bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Crack Propagation Life of Metallic Materials Under Random Loading: A Coupling Analysis Method in the Frequency Domain
Authors: Fu Dingkun , Li Piao , Sun Jiachen , Yao Weixing 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes an equivalent spectrum method to predict the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) life of metallic materials subjected to random loading. To adequately account for the coupling effects between crack propagation and the random response of structures, a coupling analysis model is introduced. The stress intensity factor (SIF) can be estimated based on the power spectral density (PSD) of an equivalent displacement. Random vibration fatigue tests were conducted to evaluate the proposed model on aluminum alloy specimens. Results indicate significant variations in natural frequency with crack length. The predicted results are compared with the experimental values, demonstrating satisfactory prediction accuracy of the proposed coupling analysis model. This model enables the assessment of coupling effects between crack length and random response, facilitating more precise predictions of FCP life in metallic materials and guiding the expanded application of damage tolerance criteria in structural engineering.
Estimation of CZM Parameters for Investigating the Interface Fracture of Adhesively Bonded Joints Under Mode I, Mode II, and Mixed‐Mode (I/II) Loading
Authors: Saikia P. J. , Muthu N. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe mechanical performance of joints for any engineering applications requires accurate characterization of joint interfaces. This paper presents a simplified experimental procedure to estimate the cohesive zone model (CZM) parameters for predicting the interface failure of adhesively bonded joints subjected to mode I (opening) and mode II (shear) loading. The novelty of this procedure lies in predicting all CZM parameters—cohesive stiffness, strength, and cohesive energy (fracture toughness), of the bonded interface using one common experimental setup. It is observed that the cohesive strength and cohesive energy in shear loading are approximately 3.8 and 11.6 times, respectively, compared to the opening loading condition. Employing a triangular cohesive law, the CZM parameters are combined with appropriate damage initiation (quadratic stress) and evolution (power law) criteria. The proposed methodology is verified against experimental load–displacement responses of the bonded interface under mixed‐mode I/II (opening/shear) loading across a wide range of mode mixity (α = 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°). The maximum error between the experimental and the numerical peak load is 5.11%. The acceptable agreement between the numerical and experimental results confirms the effectiveness of this method in investigating interface fracture in adhesively bonded joints under different loading conditions.
Long‐term injury records reveal the role of biting in male–male combat in the Japanese giant salamander
Authors: Takahashi Mizuki K. , McGuire Brigid , Horsley Luna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Biting is a common male–male combat tactic across jawed vertebrates, in which teeth or bony beaks serve as weapons. Because biting can cause severe injuries in some species, bite scars provide critical information about the degrees and patterns of fights.

Amphibians have a remarkable diversity in tooth morphology and arrangement. However, the functional ecology of amphibian teeth is poorly studied. For example, unlike aquatic suction‐feeding frogs that lost teeth, aquatic salamanders that suction‐feed prey retain numerous sharp teeth, suggesting that teeth as weapons may partially explain their retention.

Here, we analysed long‐term injury records of one of the fully aquatic, suction‐feeding salamanders (Japanese Giant Salamander, Andrias japonicus) to examine the previously unexplored potential of amphibian teeth as weapons for male–male combat. The majority of the injuries were missing toes and limbs, which most likely occurred during intra‐specific combat. We explored associations between injuries and independent variables such as sex, body size, body condition and stream sections. We also investigated possible injury‐pattern biases along the lateral (i.e. right vs. left) and longitudinal (i.e. anterior vs. posterior) axes, which could reveal how these animals fight.

We found that males had more injuries, larger individuals had more injuries, and males with poorer conditions had more injuries. There was no association between injuries and stream sections. In addition, we found that salamanders had more injuries on the right and posterior sides of the body. The lateral asymmetry in injuries is likely associated with turning asymmetry during combat.

Our results revealed the intense male–male combats of giant salamanders, providing evidence of the use of teeth as weapons. Combats via biting in amphibians may be much more common and severe than currently known. Our research suggests the function of amphibian teeth as weapons, which is likely to be a vital selective agent shaping its remarkable diversity.
Integrated Health Education Programmes With Physical Activity Among Community‐Dwelling Older Adults at Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: An Integrative Review of Experimental Studies
Authors: Lo Flora M. W. , Wong Eliza M. L. , Lam Katherine Ka Wai , Liu Qi , Yang Funa , Jiang Ling , Huang Xinlin , Ho Ka Yan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo examine the effects of integrated health education programmes with physical activity among community‐dwelling older adults at risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).DesignIntegrative review.Data SourcesA systematic search of experimental studies was conducted in six electronic databases and one registry from inception to December 2022.MethodsTwo researchers independently conducted the eligibility screening, quality appraisal and data extraction. A total of 11 studies, which were published between 1996 and 2021, were included in the review and were analysed by narrative synthesis.ResultsThe 11 included studies involved 1973 participants. The findings indicate that integrated health education programmes with physical activity have potential benefit in short‐term weight management among community‐dwelling older adults at risk of ASCVD. Nevertheless, the programmes appear ineffective on body mass index, short‐term lipid profiles, diastolic blood pressure (BP) and blood glucose. Further investigation is recommended to confirm the programme effects on physical activity level, exercise self‐efficacy, systolic BP, waist circumference, long‐term lipid profiles, long‐term weight management and cardiac endurance. The findings suggest that body mass index may not be a sensitive indicator of obesity in the elderly population and should be measured along with waist circumference to better predict the risk of ASCVD. The available evidence is restricted in its robustness and generalisability. As most included studies were conducted in the United States, more studies should be implemented in other countries to enhance study generalisability.ConclusionsThe effects of integrated health education programmes with physical activity among community‐dwelling older adults at risk of ASCVD remain inconclusive. Further research with adequate statistical power and good methodology is warranted.ImpactThe findings provide insights into whether health education programmes with physical activity effectively improve various outcomes, and suggest that researchers should include exercise self‐efficacy and cardiac endurance in future studies.Reporting MethodAdhered to PRISMA reporting guidelines.No Patient or Public ContributionThis review was conducted without patient or public participation.
Taxonomic notes on types of Curimatus Oken 1817 (Teleostei: Curimatidae) of the Naturhistorisches Museum of Vienna
Authors: Melo Bruno F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIncorrect catalogue numbers and incomplete information regarding types of Curimatus Oken of the Naturhistorisches Museum of Vienna (NMW) have been successively replicated in the ichthyology literature. Using evidence compiled directly from NMW types and data, this study formally presents the correct type numbers of Curimatus abramoides Kner 1858 (= Cyphocharax) and Curimatus knerii Steindachner 1876 (= Curimata) and clarifies the taxonomic status and availability of types of Curimatus elegans var. amazonica Steindachner 1911, Curimatus helleri Steindachner 1910, Curimatus surinamensis Steindachner 1910, and Curimatus naegelii Steindachner 1881.
Coupling crossflow microfiltration and nanofiltration for the concentration of aroma compounds in a raspberry hydroalcoholic extract
Authors: Servent Adrien , Hector Lumley , Jobard Guillaume , Dornier Manuel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis work investigated the coupling of microfiltration (MF) and nanofiltration (NF) to concentrate the volatile compounds in a raspberry hydroalcoholic extract. Enzymatic treatment increased the MF permeate flux by 30%–50%. The highest MF permeate flux was above 50 kg·h−1·m−2 at a mass reduction ratio of 5. MF allowed efficient clarification of the extract without significant retention of aroma compounds. Among the NF membranes tested using the MF permeate as feed, one membrane was clearly more effective in concentrating the extract in terms of flux (19 kg·h−1·m−2 at 35 bar), retention of aroma compounds (average retention of 85%), phenolic compounds (61%) and dry matter (90%). Three other membranes were of interest for the fractionation of volatiles in both permeate and retentate but with a lower permeate flux. Finally, one membrane retained few aroma compounds but showed 70% dry matter retention, making it a promising method for aroma purification versus dry matter content in the permeate.Practical ApplicationsIn this study, we investigated the coupling of crossflow MF and NF with a pectinolytic pretreatment, in order to concentrate the aroma compounds from a raw organic raspberry extract. The aim was to avoid aroma degradation and reduce the operating costs, compared to the conventional concentration thermal technologies. Few authors have studied aroma concentration by NF, which presents an interesting area of research for industrial applications. This work provides keys for flavor manufacturers to add value to their products at a low cost and with limited environmental impact, producing concentrated natural aroma extracts for food. Another originality of this work for industrial companies was to show that thanks to the same process, several fractionations could be achieved simply by modifying the operating conditions. Therefore, this work contributed to propose new applicable processing for the production of natural flavors in a context of high consumer and market demand for organic ingredients.
Coping with climate change: A livelihood vulnerability and adaptation analysis in Gaibandha, Rangpur, Bangladesh
Authors: Omi Rafia Tasnia , Raihan Farzana , Shaw Rajib , Joarder Mohammad Abdul Munim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the impact of climate change using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and the adaptation strategies of communities, as measured by the Adaptation Strategy Index (ASI), among 120 households across six villages in Fulchari and Shaghata Upazilas of Gaibandha district in northern Bangladesh. The findings highlight changing climatic patterns and show that while respondents are generally aware of the impacts of climate change, there are notable knowledge gaps. Galna Adarshapara was identified as the most vulnerable village according to the LVI, indicating its high susceptibility in areas such as socio‐demographic profile, food security, health, natural hazards, and climate sensitivity. Factors contributing to this vulnerability include geographical isolation, limited education, underdeveloped infrastructure, inadequate health facilities, and a lack of alternative income sources during extreme events. However, coping mechanisms such as irrigation, crop diversification, and the use of double‐platform tube wells are commonly employed to address these climatic impacts. To enhance resilience, it is crucial to implement policy initiatives and institutional arrangements that support local communities in improving their living conditions and adapting to climate change challenges.
Development of the Hiesho (sensitivity of hands or feet to cold) Care Practice Scale for pregnant women
Authors: Nakamura Sachiyo , Takeuchi Shoko , Hoshino Takahiro , Okubo Naoko , Horiuchi Shigeko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimEvidence‐based indicators are needed to increase the frequency of practicing care for hiesho, which can be a risk factor during childbirth. Such practice will lead to hiesho prevention. This study aimed to develop a Hiesho Care Practice Scale (HCPS) for pregnant women and examine its reliability and validity.MethodsTo develop a HCPS and examine its reliability and validity, we conducted a questionnaire‐based survey among nurses who provide hiesho care for pregnant women in Japan.ResultsThe analysis included 100 participants (recovery rate: 96%). Exploratory factor analysis produced four factors and 20 items. The model's fit indices obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis include goodness of fit of .80, adjusted goodness of fit of .75, comparative fit index of .88, and root mean squared error of approximation of .08. The correlation coefficients for the patient coaching skill evaluation scale for criterion‐related validity test ranged from .23 to .51 (p < .01).Cronbach's α was .88, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was .81.ConclusionsThe HCPS developed in this study consisted of four factors and 20 items, and its reliability and validity were verified. This scale enables the subjective and objective evaluation of hiesho care practice in the nursing profession. It may contribute to standardizing and developing improvement measures for hiesho care among pregnant women by nurses and midwives.
Are Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Platelet Count Useful for Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Patients Undergoing Re‐Revision Arthroplasty
Authors: Zhang Yangming , Xie Qiyu , Jiang Boyi , Jiang Wenyu , Xu Hong , Zhou Zongke 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveAccurate and prompt identification of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) is critical prior to re‐revision arthroplasty to ensure optimal surgical outcomes. Among routinely measured blood indices, red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet count (PLT) have shown strong correlations with infection presence. This study aimed to assess the utility of RDW and PLT for diagnosing PJI in patients scheduled for re‐revision arthroplasty.MethodsThis retrospective research encompassed all patients who underwent re‐revision hip or knee arthroplasty at our institution from 2008 to 2022. Participants were categorized into either the PJI (n = 41) or the non‐PJI (n = 47) group following the guidelines established in the 2013 International Consensus Meeting on PJI. In this analysis, RDW and PLT counts were evaluated alongside conventional inflammatory markers, including C‐reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The efficacy of these diagnostics was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve ([area under the curve AUC]).ResultsRDW demonstrated a modest AUC of 0.678 with sensitivity at 61.0% and specificity at 71.7%, using a threshold of 14.5%. PLT was on par with ESR, showing an AUC of 0.773, and both sensitivity and specificity around 73% at a threshold of 201 × 109/L. CRP presented the highest diagnostic accuracy with an AUC of 0.815, achieving a sensitivity of 82.9% and specificity of 73.9% at a 6.9 mg/L threshold, surpassing ESR's AUC of 0.754. None of the biomarkers, individually or combined, outperformed CRP alone (p > 0.05).ConclusionsIn the context of re‐revision arthroplasty, RDW and PLT demonstrate limited efficacy as diagnostic biomarkers for PJI. However, CRP retains its reliability as a biomarker when the diagnostic threshold is appropriately recalibrated.
Taxation in the context of high informality: Conceptual challenges and evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Gwaindepi Abel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe terms ‘informal sector’ and ‘shadow economy’ are in vogue but remain conceptually fuzzy in what they measure or mean. They are used in tax research and policy but with many assumptions, leading to poorly designed policies that lead to further immiseration of those who derive their livelihoods informally. Focusing on Sub‐Saharan Africa, I critically interrogate the current conceptualisation of informal economic activities and how they are thought to relate to taxation. Critically, I use existing estimates of informality and taxation data to demonstrate the need to cast the tax net wider than the usual bias toward visible subsistence informality. I show that informality is not novel among many factors negatively associated with tax revenue mobilisation, especially in its broader historical context. I then show that technology adoption can play a role in mitigating taxation challenges associated with informality. However, the role of technology remains limited if not embedded in and supported by improving government institutions, which, though protracted, show higher outcomes on taxation. Since the terms ‘informal sector’ and ‘shadow economy’ describe diverse economic activities, conceptual diversity is not necessarily problematic, but precision is necessary when these terms are brought to tax research, including frank discussions on data quality issues and when the concepts need to be generalised or restricted to context.
Uveodermatological syndrome associated with alopecia areata in a one‐year‐old female spayed Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dog
Authors: McMahill Barbara G. , Gilbert Sophie , Haddad Jamie , Novak Janelle , Shank Maria , Affolter Verena K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUveodermatological syndrome and alopecia areata are autoimmune disorders causing ocular and dermatological inflammation and alopecia, respectively, in dogs. This is the first report to document concurrent development of the two diseases in a dog, as has been reported in human patients. Clinical presentation and histopathological diagnosis, treatment and clinical follow‐up are described.
Respiratory viral testing for young febrile infants presenting to emergency care: a planned secondary analysis of the Febrile Infants Diagnostic assessment and Outcome (FIDO) prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Evans Jordan , Umana Etimbuk , Waterfield Thomas 
Published: October 2024

Objective
To describe the association of respiratory viral test results and the risk of invasive bacterial infection (IBI) for febrile young infants presenting to emergency care.

Design
A planned secondary analysis within the Febrile Infants Diagnostic assessment and Outcome (FIDO) study, a prospective multicentre observational cohort study conducted across the UK and Ireland.

Setting
35 paediatric emergency departments and assessment units across the UK and Ireland between 6 July 2022 and 31 August 2023.

Patients
Febrile infants aged 90 days and under presenting to emergency care.

Main outcome measures
IBI (meningitis or bacteraemia) among febrile infants, undergoing respiratory viral testing for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza and SARS-CoV-2.

Results
1395 out of 1821 participants underwent respiratory viral testing, of those tested 339 (24.5%) tested positive for at least one of, SARS-CoV-2, RSV or influenza. A total of 45 infants (3.2%) were diagnosed with IBI. Of these, IBI occurred in 40 out of 1056 (3.8%) participants with a negative viral test and 5 out of 339 (1.5%) occurred in participants with a positive viral respiratory test (p=0.034). Infants aged 29 days and older with a positive respiratory viral test had a significantly lower rate of IBI (0.7%) compared with those with a negative test (3.2%) (p=0.015).

Conclusions
Young febrile infants with a positive respiratory viral test for SARS-CoV-2, RSV or influenza are at lower risk of IBI. Infants over 28 days of age with a positive viral test represent the lowest risk cohort.

Trial registration number

NCT05259683
.
Mediation-adjusted multivariable Mendelian randomisation study identified novel metabolites related to mental health
Authors: Freuer Dennis , Meisinger Christa 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundFrom the pathway perspective, metabolites have the potential to improve knowledge about the aetiology of psychiatric diseases. Previous studies suggested a link between specific blood metabolites and mental disorders, but some Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies in particular are insufficient for various reasons.ObjectiveThis study focused on bias assessment due to interdependencies between metabolites and psychiatric mediation effects.MethodsIn a multistep framework containing network and multivariable MR, direct effects of 21 mutually adjusted metabolites on 8 psychiatric disorders were estimated based on summary statistics of genome-wide association studies from multiple resources. Robust inverse-variance weighted models were used in primary analyses. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to assess different patterns of pleiotropy and weak instrument bias. Estimates for the same phenotypes from different resources were pooled using fixed effect meta-analysis models.FindingsAfter adjusting for mediation effects, genetically predicted metabolite levels of six metabolites of lipid, amino acid and cofactors pathways were directly associated with overall six mental disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, anorexia nervosa, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia). Point estimates ranged from −0.45 (95% CI −0.67; −0.24, p=1.0×104) to 1.78 (95% CI 0.85; 2.71, p=0.006). No associations were found with anxiety and suicide attempt.ConclusionsThis study provides insights into new metabolic pathways that seems to be causally related to certain mental disorders.Clinical implicationsFurther studies are needed to investigate whether the identified associations are effects of the metabolites itself or the biochemical pathway regulating the metabolites.