bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of celastrol on Tau hyperphosphorylation and expression of HSF‐1 and HSP70 in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells induced by amyloid‐β peptides
Authors: Cao Fanfan , Wang Ying , Peng Bin , Zhang Xue , Zhang Denghai , Xu Limin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTo observe the effects of celastrol on Tau hyperphosphorylation induced by amyloid‐β peptides (Aβ) in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, the changes of Tau hyperphosphorylation and the expression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), HSP70, and heat shock factor 1 (HSF‐1) in SH‐SY5Y cells treated with Aβ1–42 and celastrol were measured. Tau hyperphosphorylation and HSP90 expression induced by Aβ1–42 was also measured by Western blotting after HSP70 or HSF‐1 knockdown by siRNA. The interaction between HSP70 and Tau or HSP70 and carboxyl terminus of HSP70 interacting protein (CHIP) was measured by co‐immunoprecipitation. Compared with the control group, the expressions of HSP70 and HSF‐1 were markedly decreased after the induction of Aβ1–42, whereas the expressions of HSP90, Tau phospho S199/202, and Tau phospho S396 were markedly increased. Meanwhile, both celastrol treatment and knockdown of HSP70 or HSF‐1 in SH‐SY5Y cells significantly inhibited the Tau hyperphosphorylation and HSP90 expression induced by Aβ1–42. Moreover, celastrol treatment had no effects on Aβ1–42‐induced decreased expression of HSP70 and HSF‐1, Tau ubiquitination, and the interaction of HSP70/Tau and HSP70/CHIP. These results suggest that celastrol‐inhibited Tau hyperphosphorylation may not be dependent on the cause of HSF‐1/HSP70/CHIP‐mediated ubiquitination of Tau.
Vitamin D deficiency and supplementation in patients with aggressive B‐cell lymphomas treated with immunochemotherapy
Authors: Hohaus Stefan , Tisi Maria Chiara , Bellesi Silvia , Maiolo Elena , Alma Eleonora , Tartaglia Germana , Corrente Francesco , Cuccaro Annarosa , D'Alo' Francesco , Basile Umberto , Larocca Luigi Maria , De Stefano Valerio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVitamin D deficiency has been reported to be a negative prognostic factor in elderly patients with aggressive B‐cell lymphomas. In vitro data suggest that vitamin D supplementation may enhance rituximab‐mediated cytotoxicity. We prospectively assessed 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels at diagnosis in a cohort of 155 patients with aggressive B‐cell lymphomas of whom 128 had diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) not otherwise specified. 25(OH)D levels were deficient (<20 ng/mL) in 105 (67%), insufficient (20–29 ng/mL) in 32 (21%), and normal (≥30 ng/mL) in 18 (12%) patients with a seasonal variation. Patient characteristics associated with lower 25(OH)D levels were poor performance status, overweight, B‐symptoms, elevated LDH, lower albumin and hemoglobin levels. As a result of a change in practice pattern, 116 patients received vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation that included a loading phase with daily replacement and subsequent maintenance phase with a weekly dose of 25,000 IU until end of treatment. This resulted in a significant increase in 25(OH)D levels, with normalization in 56% of patients. We analyzed the impact of 25(OH)D levels on event‐free survival in patients treated with Rituximab‐CHOP. 25(OH)D levels below 20 ng/mL at diagnosis and IPI were independently associated with inferior EFS. Moreover, patients with normalized 25(OH)D levels following supplementation showed better EFS than patients with persistently deficient/insufficient 25(OH)D levels. Our study provides the first evidence that achievement of normal 25(OH)D levels after vitamin D3 supplementation is associated with improved outcome in patients with DLBCL and deficient/insufficient 25(OH)D levels when receiving rituximab‐based treatment.
Mitoimmunity—when mitochondria dictates macrophage function
Authors: Corrêa‐da‐Silva Felipe , Pereira Jéssica A. S. , de Aguiar Cristhiane F. , de Moraes‐Vieira Pedro M. M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the past decade, several reports have appointed the importance of mitochondria in the immune response. Our understanding of mitochondria evolved from a simple supplier of energy into a platform necessary for immunorregulation. Proinflammatory responses are associated with enhanced glycolytic activity and breakdown of the TCA cycle. Mitochondrial reactive species of oxygen (mROS) are key regulators of classically activated macrophages, with substantial impact in the anti‐microbicidal activity and pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion of macrophages. The inflammasome activation in macrophages is dependent on mROS production and mitochondrial regulation and mitochondrial dynamics and functionality direct impact inflammatory responses. Alternative activated macrophage metabolism relies on fatty acid oxidation, and the mechanism responsible for this phenotype is not fully elucidated. Thus, cellular metabolism and mitochondria function is a key immunoregulatory feature of macrophage biology. In this review, we will provide insights into recently reported evidences of mitochondria‐related metabolic nodes, which are important for macrophage physiology.
miR‐200a enhances TRAIL‐induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by targeting A20
Authors: Guo Tianshu , Zhang Ye , Qu Xiujuan , Che Xiaofang , Li Ce , Fan Yibo , Wan Xing , Ma Rui , Hou Kezuo , Zhou Huiming , He Xiaowei , Hu Xuejun , Liu Yunpeng , Xu Ling 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) triggers apoptosis by inducing the death‐inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation. Recently, TNFα‐induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3, A20) was reported to prevent TRAIL‐induced caspase 8 cleavage in the DISC by mediating ubiquitination of RIP1 in glioblastoma. However, whether A20 regulates caspase 8 cleavage in the DISC when TRAIL induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells is unknown. In the present study, A20 interacted with RIP1 and DR4 in MGC803 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells. Treatment with TRAIL promoted the A20‐mediated polyubiquitination of RIP1, caspase 8 translocation into the DISC, and the interaction between caspase 8 and ubiquitinated RIP1. Inhibition of A20 expression prevented the polyubiquitination of RIP1 and promoted caspase 8 cleavage. Moreover, our data clarified that A20 is a target of miR‐200a. Overexpression of miR‐200a inhibited A20 expression and polyubiquitination of RIP1 and then promoted cleavage of caspase 8 and TRAIL‐triggered apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate that miR‐200a enhanced TRAIL‐triggered apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by targeting A20.
Anti‐proliferative effect of rosiglitazone in the human T‐lymphocyte leukaemia cell line Jurkat cells
Authors: Wei Rui , Yu Fei , Yang Jin , Gao Hongwei , Wang Haining , Hong Tianpei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is expressed in various types of human cancer cells including leukaemia cells, and activation of PPARγ can inhibit cancer cell growth. However, whether PPARγ is expressed in Jurkat cells, a human T‐lymphocyte leukaemia cell line, and whether activation of PPARγ affects cell biological behaviors remains to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the effect of a PPARγ activator rosiglitazone, under clinically relevant pharmacological concentrations, on the growth and apoptosis of Jurkat cells in vitro and explored the possible mechanism. Metformin was also included as a positive control for the anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects. We found that PPARγ mRNA was transcribed in Jurkat cells. Treatment with rosiglitazone (5 µM, 10 µM, and 20 µM) or metformin (1 mM and 10 mM) inhibited cell proliferation, and induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 or S phase, respectively, in a dose‐dependent manner. Although metformin significantly upregulated the protein levels of the pro‐apoptotic markers cleaved‐caspase 3 and Bax in Jurkat cells, rosiglitazone did not have such an effect. Moreover, rosiglitazone significantly upregulated the level of PPARγ, and downregulated the expression of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‐1R) in a dose‐dependent manner. Our data indicate that rosiglitazone has an anti‐proliferative effect in Jurkat cells, which may be at least partly mediated via downregulating IR and IGF‐1R expression. Therefore, rosiglitazone may have a potential role not only for management of hyperglycaemia but also for control of tumor progression in patients with T‐lymphocyte leukaemia and diabetes.
A Golden Access to Acenopentalenes
Authors: Wurm Thomas , Rüdiger Elias C. , Schulmeister Jürgen , Koser Silke , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBy employing gold catalysis, starting from dialkynylated acenes a series of novel un‐symmetrical aceno‐annulated dibenzopentalenes has been prepared. The achieved yields range from 62–68 %. The fused systems contain naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene, and pentacene units. All new compounds are soluble and stable under standard conditions. The optical properties of the systems are dominated by the dibenzopentalene core for the smaller representatives, while for the anthracene‐pentacene‐based aceno‐benzopentalenes the optical properties of the acene group dominates. Preliminary morphology tests on thin films showed a reverse trend between crystal size and molecule size.
Synthesis of β‐Nicotinamide Riboside Using an Efficient Two‐Step Methodology
Authors: Zhang Ning , Sauve Anthony A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA two‐step chemical method for the synthesis of β‐nicotinamide riboside (NR) is described. NR has achieved wide use as an NAD+ precursor (vitamin B3) and can significantly increase central metabolite NAD+ concentrations in mammalian cells. β‐NR can be prepared with an efficient two‐step procedure. The synthesis is initiated via coupling of commercially available 1,2,3,5‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranose with ethyl nicotinate in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf). 1H NMR showed that the product was formed with complete stereoselectivity to produce only the β‐isomer in high yield (>90% versus starting sugar). The clean stereochemical result suggests that the coupling proceeds via a cationic cis‐1,2‐acyloxonium‐sugar intermediate, which controls addition by nucleophiles to generate predominantly β‐stereochemistry. The subsequent deprotection of esters in methanolic ammonia generates the desired product in 85% overall yield versus sugar. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A preview of perennial grain agriculture: knowledge gain from biotic interactions in natural and agricultural ecosystems
Authors: Rasche Frank , Blagodatskaya Evgenia , Emmerling Christoph , Belz Regina , Musyoki Mary K. , Zimmermann Judith , Martin Konrad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCompared to their annual analogues, perennial grain cropping systems provide various beneficial attributes for the environment and ecosystem services related to resource use efficiency, soil erosion, and soil conservation. However, there is only limited understanding of the multiple biotic interactions in perennial cropping systems and their potential effects on the crop, involving plant growth‐promoting and pathogenic microorganisms, beneficial and detrimental faunal organisms below‐ and above‐ground, weeds, and overall biodiversity effects. We use information from studies carried out in managed and natural perennial systems of analogous structure such as perennial energy crop production systems and grasslands to highlight and specify biotic interactions and processes, which potentially constitute advantages and constraints in developing perennial grain cropping systems. Concerning the relevance of soil microorganisms and potential perennial crop breeding goals, we focus on a range of plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere involved in biofertilization, phytostimulation, and biological control of soil pathogens. We consider relationships within the faunal community emphasizing arthropod pests and their natural enemies, as well as crop–weed interactions. Based on these outcomes and in comparison with annual systems, we discuss and compile benefits, options, and limitations of management of crop‐associated biotic interactions and biodiversity, which might contribute to reproducible and sustainable effects of perennial grain crop productivity. We conclude that management strategies for perennial grain cropping systems depend much more on ecological processes and interactions operating in natural ecosystems than those in annual cropping systems. Consequently, the use of agrochemicals for pest, weed, and disease control, as well as the use of synthetic fertilizers, counteracts the principle functions of the system and would strongly degrade the potential of biotic benefits. We also found that there is only vague information on the long‐term productivity and cultivation period of perennial grain crops, the specific management operations of replacement, and the potential development and management of weed and pest populations. Overall, an advanced understanding of interactions between the crop and its biotic environment provides the opportunity to manipulate specific functional traits of crop‐associated organisms for improved management and crop productivity, but significant research challenges for implementation of perennial grain crops still remain.
Facilitation by ecosystem engineers enhances nutrient effects in an intertidal system
Authors: Eriksson Britas Klemens , Westra Joëlle , van Gerwen Imke , Weerman Ellen , van der Zee Els , van der Heide Tjisse , van de Koppel Johan , Olff Han , Piersma Theunis , Donadi Serena 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEcosystem engineering research has recently demonstrated the fundamental importance of non‐trophic interactions for food‐web structure. Particularly, by creating benign conditions in stressful environments, ecosystem engineers create hot beds of elevated levels of recruitment, growth, and survival of associated organisms; this should fuel food webs and promote production on the ecosystem scale. However, there is still limited empirical evidence of the influence of non‐trophic interactions on the classical food‐web processes that determine energy transfer, that is, consumer–resource interactions. On the basis of a biomanipulation experiment covering 600 m2 of an intertidal flat, we show that ecosystem engineers influence resource uptake efficiency and the accumulation of algae following nutrient enrichment in a soft‐sediment food web. Nutrient additions increased chlorophyll a concentrations in the sediment by 90%, but only in plots where we also introduced high densities (2000 per m2) of a burrowing bivalve, the common cockle Cerastoderma edule. The artificial cockle beds increased the nutrient uptake efficiency of the biofilm and promoted sediment accumulation, which suggests that the cockles facilitated the sediment‐living algae by increasing sediment stability. This indicates that ecological interactions, rather than the availability of nutrients per se, set the limits for production in this coastal ecosystem. Our results emphasize the need to include facilitation theory and recognize that positive interactions between species are key to understand, manage, and restore ecosystems under human influence.
The Gasdermin‐D pore acts as a conduit for IL‐1β secretion in mice
Authors: Heilig Rosalie , Dick Mathias S. , Sborgi Lorenzo , Meunier Etienne , Hiller Sebastian , Broz Petr 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐1β is well known for its role in host defense and the initiation of potent inflammatory responses. It is processed from its inactive pro‐form by the inflammatory caspase‐1 into its mature bioactive form, which is then released from the cell via an unconventional secretion mechanism. Recently, gasdermin‐D has been identified as a new target of caspase‐1. After proteolytical cleavage of gasdermin‐D, the N‐terminal fragment induces pyroptosis, a lytic cell death, by forming large permeability pores in the plasma membrane. Here we show using the murine system that gasdermin‐D is required for IL‐1β secretion by macrophages, dendritic cells and partially in neutrophils, and that secretion is a cell‐lysis‐independent event. Liposome transport assays in vitro further demonstrate that gasdermin‐D pores are large enough to allow the direct release of IL‐1β. Moreover, IL‐18 and other small soluble cytosolic proteins can also be released in a lysis‐independent but gasdermin‐D‐dependent mode, suggesting that the gasdermin‐D pores allow passive the release of cytosolic proteins in a size‐dependent manner.
Asymmetric goal contagion: Social power attenuates goal contagion among strangers
Authors: Jia Lile , Koh Alethea Hui Qin , Tan Felix Ming'en 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGoal contagion is an important interpersonal process. As people spontaneously infer and adopt others' goals, goals can be said to “flow” among individuals. We find that possessing power attenuates goal contagion, especially for high perspective takers. In a pilot study (N = 157), we first affirmed the interpersonal nature of goal contagion by establishing that high (vs. low) perspective takers were more likely to engage in goal contagion. We then tested the moderating role of power in two studies. In both neutral (Study 1, N = 179) and low power (Study 2, N = 304) conditions, we replicated the pattern in the pilot study. In the high power conditions, however, neither low nor high perspective takers engaged in goal contagion. Our findings suggest that goals flow asymmetrically from the powerful to the powerless, which may constitute an important means through which power hierarchy and group cohesion are maintained.
Dating Archaeological Strata in the Magna Mater Temple Using Solid‐state Voltammetric Analysis of Leaded Bronze Coins
Authors: Di Turo Francesca , Montoya Noemí , Piquero‐Cilla Joan , De Vito Caterina , Coletti Fulvio , Favero Gabriele , Doménech‐Carbó María Teresa , Doménech‐Carbó Antonio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe application of solid state electrochemistry techniques for dating archaeological strata using lead‐containing bronze coins is described. The proposed methodology was applied to samples coming from the Roman archaeological site of Magna Mater Temple (Rome, Italy) occurring in different strata dating back between the second half and the end of the 4th century A.D. and the 20th century. The voltammetric signatures of copper and lead corrosion products in contact with aqueous acetate buffer, as well as the catalytic effects produced on the hydrogen evolution reaction, were used for establishing the age of different strata and dating coins belonging to unknown age. Voltammetric data were consistent with a theoretical approximation based on a potential rate law for the corrosion process.
Intracellular potassium under osmotic stress determines the dielectrophoresis cross‐over frequency of murine myeloma cells in the MHz range
Authors: Chung Colin , Pethig Ronald , Smith Stewart , Waterfall Martin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDielectrophoresis (DEP) has been widely studied for its potential as a biomarker‐free method of sorting and characterizing cells based upon their dielectric properties. Most studies have employed voltage signals from ∼1 kHz to no higher than ∼30 MHz. Within this range a transition from negative to positive DEP can be observed at the cross‐over frequency fx01. The value of fx01 is determined by the conductivity of the suspending medium, as well as the size and shape of the cell and the dielectric properties (capacitance, conductivity) of its plasma membrane. In this work DEP measurements were performed up to 400 MHz, where the transition from positive to negative DEP can be observed at a higher cross‐over frequency fx02. SP2/O murine myeloma cells were suspended in buffer media of different osmolarities and measurements taken of cell volume, fx01 and fx02. Potassium‐binding benzofuran isophthalate (PBFI), a potassium‐sensitive fluorophore, and flow cytometry was employed to monitor relative changes in intracellular potassium concentration. In agreement with theory, it was found that fx02 is independent of the cell parameters that control fx01 and is predominantly determined by intracellular conductivity. In particular, the value of fx02 is highly correlated to that of the intracellular potassium concentration.
Brain metabolic sensing and metabolic signaling at the level of an astrocyte
Authors: Marina Nephtali , Turovsky Egor , Christie Isabel N , Hosford Patrick S , Hadjihambi Anna , Korsak Alla , Ang Richard , Mastitskaya Svetlana , Sheikhbahaei Shahriar , Theparambil Shefeeq M , Gourine Alexander V 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAstrocytes support neuronal function by providing essential structural and nutritional support, neurotransmitter trafficking and recycling and may also contribute to brain information processing. In this article we review published results and report new data suggesting that astrocytes function as versatile metabolic sensors of central nervous system (CNS) milieu and play an important role in the maintenance of brain metabolic homeostasis. We discuss anatomical and functional features of astrocytes that allow them to detect and respond to changes in the brain parenchymal levels of metabolic substrates (oxygen and glucose), and metabolic waste products (carbon dioxide). We report data suggesting that astrocytes are also sensitive to circulating endocrine signals—hormones like ghrelin, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and leptin, that have a major impact on the CNS mechanisms controlling food intake and energy balance. We discuss signaling mechanisms that mediate communication between astrocytes and neurons and consider how these mechanisms are recruited by astrocytes activated in response to various metabolic challenges. We review experimental data suggesting that astrocytes modulate the activities of the respiratory and autonomic neuronal networks that ensure adaptive changes in breathing and sympathetic drive in order to support the physiological and behavioral demands of the organism in ever‐changing environmental conditions. Finally, we discuss evidence suggesting that altered astroglial function may contribute to the pathogenesis of disparate neurological, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders such as Rett syndrome and systemic arterial hypertension.
Neural predictors of sensorimotor adaptation rate and savings
Authors: Cassady Kaitlin , Ruitenberg Marit , Koppelmans Vincent , Reuter‐Lorenz Patricia , De Dios Yiri , Gadd Nichole , Wood Scott , Riascos Castenada Roy , Kofman Igor , Bloomberg Jacob , Mulavara Ajitkumar , Seidler Rachael 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, we investigate whether individual variability in the rate of visuomotor adaptation and multiday savings is associated with differences in regional gray matter volume and resting‐state functional connectivity. Thirty‐four participants performed a manual adaptation task during two separate test sessions, on average 9 days apart. Functional connectivity strength between sensorimotor, dorsal cingulate, and temporoparietal regions of the brain was found to predict the rate of learning during the early phase of the adaptation task. In contrast, default mode network connectivity strength was found to predict both the rate of learning during the late adaptation phase and savings. As for structural predictors, greater gray matter volume in temporoparietal and occipital regions predicted faster early learning, whereas greater gray matter volume in superior posterior regions of the cerebellum predicted faster late learning. These findings suggest that the offline neural predictors of early adaptation may facilitate the cognitive aspects of sensorimotor adaptation, supported by the involvement of temporoparietal and cingulate networks. The offline neural predictors of late adaptation and savings, including the default mode network and the cerebellum, likely support the storage and modification of newly acquired sensorimotor representations.