bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Model of Fuel Combustion Process in The Marine Reciprocating Engine Work Space Taking Into Account Load and Wear of Crankshaft-Piston Assembly and The Theory of Semi-Markov Processes
Authors: Girtler Jerzy 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe article analyses the operation of reciprocal internal combustion engines, with marine engines used as an example. The analysis takes into account types of energy conversion in the work spaces (cylinders) of these engines, loads of their crankshaft-piston assemblies, and types of fuel combustion which can take place in these spaces during engine operation. It is highlighted that the analysed time-dependent loads of marine internal combustion engine crankshaft-piston assemblies are random processes. It is also indicated that the wear of elements of those assemblies resulting from their load should also be considered a random process. A hypothesis is formulated which explains random nature of load and the absence of the theoretically expected detonation combustion in engines supplied with such fuels as Diesel Oil, Marine Diesel Oil, and Heavy Fuel Oil. A model is proposed for fuel combustion in an arbitrary work space of a marine Diesel engine, which has the form of a stochastic four-state process, discrete in states and continuous in time. The model is based on the theory of semi-Markov processes.
Assessment of a Boat Fractured Steering Wheel
Authors: Vukelic Goran 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
During regular use of the steering wheel mounted on a boat, two cracks emanating from a fastener hole were noticed which, consequently, caused final fracture of the wheel. To determine the behavior of a boat steering wheel with cracks present, assessment of a fractured wheel was performed. Torque moments of the fasteners were measured prior to removing the steering wheel from the boat. Visual and dye penetrant inspection followed along with the material detection. Besides using experimental procedures, assessment of the fractured wheel was performed using finite element analysis, i.e. stress intensity factor values were numerically determined. Variation of stress intensity factor with crack length is presented. Possible causes of crack occurrence are given and they include excessive values of fastener torque moments coupled with fretting between fastener and fastener hole that was poorly machined. Results obtained by this assessment can be taken for predicting fracture behavior of a cracked steering wheel and as a reference in the design, mounting and exploitation process of steering wheels improving that way their safety in transportation environment.
Identity dimensions versus proactive coping in late adolescence while taking into account biological sex and psychological gender
Authors: Kalka Dorota , Karcz Bartosz 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The aim of study was to investigate the relationship between proactive coping strategies and the dimensions of identity formation, along with the role of biological sex and psychological gender as moderators for this relationship. We conducted analyses aimed at showing differences in terms of identity dimensions levels and proactive coping strategies used by a group of individuals with different biological sex and psychological gender. A group of 101 students from upper secondary schools (47 females, 54 males) from Pomeranian Voivodeship took part in the study. We used in our research The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale; The Psychological Gender Inventory and The Proactive Coping Inventory for Adolescents. We found, among others, that in the case of a proactive strategy, biological sex turned out to be a significant moderator in the relationship between this variable and identity dimensions: ruminative exploration, commitment-making and identification with commitment. In the case of instrumental support seeking, psychological gender turned out to be a significant moderator for the relationship between these variables and a part of identity dimensions. The obtained results show that, regardless of whether young people, in terms of characteristics that are stereotypically associated with biological sex, are described as aschematic (undifferentiated individuals) or schematic (sex-typed) when entering adulthood and attempting to constitute themselves, more often cope in a task-oriented manner by trying to create a set of information useful in difficult situations and aspire to obtain informational support from individuals in one’s own social network, who are regarded as safe people.
Psychology Students Try on the Role of Educational Diagnosticians. Preliminary Studies
Authors: Niemierko Bolesław 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The aim of the studies was to ascertain how far psychology students are ready to learn the vocation of education assistants to children and youth. Four general ways of acquiring knowledge and skills - by assimilation, by doing, by discovering, and by impression - were distinguished and interpreted with regard to the students’ prospective employment in educational institutions. Learning by doing (model Beta) and by impression (model Delta) turned out to be more expressive in the student self-reports than learning by assimilation (model Alpha) and by discovering (model Gamma).
A proof that the Nosal/Paluchowski typology of diagnosticians applies to psychology students was also in search. However, the pertinent Educational Diagnostician Inventory appeared satisfactorily valid only for those psychology sophomores who manifested the best-shaped attitudes towards educational diagnoses. They belonged mostly to concrete-objective (Proceduralist) and global-subjective (Intuitionist) attitude categories. Transactional analysis partly supported these findings of the survey.
NAS-50 and NAS-40: New scales for the assessment of self-control
Authors: Nęcka Edward , Wujcik Radosław , Orzechowski Jarosław , Gruszka Aleksandra , Janik Beata , Nowak Michał , Wójcik Natalia 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we present a new questionnaire for the assessment of self-control as an individual trait. We describe the process of construction of this assessment tool. We also report the results of relevant validation studies. The questionnaire has two independent versions, one based on self-reports (NAS-50) and another one based on other-reports (NAS-40). The first version consists of five subscales (10 items each), called Initiative and Persistence (IP), Proactive Control (PC), Switching and Flexibility (SF), Inhibition and Adjournment (IA), and Goal Maintenance (GM). Seven samples of participants (N = 934 altogether) took part in the validation study. The second version has not been split into subscales. Both versions obtained satisfactory indices of internal consistency, assessed with Cronbach’s alpha (for NAS- 50 total score a = .861, for the subscales a between .726 and .867; for NAS-40 a = .844). The NAS-50 and NAS-40 scores were highly correlated with other measures of self-control, including Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone’s (2004) self-control scale. They also proved to be entirely independent of general intelligence. In conclusion, both versions can be regarded reliable and valid enough, and therefore suitable for the assessment of trait self-control for research purposes.
Of Earth and Sky: A Pair of Ming Hanging Scrolls, from Past Repairs to Present Conservation
Authors: Stiglitz Marinita , Bearman Julia 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA pair of Chinese scrolls representing the earth and sky were donated to the Bodleian Library in 1684. They are thought to be ephemeral items printed during the late Ming dynasty. Records indicate that in 1883 the scrolls were trimmed, patched with transparent paper, backed with cloth and mounted in an unsympathetic manner. In this paper, we consider the conservation and preservation measures adopted by the then Bodleian Librarian and reflect on his participation at the St. Gall Conference in 1898. The conservation treatment of the scrolls completed in 2015 was guided by their past repairs, current ethical considerations and scientific analysis. Breaking the strong bond between the transparent paper and the fragile surface of the scrolls required experimentation with the Albertina Compress and Gellan gum. The recreation of functional hanging scrolls involved the use of traditional scroll-mounting techniques and the reinterpretation of the Chinese mounting style from a western conservation perspective. We also discuss the experience gained in treating two artefacts with almost identical problems.
The Economics and Law of Sovereign Debt and Risk Sharing: Some Lessons from the Eurozone Crisis
Authors: Basu Kaushik 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAnalyzing the source of the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis, the paper argues the need for greater risk sharing and joint liability across sovereigns. This will require amending some of the legal provisions that underlie the European Union and the creation of the Euro. Once this is done it will be possible to consider the creation of Eurobonds and other liability arrangements, which can promote investment and job creation. A simple theoretical model is presented to bolster the argument.
Les deux barricades: Complexité sémiotique et objectivation des faits de style dans un extrait desMisérables
Authors: Yocaris Ilias 
Published: October 2016

RésuméNotre étude porte sur les descriptions parallèles de la barricade Saint-Antoine et de la barricade du faubourg du Temple dansLes Misérables(V, 1, 1). On peut soutenir que ces deux descriptions sont des mises en abyme: en effet, Victor Hugo semble les utiliser pour pointer les excès qui guettent respectivement le romantisme et le classicisme, tout en assumant sa volonté d’en finir avec l’esthétique classique. Il émerge de la sorte tout un dispositif allégorique, dont la description détaillée permet de mettre en évidence trois paramètres: (a) l’impact sémiotique du travail de stylisation, qui complexifie la langue ordinaire et permet d’accroître considérablement son potentiel investigateur; (b) la dimension holistique des textes stylisés, qui donnent à voir des synergies parfois très poussées entre des niveaux organisationnels et des constituants différents; (c) la présence d’interactions texte/lecteur impossibles à éliminer, qui rendent problématique toute tentative d’objectiver intégralement les faits de style et les agencements discursifs observables dans le texte hugolien.
Sweetened beverage intake and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Löfvenborg Josefin E , Andersson Tomas , Carlsson Per-Ola , Dorkhan Mozhgan , Groop Leif , Martinell Mats , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Wolk Alicja , Carlsson Sofia 
Published: October 2016

Objective
Sweetened beverage intake is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but its association with autoimmune diabetes is unclear. We aimed to investigate sweetened beverage intake and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA); autoimmune diabetes with features of type 2 diabetes.

Design/methods
Data from a Swedish population-based study was used, including incident cases of LADA (n = 357) and type 2 diabetes (n = 1136) and randomly selected controls (n = 1371). Diabetes classification was based on onset age (≥35), glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) and C-peptide. Sweetened beverage intake information was derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. ORs adjusted for age, sex, family history of diabetes, education, lifestyle, diet, energy intake and BMI were estimated using logistic regression.

Results
Daily intake of >2 servings of sweetened beverages (consumed by 6% of participants) was associated with increased risk of LADA (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.11–3.56), and for each 200 mL daily serving, OR was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.02–1.29). Findings were similar for sugar-sweetened (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.00–1.39) and artificially sweetened beverages (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.95–1.32). Similarly, each daily serving increment in total sweetened beverage conferred 20% higher type 2 diabetes risk (95% CI: 1.07–1.34). In type 2 diabetes patients, high consumers displayed higher HOMA-IR levels (4.5 vs 3.5, P = 0.0002), but lower HOMA-B levels (55 vs 70, P = 0.0378) than non-consumers. Similar tendencies were seen in LADA.

Conclusions
High intake of sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of LADA. The observed relationship resembled that with type 2 diabetes, suggesting common pathways possibly involving insulin resistance.
Le developpement de la pensee visuelle chez l’apprenant entendant dans un cours de LSF
Authors: Gebert Alain 
Published: October 2016

En France, les dispositifs de la loi de 2005 reconnaissent la Langue des signes française (LSF) comme une langue à part entière et statuent qu’elle « peut être choisie comme épreuve optionnelle aux examens et concours, y compris ceux de la formation professionnelle. ». Les programmes officiels d’enseignement de la LSF qui en sont issus visent non seulement les lycéens sourds, locuteurs de cette langue mais également les élèves entendants ayant des profils de grands débutants en LSF. De ce fait, la formation des enseignants de la LSF a été amenée à évoluer et à se renforcer, notamment dans le domaine des processus cognitifs. Il faut désormais proposer des séquences d’enseignement selon un plan pédagogique adapté à un public de débutants.Dans cette perspective, notre mémoire tutoré étudie le développement de la pensée visuelle chez l’apprenant entendant habitué à utiliser des langues vocales. L’acquisition par ce dernier d’une organisation visuelle de la pensée est un pré requis indispensable pour l’apprentissage de la LSF, langue quadridimensionne.MOTS-CLÉS : Apprentissage - LSF. Pensée visuelle. Débutants. Gestualité.. Structures de transferts.
Epithelial Cells Secrete Interferon‐γ Which Suppresses Expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa‐B Ligand in Human Mandibular Osteoblast‐Like Cells
Authors: Khonsuphap Pakchisa , Pavasant Prasit , Irwandi Rizky Aditya , Leethanakul Chidchanok , Vacharaksa Anjalee 
Published: October 2016

Background: Prostaglandin (PG)E2 accumulates in inflamed periodontal tissue and induces receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL)‐RANK‐osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling associated with bone resorption. Although oral epithelial cells maintain tissue homeostasis, the role of these cells in RANKL regulation remains unknown.Methods: To mimic an inflamed condition, RANKL upregulation in human mandibular osteoblast‐like cells (HMOBs) were stimulated with PGE2. Effect of recombinant human interferon (IFN)‐γ or epithelial‐derived IFN‐γ in constitutively released or Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS)‐stimulated epithelial supernatant was investigated in HMOBs. Some HMOBs were pretreated with an anti‐IFN‐γ antibody before PGE2 stimulation. THP‐1 human monocytes and HMOBs were cocultured in a transwell system to investigate RANKL‐driven THP‐1 osteoclastic activity.Results: PGE2 significantly increased RANKL messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in HMOBs in a dose‐dependent manner, while OPG protein remained similar to baseline. Epithelial cells constitutively released IFN‐γ, which was substantially increased by PgLPS. HMOBs treated with epithelial supernatant or recombinant IFN‐γ, concurrently with PGE2 stimulation, reduced RANKL, but not OPG, expression. In contrast, anti‐IFN‐γ antibody reversed the effect of epithelial mediators on RANKL expression. When cocultured with THP‐1, RANKL released by PGE2‐stimulated HMOBs is adequate to drive THP‐1 differentiation as osteoclastogenic gene expression and bone resorption pit are increased. However, recombinant IFN‐γ, or IFN‐γ derived from oral epithelial cells, suppressed RANKL expression at both the mRNA and protein level, resulting in decreased THP‐1‐derived osteoclastic activity.Conclusion: Oral epithelial cells interact with HMOBs by releasing IFN‐γ to regulate RANKL expression and contribute to osteoclastogenesis.
Simulation of Surfactant/Polymer Floods With a Predictive and Robust Microemulsion Flash Calculation
Authors: Khorsandi Saeid , Qiao Changhe , Johns Russell T. 
Published: October 2016

Summary
A compositional reservoir simulator that uses a predictive microemulsion phase-behavior model is essential for accurate estimation of oil recovery from surfactant/polymer (SP) floods. Current chemical-flooding simulators, however, use Hand's model (Hand 1939) for phase-behavior calculation. Hand's model can reasonably fit a limited set of experimental data, such as those of a salinity scan, but because it is empirical, it cannot predict phase behavior outside the matched data set. Hydrophyllic/lypophyllic difference (HLD) and net-average-curvature (NAC) equation of state (EOS) (Acosta et al. 2003) has shown great performance for tuning and prediction of experimental data. In this paper, the EOS model with the extension to two-phase regions has been incorporated for the first time into UTCHEM (2000) and our in-house general-purpose compositional simulator, PennSim (2013). All Winsor regions (Type II−, II+, III, and IV) are modeled by use of a consistent physics-based EOS model without the need for Hand's approach. The new simulator is therefore able to account correctly for gridblock properties, which can vary temporally and spatially, and significantly improve the modeling of phase behavior and oil recovery. The results show excellent agreement between UTCHEM and PennSim both in composition space and for composition/saturation profiles for the 1D simulation. The effects of varying pressure, temperature, equivalent alkane carbon number (EACN), and salinity on recoveries are demonstrated also in 1D simulations.
Drought Enhances Nitrogen Uptake and Assimilation in Maize Roots
Authors: Wang Huan , Yang Zongze , Yu Yanan , Chen Siyu , He Zhang , Wang Yong , Jiang Li , Wang Guan , Yang Chunwu , Liu Bao , Zhang Zhian 
Published: October 2016

Core Ideas
Different tissues displayed different N‐metabolic responses to drought condition.
Drought stress enhanced N uptake and assimilation in maize roots.
AMT1;1b, AMT1;3, NRT1;2 and NRT2;5 play important roles in maize drought tolerance.
Nitrogen metabolism has important roles in plant drought tolerance, and higher N uptake can enhance plant drought tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of N metabolism regulation in maize drought tolerance. We measured the expression of genes known to be involved in N uptake and assimilation, together with various photosynthetic parameters, and nutrient content, in different tissues from maize plants exposed to water deficit conditions. Different tissues displayed significant differences in their regulation of N metabolism during the adaptation of maize plants to drought stress. The impact of drought on ammonium (NH4+) assimilation was much greater in old and mature leaves than in younger leaves. Correspondingly, drought had a smaller effect on photosynthesis in young leaves than in old and mature leaves, suggesting that the disruption of NH4+ assimilation in the latter may be attributable to a greater reduction in photosynthesis. In roots, we found that drought stress dramatically enhanced the expression levels of nearly all genes involved in N uptake and assimilation, including AMT1;3, AMT1;1b, NRT1;2 and NRT2;5, NR, GS2, and GS1;2. We suggest that increasing the expression of AMT1;1b, AMT1;3, NRT1;2, and NRT2;5 in maize roots under drought condition will increase N uptake and promote rapid accumulation of amino acids. The data revealed that AMT1;1b, AMT1;3, NRT1;2, and NRT2;5 may play important roles in drought tolerance of maize.
Achieving Diverse Cover Crop Mixtures: Effects of Planting Date and Seeding Rate
Authors: Murrell Ebony G. , Schipanski Meagan E. , Finney Denise M. , Hunter Mitchell C. , Burgess Mac , LaChance James C. , Baraibar Barbara , White Charles M. , Mortensen David A. , Kaye Jason P. 
Published: October 2016

Cover crop mixtures retain higher diversity when allowed sufficient growth in fall.
Cereal rye dominates mixtures in spring, particularly when fall planting is delayed.
Grasses overperform in cover crop mixtures compared to their growth in monoculture.
Brassicas underperform in cover crop mixtures compared to their growth in monoculture.
Legumes’ growth in cover crop mixtures varies depending on species and planting time.
Cover crop mixtures may provide greater diversity of benefits than monocultures. To develop management principles to establish diverse cover crop mixtures, we conducted a 3‐yr study in which monocultures and mixtures of six cover crop species (cereal rye [Secale cereale L.], oat [Avena sativa L.], common medium red clover [Trifolium pratense L.], Austrian winter pea [Pisum sativum L.], forage radish [Raphanus sativus L.], and winter canola [Brassica napus L.]) were planted in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–maize (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation after wheat (AW) and after maize (AM). Post‐emergence stand counts and aboveground biomass in fall and spring were measured by species for all cover crop treatments. All species planted manifested in monocultures and mixtures in fall, though oat dominated and red clover, canola, and radish underperformed in mixtures. Cereal rye had the highest spring biomass in all mixtures, especially AM. Pea spring biomass was disproportionally greater in relation to seeding rate in the six‐species mixture (6 Spp.) than in monoculture when planted AW. A four‐species mixture (4 Spp.) planted AW retained the highest diversity after overwintering in two of the three planting years. Our study demonstrated that (i) cover crop mixtures retain higher diversity when allowed sufficient growth in fall; (ii) cereal rye dominates mixtures in spring, particularly when fall planting is delayed; (iii) grasses overperform in mixtures compared to their growth in monocultures; (iv) brassicas underperform in mixtures vs. monocultures; and (v) legume growth in mixtures depends on species and planting time.
Calcium Cyanamide Effects on Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Yield, Nitrates, and Dry Matter Content of Lettuce
Authors: Di Gioia Francesco , Gonnella Maria , Buono Vito , Ayala Osman , Cacchiarelli Josefina , Santamaria Pietro 
Published: October 2016

Core Ideas
Calcium cyanamide may be a good N fertilizer source for lettuce crops.
Calcium cyanamide can reduce nitrate accumulation in lettuce crops.
Calcium cyanamide did not improve lettuce crop N use efficiency.
Lettuce genotypes influence the crop N uptake and N utilization efficiency.
A 2‐yr field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of calcium cyanamide as an alternative nitrogen (N) fertilizer source on N use efficiency (NUE), yield, and quality of two types of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), romaine (var. longifolia, cv. Manavert) and red oak‐leaf (var. crispa, cv. Aruba), grown on clay soil under a Mediterranean environment. Pretransplanting application of 120 kg ha−1 of N as calcium cyanamide (120CC) was compared with a traditional split application of 120 kg ha−1 of soluble N (120SN) consisting of 50% ammonium sulfate applied before transplanting and 50% as ammonium nitrate applied after transplanting. An unfertilized control (0‐N) was included to calculate NUE indices. At harvest leaf area index, dry weight, fresh yield, dry matter concentration, and NUE indices were not affected by the N source. Leaf nitrate (NO3−) content was on average 55 and 41% higher in Aruba than in Manavert in the first (Exp‐1) and second (Exp‐2) season, respectively. Plants fertilized with 120CC had lower leaf NO3− content (41 and 18% in Aruba and 70 and 21% in Manavert in Exp‐1 and Exp‐2, respectively) compared with those fertilized with 120SN. These results suggest calcium cyanamide may be used as an effective tool to reduce leaf NO3− accumulation and to produce high‐quality lettuce in compliance with European Regulation No. 1258/2011 while assuring competitive yields.