bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evaporative Demand Drought Index. Part II: CONUS-Wide Assessment against Common Drought Indicators
Authors: McEvoy Daniel J. , Huntington Justin L. , Hobbins Michael T. , Wood Andrew , Morton Charles , Anderson Martha , Hain Christopher 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Precipitation, soil moisture, and air temperature are the most commonly used climate variables to monitor drought; however, other climatic factors such as solar radiation, wind speed, and humidity can be important drivers in the depletion of soil moisture and evolution and persistence of drought. This work assesses the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI) at multiple time scales for several hydroclimates as the second part of a two-part study. EDDI and individual evaporative demand components were examined as they relate to the dynamic evolution of flash drought over the central United States, characterization of hydrologic drought over the western United States, and comparison to commonly used drought metrics of the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSI), and the evaporative stress index (ESI). Two main advantages of EDDI over other drought indices are that it is independent of precipitation (similar to ESI) and it can be decomposed to identify the role individual evaporative drivers have on drought onset and persistence. At short time scales, spatial distributions and time series results illustrate that EDDI often indicates drought onset well in advance of the USDM, SPI, and SSI. Results illustrate the benefits of physically based evaporative demand estimates and demonstrate EDDI’s utility and effectiveness in an easy-to-implement agricultural early warning and long-term hydrologic drought–monitoring tool with potential applications in seasonal forecasting and fire-weather monitoring.
A Wind Energy Ramp Tool and Metric for Measuring the Skill of Numerical Weather Prediction Models
Authors: Bianco Laura , Djalalova Irina V. , Wilczak James M. , Cline Joel , Calvert Stan , Konopleva-Akish Elena , Finley Cathy , Freedman Jeffrey 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A wind energy Ramp Tool and Metric (RT&M) has been developed out of recognition that during significant ramp events (large changes in wind power over short periods of time ) it is more difficult to balance the electric load with power production than during quiescent periods between ramp events. A ramp-specific metric is needed because standard metrics do not give special consideration to ramp events and hence may not provide an appropriate measure of model skill or skill improvement. This RT&M has three components. The first identifies ramp events in the power time series. The second matches in time forecast and observed ramps. The third determines a skill score of the forecast model. This is calculated from a utility operator’s perspective, incorporates phase and duration errors in time as well as power amplitude errors, and recognizes that up and down ramps have different impacts on grid operation. The RT&M integrates skill over a matrix of ramp events of varying amplitudes and durations.
Do invitations for cervical screening provide sufficient information to enable informed choice? A cross-sectional study of invitations for publicly funded cervical screening
Authors: Kolthoff Sie Karen , Hestbech Mie Sara , Jørgensen Karsten Juhl , Brodersen John 
Published: April 2016

Objective To investigate whether invitations for publicly funded cervical screening provide sufficient information to enable an informed choice about participation. Design Cross-sectional study using a checklist of 23 information items on benefits and harms from cervical screening and the risks related to cervical cancer. Material Invitations to publicly funded cervical screening in 10 Scandinavian and English-speaking countries. Setting Ten Scandinavian and English speaking countries. Participants Sixteen screening units representing 10 Scandinavian and English speaking countries. Main outcome measures Number of information items presented in invitations for cervical screening. Results We contacted 21 coordinating units from 11 countries and 20 (95%) responded. Of these, four units did not issue invitations, but the remaining 16 coordinating units in 10 different countries supplied a sample. The invitations for cervical screening were generally information poor and contained a median of only four out of 23 information items possible (17%), ranging from 0 to 12 (0–52%). The most important harms of cancer screening, overdiagnosis and overtreatment, were typically downplayed or unmentioned. The same applied to other important harms, such as false-positive results and the psychological consequences from an abnormal test result. The majority of invitations took a paternalistic approach. While only two invitations (17%) included a pre-assigned appointment date, eight (70%) of the invitations contained strong appeals for participation. Conclusions Invitations to cervical cancer screening were information poor and biased in favour of participation. This means that informed choice is not possible, which is in conflict with modern requirements for personal involvement in medical decisions.
Migraine and incidence of ischemic stroke: A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Peng Kuan-Po , Chen Yung-Tai , Fuh Jong-Ling , Tang Chao-Hsiun , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: April 2016

Background The association between migraine and the incidence of ischemic stroke varies in different subgroups of patients. We aimed to clarify this association using a population-based database. Method A nationwide cohort study was conducted using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Two cohorts were extracted: a neurologist-diagnosed migraine cohort, and a non-headache, propensity score-matched comparison cohort. All participants were enrolled in this study between 2005 and 2009, and were followed through the end of 2010, death, or the occurrence of ischemic stroke. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a Cox proportional hazards model to compare the between-group risks. Results Both cohorts ( n = 119,017 each) were followed for a mean period of 3.6 ± 1.3 years. A total of 744 migraine patients (429,741 person-years) and 617 matched comparison individuals (436,141 person-years) developed ischemic stroke during the research period. Compared to the comparison cohort, patients with migraine were at an increased risk of ischemic stroke (aHR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.12–1.38, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis by age and sex revealed the highest risk in women aged ≤ 45 years (aHR: 3.44, 95% CI: 2.20–5.39, p < 0.001), especially among those with migraine with aura (aHR: 4.58, 95% CI: 2.45 – 8.56, p < 0.001). A trend for increased stroke risk was observed in men aged ≤ 45 years (aHR: 1.54, 95% CI: 0.96–2.48, p = 0.075). Conclusion Migraine is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke, especially in younger (age ≤ 45 years) women with migraine with aura. The trend toward ischemic stroke in younger men merits further exploration.
Development of a primary cutaneous CD30(+) anaplastic large-cell T-cell lymphoma during treatment of multiple sclerosis with fingolimod
Authors: Papathemeli Despoina , Gräfe Ronald , Hildebrandt Uwe , Zettl Uwe K , Ulrich Jens 
Published: April 2016

Background: The appearance of solid tumors und lymphomas during treatment with fingolimod was observed in studies and has been described in case reports. Objective: To report a case of primary cutaneous CD30(+) anaplastic large-cell T-cell lymphoma during treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) with fingolimod. Methods: Case study. Results: Our patient developed a lymphoma a few weeks after initialization of therapy with fingolimod; 5 weeks after discontinuation of treatment the lesions resolved. Conclusion: Causality of fingolimod is indicated by the fact that the skin lesions appeared after commencement of treatment and resolved after discontinuation of therapy. This case serves as a reminder of the potential side effects of fingolimod.
What are the effects of nature conservation on human well-being? A systematic map of empirical evidence from developing countries
Authors: McKinnon Madeleine C. , Cheng Samantha H. , Dupre Samuel , Edmond Janet , Garside Ruth , Glew Louise , Holland Margaret B. , Levine Eliot , Masuda Yuta J. , Miller Daniel C. , Oliveira Isabella , Revenaz Justine , Roe Dilys , Shamer Sierra , Wilkie David , Wongbusarakum Supin , Woodhouse Emily 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
Global policy initiatives and international conservation organizations have sought to emphasize and strengthen the link between the conservation of natural ecosystems and human development. While many indices have been developed to measure various social outcomes to conservation interventions, the quantity and strength of evidence to support the effects, both positive and negative, of conservation on different dimensions of human well-being, remain unclear, dispersed and inconsistent.

Methods
We searched 11 academic citation databases, two search engines and 30 organisational websites for relevant articles using search terms tested with a library of 20 relevant articles. Key informants were contacted with requests for articles and possible sources of evidence. Articles were screened for relevance against predefined inclusion criteria at title, abstract and full text levels according to a published protocol. Included articles were coded using a questionnaire. A critical appraisal of eight systematic reviews was conducted to assess the reliability of methods and confidence in study findings. A visual matrix of the occurrence and extent of existing evidence was also produced.

Results
A total of 1043 articles were included in the systematic map database. Included articles measured effects across eight nature conservation-related intervention and ten human well-being related outcome categories. Linkages between interventions and outcomes with high occurrence of evidence include resource management interventions, such as fisheries and forestry, and economic and material outcomes. Over 25 % of included articles examined linkages between protected areas and aspects of economic well-being. Fewer than 2 % of articles evaluated human health outcomes. Robust study designs were limited with less than 9 % of articles using quantitative approaches to evaluate causal effects of interventions. Over 700 articles occurred in forest biomes with less than 50 articles in deserts or mangroves, combined.

Conclusions
The evidence base is growing on conservation-human well-being linkages, but biases in the extent and robustness of articles on key linkages persist. Priorities for systematic review, include linkages between marine resource management and economic/material well-being outcomes; and protected areas and governance outcomes. Greater and more robust evidence is needed for many established interventions to better understand synergies and trade-offs between interventions, in particular those that are emerging or contested.
Registration CEE review 14-012
A systematic review of objective burn scar measurements
Authors: Lee Kwang Chear , Dretzke Janine , Grover Liam , Logan Ann , Moiemen Naiem 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundProblematic scarring remains a challenging aspect to address in the treatment of burns and can significantly affect the quality of life of the burn survivor. At present, there are few treatments available in the clinic to control adverse scarring, but experimental pharmacological anti-scarring strategies are now beginning to emerge. Their comparative success must be based on objective measurements of scarring, yet currently the clinical assessment of scars is not carried out systematically and is mostly based on subjective review of patients. However, several techniques and devices are being introduced that allow objective analysis of the burn scar. The aim of this article is to evaluate various objective measurement tools currently available and recommend a useful panel that is suitable for use in clinical trials of anti-scarring therapies.MethodsA systematic literature search was done using the Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane databases. The identified devices were then classified and grouped according to the parameters they measured.The tools were then compared and assessed in terms of inter- and intra-rater reproducibility, ease of use and cost.ResultsAfter duplicates were removed, 5062 articles were obtained in the search. After further screening, 157 articles which utilised objective burn scar measurement systems or tools were obtained. The scar measurement devices can be broadly classified into those measuring colour, metric variables, texture, biomechanical properties and pathophysiological disturbances.ConclusionsObjective scar measurement tools allow the accurate and reproducible evaluation of scars, which is important for both clinical and scientific use. However, studies to evaluate their relative performance and merits of these tools are scarce, and there remain factors, such as itch and pain, which cannot be measured objectively. On reviewing the available evidence, a panel of devices for objective scar measurement is recommended consisting of the 3D cameras (Eykona/Lifeviz/Vectra H1) for surface area and volume, DSM II colorimeter for colour, Dermascan high-frequency ultrasound for scar thickness and Cutometer for skin elasticity and pliability.
Η Θεωρία της Πολλαπλής Νοημοσύνης ως κινητήριος δύναμη ενεργοποίησης και μαθησιακής εξέλιξης στην Ανοικτή και εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευση με την αξιοποίηση των ΤΠΕ
Authors: Λιγούτσικου Έφη , Κουτσούμπα Μαρία , Κουστουράκης Γεράσιμος , Λιοναράκης Αντώνης 
Published: April 2016

Η ανοικτή και εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση (ΑεξΑΕ) με τις δυνατότητες που επαγγέλλονται οι τεχνολογίες της πληροφορίας και της επικοινωνίας (ΤΠΕ), συνηγορούν σε μια αλματώδη ανάπτυξη της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας και σε μια επακόλουθη επαυξημένη ενίσχυσή της με πρόσθετες εναλλακτικές επιλογές εναρμονισμένες τόσο με τις τρέχουσες κοινωνικό-πολιτικές εξελίξεις αλλά και με την ταυτότητα της κουλτούρας της ψηφιακής εποχής, όσο και με τις απαιτήσεις μιας πολυαισθητηριακής και πολυθεματικής προσέγγισης της μάθησης που συνειρμικά παραπέμπουν στη Θεωρία της Πολλαπλής Νοημοσύνης του Gardner. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να διερευνηθεί εάν και με ποιο τρόπο η πολυμορφική ΑεξΑΕ δύναται στη σημερινή εποχή των ΤΠΕ να σχετιστεί με τη Θεωρία της Πολλαπλής Νοημοσύνης του Gardner. Για τον σκοπό αυτό διερευνώνται η πολυμορφία και η πολλαπλότητα που διέπουν την ΑεξΑΕ στη βάση της Θεωρίας της Πολλαπλής Νοημοσύνης του Garder με βασικό πυρήνα αναφοράς την αντίστοιχα πολλαπλή ενεργοποίηση και περαιτέρω μαθησιακή εξέλιξη των εκπαιδευομένων στους χώρους της ΑεξΑΕ με την αξιοποίηση των ΤΠΕ. Από την ανάλυση διαπιστώθηκε η ύπαρξη εφαπτόμενων σημείων ανάμεσα στην πολυμορφική διάσταση της ΑεξΑΕ, ως εκπαιδευτικής και μαθησιακής διεργασίας, και στη Θεωρία Πολλαπλής Νοημοσύνης που ενισχύεται μέσω της συσχέτισης των διαδικτυακών/ψηφιακών μέσων και της δυνητικής πολυδιάστατης ανάπτυξης των εκπαιδευομένων.
e-mandoulides και Αντίστροφη Τάξη: δεδομένα από τα δύο πρώτα έτη εφαρμογής
Authors: Χατζάκης Δημήτριος 
Published: April 2016

<p>H παρούσα ανακοίνωση αποτελεί μια συμβολή στη μελέτη της σχολικής εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης στην Ελλάδα. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, θα εξετάσουμε το πώς φαίνεται να εφαρμόζεται η Αντίστροφη Τάξη (Flipped Classroom) στα Εκπαιδευτήρια Μαντουλίδη στη Β’ και Γ’ Γυμνασίου μέσα από τις απαντήσεις που έδωσαν διδάσκοντες και διδασκόμενοι στα ερωτηματολόγια στα οποία κλήθηκαν να απαντήσουν από τον ίδιο τον φορέα κατά τα σχολικά έτη 2012-2013 και 2013-2014. Από το συγκεκριμένο υλικό προκύπτει ότι η εφαρμογή της Αντίστροφης Τάξης στο συγκεκριμένο εκπαιδευτικό ίδρυμα παρουσιάζει διάφορα θετικά στοιχεία όπως ότι τα βιντεομαθήματα που παρέχονται στα πλαίσια της Αντίστροφης Τάξης βοηθούν στην κατανόηση του μαθήματος. Από την άλλη πλευρά, δε φαίνεται να έχουν ενταχθεί ακόμα σε επαρκή βαθμό στη διδακτική πράξη, αφού η πλειοψηφία των μαθητών δήλωσε ότι τα παρακολουθεί μόνο όταν αυτό ζητείται από τον διδάσκοντα, δεν τα παρακολουθεί αν δεν έχει χρόνο και ότι η παράδοση του μαθήματος δε φαίνεται να έχει αλλάξει σε σημαντικό βαθμό λόγω της Αντίστροφης Τάξης. </p>
An exploratory study of reiki experiences in women who have cancer
Authors: Kirshbaum Marilynne N , Stead Maxine , Bartys Serena 
Published: April 2016

Aims: To explore the perceptions and experiences of reiki for women who have cancer and identify outcome measures for an intervention study. Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative study of 10 women who had received reiki after cancer treatment was conducted. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and coded using framework analysis. Results: Key themes identified were: limited understanding of reiki prior to receiving any reiki; release of emotional strain during reiki—feelings of a release of energy, a clearing of the mind from cancer, inner peace/relaxation, hope, a sense of being cared for; experience of physical sensations during reiki, such as pain relief and tingling; physical, emotional and cognitive improvements after reiki, such as improved sleep, a sense of calm and peace, reduced depression and improved self-confidence. Conclusion: Findings suggest that reiki could be a beneficial tool in the self-management of quality of life issues for women who have cancer.
A Spoken-Language Intervention for School-Aged Boys With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: McDuffie Andrea , Machalicek Wendy , Bullard Lauren , Nelson Sarah , Mello Melissa , Tempero-Feigles Robyn , Castignetti Nancy , Abbeduto Leonard 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Using a single case design, a parent-mediated spoken-language intervention was delivered to three mothers and their school-aged sons with fragile X syndrome, the leading inherited cause of intellectual disability. The intervention was embedded in the context of shared storytelling using wordless picture books and targeted three empirically derived language-support strategies. All sessions were implemented through distance videoteleconferencing. Parent education sessions were followed by 12 weekly clinician coaching and feedback sessions. Data were collected weekly during independent homework and clinician observation sessions. Relative to baseline, mothers increased their use of targeted strategies, and dyads increased the frequency and duration of story-related talking. Generalized effects of the intervention on lexical diversity and grammatical complexity were observed. Implications for practice are discussed.
Innovación en materiales a partir de desechos.
Authors: Yajnes Arq. Marta Edith , Caruso Arq. Susana Inés 
Published: April 2016

El CEP FADU–UBA funciona desde el año 1986 bajo la dirección del Arq. Carlos Levinton. A través de los años ha colaborado con la comunidad en resolver situaciones relacionadas con manejo de riesgo y remediación habitacional en ocasión de desastres (Levinton, Caruso, Yajnes, 2012). Además se realiza en el Centro Investigación y Docencia en Innovación sobre Materiales Sostenibles de Construcción con Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) y Residuos de Construcción y Demolición (RCD), Vivienda Saludable y Capacitación a Cooperativas, a través de un programa de creación de Empleos Verdes. Se describe aquí la experiencia de las Arqs. Yajnes y Caruso durante el desarrollo de los Proyectos SI que dirigen (sin presupuesto asignado) y la evolución de los mismos hasta la aplicación a casos reales. Se trata de un bloque de cerramiento fabricado con RCD y de un cielorraso de placas de papel cemento con fabricación y colocación en una vivienda.
Palabras clave
construcción; demolición; investigación; residuos; sostenible
Centro histórico de Salvador
Authors: De Sant’Anna Dra. Arq. Marcia  Genésia 
Published: April 2016

O artigo examina o problema da falta de regulamentação e de normas específicas para a preservação do Centro Histórico da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, reconhecido como Patrimônio da Humanidade. Este relativo “vazio legal”, de uma maneira que ainda não foi suficientemente avaliada, tem possibilitando a proposição e realização de projetos arquitetônicos e urbanos que comprometem ou destroem os valores culturais e paisagísticos que se busca proteger nesta área da cidade. Após algumas tentativas de normatização conduzidas ao longo dos anos 1980, a proteção conferida a este setor da cidade pela legislação federal e a Lei Municipal Nº 3.289/1983, que instituiu a “Área de Proteção Cultural e Paisagística” da área central, permanecem como instrumentos que contêm apenas diretrizes genéricas e de aplicação difícil. O artigo descreve, sucintamente, as principais consequências deste problema e, por fim, reflete sobre as razões e interesses que alimentam a permanência dessa situação por mais de 30 anos.
Palabras clave
legislação; patrimônio urbano; planejamento urbano; bahia; Brasil
Tailored Finite Point Method for Parabolic Problems
Authors: Huang Zhongyi , Yang Yi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a class of new tailored finite point
methods (TFPM) for the numerical solution of parabolic equations. Our finite
point method has been tailored based on the local exponential basis
functions. By the idea of our TFPM, we can recover all the traditional
finite difference schemes. We can also construct some new TFPM schemes with better stability condition and accuracy. Furthermore, combining with the Shishkin mesh technique, we construct the uniformly convergent
TFPM scheme for the convection-dominant convection-diffusion problem. Our numerical examples show the
efficiency and reliability of TFPM.
Konjunktur, Wachstum und Traverse: Adolph Lowes Beitrag zur Wirtschaftstheorie / Cycles, Growth and Traverse: Adolph Lowe's Contributions to Economic Theory
Authors: Caspari Volker 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit den drei Themenbereichen der ökonomischen Theorie, zu denen Adolph Lowe wesentliche Beiträge geliefert hat. Zunächst werden seine in der Weimarer Zeit verfaßten Beiträge zur Konjunkturtheorie dargestellt. Daran schließt sich eine Würdigung seiner Beiträge zur disaggregierten Wachstumstheorie, zur Traversenanalyse und zur Diskussion um die durch technischen Fortschritt erzeugte Freisetzung von Arbeit an. Mit der vornehmlichen Konzentration auf das Gleichgewichtskonzept der langen Periode und der Analyse von Reproduktionsbedingungen erweist sich Lowe als ein Ökonom, der sowohl methodisch als auch thematisch an die klassische Wirtschaftstheorie anknüpft.
Dynamics of Continuous Time and Related Discrete Time Economic Models / Dynamische Modelle mit stetiger Zeit und verwandte zeitdiskrete Modelle
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Herman J. , Schoonbeek Lambert 
Published: April 2016

Summary
We compare the dynamic behaviour of a given linear economic model with continuous time and two discrete time models derived from it. The latter two models with discrete time play an important role in the literature on econometric models with continuous time. We analyze and compare the eigenvalues of the models, and obtain results with respect to the stability behaviour and the periods of oscillations that arise in the case of complex eigenvalues.