bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Riverine wood‐pasture responds to grazing decline
Authors: Krašić Dušanka , Groner Elli , Mészáros Minucsér , Nikolić Tijana , Radišić Dimitrije , Milić Stanko , Kebert Marko , Milić Dubravka , Vujić Ante , Galić Zoran 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThere is insufficient available information on structural changes within wood‐pastures including their relationship to abiotic influences such as livestock grazing, flooding and available soil nutrients. In this paper, we address the links between important environmental variables and different stages of the wood‐pasture cycle, with the aim of understanding fluctuations in this relationship and processes that follow changes in wood‐pasture condition. We used satellite and aerial image interpretation to identify structural vegetation shifts over 44 years under significantly declining livestock numbers. We used ground truthing of 24 plots to assess the current field scenario and employed canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to evaluate the relationship between plant communities and environmental influences. Three dominant structural vegetation types grassland, transitional vegetation with thorny shrubs and woody encroachment were surveyed and the following set of variables was chosen: grazing intensity, inundation frequency, elevation, soil total nitrogen, soil available phosphorus, soil potassium, soil magnesium, soil calcium, soil pH and soil carbon to nitrogen ratio. Interpretation of satellite images revealed dominance of wood‐pasture in the past, which alternated structurally between more open and more closed physiognomies. CCA with ground truthing data and forward selection revealed grazing intensity as the predominant ecological driver modifying vegetation structure, as well as transitioning vegetation patterns between open herbaceous and closed woody cover. Each structural vegetation type demonstrated a collective distribution pattern and a close relationship to certain abiotic drivers, indicating strong interactions between soil parameters, grazing pressure and vegetation composition.
Complications of Midface Fractures
Authors: Lozada Kirkland , Kadakia Sameep , Ducic Yadranko , Abraham Manoj 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe midface relies on key vertical and horizontal buttresses for proper function and appearance. Trauma to the midface can lead to untoward complications involving critical structures of this area. Many reviews focus on operative management of midface fractures with little focus on complications of the injury and operative repair. We review the current literature on the most common initial and postoperative complications of midface trauma with a specific focus on zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) and Le Fort fracture patterns. A thorough literature review was conducted using PubMed analyzing articles relevant to the subject matter. Various search terms were used to identify articles regarding midface fracture presentation, diagnosis, and management, as well as postoperative complications. Articles were examined by all authors and pertinent information was gleaned for the purpose of generating this review. Disruption of the midfacial buttress system can lead to a significant compromise in form and function. A wide variety of complications are seen in nasal bone fractures, orbital floor fractures, Le Fort, and ZMC fractures. Some fracture patterns can be managed conservatively without operative intervention; however, complications such as loss of facial width/projection, trismus, malocclusion, ocular entrapment, and significant enophthalmos should be managed with open repair. Timing and method of repair depend on patient-specific injury patterns and surgeon preference. Proper management depends on a detailed understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology of each fracture pattern along with restoration of the patient's premorbid state. Complications of midface fractures result from disruption of the vertical and horizontal buttress support systems. Proper management and repair of midface complications requires a strong understanding of its anatomic basis and pathophysiology. Sequelae from these fractures can be serious and long lasting if not addresses appropriately. Astute diagnosis and timely management can prevent patients from suffering debilitating long-term sequelae.
Metabolic versatility of a novel N2‐fixing Alphaproteobacterium isolated from a marine oxygen minimum zone
Authors: Martínez‐Pérez Clara , Mohr Wiebke , Schwedt Anne , Dürschlag Julia , Callbeck Cameron M. , Schunck Harald , Dekaezemacker Julien , Buckner Caroline R. T. , Lavik Gaute , Fuchs Bernhard M. , Kuypers Marcel M. M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe N2‐fixing (diazotrophic) community in marine ecosystems is dominated by non‐cyanobacterial microorganisms. Yet, very little is known about their identity, function and ecological relevance due to a lack of cultured representatives. Here we report a novel heterotrophic diazotroph isolated from the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) off Peru. The new species belongs to the genus Sagittula (Rhodobacteraceae, Alphaproteobacteria) and its capability to fix N2 was confirmed in laboratory experiments. Genome sequencing revealed that it is a strict heterotroph with a high versatility in substrate utilization and energy acquisition mechanisms. Pathways for sulfide oxidation and nitrite reduction to nitrous oxide are encoded in the genome and might explain the presence throughout the Peruvian OMZ. The genome further indicates that this novel organism could be in direct interaction with other microbes or particles. NanoSIMS analyses were used to compare the metabolic potential of S. castanea with single‐cell activity in situ; however, N2 fixation by this diazotroph could not be detected at the isolation site. While the biogeochemical impact of S. castanea is yet to be resolved, its abundance and widespread distribution suggests that its potential to contribute to the marine N input could be significant at a larger geographical scale.
Perioperative albumin ratio is associated with post‐operative pancreatic fistula
Authors: Gruppo Mario , Angriman Imerio , Martella Bruno , Spolverato Ylenia C. , Zingales Francesca , Bardini Romeo 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundDespite improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative management, post‐operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains a serious complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of perioperative clinical variables of patients, including albumin level, in predicting pancreatic fistula.MethodsA total of 86 patients underwent PD for pancreas cancer between 2011 and 2017 at our institution. We prospectively investigated the relation between patient's characteristics and the incidence of clinically relevant (CR)‐POPF. Perioperative albumin ratio was defined as post‐operative day 1 (POD1) albumin level/preoperative albumin level.ResultsA total of 23 patients (26.7%) developed CR‐POPF. At univariate analysis POPF correlated with soft pancreas (P = 0.045), low POD1 albumin (P = 0.02), POD1 and POD3 amylase levels in drainage fluid (P = 0.003 and P = 0.014, respectively) and perioperative albumin ratio (0.58 ± 0.10 versus 0.69 ± 0.12 in patients without POPF; P = 0.003). No significant correlations with POPF were demonstrated for surgical time, serum amylase levels and preoperative albumin levels. At multivariate analysis POD3 amylase level in drainage fluid and perioperative albumin ratio were the only significant independent parameters (P = 0.027 and P = 0.047, respectively).ConclusionsPerioperative albumin ratio can predict POPF after PD.
Factors influencing lymph node skip metastasis in colorectal cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Bao Feng , Deng Zhi‐gang , Wang Dong , Xian‐yu Jian‐bo , Li Guo‐qiang , Xiang Chun‐hua , Xiang Rong‐chao , Zhi Xing 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThe risk factors for lymph node skip metastasis (LNSM) have not been thoroughly clarified in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to identify the risk factors for LNSM in CRC patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection with D3 lymphadenectomy.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included a total of 167 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection with D3 lymphadenectomy for CRC between April 2005 and June 2017. The patients were sorted into the LNSM‐positive (skip+ group) and LNSM‐negative (skip− group) groups. Logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for LNSM.ResultsCompared with the skip− group, the frequency of tumour size <5 cm, pT1‐2 stage, and pN1 stage were significantly higher in the skip+ group (tumour size <5 cm: 68.8 versus 46.7%, P = 0.025; pT1‐2 stage: 18.8 versus 4.4%, P = 0.012; pN1 stage: 78.1 versus 57.0%, P = 0.028), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that pT1‐2 stage (odds ratio (OR) = 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–16.6, P = 0.034) and pN1 stage (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1–6.8, P = 0.047) were independent risk factors for LNSM.ConclusionspT1‐2 stage and pN1 stage are significantly associated with LNSM. Radical D3 lymphadenectomy should remain standard practice for CRC.
Clinical pathway improves implementation of evidence‐based strategies for the management of androgen deprivation therapy‐induced side effects in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Bultijnck Renée , Van de Caveye Inge , Rammant Elke , Everaert Sofie , Lumen Nicolaas , Decaestecker Karel , Fonteyne Valérie , Deforche Benedicte , Ost Piet 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo assess the effects of a prostate cancer (PCa) clinical pathway on the implementation of evidence‐based strategies for the management of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)‐induced side effects.Patients and MethodsA clinical pathway was introduced at hospital level in 2015. The pathway consists of evidence‐based strategies for the management ofADT‐induced side effects. All patients withPCa receivingADTfor >6 months were eligible to enter the clinical pathway. Data on recommended evidence‐based strategies were retrospectively extracted from the electronic health records of all eligible patients in the year before (2014) and the year of implementation of the pathway (2015). Descriptive statistics were used for patient characteristics. The chi‐squared test (or Fisher's exact test) and Mann–WhitneyU‐test were used to compare results in the control group with those in the intervention group.ResultsIn total, 126 patients were included in the control group and 132 patients in the intervention group. Baseline patient characteristics were well balanced. After implementation of the pathway, metabolic, bone and cardiac risk assessment screenings were more frequently applied in the intervention group (metabolic 46% vs 4%; bone 58% vs 10%; cardiac 61% vs 16%;P< 0.001). Advice on strategies preventingADT‐induced side effects was more frequently provided in the intervention group (exercise 62% vs 11%; nutrition 58% vs 10%; psycho‐education 54% vs 13%;P< 0.001).ConclusionA clinical pathway for patients withPCa improved the implementation of evidence‐based strategies for the management ofADT‐induced side effects. A clinical pathway could serve as a method to bridge the gap between evidence‐based guidelines and daily clinical practice.
Downregulation of lncRNA CASC2 facilitates osteosarcoma growth and invasion through miR‐181a
Authors: Ba Zhiwen , Gu Lili , Hao Songnan , Wang Xiaofang , Cheng Zhenping , Nie Guangchen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesLong non‐coding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) is a novel lncRNA and has been indicated as playing tumour suppressor gene in several tumours. However, the role of CASC2 in osteosarcoma is still uncovered.Materials and methodsThe CASC2 and miR‐181a expressions were measured via qRT‐PCR. CCK‐8 assay and colony formation assay were performed to determine the cell growth, and transwell assay was performed to assess the cell invasion.ResultsWe showed that CASC2 expression was downregulated in osteosarcoma samples and cell lines. Moreover, we showed that downregulated expression of CASC2 was correlated with advanced TNM stage. Furthermore, overexpression of CASC2 inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion. In addition, we indicated that ectopic expression of CASC2 suppressed miR‐181a expression and enhanced the expression of Ras association domain family member 6 (RASSF6), PTEN and ATM in osteosarcoma cell, which were the direct target gene of miR‐181a. Moreover, we indicated that RASSF6 expression was downregulated in osteosarcoma samples and cell lines and downregulated expression of RASSF6 was correlated with advanced TNM stage. We found that the expression of RASSF6 was positively correlated with the expression of CASC2 in osteosarcoma tissues. Ectopic expression of CASC2 suppressed the osteosarcoma cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion through regulating RASSF6 expression.ConclusionsOur data illuminated that CASC2 acted as a tumour suppressor in osteosarcoma progression.
Current clinical algorithms for predicting common bile duct stones have only moderate accuracy
Authors: Ebrahim Mohamed , Sorensen Lars T. , Jorgensen Lars N. , Kalaitzakis Evangelos 
Published: December 2017

Background and AimA risk‐stratified approach for selecting patients likely to harbor common bile duct (CBD) stones to proceed directly to endoscopic or surgical stone clearance, rather than undergo less invasive testing, has been proposed. We assessed the performance of three clinical algorithms used to predict CBD stones.MethodsAll patients undergoing first‐time endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 2011–2012 as a result of suspected CBD stones were enrolled prospectively in a clinical database. Data such as imaging test findings and liver function tests (LFTs) were collected 48 h prior to and on the day of ERCP. Patients were stratified into different risk groups for harboring CBD stones according to three clinical algorithms using imaging and laboratory data. Findings on ERCP were used as gold standard. Performance characteristics of each algorithm were separately calculated for each time point of LFT assessment.ResultsOverall, 186 patients were analyzed, 75% of whom presented CBD stones on ERCP. Proportion of patients categorized as high‐risk for harboring CBD stones varied among the three algorithms (67% vs 73% vs 56%). Also, the algorithms showed only moderate, albeit comparable, accuracy for predicting the presence of CBD stones (0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–0.68 vs 0.68, 95% CI 0.63–0.67 vs 0.59, 95% CI 0.57–0.61). Similar results were obtained when performance characteristics were recalculated using LFT from 48 h prior to ERCP (data not shown).ConclusionThree diagnostic algorithms commonly used for predicting CBD stones have comparable but only moderate accuracy. Further research is warranted to improve risk stratification of patients with suspected CBD stones.
High‐performance serial block‐face SEM of nonconductive biological samples enabled by focal gas injection‐based charge compensation
Authors: DEERINCK T.J. , SHONE T.M. , BUSHONG E.A. , RAMACHANDRA R. , PELTIER S.T. , ELLISMAN M.H. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryA longstanding limitation of imaging with serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy is specimen surface charging. This charging is largely due to the difficulties in making biological specimens and the resins in which they are embedded sufficiently conductive. Local accumulation of charge on the specimen surface can result in poor image quality and distortions. Even minor charging can lead to misalignments between sequential images of the block‐face due to image jitter. Typically, variable‐pressure SEM is used to reduce specimen charging, but this results in a significant reduction to spatial resolution, signal‐to‐noise ratio and overall image quality. Here we show the development and application of a simple system that effectively mitigates specimen charging by using focal gas injection of nitrogen over the sample block‐face during imaging. A standard gas injection valve is paired with a precisely positioned but retractable application nozzle, which is mechanically coupled to the reciprocating action of the serial block‐face ultramicrotome. This system enables the application of nitrogen gas precisely over the block‐face during imaging while allowing the specimen chamber to be maintained under high vacuum to maximise achievable SEM image resolution. The action of the ultramicrotome drives the nozzle retraction, automatically moving it away from the specimen area during the cutting cycle of the knife. The device described was added to a Gatan 3View system with minimal modifications, allowing high‐resolution block‐face imaging of even the most charge prone of epoxy‐embedded biological samples.
Ceratocorys mariaovidiorum sp. nov. (Gonyaulacales), a new dinoflagellate species previously reported as Protoceratium reticulatum
Authors: Salgado Pablo , Fraga Santiago , Rodríguez Francisco , Riobó Pilar , Bravo Isabel 
Published: December 2017

The family Ceratocoryaceae includes the genera Ceratocorys, Protoceratium, and Schuettiella, whose phylogenetic relationships are poorly known. Here, the new non‐yessotoxin‐producing species of the genus Ceratocorys, Ceratocorys mariaovidiorum sp. nov., previously reported as the toxic Protoceratium reticulatum, is described from examinations by light and scanning electron microscopy, molecular phylogeny, and toxin analyses. The species description is made from culture samples of strains CCMP1740 and CCMP404 from USA waters. Ceratocorys mariaovidiorum is globular and has thick and strongly reticulated plates with one pore within each reticule, just like P. reticulatum, but the key difference between the two species is the presence of five precingular plates in C. mariaovidiorum instead of six as in P. reticulatum. The thecal plate formula is Po, 4′, 0a, 5″, 6c, ~7s, 5‴, 0p, 2′′′′. The apical pore plate is oval with a λ‐shaped pore. The first apical plate is narrow with a ventral pore on the right anterior side; it contacts the apical pore plate and its contact with the anterior sulcal plate is slight or absent. The fourth precingular plate of other Gonyaulacales is absent. Ceratocorys mariaovidiorum may have small spines on the second antapical plate. A phylogenetic study based on internal transcribed spacer/5.8SrDNA supports the morphological classification of C. mariaovidiorum as a new species of Ceratocorys and in a different clade from P. reticulatum.
The Regulatory Role of the Oral Commensal Streptococcus mitis on Human Monocytes
Authors: Engen S. A. , Schreurs O. , Petersen F. , Blix I. J. S. , Bækkevold E. S. , Schenck K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStreptococcus mitis colonizes all niches of the human oral cavity from early infancy and throughout life. Monocytes patrol blood vessels, lymphoid and non‐lymphoid tissues and migrate into infected tissue where they participate in the inflammatory cascade and immune regulation. Here, we studied the effect of S. mitis on monocytes. Transcriptome analysis of monocytes exposed to S. mitis (SmMo) revealed increased transcription of chemotactic factors (CCL2, CCL3, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL2) and cytokines (IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL23, IL36G, TNF), indicating that S. mitis may trigger recruitment of leucocytes and initiate inflammation. Increased transcription in SmMo of IL1B, IL6 and IL23 indicated that S. mitis may participate in the induction of Th17 responses and agreed with our earlier findings of S. mitis‐mediated memory Th17 reactivity. Furthermore, S. mitis inhibited tetanus toxoid‐specific CD4 T cell proliferation. This can be due to the increased secretion of IL‐10 and expression of PD‐L1 that was observed in SmMo. PGE2 can modulate IL‐10 and PD‐L1 expression, concomitant with that of CCR7, IL‐12 and IL‐23 that also were changed. This, along with increased SmMo transcription of PTGS2 (COX2) and PTGER4 (EP4), pointed to a role of PGE2. Measurement of PGE2 secretion by SmMo showed indeed a marked increase, and chemical inhibition of PGE2 production lowered the PD‐L1 expression on SmMo. In conclusion, our findings show that S. mitis may trigger immune modulation by recruiting immune cells to the site of infection, while at the same time dampening the severity of the response through expression of IL‐10, PGE2 and PD‐L1.
3,6-Dichlorosalicylate Catabolism Is Initiated by the DsmABC Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase System in Rhizorhabdus dicambivorans Ndbn-20
Authors: Li Na , Yao Li , He Qin , Qiu Jiguo , Cheng Dan , Ding Derong , Tao Qing , He Jian , Jiang Jiandong 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

The degradation of the herbicide dicamba is initiated by demethylation to form 3,6-dichlorosalicylate (3,6-DCSA) in
Rhizorhabdus
dicambivorans
Ndbn-20. In the present study, a 3,6-DCSA degradation-deficient mutant, Ndbn-20m, was screened. A cluster,
dsmR1DABCEFGR2
, was lost in this mutant. The cluster consisted of nine genes, all of which were apparently induced by 3,6-DCSA. DsmA shared 30 to 36% identity with the monooxygenase components of reported three-component cytochrome P450 systems and formed a monophyletic branch in the phylogenetic tree. DsmB and DsmC were most closely related to the reported [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin and ferredoxin reductase, respectively. The disruption of
dsmA
in strain Ndbn-20 resulted in inactive 3,6-DCSA degradation. When
dsmABC
, but not
dsmA
alone, was introduced into mutant Ndbn-20m and
Sphingobium quisquiliarum
DC-2 (which is unable to degrade salicylate and its derivatives), they acquired the ability to hydroxylate 3,6-DCSA. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction demonstrated that the DsmABC-catalyzed hydroxylation occurred at the C-5 position of 3,6-DCSA, generating 3,6-dichlorogentisate (3,6-DCGA). In addition, DsmD shared 51% identity with GtdA (a gentisate and 3,6-DCGA 1,2-dioxygenase) from
Sphingomonas
sp. strain RW5. However, unlike GtdA, the purified DsmD catalyzed the cleavage of gentisate and 3-chlorogentisate but not 6-chlorogentisate or 3,6-DCGA
in vitro
. Based on the bioinformatic analysis and gene function studies, a possible catabolic pathway of dicamba in
R. dicambivorans
Ndbn-20 was proposed.

IMPORTANCE
Dicamba is widely used to control a variety of broadleaf weeds and is a promising target herbicide for the engineering of herbicide-resistant crops. The catabolism of dicamba has thus received increasing attention. Bacteria mineralize dicamba initially via demethylation, generating 3,6-dichlorosalicylate. However, the catabolism of 3,6-dichlorosalicylate remains unknown. In this study, we cloned a gene cluster,
dsmR1DABCEFGR2
, involved in 3,6-dichlorosalicylate degradation from
R. dicambivorans
Ndbn-20, demonstrated that the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system DsmABC was responsible for the 5-hydroxylation of 3,6-dichlorosalicylate, and proposed a dicamba catabolic pathway. This study provides a basis to elucidate the catabolism of dicamba and has benefits for the ecotoxicological study of dicamba. Furthermore, the hydroxylation of salicylate has been previously reported to be catalyzed by single-component flavoprotein or three-component Rieske non-heme iron oxygenase, whereas DsmABC was the only cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system hydroxylating salicylate and its methyl- or chloro-substituted derivatives.