bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of Damage Evolution in Braided Composites: Recent Developments
Authors: Wang Chen , Roy Anish , Silberschmidt Vadim V. , Chen Zhong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractComposites reinforced with woven or braided textiles exhibit high structural stability and excellent damage tolerance thanks to yarn interlacing. With their high stiffness-to-weight and strength-to-weight ratios, braided composites are attractive for aerospace and automotive components as well as sports protective equipment. In these potential applications, components are typically subjected to multi-directional static, impact and fatigue loadings. To enhance material analysis and design for such applications, understanding mechanical behaviour of braided composites and development of predictive capabilities becomes crucial. Significant progress has been made in recent years in development of new modelling techniques allowing elucidation of static and dynamic responses of braided composites. However, because of their unique interlacing geometric structure and complicated failure modes, prediction of damage initiation and its evolution in components is still a challenge. Therefore, a comprehensive literature analysis is presented in this work focused on a review of the state-of-the-art progressive damage analysis of braided composites with finite-element simulations. Recently models employed in the studies on mechanical behaviour, impact response and fatigue analyses of braided composites are presented systematically. This review highlights the importance, advantages and limitations of as-applied failure criteria and damage evolution laws for yarns and composite unit cells. In addition, this work provides a good reference for future research on FE simulations of braided composites.
Quantitative reconstruction of source-to-sink systems of the first and second members of the Shahejie Formation of the Eastern Shijiutuo uplift, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Du Xiaofeng , Xu Changgui , Pang Xiaojun , Wang Qingbin , Wang Qiming , Zhao Meng 
Published: August 2017

By examining the seismic data, logging data, core description, thin sections, rare earth elements, heavy minerals, and detrital zircon U-Pb dating, we studied the sedimentary features and provenance implications of the five fan deltas (fan deltas A-E) spread along the 428 Uplift in Bohai Bay Basin during the deposition of the first and second members of the Shahejie Formation ([Formula: see text]). The glutenite volumes of the fan deltas and the erosion volumes of their catchments were calculated as well as the sand-production rates. The results indicated that during the sedimentation of the first and second members of the Shahejie Formation ([Formula: see text]): (1) the true lithology of the 428 Uplift, which was completely eroded, could not be represented by the residual lithology (Mesozoic igneous rocks with interlayers of clastic rocks on the western subuplift and Permian sedimentary rocks on the eastern subuplift), (2) fan deltas A and B were dominated by Mesozoic igneous rocks from the eastern low uplift, whereas the fan deltas C-E were dominated by sedimentary rocks with interlayers of igneous rocks from the western low uplift, and (3) during [Formula: see text], the volumes of the glutenites of the five fan deltas were [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively, whereas the erosion volumes of the catchments are [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] respectively. (4) The sand production rates of the five fan deltas were 71.9%, 53.8%, 34.7%, 29.6%, and 29%, respectively. (5) Approximately 53.8%–71.9% of the eroded igneous rocks formed the near-source fan-delta glutenites, whereas only 29.0%–34.7% of the eroded sedimentary rocks with igneous rock interlayers formed the near-source fan-delta glutenites. The igneous parent rocks featured higher sand production rates and were responsible for the development of the most sand-rich reservoirs. Based on the research finding, it is possible to predict the development of the sandstone reservoirs at the poorly explored steep slope areas.
Huntington Mice Demonstrate Diminished Pain Response in Inflammatory Pain Model
Authors: Lin Ya-Chi , Hsiao Hung-Tsung , Wu Sheng-Nan , Liu Yen-Chin 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND:
Huntington disease (HD) affects the nervous system and leads to mental and motor dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that HD is caused by the exon 1 region of the huntingtin (HTT) gene having expanded CAG trinucleotide repeats. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between HD and pain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between HD and pain response.

METHODS:
We used clinical similar transgenic HD mice carrying a mutant HTT exon 1 containing 84 CAG trinucleotide repeats to evaluate the relationship between HD and pain. Inflammatory pain models were induced by either formalin or complete Freund adjuvant injection over the hind paw. Spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, and paw skin tissues were harvested at the end of the behavioral inflammatory pain studies. Immunofluorescence assay, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to identify changes in cells and cytokines.

RESULTS:
Our data demonstrate that preonset HD mice exhibited less pain behavior than wild-type (WT) mice in both young (n = 11 [WT], 13 [HD]) and aged (n = 8 [WT], 9 [HD]) mice. Western blotting and immunohistological examination of lumbar spinal cord tissue and dorsal root ganglion indicate less activation of glial cells and astrocytes in young HD mice (n = 6–7) compared to that in WT mice (n = 6–7). The production levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and substance P were also lower in young HD mice (n = 6–7).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data demonstrate less pain behavior and pain-related cytokine response at the spinal cord level for HD mice compared to those for WT mice. Further studies are needed for determining the mechanism as to how mutant HTT leads to altered pain behavior and pain-related cytokine response.
Development of Novel Functional Organic Crystals by Utilizing Proton- and π-Electron-Donating/Accepting Abilities
Authors: Ueda Akira 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Crystalline materials that comprise π-electron organic molecules exhibit various interesting physical properties and functionalities, related to electrical conductivity, magnetism, optical properties, etc. Conventionally, such properties and functionalities are determined or controlled by the intermolecular π-electron interactions in the crystal. Recently, however, the switching or control of the electronic structure and physical properties based on hydrogen dynamics was realized in a series of purely organic conductors. In this account article, the structure, properties, and switching phenomenon of this new type of organic conductors developed by utilizing proton- and π-electron-donating/accepting abilities are summarized. In addition, a highly polarized π-electron donor-acceptor type semiconductor molecule obtained in connection with the above conductors is also described.
Searching for Structure: Formal Organization Design as a Guide to Network Evolution
Authors: Clement Julien , Puranam Phanish 
Published: August 2017

Is top-down organization design worth attempting at all, or should organizations simply let their members learn which patterns of interaction are valuable by themselves, through a bottom-up process? Our analysis of an agent-based computational model shows that weak enforcement of even a randomly selected formal structure in a top-down manner can usefully guide the bottom-up emergence of networks of intraorganizational interactions between agents. In the absence of formal structure, interactions are prone to decline within organizations, because maintaining interactions requires coordination but breaking them does not. Formal structure regenerates the network of interactions between agents, who can then learn which interactions to keep or discard. This “network regeneration effect” of formal structure offers a rationale for the importance of top-down organization design, even if the design is limited in accuracy and enforcement. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2807 . This paper was accepted by Sendil Ethiraj, organizations.
Effects of multilevel surgery on a flexed knee gait in adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Putz C. , Wolf S. I. , Mertens E. M. , Geisbüsch A. , Gantz S. , Braatz F. , Döderlein L. , Dreher T. 
Published: August 2017

Aims A flexed knee gait is common in patients with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy and occurs with increased age. There is a risk for the recurrence of a flexed knee gait when treated in childhood, and the aim of this study was to investigate whether multilevel procedures might also be undertaken in adulthood. Patients and Methods At a mean of 22.9 months (standard deviation 12.9), after single event multi level surgery, 3D gait analysis was undertaken pre- and post-operatively for 37 adult patients with bilateral cerebral palsy and a fixed knee gait. Results There was a significant improvement of indices and clinical and kinematic parameters including extension of the hip and knee, reduction of knee flexion at initial contact, reduction of minimum and mean knee flexion in the stance phase of gait, improved range of movement of the knee and a reduction of mean flexion of the hip in the stance phase. Genu recurvatum occurred in two patients (n = 3 legs, 4%) and an increase of pelvic tilt (> 5°) was found in 12 patients (n = 23 legs, 31%). Conclusion Adult patients with bilateral cerebral palsy and a flexed knee gait benefit from multilevel surgery including hamstring lengthening. The risk of the occurence of genu recurvatum and increased pelvic tilt is lower than has been previously reported in children. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1256–64.
Venous thromboembolism in adult elective spinal surgery
Authors: Fawi H. M. T. , Saba K. , Cunningham A. , Masud S. , Lewis M. , Hossain M. , Chopra I. , Ahuja S. 
Published: August 2017

Aims To evaluate the incidence of primary venous thromboembolism (VTE), epidural haematoma, surgical site infection (SSI), and 90-day mortality after elective spinal surgery, and the effect of two protocols for prophylaxis. Patients and Methods A total of 2181 adults underwent 2366 elective spinal procedures between January 2007 and January 2012. All patients wore anti-embolic stockings, mobilised early and were kept adequately hydrated. In addition, 29% (689) of these were given low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) while in hospital. SSI surveillance was undertaken using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Results In patients who only received mechanical prophylaxis, the incidence of VTE was 0.59% and that of SSI 2.1%. In patients who were additionally given LMWH, the incidence of VTE was 0% and that of SSI 0.7%. The unadjusted p-value was 0.04 for VTE and 0.01 for SSI. There were no cases of epidural haematoma or 90-day mortality in either group. When adjusted for case-mix, LMWH remained a significant factor (p = 0.006) for VTE, but not for SSI. Conclusion A peri-operative protocol involving mechanical anti-embolism stockings, adequate hydration, and early post-operative mobilisation is effective in significantly reducing the incidence of VTE. The addition of LMWH is safe in patients at higher risk of developing VTE. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1204–9.
Does tantalum exhibit any intrinsic antimicrobial or antibiofilm properties?
Authors: Harrison P. L. , Harrison T. , Stockley I. , Smith T. J. 
Published: August 2017

Aims Tantalum (Ta) trabecular metal components are increasingly used to reconstruct major bone defects in revision arthroplasty surgery. It is known that some metals such as silver have antibacterial properties. Recent reports have raised the question regarding whether Ta components are protective against infection in revision surgery. This laboratory study aimed to establish whether Ta has intrinsic antibacterial properties against planktonic bacteria, or the ability to inhibit biofilm formation. Materials and Methods Equal-sized pieces of Ta and titanium (Ti) acetabular components were sterilised and incubated with a low dose inoculum of either Staphylococcus (S.) aureus or S. epidermidis for 24 hours. After serial dilution, colony forming units (cfu) were quantified on Mueller-Hinton agar plates. In order to establish whether biofilms formed to a greater extent on one material than the other, these Ta and Ti pieces were then washed twice, sonicated and washed again to remove loosely adhered planktonic bacteria. They were then re-incubated for 24 hours prior to quantifying the number of cfu. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Results More than 1x108 cfu/ml were observed in both the Ta and Ti experiments. After washing and sonication, more than 2x107 cfu/ml were observed for both Ta and Ti groups. The results were the same for both S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Conclusion Compared with Ti controls, Ta did not demonstrate any intrinsic antibacterial activity or ability to inhibit biofilm formation. Hence, intrinsic antimicrobial properties of Ta do not account for the previously observed reduction in the frequency of subsequent infections when Ta was used in revision procedures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1153–6.
Diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection with alpha-defensin using a lateral flow device
Authors: Berger P. , Van Cauter M. , Driesen R. , Neyt J. , Cornu O. , Bellemans J. 
Published: August 2017

Aims The purpose of this current multicentre study is to analyse the presence of alpha-defensin proteins in synovial fluid using the Synovasure lateral flow device and to determine its diagnostic reliability and accuracy compared with the prosthetic joint infection (PJI) criteria produced by the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS). Patients and Methods A cohort of 121 patients comprising 85 total knee arthroplasties and 36 total hip arthroplasties was prospectively evaluated between May 2015 and June 2016 in three different orthopaedic centres. The tests were performed on patients with a chronically painful prosthesis undergoing a joint aspiration in a diagnostic pathway or during revision surgery. Results Based on the MSIS criteria, 34 patients (28%) would have had a PJI, and 87 patients had no PJI. Testing with the lateral flow device had a sensitivity of 97.1% (95% confidence intervals (CI) 84.5 to 99.9) and a specificity of 96.6% (95% CI 90.3 to 99.2). The positive predictive value was 91.7% (95% CI 77.7% to 98.3), and the negative predictive value was 98.8% (95% CI 93.6 to 99.9). Receiver operator characteristics analysis demonstrated an area under the curve for the Synovasure test of 0.97 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.00). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the Synovasure test has an excellent diagnostic performance to confirm or reject the diagnosis of a PJI. The results are promising for the care of the painful or problematic knee and hip joint arthroplasty and the test should be considered as part of the diagnostic toolbox for PJIs. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1176–82
Surgery for a fracture of the hip within 24 hours of admission is independently associated with reduced short-term post-operative complications
Authors: Fu M. C. , Boddapati V. , Gausden E. B. , Samuel A. M. , Russell L. A. , Lane J. M. 
Published: August 2017

AimsWe aimed to characterise the effect of expeditious hip fracture surgery in elderly patients within 24 hours of admission on short-term post-operative outcomes.Patients and MethodsPatients age 65 or older that underwent surgery for closed femoral neck and intertrochanteric hip fractures were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program between 2011 and 2014. Multivariable propensity-adjusted logistic regressions were performed to determine associations between early surgery within 24 hours and post-operative complications, controlling for selection bias in patients undergoing early surgery based on observable characteristics.ResultsA total of 26 051 patients were included in the study; 5921 (22.7%) had surgery within 24 hours of admission, while 20 130 (77.3%) patients had surgery after 24 hours. Propensity-adjusted multivariable logistic regressions demonstrated that surgery within 24 hours was independently associated with lower odds of respiratory complications including pneumonia, failure to extubate, or reintubation (odds ratio (OR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67 to 0.90), and extended length of stay (LOS) defined as ≥ 6 days (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.90).ConclusionIn elderly patients with hip fractures, early surgery within 24 hours of admission is independently associated with less pulmonary complications including pneumonia, failure to extubate, and reintubation, as well as shorter LOS. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1216–22.
Vascularised fibular grafts for reconstruction of extremity bone defects after resection of bone and soft-tissue tumours
Authors: Emori M. , Kaya M. , Irifune H. , Takahashi N. , Shimizu J. , Mizushima E. , Murahashi Y. , Yamashita T. 
Published: August 2017

AimsThe aims of this study were to analyse the long-term outcome of vascularised fibular graft (VFG) reconstruction after tumour resection and to evaluate the usefulness of the method.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 49 patients who had undergone resection of a sarcoma and reconstruction using a VFG between 1988 and 2015. Their mean follow-up was 98 months (5 to 317). Reconstruction was with an osteochondral graft (n = 13), intercalary graft (n = 12), inlay graft (n = 4), or resection arthrodesis (n = 20). We analysed the oncological and functional outcome, and the rate of bony union and complications.ResultsFive- and ten-year overall survival rates were 89% and 86%, respectively. Local recurrence occurred in two patients. Eight patients developed pulmonary metastases. Bone union was achieved in 44 patients (90%). Fracture occurred in six patients (12%), infection in three (6%), and nonunion in five (10%). The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores were as follows: osteochondral graft 70%; intercalary graft 73%; inlay graft 89%; and resection arthrodesis 83%.ConclusionAlthough associated with a relatively high rate of complications, each reconstruction method is useful, with a high rate of successful limb salvage and a good long-term functional outcome. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1237–43.
The mucopolysaccharidoses
Authors: Williams N. , Challoumas D. , Ketteridge D. , Cundy P. J. , Eastwood D. M. 
Published: August 2017

The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of inherited lysosomal storage disorders with clinical manifestations relevant to the orthopaedic surgeon. Our aim was to review the recent advances in their management and the implications for surgical practice. The current literature about MPSs is summarised, emphasising orthopaedic complications and their management. Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of MPSs include the recognition of slowly progressive, late presenting subtypes, developments in life-prolonging systemic treatment and potentially new indications for surgical treatment. The outcomes of surgery in these patients are not yet validated and some procedures have a high rate of complications which differ from those in patients who do not have a MPS. The diagnosis of a MPS should be considered in adolescents or young adults with a previously unrecognised dysplasia of the hip. Surgeons treating patients with a MPS should report their experience and studies should include the assessment of function and quality of life to guide treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1132–9
Pharmacokinetic studies and anticancer activity of curcumin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers
Authors: Wang Fengling , Chen Jin , Dai Wenting , He Zhengmin , Zhai Dandan , Chen Weidong 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In order to investigate the potential of nanostructured lipid carriers for efficient and targeted delivery of curcumin, the pharmacokinetic parameters of curcumin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (Cur-NLC) were evaluated in rats after a single intraperitoneal dose of Cur-NLC. In addition, the anticancer activity of Cur-NLC against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells was verified by a cellular uptake study, and a cytotoxicity and apoptosis assay. Bioavailability of Cur-NLC was better than that of native curcumin (p > 0.01), as seen from the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (C
max), mean residence time (MRT) and total plasma clearance (CLz/F). Cur-NLC has a more obvious lung-targeting property in comparison with native curcumin. Cur-NLC showed higher anticancer activity in vitro against A549 cells than native curcumin (IC
50 value of 5.66 vs. 9.81 mg L−1, respectively). Meanwhile, Cur-NLC treated A549 cells showed a higher apoptosis rate compared to that of native curcumin. These results indicate that NLC is a promising system for the delivery of curcumin in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
Transdermal delivery of tolterodine tartrate for overactive bladder treatment: In vitro and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Rajabalaya Rajan , Mun Chung Yee , Chellian Jestin , Chakravarthi Srikumar , David Sheba R. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to develop a transdermal tolterodine tartrate (TT) patch and to analyse its efficacy for overactive bladder (OAB) treatment. Patches were prepared using various polymers and plasticizers via the solvent casting method. The patches were characterized for tensile strength, thickness, moisture content, modulus of elasticity and water absorption capacity. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared analyses were also performed. To determine patch effectiveness, in vitro release, permeation and animal studies were performed. The patches showed satisfactory percentage of release, up to 89.9 %, and their mechanical properties included thickness (0.10–0.15 mm), tensile strength (4.62–9.98 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (20–29 MPa). There were no significant interactions between TT and other excipients. Animal studies indicated that the TT patch reduced the incidence of side effects; however, studies of longer duration are required to determine the effectiveness in treating OAB.
Influence of Twist on Selected Properties of Multifilament Yarn
Authors: Mertová Iva , Moučková Eva , Neckář Bohuslav , Vyšanská Monika 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Owing to twisting of filament fiber bundle, the structure and consequently various parameters and properties of a fiber bundle are changed. The aim of the work is to verify the effect of multifilament yarn twist (or twist coefficient) on selected mechanical properties such as multifilament tenacity, breaking elongation, and coefficient of fiber stress utilization in the yarn. Furthermore, the influence of twist on structural parameters such as the angle of peripheral fibers, the packing density, and the substance cross-sectional area of fiber bundle is observed. Two multifilament yarns with different filament cross-section shape and material were used for the experiment. Experimentally obtained data was compared with the known model dependencies derived decades ago based on the helical model. It can be stated that multifilament yarn retraction can be predicted based on the angle of peripheral fibers using the Braschler’s model. The coefficient of fiber stress utilization in the multifilament yarn determined experimentally corresponds with a theoretical curve, constructed according to Gégauff and Neckář, in the area of Koechlin’s twist coefficient α > 54 ktex1/2 m−1. Results as well as possible causes of deviations of experimental data from the theoretical one are discussed in this work.