bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal association of obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes with risk of elevated aminotransferase levels in a cohort of Mexican health workers
Authors: Flores Yvonne N. , Auslander Allyn , Crespi Catherine M. , Rodriguez Michael , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Durazo Francisco , Salmerón Jorge 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveIn Mexico, chronic liver disease have been increasingly found along with the rapidly growing prevalence of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MS). We aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between these three factors and risk of elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (>40 U/L), a marker for liver damage, in a cohort of Mexican adults.MethodsData were obtained from two separate waves of the Mexican Health Worker Cohort Study: Wave 1 (2004–2006) and Wave 2 (2011–2013). Unconditional logistic regression models were employed to determine the cross‐sectional and longitudinal association between these risk factors and elevated ALT levels.ResultsThe prevalence of elevated ALT was significantly higher among men, individuals aged under 60 years, those who were overweight or obese, diabetic, with MS or heavy/binge drinkers. The longitudinal results indicated that weight gain between waves that resulted in a change in body mass index, along with remaining overweight or obese, were significantly associated with an increased risk of elevated ALT levels. A significantly increased risk of developing elevated ALT was also observed among those who acquired diabetes or MS from Wave 1 to Wave 2.ConclusionsWeight gain and acquiring diabetes or MS are associated with a significant risk of having elevated ALT. These results, within the context of the rapid increase in global obesity rates, call urgently for programs to help to prevent chronic liver disease.
Testing the potential ofDNAbarcoding in vertebrate radiations: the case of the littoral cichlids (Pisces, Perciformes, Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika
Authors: Breman Floris C. , Loix Sara , Jordaens Kurt , Snoeks Jos , Van Steenberge Maarten 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe obtained 398 cytochromecoxidase subunit I barcodes of 96 morphospecies of Lake Tanganyika (LT) cichlids from the littoral zone. The potential ofDNAbarcoding in these fishes was tested using both species identification and species delineation methods. The best match (BM) and best close match (BCM) methods were used to evaluate the overall identification success. For this, three libraries were analysed in which the specimens were categorized into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) in three alternative ways: (A) morphologically distinct, including undescribed, species, (B) valid species and (C) complexes of morphologically similar or closely related species. For libraries A, B and C, 73, 73 and 96% (BM) and 72, 70 and 94% (BCM) of the specimens were correctly identified. Additionally, the potential of two species delineation methods was tested. The General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) analysis suggested 70 hypothetical species, while the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) method revealed 115 putative species. Although theABGDmethod had a tendency to oversplit, it outperformed theGMYCanalysis in retrieving the species. In most cases whereABGDsuggested oversplitting, this was due to intraspecific geographical variation. The failure of theGMYCmethod to retrieve many species could be attributed to discrepancies between mitochondrial gene trees and the evolutionary histories ofLTcichlid species. LittoralLTcichlids have complex evolutionary histories that include instances of hybridization, introgression and rapid speciation. Nevertheless, although the utility ofDNAbarcoding in identification is restricted to the level of complexes, it has potential for species discovery in cichlid radiations.
Transcriptional analysis of sulfate reducing and chemolithoautotrophic sulfur oxidizing bacteria in the deep subseafloor
Authors: Orsi William D. , Barker Jørgensen Bo , Biddle Jennifer F. 
Published: March 2016

SummarySulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) oxidize a significant proportion of subseafloor organic carbon, but their metabolic activities and subsistence mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we report in depth phylogenetic and metabolic analyses of SRB transcripts in the Peru Margin subseafloor and interpret these results in the context of sulfate reduction activity in the sediment. Relative abundance of overall SRB gene transcripts declines strongly whereas relative abundance of ribosomal protein transcripts from sulfate reducing δ‐Proteobacteria peak at 90 m below seafloor (mbsf) within a deep sulfate methane transition zone. This coincides with isotopically heavy δ34S values of pore water sulfate (70‰), indicating active subseafloor microbial sulfate reduction. Within the shallow sulfate reduction zone (0–5 mbsf), a transcript encoding the beta subunit of dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsrB) was related to Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans and environmental sequences from Aarhus Bay (Denmark). At 159 mbsf we discovered a transcript encoding the reversely operating dissimilatory sulfite reductase α‐subunit (rdsrA), with basal phylogenetic relation to the chemolithoautotrophic SUP05 Group II clade. A diversity of SRB transcripts involved in cellular maintenance point toward potential subsistence mechanisms under low‐energy over long time periods, and provide a detailed new picture of SRB activities underlying sulfur cycling in the deep subseafloor.
Dying Care Nursing Intervention in the Institutional Care of End‐of‐Life Patients
Authors: Kisvetrová Helena , Joanovič Eva , Vévoda Jiří , Školoudík David 
Published: March 2016

PURPOSETo determine the frequency of the Nursing Intervention Classification Dying Care activities performed by nurses with end‐of‐life (EOL) patients.METHODSA cross‐sectional, descriptive study using a structured questionnaire to determine the frequencies of Dying Care activities performed by 201 Czech nurses.FINDINGSNurses reported more frequent use of activities focused on the physical comfort of EOL patients. Significant relationships were found between frequencies in some activities and the nurses’ education level, length of work experience, and the department type.CONCLUSIONSNurses reported infrequent use of communication activities with patients and relatives, which is related to the length of practice.CLINICAL RELEVANCEIt is necessary to focus on communication and psychosocial needs of EOL patients in both pregradual and lifelong nursing education.CÍLZjistit frekvenci aktivit NIC intervence Péče o umírající mezi českými sestry u pacientů v závěru života.METODYPrůřezová deskriptivní studie využívající strukturovaného dotazníku pro určení frekvence aktivit Péče o umírající prováděné 201 sestrou.VÝSLEDKYSestry u pacientů v závěru života častější využívají aktivity zaměřené na fyzický komfort. Významné vztahy byly nalezeny mezi frekvencí některých aktivit a úrovní vzdělání sester, délkou praxe a typem pracoviště.ZÁVĚRYSestry uváděly nepříliš časté používání komunikačních aktivit s pacienty a příbuznými, což souvisí s délkou jejich praxe.KLINICKÁ RELEVANCEJe třeba se zaměřit na komunikaci a psychosociální potřeby pacientů v závěru života jak v pregraduálním tak celoživotním vzdělávání sester.
Nursing Diagnosis Based on Signs and Symptoms of Patients With Heart Disease
Authors: da Costa Cíntia , da Costa Linch Graciele Fernanda , Nogueira de Souza Emiliane 
Published: March 2016

PURPOSEThe aim was to identify the main signs and symptoms of cardiac patients hospitalized in a unit of intensive cardiology care in order to infer the main nursing diagnoses (NDs).METHODSWe performed a cross‐sectional study; the sample consisted of 77 randomly selected records. Those records included only patients hospitalized for cardiovascular causes and with electronic chart available.FINDINGSSigns and symptoms identified at admission were psychic (40.3%), compressive dressing on arterial puncture site (33.8%), chest pain (29.9%), tachycardia (22.1%), and hemodynamic instability (20.8%).CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONSAccording to the data collected, we were able to infer that acute pain, excess of fluid volume, decreased cardiac output, spontaneous ventilation impaired, anxiety and impaired skin integrity are priority for the NDs in the studied population.OBJETIVOidentificar os principais sinais e sintomas de pacientes cardíacos internados em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos de cardiologia, visando inferir os diagnósticos de enfermagem prioritários.MÉTODOEstudo transversal; a amostra foi composta por 77 registros selecionados aleatoriamente. Incluíram‐se apenas pacientes internados por causa cardiovascular e com registro eletrônico disponível.RESULTADOSOs sinais e sintomas identificados na admissão foram psíquicos (40,3%), curativo compressivo em sítio de punção arterial (33,8%), dor torácica (29,9%), taquicardia (22,1%) e instabilidade hemodinâmica (20,8%).CONCLUSÕES E IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICADe acordo com os dados levantados foram inferidos Dor Aguda, Volume de Líquidos Excessivo, Débito Cardíaco Diminuído, Ventilação Espontânea Prejudicada, Ansiedade e Integridade da Pele Prejudicada como diagnósticos de enfermagem prioritários para a população estudada.
Joint Analysis of Multiple Traits in Rare Variant Association Studies
Authors: Wang Zhenchuan , Wang Xuexia , Sha Qiuying , Zhang Shuanglin 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe joint analysis of multiple traits has recently become popular since it can increase statistical power to detect genetic variants and there is increasing evidence showing that pleiotropy is a widespread phenomenon in complex diseases. Currently, the majority of existing methods for the joint analysis of multiple traits test association between one common variant and multiple traits. However, the variant‐by‐variant methods for common variant association studies may not be optimal for rare variant association studies due to the allelic heterogeneity as well as the extreme rarity of individual variants. Current statistical methods for rare variant association studies are for one single trait only. In this paper, we propose an adaptive weighting reverse regression (AWRR) method to test association between multiple traits and rare variants in a genomic region. AWRR is robust to the directions of effects of causal variants and is also robust to the directions of association of traits. Using extensive simulation studies, we compare the performance of AWRR with canonical correlation analysis (CCA), Single‐TOW, and the weighted sum reverse regression (WSRR). Our results show that, in all of the simulation scenarios, AWRR is consistently more powerful than CCA. In most scenarios, AWRR is more powerful than Single‐TOW and WSRR.
Association of Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Polymorphisms with Chronic Hepatitis C Outcome
Authors: Sousa Vanessa C.S.D. , Carmo Rodrigo F. , Vasconcelos Luydson R.S. , Aroucha Dayse C.B.L. , Pereira Leila M.M.B. , Moura Patrícia , Cavalcanti Maria S.M. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe hepatic damage caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with the host immune response and viral regulatory factors. Catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) are antioxidant enzymes located in the peroxisomes and mitochondria, respectively, and are responsible for the control of intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels. Polymorphisms in CAT (C‐262T) and GPX1 (Pro198Leu) are correlated with serum levels and enzyme activity. This study aimed to investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms of CAT C‐262T (rs1001179) and GPX1 Pro198Leu (rs1050450) with different stages of liver fibrosis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study included 445 patients with chronic hepatitis C, of whom 139 patients had mild fibrosis (F0‐F1), 200 had moderate/severe fibrosis (F2‐F4), and 106 had HCC. Genotyping of SNPs was performed by real‐time PCR using TaqMan probes. The Pro/Pro genotype of GPX1 was significantly associated with fibrosis severity, HCC, Child Pugh score, and BCLC staging. Additionally, patients carrying both CT+TT genotypes in the CAT gene and the Pro/Pro genotype in the GPX1 gene had higher risk for developing moderate/severe fibrosis or HCC (p = 0.009, OR 2.40 and p = 0.002, OR 3.56, respectively). CAT and GPX1 polymorphisms may be implicated in the severity of liver fibrosis and HCC caused by HCV.
In vitrotests for drug hypersensitivity reactions: anENDA/EAACIDrug Allergy Interest Group position paper
Authors: Mayorga C. , Celik G. , Rouzaire P. , Whitaker P. , Bonadonna P. , Rodrigues‐Cernadas J. , Vultaggio A. , Brockow K. , Caubet J. C. , Makowska J. , Nakonechna A. , Romano A. , Montañez M. I. , Laguna J. J. , Zanoni G. , Gueant J. L. , Oude Elberink H. , Fernandez J. , Viel S. , Demoly P. , Torres M. J. ,   In vitro tests for Drug Allergy Task Force of EAACI Drug Interest Group
Published: March 2016

AbstractDrug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are a matter of great concern, both for outpatient and in hospital care. The evaluation of these patients is complex, becausein vivotests have a suboptimal sensitivity and can be time‐consuming, expensive and potentially risky, especially drug provocation tests. There are several currently availablein vitromethods that can be classified into two main groups: those that help to characterize the active phase of the reaction and those that help to identify the culprit drug. The utility of thesein vitromethods depends on the mechanisms involved, meaning that they cannot be used for the evaluation of all types ofDHRs. Moreover, their effectiveness has not been defined by a consensus agreement between experts in the field. Thus, the European Network on Drug Allergy and Drug Allergy Interest Group of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology has organized a task force to provide data and recommendations regarding the availablein vitromethods forDHRdiagnosis. We have found that although there are manyin vitrotests, few of them can be given a recommendation of grade B or above mainly because there is a lack of well‐controlled studies, most information comes from small studies with few subjects and results are not always confirmed in later studies. Therefore, it is necessary to validate the currently availablein vitrotests in a large series of well‐characterized patients withDHRand to develop new tests for diagnosis.
The lipid interaction capacity of Sin a 2 and Ara h 1, major mustard and peanut allergens of the cupin superfamily, endorses allergenicity
Authors: Angelina A. , Sirvent S. , Palladino C. , Vereda A. , Cuesta‐Herranz J. , Eiwegger T. , Rodríguez R. , Breiteneder H. , Villalba M. , Palomares O. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundSin a 2 (11S globulin) and Ara h 1 (7S globulin) are major allergens from yellow mustard seeds and peanut, respectively. The ability of these two allergens to interact with lipid components remains unknown.ObjectiveTo study the capacity of Sin a 2 and Ara h 1 to interact with lipid components and the potential effects of such interaction in their allergenic capacity.MethodsSpectroscopic and SDS‐PAGE binding assays of Sin a 2 and Ara h 1 with different phospholipid vesicles and gastrointestinal and endolysosomal digestions in the presence or absence of lipids were performed. The capacity of human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (hmoDCs) to capture food allergens in the presence or absence of lipids, the induced cytokine signature, and the effect of allergens and lipids to regulate TLR2‐L‐induced NF‐kB/AP‐1 activation in THP1 cells were analyzed.ResultsSin a 2 and Ara h 1 bind phosphatidylglycerol (PG) acid but not phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles in a pH‐dependent manner. The interaction of these two allergens with lipid components confers resistance to gastrointestinal digestion, reduces their uptake by hmoDCs, and enhances their stability to microsomal degradation. Mustard and peanut lipids favor a proinflammatory environment by increasing the IL‐4/IL‐10 ratio and IL‐1β production by hmoDCs. The presence of mustard lipids and PG vesicles inhibits TLR2‐L‐induced NF‐kB/AP‐1 activation in THP1 cells.ConclusionSin a 2 and Ara h 1 interact with lipid components, which might well contribute to explain the potent allergenic capacity of these two clinically relevant allergens belonging to the cupin superfamily.
Participation in a clinical trial for a child with cancer is burdensome for a minority of children
Authors: van der Geest Ivana M.M. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Zwaan C. Michel , Pieters Rob , Passchier Jan , Darlington Anne‐Sophie E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimThis study explored how parents who had lost a child to cancer felt about them taking part in a clinical trial.MethodsA retrospective questionnaire was sent to parents who had lost a child to cancer. They were asked whether their child took part in a clinical trial during their palliative phase, their motives for their child's participation, how they perceived their child's burden and whether they would, hypothetically speaking, enrol again.ResultsThe 24 parents of 16 deceased children who had participated in a clinical trial explained their motives for their child's participation. The most common answers, with multiple responses, were treatment for future patients (n = 16), hope for a cure (n = 9) and prolonging their child's life (n = 6). Eight parents said that participating was not burdensome for their child and four said it was very burdensome, with others answering in between. None of the parents would decline participation if they would be in the same situation again.ConclusionPerforming clinical trials, even in a vulnerable population, such as children with cancer at the end of life, may not always lead to increased burden. None of the parents would in future, given the same circumstances, decline participation in a clinical trial.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of infliximab and adalimumab in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Singh S. , Heien H. C. , Sangaralingham L. R. , Schilz S. R. , Kappelman M. D. , Shah N. D. , Loftus E. V. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundReal‐world comparative benefits and risks of infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are unclear.AimTo evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of IFX and ADA in patients with UC who were new users of anti‐TNF agents.MethodsUsing an administrative claims database (Optum Labs Data Warehouse), we identified patients who received first anti‐TNF (IFX, ADA) prescription after a 12‐month period without any anti‐TNF treatment (baseline), and with a minimum 6‐month follow‐up after anti‐TNF initiation. Primary outcome measures were: all‐cause and UC‐related hospitalisation, abdominal surgery, corticosteroid use >60 days after starting anti‐TNF, and serious infections. We performed 2:1 propensity‐score matched Cox proportional hazard analysis, and inverse probability‐of‐treatment weight (IPTW) analysis, accounting for healthcare utilisation, comorbidities and use of UC‐related medication.ResultsWe included 1400 new users of anti‐TNF agents (age, 43 ± 15 years; 52% males), from 2006 to 2014. On propensity‐score matched analysis, there was no significant difference in the risk of UC‐related hospitalisation [IFX vs. ADA; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–1.51], corticosteroid use (aHR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.68–1.06) and serious infections (aHR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.29–1.34) between IFX‐ and ADA‐treated patients; the number of surgical events was very small. On IPTW analysis, risk of corticosteroid use was significantly lower in IFX – as compared to ADA – treated patients (aHR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68–0.99). Results were stable on multiple sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsIn a large retrospective cohort of patients with UC who were new users of anti‐TNF agents, IFX‐treated patients may have lower corticosteroid use than ADA‐treated patients, but risk of hospitalisation and serious infections were comparable.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 for diarrhoeal diseases in children
Authors: Urbańska M. , Gieruszczak‐Białek D. , Szajewska H. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundNot all probiotics are equal.AimTo investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (L. reuteri) in the management of various types of diarrhoeal diseases in children.MethodsMedline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, trial registries and reference lists of included studies were searched in January 2016, with no language restriction, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs).ResultsEight RCTs (n = 1229) met the inclusion criteria. In treatment trials, L. reuteri administration reduced the duration of diarrhoea (three RCTs, n = 256, mean difference, MD −24.82 h, 95% CI −38.8 to −10.8) and increased the cure rate on day 1 and day 2. However, heterogeneity and wide confidence intervals call for caution in interpreting results. In preventive trials carried out in hospitalised children, based on the findings from two RCTs (n = 290), there was no significant reduction in the risk of nosocomial diarrhoea, rotavirus diarrhoea or diarrhoea of any origin with L. reuteri administration. Based on one RCT (n = 97), there was no effect of L. reuteri on the risk of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea. However, the evidence is limited because the overall frequency of diarrhoea was surprisingly low. In preventive studies carried out in apparently healthy children, L. reuteri reduced diarrhoeal outcomes in one RCT; the evidence from another trial was less convincing.ConclusionsIn therapeutic settings, L. reuteri administration reduces the duration of diarrhoea and increases the chance of cure. In preventive settings, L. reuteri has the potential to reduce the risk of community‐acquired diarrhoea in otherwise healthy children.
Effects of chemical additives on the fermentation quality and N distribution of alfalfa silage in south of China
Authors: Li Ping , Ji Shuren , Hou Chen , Tang Haiyang , Wang Qian , Shen Yixin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn order to better utilize the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment, the effects of chemical additives on the quality of alfalfa silage were studied in south of China. The alfalfa was freshly harvested at branching stage, and wilted by dry matter content of about 300 g/kg (fresh matter basis). Silage was prepared by using a small‐scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. These silos were stored at ambient temperature (5‐20°C), and the silage qualities were analyzed after 120 days of fermentation. All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water‐soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non‐protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). Silages treated with organic acids were preserved with significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH value, ethanol content and NPN content compared with control. When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and N distribution were considered, the treatment with sucrose or organic acids resulted in high quality of alfalfa silage ensiled before killing frost, with formic acid having the best effect.