bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery: Effect of Sodium Naproxen
Authors: Russo P. , Papa V. , Russo S. , Bella A. Dl , Pabst G. , Milazzo G. , Balestrazzi A. , Caporossi A. ,   Naproxen Study Group, Anselmetti G. , Lorenzi U. , Orsi R. , Faletti P. , Bindella G. , Boccassini G. , Kropp B. , Calabria G. , Campagna P. , Ciurlo C. , Caporossi A. , Tasciotti A.E. , Licignano R. , Balestrazzi A. , Caprioglio G. , Birattari F. , Franch A. , Darondeau J. , Blanluet G. , Ouen Saint , Guerra R. , Saccarola P. , Lenz W. , Schuff O. , Lùpidi G. , Coiràn M. , Checcucci M. , Burattini L. , Foligno  , Mastropasqua L. , Ciancaglini M. , Ciafrè M. , Cerulli A.M. , Moretti G. , Padovano S. , Rotondo San Giovanni , Neuhann T. , Okrafka K.P. , Ratiglia R. , Oldani A. , Reiss H. , Rochefort J.Y. , Coulombe Bois , Sborgia C. , Lorusso V. , Palmisano C. , Moramarco N. , Spinelli D. , Curatola M.R. , Maruccia A. , Vaona P. , Faraldi F. , Villani C.M. , Schiavone M. , Gisoldi R. Colabelli 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate whether topical nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are useful, in the absence of concomitant corticosteroid therapy, in limiting postoperative inflammation after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Methods A total of 328 patients were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group, active-controlled study. Anterior chamber inflammation (ACI) was evaluated as the primary efficacy parameter. Only patients with moderate inflammation (ACI score of ≤4) the day after surgery were randomized and treated with NSAIDs. A novel topical formulation containing 0.2% sodium naproxen was compared with 0.1% diclofenac. Both were administered three times a day for 14 consecutive days. Ocular inflammation was measured after 7 and 14 days by using slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Safety parameters were also evaluated at the same time. Results Both treatments were equally effective in controlling postsurgical inflammation. No statistically significant differences between treatment groups were observed for the safety variables. No serious adverse events (AEs) occurred during the course of the study. The most frequent AE reported with naproxen was eye redness. Conclusions NSAIDs can effectively be used without concurrent administration of corticosteroids to control postoperative inflammation after uncomplicated cataract surgery. In addition, naproxen ophthalmic solution may be considered a suitable alternative to the currently available NSAIDs.
A New, Heavier-Than-Water Silicone Oil: A Solution of Perfluorohexyloctane in Polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Kim Y. K. , Günther B. , Meinert H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To prepare and explore new solutions of semifluorinated alkane in silicone oil, which have a specific gravity slightly higher than silicone oil and vitreous fluid (referred to in the following as heavier-than-water silicone oils (HWSs), and to investigate, in vitro, whether HWSs can be used to plug retina holes, while allowing dehydration of the subretinal space. Methods HWS solutions were prepared with silicone oil 5000 and perfluorohexyloctane (F6H8). The stability was investigated under different conditions. The viscosity was determined by means of a capillary viscometer. The surface and interface tension were measured using the ring method. Results HWSS are insoluble in an aqueous medium. Densiron®68 (HWS 1.06) is a transparent homogeneous liquid which is slightly heavier (1.06 g/cm3) than water and has a refractive index close to that of vitreous liquid. Densiron®68 (HWS 1.06) has a low viscosity (1480 mPas) and interface tension (40.82 mN/m), making it an effective tamponade in the surgical treatment of an inferior detached retina. In addition, the interfaces between Densiron®68 and other perfluorocarbon liquids are clearly visible. However, the interface layer between Densiron®68 and water is not clear. Finally, all HWSs are stable over the long term at ambient temperatures, as well as physically and thermally resistant. Conclusions Due to its physiochemical properties, Densiron®68 could meet the requirements for a heavier-than-water tamponade.
Accommodative Intraocular Lenses: Short-Term Visual Results of Two Different Lens Types
Authors: Buratto L. , Di Meglio G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the ability of two types of accommodative intraocular lenses (IOLs) to provide uncorrected near and distance visual acuity (VA) after cataract surgery. Methods A total of 108 eyes of 75 patients underwent cataract surgery by phacoemulsification and IOL implantation either bilaterally or monocularly with one of two types of accommodative IOLs: the AT-45 lens (69 eyes) or the 1-CU lens (39 eyes). Patients were followed for up to 1 year after cataract surgery. Near VA was measured through the distance correction to obtain the true near vision effect of the accommodating IOL. Results Uncorrected distance VA of 20/30 or better was achieved by 84.6% of the bilaterally implanted 1-CU patients and 73.6% of the bilaterally implanted AT-45 IOL patients 1 year following surgery. Uncorrected near VA of J1 or better was achieved by 42% of the patients with the bilateral 1-CU implant and 36.8% of the patients with the bilateral AT-45 implant. For J3 or better near acuity, the values were 92.3% for the bilateral 1-CU patients and 84.2% for the bilateral AT-45 patients at 1 year. A total of 54% of the eyes with 1-CU implants underwent a mild myopic shift (<1.0 D), 21% had a mild hyperopic shift, and 45% of the eyes were emmetropic at 1 year. Conclusions Both accommodative IOLs provided good near and distance vision postoperatively. The 1-CU IOL appears clinically to provide slightly better uncorrected distance and distance-corrected near VA than the AT-45 lens.
Presentation and Long-Term follow-up of Exfoliation Glaucoma in Greece, Spain, Russia, and Hungary
Authors: Konstas A.G.P. , Hollo G. , Astakhov Y.S. , Teus M.A. , Akopov E.L. , Jenkins J.N. , Stewart W.O. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate clinical presentation and long-term follow-up of exfoliation glaucoma in separate European population groups. Methods A four-center, retrospective, case series analysis in which 200 charts of patients with exfoliation glaucoma or patients with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with exfoliation syndrome in at least one eye with at least 5 years of follow-up were consecutively reviewed. Results This study found an average follow-up time of 6.0±2.1 years. Patients in Hungary and Spain statistically presented at an older age (79 years) than Greek patients (67 years). Patients with exfoliation glaucoma in Greece and Hungary had more glaucomatous damage, had more severe glaucoma, had a higher untreated IOP (31.8 to 32.1 mmHg), and were more difficult to control, showing a greater number of changes in medicines during the follow-up period, a greater number of medicines at the end of the follow-up period, and more progression. On long-term follow-up, Greek, Russian, and Hungarian patients also had the highest mean IOP (18.8 to 20.8 mmHg) and the greatest incidence of progression (approximately 50%). Spanish patients demonstrated the lowest mean IOP (17.6±3.6 mmHg) and the lowest rate of progression (28%) during the follow-up period and the fewest number of medications per patient (0.7) to control the IOP at the end of the follow-up period. Conclusions The severity of exfoliation glaucoma presentation and its course may differ within distinct geographic populations in Europe.
Resource use and Costs for a Glaucoma Screening Program in Austria: An 8-Year Review.: A Cost-Consequence Analysis Based on the Salzburg-Moorfields Collaborative Glaucoma Study
Authors: Hitzl W. , Ortner C. , Hornykewycz K. , Grabner G. , Reitsamer H.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The aim of this study is to report costs, detection rates, and resources needed for detection of primary open angle glaucoma and related diseases in a glaucoma screening program in Salzburg, Austria, over a period of 8 years. Methods The Salzburg-Moorfields Collaborative Glaucoma Study performed a complete ophthalmologic examination on a total of 4864 subjects within a study period of approximately 8 years (98 months). The total numbers reported are total number of subjects screened at the initial examination and follow-up examinations; total working hours and estimated working hours per visit for one ophthalmologist and two medical assistants; direct costs per visit; detection rates for subjects; and corresponding costs per true positive case diagnosed with definite primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), early POAG, POAG suspect, ocular hypertension (OHT), and glaucoma artefact. Results Within the screening period of 98 months, a total of 9427 examinations and second verification checks were performed: 5466 at the initial examination, 404 at the 1-year follow-up, 815 at the 2-year follow-up, 339 at the 3-year follow-up, 225 at the 4-year follow-up, 1059 at the 5-year follow-up, 996 at the 6-year follow-up, 118 at the 7-year follow-up, and 5 at the 8-year follow-up. The total amount of time spent for screening was 23,814 working hours. We estimate the costs per visit at EUR 123 for each initial examination, EUR 28 for each second confirmation check, and EUR 95 per follow-up examination. The following detection rates were observed: definite POAG: 1.7% (95% CI: 1.3–2.2%), early POAG: 2.9% (95% CI: 2.3–3.5%), POAG suspect: 8.5% (95% CI: 7.6–9.4%), OHT: 2.2% (95% CI: 1.7–2.7%), glaucoma artefact or other causes: 5.8% (95% CI: 5.1–6.6%), normal cases: 79% (95% CI: 78–80%). Conclusions Direct costs per visit were considerably higher than those reported in the Netherlands or the United Kingdom. If a health care provider decides to perform a glaucoma screening within this setting, the costs for the detection of a new case are EUR 7250 for definite POAG, EUR 4250 for early POAG, EUR 1450 for POAG suspect, EUR 5600 for OHT, EUR 2100 for glaucoma artefact case, and EUR 156 for a normal case.
Apraxia of Eyelid Opening: Clinical Features and Therapy
Authors: Kerty E. , Eidal K. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Botulinum toxin injection is the treatment of choice in cases of benign essential blepharospasm. However, about 10% of the patients do not get sufficient effect from this treatment, and many of them have concomitant apraxia of lid opening. Methods Over a 3-year period we treated 12 patients. Three had pure apraxia of lid opening and in the other nine it was associated with blepharospasm. All patients were initially treated with botulinum toxin injections with poor results. They underwent surgical treatment like blepharoplasty limited myectomy, aponeurosis repair, and/or frontalis suspension. Some of them needed postoperative botulinum toxin injections in the pretarsal part of orbicularis oculi muscles. Results This combined therapy gave good functional and aesthetic results. Conclusions The specific causes of blepharospasm and apraxia of lid opening are unknown, but these two conditions coexist in some patients and can be difficult to treat. It is important to make a correct diagnosis, and a combined surgical and botulinum toxin treatment can be very effective.
Peribulbar and Retrobulbar Combined Anesthesia for Vitreoretinal Surgery using Ropivacaine
Authors: Seidenari P. , Santin G. , Milani P. , David A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and clinical effects of local retrobulbar anesthesia using ropivacaine in vitreoretinal surgery. Methods Prospective study. A total of 919 vitreoretinal operations were followed. The operations were divided into three groups, depending on the degree of anesthesia needed. Group A: Vitrectomies with episcleral procedures (208 vitrectomies for detached retina or perforating trauma). Group B: Episcleral procedures only (410 operations for detached retina without vitrectomy). Group C: Vitrectomies without episcleral surgery (301 operations for macular pucker or hole, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, or silicone oil removal). Anesthesia was administered using a 23-gauge Atkinson-type retrobulbar needle, after topical anesthesia. Six mL of the solution containing 7.5 mg ropivacaine/mL were injected into the peribulbar space, and the other 4 mL deeper, into the retrobulbar space. The degree of infiltration of the palpebral region, the motor block in the extrinsic ocular muscles, and pain felt were checked and rated. Results Swelling of lids was seen in 885 patients (96%); in 21 (2%) swelling was partial. In 13 patients (1%) there were no signs of infiltration. The motor block was total in 801 (87%) eyes, while 118 (12%) had reduced ocular movements. The degree of anesthesia was as follows, considering the three groups together: no pain = 855 (93%) patients; moderate pain = 44 (4%) patients; very strong pain = 20 (2%) patients. No adverse events or side effects were observed. Conclusions Ropivacaine used for retrobulbar-peribulbar combined anesthesia in vitreoretinal surgery showed excellent clinical efficacy as regards analgesia and muscle akinesia.
Comparison of the Effect of Healon, Healon GV, Healon 5, Viscoat, and OcuCoat on Platelet Aggregation under in vitro Conditions
Authors: Aras C. , Baslar Z. , Unal M. , Horoz H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To study the effect of Healon, Healon GV, Healon 5, Viscoat, and OcuCoat on platelet aggregation under in vitro conditions. Methods Ocular viscoelastic devices including Healon, Healon GV, Healon 5, Viscoat, and OcuCoat were studied to investigate the effect of these agents on platelet aggregation under in vitro conditions. The experiments were performed by using platelet-rich plasma with an aggregometer. Aggregation was induced with three different agonists including 5”-adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine (EPI), and collagen (Col). The results were obtained as a percentage of maximal aggregation and compared with controls using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results The tests with ADP as aggregating agent revealed that the percentages of maximal aggregation were a mean of 75 ± 4.35% for ADP only, 67 ± 4.35% for Healon, 59.33 ± 3.51% for Healon GV, 70 ± 3% for Healon 5, 58 ± 3.46% for Viscoat, and 64 ± 2% for OcuCoat. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA test revealed no significant decrease in the percentage of maximal aggregation for all tested substances. With EPI, aggregation was induced in all control samples with a mean of 80.66 ± 2.08%. The mean percentage of maximal aggregation was 67 ± 3% for Healon, 77.66 ± 4.04% for Healon GV, 77 ± 4% for Healon 5, 80.6 ± 4.04% for Viscoat, and 65 ± 5% for OcuCoat. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference. With collagen, maximum aggregation was 74 ± 5.29% for controls, 65 ± 4.35% for Healon, 54 ± 2% for Healon GV, 51 ± 2.64% for Healon 5, 59 ± 2% for Viscoat, and 72.66 ± 1.52% for OcuCoat. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA test revealed no significant change in the percentage of maximal aggregation for all tested substances in the experiments. Conclusions Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices like Healon, Healon GV, Healon 5, and Viscoat that contain glycosaminoglycans and OcuCoat that contains hydroxypropylmethylcellulose have inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation but the effect is not statistically significant and there is no difference among the ocular viscoelastic devices in regard to inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation.
Vitrectomy and Silicone Oil Tamponade for Serous Macular Detachment Associated with an Optic Disk Pit
Authors: Fantaguzzi P.M. , Vasco A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Description of the results of vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade to repair serous macular detachment associated with optic disk pit. DESIGN. Interventional case report. Methods The authors report on a 17-year-old girl with serous macular detachment with a very thin layer near the fovea which clinically simulated a lamellar macular hole and macular schisis associated with an optic disk pit. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy with posterior hyaloid removal and silicone oil tamponade. Results Good anatomic and functional results were obtained after 1 year of follow-up. Conclusions This surgical approach may be a valuable technique for the surgical management of serous macular detachment associated with an optic disk pit.
Retinocytoma Associated with Calcified Vitreous Deposits
Authors: Hadjistilianou T. , De Francesco S. , Martone G. , Malandrini A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of bilateral retinocytoma associated with calcified vitreous deposits. Methods Case report. Results On routine examination, a 35-year-old asymptomatic father of a child with bilateral retinoblastoma presented bilateral retinocytoma associated with vitreous calcifications, in the vicinity of the retinocytoma in his left eye. Fundus photographic documentation and fluorescein angiography were performed. The patient has been followed up for 10 years. Conclusions The lesions in both eyes have remained stable without signs of growth or malignant transformation. Calcified vitreous deposits are a recently described feature of retinocytoma in addition to the three classic features: translucent retinal mass, retinal pigment epithelial alteration, and calcification.
Optic Nerve Alterations in PTEN+/– Mice
Authors: López-Sánchez E. , Francés-Muñoz E. , Menezo J.L. , Pinazo-Durán M.D. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To study the morphologic characteristics of the optic nerve (ON) by using an experimental model of knockout mice for the expression of the PTEN gene, mainly involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis control, and cell size regulation. Methods The eyeballs with the retrobulbar ON attached were obtained from 26-week-old mice. By using morphologic and morphometric techniques, light and electron transmission microscopy, the ON characteristics were determined in two groups of mice: 1) “wild type” mice as the control group (C-G; n=15), 2) heterozygous knockout mice (+/–) for the PTEN gene (PTEN-G; n=15). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) were studied using Western blot and immunoblotting approaches. Results The ON cross-sectional area was significantly higher in the PTEN-G than in the C-G (p<0.001). The axon sizes in mutant animals were much larger than in wild-type mice (p<0.001). No significant differences were noticed between those groups regarding the number of axons forming the ON and the presence of intra-axonal degeneration, myelin sheath alterations, or axoplasm density. No differences were detected in developmental marker protein expression. Conclusions The morphologic and morphometric results suggest that heterozygous PTEN knockout mice had hypertrophic ON without ultrastructural alterations.
Sonographic Evaluation of Ocular Trauma in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Nzeh D.A. , Owoeye J.F.A. , Ademola-Popoola D.S. , Uyanne I. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Ultrasound (US) evaluation of the eye and orbit has become an essential component of clinical ophthalmology. Requests for its use are frequent in the authors’ hospital in spite of the absence of a dedicated eye scanner. The extent to which this has influenced the authors’ patient management, especially for those with orbito-ocular trauma, informed the decision to carry out this study. Methods A retrospective review of cases of orbito-ocular trauma with media opacities and/or intraocular hemorrhage sent for ultrasonography over a 5-year period (January 1997–December 2001) at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Nigeria, was carried out. The sonographic diagnosis was reviewed with the management outcomes as found in the patients’ records. Results A total of 71 patients (45 male, 26 female) were included in the study (M:F=1:1.7). The minimum age was 1½ years and maximum was 70 years. The 11- to 20-year age group was mostly affected by trauma (31%). Retinal detachment (22.5%) was the most common posterior segment lesion diagnosed, followed by vitreous hemorrhage (18.3%) and hyphema (11.3%). Visual acuity improved to between 6/9 and 6/18 in 23 (41.4%) of the 56 injured eyes. Conclusions The usefulness of orbito-ocular ultrasonography in ophthalmic trauma management has been demonstrated in this study, especially using nondedicated eye scanners when a dedicated one is unavailable.
Regional Nerve Block of the Upper Eyelid in Oculoplastic Surgery
Authors: Ismail A.R. , Anthony T. , Mordant D.J. , Maclean H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To establish the efficacy of a regional nerve block of the upper eyelid and its effect on levator motor function. Methods Forty-one patients underwent surgery on 54 upper eyelids by one surgeon, after administration of a regional nerve block at the supraorbital notch. The amount of pain experienced by patients due to the local anesthetic injection and surgery was determined by using visual analogue scores. The effect of the local anesthetic injection on levator function was determined by comparing the measured levator function prior to and following administration. Any complications attributable to the regional sensory nerve block were recorded. Results Ninety-two percent of patients found the injection painless, and the rest reported negligible pain. The mean pain score for the injection was 2 (SD 1.3, range 0–6). The mean pain score for the surgery was 0.3 (SD 0.6, range 0–3). No significant difference was found in levator function prior to and following the injection (pre-function: 14.4 mm, post-function: 13.4 mm, p=0.01). One patient had hematoma formation at the site of injection. Conclusions A regional nerve block of the upper eyelid achieves effective sensory anesthesia, without compromising motor function. This helps in an accurate assessment of intraoperative height during upper lid surgery.
Inferior Turbinate Fracture and Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Attarzadeh Ab. , Sajjadi M. , Owji N. , Talebnejad M. Reza , Farvardin M. , Attarzadeh Ad. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the success rate of probing combined with inferior turbinate fracture in comparison with simple probing as a first attempt in the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children. Methods In a prospective interventional case-control study, 86 eyes from 61 children older than 6 months with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction underwent surgical intervention. Forty-two eyes of 33 patients underwent probing combined with infracturing of the inferior turbinate and 44 eyes of 28 patients underwent simple probing. The outcome evaluation included a standard ophthalmologic examination plus a dye disappearance test 2 months after the surgical intervention. Results In the case group (probing + infracture of the inferior turbinate), the results were good in 22 (66.7%) patients, fair in 8 (24.2%), and poor in 3 (9.1%). In the control group (simple probing), the results were good in 20 (71.4%) patients, fair in 3 (10.7%), and poor in 5 (17.9%) (p=0.9). Success rates were 91% and 82% in the case and control groups, respectively (p=0.4). Conclusions Based on the results of this study, infracturing of the inferior turbinate does not increase the success rate of simple probing as a first attempt.