bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyanionic Cyclodextrin Induced Supramolecular Nanoparticle
Authors: Sun He-Lue , Zhang Ying-Ming , Chen Yong , Liu Yu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIonizable cyclodextrins have attracted increasing attention in host–guest chemistry and pharmaceutical industry, mainly due to the introduction of favorable electrostatic interactions. The ionizable cyclodextrins could not only enhance its own solubility but also induce oppositely charged guests to form more stable complex. However, the aggregation induced by charged cyclodextrins has rarely been reported. In this work, guided by the concept of molecular-induced aggregation, a series of carboxyl modified cyclodextrins were synthesized via “click” and hydrolysis reaction. Then, UV-vis spectrum was used to investigate the aggregating behaviors induced by these cyclodextrins towards the cationic guest molecules. The results showed that only the hepta-carboxyl-β-cyclodextrin could induce the guest molecules to self-assemble into supramolecular spherical nanoparticles. Meanwhile, it could form stable inclusion complex with amantadine, a drug for anti-Parkinson and antiviral. The assembly behaviors were investigated by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, transmission electron microscope and NMR spectroscopy. The supramolecular nanoparticles induced by hepta-carboxyl-β-CD and its inclusion with amantadine could be used to encapsulate the model drug and achieve its controlled releasing behaviors.
Wip1 inhibitor GSK2830371 inhibits neuroblastoma growth by inducing Chk2/p53-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Chen Zhenghu , Wang Long , Yao Dayong , Yang Tianshu , Cao Wen-Ming , Dou Jun , Pang Jonathan C. , Guan Shan , Zhang Huiyuan , Yu Yang , Zhao Yanling , Wang Yongfeng , Xu Xin , Shi Yan , Patel Roma , Zhang Hong , Vasudevan Sanjeev A. , Liu Shangfeng , Yang Jianhua , Nuchtern Jed G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial tumor in children. Unlike in most adult tumors, tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53) mutations occur with a relatively low frequency in NB and the downstream function of p53 is intact in NB cell lines. Wip1 is a negative regulator of p53 and hindrance of Wip1 activity by novel inhibitor GSK2830371 is a potential strategy to activate p53’s tumor suppressing function in NB. Yet, the in vivo efficacy and the possible mechanisms of GSK2830371 in NB have not yet been elucidated. Here we report that novel Wip1 inhibitor GSK2830371 induced Chk2/p53-mediated apoptosis in NB cells in a p53-dependent manner. In addition, GSK2830371 suppressed the colony-formation potential of p53 wild-type NB cell lines. Furthermore, GSK2830371 enhanced doxorubicin- (Dox) and etoposide- (VP-16) induced cytotoxicity in a subset of NB cell lines, including the chemoresistant LA-N-6 cell line. More importantly, GSK2830371 significantly inhibited tumor growth in an orthotopic xenograft NB mouse model by inducing Chk2/p53-mediated apoptosis in vivo. Taken together, this study suggests that GSK2830371 induces Chk2/p53-mediated apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo in a p53 dependent manner.
~3-nm ZnO Nanoislands Deposition and Application in Charge Trapping Memory Grown by Single ALD Step
Authors: El-Atab Nazek , Chowdhury Farsad , Ulusoy Turkan Gamze , Ghobadi Amir , Nazirzadeh Amin , Okyay Ali K. , Nayfeh Ammar 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLow-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures are of great interest in high performance electronic and photonic devices. ZnO is considered to be a multifunctional material due to its unique properties with potential in various applications. In this work, 3-nm ZnO nanoislands are deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) and the electronic properties are characterized by UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The results show that the nanostructures show quantum confinement effects in 1D. Moreover, Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Capacitor (MOSCAP) charge trapping memory devices with ZnO nanoislands charge storage layer are fabricated by a single ALD step and their performances are analyzed. The devices showed a large memory window at low operating voltages with excellent retention and endurance characteristics due to the additional oxygen vacancies in the nanoislands and the deep barrier for the trapped holes due to the reduction in ZnO electron affinity. The results show that the ZnO nanoislands are promising in future low power memory applications.
Thermal decomposition of fullerene nanowhiskers protected by amorphous carbon mask
Authors: Guo Hongxuan , Wang Chengxiang , Miyazawa Kun’ichi , Wang Hongxin , Masuda Hideki , Fujita Daisuke 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFullerene nanostructures are well known for their unique morphology, physical and mechanical properties. The thermal stability of fullerene nanostructures, such as their sublimation at high temperature is also very important for studying their structures and applications. In this work, We observed fullerene nanowhiskers (FNWs) in situ with scanning helium ion microscopy (HIM) at elevated temperatures. The FNWs exhibited different stabilities with different thermal histories during the observation. The pristine FNWs were decomposed at the temperatures higher than 300 °C in a vacuum environment. Other FNWs were protected from decomposition with an amorphous carbon (aC) film deposited on the surface. Based on high spacial resolution, aC film with periodic structure was deposited by helium ion beam induced deposition (IBID) on the surface of FNWs. Annealed at the high temperature, the fullerene molecules were selectively sublimated from the FNWs. The periodic structure was formed on the surface of FNWs and observed by HIM. Monte Carlo simulation and Raman characterization proved that the morphology of the FNWs was changed by helium IBID at high temperature. This work provides a new method of fabricating artificial structure on the surface of FNWs with periodic aC film as a mask.
The immunohistochemical and urodynamic evaluation towards the collagen-coated and non-coated polypropylene meshes implanted in the pelvic wall of the rats
Authors: Lo Tsia-Shu , Lin Yi-Hao , Yusoff Faridah Mohd , Chu Hsiao-Chien , Hsieh Wu-Chiao , Uy-Patrimonio Ma. Clarissa 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOur aim is to study the inflammatory response towards the collagen-coated and non-coated polypropylene meshes in rats and the urodynamic investigation post-operatively. Forty-two female Sprague Dawley were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats; Control, Day 7 and 30 for Sham, Avaulta Plus (MPC), Perigee (MP). UDS were taken at days 7 and 30. Mesh with the vagina and bladder wall was removed and sent for immunohistochemical examination. Results showed intense inflammatory reaction on day 7 in the study groups which decreased on day 30. IL-1, TNF-α, MMP-2 and CD31 were observed to decrease from day 7 to day 30. NGF was almost normal on day 30 in all groups. UDS showed no difference in voiding pressure. Both Study and Sham groups had shorter voiding interval (VI) on day 7 but significantly lower in MPC. VI had significantly increased on day 30 in all groups. Voided volume was significantly lower in the mesh groups even when an increase was seen on day 30. In conclusion, the higher levels of IL-1, TNF-α and MMP-2 in collagen-coated polypropylene mesh imply greater inflammation than the non-coated polypropylene mesh. Mesh implantation can lead to shorter voiding interval and smaller bladder capacity.
Comparative metagenomics reveals taxonomically idiosyncratic yet functionally congruent communities in periodontitis
Authors: Dabdoub Shareef M. , Ganesan Sukirth M. , Kumar Purnima S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe phylogenetic characteristics of microbial communities associated with periodontitis have been well studied, however, little is known about the functional endowments of this ecosystem. The present study examined 73 microbial assemblages from 25 individuals with generalized chronic periodontitis and 25 periodontally healthy individuals using whole genome shotgun sequencing. Core metabolic networks were computed from taxa and genes identified in at least 80% of individuals in each group. 50% of genes and species identified in health formed part of the core microbiome, while the disease-associated core microbiome contained 33% of genes and only 1% of taxa. Clinically healthy sites in individuals with periodontitis were more aligned with sites with disease than with health. 68% of the health-associated metagenome was dedicated to energy utilization through oxidative pathways, while in disease; fermentation and methanogenesis were predominant energy transfer mechanisms. Expanded functionality was observed in periodontitis, with unique- or over-representation of genes encoding for fermentation, antibiotic resistance, detoxification stress, adhesion, invasion and intracellular resistance, proteolysis, quorum sensing, Type III/IV secretion systems, phages and toxins in the disease-associated core microbiome. However, different species or consortia contributed to these functions in each individual. Several genes, but not species, demonstrated robust discriminating power between health and disease.
Adjunctive treatment of brexpiprazole with fluoxetine shows a rapid antidepressant effect in social defeat stress model: Role of BDNF-TrkB signaling
Authors: Ma Min , Ren Qian , Yang Chun , Zhang Ji-chun , Yao Wei , Dong Chao , Ohgi Yuta , Futamura Takashi , Hashimoto Kenji 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAddition of low doses of the atypical antipsychotic drug brexpiprazole with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) could promote antidepressant effect in patients with major depressive disorder although the precise mechanisms underlying the action of the combination are unknown. Combination of low dose of brexpiprazole (0.1 mg/kg) and SSRI fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) could promote a rapid antidepressant effect in social defeat stress model although brexpiprazole or fluoxetine alone did not show antidepressant effect. Furthermore, the combination significantly improved alterations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) - TrkB signaling and dendritic spine density in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens in the susceptible mice after social defeat stress. Interestingly, TrkB antagonist ANA-12 significantly blocked beneficial effects of combination of brexpiprazole and fluoxetine on depression-like phenotype. These results suggest that BDNF-TrkB signaling plays a role in the rapid antidepressant action of the combination of brexpiprazole and fluoxetine.
A polymorphism of HMGA1 protects against proliferative diabetic retinopathy by impairing HMGA1-induced VEGFA expression
Authors: Chiefari Eusebio , Ventura Valeria , Capula Carmelo , Randazzo Giorgio , Scorcia Vincenzo , Fedele Monica , Arcidiacono Biagio , Nevolo Maria Teresa , Bilotta Francesco Luciano , Vitiello Michela , Palmieri Camillo , Gulletta Elio , Fusco Alfredo , Foti Daniela , Vero Raffaella , Brunetti Antonio 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, and is the leading cause of blindness in working-age people. Usually, DR progresses from the asymptomatic non-proliferative DR that does not significantly alter vision, to proliferative DR (PDR), which can result in aberrant retinal neovessel formation and blindness. The High-Mobility-Group A1 (HMGA1) protein is a transcriptional master regulator of numerous genes, including metabolic and inflammatory genes, which, by modulating the expression of angiogenic factors, may induce retinal neovascularization, a hallmark of PDR. Herein, we examined the relationship between HMGA1 rs139876191 variant and DR. Results revealed that patients with type 2 diabetes, who were carriers of the HMGA1 rs139876191 variant had a significantly lower risk of developing PDR, compared to non-carrier diabetic patients. From a mechanistic point of view, our findings indicated that, by adversely affecting HMGA1 protein expression and function, the HMGA1 rs139876191 variant played a key role in this protective mechanism by downregulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), a major activator of neovascularization in DR. These data provide new insights into the pathogenesis and progression of DR, and may offer opportunities for discovering novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of PDR.
Efficient derivation of extraembryonic endoderm stem cell lines from mouse postimplantation embryos
Authors: Lin Jiangwei , Khan Mona , Zapiec Bolek , Mombaerts Peter 
Published: December 2016

AbstractVarious types of stem cell lines have been derived from preimplantation or postimplantation mouse embryos: embryonic stem cell lines, epiblast stem cell lines, and trophoblast stem cell lines. It is not known if extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cell lines can be derived from postimplantation mouse embryos. Here, we report the derivation of 77 XEN cell lines from 85 postimplantation embryos at embryonic day E5.5 or E6.5, in parallel to the derivation of 41 XEN lines from 69 preimplantation embryos at the blastocyst stage. We attain a success rate of 100% of XEN cell line derivation with our E5.5 whole-embryo and E6.5 disaggregated-embryo methods. Immunofluorescence and NanoString gene expression analyses indicate that the XEN cell lines that we derived from postimplantation embryos (post-XEN) are very similar to the XEN cell lines that we derived from preimplantation embryos (pre-XEN) using a conventional method. After injection into blastocysts, post-XEN cells contribute to extraembryonic endoderm in chimeras at E6.5 and E7.5.
Pelagic Nekton Abundance and Distribution in the Northern Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California
Authors: Feyrer Frederick , Slater Steven B. , Portz Donald E. , Odom Darren , Morgan‐King Tara , Brown Larry R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractKnowledge of the habitats occupied by species is fundamental for the development of effective conservation and management actions. The collapse of pelagic fish species in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, has triggered a need to better understand factors that drive their distribution and abundance. A study was conducted in summer–fall 2014 in an attempt to identify physical and biological habitat conditions that drive the abundance and distribution of pelagic species in the northern region of the system. The study was conducted in the three largest channels in the northern Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta by dimension, volume, and flow capacity. The pelagic community was dominated by three nonnative species, Siberian prawn Exopalaemon modestus, which comprised 56% of the total number of organisms, and two fish species, Threadfin Shad Dorosoma petenense and Mississippi Silversides Menidia audens, which together comprised 43% of the total number of organisms. Total fish and total shrimp abundance were sensitive to the most extreme values of turbidity and temperature encountered and positively associated with total zooplankton biomass. The results suggested that habitat conditions in terminal channels, historically a common feature on the landscape, support higher abundances of pelagic species and zooplankton than open‐ended channels. These results provide resource managers with useful information on the habitat associations of pelagic species and on how the future distribution and abundance of pelagic species will likely change in response to climate or other ecological factors.Received March 8, 2016; accepted September 22, 2016 Published online December 9, 2016
Should Natural Mortality Estimators Based on Maximum Age Also Consider Sample Size?
Authors: Hoenig John M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNatural mortality rate can be difficult to estimate; consequently, indirect methods based on life history correlations are frequently used to infer values for stock assessments. One common class of predictors is based on the relationship between natural mortality rate and maximum age in unexploited or lightly exploited populations. The oldest age in a sample depends on the sample size, but there is confusion in the literature over the correct expression. Those attributable to Sarhan (1954) and Holt (1965) are correct. Kenchington's (2014) estimators that incorporate sample size are mathematically flawed and should not be used. Expressions exist for the expected value and variance of order statistics from an exponential distribution (including the maximum age), and these account for sample size. However, the resulting estimators are not recommended without evaluation of their performance because (1) they may not be robust to failures of the parametric assumptions, (2) it is often difficult or impossible to determine the effective sample size, and (3) new estimators may not be needed because of the insensitivity of the maximum age to sample size. Empirical estimators based on regressing estimates of natural mortality rate from the literature on corresponding values of maximum age continue to be a viable approach. They do not use information on sample size, but fortunately the maximum observed age is insensitive to sample size provided the sample size is reasonably large. Sometimes, the maximum age from an exploited population is used with an empirical regression estimator. This can give an estimate close to the natural mortality rate if relict, old fish are largely protected by virtue of their habitat or their low vulnerability to capture. However, in general, use of maximum age from an exploited population tends to give an estimate somewhere between the natural mortality rate and the maximum total mortality that the stock has experienced.Received May 18, 2016; accepted October 12, 2016 Published online December 12, 2016
Measuring the Growth Rate in Three Populations of Larval Lampreys with Mark–Recapture Techniques
Authors: Evans Thomas M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe growth rate of larval lampreys (ammocoetes) is of critical importance for scientists and managers seeking to better understand, control, and protect lamprey populations. To date, measurements of ammocoete growth have often relied upon indirect methods (e.g., length frequency), but direct measurements of growth rate in wild populations are rare. Lamprey ammocoetes in three streams were individually marked with visible implant elastomer and were subsequently recaptured. Ammocoete growth was variable among sites and among sample events (from −0.035 to 0.18 mm/d; from −0.0022 to 0.012 g/d), and maturation to the juvenile or adult stage was estimated to take 4–10 years, with some animals possibly requiring more time. American Brook Lampreys Lethenteron appendix grew 0.13 mm/d or 0.0055 g/d on average, whereas the growth of Sea Lampreys Petromyzon marinus was variable, with ammocoetes experiencing significantly higher mean growth at one site (0.12 mm/d; 0.0025 g/d) than at the other site (0.032 mm/d; 0.00039 g/d). These estimates provide support for the generally long growth periods of ammocoetes but also suggest that variability plays a wider role even within populations. The variability in growth rate may provide ammocoetes with a highly flexible life history, allowing them to exploit habitats under a variety of conditions potentially encountered during development.Received June 16, 2016; accepted October 12, 2016 Published online December 12, 2016
Predators Reject Yellow Perch Egg Skeins
Authors: Almeida L. Zoe , Guffey Samuel C. , Krieg Tyler A. , Höök Tomas O. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDespite the high rate of egg mortality due to predation, few teleost fishes utilize external casings for protecting their eggs. The gelatinous egg matrix, or skein, produced by Yellow Perch Perca flavescens may provide a variety of benefits including deterring egg predators. This study explored the chemical components of the skein in addition to testing the preferences of two common egg predators, Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus and calico crayfish Orconectes immunis, when presented with three potential egg prey: Yellow Perch eggs in the skein, Yellow Perch eggs without the skein, and Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas eggs. Preliminary analyses showed that the skein may contain a variety of potentially noxious components, including piperideine and the galactose‐specific lectin, nattectin. In preference trials, Yellow Perch eggs in the skein were often approached first; however, both predators preferred Yellow Perch eggs with the skein removed and Fathead Minnow eggs rather than Yellow Perch eggs in the skein. Further experiments demonstrated that crayfish spent less time attempting to consume Yellow Perch eggs in the skein after prior exposure to the skein (day 1: 11.0 min ± 1.3 [mean ± SE]; day 2: 7.6 min ± 1.4), reducing time spent damaging the eggs. These results indicate that the skein may help protect eggs from predation.Received July 18, 2016; accepted October 10, 2016 Published online December 12, 2016
Enhancing Hatch Rate and Survival in Laboratory-Reared Hybrid Devils Hole Pupfish through Application of Antibiotics to Eggs and Larvae
Authors: Feuerbacher Olin , Bonar Scott A , Barrett Paul J 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of four antibiotics in enhancing the hatch rate, larval survival, and adult survival of hybrid Devils Hole Pupfish Cyprinodon diabolis (hybridized with Ash Meadows Amargosa Pupfish C. nevadensis mionectes). Cephalexin (CEX; concentration = 6.6 mg/L of water), chloramphenicol (CAM; 50 mg/L), erythromycin (ERY; 12.5 mg/L), and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX; 25 mg/L) were applied as a constant bath either to incubating eggs or to larvae that hatched from untreated eggs. Hatch rate was roughly doubled by incubation in the presence of CAM (68% hatch) and TMP-SMX (66%) relative to the control (28%). Cephalexin and ERY conferred no benefit upon the hatch rate. Among fry that hatched from treated eggs, there was no increase in 15-d larval survival. However, fish that hatched from eggs treated with CAM, ERY, and TMP-SMX demonstrated enhanced survival at 360 d (51.2, 38.4, and 43.6%, respectively) and at 540 d (22.6, 6.8, and 20.2%, respectively); the untreated control had no survivors to those time points. All groups of eggs treated with antibiotics showed reductions in bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs) at 24 h posttreatment. At 120 h posttreatment, CEX-treated eggs had CFU counts similar to those of the control, whereas the TMP-SMX-treated eggs had the lowest CFU counts. Eggs treated with CAM and ERY had similar CFU counts, which were significantly reduced from the control counts. Larvae that were treated with CAM and TMP-SMX within 12 h posthatch showed enhanced 15-d survival (74% and 72%, respectively) in comparison with the control (56%). For pupfish rearing efforts in which antibiotic use is appropriate, CAM and TMP-SMX appear to provide the greatest benefit, particularly when applied to incubating eggs rather than to hatched larvae.