bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupation and the Political Economy of Trade: Job Routineness, Offshorability, and Protectionist Sentiment
Authors: Owen Erica , Johnston Noel P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe recent backlash against globalization in many advanced economies raises questions about the source of this protectionist sentiment. Traditional accounts generally attribute the welfare consequences of trade to skill level or industry characteristics, or instead emphasize the nonmaterial determinants of support for openness. Consequently, we know little about how a major labor market characteristic—occupation—shapes both the distributional consequences of and preferences toward trade openness. We propose and test a new theory of trade policy preferences based on occupation characteristics. Drawing from the tasks literature in economics, we argue that occupation characteristics are a key determinant of how trade affects workers and thus individuals' trade preferences. Our theory suggests that, in advanced economies, individuals in routine-task-intensive occupations will be negatively affected by trade, and thus more protectionist. This relationship will increase in the degree to which occupation job tasks can be provided from a distance (i.e., offshorable). We find support for our theory using data from the 2003 and 2013 International Social Survey Programme in high-income democracies. Our results suggest that the occupational characteristics of routineness and offshorability are important determinants of trade preferences, offering additional understanding of the sources of protectionist sentiment even after controlling for labor market characteristics suggested by conventional wisdom.
Brain-relevant antibodies in first-episode psychosis: a matched case–control study
Authors: Gaughran Fiona , Lally John , Beck Katherine , McCormack Ruaidhri , Gardner-Sood Poonam , Coutinho Ester , Jacobson Leslie , Lang Bethan , Sainz-Fuertes Ricardo , Papanastasiou Evangelos , Di Forti Marta , Nicholson Tim , Vincent Angela , Murray Robin M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere has been much recent excitement about the possibility that some cases of psychosis may be wholly due to brain-reactive antibodies, with antibodies to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and the voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC)-complex reported in a few patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP).MethodsParticipants were recruited from psychiatric services in South London, UK, from 2009 to 2011 as part of the Genetics and Psychosis study. We conducted a case–control study to examine NMDAR and VGKC-complex antibody levels and rates of antibody positivity in 96 patients presenting with FEP and 98 controls matched for age and sex. Leucine-rich glioma inactiviated-1 (LGI1) and contactin-associated protein (CASPR) antibodies were also measured. Notably, patients with suspicion of organic disease were excluded.ResultsVGKC-complex antibodies were found in both cases (n = 3) and controls (n = 2). NMDAR antibody positivity was seen in one case and one control. Either LGI1-Abs or CASPR2-Abs were found in three cases and three controls. Neuronal antibody staining, consistent with the above results or indicating potential novel antigens, was overall positive in four patients but also in six controls. Overall, antibody positivity was at low levels only and not higher in cases than in controls.ConclusionsThis case–control study of the prevalence of antibodies in FEP does not provide evidence to support the hypothesis that FEP is associated with an immune-mediated process in a subgroup of patients. Nevertheless, as other bio-clinical factors may influence the effect of such antibodies in a given individual, and patients with organic neurological disease may be misdiagnosed as FEP, the field requires more research to put these findings in context.
The Care of Older Adults Experiencing Cognitive Challenges: How Interprofessional Teams Collaborate
Authors: Dahlke Sherry , Meherali Salima , Chambers Thane , Freund-Heritage Rosalie , Steil Kim , Wagg Adrian 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWe conducted a scoping study to examine how interprofessional health care teams improve the outcomes of older adults experiencing cognitive challenges. We searched Ovid, Medline 1946, and MEDLINE In-Process and other non-indexed citations, using the concepts multi or interdisciplinary care teams, confusion or cognitive impairment, and elderly adults. Of 4,554 articles the review yielded, 34 relevant to our inquiry, using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework. Twenty-nine per cent of authors reported on the processes interprofessional teams use to achieve positive outcomes for older adults. They highlighted the importance of communication, staff strategies, and education interventions in achieving outcomes with older adults and in supporting interprofessional collaboration. The review revealed knowledge gaps about the processes teams use to collaborate in caring for older adults experiencing cognitive challenges, and how to best incorporate older adults and their families’ perspectives in team decisions. More research to understand processes interprofessional teams use is needed.
A note on the analysis of germination data from complex experimental designs
Authors: Jensen Signe M. , Andreasen Christian , Streibig Jens C. , Keshtkar Eshagh , Ritz Christian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn recent years germination experiments have become more and more complex. Typically, they are replicated in time as independent runs and at each time point they involve hierarchical, often factorial experimental designs, which are now commonly analysed by means of linear mixed models. However, in order to characterize germination in response to time elapsed, specific event-time models are needed and mixed model extensions of these models are not readily available, neither in theory nor in practice. As a practical workaround we propose a two-step approach that combines and weighs together results from event-time models fitted separately to data from each germination test by means of meta-analytic random effects models. We show that this approach provides a more appropriate appreciation of the sources of variation in hierarchically structured germination experiments as both between- and within-experiment variation may be recovered from the data.
Dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in a UK cohort of men and women: a longitudinal study
Authors: Northstone Kate , Joinson Carol , Emmett Pauline 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThere is evidence to suggest that individual components of dietary intake are associated with depressive symptoms. Studying the whole diet, through dietary patterns, has become popular as a way of overcoming intercorrelations between individual dietary components; however, there are conflicting results regarding associations between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. We examined the associations between dietary patterns extracted using principal component analysis and depressive symptoms, taking account of potential temporal relationships.DesignDepressive symptoms in parents were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) when the study child was 3 and 5 years of age. Scores >12 were considered indicative of the presence of clinical depressive symptoms. Diet was assessed via FFQ when the study child was 4 years of age.SettingLongitudinal population-based birth cohort.SubjectsMothers and fathers taking part in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children when their study child was 3–5 years old.ResultsUnadjusted results suggested that increased scores on the ‘processed’ and ‘vegetarian’ patterns in women and the ‘semi-vegetarian’ pattern in men were associated with having EPDS scores ≥13. However, after adjustment for confounders all results were attenuated. This was the case for all those with available data and when considering a sub-sample who were ‘disease free’ at baseline.ConclusionsWe found no association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms after taking account of potential confounding factors and the potential temporal relationship between them. This suggests that previous studies reporting positive associations may have suffered from reverse causality and/or residual confounding.
Pearl millet genome sequence provides a resource to improve agronomic traits in arid environments
Authors: Varshney Rajeev K , Shi Chengcheng , Thudi Mahendar , Mariac Cedric , Wallace Jason , Qi Peng , Zhang He , Zhao Yusheng , Wang Xiyin , Rathore Abhishek , Srivastava Rakesh K , Chitikineni Annapurna , Fan Guangyi , Bajaj Prasad , Punnuri Somashekhar , Gupta S K , Wang Hao , Jiang Yong , Couderc Marie , Katta Mohan A V S K , Paudel Dev R , Mungra K D , Chen Wenbin , Harris-Shultz Karen R , Garg Vanika , Desai Neetin , Doddamani Dadakhalandar , Kane Ndjido Ardo , Conner Joann A , Ghatak Arindam , Chaturvedi Palak , Subramaniam Sabarinath , Yadav Om Parkash , Berthouly-Salazar Cécile , Hamidou Falalou , Wang Jianping , Liang Xinming , Clotault Jérémy , Upadhyaya Hari D , Cubry Philippe , Rhoné Bénédicte , Gueye Mame Codou , Sunkar Ramanjulu , Dupuy Christian , Sparvoli Francesca , Cheng Shifeng , Mahala R S , Singh Bharat , Yadav Rattan S , Lyons Eric , Datta Swapan K , Hash C Tom , Devos Katrien M , Buckler Edward , Bennetzen Jeffrey L , Paterson Andrew H , Ozias-Akins Peggy , Grando Stefania , Wang Jun , Mohapatra Trilochan , Weckwerth Wolfram , Reif Jochen C , Liu Xin , Vigouroux Yves , Xu Xun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPearl millet [Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] is a staple food for more than 90 million farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa, India and South Asia. We report the ∼1.79 Gb draft whole genome sequence of reference genotype Tift 23D2B1-P1-P5, which contains an estimated 38,579 genes. We highlight the substantial enrichment for wax biosynthesis genes, which may contribute to heat and drought tolerance in this crop. We resequenced and analyzed 994 pearl millet lines, enabling insights into population structure, genetic diversity and domestication. We use these resequencing data to establish marker trait associations for genomic selection, to define heterotic pools, and to predict hybrid performance. We believe that these resources should empower researchers and breeders to improve this important staple crop.
Mitochondrial mutations drive prostate cancer aggression
Authors: Hopkins Julia F. , Sabelnykova Veronica Y. , Weischenfeldt Joachim , Simon Ronald , Aguiar Jennifer A. , Alkallas Rached , Heisler Lawrence E. , Zhang Junyan , Watson John D. , Chua Melvin L. K. , Fraser Michael , Favero Francesco , Lawerenz Chris , Plass Christoph , Sauter Guido , McPherson John D. , van der Kwast Theodorus , Korbel Jan , Schlomm Thorsten , Bristow Robert G. , Boutros Paul C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNuclear mutations are well known to drive tumor incidence, aggression and response to therapy. By contrast, the frequency and roles of mutations in the maternally inherited mitochondrial genome are poorly understood. Here we sequence the mitochondrial genomes of 384 localized prostate cancer patients, and identify a median of one mitochondrial single-nucleotide variant (mtSNV) per patient. Some of these mtSNVs occur in recurrent mutational hotspots and associate with aggressive disease. Younger patients have fewer mtSNVs than those who diagnosed at an older age. We demonstrate strong links between mitochondrial and nuclear mutational profiles, with co-occurrence between specific mutations. For example, certain control region mtSNVs co-occur with gain of the MYC oncogene, and these mutations are jointly associated with patient survival. These data demonstrate frequent mitochondrial mutation in prostate cancer, and suggest interplay between nuclear and mitochondrial mutational profiles in prostate cancer.
Mapping surface-modified titania nanoparticles with implications for activity and facet control
Authors: Peng Yung-Kang , Hu Yichen , Chou Hung-Lung , Fu Yingyi , Teixeira Ivo F. , Zhang Li , He Heyong , Tsang Shik Chi Edman 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe use of surface-directing species and surface additives to alter nanoparticle morphology and physicochemical properties of particular exposed facets has recently been attracting significant attention. However, challenges in their chemical analysis, sometimes at trace levels, and understanding their roles to elucidate surface structure–activity relationships in optical (solar cells) or (photo)catalytic performance and their removal are significant issues that remain to be solved. Here, we show a detailed analysis of TiO2 facets promoted with surface species (OH, O, SO4, F) with and without post-treatments by 31P adsorbate nuclear magnetic resonance, supported by a range of other characterization tools. We demonstrate that quantitative evaluations of the electronic and structural effects imposed by these surface additives and their removal mechanisms can be obtained, which may lead to the rational control of active TiO2 (001) and (101) facets for a range of applications.
In trans paired nicking triggers seamless genome editing without double-stranded DNA cutting
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Janssen Josephine M. , Liu Jin , Maggio Ignazio , ‘t Jong Anke E. J. , Mikkers Harald M.M. , Gonçalves Manuel A. F. V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPrecise genome editing involves homologous recombination between donor DNA and chromosomal sequences subjected to double-stranded DNA breaks made by programmable nucleases. Ideally, genome editing should be efficient, specific, and accurate. However, besides constituting potential translocation-initiating lesions, double-stranded DNA breaks (targeted or otherwise) are mostly repaired through unpredictable and mutagenic non-homologous recombination processes. Here, we report that the coordinated formation of paired single-stranded DNA breaks, or nicks, at donor plasmids and chromosomal target sites by RNA-guided nucleases based on CRISPR-Cas9 components, triggers seamless homology-directed gene targeting of large genetic payloads in human cells, including pluripotent stem cells. Importantly, in addition to significantly reducing the mutagenicity of the genome modification procedure, this in trans paired nicking strategy achieves multiplexed, single-step, gene targeting, and yields higher frequencies of accurately edited cells when compared to the standard double-stranded DNA break-dependent approach.
Plekhg5-regulated autophagy of synaptic vesicles reveals a pathogenic mechanism in motoneuron disease
Authors: Lüningschrör Patrick , Binotti Beyenech , Dombert Benjamin , Heimann Peter , Perez-Lara Angel , Slotta Carsten , Thau-Habermann Nadine , R. von Collenberg Cora , Karl Franziska , Damme Markus , Horowitz Arie , Maystadt Isabelle , Füchtbauer Annette , Füchtbauer Ernst-Martin , Jablonka Sibylle , Blum Robert , Üçeyler Nurcan , Petri Susanne , Kaltschmidt Barbara , Jahn Reinhard , Kaltschmidt Christian , Sendtner Michael 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAutophagy-mediated degradation of synaptic components maintains synaptic homeostasis but also constitutes a mechanism of neurodegeneration. It is unclear how autophagy of synaptic vesicles and components of presynaptic active zones is regulated. Here, we show that Pleckstrin homology containing family member 5 (Plekhg5) modulates autophagy of synaptic vesicles in axon terminals of motoneurons via its function as a guanine exchange factor for Rab26, a small GTPase that specifically directs synaptic vesicles to preautophagosomal structures. Plekhg5 gene inactivation in mice results in a late-onset motoneuron disease, characterized by degeneration of axon terminals. Plekhg5-depleted cultured motoneurons show defective axon growth and impaired autophagy of synaptic vesicles, which can be rescued by constitutively active Rab26. These findings define a mechanism for regulating autophagy in neurons that specifically targets synaptic vesicles. Disruption of this mechanism may contribute to the pathophysiology of several forms of motoneuron disease.
Cooperative colloidal self-assembly of metal-protein superlattice wires
Authors: Liljeström Ville , Ora Ari , Hassinen Jukka , Rekola Heikki T. , Nonappa  , Heilala Maria , Hynninen Ville , Joensuu Jussi J. , Ras Robin H. A. , Törmä Päivi , Ikkala Olli , Kostiainen Mauri A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMaterial properties depend critically on the packing and order of constituent units throughout length scales. Beyond classically explored molecular self-assembly, structure formation in the nanoparticle and colloidal length scales have recently been actively explored for new functions. Structure of colloidal assemblies depends strongly on the assembly process, and higher structural control can be reliably achieved only if the process is deterministic. Here we show that self-assembly of cationic spherical metal nanoparticles and anionic rod-like viruses yields well-defined binary superlattice wires. The superlattice structures are explained by a cooperative assembly pathway that proceeds in a zipper-like manner after nucleation. Curiously, the formed superstructure shows right-handed helical twisting due to the right-handed structure of the virus. This leads to structure-dependent chiral plasmonic function of the material. The work highlights the importance of well-defined colloidal units when pursuing unforeseen and complex assemblies.
Efficient representation of quantum many-body states with deep neural networks
Authors: Gao Xun , Duan Lu-Ming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPart of the challenge for quantum many-body problems comes from the difficulty of representing large-scale quantum states, which in general requires an exponentially large number of parameters. Neural networks provide a powerful tool to represent quantum many-body states. An important open question is what characterizes the representational power of deep and shallow neural networks, which is of fundamental interest due to the popularity of deep learning methods. Here, we give a proof that, assuming a widely believed computational complexity conjecture, a deep neural network can efficiently represent most physical states, including the ground states of many-body Hamiltonians and states generated by quantum dynamics, while a shallow network representation with a restricted Boltzmann machine cannot efficiently represent some of those states.
A single-dose live-attenuated vaccine prevents Zika virus pregnancy transmission and testis damage
Authors: Shan Chao , Muruato Antonio E. , Jagger Brett W. , Richner Justin , Nunes Bruno T. D. , Medeiros Daniele B. A. , Xie Xuping , Nunes Jannyce G. C. , Morabito Kaitlyn M. , Kong Wing-Pui , Pierson Theodore C. , Barrett Alan D. , Weaver Scott C. , Rossi Shannan L. , Vasconcelos Pedro F. C. , Graham Barney S. , Diamond Michael S. , Shi Pei-Yong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractZika virus infection during pregnancy can cause congenital abnormities or fetal demise. The persistence of Zika virus in the male reproductive system poses a risk of sexual transmission. Here we demonstrate that live-attenuated Zika virus vaccine candidates containing deletions in the 3′ untranslated region of the Zika virus genome (ZIKV-3′UTR-LAV) prevent viral transmission during pregnancy and testis damage in mice, as well as infection of nonhuman primates. After a single-dose vaccination, pregnant mice challenged with Zika virus at embryonic day 6 and evaluated at embryonic day 13 show markedly diminished levels of viral RNA in maternal, placental, and fetal tissues. Vaccinated male mice challenged with Zika virus were protected against testis infection, injury, and oligospermia. A single immunization of rhesus macaques elicited a rapid and robust antibody response, conferring complete protection upon challenge. Furthermore, the ZIKV-3′UTR-LAV vaccine candidates have a desirable safety profile. These results suggest that further development of ZIKV-3′UTR-LAV is warranted for humans.
Heterogeneous multi-compartmental hydrogel particles as synthetic cells for incompatible tandem reactions
Authors: Tan Hongliang , Guo Song , Dinh Ngoc-Duy , Luo Rongcong , Jin Lin , Chen Chia-Hung 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn nature, individual cells contain multiple isolated compartments in which cascade enzymatic reactions occur to form essential biological products with high efficiency. Here, we report a cell-inspired design of functional hydrogel particles with multiple compartments, in which different enzymes are spatially immobilized in distinct domains that enable engineered, one-pot, tandem reactions. The dense packing of different compartments in the hydrogel particle enables effective transportation of reactants to ensure that the products are generated with high efficiency. To demonstrate the advantages of micro-environmental modifications, we employ the copolymerization of acrylic acid, which leads to the formation of heterogeneous multi-compartmental hydrogel particles with different pH microenvironments. Upon the positional assembly of glucose oxidase and magnetic nanoparticles, these hydrogel particles are able to process a glucose-triggered, incompatible, multistep tandem reaction in one pot. Furthermore, based on the high cytotoxicity of hydroxyl radicals, a glucose-powered therapeutic strategy to kill cancer cells was approached.
Trigger factor chaperone acts as a mechanical foldase
Authors: Haldar Shubhasis , Tapia-Rojo Rafael , Eckels Edward C. , Valle-Orero Jessica , Fernandez Julio M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractProteins fold under mechanical forces in a number of biological processes, ranging from muscle contraction to co-translational folding. As force hinders the folding transition, chaperones must play a role in this scenario, although their influence on protein folding under force has not been directly monitored yet. Here, we introduce single-molecule magnetic tweezers to study the folding dynamics of protein L in presence of the prototypical molecular chaperone trigger factor over the range of physiological forces (4–10 pN). Our results show that trigger factor increases prominently the probability of folding against force and accelerates the refolding kinetics. Moreover, we find that trigger factor catalyzes the folding reaction in a force-dependent manner; as the force increases, higher concentrations of trigger factor are needed to rescue folding. We propose that chaperones such as trigger factor can work as foldases under force, a mechanism which could be of relevance for several physiological processes.
Physical origins of current and temperature controlled negative differential resistances in NbO2
Authors: Kumar Suhas , Wang Ziwen , Davila Noraica , Kumari Niru , Norris Kate J. , Huang Xiaopeng , Strachan John Paul , Vine David , Kilcoyne A.L. David , Nishi Yoshio , Williams R. Stanley 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNegative differential resistance behavior in oxide memristors, especially those using NbO2, is gaining renewed interest because of its potential utility in neuromorphic computing. However, there has been a decade-long controversy over whether the negative differential resistance is caused by a relatively low-temperature non-linear transport mechanism or a high-temperature Mott transition. Resolving this issue will enable consistent and robust predictive modeling of this phenomenon for different applications. Here we examine NbO2 memristors that exhibit both a current-controlled and a temperature-controlled negative differential resistance. Through thermal and chemical spectromicroscopy and numerical simulations, we confirm that the former is caused by a ~400 K non-linear-transport-driven instability and the latter is caused by the ~1000 K Mott metal-insulator transition, for which the thermal conductance counter-intuitively decreases in the metallic state relative to the insulating state.