bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Tariff Reductions in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP): Implications for the Indian Economy
Authors: Narayanan Badri , Sharma Sachin Kumar 
Published: February 2016

Our purpose is to undertake a comparative analysis of the likely impact of tariff reduction under the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) on various macro and trade variables of the Indian economy under different scenarios. The TPP was concluded in October 2015, but it is yet to be ratified by the partner countries, and while Asian giants like India, China and Korea have not joined the TPP, there are some talks about their joining the partnership in future. Ours is a unique study that evaluates India’s perspective on joining the TPP, in terms of tariff reduction, and not in terms of the removal of non-tariff barriers. We employ the widely used standard Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model for this exercise. This is a unique framework with a global economy-wide approach, in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) setting. Five different scenarios of complete integration in terms of tariff reduction between different regions are simulated using the GTAP model. Under each scenario, the tariff among members of a group of regions is eliminated, but is unchanged for other regions. Higher welfare arising from allocative efficiency comes with the cost of a relatively lower consumption of domestic products and investment, resulting in a loss in terms of GDP. Therefore, we conclude that there are mixed prospects and no strong reason for India to pursue being part of the TPP in future, from a perspective of tariff reductions. JEL Classification: F15, F17
Impact of dual expression of MYC and BCL2 by immunohistochemistry on the risk of CNS relapse in DLBCL
Authors: Savage Kerry J. , Slack Graham W. , Mottok Anja , Sehn Laurie H. , Villa Diego , Kansara Roopesh , Kridel Robert , Steidl Christian , Ennishi Daisuke , Tan King L. , Ben-Neriah Susana , Johnson Nathalie A. , Connors Joseph M. , Farinha Pedro , Scott David W. , Gascoyne Randy D. 
Published: February 2016

Key Points
Dual expression of MYC and BCL2 is associated with an increased risk of CNS relapse in DLBCL treated with R-CHOP.
Co-overexpression of TGF-β and SOX9 via rAAV gene transfer modulates the metabolic and chondrogenic activities of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Tao Ke , Frisch Janina , Rey-Rico Ana , Venkatesan Jagadeesh K. , Schmitt Gertrud , Madry Henning , Lin Jianhao , Cucchiarini Magali 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
Articular cartilage has a limited potential for self-healing. Transplantation of genetically modified progenitor cells like bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an attractive strategy to improve the intrinsic repair capacities of damaged articular cartilage.

Methods
In this study, we examined the potential benefits of co-overexpressing the pleiotropic transformation growth factor beta (TGF-β) with the cartilage-specific transcription factor SOX9 via gene transfer with recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors upon the biological activities of human MSCs (hMSCs). Freshly isolated hMSCs were transduced over time with separate rAAV vectors carrying either TGF-β or sox9 in chondrogenically-induced aggregate cultures to evaluate the efficacy and duration of transgene expression and to monitor the effects of rAAV-mediated genetic modification upon the cellular activities (proliferation, matrix synthesis) and chondrogenic differentiation potency compared with control conditions (lacZ treatment, sequential transductions).

Results
Significant, prolonged TGF-β/sox9 co-overexpression was achieved in chondrogenically-induced hMSCs upon co-transduction via rAAV for up to 21 days, leading to enhanced proliferative, biosynthetic, and chondrogenic activities relative to control treatments, especially when co-applying the candidate vectors at the highest vector doses tested. Optimal co-administration of TGF-β with sox9 also advantageously reduced hypertrophic differentiation of the cells in the conditions applied here.

Conclusion
The present findings demonstrate the possibility of modifying MSCs by combined therapeutic gene transfer as potent future strategies for implantation in clinically relevant animal models of cartilage defects in vivo.
Tracking of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells with in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and histology after intralesional treatment of artificial equine tendon lesions - a pilot study
Authors: Geburek Florian , Mundle Kathrin , Conrad Sabine , Hellige Maren , Walliser Ulrich , van Schie Hans T. M. , van Weeren René , Skutella Thomas , Stadler Peter M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundAdipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AT-MSCs) are frequently used to treat equine tendinopathies. Up to now, knowledge about the fate of autologous AT-MSCs after intralesional injection into equine superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFTs) is very limited. The purpose of this study was to monitor the presence of intralesionally injected autologous AT-MSCs labelled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and green fluorescent protein (GFP) over a staggered period of 3 to 9 weeks with standing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology.MethodsFour adult warmblood horses received a unilateral injection of 10 × 106autologous AT-MSCs into surgically created front-limb SDFT lesions. Administered AT-MSCs expressed lentivirally transduced reporter genes for GFP and were co-labelled with SPIO particles in three horses. The presence of AT-MSCs in SDFTs was evaluated by repeated examinations with standing low-field MRI in two horses and post-mortem in all horses with Prussian blue staining, fluorescence microscopy and with immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry using anti-GFP antibodies at 3, 5, 7 and 9 weeks after treatment.ResultsAT-MSCs labelled with SPIO particles were detectable in treated SDFTs during each MRI in T2*- and T1-weighted sequences until the end of the observation period. Post-mortem examinations revealed that all treated tendons contained high numbers of SPIO- and GFP-labelled cells.ConclusionsStanding low-field MRI has the potential to track SPIO-labelled AT-MSCs successfully. Histology, fluorescence microscopy, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry are efficient tools to detect labelled AT-MSCs after intralesional injection into surgically created equine SDFT lesions. Intralesional injection of 10 × 106AT-MSCs leads to the presence of high numbers of AT-MSCs in and around surgically created tendon lesions for up to 9 weeks. Integration of injected AT-MSCs into healing tendon tissue is an essential pathway after intralesional administration. Injection techniques have to be chosen deliberately to avoid reflux of the cell substrate injected.In vivolow-field MRI may be used as a non-invasive tool to monitor homing and engraftment of AT-MSCs in horses with tendinopathy of the SDFT.
Transferring embryos with indeterminate PGD results: the ethical implications
Authors: Insogna Iris G. , Ginsburg Elizabeth 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
In vitro fertilization (IVF) and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) are becoming increasingly common techniques to select embryos that are unaffected by a known genetic disorder. Though IVF-PGD has high success rates, 7.5 % of blastocysts have inconclusive results after testing. A recent case involving a known BRCA-1 carrier was brought before our Assisted Reproductive Technology Ethics Committee in order to gain a better appreciation for the ethical implications surrounding the transfer of embryos with indeterminate testing.

The case presentation
Thirty-nine year old G0 BRCA-1 carrier requiring IVF for male factor infertility. The couple elected for PGD to select against BRCA-1 gene carrier embryos. However, several embryos were returned with inconclusive results. The couple wished to proceed with the transfer of embryos with an unknown carrier status. The case was presented before our Assisted Reproductive Technology Ethics Committee.

Conclusion
Many considerations were explored, including the physician's duty to protect patient autonomy, the physician's duty to act in the best interest of the future child, and the physician's duty towards society. Transferring both embryos with unknown carrier status and known-carrier status was debated. Ultimately, the transfer of inconclusive embryos was felt to be ethically permissible in most cases if patients had been adequately counseled. However, the re-biopsy of embryos with inconclusive testing results was encouraged. The transfer of known-carrier embryos was felt to be unethical for certain disease-states, depending on the severity of illness and timing of disease onset. We strongly encourage physicians to create an action plan in advance with their patients, prior to testing, in the event that embryos are returned with inconclusive PGD results. The committee’s decision, though helpful in guiding practice, should not overshadow the individual physician-patient relationship, and the need for thorough counseling.
Dynamics of volatility spillover between stock market and foreign exchange market: evidence from Asian Countries
Authors: Jebran Khalil , Iqbal Amjad 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study is to examine volatility spillover effects between stock market and foreign exchange market in selected Asian countries; Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, China, Hong Kong and Japan. This study considered daily data from 4th January, 1999 to 1st January, 2014.

Methods
This study opted EGARCH (Exponential Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) model for the purpose of analyzing asymmetric volatility spillover effects between stock and foreign exchange market.

Results
The EGARCH analyses reveal bidirectional asymmetric volatility spillover between stock market and foreign exchange market of Pakistan, China, Hong Kong and Sri Lanka. The results reveal unidirectional transmission of volatility from stock market to foreign exchange market of India. The analysis reveals no evidence of volatility transmission between the two markets in reference to Japan.

Conclusions
The result of this study provide valuable insights to economic policy makers for financial stability perspective and to investors regarding decision making in international portfolio and currency risk strategies.
Efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and adverse
events: Meta-regression and mediation analysis of placebo-controlled
trials
Authors: Barth Michael , Kriston Levente , Klostermann Swaantje , Barbui Corrado , Cipriani Andrea , Linde Klaus 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundIt has been suggested that the efficacy of antidepressants has been
overestimated in clinical trials owing to unblinding of drug treatments
by adverse events.AimsTo investigate the association between adverse events and the efficacy of
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).MethodThe literature was searched to identify randomised, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trials of SSRIs in the treatment of major depression.
Efficacy outcomes were response to treatment and change in depressive
symptoms. Reporting of adverse events was used as an indicator of
tolerability. Random effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled
estimates. Meta-regression analyses were performed to investigate the
association between adverse events and efficacy. Potential mediation was
investigated with the Baron & Kenny approach.ResultsA total of 68 trials (n = 17 646) were included in the
analyses. In meta-analysis SSRIs were superior to placebo in terms of
efficacy (odds ratio, OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.51–1.72). More patients
allocated to SSRIs reported adverse events than did patients receiving
placebo (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.58–1.89). Meta-regression analyses did not
find an association between adverse events and efficacy
(P = 0.439). There was no indication of adverse
events mediating the effect of SSRI treatment.ConclusionsOur results do not support, but also do not unequivocally disprove, the
hypothesis that adverse events lead to an overestimation of the effect of
SSRIs over placebo.
Antidepressant treatment response: ‘I want it all, and I want it
now!’
Authors: Malhi Gin S. , Lingford-Hughes Anne R. , Young Allan H. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe treatment of depression remains suboptimal, highlighting the need for
more effective antidepressants. Traditional drug discovery and development
is time-consuming and costly, prompting the need for faster translation of
novel therapies into practice. But clinical expediency comes at a cost
against which potential benefits need to be considered judiciously.
Maintaining Adherence Programme: evaluation of an innovative service model
Authors: Lewis Llewellyn , O'Keeffe Christine , Smyth Ian , Mallalieu Judi , Baldock Laura , Oliver Sam 
Published: February 2016

Aims and methodThe Maintaining Adherence Programme (MAP) is a new model of care for patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar affective disorder which aims to encourage adherence and prevent relapse. This evaluation, conducted by retrospective and prospective data collection (including patient questionnaires and staff interviews), aimed to describe MAP's impact on healthcare resource use, clinical measures and patient and staff satisfaction, following its implementation in a university National Health Service (NHS) foundation trust in England. We included 143 consenting patients who entered MAP before 31 March 2012.ResultsIn-patient bed days and non-MAP NHS costs reduced significantly in the 18 months post-MAP entry. At 15–18 months post-MAP, Medication Adherence Rating Scale scores had improved significantly from baseline and there was a shift towards less severe clinician-rated disease categories. Based on patient surveys, 96% would recommend MAP to friends, and staff were also overwhelmingly positive about the service.Clinical implicationsMAP was associated with reduced cost of treatment, improvements in clinical outcomes and very high patient and staff satisfaction.
Development of a compassion-focused and contextual behavioural environment and validation of the Therapeutic Environment Scales (TESS)
Authors: Veale David , Miles Sarah , Naismith Iona , Pieta Maria , Gilbert Paul 
Published: February 2016

Aims and methodThe aims of the study were to develop a scale sensitive enough to measure the interpersonal processes within a therapeutic environment, and to explore whether the new scale was sensitive enough to detect differences between settings, including a community based on compassionate mind and contextual behaviourism. The Therapeutic Environment Scales (TESS) were validated with 81 participants in three different settings: a specialist service for anxiety disorders, a specialist in-patient ward and a psychodynamic therapeutic community.ResultsTESS was found to be reliable and valid. Significant differences were seen between the services on the dimensions of compassion, belongingness, feeling safe, positive reinforcement of members' acts of courage, extinction and accommodation of unhelpful behaviours, inconsistency and high expressed emotion. These processes were over time associated with improved outcomes on a specialist service for anxiety disorders.Clinical implicationsThe TESS offers a first step in exploring important interpersonal relationships in therapeutic environments and communities. An environment based on a compassionate mind and contextual behaviourism offers promise for the running of a therapeutic community.
End-of-life care in psychiatry: ‘one chance to get it right’
Authors: Galappathie Nuwan , Khan Sobia Tamim 
Published: February 2016

SummaryEnd-of-life care has been given increasing importance within healthcare settings. In June 2014, the Leadership Alliance for the Care of Dying People published One Chance to Get it Right. This nationally accepted guidance replaces previous end-of-life care pathways such as the Liverpool Care Pathway and outlines how dying patients should be managed irrespective of setting. Increasingly, patients with mental health problems are entering their final days of life within psychiatric in-patient or acute hospital settings, and psychiatrists need to be aware of the new guidance and ready to implement it within psychiatric practice.
BJPsych Bulletin author mentoring scheme –helping trainees become published authors
Authors: Pimm Jonathan , Galbraith Niall 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe publishing world is changing rapidly. Innovations include the move to open access, the rise of social media and the transition to digitalisation. In the light of these developments and with ever-increasing pressures on early career psychiatrists and trainees to publish papers in journals with a recognised pedigree, the BJPsych Bulletin is piloting an author mentoring scheme. Mentors will help clinicians and aspiring academics develop articles from a pedestrian manuscript to one that will hopefully provoke important debate and aid changes in current practices. The scheme will run on a trial basis for approximately 12 months and will then be reviewed. Mentoring has been found to have an important effect of research output including publication and grant success; the hope is that this new initiative at the BJPsych Bulletin will result in such dividends to all involved.
Obesity-associated Inflammation Induces microRNA-155 Expression in Adipocytes and Adipose Tissue: Outcome on Adipocyte Function
Authors: Karkeni Esma , Astier Julien , Tourniaire Franck , El Abed Mouna , Romier Béatrice , Gouranton Erwan , Wan Lin , Borel Patrick , Salles Jérôme , Walrand Stéphane , Ye Jianping , Landrier Jean-François 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Context:
Obesity alters adipose tissue's metabolic and endocrine functions and causes a chronic local and systemic low-grade inflammatory state to develop, generating obesity-associated complications. In the last decade, many entities contributing to and regulating this inflammatory state have been identified, among which are microRNAs.

Objective:
This study aimed to identify microRNA regulated in inflamed adipocytes and adipose tissue, and its effect on adipocyte biology.

Design and Results:
We screened the expression profile of TNFα-treated adipocytes (a major pro-inflammatory protein expressed in obese adipose tissue), and identified miR-155 as the most responsive microRNA. The involvement of TNFα on the basal miR-155 expression was confirmed in the adipose tissue of Tnfa−/− mice where miR-155 was significantly reduced. Also, mice overexpressing p65 or invalidated for p65 in adipose tissue respectively increased and decreased miR-155 expression, in line with the involvement of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway in miR-155 induction. miR-155 expression was higher in obese subjects' adipose tissue than in that of normal-weight subjects, and correlated with TNFα expression and body mass index. Gain and loss of function of miR-155 showed its effect on adipocyte function, probably via its ability to target PPARγ mRNA 3′UTR. Interestingly, miR-155 overexpression also resulted in an increased inflammatory state in adipocytes.

Conclusion:
Altogether, these data are evidence of a proinflammatory loop mediated by NF-κB and miR-155 that could participate in the amplification of inflammatory status in adipocytes.
Specific Metabolic Profiles and Their Relationship to Insulin Resistance in Recent-Onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Knebel Birgit , Strassburger Klaus , Szendroedi Julia , Kotzka Jorg , Scheer Marsel , Nowotny Bettina , Müssig Karsten , Lehr Stefan , Pacini Giovanni , Finner Helmut , Klüppelholz Birgit , Giani Guido , Al-Hasani Hadi , Roden Michael ,   for the German Diabetes Study Group
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Context:
Insulin resistance reflects the inadequate insulin-mediated use of metabolites and predicts type 2 diabetes (T2D) but is also frequently seen in long-standing type 1 diabetes (T1D) and represents a major cardiovascular risk factor.

Objective:
We hypothesized that plasma metabolome profiles allow the identification of unique and common early biomarkers of insulin resistance in both diabetes types.

Design, Setting, and Patients:
Two hundred ninety-five plasma metabolites were analyzed by mass spectrometry from patients of the prospective observational German Diabetes Study with T2D (n = 244) or T1D (n = 127) and known diabetes duration of less than 1 year and glucose-tolerant persons (CON; n = 129). Abundance of metabolites was tested for association with insulin sensitivity as assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps and related metabolic phenotypes.

Main Outcomes Measures:
Sixty-two metabolites with phenotype-specific patterns were identified using age, sex, and body mass index as covariates.

Results:
Compared with CON, the metabolome of T2D and T1D showed similar alterations in various phosphatidylcholine species and amino acids. Only T2D exhibited differences in free fatty acids compared with CON. Pairwise comparison of metabolites revealed alterations of 28 and 49 metabolites in T1D and T2D, respectively, when compared with CON. Eleven metabolites allowed differentiation between both diabetes types and alanine, α-amino-adipic acid, isoleucin, and stearic acid showed an inverse association with insulin sensitivity in both T2D and T1D combined.

Conclusion:
Metabolome analyses from recent-onset T2D and T1D patients enables identification of defined diabetes type-specific differences and detection of biomarkers of insulin sensitivity. These analyses may help to identify novel clinical subphenotypes diabetes.
The Final Years of the Constable of France, 1593–1627
Authors: Thomas Daniel 
Published: February 2016

The abolition of the office of constable in 1627 has often been viewed as part of Richelieu's supposed campaign against the excessive power of the high nobility, both within and without the royal army, and has been seen as an action that helped construct the system of “absolute monarchy” in France. Yet more recently questions have been raised about the real significance of the office's suppression. Building on this debate, this article offers an examination of the vicissitudes of the office of constable between 1593 and 1627 to provide a more detailed portrait of this position and its powers during its final years. By doing so, the article also provides wider insight into the crucial relationships among royal offices, armed force, and the nobility in early modern France.L'abolition de l'office du connétable en 1627 a souvent été considérée comme un élément d'une campagne mené par Richelieu contre le pouvoir excessif de la haute noblesse, simultanément à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de l'armée royale. Cette suppression a ainsi participé à la construction de la « monarchie absolue » en France. Pourtant, plus récemment, des chercheurs ont soulevé des questions vis-à-vis le vrai sens de la suppression de l'office. S'appuyant sur ce débat, cet article propose un examen des vicissitudes de la charge du connétable entre 1593 et 1627, afin de proposer un portrait plus détaillé de ce poste et de ses pouvoirs lors de ses dernières années. L'article propose ainsi un plus large aperçu de la relation fondamentale entre les offices royaux, la force armée et la noblesse dans la France moderne.