bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical models of arterial transmural transport
Authors: Fry Donald L. 
Published: December 2017

H240: Donald L. Fry. “Mathematical models of arterial transmural transport.” Page H244: The denominator “t” on the left of Eq. 14a was omitted; Eq. 14a should read (See PDF) Page H261: Eq. A1Oa should read (See PDF) Page H262: Eq. C6 should read (See PDF) and Eq. C7 should read (See PDF) Page H263: Eq. C9 should read (See PDF)
Effect of hemodilution on oxygen transport in arteriolar networks of hamster striated muscle
Authors: Kuo L. , Pittman R. N. 
Published: December 2017

Page H339: L. Kuo and R. N. Pittman. “Effect of hemodilution on oxygen transport in arteriolar networks of hamster striated muscle.” Reference 22 should appear as follows. 22. Pittman, R. N., and B. R. Duling. Measurement of percent oxyhemoglobin in the microvasculature. J. Appl. Physiol. 38: 321–327, 1975.
THE IMPORTANCE OF EXOGENOUS FAT IN FATTY INFILTRATION OF THE LIVER OF DOGS
Authors: Li Tsan-Wen , Freeman Smith 
Published: December 2017

Volume 145, page 667: The Importance of Exogenous Fat in Fatty Infiltration of the Liver of Dogs, by Tsan-wen Li and Smith Freeman. In paragraph 2 under Summary (p. 674) the word increase should read "decrease".
Cerebral metabolism and electrocortical activity in the chronically hyperglycemic lamb
Authors: Rosenkrantz T. S. , Knox I. , Zalneraitis E. L. , Raye J. R. , Porte P. J. , Cramer R. , Smoloski R. , Philipps A. F. 
Published: December 2017

Pages R1262–R1269: T. S. Rosenkrantz, I. Knox, E. L. Zalneraitis, J. R. Raye, P. J. Porte, R. Cramer, R. Smoloski, and A. F. Philipps. “Cerebral metabolism and electrocortical activity in the chronically hyperglycemic lamb.” Page R1265: Several errors relating to significance of changes in arterial oxygen concentration, cerebral oxygen delivery, and cerebral oxygen uptake were introduced into Table 1 by the publisher. All of the information in the abstract and text are correct as originally printed. A corrected version of the table is reprinted below. Note that there were no changes in the fetal arterial oxygen content during any of the study periods, cerebral oxygen delivery rose during G2 ( P = 0.06), and there was a significant increase in cerebral oxygen uptake during G2 ( P < 0.05). It is hoped that this clarifies conflicting information in the text and the table concerning the metabolic changes that occur in the brain of the chronically hyperglycemic fetal lamb. (See PDF)
Effects of the β2-agonist clenbuterol on respiratory and limb muscles of weaning rats
Authors: Polla B. , Cappelli V. , Morello F. , Pellegrino M. A. , Boschi F. , Pastoris O. , Reggiani C. 
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of chronic administration of the β2-agonist clenbuterol (1.5 mg · kg−1· day−1for 4 wk in the drinking water) on respiratory (diaphragm and parasternal intercostal) and hindlimb (tibialis and soleus) muscles in young rats during postnatal development (21 to 49 postnatal days).The treatment resulted in very little stimulation of muscle growth. Significant slow-to-fast transitions in the expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms and significant increases in the myofibrillar ATPase activity were found in the diaphragm and soleus, whereas tibialis anterior and intercostal muscles did not show any significant fiber-type alteration. Decrease of oxidative enzyme activities and increase of glycolytic enzyme activities were also observed.It is concluded that whereas the growth stimulation is age dependent and only detectable in adult rats, the fiber-type transformation is also present in weaning rats and particularly evident in the soleus and diaphragm. The fiber-type transformation caused by clenbuterol might lead to an enhancement of contractile performance and also to a reduced resistance to fatigue.
Urine and plasma proteins in men at 5,400 m
Authors: Rennie Drummond , Frayster Regina , Gray Gary , Houston Charles 
Published: December 2017

Urine and plasma proteins were measured before, during, and after ascent from 800 to 5,400 m altitude on Mount Logan, in completely unacclimatized men who had made the ascent by plane in 40 min, and in acclimatized individuals who had climbed up and had lived at 5,400 m for 6 weeks. Protein excretion rates were increased, and creatinine excretion and clearance rates decreased, with increases in plasma creatinine levels, in both groups at 5,400 m. These changes were similar and therefore independent of acclimatization and of polycythemia. There was no evidence, from clearances of proteins and of polyvinylpyrrolidone, of any change in glomerular sieving, and the character of the proteinuria was qualitatively normal. Increases in plasma protein occurred only in those in whom there was evidence of dehydration. In the unacclimatized, after abrupt ascent, transferrin levels were decreased, possibly as a means of enhancing iron supply to the developing red cells, but after acclimatization transferrin levels rose to above normal levels. hypoxia; altitude; proteinuria
Composition of cerebral fluids in goats adapted to high altitude
Authors: Fencl V. , Gabel R. A. , Wolfe D. 
Published: December 2017

Page 510: In the supplementary tabulated data deposited as NAPS Document 03492, there are some misprints and computational inconsistencies in the data on HCO‑3and Cl– fluxes, and a systematic error in the reported transependymal fluxes of lactate at sea level (SL) and at high altitude (HA). These data have been revised, and a corrected version of the supplementary tables has been deposited. Page 511: Data presented in Table 4, giving parameters (±SE) of regressions of transependymal fluxes (y) of HCO‑3and Cl– on the differences in concentrations of these ions between the inflow perfusate and in the goat's CSF (x), should read: Cl– flux at SL: y = (0.39 ± 0.03)x – (0.09 ± 0.22), r = 0.94; at HA: y = (0.40 ± 0.05)x – (0.05 ± 0.26), r = 0.90; both y-intercepts not significantly different from zero; HCO–3 flux at SL: y = (0.37 ± 0.03)x + (0.25± 0.16), r = 0.92, y-intercept not significantly different from zero; at HA: y = (0.44 ± 0.04)x + (2.53 ± 0.26), r = 0.91, y-intercept significantly greater than zero (P<0.001, F test; value of x at y = 0 is –5.8 mmol/kg H2O, with the upper 95% tolerance limit of –4.0 mmol/kg H2O). All the significance tests give the same results as presented in Table 4. Thus the conclusions drawn from the data are unchanged. The mean value (±SE) of the lactate fluxes at SL was –158 ±0.06 μmol/min, and at HL –3.28 ± 0.17 μmol/min (not –0.09 ± 0.04 and –1.47 ± 0.17 μmol/min, respectively, as indicated on page 511). The negative transependymal flux (washout of lactate) at HA was significantly greater than at SL (P<0.005, t test for independent means). It was twice as great at HA than at SL, rather than 16 times higher, as indicated in the Abstract and on page 512. Page 512, column 2, paragraph 1: To interpret the data, it is suggested that"in goats adapted to HA, there exists a steady-state concentration gradient of [HCO‑3]…, with a lower [HCO‑3]in cerebral ISF than in CSF," which "may be, at least in part, owing to a concentration gradient of lactate going in the opposite direction." This interpretation remains unchanged by the correction in lactate fluxes: The mean (±SE) increase in negative transependymal flux (washout) of lactate associated with adaptation to HA was 1.72 ± 0.28 μmol/min, which accounted for 68% of the mean positive transependymal flux of HCO‑3(2.53 ± 0.26 μmol/min, see above) in goats adapted to HA, when the ventriculocisternal system was perfused with fluid having bicarbonate concentration equal to that normally found in the goats'cisternal CSF. Thus, the conclusion that the"the fluid surrounding the central chemoreceptors appears to be more acidic in goats acclimatized to HA than at SL despite the alkalosis in cisternal CSF" continues to be substantiated by the corrected data.
Thermal effects of injecting norepinephrine into hypothalamus of the rat during rest and exercise
Authors: Gisolfi C. V. , Christman J. V. 
Published: December 2017

Norepinephrine (NE) was injected bilaterally through implanted guide cannulas into the anterior hypothalamus (AH) of conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-360 g) at rest and just before treadmill exercise (21.5 m/min for 30 min). Colonic (Tc), tail-skin (Ts), and ambient (Ta) temperatures were monitored each minute by use of a telethermometer. At rest (Ta = 23 degrees C), intrahypothalamic injections of 0.5-40.0 micrograms of NE, in a total of 1.0 microliter delivered within 30 s, produced a dose-dependent hypothermia with a 3-5 degrees C rise in Ts. NE (10 micrograms) injected 2 min before exercise (Ta = 23 degrees C) caused an immediate rise in Ts and a mean decline in Tc of 0.9 +/- 0.1 degree C (SE) below resting levels during exercise. This decline in Tc was statistically the same as that observed after the injections of 10 micrograms of NE at rest. Under control exercise conditions, Tc rose approximately 1 degree C and was associated with an initial decline (0.5 degrees C) followed by a rise (4.0 degrees C) in Ts. When the alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker phentolamine was injected 5-15 min before exercise, it caused a significant (P < 0.01) elevation in Tc during the ensuing exercise compared with controls. These results indicate that 1) over a dose range 0.5-40.0 micrograms, NE microinjected into the AH of the rt produces only hypothermia; 2) alpha-adrenergic receptors in the AH participate in the mediation of heat dissipation when the thermoregulatory system is challenged by the endogenous heat stress of exercise; and 3) exercise per se provides a nonthermal input to the temperature regulatory system that enhances heat dissipation.
Effects of hypothermia and rewarming on cardiovascular autonomic control in vivo
Authors: Dietrichs Erik Sveberg , Håheim Brage , Kondratiev Timofei , Traasdahl Erik , Tveita Torkjel 
Published: December 2017

Rewarming from accidental hypothermia is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction that complicates rewarming and contributes to a high mortality rate. We investigated autonomic cardiovascular control, as well as the separate effects of cooling, hypothermia, and rewarming on hemodynamic function, aiming to provide knowledge of the pathophysiology causing such complications in these patients. A rat model designed for circulatory studies during cooling, hypothermia (15°C), and rewarming was used. Spectral analysis of diastolic arterial pressure and heart rate allowed assessment of the autonomic nervous system. Hemodynamic variables were monitored using a conductance catheter in the left ventricle and a pressure transducer connected to the left femoral artery. Sympathetic cardiovascular control was reduced after rewarming. Stroke volume increased during cooling but decreased during stable hypothermia and did not normalize during rewarming. Despite autonomic dysfunction, total peripheral resistance increased during cooling and did not normalize after rewarming. The present data show that sympathetic cardiovascular control is reduced by hypothermia and rewarming. A simultaneous systolic dysfunction is seen in rewarmed animals, caused by reduced filling of the left ventricle and impaired contractile function, in the presence of normal diastolic function. These findings show that dysfunction of the efferent sympathetic nervous system could be instrumental in development of rewarming shock. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study shows impaired autonomic control of cardiovascular function after rewarming from severe hypothermia. In victims of accidental hypothermia, rewarming shock is a much feared and lethal complication. The pathophysiology causing such cardiovascular collapse appears complex. Our findings indicate that dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is an important part of the pathophysiology. Thus the present study gives novel information, important for further development of treatment strategies in this patient group.
Early blood pressure response to isometric exercise is attenuated in obese individuals who have undergone bariatric surgery
Authors: Limberg Jacqueline K. , Guo Winston , Joyner Michael J. , Charkoudian Nisha , Curry Timothy B. 
Published: December 2017

Blood pressure (BP) reactivity is predictive of the development of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that the BP response at the onset of isometric handgrip exercise would occur earlier and to a lesser degree in individuals who underwent bariatric surgery compared with obese adults and that the reliance on total peripheral resistance (TPR) would be attenuated. Twenty-six individuals (7 nonobese, 11 obese, 8 postbariatric surgery) completed isometric handgrip exercise (40% maximum voluntary contraction) to exhaustion. Heart rate (HR, ECG) and arterial BP (brachial catheter) were measured continuously. Stroke volume was estimated from the pressure waveform, and cardiac output (CO) and TPR were calculated. Peak change, time to peak, and rate of rise in BP were assessed during the first 30 s of exercise. Obese adults exhibited a slower rise in BP and higher peak BP at exercise onset compared with nonobese controls ( P < 0.05). Peak BP and the rate of rise were not different between individuals who underwent bariatric surgery and nonobese controls ( P > 0.05). Nonobese controls exhibited an exercise-mediated increase in CO, whereas obese adults increased TPR ( P < 0.05). The increases in CO and TPR were less apparent in individuals who underwent bariatric surgery ( P > 0.05). In contrast to obese adults, individuals who underwent bariatric surgery exhibit a rapid rise in BP at exercise onset. This rapid increase in BP is associated with a fall in TPR and results in lower peak BP at the onset of isometric exercise. These data suggest that bariatric surgery improves BP reactivity via changes in the time course of hemodynamic responses. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce the blood pressure (BP) response to isometric handgrip exercise. By examining the time course of the BP response to exercise, we found, in contrast to obese adults, individuals who underwent bariatric surgery exhibit a rapid rise in BP at exercise onset, which is associated with a fall in total peripheral resistance and results in lower peak BP at the onset of isometric exercise. These data suggest that bariatric surgery improves BP reactivity via reflex autonomic adjustments.
The transition from over-the-counter to self-service sales of alcoholic beverages in Norwegian monopoly outlets: Implications for sales and customer satisfaction
Authors: Horverak øyvind 
Published: December 2017

Aims To study the impact of the introduction of self-service at the Norwegian alcohol monopoly outlets. Design Sales at outlets where self-service was introduced were compared with sales at outlets that remained over-the-counter. A regression model of the ARIMA type was used to estimate the gross effect on sales. Customer interviews were employed to correct for the effect on sales of purchases by new customers who were attracted to the self-service outlets. Changes in public opinion were gauged by means of nationwide interview surveys and by interview surveys of representative samples of the outlets' customers. Results Sales rose by a net average of about 10 per cent in terms of pure alcohol. The change in method of sale was greatly appreciated by the customers, especially by customers patronizing the self-service shops. Among these, the sentiment in favour of self-service shifted from 61 to 96 per cent during the experiment. For many customers, the sentiment in favour of self-service was strong enough to result in changes in shopping habits. This was evident in towns where customers were allowed to choose between the two forms of service. In these towns sales increased heavily in self-service outlets while it decreased in remaining over-the-counter outlets. Conclusions The introduction of self-service in what were previously over-the-counter outlets led to an increase in alcohol sales, at the same time as self-service alcohol sales proved popular among the alcohol monopoly's customers. Despite the fact that the introduction of self-service brought a substantial increase in alcohol sales, there was a desire in political quarters to expand the scheme. By the end of 2006, 198 of Vinmonopolet's total of 211 shops had been converted to self-service.
How do minors succeed in buying beer in Sweden?
Authors: Geidne Susanna , Eriksson Charli 
Published: December 2017

Aims This study examines the compliance with the law against selling beer to under-aged persons in Sweden. It also analyses determinants of compliance and the importance of checking IDs. The paper also aims to reveal the strategies used by youths when purchasing beer. Methods & Data The study is the result of a close collaboration between the Swedish Youth Temperance movement (UNF) and researchers at Örebro University. UNF has been responsible for the purchase attempts, and the research team for the analyses. The data consists of 681 purchase attempts in seven cities in Sweden during 2003–2004. Results Almost half of the purchase attempts made by under-aged persons (14–17 years old) resulted in successfully buying beer. The study reveals that the genders of the check-out clerk and the buyer are significant with regard to both selling/buying beer and asking for ID. The proportion of sales was significantly higher to girls than boys, both in total and when they were asked for ID first. Conclusions The study shows that under-aged teenagers succeed in purchasing beer in Sweden despite the present legislation. Some succeed because of the tricks they use, and some because of the check-out clerk's negligence. The procedure used in the present study – letting under-aged persons attempt to purchase beer – resembles the situation for ordinary teenagers trying to buy beer under normal circumstances.
Artikel
Authors: Richert Torkel 
Published: December 2017

T. Richert: Injection drug using women and the means by which they support their drug use Aims and Methods The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the ways in which women who inject heroin or amphetamines procure drugs and finance their drug use. The results are based on standardised interviews conducted at the needle exchange programme in Malmö between 1 July 2005 and 30 September 2006. In total, 188 out of the 232 women who visited the programme during this period were interviewed. Results A vast majority of the women (93%) buy most of the drugs they use themselves. Among the women interviewed, the most common sources of income were; social benefits (45%), dealing (23%), prostitution (22%), theft (21%) and paid work (16%). A majority of the women (53%) reported use of both formal and informal incomes to finance their drug use over the last two weeks, just over a third of the women (36%) reported only formal incomes, and a small minority (12%) reported only informal incomes. A majority of the women also reported to have been provided with drugs by others. In most cases, the provider was a man (p>.01). Women with heroin as their principal drug more frequently reported multiple sources of income (p>.01), income through prostitution (p>.001), dealing (p>.01) or theft (p>.05), whereas women with amphetamines as their principal drug more frequently reported income through paid work (p>.05) or pensions (p>.01). Conclusions Few women correspond to the stereotypical image of the homeless and outcast street addict who supports her drug habit mainly through prostitution and illegal activities or by contacts with male addicts. The majority of the women in this study have a relatively stable housing situation, the vast majority (93%) are active actors on the drug market who buy most of the drugs they use themselves, and most of the women use incomes from both formal/legal and informal/illegal sources. For most of the women, drugs provided by others only constituted a complement to those obtained by the women themselves. A few women, however, who did not report any personal income, seem to be highly dependent on others to secure a safe supply of drugs. Some women also reported that they had had to perform sexual services in order to get access to drugs from male suppliers. For women with heroin as their principal drug, it seemed much more difficult to finance their drug use by legal incomes only.
Alkohol och äldre
Authors: Sulander Tommi 
Published: December 2017

T. Sulander: Increasing numbers of older people use alcohol The number of older people using alcohol has increased and abstinence has decreased over the past few decades in Finland. However, the average amount of consumed alcohol per week has remained the same. The rapid lowering of alcohol taxes in 2004 led to a slight increase in alcohol use among people aged 65–84. The number of older people in need of care for their alcohol problems has increased parallel to the increasing trend of moderate drinking. It is, however, difficult to reach heavy drinkers by using different research methods. Therefore, their number in the population could only be estimated. Alcohol use in Finland has been increasing steadily already before the alcohol tax was considerably lowered in 2004. To reverse this negative trend, alcohol taxes should be considerably increased and health promotion activities should be initiated.
“Man Får Inte Supa Ihjäl Sig Enligt Svensk Lagstiftning!”: Svenska socialarbetares tal om bruket av tvångsvård
Authors: Palm Jessica 
Published: December 2017

The Swedish handling of drug users includes compulsory treatment (CT) for up to 6 months. Social services play a key role in the decisions about when and for whom CT is used. In this paper the aim is to get an understanding of how social workers reason about the use of CT through looking at the goals they set for their clients and how they are to be reached. Why they reason the way they do is a central question in the analysis as well as in the long term understanding of why Sweden uses CT. The social worker comments are contrasted against three principles central to modern society; the principle of liberty emphazising the autonomy of the individual, the egalitarian principle of social justice linked to paternalism and the utilitarian principle focused on maximizing happiness. The data used in this analysis comes from interviews with social workers and observations of meetings with clients as well as other professionals in 6 municipalities in Sweden. Central goals for the social workers are that the client takes responsibility for her/his life (autonomy) and total rehabilitation (abstinence). However, their possibilities of reaching these goals are limited, and therefore they have modified them (a bearable life for the old and total rehabilitation for the young clients). The means to achieve these goals are ambitious treatment for the young and low threshold interventions for the old, in theory excluding CT for both groups. However, obstacles are identified also for these goals which allows for CT to be an alternative. Financial issues and expectations on social services also play a part in the understanding. Further the analysis shows the importance of the egalitarian principle and a strong paternalism, which minimizes the role of the liberty principle.