bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural priming supports grammatical networks
Authors: Hudson Richard 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs Branigan & Pickering (B&P) argue, structural priming has important implications for the theory of language structure, but these implications go beyond those suggested. Priming implies a network structure, so the grammar must be a network and so must sentence structure. Instead of phrase structure, the most promising model for syntactic structure is enriched dependency structure, as in Word Grammar.
Structural priming is a useful but imperfect technique for studying all linguistic representations, including those of pragmatics
Authors: Rees Alice , Bott Lewis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStructural priming is a useful tool for investigating linguistics representations. We argue that structural priming can be extended to the investigation of pragmatic representations such as Gricean enrichments. That is not to say priming is without its limitations, however. Interpreting a failure to observe priming may not be as simple as Branigan & Pickering (B&P) imply.
The relationship between priming and linguistic representations is mediated by processing constraints
Authors: Slevc L. Robert , Ivanova Iva 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the nature of linguistic representations undoubtedly will benefit from multiple types of evidence, including structural priming. Here, we argue that successfully gaining linguistic insights from structural priming requires us to better understand (1) the precise mappings between linguistic input and comprehenders' syntactic knowledge; and (2) the role of cognitive faculties such as memory and attention in structural priming.
Ingredients of intelligence: From classic debates to an engineering roadmap
Authors: Lake Brenden M. , Ullman Tomer D. , Tenenbaum Joshua B. , Gershman Samuel J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe were encouraged by the broad enthusiasm for building machines that learn and think in more human-like ways. Many commentators saw our set of key ingredients as helpful, but there was disagreement regarding the origin and structure of those ingredients. Our response covers three main dimensions of this disagreement: nature versus nurture, coherent theories versus theory fragments, and symbolic versus sub-symbolic representations. These dimensions align with classic debates in artificial intelligence and cognitive science, although, rather than embracing these debates, we emphasize ways of moving beyond them. Several commentators saw our set of key ingredients as incomplete and offered a wide range of additions. We agree that these additional ingredients are important in the long run and discuss prospects for incorporating them. Finally, we consider some of the ethical questions raised regarding the research program as a whole.
Does EU support contribute to economically successful Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)? A panel data analysis of road PPP projects in Spain
Authors: Garrido Laura , Rangel Thais , Baeza María De Los Ángeles , Vassallo José M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe EU infrastructure policy has relied on Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) as a means to successfully deliver infrastructure of benefit for the EU. To reach its infrastructure policy objectives, the EU has implemented support mechanisms aimed at facilitating the delivery of PPPs. This article is aimed at evaluating to what extent these mechanisms have actually contributed to improving the economic performance of PPPs. To that end, we have selected the case of Spanish road PPPs for empirical analysis. The main result shows that EU support positively influences the economic performance of PPP projects. This is caused by the fact that the EU conditions its financial support on a project’s meeting a set of requirements that help assure the success of the project. From this result, we obtain a set of conclusions that may be generalised to other cases, and provide a contribution to the body of knowledge on PPPs.
USING THE INTEGRATE-HTA GUIDANCE: EXPERIENCE FROM CADTH
Authors: Bond Ken , Weeks Laura 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:The aim of this study was to describe an initial exploration by CADTH, Canada's pan-Canadian health technology assessment (HTA) agency, in using the INTEGRATE-HTA guidance in the production of an HTA that examined the use of both in-center and in-home dialysis modalities for the treatment of end-stage kidney disease in adults in Canada.Methods and Results:We outline CADTH's standard HTA production process and context and then describe the experience of the assessment team in using the INTEGRATE-HTA guidance, specifically to help structure and guide the use of a logic model, the identification of implementation issues, and the identification and examination of ethical issues. For each of the aspects, we describe and reflect on how the assessment team used the guidance, challenges that were encountered in its use, and whether and how we might address these challenges when using the INTEGRATE-HTA guidance in the future.Conclusions:INTEGRATE-HTA provided detailed and helpful guidance for truly integrating wide-ranging aspects of HTA. Our agency was challenged by a steep learning curve for assessment team members, tight project timelines, and a misalignment of current HTA processes with those required to implement the guidance. Nevertheless, using the guidance initiated a dialogue about what might be needed to assess complex interventions and the potential process changes that could facilitate conducting more integrated assessments.
Seasonality in abundance and detection bias of birds in a tropical dry forest in north-eastern South America
Authors: de Oliveira e Silva Clarisse Caroline , Pichorim Mauro , de Moura Pedro Teófilo Silva , França Leonardo Fernandes 
Published: November 2017

Abstract:Seasonal fluctuations in bird abundance are expected in semi-arid environments, but estimates may be biased if detectability is not considered. In a tropical dry forest in north-eastern Brazil, we evaluated whether bird abundance is highly seasonal, and associated with time-specific variability in detectability. We mark-recaptured birds with mist nets over three field visits (3487 records from 75 species), and used closed-capture models to estimate detectability and abundance in birds divided into three groups (all, residents, insectivores). In the two dry periods, the best models resulted in capture estimates at least three times larger than recapture, and both estimates were twice that of when rains occurred on the day preceding sampling. Abundance varied between dry and wet periods from 4.0 (from 115 ± 34 to 479 ± 144) to 13 times (183 ± 8 to 2463 ± 351). Estimates were 1.5–3.2 times greater in the dry period when behavioural responses of birds were excluded from capture-recapture models. Meanwhile, in the wet period the relative abundance was between 33–76% smaller than best-fit models estimated. This study found variation in avian abundance greater than that observed in other Neotropical dry forests, and indicates that biases may be common when not including detectability.
Gastric lymphoma: association withHelicobacter pyloriouter membrane protein Q (HopQ) and cytotoxic-pathogenicity activity island (CPAI) genes
Authors: YAKOOB J. , ABBAS Z. , AHMAD Z. , TARIQ K. , AWAN S. , MUSTAFA K. , KHAN R. 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYB-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-cell NHL) is the second commonest malignancy in the stomach. We determined the distribution ofHelicobacter pyloriouter membrane protein Q (HopQ) allelic type, cytotoxin-associated gene (cag)-pathogenicity activity island (cag-PAI) and vacuolation activating cytotoxin A (vacA) genes, respectively, in patients with B-cell NHL. We also compared them with their distribution in non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD).H. pyloriwas cultured from gastric biopsy tissue obtained at endoscopy. Polymerase chain reaction was performed. Of 170 patients enrolled, 114 (63%) had NUD and 56 (37%) had B-cell NHL. HopQ type 1 was positive in 66 (58%) in NUD compared with 46 (82%) (P= 0·002) in B-cell NHL; HopQ type 2 was positive in 93 (82%) with NUD compared with 56 (100%) (P< 0·001) in B-cell NHL. Multiple HopQ types were present in 46 (40%) in NUD compared with 46 (82%) (P< 0·001) in B-cell NHL. CagA was positive in 48 (42%) in NUDvs. 50 (89%) (P< 0·001) in B-cell NHL; cagT was positive in 35 (31%) in NUDvs. 45 (80%) (P< 0·001) in B-cell NHL; left end of thecagAgene (LEC)1 was positive in 23 (20%) in NUDvs. 43 (77%) (P< 0·001) in B-cell NHL. VacAs1am1 positive in B-cell NHL in 48 (86%) (P< 0·001)vs. 50 (44%) in NUD, while s1am2 was positive in 20 (17%) in NUDvs. 46 (82%) (P< 0·001) in B-cell NHL.H. pyloristrains with multiple HopQ allelic types, truncated cag-PAI evidenced by expression of cagA, cagT and cag LEC with virulent vacAs1 alleles are associated with B-cell NHL development.
Bidirectional associations between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms from adolescence through early adulthood
Authors: Sharpe Helen , Patalay Praveetha , Choo Tse-Hwei , Wall Melanie , Mason Susan M. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBody dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms are commonly experienced during adolescence and increase the risk of adverse health outcomes, especially eating disorders. However, the dominant temporal associations between these two experiences (i.e., whether one is a risk factor for the other or the two are mutually reinforcing) has yet to be fully explored. We examined the associations between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms assessed at baseline and 5- and 10-year follow-up in younger (M age = 12.9 years at baseline, 56% female, n = 577) and older (M age = 15.9 years at baseline, 57% female, n = 1,325) adolescent cohorts assessed as part of Project Eating Among Teens and Young Adults. Associations between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms were examined using cross-lagged models. For females, the dominant directionality was for body dissatisfaction predicting later depressive symptoms. For males, the picture was more complex, with developmentally sensitive associations in which depressive symptoms predicted later body dissatisfaction in early adolescence and early adulthood, but the reverse association was dominant during middle adolescence. These findings suggest that interventions should be tailored to dynamic risk profiles that shift over adolescence and early adulthood, and that targeting body dissatisfaction at key periods during development may have downstream impacts on depressive symptoms.
Child language and parenting antecedents and externalizing outcomes of emotion regulation pathways across early childhood: A person-centered approach
Authors: Bendezú Jason José , Cole Pamela M. , Tan Patricia Z. , Armstrong Laura Marie , Reitz Elizabeth B. , Wolf Rachel M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDecreases in children's anger reactivity because of the onset of their autonomous use of strategies characterizes the prevailing model of the development of emotion regulation in early childhood (Kopp, 1989). There is, however, limited evidence of the varied pathways that mark this development and their proposed antecedents and consequences. This study used a person-centered approach to identify such pathways, antecedents, and outcomes. A sample of 120 children from economically strained rural and semirural households were observed while waiting to open a gift at ages 24, 36, and 48 months. Multitrajectory modeling of children's anger expressions and strategy use yielded three subgroups. As they aged, typically developing children's strategy use (calm bids and focused distraction) increased while anger expressions decreased. Later developing children, though initially elevated in anger expression and low in strategy use, demonstrated marked growth across indicators and did not differ from typically developing children at 48 months. At-risk children, despite developing calm bidding skills, did not display longitudinal self-distraction increases or anger expression declines. Some predicted antecedents (12–24 month child language skills and language-capitalizing parenting practices) and outcomes (age 5 years externalizing behavior) differentiated pathways. Findings illustrate how indicator-specific departures from typical pathways signal risk for behavior problems and point to pathway-specific intervention opportunities.
Health claims and product endorsements on child-oriented beverages in Guatemala
Authors: Perry Andrew , Chacon Violeta , Barnoya Joaquin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to describe front-of-package marketing strategies and nutritional quality of child-oriented beverages in Guatemala.DesignWe purchased all child-oriented ready-to-drink fruit drinks, milks and carbonated beverages in three convenience stores and one supermarket in Guatemala City. Front-of-package marketing was defined as the presence of spokes-characters, cartoons, celebrities, or health-related images, words, claims or endorsements on beverage packaging. We used the UK Nutrition Profiling Model (NPM) to classify beverages as healthy or less healthy.SettingGuatemala City, Guatemala.ResultsWe purchased eighty-nine beverages; most were fruit drinks (n52, 58 %), milk (15, 17 %), carbonated beverages (5, 17 %), rice/soya products (5, 6·0 %), water (1, 1 %) and energy drinks (1, 1 %). Two-thirds (57, 64 %) had health claims. Of those with a nutrition facts label (85, 96 %), nearly all (76, 89 %) were classified as less healthy. No association between the presence of health claims and NPM score (P=0·26) was found. Eight beverages had health-related endorsements. However, only one beverage was classified as healthy.ConclusionsIn this sample of beverages in Guatemala City, health claims and health-related endorsements are used to promote beverages with poor nutritional quality. Our data support evidence-based policies to regulate the use of front-of-package health claims and endorsements based on nutritional quality.
Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM)-in-SEM for Bio- and Organo-Mineral Interface Characterization in the Environment
Authors: Wille Guillaume , Hellal Jennifer , Ollivier Patrick , Richard Annie , Burel Agnes , Jolly Louis , Crampon Marc , Michel Caroline 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnderstanding biofilm interactions with surrounding substratum and pollutants/particles can benefit from the application of existing microscopy tools. Using the example of biofilm interactions with zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI), this study aims to apply various approaches in biofilm preparation and labeling for fluorescent or electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) microanalysis for accurate observations. According to the targeted microscopy method, biofilms were sampled as flocs or attached biofilm, submitted to labeling using 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindol, lectins PNA and ConA coupled to fluorescent dye or gold nanoparticles, and prepared for observation (fixation, cross-section, freezing, ultramicrotomy). Fluorescent microscopy revealed that nZVI were embedded in the biofilm structure as aggregates but the resolution was insufficient to observe individual nZVI. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations showed nZVI aggregates close to bacteria, but it was not possible to confirm direct interactions between nZVI and cell membranes. Scanning transmission electron microscopy in the SEM (STEM-in-SEM) showed that nZVI aggregates could enter the biofilm to a depth of 7–11µm. Bacteria were surrounded by a ring of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) preventing direct nZVI/membrane interactions. STEM/EDS mapping revealed a co-localization of nZVI aggregates with lectins suggesting a potential role of EPS in nZVI embedding. Thus, the combination of divergent microscopy approaches is a good approach to better understand and characterize biofilm/metal interactions.
From Quaker Oats to Virgin Brides: Brand capital as a complex adaptive system
Authors: HARPER DAVID A. , ENDRES ANTHONY M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe examine brand building from the perspective of complex adaptive systems. Brand building is a neglected engine of capital formation, innovation and institutional change in market economies. The nature of brands and the service streams they generate have been construed too narrowly. Brands are capital: entrepreneurs use brands as market-making devices that create value and capture profit, while consumers use brands to derive psychic income and lifestyle benefits. Brands are building blocks that can be combined in production to fill perceived gaps in brand architectures and capital structures. These structures are themselves complex adaptive systems. In an era of digital technological platforms, complex generative networks are the institutional locus of brand creation and brand extensions. Innovation in brand building is a socially distributed, service-intensive and interpretive process; it entails combinatorial experiments in resource integration by heterogeneous and socially connected actors, such as entrepreneur-producers, end-users and distributors. Legal brand owners never have total control over their brands – customer networks often exercise substantial de facto control rights (economic property rights) over the use and transformation of brands. Both the entire branding system (as a form of organization) and individual iconic brands can crystallize into relatively stable institutions that orient and coordinate market behaviour.
Food insecurity among people with severe mental disorder in a rural Ethiopian setting: a comparative, population-based study
Authors: Tirfessa K. , Lund C. , Medhin G. , Hailemichael Y. , Fekadu A. , Hanlon C. 
Published: November 2017

Aim.In low-income African countries, ensuring food security for all segments of the population is a high priority. Mental illness is associated consistently with poverty, but there is little evidence regarding the association with food insecurity. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of food insecurity in people with severe mental disorders (SMD) with the general population in a rural African setting with a high burden of food insecurity.Method.Households of 292 community-ascertained people with a specialist-confirmed diagnosis of SMD (including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) were compared with 284 households without a person with SMD in a rural district in south Ethiopia. At the time of the study, no mental health services were available within the district. Food insecurity was measured using a validated version of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Disability was measured using the World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0.Result.Severe household food insecurity was reported by 32.5% of people with SMD and 15.9% of respondents from comparison households: adjusted odds ratio 2.82 (95% confidence interval 1.62 to 4.91). Higher annual income was associated independently with lower odds of severe food insecurity. When total disability scores were added into the model, the association between SMD and food insecurity became non-significant, indicating a possible mediating role of disability.Conclusion.Efforts to alleviate food insecurity need to target people with SMD as a vulnerable group. Addressing the disabling effects of SMD would also be expected to reduce food insecurity. Access to mental health care integrated into primary care is being expanded in this district as part of the Programme for Improving Mental health carE (PRIME). The impact of treatment on disability and food insecurity will be evaluated.
Low pH-induced conformational change and dimerization of sortilin triggers endocytosed ligand release
Authors: Leloup Nadia , Lössl Philip , Meijer Dimphna H. , Brennich Martha , Heck Albert J. R. , Thies-Weesie Dominique M. E. , Janssen Bert J. C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLow pH-induced ligand release and receptor recycling are important steps for endocytosis. The transmembrane protein sortilin, a β-propeller containing endocytosis receptor, internalizes a diverse set of ligands with roles in cell differentiation and homeostasis. The molecular mechanisms of pH-mediated ligand release and sortilin recycling are unresolved. Here we present crystal structures that show the sortilin luminal segment (s-sortilin) undergoes a conformational change and dimerizes at low pH. The conformational change, within all three sortilin luminal domains, provides an altered surface and the dimers sterically shield a large interface while bringing the two s-sortilin C-termini into close proximity. Biophysical and cell-based assays show that members of two different ligand families, (pro)neurotrophins and neurotensin, preferentially bind the sortilin monomer. This indicates that sortilin dimerization and conformational change discharges ligands and triggers recycling. More generally, this work may reveal a double mechanism for low pH-induced ligand release by endocytosis receptors.
Cross continental increase in methane ebullition under climate change
Authors: Aben Ralf C. H. , Barros Nathan , van Donk Ellen , Frenken Thijs , Hilt Sabine , Kazanjian Garabet , Lamers Leon P. M. , Peeters Edwin T. H. M. , Roelofs Jan G. M. , de Senerpont Domis Lisette N. , Stephan Susanne , Velthuis Mandy , Van de Waal Dedmer B. , Wik Martin , Thornton Brett F. , Wilkinson Jeremy , DelSontro Tonya , Kosten Sarian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMethane (CH4) strongly contributes to observed global warming. As natural CH4 emissions mainly originate from wet ecosystems, it is important to unravel how climate change may affect these emissions. This is especially true for ebullition (bubble flux from sediments), a pathway that has long been underestimated but generally dominates emissions. Here we show a remarkably strong relationship between CH4 ebullition and temperature across a wide range of freshwater ecosystems on different continents using multi-seasonal CH4 ebullition data from the literature. As these temperature–ebullition relationships may have been affected by seasonal variation in organic matter availability, we also conducted a controlled year-round mesocosm experiment. Here 4 °C warming led to 51% higher total annual CH4 ebullition, while diffusion was not affected. Our combined findings suggest that global warming will strongly enhance freshwater CH4 emissions through a disproportional increase in ebullition (6–20% per 1 °C increase), contributing to global warming.
Loss-of-activity-mutation in the cardiac chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE3 causes short QT syndrome
Authors: Thorsen Kasper , Dam Vibeke S. , Kjaer-Sorensen Kasper , Pedersen Lisbeth N. , Skeberdis V. Arvydas , Jurevičius Jonas , Treinys Rimantas , Petersen Ida M. B. S. , Nielsen Morten S. , Oxvig Claus , Morth J. Preben , Matchkov Vladimir V. , Aalkjær Christian , Bundgaard Henning , Jensen Henrik K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPatients with short QT syndrome (SQTS) may present with syncope, ventricular fibrillation or sudden cardiac death. Six SQTS susceptibility genes, encoding cation channels, explain <25% of SQTS cases. Here we identify a missense mutation in the anion exchanger (AE3)-encoding SLC4A3 gene in two unrelated families with SQTS. The mutation causes reduced surface expression of AE3 and reduced membrane bicarbonate transport. Slc4a3 knockdown in zebrafish causes increased cardiac pHi, short QTc, and reduced systolic duration, which is rescued by wildtype but not mutated SLC4A3. Mechanistic analyses suggest that an increase in pHi and decrease in [Cl−]i shortened the action potential duration. However, other mechanisms may also play a role. Altered anion transport represents a mechanism for development of arrhythmia and may provide new therapeutic possibilities.