bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSA-NCAM positive neural progenitors stably expressing BDNF promote functional recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury
Authors: Butenschön Jennifer , Zimmermann Tina , Schmarowski Nikolai , Nitsch Robert , Fackelmeier Barbara , Friedemann Kevin , Radyushkin Konstantin , Baumgart Jan , Lutz Beat , Leschik Julia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundNeural stem cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) are of particular interest for future therapeutic use. However, until now, stem cell therapies are often limited due to the inhibitory environment following the injury. Therefore, in this study, we aimed at testing a combinatorial approach with BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) overexpressing early neural progenitors derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. BDNF is a neurotrophin, which both facilitates neural differentiation of stem cells and favors regeneration of damaged axons.MethodsMouse embryonic stem cells, modified to stably express BDNF-GFP, were differentiated into PSA-NCAM positive progenitors, which were enriched, and SSEA1 depleted by a sequential procedure of magnetic-activated and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Purified cells were injected into the lesion core seven days after contusion injury of the spinal cord in mice, and the Basso mouse scale (BMS) test to evaluate motor function was performed for 5 weeks after transplantation. To analyze axonal regeneration the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine was injected into the sensorimotor cortex two weeks prior to tissue analysis. Cellular differentiation was analyzed by immunohistochemistry of spinal cord sections.ResultsMotor function was significantly improved in animals obtaining transplanted BDNF-GFP-overexpressing cells as compared to GFP-expressing cells and vehicle controls. Stem cell differentiation in vivo revealed an increase of neuronal and oligodendrocytic lineage differentiation by BDNF as evaluated by immunohistochemistry of the neuronal marker MAP2 (microtubule associated protein 2) and the oligodendrocytic markers ASPA (aspartoacylase) and Olig2 (oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2). Furthermore, axonal tracing showed a significant increase of biotin dextran amine positive corticospinal tract fibers in BDNF-GFP-cell transplanted animals caudally to the lesion site.ConclusionsThe combinatorial therapy approach by transplanting BDNF-overexpressing neural progenitors improved motor function in a mouse contusion model of SCI. Histologically, we observed enhanced neuronal and oligodendrocytic differentiation of progenitors as well as enhanced axonal regeneration.
Full-length amelogenin influences the differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Frasheri Iris , Ern Christina , Diegritz Christian , Hickel Reinhard , Hristov Michael , Folwaczny Matthias 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background
Amelogenin is an extracellular matrix protein well known for its role in the organization and mineralization of enamel. Clinically, it is used for periodontal regeneration and, due to its finding also in predentin and intercellular spaces of dental pulp cells, it has recently been suggested for pulp capping procedures. The aim of this study was to analyse in vitro the effect of the recombinant human full-length amelogenin on the growth and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

Methods
Human DPSCs were treated with a supplement of amelogenin at a concentration of 10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml. The groups were compared to the unstimulated control in terms of cell morphology and proliferation, mineralization and gene expression for ALP (alkaline phosphatase), DMP1 (dentin matrix protein-1) and DSPP (dentin sialophosphoprotein).

Results
Amelogenin affects hDPSCs differently than PDL (periodontal ligament) cells and other cell lines. The proliferation rate at two weeks is significantly reduced in presence of the highest concentration of amelogenin as compared to the unstimulated control. hDPSCs treated with low concentrations present a downregulation of DMP1 and DSPP, which is significant for DSPP (p = 0.011), but not for DMP1 (p = 0.395).

Conclusions
These finding suggest that the role of full-length amelogenin is not restricted to participation in tooth structure. It influences the differentiation of hDPSC according to various concentrations and this might impair the clinical results of pulp capping.
Permanent draft genome sequence of the probiotic strain Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 (ITG P20)
Authors: Falentin Hélène , Deutsch Stéphanie-Marie , Loux Valentin , Hammani Amal , Buratti Julien , Parayre Sandrine , Chuat Victoria , Barbe Valérie , Aury Jean-Marc , Jan Gwenaël , Le Loir Yves 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPropionibacterium freudenreichii belongs to the class Actinobacteria (Gram positive with a high GC content). This “Generally Recognized As Safe” (GRAS) species is traditionally used as (i) a starter for Swiss-type cheeses where it is responsible for holes and aroma production, (ii) a vitamin B12 and propionic acid producer in white biotechnologies, and (iii) a probiotic for use in humans and animals because of its bifidogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Until now, only strain CIRM-BIA1T had been sequenced, annotated and become publicly available. Strain CIRM-BIA129 (commercially available as ITG P20) has considerable anti-inflammatory potential. Its gene content was compared to that of CIRM-BIA1 T. This strain contains 2384 genes including 1 ribosomal operon, 45 tRNA and 30 pseudogenes.
Cost analysis of gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges in preventing sternal wound infection post cardiac surgery
Authors: Joshi V. , Vaja R. , Richens D. 
Published: January 2016

Objective: The use of antibiotic-impregnated sponges (Collatamp) during cardiac surgery is controversial. We analysed the cost-effectiveness of its selective use in patients at high-risk of sternal wound infection (SWI). Method: Postoperative costs were analysed in two groups of patients undergoing heart surgery between 2011 and 2013: those with SWI (group 1) and in high-risk patients without SWI (group 2). The potential cost of gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges (GCS) use in high-risk patients was compared with our current practice. Results: We identified 1,251 patients with at least one recognised risk factor for developing SWI in this period. Of these, 18 developed SWI (incidence 1.4%). The median postoperative cost per patient without SWI was £9,617. The additional cost per patient incurred by SWI was £4,860.75. The annual additional cost for treating patients with SWI was £43,749. With a 50% reduction in SWI, the annual additional cost of treating these patients would be reduced to £21,873. The cost of GCS is £80 per patient. Adding this to £21,873 gives a potential total cost of £71,913 in the treated high-risk cohort. Conclusion: In our practice the annual cost of treating SWI in high-risk patients without use of GCS is lower than the annual cost of using GCS in all high-risk patients (£43,749 versus £71,913) if it produces a 50% reduction in SWI. The reduction in the incidence of SWI poses no economic benefit when the cost of the product is factored in.
Subtle differences: Sonic content in ‘translation’ remakes
Authors: Wierzbicki James 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This article focuses narrowly on sonic content in matching scenes from various non-English films and their adaptations, made relatively soon after their success in regional markets, by Hollywood. It makes the case that whereas the most memorable scenes in the ‘translation’ remakes typically look very much like their models, often they do not sound the same. Based on close comparisons of matching iconic scenes in Nikita and The Assassin, Infernal Affairs and The Departed, Ju-On and The Grudge, and Låt den rätte komma in and Let Me In, the article suggests that even when differences in sonic content are subtle they might still be substantial, so much so that they perhaps influence how the films in their entireties are read.
Biomechanical and biochemical regulation of cathepsin K expression in endothelial cells converge at AP-1 and NF-κB
Authors: Keegan Philip M. , Anbazhakan Suhaas , Kang Baolin , Pace Betty S. , Platt Manu O. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Cathepsins K and V are powerful elastases elevated in endothelial cells by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) stimulation and disturbed blood flow both of which contribute to inflammation-mediated arterial remodeling. However, mechanisms behind endothelial cell integration of biochemical and biomechanical cues to regulate cathepsin production are not known. To distinguish these mechanisms, human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were stimulated with TNFα and exposed to pro-remodeling or vasoprotective shear stress profiles. TNFα upregulated cathepsin K via JNK/c-jun activation, but vasoprotective shear stress inhibited TNFα-stimulated cathepsin K expression. JNK/c-jun were still phosphorylated, but cathepsin K mRNA levels were significantly reduced to almost null indicating separate biomechanical regulation of cathepsin K by shear stress separate from biochemical stimulation. Treatment with Bay 11-7082, an inhibitor of IκBα phosphorylation, was sufficient to block induction of cathepsin K by both pro-remodeling shear stress and TNFα, implicating NF-κB as the biomechanical regulator, and its protein levels were reduced in HAECs by vasoprotective shear stress. In conclusion, NF-κB and AP-1 activation were necessary to activate cathepsin K expression in endothelial cells, highlighting integration of biochemical and biomechanical stimuli to control cathepsins K and V, powerful elastases implicated for arterial remodeling due to chronic inflammation and disturbed blood flow.
Pedal grasping in the northern smooth-tailed treeshrew Dendrogale murina (Tupaiidae, Scandentia): insights for euarchontan pedal evolution
Authors: Youlatos Dionisios , Karantanis Nikolaos Evangelos , Panyutina Aleksandra 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPedal grasping evolution in euarchontan mammals is of great importance as it bears on the adaptive significance of specialized hallucal grasping and arboreal niche use related to the group differentiation. Basally divergent arboreal tupaiid treeshrews are very suitable for testing pedal grasping modes and associated substrate correlates and provide insights on euarchontan pedal evolution. For these purposes we filmed wild-caught
Herbert Spencer on Corporate Governance
Authors: Mingardi Alberto 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) wrote on the emergence of railroad corporations and corporate governance matters. Since Spencer is typically considered a staunch libertarian, the fact that he expressed some criticisms over the emergent corporate capitalism might surprise many. But what Spencer did was mainly identifying the so-called “agency problem,” which he considered very much worth addressing, especially in a market economy. Writing on the “railway mania,” Spencer was appalled by fraudulent schemes. But he did not consider them an inevitable feature of the capitalist economy. He focused on the institutional dimension of conflict of interests within the then-emerging corporation, and suggested to uphold freedom of contract in its strictest meaning, as to offset those. Spencer’s theory may be seen as a pure freedom of contract answer to agency problems, that stands in striking contrast with theories – such as Adolf Berle and Gardiner Means’s – that stresses the need for a technocratic solution, to make corporate capitalism viable in society.
Coase on the Coase Theorem, “The Social Cost Controversy”
Authors: Mohrman Henry 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
What did Coase teach about “The Social Cost Controversy” in the classroom? In 1972, an important year in the development of the economic approach to law, Coase taught “The Problem of Social Cost” and some important critiques of it, making his classroom a model of the market for ideas. Coase stressed the importance of his proposal for a new welfare economics, in which the opportunity cost of alternateve proposals would be examined, taking transaction costs into account. He used court cases to provide real world examples where transaction costs could be considered. He also presented a comprehensive critique of Pigou and his followers. Coase demonstrated that the nineteenth Century in Britain was not a period of unregulated laissez faire but a time when harmful effects were governed by the common law of nuisance. Accordingly, he advocated neither laissez faire nor government regulation in principle as a solution to problems of harmful effects. Instead, he proposed that problems of harmful effects be examined in their institutional settings considering the cost of transactions, examining the costs and benefits of alternative institutional arrangements. The cases he chose generally involved technical innovation which produced new benefits as well as harmful effects, producing many insights into how society responds to innovation. Coase taught “The Social Cost Controversy” in order to propose his new welfare economics. However, the content of this portion of his course had many practical applications for his students.
Uncertainty: Blessing or Curse?
Authors: Machovec Frank M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe concepts of free will and uncertainty are inseparably intertwined. This interdisciplinary essay, instead of expounding upon the technical difference between risk and uncertainty (as classically delineated by Frank Knight), assumes that both words bring to mind the same general idea to a layperson, namely, something that’s not certain to occur but may occur, whether or not the precise degree of likelihood can be calculated. With this simplification as a given, the article proceeds to analyze, first, the cultural perspective that’s a prerequisite to the existence of a belief in free will; second, the role of the limits of human knowledge in constraining the efficacy of the quest to battle uncertainty by building models of predictability and control in the physical sciences versus the social sciences; and third (and finally), the negative implications for capital-market health of attempting to satisfy, through the adoption of public policies of redress and entitlement based on a Rawlsian system of fairness, the alleged yearning by individuals to obviate distributional uncertainty.
Experimental Investigation Of Heat Transfer Characteristics Of Nanofluid Using Parallel Flow, Counter Flow And Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Dharmalingam R. , Sivagnanaprabhu K.K. , Yogaraja J. , Gunasekaran S. , Mohan R. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Cooling is indispensable for maintaining the desired performance and reliability over a very huge variety of products like electronic devices, computer, automobiles, high power laser system etc. Apart from the heat load amplification and heat fluxes caused by many industrial products, cooling is one of the major technical challenges encountered by the industries like manufacturing sectors, transportation, microelectronics, etc. Normally water, ethylene glycol and oil are being used as the fluid to carry away the heat in these devices. The development of nanofluid generally shows a better heat transfer characteristics than the water. This research work summarizes the experimental study of the forced convective heat transfer and flow characteristics of a nanofluid consisting of water and 1% Al2O3 (volume concentration) nanoparticle flowing in a parallel flow, counter flow and shell and tube heat exchanger under laminar flow conditions. The Al2O3 nanoparticles of about 50 nm diameter are used in this work. Three different mass flow rates have been selected and the experiments have been conducted and their results are reported. This result portrays that the overall heat transfer coefficient and dimensionless Nusselt number of nanofluid is slightly higher than that of the base liquid at same mass flow rate at same inlet temperature. From the experimental result it is clear that the overall heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluid increases with an increase in the mass flow rate. It shows that whenever mass flow rate increases, the overall heat transfer coefficient along with Nusselt number eventually increases irrespective of flow direction. It was also found that during the increase in mass flow rate LMTD value ultimately decreases irrespective of flow direction.
However, shell and tube heat exchanger provides better heat transfer characteristics than parallel and counter flow heat exchanger due to multi pass flow of nanofluid. The overall heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number and logarithmic mean temperature difference of the water and Al2O3 /water nanofluid are also studied and the results are plotted graphically.
3D Rekonstruktion der Flügeloberfläche eines Lannerfalken mit einem stereoskopischen Kamerasystem
Authors: Heinold Martin , Kähler Christian J. 
Published: January 2016

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird die dreidimensionale Rekonstruktion einer
gewölbten, texturierten Flügeloberfläche eines im Windkanal frei fliegenden
Lannerfalken mit Hilfe eines Stereo Kamerasystems vorgestellt. Die Verwendung
zweier Kameras ermöglicht die Ermittlung der Korrespondenz gesuchter
Oberflächenpunkte in beiden Kamerabildern und die anschließende Triangulation
der Korrespondenzpaare in räumliche Koordinaten. Die Bestimmung der
zusammengehörenden Bildpunktpaare erfolgt durch Ermittlung des
Verschiebungsfeldes zwischen den Kameras mit Hilfe eines Semi-Global Block
Matching Algorithmus. Zur Reduktion der Komplexität werden die Bilder anhand
der Epipolar Geometrie entzerrt. Die Analyse zeigt, dass sich mit diesen
Methoden die Struktur der Oberfläche eines Lannerfalken im Schlagflug und die
Bewegung innerhalb einer Zeitsequenz mit hinreichender Genauigkeit für
aerodynamische Analysen rekonstruieren lassen.
Optische Erfassung und Analyse der Faserwelligkeit gebogener
Faser-Thermoplast-Verbunde
Authors: Kosse Philipp , Soemer Evelyne , Schmitt Robert , Engel Bernd , Deitmerg Jonas 
Published: January 2016

Zusammenfassung
Bei der Formung von
Faser-Thermoplast-Verbunden (FTV)
ändert sich, aufgrund der angreifenden
Formkräfte und der verschiedenen Reaktionen der Einzelkomponenten im
Verbund darauf, die Position und Ausrichtung der Fasern
im Matrixwerkstoff. Für
FTV-Biegeprozesse mit dem Bogenverlauf in Richtung der
Faserausrichtung entsteht so u. a.
eine sichtbare Welligkeit der Fasern. Ein mögliches
Verfahren zur optischen Auswertung der Welligkeit an den Oberflächen der
Innen- und Außenbögen wird daher
untersucht. Zur Bildgebung wird ein robotergeführtes
Lichtschnittverfahren eingesetzt, um im ersten Schritt
die Geometrie der Proben zu erfassen. Anschließend
wird die Textur aufgenommen und mit der Geometrie
fusioniert. Am entstanden Bauteilmodell wird die
Länge der lokalen Faserverläufe ermittelt, um
aus dem Quotienten der Faserlänge zur Bogenlänge innerhalb eines
Messkorridors eine relative Kennzahl für die Welligkeit
abzuleiten. Die Ergebnisse werden mit geometrisch
möglichen Werten abgeglichen und zur Beurteilung des Beitrags der
Welligkeit zur Bogenlängenkompensation herangezogen.
Eine erste Validierung der Analyse erfolgt über
Wiederholungsversuche, die zeigen,
dass das vorgestellte Verfahren prinzipiell geeignet
ist, Welligkeiten über Faserlängenänderungen
zu erfassen.
Computertomographische Anatomie der Speicheldrüsen der Katze
Authors: Köhler C. , Piesnack S. , Oechtering G. , Ludewig E. , Fromme V. 
Published: January 2016

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel: Im computertomographischen Nativbild sollten anatomische Schnittbildmerkmale für die Speicheldrüsen der Katze definiert und Landmarken für eine sichere Identifikation beschrieben werden. Material und Methoden: Untersucht wurden die Köpfe ausgewachsener normozephaler Katzen ohne Hinweis auf Erkrankungen des Kopfes. Im prospektiven Anteil der Studie fand die Untersuchung bei 16 Katzen innerhalb der ersten Stunde post mortem statt, im retrospektiven Teil gelangten vorhandene computertomographische Datensätze zur Beurteilung (n = 25). Die Auswertung der Ergebnisse beider Gruppen erfolgte getrennt. Zunächst wurde die Möglichkeit der Identifizierung und Abgrenzbarkeit der Speicheldrüsen gegenüber dem umliegenden Gewebe beurteilt. Als Landmarken wurden anatomische Strukturen im Bereich des Kopfes beschrieben. Am Transversal- und Sagittalschnitt wurden Größe und Dichtewerte (Hounsfield Units, HU) bestimmt. Ergebnisse: 94,3% der Glandulae parotideae, 90,7% der Glandulae mandibulares sowie 96,8% der Glandulae zygomaticae konnten abgegrenzt werden. Weitere Speicheldrüsen ließen sich nicht identifizieren. Anatomische Landmarken wie äußerer Gehörgang, M. masseter, M. pterygoideus medialis und Bulbus oculi ermöglichten die Zuordnung. Im Größenvergleich der Speicheldrüsen beider Gruppen ergaben sich bei der lateromedialen und rostrokaudalen Messung Unterschiede von maximal 2 mm. Die abgrenzbaren Speicheldrüsen unterschieden sich in ihrer Dichte signifikant. Die mittleren Dichtewerte lagen für die Glandula (Gl.) parotis bei 65 HU, für die (Gl.) mandibularis bei 62 HU und für die (Gl.) zygomatica bei 57 HU. Beim Seitenvergleich der Dichtewerte zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied. Schlussfolgerungen: Die großen Speicheldrüsen (Gl. parotis, Gl. mandibularis) und die Gl. zygomatica der Katze sind computertomographisch sicher identifizierbar. Es konnten Landmarken und Angaben über die Größe und Dichte der einzelnen Drüsen beschrieben werden. Die kleinen Speicheldrüsen lassen sich im Nativbild nicht abgrenzen. Die unterschiedliche Darstellbarkeit beruht vor allem auf dem fehlenden Kontrast der Drüsen zum umliegenden Gewebe.
Subkutane Taenia-crassiceps-Zystizerkose bei einem Hund mit Cushing-Syndrom
Authors: Strube C. , Brämer C. , Baumgärtner W. , Wohlsein P. , Nolte A. 
Published: January 2016

ZusammenfassungDer Fall eines am Cushing-Syndrom erkrankten männlichen, 12 Jahre alten Cairn Terriers mit zwei therapieresistenten subkutanen Entzündungen wurde pathomorphologisch und parasitologisch aufgearbeitet. In der Unterhaut lagen eitrig-nekrotisierende, teils histiozytäre Entzündungen mit Kavernenbildungen vor. Intraläsional waren ca. 1–4 mm große, weiß-graue Zysten und hakenförmige Strukturen nachweisbar. Morphologisch und molekularbiologisch wurden die Zysten als Cysticercus longicollis identifiziert. In der Adenohypophyse wurde ein infiltrativ wachsendes Karzinom festgestellt. Cysticercus longicollis ist die Finne von Taenia (T.) crassiceps, ein Bandwurm von Füchsen und Kojoten. Typische Zwischenwirte stellen Kleinnager dar, in denen sich die Finne in den Körperhöhlen und der Subkutis entwickelt. Aber auch bei Haustieren und sogar dem Menschen als Fehlzwischenwirt sind subkutane Zystizerkosen bei Infektionen mit Eiern von T. crassiceps bekannt. Eine pathogenetische Bedeutung könnte im dargestellten Fall eine Immunsuppression durch das wahrscheinlich durch den Hypophysentumor verursachte Cushing-Syndrom gehabt haben.
William M. Gwin: su proyecto de colonización del noroeste de México (1864-1865)
Authors: Suárez Argüello Ana Rosa 
Published: January 2016

<p>Acuerdo de Napoleón III y Gwin, esclavista sureño y ex senador por California para colonizar los territorios de Sonora y Chihuahua con población europea, norte y sudamericana, "en beneficio del imperio mexicano". El plan fracasa por la abierta oposición de Maximiliano, que aspiraba al reconocimiento norteamericano y temía avivar la oposición mexicana.</p>
Fragmentos de historia popular III
Authors: Salgado Andrade Eva 
Published: January 2016

<p>Recuento de una experiencia de difusión popular de la independencia y revolución mexicanas, realizada por el Instituto Mora. El proyecto elaboró dos periódicos, La independencia/hoy (1810­1821) y La Revolución/hoy( 1900­1917) que recogieron, además de hechos históricos relevantes, aspectos de la vida cotidiana, cultural y artística.</p>