bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Riemann-Stieltjes Integral
Authors: Narita Keiko , Nakasho Kazuhisa , Shidama Yasunari 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this article, the definitions and basic properties of Riemann-Stieltjes integral are formalized in Mizar [1]. In the first section, we showed the preliminary definition. We proved also some properties of finite sequences of real numbers. In Sec. 2, we defined variation. Using the definition, we also defined bounded variation and total variation, and proved theorems about related properties.
In Sec. 3, we defined Riemann-Stieltjes integral. Referring to the way of the article [7], we described the definitions. In the last section, we proved theorems about linearity of Riemann-Stieltjes integral. Because there are two types of linearity in Riemann-Stieltjes integral, we proved linearity in two ways. We showed the proof of theorems based on the description of the article [7]. These formalizations are based on [8], [5], [3], and [4].
Uniform Space
Authors: Coghetto Roland 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this article, we formalize in Mizar [1] the notion of uniform space introduced by André Weil using the concepts of entourages [2].
We present some results between uniform space and pseudo metric space. We introduce the concepts of left-uniformity and right-uniformity of a topological group.
Next, we define the concept of the partition topology. Following the Vlach’s works [11, 10], we define the semi-uniform space induced by a tolerance and the uniform space induced by an equivalence relation.
Finally, using mostly Gehrke, Grigorieff and Pin [4] works, a Pervin uniform space defined from the sets of the form ((X\A) × (X\A)) ∪ (A×A) is presented.
Direct conversion of cellulose to α-hydroxy acids (AHAs) over Nb2O5-SiO2-coated magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Candu Natalia , Anita Florin , Podolean Iunia , Cojocaru Bogdan , Parvulescu Vasile I. , Coman Simona M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A series of Nb (3 wt% or 60 wt% Nb2O5)-based magnetic nanocomposites (Nb-Si@MNP) was prepared by covering the magnetic cores with Nb2O5-SiO2 shells using either co-precipitation or sol-gel followed by precipitation methods. These materials were exhaustively characterized through XRD, Raman spectroscopy, CO2- and NH3-TPD, DRIFT spectroscopy, and TG-DTA, after which the catalytic one-pot conversion of cellulose to valuable α-hydroxy-acids (i.e. lactic and glycolic acids) was investigated. The catalytic performances, expressed in terms of lactic and glycolic acid yields, were directly correlated to the nature of the catalytic sites which, in turn, depended on the niobia content and the preparation route.
Molecular identification of Trichinella isolates from wildlife animals of the Russian Arctic territories
Authors: Goździk K. , Odoevskaya I. M. , Movsesyan S. O. , Cabaj W. 
Published: February 2017

Summary
The parasitic nematodes of genus Trichinella are infective to a wide range of hosts, including humans, and have global distribution from tropic to arctic areas. Muscle samples from animals, collected in two areas of the Russian Federation, Chukotka Peninsula and Arkhangelsk Oblast, were tested for the presence of Trichinella spp. larvae. Trichinella spp. larvae were recovered from tissues of eleven wild and domestic animals: 1 polar bear, 1 wolverine, 3 arctic foxes, 1 ringed seal, 1 brown bear, 1 cat, 1 sled dog, 1 domestic pig and 1 northern sea lion.
Two molecular methods, multiplex PCR and inter-simple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction (ISSR PCR), were utilized for species identification. T. nativa was identified in the majority of tested animals and mixed infections with two Trichinella species were detected in four animals. T. spiralis/T. pseudospiralis mixed infection was found in a domestic pig and T. spiralis/T. nativa in two arctic foxes and a northern sea lion.
Here, for the first time, Trichinella spp. infection in a northern sea lion and the northern sea lion as a new host for T. spiralis and T. nativa is reported. Discovery of Trichinella spp. infection in a new host, such as a northern sea lion, which is an opportunistic marine predator, mainly feeding on fish, indicates environmental contamination. Leaving of carcasses or waste from animals and improper management of livestock operations is important for spreading Trichinella spp. infection in free living animals. Therefore, further extensive epidemiological and environmental research and molecular studies are needed to investigate the local fauna.
New data on wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) a dead-end host for large American liver fluke (Fascioloides magna)
Authors: Konjević D. , Bujanić M. , Erman V. , Gudan Kurilj A. , Živičnjak T. , Severin K. , Tomić S. , Martinković F. 
Published: February 2017

Summary
Fascioloidosis is a parasitic disease of primary wild and domestic ruminants, caused by a digenean trematode, Fascioloides magna. The final hosts of F. magna are divided according to the host-parasite interactions into definitive, dead end and aberrant. The clinical appearance, pathology, outcome of disease, and its importance in disease epidemiology vary with different host types. According to this division, wild boar (Sus scrofa) are characterized as a dead end host. In this paper we analysed 12 wild boar livers from Croatia. Eleven of them contained pigment traces, pseudocysts, degrading pseudocysts, fluke migratory channels, live and degrading flukes. F. magna eggs were found in pseudocysts, but no eggs were recovered from faeces. Concurrent infection with F. magna and Fasciola hepatica was detected in one liver. According to everything we observed, wild boar currently has no direct role in maintaining and spreading the disease.
Computational Study of the Transport Properties of Molten CaO-SiO2-P2O5-FeO System
Authors: Diao Jiang , Zhang Quan , Qiao Yong , Jiang Lu , Xie Bing 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
MD simulations have been accomplished to study the transport properties of molten CaO-SiO2-P2O5-FeO system. The self-diffusion coefficients of Ca, Si, P, Fe and O ions increase with increasing slag basicity and FeO content, while decrease with increasing P2O5 content. The diffusivities of these ions in the quaternary melts follow the sequence of Ca>Fe>O>P>Si. The calculated viscosities are in good agreement with the experimental ones. It is obvious that increasing the amount of network formers (e. g., Si and P ions) leads to larger viscosity and degree of slag polymerization, while adding network modifiers (e. g., Fe and Ca ions) causes viscosity and slag polymerization to decrease. Except for the calculation, the FT-IR analysis also confirmed the relationship between structural properties of the slag and composition. The viscosity of the slag increases linearly with increasing the parameter of Q(Si+P).
64-Bit Migration Vulnerabilities
Authors: Wressnegger Christian , Yamaguchi Fabian , Maier Alwin , Rieck Konrad 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The subtleties of correctly processing integers confronts developers
with a multitude of pitfalls that frequently result in severe software
vulnerabilities. Unfortunately, even code shown to be secure on one
platform can be vulnerable on another, such that also the migration of
code itself is a notable security challenge.
In this paper, we provide a high-level overview of integer-based
vulnerabilities that originate in code which works as expected on 32-bit
platforms but not on 64-bit platforms. The changed width of integer
types and the increased amount of addressable memory introduce
previously non-existent vulnerabilities that often lie dormant in
existing software.
To emphasize the lasting acuteness of this issue, we empirically
evaluate the prevalence of these flaws in the scope of
Debian stable (“Jessie”) and 200 popular open-source projects hosted
on GitHub.
Uncertainty assessment in geodetic network adjustment by combining GUM and Monte-Carlo-simulations
Authors: Niemeier Wolfgang , Tengen Dieter 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this article first ideas are presented to extend the classical concept of geodetic network adjustment by introducing a new method for uncertainty assessment as two-step analysis.
In the first step the raw data and possible influencing factors are analyzed using uncertainty modeling according to GUM (Guidelines to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurements). This approach is well established in metrology, but rarely adapted within Geodesy.
The second step consists of Monte-Carlo-Simulations (MC-simulations) for the complete processing chain from raw input data and pre-processing to adjustment computations and quality assessment. To perform these simulations, possible realizations of raw data and the influencing factors are generated, using probability distributions for all variables and the established concept of pseudo-random number generators. Final result is a point cloud which represents the uncertainty of the estimated coordinates; a confidence region can be assigned to these point clouds, as well.
This concept may replace the common concept of variance propagation and the quality assessment of adjustment parameters by using their covariance matrix. It allows a new way for uncertainty assessment in accordance with the GUM concept for uncertainty modelling and propagation.
As practical example the local tie network in “Metsähovi Fundamental Station”, Finland is used, where classical geodetic observations are combined with GNSS data.
Free subgroups of inverse limits of iterated wreath products of non-abelian finite simple groups in primitive actions
Authors: Leinen Felix , Puglisi Orazio 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Let

𝒲
=

{

G
i

∣

1
≤
i
∈
ℕ

}

{\mathcal{W}=\{G_{i}\mid 1\leq i\in\mathbb{N}\}}

be a set
of non-abelian finite simple groups.
Set

W
1

=

G
1

{W_{1}=G_{1}}

and choose a faithful transitive primitive

W
1

W_{1}

-set

Δ
1

\varDelta_{1}

.
Assume that we have already
constructed

W

n
-
1

W_{n-1}

and chosen a transitive faithful primitive

W

n
-
1

W_{n-1}

-set

Δ

n
-
1

\varDelta_{n-1}

.
The group

W
n

W_{n}

is then defined as

W
n

=

G
n

⁢

wr

Δ

n
-
1

⁡

W

n
-
1

{W_{n}=G_{n}\operatorname{wr}_{\varDelta_{n-1}}W_{n-1}}

.
If W is the inverse limit

W
=

lim
←

⁡

(

W
n

,

ρ
n

)

{W=}{\varprojlim(W_{n},\rho_{n})}

with respect to the natural
projections

ρ
n

:

W
n

→

W

n
-
1

{\rho_{n}\colon W_{n}\to W_{n-1}}

, we prove that, for each

k
≥
2

k\geq 2

, the set of k-tuples of W that freely generate a free subgroup of rank k is comeagre in

W
k

W^{k}

and its complement has Haar measure zero.
Finite groups with an automorphism of large order
Authors: Bors Alexander 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Let G be a finite group, and assume that G has an automorphism of order at least

ρ
⁢

|
G
|

{\rho|G|}

, with

ρ
∈

(
0
,
1
)

{\rho\in(0,1)}

. We prove that if

ρ
>

1
/
2

{\rho>1/2}

, then G is abelian, and if

ρ
>

1
/
10

{\rho>1/10}

, then G is solvable, whereas in general, the assumption implies

[
G
:
Rad

(
G
)

]

≤

ρ

-
1.78

{[G:\operatorname{Rad}(G)]\leq\rho^{-1.78}}

, where

Rad
⁡

(
G
)

{\operatorname{Rad}(G)}

denotes the solvable radical of G. We also prove analogous results for a larger class of self-transformations of finite groups, so-called bijective affine maps. Furthermore, we provide two results of independent interest: an upper bound on element orders in the holomorph of a finite group, and that every bijective affine map of a finite semisimple group has a cycle of length equal to the order of the map, extending a theorem of Horoševskiĭ.
Ein Verwaltungsakt mit verteilten Rollen Politische Prozesse in der späten DDR als organisierte Unterkomplexität
Authors: Booß Christian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAusgehend von einer statistischen Untersuchung über politische Prozesse im Ostberlin des Jahres 1984 wird die Hypothese entfaltet, dass die Organisation der arbeitsteilig arbeitenden DDR-Justiz aufgrund homologer hierarchischer Strukturen bei Staatsanwaltschaft, Gerichten und Anwaltschaft Diskursivität und Perspektivenvielfalt behindert und zur Entkernung des justiziellen Charakters der Prozesse beigetragen hat. Dabei bewährt sich die Organisationssoziologie bei der Analyse des demokratischen Zentralismus in der Justiz der DDR und der Abwicklung von politischen Prozessen im Sinne der Herrschenden unterhalb der Ebene ausdrücklicher Weisung.Drawing upon a quantitative study of political processes in East Berlin in 1984, it is argued that the homologous hierarichical structure of East Germany’s judiciary – its prosecuters, courts and lawyers – limited legal discourse and impeded the inclusion of multiple perspectives. This, in turn, contributed the increasingly non-legal character of court proceedings. Organizational sociology provides a useful tool in the analyses of East Germany’s legal structures and the development of political processes occurring below the level of official communinication.
Research Article. Improved Dual Frequency PPP Model Using GPS and BeiDou Observations
Authors: Afifi A. , El-Rabbany A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper introduces a new dual-frequency precise point positioning (PPP) model, which combines GPS and BeiDou observations. Combining GPS and BeiDou observations in a PPP model offers more visible satellites to the user, which is expected to enhance the satellite geometry and the overall PPP solution in comparison with GPSonly PPP solution. However, combining different GNSS constellations introduces additional biases, which require rigorous modelling, including GNSS time offset and hardware delays. In this research, ionosphere-free linear combination PPP model is developed. The additional biases, which result from combining the GPS and BeiDou observables, are lumped into a new unknown parameter identified as the inter-system bias. Natural Resources Canada’s GPSPace PPP software is modified to enable a combined GPS/BeiDou PPP solution and to handle the newly introduced biases. A total of four data sets at four IGS stations are processed to verify the developed PPP model. Precise satellite orbit and clock products from the IGS-MGEX network are used to correct both of the GPS and BeiDou measurements. It is shown that a sub-decimeter positioning accuracy level and 25% reduction in the solution convergence time can be achieved with combining GPS and Bei-Dou observables in a PPP model, in comparison with the GPS-only PPP solution.
Crystal structure of 4a-Hydroxy-9-(2-nitro-phenyl)-3,4,4a,5,6,7,9,9a-octahydro-2H-xanthene-1,8-dione, C19H19NO6
Authors: Li Jiangtao 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
C19H19NO6, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.009(3) Å, b = 8.081(3) Å, c = 15.218(8) Å, α = 101.973(9)°, β = 99.137(10)°, γ = 102.164(7)°, V = 805.5(6) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0520, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1271, T = 296(2) K.
VEG-01: Veggie Hardware Validation Testing on the International Space Station
Authors: Massa Gioia D. , Dufour Nicole F. , Carver John A. , Hummerick Mary E. , Wheeler Raymond M. , Morrow Robert C. , Smith Trent M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Veggie vegetable production system was launched to the International Space Station with three sets of test plants for an initial hardware validation test, designated VEG-01. VEG-01A and B featured the crop ‘Outredgeous’ red romaine lettuce, while VEG-01C tested ‘Profusion’ zinnia plants for longer duration growth and flowering characteristics. Irrigation of plants in all three growth studies presented a challenge, with lettuce suffering from inadequate water and zinnia suffering from excess water. Direct plant pillow watering by crew members enabled plant growth, and returned samples from the first crop, VEG-01A, indicated that food safety was acceptable. VEG-01B plants at harvest were split to allow for on-orbit crew consumption as well as science sample return. Direct-watered zinnias suffered fungal growth and other physiological stresses, but two plants survived and these produced numerous flowers. The VEG-01 series allowed a large amount of data on system performance, human factors, procedures, microbiology, and chemistry of space-grown plants to be gathered. Observations from these tests are helping to drive future hardware modifications and provide information on food crop growth and development in a microgravity environment.
Territory, Relationship or Path: A Brief Survey in Metaphors of “Double Religious Belonging”
Authors: Baatz Ursula 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The discussion about “double” or “multiple belonging” does not take into account that there is no mandatory definition of religion. This paper explores some of the metaphors involved. “Belonging to a religion” implies a passive attitude and can signify “belonging to a mental or physical territory”; or it can signify “belonging to a group or person”, i.e. it signifies a relationship. “Religion” is a Western concept, which cannot be translated e.g. into Sanskrit. One of the important Indian metaphors used is “path” or “way”, which transports instead of a passive “belonging” the active notion of “owning it”. “Belonging” could be seen in a context of identity politics, whereas “way” or “path” refers to the human need of spiritual transformation.
The final fate of NHC stabilized dicarbon
Authors: Georgiou Dayne C. , Mahmood Ismael , Haghighatbin Mohammad A. , Hogan Conor F. , Dutton Jason L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this paper we report the outcome of the reduction of NHC stabilized acetylenic dications, [NHC-Cn-NHC]2+ for n=2 and 4. The target compounds were NHC stabilized di- and tetracarbon in the form of NHC-Cn-NHC. However, upon chemical reduction, decomposition ensues with release of the free NHC. This effect is also observed in electrochemical studies. This lends credence to Bestman’s hypothesis that two donor ligands cannot stabilize Cn for n=even numbers.
The Interaction between Graphene and Oxygen Atom
Authors: Hao Yifan , Zhao Xuejun , Song Xuedan , Li Hongjiang , Zhu Xiaobing , Hao Ce 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Based on the density function theory (DFT) method, the interaction between the graphene and oxygen atom is simulated by the B3LYP functional with the 6-31G basis set. Due to the symmetry of graphene (C54H18, D
6h
), a representative patch is put forward to represent the whole graphene to simplify the description. The representative patch on the surface is considered to gain the potential energy surface (PES). By the calculation of the PES, four possible stable isomers of the C54H18-O radical can be obtained. Meanwhile, the structures and energies of the four possible stable isomers, are further investigated thermodynamically, kinetically, and chemically. According to the transition states, the possible reaction mechanism between the graphene and oxygen atom is given.
Kinetics of the austenitization in the Fe-Mo-C ternary alloys during continuous heating
Authors: Kong Lingnan , Liu Yaohui , Liu Jia’an , Song Yulai , Li Shasha , Liang Yan , Zheng Yi , Cui Wei 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The influence of molybdenum on the microstructure and kinetics of the austenization of the Fe-Mo-C ternary alloys is analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model (JMAK) in the temperature range from 293 K to 1373 K. The as-cast microstructure and microstructure after DSC test are obtained using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was seen that with an increasing Mo concentration, the lamellar pearlite is spherized and the austenite grain size decreases. In addition, both DSC curves and the JMAK model show that the initial (Ac1) and the final (Ac3) temperature of the phase transition increases with an increasing Mo concentration. It was also seen that increasing the Mo concentration, the diffusion activation energy (DAE) increases and the pre-exponential factor of diffusion (DPEF) decreases due to a change in both the austenitic nucleation rate and the diffusion of the elements caused by the introduction of Mo.
Impact of Cesium decontamination on performances of high activity sample analysis
Authors: Maillard Christophe , Boyer-Deslys Valerie , Dautheribes Jean L. , Esbelin Eric , Béres André , Jan Steve , Baghdadi Sarah , Rivier Cedric 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Experiments in the ATALANTE facility can lead to high activity samples (for example the dissolution of hulls and spent fuels), essentially coming from the presence of 137Cs. Usually, these samples are handled in a shielded cell. The removal of this radionuclide from the sample would make it possible to handle it in glove boxes without having to perform an important dilution in the shielded cells beforehand. It would allow to analyze samples using techniques usually implemented in glove boxes (such as ICP, α spectrometry …) and to reach lower detection and quantification limits. To do so, a separation by extraction chromatography using a Triskem AMP-PAN column was developed. A cesium decontamination factor higher than 5×104 and detection limits improvement up to a factor 100 were obtained.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene/Mesoporous Diatomite Composites via Activators Generated by Electron Transfer for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Davoudizadeh Soroush , Sarsabili Mohammadreza , Khezri Khezrollah 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Diatomite platelets were employed to synthesize different polystyrene/diatomite composites. Mesoporous diatomite platelets were used for in situ polymerization of styrene by activators generated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization to synthesize tailor-made polystyrene nanocomposites. FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were employed for evaluating some inherent properties of the pristine mesoporous diatomite platelets. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm is applied to examine surface area and structural characteristics of the diatomite platelets. Evaluation of pore size distribution and morphological studies were also performed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Conversion and molecular weight determinations were carried out using gas and size exclusion chromatography, respectively. Addition of 3 wt% pristine mesoporous diatomite leads to increase of conversion from 78 to 95%. Molecular weight of polystyrene chains increases from 15800 to 20000 g·mol−1 by addition of 3 wt% pristine mesoporous diatomite; however, polydispersity index values increases from 1.14 to 1.38. Increasing thermal stability of the nanocomposites is demonstrated by thermogravimetric analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry shows an increase in glass transition temperature from 93.8 to 97.4°C by adding 3 wt% of mesoporous diatomite platelets.