bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlations Histopathologiques et Neurochimiques en Fonction de Lesions de la Regiondu Locus Coeruleus chez le Chat (Part I)
Authors: Marchand R. , Fantino M. , Dankova J. , Poirier L.J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryUnilateral lesions in the area of the loci coeruleus and subcoeruleus in the cat are associated with a significant and sustained decrease of noradrenaline (NA) in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex without any important change in the concentrations of NA in the contralateral cortex and in the spinal cord of both sides. The serotonin (5-HT) concentrations of the spinal cord and cerebral cortex of both sides remained unchanged in the same groups of animals. Bilateral lesions in the same area result also in a marked decrease of NA in the cerebral cortex of both sides. The latter lesions also result in slight decreases of NA in the hypothalamus and of NA and 5-HT in the spinal cord but the NA and 5-HT concentrations of the stria-turn and thalamus and the 5-H T concentrations of the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus are unmodified by such lesions. Unilateral lesions of the area immediately rostral to the locus coeruleus (praelocus lesions) result in a very significant decrease of NA in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex without any change of NA in the contralateral cerebral cortex and spinal cord of both sides. Similar lesions produced bilaterally in another group of cats resulted in marked decreases of NA in the cerebral cortex of both sides and a slight decrease of NA in the thalamus without any change of NA in the striatum, hypothalamus and spinal cord and of 5-HT in the cerebral cortex. In the same group of animals with lesions which, however, extended more closely to the midline than in cats with locus coeruleus lesions, 5-HT is markedly decreased in the striatum and thalamus and slightly decreased in the hypothalamus and spinal cord.These results support the view that the noradrenergie coeruleo-cortical pathway is made up of fibers which originate in the loci coeruleus and subcoeruleus and pre-dominently end ipsilaterally to their origin in the cerebral cortex. Ascending NA fibers ending in the thalamus appear to originate from NA neurons located more laterally in the upper pons and more specifically at the level of the parabrachial nuclei.
Evolution of Cardio-Pulmonary Involvement in Friedreich's Ataxia
Authors: Cote M. , Bureau M. , Leger C. , Martin J. , Gattiker H. , Cimon M. , Larose A. , Lemieux B. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe evolution of 15patients initially evaluated during Phase One of the Quebec Cooperative Study of Friedreich's ataxia has been studied approximately three years later. It is concluded that the deterioration of cardio-pulmonary function in Friedreich's ataxia is multi-factorial. The neuromyopathy (or the underlying metabolic or cellular defect) appears to be the main contributing factor to the deterioration of cardio-pulmonary function, which is exacerbated by the scoliosis and varying severity of the cardiomyopathy.
Oculomotor and Vestibular Findings in Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay
Authors: Dionne J. , Wright G. , Barber H. , Bouchard R. , Bouchard J. P. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryElectronystagmographic recordings were made of oculomotor and vestibular function in II patients with autósomat recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay. All had horizontal gaze nystagmus, marked impairment of smooth ocular pursuit and optokinetic nystagmus, and defective fixation suppression of caloric nystagmus. Many had saccadic dysmetria. but saccade velocity was probably unaffected. Abnormallies pointing to brainstem disturbance were sparse. The findings are thought to indicate mainly diffuse cerebellar disease, with particular involvement of vermis and vestibulo-cerebellum.
Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin Levels in Patients with Friedreich's and other Ataxias
Authors: Morgan R.O. , Naglie G. , Horrobin D.F. , Barbeau A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryOf 13 patients with Fried-reich's ataxia (Type la) and 17 with type Ila recessive ataxias, all were found to have levels of “free erythrocyte protoporphyrin “ (FEP) above the normal range. The rise in FEP in Friedreich's ataxia correlated well with the age of the individual and thus appears to be related to the course of the disease. Subjects with olivo-ponto-cerebel-lar atrophy, Charlevoix syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Parkinson's disease were also found to have significantly elevated FEP, although the distribution overlapped with the normal range.The finding of elevated FEP may indicate a relative heme deficiency in ataxia due to inhibition offerrochelatase leading to a state of ineffective, persistent erythropoiesis. The possibility of a prosta-glandin abnormality being related to this defect and to the pathogenesis of ataxia is considered.
Dicarboxylic Amino Acid Uptake in Normal, Friedreich's Ataxia, and Dicarboxylic Aminoaciduria Fibroblasts
Authors: Melancon S.B. , Grenier B. , Dallaire L. , Potier M. , Fontaine G. , Grignon B. , Geoffroy G. , Lemieux B. , Barbeau A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryGlutamic and aspartic acid uptake was measured in skin fibroblasts from patients with Friedreich's Ataxia, dicarboxylic aminoaciduria, and normal individuals. The results showed no difference in uptake kinetics of either dicarboxylic amino acids between Friedreich's Ataxia and normal cells, but reduced uptake velocities in dicarboxylic aminoaciduria fibroblasts. Friedreich's Ataxia fibroblasts were, however, less calcium-dependant and more magnesium and phosphate-dependent than controls in glucose-free incubation mixture. This difference might be related to some degree of glucose intolerance by Friedreich's Ataxia fibroblasts in culture.
The Primacy of an Independent Behaviour Therapy Community in the Evolution of Clinical Psychology
Authors: Russo Dennis C. 
Published: July 2016

Lovibond (1993), weaves an exciting first person narrative of the development of behaviour therapy in Australia. His paper, derived from his years of experience and leadership, provides rare insight into the people and programs which have shaped behavioural practice today. In chronicling these early years, he well and fully elucidates the historic shortcomings of the larger field of Australian clinical psychology to provide minimal standards for science or practice, to effectively evaluate its practitioners, or to be a potent, united voice for the scientist/practitioner model. To remedy these shortcomings, he proposes the development of a new entity, largely independent of traditional clinical psychology or behaviour therapy, to simultaneously address issues of science, standards, and practice.In the remainder of this article I should like to address what I consider to be primary issues in the advancement of an experimentally based psychology applied to human problems; to frame the current issues within professional psychology in the US which are germane to Lovibond's notions; and to lobby strongly for the maintenance of a separate and independent behaviour therapy community as the basis for the practice of scientific psychology.
The Assessment of Behavioural Manifestation of Archetypes Test
Authors: Sharpley Christopher F. , Turk Dennis C. 
Published: July 2016

Recent commentaries on developments in behaviour analysis and modification have noted the inclusion of ‘cognitive’ variables in what was previously a more radically operant discipline. This trend has been received with some gratitude by those researchers and practitioners who were impressed by the neo-Freudian theories of early psychotherapists such as Carl Jung.For example, the tendency of behaviour analysts to ignore the projections of personality types on to clients has always been difficult to accept by those therapists who are imbued with deep clinical insight. In such cases, the exclusive use of observable behaviour has represented a denial of the prolific generation of immediate and profound clinical judgements, many times quite effortlessly performed without recourse to data. While we do not deny the value of event-recording, time-sampling, psychophysiological monitoring and self-report behavioural scales, we wish to point out that there are many much simpler procedures that enable assessment to be made on the basis of split-second insight, even with no regard at all for external facts. To this end, we have devised and recently field-tested an instrument designed to assess the potential of behaviour therapists for attributing immediate and archetypal classifications to their clients.
Behavioural Assessment: Basic Principles
Authors: Molley Geoffrey N. , King Neville J. 
Published: July 2016

Those seeking a definition of “behaviour therapy” or “behaviour modification” may experience some frustration when textbooks and journals are consulted. At one stage it was generally agreed that behaviour therapy involves the application of the principles and knowledge of modern learning theory to maladaptive human behaviour (Eysenck, 1959). However, this definition has been challenged. It has been suggested that behaviour therapy should not be restricted to learning theory but encompass experimental psychology and related disciplines such as physiology and neurophysiology (Yates, 1971). Still others suggest that ties to learning theory and experimental psychology are tenuous and should be discarded (Lazarus, 1971). With the advent of several conceptual variations — applied behaviour analysis, the neobehaviouristic stimulus-response model, multimodal behaviour therapy, social learning theory and cognitive-behaviour modification — attempts to define behaviour therapy are even more difficult. However, Kazdin and Hersen (1980) suggest that the major characteristics of behaviour therapy consist of:1. A strong commitment to empirical evaluation of treatment and intervention techniques;2. A general belief that therapeutic experiences must provide opportunities to learn adaptive or prosocial behaviour;3. Specification of treatment in operational and, hence, replicable terms;4. Evaluation of treatment effects through multiple-response modalities, with particular emphasis on overt behaviour.
Native Rights as Collective Rights: A Question of Group Self-Preservation
Authors: Johnston Darlene M. 
Published: July 2016

In his 1972 paper commissioned by the Inquiry on the Position of the French Language and on Language Rights in Quebec, Professor Francois Chevrette questioned the legal significance of the notion of “collective rights”:The expression “collective rights” is not a term of art and it is significant both that it is found in the vocabulary of political philosophy and not found in the vocabulary of the jurist-technician. The reason is probably that the qualification “collective” attached to the word “rights” refers to the philosophical foundations of such rights much more than to their legal attributes or to their judicial implementation.
Authorial Intent and Hermeneutics
Authors: Patterson Dennis M. 
Published: July 2016

The opposition between originalism and relativism is a persistent dualism in current debates over the nature of legal interpretation. For many legal academics, choice in interpretive theory is limited to the either/or of the authorial model of discourse or the “anything goes” approach of relativism of one stripe or another.The struggle between these interpretive polar opposites had its origins in literary theory. In their classic essay, “The Intentional Fallacy,” W.K. Wimsatt and Monroe C. Beards ley argued that the only meaning worth investigating was that found in the literary text: to search after the “real intentions” of an author was to chase ghosts. Wimsatt and Beardsley influenced a generation of critics, but their thesis has, of late, been challanged anew.
Reasons, Authority, and the Meaning of “Obey”: Further Thoughts on Raz and Obedience to Law
Authors: Regan Donald H. 
Published: July 2016

I recently published a long article discussing a variety of topics from Joseph Raz’s The Morality of Freedom. The article was part of a symposium on Raz’s work in the Southern California Law Review	. Raz responded to the articles in that symposium, including my own.From a perspective which surveys the whole range of views on political philosophy, Raz’s view and mine look very similar. Even so, we find many things to disagree about, which neither of us would regard as merely matters of detail. For the most part, we at least share a common understanding of our disagreements. But there is one set of issues we disagree about and where we seem to lack even a common understanding of the disagreement. These are issues about how authoritative directives function as reasons for action, and about whether, when we follow authority in the proper way, we can be said to “obey” it.
H.L.A. Hart’s Hermeneutic Positivism: On Some Methodological Difficulties in The Concept of Law
Authors: Hill H. Hamner 
Published: July 2016

Despite the tremendous literature that has sprung up concerning Hart’s The Concept of Law, one very important feature of the work has been somewhat overlooked: its methodological underpinnings. While Hart himself says The Concept of Law may “be regarded as an essay in descriptive sociology”, this claim has not received adequate philosophical examination. Though a dedicated philosophical positivist, the distinctive feature of Hart’s legal philosophy – the internal aspect of rules – requires a social science methodology that moves him in the direction of hermeneutics. In defending the importance of the internal aspect of rules against the predictive theory of Scandinavian Legal Realist Alf Ross, Hart argues that without the internal aspect, onejettisons something vital not only to the understanding of law but of any form of normative social structure. For the understanding of this the methodology of the empirical sciences is useless; what is needed is a ‘hermeneutic’ method which involves portraying rule-governed behaviour as it appears to its participants, who see it as conforming or failing to conform to certain standards.
Constructing a Theory of Punishment, Desert, and the Distribution of Punishments
Authors: Scheid Don E. 
Published: July 2016

Punishment, by definition, involves the intentional imposition of some deprivation or suffering on individuals against their wills. On any moral view, there is a very strong presumption against doing this to people; so, if a society has an institution of punishment, some justification is needed. On the face of things, such an institution would seem to be an evil. What, then, is the justification for punishment? And once this question has been raised, related questions arise. Who should be punished and how severely? And what principle or principles should we use when setting up sentencing guidelines? Any adequate theory of punishment must provide some guidance, some useful headings, even if not a detailed chart, for answering these questions, among others.In this paper, I outline a theory of punishment that I believe best answers these sorts of questions. Inevitably, some parts are far sketchier than others; but within the general outline, the major focus is on the concept of desert and on the application of desert principles in determining the just allotment of punishments. This leads to a framework for constructing a crimes/punishments schedule for sentencing. Along the way, a number of lesser issues are discussed as well.
Sexual Offenses and Consent
Authors: Brett Nathan 
Published: July 2016

In this paper I address a question that has not been a prominent feature of cases or articles which have concerned the issue of consent in relation to sexual offenses. Much work has been done by judges and legal theorists regarding the defendant’s beliefs about the consent of the complainant and the mental element or mens rea of this offense. But, any answers to these questions presuppose some answer to a prior question: What is consent? What must be true of a person who does consent? What must be missing, on the other hand, in a situation where sexual activity takes place without consent?Common sense provides a relatively simple answer to these questions: To consent is to give permission; a person acts without consent where no such permission has been obtained. It is this answer that I want to defend in this paper. This view assumes that talk of consent only makes sense in relation to some autonomy right. Giving consent involves autonomously making changes in a prevailing pattern of rights and obligations. It is a limited withdrawal of a right not to be interfered with; and it will make legally permissible actions that would otherwise be subject to criminal and civil penalties. To me it seems obvious that such a change in the prevailing pattern of rights and obligations can only take place where there is communication between the parties. This means that the question of consent is not just a question about the state of mind or attitude of the complainant. Rather, the matter which should be central to a court’s consideration of consent is the question of what was said or done that could be construed as granting permission to do the acts in question.
The Perfectionisms of John Rawls
Authors: Sheppard Steve 
Published: July 2016

The acts of even the godsHave ends beyond their intent.John Rawls stands in a small pantheon of writers whose ideas have shaped the vocabularies of their age. Like a classical deity, his work has been invoked by disciple and dissenter alike as the essential totem of the modern liberal state. But his Promethean creation has grown independent from its original design, attaining significance not only for its initial merits but also for the competition it offers to the plan of its creator. So from the stage of Rawlsian liberal neutrality stalks the idea of legal perfectionism.Legal perfectionism is the doctrine according to which officials may adopt and enforce laws according to the officials’ understanding of a good life, with the intended practical effect that people governed by such laws will lead better lives. In other words, legal perfectionism broadly enshrines the notion, sometime unpopular among Western theorists, that the government has, or should have, the power to reflect ideas of good and evil—the content of the good life or of good projects or of excellence—in framing the laws. While related both to older ideas of human perfection and perfectibility and to perennial concepts of virtue and morality, legal perfectionism has developed a distinct, modern meaning.
Rule and Reason in the Common Law of Foreign Judgments
Authors: Fassberg Celia Wasserstein 
Published: July 2016

Two tenets are central to the Common Law rules for enforcement and recognition of foreign judgments. The first is that, subject to public policy, the enforcing court does not review the substance of the decision; in other words, mistake is no defence. The second is that, apart from ensuring that the judgment was not obtained by fraud or through a breach of the requirements of natural justice, the prime consideration for enforcement is whether the foreign court was competent to issue the judgment; in other words, whether it had jurisdiction.These two tenets are eminently reasonable. A foreign judgment is after all both a judgment—like a local judgment, and foreign—like a right acquired under a foreign law. The validity of local judgments and of foreign unadjudicated rights depends on jurisdiction: local judgments depend on adjudicatory jurisdiction (often defined in the rules of service); foreign rights—on legislative or prescriptive jurisdiction (the jurisdiction of a system to regulate the situation substantively, as defined in choice-of-law rules). It thus seems appropriate to require jurisdiction of foreign judgments too. Local judgments, once final, are never subject to review, and can be attacked on the grounds that they were obtained by fraud only exceptionally. Rights acquired under a foreign law cannot be refused enforcement because of their substance and are subject only to the public policy exception. It thus seems appropriate to immunise foreign judgments from substantive review too. Foreign judgments—adjudicated rights—are of course different from foreign unadjudicated rights in that they are the product of a process. So, as in the case of local judgments, it should nonetheless be possible, in limited circumstances, to examine whether the process was tainted by fraud. So too, they differ from local judgments in that the process from which they emerge is not a local one; it cannot be relied upon in the same way as locally controlled and institutionalised procedures. It thus seems reasonable that, while prevented from reviewing the substance of a foreign decision, the court should be permitted to require of it a minimal level of procedural justice.
Azdak, The Rascal Judge
Authors: Lind Douglas 
Published: July 2016

Beware of willing JudgesFor Truth is a black catIn a windowless room at midnightAnd Justice a blind bat.A third and shrugging partyAlone can right our wrong.This, this, this, AzdakDoes for a mere song.Bertolt Brecht’s The Caucasian Chalk Circle introduces the character of Azdak—a corrupt, disrespectful menial clerk who on the heels of a coup d’état finds himself appointed judge, complete with judicial robe and a wicker flask for a hat. The circumstances of his appointment foretell the irony of his tenure. A military coup spoils a sunny Easter Sunday in the Caucasian town of Grusinia. The governor is beheaded; the municipal judge hanged. Yet the Grand Duke, oppressive ruler of Grusinia and surrounding territories, escapes, due in no small part to unknowing protection afforded by Azdak. When Azdak learns the next day that the fugitive he harbored over night was the Grand Duke, he heads straight for the courthouse, raging at himself through the streets, to turn himself in and submit to punishment. No judge presides over the courtroom, however, only a few bored soldiers who find Azdak amusing though somewhat crazed. In their amusement they decide to make him the new judge, declaring that the old judge (still hanging in the corner) “was always a rascal. Now the rascal shall be the Judge” (72).On becoming judge, Azdak acts anything but honorably and respectfully toward the law. He sits on the statute book to give himself a more regal aire. He takes bribes; he derides and ridicules the parties appearing before him; he requires a female litigant to perform sexual acts; he does a preliminary assessment of the worth of each lawyer’s arguments by asking the amount of his fee. In short, Azdak judges arbitrarily, with bias and partiality. By play’s end, immediately following his final decrees, he flees out of concern for his life, never to be seen again.