bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Organic Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on Multiple‐Donor or Multiple‐Acceptor Components
Authors: Huang Wenchao , Cheng Pei , Yang Yang (Michael) , Li Gang , Yang Yang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) based on bulk heterojunction structures are promising candidates for next‐generation solar cells. However, the narrow absorption bandwidth of organic semiconductors is a critical issue resulting in insufficient usage of the energy from the solar spectrum, and as a result, it hinders performance. Devices based on multiple‐donor or multiple‐acceptor components with complementary absorption spectra provide a solution to address this issue. OSCs based on multiple‐donor or multiple‐acceptor systems have achieved power conversion efficiencies over 12%. Moreover, the introduction of an additional component can further facilitate charge transfer and reduce charge recombination through cascade energy structure and optimized morphology. This progress report provides an overview of the recent progress in OSCs based on multiple‐donor (polymer/polymer, polymer/dye, and polymer/small molecule) or multiple‐acceptor (fullerene/fullerene, fullerene/nonfullerene, and nonfullerene/nonfullerene) components.
Efficient Supercapacitor Energy Storage Using Conjugated Microporous Polymer Networks Synthesized from Buchwald–Hartwig Coupling
Authors: Liao Yaozu , Wang Haige , Zhu Meifang , Thomas Arne 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSupercapacitors have received increasing interest as energy storage devices due to their rapid charge–discharge rates, high power densities, and high durability. In this work, novel conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) networks are presented for supercapacitor energy storage, namely 3D polyaminoanthraquinone (PAQ) networks synthesized via Buchwald–Hartwig coupling between 2,6‐diaminoanthraquinone and aryl bromides. PAQs exhibit surface areas up to 600 m2 g−1, good dispersibility in polar solvents, and can be processed to flexible electrodes. The PAQs exhibit a three‐electrode specific capacitance of 576 F g−1 in 0.5 m H2SO4 at a current of 1 A g−1 retaining 80–85% capacitances and nearly 100% Coulombic efficiencies (95–98%) upon 6000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1. Asymmetric two‐electrode supercapacitors assembled by PAQs show a capacitance of 168 F g−1 of total electrode materials, an energy density of 60 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1300 W kg−1, and a wide working potential window (0–1.6 V). The asymmetric supercapacitors show Coulombic efficiencies up to 97% and can retain 95.5% of initial capacitance undergo 2000 cycles. This work thus presents novel promising CMP networks for charge energy storage.
Fine‐Tuning of Molecular Packing and Energy Level through Methyl Substitution Enabling Excellent Small Molecule Acceptors for Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency up to 12.54%
Authors: Luo Zhenghui , Bin Haijun , Liu Tao , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Yang Yankang , Zhong Cheng , Qiu Beibei , Li Guanghao , Gao Wei , Xie Dongjun , Wu Kailong , Sun Yanming , Liu Feng , Li Yongfang , Yang Chuluo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA novel small molecule acceptor MeIC with a methylated end‐capping group is developed. Compared to unmethylated counterparts (ITCPTC), MeIC exhibits a higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level value, tighter molecular packing, better crystallites quality, and stronger absorption in the range of 520–740 nm. The MeIC‐based polymer solar cells (PSCs) with J71 as donor, achieve high power conversion efficiency (PCE), up to 12.54% with a short‐circuit current (JSC) of 18.41 mA cm−2, significantly higher than that of the device based on J71:ITCPTC (11.63% with a JSC of 17.52 mA cm−2). The higher JSC of the PSC based on J71:MeIC can be attributed to more balanced μh/μe, higher charge dissociation and charge collection efficiency, better molecular packing, and more proper phase separation features as indicated by grazing incident X‐ray diffraction and resonant soft X‐ray scattering results. It is worth mentioning that the as‐cast PSCs based on MeIC also yield a high PCE of 11.26%, which is among the highest value for the as‐cast nonfullerene PSCs so far. Such a small modification that leads to so significant an improvement of the photovoltaic performance is a quite exciting finding, shining a light on the molecular design of the nonfullerene acceptors.
Self‐Assembled Ag‐MXA Superclusters with Structure‐Dependent Mechanical Properties
Authors: Qin Xiaoyun , Luo Dan , Xue Zhenjie , Song Qian , Wang Tie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe low elastic modulus and time‐consuming formation process represent the major challenges that impede the penetration of nanoparticle superstructures into daily life applications. As observed in the molecular or atomic crystals, more effective interactions between adjacent nanoparticles would introduce beneficial features to assemblies enabling optimized mechanical properties. Here, a straightforward synthetic strategy is showed that allows fast and scalable fabrication of 2D Ag‐mercaptoalkyl acid superclusters of either hexagonal or lamellar topology. Remarkably, these ordered superstructures exhibit a structure‐dependent elastic modulus which is subject to the tether length of straight‐chain mercaptoalkyl acids or the ratio between silver and tether molecules. These superclusters are plastic and moldable against arbitrarily shaped masters of macroscopic dimensions, thereby opening a wealth of possibilities to develop more nanocrystals with practically useful nanoscopic properties.
Extending the Continuous Operating Lifetime of Perovskite Solar Cells with a Molybdenum Disulfide Hole Extraction Interlayer
Authors: Kakavelakis George , Paradisanos Ioannis , Paci Barbara , Generosi Amanda , Papachatzakis Michael , Maksudov Temur , Najafi Leyla , Del Rio Castillo Antonio Esaú , Kioseoglou George , Stratakis Emmanuel , Bonaccorso Francesco , Kymakis Emmanuel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSolution‐processed organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies thanks to both high performance and low manufacturing cost. However, a key challenge of this technology is the lack of ambient stability over prolonged solar irradiation under continuous operating conditions. In fact, only a few studies (carried out in inert atmosphere) already approach the industrial standards. Here, it is shown how the introduction of MoS2 flakes as a hole transport interlayer in inverted planar PSCs results in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈17%, overcoming the one of the standard reference devices. Furthermore, this approach allows the realization of ultrastable PSCs, stressed in ambient conditions and working at continuous maximum power point. In particular, the photovoltaic performances of the proposed PSCs represent the current state‐of‐the‐art in terms of lifetime, retaining 80% of their initial performance after 568 h of continuous stress test, thus approaching the industrial stability standards. Moreover, it is further demonstrated the feasibility of this approach by fabricating large‐area PSCs (0.5 cm2 active area) with MoS2 as the interlayer. These large‐area PSCs show improved performance (i.e., PCE = 13.17%) when compared with the standard devices (PCE = 10.64%).
The Impact of Local Morphology on Organic Donor/Acceptor Charge Transfer States
Authors: Lin YunHui L. , Fusella Michael A. , Rand Barry P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA major breakthrough in the field of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) was the development of the donor/acceptor heterojunction that aids in separating Coulombically bound excitons that are generated upon photoabsorption. Additionally, bound charge transfer (CT) states that result from the exchange of charge carriers across the donor/acceptor interface are believed to play an important role in charge generation. Though organic thin films are often disordered, enhancements to the local structural order at the donor/acceptor interface have recently been shown to greatly influence CT state energetics and the charge generation process. In this progress report, recent efforts to understand the role that donor/acceptor morphology plays in the behavior of CT states and the resulting implications on OPV function are presented. It is aimed to provide a survey of different experimental approaches and to present a balanced examination of current interpretations of key results, and to offer best practices for the fabrication and study of morphologically tunable donor/acceptor CT states.
Characterization of a novel, papain‐inducible murine model of eosinophilic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Tharakan Anuj , Dobzanski Alex , London Nyall R. , Khalil Syed M. , Surya Nitya , Lane Andrew P. , Ramanathan Murugappan 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundEosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is a disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate and a local type 2 cytokine milieu. Current animal models fail to recapitulate many of the innate and adaptive immunologic hallmarks of the disease, thus hindering the development of effective therapeutics. In the present study, mice were exposed intranasally to the cysteine protease papain, which shares functional similarities with parasitic proteases and aeroallergens, to generate a rapidly inducible murine model of eosinophilic rhinosinusitis.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were intranasally instilled with 20 μg papain or heat‐inactivated papain (HP) on days 0–2 and days 7–10, and then euthanized on day 11. Nasal lavage fluid (NALF) was analyzed to quantify eosinophils and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Sinonasal tissue was sectioned and stained for goblet cells or homogenized to analyze cytokine levels. Serum samples were assayed for immunoglobulin E (IgE) by enzyme‐linked immunoassay. Sinonasal mucosal tissue was dissociated and analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsCompared with HP treatment, papain induced significant eosinophilia in NALF, goblet cell hyperplasia, innate and adaptive immune cell infiltration, type 2 cytokine production, and IgE responses. Flow cytometric analysis of sinonasal tissues revealed significant inflammatory cell infiltration and interleukin‐13–producing cell populations.ConclusionIn this study, we demonstrated that the cysteine protease papain induces allergic sinonasal eosinophilic rhinosinusitis and resembles T‐helper 2 cell inflammation and innate immune characteristics of ECRS. This model permits further study into the molecular mechanisms underlying ECRS pathology and provides a model system for the evaluation of potential pharmacologic interventions.
Epoxy composites containing wastes from wine production as fillers
Authors: Saccani Andrea , Manzi Stefania , Baldazzi Luca , Sisti Laura 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTComposites formulated with an epoxy matrix, kenaf fibers, and the residuals of the wine industry are investigated at different compositions. The microstructure and the mechanical properties of the composites have been studied, as well as their moisture uptake. A proper mix design of the composite can allow the waste inclusion as filler either increasing or providing mechanical properties equal to those of the plain matrix. The increase in the water permeability induced by the waste is lower than that of induced by the kenaf fibers. Because of the simple mixing and pretreatment operation, this easy‐to‐handle recycling route may decrease the overall cost of the material reducing the amount of polymer matrix and offers a valuable alternative to damping. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46234.
Bifunctional Fluorescent Probe for Sequential Sensing of Thiols and Primary Aliphatic Amines in Distinct Fluorescence Channels
Authors: Huang Meiyu , Long Lingliang , Wang Ning , Yuan Xiangqi , Cao Siyu , Gong Aihua , Wang Kun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThiols and primary aliphatic amines (PAA) are ubiquitous and extremely important species in biological systems. They perform significant interplaying roles in complex biological events. A single fluorescent probe differentiating both thiols and PAA can contribute to understanding the intrinsic inter‐relationship of thiols and PAA in biological processes. Herein, we rationally constructed the first fluorescent probe that can respond to thiols and PAA in different fluorescence channels. The probe exhibited a high selectivity and sensitivity to thiols and PAA. In addition, it displayed sequential sensing ability when the thiols and PAA coexisted. The application experiments indicated that the probe can be used for sensing thiols and PAA in human blood serum. Moreover, the fluorescence imaging of endogenous thiols and PAA as well as antihypertensive drugs captopril and amlodipine in living cells were successfully conducted.
Which tier? Effects of linear assessment and student characteristics on GCSE entry decisions
Authors: Vitello Sylvia , Crawford Cara 
Published: January 2018

In England, students obtain General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) qualifications, typically at age 16. Certain GCSEs are tiered; students take either higher‐level (higher tier) or lower‐level (foundation tier) exams, which may have different educational, career and psychological consequences. In particular, foundation tier entry, if inappropriate, risks capping students' achievement because of the restricted range of attainable grades and reduced learning that may occur. Tiering decisions may be affected by other aspects of the education system in which they take place, such as by the timing of assessment. The move to linear assessment in 2012 provided a unique opportunity to compare tiering decisions for the same GCSE specifications when taken in a linear system, where students are exclusively assessed at the end of the course, with tiering decisions in a modular system, where students are assessed at different time points. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine students' likelihood of being entered for the foundation tiers of GCSEs in science, language and mathematics in two exam sessions: June 2013, which allowed modular assessment, and June 2014, which required linear assessment. The analyses also investigated whether these effects depended on student characteristics. Results showed that foundation tier entry was less likely in the linear than modular system for GCSEs in science and languages, but more likely for one mathematics GCSE. This pattern contrasts with concerns that linear assessment may encourage general risk‐aversion, and instead indicates that effects on tiering decisions are more complicated, varying by subject and student factors.
Meta-analysis of the prognostic value of CpG island methylator phenotype in gastric cancer
Authors: Powell A G M T , Soul S , Christian A , Lewis W G 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundCpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) has been identified as a distinct molecular subtype of gastric cancer, yet associations with survival are conflicting. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the prognostic significance of CIMP.MethodsEmbase, MEDLINE, PubMed, PubMed Central and Cochrane databases were searched systematically for studies related to the association between CIMP and survival in patients undergoing potentially curative resection for gastric cancer.ResultsA total of 918 patients from ten studies were included, and the median proportion of tumours with CIMP-high (CIMP-H) status was 40·9 (range 4·8–63) per cent. Gene panels for assessing CIMP status varied between the studies. Pooled analysis suggested that specimens exhibiting CIMP-H were associated with poorer 5-year survival (odds ratio (OR) for death 1·48, 95 per cent c.i. 1·10 to 1·99; P = 0·009). Significant heterogeneity was observed between studies (I2 = 88 per cent, P &lt; 0·001). Subgroup analysis according to whether studies showed a tendency towards poor (5 studies) or improved (5) outcomes for patients with CIMP-H tumours, revealed that CIMP-H was associated with both poor (OR for death 8·15, 4·65 to 14·28, P &lt; 0·001; heterogeneity I2 = 52 per cent, P = 0·08) and improved (OR 0·42, 0·27 to 0·65; P &lt; 0·001, heterogeneity I2 = 0 per cent, P = 0·960) survival.ConclusionThere was heterogeneity in the gene panels used to identify CIMP, which may explain the survival differences.
Outcomes after prophylactic gastrectomy for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
Authors: van der Kaaij R T , van Kessel J P , van Dieren J M , Snaebjornsson P , Balagué O , van Coevorden F , van der Kolk L E , Sikorska K , Cats A , van Sandick J W 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Patients with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and a CDH1 mutation have a 60–80 per cent lifetime risk of developing diffuse gastric cancer. Total prophylactic gastrectomy eliminates this risk, but is associated with considerable morbidity. The effectiveness (removal of all gastric mucosa) and outcomes of this procedure were evaluated retrospectively.

Methods
All consecutive individuals undergoing a prophylactic gastrectomy for a CDH1 mutation or gastric signet ring cell foci at the authors' institute between 2005 and 2017 were included.

Results
In 25 of 26 patients, intraoperative frozen-section examination (proximal resection margin) was used to verify complete removal of gastric mucosa. All definitive resection margins were free of gastric mucosa, but only after the proximal margin had been reresected in nine patients. In the first year after surgery, five of the 26 patients underwent a relaparotomy for adhesiolysis (2 patients) or jejunostomy-related complications (3 patients). Six patients were readmitted to the hospital within 1 year for nutritional and/or psychosocial support (4 patients) or surgical reintervention (2 patients). Mean weight loss after 1 year was 15 (95 per cent c.i. 12 to 18) per cent. For the 25 patients with a follow-up at 1 year or more, functional complaints were reported more frequently at 1 year than at 3 months after the operation: bile reflux (15 versus 11 patients respectively) and dumping (11 versus 7 patients). The majority of patients who worked or studied before surgery (15 of 19) had returned fully to these activities within 1 year.

Conclusion
The considerable morbidity and functional consequences of gastrectomy should be considered when counselling individuals with an inherited predisposition to diffuse gastric cancer. Intraoperative frozen-section examination is recommended to remove all risk-bearing gastric mucosa.
Patients' experiences of cognitive behavioural therapy and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing as treatments for obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Marsden Zoe , Teahan Alexander , Lovell Karina , Blore David , Delgadillo Jaime 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionObsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is usually treated with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) based on exposure and response prevention principles; although eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) has also been proposed as a potentially helpful treatment.AimTo investigate patients’ experiences of the process and outcome of CBT and EMDR.MethodWe conducted in‐depth qualitative interviews with 24 (EMDR = 14; CBT = 10) patients who participated in a randomised controlled trial. Interviews were conducted after the end of therapy, transcribed verbatim and interpreted using thematic analysis.ResultsThree superordinate themes were identified, including (1) common experiences and specific experiences of (2) CBT and (3) EMDR. Common experiences of therapy included difficulties in disclosing OCD problems; perceptions about therapists as approachable and nonjudgemental; sudden symptomatic improvements; difficulties in engaging with treatment; general satisfaction with therapy; and viewing OCD as a long‐term condition. Some differences between these interventions were also found in patients’ understanding of the treatment rationale, their experiences and difficulties with specific treatment procedures.ConclusionsCommon process factors were especially prominent in patients’ accounts, although it is possible that these interact with more specific change mechanisms such as desensitisation.
Investigating Nucleosome Accessibility for MNase, FeII Peplomycin, and Duocarmycin B2 by Using Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Zou Tingting , Kizaki Seiichiro , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCapillary electrophoresis, coupled with DNA 5′ Texas Red labeling, was used to investigate the ability of MNase, FeII peplomycin, and duocarmycin B2 to access the nucleosome. Distinct accessibility patterns of these species to the nucleosome were observed. MNase was completely prevented from approaching the nucleosome core and exhibited a higher site specificity for targeting DNA sites located close to the core region. Intercalation of peplomycin in the nucleosomal core region was highly suppressed, but reaction sites located at the ends of the nucleosomal core remained accessible, which implied flexibility of the core DNA end. Duocarmycin B2 was able to enter and react in the core region, although its alkylating efficiency decreased significantly.
Throughput of cognitive radio networks with improved energy detector under security threats
Authors: Yadav Kuldeep , Dhar Roy Sanjay , Kundu Sumit 
Published: January 2018

SummarySpectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) is subjected to some security threats such as primary user emulation (PUE) attack and spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attack. In PUE attack, a malicious user (MUPUE) transmits an emulated primary signal throughout the spectrum sensing interval to secondary users (SUs) to forestall them from accessing the primary user (PU) spectrum bands. In SSDF attack, malicious users (MUSSDF) intentionally report false sensing decisions to the fusion center (FC) to influence the overall decision. While most of the existing literatures have studied the effects of these 2 types of attacks separately, the present paper evaluates the secondary network performance in terms of throughput under both the PUE and SSDF attacks with improved energy detectors (IEDs) where SU's spectrum access is hybrid, ie, either in overlay or in underlay mode. An analytical expression on throughput of SU under the simultaneous influence of both of these attacks is developed. Impact of several parameters such as IED parameter, attacker probabilities, and attacker strength on the throughput of SU is investigated. Performance of the present scheme is also compared with only PUE and only SSDF attacks. A simulation test bed is developed in MATLAB to validate our analytical results.