bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saying vs. Doing: A Contradiction in the Professional Development of Foreign Language Teaching Assistants
Authors: Angus Katie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDespite the sizeable portion of foreign language (FL) instruction provided by graduate students now as teaching assistants (TAs) and in the future as faculty, few studies have considered TAs’ perspectives on their own professional development. To inform the professional development of FL graduate students as teachers, the present study updated and expanded on Brandl (2000) and Gonglewski and Penningroth (1998), who surveyed FL TAs about their perceptions of professional development opportunities. Using both quantitative and qualitative data from a nationwide online questionnaire completed by TAs (N = 94) and follow‐up Skype interviews (N = 9), the present study gave a voice to TAs by asking them which professional development opportunities they valued and what constraints limited their participation. TAs exhibited an apparent lack of awareness about the possible responsibilities of their future careers and the evaluation criteria used in academia, resulting in a disconnect between the professional development opportunities in which they participated and those that would actually prepare them for the long term. In light of TAs’ perceptions and practices, recommendations are provided to enhance future TA professional development.
Warming of subarctic tundra increases emissions of all three important greenhouse gases – carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide
Authors: Voigt Carolina , Lamprecht Richard E. , Marushchak Maija E. , Lind Saara E. , Novakovskiy Alexander , Aurela Mika , Martikainen Pertti J. , Biasi Christina 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRapidly rising temperatures in the Arctic might cause a greater release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere. To study the effect of warming on GHG dynamics, we deployed open‐top chambers in a subarctic tundra site in Northeast European Russia. We determined carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes as well as the concentration of those gases, inorganic nitrogen (N) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) along the soil profile. Studied tundra surfaces ranged from mineral to organic soils and from vegetated to unvegetated areas. As a result of air warming, the seasonal GHG budget of the vegetated tundra surfaces shifted from a GHG sink of −300 to −198 g CO2–eq m−2 to a source of 105 to 144 g CO2–eq m−2. At bare peat surfaces, we observed increased release of all three GHGs. While the positive warming response was dominated by CO2, we provide here the first in situ evidence of increasing N2O emissions from tundra soils with warming. Warming promoted N2O release not only from bare peat, previously identified as a strong N2O source, but also from the abundant, vegetated peat surfaces that do not emit N2O under present climate. At these surfaces, elevated temperatures had an adverse effect on plant growth, resulting in lower plant N uptake and, consequently, better N availability for soil microbes. Although the warming was limited to the soil surface and did not alter thaw depth, it increased concentrations of DOC, CO2, and CH4 in the soil down to the permafrost table. This can be attributed to downward DOC leaching, fueling microbial activity at depth. Taken together, our results emphasize the tight linkages between plant and soil processes, and different soil layers, which need to be taken into account when predicting the climate change feedback of the Arctic.
Climate‐induced glacier and snow loss imperils alpine stream insects
Authors: Giersch J. Joseph , Hotaling Scott , Kovach Ryan P. , Jones Leslie A. , Muhlfeld Clint C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractClimate warming is causing rapid loss of glaciers and snowpack in mountainous regions worldwide. These changes are predicted to negatively impact the habitats of many range‐restricted species, particularly endemic, mountaintop species dependent on the unique thermal and hydrologic conditions found only in glacier‐fed and snow melt‐driven alpine streams. Although progress has been made, existing understanding of the status, distribution, and ecology of alpine aquatic species, particularly in North America, is lacking, thereby hindering conservation and management programs. Two aquatic insects – the meltwater stonefly (Lednia tumana) and the glacier stonefly (Zapada glacier) – were recently proposed for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act due to climate‐change‐induced habitat loss. Using a large dataset (272 streams, 482 total sites) with high‐resolution climate and habitat information, we describe the distribution, status, and key environmental features that limit L. tumana and Z. glacier across the northern Rocky Mountains. Lednia tumana was detected in 113 streams (175 sites) within Glacier National Park (GNP) and surrounding areas. The probability of L. tumana occurrence increased with cold stream temperatures and close proximity to glaciers and permanent snowfields. Similarly, densities of L. tumana declined with increasing distance from stream source. Zapada glacier was only detected in 10 streams (24 sites), six in GNP and four in mountain ranges up to ~600 km southwest. Our results show that both L. tumana and Z. glacier inhabit an extremely narrow distribution, restricted to short sections of cold, alpine streams often below glaciers predicted to disappear over the next two decades. Climate warming‐induced glacier and snow loss clearly imperils the persistence of L. tumana and Z. glacier throughout their ranges, highlighting the role of mountaintop aquatic invertebrates as sentinels of climate change in mid‐latitude regions.
Romanticizing bureaucratic leadership? The politics of how elected officials attribute responsibility for performance
Authors: Nielsen Poul A. , Moynihan Donald P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA core task for elected officials is to hold bureaucratic leaders responsible, but how do they determine if public managers actually influence outcomes? We propose that partisan and leadership heuristics affect how politicians apply a logic of individualized responsibility, that is, focus on individual bureaucrats rather than situational factors to explain organizational outcomes. We match survey data of local elected officials in Denmark with individual partisan variables and objective performance data about the schools they oversee. We provide evidence that partisan beliefs matter, with conservative elected officials more willing to pursue a logic of individualized responsibility. We also find that elected officials are more likely to assume that bureaucratic leaders determine organizational outcomes where performance is very high or low, a leadership attribution heuristic previously established in private sector studies. We argue that our findings have important implications for contemporary governance, given the growing reliance on performance metrics to assign responsibility.
Potential of a no‐touch pincer ablation procedure that uses a multipolar radiofrequency ablation system to prevent intrasubsegmental recurrence of small and single hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Kawamura Yusuke , Ikeda Kenji , Fujiyama Shunichiro , Hosaka Tetsuya , Kobayashi Masahiro , Saitoh Satoshi , Sezaki Hitomi , Akuta Norio , Suzuki Fumitaka , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Arase Yasuji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to clarify the usefulness of a no‐touch pincer ablation procedure that uses bipolar electrodes to prevent intrasubsegmental tumor recurrence after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe studied 303 consecutive patients with HCC (single nodule and tumor diameter ≤30 mm) who received RFA between January 2005 and April 2015; 268 patients received touch ablation using a monopolar or bipolar RFA device, and 35 received no‐touch ablation using a bipolar RFA device. The pretreatment arterial and portal phase dynamic computed tomography or magnetic resonance images were classified into four enhancement patterns. Type 1 and Type 2 are homogeneous enhancement patterns without or with increased arterial blood flow, respectively. Type 3 is a heterogeneous enhancement pattern with a septum‐like structure, and Type 4 is an irregularly shaped ring structure enhancement pattern.ResultsWith regard to intrasubsegmental tumor recurrence, among the 268 patients who underwent the touch ablation procedure, tumors recurred in 52 (19.4%) patients, and among the 35 patients who underwent the no‐touch ablation procedure, tumors recurred in one (2.9%) patient. Cumulative intrasubsegmental tumor recurrence rates tended to be higher with touch ablation (P = 0.083). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that ablation procedure (touch ablation, hazard ratio [HR] 10.32, P = 0.032), type of enhancement pattern (Type 3, HR 3.05, P = 0.006; and Type 4, HR 8.87, P < 0.001) and serum des‐γ‐carboxyprothrombin level (≥100 AU/L; HR 2.73, P = 0.035) were significant predictors for intrasubsegmental recurrence.ConclusionThe no‐touch pincer ablation procedure has the potential to prevent intrasubsegmental recurrence after RFA for patients with HCC.
Efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate rescue therapy for chronic hepatitis B patients who failed other nucleos(t)ide analogs
Authors: Kumada Hiromitsu , Koike Kazuhiko , Suyama Kazuaki , Ito Hiroshi , Itoh Hiroshi , Sugiura Wataru 
Published: November 2016

AimAcquisition of nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) inhibitor resistance is critical in successful chronic hepatitis B treatment. As the pattern of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) resistance mutations differs from that of other antiviral drugs, we sought to clarify the salvaging potential of TDF in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection who are poor responders or resistant to other NAs.MethodsA prospective, multicenter, single‐arm, open‐label study was carried out from December 2011 to October 2014. Poor responders defined as subjects with serum HBV‐DNA levels >4 log10 copies/mL were enrolled. Subjects receiving lamivudine (LAM) + adefovir pivoxil (ADV) before the initiation of the study were switched to LAM + TDF. Subjects on entecavir hydrate (ETV) with or without ADV were switched to ETV + TDF. The primary efficacy end‐point was the proportion of subjects achieving HBV‐DNA <2.1 log10 copies/mL (LLQ) at week 24. The secondary efficacy end‐points were the proportion of subjects with LLQ at weeks 48 and 96, serum alanine aminotransferase normalization, hepatitis B envelope antigen/antibody and hepatitis B surface antigen/antibody seroconversion.ResultsThirty‐four subjects were enrolled, 21 subjects were switched to ETV + TDF, and 13 subjects were switched to LAM + TDF. Drug resistance mutations were determined in 85% of the subjects at the time of the enrolment. The proportion of subjects who achieved LLQ was 59%, 62%, and 71% at weeks 24, 48, and 96, respectively. No serious adverse event related to TDF was reported.ConclusionOur study clearly showed that TDF containing regimens were effective in salvaging poor responders and/or those who are drug‐resistant to other NAs. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01475851) and the GSK Clinical Study Register (GSK LOC115912).
Pregnancies in older women living with HIV in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Townsend CL , de Ruiter A , Peters H , Nelson‐Piercy C , Tookey P , Thorne C 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to compare maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in women aged < 40 years and ≥ 40 years in a large unselected population of HIV‐positive women delivering in the UK and Ireland between 2000 and 2014.MethodsComprehensive population‐based surveillance data on all HIV‐positive pregnant women and their children seen for care in the UK and Ireland are collected through the National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood. All singleton and multiple pregnancies reported by the end of June 2015 resulting in live birth or stillbirth to women diagnosed with HIV infection before delivery and delivering in 2000−2014 were included. Logistic regression models were fitted in analyses examining the association between older maternal age and specific outcomes (preterm delivery and stillbirth).ResultsAmong 15 501 pregnancies in HIV‐positive women, the proportion in older women (≥ 40 years) increased from 2.1% (73 of 3419) in 2000−2004 to 8.9% (510 of 5748) in 2010−2014 (P < 0.001). Compared with pregnancies in younger women, those in older women were more likely to result in multiple birth (3.0 vs. 1.9% in younger women; P = 0.03), stillbirth (adjusted odds ratio 2.39; P = 0.004) or an infant with a chromosomal abnormality (1.6 vs. 0.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). However, there was no increased risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight or mother‐to‐child HIV transmission among older mothers.ConclusionsThere has been a significant increase over time in the proportion of deliveries to women living with HIV aged ≥ 40 years, which has implications for pregnancy management, given their increased risk of multiple births, stillbirth and chromosomal anomalies, as also apparent in the general population.
Consumer Behaviour and Order Fulfilment in Online Retailing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nguyen Dung H. , de Leeuw Sander , Dullaert Wout E.H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper provides a systematic review of consumer behaviour and order fulfilment in online retailing. The objective of this review is threefold: first, to identify elements of order‐fulfilment operations that are relevant to online consumer behaviour (purchase, repurchase, product return); second, to understand the relationship between order‐fulfilment performance and consumer behaviour; and third, to inspire future research on developing consumer service strategies that takes account of these behavioural responses to order‐fulfilment performance outcomes. The paper is based on a systematic review of literature on online consumer behaviour and order‐fulfilment operations, mainly in the fields of marketing and operations, published in international peer‐reviewed journals between 2000 and September 2015. This study indicates that the current literature on online consumer behaviour focuses mainly on the use of marketing tools to improve consumer service levels. Very little research has been conducted on the use of consumer service instruments to steer consumer behaviour or, consequently, to manage related order‐fulfilment activities better. The study culminates in a framework that encompasses elements of order‐fulfilment operations and their relationship to online consumer behaviour. This paper is the first comprehensive review of online consumer behaviour that takes aspects of order‐fulfilment operations into account from both marketing and operations perspectives.
Influence of maternal physical activity on infant's body composition
Authors: Bisson M. , Tremblay F. , St‐Onge O. , Robitaille J. , Pronovost E. , Simonyan D. , Marc I. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundPhysical activity (PA) during pregnancy might contribute to reduce neonatal adiposity, a predictor of metabolic disturbances.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to evaluate the association between maternal PA intensity and neonatal body composition.MethodsMaternal PA measured by accelerometry and nutrition were documented during pregnancy, as well as neonatal body composition by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry following delivery. Associations between PA at 17 and 36 weeks (time spent in moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA) status and their interaction) and neonatal body composition were addressed by multivariate regression analyses.ResultsFrom 104 women, 50 (48%) and 16 (18%) performed VPA at 17 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. Performing VPA at either time was associated with a decreased birthweight (BW), while only VPA at 17 weeks decreased neonatal adiposity (fat percentage: −2.3 ± 0.8%, p = 0.003). MPA at 36 weeks was associated with an increased lean mass (2.0 ± 0.8 g per min day−1, p = 0.012). Significant interactions were found for BW and bone mineral content (BMC). MPA at 17 weeks tended to increase BW, but not BMC, in the no VPA strata. By contrast, high levels of MPA (≥112 min d−1) combined with VPA at 17 weeks reduced neonatal BMC and BW compared with no VPA (BMC: −5.4 ± 2.0 g, p = 0.008, BW: −302.8 ± 83.7 g, p = 0.0003). Differences were not significant with low MPA levels.ConclusionsExercise intensity modulates neonatal body composition. The long‐term significance of a reduced BW, adiposity and BMC with VPA requires further study.
Mechanisms of obesity in Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Khan M. J. , Gerasimidis K. , Edwards C. A. , Shaikh M. G. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryObesity is the most common cause of metabolic complications and poor quality of life in Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). Hyperphagia and obesity develop after an initial phase of poor feeding and failure to thrive. Several mechanisms for the aetiology of obesity in PWS are proposed, which include disruption in hypothalamic pathways of satiety control resulting in hyperphagia, aberration in hormones regulating food intake, reduced energy expenditure because of hypotonia and altered behaviour with features of autism spectrum disorder. Profound muscular hypotonia prevents PWS patients from becoming physically active, causing reduced muscle movements and hence reduced energy expenditure. In a quest for the aetiology of obesity, recent evidence has focused on several appetite‐regulating hormones, growth hormone, thyroid hormones and plasma adipocytokines. However, despite advancement in understanding of the genetic basis of PWS, there are contradictory data on the role of satiety hormones in hyperphagia and data regarding dietary intake are limited. Mechanistic studies on the aetiology of obesity and its relationship with disease pathogenesis in PWS are required. . In this review, we focused on the available evidence regarding mechanisms of obesity and potential new areas that could be explored to help unravel obesity pathogenesis in PWS.
Organizational Justice Dimensions: Validation of an Arabic Measure
Authors: Alkhadher Othman , Gadelrab Hesham F. 
Published: November 2016

There is a continued debate regarding the dimensions of organizational justice. The present project investigated the dimensionality of organizational justice and the validity of an Arabic measure of organizational justice for a Kuwaiti samples. The first study sample consisted of 1,184 Kuwaitis (619 males and 565 females) from two groups: 728 employees and 456 teachers working in the public sector. The second study sample consisted of 373 participants (190 employees and 183 teachers). The instrument items were based on a careful review of the organizational justice literature to ensure relevance to the sample culture. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) using WLSMV estimator is used. WLSMV method is more appropriate for our data because variables are measured on an ordinal scale. WLSMV is considered a less bias estimator compared with the standard maximum likelihood in case of ordinal data. CFA analyses identified the four distinctive factors of distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational organizational justice. The four‐factor model fit the data significantly better than one‐, two‐ or three‐factor models. Moreover, the study revealed that these four dimensions of organizational justice were significantly correlated with the four relevant outcomes of instrumentality, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, and collective esteem. Using the Arabic version of Colquitt's () instrument (Fischer et al., ), the second study presented an evidence of concurrent validity of the new Arabic scale. The present study confirmed the four‐factor dimensionality of organizational justice. Results of the current study may raise the issue of development of scales versus translation of well‐ developed ones. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Mental health nursing students’ views on their readiness to address the physical health needs of service users on registration
Authors: Ramluggun Pras , Anjoyeb Mahmood , D'Cruz Gibson 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThere is substantial evidence that people (service users) living with a serious mental illness experience poorer physical health than the general population and die prematurely from life‐threatening illnesses. Mental health nurses are best placed to address the physical health needs of service users but evidence points to numerous challenges, including a deficit in their proficiency to meet these needs. Nurse education and mental health services are being reshaped to better equip nurses with the skill set to meet the care needs of service users. The aim of the present study was to gain an in‐depth insight into final‐year mental health nursing students’ views (MHNS) of their preparation to address the physical health needs of service users. Using a qualitative exploratory approach, the views of final‐year MHNS learning experiences of physical care were explored through a focus group and in‐depth interviews. The focus group generated broad issues, which were then explored in semistructured, individual interviews. The transcribed audio‐taped data were analysed using a framework approach to identify the emerging key themes. The themes identified were the comprehensiveness of physical care content, delivery and method of teaching, exposure to physical care in practice, and confidence to address physical health needs. The findings of the present study indicate that there is a need to enhance both the theoretical and practical components of preregistration education for MHNS on physical care.
Rethinking the concept of the IS organization
Authors: Peppard Joe 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDo conceptualizations of the information systems (IS) organization reflect findings from research studying requirements for successfully harnessing information, systems and technology to achieve operational and strategic objectives? This paper addresses this question, reporting on an analysis of articles published in leading academic and practitioner journals. It describes how the IS organization is portrayed in these studies and examines the results of this analysis through a sensitizing lens constructed from research that has studied how organizations generate business value from IS. The lens depicts this objective as a quest to harness knowledge that is distributed enterprise wide. The analysis suggests that conceptualisations of the IS organization used by researchers do not reflect the requirements for generating business value from information technology that have been identified in the literature. Whilst highlighting that definitions are vague or more often absent, it challenges the dominant orthodoxy of the IS organization as a separate organizational unit suggesting that it is a more pervasive construct. The implications of this conclusion for practice, research and teaching are considered.