bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin Represses Metastasis inHer2-Postive Human Breast Cancer Cells by Suppressing RSK2 Expression
Authors: Mao Lulu , Summers Whitney , Xiang Shulin , Yuan Lin , Dauchy Robert T. , Reynolds Amberly , Wren-Dail Melissa A. , Pointer David , Frasch Tripp , Blask David E. , Hill Steven M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe importance of the circadian/melatonin signal in suppressing the metastatic progression of breast and other cancers has been reported by numerous laboratories including our own. Currently, the mechanisms underlying the antimetastatic actions of melatonin have not been well established. In the present study, the antimetastatic actions of melatonin were evaluated and compared on the ERα-negative, Her2-positive SKBR-3 breast tumor cell line and ERα-positive MCF-7 cells overexpressing a constitutively active HER2.1 construct (MCF-7Her2.1 cells). Activation of Her2 is reported to induce the expression and/or phosphorylation-dependent activation of numerous kinases and transcription factors that drive drug resistance and metastasis in breast cancer. A key signaling node activated by the Her2/Mapk/Erk pathway is Rsk2, which has been shown to induce numerous signaling pathways associated with the development of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis including: Creb, Stat3, cSrc, Fak, Pax, Fascin, and actin polymerization. The data demonstrate that melatonin (both endogenous and exogenous) significantly represses this invasive/metastatic phenotype through a mechanism that involves the suppression of EMT, either by promoting mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, and/or by inhibiting key signaling pathways involved in later stages of metastasis. These data, combined with our earlier in vitro studies, support the concept that maintenance of elevated and extended duration of nocturnal melatonin levels plays a critical role in repressing the metastatic progression of breast cancer.Implications: Melatonin inhibition of Rsk2 represses the metastatic phenotype in breast cancer cells suppressing EMT or inhibiting other mechanisms that promote metastasis; disruption of the melatonin signal may promote metastatic progression in breast cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 14(11); 1159–69. ©2016 AACR.
Understanding Decreases in Land Relative Humidity with Global Warming: Conceptual Model and GCM Simulations
Authors: Byrne Michael P. , O’Gorman Paul A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Climate models simulate a strong land–ocean contrast in the response of near-surface relative humidity to global warming; relative humidity tends to increase slightly over oceans but decrease substantially over land. Surface energy balance arguments have been used to understand the response over ocean but are difficult to apply over more complex land surfaces. Here, a conceptual box model is introduced, involving atmospheric moisture transport between the land and ocean and surface evapotranspiration, to investigate the decreases in land relative humidity as the climate warms. The box model is applied to simulations with idealized and full-complexity (CMIP5) general circulation models, and it is found to capture many of the features of the simulated changes in land humidity. The simplest version of the box model gives equal fractional increases in specific humidity over land and ocean. This relationship implies a decrease in land relative humidity given the greater warming over land than ocean and modest changes in ocean relative humidity, consistent with a mechanism proposed previously. When evapotranspiration is included, it is found to be of secondary importance compared to ocean moisture transport for the increase in land specific humidity, but it plays an important role for the decrease in land relative humidity. For the case of a moisture forcing over land, such as from stomatal closure, the response of land relative humidity is strongly amplified by the induced change in land surface–air temperature, and this amplification is quantified using a theory for the link between land and ocean temperatures.
Loop Current Frontal Eddies: Formation along the Campeche Bank and Impact of Coastally Trapped Waves
Authors: Jouanno Julien , Ochoa José , Pallàs-Sanz Enric , Sheinbaum Julio , Andrade-Canto Fernando , Candela Julio , Molines Jean-Marc 
Published: August 2016

AbstractVelocity data from a mooring array deployed northeast of the Campeche Bank (CB) show the presence of subinertial, high-frequency (below 15 days) velocity fluctuations within the core of the northward flowing Loop Current. These fluctuations are associated with the presence of surface-intensified Loop Current frontal eddies (LCFEs), with cyclonic vorticity and diameter < 100 km. These eddies are well reproduced by a high-resolution numerical simulation of the Gulf of Mexico, and the model analysis suggests that they originate along and north of the CB, their main energy source being the mixed baroclinic–barotropic instability of the northward flow along the shelf break. There is no indication that these high-frequency LCFEs contribute to the LC eddy detachment in contrast to the low-frequency LCFEs (periods > 30 days) that have been linked to Caribbean eddies and the LC separation process. Model results show that wind variability associated with winter cold surges are responsible for the emergence of high-frequency LCFEs in a narrow band of periods (6–10 day) in the region of the CB. The dynamical link between the formation of these LCFEs and the wind variability is not direct: (i) the large-scale wind perturbations generate sea level anomalies on the CB as well as first baroclinic mode, coastally trapped waves in the western Gulf of Mexico; (ii) these waves propagate cyclonically along the coast; and (iii) the interaction of these anomalies with the Loop Current triggers cyclonic vorticity perturbations that grow in intensity as they propagate downstream and develop into cyclonic eddies when they flow north of the Yucatan shelf.
Opposite Variability of Indonesian Throughflow and South China Sea Throughflow in the Sulawesi Sea
Authors: Wei Jun , Li M. T. , Malanotte-Rizzoli P. , Gordon A. L. , Wang D. X. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBased on a high-resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) regional ocean model covering the entire northern Pacific, this study investigated the seasonal and interannual variability of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and the South China Sea Throughflow (SCSTF) as well as their interactions in the Sulawesi Sea. The model efficiency in simulating the general circulations of the western Pacific boundary currents and the ITF/SCSTF through the major Indonesian seas/straits was first validated against the International Nusantara Stratification and Transport (INSTANT) data, the OFES reanalysis, and results from previous studies. The model simulations of 2004–12 were then analyzed, corresponding to the period of the INSTANT program. The results showed that, derived from the North Equatorial Current (NEC)–Mindanao Current (MC)–Kuroshio variability, the Luzon–Mindoro–Sibutu flow and the Mindanao–Sulawesi flow demonstrate opposite variability before flowing into the Sulawesi Sea. Although the total transport of the Mindanao–Sulawesi flow is much larger than that of the Luzon–Mindoro–Sibutu flow, their variability amplitudes are comparable but out of phase and therefore counteract each other in the Sulawesi Sea. Budget analysis of the two major inflows revealed that the Luzon–Mindoro–Sibutu flow is enhanced southward during winter months and El Niño years, when more Kuroshio water intrudes into the SCS. This flow brings more buoyant SCS water into the western Sulawesi Sea through the Sibutu Strait, building up a west-to-east pressure head anomaly against the Mindanao–Sulawesi inflow and therefore resulting in a reduced outflow into the Makassar Strait. The situation is reversed in the summer months and La Niña years, and this process is shown to be more crucially important to modulate the Makassar ITF’s interannual variability than the Luzon–Karimata flow that is primarily driven by seasonal monsoons.
Hail Climatology and Trends in Romania: 1961–2014
Authors: Burcea Sorin , Cică Roxana , Bojariu Roxana 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA climatology and trend of hail events in Romania are presented using hail data spanning the years 1961–2014. Hail observations from weather stations and model reanalysis data were used to document the spatial and temporal distributions, variabilities, and environments of hail events. The results show that hail occurs most frequently in mountainous areas, while the smallest average number of hail days per year is found in the southeast. Herein, the convective season was defined as April–September, given that 94.2% of all mean monthly hail days were identified in this period. During the convective season the hail events prevail with most of these occurring in the afternoon and evening hours between 1000 and 1800 UTC. The severe hail events occur, overall, between 1400 and 1600 UTC, while in the southwest severe hail occurs later between 1600 and 1900 UTC. The spatial distribution of the convective parameters is consistent with the spatial distribution of hail days, revealing that hail is not favored in southeastern Romania, but in the rest of the country. The trend analysis of mean hail days per year disclose that 55.2% of all stations show a statistically significant upward trend, 3.8% show a statistically significant downward trend, while 40.9% show no statistically significant trend. A correlation between the variability of hail days per year and the variability in the occurrence of low pressure systems of Atlantic origin exists, the latter generating low pressure systems over the Mediterranean Sea that supply eastern Europe with the moist air needed for convection.
Correlation between chronic headaches and the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle: A comparative analysis of cross-sectional trail
Authors: Yuan Xiao-Ying , Yu Sheng-Bo , Liu Cong , Xu Qiang , Zheng Nan , Zhang Jian-Fei , Chi Yan-Yan , Wang Xu-Gang , Lin Xiang-Tao , Sui Hong-Jin 
Published: August 2016

Objective We aimed to investigate the morphological changes and potential correlation between chronic headaches and the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle (RCPmi). Methods Comparison of RCPmi between patients with chronic headaches and healthy adult volunteers were collected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Mimics software. Results Among the 235 MRI images analyzed, the data between the two groups were considered statistically significant. The number of males was larger than that of females ( p < 0.001) and the headache group showed greater hypertrophy than the control group in both males ( p < 0.001) and females ( p = 0.001). Conclusions Chronic headaches were correlated with the RCPmi. Patients with chronic headaches suffered from more obvious hypertrophy than that of the control group. Additionally, it was supposed that RCPmi hypertrophy may be one pathogenesis of the chronic headaches.
Midbrain raphe hypoechogenicity in migraineurs: An indicator for the use of analgesics but not triptans
Authors: Hamerla Gordian , Kropp Peter , Meyer Bianca , Rocco Alessandro , Jürgens Tim P , Walter Uwe 
Published: August 2016

Introduction The involvement of the serotonergic system of the brainstem raphe in the pathogenesis of migraine is discussed. Here we studied brainstem alterations in migraineurs using transcranial sonography and examined their relation to clinical features and self-medication. Methods We investigated 51 migraineurs (11 men, 40 women, mean age 29.7 ± 11.9 years) and 32 healthy individuals without history of headache or depressive disorder (eight men, 24 women, mean age 34.4 ± 13.0 years). Transcranial sonography was performed in an investigator-blinded fashion. Midbrain raphe echogenicity was quantified using digitized analysis. Migraine characteristics and the use of analgesics were evaluated by applying validated questionnaires. Eight migraineurs underwent neurophysiologic evaluation of contingent stimulus-related cortical potentials. Results Echo-reduced midbrain raphe was detected in 27 (53%) migraineurs, but only six (19%) control subjects (odds ratio = 4.87, p = 0.002). Lower raphe echogenicity correlated with both higher amplitude of terminal contingent negative variation (Spearman test, r = 0.76, p = 0.028) and higher use of analgesic drugs ( r = −0.45, p = 0.011), but not with use of triptans or with migraine frequency or severity (all p > 0.2). Compared to migraineurs without aura, migraineurs with aura had enlarged third ventricles (t-test, p = 0.014), while the lateral ventricle widths did not differ ( p = 0.62). Conclusions Midbrain raphe alteration is frequent in migraineurs and relates to self-medication behavior. This alteration may reflect the dysfunction of serotonergic raphe nuclei.
Source and Message Framing Considerations for Recruiting Mature Adults as Organ Donors Through Direct Mail Campaigns
Authors: Quick Brian L. , Reynolds-Tylus Tobias , Fico Ashley E. , Feeley Thomas Hugh 
Published: August 2016

Context: Mature adults represent an important audience segment for organ donation practitioners. Despite their potential impact as organ donors, compared to other age demographics, their registration rates are much lower. Objective: The objective of the current campaign was to determine the most effective source and message strategy to promote organ and tissue donation among mature adults. Methods: A 2 (states: Illinois and Iowa) by 2 (sources: government agency and organ procurement organization [OPO]) by 3 (taglines: Any age is the right age to share the gift of life, Don’t rule yourself out, and Don’t rule yourself out: Any age is the right age to share the gift of life) between-subjects design was used to test the effectiveness of direct mailings promoting organ donation to mature adults. Results: Across both Illinois and Iowa, the results revealed that greater organ donation registration rates emerged following exposure to direct mail authored by a state official such as the Illinois Secretary of State or the Iowa Department of Public Health compared to local OPOs. Conclusions: Overall, the findings speak to the effectiveness of direct mail marketing campaign’s ability to register potential organ donors. Moreover, the results reveal that it is more important who sends the message as opposed to what the message states.
Delirium as presenting symptom of neuro-Behcet’s disease
Authors: Alnasser Alsukhni Rana , Ghoubari Mohamed Sourat , Aboras Yasmin , Almohamad Alkhalifa Khadija 
Published: August 2016

Objectives: Behcet’s disease is a multisystemic disorder. Most of its clinical manifestations are due to thrombosis or vasculitis. There is a predominance of mucocutaneous and ocular lesions; neurological manifestations are minority. However, this could be the first problem that leads a patient to seek medical help. Methods: We report a 30-year-old female with rapidly progressive headaches and confusion. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral thalamic T2 hyperintense lesions and hemorrhage. Directed inquiry revealed recurrent oral ulcers and three miscarriages. During hospitalization, the patient developed a deep venous thrombosis. Results: After exclusion of other differential diagnoses, the diagnosis of Behcet’s disease was established. Conclusion: Behcet’s disease is a protean disease. Hence it should be in mind in patients with otherwise unexplained signs and symptoms, especially in endemic countries, and treatment decision should not be witheld in critical cases if no alternative diagnosis is plausible.
Biparametric versus multiparametric MRI in the diagnosis of prostate cancer
Authors: Thestrup Karen Cecilie Duus , Logager Vibeke , Baslev Ingerd , Møller Jakob M , Hansen Rasmus Hvass , Thomsen Henrik S 
Published: August 2016

Background Since multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) of the prostate exceeds 30 min, minimizing the evaluation time of significant (Gleason scores > 6) prostate cancer (PCa) would be beneficial. A reduced protocol might be sufficient for the diagnosis. Purpose To study whether a short unenhanced biparametric MRI (bp-MRI) matches mp-MRI in detecting significant PCa. Material and Methods A total of 204 men (median age, 65 years; mean ± SD, 64.1; range 45–75 years; median serum PSA level, 14 ng/mL; range, 2.2–120 ng/mL; median prostate volume, 60 mL; range, 23–263 mL) fulfilled the criteria for being enrolled. They underwent mp-MRI and prostate biopsy from January through June 2014. Of the included patients, 9.3% underwent prostatectomy, 90.7% had TRUS-bx, and 10.8 had MRI-targeted TRUS-bx. Two radiologists separately assessed the mp-MRI examination (T2-weighted [T2W] imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI], apparent diffusion coefficient map [ADC-map] and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging [DCE]). Two months later, the bp-MRI version (T2W imaging, DWI, and ADC-map) was evaluated. Results Reader 1: Assessing mp-MRI: 0 false negatives, sensitivity of 1, and specificity 0.04. Assessing bp-MRI: four false negatives, sensitivity of 0.94, and specificity 0.15. Reader 2: Assessing mp-MRI: five false negatives, sensitivity of 0.93, and specificity 0.16. Assessing bp-MRI: three false negatives, sensitivity of 0.96, and specificity 0.15. Intra-reader agreement Cohen’s Kappa (κ) was 0.87 for reader 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83–0.92) and 0.84 for reader 2 (95% CI 0.78–0.89). Conclusion Bp-MRI is as good as mp-MRI at detecting PCa. A large prospective study seems to be strongly warranted.
A quantitative metabolomics profiling approach for the noninvasive assessment of liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Sarfaraz M. Omair , Myers Robert P. , Coffin Carla S. , Gao Zu‐Hua , Shaheen Abdel Aziz M. , Crotty Pam M. , Zhang Ping , Vogel Hans J. , Weljie Aalim M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐throughput technologies have the potential to identify non‐invasive biomarkers of liver pathology and improve our understanding of basic mechanisms of liver injury and repair. A metabolite profiling approach was employed to determine associations between alterations in serum metabolites and liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.MethodsSera from 45 non‐diabetic patients with chronic HCV were quantitatively analyzed using 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. A metabolite profile of advanced fibrosis (METAVIR F3‐4) was established using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis modeling and validated using seven‐fold cross‐validation and permutation testing. Bioprofiles of moderate to severe steatosis (≥33 %) and necroinflammation (METAVIR A2‐3) were also derived. The classification accuracy of these profiles was determined using areas under the receiver operator curves (AUROCSs) measuring against liver biopsy as the gold standard.ResultsIn total 63 spectral features were profiled, of which a highly significant subset of 21 metabolites were associated with advanced fibrosis (variable importance score >1 in multivariate modeling; R2 = 0.673 and Q2 = 0.285). For the identification of F3–4 fibrosis, the metabolite bioprofile had an AUROC of 0.86 (95 % CI 0.74–0.97). The AUROCs for the bioprofiles for moderate to severe steatosis were 0.87 (95 % CI 0.76–0.97) and for grade A2–3 inflammation were 0.73 (0.57–0.89).ConclusionThis proof‐of‐principle study demonstrates the utility of a metabolomics profiling approach to non‐invasively identify biomarkers of liver fibrosis, steatosis and inflammation in patients with chronic HCV. Future cohorts are necessary to validate these findings.
Probiotic Weisella paramesenteroides on enteropathogenic E. coli-induced diarrhea
Authors: Aslinar Aslinar , Jurnalis Yusri Dianne , Purwati Endang , Sayoeti Yorva 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundEnteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a causative agent of intestinal inflammation and microfloral imbalance, leading to diarrhea. The presence of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the feces is an indicator of inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. Dadih, (local made of fermented buffalo milk), contains probiotics and is widely consumed by the people in West Sumatera, Indonesia. Weisella paramesenteroides, a probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), has been isolated from dadih and is believed to be useful for improving intestinal microflora balance and inhibiting the activity of harmful microbes.ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of W. paramesenteroides administration in various doses and durations on bowel frequency, stool’s TNF-α levels, and intestinal microflora balance on mice with EPEC-induced diarrhea.MethodThis randomized experimental animal study examined two factors relating to the effects of W. paramesenteroides on EPEC-induced diarrhea, namely doses of probiotics (factor A), and durations of observation (factor B). The subjects consisted of 100 male white mice (Mus musculus) aged 8 weeks, with weights of 25-30 grams. The outcomes measured were bowel frequency, stool’s TNF-α levels, and the balance of intestinal microflora on mice with EPEC-induced diarrhea. Subjects were divided into 5 groups: the negative control group (received neither EPEC nor probiotic), positive control group (received only EPEC), and three experimental groups (received EPEC and different doses of W. paramesenteroides ). Probiotics were given twice at the 12-hours and 24-hours for the experimental groups, while the durations of observation conssited of baseline, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours.ResultsAfter 36 hours, subjects with EPEC-induced diarrhea who received W. Paramesenteroides administration in doses of 2 x 108 (A3), were found to have the largest decline of mean defecation (a 4.4-fold decline) and the largest decline of stool’s mean TNF-α levels (48.3 pg/mL), compared to the positive control group, and other experimental groups who received higher doses of probiotics.
Flower opening and vase life of gladiolus cultivars: the sensitivity to ethylene and the carbohydrate content
Authors: Da Costa Lucas Cavalcante , Finger Fernando Luiz 
Published: August 2016

Vase life is one of the most important characteristics in the quality of cut flowers. The carbohydrate content of petals from each cultivar can be a decisive factor to vase life of gladiolus flowers. Despite exposure to ethylene does not affect the life of open florets of gladiolus flowers, it may reduce the flower’s commercial life due the occurrence of flower buds abortion. This study thus aimed to evaluate the flower opening and the vase life of gladiolus flowers according to ethylene sensitivity and carbohydrate content of each cultivar. The gladiolus cultivars used in Experiment I were ‘Amsterdam’, ‘Blue Frost’, ‘Gold Field’, ‘Green Star’, ‘Jester’, ‘Lavender’, ‘Red Beauty’, ‘Rose Supreme’, ‘Traderhorn’, and ‘Verônica’. Stems were stored in airtight chambers and exposed to the ethylene concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100, and 1000 μL L−1 for 24 h. Subsequently, flower stem were placed in a test tube with distilled water when were evaluated for percentage of flower opening and vase life. In Experiment II, three cultivars (‘Amsterdam’, ‘Red Beauty’, and ‘Verônica’) were chosen based on the lowest, medium, and highest vase life in Experiment I, respectively. Total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, and starch contents were evaluated in five flower developmental stages. No effect of ethylene on the flower opening or alterations in flower opening between cultivars. The vase life of gladiolus flowers differed between cultivars regardless of ethylene action. ‘Verônica’ and ‘Amsterdam’, which had the highest and lowest vase life, respectively, differed as to the total soluble sugar content. Ethylene does not influence the flower opening or vase life of the gladiolus cultivars studied. In these cultivars, the maintenance of flower opening is attributed to total soluble sugars content, which, in turn, is a major determinant of the vase life.