bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly reliable wind-rolling triboelectric nanogenerator operating in a wide wind speed range
Authors: Yong Hyungseok , Chung Jihoon , Choi Dukhyun , Jung Daewoong , Cho Minhaeng , Lee Sangmin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators are aspiring energy harvesting methods that generate electricity from the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction. This study demonstrates the harvesting of wind energy by a wind-rolling triboelectric nanogenerator (WR-TENG). The WR-TENG generates electricity from wind as a lightweight dielectric sphere rotates along the vortex whistle substrate. Increasing the kinetic energy of a dielectric converted from the wind energy is a key factor in fabricating an efficient WR-TENG. Computation fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is introduced to estimate the precise movements of wind flow and to create a vortex flow by adjusting the parameters of the vortex whistle shape to optimize the design parameters to increase the kinetic energy conversion rate. WR-TENG can be utilized as both a self-powered wind velocity sensor and a wind energy harvester. A single unit of WR-TENG produces open-circuit voltage of 11.2 V and closed-circuit current of 1.86 μA. Additionally, findings reveal that the electrical power is enhanced through multiple electrode patterns in a single device and by increasing the number of dielectric spheres inside WR-TENG. The wind-rolling TENG is a novel approach for a sustainable wind-driven TENG that is sensitive and reliable to wind flows to harvest wasted wind energy in the near future.
Mental Tasking and Caloric-Induced Vestibular Nystagmus Utilizing Videonystagmography
Authors: Easterday Mary K. , Plyler Patrick N. , Doettl Steven M. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of mental tasking on measures of the caloric vestibulo-ocular reflex utilizing videonystagmography as the measurement technique.

Method
A within-subjects repeated-measures design was utilized. Sixteen healthy adults were evaluated (13 women, 3 men; ages 19–31 years). Each participant underwent bithermal caloric irrigation at 2 separate counterbalanced visits. At 1 visit mental tasking was utilized, whereas the other visit did not utilize mental tasking. The following outcomes were measured for each visit: peak slow-phase velocity (SPV), response duration, peak SPV latency, and eye blink artifact.

Results
No significant difference was seen for tasking versus no tasking with peak SPV, peak latency, or response duration. A significant difference was seen for the amount of eye blink artifact, with significantly more eye blinks present for the tasking condition.

Conclusions
Results could indicate mental tasking does not affect the important measure of SPV. Moreover, increased eye blink artifact with tasking could obscure the clinician's ability to read the nystagmograph. However, this investigation is limited to the healthy young adult population, and more studies should be performed to corroborate the presented evidence.
Lignans from Opuntia ficus-indica seeds protect rat primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells against ethanol-induced oxidative stress
Authors: Kim Jung Wha , Yang Heejung , Kim Hyeon Woo , Kim Hong Pyo , Sung Sang Hyun 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Bioactivity-guided isolation of Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae) seeds against ethanol-treated primary rat hepatocytes yielded six lignan compounds. Among the isolates, furofuran lignans 4−6, significantly protected rat hepatocytes against ethanol-induced oxidative stress by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, preserving antioxidative defense enzyme activities, and maintaining the glutathione content. Moreover, 4 dose-dependently induced the heme oxygenase-1 expression in HepG2 cells.
Compositional Strategies in Schubert’s Late Music
Authors: Dürr Walther 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Schubert’s late compositions—essentially the works from 1827–8—indicate clearly his search for new paths. He seems earlier to have made his own a series of techniques which he now deepens, expands and purposefully employs, and with that creates he something substantially new. This will be shown by various examples, taken mainly from his Piano Trio in E ♭ major, D 929. First are contrapuntal techniques: in canon (as in the Scherzando movement and in the finale of the trio), fugato and fugue. Secondly, Schubert stresses motivic and sub-motivic connections in order to establish associations within an individual movement and between different movements. Thirdly, he strives for a reappraisal of tonality, which takes its place alongside the traditional means of composition (rhythm, melody and harmony). All these elements point to the fact that the musical world, to borrow Grillparzer’s words, would have been able to cherish ‘much fairer hopes’ and to expect meaningful innovations, had the Schubert composer lived.
Franz Schubert’s ‘New Style’ and the Legacy of Beethoven
Authors: Kinderman William 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Today, more than two centuries after Schubert’s birth, his instrumental compositions have begun to take their place beside Beethoven’s as works of almost unmatched richness of expression. The aesthetic framework of Schubert’s mature instrumental works reveals a highly distinctive, original approach that is indebted to Schubert’s profound experience with lieder. In this respect, one can endorse Hans-Joachim Hinrichsen’s proposal that Schubert’s relation to Beethoven does not display mere imitation but is instead a ‘self-conscious alternative position’. Close analysis of aspects of the last three piano sonatas supports this view. The C minor Sonata invites comparison to Schubert’s setting of Heine’s ‘Der Atlas’, whereas aspects of the final Sonata in B ♭ evoke features of the Heine setting ‘Ihr Bild’ as well as Schubert’s famous song based on ‘Der Wanderer’ by Schmidt von Lübeck. Schubert’s resourceful absorption of the symbolism of the wanderer endows his later instrumental works with an impressive originality that holds its own beside Beethoven’s legacy.
The Sensuous as a Constructive Force in Schubert’s Late Works
Authors: Black Brian 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Schubert’s sensitivity to the sensual quality of sound and its expressive potential is a feature of his music that sets it apart from that of his contemporaries. In Schubert’s vocal and instrumental works, carefully marked sonorities or striking harmonic events emerge not simply as local effects, but as important structural components of the work that bind its various parts together and give it its particular expressive significance. The way in which Schubert employs this material reveals a highly original treatment of form that depends upon allusion, recall and sudden transformation rather than the type of developing variation associated with Beethoven. This aspect of Schubert’s music becomes a powerful force in the masterpieces of his last years. This chapter will examine how the transformations of a single sonority in ‘Ihr Bild’ convey the dramatic flow and expressive content of the lied. It will trace the same process in the Impromptu in G ♭ major, Op. 90/3.
(Re-)Theorising Schubert’s ‘Reliquie’
Authors: Gardner Cameron 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In her biography of Schubert, Elizabeth Norman McKay has claimed considerable significance for the unfinished Piano Sonata in C major (‘Reliquie’, D 840). Her views are inspired by an expansive rise and fall in the development of the first movement and in the central section of the minuet. For McKay, these approaches to and retreats from a peak suggest a ‘narrative content’. Later in her biography the descriptions of the two examples from the ‘Reliquie’ are reiterated in order to highlight comparative moments in the ‘Great’ C major Symphony. This chapter offers unexplored contexts that have potential implications for the reception of the work, for Schubert’s developments and for musical features often dismissed as surface irrelevance. This chapter will consider precedents in corresponding parts of earlier works by Schubert and other composers. Equivalent passages in the C major Symphony will reveal some proportional and harmonic correspondence to the Sonata, especially to the example from the first movement.
Conspicuous 6-Phase Chords in the Closing Movement of Schubert’s Piano Sonata in B♭ Major (D 960)
Authors: Damschroder David 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This chapter integrates perspectives on three issues. First, the movement’s correlation to a standard sonata-rondo form (Hepokoski and Darcy’s Type 4 sonata) will be delineated, in conjunction with an assessment of its idiosyncratic tonal plan. Secondly, innovative ways in which Schubert connects B ♭ and G chords will be explored. Thirdly, the fact that Schubert here uses tonic and dominant 6-phase chords in an emotionally positive context will be juxtaposed with the first movement’s extension to less salutary variants—the tonic’s G ♭—B ♭♭ –D ♭ (= F ♯–A–C ♯) and the dominant’s D ♭–F ♭–A ♭—drawing upon my discussion of that movement in Harmony in Schubert. Whereas those variants give the opening movement a sombre cast, by the final movement a new ebullience has emerged. Schubert utilises 6-phase chords extensively without exposing their darker potentialities, his artistic vision committed to making all end well. As we know, he was unable to translate that vision into a similarly positive transformation of his health.
Dissociation and Declamation in Schubert’s Heine Songs
Authors: Ferris David 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The texts of ‘Der Atlas’ and ‘Der Doppelgänger’, like many of the poems in Heine’s Buch der Lieder, are concerned with the themes of memory and loss. One unusual feature that these two poems share is an unexpected shift in narrative perspective in the final stanza. In ‘Der Atlas’ the protagonist suddenly begins speaking to his heart, and in ‘Der Doppelgänger’ he addresses a ghostly figure who turns out to be himself. In this essay I consider some of the ways in which Schubert responded to the narrative peculiarity of these poems when he set them as the first and last of his Heine songs. By combining recent techniques to analyse rhythmic declamation with the analysis of other aspects of the songs, such as tonality, voice leading, texture and hypermetre, I show how Schubert exploits and manipulates the declamatory patterns in the poems in order to express musically the narrative and semantic levels of meaning.
Disability, Self-Critique and Failure in Schubert’s ‘Der Doppelgänger’
Authors: Binder Benjamin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
One commonly acknowledged indicator of ‘late style’ in music is self-critique. At the end of a long career, a composer subjects his or her musical language to a rigorous deconstructive analysis, exposing its fundamental premises in order to reassess its expressive validity. In 2008, however, Joseph Straus suggested that ‘late-style’ musical features are often more fruitfully interpreted as inscriptions of a composer's physical or mental disability. Speaking of a retrospective, self-critical ‘late style’ in Schubert’s case is potentially problematic, since he was only thirty-one when he died. But there is general consensus that Schubert’s experience of his fatal illness (and the limitations it placed upon him) left traces in his music. This chapter offers a reading of Schubert’s ‘Der Doppelgänger’ as a ‘late’ work in both respects. Schubert’s artistic response to disability in this song takes the form of a reflective self-critique.
A Gauntlet Thrown
Authors: Youens Susan 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
It is inconceivable that Schubert would not have known Beethoven’s An die ferne Geliebte and equally inconceivable that he would not have responded to it, given his already massive investment in reshaping the song composition of his day. One imagines Schubert searching for an appropriate text to which he could fit his own Liederkreis-under-one-roof, its songs inseparably connected, or at least being alive to the possibility of the right words, should they come along. And they did, in Johann Mayrhofer’s ‘Einsamkeit’, which Schubert set to music in 1818. Four years later he would revisit this work again, the result being an augmented version with twelve measures not found in the 1818 copy in Schober’s song album (the autograph is lost). One purpose of this essay is to explore the nature of Mayrhofer’s poem against the backdrop of the Jeitteles text. The main point, however, is to discuss those ways in which Schubert’s music acknowledges Beethoven’s model, diverges from it and challenges it.
The Making of the Oxford English Dictionary
Authors: Gilliver Peter 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This book tells the history of the Oxford English Dictionary from its beginnings in the middle of the nineteenth century to the present. It explores the cultural background from which the idea of a comprehensive historical dictionary emerged as a new concept in the lexicography of English, and traces the process of bringing this concept to fruition, from the first attempts to collect quotation evidence in the 1850s, under the auspices of the Philological Society of London, through the engagement of Oxford University Press as the Dictionary’s publisher, the appearance of the first printed fascicle in 1884, and various other publishing developments, to the launching of the OED as an online database in 2000 and beyond. It also examines the evolution of the lexicographers’ working methods, and provides much information about the individuals who have contributed to the project over the last century and a half. Numerous individual words, and their entries in the Dictionary, are also discussed.
“I most sincerely wish an Arabic Manuscript of the Koran”
Authors: Einboden Jeffrey 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
William Bentley, a pioneering Unitarian minister and successor to Ezra Stiles as national diarist, produced voluminous records of daily life in the early Republic. As shown for the first time in Chapter 2, however, Bentley also succeeded Stiles in his personal appeal to Islamic precedents. Studying Middle Eastern languages while preaching at Salem’s East Church, Bentley reached eastward in transatlantic exchanges as well, trading Arabic letters and literary treasures with Yemeni merchants. Recounting a forgotten and foundational chapter in American–Middle Eastern relations, the author uncovers Bentley’s private cache of Arabic correspondence, as well his lost library of Muslim manuscripts, including the Qur’ān—an incomparable archive of Arabic and Persian sources in the early United States, collected by Bentley until just days before his December 1819 death.
“Intermingled with Texts of the Koran”
Authors: Einboden Jeffrey 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Washington Irving was a leading American Romantic, author of classic tales including “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.” Privately, however, he was also one of America’s earliest translators and transmitters of the Qur’ān. Chapter 3 establishes for the first time the wide extent, and the rich afterlife, of Irving’s Islamic studies. It reproduces selections from his manuscript Qur’ān renditions, as well as from Irving’s “Arabic Notebook,” a journal of Semitic language study reflecting his journeys in Andalucía. Held by the New York Public Library, Irving’s previously unpublished notes and notebooks testify to his domestic translation of Muslim sources into a distinctly American idiom spanning more than two decades, culminating with his 1850 romantic biography of the Prophet, Mahomet and his Successors.
Relationship Between Different Subpopulations of Circulating CD4+ T-lymphocytes and Microvascular Structural Alterations in Humans
Authors: De Ciuceis Carolina , Rossini Claudia , Airò Paolo , Scarsi Mirko , Tincani Angela , Tiberio Guido Alberto Massimo , Piantoni Silvia , Porteri Enzo , Solaini Leonardo , Duse Sarah , Semeraro Francesco , Petroboni Beatrice , Mori Luigi , Castellano Maurizio , Gavazzi Alice , Agabiti Rosei Claudia , Agabiti Rosei Enrico , Rizzoni Damiano 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Different components of the immune system, including innate and adaptive immunity (T-effector lymphocytes and T-regulatory lymphocytes—TREGs) may be involved in the development of hypertension. In addition, it was demonstrated in animal models that TREGs may prevent angiotensin II-induced hypertension and vascular injury/inflammation. However, no data are presently available in humans about possible relationships between T-lymphocyte subtypes and microvascular structural alterations.

METHODS
For this purpose, in the present study, we enrolled 24 normotensive subjects and 12 hypertensive patients undergoing an elective surgical intervention. No sign of local or systemic inflammation was present. All patients underwent a biopsy of subcutaneous fat during surgery. Subcutaneous small resistance arteries were dissected and mounted on a wire myograph and the media to lumen ratio (M/L) was calculated. In addition, retinal arteriolar structure was evaluated noninvasively by scanning laser Doppler flowmetry. Capillary density in the nailfold, dorsum of the finger, and forearm were evaluated by videomicroscopy. A peripheral blood sample was obtained before surgery for assessment of T-lymphocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry.

RESULTS
Significant negative correlations were observed between indices of microvascular structure (M/L of subcutaneous small arteries and wall to lumen ratio of retinal arterioles) and circulating TREG lymphocytes. A direct correlation was observed between M/L of subcutaneous small arteries and circulating Th17 lymphocytes. In addition, total capillary density was correlated with a TREG effector memory subpopulation.

CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that some lymphocyte subpopulations may be related to microvascular remodeling, confirming previous animal data, and opening therapeutic possibilities.
A prediction model of survival for patients with bone metastasis from
uterine corpus cancer
Authors: Takeshita Sho , Todo Yukiharu , Matsumiya Hiroko , Okamoto Kazuhira , Yamashiro Katsushige , Kato Hidenori 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to establish a predictive model of survival period after bone metastasis from endometrial cancer.

Methods
A total of 28 patients with bone metastasis from uterine corpus cancer were included in the study. Data at the time of bone metastasis diagnosis, which included presence of extraskeletal metastasis, performance status, history of any previous radiation/chemotherapy and the number of bone metastases, were collected. Survival data were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard models.

Results
The most common site of bone metastasis was the pelvis (50.0%), followed by lumbar spine (32.1%), thoracic spine (25.0%) and rib bone (17.9%). The median survival period after bone metastasis was 25 weeks. The overall rate of survival after bone metastasis of the entire cohort was 75.0% at 13 weeks, 46.4% at 26 weeks and 42.9% at 52 weeks. Performance status of 3–4 was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor (Hazard ratio, 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.41–8.70) and multiple bone metastases tended to be associated with poor prognosis (Hazard ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.95–5.97). A prognostic score was calculated by adding up the number of these two factors. The 26-week survival rates after bone metastasis were 88.9% for those with a score of 0, 45.5% for those with a score of 1 and 0% for those with a score of 2 (P = 0.0006).

Conclusions
This scoring system can be used to determine the optimal treatment for patients with bone metastasis from endometrial cancer.
Biomechanical Comparison of Superior Versus Anterior Plate Position for Fixation of Distal Clavicular Fractures: A New Model
Authors: Wilkerson James , Paryavi Ebrahim , Kim Hyunchul , Murthi Anand , Pensy Raymond A. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives:
Although most clavicular fractures are amenable to nonoperative management, metadiaphyseal fractures are considerably more complex, with rates of suboptimal healing as high as 75% when treated nonoperatively. The poor results are ascribed to the deforming forces on the distal clavicle from the surrounding muscles and the weight of the arm. It recently has been noted that some operative fixations of these fractures are also failing when a standard superiorly placed plate is used. We hypothesized that anterior plating, when compared with superior plating, improves the strength and durability of the construct by redirecting the axis of the major deforming force across rather than in line with the screws of the construct.

Methods:
Six pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaveric clavicles with the scapula attached by the coracoclavicular ligaments were osteotomized just medial to the ligaments and plated with a standard 3.5-mm limited-contact dynamic compression plate. Specimens were potted and mounted on a materials testing system machine, preserving the anatomic relationship of the clavicle and scapula. They were then loaded through the coracoclavicular ligaments to mimic the weight of the arm pulling inferiorly. Each specimen was loaded with 375 N at 1 Hz for 2000 cycles. Sequential loading was then applied at 25-N intervals until failure. Statistical analysis was performed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results:
The superiorly plated specimens failed after fewer cycles and with lower force than the anteriorly plated specimens. The median number of cycles to failure was 2082 for anterior plated specimens and 50 for superiorly plated (P = 0.028). The median load to failure was 587.5 N in the anterior group and 375 N in the superior group (P = 0.035). The median stiffness was 46.13 N/mm for anterior and 40.45 N/mm for superior (P = 0.375) plates.

Conclusions:
Anteriorly plated distal third clavicular fractures have superior strength and durability compared with fractures plated superiorly when using a physician-contoured, 3.5-mm, limited-contact, dynamic compression plate in this cadaver model.
A Useful Preoperative Planning Technique for Transiliac–Transsacral Screws
Authors: Lucas Justin F. , Routt Milton Lee (Chip) , Eastman Jonathan G. 
Published: September 2016

Summary:
Stabilization of posterior pelvic ring injuries is increasingly performed using percutaneously placed iliosacral and transiliac–transsacral screws. Understanding the unique and specific anatomical variations present in each patient is paramount. Multiple methods of evaluating potential osseous fixation pathways for screw placement exist, but many require specific imaging protocols, specialized software, or modification of data. Not all surgeons and institutions have access to these options for a variety of reasons. A simple technique to preoperatively plan for safe transiliac–transsacral screws is proposed.
Polymer physics of nuclear organization and function
Authors: Amitai A. , Holcman D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe review here recent progress to link the nuclear organization to its function, based on elementary physical processes such as diffusion, polymer dynamics of DNA, chromatin and the search mechanism for a small target by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) break. These physical models and their analysis make it possible to compute critical rates involved in cell reorganization timing, which depends on many parameters. In the framework of polymer models, various empirical observations are interpreted as anomalous diffusion of chromatin at various time scales. The reviewed theoretical approaches offer a framework for extracting features, biophysical parameters, predictions, and so on, based on a large variety of experimental data, such as chromosomal capture data, single particle trajectories, and more. Combining theoretical approaches with live cell microscopy data should unveil some of the still unexplained behavior of the nucleus in carrying out some of its key function involved in survival, DNA repair or gene activation.