bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Diallyl Dicarbonate. A Convenient Reagent for the Synthesis of Allyl Carbamates.
Authors: SENNYEY G. , BARCELO G. , SENET J.‐P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDiallyl dicarbonate (III), prepared from allyl chloroformate (I) and sodium allyl carbonate (II), reacts with the amines (IV) to form the carbamates (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Electrophilic Additions to exo‐ and endo‐2‐Hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐7‐oxabicyclo(2.2.1)hept‐5‐ene.
Authors: ARJONA O. , DE LA PRADILLA R. F. , PEREZ R. A. , PLUMET J. , VISO A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of phenylsulfenyl and phenylselenenyl chloride (II) with the exo‐hydroxy‐7‐oxabicycloheptene (I) gives the adducts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Diels‐Alder Reactions of 3H‐Pyrroles Resulting from the Thermal Rearrangements of 2H‐Pyrroles.
Authors: EDDAIF A. , LAURENT A. , MISON P. , PELLISSIER N. , CARRUPT P.‐A. , VOGEL P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 3‐alkenyl‐2H‐pyrroles (VIII) are prepared via ring expansion of the aziridines (VI) as shown in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photochemistry of Heterocyclic Norbornenyl Ketones.
Authors: SAUERS R. R. , HAGEDORN A. A. III , VAN ARNUM S. D. , GOMEZ R. P. , MOQUIN R. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe heterocyclic endo‐norbornenyl ketones (III) are prepared by three different methods as outlined in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxygenated Deoxybenzoins and Isoflavones.
Authors: RANI B. S. U. , DARBARWAR M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 3‐aryl‐4‐hydroxycoumarins (I) are hydrolyzed and decarboxylated in refluxing alcoholic potassium hydroxide to give the deoxybenzoins (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Pyridyl Grignard Reagents and Cross Coupling Reactions with Sulfoxides Bearing Azaheterocycles.
Authors: FURUKAWA N. , SHIBUTANI T. , FUJIHARA H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe pyridyl Grignard compounds, generated from the iodides (I) and ethylmagnesium bromide (II), react with the carbonyl compounds (III) and (VIII) to produce the carbinols (IV) or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen and Nitrogen Heterocycles by Intramolecular Magnesium‐ and Zinc‐Ene Reactions. Methylenecyclopentanes by Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Isomerization of 5‐(Bromozincmethyl)‐3‐methyleneoxacycloalkanes.
Authors: VAN DER LOUW J. , VAN DER BAAN J. L. , STIELTJES H. , BICKELHAUPT F. , KLUMPP G. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe allyloxymethyl‐2‐propenylmagnesium chlorides (I) are pyrolyzed and then treated with chlorotrimethylstannane (II) to produce the cyclopropanes (III), together with the derivatives (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectroscopic and Structural Characterization of the Novel Lithium Borylamide Salts trans‐(Li(Et2O)NHBMes2)2, a Dimer, and the Ion Pair (Li(Et2O)3) (Mes2BNBMes2) with a Linear Allene‐Like, (R2B=N=BR2)‐, Moiety.
Authors: BARTLETT R. A. , CHEN H. , DIAS H. V. R. , OLMSTEAD M. M. , POWER P. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe prim. aminoborane (I) reacts with BuLi (II) to give the title dimer (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Promoted Reactions of Boron Hydrides. Part 9. Cp*Ir‐Catalyzed Reactions of Polyhedral Boranes and Acetylenes.
Authors: MIRABELLI M. G. L. , SNEDDON L. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe complex ((C5Me5)IrCl2)2 in the presence of a proton sponge is found to catalyze reactions of pentaborane(9) (I) with terminal and internal acetylenes (II), resulting in the formation of the alkenylpentaboranes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Amphidinolide C: The First 25‐Membered Macrocyclic Lactone with Potent Antineoplastic Activity from the Cultured Dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp.
Authors: KOBAYASHI J. , ISHIBASHI M. , WAELCHLI M. R. + , NAKAMURA H. , HIRATA Y. , SASAKI T. , OHIZUMI Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe structure of the title compound (I) is mainly elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Bicyclic Core of the Esperamicin/Calichemicin Class of Antitumor Agents.
Authors: SCHREIBER S. L. , KIESSLING L. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe key step in the preparation of the title bicyclic core (VIIIa) is the cycloaddition reaction of the intermediate (VIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Small Amount of Water on Physical and Electrical Properties of TiO2 Films Deposited by CVD Method.
Authors: FUYUKI T. , KOBAYASHI T. , MATSUNAMI H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is shown that physical properties of TiO2 such as refractive index, etching rate, and dielectric constant are dependent on the amount of water added in the CVD process, revealing that precise control of the amount of water added to the sources is very important to obtain reproducible products.
Reputation‐based credibility analysis of Twitter social network users
Authors: Alrubaian Majed , Al‐Qurishi Muhammad , Al‐Rakhami Mabrook , Hassan Mohammad Mehedi , Alamri Atif 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis paper addresses the problem of finding credible sources among Twitter social network users to detect and prevent various malicious activities, such as spreading false information on a potentially inflammatory topic, forging accounts for false identities, etc. Existing research works related to source credibility are graph‐based, considering the relationships among users to predict the spread information; human‐based, using human perspectives to determine reliable sources; or machine learning‐based, relying on training classifiers to predict users' credibility. Very few of these approaches consider a user's sentimentality when analyzing his/her credibility as a source. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that combines analysis of the user's reputation on a given topic within the social network, as well as a measure of the user's sentiment to identify topically relevant and credible sources of information. In particular, we propose a new reputation metric that introduces several new features into the existing models. We evaluated the performance of the proposed metric in comparison with two machine learning techniques, determining that the accuracy of the proposed approach satisfies the stated purpose of identifying credible Twitter users. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance optimization of Sparse Matrix‐Vector Multiplication for multi‐component PDE‐based applications using GPUs
Authors: Abdelfattah Ahmad , Ltaief Hatem , Keyes David , Dongarra Jack 
Published: May 2016

SummarySimulations of many multi‐component PDE‐based applications, such as petroleum reservoirs or reacting flows, are dominated by the solution, on each time step and within each Newton step, of large sparse linear systems. The standard solver is a preconditioned Krylov method. Along with application of the preconditioner, memory‐bound Sparse Matrix‐Vector Multiplication (SpMV) is the most time‐consuming operation in such solvers. Multi‐species models produce Jacobians with a dense block structure, where the block size can be as large as a few dozen. Failing to exploit this dense block structure vastly underutilizes hardware capable of delivering high performance on dense BLAS operations. This paper presents a GPU‐accelerated SpMV kernel for block‐sparse matrices. Dense matrix‐vector multiplications within the sparse‐block structure leverage optimization techniques from the KBLAS library, a high performance library for dense BLAS kernels. The design ideas of KBLAS can be applied to block‐sparse matrices. Furthermore, a technique is proposed to balance the workload among thread blocks when there are large variations in the lengths of nonzero rows. Multi‐GPU performance is highlighted. The proposed SpMV kernel outperforms existing state‐of‐the‐art implementations using matrices with real structures from different applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Burren: a glacial, karstic and biokarstic expression of a limestone plateau in western Ireland
Authors: de la Rosa John P. McIlroy 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe term glaciokarst describes a landscape where both glacial and karstic processes have contributed to geomorphological evolution and has been applied to a range of environments from the high arctic to the alpine Mediterranean. Nevertheless, glaciokarstic environments globally often exhibit significant variation in geomorphological processes and landforms due to these geographical differences. The Burren, County Clare, Republic of Ireland, is often quoted as a quintessential glaciokarstic landscape. However, the Burren and other similar environments would appear to lean towards one end of the glaciokarst spectrum, where solutional and biological processes have been dominant throughout the Holocene, in contrast to ice‐dominated glaciokarsts where karstic and biokarstic processes are temperature‐limited and cryospheric processes remain the principal geomorphological agents.Holocene landscape evolution and the development of a range of meso‐, micro‐ and nano‐scale karren features on limestone surfaces appears to be largely biokarstic in origin. Karstification of many glacially scoured limestone pavements would have begun under acidic soil cover, with biological soil processes contributing to smooth, rounded cryptokarstic surface forms. Holocene soil erosion is attributed to anthropogenic activity, climatic fluctuations and the evolution of the karstic groundwater system leading to vertical soil loss through widening grikes. Exposed limestone pavements subject to subaerial conditions often exhibit extensive lichen colonization which has been shown to influence the overall rate of karstification and contribute to the development of micro‐ and meso‐scale bioweathering features. Where cryptokarstic features have been exhumed from beneath soil cover, their evolution under subaerial conditions leads to intermediate, polygenetic karren features.In light of our current understanding of the Burren landscape, it is proposed that the term glaciobiokarstic may be a better expression to encompass the biological processes that have played a fundamental role in the evolution of the Burren and similar landscapes, without neglecting the contribution of glacial and inorganic karstic processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Euglena gracilis paramylon activates human lymphocytes by upregulating pro‐inflammatory factors
Authors: Russo Rossella , Barsanti Laura , Evangelista Valter , Frassanito Anna M. , Longo Vincenzo , Pucci Laura , Penno Giuseppe , Gualtieri Paolo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to verify the activation details and products of human lymphomonocytes, stimulated by different β‐glucans, that is Euglena paramylon, MacroGard®, and lipopolysaccharide. We investigated the gene expression of inflammation‐related cytokines and mediators, transactivation of relevant transcription factors, and phagocytosis role in cell‐glucan interactions, by means of RT‐PCR, immunocytochemistry, and colorimetric assay. Our results show that sonicated and alkalized paramylon upregulates pro‐inflammatory factors (NO, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and COX‐2) in lymphomonocytes. A clear demonstration of this upregulation is the increased transactivation of NF‐kB visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. Phagocytosis assay showed that internalization is not a mandatory step for signaling cascade to be triggered, since immune activity is not present in the lymphomonocytes that have internalized paramylon granules and particulate MacroGard®. Moreover, the response of Euglena β‐glucan‐activated lymphomonocytes is much greater than that induced by commercially used β‐glucans such as MacroGard®. Our in vitro results indicate that linear fibrous Euglena β‐glucan, obtained by sonication and alkaline treatment can act as safe and effective coadjutant of the innate immune system response.
Combined use of isotopic and hydrometric data to conceptualize ecohydrological processes in a high‐elevation tropical ecosystem
Authors: Mosquera Giovanny M. , Célleri Rolando , Lazo Patricio X. , Vaché Kellie B. , Perakis Steven S. , Crespo Patricio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFew high‐elevation tropical catchments worldwide are gauged, and even fewer are studied using combined hydrometric and isotopic data. Consequently, we lack information needed to understand processes governing rainfall–runoff dynamics and to predict their influence on downstream ecosystem functioning. To address this need, we present a combination of hydrometric and water stable isotopic observations in the wet Andean páramo ecosystem of the Zhurucay Ecohydrological Observatory (7.53 km2). The catchment is located in the Andes of south Ecuador between 3400 and 3900 m a.s.l. Water samples for stable isotopic analysis were collected during 2 years (May 2011–May 2013), while rainfall and runoff measurements were continuously recorded since late 2010. The isotopic data reveal that andosol soils predominantly situated on hillslopes drain laterally to histosols (Andean páramo wetlands) mainly located at the valley bottom. Histosols, in turn, feed water to creeks and small rivers throughout the year, establishing hydrologic connectivity between wetlands and the drainage network. Runoff is primarily composed of pre‐event water stored in the histosols, which is replenished by rainfall that infiltrates through the andosols. Contributions from the mineral horizon and the top of the fractured bedrock are small and only seem to influence discharge in small catchments during low flow generation (non‐exceedance flows < Q35). Variations in source contributions are controlled by antecedent soil moisture, rainfall intensity, and duration of rainy periods. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soils, higher than the year‐round low precipitation intensity, indicates that Hortonian overland flow rarely occurs during high‐intensity precipitation events. Deep groundwater contributions to discharge seem to be minimal. These results suggest that, in this high‐elevation tropical ecosystem, (1) subsurface flow is a dominant hydrological process and (2) (histosols) wetlands are the major source of stream runoff. Our study highlights that detailed isotopic characterization during short time periods provides valuable information about ecohydrological processes in regions where very few basins are gauged. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caerulein‐induced pancreatitis augments the expression and phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein 4
Authors: Sato Sho , Nakamura Fumio , Hiroshima Yukihiko , Nagashima Yoji , Kato Ikuma , Yamashita Naoya , Goshima Yoshio , Endo Itaru 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundChronic pancreatitis is a significant risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Previously, we demonstrated that the pancreatic cancer cells show enhanced expression of collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4) that strongly correlates with severe venous invasion, liver metastasis, and poor prognosis. However, involvement of CRMP4 in acute or chronic pancreatitis remains unknown.MethodsAcute and chronic pancreatitis mice models were developed by periodic injection of caerulein. The expression levels of CRMP4 and its phosphorylation were examined.ResultsElevated CRMP4 levels were observed in the infiltrated lymphocytes as well as in the pancreas parenchyma of both acute and chronic pancreatitis. The expression pattern of phosphorylated CRMP4 was similar to that of CRMP4. Cdk5 partially co‐localized with the phosphorylated CRMP4.ConclusionsPancreatitis induces CRMP4 expression in the pancreas parenchyma and in the infiltrated lymphocytes. Overlapping expression of CRMP4 and Cdk5 may suggest that the Cdk5 is at least, in part, responsible for the phosphorylation of CRMP4. The results suggest that CRMP4 is involved in the inflammatory response in pancreatitis. Understanding the mechanisms of CRMP4 would help us to develop novel therapeutic strategies against acute or chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer.
Evaluation of infraspinatus reinnervation and function following spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve transfer in adult traumatic brachial plexus injuries
Authors: Baltzer Heather L. , Wagner Eric R. , Kircher Michelle F. , Spinner Robert J. , Bishop Allen T. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: May 2016

PurposeOur objective was to determine the prevalence and quality of restored external rotation (ER) in adult brachial plexus injury (BPI) patients who underwent spinal accessory nerve (SAN) to suprascapular nerve (SSN) transfer, and to identify patient and injury factors that may influence results.MethodsFifty‐one adult traumatic BPI patients who underwent SAN to SSN transfer between 2000 and 2013, all treated less than 1 year after injury with >1 year follow‐up. The primary outcome measured was shoulder ER. The outcomes we utilized included “clinically useful ER” (motion ≥ −35° with ≥MRC 2 strength), modified British Medical Research Council (MRC) grading, and electromyographic (EMG) reinnervation.ResultsEMG evidence of re‐innervation was found in 85% of patients. Surgery resulted in improved ER in 41% (21/51) of shoulders at an average of 28 months follow‐up. Of these, only 31% (17/51) had clinically useful ER. The average ER active range of motion was 12° from full internal rotation (Range: −60° to 90°) and MRC grade 2.2 (2–4). The only predictor of ER improvement was an isolated upper trunk (C5‐C6) injury. Improved ER was clinically evident in 76%, 37% and 26% of upper trunk (UT), C5‐C6‐C7 and panplexus injuries, respectively (P < 0.03).ConclusionsAlthough 85% had EMG signs of recovery, the SAN to SSN transfer failed to provide useful recovery of ER through reinnervation of the infraspinatus muscle in injuries involving more levels than a C5‐C6 root/upper trunk pattern. In patients with greater than C5‐6 level injuries alternatives to SAN to SSN transfer should be considered to restore shoulder ER. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:365–370, 2017.
Coronary Heart Disease, Diabetes, and Sexuality in Men
Authors: Hackett Geoff , Krychman Michael , Baldwin David , Bennett Nelson , El-Zawahry Ahmed , Graziottin Alessandra , Lukasiewicz Monika , McVary Kevin , Sato Yoshikazu , Incrocci Luca 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been well recognized as a marker of increased cardiovascular risk for more than 15 years, especially in younger men. Early detection of ED represents an opportunity to intervene to decrease the risk of future cardiovascular events and limit the progression of ED severity. Evidence suggests there is a window of opportunity of 3 to 5 years from the onset of ED to subsequent cardiovascular events. This opportunity is usually missed if the onus is placed on the patient to seek care for his sexual problems. Unfortunately, these clear messages have not been incorporated into routine cardiovascular care. The reasons for these disparities within specialties are discussed in this article, in addition to management algorithms. Lifestyle modification is usually recommended as the first-line treatment to correct ED and lessen cardiovascular risk, but evidence suggests that this might be effective only in men without established cardiovascular comorbidities. In men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease, lifestyle modification alone is unlikely to be effective. Cardiovascular medications are often associated with sexual dysfunction but changes in medication are more likely to be beneficial in men with milder recent-onset ED. A balanced view must be taken related to medication adverse events, taking into account optimal management of established cardiovascular disease. Testosterone deficiency has been associated with different metabolic disorders, especially metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Testosterone deficiency syndrome has been associated with an independent burden on sexual function globally and increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to improve multiple aspects of sexual function and, in some studies, has been associated with a decrease in mortality, especially in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have suggested that phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, the first-line medications to treat ED, could decrease cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, through multiple mechanisms, predominantly related to improved endothelial function.
Assessment of Sexual Function in Infertile Women in a Gynecological Care Setting
Authors: Lara Lúcia Alves da Silva , Coelho Neto Marcela de Alencar , Martins Wellington de Paula , Ferriani Rui Alberto , Navarro Paula Andrea 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Infertility has a high prevalence worldwide. There is also a high prevalence of sexual problems, mainly in gynecological care settings, but many women are unlikely to discuss sexual problems with their physicians.

Aims
To verify how second-year gynecology residents (SGRs) assess the sexual function of infertile women who are undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART) at a single infertility tertiary care center in Brazil.

Main Outcome Measures
Medical records of patients.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study evaluated all medical records of women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) between January 2011 and December 2012 at a fertility clinic of the Hospital das Clinicas of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo.

Results
A total of 616 women underwent ART during the study period. The mean patient age was 34.5 ± 4.4 years, mean weight was 65.6 ± 12.4 kg, mean height was 163 ± 0.6 cm, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.8 ± 4.3 kg/m2. We classified the methods that medical residents used to assess the sexual frequency of these women as a numerical method, by categorization, or none (no assessment). A total of 26.7% (n = 166) of the SGRs did not assess female sexual function and 26.2% (n = 163) made assessments using categorization. SGRs who used a numerical method rather than categorization to classify the sexual frequency of their female patients were more likely to record answers to other questions on sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm.

Conclusion
SGRs typically do not assess female sexual function in infertile couples. There was considerable heterogeneity among SGRs in their assessment of coital frequency and female sexual function.
CIVIL SERVANTS, POLITICAL HISTORY, AND THE INTERPRETATION OF TRADITIONS
Authors: GRUBE DENNIS C. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA renewed interest in aspects of high politics among historians who subscribe to the ‘new political history’ has coincided with the embrace by some political scientists of interpretivism as a method for understanding how beliefs and traditions impact on British political life. In order to examine the potential synergies between these two developments, this article utilizes a form of ‘historical interpretivism’ to study the beliefs and actions of senior civil servants. In 1980, the British government released a Memorandum of Guidance for Officials Appearing before Select Committees – known ever since as the ‘Osmotherly’ rules – to help civil servants navigate the stresses of appearing before parliamentary committees. This article analyses the civil service files in the decade leading up to the publication of the Osmotherly rules to reveal how senior civil servants sought to reconcile their interpretations of Westminster tradition with the need to respond to the demands of the ‘open government’ agenda. The article argues that studying the narratives which guide the beliefs of individual civil servants and their political masters can help political historians and political scientists alike analyse the power of tradition in shaping political action.