bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CO2 Effects on Wellbore Pressure Response During Injection-Falloff Test
Authors: Machado Cíntia G. , Firoozabad Mohammadreza M. , Reynolds Albert C. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The injection-falloff test problem can be considered as two independent stages, injection and falloff. For the injection period, we first determine the saturation and concentration distributions with time in the reservoir from the appropriate system of hyperbolic conservation equations by assuming a one-dimensional homogeneous medium containing incompressible fluids and applying the method of characteristics (MOC). We assume an isothermal process with thermodynamic equilibrium and a linear adsorption isotherm, neglecting the CO2 diffusion.Then the pressure solution can be obtained by integrating the expression for the pressure gradient by Darcy's law, from the wellbore radius to infinity while assuming an infinite-acting reservoir. Because Darcy's law does not assume incompressible flow, the pressure solution does not need to assume incompressible flow. In order to obtain an analytical expression for the wellbore pressure, one must assume that for injection and falloff, the total flow rate profile in the reservoir is constant in a region from the wellbore to a radius greater than the radius of the flood front. The region within this radius increases with time and it is referred to as the steady-state region or zone (Thompson and Reynolds, 1997b). During the falloff stage, it is assumed that there is no change in saturation in the reservoir, which is reasonable because we neglect capillary pressure, the gravity force and fluid compressibilities when determining the saturation profile. We assume an isothermal process with thermodynamic equilibrium and a linear adsorption isotherm and that viscosities depend only on the CO2 concentration. We neglect diffusion effects and the volume that CO2 occupies in the water and oil phases.
Managing Change through Center of Excellence Implementation for the Upstream Oil Sector in Kuwait
Authors: Al-Zeabot N. K. , Al-Kandari A. Y. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC) directed its Upstream subsidiaries to collaboratively work towards an integrated 2030 strategy. One of the key elements to achieving the 2030 strategic objectives was to collaborate and share expertise to resolve technical challenges currently facing the upstream entities. As a result, the Center of Excellence (CoE) was successfully implemented to leverage the diverse expertise of technical talent across the three upstream entities of Kuwait Oil Company (KOC), Kuwait Gulf Oil Company (KGOC) and Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Company (KUFPEC). CoE Discipline teams comprising of experts in strategically important technical disciplines created significant business value through sharing of knowledge, lessons learned, and experiences, around specific technical challenges.
To embed the CoE as a way of working, change management was identified as a key enabler. Various interventions including organization-wide communications, focus on value creation, incentives, and capability development were implemented to build commitment and manage different stakeholder groups. Specific messages were deployed through high impact communication tools to build wider stakeholder support. The Upstream leadership provided sponsorship and visible support to drive implementation and ensure that value from CoE is recognized. This multi-pronged approach helped embed CoE within the inherent fabric of upstream entities, enabling it to deliver business value.
Use of Proxy Models in Risk Analysis of Petroleum Fields
Authors: Polizel Guilherme A. , Avansi Guilherme D. , Schiozer Denis J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Risk assessment is a crucial process in the development of an oil field. Many tools and methods have been developed and applied in this area, such as reservoir simulation, surface response methodology and emulators. The tool and methodology choices should link to the level of uncertainity and the type of uncertain parameters (continuous, discrete and stochastic attributes), aiming at reliable results with reduced computational time/cost.
The main goal of this work is to apply the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to build proxy models in order to substitute the reservoir simulation model of medium-fidelity yielding to speed up part of the risk analysis processes that demands a high computational effort.
The model passes through statistical and cross-validation in order to be used in production prediction. These validations ensure that the model output resides within a previously established confidence interval. Uncertainty analysis is evaluated based on building risk curves and then the curves are compared with the simulation output, to evaluate the proxy model efficiency based on the Normalized Quadratic Deviation with Signal (NQDS).
The proxy study involves the following steps: (1) Statistical design to perform a sensitivity analysis of the objective functions; (2) Statistical design to obtain the response surface; (3) Statistical validation through analysis of variance (ANOVA); (4) Consistency check of proxies with the simulator outputs; (5) Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) technique to generate equi-probable scenarios during a crossvalidation procedure; (6) Application, building the risk curves through the generated proxy models to assist the decision analysis and (7) Comparison with the curves generated by the simulation using 500 scenarios generated by the LHS.
From the LHS tool, 500 equi-probable scenarios were generated to build the risk curves using the proxy model and then compared with those generated by the reservoir simulator. The NQDS indicator measures the distance among curves. If the value resides between the interval of −1 and +1 it means that the proxy is efficiently reproducing the simulator response within a previous defined tolerance (5% in this case).
The proposed methodology is shown to be efficient and easy to use. This application allowed the reduction of the number of uncertain attributes, avoiding unnecessary processing, obtaining the response surface and then generating proxy models capable of generating risk curves.
Surface Facilities Design for the First CO2 EOR Demonstration Project in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhashboul Almohannad , Almufti Abdullatef , Kokal Sunil 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Saudi Aramco has a strong and extensive history in environmental protection. The list of activities includes energy conservation, flare reduction and carbon management. As part of Saudi Aramco's environmental stewardship program, the company has moved forward, designed and executed its first carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) through an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) demonstration project using carbon dioxide (CO2).
The main objectives of the demonstration project are quantifying the amount of CO2 sequestered or stored in the reservoir, addressing the risks and uncertainties involved, including remaining oil saturation, the migration of CO2 within the reservoir, identifying operational concerns, and estimating the incremental oil recovery (beyond waterflooding).
Two sets of facilities were specifically constructed for the project: the CO2 capture plant and the produced fluid handling facilities. The CO2 is captured from an industrial plant where it was previously being vented to the atmosphere. It is captured, dehydrated and compressed using a built-for-purpose capturing and compression unit at an existing gas plant facility. The capture plant includes: a seven-stage integrally geared compressor, a tri-ethylene glycol (TEG) dehydration unit located between stages of the integrally geared compressor to dry the CO2, an inter-stage water cooling system, and a dense-phase pump (DPP), which compresses the dry CO2 and then transports it to the field location via an 85 km pipeline for injection. The project includes a row of four injectors and four producers, and two observation wells for monitoring and surveillance.
The produced fluids from the EOR wells flow to a nearby gas-oil separation plant (GOSP), where a new stand-alone high-pressure production trap (HPPT), a new compressor and associated facilities have been built for handling the high concentrated CO2 production streams. The produced fluids from the CO2 wells are separated into oil, water and gas, are measured individually, and then connected to the dedicated streams from the GOSP. The HPPT was specially designed and is a fit-for-purpose vessel to handle the produced fluids from the four producers. A unique vertical four-stage compressor was also installed to compress the produced gas. The produced gases are not recycled and join the gas stream going to a gas plant where they are processed and separated. The amount of injected and produced CO2 are measured accurately to determine the amount sequestered in the reservoir. This paper covers the details of the overall facilities design for the first CO2 EOR project in Saudi Arabia.
Initiation of Stimulation Treatments Depends on Wellbore Mechanical Responses During Drilling
Authors: Alruwaili Khalid MM , Couples Gary D , Ma Jingsheng 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A stimulation treatment follows from, and is affected by, the set of processes that occur during well construction. The creation of the opening causes a major change in stress state, and may involve permanent rock deformations affecting the wall of the wellbore. Drilling practices seek to avoid such failures because of the immediate consequences associated with rock debris loading the well, but also because deformations provide pathways for fluids to invade the rocks where they may lead to further de-stabilisation via chemical interactions. A hydraulic stimulation treatment uses the pressures of injected fluids to cause rock breakage over a short period of time, creating new flow pathways. The mechanics of the stimulation process, at the moment of its initiation, is very like the condition of mud overbalance while drilling, where the wellbore is inflated to a larger-diameter condition. In stimulation treatments, this wellbore inflation and the resulting rock deformation responses, occur in a situation that already has been modified by the drilling actions.
We describe numerical simulations of these near-well geomechanical processes, relating both to drilling and to stimulation activities, using a method that is based on a combined finite-discrete element formulation. The 2D numerical method treats the model domain initially as a continuum, but allows fractures to develop along any of the faces of the finite elements, with composite fractures able to grow into large and complex configurations. We show that an important factor is the removal of the rock mass from the drilled hole, which leads to a very different stress state around the opening compared to mathematical models that have a pre-existing hole in them. Depending on the far-field stress state and the material properties, the simulations of drilling often develop fracture arrays that are associated with borehole elongation in the far-field minimum stress direction (which is compatible with standard knowledge). Those arrays alter the near-well stress state in major ways. The numerical simulations also reveal the characteristics of deformation processes, involving fracturing and consequent strain changes, and thus their stress changes, which affect the part of the wellbore wall that is broadly aligned with the maximum far field stress. Except with the strongest and stiffest rocks, the fractures in this region initiate and develop mainly as shears, which contrasts sharply with the received wisdom for what is expected. This response also applies when we impose a stimulation loading inside the wellbore (fluid injection).
A New Practical Method for Predicting Equivalent Drainage Area of Well in Tight Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Al-Fatlawi Omar , Hossain Md Mofazzal , Saeedi Ali 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The tight gas is one of the main types of the unconventional gas. Typically the tight gas reservoirs consist of highly heterogeneous low permeability reservoir. The economic evaluation for the production from tight gas production is very challenging task because of prevailing uncertainties associated with key reservoir properties, such as porosity, permeability as well as drainage boundary. However one of the important parameters requiring in this economic evaluation is the equivalent drainage area of the well, which relates the actual volume of fluids (e.g gas) produced or withdrawn from the reservoir at a certain moment that changes with time. It is difficult to predict this equivalent drainage area of well in tight gas reservoir as it takes utterly long time for reservoir pressure to reach to the impermeable physical boundary of the reservoir. The effective drainage area, which grows with time during the transient period; and consequently it is much smaller than the physical drainage arear over the transient flow period in case of tight gas reservoir because of the low permeability. Consequently the production forecasting using physical drainage area (as generally considered for conventional reservoir) can results not only significant error in estimation but also mislead the decision making process.
In this paper however, a practical method for predicting the equivalent drainage area of a fractured well in tight gas reservoir is proposed. This method is based upon combined gas material balance equation and decline curve analysis. The developed method is validated against reservoir simulation results, which demonstrates that the proposed method is accurate enough to predict the equivalent drainage area, and may be considered as a practical tool for production forecasting for tight gas reservoir. Sensitivity analyses are carried out to investigate various factors, such as porosity, permeability, facture length on equivalent drainage area for fractured vertical well in tight gas reservoir. Based on the sensitivity study it is observed that the fracture half-length and the porosity have strong impact on the equivalent drainage area, and propagation of equivalent drainage area with time.
A Unified Approach to Yield, Buckling and Leak in Well Tubulars
Authors: Goodman Malcolm A. 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Yield and buckling are independent of hydrostatic pressure. On the other hand, leak in a threaded connection depends on hydrostatic pressure, and hence leak resistance is a function of connector location in the string. It also means that von Mises stress alone is insufficient to characterize connection leak. Like pipe body yield and buckling, a simple consistent failure theory based on principles of mechanics is proposed for leak in threaded connections. Also, the buckling fictitious force is reformulated as a non-fictitious expression to clearly show independence of hydrostatic pressure. Two leak constants, thread modulus and make-up leak resistance, are introduced and evaluated with simple example cases. To quantify results, a 7″ LTC connection is modeled with the new leak criterion, and results demonstrate that the connection can withstand differential pressures higher than the published ratings because of hydrostatic pressure. A new connection safety factor is defined, and a leak line and a leak circle are developed for graphical purposes to quickly identify critical loads for leak.
Using Least Square Support Vector Machines to Approximate Single Phase Flow
Authors: Zhong He , Wu Keliu , Ji Dongqi , Chen Zhangxing 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Data driven modelling has earned more and more attention in oil and gas industry, but most of these models have been applied to make decision or estimate correlation between properties. This paper proposed an approach to simulate the reservoir without reservoir simulation process.
The complete reservoir model consists of partial differential equations, boundary and initial conditions, expresses the information of the reservoir behaves. The Least Square Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM) is applied to train the flow model with the feed of the partial differential equations, whereas the initial and boundary conditions as act as constraints of an optimization problem. Only the kernel of the support vector machines is used to demonstrate the flow model without explicitly computing the feature mapping function.
Specific modification is required to deal with Neumann boundary conditions since the derivatives of the kernel function do not necessarily satisfy the Mercer theorem. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is presented to modify LS-SVM formulation to Single phase flow problem. With the advent of artificial intelligence and data science the method becomes particularly interesting due to the expected essential gains in the execution speed.
VIVIR EN EL MIEDO. LA NOCIÓN DE LAB EN OXCHUC, CHIAPAS
Authors: Page Pliego Jaime Tomás 
Published: March 2017

Este trabajo se inscribe en la discusión sobre la construcción de la noción de persona en México y Centroamérica y la importancia que en esta tiene la búsqueda de diferencias y similitudes de los conceptos presentes entre pueblos de la región. En dicho sentido, aborda lo referente a la entidad anímica lab entre los actuales tseltales de Oxchuc, contrastando los datos, por un lado, con los reportes etnográficos realizados por diferentes autores entre las décadas de 1940 y 1960, que resulta relevante debido a los importantes cambios suscitados en las formas de ver y de vivir en el mundo; por otro, con la etnografía contemporánea realizada en varios municipios de Los Altos de Chiapas, de habla tseltal.

ABSTRACT
We can place this paper in the realm of the discussion about the “person concept” in Mexico and Central America, and the importance to seek differences and resemblances amongst different groups of the region. In this respect it refers to the animic entity known among current tseltals of Oxchuc as lab, concept that will be confronted, on the one hand;, with ethnographic reports on the region written between 1940 and 1960, which reflect the significant changes occurred in the way tseltals perceive and live today’s world; and on the other, with contemporary ethnography from other tseltal “municipios” of the Chiapas Highland.
CONTESTED STATES. LAW, HEGEMONY AND RESISTANCE LAZARUS-BLACK, MINDIE Y SUSAN F. HIRSCH (EDS.)
Authors: Orantes García José Rubén 
Published: March 2017

CONTESTED STATES. LAW, HEGEMONY AND RESISTANCE
LAZARUS-BLACK, MINDIE Y SUSAN F. HIRSCH (EDS.)Routledge, New York, 1994
EL ACOPLAMIENTO MATERIAL Y SIMBÓLICO DE LOS PROCESOS LEGALES.CONCEPTUALIZANDO EL PODER, LA HEGEMONÍA Y EL GÉNEROA PARTIR DE SUS DINÁMICAS E INTERACCIONES SOCIALES
LA HEGEMONÍA EN EL PODER Y DESARROLLO TERRITORIAL
Authors: Isunza Bizuet Alma E. , Oliva Velas Apolinar 
Published: March 2017

El presente ensayo busca explicar cómo la construcción de la relación entre las elites que forman parte del Estado y los grupos sociales que son dirigidos y dominados por el propio Estado —en términos de Gramsci la relación Estado y sociedad civil— generan un tipo de proyecto nacional que impacta al conjunto de territorios, que desde nuestra perspectiva operan como un sistema territorial que compone a un Estado nación. Las condiciones de desarrollo de cada territorio y del conjunto del sistema están afectadas por cómo se estructuran las relaciones entre los grupos de poder local y los grupos de poder central del Estado. Con estas herramientas analíticas se construye una explicación de la relación histórica que se va erigiendo en el México posrevolucionario entre ambos poderes que afecta al desarrollo territorial.

ABSTRACT
Based upon a gramscian perspective, this paper seeks to explain how the relationship between the State and civil society generates a type of national project that impacts all its territories. Refering to mexican postrevolutionary experience, it is pointed out that development conditions in each territory and in the entire system are affected by the structure of interactions between the local power groups and the State's central power groups.
CLÚSTERES Y SISTEMAS PRODUCTIVOS LOCALES EN LA FRONTERA NORTE DE MÉXICO: BAJA CALIFORNIA
Authors: Martínez Pellégrini Sárah Eva 
Published: March 2017

Este artículo retoma el caso del estado de Baja California para discutir sus bases de desarrollo, ganador en términos de integración a América del Norte, y que hasta la fecha no parece haber logrado una reestructuración de su base económica que permita hablar de la existencia de un sistema productivo local, con cierto grado de integración. El problema fundamental de esta situación es que la economía bajacaliforniana ha mantenido un patrón de crecimiento sin tanto desarrollo hacia una competitividad basada en factores otros que su ubicación geográfica y el precio de la mano de obra. La política de desarrollo empresarial basada en clústeres, implementada en el estado a partir de 2002, podría lograr introducir algunos cambios en el sistema regional hacia la articulación de un sistema territorial con una nueva visión de competitividad, si se analiza desde el marco de las propuestas de desarrollo endógeno.

ABSTRACT
This article discusses whether Baja California, a northern border Mexican state, has an endogenous local development dynamic, or its achievements in economic growth rest on a weak economic base with a high level of exogenous dependency. Being one of the TLALCAN-winners does not seem to have endowed this region with inner articulation as to find a Local Productive System on which Baja California could ground an endogenous development model. The recent (2002) change in the regional development policy targeting «clusterization» of economic activities could contribute start a new way to talk competitivity in the region.
EXCHANGE VALUES AND SOCIAL POWER SUPPORTING THE CHOICE OF PARTNERS
Authors: Islabão Franco Márcia Häfele , Da Rocha Costa Antônio Carlos , Coelho Helder 
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we adopt Piaget’s theory of social exchanges, in which an interaction is an exchange of services between agents, such that agents assign subjective, qualitative values —called exchange values— to the actions and objects they exchange during interactions. The agents present characteristics related to social power during the interactions. In this paper, we show how these characteristics are considered in the agents’ reasoning. This paper also shows how these characteristics and the exchange values can influence the agents’ choice of future partners, in support of groupformation.
RESUMENEn el presente trabajo adoptamos la teoría piagetiana de los intercambios sociales, donde una interacción es un intercambio de servicios entre agentes, de tal manera que dichos agentes asignan valores subjetivos, cualitativos —denominados valores de intercambio— a las acciones y objetos que intercambian en la interacción. Durante las interacciones los agentes presentan características relativas al poder social. En este trabajo mostramos cómo los agentes consideran dichas características en su razonamiento. Asimismo, el texto muestra cómo estas características y los valores de intercambio pueden influir sobre la futura elección de asociados del agente para la formación de grupo.