bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of metabolic risk factors and biochemical markers prior to the onset of type 2 diabetes: the population-based longitudinal Doetinchem study
Authors: Hulsegge G , Spijkerman A M W , van der Schouw Y T , Bakker S J L , Gansevoort R T , Smit H A , Verschuren W M M 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background:
Risk factors often develop at young age and are maintained over time, but it is not fully understood how risk factors develop over time preceding type 2 diabetes. We examined how levels and trajectories of metabolic risk factors and biochemical markers prior to diagnosis differ between persons with and without type 2 diabetes over 15–20 years.

Methods:
A total of 355 incident type 2 diabetes cases (285 self-reported, 70 with random glucose ⩾11.1 mmol l−1) and 2130 controls were identified in a prospective cohort between 1987–2012. Risk factors were measured at 5-year intervals. Trajectories preceding case ascertainment were analysed using generalised estimating equations.

Results:
Among participants with a 21-year follow-up period, those with type 2 diabetes had higher levels of metabolic risk factors and biochemical markers 15–20 years before case ascertainment. Subsequent trajectories were more unfavourable in participants with type 2 diabetes for body mass index (BMI), HDL cholesterol and glucose (P<0.01), and to a lesser extent for waist circumference, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, C-reactive protein, uric acid and estimated glomerular filtration rate compared with participants without type 2 diabetes. Among persons with type 2 diabetes, BMI increased by 5–8% over 15 years, whereas the increase among persons without type 2 diabetes was 0–2% (P<0.01). The observed differences in trajectories of metabolic risk factors and biochemical markers were largely attenuated after inclusion of BMI in the models. Results were similar for men and women.

Conclusions:
Participants with diabetes had more unfavourable levels of metabolic risk factors and biochemical markers already 15–20 years before diagnosis and worse subsequent trajectories than others. Our results highlight the need, in particular, for maintenance of a healthy weight from young adulthood onwards for diabetes prevention.
Regulation of miR-483-3p by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase links chemosensitivity to glucose metabolism in liver cancer cells
Authors: Pepe F , Pagotto S , Soliman S , Rossi C , Lanuti P , Braconi C , Mariani-Costantini R , Visone R , Veronese A 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe miR-483-3p is upregulated in several tumors, including liver tumors, where it inhibits TP53-dependent apoptosis by targeting the pro-apoptotic gene BBC3/PUMA. The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. Here we demonstrate that in HepG2 cells, the molecular link between glucose concentration and miR-483-3p expression entails the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which stabilizes the transcriptional complex at the miR-483 promoter. HepG2 cells showed reduced miR-483-3p expression and increased susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced apoptosis in presence of the inhibitor of glycolysis 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). However, in vivo experiments showed that HepG2 cells with higher miR-483-3p expression were selected during tumor progression regardless of 5-FU treatment. Furthermore, treatment with 2-DG alone did not significantly reduce HepG2 xenograft load in immunodeficient mice. In conclusion, we show that in HepG2 cells glucose uptake increases the expression of the oncogenic miR-483-3p through the OGT pathway. This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones.
Genotyping-by-sequencing of three mapping populations for identification of candidate genomic regions for resistance to sterility mosaic disease in pigeonpea
Authors: Saxena Rachit K. , Kale Sandip M. , Kumar Vinay , Parupali Swathi , Joshi Shourabh , Singh Vikas , Garg Vanika , Das Roma R. , Sharma Mamta , Yamini K. N. , Ghanta Anuradha , Rathore Abhishek , Sameerkumar C. V. , Saxena K. B. , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSterility mosaic disease (SMD) is one of the serious production constraints that may lead to complete yield loss in pigeonpea. Three mapping populations including two recombinant inbred lines and one F2, were used for phenotyping for SMD resistance at two locations in three different years. Genotyping-by-sequencing approach was used for simultaneous identification and genotyping of SNPs on above mentioned populations. In total, 212,464, 89,699 and 64,798 SNPs were identified in ICPL 20096 × ICPL 332 (PRIL_B), ICPL 20097 × ICP 8863 (PRIL_C) and ICP 8863 × ICPL 87119 (F2) respectively. By using high-quality SNPs, genetic maps were developed for PRIL_B (1,101 SNPs; 921.21 cM), PRIL_C (484 SNPs; 798.25 cM) and F2 (996 SNPs; 1,597.30 cM) populations. The average inter marker distance on these maps varied from 0.84 cM to 1.65 cM, which was lowest in all genetic mapping studies in pigeonpea. Composite interval mapping based QTL analysis identified a total of 10 QTLs including three major QTLs across the three populations. The phenotypic variance of the identified QTLs ranged from 3.6 to 34.3%. One candidate genomic region identified on CcLG11 seems to be promising QTL for molecular breeding in developing superior lines with enhanced resistance to SMD.
Labeling Extracellular Vesicles for Nanoscale Flow Cytometry
Authors: Morales-Kastresana Aizea , Telford Bill , Musich Thomas A. , McKinnon Katherine , Clayborne Cassandra , Braig Zach , Rosner Ari , Demberg Thorsten , Watson Dionysios C. , Karpova Tatiana S. , Freeman Gordon J. , DeKruyff Rosemarie H. , Pavlakis George N. , Terabe Masaki , Robert-Guroff Marjorie , Berzofsky Jay A. , Jones Jennifer C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are 30–800 nm vesicles that are released by most cell types, as biological packages for intercellular communication. Their importance in cancer and inflammation makes EVs and their cargo promising biomarkers of disease and cell-free therapeutic agents. Emerging high-resolution cytometric methods have created a pressing need for efficient fluorescent labeling procedures to visualize and detect EVs. Suitable labels must be bright enough for one EV to be detected without the generation of label-associated artifacts. To identify a strategy that robustly labels individual EVs, we used nanoFACS, a high-resolution flow cytometric method that utilizes light scattering and fluorescence parameters along with sample enumeration, to evaluate various labels. Specifically, we compared lipid-, protein-, and RNA-based staining methods and developed a robust EV staining strategy, with the amine-reactive fluorescent label, 5-(and-6)-Carboxyfluorescein Diacetate Succinimidyl Ester, and size exclusion chromatography to remove unconjugated label. By combining nanoFACS measurements of light scattering and fluorescence, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of EV labeling assays in a manner that has not been described for other EV detection methods. Efficient characterization of EVs by nanoFACS paves the way towards further study of EVs and their roles in health and disease.
Whole-mantle convection with tectonic plates preserves long-term global patterns of upper mantle geochemistry
Authors: Barry T. L. , Davies J. H. , Wolstencroft M. , Millar I. L. , Zhao Z. , Jian P. , Safonova I. , Price M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe evolution of the planetary interior during plate tectonics is controlled by slow convection within the mantle. Global-scale geochemical differences across the upper mantle are known, but how they are preserved during convection has not been adequately explained. We demonstrate that the geographic patterns of chemical variations around the Earth’s mantle endure as a direct result of whole-mantle convection within largely isolated cells defined by subducting plates. New 3D spherical numerical models embedded with the latest geological paleo-tectonic reconstructions and ground-truthed with new Hf-Nd isotope data, suggest that uppermost mantle at one location (e.g. under Indian Ocean) circulates down to the core-mantle boundary (CMB), but returns within ≥100 Myrs via large-scale convection to its approximate starting location. Modelled tracers pool at the CMB but do not disperse ubiquitously around it. Similarly, mantle beneath the Pacific does not spread to surrounding regions of the planet. The models fit global patterns of isotope data and may explain features such as the DUPAL anomaly and long-standing differences between Indian and Pacific Ocean crust. Indeed, the geochemical data suggests this mode of convection could have influenced the evolution of mantle composition since 550 Ma and potentially since the onset of plate tectonics.
Transcriptome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of four species of luminescent beetles
Authors: Wang Kai , Hong Wei , Jiao Hengwu , Zhao Huabin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe evolution of bioluminescence has prompted scientific attention to illuminate phylogenetic relationships of luminescent beetles. However, genomic resources are virtually lacking in rhagophthalmids (Rhagophthalmidae) and their related firefly beetles lampyrids (Lampyridae). Here, we employed the Illumina Hiseq 2000 platform and sequenced the whole-body transcriptomes of the four luminescent beetles: one rhagophthalmid (Rhagophthalmussp.) and three fireflies (Asymmetricata circumdata,Aquatica ficta, andPyrocoelia pectoralis). We obtained 55.4, 43.4, 38.6, and 36.7 million clean reads for the four species, respectively. All reads were assembled into contigs from which unigenes were derived. All unigenes were annotated by publicly available databases, and a total of 4325 orthologous genes were identified. Using multiple phylogenetic approaches, our transcriptome data confirmed the distinctiveness of Rhagophthalmidae from Lampyridae, which was also supported by our mitogenome analysis using three newly determined mitogenome sequences and 12 previously published ones. Together, this study is the first report of whole transcriptome sequencing data in Rhagophthalmidae and Lampyridae species, representing a valuable genomic resource for studying the origin and evolution of some remarkable traits in these beetles such as bioluminescence. Moreover, our transcriptome and mitogenome data provide useful phylogenetic information that could be of importance in future studies of phylogenetic inference.
Formants provide honest acoustic cues to body size in American alligators
Authors: Reber Stephan A. , Janisch Judith , Torregrosa Kevin , Darlington Jim , Vliet Kent A. , Fitch W. Tecumseh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn many vertebrates, acoustic cues to body size are encoded in resonance frequencies of the vocal tract (“formants”), rather than in the rate of tissue vibration in the sound source (“pitch”). Anatomical constraints on the vocal tract’s size render formants honest cues to size in many bird and mammal species, but it is not clear whether this correlation evolved convergently in these two clades, or whether it is widespread among amniotes (mammals, birds, and non-avian reptiles). We investigated the potential for honest acoustic cues in the bellows of adult American alligators and found that formant spacing provided highly reliable cues to body size, while presumed correlates of the source signal did not. These findings held true for both sexes and for all bellows whether produced in or out of water. Because birds and crocodilians are the last extant Archosaurians and share common ancestry with all extinct dinosaurs, our findings support the hypothesis that dinosaurs used formants as cues to body size. The description of formants as honest signals in a non-avian reptile combined with previous evidence from birds and mammals strongly suggests that the principle of honest signalling via vocal tract resonances may be a broadly shared trait among amniotes.
ZBP1 phosphorylation at serine 181 regulates its dendritic transport and the development of dendritic trees of hippocampal neurons
Authors: Urbanska Anna S. , Janusz-Kaminska Aleksandra , Switon Katarzyna , Hawthorne Alicia L. , Perycz Malgorzata , Urbanska Malgorzata , Bassell Gary J. , Jaworski Jacek 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLocal protein synthesis occurs in axons and dendrites of neurons, enabling fast and spatially restricted responses to a dynamically changing extracellular environment. Prior to local translation, mRNA that is to be translated is packed into ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) where RNA binding proteins ensure mRNA silencing and provide a link to molecular motors. ZBP1 is a component of RNP transport particles and is known for its role in the local translation of β-actin mRNA. Its binding to mRNA is regulated by tyrosine 396 phosphorylation, and this particular modification was shown to be vital for axonal growth and dendritic branching. Recently, additional phosphorylation of ZBP1 at serine 181 (Ser181) was described in non-neuronal cells. In the present study, we found that ZBP1 is also phosphorylated at Ser181 in neurons in a mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2-, Src kinase-, and mRNA binding-dependent manner. Furthermore, Ser181 ZBP1 phosphorylation was essential for the proper dendritic branching of hippocampal neurons that were culturedin vitroand for the proper ZBP1 dendritic distribution and motility.
A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 79/150 Scaffolds Transient Receptor Potential A 1 Phosphorylation and Sensitization by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Activation
Authors: Brackley Allison Doyle , Gomez Ruben , Guerrero Kristi A. , Akopian Armen N. , Glucksman Marc J. , Du Junhui , Carlton Susan M. , Jeske Nathaniel A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMechanical pain serves as a base clinical symptom for many of the world’s most debilitating syndromes. Ion channels expressed by peripheral sensory neurons largely contribute to mechanical hypersensitivity. Transient Receptor Potential A 1 (TRPA1) is a ligand-gated ion channel that contributes to inflammatory mechanical hypersensitivity, yet little is known as to the post-translational mechanism behind its somatosensitization. Here, we utilize biochemical, electrophysiological, and behavioral measures to demonstrate that metabotropic glutamate receptor-induced sensitization of TRPA1 nociceptors stimulates targeted modification of the receptor. Type 1 mGluR5 activation increases TRPA1 receptor agonist sensitivity in an AKA-dependent manner. As a scaffolding protein for Protein Kinases A and C (PKA and PKC, respectively), AKAP facilitates phosphorylation and sensitization of TRPA1 in ex vivo sensory neuronal preparations. Furthermore, hyperalgesic priming of mechanical hypersensitivity requires both TRPA1 and AKAP. Collectively, these results identify a novel AKAP-mediated biochemical mechanism that increases TRPA1 sensitivity in peripheral sensory neurons, and likely contributes to persistent mechanical hypersensitivity.
Catechol-Functional Chitosan/Silver Nanoparticle Composite as a Highly Effective Antibacterial Agent with Species-Specific Mechanisms
Authors: Huang Xiaofei , Bao Xiaojiong , Liu Yalan , Wang Zhengke , Hu Qiaoling 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) coated with catechol-conjugated chitosan (CSS) were prepared using green methods. Interestingly, we uncovered that CSS-coated Ag NPs (CSS-Ag NPs) exhibited a higher toxicity against gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria than against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. The differences revealed that the CSS-Ag NPs killed gram bacteria with distinct, species-specific mechanisms. The aim of this study is to further investigate these underlying mechanisms through a series of analyses. The ultrastructure and morphology of the bacteria before and after treatment with CSS-Ag NPs were observed. The results demonstrated the CSS-Ag NPs killed gram-positive bacteria through a disorganization of the cell wall and leakage of cytoplasmic content. In contrast, the primary mechanism of action on gram-negative bacteria was a change in membrane permeability, induced by adsorption of CSS-Ag NPs. The species-specific mechanisms are caused by structural differences in the cell walls of gram bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria are protected from CSS-Ag NPs by a thicker cell wall, while gram-negatives are more easily killed due to an interaction between a special outer membrane and the nanoparticles. Our study offers an in-depth understanding of the antibacterial behaviors of CSS-Ag NPs and provides insights into ultimately optimizing the design of Ag NPs for treatment of bacterial infections.
Preparation of Nanowire like WSe2-Graphene Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into CH3OH with the Presence of Sacrificial Agents
Authors: Ali Asghar , Oh Won-Chun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA nanowire-like WSe2-graphene catalyst was prepared via ultra-sonication and was tested in terms of the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into CH3OH under irradiation with UV/visible light. The prepared nano-composite was further characterized via XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman and XPS. The photocurrent analysis was further tested for its photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using gas chromatography (GCMS-QP2010 SE). To further improve the the photo-catalytic efficiency, a sacrificial agent (Na2S/Na2SO3) was added to the WSe2-graphene nanocomposite and was found to improve the photo-catalytic efficiency, with the methanol yield reaching 5.0278 µmol g−1h−1. Our present work provides a convenient way to prepare nanomaterials various morphologies that have future applications for environmental remediation.
Nutrient consumption and chain tuning in diatoms exposed to storm-like turbulence
Authors: Dell’Aquila Gianluca , Ferrante Maria I. , Gherardi Marco , Cosentino Lagomarsino Marco , Ribera d’Alcalà Maurizio , Iudicone Daniele , Amato Alberto 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCurrent information on the response of phytoplankton to turbulence is linked to cell size and nutrient availability. Diatoms are considered to be favored by mixing as dissolved nutrients are more easily accessible for non-motile cells. We investigated how diatoms exploit microscale turbulence under nutrient repletion and depletion conditions. Here, we show that the chain-forming diatom Chaetoceros decipiens, continues to take up phosphorus and carbon even when silicon is depleted during turbulence. Our findings indicate that upon silica depletion, during turbulence, chain spectra of C. decipiens remained unchanged. We show here that longer chains are maintained during turbulence upon silica depletion whereas under still conditions, shorter chains are enriched. We interpret this as a sign of good physiological state leading to a delay of culture senescence. Our results show that C. decipiens senses and responds to turbulence both in nutrient repletion and depletion. This response is noteworthy due to the small size of the species. The coupling between turbulence and biological response that we depict here may have significant ecological implications. Considering the predicted increase of storms in Northern latitudes this response might modify community structure and succession. Our results partly corroborate Margalef’s mandala and provide additional explanations for that conceptualization.
Activation of Eosinophils Interacting with Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37: Implications in Allergic Asthma
Authors: Jiao Delong , Wong Chun-Kwok , Tsang Miranda Sin-Man , Chu Ida Miu-Ting , Liu Dehua , Zhu Jing , Chu Man , Lam Christopher Wai-Kei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe role of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in asthma exacerbation is unclear. Microbial infection, which is the most common inducer of asthma exacerbation, is accompanied by elevated LL-37. The present study found that co-culture of eosinophils and bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B significantly enhanced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on both cells and CD18 expression on eosinophils upon LL-37 stimulation. IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL4 were substantially released in co-culture in the presence of LL-37. LL-37 triggered the activation of eosinophils interacting with BEAS-2B cells in a P2X purinoceptor 7/epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent manner. Eosinophils and BEAS-2B cells differentially contribute to the expression of cytokines/chemokines in co-culture, while soluble mediators were sufficient to mediate the intercellular interactions. Intracellular p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways were essential for LL-37-mediated activation of eosinophils and BEAS-2B cells. By using the ovalbumin-induced asthmatic model, intranasal administration of mCRAMP (mouse ortholog of LL-37) in combination with ovalbumin during the allergen challenge stage significantly enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in sensitized mice, thereby implicating a deteriorating role of LL-37 in allergic asthma. This study provides evidence of LL-37 in triggering asthma exacerbation via the activation of eosinophils interacting with bronchial epithelial cells in inflammatory airway.
Validity of Postexercise Measurements to Estimate Peak VO2 in 200-m and 400-m Maximal Swims
Authors: Rodríguez Ferran , Chaverri Diego , Iglesias Xavier , Schuller Thorsten , Hoffmann Uwe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo assess the validity of postexercise measurements to estimate oxygen uptake (V˙O2) during swimming, we compared V˙O2

measured directly during an all-out 200-m swim with measurements estimated during 200-m and 400-m maximal tests using several methods, including a recent heart rate (HR)/V˙O2 modelling procedure. 25 elite swimmers performed a 200-m maximal swim where V˙O2 was measured using a swimming snorkel connected to a gas analyzer. The criterion variable was V˙O2 in the last 20 s of effort, which was compared with the following V˙O2peak estimates: 1) first 20-s average; 2) linear backward extrapolation (BE) of the first 20 and 30 s, 3×20-s, 4×20-s, and 3×20-s or 4×20-s averages; 3) semilogarithmic BE at the same intervals; and 4) predicted V˙O2peak using mathematical modelling of 0–20 s and 5–20 s during recovery. In 2 series of experiments, both of the HR/V˙O2 modelled values most accurately predicted the V˙O2peak (mean ∆=0.1–1.6%). The BE methods overestimated the criterion values by 4–14%, and the single 20-s measurement technique yielded an underestimation of 3.4%. Our results confirm that the HR/V˙O2 modelling technique, used over a maximal 200-m or 400-m swim, is a valid and accurate procedure for assessing cardiorespiratory and metabolic fitness in competitive swimmers.