bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical characteristics of the Antarctic sea-ice zone derived
from modelling and observations
Authors: Budd W. F. , Wu Xingren , Reid P. A. 
Published: November 2017

Antarctic sea ice plays a key role in the present climate system, providing
a regulating balance between the atmosphere and ocean heat fluxes, as well
as influencing the salt fluxes and deep water formation over the continental
shelves. The severe winter environmental conditions of the Antarctic sea-ice
zone make it difficult to observe many of the physical characteristics in a
comprehensive way. The inter-relations between the variables mean that much
can be learnt from the observations of some features along with detailed
numerical modelling of the whole system and the interactions between the
variables. This study therefore aims to use numerical modelling of the
atmosphere, sea ice and surface mixed-layer ocean in the sea-ice zone,
together with observations to simulate a comprehensive range of parameters
and their variability through the annual cycle to provide a basis for
further observations and model validation for the present climate.The model includes a coupled atmospheric general circulation model with an
interactive dynamic and thermodynamic sea-ice model and surface mixed-layer
ocean. The deep ocean and ocean surface conditions outside the sea-ice zone
are constrained to the present mean climate conditions to ensure no climatic
drift. The sca-ice model is similar to previous published versions, bill has
refined schemes for partitioning of the freezing of frazil ice within the
leads and under the ice floes, and for rafting. These perform well in both
polar regions with the same physics. The model simulates the annual cycle of
atmospheric and sea-ice features well in comparison with data from the
global atmospheric analyses, the satellite sensing of sea ice, and the
limited in situ surface observations.The output from the model also includes: all components of the heart fluxes,
atmospheric profiles and surface temperatures for air, ice and ice-ocean
mixtures, open-water fractions, surface snow and snow-ice depths, and the
sea-ice convergence-divergence and drift. The comparison of these features
with additional observations provides a means for further validating the
model and representing the present climate more closely.
The effect of sea-ice parameterizations on the simulation of the
Arctic ice pack
Authors: Vavrus Stephen J. 
Published: November 2017

A one-dimensional (1-D), thermodynamic sea-ice model with parameterized ice
dynamics is coupled to a mixed-layer ocean model and driven with prescribed
atmospheric forcings for the central Arctic. The model is used to calculate
the sensitivity of the ice pack to various parameterizations that have
traditionally been neglected or considered only implicitly in large-scale
sea-ice models. The model includes melt ponds, leads (with summertime
stratification), an ice-export term, a stability-dependent air–sea
heat-exchange coefficient, a prognostic ocean–ice heat exchange, a crude
ice-thickness distribution, and a sophisticated albedo parameterization.The ice pack is sensitive to the partitioning of solar energy between
lateral melting and mixed-layer warming, with the most realistic simulations
occurring when the heat is nearly evenly divided between these two
processes. Conversely, ice thickness and coverage are fairly insensitive to
the amount of lateral mixing within the upper ocean, vertical mixing within
leads, and to the partitioning of mixed-layer heat content between warming
the water and melting the ice bottom. The ice concentration during summer is
strongly dependent on the assumed ice-thickness distribution: the amount of
open water during summer is less than half the size of the empirically based
distribution used here, compared with one in which ice floes are distributed
uniformly across a range of thicknesses.
A high-resolution model of the 100 ka ice-age
cycle
Authors: Tarasov L. , Peltier W. R. 
Published: November 2017

Significant improvements to the representation of climate forcing and
mass-balance response in a coupled two-dimensional global energy balance
climate model (EBM) and vertically integrated ice-sheet model (ISM) have led
to the prediction of an ice-volume chronology for the most recent ice-age
cycle of the Northern Hemisphere that is close to that inferred from the
geological record. Most significant is that full glacial termination is
delivered by the model without the need for new physical ingredients. In
addition, a relatively close match is achieved between the Last Glacial
Maximum (LGM) model ice topography and that of the recently-described ICE-4G
reconstruction. These results suggest that large-scale climate system
reorganization is not required to explain the main variations of the North
American (NA) ice sheets over the last glacial cycle. Lack of sea-ice and
marine-ice dynamics in the model leaves the situation over the Eurasian (EA)
sector much more uncertain.The incorporation of a gravitationally self-consistent description of the
glacial isostatic adjustment process demonstrates that the NA and EA bedrock
responses can be adequately represented by simpler damped-relaxation models
with characteristic time-scales of 3–5ka and 5 ka, respectively. These
relaxation times agree with those independently inferred on the basis of
postglacial relative sea-level histories.
Existence of an ice cap during the mid-Cretaceous period (120–90
Ma): an AGCM investigation
Authors: Ramstein G. , Fluteau F. , Masson V. 
Published: November 2017

Many questions remain concerning whether or not an ice cap existed during
the mid-Cretaceous period (120–90 Ma). Other than data and observations from
ice-rafted materials, atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) may be
appropriate tools to investigate whether changes in atmospheric composition,
land-sea distribution, or oceanic circulation (used as boundary conditions
to constrain the model), provide the climatic conditions that enable ice
caps to be formed.This study uses an AGCM developed by the Laboratoire de Météorologie
Dynamique (LMD) to perform a set of numerical sensitivity experiments to
investigate plate tectonics (land–sea distribution and orography),
CO2 partial pressure in the atmosphere and changes in
prescribed sea-surface temperatures. The main goals are to quantify the
effect of each forcing factor on the increase of Northern Hemisphere
high-latitude temperatures, and to investigate whether combining these
factors produce temperatures that would allow the ice-sheet formation.
On modeling sea-ice fracture and flow in numerical
investigations of climate
Authors: Hibler W. D. , Schulson Erland M. 
Published: November 2017

Sea ice on the large scale is characterized by leads and ridges that
typically have a given orientation. Because of various flaws, we would
expect that the ice will form oriented leads and ice-thickness
characteristics that control the heat and moisture fluxes into the
atmosphere. Prediction of these oriented leads, ridges and slip lines is
relevant to understanding the role of ice mechanics in global climate change
as they can play a significant role in the ice-thickness distribution.In this paper we develop a model for the dynamical treatment of leads and
oriented flaws in large-scale sea-ice models. Two particular isotropic
realizations of this model relevant to climate studies are examined: (a) an
isotropic composite with oriented leads in all directions imbedded in thick
ice, and (b) a simple "strain hardening" isotropic model where only oriented
leads having the potential to open rapidly are allowed. Under applied stress
both models yield preferential deformation along a symmetric pair of
intersecting leads or ridges with the intersection angles dependent on the
confinement stress. The "uniform-orientation" model results in a yield curve
that approximates a sine lens, while the "strain hardening" model has a
teardrop-like yield curve. How the resulting fracture-based yield curves and
non-normal flow rules may be cast in a form usable in numerical
investigations of climate is discussed.
Pomalidomide in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease due to Systemic Sclerosis: A Phase II, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study
Authors: Hsu Vivien M. , Denton Christopher P. , Domsic Robyn T. , Furst Daniel E. , Rischmueller Maureen , Stanislav Marina , Steen Virginia D. , Distler Jörg H.W. , Korish Shimon , Cooper Alyse , Choi Suktae , Schafer Peter H. , Horan Gerald , Hough Douglas R. 
Published: November 2017

Objective.To evaluate the safety and efficacy of pomalidomide (POM) on forced vital capacity (FVC), modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), and gastrointestinal (GI) symptomatology over 52 weeks of treatment in patients with interstitial lung disease due to systemic sclerosis (SSc).Methods.Twenty-three adult patients diagnosed with SSc were randomized 1:1 POM:placebo (PBO).Results.Mean change at Week 52 from baseline in predicted FVC% −5.2 and −2.8; mRSS −2.7 and −3.7; and UCLA Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract (SCTC GIT 2.0) score 0.1 and 0.0, with POM and PBO, respectively. Statistical significance was not achieved for any of these 3 primary endpoints at 52 weeks.Conclusion.Because of recruitment challenges, subject enrollment was discontinued early. In an interim analysis, the study did not meet its Week 52 primary endpoints. Therefore, a decision was made to terminate all study phases. POM was generally well tolerated, with an adverse event profile consistent with the known safety and tolerability profile of POM in other diseases. Study results were neither positive nor negative because too few subjects were enrolled to make meaningful conclusions. Clinical Trials number:NCT01559129.
La traduction automatique comme outil d’aide à la rédaction scientifique en anglais langue seconde : résultats d’une étude exploratoire sur la qualité linguistique
Authors: Goulet Marie-Josée , Simard Michel , Parra Escartín Carla , O’Brien Sharon 
Published: November 2017

Nous explorons dans cet article la pertinence d’utiliser la traduction automatique (TA) comme outil d’aide à la rédaction scientifique en anglais langue seconde (ALS). L’expérience, à laquelle ont participé dix chercheurs, comprenait deux tâches : la rédaction d’un texte en ALS et la rédaction d’un texte en langue maternelle. Ce dernier a ensuite été traduit automatiquement et post-édité par le participant. Par la suite, nous avons évalué la qualité linguistique des textes produits dans les deux situations, à partir d’une analyse des modifications linguistiques effectuées par une réviseure professionnelle. Selon nos résultats, la qualité linguistique des textes est sensiblement la même dans les deux situations, tandis que des différences apparaissent dans les dimensions linguistiques et dans les types d’unités touchées. L’article se termine par une réflexion sur les facteurs pouvant influencer ces résultats. Nous concluons en réitérant la pertinence d’étudier l’utilisation de la TA pour la rédaction d’articles en anglais de spécialité.
Is there 1.5-million-year-old ice near Dome C, Antarctica?
Authors: Parrenin Frédéric , Cavitte Marie G. P. , Blankenship Donald D. , Chappellaz Jérôme , Fischer Hubertus , Gagliardini Olivier , Masson-Delmotte Valérie , Passalacqua Olivier , Ritz Catherine , Roberts Jason , Siegert Martin J. , Young Duncan A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Ice sheets provide exceptional archives of past changes in polar climate, regional environment and global atmospheric composition. The oldest dated deep ice core drilled in Antarctica has been retrieved at EPICA Dome C (EDC), reaching ∼ 800 000 years. Obtaining an older paleoclimatic record from Antarctica is one of the greatest challenges of the ice core community. Here, we use internal isochrones, identified from airborne radar coupled to ice-flow modelling to estimate the age of basal ice along transects in the Dome C area. Three glaciological properties are inferred from isochrones: surface accumulation rate, geothermal flux and the exponent of the Lliboutry velocity profile. We find that old ice (> 1.5 Myr, 1.5 million years) likely exists in two regions: one ∼ 40 km south-west of Dome C along the ice divide to Vostok, close to a secondary dome that we name Little Dome C (LDC), and a second region named North Patch (NP) located 10–30 km north-east of Dome C, in a region where the geothermal flux is apparently relatively low. Our work demonstrates the value of combining radar observations with ice flow modelling to accurately represent the true nature of ice flow, and understand the formation of ice-sheet architecture, in the centre of large ice sheets.
Strengths-based student-led presentations in clinical reflection seminars: Narratives of learning experiences
Authors: Zou Ping , Easton Lauren , Mudrick Emily , Grzelak Stephanie , Vanderlee Rick 
Published: November 2017

According to the strengths-based care theory, the strengths-based student-led presentation was designed and implemented in order to improve learning and teaching experiences in clinical reflection seminars. This paper describes learning experiences of both the instructor and the learners, explores common narrative themes, and discusses future implications of strengths-based applications in undergraduate nursing education. Through reflection on learning experiences, four themes, including creating a caring and empathetic learning environment, an open self-directed curriculum design, reciprocal learning, and leadership to influence peers and practicum, have been explored.
An Exploratory Study of Transediting in Students’ Translation Processes
Authors: Schrijver Iris , Van Vaerenbergh Leona , Van Waes Luuk 
Published: November 2017

Editing and translating are interconnecting concepts with fuzzy borderlines. In 1989, Stetting coined the term transediting to refer to the overlap of both activities in the translation task. This article reviews the existing literature on this topic. It also reports on an exploratory study of transediting in the translation processes of translation students with different degrees of declarative and procedural knowledge. Four MA translation students were asked to translate an American patient information leaflet (PIL) for a Dutch-speaking audience in accordance with the valid European Medicines Agency (EMA) directive. Of the four participants, two participants possessed only declarative knowledge of both the EMA standards and the text type. The other two participants also had some procedural knowledge, i.e. experience with translating patient information leaflets. Data on the translation processes were collected through think-aloud protocols and computer keystroke logging. By triangulating the data, we found not only a difference in the degree of transediting carried out by the participants, but also divergence in phase allocation of transediting in the translation processes. No clear link could be established between the use of transediting and the participants’ declarative and procedural knowledge.
Procedimientos de transformación de superficies laminares como recurso didáctico en la formación de diseñadores.
Authors: Andujar José Ramón , Álvarez Lourdes , Bores José Luis , Otero Julián , Torralba Eva 
Published: November 2017

Resumen: Se describe la experiencia desarrollada en la Escuela Superior de Diseño de Valencia de utilizar el origami como recurso didáctico para formar diseñadores. El término origami, de origen japonés, queda muy condicionado por la tradición y se plantea un criterio más amplio de las técnicas relacionadas con él y su aplicación para la formación en diseño. Se explica cómo surge esta iniciativa y se describen los cambios de planteamiento metodológico llevados a cabo para su implementación en la asignatura Espacio y volumen, dentro de un marco de innovación educativa. Se presentan los beneficios y cualidades para la enseñanza de este conjunto de procedimientos que afectan a los alumnos, como receptores directos de la experiencia, y a los profesores como agentes implicados en su desarrollo. Se describen las habilidades que se pueden fomentar al aplicar los principios del plegado de papel, la relación directa con la geometría y cómo se amplía y profundiza en su conocimiento, convirtiéndose en un instrumento válido para conocer los principios del diseño tridimensional. Finalmente, se argumenta cómo estos procedimientos, de transformación de una superficie laminar en volumen, en su conjunto, son adecuados para trabajar en todas las especialidades de diseño y se presentan como un método de trabajo aplicable en el proceso creativo. Palabras clave: innovación educativa, origami, geometría, creatividad, metodología, diseño tridimensional. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the experience of implementing origami as a didactic tool for training designers in Escuela Superior de Diseño de Valencia.The Japanese origin word origami has always been conditioned by tradition. A new and wider approach is given, as well as to the techniques related to it and its implementation in designers training.This study describes how the initiative began, and depicts the methodological changes performed for its implementation in the subject “Image and Design” from an innovative perspective. Both students and teachers, as receiving and driving forces, benefit from this innovative teaching experience.Given their relation with geometry, these paper folding techniques can develop the students’ skills, not only those ones connected to it, but also to other fields. This is a very useful tool to approach to the principles three-dimensional design.Finally, the study provides the reasons why the use of these methods, based on the transformation of a laminated surface into volume forms, is appropriate in every design category and is presented as an applicable method in the creative process. Keywords: educative innovation, origami, geometry, creativity, methodology, three-dimensional design.http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.8.10024
La fotografía móvil y la representación del cuerpo: de la fragmentación al placer visual voyeurístico
Authors: Palazón Mª Encarna 
Published: November 2017

Resumen: Partiendo de una línea de investigación anterior, este artículo de naturaleza analítica y especulativa, aborda las relaciones entre la fotografía realizada con las cámaras móviles y el tratamiento fotográfico del cuerpo. Esta relación se establece a partir del reconocimiento del placer visual en la actividad fotográfica, y más concretamente a través del voyeurismo y del fenómeno más amplio de la fragmentación corporal como un rasgo de la actual cultura visual. Este análisis y la especulación realizadas profundizan en los usos, limitaciones y posibilidades que las cámaras móviles nos plantean en términos sociales, culturales, y artísticos. Palabras clave: imágenes del cuerpo, fotografía, móviles, voyeur, inmediatez, representación artística. Abstract: Starting from a previous line of research, this analytical and speculative article deals with the relations between the photography made with the mobile cameras and the photographic treatment of the body. This relationship is established from the recognition of visual pleasure in the photographic activity, and more specifically through voyeurism and the broader phenomenon of body fragmentation as a feature of the current visual culture. This analysis and the speculation reflect the uses, limitations and possibilities that mobile cameras open in social, cultural, and artistic terms. Keywords: images of the body, photography, mobile, voyeur, immediacy, artistic representation.http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.8.10044
El lugar del no saber en la enseñanza de las artes visuales
Authors: García-Huidobro Rosario 
Published: November 2017

Resumen: Este escrito reflexiona la importancia del no saber como un saber ser y hacer necesario en la enseñanza.Una forma de estar en el aula y de posicionarse como docentes que da cabida a la práctica del error, la incertidumbre, la fragilidad y vulnerabilidad ante las situaciones pedagógicas que enriquecen la enseñanza, porque permiten que ocurra el aprendizaje desde el lugar de la sorpresa, la investigación y la mediación, donde los y las otras toman un lugar fundamental. A través de diversos relatos de las participantes de este estudio, se reflexionan cuatro modos de entender el no saber en la enseñanza de las artes visuales, ya que muestran una forma de enseñar que se vincula con la subjetividad política del saber. Palabras claves: saber docente, no saber, práctica docente, enseñanza artística, error, vulnerabilidad. Abstract: This paper reflects the importance of the not knowing as a necessary knowledge to be and do in teaching. A way of being in the classroom and of positioning oneself as teachers that allows the practice of error, uncertainty, fragility and vulnerability to pedagogical situations that enrich teaching, because they allow learning to occur from the place of surprise, research and mediation, where the others take a fundamental place. Through various accounts of the participants of this study, four ways of understanding the not knowing in the teaching of the visual arts are reflected, as they show a way of teaching that is linked to the political subjectivity of knowledge. Keywords: teaching knowledge, not knowing, teaching practice, art teaching, error, vulnerabilityhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.8.9272
¿Artista educador o Educador artista? El límite difuso del rol social
Authors: Abara Josefina 
Published: November 2017

Resumen: Este artículo surge de una experiencia y reflexión personal como artista y profesora en formación, que plantea la crisis cultural y educativa en Chile como el contexto donde opera el sistema tanto artístico como educacional, y que ante la emergencia cultural, desde el rol social del artista surge la necesidad de educar como la única solución. A raíz de esto, posteriormente se aborda el límite difuso entre el rol del artista y el rol del educador estableciendo un paralelo de factores que constituyen una metodología compartida en el modo de operar de ambos roles, que reflexiona en torno al constante diálogo y tránsito entre estos quehaceres. Finalmente se exponen las fortalezas y debilidades de ambas disciplinas que confirman la interdependencia de los roles en virtud de la misión social compartida. Palabras clave: artista, educador, cultura, pedagogía, rol social, metodología compartida. Abstract: This article arises from a personal experience and reflection as an artist and professor in formation, which considers the cultural and educational crisis as the context where artistic and educationalsystemdeploys, and under the cultural emergency, from the social role of the artist appears the necessity to educate as the only solution. Subsequently approaches the unclear boundaries between the artist and educator social roles, settling a parallel of factors which shows a shared methodology in the way both positions acts, reflecting about the constant dialogue and transition between these roles. Finally considers the virtues and weakness of both disciplines confirming the interdependance of the roles towards the social mission they have in common. Keywords:artist, educator, culture, pedagogy, social role, shared methodology.http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.8.9458