bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free water improves detection of changes in the substantia nigra in parkinsonism: A multisite study
Authors: Ofori Edward , Krismer Florian , Burciu Roxana G. , Pasternak Ofer , McCracken Johanna L. , Lewis Mechelle M. , Du Guangwei , McFarland Nikolaus R. , Okun Michael S. , Poewe Werner , Mueller Christoph , Gizewski Elke R. , Schocke Michael , Kremser Christian , Li Hong , Huang Xuemei , Seppi Klaus , Vaillancourt David E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundImaging markers that are sensitive to parkinsonism across multiple sites are critically needed for clinical trials. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the substantia nigra using single‐ and bi‐tensor models of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in PD, MSA, and PSP.MethodsThe study cohort (n = 425) included 107 healthy controls and 184 PD, 63 MSA, and 71 PSP patients from 3 movement disorder centers. Bi‐tensor free water, free‐water‐corrected fractional anisotropy, free‐water‐corrected mean diffusivity, single‐tensor fractional anisotropy, and single‐tensor mean diffusivity were computed for the anterior and posterior substantia nigra. Correlations were computed between diffusion MRI measures and clinical measures.ResultsIn the posterior substantia nigra, free water was greater for PSP than MSA and PD patients and controls. PD and MSA both had greater free water than controls. Free‐water‐corrected fractional anisotropy values were greater for PSP patents than for controls and PD patients. PSP and MSA patient single‐tensor mean diffusivity values were greater than controls, and single‐tensor fractional anisotropy values were lower for PSP patients than for healthy controls. The parkinsonism effect size for free water was 0.145 in the posterior substantia nigra and 0.072 for single‐tensor mean diffusivity. The direction of correlations between single‐tensor mean diffusivity and free‐water values and clinical scores was similar at each site.ConclusionsFree‐water values in the posterior substantia nigra provide a consistent pattern of findings across patients with PD, MSA, and PSP in a large cohort across 3 sites. Free water in the posterior substantia nigra relates to clinical measures of motor and cognitive symptoms in a large cohort of parkinsonism. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Predicting IDH mutation status in grade II gliomas using amide proton transfer‐weighted (APTw) MRI
Authors: Jiang Shanshan , Zou Tianyu , Eberhart Charles G. , Villalobos Maria A.V. , Heo Hye‐Young , Zhang Yi , Wang Yu , Wang Xianlong , Yu Hao , Du Yongxing , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Wen Zhibo , Zhou Jinyuan 
Published: July 2017

PurposeTo assess the amide proton transfer‐weighted (APTw) MRI features of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)‐wildtype and IDH‐mutant grade II gliomas and to test the hypothesis that the APTw signal is a surrogate imaging marker for identifying IDH mutation status preoperatively.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with pathologically confirmed low‐grade glioma, who were previously scanned at 3T, were retrospectively analyzed. The Mann‐Whitney test was used to evaluate relationships between APTw intensities for IDH‐mutant and IDH‐wildtype groups, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of APTw.ResultsBased on histopathology and molecular analysis, seven cases were diagnosed as IDH‐wildtype grade II gliomas and 20 cases as IDH‐mutant grade II gliomas. The maximum and minimum APTw values, based on multiple regions of interest, as well as the whole‐tumor histogram‐based mean and 50th percentile APTw values, were significantly higher in the IDH‐wildtype gliomas than in the IDH‐mutant groups. This corresponded to the areas under the ROC curves of 0.89, 0.76, 0.75, and 0.75, respectively, for the prediction of the IDH mutation status.ConclusionIDH‐wildtype lesions typically were associated with relatively high APTw signal intensities as compared with IDH‐mutant lesions. The APTw signal could be a valuable imaging biomarker by which to identify IDH1 mutation status in grade II gliomas. Magn Reson Med 78:1100–1109, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Partial Fourier techniques in single‐shot cross‐term spatiotemporal encoded MRI
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Frydman Lucio 
Published: July 2017

PurposeCross‐term spatiotemporal encoding (xSPEN) is a single‐shot approach with exceptional immunity to field heterogeneities, the images of which faithfully deliver 2D spatial distributions without requiring a priori information or using postacquisition corrections. xSPEN, however, suffers from signal‐to‐noise ratio penalties due to its non‐Fourier nature and due to diffusion losses—especially when seeking high resolution. This study explores partial Fourier transform approaches that, acting along either the readout or the spatiotemporally encoded dimensions, reduce these penalties.MethodsxSPEN uses an orthogonal (e.g., z) gradient to read, in direct space, the low‐bandwidth (e.g., y) dimension. This substantially changes the nature of partial Fourier acquisitions vis‐à‐vis conventional imaging counterparts. A suitable theoretical analysis is derived to implement these procedures, along either the spatiotemporally or readout axes.ResultsPartial Fourier single‐shot xSPEN images were recorded on preclinical and human scanners. Owing to their reduction in the experiments’ acquisition times, this approach provided substantial sensitivity gains vis‐à‐vis previous implementations for a given targeted in‐plane resolution. The physical origins of these gains are explained.ConclusionPartial Fourier approaches, particularly when implemented along the low‐bandwidth spatiotemporal dimension, provide several‐fold sensitivity advantages at minimal costs to the execution and processing of the single‐shot experiments. Magn Reson Med 79:1506–1514, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Spinal cord imaging using averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisitions
Authors: Weigel Matthias , Bieri Oliver 
Published: July 2017

PurposeTo establish a novel approach for fast high‐resolution spinal cord (SC) imaging using averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisitions (AMIRA).MethodsThe AMIRA concept is based on an inversion recovery (IR) prepared, segmented, and time‐limited cine balanced steady state free precession sequence. Typically, for the fastest SC imaging without any signal averaging, eight consecutive images in time with an in‐plane resolution of 0.67 × 0.67 mm2 and 6 mm to 8 mm slice thickness are acquired in 51 s. AMIRA does not require parallel acquisition techniques.ResultsAMIRA measures eight images of remarkable tissue contrast variation between spinal cord gray (GM) and white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Following the AMIRA concept, averaging the first IR contrast images not only improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio but also offers a surprising enhancement of the contrast‐to‐noise ratio between GM and WM, whereas averaging the last images considerably improves the contrast‐to‐noise ratio between WM and CSF. These observations are supported by quantitative data.ConclusionThe AMIRA concept provides 2D spinal cord imaging with multiple tissue contrasts and enhanced contrast‐to‐noise ratios with a typical 0.67 × 0.67 mm2 in‐plane resolution and a slice thickness between 4 mm and 8 mm acquired in only 1 to 2 min per slice. Magn Reson Med 79:1870–1881, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Performance analysis of the T‐DOC® air‐charged catheters: An alternate technology for urodynamics
Authors: Couri Bruna M. , Bitzos Stephanie , Bhardwaj Deepak , Lockhart Emily , Yue Andy , Goping Ing 
Published: July 2017

AimsUrodynamics (UDS) is widely used for the diagnosis of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Air‐Charged catheters (ACC), one of the newer technologies for UDS pressure recording, has been adopted in growing numbers around the world for the past 15 years. Currently, there is a lack of published studies characterizing specific performance of the ACC. Since linearity, hysteresis, pressure drift, and frequency response are important components in characterizing accuracy for catheter‐manometer systems; this study aimed to assess these four aspects in ACC.MethodsA total of 180 T‐DOC® ACC were used in three different laboratory settings to assess pressure linearity and hysteresis (15 dual‐sensor vesical and urethral and 30 single‐sensor abdominal), pressure drift over 2 h (115 single‐sensor), and frequency response (20 single‐sensor). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.ResultsACC showed linearity of 0.99 ± 0.01, 0.99 ± 0.01, and 1.01 ± 0.01; and hysteresis of 0.57 ± 0.3%, 0.76 ± 0.48%, and 1 ± 0.89% for the abdominal, vesical, and urethral sensors, respectively. A pressure drift of 2.2 ± 1.4% at 1 h and 4.4 ± 2.5% at 2 h were observed when compared to baseline pressures. The catheters did not show any amplification factor during the sweep from 1 to 30 Hz, and recorded signals up to 5 Hz attenuating higher frequency signals.ConclusionsIn this study the T‐DOC® ACC showed a linear performance with minimal hysteresis associated with acceptable pressure drift, and adequate frequency response to capture clinically relevant pressures. The accurate results observed in this study suggest that these catheters are technically suitable to be used as a measuring instrument for UDS.
Synthesis, characterization, and gas permeation properties of adamantane‐containing polymers of intrinsic microporosity
Authors: Shrimant Bharat , Shaligram Sayali V. , Kharul Ulhas K. , Wadgaonkar Prakash P. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTA new bis(catechol) monomer, namely, 4,4′‐((1r,3r)‐adamantane‐2,2‐diyl)bis(benzene‐1,2diol) (THADM) was synthesized by condensation of 2‐adamantanone with veratrole followed by demethylation of the formed (1r,3r)‐2,2‐bis(3,4 dimethoxyphenyl)adamantane. Polycondensation of THADM and various compositions of THADM and 5,5,6′,6′‐tetrahydroxy‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylspirobisindane was performed with 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTPN) to obtain the homopolymer and copolymers. These polymers demonstrated good solubility in common organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran and could be cast into tough films from their chloroform solutions. GPC analysis revealed that number average molecular weights of polymers were in the range 48,100–61,700 g mol−1, suggesting the formation of reasonably high molecular weight polymers. They possessed intrinsic microporosity with Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area in the range 703–741 m2 g−1. Thermogravimetric analysis of polymers indicated that 10% weight loss temperature was in the range 513–518 °C demonstrating their excellent thermal stability. THADM‐based polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) showed P(CO2) = 1080, P(O2) = 232 and appreciable selectivity [α(CO2/CH4) = 22.6, α(CO2/N2) = 26.7, and α(O2/N2)= 5.7]. The gas permeability measurements revealed that with increase in the content of adamantane units in PIMs, selectivity increased and permeability decreased, following the trade‐off relationship. The gas separation properties of PIMs containing adamantane units were located close to 2008 Robeson upper bound for gas pairs such as CO2/CH4, CO2/N2, H2/N2, and O2/N2. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 16–24
CF‐related diabetes: Containing the metabolic miscreant of cystic fibrosis
Authors: Moheet Amir , Moran Antoinette 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCystic fibrosis‐related diabetes (CFRD) is associated with both an increase in morbidity and mortality in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). With increased screening and improved life expectancy of people with CF, the prevalence of CFRD is expected to rise further. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms causing glucose intolerance and diabetes in patients with CF are not well understood but both functional and structural abnormalities in islet cells are likely to have key roles. Insulin therapy improves health outcomes in patients with CF. Future research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the development of CFRD and to develop new screening and treatment strategies to minimize the detrimental impact of CFRD on health outcomes in people with CF.
Assessing the spatial distribution of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) eggs in open‐field tomato cultivation through geostatistical analysis
Authors: Martins Júlio C , Picanço Marcelo C , Silva Ricardo S , Gonring Alfredo HR , Galdino Tarcísio VS , Guedes Raul NC 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe spatial distribution of insects is due to the interaction between individuals and the environment. Knowledge about the within‐field pattern of spatial distribution of a pest is critical to planning control tactics, developing efficient sampling plans, and predicting pest damage. The leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is the main pest of tomato crops in several regions of the world. Despite the importance of this pest, the pattern of spatial distribution of T. absoluta on open‐field tomato cultivation remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the spatial distribution of T. absoluta in 22 commercial open‐field tomato cultivations with plants at the three phenological development stages by using geostatistical analysis.RESULTSGeostatistical analysis revealed that there was strong evidence for spatially dependent (aggregated) T. absoluta eggs in 19 of the 22 sample tomato cultivations. The maps that were obtained demonstrated the aggregated structure of egg densities at the edges of the crops. Further, T. absoluta was found to accomplish egg dispersal along the rows more frequently than it does between rows.CONCLUSIONOur results indicate that the greatest egg densities of T. absoluta occur at the edges of tomato crops. These results are discussed in relation to the behavior of T. absoluta distribution within fields and in terms of their implications for improved sampling guidelines and precision targeting control methods that are essential for effective pest monitoring and management. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of dimensionally split and multi‐dimensional atmospheric transport schemes for long time steps
Authors: Chen Yumeng , Weller Hilary , Pring Stephen , Shaw James 
Published: July 2017

Dimensionally split advection schemes are attractive for atmospheric modelling due to their efficiency and accuracy in each spatial dimension. Accurate long time steps can be achieved without significant cost using the flux‐form semi‐Lagrangian technique. The dimensionally split scheme used in this paper is constructed from the one‐dimensional Piecewise Parabolic Method and extended to two dimensions using COSMIC splitting. The dimensionally split scheme is compared with a genuinely multi‐dimensional, method‐of‐lines scheme which, with implicit time‐stepping, is stable for Courant numbers significantly larger than 1.Two‐dimensional advection test cases on Cartesian planes are proposed which avoid the complexities of a spherical domain or multi‐panel meshes. These are solid‐body rotation, horizontal advection over orography and deformational flow. The test cases use distorted non‐orthogonal meshes either to represent sloping terrain or to mimic the distortions near cubed‐sphere edges.Mesh distortions are expected to accentuate the errors associated with dimension splitting, however the accuracy of the dimensionally split scheme decreases only a little in the presence of mesh distortions. The dimensionally split scheme also loses some accuracy when long time steps are used. The multi‐dimensional scheme is almost entirely insensitive to mesh distortions and asymptotes to second‐order accuracy at high resolution. As is expected for implicit time‐stepping, phase errors occur when using long time steps but the spatially well‐resolved features are advected at the correct speed and the multi‐dimensional scheme is always stable.A naive estimate of computational cost (number of multiplies) reveals that the implicit scheme is the most expensive, particularly for large Courant numbers. If the multi‐dimensional scheme is used instead with explicit time‐stepping, the Courant number is restricted to less than 1, the accuracy is maintained, and the cost becomes similar to the dimensionally split scheme.
Numerical methods for the inverse problem of density functional theory
Authors: Jensen Daniel S. , Wasserman Adam 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe inverse problem of Kohn–Sham density functional theory (DFT) is often solved in an effort to benchmark and design approximate exchange‐correlation potentials. The forward and inverse problems of DFT rely on the same equations but the numerical methods for solving each problem are substantially different. We examine both problems in this tutorial with a special emphasis on the algorithms and error analysis needed for solving the inverse problem. Two inversion methods based on partial differential equation constrained optimization and constrained variational ideas are introduced. We compare and contrast several different inversion methods applied to one‐dimensional finite and periodic model systems.
Efficacy and Initial Safety Profile of CXCL12 Treatment in a Rodent Model of Urinary Sphincter Deficiency
Authors: Koudy Williams J. , Dean Ashley , Lankford Shannon , Andersson Karl-Erik 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Disappointing results of skeletal muscle precursor cell (skMPC) therapy for women with intrinsic urinary sphincter deficiency (ISD) associated urinary incontinence has increased interest in alternative sphincter regenerative approaches. This study was to measure the safety and efficacy of the cell homing chemokine CXCL12 versus skMPCs in a rat model of ISD. Thirty-six adult female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 treatment (Tx) conditions: (a) no ISD/noTx [Control]; (b) ISD/noTx; (c) ISD + skMPCs; (d) ISD + 3.5 mg CXCL12; (e) ISD + 7mg CXCL12; and (f) ISD + 14 mg CXCL12. Tx's were injected directly into the sphincter complex 30 days post ISD and rats euthanized 30 days post Tx. Blood samples for measurements of kidney and liver function, white and red blood cell counts, were taken at baseline and at euthanasia. Leak point pressures (LPP) were measured prior to, and sphincter collagen/muscle content measured after, euthanasia. There were no effects of treatments on white or red/white blood cell counts, kidney/liver function tests or histopathology of the urinary sphincter complex or surrounding tissues. ISD lowered LPP 35% and sphincter muscle content by 17% versus control rats. CXCL12, but not skMPC injections, restored both LPP to control values in a dose-dependent fashion. Both skMPCs and CXCL12 restored sphincter muscle content to control values. This chemokine approach may represent a novel therapeutic option for ISD and appears, at least short-term, to produce little clinical or tissue pathology.
Management of the Open Abdomen after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Hobeika Christian , Allard Marc‐Antoine , Bucur Petru‐Octav , Naili Salima , Sa Cunha Antonio , Cherqui Daniel , Castaing Denis , Adam René , Vibert Eric 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe optimal management of the open abdomen (OA) after liver transplantation (LT) is unclear. The negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been shown to be safe and can increase the chance for early fascial closure in trauma or septic patients. However, little data are available on the specific setting of LT. We aimed to report our experience of OA after LT, marked by the recent use of NPWT.MethodsAll patients with postponed wall closure after LT, from 2002 to 2014, in a single institution were included and retrospectively analyzed. Our management of OA after LT has shifted from skin‐only closure (SOC) followed by abdominal wall reconstruction at a distance to the use of NPWT with early fascial closure.ResultsOf the 1559 LTs performed during the study period, immediate abdominal wall closure at the end of transplantation could not be achieved in 46 (2.9%) patients. Of them, SOC was performed in 22 (47.8%) patients, whereas vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) therapy was used in 24 (52.1%) patients. The comprehensive complication indexes (CCI) were similar [CCI: 66 (0–100) in the SOC group vs. 56 (0–100) in the VAC group; p = 0.55]. No evisceration or fistula occurred in both groups. One (4.2%) postoperative bleeding case was reported in the VAC group. Early fascial closure was achieved within a median of 5.5 days (1–12) for the 24 patients (100%) of the VAC group. In four of them, a biological mesh was necessary. Only nine patients (52.9%) of the survivors in the SOC group underwent abdominal reconstruction.ConclusionThe NPWT in patients with OA after LT enables early fascial closure with limited morbidity provided a specific attention is given to the risk of bleeding. These results support the use of NPWT as the first option in OA patients after LT.
Microstructure and Property Modifications of Cold Rolled IF Steel by Local Laser Annealing
Authors: Hallberg Håkan , Adamski Frédéric , Baïz Sarah , Castelnau Olivier 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Laser annealing experiments are performed on cold rolled IF steel whereby highly localized microstructure and property modification are achieved. The microstructure is seen to develop by strongly heterogeneous recrystallization to provide steep gradients, across the submillimeter scale, of grain size and crystallographic texture. Hardness mapping by microindentation is used to reveal the corresponding gradients in macroscopic properties. A 2D level set model of the microstructure development is established as a tool to further optimize the method and to investigate, for example, the development of grain size variations due to the strong and transient thermal gradient. Particular focus is given to the evolution of the beneficial γ-fiber texture during laser annealing. The simulations indicate that the influence of selective growth based on anisotropic grain boundary properties only has a minor effect on texture evolution compared to heterogeneous stored energy, temperature variations, and nucleation conditions. It is also shown that although the α-fiber has an initial frequency advantage, the higher probability of γ-nucleation, in combination with a higher stored energy driving force in this fiber, promotes a stronger presence of the γ-fiber as also observed in experiments.