bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the short version of Korean functional Health Literacy Test
Authors: Kim Su Hyun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to validate a short version of the Korean functional Health Literacy Test.BackgroundDevelopment of a brief and valid health literacy assessment tool, with an optimal cut‐off value, is essential to identify individuals with low health literacy in the Korean‐speaking population.DesignThis is a psychometric validation study of the instrument.MethodsItem response analysis using 2‐parameter logistic estimates was used for item reduction. The short form of the Korean functional Health Literacy Test was validated among 170 nursing students and 129 older adults in Korea. Data were collected from December 2015 to February 2016. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to classify health literacy level with the cut‐off value.ResultsItem difficulty parameters of the short form of the Korean functional Health Literacy Test ranged from −1.33 to −0.35; item discrimination ranged from 1.91 to 4.47. Significant differences of the test score were shown between nursing students and older adults. The cut‐off value of 6 out of 8 on the short form of the Korean functional Health Literacy Test showed a sensitivity of 0.79 and specificity of 0.65.ConclusionThe short form of the Korean functional Health Literacy Test is a valid tool with sufficient diagnostic accuracy to assess health literacy in the Korean‐speaking population.
Overactive bladder is a negative predictor of achieving continence after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Yamada Yuta , Fujimura Tetsuya , Fukuhara Hiroshi , Sugihara Toru , Miyazaki Hideyo , Nakagawa Tohru , Kume Haruki , Igawa Yasuhiko , Homma Yukio 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate predictors of continence outcomes after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.MethodsClinical records of 272 patients who underwent robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy were investigated. Preoperative Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, International Prostate Symptom Score and clinicopathological factors were investigated, and relationships between factors and recovery of continence after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy were assessed. The presence of overactive bladder was defined as having urgency for more than once a week and having ≥3 points according to the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score.ResultsAge (≤66 years) was significantly associated with continence within 6 months after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (P = 0.033). The absence of overactive bladder and lower Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (<3) were significantly associated with recovery of continence within 12 months after surgery (both variables P = 0.009). In terms of achieving recovery of continence after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy, Kaplan–Meier curves showed earlier recovery in “age ≤66 years,” “prostate weight ≤40 g” and “overactive bladder symptom score <3” (P = 0.0072, 0.0172 and 0.0140, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of overactive bladder was an independent negative predictor for recovery of continence within 12 months after surgery (P = 0.019).ConclusionsThe presence of baseline overactive bladder seems to represent an independent negative predictor for recovery of continence at 12 months after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.
Association between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and peripheral artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zou Yaowu , Li Xinde , Wang Can , Wang Jing , Wang Fei , Ma Lidan , You Wenjun , Li Changgui 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the risk of coronary heart diseases; however, the relationship between NAFLD and peripheral artery disease (PAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes has not been investigated.AimTo investigate the association between NAFLD and PAD in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional study on 2646 type 2 diabetes patients ≥ 40 years. All patients provided fasting blood samples and underwent a liver ultrasonography and ankle‐brachial index (ABI) test. PAD was defined as an ABI <0.9. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the odds ratio (OR) for PAD associated with NAFLD.ResultsOur analyses showed that patients with NAFLD had a significantly higher prevalence of PAD compared with those without NAFLD (12.8% vs 7.8%). NAFLD was associated with a 75% (OR 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35–2.28) increased risk of PAD after adjustment for demographic factors. Addition of various metabolic risk factors as confounders attenuated the association (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.12–2.00). Further adjustment for C‐reactive protein led the association to be marginally significant (OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.99–1.80). Analyses stratified by gender suggested the association was much stronger among women than among men.ConclusionType 2 diabetes patients with NAFLD had a higher prevalence of PAD, and this association was partly, but not entirely, explained by metabolic risk factors and inflammation.
Insularity effects on the assemblage of the blood parasite community of the birds from the Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Loiseau Claire , Melo Martim , Lobato Elisa , Beadell Jon S. , Fleischer Robert C. , Reis Sandra , Doutrelant Claire , Covas Rita 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimLower species diversity, increased population densities and ecological niche enlargement are common characteristics of island faunas. However, it remains to be determined if they extend to the parasite community. We tested if Haemosporidia parasite pressure varies between islands and the mainland with two different levels of analysis: (1) at the host community level and (2) with paired‐species comparisons between islands and the mainland.LocationGulf of Guinea, West Africa.MethodsWe used molecular‐based methods to identify avian Haemosporidian parasites (Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) to describe their diversity, prevalence, host specificity and their phylogenetic relationships in five islands of the Gulf of Guinea and in nearby mainland areas.ResultsWe found reduced Haemosporidia diversity on islands for Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon, but not for Plasmodium. In addition, lower parasite prevalence on islands was found using a paired‐species approach. Although the mean host specificity of the parasite community on islands did not differ from the mainland, we found a very distinct parasite species assemblage on the islands, which was composed of both the most generalist and the most specialist lineages.Main conclusionsThis study supports the hypothesis that parasite pressure is reduced on islands. Colonization is made by generalists with high host switching capacities, with some subsequently evolving into highly specialized parasites. This suggests that “taxon cycle” dynamics may explain the assemblage of insular parasite communities.
Involvement of insulin resistance in normoglycaemic obese patients with periodontitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Martinez‐Herrera Mayte , Silvestre Francisco Javier , Silvestre‐Rangil Javier , Bañuls Celia , Rocha Milagros , Hernández‐Mijares Antonio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimWe explored the association between obesity and periodontitis with the aim of determining the possible role of insulin resistance (IR) in this relationship.Materials and MethodsA total of 212 subjects—110 obese and 102 lean individuals—were evaluated for periodontal disease and divided according to IR: a lean group without IR (LWIR), an obese group without IR (OWIR), and an obese group with IR (OIR). Anthropometric, metabolic, inflammatory and periodontal parameters were evaluated.ResultsPeriodontitis was more prevalent in obese (80.9%) than in lean subjects (41.2%), with the former group showing a risk of periodontitis sixfold that of the latter. Obese subjects as a whole displayed higher diastolic blood pressure, TNFα and hsCRP and lower HDL cholesterol than lean subjects. OIR had higher systolic blood pressure, glucose, insulin, HOMA‐IR, A1c, triglycerides and number of teeth with PD ≥ 4 mm than OWIR, while other periodontal variables remained unaltered. The multivariable regression model showed that probing depth, bleeding on probing and HOMA‐IR were independent predictors of number of teeth with PD ≥ 4 mm.ConclusionOur data support an association between obesity and periodontitis, and point to a central role of IR. Periodontitis tends to be more extensive in obese patients with IR.
Visualization of the tentorial innervation of human dura mater
Authors: Lee Shin‐Hyo , Shin Kang‐Jae , Koh Ki‐Seok , Song Wu‐Chul 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPosterior projections of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (the ophthalmic nerve) are distributed in the tentorium cerebelli as recurrent meningeal branches. We investigated the morphological tentorial distribution of the ophthalmic nerve. Fifty‐two sides of the tentorium cerebelli and adjacent dura mater obtained from 29 human specimens were stained using Sihler's method to examine the nerve fibres in the dural sheets. The innervation patterns of the tentorium cerebelli were classified into the following four types according to their distributions: Type 1, where nerve fibres projected to both the straight and transverse sinuses; Type 2, where nerve fibres projected only to the transverse sinus and lateral convexity; Type 3, where nerve fibres projected medially only to the straight sinus and the posterior part of the falx cerebri; and Type 4, where the nerve fibres terminated within the tentorium cerebelli. Images of the tentorium cerebelli were superimposed to identify areas of dense innervation. The incidence rates of Types 1–4 were 71.2% (n = 37), 21.2% (n = 11), 3.8% (n = 2) and 3.8% (n = 2), respectively. More branches of nerve fibres traversed towards the transverse sinus posterolaterally than towards the straight sinus medially. The space between the anterior half of the straight sinus and the medial tentorial notch can be considered a safe surgical area where innervation is scarce. The posterior part of the falx cerebri was innervated by the ophthalmic nerve that traversed to the straight sinus. The parietal branches of the middle meningeal artery in the lateral convexity that were projected orthogonally by the ophthalmic nerve traversed the transverse sinus, implicating their vulnerability and possible sensitivity under physiological or neurosurgical conditions. This study has revealed the macroscopic tentorial innervation of the dura mater in humans, which could be useful information for both neurosurgeons and neurologists.
Super‐resolution imaging of subcortical white matter using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) and super‐resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI)
Authors: Hainsworth A. H. , Lee S. , Foot P. , Patel A. , Poon W. W. , Knight A. E. 
Published: July 2017

AimsThe spatial resolution of light microscopy is limited by the wavelength of visible light (the ‘diffraction limit’, approximately 250 nm). Resolution of sub‐cellular structures, smaller than this limit, is possible with super resolution methods such as stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) and super‐resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI). We aimed to resolve subcellular structures (axons, myelin sheaths and astrocytic processes) within intact white matter, using STORM and SOFI.MethodsStandard cryostat‐cut sections of subcortical white matter from donated human brain tissue and from adult rat and mouse brain were labelled, using standard immunohistochemical markers (neurofilament‐H, myelin‐associated glycoprotein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP). Image sequences were processed for STORM (effective pixel size 8–32 nm) and for SOFI (effective pixel size 80 nm).ResultsIn human, rat and mouse, subcortical white matter high‐quality images for axonal neurofilaments, myelin sheaths and filamentous astrocytic processes were obtained. In quantitative measurements, STORM consistently underestimated width of axons and astrocyte processes (compared with electron microscopy measurements). SOFI provided more accurate width measurements, though with somewhat lower spatial resolution than STORM.ConclusionsSuper resolution imaging of intact cryo‐cut human brain tissue is feasible. For quantitation, STORM can under‐estimate diameters of thin fluorescent objects. SOFI is more robust. The greatest limitation for super‐resolution imaging in brain sections is imposed by sample preparation. We anticipate that improved strategies to reduce autofluorescence and to enhance fluorophore performance will enable rapid expansion of this approach.
Yea, Nay, and Everything in Between: Disparities within the Academic Ombuds Field
Authors: Tompkins Byer Tessa 
Published: July 2017

Few colleges and universities have chosen to establish ombuds offices, and the profession itself has remained relatively obscure. Although organizations have established different types of ombuds offices, the International Ombudsman Association (IOA) defines an organizational ombuds office as a neutral, informal, independent, and confidential office that allays and prevents conflict within the organization and brings systemic concerns to the attention of the organization for resolution. Ombuds office professionals work with individuals to inform them of their options and help them express their concerns in challenging conflict situations. But they also work at the systemic level to alert leaders to important institutional trends and patterns that they would be less likely to perceive on their own.In this article, I examine several stark discrepancies within the academic ombuds profession that may contribute to the relative invisibility of the field itself. While organizational ombudspeople who belong to the IOA unite under the IOA's standards of practice in theory, in practice they diverge in several areas, including the nature of their positions, hiring practices, the level of informality in their practice, their degree of isolation or integration within their institutions, how they cultivate relationships on campus, and how essential they consider ombuds offices to be for the effective functioning of the university.They often also fundamentally disagree about such areas as:

• the terminology that defines the job — practitioners disagree about the usefulness of the terms “ombuds” and “ombudspeople,” for example;
• the role of neutrality and the challenge of maintaining it;
• the value of IOA certification;
• the most appropriate methods for evaluating the effectiveness of an ombuds office; and
• how ombuds make recommendations for institutional improvement.
The ombuds profession in general — and academic ombuds professionals in particular — need not necessarily resolve all practice discrepancies in order to thrive, but I argue that open acknowledgement of existing discrepancies can help the profession more effectively promote itself and present a more consistent image to the world.
You deplete me: Impacts of providing positive and negative event support on self‐control
Authors: GOSNELL COURTNEY L. , GABLE SHELLY L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe examined how providing social support may reduce self‐control. Participants who reported greater effectiveness concerns and emotion regulation while providing daily support showed greater behavioral and subjective depletion; moreover, supporting partners' negative events tended to involve greater concerns and emotion regulation than partners' positive events (Study 1). It was the act of providing support (and not just listening to events) that led to depletion (Study 2), and manipulating individuals to have greater concerns about support effectiveness caused them to show less self‐control (Study 3). Overall, the results suggest that support provision can reduce self‐control in a variety of ways (influencing persistence, focus, and feelings of exhaustion), particularly when there are concerns about effectiveness and the need to regulate emotions.
Contextual Ranking by Passive Safety of Generational Classes of Light Vehicles
Authors: Ouni Z. , Denis C. , Chauvel C. , Chambaz A. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryEach year, the Bulletin d’Analyse des Accidents Corporels (BAAC) data set gathers descriptions of traffic accidents on French public roads involving one or several light vehicles and injuring at least one of the passengers. Each light vehicle can be associated with its ‘generational class’ (GC), a raw description of the vehicle including its date of design, date of entry into service and size class. In two given contexts of accident, two light vehicles with two different GCs do not necessarily offer the same level of safety to their passengers. The objective of this study is to assess to what extent more recent generations of light vehicles are safer than older vehicles on the basis of the BAAC data set. We rely on ‘scoring’: we look for a score function that associates any context of accident and any GC with a real number in such a way that, the smaller is this number, the safer is the GC in the given context. A better score function is learned from the BAAC data set by cross-validation, under the form of an optimal convex combination of score functions produced by a library of ranking algorithms by scoring. An oracle inequality illustrates the performances of the resulting meta-algorithm. We implement it, apply it and show some results.
Integrative taxonomy versus taxonomic authority without peer review: the case of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Tephritidae)
Authors: SCHUTZE MARK K. , BOURTZIS KOSTAS , CAMERON STEPHEN L. , CLARKE ANTHONY R. , DE MEYER MARC , HEE ALVIN K. W. , HENDRICHS JORGE , KROSCH MATTHEW N. , MWATAWALA MAULID 
Published: July 2017

Abstract1. Major global horticultural and food security tephritid fruit fly pests, Bactrocera papayae (papaya fruit fly) and B. invadens (invasive fruit fly), were synonymised with B. dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) by Schutze et al. (2015a) based on extensive integrative taxonomic evidence from multiple sources. This synonymy was peer reviewed by eight independent experts.2. Drew & Romig (2016) withdrew B. papayae and B. invadens from synonymy based on opinion drawn primarily from disparate geographical distribution, morphological, and host use information. This reversal was not subjected to peer review.3. We consider the withdrawal from synonymy as invalid due to significant errors and misrepresentations of the literature provided in the arguments of Drew & Romig (2016) that we propose would not have withstood peer scrutiny.4. This case reflects a broader issue of individual taxonomic authorities using opinion to challenge extensive evidence generated via scientific hypothesis‐testing methods by discipline specialists.5. We recommend that taxonomic acts not subjected to peer review, especially of pest species, be actively discouraged by the broader scientific and regulatory community.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Striga hermonthica populations from Kenya and Nigeria
Authors: Unachukwu N N , Menkir A , Rabbi I Y , Oluoch M , Muranaka S , Elzein A , Odhiambo G , Farombi E O , Gedil M 
Published: July 2017

SummaryStriga hermonthica is a parasitic weed that poses a serious threat to the production of economically important cereals in sub‐Saharan Africa. The existence of genetic diversity within and between S. hermonthica populations presents a challenge to the successful development and deployment of effective control technologies against this parasitic weed. Understanding the extent of diversity between S. hermonthica populations will facilitate the design and deployment of effective control technologies against the parasite. In the present study, S. hermonthica plants collected from different locations and host crops in Kenya and Nigeria were genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphisms. Statistically significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.15, P = 0.001) was uncovered between populations collected from the two countries. Also, the populations collected in Nigeria formed three distinct subgroups. Unique loci undergoing selection were observed between the Kenyan and Nigerian populations and among the three subgroups found in Nigeria. Striga hermonthica populations parasitising rice in Kenya appeared to be genetically distinct from those parasitising maize and sorghum. The presence of distinct populations in East and West Africa and in different regions in Nigeria highlights the importance of developing and testing Striga control technologies in multiple locations, including locations representing the geographic regions in Nigeria where genetically distinct subpopulations of the parasite were found. Efforts should also be made to develop relevant control technologies for areas infested with ‘rice‐specific’ Striga spp. populations in Kenya.
Implications of Antimicrobial Combinations in Complex Wound Biofilms Containing Fungi
Authors: Townsend Eleanor M. , Sherry Leighann , Kean Ryan , Hansom Donald , Mackay William G. , Williams Craig , Butcher John , Ramage Gordon 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Diabetic foot ulcer treatment currently focuses on targeting bacterial biofilms, while dismissing fungi. To investigate this, we used an
in vitro
biofilm model containing bacteria and fungi, reflective of the wound environment, to test the impact of antimicrobials. Here we showed that while monotreatment approaches influenced biofilm composition, this had no discernible effect on overall quantity. Only by combining bacterium- and fungus-specific antibiotics were we able to decrease the biofilm bioburden, irrespective of composition.