bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individualised physiotherapy as an adjunct to guideline-based advice for low back disorders in primary care: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ford Jon J , Hahne Andrew J , Surkitt Luke D , Chan Alexander Y P , Richards Matthew C , Slater Sarah L , Hinman Rana S , Pizzari Tania , Davidson Megan , Taylor Nicholas F 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundMany patients with low-back disorders persisting beyond 6 weeks do not recover. This study investigates whether individualised physiotherapy plus guideline-based advice results in superior outcomes to advice alone in participants with low-back disorders.MethodsThis prospective parallel group multicentre randomised controlled trial was set in 16 primary care physiotherapy practices in Melbourne, Australia. Random assignment resulted in 156 participants receiving 10 sessions of physiotherapy that was individualised based on pathoanatomical, psychosocial and neurophysiological barriers to recovery combined with guideline-based advice, and 144 participants receiving 2 sessions of physiotherapist-delivered advice alone. Primary outcomes were activity limitation (Oswestry Disability Index) and numerical rating scales for back and leg pain at 5, 10, 26 and 52 weeks postbaseline. Analyses were by intention-to-treat using linear mixed models.ResultsBetween-group differences showed significant effects favouring individualised physiotherapy for back and leg pain at 10 weeks (back: 1.3, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.8; leg: 1.1, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.7) and 26 weeks (back: 0.9, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.4; leg: 1.0, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.6). Oswestry favoured individualised physiotherapy at 10 weeks (4.7; 95% CI 2.0 to 7.5), 26 weeks (5.4; 95% CI 2.6 to 8.2) and 52 weeks (4.3; 95% CI 1.4 to 7.1). Responder analysis at 52 weeks showed participants receiving individualised physiotherapy were more likely to improve by a clinically important amount of 50% from baseline for Oswestry (relative risk (RR=1.3) 1.5; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.8) and back pain (RR 1.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.8) than participants receiving advice alone.Conclusions10 sessions of individualised physiotherapy was more effective than 2 sessions of advice alone in participants with low-back disorders of ≥6 weeks and ≤6 months duration. Between-group changes were sustained at 12 months for activity limitation and 6 months for back and leg pain and were likely to be clinically significant.Clinical trial registrationACTRN12609000834257.
Nutrition interventions for children aged less than 5 years following natural disasters: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Pradhan Pranil Man Singh , Dhital Rolina , Subhani Huma 
Published: December 2015

IntroductionMalnutrition among children is a serious public health problem in the aftermath of any natural disaster. We will review the various nutrition interventions for children aged <5 years in countries where natural disasters occurred and analyse the effect on nutrition-related outcomes.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review on nutrition intervention studies following natural disasters that were published between January 2000 and December 2015. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) tool will be used for randomised controlled trials and Risk of Bias Assessment for Non-Randomized Studies (RoBANS) will be used for non-randomised studies. The quality of evidence will be assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. If sufficient data are available, we will conduct meta-analyses to establish the relationship between nutrition interventions and nutrition outcome indicators. All statistical analyses will be performed using Review Manager (Rev Man) V.5.3 for Windows. Heterogeneity of the data will be tested using the standard χ2test. A fixed-effect model will be used for the studies with high heterogeneity (p value>0.10, I2≤50%). For dichotomous and continuous data, relative risk (RR) and mean difference with 95% CI will be used respectively. Subgroup analysis will be performed for studies with low heterogeneity (p value ≤0.10). We will use Z score with the level of significance set at p value <0.05 to test the total effect. Funnel plots will be used to detect publication bias.Ethics and disseminationAs primary data will not be collected, formal ethical approval will not be required. The results will be disseminated by publication in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and the media.Registration detailsInternational Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42015023243 was registered on 1 June 2015.
Surgical clipping versus endovascular coiling for elderly patients presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Bekelis Kimon , Gottlieb Dan , Su Yin , O'Malley Alistair J , Labropoulos Nicos , Goodney Phillip , MacKenzie Todd A 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThe comparative effectiveness of the two treatment options (surgical clipping and endovascular coiling) for ruptured cerebral aneurysms has not been studied in real-world practice in the USA. We investigated the association between the treatment method for ruptured cerebral aneurysms and outcomes.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of elderly patients who underwent treatment for ruptured cerebral aneurysms from 2007 to 2012 using a 100% sample of Medicare fee-for-service claims data. An instrumental variable analysis was used to control for unmeasured confounding and to create pseudo-randomization on the treatment method. In sensitivity analysis, controlling only for measured confounding, we used propensity score conditioning and inverse probability weighting with mixed effects to account for clustering at the Hospital Referral Region (HRR) level.ResultsDuring the study period 3210 patients underwent treatment for ruptured cerebral aneurysms and met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 1206 (37.6%) had surgical clipping and 2004 (62.4%) had endovascular coiling. Instrumental variable analysis demonstrated no difference between coiling and clipping in 1-year postoperative mortality (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.54), likelihood of discharge to rehabilitation (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.72 to 1.58), or 30-day readmission rate (OR 1.44; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.87). However, clipping was associated with 2.7 days longer length of stay (LOS) (95% CI 0.45 to 4.99). The same associations were present in propensity score adjusted and inverse probability weighted models.ConclusionsIn a cohort of Medicare patients, we did not demonstrate a difference in mortality, rate of discharge to rehabilitation, and readmissions between clipping and coiling of ruptured cerebral aneurysms. Clipping was associated with a slightly longer LOS.
New Strategies in Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Oligometastases
Authors: Palma David A. , Louie Alexander V. , Rodrigues George B. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Patients with metastatic solid tumors are usually treated with palliative intent. Systemic therapy and palliative radiation are often used, with the goals of prolonging survival or maintaining quality of life, but not of cure. In contrast to this paradigm, the theory of oligometastasis suggests that some patients who have a small number of metastases may be amenable to cure if all lesions can be eradicated. Aggressive treatment of patients with oligometastases, using either surgery or radiotherapy, has become more common in the past decade, yet in most situations, no randomized evidence is available to support such an approach. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is a novel treatment for oligometastases, delivering large doses of radiotherapy in only a few treatments, with excellent rates of local control, and appears to be an excellent noninvasive alternative to surgical resection of metastases. This article reviews recent biologic and clinical data that support the existence of the oligometastatic state and discusses gaps in this evidence base. The emerging role for SABR in the management of this challenging patient population is discussed with a focus on ongoing clinical trials in an attempt to improve overall survival, delay progression, or induce immunologic anticancer effects through the abscopal effect. Clin Cancer Res; 21(23); 5198–204. ©2015 AACR.
A trajetória de João Cruz Costa e a formação da filosofia uspiana: algumas considerações sobre o campo intelectual brasileiro nas décadas de 1940 e 1950
Authors: Oliveira Francini Venâncio de 
Published: December 2015

<p>Pretende-se reconstruir o itinerário intelectual do filósofo e historiador das ideias João Cruz Costa, tendo em vista discutir o projeto político que perpassa o conjunto de sua obra e, ainda, a importância que a Universidade de São Paulo – seu locus por excelência de trabalho – teve para sua trajetória. O objetivo, nesse sentido, é ampliar o foco de análise e matizar o papel que instituições como a USP, assim como o Iseb, tiveram para uma geração de intelectuais brasileiros que, em meados do século XX, envolveu-se com velhos e conhecidos temas do pensamento social brasileiro e reacendeu o debate em torno dos problemas de formação de nosso campo intelectual.</p>
Na Contramão da (Pós-)Modernidade: o “marxismo Romântico” de Michael Löwy
Authors: Querido Fabio Mascaro 
Published: December 2015

<p>O objetivo mais geral deste artigo é apresentar a leitura crítica de Michael Löwy acerca da modernidade. Para tanto, busca-se compreender o trajeto teórico da crítica da modernidade em Michael Löwy, em sua valorização da análise weberiana da modernidade, da crítica de Walter Benjamin às ideologias do progresso e, por fim, da rejeição ecossocialista do modelo civilizatório moderno. Pretende-se, enfim, situar preliminarmente a crítica “marxista-romântica” da modernidade – efetuada por Löwy – no contexto do congestionamento histórico da crença no progresso e na modernização. Parte-se da hipótese, portanto, de que a obra de Michael Löwy, especialmente seus textos dirigidos à crítica da modernidade, responde às transformações contemporâneas do capitalismo, insistindo na necessidade de uma ruptura do marxismo com o paradigma civilizatório moderno. </p>
A comunidade: da sociologia clássica à sociologia contemporânea
Authors: Mocellim Alan Delazeri 
Published: December 2015

<p>A comunidade é um dos conceitos de maior importância, desde o nascimento da Sociologia. Sua relevância permanece tal que o debate em torno de sua definição é contínuo, adentrando a teoria social contemporânea. Recorrente nesse debate é a dicotomia entre comunidade e sociedade e entre a forma de vida tradicional e a moderna. Neste artigo, debatem-se algumas das principais teorizações clássicas e contemporâneas sobre a ideia de comunidade, enfocando principalmente as teorias que contrapõem as relações sociais comunitárias e a individualização característica da vida moderna. Entre os “clássicos” da Sociologia, optou-se por debater as teorias de Émile Durkheim e Ferdinand Tönnies, e, entre as teorias contemporâneas, optou-se pelas de Michel Maffesoli e Zygmunt Bauman. O objetivo aqui é demarcar divergências e similitudes entre suas diferentes abordagens.</p>
I Congresso Brasileiro de Economia 1943: atores, intelectuais e ideologias na constituição de uma consciência de classe entre os industriais e a consolidação do projeto industrialista
Authors: Aquino Arthur De 
Published: December 2015

<p>Este trabalho consistiu em duas tarefas básicas: o mapeamento e a sistematização dos Anais do I Congresso Brasileiro de Economia e o cruzamento com a ação de Roberto Simonsen, líder do segmento industrialista. A liderança de Simonsen caracteriza um momento sui generis na formação de uma consciência corporativa de classe entre os industriais, uma vez que eles superam o imediatismo conjuntural de suas demandas. A importância do estudo em questão está na compreensão de um projeto de nação por parte dos industriais, cujo contexto possui Simonsen como o ator que consegue ordenar o segmento industrialista, aprofundando e dando consistência à argumentação. Os objetivos da pesquisa consistiram na análise da agenda do Congresso, seus temas, debates e recomendações, com o fim de identificar os paradigmas teóricos, políticos e econômicos do período, assim como cruzar com a obra de Simonsen e o contexto histórico. O texto conclui com os principais pontos do projeto industrialista, extraídos das recomendações do Congresso ao governo.</p>
A retórica como saber sujeitado
Authors: Rezende Wagner Silveira 
Published: December 2015

<p>Este trabalho busca apresentar as principais críticas e os elementos que levaram a retórica a ocupar uma posição subalterna e obscura na trajetória do pensamento ocidental, sendo excluída como forma legítima do fazer científico. Da crítica platônica ao pensamento cartesiano fundado na evidência, a retórica experimentou também fortes objeções oriundas do nominalismo hobbesiano. Apesar do esforço aristotélico para apresentar uma concepção digna acerca da arte retórica, esta última foi tratada, principalmente a partir do século XVI, como um saber de menor importância. Este ensaio de sociologia da ciência objetiva apontar os fatores que levaram a esse descrédito.</p>
Integração regional e coesão social no Mercosul: uma análise à luz da teoria da dependência
Authors: Müller Jonatan Pozzobon 
Published: December 2015

<p>A história da América Latina ocorreu de forma paralela ao sistema capitalista internacional. O continente inaugurou, já no século XV, uma relação histórica de dependência com o centro do sistema mundial, fato que condicionou o modelo de desenvolvimento econômico e social ao fracasso. Com a colaboração nefasta da globalização neoliberal das últimas décadas, a região mergulhou em um caos social generalizado. A fim de reverter essa situação, instigaram-se os debates acerca dos processos de integração regional e de como eles poderiam viabilizar uma inserção autônoma na disputa capitalista internacional. Conforme o concebido pelos intelectuais da teoria da dependência da década de 1960, a ação integrada dos agentes sociais, parlamentares, partidários e sindicais alavancaria o pleno desenvolvimento regional. O objetivo deste artigo é situar a integração regional como pré-requisito para se alcançar a coesão social no âmbito do Mercosul, garantindo, dessa forma, uma inserção adequada dos Estados-membros no sistema mundial. Assim, primeiramente, será explanado o processo histórico da América Latina. Na sequência, será abordada a integração regional, segundo a teoria da dependência de Ruy Mauro Marini, como mecanismo capaz de assegurar o bem-estar social e a inserção autônoma no sistema internacional. Por fim, abre-se espaço para as reflexões sobre a coesão social no âmbito do Mercosul. Utilizando-se, portanto, do método dedutivo de pesquisa, o presente texto encaminhar-se-á dentro do rol de discussões acadêmicas vinculadas ao estudo do aprofundamento do modelo de integração e coesão social no Mercosul.</p>
Poder e participação
Authors: Corrêa Felipe 
Published: December 2015

<p>O presente artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma reflexão teórica acerca do poder, apresentando a problemática envolvida nas discussões do tema e três categorias fundamentais que pretendem abarcar as distintas concepções do poder: participação, dominação e autogestão. A partir de um aprofundamento das posições de Michel Foucault e Tomás Ibáñez, que concebem o poder como assimetria nas relações de força, propõem-se um modelo teórico e um método de análise que consideram a dominação e a autogestão como tipos ideais e extremos de um eixo da participação, o que permite refletir e tipificar as relações e os modelos de poder. Utilizado o modelo proposto, analisam-se o capitalismo, as classes sociais, a luta de classes e a natureza do Estado. Ao partir dos elementos teóricos explicitados, reflete-se sobre possíveis estratégias para a mudança e a transformação social, evidenciando problemáticas que envolvem os movimentos sociais</p>
Networked SPIDAR:A Networked Virtual Environment with Visual, Auditory, and Haptic Interactions
Authors: Ishii Masahiro , Nakata Masanori , Sato Makoto 
Published: December 2015

This research aims at the realization of a networked virtual environment for the design of three-dimensional (3-D) objects. Based on an analysis of an ordinary collaborative design, we illustrate that a collaborative work space consists of a dialog space and an object space. In the dialog space, a participant interacts with partners, and in the object space with an object. The participants enter the dialog space and the object space in turn, appropriately. In addition, collaborative design of 3-D objects is carried out with multimodal interactions: visual, auditory, and haptic. A networked virtual environment must support these interactions without contradiction in either time or space. In this paper, we propose a networked virtual environment for a pair of participants to satisfy the conditions described above. To implement the networked system, we take into account the necessity of visual, auditory, and haptic interactions, the need for participants to switch between the dialog space and the object space quickly and appropriately, and human ergonomics on the functional space of hands and eyes. An experiment on hand-over task was done to investigate the effect of the networked haptic device with the proposed system. Object layout tasks, such as toy block layout, office furniture layout, city building layout, etc., can be performed by using this environment.
K. Lachmann and A.A. Shakhmatov – К. Лахман и А.А. Шахматов
Authors: Вовина-Лебедева В.Г. 
Published: December 2015

This article deals with the principal problems in the historiography of Russian annals. A.A. Shakhmatov was the leading scholar in this field at the beginning of the Twentieth Century, and his methodology remained at the centre of academic discussions for the entire century. K. Lachmann had been a leading figure in textual criticism prior to Shakhmatov. This article is the first attempt at a sustained comparison of the work of Lachmann and Shakhmatov.
Self-harm: Prevalence estimates from the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Zubrick Stephen R , Hafekost Jennifer , Johnson Sarah E , Lawrence David , Saw Suzy , Sawyer Michael , Ainley John , Buckingham William J 
Published: December 2015

Objective: To (1) estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of self-harm without suicide intent in young people aged 12–17 years, (2) describe the co-morbidity of these behaviours with mental illness and (3) describe their co-variation with key social and demographic variables. Method: A nationally representative random sample of households with children aged 4–17 years recruited in 2013–2014. The survey response rate was 55% with 6310 parents and carers of eligible households participating. In addition, 2967 (89%) of young people aged 11–17 completed a self-report questionnaire with 2653 of the 12- to 17-year-olds completing questions about self-harm behaviour. Results: In any 12-month period, about 8% of all 12- to 17-year-olds (an estimated 137,000 12- to 17-year-olds) report engaging in self-harming behaviour without suicide intent. This prevalence increases with age to 11.6% in 16- to 17-year-olds. Eighteen percent (18.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [14.5, 23.0]) of all 12- to 17-year-old young people with any mental health disorder measured by parent or carer report said that they had engaged in self-harm in the past 12 months. Among young people who were measured by self-report and met criteria for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’ major depressive disorder almost half (46.6%; 95% CI = [40.0, 53.1]) also reported that they had engaged in self-harm in the past 12 months. Suicide risk among those who self-harm is significantly elevated relative to the general population. Conclusion: The demonstrated higher risks in these young people for continued harm or possible death support the need for ongoing initiatives to reduce self-harm through mental health promotion, improved mental health literacy and continuing mental health reform to ensure services are accessible to, and meet the needs of families and young persons.
Psychiatric disorder and work life: A longitudinal study of intra-generational social mobility
Authors: Tiikkaja Sanna , Sandin Sven , Hultman Christina M , Modin Bitte , Malki Ninoa , Sparén Pär 
Published: December 2015

Background: Intra-generational social mobility, which describes the mobility within an individual’s own working life, is seldom studied among employees with psychiatric disorders (EPD). There is need of knowledge of the intra-generational mobility patterns, in a broader perspective, among EPD. Aims: To investigate intra-generational social mobility in employed individuals diagnosed with affective disorder, personality disorder, schizophrenia and drug dependence in a national Swedish cohort. Method: We identified a national sample of employed Swedish adults born in 1939–1949 ( N = 876, 738), and among them individuals with a first-time hospital admission for affective psychosis, neurosis and personality disorder, alcoholism, drug dependence or schizophrenia in 1964–1980 ( N = 18, 998). Employed individuals without hospital admission for such diagnoses were utilised as a comparison group ( N = 866, 442). Intra-individual social class changes between 1980 and 1990 among EPD and the comparison group were described through summary statistics and graphs. Results: EPD more often held Low manual occupations at baseline in 1980 than the comparison group (44% vs. 28%), although parental social class was similar. In 1990, 19% of EPD and 4% of the comparison group had lost contact with the labour market. Social stability was less common among EPD (49 %) than in the comparison group (67%). Mobility out of the labour force increased and social stability decreased by number of inpatient admissions. Employees diagnosed with affective psychosis or neurosis and personality disorder fared better in the labour market than employees with schizophrenia. Conclusion: Employees suffering from psychiatric disorder do not maintain their social class or remain in the labour force to the same extent as individuals without those problems, irrespective of their parental class. Our results support the social drift hypothesis that individuals with poor psychiatric health move downward in the social hierarchy.