bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phospholipases: at the crossroads of the immune system and the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection
Authors: Cecchetti Serena , Spadaro Francesca , Gessani Sandra , Podo Franca , Fantuzzi Laura 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Multiple host factors and their interactions with viral proteins contribute to the complexity of HIV-1 pathogenesis and disease progression. The virus exploits the cell-signaling networks to prepare the ground for viral replication, to affect functions of either infected or uninfected bystander cells, and to evade the immune response. These events are hallmarks of HIV-1 pathogenesis that lead toward AIDS. Phospholipases are essential mediators of intracellular and intercellular signaling. They function as phospholipid-hydrolyzing enzymes, generating many bioactive lipid mediators or second messengers, which control multiple cellular functions, thus regulating a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. These enzymes also represent important components of the cell-signaling networks exploited by HIV-1 and its proteins to favor viral replication and persistence, as well as immune response dysfunction. Although some individual phospholipases were studied in the context of HIV-1 infection, the mechanisms whereby they regulate diverse infection-associated processes, as well as the interaction among different phospholipases have yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we discuss the principal aspects of the complex interaction between phospholipases, HIV-1, and the immune system. A thorough understanding of the signaling networks that involve phospholipases in both HIV-1–infected cells and individuals is essential to determine whether therapeutic targeting of these enzymes may represent a novel approach to control viral replication, as well as the associated inflammation and comorbidities.
STAT mutations as program switchers: turning primary immunodeficiencies into autoimmune diseases
Authors: Lorenzini Tiziana , Dotta Laura , Giacomelli Mauro , Vairo Donatella , Badolato Raffaele 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
STAT proteins are a family of transcription factors that mediate cellular response to cytokines and growth factors. Study of patients with familial susceptibility to pathogens and/or autoimmune diseases has led to the identification of 7 inherited disorders that are caused by mutations of 4 STAT family genes. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of STAT1 lead to complete or partial forms of STAT1 deficiency that are associated with susceptibility to intracellular pathogens and herpetic infections. Patients with heterozygous STAT1 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations usually present with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) but may also experience bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune manifestations, lymphopenia, cerebral aneurysms, and increased risk to develop tumors. STAT2 deficiency has been described in 5 family members and is characterized by selective susceptibility to viral infections, whereas STAT3 loss-of-function (LOF) mutations are causative of the autosomal-dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES), a condition that is characterized by cutaneous and respiratory infections in association with mucocutaneous candidiasis, eczema, skeletal and connective tissue abnormalities, eosinophilia, and high levels IgE. STAT5B LOF and STAT3 GOF mutations are both associated with disorders characterized by autoimmune or allergic manifestations, together with increased risk of infections. Particularly, STAT5b deficiency results in growth hormone (GH) insensitivity, immunodeficiency, diarrhea, and generalized eczema, whereas STAT3 GOF mutations result in autoimmune cytopenia, lymphadenopathy, short stature, infections, enteropathy, and multiorgan autoimmunity, including early-onset type I diabetes, thyroiditis, hepatitis, arthritis, and interstitial lung disease.
Energetics of communal roosting in chestnut-crowned babblers: implications for group dynamics and breeding phenology
Authors: Chappell Mark A. , Buttemer William A. , Russell Andrew F. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTFor many endotherms, communal roosting saves energy in cold conditions, but how this might affect social dynamics or breeding phenology is not well understood. Using chestnut-crowned babblers (Pomatostomus ruficeps), we studied the effects of nest use and group size on roosting energy costs. These 50 g cooperatively breeding passerine birds of outback Australia breed from late winter to early summer and roost in huddles of up to 20 in single-chambered nests. We measured babbler metabolism at three ecologically relevant temperatures: 5°C (similar to minimum nighttime temperatures during early breeding), 15°C (similar to nighttime temperatures during late breeding) and 28°C (thermal neutrality). Nest use alone had modest effects: even for solitary babblers at 5°C, it reduced nighttime energy expenditures by &lt;15%. However, group-size effects were substantial, with savings of up to 60% in large groups at low temperatures. Babblers roosting in groups of seven or more at 5°C, and five or more at 15°C, did not need to elevate metabolic rates above basal levels. Furthermore, even at 28°C (thermoneutral for solitary babblers), individuals in groups of four or more had 15% lower basal metabolic rate than single birds, hinting that roosting in small groups is stressful. We suggest that the substantial energy savings of communal roosting at low temperatures help explain why early breeding is initiated in large groups and why breeding females, which roost alone and consequently expend 120% more energy overnight than other group members, suffer relatively higher mortality than communally roosting group mates.
Cutaneous water collection by a moisture-harvesting lizard, the thorny devil (Moloch horridus)
Authors: Comanns Philipp , Withers Philip C. , Esser Falk J. , Baumgartner Werner 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Moisture-harvesting lizards, such as the Australian thorny devil, Moloch horridus, have the remarkable ability to inhabit arid regions. Special skin structures, comprising a micro-structured surface with capillary channels in between imbricate overlapping scales, enable the lizard to collect water by capillarity and transport it to the mouth for ingestion. The ecological role of this mechanism is the acquisition of water from various possible sources such as rainfall, puddles, dew, condensation on the skin, or absorption from moist sand, and we evaluate here the potential of these various sources for water uptake by M. horridus. The water volume required to fill the skin capillary system is 3.19% of body mass. Thorny devils standing in water can fill their capillary system and then drink from this water, at approximately 0.7 µl per jaw movement. Thorny devils standing on nearly saturated moist sand could only fill the capillary channels to 59% of their capacity, and did not drink. However, placing moist sand on skin replicas showed that the capillary channels could be filled from moist sand when assisted by gravity, suggesting that their field behaviour of shovelling moist sand onto the dorsal skin might fill the capillary channels and enable drinking. Condensation facilitated by thermal disequilibrium between a cool thorny devil and warm moist air provided skin capillary filling to approximately 0.22% of body weight, which was insufficient for drinking. Our results suggest that rain and moist sand seem to be ecologically likely water sources for M. horridus on a regular basis.
Engagement of introductory biostatistics students in a novel hybrid course format
Authors: Ramos Marcel , Gbedemah Misato , Jones Heidi , Waldron Levi 
Published: November 2016

Background While online-only courses can be delivered without constraints of geography or synchronization of lecture times, traditional in-person lectures continue to be central to teaching and to student experiences at most universities. Hybrid learning courses fill the gap between, providing convenience and schedule flexibility while maintaining the traditional face-to-face experience. The CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy and Hunter College are urban campuses that draw working students from a wide commuting area, leading us to experiment with hybrid course formats that offer a maximum degree of flexibility to students. Methods Lectures and lab sessions were held on campus in a traditional lecture style, but streamed live over YouTube with remote attendees able to type questions and have them answered by the instructor in real time, and later made available for viewing. Results Through a post-course survey we found students to be divided in their preferences for in-person course formats (46%) versus synchronous and asynchronous online formats (35% and 19%, respectively). In the hypothetical scenario of retaking the course, the option of attending each lecture either in-person or online was preferred (69% for this hybrid format, 11% for in-person only and another 11% for online only). Although long commuting times, work and family responsibilities were common, interactivity and learning preference were the most important considerations for students regardless of their decision for online or in-person attendance. Analysis of YouTube viewing data showed a majority of online participation occurring during live lectures, with an additional peak of viewing of all lectures occurring immediately before exams. Conclusions We found this hybrid format to be a viable and popular way to accommodate diverse personal circumstances and learning preferences within the framework of a traditional lecture format.
A Validation Study of Administrative Claims Data to Measure Ovarian Cancer
Recurrence and Secondary Debulking Surgery
Authors: Livaudais-Toman Jennifer , Egorova Natalia , Franco Rebeca , Prasad-Hayes Monica , Howell Elizabeth A. , Wisnivesky Juan , Bickell Nina A. 
Published: November 2016

Objective: Administrative claims data offer an alternative to chart abstraction to
assess ovarian cancer recurrence, treatment and outcomes. Such analyses have been
hindered by lack of valid recurrence and treatment algorithms. In this study, we sought
to develop claims-based algorithms to identify ovarian cancer recurrence and secondary
debulking surgery, and to validate them against the gold-standard of chart
abstraction.Methods: We conducted chart validation studies; 2 recurrence algorithms and
1 secondary surgery among 94 ovarian cancer patients treated at one hospital between
2003-2009. A new recurrence algorithm was based on treatment timing (≥6 months after
primary treatment) and a previously validated algorithm was based on secondary
malignancy codes. A secondary debulking surgery algorithm was based on surgical billing
codes.Results: The new recurrence algorithm had: sensitivity=100% (95% confidence
interval [CI]=87%-100%), specificity=89% (95%CI=78%-95%), kappa=84% (SE=10%) while the
secondary-malignancy-code recurrence algorithm had: sensitivity=84% (95%CI=66%-94%),
specificity=44% (95%CI=31%-57%), kappa=23% (SE=8%). The secondary surgery algorithm had:
sensitivity=77% (95%CI=50%-92%), specificity= 92% (95%CI=83%-97%), kappa=66%
(SE=10%).Conclusions: A recurrence algorithm based on treatment timing accurately
identified ovarian cancer recurrence. If validated in other populations, such an
algorithm can provide a tool to compare effectiveness of recurrent ovarian cancer
treatments.
Esino de Língua Portuguesa e o Gênero Redação: Uma análise do Discurso do Professor
Authors: Maia Francisca Ilani Alves , Silva Henrique Miguel de Lima , Uchoa Sayonara Abrantes de Oliveira , Cabral Symara Abrantes Albuquerque de Oliveira , Alencar Maria Carmem Batista de , Alencar Stephanny , Maciel Jalder Alison da Silva 
Published: November 2016

Trata-se de pesquisa sobre como o professor trabalha o ensino de língua portuguesa em sala de aula, utilizando o gênero redação nas séries do ensino médio. Pressupõe-se que uma das maiores dificuldades da produção textual do gênero redação seja decorrente de um ensino metalinguístico e que desconsidere a finalidade da língua enquanto prática de interação social. Considerando a importância da língua no processo de interação social e a necessidade de mudanças significativas na prática pedagógica, surge a oportunidade de trabalhar-se com os gêneros textuais, tendo em vista que os mesmos fazem parte das necessidades do aluno a todo momento. Sendo assim, foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso, sobre o ensino dos gêneros textuais, com foco na redação e a partir de questionários aplicados analisou-se o discurso do professor de língua portuguesa e as suas práticas de ensino, fechando a última parte do artigo. Palavras-Chave: Gêneros Textuais. Ensino. Professor.
Psicopedagogia e Biologia do Amor: Reflexões sobre o Sentir, o Outro e a Solidariedade
Authors: Silva Henrique Miguel de Lima , Silva Danielli Cristina de Lima , Cabral Symara Abrantes Albuquerque de Oliveira , Alencar Maria Carmem Batista de , Alves Segundo Edgley Gonçalves 
Published: November 2016

O presente artigo propõe-se a refletir sobre a biologia do amor e suas reflexões na/para clínica psicopedagógica. Parte-se do pressuposto de que a clínica psicopedagógica, além de trabalhar com dificuldades de aprendizagem, pode, ao trabalhar com a perspectiva de Maturana (2001), contribuir para o desenvolvimento integral do sujeito enquanto ser sociohistórico e dialógico. Ressalta-se que foi utilizado a perspectiva bibliográfica para elaboração da presente pesquisa. Inicialmente, tem-se como objetivo geral o questionamento da formação do sujeito em contextos formais de ensino que, muitas vezes, desconsidera o processo sociocultural de aprendizagem humana. Pires e Silva (2015, 2016) propõem um olhar mais reflexivo sobre a atuação do psicopedagogo em contextos clínicos e instituições, principalmente, no que concerne as dificuldades e atuações.
Optimizing human hepatocyte models for metabolic phenotype and function: effects of treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Authors: Nikolaou Nikolaos , Green Charlotte J. , Gunn Pippa J. , Hodson Leanne , Tomlinson Jeremy W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPrimary human hepatocytes are considered to be the “gold standard” cellular model for studying hepatic fatty acid and glucose metabolism; however, they come with limitations. Although the HepG2 cell line retains many of the primary hepatocyte metabolic functions they have a malignant origin and low rates of triglyceride secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dimethyl sulfoxide supplementation in the media of HepG2 cells would enhance metabolic functionality leading to the development of an improved in vitro cell model that closely recapitulates primary human hepatocyte metabolism. HepG2 cells were cultured in media containing 1% dimethyl sulfoxide for 2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 days. Gene expression, protein levels, intracellular triglyceride, and media concentrations of triglyceride, urea, and 3‐hydroxybutyrate concentrations were measured. Dimethyl sulfoxide treatment altered the expression of genes involved in lipid (FAS, ACC1, ACC2, DGAT1, DGAT2, SCD) and glucose (PEPCK, G6Pase) metabolism as well as liver functionality (albumin, alpha‐1‐antitrypsin, AFP). mRNA changes were paralleled by alterations at the protein level. DMSO treatment decreased intracellular triglyceride content and lactate production and increased triglyceride and 3‐hydroxybutyrate concentrations in the media in a time‐dependent manner. We have demonstrated that the addition of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide to culture media changes the metabolic phenotype of HepG2 cells toward a more primary human hepatocyte phenotype. This will enhance the currently available in vitro model systems for the study of hepatocyte biology related to pathological processes that contribute to disease and their response to specific therapeutic interventions.
Exploration of Regeneration Potential of Extinct Plants Starting From Old Seeds, by in Vitro Technology
Authors: Cosac Aurelia Corina , Teodorescu Gabriela , Buord Stephane , Isac Valentina , Nicola Claudia 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study is to try a systematic and rational exploration of regeneration potential of extinct taxons, starting from old seeds found in the soil or in the herbarium, to study their germination potential with the purpose of biodiversity conservation. The species involved in this study are: Achillea spinosa, Chenopodium wolfii. Several protocols for the in vitro propagation of the species, starting from the seed are described in this study. The presence of callus during micropropagation of plants has also been the object of research for different compositions of nutritive medium.
Color transform analysis for microscale image
segmentation to study halftone model parameters
Authors: Rahaman G M Atiqur , Islam Md. Zahidul 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive study of 30
color transforms to accurately segment images of halftone
prints and thus calculating the parameters of a color prediction
model. The transforms are evaluated combining
three metrics: the model accuracy,Otsu’s discriminant, and
correlation coefficients of histograms. Hierarchical cluster
analysis is applied to determine the thresholds to segment
the image histogram into paper, ink and mixed area.
Among the 30 different transforms discussed in this article,
21 channels are of 7 color space models (RGB, CMYK,
CIELAB, HSV, YIQ, YCbCr, and XYZ) and the other 9 channels
are specially designed. Notable increase in model accuracy
validates the segmentation accuracy and the necessity
of choosing the appropriate transform. A set of 180
halftone images of different print properties (such as paper,
halftone, ink and printing technology) has been used
for the evaluation. It is found that, the most appropriate
transform depends on the type of primary ink, but the corresponding
transforms in CMYK color space model have
shown consistent performance. CMYK-C, XYZ-Y and LAB-B
are the best transforms for Cyan, Magenta and Yellow ink
color respectively. YIQ-I and HSV-S are good candidates if a
single transform is to be chosen for all primary ink colors.
Beredte Verbesserungen
Authors: Hofmeister-Winter Andrea 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
It is a special property of handwritten texts that in most cases they show material traces of their process of production. Corrections applied by scribes and other persons during the production or transmission process can be interpreted in different ways: to ascertain the status of a text (copy, adaptation, or act of creation), to distinguish persons collaborating in the scriptorium including their different tasks, to observe more or less professional strategies of how scribes tried to eliminate errors or to optimize their texts - this cognition gives us an insight into the education and competence of scribes. However, a common terminology to talk about phenomena of text revision as a whole has not yet been established nor do most scholarly editions reproduce them sufficiently, so that research of historical processes of text production is not easily conducted. In this contribution, the author lists and defines four categories of text revision that can be found in medieval manuscripts (deletion, transformation, insertion and transposition) as well as their multifold materialized manifestation. This is seen as the preliminary stage in developing a set of TEI-XML-based models for describing this special field of medieval writing - as suggested in the closely connected contribution of Hofmeister/Böhm/Klug in this volume -, in order to support an interdisciplinary discussion about this previously underestimated pool of information.
Zur Terminologie des textgenetischen Felds
Authors: Nutt-Kofoth Rüdiger 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article deals with editorial terminology, especially with those terms that German textual scholarship uses in the special editorial field of textual genesis. Presenting different examples from theoretical discussions and realized editions, the article gives an insight into various suggestions of terminological applications and definitions that were given in different contexts, with different interests and different preconditions. It argues that every work on several editorial terms or on smaller or wider nexuses of such terms is concurrently work on the entire editorial terminology. Moreover, the benefit of investigating editorial terms outreaches the field of terminology because it helps to clarify the theoretical suppositions that regulate the application of special terms and therefore it can be understood as a preliminary of an as yet non-existent theory of scholarly editing.
(Para-)Textuelle Werkrevision
Authors: Speth Sebastian 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Special cases call for special editorial principles. The real longsellers under Early New High German chapbooks are retold for half a millennium again and again. If you perceive these works as a material transmitted, multi-dimensional ‘type of book’, the philological attention switches from the original authors to printers, engravers, tradesmen, and other artisans. These become the actual agents of the history of literature. Therefore the editorial practice has to precede a transmission orientated literary historiography and analysis. This is shown in the present case by considering the example of a hybrid edition of the prose-novel Herzog Ernst. The printed book and its ‘paratexts’ become the historical object of philology. This approach gains relevance beyond the genre of chapbook.
Textrevision – Werkrevision
Authors: Ehrmann Daniel 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Texts are usually written, rewritten and corrected by authors. These practices become more complex and even problematic when more than one actor is involved. Goethe’s art journal Propyläen for example is the result of a complex co-working process, thus making the philological concepts of ‘correction’ and ‘variant’ problematic. Revision becomes complicated when it is no longer the privilege of the author alone but can also be done by secretaries and editors. Revision can also take place after a text has been published. Reissues und collections change the original context and can interfere with the status of the text as ‘work’. This revision of works becomes a challenge for editors once it is historically approved and acknowledged. The article addresses these problems and tries to give a perspective on possible solutions. 59
Autornahe und autorisierte Revisionen an Johannes Brahms’ Werken vor dem Druck
Authors: Kirsch Kathrin 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Johannes Brahms usually finished a new work to a considerable extent before he sent it to his publishers. He continued improving it once he had received proofs. He read the proofs comparing to the print model, played the music accordingly and listened to rehearsals and concerts given on basis of the proof-material. In doing this, he not only corrected mistakes, edited paratextual aspects but he also improved aspects of the compositional structure at certain points. Some proofs of scores, parts and arrangements of Brahms’ works have survived. The present paper offers some general tendencies of the late phase of Brahms’ compositional and editorial work based on a broader study done at Kiel University. The example of the first String quintet F Major op. 88, of which three proofs of the score and one of the set of parts descended, makes clear how relevant the distinction of proofs concerning their status and function rather than the existence of author’s remarks is.