bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging of Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis in Children
Authors: Kara Simay , Choudhary Gagandeep , Udayasankar Unni 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough central nervous system infections in children are rare, when suspected, urgent diagnosis and treatment are mandated to prevent morbidity and mortality. Inflammation of the meninges alone is termed meningitis; associated involvement of the underlying brain leads to meningoencephalitis. CSF analysis remains the gold standard in identifying the infectious agent. Imaging plays a vital role not only in supporting the diagnosis of meningitis or meningoencephalitis but also in identifying potential complications, monitoring treatment response, and follow-up. The pattern of meningeal and brain involvement can vary depending on the infectious agent; cerebral convexity meninges is commonly involved in acute bacterial infection, basilar meninges in tuberculosis, and meningoencephalitis in viral infection. In this article, we review the characteristic imaging appearances of common bacterial, mycobacterial and viral agents, role of newer imaging technique, and list potential complications.
Comparison of Hand Hygiene Attitudes and Hand Swab Cultures in the Mothers of Children with Heart Disease Before and After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Karaağaç Aysu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNosocomial infections (NI) carry high risk of morbidity and mortality especially for children undergoing surgeries. Hand hygiene (HH) is the most effective and economic measure of NI control. This study was designed to compare the HH practices (HHPs), maternal anxiety scores (MASs), and hand swab cultures (HSCs) in the mothers of children with heart disease before and after cardiovascular surgery (CVS) to determine the factors that raised maternal HH sensitivity for prevention of NI. This prospective study included 120 mothers (age: 20–45 years; mean: 31.6 ± 5.6 years), whose children underwent CVS in the Kartal Koşuyolu Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences between November 2016 and February 2017. HHP of each mother was assessed by a questionnaire, 10 questions in two parts and HH score (HHS) was acquired. Then, HSC was obtained. Beck anxiety inventory was applied to determine MAS. The relations among demographic characteristics, MAS, HSC results, and pre-/postoperative HHS of the mothers were compared statistically. There was a significant increase in the HHS of the mothers in the postoperative period. Cronbach's a coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.84. Maternal HHS was significantly correlated with maternal age (p = 0.001), education (p = 0.002), and MAS (p = 0.001), but not with the income (p = 0.2). Moreover, one mother in the postoperative period (0.8%) versus five mothers in the preoperative (4.2%) had positive HSC. High education level, advanced age, and severe anxiety experienced by the mothers in their children's perioperative period were found to be the main factors that have raised maternal HHS, thereby resulting in better HSC results.
Erfolgreich zurück zum Eishockey nach glenohumeralem
Knorpelschaden – ein Fallbeispiel
Authors: Steinhoff Bernd , Keller Matthias 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungTim (19 Jahre) spielt Eishockey und verletzt sich bei einem Bodycheck an der
Schulter. Drei Jahre später unterzieht er sich einer arthroskopischen
Mikrofrakturierung, da der Knorpel durch das Trauma geschädigt wurde. Nach der
Operation planen die Therapeuten sorgfältig und strukturiert Tims Weg zurück in
den Sport mithilfe des Return to Activity Algorithmus für die obere Extremität.
Tim kommt so zwar später wieder aufs Eis als ursprünglich geplant, dafür aber
sicher und äußerst erfolgreich.
Kardiologische Diagnostik bei asymptomatischen Patienten mit Diabetes
Authors: Willecke Florian , Zirlik Andreas 
Published: July 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Diabetes mellitus ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Erkankungen assoziiert. Die aktuellen Leitlinien der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) und der American Heart Association (AHA) sprechen sich gegen ein Routinescreening aller Diabetiker aus und empfehlen stattdessen abhängig von weiteren Risikofaktoren ein differenziertes Vorgehen. Hierbei können Biomarker, Kardio-CT, Stressbildgebung und Risikorechner helfen, jedoch hat bisher keines dieser Untersuchungen beim asymptomatischen Diabetiker in Studien eine Überlegenheit zeigt.
Local destabilization, rigid body, and fuzzy docking facilitate the phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ets-1 by the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK2
Authors: Piserchio Andrea , Warthaka Mangalika , Kaoud Tamer S. , Callaway Kari , Dalby Kevin N. , Ghose Ranajeet 
Published: July 2017

Significance
This study provides experimental support for the mechanism of proximity-mediated catalysis by a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. It describes how the transcription factor Ets-1 uses the cumulative effects of two suboptimal docking interactions, rather than a single canonical docking interaction, to enable a unique bipartite mechanism of recognition of the MAP kinase ERK2. This mode of interaction between Ets-1 and ERK2 facilitates the formation of a highly productive complex that not only induces the proximity of Ets-1 phospho-acceptor (T38) to the ERK2 active site, but does so in optimal fashion, thereby promoting efficient phospho-transfer.
Evaluating optimal therapy robustness by virtual expansion of a sample population, with a case study in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Barish Syndi , Ochs Michael F. , Sontag Eduardo D. , Gevertz Jana L. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
A successful cancer therapy induces a strong antitumor response while causing minimal side effects. The heterogeneous nature of cancer observed across different regions of the primary tumor, across metastatic sites, across time, and across patients makes designing such a successful therapy challenging. Both standard of care and finely tailored treatment protocols run the risk of not exhibiting a robust antitumor response in the face of these uncertainties. Here we introduce a platform for exploring this robustness question using treatment response data from a sample population. Our method integrates these experimental data with statistical and mathematical techniques, allowing us to quantify therapeutic robustness. Using this approach, we identified a robust therapeutic protocol that combines oncolytic viruses with an immunotherapeutic vaccine.
Dynamic responses of the adrenal steroidogenic regulatory network
Authors: Spiga Francesca , Zavala Eder , Walker Jamie J. , Zhao Zidong , Terry John R. , Lightman Stafford L. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Our ability to respond to stress depends on a remarkably dynamic process of hormone secretion. The rapid release of glucocorticoid hormones from the adrenal glands is critical to mount such an efficient response to stress, particularly during inflammation. Although many key factors involved in this process have been studied, the way in which these factors interact dynamically with one another to regulate glucocorticoid secretion has not been investigated. Here, we develop a mathematical model of the regulatory network controlling glucocorticoid synthesis and, by combining this with in vivo experiments, show how this network governs changes in adrenal responsiveness under basal unstressed physiological conditions and under exposure to inflammatory stress.
Support for redistribution is shaped by compassion, envy, and self-interest, but not a taste for fairness
Authors: Sznycer Daniel , Lopez Seal Maria Florencia , Sell Aaron , Lim Julian , Porat Roni , Shalvi Shaul , Halperin Eran , Cosmides Leda , Tooby John 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceMarkets have lifted millions out of poverty, but considerable inequality remains and there is a large worldwide demand for redistribution. Although economists, philosophers, and public policy analysts debate the merits and demerits of various redistributive programs, a parallel debate has focused on voters’ motives for supporting redistribution. Understanding these motives is crucial, for the performance of a policy cannot be meaningfully evaluated except in the light of intended ends. Unfortunately, existing approaches pose ill-specified motives. Chief among them is fairness, a notion that feels intuitive but often rests on multiple inconsistent principles. We show that evolved motives for navigating interpersonal interactions clearly predict attitudes about redistribution, but a taste for procedural fairness or distributional fairness does not.
Severe viral respiratory infections in children with
IFIH1
loss-of-function mutations
Authors: Asgari Samira , Schlapbach Luregn J. , Anchisi Stéphanie , Hammer Christian , Bartha Istvan , Junier Thomas , Mottet-Osman Geneviève , Posfay-Barbe Klara M. , Longchamp David , Stocker Martin , Cordey Samuel , Kaiser Laurent , Riedel Thomas , Kenna Tony , Long Deborah , Schibler Andreas , Telenti Amalio , Tapparel Caroline , McLaren Paul J. , Garcin Dominique , Fellay Jacques 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Life-threatening susceptibility to common respiratory infections in previously healthy children can be indicative of pathogen-specific primary immunodeficiencies due to rare deleterious variants in key genes and pathways of the immune system. These findings have implications for prevention and treatment of susceptible children.
Decoupling of size and shape fluctuations in heteropolymeric sequences reconciles discrepancies in SAXS vs. FRET measurements
Authors: Fuertes Gustavo , Banterle Niccolò , Ruff Kiersten M. , Chowdhury Aritra , Mercadante Davide , Koehler Christine , Kachala Michael , Estrada Girona Gemma , Milles Sigrid , Mishra Ankur , Onck Patrick R. , Gräter Frauke , Esteban-Martín Santiago , Pappu Rohit V. , Svergun Dmitri I. , Lemke Edward A. 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceConformational properties of unfolded and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) under native conditions are important for understanding the details of protein folding and the functions of IDPs. The average dimensions of these systems are quantified using the mean radius of gyration and mean end-to-end distance, measured by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET), respectively, although systematic discrepancies emerge from these measurements. Through holistic sets of studies, we find that the disagreements arise from chemical heterogeneity that is inherent to heteropolymeric systems. This engenders a decoupling between different measures of overall sizes and shapes, thus leading to discrepant inferences based on SAXS vs. smFRET. Our findings point the way forward to obtaining comprehensive descriptions of ensembles of heterogeneous systems.
Detect differentially methylated regions using non-homogeneous hidden Markov model for methylation array data
Authors: Shen Linghao , Zhu Jun , Robert Li Shuo-Yen , Fan Xiaodan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Motivation
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism in gene regulation and the detection of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) is enthralling for many disease studies. There are several aspects that we can improve over existing DMR detection methods: (i) methylation statuses of nearby CpG sites are highly correlated, but this fact has seldom been modelled rigorously due to the uneven spacing; (ii) it is practically important to be able to handle both paired and unpaired samples; and (iii) the capability to detect DMRs from a single pair of samples is demanded.

Results
We present DMRMark (DMR detection based on non-homogeneous hidden Markov model), a novel Bayesian framework for detecting DMRs from methylation array data. It combines the constrained Gaussian mixture model that incorporates the biological knowledge with the non-homogeneous hidden Markov model that models spatial correlation. Unlike existing methods, our DMR detection is achieved without predefined boundaries or decision windows. Furthermore, our method can detect DMRs from a single pair of samples and can also incorporate unpaired samples. Both simulation studies and real datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas showed the significant improvement of DMRMark over other methods.

Availability and implementation
DMRMark is freely available as an R package at the CRAN R package repository.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Relationship Between Chronic Pain and Neurocognitive Function
Authors: Higgins Diana M. , Martin Aaron M. , Baker Dewleen G. , Vasterling Jennifer J. , Risbrough Victoria 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
Understanding the relationship between chronic pain and neurocognition has important implications for the assessment and treatment of patient experiencing pain. This paper provides an overview of the current literature examining the neurocognition-chronic pain relationship and suggests future avenues of research, along with a discussion of clinical implications of the literature findings. Consideration of potential moderators and mediators of this relationship, as well as a brief discussion of the importance of future research in special populations at particular risk for these problems, are also a focus of this paper.

Methods:
This systematic review summarizes the findings of clinical studies in which neurocognitive performance was measured in chronic pain samples. A literature search led to the inclusion of 53 articles in the review.

Results:
Studies of neurocognitive performance in clinical chronic pain samples support a relationship between chronic pain and neurocognitive abnormalities, particularly on tests of memory, attention, and processing speed, with mixed data regarding executive functioning.

Discussion:
Several factors may moderate or mediate the relationship between chronic pain and neurocognitive functioning, including mood symptoms, medication side effects, and intensity and/or chronicity of pain. Limitations in the literature include a paucity of methodologically rigorous studies controlling for confounding variables (eg, opioid analgesia) and a limited number of studies examining the relationship between chronic pain and traumatic brain injury (a potential precipitant of both pain and neurocognitive impairment). Nonetheless, findings from the existing literature have significant clinical implications, including for populations with heightened risk of both pain and neurocognitive disorders.
Social Media in Pediatric Orthopaedics
Authors: Lander Sarah T. , Sanders James O. , Cook Peter C. , O’Malley Natasha T. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Internet searches and social media utilization in health care has exploded over the past 5 years, and patients utilize it to gain information on their health conditions and physicians. Social media has the potential to serve as a means for education, communication, and marketing in all health care specialties. Physicians are sometimes reluctant to engage because of concerns of privacy, litigation, and lack of experience with this modality. Many surgical subspecialties have capitalized on social media but no study to date has examined the specific footprint of pediatric orthopaedic surgeons in this realm. We aim to quantify the utilization of individual social media platforms by pediatric orthopaedic surgeons, and identify any differences between private and hospital-based physicians, but also regional differences.

Methods:
Using the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America Member Directory, each active member’s social media presence was reviewed through an Internet search. Members were stratified on the basis of practice model and geographic location. Individual Internet searches, social media sites, and number of publications were reviewed for social media presence.

Results:
Of 987 Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America members, 95% had a professional webpage, 14.8% a professional Facebook page, 2.2% a professional Twitter page, 36.8% a LinkedIn profile, 25.8% a ResearchGate profile, 33% at least 1 YouTube. Hospital-based physicians had a lower mean level of utilization of social media compared with their private practice peers, and a higher incidence of Pubmed publications. Private practice physicians had double the social media utilization. Regional differences reveal that practicing Pediatric Orthopaedists in the Northeast had increased utilization of ResearchGate and LinkedIn and the West had the lowest mean social media utilization levels.

Conclusions:
The rapid expansion of social media usage by patients and their family members is an undeniable force affecting the health care industry. The Internet and social media platforms provide all physicians with a means to educate patients, collaborate with colleagues, and promote their practice and areas of interest. Our survey indicates that pediatric orthopaedic surgeons may be underutilizing their potential social media presence.

Levels of Evidence:
Level IV.
Social Disparities in Early Intervention Service Use and Provider-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Khetani Mary A. , Richardson Zachary , McManus Beth M. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To describe social disparities in early intervention (EI) service use and provider-reported outcomes.

Methods:
Secondary data analysis of administrative data to ascertain EI service use of all EI and discipline-specific services and child and family characteristics. Adjusted logistic regression models estimated the odds of receiving each type of core EI service. Adjusted median regression models estimated differences in EI intensity for each type of core EI service. Adjusted ordinal regression models estimated the association between each type of EI therapy service and provider estimates of children's global functional improvement.

Results:
Children with a diagnosis (b = 0.8, SE = 0.2) and those whose caregiver had 12 years of education or less (b = 0.6, SE = 0.3) had higher EI intensity. Black, non-Hispanic (BNH) children had nearly 75% lower odds of receiving physical therapy (PT) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1–0.7) and greater odds of receiving speech therapy (ST) (OR = 3.4, 95% CI, 1.3–9.3) than their white, non-Hispanic (WNH) peers. BNH children who received PT received about an hour less per month (b = −0.7, SE = 0.4) than their WNH peers. Hispanic children (b = 1.0, SE = 0.3) and those with higher family income (b = 0.7, SE = 0.3) received greater intensity of PT compared with their peers who are WNH and from low-income families. Publically insured children had lower intensity of occupational therapy (b = −0.5, SE = 0.3) and ST (b = −0.6, SE = 0.3). Greater intensity of EI services was not associated with greater provider-perceived improvement.

Conclusion:
Results suggest disparities, by race and family income, in receipt of EI therapy services. These findings highlight opportunities to customize and coordinate care for improved EI access and care quality.
PROGRESSION OF MACULAR ATROPHY IN EYES WITH TYPE 1 NEOVASCULARIZATION AND AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION RECEIVING LONG-TERM INTRAVITREAL ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY
Authors: Christenbury Joseph G. , Phasukkijwatana Nopasak , Gilani Fatimah , Freund K. Bailey , Sadda SriniVas , Sarraf David 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the size and location of macular atrophy in eyes with Type-1 neovascularization (NV) and age-related macular degeneration receiving chronic intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.

Methods:
A retrospective review of a case series of 27 eyes with Type-1 NV and retinal pigment epithelial detachment (PED) having a minimum of 12 months follow-up was performed. Demographic information and visual acuity at baseline and the final follow-up were collected. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and near-infrared reflectance were analyzed at 6-month intervals to detect and measure macular atrophy. Location and area (in square millimeter) of macular atrophy were measured using Heidelberg software tools. Also, OCT angiography was used to colocalize the area of Type-1 NV flow versus the location of atrophy.

Results:
Twenty-seven eyes of 27 patients were included in this analysis. The median visual acuity was 20/50, mean age was 82.7 years, and mean number of injections was 29.5. A larger percentage of eyes (59.3%) developed atrophy predominantly eccentric to the PED versus predominantly overlying the PED (11.1%) when measured with spectral-domain OCT and near-infrared imaging. At the final follow-up, there was a larger area of atrophy surrounding the fibrovascular PED (mean, 3.326 mm2) than overlying it (mean, 0.542 mm2), and this was statistically significant (P = 0.0118). En-face OCT images were overlaid with OCT angiography in 11 eyes, and a predominantly eccentric pattern of atrophy was identified in 9 of 11 eyes. Using this method, the mean area of atrophy predominantly overlying the Type-1 NV was 1.652 mm2 (range of 0–10.464 mm2), whereas the area of atrophy predominantly eccentric to the neovascular complex was 4.345 mm2 (range of 0.705–13.758 mm2), and this was statistically significant (P = 0.0465). The average rate of atrophy progression was 1.04 mm2/year (SD 0.938).

Conclusion:
With long-term anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for eyes with Type-1 NV secondary to age-related macular degeneration, macular atrophy tends to develop predominantly eccentric to the PED and the neovascular flow imaged on OCT angiography. With chronic vascular endothelial growth factor suppression, Type-1 NV may evolve into a multilayered PED that may confer a protective effect to the overlying retinal pigment epithelium and outer retina.
Hering’s Law in Congenital Ptosis: Evaluation of the Contralateral Response to Unilateral Congenital Ptosis Repair
Authors: Clark Thomas J. E. , Klejch Wesley J. , Wang Kai , Allen Richard C. , Nerad Jeffrey A. , Carter Keith D. , Shriver Erin M. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To determine the applicability and clinical relevance of Hering’s law for the eyelids in cases of congenital ptosis.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review and digital photograph analysis of patients who underwent unilateral congenital ptosis repair at a tertiary, university-based, Oculoplastics clinic was conducted. Pre- and postoperative eyelid height (marginal reflex distance), upper eyelid symmetry, and brow position were determined using ImageJ analysis software. Changes in these values, and the relationship between the change in ipsi- and contralateral eyelid heights and brow positions, were determined.

Results:
In 51 patients, the mean change in contralateral upper eyelid position (marginal reflex distance) following unilateral repair was −0.5 mm with 29% (n = 15) demonstrating a greater than 1 mm contralateral descent. The contralateral brow position remained stable with a mean change of +0.1 mm. No significant differences were seen between the 15 patients who demonstrated a contralateral upper eyelid descent greater than 1 mm and the remainder of the cohort in terms of amblyopia rate (p = 0.71), mean preoperative marginal reflex distance (p = 0.14), mean change in ipsilateral marginal reflex distance (p = 0.32), mean change in contralateral brow position (p = 0.44), or mean postoperative upper eyelid asymmetry (1.3 mm vs. 1.2 mm). Overall, the mean upper eyelid asymmetry improved from 2.6 mm preoperatively to 1.2 mm postoperatively. None of the 51 patients underwent subsequent contralateral ptosis repair.

Conclusions:
Hering’s law for the eyelids applies to cases of congenital ptosis but has little clinical significance due to improved upper eyelid asymmetry following unilateral surgery.