bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation and characterization of zirconium based conversion film on AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Fu Hailuo , Wei Dali , Zhu Chenghao , Liu Shuyang , Lin Qing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Magnesium alloys have great potential in biomedical applications due to their unique combination of satisfactory mechanical property and decent biodegradability. However, their poor corrosion resistance limits their applications in biomedical fields. In this work, we employ a chemical conversion deposition method to prepare a Zr-based conversion film on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy to serve as a passivation layer. The mechanism for the film formation was studied and it showed the deposition process consists of four steps: substrate dissolution, nucleation, film growth, and film equilibrium. The film is mainly composed of Zr(OH)4/ZrO and Mg(OH)2/MgO with small amount of MgF2 and ZrF4. The protective performance of the Zr-based film was investigated by electrochemical and immersion tests in simulated body fluid (SBF). Electrochemical results showed a significant decrease in the corrosion current density (I
corr), a positive shift of corrosion potential (E
corr), a bigger capacitive loop diameter and higher impedance values for the Zr-coated substrate as compared with an uncoated one. Immersion results indicated the corrosion rate of the Zr-coated sample was ∼20% lower than that of an uncoated one. All above results corroborate the great potential of Zr-based coating in enabling AZ31 alloy for biomedical applications.
An optical atomic clock using

4

D
J

states of rubidium
Authors: Duspayev A , Owens C , Dash B , Raithel G 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We analyze an optical atomic clock using two-photon

5

S

1

/

2

→
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D
J

transitions in rubidium. Four one- and two-color excitation schemes to probe the

4

D

3

/

2

and

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D

5

/

2

fine-structure states are considered in detail. We compare key characteristics of Rb

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D
J

and

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D

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/

2

two-photon clocks. The

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D
J

clock features a high signal-to-noise ratio due to two-photon decay at favorable wavelengths, low dc electric and magnetic susceptibilities, and minimal black-body shifts. Ac Stark shifts from the clock interrogation lasers are compensated by two-color Rabi-frequency matching. We identify a ‘magic’ wavelength near 1060 nm, which allows for in-trap, Doppler-free clock-transition interrogation with lattice-trapped cold atoms. From our analysis of clock statistics and systematics, we project a quantum-noise-limited relative clock stability at the

10

−
13

/

τ
(
s
)

-level, with integration time τ in seconds, and a relative accuracy of

∼

10

−
13

. We describe a potential architecture for implementing the proposed clock using a single telecom clock laser at 1550 nm, which is conducive to optical communication and long-distance clock comparisons. Our work could be of interest in efforts to realize small and portable Rb clocks and in high-precision measurements of atomic properties of Rb

4

D
J

-states.
Nanobiohybrids and bacterial carriers: a novel pathway to targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Ali Diyar Salahuddin , Othman Hazha Omar , Mohammed Sarhang Hayyas , Hassan Rebwar Omar , Faethullah Zahraa Sarkawt , Kareem Roza Ibrahim , Smaoui Slim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The new strategies in this regard of nanotechnology and biotechnology guarantee new, efficient modalities for cancer therapy. In this study, we explore nanobiohybrids, the bacterium-targeted cancer treatment approach that presents a new category of therapeutic carriers for treating cancer. We specifically focus on bacteriomimetics, where bacteria are used as natural carriers for therapeutic agents. These bacteria possess the ability of pathotropism in localizing themselves around tumor tissues, even hypoxic areas that are generally refractory to standard therapies. By engineering the surface of these bacteria, we enhance how they target tumor cells so that treatment is delivered specifically to the tumor microenvironment with no or minimal systemic side effects. Furthermore, these synthetic nanoparticles inculcated into these bacterial systems stabilize drugs and also provide a way for controlled release, which is important to maintain therapeutic effectiveness. Our results established that such nanobiohybrids are capable of efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and of conducting a local real-time therapeutic response from the perspective of personalized cancer treatment. This research implies a huge development in targeted therapy against cancer, and further work has focused on optimizing these biohybrid systems for clinical applications.
Ayurveda Detoxification Process Reduces Plumbagin from the Roots of Plumbago zeylanica L. – A RP-UFLC Analysis
Authors: Ankad Gireesh M , Hegde Harsha , Kotturshetti Iranna B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ayurveda describes purification process of certain herbal drugs to reduce the toxicity and make them suitable for therapeutic purpose. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of detoxification process on plumbagin (PG) from the Plumbago zeylanica L. roots in marketed samples. It involved procurement of market samples from five states of India viz. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab. The roots were purified in lime water (LW) as mentioned in Ayurveda. Reverse Phase Ultra-Flow Liquid Chromatography method was validated for identification of PG in unprocessed and processed roots and in the media (LW) used for purification after processing. The data was statistically analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and tested for significance by the Dunnett multiple comparison test. Results were expressed as mean ± SD mg/g dry weight of extract. The study indicated that the PG was reduced quantitatively after processing, while the amount of PG found in the LW was observed to be increased, indicating the leaching of PG during the purification process. In conclusion, the detoxification process eliminates PG from its roots and discloses the leaching effect in the media for the first time.
Impacts of Large School Grants and Admissions Algorithms on Student Achievement and Admissions Diversity: Evidence from High-Performing Kenyan Secondary Schools
Authors: Brudevold-Newman Andrew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
School grants are a logistically simple intervention that aim to improve education outcomes by empowering school administrators to target spending. This paper studies whether a school upgrade program that provided particularly large school grants—an order of magnitude larger than other grant programs studied in developing countries—paired with flexibility to charge higher fees, improved student educational outcomes, as measured by student examination results. The program impact is identified by comparing student outcomes at upgraded schools to student outcomes at schools that met the government’s upgrade eligibility criteria, but were not selected for the upgrade program. I examine cohorts enrolled in the schools prior to the upgrade announcements to avoid potential composition changes resulting from the program. Using this difference-in-differences approach, I find that the program significantly improved outcomes for boys enrolled in the the newly-upgraded schools by 0.17 standard deviations, boosted the likelihood that they scored above a preferential university admissions threshold by 8 percentage points and that the new admissions mechanism admitted comparably-achieving but more geographically diverse students.
Quality Assurance for Multiplex Quantitative Clinical Chemistry Proteomics in Large Clinical Trials
Authors: Reijnders Esther , Romijn Fred P H T M , Arslan Figen , Georges Julien J J , Pieterse Mervin M , Schipper Edwin R , Didden-Buitendijk Sonja , Martherus-Bultman Machteld C , Smit Nico P M , Diederiks Nina M , Treep Maxim M , Jukema J Wouter , Cobbaert Christa M , Ruhaak L Renee 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
To evaluate the clinical performance and effectiveness of a multiplex apolipoprotein panel in the context of cardiovascular precision diagnostics, clinical samples of patients with recent acute coronary syndrome in the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial were measured by quantitative clinical chemistry proteomics (qCCP). The ISO15189-accredited laboratory setting, including the total testing process (TTP), served as a foundation for this study. Consequently, tailored quality assurance measures needed to be designed and implemented to suit the demands of a multiplex LC-MS/MS test.

Methods
Nine serum apolipoproteins were measured in 23 376 samples with a laboratory-developed multiplex apolipoprotein test on 4 Agilent 6495 LC-MS/MS systems. A fit-for-purpose process was designed with tailored additions enhancing the accredited laboratory infrastructure and the TTP. Quality assurance was organized in 3 steps: system suitability testing (SST), internal quality control (IQC) evaluation with adjusted Westgard rules to fit a multiplex test, and interpeptide agreement analysis. Data was semi-automatically evaluated with a custom R script.

Results
LC-MS/MS analyses were performed with the following between-run CVs: for apolipoprotein (Apo) (a) 6.2%, Apo A-I 2.3%, Apo A-II 2.1%, Apo A-IV 2.9%, Apo B 1.9%, Apo C-I 3.3%, Apo C-II 3.3%, Apo C-III 2.7%, and for Apo E 3.3% and an average interpeptide agreement Pearson r of 0.981.

Conclusions
This is the first study of its kind in which qCCP was performed at this scale. This research successfully demonstrates the feasibility of high-throughput LC-MS/MS applications in large clinical trials.
ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number: NCT01663402
Staphylococcus simulans infections in a patient following high supracondylar osteotomy to treat osteoarthritis: a case report
Authors: Tan Lin , Wang Jian , Li Ming , Zhou Yadi , Xia Binyi , Zhang Minmin , Yang Chengli 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Staphylococcus simulans (S. simulans) is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that is commonly found in animal pathogens. S. simulans rarely causes infections in clinical practice due to its low pathogenic ability and opportunistic pathogen, which results in few relevant clinical reports. In this paper, the authors primarily report a patient infected with S. simulans after a high supracondylar osteotomy and the S. simulans was identified by the means of the next-generation sequencing technology. This case report provides new evidence for the further research of S. simulans and paves the way for its clinical therapy.
Protection of Omicron Bivalent Vaccine, Previous Infection, and Their Induced Neutralizing Antibodies Against Symptomatic Infection With Omicron XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1
Authors: Yamamoto Shohei , Matsuda Kouki , Maeda Kenji , Mizoue Tetsuya , Horii Kumi , Okudera Kaori , Tan Tomofumi , Oshiro Yusuke , Inamura Natsumi , Nemoto Takashi , S Takeuchi Junko , Konishi Maki , Sugiyama Haruhito , Aoyanagi Nobuyoshi , Sugiura Wataru , Ohmagari Norio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Data are limited on the protective role of the Omicron BA bivalent vaccine, previous infection, and their induced neutralizing antibodies against Omicron XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 infection.

Methods
We conducted a nested case-control analysis among tertiary hospital staff in Tokyo who had received ≥3 doses of COVID-19 vaccines and donated blood samples in June 2023 (1 month before the Omicron XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 wave). We identified 206 symptomatic cases between June and September 2023 and selected their controls with 1:1 propensity score matching. We examined the association of vaccination, previous infection, and preinfection live virus neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 with the risk of COVID-19 infection.

Results
Previous infection during the Omicron BA- or XBB-dominant phase was associated with a significantly lower infection risk during the XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1–dominant phase than infection-naive status, with 70% and 100% protection, respectively, whereas Omicron BA bivalent vaccination showed no association. Preinfection neutralizing titers against XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 were 39% (95% CI, 8%–60%) and 28% (95% CI, 8%–44%) lower in cases than matched controls. Neutralizing activity against XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 was somewhat detectable in the sera of individuals with previous infection but barely detectable in those who were infection naive and received the Omicron bivalent vaccine.

Conclusions
In the era when the Omicron XBB vaccine was unavailable, the Omicron BA bivalent vaccine did not confer the neutralizing activity and protection against Omicron XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 symptomatic infection. The previous infection afforded neutralizing titers and protection against symptomatic infection with these variants.
Hyaluronic acid and urology: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Roth Bradley J , Hammad Muhammed A M , Sultan Mark I , Abou Chawareb Elia , Banton Jasmin , Park Sean Sung Hun , Perito Paul E , Yafi Faysal A , Raheem Omer 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The use of hyaluronic acid as a nonsurgical treatment for various conditions within urology has been of great interest in recent literature.

Objectives
In this study, we aimed to provide an updated review and analysis of the current state of hyaluronic acid use in urology, characterize its adverse effects, and briefly discuss future directions of research for hyaluronic acid in urology.

Methods
PubMed searches were run utilizing multiple terms, including “hyaluronic acid,” “penile,” “augmentation,” “Peyronie disease,” “premature ejaculation,” and “cosmetic urology,” among other related iterations. Relevant data extracted included International Index of Erectile Function score, intravaginal ejaculatory latency, glans circumference, penile girth, and plaque size. We also included studies which reported on complications of hyaluronic acid injections. Aggregated analysis was performed on studies with complete pre and post injection data at time closest to 6 months postinjection.

Results
A total of 33 studies met our inclusion criteria. Studies had marked heterogeneity in design, but most reported positive results. A total of 16 studies were included in our analysis. Intravaginal ejaculatory latency, penile girth, glans circumference, and International Index of Erectile Function were all increased on a fixed-effects model. Reduction in plaque size was not significant (P = .069). Complications were rare.

Conclusion
Literature on hyaluronic acid for urologic issues demonstrates promising results; however, the quality of studies was variable. Our analysis of these studies largely corroborates these findings; however, the results are limited by the data available. Hyaluronic acid may be promising, but we highly implore standardization of study regimens in randomized controlled trials.
Pre-implementation planning to enhance integration of HIV and behavioral health care services at two Ryan White-funded HIV care centers
Authors: Hussen Sophia A , Byrd Rosalind N , Doraivelu Kamini , Moore Shamia J , Camp Daniel M , Wood-Palmer Drew , Kalokhe Ameeta S , Farber Eugene W , Ali Mohammed K 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBehavioral health conditions are disproportionately experienced by people living with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including young Black gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Left unaddressed, these symptoms can adversely impact HIV care outcomes. Improving the integration of behavioral health and HIV care services has been proposed as a strategy to address this challenge. To conduct a pre-implementation study exploring barriers and facilitators to improving HIV and behavioral health care integration at two HIV clinics in Atlanta, Georgia. We conducted a mixed-methods study guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Sixty (60) HIV care providers, behavioral health care providers, and social service providers participated in cross-sectional surveys, and a subset of survey participants (15) also participated in a qualitative in-depth interview to explore CFIR constructs in greater depth. We focused on Intervention Characteristics, Outer Setting, and Inner Setting as the most relevant CFIR domains. Within each of these domains, we identified both facilitators and barriers to improving HIV and behavioral care integration in the two clinics. Participants agreed that enhancing integration would provide a relative advantage over current practice, would address young Black GBMSM and other patient needs, and would be compatible with the organizational mission. However, they also expressed concerns about complexity, resource availability, and priority relative to other clinic initiatives. Participants were enthusiastic about improving care integration but also invoked practical challenges to translating this idea into practice. Future research should test specific implementation strategies and their potential effectiveness for improving the integration of behavioral health and HIV care, as a strategy for improving well-being among young Black GBMSM and other people living with HIV.
Reports of Burnout Among Historically Marginalized and Female Graduating Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dyrbye Liselotte N. , Brushaber Danielle E. , West Colin P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To examine graduating medical student reports of burnout by sex, race and ethnicity, and sexual orientation and explore trends within intersectional demographic groups from 2019–2021 in a national sample.

Method
The authors obtained medical student responses to the 2019–2021 Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Graduation Questionnaires (GQs) linked to data from other AAMC sources. The dataset included year of GQ completion, responses to a modified Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (exhaustion subscale range: 0–24; disengagement subscale range: 0–15), and demographics previously shown to relate to the risk of burnout in medical students, residents, or physicians. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate independent associations between demographics and burnout.

Results
Overall response rate was 80.7%. After controlling for other factors, mean exhaustion scores were higher among Asian (parameter estimate [PE] 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21, 0.54), bisexual (PE 0.97, 95% CI 0.76, 1.17), and gay or lesbian (PE 0.55, 95% CI 0.35, 0.75) students than those who did not identify with each of those respective groups. Mean disengagement scores were lower among female (PE −0.47, 95% CI −0.52, −0.42), Hispanic (PE −0.11, 95% CI −0.22, −0.01), and White (PE −0.10, 95% CI −0.19, 0.00) students and higher among Asian (PE 0.17, 95% CI 0.07, 0.27), Black or African American (PE 0.31, 95% CI 0.18, 0.44), bisexual (PE 0.54, 95% CI 0.41, 0.66), and gay or lesbian (PE 0.23, 95% CI 0.11, 0.35) students than those who did not identify with each of those respective groups. From 2019–2021, mean exhaustion and disengagement scores were relatively stable or improved across nearly all intersectional groups.

Conclusions
Male, Asian, Black or African American, and sexual minority students had a higher risk of burnout, while female, Hispanic, White, and heterosexual or straight students had a lower risk of burnout.
Lung-protective ventilation and postoperative pulmonary complications during pulmonary resection in children
Authors: Zhu Change , Zhang Mazhong , Zhang Saiji , Zhang Rufang , Wei Rong 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Children are more susceptible to postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) due to their smaller functional residual capacity and higher closing volume; however, lung-protective ventilation (LPV) in children requiring one-lung ventilation (OLV) has been relatively underexplored.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effects of LPV and driving pressure-guided ventilation on PPCs in children with OLV.

DESIGN
Randomised, controlled, double-blind study.

SETTING
Single-site tertiary hospital, 6 May 2022 to 31 August 2023.

PATIENTS
213 children aged < 6 years, planned for lung resection secondary to congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation.

INTERVENTIONS
Children were randomly assigned to LPV (n = 142) or control (n = 71) groups. Children in LPV group were randomly assigned to either driving pressure group (n = 70) receiving individualised positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to deliver the lowest driving pressure or to conventional protective ventilation group (n = 72) with fixed PEEP of 5 cmH2O.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was the incidence of PPCs within 7 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes were pulmonary mechanics, oxygenation and mechanical power.

RESULTS
The incidence of PPCs did not differ between the LPV (24/142, 16.9%) and the control groups (15/71, 21.1%) (P = 0.45). The driving pressure was lower in the driving pressure group than in the 5 cmH2O PEEP group (15 vs. 17 cmH2O; P
= 0.001). Lung compliance and oxygenation were higher while the dynamic component of mechanical power was lower in the driving pressure group than in the 5 cmH2O PEEP group. The incidence of PPCs did not differ between the driving pressure (11/70, 15.7%) and the 5 cmH2O PEEP groups (13/72, 18.1%) (P
= 0.71).

CONCLUSIONS
LPV did not decrease the occurrence of PPCs compared to non-protective ventilation. Although lung compliance and oxygenation were higher in the driving pressure group than in the 5 cmH2O PEEP group, these benefits did not translate into significant reductions in PPCs. However, the study is limited by a small sample size, which may affect the interpretation of the results. Future research with larger sample sizes is necessary to confirm these findings.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
ChiCTR2200059270.
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Pyrazinamide Among Chinese Patients With Drug-Sensitive or Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Chen Shuyan , Rao Weiqiao , Fu Liang , Liu Guohui , Zhang Jiancong , Liao Yunli , Lv Ning , Deng Guofang , Yang Shijin , Lin Liang , Li Lujin , Qu Jiuxin , Liu Siqi , Zou Jin 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Pyrazinamide is used to treat drug-susceptible (DS) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to characterize the factors associated with the pharmacokinetic parameters of pyrazinamide and evaluate the disposition of the current regimen, which could provide suggestions for adequate dosing strategies for therapeutic targets.

Methods:
A population pharmacokinetic model of pyrazinamide was developed based on the data from 499 plasma concentrations from 222 Chinese patients diagnosed with DS or MDR TB. Pyrazinamide exposure was best described using a one-compartment model.

Results:
No significant differences were observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters between DS and MDR TB. The final covariate model showed that total body weight was the only significant covariate for apparent clearance, which increased by 0.45 L/h with a 10 kg increase in body weight. A simulation showed that for typical subjects weighing 40–80 kg, a fixed dosage of 1500 mg daily had an area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to 24 hours (AUC0–24) of 389.9–716.0 mg·h/L and peak serum concentrations of the drug (Cmax) of 32.2–44.8 mg/L.

Conclusions:
Fixed pyrazinamide doses of 1500, 1750, and 2000 mg are recommended for patients weighing 40–70, 70–80, and 80–90 kg, respectively, to achieve the exposure targets of AUC0–24 > 363 mg·h/L or Cmax > 35 mg/L to attain efficacy.