bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zeta Functions of Discrete Self-similar Sets and Applications to Point Configuration and Sum–Product-Type Problems
Authors: Essouabri Driss , Lichtin Ben 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this paper we first prove analytical properties of zeta functions for discrete subsets of ${\mathbb{R}}^{n}$ that exhibit “self-similarity” with respect to an arbitrary finite set of (affine) similarities. We then show how such properties help solve Point Configuration resp. Sum–Product-Type problems over ${\mathbb{Z}}$. We do so by first extending a classic one-variable Tauberian theorem of Ingham to several variables to derive a nontrivial lower bound on the average of coefficients of an appropriate multivariate zeta function. We then combine this with well-known results from Diophantine Geometry that prove uniform bounds for the density of lattice points in families of algebraic hypersurfaces.
Better or Different? How Political Ideology Shapes Preferences for Differentiation in the Social Hierarchy
Authors: Ordabayeva Nailya , Fernandes Daniel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
As consumers’ political opinions become more divided and more central to their identities, it is important to understand how political ideology shapes consumers’ attempts to differentiate from others in the marketplace. Seven studies demonstrate that political ideology systematically influences consumers’ preferences for differentiation. Conservative ideology leads consumers to differentiate from others vertically in the social hierarchy through products that signal that they are better than others, and liberal ideology leads consumers to differentiate from others horizontally in the social hierarchy through products that signal that they are unique from others. This happens because conservatism endorses, and liberalism opposes, the belief that the dominance-based hierarchical social structure is a legitimate mechanism to distinguish individual qualities. The effect is robust across measured and manipulated ideology, hypothetical and real product choices, and online searches in conservative and liberal US states. Manipulating consumers’ differentiation goals and perceptions of hierarchy legitimacy mitigates the effect. The findings advance existing research on political ideology, social hierarchy, and consumer divergence, and they contribute to marketing practice.
Putting It Into Practice—Emotion Exposures
Authors: Barlow David H. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Farchione Todd J. , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Chapter 11 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Workbook explains what emotion exposures are and why they are so important. Facing strong emotions give us the opportunity to learn that (a) any uncomfortable emotions we feel are temporary—even without engaging in any avoidance, our negative emotions will eventually subside; (b) we can cope with negative emotions better than we thought; and (c) we can perform tasks and activities that are important to us even when experiencing strong emotions. The chapter teaches how to design effective emotion exposure exercises as well as to develop an emotion exposure hierarchy. We then repeatedly practice confronting strong emotions through emotion exposure exercises.
Human C-to-U Coding RNA Editing Is Largely Nonadaptive
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhang Jianzhi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
C-to-U RNA editing enzymatically converts the base C to U in RNA molecules and could lead to nonsynonymous changes when occurring in coding regions. Hundreds to thousands of coding sites were recently found to be C-to-U edited or editable in humans, but the biological significance of this phenomenon is elusive. Here, we test the prevailing hypothesis that nonsynonymous editing is beneficial because it provides a means for tissue- or time-specific regulation of protein function that may be hard to accomplish by mutations due to pleiotropy. The adaptive hypothesis predicts that the fraction of sites edited and the median proportion of RNA molecules edited (i.e., editing level) are both higher for nonsynonymous than synonymous editing. However, our empirical observations are opposite to these predictions. Furthermore, the frequency of nonsynonymous editing, relative to that of synonymous editing, declines as genes become functionally more important or evolutionarily more constrained, and the nonsynonymous editing level at a site is negatively correlated with the evolutionary conservation of the site. Together, these findings refute the adaptive hypothesis; they instead indicate that the reported C-to-U coding RNA editing is mostly slightly deleterious or neutral, probably resulting from off-target activities of editing enzymes. Along with similar conclusions on the more prevalent A-to-I editing and m6A modification of coding RNAs, our study suggests that, at least in humans, most events of each type of posttranscriptional coding RNA modification likely manifest cellular errors rather than adaptations, demanding a paradigm shift in the research of posttranscriptional modification.
The employer response to the guaranteed annual income
Authors: Calnitsky David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHow do firms react when the whole labor force has access to a guaranteed income? One view argues that the guaranteed income is an employer subsidy, facilitating low wages and a ‘low-road’ industrial strategy. The second view suggests that in providing an alternative to work, the guaranteed income tightens labor markets and pulls wages up. This article examines the impact of an understudied social experiment from the late 1970s called the Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment, or Mincome. This research focuses on Mincome’s ‘saturation’ site, the town of Dauphin, Manitoba, where all residents were eligible for unconditional payments. Using an archived survey of local firms that inquires into wage rates, applications, hiring, and work hours, I find support for the second view. I close by examining the mechanisms behind the employer subsidy argument and considering the conditions under which a variety of income-support policies might increase or decrease wages, and more broadly, foster compromise or conflict in the labor market.
Comparing clinician use of three ankle fracture classifications
Authors: Cordova Christopher B. , Dunn John C. , Kusnezov Nicholas , Bader Julia M. , Waterman Brian R. , Orr Justin D. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
This study evaluated the accuracy and interrater reliability of US Army physician assistants (PAs) in identifying ankle fracture patterns using existing classification schemes.

Methods:
Twenty-eight PAs reviewed criteria for stability, Danis-Weber, and Lauge-Hansen ankle fracture classification systems. Participants reviewed 45 ankle radiographs and independently rated each radiograph using these classification schemes.

Results:
Participants were able to successfully identify ankle fracture stability in 82.1% of cases (95% CI, 77.6, 86.6) with established criteria. Using the Danis-Weber classification, accurate classification was achieved in 77.8% of cases (95% CI, 72.8, 82.7). The Lauge-Hansen classification system was least reliable, with accuracy of 54.5% (95% CI, 46, 63).

Conclusion:
Referring PAs can reliably discern unstable ankle fractures in more than 80% of cases. Lauge-Hansen classification was significantly less accurate than the Danis-Weber system or criteria for stability. Good communication between orthopedic surgeons and PAs and an emphasis on PA orthopedic education can improve patient care.
Thoracic outlet syndrome presenting with subclavian vein thrombosis
Authors: Carpenetti Paige E. , Grosel John M. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Thoracic outlet syndrome can present with a wide variety of upper extremity neurovascular symptoms. Timely clinical recognition is essential for prompt treatment and maximal recovery. This article describes a case of thoracic outlet syndrome in a volleyball player with an underlying hypercoagulable state who presented with a subclavian vein thrombosis.
Excessive Dosing of Obeticholic Acid May Increase Risk of Liver Damage
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: January 2018

The Food and Drug Administration is warning that excessive dosing of obeticholic acid (Ocaliva) appears to increase the risk of liver damage and death.Obeticholic acid is used in the treatment of a rare chronic liver disease, primary biliary cholangitis.
Caring for Aging Skin
Authors: Kirkland-Kyhn Holly , Zaratkiewicz Sunniva , Teleten Oleg , Young Heather M. 
Published: January 2018

This article is part of a series, Supporting Family Caregivers: No Longer Home Alone, published in collaboration with the AARP Public Policy Institute. Results of focus groups, conducted as part of the AARP Public Policy Institute's No Longer Home Alone video project, supported evidence that family caregivers aren't given the information they need to manage the complex care regimens of family members. This series of articles and accompanying videos aims to help nurses provide caregivers with the tools they need to manage their family member's health care at home.
The articles in this new installment of the series provide simple and useful instructions that nurses should reinforce with family caregivers who perform wound care tasks. Each article also includes an informational tear sheet—Information for Family Caregivers—that contains links to instructional videos. To use this series, nurses should read the article first, so they understand how best to help family caregivers, and then encourage caregivers to watch the videos and ask questions. For additional information, see Resources for Nurses.
Cataract Surgery is Associated with Lower Mortality in Older Women
Authors: Rosenberg Karen 
Published: January 2018

According to this study:

Older women who undergo cataract surgery have a lower risk of total and cause-specific mortality than those who have cataracts but don't have the procedure.This result doesn't prove a causal relationship between cataract surgery and reduced mortality, however; factors such as higher socioeconomic status and a healthier lifestyle could also explain this association.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Stable Angina
Authors: Rosenberg Karen 
Published: January 2018

According to this study:

The first blinded, placebo-controlled trial of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable angina showed no significant difference in exercise time or angina symptom relief compared with patients who had a placebo intervention.However, the authors note that percutaneous coronary intervention shouldn't be ruled out for the management of stable angina.
What Is the Evidence for Use of a Supplemental Feeding Tube Device as an Alternative Supplemental Feeding Method for Breastfed Infants?
Authors: Penny Frances , Judge Michelle , Brownell Elizabeth , McGrath Jacqueline M. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
According to the Healthy People 2020 goals, the sustainability of breastfeeding duration rates within the United States has not been achieved. To increase these rates, it is important that women with breastfeeding difficulties receive the support needed to continue breastfeeding. When supplementation occurs, it is essential that the breastfeeding relationship be preserved. Various methods of supplementation are often recommended including use of the supplemental feeding tube device (SFTD).

Purpose:
The question guiding this brief is “What evidence exists to support the use of an SFTD as a method of supplementation for breastfed infants?”

Search Strategy:
The PubMed and CINAHL databases were queried for original research published in English from 1990 through July 2016. Search terms included “supplemental feeding tube,” “breastfeeding,” “term infants,” “premature infants,” “Supplemental Nursing System,” “Lact-aid,” and “supply line.”

Findings:
Very limited research exists on the use of SFTDs as a method of supplementation for breastfed infants; however, existing research suggests that an SFTD may be useful as a supplementation method for breastfed infants. High-quality research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of using an SFTD for supporting exclusive and all breastfeeding rates.

Implications for Practice:
Nurses and providers need to be educated and trained in the use of SFTDs as well as all supplemental feeding methods. Information on efficacy and SFTD use should also be included in policies related to breastfeeding and human milk use.

Implications for Research:
Further research should determine best methods of supplementation for breastfed infants and should examine differences in breastfeeding rates when using the SFTD for supplementation.
Nursing Assessment of Intra-abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in the Neonate
Authors: Reitsma Jenifer , Schumacher Bette 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Abdominal compartment syndrome in the surgical neonate is a low-frequency, high-risk occurrence that if overlooked is often accompanied with long-term sequelae and sometimes death. The importance of early detection of signs and symptoms through expert nursing assessment cannot be overstated.

Purpose:
To review the components of nursing assessment as it applies to detection of abdominal compartment syndrome in the surgical neonate and its relationship to the pathophysiology.

Methods/Search Strategy:
Detailed search of the nursing and medical literature.

Implications for Practice:
The purpose of this article is to describe the onset of abdominal compartment syndrome in the neonate. Early detection of this low-frequency, high-risk occurrence hinges on expert nursing assessment. Complications of abdominal compartment syndrome in the neonate involve bowel perforation, short bowel syndrome, and sometimes death. Components of this expert nursing assessment and its relationship to the pathophysiology of compartment syndrome are presented.
Predicting Survival in Patients Treated With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pabst Dirk , Foy Andrew J. , Peterson Brandon , Soleimani Behzad , Brehm Christoph E. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
Acute myocardial infarction is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock. Although the number of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock who were treated with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation increased during the last decade, detailed data on survival are lacking. We sought to analyze covariates that were independently associated with survival in this patient population and to externally validate the newly developed prEdictioN of Cardiogenic shock OUtcome foR Acute myocardial infarction patients salvaGed by venoarterial Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ENCOURAGE) score.

Design:
Retrospective clinical study.

Setting:
A single academic teaching hospital.

Patients:
Adult patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock who were supported by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from June 2008 to September 2016.

Interventions:
Fourteen individual variables were assessed for their association with the primary endpoint. These variables were prespecified by the study team as being the most likely to affect survival. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was also performed to test the ability of the ENCOURAGE score to predict survival in this patient cohort.

Measurements and Main Results:
The primary endpoint of the study was in-hospital survival. A total of 61 patients were included in the analysis. Thirty-seven (60.7%) could be weaned from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and 36 (59.0%) survived. Survival was significantly higher in patients less than 65 years old (odds ratio, 14.6 [CI, 2.5–84.0]; p = 0.003), whose body mass index was less than 32 kg/m2 (odds ratio, 5.5 [CI, 1.2–25.4]; p = 0.029) and international normalized ratio was less than 2 (odds ratio, 7.3 [CI, 1.3–40.1]; p = 0.022). In patients where the first lactate drawn was less than 3 mmol/L, the survival was not significantly higher (odds ratio, 4.4 [CI, 0.6–32.6]; p = 0.147). The C-statistic for predicting survival using a modified version of the ENCOURAGE score, which replaced prothrombin activity less than 50% with an international normalized ratio greater than 2, was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.61–0.87).

Conclusions:
In this single-center study, several important covariates were associated with improved survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock who were supported by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the ENCOURAGE score was found to be externally valid for predicting survival to hospital discharge.
Acute Kidney Injury and Subsequent Frailty Status in Survivors of Critical Illness: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Abdel-Kader Khaled , Girard Timothy D. , Brummel Nathan E. , Saunders Christina T. , Blume Jeffrey D. , Clark Amanda J. , Vincz Andrew J. , Ely E. Wesley , Jackson James C. , Bell Susan P. , Archer Kristin R. , Ikizler T. Alp , Pandharipande Pratik P. , Siew Edward D. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
Acute kidney injury frequently complicates critical illness and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Frailty is common in critical illness survivors, but little is known about the impact of acute kidney injury. We examined the association of acute kidney injury and frailty within a year of hospital discharge in survivors of critical illness.

Design:
Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Medical/surgical ICU of a U.S. tertiary care medical center.

Patients:
Three hundred seventeen participants with respiratory failure and/or shock.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Acute kidney injury was determined using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stages. Clinical frailty status was determined using the Clinical Frailty Scale at 3 and 12 months following discharge. Covariates included mean ICU Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score as well as baseline comorbidity (i.e., Charlson Comorbidity Index), kidney function, and Clinical Frailty Scale score. Of 317 patients, 243 (77%) had acute kidney injury and one in four patients with acute kidney injury was frail at baseline. In adjusted models, acute kidney injury stages 1, 2, and 3 were associated with higher frailty scores at 3 months (odds ratio, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.14–3.24; odds ratio, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.31–4.42; and odds ratio, 4.41; 95% CI, 2.20–8.82, respectively). At 12 months, a similar association of acute kidney injury stages 1, 2, and 3 and higher Clinical Frailty Scale score was noted (odds ratio, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.11–3.14; odds ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.94–3.48; and odds ratio, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.34–5.66, respectively). In supplemental and sensitivity analyses, analogous patterns of association were observed.

Conclusions:
Acute kidney injury in survivors of critical illness predicted worse frailty status 3 and 12 months postdischarge. These findings have important implications on clinical decision making among acute kidney injury survivors and underscore the need to understand the drivers of frailty to improve patient-centered outcomes.
Suture Technique to Prevent Air Leakage during Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy in Fournier Gangrene
Authors: Chang Feng-Shu , Chou Chieh , Hu Chuan-Yu , Huang Shu-Hung 
Published: January 2018

Background:
The use of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for Fournier gangrene management is well documented; however, it is difficult to fixate GranuFoam dressings and maintain an airtight seal over the perineum area. We developed a simple method to facilitate GranuFoam fixation and improve airtight sealing.

Methods:
The Fournier’s gangrene severity index (FGSI) score less than 9 was collected in from January 2015 to October 2016. All 13 patients underwent fasciotomy, and NPWT was applied directly on fasciotomy wounds after the debridement of infected tissue. Partial wound closure was performed, and a portion of GranuFoam was inserted to facilitate fixation. The seal check was converted to a 0–10 scale score that was recorded every 4 hours during NPWT. Patient profiles including medical history, FGSI, method of wound closure, and length of stay were collected in this study.

Results:
The median age of the patients was 62 (38–76) years. The mean FGSI score was 4.3 ± 3.1. The average duration of NPWT was 17.5 ± 11.5 days, and the average seal check score was 0.8 ± 0.5. No seal check alarms were noted during the study. Successful wound closure was achieved in all patients without using additional reconstruction methods such as skin grafting or muscle flap coverage.

Conclusions:
The present results suggest that partial wound-edge closure and in situ GranuFoam fixation improve the NPWT leaks in Fournier gangrene wounds. Furthermore, this method is simple to learn and can be useful in applying NPWT to anatomically difficult areas.
TOXIC EFFECTS OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE ON THE CHOROID
Authors: Ahn Seong Joon , Ryu So Jung , Lim Han Woong , Lee Byung Ro 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To investigate the choroidal changes that occur in hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy using multimodal imaging including fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography and to correlate these changes with retinal findings obtained using OCT and fundus autofluorescence.

Methods:
In 20 patients (n = 40 eyes) with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed to have HCQ retinopathy, imaging modalities including swept-source OCT, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and OCT angiography were used to evaluate retinal and choroidal changes associated with retinopathy. The assessments included specific findings such as presence of hyperfluorescent or hypofluorescent lesions on angiography and signal void zones on OCT angiography, their frequencies, and the correlations among the retinal and choroidal findings. These findings were also correlated with the severity of retinopathy. Retinopathy progression was defined using fundus autofluorescence and OCT and correlated with the retinal/choroidal findings.

Results:
Fluorescein angiography demonstrated a hyperfluorescent area, which reflects a defective retinal pigment epithelium, with multiple tiny dark spots within the area. Indocyanine green angiography showed a hypofluorescent area with dark spots, which was matched to the hypoautofluorescent area on fundus autofluorescence. Although there were no specific morphologic abnormalities in the choroid layers using en face choroidal imaging, OCT angiography demonstrated signal void areas on the choriocapillaris in the areas of the retinal pigment epithelium defect. Even after cessation of HCQ, there was progression of retinopathy in eyes with choroidal involvement, particularly on the area of choroidal findings.

Conclusion:
Multimodal imaging demonstrates choriocapillaris degeneration in eyes with HCQ retinopathy, particularly those with severe retinopathy. The choroidal change was associated with outer retinal toxicity of HCQ.