bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of contact call differentiation in the panmictic East African Abyssinian White‐eye Zosterops abyssinicus (Aves: Passeriformes)
Authors: Habel Jan Christian , Husemann Martin , Ulrich Werner 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSpecies distribution patterns range from highly disjunct to continuous, depending on their ecological demands and the availability of respective habitats. East African savannahs are mostly interconnected and ecologically comparatively homogenous and thus provide a prerequisite for a rather panmictic distribution pattern for species occurring in this habitat. The Abyssinian white‐eye Zosterops abyssinicus is a savannah inhabiting bird species, representing such a continuous distribution. This species occurs in high abundances and is very mobile, and past population genetic studies have suggested that gene flow is high and genetic differentiation is low even across relatively large geographic distances. Further, only little morphological differences were found. In order to test for potential divergence in acoustic traits despite its interconnected geographic distribution, we analyzed 2795 contact calls of Z. abyssinicus, which were recorded at 19 sites across Kenya. Our data indicate weak, but significant differentiation in call characteristics across latitudinal gradients. We found strong changes in call characteristics in populations where Z. abyssinicus occurs in sympatry with its highland congener, Zosterops poliogaster. However, the changes in call characteristics in sympatry were in different directions and lead to strong differentiation of the sympatric populations to other conspecific populations potentially representing a case of cascade reinforcement. The detected spatial gradients likely result from ecological differences and balancing effects of natural and sexual selection.
Group 4 Metallocene Complexes and Cyanopyridines: Coordination or Coupling to Metallacycles
Authors: Tomaschun Gabriele , Altenburger Kai , Reiß Fabian , Becker Lisanne , Spannenberg Anke , Arndt Perdita , Jiao Haijun , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe reactions of the group 4 metallocene alkyne complexes Cp*2M(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3) (M = Ti, Zr) with different cyanopyridines were investigated. For the zirconium compound, the unstable products Cp*2Zr(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3)(N≡C‐py) were first formed by the end‐on coordination of the substrate. Subsequent reaction with a second equivalent resulted in the elimination of the alkyne and in the formation of 1‐zircona‐2,5‐diazacyclopenta‐2,4‐dienes. By applying (2‐bromo)‐5‐cyanopyridine, Cp*2ZrBr2 was also isolated. Nitrile–nitrile C–C couplings of the cyanopyridines to five‐membered metallacycles also occurred for the titanium complexes, but without the generation of side products. By using 2,6‐dicyanopyridine, this reaction resulted in the formation of a tetranuclear complex. The structures, stability, and reactivity of the complexes were analysed and rationalised on the basis of DFT calculations.
Sensitivity of simulated flow fields and bathymetries in meandering channels to the choice of a morphodynamic model
Authors: Rousseau Yannick Y. , Biron Pascale M. , Van de Wiel Marco J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMorphodynamic models are used by river practitioners and scientists to simulate geomorphic change in natural and artificial river channels. It has long been recognized that these models are sensitive to the choice of parameter values, and proper calibration is now common practice. This paper investigates the less recognized impact of the choice of the model itself. All morphodynamic models purport to simulate the same flow and sediment dynamics, often relying on the same governing equations. Yet in solving these equations, the models have different underlying assumptions, for example regarding spatial discretization, turbulence, sediment inflow, lateral friction, and bed load transport. These differences are not always considered by the average model user, who might expect similar predictions from calibrated models. Here, a series of numerical simulations in meandering channels was undertaken to test whether six morphodynamic codes (BASEMENT, CCHE‐2D, NAYS, SSIIM‐1, TELEMAC‐2D and TELEMAC‐3D) would yield significantly different equilibrium bathymetries if subjected to identical, initial flow conditions. We found that, despite producing moderately similar velocity patterns on a fixed‐flat bed (regression coefficient r of 0.77 ± 0.20), the codes disagree substantially with respect to simulated bathymetries (r = 0.49 ± 0.31). We relate these discrepancies to differences in the codes' assumptions. Results were configuration specific, i.e. codes that perform well for a given channel configuration do not necessarily perform well with higher or lower sinuosity configurations. Finally, limited correlation is found between accuracy and code complexity; the inclusion of algorithms that explicitly account for the effects of local bed slope and channel curvature effects on transport magnitude and direction does not guarantee accuracy. The range of solutions obtained from the evaluated codes emphasizes the need for carefully considering the choice of code. We recommend the creation of a central repository providing universal validation cases and documentation of recognized fluvial codes in commonly studied fluvial settings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Turbulent flow structures in alluvial channels with curved cross‐sections under conditions of downward seepage
Authors: Deshpande Vishal , Kumar Bimlesh 
Published: December 2015

AbstractExperimental investigations have been done to analyze turbulent structures in curved sand bed channels with and without seepage. Measures of turbulent statistics such as time‐averaged near‐bed velocities, Reynolds stresses, thickness of roughness sublayer and shear velocities were found to increase with application of downward seepage. Turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds normal stresses are increased in the streamwise direction under the action of downward seepage, causing bed particles to move rapidly. Analysis of bursting events shows that the relative contributions of all events (ejections, sweeps and interactions) increase throughout the boundary layer, and the thickness of the zone of dominance of sweep events, which are responsible for the bed material movement, increases in the case of downward seepage. The increased sediment transport rate due to downward seepage deforms the cross‐sectional geometry of the channel made of erodible boundaries, which is caused by an increase in flow turbulence and an associated decrease in turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and turbulent diffusion.
The performance of an intermediate 16th‐week ultrasound scan for the follow‐up of euploid fetuses with increased nuchal translucency
Authors: Le Lous Maela , Bouhanna Philippe , Colmant Claire , Rozenberg Patrick , Quibel Thibaud 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study is to assess the utility of an intermediate ultrasound scan at 16+0 to 18+6 weeks of gestation in euploid fetuses with increased nuchal translucency ≥ 3.5 mm.MethodsThree hundred eighty‐nine fetuses with nuchal translucency (NT) ≥ 3.5 mm were identified in two prenatal centers between January 2008 and December 2012. Pregnancy work‐up included karyotyping, monthly detailed ultrasound scan starting with a 16th‐week scan, a cardioechography, and a genetic counseling. Abnormal findings and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsOf the 389 fetuses included, 52% had normal karyotype. Among euploid fetuses, 51 (30.7%) structural defects were identified overall. First‐trimester scan was useful to identify 16 of the major defects (31.3%), and the 16th‐week scan was useful to identify an additional 21 of them (41.2%), whereas the 22nd‐week pregnancy scan discovered an additional 14 (27.4%). Structural defects discovered with the 16th‐week scan were cardiac defects (n = 7), polymalformative syndromes (n = 3), left diaphragmatic hernias (n = 3), limbs abnormalities (n = 2), genitourinary (n = 2), microretrognathism (n = 2), hydrops (n = 1), and exomphalos (n = 1). If the intermediate scan was normal, the chances of a favorable outcome were as high as 85% and were close to 100% after 20 weeks, irrespective of initial NT.ConclusionThe intermediate ultrasound was useful in fetuses with increased NT pregnancy work‐up. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
40 Jahre industrielles Magnetron‐Sputtern in Europa
Authors: Seyfert Ulf , Heisig Ulrich , Teschner Götz , Strümpfel Johannes 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIm Oktober 1974 wurde die erste durch einen Ringspalt‐Magnet unterstützte Magnetronentladung am damaligen Forschungsinstitut Manfred von Ardenne (IvA) in Dresden ausgeführt. An ähnlichen Entwicklungen wurde zu dieser Zeit auch in anderen europäischen Ländern und den USA gearbeitet. Anlässlich dieses vierzigsten Jubiläums beschreibt der vorliegende Beitrag — mit überwiegendem Blick auf Europa — die Entwicklung der ersten Magnetrons und die antreibenden Faktoren für ihre Weiterentwicklung. Er illustriert den Fortschritt von den Anfängen der Sputtertechnik mit kleinen kreisförmigen Sputterquellen bis hin zu einer verlässlichen industriell einsetzbaren Technologie mit bewährten Lösungen zur Beschichtung großflächiger Substrate.
Multigene phylogeny and taxonomic revision of yeasts and related fungi in the Ustilaginomycotina
Authors: Wang Q.-M. , Begerow D. , Groenewald M. , Liu X.-Z. , Theelen B. , Bai F.-Y. , Boekhout T. 
Published: December 2015

The subphylum Ustilaginomycotina (Basidiomycota, Fungi) comprises mainly plant pathogenic fungi (smuts). Some of the lineages possess cultivable unicellular stages that are usually classified as yeast or yeast-like species in a largely artificial taxonomic system
which is independent from and largely incompatible with that of the smut fungi. Here we performed phylogenetic analyses based on seven genes including three nuclear ribosomal RNA genes and four protein coding genes to address the molecular phylogeny of the ustilaginomycetous yeast species
and their filamentous counterparts. Taxonomic revisions were proposed to reflect this phylogeny and to implement the ‘One Fungus = One Name’ principle. The results confirmed that the yeast-containing classes Malasseziomycetes, Moniliellomycetes and Ustilaginomycetes
are monophyletic, whereas Exobasidiomycetes in the current sense remains paraphyletic. Four new genera, namely Dirkmeia gen. nov., Kalmanozyma gen. nov., Golubevia gen. nov. and Robbauera gen. nov. are proposed to accommodate Pseudozyma and Tilletiopsis
species that are distinct from the other smut taxa and belong to clades that are separate from those containing type species of the hitherto described genera. Accordingly, new orders Golubeviales ord. nov. with Golubeviaceae fam. nov. and Robbauerales ord. nov. with Robbaueraceae
fam. nov. are proposed to accommodate the sisterhood of Golubevia gen. nov. and Robbauera gen. nov. with other orders of Exobasidiomycetes. The majority of the remaining anamorphic yeast species are transferred to corresponding teleomorphic genera based on strongly supported
phylogenetic affinities, resulting in the proposal of 28 new combinations. The taxonomic status of a few Pseudozyma species remains to be determined because of their uncertain phylogenetic positions. We propose to use the term pro tempore or pro tem. in abbreviation to
indicate the single-species lineages that are temporarily maintained.
Gender analysis in the development and validation of FFQ: a systematic review
Authors: Lee Hanna , Kang Minji , Song Won Ok , Shim Jae Eun , Paik Hee Young 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFFQ comprising food items, intake frequency categories and portion sizes have been used in large-scale observational studies to assess long-term dietary exposure. Although gender is an important influence on food choice and portion size, gender differences are not often analysed during FFQ development. This study investigated whether gender differences were considered sufficiently when developing FFQ, which affects the results of validation studies. A PubMed search using combinations of ‘FFQ’, ‘Food Frequency Questionnaire’, ‘Validation’ and ‘Validity’ identified 246 validation studies available in English, published between January 1983 and May 2014, which included healthy male and female adults. The development process of the 196 FFQ used in the 246 validation studies was examined. Of these, twenty-one FFQ (10·7 %) considered gender during item selection or portion size determination, and were therefore classified as gender specific (GS), but 175 (89·3 %) did not consider gender, and were classified as ‘not gender specific (NGS)’. When the ratios between intake levels obtained using the FFQ and a reference method for energy and seven nutrients were compared between the GS group and the NGS group, more significant differences were observed in women than in men (four v. one nutrient). Intake of three nutrients was significantly underestimated in both sexes in the GS group. In the NGS group, nutrient intakes were significantly overestimated more often in women than in men (four v. one). These results indicate that not considering gender in FFQ development causes greater inaccuracy in dietary intake assessment in women than in men. Results of nutritional epidemiological studies should be re-evaluated for their validity, especially if the studies used NGS-FFQ.
A closed-form solution for the position analysis of a novel fully spherical parallel manipulator – ERRATUM
Authors: Enferadi Javad , Shahi Amir 
Published: December 2015

There was an error in the spelling of the author's affiliation. Where the affiliation read “Department of mechanical engineering, Mashad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashad, Iran” it should instead have read “Department of mechanical engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran”.The publisher regrets this error.
A deserted desert
Authors: Bulley Michael 
Published: December 2015

This article is about a small group of words in English, ones beginning with the prefix <de->, followed by 
 and a vowel. If we omit rare words and obvious derivations, we end up with the following list:
desalinate, desaturate, desecrate, desegregate, deselect, desensitise, desert, deserve, desiccate, design, designate, desire, desist, desolate, desuetude, desultory
An Historical Examination of the Development of Emergency Medical Services Education in the US through Key Reports (1966-2014)
Authors: Brooks Ingrid A. , Sayre Michael R. , Spencer Caroline , Archer Frank L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe Emergency Medical Services (EMS) approach to emergency prehospital care in the United States (US) has global influence. As the 50-year anniversary of modern US EMS approaches, there is value in examining US EMS education development over this period. This report describes US EMS education milestones and identifies themes that provide context to readers outside the US.MethodAs US EMS education is described mainly in publications of federal US EMS agencies and associations, a Google search and hand searching of documents identified publications in the public domain. MEDLINE and CINAHL Plus were searched for peer reviewed publications. Documents were reviewed using both a chronological and thematic approach.ResultsSeventy-eight documents and 685 articles were screened, the full texts of 175 were reviewed, and 41 were selected for full review. Four historical periods in US EMS education became apparent: EMS education development (1966-1980); EMS education consolidation and review (1981-1989); EMS education reflection and change (1990-1999); and EMS education for the future (2000-2014). Four major themes emerged: legislative authority, physician direction, quality, and development of the profession.ConclusionDocuments produced through broad interprofessional consultations, with support from federal and US EMS authorities, reflect the catalysts for US EMS education development. The current model of US EMS education provides a structure to enhance educational quality into the future. Implementation evaluation of this model would be a valuable addition to the US EMS literature. The themes emerging from this review assist the understanding of the characteristics of US EMS education.BrooksIA, SayreMR, SpencerC, ArcherFL. An historical examination of the development of Emergency Medical Services education in the US through key reports (1966-2014). Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(1):90–97.
Early detection and successful treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy in a patient with advanced carcinoma of the external genitalia during chemotherapy
Authors: Onishi Hideki , Ishida Mayumi , Toyama Hiroaki , Tanahashi Iori , Ikebuchi Kenji , Taji Yoshitada , Fujiwara Keiichi , Akechi Tatsuo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjective:Few reports of Wernicke encephalopathy in oncological settings have been published. Some cases of Wernicke encephalopathy are related to appetite loss; however, the degree to which loss of appetite leads to thiamine deficiency is not known.Method:A 63-year-old female with advanced cancer of the external genitalia was referred for psychiatric consultation because of disorientation, insomnia, and bizarre behaviors. Her symptoms fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for delirium. Routine laboratory examinations did not reveal the cause of the delirium. Thiamine deficiency was suspected because appetite loss had continued for 19 days since she had been admitted to hospital.Results:Intravenous administration of thiamine resulted in recovery from the delirium within three days. Serum thiamine level was found to be 16 ng/ml (normal range: 24–66 ng/ml). The clinical findings, the low level of thiamine in the serum, and the effective alleviation of delirious symptoms after thiamine administration fulfilled Francis's criteria for delirium induced by thiamine deficiency.Significance of results:Clinicians must be aware of the possibility of Wernicke encephalopathy in cancer patients, especially in those with loss of appetite for longer than 18 days. The degree of appetite loss in such patients might serve as a reference. Early detection and intervention may alleviate the symptoms of delirium and prevent irreversible brain damage.
Sekundäre Traumatisierung bei Traumatherapeutinnen
Authors: Püttker Katja , Thomsen Tamara , Bockmann Ann-Katrin 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Traumatherapeutinnen sind durch ihre Arbeit mit traumatisierten Patientinnen einem erhöhten Risiko sekundärer Traumatisierung (ST) ausgesetzt. Insbesondere wird hierbei die empathische Reaktion als möglicher Risikofaktor diskutiert. Fragestellung: Weder der Zusammenhang von Empathie und ST, noch mögliche schützende Copingfähigkeiten wurden jedoch eingehend untersucht. Insbesondere akkommodative Copingfähigkeiten (z. B. Umdeutung belastender Problemlagen), sollten das Risiko einer ST verringern. Methode: An einer Stichprobe von N = 312 Traumatherapeutinnen wird untersucht, ob die Empathiefähigkeit einen Risikofaktor für ST darstellt und akkommodative Copingfähigkeiten diesen Zusammenhang abmildern können. Ergebnisse: Es zeigt sich ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Empathiefähigkeit und ST, sowie eine moderierende Wirkung der Akkommodationsfähigkeit. Schlussfolgerungen: Empathiefähigkeit kann als Risikofaktor einer ST angesehen werden, dieser schädliche Zusammenhang kann jedoch durch Schutzfaktoren (akkommodative Copingfähigkeiten) abgemildert werden.
A novel APC mosaicism in a patient with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Iwaizumi Moriya , Tao Hong , Yamaguchi Kiyoshi , Yamada Hidetaka , Shinmura Kazuya , Kahyo Tomoaki , Yamanaka Yoshiyuki , Kurachi Kiyotaka , Sugimoto Ken , Furukawa Yoichi , Sugimura Haruhiko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUsing next-generation sequencing (NGS) to analyze a patient with sporadic familial adenomatous polyposis in whom no APC mutations were found by Sanger sequencing, we identified a novel APC mosaicism at a spliced donor site (c.834+2 T>C) in his leukocytes, normal colonic mucosa and adenoma. The detection of APC mosaicism using NGS can be useful in providing appropriate genetic counseling and surveillance of at risk family members as well as the proband.
Repression of AKT signaling by ARQ 092 in cells and tissues from patients with Proteus syndrome
Authors: Lindhurst Marjorie J. , Yourick Miranda R. , Yu Yi , Savage Ronald E. , Ferrari Dora , Biesecker Leslie G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA somatic activating mutation in AKT1, c.49G>A, pGlu17Lys, that results in elevated AKT signaling in mutation-positive cells, is responsible for the mosaic overgrowth condition, Proteus syndrome. ARQ 092 is an allosteric pan-AKT inhibitor under development for treatment in cancer. We tested the efficacy of this drug for suppressing AKT signaling in cells and tissues from patients with Proteus syndrome. ARQ 092 reduced phosphorylation of AKT and downstream targets of AKT in a concentration-dependent manner in as little as two hours. While AKT signaling was suppressed with ARQ 092 treatment, cells retained their ability to respond to growth factor stimulation by increasing pAKT levels proportionally to untreated cells. At concentrations sufficient to decrease AKT signaling, little reduction in cell viability was seen. These results indicate that ARQ 092 can suppress AKT signaling and warrants further development as a therapeutic option for patients with Proteus syndrome.
Evaluation of follistatin as a therapeutic in models of skeletal muscle atrophy associated with denervation and tenotomy
Authors: Sepulveda Patricio V. , Lamon Séverine , Hagg Adam , Thomson Rachel E. , Winbanks Catherine E. , Qian Hongwei , Bruce Clinton R. , Russell Aaron P. , Gregorevic Paul 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFollistatin is an inhibitor of TGF-β superfamily ligands that repress skeletal muscle growth and promote muscle wasting. Accordingly, follistatin has emerged as a potential therapeutic to ameliorate the deleterious effects of muscle atrophy. However, it remains unclear whether the anabolic effects of follistatin are conserved across different modes of non-degenerative muscle wasting. In this study, the delivery of a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector expressing follistatin (rAAV:Fst) to the hind-limb musculature of mice two weeks prior to denervation or tenotomy promoted muscle hypertrophy that was sufficient to preserve muscle mass comparable to that of untreated sham-operated muscles. However, administration of rAAV:Fst to muscles at the time of denervation or tenotomy did not prevent subsequent muscle wasting. Administration of rAAV:Fst to innervated or denervated muscles increased protein synthesis, but markedly reduced protein degradation only in innervated muscles. Phosphorylation of the signalling proteins mTOR and S6RP, which are associated with protein synthesis, was increased in innervated muscles administered rAAV:Fst, but not in treated denervated muscles. These results demonstrate that the anabolic effects of follistatin are influenced by the interaction between muscle fibres and motor nerves. These findings have important implications for understanding the potential efficacy of follistatin-based therapies for non-degenerative muscle wasting.