bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infant feeding practices and dietary consumption of US infants and toddlers: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2012
Authors: Davis Kathleen E , Li Xilong , Adams-Huet Beverley , Sandon Lona 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare infant and toddler anthropometric measurements, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes by race/ethnicity and income.DesignCross-sectional analysis using general linear modelling. Ten years of survey data (2003–2012) were combined to compare anthropometric measurements, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes from a nationally representative US sample.SettingThe 2003–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).SubjectsInfants and toddlers (n3669) aged 0–24 months.ResultsRates of overweight were higher among Mexican-American infants and toddlers (P=0·002). There were also several differences in feeding practices among groups based on race/ethnicity. Cessation of breast-feeding occurred earlier for non-Hispanic black and Mexican-Americanv. non-Hispanic white infants (3·6 and 4·2v. 5·3 months;P<0·0001;P=0·001). Age at first feeding of solids was earlier for white than Mexican-American infants (5·3v. 5·7 months;P=0·02). There were differences in almost all feeding practices based on income, including the lowest-income infants stopped breast-feeding earlier than the highest-income infants (3·2v. 5·8 months,P<0·0001). Several differences in mean nutrient intakes by both race/ethnicity and income were also identified.ConclusionsOur study indicates that disparities in overweight, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes exist among infants and toddlers according to race/ethnicity, which cannot be disentangled from income.
Practical lookup tables for ensuring target coverage in a clinical setup for skin cancer electron therapy
Authors: Lee Yongsook C. , Kim Yongbok 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimTo create practical lookup tables containing percent depth dose (PDD) and profile parameters of electron beams and to demonstrate clinical application of the lookup tables to skin cancer treatment to ensure target coverage in a clinical setup.Materials and methodsFor 6 and 9 MeV electron energies, PDDs and profiles at clinically relevant depths [i.e., R95 (distal depth of 95% maximum dose), R90, R85 and R80] were measured in water at 100 cm source-to-surface distance for an 10×10 cm2 open field and circular cutouts with diameters of 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 cm. Then PDD parameters along with profile parameters such as width of isodose lines and penumbra at the clinically relevant depths were determined. Output factors for the cutouts were measured at dmax in water and solid water.ResultsWith PDD and profile parameters, dosimetry lookup tables were generated. Based upon the lookup tables, target coverage at prescribed depths was retrospectively reviewed for three skin cancer cases. The lookup tables suggested larger cutouts for adequate target coverage.FindingsDosimetry lookup tables for electron beam therapy should include profile parameters at clinically relevant depths and be provided to clinicians to ensure target coverage in a clinical setup.
Dosimetric variations in calculation grid size in prostate VMAT: a dose-volume histogram analysis using the Gaussian error function
Authors: Chow James C. L. , Jiang Runqing , Markel Daniel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundVarying the calculation grid size can change the results of dose-volume and radiobiological parameters in a treatment plan, and therefore has an impact on the treatment planning quality assurance.PurposeThis study investigated the dosimetric influence of the calculation grid size variation in the prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plan.Methods and materialsDose distributions of 10 prostate VMAT plans were acquired using calculation grid sizes of 1–5 mm. Dose-volume histogram (DVH) analysis was carried out to determine the dose-volume variation corresponding to the grid size change using the Gaussian error function (GEF). At the same time, dose-volume points, dose-volume parameters and radiobiological parameters were calculated based on DVHs of targets and organs at risk (OARs) for each grid size.ResultsComparing percentage variations of GEF parameters between the planning target volume (PTV) and clinical target volume (CTV), GEF parameters of the PTV were found varied more significantly than the CTV. This resulted in larger variations of dose-volume (%ΔCI=40·02 versus 13·55%, %ΔHI=12·45 versus 2·93% and %ΔGI=0·22 versus 0·06%) and radiobiological parameters (%ΔTCP=0·61 versus 0·25% and %ΔEUD=2·11 versus 0·26%) of the PTV compared with CTV. For OARs, the rectal wall showed a larger dose-volume variation than the rectum. However, similar dose-volume variation due to grid size change was not found in the bladder, bladder wall and femur.ConclusionsKnowing the dosimetric variation in this study is important to the radiotherapy staff in the quality assurance for the prostate VMAT planning.
Antibiotic resistance trends and mechanisms in the foodborne pathogen,Campylobacter
Authors: Tang Yizhi , Fang Liangxing , Xu Changyun , Zhang Qijing 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCampylobacteris a major foodborne pathogen and is commonly present in food producing animals. This pathogenic organism is highly adaptable and has become increasingly resistant to various antibiotics. Recently, both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization have designated antibiotic-resistantCampylobacteras a serious threat to public health. For the past decade, multiple mechanisms conferring resistance to clinically important antibiotics have been described inCampylobacter, and new resistance mechanisms constantly emerge in the pathogen. Some of the recent examples include theerm(B)gene conferring macrolide resistance, thecfr(C)genes mediating resistance to florfenicol and other antimicrobials, and a functionally enhanced variant of the multidrug resistance efflux pump, CmeABC. The continued emergence of new resistance mechanisms illustrates the extraordinary adaptability ofCampylobacterto antibiotic selection pressure and demonstrate the need for innovative strategies to control antibiotic-resistantCampylobacter. In this review, we will briefly summarize the trends of antibiotic resistance inCampylobacterand discuss the mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics used for animal production and important for clinical therapy in humans. A special emphasis will be given to the newly discovered antibiotic resistance.
The economic impact of legislation and litigation on growth: a historical analysis of Italy from its unification to World War II
Authors: DI VITA GIUSEPPE , DI VITA FABIO , CAFISO GIANLUCA 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper aims to evaluate the impact of Italy's unification on its economic growth from 1861 to the outbreak of World War II. This historical analysis attempts to prove that the process of legislative harmonization intrinsic to the unification had a positive effect on Italy's GDP because legislative uniformity facilitates economic transactions. Moreover a uniform and more effective legislation would have caused less litigation and therefore favoured economic growth, thanks to smoother relations between economic agents.
A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words
Authors: Goyal Namrata , Wice Matthew , Kinsbourne Marcel , Castano Emanuele 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. We examined the relationship between cognitive style, empathy, and willingness to help. In Study 1 (N = 186), we measured preference for visuospatial or verbal cognitive style using the ZenQ ( Zenhausern, 1978 ), and empathy using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index ( Davis, 1983 ). In Study 2 (N = 76), we experimentally elicited verbal or visual cognitive processing via priming and measured empathy in response to a vignette about a woman injured in a car accident. In both studies, we measured willingness to help by assessing participants’ willingness to assist the injured woman. Results showed that visuospatial cognitive processing increased empathy and willingness to help. Empathic concern mediated the relationship between cognitive style and willingness to help. Results highlight the importance of mental imagery in increasing empathy and helping.
Early-Career Researchers’ Perceptions of the Prevalence of	Questionable Research Practices, Potential Causes, and Open	Science
Authors: Stürmer Stefan , Oeberst Aileen , Trötschel Roman , Decker Oliver 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Young researchers of today will shape the field in the future. In light of current debates about social psychology’s research culture, this exploratory survey assessed early-career researchers’ beliefs (N = 88) about the prevalence of questionable research practices (QRPs), potential causes, and open science as a possible solution. While there was relative consensus that outright fraud is an exception, a majority of participants believed that some QRPs are moderately to highly prevalent what they attributed primarily to academic incentive structures. A majority of participants felt that open science is necessary to improve research practice. They indicated to consider some open science recommendations in the future, but they also indicated some reluctance. Limitation and implications of these findings are discussed.
Scaling relationships and theory for vibrational frequencies of adsorbates on transition metal surfaces
Authors: Lansford Joshua L. , Mironenko Alexander V. , Vlachos Dionisios G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAdsorbate vibrational excitations are an important fingerprint of molecule/surface interactions, affecting temperature contributions to the free energy and impacting reaction rate and equilibrium constants. Furthermore, vibrational spectra aid in identifying species and adsorption sites present in experimental studies. Despite their importance, knowledge of how adsorbate frequencies scale across materials is lacking. Here, by combining previously reported experimental data and our own density-functional theory calculations, we reveal linear correlations between vibrational frequencies of adsorbates on transition metal surfaces. Through effective-medium theory, linear muffin-tin orbital theory, and thed-band model, we rationalize the squares of the frequencies to be fundamentally linear in their scaling across transition metal surfaces. We identify the adsorbate-binding energy as a descriptor for certain molecular vibrations and rigorously relate errors in frequencies to errors in adsorption energies. We also discuss the impact of scaling on surface thermochemistry and adsorbate coverage.
Reactive molecular dynamic simulations on the gas separation performance of porous graphene membrane
Authors: Esfandiarpoor Somaye , Fazli Mostafa , Ganji Masoud Darvish 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe separation of gases molecules with similar diameter and shape is an important area of research. For example, the major challenge to set up sweeping carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) in power plants is the energy requisite to separate the CO2 from flue gas. Porous graphene has been proposed as superior material for highly selective membranes for gas separation. Here we design some models of porous graphene with different sizes and shape as well as employ double layers porous graphene for efficient CO2/H2 separation. The selectivity and permeability of gas molecules through various nanopores were investigated by using the reactive molecular dynamics simulation which considers the bond forming/breaking mechanism for all atoms. Furthermore, it uses a geometry-dependent charge calculation scheme that accounts appropriately for polarization effect which can play an important role in interacting systems. It was found that H-modified porous graphene membrane with pore diameter (short side) of about 3.75 Å has excellent selectivity for CO2/H2 separation. The mechanism of gas penetration through the sub-nanometer pore was presented for the first time. The accuracy of MD simulation results validated by valuable DFT method. The present findings show that reactive MD simulation can propose an economical means of separating gases mixture.
A Feline HFpEF Model with Pulmonary Hypertension and Compromised Pulmonary Function
Authors: Wallner Markus , Eaton Deborah M. , Berretta Remus M. , Borghetti Giulia , Wu Jichuan , Baker Sandy T. , Feldsott Eric A. , Sharp Thomas E. , Mohsin Sadia , Oyama Mark A. , von Lewinski Dirk , Post Heiner , Wolfson Marla R. , Houser Steven R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHeart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) represents a major public health problem. The causative mechanisms are multifactorial and there are no effective treatments for HFpEF, partially attributable to the lack of well-established HFpEF animal models. We established a feline HFpEF model induced by slow-progressive pressure overload. Male domestic short hair cats (n = 20), underwent either sham procedures (n = 8) or aortic constriction (n = 12) with a customized pre-shaped band. Pulmonary function, gas exchange, and invasive hemodynamics were measured at 4-months post-banding. In banded cats, echocardiography at 4-months revealed concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, left atrial (LA) enlargement and dysfunction, and LV diastolic dysfunction with preserved systolic function, which subsequently led to elevated LV end-diastolic pressures and pulmonary hypertension. Furthermore, LV diastolic dysfunction was associated with increased LV fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, elevated NT-proBNP plasma levels, fluid and protein loss in pulmonary interstitium, impaired lung expansion, and alveolar-capillary membrane thickening. We report for the first time in HFpEF perivascular fluid cuff formation around extra-alveolar vessels with decreased respiratory compliance. Ultimately, these cardiopulmonary abnormalities resulted in impaired oxygenation. Our findings support the idea that this model can be used for testing novel therapeutic strategies to treat the ever growing HFpEF population.
Interaction profiling of RNA-binding ubiquitin ligases reveals a link between posttranscriptional regulation and the ubiquitin system
Authors: Hildebrandt Andrea , Alanis-Lobato Gregorio , Voigt Andrea , Zarnack Kathi , Andrade-Navarro Miguel A. , Beli Petra , König Julian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRNA-binding ubiquitin ligases (RBULs) have the potential to link RNA-mediated mechanisms to protein ubiquitylation. Despite this, the cellular functions, substrates and interaction partners of most RBULs remain poorly characterized. Affinity purification (AP) combined with quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is a powerful approach for analyzing protein functions. Mapping the physiological interaction partners of RNA-binding proteins has been hampered by their intrinsic properties, in particular the existence of low-complexity regions, which are prone to engage in non-physiological interactions. Here, we used an adapted AP approach to identify the interaction partners of human RBULs harboring different RNA-binding domains. To increase the likelihood of recovering physiological interactions, we combined control and bait-expressing cells prior to lysis. In this setup, only stable interactions that were originally present in the cell will be identified. We exploit gene function similarity between the bait proteins and their interactors to benchmark our approach in its ability to recover physiological interactions. We reveal that RBULs engage in stable interactions with RNA-binding proteins involved in different steps of RNA metabolism as well as with components of the ubiquitin conjugation machinery and ubiquitin-binding proteins. Our results thus demonstrate their capacity to link posttranscriptional regulation with the ubiquitin system.
The XXL Survey
Authors: Farahi Arya , Guglielmo Valentina , Evrard August E. , Poggianti Bianca M. , Adami Christophe , Ettori Stefano , Gastaldello Fabio , Giles Paul A. , Maughan Ben J. , Rapetti David , Sereno Mauro , Altieri Bruno , Baldry Ivan , Birkinshaw Mark , Bolzonella Micol , Bongiorno Angela , Brown Michael J. I. , Chiappetti Lucio , Driver Simon P. , Elyiv Andrii , Garilli Bianca , Guennou Loïc , Hopkins Andrew , Iovino Angela , Koulouridis Elias , Liske Jochen , Maurogordato Sophie , Owers Matthew , Pacaud Florian , Pierre Marguerite , Plionis Manolis , Ponman Trevor , Robotham Aaron , Sadibekova Tatyana , Scodeggio Marco , Tuffs Richard , Valtchanov Ivan 
Published: November 2017

Context. An X-ray survey with the XMM-Newton telescope, XMM-XXL, has identified hundreds of galaxy groups and clusters in two 25 deg2 fields. Combining spectroscopic and X-ray observations in one field, we determine how the kinetic energy of galaxies scales with hot gas temperature and also, by imposing prior constraints on the relative energies of galaxies and dark matter, infer a power-law scaling of total mass with temperature.
Aims. Our goals are: i) to determine parameters of the scaling between galaxy velocity dispersion and X-ray temperature, T300 kpc, for the halos hosting XXL-selected clusters, and; ii) to infer the log-mean scaling of total halo mass with temperature, ⟨lnM200 | T300 kpc, z⟩.
Methods. We applied an ensemble velocity likelihood to a sample of >1500 spectroscopic redshifts within 132 spectroscopically confirmed clusters with redshifts z < 0.6 to model, ⟨lnσgal | T300 kpc, z⟩, where σgal is the velocity dispersion of XXL cluster member galaxies and T300 kpc is a 300 kpc aperture temperature. To infer total halo mass we used a precise virial relation for massive halos calibrated by N-body simulations along with a single degree of freedom summarising galaxy velocity bias with respect to dark matter.
Results. For the XXL-N cluster sample, we find σgal ∝ T300 kpc0.63±0.05, a slope significantly steeper than the self-similar expectation of 0.5. Assuming scale-independent galaxy velocity bias, we infer a mean logarithmic mass at a given X-ray temperature and redshift,
〈ln(E(z)M200/1014 M⊙)|T300 kpc, z〉 = πT + αT ln (T300 kpc/Tp) + βT ln (E(z)/E(zp)) using pivot values kTp = 2.2 keV and zp = 0.25, with normalization πT = 0.45 ± 0.24 and slope αT = 1.89 ± 0.15. We obtain only weak constraints on redshift evolution, βT = −1.29 ± 1.14.
Conclusions. The ratio of specific energies in hot gas and galaxies is scale dependent. Ensemble spectroscopic analysis is a viable method to infer mean scaling relations, particularly for the numerous low mass systems with small numbers of spectroscopic members per system. Galaxy velocity bias is the dominant systematic uncertainty in dynamical mass estimates.
1.3.6 Organometallic Complexes of Platinum (Update 2015)
Authors: Nomoto A. , Ogawa A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 1.3) describing methods for the synthesis of organometallic complexes of platinum and related applications in catalytic reactions using organoplatinum complexes. Recently, organometallic complexes of platinum have been used in many areas, including as medical or luminescent materials.
Zentren für seltene neurologische Erkrankungen
Authors: Schöls Ludger , Gasser Thomas , Krägeloh-Mann Ingeborg , Graessner Holm , Klockgether Thomas , Münchau Alexander 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungSeltene Erkrankungen sind definitionsgemäß jede für sich selten, aber wegen ihrer großen Zahl in ihrer Gesamtheit häufig. Hierdurch besteht bei Ärzten nur selten Erfahrung für die einzelnen Erkrankungen; gleichzeitig stellt die Erkrankungsgruppe eine häufige Herausforderung dar. Aufgrund der mangelnden Kenntnisse bleiben viele Patienten mit seltenen Erkrankungen oft lange ohne Diagnose und optimale Versorgung. Das deutsche Ausbildungssystem ist nicht darauf ausgerichtet, Erfahrung mit seltenen Erkrankungen zu vermitteln. Die neurologische Ausbildung bedarf einer Umstrukturierung, um die Expertise für ein breites Erkrankungsspektrum zu vermitteln. Die an vielen Orten neu gegründeten Zentren für seltene Erkrankungen (ZSE) und das vom BMBF und BMG ins Leben gerufene Nationale Aktionsbündnis für Menschen mit Seltenen Erkrankungen (NAMSE) bilden hierfür einen guten Ausgangspunkt. Eine Akademie für seltene neurologische Erkrankungen befindet sich im Aufbau. Register für seltene Erkrankungen sind für die Sammlung repräsentativer Kohorten unverzichtbar und stellen die Grundlage für eine Verbesserung der Forschung und Entwicklung neuer Therapien dar. Spezifische Vergütungssysteme für die oft aufwendige und interdisziplinäre Versorgung müssen geschaffen werden.
Cardiac Autonomic Function, Cardiovascular Risk and Physical Activity in Adolescents
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo , Barker Alan , Williams Craig 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aims of this study were to investigate in adolescents: 1) the relationships of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to traditional CVD risk factors, rest and recovery autonomic function; and 2) whether autonomic function strengthens the associations between PA, CRF and CVD risk. Fifty-four (22 girls) adolescents had traditional CVD risk factors, rest and recovery autonomic function evaluated. CRF was measured using a steep ramp cycle test and PA was assessed with accelerometers. Resting HRV (and RMSSD30) and heart rate recovery (T30, HHRτ) were used. Clustered traditional (CVDRtrad) and autonomic (CVDRauto) risk scores were created and added to form a composite clustered CVD risk score (CVDRcom). PA and CRF were significantly and negatively associated with traditional CVD risk factors. Moderate (MPA) and vigorous (VPA) were positively related to resting RMSSD, and negatively related to T30 and HHRτ (all P<0.05). RMSSD30 recovered faster in the high compared to low median split for VPA. Stronger associations for CVDRcom compared to CVDRtrad were observed for MPA (CVDRcom: r2=0.32, P=<0.001; CVDRtrad: r2=0.17, P=0.002), and VPA (CVDRcom: r2=0.18, P=0.001; CVDRtrad: r2=0.06, P=0.08). These findings strengthen the proposed additional beneficial effects of PA on autonomic function above traditional CVD risk factors.
Neues zu opportunistischen Infektionen des zentralen Nervensystems bei iatrogener Immunsuppression
Authors: Arendt Gabriele , Maschke Matthias 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungOpportunistische Infektionen des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS) mit infolge einer iatrogenen Immunsuppression auftretenden Virus-, Parasiten-, Pilz- oder Bakterien-induzierten Erkrankungen sind bei der steigenden Zahl an Patienten mit Organtransplantationen oder immunmodulierenden Therapien von großer medizinischer Bedeutung. Hauptsächliche Anwender dieser modernen Behandlungsformen sind neben der Transplantationsmedizin die Dermatologie (Interferone, Rituximab, Fingolimod u. a.), Hämato-/Onkologie (Rituximab u. a.), Neurologie (Beta-Interferon, Glatirameracetat, Natalizumab, Rituximab, Teriflunomid, Fingolimod, Alemtuzumab, Daclizumab u. a.) und Rheumatologie (Rituximab u. a.).Das Keimspektrum bei iatrogener Immunsuppression in Europa umfasst in der Hauptsache Viren der Herpesgruppe sowie insbesondere bei immunmodulatorisch behandelten Patienten das JC-Virus (JCV); an Pilzerregern sind Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans und Cryptococcus neoformans von Bedeutung. Eine wichtige parasitäre Infektion ist die mit Toxoplasma gondii (T. g.). Typische bakterielle Infektionen des iatrogen immunkompromittierten Patienten werden durch Nocardia asteroides, Listeria monocytogenes und Mycobacterium tuberculosis hervorgerufen.Es werden typische diagnostische Konstellationen und Therapien vorgestellt.