bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Endocannabinoid Metabolite Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-Glycerol Inhibits Human Neutrophil Functions: Involvement of Its Hydrolysis into PGE2 and EP Receptors
Authors: Turcotte Caroline , Zarini Simona , Jean Stéphanie , Martin Cyril , Murphy Robert C. , Marsolais David , Laviolette Michel , Blanchet Marie-Renée , Flamand Nicolas 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol and N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine mediate an array of pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. These effects are related, in part, to their metabolism by eicosanoid biosynthetic enzymes. For example, N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol can be metabolized by cyclooxygenase-2 into PG-ethanolamide (PG-EA) and PG-glycerol (PG-G), respectively. Although PGE2 is a recognized suppressor of neutrophil functions, the impact of cyclooxygenase-derived endocannabinoids such as PGE2-EA or PGE2-G on neutrophils is unknown. This study’s aim was to define the effects of these mediators on neutrophil functions and the underlying cellular mechanisms involved. We show that PGE2-G, but not PGE2-EA, inhibits leukotriene B4 biosynthesis, superoxide production, migration, and antimicrobial peptide release. The effects of PGE2-G were prevented by EP1/EP2 receptor antagonist AH-6809 but not the EP4 antagonist ONO-AE2-227. The effects of PGE2-G required its hydrolysis into PGE2, were not observed with the non-hydrolyzable PGE2-serinol amide, and were completely prevented by methyl-arachidonoyl-fluorophosphate and palmostatin B, and partially prevented by JZL184 and WWL113. Although we could detect six of the documented PG-G hydrolases in neutrophils by quantitative PCR, only ABHD12 and ABHD16A were detected by immunoblot. Our pharmacological data, combined with our protein expression data, did not allow us to pinpoint one PGE2-G lipase, and rather support the involvement of an uncharacterized lipase and/or of multiple hydrolases. In conclusion, we show that PGE2-G inhibits human neutrophil functions through its hydrolysis into PGE2, and by activating the EP2 receptor. This also indicates that neutrophils could regulate inflammation by altering the balance between PG-G and PG levels in vivo.
Structural Implications for the Formation and Function of the Complement Effector Protein iC3b
Authors: Papanastasiou Malvina , Koutsogiannaki Sophia , Sarigiannis Yiannis , Geisbrecht Brian V. , Ricklin Daniel , Lambris John D. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Complement-mediated opsonization, phagocytosis, and immune stimulation are critical processes in host defense and homeostasis, with the complement activation fragment iC3b playing a key effector role. To date, however, there is no high-resolution structure of iC3b, and some aspects of its structure-activity profile remain controversial. Here, we employed hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to describe the structure and dynamics of iC3b at a peptide resolution level in direct comparison with its parent protein C3b. In our hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry study, 264 peptides were analyzed for their deuterium content, providing almost complete sequence coverage for this 173-kDa protein. Several peptides in iC3b showed significantly higher deuterium uptake when compared with C3b, revealing more dynamic, solvent-exposed regions. Most of them resided in the CUB domain, which contains the heptadecapeptide C3f that is liberated during the conversion of C3b to iC3b. Our data suggest a highly disordered CUB, which has acquired a state similar to that of intrinsically disordered proteins, resulting in a predominant form of iC3b that features high structural flexibility. The structure was further validated using an anti-iC3b mAb that was shown to target an epitope in the CUB region. The information obtained in this work allows us to elucidate determinants of iC3b specificity and activity and provide functional insights into the protein’s recognition pattern with respect to regulators and receptors of the complement system.
Id2 Collaborates with Id3 To Suppress Invariant NKT and Innate-like Tumors
Authors: Li Jia , Roy Sumedha , Kim Young-Mi , Li Shibo , Zhang Baojun , Love Cassandra , Reddy Anupama , Rajagopalan Deepthi , Dave Sandeep , Diehl Anna Mae , Zhuang Yuan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) proteins, including Id1–4, are transcriptional regulators involved in promoting cell proliferation and survival in various cell types. Although upregulation of Id proteins is associated with a broad spectrum of tumors, recent studies have identified that Id3 plays a tumor-suppressor role in the development of Burkitt’s lymphoma in humans and hepatosplenic T cell lymphomas in mice. In this article, we report rapid lymphoma development in Id2/Id3 double-knockout mice that is caused by unchecked expansion of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells or a unique subset of innate-like CD1d-independent T cells. These populations began to expand in neonatal mice and, upon malignant transformation, resulted in mortality between 3 and 11 mo of age. The malignant cells also gave rise to lymphomas upon transfer to Rag-deficient and wild-type hosts, reaffirming their inherent tumorigenic potential. Microarray analysis revealed a significantly modified program in these neonatal iNKT cells that ultimately led to their malignant transformation. The lymphoma cells demonstrated chromosome instability along with upregulation of several signaling pathways, including the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway, which can promote their expansion and migration. Dysregulation of genes with reported driver mutations and the NF-κB pathway were found to be shared between Id2/Id3 double-knockout lymphomas and human NKT tumors. Our work identifies a distinct premalignant state and multiple tumorigenic pathways caused by loss of function of Id2 and Id3. Thus, conditional deletion of Id2 and Id3 in developing T cells establishes a unique animal model for iNKT and relevant innate-like lymphomas.
Endogenous Natural Complement Inhibitor Regulates Cardiac Development
Authors: Mortensen Simon A. , Skov Louise L. , Kjaer-Sorensen Kasper , Hansen Annette G. , Hansen Søren , Dagnæs-Hansen Frederik , Jensenius Jens C. , Oxvig Claus , Thiel Steffen , Degn Søren E. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Congenital heart defects are a major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity, affecting &gt;1% of all live births in the Western world, yet a large fraction of such defects have an unknown etiology. Recent studies demonstrated surprising dual roles for immune-related molecules and their effector mechanisms during fetal development and adult homeostasis. In this article, we describe the function of an endogenous complement inhibitor, mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated protein (MAp)44, in regulating the composition of a serine protease–pattern recognition receptor complex, MBL-associated serine protease (MASP)-3/collectin-L1/K1 hetero-oligomer, which impacts cardiac neural crest cell migration. We used knockdown and rescue strategies in zebrafish, a model allowing visualization and assessment of heart function, even in the presence of severe functional defects. Knockdown of embryonic expression of MAp44 caused impaired cardiogenesis, lowered heart rate, and decreased cardiac output. These defects were associated with aberrant neural crest cell behavior. We found that MAp44 competed with MASP-3 for pattern recognition molecule interaction, and knockdown of endogenous MAp44 expression could be rescued by overexpression of wild-type MAp44. Our observations provide evidence that immune molecules are centrally involved in the orchestration of cardiac tissue development.
Novel Pattern Recognition Receptor Protects Shrimp by Preventing Bacterial Colonization and Promoting Phagocytosis
Authors: Wang Xian-Wei , Gao Jie , Xu Yi-Hui , Xu Ji-Dong , Fan Zhen-Xu , Zhao Xiao-Fan , Wang Jin-Xing 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns is accomplished by the recognition modules of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) represent the two most universal categories of recognition modules. In the current study, we identified a novel soluble and bacteria-inducible PRR comprising LRRs and a CTLD from the hepatopancreas of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus and named it Leulectin. The module arrangement of Leulectin is unique among all organisms. Both modules, together with the whole molecule, protected shrimp against Vibrio infection. By screening the pathogen-associated molecular patterns that shrimp might encounter, Leulectin was found to sense Vibrio flagellin through the LRRs and to recognize LPS through CTLD. The LRR–flagellin interaction was confirmed by pull-down and far-Western assays and was found to rely on the fourth LRR of Leulectin and the N terminus of flagellin. The recognition of LPS was determined by the long loop region of CTLD in a calcium-independent manner. By sensing the flagellin, LRRs could prevent its attachment to shrimp cells, thereby inhibiting Vibrio colonization. With the ability to recognize LPS, CTLD could agglutinate the bacteria and promote hemocytic phagocytosis. Our study clearly showed the division of labor and the synergy between different recognition modules and provided new insights into the concept of pattern recognition and the function of soluble PRRs in the antibacterial response.
Downregulation of E Protein Activity Augments an ILC2 Differentiation Program in the Thymus
Authors: Wang Hong-Cheng , Qian Liangyue , Zhao Ying , Mengarelli Joni , Adrianto Indra , Montgomery Courtney G. , Urban Joseph F. , Fung Kar-Ming , Sun Xiao-Hong 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are important regulators in various immune responses. The current paradigm states that all newly made ILCs originate from common lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow. Id2, an inhibitor of E protein transcription factors, is indispensable for ILC differentiation. Unexpectedly, we found that ectopically expressing Id1 or deleting two E protein genes in the thymus drastically increased ILC2 counts in the thymus and other organs where ILC2 normally reside. Further evidence suggests a thymic origin of these mutant ILC2s. The mutant mice exhibit augmented spontaneous infiltration of eosinophils and heightened responses to papain in the lung and increased ability to expulse the helminth parasite, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. These results prompt the questions of whether the thymus naturally has the capacity to produce ILC2s and whether E proteins restrain such a potential. The abundance of ILC2s in Id1 transgenic mice also offers a unique opportunity for testing the biological functions of ILC2s.
Antiparasitic Treatment Induces an Improved CD8+ T Cell Response in Chronic Chagasic Patients
Authors: Mateus Jose , Pérez-Antón Elena , Lasso Paola , Egui Adriana , Roa Nubia , Carrilero Bartolomé , González John M. , Thomas M. Carmen , Puerta Concepción J. , López Manuel C. , Cuéllar Adriana 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Chagas disease is a chronic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, an intracellular protozoan parasite. Chronic chagasic patients (CCPs) have dysfunctional CD8+ T cells that are characterized by impaired cytokine production, high coexpression of inhibitory receptors, and advanced cellular differentiation. Most patients diagnosed in the chronic phase of Chagas disease already exhibit heart involvement, and there is no vaccination that protects against the disease. Antiparasitic treatment is controversial as to its indication for this stage of the disease. There is a lack of biological markers to evaluate the effectiveness of antiparasitic treatment, and little is known about the effect of the treatment on CD8+ T cells. Thus, the aim of the current study was to analyze the early effects of antiparasitic treatment on CD8+ T cells from CCPs with asymptomatic clinical forms of disease. To evaluate the CD8+ T cell subsets, expression of inhibitory receptors, and functionality of T cells in CCPs, PBMCs were isolated. The results showed that treatment of CCPs with the asymptomatic form of the disease induces an increase in the frequency of CD8+ central memory T cells and terminal effector T cells, a decrease in the coexpression of inhibitory receptors, an improved Ag-specific CD8+ T cell response exhibited by the individual production of IFN-γ or IL-2, and a multifunctional CD8+ T cell profile of up to four functions (IFN-γ+IL-2+Perforin+Granzyme B+). These findings suggest that, in CCPs, antiparasitic treatment improved the quality of Ag-specific CD8+ T cell responses associated with a decrease in inhibitory receptor coexpression, which could serve as biomarkers for monitoring the effectiveness of antiparasitic treatment.
Kann man die Gebrauchstheorie der Bedeutung in der Semantik gebrauchen?
Authors: Robering Klaus 
Published: March 2017

The following article deals with some aspects of special theories of meaning – namely those which consider the meaning of a linguistic sign as a function of its use. Although this approach to meaning is commonly attributed to Wittgenstein, I do not aim at an interpretation or exegesis of this philosopher but rather at a systematic discussion of meaning-as-use-theories. In the first section, I discuss the very notion of a theory of meaning. The next section provides a list of criteria which a theory of meaning should fulfill in order to be a meaning-as-use-theory. The formal architecture of semantic theories is discussed in the third section and – dealing with the simpler case of a referential theory of meaning as an example – the fourth section explains how semantic theories are given a theoretical underpinning by being interpreted within a theory of meaning. The same is done for the case of meaning-as-use-theories in the final section.
Reformulation of the domain-level semantic pattern of axiological evaluation in the lexicon of English verbs
Authors: Lago Ángel Felices 
Published: March 2017

The three-level hierarchy of values in Faber and Mairal‘s work (Constructing a Lexicon of English Verbs, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1999) is based on the scales of values given by Max Scheler or Józef Tischner, which are deeply rooted in the theory of the Great Chain of Being (employed by Aristotle in his scala naturae). Faber and Mairal also provide an account of the relationship between lexical structure and cognition. A key issue was the introduction of a cognitive axis and a typology of predicate schemas in the lexicon (at lexeme, sub-domain and domain level). Among the four domain-level semantic patterns proposed, axiology is considered to appear in many domains. How-ever, in this article it is claimed that the axiological parameter needs further clarification and decomposition. Its structure is multidimensional, internally hierarchical and ca-nonical. In consequence, the three-level hierarchy of values in the lexicon of English verbs is reformulated and the axiological parameter is divided into multilevel categories crossed by two layers of canonical axes. It is also claimed that the axiological formula incorporating this might improve the understanding of this parameter within the lexical architecture of the verbal lexicon.
Two empirical models for short‐term forecast of Kp
Authors: Luo B. , Liu S. , Gong J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, two empirical models are developed for short‐term forecast of the Kp index, taking advantage of solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling functions proposed by the research community. Both models are based on the data for years 1995 to 2004. Model 1 mainly uses solar wind parameters as the inputs, while model 2 also utilizes the previous measured Kp value. Finally, model 1 predicts Kp with a linear correlation coefficient (r) of 0.91, a prediction efficiency (PE) of 0.81, and a root‐mean‐square (RMS) error of 0.59. Model 2 gives an r of 0.92, a PE of 0.84, and an RMS error of 0.57. The two models are validated through out‐of‐sample test for years 2005 to 2013, which also yields high forecast accuracy. Unlike in the other models reported in the literature, we are taking the response time of the magnetosphere to external solar wind at the Earth explicitly in the modeling. Statistically, the time delay in the models turns out to be about 30 min. By introducing this term, both the accuracy and lead time of the model forecast are improved. Through verification and validation, the models can be used in operational geomagnetic storm warnings with reliable performance.
Water‐resistant modification of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyamidoxime chelating fibers prepared by emulsion spinning and their adsorption properties
Authors: Song Yongjiao , Zhang Xianghan , Ye Guangdou , Xu Jianjun , Jiang Mengjin 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylonitrile (PVA/PAN) precursor fiber prepared by emulsion spinning was separately crosslinked with dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), formaldehyde (FA), and both DMDHEU and FA for preparing PVA/polyamidoxime (PAO) chelating fibers with elevated water‐resistance. Effects of different crosslinking systems on the properties of the composite amidoxime chelating fibers have been investigated. Results show that FA treatment can effectively increase the water‐resistance of composite fiber, but would dramatically decrease the adsorption properties of composite fiber. Conversely, DMDHEU treatment has inferior effects on the water‐resistance of the composite fiber, but would impressively increase the adsorption properties of composite fiber. The composite fiber treated with both DMDHEU and FA could reach good overall performances (water contact angle: 94.83°; soft point in hot water: 116 °C; breaking strength in dry condition: 441.80 MPa; the maximum adsorption capacities of precious ions: 1207.66 and 653.59 mg Ag g−1). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44965.
Bridging the Telepresence Valley: Greg Welch Speaks
Authors: Hardin Steve 
Published: March 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARYGreg Welch, chair of healthcare simulation at University of Central Florida, spoke at the 2016 ASIS&T Annual Meeting as the first plenary speaker. He discussed the meaning of a telepresence valley, which is the gap between people in a situation where telepresence is involved. Welch noted that telepresence is markedly different from telecollaboration and, in an ideal telepresence situation, people from different remote locations can feel they are together in one common location. One telepresence application, TLE TeachLivE, is a simulated classroom that allows teachers to improve their skills in interacting with students. TLE simulates avatar students that react to the teacher, thus giving realistic feedback in real time. Welch also discussed applications in the healthcare industry, such as a touch‐sensitive mannequin head that Welch and his team are developing to react to the actions of a provider.
Some European Contributions to Information Science
Authors: Buckland Michael K. 
Published: March 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARYEuropean contributions to the field of information science are often overlooked or forgotten in the popularity and prominence of the Association for Information Science and Technology, previously known as the American Society for Information Science and Technology. Areas covered include information science theory, bibliographical descriptions, documentation theory, library science, classification, information retrieval, bibliometrics and standards. One noteworthy contributor to the field of information science as a whole is Karl Marx, who is credited as a “herald of the information society. Two international conferences, the International Conference on Scientific Information in Washington D.C. in 1958 and the Royal Society Scientific Information Conference in London in 1948, are cited as recognizing the importance of the field. Another conference series highlighted here is the Conceptions of Library and Information Science, which promotes innovations from the European community and is maintained primarily by Europeans.
Outstanding Information Science Teacher Award: Teaching, Writing and Reflective Practice
Authors: Nathan Lisa P. 
Published: March 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARYLisa Nathan is an assistant professor at the iSchool at the University of British Columbia (UBC) and recipient of the 2016 ASIS&T Outstanding Information Science Teacher Award. She creates “real‐world” assignments and thoughtful activities in order to develop students into critically thinking information professionals. Lisa outlines four teaching techniques she uses and provides examples of each one. In a method she calls reflective reading, she asks students to come up with discussion questions based on the weekly reading materials, and the originators of each question run a discussion with other students. She promotes effective communication by building up writing and oral skills for each student to allow them as many outlets as possible to express their opinions thoughtfully. Finally, she extends her teaching outside the classroom and was awarded funds from the UBC's Remote Community Based Learning Fund in 2016 and 2017 for graduate students to work with the Heiltsuk Cultural Education Centre.
Doctoral Student Research Video Competition: Information Behavior of Refugees: Viewing Refugee Integration Through an Information Science Lens
Authors: Oduntan Olubukola 
Published: March 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARYThe United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees reports 65 million refugees around the world, a 50 percent increase over the last five years and a 75 percent increase over the last 20 years. With over 80 percent of refugees living below the poverty line, new ideas and innovations are desperately needed to assist with refugee integration into host countries. This information behavior investigation is an attempt to identify information needs, both individually and publically, in refugee integration. Concepts considered in this investigation include the hierarchy of needs, social capital, accessibility and quality of information and sense‐making. One main goal of the investigation was to determine situations where refugees experienced a lack of information during the integration process. Using the materials for this investigation, Olubukola Oduntan created and submitted the winning video for the first ASIS&T Doctoral Student Research Video competition.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 with an Oxide‐Derived Lead Nano‐Coralline Electrode in Dimcarb
Authors: Chen Lu , Li Fengwang , Bentley Cameron L. , Horne Mike , Bond Alan M. , Zhang Jie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractElectroreduction of CO2 in the distillable ionic liquid dimethylammonium dimethylcarbamate (dimcarb) has been investigated with an oxide‐derived lead (od‐Pb) electrode. Compared with unmodified polycrystalline Pb, where H2 is the dominant electrolysis product, od‐Pb possesses impressive catalytic properties for the reduction of CO2 in dimcarb (mixing molar ratio of CO2 and dimethylamine (DMA) >1 : 1.8), with faradaic efficiencies for the generation of H2, CO, and [HCOO]− of approximately 15, 10, and 75 %, respectively. These efficiencies are independent of the applied potential in the range of −1.34 to −3.34 V vs. Cc0/+ (where Cc+=cobaltocenium). Thorough analysis of the properties of od‐Pb, we demonstrate that its intrinsically high catalytic activity towards CO2 reduction compared to bulk Pb is attributable to an increased surface roughness and greater surface area (ca. 10 times higher), rather than the existence of residual metal oxides that are known to suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction, preferred crystal orientation, or the existence of metastable active sites.