bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climatic controls on the global distribution, abundance, and species richness of mangrove forests
Authors: Osland Michael J. , Feher Laura C. , Griffith Kereen T. , Cavanaugh Kyle C. , Enwright Nicholas M. , Day Richard H. , Stagg Camille L. , Krauss Ken W. , Howard Rebecca J. , Grace James B. , Rogers Kerrylee 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMangrove forests are highly productive tidal saline wetland ecosystems found along sheltered tropical and subtropical coasts. Ecologists have long assumed that climatic drivers (i.e., temperature and rainfall regimes) govern the global distribution, structure, and function of mangrove forests. However, data constraints have hindered the quantification of direct climate–mangrove linkages in many parts of the world. Recently, the quality and availability of global‐scale climate and mangrove data have been improving. Here, we used these data to better understand the influence of air temperature and rainfall regimes upon the distribution, abundance, and species richness of mangrove forests. Although our analyses identify global‐scale relationships and thresholds, we show that the influence of climatic drivers is best characterized via regional range‐limit‐specific analyses. We quantified climatic controls across targeted gradients in temperature and/or rainfall within 14 mangrove distributional range limits. Climatic thresholds for mangrove presence, abundance, and species richness differed among the 14 studied range limits. We identified minimum temperature‐based thresholds for range limits in eastern North America, eastern Australia, New Zealand, eastern Asia, eastern South America, and southeast Africa. We identified rainfall‐based thresholds for range limits in western North America, western Gulf of Mexico, western South America, western Australia, Middle East, northwest Africa, east central Africa, and west‐central Africa. Our results show that in certain range limits (e.g., eastern North America, western Gulf of Mexico, eastern Asia), winter air temperature extremes play an especially important role. We conclude that rainfall and temperature regimes are both important in western North America, western Gulf of Mexico, and western Australia. With climate change, alterations in temperature and rainfall regimes will affect the global distribution, abundance, and diversity of mangrove forests. In general, warmer winter temperatures are expected to allow mangroves to expand poleward at the expense of salt marshes. However, dispersal and habitat availability constraints may hinder expansion near certain range limits. Along arid and semiarid coasts, decreases or increases in rainfall are expected to lead to mangrove contraction or expansion, respectively. Collectively, our analyses quantify climate–mangrove linkages and improve our understanding of the expected global‐ and regional‐scale effects of climate change upon mangrove forests.
Outbreak of an undetected invasive species triggered by a climate anomaly
Authors: Walsh Jake R. , Munoz Samuel E. , Vander Zanden M. Jake 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWhen an invasive species appears at a new location, we typically have no knowledge of the population dynamics leading up to that moment. Is the establishment of invasive propagules closely followed by the appearance of the population? Or alternatively, was there an established low‐density population that was released from a constraint and crossed the detection threshold? The early stages of the invasion process are a critical gap in our knowledge, yet vitally important for the detection and management of invasions. Here, we present multiple lines of evidence supporting the lag scenario for an invasive species outbreak. The invasive predatory zooplankton, spiny water flea (Bythotrephes longimanus), was detected in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin (USA), in summer of 2009 and rapidly reached and sustained exceptionally high densities. To evaluate whether Bythotrephes' outbreak immediately followed introduction or erupted from an established low‐density population, we constructed a population model of Bythotrephes in Lake Mendota. In the model, Bythotrephes persisted indefinitely at low levels until favorable thermal conditions in 2009, the coolest July since at least 1895, allowed it to erupt to high densities and establish a large egg bank in the lake sediments. The egg bank stabilized the population in the high‐density state despite a return to nonfavorable thermal conditions, which is further supported by demographic data suggesting a constant contribution from the egg bank during the year. The prolonged lag scenario is corroborated by the detection of two individual Bythotrephes in pre‐2009 archived samples, and the detection of Bythotrephes spines in lake sediment core layers dating back to 1994 (±5 yr). Together, our results suggest that Bythotrephes persisted for at least a decade below the detection limit, until optimal thermal conditions triggered a population outbreak. This work highlights the potential for environmental conditions to trigger invasive species outbreaks from low‐density populations.
Simulation of the effects of photodecay on long‐term litter decay using DayCent
Authors: Chen Maosi , Parton William J. , Adair E. Carol , Asao Shinichi , Hartman Melannie D. , Gao Wei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecent studies have found that solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation significantly shifts the mass loss and nitrogen dynamics of plant litter decomposition in semi‐arid and arid ecosystems. In this study, we examined the role of photodegradation in litter decomposition by using the DayCent‐UV biogeochemical model. DayCent‐UV incorporated the following mechanisms related to UV radiation: (1) direct photolysis, (2) facilitation of microbial decomposition via production of labile materials, and (3) microbial inhibition effects. We also allowed maximum photodecay rate of the structural litter pool to vary with litter's initial lignin fraction in the model. We calibrated DayCent‐UV with observed ecosystem variables (e.g., volumetric soil water content, live biomass, actual evapotranspiration, and net ecosystem exchange), and validated the optimized model with Long‐Term Intersite Decomposition Experiment (LIDET) observations of remaining carbon and nitrogen at three semi‐arid sites in Western United States. DayCent‐UV better simulated the observed linear carbon loss patterns and the persistent net nitrogen mineralization in the 10‐year LIDET experiment at the three sites than the model without UV decomposition. In the DayCent‐UV equilibrium model runs, UV decomposition increased aboveground and belowground plant production, surface net nitrogen mineralization, and surface litter nitrogen pool, but decreased surface litter carbon, soil net nitrogen mineralization, and mineral soil carbon and nitrogen. In addition, UV decomposition had minimal impacts on trace gas emissions and biotic decomposition rates. The model results suggest that the most important ecological impact of photodecay of surface litter in dry grasslands is to increase N mineralization from the surface litter (25%), and decay rates of the surface litter (15%) and decrease the organic soil carbon and nitrogen (5%).
Palliative care in heart failure: facts and numbers
Authors: Riley Jillian P. , Beattie James M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMillions of people worldwide have heart failure. Despite enormous advances in care that have improved outcome, heart failure remains associated with a poor prognosis. Worldwide, there is poor short‐term and long‐term survival. The 1 year survival following a heart failure admission is in the range of 20–40% with between‐country variation. For those living with heart failure, the symptom burden is high. Studies report that 55 to 95% of patients experience shortness of breath and 63 to 93% experience tiredness. These symptoms are associated with a high level of distress (43–89%). Fewer patients experience symptoms such as constipation (25–30%) or dry mouth (35–74%). However, when they do, such symptoms are associated with high levels of distress (constipation: 15–39%; dry mouth: 14–33%). Psychological symptoms also predominate with possibly as many as 50% experiencing depression. Palliative care services in heart failure are not widely available. Even in countries with well‐developed services, only around 4% of patients are referred for specialist palliative care. Many patients and their families would benefit from receiving specialist palliative care support.
Graphene Oxide‐Modified Electrode Coated with in‐situ Antimony Film for the Simultaneous Determination of Heavy Metals by Sequential Injection‐Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Ruengpirasiri Prasongporn , Punrat Eakkasit , Chailapakul Orawon , Chuanuwatanakul Suchada 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe proposed chemically modified electrode was graphene oxide that was synthesized via Hummer's method followed by reduction of antimony film by in‐situ electrodeposition. The experimental process could be concluded in three main steps: preparation of antimony film, reduction of analyte ions on the electrode surface and stripping step under the conditions of square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). A simple and rapid approach was developed for the determination of heavy metals simultaneously based on a sequential injection (SI), an automated flow‐based system, coupled with voltammetric method using antimony‐graphene oxide modified screen‐printed carbon electrode (SbF‐GO‐SPCE). The effects of main parameters involved with graphene oxide, antimony and measurement parameters were also investigated. Using SI‐SWASV under the optimal conditions, the proposed electrode platform has exhibited linear range from 0.1 to 1.5 M. Calculated limits of detection were 0.054, 0.026, 0.060, and 0.066 μM for Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II), respectively. In addition, the optimized method has been successfully applied to determine heavy metals in real water samples with acceptable accuracy of 94.29 – 113.42 % recovery.
Highly Selective Sensing Platform Utilizing Graphene Oxide and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for the Sensitive Determination of Tramadol in the Presence of Co‐Formulated Drugs
Authors: Mohamed Mona A. , Atty Shimaa A. , Salama Nahla N. , Banks Craig E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNovel insights into the strategy of highly precise, carbon‐based electrochemical sensors are presented by exploring the excellent properties of graphene oxide (GO) and multiwalled carbon nanotube composites (GO‐MWCNTs/CPE) for the sensitive determination of tramadol hydrochloride (TRH). Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the properties of the sensor. The linear response obtained for TRH using the GO‐MWCNTs/CPE was found to be over the range of 2.0x10−9 to 1.1x10−3 M with a good linearity and high correlation (0.9996). The limits of detection and quantification were found to be 1.50x10−10 M and 4.99 x 10−10 M, respectively. The proposed sensor was applied for determination of TRH in the presence of presence of co‐formulated drugs ketorolac tromethamine (KTM) and paracetamol (PAR). The sensor was shown to successfully apply to the determination of TRH in plasma as real samples. Satisfactory recoveries of TRH from samples clearly revealed that the proposed sensor can be applied into clinical analysis, quality control and a routine determination of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.
Preparation and Electrochemical Characterization of Carbonaceous Thin Layer
Authors: Oh Kyung Hee , Lee Jihye , Park Mira , Song Hyunjoon , Chang Jinho , Nam Ki Min 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCurrent research is largely focused on the preparation of carbon complexes for eventual applications in electrochemical energy storage systems. A carbonaceous thin layer (CT) was synthesized on a fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by the carbonization of glucose. The morphological image from scanning electron microscopy showed the high uniformity of CT with full coverage on the FTO substrate. The carbon content increased from 40 % in glucose to 62 % in CT by the carbonization process. Furthermore, when CT was thermally treated under a constant flow of nitrogen gas (400 °C for 9 h, CT‐9), the carbon content increased from 62 to 79 %. The proficient interaction of CT on the FTO substrate was suitable for the electrochemical characterization and application. The CT on FTO was suitable to be used as a blocking layer for the electrochemical reaction. On the other hand, the CT‐9 showed completely different electrochemical behaviors. CT‐9 showed the significantly enhanced capacitive behavior resulted from the higher porosity of CT‐9, which was electrochemically interrogated by a redox reaction of FcMeOH/FcMeOH+.
Efficiency Comparison of Large‐Scale Standalone, Centralized, and Distributed Thermochemical Biorefineries
Authors: Alamia Alberto , Òsk Gardarsdòttir Stefania , Larsson Anton , Normann Fredrik , Thunman Henrik 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe present a comparison of three strategies for the introduction of new biorefineries: standalone and centralized drop‐in, which are placed within a cluster of chemical industries, and distributed drop‐in, which is connected to other plants by a pipeline. The aim was to quantify the efficiencies and the production ranges to support local transition to a circular economy based on biomass usage. The products considered are biomethane (standalone) and hydrogen/biomethane and sustainable town gas (centralized drop‐in and distributed drop‐in). The analysis is based on a flow‐sheet simulation of different process designs at the 100 MWbiomass scale and includes the following aspects: advanced drying systems, the coproduction of ethanol, and power‐to‐gas conversion by direct heating or water electrolysis. For the standalone plant, the chemical efficiency was in the range of 78–82.8 % LHVa.r.50 % (lower heating value of the as‐received biomass with 50 % wet basis moisture), with a maximum production of 72 MW
, and for the centralized drop‐in and distributed drop‐in plants, the chemical efficiency was in the range of 82.8–98.5 % LHVa.r.50 % with maximum production levels of 85.6 MWSTG and 22.5 MW
/51 MW
, respectively. It is concluded that standalone plants offer no substantial advantages over distributed drop‐in or centralized drop‐in plants unless methane is the desired product.
Flexible Working, Individual Performance, and Employee Attitudes: Comparing Formal and Informal Arrangements
Authors: De Menezes Lilian M. , Kelliher Clare 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn the context of a wider trend to individualize human resource management, this article examines the relationship between flexible working arrangements and individual performance. Drawing on a range of theories, this article also examines potential indirect effects on employee performance via job satisfaction and organizational commitment and analyzes whether these relationships vary according to whether the arrangement was set up through a formal process or negotiated informally between the employee and his or her line manager. Extant research has tended to focus on formal arrangements, however, informal arrangements are widespread and may better accommodate work‐life preferences, thereby potentially fostering more positive attitudes from employees. Survey data from 2,617 employees in four large organizations with well‐established flexible working policies are analyzed. Results from structural equation models show average positive indirect effects from informal flexible working, but also negative direct effects from formal flexible working. When two forms of flexible working amenable to being set up by both formal and informal means are examined separately, formal arrangements for flexibility over working hours are found to be negatively associated with performance, but also a source of greater job satisfaction; informal remote working arrangements have positive indirect effects via organizational commitment and job satisfaction on worker performance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding and Evaluating English Learners’ Oral Reading With Miscue Analysis
Authors: Latham Keh Melissa 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMiscue analysis provides a unique opportunity to explore English learners’ (ELs’) oral reading from an asset‐based perspective. This article focuses on insights about eight adolescent ELs’ oral reading patterns that were gained through miscue analysis. The participants’ miscues were coded with the Reading Miscue Inventory, and participants were also interviewed about their miscues. The data illustrate how ELs use linguistic information to construct meaning despite high numbers of miscues. Qualitative analysis revealed miscue patterns that require special attention in instruction and assessment of ELs. Additionally, the author discusses how teachers can begin to discern whether oral reading differences stem from nonnative language features or from the act of reading.
Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of the biocompatibility of resin‐modified cements
Authors: Almeida Mesquita Janaina , Lacerda‐Santos Rogério , Pina Godoy Gustavo , Franscisco Weege Nonaka Cassiano , Muniz Alves Pollianna 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe aim of this double‐blind randomized study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of resin‐modified glass ionomer cements (RMGIC) by means of morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. RMGICs were selected and divided into four groups: Group CK (Crosslink Orthodontic Band Cement); Group RS (Resilience Light Cure Band Cement) Group RMO (RMO Band Cement), Group TP (Transbond Plus Light Cure Band), and Group C (Control‐polyethylene). The materials were implanted in rat subcutaneous tissues, randomly selected for this study. After time intervals of 7, 15, and 30 days the tissues were submitted to morphological analysis. In immunohistochemical analysis, the immuno‐marking of antibody CD68 was evaluated. The results obtained were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests (p < .05). In the morphological analysis after 7 days, Groups RS, RMO and TP showed more intense inflammatory infiltrate (p = .004) and only Group RMO presented greater intensity of multinucleated giant cells (p = .027). In the immunohistochemical analysis, Groups RMO and RS were observed to present a larger quantity of CD68+ (p = .004) in the time interval of 7 days and only Group RMO presented statistically significant difference for this parameter after 15 days (p = .026). In the time interval of 30 days, Group RMO presented the largest quantity of multinucleated giant cells (p < .004). The RMGICS Crosslink and Transbond Plus provided significantly better tissue biocompatibility than the Resilience and RMO Cements.
On the opposite relation between extreme precipitation over west Amazon and southeastern Brazil: observations and model simulations
Authors: Cavalcanti Iracema Fonseca de Albuquerque , Marengo Jose A. , Alves Lincoln Muniz , Costa Duarte Filipe 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTDuring the austral summer of 2014 and 2015, a severe drought occurred in southeastern Brazil at the same time when flooding conditions were registered in the state of Acre in the western Amazonia of Brazil. This study aimed the identification of the atmospheric and oceanic large‐scale characteristics and regional features associated with these conditions, and verification of the Center of Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies/National Institute of Space Research (CPTEC/INPE) atmospheric global circulation model ability in reproducing the observed features. The state of Acre was chosen as a pilot area of the PULSE‐Brazil project – a web platform tool that contains climate, ecological and health data for Brazil. The observational data and model results were analysed for the climatological period of 1981–2010. Correlation analyses between precipitation over west Amazon and atmospheric and oceanic variables indicated the main patterns in both data sets. Extreme wet and dry Januaries over west Amazon were selected to explore the regional and large‐scale associated features. The general results of climate analyses indicated an opposite relation of precipitation between western Amazon and southeastern Brazil, in January, besides the typical precipitation dipole between the south Atlantic convergence zone and southeastern South America. This configuration is related to anomalous humidity flux at low levels and associated anomalous sea level pressure over southeastern South America induced by subsidence. The role of convection anomalies over the Pacific Ocean on South America anomalies is discussed. The wet and dry cases in Acre region display opposite atmospheric anomalies over South America that are linked to wavetrains over the Pacific Ocean, likely related to the opposite conditions of Indonesia‐Pacific tropical convection. Similar patterns of the dry cases were observed during January of 2014 and 2015. The model reproduced some observed atmospheric patterns related to precipitation extremes and the results are discussed in terms of regional and large‐scale climate variability.
Hierarchical structures in Northern Hemispheric extratropical winter ocean–atmosphere interactions
Authors: Wiedermann Marc , Donges Jonathan F. , Handorf Dörthe , Kurths Jürgen , Donner Reik V. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn recent years extensive studies on the Earth's climate system have been carried out by means of advanced complex network statistics. The great majority of these studies, however, have been focusing on investigating correlation structures within single climatic fields directly on or parallel to the Earth's surface. Here, we develop a novel approach of node weighted coupled network measures to study correlations between ocean and atmosphere in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics and construct 18 coupled climate networks, each consisting of two subnetworks. In all cases, one subnetwork represents monthly sea‐surface temperature (SST) anomalies, while the other is based on the monthly geopotential height (HGT) of isobaric surfaces at different pressure levels covering the troposphere as well as the lower stratosphere. The weighted cross‐degree density proves to be consistent with the leading coupled pattern obtained from maximum covariance analysis. Network measures of higher order allow for a further analysis of the correlation structure between the two fields and consistently indicate that in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics the ocean is correlated with the atmosphere in a hierarchical fashion such that large areas of the ocean surface correlate with multiple statistically dissimilar regions in the atmosphere. Ultimately we show that this observed hierarchy is linked to large‐scale atmospheric variability patterns, such as the Pacific North American pattern, forcing the ocean on monthly time scales.