bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vortex Induced Motion of a Dry Tree Semisubmersible
Authors: Tan Jaime Hui Choo , Teng Yih Jeng , Kiprawi Fathieah 
Published: October 2017

The main challenge in the hydrodynamic design of a dry tree semisubmersible is in limiting its motion responses particularly heave motions to enable the use of riser tensioners. Deep draft semisubmersibles have low heave motions but are more susceptible to vortex induced motions (VIM) due to high slenderness ratios of the columns. A novel in-house developed semisubmersible design named the Heave and VIM Suppressed (HVS) semisubmersible has been designed to possess low VIM and low heave responses required for dry tree applications.
A case study of the feasibility of a dry tree HVS semisubmersible in South East Asian environment has been published separately [1]. This paper presents the VIM performance of the same hull, estimated using model testing and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. From the model tests, VIM suppression is observed in the HVS semisubmersible due to the presence of the column steps. CFD simulations of the model tests show results comparable to the measured data for the HVS semisubmersible. Additional CFD analysis is performed to account for the external damping effect of the mooring lines and risers on the VIM performance of the HVS semisubmersible.
This paper together with the earlier publication [1] shows the robustness of the HVS semisubmersible design concept in addressing both the heave and VIM issues in semisubmersibles for dry tree applications.
How to Account for Short-Term and Long-Term Variability in the Prediction of the 100 Years Response?
Authors: Derbanne Quentin , de Hauteclocque Guillaume , Dumont Martin 
Published: October 2017

Current practices in offshore unit design are based on the prediction of the 100 years response (tension, offset, stress...). The methodologies described in various standards (ISO, API...) are all very similar: several design environments are described with a combination of sea state, wind and current. Usually envelope contours are used, describing a set of environmental conditions corresponding to a 100 years return period. These design conditions are supposed to produce the highest responses. A time domain (or sometimes frequency domain) simulation is done on each of these short-term conditions, and the 3h most probable maximum (MPM) is computed for each. The highest MPM over all the design conditions is taken as the 100 years response. This approach completely neglects the short-term variability of the response.
This paper compares several design methods with the exact 100 years response. The exact 100 years response is computed by integrating the conditional short-term distributions with respect to the probability density function of the environmental conditions. The various design methods are all based on a simplification of an Inverse First Order Reliability Method (IFORM) approach, which requires computing one or several design conditions corresponding to one or several return periods, each of these conditions being associated with a given short-term quantile.
Computations are done using two datasets. At first realistic line tensions of 7 offshore units are used, based on a large number of simulations with a mooring software. On a second stage a more general parametric model using a Weibull distribution to describe the long-term variability and a Gumbel distribution to describe the short-term distribution of the 3h maximum is used. It is shown that the current methods are unconservative with respect to the exact 100 years response. A more accurate method is proposed, based on a 40 years return period associated with the quantile 90% and a correction factor of 1.04.
Joint Time-Frequency Analysis of Small Scale Ocean Storms via the Harmonic Wavelet Transform
Authors: Laface Valentina , Arena Felice , Kougioumtzoglou Ioannis A. , Maximiano dos Santos Ketson Roberto 
Published: October 2017

The paper focuses on utilizing the Harmonic Wavelet Transform (HWT) for estimating the evolutionary power spectrum (EPS) of sea storms. A sea storm is considered herein as a non-stationary stochastic process with a time duration of the order of days. The storm evolution can be represented in three stages: the growth, the peak and the decay. Specifically, during growth the intensity of the wave increases with time until reaching the apex, and then decreases. The analysis is carried out by processing the time series of the free surface elevation recorded at the Natural Ocean Engineering Laboratory of Reggio Calabria, Italy. A peculiarity of the NOEL lab is that a local wind from NNW often generates sea states consisting of pure wind waves that represent a small scale model, in Froude similarity, of ocean storms (www.noel.unirc.it). The main focus of the paper is, first, to acquire a joint time-frequency representation of the storm via estimating the associated EPS, and second, to explore the variability in time of the spectrum and of the dominant frequencies of the storm. The EPS is estimated by utilizing a non-stationary record of the sea surface elevation during a storm recorded at NOEL lab.
Further, in this paper, the standard representation of sea storms is also considered. That is, the non-stationary process is represented as a sequence of stationary processes (sea states or buoy records), each of them characterized by an intensity defined by a significant wave height Hs and by a duration Δt. During the time interval Δt the sea surface elevation is considered stationary and the frequency spectrum may be computed via the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Results obtained following this procedure, which can be considered essentially as a brute-force application of the short-time FT, are compared with those obtained via a HWT based joint time-frequency analysis.
Preliminary Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Using Artificial Reefs to Reduce Breaking Wave Impact on Offshore Structures
Authors: Loedsen Andersen Charlotte , Skov Milthers Ida , Caroee Kristoffersen Julie , Georgakis Christos Thomas , Tao Longbin 
Published: October 2017

Waves breaking on offshore platforms can have damaging consequences for the structure and for the safety of the people working on it. Recent unexpected extreme wave events have shown the effects that breaking waves have on offshore platforms.
In this paper, the results from a scaled experimental investigation conducted the Newcastle University wind, wave and current tank, are presented. With these tests, the effectiveness of using artificial reefs to avoid or lessen the effects of breaking wave activity is examined. Four different types of artificial reefs are tested and their effects are compared to a reference test with no artificial reef. The comparison is based on the changes of the size and location of the maximum wave amplitude, the maximum displacement of a scaled platform and the artificial reef’s ability to dissipate wave energy.
Overall, the results show that placing the rectangular reef in the tank produces the most promising results. However, it is also shown that placing any one of the artificial reefs in the tank will affect a change in the wave motion. Thus, this investigation shows that the use of an artificial reef could be a step in securing a higher level of protection for personnel and operations.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Flow Reduction in the Moonpool of Floating Offshore Structure
Authors: Yoo Seon Oh , Kim Hyun Joe , Lee Dong Yeon , Kim Booki , Yang Seung Ho 
Published: October 2017

This paper presents the efforts of experimental and numerical studies to reduce internal flow of moonpool.
Drillships are equipped with a vertical opening at the center of the hull called ‘moonpool.’ Recently, the moonpools are getting longer and wider for the higher operability. With this trend, violent internal flows are getting more concerned in terms of the safety and operability, which have been reported during the operations even in mild seas. Also, it is well known that the internal flow gives higher resistance during the transit of drillship. Therefore, there have been a number of motivated researches on the reason and the source of excitation, the pattern of the internal flow and the way to suppress it.
Typically an internal flow of the moonpool has two types of oscillation modes: piston- and sloshing-mode. The excited oscillations of water and resultant internal flows are highly dependent on the shape of the moonpool, partly due that the resonant periods are varied with the size and shape of the moonpool. However, since the shape and size of the drillships are quite standardized, there may be no room for the change of shape to reduce the inflow from the bottom of moonpool. Therefore, more efforts have been made to develop the damping devices such as splash plates, which can be easily installed inside of the moonpool.
In this study, to see the effect of larger damping devices, a series of experimental and numerical study was carried out for the four moonpool designs; the ordinary plain moonpool, the moonpool with a recess deck, the moonpool with an isolated recess deck (island deck) and moonpool with a combination of island deck, splash plates and wave absorber. From the model tests, it was found that the internal flow of the moonpool was significantly reduced by the application of the wave absorber. In case of the moonpool with the island deck, the sloshing mode oscillations was not observed due to the gap flow between the inner wall of the moonpool and the recess, while the piston mode oscillations were remained unchanged. For the in-depth understanding of the flow behaviors and characteristics, the internal flow of the moonpool has been investigated using RANS based CFD code. The various moonpool designs were simulated to identify the effect of each device for the internal flow reduction of the moonpool. The CFD analysis results with regular waves, the water surface responses inside moonpool such as the flow pattern and resonance frequency were compared with model test results and showed reasonably good agreements.
A Method for Fatigue Evaluation of Trimaran Cross Structure With the Influence of Slamming
Authors: Li Zhe , Ren Huilong , Jin Kai 
Published: October 2017

Slamming is a highly non-linear phenomenon between hull structure and wave. Due to the special structure of trimaran, the slamming mode is extremely different from that of traditional vessel. Besides bow emergence and enter, the slamming phenomenon of the out shell at the cross structure is also obvious. In conventional hull structure fatigue strength evaluation, the slamming load is usually not considered. However, the slamming problem is unavoidable at danger load cases, and the stress concentration of the trimaran cross structure is serious. So it is dangerous to ignore the existence of slamming in serious load cases when evaluating the structural fatigue strength. Therefore, it is necessary to study the contribution of slamming load to fatigue damage.
In this paper, a practical method for calculating and analyzing is presented to consider the effect of slamming on the fatigue strength of the trimaran cross structure to ensure that the fatigue life of the structure is closer to the true value. According to the linear theory, the relative motion and relative speed of the hull in wave and the stress response of the wave load on the structure are calculated firstly. Then, the stress response of the non-linear out shell slamming force is calculated. The linear response and non-linear response are combined. And the stress response time history under the combined action of slamming and wave load are obtained. Finally, the fatigue damage of the structure under dangerous operating conditions is calculated by the rain flow counting method. And the contribution value of the slamming load to the structural damage degree is calculated. The paper will put forward some reference suggestions for fatigue study calculation and evaluation of Trimaran cross structure with the influence of slamming.
Wave Drift Forces and Low Frequency Damping on the Exwave Semi-Submersible
Authors: Fonseca Nuno , Stansberg Carl Trygve 
Published: October 2017

The paper presents realistic horizontal wave drift force coefficients and low frequency damping coefficients for the Exwave semi-submersible under severe seastates. The analysis includes conditions with collinear waves and current.
Model test data is used to identify the difference frequency wave exciting force coefficients based on a second order signal analysis technique. First, the slowly varying excitation is estimated from the relationship between the incoming wave and the low frequency motion using a linear oscillator. Then, the full quadratic transfer function (QTF) of the difference frequency wave exciting forces is defined from the relationship between the incoming waves and the second order force response. The process identifies also the linear low frequency damping.
The paper presents results from cases selected from the EXWAVE JIP test matrix. The empirical wave drift coefficients are compared to potential flow predictions and to coefficients from a semi-empirical formula. The results show that the potential flow predictions largely underestimate the wave drift forces, especially at the low frequency range where severe seastates have most of the energy.
CFD Based Multi-Disciplinary Optimization Design of High-Performance Deep Sea Seismic Vessel
Authors: Xiaofei Mao , Wenxu Zhang , Jiankui Qian , Minghao Wu 
Published: October 2017

This paper focuses on the application of a ship hull form multi-disciplinary optimization (MDO) system based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Using the iSIGHT software, the MDO system integrates an automatic geometry transformation program and high-fidelity CFD solvers for different sub-disciplines. Hydrodynamics analysis subsystem includes resistance, seakeeping and stability modules. The resistance and seakeeping is analyzed by commercial potential-flow CFD codes, the stability is assessed by in-house code. The geometry variation output can be automatically used by the numerical solvers. By means of the design of experiment (DOE) technique, a neural network metamodel is trained to predict short term motion response of the derived ships efficiently.
The system has been used in a seismic vessel’s hull form optimization to minimize the resistance and maximize the long term seakeeping operability index. Meanwhile, the stability in waves is concerned as a constraint. The hybrid MIGA-NLPQL optimization algorithm is applied for a global-to-local search in resistance optimization. For the synthesis optimization, a Pareto optimal solution set has been obtained and the final solution is achieved by trade-off analysis of the solution set. The entire automatic optimization process can be used for the preliminary design of new high performance vessels.
The HRD Decision—Which PARP Inhibitor to Use for Whom and When
Authors: Kohn Elise C. , Lee Jung-min , Ivy S. Percy 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Rucaparib, a polyADPribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi), was approved recently for use in women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). It is now one of three approved PARPi for use in recurrent ovarian cancer, a family of agents that has changed the HGSOC treatment landscape and outcome. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7155–7. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Balasubramaniam et al., p. 7165
Malignant Phenotypes in Metastatic Melanoma are Governed by SR-BI and its Association with Glycosylation and STAT5 Activation
Authors: Kinslechner Katharina , Schörghofer David , Schütz Birgit , Vallianou Maria , Wingelhofer Bettina , Mikulits Wolfgang , Röhrl Clemens , Hengstschläger Markus , Moriggl Richard , Stangl Herbert , Mikula Mario 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is hallmarked by elevated glycolytic flux and alterations in cholesterol homeostasis. The contribution of cholesterol transporting receptors for the maintenance of a migratory and invasive phenotype is not well defined. Here, the scavenger receptor class B type I (SCARB1/SR-BI), a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, was identified as an estimator of melanoma progression in patients. We further aimed to identify the SR-BI–controlled gene expression signature and its related cellular phenotypes. On the basis of whole transcriptome analysis, it was found that SR-BI knockdown, but not functional inhibition of its cholesterol-transporting capacity, perturbed the metastasis-associated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. Furthermore, SR-BI knockdown was accompanied by decreased migration and invasion of melanoma cells and reduced xenograft tumor growth. STAT5 is an important mediator of the EMT process and loss of SR-BI resulted in decreased glycosylation, reduced DNA binding, and target gene expression of STAT5. When human metastatic melanoma clinical specimens were analyzed for the abundance of SR-BI and STAT5 protein, a positive correlation was found. Finally, a novel SR-BI–regulated gene profile was determined, which discriminates metastatic from nonmetastatic melanoma specimens indicating that SR-BI drives gene expression contributing to growth at metastatic sites. Overall, these results demonstrate that SR-BI is a highly expressed receptor in human metastatic melanoma and is crucial for the maintenance of the metastatic phenotype.
Implications: High SR-BI expression in melanoma is linked with increased cellular glycosylation and hence is essential for a metastasis-specific expression signature. Mol Cancer Res; 16(1); 135–46. ©2017 AACR.
Platelets Contribute to the Accumulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase Type 2 in Synovial Fluid in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Alunno Alessia , Falcinelli Emanuela , Luccioli Filippo , Petito Eleonora , Bartoloni Elena , Momi Stefania , Mirabelli Giulia , Mancini Giovanni , Gerli Roberto , Gresele Paolo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInflammation plays a role in the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic degenerative joint disorder. Platelets are inflammatory cells, contain and release matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and favour the release of these enzymes, key effectors of cartilage and subchondral bone degradation, by other cells; however, their role in OA has not been investigated yet. Our aims were (1) to assess the presence of platelets and of MMP-2 in synovial fluid (SF) of OA patients; (2) to evaluate the contribution of platelets to MMP-2 release by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS); and (3) to investigate if hyaluronic acid (HA) interferes with these processes. SF was collected from 27 OA patients before and after treatment with intra-articular HA (20 mg/2 mL). Moreover, FLS were co-cultured with platelets, and the release of MMP-2 in supernatants was measured. Our results show that platelets are present in OA SF and show markers of activation. OA SF also contains relevant amounts of MMP-2. Co-incubation of platelets with FLS favours the release of MMP-2 by the interaction of platelet surface P-selectin with FLS CD44 by a mechanism involving the activation of pAkt and pSrc in FLS. Administration of HA to OA patients decreased the infiltration of platelets in SF and reduced the levels of MMP-2. The addition of HA in vitro inhibited the release of MMP-2 by FLS triggered by the interaction with platelets. In conclusion, our data show that platelets may contribute to joint degeneration in OA by favouring the accumulation of MMP-2 in SF.
ФАРМАКОЕКОНОМІЧНА ОЦІНКА ДОСТУПНОСТІ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ ДЛЯ ЛІКУВАННЯ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ ДИХАЛЬНИХ ШЛЯХІВ
Authors: Kukhtenko O. S. , Nazarkina V. M. , Gladukh Ye. V. 
Published: October 2017

Мета роботи. Хвороби системи дихання (ХСД) залишаються одними з найбільш поширених патології у структурі захворюваності населення України. Проблема підвищення ефективності та доступності лікування ХСД залишається актуальною. При цьому в умовах обмежених ресурсів охорони здоров’я та низької платоспроможності населення все більшого соціально-економічного значення набуває фармакоекономічна оцінка доступності лікарських засобів (ЛЗ), чому і присвячена дана публікація.З огляду на викладене вище, метою дослідження стало проведення аналізу цінових показників доступності препаратів для лікування ХСД, зокрема, нових препаратів, запропонованих до впровадження у виробництво.Матеріали і методи. Проведено аналіз динаміки індексів цін, показників ліквідності цін та доступності муколітичних та відхаркувальних ЛЗ з використанням статистичних методів. Здійснено калькулювання прогнозної собівартості нового ЛЗ. Інформаційна база: Компендіум, прайс-листи, дані держстатистики за 2012-2016 р.Результати й обговорення. На першому етапі досліджень проведено аналіз цінових показників доступності ЛЗ референтних груп розроблювального комбінованого препарату «Бронхостен», що включає складний комплекс екстрактів рослинної сировини. Проведено моніторинг середніх оптових цін відхаркувальних та муколітичних ЛЗ за 2013–2016 рр. Встановлено, що у цілому показники ліквідності Сliq препаратів муколітичної та відхаркувальної дії протягом 2012–2016 рр. не перевищували максимально допустимого значення, що вказує на стабільний рівень конкуренції у досліджуваному сегменті ринку. Були визначені показники доступності на препарати відхаркувальної та муколітичної дії; розрахована собівартість та відпускна ціна на препарат на підставі матеріальних розрахунків виробництва.Висновки. Аналіз динаміки показників індексів цін, коефіцієнтів ліквідності та доступності свідчить, що наразі ринок ЛЗ для лікування захворювань дихальних шляхів характеризується широким асортиментом та належною економічною (ціновою) доступністю ЛЗ.Проведено калькулювання собівартості запропонованого до впровадження комплексного рослинного препарату «Бронхостен». За результатами розрахунків, прогнозні оптово-відпускні ціни (у т. ч. ПДВ 20 %) становитимуть від 16,00 до 20,00 грн за упаковку. Порівняльний аналіз цін на референтні препарати дозволяє зробити висновок про економічну доцільність виробництва запропонованого препарату.
ОДНОНУКЛЕОТИДНІ ПОЛІМОРФІЗМИ RS11665469, RS724256, RS754505 ГЕНА NFATC1 ТА RS2229309 ГЕНА NFATC4 В ДІТЕЙ З ДВОСТУЛКОВИМ АОРТАЛЬНИМ КЛАПАНОМ СЕРЦЯ
Authors: Kamenshchyk A. V. 
Published: October 2017

Мета дослідження – встановити розподіл генотипів у поліморфізмах rs7240256, rs11665469, rs754505 гена NFATC1 та rs2229309 гена NFATC4 в дітей з двостулковим аортальним клапаном серця (ДАК) та іншими уродженими вадами серця (УВС) без аномалій серцевих клапанів.Матеріали та методи. Проведено генотипування з визначенням вказаних поліморфізмів у 39 дітей з діагностованим ДАК, 42 дітей з УВС без аномалій клапанів та 51 дитини контрольної групи. Розподіл генотипів перевіряли на відповідність тесту Харді – Вайнберга за допомогою критерію χ2.Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. У поліморфізмі rs754505 гена NFATC1 у всіх групах дітей у 90 % випадків переважали гомозиготні генотипи (92,68, 90 та 87,1 % відповідно; p>0,05). При розподілі генотипів поліморфізму rs7240256 гена NFATC1 у хворих з ДАК спостерігали переважання гомозиготного генотипу TT порівняно як із CT (58,97 та 28,20 % відповідно; p<0,05), так і з CC (58,97 та 20,51 % відповідно; p<0,05). При розподілі генотипів поліморфізму rs11665469 гена NFATC1 в дітей з ДАК та УВС домінували гомозиготні генотипи (76,85 і 66,6 % відповідно; p<0,05) та переважав генотип TT у хворих з ДАК порівняно як з контролем (17,95 та 1,96 % відповідно; p<0,05), так і з УВС (17,95 та 4,76 % відповідно; p<0,05). У групі хворих з ДАК тест Харді – Вайнберга набував достовірних значень (χ2=12,91; p=0,002). У поліморфізмі rs2229309 гена NFATC4 в дітей з ДАК спостерігали переважання гомозиготних генотипів за рахунок збільшення відносної частоти генотипу GG.Висновки. Встановлено переважання гомозиготних генотипів гена NFATC1 в дітей з ДАК у поліморфізмах rs7240256 та rs11665469 з переважанням генотипу TT, а також переважання відносної частоти генотипу GG у поліморфізмі rs2229309 гена NFATC4.