bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spreadsheets for understanding seismic energy partitioning equations
Authors: Bangash Anees Ahmad , Khan Khalid Amin , Akhter Gulraiz 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTSpreadsheets have come a long way and have become a universal computational tool and a powerful platform for performing scientific and engineering calculations. Their inherent strength lies in integrated storage and manipulation of data, together with a wide range of calculations, charting, and graphics presentation capabilities. These facilities make them ideal tools for prototyping mathematical equations and algorithms that can be adapted for instructional purposes to improve the quality of engineering education. This paper presents a set of spreadsheets that help in understanding the mathematical details behind the Zoeppritz equations and their various approximations that describe the partitioning of seismic wave energy at a planar interface between two homogeneous isotropic and elastic layers of rock. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:441–448, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21811
Exploiting sp2‐Hybridisation in the Development of Potent 1,5‐α‐l‐Arabinanase Inhibitors
Authors: Coyle Travis , Debowski Aleksandra W. , Varrot Annabelle , Stubbs Keith A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of potent inhibitors of GH93 arabinanases as well as a synthesis of a chromogenic substrate to measure GH93 arabinanase activity are described. An insight into the reasons behind the potency of the inhibitors was gained through X‐ray crystallographic analysis of the arabinanase Arb93A from Fusarium graminearum. These compounds lay a foundation for future inhibitor development as well as for the use of the chromogenic substrate in biochemical studies of GH93 arabinanases.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention within 1 year of coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Sharma Divyesh , Kotowycz Mark A. , Sharma Vinoda , Choudhury Anirban , Chan William , Freixa Xavier , Džavík Vladimír , Overgaard Christopher B. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the clinical and procedural outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 1 year of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).BackgroundCABG is the preferred revascularization strategy for patients with complex coronary artery disease due to a lower rate of repeat revascularization. Despite advances in surgical technique and medical therapy, >5% of patients require repeat revascularization within 1 year of CABG.Methods and ResultsPatients who underwent PCI within 1 year of CABG were identified from a prospective registry with data on over 20,000 PCI procedures (April 2000–June 2011). 203 post‐CABG patients underwent 228 PCI procedures on 390 lesions during this period. 45% of patients had elective PCI while 55% had PCI on an urgent basis. 81% of PCI was performed in native coronary arteries, usually following graft failure in a previously grafted vessel (60%) or in an ungrafted native vessel (21%).ConclusionsPatients who required PCI within 1 year of CABG were more likely to present on an urgent basis and have PCI performed in grafted native coronary vessels. However, nearly third of the patients had PCI to an ungrafted native vessel or to a lesion in the native vessel where the graft was still patent. Further studies are needed to determine whether the use of hybrid revascularization strategies (combination CABG and planned PCI) in appropriate patients could reduce the need for urgent PCI within the first year after CABG. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Synthesis of Terminal Acetals from Vinylarenes Assisted by π‐Acceptor Ligands
Authors: Matsumura Satoko , Sato Ruriko , Nakaoka Sonoe , Yokotani Wakana , Murakami Yuka , Kataoka Yasutaka , Ura Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 5/2017 is provided by researchers from Nara Women's University (Japan). The image shows a novel synthesis of terminal acetals from vinylarenes and diols that uses Pd and Cu catalysts and O2, brought by the fairies, and is efficiently promoted by methoxy‐p‐benzoquinone brought by the goddess. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201601517.
Molybdenum and Tungsten Imido Alkylidene N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts Bearing Cationic Ligands for Use in Biphasic Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Elser Iris , Schowner Roman , Frey Wolfgang , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIonic Mo‐ and W‐imido alkylidene N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) olefin metathesis catalysts, [Mo{N‐2,6‐(Me2)C6H3}(CHCMe2Ph)(IMesH2)(OTf)(PPS)]OTf (3), [Mo(N‐2,6‐(Me2)C6H3)(CHCMe2Ph)(IMesH2)(OC6F5)(PPS)][B(ArF)4] (5), [Mo(NtBu)(CHCMe2Ph)(4,5‐dichloro‐1,3‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)(OTf)(2,6‐Ph‐4‐{2,4,6‐Ph‐pyridinium}phenolate)][OTf] (9), [Mo(NtBu)(CHCMe2Ph)(4,5‐dichloro‐1,3‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)(2,6‐Ph‐4‐{2,4,6‐Ph‐pyridinium}phenolate)][B(ArF)4]2 (10, PPS=pyridiniumpropanesulfonate, IMesH2=1,3‐dimesitylimidazolin‐2‐ylidene, OTf=CF3SO3, B(ArF)4=tetrakis(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate) were prepared from betaine‐type ligands. Also, the first bis‐NHC and a nitron‐based bis(amido) bistriflate imido alkylidene complex, [Mo(NtBu)(CHCMe2Ph)(4,5‐dichloro‐1,3‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)2(THF)(2,6‐Ph‐4‐{2,4,6‐Ph‐pyridinium}phenolate)][OTf]2 (11) and [Mo(N‐2,6‐Me2‐C6H3)(CHCMe2Ph)(N‐{1,4‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐triazol‐2‐ylium}‐N‐phenyl‐amido)2][OTf]2 (14) along with ionic [W(N‐2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)(CHCMe2Ph)(N‐2,5‐Me2C4H2)(IiPr)(2,6‐tBu‐4‐PPh3‐phenolate)] (17, IiPr=1,3‐diisopropylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) are reported. With these new catalysts, the first biphasic reaction setup with Group 6 metal alkylidene NHC complexes was successfully established using a pyrrole/heptane mixture as a liquid phase. Productivities under biphasic conditions were comparable to those of reactions in 1,2‐dichloroethane or toluene. Metal concentrations of <2 ppm migrated into the nonpolar heptane phase as measured by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy.
Performance of Pt and Pt‐Rh catalyst in the hydrogen production from glycerol
Authors: Oliveira Éder V. , Seixas Ana C. M. , Jordão Elizabete 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper shows the behaviour of Pt and Pt‐Rh catalysts supported on α‐Al2O3 and γ‐Al2O3 for hydrogen production by glycerol aqueous phase reforming. The catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation with ion exchange correcting the pH of catalysts. The catalyst Pt/α‐Al2O3 showed low activity, high selectivity, and fast deactivation. Its behaviour was completely modified by the presence of Rh, which improved the conversion and the life span. The Pt/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst showed a different behaviour, with more conversion and high life span. The presence of rhodium in this catalyst did not change significantly the catalyst behaviour like other catalysts made with α‐alumina. The yield for hydrogen production was low for all catalysts.
Progression‐free survival of children with localized ependymoma treated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy or proton‐beam radiation therapy
Authors: Sato Mariko , Gunther Jillian R. , Mahajan Anita , Jo Eunji , Paulino Arnold C. , Adesina Adekunle M. , Jones Jeremy Y. , Ketonen Leena M. , Su Jack M. , Okcu M. Fatih , Khatua Soumen , Dauser Robert C. , Whitehead William E. , Weinberg Jeffrey , Chintagumpala Murali M. 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDThe treatment for childhood intracranial ependymoma includes maximal surgical resection followed by involved‐field radiotherapy, commonly in the form of intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Proton‐beam radiation therapy (PRT) is used at some centers in an effort to decrease long‐term toxicity. Although protons have the theoretical advantage of a minimal exit dose to the surrounding uninvolved brain tissue, it is unknown whether they have the same efficacy as photons in preventing local recurrence.METHODSA retrospective review of medical records from September 2000 to April 2013 was performed. Seventy‐nine children with newly diagnosed localized intracranial ependymomas treated with either IMRT (n = 38) or PRT (n = 41) were identified, and progression‐free survival (PFS) was analyzed with Kaplan‐Meier and Cox multivariate analyses.RESULTSThe median age at diagnosis was 3.7 years for all patients (range, 0.4‐18.7 years). There were 54 patients with infratentorial tumors (68% of the total population). Patients treated with PRT were younger (median age, 2.5 vs 5.7 years; P = .001) and had a shorter median follow‐up (2.6 vs 4.9 years; P < .0001). Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 67 patients (85%) and was more frequent in the PRT group versus the IMRT group (93% vs 76%; P = .043). The 3‐year PFS rates were 60% and 82% with IMRT and PRT, respectively (P = .031).CONCLUSIONSChildren with localized ependymomas treated with PRT have a 3‐year PFS rate comparable to that of children treated with IMRT. This analysis suggests that local control is not compromised by the use of PRT. The data also support GTR as the only prognostic factor for PFS. Cancer 2017;123:2570–78. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Cell type‐dependent axonal localization of translational regulators and mRNA in mouse peripheral olfactory neurons
Authors: Korsak Lulu I T. , Shepard Katherine A. , Akins Michael R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLocal protein synthesis in mature axons may play a role in synaptic plasticity, axonal arborization, or functional diversity of the circuit. To gain insight into this question, we investigated the axonal localization of translational regulators and associated mRNAs in five parallel olfactory circuits, four in the main olfactory bulb and one in the accessory olfactory bulb. Axons in all four main olfactory bulb circuits exhibited axonal localization of Fragile X granules (FXGs), structures that comprise ribosomes, mRNA, and RNA binding proteins including Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and the related protein FXR2P. In contrast, FXGs were not seen in axons innervating the accessory olfactory bulb. Similarly, axons innervating the main olfactory bulb, but not the accessory olfactory bulb, contained the FXG‐associated mRNA Omp (olfactory marker protein). This differential localization was not explained by circuit‐dependent differences in expression of FXG components or Omp, suggesting that other factors must regulate their axonal transport. The specificity of this transport was highlighted by the absence from olfactory axons of the calmodulin transcript Calm1, which is highly expressed in peripheral olfactory neurons at levels equivalent to Omp. Regulation of axonal translation by FMRP may shape the structure and function of the axonal arbor in mature sensory neurons in the main olfactory system but not in the accessory olfactory system.
Game theoretic approach on Real‐time decision making for IoT‐based traffic light control
Authors: Bui Khac‐Hoai Nam , Jung Jai E. , Camacho David 
Published: March 2017

SummarySmart traffic light control at intersections is 1 of the major issues in Intelligent Transportation System. In this paper, on the basis of the new emerging technologies of Internet of Things, we introduce a new approach for smart traffic light control at intersection. In particular, we firstly propose a connected intersection system where every objects such as vehicles, sensors, and traffic lights will be connected and sharing information to one another. By this way, the controller is able to collect effectively and mobility traffic flow at intersection in real‐time. Secondly, we propose the optimization algorithms for traffic lights by applying algorithmic game theory. Specially, 2 game models (which are Cournot Model and Stackelberg Model) are proposed to deal with difference scenarios of traffic flow. In this regard, based on the density of vehicles, controller will make real‐time decisions for the time durations of traffic lights to optimize traffic flow. To evaluate our approach, we have used Netlogo simulator, an agent‐based modeling environment for designing and implementing a simple working traffic. The simulation results shows that our approach achieves potential performance with various situations of traffic flow.
Delay‐bounded skyline computing for large‐scale real‐time online data analytics
Authors: Wang Qian , Yu Chao , Zhang Yiming , Li Huiba , Zhong Ping 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe proliferation of Internet applications, cloud systems, and mobile social networks results in unprecedented data set scale and high data generation rate. For us to be able to extract any meaningful information, it is important to achieve real‐time online data analytics. Skyline queries are important in many online data applications such as real‐time Web mining, multipreference analysis, and decision making. Most existing studies mainly focus on centralized systems, and distributed skyline query processing is still an emerging and challenging topic. In this paper, we propose SkyStorm, a delay‐bounded parallel skyline computing approach for large‐scale real‐time data analytics by dividing the search into multiple rounds and limiting the search in each round within a budget‐restricted range. The effectiveness of our proposals is demonstrated through analysis and simulations.
Mitigating impact of short‐term overload on multi‐cloud web applications through geographical load balancing
Authors: Qu Chenhao , Calheiros Rodrigo Neves , Buyya Rajkumar 
Published: March 2017

SummaryManaged by an auto‐scaler in the clouds, applications may still be overloaded by sudden flash crowds or resource failures as the auto‐scaler takes time to make scaling decisions and provision resources. With more cloud providers building geographically dispersed data centers, applications are commonly deployed in multiple data centers to better serve customers worldwide. In this case, instead of sufficiently over‐provisioning each data center to prepare for occasional overloads, it is more cost‐efficient to over‐provision each data center a small amount of capacity and to balance the extra load among them when resources in any data center are suddenly saturated. In this paper, we present a decentralized system that timely detects short‐term overload situations and autonomously handles them using geographical load balancing and admission control to minimize the resulted performance degradation. Our approach also includes a new algorithm that optimally distributes the excessive load to remote data centers causing minimum increase of overall response times. We developed a prototype and evaluated it on Amazon Web Services. The results show that our approach is able to maintain acceptable quality of service while greatly increase the number of requests served during overloading periods.
Controlled Growth of Gold Nanostars: Effect of Spike Length on SERS Signal Enhancement
Authors: Sheen Mers S. V. , Umadevi S. , Ganesh V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo different types of gold nanostars (Au NS), namely, short‐spiked nanostars (SSNS) and long‐spiked nanostars (LSNS), are prepared by using a hexagonal lyotropic liquid‐crystalline (LLC) phase as a template. The formation, size and length of spikes or arms of the resultant Au NS are controlled by preparation in either a hexagonal LLC phase or an isotropic phase. These NS are anchored onto indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes through a self‐assembled monolayer of 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, which acts as a linker molecule. Structural and morphological characterisations of SSNS‐ and LSNS‐anchored ITO electrodes are performed by means of microscopic and spectroscopic analyses. Further electrochemical techniques, namely, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, are also used to confirm the immobilisation of these Au NS on ITO electrodes and to study the electrochemical characteristics. These studies clearly reveal the formation of star‐shaped, branched, anisotropic nanostructures of gold during the template preparation method and these Au NS are successfully anchored onto ITO electrodes through a covalent immobilisation strategy. Furthermore, the SERS activity of these Au NS is analysed by using glutathione and crystal violet as analytes and by employing glass and ITO as substrates. It is interesting to note that SSNS show a significant enhancement in SERS signals relative to those of LSNS.
Chemocatalytic Conversion of Cellulosic Biomass to Methyl Glycolate, Ethylene Glycol, and Ethanol
Authors: Xu Gang , Wang Aiqin , Pang Jifeng , Zhao Xiaochen , Xu Jinming , Lei Nian , Wang Jia , Zheng Mingyuan , Yin Jianzhong , Zhang Tao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractProduction of chemicals and fuels from renewable cellulosic biomass is important for the creation of a sustainable society, and it critically relies on the development of new and efficient transformation routes starting from cellulose. Here, a chemocatalytic conversion route from cellulosic biomass to methyl glycolate (MG), ethylene glycol (EG), and ethanol (EtOH) is reported. By using a tungsten‐based catalyst, cellulose is converted into MG with a yield as high as 57.7 C % in a one‐pot reaction in methanol at 240 °C and 1 MPa O2, and the obtained MG can be easily separated by distillation. Afterwards, it can be nearly quantitatively converted to EG at 200 °C and to EtOH at 280 °C with a selectivity of 50 % through hydrogenation over a Cu/SiO2 catalyst. By this approach, the fine chemical MG, the bulk chemical EG, and the fuel additive EtOH can all be efficiently produced from renewable cellulosic materials, thus providing a new pathway towards mitigating the dependence on fossil resources.
An Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Unexpected Catalytic Activity of Triethanolamine for the Carboxylative Cyclization of Propargylic Amines with CO2
Authors: Zhao Yuling , Qiu Jikuan , Li Zhiyong , Wang Huiyong , Fan Maohong , Wang Jianji 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChemical conversion of CO2 under atmospheric pressure and metal‐free conditions remains a great challenge. In this work, a series of alkanolamines, low‐cost and biodegradable bases, were used to catalyze the carboxylative cyclization of propargylic amines with CO2. Among these alkanolamines, triethanolamine (TEOA) was found to be a highly efficient organocatalyst for this important transformation at atmospheric pressure, and a series of desired products were synthesized in good to excellent yields. After the reactions, TEOA could be easily recovered and reused without obvious reduction in the efficiency. DFT studies revealed that TEOA may activate CO2 to form a ring‐shaped carbonate intermediate that plays an important role in the catalysis of the reaction. This finding provides an effective and environmentally friendly alternative route for the production of 2‐oxazolidinones.
Selective Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to 1,3‐Propanediol: Manipulating the Frustrated Lewis Pairs by Introducing Gold to Pt/WOx
Authors: Zhao Xiaochen , Wang Jia , Yang Man , Lei Nian , Li Lin , Hou Baolin , Miao Shu , Pan Xiaoli , Wang Aiqin , Zhang Tao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Tao Zhang at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The image shows that Au promoter can simultaneously improve the glycerol conversion and 1,3‐propanediol selectivity under relatively mild conditions, by enlarging the analogue of “Frustrated Lewis Pairs” with the assistance of H2. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201601503.
Wood ants produce a potent antimicrobial agent by applying formic acid on tree‐collected resin
Authors: Brütsch Timothée , Jaffuel Geoffrey , Vallat Armelle , Turlings Ted C. J. , Chapuisat Michel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWood ants fight pathogens by incorporating tree resin with antimicrobial properties into their nests. They also produce large quantities of formic acid in their venom gland, which they readily spray to defend or disinfect their nest. Mixing chemicals to produce powerful antibiotics is common practice in human medicine, yet evidence for the use of such “defensive cocktails” by animals remains scant. Here, we test the hypothesis that wood ants enhance the antifungal activity of tree resin by treating it with formic acid. In a series of experiments, we document that (i) tree resin had much higher inhibitory activity against the common entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum after having been in contact with ants, while no such effect was detected for other nest materials; (ii) wood ants applied significant amounts of endogenous formic and succinic acid on resin and other nest materials; and (iii) the application of synthetic formic acid greatly increased the antifungal activity of resin, but had no such effect when applied to inert glass material. Together, these results demonstrate that wood ants obtain an effective protection against a detrimental microorganism by mixing endogenous and plant‐acquired chemical defenses. In conclusion, the ability to synergistically combine antimicrobial substances of diverse origins is not restricted to humans and may play an important role in insect societies.
Oxygen and carbon isoscapes for the Baltic Sea: Testing their applicability in fish migration studies
Authors: Torniainen Jyrki , Lensu Anssi , Vuorinen Pekka J. , Sonninen Eloni , Keinänen Marja , Jones Roger I. , Patterson William P. , Kiljunen Mikko 
Published: March 2017

AbstractConventional tags applied to individuals have been used to investigate animal movement, but these methods require tagged individuals be recaptured. Maps of regional isotopic variability known as “isoscapes” offer potential for various applications in migration research without tagging wherein isotope values of tissues are compared to environmental isotope values. In this study, we present the spatial variability in oxygen () and dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) isotope values of Baltic Sea water. We also provide an example of how these isoscapes can reveal locations of individual animal via spatial probability surface maps, using the high‐resolution salmon otolith isotope data from salmon during their sea‐feeding phase in the Baltic Sea. A clear latitudinal and vertical gradient was found for both and δ13CDIC values. The difference between summer and winter in the Baltic Sea values was only slight, whereas δ13CDIC values exhibited substantial seasonal variability related to algal productivity. Salmon otolith δ18Ooto and δ13Coto values showed clear differences between feeding areas and seasons. Our example demonstrates that dual isotope approach offers great potential for estimating probable fish habitats once issues in model parameterization have been resolved.