bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hashimoto's thyroiditis: relative recurrence risk ratio and implications for screening of first‐degree relatives
Authors: Bothra Nikita , Shah Nalini , Goroshi Manjunath , Jadhav Swati , Padalkar Sheetal , Thakkar Hemangini , Toteja Gurudayal Singh , Shivane Vyankatesh , Lila Anurag , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: March 2017

SummaryContextThe relative recurrence risk ratio (λR) for Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) has not been widely studied. The age at which thyroid function evaluation should be initiated for relatives of HT patients remains unclear.ObjectiveTo study λR and age‐related prevalence of HT in first‐degree relatives of HT patients.MethodsFirst‐degree relatives (n = 861) of 264 HT patients were evaluated for goitre, thyroid function tests, thyroid antibodies (TAb) and urinary iodide concentration (UIC). HT was defined as TAb positivity and hypothyroidism (subclinical/overt). λR was calculated as {number of index patients whose relatives (of particular subtype) had HT/number of index patients having relatives of same subtype}÷ population prevalence of HT (5·1%). The age‐related prevalence of HT was studied using Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsA total of 861 relatives (205 parents, 336 siblings and 320 offspring) participated in the study. About 38·3% were TAb positive. The prevalence of HT was 16·7% (22·9% in parents, 19·6% in siblings and 9·6% in offspring). TAb positivity (48·3% vs 33·1%) and HT (23·5% vs 13·6%) were significantly more common in the goitrous group (n = 267) vs nongoitrous group. The median UIC for the study population was 182·5 μg/l. Computed λR was 9·1 for any one relative being affected, 5·9 for parents, 6·3 for siblings and 3·1 for offspring. The prevalence of HT increased with age and exceeded the adult population prevalence of 5·1% at 20 years in females and 27 years in males.ConclusionsRelatives of HT patients have a ninefold increased risk for developing HT as compared to the general population. The risk of developing HT exceeds that of the general population at 20 years in females and 27 years in males.
Threats to intact tropical peatlands and opportunities for their conservation
Authors: Roucoux K.H. , Lawson I.T. , Baker T.R. , Del Castillo Torres D. , Draper F.C. , Lähteenoja O. , Gilmore M.P. , Honorio Coronado E.N. , Kelly T.J. , Mitchard E.T.A. , Vriesendorp C.F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLarge, intact areas of tropical peatland are highly threatened at a global scale by the expansion of commercial agriculture and other forms of economic development. Conserving peatlands on a landscape scale, with their hydrology intact, is of international conservation importance to preserve their distinctive biodiversity and ecosystem services and maintain their resilience to future environmental change. We explored threats to and opportunities for conserving remaining intact tropical peatlands; thus, we excluded peatlands of Indonesia and Malaysia, where extensive deforestation, drainage, and conversion to plantations means conservation in this region can protect only small fragments of the original ecosystem. We focused on a case study, the Pastaza‐Marañón Foreland Basin (PMFB) in Peru, which is among the largest known intact tropical peatland landscapes in the world and is representative of peatland vulnerability. Maintenance of the hydrological conditions critical for carbon storage and ecosystem function of peatlands is, in the PMFB, primarily threatened by expansion of commercial agriculture linked to new transport infrastructure that is facilitating access to remote areas. There remain opportunities in the PMFB and elsewhere to develop alternative, more sustainable land‐use practices. Although some of the peatlands in the PMFB fall within existing legally protected areas, this protection does not include the most carbon‐dense (domed pole forest) areas. New carbon‐based conservation instruments (e.g., REDD+, Green Climate Fund), developing markets for sustainable peatland products, transferring land title to local communities, and expanding protected areas offer pathways to increased protection for intact tropical peatlands in Amazonia and elsewhere, such as those in New Guinea and Central Africa which remain, for the moment, broadly beyond the frontier of commercial development.
Comparing reliabilities of strip and conventional patch testing
Authors: Dickel Heinrich , Geier Johannes , Kreft Burkhard , Pfützner Wolfgang , Kuss Oliver 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe standardized protocol for performing the strip patch test has proven to be valid, but evidence on its reliability is still missing.ObjectiveTo estimate the parallel‐test reliability of the strip patch test as compared with the conventional patch test.MethodsIn this multicentre, prospective, randomized, investigator‐blinded reliability study, 132 subjects were enrolled. Simultaneous duplicate strip and conventional patch tests were performed with the Finn Chambers® on Scanpor® tape test system and the patch test preparations nickel sulfate 5% pet., potassium dichromate 0.5% pet., and lanolin alcohol 30% pet. Reliability was estimated by the use of Cohen's kappa coefficient.ResultsParallel‐test reliability values of the three standard patch test preparations turned out to be acceptable, with slight advantages for the strip patch test. The differences in reliability were 9% (95%CI: −8% to 26%) for nickel sulfate and 23% (95%CI: −16% to 63%) for potassium dichromate, both favouring the strip patch test.ConclusionsThe standardized strip patch test method for the detection of allergic contact sensitization in patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis is reliable. Its application in routine clinical practice can be recommended, especially if the conventional patch test result is presumably false negative.
C‐reactive protein as a predictor of anastomotic leak in the first week after anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Reynolds I. S. , Boland M. R. , Reilly F. , Deasy A. , Majeed M. H. , Deasy J. , Burke J. P. , McNamara D. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimAnastomotic leak (AL) after anterior resection results in increased morbidity, mortality and local recurrence. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of C‐reactive protein (CRP) to predict AL in the first week after anterior resection for rectal cancer.MethodA retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database that included all patients undergoing anterior resection between January 2008 and December 2013 was performed. The ability of CRP to predict AL was assessed using area under the receiver–operating characteristics (AUC) curves. The severity of AL was defined using the International Study Group of Rectal Cancer (ISREC) grading system.ResultsTwo‐hundred and eleven patients were included in the study. Statistically significant differences in mean CRP values were found between those with and without an AL on postoperative days 5, 6 and 7. A CRP value of 132 mg/l on postoperative day 5 had an AUC of 0.75, corresponding to a sensitivity of 70%, a specificity of 76.6%, a positive predictive value of 16.3% and a negative predictive value of 97.5%. Multivariable analysis found that a CRP of > 132 mg/l on postoperative day 5 was the only statistically significant patient factor that was linked to an increased risk of AL (HR = 8.023, 95% CI: 1.936–33.238, P = 0.004).ConclusionEarly detection of AL may minimize postoperative complications. CRP is a useful negative predictive test for the development of AL following anterior resection.
Regional Bans on Wild‐Bird Trade Modify Invasion Risks at a Global Scale
Authors: Cardador Laura , Lattuada Matteo , Strubbe Diederik , Tella José L. , Reino Luís , Figueira Rui , Carrete Martina 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWildlife trade is currently the most important and increasing source of vertebrate invasive species. However, exhaustive analyses of potential side effects of trade regulations on this pathway of introduction are lacking. We addressed this by combining environmental niche models and global trade data on parrots (Psittaciformes), one of the most widely traded and worldwide invasive taxa. We used the wild bird trade bans of United States (1992) and Europe (2005) as case‐studies. Results showed that regional bans can generate geographic redirections in trade, with important consequences on worldwide invasion risk. While the amount of parrots traded internationally remained largely constant, changes in trade destination occurred. Consequently, the world surface predicted at risk of parrot invasions increased with successive bans. Of concern, a redirection of trade toward developing countries was observed. Attention should be paid on the mismatch between the global requirements of invasion management and the regional scales governing trade regulations.
ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology
Authors: Scheffer Ingrid E. , Berkovic Samuel , Capovilla Giuseppe , Connolly Mary B. , French Jacqueline , Guilhoto Laura , Hirsch Edouard , Jain Satish , Mathern Gary W. , Moshé Solomon L. , Nordli Douglas R. , Perucca Emilio , Tomson Torbjörn , Wiebe Samuel , Zhang Yue‐Hua , Zuberi Sameer M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Classification of the Epilepsies has been updated to reflect our gain in understanding of the epilepsies and their underlying mechanisms following the major scientific advances that have taken place since the last ratified classification in 1989. As a critical tool for the practicing clinician, epilepsy classification must be relevant and dynamic to changes in thinking, yet robust and translatable to all areas of the globe. Its primary purpose is for diagnosis of patients, but it is also critical for epilepsy research, development of antiepileptic therapies, and communication around the world. The new classification originates from a draft document submitted for public comments in 2013, which was revised to incorporate extensive feedback from the international epilepsy community over several rounds of consultation. It presents three levels, starting with seizure type, where it assumes that the patient is having epileptic seizures as defined by the new 2017 ILAE Seizure Classification. After diagnosis of the seizure type, the next step is diagnosis of epilepsy type, including focal epilepsy, generalized epilepsy, combined generalized, and focal epilepsy, and also an unknown epilepsy group. The third level is that of epilepsy syndrome, where a specific syndromic diagnosis can be made. The new classification incorporates etiology along each stage, emphasizing the need to consider etiology at each step of diagnosis, as it often carries significant treatment implications. Etiology is broken into six subgroups, selected because of their potential therapeutic consequences. New terminology is introduced such as developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. The term benign is replaced by the terms self‐limited and pharmacoresponsive, to be used where appropriate. It is hoped that this new framework will assist in improving epilepsy care and research in the 21st century.
Parental Perceived Control and Social Support: Linkages to Change in Parenting Behaviors During Early Adolescence
Authors: Lippold Melissa A. , Glatz Terese , Fosco Gregory M. , Feinberg Mark E. 
Published: March 2017

Prior studies have found that parents’ perceptions of control over their lives and their social support may both be important for parenting behaviors. Yet, few studies have examined their unique and interacting influence on parenting behaviors during early adolescence. This longitudinal study of rural parents in two‐parent families (N = 636) investigated (a) whether perceived control and social support when their youth were in sixth grade were independently or interactively associated with changes in parenting behaviors (discipline, standard setting) and parent–child warmth and hostility 6 months later and (b) if these linkages differed by parent gender. We also investigated the interactive links between perceived control, social support, and parenting. Specifically, we tested if parents’ perceived control moderated the linkages between social support and parenting and if these linkages differed by parent gender. Greater perceived control predicted more increases in parents’ consistent discipline and standard setting, whereas greater social support predicted increases in parent–child warmth and decreases in parent–child hostility. Parental perceived control moderated the effect of social support on parental warmth: For mothers only, social support was significantly linked to parent–child warmth only when mothers had low (but not high) perceived self‐control. The discussion focuses on reasons why perceived control and social support may have associations with different aspects of parenting and why these might differ for mothers and fathers.
Surfing parameter hyperspaces under climate change scenarios to design future rice ideotypes
Authors: Paleari Livia , Movedi Ermes , Cappelli Giovanni , Wilson Lloyd T. , Confalonieri Roberto 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGrowing food crops to meet global demand and the search for more sustainable cropping systems are increasing the need for new cultivars in key production areas. This study presents the identification of rice traits putatively producing the largest yield benefits in five areas that markedly differ in terms of environmental conditions in the Philippines, India, China, Japan and Italy. The ecophysiological model WARM and sensitivity analysis techniques were used to evaluate phenotypic traits involved with light interception, photosynthetic efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stressors, resistance to fungal pathogens and grain quality. The analysis involved only model parameters that have a close relationship with phenotypic traits breeders are working on, to increase the in vivo feasibility of selected ideotypes. Current climate and future projections were considered, in the light of the resources required by breeding programs and of the role of weather variables in the identification of promising traits. Results suggest that breeding for traits involved with disease resistance, and tolerance to cold‐ and heat‐induced spikelet sterility could provide benefits similar to those obtained from the improvement of traits involved with canopy structure and photosynthetic efficiency. In contrast, potential benefits deriving from improved grain quality traits are restricted by weather variability and markedly affected by G × E interactions. For this reason, district‐specific ideotypes were identified using a new index accounting for both their productivity and feasibility.
Sex differences in vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes: The cardiac, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness in ESRD (CERES) study
Authors: Guajardo Isabella , Ayer Amrita , Johnson Alexander D. , Ganz Peter , Mills Claire , Donovan Catherine , Scherzer Rebecca , Shah Sanjiv J. , Peralta Carmen A. , Dubin Ruth F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Recent studies suggest that women with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) may have higher rates of mortality than men, but it is unknown whether sex differences in vascular function explain this disparity. The cardiac, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness in ESRD (CERES) study is an ongoing, prospective observational study designed to investigate vascular function, myocardial injury, and cardiovascular outcomes in ESRD.Methods: Among 200 CERES participants (34% women), we evaluated arterial wave reflections as augmentation index normalized to a heart rate of 75 (AIx75), arterial stiffness as pulse wave velocity, and macro‐ and microvascular endothelial dysfunction as flow‐mediated dilation and velocity time integral (VTI). Over a median of 14 months, participants were followed for the composite outcome of cardiovascular hospitalization or all‐cause death.Findings: Women had higher arterial wave reflection (Mean, SD AIx75 30% ± 9% for women vs. 21% ± 10% for men; P < 0.001) and worse microvascular function (VTI 55 ± 30 cm for women vs. 70 ± 27 cm for men; P = 0.007). After multivariable adjustment, female sex remained associated with a 0.5‐SD higher AIx75 (95% CI [0.01, 0.9]) and 0.3‐SD lower VTI (95%CI [0.1, 0.7]). Women experienced higher adjusted rates of the composite outcome (HR 2.5; 95%CI [1.1, 5.6]; P = 0.03), and further adjustment for arterial wave reflection attenuated this risk.Discussion: Vascular dysfunction may partly explain the association of female sex with higher cardiovascular risk and mortality in patients with ESRD. Further studies are needed to explore whether sex differences in vascular function predict long‐term outcomes, and whether hormonal or inflammatory factors explain these associations.
Iatrogenic hypernatremia in hemodialysis patients: A result of erroneous online conductivity monitor and conductivity meter reading
Authors: Obialo Chamberlain I. , John Smitha , Bashir Khalid 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHyponatremia is common in chronic kidney disease and in end stage kidney disease (ESKD) but hypernatremia is infrequent in ESKD. The incidence of hypernatremia is higher in ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) than in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In PD patients it is often a result of excessive ultrafiltration but in HD it is often a result of dialysate composition errors. Dialysate composition errors can inadvertently cause either hyponatremia or hypernatremia. We present two cases of symptomatic hypernatremia which manifested as increased thirst, excessive weight gain and worsening hypertension in HD patients. The hypernatremia was caused by a combination of errors in online conductivity reading and a faulty hand held conductivity meter. Symptoms were relieved in both patients after replacement of the dialysis machine.
Population genetic structure of Helicobacter pylori strains from Portuguese‐speaking countries
Authors: Oleastro Mónica , Rocha Raquel , Vale Filipa F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe human gastric colonizer Helicobacter pylori is useful to track human migrations given the agreement between the bacterium phylogeographic distribution and human migrations. As Portugal was an African and Brazilian colonizer for over 400 years, we hypothesized that Portuguese isolates were likely genetically closer with those from countries colonized by Portuguese in the past. We aimed to characterize the population structure of several Portuguese‐speaking countries, including Portugal, Brazil, Angola, and Cape Verde.Materials and MethodsWe included strains isolated in Portugal from Portuguese and from former Portuguese colonies. These strains were typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for seven housekeeping genes. We also retrieved from Multi Locus Sequence Typing Web site additional housekeeping gene sequences, namely from Angola and Brazil.ResultsWe provided evidence that strains from Portuguese belong to hpEurope and that the introgression of hpEurope in non‐European countries that speak Portuguese is low, except for Brazil and Cape Verde, where hpEurope accounted for one quarter and one half of the population, respectively. We found genetic similarity for all strains from Portuguese‐speaking countries that belong to hpEurope population. Moreover, these strains showed a predominance of ancestral Europe 2 (AE2) over ancestral Europe 1 (AE1), followed by ancestral Africa 1.ConclusionsH. pylori is a useful marker even for relative recent human migration events and may become rapidly differentiated from founder populations. H. pylori from Portuguese‐speaking countries assigned to hpEurope appears to be a hybrid population resulting from the admixture of AE1, AE2 and ancestral hpAfrica1.
Comparison of visual bird migration counts with radar estimates
Authors: Schmidt Matthias , Aschwanden Janine , Liechti Felix , Wichmann Gábor , Nemeth Erwin 
Published: March 2017

In the context of an extensive study on bird migration in the Austrian Alps, we compared data from a fixed‐beam radar with data collected by visual observation to estimate the intensity of migrating birds up to a height of 150 m above the ground. Migration traffic rates calculated from visual bird counts and radar measurements were strongly correlated. Using resampling techniques, we calculated a minimum observation effort for counting birds during a 5‐week period of peak migration. We chose ±20% of the real mean as the criterion for a reliable estimation. Our results showed that at least 19 observation days are necessary to assess the mean number of migrants passing within this low altitudinal range.
Non-modifiable determinants of pharmacy residency match rates
Authors: Caballero Joshua , Benavides Sandra , Clauson Kevin A , Hardigan Patrick C , Martinez Brandon K , Llerena Valerie 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine non-modifiable pharmacy program characteristics on residency match rates.

Methods
American Society of Health-System Pharmacists match and non-match lists were de-identified and evaluated for students graduating in 2015. Variables analysed included length of program, type of institution and didactic grading scheme.

Key Findings
Students from 4-year programs, attending a public institution, or using a grade point average had greater odds of matching. Logistic regression model indicated a good model fit (χ2(2) of 4.44, P = 0.108).

Conclusions
Students considering residency training may benefit from awareness of such factors when choosing a pharmacy program.
Cryptotanshinone inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is dependent on oestrogen receptor alpha in breast cancer
Authors: Pan Yanhong , Shi Junfeng , Ni Wenting , Liu Yuping , Wang Siliang , Wang Xu , Wei Zhonghong , Wang Aiyun , Chen Wenxing , Lu Yin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCryptotanshinone (CPT) has been demonstrated to inhibit proliferation and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. However, the same results are unable to be repeated in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Given the main difference of oestrogen receptor α (ERα) between two types of breast cancer cells, It is possibly suggested that CPT inhibits mTOR pathway dependent on ERα in breast cancer. CPT could significantly inhibit cell proliferation of ERα‐positive cancer cells, whereas ERα‐negative cancer cells are insensitive to CPT. The molecular docking results indicated that CPT has a high affinity with ERα, and the oestrogen receptor element luciferase reporter verified CPT distinct anti‐oestrogen effect. Furthermore, CPT inhibits mTOR signalling in MCF‐7 cells, but not in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, which is independent on binding to the FKBP12 and disrupting the mTOR complex. Meanwhile, increased expression of phosphorylation AKT and insulin receptor substrate (IRS1) induced by insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) was antagonized by CPT, but other molecules of IGF‐1/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase (PI3K) were negatively affected. Finally, the MCF‐7 cells transfected with shERα for silencing ERα show resistant to CPT, and p‐AKT, phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase 1 (p‐S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E‐BP1) were partially recovered, suggesting ERα is required for CPT inhibition of mTOR signalling. Overall, CPT inhibition of mTOR is dependent on ERα in breast cancer and should be a potential anti‐oestrogen agent and a natural adjuvant for application in endocrine resistance therapy.