bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Nomothetic or Ideographic Approaches Superior in Predicting Daily Exercise Behaviors?
Authors: Cheung Ying , Hsueh Pei-Yun , Qian Min , Yoon Sunmoo , Meli Laura , Diaz Keith , Schwartz Joseph , Kronish Ian , Davidson Karina 
Published: October 2017

SummaryObjectives: The understanding of how stress influences health behavior can provide insights into developing healthy lifestyle interventions. This understanding is traditionally attained through observational studies that examine associations at a population level. This nomothetic approach, however, is fundamentally limited by the fact that the environment- person milieu that constitutes stress exposure and experience can vary substantially between individuals, and the modifiable elements of these exposures and experiences are individual-specific. With recent advances in smartphone and sensing technologies, it is now possible to conduct idiographic assessment in users’ own environment, leveraging the full-range observations of actions and experiences that result in differential response to naturally occurring events. The aim of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that an ideographic N-of-1 model can better capture an individual’s stress- behavior pathway (or the lack thereof) and provide useful person-specific predictors of exercise behavior.Methods: This paper used the data collected in an observational study in 79 participants who were followed for up to a 1-year period, wherein their physical activity was continuously and objectively monitored by actigraphy and their stress experience was recorded via ecological momentary assessment on a mobile app. In addition, our analyses considered exogenous and environmental variables retrieved from public archive such as day in a week, daylight time, temperature and precipitation. Leveraging the multiple data sources, we developed prediction algorithms for exercise behavior using random forest and classification tree techniques using a nomothetic approach and an N-of-1 approach. The two approaches were compared based on classification errors in predicting personalized exercise behavior.Results: Eight factors were selected by random forest for the nomothetic decision model, which was used to predict whether a participant would exercise on a particular day. The predictors included previous exercise behavior, emotional factors (e.g., midday stress), external factors such as weather (e.g., temperature), and self-determination factors (e.g., expectation of exercise). The nomothetic model yielded an average classification error of 36%. The ideographic N-of-1 models used on average about two predictors for each individual, and had an average classification error of 25%, which represented an improvement of 11 percentage points.Conclusions: Compared to the traditional one-size-fits-all, nomothetic model that generalizes population-evidence for individuals, the proposed N-of-1 model can better capture the individual difference in their stressbehavior pathways. In this paper, we demonstrate it is feasible to perform personalized exercise behavior prediction, mainly made possible by mobile health technology and machine learning analytics.
Les logiques ordinaires de catégorisation de l’espace socioprofessionnel
Authors: de Verdalle Laure , Deauvieau Jérôme , Filhon Alexandra 
Published: October 2017

Cet article analyse les catégorisations ordinaires de l’espace socioprofessionnel dans trois pays européens : l’Allemagne, l’Espagne et la France. Dans un contexte marqué par la mise en place d’une nomenclature socioprofessionnelle européenne, nous avons conduit une étude comparée reposant sur un dispositif méthodologique inspiré par les travaux menés par Luc Boltanski et Laurent Thévenot au début des années 1980. Après avoir explicité notre démarche expérimentale, nous revenons sur la façon dont nos enquêtés catégorisent l’espace social d’un pays à un autre en insistant sur les principales logiques qui structurent leur jugement. Les données recueillies nous permettent de mettre à jour des variations nationales dans la manière d’appréhender le monde socioprofessionnel. Alors qu’en France la qualification et le statut d’emploi apparaissent déterminants, en Allemagne c’est avant tout la détention ou non d’un diplôme professionnel qui ordonne les classements individuels. Enfin, en Espagne le niveau de formation est central pour saisir les découpages opérés.
Faire migrer les représentations
Authors: Martinache Igor 
Published: October 2017

C’est peu de dire que les migrations humaines sont aujourd’hui placées bien en tête de l’agenda médiatique et politique. La « crise des réfugiés » conjuguée à la montée de l’extrême droite a ainsi mis en exergue les contradictions de l’opinion publique et de la bien mal nommée « politique d’accueil » des pays européens en la matière, mais aussi, et peut-être surtout, la grande méconnaissance qui entoure ces phénomènes en dépit de l’attention qui leur est accordée.
Maternal High Fiber Diet during Pregnancy and Lactation Influences Regulatory T Cell Differentiation in Offspring in Mice
Authors: Nakajima Akihito , Kaga Naoko , Nakanishi Yumiko , Ohno Hiroshi , Miyamoto Junki , Kimura Ikuo , Hori Shohei , Sasaki Takashi , Hiramatsu Keiichi , Okumura Ko , Miyake Sachiko , Habu Sonoko , Watanabe Sumio 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the end products of dietary fiber, influence the immune system. Moreover, during pregnancy the maternal microbiome has a great impact on the development of the offspring’s immune system. However, the exact mechanisms by which maternal SCFAs during pregnancy and lactation influence the immune system of offspring are not fully understood. We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation in offspring regulated by a maternal high fiber diet (HFD). Plasma levels of SCFAs in offspring from HFD-fed mice were higher than in those from no fiber diet–fed mice. Consequently, the offspring from HFD-fed mice had higher frequencies of thymic Treg (tTreg) and peripheral Tregs. We found that the offspring of HFD-fed mice exhibited higher autoimmune regulator (Aire) expression, a transcription factor expressed in the thymic microenvironment, suggesting SCFAs promote tTreg differentiation through increased Aire expression. Notably, the receptor for butyrate, G protein–coupled receptor 41 (GPR41), is highly expressed in the thymic microenvironment and Aire expression is not increased by stimulation with butyrate in GPR41-deficient mice. Our studies highlight the significance of SCFAs produced by a maternal HFD for Treg differentiation in the thymus of offspring. Given that Aire expression is associated with the induction of tTregs, the maternal microbiome influences Treg differentiation in the thymus of offspring through GPR41-mediated Aire expression.
A Specialist Macaque MHC Class I Molecule with HLA-B*27–like Peptide-Binding Characteristics
Authors: de Groot Natasja G. , Heijmans Corrine M. C. , de Ru Arnoud H. , Janssen George M. C. , Drijfhout Jan W. , Otting Nel , Vangenot Christelle , Doxiadis Gaby G. M. , Koning Frits , van Veelen Peter A. , Bontrop Ronald E. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In different macaque species, the MHC A2*05 gene is present in abundance, and its gene products are characterized by low cell-surface expression and a highly conserved peptide-binding cleft. We have characterized the peptide-binding motif of Mamu-A2*05:01, and elucidated the binding capacity for virus-derived peptides. The macaque A2*05 allotype prefers the basic amino acid arginine at the second position of the peptide, and hydrophobic and polar amino acids at the C-terminal end. These preferences are shared with HLA-B*27 and Mamu-B*008, molecules shown to be involved in elite control in human HIV type 1 and macaque SIV infections, respectively. In contrast, however, Mamu-A2*05 preferentially binds 8-mer peptides. Retention in the endoplasmic reticulum seems to be the cause of the lower cell-surface expression. Subsequent peptide-binding studies have illustrated that Mamu-A2*05:01 is able to bind SIV-epitopes known to evoke a strong CD8+ T cell response in the context of the Mamu-B*008 allotype in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Thus, the macaque A2*05 gene encodes a specialized MHC class I molecule, and is most likely transported to the cell surface only when suitable peptides become available.
Rehabilitation following Surgery for Reconstruction of a Foot Defect
Authors: West Susan Faber , Pidcoe Peter E. 
Published: October 2017

Background This report illustrates the use of pressure for scar management to aid in foot re-shaping following a surgical intervention to repair an arterio-venous (AV) malformation. Methods This report describes the rehabilitation of a 13-year-old girl after surgical reconstruction of a defect in her left foot following the removal of an AV malformation. Early surgical attempts to repair the problem resulted in complications that required the amputation of toes 2, 3, and 4, and the use of a split thickness skin graft to cover the plantar surface of the medial longitudinal arch on the left foot. Following surgery, the patient had an antalgic gait pattern with decreased weight bearing on the left. The graft obliterated the left medial longitudinal arch and the patient would only weight bear on the heel. The patient had decreased metatarsal joint mobility on the affected side and no movement in the remaining toes. Left talocrural joint active range-of-motion (AROM) was within normal limits and gross ankle muscle force production was assessed to have a grade of 3/5. Results Treatment included reshaping the left foot using a pressure garment and orthotic, followed by interventions to address range-of-motion and muscle force production deficiencies. All treatment objectives were achieved and all patient goals were achieved. Conclusions Pressure was effective in re-shaping the foot to promote normal gait mechanics.
The Management of a Patient with a Cervical Disc Herniation: A Case Report
Authors: Tsao Sherry , Pidcoe Peter 
Published: October 2017

Purpose To present the management of a patient with a cervical disc herniation and illustrate the efficacy of cervical traction as a main form of treatment for cervical disc herniation in conjunction with a home exercise program. Background A 71-year-old white female diagnosed with cervical disc herniation at the levels of C5-6 and C6-7 presented to physical therapy with neck pain radiating into the left upper extremity down to the 5th digit of the left hand. Treatment The patient reported to outpatient physical therapy for cervical disc herniation and radiculopathy. After initial evaluation she received intermittent cervical traction and was given a home exercise program consisting of cervical lateral flexion stretch, unilateral wall stretch for pectoralis muscles and to continue with her over the door cervical traction. Conclusion Cervical traction and a good home exercise program have been shown to reduce cervical disc herniation and its subsequent symptoms.
Is the Adipose Tissue the Key Road to Inflammation?
Authors: Lucas Stéphanie , Verwaerde Claudie , Wolowczuk Isabelle 
Published: October 2017

It is now broadly accepted that white adipose tissue disorders, such as obesity, are associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation predisposing to the development of insulin-resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. In obesity, accumulation of visceral adipose tissue, rather than subcutaneous adipose tissue, is regarded as the most critical factor contributing to the pathogenesis of these metabolic diseases. Recently has emerged the notion that inflammatory response accompanying obesity corresponds to a cytokine-mediated activation of innate immunity. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on this emerging concept and to show the reader how innate immune metabolic pathways engaged within white adipose tissue could interfere with innate inflammatory immune defense. First, adipose tissue is reported as an important in vivo source of inflammatory cytokines and adipocytes express some receptors of the innate immune system (namely the Toll-like receptors). Second, both innate and adaptive immune cells (respectively, macrophages, dendritic-like cells and T-lymphocytes) appear more and more essential to the initiation and the development of adipose tissue inflammation. More specifically, adipose tissue macrophages have recently emerged as key players in the inflammatory process of obese adipose tissue. Their number and their phenotypic switch from a non inflammatory (i.e. M2) to an inflammatory (i.e. M1) state are likely crucial in the onset of obese adipose tissue inflammation and in the development of insulin-resistance. Finally, the hormonal regulation of adipose tissue inflammation is exemplified by recent data regarding the role of glucocorticoids, both at the level of adipose cells and macrophages. Altogether, adipose tissue might therefore be regarded as a true immune organ, at the crossroad between metabolism and immune system.
Dose-Specific Biphasic Effects of Simvastatin on the Expression of CXCL10 and CX3CL1 by Human Osteoblasts
Authors: Kasama Tsuyoshi , Isozaki Takeo , Sato Michihito , Takahashi Ryo , Wakabayashi Kuninobu , Tezuka Masakazu 
Published: October 2017

Objective To better understand the effects of simvastatin (SS) on the expression and secretion of two chemokines, CXCL10 and CX3CL1, by osteoblasts, and to test whether inhibition of isoprenoid intermediates of cholesterol biosynthesis were involved in the effects of SS. Methods Human osteoblasts were incubated in the presence or absence of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), with and without SS (0.1–100 μM). Culture supernatants were then collected, and expression of CXCL10 and CX3CL1 mRNA in osteoblasts was examined using quantitative TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction. The levels of CXCL10 and CX3CL1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results At a high concentration (100 μM), SS inhibited expression and secretion of the chemokines and showed cytotoxity, whereas at lower concentrations (0.1–1 μM) SS stimulated the expression and secretion of the chemokines. Expression and secretion of CXCL10 or CX3CL1 from osteoblasts were induced by stimulation with TNF-α and IFN-γ. In addition, SS exerted a biphasic effect on the evoked induction of CXCL10 and CX3CL1. Chemokine expression and secretion was also assayed in the presence of mevalonate (MEV), geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) or farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). MEV abolished both the inhibitory effect of high-dose SS and the stimulatory effect of low-dose SS. On the other hand, GGPP abolished only the inhibitory effects of high-dose SS, and FPP had no effect at all. Conclusions These findings suggest that osteoblasts are an important cellular source of CXCL10 and CX3CL1, and that statins such as SS may modulate the inflammatory process in bone tissues to inhibit bone resorption and stimulate bone formation through biphasic modulation chemokine synthesis.
Gray Code in the Solution of the Nine Rings Chinese Game
Authors: Ceasar Huang Erick , Sherry Huang Sharon , Tsai Cheng-Hua 
Published: October 2017

The main purpose of this project is to explore the nine chain ringed game and to solve it through various ways including induction and recursive methods. Associating this game with the binary codes and where the two numbers represent whether the respective ring is on the 1st row-the ring being on the sword or the 2nd row-the ring being off the sword. First, we explored the problem with two mathematical models to find the existing patterns. Then, by the usage of induction, we found the general form of the quickest number of moves needed depending on the number of rings without the repetition of any situation. Hence we called this path a beautiful solution. Similarly, by the usage of induction, we determined the smallest number of steps needed to get from one situation to another situation. Meanwhile, we also formulated nonrepeating sequences to represent which ring will be moved at which step of the beautiful solution’s procedure. Finally, we concluded the project by aggregating the data into a generating function.
La visite de parents et d’amis (VPA), un phénomène touristique majeur.
Authors: DE GRANDPRÉ François 
Published: October 2017

Les recherches que nous avons consultées au sujet des visites de parents et d’amis (VPA) nous apprennent que nous aurions tort de croire qu’il s’agit là d’un phénomène marginal, surtout en ce qui concerne le volume de visiteurs qu’il représente, mais aussi les impacts économiques qu’il génère. Il serait aussi faux de penser qu’il soit possible d’intervenir efficacement auprès de cette clientèle de la même manière que nous intervenons auprès d’autres types de visiteurs. Selon certaines de ces études, nous aurions tout aussi tort de ne pas intervenir, sous prétexte qu’il s’agit d’une clientèle « naturelle » qui ferait une visite de toute façon. Ces constats ont été questionnés dans le cadre de groupes de discussion organisés à Trois-Rivières. Cette ville d’un peu plus de 100 000 habitants est située au Québec, entre Montréal et Québec. Elle a la particularité d’accueillir une proportion de VPA particulièrement importante ; ils comptent en effet pour trois visiteurs sur quatre, contre un voyageur sur deux en moyenne au Québec. Les constats évoqués dans la littérature ont presque tous trouvé écho auprès des personnes rencontrées lors de ces discussions de groupes (focus groups). En effet, ils sont actifs, ils dépensent et ils ont des besoins qui pourraient être en partie assouvis par les acteurs touristiques locaux (privés et publics). Nous avons porté une attention particulière à la manière de les rejoindre, car la littérature n’offre pas de réponse satisfaisante à la question des stratégies territoriales visant les VPA. Le but de favoriser les VPA n’est pas qu’économique (accroître la fréquence et la durée des voyages pour faire augmenter les dépenses), il est aussi lié à l’amélioration de l’expérience vécue, tant par l’hôte que par le visiteur. Notre étude tend à montrer que la réponse réside dans une communication plus complète, plus objective et mieux adaptée aux particularités des hôtes et de leurs visiteurs. Elle suggère aussi de jouer sur les prix et d’atténuer le clivage qui existe entre le citoyen et le touriste.
SERVIR ET ALLÉGER
Authors: LAMBERT VINCENT 
Published: October 2017

Où qu’on la pratique, la chronique comporte un certain nombre de caractéristiques
— relevées notamment par Marc Angenot (1986) et Marie-Ève Thérenty (2007) — qui en font un
genre à part entière, même si le premier de ces traits est une indistinction qui tient à sa
mitoyenneté générale. Elle est au point de rencontre de la littérature et du journalisme,
des genres de l’intime et de l’espace public, de l’actualité et de l’inactualité, de
l’archive et du provisoire, de l’objectivité factuelle et d’un subjectivisme assumé. Cet
article propose de comprendre la spécificité de l’espace réservé au chroniqueur dans
certains journaux canadiens de la seconde moitié du xixe siècle. Nous aborderons quatre chroniqueurs très actifs à l’époque :
Arthur Buies, Hector Fabre, Napoléon Legendre et Edmond Paré. Ils partagent un ensemble de
traits récurrents (le libéralisme, l’oralité, l’ironie, la flânerie et la contemplation)
suggérant que nous sommes en présence d’une véritable figure médiatique, c’est-à-dire un
type façonné par l’imaginaire médiatique, identifié à un ethos, à un langage, à
certaines postures qui forment ni plus ni moins qu’un habit — une manière d’être, une
tenue —, l’habit du chroniqueur. Celui qui revêt cet habit accepterait un mandat implicite,
un peu comme le reporter mais à propos de tout et de rien, celui de préserver une connivence
avec le lecteur, par laquelle le monde (de la politique au fjord du Saguenay en passant par
les rues de Québec) sera vu d’un angle oblique, à la fois ironique et intime.
PREDNOSTI I OGRANIČENJA IZGRADNJE E-UPRAVE U SRBIJI
Authors: Vidas-Bubanja Marijana 
Published: October 2017

Kreiranje savremene državne uprave podržane primenom ICT znači reorganizaciju, simplifikaciju i standardizaciju administrativnih procedura, što značajno doprinosi smanjenju troškova i smanjuje mogućnost korupcije i zloupotreba. Polazište ovih aktivnosti je vezano za porast svesti o potencijalima koncepta e-uprave kao mehanizmu demokratizacije društva, unapredjenja javnih usluga, podrške ekonomskom i poslovnom razvoju. U skladu sa stavom EU o prioritetnosti razvoja informacionog društva uvodjenje savremenih metoda e-uprave pradstavlja važan segment procesa stabilizacije i asocijacije Srbije Evropskoj uniji.
Uticaj kreditnih linija svjetske banke za mala i srednja preduzeća u Republici Srpskoj na performanse korisnika kredita
Authors: Petrović Jadranka 
Published: October 2017

Rezime: Cilj rada bio je istražiti uticaj kreditnih linija Svjetske banke za mala i srednja preduzeća (MSP) u Republici Srpskoj (RS) na performanse korisnika kredita. U radu su predstavljeni projekti Svjetske banke u RS za kreditiranje privatnog sektora: Hitni pilot projekat kreditiranja, Projekat kreditiranja privatnog sektora i Projekat poboljšanja pristupa finansijama za MSP,te analiziran uticaj kredita iz prva dva projekta na poslovne performanse preduzeća korisnika: ukupan prihod, izvoz i broj zaposlenih. U analizi je vršeno poređenje izabranih pokazatelja, u godini prije korištenja kredita,sa pokazateljima u godinama nakon korištenja kredita. Takođe, vršeno je poređenje kretanja pokazatelja preduzeća koja su koristila kredite Svjetske banke sa kretanjem pokazatelja na nivou Republike Srpske. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da su kreditne linije Svjetske banke za MSP u RS imale pozitivan uticaj na performanse korisnika kredita, a naročito na izvoz i broj zaposlenih. Ipak, prva dva projekta su bila relativno skromne vrijednosti u odnosu na ukupan plasman kredita privatnim preduzećima u RS. Posljednji projekat (EAF), čija je implementacija u toku, je do sada najveće vrijednosti i od njega se očekuju daleko veći pozitivni efekti na performanse MSP u Republici Srpskoj.