bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliable, resilient and sustainable water management: the Safe & SuRe approach
Authors: Butler David , Ward Sarah , Sweetapple Chris , Astaraie‐Imani Maryam , Diao Kegong , Farmani Raziyeh , Fu Guangtao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGlobal threats such as climate change, population growth, and rapid urbanization pose a huge future challenge to water management, and, to ensure the ongoing reliability, resilience and sustainability of service provision, a paradigm shift is required. This paper presents an overarching framework that supports the development of strategies for reliable provision of services while explicitly addressing the need for greater resilience to emerging threats, leading to more sustainable solutions. The framework logically relates global threats, the water system (in its broadest sense), impacts on system performance, and social, economic, and environmental consequences. It identifies multiple opportunities for intervention, illustrating how mitigation, adaptation, coping, and learning each address different elements of the framework. This provides greater clarity to decision makers and will enable better informed choices to be made. The framework facilitates four types of analysis and evaluation to support the development of reliable, resilient, and sustainable solutions: “top‐down,” “bottom‐up,” “middle based,” and “circular” and provides a clear, visual representation of how/when each may be used. In particular, the potential benefits of a middle‐based analysis, which focuses on system failure modes and their impacts and enables the effects of unknown threats to be accounted for, are highlighted. The disparate themes of reliability, resilience and sustainability are also logically integrated and their relationships explored in terms of properties and performance. Although these latter two terms are often conflated in resilience and sustainability metrics, the argument is made in this work that the performance of a reliable, resilient, or sustainable system must be distinguished from the properties that enable this performance to be achieved.
A Clustered Multiclass Likelihood‐Ratio Ensemble Method for Family‐Based Association Analysis Accounting for Phenotypic Heterogeneity
Authors: Wen Yalu , Lu Qing 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAlthough compelling evidence suggests that the genetic etiology of complex diseases could be heterogeneous in subphenotype groups, little attention has been paid to phenotypic heterogeneity in genetic association analysis of complex diseases. Simply ignoring phenotypic heterogeneity in association analysis could result in attenuated estimates of genetic effects and low power of association tests if subphenotypes with similar clinical manifestations have heterogeneous underlying genetic etiologies. To facilitate the family‐based association analysis allowing for phenotypic heterogeneity, we propose a clustered multiclass likelihood‐ratio ensemble (CMLRE) method. The proposed method provides an alternative way to model the complex relationship between disease outcomes and genetic variants. It allows for heterogeneous genetic causes of disease subphenotypes and can be applied to various pedigree structures. Through simulations, we found CMLRE outperformed the commonly adopted strategies in a variety of underlying disease scenarios. We further applied CMLRE to a family‐based dataset from the International Consortium to Identify Genes and Interactions Controlling Oral Clefts (ICOC) to investigate the genetic variants and interactions predisposing to subphenotypes of oral clefts. The analysis suggested that two subphenotypes, nonsyndromic cleft lip without palate (CL) and cleft lip with palate (CLP), shared similar genetic etiologies, while cleft palate only (CP) had its own genetic mechanism. The analysis further revealed that rs10863790 (IRF6), rs7017252 (8q24), and rs7078160 (VAX1) were jointly associated with CL/CLP, while rs7969932 (TBK1), rs227731 (17q22), and rs2141765 (TBK1) jointly contributed to CP.
Rapid Prototyping in Humanitarian Aid To Manufacture Last Mile Vehicles Spare Parts: An Implementation Plan
Authors: De la Torre N. , Espinosa M. M. , Domínguez M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis research examines the use of rapid prototyping technologies in the supply chain of spare parts. Spare parts are manufactured in small production lots and distributed in wide areas, eventually requiring short delivery times. The focus of this research is the use of rapid prototyping in humanitarian logistics. The demand of humanitarian aid is large, but it is very difficult to predict and also to supply. The use of rapid prototyping to produce spare parts can greatly increase the availability of scarce resources. In this paper, it is demonstrated that rapid prototyping of spare parts for last mile vehicles can help achieve a cost‐effective solution to increase vehicle availability. Also, a detailed implementation plan is developed to serve as a guideline for any organization to successfully introduce the equipment in their operations.
Combretins A and B, New Cycloartane‐Type Triterpenes from Combretum fragrans
Authors: Dawe Amadou , Kapche Gilbert Deccaux Wabo Fotso , Bankeu Jean Jules Kezetas , Fawai Yakai , Ali Muhammad Shaiq , Ngadjui Bonaventure Tchaleu 
Published: June 2016

The phytochemical studies on the leaves of the traditionally used medicinal plant Combretum fragrans F. Hoffm (Combretaceae) from Cameroon have led to the isolation of combretins A and B (1 and 2, resp.), two new cycloartane‐type triterpenes from the AcOEt‐soluble subfraction along with β‐sitosterol (3), oleanolic acid (4), ursolic acid (5), and pratensein (6). The compounds 4 – 6 are reported for the first time from this species. The structures of the new triterpenes were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques including 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR (DEPT), and 2D‐NMR experiments.
Exploring the effects of low‐level laser therapy on fibroblasts and tumor cells following gamma radiation exposure
Authors: Ramos Silva Camila , Cabral Fernanda Viana , de Camargo Claudinei Francisco Morais , Núñez Silvia Cristina , Mateus Yoshimura Tania , de Lima Luna Arthur Cássio , Maria Durvanei Augusto , Ribeiro Martha Simões 
Published: June 2016

Ionizing radiation (IR) induces DNA damage and low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been investigated to prevent or repair detrimental outcomes resulting from IR exposure. Few in vitro studies, however, explore the biological mechanisms underlying those LLLT benefits. Thus, in this work, fibroblasts and tumor cells are submitted to IR with doses of 2.5 Gy and 10 Gy. After twenty‐four‐h, the cells are exposed to LLLT with fluences of 30 J cm–2, 90 J cm–2, and 150 J cm–2. Cellular viability, cell cycle phases, cell proliferation index and senescence are evaluated on days 1 and 4 after LLLT irradiation. For fibroblasts, LLLT promotes – in a fluence‐dependent manner – increments in cell viability and proliferation, while a reduction in the senescence was observed. Regarding tumor cells, no influences of LLLT on cell viability are noticed. Whereas LLLT enhances cell populations in S and G2/M cell cycle phases for both cellular lines, a decrease in proliferation and increase in senescence was verified only for tumor cells. Putting together, the results suggest that fibroblasts and tumor cells present different responses to LLLT following exposure to gamma‐radiation, and these promising results should stimulate further investigations.
Senescence of tumor cells and fibroblasts on the 4th day after ionizing radiation (IR) and low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) exposures. The number of senescent cells increased significantly for tumor cells (a) while for fibroblasts no increment was observed (b). The blue collor indicates senescence activity.magnified imageSenescence of tumor cells and fibroblasts on the 4th day after ionizing radiation (IR) and low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) exposures. The number of senescent cells increased significantly for tumor cells (a) while for fibroblasts no increment was observed (b). The blue collor indicates senescence activity.
Links Between the Microbiome and Bone
Authors: Hernandez Christopher J , Guss Jason D , Luna Marysol , Goldring Steven R 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

The human microbiome has been shown to influence a number of chronic conditions associated with impaired bone mass and bone quality, including obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease. The connection between the microbiome and bone health, however, has not been well studied. The few studies available demonstrate that the microbiome can have a large effect on bone remodeling and bone mass. The gut microbiome is the largest reservoir of microbial organisms in the body and consists of more than a thousand different species interacting with one another in a stable, dynamic equilibrium. How the microbiome can affect organs distant from the gut is not well understood but is believed to occur through regulation of nutrition, regulation of the immune system, and/or translocation of bacterial products across the gut endothelial barrier. Here we review each of these mechanisms and discuss their potential effect on bone remodeling and bone mass. We discuss how preclinical studies of bone-microbiome interactions are challenging because the microbiome is sensitive to genetic background, housing environment, and vendor source. Additionally, although the microbiome exhibits a robust response to external stimuli, it rapidly returns to its original steady state after a disturbance, making it difficult to sustain controlled changes in the microbiome over time periods required to detect alterations in bone remodeling, mass, or structure. Despite these challenges, an understanding of the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome affects bone has the potential to provide insights into the dissociation between fracture risk and bone mineral density in patients including those with obesity, diabetes, or inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, alteration of the gut microbiome has the potential to serve as a biomarker of bone metabolic activity as well as a target for therapies to improve bone structure and quality using pharmaceutical agents or pre- or probiotics. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Self‐Assembly of Differently Shaped Protein–Polymer Conjugates through Modification of the Bioconjugation Site
Authors: Huang Aaron , Olsen Bradley D. 
Published: June 2016

Self‐assembly of protein–polymer block copolymers is an attractive route for preparing biocatalytic materials. To clarify the effect of bioconjugate shape on self‐assembly without changing the chemical details of either block, four different conjugation sites are selected on the surface of the model globular protein mCherry at residues 3, 108, 131, and 222 to alter the colloidal shape of the bioconjugate. All four mCherry‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) bioconjugates show qualitatively similar phase diagrams, indicating that self‐assembly is robust with respect to changes in conjugation site. However, protein orientation has an effect on the location of the order–disorder transition concentration, and the stability of the disordered micellar phase is shown to be different for each conjugate. Differences in domain spacing also suggest changes in protein orientation within the lamellae.
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Quantitative Measurement of Akinesia in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Lalvay Lissette , Lara Miguel , Mora Andrea , Alarcón Fernando , Fraga Manuel , Pancorbo Jesús , Marina José Luis , Mena María Ángeles , Lopez Sendón Jose Luis , García de Yébenes Justo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is great interest in developing simple, user‐friendly, and inexpensive tools for the quantification and elucidation of motor deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). These systems could help to monitor the clinical status of patients with PD, to develop better treatments, and to identify individuals who have subtle motor signs that might pass unnoticed in the conventional neurological examination.MethodsMememtum, a smartphone application that allows for the quantification of several parameters of movement, such as regularity, rhythm, and changes in the number of taps while taping with a single finger and with alternating fingers, was developed and then tested in a pilot study in Madrid and in an extensive study in Quito, Ecuador.ResultsAlmost all patients could successfully perform single‐finger tapping, but approximately 10% of patients with severe parkinsonism had problems taping with alternating fingers. The results revealed changes in the regularity of the pressure applied while tapping and a reduction in the number of taps on the device screen when alternating tapping among patients who had idiopathic PD and vascular parkinsonism compared with controls and individuals who had prediagnostic motor abnormalities of PD.ConclusionApplications available in smartphones could be used for investigation and treatment of patients with PD, but much research is needed to optimize the ideal parameters to be investigated and the potential usefulness of this technique for patients with PD in different stages of the disease.
Outcome on Balance and Gait Following Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Striatal Foot in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Lindholm Beata , Beckman Anders , Duzynski Wojciech , Ekvall Hansson Eva 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundStriatal foot deformity can shorten the stance phase of gait and impair the ability to stand and walk. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT A) is a treatment option. However, no previous study has included clinical balance testing in the evaluation of treatment effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate gait and balance in patients with striatal foot deformities and Parkinson's disease (PD) before and after treatment with BoNT A injections.MethodThe study included 10 patients with PD and striatal foot deformity who visited a neurological clinic. The mean ± standard deviation age and PD‐duration was 62.8 ± 8.8 years and 4.9 ± 3.6 years, respectively. Clinical assessment was made before and 4 and 16 weeks after injection and included 5 clinical gait and balance tests. The intensity of distress due to deformities was investigated with a visual analogue scale. Parkinsonian motor status was assessed with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (motor part). Based on ordinary clinical examination, electromyography‐guided BoNT A injection was given in affected muscles. Clinically effective doses of BoNT A were used.ResultsImprovements were observed regarding functional, dynamic, and standing balance as well as intensity of distress at 4 weeks but not at 16 weeks compared with baseline.ConclusionsBoNT A injection treatment improved gait and balance in patients with PD and striatal foot deformities. Multicenter trials are needed; and, to achieve increased power, a randomized, double‐blind controlled design is needed and should focus on the ability of tests to capture subtle changes in gait and balance.
Further Insights in the Binding Mode of Selective Inhibitors to Human PDE4D Enzyme Combining Docking and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: D'Ursi Pasqualina , Guariento Sara , Trombetti Gabriele , Orro Alessandro , Cichero Elena , Milanesi Luciano , Fossa Paola , Bruno Olga 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlzheimer′s disease has recently emerged as a possible field of application for PDE4D inhibitors (PDE4DIs). The great structure similarity among the various PDE4 isoforms and, furthermore, the lack of the full length crystal structure of the enzyme, impaired the rational design of new selective PDE4DIs. In this paper, with the aim of exploring new insights into the PDE4D binding, we tackled the problem by performing a computational study based on docking simulations combined with molecular dynamics (D‐MD). Our work uniquely identified the binding mode and the key residues involved in the interaction with a number of in‐house catechol iminoether derivatives, acting as PDE4DIs. Moreover, the new binding mode was tested using a series of analogues previously reported by us and it was used to confirm their key structural features to allow PDE4D inhibition. The binding model disclosed within the current computational study may prove to be useful to further advance the design and synthesis of novel, more potent and selective, PDE4D inhibitors.
Variations in TAS1R taste receptor gene family modify food intake and gastric cancer risk in a Korean population
Authors: Choi Jeong‐Hwa , Lee Jeonghee , Choi Il Ju , Kim Young‐Woo , Ryu Keun Won , Kim Jeongseon 
Published: June 2016

ScopeHuman taste receptor type 1 (TAS1R, T1R) gene family mediates the perception of umami and sweet tastes and regulates metabolism. This study investigated whether variants in the TAS1R are associated with food intake and susceptibility to gastric cancer (GC).Methods and resultsA total of 1131 Koreans including 377 GC cases were analyzed to determine the dietary intake and genotype for 25 variants in TAS1R genes. Among the genotyped polymorphisms, six loci with a minor allele frequency >0.05 were tested for an association with dietary intake and GC risk. Findings suggest that TAS1R polymorphisms were associated with a variety of food intake that is beyond the known T1R‐taste association. Furthermore, differential consumption for cigarettes and citrus fruits by TAS1R genetic variants may be linked to GC risk in males and females, respectively. Additionally, in males, TAS1R1 rs34160967 heterozygote showed an increased risk of GC (odds ratio: 1.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–2.09), independent of dietary intake. However, this GC‐risk effect of TAS1R variants was not evident in females.ConclusionsGenetic variants in TAS1R were associated with dietary consumption, which may be associated with GC risk. TAS1R1 rs34160967 may also modify the risk for GC independent of diet in Korean males.
Transfer of Semibatch Processes to Continuous Processes with Side Injections—Opportunities and Limitations
Authors: Goerke Thilo , Kohlmann Daniel , Engell Sebastian 
Published: June 2016

The transfer of copolymerization processes from discontinuous plants to continuous plants has become a topic of industrial interest in the recent years. The motivations for such a transfer are better product consistency, smaller capital investment, and smaller footprint of the plants. However the experiences of the F3 project show that some copolymerization processes cannot be transferred to continuous production if the product quality must remain the same because in a continuous reactor, feeds can be added only at certain points along the reactor. This paper discusses the transferability of semibatch polymerization processes to a continuous plug‐flow reactor with side injections in a generic fashion. Transferability of a semibatch recipe here means the possibility of the production of the same product in both modes of operation (semibatch and continuous). To determine the limits of the transferability from semibatch to continuous production, a model‐based analysis has been performed based on a simplified kinetic model and realistic kinetic parameters. The ranges of product qualities that can be produced in both modes of operation and the minimum changes in the product qualities, if no 1:1 transfer is possible are determined by means of model‐based optimization. Besides the numerical results, also an analytical treatment is presented. This provides a sound basis for an analysis of the transferability from a kinetic and an economic point of view.image
Energetic Characteristics of HMX‐Based Explosives Containing LiH
Authors: Ding Xiao‐Yong , Shu Yuan‐Jie , Liu Ning , Wu Min‐Jie , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Gou Bing‐Wang , Wang Hai‐Min , Wang Cai‐Ling , Dong Shu‐Nan , Wang Wei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe high energy density compound octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX) and the strong exothermic compound LiH represent an excellent principal explosive and an active fuel, respectively. Herein, the energetic characteristics of HMX‐based explosives are explored by adding LiH as fuel additive. The detonation parameters of HMX‐based explosives containing LiH were tested with free‐field explosion experiments and compared with those of traditional TNT, HMX, and aluminized explosives. The results show that the explosives exhibit higher energy and present preferable explosion effect when LiH is added as an explosive ingredient. The improvement of impulse is more than 32.8 % at 2 m. The shock wave peak overpressure increases by almost 40 % at a distance of 3 m from detonation center specially for the explosive containing both LiH and Al additives. Elemental H and Li are expected to release tremendous energy to effectively improve the explosives instant damage power, but the detonation duration is shorter than that of Al‐containing mixed explosives, which may limit the advantage over Al in the impulse. Li2CO3 powder is the solid product of HMX/LiH, which explains the LiH oxidation during the explosion. The exothermic processes in the formation are the reason for the increased energy of HMX/LiH explosives. These results can provide guidance to a potential energetic system formed by HMX and LiH.
Reactivation of mutant p53: Constraints on mechanism highlighted by principal component analysis of the DNA binding domain
Authors: Ouaray Zahra , ElSawy Karim M. , Lane David P. , Essex Jonathan W. , Verma Chandra 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTMost p53 mutations associated with cancer are located in its DNA binding domain (DBD). Many structures (X‐ray and NMR) of this domain are available in the protein data bank (PDB) and a vast conformational heterogeneity characterizes the various free and complexed states. The major difference between the apo and the holo‐complexed states appears to lie in the L1 loop. In particular, the conformations of this loop appear to depend intimately on the sequence of DNA to which it binds. This conclusion builds upon recent observations that implicate the tetramerization and the C‐terminal domains (respectively TD and Cter) in DNA binding specificity. Detailed PCA analysis of the most recent collection of DBD structures from the PDB have been carried out. In contrast to recommendations that small molecules/drugs stabilize the flexible L1 loop to rescue mutant p53, our study highlights a need to retain the flexibility of the p53 DNA binding surface (DBS). It is the adaptability of this region that enables p53 to engage in the diverse interactions responsible for its functionality. Proteins 2016; 84:1443–1461. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Defect states in LiFeAs as seen by low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy
Authors: Schlegel R. , Nag P. K. , Baumann D. , Beck R. , Wurmehl S. , Büchner B. , Hess C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present a microscopic investigation of frequently observed impurity‐induced states in stoichiometric LiFeAs using low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS). Our data reveal seven distinct well‐defined defects which are discernible in topographic measurements. Depending on their local topographic symmetry, we are able to assign five defect types to specific lattice sites at the Li, Fe, and As positions. The most prominent result is that two different defect types have a remarkably different impact on the superconducting state. A specific and quite abundant Fe‐defect with ‐symmetry generates significant impurity‐induced additional states primarily at positive bias voltage with pronounced peaks in the on‐site local density of states (LDOS) at about 4 and 12 mV. On the other hand, a ‐symmetric As‐defect causes a significantly enhanced LDOS at both positive and negative bias voltages. We expect that these findings provide fresh input for further experimental and theoretical studies on elucidating the nature of superconductivity in LiFeAs.