bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selected Granular Insecticide Treatments for Control of Southern Corn Rootworm Injury in Two Peanut Fields, 1996
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Granular insecticides were evaluated for control of SCR pod injury in Virginia-type peanut in 2 fields in Suffolk, VA. The 2 fields selected differed in soil characteristics but were both considered to represent a moderate level of risk to pod damage by SCR. ‘VA-C 92R’ peanuts were planted on 3 May (Field 1) and 23 May (Field 2) using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied in a 14-inch band over the row with a tractor-mounted Noble granular applicator on 28 June (at the time of early pegging). A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 200 ft (Field 1) and 4 rows by 180 ft (Field 2). Pod injury was determined 28 Aug and again 25 Sep from all full-sized pods from 5 randomly selected plants per plot. Pods were categorized as immature or mature and as undamaged, scarred (superficial damage to the outer pod wall), or penetrated (pod wall penetrated). Yield was determined by digging, combining, drying and weighing peanuts from the 2 center rows of each plot (400 row ft per plot, 4 Oct - Field 1; 360 row ft per plot, 14 Oct - Field 2). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Effects of Insecticides on Thrips Populations, Peanut Injury, Growth and Yield, 1995
Authors: Mulder P.G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated for TT control and for effects on growth and yield of Okrun runner type peanut in Chickasha, Oklahoma. Peanuts were planted on 36-inch rows on 16 May. Granular insecticides were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at planting with a tractor-mounted John Deere granular applicator. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows wide by 50 ft long. Treatments were evaluated by comparing: plant stand counts per l/1000th of an acre and injury ratings based on a 0 to 6 scale where 0 = no thripinjured leaf and 6 = 100 percent injured leaves. In addition, thrips control was evaluated by collecting 5 unopened quadrifoliate leaves per plot on 1 May, 6 Jun, 13 Jun, 20 Jun and 28 Jun. Unopened leaves were placed in vials of alcohol and returned to the laboratory where adult and larval thrips were separated and counted under a dissecting microscope. Yields were based on digging, combining, drying and weighing peanuts from 2 rows of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Fipronil, 1996A
Authors: Bernhardt J. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental design was a RCB with 11 treatments and 4 replications. Plot size was 9 rows (7 inch spacing) by 25 ft. Adjacent plots were separated by a 2 ft alley. Rice was drill-seeded in Crowley silt loam at 90 lb/acre on 16 May and emerged on 22 May. Propanil and Bolero at 3 and 2 lb (AI)/acre, respectively, were applied for weed control on 11 Jun. Nitrogen was applied in a 3-way split of 90 lb N/acre as urea on 18 Jun and 30 lb N/acre on 13 and 22 Jul. Preplant treatments of fipronil were made with a CO2-pressurized back-pack sprayer at 18 gpa. and incorporated to a 2 inch depth with a tractor-mounted rotary tiller. Seed treated with fipronil was supplied by Rhone Poulenc Ag. Chemical Company. Permanent flood was established on 18 Jun. Furadan 3G was applied 14 d after permanent flood with a hand-shaker. On 11 and 12 Jul and on 25 and 26 Jul, five 4 X 4 inch (diam by depth) soil cores with an average of 9 plants/core were removed from plots. Soil was washed from the plant roots into a 40-mesh screen. The screen was immersed in salt water and RWW immatures were removed. Plots were harvested with a small combine on 25 Sep. Reported yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and LSD.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides For Rice Stink Bug, Blackfaced Leafhopper And Grasshopper Control, 1996
Authors: Papenburg T.M. , Muegge M.A. , Bollich P.A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Selected insecticides were evaluated for control of RSB, BFL and grasshoppers at the Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA. Plots, 5 X 20 ft, were arranged in a randomized block design with four replicates and six treatments. Fertilizer was incorporated pre-plant and applied broadcast 12 wk post-flood at 100 lb (13-13-13) and 50 lb (21-0-0) N-P-K/acre respectively. Plots were drill-seeded to Crowley silt loam with ‘Cyprus’ rice at 100 lb seed/acre on 1 May and permanently flooded 21 Jun. Foliar applications of the insecticides were made on 23 Jul using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 15 gpa at 28 psi with 110015 VS flat-fan nozzles on a 3 ft boom. A standard 15 inch diam sweepnet was used to collect samples (18 sweeps per plot) beginning on 23 Jul and continuing weekly for 3 consecutive wk. Individual sweepnet samples were placed in a plastic bag, frozen, and the contents counted for total number of RSB, BFL, and grasshoppers. The center 4 rows of each plot were harvested on 11 Sep using a Kubota combine. Moisture content of harvested grain was determined and then standardized to 12% moisture for calculation of yield. Pecky rice injury was expressed as a percentage of injured seed found in three 100-seed subsamples per plot. Sample data were subjected to ANOVA. The experimental and sampling error terms for the pecky rice data were tested for homogeneity of variances, and pooled error terms used to test the treatment effect when appropriate. All data were subjected to mean separation using the protected least square difference (LSD) procedure at P – 0.05.
Control of Rice Water Weevil on Drill-Seeded Rice with Diflubenzuron at Eagle Lake, 1996
Authors: Way M.O. , Wallace R.G. , Vawter J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAES Western Area Operations at Eagle Lake. The experiment was designed as a RCB with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. Plots were drill planted (7.5 inches between rows) on 3 Api at 100 lb seed/acre. Soil type was Nada. Plots were fertilized at planting with 30 lb nitrogen, 38 lb phosphorus, and 40 lb potassium/acre. On 8 Apr, Facet 50WP and Bolero 8EC were applied at 0.35 lb and 2 pt/acre, respectively. Rice emerged 14 Apr after which rice was flush irrigated as needed until application of the permanent flood on 3 May (19 d after rice emergence). On 1 May, Bolero 8EC, Stam 4E, Ordram 8E, and Facet 75DF were applied at 2 pt. 2 qt, 2 pt, and 0.33 lb/acre, respectively. Plots were fertilized immediately before the permanent flood with urea at 70 lb nitrogen/acre. Diflubenzuron treatments were applied with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held, CO2-pressurized spray rig. Final spray volume was 37 gpa. Furadan 3G was applied with a hand-held shaker jar. On 22 May, Londax was applied at 0.1 lb/acre. On each of 29 May and 18 Jun (26 d and 46 d, respectively, aftei application of the permanent flood) five 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. Plots were fertilized at panicle differentiation (7 Jun) with urea at 50 lb nitro-gen/acre. Thus, total applied nitrogen/acre was 150 lb. The middle 8 rows of each plot were harvested with a small plot combine on 7 Aug. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x+ 0.5. All data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT
Greenhouse Evaluation of Imidacloprid-Treated Seed for Control of Yellow Sugarcane Aphid on Sorghum Seedlings, 1993
Authors: Anderson R. M. , Pendleton, B. B. , Teetes G. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The effectiveness of imidacloprid-treated sorghum seed for control of yellow sugarcane aphid was evaluated in a re-search greenhouse at Texas A&M University. Seed treated with 1, 2, 3, and 4 oz (AI)/cwt of imidacloprid was sown in 110-mm germination pots containing a prepared soil mixture of peat, vermiculite, and perlite in a 2:1:1 ratio, respectively. There were 10 single-seedling replications for each rate of imidacloprid. Plants were infested 3, 10, and 31 d after emergence (DAE) with 10, 15, and =21 yellow sugarcane aphids, respectively. An initial count of yellow sugarcane aphids was made 4 h after plant infestation (HAI). Subsequent counts of yellow sugarcane aphids were made 1,3,5, and 7 d (and 14 d for those infested 31 DAE) after infestation (DAI). Percent control was calculated by using the Henderson and Tilton (1955) formula. Data were analyzed statistically by using ANOVA and LSD.
Aphid Control on Shade Tobacco with Systemic Insecticides, 1996
Authors: LaMondia James A. , Rathier Thomas M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were evaluated for tobacco aphid control in a cloth-covered shade tent at the CT Agricultural Expt. Station Valley Laboratory in Windsor, CT. The soil was an Entic Haplorthod (71.8% sand, 23.0% silt, 5.2% clay, pH = 6.0 and OM = 4.0%) naturally infested with tobacco cyst nematodes (Globodera tabacum tabacum). On 28 May, plots were fertilized with 126 lb N/acre of cottonseed meal-based 10-8-10, broadcast treated with Lorsban 4E at 1.5 lb (AI)/acre and Ridomil 2E at 1 lb (AI)/acre and spiked to incorporate. On 5 Jun, Vydate L [2.0 lb (AI)/acre in 107 gpa water] was broadcast to appropriate plots in a 39-inch swath using a TeeJet KCL-5 nozzle and raked to incorporate. Tobacco was transplanted on 6 Jun to rows 39-in apart with 1 -ft spacing within rows. There were 20 replicate 4-row plots of each treatment (15 X 15 ft), each with 2 treated pick rows in the center and 2 adjacent treated border rows. Plots were separated by an additional untreated border row. Vydate was band applied at 2.0 lb (AI)/acre to appropriate plots on 7 Jun to 6 inches on either side of rows using a backpack sprayer with a TeeJet 8004-E nozzle and incorporated by hoeing. Admire 2F was applied on 6 Jun as a soil drench at 0.15 lb (AI)/acre (10,800 plants/acre) using a backpack sprayer with a TeeJet TG-3 nozzle at 15 psi to apply 20 ml/plant in 2 10-ml applications 2 cm to either side of plants. Foliai Orthene at 0.75 lb (AI)/acre, in 204 gpa water, was applied on 8 Jul to previously untreated plots and on 16 Aug to plots previously sprayed with Orthene or Vydate using a TG-3 nozzle at 15 psi. One leaf each from 15 plants per row was removed on 16 Aug, 21 Aug, 30 Aug, and 6 Sep (60 leaves per plot) and rated for apterous aphids (scale: 0 = no aphids or winged only; 1 = 1 aphid per leaf; 2 = 2-10 aphids 3 = 11-100 aphids and 4 = more than 100 aphids per leaf). Ratings from 15 plants per plot were recorded and treatments compared within dates by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis Test. Plants were picked at weekly intervals over six weeks (29 Jul, 6 Aug, 15 Aug, 20 Aug and 28 Aug) to remove 18 leaves.
Pear, Seasonal Insecticide Evaluation for Pear Psylla, 1996
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Ten insecticide treatments, either single compounds or combinations of various insecticides, were evaluated for their ability to control PP on a seasonal basis. The experimental sprays were applied to single-tree replicated plots in a block of ‘Bartlett’ (84%), ‘Bosc’ (9%), and ‘D’Anjou’ (7%) pears. Trees were planted at a spacing of 24 X 24 ft and were 17 years old. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized block design utilizing the cv. Bartlett. Experimental sprays were applied with a handgun at 400 psi from a truck mounted sprayer equipped with a Kohler 23 gpm pump. All plots received a regular fungicide maintenance schedule of Benlate 50DF, Streptomycin and Ziram 76WP. All treatments were evaluated by counting eggs and/or nymphs from leaf samples using a binocular microscope under 10X magnification at 3-12 day intervals. Counts were made on 15 spur leaf samples from 6 May to 20 May, on 8 spur and 7 third most distal shoot leaf samples 28 May, and on 15 third most distal leaf samples from 6 Jun-27 Jun. Adult PP were sampled by making 2-minute observations around the pe-riphery of each tree. Russet evaluations were made on pear fruits (25 per replicate). Each replicate was rated as 0 (no russet), 1 (raised lenticels), 2 (1-10% russeted surface), 3 (11-25% russeted surface), 4 (26-50% russeted surface), or 5 (&gt;51% russeted surface). The individual ratings were added to calcu-late a russet rating for each replicate. Possible ranges for the replicate russet ratings (and estimate of range of % of surface russeted) are 0-25 (none to raised lenticels) 26-50 (raised lenticels to 1-10% russeted surface), 51-75 (1-10% to 11-25% russeted surface, 76-100 (11-25% to 26-50% russeted surface), and 101-125 (26-50% to &gt;51% russeted surface). Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Evaluation of Bifenthrin, Diazinon, and Dursban Formulations for Management of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass, 1996
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatment plots were 6 X 10 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times at University Park, PA. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 454 ml of water/60 ft2 or delivering 2.0 gal/1,000 ft2. Treatments were applied on 25 Jul following artificial infestation of the research area with 2nd and 3rd instar black cutworms. An average of 16/yd2 cutworm larvae was recorded on 23 Jul prior to treatment. At treatment time (25 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 73°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 66°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 80%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 69.7% sand, 25.9% silt, 4.4% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 12.7%; organic matter, 3.6%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.6%; time of application, early morning; and clear skies. Evaluation was done 2 DAT (27 Jul), 7 DAT (1 Aug), and 14 DAT (8 Aug) by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame area using a soap irritant drench of 30 ml Lemon Joy™ dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water.
Control of White Grubs with Halofenozide (RH 0345) and Imidacloprid (MERIT), 1996
Authors: Held D. , Potter D. A. , Williamson C. , Kunkel B. , Kreuger B. , Mason N. , Eliason E. , Keathley C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was conducted on mature, low-maintenance Kentucky bluegrass turf at the University of Kentucky Spindletop Farm, near Lexington. The turf was on a Maury silt loam soil (pH = 6.4) with negligible thatch. Plots (6X6 ft) were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replicates. The turf was treated on 29 Aug, when soil populations consisted of primarily 2nd instars, with some 3rd instars. Conditions during application were 84°F with winds &lt; 10 mph. The whole site received ½ inch irrigation as soon as the last treatment was applied. There was no additional water on the site until 7 Sept, when it rained 0.82 inch. Granular formulations were preweighed, mixed with dry sand, and applied by gloved hand. Plots were sampled on 17 Sep by cutting a 3 X 1.5 foot strip, about 3 inches deep, from the center of each plot with a motorized sod cutter. Sod was rolled back, broken apart, and examined for grubs which were counted and identified.
Suppression of Annual Bluegrass Weevil on a Golf Course Fairway with Split Applications of Chlor-Pyrifos and Experimental Formulations, 1996
Authors: Heller P.R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (70%) and Kentucky bluegrass (30%) in Bedford County, PA. Applications were made when flowering dogwood was in full bloom. Treatment plots were 6 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with four 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 fi boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 272 ml of water/36 ft2 or delivering 2 gal water/1,000 ft2. At the 1st treatment time (14 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 57°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 64°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 60°F; RH, 35% amount of thatch, 0.25-0.50 inches; soil textural class, loam; soil particle size analysis: 27.4% sand, 46.9% silt, 25.8% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight) 46.6%; organic matter, 6.8%; water pH, 7; soil pH, 5.9; application time, mid-morning; and clear skies. The experimental area was irrigated with 0.1 inch 24 hr after treatment. At the 2nd treatment time (31 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: application time, late-morning; air tem perature, 61°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 64°F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 58°F; RH, 48%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.50 inch; soil texturai class, loam; soil particle size analysis: 27.4% sand, 46.9% silt, 25.8% clay; organic matter, 6.8%; soil condition, moist; water pH, 7; soil pH, 5.9; and cleai skies. The experimental area was irrigated with 0.1 inch 1 hr after treatment. Post-treatment counts were made on 19 Jun. Annual bluegrass weevil con trol was evaluated by removing three 4-inch cup cutter sod samples from each replicate and recording the total number of annual bluegrass weevil life stages (larva, pupa, adult) per sample. Totals were then converted to a ft2 count.
Comparison of Two Nematode Formulations for Black Turfgrass Ataenius Control, 1996
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Carney Bryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted at Wentworth-By-The-Sea Country Club, New Castle, NH. All treatments were applied to a fairway on 15 Jul on 7 X 7 ft plots, 5 replicates per treatment, using an RCB design with 1 -ft buffers between plots. Treatments were applied with a 2-wheel bicycle-type CO2 boom sprayer equipped with 4 spray heads, fitted with a 50-mesh strainer and an 8004 fan-type nozzle. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/1000 ft2 delivered at 40 psi. The entire trial was irrigated with 1/2 inch of water immediately after application. Weather conditions at time of application were as follows: air temp, 72°F; sky, cloudy; wind, strong breeze. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 70°F; at 1-inch depth, 71°F; at 2-inch depth, 71°F; texture, sandy loam; sand, 67%; silt, 27%; clay, 6%, soil pH, 6.0; dry matter, 74%; moisture, 26%; organic matter, 12%; thatch depth, 1/4 inch. The trial was rated on 5 Aug. A Ryan 12” sod cutter was used to cut a strip to a depth of 3/4 inch. A 1 ft2 piece of sod was pealed back, and live grubs were counted.
Root Weevil Control 1996
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Chamberlin J. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two-year-old rhododendrons were planted in 6 inch black plastic containers with equal parts sphagnum peat and pumice and treated weekly with 20-20-20 fertilizer. Each container was placed in a 13 inch diameter plastic saucer whose inner 1.5 inch high walls were coated with Fluon to sequester the 10 BVW adults placed on each plant. A 2 X 3 inch piece of opaque plastic was placed on the potting soil to provide an aggregation site for the BVW during the day. The trials were conducted under bird screen with 0.75 in2 mesh to prevent bird predation. Chemical treatments were applied to all leaf surfaces to run-off on 25 Jun with an R&D CO2 pressurized test plot sprayer, calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 1.5 mph from 3 D3-45 TeeJet nozzles. Plants were arranged in a RCB design replicated 4 times with 3 plants/replicate. The number of dead BVW were recorded in each replicate 3 and 7 DAT. Also, foliar notching injury was rated on a 0-5 scale; 0 = no injury; 5 = maximum injury.
Laboratory Tests for Blueberry Insect Control, 1996
Authors: Drummond F. A. , Collins J. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
These tests were conducted using a BurkardR computer controlled spray apparatus to apply the materials at 10 lbs psi air pressure and an orifice setting of 6. For all applications, 0.2 ml test material was sprayed into each petri dish. For tests with the fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana, insects were sprayed in filter-paper lined, 10-cm diameter petri dishes; blueberry foliage was introduced immediately after spray application. For all other tests, blueberry foliage was placed in the petri dishes prior to application. Foliage was changed every 2-3 days. The number of insects ranged from 4-10 according to pest species and its developmental stage. Replicates ranged from 2-8 in number. Mortality of insects in test dishes was recorded at intervals of 1-5 days (see tables). Dead insects were held in separate petri dishes for up to 2 weeks to detect mycosis or parasitism. Log(dose)-probit (mortality) regressions were used to quantify the relationship between dose of test material and mortality. The date selected for performing the regression was usually 4 days after spraying, although the criterion used to select the date was evidence of significant mortality across the dosages.
Laboratory Evaluation of Fipronil Against DBM Larvae, 1995
Authors: Mau R.F.L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were evaluated using the leaf dip method. Head cabbage was seeded in community pots. Each pot containing approximately 10 cabbage plants in the 5-7 true leaf seedling stage was inverted and dipped in a test insecticide mix for about 30 sees for complete coverage. The dipped plants were allowed to air dry. For each dip, 1 liter insecticide mix was prepared based on field rate concentrations of 100 gal/acre. Leaves from treated plants were detached and placed in a ventilated plastic petri dish. DBM larvae from a laboratory colony that originated from individuals collected from a cabbage field at Kula, Hawaii and Kamuela, Hawaii were used. Ten 3rd instars were placed on each leaf. Each treatment was replicated 10 times. The number of dead larvae was counted at 24-hour intervals. Larvae were recorded as dead when there was no movement when probed.
Insecticidal Effects of Vegetable Oil on Silverleaf Whitefly, 1996
Authors: Liu T.-X. , Stansly P. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
All but the top 3-4 fully expanded leaves were removed from 45-50 cm tomato plant with 7-9 leaves and 35 to 40 cm collard with 6-7 leaves. Plants were exposed for 72 h (Test 1) or 24 h (Test 2) to a greenhouse colony of silverleaf whitefly for oviposition. The plants were then incubated 10 d. Second instars predominated in both tests. The 3 vegetable oils labeled “A”, “B”, and “C” (Integrated Biocentrol Systems, Inc., Lawrenceburg, IN), 20 ml each, were measured into plastic vials with 5 ml of the non-ionic surfactant APSA 80 and mixed using a Vortex mixer for about 1 min. Dilutions of 0.5 and 1.0% were made by adding the correct amount of each mixture drop by drop to a 500 ml beaker filled with R.O. purified water while stirring on a magnetic stirring plate. The dilutions were stirred for an additional 2-3 min for a total stirring time of 5-10 minutes. All mixtures emulsified well. APSA 80 [0.04%(AI)] and Sunspray Ultra Fine Oil (Sun Refining & Marketing Co., Philadelphia, PA), were also tested and water was used the check. Leaves bearing an average of 120 whitefly nymphs (range: 70-179) were removed from the plant and placed abaxial side up at the bottom of a Potter Spray Tower. The tower was operated at 10 psi to deliver a volume of 3 ml. Treated leaves were placed, petiole down, in water-filled 20ml vials and incubated in an insectary 25 ± 2°C, 55-60%RH and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h for 5-7 days. Because of non-uniform age distribution in the first test, only dead 2nd instars and live 3rd and 4th instars were recorded. Pupae (dead or alive) were not recorded because they would have been 3rd or 4th instars when treated. For the second test, all dead and live whitefly nymphs were counted under a stereoscopic microscope.