bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonality of leaf litter and leaf area index data for various tree species in a cool‐temperate deciduous broad‐leaved forest, Japan, 2005–2014
Authors: Nagai Shin , Nasahara Kenlo Nishida , Yoshitake Shinpei , Saitoh Taku M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper reports seasonal data regarding leaf litter for 14 deciduous broad‐leaved species and one evergreen coniferous species as well as leaf area index (LAI) data for the 14 deciduous broad‐leaved species in a cool‐temperate deciduous broad‐leaved forest in Japan. The seasonal leaf biomass of various tree species is important for accurately evaluating ecosystem functions such as photosynthesis and evapotranspiration under climate change. However, there is a lack of freely available, long‐term data. We collected litterfall every 1 to 4 weeks from September or October to November or December each year from 2005 to 2014 in Takayama, Japan (36°08′46″N, 137°25′23″E, 1420 m a.s.l.). After sorting the litter into leaves (according to species categories), stems + branches, and “other”, we dried and weighed the litter groups. We also collected seasonal leaf data (number of leaves and leaf length and width) for each broad‐leaved species, which we recorded every 1 to 4 weeks from April or May to October or November using multiple target shoots. To estimate the LAI in autumn for each deciduous broad‐leaved species, we used a semi‐empirical model of the vertical integration of leaf dry mass per unit leaf area. To estimate the LAI in spring and summer, we used the relationship between the LAI in autumn and the seasonal leaf data. Our data provide input, calibration, and validation parameters for determining LAI based on satellite remote‐sensing observations or radiative transfer models and for use in ecosystem models.
Bioactives, Aromatics and Sensory Properties of Cold‐Pressed and Hexane‐Extracted Lemon (Citrus Limon L.) Seed Oils
Authors: Guneser Buket Aydeniz , Yilmaz Emin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to provide more essential data about the bioactive, aromatic volatile composition and sensory properties of lemon seed oils to possibly establish new application areas of this unexplored new oil. Furthermore, cold pressing and hexane extraction were compared. Catechin, eriocitrin, rutin, naringin, naringenin, hesperidin, neohesperidin and kaempherol as flavonoids, and gallic, syringic, tr‐ferulic, rosmaniric and tr‐2‐hydrocinnamic acids as phenolic acids were quantified in the oils. Naringin, gallic and syringic acids were significantly higher in the cold‐pressed sample. Around 30 different aromatic volatiles were identified in both samples, and, for the majority, the concentrations were higher in the cold‐pressed sample. It was observed that lemon seed oil is very aromatic, mostly characterized by citrus, herbal, terpenic, woody, and floral aroma descriptors. A panel evaluated the oils for sensory properties with 13 different definition terms (clarity, lemon peel, roasted, raw vegetable, grassy, bitter, astringent, waxy, nutty, fatty, spicy and throat‐catching). The oil was defined as very bitter, astringent, spicy and throat‐catching. In conclusion, lemon seed oil was found unsuitable for direct edible use, but might be preferable for its unique aroma and bioactive components for functional food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
Existing and Future Educational Needs in Graduate and Postgraduate Education
Authors: Eardley Ian , Reisman Yacov , Goldstein Sue , Kramer Andrew , Dean John , Coleman Eli 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Introduction
This review was designed to make recommendations on future educational needs, principles of curricular development, and how the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) should address the need to enhance and promote human sexuality education around the world.

Aim
To explore the ways in which graduate and postgraduate medical education in human sexuality has evolved and is currently delivered.

Methods
We reviewed existing literature concerning sexuality education, curriculum development, learning strategies, educational formats, evaluation of programs, evaluation of students, and faculty development. We reviewed literature relating to four main areas: (i) the current status of the international regulation of training in sexual medicine; (ii) the current delivery of education and training in sexual medicine; (iii) resident and postgraduate education in sexual medicine surgery; and (iv) education and training for allied health professionals.

Results
The main findings in these four areas are as follows. Sexual medicine has grown considerably as a specialty during the past 20 years, with many drivers being identified. However, the regulatory aspects of training, assessment, and certification are currently in the early stages of development and are in many ways lagging behind the scientific and clinical knowledge in the field. However, there are examples of the development of curricula with accompanying assessments that have attempted to set standards of education and training that might underlie the delivery of high-quality care to patients in sexual medicine. The development of competence assessment has been applied to surgical training in sexual medicine, and there is increasing interest in simulation as a means of enhancing technical skills training. Although the focus of curriculum development has largely been the medical profession, there is early interest in the development of standards for training and education of allied health professionals.

Conclusion
Organizations of professionals in sexual health, such as the ISSM, have an opportunity, and indeed a responsibility, to provide and disseminate learning opportunities, curricula, and standards of training for doctors and allied health professionals in sexual medicine.
Beijing Consensus and Development Legitimacy: The Evolution of China’s Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Regime from a Law & Development Perspective
Authors: GUAN Wenwei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe evolution of China’s trade and investment regime since the late 1970s has been a process of constant liberalization of FDI control with a special focus on national development and self-determination. This so-called Beijing Consensus presents a sharp contrast with the neo-liberalist Washington Consensus. A theoretical analysis of this contrast from the law and development critique reveals that, while setting forth itself as the development model and excluding other development alternatives, the legitimacy deficit of the Washington Consensus stems from a self-sufficient ontological myth of legal voluntarism. The Beijing Consensus, with its attention to local conditions and emphasis on self-determination, gains its legitimacy through the dynamic process of selective adaptation of limit-transgression through which it challenges and at the same time enriches international development legitimacy. This article suggests that the Beijing Consensus’ roots in the African Continent’s Agenda 2063 and its First Ten-year Implementation Plan offer positive future prospects.
Chemosymbiotic bivalves from Miocene methane-seep carbonates in Italy
Authors: Kiel Steffen , Taviani Marco 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEleven species of chemosymbiotic bivalves are reported from middle to late Miocene methane seep deposits (‘Calcari aLucina’) in the Italian Apennines, including seven new species and one new genus. The new species areBathymodiolus(s.l.)moroniaeandB. (s.l.)miomediterraneusamong the Bathymodiolinae andArchivesica aharoni,A.apenninica,A.strigarum, and ‘Pliocardia’italicaamong the Vesicomyidae; specimens from the middle Miocene of Deruta are reported asArchivesicaaff.aharoni.Samiolus iohannesbaptistaenew genus new species is introduced for an unusual mytilid with a commarginally ribbed surface, which might be the first non-bathymodiolin mytilid obligate to the seep environment. The two large lucinid species from which these deposits derived their informal name ‘Calcari aLucina’ are identified asMeganodontia hoernea(Des Moulins, 1868) andLucinoma perusina(Sacco, 1901). WithChanellaxinussp., we report the first thyasirid from a Neogene deep-water seep deposit in Italy and the first fossil occurrence of this genus.
Deletion of Stk40 impairs definitive erythropoiesis in the mouse fetal liver
Authors: Wang Lina , Yu Hongyao , Cheng Hui , He Ke , Fang Zhuoqing , Ge Laixiang , Cheng Tao , Jin Ying 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe serine threonine kinase Stk40 has been shown to involve in mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation, pulmonary maturation and adipocyte differentiation. Here we report that targeted deletion of Stk40 leads to fetal liver hypoplasia and anemia in the mouse embryo. The reduction of erythrocytes in the fetal liver is accompanied by increased apoptosis and compromised erythroid maturation. Stk40−/− fetal liver cells have significantly reduced colony-forming units (CFUs) capable of erythroid differentiation, including burst forming unit-erythroid, CFU-erythroid (CFU-E), and CFU-granulocyte, erythrocyte, megakaryocyte and macrophage, but not CFU-granulocyte/macrophages. Purified Stk40−/− megakaryocyte–erythrocyte progenitors produce substantially fewer CFU-E colonies compared to control cells. Moreover, Stk40−/− fetal liver erythroblasts fail to form normal erythroblastic islands in association with wild type or Stk40−/− macrophages, indicating an intrinsic defect of Stk40−/− erythroblasts. Furthermore, the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell pool is reduced in Stk40−/− fetal livers but still retains the multi-lineage reconstitution capacity. Finally, comparison of microarray data between wild type and Stk40−/− E14.5 fetal liver cells reveals a potential role of aberrantly activated TNF-α signaling in Stk40 depletion induced dyserythropoiesis with a concomitant increase in cleaved caspase-3 and decrease in Gata1 proteins. Altogether, the identification of Stk40 as a regulator for fetal erythroid maturation and survival provides new clues to the molecular regulation of erythropoiesis and related diseases.
Glass-ceramic optical fiber containing Ba2TiSi2O8 nanocrystals for frequency conversion of lasers
Authors: Fang Zaijin , Xiao Xusheng , Wang Xin , Ma Zhijun , Lewis Elfed , Farrell Gerald , Wang Pengfei , Ren Jing , Guo Haitao , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA glass-ceramic optical fiber containing Ba2TiSi2O8 nanocrystals fabricated using a novel combination of the melt-in-tube method and successive heat treatment is reported for the first time. For the melt-in-tube method, fibers act as a precursor at the drawing temperature for which the cladding glass is softened while the core glass is melted. It is demonstrated experimentally that following heat treatment, Ba2TiSi2O8 nanocrystals with diameters below 10 nm are evenly distributed throughout the fiber core. Comparing to the conventional rod-in-tube method, the melt-in-tube method is superior in terms of controllability of crystallization to allow for the fabrication of low loss glass-ceramic fibers. When irradiated using a 1030 nm femtosecond laser, an enhanced green emission at a wavelength of 515 nm is observed in the glass-ceramic fiber, which demonstrates second harmonic generation of a laser action in the fabricated glass-ceramic fibers. Therefore, this new glass-ceramic fiber not only provides a highly promising development for frequency conversion of lasers in all optical fiber based networks, but the melt-in-tube fabrication method also offers excellent opportunities for fabricating a wide range of novel glass-ceramic optical fibers for multiple future applications including fiber telecommunications and lasers.
Molecular characterization reveals the complexity of previously overlooked coral-exosymbiont interactions and the implications for coral-guild ecology
Authors: Rouzé H. , Leray M. , Magalon H. , Penin L. , Gélin P. , Knowlton N. , Fauvelot C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSeveral obligate associate crabs and shrimps species may co-occur and interact within a single coral host, leading to patterns of associations that can provide essential ecological services. However, knowledge of the dynamics of interactions in this system is limited, partly because identifying species involved in the network remains challenging. In this study, we assessed the diversity of the decapods involved in exosymbiotic assemblages for juvenile and adult Pocillopora damicornis types α and β on reefs of New Caledonia and Reunion Island. This approach revealed complex patterns of association at regional and local scales with a prevalence of assemblages involving crab-shrimp partnerships. Furthermore, the distinction of two lineages in the snapping shrimp Alpheus lottini complex, rarely recognized in ecological studies, reveals a key role for cryptic diversity in structuring communities of mutualists. The existence of partnerships between species that occurred more commonly than expected by chance suggests an increased advantage for the host or a better adaptation of associated species to local environmental conditions. The consideration of cryptic diversity helps to accurately describe the complexity of interaction webs for diverse systems such as coral reefs, as well as the functional roles of dominant associated species for the persistence of coral populations.
MiR-126 and miR-126* regulate shear-resistant firm leukocyte adhesion to human brain endothelium
Authors: Cerutti Camilla , Edwards Laura J. , de Vries Helga E. , Sharrack Basil , Male David K. , Romero Ignacio A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLeukocyte adhesion to brain endothelial cells, the blood-brain barrier main component, is a critical step in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Leukocyte adhesion is mediated mainly by selectins, cell adhesion molecules and chemokines induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IFNγ, but the regulation of this process is not fully clear. This study investigated the regulation of firm leukocyte adhesion to human brain endothelium by two different brain endothelial microRNAs (miRs), miR-126 and miR-126*, that are downregulated by TNFα and IFNγ in a human brain endothelial cell line, hCMEC/D3. Using a leukocyte adhesion in vitro assay under shear forces mimicking blood flow, we observed that reduction of endothelial miR-126 and miR-126* enhanced firm monocyte and T cell adhesion to hCMEC/D3 cells, whereas their increased expression partially prevented THP1, Jurkat and primary MS patient-derived PBMC firm adhesion. Furthermore, we observed that miR-126* and miR-126 downregulation increased E-selectin and VCAM1, respectively, while miR-126 overexpression reduced VCAM1 and CCL2 expression by hCMEC/D3 cells, suggesting that these miRs regulate leukocyte adhesion by modulating the expression of adhesion-associated endothelial mRNA targets. Hence, human brain endothelial miR-126 and miR-126* could be used as a therapeutic tool to reduce leukocyte adhesion and thus reduce neuroinflammation.
Structural intermediates and directionality of the swiveling motion of Pyruvate Phosphate Dikinase
Authors: Minges Alexander , Ciupka Daniel , Winkler Christian , Höppner Astrid , Gohlke Holger , Groth Georg 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) is a vital enzyme in cellular energy metabolism catalyzing the ATP- and P i -dependent formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from pyruvate in C4 -plants, but the reverse reaction forming ATP in bacteria and protozoa. The multi-domain enzyme is considered an efficient molecular machine that performs one of the largest single domain movements in proteins. However, a comprehensive understanding of the proposed swiveling domain motion has been limited by not knowing structural intermediates or molecular dynamics of the catalytic process. Here, we present crystal structures of PPDKs from Flaveria, a model genus for studying the evolution of C4 -enzymes from phylogenetic ancestors. These structures resolve yet unknown conformational intermediates and provide the first detailed view on the large conformational transitions of the protein in the catalytic cycle. Independently performed unrestrained MD simulations and configurational free energy calculations also identified these intermediates. In all, our experimental and computational data reveal strict coupling of the CD swiveling motion to the conformational state of the NBD. Moreover, structural asymmetries and nucleotide binding states in the PPDK dimer support an alternate binding change mechanism for this intriguing bioenergetic enzyme.
Modified SJH alleviates FFAs-induced hepatic steatosis through leptin signaling pathways
Authors: Lim Dong-Woo , Bose Shambhunath , Wang Jing-Hua , Choi Han Seok , Kim Young-Mi , Chin Young-Won , Jeon Song-Hee , Kim Jai-Eun , Kim Hojun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSamjunghwan (SJH) is an herbal formula used in traditional Korean medicine. This prescription has long been used in treatment of aging and lifestyle diseases. The current study showed the effect and mechanisms of anti-hepatic steatosis action of modified SJH (mSJH)in vitroandin vivo. Treatment with mSJH resulted in significantly decreased intracellular lipid accumulation in steatosis-induced cells. Furthermore, mSJH triggered the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase andacetyl-CoA carboxylaseas well as increased the expression of leptin at both protein and gene levels. In addition, C57BL6 mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) showed significant improvements in body, liver weights and fat weights; and serum, hepatic and fecal lipid parameters in response to the treatment with mSJH. Furthermore, mSJH showed favorable effects on the hepatic expression of several genes related to lipid metabolism. Betaine, one of constituents of mSJH exerted fundamental beneficial impact on FFAs-induced cells. However, the beneficial effects of mSJH were diminished upon blocking of leptin signaling by dexamethasone, suggesting the leptin signaling as a key component in mSJH-mediated modulation of lipid homeostasis. Our results suggest that mSJH exerts an anti-hepatic steatosis effect via activation of leptin and associated signaling cascades related to lipid metabolism.
ATHB17 enhances stress tolerance by coordinating photosynthesis associated nuclear gene and ATSIG5 expression in response to abiotic stress
Authors: Zhao Ping , Cui Rong , Xu Ping , Wu Jie , Mao Jie-Li , Chen Yu , Zhou Cong-Zhao , Yu Lin-Hui , Xiang Cheng-Bin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPhotosynthesis is sensitive to environmental stress and must be efficiently modulated in response to abiotic stress. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we report that ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX 17 (ATHB17), an Arabidopsis HD-Zip transcription factor, regulated the expression of a number of photosynthesis associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) involved in the light reaction and ATSIG5 in response to abiotic stress. ATHB17 was responsive to ABA and multiple stress treatments. ATHB17-overexpressing plants displayed enhanced stress tolerance, whereas its knockout mutant was more sensitive compared to the wild type. Through RNA-seq and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, we found that ATHB17 did not affect the expression of many known stress-responsive marker genes. Interestingly, we found that ATHB17 down-regulated many PhANGs and could directly modulate the expression of several PhANGs by binding to their promoters. Moreover, we identified ATSIG5, encoding a plastid sigma factor, as one of the target genes of ATHB17. Loss of ATSIG5 reduced salt tolerance while overexpression of ATSIG5 enhanced salt tolerance, similar to that of ATHB17. ATHB17 can positively modulate the expression of many plastid encoded genes (PEGs) through regulation of ATSIG5. Taken together, our results suggest that ATHB17 may play an important role in protecting plants by adjusting expression of PhANGs and PEGs in response to abiotic stresses.
HLA-B*15:21 and carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome: pooled-data and in silico analysis
Authors: Jaruthamsophon Kanoot , Tipmanee Varomyalin , Sangiemchoey Antida , Sukasem Chonlaphat , Limprasert Pornprot 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHLA-B*15:02 screening before carbamazepine (CBZ) prescription in Asian populations is the recommended practice to prevent CBZ-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (CBZ-SJS). However, a number of patients have developed CBZ-SJS even having no HLA-B*15:02. Herein, we present the case of a Thai patient who had a negative HLA-B*15:02 screening result but later developed CBZ-SJS. Further HLA typing revealed HLA-B*15:21/B*13:01. HLA-B*15:21 is a member of the HLA-B75 serotype and is commonly found in Southeast Asian populations. Based on this case, we hypothesised that if all HLA-B*15:02 carriers were prevented from CBZ prescription, another common HLA-B75 serotype marker would show its association with CBZ-SJS. To test this hypothesis, we pooled data from previous association studies in Asian populations, excluded all cases with HLA-B*15:02, and analysed the association significance of HLA-B75 serotype markers. A significant association was found between CBZ-SJS and HLA-B*15:21 and HLA-B*15:11. We also applied an in silico analysis and found that all HLA-B75 serotype molecules shared similar capability in binding the CBZ molecule. In summary, this report provides the first evidence of a positive association between HLA-B*15:21 and CBZ-SJS and the first in silico analysis of CBZ binding sites and details of the molecular behaviour of HLA-B75 molecule to explain its molecular action.
Relevance of secretor status genotype and microbiota composition in susceptibility to rotavirus and norovirus infections in humans
Authors: Rodríguez-Díaz Jesús , García-Mantrana Izaskun , Vila-Vicent Susana , Gozalbo-Rovira Roberto , Buesa Javier , Monedero Vicente , Collado Maria Carmen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHost genetic factors, such as histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), are associated with susceptibility to norovirus (NoV) and rotavirus (RV) infections. Recent advances point to the gut microbiome as a key player necessary for a viral pathogen to cause infection. In vitro NoV attachment to host cells and resulting infections have been linked to interactions with certain bacterial types in the gut microbiota. We investigated the relationship between host genotype, gut microbiota, and viral infections. Saliva and fecal samples from 35 adult volunteers were analysed for secretor status genotype, the gut microbiota composition by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and salivary IgA titers to NoV and RV. Higher levels of IgA against NoV and RV were related to secretor-positive status. No significant differences were found between the FUT2 genotype groups, although the multivariate analysis showed a significant impact of host genotype on specific viral susceptibilities in the microbiome composition. A specific link was found between the abundance of certain bacterial groups, such as Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus spp., and lower IgA titers against NoV and RV. As a conclusion, we can state that there is a link between host genetics, gut microbiota, and susceptibility to viral infections in humans.