bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fishway passage success for migratory rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax is not dictated by behavioural type
Authors: Landsman S. J. , Wilson A. D. M. , Cooke S. J. , van den Heuvel M. R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecent research has demonstrated that an individual's behavioural decisions can have a profound impact on an animal's fitness. For anadromous fishes requiring access to spawning habitat above obstructions, successful passage at fishways may at least in part be a function of an individual's behavioural type. The objectives of this study were to determine whether distinct behavioural types—bold and shy—could be distinguished within a population of anadromous rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and, if so, whether passage success at a nature‐like fishway varied relative to behavioural type. Field‐caught rainbow smelt were tested for individual differences in boldness (i.e., willingness to engage in risk‐taking behaviour) using the metrics of exploratory behaviour, general activity, and response to a simulated predator. After testing, 276 rainbow smelt were implanted with a passive integrated transponder tag, released below the fishway, and their movements monitored via a stationary antenna array. The results of our behavioural assays indicated the presence of a behavioural syndrome among rainbow smelt, and that behaviour was partially repeatable. In total, 41.7% of fish entering the fishway passed successfully, but contrary to our initial prediction, boldness was not a significant predictor of successful passage. Instead, increasing water temperature and decreasing river discharge were consistent predictors of successful passage and greater distances moved through the fishway. Our findings indicate that the nature‐like fishway did not select for a particular behavioural type and that individuals representing the spectrum of bold–shy behavioural types could pass.
Learning and memory effects of neonatal methamphetamine exposure in rats: Role of reactive oxygen species and age at assessment
Authors: Jablonski Sarah A. , Williams Michael T. , Vorhees Charles V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn utero methamphetamine (MA) exposure leads to a range of adverse effects, such as decreased attention, reduced working‐memory capability, behavioral dysregulation, and spatial memory impairments in exposed children. In the current experiment, preweaning Sprague‐Dawley rats—as a model of third trimester human exposure—were administered the spin trapping agent, N‐tert‐butyl‐α‐phenylnitrone (PBN), daily prior to MA. Rats were given 0 (SAL) or 40 mg/kg PBN prior to each MA dose (10 mg/kg, 4× per day) from postnatal day (P) 6–15. Littermates underwent Cincinnati water maze, Morris water maze, and radial water maze assessment beginning on P30 (males) or P60 (females). Males were also tested for conditioned contextual and cued freezing, while females were trained in passive avoidance. Findings show that, regardless of age/sex, neonatal MA induced deficits in all tests, except passive avoidance. PBN did not ameliorate these effects, but had a few minor effects. Taken together, MA induced learning deficits emerge early and persist, but the mechanism remains unknown.
Incremental dynamic analysis of seismic collapse of super‐tall building structures
Authors: Huang Tiancan , Ren Xiaodan , Li Jie 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIn the present work, the incremental dynamic analysis is performed for the super‐tall building structure of ZhongNan Center, which is more than 700 m high and is currently under construction in Suzhou, China. The Chi‐Chi earthquake record is used as the ground motion input. The peak ground accelerations are scaled to five levels including 0.2 g, 0.4 g, 0.8 g, 1.4 g, and 2.0 g. The plastic damage model is adopted to represent the material failure. The finite element model is developed by using fiber beam elements for beam‐columns and laminated shell elements for shear walls and slabs. Under the attack of strong seismic ground motions, the super tall structure experiences overall collapse, which is well captured by the developed finite element model. More importantly, the collapse patterns of the super tall structure are rather different under the excitations of earthquake records with same wave pattern but different peak accelerations.
Diet quality indices in relation to metabolic syndrome in an Indigenous Cree (Eeyouch) population in northern Québec, Canada
Authors: Lavigne-Robichaud Mathilde , Moubarac Jean-Claude , Lantagne-Lopez Stéfanie , Johnson-Down Louise , Batal Malek , Laouan Sidi Elhadji A , Lucas Michel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess associations between three diet quality indices and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Cree (Eeyouch) of northern Québec, Canada, as well as to evaluate their pertinence in this Indigenous context.DesignThe alternative-Healthy Eating Index 2010 (aHEI-2010), the Food Quality Score (FQS) and the contribution of ultra-processed products (UPP) to total daily dietary energy intake using the NOVA classification were calculated from 24 h food recalls. MetS was determined with the latest harmonized definition. Logistic regressions assessed the relationship between quintiles of dietary quality scores with MetS and its components.SettingStudy sample from the 2005–2009 cross-sectionalNituuchischaayihititaau AschiiEnvironment-and-Health Study.SubjectsEeyouch (n811) from seven James Bay communities (≥18 years old).ResultsMetS prevalence was 56·6 % with 95·4 % abdominal adiposity, 50·1 % elevated fasting plasma glucose, 43·4 % hypertension, 38·6 % elevated TAG and 44·5 % reduced HDL cholesterol. Comparing highest and lowest quintiles of scores, adjusted OR (95 % CI) of MetS was 0·70 (0·39, 1·08;P-trend=0·05) for aHEI-2010, 1·06 (0·63, 1·76;P-trend=0·87) for FQS and 1·90 (1·14, 3·17;P-trend=0·04) for the contribution of UPP to total daily dietary energy intake.ConclusionsAlthough diet quality indices have been associated with cardiometabolic risk, only the dietary intake of UPP was significantly associated with MetS in the Eeyouch. Indices tailored to the food environment of northern communities are essential to further understand the impact of diet quality in this context.
Thermodynamic stability of ligand-protected metal nanoclusters
Authors: Taylor Michael G. , Mpourmpakis Giannis 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDespite the great advances in synthesis and structural determination of atomically precise, thiolate-protected metal nanoclusters, our understanding of the driving forces for their colloidal stabilization is very limited. Currently there is a lack of models able to describe the thermodynamic stability of these ‘magic-number’ colloidal nanoclusters as a function of their atomic-level structural characteristics. Herein, we introduce the thermodynamic stability theory, derived from first principles, which is able to address stability of thiolate-protected metal nanoclusters as a function of the number of metal core atoms and thiolates on the nanocluster shell. Surprisingly, we reveal a fine energy balance between the core cohesive energy and the shell-to-core binding energy that appears to drive nanocluster stabilization. Our theory applies to both charged and neutral systems and captures a large number of experimental observations. Importantly, it opens new avenues for accelerating the discovery of stable, atomically precise, colloidal metal nanoclusters.
Greening of the Sahara suppressed ENSO activity during the mid-Holocene
Authors: Pausata Francesco S. R. , Zhang Qiong , Muschitiello Francesco , Lu Zhengyao , Chafik Léon , Niedermeyer Eva M. , Stager J. Curt , Cobb Kim M. , Liu Zhengyu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe evolution of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the Holocene remains uncertain. In particular, a host of new paleoclimate records suggest that ENSO internal variability or other external forcings may have dwarfed the fairly modest ENSO response to precessional insolation changes simulated in climate models. Here, using fully coupled ocean-atmosphere model simulations, we show that accounting for a vegetated and less dusty Sahara during the mid-Holocene relative to preindustrial climate can reduce ENSO variability by 25%, more than twice the decrease obtained using orbital forcing alone. We identify changes in tropical Atlantic mean state and variability caused by the momentous strengthening of the West Africa Monsoon (WAM) as critical factors in amplifying ENSO’s response to insolation forcing through changes in the Walker circulation. Our results thus suggest that potential changes in the WAM due to anthropogenic warming may influence ENSO variability in the future as well.
Identification of long non-coding RNAs in two anthozoan species and their possible implications for coral bleaching
Authors: Huang Chen , Morlighem Jean-Étienne R. L. , Cai Jing , Liao Qiwen , Perez Carlos Daniel , Gomes Paula Braga , Guo Min , Rádis-Baptista Gandhi , Lee Simon Ming-Yuen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play regulatory roles in a diverse range of biological processes and are associated with the outcomes of various diseases. The majority of studies about lncRNAs focus on model organisms, with lessened investigation in non-model organisms to date. Herein, we have undertaken an investigation on lncRNA in two zoanthids (cnidarian): Protolpalythoa varibilis and Palythoa caribaeorum. A total of 11,206 and 13,240 lncRNAs were detected in P. variabilis and P. caribaeorum transcriptome, respectively. Comparison using NONCODE database indicated that the majority of these lncRNAs is taxonomically species-restricted with no identifiable orthologs. Even so, we found cases in which short regions of P. caribaeorum’s lncRNAs were similar to vertebrate species’ lncRNAs, and could be associated with lncRNA conserved regulatory functions. Consequently, some high-confidence lncRNA-mRNA interactions were predicted based on such conserved regions, therefore revealing possible involvement of lncRNAs in posttranscriptional processing and regulation in anthozoans. Moreover, investigation of differentially expressed lncRNAs, in healthy colonies and colonial individuals undergoing natural bleaching, indicated that some up-regulated lncRNAs in P. caribaeorum could posttranscriptionally regulate the mRNAs encoding proteins of Ras-mediated signal transduction pathway and components of innate immune-system, which could contribute to the molecular response of coral bleaching.
Comprehensive Multi-Dimensional MRI for the Simultaneous Assessment of Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology
Authors: Cheng Joseph Y. , Zhang Tao , Alley Marcus T. , Uecker Martin , Lustig Michael , Pauly John M. , Vasanawala Shreyas S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDiagnostic testing often assesses the cardiovascular or respiratory systems in isolation, ignoring the major pathophysiologic interactions between the systems in many diseases. When both systems are assessed currently, multiple modalities are utilized in costly fashion with burdensome logistics and decreased accessibility. Thus, we have developed a new acquisition and reconstruction paradigm using the flexibility of MRI to enable a comprehensive exam from a single 5–15 min scan. We constructed a compressive-sensing approach to pseudo-randomly acquire highly subsampled, multi-dimensionally-encoded and time-stamped data from which we reconstruct volumetric cardiac and respiratory motion phases, contrast-agent dynamics, and blood flow velocity fields. The proposed method, named XD flow, is demonstrated for (a) evaluating congenital heart disease, where the impact of bulk motion is reduced in a non-sedated neonatal patient and (b) where the observation of the impact of respiration on flow is necessary for diagnostics; (c) cardiopulmonary imaging, where cardiovascular flow, function, and anatomy information is needed along with pulmonary perfusion quantification; and in (d) renal function imaging, where blood velocities and glomerular filtration rates are simultaneously measured, which highlights the generality of the technique. XD flow has the ability to improve quantification and to provide additional data for patient diagnosis for comprehensive evaluations.
Hydrogen self-diffusion in single crystal olivine and electrical conductivity of the Earth’s mantle
Authors: Novella Davide , Jacobsen Benjamin , Weber Peter K. , Tyburczy James A. , Ryerson Frederick J. , Du Frane Wyatt L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNominally anhydrous minerals formed deep in the mantle and transported to the Earth’s surface contain tens to hundreds of ppm wt H2O, providing evidence for the presence of dissolved water in the Earth’s interior. Even at these low concentrations, H2O greatly affects the physico-chemical properties of mantle materials, governing planetary dynamics and evolution. The diffusion of hydrogen (H) controls the transport of H2O in the Earth’s upper mantle, but is not fully understood for olivine ((Mg, Fe)2SiO4) the most abundant mineral in this region. Here we present new hydrogen self-diffusion coefficients in natural olivine single crystals that were determined at upper mantle conditions (2 GPa and 750–900 °C). Hydrogen self-diffusion is highly anisotropic, with values at 900 °C of 10−10.9, 10−12.8 and 10−11.9 m2/s along [100], [010] and [001] directions, respectively. Combined with the Nernst-Einstein relation, these diffusion results constrain the contribution of H to the electrical conductivity of olivine to be σH = 102.12S/m·CH2O·exp−187kJ/mol/(RT). Comparisons between the model presented in this study and magnetotelluric measurements suggest that plausible H2O concentrations in the upper mantle (≤250 ppm wt) can account for high electrical conductivity values (10−2–10−1 S/m) observed in the asthenosphere.
Modulation of Interleukin-12 activity in the presence of heparin
Authors: Jayanthi Srinivas , Koppolu Bhanu prasanth , Nguyen Khue G. , Smith Sean G. , Felber Barbara K. , Kumar Thallapuranam Krishnaswamy Suresh , Zaharoff David A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs), especially heparin and heparan sulfate (HS), modulate the functions of numerous cytokines. The aims of this multidisciplinary research were to characterize heparin binding to interleukin-12 (IL-12) and determine the mechanism(s) by which heparin influences IL-12 bioactivity. Heparin and HS were found to bind human IL-12 (hIL-12) with low micromolar affinity and increase hIL-12 bioactivity by more than 6-fold. Conversely, other GAGs did not demonstrate significant binding, nor did their addition affect hIL-12 bioactivity. Biophysical studies demonstrated that heparin induced only minor conformational changes while size-exclusion chromatography and small angle X-ray scattering studies indicated that heparin induced dimerization of hIL-12. Heparin modestly protected hIL-12 from proteolytic degradation, however, this was not a likely mechanism for increased cytokine activityin vitro. Flow cytometry studies revealed that heparin increased the amount of hIL-12 bound to cell surfaces. Heparin also facilitated hIL-12 binding and signaling in cells in which both hIL-12 receptor subunits were functionally deleted. Results of this study demonstrate a new role for heparin in modulating the biological activity of IL-12.
The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro
Authors: Morales-García Jose A. , de la Fuente Revenga Mario , Alonso-Gil Sandra , Rodríguez-Franco María Isabel , Feilding Amanda , Perez-Castillo Ana , Riba Jordi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBanisteriopsis caapi is the basic ingredient of ayahuasca, a psychotropic plant tea used in the Amazon for ritual and medicinal purposes, and by interested individuals worldwide. Animal studies and recent clinical research suggests that B. caapi preparations show antidepressant activity, a therapeutic effect that has been linked to hippocampal neurogenesis. Here we report that harmine, tetrahydroharmine and harmaline, the three main alkaloids present in B. caapi, and the harmine metabolite harmol, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro. In neurospheres prepared from progenitor cells obtained from the subventricular and the subgranular zones of adult mice brains, all compounds stimulated neural stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation into adult neurons. These findings suggest that modulation of brain plasticity could be a major contribution to the antidepressant effects of ayahuasca. They also expand the potential application of B. caapi alkaloids to other brain disorders that may benefit from stimulation of endogenous neural precursor niches.
Elovanoids are novel cell-specific lipid mediators necessary for neuroprotective signaling for photoreceptor cell integrity
Authors: Jun Bokkyoo , Mukherjee Pranab K. , Asatryan Aram , Kautzmann Marie-Audrey , Heap Jessica , Gordon William C. , Bhattacharjee Surjyadipta , Yang Rong , Petasis Nicos A. , Bazan Nicolas G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) is abundant in the retina and is enzymatically converted into pro-homeostatic docosanoids. The DHA- or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived 26 carbon fatty acid is a substrate of elongase ELOVL4, which is expressed in photoreceptor cells and generates very long chain (≥C28) polyunsaturated fatty acids including n-3 (VLC-PUFAs,n-3). While ELOVL4 mutations are linked to vision loss and neuronal dysfunctions, the roles of VLC-PUFAs remain unknown. Here we report a novel class of lipid mediators biosynthesized in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that are oxygenated derivatives of VLC-PUFAs,n-3; we termed these mediators elovanoids (ELV). ELVs have structures reminiscent of docosanoids but with different physicochemical properties and alternatively-regulated biosynthetic pathways. The structures, stereochemistry, and bioactivity of ELVs were determined using synthetic materials produced by stereo-controlled chemical synthesis. ELVs enhance expression of pro-survival proteins in cells undergoing uncompensated oxidative stress. Our findings unveil a novel autocrine/paracrine pro-homeostatic RPE cell signaling that aims to sustain photoreceptor cell integrity and reveal potential therapeutic targets for retinal degenerations.
Lack of Social Support Raises Stress Vulnerability in Rats with a History of Ancestral Stress
Authors: Faraji Jamshid , Soltanpour Nabiollah , Lotfi Hamid , Moeeini Reza , Moharreri Ali-Reza , Roudaki Shabnam , Hosseini S. Abedin , Olson David M. , Abdollahi Ali-Akbar , Soltanpour Nasrin , Mohajerani Majid H. , Metz Gerlinde A. S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStress is a primary risk factor for psychiatric disorders. However, it is not fully understood why some stressed individuals are more vulnerable to psychiatric disorders than others. Here, we investigated whether multigenerational ancestral stress produces phenotypes that are sensitive to depression-like symptoms in rats. We also examined whether social isolation reveals potentially latent sensitivity to depression-like behaviours. F4 female rats born to a lineage of stressed mothers (F0-F3) received stress in adulthood while housed in pairs or alone. Social isolation during stress induced cognitive and psychomotor retardation only in rats exposed to ancestral stress. Social isolation also hampered the resilience of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to chronic stress and reduced hippocampal volume and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Thus, synergy between social isolation and stress may unmask a latent history of ancestral stress, and raises vulnerability to mental health conditions. The findings support the notion that social support critically promotes stress coping and resilience.
Efficacy and safety of taxane-based systemic chemotherapy of advanced gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Jinxin , Gao Peng , Song Yongxi , Chen Xiaowan , Li Yuan , Zhang Changwang , Wang Hongchi , Wang Zhenning 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTaxanes are chemotherapeutic agents commonly used to treat several cancers. However, the effects of taxanes on advanced gastric cancer (AGC) are still not clear, especially when used as a first-line treatment. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of taxanes as a first-line treatment of AGC. The quality of our included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs and NOS scale for nRCTs, and the data of the included studies was of satisfactory quality to analyze. The outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and toxicity. Taxanes significantly improved OS (HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.76–0.92, P = 0.0004) and had a slight effect on ORR (RR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.00–1.51, P = 0.05). However, taxanes may also increase the risks of neutropenia and leucopenia, similar to effects observed in other conventional chemotherapeutic treatments such as oxaliplatin and epirubicin. Therefore, patient characteristics including concomitant diseases, physical condition, and prior therapies should be considered before selecting taxane-based treatments for AGC.
Thiamine metabolism is critical for regulating correlated growth of dendrite arbors and neuronal somata
Authors: Liu Huimin , Sang Shaoming , Lu Yuan , Wang Zhongfeng , Yu Xiang , Zhong Chunjiu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThiamine is critical for cellular function, as its phosphorylated and active form, thiamine diphosphate (TDP), acts as coenzyme for three key enzymes in glucose metabolism. Mutations in thiamine transporter, TDP synthesizing enzyme or carrier, including solute carrier family 19 member 3 (SLC19A3), thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPK1) and solute carrier family 25 member 19 (SLC25A19), have been associated with developmental neurological disorders, including microcephaly and Leigh syndrome. However, little is known about how thiamine metabolism regulates neuronal morphology at the cellular level. Here, using primary rat hippocampal neuronal cultures, we showed that reducing the expression ofTpk1,Slc25a19orSlc19a3in individual neurons significantly reduced dendrite complexity, as measured by total dendritic branch tip number (TDBTN) and total dendritic branch length (TDBL). The specificity of the RNAi effects were verified by overexpression of RNAi resistant human constructs. Importantly, changes in both TDBTN and TDBL tightly correlated with reduction in soma size, demonstrating coordinated regulation of soma and dendrite growth by thiamine. The requirement of thiamine metabolism for coordinated somata and dendrite growth is highly consistent with the microcephaly and neurodegenerative phenotypes observed in thiamine loss-of-function diseases.