bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
8‐Oxo‐7,8‐dihydroadenine and 8‐Oxo‐7,8‐dihydroadenosine—Chemistry, Structure, and Function in RNA and Their Presence in Natural Products and Potential Drug Derivatives
Authors: Choi Yu Jung , Chang Stephanie J. , Gibala Krzysztof S. , Resendiz Marino J. E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA description and history of the role that 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydroadenine (8‐oxoAde) and 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydroadenosine (8‐oxoA) have in various fields has been compiled. This Review focusses on 1) the formation of this oxidatively generated modification in RNA, its interactions with other biopolymers, and its potential role in the development/progression of disease; 2) the independent synthesis and incorporation of this modified nucleoside into oligonucleotides of RNA to display the progress that has been made in establishing its behavior in biologically relevant systems; 3) reported synthetic routes, which date back to 1890, along with the progress that has been made in the total synthesis of the nucleobase, nucleoside, and their corresponding derivatives; and 4) the isolation, total synthesis, and biological activity of natural products containing these moieties as the backbone. The current state of research regarding this oxidatively generated lesion as well as its importance in the context of RNA, natural products, and potential as drug derivatives is illustrated using all available examples reported to date.
High‐Performance Visible‐Light‐Driven Pt/CdS/Graphene Photoelectrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Zhai Chunyang , Hu Jiayue , Sun Mingjuan , Zhu Mingshan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFuel cells, as a technology for the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy, have been recognized as a promising sustainable power source. Traditional electrocatalysts, together with optically active semiconductors, have been selected as promising catalysts for the improvement of anodic reactions. Herein, cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoclusters decorated on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets were obtained by using a one‐pot solvothermal method and then applied as photoactivated supports for the deposition of Pt nanoparticles. The ternary‐composite‐modified electrode displayed much higher catalytic properties for methanol oxidation than a binary Pt/CdS electrode. Interestingly, when the as‐prepared Pt/CdS/RGO electrode was irradiated with visible light, both the catalytic activity and the stability were improved greatly. The synergistic effect of RGO nanosheets and photoirradiation promoted electrocatalytic performance and stability. Our results provide new insight into the development of highly efficient photoelectrocatalysts for applications in direct methanol fuel cells in the presence of visible‐light illumination.
Sorption and desorption of 17α-trenbolone and trendione on five soils
Authors: Robinson Joseph A. , Ma Qingli , Staveley Jane P. , Smolenski Walter J. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

The metabolites 17α-trenbolone and 17α-estradiol are principal metabolites in cattle excreta following the administration of Synovex® ONE, which contains trenbolone acetate and estradiol benzoate. As part of the environmental assessment of the use of Synovex ONE, data were generated to characterize the fate of 17α-trenbolone, and its metabolite trendione in the environment. Predictions of the fate and environmental concentrations of these hormones after land application require accurate estimates of the sorption of these compounds in soils. The sorption and desorption of 17α-trenbolone and trendione were measured at 5 nominal concentrations in 5 soils from different geologic settings using a batch equilibrium technique following guideline 106 of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Both the sorption and desorption of 17α-trenbolone and trendione to soils were adequately described by the Freundlich sorption model and by linear partition coefficients. The mean sorption coefficients were 9.04 mL/g and 32.2 mL/g for 17α-trenbolone and trendione, respectively. The corresponding mean Freundlich sorption exponents were 0.88 and 0.98, respectively. Sorption of 17α-trenbolone and trendione was correlated principally with soil organic carbon. Average sorption coefficients normalized to soil organic carbon content (KOC) were 460 mL/g and 1804 mL/g for 17α-trenbolone and trendione, respectively. The mean desorption coefficients were 22.1 mL/g and 43.8 mL/g for 17α-trenbolone and trendione, respectively. Calculated hysteresis coefficients based on the difference in the area between sorption and desorption isotherms indicated that sorption equilibrium was not fully reversible and hysteresis of desorption isotherms occurred for both 17α-trenbolone and trendione. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:613–620. © 2016 SETAC
Experimental performance assessment of a mono‐ethanolamine‐based post‐combustion CO2‐capture at a coal‐fired power station in China
Authors: Feron Paul H.M. , Cousins Ashleigh , Gao Shiwang , Liu Lianbo , Wang Jinyi , Wang Shiqing , Niu Hongwei , Yu Hai , Li Kangkang , Cottrell Aaron 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe performance of a mono‐ethanolamine‐based post‐combustion CO2 capture plant was assessed experimentally using a dedicated pilot plant located at a coal‐fired power station in China. The 1000‐h pilot campaign enabled the assessment of the flue gas pre‐treatment process, the conduct of a parametric study for optimization of the thermal energy requirement, determination of degradation products in the absorption liquid, and measurement of main process emissions. These results are compared with results in reports on other pilot plant operations based on mono‐ethanolamine. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ascorbic acid drives the differentiation of mesoderm‐derived embryonic stem cells. Involvement of p38 MAPK/CREB and SVCT2 transporter
Authors: Rahman Fryad , Bordignon Benoit , Culerrier Raphael , Peiretti Franck , Spicuglia Salvatore , Djabali Malek , Landrier Jean François , Fontes Michel 
Published: December 2016

ScopeHere we tested the hypothesis that ascorbic acid (AA) is a signaling molecule acting on stem cells via the differentiation of mesoderm derivatives, including myocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes.Material and methodsInvestigations used a murine embryonic stem cell line CGR8 able to differentiate into different cell types and treated or not with ascorbic acid. Differentiation was tracked mainly through cellular anatomy (including presence of beating cardiomyocytes) and expression of specific markers.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that AA drives mesoderm‐derived stem cell differentiation toward myogenesis and osteogenesis and also inhibits adipogenesis. Further experiments found that AA competes with retinoic acid (RA) to drive cell differentiation in a dose‐dependent manner: AA inhibited neurogenic differentiation and stimulated myogenesis whereas RA did the reverse. The AA‐dependent differentiation of embryonic stem cells was shown to involve a p38 MAPK/CREB pathway, probably stimulated by cAMP via adenylate cyclases. In addition, SVCT2, the intracellular transporter of AA, acted as a receptor. Finally, we showed that activation/repression of specific differentiation markers is associated with epigenetic changes in their associated promoters. We discuss the impact of these findings in terms of obesity and aging.
Phantom Prescribing: Examining the Frequency of Antimicrobial Prescriptions Without a Patient Visit
Authors: Riedle Benjamin N. , Polgreen Linnea A. , Cavanaugh Joseph E. , Schroeder Mary C. , Polgreen Philip M. 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVETo investigate the scale of antimicrobial prescribing without a corresponding visit, and to compare the attributes of patients who received antimicrobials with a corresponding visit with those who did not have a visit.DESIGNRetrospective cohort.METHODSWe followed up 185,010 Medicare patients for 1 year after an acute myocardial infarction. For each antimicrobial prescribed, we determined whether the patient had an inpatient, outpatient, or provider claim in the 7 days prior to the antimicrobial prescription being filled. We compared the proportions of patient characteristics for those prescriptions associated with a visit and without a visit (ie, phantom prescriptions). We also compared the rates at which different antimicrobials were prescribed without a visit.RESULTSWe found that of 356,545 antimicrobial prescriptions, 14.75% had no evidence of a visit in the week prior to the prescription being filled. A higher percentage of patients without a visit were identified as white (P<.001) and female (P<.001). Patients without a visit had a higher likelihood of survival and fewer additional cardiac events (acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, stroke, all P<.001). Among the antimicrobials considered, amoxicillin, penicillin, and agents containing trimethoprim and methenamine were much more likely to be prescribed without a visit. In contrast, levofloxacin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, vancomycin, and cefdinir were much less likely to be prescribed without a visit.CONCLUSIONSAmong this cohort of patients with chronic conditions, phantom prescriptions of antimicrobials are relatively common and occurred more frequently among those patients who were relatively healthy.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:273–280
ON GALOIS EQUIVARIANCE OF HOMOMORPHISMS BETWEEN TORSION CRYSTALLINE REPRESENTATIONS
Authors: OZEKI YOSHIYASU 
Published: December 2016

Let $K$ be a complete discrete valuation field of mixed characteristic $(0,p)$ with perfect residue field. Let $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}_{n})_{n\geqslant 0}$ be a system of $p$-power roots of a uniformizer $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}_{0}$ of $K$ with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}_{n+1}^{p}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}_{n}$, and define $G_{s}$ (resp. $G_{\infty }$) the absolute Galois group of $K(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}_{s})$ (resp. $K_{\infty }:=\bigcup _{n\geqslant 0}K(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}_{n})$). In this paper, we study $G_{s}$-equivariantness properties of $G_{\infty }$-equivariant homomorphisms between torsion crystalline representations.
Benthic foraminiferal response to relative sea-level changes in the Maastrichtian–Danian succession at the Dakhla Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: FAROUK SHERIF , JAIN SREEPAT 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Maastrichtian–Danian benthic foraminiferal diversity and assemblages through sequence stratigraphy were studied at Dakhla Oasis, Egypt. Benthic foraminifera numbers (BFN), high-flux species and characteristic benthic foraminiferal species and genera distribution are also incorporated to assess palaeobathymetry, palaeoenvironment and palaeoproductivity. All these proxies are then taken together to construct a sea-level curve and interpreted in terms of regional tectonics, climate and eustasy. Data suggest a remarkably highly equitable benthic environment deposited in a brackish littoral and/or marsh setting with moderate (?) to low oxygen conditions and reduced salinity (oligotrophic), possibly due to increased precipitation and terrestrial runoff. The interrupted dominance of calcareous forms and high-organic-flux species suggests occasional marine incursions and high palaeoproductivity, due to local upwelling. The inferred sea-level curve replicates the global eustatic curve and suggests that the curve is more influenced by the prevailing climate and global eustasy rather than by regional tectonics. The post-Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary displays improvement in the environment in terms of diversity and number of species and specimens, with a marked reduction in the abundance of high-organic-flux species during early Paleocene (Danian) time, indicating a shift from a more mesotrophic open marine environment to much reduced oligotrophic conditions.
Alcman's Muses: Alcman PMGF 28 (85 Calame), The ΦΙ-Case and the Syntax of Divine Invocation in Greek and Indo-European
Authors: Barnes Timothy G. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:In this article a new interpretation of the problematic form (Alcman PMGF 28 (85 Calame)) is proposed on the basis of a both a fresh examination of the history and prehistory of the ϕι-case and an overview of the syntax of coordinated pairs in various Indo-European languages.
Harmonic Divergence: Pindar's Fr. 140B and Early Fifth-Century Choral Polemics
Authors: Steiner Deborah 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:This article offers a close reading of Pindar's lacunose fr. 140b S.-M. and explores the evidence it includes for Pindar's contributions to contemporary debates and polemics in late sixth- and early fifth-century musical culture concerning, among other things, harmonics, tonal ranges, instrumentation and the boundaries between different genres. By reading the contents of the fragment against the backdrop of other works from the period that similarly engage in these issues and the later revisionary accounts of the questions first raised by the author-musicians of the early classical age, I show how the diction, imagery and structure of the work are designed to position Pindar as one among the current choral innovators. In the discussion's final part, I address the question of the genre to which the piece belongs and propose some fresh ways of addressing this still outstanding matter. At several points, the article also considers some relevant visual evidence.
The X Factorand reality television: beyond good and evil
Authors: Graham Stephen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDespite huge popularity and lasting cultural impact, reality television shows such asThe X Factor, a British music competition that started screening in 2004, are seen by many as a cultural nadir. However, in this article I argue that, while reading reality TV as an index of an increasingly superficial, market-based culture makes a great deal of sense, it doesn't tell the whole story. Using the particular music-based dramas ofThe X Factoras a case study, I explore ways in which this show and populist reality television in general might be seen to embody both the predicaments and potential pressure points of contemporary neoliberal culture.
Mid-century Modern Jazz: Music and Design in the Postwar Home
Authors: Perchard Tom 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article takes an imagined, transnational living room as its setting, examining jazz's place in representations of the ‘modern’ middle-class home across the post-war West, and exploring the domestic uses that listeners both casual and committed made of the music in recorded form. In magazines as apparently diverse asIdeal Homein the UK andPlayboyin the US, a certain kind of jazz helped mark a new middlebrow connoisseurship in the 1950s and 60s. Yet rather than simply locating the style in a historical sociology of taste, this piece attempts to describe jazz's role in what was an emergent middle-class sensorium. The music's sonic characteristics were frequently called upon to complement the newly sleek visual and tactile experiences – of furniture, fabrics, plastics, the light and space of modern domestic architecture – then coming to define the aspirational bourgeois home; an international modern visual aesthetic was reflected back in jazz album cover art. But to describe experience or ambience represents a challenge to historical method. As much as history proper, then, it's through a kind of experimental criticism of both music and visual culture that this piece attempts to capture the textures and moods that jazz brought to the postwar home.
ONCOLOGISTS’ BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS FOR ONCOTYPE DX USE: QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Roberts Megan C. , Bryson Amy , Weinberger Morris , Dusetzina Stacie B. , Dinan Michaela A. , Reeder-Hayes Katherine , Wheeler Stephanie B. 
Published: December 2016

Background: Oncotype DX (ODX), a tumor gene profiling test, has been incorporated into clinical guidelines to aid in adjuvant chemotherapy decision making for early-stage, hormone receptor positive breast cancer patients. Despite United States (U.S.) guidelines, less than half of eligible women receive testing. Reasons for low usage are unclear: Our objective was to better understand U.S. oncologists’ ODX uptake and how they use ODX during adjuvant chemotherapy decision making.Methods: We conducted semi-structured, ~30-minute phone interviews with medical and surgical oncologists in one U.S. State using purposive sampling. Oncologists were included if they saw greater than or equal to five breast cancer patients per week. Recruitment ended upon thematic saturation. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and double-coded using template analysis.Results: During analysis, themes emerged across three domains. First, organizational factors (i.e., departmental structure, ODX marketing, and medical/insurance guidelines) influenced ease of ODX use. Second, oncologists referenced the influence of interpersonal factors (e.g., normative beliefs and peer use of ODX) over their own practices and recommendations. Third, intrapersonal factors (e.g., oncologist attitudes, perceived barriers, and research gaps) were discussed: although oncologists largely held positive attitudes about ODX, they reported challenges with interpreting intermediate scores for treatment decisions and explaining test results to patients. Finally, oncologists identified several research gaps.Conclusions: As more tumor gene profiling tests are incorporated into cancer care for treatment decision making, it is important to understand their use in clinical practice. This study identified multi-level factors that influence ODX uptake into clinical practice, providing insights into facilitators and modifiable barriers that can be leveraged for improving ODX uptake to aid treatment decision making.
Non-Refoulement and Extraterritorial Jurisdiction: State Sovereignty and Migration Controls at Sea in the European Context
Authors: KIM SEUNGHWAN 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe principle ofnon-refoulementfound in the UN Convention on the Status of Refugees has been widely regarded as the core element of the international refugee protection regime. However, in the recent era of restrictive external migration controls, its significance and ambit diminished to the extent that states began to regard it as a general moral principle that imposed only narrowly defined legal constraints. In particular, interception or interdiction of refugees on the high seas came to be regarded as activities falling outside the legal ambit of thenon-refoulementobligation. However, in Europe, this has begun to change. Thenon-refoulementobligation found in Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) has been recognized as a legal constraint on state sovereignty in relation to migration controls on the high seas. This article scrutinizes how the developing concept of jurisdiction in human rights law, particularly as found in the ECHR, has expanded the scope of application of the principle ofnon-refoulement, and presents some important implications. The concept of state sovereignty has begun to undergo a paradigm shift that places extraterritorial human rights concerns relating to external migration controls squarely within a legal rather than merely a moral framework.
Strengthening compliance with IHL: The ICRC-Swiss initiative
Authors: Pejic Jelena 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLack of compliance with international humanitarian law (IHL), or insufficient observance of its rules, is probably the greatest current challenge to the continued credibility of this body of international law. The need to strengthen respect for IHL led the ICRC and Switzerland to facilitate unprecedented consultations among States between 2012 and 2015 focused, specifically, on improving the efficiency of mechanisms of compliance with IHL. This note outlines the background of the initiative and summarizes its course and outcome. Ongoing work in the current phase of the process, agreed to at the 32nd International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent held in late 2015, is also very briefly indicated.
Recent advances in nano scaffolds for bone repair
Authors: Yi Huan , Ur Rehman Fawad , Zhao Chunqiu , Liu Bin , He Nongyue 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBiomedical applications of nanomaterials are exponentially increasing every year due to analogy to various cell receptors, ligands, structural proteins, and genetic materials (that is, DNA). In bone tissue, nanoscale materials can provide scaffold for excellent tissue repair via mechanical stimulation, releasing of various loaded drugs and mediators, 3D scaffold for cell growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells to osteocytes. This review will therefore highlight recent advancements on tissue and nanoscale materials interaction.
Co-occurrence of antibiotic and metal resistance genes revealed in complete genome collection
Authors: Li Li-Guan , Xia Yu , Zhang Tong 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The high frequency of antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern. More seriously, widespread metal pressure in the environment may facilitate the proliferation of antibiotic resistance via coselection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs). Given the lack of comprehensive understanding of the ARG and MRG coselection, in this study both abundance relationship and genetic linkage between ARGs and MRGs were rigorously investigated by performing a genomic analysis of a large complete genome collection. Many more ARGs were enriched in human-associated bacteria compared with those subjected to less anthropogenic interference. The signatures of ARG and MRG co-occurrence were much more frequent and the distance linkages between ARGs and MRGs were much more intimate in human pathogens than those less human-associated bacteria. Moreover, the co-occurrence structures in the habitat divisions were significantly different, which could be attributed to their distinct gene transfer potentials. More exogenous ARGs and MRGs on the genomes of human pathogens indicated the importance of recent resistance acquisition in resistome development of human commensal flora. Overall, the study emphasizes the potential risk associated with ARG and MRG coselection of both environmental and medical relevance.
Stability of peatland carbon to rising temperatures
Authors: Wilson R. M. , Hopple A. M. , Tfaily M. M. , Sebestyen S. D. , Schadt C. W. , Pfeifer-Meister L. , Medvedeff C. , McFarlane K. J. , Kostka J. E. , Kolton M. , Kolka R.K. , Kluber L. A. , Keller J. K. , Guilderson T. P. , Griffiths N. A. , Chanton J. P. , Bridgham S. D. , Hanson P. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPeatlands contain one-third of soil carbon (C), mostly buried in deep, saturated anoxic zones (catotelm). The response of catotelm C to climate forcing is uncertain, because prior experiments have focused on surface warming. We show that deep peat heating of a 2 m-thick peat column results in an exponential increase in CH4 emissions. However, this response is due solely to surface processes and not degradation of catotelm peat. Incubations show that only the top 20–30 cm of peat from experimental plots have higher CH4 production rates at elevated temperatures. Radiocarbon analyses demonstrate that CH4 and CO2 are produced primarily from decomposition of surface-derived modern photosynthate, not catotelm C. There are no differences in microbial abundances, dissolved organic matter concentrations or degradative enzyme activities among treatments. These results suggest that although surface peat will respond to increasing temperature, the large reservoir of catotelm C is stable under current anoxic conditions.