bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental Psychological Distress and Family Food Insecurity: Sad Dads in Hungry Homes
Authors: Tseng Katie K. , Park Su Hyun , Shearston Jenni A. , Lee Lily , Weitzman Michael 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To examine whether household food insecurity is associated with serious psychological distress (SPD) in fathers and mothers in a nationally representative US sample.

Methods:
We analyzed cross-sectional, matched child-parent data from the 2014 to 2015 National Health Interview Survey (N = 18,456). Parental psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler-6 (K-6) scale. Family food security was measured using the USDA's 10-item Food Security scale, and households were dichotomized as food secure or food insecure. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations between SPD and food insecurity stratified by parental status (mother/father), controlling for sociodemographic factors.

Results:
One hundred forty-seven (2.0%) fathers, 444 (3.9%) mothers, and 591 (3.2%) of all parents had K-6 scores indicating SPD. A total of 2414 (13.1%) parents reported being food insecure, including 750 (10.4%) fathers and 1664 (14.8%) mothers. In multivariate analyses, food insecurity was significantly associated with SPD both among fathers and mothers (odds ratio [OR] = 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4–7.3 and OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.9–3.5, respectively).

Conclusion:
This is the first study we are aware of to demonstrate that food insecurity is independently associated with SPD among fathers and mothers, and that fathers may be at higher risk of SPD than mothers in food insecure homes. These findings highlight the need to assess and treat the mental health of fathers, a historically underrepresented group in the fields of mental health and pediatrics, in addition to mothers, in food insecure homes.
Unusual Volar Pulp Location of Glomus Tumor
Authors: Rosner Ian A. , Argenta Anne E. , Washington Kia M. 
Published: July 2017

Summary:
Glomus tumors are benign, painful growths originating from glomus bodies and comprise just 1% of tumors arising in the hand, with fewer than 10% in the volar pulp of digits. Hallmark symptoms of glomus tumors include hypersensitivity to cold, heightened pinprick sensitivity, and paroxysmal pain. We report a 72-year-old, right-hand dominant man who presented with pain in the left middle finger, localized to the tip. The fingertip was incredibly sensitive to touch, and his pain increased at night. He reported no recollection of trauma. Palpation of the finger revealed no mass, although it did indicate a focal point of pain within the distal pulp of the digit. Magnetic resonance imaging of the left hand revealed a round 7.0 × 4.0 × 6.0-mm soft tissue lesion along the volar ulnar aspect of the distal third digit. An incision was made in the mid-axial plane, circumscribing and removing the mass bluntly. It was a tan-yellow, soft tissue nodule of 0.8-cm in diameter without stalk or adherences to joints. Pathology revealed the mass was a glomus tumor. Symptoms improved on removal, and he healed without complication. Glomus tumors in the volar digital pulp can be difficult to diagnose. However, the presence of localized pain in the fingertip was reason to consider glomus tumor and proceed with treatment. Complete surgical removal of a glomus tumor is necessary to resolve symptoms and prevent recurrence.
Simple Single-Pass Technique for Ultrathin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty: A Pilot Study
Authors: Dimitry Maria E.S. , Lewis Adam D. , Zacharaki Fani , Chandran Manju , Robson Deana , Menon Geeta , Poole Thomas R. G. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To assess intraoperative and postoperative graft thickness (GT) after donor deturgescence for ultrathin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty and to evaluate visual outcomes, endothelial cell density, and patient satisfaction at 1 year.

Methods:
Prospective interventional case series of patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, Fuchs endothelial dystrophy and cataract, and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (n = 12 grafts). The donor cornea was allowed to thin out by simple evaporation on an artificial anterior chamber, to the required precut thickness, before a single microkeratome pass. GT after microkeratome cut, at 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12, months was measured. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) best-corrected visual acuity, Pelli–Robson contrast sensitivity, endothelial cell density, and score on the visual function questionnaire (VFQ-25) were assessed.

Results:
Mean intraoperative postmicrokeratome cut GT was 78.9 ± 33.3 μm. Mean GT at 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months was 70.7, 70.9, 62.8, 66.5, and 58.9 μm, respectively. Mean initial donor corneal thickness was 647 ± 67 μm, and mean precut thickness was 526 ± 4.5 μm (mean thinning time: 17 min). Best-corrected visual acuity at 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months was 68.8, 76.9, 76.3, 76.9, and 78.6 letters with 9-letter gain at 12 months (P = 0.02). Mean endothelial cell loss at 3, 6, and 12 months was 36.8% ± 6.75%, 37.2% ± 8%, and 37.9% ± 9.75% loss, respectively. At 1 year, 83.3% of patients achieved ≥20/40 (6/12) and 66.7% of patients achieved ≥20/32 (6/9.5). VFQ-25 testing showed an improvement in the visual function.

Conclusions:
This pilot study demonstrates a simple graft deturgescence technique that reproducibly creates ultrathin grafts without donor wastage.
Long-Term Tomographic Evaluation of Unilateral Keratoconus
Authors: Imbornoni Lauren M. , Padmanabhan Prema , Belin Michael W. , Deepa M. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To report 5 cases of advanced unilateral keratoconus documented by sequential tomographic evaluation.

Methods:
Retrospective review over a 10-year period at a single practice identifying patients with unilateral keratoconus by advanced imaging throughout the follow-up period.

Results:
Five patients were identified with progressive keratoconus in 1 eye and no changes in the fellow eye based on full tomographic evaluation and analysis of both anterior and posterior corneal surfaces and corneal thickness with a mean follow-up period of 59 months (range 39–86).

Conclusions:
Keratoconus is believed to be a bilateral disease that can present asymmetrically. We present 5 cases that appear to be true unilateral keratoconus with no associated mechanical environmental factors.
Comparison of 5% Sulfur Hexafluoride Versus 100% Air Tamponade in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Ampazas Paraskevas , Droutsas Konstantinos , Giallouros Eleftherios , Schroeder Frank M. , Sekundo Walter 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To compare the rebubbling rate and clinical outcomes of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) with 5% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas versus 100% air as a tamponade for graft attachment.

Methods:
Retrospective, comparative, interventional case series including 368 consecutive pseudophakic eyes with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy that underwent DMEK in a tertiary referral center between October 2010 and August 2015 using either air (group 1, 191 eyes) or 5% SF6 (group 2, 177 eyes) as a tamponade. The rebubbling rate, complications, best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA), manifest refraction, and endothelial cell density were analyzed before and at 1 week, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery.

Results:
The rebubbling rate was 20.4% (39/191, group 1) versus 6.8% (12/177, group 2; P < 0.001). Complications included cystoid macular edema (n = 5, group 1, and n = 10, group 2; P = 0.14) and 1 case of presumed allograft rejection (n = 1, group 2). The follow-up period was 12 ± 8 months for group 1 and 6 ± 4 months for group 2. BCVA (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) had improved after 12 months from 1.43 ± 0.63 to 0.18 ± 0.26 (group 1, P < 0.001) and from 1.8 ± 0.63 to 0.18 ± 0.17 (group 2, P < 0.001). The percentage of eyes with BCVA ≥0.2 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution at 12 months was 70.9% (90/127, group 1) and 78.4% (40/51, group 2; P = 0.3). Endothelial cell loss at 12 months after DMEK was 44 ± 18% (group 1) versus 33 ± 15% (group 2, P = 0.07).

Conclusions:
The use of a tamponade with 5% SF6 yielded a significantly lower incidence of graft detachment requiring surgical reintervention with no detrimental effect on graft endothelial cells. Thus, routine use of 5% SF6 for a graft tamponade in DMEK is recommended.
Perinatal HIV Infection and Exposure and Their Association With Dental Caries in Nigerian Children
Authors: Coker Modupe , El-Kamary Samer S. , Enwonwu Cyril , Blattner William , Langenberg Patricia , Mongodin Emmanuel , Akhigbe Paul , Obuekwe Ozo , Omoigberale Austin , Charurat Manhattan 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Although HIV infection is associated with well-known oral pathologies, there remains a dearth of comparative studies aimed at determining the association between HIV infection/exposure and early childhood caries.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of 3 groups of children receiving care at a tertiary care hospital in Nigeria. The groups include HIV infected (HI), HIV exposed but uninfected and HIV-unexposed and -uninfected children 6 through 72 months of age. Medical records were reviewed, and caregivers were interviewed for sociodemographic, maternal and birth factors as well as early feeding and dietary information. Oral examinations were performed by trained dentist examiners.

Results:
Of 335 children enrolled, 33 (9.9%) presented with caries. In an adjusted analysis, compared with HIV-unexposed and -uninfected children, HI children had significantly greater odds of having caries (odds ratio = 2.58; 95% confidence interval: 1.04–6.40; P = 0.04), but there was no statistically significant difference in HIV exposed but uninfected children (odds ratio = 2.01; 95% confidence interval: 0.56–7.23; P = 0.28). Factors significantly associated with higher caries prevalence include low CD4 counts and percentage, older age, longer duration of breastfeeding and spontaneous membrane rupture during delivery.

Conclusions:
Caries was more prevalent in HI children. These findings support the need to target HI children for oral health prevention and treatment services particularly in Nigeria and other developing countries.
Variations in Antibiotic and Azithromycin Prescribing for Children by Geography and Specialty—United States, 2013
Authors: Fleming-Dutra Katherine E. , Demirjian Alicia , Bartoces Monina , Roberts Rebecca M. , Taylor Thomas H. , Hicks Lauri A. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Using antibiotics appropriately is critical to slow spread of antibiotic resistance, a major public health problem. Children, especially young children, receive more antibiotics than other age groups. Our objective was to describe antibiotic use in children in the United States and use of azithromycin, which is recommended infrequently for pediatric conditions.

Methods:
We used QuintilesIMS Xponent 2013 data to calculate the number and rate of oral antibiotic prescriptions for children by age (0–2, 3–9 and 10–19 years) and agent. We used log-binomial regression to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals to determine if specialty and patient age were associated with azithromycin selection when an antibiotic was prescribed.

Results:
In 2013, 66.8 million antibiotics were prescribed to US children ≤19 years of age (813 antibiotic prescriptions per 1000 children). Amoxicillin and azithromycin were the 2 most commonly prescribed agents (23.1 million courses, 35% of all antibiotics; 12.2 million, 18%, respectively). Most antibiotics for children were prescribed by pediatricians (39%) and family practitioners (15%). Family practitioners were more likely to select azithromycin when an antibiotic was prescribed in all age groups than pediatricians (for children 0–2 years of age: prevalence ratio: 1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.78–1.80; 3–9 years: 1.40, 1.40–1.40 and 10–19 years: 1.18, 1.18–1.18).

Conclusion:
Despite infrequent pediatric recommendations, variations in pediatric azithromycin use may suggest inappropriate antibiotic selection. Public health interventions focused on improving antibiotic selection in children as well as reducing antibiotic overuse are needed.
Compression Socks Worn During Flight and Hemostatic Balance in Boston Marathon Runners on Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Taylor Beth A. , Zaleski Amanda L. , Ballard Kevin D. , Panza Gregory A. , Fernandez Antonio B. , Corso Lauren , Pescatello Linda S. , Baggish Aaron L. , Troyanos Christopher , Thompson Paul D. 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
To investigate the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use and compression socks on hemostatic activation in women flying cross-country to and from a marathon.

Design:
Prospective study.

Setting:
2015 Boston Marathon.

Participants:
Women were divided into non-OC using (CONTROL; n = 12), OC-using (OC; n = 15), and OC-using plus compression sock (OC + SOCK; n = 14) groups.

Intervention:
Women in OC + SOCK wore compression socks during flights to and from the marathon.

Main Outcome Measures:
Venous blood samples were collected within 24 hours of arriving in Boston (EXPO), immediately after the marathon (RUN), and within 24 hours after a return flight home (Post-Flight) for analysis of thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), d-dimer, and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA).

Results:
TAT did not increase with exercise (P = 0.48) and was not affected by group (P = 0.08) or the interaction between these 2 factors (P = 0.80). Group, time, and their interaction were significant for d-dimer (all P < 0.05) such that d-dimer increased with acute exercise to a greater extent (Δ d-dimer from expo to postrace = 909.5 ± 1021.9 ng/mL) in the OC + SOCK group relative to OC (Δ d-dimer = 240.0 ± 178.5 ng/mL; P = 0.02) and CONTROL (Δ d-dimer = 230.3 ± 120.3 ng/mL; P = 0.02). There was a significant effect of time, group, and the interaction on t-PA (all P < 0.01) such that t-PA increased with acute exercise to a greater extent (Δ t-PA from expo to postrace = 19.6 ± 10.0 ng/mL) in the CONTROL group relative to OC (Δ t-PA = 4.0 ± 1.8 ng/mL; P < 0.01) and OC + SOCK (Δ t-PA = 3.3 ± 1.2 ng/mL; P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Female runners using OCs did not exhibit disproportionately increased coagulation. The use of compression socks in women on OCs, surprisingly, resulted in a greater increase in d-dimer after exercise.
Epidemiology of Injuries in Women's Lacrosse: Implications for Sport-, Level-, and Sex-Specific Injury Prevention Strategies
Authors: Barber Foss Kim D. , Le Cara Ed , McCambridge Teri , Hinton Richard Y. , Kushner Adam , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
By the end of 2013, the United States had an estimated 278 000 female lacrosse players, with half of those participating at the youth level. The effects of the sport's rapid growth on injury rates have yet to be determined. The purpose of this clinical review is to synthesize the available published data on injuries that have occurred in the sport of women's lacrosse. Of particular interest was the risk of injury based on the level of play and position.

Data Sources:
A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, High Wire Press, SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar, and Ovid using the keywords “Lacrosse Injuries,” “Epidemiology Lacrosse Injuries,” “Lacrosse Injury,” “Lacrosse,” and “Injury.”

Study Selection:
The electronic search included material published during or after 1950. In addition, all bibliographies of electronically found sources were cross-referenced to identify any additional publications that were not produced in the electronic searches.

Data Extraction:
All articles with data on women's injury rates were categorized by overall injury rates, rates by session (competition vs practice), nature of injury, location, type, severity, and player position.

Data Synthesis:
Injury rates increase with age: from youth leagues to high school and finally to the collegiate level. Rates of injury varied from 0.03 to 3.9 injuries/100 athletes. Women's game injury rates are consistently higher than practice injury rates (ranging from 0.2 to 7.1 vs 0.01 to 3.3). Injuries occur most frequently from stick-to-player or player-to-ball contact, rather than player-to-player contact. Women sustain a higher percentage of head and facial injuries relative to male lacrosse players. The most common types of injuries for women are concussions, sprains, contusions, and lacerations. More than half of all injuries are in the mild category resulting in players missing practice and games for 1 to 7 days. Offensive players had the most injuries, followed by defensive players and then midfielders, with goalies having the fewest number of injuries.

Conclusions:
In women's lacrosse, the rules and equipment used are substantially different than for the men's game. Face and hand injuries are more prevalent for women when compared with men, and ankle injuries are most prevalent in female youth. Medical professionals who treat lacrosse players can benefit from an improved understanding of the types and rates of the injuries they are likely to encounter. Improved awareness of lacrosse-specific injuries can assist these professionals to be more prepared to treat these athletes, which may lead to improved care and outcomes.
Is There a Relationship Between the Functional Movement Screen, Star Excursion Balance Test, and Balance Error Scoring System?
Authors: Harshbarger Nicole D. , Anderson Barton E. , Lam Kenneth C. 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
To evaluate associations between the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) scores.

Design:
Correlational.

Setting:
College athletic training facilities.

Participants:
Fifty-two intercollegiate athletes (men = 36 and women = 16) representing 8 sports and cleared for unrestricted sport participation.

Interventions:
Participants completed the FMS, SEBT, and BESS, in random order, during 1 testing session. Testing order was randomized to control for fatigue and learning effects.

Main Outcome Measures:
Composite and item scores for the FMS, SEBT, and BESS.

Results:
A fair, negative correlation was found between FMS asymmetry and SEBT composite (r = −0.31, P = 0.03) scores. Fair, positive correlations were reported for FMS rotary stability task and SEBT anterior (r = 0.37-0.41, P ≤ 0.007) and posteromedial (r = 0.31, P = 0.03) reaches. Fair, negative correlations were reported for FMS deep squat and BESS single-leg firm (r = −0.33, P = 0.02), double-leg foam (r = −0.34, P = 0.02) and tandem foam (r = −0.40, P = 0.003), FMS inline lunge and BESS single-leg firm (r = −0.39, P = 0.004), FMS trunk stability pushup and tandem foam (r = −0.31, P = 0.025), and FMS composite and BESS single-leg firm (r = −0.37, P = 0.007). Little-to-no correlations were reported for remaining comparisons.

Conclusions:
Results indicate that each instrument provides distinct information about function, with only small areas of overlap. Associations between the FMS asymmetry score and SEBT composite score may indicate a relationship between movement asymmetry and postural stability. Associations between the FMS deep squat and BESS foam tasks may be related to underlying neuromuscular control factors.
Fingolimod (FTY-720) is Capable of Reversing Tumor Necrosis Factor Induced Decreases in Cochlear Blood Flow
Authors: Bertlich Mattis , Ihler Friedrich , Weiss Bernhard G. , Freytag Saskia , Jakob Mark , Strupp Michael , Pellkofer Hannah , Canis Martin 
Published: July 2017

Hypothesis:
The potential of Fingolimod (FTY-720), a sphingosine-1-phosphate analogue, to revoke the changes in cochlear blood flow induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was investigated.

Background:
Impairment of cochlear blood flow has often been considered as the common final pathway of various inner ear pathologies. TNF, an ubiquitous cytokine, plays a major role in these pathologies, reducing cochlear blood flow via sphingosine-1-phosphate-signaling.

Methods:
Fifteen Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were randomly assigned to one of three groups (placebo/placebo, TNF/placebo, TNF/FTY-720). Cochlear microcirculation was quantified over 60 minutes by in vivo fluorescence microscopy before and after topical application of placebo or TNF (5 ng/ml) and after subsequent application of placebo or FTY-720 (200 μg/ml).

Results:
Treatment with TNF led to a significant decrease of cochlear blood flow.
Following this, application of placebo caused no significant changes while application of FTY-720 caused a significant rise in cochlear blood flow.

Conclusions:
FTY-720 is capable of reversing changes in cochlear blood flow induced by application of TNF. This makes FTY-720 a valid candidate for potential treatment of numerous inner ear pathologies.
The Middle Ear Cleft Status in a “Natural” Cohort With Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
Authors: Cinamon Udi , Albukrek Dov , Oron Yahav , Tamir Sharon Ovnat , Goldfarb Abraham , Dvir David , Marom Tal 
Published: July 2017

Background:
The Eustachian tube (ET) has a major role in the middle ear (ME) pressure homeostasis. ET dysfunction is the accepted paradigm for pressure-related ME disorders. We studied the ME status in patients with severely diminished ET opening abilities, and anticipated to find ME disorders in most of them.

Patients and Methods:
ME status was evaluated in unconscious adults, who were hospitalized in a rehabilitation center with severe brain damage, requiring tracheotomy and gastrostomy. These patients were unable to swallow, produce valsalva, yawn, and needed oral suctioning. Examination included fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy, gag reflex and soft palate assessments, otoscopy, and tympanometry.

Results:
Nineteen patients (38 ears) were evaluated: 14 men and 5 women, aged 18 to 93 years (average 59). Duration of gastrostomy and tracheotomy were between 3 months and 18 years. All the patients lacked gag reflex, palatal movements, or supraglottic sensation. Eighteen ears (47%) had otitis media with effusion (OME) (versus ∼3% in the general population, p = 0.00001), none had significant tympanic membrane atelectasis, but 20 (53%) ears were normal. Twenty-two ears (59%) had tympanometry types B/C and 16 (41%) had type A. Cerumen impaction incidence (26 ears, 68%) was significantly higher than in normal adults (10%), mentally retarded (36%), and nursing homes residents (57%).

Conclusions:
A dysfunctional ET predisposed ME disorders. Yet, ∼50% of the ears were normal, in contrast to the current paradigm. This implies that ME pressure homeostasis is maintained by factors that can compensate for ET dysfunction. Treating cerumen impaction and OME may be beneficial for rehabilitation.
Stable Longitudinal Performance of Adult Cochlear Implant Users for More Than 10 Years
Authors: Rak Kristen , Schraven Sebastian P. , Schendzielorz Philipp , Kurz Anja , Shehata-Dieler Wafaa , Hagen Rudolf , Radeloff Andreas 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
To analyze the long-term performance of cochlear implant patients.

Study Design:
Retrospective longitudinal study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center with a large cochlear implant program.

Main Outcome Measure:
Speech perception scores in quiet and in background noise in the short-term (1.12 ± 0.15 yr) and long-term (12.61 ± 2.34 yr) after implantation.

Patients:
Fifty-eight implanted ears from 55 patients with a mean age of 51.80 ± 1.757 years at the time of implantation were included.

Results:
Speech perception scores were stable in the long-term for up to 20 years postimplantation. When alteration of speech perception over time was investigated in relation to the age at implantation, there was a deterioration of the scores in quiet in older patients (>60 years old at the time of surgery). In addition the speech comprehension in noise was negatively correlated with the age at the time of the test.

Conclusion:
The speech perception abilities of cochlear implant users are stable in the long-term and at the most may be affected by the age of the patients, as it is known from acoustic hearing.