bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical trajectory of patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Kjær Jesper Nørgaard , Biskin Robert , Vestergaard Claus , Gustafsson Lea Nørgreen , Munk‐Jørgensen Povl 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe epidemiological data on the diagnostic course of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) is limited. We used a nationwide register to investigate the diagnostic stability and changes over time.MethodThe Danish nationwide registers were used to follow all patients with a diagnosis of BPD and investigate their first‐ever psychiatric diagnosis and their latest diagnosis in the time period of 1995–2012. From this, we found the diagnostic stability and described the diagnostic changes.ResultsA total of 10 786 patients diagnosed with BPD were identified. The prospective diagnostic stabilities were 37% for females and 25% for males, and retrospective stabilities were 20% for females and 22% for males. More than 60% of patients received other diagnoses than BPD as their first‐ever diagnosis. Stress‐related (17%) and depressive disorders (14%) were most frequent as first‐ever diagnosis. The latest diagnosis remained BPD in nearly half of females and one third of males, followed by schizophrenia, notably for those with longer follow‐up and males.ConclusionThis study gives a detailed display of complicated clinical trajectories. The low diagnostic stabilities demonstrate a heterogenous patient group diagnosed with many other psychiatric diagnoses over time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a Design Methodology Against Fast Cook‐Off Threat for Insensitive Munitions
Authors: Sahin Hakan , Narin Bekir , Kurtulus D. Funda 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis work provides a design methodology for a typical energetic system to get Type V insensitive munition (IM) response against fast cook‐off threat. Experimental and numerical results for a generic test item filled with PBXN‐109 explosive are presented. Two key aspects of IM design against fast cook‐off threat are investigated, which are “time‐to‐reaction” and “critical ventilation area”. By dividing the problem to pre‐ignition and post‐ignition, the complexity of the problem is reduced. The first part of the study covers two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional simulations of the problem, where the generic test item is modelled using commercial CFD software (ANSYS – Fluent). The second part of the study reveals low pressure (2–10 MPa) burning characteristics of a PBXN‐109 by strand burner tests. After obtaining the pressure dependent burning rate, a conservation of mass equation is used to determine the chamber pressure using MATLAB Simulink software. Calculations are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. Calculations are compared with the tests performed. The results are in reasonable agreement with some discrepancies of 8.9 % for time to reaction prediction and of 10.9 % for ventilation characteristics analyses. Possible reasons of these differences are discussed.
Insensitive High Explosives II: 3,3′‐Diamino‐4,4′‐azoxyfurazan (DAAF)
Authors: Koch Ernst‐Christian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper reviews the synthesis, properties, performance, and safety of the insensitive explosive 3,3′‐diamino‐4,4′‐azoxyfurazan (DAAF, C4H4N8O3), CAS‐No. [78644‐89‐0], and 18 formulations based on it. Though having a moderate crystal density only, DAAF offers high positive heat of formation and hence superior performance when compared with TATB. It is friction and impact insensitive but is more sensitive to shock than TATB and has an exceptionally small critical diameter and performs very well at low temperatures unlike other insensitive explosives. 39 references to the public domain are given. For Part I see Ref. [1].
Metal binding affinity and structural properties of calmodulin‐like protein 14 from Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Vallone Rosario , La Verde Valentina , D'Onofrio Mariapina , Giorgetti Alejandro , Dominici Paola , Astegno Alessandra 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn addition to the well‐known Ca2+ sensor calmodulin, plants possess many calmodulin‐like proteins (CMLs) that are predicted to have specific roles in the cell. Herein, we described the biochemical and biophysical characterization of recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana CML14. We applied isothermal titration calorimetry to analyze the energetics of Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding to CML14, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, together with intrinsic and ANS‐based fluorescence, to evaluate the structural effects of metal binding and metal‐induced conformational changes. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry and limited proteolysis were used to characterize protein thermal and local stability. Our data demonstrate that CML14 binds one Ca2+ ion with micromolar affinity (Kd ∼ 12 µM) and the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ decreases the Ca2+ affinity by ∼5‐fold. Although binding of Ca2+ to CML14 increases protein stability, it does not result in a more hydrophobic protein surface and does not induce the large conformational rearrangement typical of Ca2+ sensors, but causes only localized structural changes in the unique functional EF‐hand. Our data, together with a molecular modelling prediction, provide interesting insights into the biochemical properties of Arabidopsis CML14 and may be useful to direct additional studies aimed at understanding its physiological role.
Nature of Science or Nature of the Sciences?
Authors: SCHIZAS DIMITRIOS , PSILLOS DIMITRIS , STAMOU GEORGE 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe present essay examines the emerging issue of domain‐general versus domain‐specific nature of science (NOS) understandings from a perspective that illuminates the value of domain‐specific philosophies of science for the growth and development of the NOS educational field. Under the assumption that individual sciences do have their own character, we address the unique ontological, methodological, and epistemological features of Newtonian physics and evolutionary biology and we articulate the important differences that exist between the worldviews associated with these scientific fields, namely, the Newtonian and the neo‐Darwinian scientific worldviews. The former worldview is consistent in many respects with assumptions that are grounded on positivism, whereas the latter worldview provides an alternative understanding of NOS, which is predominately based in the techniques of hermeneutics and historical sciences. We subsequently attempt to present the current inadequacies and weaknesses that the NOS field is challenged with as a result of not incorporating the differences between the Newtonian and neo‐Darwinian worldviews into its research or instructional agenda. In addition, we outline the heuristic power for the NOS field that may accompany a potential shift from a homogeneous view of NOS to a view more informed by the specificities of any particular science or scientific field.
Promoting Students’ Attention to Argumentative Reasoning Patterns
Authors: CAVAGNETTO ANDY R. , KURTZ KENNETH J. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTArgument‐based interventions in science education have largely been motivated by the perspective that students lack knowledge of argument. Recent studies, however, suggest that contextual factors influence students’ argument quality. The authors hypothesize that a key limiting factor lies in students’ abilities to recognize when to employ knowledge related to argumentative reasoning. Students hold knowledge that can remain inert if the context fails to trigger access. The article reports on two experiments exploring the influence of context on recognition of argumentative reasoning. Each experiment used performance on a categorization task as the dependent variable. The first experiment (E1) tested the effect of targeted cues on participants’ identification of fallacious reasoning patterns. The second experiment (E2) examined the role of scenario context. E1 revealed a significant advantage in promoting detection of fallacious reasoning patterns when targeted cues were present. E2 suggests that the broad context of scenarios also influences reasoning patterns. These findings reveal that lack of knowledge of argument may not be the principal constraint on students’ argument abilities. Rather, contextual details can have a significant influence on activation of knowledge bases that contribute to argumentative reasoning. Instructional implications are discussed.
Free Radical Scavenging Reactions of Tetrahydroxyquinone: A Pulse Radiolysis Study
Authors: Joshi Ravi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFree radical induced redox reaction kinetics and mechanism of tetrahydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone (THQ) has been studied using pulse radiolysis technique. THQ efficiently scavenged hydrated electron, superoxide radical anion, ethanol radical, hydroxyl radical, azidyl radical, thiocyanate radical anion, sulfate radical anion, haloperoxyl radical, lipid peroxyl radical, tryptophanyl radical and tyrosyl radical. Transient absorption spectra of THQ semiquinone radical anion, THQ radical cation and THQ radical produced with these free radicals and rate constants for these reactions have been studied. A probable mechanism of free radical induced redox reactions of THQ has been proposed. Reaction of THQ with free radicals and cyclic voltammetry measurements suggest its oxidation potentials at 0.81 V and 0.94 V vs NHE. To the best of our knowledge, free radical reactions of THQ have been reported for the first time.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Thiolation Annulation of 2‐Fluorophenylacetylene Derivatives: Expedient Synthesis of Benzo[b]thiophenes Using Na2S•9H2O
Authors: Li Yibiao , Cheng Liang , Li Bin , Jiang Shaohua , Chen Lu , Shao Yan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe present here valuable extensions to our previous work in preparing highly functionalized benzo[b]thiophene via thiolation annulation of 2‐fluorophenylacetylene derivatives using Na2S•9H2O under transition‐metal‐free conditions. This practical process was initiated by a Na2S•9H2O induced providing 2‐alkynyl benzenethiol, followed by annulation process affording the corresponding benzo[b]thiophene in moderate to good yields from simple and readily available starting materials.
Benz–amidinato Stabilized a Monomeric Calcium Iodide and a Lithium Calciate(II) Cluster featuring Group 1 and Group 2 Elements
Authors: Yadav Sandeep , Swamy V. S. V. S. N. , Gonnade Rajesh , Sen Sakya S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSoluble calcium halides reported so far are mostly dimeric in nature. The halides occupy the bridging position and thus provide additional coordination to the metal. We obtained a monomeric calcium iodide [{PhC(NiPr)2}CaI(thf)3] (1) from the reaction of [PhC(NiPr)2]Li with CaI2 in THF. The compound has been stabilized by electronic donation and steric shielding from the amidinate ligand as well as coordination of three THF molecules. 1 does not show any propensity towards ligand exchange reaction. When the same reaction is carried out in diethyl ether instead of THF, it led to the formation of a Li calciate(II) cluster of composition L2Ca4I8Li4O (L=PhC(NiPr)2) (2) with an encapsulated O2− in the middle of a tetrahedron spanned by four Ca2+ ions. 2 represents a metal‐rich halide comprising of both alkali and alkaline earth metals which is quite unprecedented. Another notable aspect is that the amidinate ligand binds to the calcium atom in chelating bidentate mode in 1, whereas in 2 each N atom of the amidinate ligands binds to two Ca atoms leading to bridging bis‐chelating coordination mode.
Dendrimer‐based nanocarriers: a versatile platform for drug delivery
Authors: Hsu Hao‐Jui , Bugno Jason , Lee Seung‐ri , Hong Seungpyo 
Published: April 2016

Advances in nanotechnology have had profound impacts on therapeutic delivery, leading to the development of nanomaterials engineered with large carrying capabilities and targeting functionalities. Among the nanomaterials, dendrimers have garnered particular attention from researchers owing to their well‐defined structure, near‐monodispersity, and ease of multifunctionalization. As hyperbranched, three‐dimensional macromolecules, dendrimers can be engineered to target and deliver a wide range of therapeutic agents, including small molecules, peptides, and genes, reducing their systemic toxicities and enhancing efficacies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the commonly employed dendrimer‐based nanocarrier designs, including dendrimer conjugates, Janus dendrimers, and linear‐dendritic block copolymers. The discussion will progress through the basic synthetic strategies of dendrimer‐based nanocarriers, followed by the potential clinical applications related to their unique structural properties. Finally, the major challenges that these nanocarriers are currently facing in their clinical translation and possible solutions to address these issues will be discussed, with the aim to provide researchers in the drug delivery field a good understanding of the potential utilities of dendrimer‐based nanocarriers. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1409. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1409This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Dual roles of DNA repair enzymes in RNA biology/post‐transcriptional control
Authors: Vohhodina Jekaterina , Harkin D. Paul , Savage Kienan I. 
Published: April 2016

Despite consistent research into the molecular principles of the DNA damage repair pathway for almost two decades, it has only recently been found that RNA metabolism is very tightly related to this pathway, and the two ancient biochemical mechanisms act in alliance to maintain cellular genomic integrity. The close links between these pathways are well exemplified by examining the base excision repair pathway, which is now well known for dual roles of many of its members in DNA repair and RNA surveillance, including APE1, SMUG1, and PARP1. With additional links between these pathways steadily emerging, this review aims to provide a summary of the emerging roles for DNA repair proteins in the post‐transcriptional regulation of RNAs. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:604–619. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1353This article is categorized under:

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
A Facile Method for a Quantitative Study of the Mechanical Force Impact on Fabric Dye Loss During Domestic Washing
Authors: Cai Guoqiang , Guo Liyun , Ge Huayun , Wang Jiping 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMechanical abrasion force may be the most important cause for dye loss of fabric in low temperature washing using bleach‐free detergent during domestic washing. In this work, a facile method was developed to investigate the effect of mechanical abrasion force on the dye loss of fabrics. The amount and composition of abraded dyes were quantitatively determined by UV–Vis and HPLC methods, respectively. Results showed that the abraded dyes consisted of fiber bonded dyes and unfixed dyes, and bonded dyes with fractured short fibers took up a larger proportion after several washings. Mechanical abrasion force also facilitated desorption of unfixed dyes and hydrolysis of covalent bond. Meanwhile, the K/S value decreased quickly and surface morphology of fabric was seriously damaged in strong mechanical abrasion condition.
Extraction and Characterization of Montmorency Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) Pit Oil
Authors: Korlesky Nathan M. , Stolp Lucas J. , Kodali Dharma R. , Goldschmidt Robert , Byrdwell William C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMontmorency sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) pit oil (CPO) was extracted and characterized by various methods including: GC, LC–MS, NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD). The oil gave an acid value of 1.45 mg KOH/g, saponification value of 193 mg KOH/g and unsaponifiable matter content of 0.72 %. The oil contained oleic (O) and linoleic (l) acids as the major components with small concentrations of α‐eleostearic acid (El, 9Z,11E,13E‐octadecatrienoic acid) and saturated fatty acid palmitic (P) acid. The CPO contained six major triacyglycerols (TAG), OOO (16.83 %), OLO (16.64 %), LLO (13.20 %), OLP (7.25 %), OOP (6.49 %) and LElL (6.16 %) plus a number of other minor TAG. The TAG containing at least one saturated fatty acid constitute 33 % of the total. The polymorphic behavior of CPO as studied by DSC and XRD confirmed the presence of α, β′ and β crystal forms. The oxidative induction time of CPO was 30.3 min at 130 °C and the thermal decomposition temperature was 352 °C.
Chemical Changes and Oxidative Stability of Peanuts as Affected by the Dry‐Blanching
Authors: de Camargo Adriano Costa , Regitano‐d'Arce Marisa Aparecida Bismara , de Alencar Severino Matias , Canniatti‐Brazaca Solange Guidolin , de Souza Vieira Thais Maria Ferreira , Shahidi Fereidoon 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe oxidative changes of peanuts subjected to the dry‐blanching process were evaluated and compared with those of their in‐shell counterparts. In general, the fatty acid profile was not influenced. The content of α‐tocopherol decreased, but the remaining tocopherol homologs were unaffected. Nonanal, an oxidation product of oleic acid, increased. However, the contents of several volatile compounds with potential antioxidant properties were also increased. The higher oxidative stability of dry‐blanched peanuts was demonstrated by accelerated tests as evaluated by peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the induction period of cold‐pressed oils and this was confirmed by the higher antioxidant properties of oils from such sample as evaluated by the DPPH radical scavenging activity. These results were further confirmed during long‐term storage of dry‐blanched and in‐shell peanuts. The decrease of tocopherols in peanuts due to dry‐blanching did not negatively influence their oxidative stability. In fact, dry‐blanched peanuts showed higher stability as compared with in‐shell peanuts; therefore, we suggest that loss of tocopherol might be less important than the generation of several volatile antioxidant compounds as well as possibly Maillard reaction products upon the dry‐blanching process. These results may be of practical interest to the peanut and peanut oil industries.
Effects of vascular risk factors, statins, and antihypertensive drugs on PiB deposition in cognitively normal subjects
Authors: Glodzik Lidia , Rusinek Henry , Kamer Angela , Pirraglia Elizabeth , Tsui Wai , Mosconi Lisa , Li Yi , McHugh Pauline , Murray John , Williams Schantel , Osorio Ricardo S. , Randall Catherine , Butler Tracy , Deshpande Anup , Vallabhajolusa Shankar , de Leon Mony 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionHypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity increase the risk of dementia. Although their detection is commonly followed by an introduction of treatment, little is known about how medications frequently used to treat vascular risk affect amyloid deposition.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 156 subjects who underwent positron emission tomography with PiB. Using linear regression, we tested whether blood pressure, cholesterol, overweight/obese status, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta‐blockers, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and statins predicted amyloid deposition.ResultsThe use of ARBs (β = −.15, P = .044) and diuretics (β = −.20, P = .006) predicted less amyloid accumulation; older age (β = .29, P < .001) and statins (β = .23, P = .004) were related to greater amyloid deposition. Overweight and/or obese women had more cortical amyloid than their peers.DiscussionProspective studies should confirm effects of drugs and increased body weight on amyloid accumulation and establish whether they translate into measurable clinical outcomes. Women may be more susceptible to harmful effects of obesity.
A Biobank for Long-Term and Sustainable Research in the Field of Congenital Heart Disease in Germany
Authors: Pickardt Thomas , Niggemeyer Eva , Bauer Ulrike M.M. , Abdul-Khaliq Hashim ,   Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects Investigators
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent birth defect (0.8%–1% of all live births). Due to the advance in prenatal and postnatal early diagnosis and treatment, more than 90% of these patients survive into adulthood today. However, several mid- and long-term morbidities are dominating the follow-up of these patients. Due to the rarity and heterogeneity of the phenotypes of CHD, multicenter registry-based studies are required. The CHD-Biobank was established in 2009 with the aim to collect DNA from patients and their parents (trios) or from affected families, as well as cardiovascular tissues from patients undergoing corrective heart surgery for cardiovascular malformations. Clinical/phenotype data are matched to the International Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code (IPCCC) and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10). The DNA collection currently comprises samples from approximately 4200 participants with a wide range of CHD phenotypes. The collection covers about 430 trios and 120 families with more than one affected member. The cardiac tissue collection comprises 1143 tissue samples from 556 patients after open heart surgery. The CHD-Biobank provides a comprehensive basis for research in the field of CHD with high standards of data privacy, IT management, and sample logistics.
Updated French guidelines for diagnosis and management of pelvic inflammatory disease
Authors: Brun Jean‐Luc , Graesslin Olivier , Fauconnier Arnaud , Verdon Renaud , Agostini Aubert , Bourret Antoine , Derniaux Emilie , Garbin Olivier , Huchon Cyrille , Lamy Catherine , Quentin Roland , Judlin Philippe ,   on behalf of the Collège National des Gynécologues Obstétriciens Français
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundPelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is commonly encountered in clinical practice.ObjectivesTo provide up‐to‐date guidelines on management of PID.Search strategyAn initial search of the Cochrane database, PubMed, and Embase was performed using keywords related to PID to identify reports in any language published between January 1990 and January 2012, with an update in May 2015.Selection criteriaAll identified reports relevant to the areas of focus were included.Data collection and analysisA level of evidence based on the quality of the data available was applied for each area of focus and used for the guidelines.Main resultsPID must be suspected when spontaneous pelvic pain is associated with induced adnexal or uterine pain (grade C). Pelvic ultrasonography is necessary to exclude tubo‐ovarian abscess (grade B). Microbiological diagnosis requires vaginal and endocervical sampling for molecular and bacteriological analysis (grade B). First‐line treatment for uncomplicated PID combines ofloxacin and metronidazole for 14 days (grade B). Treatment of tubo‐ovarian abscess is based on drainage if the collection measures more than 3 cm (grade B), with combined ceftriaxone, metronidazole, and doxycycline for 14–21 days.ConclusionsCurrent management of PID requires easily reproducible investigations and treatment, and thus can be applied worldwide.