bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Migration in an Integrated World
Authors: Bougheas Spiros , Falvey Rod 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA growing number of developed countries offer entrepreneurial visas as a means of attracting entrepreneurial talent and capital. In this paper, we use a simple two‐sector model of international trade with heterogeneous agents and financial frictions to show that entrepreneurial migration can contribute to the international efficiency of production, even when capital also flows internationally through borrowing and lending and foreign direct investment. In our model, all cross‐border transactions are motivated by cross‐country variations in the quality of financial institutions.
Climate Change and Ideological Transformation in United States Agriculture
Authors: Stuart Diana 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFarmers pay close attention to their environment and are increasingly experiencing and recognising the impacts of climate change. Drawing from the work of Göran Therborn, this article examines farmers’ climate change beliefs, explores emerging contradictions between conservative ideological positions and personal experiences, and looks for signs of ideological transformation. Data from 154 personal interviews with corn farmers in the Midwestern United States reveals that many farmers believe that humans play some role in climate change and that climate change has serious and negative impacts on agriculture. Interview data also illustrates how farmers contradict themselves when discussing their positions on climate change and suggests that farmers may be losing faith in political elites. As farmers continue to experience the impacts of climate change, they may find it increasingly difficult to support conservative positions. However, this study also reveals that, despite individual beliefs, the political economy of industrial agriculture will continue to constrain the adoption of climate change mitigation measures.
Proteogenomic analysis reveals alternative splicing and translation as part of the abscisic acid response in Arabidopsis seedlings
Authors: Zhu Fu‐Yuan , Chen Mo‐Xian , Ye Neng‐Hui , Shi Lu , Ma Kai‐Long , Yang Jing‐Fang , Cao Yun‐Ying , Zhang Youjun , Yoshida Takuya , Fernie Alisdair R. , Fan Guang‐Yi , Wen Bo , Zhou Ruo , Liu Tie‐Yuan , Fan Tao , Gao Bei , Zhang Di , Hao Ge‐Fei , Xiao Shi , Liu Ying‐Gao , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn eukaryotes, mechanisms such as alternative splicing (AS) and alternative translation initiation (ATI) contribute to organismal protein diversity. Specifically, splicing factors play crucial roles in responses to environment and development cues; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well investigated in plants. Here, we report the parallel employment of short‐read RNA sequencing, single molecule long‐read sequencing and proteomic identification to unravel AS isoforms and previously unannotated proteins in response to abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Combining the data from the two sequencing methods, approximately 83.4% of intron‐containing genes were alternatively spliced. Two AS types, which are referred to as alternative first exon (AFE) and alternative last exon (ALE), were more abundant than intron retention (IR); however, by contrast to AS events detected under normal conditions, differentially expressed AS isoforms were more likely to be translated. ABA extensively affects the AS pattern, indicated by the increasing number of non‐conventional splicing sites. This work also identified thousands of unannotated peptides and proteins by ATI based on mass spectrometry and a virtual peptide library deduced from both strands of coding regions within the Arabidopsis genome. The results enhance our understanding of AS and alternative translation mechanisms under normal conditions, and in response to ABA treatment.
Parasitic Infections in Pregnancy Decrease Placental Transfer of Antipneumococcus Antibodies
Authors: McKittrick Noah D. , Vu David M. , Malhotra Indu , King Charles H. , Mutuku Francis , LaBeaud A. Desiree 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Many factors can influence maternal placental antibody transfer to the fetus, which confers important immune protection to the newborn infant. However, little is known about the effect of maternal parasitic infection on placental antibody transfer. To investigate this, we selected from a parent study of 576 pregnant Kenyan women four groups of women with term deliveries (≥37 weeks), including uninfected women (
n
= 30) and women with solo infections with malaria (
n
= 30), hookworm (
n
= 30), or schistosomiasis (
n
= 10). Maternal plasma at delivery and infant cord blood were tested via multiplex fluorescent bead assay for IgG against 10 pneumococcal serotypes (PnPs 1, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F), diphtheria toxoid, and
Haemophilus influenzae
type B. Infants born to mothers with prenatal malaria, hookworm, or
Schistosoma haematobium
infections were associated with a significantly reduced ratio of maternal to infant cord blood antibody concentration for
Streptococcus pneumoniae
serotypes 1, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, and 18C compared to infants of uninfected mothers. Anti-diphtheria toxoid and anti-
H. influenzae
type B IgG ratios were not significantly different among infection groups. Prenatal parasitic infections decrease the transfer of maternal IgG antibodies to infants for several serotypes of
S. pneumoniae
.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Lassa Fever
Authors: Raabe Vanessa , Koehler Jeffrey 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Lassa virus remains an important cause of illness in West Africa and among the travelers returning from this region with an acute febrile illness. The symptoms of Lassa fever can be nonspecific and mimic those of other endemic infections, especially early in illness, making a clinical diagnosis difficult; therefore, laboratory testing is needed to confirm the diagnosis. An early identification of Lassa fever is crucial for maximizing the benefit of available antiviral therapy, as treatment efficacy rapidly decreases following the clinical onset of the disease. This minireview provides an overview of the currently available diagnostic tests for Lassa fever and their strengths and weaknesses.
The Immaculate Carbapenemase Study
Authors: Thomson Kenneth S. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Carbapenemase-producing organisms, or CPOs, are Gram-negative pathogens that produce a transmissible carbapenemase and are typically resistant to most (sometimes all) antibiotics. We now face a global CPO pandemic of high mortality. In this issue of the
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
, Karlowsky et al. (J Clin Microbiol 55:1638–1649, 2017,
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02316-16
) report the results of an extensive global surveillance study that provide much-needed information that enhances our understanding of carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
(CPE) and which will be valuable for the development of improved strategies for CPE control and therapy of infections.
Unique Structural Features of Influenza Virus H15 Hemagglutinin
Authors: Tzarum Netanel , McBride Ryan , Nycholat Corwin M. , Peng Wenjie , Paulson James C. , Wilson Ian A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Influenza A H15 viruses are members of a subgroup (H7-H10-H15) of group 2 hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes that include H7N9 and H10N8 viruses that were isolated from humans during 2013. The isolation of avian H15 viruses is, however, quite rare and, until recently, geographically restricted to wild shorebirds and waterfowl in Australia. The HAs of H15 viruses contain an insertion in the 150-loop (loop beginning at position 150) of the receptor-binding site common to this subgroup and a unique insertion in the 260-loop compared to any other subtype. Here, we show that the H15 HA has a high preference for avian receptor analogs by glycan array analyses. The H15 HA crystal structure reveals that it is structurally closest to H7N9 HA, but the head domain of the H15 trimer is wider than all other HAs due to a tilt and opening of the HA1 subunits of the head domain. The extended 150-loop of the H15 HA retains the conserved conformation as in H7 and H10 HAs. Furthermore, the elongated 260-loop increases the exposed HA surface and can contribute to antigenic variation in H15 HAs. Since avian-origin H15 HA viruses have been shown to cause enhanced disease in mammalian models, further characterization and immune surveillance of H15 viruses are warranted.

IMPORTANCE
In the last 2 decades, an apparent increase has been reported for cases of human infection by emerging avian influenza A virus subtypes, including H7N9 and H10N8 viruses isolated during 2013. H15 is the other member of the subgroup of influenza A virus group 2 hemagglutinins (HAs) that also include H7 and H10. H15 viruses have been restricted to Australia, but recent isolation of H15 viruses in western Siberia suggests that they could be spread more globally via the avian flyways that converge and emanate from this region. Here we report on characterization of the three-dimensional structure and receptor specificity of the H15 hemagglutinin, revealing distinct features and specificities that can aid in global surveillance of such viruses for potential spread and emerging threat to the human population.
Herpesvirus Entry Mediator and Ocular Herpesvirus Infection: More than Meets the Eye
Authors: Edwards Rebecca G. , Longnecker Richard 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTAs its name suggests, the host receptor herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) facilitates herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry through interactions with a viral envelope glycoprotein. HVEM also bridges several signaling networks, binding ligands from both tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamilies with diverse, and often opposing, outcomes. While HVEM was first identified as a viral entry receptor for HSV, it is only recently that HVEM has emerged as an important host factor in immunopathogenesis of ocular HSV type 1 (HSV-1) infection. Surprisingly, HVEM exacerbates disease development in the eye independently of entry. HVEM signaling has been shown to play a variety of roles in modulating immune responses to HSV and other pathogens, and there is increasing evidence that these effects are responsible for HVEM-mediated pathogenesis in the eye. Here, we review the dual branches of HVEM function during HSV infection: entry and immunomodulation. HVEM is broadly expressed; intersects two important immunologic signaling networks; and impacts autoimmunity, infection, and inflammation. We hope that by understanding the complex range of effects mediated by this receptor, we can offer insights applicable to a wide variety of disease states.
Overactive Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Leads to Increased Fibrosis after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Venkataraman Thiagarajan , Coleman Christopher M. , Frieman Matthew B. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic respiratory virus that causes morbidity and mortality in humans. After infection with SARS-CoV, the acute lung injury caused by the virus must be repaired to regain lung function. A dysregulation in this wound healing process leads to fibrosis. Many survivors of SARS-CoV infection develop pulmonary fibrosis (PF), with higher prevalence in older patients. Using mouse models of SARS-CoV pathogenesis, we have identified that the wound repair pathway, controlled by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is critical to recovery from SARS-CoV-induced tissue damage. In mice with constitutively active EGFR [EGFR(DSK5) mice], we find that SARS-CoV infection causes enhanced lung disease. Importantly, we show that during infection, the EGFR ligands amphiregulin and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) are upregulated, and exogenous addition of these ligands during infection leads to enhanced lung disease and altered wound healing dynamics. Our data demonstrate a key role of EGFR in the host response to SARS-CoV and how it may be implicated in lung disease induced by other highly pathogenic respiratory viruses.

IMPORTANCE
PF has many causative triggers, including severe respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV. Currently there are no treatments to prevent the onset or limit the progression of PF, and the molecular pathways underlying the development of PF are not well understood. In this study, we identified a role for the balanced control of EGFR signaling as a key factor in progression to PF. These data demonstrate that therapeutic treatment modulating EGFR activation could protect against PF development caused by severe respiratory virus infection.
Exercise prescription for overhead athletes with shoulder pathology: a systematic review with best evidence synthesis
Authors: Wright Alexis A , Hegedus Eric J , Tarara Daniel T , Ray Samantha C , Dischiavi Steven L 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo produce a best evidence synthesis of exercise prescription used when treating shoulder pathology in the overhead athlete.DesignA systematic review of exercises used in overhead athletes including case studies and clinical commentaries.Data sourcesMEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL from database inception through July 8, 2016.MethodsWe examined data from randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort (level I–IV evidence) studies that addressed exercise intervention in the rehabilitation of the overhead athlete with shoulder pathology. Case studies and clinical commentaries (level V evidence) were examined to account for expert opinion-based research. Data were combined using best evidence synthesis and graded (A–F) recommendations (Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine).ResultsThere were 33 unique exercises in six level I–IV studies that met our inclusion criteria. Most exercises were single-plane, upper extremity exercises performed below 90oof elevation. There were 102 unique exercises in 33 level V studies that met our inclusion criteria. These exercises emphasised plyometrics, kinetic chain and sport-specific training.Conclusions and relevanceOverall, evidence for exercise interventions in overhead athletes with shoulder pathology is dominated by expert opinion (grade D). There is great variability between exercise approaches suggested by experts and those investigated in research studies and the overall level of evidence is low. The strongest available evidence (level B) supports the use of single-plane, open chain upper extremity exercises performed below 90° of elevation and closed chain upper extremity exercises. Clinical expert pieces support a more advanced, global treatment approach consistent with the complex, multidimensional nature of sport.
Moxibustion versus diclofenac sodium gel for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a study protocol for a double-blinded, double-placebo, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Jian-Ying , Luo Ling , Zhu Lin-Lin , Yin Hai-yan , Wu Qiaofeng , Peng Jia-xi , Zhang Cheng-shun , Lv Peng , Tang Yong , Yu Shu-guang 
Published: April 2017

IntroductionKnee osteoarthritis is a common form of arthritis in elderly patients that is characterised by pain and functional limitation. Moxibustion has been employed to relieve chronic pain as an alternative therapy for knee osteoarthritis. However, the evidence of its efficacy is equivocal due to the low methodological quality in most clinical studies. Therefore, we are performing a double-blinded, double-placebo, randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of moxibustion in participants with knee osteoarthritis.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, double-blinded, double-placebo, randomised controlled clinical trial. 144 eligible participants with knee osteoarthritis will be randomly assigned to two different groups in a 1:1 ratio. Participants in the moxibustion group will undergo active moxibustion plus placebo gel, whereas participants in the control group will receive diclofenac sodium gel plus placebo moxibustion. Each participant will receive 12 sessions of active/placebo moxibustion at three acupoints (ST35, ST36 and EX-LE4) as well as 2 months of follow-up. Diclofenac sodium gel or placebo gel at a dose of 4 g per knee will be applied three times per day for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure will be the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score change at the end of the intervention period from baseline. The secondary outcome measures include changes of other subscales (pain, stiffness and function) of WOMAC, visual analogue scale and patient globalassessment. The safety of moxibustion and diclofenac sodium gel will be assessed at every visit.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has been approved by the Sichuan Regional Ethics Review Committee (permission number: 2015KL-014). The results of this study are expected to provide clinical evidence on the efficacy of moxibustion for pain relief and physical function improvement in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The findings will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed medical journals and presented at relevant academic conferences.Trial registration numberNCT02769572.
Linkage into care among newly diagnosed HIV-positive individuals tested through outreach and facility-based HIV testing models in Mbeya, Tanzania: a prospective mixed-method cohort study
Authors: Sanga Erica Samson , Lerebo Wondwossen , Mushi Adiel K , Clowes Petra , Olomi Willyhelmina , Maboko Leonard , Zarowsky Christina 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveLinkage to care is the bridge between HIV testing and HIV treatment, care and support. In Tanzania, mobile testing aims to address historically low testing rates. Linkage to care was reported at 14% in 2009 and 28% in 2014. The study compares linkage to care of HIV-positive individuals tested at mobile/outreach versus public health facility-based services within the first 6 months of HIV diagnosis.SettingRural communities in four districts of Mbeya Region, Tanzania.ParticipantsA total of 1012 newly diagnosed HIV-positive adults from 16 testing facilities were enrolled into a two-armed cohort and followed for 6 months between August 2014 and July 2015. 840 (83%) participants completed the study.Main outcome measuresWe compared the ratios and time variance in linkage to care using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Log rank tests. Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate factors associated with time variance in linkage.ResultsAt the end of 6 months, 78% of all respondents had linked into care, with differences across testing models. 84% (CI 81% to 87%, n=512) of individuals tested at facility-based site were linked to care compared to 69% (CI 65% to 74%, n=281) of individuals tested at mobile/outreach. The median time to linkage was 1 day (IQR: 1–7.5) for facility-based site and 6 days (IQR: 3–11) for mobile/outreach sites. Participants tested at facility-based site were 78% more likely to link than those tested at mobile/outreach when other variables were controlled (AHR=1.78; 95% CI 1.52 to 2.07). HIV status disclosure to family/relatives was significantly associated with linkage to care (AHR=2.64; 95% CI 2.05 to 3.39).ConclusionsLinkage to care after testing HIV positive in rural Tanzania has increased markedly since 2014, across testing models. Individuals tested at facility-based sites linked in significantly higher proportion and modestly sooner than mobile/outreach tested individuals. Mobile/outreach testing models bring HIV testing services closer to people. Strategies to improve linkage from mobile/outreach models are needed.
Systematic approach to evaluating and confirming the utility of a suite of national health system performance (HSP) indicators in Canada: a modified Delphi study
Authors: Fekri Omid , Leeb Kira , Gurevich Yana 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesEvaluating an existing suite of health system performance (HSP) indicators for continued reporting using a systematic criteria-based assessment and national consensus conference.DesignModified Delphi approach with technical and leadership groups, an online survey of stakeholders and convening a national consensus conference.SettingA national health information steward, the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI).ParticipantsA total of 73 participants, comprised 61 conference attendants/stakeholders from across Canada and 12 national health information steward staff.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIndicator dispositions of retention, additional stakeholder consultation, further redevelopment or retirement.Results4 dimensions (usability, importance, scientific soundness and feasibility) typically used to select measures for reporting were expanded to 18 criteria grouped under the 4 dimensions through a process of research and testing. Definitions for each criterion were developed and piloted. Once the definitions were established, 56 of CIHI's publicly reported HSP indicators were evaluated against the criteria using modified Delphi approaches. Of the 56 HSP indicators evaluated, 9 measures were ratified for retirement, 7 were identified for additional consultation and 3 for further research and development. A pre-Consensus Conference survey soliciting feedback from stakeholders on indicator recommendations received 48 responses (response rate of 79%).ConclusionsA systematic evaluation of HSP indicators informed the development of objective recommendations for continued reporting. The evaluation was a fruitful exercise to identify technical considerations for calculating indicators, furthering our understanding of how measures are used by stakeholders, as well as harmonising actions that could be taken to ensure relevancy, reduce indicator chaos and build consensus with stakeholders.
Cohort profile: a data linkage cohort to examine health service profiles of people with intellectual disability in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Reppermund Simone , Srasuebkul Preeyaporn , Heintze Theresa , Reeve Rebecca , Dean Kimberlie , Emerson Eric , Coyne David , Snoyman Phillip , Baldry Eileen , Dowse Leanne , Szanto Tracey , Sara Grant , Florio Tony , Trollor Julian N 
Published: April 2017

PurposePeople with intellectual disability are a minority group who experience poorer physical and mental health than the general population and have difficulty accessing healthcare services. There is lack of knowledge about healthcare service needs and gaps experienced by people with intellectual disability. This study aims to interrogate a large linked administrative data set containing hospital admissions, presentations to emergency departments (ED) and mortality data to provide evidence to inform the development of improved health and mental health services for this population.ParticipantsA retrospective cohort of people with intellectual disability (n=51 452) from New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to explore health and mental health profiles, mortality, pattern of health service use and associated costs between 2005 and 2013. The cohort is drawn from: the Disability Services Minimum Data Set; Admitted Patients Data Collection; Emergency Department Data Collection, Australian Bureau of Statistics Death Registry and Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages. Mental health service usage among those with intellectual disability will be compared to a cohort of people who used mental health services (n=1 073 139) and service usage other than for mental health will be compared with published data from the general population.Findings to dateThe median age of the cohort was 24 at the time of the last hospital admission and 21 at the last ED presentation. The cohort has a higher proportion of men than women and accounts for 0.6% of the NSW population in 2011. Over 70% had up to 5 ED presentations and hospitalisations between 2005 and 2012. A high proportion of people with intellectual disability live in the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods.Future plansResults will be used to inform the development of more responsive healthcare, including improved interactions between health, social and disability supports. More generally, the results will assist the development of more inclusive policy frameworks for people with intellectual disability.