bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Change Research – What Do We Need Really?
Authors: Rama Chandra Prasad P. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This research note focuses on the current climate change research scenario and discusses primarily what is required in the present global climate change conditions. Most of the climate change research and models predict adverse future conditions that have to be faced by humanity, with less emphasis on mitigation measures. Moreover, research ends as reports on the shelves of scientists and researchers and as publications in journals. At this juncture the major focus should be on research that helps in reducing the impact rather than on analysing future scenarios of climate change using different models. The article raises several questions and suggestions regards climate change research and lays emphasis on what we really need from climate change researchers.
Energiewenden aus historischer Perspektive
Authors: Streb Jochen 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
As most other industrialized countries, Germany experienced three major changes in its energy mix in the last two centuries, namely the respective transitions to coal, oil, and nuclear power. This paper discusses the reasons and consequences of these changes with respect to energy consumption, energy prices, and growth. One major finding is that each energy transition led to a devaluation of traditional locational advantages such as the existence of local sources of water power or coal beds. Another important observation is that most of the energy transitions were accompanied by significant government subsidies aiming at either promoting new energy sources or reducing the social hardship associated with the decline of traditional power industries.
Microbiological Quality of Soft, Semi-Hard and Hard Cheeses During the Shelf-Life
Authors: Vrdoljak Josip , Dobranić Vesna , Filipović Ivana , Zdolec Nevijo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Cheeses as ready-to-eat food should be considered as a potential source of foodborne pathogens, primarily Listeria monocytogenes. The aim of present study was to determine the microbiological quality of soft, semi-hard and hard cheeses during the shelf-life, with particular reference to L. monocytogenes. Five types of cheeses were sampled at different time-points during the cold storage and analyzed for presence of Salmonella and L. monocytogenes, as well as lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli, coagulase-positive staphylococci, yeasts, molds, sulfite-reducing clostridia and L. monocytogenes counts. Water activity, pH and NaCl content were monitored in order to evaluate the possibility of L. monocytogenes growth. Challenge test for L. monocytogenes was performed in soft whey cheese, to determine the growth potential of pathogen during the shelf-life of product. All analyzed cheeses were compliant with microbiological criteria during the shelf-life. In soft cheeses, lactic acid bacteria increased in the course of the shelf-life period (1.2-2.6 log increase), while in semi-hard and hard cheeses it decreased (1.6 and 5.2 log decrease, respectively). Soft cheeses support the growth of L. monocytogenes according to determined pH values (5.8-6.5), water activity (0.99-0.94), and NaCl content (0.3-1.2%). Challenge test showed that L. monocytogenes growth potential in selected soft cheese was 0.43 log10 cfu/g during 8 days at 4°C. Water activity in semi-hard and hard cheeses was a limiting factor for Listeria growth during the shelf-life. Soft, semi-hard and hard cheeses were microbiologically stable during their defined shelf-life. Good manufacturing and hygienic practices must be strictly followed in the production of soft cheeses as Listeria-supporting food and be focused on preventing (re)contamination.
Veiled Truth In Enduring Love And Atonement
Authors: Turcu Anca-Elisabeta 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The article tries to demonstrate that Ian McEwan’s novels, Enduring Love and Atonement, are similarly concerned with the way in which fiction writing is more apt to veil “truth” than to unveil it, also to invite partial readings of “reality” than to offer wide-ranging perspectives on it.
Study of structural, morphological, optical and electroluminescent properties of undoped ZnO nanorods grown by a simple chemical precipitation
Authors: Singh A. , Vishwakarma H.L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were obtained by a simple chemical precipitation method in the presence of capping agent: polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) result indicates that the synthesized undoped ZnO nanorods have hexagonal wurtzite structure without any impurities. It has been observed that the growth direction of the prepared ZnO nanorods is [1 0 1]. XRD analysis revealed that the nanorods have the crystallite size of 49 nm. Crystallite size is calculated by Debye-Scherrer formula and lattice strain is calculated by Williomson-Hall equation. Cell volume, Lorentz factor, Lorentz polarization factor, bond length, texture coefficient, lattice constants and dislocation density have also been studied. We also compared the interplanar spacings and relative peak intensities with their standard values at different angles. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed the size and shape of these nanorods. It has been found that the diameter of the nanorods ranges from 1.52 μm to 1.61 μm and the length is about 4.89 μm. It has also been observed that at room temperature ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) absorption band is around 355 nm (blue shifted as compared to the bulk). The average particle size has also been calculated by mathematical model of effective mass approximation equation, using UV-Vis absorption peak. Finally, the bandgap has been calculated using UV-absorption peak. Electroluminescence (EL) studies show that emission of light is possible at very small threshold voltage and it increases rapidly with increasing applied voltage. It is seen that smaller ZnO nanoparticles give higher electroluminescence brightness starting at lower threshold voltage. The brightness is also affected by increasing the frequency of AC signal.
Crystal structure of (acetylacetonato-κ2
O:O′)bis-((1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one)-κ2
C,N)iridium(III), C33H27IrN2O6
Authors: Ren Yun-Lai , Wang Wen-Hui , Wang Bin-Yu , Wang Zhi-Qiang 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
C33H27lrN2O6, Triclinic, P-1, a = 7.4840(11) Å, b = 11.7312(17) Å, c = 17.438(2) Å, V = 1427.0(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0280, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0677, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis(2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetato-κ
2
O,O′)bis(pyridine-κ
N)nickel(II), C26H24N2NiO6
Authors: Zhao Cheng-Liang , Zhang Heng-Qiang , Jin Ying , Song You-Xin , Meng Xiang-Wei 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
C26H24N2NiO6, hexagonal, P6522 (no. 179), a = b = 11.0161(4) Å, c = 33.1459(8) Å, V = 3483.5(9) Å3, Z = 6, R
gt
(F) = 0.0376, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0879, T = 295 K.
Graphene oxide films, fibers, and membranes
Authors: Cruz-Silva Rodolfo , Endo Morinobu , Terrones Mauricio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) macroscopic films, fibers, and membranes have become important applications of this interesting two-dimensional material due to their specific properties and great potential as new high-performance materials. After chemical or thermal reduction, GO is transformed into an electrically conductive material termed reduced GO (RGO). These materials hold great potential because they can be prepared in large quantities at low costs, and consequently they are particularly suitable for applications in packaging, textiles, energy devices, and separation technologies. In the following years, the use of GO- and RGO-based films, fibers, and membranes is expected to grow; however, several challenges regarding its processing conditions must be resolved. In this review, we addressed some of the recent work regarding these important technologies and summarized the state of the art of GO films, fibers, and membranes.
Verstehen durch Empathie
Authors: Gebauer Gunter 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Hermeneutics, as a core area of humanities, explores the requirements and processes which enable cultural understanding. Traditional hermeneutic theories systematically undervalue the role of the body in understanding. Instead of accepting understanding as a mental process, I want to show that there is immediate understanding with the body - an intuitive understanding which precedes understanding by linguistic means. If physical understanding is recognized linguistically, it can make a significant contribution to the cultural understanding of the self and the other. Empathy is an important function in the process of understanding. A model of linguistic understanding consolidated in physical processes is to be developed using new neurobiological work on empathetic processes
Gerahmte Ungewissheit
Authors: Rautzenberg Markus 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Medientheorie und Medienwissenschaft beschäftigen sich mit den technischen und historischen Bedingungen von Wahrnehmung, Verstehen und Kommunikation. Der Unterschied zu den Geisteswissenschaften, deren Erbe sie angetreten haben, besteht dabei in der Verabschiedung des Primats des Geistes zugunsten der These von dessen Exteriorisierung in Techniken, Körpern und Praxeologien. Im digitalen Zeitalter erlauben Medien einen spielerisch- experimentellen Umgang mit Ungewissheit, der nicht nur unseren Alltag, sondern auch globale Finanzmärkte und wissenschaftliche Epistemologien beherrscht.
Die Sprache der Wissenschaft als ein Element der Kultur
Authors: Demjankov Valerij 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Sciences originate within particular cultures, then they undergo the process of internationalization, developing towards future civilization, in which patterns of spiritual life manifest themselves as particular entities of cultural universals. Linguistically important concepts (such as “beauty”, “language” etc.) are emergent in their character: they can be reconstructed by the analysis of the representative corpora of texts. The methods of this analysis resemble those used in sociology.
Von der Pluralität der Wissenschaftssprachen und der Arbeit der Geisteswissenschaften
Authors: Hagner Michael 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
When science, regardless of the type, is dependent on language, it is essential that it repeatedly provides assurance in its language. Scientific languages do precisely this. From a scientific perspective, it is usually argued that English has truly proven itself as a universal language. However, no mention is made of the fact that English in these cases only means a communicative obligation, and not an epistemic obligation. For example, physicists are no longer able to portray physical thinking without the range of mathematical means at their disposal. In contrast, for humanists language embodies historical or philosophical thinking, and this means that it cannot be randomly substituted. On this basis I argue in favor of a multilingualism of the humanities, which is not restricted to a single lingua franca, but which is deemed suitable for the diversity of the means of perception and ways of thinking.
Telephone Calls Make a Difference in Home Balance Training Outcomes: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Light Kathye , Bishop Mark , Wright Tracy 
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose:
To determine the benefit of a weekly telephone contact on balance control for community-dwelling frail older adults participating in home-exercise programs. Falls in frail older adults often lead to hospitalization and sometimes death. Evidence supports the effectiveness of home exercise programs in reducing fall risk in older adults. As well, there is a high cost for the delivery of a home exercise program in a traditional manner. Poor adherence to a home exercise program can limit the expected reduction in fall risk in the older adult population. We hypothesized that a weekly telephone call would improve adherence to a home-exercise program and, therefore, improve outcomes on the Berg Balance Test.

Methods:
Seventy-five community-dwelling, frail older adult participants, at risk for falling (mean age: 76 years, range: 64-88 years; 3 women), were randomized in alternating pairs to a Telephone Call or No Telephone Call group. All participants received physical therapy home-exercise programs focused on balance control and were assessed and progressed 4 times over 12 weeks. All participants used an exercise log in which they were asked to record the amount of time and the number of repetitions performed of all daily exercises. The Telephone Call group received an additional 15-minute weekly telephone call with standard questions and encouragement to discuss their program. The primary outcome measure was the Berg Balance Scale.

Results:
A total of 11 subjects dropped out of the study with 8 from the No Telephone Call group and 3 from the Telephone Call group. For both groups, a significant effect for time was noted, demonstrating that both groups improved significantly in balance control with the home exercise intervention. For the Berg Balance Scale, an interaction occurred whereby the Telephone Call group improved significantly more in balance control than the No Telephone Call group (Telephone Call group = 6.3 points; No Telephone Call group = 3.9 points).

Conclusions:
A home exercise program was beneficial to improve the balance of community-dwelling frail older adults. More importantly for health policy consideration, a simple, weekly, telephone call made a significant difference in how much balance improvement was made. Telephone calls are a cost-effective way to provide effective follow-up support for older adults participating in home exercise programs.
Sequential treatment with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine and deacetylase inhibitors reactivates HIV‐1
Authors: Bouchat Sophie , Delacourt Nadège , Kula Anna , Darcis Gilles , Van Driessche Benoit , Corazza Francis , Gatot Jean‐Stéphane , Melard Adeline , Vanhulle Caroline , Kabeya Kabamba , Pardons Marion , Avettand‐Fenoel Véronique , Clumeck Nathan , De Wit Stéphane , Rohr Olivier , Rouzioux Christine , Van Lint Carine 
Published: December 2015

AbstractReactivation of HIV gene expression in latently infected cells together with an efficient cART has been proposed as an adjuvant therapy aimed at eliminating/decreasing the reservoir size. Results from HIV clinical trials using deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) question the efficiency of these latency‐reversing agents (LRAs) used alone and underline the need to evaluate other LRAs in combination with HDACIs. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of a demethylating agent (5‐AzadC) in combination with clinically tolerable HDACIs in reactivating HIV‐1 from latency first in vitro and next ex vivo. We showed that a sequential treatment with 5‐AzadC and HDACIs was more effective than the corresponding simultaneous treatment both in vitro and ex vivo. Interestingly, only two of the sequential LRA combinatory treatments tested induced HIV‐1 particle recovery in a higher manner than the drugs alone ex vivo and at concentrations lower than the human tolerable plasmatic concentrations. Taken together, our data reveal the benefit of using combinations of 5‐AzadC with an HDACI and, for the first time, the importance of treatment time schedule for LRA combinations in order to reactivate HIV.
La educación: clave para el desarrollo humano Una perspectiva desde la educación auténtica
Authors: Ferreyra Horacio Ademar 
Published: December 2015

<p>En este artículo se presentan algunas reflexiones sobre la situación actual de la educación en sus relaciones con lo social, y se señala, desde una perspectiva situada, la importancia que adquieren las humanidades en la formación integral de los sujetos. Para ello, se describe la situación desde una mirada sociohistórica, se revalorizan los aportes significativos y relevantes de las humanidades y se enuncian algunas proyecciones hacia futuro. Asimismo, en este artículo se comparten algunas ideas o principios rectores para un abordaje pleno de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, en los distintos niveles y modalidades del sistema educativo, especialmente en la educación superior. Esto principios se conciben como alternativa pedagógica y curricular que ayuda a pensar lo educativo en clave del desarrollo humano. En este marco, y a partir de un diálogo argumentado, se presentan cuestiones relacionadas con el aprender a aprender, aprender a convivir y aprender a emprender, desde la perspectiva de la educación auténtica, concebida no como una teoría, sino como un enfoque integral e integrado, un horizonte de posibilidades que se visualiza como alternativa para superar la fragmentación de los saberes y prácticas en los contextos educativos formales.</p>
Club Penguin de Disney: los nuevos modos de construcción social de la infancia
Authors: Vivas Sergio Alvarado 
Published: December 2015

<p>Producto de cierta ambigüedad histórica respecto del lugar de los niños en la sociedad, en el siglo XX se edificó una noción de infancia asociada a la promoción de espacios seguros para su desarrollo personal, social y educativo. En ese contexto, surge el emporio mediático Disney, el cual apunta en el nuevo milenio a nuevos horizontes: las MMO (Massively Multiplayer Online) para niños. Prueba de ello ha sido la adquisición, por parte de dicha compañía, del Club Penguin, una plataforma que posee más de 12 millones de usuarios registrados. En el presente trabajo, se analiza la construcción de realidad que hacen los niños en Club Penguin, así como sus formas de interactuar y comunicarse en un mundo virtual mediado por el consumo, el control y múltiples concepciones de territorio. De igual forma, el estudio aborda cómo los padres de familia entienden el ciberespacio y por qué Disney se configura como un sinónimo de confianza o de protección para sus hijos. El análisis del Club Penguin se hace desde una postura crítica, con el objetivo de evidenciar el grado de penetración del discurso Disney en edades tempranas, el cual se enmascara en una MMO que pese a ofrecer altos grados de seguridad ante peligros como el ciberacoso, también transmite componentes ideológicos que pueden llegar a ser nocivos.</p>
GrupIREF: pensar con el cine
Authors: De Puig Irene 
Published: December 2015

<p>Si bien el proyecto Filosofía 3/18 (Philosophy for Children o Filosofía para niños) parte fundamentalmente de la literatura como fuente para la reflexión filosófica, con el tiempo hemos ido introduciendo nuevos lenguajes. El GrupIREF, asociación que en Cataluña se ocupa de la formación y difusión del proyecto, nació hace 25 años. Las escuelas pioneras llevan por lo tanto unos cuantos años en el proyecto y nos pareció que complementar los materiales narrativos con la lectura cinematográfia, partiendo de los mismos objetivos y con los mismos métodos, era una forma de enriquecer el proyecto y darle un nuevo aire . Y es que el cine no es sólo un gran montaje técnico y estético o un puro espectáculo de domingo por la tarde, es también una industria potente y un medio generador de valores. Genera valores tanto en el fondo como en la forma: reproduce mundos, nos hace de espejo de realidades que no veríamos, a veces, dentro del mundo más puramente convencional, y otras, desde perspectivas más innovadoras y más críticas.</p>
Fluctuaciones económicas bajo régimen de cambio fijo en una economía pequeña con dos sectores
Authors: Mora José U. Mora 
Published: December 2015

<p align="justify">Este trabajo presenta un modelo teórico de oferta y demanda agregada que permite explicar la propagación de los efectos de la política económica y de alteraciones en los términos de intercambio sobre las variables macroeconómicas en una economía pequeña con dos sectores productivos bajo un régimen de cambio fijo. Contrario a los resultados tradicionales, una devaluación de la moneda local produce una contracción económica en el corto plazo y aumenta el nivel de precios. De igual manera, el incremento de los precios del producto de exportación muestra dos efectos simultáneos. Afecta la oferta agregada por el estímulo a la producción del sector, y por otro lado, acrecenta la de- manda agregada. Dependiendo de cuál efecto domine sobre la economía, entonces, los precios domésticos pueden aumentar, disminuir o permanecer inalterados.</p>
Responsabilidad social empresarial en la industria del tabaco en Colombia
Authors: Páez Álvaro Vernazza , Suárez Caidia Castellanos , Garzón Alexander Sellamen 
Published: December 2015

Este documento aborda la existencia de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) para la industria del tabaco en Colombia y su impacto en los grupos de influencia (stakeholders). Se exploran los diferentes desarrollos de RSE de las industrias tabacaleras Coltabaco S.A., British American Tobacco Colombia S.A. y Protabaco S.A., en las cuales se en- contró que su nivel de RSE está clasificado en un rango medio y que existen debilidades, falencias e impactos negativos que deterioran el componente social de los grupos de in- fluencia. Se proponen dos indicadores de medición de RSE (IRSEPI e IRSEC), con los que se confirman las debilidades existentes en la política de responsabilidad del sector.
Cas9 Variants Expand the Target Repertoire in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Bell Ryan T , Fu Becky X H , Fire Andrew Z 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The proliferation of CRISPR/Cas9-based methods in Caenorhabditis elegans has enabled efficient genome editing and precise genomic tethering of Cas9 fusion proteins. Experimental designs using CRISPR/Cas9 are currently limited by the need for a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) in the target with the sequence NGG. Here we report the characterization of two modified Cas9 proteins in C. elegans that recognize NGA and NGCG PAMs. We found that each variant could stimulate homologous recombination with a donor template at multiple loci and that PAM specificity was comparable to that of wild-type Cas9. To directly compare effectiveness, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate a set of assay strains with a common single-guide RNA (sgRNA) target sequence, but that differ in the juxtaposed PAM (NGG, NGA, or NGCG). In this controlled setting, we determined that the NGA PAM Cas9 variant can be as effective as wild-type Cas9. We similarly edited a genomic target to study the influence of the base following the NGA PAM. Using four strains with four NGAN PAMs differing only at the fourth position and adjacent to the same sgRNA target, we observed that efficient homologous replacement was attainable with any base in the fourth position, with an NGAG PAM being the most effective. In addition to demonstrating the utility of two Cas9 mutants in C. elegans and providing reagents that permit CRISPR/Cas9 experiments with fewer restrictions on potential targets, we established a means to benchmark the efficiency of different Cas9::PAM combinations that avoids variations owing to differences in the sgRNA sequence.