bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
«Saint-Charles du triomphe de la parfaite harmonie». Une loge d'adoption oubliée (1777-1804)
Authors: Jardé Magali 
Published: June 2016

Magali Jardé : A forgotten female lodge, 'Saint-Charles du Triomphe de la Parfaite Harmonie' (1777-1804).
Saint-Charles du Triomphe de la Parfaite Harmonie, a female lodge founded in 1777, is one of the lodges that history has forgotten, as it is forgotten by the archives. Nevertheless, in the space of a few years it received on average twice as many female members as the famous La Candeur lodge. Although they were affiliated to a male workshop, these female Freemasons — a majority of whom, unusually, were commoners — did not meekly submit to this administrative subordination, but shared Masonic activities with their brothers. This study does not disprove the dépendance of female lodges on the male lodges to which they were attached, but it questions the nature of that dependence. In the case of the Saint-Charles lodge, it was not a one-way dependence, but was a two-way relationship, thus showing that female Freemasons had a role and influence in the 18th Century which history has too often denied them.
L'ignorance d'Usbek. Considérations sur les Lettres persanes
Authors: Iotti Gianni 
Published: June 2016

Gianni Iotti : Usbek's ignorance. Considerations on the Lettres persanes.
The 'complete ignorance of relationship' which, according to Montesquieu, characterizes the characters in the Lettres persanes leads Usbek, in particular, to his well-known philosophical analysis of Western institutions. But, thanks to the form of the novel, this hero cannot be reduced to being simply the mouthpiece for critical reason. He displays another from of ignorance which comes from his Eastern origins and characterizes him as a fatal representative of despotic aberrations. Thus in this work the dynamics of knowledge are opposed to the inertia of ignorance, which must be linked to Montesquieu's obsession with the idea of universal 'entropy'.
État des recherches. Présentation
Authors: Andries Lise 
Published: June 2016

Present state of research. Presentation.
The aim of this special issue is to show that the question of laughter takes on a particular guise in the 18th Century. Although laughter is connected in several ways to the tradition of the grotesque and fairground theatre, it also appears in more refined and elegant ways when it is part of social ritual and becomes synonimous with wit. It is true that this type of laughter is closer to smiling but, just like its more vulgar fairground companion, it is condemned by the Church and by certain philosophers who would like to moralize it. Thus laughter is at the heart of the 18th-century philosophical debate. It is also linked to the development of aesthetic forms in literature and art, as well as to social butterflies and ironic banter, and in its way it represents the essence of Old Régime aristocratic sensibility. Hence the Revolutionaries reproached it for its frivolity, preferring the seriousness of virtue.
Le rire bleu. Comique et transgression dans la littérature de colportage
Authors: Roche Daniel 
Published: June 2016

Blue Laughter. Comedy and transgression in chapbooks.
Chapbook literature constitutes an interesting domain for the study of laughter, the comic, and the transgression which they introduced into 18th-century society. It reveals an alien universe which helps to dissipate apparent familiarity, a disconnected and heterogeneous corpus of texts which had an impact far beyond the frontiers of the popular ; this impact can only be understood by looking at the different uses of these works, which were more everyday and collective than those destined for individual reading. We can see this through their textual presentation, prefaces and announcements. Finally, it enables us to analyse the varied formal characteristics -parody, pastiche, clichés, critical discourse, wordplay -which reveal the impact, capacity and frontiers of transgression.
Le rire dans la théorie de la comédie de l'Aufklärung (1725-1770)
Authors: Grimberg Michel 
Published: June 2016

Laughter in the comic theory of the Aufklärung (1725-1770).
This article looks at the different conceptions of laughter in the Aufklärung' s theory of comedy. Gottsched instrumentalised an exclusive laughter aimed at forcing the individual to comply with the standards of behaviour that the other members of the group obeyed ; thus laughter has the role of control and (reeducation. For Möser, by relaxing the spectators, laughter creates subjects who are more able to fulfill their daily tasks in the service of the state and the interests of society. Far from having a diabolical origin, as the churches claimed, laughter was, according to Lessing, a human characteristic ; it reinforces social ties, shows how to overcome vanity and faults by helping others to rebuild themselves, not by means of humiliation or punishment but by a pedagogy of openness and relativity. These conceptions, which reflect each theorist's vision of humans, also reveal the type of human relationships they desired.
La cacophonie des rires dans La Pucelle de Voltaire
Authors: Bertrand Dominique 
Published: June 2016

The cacophony of laughter in Voltaire's La Pucelle.
The gallant mockery in La Pucelle, so different from the burlesque parody hated by Voltaire for socio-aesthetic reasons, provides a good field for observing the different facets of Voltaire's laughter. This study, based on the internal representations of laughter (metapoetical as much as fictional) reveals contradictory postulates which border on cacophony. The outbursts that are staged in the work are mainly indicated as clearly pejorative, which reinforces the confusion as to the meaning of laughter. Some indirect light can be thrown on the question by the reflections in the article "Rire" in his Questions sur l'Encyclopédie, in which the lost fullness of harmonious laughter, associated with childhood, is contrasted with debased social manifestations, confusing laughter and barracking. La Pucelle, whose writing alternates between these two comic poles, is part of the quest for lost euphoria, which is crystallised in the effect of feminine smiles, linked to a hedonistic celebration of the pleasures of mind and body.
Diderot, ou le rire du mystificateur
Authors: Chartier Pierre 
Published: June 2016

The hoaxer's laughter.
Following persiflage (to denote scoffing banter, a word which appeared ca 1730), the almost synonimous mystification or hoaxing (ca 1760), caused a particular enlightened amusement. A friend is the victim of a more or less friendly hoax by a small group of intimates, for having stood out unwittingly from the group, which punishes him by means of this insider joke. In the early 19th Century, mystification changed meaning to apply to a direct manipulation of the public itself. Diderot made this social practice a literary manner, with La Religieuse, a hallucinatory self-mystifiction, then L'Histoire des portraits, a diary of a dubiously humoristic joke on a dancer at the opera, and finally Les Deux Amis de Bourbonne, a hoax on the gullible Naigeon. This last moving tale was so well done that the outside reader can no longer understand or appreciate the original private joke, as the "historical" story, theorized in the Afterword, creates a true illusion and effaces the irony. Diderot, aware of the powers of "realism", preferred to cultivate the liberating (because critical) laughter of philosophical persiflage.
Le rire chez Fragonard
Authors: Jollet Étienne 
Published: June 2016

Fragonard and comic pleasure.
The comic in paintings is generally studied through only two genres, namely caricature and the representation of comic scenes based on a theatrical model ; in both cases the purpose is to denounce moral deviance. Fragonard however proposes a conception of the comic which is based instead on the search for pleasure by both the figures and the spectator ; he adopts three methods which correspond approximately to three successsive periods of his creative output. During his Italian period, laughter is above all caused by exposing the innocence of beings, and complicity is more important than condemnation. In the 1760s, his comic is based on a question of the very principles of the art of painting, following a reflexive approach. In the 1770s, Fragonard emphasizes the delicate balance between innocent happiness and tragic burlesque, which is more and more evident.
Un philosophe au purgatoire des Lumières : Démocrite
Authors: Richardot Anne 
Published: June 2016

Democritus, a philosopher in Enlightenment purgatory.
The legend of Democritus was profoundly re-evaluated in the 18th Century, for Enlightenment thinkers, who aimed at socialising and humanising laughter, rejected the model of the mocking philosopher, thus breaking with a long tradition. This type of laughter was now seen more as a sign of cruelty and proof of intellectual imposture and was variously condemned : Fénélon, Vauvenargues, Diderot or Lavater did so indignantly, while dramatists (Marivaux or Regnard) exploited it to make it ridiculous and deserving comic sanction. Illustrations also show us the evolution of this character, as engravings, hesitating between depreciative caricature and a mirthless rehabilitation, totally remodelled the image of the famous laughing Greek philosopher. This persistent refusal of Democritus' s philosophical teaching is probably one of the great paradoxes of this light-hearted and mocking century.
Le rire des esprits forts. Sur les Réflexions sur les grands hommes qui sont morts en plaisantant d'André-François Deslandes
Authors: Salaün Franck 
Published: June 2016

The laughter of free-thinkers. The rehabilitation of laughter in Réflexions sur les grands hommes qui sont morts en plaisantant.
Can one laugh at anything, even death ? In this work originally published in 1712, André-François Deslandes, unlike Christian moralists, does not hesistate to compare laughter to wisdom and to praise free-thinkers. In this article, we insist on the author's method of standing Bruyère, La Rochefoucauld and Pascal on their heads. For Deslandes there is a type of philosophy which can reconcile life and death without resorting to religion. The capacity to laugh at death or to joke with it is part of a lifestyle. His work answers La Bruyère' s question as to whether free-thinkers know that they are called "esprits-forts" (strong minds) ironically, by saying that they practice a demanding and light-hearted type of wisdom. While rehabilitating laughter, Deslandes denounces the ulterior motives behind the moralising campaigns which impose mystifying seriousness.
La caricature anglaise face à la France en Révolution (1789-1802)
Authors: Dupuy Pascal 
Published: June 2016

British counter-revolutionary caricature, 1789-1802.
British caricature developed throughout the 18th Century, establishing a symbolic repertory and a comic vocabulary which were immediately associated in reaction to the French Revolution. In order to understand the techniques of humour aimed at producing laughter as well as fear, we can use the principles studied by Francis Grosse in the essay on comic painting published in 1788 as an annexe to his Traité sur les principes de la caricature. According to him, the technique of laughter is based on compartmentalized engravings and aroused by scatological references, by oppositions, symbolic inversions or anachronisms in clothing. The fertile imagination of the caricaturists used all these techniques to discredit in a gale of laughter both the French revolutionary movement and its British supporters.
Diderot, de la Correspondance aux Salons. Énonciation épistolaire et critique d'art
Authors: Cammagre Geneviève 
Published: June 2016

Diderot, from his Correspondence to the Salons. Letter-writing and art criticism.
This article attempts a re-evaluation of the interest of the letter form in Diderot's first Salons (1759, 1761, 1763, 1765). Diderot's first two art reviews were sent to Grimm, the director of the Correspondance littéraire, in private letters, and this letter form, with its inherent friendly intimacy, was maintained by Grimm on their publication and afterwards deliberately cultivated by Diderot. Grimm, the friend and alter ego, was a screen and a link between the author and the European nobility who were the intended readers of the Salons. Thanks to the protection provided by a friendly exchange of letters, Diderot developed an art of writing and feeling in the service of aesthetic values, which his eminent readership was in a position to promote. The power of letter-writing also encouraged the emergence of a conception of aesthetics centred on subjective experience. In addition, the liberation of the feelings aroused by the painting or sculpture was allowed a more complete expression in these fictional letters than in the true private correspondence.
Promenades d'Anglais sur la place Louis XV ou les aperçus critiques d'un mode d'embellissement «à la française»
Authors: Chastel-Rousseau Charlotte 
Published: June 2016

British visitors to the place Louis XV or critical appraisals of French town planning.
The recently-inaugurated place Louis XV (now place de la Concorde), designed by Jacques-Ange Gabriel, at the heart of the promenade from the Tuileries to the Champs-Elysées, rarely failed to impress the numerous British travellers to Paris between 1763 and 1815. More than sixty authors from diverse social backgrounds, keen to mix in high society or take exercise, or drawn by the symbolic aura of this historic space, lingered here and wrote their impressions in their travel accounts. While most of them hardly paid attention to the central equestrian statue of Louis XV, Bouchardon's masterpiece, finished by Pigalle and destroyed in 1792, they were all struck by the open vista provided by this huge oval crossroads which they were reluctant to call a "square". The British travellers, observing the spectacular perspective and views of the town, the way it was integrated into its natural environment and turned its back on the closed public square, realised that the place Louis XV was part of a new conception of the town.
VARIATION IN THE PRE-TRANSIT BALMER LINE SIGNAL AROUND THE HOT JUPITER HD 189733B
Authors: Cauley P. Wilson , Redfield Seth , Jensen Adam G. , Barman Travis 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
As followup to our recent detection of a pre-transit signal around HD 189733 b, we obtained full pre-transit phase coverage of a single planetary transit. The pre-transit signal is again detected in the Balmer lines but with variable strength and timing, suggesting that the bow shock geometry reported in our previous work does not describe the signal from the latest transit. We also demonstrate the use of the Ca ii H and K residual core flux as a proxy for the stellar activity level throughout the transit. A moderate trend is found between the pre-transit absorption signal in the 2013 data and the Ca ii H flux. This suggests that some of the 2013 pre-transit hydrogen absorption can be attributed to varying stellar activity levels. A very weak correlation is found between the Ca ii H core flux and the Balmer line absorption in the 2015 transit, hinting at a smaller contribution from stellar activity compared to the 2013 transit. We simulate how varying stellar activity levels can produce changes in the Balmer line transmission spectra. These simulations show that the strength of the 2013 and 2015 pre-transit signals can be reproduced by stellar variability. If the pre-transit signature is attributed to circumplanetary material, its evolution in time can be described by accretion clumps spiraling toward the star, although this interpretation has serious limitations. Further high-cadence monitoring at Hα is necessary to distinguish between true absorption by transiting material and short-term variations in the stellar activity level.
OPTICAL SETI OBSERVATIONS OF THE ANOMALOUS STAR KIC 8462852
Authors: Schuetz Marlin , Vakoch Douglas A. , Shostak Seth , Richards Jon 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
To explore the hypothesis that KIC 8462852's aperiodic dimming is caused by artificial megastructures in orbit, rather than a natural cause such as cometary fragments in a highly elliptical orbit, we searched for electromagnetic signals from KIC 8462852 indicative of extraterrestrial intelligence. The primary observations were in the visible optical regime using the Boquete Optical SETI Observatory in Panama. In addition, as a recommended preparatory exercise for the possible future detection of a candidate signal, three of six observing runs simultaneously searched radio frequencies at the Allen Telescope Array in California. No periodic optical signals greater than 67 photons m−2 within a time frame of 25 ns were seen. If, for example, any inhabitants of KIC 8462852 were targeting our solar system with 5 MJ laser pulses, locally illuminating an approximately 3 au diameter disk, the signal could have been detected at the Boquete Observatory. The limits on narrowband radio signals were 180–300 Jy Hz at 1 and 8 GHz, respectively. While the power requirement for a detectable, isotropic narrowband radio transmission from KIC 8462852 is quite high, even modest targeting on the part of the putative extraterrestrials can lower this power substantially.
A DIPOLE ON THE SKY: PREDICTIONS FOR HYPERVELOCITY STARS FROM THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD
Authors: Boubert Douglas , Evans N. Wyn 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
We predict the distribution of hypervelocity stars (HVSs) ejected from the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), under the assumption that the dwarf galaxy hosts a central massive black hole (MBH). For the majority of stars ejected from the LMC, the orbital velocity of the LMC has contributed a significant fraction of their galactic rest-frame velocity, leading to a dipole density distribution on the sky. We quantify the dipole using spherical harmonic analysis and contrast with the monopole expected for HVSs ejected from the Galactic center (GC). There is a tendril in the density distribution that leads the LMC, which is coincident with the well-known and unexplained clustering of HVSs in the constellations of Leo and Sextans. Our model is falsifiable since it predicts that Gaia will reveal a large density of HVSs in the southern hemisphere.
DISCOVERY OF A MAKEMAKEAN MOON
Authors: Parker Alex H. , Buie Marc W. , Grundy Will M. , Noll Keith S. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
We describe the discovery of a satellite in orbit about the dwarf planet (136472) Makemake. This satellite, provisionally designated S/2015 (136472) 1, was detected in imaging data collected with the Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field Camera 3 on UTC 2015 April 27 at 7.80 ± 0.04 mag fainter than Makemake and at a separation of 0.″57. It likely evaded detection in previous satellite searches due to a nearly edge-on orbital configuration, placing it deep within the glare of Makemake during a substantial fraction of its orbital period. This configuration would place Makemake and its satellite near a mutual event season. Insufficient orbital motion was detected to make a detailed characterization of its orbital properties, prohibiting a measurement of the system mass with the discovery data alone. Preliminary analysis indicates that if the orbit is circular, its orbital period must be longer than 12.4 days and must have a semimajor axis ≳21,000 km. We find that the properties of Makemake’s moon suggest that the majority of the dark material detected in the system by thermal observations may not reside on the surface of Makemake, but may instead be attributable to S/2015 (136472) 1 having a uniform dark surface. This “dark moon hypothesis” can be directly tested with future James Webb Space Telescope observations. We discuss the implications of this discovery for the spin state, figure, and thermal properties of Makemake and the apparent ubiquity of trans-Neptunian dwarf planet satellites.
La grammaire de la haine dans le quatrième Évangile
Authors: Zumstein Jean 
Published: June 2016

Dans le quatrième Évangile, la violence peut être identifiée dans trois récits fondus les uns dans les autres et qui constituent la narration proprement dite : le récit de la vie de Jésus sur lequel se superpose celui du destin postpascal de ses disciples, ces deux récits étant eux-mêmes encadrés par un récit de nature mythologique. Or à lire attentivement l’Évangile, le lecteur découvre que la narration est habitée par une violence croisée qui frappe tour à tour Jésus, ses disciples et les « Juifs ».
Le jeune Heidegger « à l’école du christianisme »
Authors: Camilleri Sylvain 
Published: June 2016

Sylvain Camilleri * propose de montrer comment, bien avant la publication en 1927 de son maître-ouvrage Être et temps , le jeune Martin Heidegger a essayé de mettre sa philosophie « à l’école du christianisme ». Il fait ici référence à sa manière d’en appeler implicitement ou explicitement à Søren Kierkegaard afin d’ existentialiser sa pensée, au sens bien précis de l’inscrire dans une certaine dialectique du fini et de l’infini, c’est-à-dire de l’être – que je suis – et de Dieu, avec pour objectif de permettre à cette pensée de prendre les paradoxes de la vie comme tels. L’enquête vise à nuancer l’historiographie courante, principalement française, en montrant que Heidegger ne fut pas tant l’instigateur de l’existentialisme athée qu’un singulier représentant de l’existentialisme chrétien, souvent présenté, à raison selon l’auteur, comme un courant ancien renouvelé de manière déterminante par Kierkegaard.
Origines et fondations du religieux : une question théologique, historique et anthropologique
Authors: Vidal Gilles 
Published: June 2016

À partir de différents exemples tirés de l’histoire et de l’anthropologie religieuse et de deux écrits de Franz Kafka, Gilles Vidal * s’interroge sur les origines et les fondations du religieux d’un point de vue théologique. Après avoir défini ce terme, il propose une typologie des relations entre le religieux, ses origines et ses fondations se déclinant en quatre modèles : la proclamation, l’occultation, la refondation et l’anticipation.
De la continuité entre morale et politique : éthique minimale ou perfectionnisme politique ?
Authors: De Briey Laurent 
Published: June 2016

Ruwen Ogien soutient l’idée d’une continuité entre morale et politique, tandis que le libéralisme politique ne vise que le champ politique. Peut-on dès lors adopter une position libérale qui contrevienne à l’éthique minimaliste d’Ogien ? C’est la tentative de Nathalie Maillard qui retravaille les notions suivantes : devoirs envers soi, dignité, conception de la vie bonne. Il est donc nécessaire d’étudier de près les exemples concrets retenus par Maillard pour appuyer ses thèses, notamment celui de l’esclavage volontaire, de la prostitution ou du don d’organes car l’usage qu’elle en propose mérite discussion. Il y a porosité entre les devoirs envers soi et les devoirs envers autrui qui tend vers un perfectionnisme modéré.
Pour la santé mentale et la psychiatrie périnatales en France
Authors: Dugnat Michel , Gouzvinski Françoise 
Published: June 2016

Les rapports entre l’obstétrique, la médecine néonatale, la pédopsychiatrie et la psychiatrie sont anciens. Les politiques publiques concernant le champ du soin et du « prendre soin » en période périnatale, souvent appelé désormais « périnatalité », se déploient depuis une trentaine d’années. Elles sont le fait de hasards, de rencontres, de conflits, mais aussi d’une volonté soutenue de rendre possible l’accès à un parcours de soin adapté à chaque famille, à travers le travail en réseau personnalisé. Des sages-femmes formées à l’entretien prénatal précoce aux unités d’hospitalisation conjointe parents-bébé temps plein, c’est une offre graduée de soins psychiques qu’il faut parvenir à construire sur l’ensemble des territoires, en sortant des dispositifs dépendants d’une personne, d’une équipe, d’un territoire, ou encore d’une histoire. La coopération pour plaider dans ce sens doit devenir partie intégrante de l’action de chacun des professionnels.