bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk evaluation for needle‐nerve contact related to electrical nerve stimulation in a porcine model
Authors: Vassiliou T. , Müller H.‐H. , Limberg S. , De Andres J. , Steinfeldt T. , Wiesmann T. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundFor performing peripheral nerve blocks, the risk for needle‐nerve contact (NNC) as an adverse event for low and high current thresholds has not yet been clearly defined when nerve stimulator guided techniques were applied. This experimental study aimed to investigate the risk of NNCs when applying stimulation currents between 0.1 and 2 mA (in increments of 0.1 mA).MethodsBrachial plexus nerves were exposed surgically in five anesthetized pigs. An insulated needle connected to a nerve stimulator was placed at 10 mm distance to the targeted nerves. Current intensity was adjusted according to randomization (0.1–2.0 mA, increments of 0.1 mA). The needle tip was advanced toward the nerve until a motor response was elicited. The frequencies of NNCs for each of the adjusted current intensities were noted. Risks of NNCs were calculated according to the analysis of 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsWe executed 2000 needle placements with stimulation currents ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 mA. The risks for NNC at low current intensities were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.77–0.91) for 0.3 mA and 0.5 (95% CI, 0.4–0.6) for 0.5 mA, respectively. For high current intensities, risks of 0.13 (95% CI, 0.07–0.21) for 0.9 mA and 0.01 (95% CI, 0–0.05) for 1.1 mA were calculated.ConclusionsIn this experimental animal study, a relevant reduction in the risk of NNCs could be observed when high current intensities (0.9–1.1 mA) were applied compared to low current intensities (0.3–0.5 mA).
A single‐ versus double‐layered closure technique for full‐thickness lower eyelid defects: a comparative study
Authors: Verhoekx Jennifer S. N. , Soebhag Renoe K. , Weijtens Olga , van den Bosch Willem A. , Paridaens Dion 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeTo compare a simplified, single‐layered closure technique with a double‐layered closure technique in lower eyelid reconstruction following full‐thickness pentagonal block excision.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, non‐randomized, interventional case–control study. Clinical data of consecutive patients treated with primary closure of a full‐thickness lower eyelid defect between 2011 and 2014 were analysed. In group A, the defect was closed in one layer, using non‐absorbable polypropylene sutures. In group B, the defect was closed in two layers, using absorbable polyglactin acid sutures. In both techniques, we rarely used a grey line suture to adjust the eyelid margin. We assessed notching, wound dehiscence and other complications, as reported at 2 months after surgery.ResultsWe included 188 eyelids from 186 patients. In group A, we included 82 eyelids and in group B 106 eyelids. We noted no difference in notching (p = 0.96) whilst wound dehiscence had not occurred in either group. Subcutaneous granuloma formation had been noted in 0 cases in group A, versus 4 in group B (p = 0.08). Mild redness of the scar was seen in 2 cases in group A, versus 5 in group B (p = 0.41). A grey line suture was placed in 6 cases in group A (7.3%), versus 4 cases in group B (3.8%; p = 0.28).ConclusionBoth single‐ and double‐layered closure techniques are safe and effective methods for primary closure of full‐thickness lower eyelid defects. In both techniques, a grey line suture was rarely required to adjust the eyelid margin.
Immediate dental implant placement into infected vs. non‐infected sockets: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Dan , Wu Yaqin , Xu Chun , Zhang Fuqiang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis meta‐analysis was aimed at assessing whether immediate dental implant placement into infected vs. non‐infected sites produced different effects on implant failure risk and marginal bone loss.Material and methodsRelevant studies were identified by searching articles in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library through February 2015 and by reviewing the reference lists of the retrieved articles. When an intervention led to dichotomous outcomes, the outcomes were expressed as risk ratios, whereas continuous outcomes were expressed as mean differences in millimeters; each had a 95% confidence interval. Study‐specific estimates were combined using fixed‐effects models.ResultsA total of 1743 articles were identified following the search process. Seven studies were finally included in the meta‐analysis, which comprised a total of 1586 implants and 25 failures. Compared to the immediate insertion of a dental implant into a non‐infected site, the insertion of an implant into an infected site showed 116% increase in the risk of implant failure, which had borderline statistical significance (risk ratio = 2.16, 95% confidence interval: 0.97, 4.80, P = 0.058; heterogeneity: I2 = 0.0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.997). With regard to marginal bone loss, we observed no statistically significant difference between insertions into infected vs. non‐infected sites (mean difference = −0.04, 95% confidence interval: −0.09, 0.02, P = 0.173, heterogeneity: I2 = 0.0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.765).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis suggests that immediately placing a dental implant into an infected site may increase the risk of implant failure. Given the presence of uncontrolled confounders in the studies that were assessed, the results should be interpreted with caution.
Single cross‐sectional area of pectoralis muscle by computed tomography – correlation with bioelectrical impedance based skeletal muscle mass in healthy subjects
Authors: Kim Young Saing , Kim Eun Young , Kang Shin Myung , Ahn Hee Kyung , Kim Hyung Sik 
Published: December 2015

SummaryPurposeSkeletal muscle depletion is an important prognostic factor in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); a recent study demonstrated significant correlations between pectoralis muscle area on an axial CT image and COPD‐related traits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between pectoralis muscle areas on CT scans and total body skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in healthy subjects.MethodsFor 434 subjects that underwent a low‐dose chest CT and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) during health screening from January to June of 2014, cross‐sectional area of pectoralis muscles were measured in CT scans. Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between cross‐sectional CT areas of pectoralis muscles and BIA‐assessed SMMs.ResultsMean age was 50 ± 10 years (78·8% were male). The mean cross‐sectional area of pectoralis muscles was 24·1 cm2 ± 6·8. A moderate correlation was observed between pectoralis muscle area and BIA‐based SMM (r = 0·665, P<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed CT determined pectoralis muscle area was significantly associated with BIA‐assessed SMM after adjusting for gender, weight, height and age (β = 0·14 ± 0·02, P<0·001).ConclusionCross‐sectional area of the pectoralis muscles on single axial CT images shows moderate correlation with total body SMM determined by BIA in healthy subjects.
A preclinical dental trauma teaching module
Authors: Marriot‐Smith Charlotte , Marino Victor , Heithersay Geoffrey Sinclair 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA dental trauma exercise using the anterior segment of a sheep mandible as a model has been incorporated into the undergraduate dental programme at the University of Adelaide since 2011. Students are required to replant a simulated tooth avulsion, reposition a laterally luxated tooth injury and then apply a flexible splint consisting of 40 lb fishing nylon attached with a resin‐modified glass ionomer cement, GC Fuji Ortho LC. The exercise concludes with the simple removal of the splint with a spoon excavator. The acrylic mounted formalin‐fixed sheep mandible is reusable, which has obvious economic and practical advantages.
Neocortical 40 Hz oscillations during carbachol‐induced rapid eye movement sleep and cataplexy
Authors: Torterolo Pablo , Castro‐Zaballa Santiago , Cavelli Matías , Chase Michael H. , Falconi Atilio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHigher cognitive functions require the integration and coordination of large populations of neurons in cortical and subcortical regions. Oscillations in the gamma band (30–45 Hz) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) have been involved in these cognitive functions. In previous studies, we analysed the extent of functional connectivity between cortical areas employing the ‘mean squared coherence' analysis of the EEG gamma band. We demonstrated that gamma coherence is maximal during alert wakefulness and is almost absent during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The nucleus pontis oralis (NPO) is critical for REM sleep generation. The NPO is considered to exert executive control over the initiation and maintenance of REM sleep. In the cat, depending on the previous state of the animal, a single microinjection of carbachol (a cholinergic agonist) into the NPO can produce either REM sleep [REM sleep induced by carbachol (REMc)] or a waking state with muscle atonia, i.e. cataplexy [cataplexy induced by carbachol (CA)]. In the present study, in cats that were implanted with electrodes in different cortical areas to record polysomnographic activity, we compared the degree of gamma (30–45 Hz) coherence during REMc, CA and naturally‐occurring behavioural states. Gamma coherence was maximal during CA and alert wakefulness. In contrast, gamma coherence was almost absent during REMc as in naturally‐occurring REM sleep. We conclude that, in spite of the presence of somatic muscle paralysis, there are remarkable differences in cortical activity between REMc and CA, which confirm that EEG gamma (≈40 Hz) coherence is a trait that differentiates wakefulness from REM sleep.
Relationship between immune function recovery and infectious complications in patients following living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Kobayashi Shinichiro , Soyama Akihiko , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Hidaka Masaaki , Adachi Tomohiko , Kitasato Amane , Kinoshita Ayaka , Hara Takanobu , Kanetaka Kengo , Fujita Fumihiko , Kuroki Tamotsu , Eguchi Susumu 
Published: December 2015

AimThe ImmuKnow (IK) assay enables the evaluation of peripheral blood CD4+ adenosine triphosphate activity to facilitate an objective assessment of the cellular immune function in immunosuppressed patients. However, it is unclear whether the IK assay is utilized during the acute postoperative periods following living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).MethodsThe IK values of 43 LDLT recipients were measured during the month following LDLT to evaluate the relationship between the measured IK values and infectious events.ResultsThe IK values after LDLT were significantly increased compared with the IK values before LDLT ( P < 0.01). During the month following transplantation, the rate of bacterial infection in the recipients with IK values of more than 225 ng/mL was significantly lower than that in the recipients with IK values of 225 ng/mL or less ( 42.1% vs 91.7%, respectively; P < 0.01). The rate of severe infections among the recipients who maintained IK values of more than 150 ng/mL was significantly lower than that among the recipients with IK values of 150 ng/mL or less during the month following transplantation ( 3.7% vs 56.3%, respectively; P < 0.01).ConclusionThe immune system of LDLT recipients dramatically improved following transplantation. The IK values of LDLT recipients were associated with the incidence of infectious events during the perioperative period after LDLT. Monitoring IK values was useful during both the acute and long‐term postoperative periods.
Calcium sulphate‐induced soya bean protein tofu‐type gels: influence of denaturation and particle size
Authors: Zhao Haibo , Li Weiwei , Qin Fang , Chen Jie 
Published: December 2015

SummarySoya bean protein isolate (SPI) dispersions (7.25%, w/v) were heated at 65, 75, 85 or 90 °C for different time periods to produce SPI aggregates with diverse degrees of denaturation and particle size to investigate the effects on calcium sulphate (CaSO4)‐induced tofu‐type gel. The results revealed that gel hardness and water‐holding capacity correlated positively with the degree of denaturation of glycinin (11S) and the particle size of the SPI aggregates. The formed gels showed more uniform and denser network structures with increasing degrees of denaturation and particle size of SPI. Hydrophobic interaction was speculated to be the crucial factor for the retention of gels prepared by SPI whose degree of denaturation by 11S was lower than 4.35%. However, disulphide bonds probably played a more important role in the retention of gels generated by SPI with the 11S denaturation degree of >84.47%. Moreover, the bulk density of the protein aggregates might determine the gel structures to a certain extent.
Effect of puffing conditions on physical properties and rehydration characteristic of instant rice product
Authors: Wongsa Jittimon , Uttapap Dudsadee , Lamsal Buddhi P. , Rungsardthong Vilai 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe aim of this work was to study the effects of puffing conditions on the properties of instant rice and to obtain optimal processing condition for product with rehydration time within 5 min. Thai jasmine rice was soaked, cooked and dried at 80 °C in a tray dryer before being puffed at different moisture contents (15–20% wb), temperatures (200–220 °C) and time intervals (20–30 s). The rice puffed at higher moisture contents and puffing temperatures for longer time exhibited higher volume expansion ratios and shorter rehydration times. Presumably, case hardening of the grain surface occurred. Instant rice that can be rehydrated in 5 min with more acceptable hardness than the commercial instant rice was obtained. Regression models to predict the quality of instant rice were developed using response surface methodology.
Utilization and impact of surgical technique on the performance of pelvic lymph node dissection at radical prostatectomy: Results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database
Authors: McGinley Kathleen F , Sun Xizi , Howard Lauren E , Aronson William J , Terris Martha K , Kane Christopher J , Amling Christopher L , Cooperberg Matthew R , Freedland Stephen J 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate performance of pelvic lymph node dissection during radical prostatectomy within an equal access care setting over a period of time, and stratified by prostate cancer risk group and surgical technique.MethodsWe identified men in the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database who had open or robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy from 2006 to 2013. Univariable logistic regression was used to test the association between age, race, body mass index, total biopsy cores, number of positive biopsy cores, risk group, year, center, surgical volume and surgical technique on pelvic lymph node dissection use. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to examine surgical technique and pelvic lymph node dissection performance. Spearman's correlation examined temporal changes in pelvic lymph node dissection utilization stratified by risk group and surgical technique.ResultsA total of 1425 men met inclusion criteria; 67% of them underwent pelvic lymph node dissection. On multivariable analysis, robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy was associated with an 92% decreased use of pelvic lymph node dissection in low‐risk, 84% decreased in intermediate‐risk and 91% decreased in high‐risk men (all P < 0.001). In robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy, there was a trend for increased pelvic lymph node dissection utilization over time in high‐risk men (Spearman; P = 0.077) reaching ~85% in 2012–2013, which was accompanied by increased use in low‐risk men (P = 0.016). For open radical prostatectomy, fewer pelvic lymph node dissections were carried out in low‐risk men over time, decreasing to ~35% (P = 0.047) in 2012–2013, whereas rates remained high for high‐risk men throughout (~95%; P = 0.621).ConclusionRegardless of risk group, pelvic lymph node dissection is carried out significantly less during robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy. For robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy, pelvic lymph node dissection utilization increased over time for high‐risk men, but rates also increased for low‐risk men. Further attention to the discrepancy between provided and guideline recommended pelvic lymph node dissection performance is required to improve prostate cancer care.
Serum homocysteine level and gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Gong Tian , Wang Jing , Yang Mei , Shao Yan , Liu Juning , Wu Qianlan , Xu Qinhua , Wang Huiying , He Xiuyu , Chen Yunzhen , Xu Rong , Wang Yun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionHomocysteine levels during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been studied; however, it remains unclear whether hyperhomocysteinemia is a useful predictor of insulin resistance. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between homocysteine level and GDM.Materials and MethodsPubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science and CNKI were searched for relevant studies published up to January 2015. Manual searches of references of the relevant original studies were carried out. Meta‐analysis was used to assessed the relationship between homocysteine level and GDM using the stata 12.0 software.ResultsHomocysteine levels were significantly elevated in women with GDM compared with those without GDM (weighted mean difference 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.44–1.10). This evidence was more consistent during the second trimester measurement of homocysteine (weighted mean difference 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.67–1.23) and for women aged older than 30 years (weighted mean difference 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.63–1.17).ConclusionsThe present meta‐analysis shows that homocysteine level is significantly elevated among women with GDM compared with women with normal glucose tolerance, and this finding persists more during the second trimester.
Intraventricular apolipoprotein ApoJ infusion acts protectively in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Huang Zhijian , Cheng Chongjie , Jiang Li , Yu Zhanyang , Cao Fang , Zhong Jianjun , Guo Zongduo , Sun Xiaochuan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in youth, but to date, effective therapies are still lacking. Previous studies revealed a marked response of apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) expression to the brain injury. The aim of this study was to determine the potential roles of ApoJ in functional recovery following TBI. After controlled cortex impact (CCI), a TBI model, in adult wild‐type mice, ApoJ expression was up‐regulated since 6 h post‐injury and sustained for 5 days. Animals infused with recombinant human ApoJ intraventricularly at 30 min prior to CCI showed significantly reduced oxidative stress (3‐nitrotyrosine, 4‐hydroxynonenal) and complement activation (C5b‐9). In addition, ApoJ treatment was shown to suppress the inflammatory response (glial activation, cytokine expression), blood–brain barrier disruption (Evans blue extravasation), and cerebral edema (water content) induced by CCI. Concomitantly, improved neuronal maintenance and neurological behavioral performance were observed in ApoJ‐treated mice compared with the vehicle group. These findings support a neuroprotective role of ApoJ via multifunctional pathways, providing a novel and encouraging treatment strategy for TBI.
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Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) was up‐regulated after controlled cortical impact (CCI). Mice infused with human recombinant ApoJ prior to CCI showed reduced expression of complement and oxidative marker proteins as well as reduced inflammatory response and attenuated blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and cerebral edema. Neuronal maintenance and behavioral performance were improved by ApoJ infusion. These findings demonstrated the protective function of ApoJ for traumatic brain injury (TBI) therapy.
Identification and Characterization of Paraphoma chrysanthemicola Causing Leaf Spot Disease on Atractylodes japonica in China
Authors: Ge Xinxin , Zhou Rujun , Yuan Yue , Xu Haijiao , Fu Junfan , Li Hongbo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAtractylodes japonica is a perennial herb in Compositae family, which is used for stomach disorders as a traditional Chinese medicine (Guo et al. ). In 2013, a leaf spot disease was first observed on plants of A. japonica in a production field of Fushun County, Liaoning Province, China. The disease had a speckled appearance initially. Lesions with grey–white centre and brown margin gradually developed and enlarged. Eventually, infections usually caused yellowing of the leaves and premature defoliation. The causal agent of infection on plants was identified as Paraphoma chrysanthemicola based on morphological and cultural characteristics, pathogenicity tests and phylogenetic analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a leaf spot disease on A. japonica caused by P. chrysanthemicola in China.
Antidiarrhoeal, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of myrtle berries (Myrtus communis L.) seeds extract
Authors: Jabri Mohamed-Amine , Rtibi Kais , Ben-Said Amira , Aouadhi Chedia , Hosni Karim , Sakly Mohsen , Sebai Hichem 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The present study was carried out to determine the antidiarrheal effects of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) berries seeds aqueous extract (MBSAE) from Tunisia as well as the involvement of its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in such protection.

Methods
Adult male wistar rats were used and divided into six groups of ten each: control, Castor oil, Castor oil + Loperamide and Castor oil + various doses of MBSAE. Animals were per orally (p.o.) pre-treated with MBSAE for one hour and intoxicated by castor oil acute oral administration.

Key findings
Our results demonstrated that the MBSAE is rich in total and condensed tannins and exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. In vivo, we found that MBSAE administration induced a significant dose-dependent protection against diarrhoea and intestinal fluid accumulation. Castor oil-induced intestinal hypersecretion was accompanied by an oxidative stress status in the intestine. More importantly, we showed that acute diarrhoea was accompanied by an increase in intestinal mucosa hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), calcium and free iron levels while MBSAE pre-treatment reversed all castor oil-induced intracellular mediators disturbances.

Conclusions
We suggest that MBSAE had a potent protective effects against castor oil-induced acute diarrhoea due in part to its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
Mutual Deformity: Ignaz Moscheles's Seventh and William Sterndale Bennett's Fourth Piano Concertos
Authors: Taylor Benedict 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTWhile neither the music of Ignaz Moscheles nor that of William Sterndale Bennett feature in the modern repertoire, the piano concertos of both composers form part of a significant body of works from the early nineteenth century that offer models at variance with conventional accounts of the concerto genre. The opening movements of Moscheles's Concerto No. 7 in C minor (Concerto pathétique, 1835–6) and Bennett's Concerto No. 4 in F minor (1838) are cast in single‐exposition concerto form, but each has features that complicate its relationship with the five types of Sonata Form set out in Hepokoski and Darcy's Elements of Sonata Theory. Both are similarly unusual in that they return to the tonic minor for the second ritornello statement, which by convention signifies the closure of the ‘larger exposition’; and, probably as a consequence of the pre‐emptive reappearance of primary material in the tonic here, their recapitulations are drastically abridged, complicating the post‐expositional stages of the form. These two works thus provide a rich theoretical and hermeneutical challenge to the historiography of nineteenth‐century instrumental form.