bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical Perception and Intelligent Action
Authors: Bengson John 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPerceiving things to be a certain way may in some cases lead directly to action that is intelligent (e.g., skillful, wise, clever, astute). This phenomenon has not often been discussed, though it is of broad philosophical interest. It also raises a difficult question: how can perception produce intelligent action? After clarifying the question—which I call the question of “practical perception”—and explaining what is required for an adequate answer, I critically examine two candidate answers drawn from work on related topics: the first, inspired by Hubert Dreyfus's phenomenological analysis of absorbed coping (and of a piece with James Gibson's theory of affordances), focuses on awareness of situational features; the other, suggested by Gilbert Ryle's classic treatment of knowledge‐how, focuses on possession of behavioral dispositions. I argue that neither approach is adequate. Subsequently, I develop and defend an alternative answer that emphasizes the agent's conceptual understanding.
Pollination biology of the hexaploid self‐compatible species Turnera velutina (Passifloraceae)
Authors: Sosenski P. , Ramos S. E. , Domínguez C. A. , Boege K. , Fornoni J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

The evolution of monomorphisms from heterostylous ancestors has been related to the presence of homostyly and the loss of self‐incompatibility, allowing the occurrence of selfing, which could be advantageous under pollinator limitation. However, flowers of some monomorphic species show herkogamy, attraction and rewarding traits that presumably favour cross‐pollination and/or a mixed mating system. This study evaluated the contributions of pollinators, breeding system and floral traits to the reproduction of Turnera velutina, a herkogamous monomorphic species.

Floral visitors and frequency of visits were recorded, controlled hand cross‐pollinations were conducted under greenhouse and natural conditions, and individual variation in floral traits was characterised to determine their contribution to seed production.

Apis mellifera was the most frequent floral visitor. Flowers presented approach herkogamy, high variation in nectar features, and a positive correlation of floral length with nectar volume and sugar concentration. Seed production did not differ between manual self‐ and cross‐pollinations, controls or open cross‐pollinations, but autonomous self‐pollination produced, on average, 82.74% fewer seeds than the other forms, irrespective of the level of herkogamy.

Differences in seed production among autonomous self‐pollination and other treatments showed that T. velutina flowers depend on insect pollination for reproduction, and that approach herkogamy drastically reduced seed production in the absence of pollen vectors. The lack of differences in seed production from manual cross‐ and self‐pollinations suggests the possible presence of a mixed mating system in the studied population. Overall, this species was possibly derived from a distylous ancestor but appears fully capable of outcrossing despite being monomorphic.
Assessing the role of endophytic bacteria in the halophyte Arthrocnemum macrostachyum salt tolerance
Authors: Navarro‐Torre S. , Barcia‐Piedras J. M. , Mateos‐Naranjo E. , Redondo‐Gómez S. , Camacho M. , Caviedes M. A. , Pajuelo E. , Rodríguez‐Llorente I. D. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

There is an increasing interest to use halophytes for revegetation of salt affected ecosystems, as well as in understanding their mechanisms of salt tolerance. We hypothesized that bacteria from the phyllosphere of these plants might play a key role in its high tolerance to excessive salinity.

Eight endophytic bacteria belonging to Bacillus and closely related genera were isolated from phyllosphere of the halophyte Arthrocnemum macrostachyum growing in salty agricultural soils. The presence of plant‐growth promoting (PGP) properties, enzymatic activities and tolerance towards NaCl was determined. Effects of inoculation on seeds germination and adult plant growth under experimental NaCl treatments (0, 510 and 1030 mM NaCl) were studied.

Inoculation with a consortium including the best performing bacteria improved considerably the kinetics of germination and the final germination percentage of A. macrostachyum seeds. At high NaCl concentrations (1030 mM), inoculation of plants mitigated the effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological performance and, in addition, this consortium appears to have increased the potential of A. macrostachyum to accumulate Na+ in its shoots, thus improving sodium phytoextraction capacity.

Bacteria isolated from A. macrostachyum phyllosphere seem to play an important role in plant salt tolerance under stressing salt concentrations. The combined use of A. macrostachyum and its microbiome can be an adequate tool to enhance plant adaptation and sodium phytoextraction during restoration of salt degraded soils.
A revisit to fishmeal usage and associated consequences in Chinese aquaculture
Authors: Han Dong , Shan Xiujuan , Zhang Wenbing , Chen Yushun , Wang Qingyin , Li Zhongjie , Zhang Guofan , Xu Pao , Li Jiale , Xie Shouqi , Mai Kangsen , Tang Qisheng , De Silva Sena S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractChina has dominated global aquaculture production for more than two decades. Aquaculture production in China increased from 24.6 million metric tons (mmt) in 2000 to 47.5 mmt in 2014, an increment of 93.1%. Along with the fast‐growing aquaculture industry, aquafeed production in China increased from 5.1 mmt in 2000 to 19.0 mmt in 2014, an increment of 272.5%. However, despite the rapid increase in aquafeed production, the fishmeal usage in aquafeeds in China has remained stable over the years. Fishmeal imports into China remained relatively steady at 1.0–1.5 mmt per annum from 2000 to 2014. An often unacknowledged fact is that China contributes more than 60% to the world aquaculture production at a cost of only 25–30% of the world fishmeal output. This review attempts to explain why the fishmeal usage has not increased proportionately with the increasing aquafeed production in China from several angles: (i) the current status of fishmeal usage in Chinese aquaculture; (ii) the relationship between the decreasing dietary inclusions of fishmeal and improved feed techniques, especially the use of alternative protein sources for fishmeal; (iii) the dominance of Chinese aquaculture by low trophic level species of plants, filter feeders, herbivores and omnivores and consequent low demands for fishmeal; and (iv) the increasing price of fishmeal and the management of exploitation of wild fisheries in the main fishmeal exporting countries to China. The trends and prospects of fishmeal usage in the future in Chinese aquaculture and the associated consequences are also addressed. Like other countries, China is now actively developing both resource conservation‐based capture fisheries and environment‐friendly freshwater and marine aquaculture systems. Aquaculture will be the main source of aquatic food in the future and will also indirectly contribute to save the world wild fisheries, and China will be main player that will continue to contribute towards this end.
A pharmacotherapy review of the novel, oral antithrombotics
Authors: Walters Kara J. , Meador Anna , Galdo John A. , Ciarrocca Katharine 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTCoagulation disorders account for a high incidence of death in the U.S. due to stroke, myocardial infarction, and venous thromboembolism. In the past few years, numerous agents have been brought to market for the treatment of thromboembolism or prevention of thromboembolism. Similar to warfarin, these agents can cause bleeding disorders, which may exacerbate dental care treatment plans. This literature review examines the newer agents for the treatment of thromboembolism disorders, common side effects and drug interactions, the specific medical conditions each agent treats, and the dental perspective on how to medically management patients prescribed these medications.
Risks, consequences, and prevention of falls of older people in oral healthcare centers
Authors: de Baat Cees , de Baat Paul , Gerritsen Anneloes E. , Flohil Karien A. , van der Putten Gert‐Jan , van der Maarel‐Wierink Claar D. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTOne‐third of community‐dwelling people older than 65 years of age fall each year, and half of them fall at least twice a year. Older care home residents are approximately three times more likely to fall when compared to community‐dwelling older people. Risk indicators for falls are related to the older people's body, environment, behavior, and activities. An important health risk indicator is (orthostatic or postprandial) hypotension, which may induce cerebral hypoperfusion. Although the majority of falls remain without major consequences, 10% to 25% of falls in care homes result in bodily trauma. Prevalent fall‐related injuries are brain injury, lower extremity fracture including hip fracture and forearm/wrist fracture, facial fracture, humeral fracture, and rib/scapular fracture. As fall accidents by older people can have severe consequences, prevention of falls is of paramount importance. Healthcare providers, including oral healthcare providers, should inform older people on risks of falling and draw attention to potentially hazardous arrangements.
No Evidence of Hendra Virus Infection in the Australian Flying‐fox Ectoparasite Genus Cyclopodia
Authors: Vidgen M. E. , Edson D. W. , van den Hurk A. F. , Field H. E. , Smith C. S. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryHendra virus (HeV) causes potentially fatal respiratory and/or neurological disease in both horses and humans. Although Australian flying‐foxes of the genus Pteropus have been identified as reservoir hosts, the precise mechanism of HeV transmission has yet to be elucidated. To date, there has been limited investigation into the role of haematophagous insects as vectors of HeV. This mode of transmission is particularly relevant because Australian flying‐foxes host the bat‐specific blood‐feeding ectoparasites of the genus Cyclopodia (Diptera: Nycteribiidae), also known as bat flies. Using molecular detection methods, we screened for HeV RNA in 183 bat flies collected from flying‐foxes inhabiting a roost in Boonah, Queensland, Australia. It was subsequently demonstrated that during the study period, Pteropus alecto in this roost had a HeV RNA prevalence between 2 and 15% (95% CI [1, 6] to [8, 26], respectively). We found no evidence of HeV in any bat flies tested, including 10 bat flies collected from P. alecto in which we detected HeV RNA. Our negative findings are consistent with previous findings and provide additional evidence that bat flies do not play a primary role in HeV transmission.
Sensitivity of Direct Culture, Enrichment and PCR for Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in Broiler Flocks at Slaughter
Authors: Rodgers J. D. , Simpkin E. , Lee R. , Clifton‐Hadley F. A. , Vidal A. B. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBroiler chicken flocks are a significant source of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli that result in the major public health problem of campylobacteriosis. Accurate estimates of the prevalence of both C. coli and C. jejuni in flocks would enhance epidemiological understanding, risk assessment and control options. This study combined results from a panel of 10 detection tests (direct culture, enrichment and PCR) on caecal samples from flocks at slaughter. A parallel interpretation approach was used to determine the presence of Campylobacter spp. and for C. jejuni and C. coli individually. The sample was considered positive if at least one method detected the target and this interpretation was taken to represent a ‘proxy gold standard’ for detection in the absence of a gold standard reference test. The sensitivity of each individual method to detect Campylobacter spp., C. jejuni and C. coli was then estimated relative to the proxy gold standard. Enrichment in adapted Exeter broth (deficient in polymyxin B) with a resuscitation step was 100% sensitive, whilst direct culture on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) was highly sensitive (97.9%). Enrichment methods using Preston broth and Bolton broth were significantly less sensitive. Enrichment in Exeter broth promoted the recovery of C. jejuni, whilst enrichment in Bolton broth favoured C. coli. A RT‐PCR detection test could identify 80% of flocks that were co‐colonised with both species. This study found that 76.3% (n = 127) of flocks were colonised with Campylobacter spp. The majority (95.9%) of Campylobacter‐positive flocks were colonised with C. jejuni; however, approximately one‐third of positive flocks were simultaneously colonised with both C. jejuni and C. coli. The findings highlight the impact of different detection methodologies on the accuracy of the estimated incidence of both C. jejuni and C. coli entering the abattoir within broiler flocks and the associated public health risks.
Towards MS1900:2005 Quality Management System from Islamic Perspective: A Case Study at MACS
Authors: Sarion Arbain , Ahmad Bustamam Ummi Salwa , Shaharudin Amir 
Published: October 2016

This study explores strategies implemented by applicants towards achieving a quality management system from Islamic perspective, MS1900:2014 which ultimately will assist other organizations in pursuing the similar standard. A case study approach was used as methodology for the study. A semi-structured interview was carried out to answer the research question. The interview was conducted with Manager of Service Monitoring Division at Malaysian Airports Consultancy Services (MACS). The study found that there are several strategies implemented by MACS in accomplishment of the standard. Those strategies can be divided into two phases. Seeking a support and authorization from top management is the initial point for pursuing standards management system. A specific department or unit should be setting up in order to strategically obtaining the standard. This study focused the strategy implemented by a unique research unit in getting the MS1900:2014 which might be inadequate to be adopted by other organizations. Keywords: Quality Management System from Islamic Perspective, MS1900:2014, Case Study, Business Strategy
IKHTILAF HUKUM SOLAT FARDU BERJEMAAH MENURUT MAZHAB SYAFIE : SATU SOROTAN KAJIAN
Authors: Bidin Hasna , Baharuddin Ahmad Syukran , Mustari Ismail 
Published: October 2016

This study discusses the ikhtilaf on the congregation in performing prayers by Shafi’i School. This issue arises because some of the Muslim in community are still confused about the law of congregation in prayers and underestimate the importance of it. It is a result of lack of knowledge towards the importance of congregation in prayer and its demands in Islam. This study focuses on the meaning of prayer, its wisdom and benefits, discussion of the differences among legal scholars of Shafi'i and the views of the strongest in the Shafi’i school. The methodology used in this study were based on the literature review and reference materials such as books and journals publishing on this subject. Analysis was made using deductive methodology which was specific to the conclusion of public information. The results obtained from this study showed that demand prayers in prayers is fardu kifayah for all Muslims in the opinion of the strongest in Shafi’i sect. Fardu kifayah is a communal obligation under the liability of Muslims who live in a community and shared responsibility. Keywords: Congregational prayer, Shafi’i School, istidlal, istinbat, usul fiqh
Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of Hydrogen Diffusion in Tungsten
Authors: Yang Xue , Oyeniyi Wasiu O. 
Published: October 2016

This research developed a Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) method for simulating hydrogen diffusion in tungsten bulk. The KMC inputs such as diffusion paths and energy barriers are taken from DFT calculation results from the literatures. In this simulation model, stable hydrogen interstitial sites in tungsten are the tetrahedral sites on each surface of the bcc lattice, and each site has four tetrahedral neighboring sites, with two neighbors on the same lattice surface and the other two on the adjacent two perpendicular surfaces. A MATLAB script has been developed to perform the diffusion modeling for any given hydrogen concentration and substrate temperature. To compare the simulation results with experiment measurements, modeling configuration of low hydrogen concentration and temperature of 300 K to 2500 K mirroring the experiment conditions was used. The calculated diffusion coefficients at various temperatures match the experiment reference very well. The calculated diffusion coefficients are also fitted to the Arrhenius equation as:
D [m2/s] = 5.59×10−7 exp(−0.426/kBT)
Cybersecurity Case for FPGA-Based NPP Instrumentation and Control Systems
Authors: Illiashenko Oleg A. , Broshevan Yevheniia V. , Kharchenko Vyacheslav S. 
Published: October 2016

Modern industrial instrumentation and control systems (I&Cs) used in nuclear power plants (NPP) are facing more with cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities, which were neglected before. Cybersecurity incidents are a subject to grow into more complex attacks with worse consequences than before. The use of field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) in such critical systems causes specific risks for ensuring of safety, as the master-property of such kind of systems, and security as a subordinate property primarily to the NPP reactor trip systems (RTS).
Cybersecurity assessment results of industrial I&Cs are mainly based on subjective assessment of the expert judgment and they do not take into account all features of propagating FPGA technology. Nowadays there is a big gap in understanding how to assess and assure the security of FPGA-based NPP I&Cs (FNI&Cs). Conformance of FNI&Cs to security requirements, their verification to high-level standards often is subjective and depends on particular expert.
Regulatory and certification bodies, developers and end-users of FNI&Cs are missing the understandable methodology for security assurance of such kind of systems taking into account specific context of the operating environment which allows decreasing time-to-market and thus providing benefits for all interested parties.
The paper describes cybersecurity assurance technique of multi-version FNI&Cs. Requirements profile is formulated using the best practices from the following international regulations. The goal of the paper is presentation of the case-based methodology and tool of FNI&Cs cybersecurity assurance based on international regulations. Proposed methodology provides comparable and repeatable process of assurance.
Feeding the Nuclear Safety Culture Pipeline
Authors: Schow Ryan C. , Jevremovic Tatjana 
Published: October 2016

The University of Utah Nuclear Engineering Program (UNEP) has established and continues to build a strong nuclear safety culture by developing class and laboratory soft skills training and activities. An effective safety-culture is essential to nuclear safety and can help prevent errors and misconduct by ensuring expectations and consequences are clearly stated and understood. Academic and research reactors present additional challenges as new students are joining the program and nuclear environment for the first time.
The UNEP is leading the way in establishing and building a strong positive nuclear safety culture. Social media and practical training is being developed that is intertwined with class and laboratory work along with integrating industry used tools and software to prepare the future nuclear workforce to meet the needs of the nuclear industry.
Measurement of Flow Rate of Droplets and Liquid Film in Venturi Scrubber
Authors: Nakao Yasuhiro , Horiguchi Naoki , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Kanagawa Tetsuya , Kaneko Akiko , Abe Yutaka 
Published: October 2016

As one of filtered venting systems which should be installed in light water reactors from viewpoint of protecting a containment vessel and suppressing the diffusion of radioactive materials, there is a system composed of venturi scrubbers. The radioactive materials in the contaminated gas are collected into liquid. By dispersed flow formed in the venturi scrubber, large interfacial area between liquid and gas was obtained, and large decontamination factor is realized. In evaluation for the decontamination performance of the venturi scrubber, interface of droplets and liquid film are important. However, there is a little knowledge about the interfacial area in the venturi scrubber for filtered venting. In this study, to obtain the interfacial area data, amount of the droplets and the liquid film in the venturi scrubber is evaluated by visualizing observation and sampling the liquid film at the outlet of the venturi scrubber.
In the venturi scrubber, a pressure drop occurs in the throat part by the inflow of air from the compressor. Water flows from the tank by a pressure difference between a suctioned hole with head pressure and a throat part. An annular spray flow is then formed in the venturi scrubber. Therefore, the liquid flow rate changes according to the gas phase flow rate. To discharge separately the droplets and the liquid film, a rectangular separator is installed at the venturi scrubber outlet. The superficial gas phase flow rate is 25.2–292.3 m/s in the throat.
As a result, the liquid film and the droplets through the wall were confirmed to be discharged separately by the separator. The ratio of the liquid film to the total amount of liquid is 80 to 95% and that of the droplets was estimated as 5 to 20%. However, the change of the liquid film thickness caused by the increase of gas phase flow rates was observed. When the liquid film thickness is large, it is possible that some liquid film flowing into the droplet side.
RELAP5-3D Simulation of Natural Circulation in Fast Reactors With Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Alloy Coolant
Authors: Matev Alex 
Published: October 2016

Many researchers are investigating the potential of lead-bismuth cooled fast reactors for producing electricity, as well as for the safe transmutation of minor actinides and the nuclear incineration of long-lived fission products.
BelV is a Technical Support Organization to the Belgian Nuclear Regulator, FANC, and has begun a project with the goal to identify and analyze key technical issues in core neutronics, thermal-hydraulics, fuels, and materials associated with the development of a fast nuclear reactor with a lead-bismuth coolant.
The paper presents the results from simulating with the RELAP5-3D code of natural circulation in a generic design of a pool-type nuclear reactor with lead-bismuth eutectic alloy (LBEA) as a primary, and water/steam as a secondary coolant.
The simulation results provide valuable insights in the evolution of key reactor safety-relevant phenomena and support also the qualified use of system analysis codes as RELAP5-3D for the simulation of transients in pool-type reactor systems.