bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-visiting the renewable energy–economic growth nexus
Authors: Alabi Oluwafisayo , Ackah Ishmael , Lartey Abraham 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the dynamic relationship between renewable energy and economic growth in African OPEC member countries (Angola, Algeria and Nigeria).

Design/methodology/approach
The fully modified ordinary least squares technique for heterogeneous cointegrated panels (Pedroni, 2000) is used to estimate the parameters of the model.

Findings
The study revealed four main findings. First, there is a bidirectional causality between renewable energy and economic growth in the long and the short run. Second, a bidirectional causality exists between non-renewable energy and economic growth in the short and long run. Third, a bidirectional causality exists between CO2 emissions and economic growth. Fourth, a unidirectional causality was also found between CO2 emissions and non-renewable energy consumption with the direction of causality stemming from the consumption of non-renewable energy to CO2 emissions.

Practical implications
Because renewable consumption enhances growth, OPEC-member Africa countries should encourage investment in modern renewable sources that has high conversion efficiency such as solar, wind and hydro to strengthen their response to mitigating the impacts of climate change.

Originality/value
This study applies multiple methods to analyze the relationship between renewable energy and economic growth in African OPEC countries.
Development of a nanodiamond-based lubricant for a versatile use in the beverage industry conveyor systems
Authors: Torres-Sanchez Carmen , Balodimos Nikolaos 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a nanodiamond-particle-loaded food-grade lubricating oil, a nanolubricant, that can be used over a broad range of loads in factories (low load applications like conveyor systems and high load applications like heavy machinery).

Design/methodology/approach
Tribological performance of the nanolubricant was studied at both load levels. A typical factory-sized conveyor belt used for beverage packaging (aluminium cans, glass and PET bottles) was employed for the low load range. Coefficients of friction and wear scars were measured and the lubricating performance was quantified. A four-ball tester was used to characterise the performance of the nanolubricant as per ASTM D2783/D4172. A comparison between the nanolubricant and baseline oils was carried out.

Findings
Results show an overall decrease in the coefficients of friction and wear scars for all packages at low pressures when the nanolubricant is used. They also show a better friction-reduction performance in the high load regimes. The results indicate that the nanolubricant is versatile in both ranges of loading.

Practical implications
The current protocols for lubrication in the food and drink factories involve the use of water-based detergents for the conveyor lines and industry-grade oils for the machinery. The use of a single and versatile lubricant for both ranges of loads may have a positive impact on the sustainability and environmental performance of the sector.

Originality/value
Beverage processing and packing factories need their mechanised conveyor systems suitably lubricated to avoid excessive friction between the containers and the load-bearing surface of the conveyors (e.g. belts or chains). Other areas of the conveying systems, such as motors, gears, rollers and bearings, also need suitable lubrication to prevent failure and lengthen their operating life. There is a myriad of lubricants and lubricating solutions for each of these areas independently, but there is no commercial lubricating fluid that could be used on both successfully.
Friction and wear behaviour of Fe-Cu-C based self lubricating material with CaF2as solid lubricant
Authors: Sharma Sanjay Mohan , Anand Ankush 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the effect of CaF2(calcium fluoride) addition as a solid lubricant on the friction and wear behaviour of sintered Fe-Cu-C materials under different loads.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the effects of CaF2added in varying weight percentages on the friction-wear properties of Fe-2Cu-0.8C alloys are investigated. Five Fe-2Cu-0.8C-based compositions comprising CaF2in 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 Wt.% were prepared using the single-stage compaction and sintering technique. Friction coefficient, wear loss, hardness and compressive strength of the specimens were measured. The worn-out surfaces were analysed using a scanning electron microscope. Friction and wear tests were carried out on pin-on-disc machine under dry sliding conditions at room temperature.FindingsThe alloy with 3 Wt.% CaF2was found to be useful in improving wear and friction properties, whereas higher contents of CaF2resulted in increased wear and friction. Apart from enhanced tribological properties, a slight decrease in the compressive strength was also observed in the 3-Wt.%-CaF2-added sample. Adhesion and abrasion were the prominent wear types observed during this study.Originality/valueA new self-lubricating composite is developed where CaF2is used as a solid lubricant in a Fe-Cu-C-based matrix. CaF2, being a high-temperature lubricant, is tried and tested for friction and wear at room temperature, and the results show that the addition of CaF2in Fe-Cu-C improved its friction and wear properties. Thus, the developed material can be used for antifriction applications.
Influence of surface roughness and ZDDP additive on the friction and wear of reciprocating sliding surfaces at high contact pressures
Authors: P.M. Anil , Rajamohan Vasudevan 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Surface roughness has been proved to be influencing the running-in wear of machined components under dry and lubricated sliding conditions. Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) is widely used as an anti-wear additive, which reduces the wear by the formation of a tribofilm on the surface (Spikes, 2004). Factors such as temperature, sliding distance, etc. influence the formation of the film. A significant reduction in the power loss due to friction and wear is possible if a synergy is attained between surface roughness effects and the effectiveness of the tribofilm. The present work aims to study the influence of surface roughness and ZDDP addition on the formation and removal of the tribofilm under high contact pressures.

Design/methodology/approach
Samples were prepared by machining. Surface roughness was varied by varying the milling parameters. A reciprocating friction and wear test machine with a ball-on-flat geometry was used for the study. Tests were performed with mineral base oil and base oil added with 1 per cent by weight ZDDP under different operating parameters. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were conducted to study the surface morphology of the tribofilm.

Findings
A quasi-steady-state analysis conducted showed that the wear rate was much lower when tested with base oil containing ZDDP after about 65 min. AFM analysis confirmed the presence of chemically reacted films on the surface. SEM analysis revealed agglomeration of crystal like glassy phosphates. However, high contact pressures at the interface caused the removal of the films resulting in variations in the coefficient of friction. A comparison of the wear rates among the samples of different roughness values tested at 100°C showed that the anti-wear performance of ZDDP was not effective due to high contact pressures.

Originality/value
The findings in this study regarding the tribofilm formation with ZDDP additive and its failure due to high contact pressures will be beneficial for further investigation on wear resistant boundary films developed under such extreme conditions.
The tribological performance of brucite lubricant at high temperature
Authors: Hu Xueping , Tang Pengfei , Wang Yanfei , Liu Jing 
Published: July 2017

PurposeWater-based graphite lubricants have good lubricity in the process of metal forming, especially for hot-rolling seamless pipe. Although the use of water as a working fluid system instead of conventional mineral oil has many advantages for the fuel consumption, post cleaning and a new type of lubricant, the graphite contaminated the machine and workers for its physical properties. From the global environmental protection viewpoint, it is urgent to develop a kind of benign material.Design/methodology/approachMagnesium hydroxide which has the average particle size of 10 μm was chosen as a base material without further modification and pretreatments. On the HT-1000 high-temperature tribometer, the influence of temperature and lubricant materials on the friction coefficient was studied. The tribological performance at 900°C provided evidence under high temperature for exploring a new lubricant material.FindingsTap water-based brucite lubricant will open a new chapter in the industrial lubrication, effectively avoiding many unfavorable factors caused by graphite lubrication, such as conductivity, pollution and energy loss. Meanwhile, it expanded the application of brucite as flame-retardant agent, catalyst, water treatment agent and so on.Originality/valueIt is a new and environmental lubricant to tap water-based brucite lubricant. And specially, the preparation process of lubricant is simple and economical.
Effects of structural parameters of oil groove on transmission characteristics of hydro-viscous clutch based on viscosity-temperature property of oil film
Authors: Xie Fangwei , Wu Diancheng , Tong Yaowen , Zhang Bing , Zhu Jie 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of structural parameters of oil groove (such as central angle number, depth and so on) on pressure, flow, load capacity and transmitted torque between friction pairs of hydro-viscous clutch.

Design/methodology/approach
According to the working process of friction pairs of hydro-viscous clutch, mathematical models of hydrodynamic load capacity and torque transmitted by the oil film were built based on viscosity-temperature property. Then analytical solutions of pressure, flow, load capacity and transmitted torque were obtained; effects of central angle of oil groove zone and friction contact zone, oil film thickness, number of oil grooves on pressure, flow, load capacity and torque were studied theoretically.

Findings
The research found that the central angle of oil groove zone, number of oil grooves and oil groove depth have similar effects on flow, which means that with the increase of central angle, number or depth of oil grooves, the flow also increases; pressure in friction contact zone and oil groove zone drops along radial direction, whereas its value in oil groove zone is higher. With the increase of the central angle of oil groove zone, pressure in friction contact zone and friction contact zone rises, and the load capacity increases, whereas the transmitted torque drops. Number of oil grooves has little effect on load capacity. When the oil film thickness increases, its flow increases accordingly, whereas the pressure, load capacity and transmitted torque drops. Meanwhile, the transmitted torque decreases with the increase of number of oil grooves, whereas the oil groove depth nearly has no effects on transmitted torque.

Originality/value
In this paper, mathematical models of hydrodynamic load capacity and torque transmitted by oil film were built based on viscosity-temperature property in the working process of hydro-viscous clutch, and their analytical solutions were obtained; effects of structural parameters of oil groove on transmission characteristics of hydro-viscous clutch based on viscosity-temperature property were revealed. The research results are of great value to the theory development of hydro-viscous drive technology, the design of high-power hydro-viscous clutch and relative control strategy.
Different strokes for different folks: scaling a blended model of teacher professional learning
Authors: Butler Deirdre , Leahy Margaret , Hallissy Michael , Brown Mark 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe an innovative model of teacher professional learning that has evolved over a decade (2006 to 2016).

Design/methodology/approach
Working in a range of different school contexts, in conjunction with an ongoing engagement with the research literature, has enabled the development over three phases of a robust yet flexible framework that meets teachers’ expressed needs. At the same time, the framework helps to shift teachers’ pedagogical orientations, as the learning design supports school-focused, job-embedded teacher professional learning, which challenges more traditional instructional environments by infusing digital technologies and other elements of twenty-first century skills into teaching and learning.

Findings
Building on the experiences of the first two phases, the paper reports the most recent phase which expands on the emergence of a fourth wave of online learning to design and develop a massive open online course (MOOC) that potentially enables the massive scaling up of access to this already validated model of teacher professional development. The importance of maintaining key elements, threshold concepts and signature pedagogies in the design of MOOCs for teacher professional learning are discussed, and the paper concludes with early lessons from this latest work in progress.

Originality/value
Challenges are identified relating to the design of the social supports within the MOOC structure to sustain the collaboration, dialogue and ongoing reflection observed across Phases 1 and 2 that are necessary for the changes in pedagogical orientation and classroom practices.
Preventing isolation in sheltered housing: challenges in an era of reduced support funding
Authors: Gray Anne M. 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to inform the policies of sheltered housing providers with regard to preventing isolation amongst residents and generating practical support between them, particularly in the current period of reduced funding for housing support.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports a postal survey of 120 residents across eight estates, focus groups on these and eight other estates and survey responses from 326 estate managers.FindingsChildless residents are especially vulnerable to lack of support, depending on friends or on paid care. Those estates with a rich array of organised social activities generated more support and friendships amongst neighbours than those with few activities. Managers perform an important service in generating and supporting social activities, but their role is diminishing and restricted by short hours on site. Residents’ groups need capacity-building support to organise more by themselves. Cross-generational contacts are particularly valuable but residents need help to access them outside of their own families.Research limitations/implicationsCertain forms of group activity which are the most valuable in terms of promoting mental stimulation and exercise are rarely organised by residents’ groups without staff support.Originality/valueHow to generate mutual aid between residents is an important objective for housing providers in a period of reduced funding for staff time and of severe constraints on social care budgets.
Protein supplements and adolescent athletes: A pilot study investigating the risk knowledge, motivations and prevalence of use
Authors: Whitehouse Gavin , Lawlis Tanya 
Published: July 2017

AimProtein‐based sports supplements are among the more common types of nutrition supplements consumed by athletes; however, there is currently limited data investigating the knowledge, motivations and occurrence of use among the adolescent population (13–18 years). This pilot study looks to obtain initial data regarding the use of protein supplements in this population.MethodsThis study investigates the understanding and occurrence of protein supplement use in 87 adolescent athletes based in an Australian capital city who compete in a variety of sports. Sources of information, regularity of use, purchasing habits, associated risk knowledge and supplement beliefs were examined using a self‐reported, written questionnaire.ResultsA total of 60% (n = 52) of athletes reported using protein supplements, with a positive relationship between age and use (P < 0.05); 48 participants (55%) perceived risks associated with protein supplement consumption, with the most common risk reported as ‘I don't know’ (22%). Coaches were found to initiate protein supplement use more than other figures in the athlete's life (50%) and were the primary source of information regarding supplements (58%). It was found that 19% of adolescent athletes obtained information about protein supplements from the Internet, and 17% of all consumers purchase their supplements online.ConclusionsThe evident lack of knowledge regarding protein supplements demonstrates a necessity for further education of athletes, coaches and families regarding the responsible purchasing and use of protein supplements in the current landscape of sports nutrition. Future research should further explore the role of the Internet in protein supplement purchase and education.
Extravasal albumin concentration modulates contractile responses of renal afferent arterioles
Authors: Gao X. , Liu Z. Z. , Mohammed H. , Braun D. , Zhuge Z. , Liu M. , Lai E. Y. , Jansson L. , Carlström M. , Patzak A. , Persson A. E. G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimAfferent arterioles (AA) hold a key position in the regulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Being the effector site of tubuloglomerular feedback, the afferent arteriole contributes to the renal handling of sodium and fluid. Dehydration goes along with increased renal interstitial protein concentration. Here, the hypothesis was tested that extravasal protein concentration directly modulates afferent arteriolar tone, a mechanism which may contribute to body fluid volume control.MethodThe effect of increased extravasal albumin concentration on the vascular reactivity was investigated in renal AA and interlobar arteries of mice, in rat renal AA and in pancreatic islet arterioles.ResultsAlbumin (2 and 4% in the bath solution) significantly potentiated the contractile response of renal afferent arterioles induced by angiotensin II and adenosine, as well as their combination, compared to the control situation (0.1% albumin). Albumin did not influence the contractility of larger renal vessels or pancreatic islet arterioles. Mimicking the increase in the osmolality induced by 4% albumin by applying mannitol to the bath solution also increased the response of renal arterioles to Ang II. However, the effect was smaller compared to that of albumin. The nitric oxide bioavailability, measured by DAF‐FM fluorescence, was reduced in afferent arterioles exposed to 4% albumin.ConclusionThe protein‐induced modulation of AA tone is mediated by the increased osmolality as well as by NO scavenging. The results suggest a possible contribution of these mechanisms to the control of extracellular fluid volume via adjustment of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate.
Reproductive phenology of Creole horses in Ecuador in the absence of photoperiod variation: The effects of forage availability and flooding affecting body condition of mares
Authors: Carranza Juan , Yoong Washington A. , Mateos Concha , Caño Vergara Belén , Gómez Chian L. , Macías Verónica 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHorse reproduction tends to be seasonal. The main adjusting factor in their original temperate ranges is photoperiod variation, although it is absent in equatorial areas where horses were introduced by European colonizers. Hence, dates of reproduction in these areas may be influenced by factors affecting mares’ conditions and the success of foaling. Here we study reproductive timing in Creole horses in Ecuador reared in an extensive production system. We found that foaling peaked in August. Mares’ conditions showed one peak in June‐July, before the start of the breeding season, and another in December, and it was highly variable along the year. Mares’ conditions increased after a period of vegetation growth and thus appeared negatively associated with the increment of grass greenness (normalized difference vegetation index data). Seasonal flooding of some pasturelands during March and April appeared to seriously impair mares’ conditions and probably influenced the timing of foaling toward the dry season. Our results evidenced that horse breeding in these equatorial areas tended to be seasonal and point to some key factors that influence phenology by affecting body condition of mares, which may have implications for horse biology and management.
Maxillary unicystic ameloblastoma in a 6‐week‐old filly evaluated with computed tomography
Authors: Smith HL , Rosenblatt AJ , Suen WW , Owen H , Ahern BJ 
Published: July 2017

Case reportA 6‐week‐old Thoroughbred filly was presented for evaluation of an expansile mass overlying the right nasal passage and causing respiratory stertor. On skull radiographs, there was a loculated, soft tissue‐opaque mass identified dorsal to the right upper premolars and effacing the right nasal cavity. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a locally extensive mass with relatively benign characteristics located centrally on the tooth root apices of the deciduous second premolar (506). The mass extended axially into the right nasal cavity, occluding the meatuses and causing displacement of the nasal septum to the left.Clinical outcome & significanceSurgical excision was not deemed feasible with an athletic future in mind and the owners elected to euthanase the filly. Histopathologically, the mass was consistent with unicystic ameloblastoma and was lined intermittently with palisading, columnar basal cells (ameloblast‐like cells) overlying a zone containing stellate cells in loose stroma. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first report of aCTscan of an equine ameloblastoma. Although histopathology was essential for definitive diagnosis,CTclearly defined the origin of the mass and identified its locally extensive, cystic nature, which enabled informed decisions to be made.
Neuroendodermal cyst in the fourth ventricle of a dog
Authors: Kent M , Glass EN , Miller AD , de Lahunta A 
Published: July 2017

Case reportWe describe the MRI appearance and surgical outcome of a rare neuroendodermal cyst in the fourth ventricle of a German Shorthaired Pointer. The dog presented with uncoordinated gait and occasional falling that increased when she became excited. The MRI appearance is shown and the surgical treatment described. Recurrence occurred on two occasions and the dog was euthanased.ConclusionRecurrence of these cysts is highly likely unless there is complete surgical resection.