bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Trials with Abamectin for Control of Citrus Thrips, 1995
Authors: Khan Inamullah , Morse J. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Different rates of abamectin were compared against a standard (Veratran D) at five sites in the San Joaquin Valley during spring 1995 for control of citrus thrips. Treatments were applied to navel oranges with each treatment replicated twice at each site. Each replicate plot was at least 6 rows wide (most were larger, 2 acres or more). Citrus thrips infestation due to first and second instar immatures was monitored after petal fall by examining 10 fruit selected randomly from 10 trees of uniform vigor in each plot (200 fruit/treatment) except that 25 fruit were monitored in one of the two plots for each treatment at S & J 6-9 by Andrea Gjerde. Citrus thrips fruit scarring evaluations were taken in October, 1995, on all fruit from eye to knee level on the exterior of 15 randomly selected trees from each plot (30 trees per treatment). Typical scarring levels on outside fruit as sampled in this study are approximately twice as high as percent scarring of fruit sampled from the entire tree (inside fruit are less severally scarred). Scarring was rated as (a) none, (b) slight (any citrus thrips scarring), (c) severe (complete ring scar or extensive surface scarring at a level that would cause downgrading of fruit in a commercial operation). Economic scarring levels in a normal year are approximately 5% severe scars.
Control of Melon Thrips in Bush Beans, 1995
Authors: Seal D. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Bush bean was planted in a Rockdale soil on 10 March 1995 and spaced 1 inch in the row and 3 ft between rows. Plants were fertilized with 1700 lb./A of granular fertilizer on two dates, at planting and four weeks after planting. Bean was irrigated, 1 inch per irrigation, once a week and mechanically weeded whenever necessary. The experimental design consisted of a RCBD with four replications. Plots were four rows, 40 feet long. Nine insecticide treatments were compared with nontreated check. Treatments were: Methomyl, two rates of S-71639 (a growth regulator), Methamidophos, two rates of acephate, avermectin, imidacloprid, endosulfan and nontreated check. Treatments were applied weekly for five weeks, beginning on 21 March 1995 with a backpack sprayer with two nozzles per row at 40 psi delivering 50 gallons per acre. T. palmi numbers were estimated by counting larvae, males and females on 10 leaves in each plot, one leaf/plant.
Use of Soil and Foliar Insecticides to Control Thrips and Leafhoppers in Snapbeans, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Snapbeans were planted on 18 May at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 2 rows 25 ft long and planted on 3 ft row spacing. Plots were bordered on each side by an untreated guard row. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a RCBD. Granular treatments were applied in furrow prior to planting using a hand-held shaker. DiSyston and Thimet granules were manually incorporated to avoid direct contact with the seeds and phytotoxicity. The Orthene foliar spray was applied on 9 June, after the formation of the first trifoliate leaves, with a three-nozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi. To evaluate efficacy, 10 trifoliate leaves/plot were randomly picked on the dates indicated in the table, washed in soapy water, and filtered through a Buchner funnel. Thrips and PLH nymphs were then counted under a stereoscopic microscope.
Caterpillar Control in Cabbages, Summer 1995
Authors: Hargreaves JR , Cooper LP , Bull R 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbages were transplanted on 19 Oct 94 into a red krasnozem soil at the Redlands Horticultural Station, Cleveland, Queensland. Plants were spaced 0.3m in the rows, with rows 1.1m apart. Plots comprised 8 rows, 1.8m long separated by a 0.6m guard of bare ground in each row. Six treatments plus an unsprayed control, were arranged in RCB with four replicates. Regent 800WG 12.5, 25, 50, 100 gAI/ha, Hallmark 50 EC 17.5 gAI/ha and Dipel Forte 16 X 109 IU/ha were the treatments used. Five plants were randomly harvested from each plot and examined for the presence of larvae on 14, 21, 28 Nov 6, 12, 19 Dec 94. Insecticides were applied with an Echo® motorized backpack sprayer delivering 800 kPa through two hollow cone nozzles (Albuz® yellow 212) spaced 200 mm apart horizontally and calibrated to 400L/ ha on 15 Nov and recalibrated to 600L/ha on 7 Dec. Insecticides were applied on 15, 22, 29 Nov, 7, 13, 20, 28 Dec 94, 4 Jan 95. At harvest, 15 plants were rated for caterpillar damage as l=no damage, 2=1-2 holes, 3=3-10 holes, confined to packing leaves. 4=&gt;3 holes, extending to surface of head. 5 = &gt;3 holes, extending into paler leaves of the head. Ratings 1 to 3 were considered marketable.
Control of Cabbage Looper, Diamondback Moth and Imported Cabbageworm on Cabbage, 1995
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Mulford Karen , Baumann Donna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Bravo cabbage were planted in 1 row plots 35 ft. long on 27 Jul. Plants were spaced 22 inches apart in the row with 72 inches between rows. The treatment were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 2.0 gal of water anc applied with a custom-built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 30 psi. Treatments were applied oi 23, 29 Aug; 5, 12, 19, 26 Sept; 3, and 10 Oct. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1-6 and were indexed as follows: 1) no apparent insect feeding; 2 minor insect feeding on wrapper or outer leaves, 0-1% leaf area eaten; 3) moderate insect feeding on wrapper or outer leaves with no head damage, 2-5% leaf area eaten; 4) moderate insect feeding on wrapper or outer leaves with minor feeding on head, 6-10% leaf head unmarketable during norma marketing conditions; 5) moderate to heavy feeding on wrapper and head leaves and moderate number of feeding scars on head, 11-30% of leaf area eaten; 6) considerable insect feeding on wrapper and head leaves with head having numerous feeding scars, over 30% of leaf area eaten.
Field Evaluation of Fipronil for Dbm Control, 1996
Authors: Mau R.F.L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Shimabuku R. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The insecticides were evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park, from June to August. The field was set up in a RCB design with six treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot measured 70 ft by 7.5 ft. It consisted of four rows of cabbage on 36 in. centers and 18 in. in-row spacing. Adjacent rows were offset to allow equidistant plant spacing between rows. Treatments were applied using a tractor mounted with a PTO driven spray pump equipped with a 30 ft. boom. The boom was set with three banks nozzles that coincided with row spacing. Each group of nozzles had its own line from the main tank, therefore, spray output to specific treatment plots could be easily controlled by the sprayer operator. Treatments were applied at 45 psi with an output of 125 gpa. One TJ 60-8006 nozzle was used per row. The first treatment was made on 2 Jul, 1 day after transplanting. Subsequent applications were made on the following dates: 8, 16, 23, 30 Jul, 6, 13 Aug.
Control of Banks Grass Mite in Sweet Corn, 1996
Authors: Hammon R. W. , Bishop J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied with a hand held CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 18 gpa spray material at 25 psi through six LF4 nozzles at 18 inch spacing mounted on a 7.5 foot boom. Treatments were applied on 4 Jun, 1996, when sweet corn plants were approximately eight inches in height, with four to five true leaves. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Plot size was 10 ft X 30 ft, but only the center two rows of the four row plots were sampled. Mites were sampled on 4 Jun (PRE), 7 Jun (3 DAT), 11 Jun (7 DAT), and 18 Jun (14 DAT). The third true leaf of five random plants per plot was sampled on the first two sampling dates. The fourth true leaf of five plants was sampled on the final two sampling dates. Leaf samples were taken to the laboratory where mites were control under a dissecting microscope. Data were (X + 0.5)½ transformed before analysis of variance. Actual means are presented.
Foliar Sprays to Control Lepidopterans on Sweet Corn, 1996
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted on 17 Jun at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a 25-ft row with 3 ft spacing between rows. Plots were separated from each other by untreated guard rows, and each treatment was replicated 3 times in a RCB.
Onion Thrips Control, 1996
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Bishop Janson 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials conducted in Fruita, CO, using seeded onions (cv. Brown Beauty) in single rows at 30-in spacing Plots were 20-ft in length arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied 20 Jun and 11 Jul using a CO compressed air sprayer delivering 19.2 gpa at 40 psi in two passes directed along the sides of the planting. Evaluations were made by examining 10 plants per plot and counting all thrips present in the neck area of the onions.
Control of Onion Thrips Using Beauveria Bassiana Formulations, 1996
Authors: Gerace D. , Sclar D. Casey , Cranshaw W. , Tupy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted at the Horticulture Field Research Center of Colorado State University in Ft. Collins, CO, to evaluate two Beauveria bassiana formulations for the control of onion thrips on onions. Individual plots consisted of two rows of transplanted onions (cv. ‘Vega’) arranged in single-row beds, at 30-inch spacing, 5-ft in length with a 2-ft buffer between plots. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. During each application an equivalent of 1273 1/ha, including the wetting agent Silwet, was applied using a hand operated pump mister, that allowed thorough wetting of the foliage. Applications were made 21 Jun, 5 Jul, and 17 Jul. Evaluations were made by counting all thrips on 6 plants/plot.
Control of Tarnished Plant Bugs, Leafhoppers, Cucumber Beetles, Treehoppers and Flea Beetles on Southern Pea, 1995
Authors: Story R. , Ameen A. O. , Murray M. J. , Can F. , Ring D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were applied on 26 Jun 1995 on southern pea at the Burden Research Plantation in Baton Rouge, LA using labeled rates. A CO2 powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gpa at 30 psi through a spray boom with 3 nozzles was used. Experimental plots consisted of single rows (40 feet long by 4 feet wide) arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insect counts were made with sweep nets on 25 Jun (pre-treatment) and 29 Jun (post-treatment). In each plot, 25 sweeps were made. Insects were brought back to the laboratory and the number of indi-viduals of each species determined.
Control of Armyworm And Pepper Weevil on Bell Pepper, Fall 1995
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set 5 Sep, 12 inches apart on 8-inch-high and 32-inch-wide beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single row of 10 plants with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 9 Sep, 6, 13, 20, 27 Oct, 10, 17, 25 Nov, 2, 8, 15, 22 and 29 Dec. The sprayer was outfitted with a single nozzle with a D-5 disk and #45 core and delivered 100 gpa at 60 psi. On 13 Nov, each plot was rated 1 to 12 for increasing defoliation due to armyworm feeding using the Horsfall-Barratt scale. Fruit were harvested on 13, 27 Nov, 18 Dec and 5 Jan. The number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by beet armyworm larvae were determined. Fruit also were examined for the presence of surface oviposition scars and larval feeding damage inside, caused by the pepper weevil.
Foliar Sprays to Control Insects on Potatoes, 1996
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 26 Mar at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 4 rows 20 ft long with 3 ft between-row spacing and 6 ft of bare ground between plots Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB.
Foliar and Root Swell Insecticide Applications to Control Soil Insects in Sweetpotatoes, 1996
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sweet-potatoes were transplanted on 20 Jun at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 3 rows 20 ft long with 3 ft between row spacing. An untreated guard row separated each plot from its neighbor. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a RCB. On 7 Jun, all of the plots except the check were treated with Mocap 6EC at 6 lb (AI)/acre broadcast and incorporated. This was to control the overwintering generations of the soil insects. The foliar sprays were applied on 22 and 30 Jul and 5 and 15 Aug, after click beetles (adult form of wireworms) were detected in the black light trap operated at Painter. Both the Mocap broadcast sprays and the foliar sprays were applied with a backpack sprayer using 6 flat fan nozzles/3 row plot and delivering 21 gal water/acre at 40 psi. On 29 Jul, (root swell), the Dyfonate and Diazinon granular treatments were broadcast over the appropriate plots using a hand-held shaker.
Evaluation of Selected Foliar Insecticides on Sweetpotato Weevil, Banded Cucumber Beetle, and White Grub on Sweetpotatoes, 1995
Authors: Story R. N. , Hammond A. , Murray M. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A test was conducted on the Burden Research Plantation, LSUAC, Baton Rouge, LA, to determine the efficacy of 9 insecticide treatments for the control of sweetpotato weevil, banded cucumber beetle, and white grub. Treatments were arranged in an RCB design with four replications. The cultivar ‘Beauregard’ was planted on 18 May. Plots were 3 rows wide (f ft./row) and 30 feet long. Insecticides were applied on an approximately weekly basis starting two months after transplanting (18, 23 Jul, 1,8, 14, 22 and 29 Aug). A CO2 pressurized back pack sprayer was used (30 psi) with a single row boom (20 inches wide) containing 3 nozzles (Cone Jet sx-10) and calibrated to deliver 25 gpa. Sweetpotatoes were harvested on 6 Sep and rated for damage. From each plot, 50 roots were randomly selected and the number of white grub feeding holes, the number of banded cucumber beetle holes, and the presence or absence of weevil damage was noted.
Management of Insects on Fresh Market Tomatoes, Spring 1996B
Authors: Schuster David J. , Polston Jane E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
On 1 Mar, transplants were set 18 inches apart on raised beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots were 3-21 ft long rows on 5 ft centers and were irrigated by a seepage subirrigation system. Insecticidal sprays were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a high clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 15, 22 Apr, 1,8, 16, 24, 31 May, 5 and 12 Jun. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and was fitted with Albuz orange nozzles. The number of nozzles per row was increased from 4 to 8 to increase gallonage as the plants grew. Thus, 60 gpa were applied the first two sprays (four nozzles), 90 gpa the next spray (six nozzles) and 120 gpa for the remaining five sprays (eight nozzles). The Admire treatment was applied in 4 oz water/plant on 4 Mar. Because of a very heavy population of southern armyworm larvae, weekly applications of Bacillus thuringiensis (Javeline and Xentari alternated biweekly) were initiated on 13 May. All control and yield data were collected on the middle 10 plants of the middle row of each plot. The terminal leaflet was collected from a leaf from the upper third of each of ten plants on 22 May and from two leaves from each of ten plants on 18 Jun. The numbers of crawlers, sessile nymphs and pupae (red eye nymphs) of the silverleaf whitefly (SLWF) were counted. The plants in the outside two rows of each plot were examined weekly for the presence of virus-like symptoms. There are two viruses present which have nearly indistinguishable symptoms: tomato mottle virus (ToMoV), a geminivirus vectored by the SLWF, and potato virus Y (PVY), a potyvirus vectored by several species of aphids. On 13 May and 18 Jun, a 3—4 leaf terminal was collected from each plant with virus symptoms from the outer two rows of the checks. The samples were frozen and a single leaflet was used later for determining the presence of ToMoV using nucleic acid spot hybridization and the presence of PVY using ELISA. All fruit of marketable size were harvested on 29 May and 14 Jun and the fruit were separated by the presence of southern armyworm, thrips (fruit with five or more oviposition dimples on blossom end) and stink bug damage and were counted and weighed.
Effect of Acaricides on Predatory Mites, 1996
Authors: Beers E. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a mature ‘Fuji’ orchard in Pateros, WA, with undertree spinner-type sprinklers. A pre-treatment count was used to randomize the treatments among trees with similar mite populations. Three single-tree replicates per treatment were used. The treated trees had buffer trees separating them in the rows, and buffer rows separated rows containing treated trees. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer to the point of drip on 28 Aug, 1996. Mites were sampled by collecting 20 leaves/replicate, and were kept cool until counting. Mites were removed from the leaves with a leaf-brushing machine, and counted on the sticky surface of the glass plate with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope.
Alfalfa Insect Control, 1996
Authors: Spomer Stephen M. , Higley Leon G. , Haile Fikru J. , Hoback W. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were evaluated on a 1 -yr-old stand during the second alfalfa growth period at the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development Center near Mead, NE. Plots were 20 X 30 ft with four replications of treatments in a RCB design. Treatments were applied 25 Jul with a Solo 425 backpack sprayer, which delivered approximately 1 liter/min. Each plot received about 3.25 liters of water along with the treatment. Alfalfa height at application was 30 cm. Rainfall was measured on 28 Jul (1.0 cm), 5 Aug (2.3 cm), and 7 Aug (1.0 cm). Plots were sampled 1, 7, and 14 DAT by collecting 20 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam sweep net (stratified by date). Samples were frozen for later evaluation.
Seedcorn Maggot Control, 1996
Authors: Oleson J. D. , McNutt J. J. , Tollefson J. J. , Wang X. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seed treatments and planting-time insecticides were tested in a loam soil near Ames, IA. The experimental design was a RCB with four replications. Treatments were applied to 20-ft length rows with 30-inch row spacing. To attract ovipositing flies, a meat-and-bone meal bait was applied to shallow, hand-made furrows. A twenty-foot section of 1 1/2 inch angle iron was filled with meat-and-bone meal and then leveled, leaving a small amount of bait (ca. 1/3 oz per row-ft) evenly distributed in the bottom of the angle iron. The angle iron was positioned directly above the open seed furrow and inverted. Bait was placed in furrows 24 Apr. Strong winds blew most of the bait from the furrows on 26 May. Furrows were rebaited on 1 May. Corn seeds were hand planted (8-inch seed spacing) directly into the bait on 5 May. Granular insecticide treatments were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a small-plot bicycle applicator. Regent 80WG liquid insecticide was applied directly into the open seed furrow with a small-plot bicycle applicator. A #15 disk orifice placed in-line delivered a steady stream of dilution at 1-0 gpa using 16 psi. Seeds were covered with soil and the soil firmed by hand. On 29 May, stand counts were taken from 14 ft 7 inches of row and the seeds/seedlings from two 1-m sections of row were inspected for seedcorn maggot feeding and rated on the following 1-4 damage scale: 1-seed/seedling undamaged; 2-seed/seedling damaged, but plant established; 3-seed/seedling damaged, plant showing some signs of stress; 4-seed/seedling damaged, no plant or questionable establishment. On 3 Jun, 1 adult emergence trap was placed over each row that had received a granular insecticide treatment. Seed-treatment rows were excluded from the adult emergence analysis. The galvanized steel trap, a rectangular bottomless box, had the following dimensions: length 1.0 m, width 0.2 m, and height 0.1 m. Fastened to the top of each trap were two 0.25-liter Mason jars with Tack Trap® applied to the inside bottom. On 14 Jun, the number of seed-corn maggot adults were counted in the collections jars.
Evaluation of Thrips Densities in At-Planting Seed and Soil Treatments on Sharkey Clay, 1996
Authors: Cook D. R. , Burris E. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were replicated four times in a RCB design and were four rows wide (40 inch spacing ) X45 ft. Stoneville 474 cotton seed of the same seed lot was planted on a Sharkey clay soil on 6 May. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft. Cotton seed was planted with a John Deere 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with 8 inch belt cone applicators mounted to replace the standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2 charged spray system through 25015 nozzles (1/row) mounted in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and calibrated to deliver 5 gpa finished spray. Control of thrips was assessed by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot on 20, 24, 28, and 31 May and 5 and 9 Jun. Plant samples were processed by using whole plant washing procedures to remove insects. Major pest and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. Percentage of open bolls was determined by counting all open and unopened bolls within a 3.0 m section of a center row on 17 Sep. Plots were harvested on 24 Sep and 8 Oct. These data were subjected to appropriate calculations to determine percent first harvest. All four rows were mechanically harvested using a John Deere spindle type picker. Yields were converted by lb seed cotton/acre.
Efficacy of Various Insecticides Against Tarnished Plant Bugs in Cotton (Lab Trial), 1996
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Howell Michael S. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of various insecticides for control of TPB in cotton. Adult TPB were captured from flowering plants in the early spring before insecticide applications were initiated. Cotton plants were treated in the field, and immediately the terminals were cut and placed into water picks and transported to the lab. In the lab, 5 TPB adults were caged on the terminals, and allowed to feed for 24 h. The number of live and dead TPB was recorded. 48 hours after the plants were treated, additional terminals were cut, put in water picks and brought to the lab. TPB were placed on these in the same manner to test for the residual effect of the insecticide. Each treatment considered of 5 terminals with 5 TBP on each terminal. This was replicated four times for each treatment. Chemical application was made with a CO2 powered back pack sprayer with 1 TX 4 hollow cone nozzle per row traveling 4 mph delivering 5 gpa.