bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translating human rights principles into classroom practices: inequities in educating about human rights
Authors: Robinson Carol 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe overarching aim of this paper is to explore how key principles inherent in human rights declarations and conventions are translated into practices associated with human rights education within school contexts. It is argued that this translation from discourse to practice opens up the potential for children and young people to encounter inequitable experiences of human rights education, and that this is an ethical issue that needs addressing. Within the paper, human rights education relates to both direct teaching about human rights, and to children and young peoples’ experiences of how school practitioners acknowledge and uphold their rights. In both national and international contexts, knowledge and understanding about school‐based human rights education is lacking; this paper aims to address this issue by developing a theoretical framework through which to view human rights education practices within school settings.
Understanding and Predicting Size Selection in Diamond-Mesh Cod Ends for Danish Seining: A Study Based on Sea Trials and Computer Simulations
Authors: Herrmann Bent , Krag Ludvig A. , Feekings Jordan , Noack Thomas 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Danish seining is an important fishing method used to harvest demersal species. Knowledge about the size selectivity of different demersal species with this type of fishing gear is therefore of importance for managing the exploitation of marine resources. However, there are only limited data on size selection in cod ends in this fishery. Sea trials were therefore carried out to collect size selectivity data for Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua, Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, and Witch Flounder Glyptocephalus cynoglossus for a diamond-mesh cod end. For all three species, the data were best described by a double logistic selection curve, implying that two different size selection processes occur in the cod end. The double selection process could be explained by an additional selection process occurring through slack meshes. The results imply that the escapement of 46% and 34% of the larger Atlantic Cod and Haddock (those above 48 cm), respectively, would be through wide-open or slack meshes. Since these mesh states are only likely to be present in the latest stage of the fishing process (e.g., when the cod end is near the surface), a large fraction of the bigger fish probably escaped near the surface, which might influence their likelihood of survival. Furthermore, based on the models established for explaining the experimental size selection, we were able to predict the effect of changing the mesh size on cod end size selection in the Danish seine fishery.
Received December 9, 2015; accepted February 18, 2016
Generalized Gibbs ensemble in integrable lattice models
Authors: Vidmar Lev , Rigol Marcos 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE) was introduced ten years ago to describe observables in isolated integrable quantum systems after equilibration. Since then, the GGE has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool to predict the outcome of the relaxation dynamics of few-body observables in a variety of integrable models, a process we call generalized thermalization. This review discusses several fundamental aspects of the GGE and generalized thermalization in integrable systems. In particular, we focus on questions such as: which observables equilibrate to the GGE predictions and who should play the role of the bath; what conserved quantities can be used to construct the GGE; what are the differences between generalized thermalization in noninteracting systems and in interacting systems mappable to noninteracting ones; why is it that the GGE works when traditional ensembles of statistical mechanics fail. Despite a lot of interest in these questions in recent years, no definite answers have been given. We review results for the XX model and for the transverse field Ising model. For the latter model, we also report original results and show that the GGE describes spin–spin correlations over the entire system. This makes apparent that there is no need to trace out a part of the system in real space for equilibration to occur and for the GGE to apply. In the past, a spectral decomposition of the weights of various statistical ensembles revealed that generalized eigenstate thermalization occurs in the XX model (hard-core bosons). Namely, eigenstates of the Hamiltonian with similar distributions of conserved quantities have similar expectation values of few-spin observables. Here we show that generalized eigenstate thermalization also occurs in the transverse field Ising model.
Accurate in silico prediction of species-specific methylation sites based on information gain feature optimization
Authors: Wen Ping-Ping , Shi Shao-Ping , Xu Hao-Dong , Wang Li-Na , Qiu Jian-Ding 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
As one of the most important reversible types of post-translational modification, protein methylation catalyzed by methyltransferases carries many pivotal biological functions as well as many essential biological processes. Identification of methylation sites is prerequisite for decoding methylation regulatory networks in living cells and understanding their physiological roles. Experimental methods are limitations of labor-intensive and time-consuming. While in silicon approaches are cost-effective and high-throughput manner to predict potential methylation sites, but those previous predictors only have a mixed model and their prediction performances are not fully satisfactory now. Recently, with increasing availability of quantitative methylation datasets in diverse species (especially in eukaryotes), there is a growing need to develop a species-specific predictor. Here, we designed a tool named PSSMe based on information gain (IG) feature optimization method for species-specific methylation site prediction. The IG method was adopted to analyze the importance and contribution of each feature, then select the valuable dimension feature vectors to reconstitute a new orderly feature, which was applied to build the finally prediction model. Finally, our method improves prediction performance of accuracy about 15% comparing with single features. Furthermore, our species-specific model significantly improves the predictive performance compare with other general methylation prediction tools. Hence, our prediction results serve as useful resources to elucidate the mechanism of arginine or lysine methylation and facilitate hypothesis-driven experimental design and validation.
Availability and Implementation: The tool online service is implemented by C# language and freely available at http://bioinfo.ncu.edu.cn/PSSMe.aspx.
Contact: jdqiu@ncu.edu.cn
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Osklen: the aesthetics of social change
Authors: Poldner Kim , Ivanova Olga , Branzei Oana 
Published: June 2016

Subject area
Sustainable fashion.

Study level/applicability
Bachelor Degree/Master Degree, Master of Business Administration (MBA), PhD.

Case overview
The case focuses on Osklen, one of the world’s first eco-fashion brands, founded in 1989 by Oskar Metsavaht. For the past 26 years, Osklen had become Brazil’s foremost sustainable luxury venture, and since 2012, under first minority and then majority corporate ownership, pursued an aggressive global expansion strategy. The dilemma of the case juxtaposes Osklen’s creative aesthetics, which leverage unique Brazilian beauty in nature and heritage, with the financial pressures of global expansion. The tension is exacerbated by the 2015 corruption scandal, which decelerated the Brazilian economy and reduced consumer spending on sustainable luxuries in Osklen’s home market; it also risked compromising the appeal of Brazilian brands elsewhere. The case explores the complex interconnections between local and global aspects of sustainability and brings forward the environmental, social and cultural aspects of brands and business to the foreground. The case also illustrates how economic crises impact brands from the initial creative inspiration to the prospects of global expansion.

Expected learning outcomes
Students will master tools for strategic analysis (VRIN framework and scenario planning) to a company evolving in an emerging economy. They will learn about the ways to consider and communicate sustainability. Students will be exposed to the importance of aesthetics and multi-sensoriality in business activities.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy
Performance-based pay: alternative interpretations of the Portsmouth Block Mills’ savings
Authors: Wilson James M. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse a historic performance-based pay system used in 1803-1810 to reward Marc Isambard Brunel for his innovative engineering designs used in the Portsmouth Block Mills. This was used to ensure that Brunel would continue his work on the project once the design was complete to resolve any problems and make any desirable improvements to the machines and the system as a whole.

Design/methodology/approach
This research analyses archived correspondence between the project’s initiators: the Navy Board and Samuel Bentham along with the Admiralty as well as Marc Brunel. Basic financial analyses are applied to the historic cost and investment data.

Findings
The scheme was well designed and successfully kept Brunel involved in the implementation and operational phases of the project. However, there were numerous problems that delayed the project’s completion, thereby creating additional work for Brunel and also delaying and reducing his payments. Brunel was alienated by these developments.

Research limitations/implications
This research has exploited the archived data as fully as possible, and although there are no known deficiencies in the records, it would be desirable to have more complete and detailed information on the investment in, and operations of, the factory.

Practical implications
Reward systems should be designed and implemented so that events outside management’s and worker’s control should not disadvantage either group.

Originality/value
Detailed information about the operations and financial performance of an early factory are analysed in depth. These reveal how management and an innovative engineer interacted regularly over several years with numerous insights on their day-to-day relations.
Identifying critical links in urban traffic networks: a partial network scan algorithm
Authors: Yang Xinfeng , Liu Lanfen , Li Yinzhen , He Ruichun 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– Critical links in traffic networks are those who should be better protected because their removal has a significant impact on the whole network. So, the purpose of this paper is to identify the critical links of traffic networks.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper proposes the definition of the critical link for an urban traffic network and establishes mathematical model for determining critical link considering the travellers’ heterogeneous risk-taking behavior. Moreover, in order to improve the computational efficiency, the impact area of a link is quantified, a partial network scan algorithm for identifying the critical link based on the impact area is put forward and the efficient paths-based assignment algorithm is adopted.

Findings
– The proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the search space for determining the most critical links in traffic network. Numerical results also demonstrate that the structure of efficient paths has significant impact on identifying the critical links.

Originality/value
– This paper identifies the critical links by using a bi-level programming approach and proposes a partial network scan algorithm for identifying critical links accounting for travellers’ heterogeneous risk-taking behavior.
Extended and experimenting: library learning commons service strategy and sustainability
Authors: King Jennifer Gunter 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to share a compelling example of a library’s willingness to develop and design itself as an open-ended process.

Design/methodology/approach
– The case study provides a historical review of the library’s founding design, and an overview of the process and approach to redesign. The study contextualizes the library within current academic library research and literature.

Findings
– This paper explores the research, engagement and planning process behind the library’s exploration of new models and service configurations. The project was an engaged, inclusive, transparent, library-led process. The commons reestablishes the library as the “nerve center” of the campus.

Originality/value
– The paper offers an update to a 1969 report, and later book by Robert Taylor on the Harold F. Johnson Library at Hampshire College, designed as a prototype of an academic library. This paper will be of value to academic librarians, administrators, and historians.
Bank concentration, institutional quality, and economic growth
Authors: Abuzayed Bana , Al-Fayoumi Nedal 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This study aims to examine the influence of institutional quality on the relationship between economic growth and banking sector concentration.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample of our study covers 15 Middle East and North African (MENA) countries over the period 1996-2010. The results are estimated based on static and dynamic panel data analysis.

Findings
The results reveal a positive and significant relationship between economic growth and each banking concentration and institutional quality. The results support the argument that banking concentration and institutional quality are matters for growth in MENA countries. The results also indicate that the interaction variable between concentration and institutional quality is negative and significant.

Research limitations/implications
Building on Petersen and Rajans’ (1995) argument, this study suggests that in the absence of an appropriate level of institutional quality, banks in MENA region can depend on their market power to protect their benefits. This can be achieved by building long-term relationships with their borrowers to provide continuing credit and subsequently enhancing economic growth.

Practical implications
Under the low level of institutional quality in MENA countries, regulators and decision-makers should thoroughly think before imposing any policy that aims to restrict banking market power because such action could harm the economy.

Social implications
In developing countries, banking concentration may have a positive impact on the economy. This outcome may lead to an improvement in the standard of living for the society.

Originality/value
This is the first known study, to the best of our knowledge, that examines the role of institutional quality in shaping the relationship between economic growth and banking concentration in MENA countries. The authors opted to select MENA countries’ data because they generally reflect an institutional setting similar to many developing countries. Therefore, the results could be applicable in many developing economies and will encourage other researchers to investigate this proposition.
New product and emerging business growth in Kwara State
Authors: Oladele Seun , Oladele Femi 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of new product on growth of emerging businesses (EBs) through sales volume and market share.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study surveyed 137 EBs in Kwara State. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested using correlation and regression analyses.

Findings
– Results show that service industry is dominant among EBs while the manufacturing industry trails. Many EBs are aware of the complexities of new product, its development and contribution to increasing sales volume, market share and ensuring competitive advantage with apparent infrastructural deficiencies. Test results show that there is a significant positive relationship and effect on sales volume and market share.

Originality/value
– Encouraging EBs to step up and focus on improving product/service portfolio to transform their fortune is explored giving focus to the benefits of increasing sales volume and market share.
Duration to Admission and Hospital Transfers Affect Facility Rankings from the Postacute 30‐Day Rehospitalization Quality Measure
Authors: Graham James E. , Prvu Bettger Janet , Fisher Steve R. , Karmarkar Amol M. , Kumar Amit , Ottenbacher Kenneth J. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo examine changes in facility‐level risk‐standardized rehospitalization rankings for postacute inpatient rehabilitation facilities after modifying two model parameters.Data SourcesWe used national Medicare enrollment, claims, and assessment data to study 522,260 patients discharged from inpatient rehabilitation in fiscal years 2010–2011.Study DesignWe calculated risk‐standardized 30‐day unplanned rehospitalization rates for 1,135 inpatient rehabilitation facilities using four approaches. The first model replicated the current postacute risk‐standardization methodology and included patients discharged from acute hospitals up to 30 days prior to postacute admission and excluded patients transferred directly back to acute hospitals following rehabilitation. Our alternative models excluded patients with delayed admissions (>1 day between acute discharge and postacute admission) and counted direct transfers back to acute as rehospitalizations.Principal FindingsExcluding patients with delayed admissions and counting direct transfers back to acute care as rehospitalizations substantially impacted rankings of more than half the postacute providers: 29 percent had better and 27 percent had worse quintile rankings.ConclusionsChanging the timeframes for duration to admission and rehospitalization will have profound effects on postacute provider quality performance ratings. Reporting rehospitalization rates is an important issue with the explicit goal of improving the quality of postacute care. Research is needed to understand and minimize potential unintended consequences of this quality metric.
Expansion of the MANAGE Database with Forest and Drainage Studies
Authors: Harmel Daren R. , Christianson Laura E. , McBroom Matthew W. , Smith Douglas R. , Higgs Kori D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe “Measured Annual Nutrient loads from AGricultural Environments” (MANAGE) database was published in 2006 to expand an early 1980s compilation of nutrient export (load) data from cultivated and pasture/range land at the field or farm scale. Then in 2008, MANAGE was updated with 15 additional studies, and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in runoff were added. Since then, MANAGE has undergone significant expansion adding N and P water quality along with relevant management and site characteristic data from: (1) 30 runoff studies from forested land uses, (2) 91 drainage water quality studies from drained land, and (3) 12 additional runoff studies from cultivated and pasture/range land uses. In this expansion, an application timing category was added to the existing fertilizer data categories (rate, placement, formulation) to facilitate analysis of 4R Nutrient Stewardship, which emphasizes right fertilizer source, rate, time, and place. In addition, crop yield and N and P uptake data were added, although this information was only available for 21 and 7% of studies, respectively. Inclusion of these additional data from cultivated, pasture/range, and forest land uses as well as artificially drained agricultural land should facilitate expanded spatial analyses and improved understanding of regional differences, management practice effectiveness, and impacts of land use conversions and management techniques. The current version is available at www.ars.usda.gov/spa/manage-nutrient.
iNEXT: an R package for rarefaction and extrapolation of species diversity (Hill numbers)
Authors: Hsieh T. C. , Ma K. H. , Chao Anne 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Hill numbers (or the effective number of species) have been increasingly used to quantify the species/taxonomic diversity of an assemblage. The sample‐size‐ and coverage‐based integrations of rarefaction (interpolation) and extrapolation (prediction) of Hill numbers represent a unified standardization method for quantifying and comparing species diversity across multiple assemblages.

We briefly review the conceptual background of Hill numbers along with two approaches to standardization. We present an R package iNEXT (iNterpolation/EXTrapolation) which provides simple functions to compute and plot the seamless rarefaction and extrapolation sampling curves for the three most widely used members of the Hill number family (species richness, Shannon diversity and Simpson diversity). Two types of biodiversity data are allowed: individual‐based abundance data and sampling‐unit‐based incidence data.

Several applications of the iNEXT packages are reviewed: (i) Non‐asymptotic analysis: comparison of diversity estimates for equally large or equally complete samples. (ii) Asymptotic analysis: comparison of estimated asymptotic or true diversities. (iii) Assessment of sample completeness (sample coverage) across multiple samples. (iv) Comparison of estimated point diversities for a specified sample size or a specified level of sample coverage.

Two examples are demonstrated, using the data (one for abundance data and the other for incidence data) included in the package, to illustrate all R functions and graphical displays.
Transumbilical laparoscopic appendectomy performed by residents is safe and feasible
Authors: Endo Kazuhiro , Kujirai Dai , Maeda Hinako , Ishida Takashi , Terauchi Toshiaki , Kimata Masaru , Shinozaki Hiroharu , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Sata Naohiro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of single‐incision transumbilical laparoscopy‐assisted appendectomy performed by surgical residents and attending surgeons.MethodsWe reviewed the clinical outcomes of 131 transumbilical laparoscopy‐assisted appendectomies performed from January 2011 to June 2014. During the study period, 13 residents and 6 board‐certified attending surgeons performed the procedures. For all operations performed by residents and attending surgeons, we reviewed and compared gender, age, BMI, body temperature, white blood cell count, C‐reactive protein serum level, and the presence of a fecalith or abscess. Clinical outcomes including operative time, estimated blood loss, need for additional ports, conversion to open surgery, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, and postoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe mean preoperative white blood cell count in the resident‐operated group was significantly higher than in the attending‐operated group (14.0 vs 10.8 ×103/mm3, P = 0.007). There were no other significant differences in clinical variables between the two groups. Outcomes show that estimated blood loss was significantly higher (23.4 vs 9.8 mL, P = 0.031) and operative time tended to be longer (86.0 vs 72.0 min, P = 0.056) in the resident‐operated group. No other significant differences were observed.ConclusionTransumbilical laparoscopy‐assisted appendectomy performed by residents is feasible and safe. It is an acceptable as a part of routine surgical training.