bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INDOOR MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION AND ITS RELATION TO PHYSICAL INDOOR AIR QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS AT SELECTED LIBRARIES IN PAHANG
Authors: A. Hizrri, , H. Khadijah, , N. Noor Faizul Hadry, , A. Norhidayah, , M. A. Mohd Shukri, 
Published: December 2015

Library contains huge collection of books that can undergo biodeterioration process after period of time. Due to this biological reaction, the existence of airborne particulate matters and microbes in the air of the library can be disturbed and elevated, thus can cause health implications to occupants. Therefore, it is an urge to assess and understand the correlation between physical indoor air quality (IAQ) characteristics, airborne pollutants and microbial contaminants in different library settings and locations. This study was carried out at three different libraries, which are Library A (Gambang as suburban area), Library B (Kuantan as urban area) and Library C (Pekan as rural area). The physical IAQ characteristics and particulate matter (PM) monitoring were assessed by using IAQ Meter and DustMate respectively. Surface Air System IAQ (SAS IAQ) was used to collect the airborne microbes. The microbial contamination was further assessed and identified in the laboratory by using API 20E and API 20 Strep while SPSS was used to analyze the relationship of physical IAQ characteristics, airborne pollutants and airborne microbes contaminants. The scientific method protocol and standard reference limits were compared based on Industrial Code of Practise on Indoor Air Quality, 2010 (ICOP, 2010) regulated by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH). Respirable PM in Library A and CFU counts in Library A and C exceeded the standard limit with the value of 0.30 mg/m3, 2744 CFU/m3 and 1833 CFU/m3 respectively. Significant differences (p <0.05) between the selected libraries were observed among relative humidity (p=0.001), inhalable PM (p=0.001), thoracic PM (p=0.001), respirable PM (p=0.01), CO2 reading (p=0.001) and CFU counts (p=0.01). This study demonstrated Library C has poor air quality as the reading for CO2 and CFU counts are very high compared with the other two libraries. The bacterial identification findings indicated that Gram positive bacteria were abundant compared to Gram negative bacteria. Aerococcus viridans is the most dominant type of bacteria isolated in all the libraries.
CHARACTERIZATION OF COLLAGEN (IV) MRNA IN CELL LINES OF BREAST CANCER
Authors: Mat Yusof Afzan , Mohammad Mardhiah , Syed Bahrom Sharifah Norbaizura , Mohideen Syahirah Kaja , Roshdi Ridhwan , Parman Adibah 
Published: December 2015

Breast cancer incidence rate has increased in the 5 recent years with 14% increases in mortality. The structural change in the collagen chain has led to alterations in the cancer cells. Various biological processes, such as differentiation or gene expression, are regulated through extracelullar matrix (ECM)[1]. The restructuring of the collagenous architecture in the hypoxic microenvironment may influence the invasive growth of the cancer cells. With the increased stress within the cell, the invasion of cancer cells into the ECM was triggered. This cell lines model would enable the exploration of the relationship between the extracellular matrices component and the tumor proliferation. The aim of this study is to characterize the collagen (IV) mRNA expression in the breast cancer cell. Breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines were cultured and harvested upon confluent. The RNA was extracted from the cell lines and then the cDNA were synthesized. The collagen (IV) mRNA levels in breast cancer cell lines were measured using real time PCR and GAPDH was used as an internal control. The level of COL4A2 (IV) mRNA expression was higher compared with COL4A1 (IV) mRNA. The level of COL4A5 (IV) mRNA was reduced significantly in breast cancer cells lines. Overall, the expression of COL4A1-A6 (IV) was reduced. The reduced amount of collagen (IV) in breast cancer cell lines suggested that the collagen was restructured and this has triggered the tumor invasion into the ECM.
SEQUENCE AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS GENOTYPE VII ISOLATED IN MALAYSIA DURING 1999-2012
Authors: Shohaimi Syamsiah Aini , Ahmad Raus Raha , Geok Huai Ong , Mohamed Asmayatim Basirah , Nayan Nursyuwari , Mat Yusuf Afzan 
Published: December 2015

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a contagious viral disease of many avian species particularly domestic poultry, and is responsible for causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry in Southeast Asia including Malaysia. Here we report the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of NDV that has been circulating in Malaysia. A total of 151 NDV isolates were selected during 1999-2012 throughout Malaysia and were characterized phylogenetically. The partial region of matrix (M) and fusion (F) protein of NDV was amplified by reverse transcriptase PCR, directly sequenced and compared genetically to the published sequences obtained from GenBank. The deduced amino acid sequence of the F protein cleavage site revealed the presence of three different motifs; 112RRRKRF117, 112RRQKRF117 typical for velogenic strains while 112GKQGRL117 indicates it is from avirulent strain or lentogenic strain. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that 13 isolates belonged to genotype I, 2 to genotype III, 6 to genotype VI, 1 to genotype VIII and 129 to genotype VII. Isolates belonging to genotype VII were further divided into five subgenotypes; VIIa, VIIb, VIId, VIIe and VIIh. Based on the phylogenetic tree and geographical data, it is found that NDV genotype VIIb and VIIe were isolated in 1999 while in year 2000 to 2009, most of the NDV isolates were NDV genotype VIId originated from China. No subgenotype VIId viruses were recovered after 2009 in Malaysia. In 2010-2012, NDV outbreaks were caused by subgenotypes VIIa and VIIh in Peninsular Malaysia. Interestingly, these subgenotypes have been isolated in East Malaysia since 2002 but did not cause major outbreak. These information points to the existence of multiple genotypes of NDV in Malaysia especially genotype VII and these findings emphasize the importance of continuous surveillance of NDV in Malaysia.
Sex differences in vascular endothelial function and health in humans: impacts of exercise
Authors: Green Daniel J. , Hopkins Nicola D. , Jones Helen , Thijssen Dick H. J. , Eijsvogels Thijs M. H. , Yeap Bu B. 
Published: December 2015

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
This brief review discusses potential sex differences in arterial function across the age span, with special emphasis on the effects of oestrogen and testosterone on the vascular endothelium.

What advances does it highlight?
We discuss the relationship between the impacts of sex hormones on arterial function and health in the context of epidemiological evidence pertaining to the menopause and ageing. Studies performed in humans are emphasized, alongside insights from animal studies. Findings suggest that the combination of exercise and hormone administration should be potentially synergistic or additive in humans.

This brief review presents historical evidence for the purported impacts of male and female sex hormones on the vasculature in humans, including effects on macro‐ and microvascular function and health. Impacts of ageing on hormonal changes and arterial function are considered in the context of the menopause. Physiological data are presented alongside clinical outcomes from large trials, in an attempt to rationalize disparate findings along the bench‐to‐bedside continuum. Finally, the theoretical likelihood that exercise and hormone treatment may induce synergistic and/or additive vascular adaptations is developed in the context of recent laboratory studies that have compared male and female responses to training. Differences between men and women in terms of the impact of age and cardiorespiratory fitness on endothelial function are addressed. Ultimately, this review highlights the paucity of high‐quality and compelling evidence regarding the fundamental impact, in humans, of sex differences on arterial function and the moderating impacts of exercise on arterial function, adaptation and health at different ages in either sex.
Clinical and radiological results after coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction for type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation using three different techniques. A retrospective study
Authors: Vascellari Alberto , Schiavetti Stefano , Battistella Giuseppe , Rebuzzi Enrico , Coletti Nicolò 
Published: December 2015

Purpose: the purpose of this retrospective study was to present the outcomes of three different techniques for the treatment of type III acromioclavicular joint dislocations: arthroscopic TightRope (TR), arthroscopic GraftRope (GR), and open reconstruction of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligament using the Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System (LARS).
Methods: eighteen patients underwent clinical and radiological evaluations after a mean follow-up time of 43 months. The following clinical outcome measures were considered: the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand outcome measure (DASH), the Nottingham Clavicle Score (NCS), and the Constant score (CS). On X-rays, the CC distance was measured.
Results: the median DASH score at follow-up was 12.5 in the TR group, 5 in the GR group, and 4.2 in the LARS group. The median NCS value was 88 in the TR group, 88 in the GR group, and 91 in the LARS group. The median CS was 100 in the TR group, 95 in the GR group, and 94.5 in the LARS group. The mean CC distance was 10.3 mm in the TR group, 13.8 in the GR group, and 16.6 in the LARS group.
Conclusions: all three techniques proved to be reliable in providing good clinical outcomes, although none of the studied techniques demonstrated reliability in maintaining anatomical reduction after surgery.
Level of evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a novel porcine xenograft: the initial Italian experience
Authors: Zaffagnini Stefano , Grassi Alberto , Muccioli Giulio Maria Marcheggiani , Di Sarsina Tommaso , Raggi Federico , Benzi Andrea , Marcacci Maurilio 
Published: December 2015

At the current state of the art in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, multiple techniques have been presented but none has given clearly defined and improved results.One of the main issues concerns the choice of graft. The concept of using xenograft tissue, defined as a graft tissue from one species and destined for implantation in an unlike species, was introduced in order to try to overcome the mechanical and biological concerns associated with synthetic materials and the safety and quality concerns and availability problems of allograft tissue. Xenograft tissue carries the risk of producing an immunological reaction. In order to try to overcome or attenuate the immune response against porcine xenograft tissue, the Z-Process® (Aperion Biologics Inc, San Antonio, Texas, USA) has been developed and used to produce the Z-Lig® family of devices for ACL reconstruction procedures. Z-Lig® is a tendon graft with or without bone blocks, sourced from animal tissue in a manner consistent with what has normally been sourced from human tissue, and processed to overcome anti-Gal-mediated rejection and to attenuate other immunological recognition in humans. All this while ensuring sterility, viral inactivation and preservation of mechanical proprieties appropriate for an ACL reconstruction device. The Z-Lig® device has been tested in skeletally mature monkeys and given interesting and promising results from the preclinical performance and safety profile point of view. On this basis, it was possible to proceed with the first clinical trial involving humans, which gave similar encouraging results.The Z-Lig® device has also been implanted in Italy at the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute in Bologna, as a part of international multicenter prospective randomized blinded controlled study aimed at comparing xenograft with allograft tissue.
La imagen en el contexto de la violencia en Colombia: Un acercamiento a distintas perspectivas.
Authors: Castaño Giraldo Etna Mairen , Avella Estrada Alejandra , Arango Alejandra , Sanchez Carlos 
Published: December 2015

<p>El presente artículo hace parte de los avances del proyecto de investigación Imagen, violencia política y formación: perspectivas de análisis en Colombia, adscrito al centro de investigaciones de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional ; el cual, tuvo como propósito llevar a cabo un estado del arte de los estudios sobre el lugar de la imagen en relación a la violencia política en Colombia. En este artículo se presenta el trabajo de varios autores que entre el 2000 y 2010 han adelantado investigaciones en torno a dos categorías de análisis: imagen y violencia; para finalmente, señalar rasgos comunes entre distintas perspectivas que ofrecen formas de comprensión de la imagen y su vínculo con la violencia política en el contexto colombiano. </p>
The Effect of Intensity on 3-Dimensional Kinematics and Coordination in Front-Crawl Swimming
Authors: de Jesus Kelly , Sanders Ross , de Jesus Karla , Ribeiro João , Figueiredo Pedro , Vilas-Boas João P. , Fernandes Ricardo J. 
Published: December 2015

Background:Coaches are often challenged to optimize swimmers’ technique at different training and competition intensities, but 3-dimensional (3D) analysis has not been conducted for a wide range of training zones.Purpose:To analyze front-crawl 3D kinematics and interlimb coordination from low to severe swimming intensities.Methods:Ten male swimmers performed a 200-m front crawl at 7 incrementally increasing paces until exhaustion (0.05-m/s increments and 30-s intervals), with images from 2 cycles in each step (at the 25- and 175-m laps) being recorded by 2 surface and 4 underwater video cameras. Metabolic anaerobic threshold (AnT) was also assessed using the lactate-concentration–velocity curve-modeling method.Results:Stroke frequency increased, stroke length decreased, hand and foot speed increased, and the index of interlimb coordination increased (within a catch-up mode) from low to severe intensities (P ≤ .05) and within the 200-m steps performed above the AnT (at or closer to the 4th step; P ≤ .05). Concurrently, intracyclic velocity variations and propelling efficiency remained similar between and within swimming intensities (P > .05).Conclusions:Swimming intensity has a significant impact on swimmers’ segmental kinematics and interlimb coordination, with modifications being more evident after the point when AnT is reached. As competitive swimming events are conducted at high intensities (in which anaerobic metabolism becomes more prevalent), coaches should implement specific training series that lead swimmers to adapt their technique to the task constraints that exist in nonhomeostatic race conditions.
Revisiting Asynchronous Linear Solvers
Authors: Avron Haim , Druinsky Alex , Gupta Anshul 
Published: December 2015

Asynchronous methods for solving systems of linear equations have been researched since Chazan and Miranker's [1969] pioneering paper on chaotic relaxation. The underlying idea of asynchronous methods is to avoid processor idle time by allowing the processors to continue to make progress even if not all progress made by other processors has been communicated to them.
Historically, the applicability of asynchronous methods for solving linear equations has been limited to certain restricted classes of matrices, such as diagonally dominant matrices. Furthermore, analysis of these methods focused on proving convergence in the limit. Comparison of the asynchronous convergence rate with its synchronous counterpart and its scaling with the number of processors have seldom been studied and are still not well understood.
In this article, we propose a randomized shared-memory asynchronous method for general symmetric positive definite matrices. We rigorously analyze the convergence rate and prove that it is linear and is close to that of the method's synchronous counterpart if the processor count is not excessive relative to the size and sparsity of the matrix. We also present an algorithm for unsymmetric systems and overdetermined least-squares. Our work presents a significant improvement in the applicability of asynchronous linear solvers as well as in their convergence analysis, and suggests randomization as a key paradigm to serve as a foundation for asynchronous methods.
Influence of Sex on Long-Term Outcomes After Implantation of Bare-Metal Stent
Authors: Yamaji Kyohei , Shiomi Hiroki , Morimoto Takeshi , Toyota Toshiaki , Ono Koh , Furukawa Yutaka , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Kadota Kazushige , Ando Kenji , Shirai Shinichi , Kato Masayuki , Takatsu Yoshiki , Doi Osamu , Kambara Hirofumi , Suwa Satoru , Onodera Tomoya , Watanabe Hirotoshi , Natsuaki Masahiro , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: December 2015

Background—
Female sex was reported to be associated with lower risk for midterm restenosis and repeat revascularization after bare-metal stent implantation. However, the influence of sex on very long-term outcomes after bare-metal stent implantation has not been yet reported.

Methods and Results—

Among the 9877 patients in the multicenter Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome study in Kyoto (CREDO-Kyoto) registry cohort-1, bare-metal stent implantation was performed in 5313 patients (men, n=3742 and women, n=1571). Follow-up was completed in 4515 patients (85.0%) at 10 years (duration, 10.3±3.1 [0.0–14.1] years). The cumulative incidence of target-lesion revascularization (TLR) was 27% at 1 year and 34% at 10 years (0.8%/y beyond 1 year). Non–target-lesion revascularization (non-TLR) was the dominant coronary revascularization beyond 1 year (13% at 1 year and 31% at 10 years [2.0%/y beyond 1 year]). Cumulative incidence of stent thrombosis was low (1.2% at 1 year and 1.9% at 10 years). Women were older and had greater prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors than men. The cumulative 10-year incidences of and adjusted risk for TLR were significantly higher in men than in women (36% versus 30%,
P
<0.001; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–1.46;
P
<0.001). The higher risk of men relative to women for TLR was consistent regardless of age (<75 years and ≥75 years). Men in comparison with women were also associated with significantly higher adjusted risks for all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery bypass grafting, TLR, and non-TLR.

Conclusions—
TLR and stent thrombosis continued to occur without attenuation up to 10 years after bare-metal stent implantation. Men in comparison with women were associated with higher adjusted 10-year risks for all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery bypass grafting, TLR, and non-TLR.
Membrane-associated collagens with interrupted triple-helices (MACITs): evolution from a bilaterian common ancestor and functional conservation in C. elegans
Authors: Tu Hongmin , Huhtala Pirkko , Lee Hang-Mao , Adams Josephine C. , Pihlajaniemi Taina 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundCollagens provide structural support and guidance cues within the extracellular matrix of metazoans. Mammalian collagens XIII, XXIII and XXV form a unique subgroup of type II transmembrane proteins, each comprising a short N-terminal cytosolic domain, a transmembrane domain and a largely collagenous ectodomain. We name these collagens as MACITs (Membrane-Associated Collagens with Interrupted Triple-helices), and here investigate their evolution and conserved properties. To date, these collagens have been studied only in mammals. Knowledge of the representation of MACITs in other extant metazoans is lacking. This question is of interest for understanding structural/functional relationships in the MACIT family and also for insight into the evolution of MACITs in relation to the secreted, fibrillar collagens that are present throughout the metazoa.ResultsMACITs are restricted to bilaterians and are represented in the Ecdysozoa, Hemichordata, Urochordata and Vertebrata (Gnathostomata). They were not identified in available early-diverging metazoans, Lophotrochozoa, Echinodermata, Cephalochordata or Vertebrata (Cyclostomata). Whereas invertebrates encode a single MACIT, collagens XIII/XXIII/XXV of jawed vertebrates are paralogues that originated from the two rounds ofen-blocgenome duplication occurring early in vertebrate evolution. MACITs have conserved domain architecture in which a juxta-membrane furin-cleavage site and the C-terminal 34 residues are especially highly conserved, whereas the cytoplasmic domains are weakly conserved. To study protein expression and function in a metazoan with a single MACIT gene, we focused onCaenorhabditis elegansand itscol-99gene. Acol-99cDNA was cloned and expressed as protein in mammalian CHO cells, two antibodies against COL-99 protein were generated, and acol-99-bearing fosmid gene constructcol-99::egfp::flagwas used to generate transgenicC. eleganslines. The encoded COL-99 polypeptide is 85 kDa in size and forms a trimeric protein. COL-99 is plasma membrane-associated and undergoes furin-dependent ectodomain cleavage and shedding. COL-99 is detected in mouth, pharynx, body wall and the tail, mostly in motor neurons and muscle systems and is enriched at neuromuscular junctions.ConclusionsThrough identification of MACITs in multiple metazoan phyla we developed a model for the evolution of MACITs. The experimental data demonstrate conservation of MACIT molecular and cellular properties and tissue localisations in the invertebrate,C. elegans.
A chemosynthetic weed: the tubeworm Sclerolinum contortum is a bipolar, cosmopolitan species
Authors: Georgieva Magdalena N. , Wiklund Helena , Bell James B. , Eilertsen Mari H. , Mills Rachel A. , Little Crispin T. S. , Glover Adrian G. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background
Sclerolinum (Annelida: Siboglinidae) is a genus of small, wiry deep-sea tubeworms that depend on an endosymbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria for their nutrition, notable for their ability to colonise a multitude of reducing environments. Since the early 2000s, a Sclerolinum population has been known to inhabit sediment-hosted hydrothermal vents within the Bransfield Strait, Southern Ocean, and whilst remaining undescribed, it has been suggested to play an important ecological role in this ecosystem. Here, we show that the Southern Ocean Sclerolinum population is not a new species, but more remarkably in fact belongs to the species S. contortum, first described from an Arctic mud volcano located nearly 16,000 km away.

Results
Our new data coupled with existing genetic studies extend the range of this species across both polar oceans and the Gulf of Mexico. Our analyses show that the populations of this species are structured on a regional scale, with greater genetic differentiation occurring between rather than within populations. Further details of the external morphology and tube structure of S. contortum are revealed through confocal and SEM imaging, and the ecology of this worm is discussed.

Conclusions
These results shed further insight into the plasticity and adaptability of this siboglinid group to a range of reducing conditions, and into the levels of gene flow that occur between populations of the same species over a global extent.