bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein Mimic Hydrophobicity Affects Intracellular Delivery but not Cargo Binding
Authors: Posey Nicholas D. , Caffrey Leah M. , Minter Lisa M. , Tew Gregory N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractProtein transduction domain mimics (PTDMs) enable cellular uptake of macromolecular cargo such as proteins and nucleic acids. The presence of hydrophobic domains in PTDMs has been shown to enhance cargo uptake, but the role of hydrophobicity in PTDM‐binding of the desired cargo is not fully understood. Herein, block copolymer PTDMs composed of varying hydrophobic monomers were synthesized via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to probe the effect that increasingly hydrophobic side chains had on binding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). PTDM‐facilitated cellular uptake of EGFP into Jurkat T cells was performed to assess the correlation between binding, hydrophobicity, and delivery. Binding studies demonstrated that all PTDMs bound EGFP similarly despite a five log difference in monomer Kow (octanol‐water partition coefficient) and that intermediately hydrophobic PTDMs facilitated higher cellular uptake of EGFP. Taken as a whole, hydrophobicity of the PTDM is a better predictor of effective delivery in Jurkat T cells than cargo binding.
A case for the use of conceptual analysis in science education research
Authors: Kahn Sami , Zeidler Dana L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractImprecise constructs abound in science education research in part due to reliance on stipulative definitions that neglect fine distinctions between closely related constructs and overlook important meanings and hidden values embedded in language. Lack of conceptual clarity threatens construct validity, hampers theory development, and prevents science education researchers from focusing on the precise skills they wish to study and promote. To address these challenges, we argue for the expanded use of conceptual analysis, a traditional form of philosophical inquiry underutilized in science education research. After examining the historical and epistemological bases for this methodology, we introduce a variety of techniques used in this mode of inquiry including generic, differentiation, and conditions‐type analyses using model, borderline, contrary, and invented cases. To further advance our argument, we then conduct an abbreviated differentiation‐type analysis to distinguish “perspectives” from the related terms “orientations” and “positions,” three terms that present conceptual challenges in the research area of Socioscientific Issues (SSI) yet are clarified and contextually situated through this analysis. Finally, in light of our analysis, we suggest future directions for the expanded use of conceptual analysis in science education research. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54: 538–551, 2017
Neural progenitor cells and their role in the development and evolutionary expansion of the neocortex
Authors: Namba Takashi , Huttner Wieland B. 
Published: November 2016

The evolutionary expansion of the mammalian brain, notably the neocortex, provides a platform for the higher cognitive abilities that characterize humans. Cortical expansion is accompanied by increased folding of the pial surface, which gives rise to a gyrencephalic (folded) rather than lissencephalic (unfolded) neocortex. This expansion reflects the prolonged and increased proliferation of neural stem and progenitor cells (NPCs). Distinct classes of NPCs can be distinguished based on either cell biological criteria (apical progenitors [APs], basal progenitors [BPs]) or lineage (primary progenitors and secondary progenitors). Cortical expansion in development and evolution is linked to an increased abundance and proliferative capacity of BPs, notably basal radial glial cells, a recently characterized type of secondary progenitor derived from apical radial glial cells, the primary progenitors. To gain insight into the molecular basis underlying the prolonged and increased proliferation of NPCs and in particular BPs, comparative genomic and transcriptomic approaches, mostly for human versus mouse, have been employed and applied to specific NPC types and subpopulations. These have revealed two principal sets of molecular changes. One concerns differences in the expression of common genes between species with different degrees of cortical expansion. The other comprises human‐specific genes or genomic regulatory sequences. Various systems that allow functional testing of these genomic and gene expression differences between species have emerged, including transient and stable transgenesis, genome editing, cerebral organoids, and organotypic slice cultures. These provide future avenues for uncovering the molecular basis of cortical expansion. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e256. doi: 10.1002/wdev.256This article is categorized under:

Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development
Comparative Development and Evolution > Organ System Comparisons Between Species
Comparative Development and Evolution > Evolutionary Novelties
Anatomical Variations of the Venous Drainage from the Left Adrenal Gland: An Anatomical Study
Authors: Siebert Matthieu , Robert Yohann , Didier Romain , Minster Antonin , M’sallaoui Wassila , Bellier Alexandre , Chaffanjon Philippe C. J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundFor radiologists, the venous drainage of adrenal glands is a key to the technique of selective adrenal venous sampling. For endocrine surgeons, it is key to adrenalectomy for carcinoma and pheochromocytoma. This study aims to demonstrate direct anastomosis between the left adrenal vein, the diaphragmatic circulation and the azygos system. Anatomical textbooks only offer very little information concerning the left adrenal vein (LAV) and its potential anastomosis with the reno‐lumbo‐azygo trunk (RLAT) and the diaphragmatic circulation.MethodsBetween November 2014 and October 2015 in the LADAF (French Alps Anatomy Laboratory), we dissected 44 formalin‐fixed adult cadavers.ResultsWe found no direct anastomosis between the left adrenal vein and the reno‐azygo‐lumbar trunk and two anastomoses (4.5%) between the adrenal capsular vein and azygos system. A lumbo‐azygo trunk has been found 38 times (86.3%), drained 35 times (79.5%) into the left renal vein and 3 times (6.8%) into the left genital vein. An inferior phrenic vein ending into an adrenal vein was highlighted in all cases, 6 times (13.7%) in a double adrenal vein and 38 times (86.3%) in a single one.ConclusionsNo connections have been found between left adrenal vein and the RLAT, and frequency of the IPV is discordant with the literature. However, our findings concerning the capsular vessels’ anastomosis with the azygos system, inferior diaphragmatic flow and double adrenal vein could have two clinical applications: Firstly, the ligation of the adrenal vein solely is not enough to entirely interrupt the adrenal vein drainage, and secondly, sampling of hormones in the LAV could be underestimated because of the risk of dilution.
Overexpression of smORF YNR034W-A/EGO4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases the fermentative efficiency of Agave tequilana Weber must
Authors: Vargas-Maya Naurú Idalia , González-Hernández Gloria Angélica , Padilla-Guerrero Israel Enrique , Torres-Guzmán Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Fermentative processes are widely used to produce food, beverages and biofuels. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an efficient ethanol-producing microorganism. However, a concentration of high ethanol and other metabolites can affect yeast viability and decrease the ethanol yield. Many studies have focused on improving the fermentative efficiency, mostly through the genetic engineering of genes that have a direct impact on specific metabolic pathways. In the present study, we characterized a small open reading frame encoding a protein with an unknown function and biological role termed YNR034W-A. We analyzed the expression profile of the YNR034W-A gene during growth and glucose treatment, finding that it is expressed during the diauxic shift and stationary phase and is negatively regulated by glucose. We overexpressed the YNR034W-A gene in the BY4741 laboratory strain and a wild-type yeast strain (AR5) isolated during the Tequila fermentation process. Transformant derivatives of the AR5 strain showed an improved fermentative efficiency during fermentation of Agave tequilana Weber juice. We suggest that the improved fermentative efficiency is the result of a higher stress tolerance response in the YNR034W-A overexpressing transformant.
Proposed recommendations for diagnosing and managing individuals with glutaric aciduria type I: second revision
Authors: Boy Nikolas , Mühlhausen Chris , Maier Esther M. , Heringer Jana , Assmann Birgit , Burgard Peter , Dixon Marjorie , Fleissner Sandra , Greenberg Cheryl R. , Harting Inga , Hoffmann Georg F. , Karall Daniela , Koeller David M. , Krawinkel Michael B. , Okun Jürgen G. , Opladen Thomas , Posset Roland , Sahm Katja , Zschocke Johannes , Kölker Stefan ,   Additional individual contributors
Published: November 2016

AbstractGlutaric aciduria type I (GA‐I; synonym, glutaric acidemia type I) is a rare inherited metabolic disease caused by deficiency of glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase located in the catabolic pathways of L‐lysine, L‐hydroxylysine, and L‐tryptophan. The enzymatic defect results in elevated concentrations of glutaric acid, 3‐hydroxyglutaric acid, glutaconic acid, and glutaryl carnitine in body tissues, which can be reliably detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (organic acids) and tandem mass spectrometry (acylcarnitines). Most untreated individuals with GA‐I experience acute encephalopathic crises during the first 6 years of life that are triggered by infectious diseases, febrile reaction to vaccinations, and surgery. These crises result in striatal injury and consequent dystonic movement disorder; thus, significant mortality and morbidity results. In some patients, neurologic disease may also develop without clinically apparent crises at any age. Neonatal screening for GA‐I us being used in a growing number of countries worldwide and is cost effective. Metabolic treatment, consisting of low lysine diet, carnitine supplementation, and intensified emergency treatment during catabolism, is effective treatment and improves neurologic outcome in those individuals diagnosed early; treatment after symptom onset, however, is less effective. Dietary treatment is relaxed after age 6 years and should be supervised by specialized metabolic centers. The major aim of this second revision of proposed recommendations is to re‐evaluate the previous recommendations (Kölker et al. J Inherit Metab Dis 30:5‐22, 2007b; J Inherit Metab Dis 34:677‐694, 2011) and add new research findings, relevant clinical aspects, and the perspective of affected individuals.
Factors Influencing the Decision‐Making Process and Long‐Term Interpersonal Outcomes for Parents Who Undergo Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Fanconi Anemia: a Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Haude K. , McCarthy Veach P. , LeRoy B. , Zierhut H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by congenital malformations, progressive bone marrow failure, and predisposition to malignancy. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used to treat FA, and best results are attained with sibling donors who are human leukocyte antigen (HLA) identical matches. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) offers parents of an affected child the opportunity to have an unaffected child who is an HLA match. While some research has investigated parents’ experiences during the PGD process, no published studies specifically address factors influencing their decision‐making process and long‐term interpersonal outcomes. The aims of this study are to: (1) examine parents’ expectations and the influence of media, bioethics, and religion on their decision to undergo PGD; (2) examine parents’ social support and emotional experiences during their PGD process; and (3) characterize long‐term effects of PGD on relationship dynamics (partner, family, friends), others’ attitudes, and parental regret. Nine parents participated in semi‐structured interviews. Thematic analysis revealed their decision to use PGD was variously influenced by media, bioethics, and religion, in particular, affecting parents’ initial confidence levels. Moreover, the PGD process was emotionally complex, with parents desiring varying amounts and types of support from different sources at different times. Parents reported others’ attitudes towards them were similar or no different than before PGD. Parental regret regarding PGD was negligible. Results of this study will promote optimization of long‐term care for FA families.
Comparison of Revision Rates of Non-modular Constrained Versus Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Moussa Mohamed E. , Lee Yuo-yu , Westrich Geoffrey H. , Mehta Nabil , Lyman Stephen , Marx Robert G. 
Published: November 2016

Background Attaining stability during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is essential for a successful outcome. Although traditional constrained total knee prostheses have generally been used in conjunction with intramedullary stems, some devices have been widely used without the use of stems, referred to as non-modular constrained condylar total knee arthroplasty (NMCCK). Questions/Purposes The aim of this study was to compare revisions rates after total knee replacement with a non-modular constrained condylar total knee (NMCCK) compared to a posterior-stabilized (PS) design. Methods Between 2007 and 2012, primary PS total knees were compared with NMCCK implants from the same manufacturer. Propensity score matching was performed, and implant survivorship was examined using a Cox proportional hazards model. The cohort consisted of 817 PS knees and 817 NMCCKs matched for patient demographics, surgeon volume, and pre-operative diagnosis. Results All cause revisions occurred in 11 of 817 (1.35%) in the PS group compared to 28 of 817 (3.43%) in the NMCCK group ( p = 0.0168). Excluding revisions for infection and fracture, 8 of 817 (0.98%) PS knees required revision for mechanical failure compared to 18 of 817 (2.20%) NMCCK knees ( p = 0.0193). Conclusions While revisions rates in both cohorts were low, there was a significantly higher revision rate with NMCCKs. Given that cases requiring the use of NMCCK implants are likely more complex than those in which PS implants are used, our findings support the judicious use of NMCCK prostheses.
The roles of ebolavirus glycoproteins in viral
pathogenesis
Authors: Ning Yun-Jia , Deng Fei , Hu Zhihong , Wang Hualin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEbolaviruses are highly dangerous pathogens exhibiting extreme virulence in humans
and nonhuman primates. The majority of ebolavirus species, most notably Zaire ebolavirus, can cause Ebola virus disease (EVD),
formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, in humans. EVD is associated with
case-fatality rates as high as 90%, and there is currently no specific treatment or
licensed vaccine available against EVD. Understanding the molecular biology and
pathogenesis of ebolaviruses is important for the development of antiviral
therapeutics. Ebolavirus encodes several forms of glycoproteins (GPs), which have
some interesting characteristics, including the transcriptional editing coding
strategy and extensive O-glycosylation modification, clustered in the mucin-like
domain of GP1, full-length GP (GP1,2), and shed GP. In
addition to the canonical role of the spike protein, GP1,2,
in viral entry, ebolavirus GPs appear to have multiple additional functions, likely
contributing to the complex pathogenesis of the virus. Here, we review the roles of
ebolavirus GPs in viral pathogenesis.
Hierarchical model-based inference for forest inventory utilizing three sources of information
Authors: Saarela Svetlana , Holm Sören , Grafström Anton , Schnell Sebastian , Næsset Erik , Gregoire Timothy G. , Nelson Ross F. , Ståhl Göran 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
∙ Key message

The study presents novel model-based estimators for growing stock volume and its uncertainty estimation, combining a sparse sample of field plots, a sample of laser data, and wall-to-wall Landsat data. On the basis of our detailed simulation, we show that when the uncertainty of estimating mean growing stock volume on the basis of an intermediate ALS model is not accounted for, the estimated variance of the estimator can be biased by as much as a factor of three or more, depending on the sample size at the various stages of the design.

∙ Context

This study concerns model-based inference for estimating growing stock volume in large-area forest inventories, combining wall-to-wall Landsat data, a sample of laser data, and a sparse subsample of field data.

∙ Aims

We develop and evaluate novel estimators and variance estimators for the population mean volume, taking into account the uncertainty in two model steps.

∙ Methods

Estimators and variance estimators were derived for two main methodological approaches and evaluated through Monte Carlo simulation. The first approach is known as two-stage least squares regression, where Landsat data were used to predict laser predictor variables, thus emulating the use of wall-to-wall laser data. In the second approach laser data were used to predict field-recorded volumes, which were subsequently used as response variables in modeling the relationship between Landsat and field data.

Results

∙ The estimators and variance estimators are shown to be at least approximately unbiased. Under certain assumptions the two methods provide identical results with regard to estimators and similar results with regard to estimated variances.

∙ Conclusion

We show that ignoring the uncertainty due to one of the models leads to substantial underestimation of the variance, when two models are involved in the estimation procedure.
Continuity and density results for a one-phase nonlocal free boundary problem
Authors: Dipierro Serena , Valdinoci Enrico 
Published: November 2016

We consider a one-phase nonlocal free boundary problem obtained by the superposition of a fractional Dirichlet energy plus a nonlocal perimeter functional. We prove that the minimizers are Hölder continuous and the free boundary has positive density from both sides.
For this, we also introduce a new notion of fractional harmonic replacement in the extended variables and we study its basic properties.
Constructing Arctic security: an inter-disciplinary approach to understanding security in the Barents region
Authors: Hossain Kamrul , Zojer Gerald , Greaves Wilfrid , Roncero J. Miguel , Sheehan Michael 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe field of Security Studies traditionally focused on military threats to states' survival, however, since the end of the Cold War the concept of security has widened and individuals and communities have gradually become viewed as appropriate referent objects of security: Multifaceted challenges facing communities at the sub-state level are increasingly regarded as security threats, including their potential to cause instability for the larger society, thus affecting states’ security. In the Arctic region, a central challenge is that inhabitants are exposed to multiple non-traditional and non-military threats resulting from environmental, economic, and societal changes, which can be understood as threats tohuman security. We argue that a comprehensive approach to human security overlaps with the concept ofsocietal security, and must therefore consider threats to collective identity and the essential conditions necessary for the maintenance and preservation of a distinct society. We see the human security framework as a suitable analytical tool to study the specific challenges that threaten the Arctic population, and in turn the well-being of Arctic societies. Therefore, we argue that utilising the concept of human security can promote societal security in the context of the Arctic, and in particular, its sub-regions, for example, the Barents region.
Trading accuracy for speed in approximate consensus
Authors: Beal Jacob 
Published: November 2016

AbstractApproximate consensus is an important building block for distributed systems, used overtly or implicitly in applications as diverse as formation control, sensor fusion, and synchronization. Laplacian-based consensus, the current dominant approach, is extremely accurate and resilient, but converges slowly. Comparing Laplacian-based consensus to exact consensus algorithms, relaxing the requirements for accuracy and resilience should enable a spectrum of algorithms that incrementally tradeoff accuracy and/or resilience for speed. This manuscript demonstrates that may be so by beginning to populate this spectrum with a new approach to approximate consensus, Power-Law-Driven Consensus (PLD-consensus), which accelerates consensus by sending values across long distances using a self-organizing overlay network. Both a unidirectional and bidirectional algorithm based on this approach are studied. Although both have the same asymptotic O(diameter) convergence time (vs. O(diameter2) for Laplacian-based), unidirectional PLD-consensus is faster and more resilient than bidirectional PLD-consensus, but exhibits higher variance in the converged value.
Public preferences for species conservation: choosing between lethal control, habitat protection and no action
Authors: LUTE MICHELLE L. , ATTARI SHAHZEEN Z. 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYDespite increasing support for conservation efforts, humans exert strong negative forces on nature and disagree over the management of these effects. Conflicts over conservation policy may reflect evolving opinions about how people ought to conserve species and whether to intervene in various processes. To understand public preferences for conservation in the USA, we measured support for various strategies in five case studies, where we pitted one species against another in simplified but realistic scenarios. Among our online convenience sample of 1040 participants, we found the majority of participants favoured habitat protection in all but one case, and there was little acceptance of lethal control across all cases. The results reveal that habitat protection preferences positively relate to considerations of moral principles and ecosystems and negatively relate to economic and practical considerations. Older, conservative and male participants were less likely to support habitat protection and more likely to support no action. The results suggest broad support for holistic nature conservation that benefits both people and nature and highlight areas where current wildlife management may not align with public preferences. Controversy may continue until wildlife management policies are consistent with societal values and address moral and ecosystem considerations at multiple levels.