bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The imperiled fish fauna in the Nicaragua Canal zone
Authors: Härer Andreas , Torres‐Dowdall Julián , Meyer Axel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLarge‐scale infrastructure projects commonly have large effects on the environment. The planned construction of the Nicaragua Canal will irreversibly alter the aquatic environment of Nicaragua in many ways. Two distinct drainage basins (San Juan and Punta Gorda) will be connected and numerous ecosystems will be altered. Considering the project's far‐reaching environmental effects, too few studies on biodiversity have been performed to date. This limits provision of robust environmental impact assessments. We explored the geographic distribution of taxonomic and genetic diversity of freshwater fish species (Poecilia spp., Amatitlania siquia, Hypsophrys nematopus, Brycon guatemalensis, and Roeboides bouchellei) across the Nicaragua Canal zone. We collected population samples in affected areas (San Juan, Punta Gorda, and Escondido drainage basins), investigated species composition of 2 drainage basins and performed genetic analyses (genetic diversity, analysis of molecular variance) based on mitochondrial cytb. Freshwater fish faunas differed substantially between drainage basins (Jaccard similarity = 0.33). Most populations from distinct drainage basins were genetically differentiated. Removing the geographic barrier between these basins will promote biotic homogenization and the loss of unique genetic diversity. We found species in areas where they were not known to exist, including an undescribed, highly distinct clade of live bearing fish (Poecilia). Our results indicate that the Nicaragua Canal likely will have strong impacts on Nicaragua's freshwater biodiversity. However, knowledge about the extent of these impacts is lacking, which highlights the need for more thorough investigations before the environment is altered irreversibly.
Is the assessment of submucosal invasion still useful in the management of early rectal cancer? A study of 91 consecutive patients
Authors: Debove C. , Svrcek M. , Dumont S. , Chafai N. , Tiret E. , Parc Y. , Lefèvre J. H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe only studies on the prognosis of T1 tumours are old and investigate colic and rectal cancers. Very few studies use Kikuchi's classification (of dividing submucosa into three strata) to evaluate the depth of the submucosal invasion. This study aimed to assess the pathological risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM), and the pathological and oncological results of patients with early rectal cancer (ERC, pT1 tumour).MethodBetween 2000 and 2014, 91 consecutive patients undergoing surgery [primary total mesorectal excision (TME) or local excision (LE) alone, or LE followed by TME] for ERC were included.ResultsEighteen patients underwent LE, 22 underwent LE followed by TME and 51 underwent primary total TME. After TME (n = 73), 16 (23%) patients had LNM. The LNM rate was 15% for Sm1 tumours, 14% for Sm2 tumours and 30% for Sm3 tumours. In multivariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.027) and high tumour budding (P = 0.037) were the only independent factors predictive of LNM. The depth of submucosal invasion was not associated with an increased risk of LNM. After a mean follow up of 56 ± 46 months, 5‐year overall survival, specific survival and disease‐free survival were, respectively, 82%, 93% and 75%. No significant difference of survival was found according to the depth of submucosal invasion or to the surgical management.ConclusionHistological features seem to be stronger risk factors for LNM than depth of submucosal invasion. Considering the LNM rate, TME should be discussed after LE in terms of one of these pathological criteria.
The influence of obesity and body mass index on the outcome of laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a systematic literature review
Authors: Hotouras A. , Ribas Y. , Zakeri S. A. , Nunes Q. M. , Murphy J. , Bhan C. , Wexner S. D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe relationship between obesity, body mass index (BMI) and laparoscopic colorectal resection is unclear. Our object was to assess systematically the available evidence to establish the influence of obesity and BMI on the outcome of laparoscopic colorectal resection.MethodA search of PubMed/Medline databases was performed in May 2015 to identify all studies investigating the impact of BMI and obesity on elective laparoscopic colorectal resection performed for benign or malignant bowel disease. Clinical end‐points examined included operation time, conversion rate to open surgery, postoperative complications including anastomotic leakage, length of hospital stay, readmission rate, reoperation rate and mortality. For patients who underwent an operation for cancer, the harvested number of lymph nodes and long‐term oncological data were also examined.ResultsForty‐five studies were analysed, the majority of which were level IV with only four level III (Oxford Centre for Evidence‐based Medicine 2011) case‐controlled studies. Thirty comparative studies containing 23 649 patients including 17 895 non‐obese and 5754 obese showed no significant differences between the two groups with respect to intra‐operative blood loss, overall postoperative morbidity, anastomotic leakage, reoperation rate, mortality and the number of retrieved lymph nodes in patients operated on for malignancy. Most studies, including 15 non‐comparative studies, reported a longer operation time in patients who underwent a laparoscopic procedure with the BMI being an independent predictor in multivariate analyses for the operation time.ConclusionLaparoscopic colorectal resection is safe and technically and oncologically feasible in obese patients. These results, however, may vary outside of high volume centres of expertise.
Design, execution, and analysis of pooled in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 screens
Authors: Miles Linde A. , Garippa Ralph J. , Poirier John T. 
Published: June 2016

The recently described clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology has proven to be an exquisitely powerful and invaluable method of genetic manipulation and/or modification. As such, many researchers have realized the potential of using the CRISPR/Cas9 system as a novel screening method for the identification of important proteins in biological processes and have designed short guide RNA libraries for an in vitro screening. The seminal papers describing these libraries offer valuable information regarding methods for generating the short guide RNA libraries, creating cell lines containing these libraries, and specific details regarding the screening workflow. However, certain considerations are often overlooked that may be important when planning and performing a screen, including which CRISPR library to use and how to best analyze the resulting screen data. In this review, we offer suggestions to answer some of these questions that are not covered as deeply in the papers describing the available CRISPR libraries for an in vitro screening.
Fatigue tests of notched specimens made from butt joints at steel
Authors: Fischer C. , Fricke W. , Rizzo C. M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe weld toe as well as the weld root of joints acts as a geometrical notch, which decreases the fatigue strength of welded components. Local approaches used for fatigue assessment account for the local stress concentration when referring to the notch stress as a fatigue parameter. This applies also to the approaches based on the notch stress intensity factor like, for example, the averaged strain energy density, neglecting the actual notch radius and considering a sharp notch as a simplification. A uniform S‐N curve valid for different types of welded joints and failure locations was derived from re‐analyses of fatigue test results as documented in literature. The fatigue tests described in this paper aimed at validating that energy‐based S‐N curve by dedicated tests on artificially notched specimens. At first, four parameters were investigated in order to estimate their influence on the fatigue strength and to select appropriate notch geometries for the final step of the test campaign. The advantages of these tests are that both the exact notch geometry and the local stress range at the notch, including misalignment effects, were identified and considered in experimental data analysis. This paper presents the results of the rather comprehensive testing activities and comparisons with the design‐S‐N curve mentioned, yielding unexpected fatigue behaviour. This can be explained by the short crack propagation life.
Perceived Influence of Cooperating Teachers on edTPA Performance
Authors: Behney Jennifer 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Education Teaching Performance Assessment (edTPA) is a performance assessment of teacher effectiveness that is increasingly used to make decisions about licensure for teacher candidates, including candidates seeking certification in world languages. Because of the high‐stakes nature of this assessment, it is important to isolate and better understand the factors that may have an effect on teacher candidates' scores. This mixed‐methods study examined the results of a survey of 22 recent teacher candidates who completed the edTPA and of participant interviews with 13 of those candidates. Candidates' interview data were triangulated with data obtained from interviews with six cooperating teachers (CTs), survey data from seven CTs, and teacher candidates' scores on the edTPA. Teacher candidates perceived that aspects of their placement, including the amount of guidance provided by their CT, had an impact on their edTPA performance, particularly in the areas of target language use and communicative vs. grammar‐based approaches.
Elevated CO2 and temperature increase soil C losses from a soybean–maize ecosystem
Authors: Black Christopher K. , Davis Sarah C. , Hudiburg Tara W. , Bernacchi Carl J. , DeLucia Evan H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWarming temperatures and increasing CO2 are likely to have large effects on the amount of carbon stored in soil, but predictions of these effects are poorly constrained. We elevated temperature (canopy: +2.8 °C; soil growing season: +1.8 °C; soil fallow: +2.3 °C) for 3 years within the 9th–11th years of an elevated CO2 (+200 ppm) experiment on a maize–soybean agroecosystem, measured respiration by roots and soil microbes, and then used a process‐based ecosystem model (DayCent) to simulate the decadal effects of warming and CO2 enrichment on soil C. Both heating and elevated CO2 increased respiration from soil microbes by ~20%, but heating reduced respiration from roots and rhizosphere by ~25%. The effects were additive, with no heat × CO2 interactions. Particulate organic matter and total soil C declined over time in all treatments and were lower in elevated CO2 plots than in ambient plots, but did not differ between heat treatments. We speculate that these declines indicate a priming effect, with increased C inputs under elevated CO2 fueling a loss of old soil carbon. Model simulations of heated plots agreed with our observations and predicted loss of ~15% of soil organic C after 100 years of heating, but simulations of elevated CO2 failed to predict the observed C losses and instead predicted a ~4% gain in soil organic C under any heating conditions. Despite model uncertainty, our empirical results suggest that combined, elevated CO2 and temperature will lead to long‐term declines in the amount of carbon stored in agricultural soils.
Spherical cap surface model: A novel method for predicting renal function after partial nephrectomy
Authors: Ding Yizong , Kong Wen , Zhang Jin , Dong Baijun , Chen Yonghui , Xue Wei , Liu Dongming , Huang Yiran 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo estimate the percent functional volume preservation from preoperative images using a novel method, the spherical cap surface model, and to investigate whether this model can preoperatively predict renal function after partial nephrectomy.MethodsA total of 233 patients with renal cell carcinoma who underwent open or laparoscopic partial nephrectomy between January 2011 and December 2013 were included in the present study. The spherical cap surface model was used to calculate the estimated percent functional volume preservation on preoperative computed tomography, and the estimated percent functional volume preservation was multiplied by the preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate to predict the postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate. The occurrence of acute kidney injury also served as an outcome. Univariate and multivariate linear regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to test the model.ResultsThe estimated percent functional volume preservation calculated by the novel model was significantly associated with both nadir percent estimated glomerular filtration rate preservation and late percent estimated glomerular filtration rate preservation in the multivariate analysis (the P‐values were 0.021 and 0.043, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for predicting acute kidney injury after partial nephrectomy showed that volume preservation (P < 0.001) and warm ischemia time (P = 0.040) were both significant. Regarding the ability to predict a significant decrease in late renal function after partial nephrectomy, only volume preservation (P = 0.044) was significant.ConclusionsPreservation of functional volume is the primary determinant of functional outcomes after partial nephrectomy. The spherical cap surface model seems to represent a promising tool to predict nadir and late postoperative renal function in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy.
Pudendal neuralgia after pelvic surgery using mesh: Case reports and laparoscopic pudendal nerve decompression
Authors: Sancak Eyup Burak , Avci Egemen , Erdogru Tibet 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPersistent pain after vaginal mesh surgery is a rare and agonizing entity that has devastating consequences for the patient's quality of life. Many etiologies have been blamed including nerve injuries and entrapments. Pudendal neuralgia is a rare chronic neuropathic pain syndrome in the anatomical territory of the pudendal nerve. Various treatment options, such as medication management, physiotherapy, nerve blocks, decompression surgery and neuromodulation, have been used, but the most appropriate treatment for pudendal neuralgia has not yet been determined. In this article, we present two cases of postoperative pelvic pain thought to be secondary to injury or mechanical distortion of the pudendal nerve after rectocele repair using mesh and tension‐free vaginal tape sling. In cases of failed conservative treatment and of mesh removal surgery, laparoscopic pudendal nerve decompression and omental flap wrapping operation can be a treatment option for pudendal neuralgia.
Vehicle routing and resource distribution in postdisaster humanitarian relief operations
Authors: Al Theeb Nader , Murray Chase 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAfter a disaster, supplies must be efficiently and equitably distributed to those in need, wounded persons must be evacuated to triage centers, and relief workers must be transported to affected areas. This complex humanitarian relief problem requires the coordination of numerous vehicles of varying capacities to transport goods, disaster victims, and volunteer workers through a network of roads, some of which may be impassable. To address this problem, a detailed mathematical programming model is presented. Owing to the complexity of this formulation, only small‐scale problem instances may be solved optimally via commercial solver software. Therefore, a new heuristic approach is proposed to solve problems of practical size within acceptable time restrictions. The performance of the heuristic is evaluated for numerous representative test instances.
Morphological and Molecular Identification of the New Species,Trichodina pseudoheterodentatasp. n. (Ciliophora, Mobilida, Trichodinidae) from the Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus, in Chongqing China
Authors: Tang Fahui , Zhang Yong , Zhao Yuanjun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIt is difficult to differentiate similar trichodinids solely based on morphological examination, thus other identification methods, such as molecular identification, are necessary for identification. One mobilid ciliate namedTrichodina pseudoheterodentatasp. n. was isolated from the gills of channel catfish,Ictalurus punctatus, in Chongqing, China. In the present study, itsSSU rDNAwas sequenced for the first time. Based on the results from both morphological identification andSSU rDNAsequencing, the new species was identified and compared with similar species. The morphological analysis revealed thatT. pseudoheterodentatais a largeTrichodinaspecies (cell diameter 73.0–82.5 μm) and possesses robust denticles with broad blades and well‐developed blade connections. Characterization of its primary and secondarySSU rDNAstructures indicated thatT. pseudoheterodentatawas distinctly different from congeneric species in H12, H15, E10_1, and V4 regions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the genetic distances among the new species and similar species reached interspecific levels, furthermore, the phylogenetic study also validated the identification ofT. pseudoheterodentataand its placement in the genusTrichodina.
“We are what our bacteria eat”: The role of bacteria in personalizing nutrition therapy in gastrointestinal conditions
Authors: Harvie Ruth , Walmsley Russell , Schultz Michael ,   on behalf of the New Zealand Society of Gastroenterology
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe theme for the 2016 World Digestive Health Day is “Your Diet and Gut Health”. The World Gastroenterology Organization thereby wishes to raise awareness of the relationship between what we eat and gastrointestinal symptoms. World Digestive Health Day (WDHD) is celebrated each year on May 29. This brief review article on behalf of the New Zealand Society of Gastroenterology will highlight recent developments in this highly active area of research with a special emphasis on gastrointestinal disorders.
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Zhang MingMing , Li YanQing 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders are a series of diseases that include eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastritis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, eosinophilic enteritis, and eosinophilic colitis. Among these disorders, eosinophilic gastroenteritis is an uncommon and heterogeneous disease characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract in the absence of secondary causes, presenting with a variety of gastrointestinal manifestations. Up to now, epidemiology and pathophysiology of eosinophilic gastroenteritis are still unclear. Based on clinical manifestations and depth of eosinophilic infiltration into the gastrointestinal tract wall, eosinophilic gastroenteritis is classified into three different patterns including predominantly mucosal pattern, predominantly muscular pattern, and predominantly serosal pattern. For diagnosing eosinophilic gastroenteritis, it is necessary for clinicians to have a high degree of clinical suspicion. In addition to the gastrointestinal symptoms, other evidences such as laboratory results, radiological findings and endoscopy can also provide important diagnostic evidences for eosinophilic gastroenteritis. And these indirect pieces of information together with histological results will lead to a definitive diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. To avoid specific allergen, dietary treatments can be considered as initial treatment strategy before drug treatment. Corticosteroids are the main medication for eosinophilic gastroenteritis and have a dramatic therapeutic efficacy. Yet other medications need to further verify their effects in clinical practice, and surgery should be avoided as far as possible.
The mitochondrial kinase PINK1: functions beyond mitophagy
Authors: Voigt Aaron , Berlemann Lena A. , Winklhofer Konstanze F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMutations in the genes encoding the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin cause autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). Pioneering work in Drosophila melanogaster revealed that the loss of PINK1 or Parkin function causes similar phenotypes including dysfunctional mitochondria. Further research showed that PINK1 can act upstream of Parkin in a mitochondrial quality control pathway to induce removal of damaged mitochondria in a process called mitophagy. Albeit the PINK1/Parkin‐induced mitophagy pathway is well established and has recently been elucidated in great detail, its pathophysiological relevance is being debated. Mounting evidence indicates that PINK1 has additional functions, for example, in regulating complex I activity and maintaining neuronal viability in response to stress. Here, we discuss mitophagy‐dependent and ‐independent functions of PINK1 and their possible role in PD pathogenesis.
imageMutations in the PINK1 gene, encoding a mitochondrial kinase, are associated with autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease. In this review, we summarize and discuss the functional roles of PINK1 in maintaining mitochondrial integrity, eliminating damaged mitochondria, and promoting cell survival.
This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.
The effects of intravenous lidocaine before propofol induction in premedicated dogs
Authors: Cerasoli I. , Nannarone S. , Schauvliege S. , Duchateau L. , Bufalari A. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVEThe effects of lidocaine, administered before induction of anaesthesia with propofol, on arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, cough reflex, ease of intubation, extrapyramidal signs and required dose of propofol in healthy premedicated dogs were evaluated.METHODSTwenty‐four client‐owned dogs were premedicated intramuscularly with 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine and 0·2 mg/kg methadone, and randomly allocated to receive 2 mg/kg lidocaine (group L) or saline (group P) 120 seconds before induction of anaesthesia with propofol. Heart rate, non‐invasive arterial blood pressure and respiratory rate were assessed at pre‐established intervals. Quality of intubation, cough reflex and the occurrence of adverse effects were scored according to predefined scales. The total amount of propofol administered was also recorded.RESULTSCardiovascular and respiratory variables changed over time but were not significantly different between treatments. No significant differences between groups were found for the incidence of coughing, quality of intubation, adverse effects and propofol intubation dose.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIntravenous administration of lidocaine 2 mg/kg before propofol induction was not associated with significant cardiovascular and respiratory benefits compared to standard induction and did not result in a propofol dose‐sparing effect or improvement of the quality of intubation in dogs premedicated with dexmedetomidine and methadone.