bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lingual Articulation and Coarticulation for Catalan Consonants and Vowels: An Ultrasound Study
Authors: Recasens Daniel , Rodríguez Clara 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background: The study investigates the tongue position and coarticulatory characteristics of a subset of Catalan consonants and vowels using ultrasound. Method: Ultrasound data were recorded and analyzed for the Catalan front lingual consonants /t, d, n, l, ɾ, s, r, ʎ, ɲ, ʃ/ and vowels /i, e, a, o, u/ in symmetrical VCV sequences produced by 5 adult Catalan speakers. Results: Among other aspects, data show more tongue body fronting for palatal consonants and, among dentals and alveolars, for laminals than for apicals; the manner of articulation demands account for considerable tongue body retraction and predorsum lowering during the trill /r/ and for some tongue body retraction during /l/ next to front vowels. Vowel and consonant coarticulation occurs mostly in lingual regions which are not primarily involved in closure or constriction formation. Differences in the relative prominence of the anticipatory and carryover consonant-to-vowel effects in tongue body position were found to hold clearly for /r/ in all vowel contexts and for palatal consonants next to /a, o, u/. Conclusions: Place-dependent and manner-dependent articulatory characteristics for consonants and vowels account for the most relevant coarticulatory effects and may contribute to explain several sound change patterns.
Association Between Early Q Waves and Reperfusion Success in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Topal Divan Gabriel , Lønborg Jacob , Ahtarovski Kiril Aleksov , Nepper-Christensen Lars , Helqvist Steffen , Holmvang Lene , Pedersen Frants , Clemmensen Peter , Saünamaki Kari , Jørgensen Erik , Kyhl Kasper , Ghotbi Ali , Schoos Mikkel Malby , Göransson Christoffer , Bertelsen Litten , Høfsten Dan , Køber Lars , Kelbæk Henning , Vejlstrup Niels , Engstrøm Thomas 
Published: March 2017

Background—
Pathological early Q waves (QW) are associated with adverse outcomes in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may therefore be less beneficial in patients with QW than in patients without QW. Myocardial salvage index and microvascular obstruction (MVO) are markers for reperfusion success. Thus, to clarify the benefit from primary PCI in STEMI patients with QW, we examined the association between baseline QW and myocardial salvage index and MVO in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI.

Methods and Results—

The ECG was assessed before primary PCI for the presence of QW (early) in 515 STEMI patients. The patients underwent a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging scan at day 1 (interquartile range [IQR], 1–1) and again at day 92 (IQR, 89–96). Early QW was observed in 108 (21%) patients and was related to smaller final myocardial salvage index (0.59 [IQR, 0.39–0.69] versus 0.65 [IQR, 0.46–0.84];
P
<0.001) and larger MVO (1.4 [IQR, 0.0–5.4] versus 0.0 [IQR, 0.0–2.4];
P
<0.001) compared with non-QW. QW remained associated with both final myocardial salvage index (β=−0.12;
P
=0.03) and MVO (β=0.18;
P
=0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusions—
Patients presenting with their first STEMI and early QW in the ECG had smaller myocardial salvage index and more extensive MVO than non-QW despite treatment within 12 hours after symptom onset. However, final myocardial salvage index in patients with QW was substantial, and patients with QW still benefit from primary PCI.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01435408.
Is There an Obesity Paradox for Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation?
Authors: Proietti Marco , Guiducci Elisa , Cheli Paola , Lip Gregory Y.H. 
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose—
Obesity is a risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular death but, despite this, an inverse relationship between overweight or obesity and a better cardiovascular prognosis in long-term follow-up studies has been observed; this phenomenon, described as obesity paradox, has also been found evident in atrial fibrillation cohorts.

Methods—
We performed a systematic review on the relationship between body mass index and major adverse outcomes in atrial fibrillation patients. Moreover, we provided a meta-analysis of non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) trials.

Results—
An obesity paradox was found for cardiovascular death and all-cause death in the subgroup analyses of randomized trial cohorts; however, observational studies fail to show this relationship. From the meta-analysis of NOAC trials, a significant obesity paradox was found, with both overweight and obese patients reporting a lower risk for stroke/systemic embolic event (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66–0.84 and OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.54–0.70, respectively). For major bleeding, only obese patients were at lower risk compared with normal weight patients (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72–0.98). A significant treatment effect of NOACs was found in normal weight patients, both for stroke/systemic embolic event (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.56–0.78) and for major bleeding (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54–0.95). Major bleeding risk was lower in overweight patients treated with NOACs (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71–1.00).

Conclusions—
There may be an obesity paradox in atrial fibrillation patients, particularly for all-cause and cardiovascular death outcomes. An obesity paradox was also evident for stroke/systemic embolic event outcome in NOAC trials, with a treatment effect favoring NOACs over warfarin for both efficacy and safety that was significant only for normal weight patients.
Capability of the SMAP Mission to Measure Ocean Surface Winds in Storms
Authors: Meissner Thomas , Ricciardulli Lucrezia , Wentz Frank J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission was launched in January 2015 and has been providing science data since April 2015. Though designed to measure soil moisture, the SMAP radiometer has an excellent capability to measure ocean winds in storms at a resolution of 40 km with a swath width of 1,000 km. SMAP radiometer channels operate at a very low microwave frequency (L band, 1.41 GHz, 21.4 cm), which has good sensitivity to ocean surface wind speed even in very high winds and with very little impact by rain. This gives SMAP a distinct advantage over many spaceborne ocean wind sensors such as C-band [Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT)] or Ku-band [Rapid Scatterometer (RapidScat)] scatterometers and radiometers operating at higher frequencies [Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), WindSat, Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR), and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI)], which either lose sensitivity at very high winds or degrade in rainy conditions. This article discusses the major features of a new ocean wind vector retrieval algorithm designed for SMAP. We compare SMAP wind fields in recent intense tropical cyclones with wind measurements from current scatterometer missions as well as WindSat. The most important validation source in hurricanes is the airborne stepped frequency microwave radiometer (SFMR), whose wind speeds are matched with SMAP in space and time. A comparison between SMAP and SFMR winds for eight storms in 2015, including Patricia, one of the strongest hurricanes ever recorded, shows excellent agreement up to 65 m s–1 without degradation in rain.
Submesoscale Eddies in the Taiwan Strait Observed by High-Frequency Radars: Detection Algorithms and Eddy Properties
Authors: Lai Yeping , Zhou Hao , Yang Jing , Zeng Yuming , Wen Biyang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study compared the efficiencies of two widely used automatic eddy detection algorithms—that is, the winding-angle (WA) method and the vector geometry (VG) method—and investigated the submesoscale eddy properties using surface current observations derived from high-frequency radars (HFRs) in the Taiwan Strait. The results showed that the WA method using the streamline and the VG method based on the streamfunction field have almost the same capacity for identifying eddies, but the former is more competent than the latter in capturing the eddy size. The two algorithms simultaneously identified 1080 submesoscale eddies, with the centers and boundaries determined only by the WA method, and they were further used to investigate the eddy properties. In general, no significant difference was observed between the cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies in terms of radius, life span, and kinematics, as well as the evolution during their life cycles. The typical radius of the eddy in this region was 3–18 km. And a strong correlation was observed between the life span and the radius. The spatial distribution of the eddies indicated that topography played a significant role in the generation of the eddies. And the trajectories of the eddies suggested that all the eddies in this area mostly tended to move southeastward. Statistically, three different stages of the eddy’s life span could be identified by the significant growth and decay of the radius and the mean kinetic energy. This study shows the great capability of HFRs in oceanography research and applications, especially for observing the submesocale dynamics.
Quality of Life in 807 Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma: Comparing Treatment Modalities
Authors: Soulier Géke , van Leeuwen Bibian M. , Putter Hein , Jansen Jeroen C. , Malessy Martijn J. A. , van Benthem Peter Paul G. , van der Mey Andel G. L. , Stiggelbout Anne M. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveIn vestibular schwannoma treatment, the choice among treatment modalities is controversial. The first aim of this study was to examine the quality of life of patients with vestibular schwannoma having undergone observation, radiation therapy, or microsurgical resection. The second aim was to examine the relationship between perceived symptoms and quality of life. Last, the association between quality of life and time since treatment was studied.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsA total of 1208 patients treated for sporadic vestibular schwannoma between 2004 and 2014 were mailed the disease‐specific Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality of Life (PANQOL) questionnaire and additional questions on symptoms associated with vestibular schwannoma. Total and domain scores were calculated and compared among treatment groups. Propensity scores were used, and results were stratified according to tumor size to control for potential confounders. Correlations were calculated to examine the relationship between self‐reported symptoms and quality of life, as well as between quality of life and time since treatment.ResultsPatients with small tumors (≤10 mm) under observation showed a higher PANQOL score when compared with the radiation therapy and microsurgical resection groups. A strong negative correlation was found between self‐reported symptoms and quality of life, with balance problems and vertigo having the largest impact. No correlation was found between PANQOL score and time since treatment.ConclusionThis study suggests that patients with small vestibular schwannomas experience better quality of life when managed with observation than do patients who have undergone active treatment.
The State of the Otolaryngology Match: A Review of Applicant Trends, “Impossible” Qualifications, and Implications
Authors: Bowe Sarah N. , Schmalbach Cecelia E. , Laury Adrienne M. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThis State of the Art Review aims (1) to define recent qualifications of otolaryngology resident applicants by focusing on United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) status, and research/publications and (2) to summarize the current literature regarding the relationship between these measures and performance in residency.Data SourcesElectronic Residency Application Service, National Residency Matching Program, PubMed, Ovid, and GoogleScholar.Review MethodsElectronic Residency Application Service and National Residency Matching Program data were analyzed to evaluate trends in applicant numbers and qualifications. Additionally, a literature search was performed with the aforementioned databases to identify relevant articles published in the past 5 years that examined USMLE Step 1 scores, AOA status, and research/publications.ConclusionsCompared with other highly competitive fields over the past 3 years, the only specialty with decreasing applicant numbers is otolaryngology, with the rest remaining relatively stable or slightly increased. Additionally, USMLE Step 1 scores, AOA status, and research/publications do not reliably correlate with performance in residency.Implications for PracticeThe consistent decline in applications for otolaryngology residency is concerning and reflects a need for change in the current stereotype of the “ideal” otolaryngology applicant. This includes consideration of additional selection measures focusing on noncognitive and holistic qualities. Furthermore, otolaryngology faculty should counsel medical students that applying in otolaryngology is not “impossible” but rather a feasible and worthwhile endeavor.
The Effect of Montelukast on Mild Persistent OSA after Adenotonsillectomy in Children: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Wang Bing , Liang Jia 
Published: March 2017

This study sought to evaluate the treatment effect of montelukast in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy (T&A). Fifty‐eight children with persistent OSA after T&A were included and randomly divided into 2 groups: one group was administered montelukast for 12 weeks, and the other received no treatment. Clinical information, such as the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and nadir oxyhemoglobin saturation (nadir SpO2), was recorded. Symptoms of OSA were evaluated using the validated Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). After surgery, there was no difference in terms of AHI, nadir SpO2, and PSQ scores between 2 groups. After the 12‐week course of montelukast administration, the treatment group had significant improvement in the AHI, nadir SpO2, and PSQ scores (P <. 001), while the no‐treatment group had no change over time (P >. 05). In summary, montelukast as a complementary therapy can improve sleep disturbances in children with OSA after T&A.
Incidence, risk factors and the effect of polyomavirus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Hu Jianhua , Li Siying , Yang Meifang , Xu Lichen , Zhang Xuan , Zhao Hong , Dong Huihui , Huang Yaping , Fan Jun , Li Lanjuan 
Published: March 2017

Objective The effect of polyomavirus infection in HSCT recipients is poorly understood. Methods We evaluated 38 HSCT recipients. Polyomavirus was detected by nested qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays of urine. The risk factors for BK virus and JC virus were analysed. The kidney and liver functions of infected and uninfected patients were compared. Results BK virus, JC virus, and simian virus 40 were detected in 21%, 42%, and 0% of HSCT recipients respectively. HCMV infection was found to be an independent risk factor for JC virus infection (odds ratio (OR): 8.528), while transplants with mismatched HLA are more susceptible to BK virus infection (OR: 12.000). Liver function of JC virus-infected subjects was worse than that of uninfected subjects. Conclusion We must be vigilant for opportunistic polyomavirus infections in HSCT recipients, especially those with HCMV co-infection or a mismatched HLA transplant. When unexplained liver function deterioration is observed, JC virus infection should be considered.
Trajectories of Cigarette Smoking From Teens to Young Adulthood: 2000 to 2013
Authors: Lenk Kathleen M. , Erickson Darin J. , Forster Jean L. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose: To identify trajectories of smoking behaviors of a cohort of youth followed through young adulthood from 2000 to 2013. Design: The Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort study, a population-based cohort study. Setting: Nationwide, originating in the Midwestern United States. Participants: Cohort of youth surveyed for 14 years beginning at ages 12 to 16 (N = 4241 at baseline; 59% recruitment rate). Measures: Main variable of interest was the number of days smoked in the past 30 days. Also included time-varying and time-invariant covariates. Analysis: We utilized growth mixture modeling to group individuals into trajectories over time. Results: We identified 5 distinct trajectories: nonsmokers (59.5%), early-onset regular smokers (14.2%), occasional smokers (11.5%), late-onset regular smokers (9.4%), and quitters (5.3%). Adjusted models showed that early- and late-onset regular smokers (compared to nonsmokers) had lower odds of attending or graduating from a 4-year college ( P < .05). Participants in all smoking classes compared to nonsmokers had greater odds of having more close friends who smoked ( P < .05). Conclusion: Our results show that individuals in their teens through young adulthood can be classified into 5 smoking trajectories. More people in this age range remained abstainers than found in most previous studies; however, a sizable group was identified as regular smokers by the time they reached young adulthood. Interventions targeted at teens, including those that address social and environmental influences, are clearly still needed to prevent escalation of smoking as they move toward young adulthood.
Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Gram-Negative Infections Treated With Optimized Dosing Cefepime Over Various Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations
Authors: Altshuler Jerry , Guervil David J. , Ericsson Charles D. , Wanger Audrey , Aitken Samuel L. , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis 
Published: March 2017

Background: The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) revised cefepime interpretive criteria, introducing the susceptible dose-dependent category for Enterobacteriaceae with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 to 8 μg/mL in 2014. Limited clinical data support these new categories. This study compares outcomes of patients treated with standard and high-dose cefepime across various MICs. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases of pneumonia or bacteremia caused by gram-negative organisms treated with adequate doses of cefepime for ≥48 hours. Outcomes were compared for MICs of ≤2 (low), 4 (medium), and 8 μg/mL (high). The primary end point was clinical failure, the secondary end point was microbiological failure. Results: Ninety cases met the inclusion criteria: 46, 25, and 19 patients with low, medium, or high MIC, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the medium (odds ratio [OR]: 9.13, P < .01) and high (OR: 6.79, P = .01) MIC groups had increased clinical failure. Conclusion: Cefepime therapy, even at CLSI-recommended doses, had an increased risk of clinical failure for gram-negative pathogens with MICs of 4 or 8 μg/mL. This finding suggests that higher dosing regimens (2 g every 8 hours or 1 g every 6 hours) may be necessary to treat serious gram-negative infections with elevated MICs.
Assessment of yoga as an adjuvant treatment for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: McCarthy Linda , Fuller Judith , Davidson Georgina , Crump Alicia , Positano Sandro , Alderman Chris 
Published: March 2017

Objectives: This study assessed yoga as an adjuvant strategy for symptoms of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: Subjects had significant, combat-related PTSD. Control data were collected during an eight-week waiting period. Trauma-sensitive yoga sessions of 90 minutes duration were provided every seven days for eight weeks. Assessments included the PTSD checklist (PCL); the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS); the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); the Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile (AASP); the SF36 Quality of Life instrument; and a brief, structured pre-enrolment assessment of attitudes towards yoga. Biomarkers were also assessed. Results: Thirty participants were recruited, with 28 completing the protocol ( Mage=63.5 years). For most variables, there was no significant change in results after the waiting period. Comparing measurements obtained immediately prior to the commencement of the intervention to those taken after completion of eight yoga sessions, significant changes included an increase in the serum dehydroepiandrosterone concentration, decreased total PCL score (and all PCL sub-scales), decreases in all DASS sub-scale scores and significant improvements in PSQI and SF36 scores. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions: A range of benefits were observed after yoga, consistent with the theoretical construct for the long history of yoga as a strategy to reduce stress and promote well-being.
Efficacy and tolerability of nivolumab after allogeneic transplantation for relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Herbaux Charles , Gauthier Jordan , Brice Pauline , Drumez Elodie , Ysebaert Loic , Doyen Hélène , Fornecker Luc , Bouabdallah Krimo , Manson Guillaume , Ghesquières Hervé , Tabrizi Reza , Hermet Eric , Lazarovici Julien , Thiebaut-Bertrand Anne , Chauchet Adrien , Demarquette Hélène , Boyle Eileen , Houot Roch , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Morschhauser Franck 
Published: March 2017

Key Points
PD-1 blockade with nivolumab provides durable disease control after allo-HCT. PD-1 blockade with nivolumab after allo-HCT is associated with 30% acute GVHD.
Migration, entrepreneurship and development: critical questions
Authors: Naudé Wim , Siegel Melissa , Marchand Katrin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper poses and answers a number of critical questions about the relationship between migration and entrepreneurship in the process of economic development. In doing so, we show that the standard policy response to migrants and migrant entrepreneurs are often based on an inadequate understanding of migrant entrepreneurs. The questions we pose are the following: (i) Are immigrants really more entrepreneurial than natives? (ii) Are migrant remittances likely to fund entrepreneurship in their home countries? (iii) Are return migrants more likely to be entrepreneurial than non-migrants? And finally, based on the answers, (iv) Does migration matter for development? We conclude that one must avoid seeing migrants as super-entrepreneurs and that the (positive) developmental impact of migration is more significant through other channels. Removal of discriminatory barriers against migrants and against migrant entrepreneurs in labour, consumer and financial markets will promote development in both sending and receiving countries, not least through reducing the shares of migrants that are reluctant entrepreneurs.JEL Classification:J60, L26, O15, F22