bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperation and end‐to‐end in the Internet
Authors: Kantola Raimo , Kabir Hammad , Loiseau Patrick 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis paper analyzes the motivation and strategies for ensuring cooperative behavior among hosts and customer networks in the Internet and 5G networks. The hypothesis is that better cooperation among the benevolent entities could improve the overall Internet welfare, motivating the need for adoption of cooperative security. However, in state of the art, the prevalent security approach in the Internet is based on self‐help, while the adoption of cooperative methods is progressing slowly. At the same time, the ubiquitous reliance on 5G and mission critical nature of some of the new services, for example, ultrareliable (machine‐to‐machine) communication and Internet of things, requires that 5G will do its best to curb the malicious (noncooperative) behavior from becoming a cause of failure to the legitimate services. In this paper, we relate our analysis of the conditions for sustainable cooperation in the Internet with the famous end‐to‐end principle, and present the hypothesis that there is no end‐to‐end solution to the problem of ensuring cooperation among Internet hosts. Game theory allows studying the outcomes of interactions among the players with conflicting interests. We use it to study the hypothesis and show that introducing the reputation of Internet nodes and customer networks can lead to cooperation, which improves the overall Internet welfare and reduces the payoffs of malicious actors. We study the possible response of noncooperative users with advanced defection strategies and the resulting outcomes. We argue that 5G shall make significant progress towards uprooting the selfish behavior and malicious activities using cooperation and relate it with motivation for providing ubiquitous connectivity and ultrareliable services. The paper concludes by summarizing our earlier work on the application of the proposed methods of cooperation to 5G and the Internet; outlining how cooperation in security is not only desirable but also feasible.
Agent‐based secure routing for underwater acoustic sensor networks
Authors: Bharamagoudra Manjula R. , Manvi Sunilkumar S. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe underwater networks have severe security implications and are vulnerable to various types of attacks such as selective forwarding, wormhole, and sinkhole. Neighbor discovery, a fundamental requirement for routing is vulnerable to wormhole attack, which enables false neighbor acceptance, thereby degrading the routing performance. The proposed agent‐based secured routing scheme enhances the quality of service by discovering the wormhole resilient secure neighbors and route the information through the secure path. This scheme uses 4 agencies, namely, security, routing, underwater gateway, and vehicle, which are embedded with static and mobile agents. (1) Agents in security agency of a node discover secured neighbors by using the direction of arrival estimation and authentication, (2) agents in routing agency of a node establish secured routes from source to surface gateway, (3) agents in Underwater Gateway Agency communicate with Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and underwater nodes for key distribution, and (4) vehicle traversing agency in AUV coordinates with Underwater Gateway Agency for changing AUVs traversal to cover the isolated network area. The proposed scheme depicts the improved performance compared to basic neighbor discovery and channel aware routing protocol in terms of failure detection, energy consumption, and overheads.
Prediction of Arctic plant phenological sensitivity to climate change from historical records
Authors: Panchen Zoe A. , Gorelick Root 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe pace of climate change in the Arctic is dramatic, with temperatures rising at a rate double the global average. The timing of flowering and fruiting (phenology) is often temperature dependent and tends to advance as the climate warms. Herbarium specimens, photographs, and field observations can provide historical phenology records and have been used, on a localised scale, to predict species’ phenological sensitivity to climate change. Conducting similar localised studies in the Canadian Arctic, however, poses a challenge where the collection of herbarium specimens, photographs, and field observations have been temporally and spatially sporadic. We used flowering and seed dispersal times of 23 Arctic species from herbarium specimens, photographs, and field observations collected from across the 2.1 million km2 area of Nunavut, Canada, to determine (1) which monthly temperatures influence flowering and seed dispersal times; (2) species’ phenological sensitivity to temperature; and (3) whether flowering or seed dispersal times have advanced over the past 120 years. We tested this at different spatial scales and compared the sensitivity in different regions of Nunavut. Broadly speaking, this research serves as a proof of concept to assess whether phenology–climate change studies using historic data can be conducted at large spatial scales. Flowering times and seed dispersal time were most strongly correlated with June and July temperatures, respectively. Seed dispersal times have advanced at double the rate of flowering times over the past 120 years, reflecting greater late‐summer temperature rises in Nunavut. There is great diversity in the flowering time sensitivity to temperature of Arctic plant species, suggesting climate change implications for Arctic ecological communities, including altered community composition, competition, and pollinator interactions. Intraspecific temperature sensitivity and warming trends varied markedly across Nunavut and could result in greater changes in some parts of Nunavut than in others.
Environmental responses, not species interactions, determine synchrony of dominant species in semiarid grasslands
Authors: Tredennick Andrew T. , de Mazancourt Claire , Loreau Michel , Adler Peter B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTemporal asynchrony among species helps diversity to stabilize ecosystem functioning, but identifying the mechanisms that determine synchrony remains a challenge. Here, we refine and test theory showing that synchrony depends on three factors: species responses to environmental variation, interspecific interactions, and demographic stochasticity. We then conduct simulation experiments with empirical population models to quantify the relative influence of these factors on the synchrony of dominant species in five semiarid grasslands. We found that the average synchrony of per capita growth rates, which can range from 0 (perfect asynchrony) to 1 (perfect synchrony), was higher when environmental variation was present (0.62) rather than absent (0.43). Removing interspecific interactions and demographic stochasticity had small effects on synchrony. For the dominant species in these plant communities, where species interactions and demographic stochasticity have little influence, synchrony reflects the covariance in species’ responses to the environment.
Biomarkers, designs, and interpretations of resting‐state fMRI in translational pharmacological research: A review of state‐of‐the‐Art, challenges, and opportunities for studying brain chemistry
Authors: Khalili‐Mahani Najmeh , Rombouts Serge A.R.B. , van Osch Matthias J.P. , Duff Eugene P. , Carbonell Felix , Nickerson Lisa D. , Becerra Lino , Dahan Albert , Evans Alan C , Soucy Jean‐Paul , Wise Richard , Zijdenbos Alex P. , van Gerven Joop M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA decade of research and development in resting‐state functional MRI (RSfMRI) has opened new translational and clinical research frontiers. This review aims to bridge between technical and clinical researchers who seek reliable neuroimaging biomarkers for studying drug interactions with the brain. About 85 pharma‐RSfMRI studies using BOLD signal (75% of all) or arterial spin labeling (ASL) were surveyed to investigate the acute effects of psychoactive drugs. Experimental designs and objectives include drug fingerprinting dose‐response evaluation, biomarker validation and calibration, and translational studies. Common biomarkers in these studies include functional connectivity, graph metrics, cerebral blood flow and the amplitude and spectrum of BOLD fluctuations. Overall, RSfMRI‐derived biomarkers seem to be sensitive to spatiotemporal dynamics of drug interactions with the brain. However, drugs cause both central and peripheral effects, thus exacerbate difficulties related to biological confounds, structured noise from motion and physiological confounds, as well as modeling and inference testing. Currently, these issues are not well explored, and heterogeneities in experimental design, data acquisition and preprocessing make comparative or meta‐analysis of existing reports impossible. A unifying collaborative framework for data‐sharing and data‐mining is thus necessary for investigating the commonalities and differences in biomarker sensitivity and specificity, and establishing guidelines. Multimodal datasets including sham‐placebo or active control sessions and repeated measurements of various psychometric, physiological, metabolic and neuroimaging phenotypes are essential for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and interpretation of the findings. We provide a list of basic minimum and advanced options that can be considered in design and analyses of future pharma‐RSfMRI studies. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2276–2325, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship between COD particle size distribution, COD fractionation and biodegradation characteristics in domestic sewage
Authors: Noyan Kerem , Allı Buşra , Okutman Taş Didem , Sözen Seval , Orhon Derin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe study rationale was to explore the potential of particle size distribution (PSD) to support COD fractionation of sewage. Accordingly, the main aim focused on establishing the experimental relation between COD fractionation and PSD on two samples of a selected source, one representing the average character of the sewage and the other a weaker sample. PSD analyses were also conducted on effluent samples.RESULTSPSD profiles of COD yielded the typical bimodal distribution, one major peak representing 65% of COD, higher than 1600 nm and the second peak of 10% lower than 2 nm. Results were evaluated to underline the potential of PSD in complementing COD fractionation as related to biodegradation. PSD exhibited a close relationship with COD fractions with different biodegradation characteristics and defined all major COD fractions except the initial soluble and particulate inert COD fractions.CONCLUSIONSelection of appropriate values for inert COD fractions together with default kinetic information available for sewage would enable modelling and designing of various biological treatment alternatives without the need for time consuming experiments on COD fractionation. Furthermore, PSD of biological treatment effluent provided concrete evidence for the generation of soluble residual products, which should be part of all modelling evaluations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Placentation in watersnakes II: Placental ultrastructure in Nerodia erythrogaster (Colubridae: Natricinae)
Authors: Blackburn Daniel G. , Anderson Kristie E. , Lo Amy R. , Marquez Emily C. , Callard Ian P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUltrastructure of the placental tissues from redbelly watersnakes (Nerodia erythrogaster) was analyzed during late pregnancy to provide insight into placental development and function. Examination of the chorioallantoic placenta with transmission electron microscopy reveals that chorionic and uterine epithelia are extremely attenuated but intact and that the eggshell membrane is vestigial and lacks a calcareous layer. These features minimize the interhemal diffusion distance across the placenta. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that fetal and maternal components of the placentas are richly vascularized by dense networks of capillaries. Although the yolk sac omphalopleure has largely been replaced by chorioallantois by late gestation, it retains patches of yolk droplets and regions of absorptive cells with microvilli and abundant mitochondria. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that yolk material is taken up for digestion by endodermal cells. As yolk is removed, allantoic capillaries invade to occupy positions just beneath the epithelium, forming regions of chorioallantoic placentation. Ultrastructural features indicate that the chorioallantoic placenta is specialized for gas exchange, while the omphalallantoic (“yolk sac”) placenta shows evidence of functions in yolk digestion and maternal‐fetal nutrient transfer. Placental features of this species are consistent with those of other thamnophines, and are evolutionarily convergent on snakes of other viviparous clades.
Dynamic formulation for energetic model compared with hybrid magnetic formulation of ferromagnetic hysteresis
Authors: Hamimid Mourad , Mimoune Souri Mohamed , Feliachi Mouloud 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, dynamic formulation for energetic model proposed by H Hauser of ferromagnetic hysteresis is compared with the Jiles‐Atherton model that has been applied for hybrid magnetic field formulation. This model is based on the concept of the losses separation method. The energetic model is suitable for quasistatic ferromagnetic hysteresis and to improve this model in dynamic behavior, we modify the total energy given by the energetic model by introducing 2 additional energies associated with classical eddy and excess losses. Two new parameters related to eddy and excess losses are introduced. The identification of these parameters is achieved by measuring the volumetric energy density. All parameters are kept constant regardless of the used frequencies. The validity of this approach is justified by comparison of calculated hysteresis loops to measurements for different frequencies, and good agreements are obtained.
Tag der organischen Chemie an der Universität Stuttgart
Authors: Laschat Sabine 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAm 14. Oktober feierte der Tag der organischen Chemie an der Universität Stuttgart (Tocus) sein 20‐jähriges Jubiläum. Zu diesem Anlass präsentierten zwölf Doktoranden in Kurzvorträgen ihre Forschungsergebnisse einem Publikum aus Hochschule und Industrie. Die Themen reichten von Farbstoffen mit Funktion und Naturstoffsynthesen über effiziente Katalysen bis zur Lebensmittelanalytik.
Interorgan cross talk between fatty acid metabolism, tissue inflammation, and FADS2 genotype in humans with obesity
Authors: Vaittinen Maija , Männistö Ville , Käkelä Pirjo , Ågren Jyrki , Tiainen Mika , Schwab Ursula , Pihlajamäki Jussi 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveFatty acid (FA) composition affects obesity‐associated low‐grade inflammation. It has been shown that the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 2 gene polymorphism associates with FA metabolism and adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FA metabolism and inflammation in different tissues and the possible interorgan cross talk.MethodsCross‐sectional baseline data from 155 individuals with obesity (both male and female) participating in the Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass operation in the ongoing Kuopio Obesity Surgery Study were used. Gas chromatograph for FA composition, liver histology, and targeted RNA expression for gene expression profile were performed.ResultsIt was demonstrated that the saturated fatty acid (SFA) proportion in AT correlated positively with inflammation in subcutaneous AT (SAT) and visceral AT (VAT) but not in the liver, while the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) proportion in SAT and VAT correlated negatively with AT inflammation. Notably, there was a positive correlation between AT n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), but not AT SFAs or MUFAs, and liver inflammation. This correlation was modified by the FADS2 genotype.ConclusionsThe AT FA profile relates with AT inflammation. Additionally, there seems to be a complex interaction, partly regulated by the FADS2 genotype, regulating the interaction between FAs in AT and liver inflammation.
A novel membership cloud model‐based trust evaluation model for vehicular ad hoc network of T‐CPS
Authors: Sun Dihua , Zhao Hongzhuan , Cheng Senlin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIt is generally known that the trust relationships among mobile nodes of vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) are uncertain in transportation cyber‐physical system (T‐CPS). However, the existing researches could not accurately describe the uncertainty in their trust evaluation models. To solve this problem, we propose a novel membership cloud‐based trust evaluation model for VANET of T‐CPS. The proposed model considers the trust uncertainty of fuzziness and randomness in the interactions among vehicles and uses membership cloud to describe the uncertainty in unified formats. Besides, we give the detail description of trustworthiness as well as algorithm to calculate the cloud droplets and the aggregated trust evaluation values. An experiment of study case demonstrates that our trust model can perfectly describe trust relationship among vehicles from the quantitative data to the qualitative information, and also vice versa. Thus, our trust model can accurately describe the uncertainty of fuzziness and randomness of the trust relationships. Meanwhile, two typical scenarios simulation and comparison with other up to date models demonstrate the validity and practicality of our trust model among vehicles for VANET of T‐CPS. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of wind resource spatial variability on floating offshore wind farms finance
Authors: del Jesus Fernando , Guanche Raúl , Losada Íñigo J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWind resource availability determines the financial performance of wind farms as it is directly related to production. Offshore wind developers require great investments to design, build, operate and dismantle offshore wind farms. Furthermore, the investments in the offshore floating wind sector are expected to increase in the future. Because of that, the assessment of the variability of the investments, mainly because of the wind resource variability, seems to be a crucial step in the design methodology. Consequently, a flexible methodology for supporting offshore floating wind farm optimal location assessment is presented in this paper. The proposed methodology is focused on including the offshore wind resource variability and its influence on the power production of floating wind farms, as well as on the main financial indicators (internal rate of return, net present value, pay‐back period and cost of energy). The methodology is applied to the north coast of Spain, and it allows to identify the most promising sites for offshore wind farms deployment. Differences on the cost of energy up to 100% can be found in the area under study. The methodology proposed has been conceived to be site‐independent and applied at any spatial and time horizon. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy development and hunter success for mule deer and pronghorn in Wyoming
Authors: Gamo R. Scott , Smith Kurt T. , Beck Jeffrey L. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTInfrastructure associated with energy development influences hunter access and introduces disturbance activities to landscapes that can influence habitat selection and behavior of ungulates. Consequently, habitat loss and hunter access concerns must be addressed by wildlife managers as they consider management of populations of western big game species including mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana). We evaluated whether increased energy development, as quantified through change in well pad density, has affected hunter success of mule deer and pronghorn. Ungulates tend to avoid energy development; therefore, we also evaluated whether hunting statistics can be used to identify potential effects of energy development on mule deer and pronghorn. We included data from 22 of 39 mule deer and 34 of 46 pronghorn Herd Units across Wyoming, USA, from 1980 to 2012. On average, well pad densities across mule deer Herd Units increased from 0.01 km2 in 1980 to 0.06 km2 in 2012, and well pads in pronghorn Herd Units increased from 0.01 km2 to 0.12 km2 during the same period. Our results indicated that hunter success for mule deer in Wyoming was positively associated with hunter effort, whereas pronghorn hunter success was negatively associated with hunter effort. Hunter success for both species was unaffected by well pad density. We identified a change in mule deer and pronghorn harvest success associated with hunter numbers and effort; however, harvest statistics were not informative in identifying impacts from energy development on mule deer or pronghorn populations. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Reforming China's State-owned Enterprises: From Structure to People
Authors: Lin Li-Wen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Chinese Communist Party has recently unveiled its new agenda for state-owned enterprise (SOE) reform. Most attention to date has focused on structural reform through the so-called “mixed ownership” policy. This article is to direct attention to a critically important yet much less analysed item on the SOE reform agenda: the professionalization of the SOE executive personnel. This article provides an empirical study on the managerial elite of China's financial and non-financial SOEs. The findings suggest a politically constrained management approach in the Chinese state-owned sector. Moreover, an innovative analysis of the SOE executive career patterns reveals that the state-controlled banks and industrial SOEs employ divergent human resource management methods. The anatomy of the SOE managerial elite in this article provides a timely evaluation of the recent SOE reform policy and a richer understanding of China's state-owned sector from a comparative capitalism perspective.
Land tenure security and technical efficiency: new insights from a case study in Northwest China
Authors: Ma Xianlei , Heerink Nico , Feng Shuyi , Shi Xiaoping 
Published: February 2017

AbstractImproving technical efficiency in agriculture can play an important role in meeting present and future demands for agricultural products, at the same time enhancing the long-term sustainability of land and water use. This paper examines the impact of household perceptions of land tenure security on technical efficiency using detailed household-level data collected in Minle County in northwest China. The authors find that the (perceived) tenure security provided by land certificates encourages part-time farming with relatively low technical efficiency. The renting out of land by households with migrant members can only partly make up for this negative effect, because land rental markets are thin and highly fragmented. Therefore, the provision of land certificates to rural households has a negative impact on technical efficiency. For tenure security provided by the expected absence of land reallocations in the near future, on the other hand, the authors find that it reduces temporary migration and thereby contributes to higher technical efficiency.