bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal swells in the tropics: Near‐inertial wave energy fluxes and dissipation during CINDY
Authors: Soares S. M. , Natarov A. , Richards K. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA developing MJO event in the tropical Indian Ocean triggered wind disturbances that generated inertial oscillations in the surface mixed layer. Subsequent radiation of near‐inertial waves below the mixed layer produced strong turbulence in the pycnocline. Linear plane wave dynamics and spectral analysis are used to explain these observations, with the ultimate goal of estimating the wave energy flux in relation to both the energy input by the wind and the dissipation by turbulence. The results indicate that the wave packets carry approximately 30–40% of the wind input of inertial kinetic energy, and propagate in an environment conducive to the occurrence of a critical level set up by a combination of vertical gradients in background relative vorticity and Doppler shifting of wave frequency. Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation measurements demonstrate that the waves lose energy as they propagate in the transition layer as well as in the pycnocline, where approaching this critical level may have dissipated approximately 20% of the wave packet energy in a single event. Our analysis, therefore, supports the notion that appreciable amounts of wind‐induced inertial kinetic energy escape the surface boundary layer into the interior. However, a large fraction of wave energy is dissipated within the pycnocline, limiting its penetration into the abyssal ocean.
Validation of MODIS liquid water path for oceanic nonraining warm clouds: Implications on the vertical profile of cloud water content
Authors: Zhou Lingli , Liu Qi , Liu Dongyang , Xie Lei , Qi Lin , Liu Xiantong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLiquid water path (LWP) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is validated using the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–EOS (AMSR‐E) retrievals for global oceanic nonraining warm clouds, with focus on the vertically homogeneous (VH) model and adiabatically stratified (AS) model of liquid water content (LWC) profile used in MODIS retrieval. With respect to AMSR‐E LWP that acts as ground truth under a series of constraints, the global average of MODIS‐LWPVH and MODIS‐LWPAS has a positive (11.8%) and negative (−6.8%) bias, respectively. Most of the oceanic warm clouds tend to have adiabatic origin and correspondingly form AS‐like profiles, which could be well retained if drizzle is absent. Besides, the presence of drizzle, cloud top entrainment seems to be another cause that modifies the original LWC profiles to become VH‐like, which is notable for the very low clouds that have rather small thickness. These factors jointly determine the appearance of LWP profiles and in turn their spatial pattern across global oceans, with AS‐like profiles dominant in the areas where nonraining warm clouds occur very frequently in the form of stratocumulus. The modified MODIS LWP shows significant improvement compared with either MODIS‐LWPVH or MODIS‐LWPAS. This is achieved by using the two physically explicit models flexibly, in which the elementary MODIS retrievals of cloud top temperature, cloud optical thickness, and droplet effective radius play a determinant role. A combined use of VH and AS model in the MODIS retrieval is demonstrated to be effective for improving the LWP estimation for oceanic nonraining warm clouds.
Shallow magma chamber under the Wudalianchi Volcanic Field unveiled by seismic imaging with dense array
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Ni Sidao , Zhang Baolong , Bao Feng , Zhang Senqi , Deng Yang , Yuen David A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Wudalianchi Volcano Field (WDF) is a typical intraplate volcano in northeast China with generation mechanism not yet well understood. As its last eruption was around 300 years ago, the present risk for volcano eruption is of particular public interest. We have carried out a high‐resolution ambient noise tomography to investigate the location of magma chambers beneath the volcanic cones with a dense seismic array of 43 seismometers and ~ 6 km spatial interval. Significant low‐velocity anomalies up to 10% are found at 7–13 km depth under the Weishan volcano, consistent with the pronounced high electrical‐conductivity anomalies from previous magnetotelluric survey. We propose these extremely low velocity anomalies can be interpreted as partial melting in a shallow magma chamber with volume at least 200 km3 which may be responsible for most of the recent volcanic eruptions in WDF. Therefore, this magma chamber may pose a serious hazard for northeast China.
Open‐Pore Two‐Dimensional MFI Zeolite Nanosheets for the Fabrication of Hydrocarbon‐Isomer‐Selective Membranes on Porous Polymer Supports
Authors: Zhang Han , Xiao Qiang , Guo Xianghai , Li Najun , Kumar Prashant , Rangnekar Neel , Jeon Mi Young , Al‐Thabaiti Shaeel , Narasimharao Katabathini , Basahel Sulaiman Nasir , Topuz Berna , Onorato Frank J. , Macosko Christopher W. , Mkhoyan K. Andre , Tsapatsis Michael 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTwo‐dimensional zeolite nanosheets that do not contain any organic structure‐directing agents were prepared from a multilamellar MFI (ML‐MFI) zeolite. ML‐MFI was first exfoliated by melt compounding and then detemplated by treatment with a mixture of H2SO4 and H2O2 (piranha solution). The obtained OSDA‐free MFI nanosheets disperse well in water and can be used for coating applications. Deposits made on porous polybenzimidazole (PBI) supports by simple filtration of these suspensions exhibit an n‐butane/isobutane selectivity of 5.4, with an n‐butane permeance of 3.5×10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 (ca. 1000 GPU).
Photoreduction of Terrigenous Fe‐Humic Substances Leads to Bioavailable Iron in Oceans
Authors: Blazevic Amir , Orlowska Ewelina , Kandioller Wolfgang , Jirsa Franz , Keppler Bernhard K. , Tafili‐Kryeziu Myrvete , Linert Wolfgang , Krachler Rudolf F. , Krachler Regina , Rompel Annette 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHumic substances (HS) are important iron chelators responsible for the transport of iron from freshwater systems to the open sea, where iron is essential for marine organisms. Evidence suggests that iron complexed to HS comprises the bulk of the iron ligand pool in near‐coastal waters and shelf seas. River‐derived HS have been investigated to study their transport to, and dwell in oceanic waters. A library of iron model compounds and river‐derived Fe‐HS samples were probed in a combined X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and valence‐to‐core X‐ray emission spectroscopy (VtC‐XES) study at the Fe K‐edge. The analyses performed revealed that iron complexation in HS samples is only dependent on oxygen‐containing HS functional groups, such as carboxyl and phenol. The photoreduction mechanism of FeIII‐HS in oceanic conditions into bioavailable aquatic FeII forms, highlights the importance of river‐derived HS as an iron source for marine organisms. Consequently, such mechanisms are a vital component of the upper‐ocean iron biogeochemistry cycle.
Radical Hydrodeiodination of Aryl, Alkenyl, Alkynyl, and Alkyl Iodides with an Alcoholate as Organic Chain Reductant through Electron Catalysis
Authors: Dewanji Abhishek , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Studer Armido 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA simple and efficient method for radical hydrodeiodination is reported. The novel approach uses electron catalysis. In situ generated Na‐alcoholates are introduced as radical chain reducing reagents and reactions work with O2 as cheap initiator. Hydrodeiodination works on aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl iodides and a tert‐alkyl iodide also gets reduced applying the method. Albeit less general, the method is also applicable to the reduction of aryl bromides. The novel reagent is successfully used to conduct typical reductive radical cyclization reactions and mechanistic studies are reported.
Reinforced chloroprene rubber by in situ generated silica particles: Evidence of bound rubber on the silica surface
Authors: Kapgate Bharat P. , Das Chayan , Das Amit , Basu Debdipta , Wiessner Sven , Reuter Uta , Heinrich Gert 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTNano silica is generated in situ inside the uncrosslinked chloroprene rubber (CR) by the sol‐gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). This results in appreciable improvement in mechanical properties of the CR composites at relatively low filler content. Furthermore, exploitation of reactive organosilanes, γ‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (γ‐APS) in particular, in the silica synthesis process facilitates growing of spherical silica particles with a size distribution in the range of 20‐50 nm. The silica particles are found to be uniformly dispersed and they do not suffer from filler‐filler interaction. Additionally, it is observed that the silica particles are coated by silane and rubber chains together which are popularly known as bound rubber. The existence of the bound rubber on silica surface has been supported by the detailed investigations with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The interaction between rubber and silica, via bi‐functionality of the γ‐APS, has been explored by detailed FTIR studies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43717.
Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with boron‐modified phenolic resin
Authors: Gao Weiying , Wang Shujun , Meng Fanbin , Wang Yuanhao , Ma Huanqing 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTAmmonium polyphosphate (APP) was encapsulated with boron‐modified phenolic resin (BPF) by in situ polymerization with the goal of improving its hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and compatibility in polymers. The chemical and physical features of APP microcapsules were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma, and laser particle sizing. The hydrophobicity was assessed by the water contact angle. The residues from thermogravimetric analyzer and muffle burner were investigated. The results showed that the APP microcapsules with BPF shell had been achieved successfully. The shell encapsulation rate mainly depended on the amount of crosslinking agent when the ratio of APP/BPF was constant. The mean particle size increased and the particle size distribution became more narrow. The hydrophobicity of APP was improved and the improvement degree mainly depended on the amount and adding rate of crosslinking agent and the conditions of heat curing. A good thermal stability and high residue char rate at high temperature were noticed for APP microcapsules. It suggests that these microcapsules might be used as an intrinsic flame retardant. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43720.
Should Versus Want: On the Relative Contribution of Injunctive Norms and Preferences on Trust Decisions
Authors: Thielmann Isabel , Hilbig Benjamin E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDespite much research on the determinants of trust among strangers, its mechanisms are understood only rudimentarily. Recently, it has been proposed that people trust strangers because they believe they should, thus complying with an injunctive norm even if it conflicts with their preferences. However, given the boldness of this claim and in light of independent arguments and earlier findings that suggest otherwise, the hypothesis requires critical scrutiny. Thus, we tested whether the decision to trust (in the trust game) is indeed more strongly driven by what people think they should entrust rather than what they want to entrust in two studies. We consistently found a stronger influence of “want” than of “should” on trust decisions even when controlling for the fairness aspect inherent in the trust game. Thus, our findings speak against a predominant role of injunctive norms for trust behavior and confirm that the latter is mostly driven by preferences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diaphragm assessment in mice overexpressing phospholamban in slow‐twitch type I muscle fibers
Authors: Fajardo Val Andrew , Smith Ian Curtis , Bombardier Eric , Chambers Paige J. , Quadrilatero Joe , Tupling Allan Russell 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimsPhospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN) are small inhibitory proteins that regulate the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) pump. Previous work from our laboratory revealed that in the soleus and gluteus minimus muscles of mice overexpressing PLN (PlnOE), SERCA function was impaired, dynamin 2 (3–5 fold) and SLN (7–9 fold) were upregulated, and features of human centronuclear myopathy (CNM) were observed. Here, we performed structural and functional experiments to evaluate whether the diaphragm muscles of the PlnOE mouse would exhibit CNM pathology and muscle weakness.MethodsDiaphragm muscles from PlnOE and WT mice were subjected to histological/histochemical/immunofluorescent staining, Ca2+‐ATPase and Ca2+ uptake assays, Western blotting, and in vitro electrical stimulation.ResultsOur results demonstrate that PLN overexpression reduced SERCA's apparent affinity for Ca2+ but did not reduce maximal SERCA activity or rates of Ca2+ uptake. SLN was upregulated 2.5‐fold, whereas no changes in dynamin 2 expression were found. With respect to CNM, we did not observe type I fiber predominance, central nuclei, or central aggregation of oxidative activity in diaphragm, although type I fiber hypotrophy was present. Furthermore, in vitro contractility assessment of PlnOE diaphragm strips revealed no reductions in force‐generating capacity, maximal rates of relaxation or force development, but did indicate that ½ relaxation time was prolonged.ConclusionsTherefore, the effects of PLN overexpression on skeletal muscle phenotype differ between diaphragm and the postural soleus and gluteus minimus muscles. Our findings here point to differences in SLN expression and type I fiber distribution as potential contributing factors.
Food‐derived hydrophilic antioxidant ergothioneine is distributed to the brain and exerts antidepressant effect in mice
Authors: Nakamichi Noritaka , Nakayama Keigo , Ishimoto Takahiro , Masuo Yusuke , Wakayama Tomohiko , Sekiguchi Hirotaka , Sutoh Keita , Usumi Koji , Iseki Shoichi , Kato Yukio 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundClinically used antidepressants suffer from various side effects. Therefore, we searched for a safe antidepressant with minimal side effects among food ingredients that are distributed to the brain. Here, we focused on ERGO (ergothioneine), which is a hydrophilic antioxidant and contained at high levels in edible golden oyster mushrooms. ERGO is a typical substrate of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1/SLC22A4, which is expressed in the brain and neuronal stem cells, although little is known about its permeation through the BBB (blood–brain barrier) or its neurological activity.MethodsTo clarify the exposure of ERGO to brain and the possible antidepressant‐like effect after oral ingestion, ERGO or GOME (golden oyster mushroom extract) which contains 1.2% (w/w) ERGO was mixed with feed and provided to mice for 2 weeks, and then ERGO concentration and antidepressant‐like effect were evaluated by LC‐MS/MS and FST (forced swimming test) or TST (tail suspension test), respectively.ResultsDiet containing ERGO or GOME greatly increased the ERGO concentrations in plasma and brain, and significantly decreased the immobility time in both FST and TST. The required amount of GOME (~37 mg/day) to show the antidepressant‐like effect corresponds to at most 8 g/day in humans. In mice receiving GOME‐containing diet, doublecortin‐positive cells showed a significant increase from the basal level, suggesting promotion of neuronal differentiation.ConclusionThus, orally ingested ERGO is transported across the BBB into the brain, where it may promote neuronal differentiation and alleviate symptoms of depression at plausibly achieved level of daily ingestion.
A machine‐readable description of generic instructional strategies in e‐courses
Authors: Savic Goran , Segedinac Milan , Sladic Goran , Gostojic Stevan , Konjovic Zora 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe paper describes a language for specifying generic and content‐neutral instructional strategies in e‐courses. The language has been designed to be generic, instructionally expressive, and machine‐readable. The paper presents the language syntax, case study on representative instructional strategies and an evaluation of the language characteristics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:665–675, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21738
Psychopathological features in a sample of substance‐abusing individuals with criminal history: Towards a definition of a personality prototype of an ‘Addict with Criminal Conduct’
Authors: Gori Alessio , Ponti Lucia , Tani Franca , Iraci Sareri Giuseppe , Giannini Marco , Meringolo Patrizia , Craparo Giuseppe , Bruschi Angelo , Caretti Vincenzo , Cacioppo Marco , Paterniti Rolando , Schuldberg David 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe relationship between substance use disorders and criminal activity is strong, and one that is not easily resolved in the criminal justice system. A better understanding of personality traits among substance misusers who commit offences could support better treatment efforts.AimsThe aim of this study is to explore associations between the psychopathology of people addicted to substances who have also committed crimes.MethodsWe recruited 263 substance‐dependent individuals (80% male, 20% female) from a cohort of people attending regional community services in Italy. They all completed an extensive evaluation of their current mental health and personality traits. Their official criminal records were obtained, and the psychopathology of those who had a criminal record compared with those who did not.ResultsThe criminal group was more likely to perceive the external world as hostile and to consider others as responsible for their own problems and difficulties; in addition, substance‐dependent individuals with criminal records showed more personality traits within the psychopathy range and fewer in the dependent personality range than the substance abusers who had never committed crimes.ConclusionsThese findings allow us to hypothesise that substance abusers who also have criminal convictions may have a specific personality profile. If further research were to confirm this, then it could have important implications for identifying people for particular treatment pathways and developing more effective treatments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative Cleavage of Vicinal Diols with the Combination of Platinum and Vanadium Catalysts and Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Obara Naoyuki , Hirasawa Shota , Tamura Masazumi , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tomishige Keiichi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe combination of Pt/C and V2O5 catalysts gave good performance for the oxidative cleavage of trans‐1,2‐cyclohexanediol into adipic acid via 2‐hydroxycyclohexanone. The yield of adipic acid reached 90 % in the one‐pot oxidative cleavage of trans‐1,2‐cyclohexanediol. The yield was higher than that obtained in the oxidation of 2‐hydroxycyclohexanone with V catalyst, and the higher yield was due to the low 2‐hydroxycyclohexanone concentration during the one‐pot oxidation of trans‐1,2‐cyclohexanediol. Cyclic vicinal diols having a six‐membered ring and linear vicinal diols having two secondary OH groups were converted into dicarboxylic acids and two carboxylic acids, respectively. The activity of the Pt catalyst decreased during the reaction, and the activity was partially restored by treating the used catalyst with H2 at 573 K. Even without regeneration, the turnover number based on total Pt could reach ≈1000 in a long reaction with an increased amount of trans‐1,2‐cyclohexanediol.
ChemInform Abstract: BENT CIS D0 MOO22+ VS. LINEAR TRANS D0F0 UO22+: A SIGNIFICANT ROLE FOR NONVALENCE 6P ORBITALS IN URANYL
Authors: TATSUMI K. , HOFFMANN R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie ausgeprägte Vorliebe des U0?" (d°f°) für lineare Geometrien, während M00?" und andere isoelektronische d°‐Moleküle gebogen sind, beruht nicht auf Sauerstoff‐2p‐ Actinid ‐5fπ‐Bindung.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF HIGHLY SYMMETRICAL COMPOUNDS OF THE LANTHANIDES AND ACTINIDES. XIII. CS2KYF6 ‐ A HOST LATTICE ESPECIALLY SUITABLE FOR SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF DILUTED FLUOROELPASOLITES
Authors: AMBERGER H.‐D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractZur Darstellung von Cs2KYF6:Eu, Tb werden stöchiometrische Mengen von KF, CsF, YF3 und LnF3 mit 10 t/cm2 zu einer Pille gepreßt und erhitzt (650°C, 48 h, dann 700°C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: THE INFLUENCE OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON THE ENERGY TRANSFER PROCESSES IN URANATES
Authors: KROL D. M. , ROS J. P. M. , ROOS A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Lumineszenzeigenschaften der Verbindungen (I)‐(IV), die alle verzerrte Uranatoktaeder enthalten, werden untersucht (Emissions‐ und Anregungsspektren sowie Quantenausb.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF HALOGEN BORACITES
Authors: DELFINO M. , GENTILE P. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAnhand thermogravimetrischer Untersuchungen an Halogenboraciten (I) wird gezeigt, daß die Boracite nicht schmelzen, sondern sich zersetzen und somit Schmelztechniken, wie z.B. die Czochralski‐ Methode, zur Kristallzucht nicht geeignet sind.
ChemInform Abstract: EQUILIBRIUMS AND KINETICS OF REDUCTION BY IODIDE ION OF THE VANADIUM(V)‐HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SYSTEM
Authors: SECCO F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn sauren Lösungen (saurer als 0.01 M) bildet das als V02′ vorliegende V(V) mit H2O2 den roten Monoperoxo‐Komplex V0; und den gelben Diperoxokomplex V0; . Die Gleichgewichtskonstanten für die Bildungsreaktionen A und B werden spektrophotometrisch bei 25°C und einer Ionenstärke von 0.3 M (NaCl04) bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE HYDROLYSIS OF METAL IONS. PART 3. LEAD(II)
Authors: SYLVA R. N. , BROWN P. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Hydrolyse des Pb(II) werden, wie potentiometrische′ Untersuchungen bei 25°C und 0.1 mol dm′3 KNO3 zeigen, die Spezies (I)‐(V) gebildet, für die die ‐log βpq‐Werte mitgeteilt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORINE‐19 AND XENON‐129 NMR STUDIES OF THE XEF2.CNTDOT.NWOF4 AND XEF2.CNTDOT.NMOOF4 (N = 1‐4) ADDUCTS: EXAMPLES OF NONLABILE XENON‐FLUORINE‐METAL BRIDGES IN SOLUTION
Authors: HOLLOWAY J. H. , SCHROBILGEN G. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAddukte mit den Stöchiometrien (I) und (II) werden durch Zusammenschmelzen von XeFQ und MOF4 bei 50‐60°C dargestellt und ihre Lösungsstrukturen in BrFS und SO2ClF 19F‐NMR‐spektroskopisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: STABILITY AND KINETICS OF A MACROCYCLIC TETRAPEPTIDE COMPLEX, TETRADEPROTONATED(CYCLO‐(β‐ALANYLGLYCYL‐β‐ALANYLGLYCYL))CUPRATE(II)
Authors: RYBKA J. S. , MARGERUM D. W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer l4‐gliedrige makrocyclische Titelligand reagiert mit Cu(II) unter Bildung des Komplexes (I), in dem das Metallatom durch vier deprotonierte Peptid‐N‐Atome in quadratisch‐planarer Geometrie chelatisiert ist.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION MECHANISM OF ROTENONE
Authors: CAPOBIANCO G. , FARNIA G. , GAMBARO A. , SEVERIN M. G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIm Gegensatz zur chemischen ergibt die polarographische Reduktion der Titelverbindung (I) in wäßrigem Alkohol Rotenol (II) als einziges Produkt.
ChemInform Abstract: TRIPHASE CATALYSIS OF POLYMER‐BOUND AMINE OXIDE IN CYANIDE DISPLACEMENT ON 1‐BROMOOCTANE
Authors: MAEDA H. , HAYASHI Y. , TERAMURA K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Styrolderivate (I) bzw. (II) werden zunächst mit Styrol copolymerisiert und anschließend die Aminogruppen mit Methyliodid quatemisiert oder mit Wasserstoffsuperoxid in die N‐Oxide übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOSELENIUM CHEMISTRY. FORMATION OF ACETYLENES AND ALLENES BY SYN ELIMINATION OF VINYL SELENOXIDES
Authors: REICH H. J. , WILLIS W. W. JUN. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Thermolyse des Selenoxids (Ia) in Gegenwart von 1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan (DABCO) wird Acetylen (II) gebildet.