bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Self‐Powered Ethanol Biosensor
Authors: Ruff Adrian , Pinyou Piyanut , Nolten Melinda , Conzuelo Felipe , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe describe the fabrication of a self‐powered ethanol biosensor comprising a β‐NAD+‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) bioanode and a bienzymatic alcohol oxidase (AOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) biocathode. β‐NAD+ is regenerated by means of a specifically designed phenothiazine dye (i. e. toluidine blue, TB) modified redox polymer in which TB was covalently anchored to a hexanoic acid tethered poly(4‐vinylpyridine) backbone. The redox polymer acts as an immobilization matrix for ADH. Using a carefully chosen anchoring strategy through the formation of amide bonds, the potential of the TB‐based mediator is shifted to more positive potentials, thus preventing undesired O2 reduction. To counterbalance the rather high potential of the TB‐modified polymer, and thus the bioanode, a high‐potential AOx/HRP‐based biocathode is suggested. HRP is immobilized in a direct‐electron‐transfer regime on screen‐printed graphite electrodes functionalized with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. The nanostructured cathode ensures the wiring of the iron‐oxo complex within oxidized HRP, and thus a high potential for the reduction of H2O2 of about +550 mV versus Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl. The proposed biofuel cell exhibits an open‐circuit voltage (OCV) of approximately 660 mV and was used as self‐powered device for the determination of the ethanol content in liquor.
A Recoverable Ruthenium Aqua Complex Supported on Silica Particles: An Efficient Epoxidation Catalyst
Authors: Ferrer Íngrid , Fontrodona Xavier , Roig Anna , Rodríguez Montserrat , Romero Isabel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe preparation and characterization of complexes with a phosphonated terpyridine (trpy) ligand (trpy‐P‐Et) and a bidentate pyridylpyrazole (pypz‐Me) ligand, with formula [RuII(trpy‐P‐Et)(pypz‐Me)X]n+ (2: X=Cl, n=1; 3: X=H2O, n=2), is described, together with the anchoring of 3 on two types of supports: mesoporous silica particles (SP) and silica‐coated magnetic particles (MSP). Aqua complex 3 is easily obtained by heating 2 in refluxing water and exhibits a two‐electron RuIV/II redox process. It was anchored on SP and MSP supports by two different synthetic strategies, yielding the heterogeneous systems SP@3 and MSP@3, which were fully characterized by IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, SEM, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry. Catalytic olefin epoxidation was tested with molecular complex 3 and its SP@3 and MSP@3 heterogeneous counterparts, including reuse of the heterogeneous systems. The MSP@3 material can be easily recovered by a magnet, which facilitates its reusability.
Rationally Designed Blue Triplet Emitting Gold(III) Complexes Based on a Phenylpyridine‐Derived Framework
Authors: Bachmann Michael , Terreni Jasmin , Blacque Olivier , Venkatesan Koushik 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA series of blue‐emitting phosphorescent mono‐cyclometalated AuIII complexes have been successfully synthesized. Tailoring the substitutions on the phenylpyridine (ppy) ligand scaffold with electron‐withdrawing fluorine groups on the phenyl ring to achieve stabilization of the HOMO and an electron‐donating dimethylamino group on the pyridine ring to destabilize the LUMO resulted in a large energy gap and bestowed on the gold(III) complexes high‐energy emission and high quantum efficiencies. The results of cyclic voltammetry studies suggested a predominantly redox event localized on the cyclometalated ligand. Thermogravimetric analysis of selected complexes revealed a high stability up to 280 °C, thus the complexes are suitable for device fabrication through vacuum‐deposition. Photophysical investigations performed on all the derivatives revealed phosphorescence emission in neat solid, solution, doped in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films at room temperature as well as in rigidified glass media (2‐MeTHF) at 77 K. A high photoluminescent quantum efficiency of 28 % was obtained for a complex in PMMA, the highest quantum yield reported for a blue‐emitting gold(III) complex.
Ultrastructural analysis of parvalbumin synapses in human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Glausier Jill R. , Roberts Rosalinda C. , Lewis David A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCoordinated activity of neural circuitry in the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) supports a range of cognitive functions. Altered DLPFC activation is implicated in a number of human psychiatric and neurological illnesses. Proper DLPFC activity is, in part, maintained by two populations of neurons containing the calcium‐binding protein parvalbumin (PV): local inhibitory interneurons that form Type II synapses, and long‐range glutamatergic inputs from the thalamus that form Type I synapses. Understanding the contributions of each PV neuronal population to human DLPFC function requires a detailed examination of their anatomical properties. Consequently, we performed an electron microscopic analysis of (1) the distribution of PV immunoreactivity within the neuropil, (2) the properties of dendritic shafts of PV‐IR interneurons, (3) Type II PV‐IR synapses from PV interneurons, and (4) Type I PV‐IR synapses from long‐range projections, within the superficial and middle laminar zones of the human DLPFC. In both laminar zones, Type II PV‐IR synapses from interneurons comprised ∼60% of all PV‐IR synapses, and Type I PV‐IR synapses from putative thalamocortical terminals comprised the remaining ∼40% of PV‐IR synapses. Thus, the present study suggests that innervation from PV‐containing thalamic nuclei extends across superficial and middle layers of the human DLPFC. These findings contrast with previous ultrastructural studies in monkey DLPFC where Type I PV‐IR synapses were not identified in the superficial laminar zone. The presumptive added modulation of DLPFC circuitry by the thalamus in human may contribute to species‐specific, higher‐order functions.
A New CuO‐Fe2O3‐Mesocarbon Microbeads Conversion Anode in a High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery with a Li1.35Ni0.48Fe0.1Mn1.72O4 Spinel Cathode
Authors: Di Lecce Daniele , Verrelli Roberta , Campanella Daniele , Marangon Vittorio , Hassoun Jusef 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA ternary CuO‐Fe2O3‐mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) conversion anode was characterized and combined with a high‐voltage Li1.35Ni0.48Fe0.1Mn1.72O4 spinel cathode in a lithium‐ion battery of relevant performance in terms of cycling stability and rate capability. The CuO‐Fe2O3‐MCMB composite was prepared by using high‐energy milling, a low‐cost pathway that leads to a crystalline structure and homogeneous submicrometrical morphology as revealed by XRD and electron microscopy. The anode reversibly exchanges lithium ions through the conversion reactions of CuO and Fe2O3 and by insertion into the MCMB carbon. Electrochemical tests, including impedance spectroscopy, revealed a conductive electrode/electrolyte interface that enabled the anode to achieve a reversible capacity value higher than 500 mAh g−1 when cycled at a current of 120 mA g−1. The remarkable stability of the CuO‐Fe2O3‐MCMB electrode and the suitable characteristics in terms of delivered capacity and voltage‐profile retention allowed its use in an efficient full lithium‐ion cell with a high‐voltage Li1.35Ni0.48Fe0.1Mn1.72O4 cathode. The cell had a working voltage of 3.6 V and delivered a capacity of 110 mAh gcathode−1 with a Coulombic efficiency above 99 % after 100 cycles at 148 mA gcathode−1. This relevant performances, rarely achieved by lithium‐ion systems that use the conversion reaction, are the result of an excellent cell balance in terms of negative‐to‐positive ratio, favored by the anode composition and electrochemical features.
Evaluating the impacts of hydrologic and geomorphic alterations on floodplain connectivity
Authors: Stone Mark C. , Byrne Colin F. , Morrison Ryan R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe dynamic interaction between a river and its floodplain is important for a variety of hydrologic, ecological, and geomorphic processes. However, water management activities have widely disrupted the natural flow regime and in many cases reduced floodplain connectivity. Recent environmental flow research has called for techniques that incorporate hydrogeomorphic processes, which are important for ecological and riverscape health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of hydrologic alterations on floodplain dynamics and connectivity. Changes in floodplain inundation dynamics and interface dynamics were investigated for 2 hydrologic scenarios on 2 distinct rivers—the Gila River and the Rio Grande, both in New Mexico, USA. The objective was achieved using a combination of 2‐D hydrodynamic models and analysis techniques to evaluate large spatial and temporal datasets. The results improved understanding of inundation patterns and water flux between the channel and floodplain under baseline and altered hydrologic scenarios. Due to the distinct qualities of the study sites, unique insights were gleaned. In the Gila River, discernible changes in floodplain dynamics were observed in spite of the relatively minor alterations from the baseline hydrologic conditions. In contrast, the Rio Grande results revealed the importance of not only hydrologic alterations but also channel incision on reduced floodplain connectivity. The proposed techniques can be adapted to a wide range of river systems depending on the nature of hydrologic or geomorphic alterations under consideration. As a result, the degree of alteration of floodplain connectivity can be better understood, leading to improved river management.
The moral contents of anti‐atheist prejudice (and why atheists should care about it)
Authors: Simpson Ain , Rios Kimberly 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAnti‐atheist prejudice is pervasive worldwide. Past research indicates that this is driven by perceptions of atheist immorality, yet such perceptions have not been explored in detail. Using Moral Foundations Theory and samples of U.S. Christians, we investigated whether anti‐atheist prejudice is explained by atheists' perceived adherence to certain foundational moral values more than others. Study 1 participants completed measures of moral value endorsements from the perspective of a typical atheist. Study 2 participants read that either atheists or people in general strongly endorse one of five moral foundations. Anti‐atheist prejudice was consistently explained best by perceived atheist concern for values of caring/compassion rather than fairness/justice, loyalty, deferential respect, or purity/decency. Findings suggest that efforts to reduce anti‐atheist prejudice should emphasize atheists' capacity for kindness and caring.
Sidechain Engineering in Cell‐Penetrating Poly(disulfide)s
Authors: Morelli Paola , Matile Stefan 
Published: January 2017

Cell‐penetrating poly(disulfide)s (CPDs) have been introduced recently to explore new ways to enter into cells. In this report, we disclose a general method to covalently modify the sidechains of CPDs. Compatibility of copper‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) with the addition of either strained cyclic disulfides of varied ring tension or increasing numbers of guanidinium and phosphonium cations is demonstrated. Reloading CPDs with disulfide ring tension results in an at least 20‐fold increase in activity with preserved sensitivity toward inhibition with the Ellman's reagent. The cumulation of permanent positive charges by sidechain engineering affords Ellman‐insensitive CPDs with similarly increased activity. Co‐localization experiments indicate that the CPDs reach endosomes, cytosol and nucleus, depending on their nature and their concentration. Supported by pertinent controls, these trends confirm that CPDs operate with combination of counterion‐ and thiol‐mediated uptake, and that the balance between the two can be rationally controlled. For the most active CPDs, uptake can be observed at substrate (fluorophore) concentrations as low as 5 nm.
Spatio‐temporal patterns of major ions in urban stormwater under cold climate
Authors: Taka Maija , Kokkonen Teemu , Kuoppamäki Kirsi , Niemi Tero , Sillanpää Nora , Valtanen Marjo , Warsta Lassi , Setälä Heikki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMultiple natural and anthropogenic factors affect urban water chemistry. However, little is known about the abundance or temporal variation of major ions in urban runoff. This study explores the spatio‐temporal variation of major dissolved ions (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, NO3, and SO4) and total dissolved solids (TDS) in cold climate urban stormwater. Three watersheds with varying degrees of urban land use intensity and imperviousness (from 36% to 66%) in Helsinki, Finland, were continuously monitored for 5 years using an automated sampling procedure to obtain stormwater discharge and ion concentrations and, thus, loadings. High‐resolution datasets, including long‐term continuous discharge, both measured and simulated (using Storm Water Management Model), and automatic water quality sampling enabled the accurate calculation of loads of ions and TDS. Water quality was related to explanatory watershed characteristics (e.g., watershed physiography and sampling time) using hierarchical clustering, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, and hierarchical partitioning methods. Urban land use contributed to increased ion concentrations and loads year‐round. This study highlights how stormwater ion concentrations are elevated across seasons, indicating chronic pollution phenomena. The greatest loads occurred during summer (except for Na and Cl), while the highest variation in loads was observed in autumn. Significant clusters among ions were found in the hierarchical cluster analysis, suggesting similar temporal patterns and sources for the ions in each cluster. The importance of land use was evident, though in the most urbanized watershed, concentrations were not linked to any of the investigated watershed characteristics. Based on our results, only Na and Cl are manageable by alternative winter road antiskid practices, whereas other ions resulted from diffuse pollution sources, being therefore more difficult to control. Finally, this study contributes to an increased understanding of the temporal and spatial patterns of ions in stormwater and highlights the need for consistent time series data for ion monitoring under cold climatic conditions in order to enable reliable estimates of their loads to adjacent water bodies. Finally, year‐round stormwater treatment is highly recommended.
The Privilege of Looking at the Molecular Details of Biochemical Reactions
Authors: Gutman Menachem , Nachliel Esther 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe introducing the Laser‐Induced‐Proton‐Pulse (1979) allowed to monitor, at real time, the response of multi equilibria systems to pulse protonation. The reaction was initiated by the excitation of “photo acid” that releases a proton in the sub‐ns time‐scale, offsetting all acid base equilibria. This method was used to study the interaction of the protons with water, dyes, membranes, and proteins. The complexity of the systems increased from the most basic properties of dynamics up to mapping the structure of proton collecting antenna on protein surfaces, monitoring the chemical activity of water inside proteins, studying the electro‐neutral mechanism of proton ion exchange across bio‐membranes and charting the trajectories of ions inside ionic channels. The analysis of these systems led to deeper understanding of the physical chemical properties of micro‐environments like active sites and ionic channels, as well as a tool for advanced kinetic analysis of multi‐equilibria systems.
Intrapartum fetal head circumference and estimated fetal weight as predictors of operative delivery
Authors: Rabei Noha H. , El‐Helaly Amr M. , Farag Amr H. , El‐Naggar Ahmed K. , Etman Mohamed K. , El‐Moteily Moataz M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess intrapartum sonographic measurements of fetal head circumference (HC) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) to predict operative delivery.MethodsIn a prospective study, 200 spontaneously parturient primiparous women aged 20–30 years were enrolled at a teaching hospital in Cairo, Egypt, between October 2, 2015, and January 28, 2016. HC and EFW were measured by transabdominal ultrasonography. After delivery, the association between type of delivery and ultrasonography findings was assessed.ResultsIntrapartum HC and EFW were significantly higher among women with operative delivery (n=76) than among those with normal vaginal delivery (n=124; P<0.001 for both). Intrapartum HC of 36.8 cm or more was associated with an increased risk of operative delivery (relative risk [RR] 2.87, 95% CI 1.87–4.41), as was EFW of 3920 g or more (RR 3.69, 95% CI 2.13–6.40). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.807 and 0.748 for HC and EFW, respectively (P<0.001 for both). At 36.8‐cm cutoff, HC had 44.7% sensitivity, 91.9% specificity, 77.3% positive predictive value (PPV), and 73.1% negative predictive value (NPV). At 3920‐g cutoff, EFW had 68.4% sensitivity, 82.3% specificity, 70.3% PPV, and 81.0% NPV. Intrapartum HC and EFW were directly correlated with second‐stage duration (P=0.005 and 0.002, respectively).ConclusionIntrapartum HC and EFW seem to be good predictors of operative delivery.
The Effect of Intra‐Amniotic Injection of Hypertonic Urea on Human Placental Lactogen (HPL) Secretion
Authors: Segal S. , Ben‐David M. , Anteby S. O. , Polishuk W. Z. 
Published: January 2017

Segal, S., Ben‐David, M., Anteby, S. O. and Polishuk, W. Z. (Depts. of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pharmacology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel). The effect of intra‐amniotic injection of hypertonic urea on human placental lactogen (HPL) secretion.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 13: 193–196, 1975.Serum human placental lactogen (HPL) levels were studied in 27 women with normal pregnancies in their second trimester in whom abortion was induced by intra‐amniotic (IA) hypertonic urea. The levels of HPL remained stable during the procedure and up to the delivery of the placenta. The condition of the fetus (dead or alive) or the injection‐abortion interval did not affect HPL levels. It is thus concluded that HPL secretion is not impaired by the hypertonic urea, that it plays no role in initiation of uterine contractions, and whatever damage induced by the hypertonic urea solution does not affect HPL activity.
Control of DIC in the Dead Fetus Syndrome Prior to Uterine Evacuation
Authors: Granat Menachem , Ghitis Jacob , Elrad Haim , Sharf Mordechai 
Published: January 2017

Granat, M., Ghitis, J., Elrad, H. and Sharf, M. (Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Hematology Unit, Rothschild University Hospital, Aba Khoushy School of Medicine, Haifa, Israel). Control of DIC in the dead fetus syndrome prior to uterine evacuation.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 13:233–235, 1975.A patient with prolonged retention of a dead fetus showed laboratory findings consistent with dis‐seminated intravascular coagulation. There was no bleeding tendency in spite of very low fibrinogen levels and the platelet counts were not below the lower normal limit. Heparin administration resulted in improvement of the impaired clotting mechanism, and only then was oxytocin drip initiated. Vaginal bleeding during and after curettage was minimal. Diagnosis of the coagulopathy and monitoring of treatment are described, stressing their accomplishment by means of procedures available to an average clinical laboratory. Control of the DIC process by heparin in spite of the retained dead fetus is demonstrated, and therapeutic conclusions are drawn.
Studies on Maternal Mortality in Mexico
Authors: Karchmer Samuel , Armas‐Domínguez Juan , Chávez‐Azuela José , Shor‐Pinsker Velvl , MacGregor Carlos 
Published: January 2017

Karchmer, S., Armas‐Domínguez, J., Chávez‐Azuela, J., Shor‐Pinsker, V. and MacGregor, C. (Research Department Hospital de Gineco‐Obstetricia No. 1, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico). Studies on maternal mortality in Mexico.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 449–454, 1976.The sociocultural, psychological, and medical effects of maternal death are described and analyzed for the purpose of appraising the value of the given death as a measure of the quality of medical care. The work of the Maternal Mortality Committee of the Hospital de Gineco‐Obstetricia No. 1 of the Mexican Social Security Institute over its three years of operation and some results on responsibility for death and its possible predictability are presented. The results show that it is necessary to broaden the Committee's functions in a social, professional, and institutional context so that the indicated factors may be objectively assessed and also that the Committee be transformed into a dynamic organism that will contribute to solving the problem. Recommendations for the operation of the Maternal Mortality Committees are given.
Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin in Normal Pregnancy in an Asian Population
Authors: Chew P. C. T. , Salmon J. A. , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: January 2017

Chew, P. C. T., Salmon, J. A. and Ratnam, S. S. (Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Singapore, Kandang Kerbau Hospital, Singapore 8). Human chorionic somatomammotropin in normal pregnancy in an Asian population.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 522–524, 1976Serial Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (HCS) levels were measured during the last 10 weeks of pregnancy in 57 patients (375 samples). There was a gradual rise from 5.6 μg/ml at the 30th week to 6.5 μgl ml at the 40th week, with a plateau during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy. No correlation could be found of HCS levels with parity, maternal age, maternal height, maternal weight, foetal weight and foetal sex. A weak but significant relationship was found between HCS and plasma oestriol (r=2.4, p<0.001).In recent years, much attention has been directed towards the determination of the Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (HCS) level as an index of placental function. The levels in Caucasian populations have been investigated by many authors (1, 8, 9, 11, 15), but in Asian women, no equivalent information has been available. The present study was therefore undertaken to measure HCS levels during the last trimester of normal pregnancy in Singapore women.
Acute Carcinomatous Myopathy Associated with Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Magyar Eva , Talerman A. 
Published: January 2017

Magyar, Eva and Talerman, A. (Dept. of Pathology, Rotterdamsch Radio‐Therapeutisch Instituut, Rotterdam, Holland). Acute carcinomatous myopathy associated with ovarian carcinoma.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 533–536, 1976.A case of acute, fatal, rapidly progressive pure myopathy associated with ovarian carcinoma is described. The first symptoms of carcinomatous myopathy occurred 8 months after surgical treatment and combined chemotherapy. The patient died 2 months after onset of myopathy. The clinical and pathologic findings of the myopathy are discussed.
A Comparison of Chemical and Densitometric Determination of Lecithin/Sphingomyelin Ratios on Thin‐layer Chromatograms
Authors: Ekelund Laila , Enhörning Göran 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe value of amniotic fluid lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio (L/S ratio), determined by phosphorus quantitation, was compared with that obtained by densitometry. A good correlation was found, but the densitometry values were 25–30% lower. Acetone precipitation was included in the densitometry analysis, but not in the assay based on phosphorus quantitation. Since all the sphingomyelin was precipitated, but only a portion of the lecithin, the precipitation procedure could explain the lower densitometry values. It was concluded that the faster densitometry technique was acceptable, but should not include acetone precipitation. If it does, the value will be approximately 25–30% lower.