bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peri‐implant and periodontal microbiome diversity in aggressive periodontitis patients: a pilot study
Authors: Sousa Vanessa , Nibali Luigi , Spratt David , Dopico Jose , Mardas Nikos , Petrie Aviva , Donos Nikolaos 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate the bacterial microbiome in periodontal and peri‐implant biofilms deriving from aggressive periodontitis patients (AgP) in conditions of health and disease.Material and methodsNinety‐one plaque samples were collected from 18 patients previously diagnosed and treated for AgP. The samples were taken from (i) 24 residual periodontal pockets (TD) (n = 6 patients), (ii) 24 healthy periodontal sites (TH) (n = 6 patients), (iii) 24 dental sites from the same implant patients (TM) (n = 6 patients), (iv) 5 peri‐implantitis sites (II) (n = 2 patients), (v) 6 peri‐mucositis sites (IM) (n = 2 patients) and (vi) 8 healthy implant sites (IH) (n = 2 patients). All subjects underwent periodontal clinical and radiographic assessments. Bacterial DNA was extracted, PCR amplified using 16S rRNA gene V5‐V7 primers (barcoded amplicons 785F;1175R), purified, pooled at equimolar concentrations and sequenced (MiSeq, Illumina) yielding 250 bp paired‐end reads. The 16S rRNA reads were filtered, assembled and analysed.ResultsThe genera Propionibacterium, Paludibacter, Staphylococcus, Filifactor, Mogibacterium, Bradyrhizobium and Acinetobacter were unique to peri‐implant sites (P = 0.05). In TM samples, different proportions and bacterial spp. were found when compared with the same patients' samples at implant sites. Specifically, Actinomyces (P = 0.013) and Corynebacterium (P = 0.030) genera showed to be significantly more abundant in the TM group when compared to the II. The highest phylogenetic diversity was observed in residual periodontal pocket sites (TD). Increased annual tooth loss rate and residual pocketing was related to high proportions of the genera Actinomyces, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Actinomycetaceae, TM7‐3, Selenomonas, and Dialister, Treponema, Parvimonas and Peptostreptococcus in the TD group.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this pilot study, the periodontal and peri‐implant microbiome presents a dissimilar taxonomic composition across different niches within AgP patients. The host response, the habitat structure and the vast coexistence of strains and species surrounding implants and teeth in health and disease are likely to be shaping the heterogeneous composition of the subgingival biofilms. The TM7 phylum was found only in TD cases. The investigation of the impact of periodontal and peri‐implant keystone species on these complex ecosystems in states of health and disease seems to be essential.
Linking species functional roles to their network roles
Authors: Coux Camille , Rader Romina , Bartomeus Ignasi , Tylianakis Jason M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSpecies roles in ecological networks combine to generate their architecture, which contributes to their stability. Species trait diversity also affects ecosystem functioning and resilience, yet it remains unknown whether species’ contributions to functional diversity relate to their network roles. Here, we use 21 empirical pollen transport networks to characterise this relationship. We found that, apart from a few abundant species, pollinators with original traits either had few interaction partners or interacted most frequently with a subset of these partners. This suggests that narrowing of interactions to a subset of the plant community accompanies pollinator niche specialisation, congruent with our hypothesised trade‐off between having unique traits vs. being able to interact with many mutualist partners. Conversely, these effects were not detected in plants, potentially because key aspects of their flowering traits are conserved at a family level. Relating functional and network roles can provide further insight into mechanisms underlying ecosystem functioning.
Birth weight and subsequent body mass index in children: an international cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mitchell E. A. , Stewart A. W. , Braithwaite I. , Hancox R. J. , Murphy R. , Wall C. , Beasley R. ,   ISAAC Phase Three Study Group
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe reported association between birth weight and subsequent body mass index (BMI) is conflicting.ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between birth weight and BMI in children aged 6–7 years.MethodsSecondary analysis of data from a multi‐centre, multi‐country, cross‐sectional study (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three). Parents/guardians of children aged 6–7 years completed questionnaires about their children's birth weight, current height and weight and whether their mother smoked in the first year of the child's life. A general linear mixed model was used to determine the association between BMI and birth weight.ResultsA total of 72 111 children (17 countries) were included in the analysis. There was a positive association of birth weight with BMI (for each kg increase in birth weight the BMI at 6–7 increased by 0.47 (SE 0.02) kg/m2; p < 0.0001) with a clear gradient by birth weight category. There was no statistically significant interaction between birth weight and Gross National Income (GNI).ConclusionsThere is a positive linear relationship between birth weight and BMI in 6–7 year old children, which is present in both high and low income countries.
Functional and mutational analyses of an omega‐class glutathione S‐transferase (GSTO2) that is required for reducing oxidative damage in Apis cerana cerana
Authors: Zhang Y.‐Y. , Guo X.‐L. , Liu Y.‐L. , Liu F. , Wang H.‐F. , Guo X.‐Q. , Xu B.‐H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGlutathione S‐transferases perform a variety of vital functions, particularly in reducing oxidative damage. Here, we investigated the expression patterns of Apis cerana cerana omega‐class glutathione S‐transferase 2 (AccGSTO2) under various stresses and explored its connection with antioxidant defences. We found that AccGSTO2 knockdown by RNA interference triggered increased mortality in Ap. cerana cerana, and immunohistochemistry revealed significantly decreased AccGSTO2 expression, particularly in the midgut and fat body. Further analyses indicated that AccGSTO2 knockdown resulted in decreases in catalase and glutathione reductase activities, ascorbate content and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, and increases in H2O2, malondialdehyde and carbonyl contents. We also analysed the transcripts of other antioxidant genes and found that many genes were down‐regulated in the AccGSTO2 knockdown samples, revealing that AccGSTO2 may be indispensable for attaining a normal lifespan by enhancing cellular oxidative resistance. In addition, the roles of cysteine residues in AccGSTO2 were explored using site‐directed mutagenesis. Mutants of Cys28 and Cys124 significantly affected the enzyme and antioxidant activities of AccGSTO2, which may be attributed to the changes in the spatial structures of mutants as determined by homology modelling. In summary, these observations provide novel insight into the structural and functional characteristics of GSTOs.
Identification and expression profile of odorant‐binding proteins in Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Paula D. P. , Togawa R. C. , Costa M. M. C. , Grynberg P. , Martins N. F. , Andow D. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is a devastating invasive species in the USA. Similar to other insects, olfaction plays an important role in its survival and reproduction. As odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) are involved in the initial semiochemical recognition steps, we used RNA‐Sequencing (RNA‐Seq) to identify OBPs in its antennae, and studied their expression pattern in different body parts under semiochemical stimulation by either aggregation or alarm pheromone or food odorants. Thirty full‐length putative HhalOBPs were identified, corresponding to 22 ‘classic’ OBPs and eight ‘Plus‐C’ OBPs. The similarity amongst them ranged from 4.95–70.92%, and with another 325 hemipteran OBPs similarity ranged from 1.94–91.51%, the highest levels being with other stink bug OBPs. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the monophyly of seven groups of stink bug and other hemipteran OBPs. All 30 HhalOBPs were expressed and about 2/3 were expressed primarily in antennae. The expression of 21 HhalOBPs was higher in the antennae under alarm pheromone stimulus, indicating that multiple OBPs may be responding to this pheromone. Two were highest in antennae under aggregation pheromone stimulus. These findings should provide a basis for understanding the physiological functions of HhalOBPs and the chemosensory perception of this pest, which may help to uncover new control targets for behavioural interference.
The Ex‐Ante Monitoring Role of Accounting Covenants in Public Debt
Authors: Bozanic Zahn 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn contrast to what is known about accounting covenants in private debt, little empirical evidence on the role of accounting covenants in public debt exists. Diffuse ownership, arm's length monitoring, and collective action problems are unique to the public debt setting and raise the question of whether these covenants serve their intended role. As such, this study investigates whether including covenants reliant upon accounting inputs influences borrowers’ actions to prevent adverse credit events. Accounting covenants in the public debt setting provide firms with a disciplining mechanism to renegotiate ahead of costly technical default – a stark contrast to the ex‐post renegotiation ‘trip wire’ role covenants play in private debt. In particular, the results show that including accounting covenants in public debt is associated with an increased probability of ex‐ante renegotiation, that is, negotiation through consent solicitations ahead of covenant violation. This ex‐ante renegotiation, in turn, is associated with decreased adverse credit events. Cross‐sectional results support these findings as the ex‐ante renegotiation role of accounting covenants varies with bondholders’ and trustees’ monitoring ability.
Periodontally diseased tooth roots used for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation. A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Golubovic Vladimir , Mihatovic Ilja , Becker Jürgen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of periodontally diseased tooth roots used as autografts for lateral ridge augmentation and two‐stage early osseointegration of titanium implants.Material and MethodsLigature‐induced periodontitis lesions were established at the maxillary premolars in n = 8 foxhounds. Extracted, scaled and root planed pre‐molar roots (PM‐P) as well as retromolar cortical autogenous bone (AB) blocks were used for horizontal ridge augmentation of mandibular chronic‐type defects. At 12 weeks, titanium implants were inserted and left to heal for another 3 weeks. Histological analyses included crestal ridge width (CW), augmented area (AA) and bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC).ResultsBoth PM‐P and AB grafts were gradually organized and replaced by newly formed bone. Median CW (PM‐P: 3.83 versus AB: 3.67 mm), AA (PM‐P: 10.18 versus AB: 9.82 mm2) and BIC (PM‐P: 50.00% versus AB: 35.21%) values did not reach statistical significance between groups (p > 0.05, respectively). Histologically, PM‐P grafts were not associated with any inflammatory cell infiltrates.ConclusionsPM‐P autografts may reveal a structural and biological potential to serve as an alternative autograft to AB.
2015 Yutaka Seino Distinguished Leadership Award Lecture: The Japanese American Community Diabetes Study and the ‘canary in the coal mine’
Authors: Fujimoto Wilfred Y 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe rising tide of diabetes in Asia has been preceded by high prevalence rates of diabetes among migrant Asian populations in the USA and elsewhere. A 1963 report from Hawaii showed that diabetes was much more prevalent in Japanese Americans than in Caucasians. The Japanese American Community Diabetes Study was begun in Seattle, Washington, to examine why this was the case, and explore the etiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes among Japanese Americans who were Nisei (second generation) and Sansei (third generation) descendants of the original immigrants to the USA from Japan. This research was planned to be a metabolically‐based longitudinal epidemiological study that assessed lifestyle factors, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and adiposity, including measurements of body fat distribution by anthropometry and computed tomography (CT). An important conclusion from this research was that visceral adiposity was a powerful risk factor for metabolic disease. Our observations suggested that among susceptible Japanese Americans lifestyle led to weight gain, especially in visceral fat depots, that in turn led to decreased insulin sensitivity that unmasked a reduced β‐cell reserve, resulting in hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. This process can be prevented by dietary and exercise intervention. Thus, the Japanese American population has served as an early warning system for type 2 diabetes in Asians, just as caged canaries were used by coal miners as an early warning system for harmful gases in coal mines.
Motor Vehicle Crashes and Dementia: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Meuleners Lynn B. , Ng Jonathon , Chow Kyle , Stevenson Mark 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo compare the frequency of motor vehicle crashes of drivers aged 50 and older with a diagnosis of dementia with that of a group without dementia in the 3 years before and 3 years after an index hospital admission using the Western Australian Data Linkage System (WADLS).DesignRetrospective population‐based study.SettingDe‐identified data were obtained from Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Data System and the Western Australian Death Registrations using the WADLS from 2004 to 2010. The Integrated Road Information System was used to identify individuals involved in a crash as the driver from 2001 to 2013.ParticipantsIndividuals with dementia with an index hospital admission (n = 1,666, 34%) and individuals without dementia (n = 3,636, 66%) who had been involved in at least one motor vehicle crash as the driver from 2001 to 2013.MeasurementsInvolvement in a police‐reported crash as the driver.ResultsThe occurrence of one or more crashes as the driver in the dementia group (43% had a crash as the driver) was higher in the 3 years before the index hospitalization than in the comparison group (30% had a crash as the driver). The risk of a crash was 93% less for those with dementia in the 3 years after an index hospital admission with dementia than for those without dementia (incidence rate ratio = 0.07, 95% confidence interval = 0.06–0.09) compared to the previous 3 years, after adjusting for relevant confounders.ConclusionAlthough older drivers may give up driving after a diagnosis of dementia, they may be at greater risk of crashing before diagnosis or in the early stages of dementia. Better methods are needed to identify at‐risk drivers with early dementia and prevent crashes.
Factors affecting maternal confidence among older and younger Japanese primiparae at one month post‐partum
Authors: Maehara Kunie , Mori Emi , Tsuchiya Miyako , Iwata Hiroko , Sakajo Akiko , Ozawa Harumi , Morita Akiko , Maekawa Tomoko , Makaya Miyuki , Tamakoshi Koji 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo compare the factors that affect maternal confidence at 1 month post‐partum between older (≥35 years old) and younger (20–34 years old) primiparous Japanese mothers.MethodsA multicenter prospective study of mothers who gave birth to live singleton infants in Japan was conducted. Following ethics approval, the participants completed questionnaires 1 day before discharge and 1 month after childbirth. The questionnaires included the Postpartum Maternal Confidence Scale, demographics and background information, prenatal and obstetric data, situational variables and perceptions of daily life, and social support. The obstetric data were extracted from the hospital medical records. Data from the older primiparae (n = 479) and the younger primiparae (n = 1033) were analyzed by using multiple stepwise regressions, controlling for the delivery mode.ResultsMaternal confidence at 1 month post‐partum was positively associated with emotional support for the older primiparae and appraisal support and exclusive breastfeeding for younger primiparae. In both groups, feeling overwhelmed by daily life, a lack of communication with their partner about the parenting role, and a lack of prior experience in caring for babies were negatively related to maternal confidence. Family budget instability was negatively related to maternal confidence in the younger group.ConclusionProviding care that is based on an understanding of the unique support needs of first‐time mothers in different age groups could promote more effective parenting.
Evaluation of neon focused ion beam milling for TEM sample preparation
Authors: PEKIN T.C. , ALLEN F.I. , MINOR A.M. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryGallium‐based focused ion beams generated from liquid–metal sources are widely used in micromachining and sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy, with well‐known drawbacks such as sample damage and contamination. In this work, an alternative (neon) focused ion beam generated by a gas field‐ionization source is evaluated for the preparation of electron‐transparent specimens. To do so, electron‐transparent sections of Si and an Al alloy are prepared with both Ga and Ne ion beams for direct comparison. Diffraction‐contrast imaging and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy are used to evaluate the relative damage induced by the two beams, and cross‐sections of milled trenches are examined to compare the implantation depth with theoretical predictions from Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show that for the beam voltages and materials systems investigated, Ne ion beam milling does not significantly reduce the focused ion beam induced artefacts. However, the Ne ion beam does enable more precise milling and may be of interest in cases where Ga contamination cannot be tolerated.
THE EFFECTS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AMALGAMATION ON PUBLIC SPENDING, TAXATION, AND SERVICE LEVELS: EVIDENCE FROM 15 YEARS OF MUNICIPAL CONSOLIDATION
Authors: Allers Maarten A. , Geertsema J. Bieuwe 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTWe study how municipal amalgamation affects local government spending, taxation, and service provision in the Netherlands. Employing different models, different control groups, and a number of robustness tests, we find no significant effect on aggregate spending or taxation, although spending on administration is reduced. We explore whether this finding might hide amalgamation effects working in opposite directions for different types of municipalities (e.g., small versus large, or homogeneous versus heterogeneous), cancelling each other out. This does not seem to be the case. We also investigate whether amalgamation leads to better public services instead of lower spending, but find no evidence.
Melatonin and its receptor MT1 are involved in the downstream reaction to luteinizing hormone and participate in the regulation of luteinization in different species
Authors: He Changjiu , Ma Teng , Shi Jianmin , Zhang Zhenzhen , Wang Jing , Zhu Kuanfeng , Li Yu , Yang Minghui , Song Yukun , Liu Guoshi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe functions of melatonin in preovulatory fluid remain elusive. In the current study, we observed that the extremely high level of expression of MT1 in mice granulosa cells was rapidly induced by hCG (equivalent LH) within 2 hours and this was referred as MT1 surge. In cumulus cells, serotonin N‐acetyltransferase (SNAT) was also upregulated by hCG and led to elevated melatonin levels in ovarian follicle fluid. Melatonin application before MT1 surge significantly promoted embryo implantation, and this was probably attributed to a rise in progesterone levels in the serum. The mechanistic studies indicated that melatonin/MT1 (MLT/MT1) signaling remarkably improved the expression of corpus luteum marker genes, that is, Akr1c18 and Cyp11a1. High‐throughput sequencing results suggested that extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and activation of PI3K/Akt pathway which are involved in granulosa cell luteinization might mediate the actions of MLT/MT1 signal. In addition, this effect on luteinization was compared in different species. It was verified that high melatonin levels exist in serum at estrum of cows and help to improve the first estrus fecundation rate. These results suggested that both melatonin and MT1 are involved in the downstream reaction of hCG (LH) and they play important roles in luteinization. These findings provide the novel information on the physiology of melatonin in animal reproduction.
Growing older with post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Curran B. , Collier E. 
Published: May 2016

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

The needs of older people with long‐term mental illness are not very well addressed in policy and research.

Older people are not a homogenous group and people ageing with long‐term mental illness have potentially unique or specific needs.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

A unique example of the idiosyncratic and contextual nature of individual strengths and the abilities in managing personal recovery when experiencing long‐term mental illness.

Emotional exhaustion experienced after long‐term mental health compromises the ability to manage feelings, potentially a special feature of life time mental ill health.

What are the implications for practice?

Recognition that the hard work involved in successfully managing long‐term personal recovery may be important in preventing suicide in later life.

The need to understand a person's life story to make sense of their experience of mental illness and to recognize long‐term mental illness to later life as part of a persons' established identity.

The importance of appreciating the place of early memories for understanding older person's mental health in their present.

AbstractIntroductionAgeing with mental illness is a neglected area of research and policy. People who grow older to later life with ongoing mental health problems may not have their needs well understood. This understanding is important if mental health services are to ensure direct or indirect age discrimination is avoided.AimThis paper aims to explore issues relating to later life and ageing with mental illness focused on the story of Bernard (who was 84 years of age at the time of writing) who lived with a diagnosis of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodThe paper is co‐authored by Bernard and the researcher he originally told his story to as a participant in a biographical research study exploring mental ill health through the life course. In the original research study, Bernard completed a curriculum vitae (CV) of his life which informed two personalised interviews. An edited version of this is presented in this paper. Implications for practice are discussed in the context of life course, recovery, self‐help and preventing suicide. The narrative illustrates how time, memory and meaning interweave and how ageing with mental illness become part of a person's ongoing identity.