bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Sinus Floor Configuration on Grafted Bone Remodeling After Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation
Authors: Chen Hsuan‐Hung , Lin Yi‐Chun , Lee Shyh‐Yuan , Chang Lien‐Yu , Chen Bor‐Jian , Lai Yu‐Lin 
Published: September 2016

Background: This study investigates influence of the sinus floor configuration on dimensional stability of grafted bone height after the osteotome sinus grafting procedure.Methods: Forty single‐tooth dental implants inserted after placement of bioglass and/or allograft into the sinus area using an osteotome technique in 37 patients were evaluated in this retrospective study. Periapical radiographs were taken using the long‐cone technique before and after implant placement. Specifically, radiographic measurements of grafted bone height at the mesial and distal side of each implant were taken, and the sinus floor configuration was classified into concave, angle, and flat according to the sinus floor profile at the implant site. Furthermore, the intruding angle, defined as the angle between the implant axis and sinus floor, was measured.Results: All implants were clinically stable during a mean follow‐up period of 39.2 months. Mean initial gain of sinus grafted bone height was 7.0 ± 1.9 mm, and later it was reduced to 4.6 ± 1.9 mm at follow‐up (P <0.001). A greater reduction in grafted bone height was revealed in the flat sinus group compared with the concave group (P <0.001). Results from the linear regression showed larger intruding angles were statistically significantly associated with a greater reduction in grafted bone height (r2 = 0.55, P <0.001).Conclusion: All bioglass and/or allograft placed in the maxillary sinus after the osteotome technique underwent remodeling and shrinkage; however, the outcome of the procedure was more predictable in sinuses with a concave floor and small implant‐intruding angles.
Práticas educativas de famílias negras e relações étnico-raciais: uma experiência em formação de professores
Authors: Martins Edna , Candido Renata Marcilio 
Published: September 2016

As práticas educativas familiares têm influência direta nos processos de formação de identidade racial das crianças negras, assim como norteiam os modos como essas questões são vivenciadas nas interações sociais em contextos diversos. Esse trabalho descreve uma experiência com estudantes de um curso de formação inicial de professores de uma universidade pública da Grande São Paulo. Centrada no estudo de referenciais teóricos que versam sobre socialização primária e identidade no contexto das relações étnico-raciais, tal experiência buscou iniciar os estudantes em um projeto de iniciação à pesquisa. Com o objeto de compreender como ocorrem as práticas educativas de famílias negras com relação a socialização de suas crianças, a partir de metodologia qualitativa, o trabalho contou com dois grupos de alunos que realizaram entrevistas com 12 famílias da classe trabalhadora. Os dados analisados indicam que as práticas educativas da maioria das famílias negras entrevistadas incluem ações que se referem às relações entre cor/raça. Concluiu-se que tal experiência reafirma a relevância da inclusão de ações de pesquisa nos programas de ensino dos cursos de formação de professores, principalmente nas interfaces entre a educação científica e a questão das relações étnico-raciais, tendo em vista a formação de profissionais empenhados no trabalho de combate à discriminação racial.
Study of gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration in sediment and soil samples of three southern districts of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Latha A. Priya , Shanthi G. 
Published: September 2016

<div><p><em>Human can be exposed to the radiation emitting from different radioactive sources depending upon their activities and surroundings. Human activities have contributed to the increased concentration of some radionuclides in the environment. A survey of the gross alpha and gross beta activity in soil samples collected along the three southern districts of TamilNadu has been carried out. Determination of the gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration are done by using ZnS (Ag) and low beta counter. The gross alpha activity varies from 162.3 Bq/kg to 3679.6 Bq/kg near the sea and ranges from 107.5 Bq/kg to 1774.1 Bq/kg 150 m away from the sea. The gross alpha activity in the sub-urban area varies from 53.67 Bq/kg to 644.12 Bq/kg. The gross beta activity concentration in the soil ranges from 388.8 Bq/kg to 40111.1 Bq/kg in the coastal region (near the sea) and ranges from 669.06 Bq/kg to13278.4 Bq/kg (150 m away from the sea). While the gross beta activity concentration in the sub-urban area varies from 1103.05 Bq/kg to 4202.12 Bq/kg. The obtained values shows soil from the sampled locations may pose some long time health hazards to the public. Statistical analysis are also performed between the soil samples. <strong></strong></em></p></div>
Enrolment pattern and Profile of Scheduled Caste Girl Students
Authors: Yadav Beena , Kumari Shailja , Goel Rita , Sain Kiran 
Published: September 2016

<div><p><em>Half of the scheduled caste (SC) girl students were in the age group of 16-18 years followed by 33.0 per cent who were above 18 years of age and the age of remaining 17.0 per cent students was between 13-15 years. Maximum number of students were Haijans (34.0%) followed by dhanak (27.0%), balmiki (13.0%), odd (11.0%) and khatik (10.0%); and majbhi sikh &amp; bajigar caste respondents were less than five percent (3.0% and 2.0%, respectively). Majority of them were from joint families (78.0 %) with family size between 6-8 members (71.0%) and aspired to be graduate ( 52.0 %) and be in teaching profession (37%). Average number of siblings of the respondents was 2.48 wherein girls outnumbered boys. Illiteracy rate among their female sibling (6.9%) was more than two times higher than male siblings (2.8 %).<strong> </strong>Their mothers were home makers (48.0%) and fathers were labour (53.0%) in maximum number of cases. Majority (69.0%) of the SC girl students were from landless families. </em></p></div>
Laboratory Quantification of Environmental and Quality Risks Associated with Pneumatic Transfer of Frac Sand
Authors: Kidd Ian , Fuss-Dezelic Tihana , Shi Jingyu , Wilcox Craig , Herskovits Raphael , Kaul Todd 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
During use on the hydraulic fracturing site, proppants experience repetitive mechanical handling starting at unloading from railcars and trucks to the point of final blending with the fracturing fluid. At each point of transfer, quantities of fine dust particles develop which can affect worker safety. Due to the increase of proppant consumption per site, the industry has a concern about a corresponding increase in the time-weighted average exposure of workers to high silica dust. Recently approved changes to OSHA's crystalline silica rule require the permissible exposure limit (PEL) for respirable crystalline silica to be lower than 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air, averaged over an 8-hour shift.
This study first investigates dust generation associated with pneumatic transfer of northern white sand to sand storage units on location. A laboratory apparatus is designed to mimic location conditions and allow for continuous exposure of sand particles to 15 psi of air jet pressure. During this attrition process, generated dust is collected using a dust collection system. Weight percent and particle size of collected particles is measured. Average weight percent of collected sand is 1.6%, which, on a 10 000 000 lb job translates to a loss of 160,000 lbs of material. Particle size analysis of collected dust shows that 30% of it is below 10 microns and is by OSHA considered respirable. As attrition related changes in surface morphology affect strength performance, morphology of attrited sand grains is also evaluated via crush testing per ISO 13503-2. At 4000 psi, attrited samples measure 6 weight % higher crush than non-attrited samples.
The study also measures the effect of attrition on dust generation and mechanical stability of intermediate strength ceramic proppants. Following attrition testing, intermediate strength proppants show a 0.15% mass loss. XRD analysis of collected dust shows that none of the particles contain crystalline silica and are therefore not subjected to OSHA regulation. Mechanical performance of intermediate strength proppants, at 8,000 psi, is 1% higher on samples that were subjected to attrition than on non-attrited samples
This study further discusses advantages and limitations of designed attrition methods compared to field testing and evaluates sand dust mitigation costs.
Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Resource Estimation in Unconventional Plays Application to Eagle Ford Shales
Authors: Sinha Saurabh , Devegowda Deepak , Deka Bhabesh 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Unconventional resource plays have shaken the energy industry in last decade changing the energy import – export equation especially in United States. US shale plays now contribute towards 40% of the total natural gas production (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2012)With highly heterogeneous formations and Multi-Fractured Horizontal Wells (MFHW), resource estimation in these plays are still debatable. From sophisticated numerical simulation models to much simpler hyperbolic decline curves, none can be used with confidence to estimate resources in these shale plays.
In this paper we have described the application of multivariate statistical techniques to generate type curves (TC's) for the Arp's decline analysis. Our study includes more than 1500 wells from different fluid type's (dry gas, lean gas, rich gas and light oil) in eagle ford shale (EFS).
Data such as well logs, completion, production and geology is included in the analysis as input variables. The analysis demonstrates the application of multivariate statistical techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA), k means clustering, self-organizing maps (SOM) and multivariate regression (MVR).
Our analysis show that univariate statistics is insufficient for analyzing the data due to significant amount of heterogeneity in shale reservoirs. Using univariate statistics impact of different variables such as well spacing, condensate gas ratio (CGR), perforated lateral lengths, zipper fracture etc. cannot be accounted in a holistic way. Multivariate analysis can quantify the impact of these variables and can be used as a good predictive tool for determination of Arp's parameters.
Well Integrity and Pressure Control in Unconventional Reservoirs: A Comparative Study of Marcellus and Utica Shales
Authors: Elshehabi Tawfik , Bilgesu Ilkin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Challenges associated with Utica and Marcellus shale well integrity and safety necessities further study in order to have an effective and economic drilling operations. Objectives of this comparative study are to evaluate the impact of unscheduled well control events on wellbore integrity, as well as the influence of poor drilling practices that trigger well control emergencies in shale gas wells.
A realistic multiphase simulator is used to evaluate well control unexpected scenarios in Utica and Marcellus shales. Changing operational parameters such as wellbore profile, well control method, drilling fluid type and circulation rate in Marcellus and Utica horizontal wells are investigated. Further, this research studied the impact of influx type, size and intensity on well integrity. Behavior of dry gas, rich condensate and black oil influxes are compared in extended lateral wells. The impact of free gas migration in inclined downward laterals drilled with water based mud is compared to the influence of gas solubility in inclined upward wells drilled using synthetic oil based mud.
Preliminary results show that deeper, over-pressurized Utica shale presents more challenges compared to Marcellus shale wells. When oil based muds are used additional challenges are presented since the surface pressures and volumes are not representative of the bottom-hole conditions. Dissolved gas in oil is liberated at the bubble point pressure complicating surface kick handling procedures. Gas influx migrates and reaches surface much quicker in water based muds and inclined downward laterals. Higher the influx circulation rate, size and intensity, higher the resultant pressures and volumes and higher the risk of exceeding casing shoe fracture pressure and risking well integrity.
Drilling fluid type, properties and flow characteristics are critical for well integrity. Early detection is a key factor in minimizing kick size and properly contain pressures without violating safety and environment regulations and reduces the blowout associated risks. Accordingly, well integrity is verified by monitoring surface choke, casing shoe and constant bottomhole pressures throughout the entire well control operations.
Determination and Implication of Ultimate Water Cut in Well-Spacing Design for Reservoirs with Water Coning
Authors: Prasun S. , Wojtanowicz A. K 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Theoretically, ultimate water cut, (WCult), defines well's maximum water production for uncontained oil pay underlain with water. However, in a real multi-well reservoir well's drainage area is contained by a no-flow boundary (NFB) that would control water coning, so: (1) the ultimate water cut concept needs to be qualified, and (2) related to the well spacing size. Moreover, a simple presently-used (WCult) formula derives from other simplifying assumptions ignoring the effects of non-radial inflow, production rate and aquifer size, so: (3) the formula needs to be verified.
The study shows that in multi-well bottom-water reservoirs well production water cut would never stabilize (after initial rapid increase) but would continue increasing at slow rate dependent on the size of well's drainage area, i.e. well spacing size. There is a minimum well spacing size – correlated here with reservoir properties – above which water cut becomes practically stable at the value defined as pseudo WCult. The pseudo WCult formula is developed by considering all previously-ignored effects. Then, the formula is statistically verified in a variety of bottom-water reservoir systems using three-level parametric experimental design and sensitivity analysis of variance. It is found that most of the new physical effects are statistically insignificant so, in practical applications, the pseudo WCult values can be computed from the conventional WCult formula for well spacing greater than the value defined by the minimum well spacing correlation.
The pseudo WCult concept and value has potential practical use for well spacing design in the strong-bottom-water reservoirs with known value of the water cut economic limit, WCec, determined for the breakeven (zero-profit) cost of daily production. When the WC economic margin (WCec – WCult) is large, well spacing has little effect on the final recovery (when water cut becomes equal to WCec). Thus, well spacing could be designed for the same value of recovery by finding optimum number of wells for maximum return on investment using the time-value-of money (NPV) approach. However, when the WC economic margin is small or negative, reservoir development decision should also consider increase of final recovery for smaller well spacing.
Etnicidad en clave histórica: Categorías jurídicas coloniales y cultura maya en el siglo XVI
Authors: Cunill Caroline 
Published: September 2016

Desde hace algunas décadas el tema de la etnicidad se encuentra en el centro de debates, donde se juega el reconocimiento de un conjunto de derechos para los pueblos indígenas por parte de los Estados nacionales de los países de América Latina. Esta problemática tuvo eco en la academia, de modo que varios estudios, desde la antropología hasta las ciencias políticas, analizaron tanto los movimientos étnicos como las respuestas que les dieron instituciones y organizaciones, nacionales o internacionales, gubernamentales o extragubernamentales. El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre la posibilidad de proporcionar a estas cuestiones contemporáneas un enfoque histórico sin caer en el anacronismo. A continuación se analizan los procesos que condujeron a la creación de categorías jurídicas que fueron aplicadas a diversas poblaciones indígenas de América por la Corona española en el siglo XVI. También se estudia la manera en que estos pueblos, a su vez, utilizaron estas categorías, las rechazaron o las combinaron con otras para defender sus intereses y situarse en el nuevo orden sociopolítico y simbólico impuesto por la Monarquía hispana. El escrito se enfoca en la población maya de Yucatán y en las respuestas que sus integrantes aportaron a la política imperial a lo largo del primer siglo de colonización.
Clinical Reasoning: Survey of Teaching Methods, Integration, and Assessment in Entry-Level Physical Therapist Academic Education
Authors: Christensen Nicole , Black Lisa , Furze Jennifer , Huhn Karen , Vendrely Ann , Wainwright Susan 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background
Although clinical reasoning abilities are important learning outcomes of physical therapist entry-level education, best practice standards have not been established to guide clinical reasoning curricular design and learning assessment.

Objective
This research explored how clinical reasoning is currently defined, taught, and assessed in physical therapist entry-level education programs.

Design
A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was administered to physical therapist program representatives.

Methods
An electronic 24-question survey was distributed to the directors of 207 programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education. Descriptive statistical analysis and qualitative content analysis were performed. Post hoc demographic and wave analyses revealed no evidence of nonresponse bias.

Results
A response rate of 46.4% (n=96) was achieved. All respondents reported that their programs incorporated clinical reasoning into their curricula. Only 25% of respondents reported a common definition of clinical reasoning in their programs. Most respondents (90.6%) reported that clinical reasoning was explicit in their curricula, and 94.8% indicated that multiple methods of curricular integration were used. Instructor-designed materials were most commonly used to teach clinical reasoning (83.3%). Assessment of clinical reasoning included practical examinations (99%), clinical coursework (94.8%), written examinations (87.5%), and written assignments (83.3%). Curricular integration of clinical reasoning–related self-reflection skills was reported by 91%.

Limitations
A large number of incomplete surveys affected the response rate, and the program directors to whom the survey was sent may not have consulted the faculty members who were most knowledgeable about clinical reasoning in their curricula. The survey construction limited some responses and application of the results.

Conclusions
Although clinical reasoning was explicitly integrated into program curricula, it was not consistently defined, taught, or assessed within or between the programs surveyed—resulting in significant variability in clinical reasoning education. These findings support the need for the development of best educational practices for clinical reasoning curricula and learning assessment.
Intraoperative image updating for brain shift following dural opening
Authors: Fan Xiaoyao , Roberts David W. , Schaewe Timothy J. , Ji Songbai , Holton Leslie H. , Simon David A. , Paulsen Keith D. 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVEPreoperative magnetic resonance images (pMR) are typically coregistered to provide intraoperative navigation, the accuracy of which can be significantly compromised by brain deformation. In this study, the authors generated updated MR images (uMR) in the operating room (OR) to compensate for brain shift due to dural opening, and evaluated the accuracy and computational efficiency of the process.METHODSIn 20 open cranial neurosurgical cases, a pair of intraoperative stereovision (iSV) images was acquired after dural opening to reconstruct a 3D profile of the exposed cortical surface. The iSV surface was registered with pMR to detect cortical displacements that were assimilated by a biomechanical model to estimate whole-brain nonrigid deformation and produce uMR in the OR. The uMR views were displayed on a commercial navigation system and compared side by side with the corresponding coregistered pMR. A tracked stylus was used to acquire coordinate locations of features on the cortical surface that served as independent positions for calculating target registration errors (TREs) for the coregistered uMR and pMR image volumes.RESULTSThe uMR views were visually more accurate and well aligned with the iSV surface in terms of both geometry and texture compared with pMR where misalignment was evident. The average misfit between model estimates and measured displacements was 1.80 ± 0.35 mm, compared with the average initial misfit of 7.10 ± 2.78 mm between iSV and pMR, and the average TRE was 1.60 ± 0.43 mm across the 20 patients in the uMR image volume, compared with 7.31 ± 2.82 mm on average in the pMR cases. The iSV also proved to be accurate with an average error of 1.20 ± 0.37 mm. The overall computational time required to generate the uMR views was 7–8 minutes.CONCLUSIONSThis study compensated for brain deformation caused by intraoperative dural opening using computational model–based assimilation of iSV cortical surface displacements. The uMR proved to be more accurate in terms of model-data misfit and TRE in the 20 patient cases evaluated relative to pMR. The computational time was acceptable (7–8 minutes) and the process caused minimal interruption of surgical workflow.
Familial occurrence of brain arteriovenous malformation: a novel ACVRL1 mutation detected by whole exome sequencing
Authors: Yılmaz Baran , Toktaş Zafer Orkun , Akakın Akın , Işık Semra , Bilguvar Kaya , Kılıç Türker , Günel Murat 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVEBrain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can occur in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). However, brain AVM without HHT has also been reported. Using whole exome sequencing, the authors performed comprehensive genomic characterization of a 6-person Turkish family with 3 cases of brain AVM without HHT.METHODSThree siblings with brain AVM, one of whom also had spinal AVM, were evaluated. The parents and the fourth sibling had no AVM on cranial MRI. The authors performed a whole exome capture and Illumina sequencing on blood samples from 2 siblings with AVM.RESULTSAn ACVRL1 heterozygous mutation (p.Lys332Glu) was identified in 2 patients via whole exome sequencing. Variant segregation was confirmed using direct Sanger sequencing.CONCLUSIONSStudy results suggested that whole exome sequencing analysis is particularly useful in cases of locus heterogeneity and uncertain diagnostic classification schemes in patients with hereditary brain AVM.