bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding fMRI events in sensorimotor motor network using sparse paradigm free mapping and activation likelihood estimates
Authors: Tan Francisca M. , Caballero‐Gaudes César , Mullinger Karen J. , Cho Siu‐Yeung , Zhang Yaping , Dryden Ian L. , Francis Susan T. , Gowland Penny A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMost functional MRI (fMRI) studies map task‐driven brain activity using a block or event‐related paradigm. Sparse paradigm free mapping (SPFM) can detect the onset and spatial distribution of BOLD events in the brain without prior timing information, but relating the detected events to brain function remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a decoding method for SPFM using a coordinate‐based meta‐analysis method of activation likelihood estimation (ALE). We defined meta‐maps of statistically significant ALE values that correspond to types of events and calculated a summation overlap between the normalized meta‐maps and SPFM maps. As a proof of concept, this framework was applied to relate SPFM‐detected events in the sensorimotor network (SMN) to six motor functions (left/right fingers, left/right toes, swallowing, and eye blinks). We validated the framework using simultaneous electromyography (EMG)–fMRI experiments and motor tasks with short and long duration, and random interstimulus interval. The decoding scores were considerably lower for eye movements relative to other movement types tested. The average successful rate for short and long motor events were 77 ± 13% and 74 ± 16%, respectively, excluding eye movements. We found good agreement between the decoding results and EMG for most events and subjects, with a range in sensitivity between 55% and 100%, excluding eye movements. The proposed method was then used to classify the movement types of spontaneous single‐trial events in the SMN during resting state, which produced an average successful rate of 22 ± 12%. Finally, this article discusses methodological implications and improvements to increase the decoding performance. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5778–5794, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Response assessment after induction chemotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: From physical examination to modern imaging techniques and beyond
Authors: de Bree Remco , Wolf Gregory T. , de Keizer Bart , Nixon Iain J. , Hartl Dana M. , Forastiere Arlene A. , Haigentz Missak , Rinaldo Alessandra , Rodrigo Juan P. , Saba Nabil F. , Suárez Carlos , Vermorken Jan B. , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSignificant correlations between the response to induction chemotherapy and success of subsequent radiotherapy have been reported and suggest that the response to induction chemotherapy is able to predict a response to radiotherapy. Therefore, induction chemotherapy may be used to tailor the treatment plan to the individual patient with head and neck cancer: following the planned subsequent (chemo)radiation schedule, planning a radiation dose boost, or reassessing the modality of treatment (eg, upfront surgery). Findings from reported trials suggest room for improvement in clinical response assessment after induction chemotherapy, but an optimal method has yet to be identified. Historically, indices of treatment efficacy in solid tumors have been based solely on systematic assessment of tumor size. However, functional imaging (eg, fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) potentially provides an earlier indication of response to treatment than conventional imaging techniques. More advanced imaging techniques are still in an exploratory phase and are not ready for use in clinical practice.
Patient education materials assessment tool for laryngectomy health information
Authors: Wong Kevin , Gilad Amir , Cohen Michael B. , Kirke Diana N. , Jalisi Scharukh M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe decision to undergo laryngectomy carries medical, social, and emotional consequences. This study evaluates the understandability and actionability of current laryngectomy information.MethodsLaryngectomy‐related educational materials from an online search were evaluated using the validated Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT). Reading difficulty was calculated using the Flesch‐Kincaid Level, Flesch Reading Ease, Gunning‐Fog Index (GFI), Coleman‐Liau Index, Automated Readability Index, and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) score. Interrater agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship among readability, understandability, and actionability.ResultsForty‐four articles were included. Interrater agreement was substantial (κ = 0.71). Mean understandability was 68.3% ± 17% and mean actionability was 66.3% ± 24%. Average reading difficulty exceeded the ability of an average American adult. There was a negative correlation between readability and understandability (R = −0.49; P < .05).ConclusionMost laryngectomy information is too difficult for the average person to read, understand, or act upon. Revisions may be warranted to benefit a larger readership.
Innervation of the human posterior cricoarytenoid muscle by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
Authors: Uludag Mehmet , Aygun Nurcihan , Kartal Kinyas , Besler Evren , Isgor Adnan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is the abductor muscle for the vocal cords and is innerved by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). The purpose of this study was to present our determination if the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) contributes to the motor innervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle.MethodsWe performed electromyographies (EMGs) via needle electrodes on 47 posterior cricoarytenoid muscles from 28 patients during thyroidectomy (9 lobectomies and 19 total thyroidectomies) with intraoperative neural monitoring. The RLN, vagus nerve, and external branch of the SLN were stimulated intraoperatively and the responses were evaluated by EMG.ResultsPositive EMG responses were obtained from 16 (34%) of 47 posterior cricoarytenoid muscles after external branch of the SLN stimulation. The EMG of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle was unilaterally positive in 8 of 19 patients (42%) with total thyroidectomy, and 2 of 19 patients (10.5%) were bilaterally positive.ConclusionThe external branch of the SLN contributes to the ipsilateral posterior cricoarytenoid muscle innervation in one‐third of the cases. This contribution is usually unilateral, but is occasionally bilateral.
Association between radioiodine treatment for thyroid cancer and risk of stroke
Authors: Lin Chun‐Yi , Lin Cheng‐Li , Lo Yi‐Chen , Kao Chia‐Hung 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between radioiodine (I‐131) therapy for thyroid cancer and the risk of stroke in Taiwan.MethodsA total of 10 104 of the patients aged 20 years or older, who were newly diagnosed with thyroid cancer during 2000‐2010, were recruited and classified into 2 cohorts according to whether they received I‐131 therapy through 1:1 propensity score matching. The cumulative Kaplan‐Meier curves for the incidence of stroke in the 2 cohorts were compared using the log‐rank test.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities, the I‐131 therapy group showed no significantly higher risk of ischemic stroke (adjusted HR [aHR] = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82‐1.34) or hemorrhagic stroke (aHR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.58‐1.93) than did the non‐I‐131 therapy group.ConclusionThe I‐131 treatment for thyroid cancer did not increase the risk of stroke during 10‐year follow‐up.
Chronic impairment of ERK signaling in glutamatergic neurons of the forebrain does not affect spatial memory retention and LTP in the same manner as acute blockade of the ERK pathway
Authors: Vithayathil Joseph , Pucilowska Joanna , Friel David , Landreth Gary E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe ERK/MAPK signaling pathway has been extensively studied in the context of learning and memory. Defects in this pathway underlie genetic diseases associated with intellectual disability, including impaired learning and memory. Numerous studies have investigated the impact of acute ERK/MAPK inhibition on long‐term potentiation and spatial memory. However, genetic knockouts of the ERKs have not been utilized to determine whether developmental perturbations of ERK/MAPK signaling affect LTP and memory formation in postnatal life. In this study, two different ERK2 conditional knockout mice were generated that restrict loss of ERK2 to excitatory neurons in the forebrain, but at different time‐points (embryonically and post‐natally). We found that embryonic loss of ERK2 had minimal effect on spatial memory retention and novel object recognition, while loss of ERK2 post‐natally had more pronounced effects in these behaviors. Loss of ERK2 in both models showed intact LTP compared to control animals, while loss of both ERK1 and ERK2 impaired late phase LTP. These findings indicate that ERK2 is not necessary for LTP and spatial memory retention and provide new insights into the functional deficits associated with the chronic impairment of ERK signaling.
Seasonality of stable isotope composition of atmospheric water input at the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Otte Insa , Detsch Florian , Gütlein Adrian , Scholl Martha , Kiese Ralf , Appelhans Tim , Nauss Thomas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo understand the moisture regime at the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, we analysed the isotopic variability of oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) of rainfall, throughfall, and fog from a total of 2,140 samples collected weekly over 2 years at 9 study sites along an elevation transect ranging from 950 to 3,880 m above sea level. Precipitation in the Kilimanjaro tropical rainforests consists of a combination of rainfall, throughfall, and fog. We defined local meteoric water lines for all 3 precipitation types individually and the overall precipitation, δDprec = 7.45 (±0.05) × δ18Oprec + 13.61 (±0.20),n = 2,140,R2 = .91,p < .001. We investigated the precipitation‐type‐specific stable isotope composition and analysed the effects of amount, altitude, and temperature. Aggregated annual mean values revealed isotope composition of rainfall as most depleted and fog water as most enriched in heavy isotopes at the highest elevation research site. We found an altitude effect of δ18Orain = −0.11‰ × 100 m−1, which varied according to precipitation type and season. The relatively weak isotope or altitude gradient may reveal 2 different moisture sources in the research area: (a) local moisture recycling and (b) regional moisture sources. Generally, the seasonality of δ18Orainvalues follows the bimodal rainfall distribution under the influences of south‐ and north‐easterly trade winds. These seasonal patterns of isotopic composition were linked to different regional moisture sources by analysing Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory backward trajectories. Seasonality ofdexcess values revealed evidence of enhanced moisture recycling after the onset of the rainy seasons. This comprehensive dataset is essential for further research using stable isotopes as a hydrological tracer of sources of precipitation that contribute to water resources of the Kilimanjaro region.
Using high‐resolution isotope data and alternative calibration strategies for a tracer‐aided runoff model in a nested catchment
Authors: Tunaley Claire , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Birkel Christian , Soulsby Chris 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTesting hydrological models over different spatio‐temporal scales is important for both evaluating diagnostics and aiding process understanding. High‐frequency (6‐hr) stable isotope sampling of rainfall and runoff was undertaken during 3‐week periods in summer and winter within 12 months of daily sampling in a 3.2‐km2 catchment in the Scottish Highlands. This was used to calibrate and test a tracer‐aided model to assess the (a) information content of high‐resolution data, (b) effect of different calibration strategies on simulations and inferred processes, and (c) model transferability to <1‐km2 subcatchment. The 6‐hourly data were successfully incorporated without loss of model performance, improving the temporal resolution of the modelling, and making it more relevant to the time dynamics of the isotope and hydrometric response. However, this added little new information due to old‐water dominance and riparian mixing in this peatland catchment. Time variant results, from differential split sample testing, highlighted the importance of calibrating to a wide range of hydrological conditions. This also provided insights into the nonstationarity of catchment mixing processes, in relation to storage and water ages, which varied markedly depending on the calibration period. Application to the nested subcatchment produced equivalent parameterization and performance, highlighting similarity in dominant processes. The study highlighted the utility of high‐resolution data in combination with tracer‐aided models, applied at multiple spatial scales, as learning tools to enhance process understanding and evaluation of model behaviour across nonstationary conditions. This helps reveal more fully the catchment response in terms of the different mechanistic controls on both wave celerites and particle velocities.
Fe‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations
Authors: Teske Johannes , Plietker Bernd 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCycloisomerizations allow the generation of defined molecular complexity starting from structurally simple polyunsaturated starting materials. Iron‐based catalysts are newcomers in this field of catalysis that is dominated by catalysts based mainly on palladium, ruthenium, and in particular rhodium. In this review we summarize the most important contributions in this field of catalysis. Apart from “classical” Lewis‐acid activations catalysts that possess redox‐active ligands are of particular interest since they open new mechanistic pathways and hence new cycloisomerization venues.
Rician noise removal in magnitude MRI images using efficient anisotropic diffusion filtering
Authors: Pal Chandrajit , Das Pabitra , Chakrabarti Amlan , Ghosh Ranjan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this article, a new methodology for denoising of Rician noise in Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) is presented. MRI imaging creates a distinctive view into the interior of a human body and has become an essential tool of clinical diagnosis. However, Rician noise is a type of artifact inherent to the acquisition process of the magnitude MRI image, making diagnosis difficult. We proposed a moment‐based Rician noise reduction technique in anisotropic diffusion filtering. We extend the work of the classical anisotropic diffusion filter and have customized it to remove Rician noise in the magnitude MRI image in 3D domain space. Our proposed scheme shows better results against various quality measures in terms of noise removal and edge preservation while retaining fine textures.
An efficient automated methodology for detecting and segmenting the ischemic stroke in brain MRI images
Authors: Sivakumar P. , Ganeshkumar P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBrain tumor and brain stroke are two important causes of death in and around the world. The abnormalities in brain cell leads to brain stroke and obstruction in blood flow to brain cells leads to brain stroke. In this article, a computer aided automatic methodology is proposed to detect and segment ischemic stroke in brain MRI images using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference (ANFIS) classifier. The proposed method consists of preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. The brain image is enhanced using Heuristic histogram equalization technique. Then, texture and morphological features are extracted from the preprocessed image. These features are optimized using Genetic Algorithm and trained and classified using ANFIS classifier. The performance of the proposed ischemic stroke detection system is analyzed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and Mathew's correlation coefficient.
Evaluation in zebrafish model of the toxicity of rhodamine B‐conjugated crotamine, a peptide potentially useful for diagnostics and therapeutics
Authors: Chan Judy Yuet‐Wa , Zhou Hefeng , Kwan Yiu Wa , Chan Shun Wan , Radis‐Baptista Gandhi , Lee Simon Ming‐Yuen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCrotamine is defensin‐like cationic peptide from rattlesnake venom that possesses anticancer, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. Despite these promising biological activities, toxicity is a major concern associated with the development of venom‐derived peptides as therapeutic agents. In the present study, we used zebrafish as a system model to evaluate the toxicity of rhodamine B‐conjugated (RhoB) crotamine derivative. The lethal toxic concentration of RhoB‐crotamine was as low as 4 μM, which effectively kill zebrafish larvae in less than 10 min. With non‐lethal concentrations (<1 μM), crotamine caused malformation in zebrafish embryos, delayed or completely halted hatching, adversely affected embryonic developmental programming, decreased the cardiac functions, and attenuated the swimming distance of zebrafish. The RhoB‐crotamine translocated across vitelline membrane and accumulated in zebrafish yolk sac. These results demonstrate the sensitive responsivity of zebrafish to trial crotamine analogues for the development of novel therapeutic peptides with improved safety, bioavailability, and efficacy profiles.
Investigation of acetylcholinesterase and mammalian DNA topoisomerases, carbonic anhydrase inhibition profiles, and cytotoxic activity of novel bis(α‐aminoalkyl)phosphinic acid derivatives against human breast cancer
Authors: Dastan Taner , Kocyigit Umit M. , Durna Dastan Sevgi , Canturk Kilickaya Pakize , Taslimi Parham , Cevik Ozge , Koparir Metin , Orek Cahit , Gulçin İlhami , Cetin Ahmet 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate biologically active novel molecules having potentials to be drugs by their antitumor properties and by activities of apoptotic caspase and topoisomerase. Following syntheses of novel eight bis(α‐aminoalkyl)phosphinic acid derivatives (4a–h) as a result of array of reactions, compounds were evaluated by cytotoxic effects in vitro on human breast cancer (MCF‐7) and normal endothelial (HUVEC) cell lines. All phosphinic acid derivatives were effective for cytotoxicity on both MCF‐7 and HUVEC lines, while 4c, 4e, and 4f compounds were found significantly more effective. For the evaluation of antitumor properties of compounds in a highly sensitive method, their effects on inhibiting topoisomerases I and II were investigated. Also, some of the bis(α‐aminoalkyl)phosphinic acid derivatives (4a, 4e–h) showed nice inhibitory action against acetylcholinesterase and human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I and II.
LincRNA DYN‐LRB2‐2 upregulates cholesterol efflux by decreasing TLR2 expression in macrophages
Authors: Li Yongqiang , Shen Shuxin , Ding Shoukun , Wang Lixia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study is designed to determine whether lincRNA‐DYNLRB2‐2 could promote cholesterol efflux through regulating the expression of TLR2. THP‐1 and RAW264.7 cells were incubated with oxLDL for 48 h to induce the formation of foam cells, and ORO staining was performed and intracellular cholesterol contents were measured by HPLC assay. qRT‐PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. Lentiviral vector LV‐DYNLRB2‐2 and lincRNA‐DYNLRB2‐2 siRNA was constructed to explore its potential role. The cholesterol efflux was assessed by liquid scintillation counting. The effects of TRL2 were determined in apoE−/− mice that fed a high fat diet and were randomly divided into three groups and infected with LV‐Mock, LV‐Sh‐TRL2, or LV‐TRL2. Atherosclerosis was observed in the aortic sinus and the levels of cytokines and serum biochemical parameters were measured. Ox‐LDL induced foam cell formation in the THP‐1 and RAW264.7 cells. LincRNA DYN‐LRB2‐2 was upregulated in oxLDL‐treated THP‐1 and Raw264.7 cells. LincRNA‐DYNLRB2‐2 plays important role in regulating the cholesterol efflux, ABCA1 expression level and anti‐inflammatory processes in THP‐1 and RAW264.7 cells. Further study indicated that lincRNA‐DYNLRB2‐2 negatively regulated TRL2 expression and TRL2 overexpression reversed the effects of lincRNA‐DYNLRB2‐2 on cholesterol efflux and ABCA1 expression level in THP‐1 and RAW264.7 cells. Besides, we found TRL2 plays important role in lipid accumulation, plaque formation and regulating serum inflammatory cytokines level in apoE−/− mice with a high fat diet. LincRNA DYN‐LRB2‐2 upregulates cholesterol efflux by decreasing TLR2 expression in macrophages.
Loss of BMI‐1 dampens migration and EMT of colorectal cancer in inflammatory microenvironment through TLR4/MD‐2/MyD88‐mediated NF‐κB signaling
Authors: Ye Kai , Chen Qi‐Wei , Sun Ya‐Feng , Lin Jian‐An , Xu Jian‐Hua 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIncreasing evidence from various clinical and experimental studies has demonstrated that the inflammatory microenvironment created by immune cells facilitates tumor migration. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in the progression of cancer invasion and metastasis in an inflammatory microenvironment. B‐lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region 1 (BMI‐1) acts as an oncogene in various tumors. Ectopic expression of Bmi‐1 have an effect on EMT and invasiveness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of BMI‐1 on inflammation‐induced tumor migration and EMT and the underlying mechanism. We observed that the expression of BMI‐1, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β was significantly increased in HT29 and HCT116 cells after THP‐1 Conditioned‐Medium (THP‐1‐CM) stimulation. Additionally, inhibition of BMI‐1 impeded cell invasion induced by THP‐1‐CM‐stimulation in both HT29 and HCT116 cells. BMI‐1 knockdown remarkably repressed THP‐1‐CM—induced EMT by regulating the expression of EMT biomarkers with an increase in E‐cadherin accompanied by decrease in N‐cadherin and vimentin. Furthermore, downregulation of BMI‐1 dramatically impeded THP‐1‐CM‐triggered Toll‐like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation protein 2(MD‐2)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88) activity by repressing the expression of the TLR4/MD‐2 complex and MyD88. Further data demonstrated that knockout of BMI‐1 also dampened NF‐κB THP‐1‐CM‐triggered activity. Taken all data together, our findings established that BMI‐1 modulated TLR4/MD‐2/MyD88 complex‐mediated NF‐κB signaling involved in inflammation‐induced cancer cells invasion and EMT, and therefore, could be a potential chemopreventive agent against inflammation‐associated colorectal cancer.Highlights.

Establishment of an inflammatory microenvironment.
Suppression of BMI‐1 reverses THP‐1‐CM‐induced inflammatory cytokine production in CRC.
Loss of BMI‐1 suppressed TLR4/MD‐2/MyD88 complex‐mediated NF‐κB signaling.