bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual Differences in Decision Making Depend on Cognitive Abilities, Monitoring and Control
Authors: Jackson Simon A. , Kleitman Sabina , Stankov Lazar , Howie Pauline 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDecision making is the process by which actions are constructed and initiated. Across many research streams, this can be explained in terms of three broad cognitive processes: cognitive abilities that construct judgements and potential courses of action, and interacting monitoring and control processes that determine when to initiate them as behaviour. The aim of this research was to investigate the generality of individual differences in these processes, and their power to predict patterns of decision behaviour identified in our previous research. Undergraduate participants (N = 364) completed nine tests assessing cognitive abilities, monitoring confidence, control thresholds and various patterns of decision behaviour. The tests differed in their cognitive ability requirements and the nature of the payoffs associated with decisions. Cognitive abilities were a strong predictor of individuals' decision competence and optimality, while monitoring confidence and control thresholds were strong and unique predictors of their overall decisiveness, and reckless and hesitant errors. These results were strongest when the measures of cognitive abilities and monitoring confidence were derived from tests with the same cognitive requirements as the tests used to derive the decision behaviours and when the control threshold measure was derived from tests with the same decision payoffs as the test used to derive the decision behaviours. This effect was particularly pronounced for control thresholds, highlighting the domain‐specific nature of cognitive control processes. These findings demonstrate how cognitive abilities, monitoring output and control thresholds interact with cognitive requirements and context‐specific payoffs to drive individual differences in decision‐making behaviour. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microalgal bioengineering for sustainable energy development: Recent transgenesis and metabolic engineering strategies
Authors: Banerjee Chiranjib , Singh Puneet Kumar , Shukla Pratyoosh 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExploring the efficiency of algae to produce remarkable products can be directly benefitted by studying its mechanism at systems level. Recent advents in biotechnology like flux balance analysis (FBA), genomics and in silico proteomics minimize the wet lab exertion. It is understood that FBA predicts the metabolic products, metabolic pathways and alternative pathway to maximize the desired product, and these are key components for microalgae bio‐engineering. This review encompasses recent transgenesis techniques and metabolic engineering strategies applied to different microalgae for improving different traits. Further it also throws light on RNAi and riboswitch engineering based methods which may be advantageous for high throughput microalgal research. A valid and optimally designed microalga can be developed where every engineering strategies meet each other successfully and will definitely fulfill the market needs. It is also to be noted that Omics (viz. genetic and metabolic manipulation with bioinformatics) should be integrated to develop a strain which could prove to be a futuristic solution for sustainable development for energy.
Recyclable and Selective Nitroarene Hydrogenation Catalysts Based on Carbon‐Coated Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Bingfeng , Li Fengbo , Huang Zhijun , Yuan Guoqing 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCo/CoO nanoparticles coated with graphene layers (Co/CoO@Carbon) have been developed through direct heating treatment of cobalt oxide precursors incipiently deposited over nanographite materials. Cobalt oxides are partially reduced to active zero‐valent metal species and the simultaneous formation of carbon layers over the nanoparticles protects them from oxidation and deactivation. This nanocatalyst performs excellently in chemoselective hydrogenation of some challenging nitroarenes with reducible functionalities to the corresponding anilines. The catalyst is kept in active and selective performance in a ten‐run recycling test.
The Role of MgCl2 as a Lewis Base in ROMgCl–MgCl2 Electrolytes for Magnesium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Pan Baofei , Huang Jinhua , He Meinan , Brombosz Scott M. , Vaughey John T. , Zhang Lu , Burrell Anthony K. , Zhang Zhengcheng , Liao Chen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA series of strong Lewis acid‐free alkoxide/siloxide‐based Mg electrolytes were deliberately developed with remarkable oxidative stability up to 3.5 V (vs. Mg/Mg2+). Despite the perception of ROMgCl (R=alkyl, silyl) as a strong base, ROMgCl acts like Lewis acid, whereas the role of MgCl2 in was unambiguously demonstrated as a Lewis base through the identification of the key intermediate using single crystal X‐ray crystallography. This Lewis‐acid‐free strategy should provide a prototype system for further investigation of Mg‐ion batteries.
Retracted: Unconscious arithmetic processing: A direct replication
Authors: Karpinski Andrew , Yale Miriam , Briggs Jessie C 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAcross two experiments involving four conditions, Sklar et al. (2012) found that complex subtraction equations can be solved without awareness of the equations. These findings challenge the current position that consciousness is necessary for performing abstract, rule‐following tasks. Given the important implications of their work, we directly replicate Sklar's findings using a larger sample (n = 94) from a different population. Using Continuous Flash Suppression, we investigated if people were able to solve an equation after subliminal (1300 ms) exposure to it. We found evidence for unconscious addition but not subtraction. The effect of unconscious addition was eliminated when participants reported subjective awareness of the primes. Critical review of our results and implications for further research are discussed.
Prospective Psychosocial Predictors of Onset and Cessation of Eating Pathology amongst College Women
Authors: Dakanalis Antonios , Timko Alix , Serino Silvia , Riva Giuseppe , Clerici Massimo , Carrà Giuseppe 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe course of college women's eating pathology is variable. Little is known about psychosocial factors prospectively predicting maintenance/cessation or the new onset of clinically significant disordered eating symptoms. This study aimed to address these research gaps. College women (N = 2202) completed an assessment of eating pathology and potential risk/maintenance factors at two time points, 9 months apart. Logistic regression models indicated that elevated body dissatisfaction, thin‐ideal internalization, self‐objectification, negative affectivity and lower self‐esteem at baseline predicted ‘onset’ of clinically significant disordered eating symptomatology at follow‐up. Greater self‐esteem and lower initial levels on the remaining risk factors predicted subsequent ‘cessation’ of clinically significant disordered eating symptoms. Self‐objectification had greater explanatory value with regard to ‘cessation’ and ‘onset’ relative to the remaining traditionally accepted factors that demonstrated half as much predictive power or less. Practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Spatial and temporal variation in microcystin occurrence in wadeable streams in the southeastern United States
Authors: Loftin Keith A. , Clark Jimmy M. , Journey Celeste A. , Kolpin Dana W. , Van Metre Peter C. , Carlisle Daren , Bradley Paul M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Despite historical observations of potential microcystin-producing cyanobacteria (including Leptolyngbya, Phormidium, Pseudoanabaena, and Anabaena species) in 74% of headwater streams in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina (USA) from 1993 to 2011, fluvial cyanotoxin occurrence has not been systematically assessed in the southeastern United States. To begin to address this data gap, a spatial reconnaissance of fluvial microcystin concentrations was conducted in 75 wadeable streams in the Piedmont region (southeastern USA) during June 2014. Microcystins were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (limit = 0.10 µg/L) in 39% of the streams with mean, median, and maximum detected concentrations of 0.29 µg/L, 0.11 µg/L, and 3.2 µg/L, respectively. Significant (α = 0.05) correlations were observed between June 2014 microcystin concentrations and stream flow, total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratio, and water temperature; but each of these factors explained 38% or less of the variability in fluvial microcystins across the region. Temporal microcystin variability was assessed monthly through October 2014 in 5 of the streams where microcystins were observed in June and in 1 reference location; microcystins were repeatedly detected in all but the reference stream. Although microcystin concentrations in the present study did not exceed World Health Organization recreational guidance thresholds, their widespread occurrence demonstrates the need for further investigation of possible in-stream environmental health effects as well as potential impacts on downstream lakes and reservoirs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2281–2287. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
New conodont taxa and biozones from the Lower Ordovician of the Cordillera Oriental, NW Argentina
Authors: Voldman Gustavo G. , Albanesi Guillermo L. , Ortega Gladys , Giuliano María Eugenia , Monaldi César Rubén 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe upper strata of the Santa Rosita and the Acoite formations (Lower Ordovician) exposed at Chulpíos Creek in the Santa Victoria study area of the Cordillera Oriental, NW Argentina, are analysed by means of conodont biostratigraphy. Four conodont zones are analysed for the referred formations, i.e. theAcodus apex,Acodus triangularis,Gothodus vetusandGothodus andinuszones, on the basis of a collection withca. 2800 conodont specimens that includes new conodont taxa.Acodus apexAlbanesi and Zeballo,Acodus triangularis(Ding),Acodus zeballusn. sp.,Gothodus andinus(Raoet al.),Gothodus vetusn. sp., andPaltoduscf.inaequalis(Pander) are described herein. The conodont genusZentagnathusis diagnosed including two previously known species:Zentagnathus argentinensis(Raoet al.) andZentagnathus primitivus(Voldmanet al.). TheTetragraptus akzharensisandBaltograptuscf.deflexusgraptolite zones were identified as well in the ∼1800‐m‐thick stratigraphic section. Theincertae sedis Phosphannulus universalisMülleret al.is discussed for the Cordillera Oriental for the first time. The lower part of the Chulpíos section that involves the contact between the Santa Rosita and the Acoite formations is not able to be dated with precision either as upper Tremadocian or lower Floian because the ranges of the index taxa recorded in that interval of the study section span the stage boundary. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Valorization of polyethylene degradation products by blending with PHB biopolyester
Authors: Kwiecień Michał , Musioł Marta , Sobota Michał , Marek Adam A , Zawadiak Jan , Adamus Grazyna 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe biodegradation process of conventional plastics is very slow and can take dozens of years to achieve complete degradation. In order to improve current plastic waste management, research has been focused on identifying the possible routes for using oligomers and degradation products obtained from enzymatic depolymerization/transformation of conventional plastics as building blocks to produce eco‐friendly polymeric materials with improved biodegradability and good mechanical properties.RESULTSWe report a possible route for the utilization of polyethylene (PE) oligomers obtained from the degradation of polyethylene to produce new eco‐friendly polymeric materials. Polyethylene oligomers containing functional groups such as carboxylic, aldehyde, ketone, ether or ester were used to prepare polymeric blends with poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) biopolyester. Polymeric blends of PHB which contained 10, 20 and 30% of oxidized polyethylene oligomers with different acidic numbers were prepared and characterized .CONCLUSIONSThe results obtained show that the addition of oxidized PE oligomers to PHB biopolyester improves the mechanical properties of the prepared polymeric materials. A beneficial composition was found for the blend: PHB/oxPE 90/10 (w/w). Moreover, biodegradation tests indicated that the polymeric blends undergo biodegradation, which shows their potential application as new, eco‐friendly polymeric materials with a predicted biodegradation rate. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Histological data in a combined phylogenetic analysis of scleractinian reef corals
Authors: Cordie David R. , Budd Ann F. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTScleractinian systematics have undergone rapid changes due to increased use of molecular phylogenetics and new perspectives on skeletal morphology from micromorphology and microstructure. Despite this increase in characters there are still unresolved clades in the phylogeny, indicating that more characters are needed. This study investigates a new source of morphological data within the soft tissue of Indo‐Pacific scleractinian corals. Features of tissue layers, especially cnidocytes, are described in hematoxylin and eosin stained thin sections. Based on this new histological data source, a combined analysis with mitochondrial DNA and skeletal data is performed using parsimony and Bayesian analysis. Parsimony analysis yields three most‐parsimonious trees similar to trees based on Bayesian analysis. Character maps are also produced that show origination of histomorphological traits at deep nodes within the phylogeny. In general, both analyses retain the previously designated families Lobophylliidae and Merulinidae, but some genera are found to be paraphyletic. Nonetheless, the combined analysis produces a highly resolved and well‐supported phylogeny, which could lead to more effective use of biological conservation metrics based on evolutionary distinctiveness. These results show for the first time that inclusion of histomorphological characters improves the resolution of phylogenetic analyses of reef corals. J. Morphol. 277:494–511, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of bias correction and climate model resolution on wheat simulations forced with a regional climate model ensemble
Authors: Macadam Ian , Argüeso Daniel , Evans Jason P. , Liu De Li , Pitman Andy J. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTRegional climate model (RCM) simulations are often used with agricultural models to assess the impact of climate change on agriculture. This study assesses the suitability of climate data sets from an RCM ensemble for forcing simulations of wheat yields for New South Wales, Australia, performed using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM). Differences in yields between APSIM simulations forced with RCM output for the 1990–2009 period and APSIM simulations forced with observations are examined, as are simulated changes in yields between 1990–2009 and 2060–2079. The RCM ensemble downscales four global climate models (GCMs) using three different RCMs, firstly to a horizontal resolution of approximately 50 km, and then to approximately 10 km. All of the RCM simulations, 50 and 10 km, are able to simulate the spatial pattern of yields across the study region. However, some simulations have biases in yields. The largest of these are due to biases in rainfall during the growing season inherited from the GCMs. If the RCM output is bias‐corrected, the largest positive yield biases are reduced because the underlying biases in growing season rainfall are reduced. Simulated future changes in yields are affected because there is a non‐linear relationship between simulated yields and growing season rainfall. Downscaling to 10 km, rather than 50 km, is only beneficial when bias correction is used. The bias‐correction technique used does not eliminate all biases in growing season rainfall and increases some of the smaller biases. Nonetheless, because of the potentially large effect of the rainfall biases on simulated future yield changes, this study supports the use of bias correction in assessments of the impacts of climate change that use RCM output to force APSIM. Indeed, our findings suggest that bias correction may be necessary to obtain reliable future changes in other outputs of other biophysical models that respond non‐linearly to climate inputs.
Colorectal cancer surgery for obese patients: Financial and clinical outcomes of a Dutch population‐based registry
Authors: Govaert Johannes A. , Lijftogt Niki , van Dijk Wouter A. , Tseng Larissa N. L. , Liem Ronald S. L. , Tollenaar Rob A. E. M. , Fiocco Marta , Wouters Michel W. J. M. ,   On behalf of the Dutch Value Based Healthcare Study Group
Published: February 2016

Background and ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to explore the association among adverse events, body mass index (BMI), and hospital costs after colorectal cancer surgery in a country with an intermediate BMI distribution.MethodsAll colorectal cancer procedures in 29 Dutch hospitals listed in a 2010–2012 population‐based database and with a BMI > 18.5 were included (n = 8687). Hospital costs were measured uniformly and based on time‐driven activity‐based costing. The BMI classification of the World Health Organization was used.ResultsPatients in obesity classes 1 (23.6% [after risk‐adjustment OR 1.245, CI 1.064–1.479, P = 0.007]) and ≥2 (28.1% [after risk‐adjustment OR 1.816, CI 1.382–2.388, P < 0.001]) were associated with more severe complications and higher hospital costs (€14,294, +9.6%, after risk‐adjustment +7.9%, P < 0.001; and €15,913 +22.0%, after risk‐adjustment +21.2%, P < 0.001, respectively) than normal weight patients (20.8% and €13,040, respectively). Pre‐obese patients had significantly lower mortality rates (2.7%, after risk‐adjustment, OR 0.756, CI 0.577–0.991, P = 0.042) than normal‐weight patients (3.9%).ConclusionsObese surgical colorectal cancer patients in a country with an intermediate BMI distribution are associated with a significant increase in hospital costs because these patients suffer from more severe complications. This is the first study to provide evidence for the “obesity‐paradox” for mortality in colorectal cancer surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:489–495. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distribution and characteristics of slow‐cycling cells in rat vocal folds
Authors: Kawai Yoshitaka , Kishimoto Yo , Suzuki Ryo , Tsuji Takuya , Hiwatashi Nao , Tateya Ichiro , Yamamoto Norio , Nakamura Tatsuo , Kanemaru Sin‐ichi , Hirano Shigeru 
Published: February 2016

Objectives/HypothesisStem cells are known to proliferate at a slow rate in adult organs, and thus slow‐cycling cells exhibiting pluripotency are considered tissue‐specific stem cells in some organs. Slow‐cycling cells in the vocal fold (VF) have not been well documented. Here we sought to clarify the distributions and characteristics of slow‐cycling cells in rat VFs.MethodsWe applied double‐labeling technique to detect the distribution of slow‐cycling cells. We injected the exogenous proliferation marker 5‐bromo‐2'‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) into Sprague‐Dawley rats. After a chasing period, VFs were immunostained with antibodies to BrdU and the second endogenous proliferation marker, Ki‐67. BrdU (+) Ki‐67(+) cells were regarded as slow‐cycling cells and counted by VF regions. To reveal slow‐cycling cells' characteristic, their immunophenotypes were histologically investigated and their kinetics in injured VFs were evaluated.ResultsMost slow‐cycling cells were detected in the basal layer of the epithelium. Slow‐cycling cells in the epithelium displayed a low positive ratio of E‐cadherin and CK5 and a high positive ratio of vimentin and CD31 as compared with the other epithelial cells. The expression of S100A4 was low in slow‐cycling cells of the lamina propria and the macula flava. FGFR1, HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3 were not detected in the slow‐cycling cells. A time‐dependent reduction of slow‐cycling cells was observed in injured VFs.ConclusionMost slow‐cycling cells resided in the epithelium, exhibiting various phenotypes in a relatively undifferentiated condition, and they are suspected to contribute to the tissue repair of the injured VFs.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 126:E164–E170, 2016
Orthovoltage for basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Excellent local control and low toxicity profile
Authors: Duinkerken Charlotte W. , Lohuis Peter J. F. M. , Heemsbergen Wilma D. , Zupan‐Kajcovski Biljana , Navran Arash , Hamming‐Vrieze Olga , Klop W. Martin C. , Balm Fons J. M. , Al‐Mamgani Abrahim 
Published: February 2016

Objectives/HypothesisEvaluation of treatment results of orthovoltage X‐rays for a selection of previously untreated favorable basal cell carcinomas (BCC) in the head and neck area concerning local control, cosmetic and functional outcome, and toxicity profile.MethodsA consecutive series of patients with primarily treated BCCs who were irradiated by means of orthovoltage X‐rays in the Netherlands Cancer Institute in Amsterdam between January 2000 and February 2015 were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsTwo hundred fifty‐three BCCs in 232 patients were primarily treated with orthovoltage X‐rays. The local control rates at 1, 3, and 5 years for this selection of basal cell carcinomas were 98.9%, 97.5%, and 96.3%, respectively. Tumor size was the only significant predictor for local control because BCCs < 20 mm had a significantly higher 5‐year local control rate than lesions ≥ 20 mm (96.8% vs. 89.4%, P = 0.041). Acute toxicity healed spontaneously without medical intervention, and late toxicity rates were low. Functional impairments were negligible, and the cosmetic outcome was excellent.ConclusionOrthovoltage therapy for well‐selected favorable BCCs in the head and neck area resulted in excellent local control rates, a low toxicity profile, and apparently satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcomes. Orthovoltage irradiation is a good alternative for surgery for BCCs with favorable histologic prognosis at locations that are at risk for postoperative functional or cosmetic changes, such as the nose or canthus.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1796–1802, 2016