bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective embolization of ruptured feeding artery aneurysm followed by resection of arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Walcott Brian P. , Russin Jonathan J. , Babadjouni Robin , Mack William J. 
Published: July 2017

This is the case of a man in his 40s who suffered sudden collapse into a deep coma as a result of a ruptured arteriovenous malformation (AVM) feeding artery aneurysm within the lateral ventricle. The ruptured aneurysm was successfully treated with Onyx embolization of the feeding pedicle. The AVM and the feeding artery aneurysm were then removed via a transcallosal approach. This case highlights the utility of interrogating the AVM with microcatheterization of the feeding pedicles in order to define the exact anatomical features necessary for treatment planning. It also reviews the anatomy of the choroidal fissure.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/UeqFzhTRU1Q.
Pediatric Skin Failure
Authors: Cohen Katie E. , Scanlon Matthew C. , Bemanian Amin , Schindler Christine A. 
Published: July 2017

Background
The phenomenon of skin failure as distinct from pressure ulcers has been documented in the adult literature. However, in the pediatric population, skin injury continues to be grouped indiscriminately as various types of pressure ulcers.

Objective
To identify and describe the phenomenon of skin failure in critically ill children.

Methods
Retrospective chart review of 19 patients who had serious skin injuries develop. Organ dysfunction scores, medications, pressure ulcer prevention techniques used, and laboratory values in the 7 days leading up to the development of a skin lesion were evaluated.

Results
At the start of the evaluation period, all patients (N = 19) had pressure ulcer prevention measures in place before the development of a serious skin injury. All of the skin lesions were full-thickness injuries on the day they were identified (as opposed to the more gradual progression from simple to complex skin injuries typically seen in pressure ulcers). As predicted, 18 of 19 patients had multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in the week leading up to the skin injury. All patients with MODS had at least 2 dysfunctional systems, and 12 patients had 4 or more dysfunctional systems. Of the 19 patients, 8 (42%) progressed to death, compared with 1.8% in our general pediatric intensive care unit population.

Conclusion
Although the traditional paradigm is that pressure ulcers are preventable, a subset of pressure ulcers in critically ill children may actually represent acute skin failure as a consequence of MODS.
Early Postnatal Secondhand Smoke Exposure Disrupts Bacterial Clearance and Abolishes Immune Responses in Muco-Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: Lewis Brandon W. , Sultana Razia , Sharma Rahul , Noël Alexandra , Langohr Ingeborg , Patial Sonika , Penn Arthur L. , Saini Yogesh 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure has been linked to the worsening of ongoing lung diseases. However, whether SHS exposure affects the manifestation and natural history of imminent pediatric muco-obstructive airway diseases such as cystic fibrosis remains unclear. To address these questions, we exposed Scnn1b transgenic (Scnn1b-Tg+) mice to SHS from postnatal day (PND) 3–21 and lung phenotypes were examined at PND22. Although a majority of filtered air (FA)-exposed Scnn1b-Tg+ (FA-Tg+) mice successfully cleared spontaneous bacterial infections by PND22, the SHS-exposed Scnn1b-Tg+ (SHS-Tg+) mice failed to resolve these infections. This defect was associated with suppressed antibacterial defenses, i.e., phagocyte recruitment, IgA secretion, and Muc5b expression. Whereas the FA-Tg+ mice exhibited marked mucus obstruction and Th2 responses, SHS-Tg+ mice displayed a dramatic suppression of these responses. Mechanistically, downregulated expression of IL-33, a stimulator of type II innate lymphoid cells, in lung epithelial cells was associated with suppression of neutrophil recruitment, IgA secretions, Th2 responses, and delayed bacterial clearance in SHS-Tg+ mice. Cessation of SHS exposure for 21 d restored previously suppressed responses, including phagocyte recruitment, IgA secretion, and mucous cell metaplasia. However, in contrast with FA-Tg+ mice, the SHS-Tg+ mice had pronounced epithelial necrosis, alveolar space consolidation, and lymphoid hyperplasia; indicating lagged unfavorable effects of early postnatal SHS exposure in later life. Collectively, our data show that early postnatal SHS exposure reversibly suppresses IL-33 levels in airspaces which, in turn, results in reduced neutrophil recruitment and diminished Th2 response. Our data indicate that household smoking may predispose neonates with muco-obstructive lung disease to bacterial exacerbations.
Incorporating root hydraulic redistribution and compensatory water uptake in the Common Land Model: Effects on site level and global land modeling
Authors: Zhu Siguang , Chen Haishan , Zhang Xiangxiang , Wei Nan , Shangguan Wei , Yuan Hua , Zhang Shupeng , Wang Lili , Zhou Lihua , Dai Yongjiu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTreatment of plant water uptake through the roots remains a significant issue in land surface models. Most current land surface models calculate the root water uptake (RWU) by extracting soil water in different soil layers based on the relative soil water availability and the root fraction of each layer within the rooting zone. This approach is also used as the default in the Common Land Model (CoLM). This approach often significantly underestimates plant transpiration during dry periods. Therefore, more realistic RWU functions are needed in land surface models. In this study, the modified CoLM with root hydraulic redistribution (HR) and compensatory water uptake (CWU) was evaluated against the CoLM with the default approach by comparing the observed and simulated latent and sensible heat fluxes observed from three sites that experience seasonal drought over the measured periods. We found that the CoLM using the default RWU significantly underestimated latent heat fluxes and overestimated the sensible heat fluxes over dry periods, whereas those biases were significantly reduced by the CoLM with HR and CWU functions. We also ran global offline simulations using the revised CoLM to evaluate the performance of these alternative RWU functions on the global scale. Compared with the estimated latent heat fluxes from the FLUXNET‐model tree ensemble model product, CoLM with HR and CWU functions significantly improved the estimated latent heat fluxes over the Amazon, Southern Africa, and Central Asia during their dry seasons. Therefore, we recommend the implementation of HR and CWU in land surface models.
Uncertainties in coupled regional Arctic climate simulations associated with the used land surface model
Authors: Matthes Heidrun , Rinke Annette , Zhou Xu , Dethloff Klaus 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPermafrost is one of the most important components of Arctic land. Regional atmosphere‐snow‐permafrost interactions can be best studied with Regional Climate Models (RCMs) due to their higher horizontal resolution compared to global climate models. The development of Arctic RCMs with sophisticated land models is therefore very important. Comparing RCMs with different land surface model (LSM) components then allows the quantification of the uncertainties associated with the LSM. This study analyzes two simulations of coupled atmosphere‐land RCMs over the Arctic, which differ only in their land component, while the atmospheric model component is the same. Specifically, we examine HIRHAM5‐CLM4 (HIRHAM5 coupled with the sophisticated land model CLM4) and HIRHAM5 (HIRHAM5 coupled with the simpler land model of ECHAM5). We discuss the two models' abilities to represent observations on permafrost‐like permafrost extent, active layer thickness (ALT), and soil temperature profiles, as well as on the representation of the Arctic atmosphere, based on simulations over 1979–2014. In comparison to HIRHAM5, HIRHAM5‐CLM4 significantly reduces the simulated bias in ALT and winter soil temperatures. We find that the simulation of soil temperature and subsequently ALT is sensitive to soil thermal and hydraulic parameter representation in the models. The simulation of permafrost extent is sensitive to the initial soil temperature state in the models. Both HIRHAM5 and HIRHAM5‐CLM4 do similarly well in modeling the Arctic 2 m air temperature and atmospheric circulation. Changing the land model impacts the 2 m air temperature significantly over land and the atmospheric circulation predominantly over the Arctic Ocean, associated with changes in baroclinic cyclones.
Epsilon iron oxide: Origin of the high coercivity stable low Curie temperature magnetic phase found in heated archeological materials
Authors: López‐Sánchez J. , McIntosh G. , Osete M. L. , del Campo A. , Villalaín J. J. , Pérez L. , Kovacheva M. , Rodríguez de la Fuente O. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe identification of epsilon iron oxide (ɛ‐Fe2O3) as the low Curie temperature high coercivity stable phase (HCSLT) carrying the remanence in heated archeological samples has been achieved in samples from two archeological sites that exhibited the clearest evidence of the presence of the HCSLT. This uncommon iron oxide has been detected by Confocal Raman Spectroscopy (CRS) and characterized by rock magnetic measurements. Large numbers of ɛ‐Fe2O3 microaggregates (in CO) or isolated clusters (in HEL) could be recognized, distributed over the whole sample, and embedded within the ceramic matrix, along with hematite and pseudobrookite and with minor amounts of anatase, rutile, and maghemite. Curie temperature estimates of around 170°C for CO and 190°C for HEL are lower than for pure, synthetic ɛ‐Fe2O3 (227°C). This, together with structural differences between the Raman spectra of the archeologically derived and synthetic samples, is likely due to Ti substitution in the ɛ‐Fe2O3 crystal lattice. The γ‐Fe2O3‐ɛ‐Fe2O3‐α‐Fe2O3 transformation series has been recognized in heated archeological samples, which may have implications in terms of their thermal history and in the factors that govern the formation of ɛ‐Fe2O3.
Contributions of radiative factors to enhanced dryland warming over East Asia
Authors: Zhang Yanting , Guan Xiaodan , Yu Haipeng , Xie Yongkun , Jin Hongchun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEnhanced near‐surface atmospheric warming has occurred over East Asia in recent decades, especially in drylands. Although local factors have been confirmed to provide considerable contributions to this warming, such factors have not been sufficiently analyzed. In this study, we extracted the radiatively forced temperature (RFT) associated with the built‐up greenhouse gases, aerosol emission, and various other radiative forcing over East Asia and found a close relationship between RFT and CO2. In addition, using climate model experiments, we explored the responses of temperature changes to black carbon (BC), CO2, and SO4 and found that the enhanced dryland warming induced by CO2 had the largest magnitude and was strengthened by the warming effect of BC. Moreover, the sensitivity of daily maximum and minimum temperature changes to BC, CO2, and SO4 was examined. It showed asymmetric responses of daily maximum and minimum temperature to radiative factors, which led to an obvious change of diurnal temperature range (DTR), especially in drylands. The DTR's response to CO2 is the most significant. Therefore, CO2 not only plays a dominant role in enhanced warming but also greatly affects the decrease of DTR in drylands. However, the mechanisms of these radiative factors' effects in the process of DTR change are not clear and require more investigation.
Escapees from Rhombomeric Lineage Restriction: Extensive Migration Rostral to the r4/r5 Border of Hox‐a3 Expression
Authors: Watson Charles , Leanage Gayeshika , Makki Nadja , Tvrdik Petr 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe rhombomeric compartments of the hindbrain are characterized by lineage restriction; cells born in one compartment generally remain there and do not migrate to neighboring rhombomeres. Two well‐known exceptions are the substantial migrations of the pontine nuclei and the mammalian facial nucleus. In this study we used Hoxa3‐Cre lineage to permanently mark cells that originate in rhombomeres caudal to r4. We found that cells born caudal to the r4/r5 border migrate forwards to a number of different locations in rhombomeres 1–4; the final locations include the interfascicular trigeminal nucleus, the principal trigeminal nucleus, the pontine nuclei, the reticulotegmental nucleus, the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, and the lateral and medial vestibular nuclei. We suggest that there are numerous exceptions to the principle of rhombomeric lineage restriction that have previously gone unnoticed. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1838–1846, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vitro and in vivo gene delivery using chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: Influences of molecular mass of hyaluronic acid and lyophilization on transfection efficiency
Authors: Sato Toshinori , Nakata Mitsuhiro , Yang Zhihong , Torizuka Yu , Kishimoto Satoko , Ishihara Masayuki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundLyophilization is an effective method for preserving nonviral gene vectors. To improve the stability and transgene expression of lyophilized plasmid DNA (pDNA) complexes, we coated the surfaces of pDNA/chitosan complexes with hyaluronic acid (HA) of varying molecular masses. The transgene expression of pDNA/chitosan/HA ternary complexes was characterized in vitro and in vivo.MethodspDNA complexes were lyophilized overnight and the resultant products with spongy, porous consistencies were stored at −30, 4 or 25°C for 2 weeks. Rehydrated complexes were characterized using gel retardation assays, aiming to confirm complex formation, measure particle size and evaluate zeta potential, as well as conduct luciferase gene reporter assays. The anti‐tumor effects of pDNA ternary complexes were evaluated using suicide gene (pTK) coding thymidine kinase in Huh7‐implanted mice.ResultsTransfection efficiencies of pDNA/chitosan/HA ternary complexes were dependent on the average molecular masses of HA. The coating of pDNA/chitosan complexes with HA maintained the cellular transfection efficiencies of lyophilized pDNA ternary complexes. Furthermore, intratumoral injection of lyophilized, rehydrated pDNA ternary complexes into tumor‐bearing mice showed a significant suppression of tumor growth.ConclusionsThe coating of pDNA/chitosan complexes with high‐molecular‐weight HA augmented the stability and cellular transfection ability of the complexes after lyophilization‐rehydration.
A Novel Bola‐Type Rosin‐Based Functional Surfactant and Its Synergistic Effect with Natural Surfactant Saponin
Authors: Lin Hai‐xia , Yang Ming‐sheng , Li Juan , Chen Xiao‐yu , Jiang Jian‐xin , Han Chun‐rui 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA novel bola‐type acrylic‐modified rosin ester tertiary ammonium salt surfactant (AETAS) with two hydrophilic groups and a rigid hydrophobic group was synthesized through a simple method from rosin acid, which is a natural raw material. The chemical structure of the synthesized surfactant was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the AETAS was 0.44 g/L, and the surface tension at the CMC (γcmc) was 45.02 mN/m. Self‐assembly behavior of the AETAS in aqueous solution was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The micelle diameter of the AETAS was about 150 nm in aqueous solution. We also explored the synergy of the AETAS and soapnut saponin. The binary surfactant compound systems of the AETAS and soapnut saponin had obvious synergistic effect in enhancing surface activity when the mass ratio of AETAS/soapnut saponin was 1:1. The γcmc of soapnut saponin was 47.70 mN/m when the concentration reached 0.46 g/L, but the γcmc of mixtures decreased to 44.26 mN/m at 0.30 g/L. The emulsification ability of the mixtures was significantly improved and the emulsion performance increased from 245 to 595 s when the mass ratio of AETAS/soapnut saponin was 1:1.
Sequential interactions with Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 activate ATM/Tel1 at DNA double-strand breaks and telomeres
Authors: Limbo Oliver , Yamada Yoshiki , Russell Paul 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) protein complex, CtIP/Ctp1/Sae2 and ATM/Tel1 kinase protect genome integrity through their functions in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, checkpoint signaling, and telomere maintenance. Nbs1 has a conserved C-terminal motif that binds ATM, but the full extent of ATM interactions with MRN are unknown. Here, we show that Tel1 overexpression inSchizosaccharomyces pomberestores Tel1 activity at DSBs and telomeres in the absence of Nbs1. This activity requires Mre11, indicating that Tel1 overexpression drives low affinity binding to the Mre11-Rad50 subcomplex. Mre11-Rad50 binds DSBs innbs1Δ cells, and fusing the Tel1-binding motif of Nbs1 to Mre11 fully restores Tel1 signaling in these cells. Tel1 overexpression does not restore Tel1 signaling in cells carrying therad50-I1192Wmutation, which impairs the ability of Mre11-Rad50 to form the ATP-bound closed conformation. From these findings, we propose that Tel1 activation at DNA ends proceeds by a sequential mechanism initiated by high affinity binding to Nbs1 which recruits Tel1, followed by a low affinity interaction with Mre11-Rad50 in the closed conformation to activate Tel1.
Compressive Temporal Summation in Human Visual Cortex
Authors: Zhou Jingyang , Benson Noah C. , Kay Kendrick , Winawer Jonathan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCombining sensory inputs over space and time is fundamental to vision. Population receptive field models have been successful in characterizing spatial encoding throughout the human visual pathways. A parallel question—how visual areas in the human brain process information distributed over time—has received less attention. One challenge is that the most widely used neuroimaging method—fMRI—has coarse temporal resolution compared to the time-scale of neural dynamics. Here, via carefully controlled temporally modulated stimuli, we show that information about temporal processing can be readily derived from fMRI signal amplitudes in male and female subjects. We find that all visual areas exhibit sub-additive summation, whereby responses to longer stimuli are less than the linear prediction from briefer stimuli. We also find fMRI evidence that the neural response to two stimuli is reduced for brief interstimulus intervals (indicating adaptation). These effects are more pronounced in visual areas anterior to V1-V3. Finally, we develop a general model that shows how these effects can be captured with two simple operations: temporal summation followed by a compressive nonlinearity. This model operates for arbitrary temporal stimulation patterns and provides a simple and interpretable set of computations that can be used to characterize neural response properties across the visual hierarchy. Importantly, compressive temporal summation directly parallels earlier findings of compressive spatial summation in visual cortex describing responses to stimuli distributed across space. This indicates that for space and time, cortex uses a similar processing strategy to achieve higher-level and increasingly invariant representations of the visual world.Significance statementCombining sensory inputs over time is fundamental to seeing. Two important temporal phenomena aresummation, the accumulation of sensory inputs over time, andadaptation, a response reduction for repeated or sustained stimuli. We investigated these phenomena in the human visual system using fMRI. We built predictive models that operate on arbitrary temporal patterns of stimulation using two simple computations: temporal summation followed by a compressive nonlinearity. Our new temporal compressive summation model captures (1) subadditive temporal summation, and (2) adaptation. We show that the model accounts for systematic differences in these phenomena across visual areas. Finally, we show that for space and time, the visual system uses a similar strategy to achieve increasingly invariant representations of the visual world.
Analysis of behaviour in the Active Allothetic Place Avoidance task based on cluster analysis of the rat movement motifs
Authors: Gehring Tiago V. , Wesierska Malgorzata J. , Wójcik Daniel K. , Vasilaki Eleni 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Active Allothetic Place Avoidance test (AAPA) is a useful tool to study spatial memory in a dynamic world. In this task a rat, freely moving on a rotating circular arena, has to avoid a sector where shocks are presented. The standard analysis of memory performance in the AAPA task relies on evaluating individual performance measures. Here we present a new method of analysis for the AAPA test that focuses on the movement paths of the animals and utilizes a clustering algorithm to automatically extract the stereotypical types of behaviour as reflected in the recorded paths. We apply the method to experiments that study the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the reference memory and identify six major classes of movement motifs not previously described in AAPA tests. The method allows us to analyse the data with no prior expectations about the motion to be seen in the experiments.
Utilizing a resource of enrichment profiles in plasma for the systematic assessment of antibody selectivity
Authors: Fredolini Claudia , Byström Sanna , Sanchez-Rivera Laura , Ioannou Marina , Tamburro Davide , Branca Rui M. , Nilsson Peter , Lehtiö Janne , Schwenk Jochen M. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThere is a strong need for procedures that enable context and application dependent validation of antibodies. Here we describe the foundation for a resource aiding more detailed assessment antibody selectivity for capturing endogenous proteins from human plasma. In 414 immunoprecipitation (IP) experiments with EDTA plasma, data was generated by mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with 157 antibodies (targeting 120 unique proteins). Out of a total of 1,313 unique proteins, 426 proteins (33%) were detected in > 20% of the assays and indicate a background comprised of mainly proteins from the complement system. For all proteins identified either in heat-treated or untreated EDTA plasma, frequencies of occurrence were derived. We determined z-scores for each IP as a measure of enrichment to annotate the antibodies into four categories (ON-target, CO-target, OFF-target and NO-target). For 45% (70/157) of the tested antibodies, the expected target proteins were enriched (z-score ≥3) above background. There were 84% (59/70) of binders that co-enriched other proteins beside the intended target, either due to OFF-target binding or predicted interactions. Comparing several antibodies raised against IGFBP2, the established library allowed us to describe protein complexes in plasma, and we employed multiplexed sandwich immunoassays to confirm these. In summary, the generated resource of plasma enrichment profiles and background proteins adds a very useful and yet lacking starting point for the assessment of antibody selectivity in this clinically important body fluid. The provided insights will contribute to a more informed use of validated affinity reagents and may lead to further advancements of plasma proteomics assays.