bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis, and in vitro Anti‐mycobacterial Evaluation of Propylene‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐methylene‐tethered (Thio)semicarbazone‐isatin‐moxifloxacin Hybrids
Authors: Xu Zhi , Song Xu‐Feng , Fan Jing , Lv Zao‐Sheng 
Published: October 2017

A new class of propylene‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐methylene‐tethered (thio)semicarbazone‐isatin‐moxifloxacin hybrids 6a–h was designed, synthesized, and screened for their in vitro anti‐mycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv and MDR‐TB as well as cytotoxicity in VERO cell line. All the synthesized hybrids (MIC: 0.05–2.0 μg/mL) exhibited excellent activities against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and MDR‐TB; in particular, conjugate 6c (MIC: 0.05 and 0.12 μg/mL) was no inferior to the three references MXFX (MIC: 0.10 and 0.12 μg/mL), RIF (MIC: 0.39 and 32 μg/mL), and INH (MIC: 0.05 and >128 μg/mL) against the tested two strains. All hybrids (CC50: 2–8 μg/mL) were much more cytotoxic than the parent MXFX (CC50: 128 μg/mL) should be further optimized.
Spatial and temporal variability of the Iberian Peninsula coastal low‐level jet
Authors: Rijo Nadia , Semedo Alvaro , Miranda Pedro M. A. , Lima Daniela , Cardoso Rita M. , Soares Pedro M. M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe spatial variability and the climatic characteristics of the coastal low‐level jet along the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula are presented in this study, based on a 9‐km resolution downscaling data set, produced using the weather research and forecasting model, forced by the ERA‐Interim reanalysis. The west coast of Iberia is divided into two (north and south) subareas, where the Iberian Peninsula coastal jet (IPCJ) characteristics are studied separately, and compared to the whole western Iberia. It is shown that while IPCJ occurrences are more frequent in the southern area, during summer (June–August), the jet mean wind speed maxima is highest in the northernmost area. The along‐ and cross‐coast sea surface temperature (SST) structure is studied and linked to the coastal wind speed. It is also shown that the local cross‐coast marine atmospheric boundary layer gradient at the coast is considerably higher than the synoptic one, and that this difference is responsible for the local intensification of the wind speed. The flow interaction with the three major capes along the west coast of Iberia (Finisterre, Roca, and Saint Vincent) is responsible for local higher occurrence of the IPCJ, as well as the downwind intensification of the wind speed. The along‐coast west Iberia wind speed structure due to IPCJ occurrences is shown. The diurnal cycle of the IPCJ is studied in the extended boreal summer (May–September), with higher mean IPCJ occurrences and jet wind speeds in late the afternoon.
Additive manufactured push‐fit implant fixation with screw‐strength pull out
Authors: van Arkel Richard J. , Ghouse Shaaz , Milner Piers E. , Jeffers Jonathan R. T. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAdditive manufacturing offers exciting new possibilities for improving long‐term metallic implant fixation in bone through enabling open porous structures for bony ingrowth. The aim of this research was to investigate how the technology could also improve initial fixation, a precursor to successful long‐term fixation. A new barbed fixation mechanism, relying on flexible struts was proposed and manufactured as a push‐fit peg. The technology was optimized using a synthetic bone model and compared with conventional press‐fit peg controls tested over a range of interference fits. Optimum designs, achieving maximum pull‐out force, were subsequently tested in a cadaveric femoral condyle model. The barbed fixation surface provided more than double the pull‐out force for less than a third of the insertion force compared to the best performing conventional press‐fit peg (p < 0.001). Indeed, it provided screw‐strength pull out from a push‐fit device (1,124 ± 146 N). This step change in implant fixation potential offers new capabilities for low profile, minimally invasive implant design, while providing new options to simplify surgery, allowing for one‐piece push‐fit components with high levels of initial stability. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 36:1508–1518, 2018.
The use of factorial design to evaluate the oxidation of oils containing different types of omega‐3 fatty acids
Authors: Agnes Dias Fabiano Thamyris , Grassmann Roschel Gabriela , Alves Castro Inar 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDOmega‐3 fatty acids (n3 FA) promote beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, but they are highly susceptible to oxidation, which leads to the formation of potentially toxic secondary products. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of natural compounds (sinapic acid and rutin) was evaluated using an accelerated model to oxidize the oils. Five inducers (temperature, Fe2+, 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, ascorbyl palmitate and the hydrophobic 2,2′‐azobis‐2,4‐dimethylvaleronitrile (AMVN)) were combined in a factorial design to accelerate the oxidation of three oils (flaxseed, echium and fish) containing different sources of n3 FA.RESULTSLipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations estimated using the regression models did not differ from the observed values. AMVN + Fe2+ increased TBARS in all samples.CONCLUSIONThe values for the oxidative markers obtained 48 h after induction were similar to those obtained when the oils were heated at 60 ° C for 15 days. Of a number of volatile compounds formed from the oxidation of different n3 FA sources, (E,E)‐2,4‐heptadienal, (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal, decanal, undecanal and (E)‐2‐undecenal were identified in all samples and could be used as more specific oxidative markers. Using the accelerated model, rutin improved the oxidative stability of fish oil, probably due to the presence of a catechol group in its chemical structure. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Phase Segregation in Supramolecular Polymers Based on Telechelics Synthesized via Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Sehlinger Ansgar , Bartnick Nikolai , Gunkel Ilja , Meier Michael A. R. , Montero de Espinosa Lucas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe properties of supramolecular polymers in the solid state are strongly dependent on the binding strength of the supramolecular motifs used; however, It has been previously shown that the nanostructure of supramolecular polymers plays an equally important role. Supramolecular polymers are commonly synthesized via end‐group functionalization of low‐glass transition telechelics with supramolecular units. In these systems, the binding motifs segregate from the soft telechelic backbone and form a hydrogen bonded crystalline hard phase that provides physical cross‐links. To date, the reported synthetic approaches do not permit the introduction of a wide variety of supramolecular units with low synthetic effort, which would facilitate studying the structure‐property relationships. The use of the Passerini and Ugi multicomponent reactions to synthesize various poly(ethylene‐co‐butylene) telechelics with diverse amide end‐groups is reported. The thermal properties of the supramolecular polymers obtained through their solid‐state assembly are investigated and their nanophase‐segregation is studied, which is dictated by the end‐group volume fraction and the amide–amide hydrogen bonding.
Systematic Variation of the Degree of Branching (DB) of Polyglycerol via Oxyanionic Copolymerization of Glycidol with a Protected Glycidyl Ether and Its Impact on Rheological Properties
Authors: Schubert Christian , Schömer Martina , Steube Marvin , Decker Stefan , Friedrich Christian , Frey Holger 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn an oxyanionic polymerization, glycidol as a latent AB2 monomer is copolymerized with the protected linear AB glycidyl ether monomer EEGE (ethoxy ethyl glycidyl ether) to generate hyperbranched polyglycerols with an adjustable degree of branching (DB) after deprotection. The DB for the random copolymers is controlled by the comonomer content (10–92% EEGE). Detailed 13C NMR and 2D NMR studies are carried out for precise calculation of the actual DB, which is in the range of 0.17–0.58. The acetal protecting group of EEGE can be cleaved by acidic treatment to generate linear or terminal glycerol units with increased content of linear glycerol repeat units and thus decreased DB. The course of the DB with increasing AB comonomer content perfectly confirms the theoretical prediction, demonstrating that high AB contents (>50%) are required for a significant reduction of the DB. Moderate polydispersities are obtained for the resulting polyglycerols (Mw/Mn < 2.0, Mn: 4100–5100 g mol−1). The hyperbranched polyglycerols with tailored degree of branching (DB) are investigated. A pronounced dependence of the structure‐property relationship on the degree of branching indicates increasing intramolecular hydrogen bonds when increasing the degree of branching.
Initiated‐Chemical Vapor Deposition of Polymer Thin Films: Unexpected Two‐Regime Growth
Authors: Bonnet Laetitia , Altemus Bruce , Scarazzini Riccardo , Veillerot Marc , D'Agosto Franck , Faguet Jacques , Jousseaume Vincent 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInitiated‐chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) is a very promising technique which has demonstrated the ability to deposit a large variety of polymers that can be integrated in micro‐nanotechnology applications. However, studies on the underlying growth mechanisms responsible for the formation of these thin films remain scarce in the literature. This work shows that the iCVD growth follows surprisingly two regimes: in the first stage of the growth, the deposition rate is relatively slow then increases with the deposition time until a linear growth is reached. The presence of these two growth regimes can be interpreted by taking into account, as the iCVD growth progresses, that the synthesized polymer chains help the monomer adsorption on the substrate which locally increases the concentration of monomers available for the polymerization and thus the growth rate. This increase of the local concentration of monomer consistently correlates with the formation of polymer chains with higher molar mass.
Calculating potential error in sodium MRI with respect to the analysis of small objects
Authors: Stobbe Robert W. , Beaulieu Christian 
Published: October 2017

PurposeTo facilitate correct interpretation of sodium MRI measurements, calculation of error with respect to rapid signal decay is introduced and combined with that of spatially correlated noise to assess volume‐of‐interest (VOI) 23Na signal measurement inaccuracies, particularly for small objects.MethodsNoise and signal decay–related error calculations were verified using twisted projection imaging and a specially designed phantom with different sized spheres of constant elevated sodium concentration. As a demonstration, lesion signal measurement variation (5 multiple sclerosis participants) was compared with that predicted from calculation.ResultsBoth theory and phantom experiment showed that VOI signal measurement in a large 10‐mL, 314‐voxel sphere was 20% less than expected on account of point‐spread‐function smearing when the VOI was drawn to include the full sphere. Volume‐of‐interest contraction reduced this error but increased noise‐related error. Errors were even greater for smaller spheres (40–60% less than expected for a 0.35‐mL, 11‐voxel sphere). Image‐intensity VOI measurements varied and increased with multiple sclerosis lesion size in a manner similar to that predicted from theory. Correlation suggests large underestimation of 23Na signal in small lesions.ConclusionsAcquisition‐specific measurement error calculation aids 23Na MRI data analysis and highlights the limitations of current low‐resolution methodologies. Magn Reson Med 79:2968–2977, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Comparing a novel hand held device (Peritron+) to standard urodynamics in measuring intravesical pressure
Authors: Ruzhynsky Vladimir A. , Bitzos Stephanie , Goping Ing , Radomski Sidney B. 
Published: October 2017

AimsPeritron+ is a new handheld device, which can be attached to a urethral catheter to measure intravesical pressures (Pves). The goal of this study was to assess if Pves recorded by standard urodynamics (UDs) are comparable to those recorded by the Peritron+.MethodsPatients with voiding dysfunction and an indication for UD underwent measurement of Pves with nonvideo UD and Peritron+. Pves were recorded at volumes of 50, 100, and 200 mL for the supine and sitting positions. A failure of the Peritron+ was considered to be a discrepancy of Pves values >3 cmH2O between Peritron+ and UD recordings. Two‐way ANOVA was used to assess for statistical significance. P‐values < 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsTen female patients, mean age 51 years old, were enrolled in the study. The difference in Pves measurements between Peritron+ and UD were ≤3 cmH2O at all bladder volumes measured in a supine and sitting positions. There were no adverse events and there were no malfunctions of the Peritron+ device during the study.ConclusionsPeritron+ handheld device accurately assessed Pves at different intravesical volumes when compared to UD measurements. The Peritron+ is a simple and safe device, which can be used in the office by a clinician and at home by a patient to monitor Pves and help to select patients who may require standard UD re‐evaluation. This will be a valuable tool in managing patients with neurogenic and nonneurogenic bladders who are at a risk of upper urinary tract deterioration.
Heat Shock Protein 60 in Obesity: Effect of Bariatric Surgery and its Relation to Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Sell Henrike , Poitou Christine , Habich Christiane , Bouillot Jean‐Luc , Eckel Jürgen , Clément Karine 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveHeat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is an adipokine, and its serum concentrations are higher in patients with obesity compared to lean patients. This study aimed to analyze the effect of bariatric surgery on circulating concentrations of Hsp60 in morbid obesity and their correlation with inflammation and metabolic and cardiovascular risk.MethodsFifty‐three females with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery were enrolled. Serum parameters and anthropometric measures were obtained at baseline and 3 to 12 months post surgery.ResultsDuring the 12‐month observation period, Hsp60 decreased significantly from 31.6 ± 4.7 ng/mL at baseline to 22.3 ± 3.0 ng/mL (3 months), 26.5 ± 5.5 (6 months), and 21.1 ± 3.3 ng/mL (12 months). Preoperatively, Hsp60 concentrations correlated positively with total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and negatively with adiponectin. At the end of the observation period, serum Hsp60 positively correlated with triglycerides, ApoB, HbA1c, and C‐reactive protein (CRP). Patients in the highest quartile of serum Hsp60 were characterized by significantly elevated CRP and interleukin 6 independently of BMI, glycemia, and insulinemia. At baseline and 12 months after surgery, Hsp60 positively correlated with the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and the cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio.ConclusionsHsp60 concentrations are elevated in morbid obesity and decreased after surgery‐induced weight loss. Their correlation with inflammatory markers and cardiovascular risk might link obesity and cardiovascular disease.
Role of Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor (PPARγ) in Metabolic Disorders in SGA with Catch‐Up Growth
Authors: Lian Qiong‐Xia , Deng Hong‐Zhu , Chen Kai‐Yun , Deng Hong 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveAbnormal fat metabolism is a major disorder in adults who were small for gestational age (SGA). Peroxisome prolferator‐activated receptor (PPARγ) participates in adipocyte differentiation and the regulation of lipid metabolism. This study explored the role of PPARγ in the regulation of fat catch‐up growth (CUG) and the lipid metabolism of SGA individuals.MethodsThe CUG‐SGA rats were treated with pioglitazone. The weight of the visceral adipose tissue, serum lipid levels, and PPARγ expression in the visceral adipose tissue were detected at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age.ResultsThe PPARγ expression in the visceral adipose tissue in the CUG‐SGA group was lower than that in the appropriate for gestational age (AGA) group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks (P < 0.05). The serum triglycerides in the CUG‐SGA group were elevated compared with that in the AGA group at 4 and 12 weeks (P = 0.005; P = 0.037); however, they were significantly decreased after 8 weeks of pioglitazone intervention (P = 0.001).ConclusionsPPARγ expression in the visceral adipose tissue was lower in SGA rats and may be related to the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. The early increased PPARγ expression by pioglitazone might reduce serum triglycerides and decrease the CUG of the visceral adipose tissue in SGA.
Computational characterization of substrate and product specificities, and functionality of S‐adenosylmethionine binding pocket in histone lysine methyltransferases from Arabidopsis, rice and maize
Authors: Satish Mutyala , Nivya M. Angel , Abhishek Suman , Nakarakanti Naveen Kumar , Shivani Dixit , Vani Madishetti Vinuthna , Rajakumara Eerappa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHistone lysine methylation by histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs) has been implicated in regulation of gene expression. While significant progress has been made to understand the roles and mechanisms of animal HKMT functions, only a few plant HKMTs are functionally characterized. To unravel histone substrate specificity, degree of methylation and catalytic activity, we analyzed Arabidopsis Trithorax‐like protein (ATX), Su(var)3‐9 homologs protein (SUVH), Su(var)3‐9 related protein (SUVR), ATXR5, ATXR6, and E(Z) HKMTs of Arabidopsis, maize and rice through sequence and structure comparison. We show that ATXs may exhibit methyltransferase specificity toward histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and might catalyse the trimethylation. Our analyses also indicate that most SUVH proteins of Arabidopsis may bind histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9). We also predict that SUVH7, SUVH8, SUVR1, SUVR3, ZmSET20 and ZmSET22 catalyse monomethylation or dimethylation of H3K9. Except for SDG728, which may trimethylate H3K9, all SUVH paralogs in rice may catalyse monomethylation or dimethylation. ZmSET11, ZmSET31, SDG713, SDG715, and SDG726 proteins are predicted to be catalytically inactive because of an incomplete S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) binding pocket and a post‐SET domain. E(Z) homologs can trimethylate H3K27 substrate, which is similar to the Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 of humans. Our comparative sequence analyses reveal that ATXR5 and ATXR6 lack motifs/domains required for protein‐protein interaction and polycomb repressive complex 2 complex formation. We propose that subtle variations of key residues at substrate or SAM binding pocket, around the catalytic pocket, or presence of pre‐SET and post‐SET domains in HKMTs of the aforementioned plant species lead to variations in class‐specific HKMT functions and further determine their substrate specificity, the degree of methylation and catalytic activity.
Bio‐prospecting endemic Mascarene Aloes for potential neuroprotectants
Authors: Lobine D. , Howes M‐J.R. , Cummins I. , Govinden‐Soulange J. , Ranghoo‐Sanmukhiya M. , Lindsey K. , Chazot P.L. 
Published: October 2017

The Mascarene Aloes are used in the traditional pharmacopoeia against various ailments including cutaneous diseases and as antispasmodics. Scientific evidence to support these claims is non‐existent and mainly based on the scientific repute of A. vera. The antioxidant profile of methanolic leaf extracts of A. purpurea Lam., A. tormentorii (Marais) L. E. Newton & G. D. Rowley, A. lomatophylloides Balf. f., A. macra Haw. and A. vera (L.) Burm. f. was studied using the total antioxidant capacity, copper equivalent and superoxide dismutase assays. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated on CAD (Cath.‐a‐differentiated) neuronal cells by the methyl tetrazolium assay, and the neuroprotective profile was assessed using hydrogen peroxide‐induced neurotoxicity with the CAD cells. The aloin and vitexin content were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection. A. purpurea had the highest aloin content (546.6 nmol/g), while A. tormentorii had the highest vitexin content (67.3 nmol/g). A. macra (concentration <0.1 mg/mL) elicited a 10% cytotoxicity effect on CAD cells while other Mascarene Aloes were not cytotoxic. This study validates the antioxidant and neuroprotective potential of Mascarene Aloes focusing on their aloin and vitexin content that are also present in other reputed medicinal Aloes.
Protective effect of cinnamic acid in endotoxin‐poisoned mice
Authors: Xu Feng , Wang Feng , Wen Taoqun , Sang Wentao , He Xinyu , Li Ling , Zeng Nan 
Published: October 2017

In this work, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of cinnamic acid (CD) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli 055:B5)‐induced endotoxin‐poisoned mice and clarify the underlying mechanisms. The mice were administrated CD 5 d before 15 mg/kg LPS challenge. 12 hr later, thymus was separated for determination of thymus indexes. Lung and spleen tissues were collected for histologic examination and the wet/dry weight ratio of lung was calculated, and serum was acquired for tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐18, and IL‐1β measurement. Moreover, the expression of NOD‐like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was determined in lung. CD increased the thymus indexes and decreased lung wet/dry weight ratio. In addition, CD improved the lung and spleen histopathological changes induced by LPS and decreased the number of neutrophils in lung tissues. CD also inhibited the pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐18, and IL‐1β) production in serum. Furthermore, CD suppressed the LPS‐induced NLRP3, Caspase‐1, and IL‐1β mRNA expression in lung, as well as the expression of NLRP3 and Caspase‐1 (p20) protein. CD may have protective effects in endotoxin‐poisoned mice via inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, and can be considered as a potential therapeutic candidate for diseases involved in endotoxin poisoning such as sepsis.
Mechanisms of urodele limb regeneration
Authors: Stocum David L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis review explores the historical and current state of our knowledge about urodele limb regeneration. Topics discussed are (1) blastema formation by the proteolytic histolysis of limb tissues to release resident stem cells and mononucleate cells that undergo dedifferentiation, cell cycle entry and accumulation under the apical epidermal cap. (2) The origin, phenotypic memory, and positional memory of blastema cells. (3) The role played by macrophages in the early events of regeneration. (4) The role of neural and AEC factors and interaction between blastema cells in mitosis and distalization. (5) Models of pattern formation based on the results of axial reversal experiments, experiments on the regeneration of half and double half limbs, and experiments using retinoic acid to alter positional identity of blastema cells. (6) Possible mechanisms of distalization during normal and intercalary regeneration. (7) Is pattern formation is a self‐organizing property of the blastema or dictated by chemical signals from adjacent tissues? (8) What is the future for regenerating a human limb?