bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Корекція гіпокальціємії при різних захворюваннях щитоподібної залози після тиреоїдектомії
Authors: Kashperska V.Ya. 
Published: November 2016

Попри значні успіхи в розвитку хірургічного лікування захворювань щитоподібної залози (ЩЗ), так і залишаються актуальними і поки невирішеними питання профілактики і корекції післяопераційного гіпопаратиреозу з розробкою чітких рекомендацій для підбору оптимальних схем корекції післяопераційної гіпокальціємії. Мета дослідження: розробити диференційовану схему лікування післяопераційного гіпопаратиреозу і визначити оптимальну терапію гіпокальціємії після тиреоїдектомії при різних захворюваннях ЩЗ. Матеріали і методи. У проспективному дослідженні 77 пацієнтів після тиреоїдектомії з приводу різних захворювань ЩЗ проводилося спостереження впродовж 6 місяців із регулярною оцінкою показників фосфорно-кальцієвого обміну. Відповідно до схеми терапії пацієнти були розподілені на три групи залежно від початкових показників 25(ОН)D до операції і рівня паратгормона після операції. Результати. Оптимальною схемою корекції післяопераційної гіпокальціємії є комбіноване призначення препарату кальцію і аналогів активного метаболіту вітаміну D, що забезпечує швидку позитивну динаміку основних показників фосфорно-кальцієвого обміну із досягненням стійкого ефекту. Усім пацієнтам із захворюванням ЩЗ в період передопераційної підготовки рекомендується проводити визначення 25(ОН)D з метою використання цього показника як прогностичного чинника розвитку післяопераційної гіпокальціємії. Висновки. При виявленні гіпокальціємії після тиреоїдектомії рекомендується розпочати комбіновану терапію препаратами кальцію і аналогами активного метаболіту вітаміну D незалежно від нозології патології щитоподібної залози, об’єму операції, однак слід здійснювати індивідуальний підбір дозування під контролем основних показників фосфорно-кальцієвого обміну.
Взаємозв’язки гормональних порушень і компонентів метаболічного синдрому у хворих на первинний гіпотиреоз
Authors: Yuzvenko Т.Yu. 
Published: November 2016

Упродовж останнього десятиліття опублікована велика кількість результатів досліджень, присвячених проблемі гіпотиреозу, що докорінно змінили погляди на значення патології щитоподібної залози загалом. Нейрогуморальні зміни розглядають як патогенетичний чинник розвитку гіпотиреозу в осіб із метаболічним синдромом (МС). Мета дослідження — дослідити особливості гормональних порушень та їх кореляційні взаємозв’язки з компонентами метаболічного синдрому у хворих на первинний гіпотиреоз. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 80 хворих на первинний гіпотиреоз, серед них у 61 особи відмічався МС, у 19 ознак МС не спостерігалося. Результати. Хворим на гіпотиреоз із МС притаманна гіперлептинемія в поєднанні з гіперінсулінемією, гіперкортизолемією, підвищенням рівня С-пептиду, при цьому найсуттєвіші зміни спостерігаються у хворих із повним (багатокомпонентним) МС. Висновки. Установлено взаємозв’язки гіперлептинемії із вмістом глікемії натще, глікованим гемоглобіном, рівнем інсуліну, тиреотропного гормона, індексом HOMA, що свідчить про модулюючу роль хронічної гіперглікемії, гормональних порушень та інсулінорезистентності до експресії та реалізації біологічної дії лептину у хворих на гіпотиреоз із МС.
Сучасні погляди на алгоритми ведення вагітних і породіль із дифузним токсичним зобом
Authors: Pankiv V.I. , Payenok O.S. , Kostiv M.O. 
Published: November 2016

У статті наведені сучасні погляди та дані щодо чинників ризику, механізмів розвитку, клінічних особливостей та ускладнень дифузного токсичного зоба під час вагітності, пологів, у післяпологовому періоді та у новонароджених. Висвітлена інформація щодо сучасних підходів до діагностики, лікування та профілактики цього захворювання, що надає підставу рекомендувати її для впровадження в практику.
The Diversity of Legume-Nodulating Bacteria from Several Agroecosystems in Sumberjaya, Lampung
Authors: Wedhastri Sri , Prahastiwi Yuliana , Widada Jaka , Widianto Donny , Kabirun Siti 
Published: November 2016

Bacteria that capable of forming root nodules on legumes are known as Rhizobia. They have also known as Legume- Nodulating Bacteria (LNB). They can fi x nitrogen from the atmosphere. Diversity of Legume-Nodulating Bacteria is affected by biotic factors (such as their genetic factors, plants, and competition with the other soil microbes) and abiotic factors (such as land use, soil’s temperature, pH, chemistry and soil’s properties). The aim of this experiment is to know the diversity of eleven Legume- Nodulating Bacteria based on their phenotypic and genotypic characters. The eleven LNB used in this experiments were isolated from several agroecosystems in Sumberjaya, Lampung. The analysis of these LNB diversity were carried out by characterizing both phenotypic and genotypic properties. The diversity analysis showed that the eleven LNB isolates had high diversity, based on nodule formation, and classifi ed into two groups of cross inoculation group. Key words: Rhizobia, phenotypic diversity, genotypic diversity
Agrobacterium-Mediated Stable Transformation of Medicinal Plant Andrographis paniculata Callus Expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) Gene
Authors: Marwani Erly , Tangapo Agustina , Dwivany Fenny Martha 
Published: November 2016

This study was carried out to establish a stable genetic transformation in callus culture of Andrographispaniculata mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The leaf disks of A. paniculata were infected with A. tumefaciensLBA4404 carrying a binary vector pCAMBIA1304 that contain β-glucuronidase (GUS) and hygromycinphosphotransferase (hpt) genes. The infection was conducted by dipping method for one hour, followed byco-cultivation in the dark for three days. To examine transient GUS expression, the co-cultivated leaf disks wereassayed for β-glucuronidase activity and to obtain stable transformed callus, the co-cultivated leaf disks wereselected on the callus induction medium which contain 20 mg/l hygromycin for selection. The transformedcallus was periodically subcultured every three weeks into the fresh selection medium over the 15 weeksperiod. To test a stable transformation, the callus was subjected to PCR analysis for GUS gene detection. Theresults indicated that the co-cultivated leaf disks expressed GUS activity and proliferated to produce callus onthe selective medium. Analysis of PCR on the transformed callus indicated the presence 976 bp fragment thatconfi rmed the presence of β-glucuronidase gene. These fi ndings imply that the β-glucuronidase was stably integrated into A. paniculata callus culture.Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, andrographollide, transformed callus,β-glucuronidase gene.
Short-term migration of transplanted Lin–Sca-1+c-kit+ hematopoietic stem cells after hippocampal ischemic injury of mice
Authors: Kyryk V. 
Published: November 2016

The study of migration and differentiation potential of different types of stem cells remains a problem for cell biology and regenerative medicine. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the ability of transplanted hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) of murine fetal liver to migrate into a zone of hippocampal ischemic injury at suboccipital intraventricular injection; and to assess their neural differentiation possibility in the early period after transplantation.Materials and methods. We modeled an ischemic injury of the hippocampus of FVB-wt mice and after 24 hours transplanted suboccipitaly fetal liver HSC of FVB-Cg-Tg(GFPU)5Nagy/J fetuses (transgenic by GFP). Sorting of Lin–Sca-1+c-kit+ HSC fractions was performed by FACS. After 7 and 14 days we performed immunohistochemical staining of brain slices for GFP, NeuN and GFAP markers.Results. On the 7th day after transplantation injected cells penetrated up to 100 µm from the wall of the 3rd ventricle, and on the 14th day single transplanted cells localized in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 region. Donor’s cells were round shape and did not express NeuN and GFAP markers. Features of reactive astrogliosis and neuronal death were kept in the hippocampal CA1 region of experimental animals, similar to the control group.Conclusion. Transplanted Lin–Sca-1+c-kit+ mice fetal liver HSC are able to survive and migrate to the area of hippocampal ischemic injury, but the possibility of their neuronal or astrocyte differentiation in 14-day time was not confirmed.
Effect of thickness on structural, corrosion and mechanical properties of a thin ZrN film deposited by medium frequency (MF) reactive sputtering
Authors: Kavitha Ayyalu , Kannan Raman , Loganathan Subramani 
Published: November 2016

AbstractZirconium nitride (ZrN) thin films were prepared on stainless steel (SS) substrates by medium frequency (MF) reactive sputtering with gas ion source (GIS) by varying the deposition time and obtained thickness (tZrN) in the range of 1.25 to 3.24 μm. The effect of thickness on the structural and microstructural properties was studied using XRD and AFM. XRD characterization revealed that the texture of the ZrN thin films changes as a function of thickness. Both, the (111) and (200) peak, appear initially and (111) becomes more intense with increasing tZrN. AFM imaging revealed that the ZrN thin film coated with tZrN ≈ 3.24 μm shows larger grains that are uniformly distributed over the surface. An average hardness value of 19.79 GPa was observed for ZrN thin films having tZrN ≈ 3.24 μm. The ZrN thin films having tZrN ≈ 3.24 μm exhibits better adhesion strength up to 20 N. The electrochemical polarization studies indicated that the ZrN thin film having larger thickness shows improved corrosion resistance compared to SS in 3.5 % NaCl solution.
Integrin Cross-Talk Regulates the Human Neutrophil Response to Fungal β-Glucan in the Context of the Extracellular Matrix: A Prominent Role for VLA3 in the Antifungal Response
Authors: Johnson Courtney M. , O’Brien Xian M. , Byrd Angel S. , Parisi Valentina E. , Loosely Alex J. , Li Wei , Witt Hadley , Faridi Hafeez M. , Lefort Craig T. , Gupta Vineet , Kim Minsoo , Reichner Jonathan S. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Candida albicans infection produces elongated hyphae resistant to phagocytic clearance compelling alternative neutrophil effector mechanisms to destroy these physically large microbial structures. Additionally, all tissue-based neutrophilic responses to fungal infections necessitate contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Neutrophils undergo a rapid, ECM-dependent mechanism of homotypic aggregation and NETosis in response to C. albicans mediated by the β2 integrin, complement receptor 3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18, αMβ2). Neither homotypic aggregation nor NETosis occurs when human neutrophils are exposed either to immobilized fungal β-glucan or to C. albicans hyphae without ECM. The current study provides a mechanistic basis to explain how matrix controls the antifungal effector functions of neutrophils under conditions that preclude phagocytosis. We show that CR3 ligation initiates a complex mechanism of integrin cross-talk resulting in differential regulation of the β1 integrins VLA3 (α3β1) and VLA5 (α5β1). These β1 integrins control distinct antifungal effector functions in response to either fungal β-glucan or C. albicans hyphae and fibronectin, with VLA3 inducing homotypic aggregation and VLA5 regulating NETosis. These integrin-dependent effector functions are controlled temporally whereby VLA5 and CR3 induce rapid, focal NETosis early after binding fibronectin and β-glucan. Within minutes, CR3 undergoes inside-out auto-activation that drives the downregulation of VLA5 and the upregulation of VLA3 to support neutrophil swarming and aggregation. Forcing VLA5 to remain in the activated state permits NETosis but prevents homotypic aggregation. Therefore, CR3 serves as a master regulator during the antifungal neutrophil response, controlling the affinity states of two different β1 integrins, which in turn elicit distinct effector functions.
Negative Marking and the Student Physician–-A Descriptive Study of Nigerian Medical Schools
Authors: Ndu Ikenna Kingsley , Ekwochi Uchenna , Di Osuorah Chidiebere , Asinobi Isaac Nwabueze , Nwaneri Michael Osita , Uwaezuoke Samuel Nkachukwu , Amadi Ogechukwu Franscesca , Okeke Ifeyinwa Bernadette , Chinawa Josephat Maduabuchi , Orjioke Casmir James Ginikanwa 
Published: November 2016

Background There is considerable debate about the two most commonly used scoring methods, namely, the formula scoring (popularly referred to as negative marking method in our environment) and number right scoring methods. Although the negative marking scoring system attempts to discourage students from guessing in order to increase test reliability and validity, there is the view that it is an excessive and unfair penalty that also increases anxiety. Feedback from students is part of the education process; thus, this study assessed the perception of medical students about negative marking method for multiple choice question (MCQ) examination formats and also the effect of gender and risk-taking behavior on scores obtained with this assessment method. Methods This was a prospective multicenter survey carried out among fifth year medical students in Enugu State University and the University of Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered to 175 medical students from the two schools, while a class test was administered to medical students from Enugu State University. Qualitative statistical methods including frequencies, percentages, and chi square were used to analyze categorical variables. Quantitative statistics using analysis of variance was used to analyze continuous variables. Results Inquiry into assessment format revealed that most of the respondents preferred MCQs (65.9%). One hundred and thirty students (74.3%) had an unfavorable perception of negative marking. Thirty-nine students (22.3%) agreed that negative marking reduces the tendency to guess and increases the validity of MCQs examination format in testing knowledge content of a subject compared to 108 (61.3%) who disagreed with this assertion (χ 2 = 23.0, df = 1, P = 0.000). The median score of the students who were not graded with negative marking was significantly higher than the score of the students graded with negative marking ( P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the risk-taking behavior between male and female students in their MCQ answering patterns with negative marking method ( P = 0.618). Conclusions In the assessment of students, it is more desirable to adopt fair penalties for discouraging guessing rather than excessive penalties for incorrect answers, which could intimidate students in negative marking schemes. There is no consensus on the penalty for an incorrect answer. Thus, there is a need for continued research into an effective and objective assessment tool that will ensure that the students’ final score in a test truly represents their level of knowledge.
Second Order Convergence of the Interpolation based on-Element
Authors: He Ruijian , Feng Xinlong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the second order convergence of the interpolation based on-element is derived in the case ofd=1, 2 and 3. Using the integral average on each element, the new basis functions of tensor product type is builded up and we can easily extend it to the higher dimensional case. Finally, some numerical tests are made to show the analytical results of the interpolation errors.
Idiosyncratic musings on studying cases
Authors: Bredillet Christophe 
Published: November 2016

For the past 60 years, organisations have increasingly been using projects and management of, by and for projects to achieve their strategic objectives (Morris & Jamieson, 2004; Morris & Geraldi, 2011). Project management (PM) makes an important and significant contribution to value creation globally. However, the ‘glocal’ context in which projects are performed shows increasing volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (‘VUCA’) affecting organisations and the socio-economic environment, within which they operate (Gareis, 2005). Two main dimensions are considered in research: uncertainty (and its two dimensions: volatility and ambiguity), and complexity (Bredillet, 2015). Because action takes place over time, and because the future is unknowable, action is inherently uncertain (Aristotle, 1926, 1357a). Acts involve time, irreversibility, indetermination and contingence, and uncertainty (Sanderson, 2012; Knight, 1921). "We simply do not know" (Keynes, 1937, pp. 113–114). Management situations (here both Practice and Research) are complex systems in the way they involve interdependence and connections between actors, ‘objects’ and the context.
Optimized merging of search coil and fluxgate data for MMS
Authors: Fischer David , Magnes Werner , Hagen Christian , Dors Ivan , Chutter Mark W. , Needell Jerry , Torbert Roy B. , Le Contel Olivier , Strangeway Robert J. , Kubin Gernot , Valavanoglou Aris , Plaschke Ferdinand , Nakamura Rumi , Mirioni Laurent , Russell Christopher T. , Leinweber Hannes K. , Bromund Kenneth R. , Le Guan , Kepko Lawrence , Anderson Brian J. , Slavin James A. , Baumjohann Wolfgang 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The Magnetospheric Multiscale mission (MMS) targets the characterization of fine-scale current structures in the Earth's tail and magnetopause. The high speed of these structures, when traversing one of the MMS spacecraft, creates magnetic field signatures that cross the sensitive frequency bands of both search coil and fluxgate magnetometers. Higher data quality for analysis of these events can be achieved by combining data from both instrument types and using the frequency bands with best sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio from both sensors. This can be achieved by a model-based frequency compensation approach which requires the precise knowledge of instrument gain and phase properties. We discuss relevant aspects of the instrument design and the ground calibration activities, describe the model development and explain the application on in-flight data. Finally, we show the precision of this method by comparison of in-flight data. It confirms unity gain and a time difference of less than 100 µs between the different magnetometer instruments.
Geographical tourism research and education at the Jagiellonian University School of Tourism in Poland (1936–1939)
Authors: Jackowski Antoni , Sołjan Izabela , Bilska-Wodecka Elżbieta , Liro Justyna 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The beginning of the twentieth century was a time of intensive development of geographical research on tourism, as well as the establishment of tourism research centers in many European countries. The Jagiellonian University School of Tourism played an important role in the development of tourism geography and education, spatial and regional planning, and personnel training for tourism developing in the 1930s in Poland. Tourism education in the school was characterized by a modern curriculum and forms of teaching, including fieldwork, focusing on developing practical skills, and linking research topics with the teaching process. The school conducted extensive research, publishing and documentary activities. The achievements of the Jagiellonian University School of Tourism helped raise awareness in society of the importance of tourism in the socio-economic development of regions and cities. This article presents the history of the Jagiellonian University School of Tourism and highlights its role in the development of tourism research and education in Europe. The school is mentioned among the pioneering centers of tourism, i.e., Robert Glucksmann's Tourism Research Institute at the Berlin School of Commerce, Walter Hunziker's and Kurt Krapf's tourism seminar in St. Gallen, and Raoul Blanchard's Institute of Alpine Geography in Grenoble.
Prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidiosis: a global, emerging, neglected zoonosis
Authors: Bamaiyi Pwaveno Huladeino , Redhuan Nur Eliyana Mohd 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background
Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the important parasitic diarrheal agent Cryptosporidium spp. Cryptosporidiosis occurs in all classes of animals and man with a rapidly expanding host range and increased importance since the occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in man.

Objectives
To review the global picture of cryptosporidiosis in man and animals with emphasis on prevalence and risk factors.

Methods
Current relevant literature on cryptosporidiosis was reviewed.

Results
Cryptosporidiosis is widely distributed and the risk factors vary from one region to another with hygiene and immune status as important risk factors.

Conclusions

Cryptosporidium spp. associated mortality has not only been reported in immune-compromised patients, but also in immune-competent patients. Yet in many countries not much attention is paid to the control and prevention of this infection in animals and man. The neglect of this disease despite the serious threat it poses to animals, their husbandry, and humans, has led the World Health Organization to list it among globally neglected diseases. To control and prevent this infection more effort needs to be directed at controlling the risk factors of the infection in man and animals.
Geochemical Assessment of Trace Metal Distribution and Contamination in the Surface Sediments of the Coast of Okinawa Island, Japan
Authors: Diallo Ibrahima M'Bemba , Ishiga Hiroaki 
Published: November 2016

In this study, sediment samples were collected from the Awase tidal, the Minamigusuku, and Nakagusuku areas located in the Okinawa Island. The collected samples were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence to determine their geochemical compositions and distribution, and to assess the sediment quality in the study areas. Contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and the United State Environmental Protection Agency Sediment Quality Guideline (US EPA SQG) were used to assess the sediment quality. The results show that the highest average concentrations of As (11mg/kg), Pb (8 mg/kg), Zn (19 mg/kg), Cu (6 mg/kg), and Cr (14mg/kg) occurred in the Minamigusuku area. The CF and Igeo values, and the US EPA SQG indicate that among the selected trace metals only As displays significant values in the study areas. The CF values of As in the Minamigusuku area show moderate enrichment, and in this same area, the Igeo values of As present significant values, ranging from moderate to considerable contaminations, implying a possible effect on the biota in this location. Compared to the US EPA SQG, the Awase tidal flat and Nakagusuku areas are moderately polluted, whereas Minamigusuku is heavily polluted, suggesting that As may possible impact the biota in these areas. Consequently, for a better sustainable development of the coast of Okinawa Island , a regular monitoring and assessment of study areas, particularly the Minamigusuku area, is necessary to determine over time the concentration of As.
The QuEChERS Approach for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Soil Samples: An Overview
Authors: Pszczolińska Klaudia , Michel Monika 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Soil samples are complex matrixes; therefore, soil sample preparation is a critical step, and one that is usually expensive, time-consuming, and labor intensive. The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method, originally developed for the determination of pesticides in fruits and vegetables, has been recently modified and adopted for the analysis of pesticides in soil. This paper reviews all aspects of sample preparation, including extraction and clean-up, and describes the applications of conventional and modified QuEChERS techniques. It also presents a comparison of the QuEChERS method with other methods used for sample preparation for determination of pesticides in soil.