bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW REACTION ROUTE TO 1,3‐DICARBONYL DERIVATIVES. MODEL STUDIES ON THE A/B‐PART OF 3‐OXO‐5α‐STEROIDS
Authors: BERBALK H. , EICHINGER K. , WINETZHAMMER W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Keton (II) wird einerseits durch direkte Umsetzung mit Arylacetylengrignardverbindungen und anschließende H2O‐Abspaltung in die Enacetylenaryle (I) sowie andererseits durch Umsetzung mit Li‐Acetylid, H2O‐ Eliminierung und Alkylierung zum Enacetylentritylderivat (III) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF DIBENZO‐FUSED SEVEN‐MEMBERED CYCLIC ALKYNES
Authors: LORCH M. , MEIER H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Benzoesäuren (I) bzw. (III) werden nach Arndt‐Eistert über die Intermediären (IIa)‐(IIc) [der Übergang von (IIb)‐(IIc) erfolgt unter Wolff‐Umlagerung nach Newman und Beal] bzw. (IVa) bis (IVc) zu den Säuren (IId) bzw. (IVd) homologisiert, die über die entsprechenden Ketone (V) in die Semicarbazone (VI) übergeführt werden; (VI) werden mit H2SeO3 zu den Selenadiazolen (VII) cyclisiert, deren Thermolyse zu den Dimeren (VIII) und den hoch gespannten Cycloalkinen (IX) führt; letztere werden mit den Reagenzien (XI) bzw. (XII) als Addukte (X) bzw. (XIII) abgefangen.
ChemInform Abstract: TRIBENZO(A,C,E)CYCLOOCTENE
Authors: HUANG N. Z. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBromierung des Dibenzocyclooctatetraens (I) liefert das Addukt (II), das sich mit Furan (III) in Gegenwart von Kalium‐tert.‐butylat zum Diels‐Alder‐Produkt (IV) umsetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF α‐DIALKYLAMINO STYRENES AND 2‐(α‐DIMETHYLAMINOVINYL)THIOPHENE WITH SULFENE AND MILD THERMOLYSIS OF 3‐PHENYL‐3‐DIMETHYLAMINOTHIETANE‐1,1‐DIOXIDE
Authors: KOIKOV L. N. , TERENT'EV P. B. , KULIKOV N. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus Mesylchlorid durch Dehydrochlorierung mit Triethylamin entstehendes Sulfen reagiert mit den Enaminen (I) glatt unter Bildung der Aminothietandioxide (II) (1H‐ NMR‐, 13C‐NMR‐, MS‐Daten); in den Fällen (a)‐(c) entstehen daneben geringere Mengen der Ketone (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME DERIVATIVES OF 1‐FORMYL‐3H‐PYRROLO(2,3‐C)CARBAZOLE
Authors: SIKHARULIDZE M. I. , KHOSHTARIYA T. E. , POLUKHINA L. M. , PERSHIN G. N. , SUVOROV N. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAusgehend von dem bereits früher beschriebenen l‐Formyl‐3H‐ pyrrolo[2,3‐c]carbazol (II) erhält man nach bekannten Methoden die Derivate (I) und (III)‐(V).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐METHYLALKYL(ARYL)THIACYCLOHEXANES
Authors: VOLYNSKII N. P. , PEREPELITCHENKO L. I. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Chlorether (I), in den Fällen (b) erhalten durch ZnCl2‐katalysierte Additionen von Chlordimethylether an terminale Olefine, werden in die Grignard‐Verbindungen, durch deren Umsetzungen mit Allylbromid in die ungesättigten Ether (II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC USES OF THE SEQUENTIAL RING POSITIONAL REACTIVITY IN PYRIDIN‐3‐OL AND DERIVATIVES
Authors: CLARK G. J. , DEADY L. W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Bromierung des Pyridinols (I) liefert die Mono‐ (II)‐bzw. Dibromderivate (III), die nach Methylierung in die Nitroverbindungen (IV) bzw. (VIII) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF (BISTRIFLUOROMETHYLAMINO)PYRIDINES
Authors: IRVIN C. M. , TIPPING A. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung des Oxadiazapentans (I) mit Pyridin und Halogenpyridinen liefert Gemische von bis‐trifluormethylamino‐substituiertem Pyridin und Chlorpyridinen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION OF SOME 2‐NITROACRIDINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: ROSEVEAR J. , WILSHIRE J. F. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Reaktion des Aldehyds (I) mit den entsprechenden Anilinen entstehen Gemische der 2‐Arylamino‐5‐nitro‐aldehyde (II) mit den Anilen (III) (die von ethanolischer Salzsäure zu den Aldehyden hydrolysiert werden).
ChemInform Abstract: BIGINELLI REACTION USING ACETOACETAMIDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: KATO T. , CHIBA T. , SASAKI M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung von Acetylacetamid (Ia) mit Benzaldehyd (II) und Hanrstoff (IIIa) bzw. Thioharnstoff (IIIb) ergibt 5‐Carbamoyl‐6‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐2‐pyrimidon (IVa) bzw. das Schwefelanaloge (IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: PTERINE CHEMISTRY. PART 78. SYNTHESIS OF 5,6,7,8‐TETRAHYDRO‐D‐NEOPTERINE TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE. ATTEMPT TO INTERPRET THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF L‐SEPIAPTERINE
Authors: ANTOULAS S. , VISCONTINI M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDa eine Phosphorylierung des D‐Neopterins (I) durch Eliminierungs‐ und Cyclisierungsreaktionen zu Schwierigkeiten f"hrt, wurde (I) hydriert und das Tetrahydroderivat (II) phosphoryliert.
ChemInform Abstract: PHENAZATHIONIUM CATIONS. III. THE SELECTIVE NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTIONS ON PHENAZATHIONIUM CATIONS
Authors: DIUDEA M. V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Disproportionierung der Phenothiaziniumtetrachlorocuprate (I) in Gegenwart der Nucleophile (II) liefert die 3‐substituierten Phenothiazine (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METAL HYDRIDES. XIX. RAPID REACTION OF TRIALKYLBORANES WITH LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF TRIETHYLENEDIAMINE. A FACILE AND QUANTITATIVE SYNTHESIS OF LITHIUM TRIALKYLBOROHYDRIDES, INCLUDING DERIVATIVES WITH EXCEPTIONALLY LARGE STERIC REQUIREMENTS
Authors: BROWN H. C. , HUBBARD J. L. , SINGARAM B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Trialkylborane (I) reagieren schnell mit Li‐tetrahydridoaluminat in Ether in Gegenwart von Triethylendiamin unter Bildung der entsprechenden Li‐hydridotrialkylborate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF BENZYL DERIVATIVES OF CARBORANES
Authors: ZAKHARKIN L. I. , KALININ V. N. , SHITIKOV V. K. , SERGEEV V. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie o‐, m‐ und p‐Carborane (I) werden mit Butyllithium (II) oder Natriumamid (IV) in die metallisierten Carborane (III) bzw. (V) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF TRIMETHYLCYANOSILANE WITH ACETYLACETONE
Authors: GOSTEVSKII B. A. , KRUGLAYA O. A. , ALBANOV A. I. , VYAZANKIN N. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus Trimethyl‐cyan‐ silan (I) und Acetylaceton (II) entsteht das Derivat (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES AND REACTIONS OF (TRIMETHYLSILOXY)BENZOYL CHLORIDES
Authors: SCHWARZ G. , ALBERTS H. , KRICHELDORF H. R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Trimethylsilyloxybenzoylchloride (I)‐(III) sind unter milden Bedingungen leicht durch Umsetzung von aus Hydroxybenzoesäuren gebildeten silylierten Trimethylsilylestern mit Thionylchlorid darzustellen, wie am Beispiel von (I) aus (IV) über (V) demonstriert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF PENTA(α,α,Ω‐TRIHYDROPOLYFLUOROALKOXY)PHOSPHORANES WITH ARENETHIOLS. TETRA(α,α,Ω‐TRIHYDROPOLYFLUOROALKOXY)PHENYLTHIOPHOSPHORANES
Authors: SHERMOLOVICH YU. G. , KOLESNIK N. P. , VASIL'EV V. V. , PASHINNIK V. E. , MARKOVSKII L. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Phosphoran (I) reagiert mit den Thiophenolen (II) zu den Sulfiden (IIIa)‐(IIId), außerdem entstehen dabei der Alkohol (IV) und das Phosphat (V).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF PHOSPHINIC AND PHOSPHINOUS ACID DERIVATIVES. CVII. STUDY OF THE REACTION OF PHOSPHORYLATED ENAMINES WITH ACROLEIN AND CROTONALDEHYDE
Authors: ALIKIN A. YU. , SOKOLOV M. P. , LIORBER B. G. , RAZUMOV A. I. , ZYKOVA T. V. , ZYKOV V. V. , SULEIMANOVA I. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie phosphorylierten Enamine (I) reagieren ohne Lösungsmittel mit Acrolein vorwiegend zu polymeren Verbindungen.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS. XXXVI. SIMPLE NEW ROUTES TO PHOSPHORINS FROM 2‐HYDROXY‐, 2‐MERCAPTO‐, AND 2‐AMINOBENZOIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES
Authors: EL‐BARBARY A. A. , LAWESSON S.‐O. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract2‐ Hydroxybenzoesäure (Ia) reagiert mit dem Dithiaphosphetandisulfid (II) unter Bildung des Benzoxanthiaphosphorinonsulfids (IIIa) (Ausb. 72%) und seines S‐Analogen (IIIb) (10%), während die analogen Ester (Ib) ausschließlich das Disulfid (IIIb) bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF 1‐TRICHLOROPHOSPHAZO‐1,1‐DICHLOROALKANES WITH ACRYLONITRILE
Authors: BOIKO A. P. , KUKHAR' V. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Trichlorphosphazo‐Verbindungen (I) reagieren mit Acrylnitril (II) ohne Lösungsmittel zu den Diazaphosphorinen (IIIa) und (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: SPLITTING OF THE PHOSPHORUS‐SULFUR BOND IN THIO DERIVATIVES OF PHOSPHORUS(III) ACIDS BY DITHIOPHOSPHORIC ACIDS
Authors: OFITSEROV E. N. , SINYASHIN O. G. , BATYEVA E. S. , PUDOVIK A. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Umsetzung der Diethyl‐dithio‐phosphorsäure (II) mit dem Phosphinit (I) bilden sich die Derivate (III) und (IV), von denen sich nur der Ethylester der Diethyl‐dithiophosphorsäure (IV) destillativ isolieren läßt. Das Ammoniumsalz (V) reagiert mit dem Phosphin (VI) zu dem gemischten Anhydrid (VII), das mit Schwefel das Derivat (VIII) bildet.
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATIVES OF 3‐THIENYLPHOSPHONIC ACID AND 1,2‐OXAPHOSPHOL‐3‐ENE
Authors: ANGELOV C. M. , VACHKOV K. V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Addition der Sulfenylchloride (II) an die Phosphonsäureester (I) entstehen unterschiedliche Mengen der Thiophene (III) bzw. der 1,2‐Oxaphosphol‐3‐ene (IV), die über NMR‐Daten charakterisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW ORGANOTIN SYNTHONS PROVIDING α‐ALKOXYORGANOLITHIUM REAGENTS
Authors: QUINTARD J.‐P. , ELISSONDO B. , PEREYRE M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie aus TributylstannylmagnesiumChlorid (I) durch Umsetzung mit den Orthoameisensäureestern (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSATION OF HALOBENZENES AND HALOFERROCENES WITH PHTHALIMIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF COPPER(I) OXIDE; A SIMPLIFIED GABRIEL REACTION
Authors: SATO M. , EBINE S. , AKABORI S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung der Halogenbenzole (I) bzw. ‐ferrocene (IV) mit Phthalimid (II) führt in Gegenwart von Kupfer‐ (I)‐oxid direkt zu N‐substituierten Phthalimiden (III) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: THE MECHANISM AND KINETICS OF THE SUBSTITUTION OF AZIDE, THIOCYANATE, AND CYANIDE IONS IN AQUAPENTACYANOCOBALTATE(III) AND PENTACYANOHYDROXYCOBALTATE(III)
Authors: BURNETT M. G. , GILFILLAN W. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, daß die Substitutionen am Hydroxo‐Titelkomplex durch Reaktionen des Aquo‐Komplexes, mit dem er sich im Gleichgewicht befindet, eintreten.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES OF DIVALENT METAL HALIDES WITH BENZO(C)CINNOLINE‐N,N′‐DIOXIDE
Authors: ALBANESE N. F. , HAENDLER H. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der 1:1‐molaren Umsetzung des in Eisessig gelösten Titelliganden mit den entsprechenden Metall(II)‐halogeniden in Methanol oder Eisessig entstehen die luft‐ und lichtbei ständigen sowie thermisch stabilen Komplexe (I) und (II) (keine Ausb.‐Angaben).
ChemInform Abstract: BISCYANINES WITH NONCONJUGATED CHROMOPHORES FROM N,N′‐POLYMETHYLENEBIS(BENZIMIDAZOLIUM) SALTS
Authors: MUSHKALO I. L. , TUROVA L. S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract1,2‐Dimethyl‐ bzw. 1‐Pheny1‐2‐methyl‐benzirnidazol (I) reagieren ‐toluolsulfonaten (II) oder mit Polymethylen‐dihalogeniden (IV) zu den benzimidazoliumsalzen IIIa ‐ IIIf.
ChemInform Abstract: CAROTENOIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. PART 36. FURTHER SYNTHESES OF ZEAXANTHIN AND RHODOXANTHIN
Authors: ELLIS P. R. , FARUK A. E. , MOSS G. P. , WEEDON B. C. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas acetylenische Triol (I) wird mit LiAlH4 in das Allendiol (II) übergeführt, das sich mit Ph3 PHBr zum Phosphoniumsalz (III) umlagert, dessen Umsetzung mit dem Dialdehyd (IV) das Apo‐Zeaxanthinal (V) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: PENTANORTRITERPENOIDS FROM AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS (MELIACEAE)
Authors: KRAUS W. , CRAMER R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Neem‐ Baum (Azadirachta indica) wurden erstmals Pentanortriterpenoide isoliert: Es handelt sich um Nimbinen (Ia), Desacetylnimbinen (Ib), Nimbandiol (IIa) und 6‐O‐Acetylnimbandiol (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF INSULIN PARTIAL SEQUENCE B15‐27(ALA 27) IN PROTECTED FORM
Authors: SCHWENZER B. , KEMPE G. , LOSSE G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIm Rahmen von Struktur‐Wirkungsuntersuchungen am Insulin wurde für den Aufbau von Peptiddisulfiden als Insulinmodelle die Titelsequenz (X) aus der B‐Kette benötigt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE 9Z AND 9Z,11E ISOMERS OF LEUKOTRIENE C4
Authors: BAKER S. R. , JAMIESON W. B. , OSBORNE D. J. , ROSS W. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Umsetzung von racemischem Leukotrien‐A4‐methylester (II) mit Glutathion erhält man nach Hydrolyse im wesentlichen das Addukt (I) neben einem Isomeren, dem die Struktur (IV) zukommt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 25‐HYDROXY‐24‐OXOVITAMIN D3, A NEW METABOLITE OF VITAMIN D3
Authors: YAMADA S. , OHMORI M. , TAKAYAMA H. , SUDA T. , TAKASAKI Y. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAuf dem im Formelschema angegebenen Weg erhält man aus dem Steroid (I) den Vitamin‐D3‐Metabolit (V).
Novel Total Synthesis of Mansouramycin B
Authors: Zhang Yi , Shi Xiaoxin , Meng Tianzhuo , Fan Qiqi , Lu Xia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA novel total synthesis of Mansouramycin B (1) was performed via 10 steps in 28% overall yield starting from the readily available and cheap salicylaldehyde. Two key steps of this total synthesis are noteworthy. The first one is base‐promoted one‐pot aerobic aromatization of N‐tosyltetrahydroisoquinoline 6, the second one is oxidation of 5‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐isoquinoline 8 with iodobenzene diacetate [PhI(OAc)2].
Pentafluoroethylbenziodoxole (BIX‐C2F5): A Shelf‐Stable Reagent for Pentafluoroethylation of β‐Ketoesters and Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Zhu Jiansheng , Li Yuguang , Ni Chuanfa , Shen Qilong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAn improved method for the preparation of pentafluoroethylating reagent pentafluoroethyl‐substituted benziodoxole (BIX‐C2F5) was described. Under mild conditions, BIX‐C2F5 was able to react with β‐ketoesters or aryl/heteroaryl boronic acids to generate pentafluoroethylated compounds in good yields.
Evolutionary ecology of pipefish brooding structures: embryo survival and growth do not improve with a pouch
Authors: Braga Goncalves Ines , Ahnesjö Ingrid , Kvarnemo Charlotta 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFor animals that reproduce in water, many adaptations in life‐history traits such as egg size, parental care, and behaviors that relate to embryo oxygenation are still poorly understood. In pipefishes, seahorses and seadragons, males care for the embryos either in some sort of brood pouch, or attached ventrally to the skin on their belly or tail. Typically, egg size is larger in the brood pouch group and it has been suggested that oxygen supplied via the pouch buffers the developing embryos against hypoxia and as such is an adaptation that has facilitated the evolution of larger eggs. Here, using four pipefish species, we tested whether the presence or absence of brood pouch relates to how male behavior, embryo size, and survival are affected by hypoxia, with normoxia as control. Two of our studied speciesEntelurus aequoreusandNerophis ophidion(both having small eggs) have simple ventral attachment of eggs onto the male trunk, and the other two,Syngnathus typhle(large eggs) andS. rostellatus(small eggs), have fully enclosed brood pouches on the tail. Under hypoxia, all species showed lower embryo survival, while species with brood pouches suffered greater embryo mortality compared to pouchless species, irrespective of oxygen treatment. Behaviorally, species without pouches spent more time closer to the surface, possibly to improve oxygenation. Overall, we found no significant benefits of brood pouches in terms of embryo survival and size under hypoxia. Instead, our results suggest negative effects of large egg size, despite the protection of brood pouches.
Comparison of alkaline pre‐treatment of MFI zeolites for N2O decomposition: different zeolite sources
Authors: Wu Minfang , Chen Xinqing , Zhong Liangshu , Wang Hui , Zhang Xinyan , Shen Qun , Wei Wei , Sun Yuhan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThree MFI parent zeolites with different morphological properties by different synthesis method were adopted. Alkaline treatment using sodium hydroxide was introduced to modify the structure of MFI zeolites. After iron exchange, the catalytic performance of both parent and modified MFI zeolites were evaluated in the N2O decomposition. The physicochemical properties were systematically characterized with various technologies, such as N2 adsorption‐desorption, ICP, XRD, UV‐Vis, 27Al MAS‐NMR, TEM. The experiment results prove that the Fe‐modified MFI catalysts with alkaline pre‐treatment show much better catalytic activity than Fe‐exchanged parent MFI catalysts. The curves of catalytic activities could move to low temperature range by 50‒100 °C. Furthermore, in the presence of NO, the performance gap between Fe‐Seed‐M, Fe‐Solid‐M, and Fe‐Com‐M three samples is obviously reduced. Amongst, for the Fe‐Solid‐M sample synthesized by the solvent‐free method, 90% N2O conversion could be attained at 500 °C, which shows potential to be applied the real condition. It is believed the hierarchical properties and the removal of amorphous substance is beneficial to the diffusion of ion exchange process. Therefore, the increase of active iron sites contributes to the improvement of catalytic performance. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
An explicit integral solution for pressure build‐up during CO2injection into infinite saline aquifers
Authors: Wu Haiqing , Bai Bing , Li Xiaochun , Gao Shuai , Liu Mingze , Wang Lei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe increase of fluid injection projects with large burial depths, such as CO2geological storage, poses a new challenge for the change law of pressure in reservoirs. To obtain the pressure of anywhere at anytime conveniently and then evaluate the injectivity and safety of reservoirs, a Darcy formulation suited for two‐phase flow of displacement is put forward in this paper. A convenient and practical explicit integral (analytical) solution of pressure build‐up for two‐phase flow under a constant injection rate of CO2, based on an infinite reservoir with a constant pressure boundary whose location is a function of time is then derived. Subsequently, this work compared the results of the explicit integral solution with the results of Nordbotten's approximate solution and the simulated results of TOUGH2/ECO2N for an analysis case of CO2injection, which demonstrated a good consistency, verifying the correctness and the reliability of the explicit integral solution. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis ofSlc(the saturation of brine in the CO2domain) andSlw1(the saturation of brine in the brine domain 1) showed that they both have a great impact on the pressure profiles in reservoirs, and the pressure is more sensitive toSlw1thanSlc. Therefore, the determination ofSlcandSlw1should be careful and based on the actual project in applications. Generally speaking, the explicit integral solution is simple, convenient, and practical compared with numerical simulators and other analytical solutions with similar assumptions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Experimental investigation of seismic velocity behavior of CO2 saturated sandstones under varying temperature and pressure conditions
Authors: Naseryan Moghadam Javad , Mondol Nazmul Haque , Aagaard Per , Hellevang Helge 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSubsurface storage of CO2 into geological formations is considered an important strategy to mitigate increasing atmospheric CO2. Time‐lapse seismic monitoring is an integral component of a geological CO2 sequestration project because the seismic behavior of the rock is a function of both mineralogical composition and pore fluid properties. At the uppermost kilometer of the sedimentary basin, CO2 can be present at gaseous, liquid, and supercritical states, with the supercritical and liquid states preferred in CO2 storage operations due to the higher sweep efficiency. In this study, the seismic velocities [both compressional (Vp) and shear (Vs) waves] of two CO2‐saturated sandstone core plugs (Red Wildmoor and Knorringfjellet formations) have been measured under a range of temperatures and pressures in which CO2 phase transitions occur. The experiments were done using a uniaxial hydrostatic cell equipped with seismic wave transmitting and receiving transducers. The experimental investigation illustrated that seismic velocities (both Vp and Vs) decreased until the critical point was reached. Further increases in the CO2 pressure above the critical point led to a gradual increasing of Vp while the Vs remained unchanged. The effect of CO2 on the seismic velocity of the sandstone was compared with the effects of N2 and distilled water at the same conditions. It was further indicated that the seismic velocity changes were mainly connected to significant changes of CO2 density and the corresponding bulk rock moduli over the critical point. The observed velocities are in good agreement with Gassmann‐predicted velocities as well as literature data. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Sequence characterization and in silico structure prediction of fatty acid desaturases in linseed varieties with differential fatty acid composition
Authors: Rajwade Ashwini V , Joshi Rakesh S , Kadoo Narendra Y , Gupta Vidya S 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDLinseed is the richest agricultural source of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), an ω‐3 fatty acid (FA) that offers several nutritional benefits. In the present study, sequence characterization of six desaturase genes (SAD1, SAD2, FAD2, FAD2‐2, FAD3A and FAD3B) and 3D structure prediction of their proteins from ten Indian linseed varieties differing in ALA content were performed to determine whether the nucleotide and amino acid (AA) sequence variants have any functional implications in differential accumulation of ALA or other FAs in linseed.RESULTSThe SAD and FAD2 genes exhibited few sequence variations among the ten varieties, forming only one or two protein isoforms. In contrast, the FAD3A and FAD3B genes showed more sequence variations and three or four protein isoforms. Interestingly, the two high‐ALA varieties NL260 and Padmini had the same FAD3B nucleotide and protein isoforms, which differed from all other varieties. Surprisingly, no AA changes altered the 3D structures of the desaturase proteins.CONCLUSIONSeveral nucleotide and AA sequence variations in desaturase genes were observed; however, they did not alter the 3D structure of any desaturase protein and were not correlated with FA levels among the ten linseed varieties, which had different ALA contents. This suggests a complex regulatory process of biosynthesis of FAs in linseed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry