bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathological changes in the liver and stomach ofDidelphis virginiana(Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) during natural infection withGnathostoma turgidum(Nematoda: Gnathostomidae)
Authors: Torres-Montoya E.H. , Zazueta-Moreno J.M. , Osuna-Martínez L.U. , Castillo-Ureta H. , Silva-Hidalgo G. , López-Moreno H.S. , Osuna-Ramírez I. , Noguera-Corona E. , Rendón-Maldonado J.G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGnathostoma turgidumis a nematode parasite that exploits the stomach of Virginian opossums,Didelphis virginiana,in Latin America. The opossum is the definitive host ofG. turgidumin the wild. Intrahepatic growth and maturation of the parasite, subsequent migration to the stomach and spontaneous expulsion are common. However, the histopathological lesions caused byG. turgidumare poorly described. A better understanding of the life cycle of this parasite and the pathological changes in natural host–parasite interactions could help to clarify the progression of human infections caused byGnathostoma binucleatum. The aim of this work was to study morphological changes in the liver and stomach ofD. virginianaduring natural infection and adult worm expulsion. Three opossums naturally infected withG. turgidumwere captured from an endemic area of gnathostomosis. Three uninfected opossums captured from a non-endemic area were used as controls. The opossums were sacrificed at different stages of infection (March, May and December), and a histopathological study of their livers and stomachs was conducted. Injuries in livers were observed by histopathology – areas of necrosis and collagen septa were identified. Parasites caused nodules with necrosis on the periphery of lesions, and collagen fibres were also observed in stomachs. Collagen septa may be caused by antigenic remains of the parasite. Further immunological studies are necessary to verify that stimulation is caused by these factors.
Overnight in-hospital observation following tonsillectomy: retrospective study of post-operative intervention
Authors: Morris S , Hassin E , Borschmann M 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjective:The safety of day-case tonsillectomy is widely documented in the literature; however, there are no evidence-based guidelines recommending patient characteristics that are incompatible with day-case tonsillectomy. This study aimed to identify which patients should be considered unsafe for day-case tonsillectomy based on the likelihood of needing critical intervention.Method:Retrospective review of 2863 tonsillectomy procedures performed at University Hospital Geelong from 1998 to 2014.Results:Of the patients, 7.81 per cent suffered a post-tonsillectomy complication and 4.15 per cent required intervention. The most serious complications, haemorrhage requiring a return to the operating theatre and airway compromise, occurred in 0.56 per cent and 0.11 per cent of patients respectively. The following patient characteristics were significantly associated with poorer outcomes: age of two years or less (p < 0.01), tonsillectomy indicated for neoplasm (p < 0.01) and quinsy (p < 0.05).Conclusion:The authors believe that all elective tonsillectomy patients should be considered for day-case surgery, with the following criteria necessitating overnight observation: age of two years or less; an indication for tonsillectomy of neoplasm or quinsy; and an American Society of Anesthesia score of more than 2.
Aristotle on the Eagle in Iliad 21.252: On Five Mistaken Homeric Scholia
Authors: Mayhew Robert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe vast majority of ‘fragments’ for Aristotle's lost Homeric Puzzles come from the Homeric scholia. Like other scholars studying this lost work, I do rely on them. But despite their value, it is important to recognize their limitations. This essay is an attempt to explain a set of Homeric scholia that attribute to Aristotle a surprising claim about the eagle in Iliad 21.252 (namely, that it is a black-boned eagle) and to argue that this attribution is erroneous. I conclude that the reports from these scholia in fact represent a mangling of another, more accurate, source, namely Porphyry's discussion (in his Homeric Questions) of the eagles in the Iliad. Further support for this conclusion comes from relevant passages in Eustathius and other scholia on Il. 21.252, as well as from POxy 221 (the remains of a commentary on Il. 21) and Aristotle's Historia animalium 3.9.
Thetis in the ‘Ovens’: A Reconsideration of Herodotus’ Topography of Magnesia
Authors: Van Rookhuijzen J.Z. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhile scholars have long acknowledged the limitations of Herodotus’ Histories as a historical source, Herodotus’ topography of the Persian Wars is still usually seen as historically reliable information. This article, by contrast, aims to show that memory studies offers an attractive means to understand this layer of information, as the alleged locations of events do not, in many cases, necessarily reflect the historical situation. Instead, these places may, for various reasons, have been designated as such in local traditions in the ca. 50 years between the wars and Herodotus’ research. As a case in point, this article discusses the topography of Herodotus’ story of the Persian shipwreck along the coast of Thessaly before the Battle of Artemision in 480 BC (Hdt. 7.183, 7.188, 7.191–92). It argues that the attitude among scholars automatically to regard the locations in this account as historically correct has created various problems. In doing so, it identifies the elusive place of Sepias with the coast near the town of Veneto where a remarkable cluster of sea caves (the so-called ‘Ovens’) plausibly formed an ‘anchor’ for the myth of the abduction of Thetis by Peleus, as well as for the Persian shipwreck.
Efficient motion generation for a six-legged robot walking on irregular terrain via integrated foothold selection and optimization-based whole-body planning
Authors: Tian Yuan , Gao Feng 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYIn this paper, an efficient motion planning method is proposed for a six-legged robot walking on irregular terrain. The method provides the robot with fast-generated free-gait motions to traverse the terrain with medium irregularities. We first of all introduce our six-legged robot with legs in parallel mechanism. After that, we decompose the motion planning problem into two main steps: first is the foothold selection based on a local footstep cost map, in which both terrain features and the robot mobility are considered; second is a whole-body configuration planner which casts the problem into a general convex optimization problem. Such decomposition reduces the complexity of the motion planning problem. Along with the two-step planner, discussions are also given in terms of the robot-environmental relationship, convexity of constraints and robot rotation integration. Both simulations and experiments are carried out on typical irregular terrains. The results demonstrate effectiveness of the planning method.
INTEGRATE-HTA: A LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Bijlmakers Leon , Mueller Debjani , Kahveci Rabia , Chen Yingyao , van der Wilt Gert Jan 
Published: November 2017

Objectives: The INTEGRATE-HTA project recommends that complexity be taken into account when conducting health technology assessments (HTAs) and suggests a five-step process for doing that. This study examines whether the approach suggested by INTEGRATE-HTA could be useful, appropriate, and feasible in the context of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) given some of the typical challenges that healthcare systems face in those countries.Methods: A nonexhaustive literature review was performed on the implementation in low and middle income countries of the five aspects recommended by the INTEGRATE-HTA project, using the following search terms: national health planning, health sector strategy, health sector performance, assessment criteria, health (management) information, complexity, context, stakeholder consultation.Results: HTA is being practiced in LMIC in various ways and through different mechanisms, for example in health sector reviews, even though it is usually not referred to as HTA. It does not necessarily follow the five steps distinguished in the INTEGRATE-HTA model (scoping; defining the initial logic model; providing concepts and methods to identify, collect, and synthesize evidence in relation to various dimensions; extracting and presenting evidence in respect of agreed assessment criteria; providing guidance to draw conclusions and formulate recommendations).Conclusions: The conditions for functional HTA are not always fulfilled in LMICs. At least four aspects would require special attention: (a) the scope and quality of routine health information that can support and be fed into health technology assessments and strategic planning; (b) consensus on health system performance assessment frameworks and their main criteria, in particular the inclusion of social disparities/equity and sustainability; (c) institutional capacity to set evidence-based priorities based on a variety of explicit criteria; (d) political will to engage with stakeholders in a transparent and inclusive consultation process about health priorities.
Simplicial volume of links from link diagrams
Authors: DASBACH OLIVER , TSVIETKOVA ANASTASIIA 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe hyperbolic volume of a link complement is known to be unchanged when a half-twist is added to a link diagram, and a suitable 3-punctured sphere is present in the complement. We generalise this to the simplicial volume of link complements by analysing the corresponding toroidal decompositions. We then use it to prove a refined upper bound for the volume in terms of twists of various lengths for links.
Characterization of West and Central African accessions from a pearl millet reference collection for agro-morphological traits and Striga resistance
Authors: Sattler F. T. , Sanogo M. D. , Kassari I. A. , Angarawai I. I. , Gwadi K. W. , Dodo H. , Haussmann B. I. G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTo promote the utilization of West and Central African (WCA) genetic resources of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], this study aimed at agro-morphological characterization of selected accessions from the pearl millet reference collection, established by the Generation Challenge Program and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). A total of 81 accessions were included, comprising 78 landraces originating from 13, predominantly WCA countries and three improved cultivars. All 81 accessions were evaluated together with 18 checks for resistance to the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. in an artificially infested field at one location in Niger. Determined by available seed quantity, 74 accessions were characterized together with seven checks in the rainy season 2009 in field trials under low-input and fertilized conditions in Nigeria, Niger and Mali, respectively. Wide ranges were observed for various traits. Several accessions were identified as sources for specific traits of interest, i.e. long panicles, high-grain density, earliness, Striga resistance and stable yielding across environments. The observed yield inferiority of all Genebank accessions compared with checks may indicate lost adaptation or inbreeding depression due to an insufficient effective population size during multiplication. A principal component analysis revealed an immense diversity but also strong admixture among the tested accessions, i.e. there were no clearly distinct groups. The seed of all genotypes is available from ICRISAT. The online availability of the characterization data is expected to facilitate efficient use of these pearl millet accessions by breeding programmes in WCA and worldwide.
America’s venture into the unknown
Authors: Davies Andrew 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
‘America’s venture into the unknown’ shows how large-scale engineering endeavours were delivered, often very successfully, long before the formal tools, language, and discipline of project management were available. It describes the Erie Canal project, America’s most ambitious and largest engineering project of the early 19th century to create the world’s largest inland waterway connecting New York with Lake Erie. Despite numerous obstacles, the project was completed on time, close to the original cost estimate. The project created knowledge where no such capability existed before and where many unknown conditions would have to be faced and overcome. It became its own school of engineering and a training ground for project managers. It was the key to America’s industrial future.
London’s megaproject ecology
Authors: Davies Andrew 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
‘London’s megaproject ecology’ describes some of the infrastructure megaprojects recently undertaken in London to illustrate some of the different ways of organizing projects. These include the Jubilee Line extension, High-Speed 1, the new fifth terminal at Heathrow, the Crossrail project, and London 2012 Olympics. It is important to understand the context within which projects are initiated and unfold over time. It raises many questions that cannot be answered by project management’s traditional preoccupation with the ‘lonely project’, such as: How do individuals, teams, and organizations involved in projects learn from the past? How do they develop their knowledge and prepare for the future? Four broad categories of project organizing are identified: single-project organizations, project-based organizations, project networks, and project ecologies.
Perception and action
Authors: Rogers Brian 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Perceptual processes have evolved to allow us to act appropriately. ‘Perception and action’ explains that the strong link between perception and action has been revealed in a variety of relatively low-level tasks such as helping us to maintain balance; providing information about our movements within the world (self-motion); allowing us to determine our direction of travel (heading); and helping us to estimate the time before we reach objects in the surrounding world (time-to-contact). James Gibson has suggested that the purpose of our perceptual systems is not to identify objects as objects, but rather to extract information about what we might do with those objects and how we might respond to events in the world.
Conditionals: what’s in an if?
Authors: Priest Graham 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A conditional is a sentence in the form ‘if a then c’. Logicians call a the antecedent of the conditional, and c the consequent. ‘Conditionals: what’s in an if’ looks at the importance of the conditional, which is fundamental to much of our reasoning. Yet, it is deeply puzzling. Conditionals have been studied in logic ever since its earliest times. It is important to note that in the kind of situation where you learn that a premiss is true by being informed of it, other factors are usually operating. We often make such inferences without thinking about them.
Inverse probability: you can’t be indifferent about it!
Authors: Priest Graham 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
People often confuse probabilities with their inverses. Many inductive arguments require us to reason about inverse probabilities. ‘Inverse probability: you can’t be indifferent about it!’ looks at the relationship between inverse probabilities, illustrating it with the Argument to Design, which asks: does not the fact that the physical cosmos is ordered in the way that it is give us reason to believe in the existence of a god of a certain kind? Logicians use the term Principle of Indifference to describe an important part of intuitive reasoning about probability: given a number of possibilities, with no relevant difference between them, they all have the same probability.
Some Results on the Locally Analytic Socle for $\textrm{GL}_{n}(\mathbb {Q}_{p})$
Authors: Ding Yiwen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe study some closed rigid subspaces of the eigenvarieties, constructed by using the Jacquet–Emerton functor for parabolic non-Borel subgroups. As an application (and motivation), we prove some new results on Breuil’s locally analytic socle conjecture for $\textrm {GL}_{n}(\mathbb {Q}_{p})$ and show the existence of companion points for simple reflections.
Local Mixing and Invariant Measures for Horospherical Subgroups on Abelian Covers
Authors: Oh Hee , Pan Wenyu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAbelian covers of hyperbolic three-manifolds are ubiquitous. We prove the local mixing theorem of the frame flow for abelian covers of closed hyperbolic three-manifolds. We obtain a classification theorem for measures invariant under the horospherical subgroup. We also describe applications to the prime geodesic theorem as well as to other counting and equidistribution problems. Our results are proved for any abelian cover of a homogeneous space Γ0∖G where G is a rank one simple Lie group and Γ0 &lt; G is a convex cocompact Zariski dense subgroup.
Complication Rates and Maintenance of Correction After 3-Column Osteotomy in the Elderly: Report of 55 Patients With 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Challier Vincent , Henry Jensen K , Liu Shian , Ames Christopher , Kebaish Khaled , Obeid Ibrahim , Hostin Richard , Gupta Munish , Boachie-Adjei Oheneba , Smith Justin S , Mundis Gregory , Bess Shay , Schwab Frank , Lafage Virginie ,   International Spine Study Group
Published: November 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Three-column osteotomies (3CO) provide substantial correction for adult spinal deformity (ASD), but carry risks of complications and revisions. The risk-benefit balance of 3CO in the elderly remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate sagittal alignment and complications after 3CO in a population over 70-yr old.

METHODS
Radiographic retrospective review of consecutive patients over 70 yr (“Elderly”) undergoing 3CO for ASD. Demographic, operative, and outcomes data were collected. Full-spine radiographs were analyzed at baseline and 2-yr postoperatively. Results were compared to a group of young controls (“Young”) matched by global sagittal alignment.

RESULTS
Elderly (n = 55) and Young (n = 52) were similar in operating room time, blood loss, levels fused, and revision surgeries. Elderly and Young groups had similar baseline radiographic malalignment for pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence−lumbar lordosis (PI-LL), and sagittal vertical axis (P > .5 for all). At 2-yr postoperatively, both groups underwent significant improvement in the setting of sagittal alignment parameters (Elderly: sagittal vertical axis 150 mm to 59 mm, P < .001; pelvic tilt 33° to 25°, P < .001; PI-LL 35° to PI-LL 6°, P < .001). However, the Elderly group underwent significantly greater correction in PI-LL than the Young group (−29° vs −20°, P = .024). There were no differences in total, intraoperative or postoperative complications or revisions between groups, though the Elderly group had more intraoperative complications when major blood loss was included. The Elderly group had more severe proximal junctional kyphosis (22.1° vs 9.6° in Young; P < .001).

CONCLUSION
Compared to young patients, elderly patients may achieve the same, or even better, correction in radiographic spinopelvic parameters. In addition, not only the total intraoperative and postoperative complication rates but also revision rates were comparable between both groups.
Health Passes, Print and Public Health in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Bamji Alexandra 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Early modern governments produced a wide range of printed texts as part of their public health strategies, including broadsheets, flysheets and pamphlets. This study focuses on health passes, a form of ephemeral print which asserted that the bearer had travelled from a city which was free from plague. Passes were printed forms with textual, iconographic and material features which sought to enhance their authority, credibility and usability. Completed forms provide evidence of their users and of how passes were adapted in response to particular perceived threats. This study examines passes issued by a large number of European cities to argue for the development of a shared European culture of public health print, inspired by recognition of print’s persuasiveness, efficiency and capacity to transcend the boundaries of place.
Analyzing the Readability of Online Urogynecologic Patient Information
Authors: Stewart J. Ryan , Heit Michael H. , Meriwether Kate V. , Hobson Deslyn T. , Francis Sean L. 
Published: November 2017

Objective
We sought to describe the readability of Web sites arising from the most common Google search terms related to pelvic organ prolapse, bladder control, and bowel control.

Methods
Google was queried to capture the top 100 search results for the keywords in each disease group. For the top 20 results of each keyword, we analyzed the text for readability using 4 readability formulas: Dale-Chall, Gunning-Fog, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level.
Readability scores were compared using 1-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05), and the Tukey test was performed to characterize any significant differences. The χ

2
tests were used to compare results above and below the eighth grade reading level. Spearman correlations were used to compare the reliability of the different readability formulas.

Results
We evaluated 2731 unique Web sites for readability, of which 2334 (85%) had a SMOG score at or above an eighth grade reading level. The mean SMOG score was 9.7 ± 2.1. Web sites in the bladder control keyword group had statistically higher SMOG scores than those in the bowel control and pelvic organ prolapse groups, with means of 9.9 ± 2.0, 9.4 ± 2.1, and 9.6 ± 2.0, respectively. The SMOG was found to be the most reliable.

Conclusions
The vast majority of urogynecologic information available to patients on the Internet is written at or above an eighth grade reading level despite longstanding recommendations to the contrary. Clinicians should advise patients that the information they find online may be difficult to understand.
Whole-genome sequencing analysis of copy number variation (CNV) using low-coverage and paired-end strategies is efficient and outperforms array-based CNV analysis
Authors: Zhou Bo , Ho Steve S. , Zhang Xianglong , Pattni Reenal , Haraksingh Rajini R. , Urban Alexander E. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundCNV analysis is an integral component to the study of human genomes in both research and clinical settings. Array-based CNV analysis is the current first-tier approach in clinical cytogenetics. Decreasing costs in high-throughput sequencing and cloud computing have opened doors for the development of sequencing-based CNV analysis pipelines with fast turnaround times. We carry out a systematic and quantitative comparative analysis for several low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (WGS) strategies to detect CNV in the human genome.MethodsWe compared the CNV detection capabilities of WGS strategies (short-insert, 3kb-, and 5kb-insert mate-pair) each at 1x, 3x, and 5x coverages relative to each other and to 17 currently used high-density oligonucleotide arrays. For benchmarking, we used a set of Gold Standard (GS) CNVs generated for the 1000-Genomes-Project CEU subject NA12878.ResultsOverall, low-coverage WGS strategies detect drastically more GS CNVs compared to arrays and are accompanied with smaller percentages of CNV calls without validation. Furthermore, we show that WGS (at ≥1x coverage) is able to detect all seven GS deletion-CNVs >100 kb in NA12878 whereas only one is detected by most arrays. Lastly, we show that the much larger 15 Mbp Cri-du-chat deletion can be readily detected with short-insert paired-end WGS at even just 1x coverage.ConclusionsCNV analysis using low-coverage WGS is efficient and outperforms the array-based analysis that is currently used for clinical cytogenetics.