bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Infantis Strain SPE101, Isolated from a Chronic Human Infection
Authors: Iriarte Andrés , Giner-Lamia Joaquín , Silva Claudia , Betancor Laura , Astocondor Lizeth , Cestero Juan J. , Ochoa Theresa , García Coralith , Puente José L. , Chabalgoity José A. ,   The SalmoIber CYTED Network, García-del Portillo Francisco 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

We report a 4.99-Mb draft genome sequence of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Infantis strain SPE101, isolated from feces of a 5-month-old breast-fed female showing diarrhea associated with severe dehydration and malnutrition. The infection prolonged for 6 months despite antibiotic treatment.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three phi29-Like Bacillus cereus Group
Podoviridae
Authors: Erill Ivan , Caruso Steven M. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Three double-stranded DNA phi29-like
Bacillus cereus
group bacteriophages, BeachBum, Harambe, and SerPounce, were identified and characterized. BeachBum and Harambe are closely related but are remarkably different from previously identified phi29-like phages. SerPounce is substantially closer to other phi29-like phages, enabling the identification of its prohead RNA (pRNA) gene.
Salmonella
Intracellular Lifestyles and Their Impact on Host-to-Host Transmission
Authors: Pucciarelli M. Graciela , García-Del Portillo Francisco 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

More than a century ago, infections by
Salmonella
were already associated with foodborne enteric diseases with high morbidity in humans and cattle. Intestinal inflammation and diarrhea are hallmarks of infections caused by nontyphoidal
Salmonella
serovars, and these pathologies facilitate pathogen transmission to the environment. In those early times, physicians and microbiologists also realized that typhoid and paratyphoid fever caused by some
Salmonella
serovars could be transmitted by “carriers,” individuals outwardly healthy or at most suffering from some minor chronic complaint. In his pioneering study of the nontyphoidal serovar Typhimurium in 1967, Takeuchi published the first images of intracellular bacteria enclosed by membrane-bound vacuoles in the initial stages of the intestinal epithelium penetration. These compartments, called
Salmonella
-containing vacuoles, are highly dynamic phagosomes with differing biogenesis depending on the host cell type. Single-cell studies involving real-time imaging and gene expression profiling, together with new approaches based on genetic reporters sensitive to growth rate, have uncovered unprecedented heterogeneous responses in intracellular bacteria. Subpopulations of intracellular bacteria displaying fast, reduced, or no growth, as well as cytosolic and intravacuolar bacteria, have been reported in both
in vitro
and
in vivo
infection models. Recent investigations, most of them focused on the serovar Typhimurium, point to the selection of persisting bacteria inside macrophages or following an autophagy attack in fibroblasts. Here, we discuss these heterogeneous intracellular lifestyles and speculate on how these disparate behaviors may impact host-to-host transmissibility of
Salmonella
serovars.
Effect of repeated testing on equine helmet impact attenuation
Authors: Mattacola Carl G , Johnston Jeff , Han Dong (Dan) Y , Glueck Amanda , Abt John , Heebner Nick 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo test equestrian helmets commonly used in the United States and determine the impact absorbing ability after multiple (4) impacts to the crown.SettingLaboratory.Patients or other participantsSeven helmets were tested.InterventionsA Cadex helmet drop tower was used to perform the testing. Impact velocities were measured using a calibrated Velocimeter (Time Gate) fixed to the drop tower. Impact acceleration measurements were obtained using a PCB Piezotronics accelerometer with Cadex Impact Setup software V 6.8.Main outcome measuresImpact attenuation testing was performed on the helmets in accordance with ASTM F1163, dated 2013. No individual acceleration was to exceed 300 G (gravitational constant). The helmets were impacted four times on the crown location and were x-rayed before testing and after Impact No. 1 and 4.ResultsOne helmet (a caliente style helmet) failed after one impact (> 923 G). Only one helmet passed (< 300 Peak G) after four consecutive impacts. Acceleration peaks of 5 helmets passed after 2 impacts but were >300 peak G for impacts 4 and 5. While 6 of the helmets met ASTM standards following 2 impacts, average increases in peak G were 15.9%–43.2% between the first and second impact.ConclusionsBased on the results of this research, equine helmets should be replaced after an initial contact and most are incapable of meeting ASTM standards after two impacts. Caliente style helmets failed established guidelines after one impact and are not effective for reducing peak acceleration when compared to established standards.Competing interestsNone.
WHAT SEPARATES AN INDIVIDUAL AT RISK OF ACL INJURY? A FIRST STEP TOWARDS AN ACL-RISK MOVEMENT PASSPORT
Authors: Sharir Raihana , Vanrenterghem Jos , Robinson Mark , George Keith 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundSeveral prospective studies have suggested biomechanical risk factors for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Ideally an individual at risk should be ranked at risk across a variety of dynamic tasks, with robust risk factors deserving an entry in the individual's “ACL risk movement passport”.ObjectiveTo determine if key prospective ACL risk factors rank individuals consistently across a variety of dynamic sporting tasks.DesignControlled laboratory study.SettingBiomechanics laboratory, Liverpool John Moores University.Patients (or Participants)Forty-one female athletes regularly participating in dynamic sports.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)5 trials of bilateral drop vertical jumps (DVJB), single-leg hops (SLHOP), single-leg drop vertical jumps (DVJ) and sidestep (SS) tasks were performed on both dominant (DOM) and non-dominant (NONDOM) legs. Lower extremity biomechanics of each task were captured using high speed 3-dimensional motion analysis and two force platforms.Main Outcome MeasurementsKnee abduction angle (KAA) and knee flexion angle (KFA) at initial contact, peak knee abduction moment (KAM), and peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) were extracted and population rankings were compared using Spearman's correlations.ResultsModerate to good correlations were observed for KAA (ρ=0.481–0.827) whereas all other variables showed low to moderate correlations (ρ<0.39). DVJ and SLHOP showed moderate to high rank correlations across all risk factors. There were no systematic differences in correlation patterns between DOM and NONDOM trials.ConclusionsFrom the existing risk factors, KAA showed most potential to providing a robust item on an individual's ACL risk movement passport. To help guide future identification of biomechanical risk factors of ACL injury, other robust ACL risk movement passport entries that show more consistent rankings across tasks deserve preference over entries that are highly task specific.
MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURY RATES IN MULTIDAY MARATHON RUNNERS PERFORMING A REPEAT COURSE
Authors: Small Katie , Smith Adam , Nicola Relph 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundUltramarathon events are increasingly popular amongst non-elite athletes. However, there is little research investigating musculoskeletal injury rates, specifically multiday events using the same racing route.ObjectiveTo describe musculoskeletal injury rates in runners completing ten marathons over ten consecutive days.DesignObservational.SettingSports-injury clinic.Participants27 athletes entered the study (age 45.1±7.47 yrs, mass 74.5±12.39 kg, years running 11.6±9.42 yrs, average weekly mileage 41.9±12.72 miles). 26 athletes completed all 10 marathons on a repeat, anti-clockwise, circular road course. One athlete withdrew due to serious injury.Main Outcome MeasurementsMusculoskeletal injuries were recorded by trained medical staff three times each day. An injury audit questionnaire was used to document injury rate, type and location. Injuries were defined as a specific musculoskeletal abnormality that the runner perceived to effect performance.Results26 athletes sustained 108 injuries, averaging 4 injuries per athlete. 89% of injuries involved the lower extremity, 24.1% occurred in the foot, 18.5% the hip/buttock, 16.7% the ankle and 16.7% in the lower leg. The most common injuries were blisters (15.7%), Achilles tendinitis (11.1%), medial tibial stress syndrome (10.2%), iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) (9.3%) and low back pain (LBP) (9.3%). 64.3% of injuries were sustained to the left limb. Chi-squared analysis revealed more injuries in days 1–3 than days 4–6 (p=0.013) and days 7–10 (p=0.001).ConclusionsLower extremity injuries are highly likely in multiday marathon running; the most common being blisters, Achilles tendinitis, medial tibial stress syndrome, ITBS and LBP. Athletes entering these events should engage in appropriate injury prevention programmes. The majority of injuries were sustained to the left limb and during the first three days. Multiday marathon event organisers should consider alternating route direction to reduce injury risk; potentially the result of prolonged, altered gait biomechanics. However, further investigation of injury risk factors using larger sample sizes is required.
A review of rate control in atrial fibrillation, and the rationale and protocol for the RATE-AF trial
Authors: Kotecha Dipak , Calvert Melanie , Deeks Jonathan J , Griffith Michael , Kirchhof Paulus , Lip Gregory YH , Mehta Samir , Slinn Gemma , Stanbury Mary , Steeds Richard P , Townend Jonathan N 
Published: July 2017

Background and objectiveAtrial fibrillation (AF) is common and causes impaired quality of life, an increased risk of stroke and death as well as frequent hospital admissions. The majority of patients with AF require control of heart rate. In this article, we summarise the limited evidence from clinical trials that guides prescription, and present the rationale and protocol for a new randomised trial. As rate control has not yet been shown to reduce mortality, there is a clear need to compare the impact of therapy on quality of life, cardiac function and exercise capacity. Such a trial should concentrate on the long-term effects of treatment in the largest proportion of patients with AF, those with symptomatic permanent AF, with the aim of improving patient well-being.Design and interventionThe RAte control Therapy Evaluation in permanent Atrial Fibrillation (RATE-AF) trial will enrol 160 participants with a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end point design comparing initial rate control with digoxin or bisoprolol. This will be the first head-to-head randomised trial of digoxin and beta-blockers in AF.ParticipantsRecruited patients will be aged ≥60 years with permanent AF and symptoms of breathlessness (equivalent to New York Heart Association class II or above), with few exclusion criteria to maximise generalisability to routine clinical practice.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome is patient-reported quality of life, with secondary outcomes including echocardiographic ventricular function, exercise capacity and biomarkers of cellular and clinical response. Follow-up will occur at 6 and 12 months, with feasibility components to inform the design of a future trial powered to detect a difference in hospital admission. The RATE-AF trial will underpin an integrated approach to management including biomarkers, functions and symptoms that will guide future research into optimal, personalised rate control in patients with AF.Ethics and disseminationEast Midlands-Derby Research Ethics Committee (16/EM/0178); peer-reviewed publications.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov:NCT02391337; ISRCTN: 95259705. Pre-results.
The effects of physical activity interventions on glycated haemoglobin A1c in non-diabetic populations: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cavero-Redondo I , Peleteiro B , Álvarez-Bueno C , Garrido-Miguel M , Artero E G , Martinez-Vizcaino V 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionEpidemiological evidence suggests that physical activity has a positive effect on reducing glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels not only in diabetics, but also in healthy subjects. Moreover, a positive association of HbA1c levels with cardiovascular disease and mortality in non-diabetic populations has recently been reported. This is a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to estimate the effects of physical activity on glycaemic control measured by HbA1c levels in non-diabetic populations; and to determine which type of physical activity has a greater influence on glycaemic control.Methods and analysisThe search will be conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases from inception to mid-2017. Randomised controlled trials, non-randomised experimental studies and controlled pre–post studies written in English, Portuguese, French or Spanish will be included. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool and The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies will be used to assess the risk of bias for studies included in the systematic review. Standardised pre–post intervention mean differences of HbA1c will be calculated as the primary outcome. Subgroup analyses will be performed based on the characteristics of physical activity intervention and population included in the studies.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will synthesise evidence on the association of physical activity and HbA1c in non-diabetic populations. This study is important from the clinical and public health point because it will estimate the effect of physical activity on the glycemic control, and it will also examine which is the type of physical activity that should be recommended for preventing type 2 diabetes and its complications. The results will be disseminated by publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Ethical approval will not be required because the data used for this systematic review will be obtained from published studies and there will be no concerns about privacy.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42016050991.
A national survey of Russian physicians' knowledge of diagnosis and management of food-induced anaphylaxis
Authors: Munblit Daniel , Treneva Marina , Korsunskiy Ilya , Asmanov Alan , Pampura Alexander , Warner John O 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesFood allergy is an increasing burden worldwide and is a common problem within paediatric populations, affecting 5%–8% of children. Anaphylaxis caused by food proteins is a potentially life-threatening condition and all healthcare practitioners should be aware of its recognition and management. Russia is the largest country in Europe but it is still unknown whether physicians are prepared to diagnose and manage food-induced anaphylaxis effectively. We aimed to examine physicians’ knowledge of diagnosis and management of food-induced anaphylaxis.Setting, population and outcomesA survey was designed and published online at VrachiRF.ru website (for registered Russian-speaking practicing physicians). We obtained information on respondents’ clinical settings, experience and specialty. Survey questions were based on a characteristic clinical scenario of anaphylaxis due to food ingestion. Outcome measures consisted of correct answers to the anaphylaxis diagnosis and management questions.ResultsFrom a total of 707 of physicians accessed in the survey, 315 (45%) responded to the clinical scenario. 16 respondents reported training in allergy-immunology and have been excluded from the analysis, leaving the final sample size of 299. Respondents were paediatricians (68%) and other specialties adult physicians (32%). Overall, 100 (33%) of respondents diagnosed anaphylaxis, but only 29% of those making the correct diagnosis administered adrenalin (1:1000) intramuscular. Respondents working in secondary/tertiary clinics diagnosed anaphylaxis significantly more often (p=0.04) when compared with primary care/private practice physicians. This difference was also apparent as the most important influence on responses in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsIn this national sample of Russian physicians, we found poor knowledge in both anaphylaxis diagnosis and management. Our data show that the chance of being properly diagnosed with anaphylaxis is 33% and being appropriately treated with adrenalin is 10%. These findings highlight lack of anaphylaxis knowledge among Russian physicians, both paediatricians and other specialists and illustrates the urgent need for allergy/anaphylaxis training.
Construction of a web-based questionnaire for longitudinal investigation of work exposure, musculoskeletal pain and performance impairments in high-performance marine craft populations
Authors: Lo Martire Riccardo , de Alwis Manudul Pahansen , Äng Björn Olov , Garme Karl 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveHigh-performance marine craft personnel (HPMCP) are regularly exposed to vibration and repeated shock (VRS) levels exceeding maximum limitations stated by international legislation. Whereas such exposure reportedly is detrimental to health and performance, the epidemiological data necessary to link these adverse effects causally to VRS are not available in the scientific literature, and no suitable tools for acquiring such data exist. This study therefore constructed a questionnaire for longitudinal investigations in HPMCP.MethodsA consensus panel defined content domains, identified relevant items and outlined a questionnaire. The relevance and simplicity of the questionnaire’s content were then systematically assessed by expert raters in three consecutive stages, each followed by revisions. An item-level content validity index (I-CVI) was computed as the proportion of experts rating an item as relevant and simple, and a scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) as the average I-CVI across items. The thresholds for acceptable content validity were 0.78 and 0.90, respectively. Finally, a dynamic web version of the questionnaire was constructed and pilot tested over a 1-month period during a marine exercise in a study population sample of eight subjects, while accelerometers simultaneously quantified VRS exposure.ResultsContent domains were defined as work exposure, musculoskeletal pain and human performance, and items were selected to reflect these constructs. Ratings from nine experts yielded S-CVI/Ave of 0.97 and 1.00 for relevance and simplicity, respectively, and the pilot test suggested that responses were sensitive to change in acceleration and that the questionnaire, following some adjustments, was feasible for its intended purpose.ConclusionsA dynamic web-based questionnaire for longitudinal survey of key variables in HPMCP was constructed. Expert ratings supported that the questionnaire content is relevant, simple and sufficiently comprehensive, and the pilot test suggested that the questionnaire is feasible for longitudinal measurements in the study population.
Access and quality of maternity care for disabled women during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period in England: data from a national survey
Authors: Malouf Reem , Henderson Jane , Redshaw Maggie 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesMore disabled women are becoming mothers, and yet, their care is rarely the focus of quantitative research. This study aimed to investigate access and quality of maternity care for women with differing disabilities.DesignSecondary analysis was conducted on data from a 2015 national survey of women's experience of maternity care. Descriptive and adjusted analyses were undertaken for five disability groups: physical disability, sensory impairment, mental health disability, learning disability and multiple disability, and comparisons were made with the responses of non-disabled women.SettingSurvey data were collected on women's experience of primary and secondary care in all trusts providing maternity care in England.ParticipantsWomen who had given birth three months previously, among whom were groups self-identifying with different types of disability. Exclusions were limited to women whose baby had died and those who were younger than 16 years at the time of the recent birth.ResultsOverall, 20,094 women completed and returned the survey; 1958 women (9.5%) self-identified as having a disability. The findings indicate some gaps in maternity care provision for these women relating to interpersonal aspects of care: communication, feeling listened to and supported, involvement in decision making, having a trusted and respected relationship with clinical staff. Women from all disability groups wanted more postnatal contacts and help with infant feeding.ConclusionWhile access to care was generally satisfactory for disabled women, women's emotional well-being and support during pregnancy and beyond is an area that is in need of improvement. Specific areas identified included disseminating information effectively, ensuring appropriate communication and understanding, and supporting women's sense of control to build trusting relationships with healthcare providers.
Prevalence of laceration injuries in professional and amateur rugby union: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oudshoorn Bodil Yucki , Driscoll Heather , Kilner Karen , Dunn Marcus , James David 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundStudded footwear can cause severe lacerations in rugby union; the prevalence of these injuries is currently unknown.ObjectiveTo summarise the skin and laceration injury prevalence in published epidemiological studies and to investigate any differences in skin injury risk between amateur and professional players.DesignSystematic literature review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.Data sourcesPubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Ovid.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesProspective, epidemiological studies published in English after 1995, measuring a minimum of 400 match or 900 training exposure hours. Participants should be adult rugby union players (amateur or professional). The study should report a separate skin or laceration injury category and provide sufficient detail to calculate injury prevalence within this category.ResultsTwelve studies were included. Mean skin injury prevalence during matches was 2.4 injuries per 1000 exposure hours; during training sessions, the prevalence was 0.06 injuries per 1000 exposure hours. Skin injuries accounted for 5.3% of match injuries and 1.7% of training injuries. Skin injury risk was similar for amateur compared with professional players during matches (OR: 0.63, p=0.46.), but higher during training sessions (OR: 9.24, p=0.02).ConclusionsThe skin injury prevalence of 2.4 injuries per 1000 exposure hours is equivalent to one time-loss injury sustained during matches per team, per season. Amateur players are more likely to sustain skin injuries during training sessions than professional players. There is a need for more studies observing injuries among amateur players.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42015024027.