bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship quality affects fission decisions in wild spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
Authors: Busia Laura , Schaffner Colleen M. , Aureli Filippo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFission–fusion dynamics are thought to be mainly a response to differential availability of food resources. However, social factors may also play a role. Here, we examined whether the quality of social relationships between group members affects fission decisions. During 21 months, we collected data on social interactions and fission events of 22 spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) living in a community in the protected area of Otoch Ma'ax Yetel Kooh, Yucatan, Mexico. By entering seven indexes of social interactions into a principal component analysis, we obtained three components of relationship quality, which we labelled “compatibility,” “value” and “insecurity” given the relative loadings of the indexes. Our results showed that individuals were more likely to fission into the same subgroup with community members with whom they shared higher levels of compatibility and value and lower levels of insecurity. In addition, individuals preferred to fission into the same subgroup with same‐sex group members, as expected based on what is known for the species. Our findings highlight the role of social factors in fission decisions. Adjustments in subgroup size are based on multifaceted social preferences, incorporating previously unexamined aspects of relationship quality, which are independent from overall levels of affiliative interactions.
Combined activity of temozolomide and the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus in metastatic melanoma involves DKK1
Authors: Niessner Heike , Kosnopfel Corinna , Sinnberg Tobias , Beck Daniela , Krieg Kathrin , Wanke Ines , Lasithiotakis Konstantinos , Bonin Michael , Garbe Claus , Meier Friedegund 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe BRAFV600E inhibitor vemurafenib achieves remarkable clinical responses in patients with BRAF‐mutant melanoma, but its effects are limited by the onset of drug resistance. In the case of resistance, chemotherapy can still be applied as second line therapy. However, it yields low response rates and strategies are urgently needed to potentiate its effects. In a previous study, we showed that the inhibition of the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR pathway significantly increases sensitivity of melanoma cells to chemotherapeutic drugs (J. Invest. Dermatol. 2009, 129, 1500). In this study, the combination of the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus with the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide significantly increases growth inhibition and apoptosis in melanoma cells compared to temsirolimus or temozolomide alone. The combination of temozolomide with temsirolimus is not only effective in established but also in newly isolated and vemurafenib‐resistant metastatic melanoma cell lines. These effects are associated with the downregulation of the anti‐apoptotic protein Mcl‐1 and the upregulation of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf homologue 1 (DKK1). Knock‐down of DKK1 suppresses apoptosis induction by the combination of temsirolimus and temozolomide. These data suggest that the inhibition of the mTOR pathway increases sensitivity of melanoma cells towards temozolomide. Chemosensitisation is associated with enhanced expression of the Wnt antagonist DKK1.
Implications of piscine predator control on the federally listed fountain darter
Authors: Clark M. K. , Ostrand K. G. , Bonner T. H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOne strategy for protecting the federally listed fountain darter, Etheostoma fonticola (Jordan & Gilbert), during low flow conditions is the removal of piscine carnivores [in this case, largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède)]. However, headwater spring communities of the Comal and San Marcos rivers include another potential predator [red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard)]. Removal of piscine carnivores could produce cascading effects by increasing crayfish consumption of benthic fish. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if piscine carnivore removal will lessen predatory pressure or induce a trophic cascade with crayfish increasing and causing declines in fountain darter. The numbers of fountain darter consumed were quantified among three predator treatments (red swamp crayfish only, largemouth bass only and red swamp crayfish and largemouth bass combined) and vegetation treatments (vegetated and non‐vegetated) at three temperature regimes (18, 22, 27°C). Vegetation had no effect on fountain darter predation. Among temperature trials, largemouth bass only and red swamp crayfish and largemouth bass combined consumed similar numbers of fountain darter, and red swamp crayfish only consumed the least numbers of fountain darter, except at 22°C. Largemouth bass did not consume more red swamp crayfish than fountain darter. Therefore, largemouth bass removal appears to be a viable option for reducing fountain darter predation during periods of low flow.
The Dark Triad of Personality and Considering Cosmetic Surgery: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Chegeni Razieh , Atari Mohammad 
Published: April 2017

This study is the first to directly investigate the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and considering cosmetic surgery. The sample consisted of 222 university students, aged between 18 and 37 (M = 24.59, SD = 4.17), from Tehran, Iran. Participants completed the Short Dark Triad scale and “consider” subscale of Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale. Descriptive statistics and evaluation of sex differences suggested that psychopathy was significantly higher in men and considering cosmetic surgery was significantly higher in women. Correlational analyses showed that psychopathy was associated with considering cosmetic surgery in men and women. Machiavellianism was associated with considering cosmetic surgery in women, but not men. Narcissism was not found to be related to considering cosmetic surgery. Findings of this study indicated that psychopathy is associated with considering cosmetic surgery. Moreover, sex moderated the relationship between Machiavellianism and considering cosmetic surgery. Implications of this exploratory study and future directions are discussed.
Pain management coaching: The missing link in the care of individuals living with chronic pain
Authors: Curtis Rebecca , O'Beso Joel 
Published: April 2017

This article describes the preliminary findings on the efficacy of a Comprehensive Telephonic Pain Self‐Management Coaching Program (CTPSCP) in improving pain‐related outcomes for adults being treated for chronic pain. Analyses of pain‐related data collected by administering the Pain Outcomes Questionnaire‐For Civilians (POQ‐C) to participants in a CTPSCP at intake, at the 6‐month mid‐point (n = 51), and at the 12‐month completion of the program (n = 33). A paired‐sample t test was conducted to evaluate whether there was a reduction in scores on the POQ‐C. The results indicated that there was a significant reduction in the POQ‐C scores from intake to 6‐ and 12‐months follow‐up. The total scores on the POQ‐C dropped from the 50%–74% range of pain to the 10%–24% range. Separate score decreases in the six subscales were statistically significant as well. These findings support the implementation of a CTPSCP as an effective adjunctive intervention, potentiating the standard medical treatments. Future studies should focus on direct comparisons between telephonic coaching and face‐to‐face coaching, and between pain management coaching and cognitive‐behavioral therapy. What makes a good CTPSCP candidate and “optimal treatment dose” need to be elucidated. Finally, comparative cost‐effectiveness and reimbursement models from insurance carriers should be explored as well.
The qualitative f‐ratio method applied to electron channelling‐induced x‐ray imaging with an annular silicon drift detector in a scanning electron microscope in the transmission mode
Authors: BRODUSCH NICOLAS , GAUVIN RAYNALD 
Published: April 2017

SummaryElectron channelling is known to affect the x‐ray production when an accelerated electron beam is applied to a crystalline material and is highly dependent on the local crystal orientation. This effect, unless very long counting time are used, is barely noticeable on x‐ray energy spectra recorded with conventional silicon drift detectors (SDD) located at a small elevation angle. However, the very high count rates provided by the new commercially available annular SDDs permit now to observe this effect routinely and may, in some circumstances, hide the true elemental x‐ray variations due to the local true specimen composition. To circumvent this issue, the recently developed f‐ratio method was applied to display qualitatively the true net intensity x‐ray variations in a thin specimen of a Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy in a scanning electron microscope in transmission mode. The diffraction contrast observed in the x‐ray images was successfully cancelled through the use of f‐ratios and the true composition variations at the grain boundaries could be observed in relation to the dislocation alignment prior to the β‐phase nucleation. The qualitative effectiveness in removing channelling effects demonstrated in this work makes the f‐ratio, in its quantitative form, a possible alternative to the ZAF method in channelling conditions.
Cholinergic/glutamatergic co‐transmission in striatal cholinergic interneurons: new mechanisms regulating striatal computation
Authors: Kljakic Ornela , Janickova Helena , Prado Vania F. , Prado Marco A. M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIt is well established that neurons secrete neuropeptides and ATP with classical neurotransmitters; however, certain neuronal populations are also capable of releasing two classical neurotransmitters by a process named co‐transmission. Although there has been progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying co‐transmission, the individual regulation of neurotransmitter secretion and the functional significance of this neuronal ‘bilingualism’ is still unknown. Striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) have been shown to secrete glutamate (Glu) in addition to acetylcholine (ACh) and are recognized for their role in the regulation of striatal circuits and behavior. Our review highlights the recent research into identifying mechanisms that regulate the secretion and function of Glu and ACh released by CINs and the roles these neurons play in regulating dopamine secretion and striatal activity. In particular, we focus on how the transporters for ACh (VAChT) and Glu (VGLUT3) influence the storage of neurotransmitters in CINs. We further discuss how these individual neurotransmitters regulate striatal computation and distinct aspects of behavior that are regulated by the striatum. We suggest that understanding the distinct and complementary functional roles of these two neurotransmitters may prove beneficial in the development of therapies for Parkinson's disease and addiction. Overall, understanding how Glu and ACh secreted by CINs impacts striatal activity may provide insight into how different populations of ‘bilingual’ neurons are able to develop sophisticated regulation of their targets by interacting with multiple receptors but also by regulating each other's vesicular storage.This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
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Functional identification of activity‐regulated, high‐affinity glutamine transport in hippocampal neurons inhibited by riluzole
Authors: Erickson Jeffrey D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGlutamine (Gln) is considered the preferred precursor for the neurotransmitter pool of glutamate (Glu), the major excitatory transmitter in the mammalian CNS. Here, an activity‐regulated, high‐affinity Gln transport system is described in developing and mature neuron‐enriched hippocampal cultures that is potently inhibited by riluzole (IC50 1.3 ± 0.5 μM), an anti‐glutamatergic drug, and is blocked by low concentrations of 2‐(methylamino)isobutyrate (MeAIB), a system A transport inhibitor. K+‐stimulated MeAIB transport displays an affinity (Km) for MeAIB of 37 ± 1.2 μM, saturates at ~ 200 μM, is dependent on extracellular Ca2+, and is blocked by inhibition of voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels. Spontaneous MeAIB transport is also dependent on extracellullar Ca2+ and voltage‐gated calcium channels, but is also blocked by the Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin, by Glu receptor antagonists, and by GABA indicating its dependence on intact neural circuits driven by endogenous glutamatergic activity. The transport of MeAIB itself does not rely on Ca2+, but on Na+ ions, and is pH sensitive. Activity‐regulated, riluzole‐sensitive spontaneous and K+‐stimulated transport is minimal at 7–8 days in vitro, coordinately induced during the next 2 weeks and is maximally expressed by days in vitro > 20; the known period for maturation of the Glu/Gln cycle and regulated pre‐synaptic Glu release. Competition analyses with various amino acids indicate that Gln is the most likely physiological substrate. Activity‐regulated Gln/MeAIB transport is not observed in astrocytes. The functional identification of activity‐regulated, high‐affinity, riluzole‐sensitive Gln/MeAIB transport in hippocampal neurons may have important ramifications in the neurobiology of activity‐stimulated pre‐synaptic Glu release, the Glu/Gln cycle between astrocytes and neurons, and neuronal Glu‐induced excitotoxicity.
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Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13805.
Late pubertal growth spurt in a girl with growth hormone deficiency: Is Kaufmann therapy effective in a girl with short stature who responds poorly to growth hormone therapy and estrogen‐replacement therapy?
Authors: Yasuda Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA Japanese senior high school girl aged 18 years and 5 months with growth hormone deficiency was referred for primary amenorrhea. Her height was 1.36 m, and her bodyweight was 23.5 kg. She had received daily growth hormone therapy from the age of 5 years. Growth hormone therapy was discontinued at the age of 16 years and 11 months, and estrogen‐replacement therapy (ERT) was started to stimulate secondary sexual characteristics. Although ERT was performed until the age of 18 years and 11 months, genital bleeding did not occur. ERT was changed to Kaufmann therapy, and the first genital bleeding occurred 1 year and 4 months later. Finally, regular medically induced menses occurred at the age of 21 years and 10 months. Her height increased by 9 cm in 1 year after the initiation of menstrual bleeding. Kaufmann therapy was associated not only with menstrual bleeding but also with growth spurt.
Novel technique for adhesion barrier insertion by using cut‐off surgical glove fingers in laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Nakagawa Hitomi , Yoshimura Kazuaki , Nishimura Kazuaki , Hachisuga Toru 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimLaparoscopic surgery causes fewer postoperative adhesions than laparotomy and adhesion barriers are used to lessen the chance of adhesion. Sodium hyaluronate and carboxymethylcellulose (SH‐CMC), a bioresorbable membrane, is effective in preventing adhesions. However, its properties make it difficult to insert the film into the abdominal cavity and to place it into the target area during laparoscopic surgeries. Here we report a novel technique for applying SH‐CMC during laparoscopic surgeries by using cut‐off surgical glove fingers.MethodsIn our dry‐box experiment, we found that SH‐CMC became more flexible after moisturizing for 30 s. Therefore, for this procedure, we moisturizing both sides of the SH‐CMC sheet (7.35 × 6.35 cm) on wet gauze (for 30 s). The film was rolled into cut‐off surgical glove fingers and inserted into the abdominal cavity through a 12‐mm trocar. The film was then removed from the glove finger and unrolled onto the target area (glove‐finger method).ResultsThe dry‐box experiment revealed that moisturizing both sides of SH‐CMC for 30 s/side, 15 min after package removal, made the film more flexible. Ninety of 96 attempts with SH‐CMC were successful among the 24 patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy with our glove‐finger method.ConclusionOur glove‐finger method can realize the smooth application of SH‐CMC to the target area during laparoscopic surgeries.
Risks of thromboembolism associated with hormone contraceptives in Japanese compared with Western women
Authors: Kobayashi Takao , Sugiura Kazuko , Ojima Toshiyuki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe extracted 581 thromboembolic events associated with combined oral contraceptives (COC) that occurred between 2004 and 2013 in Japan, from the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency database. The most common thromboembolic events associated with COC were deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and their combination. The reported thromboembolic events increased year by year, in association with an increase in the quantity of prescribed low‐dose estrogen progestin after approval for health insurance coverage for dysmenorrhea in 2008 in Japan. The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Japanese COC users is estimated to be lower compared with their Western counterparts. In contrast, the frequency of all thromboembolic events peaked at 90 days from the start of COC, as in Western studies. The risk of VTE in the overweight group (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) was more than twofold higher than in the standard group, and age‐specific incidence rate rose sharply after the age of 40. There were different VTE risks according to progestin type in Japan as in Western countries, but a definite conclusion about risk according to progestin type was not able to be reached at present. As for the risk of arterial embolism and thrombosis, the difference by progestin type was small, but it became higher at ≥50 years of age. Last, mortality rate caused by thromboembolism is extremely low among COC users.
Successful vaginal delivery at term after vaginal reconstruction with labium minus flaps in a patient with vaginal atresia: A rare case report
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Yi‐Feng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe report a case of successful vaginal delivery after vaginal reconstruction with labium minus flaps in a 23‐year‐old patient with congenital vaginal atresia. The patient primarily presented with amenorrhea and cyclic abdominal pain; transabdominal ultrasonography revealed an enlarged uterus due to hematometra and absence of the lower segment of the vagina. Eight years ago, she had undergone an unsuccessful attempt at canalization at a local hospital. Upon referral to our hospital, she underwent vaginal reconstruction with labium minus flaps. Four months after this procedure, she became pregnant and, subsequently, successfully and safely vaginally delivered a healthy female baby weighing 3250 g at 38+1 weeks' gestation. The delivery did not involve perineal laceration by lateral episiotomy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of successful vaginal delivery at term after vaginal reconstruction with labium minus flaps in a patient with vaginal atresia.
Efficacy of Tulathromycin for the Treatment of Foals with Mild to Moderate Bronchopneumonia
Authors: Rutenberg D. , Venner M. , Giguère S. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThere is conflicting data regarding the efficacy of tulathromycin for the treatment of foals with bronchopneumonia.HypothesesTulathromycin is effective for the treatment of bronchopneumonia in foals and noninferior to the combination of azithromycin and rifampin.AnimalsA total of 240 foals on a farm endemic for infections caused byRhodococcus equi.MethodsIn a controlled, randomized, and double‐blinded clinical trial, foals with ultrasonographic pulmonary lesions (abscess score 10–15 cm) were allocated to 3 groups: 1—tulathromycinIMq 7 days (n = 80); 2—azithromycin‐rifampin, orally q24h (n = 80); or 3—untreated controls (n = 80). Physical examination and thoracic ultrasonography were performed by individuals unaware of treatment group assignment. Foals that worsened were considered treatment failures and removed from the study.ResultsThe proportion of foals that recovered was significantly higher for foals treated with tulathromycin (70 of 79) or azithromycin‐rifampin (76 of 80) compared to that of control foals (22 of 80). The difference in the percentage of efficacy of azithromycin‐rifampin versus tulathromycin was 6.4% (90%CI= −0.72–13.5%). Given that the confidence interval crossed the predetermined noninferiority limit of 10%, the null hypothesis that the response rate in the azithromycin‐rifampin group is superior to that of the tulathromycin group could not be rejected. Resolution of ultrasonographic lesions occurred faster in foals treated with azithromycin‐rifampin than in foals treated with tulathromycin.Conclusion and clinical importanceTulathromycin was effective for the treatment of bronchopneumonia in foals at this farm but not as effective as the combination of azithromycin‐rifampin.
Associations among relational values, support, health, and well‐being across the adult lifespan
Authors: CHOPIK WILLIAM J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIs the link between close relationships and health and well‐being static across the lifespan, or are the benefits most evident in older adulthood, when concerns about physical health are greater? In Study 1, a cross‐sectional survey of 271,053 adults, valuing friendships was related to better functioning, particularly among older adults, whereas valuing familial relationships exerted a static influence on health and well‐being across the lifespan. In Study 2, a longitudinal study of 7,481 older adults, only strain from friendships predicted more chronic illnesses over a 6‐year period; support from spouses, children, and friends predicted higher subjective well‐being over an 8‐year period.
Utility of mitochondrial‐encoded cytochrome c oxidase I gene for phylogenetic analysis and species identification of the planktonic diatom genus Skeletonema
Authors: Yamada Machiko , Otsubo Mayuko , Tsutsumi Yuki , Mizota Chiaki , Nakamura Yuka , Takahashi Kazuya , Iwataki Mitsunori 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYSmall subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences have been commonly used to delineate the taxonomy and biogeography of the planktonic diatom genus Skeletonema, but the genes occur as multiple copies and are therefore not suitable for barcoding purposes. Here, we analyzed phylogenetic relationships of Skeletonema using the mitochondrial‐encoded cytochrome c oxidase I gene (cox1), as well as partial LSU rDNA (D1–D3) and SSU rDNA, to identify the factors that define species and to evaluate the utility of these three markers for this taxon. Twelve Skeletonema species were divided into six clades, I–VI, each of which comprised the same species by the three markers: clades I (S. japonicum, S. grethae, S. pseudocostatum, and S. tropicum), II (S. menzelii), III (S. dohrnii and S. marinoi), IV (S. costatum, S. potamos, and S. subsalsum), V (S. grevillei), and VI (S. ardens). However, the branching order among these clades was incongruent among the markers. In clade III, six S. marinoi strains had identical cox1 sequences. These S. marinoi strains branched along with S. dohrnii, except for strains from the Gulf of Naples, with high support in cox1. Species delimitation between S. dohrnii and S. marinoi was therefore not supported. In clade IV, S. costatum and S. subsalsum were robustly clustered, with S. potamos as a sister clade in the cox1 tree, not in the LSU and SSU trees. In clade II, cox1 also confirmed that S. menzelii includes three subclades potentially distinguishable from each other by morphological features. Cox1 proved to be the most useful marker for the identification of Skeletonema species because it gave a tree with highly supported clades, has sufficient variation within and among species, encodes a protein in a single copy, and requires relatively few primers.