bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combinations of Oseltamivir and T-705 Extend the Treatment Window for Highly Pathogenic Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in Mice
Authors: Marathe Bindumadhav M. , Wong Sook-San , Vogel Peter , Garcia-Alcalde Fernando , Webster Robert G. , Webby Richard J. , Najera Isabel , Govorkova Elena A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCurrent anti-influenza therapy depends on administering drugs soon after infection, which is often impractical. We assessed whether combinations of oseltamivir (a neuraminidase inhibitor) and T-705 (a nonspecific inhibitor of viral polymerases) could extend the window for treating lethal infection with highly pathogenic A(H5N1) influenza virus in mice. Combination therapy protected 100% of mice, even when delayed until 96 h postinoculation. Compared to animals receiving monotherapy, mice receiving combination therapy had reduced viral loads and restricted viral spread in lung tissues, limited lung damage and decreased inflammatory cytokine production. Next-generation sequencing showed that virus populations in T-705–treated mice had greater genetic variability, with more frequent transversion events, than did populations in control and oseltamivir-treated mice, but no substitutions associated with resistance to oseltamivir or T-705 were detected. Thus, combination therapy extended the treatment window for A(H5N1) influenza infection in mice and should be considered for evaluation in a clinical setting.
Intersystem crossing-branched excited-state intramolecular proton transfer for o-nitrophenol: An ab initio on-the-fly nonadiabatic molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: Xu Chao , Yu Le , Zhu Chaoyuan , Yu Jianguo , Cao Zexing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 6SA-CASSCF(10, 10)/6-31G (d, p) quantum chemistry method has been applied to perform on-the-fly trajectory surface hopping simulation with global switching algorithm and to explore excited-state intramolecular proton transfer reactions for the o-nitrophenol molecule within low-lying electronic singlet states (S0 and S1) and triplet states (T1 and T2). The decisive photoisomerization mechanisms of o-nitrophenol upon S1 excitation are found by three intersystem crossings and one conical intersection between two triplet states, in which T1 state plays an essential role. The present simulation shows branch ratios and timescales of three key processes via T1 state, non-hydrogen transfer with ratio 48% and timescale 300 fs, the tunneling hydrogen transfer with ratios 36% and timescale 10 ps, and the direct hydrogen transfer with ratios 13% and timescale 40 fs. The present simulated timescales might be close to low limit of the recent experiment results.
Perceiving object affordances through visual and linguistic pathways: A comparative study
Authors: Zhang Zuo , Sun Yaoru , Humphreys Glyn W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is known that both perceiving visual objects and reading object names automatically activate associated motor codes and modulate motor responses. We examined the nature of these motor activation effects for different effectors (hands and feet), and for pictures and words, across the time course of responding. The compatibility effects elicited by objects and words were comparable for the mean effect size, both were larger for slow than for fast responses and the effects were positively correlated across the stimulus types. Our results support an embodied cognition account in which the perception of objects and words automatically activates perceptual simulations of the associated actions, suggesting that objects and words share cognitive and neural mechanisms for accessing motor codes. However, the compatibility effects for objects and words carried over across trials differently: the compatibility effect for words was sensitive to a previous response, while the effect for objects was more immune to such influence. This result suggests a stronger link between objects and actions through a visual pathway than through a linguistic pathway.
Discriminative gene co-expression network analysis uncovers novel modules involved in the formation of phosphate deficiency-induced root hairs in Arabidopsis
Authors: Salazar-Henao Jorge E. , Lin Wen-Dar , Schmidt Wolfgang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCell fate and differentiation in the Arabidopsis root epidermis are genetically defined but remain plastic to environmental signals such as limited availability of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Root hairs of Pi-deficient plants are more frequent and longer than those of plants grown under Pi-replete conditions. To dissect genes involved in Pi deficiency-induced root hair morphogenesis, we constructed a co-expression network of Pi-responsive genes against a customized database that was assembled from experiments in which differentially expressed genes that encode proteins with validated functions in root hair development were over-represented. To further filter out less relevant genes, we combined this procedure with a search for common cis-regulatory elements in the promoters of the selected genes. In addition to well-described players and processes such as auxin signalling and modifications of primary cell walls, we discovered several novel aspects in the biology of root hairs induced by Pi deficiency, including cell cycle control, putative plastid-to-nucleus signalling, pathogen defence, reprogramming of cell wall-related carbohydrate metabolism and chromatin remodelling. This approach allows the discovery of novel of aspects of a biological process from transcriptional profiles with high sensitivity and accuracy.
Developmental suppression of schizophrenia-associated miR-137 alters sensorimotor function in zebrafish
Authors: Giacomotto J , Carroll A P , Rinkwitz S , Mowry B , Cairns M J , Becker T S 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe neurodevelopmentally regulated microRNA miR-137 was strongly implicated as risk locus for schizophrenia in the most recent genome wide association study coordinated by the Psychiatric Genome Consortium (PGC). This molecule is highly conserved in vertebrates enabling the investigation of its function in the developing zebrafish. We utilized this model system to achieve overexpression and suppression of miR-137, both transiently and stably through transgenesis. While miR-137 overexpression was not associated with an observable specific phenotype, downregulation by antisense morpholino and/or transgenic expression of miR-sponge RNA induced significant impairment of both embryonic and larval touch-sensitivity without compromising overall anatomical development. We observed miR-137 expression and activity in sensory neurons including Rohon–Beard neurons and dorsal root ganglia, two neuronal cell types that confer touch-sensitivity in normal zebrafish, suggesting a role of these cell types in the observed phenotype. The lack of obvious anatomical or histological pathology in these cells, however, suggested that subtle axonal network defects or a change in synaptic function and neural connectivity might be responsible for the behavioral phenotype rather than a change in the cellular morphology or neuroanatomy.
Complexin splits the membrane-proximal region of a single SNAREpin
Authors: Yin Linxiang , Kim Jaewook , Shin Yeon-Kyun 
Published: May 2016

Complexin (Cpx) is thought to be a major regulator of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-dependent membrane fusion. Although the inhibition of membrane fusion by Cpx has been frequently reported, its structural basis has been elusive and an anticipated disruption of the SNARE core has never been observed. In the present study, to mimic the natural environment, we assembled a single SNAREpin between two nanodisc membrane patches. Single-molecule FRET (smFRET) detects a large conformational change, specifically at the C-terminal half, whereas no conformational change is observed at the N-terminal half. Our results suggest that Cpx splits the C-terminal half of the SNARE core at least 10 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm), whereby inhibiting further progression of SNARE zippering and membrane fusion.
Enhanced thermopower in ZnO two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Shimizu Sunao , Bahramy Mohammad Saeed , Iizuka Takahiko , Ono Shimpei , Miwa Kazumoto , Tokura Yoshinori , Iwasa Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Thermoelectric effects, the conversion of heat into electrical energy, reflect the profile of the electronic density of states. Therefore, the control of the dimensionality is a key strategy to obtaining higher thermoelectric power. The direct demonstration of the enhancement, however, has been elusive, partly because of the difficulties in preparation of low-dimensional materials with simple band structures. Here, we investigated the Seebeck effect of 2D electrons using the electric field effect. The ion-gating experiment and band calculation demonstrated that the field-induced 2D electrons on an oxide semiconductor ZnO exhibit a higher thermoelectric effect than bulk ZnO. Furthermore, our approach of electrically controlling thermopower provides an effective route to exploit the optimum conditions of thermoelectric properties.
Lassoing saddle splay and the geometrical control of topological defects
Authors: Tran Lisa , Lavrentovich Maxim O. , Beller Daniel A. , Li Ningwei , Stebe Kathleen J. , Kamien Randall D. 
Published: May 2016

SignificanceThe liquid crystalline state of matter exhibits amazing, diverse defect structures. Whereas often these structures are found in exotic, specially designed materials, we find exotic defect structures in even the simplest liquid crystals by placing them in templates with special boundary cues. We find that a sheet filled with an array of holes placed in a liquid crystal cell induces arrays of defect lines. We also find that the anchoring conditions at the cell surfaces strongly modify the observed liquid-crystal states. We characterize and explain our experimental observations using simulations and theoretical considerations.
Typhoid toxin provides a window into typhoid fever and the biology ofSalmonellaTyphi
Authors: Galán Jorge E. 
Published: May 2016

SignificanceSalmonellaTyphi is the cause of typhoid fever, a disease that has challenged humans throughout history but that continues to be a major public health concern resulting in ∼200,000 deaths every year. The recent discovery of typhoid toxin has provided unique opportunities to develop much needed preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Induction, Recovery, and Hematological Responses of Pallid Sturgeon to Chemical and Electrical Sedation
Authors: Johnson Jennifer L. , Trushenski Jesse T. , Bowker James D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Currently, there are no sedatives approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration that are considered effective, safe to a broad range of fish species, practical to use, and allow sedated fish to be returned to public waters immediately upon recovery. Availability of such a sedative is critical for many field-based fisheries activities and research, particularly when working with federally listed threatened and endangered species such as Pallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus. Therefore, we conducted an experiment to quantitatively compare induction and recovery times of Pallid Sturgeon sedated using tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222), eugenol, or electrosedation (pulsed DC) and assess the fish's hematological profile following sedation. Induction times varied significantly among the sedatives evaluated, of which electrosedation yielded the fastest induction times (0.2 ± 0.04 min, mean ± SE) followed by MS-222 (1.8 ± 0.19 min) and eugenol (2.3 ± 0.26 min). Times to recovery of equilibrium and responsiveness to tactile stimuli also varied, ranging from 1.4 ± 0.1 min for electrosedation to 4.7 ± 0.2 min and 6.4 ± 0.7 min for MS-222 and eugenol, respectively. Except for plasma osmolality, hematological variables (hematocrit, glucose, lactate, and cortisol) did not vary over a 6-h postsedation sampling period. Osmolality was lower in fish sedated with MS-222 and eugenol and higher in electrosedated fish compared with unsedated reference fish. Our results showed that all sedation protocols tested effectively sedated Pallid Sturgeon, all sedated fish recovered, and there was no delayed mortality associated with sedation.
Received April 21, 2015; accepted December 21, 2015 Published online May 24, 2016
Observation of spectrum effect on the measurement of intrinsic error field on EAST
Authors: Wang Hui-Hui , Sun You-Wen , Qian Jin-Ping , Shi Tong-Hui , Shen Biao , Gu Shuai , Liu Yue-Qiang , Guo Wen-Feng , Chu Nan , He Kai-Yang , Jia Man-Ni , Chen Da-Long , Xue Min-Min , Ren Jie , Wang Yong , Sheng Zhi-Cai , Xiao Bing-Jia , Luo Zheng-Ping , Liu Yong , Liu Hai-Qing , Zhao Hai-Lin , Zeng Long , Gong Xian-Zu , Liang Yun-Feng , Wan Bao-Nian 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Intrinsic error field on EAST is measured using the ‘compass scan’ technique with different n  =  1 magnetic perturbation coil configurations in ohmically heated discharges. The intrinsic error field measured using a non-resonant dominated spectrum with even connection of the upper and lower resonant magnetic perturbation coils is of the order

b

r
2
,
1

/

B

T

≃

10

−
5

and the toroidal phase of intrinsic error field is around

60

°

. A clear difference between the results using the two coil configurations, resonant and non-resonant dominated spectra, is observed. The ‘resonant’ and ‘non-resonant’ terminology is based on vacuum modeling. The penetration thresholds of the non-resonant dominated cases are much smaller than that of the resonant cases. The difference of penetration thresholds between the resonant and non-resonant cases is reduced by plasma response modeling using the MARS-F code.
BILATERAL COATS REACTION IN BANNAYAN–ZONANA SYNDROME: A SINGLE CASE REPORT
Authors: Klifto Meredith R. , Balaratnasingam Chandrakumar , Weissman Harold H. , Yannuzzi Lawrence A. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:
To report the clinical features of bilateral Coats reaction in a patient with Bannayan–Zonana syndrome.

Methods:
The clinical course and retinal manifestations of a 21-year-old patient with Bannayan–Zonana syndrome and bilateral Coats reaction were studied. Retinal manifestations were documented with clinical examination, ultrawide-field color imaging, and ultrawide-field fluorescein angiography.

Results:
Best-corrected visual acuities were 20/25 OD and 20/25 OS. Anterior segment examinations were normal bilaterally. The inferotemporal quadrant of the left retina demonstrated retinal telangiectasias, exudation, and a neurosensory retinal detachment extending to the mid-periphery. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated bilateral peripheral nonperfusion and vascular staining. An epiretinal membrane also involved the left macula.

Conclusion:
Bannayan–Zonana syndrome is an autosomal-dominant, hamartomatous disease characterized by a mutation spectrum that involves genes responsible for vascular development. Retinal vascular abnormalities and exudation can be a manifestation of this syndrome.
Abnormal Pupil Finding After an Orbital Floor Fracture in a Child
Authors: Feng Jing Jing , Della Rocca David A. , Kodsi Sylvia R. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:
Trauma to the pupillary fibers can occur during repair of orbital floor fracture resulting in a fixed and dilated pupil. The authors report, discuss, and propose an etiology of an abnormal pupil in a child with an orbital floor fracture before surgical repair.

Methods:
A case report is described.

Results:
Although the orbital fracture was repaired, anisocoria persisted 18 months after the initial trauma.

Conclusions:
Pupillary function must be assessed before surgical repair of an orbital floor fracture as damage of the pupillary fibers can occur secondary to the orbital floor fracture.
Efficacy of mirtazapine for the treatment of fibromyalgia without concomitant depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIa study in Japan
Authors: Miki Kenji , Murakami Masato , Oka Hiroshi , Onozawa Kaname , Yoshida Sadahiro , Osada Kenichi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mirtazapine in Japanese patients with fibromyalgia (FM), a parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIa study was conducted at 57 sites between November 2012 and February 2014. Patients aged 20 to 64 years who met the American College of Rheumatology 1990 diagnostic FM criteria and had stably high pain scores during a placebo run-in period were randomly assigned (1:1) by a computer-generated allocation sequence (block size 4) to receive mirtazapine orally (15 mg/d for 1 week and then 30 mg/d) or matching placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in mean numerical rating scale (NRS) pain score from baseline to endpoint (week 12 or early discontinuation). Of the 430 patients randomized (n = 215 each group), 422 (n = 211 each group) were analyzed for the primary endpoint. At the study endpoint, mirtazapine caused a significantly greater reduction in the mean NRS pain score compared with placebo (difference, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, −0.72 to −0.17; P = 0.0018). The reduction by mirtazapine remained significantly greater compared with placebo from week 6 onward. More patients treated with mirtazapine had their NRS pain score reduced by ≥30% from baseline (45.5% vs 30.8%). Mirtazapine also improved pain-related quality of life assessed by the Japanese version of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and the Short-Form 36 Questionnaire. Adverse events were more common with mirtazapine than placebo (68.8% vs 56.7%), including somnolence (32.1% vs 7.4%), weight gain (17.7% vs 0.9%), and increased appetite (11.6% vs 3.3%). In conclusion, mirtazapine was an effective and safe treatment for Japanese patients with FM.
Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction Using a Polyester Mesh (Surgimesh-PET): A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Baldelli Ilaria , Cardoni Gaia , Franchelli Simonetta , Fregatti Piero , Friedman Daniele , Pesce Marianna , Ponte Erica , Santori Gregorio , Santi Pierluigi 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Although the introduction of acellular dermal matrices is considered one of the most important advancements in alloplastic breast reconstruction, costs and local policy limit their use in Italy. The purpose of this study was to assess short-term outcomes following Surgimesh-PET–based breast reconstruction.

Methods:
A single-center, retrospective, case-control study was performed from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2013, by enrolling 206 breast reconstructions performed in 196 patients after oncologic (n = 200) or prophylactic (n = 6) mastectomy. Group A included 63 patients who underwent 70 immediate Surgimesh-PET–assisted breast reconstructions, and group B included 133 patients who underwent 136 standard breast reconstructions.

Results:
No significant differences between groups occurred for early postoperative complications (p = 0.610), major complications that required surgical revision (p = 0.887), volume (p = 0.498) or width of the prosthesis (p = 0.201), skin-sparing mastectomy (p = 0.315), or axillary surgery (p = 0.265). Multivariate logistic regression showed that prior radiotherapy was the only significant variable for early postoperative complications in both whole series (p = 0.011) and group B (p = 0.046), whereas body mass index greater than 25 was an independent predictor in group A (p = 0.041). Prior radiotherapy was the only variable that reached statistical significance in the multivariate model for major complications in the whole series (p = 0.005).

Conclusions:
Short-term outcomes of Surgimesh-PET–based alloplastic breast reconstruction are promising. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term results of this surgical approach.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
A study of a real-time online monitoring system for the durability of concrete structures
Authors: Xiao Mingming , Zhang Shilong , Tang Yanbing , Lin Zhongmao , Chen Jiahong 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This study aims to explore the effect of corrosion monitoring technology for ensuring concrete structure safety.

Design/methodology/approach
A new monitoring system scheme with unattended operation to evaluate the durability of concrete structures is presented, which includes four components, namely, a multi-function embedded sensor, a microprocessor data collecting module, a system data analysis and storage module, and a remote server module.

Findings
The system carries out monitoring of chloride ion concentration and pH in concrete, corrosion current density and of the self-corrosion potential of the reinforcing steel bar.

Originality/value
This system provides real-time, online, lossless monitoring for concrete structures.
Cost of employee loyalty@Anand Finance
Authors: Chowdary Nagendra V. , Jayakumar Vandana , Muthukumar R. 
Published: May 2016

Subject area
Organizational Behavior and Strategic Management.

Study level/applicability
MBA, Management/Executive development programs.

Case overview
This case study can be used effectively for understanding the nuances of employee loyalty, especially if there is a cost of employee loyalty. While Anand Finance is happy that its workforce has largely been loyal, the volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous times force it to chart new course of action. The newly appointed Business Head, Ashok Singh's challenges compound when he finds that there was not’t a single innovation or best practice adopted over the past three years. Given his mandate to make Anand Finance as the Walmart of financial services, can he aspire to rally the forces behind the new mission? This case study facilitates an interesting discussion on the significance of operational and strategic alignment at organizations in the backdrop of an interesting story of Anand Finance, one of the leading non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) in India. The non-alignment was noticed by Ashok Singh (Singh) who took over as the Business Head of Anand Finance. While the company boasted of long-standing employees, Singh was quick to notice that the company had been paying a cost for employee loyalty. What was the cost of employee loyalty? Singh could also sense that the company was in a state of active inertia. Expected to make Anand Finance Walmart for financial services by 2025, Singh had a big task at hand given the lack of strategic orientation of the employees. What would be the likely course of Singh's actions? As the case study deals with strategic dilemmas related to the organizational culture, it can be suitably used for organizational behavior and strategic management courses. This case study is meant highlight that even if an organization is operationally sound and successful, it cannot afford to be strategically disoriented, as its strengths may prove to be its weaknesses with changing business conditions.

Expected learning outcomes
At the end of this case discussion, the participants are expected to know the merits and demerits of employee loyalty and the implications of the same for organizational change; whether employees’ relatively longer stints at companies would contribute to active inertia (as defined by Donald N. Sull in Harvard Business Review article, “Why Good Companies Go Bad”); and the ways to align operational orientation with strategic mindset, especially in the case of employees who rose through the ranks and had been serving the company for relatively longer period.

Supplementary materials
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