bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Price the Concept of Psychopathic Disorder?
Authors: Prins Herschel 
Published: July 2017

The current concept of psychopathic disorder is reviewed against a short historical background. Aetiology is commented upon briefly and key characteristics described. Support is provided for the view that the concept has a degree of usefulness in clinical management provided it is viewed in a focused and restricted fashion. ‘And thus I clothe my naked villainy … and seem A saint when most I play the devil.’ Richard III (Act I. Sc.iii)
The Coroner's System and Under-Reporting of Suicide
Authors: Cooper P N , Milroy C M 
Published: July 2017

This study investigates the under-reporting of suicide with particular reference to differences between sex and age groups and the various modes of suicide. The study was performed retrospectively using the files of H M Coroner for South Yorkshire (West) over the years 1985 to 1991. There were 536 deaths judged on the balance of probability to be suicidal in nature. Only 60 per cent of these deaths received a suicide verdict and would therefore register in official suicide statistics. A significantly smaller proportion of females (51.7 per cent) received a suicide verdict than males (64.5 per cent). Of the young females (<45) 61.7 per cent were given a suicide verdict compared to 46.6 per cent of older females (45+). These differences are explained by different preferences for mode of suicide, in particular for poisoning using solids or liquids. Only 40 per cent of cases within this category received a suicide verdict. Drowning showed an even smaller percentage (24 per cent). Self-immolation (42 per cent) and jumping from a height (51 per cent) were also under-represented. Of these, self-poisoning, drowning and jumping from a height were relatively popular among females. In contrast, common causes of death favoured predominantly by males — hanging and carbon monoxide poisoning — received a high percentage of suicide verdicts (81 per cent and 90 per cent). Thus official suicide statistics produce a distorted view of the suicide population with relative underreporting of females, particularly older females, and marked under-reporting of some causes of death, notably poisoning using solids or liquids, drowning, self-immolation and jumping from a height.
Violence in Clinical Forensic Medicine
Authors: Schnieden Vivienne , Stark Margaret , Payne-James Jason 
Published: July 2017

Objective: to investigate the levels of physical and verbal violence experienced in the preceding year by doctors working in clinical forensic medicine. Design and subjects: anonymised questionnaire sent to all full members of the Association of Police Surgeons. Results: 517 eligible questionnaires were returned; 18.2 per cent of respondents had experienced physical violence, a total of 150 incidents. Of those incidents ‘warning signs’ of violence had been present in only 25 per cent. A total of 54 working days were lost. Injuries included a fractured wrist and corneal scarring. Of the respondents, 65.5 per cent had experienced verbal violence (of which the most common type was obscenity); 11.8 per cent had received training in dealing with verbal violence and 10.4 per cent in dealing with physical violence; 88 per cent believed that training on how to deal with violence should be part of police surgeon/forensic medicine training. Conclusion: verbal and physical violence are common in clinical forensic medicine. Training in dealing with these issues should be introduced.
Chronic Alcoholism in a Forensic Material. 1. Social Parameters in Alcoholics
Authors: Thomsen Jørgen L. 
Published: July 2017

An investigation was performed on material from deceased from the Copenhagen County, examined at the Institute of Forensic Medicine during the period 1985–1989. The basis and the reliability of the diagnosis of chronic alcoholism in a forensic post-mortem material is discussed. The frequency of alcoholics in the autopsy material varied between 25 per cent and 30 per cent annually. The frequency of women was significantly lower than that of men. The alcoholics were generally younger than controls, they were more often divorced, but cohabited with the same frequency as controls. Both the alcoholics and the controls belonged mainly to the lowest social classes. Alcoholics lived in flats and died in the living room more often than controls. Special attention is given to persons dying in bathtubs and on staircases. The interval between‘last seen alive’ and‘found dead’ was significantly longer in alcoholics, signifying loss of social network. Both alcoholics and controls generally lived under poor social conditions, more pronounced in the former.
Predictors of Coroner's Verdict: A Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Salib E 
Published: July 2017

This study is an attempt to understand the effect of various factors that are likely to have influenced North Cheshire's Coroners during a five-year period in their decision to return a‘suicide’ or an‘open’ verdict. Based on the logistic model, the main factors that appeared to have influenced a Coroners decision are: intimation of intent, method of death and alcohol problem.
Compensation Claims following Road Accidents: A Six-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Bryant Bridget , Mayou Richard , Lloyd-Bostock Sally 
Published: July 2017

Systematic information was obtained on 96 subjects who were all those seeking compensation from a cohort of 172 consecutive road accident injury victims. Subjects were interviewed immediately after the accident, and again at three months and one year. Further telephone or postal information was obtained about compensation proceedings for up to six years. Compensation proceedings were often prolonged and final settlements were modest and late in relation to the losses suffered. Awards were largely used to make up financial losses. However, they failed to meet needs, especially the considerable early financial problems. There was no evidence that subjects exaggerated their losses; many preferred not to claim or to settle early. There was no evidence that settlement was followed by significant change in clinical state. There was considerable dissatisfaction with the procedures for obtaining compensation. Subjects were often more concerned with recognition of their distress and suffering than with the size of financial settlements. Seeking compensation was not a major predictor of medical and social outcome.
Detention of In-Patients under Section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983
Authors: Salib Emad , Iparragirre Boni 
Published: July 2017

All applications of s.5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983, allowing the emergency detention of voluntary in-patients in North Cheshire between 1985 and 1995, were reviewed to examine general trends in its use and to assess variables likely to influence its outcome. Of the 877 applications implemented (4% of all admissions), 500 (57%) were converted to longer-term detention under the Act, 396 (45%) were converted to s.2 and 104 (12%) to s.3. The other 377 (43%) detained patients under s.5(2) regained informal status. The review found that time of application of section, length of hospital stay prior to application, medical officer's grade, use of s.5(4) and clinical diagnosis are best predictors of s.5(2) outcome. The results are similar to other published studies and seem to reflect a national pattern, possibly implying that patients detained under this short-term detention order have an almost equal chance of either regaining their voluntary status or being detained under another section by the end of the 72 hours. This may raise questions about the purpose of s.5(2) as expressed by the Mental Health Act Commission.
The Effect of a ‘One for the Road’ Drink of Hard Liquor, Beer or Wine on Peak Breath Alcohol Concentration in a Social Drinking Environment with Food Consumption
Authors: Breen Martin H , Dang Qui T , Jaing Joseph T , Boyd Greta N 
Published: July 2017

Thirteen healthy subjects (seven men and six women) participated in three drinking studies to examine the maximum increase of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) and the time taken to reach the maximum BrAC (peak) after a subject finished a ‘one for the road’ drink in a social environment with food consumption. They consumed hard liquor in the first study, beer in the second and wine in the third. Each study consisted of two days. Day 1 served as a control in which the subjects were monitored by breath tests to establish their basic BrAC curves. Day 2 was a repeat of Day 1 with the addition of the final drink ‘for the road’ consumed by the subjects once their BrAC started to decline. The average increase in BrAC was 0.017 ± 0.009% for hard liquor, 0.016 ± 0.008% for beer, and 0.016 ± 0.007% for wine. The average time to peak was 18 ± 8 minutes for hard liquor, 16 ± 2 minutes for beer, and 20 ± 10 minutes for wine. The BrAC increase and the time to peak seemed to be independent of the type of alcoholic beverage consumed.
Psychiatric Disorders in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Opiate Dependence
Authors: Ahmed A. G. , Salib Emad , Ruben Sue 
Published: July 2017

High rates of psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, alcoholism, drug-use disorder and antisocial personality disorder in the relatives of opiate-dependent patients compared with normal controls, have been reported in some previous studies. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence rates of drug-use and other psychiatric disorders in the first-degree relatives of opiate-dependent patients and compare these with rates in the first-degree relatives of surgical and psychiatric patients. A case-control study was conducted to compare the prevalence of psychiatric and drug-use disorders (which were estimated by the Family History Method) in 241 biological first-degree relatives of 50 opiate-dependent patients to that in 235 and 222 first-degree relatives of 50 surgical and 50 psychiatric patients respectively. The main outcome measure was the relative risk (expressed as odds ratio) of psychiatric and drug-use disorders. First-degree relatives of opiate-dependent patients were found to have significantly higher rates of drug-use and antisocial personality disorders, compared with relatives of surgical and psychiatric probands. The odds ratio for alcoholism appeared significantly higher only in first-degree female relatives of opiate users, suggesting effect modification by sex. The study provides further evidence for the higher rate of drug-use disorder in the first-degree relatives of opiate-dependent patients. These findings suggest that familial drug-use disorder contributes to a vulnerability to opiate misuse. Implications of these findings for the classification and treatment of opiate dependence are discussed.
Observed versus Expected Obstetric Complications: An Assessment of Coverage of Obstetric Care in Developing Countries
Authors: Pittrof Rudiger 
Published: July 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate access to obstetric care in a rural district in East Africa using easily collected and evaluated data and avoiding expensive field surveys, complicated study design or statistical methods. The number of observed obstetric complications occurring during 12 months in a rural East African district hospital (the only institution with surgical facilities and access to blood transfusion in the district) were compared to the number of expected complications the district should ‘generate’. Of the expected > 10 000 deliveries <25% took place in the district hospital. The place of confinement for the other deliveries was not determined. As compared to the total number of expected conditions within the study district <25% of the breech and <45% twin deliveries took part in the district hospital and < 10% of pregnancies complicated by placental abruptions and < 5% of the pregnancies complicated by placenta praevia were managed in the district hospital. Comparing the number of serious pregnancy complications which were managed in the hospital to the total expected number for a particular region allows a simple assessment of the accessibility of obstetric care. This ratio might be more useful when evaluating obstetric care than traditional parameters as it stresses the importance of accessibility of care for the whole community.
Deixis and the poetic persona
Authors: Green Keith 
Published: July 2017

This article examines the function of deixis in a specific literary genre, the lyric poem. In the opening sections, an attempt to define deixis is made and a methodology for analysis for texts in general is proposed. Deixis is seen as a fundamental element of human discourse, and a particular discoursal site is isolated where it can be seen operating in a particular way. Theoretical considerations, such as the relation of deixis to semantics and pragmatics, and the various types of deictic meaning, are discussed, and a cline of deictic activity, a point on which any text must function, is described. A possible taxonomy of deictic elements and terms follows, which modifies and builds on previous attempts by linguists such as Levinson (1983). The relation between these elements and terms, and the lyric poem, is then discussed. The final part of the article is an analysis of two poems, Henry Vaughan's ‘The retreate’ and Wordsworth's ‘Nutting’. The deixis occurring in the poems is examined in the light of the theories previously discussed.
Sudden Death in Idiopathic Giant Cell Myocarditis
Authors: Piette M. , Timperman J. 
Published: July 2017

A rare case of idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis fatally affecting a middle-aged woman is presented. The circumstances of the fulminant and unexpected death were witnessed and reported by a relative. The confusing aspects of the ‘Fiedler's myocarditis’, the relation with more common forms of viral myocarditis and finally the medico-legal importance in the context of the sudden and natural death are mentioned.
Text Watch
Authors: Strange John 
Published: July 2017

Text Watch will henceforth appear in every issue of BJMT, so as to provide a more up-to-date picture of writing in the field. Its scope is, however, changing. Its purpose is still to alert readers to material they may find of interest in books and journals, but included in the latter are now those English-language music therapy journals not available online, formerly covered by BJMT's Journal Watch. Articles of less than three pages are omitted, as are book reviews regardless of length. Items are arranged alphabetically by first author. Abstracts can be supplied by the compiler for the majority of articles. The URLs of online music therapy journals are given below. Readers are reminded that by notifying the compiler of their own publications in good time these may be included in BJMT in advance of their appearance in databases.
Mainstream approaches to mental health and illness: an emphasis on individuals and a de-emphasis of inequalities
Authors: Horsfall Jan 
Published: July 2017

This theoretical paper argues that structured class, ethnicity and gender factors systematically contribute to people's vulnerability to experiencing a psychiatric disorder. In their denial of group-based contributions to psychiatric problems, mainstream psychiatric disciplines focus on the disturbed individual. It argues that the concept of individualism is a crucial modern European epistemological assumption which underpins definitions of normality and abnormality. An investigation of contemporary mainstream mental health texts reveals their trenchant individualism and the marginalization of life circumstances arising from class, ethnicity and gender relations with regard to assessing, and working with, people with psychiatric difficulties. The paper argues that modern non-ideal human qualities are associated with the social ‘other’. Middle class, Eurocentric and patriarchal assumptions increase the likelihood that people outside these categories are more likely to receive psychiatric diagnoses. Consequently the discipline of psychiatry constructs the notion of the mad ‘other’. Mainstream mental health nursing, clinical psychology and health psychology support medical psychiatry in individualizing and psychologizing the difficulties experienced by consumers of psychiatric services.
Reflective Practice for Psychology Students: The Use of Reflective Journal Feedback in Higher Education
Authors: Bruno Andreina , Dell’Aversana Giuseppina 
Published: July 2017

Reflective journals have emerged as an effective means of monitoring and developing reflective practice in higher education, as part of a wider metacognitive strategy to transform traditional learning approaches. In addition, assessment procedures of reflective journals appear to be an important factor in enhancing commitment to learning and reflection. This paper explores the effects of the use of journal writing and formative feedback on the quality of reflective practice, by presenting a case study of reflective learning in a master’s degree program in the North of Italy, in 2014/2015. The article contributes to the current debate about the effectiveness of one-to-one writing tuition by analyzing student writing through qualitative analysis and quantitative trend assessment. In particular, it provides evidence on formative feedback efficacy in developing the quality of reflective practice. Unlike much of the research into writing support, this study seeks to evaluate the impact of feedback use not only by measuring student perceptions of effectiveness or level of satisfaction, but also by assessing the development of reflective practices.
Models of Leadership Institutes for Increasing the Number of Top Latino Administrators in Higher Education
Authors: León David J. , Nevarez Carlos 
Published: July 2017

The percentage of Latinos in top university administration lags far behind that in the nation overall. How can we increase their numbers? One answer is leadership institutes. This article examines these institutes in general and those addressing minorities in particular, with an eye to presenting models that may aid future Latino leadership institutes. It explains the need for these programs and describes four long-established institutes and four more addressing minorities. Resumen: El porcentaje de latinos en puestos de administración universitaria altos es muy bajo comparado nacionalmente. ¿Cómo podemos incrementar sus números? Una respuesta es con institutos de liderazgo. Este artículo examina dichos institutos en general y aquellos que se ocupan de minorías en particular; además presenta modelos que pueden ayudar futuros institutos de liderazgo latino. Este artículo explica la necesidad de estos programas y describe cuatro institutos bien establecidos y cuatro más que se ocupan de minorías.
Effect of spatial characteristics on campus open space uses of youth: Example of KTU Kanuni Campus<p>Gençlerin kampüs açık mekân kullanımlarına mekânsal özelliklerin etkisi: KTÜ Kanuni Kampüsü örneği
Authors: Düzenli Tuğba , Alpak Elif Merve , Özbilen Ali 
Published: July 2017

It is necessary to assess the environment in terms of the development of young people; Young people need to spend time in appropriate places to speed up the development process and increase the influence of the youth process on personality development. When assessed from the perspective of environmental design, university campuses are one of the most important places where young people's friendship relations intensify and social roles begin to develop as well as to acquire skills related to their professions. In this study, open spaces of Karadeniz Technical University Kanuni Campus were first classified in terms of the characteristics (mobility, naturalness, openness) that should be possessed by the youth places determined in the literature and then the use of youth was observed in these places. 3 of them were high in terms of the determined characteristics and 3 were low. A total of 6 campus locations were observed and how young people used the spaces. As a result, it was found that spaces with higher levels of characteristics were more successful, more used by younger people, and group use was more intense. In other words, mobility, naturalness and openness were found to have a positive effect on campus.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetGençlerin gelişimi açısından çevreyi değerlendirmek gereklidir; gençlerin gelişim sürecini hızlandırmak, gençlik sürecinin kişilik gelişimine etkisini arttırmak için uygun mekânlarda zaman geçirmeleri gerekir. Çevre tasarımı açısından değerlendirildiğinde, meslekleriyle ilgili donanımlarını kazanmaları yanında gençlerin arkadaşlık ilişkilerinin yoğunlaştığı ve sosyal roller geliştirmeye başladığı önemli mekânlardan biri de üniversite kampüsleridir. Bu çalışmada da Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Kanuni Kampüsü açık mekânları önce literatürden belirlenen genç mekânlarının sahip olması gereken özellikler (hareketlilik, doğallık, açıklık) bakımından sınıflandırılmış, daha sonra bu mekânlarda gençlerin kullanımları gözlemlenmiştir. 3’ü belirlenen özellikler bakımından yüksek, 3 ü düşük olmak üzere toplam 6 kampüs mekânında davranış gözlemi yapılmış, gençlerin mekânları nasıl kullandığı incelenmiştir. Sonuçta özellikler açısından düzeyleri yüksek olan mekânların dahabaşarılı olduğu ve daha çok genç tarafından kullanıldığı ve grup kullanımının yoğunluktaolduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Yani hareketlilik, doğallık, açıklık özelliklerinin kampüs mekân kullanımını olumlu yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir.// Annotate Highlight
Comparison of Different Anesthetic Protocols for Morphometric Measurements of Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Çağiltay Ferhat , Atanasoff Alexander , Sağlam Mehmet , Çağatay Soner , Nikolov Galin , Ekim Okan , Seçer Faik Sertel 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Measurement of growth performances in fish is carried out in stressful and unnatural environment. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the effect of four different water-borne anesthetic agents. The fish (Ave. wt. 400.3±7.12 g) were divided into four groups in the glass tanks (80×48×30 cm) containing 80 L of dechlorinated bore water. For the first group we used clove oil (CO) and anesthetic agents used for other three groups were as follows: second group- lidocaine 1% (LC), III groupisoflourane (IF), IV group-halothane (HT). During experiment, water quality parameters (to, pH, О2, and NO3) were recorded. The desired concentration of anesthetics was established andinduction time, maintenance and recovery time were recorded. In two groups out of four (LC and HT) time of induction was longer approximately with 1 minute and time of recovery was shorter with 30 seconds in comparison with other two groups (CO and IF) where the time for both was 3 minutes. It could be concluded that the anesthetic time for each of the protocols used was about 4-5 minutes and allowed to measure the growth performance. An effective and safe agent is 1% lidocaine used as a water-based anesthetic at 100 mg.L-1. Isoflurane can be used with caution in small carp because there is a risk of overdose. We recommend the anesthetic clove oil protocol.