bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade-off between soot and NO emissions during enclosed spray combustion of jet fuel
Authors: Trivanovic Una , Pratsinis Sotiris E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAviation emissions of soot and nitrogen oxides are strictly regulated as they adversely impact human health and the environment. Jet fuel combustion conditions that decrease one pollutant concentration increase the other. Although it is not impossible to achieve both low soot and NOx through clever design, it is hard to simultaneously reduce both. Although it is difficult to study such conditions due to high temperatures and gas flowrates of aircraft engines, recently it was shown that Enclosed Spray Combustion (ESC) of jet fuel results in soot with similar characteristics to that from aircrafts making ESC an attractive unit for studying aviation-like emissions. Furthermore, judicious swirl-injection of air downstream of the ESC burner drastically reduces soot emissions. Here the trade-off between NO and soot emissions during combustion of jet fuel is studied for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, accounting for the detailed structure of soot. Injecting air shortly after the ESC burner decreases soot but increases NO emissions, while such injection further downstream has the inverse outcome. This interplay between soot and NO emissions was correlated quantitatively with the gas temperature shortly after air injection. Consequently, combustion conditions for an optimal trade-off between soot and NO emissions for the ESC conditions studied here are identified that are at or below the lowest NOx emissions per unit mass of fuel from existing aircraft engines.
Exploiting the bile acid binding protein as transporter of a Cholic Acid/Mirin bioconjugate for potential applications in liver cancer therapy
Authors: Tassone Giusy , Maramai Samuele , Paolino Marco , Lamponi Stefania , Poggialini Federica , Dreassi Elena , Petricci Elena , Alcaro Stefano , Pozzi Cecilia , Romeo Isabella 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBioconjugation is one of the most promising strategies to improve drug delivery, especially in cancer therapy. Biomolecules such as bile acids (BAs) have been intensively explored as carriers, due to their peculiar physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. BAs trafficking is regulated by intracellular lipid-binding proteins and their transport in the liver can be studied using chicken liver Bile Acid-Binding Proteins (cL-BABPs) as a reference model. Therefore, we conceived the idea of developing a BA-conjugate with Mirin, an exonuclease inhibitor of Mre11 endowed with different anticancer activities, to direct its transport to the liver. Following computational analysis of various BAs in complex with cL-BABP, we identified cholic acid (CA) as the most promising candidate as carrier, leading to the synthesis of a novel bioconjugate named CA-M11. As predicted by computational data and confirmed by X-ray crystallographic studies, CA-M11 was able to accommodate into the binding pocket of BABP. Hence, it can enter BAs trafficking in the hepatic compartment and here release Mirin. The effect of CA-M11, evaluated in combination with varying concentrations of Doxorubicin on HepG2 cell line, demonstrated a significant increase in cell mortality compared to the use of the cytotoxic drug or Mirin alone, thus highlighting chemo-sensitizing properties. The promising results regarding plasma stability for CA-M11 validate its potential as a valuable agent or adjuvant for hepatic cancer therapy.
Injuries and deaths due to tree failure in The Netherlands: analysis of observational data from 1998–2021
Authors: van Haaften Marinus , Gardebroek Cornelis , Heijman Wim , Meuwissen Miranda P. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUrban and roadside trees contribute to health and resilience. However, when trees or branches fall, it can cause injuries or deaths. This study examined trends and variations of injuries and deaths due to tree failure in The Netherlands from 1998 to 2021, considering urban–rural location, sex, age and traffic mode. This study is the first to describe long-term trends in injuries and deaths due to tree failure from 1998–2021. The standardised rate of injuries per 1,000,000 population increased from 0.14 (SE 0.10) in 1998 to 0.91 (SE 0.21) in 2021, with an annual percentage increase of 5.3% (p = 0.002). The data shows a strong increase for rural areas, contrary to urban ones. The annual percentage increase in rural areas was 13.2% (p < 0.001) while injuries in urban areas increased with 3.0% (p = 0.026), which revealed large urban–rural disparities. A trend was absent in the frequency of deaths. More attention needs to be given to investigating causes, drivers and stressors associated with tree failure-related injuries. In particular, efforts should be made to reduce the prevalence in rural areas. The increase in injuries over time makes it necessary to create awareness and share knowledge among residents and local governments about tree failure risks.
The distribution of seaweed forms and foundational assumptions in seaweed biology
Authors: Machado João P. G. , Oliveira Vinícius P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSeaweeds are the most phylogenetically diverse group of multicellular organisms and rank foremost among marine keystone species. Due to their taxonomic diversity and functional importance, previous studies have classified seaweeds into functional groups based on qualitative or semi-quantitative traits, such as seaweed form, anatomy, and thickness. Despite the widespread use of seaweed functional groups from basic marine ecology to coastal monitoring, it is not known how accurate such morphology-based proposals are in grouping seaweeds by their form. To address this uncertainty at the foundations of seaweed biology, we surveyed and gathered all available data on seaweed forms using PRISMA protocols. We used the surface area to volume ratio (SA:V), a quantitative and universal measure of seaweed form, to assess the distribution and diversity of seaweed morphology across 99 species from three phyla. We show that seaweed surface area to volume ratio values span 3.64 orders of magnitude and follow a continuous and exponential distribution, without any significant gaps or clusters. We also tested current functional group schemes based on morphology and anatomy and showed that only 30% to 38% of their groups showed any significant pairwise differences in morphology. Our results challenge the basis of the current functional group approach in seaweed biology and suggest that a trait-based framework based on quantitative and continuous measures of seaweed form could provide a simpler and more accurate alternative to functionally assess seaweed ecology and physiology, as well as its implications for coastal ecosystem management.
Morphology and root canal configuration of maxillary lateral incisors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wolf Thomas Gerhard , Rempapi Theodora , Wierichs Richard Johannes , Waber Andrea Lisa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore maxillary lateral incisors (MxLI) intern morphology by analyzing existing literature. We searched five electronical databases (Cochrane, Embase, LILACS, Scopus, MEDLINE via PubMed) using keywords and predefined search terms. Additional studies were identified by cross-referencing and reviewing bibliographies of relevant articles. From 92 initial studies, 27 duplicates were removed, and 65 records screened. After full-text review and hand searching were 19 studies included. The most reported root canal configurations (RCC) of MxLI were Vertucci (Ve) I (1-1-1/1; 78.1–100%), Ve II (2-2-1/1; 0.2–5%), Ve III (1-2-1/1; 0.1–14.6%), Ve IV (2-2-2/2; 0.5%), and Ve V (1-1-2/2; 0.5–4.9%). A meta-analysis of six studies from Europe and Asia indicated sex-differentiated patterns in RCC prevalence: higher occurrences of Ve II (2-2-1/1; OR [95%CI] = 1.19 [0.51, 2.73]), Ve III (1-2-1/1; (OR [95%CI] = 1.72 [0.61, 4.85]), and Ve V (1-1-2/2; (OR [95%CI] = 2.95 [1.02, 8.55]) configurations were noted in males, whereas females predominantly exhibited Ve I (1-1-1/1; [95%CI] = 0.99 [0.97, 1.02]), and Ve IV (2-2-2/2; (OR [95%CI] = 0.11 [0.01, 2.02]). Examination methods varied, with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) being most commonly (n = 11), followed by staining & clearing (n = 5), and radiographic analysis (n = 1). The predominant RCC in MxLI is type Vertucci I. CBCT is the most common method for assessing the morphology of root canals. However, up to 20% of cases may present with complex and sex-specific patterns, highlighting the need for clinicians to be aware of these differences to prevent complications during endodontic treatments.
A framework for human evaluation of large language models in healthcare derived from literature review
Authors: Tam Thomas Yu Chow , Sivarajkumar Sonish , Kapoor Sumit , Stolyar Alisa V. , Polanska Katelyn , McCarthy Karleigh R. , Osterhoudt Hunter , Wu Xizhi , Visweswaran Shyam , Fu Sunyang , Mathur Piyush , Cacciamani Giovanni E. , Sun Cong , Peng Yifan , Wang Yanshan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), particularly large language models (LLMs), continuing to make inroads in healthcare, assessing LLMs with human evaluations is essential to assuring safety and effectiveness. This study reviews existing literature on human evaluation methodologies for LLMs in healthcare across various medical specialties and addresses factors such as evaluation dimensions, sample types and sizes, selection, and recruitment of evaluators, frameworks and metrics, evaluation process, and statistical analysis type. Our literature review of 142 studies shows gaps in reliability, generalizability, and applicability of current human evaluation practices. To overcome such significant obstacles to healthcare LLM developments and deployments, we propose QUEST, a comprehensive and practical framework for human evaluation of LLMs covering three phases of workflow: Planning, Implementation and Adjudication, and Scoring and Review. QUEST is designed with five proposed evaluation principles: Quality of Information, Understanding and Reasoning, Expression Style and Persona, Safety and Harm, and Trust and Confidence.
Comparison of NLP machine learning models with human physicians for ASA Physical Status classification
Authors: Yoon Soo Bin , Lee Jipyeong , Lee Hyung-Chul , Jung Chul-Woo , Lee Hyeonhoon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe American Society of Anesthesiologist’s Physical Status (ASA-PS) classification system assesses comorbidities before sedation and analgesia, but inconsistencies among raters have hindered its objective use. This study aimed to develop natural language processing (NLP) models to classify ASA-PS using pre-anesthesia evaluation summaries, comparing their performance to human physicians. Data from 717,389 surgical cases in a tertiary hospital (October 2004–May 2023) was split into training, tuning, and test datasets. Board-certified anesthesiologists created reference labels for tuning and test datasets. The NLP models, including ClinicalBigBird, BioClinicalBERT, and Generative Pretrained Transformer 4, were validated against anesthesiologists. The ClinicalBigBird model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.915. It outperformed board-certified anesthesiologists with a specificity of 0.901 vs. 0.897, precision of 0.732 vs. 0.715, and F1-score of 0.716 vs. 0.713 (all p <0.01). This approach will facilitate automatic and objective ASA-PS classification, thereby streamlining the clinical workflow.
Predictive modeling of evoked intracranial EEG response to medial temporal lobe stimulation in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Acharya Gagan , Davis Kathryn A. , Nozari Erfan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite promising advancements, closed-loop neurostimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) still relies on manual tuning and produces variable outcomes, while automated predictable algorithms remain an aspiration. As a fundamental step towards addressing this gap, here we study predictive dynamical models of human intracranial EEG (iEEG) response under parametrically rich neurostimulation. Using data from n = 13 DRE patients, we find that stimulation-triggered switched-linear models with ~300 ms of causal historical dependence best explain evoked iEEG dynamics. These models are highly consistent across different stimulation amplitudes and frequencies, allowing for learning a generalizable model from abundant STIM OFF and limited STIM ON data. Further, evoked iEEG in nearly all subjects exhibited a distance-dependent pattern, whereby stimulation directly impacts the actuation site and nearby regions (≲ 20 mm), affects medium-distance regions (20 ~ 100 mm) through network interactions, and hardly reaches more distal areas (≳ 100 mm). Peak network interaction occurs at 60 ~ 80 mm from the stimulation site. Due to their predictive accuracy and mechanistic interpretability, these models hold significant potential for model-based seizure forecasting and closed-loop neurostimulation design.
Hochenergetische, fokussierte extrakorporale Stoßwellentherapie
(ESWT) bei Knochenheilungsstörungen von Unterarm und Hand
Authors: Liedl Eva-Kristina , van Schoonhoven Jörg , Prommersberger Karl-Josef , Mühldorfer-Fodor Marion 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die ESWT ist eine nichtoperative Option, kann aber auch
ergänzend zu einer operativen Therapie (Stabilisierung, Anfrischung,
Defektauffüllung, Materialentfernung von störendem Fremdmaterial) zur Behandlung
von verzögerter (Knochen-)Heilung (VH) und Pseudarthrosen (PA) eingesetzt
werden. Ihre Wertigkeit sowie beeinflussende Faktoren wurden an der oberen
Extremität bisher nicht ausreichend quantifiziert.
Patienten und Methoden Sechzig Fälle wurden retrospektiv nach Anwendung
einer hochenergetischen, fokussierten ESWT hinsichtlich Ausheilungsrate und
Konsolidierungszeit untersucht. Der Einfluss von Alter, Lokalisation,
Behandlungszeitpunkt, vorausgegangener Therapie sowie einer begleitenden
Behandlung wurde analysiert.
Ergebnisse Bei 70% der Fälle kam es im Median nach 2,4 (VH) bzw. 2,8
Monaten (PA) zur Ausheilung. Das Durchschnittsalter der Geheilten (VH 44 J., PA
35 J.) und Nichtgeheilten (VH 51 J., PA 37 J.) unterschied sich nicht
signifikant. Die Zeit zwischen Trauma/OP und ESWT betrug für VH 4,2 Monate bei
Geheilten bzw. 3,7 Monate bei Nichtgeheilten ohne signifikanten Unterschied, bei
PA 27 Monate bei Geheilten wie Nichtgeheilten. Auch Alter und Rauchverhalten
zeigten keinen Einfluss. Die Ausheilungsrate war am höchsten an
Mittelhandknochen/Finger/Daumen (91%), gefolgt von Unterarmschaft (88%),
Epi-/Metaphyse des Unterarms (67%) und zuletzt Handwurzelknochen (59%). Nach
konservativer Vorbehandlung heilten 55%, bei>2 Voroperationen 67%, ohne
Vorbehandlung 73% und nach einer Voroperation 75%. Die weitere Analyse
hinsichtlich der operativen Vorversorgung ergab nach alleiniger ORIF 85%, ohne
Voroperation 64% und nach ORIF mit Knochenanfrischung/-transplantation 57%
Heilungsrate. Bei intraoperativer ESWT kombiniert mit
Knochendebridement/-transplantation+ORIF heilten 67%, kombiniert mit einer
alleinigen ORIF 86%. Bei alleiniger ESWT oder mit nur minimalen Maßnahmen
(Materialentfernung) konsolidierten 70%.
Schlussfolgerung Die ESWT ist in jedem Stadium der Knochenheilungsstörung
gleich wirksam. Die Prinzipien von Stabilität und Auffüllung bei vorhandenen
Knochendefekten müssen auch bei der Anwendung der ESWT berücksichtigt werden,
dann wirkt die ESWT alleinig oder kombiniert mit einer Operation gleichermaßen.
Der negative Einfluss von Knochendefekten/-resorption ist auch mit ESWT noch
nachweisbar. Ebenso ist die Behandlung des Kahnbeins problematischer als übrige
Lokalisationen. Eine vorangegangene Operation stellt keinen negativen Faktor
dar, auch wenn Fremdmaterial einliegt.
5-Fluorouracil-Induced Leukoencephalopathy: Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: RN Supreeth , Hingmire Sachin , Joshi Aniruddha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract5-fluorouracil (5FU) forms an important component of chemotherapy regimens used in various gastrointestinal (GI) adenocarcinomas and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Leukoencephalopathy is a rare adverse effect of 5FU, mediated by hyperammonemia and hyperlactatemia. We report cases of two patients with GI adenocarcinomas who developed neurological symptoms while on 5FU infusion. The neuroimaging and biochemical parameters were suggestive of toxic leukoencephalopathy. They were managed with cessation of the drug and short-term antiepileptic therapy. We also discuss the pathophysiology of this adverse effect and its management.
Variability in Positions and Factors Contributing to Surgical Difficulty of Impacted Third Molars
Authors: Sjamsudin Endang , Rafisa Anggun , Najmi Nuroh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to provide valuable insights into the variability of third molar positions and factors influencing their surgical time and technique.
Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included a total of 48 eligible participants, aged 18 to 45 years, diagnosed with impacted teeth, and who had undergone surgery. Exclusion criteria comprised the absence of the second molar, the presence of systemic diseases, a history of radiation therapy, and pregnancy or lactation. Participants completed a questionnaire covering demographic data, physical metrics, and information on systemic conditions and disorders. Preoperative assessments included vital sign measurements. Panoramic imaging was employed to evaluate the third molar distance to the occlusal plane, degrees of angulation, eruption space, and distance to the alveolar inferior canal. Surgical difficulty in this study was measured by two outcomes: surgical time and technique.
Statistical Analysis To assess differences in impacted third molar positions among groups, Independent samples t-test and One-way analysis of variance were used for normally distributed data without outliers; otherwise, the Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis H test were utilized. The Spearman's rank correlation was utilized to explore relationships between vital signs, impacted third molar positions, surgical time, and surgical technique.
Results There were no significant differences in third molar positions between age and body mass index groups. Significant differences in distance to the occlusal plane were observed between third molars in quadrants 2 and 3 (p = 0.002) and quadrants 2 and 4 (p = 0.005). A significant difference in eruption space was found between sexes (p = 0.016). A significant negative correlation was discovered between surgical time and respiration rate per minute (p = 0.028).
Conclusion This study found that males have greater third molar eruption space than females, and maxillary third molars have a greater distance to the occlusal plane compared with mandibular third molars. The importance of vital signs as contributing factors to surgical difficulty is highlighted, emphasizing their relevance in clinical practice.
Multiple Meningiomas with Different Histological Patterns in the Same Patient: Do They Exist? A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: M.K Saranraj , Shanmugam Salapathi , Raiyani Yatin , Jacob Adrian , Ghosh Siddhartha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMeningiomas are the most common form of primary intracranial tumors, accounting for 13 to 26% of total neoplasms arising from arachnoid cap cells of the meningeal layer covering the central nervous system. Multiple intracranial meningiomas, which often have a syndromic association, account for less than 10% of total meningiomas. Multiple meningiomas with different histological patterns or grades in the same patient are very rare. Here we report such a rare case of meningioma with different histological patterns in the same patient. A 56-year-old lady presented to us with complaints of progressive right-sided weakness and speech disturbances, and her magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed two distinct extra-axial lesions over left frontal convexity and left fronto-temporo-parietal convexity. She underwent left fronto-temporo-parietal craniectomy and Simpson grade 1 excision of the lesions. Her histopathological examination revealed two different histological patterns: lesion 1 (left fronto-temporo-parietal convexity) was reported as a transitional World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1 meningioma and lesion 2 (left frontal convexity) was reported as angiomatous WHO grade 1 meningioma. She recovered well and was discharged in a stable condition after 3 weeks. Multiple meningiomas are defined as at least two spatially separated meningiomas occurring at the same time or more than two meningiomas arising sequentially from two clearly distinct regions. The exact mechanism of multicentricity is unknown. The treatment protocol for different histological types in the same patient is not clear. The extent of surgical resection remains the mainstay of the treatment and these patients should be followed up closely to watch for recurrence or malignant transformation. The role of radiotherapy in multiple meningiomas is yet to be established.
Minilifting: Short-Scar Rhytidectomy with Thread Lifting
Authors: Jung Kyu Hwa , Lee Won 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFacelifting techniques have been developed over time to mask the aging process. However, conventional facelifts cause scarring. Because of patient demands, various noninvasive lifting techniques have been introduced, including absorbable thread lifting. Minilifting is known for its short-scar excision and is used to improve skin laxity and lifting using absorbable threads but the definition and operation techniques are not certain. In this article, we described the definition, development, and operative techniques used in minilifts. Minilifting procedures represent an added option for patients with minimal scarring and adequate lifting effects.
Inflammatory Marker Changes Following Total Knee Arthroplasty for Rheumatoid Arthritis with Vancomycin-Loaded Calcium Sulfate Bone Filling
Authors: Zhang Han , Ma Xiao , Chen GuanHong , Wang Ze , Shang Zhen , Wang Tianrui , Yu Tengbo , Zhang Yongtao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) face infection risk. The study evaluates vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate bone as infection prevention. Patients with RA treated with TKA who had their femoral canal filled using either vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate bone (experimental group [n = 35]) or the patient's own excised autologous bone (control group [n = 30]) at the Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao, China from January 1, 2017, to March 1, 2023, were retrospectively enrolled in this study. An experienced surgeon used midvastus approach. Surgeries included disinfection, antibiotics, and femoral filling. The age, gender, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, and intraoperative details were extracted from the patient's medical records. Preoperation and postoperation markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]), pain scale (Visual Analog Scale [VAS]), infection rate, and Knee Society Score (KSS) were collected. Groups matched in age, gender, and BMI. No preoperative inflammatory marker differences were observed. However, compared to the control group, the postoperative inflammatory markers were significantly lower in the experimental group at 1-week postsurgery (CRP: 40.80 ± 23.17 vs. 60.80 ± 43.12 mg/L, p = 0.021; ESR: 72.06 ± 17.52 vs. 83.87 ± 21.52 mm/h, p = 0.012) and at 1-month postsurgery (CRP: 15.63 ± 6.56 vs. 21.17 ± 13.16 mg/L, p = 0.032; ESR: 25.25 ± 20.44 vs. 38.40 ± 25.26 mm/h, p = 0.024). There were no significant differences in the VAS (2.79 ± 0.90 vs. 2.70 ± 0.84 score, p = 0.689) and KSS (64.31 ± 17.88 vs. 66.57 ± 12.36) at 1-month postsurgery. Experimental group: zero infections; control group: only one infection. Administering vancomycin and calcium sulfate during TKA in RA patients reduces postoperative inflammation, but does not significantly affect infection risk; further research may be necessary for validation.