bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of reproduction‐related single‐nucleotide variations from MeDIP‐seq data in sheep
Authors: Cao Jiaxue , Wei Caihong , Zhang Shuzhen , Capellini Terence D. , Zhang Li , Zhao Fuping , Li Li , Zhong Tao , Wang Linjie , Du Lixin , Zhang Hongping 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYExtensive variation in reproduction has arisen in Chinese Mongolian sheep during recent domestication. Hu and Small‐tailed Han sheep, for example, have become non‐seasonal breeders and exhibit higher fecundity than Tan and Ujumqin breeds. We therefore scanned reproduction‐related single‐nucleotide variations from methylated DNA‐immunoprecipitation sequencing data generated from each of those four breeds to uncover potential mechanisms underlying this breed variation. We generated a high‐quality map of single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in DNA methylation enriched regions, and found that the majority of variants are located within non‐coding regions. We identified 359 SNVs within the Sheep Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) database. Nineteen of these SNVs associated with the Aseasonal Reproduction QTL, and 10 out of the 19 reside close to genes with known reproduction functions. We also identified the well‐known FecB mutation in high‐fecundity sheep (Hu and Small‐tailed Han sheep). When we applied these FecB finding to our breeding system, we improved lambing rate by 175%. In summary, this study provided strong candidate SNVs associated with sheep fecundity that can serve as targets for functional testing and to enhance selective breeding strategies. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 958–967, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An illustrated comparison of processing methods for MR phase imaging and QSM: combining array coil signals and phase unwrapping
Authors: Robinson Simon Daniel , Bredies Kristian , Khabipova Diana , Dymerska Barbara , Marques José P. , Schweser Ferdinand 
Published: September 2016

Phase imaging benefits from strong susceptibility effects at very high field and the high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) afforded by multi‐channel coils. Combining the information from coils is not trivial, however, as the phase that originates in local field effects (the source of interesting contrast) is modified by the inhomogeneous sensitivity of each coil. This has historically been addressed by referencing individual coil sensitivities to that of a volume coil, but alternative approaches are required for ultra‐high field systems in which no such coil is available. An additional challenge in phase imaging is that the phase that develops up to the echo time is “wrapped” into a range of 2π radians. Phase wraps need to be removed in order to reveal the underlying phase distribution of interest.Beginning with a coil combination using a homogeneous reference volume coil – the Roemer approach – which can be applied at 3 T and lower field strengths, we review alternative methods for combining single‐echo and multi‐echo phase images where no such reference coil is available. These are applied to high‐resolution data acquired at 7 T and their effectiveness assessed via an index of agreement between phase values over channels and the contrast‐to‐noise ratio in combined images. The virtual receiver coil and COMPOSER approaches were both found to be computationally efficient and effective.The main features of spatial and temporal phase unwrapping methods are reviewed, placing particular emphasis on recent developments in temporal phase unwrapping and Laplacian approaches. The features and performance of these are illustrated in application to simulated and high‐resolution in vivo data. Temporal unwrapping was the fastest of the methods tested and the Laplacian the most robust in images with low SNR. © 2016 The Authors. NMR in Biomedicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Where you lead we will follow: a longitudinal study of strategic political communication in election campaigning
Authors: Falasca Kajsa , Grandien Christina 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe ways in which election campaigns are planned, organized, and conducted have changed considerably during recent decades, and political parties constantly employ new ideas and practices in order to communicate as strategically and effectively as possible. The concept of strategic political communication refers to an organization's purposeful management of information and communication to achieve certain political goals. In this article, we focus on the role of the individual political party in developing election campaigning. The empirical material covers the 2002, 2006, and 2010 Swedish national election campaigns and illustrates how political parties lead and follow each other in the development of strategic political communication. By exploring party agency, this article contributes to the understanding of how ideas and practices of strategic political communication emerge and develop over time in election campaigning.
A low migration phosphine to overcome the oxygen inhibition in new high performance photoinitiating systems for photocurable dental type resins
Authors: Bouzrati‐Zerelli Mariem , Maier Maximilian , Fik Christoph P , Dietlin Céline , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Klee Joachim E , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe objective of this work was to propose a novel low migration additive (i.e. a phosphine) to overcome the oxygen inhibition in a camphorquinone (CQ) base photoinitiating system for the polymerization of methacrylates (e.g. a bisphenol A‐glycidyl methacrylate (Bis‐GMA)/triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) blend (70%/30% w/w)) upon exposure to a commercial blue light emitting diode centred at 477 nm. CQ/amine/phosphine derivative or CQ/amine/iodonium salt/phosphine derivative combinations were studied. Real‐time Fourier transform IR and photo‐DSC experiments were used to monitor the polymerization profiles. Remarkably, it was found that the addition of the new phosphine derivative to CQ/amine or CQ/amine/iodonium salt noticeably improved the rate of polymerization and the final conversion in air. A low migration was found for this additive as shown by HPLC experiments in agreement with a copolymerizable behaviour. No additional yellowing of the film was observed. Electron spin resonance spectrometry was used to detect the produced radicals. The overall chemical mechanisms are investigated and discussed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of NiOx thin films as p‐type emitter layer in heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Menchini Francesca , Grilli Maria Luisa , Dikonimos Theodoros , Mittiga Alberto , Serenelli Luca , Salza Enrico , Chierchia Rosa , Tucci Mario 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNon‐stoichiometric nickel oxide (NiOx) is attracting growing attention due to its characteristics of p‐type transparent conductive layer and to the possibility to tailor its optical and electrical properties. NiOx could also be employed as the electron blocking layer in silicon‐based heterojunction solar cells. However, at present not much work has been done in this direction. In this paper we investigate the optoelectronic characteristics of NiOx thin films and demonstrate the usability of NiOx as emitter layer in silicon based heterostructure solar cells due to its hole collection selectivity. Test heterojunctions show a rectifying behaviour, even if their characteristics are still limited by the density of defects at the c‐Si/NiOx interface, as deduced by comparing the experimental results with numerical simulations. This suggests that the quality of the interface between NiOx and c‐Si needs to be improved, either by optimizing the deposition process of NiOx or by depositing a buffer layer able to carefully passivate the silicon surface and helpfully allow the growth of oxide layer. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Block antiferromagnetism and possible ferroelectricity in KFe2Se2
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Huimin , Weng Yakui , Lin Lingfang , Yao Xiaoyan , Dong Shuai 
Published: September 2016

Superconductors and multiferroics are two of the hottest branches in condensed matter physics. The connections between those two fields are fundamentally meaningful to unify the physical rules of correlated electrons. Recently, BaFe2Se3, was predicted to be multiferroic [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 187204 (2014)] due to its unique one‐dimensional block‐type antiferromagnetism. Here, another iron‐selenide KFe2Se2, a parent state of iron‐based superconductor, is predicted to be multiferroic. Its two‐dimensional block‐type antiferromagnetism can generate a moderate electric dipole for each Fe–Se layer via the Fe–Se–Fe exchange striction. Different stacking configurations of these magnetic blocks give closely proximate energies and thus the ground state of KFe2Se2 may be switchable between antiferroelectric and ferroelectric phases.
Crystal structure of KFe2Se2. (a) Purple: K; green: Se; brown: Fe. Two Fe sheets in a minimum unit cell are indicated as A and B. (b) One Fe–Se layer with magnetism. Brown: spin up; blue: spin down. (c) A side view of Fe–Se bonds. The ionic displacements driven by exchange striction are indicated by arrows.magnified imageCrystal structure of KFe2Se2. (a) Purple: K; green: Se; brown: Fe. Two Fe sheets in a minimum unit cell are indicated as A and B. (b) One Fe–Se layer with magnetism. Brown: spin up; blue: spin down. (c) A side view of Fe–Se bonds. The ionic displacements driven by exchange striction are indicated by arrows.
Screening for pre‐eclampsia using sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio cut‐off of 38 at 30–37 weeks' gestation
Authors: Dragan I. , Georgiou T. , Prodan N. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate a soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) to placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio cut‐off of 38 for the prediction of pre‐eclampsia (PE) in routine assessment in singleton pregnancies at 30–37 weeks' gestation.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study in women attending a third‐trimester ultrasound scan at 30–37 weeks as part of routine pregnancy care. Serum sFlt‐1 and PlGF were measured and their ratio was calculated. We estimated the detection rate (DR), false‐positive rate (FPR), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio >38 for the prediction of delivery with PE at < 1, < 4 and ≥ 4 weeks after assessment.ResultsThe study population of 12 305 singleton pregnancies was examined at a median of 32.4 (range, 30.0–36.9) weeks and included 14 (0.11%), 77 (0.63%) and 227 (1.84%) cases that subsequently delivered with PE at < 1, < 4 or ≥ 4 weeks' after assessment, respectively. The DR, FPR, PPV and NPV of sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio > 38 in the prediction of delivery with PE at < 1 week were 78.6%, 4.5%, 1.9% and 99.97%, respectively; the values for delivery with PE at < 4 weeks were 76.6%, 4.1%, 10.4% and 99.85% and for delivery with PE ≥ 4 weeks were 20.7%, 4.3%, 8.3% and 98.47%.ConclusionIn routine screening of singleton pregnancies, the performance of a sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio > 38 is modest for the prediction of delivery with PE at < 1 and at < 4 weeks after assessment and poor for the prediction of delivery with PE at ≥ 4 weeks after assessment. A sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio > 38 predicted 79% of cases delivering with PE at < 1 week after assessment, at a FPR of 4.5%; consequently, a policy of hospitalizing patients with a ratio > 38 would potentially lead to unnecessary hospitalization in 4.5% of pregnancies and a ratio of ≤ 38 would falsely reassure one fifth of women who will deliver with PE within 1 week of assessment. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Ergodic capacity of multiuser scheduling in cognitive radio networks: analysis and comparison
Authors: Sibomana Louis , Zepernick Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper analyzes the ergodic capacity of secondary point‐to‐multipoint communications under the outage constraint of multiple primary user receivers (PU‐Rxs) and the secondary user (SU) maximum transmit power limit. We first derive analytical expressions of the ergodic capacity for three scheduling schemes, that is, round robin, Max‐signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise‐ratio (Max‐SINR) and Min‐SINR, and compare their performance. Numerical examples show that when the number of SU receivers (SU‐Rxs) increases in the presence of a single PU‐Rx and at high SINR, the Min‐SINR outperforms the Max‐SINR scheme. As the number of PU‐Rxs increases, the Max‐SINR performs better than the Min‐SINR scheduling. When the number of SU‐Rxs becomes large, the system capacity is enhanced but so is the feedback load. To exploit the Max‐SINR transmission while reducing the feedback load, we assume a threshold based on the channel quality where the SU‐Rxs with the instantaneous SINR above the threshold participate in the Max‐SINR scheduling; otherwise, an SU‐Rx is selected randomly. Then, an analytical expression of the average capacity is derived. Numerical results illustrate that the capacity with limited feedback is approximately the same as for the case of Max‐SINR with full feedback when the SU threshold for feedback condition is set to low and medium values. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isomerization of sp2‐hybridized carbon nanomaterials: structural transformation and topological defects of fullerene, carbon nanotube, and graphene
Authors: Xu Ziwei , Liang Zilin , Ding Feng 
Published: September 2016

The structural transformation of various carbon nanomaterials, such as fullerene, carbon nanotube (CNT), and graphene, has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically. It was broadly recognized that the isomerization of the sp2‐hybridized carbon network through the generalized Stone–Wales transformation (GSWT), which is equivalent to a CC bond's in‐plane rotation, is the key mechanism facilitating most structural revolutions in carbon materials. The GSWT process also plays a crucial role in the shape change, defect healing and the growth in these carbon materials and may greatly affect their mechanical, chemical, and electronic performances. In this review, we summarize the previous studies on the GSWT and topological defects in the sp2 carbon network as well as the consequent results of sp2‐hybridized carbon materials’ isomerization, including structural shrinkage of the giant fullerenes and CNTs at high temperature, plastic deformation of CNTs, coalescence of the fullerenes and carbon peapods, topological defects evolution under high energetic irradiation, and healing of the defects during the chemical vapor deposition growth of CNT and graphene. This review provides a clear picture of the isomerization of the sp2‐hybridized carbon materials, from single step process until the large‐scale structural transformation, and many examples for the readers to get into the topic deeply step by step. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2017, 7:e1283. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1283This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Lanreotide Depot: An Antineoplastic Treatment of Carcinoid or Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Wolin Edward M. , Manon Amandine , Chassaing Christophe , Lewis Andy , Bertocchi Laurent , Richard Joel , Phan Alexandria T. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Purpose
Peptide drugs for antineoplastic therapies usually have low oral bioavailability and short in vivo half-lives, requiring less preferred delivery methods. Lanreotide depot is a sustained-release somatostatin analog (SSA) formulation produced via an innovative peptide self-assembly method. Lanreotide is approved in the USA and Europe to improve progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with unresectable gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) and also approved in Europe for symptom control in carcinoid syndrome associated with GEP-NETs. This review discusses how the distinct molecule and formulation of lanreotide depot provide advantages to patients and health care providers, as well as the most recent clinical evidence demonstrating the safety and efficacy of lanreotide depot in inhibiting tumor growth and controlling hormonal symptoms in GEP-NETs.

Methodology and Results
The lanreotide depot formulation confers a remarkable pharmacokinetic profile with no excipients, comprised only of lanreotide acetate and water. Of note, lanreotide depot constitutes an example for peptide self-assembly based formulations, providing insights that could help future development of sustained-release formulations of other antineoplastic peptides. Most patients with GEP-NETs will present with inoperable or incurable disease; thus, medical management for symptoms and tumor control plays a crucial role. Recent long-term clinical studies have demonstrated that lanreotide depot is well tolerated, prolongs PFS in GEP-NET patients, and significantly reduces symptoms related to carcinoid syndrome.

Conclusions
The unique depot formulation and delivery method of lanreotide confer advantages in the treatment of metastatic GEP-NETs, contributing to improvements in NET-related symptoms and PFS without reducing quality of life in this patient population.
Temporary Life Changes and the Timing of Divorce
Authors: Fallesen Peter , Breen Richard 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMarriage is a risky undertaking that people enter with incomplete information about their partner and their future life circumstances. A large literature has shown how new information gained from unforeseen but long-lasting or permanent changes in life circumstances may trigger a divorce. We extend this literature by considering how information gained from a temporary change in life circumstances—in our case, a couple having a child with infantile colic—may affect divorce behavior. Although persistent life changes are known to induce divorce, we argue that a temporary stressful situation allows couples more quickly to discern the quality of their relationship, in some cases leading them to divorce sooner than they otherwise would have. We formalize this argument in a model of Bayesian updating and test it using data from Denmark. We find that the incidence of infantile colic shortens the time to divorce or disruption among couples who would have split up anyway.
Predictors of Marital Dissolution During a Period of Rapid Social Change: Evidence From South Asia
Authors: Jennings Elyse A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Few studies have examined the causes and consequences of marital dissolution in non-Western settings. This article explores the fundamental factors that may predict marital dissolution in a mainly agrarian setting in South Asia, where collectivism has historically been valued over individualism and where life is centered on the family. Using event history analyses with retrospective life history data from the Chitwan Valley Family Study conducted in rural Nepal, I explore the possible predictors of marital dissolution. Results suggest that couples in which wives married at older ages and chose their spouse in conjunction with their parents face lower risk of marital dissolution, while wives’ work increases the risk. Moreover, couples married for longer durations and couples who have more children face lower risks of marital dissolution. The influences of many of these factors have changed over the last few decades, pointing toward the important role of changing social context on marital trajectories.
Black-White Differences in Sex and Contraceptive Use Among Young Women
Authors: Kusunoki Yasamin , Barber Jennifer S. , Ela Elizabeth J. , Bucek Amelia 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This study examines black-white and other sociodemographic differences in young women’s sexual and contraceptive behaviors, using new longitudinal data from a weekly journal-based study of 1,003 18- to 19-year-old women spanning 2.5 years. We investigate hypotheses about dynamic processes in these behaviors during early adulthood in order to shed light on persisting racial differences in rates of unintended pregnancies in the United States. We find that net of other sociodemographic characteristics and adolescent experiences with sex and pregnancy, black women spent less time in relationships and had sex less frequently in their relationships than white women, but did not differ in the number of relationships they formed or in their frequency or consistency of contraceptive use within relationships. Black women were more likely to use less effective methods for pregnancy prevention (e.g., condoms) than white women, who tended to use more effective methods (e.g., oral contraceptives). And although the most effective method for pregnancy prevention—long-acting reversible contraception (LARC)—was used more often by black women than white women, LARC use was low in both groups. In addition, black women did not differ from white women in their number of discontinuations or different methods used and had fewer contraceptive method switches. Further, we find that net of race and adolescent experiences with sex and pregnancy, women from more-disadvantaged backgrounds had fewer and longer (and thus potentially more serious) relationships, used contraception less frequently (but not less consistently), and used less effective methods (condoms) than women from more-advantaged backgrounds.
Environmental enrichment may protect against neural and behavioural damage caused by withdrawal from chronic alcohol intake
Authors: Nobre Manoel Jorge 
Published: September 2016

AbstractExposure to stress and prolonged exposure to alcohol leads to neuronal damages in several brain regions, being the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) one of the most affected. These changes presumably reduce the ability of the organism to cope with these stimuli and may underlie a series of maladaptive behaviours among which include drug addiction and withdrawal. Drug‐addicted individuals show a pattern of behavior similar to patients with lesions of the mPFC. This impairment in the decision‐making could be one of the mechanisms responsible for the transition from the casual to compulsive drug use. The environmental enrichment (EE) has a protective effect on the neural and cognitive impairments induced by psychoactive drugs, including ethyl alcohol. The present study aims to determine the influence of withdrawal from intermittent long‐term alcohol exposure on alcohol preference, emotional reactivity and neural aspects of early isolated or grouped reared rats kept under standard or complex environments and the influence of social isolation on these measures, as well. Our results point out new insights on this matter showing that the EE can attenuate the adverse effects of withdrawal and social isolation on rat's behavior. This effect is probably due to its protective action on the mPFC integrity, including the cingulate area 1 (Cg1), and the prelimbic (PrL) and infralimbic cortex (IL), what could account for the absence of changes in the emotional reactivity in EE alcohol withdrawal rats. We argue that morphological changes at these cortical levels can afford the emotional, cognitive and behavioural dysregulations verified following withdrawal from chronic alcohol intake.