bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data Access and Automated Decision-Making in European Financial Law
Authors: Pflücke Felix 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article examines the regulatory landscape of financial data access within the European Union, emphasising the implications and effectiveness of recent legislative initiatives. It provides an in-depth analysis of the Financial Data Access Regulation (FIDA) proposal and its relationship with existing laws, focusing on the possibilities for data access and utilisation in the context of Open Finance. The discussion evaluates the regulatory framework for automated decision-making (ADM) in European financial law, highlighting its strengths and identifying areas for improvement. By exploring the intersections of tech resilience, financial regulation, and data protection, the article aims to clarify the practical implications of current and proposed rules, emphasising effective practices and areas needing further legislative attention.
Healthcare-associated infections in Japanese hospitals: results from a large-scale multicenter point-prevalence survey in Aichi, 2020
Authors: Morioka Hiroshi , Koizumi Yusuke , Oka Keisuke , Okudaira Masami , Tomita Yuka , Kojima Yumi , Watariguchi Toshitaka , Watamoto Koichi , Mutoh Yoshikazu , Tsuji Takeshi , Yokota Manabu , Shimizu Junichi , Hasegawa Chihiro , Iwata Susumu , Nagaoka Masatoshi , Ito Yuji , Kawasaki Shohei , Kato Hiroki , Kitagawa Yuichi , Goto Takuya , Nozaki Yasuhiro , Akita Kenji , Shimizu Shinsuke , Nozawa Masanori , Kato Munehiro , Ishihara Masamitsu , Ito Kenta , Yagi Tetsuya ,   Research Group of Aichi Point Prevalence Survey
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective:Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Epidemiological data are essential for effective HAI control; however, comprehensive information on HAIs in Japanese hospitals is limited. This study aimed to provide an overview of HAIs in Japanese hospitals.Methods:A multicenter point-prevalence survey (PPS) was conducted in 27 hospitals across the Aichi Prefecture between February and July 2020. This study encompassed diverse hospital types, including community, university, and specialized hospitals. Information on the demographic data of the patients, underlying conditions, devices, HAIs, and causative organisms was collected.Results:A total of 10,199 patients (male: 5,460) were included in this study. The median age of the patients was 73 (interquartile range [IQR]: 56–82) years, and the median length of hospital stay was 10 (IQR: 4–22) days. HAIs were present in 6.6% of patients, with pneumonia (1.83%), urinary tract infection (1.09%), and surgical site infection (SSI) (0.87%) being the most common. The prevalence of device-associated HAIs was 0.91%. Staphylococcus aureus (17.3%), Escherichia coli (17.1%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.2%) were the primary pathogens in 433 organisms; 29.6% of the Enterobacterales identified showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. Pneumonia was the most prevalent HAI in small-to-large hospitals (1.69%–2.34%) and SSI, in extra-large hospitals (over 800 beds, 1.37%).Conclusions:This study offers vital insights into the epidemiology of HAIs in hospitals in Japan. These findings underscore the need for national-level PPSs to capture broader epidemiological trends, particularly regarding healthcare challenges post-COVID-19.
Memory, post-fascism and the far-right
Authors: Ortiz Cabrero Lorena , Sierp Aline 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
After 78 years of democracy, Italy continues to grapple with its recent past in the political, social, and cultural spheres. Its experience of fascism under Mussolini, its dual participation in the Second World War, and the continuous and still existent connections between the ideological factions of the 1930s–1940s and now render the country a rich case for the study of public history and memory. The specificity of these characteristics has often made Italian history and memory look like an outlier, shaped by circumstances difficult to compare with those of other countries'. This paper argues that contemporary Italian memory politics are in reality a valuable source of information about the kind of mnemonic discourses that may arise in other (Western) European countries, given the increasingly polarised and populist European landscape. Our study of discourses put forwarded by the post-fascist party Fratelli d'Italia reveals a set of mnemonic tools with which they successfully banalise fascism and chip at Italian public discourse slowly but surely. The comparison between this discourse and that of VOX and AfD in Spain and Germany, respectively, shows that these tools, ranging from nativism to policy (de)legitimation linked to fascist imagery, has started to transfer to other countries' political strategies.
CONGRUENCES FOR SUMS OF MACMAHON’S q-CATALAN POLYNOMIALS
Authors: AMDEBERHAN TEWODROS , TAURASO ROBERTO 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
One variant of the q-Catalan polynomials is defined in terms of Gaussian polynomials by

$$ \begin{align*}\mathcal{C}_k(q)=\bigg[\begin{matrix}{2k}\\ {k}\end{matrix}\bigg]_q-q \bigg[\begin{matrix}{2k}\\ {k+1} \end{matrix}\bigg]_q.\end{align*} $$

Liu [‘On a congruence involving q-Catalan numbers’, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris358 (2020), 211–215] studied congruences of the form

$\sum _{k=0}^{n-1} q^k\mathcal {C}_k$

modulo the cyclotomic polynomial

$\Phi _n(q)^2$

, provided that

$n\equiv \pm 1\pmod 3$

. Apparently, the case

$n\equiv 0\pmod 3$

has been missing from the literature. Our primary purpose is to fill this gap. In addition, we discuss a certain fascinating link to Dirichlet character sum identities.
Monsieur Vincent: Three Hundred Years After
Authors: Shannon G. J. 
Published: October 2024

M. PIERRE FRESNAY, excellently made-up as a priest of the seventeenth century, walked quickly across the church. He threw open the door of a confessional, beckoned to the confessor who was ministering to the souls of a few dévotes; then, together, they turned their backs on such pious trivialities and set out for the field of practical philanthropy.The concept of the projected image is quite familiar in contemporary publicity and propaganda. It involves the selection and exaggeration of some one aspect of a product, a political party, a public figure, and the stamping of the result on the imagination of readers, viewers, or listeners. The French film, Monsieur Vincent, in which occurred the scene mentioned above, is a typical example of image projection: it is not unfair to say that the impression left on its audiences was one of almost complete activism. The vivid episodes presented the saint in a way calculated to appeal to the mood of the mid-twentieth century.
Collateral kids: Weighing the lives of children in targeting
Authors: Provost René , Wijenayake Vishakha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe principle of proportionality under international humanitarian law prohibits an attack if the expected harm to civilian persons and objects is excessive in relation to the anticipated concrete and direct military advantage. In this article we argue that, when applying the principle of proportionality, the incidental harm to a child must be given a higher value as compared to incidental harm to an adult. This reflects the broader framework of international humanitarian law, which creates stratifications amongst different groups of civilians and provides special protection for children in times of war. This aligns with the practice of many militaries, which tends to implicitly assign a heightened worth to the lives of children due to moral and political considerations. Such reasons stem from the perceived vulnerability of children as well as their moral innocence reflecting harmlessness and blamelessness. Indeed, harm to children’s lives tends to generate a greater backlash among the community to which they belong and, as a result, a military disadvantage. We argue that the greater weight assigned to the lives of children in proportionality assessments is not simply a matter of morality or strategic calculations, but in fact a requirement from a more wholistic interpretation of international humanitarian law.
Closure of small fenestrations without optimal rims with a PDA coil far from primary atrial septal defects: a new approach
Authors: Sánchez González Sylvia K. , Colín Ortiz José L. , Flores Arizmendi Alejandro , Bobadilla Aguirre Alfredo , Corona Villalobos Carlos A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is a CHD that can be treated percutaneously since 1974, mostly cases with only one main defect. In cases with fenestrations close to the main defect, a single occluder can be used for treatment because the discs extend beyond the waist of the device. In some cases where the defects are far from each other, they may require either more than one device or surgical closure. We present two patients in whom we observed fenestrations far from the primary defect. Initially, the main ASDs were closed with an ASD occluder, and then the fenestrations were closed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) coil, resulting in complete closure of both defects. This shows that closing small fenestrations that are far away from the primary interatrial defect without rims and using other devices instead, such as a PDA coil, is feasible and can avoid the need for an open-heart surgical procedure; moreover, it is important to note that leaving these fenestrations open can have the same physiology as a patent foramen oval.
Unexpected and atypical clinical presentation of myocardial infarction in infants and children: complex pathogenesis of progressive and lethal disease
Authors: Matoq Amr , Patel Gina , Tsuda Takeshi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground:Myocardial infarction is rare in children but frequently occurs unexpectedly with atypical presentation. It can cause a progressive lethal course unless prompt treatment is initiated.Methods:Paediatric cases of myocardial infarction diagnosed by the presence of ischaemic myocardial insults and symptomatic ventricular dysfunction were reviewed retrospectively.Results:Eighteen patients (5 days to 14 years of age; median 3 months) with myocardial infarction were studied. The aetiology was variable, including congenital coronary anomalies: anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (five patients), pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum with right ventricle-dependent coronary circulation (four), anomalous aortic origin of left coronary artery (three), and Williams syndrome with supravalvar aortic stenosis (one). Two acquired coronary anomalies occurred in one patient with undiagnosed Kawasaki disease with complete thrombotic obstruction of the left coronary artery and another with post-transplant cardiac allograft microangiopathy. Three patients developed thromboembolic coronary artery incidents in normal coronary anatomy. Fourteen patients were less than 1 year of age (78%). Electrocardiographic abnormalities were noted in all patients. Four patients required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for severe ventricular dysfunction, none of whom survived. Five patients underwent heart transplant. Five patients died during the same hospitalisation, and one patient died after discharge (overall mortality 33%). Transplant-free survival was 39%.Conclusion:Most myocardial infarction occurred in infants who presented with abrupt onset of non-specific clinical manifestations with progressively deteriorating haemodynamic status resulting in poor transplant-free survival rate. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent catastrophic outcomes.
Topography Response to Horizontal Slab Tearing and Oblique Continental Collision: Insights From 3D Thermomechanical Modeling
Authors: Maiti Giridas , Koptev Alexander , Baville Paul , Gerya Taras , Crosetto Silvia , Andrić‐Tomašević Nevena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe horizontal propagation of slab detachment (slab tearing) is known to control lateral migration of the mountain uplift along the collisional belt. However, along‐strike differential collision due to an oblique passive margin geometry can make the topography response more complex. In this study, we employ 3D thermomechanical modeling to distinguish between the lateral migration of the mountain topography driven by slab tearing and oblique continental collision itself. In our models, slab breakoff is triggered by the transition from oceanic to continental subduction, occurring earlier on one side of the passive margin than on the other due to the initial oblique configuration. However, once slab breakoff has begun, it spreads horizontally in the form of tearing at high velocity (∼38–118 cm yr−1), and associated topographic uplift also propagates with the same velocity. In contrast, the along‐strike migration of subsequent continental collision and related topographic uplift propagation is typically much slower (∼2–34 cm yr−1). Similarly, the vertical magnitude of surface uplift caused by slab tearing is higher (up to 10 mm yr−1) than the following collision phase (<4 mm yr−1). The parametric analysis reveals that slab tearing velocity and the associated horizontal propagation of mountain uplift depends on obliquity angle and slab age, whereas the migration of collision‐induced topographic growth is controlled by the convergence velocity and obliquity angle. Finally, we show that presence of microcontinental block detached from the passive margin leads to spatial and temporal transition from horizontal to vertical slab tearing and more intense syn‐collisional mountain building.
Inhibition and degradation of NRAS with a pan-NRAS monobody
Authors: Whaby Michael , Ketavarapu Gayatri , Koide Akiko , Mazzei Megan , Mintoo Mubashir , Glasser Eliezra , Patel Unnatiben , Nasarre Cecile , Sale Matthew J. , McCormick Frank , Koide Shohei , O’Bryan John P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe RAS family GTPases are the most frequently mutated oncogene family in human cancers. Activating mutations in either of the three RAS isoforms (HRAS, KRAS, or NRAS) are found in nearly 20% of all human tumors with NRAS mutated in ~25% of melanomas. Despite remarkable advancements in therapies targeted against mutant KRAS, NRAS-specific pharmacologics are lacking. Thus, development of inhibitors of NRAS would address a critical unmet need to treating primary tumors harboring NRAS mutations as well as BRAF-mutant melanomas, which frequently develop resistance to clinically approved BRAF inhibitors through NRAS mutation. Building upon our previous studies with the monobody NS1 that recognizes HRAS and KRAS but not NRAS, here we report the development of a monobody that specifically binds to both GDP and GTP-bound states of NRAS and inhibits NRAS-mediated signaling in a mutation-agnostic manner. Further, this monobody can be formatted into a genetically encoded NRAS-specific degrader. Our study highlights the feasibility of developing NRAS selective inhibitors for therapeutic efforts.
Blood-generating heart-forming organoids recapitulate co-development of the human haematopoietic system and the embryonic heart
Authors: Dardano Miriana , Kleemiß Felix , Kosanke Maike , Lang Dorina , Wilson Liam , Franke Annika , Teske Jana , Shivaraj Akshatha , de la Roche Jeanne , Fischer Martin , Lange Lucas , Schambach Axel , Drakhlis Lika , Zweigerdt Robert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite the biomedical importance of haematopoietic stem cells and haematopoietic progenitor cells, their in vitro stabilization in a developmental context has not been achieved due to limited knowledge of signals and markers specifying the multiple haematopoietic waves as well as ethically restricted access to the human embryo. Thus, an in vitro approach resembling aspects of haematopoietic development in the context of neighbouring tissues is of interest. Our established human pluripotent stem cell-derived heart-forming organoids (HFOs) recapitulate aspects of heart, vasculature and foregut co-development. Modulating HFO differentiation, we here report the generation of blood-generating HFOs. While maintaining a functional ventricular-like heart anlagen, blood-generating HFOs comprise a mesenchyme-embedded haemogenic endothelial layer encompassing multiple haematopoietic derivatives and haematopoietic progenitor cells with erythro-myeloid and lymphoid potential, reflecting aspects of primitive and definitive haematopoiesis. The model enables the morphologically structured co-development of cardiac, endothelial and multipotent haematopoietic tissues equivalent to the intra-embryonic haematopoietic region in vivo, promoting research on haematopoiesis in vitro.
Safety and efficacy of viltolarsen in ambulatory and nonambulatory males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Harper Amy D. , Topaloglu Haluk , Mercuri Eugenio , Suslov Vasiliy , Wu Liwen , Ayanoglu Cigdem Y. , Tansey Michael , Previtera Michelle L. , Crozier Robert A. , Magnus Leslie , Clemens Paula R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disease characterized by mutations in the dystrophin gene, causing motor and pulmonary function decline. Viltolarsen is indicated for patients with dystrophin gene mutations amenable to exon 53 skipping. Here, we report safety, motor function, and the first pulmonary function results from the open-label, phase II Galactic53 trial of viltolarsen (NCT04956289). Male participants aged ≥ 8 years with DMD received 80 mg/kg intravenous viltolarsen once weekly for 48 weeks. Results from participants receiving viltolarsen were compared with an external control cohort group-matched for multiple variables. All treatment-emergent adverse events were mild or moderate, 4 were considered treatment-related, and no participants discontinued. Participants receiving viltolarsen experienced clinically meaningful benefits in pulmonary function with higher percent predicted forced vital capacity and higher peak cough flow at Week 49 compared with the control cohort for both ambulatory and nonambulatory participants. Viltolarsen also stabilized upper limb motor function over the Treatment Period. These results support viltolarsen as an important part of the treatment armamentarium for both ambulatory as well as nonambulatory patients with DMD.
The mediating role of behavioral risk factors in the pathway between childhood disadvantage and adult psychological distress in a Finnish employee cohort
Authors: Salmela Jatta , Lallukka Tea , Mäki-Opas Tomi , Vähäsarja Luka , Salonsalmi Aino 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChildhood disadvantage is associated with increased adult psychological distress, but the role of behavioral risk factors in the pathway remains unclear. We examined whether behavioral risk factors mediate the effects of childhood disadvantage on adult psychological distress. We used the Helsinki Health Study data of employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, aged 19–39 (mean age 32.0) years at baseline (2017). We included women (n = 2397) and men (n = 586) who responded to both baseline and follow-up (2022) surveys. At baseline, eight types of childhood disadvantage were asked retrospectively, and six adult behavioral risk factors were included. Psychological distress was measured by the DASS-21 at follow-up. We conducted mediation analyses using generalized structural equation modeling. Among women, we found indirect path effects of childhood disadvantage on adult psychological distress through behavioral risk factors (symptoms of depression: β = 0.68, 95% CI 0.20–1.17; anxiety: β = 0.54, 95% CI 0.13–0.95; and stress: β = 0.69, 95% CI 0.20–1.09). Among men, childhood disadvantage contributed only directly to adult depressive (β = 0.71, 95% CI 0.16–1.26) and stress (β = 0.61, 95% CI 0.10–1.13) symptoms. Our findings suggest that behavioral risk factors can mediate some of the adverse effects of childhood disadvantage on adult psychological distress among women.
Standardisation of high throughput microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing for Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Floyd Holly E. E. , Kavanagh Angela M. , Lowe Gabrielle J. , Amado Maite , Fraser James A. , Blaskovich Mark A. T. , Elliott Alysha G. , Zuegg Johannes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27 guidelines are the recommended and most commonly used protocols for broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. However, these guidelines are limited to the use of 96-well assay plates, limiting assay capacity. With the increased risk of fungal resistance emerging in the community, it is important to have alternative protocols available, that offer higher throughput and can screen more than eight to ten potential antifungal compounds per plate. This study presents an optimised broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method for testing the susceptibility of yeasts in an efficient high throughput screening setup, with minimal growth variability and maximum reproducibility. We extend the M27 guidelines and optimise the conditions for 384-well plates. Validation of the assay was performed with ten clinically used antifungals (fluconazole, amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, posaconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, caspofungin diacetate, anidulafungin and micafungin) against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans.
Deprivation of loading during rat Achilles tendon healing affects extracellular matrix composition and structure, and reduces cell density and alignment
Authors: Hammerman Malin , Pierantoni Maria , Isaksson Hanna , Eliasson Pernilla 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTendon healing involves mechanosensitive cells that adapt to mechanical stimuli through mechanotransduction, resulting in increased tissue strength. However, detailed insights into this process in response to different loads remain limited. We aimed to investigate how different loading regimes impact the spatial composition of elastin and collagens during Achilles tendon healing. Histological analysis was conducted on healing rat Achilles tendons exposed to (1) full loading, (2) reduced loading, or (3) minimal loading. Histological analysis included Hematoxylin & Eosin and immunohistochemical staining targeting elastin, Collagen 1, Collagen 3, and CD31. Our results showed that the impact of mechanical stimuli on healing tendons varied with the degree of loading. Unexpectedly, minimal loading led to higher staining intensity for collagens and elastin. However, tendons exposed to minimal loading appeared thinner and exhibited a less organized matrix structure, with fewer, less aligned, and more rounded cells. Additionally, our findings indicated an inverse correlation between angiogenesis and load level, with more blood vessels in tendons subjected to less loading. Tissue integrity improved by 12 weeks post-injury, but the healing process continued and did not regain the structure seen in intact tendons even after 20 weeks. This study reveals a load-dependent effect on matrix alignment, cell density, and cell alignment.