bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astronomy Research via the Internet
Authors: Ratnatunga Kavan U. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSmall developing countries may not have a dark site with good seeing for an astronomical observatory or be able to afford the financial commitment to set up and support such a facility. Much of astronomical research today is however done with remote observations, such as from telescopes in space, or obtained by service observing at large facilities on the ground. Cutting-edge astronomical research can now be done with low-cost computers, with a good Internet connection to get on-line access to astronomical observations, journals and most recent preprints. E-mail allows fast easy collaboration between research scientists around the world. An international program with some short-term collaborative visits, could mine data and publish results from available astronomical observations for a fraction of the investment and cost of running even a small local observatory. Students who have been trained in the use of computers and software by such a program would also be more employable in the current job market. The Internet can reach you wherever you like to be and give you direct access to whatever you need for astronomical research.
The Role of Astronomical Catalogues in Modern Theory and Observation
Authors: Malkov Oleg Yu. , Tutukov Alexander V. , Kovaleva Dana A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAstronomical catalogues are powerful tools for carrying out modern theoretical and observational studies. Analysis of catalogue data enables important information to be obtained and does not require modern expensive observational techniques to reach reliable scientific results. In this paper we give some examples of such approaches and present some results of successful work with catalogues.
Small Radio Telescopes for Education
Authors: Maeda Koitiro , Tokimasa Noritaka 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe present small radio telescopes consisting of commercial instruments for satellite TV reception. With these radio telescopes we can observe the 12 GHz emissions from the quiet sun and solar flares. Since microwaves occurring in our environment, e.g., those from a building and a fluorescent lamp, are also detectable, such radio telescopes are useful not only for radio astronomy education but also for physics education.
31. Time
Authors: Iijima S. 
Published: July 2016

This report reviews briefly the works achieved or planned in the triennium from 1979 to 1981 on the subjects to be considered by Commission 31. Reports of contributions furnished kindly from different institutions by many of Commission members were obliged to be partly omitted or abbreviated owing to the limitation of space, for which hearty thanks and apologies as well are to be given.Astronomical observations for UTO-UTC have been continued on a routine basis in participating observatories to BIH with PZT's, astrolabes, transit instruments etc. The observations with 35-km interferometer have been made by USNO, and are expected to contribute an important part to future efforts.
Comments on the Measurement of Transition Probabilities
Authors: Huber Martin C E , Pauls Ursula 
Published: July 2016

Developments in the measurements of oscillator strengths, that are of current and future interest to astrophysics, have taken place in the past few years:– there is increased emphasis on methods which are independent of level populations (i.e., of number densities and thus equilibrium in the vapour or plasma under investigation),–clear progress has been made towards higher precision (and accuracy) and–the dynamic range of astrophysically relevant oscillator strengths was further extended towards weaker lines.
9. Instruments and Techniques
Authors: Livingston W. C. , Humphries C. M. , Bhattacharyya J. C. , Davis J. , Heudier J. L. , Kopylov I. M. , Lelievre G. , Maillard J. P. , Meinel A. B. , Mikhel’son N. N. , Richardson E. H. , Ring J. , Rösch J. , Steshenko N. , Tull R. G. , Walker M. F. , Wilcock W. L. , Wlerick G. 
Published: July 2016

Between the Patras and New Delhi General Assemblies no meetings were directly sponsored by Commission 9 because the discipline was amply covered by the following:
- “Eighth Symposium on Photoelectronic Image Devices,” Imperial College (London) 5-7 September 1983 (B. L. Morgan, Ed., Academic Press, London, 1984).- “Advanced Technology Optical Telescopes II” Imperial College, 5-7 September 1983.- “Instrumentation in Astronomy V” 7-9 September 1983 (A. Boksenberg and D. Crawford, Eds., Proc. SPIE 415).- IAU Symposium No. 109: “Astrometric Techniques,” 9-12 January 1984, Gainsville (Florida).- “Astronomical Photography 1984,” Edinburgh, 4-6 April 1984 (E. Sim and K. Ishida, Eds., Number 14 of Occasional Reports of the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh).- “IAU Colloquium No. 79: “Very Large Telescopes, Their Instrumentation and Programs,” Garching bei München, 9-12 April 1984 (M. H. Ulrich and K. Kjär, Eds.)
6. Astronomical Telegrams (Télégrammes Astronomiques) (Committee of the Executive Committee)
Authors: Mrkos A. , Roemer E. , Marsden B. G. , Marsden B. G. , vacant  , Bardwell C. M. , Green D. W. E. 
Published: July 2016

The commission has been able to continue its work during the last triennium with a minimum of effort. Thanks for this and for the untiring dedication are due to the Director of the Bureau, B. G. Marsden. We are also grateful to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for its general support.According to the annoucement published in the IAU Information Bulletin no 58, K. A. Thernöe died on 1987 March 7. He was the director of the Central Telegram Bureau during the years 1960 - 1964 in Copenhagen and for many years he served as principal substitute for Julie Vinter Hansen when she ran the Bureau.
33. Structure and Dynamics of the Galactic System (Structure Et Dynamique Du Systeme Galactique)
Authors: Burton W. B , Mayor M. , Bahcall J. , Balasz L. , Binney J. , Blitz L. , Einasto J. , Lynga G. , Tosa M. , Wielen R. 
Published: July 2016

Commission 33 has the long-standing tradition of producing two versions of the report covering its activities in the general field of Galactic Structure during the past triennium. The short version of the report is the one presented here. A longer, more complete version, is being printed by the President for distribution to all members of the Commission.Compilation of the triennial summary is one of the major tasks of Commission officers. Section 2 of this report was prepared by M. Major; section 3 by L. Balasz; sections 4 and 8 by L. Blitz; section 5 by G. Lynga; section 6 by D. Hartmann; section 7 by J. Bloemen; sections 9 and 10 by U. Haud and J. Einasto; section 11 by R. Wielen; section 12 by B. Puchs; section 13 by J. Binney; and section 14 by V. Malyuto and J. Einasto.
40. Radio Astronomy (Radio Astronomie)
Authors: Baldwin J E , Mezger P G , Barrett A , Baudry A , Booth R , Jauncey D , Kapahi V , Kellermann K , Matveyenko L , Nicholson G , Seaquist E , Setti G , Strom R , Wang S , Wilson T 
Published: July 2016

The following commission members have contributed to this report:M Birkinshaw, R J Cohen, J J Condon, T J Cornwell, J R Dickel, P A Feldman, R Genzel, M Goss, V Kapahl, Gopal Krishna, M Kundu, A G Lyne, C R Masson, A C Readhead, W Reich, J M Riley, A J Turtle, J M van der Hulst, T L Wilson.
Meetings of Standing Committees, May 3rd to May 10th, 1922
Authors: Eginitis D. 
Published: July 2016

Prof. Cerulli communicated a note by Prof. Angelitti, in which he enquired whether a modification of the law of gravitation, e.g., the addition of a small term u/r3, would not account for the motion of the perihelion of Mercury. Sir Frank Dyson replied that the introduction of such a term would introduce other anomalies in the planetary system, and particularly in the motion of the Moon’s apse.Prof. Armellini considered that, as the deflection of a ray of light grazing Jupiter’s surface would be only 1/60th of 1”, and as, moreover, Jupiter has a dense atmosphere, it would not be practicable to verify Einstein’s theory by observations of stars in the neighbourhood of Jupiter. He wished to suggest an examination of the motion of the perihelion of the 5th Satellite of Jupiter.
4. Commission Des Ephemerides
Authors: Fayet M. G. 
Published: July 2016

Les circonstances critiques dues à la guerre ont eu pour conséquences, particulièrement en ce qui concerne l’office de la Connaisance des Temps, d’entraver fréquemment la réalisation des calculs assumés à la suite d’une entente internationale et, en outre, d’empêcher, ou tout au moins de retarder, la communication des résultats aux autres instituts de calcul.Le volume annuel des positions apparentes des étoiles fondamentales, dont l’office du Nautical Almanac assure la publication depuis 1941, a paru régulièrement. Plusieurs modifications touchant sa confection ont été envisagées; elles ont rapport aux valeurs adoptées pour les Day numbers et aux corrections de parallaxe. Il conviendra sans doute de procéder à une nouvelle répartition des calculs entre les divers offices participants. Il est désirable, d’autre part, que des mesures soient prises afin que cette publication indispensable puisse être mise à la disposition d’un plus grand nombre d’observatoires.
5. Commission Des Analyses De Travaux Et De Bibliographie
Authors: Lundmark M. K. , Bourgeois M. P. 
Published: July 2016

M. le Prof. Lundmark, président de la Commission, sérieusement malade, est empêché d’assister au Congrès et n’a pu établir de rapport. M. E. Holmberg annonce, que ce dernier envisage de publier en langue anglaise une liste des observatoires et des astronomes. La commission fait des vœux pour le prompt rétablissement du Prof. Lundmark.La première question à l’ordre du jour est la proposition du Comité National Français, transmise à la Commission par l’Assemblée Générale, d’accorder un appui financier à la Bibliographie mensuelle de l’Astronomie (B.M.A.).
9. Commission Des Instruments Astronomiques
Authors: Carroll M. J. A. 
Published: July 2016

The 200-inch telescope at Mt Palomar in California is complete and in process of adjustment prior to commencing a programme of observations. The large mirror, after successful figuring, has been transported to the observatory without mishap and it is expected that some months at least will be spent on adjustments to its supports and in testing its performance and that of the associated gear.The Royal Observatory, Greenwich, is to move to Herstmonceux near the south coast of England. The conditions at Greenwich have deteriorated steadily over many years and the new site offers as good conditions climatically as can be found in Great Britain and is well removed from industrial glare or fog as there are no towns near the new site, which consists of a fine old moated brick castle in some 200 acres of ground.
14. Commission des Etalons de Longueur d’Onde et des Tables de Spectres Solaires
Authors: Meggers M. W. F. , King R. B. 
Published: July 2016

Barrell has given (Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 186, 164, 1946 and Revue de Métrologie Pratique et Légale, 2e série, 7, 33, 1947) a summary of nine directly measured values of the wavelength of the red line of cadmium in terms of the International Metre.The values originally reported (column 3) are corrected in column 4 to take account of subsequent conclusions regarding the values to be attributed to the ruled standards of length employed and adjustments to uniform conditions of normal air.
23. Commission de la Carte du Ciel
Authors: Esclangon M. E. , Baillaud M. B. , Baillaud MM. J. , Baldwin  , Bemporad A. , Bhaskaran  , Curlewis  , Delvosal  , Dyson  , Favaro  , Gallo  , Gonnessiat  , Herrero  , Jones  , Lagarde  , Lagrula  , Penine  , Picart L. , Sampson  , Stroobant  
Published: July 2016

Depuis le dernier Rapport, la Commission de la Carte du Ciel a été durement et douloureusement éprouvée par la mort imprévue de son eminent Président H. H. Turner. Il laisse parmi ses collègues de profonds et unanimes regrets.Il s’était ardemment dévoué à ses fonctions de Président et, plus particulièrement, à l’achèvement du Catalogue photographique, auquel, sous sa direction, l’Observatoire de l’Université d’Oxford avait déjà pris une grande part. Sous son impulsion, et souvent avec le concours de son Observatoire, des Zones en retard avaient accompli d’importants progrès. Sa fin prématurée ne lui aura pas permis de voir le Catalogue terminé. Après comme avant la mort de Turner, la poursuite de ce but, qui lui était cher, demeure la tâche la plus urgente.
24. Commission des Parallaxes Stellaires et des Mouvements Propres
Authors: Mitchell M. S. A. , Adams M. M. , Alden  , Bianchi  , Curtis  , Davidson C. R. , de Sitter  , Fox  , Harper  , Jones  , Jordan  , Knox-Shaw  , Lee  , Lindblad  , Lockyer  , Luyten  , Miller  , Moffitt  , Nechvíle  , Russell  , Schlesinger  , Shapley  , Slocum  , Smart  , Van Maanen  , Van Rhijn  , Voûte  
Published: July 2016

In November 1931 the President circulated a letter to the members of the Commission which in part was as follows:In view of the fact that it is now over a quarter of a century since Schlesinger by photography began to determine trigonometric parallaxes by a long focus telescope, and fifteen years since Adams and Kohlschütter derived the first spectroscopic parallaxes, it would seem appropriate to take stock of our present position and to make plans for future development.Will you be good enough, therefore, to furnish such statements concerning the following topics as are appropriate to the work of your observatory?
33. Commission de la Statistique Stellaire
Authors: Van Rhijn M. P. J. , Baillaud MM. J. , Charlier  , Eddington  , Hertzsprung  , Hirayama S. , Lindblad  , Lundmark  , Luyten  , Malmquist  , Oort  , Pannekoek  , Russell  , Seares  , Stromberg  , Van Maanen  
Published: July 2016

The following recommendations have been made:1. That a catalogue of the fainter stars with known proper motions or at least a list of the authorities of the proper motion of the fainter stars should be published (Van Maanen).2. That the parallax observers are requested to publish the basis of selection of the stars of their observing programme.
Commission 7. (Dynamical Astronomy.)
Authors: Strömgren E. , Roy Felix De 
Published: July 2016

After having marked his agreement with Prof. de Sitter, when he stated in his report (p. 27) that at the present moment there do not appear to be any problems in dynamical astronomy requiring combined action and international co-operation, the Chairman briefly reviewed those problems in dynamical astronomy which have been studied in the past four years.They include methods for the determination of orbits and their adaptation to the use of computing machines; multiple solutions in the problem of the determination of orbits; researches on the final state of dynamical systems with slowly varying parameters (e.g. with varying masses), applications, for instance, to the problem of tides; general dynamical problems of stability and recurrence; lunar theory (problems of convergence, non-uniformity of the rotation of the Earth); problems of perturbations (development of the perturbation function, the Trojan group and other asteroid problems, satellites); the restricted problem of three bodies (numerical investigations and their mathematical foundation, the problems of “sorts” and “groups” [“Klassen”]; analytical investigations on the non-existence of periodic solutions in the range of critical commensurabilities); regularization of the singularities of the problem of three bodies; special cases of the problems of 3 and n bodies; general mathematical theory of the existence of rotating figures of equilibrium; relativity—gravitation—light.
Commission 9. (Astronomical Instruments.)
Authors: Pluvinel M. le Comte de la Baume , Chrétien H. 
Published: July 2016

The Commission discussed and adopted the President’s report and passed the following resolution for submission to the General Assembly: “La Commission souhaite que l’on se mette d’accord pour définir des nombres caractéristiques pouvant représenter les qualités optiques des grands instruments.”
Commission 22. (Étoiles Filantes.)
Authors: Olivier  , De Roy M. F. 
Published: July 2016

The Rev. T. E. R. Phillips submitted a proposal from Commission 16, suggesting that Commission 22 should take from them the subject of comets. After some discussion, in which it was pointed out that, on practical grounds, the methods of observation should outweigh any theoretical considerations in the matter, the following motion was moved by Prof. Öpik, seconded by Prof. Boothroyd, and carried:“Commission 22 considers that it is not desirable that Comets should be joined to their subject.”
Commission 23. (Carte du Ciel.)
Authors: Esclangon M. , Hujer M. K. 
Published: July 2016

M. le Président rend hommage à ceux de ses membres que la Commission a perdus depuis sa précédente réunion: son eminent Président Turner, le P. Hagen et M. Cosserat.Il rend succinctement compte de l’état des travaux du Catalogue et de la Carte, et fait ressortir les notables progrès effectués depuis le dernier Rapport.
Commission 28. (Nebulae and Stellar Clusters.)
Authors: Lundmark K. , Miller F. D. 
Published: July 2016

Dr Lundmark called attention to the deaths of two members of the Commission, Miss Adelaide Ames and Father J. G. Hagen, and of a past member and former chairman, Dr G. Bigourdan, and outlined their contributions to the subject.The secretary read a letter from the chairman, Dr Hubble, suggesting that the meeting be devoted primarily to informal discussion of relevant problems.Dr Lundmark, as an introduction, read the recommendations adopted by the Commission in 1928. This was followed by the reading of the first part of the acting chairman’s report on the advance and present state of knowledge of the anagalactic nebulae.
Commission 29. (Stellar Classification.)
Authors: Russell H. N. , Beals C. S. 
Published: July 2016

The Commission held two meetings and the time was taken up almost entirely in a discussion of stellar classification.Dr J. S. Plaskett moved, seconded by Miss Payne, that a sub-committee be appointed to consider the classification of Wolf Rayet and related spectra.The committee was appointed as follows: Miss C. H. Payne, Prof. H. H. Plaskett, Dr C. S. Beals, Chairman.Dr W. S. Adams moved, seconded by Dr J. S. Plaskett, that a sub-committee be appointed to tabulate and bring up to date criteria of classification for both high and low dispersion at present in use throughout the stellar sequence.The committee was appointed as follows: Miss A. J. Cannon, Dr O. Strave, Prof. H. H. Plaskett, Dr B. Lindblad, Dr W. S. Adams, Chairman.
Commission 31. (Bureau De l’Heure.)
Authors: Nörlund N. E. , Lambert M. A. 
Published: July 2016

Après avoir rappelé le souvenir du Général Ferrie et de M. Bigourdan, décédés au cours de l’année, le Président met aux vœux l’élection du Vice-Président de la Commission, en remplacement du Général Ferrie. A l’unanimité le Général G. Perrier est élu et il est invité par le Président à prendre place au bureau.Le Président fait connaître qu’il a examiné les comptes du B.I.H. pour les quatre dernières années et que les règlements ont été respectés:Les dépenses se sont élevées.
14. Commission des Étalons de Longueur d’onde et des Tables de Spectres Solaires
Authors: Fowler M. A. , Babcock MM. , Burns  , Fabry C. , Jackson C. V. , Kayser  , Meggers  , Nagaoka  
Published: July 2016

The 1932 report of this Commission, and the report of the ensuing discussion, revealed an unsatisfactory position with regard to sources of the red line of cadmium which could be relied upon to give the adopted standard value for the wave-length 6438.4696 x 10−10 metre.Dr Meggers has summarised the position very clearly in a recent paper on “ Interference Measurements in the Spectra of Noble Gases” (B.S.J. Research, 13, 293, 1934) and has expressed a strong preference for the specification of the Michelson lamp adopted in 1927 by the International Conference of Weights and Measures (see Trans I.A.U. 4, 58, 1932). He points out that the I.A.U. specification of 1925 is less restricted, inasmuch as it does not exclude high-frequency excitation and makes no mention of the volume or capillary bore of the tube, but requires that it must give interferences with differences of path of at least 200,000 waves. The last condition is considered objectionable on the ground that this is less than half of the theoretical or actual limit of the Michelson tube, and it is further considered that cadmium sources in which any such reduction in interference order occurs will certainly yield a different value for the primary standard.
18. Commission des Longitudes par Télégraphie Sans Fil
Authors: Perrier G. , Lambert M. A. , Bianchi MM. , Bowie  , Coculesco  , Lobo Da Costa , de Lemos  , Esclangon  , Fayet  , Fichot  , Hashimoto  , Iwanoff  , Jackson J. , Jeffers  , Jones  , Jouaust  , Kohlschütter E. , Krassowski  , Lambert A. , Lejay  , Moreau  , Niethammer  , Nörlund  , Nušl  , Plakidis  , Sampson  , Silva  , Sollenberger  , Stewart  , Stoyko  , Volta  , Watts  , Witkowski  
Published: July 2016

Trois résolutions ont été adoptées par la 4e Assemblée générale de l’Union astronomique internationale, à Cambridge (Mass.) en 1932.Elles se rapportaient à l’opération internationale des longitudes (réalisée en 1933) et avaient pour objet:(1)L’émission d’un trait d’une durée de 10 secondes après tout envoi de signaux horaires.(2)La mission confiée au Bureau international de l’Heure (B.I.H.) de centraliser, discuter et publier les résultats de l’opération.(3)L’approbation du programme des opérations, exposé dans le Rapport présenté à Cambridge par le Président et le Secrétaire de la Commission.Le Président est heureux de constater que les propositions de ce Rapport ont pu être réalisées dans une très large part. Il remercie tous les Observatoires et organismes participants de leur collaboration et les félicite vivement de l’activité qu’ils ont déployée pendant la campagne scientifique de 1933.
27. Commission des Étoiles Variables
Authors: Nijland M. A. A. , Dugan M. R. S. , Banachiewicz MM. , Bemporad A. , Blažko  , Campbell L. , Cox  , Danjon  , de Roy  , Dufay  , Einbu  , Gadomski  , Gerasimovič  , Graff  , Grouiller  , Guthnick  , Hellerich  , Henroteau  , Hertzsprung  , Hoffmeister  , Jacchia  , Jordan  , Kordy-lewski  , Kukarkin  , Lacchini  , Ludendorff  , Luplau-Janssen  , McLaughlin  , Merrill  , Mitchell  , Nielsen  , Pickering D. B. , Prager  , Sawyer Mlle , Shapley MM. , Silva  , Steavenson  , Stebbins  , Strömgren E. , Swope Mlle , Bruggencate MM.ten , Voûte  , Zessewitch  
Published: July 2016

It is well-nigh impossible to give, in a short report, an adequate idea of the enormous activity in Variable-Star Astronomy during the past three years. Without attempting to be complete I shall give a summary of the most important recent occurrences in this field of research.Statistical data for eclipsing binaries were given by Gaposchkin (Veröff. Berlin-Bab. 9, Heft 5), for long-period variable stars by Ludendorff (Sitz.-ber. Ak. d. Wiss. Berlin, 1932), Thomas (Veröff. Berlin-Bab. 9, Heft 4) and Sterne and L. Campbell (Harvard Annals).Some valuable catalogues have been issued: a Finding List for Observers of Eclipsing Variables by Dugan (Princeton Contr. No. 15), a Catalogue of Eclipsing Variables, together with a Program of Investigations, by Martinoff (Engelhardt Obs. Bull. No. 2), a Catalogue and Ephemeris of Short-period Cepheids by Zessewitsch (Len. Un. A. 0. Bull. No. 3).