bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired cognitive ability at 2.5 years predicts later visual and ophthalmological problems in children born very preterm
Authors: Hreinsdottir Jonina , Fredriksson Kaul Ylva , Hellström‐Westas Lena , Rosander Kerstin , von Hofsten Claes , Holmström Gerd 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimTo identify possible predictive factors for visual problems at 6.5 years in children born very preterm.MethodsDuring 2004–2007, all very preterm infants (gestational age [GA] <32 weeks) in Uppsala County, Sweden were screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) neonatally; at four months, visual tracking was tested; at 2.5 years, visuospatial and cognitive tests were carried out. At 6.5 years, 84 preterm children and a reference group of 64 full‐term children underwent ophthalmological testing.ResultsMean visual acuity (VA) did not differ between the groups, but subnormal VA (≤0.8) was more common in the preterm group (31% vs 14%; p < 0.05). More often than full‐term children, preterm children had impaired contrast sensitivity (<0.5) (36% vs 19%; p < 0.05) and strabismus (8% vs 0%; p < 0.05). Low GA, ROP, intraventricular haemorrhage 3‐4/periventricular leukomalacia and cognitive disability at 2.5 years predicted ophthalmological and visual problems at 6.5 years. Visual tracking ability at four months was not predictive of ophthalmological outcome.ConclusionChildren born preterm had more ophthalmological problems at 6.5 years of age, including subtle dysfunctions. ROP, early brain injury and impaired cognitive function around 2.5 years predicted later ophthalmological dysfunctions.
Advances in specification testing
Authors: Davidson Russell , Zinde‐Walsh Victoria 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTesting the specification of econometric models has come a long way from thettests andFtests of the classical normal linear model. In this paper, we trace the broad outlines of the development of specification testing, along the way discussing the role of structural versus purely statistical models. Inferential procedures have had to advance in tandem with techniques of estimation, and so we discuss the generalized method of moments, non parametric inference, empirical likelihood and estimating functions. Mention is made of some recent literature, in particular, of weak instruments, non parametric identification and the bootstrap.
Type III interferons are critical host factors that determine susceptibility to Influenza A viral infection in allergic nasal mucosa
Authors: Jeon Y. J. , Lim J. H. , An S. , Jo A. , Han D. H. , Won T.‐B. , Kim D.‐Y. , Rhee C.‐S. , Kim H. J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundAllergic respiratory conditions have been associated with increased susceptibility to viral infection due to impaired interferon (IFN)‐related immune responses, but the mechanisms for reinforcement of mucosal immunity against viral infection in allergic diseases are largely unknown.ObjectivesTo determine whether IFN induction would be impaired in allergic nasal mucosa and to identify whether higher loads of influenza A virus (IAV) in allergic nasal mucosa could be controlled with IFN treatment.MethodsInfluenza A virus mRNA, viral titres and IFN expression were compared in IAV‐infected normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE, N = 10) and allergic rhinitis nasal epithelial (ARNE, N = 10) cells. We used in vivo model of allergic rhinitis (BALB/c mice, N = 10) and human nasal mucosa from healthy volunteers (N = 72) and allergic rhinitis patients (N = 29) to assess the induction of IFNs after IAV infection.ResultsInfluenza A virus mRNA levels and viral titres were significantly higher in ARNE compared with NHNE cells. IFN‐β and IFN‐λs were induced in NHNE and ARNE cells up to 3 days after IAV infection. Interestingly, induction of IFN‐λs mRNA levels and the amount of secreted proteins were considerably lower in ARNE cells. The mean IFN‐λs mRNA level was also significantly lower in the nasal mucosa of AR patients, and we found that recombinant IFN‐λ treatment attenuated viral mRNA levels and viral titres in IAV‐infected ARNE cells. In vivoAR mouse exhibited higher viral load after IAV infection, but intranasal inoculation of IFN‐λ completely decreased IAV protein expression and viral titre in nasal mucosa of IAV‐infected AR mouse.ConclusionHigher susceptibility of the allergic nasal mucosa to IAV may depend on impairment of type III IFN induction, and type III IFN is a key mechanistic link between higher viral loads and control of IAV infection in allergic nasal mucosa.
Optimal iodine supplementation during antithyroid drug therapy for Graves’ disease is associated with lower recurrence rates than iodine restriction
Authors: Huang Huibin , Shi Yaxiong , Liang Bo , Cai Huiyao , Cai Qingyan , Lin Ruhai 
Published: December 2017

SummaryObjectiveA relationship between iodine intake and the effectiveness of antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy for Graves’ disease (GD) has been suggested, and strict restriction of iodine intake has been tried in the treatment of GD in some studies. However, it is unclear whether dietary iodine supplementation improves the prognosis of ATD therapy for GD. This study aimed to clarify whether optimal iodine supplementation during antithyroid drug therapy for GD is associated with lower recurrence rates than iodine restriction.MethodsThis was a prospective randomized trial of newly diagnosed patients with GD. Patients with newly diagnosed GD were recruited. After ATD therapy and strict dietary iodine restriction for 1 month, patients (n = 459) were randomly assigned to iodine‐supplemented and iodine‐restricted groups. After exclusion, 405 patients finally completed the study. The iodine‐supplemented group included 203 patients (61 males and 142 females) with an average age of 32.2 ± 10.5 years (17‐65 years), and the iodine‐restricted group included 202 patients (61 males and 141 females) with an average age of 31.9 ± 11.8 years (16‐64 years). Patients in the iodine‐supplemented group were given about 10 grams of iodized salt every day, while the iodine‐restricted group received noniodized salt with low‐iodine or noniodine diet. The dietary iodine intervention lasted for 24 months. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb), free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) of 2 groups were measured every 3 months. The recurrence rates within 12 months after withdrawal of ATD were evaluated.ResultsUIC in the iodine‐supplemented group was within the recommended range for optimal iodine intake (135‐162 μg/L) and was significantly higher than that in iodine‐restricted group (30‐58 μg/L). Within 12 months of withdrawal of ATD, the total recurrence rate in the iodine‐supplemented group was 35.5%, significantly lower than in the iodine‐restricted group, which was 45.5%.ConclusionOptimal dietary iodine supplementation during antithyroid drug therapy for GD is associated with lower recurrence rates than iodine restriction, and therefore, diet control with strict iodine restriction might be an adverse factor in the management of GD.
Bone response to functionally loaded, two‐piece zirconia implants: A preclinical histometric study
Authors: Janner Simone F. M. , Gahlert Michael , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Roehling Stefan , Milz Stefan , Higginbottom Frank , Buser Daniel , Cochran David L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the bone response to a two‐piece zirconia implant in comparison with a control titanium implant in the canine mandible 4 and 16 weeks after restoration.Material and MethodsZirconia and titanium implants were alternately placed bilaterally in healed mandibular molar and premolar sites of five canines. Full‐ceramic single‐tooth restorations were cemented after 6 weeks of transmucosal healing, allowing for full functional loading of the implants. Histologic and histometric analyses were performed on orofacial and mesiodistal undecalcified sections of the specimens obtained upon sacrifice after 4 and 16 weeks of functional loading. Bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC), multinucleated giant cells‐to‐implant contact (MIC), crestal bone level, and peri‐implant bone density were histometrically assessed.ResultsAll 60 implants and 60 restorations were still in function after 4 and 16 weeks of loading in both test and control groups. No implant loss, no implant or abutment fracture, and no chipping of the restorations could be detected. Histometric analysis showed no statistically significant differences between zirconia and titanium implants in BIC, crestal bone level, and peri‐implant bone density at both time points. Between 4 and 16 weeks, the crestal bone level around zirconia implants showed a small but statistically significant increase in its distance from the implant shoulder. MIC was very low on both implant types and both time points and decreased statistically significantly overtime.ConclusionThe present two‐piece zirconia implant showed a similar bone integration compared to the titanium implant with similar surface morphology after 4 and 16 weeks of loading.
Multivisceral transplant is a viable treatment option for patients with non‐resectable intra‐abdominal fibromatosis
Authors: Chi Zhikai , Mangus Richard S , Kubal Chandrashekhar A. , Chen Shaoxiong , Lin Jingmei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundIntra‐abdominal fibromatosis often involves the mesentery root which is non‐resectable by conventional surgery. Multivisceral transplant (MVT), as a potential cure to non‐resectable fibromatosis, has rarely been reported and the prognosis is unknown.MethodsSix patients who underwent MVT for intra‐abdominal fibromatosis were reviewed. Clinicopathological features, immunohistochemistry for β‐catenin, p53, and Ki67, and outcomes were evaluated. Appropriate data for comparative analysis were obtained from a cohort of 24 patients who underwent conventional resection for intra‐abdominal fibromatosis.ResultsAmong six MVT patients, four had familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Two patients had an initial intestinal transplantation, three had multiple prior surgeries, and two had adjuvant therapy. One patient died of hemorrhagic stroke shortly after MVT, and five patients (83%) survived with a median follow‐up of 64 months. The 1‐year and 5‐year survival rates were 67% for all five patients. Two patients had recurrences after MVT and one of them had FAP. In comparison, six of 24 patients who underwent conventional surgery had FAP; six (25%) had recurrences and three had FAP. For FAP patients; the mean recurrence time was 13 months for MVT versus 6 months for conventional surgery. Ki67 proliferative index, β‐catenin, and p53 expression did not significantly correlate to recurrence.ConclusionsMultivisceral transplant (MVT) is a viable option for patients who have non‐resectable intra‐abdominal fibromatosis with promising surviving rates, although recurrence still occurs. Surgical margin, Ki67 proliferative index, β‐catenin, and p53 expression are not predicative for recurrence of fibromatosis.
Usefulness of argon plasma coagulation ablation subsequent to endoscopic snare papillectomy for ampullary adenoma
Authors: Nam Kwangwoo , Song Tae Jun , Kim Raymond E. , Cho Dong Hui , Cho Min Keun , Oh Dongwook , Park Do Hyun , Lee Sang Soo , Seo Dong‐Wan , Lee Sung Koo , Kim Myung‐Hwan , Baek Seunghee 
Published: December 2017

Background and AimEndoscopic snare papillectomy (ESP) is an effective treatment for ampullary adenoma. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is widely used as an additional method to control bleeding or ablate the residual tumor. However, the efficacy of this procedure has not yet been fully evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of APC as an additional method to ESP.MethodsPatients who underwent ESP for ampullary adenoma between September 2005 and September 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Using propensity score matching, we compared short‐ and long‐term outcomes between the ESP‐with‐additional‐APC group (ESP + APC group) and the ESP‐only group. Primary outcome was early post‐ESP adverse events (AE), and secondary outcomes were late AE and recurrence.ResultsAmong 109 patients, additional APC was carried out in 59 (54.1%) patients. After matching, 41 patients were included in both groups, respectively. Bleeding rate was significantly lower in the ESP + APC group than in the ESP‐only group (7.3% vs 31.7%, odds ratio = 0.180, P < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in other procedure‐related early AE such as pancreatitis (12.2% vs 19.5%, P = 0.365), cholangitis (2.4% vs 9.8%, P = 0.198), and perforation (2.4% vs 2.4%, P = 1.000) between the ESP + APC group and the ESP‐only group. During the follow‐up period (mean 904 ± 868 days), papillary stricture (9.8% vs 4.9%, P = 0.405) and recurrence rates (24.4% vs 24.4%, P = 0.797) were not significantly different between the ESP + APC group and the ESP‐only group.ConclusionAdditional APC during ESP may have a beneficial effect by decreasing bleeding rate without harmful effects.
‘Leukodystrophy‐like’ phenotype in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease
Authors: Hacohen Yael , Rossor Thomas , Mankad Kshitij , Chong Wk ‘Kling’ , Lux Andrew , Wassmer Evangeline , Lim Ming , Barkhof Frederik , Ciccarelli Olga , Hemingway Cheryl 
Published: December 2017

AimTo review the demographics and clinical and paraclinical parameters of children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody‐associated relapsing disease.MethodIn this UK‐based, multicentre study, 31 children with MOG antibody‐associated relapsing disease were studied retrospectively.ResultsOf the 31 children studied, 14 presented with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM); they were younger (mean 4.1y) than the remainder (mean 8.5y) who presented with optic neuritis and/or transverse myelitis (p<0.001). Similarly, children who had an abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at onset (n=20) were younger than patients with normal MRI at onset (p=0.001) or at follow‐up (p<0.001). ‘Leukodystrophy‐like’ MRI patterns of confluent largely symmetrical lesions was seen during the course of the disease in 7 out of 14 children with a diagnosis of ADEM, and was only seen in children younger than 7 years of age. Their disability after a 3‐year follow‐up was mild to moderate, and most patients continued to relapse, despite disease‐modifying treatments.InterpretationMOG antibody should be tested in children presenting with relapsing neurological disorders associated with confluent, bilateral white matter changes, and distinct enhancement pattern. Children with MOG antibody‐associated disease present with age‐related differences in phenotypes, with a severe leukoencephalopathy phenotype in the very young and normal intracranial MRI in the older children. This finding suggests a susceptibility of the very young and myelinating brain to MOG antibody‐mediated mechanisms of damage.What this paper adds

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody‐associated demyelination manifest with an age‐related phenotype.

Children with MOG antibody and ‘leukodystrophy‐like’ imaging patterns tend to have poor response to second‐line immunotherapy.
The types and management of dental trauma during military service in Finland
Authors: Antikainen Atte , Patinen Pertti , Päkkilä Jari , Tjäderhane Leo , Anttonen Vuokko 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground/AimsAll Finnish males must attend compulsory military service that lasts from 6 months to 1 year. About 25 000 males (approximately 80% of each age cohort) and 400 volunteer females complete the service annually. The aim of the study was to investigate the types of dental trauma occurring among Finnish conscripts during their military service. The article also focused on how dental trauma is treated in the Finnish Defence Forces.Material and MethodsAll dental records in the Defence Forces’ patient register concerning dental trauma during the years 2011 and 2012 were analysed by tooth number, treatment procedures and number of visits.ResultsAccording to the patient register, 361 conscripts suffered an oral trauma during their military service; thus, the average annual incidence was 7.2 trauma per 1000 conscripts. A total of 483 teeth were traumatized in the 2‐year period. The most frequently traumatized teeth were the maxillary central incisors (61%), and the most common findings were enamel or enamel‐dentin fractures (63% of all findings). Severe trauma was not common, and the most severe ones occurred during off‐duty hours. The most common treatment was direct filling (n = 189 patients). Only 53 patients had soft tissue injuries (bruises, wounds). Among patients with dental trauma, the mean number of visits to the Defence Forces’ dental clinic was 1.9. Great variation exists in recording findings concerning dental and oral trauma.ConclusionMinor trauma is common. In all cases, recording trauma and treatments should be performed carefully.
Indigenous cultural competence: A dental faculty curriculum review
Authors: Forsyth C. , Irving M. , Tennant M. , Short S. , Gilroy J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundIndigenous Australians have more than double the rate of poor oral health than their non‐Indigenous counterparts. Cultural competence of dental and oral health practitioners is fundamental to health care and quality of life in addressing health disparities in minority cultural groups in Australia. Higher education curricula reviews have identified the need for institutions to incorporate Indigenous culture and knowledge more widely into the curricula to improve educational outcomes for Indigenous Australians and to increase cultural competence for all students.AimThe aim of this research was to provide a baseline analysis of Indigenous cultural competence curricula practices to ascertain changes required within Faculty of Dentistry programmes at the University of Sydney to enable students to become more culturally competent upon graduation.MethodsStaff and students of the Doctor of Dental Medicine and Bachelor of Oral Health programmes at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney participated in an online survey. Quantitative analysis of the survey data was conducted using integrated research electronic data capture survey tools, with open‐ended questions being coded to common responses for those questions.ResultsA total of 69 staff (71%) and 191 students (51%) participated in the online survey. The majority of participants perceived there was limited Indigenous content in the curriculum. Most participants reported that Indigenous curriculum was integrated into several units of study. The main pedagogical method for curriculum delivery was lectures, followed by case studies and group discussions.ConclusionAlthough some Indigenous content exists in dental faculty curriculum, in‐depth investigation is required to develop a comprehensive, evidenced‐based Indigenous cultural competence teaching framework, for integration into Doctor of Dental Medicine and Bachelor of Oral Health curricula.
Evaluation of an animation tool developed to supplement dental student study of the cranial nerves
Authors: Lone M. , McKenna J. P. , Cryan J. F. , Vagg T. , Toulouse A. , Downer E. J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe structure/function of the cranial nerves is a core topic for dental students. However, due to the perceived complexity of the subject, it is often difficult for students to develop a comprehensive understanding of key concepts using textbooks and models. It is accepted that the acquisition of anatomical knowledge can be facilitated by visualisation of structures. This study aimed to develop and assess a novel cranial nerve animation as a supplemental learning aid for dental students.Materials and MethodsA multidisciplinary team of anatomists, neuroscientists and a computer scientist developed a novel animation depicting the cranial nerves. The animation was viewed by newly enrolled first‐year dental students, graduate entry dental students (year 1) and dental hygiene students (year 1). A simple life scenario employing the use of the cranial nerves was developed using a cartoon‐type animation with a viewing time of 3.58 minutes. The animation was developed with emphasis on a life scenario. The animation was placed online for 2 weeks with open access or viewed once in a controlled laboratory setting. Questionnaires were designed to assess the participants’ attitude towards the animation and their knowledge of the cranial nerves before and after visualisation. This study was performed before the delivery of core lectures on the cranial nerves.ResultsOur findings indicate that the use of the animation can act as a supplemental tool to improve student knowledge of the cranial nerves. Indeed, data indicate that a single viewing of the animation, in addition to 2‐week access to the animation, can act as a supplemental learning tool to assist student understanding of the structure and function of cranial nerves. The animation significantly enhanced the student's opinion that their cranial nerve knowledge had improved. From a qualitative point of view, the students described the animation as an enjoyable and useful supplement to reading material/lectures and indicated that the animation was a useful tool in understanding the cranial nerves.ConclusionOverall, these findings indicate that an animation demonstrating the cranial nerves in a simple, everyday functional scenario may act as a learning aid in the study of cranial nerves.
Omitting cytogenetic assessment from routine treatment response monitoring in chronic myeloid leukemia is safe
Authors: Geelen Inge G.P. , Thielen Noortje , Janssen Jeroen J.W.M. , Hoogendoorn Mels , Roosma Tanja J.A. , Valk Peter J.M. , Visser Otto , Cornelissen Jan J. , Westerweel Peter E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe monitoring of response in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is of great importance to identify patients failing their treatment in order to adjust TKI choice and thereby prevent progression to advanced stage disease. Cytogenetic monitoring has a lower sensitivity, is expensive, and requires invasive bone marrow sampling. Nevertheless, chronic myeloid leukemia guidelines continue to recommend performing routine cytogenetic response assessments, even when adequate molecular diagnostics are available.MethodsIn a population‐based registry of newly diagnosed CML patients in the Netherlands, all simultaneous cytogenetic and molecular assessments performed at 3, 6, and 12 months were identified and response of these matched assessments was classified according to European Leukemia Net (ELN) recommendations. The impact of discrepant cytogenetic and molecular response classifications and course of patients with additional chromosomal abnormalities were evaluated.ResultsThe overall agreement of 200 matched assessments was 78%. In case of discordant responses, response at 24 months was consistently better predicted by the molecular outcome. Cytogenetic response assessments provided relevant additional clinical information only in some cases of molecular “warning.” The development of additional cytogenetic abnormalities was always accompanied with molecular failure.ConclusionWe conclude that it is safe to omit routine cytogenetics for response assessment during treatment and to only use molecular monitoring, in order to prevent ambiguous classifications, reduce costs, and reduce the need for invasive bone marrow sampling. Cytogenetic re‐assessment should still be performed when molecular response is suboptimal.