bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1–2.4 μm Near-IR Spectrum of the Giant Planet β Pictoris b Obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager
Authors: Chilcote Jeffrey , Pueyo Laurent , Rosa Robert J. De , Vargas Jeffrey , Macintosh Bruce , Bailey Vanessa P. , Barman Travis , Bauman Brian , Bruzzone Sebastian , Bulger Joanna , Burrows Adam S. , Cardwell Andrew , Chen Christine H. , Cotten Tara , Dillon Daren , Doyon Rene , Draper Zachary H. , Duchêne Gaspard , Dunn Jennifer , Erikson Darren , Fitzgerald Michael P. , Follette Katherine B. , Gavel Donald , Goodsell Stephen J. , Graham James R. , Greenbaum Alexandra Z. , Hartung Markus , Hibon Pascale , Hung Li-Wei , Ingraham Patrick , Kalas Paul , Konopacky Quinn , Larkin James E. , Maire Jérôme , Marchis Franck , Marley Mark S. , Marois Christian , Metchev Stanimir , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell A. , Morzinski Katie M. , Nielsen Eric L. , Norton Andrew , Oppenheimer Rebecca , Palmer David , Patience Jennifer , Perrin Marshall , Poyneer Lisa , Rajan Abhijith , Rameau Julien , Rantakyrö Fredrik T. , Sadakuni Naru , Saddlemyer Leslie , Savransky Dmitry , Schneider Adam C. , Serio Andrew , Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Song Inseok , Soummer Remi , Thomas Sandrine , Wallace J. Kent , Wang Jason J. , Ward-Duong Kimberly , Wiktorowicz Sloane , Wolff Schuyler 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Using the Gemini Planet Imager located at Gemini South, we measured the near-infrared (1.0–2.4 μm) spectrum of the planetary companion to the nearby, young star β Pictoris. We compare the spectrum obtained with currently published model grids and with known substellar objects and present the best matching models as well as the best matching observed objects. Comparing the empirical measurement of the bolometric luminosity to evolutionary models, we find a mass of 12.9 ± 0.2

, an effective temperature of 1724 ± 15 K, a radius of 1.46 ± 0.01

, and a surface gravity of

[dex] (cgs). The stated uncertainties are statistical errors only, and do not incorporate any uncertainty on the evolutionary models. Using atmospheric models, we find an effective temperature of 1700–1800 K and a surface gravity of

–4.0 [dex] depending upon the model. These values agree well with other publications and with “hot-start” predictions from planetary evolution models. Further, we find that the spectrum of β Pic b best matches a low surface gravity L2 ± 1 brown dwarf. Finally, comparing the spectrum to field brown dwarfs, we find the the spectrum best matches 2MASS J04062677–381210 and 2MASS J03552337+1133437.
Experimental evidence of the rear capture of aerosol particles by raindrops
Authors: Lemaitre Pascal , Querel Arnaud , Monier Marie , Menard Thibault , Porcheron Emmanuel , Flossmann Andrea I. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. This article presents new measurements of the efficiency with which aerosol particles of accumulation mode size are collected by a 1.25 mm sized raindrop. These laboratory measurements provide the link to reconcile the scavenging coefficients obtained from theoretical approaches with those from experimental studies. We provide here experimental proof of the rear capture mechanism in the flow around drops, which has a fundamental effect on submicroscopic particles. These experiments thus confirm the efficiencies theoretically simulated by Beard (1974). Finally, we propose a semi-analytical expression to take into account this essential mechanism to calculate the collection efficiency for drops within the rain size range.
Measuring FeO variation using astronomical spectroscopic observations
Authors: Unterguggenberger Stefanie , Noll Stefan , Feng Wuhu , Plane John M. C. , Kausch Wolfgang , Kimeswenger Stefan , Jones Amy , Moehler Sabine 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Airglow emission lines of OH, O2, O and Na are commonly used to probe the MLT (mesosphere–lower thermosphere) region of the atmosphere. Furthermore, molecules like electronically excited NO, NiO and FeO emit a (pseudo-) continuum. These continua are harder to investigate than atomic emission lines. So far, limb-sounding from space and a small number of ground-based low-to-medium resolution spectra have been used to measure FeO emission in the MLT. In this study the medium-to-high resolution echelle spectrograph X-shooter at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in the Chilean Atacama Desert (24°37′ S, 70°24′ W; 2635 m) is used to study the FeO pseudo-continuum in the range from 0.5 to 0.72 µm based on 3662 spectra. Variations of the FeO spectrum itself, as well as the diurnal and seasonal behaviour of the FeO and Na emission intensities, are reported. These airglow emissions are linked by their common origin, meteoric ablation, and they share O3 as a common reactant. Major differences are found in the main emission peak of the FeO airglow spectrum between 0.58 and 0.61 µm, compared with a theoretical spectrum. The FeO and Na airglow intensities exhibit a similar nocturnal variation and a semi-annual seasonal variation with equinoctial maxima. This is satisfactorily reproduced by a whole atmosphere chemistry climate model, if the quantum yields for the reactions of Fe and Na with O3 are 13 ± 3 and 11 ± 2 % respectively. However, a comparison between the modelled O3 in the upper mesosphere and measurements of O3 made with the SABER satellite instrument suggests that these quantum yields may be a factor of ∼ 2 smaller.
Magnetic reconnection during steady magnetospheric convection and other magnetospheric modes
Authors: Hubert Benoit , Gérard Jean-Claude , Milan Steve E. , Cowley Stanley W. H. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. We use remote sensing of the proton aurora with the IMAGE-FUV SI12 (Imager for Magnetopause to Aurora Global Exploration–Far Ultraviolet–Spectrographic Imaging at 121.8 nm) instrument and radar measurements of the ionospheric convection from the SuperDARN (Super Dual Aurora Radar Network) facility to estimate the open magnetic flux in the Earth's magnetosphere and the reconnection rates at the dayside magnetopause and in the magnetotail during intervals of steady magnetospheric convection (SMC). We find that SMC intervals occur with relatively high open magnetic flux (average  ∼  0.745 GWb, standard deviation  ∼  0.16 GWb), which is often found to be nearly steady, when the magnetic flux opening and closure rates approximately balance around 55 kV on average, with a standard deviation of 21 kV. We find that the residence timescale of open magnetic flux, defined as the ratio between the open magnetospheric flux and the flux closure rate, is roughly 4 h during SMCs. Interestingly, this number is approximately what can be deduced from the discussion of the length of the tail published by Dungey (1965), assuming a solar wind speed of  ∼  450 km s−1. We also infer an enhanced convection velocity in the tail, driving open magnetic flux to the nightside reconnection site. We compare our results with previously published studies in order to identify different magnetospheric modes. These are ordered by increasing open magnetic flux and reconnection rate as quiet conditions, SMCs, substorms (with an important overlap between these last two) and sawtooth intervals.
A site-level comparison of lysimeter and eddy covariance flux measurements of evapotranspiration
Authors: Hirschi Martin , Michel Dominik , Lehner Irene , Seneviratne Sonia I. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Accurate measurements of evapotranspiration are required for many meteorological, climatological, ecological, and hydrological research applications and developments. Here we examine and compare two well-established methods to determine evapotranspiration at the site level: lysimeter-based measurements (EL) and eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements (EEC). The analyses are based on parallel measurements carried out with these two methods at the research catchment Rietholzbach in northeastern Switzerland, and cover the time period of June 2009 to December 2015. The measurements are compared on various timescales, and with respect to a 40-year lysimeter-based evapotranspiration time series. Overall, the lysimeter and EC measurements agree well, especially on the annual timescale. On that timescale, the long-term lysimeter measurements also correspond well with catchment water-balance estimates of evapotranspiration. This highlights the representativeness of the site-level lysimeter and EC measurements for the entire catchment despite their comparatively small source areas and the heterogeneous land use and topography within the catchment. Furthermore, we identify that lack of reliable EC measurements using open-path gas analyzers during and following precipitation events (due to limitations of the measurement technique under these conditions) significantly contributes to an underestimation of EEC and to the overall energy balance gap at the site.
Immanent Critique as Self-Transformative Practice: Hegel, Dewey, and Contemporary Critical Theory
Authors: Särkelä Arvi 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
There are two traditions of immanent social critique. One of them, prominent in contemporary Frankfurt school critical theory, regards the immanence of critique as a quality of the standard employed. Such a conception of immanent critique needs to show, prior to the concrete practice of critique, how the standard is immanent in the object of critique. Showing this is the task of a “model of immanent critique.” The other tradition, going back to Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit and practiced in particular by Dewey in his later works, regards the immanence of critique as the form of critical practice itself. Because such a conception of immanent critique does not, at the outset, ask how the standard is immanent to its object, it also does not need a model licensing critical practice. Indeed, it must be inherently hostile to any attempt at modeling immanent critique because the immanence lies in the power of critical practice to transform any models it applies.
Dewey's Critical Conception of Work
Authors: Renault Emmanuel 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Dewey's critical conception of work deserves consideration because it combines two types of models of social critique that are usually considered separately in contemporary Dewey scholarship. In the syllabus Social Institutions and the Study of Morals, Dewey contends that the valuation of social settings should be grounded on criteria immanent to social experience, and he applies his model of immanent critique to work-related issues. In his philosophy of education, he highlights that institutional settings should be valued from the point of view of their formative effects, and in Democracy and Education, the formative effects of work are put to the fore. The case of work illustrates the fact that specific institutional settings require that immanent critique be complemented by critique of the formative effects. The psychological and social centrality of work implies that the problems met in the social experience of work produce effects that concern not only the social experience of work but also life outside of work. Therefore, these effects cannot be accurately tackled by an immanent critique of work.
De prijs van openheid: een inleiding tot het themanummer informatieveiligheid
Authors: van der Voort Haiko , Kisteman Wouter , Wesseling Henk 
Published: March 2017

The price of openness: An introduction to the special issue on Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity is daily news. Data leaks and hackers are common features in the media. We tend to look to the government when things go wrong: what is the government doing about it? In this special issue we also look to the government and ask ourselves whether we are ready for the challenges of cybersecurity. Asking this question is simple. Answering it, however, requires sophisticated knowledge. This includes knowledge about the technology of today and the future. It also includes knowledge about governance. Who should be prepared in the age of distributed responsibilities? Which public and private parties can enhance cybersecurity, including you and me? Finally, what is does ‘being prepared’ mean exactly? This special issue includes three academic articles, five interviews and a column. Cybersecurity is viewed from different academic perspectives and professional positions. In its entirety, this special issue provides state-of-the-art of academic and professional thinking on government cybersecurity.
A comparison of least squares regression and geographically weighted regression modeling of West Nile virus risk based on environmental parameters
Authors: Kala Abhishek K. , Tiwari Chetan , Mikler Armin R. , Atkinson Samuel F. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe primary aim of the study reported here was to determine the effectiveness of utilizing local spatial variations in environmental data to uncover the statistical relationships between West Nile Virus (WNV) risk and environmental factors. Because least squares regression methods do not account for spatial autocorrelation and non-stationarity of the type of spatial data analyzed for studies that explore the relationship between WNV and environmental determinants, we hypothesized that a geographically weighted regression model would help us better understand how environmental factors are related to WNV risk patterns without the confounding effects of spatial non-stationarity.MethodsWe examined commonly mapped environmental factors using both ordinary least squares regression (LSR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR). Both types of models were applied to examine the relationship between WNV-infected dead bird counts and various environmental factors for those locations. The goal was to determine which approach yielded a better predictive model.ResultsLSR efforts lead to identifying three environmental variables that were statistically significantly related to WNV infected dead birds (adjustedR2 = 0.61): stream density, road density, and land surface temperature. GWR efforts increased the explanatory value of these three environmental variables with better spatial precision (adjustedR2 = 0.71).ConclusionsThe spatial granularity resulting from the geographically weighted approach provides a better understanding of how environmental spatial heterogeneity is related to WNV risk as implied by WNV infected dead birds, which should allow improved planning of public health management strategies.
Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Failure
Authors: Flythe Jennifer E. , Watnick Suzanne 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceMore than 3.5 million people worldwide and 540 000 individuals in the US receive maintenance hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of chronic kidney failure. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 40% after initiation of maintenance dialysis.ObservationsHemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis remove metabolic waste and excess body water and rebalance electrolytes to sustain life. There is no recommended estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) threshold for initiating dialysis, and patient-clinician shared decision-making should help determine when to initiate dialysis. Persistent signs and symptoms of uremia (eg, nausea, fatigue) and volume overload (eg, dyspnea, peripheral edema), worsening eGFR, metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia inform the timing of therapy initiation. A randomized clinical trial reported no mortality benefit to starting dialysis at higher eGFR (10-14 mL/min/1.73 m2) vs lower eGFR (5-7 mL/min/1.73 m2) levels. Observational data suggested no differences in 5-year mortality with use of hemodialysis vs peritoneal dialysis. Cardiovascular (eg, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest) and infection-related complications of maintenance dialysis are common. In the US, hemodialysis catheter–related bloodstream infections occur at a rate of 1.1 to 5.5 episodes per 1000 catheter-days and affect approximately 50% of patients within 6 months of catheter placement. Peritonitis occurs at a rate of 0.26 episodes per patient-year and affects about 30% of individuals in the first year of peritoneal dialysis therapy. Chronic kidney failure–related systemic complications, such as anemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and hypertension, often require pharmacologic treatment. Hypotension during dialysis, refractory symptoms (eg, muscle cramps, itching), and malfunction of dialysis access can interfere with delivery of dialysis.Conclusions and RelevanceIn 2021, more than 540 000 patients in the US received maintenance hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for treatment of chronic kidney failure. Five-year survival rate after initiation of maintenance dialysis is approximately 40%, and the mortality rate is similar with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Decisions about dialysis initiation timing and modality are influenced by patient symptoms, laboratory trajectories, patient preferences, and therapy cost and availability and should include shared decision-making.
Global Impact of Optimal Implementation of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy in Heart Failure
Authors: Tang Amber B. , Ziaeian Boback , Butler Javed , Yancy Clyde W. , Fonarow Gregg C. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceGuideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) remains underutilized on a global level, with significant disparities in access to treatment worldwide. The potential global benefits of quadruple therapy on patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have not yet been estimated.ObjectiveTo assess the projected population-level benefit of optimal GDMT use globally among patients with HFrEF.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsEstimates for HFrEF prevalence, contraindications to GDMT, treatment rates, and the number needed to treat for all-cause mortality at 12 months were derived from previously published sources. Potential lives saved from optimal implementation of quadruple therapy among patients with HFrEF was calculated globally and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to account for uncertainty in the existing data.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAll-cause mortality.ResultsOf an estimated 28.89 million people with HFrEF worldwide, there were 8 235 063 (95% CI, 6 296 020-10 762 972) potentially eligible for but not receiving β-blockers, 20 387 000 (95% CI, 15 867 004-26 184 996) eligible for but not receiving angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors, 12 223 700 (95% CI, 9 376 895-15 924 973) eligible for but not receiving mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and 21 229 170 (95% CI, 16 537 400-27 242 688) eligible for but not receiving sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Optimal implementation of quadruple GDMT could potentially prevent 1 188 277 (95% CI, 767 933-1 914 561) deaths over 12 months. A large proportion of deaths averted were projected in Southeast Asia, Eastern Mediterranean and Africa, and the Western Pacific regions.Conclusions and RelevanceImprovement in use of GDMT could result in substantial mortality benefits on a global scale. Significant heterogeneity also exists across regions, which warrants additional study with interventions tailored to country-level differences for optimization of GDMT worldwide.
Incidence, In-Hospital and Long-Term Mortality, and Sequelae of Epidermal Necrolysis in Adults
Authors: Bettuzzi Thomas , Lebrun-Vignes Bénédicte , Ingen-Housz-Oro Saskia , Sbidian Emilie 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceThe incidence of epidermal necrolysis (EN), including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), varies across studies. While in-hospital mortality rates range from 15% to 20%, contributors to long-term mortality have been rarely evaluated and remain unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the incidence of and compare factors associated with in-hospital mortality and postdischarge mortality and sequelae among patients with EN.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used French Health System data from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2022, and included all adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with EN identified using International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes combined with a validated algorithm.ExposureEpidermal necrolysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncidence, in-hospital mortality, postdischarge mortality, and sequelae were assessed as main outcomes. Factors associated with mortality were assessed using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsA total of 1221 adult patients with EN (median [IQR] age, 66 [49-79] years; 688 females [56.3%]) were included. Incidence was 2.6 (95% CI, 2.5-2.7) cases per million person-years. The in-hospital mortality rate was 19% (95% CI, 17%-21%) and postdischarge mortality rate, 15% (95% CI, 13%-17%) for an overall mortality of 34% (95% CI, 31%-36%). In multivariable analysis, factors associated with in-hospital mortality were age (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.03 per year of age; 95% CI, 1.02-1.04 per year of age), history of cancer (AHR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.53-2.72), dementia (AHR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.12-3.07), liver disease (AHR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.24-2.64), and EN severity (TEN vs SJS: AHR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.49-3.07). Cancer, liver disease, and dementia remained associated with postdischarge mortality (AHR, 3.26 [95% CI, 2.35-4.53], 1.86 [95% CI, 1.11-3.13], and 1.95 [95% CI, 1.11-3.43], respectively). Conversely, EN initial severity was not associated with mortality after hospital discharge (TEN vs SJS: AHR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.60-1.47), but acute complications remained associated (AHR, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.26-3.63] and 2.44 [95% CI, 1.42-4.18] for acute kidney injury and sepsis, respectively). The main sequelae were ophthalmologic and mood disorders.ConclusionThe findings of this cohort study suggest that although EN is a rare condition, it is associated with high rates of in-hospital and postdischarge mortality among patients who are older and have comorbid conditions. However, in contrast with in-hospital mortality, postdischarge mortality is not associated with EN initial severity but with acute in-hospital complications (eg, acute kidney injury and sepsis). Future studies are needed to construct models to estimate long-term outcomes and sequelae in patients with EN.
Gradual Optimization of Molecular Aggregation and Stacking Enables Over 19% Efficiency in Binary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Qin Jianqiang , Wu Linze , Huang Sihao , Ou Zeping , Wang Xiaowu , Yang Yingguo , Zheng Yujie , Sun Kuan , Zhang Zeyu , Hu Zhiping , Liu Zhengzheng , Leng Yuxin , Du Juan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVolatile solid additive is an effective and simple strategy for morphology control in organic solar cells (OSCs). The development of environmentally friendly new additives which can also be easily removed without high‐temperature thermal annealing treatment is currently a trend, and the working mechanism needs to be further studied. Herein, a highly volatile and non‐halogenated solid additive 1‐benzothiophene (BBT) is reported to regulate molecular aggregation and stacking of active layer components. According to the film‐forming kinetics process, a momentary intermediate phase is formed during spin‐coating, which slows down the film‐forming process and leads to more ordered molecular stacking in the solid film after introducing solid additive BBT. Subsequently, after solvent vapor annealing (SVA) further treatment, the resultant blend films exhibit a tighter and more ordered molecular stacking. Consequently, the synergistic effect of solid additive BBT and SVA treatment can effectively control morphology of active layer and improve carrier transport characteristics, thereby enhancing the performance of OSCs. Finally, in D18‐Cl:N3 system, an impressive power conversion efficiency of 19.53% is achieved. The work demonstrates that the combination of highly volatile solid additives and SVA treatment is an effective morphology control strategy, guiding the development of efficient OSCs.