bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundary layer control by a fish: Unsteady laminar boundary layers of rainbow trout swimming in turbulent flows
Authors: Yanase Kazutaka , Saarenrinne Pentti 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
The boundary layers of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss [0.231±0.016 m total body length (L) (mean±s.d.); N=6], swimming at 1.6±0.09 L s−1 (N=6) in an experimental flow channel (Reynolds number, Re=4×105) with medium turbulence (5.6% intensity) were examined using the particle image velocimetry technique. The tangential flow velocity distributions in the pectoral and pelvic surface regions (arc length from the rostrum, lx=71±8 mm, N=3, and lx=110±13 mm, N=4, respectively) were approximated by a laminar boundary layer model, the Falkner−Skan equation. The flow regime over the pectoral and pelvic surfaces was regarded as a laminar flow, which could create less skin-friction drag than would be the case with turbulent flow. Flow separation was postponed until vortex shedding occurred over the posterior surface (lx=163±22 mm, N=3). The ratio of the body-wave velocity to the swimming speed was in the order of 1.2. This was consistent with the condition of the boundary layer laminarization that had been confirmed earlier using a mechanical model. These findings suggest an energy-efficient swimming strategy for rainbow trout in a turbulent environment.
Relationship between the grades of a learned aversive-feeding response and the dopamine contents inLymnaea
Authors: Aonuma Hitoshi , Kaneda Mugiho , Hatakeyama Dai , Watanabe Takayuki , Lukowiak Ken , Ito Etsuro 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe pond snail Lymnaea learns conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and remembers not to respond to food substances that initially cause a feeding response. The possible relationship between how well snails learn to follow taste-aversion training and brain dopamine contents is not known. We examined this relationship and found the following: first, snails in the act of eating just before the commencement of CTA training were poor learners and had the highest dopamine contents in the brain; second, snails which had an ad libitum access to food, but were not eating just before training, were average learners and had lower dopamine contents; third, snails food-deprived for one day before training were the best learners and had significantly lower contents of dopamine compared to the previous two cohorts. There was a negative correlation between the CTA grades and the brain dopamine contents in these three cohorts. Fourth, snails food-deprived for five days before training were poor learners and had higher dopamine contents. Thus, severe hunger increased the dopamine content in the brain. Because dopamine functions as a reward transmitter, CTA in the severely deprived snails (i.e. the fourth cohort) was thought to be mitigated by a high dopamine content.
Using sounds for making decisions: greater tube-nosed bats prefer antagonistic calls over non-communicative sounds when feeding
Authors: Jiang Tinglei , Long Zhenyu , Ran Xin , Zhao Xue , Xu Fei , Qiu Fuyuan , Kanwal Jagmeet S. , Feng Jiang 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Bats vocalize extensively within different social contexts. The type and extent of information conveyed via their vocalizations and their perceptual significance, however, remains controversial and difficult to assess. Greater tube-nosed bats, Murina leucogaster, emit calls consisting of long rectangular broadband noise burst (rBNBl) syllables during aggression between males. To experimentally test the behavioral impact of these sounds for feeding, we deployed an approach and place-preference paradigm. Two food trays were placed on opposite sides and within different acoustic microenvironments, created by sound playback, within a specially constructed tent. Specifically, we tested whether the presence of rBNBl sounds at a food source effectively deters the approach of male bats in comparison to echolocation sounds and white noise. In each case, contrary to our expectation, males preferred to feed at a location where rBNBl sounds were present. We propose that the species-specific rBNBl provides contextual information, not present within non-communicative sounds, to facilitate approach towards a food source.
Ulcer area reduction at 2 weeks predicts failure to heal by 24 weeks in the venous leg ulcers of patients living alone
Authors: Parker C.N. , Finlayson K.J. , Edwards H.E. 
Published: November 2016

Objective: Chronic wounds are costly and affect approximately 1–2% of the population. Venous disease is responsible for about 60% of all chronic leg ulcers and these ulcers can be debilitating, with evidence of a decreased quality of life. Unfortunately, up to 30% of venous leg ulcers (VLUs) fail to heal, despite best practice treatment. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with delayed healing in participants with VLUs and in particular, whether psychosocial factors play a part in this process. Method: A secondary analysis was conducted of a large data set of clinical, wound healing, health, social, economic and psychological data collected in previous prospective studies of participants with VLUs. Generalised linear mixed modelling was used to identify independent predictors of failure to heal after 24 weeks. Results: We recruited 247 participants with 318 VLUs from hospital and community settings. Findings revealed that four early predictors were independently significantly associated with failure to heal by 24 weeks. These were: participants who lived alone (OR 2.3, 95%CI [1.13–4.61], p=0.03); had less than 25% reduction in ulcer area within two weeks of treatment (OR 10.07, 95%CI [4.60–22.19], p<0.001); had higher ulcer severity scores (OR 5.1, 95%CI [2.33–11.88], p=0.001); and participants who were not treated with high level compression therapy (i.e.>30 mmHg) at the time of assessment (OR 4.18, 95% CI [1.95–8.97], p=0.002). Conclusion: Identified risk factors offer an opportunity for clinicians to determine realistic outcomes for their patients and to guide decisions on early referral and implementation of tailored adjunctive interventions. Additionally, findings from this study suggest health professionals need to assess and address not only clinical risk factors but also social risk factors, when planning interventions to promote healing.
The examınatıon of gender effect on luxury value perceptıon: Istanbul cıty example<p>Cinsiyetin lüks değer algısı üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi: İstanbul ili örneği
Authors: Sütütemiz Nihal , Kurnaz Aysel 
Published: November 2016

In this research it was aimed to determine consumers’ perception towards luxury value by gender factor and to reveal if gender has an influence on these perceptions. In this context, İstanbul city, which represents Turkish consumers in a general way, was chosen as the universe of this research and 1100 people who are above 18 years of age were chosen as the sample by using gender filter. Data was gathered from the sample with survey method and exploratory factor analysis was implemented on the data. After the literature review it was seen that there are four main dimensions that constitue luxury perception which are financial, functional, personal and social. Findings of this study are in accordance with the existing literature. Moreover, relative importance of the dimensions differ based on gender in financial and functional dimensions. It was found that social value is relatively the most important dimension for female participants’ luxury value perception where personal value is the most important dimension for male participants. ÖzetBu çalışmada, tüketicilerin lüks değere yönelik algıları cinsiyet unsuru açısından belirlenmeye çalışılarak, cinsiyetin bu algılara etkisinin olup olmadığı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, özellikle lüks tüketim açısından Türk tüketicisini genel olarak temsil eden İstanbul ili ana kütle olarak belirlenmiş ve cinsiyet kotası kullanılarak 18 yaş ve üzeri 1100 kişi örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Söz konusu örneklemden veriler, anket yöntemiyle elde edilmiş ve verilere keşfedici (exploratory) faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Yazında lüks algısının oluşmasında finansal, fonksiyonel, kişisel ve sosyal olmak üzere dört temel değer boyutu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları da yazındaki bulgulara benzerlik göstermekle birlikte, boyutların görece önemi ilk iki boyut itibariyle cinsiyet açısından farklılık göstermiştir. Kadın tüketicilerin lüks değer algısında sosyal değer görece en önemli iken, erkek tüketiciler için ise kişisel değer en önemli boyut olarak bulunmuştur.
The effectiveness of foot reflexology and behavior treatment in patient with overactive bladder syndrome: A case report
Authors: Aydın Yasemin 
Published: November 2016

This study was conducted in order to determine the foot reflexology and activity of behavior therapy in the patients who have overactive bladder syndrome.In the study, behavior therapy (Bladder Training + Diet Modifications) and foot reflexology were applied together. Foot reflexology treatment was performed for 12 sessions and each session took 45 to 60 minutes to complete. For data collection, a descriptive information form, The Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7), Urinary Diaries and The 24 Hour Pad Test were administered. Assessments were done in two steps (prior to treatment and 3 months after treatment).The primary outcome measure was the change in the diurnal micturition frequency. It was found that urgency and urgency incontinence episodes were significantly lower after treatment. According to study findings, foot reflexology, which was added to behavior therapy (Bladder Training + Diet Modifications), reduced most of urinary symptoms and affected quality of life positively in women with overactive bladder complaints.
Material Test on Strain Fracture and Crack Opening Displacement Based on Digital Image Correlation Method
Authors: Bian J. , Ge Zx. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
As a machining technology, welding can cause serious accidents by overloading or operation mistakes. Through analyzing the causes of various welding accidents, we found that the major cause for damage imposed after welding parts are loaded is the fracture of materials. Therefore, studying the influence of welding residual stress on the fracture property of materials is of great significance. This paper applied the digital image correlation technique to study the fracture property of welding parts under the influence of welding residual stress. In addition, standard parts and welding parts were selected to carry out a contrast experiment. Room temperature tensile tests were performed on both standard parts and test pieces after residual stress measurement. Using displacement field and strain field data obtained through VIC-2D software, the stress intensity factor around the crack tip of each specimen under the conditions of small load was calculated and corresponding analysis was carried out.
Numerical Analysis of Diaphragm Wall Model Executed in Poznań Clay Formation Applying Selected Fem Codes
Authors: Superczyńska M. , Józefiak K. , Zbiciak A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The paper presents results of numerical calculations of a diaphragm wall model executed in Poznań clay formation. Two selected FEM codes were applied, Plaxis and Abaqus. Geological description of Poznań clay formation in Poland as well as geotechnical conditions on construction site in Warsaw city area were presented. The constitutive models of clay implemented both in Plaxis and Abaqus were discussed. The parameters of the Poznań clay constitutive models were assumed based on authors’ experimental tests. The results of numerical analysis were compared taking into account the measured values of horizontal displacements.
Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Variables of Elite Athletes
Authors: Kyselovičová Oľga , Labudová Jana , Zemková Erika , Čierna Dušana , Jeleň Michal 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Synchronized swimming and aerobic gymnastics are competitive sports that have grown in popularity throughout the Slovakia and around the world. Unfortunately, a paucity of research exists either on anthropometric and physiological characteristics or physical benefits of these sports. The present study examined anthropometric and cardiovascular characteristics of control group - CO (n = 10) in comparison to competitive synchronized swimmers - SS (n = 11) and aerobic gymnasts - AG (n = 10) between the ages of 13 and 25 years. The physical measures were assessed per the protocols in the following order: height (BH), weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), and % body fat (% BF). The measurements of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and maximum heart rate (HRmax) were examined by spiroergometry via COSMED K4b2. All measurements were collected by trained data collection staff. An analysis of variance (Kruskal - Wallis) with a Mann-Whitney U test for the significant effect among the three groups showed that aerobic gymnasts were taller than synchronized swimmers and control group (p = .02). Training and conditioning requirements specific for the two athletic groups caused that AG and SS have higher level of VO2max (p = .02) and VO2max.kg-1 (p = .00), and also lower level of the body weight (p= .01), BMI (p = .01) and the % BF (p = .00). These findings confirm that selected parameters are considered the bases for success in elite sports. This information could also help to design specific training and evaluate the adaptation to training stimuli with the aim to maximize sport performance.
Middle English Counter-Rivere
Authors: Scott-Macnab David 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Middle English compound noun counter-rivere – attested as counterreuere in the MED, and as counter reuer, cownter reuer, cownteryuer, cowntre ryver in all known manuscripts – is glossed by the MED s.v. contrevure n., (b) as denoting ‘a contrivance of some sort’ employed in the sport of hawking. The MED offers no definitive etymology, but invites readers to compare the word with Old French controvëure ‘invention’, which does indeed fit well with the citation supplied for sense (a) ‘a stratagem’.1 Without wishing to challenge the MED’s lemma or its treatment of that word under sense (a), I argue that its interpretation of the technical hawking term under sense (b) is mistaken, and that it has erroneously conflated two entirely different lexical items. Close examination of the contexts in which counter-rivere occurs will confirm that the word needs to be lemmatised separately with a gloss indicating that it denotes a specific type of hawking assistant, and that it has roots (hitherto unrecognised) going back to Anglo-Latin.
Between Homonymy and Polysemy: The Origins and Career of the English Form Dialect in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Van Rooy Raf , Considine John 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe emergence of the form dialect in early modern English is often mentioned in histories of the language, but important as it is, the evidence for it has never been analyzed as a whole, and its treatment in the revised OED entry for dialect leaves room for modifications. This article presents and re-evaluates the evidence for dialect in sixteenth-century English sources. It demonstrates that there were two homonyms with this form, one a shortening of English dialectics and one a borrowing from post-classical Latin dialectus, from its Greek etymon διάλεκτος, and, less often, from French dialecte. After treating dialect ‘dialectics’ briefly, it explores the known attestations of dialect ‘kind of language’, showing the range of senses in which this word could be used, and the ways in which it can be shown to have spread from one user of English to another, beginning with one clearly defined expatriate learned circle in the 1560s, entering more general learned use in the 1570s and 1580s, and becoming a fully naturalized literary English word in the 1590s. The paper therefore offers a detailed case-study of the naturalization of a learned word in early modern English and also contributes to the history of the conceptualization of language variation in sixteenth-century England.
Not for an Age? Robert Lowell’s Historical Moment
Authors: Austenfeld Thomas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLiterary periodization is still a useful practice, but in constant need of revision. As we approach the centenary of Robert Lowell’s birth in 2017, a critical reexamination of the contested concept of an ‘age of Lowell’ is required, both because of its unwarranted, apparently magisterial claim and its untapped potential. This essay recalls the historical circumstances of Irvin Ehrenpreis’s coining of that term and its fraught reception history. Three arguments remain significant: Lowell’s historical position and his own, strongly historicizing poetry changed the poetic discourse of the 1960s and beyond; Lowell participated in and helped shape the ‘identitarian’ turn of the 1960s, and Lowell’s 1973 volume History marked the conclusion of his age-crafting and personal myth-making project. The essay concludes with a brief look at Lowell’s biological age, heretofore rarely considered in Lowell studies. The ‘age of Lowell’ deserves a fresh interpretation.
Epos und Periplous: Dichtung und Dokumentation in Camões’ Lusíadas
Authors: Thalhofer Helga 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In Luís de Camões’s epic The Lusiads, diverse semantic levels of writing overlap. The intertwining of poetry and documentation results here in perspectives on writing that judge it in different ways, since a tension springs up in The Lusiads between poetry and the new fields of knowledge concerning experimental ‘New Science’ and nautical experience. With respect to the poetics of The Lusiads, this tension becomes evident when a line is drawn from the Renaissance to classical antiquity. A further level of writing can be seen in the field of the shipping of writings – primarily of the founding work of The Lusiads – which was, from a textually external point of view and from that of the history of the media – facilitated by book printing; conversely, the process of writing down ships, that is, their routes registered on maps and in the periplus, manifests itself in Camões’s epic in the form of a documentary mode of writing.
Meer – Medien – Maschinen: Jules Vernes abenteuerliche Reise- und Kommunikationsformen
Authors: Innerhofer Roland 
Published: November 2016

Abstract“Mobilis in mobili,” the motto of Nemo, captain of the submarine Nautilus, denotes the utopic concept represented by Jules Verne’s water crafts – motion in motion, calm dynamics in a save, egg-shaped vessel equipped with all conveniences.
As a bestselling author, Jules Verne established a floating scriptorium on his private yacht. Similarly, he furnished his imaginary vessels with studies and map rooms, libraries as well as new electronic storage and communication media. But in the same vein the autarchy of these vessels causes refusal of communication and isolation of their possessors and passengers.
The reason for this is also a poetological one, since the ubiquity of media and their aim of unimpeded communication collide with the requirements of the adventure novel. Its momentum results from interferences and communication failures, and often culminates in natural disasters and explosions that destroy the vessels. In the alternation of control and disturbance, Verne’s novels display the materiality of media, and at the same time they claim, rather ungently, the dominance of writing over all other media by having the last say. Since the competition between various forms of literature, especially the adventure novel, and contemporary non-literary technological media, as seen in Jules Verne’s novels, has not yet been addressed sufficiently in literary studies, this paper opens new perspectives not only on the important role media takes in Verne’s works, but also on how popular literature reacts to the increasing importance of new media in communication and in public life.
„The common continent of men“? Die Pequod und ihre Crew als Verhandlungsraum von ,Welt‘ in Melvilles Moby-Dick; Or, The Whale
Authors: Erthel Thomas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractQuestioning the well-known interpretation of thePequodas a microcosm, this article focuses on passages in Melville’sMoby-Dick; Or, The Whalein which the ship serves as an arena for testing and questioning various definitions of the ‘world.’ Starting with Ishmael’s claim that he wants to “see the world” by travelling aboard thePequod, this article isolates different meanings of ‘world’ as they are invoked by the text – pointing to a meaning beyond the cartography of the planet earth. As will be shown,Moby-Dickdistinguishes between the extrinsic perspective on planet earth, as cartography applies it, and contrasts it with a level, intrinsic perspectives that one adopts standing on the deck of a ship, looking out on the ocean. The intrinsic perspective can furthermore be related to the object of Ahab’s hunt, the white whale, which carries another understanding of ‘world’ as a deep space that cannot be grasped by cartography. In a final step, the crew and its composition of international members will be analyzed by focusing on the metaphor of the “common continent of men,” which surprisingly raises serious doubts about the unity of thePequod’s crew.
Körper/Horror: Body Horror und das subversive Abjekt als Schlüsselfaktor in der Bildung von Identität in Genevieve Valentines Roman Mechanique. A Tale of the Circus Tresaulti
Authors: Weber Stephanie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe character of the monster serves not only as an empty body onto which people can project dark aspects of their selves; it can embody wishes and desires. By these means, it does not simply call into question the rules and order of society, it may help restore the personal order. Something similar can be said of the abject. Under special circumstances, such as for the protagonist of Genevieve Valentine’s novel Mechanique. A Tale of the Circus Tresaulti, it is not the parting from the abject, but its inclusion and subversive quality which leads to the development of the subject’s identity.
The Descriptive-Normative Dichotomy and the So Called Naturalistic Fallacy
Authors: Morscher Edgar 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Investigating the genesis and justification of norms in a theoretical way requires a clear-cut distinction between normative and descriptive discourse. From a philosophical perspective, the descriptive-normative dichotomy can itself be understood either in a descriptive (or ‘reportive’) or in an normative (or ‘stipulative’) way. In the first case such a dichotomy is understood as the factual border between descriptive and normative discourse in a given language; exploring this border is a hermeneutic enterprise. In the other case it is understood as a boundary between descriptive and normative discourse to be implanted in a language which is developed in order to fit certain purposes, in particular theoretical purposes; this implanting procedure is a matter of regimentation. In this paper I will deal shortly with the first question of hermeneutics and then in more detail with the second question of regimentation. In the final part of the paper I will distinguish different types of naturalistic fallacies resulting from disregarding descriptive-normative dichotomies.