bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIV-4 Effectiveness of maternal bovine appeasing substance on growth, physiological, and behavioral responses of high-risk stocker cattle
Authors: Johnston Elle P , Kegley Elizabeth B , Powell Jeremy G , Pennicott Chantel , Reynolds Jana L , Cheek Robin A , Weimer Shawna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Stocker cattle purchased at auction can be susceptible to disease due to the stressors associated with the auction process. These cattle are labeled “high-risk” due to their decreased immune system during transportation, handling, and vaccination processes. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a maternal bovine appeasing substance, FerAppease, on growth performance and fearfulness of stocker cattle. Male beef calves (n = 80) were purchased at auction and transported to the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Savoy Research Complex Beef Stocker Unit. Steers and bulls were of varying age, breed, and temperament. Upon arrival to the facility (d 0), bulls (n = 48) were castrated by banding and cattle were assigned to 8 pens (n = 10 calves/pen; 4 bulls and 6 steers/pen). On d 0, cattle in 4 pens were treated with FerAppease (FA) on the nuchal skin (n = 40) and cattle in the other 4 pens were not treated and served as controls (CON, n = 40). All cattle received commercial clostridial and respiratory vaccines and were treated with an anthelmintic. Cattle were offered bermudagrass hay for ad libitum intake and were fed a grain supplement (1.8 kg/d) to meet or exceed nutrient requirements. To measure growth performance, body weight (BW) was recorded on d 0, 3, 14, 28, 41, 42 of the study and used to calculate average daily gain (ADG). Body weights on d 41 and 42 were averaged to calculate final BW. To measure fearfulness, exit chute velocity (ECV) was measured with a rodeo timer and recorded on d 3, 14, 28, 41, and 42. To measure inflammation, blood was collected from 5 calves/pen (n = 3 bulls and 2 steers/pen) on d 0, 3, 28 and 42 and haptoglobin (Hp) was measured in blood serum. A two-way ANOVA with the fixed effects of sex (arrived as steer or bull) and treatment (FA, CON) and random effect of pen was used for analysis. Serum Hp was log transformed to improve normality. There was not a treatment effect on any of the measures collected. Steers had a greater BW throughout the study (P ≤ 0.05), weighing more than bulls at the end of the study (261 kg vs 241 kg, respectively). Steers also had a greater (P &lt; 0.0001) ADG than bulls (1.14 vs. 0.84 kg/d, respectively). On d 3 and 14, steers exited the chute more rapidly (P &lt; 0.05) than bulls. There was an interactive effect on serum d 28 Hp concentrations (P = 0.04), where CON bulls had greater Hp concentrations (111,261 ng/mL) than CON steers (13,055 ng/mL), with FA steers and bulls intermediate. The results from this study indicate that there was no consistent effect of the treatment on the measures collected.
PSIV-9 Pedigree tracing to determine the origin of the golden coat phenotype within the Golden American Saddlebred horse
Authors: Culwell Julius , North Ed , Nicodemus Molly , Cavinder Clay A , Williams Toree 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the incorporation of the Golden American Saddlebred Horse Association (GASHA) into the American Saddlebred Horse Association (ASHA), breeding specifically for coat color within the breed registry became less of an emphasis for horse breeders. Nevertheless, historical documentation of the horses making up the foundation of the GASHA through the application of pedigree tracing holds value in understanding the origin of the breed and its coat color. This can be of value to horse breeders targeting a specific coat color as the study of coat colors is a relatively new field of research within equine science. Thus, the objective of this study was to document the historical origins of the GASHA through pedigree tracing to determine the influence of the dilution genes that produce the golden coat phenotype. A random sample of 550 horses was obtained from the Official Directory of GASHA. Using the All-Breed Data Base, sampled horses were entered and examined for pedigrees suitable for analysis of color inheritance, and of these, 507 were found to have extended pedigrees with documented coat colors that were used for this study. Results determined that 43% of traced pedigrees carried the champagne gene, 36.1% carried the cream gene, and 20% had pedigrees that were non-informative as these pedigrees went to unknown ancestors or were found to be incorrect as to ancestry. Another 0.9% were determined to be obligate carriers for the cream gene; as the pedigrees presented conflict concerning color designation so that accurate conclusion of coat color phenotype associated with the cream dilution gene could not be verified. Of the 507, all traced back to 6 foundation mares and most of the breed traced back to 2 of these mares; with one mare, Maud, being a champagne mutation and the other, Allens Queen, a cream mutation (Table 1). In conclusion, through pedigree tracing the GASHA origins were documented giving an understanding as to the genetic contributions for today’s GASHA golden coat color. Further, these results will give breeders more input on how they might select for certain coat color phenotypes.
PSIV-3 Quantifying free choice mineral intake in a lamb feedlot setting: Implications for cost of mineral supplementation
Authors: Dooley Elisabeth F , Kersh Aaron J , Laverell Dylan M , Mills Joe B , Scasta John D , Lima Paulo M T , Gifford Cody L , Stewart Whit C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess mineral consumption in feedlot lambs on a pen basis, comparing estimated intakes with the manufacturer’s specified target intake and examining potential influences of environmental variables on free-choice mineral intake. Lambs [n = 93; initial body weight (BW) = 45.68 kg ± 1.51] were evaluated as part of the “Lamb-A-Year” producer discovery program at the University of Wyoming – Laramie Research and Extension Center (Laramie, WY). There were wethers (n = 68) and ewe lambs (n = 25) of diverse breed types (Western white-faced n = 47, black-faced n = 4, crossbred n = 42) sourced from 24 regional sheep producers. Upon arrival, lambs were allocated to eight pens (10 to 12 lambs/pen) and provided ad libitum access to a custom textured ration over a 24-d testing period. Each pen received 1.81 kg of a custom granularized mix containing specified levels of Ca, P, NaCl, Se, vitamin A, and vitamin D daily. Mineral intake was determined by subtracting residual mineral from the 1.81 kg administered the previous day. Individual consumption was calculated by dividing total mineral intake by the number of lambs in each pen. The difference between actual intake and target intake was computed per pen to estimate cost per head based on a $1,440 metric ton (t). A least squares regression analysis was employed to examine the effects of average daily temperature range, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature on mineral intake. Across the 24-d period, mean intake was 46.26 ± 1.9 g/head/d with an upper 95% mean of 50.24 g/head/d and a lower 95% mean of 42.28 gּ lamb-1ּ d-1. The study found that the mean difference between observed mineral intake and the manufacturer’s target intake was 22.4 ± 1.9 gּ lamb-1ּ d-1, with intake exceeding target intake on 23 d out of 24 d. This overconsumption translated to an increased cost of $0.04ּ lamb-1ּ d-1Statistical analysis revealed that neither the average daily temperature range (P = 0.06), minimum temperature (P = 0.36), nor maximum temperature (P = 0.60) adequately explained the variability in mineral intake. These results underscore the importance of addressing overconsumption of free-choice minerals in housed lamb feeding settings, where intake was roughly double the manufacturer’s target. Furthermore, there is a clear need for additional research to quantify the variability in mineral intake in grazing sheep production systems.
PSIV-1 Concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone and progesterone in female offspring born to ewes poorly fed during gestation
Authors: Kuhl Ariel A , Tillquist Nicole M , Reiter Amanda S , Kawaida Mia Y , Dougherty Morgan M , Barnello Nicholas M , Reed Sarah A , Govoni Kristen E , Zinn Steven A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of poor maternal nutrition (restricted- and over-feeding) during gestation on the reproductive efficiency of female offspring. We hypothesized that ewes born to restricted- and over-fed dams would have reduced fertility and decreased concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and progesterone (P4). Multiparous Dorset ewes (F0; n = 46) were fed one of three diets from d 30 of gestation until parturition according to NRC requirements for total digestible nutrients: control- (100%), restricted- (60%), or over- (140%) fed. Resulting female offspring (F1; n = 38) were raised on a control diet and are identified as CON (n = 10), RES (n = 12), or OVER (n = 16) corresponding to diets of their dam. Between 16 and 19 mo of age, the F1 ewes were estrous synchronized by vaginal insertion of a controlled intravaginal drug release device (CIDR) for a 12-d period, followed by a 2 mL (5 mg/mL) intramuscular injection of prostaglandin F2α, and then bred to one of two related rams. Day 0 of gestation was considered when a raddle mark was observed on the rump of the ewe. Time to pregnancy was calculated as the number of days from when the ewes were initially housed with the ram until d 0 of gestation. Based on ultrasounds on d 37 ± 0.77 of gestation, all F1 ewes were identified as pregnant on first service and number of fetuses was recorded and lambs born were counted at parturition. Data were analyzed using RStudio with a significance of P ≤ 0.05 and a tendency of 0.05 &lt; P ≤ 0.10. Maternal diet did not significantly affect time to pregnancy, number of fetuses, or number of lambs born (P ≥ 0.13). Blood samples (10 mL) were collected via jugular venipuncture at four timepoints (d -14, -7, 0, 7) corresponding to d 0 of gestation and were analyzed for concentrations of FSH and P4 by enzyme-linked immunoassays in 29 ewes (CON: n = 8, RES: n = 8, OVER: n = 13). The CON ewes had 15.2% less FSH than OVER ewes (P = 0.05) and RES ewes tended to have 14.2% less FSH than OVER ewes (P = 0.08). Concentrations of P4 were not different in F1 ewes (P ≥ 0.14). However, concentrations of P4 in F1 ewes tended to increase (P = 0.08) by 12% from d -14 to d 0, which corresponds with a normal estrous cycle. The increased concentration of FSH in OVER ewes could be due to a dysregulation of FSH. However, those effects may be mitigated at some point in time later in gestation since there were no differences in time to pregnancy nor number of lambs born.
PSIV-5 Prioritizing candidate genes for seminal traits and residual feed intake in cattle: Integrating QTLome Analysis and RNAseq Datasets
Authors: Garcia Emmanuel , Jahuey-Martínez Francisco Joel , Carrasco V Julissa , Martinez-Quintana Jose A A , Rodríguez-Almeida Felipe A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The QTLome represents the collection of QTLs (quantitative trait loci) documented for each trait within a specific species, detailing the position, effect, and mode of inheritance of each locus. Despite the abundance of known QTLs for productive traits in cattle, only a few genes have been identified as selection markers. This study aimed to prioritize genes within validated QTLs associated with crucial traits in cattle by integrating this information with RNAseq data. Initially, bovine QTLs (n = 161,730) were sourced from the AnimalQTLdb database (version 44), and both graphical and quantitative analyses were conducted using R software. Only annotations within the UMD 3.1 genome were considered, with overlapping QTLs from the same scientific report grouped together. Following quality control measures, the number of QTLs was reduced to 37,146. Validated QTLs were determined by identifying overlapping annotations from various studies or those within a distance of &lt; 1 Mb for the same phenotypic trait, resulting in a total of 3,856 validated QTLs. For gene prioritization, validated QTLs were selected based on semen traits and residual feed intake (RFI). Transcriptomes corresponding to these traits were sourced from NCBI (PRJNA516089 and PRJEB7696). Sequence filtering was performed using the fastp program, and transcript counts were obtained with SALMON software. Sequences were aligned to the Ensembl UMD 3.1 reference genome (version 94), and differential expression analysis was conducted using the R package DESeq2, considering only the group factor (high/low) for each trait (fertility/RFI). Integration of QTLs and transcriptomes utilized the methodology of the cageminer R package, which prioritizes candidate genes within validated QTLs, identifies those grouped in co-expression modules enriched by reference genes, and correlates with the study phenotype (biserial r &gt; 0.2). Reference genes were obtained from Ignatieva et al. (2021 PMID 34290736) and Chen et al. (2021; PMID 33664767). Among the 18 validated QTLs for semen traits, four candidate genes (TSPAN6, QSER1, ADRB2, AKAP4) were identified. Except for ADRB2, these genes exhibited significant differential expression (P &lt; 0.05) in contrasting groups of Holstein cattle. They are associated with semen traits and perform functions such as regulation of spermatogenesis, development, activation, and cell growth. Regarding RFI, 127 validated QTLs yielded 205 prioritized genes, of which 123 showed significant differential expression (P &lt; 0.05) in divergent groups of the Nelore breed. These genes are involved in the immune response and the polymerization and organization of actin filaments, processes that have been reported as biologically relevant to RFI. The implemented strategy was efficient for gene prioritization through the integration of QTLs and RNAseq.
PSV-23 Physiological status evolution of veal calves after reception period
Authors: Blanch Marta , Pastor Jose J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Veal calves have to deal with several stressors early in life, such as transport and commingling with animals of unknown health histories from multiple different origins; making the reception a possible critical period where animals should adapt to all these challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evolution of the physiological status of veal calves after farm reception. Dairy beef calves [n = 84; body weight (BW) = 44.3 ± 3.05 kg, BVD-free] coming from auction market were followed during the 8 wk after farm arrival. On farm arrival animals were housed individually until d 39 when animals were grouped in pens of 4 calves. Animals (n = 24) were blood sampled on d 1 (day of arrival), on d 7, on d 37, and on d 41 (48 h before and after grouping animal) to analyze biomarkers related to immune system (MILLIPLEX MAP Kit), energy status (BHBA) and gut integrity (citrulline, lactulose and mannitol). Data were analyzed by unpaired t-test (normally distributed data) or by non-parametric Mann-Whitney test (data not normally distributed). After the first week of adaptation (d 7 vs d 1), animals showed a general activation of the immune system increasing serum concentration of interleukin (IL) 8 (P &lt; 0.001), interferon (INF) γ (P &lt; 0.001), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α (P &lt; 0.01), IL10 (P &lt; 0.001), macrophage Inflammatory Protein (MIP) 1α (P &lt; 0.05), IP10 (P &lt; 0.001), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) 1 (P &lt; 0.01), and IL1β (P &lt; 0.15). In parallel animals reduced the mobilization of fat, evidenced by a decrease in the concentration of BHBA (P &lt; 0.001), and displayed changes in gut permeability reducing lactulose and mannitol concentrations (related to paracellular and transcellular transport, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). On the other hand, after the grouping challenge on d 39 (comparing d 41 vs d 37), calves experienced a certain immunosuppression indicated by the reduction of IL10 (P &lt; 0.001), IP10 (P &lt; 0.01), MIP1β (P &lt; 0.01), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) α (P &lt; 0.05), and MCP1 (P &lt; 0.15). Moreover, after the mixing challenge, animals tended to increase the mannitol concentration (P &lt; 0.001) in serum. From this trial, we can conclude that the stress experienced by veal calves in situations like transport and/or mixing, has a direct impact on their immune system. The observed immunosuppression may increase their predisposition to experience health issues. Further research should be conducted in calves to develop strategies able to boost their immune system and increase their resilience in front of the challenges occurring wk 1 in a fattening farm.
PSV-24 Administering the maternal bovine appeasing substance before slaughter to improve carcass characteristics of finishing cattle
Authors: Cooke Reinaldo F , Kertz Nicholas C , Pickett Autumn , Mackey Shea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Two experiments evaluated carcass characteristics of finishing steers administered the maternal bovine appeasing substance (mBAS) prior to slaughter. In Exp. 1, Angus-influenced finishing steers (n = 954) housed in 6 original pens were used. Each original pen was split into a pair of experimental pens 14.3 d ± 3 d prior to slaughter, in a manner that number of steers and average pen body weight (BW) were similar. An oiler containing mBAS (Ferappease Finish Cattle 5%; FERA Diagnostics and Biologicals; College Station, TX) was added to one of the experimental pens 7 d prior to slaughter (n = 6), whereas the other pen did not contain an oiler (CON; n = 6). The oiler was designed to deliver 120 mL of mBAS/steer during a 7-d period. Steer BW was recorded 7 d prior to and during loading (final BW) to the packing plant. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.51) for BW gain, final BW, and proportion of carcasses that graded Choice or Prime. Carcass dressing was greater (P = 0.02) in mBAS compared with CON steers (65.9 vs. 64.2%; SEM = 0.5), which was not sufficient to impact hot carcass weight (HCW; P = 0.29). Incidence of dark-cutting carcasses did not differ between treatments (P = 0.23), despite being decreased by 3-fold in mBAS steers. In Exp. 2, Angus-influenced finishing steers (n = 80) housed in 16 pens (5 steers/pen) were used. Pens were arranged in 4 rows of 4 pens/row, and rows were alternately assigned to receive an oiler containing mBAS (n = 8) or mineral oil (CON+; n = 8) 7 d prior to slaughter. Oilers were designed to deliver 120 mL/steer of mBAS or mineral oil during the 7-d period. Steer BW was recorded as in Exp. 1, and a blood sample was collected during exsanguination. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.20) for BW parameters, carcass marbling score, backfat thickness, longissimus muscle area, yield grade, and proportion of carcasses that graded Choice or Prime. Carcass dressing was greater (P = 0.02) in mBAS steers compared with CON+ (60.6 vs. 59.6%; SEM = 0.3) but HCW did not differ (P = 0.47) between treatments. Plasma cortisol concentration was less (P &lt; 0.01) in mBAS steers compared with CON+ (11.7 vs. 20.8 ng/mL; SEM = 1.6). Incidence of dark-cutting carcasses did not differ (P = 0.53) between treatments, despite a 2-fold decrease in mBAS steers. In summary, mBAS administration to finishing cattle using oilers during the last 7 d on feed alleviated the stress elicited by the process of slaughter, which resulted in increased carcass dressing.
PSVI-23 Economic potential of field peas as an alternative to corn distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS) in beef heifer growing diets
Authors: Undi Michael , Biermacher Jon T , Sedivec Kevin K , Long Timothy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Field pea production in North Dakota has increased significantly over the past 20 yr with hectares planted increasing by more than 68% over that period. With the increase in supply of field peas, there is interest in evaluating whether using field peas in beef cattle finishing rations is economical compared with commonly used ingredients such as corn DDGS. This 2-yr study was conducted to a) determine the economic potential of field peas relative to corn DDGS in growing heifer diets, and b) identify price points for competitive utilization of field peas as an alternative to corn DDGS in growing heifer diets. Each year, 162 heifers were kept in six dry lot pens and fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous corn DDGS-based or field pea-based total mixed rations in the fall and winter. Heifer performance data analysis considered the fixed effects of diet (corn DDGS or field peas), season (fall and winter), and diet x season interaction. Economic evaluation of feed costs for each total mixed ration (TMR) was based on the 2-yr average measures of dry matter intake (DMI) and total body weight (BW) gain. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to calculate relative total cost of feeding field peas versus corn DDGS for a number of combinations of prices of corn DDGS and field peas. Heifer final BW, total BW gain, and daily BW gains (ADG) were not impacted (P &gt; 0.05) by diet when 0.33 kgּ d-1 and 0.48 kgּ d-1 of corn DDGS and field peas were incorporated into corn DDGS-based and field peas-based TMR, respectively. Seasonal differences in heifer performance showed greater (P &lt; 0.001) DMI in winter relative to fall and greater (P &lt; 0.001) total BW gain and ADG in the fall relative to winter. The relative value of field peas was mainly driven by amount of field peas incorporated into diets and price of field peas relative to corn DDGS. Overall, for a base-case average price of $325 MT-1 for corn DDGS, the breakeven price for field peas was equal to $231.15 MT-1, which was 36.8% less than the base-case price of $366 MT-1 for field peas, and 71% of the base-case price of corn DDGS. Conversely, for the base-case price of field peas of $366, the breakeven price of corn DDGS was equal to $514.60 MT-1, which was 58.3% more than the base-case price of $325 MT for corn DDGS and 140.6% more than the base-case price for field peas. Results show that there are economic benefits of including field peas in cattle rations when there is excess field peas production available at competitive prices and offer useful economic information to the field pea processing industry about the range of prices that beef cattle producers can afford to pay for field peas relative to corn DDGS.