bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsteady stagnation-point flow and heat transfer of a special third grade fluid past a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet
Authors: Naganthran Kohilavani , Nazar Roslinda , Pop Ioan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the unsteady stagnation-point boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a special third grade fluid past a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet has been studied. Similarity transformation is used to transform the system of boundary layer equations which is in the form of partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations. The system of similarity equations is then reduced to a system of first order differential equations and has been solved numerically by using the bvp4c function in Matlab. The numerical solutions for the skin friction coefficient and heat transfer coefficient as well as the velocity and temperature profiles are presented in the forms of tables and graphs. Dual solutions exist for both cases of stretching and shrinking sheet. Stability analysis is performed to determine which solution is stable and valid physically. Results from the stability analysis depict that the first solution (upper branch) is stable and physically realizable, while the second solution (lower branch) is unstable.
Curcumin mediates oxaliplatin-acquired resistance reversion in colorectal cancer cell lines through modulation of CXC-Chemokine/NF-κB signalling pathway
Authors: Ruiz de Porras Vicenç , Bystrup Sara , Martínez-Cardús Anna , Pluvinet Raquel , Sumoy Lauro , Howells Lynne , James Mark I. , Iwuji Chinenye , Manzano José Luis , Layos Laura , Bugés Cristina , Abad Albert , Martínez-Balibrea Eva 
Published: April 2016

AbstractResistance to oxaliplatin (OXA) is a complex process affecting the outcomes of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with this drug. De-regulation of the NF-κB signalling pathway has been proposed as an important mechanism involved in this phenomenon. Here, we show that NF-κB was hyperactivated in in vitro models of OXA-acquired resistance but was attenuated by the addition of Curcumin, a non-toxic NF-κB inhibitor. The concomitant combination of Curcumin + OXA was more effective and synergistic in cell lines with acquired resistance to OXA, leading to the reversion of their resistant phenotype, through the inhibition of the NF-κB signalling cascade. Transcriptomic profiling revealed the up-regulation of three NF-κB-regulated CXC-chemokines, CXCL8, CXCL1 and CXCL2, in the resistant cells that were more efficiently down-regulated after OXA + Curcumin treatment as compared to the sensitive cells. Moreover, CXCL8 and CXCL1 gene silencing made resistant cells more sensitive to OXA through the inhibition of the Akt/NF-κB pathway. High expression of CXCL1 in FFPE samples from explant cultures of CRC patients-derived liver metastases was associated with response to OXA + Curcumin. In conclusion, we suggest that combination of OXA + Curcumin could be an effective treatment, for which CXCL1 could be used as a predictive marker, in CRC patients.
Predicting the epidemic threshold of the susceptible-infected-recovered model
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Quan-Hui , Zhong Lin-Feng , Tang Ming , Gao Hui , Stanley H. Eugene 
Published: April 2016

AbstractResearchers have developed several theoretical methods for predicting epidemic thresholds, including the mean-field like (MFL) method, the quenched mean-field (QMF) method and the dynamical message passing (DMP) method. When these methods are applied to predict epidemic threshold they often produce differing results and their relative levels of accuracy are still unknown. We systematically analyze these two issues—relationships among differing results and levels of accuracy—by studying the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model on uncorrelated configuration networks and a group of 56 real-world networks. In uncorrelated configuration networks the MFL and DMP methods yield identical predictions that are larger and more accurate than the prediction generated by the QMF method. As for the 56 real-world networks, the epidemic threshold obtained by the DMP method is more likely to reach the accurate epidemic threshold because it incorporates full network topology information and some dynamical correlations. We find that in most of the networks with positive degree-degree correlations, an eigenvector localized on the high k-core nodes, or a high level of clustering, the epidemic threshold predicted by the MFL method, which uses the degree distribution as the only input information, performs better than the other two methods.
Vibration from freight trains fragments sleep: A polysomnographic study
Authors: Smith Michael G. , Croy Ilona , Hammar Oscar , Persson Waye Kerstin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAs the number of freight trains on railway networks increases, so does the potential for vibration exposure in dwellings nearby to freight railway lines. Nocturnal trains in particular are of particular importance since night-time exposure may interfere with sleep. The present work investigates the impact of vibration and noise from night-time freight trains on human sleep. In an experimental polysomnographic laboratory study, 24 young healthy volunteers with normal hearing were exposed to simulated freight pass-bys with vibration amplitudes of 0.7 and 1.4 mm/s either 20 or 36 times during the night. Stronger vibrations were associated with higher probabilities of event-related arousals and awakenings (p < 0.001) and sleep stage changes (p < 0.05). Sleep macrostructure was most affected in high vibration nights with 36 events, with increased wakefulness (p < 0.05), reduced continual slow wave sleep (p < 0.05), earlier awakenings (p < 0.05) and an overall increase in sleep stage changes (p < 0.05). Subjects reported sleep disturbance due to vibration (F(4,92) = 25.9, p < 0.001) and noise (F(4,92) = 25.9, p < 0.001), with the number of trains having an effect only for the 0.7 mm/s condition (p < 0.05). The findings show that combined vibration and noise from railway freight affects the natural rhythm of sleep, but extrapolation of significance for health outcomes should be approached with caution.
Phosphorylated IGFBP-1 as a non-invasive predictor of liver fat in NAFLD
Authors: Petäjä Elina M. , Zhou You , Havana Marika , Hakkarainen Antti , Lundbom Nina , Ihalainen Jarkko , Yki-Järvinen Hannele 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInsulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) is a potentially interesting marker for liver fat in NAFLD as it is exclusively produced by the liver and insulin is its main regulator. We determined whether measurement of fasting serum phosphorylated IGFBP-1 (fS-pIGFBP-1) helps to predict liver fat compared to routinely available clinical parameters and PNPLA3 genotype at rs738409. Liver fat content (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) was measured in 378 subjects (62% women, age 43 [30–54] years, BMI 32.7 [28.1–39.7] kg/m2, 46% with NAFLD). Subjects were randomized to discovery and validation groups, which were matched for clinical and biochemical parameters and PNPLA3 genotype. Multiple linear regression and Random Forest modeling were used to identify predictors of liver fat. The final model, % Liver Fat Equation’, included age, fS-pIGFBP-1, S-ALT, waist-to-hip ratio, fP-Glucose and fS-Insulin (adjusted R2 = 0.44 in the discovery group, 0.49 in the validation group, 0.47 in all subjects). The model was significantly better than a model without fS-pIGFBP-1 or S-ALT or S-AST alone. Random Forest modeling identified fS-p-IGFBP-1 as one of the top five predictors of liver fat (adjusted R2 = 0.39). Therefore, measurement of fS-pIGFBP-1 may help in non-invasive prediction of liver fat content.
Altered Intrinsic Regional Activity and Interregional Functional Connectivity in Post-stroke Aphasia
Authors: Yang Mi , Li Jiao , Li Yibo , Li Rong , Pang Yajing , Yao Dezhong , Liao Wei , Chen Huafu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSeveral neuroimaging studies have examined cerebral function in patients who suffer from aphasia, but the mechanism underlying this disorder remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined alterations in the local regional and remote interregional network cerebral functions in aphasia combined with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and interregional functional connectivity (FC) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 17 post-stroke aphasic patients, all having suffered a stroke in the left hemisphere, as well as 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, were enrolled in this study. The aphasic patients showed significantly increased intrinsic regional activity mainly in the contralesional mesial temporal (hippocampus/parahippocampus, [HIP/ParaHIP]) and lateral temporal cortices. In addition, intrinsic regional activity in the contralesional HIP/ParaHIP was negatively correlated with construction score. Aphasic patients showed increased remote interregional FC between the contralesional HIP/ParaHIP and fusiform gyrus, but reduced FC in the ipsilesional occipital and parietal cortices. These findings suggested that the intrinsic regional brain dysfunctions in aphasia were related to interregional functional connectivity. Changes in the intrinsic regional brain activity and associated remote functional connectivity pattern would provide valuable information to enhance the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of aphasia.
Reduced habituation of auditory evoked potentials indicate cortical hyper-excitability in Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Ethridge L E , White S P , Mosconi M W , Wang J , Byerly M J , Sweeney J A 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSensory hypersensitivities are common, clinically distressing features of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). Preclinical evidence suggests this abnormality may result from synaptic hyper-excitability in sensory systems. This model predicts reduced sensory habituation to repeated stimulus presentation. Fourteen adolescents and adults with FXS and 15 age-matched controls participated in a modified auditory gating task using trains of 4 identical tones during dense array electroencephalography (EEG). Event-related potential and single trial time–frequency analyses revealed decreased habituation of the N1 event-related potential response in FXS, and increased gamma power coupled with decreases in gamma phase-locking during the early-stimulus registration period. EEG abnormalities in FXS were associated with parent reports of heightened sensory sensitivities and social communication deficits. Reduced habituation and altered gamma power and phase-locking to auditory cues demonstrated here in FXS patients parallels preclinical findings with Fmr1 KO mice. Thus, the EEG abnormalities seen in FXS patients support the model of neocortical hyper-excitability in FXS, and may provide useful translational biomarkers for evaluating novel treatment strategies targeting its neural substrate.
Dimensions of depressive symptoms and cingulate volumes in older adults
Authors: McLaren M E , Szymkowicz S M , O’Shea A , Woods A J , Anton S D , Dotson V M 
Published: April 2016

AbstractClinical depression and subthreshold depressive symptoms in older adults have been linked to structural changes in the cingulate gyrus. The cingulate comprises functionally distinct subregions that may have distinct associations with different types, or symptom dimensions, of depression. This study examined the relationship between symptom dimensions of depression and gray matter volumes in the anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate and isthmus of the cingulate in a nonclinical sample. The study included 41 community-dwelling older adults between the ages of 55 and 81. Participants received a structural magnetic resonance imaging scan and completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Subscale scores for depressed mood, somatic symptoms and lack of positive affect were calculated, and Freesurfer was used to extract cingulate gray matter volumes. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and volumes of cingulate subregions while controlling for sex, age and estimated total intracranial volume. Higher scores on the depressed mood subscale were associated with larger volumes in the left posterior cingulate and smaller volumes in the isthmus cingulate. Higher scores on the somatic symptoms subscale were significantly related to smaller volumes in the posterior cingulate. A trend was observed for a positive relationship between higher scores on the lack of positive affect subscale and larger volumes in the anterior cingulate cortex. These results are consistent with previous findings of altered cingulate volumes with increased depressive symptomatology and suggest specific symptom dimensions of depression may differ in their relationship with subregions of the cingulate.
Species-conserved reconfigurations of brain network topology induced by ketamine
Authors: Becker R , Braun U , Schwarz A J , Gass N , Schweiger J I , Weber-Fahr W , Schenker E , Spedding M , Clemm von Hohenberg C , Risterucci C , Zang Z , Grimm O , Tost H , Sartorius A , Meyer-Lindenberg A 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSpecies-conserved (intermediate) phenotypes that can be quantified and compared across species offer important advantages for translational research and drug discovery. Here, we investigate the utility of network science methods to assess the pharmacological alterations of the large-scale architecture of brain networks in rats and humans. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in humans and a placebo-controlled two-group study in rats, we demonstrate that the application of ketamine leads to a topological reconfiguration of large-scale brain networks towards less-integrated and more-segregated information processing in both the species. As these alterations are opposed to those commonly observed in patients suffering from depression, they might indicate systems-level correlates of the antidepressant effect of ketamine.
National- and state-level impact and cost-effectiveness of nonavalent HPV vaccination in the United States
Authors: Durham David P. , Ndeffo-Mbah Martial L. , Skrip Laura A. , Jones Forrest K. , Bauch Chris T. , Galvani Alison P. 
Published: April 2016

SignificanceVaccination protects against human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced cervical cancer, but coverage varies markedly across the United States. The nonavalent vaccine produces greater health benefits than the bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines at a lower societal cost. Because of the impact of herd immunity, any expansion in coverage will be much more effective in reducing cancer incidence and healthcare costs if targeted in those states with the lowest coverage. Because of interstate migration and the long duration between HPV infection and resultant cervical cancer, much of the benefit of vaccination will be realized beyond a state’s borders. Therefore, both cervical cancer incidence and expenditure can be substantially reduced if the states coordinate policies to promote expansion of coverage, particularly for the new nonavalent vaccine.
Fasting induces a form of autonomic synaptic plasticity that prevents hypoglycemia
Authors: Wang Manqi , Wang Qian , Whim Matthew D. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
To prevent a fall in blood glucose during fasting, the counter-regulatory response is activated. An important component of this pathway involves the autonomic nervous system and release of epinephrine from the adrenal gland. This autonomic response is often referred to as a reflex, implying the output is hardwired and inflexible. Here we show the strength of the terminal synapse that controls epinephrine release is actually highly plastic. Fasting leads to a long-lasting increase in synaptic strength by a process that requires neuropeptide Y and Y5 receptors. In the absence of neuropeptide Y, synaptic strengthening is absent, epinephrine release is reduced, and the mice become hypoglycemic. These findings indicate that the response to fasting involves significant autonomic synaptic plasticity.
Hysteresis in DNA compaction by Dps is described by an Ising model
Authors: Vtyurina Natalia N. , Dulin David , Docter Margreet W. , Meyer Anne S. , Dekker Nynke H. , Abbondanzieri Elio A. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Cooperativity has been a fundamental concept in our understanding of biological systems for over a century. Here, we describe the observation of cooperative binding that exhibits long-lived hysteresis and cannot be described by a standard Hill model. Inspired by the Ising model of ferromagnetism, we describe this hysteresis as a consequence of cooperative binding in the limit of large complexes. We provide a method to relate the amount of hysteresis to the strength of the neighboring interactions between bound proteins and DNA. This novel kinetic feature of macromolecular complexes allows cells to create a binary response to small changes in external conditions and causes complexes to retain a memory of past conditions over long timescales.
NF-κB–driven suppression of FOXO3a contributes to EGFR mutation-independent gefitinib resistance
Authors: Chiu Ching-Feng , Chang Yi-Wen , Kuo Kuang-Tai , Shen Yu-Shiuan , Liu Chien-Ying , Yu Yang-Hao , Cheng Ching-Chia , Lee Kang-Yun , Chen Feng-Chi , Hsu Min-Kung , Kuo Tsang-Chih , Ma Jui-Ti , Su Jen-Liang 
Published: April 2016

SignificanceGefitinib is a small molecular inhibitor that targets EGFR tyrosine kinases (EGFR-TKI) and has been used as a first-line treatment for advanced lung cancer. However, not all lung cancer patients respond to gefitinib treatment, and resistance to gefitinib has been apparent for lung cancer patients who have undergone treatment for a few months. We observed that FOXO3a expression is inversely correlated with lung cancer patients who responded poorly to EGFR-TKI treatment and identified an underlying mechanism of FOXO3a in EGFR mutation-independent cancer stemness and gefitinib resistance through the epigenetic regulation of NF-κB/miR-155. This finding highlights the potential of targeting the NF-κB/miR-155/FOXO3a pathway as a novel therapeutic strategy for lung cancer with the acquisition of resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
Predicting the spread of marine species introduced by global shipping
Authors: Seebens Hanno , Schwartz Nicole , Schupp Peter J. , Blasius Bernd 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Predicting the arrival of alien species remains a big challenge, which is assumed to be a consequence of the complexity of the invasion process. Here, we demonstrate that spreading of alien marine species can be predicted by a simple model using only global shipping intensities, environmental variables, and species occurrence data. We provide species lists of the next potentially invading species in a local habitat or species causing harmful algal blooms with their associated probability of invasion. This will help to improve mitigation strategies to reduce the further introduction of alien species. Although this study focuses on marine algae, the model approach can be easily adopted to other taxonomic groups and their respective drivers of invasion.
Re-silencing of silent synapses unmasks anti-relapse effects of environmental enrichment
Authors: Ma Yao-Ying , Wang Xiusong , Huang Yanhua , Marie Helene , Nestler Eric J. , Schlüter Oliver M. , Dong Yan 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Although long postulated as a behavioral therapy for drug addiction, environmental enrichment (EE) applied alone achieves only marginal and transient anti-addiction effects. Here, we report that, after cocaine withdrawal, EE alone did not affect the amygdala-to-nucleus accumbens projection, which has been critically implicated in cocaine craving and seeking. However, in vivo optogenetic long-term depression (LTD) at this projection primed a portion of affected synapses to remodel upon EE, leading to long-lasting anti-relapse effects. Thus, projection-specific LTD unmasks the anti-relapse power of EE, indicating the synergy of combinatory approaches for treating addiction.
Meta-analysis reveals that hydraulic traits explain cross-species patterns of drought-induced tree mortality across the globe
Authors: Anderegg William R. L. , Klein Tamir , Bartlett Megan , Sack Lawren , Pellegrini Adam F. A. , Choat Brendan , Jansen Steven 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Predicting the impacts of climate extremes on plant communities is a central challenge in ecology. Physiological traits may improve prediction of drought impacts on forests globally. We perform a meta-analysis across 33 studies that span all forested biomes and find that, among the examined traits, hydraulic traits explain cross-species patterns in mortality from drought. Gymnosperm and angiosperm mortality was associated with different hydraulic traits, giving insight into the relative weights of different traits and mechanisms in mortality prediction. Our results provide a foundation for more mechanistic predictions of drought-induced tree mortality across Earth’s diverse forests.
Rational elicitation of cold-sensitive phenotypes
Authors: Baliga Chetana , Majhi Sandipan , Mondal Kajari , Bhattacharjee Antara , VijayRaghavan K. , Varadarajan Raghavan 
Published: April 2016

SignificanceTemperature-sensitive (ts) and cold-sensitive mutants (cs) provide rapid and reversible means to lower the level of a specific gene product at any stage in the life cycle of an organism. cs mutants are rare, and the molecular determinants of cs phenotypes are poorly understood. We present and validate a method for the rational elicitation of cold-sensitive phenotypes that involves the design of partial loss-of-function mutants based solely on amino acid sequence, and the coupling of such mutants to a heat responsive promoter. This study provides insight into the molecular determinants of cold sensitivity. Such designed cs mutants provide insight into gene function and also can be coupled with ts mutants to order genes in a pathway.
Boosting association rule mining in large datasets via Gibbs sampling
Authors: Qian Guoqi , Rao Calyampudi Radhakrishna , Sun Xiaoying , Wu Yuehua 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Informative association rule mining is fundamental for knowledge discovery from transaction data, for which brute-force search algorithms, e.g., the well-known Apriori algorithm, were developed. However, operating these algorithms becomes computationally intractable in searching large rule space. The stochastic search algorithm developed here tackles this challenge by using the idea of annealing Gibbs sampling. Large rule space of exponential order can still be randomly searched by this algorithm to generate an ergodic Markov chain of viable length. The ergodic chain contains the most informative rules with probability 1, creating a much reduced rule space for subsequent mining without information loss. Such capacity of the algorithm is demonstrated using a carefully designed simulation study and a real genomic dataset containing 1,067 items.