bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors associated with dystocia in a tie stall dairy herd
Authors: López Helguera I. , Behrouzi A. , Kastelic J.P. , Colazo M.G. 
Published: May 2016

The aims of the study were to: (1) investigate factors affecting calf birth weight (CBW) and gestation length (GL); and (2) determine risk factors associated with dystocia in 1019 Holstein heifers and cows in a tie stall dairy herd. Calf sex (CS), sire, and GL were related to CBW in primiparous and multiparous cows, with no significant effect of season, age of primiparous cows (AGE) or days in milk (DIM) of multiparous cows at conception. Gestation length was affected by CS in primiparous, with a shorter GL for female versus male calves (275.7 ± 0.5 vs. 278.3 ± 0.4; P < 0.001). Also, GL was shorter in multiparous cows that calved during the cold season compared to those that calved in mild or warm seasons. Primiparous cows had a higher prevalence of dystocia compared to multiparous cows (32.1 vs. 8.5%; P < 0.001), but it was highly variable depending on sire (24.4%–60.0% for primiparous and 0%–21.1% for multiparous). In conclusion, CS, sire, and GL were related to CBW, whereas GL was affected by CS in primiparous and season in multiparous. The CBW was the major factor affecting dystocia in primiparous cows, whereas sire and twin pregnancies were factors related to dystocia in both primiparous and multiparous cows.
Magnetic Micro/Nano Structures for Biological Manipulation
Authors: Huang Chen-Yu , Hsieh Teng-Fu , Chang Wei-Chieh , Yeh Kun-Chieh , Hsu Ming-Shinn , Chang Ching-Ray , Chen Jiann-Yeu , Wei Zung-Hang 
Published: May 2016

Biomanipulation based on micro/nano structures is an attractive approach for biotechnology. To manipulate biological systems by magnetic forces, the magnetic labeling technology utilized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a common rule. Ferrofluid, well-dispersed MNPs, can be used for magnetic modification of the surface or as molds to form organized microstructures. For magnetic-based micro/nano structures, different methods to modulate magnetic field at the microscale have been developed. Specifically, this review focused on a new strategy which uses the concept of micromagnetism of patterned magnetic thin film with specific domain walls configurations to generate stable magnetic poles for cell patterning.
Endoscopic Olecranon Bursal Resection for Olecranon Bursitis: A Comparative Study for Septic and Aseptic Olecranon Bursitis
Authors: Rhyou In Hyeok , Park Kyoung Jun , Kim Kyung Chul , Lee Ji-Ho , Kim Seung Yeon 
Published: May 2016

Background: Open excision of the olecranon bursa has been performed traditionally. However, surgical complications such as wound healing problems and recurrence may occur after the surgery. The purpose of this study was to report on the clinical outcomes of endoscopic olecranon bursal resection performed in both septic and aseptic olecranon bursitis.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 30 patients who underwent endoscopic olecranon bursal resection from June 2007 to January 2012. There were 20 males and 10 females. The ages ranged from 22 to 80 years, with an average age of 57.4 years and the average follow-up was 21.1 months (6–61.5 months). There were 15 cases in the septic group. The treatment outcome was measured according to the following; the rate of recurrence, range of motion, complications associated with surgery, VAS and QuickDASH.Results: There were no complications such as postoperative infection or neurovascular injuries. In the septic group, the VAS and QuickDASH scores were significantly improved from 5.6 to 0.1 and from 28 to 1.3, respectively. In the aseptic group, the VAS and QuickDASH scores were improved from 0.6 to 0.1 and from 25.7 to 0.5, respectively. In all cases, there were no recurrences and no limitations of joint motion until the final follow-up.Conclusions: We were able to obtain excellent outcomes without recurrence by performing endoscopic olecranon bursal resection in both septic and aseptic olecranon bursitis.
Assessment of the Accuracy of Online Information Regarding Trigger Finger
Authors: Hinds Richard M. , Gottschalk Michael B. , Muppavarapu Raghuveer C. , Naik Amish A. , Yang S. Steven , Capo John T. 
Published: May 2016

Background: Review of the recent literature suggests substantial use of the Internet by patients seeking health care information despite questionable accuracy and readability of information presented on some websites. The purpose of our study was to assess the accuracy, quality, and readability of online information regarding trigger finger. Methods: Three terms (“trigger finger”, “stenosing tenosynovitis”, and “finger locking”) were used to query three Internet search engines to evaluate websites regarding information about trigger finger. Three hand surgery fellows independently assessed website accuracy and quality using standardized scoring criteria. The Fleisch-Kincaid reading grade level score was used to assess website readability. Website authorship and commercial association were also noted. Results: Sixty-nine unique websites were assessed. Internet information obtained using the search term “stenosing tenosynovitis” was written at a significantly higher reading level than information found using “finger locking” or “trigger finger”. Website quality and accuracy were both significantly better in websites authored by physicians compared to websites authored by non-physicians. However, website accuracy was significantly poorer in websites featuring commercial association. Additionally, websites presenting information written below the 8th grade reading level demonstrated poorer accuracy. Conclusions: Search term has a significant effect on the readability of online information regarding trigger finger. Despite the terminology used in searches, most websites are largely inaccurate and may not be easily understandable by the general population. This demonstrates a substantial barrier to accessing accurate health care information and may impact patient outcomes. Hand surgeons should direct patients towards websites presenting accurate information with easily readable content.
Limited Wrist Arthrodesis for Scapholunate Advanced Collapse Wrist: Triangle Fixation for Four-Corner Fusion
Authors: Shintani Kosuke , Kazuki Kenichi , Takamatsu Kiyohito , Yoneda Masahiro , Uemura Takuya 
Published: May 2016

Background: Limited wrist arthrodesis with scaphoid excision is a useful treatment for scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) of the wrist. Multiple Kirschner wires were originally used for internal fixation of the four carpal bones, however long-term cast immobilization, pin tract infection, and hardware removal are still problematic. We introduce and evaluate the clinical outcomes of an internal fixation technique; triangle fixation for four-corner fusion, using three headless screws, as an alternative to conventional multiple Kirschner wires for the treatment of SLAC wrist. Methods: Five male patients with SLAC wrist secondary to three scaphoid nonunions and two scapholunate dissociations were treated with four-corner fusion using triangle fixation with three Double-threaded Japan screws. The mean age was 59.5 years (35–79 years) and the mean follow-up period was 40 months. After surgery, short arm splints were applied for 3–4 weeks, and then range of motion exercises were initiated. Results: Wrist range of motion and grip strength both improved postoperatively. At the final follow-up evaluation, bone union was completely achieved and satisfactory pain relief was observed in all patients. Conclusions: Compared with the conventional Kirschner wire technique, the present technique shortens the period of splint immobilization due to a strong compression force in a skewed position, does not require pin removal or cause pin tract infections, and provides satisfactory results.
Effect of Intraarticular Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection for Wrist Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Statistical Investigation
Authors: Fukui Akihiro , Yamada Hideki , Yoshii Takashi 
Published: May 2016

Background: A significant number of patients on long-term treatment and users of biologics complain of wrist pain due to synovial proliferation and arthropathic changes. Synovectomy or joint arthroplasty is often indicated for such patients, but many refuse surgery. For these patients triamcinolone acetonide was injected into the dorsum of the wrist, and evaluated the clinical benefit and safety of the wrist joint. Methods: We injected triamcinolone acetonide into the dorsum of the wrist. We evaluated the clinical benefit and safety of intraarticular triamcinolone acetonide by analyzing data on (1) the number of injections, (2) decrease in visual analog scale pain, (3) changes in carpal height ratio, radio carpal distance ratio, and radial rotation angle in X-ray imaging, and (4) the adverse reactions of triamcinolone acetonide injection on the subcutaneous tissue and extensor tendons. Results: 1. The number of injections per patient over 3 years 8 months was 1 for 44 wrists, 2 for 21 wrists, 3 for 17 wrists, 4 for 6 wrists, 5 for 3 wrists, 6 for 3 wrists, 7 for 2 wrists, 9 for 2 wrists, 12 for 4 wrists, and 13 for 1 wrist. 2. The overall mean VAS improved from 79 mm at baseline to 11 mm post-injection. 3. In the grade I and II group, CHS, RCDR and RRA were not statistically significant. In the grade III and IV group, CHR showed a significant decrease. 4. Neither subcutaneous atrophy nor extensor tendon rupture was reported. Conclusions: More than 90% of patients of all disease grades responded to an average of 1 to 4 injections per year.
A Classification for Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Groove Morphology as an Aid for Ulnar Sided Wrist Pain
Authors: Singh Rohit , Patel Amit , Roulohamin Nick , Turner Rob 
Published: May 2016

Background: Distal ulna groove morphology is likely to have a significant role in extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon stability. The development of a robust anatomical classification system, would be beneficial to further research into ulnar sided wrist pain and would be of use in rationalising treatment regimes. Methods: Cadaveric specimens as well as MRI scans of patients with non-specific wrist pain were analysed independently by 3 orthopaedic surgeons twice to test the integrity of the classification system. The following classification system was developed for the distal ulna groove; Flat = L-shaped slope, S slope = S shaped, Reverse C = C-shaped slope. Findings were then subjected to Fleiss Kappa statistical analysis to evaluate how robust the classification system was. Results: From the cadaveric arm of the study, 61 patients had their distal ulna groove morphology categorised according to types C, L, and S. For the MRI arm of the study 103 MRI scans were classified. ECU grove subtype C showed 8% dislocation compared to 33% and 47% for the L subtype and S sub type respectively. Conclusions: Our classification system of ECU groove morphology will help identify different components to ulnar sided wrist problems and may help establish guidelines for treatment. This classification system has been validated for both cadaveric specimens and the MRI scans. It showed substantial agreement to almost perfect agreement in the data tested, thus proving good interand intra-observer reliability. It is a useful tool to help in further research into ulnar sided wrist pain and ECU instability, and may help develop further treatment strategies in the future.
Ebb
Authors: Bernstein Gilbert Louis , Shah Chinmayee , Lemire Crystal , Devito Zachary , Fisher Matthew , Levis Philip , Hanrahan Pat 
Published: May 2016

Designing programming environments for physical simulation is challenging because simulations rely on diverse algorithms and geometric domains. These challenges are compounded when we try to run efficiently on heterogeneous parallel architectures. We present Ebb, a Domain-Specific Language (DSL) for simulation, that runs efficiently on both CPUs and GPUs. Unlike previous DSLs, Ebb uses a three-layer architecture to separate (1) simulation code, (2) definition of data structures for geometric domains, and (3) runtimes supporting parallel architectures. Different geometric domains are implemented as libraries that use a common, unified, relational data model. By structuring the simulation framework in this way, programmers implementing simulations can focus on the physics and algorithms for each simulation without worrying about their implementation on parallel computers. Because the geometric domain libraries are all implemented using a common runtime based on relations, new geometric domains can be added as needed, without specifying the details of memory management, mapping to different parallel architectures, or having to expand the runtime’s interface.
We evaluate Ebb by comparing it to several widely used simulations, demonstrating comparable performance to handwritten GPU code where available, and surpassing existing CPU performance optimizations by up to 9 × when no GPU code exists.
Dual Block with Lapatinib and Trastuzumab Versus Single-Agent Trastuzumab Combined with Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Treatment of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Clavarezza Matteo , Puntoni Matteo , Gennari Alessandra , Paleari Laura , Provinciali Nicoletta , D'Amico Mauro , DeCensi Andrea 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurpose: (Neo)adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy plus trastuzumab reduces recurrence and death risk in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer. Randomized trials assessed HER2 dual block by adding lapatinib to trastuzumab and chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting using pathologic complete response (pCR) as the outcome measure. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized trials testing neoadjuvant dual block with lapatinib and trastuzumab versus trastuzumab alone in HER2+ breast cancer.Experimental Design: Trials were identified by Medline (PubMed), ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index Expanded), Embase, Cochrane library, and reference lists of published studies, review articles, editorials, and by hand-searched reports from major cancer meeting reports.Results: Six randomized trials including 1,155 patients were identified, of whom 483 (41.8%) were hormone receptor–negative, 672 (58.2%) hormone receptor–positive, 534 (46.2%) received taxanes alone, and 621 (53.8%) anthracyclines plus taxanes or the docetaxel–carboplatin regimen. Overall, the dual block was associated with a significant 13% absolute improvement in pCR rate compared with single-agent trastuzumab (summary risk difference, SRD 0.13; 95% CI, 0.08–0.19). The activity was greater in hormone receptor–negative patients who received chemotherapy with taxanes alone (SRD 0.25; 95% CI, 0.13–0.37), compared to hormone receptor–positive or hormone receptor–negative disease treated with anthracyclines plus taxanes or the docetaxel–carboplatin regimen (SRD 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02–0.15; Pinteraction = 0.05).Conclusions: On the basis of ΔpCR data, the dual block with trastuzumab and lapatinib plus chemotherapy is a very active treatment only in HER2+ and hormone receptor–negative breast cancer treated with taxane monochemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4594–603. ©2016 AACR.
Changes in Bone Turnover Marker Levels and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Advanced Cancer and Bone Metastases Treated with Bone Antiresorptive Agents
Authors: Lipton Allan , Smith Matthew R. , Fizazi Karim , Stopeck Alison T. , Henry David , Brown Janet E. , Shore Neal D. , Saad Fred , Spencer Andrew , Zhu Li , Warner Douglas J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Bone antiresorptive agents can significantly reduce bone turnover markers (BTM) in patients with advanced cancer. We evaluated association of changes in BTMs with overall survival (OS), disease progression (DP), and disease progression in bone (DPB) in patients with advanced cancer and bone metastases following denosumab or zoledronic acid treatment.
Experimental Design: This is an integrated analysis of patient-level data from three identically designed, blinded, phase III trials with patients randomized to subcutaneous denosumab or intravenous zoledronic acid. Levels of the BTMs urinary N-telopeptide (uNTx) and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (sBSAP) measured at study entry and month 3 were analyzed. OS, DP, and DPB were compared in patients with BTMs ≥ median versus &lt; median based on month 3 assessments.
Results: uNTx levels ≥ the median of 10.0 nmol/mmol at month 3 were associated with significantly reduced OS compared with levels &lt; median (HR for death, 1.85; P &lt; 0.0001). sBSAP levels ≥ median of 12.6 ng/mL were associated with significantly reduced OS compared with levels &lt; median (HR, 2.44; P &lt; 0.0001). uNTx and sBSAP levels ≥ median at month 3 were associated with significantly greater risk of DP (HR, 1.31; P &lt; 0.0001 and HR, 1.71; P &lt; 0.0001, respectively) and DPB (HR, 1.11; P = 0.0407 and HR, 1.27; P &lt; 0.0001, respectively).
Conclusions: BTM levels ≥ median after 3 months of bone antiresorptive treatment were associated with reduced OS and increased risk of DP and DPB. Assessment of uNTx and sBSAP levels after bone antiresorptive therapy may add to identification of patients at risk for worse clinical outcomes. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5713–21. ©2016 AACR.
Disease Interception: Myths, Mountains, and Mole Hills
Authors: Hait William N. , Lebowitz Peter F. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Malignant diseases develop slowly over time and are often preceded by identifiable premalignancies. As malignancy progresses, so does genomic complexity and the ability of cancers to evade most therapeutic interventions. Accordingly, with some notable exceptions, a relatively low percentage of advanced cancers are effectively treated and even fewer are cured. Despite this appreciation, much less attention has been paid to intercepting the disease process compared with that of treating well-established and refractory disease. One frequently cited reason is that the pharmaceutical industry is not interested in these pursuits. In this commentary, we attempt to define the true hurdles, the degree of difficulty inherent in each, and some important approaches to be considered. Cancer Prev Res; 9(8); 635–7. ©2016 AACR.
Chinese Student Migration, Social Networking, and Local Engagement in the uk (华人留学生移民，社交网络与参与当地社会：一个基于英国的实证研究)
Authors: Wu Bin 
Published: May 2016

The unprecedented growth in the number of Chinese international students since the twenty-first century raises questions about their links to and impact on local communities in host countries. Viewing Chinese students as an important part of diasporic Chinese community, this paper sheds new light on Chinese students’ social networking with different groups internally and externally, both Chinese and non-Chinese, on campus or in the wider community. Many questions arise: What is the contribution of Chinese students to the growth and transformation of diasporic Chinese communities in major destinations? What is the scope of their social networking and what are their functions in regard to Chinese community cohesion and integration? What are the differences between Chinese students and local residents and between Chinese students from mainland China and those from Hong Kong and Singapore in terms of network building and local engagement? The above questions are addressed by a combination of official data analysis and a questionnaire survey conducted in Nottingham. The evidence suggests a correlation between the local engagement of Chinese students in the wider community and their social networking, which offers a key to understand the new momentum for the transformation of diasporic Chinese community in majorhedestinations. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.进入21世纪以来，中国海外留学生人数持续增长，由此提出了有关他们和所在国当地社会的联系及其影响的问题。基于华人留学生（包括中国留学生）是海外华人社会的一个重要组成部分这一观点出发，本文试图揭示华人留学生群体的社交网络特征，及其对他们跨文化学习和参与当地社会的影响。具体而言，它旨在回答以下几个问题：为什么中国留学生移民是理解主要目的地国海外华人社会变化的重要因素？留学生社交网络的范围及其对增进华人社会内部凝聚力和融入当地社会的作用如何？华人留学生和当地华人居民之间，以及来自中国大陆的留学生和那些来自香港和新加坡的华人留学生在社交网络建设及参与当地社会方面的差异如何？通过对英国官方人口普查及高等教育数据的收集分析，结合对英国诺丁汉华人社会的一项问卷调查，本文揭示了中国留学生的社交网络与他们的实践活动的相关性，一个影响当地华人社会发展变化的关键因素。最后，本文就其实证研究发现的理论和政策意义进行了讨论。This article is in Chinese Language
Correlation of E-selectin concentrations with carotid intima-media thickness and cardio-metabolic profile of mixed ancestry South Africans: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zemlin Annalise E , Matsha Tandi E , Kengne Andre P , Hon Gloudina M , Erasmus Rajiv T 
Published: May 2016

Background E-selectin, an adhesion molecule, is a specific marker of endothelial dysfunction. High concentrations have been reported in type 2 diabetes and disorders with high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a surrogate marker of early atherosclerosis. We examined the relationship between E-selectin concentrations, CIMT and cardio-metabolic traits in normo- and hyperglycaemic mixed ancestry South Africans. Methods E-selectin concentrations were determined in 308 subjects from the Cape Town Bellville South Community–based study on a mixed ancestry population. Their correlation with CIMT and cardio-metabolic profile used robust correlations and linear regression models. Results E-selectin concentrations were significantly higher in the hyperglycaemic (median 139.8 µg/L) compared to the normoglycaemic group (median 118.8 µg/L), ( p = 0.0007). Significant differences between the two groups were found for markers of glycaemia and adiposity, but not for CIMT. Significant correlations were found between E-selectin and age, markers of glycaemia and inflammation, central obesity and lipid variables. Associations remained significant only with age, hyperglycaemia and C-reactive protein in robust linear regression models. In similar regressions models, age and gender were the main predictors of CIMT, which was not associated with E-selectin. Conclusions E-selectin concentrations in this study were associated with hyperglycaemia, possibly reflecting early endothelial damage. However, E-selectin was not useful to assess CIMT, a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, which appeared to be determined by ageing and male gender.
Impact of Obesity on Outcomes in a Multiethnic Cohort of Medical Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Trivedi Vrinda , Jean Raymonde E. , Genese Frank , Fuhrmann Katherine A. , Saini Anjeet K. , Mangulabnan Van Derick , Bavishi Chirag 
Published: May 2016

Purpose: To examine the association of obesity with in-hospital mortality and complications during critical illness. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of a multiethnic cohort of 699 patients admitted to medical intensive care unit between January 2010 and May 2011 at Mount Sinai St. Luke’s and Mount Sinai West Hospitals, tertiary care centers in New York City. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30] and in-hospital mortality. Subgroup analysis was performed in elderly patients (age ≥65 years). Results: Compared to normal BMI, obese patients had lower in-hospital mortality (24.4% vs 17.6%, P = .04). On multivariate analysis, obesity was independently associated with lower in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27-0.89, P = .018). There was no significant difference in rates of mechanical ventilation, reintubation, and vasopressor requirement across BMI categories. In subgroup analysis, elderly obese patients did not display lower in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.40-1.82, P = .68). Conclusion: Our study supports the hypothesis that obesity is associated with decreased mortality during critical illness. However, this finding was not observed among elderly obese patients. Further studies should explore the interaction between age, obesity, and outcomes in critical illness.