bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volcanogenic clays in Jurassic and Cretaceous strata of England and the North Sea Basin
Authors: Jeans C. V. , Wray D. S. , Merriman R. J. , Fisher M. J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe nature and origin of authigenic clay minerals and silicate cements in the Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments of England and the North Sea are discussed in relation to penecontemporaneous volcanism in and around the North Sea Basin. Evidence, including new REE data, suggests that the authigenic clay minerals represent the argillization of volcanic ash under varying diagenetic conditions, and that volcanic ash is a likely source for at least the early silicate cements in many sandstones. The nature and origin of smectite-rich, glauconite-rich, berthierine-rich and kaolin-rich volcanogenic clay mineral deposits are discussed. Two patterns of volcanogenic clay minerals facies are described. Pattern A is related to ash argillization in the non-marine and marine environments. Pattern B is developed by the argillization of ash concentrated in the sand and silt facies belts in the seas bordering ash-covered islands and massifs. It is associated with regression/ transgression cycles which may be related to thermal doming and associated volcanism, including the submarine release of hydrothermal fluids rich in Fe. The apparent paucity of volcanogenic clay deposits in the Jurasssic and Early Cretaceous sediments of the North Sea is discussed.
Oil migration makes the difference: regional distribution of carbonate cement δ13C in northern North Sea Tertiary sandstones
Authors: Macaulay C. I. , Fallick A. E. , Haszeldine R. S. , McAulay G. E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCarbonate cements in Tertiary reservoir sandstones from the northern North Sea have distinctive carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C). Oil migration up faults from deeper structures and biodegradation of oil pools are factors of particular importance in influencing the δ13C of carbonate cements in these sandstones. As a result, δ13C can be used as an exploration guide to locating the positions of vertical leakoff points from the Jurassic source rocks. The histogram distribution of δ13C in these carbonate cements is trimodal, with peaks at around −26, −3 and +12‰ (ranges −22 to −30, +2 to −10 and +8 to +18‰, respectively). Bacterial processes played major roles in determining this distribution, with oxidative biodegradation of oil resulting in carbonate cements with very negative compositions and bacterial fermentation resulting in the positive δ13C cements. δ13C distribution patterns may be used to differentiate Tertiary reservoir sandstones from Jurassic in the northern North Sea, and these regional carbonate cement δ13C datasets allow geologically useful inferences to be drawn from δ13C data from new sample locations.
Palaeocene- early Eocene climatic evolution in the Tethyan realm: clay mineral evidence
Authors: Bolle M.-P. , Adatte T. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractClay mineral associations of Palaeocene and Eocene age, with special attention to the late Palaeocene thermal maximum, have been examined in ten sections from the Tethys (Egypt, Israel, Tunisia, Spain and Kazakhstan) and Atlantic (England). A widespread abundance of kaolinite in marine sediments at all locations suggests a warm and humid climate with high rainfall in the Tethys region during the early Palaeocene. In the coastal basins along the southern margin (Israel and southern Tunisia), kaolinite disappears gradually giving way to palygorskite and sepiolite, suggesting the progressive development of arid climatic conditions in this part of the Tethys from the late Palaeocene to the early Eocene. Remarkably, kaolinite increases strongly throughout most of the Tethys during the late Palaeocene thermal maximum (LPTM) reflecting an episode of humidity and warmth and coincident with a global maximum warmth of seawaters inferred from oxygen isotopic data.
Clay mineralogical variations and evolutions in sandstone sequences near a coal seam and shales in the Westphalian of the Campine Basin (NE Belgium)
Authors: Van Keer I. , Muchez Ph. , Viaene W. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMineralogical trends have been investigated on a detailed scale in two Westphalian fluvial sandstone sequences in contact with either a coal seam or shales. The evolution in an authigenic clay mineral assemblage can be related to changes in the pH of the pore-water. Firstly, kaolinite formed early in diagenesis, mainly as a result of K-feldspar dissolution and alteration. This process, which took place under acidic conditions, consumed protons. Subsequently the pH of the pore-water increased and after compaction, illitization of kaolinite occurred under near neutral conditions. Deep burial is marked by dickite formation, which again reflects acidic conditions. Distribution of clay minerals is related to meteoric water flux through the sediments and the release of organic acids and CO2 from coalification of organic matter in the underlying strata.
Clay mineral assemblages in flysch from the Campo de Gibraltar area (Spain)
Authors: Ruiz Cruz M. D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn order to determine the relative influence of palaeoenvironmental and diagenetic processes in clay assemblages, as well as their significance, both fine- and coarse-grained sediments from the Campo de Gibraltar flysch have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy, and chemical analysis. Diagenetic modifications appear to be lithologically controlled and mainly affect coarse-grained sediments, where Fe-chlorites, illite and kaolinite are the more characteristic authigenic clay minerals. The evolution of detrital assemblages, determined in fine-grained beds, indicates that, from Cretaceous to Eocene times, clay mineralogy, characterized by the opposite kaolinite+smectite and illite + I-S mixed-layer assemblages, was mainly controlled by sources, climate and transport processes. On the other hand, from the Oligocene, clay mineral assemblages, characterized either by the abundance of kaolinite, or by the illite+chlorite association, mainly reflect the petrology of source rocks, as a consequence of climatic cooling and the increasing tectonic activity, which impede the development of soils.
Intrusive calcite-carbonatite occurrence from Mt. Vulture volcano, southern Italy
Authors: Rosatelli G. , Stoppa F. , Jones A. P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIntrusive calcite-carbonatite ejecta (sovite) in the lowermost tephra layers of the Mt. Vulture alkaline mafic-ultramafic volcano (Upper Pleistocene), is the first intrusive carbonatite sample from southern Europe. The sovite is of coarse granularity and shows some textural and mineralogical layering. It is mainly formed of calcite (up to 3.5 wt.% MgO, and 0.53 wt.% SrO), less dolomite (average 18.2 wt.% MgO, and up to 2.1 wt.% SrO), spinel (60 wt.% Al2O3, 26.5 wt.% MgO, 10.7 wt.% FeO) and olivine (Fo99). Perovskite and apatite have been found only as microlites. Intergranular vugs are scattered throughout the rocks and small composite inclusions occur in calcite.The mineral chemistry, high temperature melt inclusions, overall isotopic compositions, and the REE distribution are consistent with a primary igneous origin. Compared with world average sovite compositions, the Vulture sovite has lower LILE and HFSE but Rb, Sr, Th and U are high. The REE abundance is typical of carbonatites, having an LREE/HREE value of ∼100. The δ13C (−4.8% SMOW) is in the range for mantle-derived carbonatites. The 143Nd/144Nd (0.512648±15) and 87Sr/86Sr (0.705978±10) ratios show close similarity between the sovite and the Vulture alkaline mafic rocks. The sovite ejecta are interpreted as a crystallization product of carbonate ultramafic liquid. In common with many shallow-level carbonatites from other localities, the recrystallization of rather pure Mg-calcite, the presence of dissolution vugs and the depletion of some HFSE and the relatively high δ18O values, suggest that a secondary process, such as hydrothermal leaching, affected the rock.
Infrared powder-absorption spectroscopy of Ca-free P21/c clinopyroxenes
Authors: Boffa Ballaran T. , Carpenter M. A. , Ross N. L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractInfrared powder-absorption spectra of ten synthetic P21/c pyroxenes with compositions in the clinoenstatite–clinoferrosilite system have been collected at room temperature in the range 50–1500 cm−1. Variations of peak positions as a function of Fe content have been obtained for those vibrational bands whose trend could be followed across the solid solution. Local elastic strains arising from cation substitution have been quantified by means of the autocorrelation function, which gives a measure (Δcorr) proportional to the line width of the IR bands. The structure of clinoenstatite appears to be very homogeneous, whereas Fe-rich pyroxenes have high degrees of local structural hetereogeneities. A positive deviation from linearity of the Δcorr values is observed in the spectral region between 100 and 250 cm−1 and may be indicative of a positive excess enthalpy of mixing of this solid solution. At higher energies the large changes in the phonon spectra as Fe content increases are associated with rotation and deformation of the tetrahedral chains for accommodating the larger cation. The results are compared with similar studies on other chain silicates.
Illegitimate switch recombinations are present in approximately half of primary myeloma tumors, but do not relate to known prognostic indicators or survival
Authors: Ho P. Joy , Brown Ross D. , Pelka Gregory J. , Basten Antony , Gibson John , Joshua Douglas E. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The myeloma plasma cell is a postgerminal center, isotype-switched B cell. Chromosomal translocations into immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) switch regions, recombination sites in isotype switching, were initially demonstrated in myeloma cell lines but only a limited number of primary tumors. Molecular cytogenetics have since been applied to a series of primary tumors, in which IgH translocations accounted for many recurrent aberrations, among numerous nonrecurrent changes of unknown significance. This study, therefore, examined primary myeloma for IgH switch translocations using an established Southern blot assay that detected illegitimate switch recombinations. Sensitivity of the method was established by confining the analysis to 21 samples (4 stable, 17 progressive disease) with demonstrable legitimate isotype switches, of a total of 60 samples. Illegitimate recombinations were found in 12 or 57% (1 stable, 11 progressive) of 21 samples, comparable with estimates by molecular cytogenetics. The presence of switch translocations was supported by demonstrating up-regulated expression in myeloma marrow of cyclin D1 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), candidate oncogenes on chromosomes 11q13 and 4p16, respectively. Illegitimate switches were detected most frequently in Sμ, with more than one region involved in 6 cases. Although these results confirmed the presence of switch translocations in primary myeloma, their absence in 43% of cases may imply heterogeneity of pathogenesis. In progressive disease, there was no significant difference between patients with and without illegitimate switches in survival, nor the prognostic indicators of β2microglobulin (β2m) and serum thymidine kinase (STK). Hence IgH switch translocations as a single entity are unlikely to be a feature of disease progression or have prognostic significance.
Myeloblastin is an Myb target gene: mechanisms of regulation in myeloid leukemia cells growth-arrested by retinoic acid
Authors: Lutz Pierre G. , Houzel-Charavel Anne , Moog-Lutz Christel , Cayre Yvon E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA pivotal role has been assigned to Myb in the control of myeloid cell growth. Although Myb is a target of retinoic acid, little is known about the mechanisms by which it may contribute to induced growth arrest in leukemia cells. Indeed, few Myb target genes are known to be linked to proliferation. Myeloblastin is involved in the control of proliferation in myeloid leukemia cells. It is expressed early during hematopoiesis and is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor–responsive gene. Myeloblastin can confer factor-independent growth to hematopoietic cells, an early step in leukemia transformation. The myeloblastin promoter contains PU.1, C/EBP, and Myb binding sites, each of which are critical for constitutive expression in myeloid cells. Inhibition of myeloblastin expression in leukemia cells growth-arrested by retinoic acid is demonstrated to depend on Myb down-regulation. Myb is shown to induce myeloblastin expression and abolish its down-regulation by retinoic acid. Altogether, the data offer a clue as to how a myeloid-specific transcriptional machinery can be accessible to regulation by retinoic acid and point to myeloblastin as a novel target of Myb. This link between Myb and myeloblastin suggests a previously nonidentified Myb pathway through which growth arrest is induced by retinoic acid in myeloid leukemia cells.
Erythropoietin-dependent transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome to acute monoblastic leukemia
Authors: Bunworasate Udomsak , Arnouk Hilal , Minderman Hans , O'Loughlin Kieran L. , Sait Sheila N. J. , Barcos Maurice , Stewart Carleton C. , Baer Maria R. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Acute monoblastic leukemia (acute myeloid leukemia [AML], French-American-British type M5a) with leukemia cutis developed in a patient 6 weeks after the initiation of erythropoietin (EPO) therapy for refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts. AML disappeared from both marrow and skin after the discontinuation of EPO. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow cells demonstrated coexpression of the EPO receptor with CD45 and CD13 on the surface of blasts. The incubation of marrow cells with EPO, compared to without, resulted in 1.3- and 1.6-fold increases, respectively, in tritiated thymidine incorporation and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into CD13+ cells. Clinical and laboratory findings were consistent with the EPO-dependent transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to AML. It is concluded that leukemic transformation in patients with MDS treated with EPO may be EPO-dependent and that management should consist of the discontinuation of EPO followed by observation, if clinically feasible.
Reduced lymphomyeloid repopulating activity from adult bone marrow and fetal liver of mice lacking expression of STAT5
Authors: Bunting Kevin D. , Bradley Heath L. , Hawley Teresa S. , Moriggl Richard , Sorrentino Brian P. , Ihle James N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSignal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are intracellular mediators of cytokine receptor signals. Because many early-acting growth factors have been implicated in STAT5 activation, this study sought to investigate whether STAT5 may be a transcriptional regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) long-term repopulating activity. To test this possibility, bone marrow (BM) and fetal liver (FL) cells from mice containing homozygous deletions of both STAT5a and STAT5b genes (STAT5ab−/−) were characterized for hematopoietic repopulating activities. BM and FL grafts were capable of repopulating lymphoid and myeloid lineages of lethally irradiated primary and secondary hosts, with defects observed primarily in T-lymphocyte engraftment. Because only a fraction of normal HSC function is required to reconstitute hematopoiesis, competitive repopulation assays of adult BM or FL cells were used against wild type adult BM or FL cells to quantitate stem cell function. In these analyses, average 25-, 28-, 45-, and 68-fold decreases in normal repopulating activity were evident in granulocyte (Gr-1+), macrophage (Mac-1+), erythroid progenitor (Ter119+), and B-lymphocyte (B220+) populations, respectively, with T lymphocytes (CD4+) always undetectable from the STAT5ab−/− graft. Consistent with previous reports of divergence between stem cell phenotype and function in cases of perturbed hematopoiesis, the absolute number of cells within Sca-1+c-kit+lin− or lin− Hoechst 33342 side population fractions was not significantly different between wild type and STAT5ab−/−BM or FL cells. These results demonstrate that a significant proportion of the growth factor signals required for multilineage reconstitution potential of HSCs is STAT5 dependent.
Enforced expression of the Ikaros isoform IK5 decreases the numbers of extrathymic intraepithelial lymphocytes and natural killer 1.1+ T cells
Authors: Tucker Sean N. , Jessup Heidi K. , Fujii Hodaka , Wilson Christopher B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe zinc-finger protein Ikaros plays an important role in lymphoid homeostasis, and loss of Ikaros expression through germline disruption impairs lymphoid development. However, the role played by Ikaros after commitment to the T-cell lineage is unclear. To address this question, this study used the lck proximal promoter to drive the expression in T-cell progenitors of a naturally occurring short Ikaros isoform (IK5), which lacks the DNA-binding domain, reasoning that IK5 will form heterodimers with long isoforms and perturb their function. The IK5 transgene led to a selective and dramatic decrease in extrathymic intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and natural killer 1.1+ T (NK T) cells with little effect on conventional αβ T cells, which resembles the T-cell phenotype of interleukin-15 receptor α chain (IL-15Rα) and IL-2/IL-15 receptor β chain (IL-2Rβ) knockout mice. The expression of IL-2Rβ on double-negative T-cell progenitors of bi-5 was reduced, but enforced expression of IL-2Rβ did not rescue IELs or NK T cells in bi-5 transgenic mice, suggesting that Ikaros or Ikaros family members regulate the expression of additional genes that are essential for the development of IELs and NK T cells. The study concludes that modest changes in the ratio of short to long Ikaros isoforms can substantially perturb T-cell development, and the development of IELs and NK T cells is particularly sensitive to such changes.
Safe and Cost Effective Use of Alteplase for the Clearance of Occluded Central Venous Access Devices
Authors: Timoney J. P. , Malkin M. G. , Leone D. M. , Groeger J. S. , Heaney M. L. , Keefe D. L. , Klang M. , Lucarelli C. D. , Muller R. J. , Eng S. L. , Connor M. , Small T. N. , Brown A. E. , Saltz L. B. 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: To determine whether cryopreserved solutions of the thrombolytic agent alteplase could be used as a safe, effective, and economically reasonable alternative to urokinase in patients presenting with occluded central venous access devices (CVADs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Alteplase has been reported as an efficacious alternative to urokinase for treatment of occluded CVADs. However, the practicality of using alteplase as the thrombolytic of choice for this indication remained conjectural. To make this approach economically feasible, alteplase was diluted to 1 mg/mL and 2.5-mL aliquots were stored at −20°C until use. A need to confirm that the cryopreserving and thawing of the reconstituted solution did not compromise the safety and efficacy reported from prior trials was recognized. A quality assessment initiative was undertaken to concurrently monitor the safety and efficacy of this approach. Patients presenting with occluded CVADs received a sufficient volume of the thawed alteplase solution to fill the occluded catheter(s). Data, including efficacy, adverse reactions, dwell time, and catheter type, were collected over a 5-month period. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-one patients accounting for 168 attempted clearances were assessable for safety and efficacy. One hundred thirty-six (81%) of the 168 catheter clearance attempts resulted in successful catheter clearance (95% confidence interval, 74% to 86%). No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Cryopreserved 1-mg/mL aliquots of alteplase are safe and effective in the clearance of occluded CVADs when stored at −20°C for 30 days. The ability to cryopreserve alteplase aliquots makes it an economically reasonable alternative to urokinase in the setting of CVAD occlusion.
DCV2I$\text{DCV}^2\text{I}$: Leveraging deep vision models to support geographers' visual interpretation in dune segmentation
Authors: Lu Anqi , Wu Zifeng , Jiang Zheng , Wang Wei , Hasi Eerdun , Wang Yi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVisual interpretation is extremely important in human geography as the primary technique for geographers to use photograph data in identifying, classifying, and quantifying geographic and topological objects or regions. However, it is also time‐consuming and requires overwhelming manual effort from professional geographers. This paper describes our interdisciplinary team's efforts in integrating computer vision models with geographers' visual image interpretation process to reduce their workload in interpreting images. Focusing on the dune segmentation task, we proposed an approach called featuring a deep dune segmentation model to identify dunes and label their ranges in an automated way. By developing a tool to connect our model with ArcGIS—one of the most popular workbenches for visual interpretation, geographers can further refine the automatically generated dune segmentation on images without learning any CV or deep learning techniques. Our approach thus realized a noninvasive change to geographers' visual interpretation routines, reducing their manual efforts while incurring minimal interruptions to their work routines and tools they are familiar with. Deployment with a leading Chinese geography research institution demonstrated the potential of in supporting geographers in researching and solving drylands desertification.
Aptamer‐Directed Bidirectional Modulation of Vascular Niches for Promoted Regeneration of Segmental Trachea Defect
Authors: Cao Runfeng , Chen Zhenying , Ye Qing , Sun Weiyan , Lin Weikang , Tang Hai , Yang Xingseng , Liang Junhao , Chen Yi , Wang Lei , Bai Qingfeng , Pan Ziying , Hu Yulong , Xie Dong , Zhao Deping , Hu Yong , Chen Chang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe simultaneous regeneration of avascular cartilage ring and vascular connective tissue in one biomimetic tracheal substitute has remained a remarkable challenge in the clinical breakthrough of tissue‐engineered trachea for repairing segmental trachea defect. Herein, an unprecedented strategy based on bidirectional modulation of vascular niches is developed through tailoring the tissue‐specific scaffolds with programmable functional nucleic acids. Namely, the antiangiogenic characteristic of cartilage‐specific scaffold enables development of an avascular niche, and thereby facilitating the regeneration of biomimetic cartilage. Conversely, the angiogenic capability of connective tissue‐specific scaffold fosters the creation of a vascular niche, and thus enhancing the regeneration of biomimetic connective tissue. Importantly, the steadily immobilized nucleic acids in specific scaffolds enable the seamless integration of angiogenic and antiangiogenic functions without mutual interference. As such, biomimetic tracheas are successfully engineered with the vascular connective tissue scattering between avascular cartilage rings using the assembly of tissue‐specific scaffolds. The results from in vivo trachea regeneration and the in situ trachea reconstruction demonstrate the satisfactory tissue‐specific regeneration of (a)vascular niches along with optimal structural, mechanical, and physiological features. This study represents the first demonstration of trachea regeneration promoted by modulation of tissue‐specific vascular niches, which adds an additional dimension for the clinical trachea reconstruction.