bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New acrylamide‐based monomer containing metal chelating units: Homopolymer grafted magnetite nanoparticles via ATRP for the magnetic removal of Co(II) ions
Authors: Mirzaeinejad Masoumeh , Mansoori Yagoub , Koohi‐Zargar Behzad 
Published: December 2017

In this research, we synthesized and characterized a new acrylamide‐based monomer containing pyridine and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moieties, N‐(4‐(5‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)phenyl)acrylamide (POPA). Poly(POPA)‐grafted magnetite nanoparticles were then obtained via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The grafted nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared analysis, scanning electron microscopy, wide angle X‐ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The amount of the grafted polymer was 126 mg/g, as calculated from thermo gravimetric analysis experiment. The capability of poly(POPA)‐g‐magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) to remove Co(II) cations, under optimal time period, pH and adsorbent mass, was shown by atomic absorption. The adsorption kinetics obeyed the pseudo–second‐order kinetic equation, and the adsorption isotherm was best described by the Freundlich model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 59.90 mg/g. In addition, the poly(POPA)‐g‐MNPs were regenerated by simply washing with an aqueous 0.1M HCl solution, and no considerable decrease was observed in the extraction efficiency following the test of up to 7 cycles. These findings suggest that poly(POPA)‐g‐MNPs are stable and reusable adsorbent, and they could be potentially applied to water treatments for an efficient removal of Co(II) cations.
Maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels during pregnancy and childhood lung function and asthma. The Generation R Study
Authors: Pereira de Jesus Sabrina M. C. B. , den Dekker Herman T. , de Jongste Johan C. , Reiss Irwin K. , Steegers Eric A. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Duijts Liesbeth 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the associations of maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels during pregnancy with childhood lung function and asthma, and whether adverse pregnancy outcomes and atopic predisposition modify the associations.MethodsIn a population‐based prospective cohort study among 3672 subjects, we measured maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in early pregnancy, and lung function by spirometry and current asthma by questionnaire at age 10 years.ResultsHigher maternal hematocrit levels, both continuously and categorized into clinical cut‐offs, were associated with lower forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF75) in children (Z‐score (95%CI): −0.04 (−0.07, −0.01), per increase of 1 SDS in hematocrit level; Z‐score (95%CI) difference: −0.11 (−0.20, −0.03) compared with normal hematocrit levels, respectively), taking lifestyle and socio‐economic factors into account. Adverse pregnancy outcomes and atopic predisposition did not modify the results. No associations of maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit with current asthma were observed.ConclusionHigher maternal hematocrit levels during pregnancy are associated with lower childhood lung function but not with risk of asthma. Adverse pregnancy outcomes and atopic predisposition do not modify these associations. Underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.
Synergistic Lysosomal Activatable Polymeric Nanoprobe Encapsulating pH Sensitive Imidazole Derivative for Tumor Diagnosis
Authors: Chen Xiaohong , Chen Ziwen , Hu Benhui , Cai Pingqiang , Wang Sa , Xiao Shuzhang , Wu Yun‐Long , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDeveloping optical tumor imaging probes with minimal background noise is very important for its early detection of small lesions and accurate diagnosis of cancer. To overcome the bottleneck of low signal to noise ratio and sensitivity, it needs further improvement in fluorescent probe design and understanding of tumor development process. Recent reports reveal that lysosome's acidity in cancer cells can be below 4.5 with high Na+/H+ exchange activity, which makes it an ideal target intracellular organelle for cancer diagnosis based on the variation of pH. Herein, a boron 2‐(2′‐pyridyl) imidazole complex derivative (BOPIM‐N) is developed, with the ability to show a pH‐activatable “OFF–ON” fluorescent switch by inhibiting twisted intramolecular charge transfer upon protonation at pH 3.8–4.5, which is studied for its selective viable cancer cell imaging ability in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Interestingly, BOPIM‐N can specifically emit green fluorescence in lysosomes of cancer cells, indicating its promising cancer cell specific imaging ability. More importantly, nanoformulated BOPIM‐N probes can be specifically light‐ON in tumor bearing site of nude mice with resolution up to cellular level, indicating its potential application in tumor diagnosis and precision medicine.
3D‐Printing of Functional Biomedical Microdevices via Light‐ and Extrusion‐Based Approaches
Authors: Hwang Henry H. , Zhu Wei , Victorine Grace , Lawrence Natalie , Chen Shaochen 
Published: December 2017

Abstract3D‐printing is a powerful additive manufacturing tool, one that enables fabrication of biomedical devices and systems that would otherwise be challenging to create with more traditional methods such as machining or molding. Many different classes of 3D‐printing technologies exist, most notably extrusion‐based and light‐based 3D‐printers, which are popular in consumer markets, with advantages and limitations for each modality. The focus here is primarily on showcasing the ability of these 3D‐printing platforms to create different types of functional biomedical microdevices—their advantages and limitations are covered with respect to other classes of 3D‐printing, as well as the past, recent, and future efforts to advance the functional microdevice domain. In particular, the fabrication of micromachines/robotics, drug‐delivery devices, biosensors, and microfluidics is addressed. The current challenges associated with 3D‐printing of functional microdevices are also addressed, as well as future directions to improve both the printing techniques and the performance of the printed products.
Intergenerational transmission of violence and resilience in conflict-affected Burundi: a qualitative study of why some children thrive despite duress
Authors: Berckmoes L. H. , de Jong J. T. V. M. , Reis R. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundResearch suggests that in environments where community conflict and violence are chronic or cyclical, caregiving can impact how children may begin to reproduce violence throughout the various stages of their lives. The aim of this study is to understand how caregiving affects processes of reproducing violence and resilience among children in conflict-affected Burundi.MethodsWe combined a socio-ecological model of child development with a child-actor perspective. We operationalized the core concepts ‘vulnerable household’, ‘resilience’, and ‘caregiving’ iteratively in culturally relevant ways, and put children's experiences at the center of the inquiry. We carried out a comparative case study among 74 purposively sampled vulnerable households in sixcollinesin threecommunesin three provinces in the interior of Burundi. Burundian field researchers conducted three consecutive interviews; with the head of the household, the main caregiver, and a child.ResultsOur findings reveal a strong congruence between positive caregiving and resilience among children. Negative caregiving was related to negative social behavior among children. Other resources for resilience appeared to be limited. The overall level of household conditions and embedment in communities attested to a generalized fragile ecological environment.ConclusionsIn conflict-affected socio-ecological environments, caregiving can impact children's functioning and their role in reproducing violence. Interventions that support caregivers in positive caregiving are promising for breaking cyclical violence.
Ethnic Diversity, Segregation and Ethnocentric Trust in Africa
Authors: Robinson Amanda Lea 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEthnic diversity is generally associated with less social capital and lower levels of trust. However, most empirical evidence for this relationship is focused ongeneralized trust, rather than more theoretically appropriate measures ofgroup-based trust. This article evaluates the relationship between ethnic diversity – at the national, regional and local levels – and the degree to which coethnics are trusted more than non-coethnics, a value referred to here as the ‘coethnic trust premium’. Using public opinion data from sixteen African countries, this study finds that citizens of ethnically diverse states express, on average, more ethnocentric trust. However, within countries, regional ethnic diversity is associated with less ethnocentric trust. This same negative pattern between diversity and ethnocentric trust appears across districts and enumeration areas within Malawi. The article then shows, consistent with these patterns, that diversity is only detrimental to intergroup trust at the national level when ethnic groups are spatially segregated. These results highlight the importance of the spatial distribution of ethnic groups on intergroup relations, and question the utility of micro-level studies of interethnic interactions for understanding macro-level group dynamics.
SAVING FAITH: STOCKHAUSEN AND SPIRITUALITY
Authors: Maconie Robin 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTInvited in 2011 by Robert Sholl and Sander van Maas to contribute to a proposed symposium on the spiritual in late twentieth-century music, I accepted, not because I agreed with the project and its aims, but to defend Stockhausen's character and reputation from convenient misrepresentation. Sin and virtue, spirituality and the spiritual life ask to be addressed in terms of actual works and personal witness – in my own case, not least given the composer's complaint late in life: ‘You have to watch out for Maconie's nihilism’. The test of spirituality inevitably entails scrutinizing the motives of former Stockhausen disciples who changed their minds, among them two English composers of my own generation, Jonathan Harvey and John Tavener, who have since passed away. In 2014 the opening sentence of the present paper provided theologian and Stockhausen-forum editor Thomas Ulrich with an amusing starting-point (‘Suffering? How very Protestant!’) for just the second of a trickle of online discussions of largely pathetic inconsequence.
Worcestobiidae – a new Triassic family of Mecoptera, based on species removed from the family Orthophlebiidae
Authors: Soszyńska-Maj Agnieszka , Krzemiński Wiesław , Kopeć Katarzyna , Coram Robert A. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTA new family, Worcestobiidae fam. nov., is established for two Triassic fossil species of Mecoptera removed from the family Orthophlebiidae: Orthophlebia gigantea Tillyard, 1933 and O. haradai Ueda, 1991. A new genus, Worcestobia gen. nov., is erected and both species are transferred to this genus. The new taxa were established as a result of ongoing taxonomic work on Orthophlebiidae, one of the most problematic families within fossil Mecoptera, considered to be a paraphyletic group of species.
Ash leaf metabolomes reveal differences between trees tolerant and susceptible to ash dieback disease
Authors: Sambles Christine M. , Salmon Deborah L. , Florance Hannah , Howard Thomas P. , Smirnoff Nicholas , Nielsen Lene R. , McKinney Lea V. , Kjær Erik D. , Buggs Richard J. A. , Studholme David J. , Grant Murray 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEuropean common ash,Fraxinus excelsior, is currently threatened by Ash dieback (ADB) caused by the fungus,Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. To detect and identify metabolites that may be products of pathways important in contributing to resistance againstH. fraxineus, we performed untargeted metabolomic profiling on leaves from five high-susceptibility and five low-susceptibilityF. excelsiorindividuals identified during Danish field trials. We describe in this study, two datasets. The first is untargeted LC-MS metabolomics raw data from ash leaves with high-susceptibility and low-susceptibility to ADB in positive and negative mode. These data allow the application of peak picking, alignment, gap-filling and retention-time correlation analyses to be performed in alternative ways. The second, a processed dataset containing abundances of aligned features across all samples enables further mining of the data. Here we illustrate the utility of this dataset which has previously been used to identify putative iridoid glycosides, well known anti-herbivory terpenoid derivatives, and show differential abundance in tolerant and susceptible ash samples.
ANI-1, A data set of 20 million calculated off-equilibrium conformations for organic molecules
Authors: Smith Justin S. , Isayev Olexandr , Roitberg Adrian E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOne of the grand challenges in modern theoretical chemistry is designing and implementing approximations that expedite ab initio methods without loss of accuracy. Machine learning (ML) methods are emerging as a powerful approach to constructing various forms of transferable atomistic potentials. They have been successfully applied in a variety of applications in chemistry, biology, catalysis, and solid-state physics. However, these models are heavily dependent on the quality and quantity of data used in their fitting. Fitting highly flexible ML potentials, such as neural networks, comes at a cost: a vast amount of reference data is required to properly train these models. We address this need by providing access to a large computational DFT database, which consists of more than 20 M off equilibrium conformations for 57,462 small organic molecules. We believe it will become a new standard benchmark for comparison of current and future methods in the ML potential community.
Long-read sequencing of the human cytomegalovirus transcriptome with the Pacific Biosciences RSII platform
Authors: Balázs Zsolt , Tombácz Dóra , Szűcs Attila , Snyder Michael , Boldogkői Zsolt 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLong-read RNA sequencing allows for the precise characterization of full-length transcripts, which makes it an indispensable tool in transcriptomics. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome has been first sequenced in 1989 and although short-read sequencing studies have uncovered much of the complexity of its transcriptome, only few of its transcripts have been fully annotated. We hereby present a long-read RNA sequencing dataset of HCMV infected human lung fibroblast cells sequenced by the Pacific Biosciences RSII platform. Seven SMRT cells were sequenced using oligo(dT) primers to reverse transcribe poly(A)-selected RNA molecules and one library was prepared using random primers for the reverse transcription of the rRNA-depleted sample. Our dataset contains 122,636 human and 33,086 viral (HMCV strain Towne) reads. The described data include raw and processed sequencing files, and combined with other datasets, they can be used to validate transcriptome analysis tools, to compare library preparation methods, to test base calling algorithms or to identify genetic variants.
Hearing Loss and the Achievement Gap Among Minority Youth
Authors: Pakulski Lori A. , Glassman Jennifer , Williams Monica 
Published: December 2017

Objectives
To outline the prevalence and disparities of hearing problems among school-aged urban minority youth, causal pathways through which hearing problems adversely affect academic achievement, and proven or promising approaches for schools and parents to address these problems.

Methods
Literature review.

Results
Most school-aged youth will experience a temporary, fluctuating hearing loss at least once and about 20% of U.S. adolescents have some kind of permanent hearing problem. When nationally representative samples of hearing loss among youth under age18 were conducted, those from lower socioeconomic families were more likely to have a hearing loss (23.6%) than those from families above the poverty threshold. Hearing screening is widespread in schools, but the benefits are jeopardized by non-standardization, inadequate methods for commonly occurring losses, and lack of follow-up.

Conclusions
Hearing problems are disproportionately prevalent among school-aged urban minority youth, and have a negative impact on academic achievement through sensory perceptions, cognition, and school connectedness. Effective practices are available for schools to address these problems. To better realize the benefits of current investments in screening, programs will require improved prevention efforts and follow-up/coordination between agencies conducting screening, school nurses, teachers, speech-language pathologists (SLPs), audiologists, parents, and in some cases, physicians and community resources.
High selectivity seventh‐order wideband bandpass filter using coupled lines and open/shorted stubs
Authors: Xu Kai Da , Zhang Fengyu , Liu Yanhui , Nie Wei 
Published: December 2017

A compact seventh‐order wideband bandpass filter (BPF) with sharp roll‐off skirts using coupled lines and open stubs (OSs)/shorted stubs (SSs) is proposed. Seven transmission poles in the passband and four deep transmission zeros from 0 to 2f0 (f0 denotes centre frequency of the passband) can be realised with the help of half‐wavelength OSs and quarter‐wavelength SSs. For demonstration, a wideband BPF prototype is designed, fabricated with a measured 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 78% (1.22–2.77 GHz) and transition band roll‐off rates of over 175 dB/GHz. Good agreement between the simulations and measurements validates the design method.
Deep millimeter spectroscopy observations toward NGC 1068
Authors: Qiu Jianjie , Wang Junzhi , Shi Yong , Zhang Jiangshui , Fang Min , Li Fei 
Published: December 2017

Aims.We aim for a better understanding of gas properties in the circum-nuclear disk (CND) region of the nearby gas-rich Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068. We focus on line identification and the basic physical parameters estimation of molecular gas in the CND region.Methods.We used the IRAM 30 m telescope to conduct deep millimeter spectroscopy observations toward the center of NGC 1068.Results.Thirty-two lines were detected in this galaxy, 15 lines of wich were detected for the first time. With a sensitivity better by about a factor of 4 than observations in the literature for this source at 3 mm band, we detected several weak lines for the first time in this source, such as lines from CH3CCH, CH3OCH3, and HC18O+. Column densities of these molecules were estimated based on line emissions. Some marginal detections in the literature, such as HN13C (1–0), were confirmed. CH3OCH3was detected for the first time in external galaxies. Lines from several carbon chain molecules and shock-related molecules were also detected in this source.
Building CX peanut-shaped disk galaxy profiles
Authors: Patsis P. A. , Harsoula M. 
Published: December 2017

Context. We present and discuss the orbital content of a rather unusual rotating barred galaxy model, in which the three-dimensional (3D) family, bifurcating from x1 at the 2:1 vertical resonance with the known “frown-smile” side-on morphology, is unstable.
Aims. Our goal is to study the differences that occur in the phase space structure at the vertical 2:1 resonance region in this case, with respect to the known, well studied, standard case, in which the families with the frown-smile profiles are stable and support an X-shaped morphology.
Methods. The potential used in the study originates in a frozen snapshot of an N-body simulation in which a fast bar has evolved. We follow the evolution of the vertical stability of the central family of periodic orbits as a function of the energy (Jacobi constant) and we investigate the phase space content by means of spaces of section.
Results. The two bifurcating families at the vertical 2:1 resonance region of the new model change their stability with respect to that of most studied analytic potentials. The structure in the side-on view that is directly supported by the trapping of quasi-periodic orbits around 3D stable periodic orbits has now an infinity symbol (i.e. ∞-type) profile. However, the available sticky orbits can reinforce other types of side-on morphologies as well.
Conclusions. In the new model, the dynamical mechanism of trapping quasi-periodic orbits around the 3D stable periodic orbits that build the peanut, supports the ∞-type profile. The same mechanism in the standard case supports the X shape with the frown-smile orbits. Nevertheless, in both cases (i.e. in the new and in the standard model) a combination of 3D quasi-periodic orbits around the stable x1 family with sticky orbits can support a profile reminiscent of the shape of the orbits of the 3D unstable family existing in each model.
Model-independent and model-based local lensing properties of CL0024+1654 from multiply imaged galaxies
Authors: Wagner Jenny , Liesenborgs Jori , Tessore Nicolas 
Published: December 2017

Context. Local gravitational lensing properties, such as convergence and shear, determined at the positions of multiply imaged background objects, yield valuable information on the smaller-scale lensing matter distribution in the central part of galaxy clusters. Highly distorted multiple images with resolved brightness features like the ones observed in CL0024 allow us to study these local lensing properties and to tighten the constraints on the properties of dark matter on sub-cluster scale.
Aim. We investigate to what precision local magnification ratios,
$\mathcal{J}$, ratios of convergences, f, and reduced shears, g = (g1, g2), can be determined independently of a lens model for the five resolved multiple images of the source at zs = 1.675 in CL0024. We also determine if a comparison to the respective results obtained by the parametric modelling tool Lenstool and by the non-parametric modelling tool Grale can detect biases in the models. For these lens models, we analyse the influence of the number and location of the constraints from multiple images on the lens properties at the positions of the five multiple images of the source at zs = 1.675.
Methods. Our model-independent approach uses a linear mapping between the five resolved multiple images to determine the magnification ratios, ratios of convergences, and reduced shears at their positions. With constraints from up to six multiple image systems, we generate Lenstool and Grale models using the same image positions, cosmological parameters, and number of generated convergence and shear maps to determine the local values of
$\mathcal{J}$, f, and g at the same positions across all methods.
Results. All approaches show strong agreement on the local values of
$\mathcal{J}$, f, and g. We find that Lenstool obtains the tightest confidence bounds even for convergences around one using constraints from six multiple-image systems, while the best Grale model is generated only using constraints from all multiple images with resolved brightness features and adding limited small-scale mass corrections. Yet, confidence bounds as large as the values themselves can occur for convergences close to one in all approaches.
Conclusions. Our results agree with previous findings, support the light-traces-mass assumption, and the merger hypothesis for CL0024. Comparing the different approaches can detect model biases. The model-independent approach determines the local lens properties to a comparable precision in less than one second.