bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural variability in M2+ 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetate moderate proton conductors
Authors: Colodrero Rosario M. P. , Salcedo Inés R. , Bazaga-García Montse , Milla-Pérez Diego F. , Durán-Martín Jonatan D. , Losilla Enrique R. , Moreno-Real Laureano , Rius Jordi , Aranda Miguel A. G. , Demadis Konstantinos D. , Olivera-Pastor Pascual , Cabeza Aurelio 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The structural variability of two series of Mg2+- and Zn2+- 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetates have been studied in the range of 25–80°C and 95% relative humidity in order to correlate the structure with the proton conductivity properties. In addition to selected previously reported 1D, 2D and 3D materials, a new compound, KZn6(OOCCH(OH)PO3)4(OH)·5H2O (KZn6-HPAA-3D), has been prepared and thoroughly characterized. The crystal structure of this solid, solved ab initio from synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, consists of a negatively charged 3D framework with K+ ions, as compensating counterions. It also contains water molecules filling the cavities in contrast to the potassium-free 3D anhydrous NH4Zn(OOCCH(OH)PO3) (NH4Zn-HPAA-3D). In the range of temperature studied, the 1D materials exhibit a 1D→2D solid-state transition. At 80°C and 95% RH, the 2D solids show moderate proton conductivities, between 2.1×10−5 S·cm−1 and 6.7×10−5 S·cm−1. The proton conductivity is slightly increased by ammonia adsorption up to 2.6×10−4 S·cm−1, although no ammonia intercalation was observed. As synthesized KZn6-HPAA-3D exhibits a low proton conductivity, 1.6×10−6 S·cm−1, attributed to the basic character of the framework and a low mobility of water molecules. However, this solid transforms to the 2D phase, Zn(OOCCH(OH)PO3H)·2H2O, upon exposure to dry HCl(g), which enhances the proton conductivity with respect to the as-synthesized 2D material (4.5×10−4 S·cm−1). On the other hand, NH4Zn-HPAA-3D exhibited a higher proton conductivity, 1.4×10−4 S·cm−1, than the K+ analog.
Morphology of the peritoneal cavity and pathophysiological consequences
Authors: Solass Wiebke , Struller Florian , Horvath Philipp , Königsrainer Alfred , Sipos Bence , Weinreich Frank-Jürgen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe peritoneal cavity (cavum peritonei) is incompletely divided into spaces and recessus (or fossae), which are playing an important role in health and disease. Peritoneal subspaces are determined by the parietal attachments of the abdominal organs, the ligaments and mesenteries. These include the splenorenal, the falciform, the triangular, the gastrosplenic, the phrenicocolic and the gastrocolic ligaments; the greater omentum and the lesser omentum (formed by the gastrohepatic and hepatoduodenal ligaments); the small bowel mesenterium and the mesocolon. These ligaments and mesenteries divide the peritoneal cavity into several distinct anatomic and functional regions. The supramesocolic compartment is divided into a bilateral subphrenic space and a subhepatic space continuing into the lesser sac (bursa omentalis). The inframesolic compartment is divided into a left and right region by the mesentery. The right paracolic gutter communicates with the pelvis and with the right suphrenic space. The left paracolic gutter is separated from the left subphrenic space by the phrenocolic ligament. The peritoneal space is virtual, is completely occupied by the intraabdominal organs and can only be visualized by radiological means in the presence of air (organ perforation), liquid (ascites, pus, bile, gastrointestinal fluids) or tumor invasion. Peritoneal morphology has numerous pathophysiological implications: it impacts on the propagation of intraabdominal infections, determines the spreading of peritoneal metastasis and can cause bowel volvulus. Internal hernias can arise at the junction between intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal bowel segments, in particular into the left paraduodenal recessus. Knowledge of peritoneal morphology is a precondition for developing locoregional therapeutic strategies in peritoneal disease and for effective peritoneal dialysis.
Codierte Sendesignale für die Ultraschallprüfung von Betonbauteilen
Authors: Feller Viktor , Mielentz Frank , Klewe Tim , Orglmeister Reinhold 
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung
Es wurden Untersuchungen hinsichtlich der Eignung und der praktischen Relevanz von codierten Sendesignalen als
Anregungsimpulse für die Ultraschallprüfung von Betonbauteilen durchgeführt. Anhand von synthetischen Daten werden die
theoretischen Vorteile der codierten Impulssequenzen gezeigt. Im Anschluss werden Barker- und Golay-codierte Sendesignale
an einer Betonstufenplatte mit einem Größtkorn von 16 mm getestet.
Es zeigt sich das große Potenzial dieses Verfahrens, insbesondere bei Verwendung von Golay-Sequenzen als Anregung für die
Ultraschallprüfköpfe. Es ergibt sich ein deutlich verbessertes Signal-Stör-Verhältnis im Vergleich zu den herkömmlichen
bipolaren Rechteckimpulsen.
An alternative to the geometric addition method for calculating the
rise time of fast oscilloscopes and pulse generators
Authors: Baaske Kai , Hale Paul D. , Kleine-Ostmann Thomas , Bieler Mark , Schrader Thorsten 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new method for calculating
the rise time of pulse generators and oscilloscopes using a correction
factor. This new method is advantageous over the well
known geometric rule, also known as the
root-sum-of-squares
(RSS) rule, because its corresponding uncertainty
contribution can be estimated, whereas the uncertainty
assigned to the RSS method due to systematic error is typically unknown in
any given measurement scenario. In our
method, the correction factor is estimated from a large
set of representative classical response functions.
Furthermore, the systematic error caused by the time
base distortion of sampling oscilloscopes is corrected in order to reduce
the uncertainty of the calibration process.
Differenzielles kapazitives
Mehrachs-Abstandsmesssystem für Umgebungen mit
elektromagnetischen Störungen
Authors: Schleicher André , Werner Ralf 
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird
ein kapazitives Abstandsmesssystem mit neuartiger Auswerteelektronik
beschrieben, welches nach dem Prinzip der
Amplitudenmodulation arbeitet und mehrfach differenziell ausgewertet
wird. Durch die Verwendung differenzieller Sensoren wird
der Einfluss der Kapazität vom Messobjekt zum Bezugspotential kompensiert
und im Vergleich zu üblichen kapazitiven Messsystemen eine deutliche
Erhöhung der Störsicherheit gegenüber Potentialänderungen
des Messobjekts erreicht. Die Auswerteelektronik ist
für besonders hohe Trägerfrequenzen konzipiert,
wodurch der Einfluss elektromagnetischer Störungen bis in den
einstelligen MHz-Bereich reduziert
wird. Durch Synchronisation können beliebig viele
Einzelmesssysteme zu einem störsicheren Mehrachsmesssystem kombiniert
werden, welches vor allem den hohen Anforderungen in der
aktiven Magnetlagertechnik gerecht wird.
Formiside and seco-formiside: lignin glycosides from leaves of Clerodendrum formicarum Gürke (Lamiaceae) from Cameroon
Authors: Ahmed Zeeshan , Shaiq Ali Muhammad , Adhikari Achyut , Imran Ali Muhammad , Ngoupayo Joseph , Malik Imran 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The ethanol soluble part of the leaves of Clerodendrum formicarum, a Lameacious plant of Cameroon, afforded two new lignin glycosides named formiside and seco-formiside. Structures of both the isolated constituents have been elucidated with the aid of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques.
Enhancing the Force-Velocity Profile of Athletes Using Weightlifting Derivatives
Authors: Suchomel Timothy J. , Comfort Paul , Lake Jason P. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
WEIGHTLIFTING MOVEMENTS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES MAY BE IMPLEMENTED IN A SEQUENCED PROGRESSION THROUGHOUT THE TRAINING YEAR TO OPTIMIZE THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ATHLETE'S STRENGTH, RATE OF FORCE DEVELOPMENT, AND POWER OUTPUT. WEIGHTLIFTING MOVEMENTS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES CAN BE PROGRAMMED EFFECTIVELY BY CONSIDERING THEIR FORCE–VELOCITY CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL UNDERPINNINGS TO MEET THE SPECIFIC TRAINING GOALS OF RESISTANCE TRAINING PHASES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TYPICAL APPLICATION OF PERIODIZED TRAINING PROGRAMS.
Calpain-Mediated Proteolysis of Talin and FAK Regulates Adhesion Dynamics Necessary for Axon Guidance
Authors: Kerstein Patrick C. , Patel Kevin M. , Gomez Timothy M. 
Published: January 2017

Guidance of axons to their proper synaptic target sites requires spatially and temporally precise modulation of biochemical signals within growth cones. Ionic calcium (Ca2+) is an essential signal for axon guidance that mediates opposing effects on growth cone motility. The diverse effects of Ca2+arise from the precise localization of Ca2+signals into microdomains containing specific Ca2+effectors. For example, differences in the mechanical and chemical composition of the underlying substrata elicit local Ca2+signals within growth cone filopodia that regulate axon guidance through activation of the protease calpain. However, how calpain regulates growth cone motility remains unclear. Here, we identify the adhesion proteins talin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) as proteolytic targets of calpain inXenopus laevisspinal cord neurons bothin vivoandin vitro. Inhibition of calpain increases the localization of endogenous adhesion signaling to growth cone filopodia. Using live cell microscopy and specific calpain-resistant point-mutants of talin (L432G) and FAK (V744G), we find that calpain inhibits paxillin-based adhesion assembly through cleavage of talin and FAK, and adhesion disassembly through cleavage of FAK. Blocking calpain cleavage of talin and FAK inhibits repulsive turning from focal uncaging of Ca2+within filopodia. In addition, blocking calpain cleavage of talin and FAKin vivopromotes Rohon–Beard peripheral axon extension into the skin. These data demonstrate that filopodial Ca2+signals regulate axon outgrowth and guidance through calpain regulation of adhesion dynamics through specific cleavage of talin and FAK.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe proper formation of neuronal networks requires accurate guidance of axons and dendrites during development by motile structures known as growth cones. Understanding the intracellular signaling mechanisms that govern growth cone motility will clarify how the nervous system develops and regenerates, and may identify areas of therapeutic intervention in disease or injury. One important signal that controls growth cones is that of local Ca2+transients, which control the rate and direction of axon outgrowth. We demonstrate here that Ca2+-dependent inhibition axon outgrowth and guidance is mediated by calpain proteolysis of the adhesion proteins talin and focal adhesion kinase. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into Ca2+/calpain regulation of growth cone motility and axon guidance during neuronal development.
Posterior α EEG Dynamics Dissociate Current from Future Goals in Working Memory-Guided Visual Search
Authors: de Vries Ingmar E.J. , van Driel Joram , Olivers Christian N.L. 
Published: January 2017

Current models of visual search assume that search is guided by an active visual working memory representation of what we are currently looking for. This attentional template for currently relevant stimuli can be dissociated from accessory memory representations that are only needed prospectively, for a future task, and that should be prevented from guiding current attention. However, it remains unclear what electrophysiological mechanisms dissociate currently relevant (serving upcoming selection) from prospectively relevant memories (serving future selection). We measured EEG of 20 human subjects while they performed two consecutive visual search tasks. Before the search tasks, a cue instructed observers which item to look for first (current template) and which second (prospective template). During the delay leading up to the first search display, we found clear suppression of α band (8–14 Hz) activity in regions contralateral to remembered items, comprising both local power and interregional phase synchronization within a posterior parietal network. Importantly, these lateralization effects were stronger when the memory item was currently relevant (i.e., for the first search) compared with when it was prospectively relevant (i.e., for the second search), consistent with current templates being prioritized over future templates. In contrast, event-related potential analysis revealed that the contralateral delay activity was similar for all conditions, suggesting no difference in storage. Together, these findings support the idea that posterior α oscillations represent a state of increased processing or excitability in task-relevant cortical regions, and reflect enhanced cortical prioritization of memory representations that serve as a current selection filter.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur days are filled with looking for relevant objects while ignoring irrelevant visual information. Such visual search activity is thought to be driven by current goals activated in working memory. However, working memory not only serves current goals, but also future goals, with differential impact upon visual selection. Little is known about how the brain differentiates between current and future goals. Here we show, for the first time, that modulations of brain oscillations in the EEG α frequency band in posterior cortex can dissociate current from future search goals in working memory. Moreover, the dynamics of these oscillations uncover how we flexibly switch focus between memory representations. Together, we reveal how the brain assigns priority for selection.
Parafrasear: Por quê? Para quê?
Authors: Flôres Onici Claro 
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo enfoca a paráfrase enquanto um processo linguístico-cognitivo, fundamentando-se em estudos neurocientíficos (DEHAENE, 2012; IZQUIERDO, 2011; van DIJK, 2010 etc.). Seu objetivo é, através de uma retrospectiva dos estudos já realizados a respeito do tema, como os de Fuchs (1982, 1985) e de outros autores, situar a presente abordagem, destacando a importância da repetição e da paráfrase para a construção do conhecimento. Por fim, sugere que a paráfrase seja reconhecida e valorizada tanto para testar a compreensão leitora quanto para estimular a produção escrita, entre acadêmicos e estudantes dos demais níveis de ensino.
De um lado a outro do eu ao infinito que habita em nós: Uma experiência mística judaica em Clarice Lispector
Authors: Ketzer Estevan De Negreiros 
Published: January 2017

O presente ensaio apresenta uma discussão sobre a Kabbalah a partir de uma análise da obra A Paixão Segundo G.H., de Clarice Lispector. O pensamento de Gershom Scholem e suas interpretações a partir de Isaac Luria são chaves de leitura que buscam discutir a experiência secreta humana, proporcionando a sensação do mistério consagrado tanto às letras quanto ao misticismo. Essa interpretação está presente no pensamento judaico, desde a antiguidade até a sensação de vazio interno causado pelo afastamento do ser humano com o Criador. Mostraremos como o texto de Clarice Lispector se aproxima dessa experiência mística de descoberta e entrega.
O kotel como palimpsesto, o verbo e a fé na narrativa em “Milagre secreto”
Authors: Silva Aline Coelho da 
Published: January 2017

Trataremos de dois temas inesgotáveis por essência, a Kabbalah e a obra de Jorge Luis Borges. Dois caminhos, um derivado de outro, cuja fortuna crítica é abrangente ao extremo. Optaremos por uma perspectiva da teoria da narrativa em Borges, nesse sentido, visitaremos brevemente o conceito do que seja a Kabbalah principalmente para o escritor argentino, revelado singular em textos ensaísticos e ficcionais e em sua relação com G. Scholem, que levou o tema da Sabedoria Sagrada à academia, e com seus demais críticos. Em um segundo momento, tentaremos demonstrar como a fé se articula na revelação do fantástico em Milagre secreto, conto do livro Ficções, de 1944.
O Princípio
Authors: Laitman Michael , Frantz Tatiana Barbiero 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo é a tradução do primeiro capítulo do livro inédito, The Path of Kabbalah, de autoria do Dr. Michael Laitman e ainda sem tradução para o português. Esta breve introdução aborda conceitos básicos da Cabalá, visando tanto o público geral como aqueles que já estudam, ou conhecem, a Sabedoria Secreta (Chochmá Nistará). Com base nos ensinamentos do grande cabalista do século XX, Baal HaSulam, Dr. Laitman explica a estrutura dos Mundos Espirituais, as Dez Sefirot, a Força Superior, a descida da Luz, como ela opera no Nosso Mundo (nosso self) e de que forma podemos sentir suas manifestações, ou seja, o Criador. Além disso, é também abordado quais requisitos necessários àqueles que desejam alcançar os Mundos Superiores.
“Os círculos de abuláfia”: mística judaica e contracultura
Authors: Mateus Andrea Martins Lameirão 
Published: January 2017

Como parte da geração que foi chamada de “os cabalistas da contracultura”, Jerome Rothenberg contempla em sua poesia diferentes aspectos da tradição mística judaica da cabala. O foco deste trabalho é um exemplo, entre tantos, dessa tendência: o poema “Os Círculos de Abuláfia”. Publicado em 1979 e republicado em 1980, este poema longo nos traz três personagens judeus históricos: Abraão Abuláfia, Jacob Frank e Tristan Tzara. Tomados como personagens em uma aventura mística, a estrutura cíclica do poema nos apresenta a visão vertiginosa do amálgama feito por Rothenberg entre sagrado e profano e seu papel de ambos em sua poesia.
OCCUPATIONAL SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR AND SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE NON-EXERCISE ACTIVITY THERMOGENESIS
Authors: Scott Haley M. , Tyton Tess N. , Horswill Craig A. 
Published: January 2017

As the prevalence of obesity rises worldwide, researchers pursue explanations for the phenomenon, particularly those relevant to energy expenditure. Non-exercise activity thermogenesis, or NEAT, has been identified as an inconspicuous but appreciable component of total daily energy expenditure. Demands of certain occupations discourage time for planned physical activity and clearly diminish NEAT, and thereby contribute to sedentary behaviors that underlie increased adiposity. Prolonged sitting during the workday has specifically been identified as a risk factor for obesity and chronic disease independent of existing risk factors. Practical strategies have been launched by industry to increase NEAT during the workday. Workstations that involve maintaining balance while sitting on an exercise ball, standing, pedaling while sitting, and walking at a treadmill desk have been developed to counter extended periods of sedentary behavior at work. While data are limited particularly for chronic benefits, the stations that promote the most movement – the pedaling and walking stations – increase METS and energy expenditure more so than the other alternatives. The drawback to greater motion may be reduced attention to the desk job and therefore, reduced cognitive function; however, the data are inconsistent and the benefit for health may outweigh small distractions for some tasks at the desk.
Progress in the Preparation of Aluminum Nitride Substrates from Bulk Crystals
Authors: Rojo J.C. , Schowalter L.J. , Slack Glen , Morgan K. , Barani J. , Schujman S. , Biswas S. , Raghothamachar B. , Dudley M. , Shur M. , Gaska R. , Johnson N.M. , Kneissl M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLarge (11-mm diameter) single-crystal AlN boules have been prepared using sublimationrecondensation growth. X-ray topography shows that substrates prepared from those boules have a dislocation density of less than 500 cm-2, while the central region of these substrates was nearly dislocation-free. Rocking curves of less than 10 arcsecs have been obtained indicating the high quality of these crystals. The AlN substrates have been used to growth an AlGaN/AlN multiquantum well structure with excellent crystalline quality and with photoluminescence peaked at around 260nm. In addition, a UV LED with emission wavelength at 360nm has been fabricated. This is the first operating opto-electronic device demonstrated on an AlN substrate.
UV Emission Mechanisms in Quaternary AlInGaN Epilayers and Multiple Quantum Wells
Authors: Ryu Mee-Yi , Chen C. Q. , Kuokstis E. , Yang J. W. , Simin G. , Khan M. Asif , Sim G. G. , Yu P. W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present the results on investigation and analysis of photoluminescence (PL) dynamics of quaternary AlInGaN epilayers and AlInGaN/AlInGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown by a novel pulsed metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (PMOCVD). The emission peaks in both AlInGaN epilayers and MQWs show a blueshift with increasing excitation power density. The PL emission of quaternary samples is attributed to recombination of carriers/excitons localized at band-tail states. The PL decay time increases with decreasing emission photon energy, which is a characteristic of localized carrier/exciton recombination due to alloy disorder. The obtained properties of AlInGaN materials grown by a PMOCVD are similar to those of InGaN. This indicates that the AlInGaN system is promising for ultraviolet applications such as the InGaN system for blue light emitting diode and laser diode applications.
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of quaternary AlInGaN multiple quantum well structures for deep ultraviolet emitters
Authors: Yang J. W. , Chen C. Q. , Zhang J. P. , Fareed Q. , Wang H. M. , Ryu M. -Y. , Kuokstis E. , Simin G. , Khan M. A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe report on the growth of quaternary AlInGaN layers and MQWs by two different metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) techniques such as pulsed atomic layer epitaxy (PALE) and pulsed MOCVD (PMOCVD). For both growth processes, emission wavelength of quaternary MQWs can be tuned from 350 nm to 300 nm by simply changing the unit growth cell configurations. The PALE grown AlInGaN MQWs have a very smooth surface, few band tail states and exhibit a band-to-band emission. The PMOCVD grown AlInGaN MQWs exhibit a high density of band tail states, which strongly enhance spontaneous emission. Based on the characterization by photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction and AFM, both MOCVD techniques grown quaternary samples are shown to be promising for fabricating the active region of deep UV LEDs.
Biometric system based on one single large area a-SiC:H p-i-n photodiode
Authors: Vieira M. , Fernandes M. , Fantoni A. , Louro P. , Schwarz R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBased on the Laser Scanned Photodiode (LSP) image sensor we present an optical fingerprint reader for biometric authentication. The device configuration and the scanning system are optimized for this specific purpose.The scanning technique for fingerprint acquisition is improved and the effects of the probe beam size, wavelength and flux, the scan time and modulation frequency on image contrast and resolution will be analyzed under different electrical bias. An optical model of the image acquisition process is presented and supported by a two dimensional simulation.Results show that a trade-off between read-out parameters (fingerprint scanner) and the biometric sensing element structure (p-i-n structure) are needed to minimize the cross talk between the fingerprint ridges and the fingerprint valleys. In the heterostructures with wide band gap/low conductivity doped layers the user-specific information is detected with a good contrast while the resolution of the sensor is around 20 νm. A further increase in the contrast is achieved by slightly reverse biasing the sensor with a sensitivity of 6.5 νWcm-2 and a flux range of two orders of magnitude.