bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Adipogenesis Through Differential Modulation of ROS and Kinase Signaling Pathways by 3,4′‐Dihydroxyflavone Treatment
Authors: Han Jihae , Choi Hye Yeon , Dayem Ahmed Abdal , Kim Kyeongseok , Yang Gwangmo , Won Jihye , Do Sun Hee , Kim Jin‐Hoi , Jeong Kyu‐Shik , Cho Ssang‐Goo 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTStudies on adipogenesis may be important for regulating human and/or animal obesity, which causes several complications such as, type II diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, thus giving rise to increased economic burden in many countries. Previous reports revealed that various flavonoids have anti‐apoptotic, antioxidant, and cell differentiation‐regulating activities with a number of physiological benefits, including protection from cardiovascular disease, cancers, and oxidative stress. As we found that the hydroxylation patterns of the flavonoid B ring are known to play a critical role in their function, we screened several flavonoids containing different numbers and positions of OH substitutions in B ring for their modulatory property on adipogenesis. In this study, we revealed the anti‐adipogenic activity of the naturally derived flavonoid, 3,4′‐dihydroxyflavone (3,4′‐DHF) in murine 3T3‐L1 pre‐adipocytes and equine adipose‐derived stromal cells (eADSCs). We found that treatment with 3,4′‐dihydroxyflavone (3,4′‐DHF) led to decreased expression of adipogenic markers and lipid deposition with differential modulation of ROS and kinase signaling pathways. Regulation of ROS generation through the differential modulation of ROS‐regulating gene expression was revealed to have an important role in the suppression of adipogenesis and increase of osteogenesis in eADSCs following 3,4′‐DHF treatment. These results suggest that the flavonoid 3,4′‐DHF can be used to regulate adipogenesis in ADSCs, which has potential therapeutic application in regenerative medicine or health care for humans and many sport or companion animals. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1065–1077, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Putative alternative functions of human stefin B (cystatin B): binding to amyloid‐beta, membranes, and copper
Authors: Žerovnik Eva 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe describe studies performed thus far on stefin B from the family of cystatins as a model protein for folding and amyloid fibril formation studies. We also briefly mention our studies on aggregation of some of the missense EPM1 mutants of stefin B in cells, which mimic additional pathological traits (gain in toxic function) in selected patients with EPM1 disease. We collected data on the reported interactors of stefin B and discuss several hypotheses of possible cytosolic alternative functions.
Experimental Design in Nonlinear Case Applied to Hydrocracking Model: How Many Points Do We Need and Which Ones?
Authors: Celse Benoit , Costa Jean‐Jérôme Da , Costa Victor 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, different experimental design techniques were applied to a hydrocracking conversion model (single response). The selection of points was carried out using Federov's algorithm from an experimental database containing 48 points. The sequential design methodology was also applied. Results show that the D‐optimality criterion can provide valuable information for determination of the minimum number of experiments required to achieve acceptable precision. It is shown that only 22 points are enough to estimate parameters instead of the original database of 48 points. If sequential techniques are used, only 13 points are needed. This work provides useful theoretical and practical guidelines for experimental design in single‐response problems.
Does formal research training lead to academic success in otolaryngology?
Authors: Bobian Michael R. , Shah Noor , Svider Peter F. , Hong Robert S. , Shkoukani Mahdi A. , Folbe Adam J. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: August 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate whether formalized research training is associated with higher researcher productivity, academic rank, and acquisition of National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants within academic otolaryngology departments.MethodsEach of the 100 civilian otolaryngology program's departmental websites were analyzed to obtain a comprehensive list of faculty members credentials and characteristics, including academic rank, completion of a clinical fellowship, completion of a formal research fellowship, and attainment of a doctorate in philosophy (PhD) degree. We also recorded measures of scholarly impact and successful acquisition of NIH funding.ResultsA total of 1,495 academic physicians were included in our study. Of these, 14.1% had formal research training. Bivariate associations showed that formal research training was associated with a greater h‐index, increased probability of acquiring NIH funding, and higher academic rank. Using a linear regression model, we found that otolaryngologists possessing a PhD had an associated h‐index of 1.8 points higher, and those who completed a formal research fellowship had an h‐index of 1.6 points higher. A PhD degree or completion of a research fellowship was not associated with a higher academic rank; however, a higher h‐index and previous acquisition of an NIH grant were associated with a higher academic rank. The attainment of NIH funding was three times more likely for those with a formal research fellowship and 8.6 times more likely for otolaryngologists with a PhD degree.ConclusionFormalized research training is associated with academic success in otolaryngology. Such dedicated research training accompanies greater scholarly impact, acquisition of NIH funding, and a higher academic rank.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:E15–E21, 2017
Management of primary T1–T4 glottic squamous cell carcinoma by transoral laser microsurgery
Authors: Day Andrew T. , Sinha Parul , Nussenbaum Brian , Kallogjeri Dorina , Haughey Bruce H. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives/HypothesisEvaluate the oncologic outcomes of patients with early and select advanced primary glottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) managed by transoral laser microsurgery (TLM).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsNinety cases of TLM‐managed primary glottic SCCa were identified retrospectively using a prospectively collected database.ResultsOutcomes of patients with pTis–pT2a disease (n = 65) and pT2b–pT4a disease (n = 25) were, respectively: 5‐year local control, 86.2% and 67.5%; 5‐year disease‐free survival, 64.9% and 44.9%; 5‐year disease‐specific survival, 96.4% and 59.0%; laryngeal preservation, 96.9% and 80%. Five of nine patients (56%) with supraglottic–glottic–subglottic tumors were local recurrence‐free compared to the 70 of 81 (86%) patients with glottic, supraglottic–glottic, and glottic–subglottic tumors. Seven of 13 patients (54%) with positive or indeterminate margins were local recurrence‐free compared to 68 of 77 (88%) patients with negative margins.ConclusionsGiven sample size considerations, this study highlights the satisfactory oncologic outcomes of TLM‐treated glottic cancer and the potential importance of margin management and disease extension within the larynx.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:597–604, 2017
The influence of subway station design on noise levels
Authors: Shah Ravi R. , Suen Jonathan J. , Cellum Ilana P. , Spitzer Jaclyn B. , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the impact of subway station design on platform noise levels.Study DesignObservational.MethodsContinuous A‐weighted decibel (dBA) sound levels were recorded in 20 New York City subway stations, where trains entered on either a straight track or curved track in 10 stations each. Equivalent continuous noise levels (Leq) at various locations on the boarding platform (inbound end, midplatform, and outbound end) during train entry and exit were compared between the straight and curved stations in broadband as well as narrow one‐third octave bands.ResultsOverall, curved stations trended louder than straight stations, although the difference in broadband Leq did not reach statistical significance (curve, 83.4 dBA; straight, 82.6 dBA; P = .054). Noise levels were significantly louder at the inbound end of the platform during train entry (inbound, 89.7 dBA; mid, 85.5 dBA; outbound, 78.7 dBA; P < .001) and at the outbound end during train exit (inbound, 79.7 dBA; mid, 85.3 dBA; outbound, 89.1 dBA; P < .001). Narrow band analysis showed that curved stations were significantly louder than straight stations at 100 Hz and high frequencies from 8 to 20 kHz. Peak impact levels ranged from 104 to 121 dBA.ConclusionsCurved stations have a different noise profile compared to straight stations and are significantly louder than straight stations at high frequencies. Designing stations with straight tracks within the platform can help reduce commuter noise exposure.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:1169–1174, 2017
Surgical management of bilateral vocal fold paralysis: A cost‐effectiveness comparison of two treatments
Authors: Naunheim Matthew R. , Song Phillip C. , Franco Ramon A. , Alkire Blake C. , Shrime Mark G. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives/HypothesisEndoscopic management of bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) includes cordotomy and arytenoidectomy, and has become a well‐accepted alternative to tracheostomy. However, the costs and quality‐of‐life benefits of endoscopic management have not been examined with formal economic analysis. This study undertakes a cost‐effectiveness analysis of tracheostomy versus endoscopic management of BVFP.Study DesignCost‐effectiveness analysis.MethodsA literature review identified a range of costs and outcomes associated with surgical options for BVFP. Additional costs were derived from Medicare reimbursement data; all were adjusted to 2014 dollars. Cost‐effectiveness analysis evaluated both therapeutic strategies in short‐term and long‐term scenarios. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was used to assess confidence levels regarding the economic evaluation.ResultsThe incremental cost effectiveness ratio for endoscopic management versus tracheostomy is $31,600.06 per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY), indicating that endoscopic management is the cost‐effective short‐term strategy at a willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) threshold of $50,000/QALY. The probability that endoscopic management is more cost‐effective than tracheostomy at this WTP is 65.1%. Threshold analysis demonstrated that the model is sensitive to both utilities and cost in the short‐term scenario. When costs of long‐term care are included, tracheostomy is dominated by endoscopic management, indicating the cost‐effectiveness of endoscopic management at any WTP.ConclusionsEndoscopic management of BVFP appears to be more cost‐effective than tracheostomy. Though endoscopic cordotomy and arytenoidectomy require expertise and specialized equipment, this model demonstrates utility gains and long‐term cost advantages to an endoscopic strategy. These findings are limited by the relative paucity of robust utility data and emphasize the need for further economic analysis in otolaryngology.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:691–697, 2017
The use of injectable calcium hydroxylapatite in the surgically pretreated larynx with glottal insufficiency
Authors: Caffier Philipp P. , I. Nasr Ahmed , Weikert Sebastian , Rummich Julius , Gross Manfred , Nawka Tadeus 
Published: August 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the efficacy of vocal fold (VF) augmentation with calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) microspheres in the surgically pretreated larynx with glottal insufficiency.Study DesignProspective clinical pilot study.MethodsAfter several prior reconstructive attempts (following tumor resection, VF paralysis, in sulcus vocalis, and VF scarring), CaHA was injected under general anaesthesia using a transoral microlaryngoscopic approach in 10 patients with residual glottal insufficiency ≤1.5 mm. The postinterventional result was assessed after 1 day, and 1 and 3 months. Evaluation of augmentation comprised intraoperative video/photo documentation, pre‐/postoperative videolaryngostroboscopy, as well as established subjective and objective voice function diagnostics (Grade, Roughness, Breathiness [GRB] Scale; Voice Handicap Index; voice range profile; and acoustic‐aerodynamic analysis).ResultsIn the pretreated VF with no or minimal lamina propria remaining, the exact placement of CaHA was not possible due to unpredictable propagation into the scarred tissue. The results showed an insufficient postoperative augmentation. Accordingly, the voice function did not improve. However, a significant increase of the vocal range from 6.2 ± 3.2 to 8.7 ± 3.9 semitones was observed in the speaking voice profile (P =.02). All other acoustic and aerodynamic parameters remained on the whole unchanged; the slight differences between pre‐ and postoperative findings were not significant.ConclusionsThe application of CaHA in the surgically pretreated scarred larynx is not reliable to achieve a sufficient glottal closure and a satisfactory improvement of voice. Though CaHA is a welcome addition to our armamentarium against glottal insufficiency, the suitability for augmentation of scar tissue in the larynx must be considered carefully in each individual case.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:1125–1130, 2017
Safety of LigaSure in recurrent laryngeal nerve dissection‐porcine model using continuous monitoring
Authors: Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Chiang Feng‐Yu , Kim Hoon Yub , Randolph Gregory W. , Mangano Alberto , Chang Pi‐Ying , Lu I‐Cheng , Lin Yi‐Chu , Chen Hui‐Chun , Wu Che‐Wei 
Published: August 2016

Objectives/HypothesisThis study investigated recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) real‐time electromyography (EMG) data to define optimal safety parameters of the LigaSure Small Jaw (LSJ) instrument during thyroidectomy.Study DesignProspective animal model.MethodsDynamic EMG tracings were recorded from 32 RLNs (16 piglets) during various applications of LSJ around using continuous electrophysiologic monitoring. At varying distances from the RLN, the LSJ was activated (activation study). The LSJ was also applied to the RLN at timed intervals after activation and after a cooling maneuver through placement on the sternocleidomastoid muscle (cooling study).ResultsIn the activation study, there was no adverse EMG event at 2 to 5 mm distance (16 RLNs, 96 tests). In the cooling study, there was no adverse EMG event after 2‐second cooling time (16 RLNs, 96 tests) or after the LSJ cooling maneuver on the surrounding muscle before reaching the RLNs (8 RLNs, 24 tests).ConclusionBased on EMG functional assessment, the safe distance for LSJ activation was 2 mm. Further LSJ–RLN contact was safe if the LSJ was cooled for more than 2 seconds or cooled by touch muscle maneuver. The LSJ should be used with these distance and time parameters in mind to avoid RLN injury.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 127:1724–1729, 2017
Poly(ethylene imine)‐Triggered Morphological Change of Anisotropic Micelles from Direct Aqueous Self‐Assembly of an Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer
Authors: Wu Gang , Chen Si‐Chong , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: August 2016

In this paper, “star anise”‐like anisotropic micelle (AM) from direct aqueous self‐assembly of poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(p‐dioxanone) amphiphilic diblock copolymer is presented. By adding poly(ethylene imine) (PEI), the AM shows morphological change from “star anise” to swollen sphere. The mechanism of PEI‐triggered morphological transition involving complexation and weakening of crystallizability is revealed.
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Dual Stimuli Responsive Gelatin‐CNT Hybrid Films as a Versatile Tool for the Delivery of Anionic Drugs
Authors: Cirillo Giuseppe , Curcio Manuela , Vittorio Orazio , Spizzirri Umile Gianfranco , Nicoletta Fiore Pasquale , Picci Nevio , Hampel Silke , Iemma Francesca 
Published: August 2016

Hybrid hydrogel films able to modulate the release of anionic species, ketoprofen (Ket) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), as a function of their molecular size are prepared by UV‐induced polymerization of methacrylated gelatin in the presence of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT_COOH). The dual‐stimuli responsive composites can modulate the release in response to the variation of temperature and the application of an external voltage. Drug release profiles, analyzed by mathematical models, show that different temperatures (25 and 45 °C) and applied voltages (0 and 36 V) have a different effect on the release of the two therapeutics. Ket release is enhanced at 45 °C (77% vs 22% at 25 °C) with the maximum value recorded when 36 V is applied (94%). An increase in the amount of released BSA is recorded at 45 °C (96% vs 50% at 25 °C), while the application of the external voltage reduces this value (39%).image
Comparison of Huntington's Disease in Europe and North America
Authors: Orth Michael , Bronzova Juliana , Tritsch Christine , Ray Dorsey E. , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Gemperli Armin ,   the EHDN REGISTRY and HSG COHORT Investigators
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn a rare disorder such as Huntington's disease (HD), a global network of clinical trial sites with access to patients speeds up recruitment into clinical trials. The objective was to test the hypothesis that demographics, HTT genotype, clinical spectrum, and progression are similar in HD participants of two large observational HD studies, the European Huntington's Disease Network's European REGISTRY study and the North American COHORT study.MethodsREGISTRY cross‐sectional data were available from a total of 7,384 participants (1,125 [15.2%] premanifest and 6,259 [84.8%] manifest HD). COHORT cross‐sectional data from 1,499 participants at 44 study sites were available (175 pre‐HD [11.7%], 1,324 manifest HD [88.3%]). Participants were assessed clinically using the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS). Longitudinal data were available for total motor score and cognitive performance in more than 50% of REGISTRY participants and more than 70% of COHORT participants.ResultsDemographics, HTT genotypes, phenotype, and progression were similar in the two studies. Patients in Europe were prescribed antidyskinetics more frequently, and antidepressants less frequently, than in North America. In either study, participants on antidyskinetic medication had higher UHDRS total motor scores, worse function assessment scores, and worse cognitive scores than those taking antidepressants or no medication. In contrast, motor, function assessment, and cognitive scores were broadly similar in participants taking antidepressants or no medication. The differences in cognitive performances between languages were small.ConclusionsOur data suggest that HD patients, and the way they are assessed, are similar across two continents with different cultures and languages.
Optimizing functional upper extremity reconstruction—Simultaneous free anterolateral thigh flap and tendon transfers—A case report
Authors: Sorice Sarah C. , Press Barry , Momeni Arash 
Published: August 2016

AbstractComposite upper extremity defects involving muscle–tendon units are amongst the most formidable reconstructive challenges and mandate functional restoration in addition to stable soft‐tissue coverage. Here, the authors present a case of a composite defect involving the extensor muscle–tendon units of the forearm resulting from surgical resection of a recurrent Merkel cell cancer. Functional restoration was achieved via multiple tendon transfers followed by soft tissue coverage with a free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. No donor‐ or recipient‐site complications were encountered and complete flap survival was noted. Following a 6‐week period of immobilization, physical therapy and range of motion exercises were initiated. Excellent functional outcome and high patient satisfaction were noted at 8 weeks postoperatively. In summary, simultaneous tendon transfers and microsurgical tissue transfer may provide a potentially superior approach for upper extremity reconstruction in complex composite defects. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:71–74, 2017.
Dynamic Monte Carlo Simulation of thel,l‐Lactide Ring‐Opening Polymerization
Authors: Meimaroglou Dimitrios , Pladis Prokopios , Kiparissides Costas 
Published: August 2016

In the present study, a comprehensive theoretical kinetic investigation of the homopolymerization ofl,l‐lactide in the presence of stannous octoate Sn(Oct)2as initiator for the synthesis of high‐molecular weight polylactide is carried out using the stochastic Monte Carlo (MC) numerical method. A comprehensive mathematical model is developed based on a detailed kinetic mechanism to predict the dynamic evolution of monomer conversion and molecular weight distribution. The validity of the implemented kinetic model and the accuracy of the produced simulation results are assessed via a direct comparison with theoretical predictions of the average molecular properties by the method of moments as well as with available experimental data. The effects of monomer to initiator molar ratio and polymerization temperature on the polymerization rate and average molecular weight properties of polylactide are studied.image
Decline in artificial urinary sphincter survival in modern practice—do we treat a different patient?
Authors: Farag Fawzy , van der Doelen Maarten , van Breda Jetske , D'Hauwers Kathleen , Heesakkers John 
Published: August 2016

AimOver the past few years, we have been doing an increasing number of revisions for artificial urinary sphincters (AUS) at our center. The study aims to investigate reason for this change in our practice.MethodsDemographics and surgical outcomes of patients who received AUS in 2003–2014 at our center were retrospectively evaluated, and patients were contacted to check the current status of their AUS. The outcomes of the study were: percentage of revisions and explanation, survival, and the risk factors associated with these events.ResultsA total of 102 patients (72 years (30–87)) underwent 214 procedures: 99 primary implants, 11 secondary implants, 84 revisions, and 20 explantations—median follow‐up was 54 months (5–146). The 5‐years and 10‐years revision‐free survival for AUS were 47% and 23%, respectively. The 5 and 10 years explantation‐free survival were 77% and 72%, respectively. The median time to revision for AUS implanted in 2010–2014 was shorter than in AUS implanted in 2003–2009 (6 vs. 13.5 months, P = 0.08). The percentage of AUS that were preceded by urethral surgery for incontinence was significantly higher in AUS implanted in 2010–2014 than in those implanted in 2003–2009 (19% vs. 63%, P = 0.001). The percentage of patients with AUS who received radiotherapy in the past 5 years was higher than in 2003–2009 (53% vs. 30%, P = 0.09).ConclusionsIn modern urological practice, more exposure to RT and previous surgeries for incontinence are associated with increased risk for revision with decline in AUS survival.
Localizing gradient damage model with decreasing interactions
Authors: Poh Leong Hien , Sun Gang 
Published: August 2016

SummaryNonlocal integral and/or gradient enhancements are widely used to resolve the mesh dependency issue with standard continuum damage models. However, it is reported that whereas the structural response is mesh independent, a spurious damage growth is observed. Accordingly, a class of modified nonlocal enhancements is developed in literature, where the interaction domain increases with damage. In this contribution, we adopt a contrary view that the interaction domain decreases with damage. This is motivated by the fact that the fracture of quasi‐brittle materials typically starts as a diffuse network of microcracks, before localizing into a macroscopic crack. To ensure thermodynamics consistency, the micromorphic theory is adopted in the model development. The ensuing microforce balance resembles closely the Helmholtz expression in a conventional gradient damage model. The superior performance of the localizing gradient damage model is demonstrated through a one‐dimensional problem, as well as mode I and II failure in plane deformation. For all three cases, a localized deformation band at material failure is obtained. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.