bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malignancy grading of invasive fronts of oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Dissanayake Upul 
Published: November 2017

Background: Clinical stage and pathology grading have consistently failed to predict survival in patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). There is a need to develop a grading system that could have a predictive value in assessing the prognosis of patients with OSCC. The aim was to evaluate the prognostic significance of several parameters of the modified Bryne’s malignancy grading system. Methods: Malignancy grading of invasive fronts of 60 OSCCs from Sri Lankan subjects was undertaken using Bryne’s criteria. Results: Of the five morphological features assessed at the invasive fronts of the tumours, the range of scores derived for keratinization was low, and the host response in the stromal tissue was marked compared with reported series from European countries. There were no tumours scoring a malignancy grading under 9, regarded as tumours with a ‘good prognosis’. In logistic regression analysis among patient factors, age had a positive association on survival, and among tumour factors, the malignancy grading was significantly predictive of overall survival. Conclusions: Bryne’s malignancy grading is predictive of overall survival in patients with OSCCs.
Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus: Nanofracture versus hyaluronic acid-based cell-free scaffold with concentration of autologous bone marrow aspirate
Authors: Tahta Mesut , Akkaya Mustafa , Gursoy Safa , Isik Cetin , Bozkurt Murat 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the early clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic one-stage treatment with hyaluronic acid-based cell-free scaffold (HACS) in combination with a concentration of autologous bone marrow aspirate (CBMA) technique compared to nanofracture (NF). Methods: A retrospective evaluation was made of all the patients with focal osteochondral lesions of the talus that were treated between January 2012 and January 2015. Ninety-eight patients met the criteria and were enrolled in the study. Forty-six patients (group 1) were treated with arthroscopic one-stage treatment with CBMA in combination with an HACS. Fifty-two patients (group 2) were treated with NF. Patient demographics and cartilage defect characteristics, the AOFAS and VAS scoring systems were compared between groups. In the evaluation of cartilage repair tissue, the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) scoring system was used. Results: No significant differences were determined between the two groups in terms of age ( p = 0.874), body mass index ( p = 0.621), defect size ( p = 0.485), defect depth ( p = 0.674), follow-up time ( p = 0.512). A significant clinical difference was determined between the two groups according to the AOFAS and VAS scores ( p = 0.028, p = 0.046, respectively). The mean MOCART score of group 1 was significantly higher ( p = 0.041). Conclusions: Both NF and HACS with CBMA techniques are beneficial in treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus. Better clinical and radiological results, in addition to higher cartilage quality, could be obtained with HACS with CBMA technique compared to NF.
MRI findings of lumbar spine instability in degenerative spondylolisthesis
Authors: Cho Il Youp , Park Si Young , Park Jong Hoon , Suh Seung Woo , Lee Soon Hyuck 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: To find out the factors suggesting lumbar segmental instability in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Ninety-four patients with DS who underwent decompression surgery with or without fusion were selected. Patient demographics and findings on simple radiographs and MRI were analyzed. We divided patients into two groups by the presence of lumbar instability on simple standing plain radiographs and measured degeneration status of intervertebral discs and facet joints and distance of facet fluid signal on T2 axial MRI on each groups. The data were analyzed to find out the correlation between facet fluid signal and lumbar instability. Results: Sixty-three patients were confirmed to have lumbar instability (unstable group (UG), 67%), while 31 patients (stable group (SG), 33%) did not have instability on simple radiographs. The mean age was slightly older in SG ( p < 0.05) and SG patients’ degeneration status of intervertebral discs and facet joints was advanced than UG patients. Fifty-five of 63 patients had high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images in the UG, but only 4 of 31 patients had high signal intensity in the SG ( p < 0.001) and UG patients have more larger facet joint distance than SG patients ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: High signal in facet joints on T2 MR images can be a useful factor suggestive of lumbar instability. Thus, the identification of fluid signal in the facet joints on MRI should raise the suspicion for lumbar instability and prompt additional evaluations such as with stress radiographs.
Violence and migration: evidence from Mexico’s drug war
Authors: Basu Sukanya , Pearlman Sarah 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe effect of violence on people’s residential choice remains a debated topic in the literature on crime and conflict. We examine the case of the drug war in Mexico, which dramatically increased the number of homicides since late 2006. Using data from the Mexican Census and labor force surveys, we estimate the impact of violence on migration at the municipal and state levels. To account for the endogeneity of violence, we use kilometers of federal highways interacted with cocaine supply shocks from Colombia as an instrument for the annual homicide rate. We argue that highways are good measures of pre-existing drug distribution networks, and the interaction with supply shocks arising in Colombia captures the time-variant nature of the value of these routes. After controlling for observed and unobserved area level heterogeneity, we find little evidence that increases in homicides have led to out-migration, at the domestic level. We also find little evidence of international migration at the municipal level, but some evidence of it at the state level. Our results show a muted migration response that is incompatible with a story of wide-scale displacement from the violence.JEL Classification O12, K42, O54, J11
Follow-up in patients with a burn-related emergency department visit: a feasibility study
Authors: Goei H. , Wijnen B. F. M. , Mans S. , de Jongh M. A. C. , van der Vlies C. H. , Polinder S. , van Loey N. E. E. , van Baar M. E. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Data on epidemiology, costs, and outcomes of burn-related injuries presenting at emergency departments (EDs) are scarce. To obtain such information, a questionnaire study with an adequate response rate is imperative. There is evidence that optimized strategies can increase patient participation. However, it is unclear whether this applies to burn patients in an ED setting. The objective of this feasibility study was to optimize and evaluate patient recruitment strategy and follow-up methods in patients with burn injuries presenting at EDs.

Methods
In a prospective cohort study with a 6-month follow-up, patients with burn-related injuries attending two large EDs during a 3-month study period were included. Eligible patients were quasi-randomly allocated to a standard or optimized recruitment strategy by week of the ED visit. The standard recruitment strategy consisted of an invitation letter to participate, an informed consent form, a questionnaire, and a franked return envelope. The optimized recruitment strategy was complemented by a stamped returned envelope, monetary incentive, sending a second copy of the questionnaire, and a reminder by telephone in non-responders. Response rates were calculated, and questionnaires were used to assess treatment, costs, and health-related quality of life.

Results
A total of 87 patients were included of which 85 were eligible for the follow-up study. There was a higher response rate at 2 months in the optimized versus the standard recruitment strategy (43.6% vs. 20.0%; OR = 3.1 (95% CI 1.1–8.8)), although overall response is low. Non-response analyses showed no significant differences in patient, burn injury or treatment characteristics between responders versus non-responders.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that response rates can be increased with an optimized, but more labor-intensive recruitment strategy, although further optimization of recruitment and follow-up is needed. It is feasible to assess epidemiology, treatment, and costs after burn-related ED contacts.
Alcohol and Cancer: A Statement of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
Authors: LoConte Noelle K. , Brewster Abenaa M. , Kaur Judith S. , Merrill Janette K. , Alberg Anthony J. 
Published: November 2017

Alcohol drinking is an established risk factor for several malignancies, and it is a potentially modifiable risk factor for cancer. The Cancer Prevention Committee of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) believes that a proactive stance by the Society to minimize excessive exposure to alcohol has important implications for cancer prevention. In addition, the role of alcohol drinking on outcomes in patients with cancer is in its formative stages, and ASCO can play a key role by generating a research agenda. Also, ASCO could provide needed leadership in the cancer community on this issue. In the issuance of this statement, ASCO joins a growing number of international organizations by establishing a platform to support effective public health strategies in this area. The goals of this statement are to: • Promote public education about the risks between alcohol abuse and certain types of cancer; • Support policy efforts to reduce the risk of cancer through evidence-based strategies that prevent excessive use of alcohol; • Provide education to oncology providers about the influence of excessive alcohol use and cancer risks and treatment complications, including clarification of conflicting evidence; and • Identify areas of needed research regarding the relationship between alcohol use and cancer risk and outcomes.
Perioperative medicine: a new model of care?
Authors: Al-Shammari Lena , Douglas Deborah , Gunaratnam Geetha , Jones Chris 
Published: November 2017

The discipline of perioperative medicine provides a foundation for the consistent delivery of safe and good quality care to surgical patients. Its goals include the identification and optimal care of the high-risk surgical patient, fostering patient-centred decision making throughout the surgical perioperative pathway, and reducing unwarranted variation in practice. In turn, this should reduce preventable complications and improve patient satisfaction, long-term morbidity and survival. This review concludes a series of articles which have described the epidemiology of surgical disease, the growth in the objective means of risk assessment, and novel outcome measures. It describes shortcomings in current practice, and how perioperative care pathways may overcome these. It discusses the growth of enhanced recovery programmes, which exemplify many of the sub-specialty's principles of patient-centred and coordinated care. Reported initiatives to modify local health-care systems, such as the Perioperative Surgical Home, are presented. Consideration is given to how clinicians can use the philosophy and tools of quality improvement methodology, with important current examples. The article concludes by looking at obstacles to change when introducing new frameworks and the future horizons for the discipline.
Promotion & Tenure Reform Workgroup Report
Authors: Ball Cheryl , Barrett Kim , Berkery Peter , Clemons Jessica , Crosby Sheree , Falk-Krzesinski Holly J. , Konkiel Stacy 
Published: November 2017

The remit of the Open Scholarship Initiative 2017 Promotion & Tenure Reform workgroup clearly connected researchers’ personal publishing choices to the oft-traditionalist system of promotion and tenure in the United States, wherein researchers feel compelled to publish in toll access journals or monographs if they wish to achieve tenure, win grants, receive awards, or otherwise advance professionally. Other professional advancement systems worldwide, such as university hiring, contract renewals and government and foundation grantmaking processes similarly reinforce the primacy of toll access research formats. Hiring practices were of concern for our workgroup, given the increasing “adjunctification” and precarious state of tenured university posts in the United States. Due to these parallels, the Reform working group expanded our charge to consider hiring, grants, and other professional advancement scenarios common to researchers’ concerns worldwide.In this report, we unpack how professional advancement practices—including and beyond promotion and tenure review standards—can be realigned to encourage researchers’ adoption of open access (OA), open research, and open educational practices.Here, we set the scope of the current problem, discuss the reasons why professional advancement scenarios should be realigned to reward open research practices, identify challenges to reforming professional advancement scenarios wholesale and worldwide, recommend concrete actions for beginning the reformation process, and share resources related to professional advancement and open access.
Interpreting mood choice effects in L2 and L1 Spanish: empirical evidence and theoretical implications
Authors: Ahern Aoife , Amenós-Pons José , Guijarro-Fuentes Pedro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe rich morphology of Spanish, such as that of tense and verbal mood, encodes a range of features leading to diverse contextual effects on interpretation, some of which are examined in the light of original experimental data in the present study. Specifically, we analyse data on the interpretation of mood in concessive structures by upper-intermediate and advanced learners of L2 Spanish, with L1 French (N=48) and L1 English (N=40), and from an L1 European Spanish control group (N=35). The results of the learner-group interpretation experiment led to a follow-on study enquiring into the understanding of mood alternation in concessive clauses by another group of L1 European Spanish speakers through a metalinguistic interpretation task. Learner group findings suggested a heavier reliance on lexical information and world-knowledge than on grammatical cues, while L1 speakers’ data indicate a default association maintained between subjunctive and irrealis interpretations, leading to a greater measure of variability in describing presuppositional uses of this mood. The native speaker data may reflect challenges posed by representing and describing, using metalinguistic knowledge, structures whose interpretation requires the integration of linguistic, discourse and extralinguistic information. Findings are discussed in relation to current linguistic descriptions and potential contributions of our empirical data.
Trump and the Republican Congress: The Challenges of Governing
Authors: Byers Jason S. , Carson Jamie L. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This essay highlights the challenges faced by the Trump Administration during the first 8 months of his presidency despite unified Republican control of both chambers of Congress. It begins by focusing briefly on the lead-up to the 2016 election before turning to the struggles the administration has faced in enacting policies since inauguration. The essay concludes with a look ahead at the 2018 midterm elections and the implications for the remainder of the Trump presidency.
Performance Analysis of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with and Without Bragg Grating
Authors: Singh Ranjit , Dewra Sanjeev 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The performance of localized surface plasmon resonance-based sensor with and without Bragg grating by using finite difference time domain method is evaluated with nanoparticles used at the tip of optical fiber. The proposed sensor has been analyzed in terms of refractive index (RI) sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It is observed that the RI sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance sensor is 240 nm/RIU with and without grating as RI of surrounding varies from 1.4 to 1.5. It is found that the value of SNR is 0.875 RIU→1 without grating and 2.75 RIU→1 with grating. So there is an improvement in the SNR when the Bragg grating is inscribed within the core of the fiber.
Investigation of Photonic Integrated Circuits with Low-Loss Bragg Gratings
Authors: Kaur Manjinder , Dewra Sanjeev 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe impact of physical parameters of uniform fiber Bragg grating (U-FBG) like grating period, length of grating, and width of grating on the performance of U-FBG fiber by using finite differences time domain (FDTD) based on surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) is evaluated. An FBG is similar to a distributed Bragg reflector created in a small segment of optical fiber that reflects some particular wavelengths of light and transmits the other wavelengths. It is observed that the maximum received optical power at the reflected port achieved is −1.67×10-6 w/m2 with silver (Ag) profile material of U-FBG at 0.1 w/m2 input transmission power and wavelength of 1.55 μm with 0.9 μm grating length and 0.2 μm grating width. The result shows that the received optical power is changing by optimizing the physical parameters of U-FBG.
Plinius exclusus (Ep.7.5)
Authors: Baeza-Angulo Eulogio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article offers a philological commentary on the ‘Calpurnia Cycle’ present within the letters composed by Pliny the Younger, concentrating particularly on the analysis ofEp.7.5. The author behaves like a true elegiac lover and a loving husband, since the letters that he writes to his wife Calpurnia can be set in the context of the elegiac genre, given the lexicon and motifs present in them. Calpurnia is transformed into ascripta puellanot in the sense of a metaphorical figure, but in the sense of ‘literary material’. The aim is to adapt the elegiac motifs to his declared intention of creating a positive image of his persona in the world and for posterity (immortalitas) through theEpistulae. Although Pliny presents himself assimilis excluso amatori, albeit while innovatively setting the scene at midday, his interest is not in the typical elegiac conduct ofmilitiaorservitium amoris, which would run counter to his self-presentation as an active and politically engaged citizen; rather, his theme is the praise of the beloved and reflections upon his own importance as a poet.
Multimodal argumentation: Beyond the verbal/visual divide
Authors: Tseronis Assimakis 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
What would the consequences be for the interpretation and analysis of arguments if we were to accept that communication, within which arguments are produced and interpreted, involves the intricate use of more than just the verbal mode? In this paper, I discuss the shortcomings of the conception of argument as a purely verbal phenomenon and of the mere juxtaposition of the visual argument to the verbal, as suggested in the discourses of the sceptics and the advocates and of “visual” argument, respectively. Instead I propose a multimodal perspective on the analysis of argumentative discourse, according to which there is no a priori division of labor between the verbal and the visual mode, and attention is paid both to the (verbal and visual) content and to the (verbal and visual) style. In this view, argument is neither verbal nor visual, since argument is not to be defined on the basis of the verbal, visual or other semiotic means by which it is realized in communication. As a case in point, I analyze an ad campaign for the promotion of the British newspaper The Guardian in the United States.
Продуктивність та неспецифічна резистентність курчат-бройлерів за дії β-каротину
Authors: Shevchenko L.V. , Yaremchuk O.S. , Mykhalska V.M. 
Published: November 2017

<p>Use in feeding broiler chickens of Vitaton and Vitadeps with and without butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) improves feed intake and water, and has no effect on body weight. The feeding of broiler chickens with mix fodder of Vitaton and BHT in doses that meet and exceed the physiological need of β-carotene calculated for retinol and Vitaton with no OSH in a normal dose of β-carotene did not significantly alter the absolute number of lymphocytes blood and the ratio of their subpopulation responsible for cellular (T-lymphocytes) and humoral (B-lymphocytes) immunity. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils and phagocytic index were not significantly changed in the peripheral blood of broiler chickens at feeding Vitaton as a source of β-carotene with/without BHT. Use of Vitaton without BHT in feeding of broiler chickens at a dose of 0.7 g/kg caused a lymphocytopenia. In chickens of this group we noted a decrease in the total number of lymphocytes in the blood due to decrease of cellular and humoral immunity, namely all subpopulations of T-lymphocytes, including T-helper cells - by 58.3 %, T-suppressors - by 41.0, T-helper cells active - at 43.5, B-lymphocytes by 60.1 %, and 0-lymphocytes – by 40.0 %. This is consistent with the reduction in titer of natural antibodies in their serum by 35.3 %. This phagocytic activity of neutrophils and index of phagocytes in blood of broiler chickens unchanged compared with the control. Use of Vitadeps in feeding broiler chickens at a dose of 5.6 g/kg in mix fodder also caused lymphocytopenia. This was reflected in the decrease of absolute number of blood 0-lymphocytes by 43.4 %, T-suppressors - by 38.7 % and T-helper cells active - by 39.0 %, but their ratio in the blood was like control level. Thus, usage of Vitaton and Vitadeps with/without butylhydroxytoluene in doses that meet the bird demands of β-carotene calculated to vitamin A, ensure the normal functioning of immune organs. Use of Vitaton with BHT as a source of β-carotene for the feeding of broiler chickens at a dose exceeding the normal content of vitamin A by 7 times, does not cause the violations of immunological homeostasis of the poultry. The Vitaton without butylhydroxytoluene and Vitadeps in doses exceeding the normal content of bird β-carotene calculated to vitamin A by 7 times depressing the immunopoesis in broiler chickens.</p>
Infra-generic morphological variations in some Nepeta L. taxa of Iran
Authors: Talebi Seyed Mehdi , Nahooji Majid Ghorbani , Yarmoohammadi Mahbobeh 
Published: November 2017

<p><em>Nepeta</em> L. is one of the most important genera of the <em>Lamiaceae</em> family, which widely distributed all over the word. The members of this genus are use of traditional and modern medicine. <em>Nepeta </em>species growth naturally in various parts of Iran and recent years the number of its species is increasing. In the study, morphological characteristics of twenty four populations of seventeen <em>Nepeta</em> taxa were used for infra-generic classifications, because there were many discussions about infra-generic classification of this genus. For this, forty qualitative as well as quantitative morphological features of both vegetative and reproductive organs were examined. Data were analyses with MVSP and SPSS softwares. ANOVA test showed significant variations for all the studied quantitative traits, with the exception of flower number per cycle. Furthermore, most of qualitative characters such as basal and floral leaf shape and petal color differed between taxa. PCA-biplot and CA joint plot showed that some morphological characters had taxonomic value and were useful in identifications of species. In many cases, clustering of species in the UPGMA tree, PCA and PCO plots did not confirm species placements in groups/ sections according to modern classifications. Furthermore, populations of same species did not cluster closely. It seems that ecological conditions had strong effect on different features of this study and high infra-specific variations were found among the studied species. </p>