bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A radiocarbon-dated cave sequence and thePleistocene/Holocene transition in Hungary
Authors: Sümegi Pál , Náfrádi Katalin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Petény Cave located on the Hungarian Highlandsyielded one of the most well-documented vertebratefauna of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in Hungary. Inaddition to the vertebrate remains, considerable numbersof mollusc shells and charcoals were retrieved from theprofile of the rock shelter. Furthermore, a pollen sequenceclose to the cavewas also evaluated in order to reconstructthe flora of the region. A new radiocarbon analysis of samplesfrom the Petény Cave was used to correlate data ofdifferent methods and to correct the earlier outcomes. Thecave sequence exposes layers from 15.180 cal BP to 483 calBP. Nevertheless, based on our new radiocarbon data, thesequence is incomplete and layers corresponding to thePleistocene/Holocene boundary are missing from the profile.The results of our radiocarbon analysis clearly supportconsiderable amounts of thermo-mesophylous gastropodspecies appearing as early as 15.180 cal BP. The appearanceof deciduous woodlands in the Carpathian Basin alongwith the concomitant mollusc elements is much earlierthan previously assumed, supporting the presence of temperatewoodland refugia in the study area.
Effects of Land Use and Management on SoilHydraulic Properties
Authors: Horel Ágota , Tóth Eszter , Gelybó Györgyi , Kása Ilona , Bakacsi Zsófia , Farkas Csilla 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Soil hydraulic properties are among the most importantparameters that determine soil quality and its capabilityto serve the ecosystem. Land use can significantlyinfluence soil properties, including its hydraulic conditions;however, additional factors, such as changes in climate(temperature and precipitation), can further influencethe land use effects on soil hydraulic properties. Inorder to develop possible adaptation measures and mitigateany negative effects of land use and climatic changes,it is important to study the impact of land use and changesin land use on soil hydraulic properties. In this paper,we summarize recent studies examining the effect of landuse/land cover and the associated changes in soil hydraulicproperties, mainly focusing on agricultural scenariosof cultivated croplands and different tillage systems.
Model of Pressure Distribution in Vortex Flow Controls
Authors: Mielczarek Szymon , Sawicki Jerzy M. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Vortex valves belong to the category of hydrodynamic flow controls. They are important and theoretically interesting devices, so complex from hydraulic point of view, that probably for this reason none rational concept of their operation has been proposed so far. In consequence, functioning of vortex valves is described by CFD-methods (computer-aided simulation of technical objects) or by means of simple empirical relations (using discharge coefficient or hydraulic loss coefficient). Such rational model of the considered device is proposed in the paper. It has a simple algebraic form, but is well grounded physically. The basic quantitative relationship, which describes the valve operation, i.e. dependence between the flow discharge and the circumferential pressure head, caused by the rotation, has been verified empirically. Conformity between calculated and measured parameters of the device allows for acceptation of the proposed concept.
Development of an industrial applicable dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment for improving bondability of poplar veneer
Authors: Chen Minzhi , Zhang Rong , Tang Lijuan , Zhou Xiaoyan , Li Yang , Yang Xuehui 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment in a larger scale, which has the potential for industrial application, was studied for modification of poplar veneer surface for enhancing its interface adhesion. Chemical property, morphology, surface wetting, adhesion property and the stability of the activation after plasma treatment were investigated. ESR, XPS, AFM, contact angle (CA), and shear strength test were carried out to evaluate the effect of plasma treatment. The following properties increased after treatment: the surface free radical concentration, O/C ratio, surface roughness of wood fiber, veneer surface wetting, and surface free energy. Consequently, the plywood composite prepared after plasma treatment showed higher adhesion strength than that prepared from untreated veneer. The best plywoods were obtained from veneers treated at processing power of 4.5 kW of DBD. The time-dependent analysis by surface wetting indicated a modified stability in the first two days after plasma treatment, after which the polar component of the surface decreased and its dispersive component kept the level observed after plasma treatment. In summary, veneer surface modification by DBD plasma is promising for industrial application.
Sexuality of Disabled Athletes Depending on the Form of Locomotion
Authors: Plinta Ryszard , Sobiecka Joanna , Drosdzol-Cop Agnieszka , Nowak-Brzezińska Agnieszka , Skrzypulec-Plinta Violetta 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to determine sexuality of disabled athletes depending on the form of locomotion. The study included 170 disabled athletes, aged between 18 and 45. The entire population was divided into 3 research groups depending on the form of locomotion: moving on wheelchairs (n=52), on crutches (n=29) and unaided (n=89). The research tool was a questionnaire voluntarily and anonymously completed by the respondents of the research groups. The questionnaire was composed of a general part concerning the socio-demographic conditions, medical history, health problems, a part dedicated to physical disability as well as the Polish version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) evaluating sexual life. STATISTICA 10.0 for Windows was used in the statistical analysis. Subjects moving on crutches were significantly older than ones moving on wheelchairs and unaided (34.41 ±11.00 vs. 30.49 ±10.44 and 27.99 ±10.51 years, respectively) (p=0.018). Clinically significant erectile dysfunctions were most often diagnosed in athletes moving on wheelchairs (70.27%), followed by athletes moving on crutches and moving unaided (60% and 35.42%, respectively; p=0.048). Clinical sexual dysfunctions were diagnosed on a similar level among all female athletes. It was concluded that the form of locomotion may determine sexuality of disabled men. Males on wheelchair revealed the worst sexual functioning. Female athletes moving on wheelchairs, on crutches and moving unaided were comparable in the aspect of their sexual life.
The Issue Of Water Resources Diversification In Water Supply Systems
Authors: Rak Janusz , Boryczko Krzysztof 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to present the methodology for determining the diversification degree of water resources in Collective Water Supply Systems (CWSS). Knowing the number of water supply sub-systems and their share in the total supply of water for CWSS, it is possible to calculate the dimensionless Pielou ratio. The paper presents the calculation of the diversification rate for 26 CWSS in Poland. The presented methodology makes it possible to compare CWSS with different water requirements.
The Odd Couple: Uniting Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainable Development under the Clean Development Mechanism
Authors: Condon Alexander 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article assesses the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in meeting its twin aims of emission reductions and sustainable development. To date, the CDM has failed to achieve these goals. This article argues that the CDM’s shortcomings are due to path dependence, with the CDM stuck at a suboptimal equilibrium of insufficient institutions, capital and leadership. A reform scheme involving foreign direct investment, foreign aid and CDM amendments is prescribed for pushing the CDM to a more efficient and prosperous path. A properly functioning CDM would afford both developed and developing countries the opportunity to secure a more sustainable economic and environmental future.
The detection of reverse accumulation effect in the positron annihilation profile of stack of aluminum and silver foils
Authors: Dryzek Jerzy , Siemek Krzysztof 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The implantation profile of positrons emitted from 22Na into a stack of aluminum and silver foils is the subject of the presented report. The characteristic dimple in the profile behind the Ag foil was detected. This effect arises from the differences in the linear absorption coefficient of aluminum and silver. The good agreement between the theoretical profile obtained within the multiscattering model and experimental one was achieved. The observed phenomenon can affect the positron annihilation characteristics measured for the inhomogeneous samples.
Slow positron beam at the JINR, Dubna
Authors: Horodek Paweł , Kobets Andrey G. , Meshkov Igor N. , Sidorin Alexey A. , Orlov Oleg S. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The Low Energy Positron Toroidal Accumulator (LEPTA) at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) proposed for generation of positronium in flight has been adopted for positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). The positron injector generates continuous slow positron beam with positron energy range between 50 eV and 35 keV. The radioactive 22Na isotope is used. In distinction to popular tungsten foil, here the solid neon is used as moderator. It allows to obtain the beam intensity of about 105 e+/s width energy spectrum characterized by full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 3.4 eV and a tail to lower energies of about 30 eV. The paper covers the characteristic of variable energy positron beam at the LEPTA facility: parameters, the rule of moderation, scheme of injector, and transportation of positrons into the sample chamber. Recent status of the project and its development in the field of PAS is discussed. As an example, the measurement of the positron diffusion length in pure iron is demonstrated.
PALS investigations of free volumes thermal expansion of J-PET plastic scintillator synthesized in polystyrene matrix
Authors: Wieczorek Anna , Zgardzińska Bożena , Jasińska Bożena , Gorgol Marek , Bednarski Tomasz , Białas Piotr , Czerwiński Eryk , Gajos Aleksander , Kamińska Daria , Kapłon Łukasz , Kochanowski Andrzej , Korcyl Grzegorz , Kowalski Paweł , Kozik Tomasz , Krzemień Wojciech , Kubicz Ewelina , Niedźwiecki Szymon , Pałka Marek , Raczyński Lech , Rudy Zbigniew , Rundel Oleksandr , Sharma Neha Gupta , Silarski Michał , Słomski Artur , Strzelecki Adam , Wiślicki Wojciech , Zieliński Marcin , Moskal Paweł 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The polystyrene doped with 2,5-diphenyloxazole as a primary fluor and 2-(4-styrylphenyl)benzoxazole as a wavelength shifter prepared as a plastic scintillator was investigated using positronium probe in wide range of temperatures from 123 to 423 K. Three structural transitions at 260, 283, and 370 K were found in the material. In the o-Ps intensity dependence on temperature, the significant hysteresis is observed. Heated to 370 K, the material exhibits the o-Ps intensity variations in time.
Interkulturelle Theologie als Beruf
Authors: Küster Volker 
Published: December 2015

ZusammenfassungInterkulturelle Theologie erforscht die interreligiösen, interkulturellen und interkonfessionellen Dimensionen des christlichen Glaubens. Volker Küster skizziert das Berufsbild der interkulturellen Theolog / in (1), steckt das Berufsfeld ab (2) und führt in das methodische und terminologische Handwerkszeug der Berufspraxis ein (3). In der Begegnung mit fremden Religionen, fremden Theologien und fremden Kirchen werden die drei Dimensionen interkultureller Theologie konkret. Ästhetik, Hermeneutik und Ethik dienen gleichermaßen ihrer Erschließung.
An Internationally Intelligible Principle: Comparing the Nondelegation Doctrine in the United States and European Union
Authors: Grodin Edward 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article analyzes the degree of convergence between the United States and the European Union regarding the structural role of administrative agencies. As will be argued, the United States and European Union have arrived at the same broad conclusion about a “nondelegation doctrine”: delegations to administrative agencies should be permitted so long as some limiting principle governs the exercise of that power and allows for sufficient judicial review. However, the Supreme Court has taken a more permissive approach than the Court of Justice in defining the limiting principle. The United States has loosened the reins for the sake of modern administration while the European Union has maintained a firmer grip to keep better control over the Europeanization project. Stated another way, the nondelegation doctrine is simply a reflection of the systems’ relative levels of integration. Thus, the nondelegation doctrine will be stretched in Europe as functional regulatory demands arise from wider and deeper integration. At the same time, the focus will be redirected from substantive limits to procedural controls; accordingly, this Note advocates for a European Administrative Procedure Act.
Ne bis in idem: a separation of acts in transnational cases?
Authors: Némedi Márk 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper analyses the case-law of the European Court of Justice on the substantive scope of ne bis in idem in transnational cases and evaluates the findings in light of the different concepts of legal interests inherent in the concept of crime as a material notion. I argue that the application of the interpretation of the ECJ to crimes against collective interests is insufficiently justified. As a result, the interpretation of ne bis in idem based on material facts appears only partially correct and a sense of distrust seems to be cemented between member states creating obstacles to a successful reform of the principle. Part one attempts to defend that the reasoning put forward by the court lacks relevance and evaluates how this affects mutual trust. Part two analyses this interpretation in the light of different forms of legal interest. Part three examines how later case-law has tried to explain the problematic interpretation of early cases and its relationship with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The article will conclude by summarising the findings which may put into perspective the more general challenges of cooperation in criminal matters within the EU.
Large scale classification of spectral signatures
Authors: Richter Matthias , Längle Thomas , Beyerer Jürgen 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Hyperspectral sensors are becoming cheaper, faster and more readily available.
Apart from industry applications, manufacturers push to bring compact devices
into the end-consumer market.
This development gives rise to many interesting applications such as the
identification of counterfeit pharmaceutical products or the classification of
food stuffs.
These applications require precise models of the underlying classes.
However, building these models from expert knowledge is not feasible.
In this paper, we propose to use machine learning techniques to infer a model
of many classes from an annotated dataset instead.
We investigate the use of three popular methods: support vector machines,
random forest classifiers and partial least squares.
In contrast to similar approaches using support vector machines, we restrict
ourselves to the linear formulation and train the classifiers by solving the
primal, instead of dual optimization problem.
Our experiments on a large dataset show that the support vector machine
approach is superior to random forests and partial least squares in
classification accuracy as well as training time.
Changes in Plasma Aldosterone and Electrolytes Following High-Volume and High-Intensity Resistance Exercise Protocols in Trained Men
Authors: Boone Carleigh H. , Hoffman Jay R. , Gonzalez Adam M. , Jajtner Adam R. , Townsend Jeremy R. , Baker Kayla M. , Fukuda David H. , Stout Jeffrey R. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Boone, CH, Hoffman, JR, Gonzalez, AM, Jajtner, AR, Townsend, JR, Baker, KM, Fukuda, DH, and Stout, JR. Changes in plasma aldosterone and electrolytes following high-volume and high-intensity resistance exercise protocols in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1917–1923, 2016—Program variables such as training intensity, volume, and rest interval length are known to elicit distinct hormonal, metabolic, and physical responses. However, little is known regarding resistance exercise (RE) program design and the fluid regulatory response. This investigation aimed to compare the plasma aldosterone (ALD), electrolyte, plasma volume (PV), and osmolality (Posm) responses following high-volume (HV; 4–6 × 10–12 reps, 70% 1 repetition maximum [1RM], 60-s rest) and high-intensity (HI; 6 × 3–5 reps, 90% 1RM, 180-second rest) RE protocols. Ten experienced, resistance-trained men (24.7 ± 3.4 years; 90.1 ± 11.3 kg; 176.0 ± 4.9 cm) performed each protocol in a random, counterbalanced order. Blood samples were obtained at baseline (BL), immediately (IP), 30 minutes (30P), and 1 hour (1H) postexercise. Significant trial × time interactions (p < 0.01) were observed in Posm, sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+), whereas a trend (p = 0.06) was observed for ALD. The PV shift from BL-30P was greater than BL-IP and BL-1H (p ≤ 0.05), but no significant between-trial differences were noted. Comparisons between RE protocols revealed significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) elevations during HV vs. HI in Posm at IP, 30P, and 1H; and Na+ at IP and 30P. During HV, significant reductions (p ≤ 0.05) were noted in K+ at IP compared with HI. Area under the curve analysis indicates a trend (p = 0.07) toward a higher ALD response following HV compared with HI. Results of this study indicate that high-volume, moderate-intensity resistance exercise seems to augment the fluid regulatory response to a greater extent than low-volume, high-intensity training.
ER Chaperone BiP/GRP78 Is Required for Myelinating Cell Survival and Provides Protection during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Hussien Yassir , Podojil Joseph R. , Robinson Andrew P. , Lee Amy S. , Miller Steven D. , Popko Brian 
Published: December 2015

Myelinating cells synthesize large amounts of membrane protein through the secretory pathway, which makes these cells particularly sensitive to perturbations of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ig binding protein (BiP), also known as glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), is a critical ER chaperone that also plays a pivotal role in controlling the cellular response to ER stress. To examine the potential importance of BiP to myelinating cells, we used a conditional knock-out approach toBiPgene inactivation in oligodendrocytes during development, in adulthood, and in response to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of the inflammatory demyelinating disorder multiple sclerosis (MS). During development, mice lacking functionalBiPgene expression in oligodendrocytes developed tremors and ataxia and died before reaching maturity. WhenBiPgene inactivation in oligodendrocytes was initiated in adulthood, the mice displayed severe neurological symptoms including tremors and hind-limb paralysis. The inactivation of BiP in oligodendrocytes during development or in adulthood resulted in oligodendrocyte loss and corresponding severe myelin abnormalities. Mice heterozygous for the oligodendrocyte-specific inactivation ofBiP, which were phenotypically normal without evidence of neuropathology, displayed an exacerbated response to EAE that correlated with an increased loss of oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, mice in which theBiPgene was specifically inactivated in developing Schwann cells displayed tremor that progressed to hindlimb paralysis, which correlated with diminished numbers of myelinating Schwann cells and severe PNS hypomyelination. These studies demonstrate that BiP is critical for myelinating cell survival and contributes to the protective response of oligodendrocyte against inflammatory demyelination.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe myelinating cells, oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS, are responsible for synthesizing an enormous amount of cellular membrane during the active phase of myelination. Therefore, these cells are particularly sensitive to insults that disrupt the function of the secretory pathway. Here, we show that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident chaperone protein Ig binding protein (BiP) plays an essential role in the survival and function of myelinating cells both during the myelination process and in adult animals. Moreover, we demonstrate that BiP participates in the protective response of oligodendrocytes to inflammatory demyelinating insults. The work described here suggests that a compromised response to perturbations to the ER could contribute to myelin disorders of the CNS and PNS.
From Memory Impairment to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Like Phenotypes: The Critical Role of an Unpredictable Second Traumatic Experience
Authors: Finsterwald Charles , Steinmetz Adam B. , Travaglia Alessio , Alberini Cristina M. 
Published: December 2015

Arousal and stress critically regulate memory formation and retention. Increasing levels of stress produce an inverted U-shaped effect on cognitive performance, including the retention of explicit memories, and experiencing a severe stress during a traumatic event may lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the impairing effect of a severe stress on memory and the key contribution of traumatic experiences toward the development of PTSD are still unknown. Here, using increasing footshock intensities in an inhibitory avoidance paradigm, we reproduced the inverted U-shaped curve of memory performance in rats. We then show that the inverted U profile of memory performance correlates with an inverted U profile of corticosterone level in the circulation and of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, phosphorylated tropomyosin-receptor kinase B, and methyl CpG binding protein in the dorsal hippocampus. Furthermore, training with the highest footshock intensity (traumatic experience) led to a significant elevation of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors. Exposure to an unpredictable, but not to a predictable, highly stressful reminder shock after a first traumatic experience resulted in PTSD-like phenotypes, including increased memory of the trauma, high anxiety, threat generalization, and resistance to extinction. Systemic corticosterone injection immediately after the traumatic experience, but not 3 d later, was sufficient to produce PTSD-like phenotypes. We suggest that, although after a first traumatic experience a suppression of the corticosterone-dependent response protects against the development of an anxiety disorder, experiencing more than one trauma (multiple hits) is a critical contributor to the etiology of PTSD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIncreasing levels of stress produce an inverted U-shaped effect on memory retention. Humans experiencing an acute trauma may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the key contributions of trauma to PTSD formation are still unknown. This study in rats shows that a single traumatic experience leads to memory impairment, accompanied by blunted activations of circulating corticosterone and of plasticity molecular changes in the hippocampus. Experiencing a traumatic, unpredictable reminder, but not a repetition of the same trauma (predictable), leads to high anxiety, threat memory generalization, and extinction failure, typical responses of anxiety disorders and PTSD. Thus, although a first trauma elicits inhibiting responses, which may be protective, experiencing more than one unpredictable trauma is a critical contributor of PTSD etiology.