bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reasoning Beyond the Potential Use of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition and Other Specified Diets in Children With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Shaoul Ron , Brown Stephanie , Day Andrew S. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is steadily on the rise in Western and in developing countries paralleling the increase of westernized diets, characterized by high protein and fat as well as excessive sugar intake, with less vegetables and fiber. Furthermore, nutrition is involved in several aspects of pediatric IBD, ranging from disease etiology to induction and maintenance of remission of disease. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) has been shown to induce remission, including in patients with isolated colonic disease, and leads to mucosal healing in Crohn disease. One hypothesis for the beneficial effect of this modality is exclusion of dietary components thought to cause dysbiosis or impair innate immune mechanisms such as the mucous layer, intestinal permeability or colonization and adherence with adherent‐invasive Escherichia coli. Although there is not yet definitive data illustrating a role for EEN in the management of active ulcerative colitis (UC), there are several lines of evidence that illustrate that dietary interventions may be helpful. In particular, the key mechanisms of the activity of EEN (namely, changes in the intestinal microflora in Crohn disease) are likely also relevant to UC. Furthermore, the use of EEN in pediatric UC patients may add to a better bone health. Prospective studies are now required to evaluate the role of EEN in UC in children.
Memory Guides the Comprehension of Event Changes for Older and Younger Adults
Authors: Wahlheim Christopher N. , Zacks Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTwo experiments examined adult age differences in the use of memory to comprehend changes in everyday activities. Participants viewed movies depicting an actor performing activities on two fictive days in her life. Some activities were repeated across days, other activities were repeated with a changed feature (e.g., waking up to analarm clockor aphone alarm), and a final set of activities was performed on Day 2 only. After a one-week delay, participants completed a cued recall test for the activities of Day 2. Unsurprisingly, exact repetition boosted final recall. More surprising, features that changed from Day 1 to Day 2 were remembered approximately as well as features that were only presented on Day 2—showing an absence of proactive interference and in some cases proactivefacilitation. Proactive facilitation was strongly related to participants’ ability to detect and recollect the changes. Younger adults detected and recollected more changes than older adults, which in part explained older adults’ differential deficit in memory for changed activity features. We propose that this pattern may reflect observers’ use of episodic memory to make predictions during the experience of a new activity, and that when predictions fail, this triggers processing that benefits subsequent episodic memory. Disruption of this chain of processing could play a role in age-related episodic memory deficits.
A mathematical and computational model of the calcium dynamics inCaenorhabditis elegansASH sensory neuro
Authors: Mirzakhalili Ehsan , Epureanu Bogdan , Gourgou Eleni 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe propose a mathematical and computational model that captures the stimulus-generated Ca2+transients in theC. elegansASH sensory neuron. The model is built based on biophysical events and molecular cascades known to unfold as part of neurons’ Ca2+homeostasis mechanism, as well as on Ca2+signaling events. The state of ion channels is described by their probability of being activated or inactivated, and the remaining molecular states are based on biochemically defined kinetic equations with phenomenological adjustments. We estimate the parameters of the model using experimental data of hyperosmotic stimulus-evoked Ca2+transients detected with a FRET sensor in young and aged worms, unstressed and exposed to oxidative stress. We use a hybrid optimization method composed of a multi-objective genetic algorithm and nonlinear least-squares to estimate the model parameters. We first obtain the model parameters for young unstressed worms. Next, we use these values of the parameters as a starting point to identify the model parameters for stressed and aged worms. We show that the model, in combination with experimental data, corroborates literature results. In addition, we demonstrate that our model can be used to predict ASH response to complex combinations of stimulation pulses. The proposed model includes for the first time the ASH Ca2+dynamics observed during both "on" and "off" responses. This mathematical and computational effort is the first to propose a dynamic model of the Ca2+transients’ mechanism inC. elegansneurons, based on biochemical pathways of the cell’s Ca2+homeostasis machinery.Significance StatementC. elegansis widely used as a model system for monitoring neuronal Ca2+transients. The ASH neuron is the subject of several such studies, primarily due to its key importance as a polymodal nociceptor. However, despite its pivotal role inC. elegansbiology, and the special characteristics of its stimulus-evoked Ca2+transients (e.g., the "off" response), no mathematical or computational model has been developed to include special features of ASH Ca2+dynamics, i.e. the "off" response. The model includes for the first time the ASH Ca2+dynamics observed during both "on" and "off" responses, and is the first to propose a dynamical model of theC. elegansCa2+transients’ mechanism based on biochemical pathways of the cell’s Ca2+homeostasis machinery.AbbreviationsERendoplasmic reticulumPMCAplasma membrane Ca2+ATPaseSERCAsarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-transport ATPaseTRPVtransient receptor potential-vallinoidVGCCvoltage gated Ca2+channelsIP33-phopsho inositolIPRIP3receptorsROSreactive oxygen speciesGAgenetic algorithmESextracellular space
Single cell transcriptional profiling reveals cellular diversity, communication, and sexual dimorphism in the mouse heart
Authors: Skelly Daniel A. , Squiers Galen T. , McLellan Micheal A. , Bolisetty Mohan T. , Robson Paul , Rosenthal Nadia A. , Pinto Alexander R. 
Published: October 2017

INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPHCharacterization of the cardiac cellulome—the network of cells that form the heart—is essential for understanding cardiac development and normal organ function, and for formulating precise therapeutic strategies to combat heart disease. Recent studies have challenged assumptions about both the cellular composition1and functional significance of the cardiac non-myocyte cell pool, with unexpected roles identified for resident fibroblasts2and immune cell populations3,4. In this study, we characterized single-cell transcriptional profiles of the murine non-myocyte cardiac cellular landscape using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq). Detailed molecular analyses revealed the diversity of the cardiac cellulome and facilitated the development of novel techniques to isolate understudied cardiac cell populations such as mural cells and glia. Our analyses also revealed networks of intercellular communication as well as extensive sexual dimorphism in gene expression in the heart, most notably demonstrated by the upregulation of immune-sensing and pro-inflammatory genes in male cardiac macrophages. This study offers new insights into the structure and function of the mammalian cardiac cellulome and provides an important resource that will stimulate new studies in cardiac cell biology.
Evaluation of variability in high resolution protein structures by global distance scoring
Authors: Anzai Risa , Asami Yoshiki , Inoue Waka , Ueno Hina , Yamada Koya , Okada Tetsuji 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSystematic analysis of statistical and dynamical properties of proteins is critical to understanding cellular events. Extraction of biologically relevant information from a set of high-resolution structures is important because it can provide mechanistic details behind the functional properties of protein families, enabling rational comparison between families. Most of the current structure comparisons are pairwise-based, which hampers the global analysis of increasing contents in the Protein Data Bank. Additionally, pairing of protein structures introduces uncertainty with respect to reproducibility because it frequently accompanies other settings for superimposition. This study introduces intramolecular distance scoring, for the analysis of human proteins, for each of which at least several high-resolution are available. We show that the results are comprehensively used to overview advances at the atomic level exploration of each protein and protein family. This method, and the interpretation based on model calculations, provide new criteria for understanding specific and non-specific structure variation in a protein, enabling global comparison of the dynamics among a vast variety of proteins from different species.
Spatially organizing biochemistry: choosing a strategy to translate synthetic biology to the factory
Authors: Jakobson Christopher M. , Tullman-Ercek Danielle , Mangan Niall M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNatural biochemical systems are ubiquitously organized both in space and time. Engineering the spatial organization of biochemistry has emerged as a key theme of synthetic biology, with numerous technologies promising improved biosynthetic pathway performance. One strategy, however, may produce disparate results for different biosynthetic pathways. We propose a spatially resolved kinetic model to explore this fundamental design choice in systems and synthetic biology. We predict that two example biosynthetic pathways have distinct optimal organization strategies that vary based on pathway-dependent and cell-extrinsic factors. Moreover, we outline this design space in general as a function of kinetic and biophysical properties, as well as culture conditions. Our results suggest that organizing biosynthesis has the potential to substantially improve performance, but that choosing the appropriate strategy is key. The flexible mathematical framework we propose can be adapted to diverse biosynthetic pathways, and lays a foundation to rationally choose organization strategies for biosynthesis.
Identification of potential blood-derived extracellular vesicles biomarkers to diagnose and predict distant metastases in ER+ breast cancer patients
Authors: Hamidi Zia , Tejero Eduardo , Schmidt Ronny , Tucker Rod , Pedro Ana 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify potential extracellular vesicles (EV) which might serve as biomarkers for predictive and diagnostic purposes in metastatic breast cancer. Plasma samples from 7 different metastatic and non-metastatic ER+ (estrogen receptor -positive) breast cancer patients were collected, EV were isolated and their protein content analyzed by mass spectrometry and FunRich analysis. In this study we found several putative plasma EV biomarkers for metastatic ER+ breast cancer prediction and diagnosis, such as serum amyloid A1, known to promote widespread metastasis in a breast cancer animal model.
The language of music: Common neural codes for structured sequences in music and natural language
Authors: Chiang Jeffrey N. , Rosenberg Matthew H. , Bufford Carolyn A. , Stephens Daniel , Lysy Antonio , Monti Martin M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe ability to process structured sequences is a central feature of natural language but also characterizes many other domains of human cognition. In this fMRI study, we measured brain metabolic response in musicians as they generated structured and non-structured sequences in language and music. We employed a univariate and multivariate cross-classification approach to provide evidence that a common neural code underlies the production of structured sequences across the two domains. Crucially, the common substrate includes Broca’s area, a region well known for processing structured sequences in language. These findings have several implications. First, they directly support the hypothesis that language and music share syntactic integration mechanisms. Second, they show that Broca’s area is capable of operating supramodally across these two domains. Finally, these results dismiss the recent hypothesis that domain general processes or proximal neural substrates explain the previously observed “overlap” between neuroimaging activations across the two domains.
Control of Mast Cell Regulated Exocytosis by Munc13 Proteins
Authors: Rodarte Elsa M. , Ramos Marco A. , Davalos Alfredo J. , Moreira Daniel C. , Moreno David S. , Cardenas Eduardo I. , Rodarte Alejandro I. , Petrova Youlia , Molina Sofia , Rendon Luis E. , Sanchez Elizabeth , Breaux Keegan , Tortoriello Alejandro , Manllo John , Gonzalez Erika A. , Tuvim Michael J. , Dickey Burton F. , Burns Alan R. , Heidelberger Ruth , Adachi Roberto 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTMast cells (MCs) are involved in pathogen defense and inflammatory reactions. Upon stimulation, they release substances stored in their granules via regulated exocytosis. In other cell types, Munc13 proteins play essential roles in regulated exocytosis. We found that MCs express Munc13-2 and -4, and we studied their roles using global and conditional knockout (KO) mice. In a model of systemic anaphylaxis, we found no difference between WT and Munc13-2 KO mice, but global and MC-specific Munc13-4 KO mice developed less hypothermia. This protection correlated with lower plasma histamine levels and histological evidence of defective MC degranulation, and not with changes in MC development, distribution, numbers or morphology. In vitro assays revealed that the defective MC response in the absence of Munc13-4 was limited to regulated exocytosis, leaving other MC secretory effector responses intact. Single cell capacitance measurements in MCs from mouse mutants with different expression levels of Munc13-4 in their MCs showed that as levels of Munc13-4 decrease, the rate of exocytosis declines first, and the total amount of exocytosis follows. A requirement for Munc13-2 in MC exocytosis was revealed only in the absence of Munc13-4. Electrophysiology and electron microscopy studies showed that the number of multigranular compound events (granule-to-granule homotypic fusion) was severely reduced in the absence of Munc13-4. We conclude that while Munc13-2 plays a minor role, Munc13-4 is essential for regulated exocytosis in MCs, and that this MC effector response is required for a full IgE-mediated anaphylactic response.
Taguchi-based combined grey relational and principal component analyses for multi-response optimization of diesel engines
Authors: Muqeem Mohd , Sherwani Ahmad Faizan , Ahmad Mukhtar , Khan Zahid Akhtar 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Diesel engine can produce power more efficiently with lower exhaust emissions when operated at optimum input parameter settings. To achieve this goal, the purpose of this paper is to optimize the input parameters of diesel engine which will lead to optimum performance and exhaust emissions.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the goal of improving diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions, four input parameters were considered in the study. Five different levels of each input parameter were taken. Four response variables under no load, half load and full load conditions were recorded. Experiments were performed in random manner according to selected Taguchi L25 orthogonal array. The data were analyzed using grey relational analysis coupled with principal component analysis. Analysis of S/N ratio was performed to obtain the optimum combination of input parameters. The grey relational grade at optimum setting of the input parameters was obtained by regression analysis.

Findings
Results of the current research work give the optimum input parameter settings for no load, half load and full load conditions of diesel engine. Engine produces power more efficiently with low exhaust emissions when operated at these optimum settings.

Practical implications
In view of the compliance to the stringent air pollution norms of the nations and fast depleting fossil fuels, it is of the utmost importance to design and operate the engine in the optimum range of its input parameters so that it produces more power with low exhaust emissions. This paper aims at optimizing input parameters of diesel engine to improve performance and exhaust emissions. Results of the study presented in this paper are significantly useful for diesel engine-related researchers and professionals.

Originality/value
From the literature review, it appears that only few researchers have conducted studies pertaining to the optimization of the input parameters of diesel engine to improve performance or exhaust emissions. Although few studies related to the optimization of compression ratio, fuel injection timing, fuel injection pressure and air pressure have been reported, no work related to optimization of temperature and pressure of turbocharged air has been reported. Therefore, the main focus of the current research work is on optimizing the charge air temperature and pressure with respect to performance and exhaust emissions.
Study of a discrete grey forecasting model based on the quality cost characteristic curve
Authors: Dong Wenjie , Liu Sifeng , Fang Zhigeng , Yang Xiaoyu , Hu Qian , Tao Liangyan 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to clarify several commonly used quality cost models based on Juran’s characteristic curve. Through mathematical deduction, the lowest point of quality cost and the lowest level of quality level (often depicted by qualification rate) can be obtained. This paper also aims to introduce a new prediction model, namely discrete grey model (DGM), to forecast the changing trend of quality cost.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper comes to the conclusion by means of mathematical deduction. To make it more clear, the authors get the lowest quality level and the lowest quality cost by taking the derivative of the equation of quality cost and quality level. By introducing the weakening buffer operator, the authors can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of DGM.

Findings
This paper demonstrates that DGM can be used to forecast quality cost based on Juran’s cost characteristic curve, especially when the authors do not have much information or the sample capacity is rather small. When operated by practical weakening buffer operator, the randomness of time series can be obviously weakened and the prediction accuracy can be significantly improved.

Practical implications
This paper uses a real case from a literature to verify the validity of discrete grey forecasting model, getting the conclusion that there is a certain degree of feasibility and rationality of DGM to forecast the variation tendency of quality cost.

Originality/value
This paper perfects the theory of quality cost based on Juran’s characteristic curve and expands the scope of application of grey system theory.
Study on distance measuring and sorting method of general grey number
Authors: Jiang Shi-quan , Liu Si-feng , Fang Zhi-geng , Liu Zhong-xia 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study distance measuring and sorting method of general grey number.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the concept of generalised grey number based on grey system theory is given in this paper. Second, from the perspective of kernel and degree of greyness of general grey number, the method of measuring the distance of general grey number and its properties are given. At the same time, the concepts of the kernel expectation and the kernel variance of the general grey number are proposed.

Findings
Up to now, the method of measuring the distance and sorting of general grey number is established. Thus, the difficult problem for set up sorting of general grey number has been solved to a certain degree.

Research limitations/implications
The method exposed in this paper can be used to integrate information form a different source. Distance measuring and sorting method of general grey number could be extended to the case of grey algebraic equation, grey differential equation and grey matrix which includes general grey numbers, etc.

Originality/value
The concepts of the kernel expectation and the kernel variance of the general grey number are proposed for the first time in this paper; the novel sorting rules of general grey numbers were also constructed.
The multiple attribute decision model of grey targets based on grey potential degree
Authors: Ruan Aiqing , Wang Yinao 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Grey target decision making is one of the important problems of decision-making theory. It is critical to express uncertain information effectively and depose them in a reasonable and simple way. The purpose of this paper is to solve the grey target problem by the grey potential degree method without whiten value and without distribution function. Furthermore, this new approach has an advantage of realizing both comparing and standardization work during the process of treating the data.

Design/methodology/approach
First, this paper makes a brief overview of the existing method for grey target decision. Then, the conception of a grey potential degree system is introduced and the conception of standard grey potential degree is build up, and a new grey potential-based method based on the grey target multiple attribute decision method is proposed. At the same time, the standard grey potential and its application in multiple resource data are studied.

Findings
At the same time the standard grey potential and its application in multiple resource data are studied. Standard grey potential is presented by means of three examples together with the comparison with the existing method to demonstrate that the grey potential-based method could be used to solve the problem of grey target decision conveniently and effectively.

Originality/value
It is very important to compare grey numbers to obtain scientific and reasonable results for a grey target decision-making problem. However, in the actual application of grey numbers, it is difficult to find out the probability density function or the whiten function of grey numbers. When grey numbers are compared and deposed through the whiten value, much information regarding grey numbers will be lost and, at the same time, the value of grey numbers in uncertainty is partly lost. The method discussed in this paper is reasonable and feasible.
Why teachers and students stay home
Authors: Bristol Travis J. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the influences of teacher and student absenteeism across nine public schools (five primary and four secondary) in Guyana, South America.Design/methodology/approachTo conduct this study, the author employed a mixed-methods study that included a descriptive analysis of a purposive sample of teacher (n=69) and student (n=175) surveys and semi-structured interviews with head teachers (n=8), teachers (n=25), students (n=36), and parents (n=9).FindingsThe findings suggested that teacher absenteeism can be attributed to school organizational challenges, such as poor working conditions and weak administrative leadership. Student absenteeism appeared to be influenced primarily by out-of-school factors such as the need to work and to take care of younger siblings.Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s purposive sample may have prevented a more nuanced understanding of the various influences of teacher and student absenteeism.Originality/valueThe author provides new insight into some of the root influences of teacher and student absenteeism in Guyana, South America. As such, policymakers and practitioners in the Ministry of Education are positioned to devise evidence-based solutions.