bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHEMISTRY IN A FORMING PROTOPLANETARY DISK: MAIN ACCRETION PHASE
Authors: Yoneda Haruaki , Tsukamoto Yusuke , Furuya Kenji , Aikawa Yuri 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate the chemistry in a radiation-hydrodynamics model of a star-forming core that evolves from a cold (∼10 K) prestellar core to the main accretion phase in ∼105 years. A rotationally supported gravitationally unstable disk is formed around a protostar. We extract the temporal variation of physical parameters in ∼1.5 × 103 SPH particles that end up in the disk, and perform post-processing calculations of the gas-grain chemistry adopting a three-phase model. Inside the disk, the SPH particles migrate both inward and outward. Since a significant fraction of volatiles such as CO can be trapped in the water-dominant ice in the three-phase model, the ice mantle composition depends not only on the current position in the disk, but also on whether the dust grain has ever experienced higher temperatures than the water sublimation temperature. Stable molecules such as H2O, CH4, NH3, and CH3OH are already abundant at the onset of gravitational collapse and are simply sublimated as the fluid parcels migrate inside the water snow line. On the other hand, various molecules such as carbon chains and complex organic molecules (COMs) are formed in the disk. The COMs abundance sensitively depends on the outcomes of photodissociation and diffusion rates of photofragments in bulk ice mantle. As for S-bearing species, H2S ice is abundant in the collapse phase. In the warm regions in the disk, H2S is sublimated to be destroyed, while SO, H2CS, OCS, and SO2 become abundant.
ON THE INDUCED GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE SCENARIO OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS ASSOCIATED WITH SUPERNOVAE
Authors: Becerra L. , Bianco C. L. , Fryer C. L. , Rueda J. A. , Ruffini R. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Following the induced gravitational collapse (IGC) paradigm of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) associated with type Ib/c supernovae, we present numerical simulations of the explosion of a carbon–oxygen (CO) core in a binary system with a neutron-star (NS) companion. The supernova ejecta trigger a hypercritical accretion process onto the NS thanks to a copious neutrino emission and the trapping of photons within the accretion flow. We show that temperatures of 1–10 MeV develop near the NS surface, hence electron–positron annihilation into neutrinos becomes the main cooling channel leading to accretion rates of 10−9–

s−1 and neutrino luminosities of 1043–1052 erg s−1 (the shorter the orbital period the higher the accretion rate). We estimate the maximum orbital period,

as a function of the NS initial mass, up to which the NS companion can reach by hypercritical accretion the critical mass for gravitational collapse leading to black hole formation. We then estimate the effects of the accreting and orbiting NS companion onto a novel geometry of the supernova ejecta density profile. We present the results of a

particle simulation which show that the NS induces accentuated asymmetries in the ejecta density around the orbital plane. We elaborate on the observables associated with the above features of the IGC process. We apply this framework to specific GRBs: we find that X-ray flashes (XRFs) and binary-driven hypernovae are produced in binaries with

and

respectively. We analyze in detail the case of XRF 060218.
Partenariat et coordination pluriprofessionnelle – Approche relationnelle et interlocutive de la personne
Authors: Martinez Marie-Louise , Terraz Tommy 
Published: December 2016

Face aux enjeux éthiques, démocratiques et sociétaux concernant l’inclusion des enfants en situation de handicap dans le domaine de l’école et du soin, les avancées du droit sont réelles, mais le bilan est mitigé. Les difficultés de coordination entre les différents partenaires des réseaux du médico-social, et de co-action avec les familles, soulignent les besoins en formation. En recourant à la parole de professionnels, l’article s’attache d’abord à comprendre les enjeux du partenariat et des réseaux, les avancées et les ratés de la communication dans les pratiques sociales de référence. Il rappelle ensuite l’intérêt de l’approche philosophique relationnelle et interlocutive de la personne, pratiques vers un agir collectif, coordonné, favorisant l’intercompréhension et la prise en compte adéquate de l’Autre : le jeune enfant, les parents, mais aussi les autres professionnels, présents ou absents.
Endogenous Nur77 Is a Specific Indicator of Antigen Receptor Signaling in Human T and B Cells
Authors: Ashouri Judith F. , Weiss Arthur 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Distinguishing true Ag-stimulated lymphocytes from bystanders activated by the inflammatory milieu has been difficult. Nur77 is an immediate early gene whose expression is rapidly upregulated by TCR signaling in murine T cells and human thymocytes. Nur77-GFP transgenes serve as specific TCR and BCR signaling reporters in murine transgenic models. In this study, we demonstrate that endogenous Nur77 protein expression can serve as a reporter of TCR and BCR specific signaling in human PBMCs. Nur77 protein amounts were assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry in T and B cells isolated from human PBMCs obtained from healthy donors that had been stimulated by their respective Ag receptors. We demonstrate that endogenous Nur77 is a more specific reporter of Ag-specific signaling events than the commonly used CD69 activation marker in both human T and B cells. This is reflective of the disparity in signaling pathways that regulate the expression of Nur77 and CD69. Assessing endogenous Nur77 protein expression has great potential to identify Ag-activated lymphocytes in human disease.
Chronic vitamin A-enriched diet feeding regulates hypercholesterolaemia through transcriptional regulation of reverse cholesterol transport pathway genes in obese rat model of WNIN/GR-Ob strain
Authors: Jeyakumar Shanmugam M. , Sheril Alex , Vajreswari Ayyalasomayajula 
Published: December 2016

Background & objectives:
Hepatic scavenger receptor class B1 (SR-B1), a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, is involved in the selective uptake of HDL-associated esterified cholesterol (EC), thereby regulates cholesterol homoeostasis and improves reverse cholesterol transport. Previously, we reported in euglycaemic obese rats (WNIN/Ob strain) that feeding of vitamin A-enriched diet normalized hypercholesterolaemia, possibly through hepatic SR-B1-mediated pathway. This study was aimed to test whether it would be possible to normalize hypercholesterolaemia in glucose-intolerant obese rat model (WNIN/GR/Ob) through similar mechanism by feeding identical vitamin A-enriched diet.

Methods:
In this study, 30 wk old male lean and obese rats of WNIN/GR-Ob strain were divided into two groups and received either stock diet or vitamin A-enriched diet (2.6 mg or 129 mg vitamin A/kg diet) for 14 wk. Blood and other tissues were collected for various biochemical analyses.

Results:
Chronic vitamin A-enriched diet feeding decreased hypercholesterolaemia and normalized abnormally elevated plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in obese rats as compared to stock diet-fed obese groups. Further, decreased free cholesterol (FC) and increased esterified cholesterol (EC) contents of plasma cholesterol were observed, which were reflected in higher EC to FC ratio of vitamin A-enriched diet-fed obese rats. However, neither lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity of plasma nor its expression (both gene and protein) in the liver were altered. On the contrary, hepatic cholesterol levels significantly increased in vitamin A-enriched diet fed obese rats. Hepatic SR-B1 expression (both mRNA and protein) remained unaltered among groups. Vitamin A-enriched diet fed obese rats showed a significant increase in hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA levels, while the expression of genes involved in HDL synthesis, namely, ATP-binding cassette protein 1 (ABCA1) and apolipoprotein A-I, were downregulated. No such response was seen in vitamin A-supplemented lean rats as compared with their stock diet-fed lean counterparts.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Chronic vitamin A-enriched diet feeding decreased hypercholesterolaemia and normalized HDL-C levels, possibly by regulating pathways involved in HDL synthesis and degradation, independent of hepatic SR-B1 in this glucose-intolerant obese rat model.
Comparison of clinical effects of beclomethasone dipropionate & budesonide in treatment of children with mild persistent asthma
Authors: Singh Anju , Nandan Devki , Dewan Vivek , Sankar Jhuma 
Published: December 2016

Background & objectives:
Various inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are available to control the symptoms of asthma. Although beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and budesonide (BUD) are one of the oldest ICSs, their wide availability and low cost make them attractive options in developing countries. Due to lack of consensus on which of the two drugs is better for controlling mild persistent asthma, we undertook this study to compare the efficacy of these two drugs by measuring the change in percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) from baseline in children with mild persistent asthma.

Methods:
A double-blind, randomized, parallel group study was conducted in children 7-15 yr of age with newly diagnosed asthma. Of the 85 cases of mild persistent asthma, 42 received BUD while 43 received BDP at a dose of 400 µg/day using pressurized metered-dose inhaler with valved spacer for two months. The outcomes measured were change in FEV1, symptom scores and side effects.

Results:
There was a significant (P < 0.05) improvement in FEV1 in BUD group (98.43 ± 4.63%) than in BDP group (95.65 ± 5.66%) at the end of two months of treatment. The mean symptom scores in BUD group (0.28 ± 1.22) and BDP group (0.43 ± 1.52) were comparable after two months. No side effects were seen in either group.

Interpretation & conclusions:
FEV1 was significantly greater in BUD group than BDP group. Improvement in symptoms and incidence of side effects were similar. Our findings indicate that both BDP and BUD can be used effectively in the management of children with mild persistent asthma. [CTRI No: CTRI/2013/03/003495].
Wilms’ tumour 1 gene mutations in south Indian children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Kumar Aravind Selvin , Srilakshmi R. , Karthickeyan S. M. K. , Balakrishnan K. , Padmaraj R. , Senguttuvan Prabha 
Published: December 2016

Background & objectives:
Clinically, nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a diverse group of symptoms; about 20 per cent of NS cases are resistant to steroid treatment, and within ten years they progress to end-stage renal disease. The present study was undertaken to identify the mutations of Wilms’ tumour 1 (WT1) gene in steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) children.

Methods:
A total of 173 children with SRNS and 100 children in the control group were enrolled in the study. DNA extraction was done, screened for WT1 (exons 8 and 9) gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Karyotype analyses were done for WT1 mutation cases.

Results:

WT1 mutations were found in three of 173 SRNS cases (2 girls, 1 boy). All of them had intron 9 (IVS 9 + 4 C>T, 2; IVS + 5 G>A, 1) mutation. Of these three cases, one had familial and another two had sporadic history. Renal histology analysis showed two cases with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and they had external female genitalia but 46, XY karyotype. Both of them had streak gonads. Of the three cases, one expired.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The findings of the present study indicate that all females with SRNS-FSGS should be screened for WT1 gene mutation to diagnose whether they have FS for possible gonadectomy.
Effect of hypertension at presentation on prognosis in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy presenting with normal renal angiogram
Authors: Balije Swetha , Kumar Ashutosh , Bhawani Goru , Murthy Kasturi S. N. , Kumari Neera 
Published: December 2016

Background & objectives:
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a progressive disease of heart with systolic and diastolic dysfunction carrying a poor long-term prognosis. The prognostic index and predictors of mortality are considered to be useful in guiding the treatment. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of hypertension at presentation on prognosis in patients with DCM presenting with normal renal and coronary angiogram.

Methods:
An observational, analytical, non-interventional and a combination of retrospective and prospective study was conducted in patients between 15 and 75 yr of age with DCM having on and off symptoms while receiving treatment in a cardiology outpatient department for more than a year. Sixty patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were assessed by echocardiography along with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class prospectively and at baseline retrospectively. Patients were grouped into two categories: DCM with hypertension at presentation (HTNAP, Category 1) and DCM without hypertension at presentation (NHTNAP, Category 2). The primary end-points were the number and dose of parenteral drugs at hospitalization, duration of hospital stay and change in the left ventricular (LV) systolic function expressed as LV ejection fraction, and the secondary end-points included overall mortality, change in LV and right ventricular systolic and diastolic functions and change in the NYHA functional class between baseline and three month follow up in patients.

Results:
Thirty five and 25 patients presented with HTNAP and NHTNAP, respectively (total 60). The overall mortality was 10 per cent (6/60). The number of hospitalizations was less in HTNAP category and of days of hospital stay was 6.3 in HTNAP and 9.8 in NHTNAP, the difference being significant (P < 0.001). The HTNAP category required less parenteral diuretics and inotropes compared with the NHTNAP category. The echocardiographic parameters showed better improvements in the HTNAP group as compared to the NHTNAP group. Overall, the patients in the <35 yr of age showed the best prognosis (P < 0.001).

Interpretation & conclusions:
Normal or high blood pressure response at acute presentation of DCM leads to better prognosis which may be due to an intact renovascular and an active sympathetic system and can depict the stage of DCM.
Weyl Images of Kantor Pairs
Authors: Allison Bruce , Faulkner John , Smirnov Oleg 
Published: December 2016

AbstractKantor pairs arise naturally in the study of 5-graded Lie algebras. In this article, we introduce and study Kantor pairs with short Peirce gradings and relate themto Lie algebras graded by the root system of type BC2. This relationship allows us to define so-called Weyl images of short Peirce graded Kantor pairs. We use Weyl images to construct new examples of Kantor pairs, including a class of infinite dimensional central simple Kantor pairs over a field of characteristic ≠ 2 or 3, as well as a family of forms of a split Kantor pair of type E6.
High-resolution observations of small-scale gravity waves and turbulence features in the OH airglow layer
Authors: Sedlak René , Hannawald Patrick , Schmidt Carsten , Wüst Sabine , Bittner Michael 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. A new version of the Fast Airglow Imager (FAIM) for the detection of atmospheric waves in the OH airglow layer has been set up at the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) at Oberpfaffenhofen (48.09° N, 11.28° E), Germany. The spatial resolution of the instrument is 17 m pixel−1 in zenith direction with a field of view (FOV) of 11.1 km  ×  9.0 km at the OH layer height of ca. 87 km. Since November 2015, the system has been in operation in two different setups (zenith angles 46 and 0°) with a temporal resolution of 2.5 to 2.8 s. In a first case study we present observations of two small wave-like features that might be attributed to gravity wave instabilities. In order to spectrally analyse harmonic structures even on small spatial scales down to 550 m horizontal wavelength, we made use of the maximum entropy method (MEM) since this method exhibits an excellent wavelength resolution. MEM further allows analysing relatively short data series, which considerably helps to reduce problems such as stationarity of the underlying data series from a statistical point of view. We present an observation of the subsequent decay of well-organized wave fronts into eddies, which we tentatively interpret in terms of an indication for the onset of turbulence. Another remarkable event which demonstrates the technical capabilities of the instrument was observed during the night of 4–5 April 2016. It reveals the disintegration of a rather homogenous brightness variation into several filaments moving in different directions and with different speeds. It resembles the formation of a vortex with a horizontal axis of rotation likely related to a vertical wind shear. This case shows a notable similarity to what is expected from theoretical modelling of Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities (KHIs). The comparatively high spatial resolution of the presented new version of the FAIM provides new insights into the structure of atmospheric wave instability and turbulent processes. Infrared imaging of wave dynamics on the sub-kilometre scale in the airglow layer supports the findings of theoretical simulations and modellings.
The Budyko functions under non-steady-state conditions
Authors: Moussa Roger , Lhomme Jean-Paul 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The Budyko functions relate the evaporation ratio E ∕ P (E is evaporation and P precipitation) to the aridity index Φ  =  Ep ∕ P (Ep is potential evaporation) and are valid on long timescales under steady-state conditions. A new physically based formulation (noted as Moussa–Lhomme, ML) is proposed to extend the Budyko framework under non-steady-state conditions taking into account the change in terrestrial water storage ΔS. The variation in storage amount ΔS is taken as negative when withdrawn from the area at stake and used for evaporation and positive otherwise, when removed from the precipitation and stored in the area. The ML formulation introduces a dimensionless parameter HE  =  −ΔS ∕ Ep and can be applied with any Budyko function. It represents a generic framework, easy to use at various time steps (year, season or month), with the only data required being Ep, P and ΔS. For the particular case where the Fu–Zhang equation is used, the ML formulation with ΔS  ≤  0 is similar to the analytical solution of Greve et al. (2016) in the standard Budyko space (Ep ∕ P, E ∕ P), a simple relationship existing between their respective parameters. The ML formulation is extended to the space [Ep ∕ (P − ΔS), E ∕ (P − ΔS)] and compared to the formulations of Chen et al. (2013) and Du et al. (2016). The ML (or Greve et al., 2016) feasible domain has a similar upper limit to that of Chen et al. (2013) and Du et al. (2016), but its lower boundary is different. Moreover, the domain of variation of Ep ∕ (P − ΔS) differs: for ΔS  ≤  0, it is bounded by an upper limit 1 ∕ HE in the ML formulation, while it is only bounded by a lower limit in Chen et al.'s (2013) and Du et al.'s (2016) formulations. The ML formulation can also be conducted using the dimensionless parameter HP = −ΔS ∕ P instead of HE, which yields another form of the equations.
Analysing post-earthquake landslide activity using multi-temporal landslide inventories near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Tang Chenxiao , Van Westen Cees J. , Tanyas Hakan , Jetten Victor G. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Large earthquakes in mountainous regions may trigger thousands of landslides, some active for years. We analysed the changes in landslide activity near the epicentre of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake by generating five landslide inventories for different years through stereoscopic digital visual image interpretation. From May 2008 to April 2015, 660 new landslides occurred outside the co-seismic landslide areas. In April 2015, the number of active landslides had gone down to 66, less than 1 % of the co-seismic landslides, but still much higher than the pre-earthquake levels. We expect that the landslide activity will continue to decay, but may be halted if extreme rainfall events occur.
Jewish Spaces? Defining Nazi Ghettos Then and Now
Authors: Lehnstaedt Stephan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
During World War II, the Germans set up some 350 ghettos for Jews in Generalgouvernement Poland alone. In doing so, they defined ‘Jewish living quarters’ quite different from what was previously the case. Although initially not part of an extermination plan, they later became gathering centers prior to deportation and genocide. This article discusses how Nazi perceptions and classifications of ghettos changed over time. This is then contrasted with historians’ findings and the discourse on Nazi ghettos after 2002. At that time, German government officials, judges, and Holocaust survivors disputed interpretations because it was relevant for newly introduced German pensions for labor in ghettos. With government and pension funds unwilling to make any payments, historical research became crucial—and controversial as it supported a much more generous understanding of the law. All these definitions of ghettos meet with the memory of Eastern European Jews only coincidentally. For the latter, a specific labelling hardly mattered as much as it did for those analyzing history or dealing with its financial consequences. The concept of Jewish spaces will help one understand these proceedings, as it aims at the difference between mere geographical Jewish places and spaces in which Jewish activities are or were actually performed. In this respect, Nazi ghettos truly are Jewish spaces without Jews.
Catalogue of Danish Alysiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with the description of two new species of Aspilota Foerster, 1863
Authors: Peris-Felipo Francisco Javier , Belokobylskij Sergey A. , Vilhelmsen Lars , Munk Thorkild 
Published: December 2016

In the present study, a total of 153 species of Alysiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Denmark are catalogued. Two species are described as new for science: Aspilota leptoarticulata Munk & Peris-Felipo sp. nov. and A. grandis Munk & Peris-Felipo sp. nov. Additionally, 38 alysiine species are recorded for the first time for the Danish fauna. A faunistic list with distribution data and host records is provided.
Determination of sprite streamers altitude based on N2 spectroscopic analysis
Authors: Ihaddadene Mohand A. , Celestin Sebastien 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFuture space missions (e.g., ASIM and TARANIS) are soon to be launched to observe transient luminous events (TLEs) from a nadir‐viewing geometry. The mission GLIMS already performed observations of TLEs from a nadir‐viewing geometry on board the International Space Station. Although this observation geometry is of first interest to study TLEs, it makes the determination of some quantities, such as streamer altitudes, very difficult. In this study, we propose a method to estimate the altitude of downward propagating sprite streamers using a spectrophotometric approach. Using a plasma fluid model, we simulate sprite streamers at different altitudes and quantify their optical emissions in the Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) (∼100–260 nm), the first positive (1PN2) (∼650–1070 nm), and the second positive (2PN2) (∼330–450 nm) bands systems of molecular nitrogen and the first negative (
) (∼390–430 nm) bands systems of
. The estimation of associated ratios allows to trace back the electric field in the streamer head as well as the altitude at which the streamer is propagating owing to different dependencies of quenching processes on the air density. The method takes into account the nonsteady state of the populations of some excited species and the exponential expansion of the streamer. The reported results could potentially be used for all TLEs but is of special interest in the case of column sprites or at the early stage of carrot sprites.