bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of cantilever vibration using impedance-loaded surface acoustic wave sensor
Authors: Oishi Masaki , Hamashima Hiromitsu , Kondoh Jun 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this study, an impedance-loaded surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor was demonstrated to monitor the vibration frequency. Commercialized pressure sensors and a variable capacitor were chosen as external sensors, which were connected to a reflector on a SAW device. As the reflection coefficient of the reflector depended on the impedance, the echo amplitude was influenced by changes in the impedance of the external sensor. The vibration frequency of the cantilever was determined by monitoring the echo amplitude of the SAW device. Moreover, the attenuation constant of an envelope was estimated. The results of our feasibility study indicate that the impedance-loaded SAW sensor can be applied as a detector for structural health monitoring.
Enhancement of effective electromechanical coupling factor by mass loading in layered surface acoustic wave device structures
Authors: Tang Gongbin , Han Tao , Teshigahara Akihiko , Iwaki Takao , Hashimoto Ken-ya 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper describes a drastic enhancement of the effective coupling factor

by mass loading in layered surface acoustic wave (SAW) device structures such as the ScAlN film/Si substrate structure. This phenomenon occurs when the piezoelectric layer exhibits a high acoustic wave velocity. The mass loading decreases the SAW velocity and causes SAW energy confinement close to the top surface where an interdigital transducer is placed. It is shown that this phenomenon is obvious even when an amorphous SiO2 film is deposited on the top surface for temperature compensation. This

enhancement was also found in various combinations of electrode, piezoelectric layer, and/or substrate materials. The existence of this phenomenon was verified experimentally using the ScAlN film/Si substrate structure.
Effect of sonotrode material on grain refining of Mg–3Al and Mg–9Al alloys by ultrasonic melt treatment
Authors: Youn Jeong IL , Lee Young Ki , Kim Young Jig , Park Jeong Wook 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The new process, nucleation enhanced ultrasonic melt treatment (NEUMT), was proposed to increase the refining efficiency through heterogeneous nucleation by using the sonotrode which has been only concerned with the medium to transfer the ultrasonic energy. In the processing, the metal atoms and/or clusters eroded from the sonotrode were supplied and were simultaneously mixed uniformly into the melt by the ultrasound. These particles act as potential nuclei and refine the structure. The process was applied to assess grain refinement of Mg alloys, especially Mg–3Al and Mg–9Al. The refining efficiency was affected by the sonotrode material, and Ti was very effective in this process by the formation of proper intermetallic compound in the Mg alloy melt. The intermetallic compound was searched by the calculation of plane disregistry of the crystallographic orientation, and Al3Ti was suggested to be the heterogeneous nuclei.
The oral microbiome of patients with axial spondyloarthritis compared to healthy individuals
Authors: Bisanz Jordan E. , Suppiah Praema , Thomson W. Murray , Milne Trudy , Yeoh Nigel , Nolan Anita , Ettinger Grace , Reid Gregor , Gloor Gregory B. , Burton Jeremy P. , Cullinan Mary P. , Stebbings Simon M. 
Published: June 2016

Background.A loss of mucosal tolerance to the resident microbiome has been postulated in the aetiopathogenesis of spondyloarthritis, thus the purpose of these studies was to investigate microbial communities that colonise the oral cavity of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) and to compare these with microbial profiles of a matched healthy population.Methods.Thirty-nine participants, 17 patients with AxSpA and 22 age and gender-matched disease-free controls were recruited to the study. For patients with AxSpA, disease activity was assessed using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). All participants underwent a detailed dental examination to assess oral health, including the presence of periodontal disease assessed using probing pocket depth (PPD). Plaque samples were obtained and their bacterial populations were profiled using Ion Torrent sequencing of the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene.Results.Patients with AxSpA had active disease (BASDAI 4.1 ± 2.1 [mean ± SD]), and a significantly greater prevalence of periodontitis (PPD ≥ 4 mm at ≥4 sites) than controls. Bacterial communities did not differ between the two groups with multiple metrics ofαandβdiversity considered. Analysis of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and higher levels of taxonomic assignment did not provide strong evidence of any single taxa associated with AxSpA in the subgingival plaque.Discussion.Although 16S rRNA gene sequencing did not identify specific bacterial profiles associated with AxSpA, there remains the potential for the microbiota to exert functional and metabolic influences in the oral cavity which could be involved in the pathogenesis of AxSpA.
Symptoms of depression, sadness and sense of coherence (coping) among cognitively intact older people with cancer living in nursing homes—a mixed-methods study
Authors: Drageset Jorunn , Eide Geir Egil , Hauge Solveig 
Published: June 2016

Background:Symptoms of depression are often reported among patients with a cancer diagnosis. Strong sense of coherence (SOC) is shown to be associated with less depression in the general older population and among nursing homes (NH) residents in particular. Knowledge about mixed-methods perspectives that examine symptoms of depression and SOC among cognitively intact NH residents with cancer is scarce.Aim:To investigate symptoms of depression and SOC among NH residents who are cognitively intact and have cancer.Methods:We used a quantitatively driven mixed-methods design with sequential supplementary qualitative components. We facilitated the collection of quantitative survey data of 60 NH residents (≥ 65 years) with cancer using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and SOC scale. The supplementary psychosocial component comprised qualitative research interviews about experiences related to depression with nine respondents from the same cohort.Results:In fully adjusted multiple regression analysis of the sociodemographic variables, the GDS was significantly correlated with SOC (P< 0.001). The experience of sadness was identified by the following theme: sadness. Coping with the experience of symptoms of depression was dominated by coping with sadness.Conclusion:More than half the NH residents reported symptoms of depression, and the SOC was associated with reduced symptoms. A mixed-methods design contributed to nuanced and detailed information about the meaning of depression, and the supplementary component informs and supports the core component. To improve the situation of NH residents with cancer, more attention should be paid to the residents’ experience of symptoms of depression and their SOC.
Does ecophysiology mediate reptile responses to fire regimes? Evidence from Iberian lizards
Authors: Ferreira Catarina C. , Santos Xavier , Carretero Miguel A. 
Published: June 2016

Background.Reptiles are sensitive to habitat disturbance induced by wildfires, but some species frequently show opposing responses. The functional causes of such variability have been scarcely explored. In the northernmost limit of the Mediterranean bioregion, a lizard species of Mediterranean affinity (Psammodromus algirusandPodarcis guadarramae) increase in abundance in burnt areas whereas Atlantic species (Lacerta schreiberiandPodarcis bocagei) decrease.Timon lepidus, the largest Mediterranean lizard in the region, shows mixed responses depending on the locality and fire history. We tested whether such interspecific differences are of a functional nature; namely, if ecophysiological traits may determine lizard response to fire. Based on the variation in habitat structure between burnt and unburnt sites, we hypothesise that the Mediterranean species, which increase density in open habitats promoted by frequent fire regimes, should be more thermophile and suffer lower water losses than Atlantic species.Methods.We submitted 6–10 adult males of the five species to standard experiments for assessing preferred body temperatures (Tp) and evaporativewater loss rates (EWL), and examined the variation among species and along time by means of repeated-measures AN(C)OVAs.Results.Results only partially supported our initial expectations, since the medium-sizedP. algirusclearly attained higherTpand lower EWL. The two small wall lizards (P. bocageiandP. guadarramae) displayed lowTpand high EWL while the two large green lizards (T. lepidusandL. schreiberi) displayed intermediate values for both parameters.Discussion.The predicted differences according to the biogeographic affinities within each pair were not fully confirmed. We conclude that ecophysiology may help to understand functional reptile responses to fire but other biological traits are also to be considered.
Role of finite ionospheric conductivity on toroidal field line oscillations in the Earth's magnetosphere—Analytic solutions
Authors: Bulusu Jayashree , Sinha A. K. , Vichare Geeta 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn analytic solution has been formulated to study the role of ionospheric conductivity on toroidal field line oscillations in the Earth's magnetosphere. The effect of ionospheric conductivity is addressed in two limits, viz, (a) when conductance of Alfvén wave is much different from ionospheric Pedersen conductance and (b) when conductance of Alfvén wave is close to the ionospheric Pedersen conductance. In the former case, the damping is not significant and standing wave structures are formed. However, in the latter case, the damping is significant leading to mode translation. Conventionally, “rigid‐end” and “free‐end” cases refer to eigenstructures for infinitely large and vanishingly small limit of ionospheric conductivity, respectively. The present work shows that when the Pedersen conductance overshoots (undershoots) the Alfvén wave conductance, a free‐end (rigid‐end) mode gets transformed to rigid‐end (free‐end) mode with an increase (decrease) in harmonic number. This transformation takes place within a small interval of ionospheric Pedersen conductance around Alfvén wave conductance, beyond which the effect of conductivity on eigenstructures of field line oscillations is small. This regime of conductivity limit (the difference between upper and lower limits of the interval) decreases with increase in harmonic number. Present paper evaluates the damping effect for density index other than the standard density index m = 6, using perturbation technique. It is found that for a small departure from m = 6, both mode frequency and damping rate become a function of Pedersen conductivity.
Quantifying the inversion accuracy of simplified physical models for the nighttime OI 135.6 nm emission
Authors: Qin Jianqi , Kamalabadi Farzad , Makela Jonathan J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA comprehensive statistical analysis is performed to investigate the effects of plasma and neutral density variability on the OI 135.6 nm emission in the nighttime ionosphere. Typical and extreme cases obtained from climatological models are incorporated into a radiative transfer model recently developed by Qin et al. (2015) to systematically quantify the production and loss of the nighttime 135.6 nm emission, as well as to understand their dependence on the ionospheric and thermospheric conditions. It is shown that mutual neutralization can contribute ∼8%–40% of the 135.6 nm emission. Radiative transfer effects due to scattering and absorption reduce the peak brightness measured from a satellite platform in the limb direction by ∼0.3% to 22%. The reduction is more significant for a larger observing zenith angle, typically by ∼45% for lines of sight that go through altitudes below ∼150 km. Furthermore, inversion results show that ignoring radiative transfer effects lead to a maximum ∼12% underestimation of the NmF2, while ignoring mutual neutralization leads to a maximum ∼30% overestimation of the NmF2. In the presence of measurement noise, the estimation accuracy decreases with a decreasing signal‐to‐noise ratio, and the errors introduced by simplified physical models lead to a significant bias in the inversion results.
Numerical modeling of intrinsically and extrinsically forced seasonal circulation in the China Seas: A kinematic study
Authors: Gan Jianping , Liu Zhiqiang , Liang Linlin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe developed a new three‐dimensional, high‐resolution ocean circulation model for the entire China Seas (CS) region. The model considered the linked physics associated with the western boundary current, monsoonal wind, and tidal forcings, and topography in both the CS and the adjacent oceans. From this well‐validated model, we derived new insights into the three‐dimensional seasonal circulation of the CS in response to the intrinsic forcing of monsoonal winds and extrinsic forcing of flow exchange with adjacent oceans through the straits and over the slope around the periphery of the CS. Besides the East Asian monsoon forcing, we found that the extrinsic forcings interact coherently with each other and with the interior circulation to jointly shape the CS circulation. Specifically, we revealed rotating layered circulation in the CS. The circulation in the South China Sea has a vertical cyclonic‐anticyclonic‐cyclonic pattern in the upper‐middle‐lower layers, which we relate to the inflow‐outflow‐inflow transport in those layers in the Luzon Strait. The circulation in the East China Sea (ECS) is characterized by a vertically variable cyclonically rotating flow, and the circulation in the Yellow Sea (YS) is represented by a cyclonic movement in the upper layer and an anticyclonic movement in the lower layer. We attribute the cross‐shelf variation of the along‐shelf current to the ECS circulation pattern, while the vertically variable intrusive current at the central trough, together with the seasonally varied west and east coastal currents, shape the two‐layer circulation in the YS.
Robust particle filter formulations with application to terrain‐aided navigation
Authors: Teixeira Francisco Curado , Quintas João , Maurya Pramod , Pascoal António 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe work described in this paper is motivated by the need to develop efficient and robust estimation filters with application to terrain‐aided navigation of underwater robotic vehicles. One of the main problems addressed is the development of navigation particle filters that can deal with the scarcity of landmarks and the terrain ambiguity that characterize vast regions of the ocean floor. As a contribution to solve this problem, the paper proposes three novel particle filter algorithms and assesses their estimation efficiency and robustness to non‐informative measurements using two well‐known benchmarking tests. The performance of the new filters in these tests demonstrates their potential to solve a class of nonlinear problems that include, but are not limited to, the type of underwater navigation problem that motivated the present work. Our study concludes by examining the performance of the filters in terms of determining the position and velocity of an autonomous underwater vehicle in the presence of unknown ocean currents. When applied to terrain‐aided navigation, the novel particle filter formulations formulations mitigate filter divergence issues frequently caused by terrain symmetries and are more robust than other well‐known versions when used in scenarios with poor terrain information. The theoretical developments presented and the results obtained in simulations are validated using real data acquired during tests with an autonomous marine robot. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analyzing the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test using item response theory
Authors: Crump R. Trafford , Liu Guiping , Janjua Arif , Sutherland Jason M. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) is a widely applied patient‐reported outcome instrument used to assess the severity of symptoms associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurement performance of the SNOT‐22 instrument on an item‐level basis, in a sample of patients awaiting elective surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis.MethodsThis study involved secondary analysis of SNOT‐22 data that was prospectively collected from patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis and awaiting endoscopic sinus surgery in Vancouver, Canada. This study used classic test theory and a 2‐parameter graded‐response model to evaluate the SNOT‐22 items’ abilities to measure the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis in terms of patients’ self‐reported symptoms. This approach models each item's discriminability and difficulty, which provides insight into how well they respectively measure symptoms related to chronic rhinosinusitis.ResultsFactor analyses indicated that there are 5 domains of measurement in the SNOT‐22. The majority of items demonstrated strong discriminability between symptom severities. Likewise, most of the items demonstrated strong difficulty measuring the symptoms across their range of levels. The exception was those items related to psychological symptoms. Differential item functioning demonstrated that very few of the SNOT‐22 items were answered significantly differently by gender or age subgroups.ConclusionThis item‐level analysis demonstrates that, in general, the SNOT‐22 is a strong instrument. Items related to psychological symptoms require further investigation and warrant a supplemental patient‐reported outcome instrument.
Normalization of network connectivity in hemispatial neglect recovery
Authors: Ramsey Lenny E. , Siegel Joshua S. , Baldassarre Antonello , Metcalf Nicholas V. , Zinn Kristina , Shulman Gordon L. , Corbetta Maurizio 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveWe recently reported that spatial and nonspatial attention deficits in stroke patients with hemispatial neglect are correlated at 2 weeks postonset with widespread alterations of interhemispheric and intrahemispheric functional connectivity (FC) measured with resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging across multiple brain networks. The mechanisms underlying neglect recovery are largely unknown. In this study, we test the hypothesis that recovery of hemispatial neglect correlates with a return of network connectivity toward a normal pattern, herein defined as “network normalization.”MethodsWe measured attention deficits with a neuropsychological battery and FC in a large cohort of stroke patients at, on average, 2 weeks (n = 99), 3 months (n = 77), and 12 months (n = 64) postonset. The relationship between behavioral improvement and changes in FC was analyzed both in terms of a priori regions and networks known to be abnormal subacutely and in a data‐driven manner.ResultsAttention deficit recovery was mostly complete by 3 months and was significantly correlated with a normalization of abnormal FC across many networks. Improvement of attention deficits, independent of initial severity, was correlated with improvements of previously depressed interhemispheric FC across attention, sensory, and motor networks, and a restoration of the normal anticorrelation between dorsal attention/motor regions and default‐mode/frontoparietal regions, particularly in the damaged hemisphere.InterpretationThese results demonstrate that abnormal network connectivity in hemispatial neglect is behaviorally relevant. A return toward normal network interactions, and presumably optimal information processing, is therefore a systems‐level mechanism that is associated with improvements of attention over time after focal injury. Ann Neurol 2016;80:127–141
Germaniumbasierte Nanomaterialien für wiederaufladbare Batterien
Authors: Wu Songping , Han Cuiping , Iocozzia James , Lu Mingjia , Ge Rongyun , Xu Rui , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGermaniumbasierte Nanomaterialien haben sich wegen ihrer einzigartigen chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften zu wichtigen Kandidaten für die nächste Generation von Energiespeichersystemen entwickelt. In diesem Aufsatz stellen wir den aktuellen Stand der Forschung hinsichtlich des Designs, der Synthese, der Verarbeitung und der Anwendung von germaniumbasierten Materialien in der Batterietechnologie vor. Außerdem fassen wir die jüngsten Fortschritte im Bereich der Ge‐basierten Nanokomposit‐Elektrodenmaterialien und Elektrolyte für Festkörperbatterien zusammen. Schließlich diskutieren wir die Grenzen von Ge‐basierten Materialien für Energiespeicheranwendungen und stellen – mit Schwerpunkt auf kommerziellen Produkten und theoretischen Untersuchungen – Überlegungen an, in welche Richtung sich die Forschung weiterbewegen könnte.
Synthesis of Discrete Alkyl‐Silica Hybrid Nanowires and Their Assembly into Nanostructured Superhydrophobic Membranes
Authors: Yi Deliang , Xu Chenglong , Tang Ruidie , Zhang Xuehua , Caruso Frank , Wang Yajun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report the synthesis of highly flexible and mechanically robust hybrid silica nanowires (NWs) which can be used as novel building blocks to construct superhydrophobic functional materials with three‐dimensional macroporous networks. The hybrid silica NWs, with an average diameter of 80 nm and tunable length of up to 12 μm, are prepared by anisotropic deposition of the hydrolyzed tetraethylorthosilicate in water/n‐pentanol emulsions. A mechanistic investigation reveals that the trimethoxy(octadecyl)silane introduced to the water‐oil interface in the synthesis plays key roles in stabilizing the water droplets to sub‐100 nm and also growing a layer of octadecyl groups on the NW surface. This work opens a solution‐based route for the one‐pot preparation of monodisperse, hydrophobic silica NWs and represents an important step toward the bottom‐up construction of 3D superhydrophobic materials and macroporous membranes.
A review on the important aspects of lipase immobilization on nanomaterials
Authors: Shuai Weitao , Das Ratul Kumar , Naghdi Mitra , Brar Satinder Kaur , Verma Mausam 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLipase is one of the most widely used enzymes and plays an important role in biotechnological and industrial processes including food, paper, and oleochemical industries, as well as in pharmaceutical applications. However, its aqueous solubility and instability make its application relatively difficult and expensive. The immobilization technique is often used to improve lipase performance, and the strategy has turned out to be a promising method. Immobilized lipase on nanomaterials (NMs) has shown superiority to the free lipase, such as improved thermal and pH stability, longer stable time, and the capacity of being reused. However, immobilization of lipase on NMs also sometimes causes activity loss and protein loading is relatively lowered under some conditions. The overall performance of immobilized lipase on NMs is influenced by mechanisms of immobilization, type of NMs being used, and physicochemical features of the used NMs (such as particle size, aggregation behavior, NM dimension, and type of coupling/modifying agents being used). Based on the specific features of lipase and NMs, this review discusses the recent developments, some mechanisms, and influence of NMs on lipase immobilization and their activity. Multiple application potential of the immobilized lipases has also been considered.