bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Assessment of ultrasound guided peripheral nerve block practice adherence, cross-sectional study’
Authors: Alemu Eniyew A. , Tawuye Hailu Y. , Fentie Demeke Y. , Ferede Yonas Admasu 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Peripheral nerve block is a common way of providing anesthesia and analgesia to the intended area of innervation by a single or plexus supply of nerves by a local anesthetic drug in different ways. The aim of this study was to enhance the practice of ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve anesthesia and analgesia in our operation theater accordance with standards.

Method:
This study was cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in a comprehensive specialized hospital in Ethiopia between 1 March 2023 and 30 March 2023. Patients who receive ultra-sounded guided anesthesia and analgesia in surgical and obstetric operation rooms were included. Data were collected by direct observation using a standardized checklist prepared from the recommendations of the New York Society of Regional Anesthesia (NYSORA) and literature. The data were collected prospectively before, during, and after administering ultra-sound-guided regional anesthesia or analgesia. The data was analyzed using SPSS 25.

Result:
The overall adherence to the safe and effective practice of using ultrasound for regional block use was 88.1%, with assessment of parameters such as optimizing sonoanatomy of visualization (98.7%), optimizing needle imaging with ultrasound (76.8%), safe needle guidance with ultrasound practice (76.8%), optimizing the delivery of local anesthetic near the target nerve (100%), and sensory block was (75%) before skin incision, (60%) before PACU transfer, immediately motor block after local anesthesia administration (52.5%) before skin incision and 2.5% immediate PACU transfer.

Conclusion and recommendation:
Ultrasound-guided regional anesthetic has been demonstrated to be helpful in managing pain during and after surgery. Although utilizing ultrasound in conjunction with nerve blocks has been shown to be safe, the authors advise using a peripheral nerve stimulator combination with ultrasound. Hydro-dissection is a more effective way to block a nerve block and provide the greatest anatomical delineation.
Effect of different covering methods of inflatable heating blanket on the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia in patients undergoing photoselective vaporization of the prostate
Authors: Ju Yu , Wang Tao , Zhang Wei , Wang Shuai , Han Xiaohong , Yu Lijuan 
Published: September 2024

Background and purpose:
The use of lavage fluid during photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) may result in perioperative hypothermia. Inflatable warming blankets was used to prevent intraoperative hypothermia (IPH). The authors aimed to evaluate the warming blanket placing above or beneath the patients’ body on IPH in PVP.

Method:
Sixty patients undergoing PVP were randomized into two groups (Underneath group or Above group, with the heating blanket placed beneath or above their body). Nasopharyngeal temperature was measured as core body temperature. The patient’s temperature was recorded at the time of anesthesia induction (T0), at 15 (T15), 30 (T30), 45 (T45), 60 (T60), and 75 min (T75) during surgery. The duration of operation, the volume of intraoperative fluid irrigation, occurrence of postoperative hypothermia, and chills were also documented.

Results:
Forty-five minutes after the initiation of warming blanket application, a decrease in body temperature was observed in both groups. The lowest temperature in the Underneath group was 35.81°C±0.17°C at T60. At time points T30, T45, T60, and T75, patients’ body temperature of the Above group was significantly higher than that of the Underneath group (P<0.05). The incidence of IPH was higher in the Underneath group (P<0.05). Postoperative chills were reported in seven patients from the Underneath group and three patients from the Above group (P>0.05).

Discussion and conclusion:
In patients receiving PVP placing the heating warming blanket above patients seems to be a more effective approach to decrease the occurrence of postoperative hypothermia.
Visual assessments of 11C-Pittsburgh compound-B PET vs. 18F-flutemetamol PET across the age spectrum
Authors: Zeydan Burcu , Johnson Derek R. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Przybelski Scott A. , Lesnick Timothy G. , Senjem Matthew L. , Kantarci Orhun H. , Min Paul H. , Kemp Bradley J. , Jack Clifford R. , Kantarci Kejal , Lowe Val J. 
Published: September 2024

Objective
Visual assessments of amyloid-β PET, used for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis and treatment evaluation, require a careful approach when different PET ligands are utilized. Because the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) ligand bindings vary with age, the objective was to investigate the agreement between visual reads of 11C- and 18F-PET scans.

Methods
Cognitively unimpaired (CU) younger adults (N = 30; 39.5 ± 6.0 years), CU older adults (N = 30; 68.6 ± 5.9 years), and adults with AD (N = 22; 67.0 ± 8.5 years) underwent brain MRI, 11C-Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB)-PET, and 18F-flutemetamol-PET. Amyloid-β deposition was assessed visually by two nuclear medicine specialists on 11C-PiB-PET and 18F-flutemetamol-PET, and quantitatively by PET centiloids.

Results
Seventy-two 11C-PiB-PET and 18F-flutemetamol-PET visual reads were concordant. However, 1 18F-flutemetamol-PET and 9 11C-PiB-PET were discordant with quantitative values. In four additional cases, while 11C-PiB-PET and 18F-flutemetamol-PET visual reads were concordant, they were discordant with quantitative values. Disagreements in CU younger adults were only with 11C-PiB-PET visual reads. The remaining disagreements were with CU older adults.

Conclusion
Age, GM/WM binding, amyloid-β load, and disease severity may affect visual assessments of PET ligands. Increase in WM binding with age causes a loss of contrast between GM and WM on 11C-PiB-PET, particularly in CU younger adults, leading to false positivity. In CU older adults, increased WM signal may bleed more into cortical regions, hiding subtle cortical uptake, especially with 18F-flutemetamol, whereas 11C-PiB can detect true regional positivity. Understanding these differences will improve patient care and treatment evaluation in clinic and clinical trials.
How Can Nursing Faculty Create Case Studies Using AI and Educational Technology?
Authors: Silvestri-Elmore Angela , Burton Candace 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Applying artificial intelligence (AI) technology to the development of unfolding case studies in nursing education can reduce barriers to implementation of this educational strategy.

Problem:
Unfolding case studies are effective for improving nursing student outcomes related to clinical judgment skills, but these are often time consuming and difficult to develop.

Approach:
This article describes the use of AI in developing case studies for nursing education.

Outcomes:
Both students and faculty found case studies developed using an AI platform to be effective learning tools, and faculty especially found that using this platform greatly reduced the time required to develop cases.

Conclusion:
The use of AI to support development of unfolding case studies is an innovation that allows flexibility for faculty as well as improving student outcomes in practice domains that may otherwise be difficult to target.
Moderate-severe peripheral neuropathy in diabetes associated with an increased risk of dry eye disease
Authors: Tummanapalli Shyam Sunder , Wang Leiao Leon , Dhanapalaratnam Roshan , Poynten Ann , Papas Eric B. , Krishnan Arun Vishwanathan , Markoulli Maria 
Published: September 2024

SIGNIFICANCE
This study establishes an increased risk of developing dry eye disease (DED) in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy using validated diagnostic criteria for both conditions.

PURPOSE
The disruption of ocular surface homeostasis has been associated with diabetes. However, it remains unclear if this association is independently influenced by peripheral neuropathy secondary to diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the clinical signs and symptoms of DED and their association with the severity of peripheral neuropathy in participants with type 2 diabetes.

METHODS
This prospective cross-sectional study recruited 63 participants with type 2 diabetes. All participants underwent a detailed assessment of DED using dry eye questionnaires (Ocular Surface Disease Index, Dry Eye Questionnaire-5), tear osmolarity, lipid layer thickness, noninvasive keratographic tear breakup time, phenol red thread test (PRT), and ocular surface staining. Corneal nerve morphology was imaged using corneal confocal microscopy. Based on the Total Neuropathy Scale, participants were stratified into no/mild (n = 48) and moderate/severe (n = 15) neuropathy groups.

RESULTS
Dry eye disease was diagnosed in 31 participants (50%) of the total cohort, and the odds of developing DED in the moderate/severe neuropathy group were four times (95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 13.80; p=0.030) higher compared with the no/mild neuropathy group. The Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 scores were significantly higher (p=0.020), and PRT values (p=0.048) and corneal nerve fiber length (p<0.001) were significantly reduced in the moderate/severe neuropathy group compared with the no/mild neuropathy group. In regression analysis, neuropathy scores were independently associated with PRT measurements (β = −0.333, p=0.023) and nerve fiber length (β = −0.219, p=0.012) while adjusting for age, gender, hemoglobin A1c, and duration of diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy have a risk of developing DED, which increases with the severity of neuropathy. The observation that worsening peripheral neuropathy is associated with reduced tear secretion suggests that it may contribute to aqueous insufficiency.
Detection of Pulmonary Nodules on Ultra-low Dose Chest Computed Tomography With Deep-learning Image Reconstruction Algorithm
Authors: Bocquet Wesley , Bouzerar Roger , François Géraldine , Leleu Antoine , Renard Cédric 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the accuracy of ultra-low dose (ULD) chest computed tomography (CT), with a radiation exposure equivalent to a 2-view chest x-ray, for pulmonary nodule detection using deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR).

Material and Methods:
This prospective cross-sectional study included 60 patients referred to our institution for assessment or follow-up of solid pulmonary nodules. All patients underwent low-dose (LD) and ULD chest CT within the same examination session. LD CT data were reconstructed using Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction-V (ASIR-V), whereas ULD CT data were reconstructed using DLIR and ASIR-V. ULD CT images were reviewed by 2 readers and LD CT images were reviewed by an experienced thoracic radiologist as the reference standard. Quantitative image quality analysis was performed, and the detectability of pulmonary nodules was assessed according to their size and location.

Results:
The effective radiation dose for ULD CT and LD CT were 0.13±0.01 and 1.16±0.6 mSv, respectively. Over the whole population, LD CT revealed 733 nodules. At ULD, DLIR images significantly exhibited better image quality than ASIR-V images. The overall sensitivity of DLIR reconstruction for the detection of solid pulmonary nodules from the ULD CT series was 93% and 82% for the 2 readers, with a good to excellent agreement with LD CT (ICC=0.82 and 0.66, respectively). The best sensitivities were observed in the middle lobe (97% and 85%, respectively).

Conclusions:
At ULD, DLIR reconstructions, with minimal radiation exposure that could facilitate large-scale screening, allow the detection of pulmonary nodules with high sensitivity in an unrestricted BMI population.
Improvement of myocardial fibrosis injury by Shengmai injection in ischemia-induced heart failure in a rat model
Authors: Ding Yurong , Wei Junying , Ji Enhui , Wang Menglan , Wu Yue , Chang Mengli , Zhang Yi , Xu Jing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major contributor to HF. Shengmai injection (SMI) has exhibited protective efficacy in preventing HF. However, the advantages of SMI in the progression of MI-induced HF remain unclear.

Objective
To reveal the advantages of SMI in the progression of MI-induced HF.

Methods
The differently expressed proteins in rat models with ischemia at the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days were obtained from PubMed. The “compound-target” network of SMI was constructed via the Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine database. The protein-protein interaction relationship was constructed, and biological function was applied to evaluate the advantage effect of SMI in the progression of MI-induced HF. In addition, the prediction results were validated in rats with left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. The cardiac function and heart performance were observed via echocardiography, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Masson staining, and the levels of procollagen type I carboxy-terminal propeptide, recombinant versican (VCAN), and collagen 1A1 (COL1A1) were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in rat plasma. In vitro, H9c2 cells were treated with Angiotensin II (Ang II), and the cell viability, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+, and the expression of ANP and connective tissue growth factor were evaluated. Furthermore, the schizandrin A was identified as one of the possible key compounds. After schizandrin A treatment, the level of ROS and Ca2+ and the expression of COL1A1 and VCAN were evaluated.

Results
There were 189 compounds and 1612 targets involved in the “compound-target” network, and an interaction relationship was constructed. According to the top subnetwork, the Gene Ontology annotation revealed that SMI may have an antifibrotic and cardiac protective effect against MI-induced HF. In rats, SMI increased ejection fraction, left ventricular fractional shortening, and cardiac output and decreased fibrosis injury; moreover, SMI decreased the levels of procollagen type I carboxy-terminal propeptide, VCAN, and COL1A1 within 35 days. When compared with the Ang II treatment group, SMI increased cell viability and decreased cellular calcium concentration, ROS generation, and the expression of ANP and connective tissue growth factor in vitro. Furthermore, schizandrin A was discovered to be a possible compound in myocardial protection. Schizandrin A increased cell viability after Ang II treatment while decreasing COL1A1 and VCAN levels.

Conclusions
This method demonstrates that SMI has an antifibrotic effect. This study provides a promising perspective on translating omics data to clinical applications, as well as an appealing approach to investigating the precise intervention of a multicomponent drug.
Analysis of the distribution of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus in Inner Mongolia under climate change using the GEE platform
Authors: Guo Jingxia , Zhang Chunhong , Zhang Mingxu , Bi Yaqiong , Wang Mengchao , Li Minhui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Astragali Radix, commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, is subjected to an analysis of the habitat distribution of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China under climate change. This analysis is crucial for the conservation of medicinal plants, the assessment of their adaptability to climate change, and the promotion of sustainable development in the ecological environment.

Methods
This study explores the currently suitable habitats for A. membranaceus var. mongholicus using a random forest species distribution model on the Google earth engine platform. Based on future climate data, the study predicts distribution dynamics for 4 time periods (2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080, and 2081–2100) under three climate change scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585).

Results
The results indicate that under current climatic conditions, the suitable habitat distribution of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus is mainly concentrated in the southwestern region of Inner Mongolia. Under future climate change scenarios, there is a varying degree of contraction in suitable habitats, with notable reductions. Particularly, under the SSP126 scenario (2081–2100), there is a significant decrease of 22.77% in suitable habitat. The SSP245 scenario (2041–2060) exhibits the most pronounced habitat loss, with a reduction of 36.38%. Additionally, with climate change, the overall suitable range of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus is expected to shift toward higher latitudes and contract.

Conclusion
This study can be used to improve conservation efforts for wild A. membranaceus var. mongholicus. It also provides a scientific basis for the cultivation of this medicinal plant in the context of climate change. This, in turn, can encourage more industries to achieve both sustainable development and economic benefits, providing valuable insights for building a low-carbon economy.
The neurotrophic factor artemin and its receptor GFRα3 mediate migraine-like pain via the ion channel TRPM8
Authors: Yang Chenyu , Wei Chao , Alam Sanaa , Chen Xunyang , McKemy David D. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMigraine has a strong genetic foundation, including both monogenic and polygenic types. The former are rare, with most migraine considered polygenic, supported by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identifying numerous genetic variants associated with migraine risk. Surprisingly, some of the most common mutations are associated with TRPM8, a non-selective cation channel that is the primary sensor of cold temperatures in primary afferent neurons of the somatosensory system. However, it is unlikely that the temperature sensitivity of TRPM8 underlies its role in migraine pathogenesis. To define the basis of the channel’s involvement, we reasoned that cellular processes that increase cold sensitivity in the skin, such as the neurotrophic factor artemin, via its receptor GFRα3, also mediate TRPM8-associated migraine-like pain in the meninges.MethodsTo investigate the role of artemin and GFRα3 in preclinical rodent migraine models, we infused nitroglycerin acutely and chronically, and measured changes in periorbital and hind paw mechanical sensitivity in male and female mice lacking GFRα3, after neutralization of free artemin with specific monoclonal antibodies, or by systemic treatment with a TRPM8-specific antagonist. Further, in wildtypes and mice lacking either GFRα3 or TRPM8, we tested the effects of supradural infusions of a mix of inflammatory mediators, artemin, and a TRPM8-specific agonist on migraine-related pain in mice.ResultsWe find that mechanical allodynia induced by systemic nitroglycerin, or supradural infusion of inflammatory mediators, involves GFRα3. In addition, neutralization of circulating artemin reduces the nitroglycerin phenotype, demonstrating the importance of this neurotrophic pathway. Further, we show TRPM8 expression in the meninges and that direct supradural infusion of either a TRPM8-specific agonist or artemin itself produces mechanical allodynia, the latter dependent on TRPM8 and ameliorated by concurrent treatment with sumatriptan.ConclusionsThese results indicate that neuroinflammatory events in the meninges can produce migraine-like pain in mice via artemin and GFRα3, likely acting upstream of TRPM8, providing a novel pathway that may contribute to migraine pathogenesis.
Inkjet-printed graphene multielectrode arrays: an accessible platform forin vitrocardiac electrophysiology
Authors: Lumpuy-Castillo Jairo , Fu Yujie , Ávila Alan , Solodka Kateryna , Li Jiantong , Lorenzo Oscar , Zeglio Erica , Garma Leonardo D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn vitromodels have now become a realistic alternative to animal models for cardiotoxicity assessment. However, the cost and expertise required to implementin vitroelectrophysiology systems to study cardiac cells poses a strong obstacle to their widespread use. This study presents a novel, cost-effective approach forin vitrocardiac electrophysiology using fully-printed graphene-based microelectrode arrays (pGMEAs) coupled with an open-source signal acquisition system. We characterized the pGMEAs’ electrical properties and biocompatibility, observing low impedance values and cell viability. We demonstrated the platform’s capability to record spontaneous electrophysiological activity from HL-1 cell cultures, and we monitored and quantified their responses to chemical stimulation with noradrenaline. This study demonstrates the feasibility of producing fully-printed, graphene-based devices forin vitroelectrophysiology. The accessible and versatile platform we present here represents a step further in the development of alternative methods for cardiac safety screening.
Molecular basis of the urate transporter URAT1 inhibition by gout drugs
Authors: Suo Yang , Fedor Justin G. , Zhang Han , Tsolova Kalina , Shi Xiaoyu , Sharma Kedar , Kumari Shweta , Borgnia Mario , Zhan Peng , Im Wonpil , Lee Seok-Yong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHyperuricemia is a condition when uric acid, a waste product of purine metabolism, accumulates in the blood1. Untreated hyperuricemia can lead to crystal formation of monosodium urate in the joints, causing a painful inflammatory disease known as gout. These conditions are associated with many other diseases and affect a significant and increasing proportion of the population2–4. The human urate transporter 1 (URAT1) is responsible for the reabsorption of ∼90% of uric acid in the kidneys back into the blood, making it a primary target for treating hyperuricemia and gout5. Despite decades of research and development, clinically available URAT1 inhibitors have limitations because the molecular basis of URAT1 inhibition by gout drugs remains unknown5. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of URAT1 alone and in complex with three clinically relevant inhibitors: benzbromarone, lesinurad, and the novel compound TD-3. Together with functional experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that these inhibitors bind selectively to URAT1 in inward-open states. Furthermore, we discover differences in the inhibitor dependent URAT1 conformations as well as interaction networks, which contribute to drug specificity. Our findings illuminate a general theme for URAT1 inhibition, paving the way for the design of next-generation URAT1 inhibitors in the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia.