bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Favourable HDL composition in endurance athletes is not associated with changes in HDL in vitro antioxidant and endothelial anti-inflammatory function
Authors: Beazer Jack David , Sillars Anne , Beck Sally , Christoffersen Christina , Ferraz Maria J. , Mulder Monique T. , Graham Delyth , Karlsson Helen , Ljunggren Stefan , Gill Jason , Freeman Dilys J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Given the failure of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) raising therapies to reduce cardiovascular disease risk, attention has turned towards HDL composition and vascular protective functions. In individuals with insulin resistance, exercise interventions recover HDL function. However, the effect of exercise on HDL in otherwise healthy individuals is unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed to measure HDL composition and antioxidant/endothelial anti-inflammatory function in insulin sensitive endurance athlete and healthy control men. HDL was isolated using density gradient ultracentrifugation. HDL composition was measured using microplate assays for apolipoprotein A-I, total cholesterol content and apolipoprotein M. HDL protein composition was measured using nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. HDL subclass distribution was measured by native gel electrophoresis. HDL in vitro antioxidant function was measured by paraoxonase-1 activity assay and anti-inflammatory function assessed in endothelial cells. Compared with controls, endurance athlete HDL had higher apolipoprotein A-1 (1.65 ± 0.62 mg/ml vs 1.21 ± 0.34 mg/ml, P=0.028) and higher total cholesterol content (2.09 ± 0.44 mmol/L vs 1.54 ± 0.33 mmol/L, P&lt;0.001). Proteomics revealed higher apolipoprotein A-II, A-IV and D and transthyretin in endurance athlete HDL versus controls. There was no difference observed in in vitro HDL antioxidant or anti-inflammatory functions between controls and endurance athletes. Despite a more favourable composition, endurance athlete HDL did not have higher in vitro antioxidant or anti-inflammatory function. It is possible that HDL has a ceiling of function, i.e. that healthy HDL function cannot be enhanced by endurance exercise.
Evaluation of Hearing Conservation In-Processing Procedures at a U.S. Marine Corps Accession Point
Authors: Kulinski Devon , Murphy Sara , Mancini Jolene , Brungart Douglas S. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Recent Department of Defense policy changes for hearing conservation programs mandate hearing protector fit testing (HPFT) for many noise-exposed populations. However, the implementation of this requirement across various clinical scenarios is not yet defined. This Quality Improvement (QI) study evaluated the efficacy of current educational procedures at a U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) accession point by performing HPFT before and after small-group training.

Method:
The QI study employed a pre- and postgroup design to evaluate the effectiveness of training. HPFT was conducted on 122 USMC recruits before and after small-group instruction during hearing conservation in-processing. A field microphone-in-real-ear system was used to calculate the personal attenuation rating for each participant. Additionally, 48 recruits returned for a 1-month follow-up to repeat the fit test procedure.

Results:
Small-group HPD training resulted in a mean personal attenuation rating improvement of 14.6 dB among a cohort of USMC recruits. One month after training, a decrease in PAR was observed, yet outcomes remained notably higher than baseline, indicating sustained training effectiveness.

Conclusions:
This study highlights the utility of small-group HPD training in improving immediate fit-test outcomes. Implementing these procedures at large-scale in-processing events, such as military accession points, should be considered a viable option. Future research should focus on long-term maintenance strategies, as sustaining these outcomes over time remains a challenge.
A binary supernova OB-runaway candidate inside Berkeley 97
Authors: Dinçel B. , Sheth S. , Specht L. , Hellmund S. , Eberle L. J. , Mugrauer M. , Neuhäuser R. , Michel K.-U. 
Published: September 2024

Aims. OB-runaway stars ejected by the binary supernova mechanism can be found near young open star clusters. In this paper, we present an OB-runaway candidate as a pre-SN binary companion to the progenitor of the pulsar PSR J2238+5903 inside the young open star cluster Berkeley 97.
Methods. We tried to find a kinematic outlier based on Gaia DR3 proper motions and parallaxes to be the pre-supernova binary companion to the progenitor of the pulsar. We took the spectra of two bright early B-type stars of the cluster, determined their effective temperature and surface gravity, and updated the parameters of the cluster. Through isochrone fitting of the color-magnitude diagram of the star cluster, we identified the members and determined the stellar parameters of the runaway star.
Results. Two bright members of the cluster, HD 240015 and HD 240016, are massive stars with spectral types of B0.5II and B1.5II and effective temperatures of Teff = 21 000 ± 1000 K and Teff = 24 000 ± 2000 K, respectively, as well as surface gravities of log(g[cm/s2]) = 3.0 ± 0.2. We find that Berkeley 97 is a star cluster with an age of log(age[yr]) = 7.1, an uncertainty of < 0.1 dex, and an interstellar extinction of AV = 3.1 ± 0.1 mag. The runaway star has an effective temperature of Teff = 12 250 ± 1750 K with a surface gravity of log(g[cm/s2]) = 4.38 ± 0.2 (B8V type star). By tracing back the proper motion of the runaway star, the explosion center was found for different possible pulsar ages of 10, 20, and 26.6 kyr. The pulsar moving out from the 20 kyr position must have a space velocity of ∼340 km s−1, which is consistent with the general pulsar velocity distribution. This supports the idea that the pulsar originated from the cluster as a result of a binary supernova. Despite its young age, τ < 26.6 kyr, the supernova remnant is not visible.
Polarization of active galactic nuclei with significant VLBI-Gaia displacements
Authors: Blinov Dmitry , Arshinova Arina 
Published: September 2024

Context. Numerous studies have reported significant displacements in the coordinates of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) between measurements using the very-long-baseline-interferometry (VLBI) technique and those obtained by the Gaia space observatory. There is consensus that these discrepancies do indeed manifest astrometrically resolved sub-components of AGNs rather than random measurement noise. Among other evidence, it has been reported that AGNs with VLBI-to-Gaia displacements (VGDs) pointing downstream of their parsec-scale radio jets exhibit higher optical polarization compared to sources with the opposite (upstream) VGD orientation.
Aims. We aim to verify the previously reported connection between optical polarization and a VGD-jet angle using a larger dataset of polarimetric measurements and updated Gaia DR3 positions. We also seek further evidence supporting the disk-jet dichotomy as an explanation of such a connection by using millimeter-wave polarization and multiband optical polarization measurements.
Methods. We performed optical polarimetric observations of 152 AGNs using three telescopes. These data are complemented by other publicly available polarimetric measurements of AGNs. We cross-matched public astrometric data from VLBI and Gaia experiments, obtained corresponding positional displacements, and combined this catalog with the polarimetric and jet direction data.
Results. Active galactic nuclei with downstream VGDs are confirmed to have significantly higher optical fractional polarization than the upstream sample. At the same time, the millimeter-wavelength polarization of the two samples shows very similar distributions.
Conclusions. Our results support the hypothesis that the VGDs pointing down the radio jet are likely caused by a component in the jet emitting highly polarized synchrotron radiation and dominating in the overall optical emission. The upstream-oriented VGDs are likely to be produced by the low-polarization emission of the central engine’s subcomponents, which dominate in the optical.
A millisecond pulsar position determined to 0.2 mas precision with VLBI
Authors: Ding Hao , Deller Adam T. , Freire Paulo C. C. , Petrov Leonid 
Published: September 2024

Context. Precise millisecond pulsar (MSP) positions determined with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) hold the key to building the connection between the kinematic and dynamic reference frames respectively used for VLBI and pulsar timing. A frame connection would provide an important pathway to examining the planetary ephemerides used in pulsar timing, and would potentially enhance the sensitivities of the pulsar timing arrays used to detect stochastic gravitational-wave background in the nano-Hz regime.
Aims. We aim to significantly improve the precision of the VLBI-based MSP position (from >1 mas at present) by reducing the two dominant components in the positional uncertainty – the propagation-related uncertainty and the uncertainty resulting from the frequency-dependent core shifts of the reference sources.
Methods. We introduce a new differential astrometry strategy called PINPT (Phase-screen Interpolation plus frequeNcy-dePendent core shifT correction; pronounced “pinpoint”), which entails the use of multiple calibrators observed at several widely separated frequencies. The strategy allows determination of the core shift and mitigates the impact of residual delay in the atmosphere. We implemented the strategy on PSR J2222-0137, an MSP that is well constrained astrometrically with VLBI and pulsar timing.
Results. Using the PINPT strategy, we determined core shifts for four AGNs around PSR J2222-0137, and derived a VLBI-based pulsar position with uncertainties of 0.17 mas and 0.32 mas in Right Ascension and Declination, respectively, approaching the uncertainty level of the best-determined timing-based MSP positions. Additionally, incorporating the new observations into historical ones, we refined the pulsar proper motion and the parallax-based distance to the <10 µas yr-1 level and the subparsec level, respectively.
Conclusions. The realization of the PINPT strategy promises a factor-of-five positional precision enhancement (over conventional VLBI astrometry) for all kinds of compact radio sources observed at <2 GHz, including most fast radio bursts.
200 years of solar electricity
Authors: Suchet Daniel , Guillemoles Jean-François 
Published: September 2024

Two hundred years after Edmond Becquerel discovered the photovoltaic effect, solar panels have become an everyday technology, to be found on the roofs of houses or alongside railway lines. However, this apparent familiarity conceals the rapid and on going development of the industry: the panels installed today are very different from those installed just a few years ago, in terms of design, cost and the challenges to be met. Photovoltaics has now established itself as a key player in the global energy landscape, and its dynamism means that we need to keep a close eye on developments.
The purpose of this article is to take stock of the current state of the industry, presenting typical orders of magnitude, the dynamics of the sector and future prospects. It can be supplemented by questions and answers prepared by researchers in the field and available at https://solairepv.fr/.
What role can batteries play in a low-carbon transition?
Authors: Perdu Fabien 
Published: September 2024

Several aspects of the “energy transition”, in particular the development of the electricity sector and the electrification of transport, rely on energy storage and in particular batteries.
After describing the construction and operation of a lithium-ion battery, we analyse the expected progress and environmental impact of these batteries in the event of widespread deployment. Finally, we attempt to better identify the uses for which batteries are really relevant and those for which complementary solutions need to be found.
Umfrage zum Einsatz von Nasentamponaden in der sinunasalen Chirurgie
Authors: Weber Rainer K. , Deitmer Thomas , Löhler Jan , Aletsee Christoph , Baumann Ingo , Betz Christian , Beule Achim , Böscke Robert , Dietz Andreas , Harnischmacher Vanessa , Haubner Frank , Heppt Werner , Hoffmann Anna Sophie , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Hosemann Werner , Kühnel Thomas , Laudien Martin , Olzowy Bernhard , Seibert Kim-Victoria , Sommer Fabian , Verse Thomas , Wiegand Susanne , Hildenbrand Tanja 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Ambulantisierung rhinochirurgischer Eingriffe wird derzeit intensiv diskutiert und insbesondere von politischer Seite stark propagiert. Viele Fragen zur Stratifizierung in ambulante oder stationäre Durchführung sind unklar. Insbesondere ist das Vorgehen bei Anwendung von Nasentamponaden bisher nicht ausreichend diskutiert.
Material und Methoden Deutschlandweite Umfrage unter niedergelassenen und in Kliniken tätigen Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenärzten zur Verwendung von Nasentamponaden in der Rhinochirurgie und zum Auftreten von Komplikationen in Zusammenhang mit einer Tamponade.
Ergebnisse 85,6% der Antwortenden verwenden eine Nasentamponade zumindest manchmal bei der Chirurgie von Septum und Nasenmuscheln/lateraler Nasenwand, 44,2% grundsätzlich. Bei der Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie sind dies 94,1% bzw. 49% der Antwortenden. Überwiegend wurde die Anwendung von sich nicht auflösenden Tamponaden angegeben. Die am häufigsten beobachteten Komplikationen waren eine Blutung unter liegender Nasentamponade (>50% der Antwortenden) und eine Dislokation nach dorsal (24% der Antwortenden), die ein notfallmäßiges Eingreifen erforderte. Eine Todesfolge wurde bei 5 Patienten beschrieben. Ein Patient erlitt eine dauerhafte Hirnschädigung nach Hypoxie.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Anwendung einer sich nicht auflösenden Nasentamponade mit Okklusion der Nasenhaupthöhle kann zu einer relevanten Gefährdung der Patienten führen, die ein notfallmäßiges Eingreifen erforderlich macht und deshalb die stationäre Überwachung erfordert.
Personalstruktur und Berufsperspektive von Notärzt*innen in ländlichen und städtischen Räumen – eine umfragebasierte Erhebung
Authors: Feth Maximilian , Eimer Christine , Rosskopf Florian , Grübl Tobias , Häske David , Kulla Martin , Bernhard Michael , Reifferscheid Florian , Hossfeld Björn 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie prähospitale Notfallversorgung erfährt seit Jahren zunehmende
Einsatzbelastungen. Der Einfluss des demografischen Wandels auf regionalspezifische
Unterschiede von Notärzt*innen sowie deren Motivation zum Verbleib im aktiven
Notarztdienst ist unklar.Deutschlandweite Umfrage unter Notärzt*innen zu demografischen und weiteren, für
den Notarztdienst relevanten Angaben.Der Anteil an Notärzt*innen ≥ 60 Jahren (10,1 vs. 4,5% [städtisch], p < 0,001)
sowie derer, die angaben, binnen 5 Jahren den Notarztdienst beenden zu wollen (19,8
vs. 14,7%, p = 0,006), war in ländlichen Rettungsdienstbereichen höher. Die
multivariate Analyse ergab eine angemessene Vergütung (p = 0,002) und eine
Zufriedenheit mit den Arbeitsbedingungen (p < 0,001) als Motivatoren für einen
längeren Verbleib als aktive Notärzt*innen.Unterschiede zwischen Notärzt*innen im ländlichen und städtischen Raum sind bei
der Personalbindung zu berücksichtigen. Als mögliche Steuerungsinstrumente konnten
Vergütung und Zufriedenheit mit den Berufsbedingungen identifiziert werden, um einem
absehbaren Notarztmangel zu begegnen.
Vascular Pathogenesis in Acute and Long COVID: Current Insights and Therapeutic Outlook
Authors: Kruger Arneaux , Joffe David , Lloyd-Jones Graham , Khan Muhammed Asad , Šalamon Špela , Laubscher Gert J. , Putrino David , Kell Douglas B. , Pretorius Etheresia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLong coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)—a postacute consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection—manifests with a broad spectrum of relapsing and remitting or persistent symptoms as well as varied levels of organ damage, which may be asymptomatic or present as acute events such as heart attacks or strokes and recurrent infections, hinting at complex underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Central to these symptoms is vascular dysfunction rooted in thrombotic endothelialitis. We review the scientific evidence that widespread endothelial dysfunction (ED) leads to chronic symptomatology. We briefly examine the molecular pathways contributing to endothelial pathology and provide a detailed analysis of how these cellular processes underpin the clinical picture. Noninvasive diagnostic techniques, such as flow-mediated dilation and peripheral arterial tonometry, are evaluated for their utility in identifying ED. We then explore mechanistic, cellular-targeted therapeutic interventions for their potential in treating ED. Overall, we emphasize the critical role of cellular health in managing Long COVID and highlight the need for early intervention to prevent long-term vascular and cellular dysfunction.
Impact of Digital Health Interventions on Birth Equity: A Review
Authors: Malloy Shannon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe rise in smartphone utilization and technology uptake has popularized digital health interventions as a means of supporting healthy pregnancies and optimizing maternal and child health. Digital health interventions include several modalities, such as telemedicine, remote patient monitoring, smartphone applications, web-based interventions, wearables, and health information technology. However, the impact of these interventions on improving maternal and infant health outcomes by race and socioeconomic status to achieve birth equity is unknown. This review summarizes current literature on the impact of digital health interventions on the outcomes of communities of color and lower socioeconomic status in the United States. We demonstrate there is emerging evidence of the impact of digital health interventions on maternal health outcomes, particularly for telemedicine, but evidence specifically focused on assessing outcomes by race and ethnicity and for other modalities, like mHealth apps or wearables, is limited. Digital health interventions may play a part in birth equity initiatives, but should not be considered a standalone solution, and instead should be integrated into other existing efforts to achieve birth equity, like diversifying the clinician workforce, expanding access to high-quality prenatal and postpartum care, or delivering respectful maternity care.
The Role of Helmet Therapy in Craniosynostosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Suleman Fatima , Sohail Ayesha , Javed Gohar , Samar Syeda Sana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of helmet therapy (HT) as a treatment for craniosynostosis, with a focus on the outcomes of skull morphology, reoperation rate, complications of HT, and quality of life of patients who receive it. A systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review utilized the PICO format: Does HT following strip craniectomy (SC) improve outcomes (outcome) compared to SC alone (comparison) in patients undergoing craniosynostosis correction (intervention)? Searches were performed from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2022, using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Ovid Medline databases. Study quality was evaluated using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) quality assessment scale. Fourteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. Among these, 438 patients underwent SC-HT, while 104 patients underwent SC without HT. The preoperative cephalic indices for sagittal craniosynostosis in the HT and non-HT groups were 66.8 and 67.8, respectively, which improved postoperatively to 75 and 76.2, respectively. Limited long-term follow-up hindered a definitive assessment of reoperation rates. Complication rates related to HT were low at approximately 2.9%, primarily consisting of skin irritation. Parental satisfaction was high, correlating with a strong compliance rate. Existing literature does not demonstrate a clear superiority between SC with or without HT for treating nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis. Outcomes appear comparable, but evidence is constrained by the predominance of single-center retrospective studies with limited methodological rigor. There is a pressing need for international multicenter trials to furnish more robust and generalizable findings.
Thyroxine Replacement Therapy during Ramadan Fasting: A Narrative Review
Authors: Aljaberi Asma , Alamoudi Reem , Elsherbiny Tamer M. , Hafidh Khadija , Raza Syed Abbas , Beshyah Salem A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction Ramadan fasting-induced changes in eating and sleeping patterns pose a risk of influencing thyroid hormone levels. There is a recognition of the potential impact of fasting and feasting on levothyroxine (L-T4) absorption.
Materials and Methods A narrative, nonsystematic literature review from two major medical online databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) from their inception to the search day (February 22, 2024). A relevant combined search term was used. The retrieved literature is narrated in a concise account.
Results There is a relationship between metabolism and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This relationship contributes to transient metabolic disturbances that influence the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of various drugs, adding complexity to the management of hypothyroidism during Ramadan fasting. Several observational studies have studied the changes in thyroid function levels during unmodified L-T4 regimens. Experimental trials explored the impact on body weight, well-being, and thyroid functions when the timing of L-T4 administration changes. Findings are far from homogeneous due to different study protocols. A recent meta-analysis demonstrated a significant post-Ramadan increase in TSH levels among euthyroid patients. L-T4 timing points, encompassing pre-Iftar, post-Iftar, and pre-Suhoor, are associated with elevated TSH levels after Ramadan fasting. The emphasis on individualized L-T4 regimens during Ramadan fasting is underscored, with recommendations for patients to refrain from food for at least 3 hours before and 30 minutes after L-T4 intake to ensure optimal compliance by most experts. The association between adherence to L-T4 during Ramadan fasting and maintaining euthyroid status is highlighted, encouraging patients to follow prescribed regimens diligently. Modified dosing frequencies, such as weekly regimens, exhibit promising results, especially in patients grappling with compliance issues. Proactive consultations with physicians before Ramadan are needed to review the latest thyroid function test and make possible dose adjustments.
Conclusion Managing hypothyroidism during Ramadan necessitates an understanding of medication timing, food-drug interactions, and prior regimens. Adherence, facilitated by flexibility, plays a critical role in achieving euthyroid status.