bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Free Synthesis of 3‐Arylquinolin‐2‐ones from N,2‐Diaryl‐ acrylamides via Phenyliodine(III) Bis(2,2‐dimethylpropanoate)‐ Mediated Direct Oxidative C−C Bond Formation
Authors: Cao Yang , Zhao Hui , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Du Yunfei , Zhao Kang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTreatment of N,2‐diarylacrylamides with the organoiodine(III) compound phenyliodine(III) bis(2,2‐dimethylpropanoate) [PhI(O2C‐t‐Bu)2] and boron trifluoride etherate (BF3⋅Et2O) resulted in a direct and selective oxidative C(sp2)−C(sp2) bond formation leading to a convenient assemblage, under mild conditions, of the biologically important 3‐arylquinolin‐2‐one skeleton. Differing from the five‐membered oxindole products from oxidative cyclizations mediated by transition metals, this metal‐free approach realized a direct annulation of the N‐arylacrylamide into a six‐membered 3‐arylquinolin‐2‐one skeleton.magnified image
The role of acuity of illness at presentation in early mortality in black children with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Winestone Lena E. , Getz Kelly D. , Miller Tamara P. , Wilkes Jennifer J. , Sack Leah , Li Yimei , Huang Yuan‐Shung , Seif Alix E. , Bagatell Rochelle , Fisher Brian T. , Epstein Andrew J. , Aplenc Richard 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBlack patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience higher mortality than White patients. We compared induction mortality, acuity of illness prior to chemotherapy, and insurance type between Black and White patients to assess whether acuity of presentation mediates the disparity. Within a retrospective cohort of 1,122 children with AML treated with two courses of standard induction chemotherapy between 2004 and 2014 in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database, the association between race (Black versus White) and inpatient mortality during induction was examined. Intensive Care Unit (ICU)‐level resource utilization during the first 72 hours following admission for initial AML chemotherapy was evaluated as a potential mediator. The total effect of race on mortality during Induction I revealed a strong association (unadjusted HR 2.75, CI: 1.18, 6.41). Black patients had a significantly higher unadjusted risk of requiring ICU‐level resources within the first 72 hours after initial presentation (17% versus 11%; RR 1.52, CI: 1.04, 2.24). Mediation analyses revealed the indirect effect of race through acuity accounted for 61% of the relative excess mortality during Induction I. Publicly insured patients experienced greater induction mortality than privately insured patients regardless of race. Black patients with AML have significantly greater risk of induction mortality and are at increased risk for requiring ICU‐level resources soon after presentation. Higher acuity amongst Black patients accounts for a substantial portion of the relative excess mortality during Induction I. Targeting factors affecting acuity of illness at presentation may lessen racial disparities in AML induction mortality.
Excess mortality in the myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Nomdedeu Meritxell , Pereira Arturo , Ramos Fernando , Valcárcel David , Costa Dolors , Arnan Montserrat , Calvo Xavier , Pomares Helena , Luño Elisa , Díaz‐Campelo María , Collado Rosa , de Paz Raquel , Falantes José‐Francisco , Pedro Carme , Marco Josefa , Oirtzabal Itziar , Sánchez‐García Joaquín , Tormo Mar , Cedena María‐Teresa , Nomdedeu Benet , Sanz; Guillermo ,   on behalf of the Spanish MDS Group
Published: November 2016

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are the commonest hematologic malignancies in the elderly. Since many patients with MDS actually die from age‐related ailments, the very disease burden of MDS remains largely unknown. This registry‐based study was aimed at investigating the excess mortality attributable to MDS. We analyzed 7,408 adult patients diagnosed with primary MDS from 1980 to 2014. Excess mortality was estimated by comparing the patients' survival with that expected in the matched general population. Median age of patients was 74 years, 58% were males, and 65% belonged to the lower risk categories of the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS‐R). Excess mortality accounted for three‐fourths of the all‐cause mortality and was mainly driven by factors unrelated to leukemic transformation. Excess mortality increased with the IPSS‐R risk category [Incidence rate ratio (IRR): 2.1, 95% CI: 1.9–2.3; P < .001]. Older age and male sex retained an independent association with higher excess mortality after discounting demographic effects. Excess mortality increased in the most recent periods just in the higher risk IPSS‐R categories (IRR: 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1–1.3 when comparing periods 2007–14, 2000–06, and 1980–99). In conclusion, MDS carry a significant excess mortality, even in the lower risk categories, that is mainly driven by factors unrelated to leukemic transformation, and increases with older age, male sex, and poorer risk categories. Excess mortality has increased in recent years in the higher risk patients, which might be ascribed to a parallel increase in age‐related comorbidities. Our results claim for more comprehensive treatment strategies for patients with MDS. Am. J. Hematol. 92:149–154, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Di‐, Tri‐, and Tetra‐Core‐Functionalized Naphthalene Diimides from Reactions of Allyl Ethers with Lewis Acids
Authors: Tachapermpon Yordkhuan , Maniam Subashani , Wanichacheva Nantanit , Langford Steven J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCore‐substituted NDIs bearing aryl allyl ethers have a predisposition to deallylation in the presence of Lewis Acids (LA). However, under certain conditions, with appropriate choice of LA, the reaction can be controlled to yield unexpected and highly functionalized dinaphthol systems through a [3,3]‐sigmatropic (Claisen) rearrangement. The major products of the rearrangement study have been characterized by X‐ray crystallographic analysis and the per‐substituted products are shown to undergo ring‐closing metathesis to form heterocyclic core‐extended NDIs. This study highlights a simple method to construct a series of important donor–acceptor building blocks for the preparation of new conjugated materials.
A Smart Phase‐Selective Gelator for Recycling Aromatic Solvents, the Removal of Toxic Dyes, and Molecular Delivery
Authors: Ran Xia , Li Yajie , Gao Qiongqiong , Qiu Weihong , Guo Lijun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe phase‐selective gelation properties of a low‐molecular‐mass organogelator, N‐(3,4,5‐tributoxyphenyl)‐N′‐4‐[(4‐hydroxyphenyl)azophenyl] benzohydrazide (BNB‐t4), and its applications in recycling aromatic solvents, removing toxic dyes, and molecular delivery, are reported. The hydroxy head group, hydrazide group, and three butyl chains in this compound provide the collective driving force for self‐assembly and make BNB‐t4 an excellent phase‐selective gelator (PSG). FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopy suggest that the driving forces for the gelation are hydrogen‐bonding, π–π stacking and Van der Waals interactions. The critical gelation concentration (CGC) of BNB‐t4 in aromatic solvents is very low (e.g., 0.6 mg mL−1 in toluene), which suggests that the BNB‐t4 PSG could extract aromatic solvents from aqueous mixtures. Our results indicate that the entangled fibrous network and its rheological properties enable BNB‐t4 to function as a reversible material for removing toxic dyes from aqueous solution with efficiencies as high as 97 %. Furthermore, its combined phase‐selection and reversible phase‐transition properties confer BNB‐t4 the ability to absorb and release organic compounds with efficiencies of up to 98 %. Taken together, these results demonstrate that BNB‐t4 could be used to construct smart materials for environment remediation and molecular delivery.
Prevention of sinonasal inflammation by a synthetic glycosaminoglycan
Authors: Pulsipher Abigail , Qin Xuan , Thomas Andrew J. , Prestwich Glenn D. , Oottamasathien Siam , Alt Jeremiah A. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides that are distributed on respiratory epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and submucosal glands. Uniquely positioned, certain GAGs exhibit anti‐inflammatory properties in respiratory diseases and serve important roles in repairing mucosal surfaces and modulating mucociliary clearance. We hypothesized that topical administration of a synthetic GAG (GM‐0111) would prevent sinonasal inflammation in a mouse model of rhinosinusitis (RS).MethodsTo test our hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice were intranasally administered fluorescent GM‐0111, and sinonasal tissues were examined for coating and penetration ability. To test therapeutic feasibility, mice (n = 6) were given GM‐0111 or hyaluronic acid (HA; 800 μg dose) prior to inducing RS with inflammatory molecule LL‐37 (115 μg dose). After 24 hours, sinonasal tissues were harvested for histological and biochemical analysis of inflammatory markers (inflammatory cell infiltration, lamina propria [LP] thickening, and neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase [MPO]) and cell death.ResultsGM‐0111 was observed within sinonasal tissues 1 hour and 24 hours after intranasal administration, indicating rapid and effective coating and penetration. GM‐0111 prevented sinonasal tissues from developing inflammatory changes, with significant reductions in mast cell infiltration (p < 0.05), LP thickening (p < 0.001), and MPO levels (p < 0.01) when compared to tissues treated with LL‐37 and those pretreated with HA. GM‐0111 reduced cell death within sinonasal tissues in contrast to LL‐37–treated tissues.ConclusionWe report a new synthetic GAG (GM‐0111) that uniformly coats and penetrates into the sinonasal mucosa to prevent sinonasal inflammation and cell death in a mouse model of RS.
Face, content, and construct validation of a low‐cost, non‐biologic, sinus surgery task trainer and knowledge‐based curriculum
Authors: Harbison Richard A. , Johnson Kaalan E. , Miller Craig , Sardesai Maya G. , Davis Greg E. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate face and content validity of a low‐cost, low‐technology, non‐biologic endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) task trainer and knowledge‐based curriculum followed by construct validation of the task trainer.MethodsA sinus surgery task trainer and curriculum were developed. Attending otolaryngologists were surveyed regarding the utility of the task trainer and curriculum. A cross‐sectional construct validation study was performed including medical students, residents, and attending otolaryngologists. Nine tasks were performed on the task trainer and graded using a global rating scale (GRS). Predictors of task trainer performance were evaluated, and spatial performance was measured. Regression analyses were performed to assess main associations.ResultsAll attending physicians (n = 7) agreed that the task trainer accelerates the learning curve and incorporates essential ESS techniques and that the knowledge‐based curriculum describes anatomical and technical knowledge germane to ESS. Twelve medical students, 9 otolaryngology residents, and 5 attending otolaryngologists completed task trainer testing. GRS score varied by level of training after adjusting for potential confounders (slope = 2.63; p = 0.001). There was evidence of an association between a history of video gaming (slope = 1.33; p = 0.077), sports experience (slope = 2.08; p = 0.033), and sinus surgery simulation (slope = 2.72; p = 0.023) with GRS score, although not statistically significant.ConclusionThis study demonstrated validity of a knowledge‐based sinus surgery curriculum and low‐cost, sinus task trainer supporting use in early training. Participants with prior video gaming, sports participation, and sinus surgery simulation experience perform better at baseline on the task trainer.
Mikroemulsionen: neue Möglichkeiten zur Erweiterung der Synthese anorganischer Nanopartikel
Authors: Wolf Silke , Feldmann Claus 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMikroemulsionen (ME) sind ideal, um hochwertige anorganische Nanopartikel zu erhalten. Als thermodynamisch stabile Systeme mit einer Phase aus Nanometer‐großen Tröpfchen, die als Nanoreaktoren dienen, bieten sie für die Nanopartikelsynthese eine Reihe an Vorteilen. ME haben aber auch Nachteile, z. B. ihre Komplexität als Mehrkomponentensysteme, die geringe erhältliche Nanopartikelmenge, die begrenzte thermische Stabilität, der häufige Ausschluss hydrolysierbarer oder oxidierbarer Verbindungen von der Synthese, die partiell sehr aufwendige Abtrennung der Nanopartikel sowie die Entfernung Oberflächen‐gebundener Tenside nach der Synthese. Dieser Aufsatz soll einige Strategien zur Erweiterung der ME‐basierten Synthese anorganischer Nanopartikel aufzeigen. Dazu zählen die Kristallisation von Nanopartikeln mittels “Hochtemperatur‐ME”, die Synthese nanoskaliger Hohlkugeln, die Verwendung von H2O2 oder flüssigem NH3 als polare Tröpfchenphasen sowie die Synthese von unedlen Metallen und Nitriden in ME.
Nahezu vollständig intaktes und sauberes oxo‐funktionalisiertes Graphen – Synthese und elektronenstrahlinduzierte Reduktion
Authors: Butz Benjamin , Dolle Christian , Halbig Christian E. , Spiecker Erdmann , Eigler Siegfried 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDie Steuerung der chemischen Eigenschaften von Graphen ist ein wachsendes Forschungsfeld mit möglichen Anwendungen in den Material‐ und Biowissenschaften. Ziel ist eine Forschung jenseits von Graphenoxid, um den defektreichen Charakter von herkömmlichem Graphenoxid zu vermeiden. Hier wird die Optimierung der Synthese von oxo‐funktionalisiertem Graphen (oxo‐G) zur Herstellung hochwertiger einlagiger Flocken beschrieben. Die Identifizierung und Vermeidung unerwünschter Rückstände wird diskutiert. Das Produkt ermöglicht eine direkte Untersuchung mittels atomar auflösender Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (HR‐TEM). HR‐TEM liefert den Beleg für die außergewöhnliche Integrität des Kohlenstoffgerüsts der oxo‐G‐Flocken. Die ungleichmäßige nanoskalige Verteilung von Oxo‐Funktionen auf den hochreinen oxo‐G‐Flocken bestätigt theoretische Vorhersagen. Gezielte Elektronenbestrahlung führt zur definierten Defunktionalisierung des Materials, was einen neuen Weg zu sauberem Graphen ebnet. Diese Ergebnisse sind ein Durchbruch für die Ausführung örtlich begrenzter chemischer Reaktionen an Graphen.
Photocatalytic C−C Bond Cleavage and Amination of Cycloalkanols by Cerium(III) Chloride Complex
Authors: Guo Jing‐Jing , Hu Anhua , Chen Yilin , Sun Jianfeng , Tang Haoming , Zuo Zhiwei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA general strategy for the cleavage and amination of C−C bonds of cycloalkanols has been achieved through visible‐light‐induced photoredox catalysis utilizing a cerium(III) chloride complex. This operationally simple methodology has been successfully applied to a wide array of unstrained cyclic alcohols, and represents the first example of catalytic C−C bond cleavage and functionalization of unstrained secondary cycloalkanols.
Quantitative Method to Investigate the Balance between Metabolism and Proteome Biomass: Starting from Glycine
Authors: Gu Haiwei , Carroll Patrick A. , Du Jianhai , Zhu Jiangjiang , Neto Fausto Carnevale , Eisenman Robert N. , Raftery Daniel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe balance between metabolism and biomass is very important in biological systems; however, to date there has been no quantitative method to characterize the balance. In this methodological study, we propose to use the distribution of amino acids in different domains to investigate this balance. It is well known that endogenous or exogenous amino acids in a biological system are either metabolized or incorporated into free amino acids (FAAs) or proteome amino acids (PAAs). Using glycine (Gly) as an example, we demonstrate a novel method to accurately determine the amounts of amino acids in various domains using serum, urine, and cell samples. As expected, serum and urine had very different distributions of FAA‐ and PAA‐Gly. Using Tet21N human neuroblastoma cells, we also found that Myc(oncogene)‐induced metabolic reprogramming included a higher rate of metabolizing Gly, which provides additional evidence that the metabolism of proliferating cells is adapted to facilitate producing new cells. It is therefore anticipated that our method will be very valuable for further studies of the metabolism and biomass balance that will lead to a better understanding of human cancers.
Industrial Applications of Gold Catalysis
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Falletta Ermelinda , Della Pina Cristina , Teles Joaquim Henrique , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGold catalysis has recently found its first large‐scale applications in the chemical industry. This Minireview provides a critical analysis of the success factors and of the main obstacles that had to be overcome on the long way from the discovery to the commercialization of gold catalysts. The insights should be useful to researchers in both academia and industry working on the development of tomorrow's gold catalysts to tackle significant environmental and economic issues.
Efficient Coupling Reaction of Quinone Monoacetal with Phenols Leading to Phenol Biaryls
Authors: Kamitanaka Tohru , Morimoto Koji , Tsuboshima Kohei , Koseki Daichi , Takamuro Hitoho , Dohi Toshifumi , Kita Yasuyuki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA simple and efficient synthesis of phenol biaryls by the cross‐couplings of quinone monoacetals (QMAs) and phenols is reported. The Brønsted acid catalytic system in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol was found to be particularly efficient for this transformation. This reaction can be extended to the synthesis of various phenol biaryls, including sterically hindered biaryls, with yields ranging from 58 to 90 % under mild reaction conditions and in a highly regiospecific manner.
Selective Production of Carbon Monoxide via Methane Oxychlorination over Vanadyl Pyrophosphate
Authors: Paunović Vladimir , Zichittella Guido , Verel Réne , Amrute Amol P. , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA catalytic process is demonstrated for the selective conversion of methane into carbon monoxide via oxychlorination chemistry. The process involves addition of HCl to a CH4–O2 feed to facilitate C−H bond activation under mild conditions, leading to the formation of chloromethanes, CH3Cl and CH2Cl2. The latter are oxidized in situ over the same catalyst, yielding CO and recycling HCl. A material exhibiting chlorine evolution by HCl oxidation, high activity to oxidize chloromethanes into CO, and no ability to oxidize CO, is therefore essential to accomplish this target. Following these design criteria, vanadyl pyrophosphate (VPO) was identified as an outstanding catalyst, exhibiting a CO yield up to approximately 35 % at 96 % selectivity and stable behavior. These findings constitute a basis for the development of a process enabling the on‐site valorization of stranded natural‐gas reserves using CO as a highly versatile platform molecule.
Protein‐Sized Bright Fluorogenic Nanoparticles Based on Cross‐Linked Calixarene Micelles with Cyanine Corona
Authors: Shulov Ievgen , Rodik Roman V. , Arntz Youri , Reisch Andreas , Kalchenko Vitaly I. , Klymchenko Andrey S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe key challenge in the field of fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) for biological applications is to achieve superior brightness for sizes equivalent to single proteins (3–7 nm). We propose a concept of shell‐cross‐linked fluorescent micelles, in which PEGylated cyanine 3 and 5 bis‐azides form a covalently attached corona on micelles of amphiphilic calixarene bearing four alkyne groups. The fluorescence quantum yield of the obtained monodisperse NPs, with a size of 7 nm, is a function of viscosity and reached up to 15 % in glycerol. In the on‐state they are circa 2‐fold brighter than quantum dots (QD‐585), which makes them the smallest PEGylated organic NPs of this high brightness. FRET between cyanine 3 and 5 cross‐linkers at the surface of NPs suggests their integrity in physiological media, organic solvents, and living cells, in which the NPs rapidly internalize, showing excellent imaging contrast. Calixarene micelles with a cyanine corona constitute a new platform for the development of protein‐sized ultrabright fluorescent NPs.
Catalytic [2+2+1] Synthesis of Fused Thiophenes Using Thiocarbonyls as Sulfur Donors
Authors: Matsui Kazuma , Shibuya Masatoshi , Yamamoto Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe use of N‐(p‐chlorophenyl)methylbenzoxazole‐2‐thione as a sulfur‐atom donor enables the catalytic [2+2+1] cycloaddition of diynes in wet DMF at 80 °C when open to air, thus affording diverse fused thiophenes with good yields and wide functional‐group compatibility. A plausible mechanism, involving a cationic ruthenacycle intermediate, was also proposed on the basis of several control experiments.
Microbial levan biopolymer production and its use for the synthesis of an antibacterial iron(II,III) oxide–levan nanocomposite
Authors: Taran Mojtaba , Etemadi Saba , Safaei Mohsen 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTLevan biopolymer is an exopolysaccharide characterized with biocompatibility and unique properties that is widely used in different industries. In this study, this biopolymer was used to synthesize a nanocomposite containing magnetic nanoparticles of iron with antibacterial effects. The effects of three factors at three levels of sucrose (5, 7, and 9 g), KH2PO4 (0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 g), and soy flour (3, 5, and 7 g) were evaluated to produce levan exopolysaccharide by Bacillus polymyxa PTCC1020. Nine experiments were designed with different environmental conditions via the Taguchi method. The nanoparticles of iron oxide were synthesized with the coprecipitation method. In addition, nanocomposites containing magnetic nanoparticles of iron and levan biopolymer were produced. The highest level of levan extraction was observed with conditions of 5 g of soy flour (second level), 0.7 g of KH2PO4 (third level), and 5 g of sucrose (first level) as 27 g/L. The Fourier transform infrared analysis and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy showed the formation of nanocomposites containing magnetic particles of iron. The results indicate that the synthesized nanocomposites had antibacterial effects on both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. We concluded that levan and Fe3O4 could be used to synthesize antibacterial nanocomposites with high potential for various industrial applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44613.
Alkoxysilane modification of a Ti‐based catalyst system for ethylene dimerization: A step forward in enhancing productivity and selectivity
Authors: Bigdeli Peyman , Abdouss Majid , Abedi Sadegh 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTAlkoxysilanes were used as novel enhancing agents in the Ti‐based catalyst for the highly selective ethylene dimerization to butene‐1. The dimerization of ethylene was carried out using the homogeneous Ti(OBu)4/THF/TEA/alkoxysilane catalyst system, where Ti(OBu)4, THF (tetrahydrofuran), TEA (triethylaluminum), and alkoxysilane were used as catalyst, additive, activator, and modifier, respectively. The nature and concentration of alkoxysilanes on the dimerization rate, catalyst yield, by‐products production, and selectivity to butene‐1 were investigated in detail. It was found that the performance of alkoxysilanes assisted with the class of the Ti‐based catalyst system, developed in this work, has been furthered by high productivity and selectivity with respect to the bare catalyst system. It proved that alkoxysilanes could play an excellent improving role in the selective ethylene dimerization process. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44615.