bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peptides inhibiting heparanase procoagulant activity significantly reduce tumour growth and vascularisation in a mouse model
Authors: Crispel Yonatan , Axelman Elena , Tatour Mifleh , Kogan Inna , Nevo Neta , Brenner Benjamin , Nadir Yona 
Published: August 2016

SummaryHeparanase is implicated in angiogenesis and tumour progression. We previously demonstrated that heparanase might also affect the haemostatic system in a non-enzymatic manner. It forms a complex and enhances the activity of the blood coagulation initiator tissue factor (TF). Peptides that we generated from TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-2, which inhibit heparanase procoagulant activity, were recently demonstrated to attenuate inflammation in a sepsis mouse model. The present study was designated to explore peptides effects on tumour growth and vascularisation. Cell lines of mouse melanoma (B16), mouse breast cancer (EMT-6), and human breast cancer (MDA-231) were injected subcutaneously to mice. Inhibitory peptides 5, 6 and 7 were injected subcutaneously in the area opposite to the tumour side. In the three tumour cell lines, peptides 5, 6 and 7 inhibited tumour growth and vascularisation in a dose-dependent manner, reaching a 2/3 reduction compared to control tumours (p<0.001). Additionally, a survival advantage (p<0.05) and reduced plasma thrombin-antithrombin complex (p<0.05) were observed in the treatment groups. Peptides delayed tumour relapse by six days and inhibited relapsed tumour size (p<0.001). In vitro, peptides did not inhibit tumour cell proliferation, migration or heparanase degradation of heparan sulfate chains, but significantly decreased tube formation. In conclusion, peptides inhibiting heparanase procoagulant activity significantly reduced tumour growth, vascularisation, and relapse. The procoagulant domain in heparanase protein may play a role in tumour growth, suggesting a new mechanism of coagulation system involvement in cancer.
The Square Root Information Increment Ensemble Filter
Authors: Psiaki Mark L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA new type of ensemble filter is developed, one that stores and updates its state information in an efficient square root information filter form. It addresses two shortcomings of conventional ensemble Kalman filters: the coarse characterization of random forecast model error effects and the overly optimistic approximation of the estimation error statistics. The new filter uses an assumed a priori covariance approximation that is full rank but sparse, possibly with a dense low-rank increment. This matrix can be used to develop a nominal square root information equation for the system state and uncertainty. The measurements are used to develop an additional low-rank square root information equation. New algorithms provide forecasts and analyses of these increments at a computational cost comparable to that of existing ensemble Kalman filters. Model error effects are implicit in the a priori covariance time history, thereby obviating one of the reasons for including an inflation operation. The use of an a priori full-rank covariance allows the analysis operations to improve the state estimate without the need for a localization adjustment. This new filter exhibited worse performance than a typical covariance square root ensemble Kalman filter when operating on the Lorenz-96 problem in a chaotic regime. It excelled on a version of the Lorenz-96 problem where nonlinearities in the forecast model were weak, where the state vector uncertainty lay predominantly in a small subspace, and where the observations were spatially sparse. Such a problem might be representative of ionospheric space weather data assimilation where forcing variability can dominate the state uncertainty and where remote sensing data coverage can be sparse.
The Representation of Cumulus Convection in High-Resolution Simulations of the 2013 Colorado Front Range Flood
Authors: Mahoney Kelly M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractModel simulations of the 2013 Colorado Front Range floods are performed using 4-km horizontal grid spacing to evaluate the impact of using explicit convection (EC) versus parameterized convection (CP) in the model convective physics “gray zone.” Significant differences in heavy precipitation forecasts are found across multiple regions in which heavy rain and high-impact flooding occurred. The relative contribution of CP-generated precipitation to total precipitation suggests that greater CP scheme activity in areas upstream of the Front Range flooding may have led to significant downstream model error.Heavy convective precipitation simulated by the Kain–Fritsch CP scheme in particular led to an alteration of the low-level moisture flux and moisture transport fields that ultimately prevented the generation of heavy precipitation in downstream areas as observed. An updated, scale-aware version of the Kain–Fritsch scheme is also tested, and decreased model errors both up- and downstream suggest that scale-aware updates yield improvements in the simulation of this event. Comparisons among multiple CP schemes demonstrate that there are model convective physics gray zone considerations that significantly impact the simulation of extreme rainfall in this event.
Evaluation of Reduction Accuracy of Suture-Button and Screw Fixation Techniques for Syndesmotic Injuries
Authors: Kocadal Onur , Yucel Mehmet , Pepe Murad , Aksahin Ertugrul , Aktekin Cem Nuri 
Published: August 2016

Background: Among the most important predictors of functional results of treatment of syndesmotic injuries is the accurate restoration of the syndesmotic space. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reduction performance of screw fixation and suture-button techniques using images obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods: Patients at or below 65 years who were treated with screw or suture-button fixation for syndesmotic injuries accompanying ankle fractures between January 2012 and March 2015 were retrospectively reviewed in our regional trauma unit. A total of 52 patients were included in the present study. Fixation was performed with syndesmotic screws in 26 patients and suture-button fixation in 26 patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the fixation methods. Postoperative CT scans were used for radiologic evaluation. Four parameters (anteroposterior reduction, rotational reduction, the cross-sectional syndesmotic area, and the distal tibiofibular volumes) were taken into consideration for the radiologic assessment. Functional evaluation of patients was done using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale at the final follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 16.7 ± 11.0 months, and the mean age was 44.1 ± 13.2. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the degree of fibular rotation ( P = .03) and an increase in the upper syndesmotic area ( P = .006) compared with the contralateral limb in the screw fixation group. In the suture-button fixation group, there was a statistically significant increase in the lower syndesmotic area ( P = .02) and distal tibiofibular volumes ( P = .04) compared with the contralateral limbs. The mean AOFAS scores were 88.4 ± 9.2 and 86.1 ± 14.0 in the suture-button fixation and screw fixation group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the functional ankle joint scores between the groups. Conclusion: Although the functional outcomes were similar, the restoration of the fibular rotation in the treatment of syndesmotic injuries by screw fixation was troublesome and the volume of the distal tibiofibular space increased with the suture-button fixation technique. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Endocytosis of keratinocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sarode Sachin C , Sarode Gargi S , Kulkarni Meena , Patil Shankargouda 
Published: August 2016

Objectives: To quantify endocytosis of keratinocytes (EK) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and correlate it with different clinical and histopathological parameters. Further, the expression of cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) and lysozyme was studied in tumor cells to corroborate this phenomenon. Materials and method: EK per high-power field (HPF) was calculated on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and correlated with clinical and histopathological parameters. CD68 and lysozyme were studied in tumor cells using immunohistochemistry. Results: The mean EK per HPF was higher in stage IV (4.450 ± 2.241) than stage III (3.333 ± 1.543) OSCC ( p = 0.1978). Although there were more EK in N2 stage (4.362 ± 0.3405) as compared to N0–N1 (3.462 ± 0.4178), the results were statistically insignificant. Statistically significant difference in mean EK was observed in all the grades of OSCC: well versus moderate ( p = 0.0052), moderate versus poor ( p < 0.0001), and well versus poor ( p = 0.0001). There were significant differences in the mean EK ( p < 0.05) between different grades of stromal degenerations (mild: 2.654 ± 1.093, moderate: 5.115 ± 1.774, and severe: 7.250 ± 2.217). Statistically significant differences were observed in CD68 expression in tumor cells of various TNM stages ( p = 0.049), histopathological grades ( p = 0.045), and stromal degeneration ( p = 0.024). Likewise, lysozyme expression in tumor cells was also statistically significant in histopathological grades ( p = 0.004) and mean EK value ( p = 0.0119). Conclusion: The mean EK in OSCC increases with increasing histopathological grades, TNM stages, and stromal degeneration. CD68 and lysozyme can be used as markers of EK in OSCC.
Elucidating risk factors for oral leukoplakia affecting gingivae in Japanese subjects
Authors: Nagao Toru , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Hasegawa Shogo , Sakuma Hidenori , Miyabe Satoru , Komaki Kanji , Ishii Koh , Machida Junichiro , Kimura Masashi , Kuroyanagi Norio , Saito Terumi , Takeuchi Go , Ohyabu Takuya , Shimozato Kazuo , Hashimoto Shuji 
Published: August 2016

Background: Clinicopathological studies have revealed some distinct anatomical variations in the clinical presentation of oral leukoplakia (OL). Screening studies have shown that gingival leukoplakia (GL) to be more common among the Japanese. Objective: A hospital-based case-control study was undertaken among patients diagnosed with OL to compare clinico-pathological data between GL and OL affecting other sites (n-GL). Methods: One hundred fifty-one subjects attending four city hospitals in Japan diagnosed with OL were recruited to this study. OL was diagnosed by World Health Organization criteria. They were interviewed for risk factors, clinical presentations were charted and investigated by patch testing for allergy to dental materials and by biopsy for dysplasia. Results: Eighty-eight with GL and 63 with n-GL were included in the study. GL lesions were predominantly white (93%) though n-GL leukoplakia had red (speckled) foci in 26%. Eighty percent of GL were seen in association with prosthesis or restorations. There were no significant differences by age or in tobacco and alcohol use in the two groups. Metal allergy test was positive in 58% of the GL but was not significantly higher compared to the n-GL (41%). Histopathological features showed that inflammatory cell infiltrate was predominant in n-GL group ( p = 0.021). Higher dysplasia grades were also found in n-GL ( p = 0.018). During follow-up, nine oral cancers (14%) were detected in n-GL group and among GL cases four developed oral carcinomas (5%) ( p = 0.043). Cox hazard regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for age and sex, GL group was found to have a lower malignant risk, with a hazard ratio of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.51–1.04) when compared to n-GL. Conclusions: GL was more benign compared to n-GL in Japanese subjects, though risk factors appear similar. Further study is warranted to ascertain whether trauma may play an important role for hyperkeratinization of gingival tissues and possible evolution of GL to proliferative verrucous leukoplakia in later years.
A protocol for a systematic review of clinical guidelines and published systematic reviews on the early detection of oral cancer
Authors: Al Bulushi Naeema M , Macpherson Lorna MD , Worlledge-Andrew Heather , Gibson John , Ross Alastair J , Conway David I 
Published: August 2016

Background: The predicted increase in incidence of oral cavity cancer (OCC) coupled with high mortality and poor prognosis – particularly when diagnosed at a late/advanced stage – highlights the need for prevention and early detection/screening to reverse these trends. Dental healthcare professionals in primary care settings have a pivotal role in this effort. Aim: The aim of this protocol is to detail the process for assessing the evidence for the best practice and methods of early detection/screening for OCC in primary care dental settings by undertaking a systematic review of global clinical guidelines and published systematic reviews. Method: Searches for clinical guidelines and systematic reviews will be conducted in the following databases: Cochrane library, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Ovid), Excerpta Medical dataBASE, PubMed, Turning Research into Practice, SCOPUS and Web of Science Core Collection. Our search will extend to include Google Scholar and international professional organizations/associations websites. In addition, we will handsearch the bibliographies and undertake citation searches of the selected papers. Quality appraisal will be undertaken using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation version II instrument for the clinical guidelines and both A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews and Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews tools for the systematic reviews. A narrative synthesis approach will be used to assess the evidence of extracted data, primarily taking account of quality appraisal and recency of publication. Discussion: The synthesis of evidence will determine best practice for OCC early detection/screening by primary care dental healthcare professionals and will evaluate the relationship between clinical guidelines and the evidence base available from systematic reviews in this area.
Targeting FLT3-ITD signaling mediates ceramide-dependent mitophagy and attenuates drug resistance in AML
Authors: Dany Mohammed , Gencer Salih , Nganga Rose , Thomas Raquela J. , Oleinik Natalia , Baron Kyla D. , Szulc Zdzislaw M. , Ruvolo Peter , Kornblau Steven , Andreeff Michael , Ogretmen Besim 
Published: August 2016

Key Points
FLT3-ITD mutations suppress ceramide generation, and FLT3-ITD inhibition mediates ceramide-dependent mitophagy, leading to AML cell death. Alteration of mitochondrial ceramide prevents mitophagy, resulting in resistance to FLT3-ITD inhibition which is attenuated by LCL-461.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Knowledge, attitude
and practices in relation to prevention and control of schistosomiasis infection in
Mwea Kirinyaga county, Kenya
Authors: Mwai J , Njenga S , Barasa M 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background
Schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in Kenya.
Inadequate knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on causative factors are some
of the critical factors for the increased prevalence. The study assessed KAP on
the control and prevention of schistosomiasis infection in Mwea division,
Kirinyaga County-Kenya. Four hundred and sixty five house-hold heads were enrolled
in this study by use of simple random sampling technique.

Methods
The study employed an analytical descriptive cross sectional design
utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. A pretested
structured questionnaire, Focus Group Discusions (FGDs) and Key Informant
Interviews (KII) guides were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and
Chi square tests and Fisher’s exact tests were computed where applicable. Data
from the FGDs and KIIs were analyzed using NUID.IST NUIRO.6 software.

Results
Significant associations between knowledge and demographic factors
i.e. age (p = 0.011), education level
(p = 0.046), were reported. Handwashing after
visiting the toilet (p = 0.001), having a
toilet facility at home (p = 0.014); raring
animals at home (p = 0.031), households being
affected by floods (p = 0.005) and frequency of
visits to the paddies (p = 0.037) had a
significant association with respondents practices and schistosomiasis infection.
Further significance was reported on households being affected by floods during
the rainy season (p < 0.001), sources of
water in a household (p < 0.047) and having
a temporary water body in the area (p = 0.024)
with increase in schistosomiasis infection. Results revealed that respondents
practices were not significantly associated with gender (p = 0.060), marital status (p = 0.71), wearing of protective gear (p = 0.142) and working on the paddies (p = 0.144).

Conclusions
This study reveals that knowledge about the cause, transmission,
symptoms and prevention of schistosomiasis among the Mwea population was
inadequate, and that this could be a challenging obstacle to the elimination of
schistosomiasis in these communities. Due to various dominant risk factors,
different control strategies should be designed. Therefore, there is a need for
integrated control programme to have a lasting impact on transmission of
schistosomiasis infection. Control programs like mass drug administration need to
go beyond anti-helminthic treatment and that there is a need of a more
comprehensive approach including access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene.
School and community-based health education is also imperative among these
communities to significantly reduce the transmission and morbidity from
schistosomiasis.
Collecting clinical data in primary ciliary dyskinesia- challenges and opportunities
Authors: Amirav Israel , Roduta Roberts Mary , Mussaffi Huda , Mandelberg Avigdor , Roth Yehudah , Abitbul Revital , Luder Anthony , Blau Hannah , Alkrinawi Soliman , Aviram Micha , Ben-Ami Marta , Rotschild Moshe , Bentur Lea , Shoseyov David , Cohen-Cymberknoh Malena , Kerem Eitan , Avital Avraham , Springer Chaim , Hevroni Avigdor , Dabbah Husein , Elizur Arnon , Picard Elie , Goldberg Shmuel , Rivlin Joseph , Livnat Galit , Lavie Moran , Alias Nael , Soferman Ruth , Olbrich Heike , Raidt Johanna , Wallmeier Julia , Werner Claudius , Loges Niki T. , Omran Heymut 
Published: August 2016

Rationale: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is under diagnosed and underestimated. Most clinical research has used some form of questionnaires to capture data but none has been critically evaluated particularly with respect to its end-user feasibility and utility. Objective: To critically appraise a clinical data collection questionnaire for PCD used in a large national PCD consortium in order to apply conclusions in future PCD research. Methods: We describe the development, validation and revision process of a clinical questionnaire for PCD and its evaluation during a national clinical PCD study with respect to data collection and analysis, initial completion rates and user feedback. Results: 14 centers participating in the consortium successfully completed the revised version of the questionnaire for 173 patients with various completion rates for various items. While content and internal consistency analysis demonstrated validity, there were methodological deficiencies impacting completion rates and end-user utility. These deficiencies were addressed resulting in a more valid questionnaire. Conclusions: Our experience may be useful for future clinical research in PCD. Based on the feedback collected on the questionnaire through analysis of completion rates, judgmental analysis of the content, and feedback from experts and end users, we suggest a practicable framework for development of similar tools for various future PCD research.
Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages
Authors: Janssens Julie , Meiners Klaus M. , Tison Jean-Louis , Dieckmann Gerhard , Delille Bruno , Lannuzel Delphine 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This study reports concentrations of iron (Fe) and organic matter in young Antarctic pack ice and during its initial growth stages in situ. Although the importance of sea ice as an Fe reservoir for oceanic waters of the Southern Ocean has been clearly established, the processes leading to the enrichment of Fe in sea ice have yet to be investigated and quantified. We conducted two in situ sea-ice growth experiments during a winter cruise in the Weddell Sea. Our aim was to improve the understanding of the processes responsible for the accumulation of dissolved Fe (DFe) and particulate Fe (PFe) in sea ice, and of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, extracellular polymeric substances, inorganic macro-nutrients (silicic acid, nitrate and nitrite, phosphate and ammonium), chlorophyll a and bacteria. Enrichment indices, calculated for natural young ice and ice newly formed in situ, indicate that during Antarctic winter all of the measured forms of particulate matter were enriched in sea ice compared to underlying seawater, and that enrichment started from the initial stages of sea-ice formation. Some dissolved material (DFe and ammonium) was also enriched in the ice but at lower enrichment indices than the particulate phase, suggesting that size is a key factor for the incorporation of impurities in sea ice. Low chlorophyll a concentrations and the fit of the macro-nutrients (with the exception of ammonium) with their theoretical dilution lines indicated low biological activity in the ice. From these and additional results we conclude that physical processes are the dominant mechanisms leading to the enrichment of DFe, PFe, organic matter and bacteria in young sea ice, and that PFe and DFe are decoupled during sea-ice formation. Our study thus provides unique quantitative insight into the initial incorporation of impurities, in particular DFe and PFe, into Antarctic sea ice.
A Nanoparticle-Lectin Immunoassay Improves Discrimination of Serum CA125 from Malignant and Benign Sources
Authors: Gidwani Kamlesh , Huhtinen Kaisa , Kekki Henna , van Vliet Sandra , Hynninen Johanna , Koivuviita Niina , Perheentupa Antti , Poutanen Matti , Auranen Annika , Grenman Seija , Lamminmäki Urpo , Carpen Olli , van Kooyk Yvette , Pettersson Kim 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Measurement of serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is the standard approach for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) diagnostics and follow-up. However, the clinical specificity is not optimal because increased values are also detected in healthy controls and in benign diseases. CA125 is known to be differentially glycosylated in EOC, potentially offering a way to construct CA125 assays with improved cancer specificity. Our goal was to identify carbohydrate-reactive lectins for discriminating between CA125 originating from EOC and noncancerous sources.

METHODS
CA125 from the OVCAR-3 cancer cell line, placental homogenate, and ascites fluid from patients with cirrhosis were captured on anti-CA125 antibody immobilized on microtitration wells. A panel of lectins, each coated onto fluorescent europium-chelate–doped 97-nm nanoparticles (Eu+3-NPs), was tested for detection of the immobilized CA125. Serum samples from high-grade serous EOC or patients with endometriosis and healthy controls were analyzed.

RESULTS
By using macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL)-coated Eu+3-NPs, an analytically sensitive CA125 assay (CA125MGL) was achieved that specifically recognized the CA125 isoform produced by EOC, whereas the recognition of CA125 from nonmalignant conditions was reduced. Serum CA125MGL measurement better discriminated patients with EOC from endometriosis compared to conventional immunoassay. The discrimination was particularly improved for marginally increased CA125 values and for earlier detection of EOC progression.

CONCLUSIONS
The new CA125MGL assay concept could help reduce the false-positive rates of conventional CA125 immunoassays. The improved analytical specificity of this test approach is dependent on a discriminating lectin immobilized in large numbers on Eu+3-NPs, providing both an avidity effect and signal amplification.