bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Detection of PCV2 And PPV in Pigs in Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Lukač Bojan , Knežević Aleksandra , Milić Nenad , Krnjaić Dejan , Veljović Ljubiša , Milićević Vesna , Zorić Andrea , Đurić Spomenka , Stanojević Maja , Nišavić Jakov 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The presence of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine parvovirus was examined in forty clinical samples of spleen, lymph nodes and lungs originating from non-vaccinated swine by polymerase chain reaction. All animals were reared in extensive livestock farming systems in different geographical districts of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Porcine circovirus 2 DNA was detected in four lymph node and two spleen samples (15%), while porcine parvovirus DNA was identified in five lymph node samples (12.5%). The presence of both viruses was detected in three lymph node samples (7.5%). Partial nucleotide sequence of ORF1 gene of 2 porcine circovirus 2 and VP2 gene of 2 porcine parvovirus isolates was determined. The nucleotide sequences of two PCV2 isolates from RS-BIH included in phylogenetic typing are similar and cluster together with the strain Mantova isolated from domestic pigs in Italy, strains DE006-14 and DE222-13 isolated from pigs in Germany as well as with the strain Jvnan isolated from pigs in China. Also, analyzed PCV2 isolates were partially similar to the strain NIV-C SRB isolated from pigs in Serbia. The nucleotide sequences of two PPV isolates that were included in phylogenetic typing showed a high level of similarity with the strain Challenge isolated from pigs in UK, strain Kresse isolated from pigs in USA and strains 77 and LZ isolated from pigs in China.
Post-Mortem Estimation of Time of Death of Dogs Based on Measurements of Kidney Temperature in Comparison with Rectal Temperature
Authors: Listos Piotr , Gryzinska Magdalena , Piorkowski Jacek , Teresinski Grzegorz , Buszewicz Grzegorz , Chagowski Wojciech , Nozdrynplotnicki Zbigniew , Lopuszynski Wojciech 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The subject of the study were dogs divided into two groups according to body weight: up to 10 kg and from 10 kg to 30 kg. The aim of the study was to determine the dynamics of the post-mortem decrease in rectal and kidney temperature. The temperature was measured on both sites at the same time using a thermometer connected to a computer, under constant environmental conditions of the necropsy room. In these animals, a higher temperature in the kidneys persisted for the duration of the study. Comparative analysis between mean differences in kidney and rectal temperature in small and large dogs showed the greatest temperature amplitude in the group of small dogs, both for the kidney and the rectum. The greatest decrease in temperature, 1.2°C, was noted for the kidney in small dogs between 4 and 6 hours after death. Analysis of the dynamics of the decrease in kidney and rectal temperature for both weight groups combined, and the difference in temperature between the kidney and the rectum in the time intervals analysed showed that in the first two hours the difference between kidney and rectal temperature did not exceed 0.5°C. Two hours after death the difference in temperature between the two measurement sites was about 0.5°C after which time dropped below 0.5ºC.
The Influence of Mechanical, and Material Factors on the Biological Adaptation Processes of the Femoral Bone Implants
Authors: Jasik A. , Mroczek M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The study covers some aspects of the issue of determination of mutual connections between the mechanical and material factors, as well the biological implant adaptation processes. The main objective of the operation was adopted to develop models of cementless hip prosthesis company Fitmore Zimmer, taking into account the heterogeneity of material properties of bone tissue. These models were loaded in particular stages of the human gate and then they were used for the analysis of stress changes. The identification of the relations between the mechanical properties of osseous tissue required the conducting of computer simulations by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM).
Effect of Al2O3 Ceramic Particles on Corrosion Behaviour and Tribological Properties of Nickel Composite Coatings
Authors: Nowak M. , Najder A. , Opyrchał M. , Boczkal S. , Żelechowski J. , Bigaj M. , Gawlik M. 
Published: March 2016

The paper presents a study on corrosion behaviour and tribological properties of nickel composite coatings deposited by electrochemical method on aluminium alloy from 2xxx series (AlCu4MgSi). The nickel composite coatings were produced in a Watts bath of the following chemical composition: NiSO4·7H2O 150 g/l, NiCl2·6H2O 30 g/l, H3BO3 30 g/l with the addition of saccharin in an amount of 2 g/l. As hard ceramic dispersed particles embedded in the coating, alumina (Al2O3) was used in an amount of 12,5; 25; 50 and 75 g/l. Coatings were produced using cathodic current density of 6 A/dm2, bath temperature of 60°C, pH 4, and the time 60 minutes. The electroplating bath was stirred with a mechanical stirrer (350 rpm).
The results obtained were compared with a nickel coating deposited without the ceramic particles. It was found that the presence of Al2O3 increases the wear resistance of composite coatings, but does not significantly improve the corrosion properties.
Biharmonic Equations Under Dirichlet Boundary Conditions with Supercritical Growth
Authors: Ben Omrane Hanen , Ghedamsi Mouna , Khenissy Saïma 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We prove nonexistence and uniqueness results of solutions for biharmonic equations under the Dirichlet boundary conditions on a smooth bounded domain. We carry on the work in [10] where the Navier boundary conditions were considered, we define the h-starlikeness of Ω with respect to the Dirichlet boundary conditions and a classifying number

M
*

⁢

(
Ω
)

${M^{*}(\Omega)}$

. This allows us to give a generalized critical exponent for these domains which play the role of the classical critical exponent

N
+
4

N
-
4

${\frac{N+4}{N-4}}$

. Our approach is based on the Rellich–Pohozaev type identity [20, 23]. We study some examples of Dirichlet h-starlike domains with either rich topology or rich geometry where our results can apply.
Experimental Analysis of the Tensile Properties of Painting Canvas
Authors: Penava Željko , Penava Diana Šimić , Tkalec Marijana 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this paper, the practical application of uniaxial testing of painting canvas for determining its mechanical properties is presented. Painting canvases have a complex composite structure whose mechanical properties are considerably improved in relation with the initial basic material. Painting canvas or coated fabrics are obtained by applying a certain number of coatings to raw fabrics. Experimental testing and determining mechanical properties of painting canvas under tensile force at different angles in relation to the weft direction are discussed in the paper. The fabrics were tested before coating, as well as after one, two and three coatings. The values of tensile force in relation to relative extension of coated textiles were measured, as well as breaking force values, elongation at break, contraction at break, work to rupture. Based on the experimentally obtained values, modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio and the level of anisotropy of the coated textile materials were calculated. The experimental results demonstrate the applicability of theoretical formulae. The number of coated layers on the raw fabric exerts a significant impact on the Poisson’s ratio. The values of breaking force, elongation at break, work to rupture and modulus of elasticity increase with an increase in the number of coated layers, and at the same time coefficient of anisotropy decrease. It has been shown that by increasing the number of coated layers in a coated material, its anisotropic properties decrease, while isotropic properties increase. With an increase in the number of coatings, the differences between experimental and theoretical values of modulus of elasticity decrease.
Modelling the Effect of Weave Structure and Fabric Thread Density on Mechanical and Comfort Properties of Woven Fabrics
Authors: Maqsood Muhammad , Nawab Yasir , Shaker Khubab , Umair Muhammad , Ashraf Munir , Baitab Danish Mahmood , Hamdani Syed Talha Ali , Shahid Salma 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The paper investigates the effects of weave structure and fabric thread density on the comfort and mechanical properties of various test fabrics woven from polyester/cotton yarns. Three different weave structures, that is, 1/1 plain, 2/1 twill and 3/1 twill, and three different fabric densities were taken as input variables whereas air permeability, overall moisture management capacity, tensile strength and tear strength of fabrics were taken as response variables and a comparison is made of the effect of weave structure and fabric density on the response variables. The results of fabric samples were analysed in Minitab statistical software. The coefficients of determinations (R-sq values) of the regression equations show a good predictive ability of the developed statistical models. The findings of the study may be helpful in deciding appropriate manufacturing specifications of woven fabrics to attain specific comfort and mechanical properties.
Numerical Optimisation of Thickness of Composite Bonnet for Neonates
Authors: Korycki Ryszard , Krucińska Izabella 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Head is the most sensitive body part of neonate. Head that is considerably uncovered causes the significant heat and moisture loss from the skin to the surrounding areas. The main goal is to optimise the thickness of a multilayer composite textile bonnet to secure the optimal skin parameters. Problem is solved using both sensitivity analysis and material derivative concept. An arbitrary objective functional is introduced, its first-order sensitivity is formulated by means of a direct approach. Numerical application is the thickness optimisation of a composite bonnet made of different textile materials.
Relationship between the Physical Properties and Hand of Jean Fabric
Authors: Kawamura Atsushi , Zhu Chunhong , Peiffer Julie , Kim KyoungOk , Li Yi , Takatera Masayuki 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We investigated the distinctive characteristics of jean fabrics (denim fabrics obtained from jeans) and compared the physical properties and the hand. We used 13 kinds of jean fabric from commercial jeans and 26 other fabric types. The physical properties were measured using the Kawabata evaluation system, and the fabric hand was evaluated by 20 subjects using a semantic differential method. To characterise the hand of jean fabrics compared with other fabrics, we used principal component analysis and obtained three principal components. We found that jean fabrics were characterised by the second principal component, which was affected by feelings of thickness and weight. We further characterised the jean fabrics according to ‘softness & smoothness’ and ‘non-fullness’, depending on country of origin and type of manufacturer. The three principal components were analysed using multiple linear regression to characterise the components according to the physical properties. We explained the hand of fabrics including jean fabrics using its association with physical properties.
Chemical characterization of the bark ofEucalyptus urophyllahybrids in view of their valorization in biorefineries
Authors: Sartori Caroline , da Silva Mota Graciene , Ferreira Joana , Miranda Isabel , Mori Fábio Akira , Pereira Helena 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEucalyptus urophyllahybrids are important raw materials for the forest industry in Brazil, and large quantities of barks are available at mill site that may be used for added-value products. The chemical composition of barks of six commercial hybrids clones ofE. urophylla×E. grandis,E. urophylla×E. Camaldulensis, and undisclosedE. urophyllahybrids was studied. The hybrids had similar composition, on average (data based on oven dry bark): 16% extractives, mainly corresponding to polar compounds that are soluble in ethanol and water, 19% lignin, 47% polysaccharides, 1% suberin, and 2% ash. The polysaccharides consists mainly of cellulose as indicated by 84% of total neutral monosaccharides in the acid hydrolysate and 10% xylose. The compositions of the lipophilic extracts was determined by GC-MS before and after alkaline hydrolysis. In all the barks, fatty acids, and triterpenes (namely: betulinic and ursolic acids) were the most abundant compounds followed by smaller amounts of sterols, long-chain aliphatic alcohols, phenolic acids, and acylglycerols. The ethanol-water bark extract had a high phenolic content: total phenolics ranged 211–551 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g-1of extract, tannins 76–184 mg catechin equivalents (CE) g-1extract, and flavonoids 98–234 mg CE g-1of extract. The antioxidant activity corresponds to 338 mg Trolox g-1of extract. Development of high-value products is proposed through an integrated biorefinery approach including valorisation of extractives and targeting for cellulose-based applications.
Effect of Proeutectoid Ferrite Morphology on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled 60Si2MnA Spring Steel
Authors: Yang Hu , Wei-qing Chen , Huai-bin Han , Rui-juan Bai 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The hot rolled 60Si2MnA spring steel was transformed to obtain different proeutectoid ferrite morphologies by different cooling rates after finish rolling through dynamic thermal simulation test. The coexistence relationship between proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite, and the effect of proeutectoid ferrite morphology on mechanical properties were systematically investigated. Results showed that the reticular proeutectoid ferrite could be formed by the cooling rates of 0.5–2 °C/s; the small, dispersed and blocky proeutectoid ferrite could be formed by the increased cooling rates of 3–5 °C/s; and the bulk content of proeutectoid ferrite decreased. The pearlitic colony and interlamellar spacing also decreased, the reciprocal of them both followed a linear relationship with the reciprocal of proeutectoid ferrite bulk content. Besides, the tensile strength, percentage of area reduction, impact energy and microhardness increased, which all follow a Hall–Petch-type relationship with the inverse of square root of proeutectoid ferrite bulk content. The fracture morphologies of tensile and impact tests transformed from intergranular fracture to cleavage and dimple fracture, and the strength and plasticity of spring steel were both improved. The results have been explained on the basis of proeutectoid ferrite morphologies–microstructures–mechanical properties relationship effectively.
Relationships of Image Texture Properties with Chewing Activity and Mechanical Properties during Mastication of Bread
Authors: Mao Qian , Sun Yonghai , Hou Jumin , Yu Libo , Liu Yang , Liu Chao , Xu Na 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships of image texture properties with chewing behaviors, and mechanical properties during mastication of bread. Gray-level gradient co-occurrence matrix (GGCM) was used to process the images of boluses. The chewing behaviors were recorded by electromyography (EMG), and the mechanical properties were measured by texture analyzer. The results showed that among the texture features, the inverse difference moment (IDMGGCM) was selected as the main parameter to describe the decomposition of boluses. IDMGGCM was positively related to the weight gain (r = 0.865, p < 0.01), negatively correlated with hardness (r = –0.835, p <0.01) and EMG activity per cycle (r = –0.767, p < 0.01). GGCM is an effective texture analysis method that could correctly identify 70.1–80.8 % of food bolus images to the corresponding chewing cycles. This study provided a new clue for texture analysis of bread bolus images and offered data revealing the bolus property changes during the mastication of bread.
Joint Intentionality
Authors: Koreň Ladislav 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAccording to the shared intentionality hypothesis proposed by Michael Tomasello, two cognitive upgrades – joint and collective intentionality, respectively – make human thinking unique. Joint intentionality, in particular, is a mindset supposed to account for our early, species-specific capacity to participate in collaborative activities involving two (or a few) agents. In order to elucidate such activities and their proximate cognitive-motivational mechanism, Tomasello draws on philosophical accounts of shared intentionality. I argue that his deference to such cognitively demanding accounts of shared intentional activities is problematic if his theoretical ambition is in part to show that and how early (prelinguistic and precultural) capacities for joint action contribute to the development of higher cognitive capacities.
A History of Emerging Modes?
Authors: Schmitz Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this paper I first introduce Tomasello’s notion of thought and his account of its emergence and development through differentiation, arguing that it calls into question the theory bias of the philosophical tradition on thought as well as its frequent atomism. I then raise some worries that he may be overextending the concept of thought, arguing that we should recognize an area of intentionality intermediate between action and perception on the one hand and thought on the other. After that I argue that the co-operative nature of humans is reflected in the very structure of their intentionality and thought: in co-operative modes such as the mode of joint attention and action and the we-mode, they experience and represent others as co-subjects of joint relations to situations in the world rather than as mere objects. In conclusion, I briefly comment on what Tomasello refers to as one of two big open questions in the theory of collective intentionality, namely that of the irreducibility of jointness.
Précis of The Ant Trap
Authors: Epstein Brian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article summarizes The Ant Trap: Rebuilding the Foundations of the Social Sciences. The book develops a new model for social ontology, applies it to groups and collective intentionality, and criticizes various forms of individualism. Part One of the book presents two traditional approaches to social ontology and unifies them into the “grounding–anchoring model” for the building of the social world. Part Two shows that individualism is mistaken even for basic facts about groups of people, challenges prevailing views of group intention and action, and illustrates how to approach facts about groups in general.
Operation corrosion test of austenitic steel bends for supercritical coal boilers
Authors: Cizner J. , Hruška J. , Mlnařík J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Corrosion tests of both annealed and not annealed bends of HR3C and S304H steels in operation conditions of black and brown coal combustion boilers in EPRU and EDE. After a long-term exposure, the samples were assessed gravimetrically and metallographically. The comparison of annealed and unannealed states showed higher corrosion rates in the annealed state; corrosion of the sample surface did not essentially differ for compression and tensile parts of the beams. Detailed assessment of both steels is described in detail in this study.
Smooth Tracking Trajectory Generation of Large Antenna
Authors: Upnere S. , Jekabsons N. , Locans U. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The current paper presents an engineering approach for studies of the control algorithm designed for a mechanically robust large antenna. Feed-forward control methods with the 3rd-order polynomial tracking algorithm are supplemented to the original feed-back PID control system. Dynamical model of the existing servo system of 32m radio telescope has been developed to widen a case analysis of observation sessions and efficiency of the control algorithms due to limited access to an antenna. Algorithms along with the results from the system implemented on a real antenna as well as model results are presented.
The Issue of Calculating the Final Temperature of the Products of Rapid Exothermic Chemical Reactions with Significant Energy Release in a Closed Volume
Authors: Lazarev V. , Geidmanis D. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The theoretical problem solved in this article is the calculation of thermodynamic parameters such as final temperature, distribution of the liquid and dry saturated vapour phases of the substance that are considered to be in thermodynamic equilibrium, and pressure of the system of several reaction products after adding to the system a certain amount of heat or the thermal effect released during rapid exothermic reaction in a closed volume that occurs so fast that it can be considered to be adiabatic, and when the volume of liquid reagents is several orders of magnitude less than the volume of the reactor. The general multi-substance problem is reduced to a theoretical problem for one substance of calculation thermodynamic parameters of system after adding a certain amount of heat that gives theoretically rigorous isochoric calculation. In this article, we substantiate our view that isochoric pass of calculation is more robust compared to seemingly more natural isobaric pass of calculation, if the later involves quite not trivial calculation of the adiabatic compression of a two-phase system (liquid – dry saturated vapour) that can pass itself into another kind of state (liquid – wet saturated vapour), which requires, apparently, more complex descriptions compared with isochoric calculation because the specific heat capacity of wet saturated vapour can be negative.
The solved theoretical problem relates to a practical problem that has been a driver for our research as part of a design of the reactor of the titanium reduction from magnesium and titanium tetrachloride supplied into atmosphere of the reactor at high temperatures when both reagents are in gaseous state. The reaction is known to be exothermic with a high thermal effect, and estimate of the final temperature and pressure of the products of reaction, for instance, designing the reactor allows eliminating the possibility of the reaction products to penetrate backwards into supply tracts of the reagents. Using a rigid theoretical approach and heuristics of thermodynamic parameters of reaction products available in the literature, we have presented a graphical dependence of final temperature, pressure ratio of the liquid and vapour state of titanium after the reaction on the initial temperature of the reactor and magnesium in the range of 1200–1800 °K while titanium tetrachloride is injected into reactor at its critical temperature.
Crystal structure of diethyl-3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate, C19H18O4S2
Authors: Mabkhot Yahia N. , Barakat Assem , Al-Showiman Salim S. , Frey Wolfgang , Uzzaman Shams , Ghabbour Hazem A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
C19H17.75O4.13S2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.1921(6) Å, b = 18.6304(14) Å, c = 13.3739(11) Å, β = 92.681(4)°, V = 1790.0(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0478, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0913, T = 100 K.