bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Nigeria’s Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): DETERMINANTS, DELIVERABLES, AND SHORTFALLS
Authors: Durokifa Anuoluwapo A. , Abdul-Wasi Babatunde Moshood 
Published: January 2017

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) was implemented in 2000 ostensibly to accelerate development within its 15 years plan of action. In the credence of this notion, Nigeria was one of the early countries that adopted the rational policy. Prior to the introduction of MDG, the country had implemented diverse developmental policies which are said not to have delivered the expected dividend. Hence, no sooner, the MDGs came to an end; the impulse of another developmental goal became necessary. Sustainable development Goals (SDGs) succeeding MDGs reiterates questions such as, how well did MDGs perform in developing countries? Where the aims of the MDGs met? If MDGs struggle to achieve 8 goals, how possible will SDGs 17 goals be realized? It is in this light, that the study using secondary data evaluate the MDG era in Nigeria, how far and how well they achieved their set target. The study suggests that although MDGs era in Nigeria recorded slight progress with regards to targeted goals, it did not meet the required plausible targets. Hence, as a very effective way of achieving sustainable development, the study recommends good governance and prioritizing of goals according to the country needs.
Ahimsā
Authors: Satapathy Bandita 
Published: January 2017

Background:

Ahimsā is a word formed by adding the negative prefix“a” to the word himsā, a derivative from the root“hims” meaning“to harm” and“to injure.” Accordingly, Ahimsā carries the meaning of nonkilling. The most evolved concept of Ahimsā can be traced out in the Pātañjala Yoga Sūtras.

Aim:
The aim of the paper is to make a comparative study of multiple commentaries on Patañjali's Yoga Sūtra and to bring out the import of the concept of Ahimsā.

Method:
The concept of Ahimsā has been studied through the identification of commentaries. As well, a comparative and analytical study has been done using primary sources.

Results:
The study of various commentaries leads to the conclusion that most of the commentators have a common observation regarding the nature of Ahimsā, essentially necessary for yoga seekers.

Conclusion:
The comparative studies of commentaries of Pātañjala Yoga Sūtra bring out the essence of Ahimsā most objectively.
Efficacy of yoga modules given by Swami Kuvalayananda for the undergraduate physical education curriculum
Authors: Kumar Yogesh 
Published: January 2017

Background:
In Uttar Pradesh, yoga is included in the undergraduate (UG) curriculum either as an optional topic of physical education practical or as a compulsory paper of foundation course in any 1 year of UG, by most of the state universities for the students. However, there is no uniformity in the yoga syllabus adopted by various universities. Swami Kuvalayananda, in his book“Āsanas,” has prescribed three yoga modules, namely, easy course, short course, and full course.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to survey whether the three courses as described in the book can be used as a part of the model curriculum for the 3-year UG studies in physical education.

Method:
Along with a specifically prepared questionnaire, a photocopy of Appendixes I, II, and III of book“Āsanas” was sent to the participants to elicit their opinions regarding the yoga modules.

Results:
The results of the survey showed that three courses prescribed by Swami Kuvalayananda are scientifically and systematically arranged and are according to the laws of physical education training. The study showed that 84.60% of the survey participants agreed on introducing the three yoga modules prescribed by Swami Kuvalayananda as model yoga syllabus in the 3 successive years of the UG physical education curriculum.

Conclusions:
The results of the survey of academicians in higher education gave the conclusion that inclusion of yoga modules described in the book would increase the efficacy of the learning of UG students of physical education.
Explicit or Hidden? Exploring How Occupation Is Taught in Occupational Therapy Curricula in the United States
Authors: Krishnagiri Sheama , Hooper Barb , Price Pollie , Taff Steven D. , Bilics Andrea 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Occupation is considered core and threshold knowledge for occupational therapy, yet how it is conveyed through education is not well understood. This study examined how the concept of occupation was taught in occupational therapy and occupational therapy assistant curricula in the United States.
METHOD. Using a qualitative descriptive research design, in-depth interviews, video recordings, and artifacts of teaching occupation were collected from 25 programs, chosen using stratified random sampling. Interview data were analyzed using an inductive, constant comparative approach; video and artifact data were analyzed deductively using findings from the interviews.
RESULTS. Instructional methods were innovative and ranged from didactic to experiential. The degree to which occupation was present in instruction ranged from explicit to implicit to absent.
CONCLUSION. Although educators valued teaching occupation, the concept was still elusive in some instructional methods and materials. Occupation knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge may have influenced how explicitly occupation was taught.
Evaluation of single and multiple Doppler lidar techniques to measure complex flow during the XPIA field campaign
Authors: Choukulkar Aditya , Brewer W. Alan , Sandberg Scott P. , Weickmann Ann , Bonin Timothy A. , Hardesty R. Michael , Lundquist Julie K. , Delgado Ruben , Iungo G. Valerio , Ashton Ryan , Debnath Mithu , Bianco Laura , Wilczak James M. , Oncley Steven , Wolfe Daniel 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Accurate three-dimensional information of wind flow fields can be an important tool in not only visualizing complex flow but also understanding the underlying physical processes and improving flow modeling. However, a thorough analysis of the measurement uncertainties is required to properly interpret results. The XPIA (eXperimental Planetary boundary layer Instrumentation Assessment) field campaign conducted at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in Erie, CO, from 2 March to 31 May 2015 brought together a large suite of in situ and remote sensing measurement platforms to evaluate complex flow measurement strategies. In this paper, measurement uncertainties for different single and multi-Doppler strategies using simple scan geometries (conical, vertical plane and staring) are investigated. The tradeoffs (such as time–space resolution vs. spatial coverage) among the different measurement techniques are evaluated using co-located measurements made near the BAO tower. Sensitivity of the single-/multi-Doppler measurement uncertainties to averaging period are investigated using the sonic anemometers installed on the BAO tower as the standard reference. Finally, the radiometer measurements are used to partition the measurement periods as a function of atmospheric stability to determine their effect on measurement uncertainty. It was found that with an increase in spatial coverage and measurement complexity, the uncertainty in the wind measurement also increased. For multi-Doppler techniques, the increase in uncertainty for temporally uncoordinated measurements is possibly due to requiring additional assumptions of stationarity along with horizontal homogeneity and less representative line-of-sight velocity statistics. It was also found that wind speed measurement uncertainty was lower during stable conditions compared to unstable conditions.
A Viscosity Approximation Method for the Split Feasibility Problems in Hilbert Space
Authors: Yang Li 
Published: January 2017

In this paper, the most basic idea is to apply the viscosity approximation method to study the split feasibility problem (SFP), we will be in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space to study the problem . We defined $x_{0}\in C$ as arbitrary and $x_{n+1}=(1-\alpha_{n})P_{C}(I-\lambda_{n}A^{*}(I-P_{Q})A)x_{n}+\alpha_{n}f(x_{n})$, for $n\geq0,$ where $\{\alpha_{n}\}\subset(0,1)$. Under the proper control conditions of some parameters, we show that the sequence $\{x_{n}\}$ converges strongly to a solution of SFP. The results in this paper extend and further improve the relevant conclusions in Deepho (Deepho, J. \& Kumam, P., 2015).
$\ga$-Max Labelings of Graphs
Authors: Saduakdee Supaporn , Khemmani Varanoot 
Published: January 2017

Let $G$ be a graph of order $n$ and size $m$. A $\gamma$-labeling of $G$ is a one-to-one function $f: V(G) \rightarrow \{0, 1, 2, \ldots, m\}$ that induces an edge-labeling$f': E(G) \rightarrow \{1, 2, \ldots, m\}$ on $G$ defined by$$ f'(e)=|f(u)-f(v)|\, ,\quad \mbox{for each edge $e=uv$ in}\, E(G)\, . $$ The value of $f$ is defined as $${\rm val}(f)=\sum_{e\in E(G)}f'(e)\, . $$ The maximum value of a \gamma$-labeling of $G$ is defined as $${\val}_{\max}(G) = \max \{\val(f): \mbox{$f$ is a $$-labeling of $G$}\};$$ while the minimum value of a $\gamma$-labeling of $G$ is $${\val}_{\min}(G) = \min \{\val(f): \mbox{$f$ is a $\gamma$-labeling of $G$}\}.$$ In this paper, we give an alternative short proof by mathematical induction to achieve the formulae for ${\val}_{\max}(K_{r, s})$ and ${\val}_{\max}(K_n)$.
UMA BREVE REFLEXÃO DA INSTITUIÇÃO FAMÍLIA COMO ANTECEDENTE ESPISTEMOLÓGICO DE INVESTIGAÇÕES EM ORGANIZAÇÕES FAMILIARES
Authors: Ramos Camfield Claudio Eduardo 
Published: January 2017

Esse trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma reflexão epistemológica sobre a instituição família e a sua representação. Trata-se de um estudo inicial desdobrado em duas vertentes, sendo a primeira sobre as representações que se têm de família e por conseguinte sobre os valores e outros aspectos culturais que formam a identidade familiar entre as gerações. Por se tratar de um estudo descritivo, utilizou-se bibliografia prévia que denotassem os termos ora pretendidos e que, dessem uma sustentação aos argumentos e ao objetivo do estudo. Como principal resultado ficou evidenciado que existem algumas formações de como se constituí a imagem ou a identidade da instituição Família. Foi perceptível que houveram muitas mutações no que tange a essa instituição, sendo essa afetada no decorrer do tempo por vários fatores relevantes e que foram advindos do crescimento e do desenvolvimento das nações, povos, ou sociedade como um todo.
La necrópolis ibérica de El Carnoso, Andilla (la Serranía, Valencia)
Authors: Sabater Pérez Ana , Ruiz López Juan José , Burriel Alberich Josep Maria , Calvo Gálvez Matías 
Published: January 2017

El presente artículo da cuenta de las excavaciones efectuadas en el sector norte de la necrópolis ibérica del conjunto arqueológico de El Carnoso de Andilla (Valencia). Necrópolis que estuvo en funcionamiento como mínimo durante el s. V a.C. y que hasta la fecha presenta dos modalidades de sepulturas: cubrición tumular y cremación en hoyo. Desafortunadamente las dos estructuras tumulares documentadas fueron expoliadas en el s. XVI, lo que supuso la pérdida de la valiosísima información arqueológica que hubieran proporcionado los ajuares asociados. Tras la excavación efectuada, la necrópolis ha sido vallada y las estructuras consolidadas.
Evolution of a protolunar disk in vapor/melt equilibrium
Authors: Ward William R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA model of the viscous evolution of a two‐phase, vapor/melt protolunar disk is described. Droplets condense from the vapor and “rain out,” forming a stratified structure with a midplane magma layer surrounded by a vapor reservoir. The magma layer is gravitationally unstable, but material interior to the Roche distance cannot fragment, and instead develops an effective viscosity. However, magma flowing across the Roche limit can fragment and accrete into moonlets, while magma spreading inward is accreted by Earth. As mass leaves the melt layer, it is replenished by vapor condensation, leading to a quasi steady state (QSS). The layer's mass is maintained at ~13% of a lunar mass and replaced every ~ 3.2 years. The vapor atmosphere steadily decreases, and once exhausted, the disk would cool below condensation temperature and spread as a time‐dependent disk until it too is exhausted. The timescale of the QSS is regulated by the disk's ability to radiate all the released latent heat plus viscous dissipation energy to space at the photospheric temperature, i.e., ~2000 K for silicon phase equilibrium. For the protolunar disk, latent heat dominates viscous heating, and the QSS for a ~2 lunar mass disk lasts for ~ 50 years. For comparison, a hypothetical water/steam disk orbiting an ice giant planet in which viscous heating dominates is also modeled. The photospheric temperature is closer to ~373 K, and the replacement time of the water layer is ~136 years. Finally, disks confined by external torques at either the planet‐disk boundary or at its outer edge are also briefly examined.
Mechanical Alloying of Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Panda Tamas , Horike Satoshi , Hagi Keisuke , Ogiwara Naoki , Kadota Kentaro , Itakura Tomoya , Tsujimoto Masahiko , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe solvent‐free mechanical milling process for two distinct metal–organic framework (MOF) crystals induced the formation of a solid solution, which is not feasible by conventional solution‐based syntheses. X‐ray and STEM‐EDX studies revealed that performing mechanical milling under an Ar atmosphere promotes the high diffusivity of each metal ion in an amorphous solid matrix; the amorphous state turns into the porous crystalline structure by vapor exposure treatment to form a new phase of a MOF solid solution.
Efficient Access to Chiral Trisubstituted Aziridines via Catalytic Enantioselective Aza‐Darzens Reactions
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Saget Tanguy , Hung Chao‐I (Joey) 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHerein, we report a Zn‐ProPhenol catalyzed aza‐Darzens reaction using chlorinated aromatic ketones as nucleophilic partners for the efficient and enantioselective construction of complex trisubstituted aziridines. The α‐chloro‐β‐aminoketone intermediates featuring a chlorinated tetrasubstituted stereocenter can be isolated in high yields and selectivities for further derivatization. Alternatively, they can be directly transformed to the corresponding aziridines in a one‐pot fashion. Of note, the reaction can be run on gram‐scale with low catalyst loading without impacting its efficiency. Moreover, this methodology was extended to α‐bromoketones which are scarcely used in enantioselective catalysis because of their sensitivity and lack of accessibility.
Catalytic Double Carbon–Boron Bond Formation for the Synthesis of Cyclic Diarylborinic Acids as Versatile Building Blocks for π‐Extended Heteroarenes
Authors: Igarashi Takuya , Tobisu Mamoru , Chatani Naoto 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe first catalytic synthesis of cyclic diarylborinic acids is developed using a dihydroaminoborane reagent as the boron source. Unlike previously reported methods that use organolithium reagents, this method allows the easy synthesis of cyclic diarylborinic acids bearing a range of functionalities including CN, CO2Et, CONEt2and NMeCO2tBu. Furthermore, these cyclic diarylborinic acids provide rapid access to skeletal diversity, in particular they enable the synthesis of six‐ to nine‐membered π‐extended heteroarenes through simple cross‐coupling reactions, which are important synthetic targets in both advanced materials and pharmaceuticals.
Effect of treated mica on rheological, cure, mechanical, and dielectric properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/barium titanate (BaTiO3)/mica
Authors: Su Jun , Zhang Jun 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, mica, treated by three types of coupling agents, isopropyl trioleic titanate (NDZ105), 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550), and vinyltrimethoxysiloxane homopolymer (SG‐Si6490), were utilized to improve the properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/barium titanate (BaTiO3) composites. It is found that the addition of untreated mica can increase the complex viscosity, while the KH550 modified mica can reduce the complex viscosity. Compared to single usage of coupling agent SG‐Si6490, the hybrid usage of KH550 and SG‐Si6490 can further increase the tensile strength of EPDM/BaTiO3/SG‐Si6490 treated mica (70/20/10) from 9.10 to 11.01 MPa (22% increase). The untreated mica can increase the interfacial polarity and improve the dielectric constant of EPDM/BaTiO3 (70/30) from 7 to 9 at 40 MHz (28% increase). Moreover, the KH550 treated mica can enhance the thermal conductivity of EPDM/BaTiO3 (70/30) from 0.323 W m−1 K−1 to 0.446 W m−1 K−1 (38% increase). In the meantime, the increased crosslink density caused by coupling agents can increase the volume resistivity of EPDM composites. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44833.
P‐Sulfocalix[6]arene as Nanocarrier for Controlled Delivery of Doxorubicin
Authors: Ostos Francisco J. , Lebrón José A. , Moyá Maria L. , López‐López Manuel , Sánchez Antonio , Clavero Amparo , García‐Calderón Clara B. , Rosado Iván V. , López‐Cornejo Pilar 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGiven the high toxicity of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (DOX), it is relevant to search for nanocarriers that decrease the side effects of the drug and are able to transport it towards a therapeutic target Here, the encapsulation of DOX by p‐sulfocalix[6]arene (calix) has been studied. The interaction of DOX with the macrocycle, as well as with DNA, has been investigated and the equilibrium constant for each binding process estimated. The results showed that the binding constant of DOX to DNA, KDNA, is three orders of magnitude higher than that to calix, Kcalix. The ability of calixarenes to encapsulate DOX molecules, as well as the capability of the DOX molecules included into the inner cavity of the macrocycle to bind with DNA have been examined. Cytotoxicity measurements were done in different cancer and normal cell lines to probe the decrease in the toxicity of the encapsulated DOX. The low toxicity of calixarenes has also been demonstrated for different cell lines.
Drop‐in biofuel production via conventional (lipid/fatty acid) and advanced (biomass) routes. Part I
Authors: Karatzos Sergios , van Dyk J. Susan , McMillan James D. , Saddler Jack 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDrop‐in biofuels that are ‘functionally identical to petroleum fuels and fully compatible with existing infrastructure’ are needed for sectors such as aviation where biofuels such as bioethanol/biodiesel cannot be used. The technologies used to produce drop‐in biofuels can be grouped into the four categories: oleochemical, thermochemical, biochemical, and hybrid technologies. Commercial volumes of conventional drop‐in biofuels are currently produced through the oleochemical pathway, to make products such as renewable diesel and biojet fuel. However, the cost, sustainability, and availability of the lipid/fatty acid feedstocks are significant challenges that need to be addressed. In the longer‐term, it is likely that commercial growth in drop‐in biofuels will be based on lignocellulosic feedstocks. However, these technologies have been slow to develop and have been hampered by several technoeconomic challenges. For example, the gasification/Fischer‐Tropsch (FT) synthesis route suffers from high capital costs and economies of scale difficulties, while the economical production of high quality syngas remains a significant challenge. Although pyrolysis/hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) based technologies are promising, the upgrading of pyrolysis oils to higher specification fuels has encountered several technical challenges, such as high catalyst cost and short catalyst lifespan. Biochemical routes to drop‐in fuels have the advantage of producing single molecules with simple chemistry. However, the high value of these molecules in other markets such as renewable chemical precursors and fragrances will limit their use for fuel. In the near‐term, (1–5 years) it is likely that, ‘conventional’ drop‐in biofuels will be produced predominantly via the oleochemical route, due to the relative simplicity and maturity of this pathway. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Establishing a high yielding streptomyces‐based cell‐free protein synthesis system
Authors: Li Jian , Wang He , Kwon Yong‐Chan , Jewett Michael C. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTCell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) has emerged as a powerful platform for applied biotechnology and synthetic biology, with a range of applications in synthesizing proteins, evolving proteins, and prototyping genetic circuits. To expand the current CFPS repertoire, we report here the development and optimization of a Streptomyces‐based CFPS system for the expression of GC‐rich genes. By developing a streamlined crude extract preparation protocol and optimizing reaction conditions, we were able to achieve active enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) yields of greater than 50 μg/mL with batch reactions lasting up to 3 h. By adopting a semi‐continuous reaction format, the EGFP yield could be increased to 282 ± 8 μg/mL and the reaction time was extended to 48 h. Notably, our extract preparation procedures were robust to multiple Streptomyces lividans and Streptomyces coelicolor strains, although expression yields varied. We show that our optimized Streptomyces lividans system provides benefits when compared to an Escherichia coli‐based CFPS system for increasing percent soluble protein expression for four Streptomyces‐originated high GC‐content genes that are involved in biosynthesis of the nonribosomal peptides tambromycin and valinomycin. Looking forward, we believe that our Streptomyces‐based CFPS system will contribute significantly towards efforts to express complex natural product gene clusters (e.g., nonribosomal peptides and polyketides), providing a new avenue for obtaining and studying natural product biosynthesis pathways. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1343–1353. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized clinical trial of duct-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy versus handsewn closure after distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Uemura K , Satoi S , Motoi F , Kwon M , Unno M , Murakami Y 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains a major cause of morbidity after distal pancreatectomy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether duct-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy of the pancreatic stump decreased clinical POPF formation compared with handsewn closure after distal pancreatectomy.

Methods
This multicentre RCT was performed between April 2012 and June 2014. Patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy were assigned randomly to either duct-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy or handsewn closure. The primary endpoint was the incidence of clinical POPF. Secondary endpoints were rates of other complications and length of hospital stay.

Results
Some 80 patients were randomized, and 73 patients were evaluated in an intention-to-treat analysis: 36 in the pancreaticogastrostomy group and 37 in the handsewn closure group. The duration of operation was significantly longer in the pancreaticogastrostomy group than in the handsewn closure group (mean 268 versus 197 min respectively; P &lt; 0·001). The incidence of clinical POPF did not differ between groups (7 of 36 versus 7 of 37; odds ratio (OR) 1·03, 95 per cent c.i. 0·32 to 3·10; P = 1·000). The rate of intra-abdominal fluid collection was significantly lower in the pancreaticogastrostomy group (6 of 36 versus 21 of 37; OR 0·15, 0·05 to 0·45; P &lt; 0·001). There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of other complications or length of hospital stay.

Conclusion
Duct-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy did not reduce the incidence of clinical POPF compared with handsewn closure of the pancreatic stump after distal pancreatectomy. Registration number UMIN000007426 (http://www.umin.ac.jp).