bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the relation between radiation belt electrons and solar wind parameters/geomagnetic indices: Dependence on the first adiabatic invariant and L*
Authors: Zhao H. , Baker D. N. , Jaynes A. N. , Li X. , Elkington S. R. , Kanekal S. G. , Spence H. E. , Boyd A. J. , Huang C.‐L. , Forsyth C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe relation between radiation belt electrons and solar wind/magnetospheric processes is of particular interest due to both scientific and practical needs. Though many studies have focused on this topic, electron data from Van Allen Probes with wide L shell coverage and fine energy resolution, for the first time, enabled this statistical study on the relation between radiation belt electrons and solar wind parameters/geomagnetic indices as a function of first adiabatic invariant μ and L*. Good correlations between electron phase space density (PSD) and solar wind speed, southward IMF Bz, SYM‐H, and AL indices are found over wide μ and L* ranges, with higher correlation coefficients and shorter time lags for low‐μ electrons than high‐μ electrons; the anticorrelation between electron PSD and solar wind proton density is limited to high‐μ electrons at high L*. The solar wind dynamic pressure has dominantly positive correlation with low‐μ electrons and negative correlation with high‐μ electrons at different L*. In addition, electron PSD enhancements also correlate well with various solar wind/geomagnetic parameters, and for most parameters this correlation is even better than that of electron PSD while the time lag is also much shorter. Among all parameters investigated, AL index is shown to correlate the best with electron PSD enhancements, with correlation coefficients up to ~0.8 for low‐μ electrons (time lag ~ 0 day) and ~0.7 for high‐μ electrons (time lag ~ 1–2 days), suggesting the importance of seed and source populations provided by substorms in radiation belt electron PSD enhancements.
Evaluation of the COSMO‐CLM high‐resolution climate simulations over West Africa
Authors: Dieng Diarra , Smiatek Gerhard , Bliefernicht Jan , Heinzeller Dominikus , Sarr A. , Gaye A. T. , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe evaluation of a high‐resolution simulation at 0.11° (12 km) with the COnsortium for Small‐scale MOdelling in CLimate Mode (CCLM) regional climate model, applied over West Africa, is presented. This simulation is nested in a CCLM run at resolution of 0.44°, driven with boundary forcing data from the ERA‐Interim reanalysis, and covers the period from 1981 to 2010. The simulated temperature and precipitation are evaluated using three selected climate indices for temperature and eight indices for precipitation in five different regions against a new, daily precipitation climatology covering West Africa and against other state of the art climatologies. The obtained results indicate that CCLM is able to reproduce the observed major climate characteristics including the West African Monsoon within the range of comparable regional climate modeling evaluations studies, but substantial uncertainties remain, especially in the Sahel zone. The seasonal mean temperature bias for the rainy season from June to September ranges from −0.8°C to −1.1°C. The CCLM simulations also underestimate the observed precipitation with biases in precipitation reaching −10% in the high‐resolution and −20% in the low‐resolution model runs. CCLM extends the monsoon precipitation belt too far north, which results in an overestimation of precipitation in the Sahel zone of up to 60%. In the coastal zone, the precipitation is underestimated by up to −90%. These biases in precipitation amounts are associated with errors in the precipitation seasonality. The added value of the higher resolution of the nested run is reflected in a smaller bias in extreme precipitation statistics with respect to the reference data.
Synthesis of Dibenzophosphole Oxides from Dibenzothiophene Dioxides and Phenylphosphine by Two Successive SNAr Reactions
Authors: Onoda Mitsuki , Koyanagi Yoshinari , Saito Hayate , Bhanuchandra M. , Matano Yoshihiro , Yorimitsu Hideki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOne‐pot treatment of dibenzothiophene dioxides with phenylphosphine and KOH in DMSO at ambient temperature provides the corresponding dibenzophosphole oxides after oxidative workup. Substitution of the endocyclic SO2 unit with PPh could proceed via an intermolecular SNAr reaction of the dioxides with potassium phenylphosphide followed by another SNAr reaction in an intramolecular fashion. Various dibenzophospholes have been synthesized from readily available dibenzothiophene dioxides and were investigated from a photophysical viewpoint.
On the Influence of the Protonation States of Active Site Residues on AChE Reactivation: A QM/MM Approach
Authors: Driant Thomas , Nachon Florian , Ollivier Cyril , Renard Pierre‐Yves , Derat Etienne 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAcetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme of the serine hydrolase superfamily, is a mediator of signal transmission at cholinergic synapses by catalyzing acetylcholine cleavage into acetate and choline. This enzyme is vulnerable to covalent inhibition by organophosphate compounds (like VX). Covalent inhibition of AChE does not revert spontaneously. Known reactivator compounds have limited action in restoring catalytic activity. QM/MM simulations of VX‐inhibited AChE reactivation by pralidoxime (2‐PAM), a classical reactivator, were performed. These afforded a broad view of the effect of protonation states of active‐site residues, and provide evidence for the role of Glu202, which needs to be protonated for reactivation to occur. In situ deprotonation of 2‐PAM for both protonation states of Glu202 showed that His447 is able to deprotonate 2‐PAM with the assistance of Glu202. Because the active site of serine hydrolases is highly conserved, this work provides new insights on the interplay between the catalytic triad residues and this glutamate, newly identified as protonatable.
Gross‐dependent lower limb lymphoedema
Authors: Hennessy Mairead Marion , O'Brien Gavin Connor 
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical MessageGross‐dependent lower limb lymphoedema is an unusual condition which can be painful particularly if ulceration occurs. Focused history and clinical examination in addition to appropriate radiological investigation aid in the diagnosis. It is difficult to treat and requires a multidisciplinary team including vascular surgeons, dermatologists and clinical nurse specialists. The primary treatment option is compression bandaging.
Impact of Lipid Environment on Photodamage Activation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Nogueira Juan J. , Meixner Maximilian , Bittermann Marius , González Leticia 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLipid membrane photodamage in photodynamic therapy involves the penetration of a photosensitizer into the membrane, followed by photoactivation through intersystem crossing. The efficiency of both processes, in which electrostatic interactions with the lipid environment play a crucial role, determines the cytotoxic effect of the photosensitizer. Herein, we model the penetration of the archetypal photosensitizer methylene blue into a lipid bilayer and theoretically analyse the impact of the lipid environment on the excited state electronic structure of the photosensitizer. We show that both penetration and intersystem crossing are energetically adverse. The rationalization of the factors behind these unfavourable processes allows us to suggest some rules for the functionalization of the photosensitizer in order to improve its phototoxicity inside the lipid bilayer.
G‐CSF mobilized peripheral blood stem cell collection for allogeneic transplantation in healthy donors: Analysis of factors affecting yield
Authors: Machaczka Maciej , Hägglund Hans , Staver Emma , Joks Monika , Hassan Moustapha , Wahlin Björn Engelbrekt , Axdorph Nygell Ulla 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMobilized PBSC are the main source for allogeneic HSCT. We aimed to evaluate factors that affect CD34+ cell yield including the donor's age, gender, BSA, processed blood volume and the method of G‐CSF dose calculation. Data from 170 healthy donors were analyzed. The concentration of CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood (PB) and the processed volume of blood were significantly correlated to CD34+ cells yield (P < .00005 and P < .001, respectively). The G‐CSF dose per m2 was significantly correlated to the concentration of CD34+ cells in the PB (P = .0003) and in the product (P = .01). Smaller BSA and less processed volume were found among female donors, who were given lesser G‐CSF dose per m2, and showed lower yield compared to men. However, multivariate analysis of the yield showed that only the concentration of CD34+ cells in the PB and the processed volume remained independent significant.
Solid‐state fermentation of Moringa oleifera leaf meal using Bacillus pumilusCICC 10440
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Huang Yewei , Zhao Haichu , Wang Tengfei , Xie Chuanqi , Zhang Dengyang , Wang Xuanjun , Sheng Jun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDMoringa leaf is licensed as a new food ingredient and is rich in nutrients. However, owing to its high cellulose content, the nutrients are difficult to digest and absorb, which limits the product development and application of Moringa leaf.RESULTSFour bacterial strains – Trichoderma reesei CICC 2626, Bacillus pumilus CICC 10440, Bacillus subtilis subsp. CICC 21934, and Bacillus sp. CICC 21942 – were chosen to ferment with Moringa leaf powder. The results of solid fermentation and liquid fermentation show that solid‐state fermentation using Bacillus pumilus CICC 10440 in a 1:60 ratio with Moringa leaf powder produced the greatest amount of soluble protein (285 mg g−1, 2.42 times higher than the control) in 24 h. Using a cellulase activity assay and western blotting, it was found that Bacillus pumilus CICC 10440 uses endoglucanase to dissolve the cellulose to release nutrients from the Moringa oleifera leaf. We expanded the fermentation scale of the Moringa oleifera leaf in a 200 L fermenter and produced a 50 kg batch of Moringa oleifera product.CONCLUSIONThe results showing improvement in the nutrient release of Moringa leaf via microbial fermentation are a promising start and provide a basis for further product development of Moringa leaf. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrospun polysulfone (PSf)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposite fibers as substrates to prepare thin film forward osmosis membranes
Authors: Zhang Cuicui , Huang Manhong , Meng Lijun , Li Beibei , Cai Teng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDForward osmosis (FO) membranes need to be improved since water fluxes of commercial FO membranes are low. Using electrospun polysulfone (PSf)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposite fibers as substrates could be a good way to make high‐quality FO membranes. The effect of nano‐TiO2 on polyamide thin film nanocomposite (TFN) FO membrane was investigated. The nanocomposite substrates were fabricated by electrospinning. Hydrophilicity, porosity, pore size and mechanical properties of the membranes were determined.RESULTSResults indicated that hydrophilicity, porosity and pore size of the substrates were increased upon addition of TiO2. Water flux of TFN membrane prepared using PSf substrate embedded with 0.25 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles (denoted as TFN 0.25) was improved by 19% compared with controlled TFC membrane. Further increase in TiO2 nanoparticles loading to 0.5 and 0.75 wt% had higher water flux, but their FO performances were compromised by a significant increase in reverse solute flux and the active layer is more vulnerable. FO performance evaluation indicated that TFN 0.25 membrane showed the most promising results, with high water flux and low reverse solute flux.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that PSf/TiO2 solution can be electrospun as substrate to make TFN membranes with higher water flux than commercial membranes and electrospun membranes without nano‐TiO2. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Direct and fast measurement of CT beam filter profiles with simultaneous geometrical calibration
Authors: Yang Kai , Li Xinhua , George Xu X. , Liu Bob 
Published: January 2017

PurposeTo accurately measure the beam filter profiles from a variety of CT scanner models and to provide reference data for Monte Carlo simulations of CT scanners.MethodsThis study proposed a new method to measure CT beam filter profiles using a linear‐array x‐ray detector (X‐Scan 0.8f3‐512; Detection Technology Inc., Espoo, Finland) under gantry rotation mode. A robust geometrical calibration approach was developed to determine key geometrical parameters by considering the x‐ray focal spot location relative to the linear‐array detector and the gantry's angular increment at each acquisition point. CT beam intensity profiles were synthesized from continuously measured data during a 10° gantry rotation range with calibrated detector response and system geometry information. Relative transmission profiles of nineteen sets of beam filters were then derived for nine different CT scanner models from three different manufacturers. Equivalent aluminum thickness profiles of these beam filters were determined by analytical calculation using the Spektr Matlab software package to match the measured transmission profiles. Three experiments were performed to validate the accuracy of the geometrical calibration, detector response modeling, and the derived equivalent aluminum thickness profiles.ResultsThe beam intensity profiles measured from gantry rotation mode showed very good agreement with those measured with gantry stationary mode, with a maximal difference of 3%. The equivalent aluminum thickness determined by this proposed method agreed well with what was measured by an ion chamber, with a mean difference of 0.4%. The determined HVL profiles matched well with data from a previous study (max difference of 4.7%).ConclusionsAn accurate and robust method to directly measure profiles from a broad list of beam filters and CT scanner models was developed, implemented, and validated. Useful reference data was provided for future research on CT system modeling.
A feasibility study of an integrated NIR/gamma/visible imaging system for endoscopic sentinel lymph node mapping
Authors: Kang Han Gyu , Lee Ho‐Young , Kim Kyeong Min , Song Seong‐Hyun , Hong Gun Chul , Hong Seong Jong 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe aim of this study is to integrate NIR, gamma, and visible imaging tools into a single endoscopic system to overcome the limitation of NIR using gamma imaging and to demonstrate the feasibility of endoscopic NIR/gamma/visible fusion imaging for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping with a small animal.MethodsThe endoscopic NIR/gamma/visible imaging system consists of a tungsten pinhole collimator, a plastic focusing lens, a BGO crystal (11 × 11 × 2 mm3), a fiber‐optic taper (front = 11 × 11 mm2, end = 4 × 4 mm2), a 122‐cm long endoscopic fiber bundle, an NIR emission filter, a relay lens, and a CCD camera. A custom‐made Derenzo‐like phantom filled with a mixture of 99mTc and indocyanine green (ICG) was used to assess the spatial resolution of the NIR and gamma images. The ICG fluorophore was excited using a light‐emitting diode (LED) with an excitation filter (723–758 nm), and the emitted fluorescence photons were detected with an emission filter (780–820 nm) for a duration of 100 ms. Subsequently, the 99mTc distribution in the phantom was imaged for 3 min. The feasibility of in vivo SLN mapping with a mouse was investigated by injecting a mixture of 99mTc‐antimony sulfur colloid (12 MBq) and ICG (0.1 mL) into the right paw of the mouse (C57/B6) subcutaneously. After one hour, NIR, gamma, and visible images were acquired sequentially. Subsequently, the dissected SLN was imaged in the same way as the in vivo SLN mapping.ResultsThe NIR, gamma, and visible images of the Derenzo‐like phantom can be obtained with the proposed endoscopic imaging system. The NIR/gamma/visible fusion image of the SLN showed a good correlation among the NIR, gamma, and visible images both for the in vivo and ex vivo imaging.ConclusionWe demonstrated the feasibility of the integrated NIR/gamma/visible imaging system using a single endoscopic fiber bundle. In future, we plan to investigate miniaturization of the endoscope head and simultaneous NIR/gamma/visible imaging with dichroic mirrors and three CCD cameras.
Continuous‐time Kalman filtering on the orthogonal group O(n)
Authors: de Ruiter Anton H. J. , Forbes James Richard 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a continuous‐time O(n)‐constrained Kalman‐like filter. O(n) is the group of n × n orthonormal matrices. The O(n)‐constrained Kalman‐like filter is derived by posing a constrained optimization problem. The solution involves a projection of the unconstrained Kalman state estimate derivative onto the tangent space of O(n). Using this filter, an extended O(n)‐constrained Kalman‐like filter is developed for nonlinear systems where a portion of the states evolve on O(n). A numerical example demonstrates the effectiveness of the extended O(n)‐constrained Kalman‐like filter. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring the risk value of sensitive dataflow path in Android applications
Authors: Feng Pengbin , Sun Cong , Ma Jianfeng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNowadays, smartphones carry large amounts of user privacy and sensitive data. With the popularity of the Android operating system, the cases of sensitive date leakage in Android applications are on the rise and are causing a great loss to Android users. In order to mitigate this condition, static and dynamic taint analysis are applied to precisely detect sensitive data leakages. These approaches cannot distinguish sensitive data leakages in benign apps from the ones in malicious apps. Recently, the difference on sensitive data flows between benign apps and malicious apps has been found to be significant. In this paper, we further find that there exists great difference between benign and malicious apps on the frequencies of sensitive dataflow paths. This difference can be used to enforce a risk value over every sensitive dataflow path. This risk value can guide the identification of sensitive data leakages in malicious apps. We present RISKPATH, a tool that automatically calculates the risk values for sensitive dataflow paths in Android applications. Applying the result of RISKPATH to MUDFLOW framework, we increase the true positive rate of malware detection by 3.96–6.54% on different datasets with reasonable increase in time and memory consumption. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Well Known or Well Liked? The Effects of Corporate Reputation on Firm Value at the Onset of a Corporate Crisis
Authors: Wei Jiuchang , Ouyang Zhe , Chen Haipeng (Allan) 
Published: January 2017

Research summary: We study how two dimensions of reputation (i.e., generalized favorability and being known) and attribution of crisis responsibility affect firm value at the onset of a crisis. Analyzing 126 corporate crises befalling publicly listed firms in China from 2008 to 2014, we find that generalized favorability serves as a buffer, while being known can be a burden, in influencing firm value. We also find that the buffering effect of generalized favorability is stronger when the attribution of crisis responsibility is low (vs. high). In addition, there is a negative interaction effect between the two dimensions of reputation such that the buffering effect of generalized favorability weakens when firms are better known. We discuss our contributions to research on corporate reputation and crisis management.Managerial summary: Corporate reputation is an intangible asset, especially at the onset of a corporate crisis. This research sheds light on the “double‐edged sword” of corporate reputation by examining the effects of two reputation dimensions (i.e., being liked and being known) on firm value. Our results suggest that well‐liked firms can leverage their generalized favorability among stakeholders to assuage firm value loss, whereas well‐known firms may have to better communicate with stakeholders to overcome the burden of stakeholders' attention that escalates firm value loss. To better cope with the onset of a crisis, firms should therefore enhance their generalized favorability and simultaneously avert stakeholders' excessive attention. In addition, well‐liked firms can further buffer against the loss in firm value by reducing the perceived intentionality of a crisis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entry into Nascent Industries: Disentangling a Firm's Capability Portfolio at the Time of Investment Versus Market Entry
Authors: Moeen Mahka 
Published: January 2017

Research summary: This article examines the capability antecedents of firm entry into nascent industries. Because a firm's technological investments in nascent industries typically occur before market entry, this study makes a distinction between firm capabilities at the time of market entry and at the time of initial investment. At the time of market entry, core technical capabilities and complementary assets influence the likelihood of entry. However, at the time of investment, a firm's integrative capabilities as well as the initial stocks of related technical capabilities and complementary assets become critical, as they enable endogenous development of core technical capabilities and complementary assets by the time of entry. The empirical sample consists of firms involved in field experiments in agricultural biotechnology during the period 1980–2010.Managerial summary: New product commercialization in a nascent industry typically requires access to not only core technologies of the focal industry, but also supporting commercialization assets. However, firms may not possess these critical capabilities when they first invest in the industry. Instead, empirical evidence from the context of agricultural biotechnology shows that at the time of first investment, a firm's integrative capabilities partly explain their likelihood of entry. Integrative capabilities encompass a set of practices that enable effective coordination and communication, and in turn put firms in an advantageous position to develop the needed capabilities by the time of entry. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Review: Regeneration in Mammalian Cochlea Hair Cells: Help from Supporting Cells Transdifferentiation
Authors: Franco Bénédicte , Malgrange Brigitte 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
It is commonly assumed that mammalian cochlear cells do not regenerate. Therefore, if hair cells are lost following an injury, no recovery could occur. However, during the first postnatal week, mice harbor some progenitor cells that retain the ability to give rise to new hair cells. These progenitor cells are in fact supporting cells. Upon hair cells loss, those cells are able to generate new hair cells both by direct transdifferentiation or following cell cycle re-entry and differentiation. However, this property of supporting cells is progressively lost after birth. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that are involved in mammalian hair cell development and regeneration. Manipulating pathways used during development constitute good candidates for inducing hair cell regeneration after injury. Despite these promising studies, there is still no evidence for a recovery following hair cells loss in adult mammals.