bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-articular Lesions: Imaging and Surgical Correlation
Authors: Todorski Inga , Lerch Till , Schwab Joseph , Cullmann-Bastian Jennifer , Tannast Moritz , Schmaranzer Florian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe past 2 decades have seen a substantial increase in hip joint preserving procedures, primarily secondary to not only hip dysplasia, but the recognition and description of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), and its association with chondral lesions, as a potentially pre-arthritic condition. Morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an essential role in the preoperative assessment of osseous deformities and in particular of the resulting joint degeneration. An accurate descriptive report of chondrolabral lesions is warranted describing the tear pattern, size, localization, and extension of the lesions. This is important because different damage patterns and localization of the lesions may determine the surgical approach. The current imaging standard is direct magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) with a small field of view, with acquisition of radial images in addition to the classic coronal, sagittal, and axial-oblique images. Early cartilage damage detected on direct MRA obtained with or without traction can predict long-term failure after FAI surgery.
Hip Imaging: Normal Variants and Asymptomatic Findings
Authors: Vande Berg Bruno , Omoumi Patrick 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWith the increasing use of imaging as a diagnostic tool for hip pain, more and more anatomical variants are detected, and more findings are seen in asymptomatic populations, especially in older individuals. The radiologist must be aware of these variants and asymptomatic findings to avoid interpretative errors and overdiagnosis. In this review, we cover frequently encountered anatomical variants and asymptomatic findings that can be found in the bony structures of the hip, the joint itself, as well as in the surrounding soft tissues.
Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: Abductors, External Rotators
Authors: Falkowski Anna , Kovacs Balazs , Hirschmann Anna 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChronic pain and tenderness at the greater trochanter characterizes trochanteric pain syndrome. For a long time, trochanteric bursitis was thought to be the only underlying pathology; however, investigations have shown that tendinopathy of the abductors is the main cause, followed by iliotibial band thickening and, to a lesser extent, abductor tendon tears. Trochanteric bursitis can be associated with it. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), peritrochanteric T2 abnormalities are evident in greater trochanteric pain syndrome. However, this is also frequently encountered in asymptomatic patients. In the postoperative setting, patients with total hip arthroplasties and transtendinous lateral or posterior surgical access are prone to tendon injury. Symptomatic patients typically present with tendon tears, whereas peritrochanteric fluid, thickening, and signal alterations of the abductors and fatty atrophy of the gluteus minimus muscle are often encountered in asymptomatic postoperative hips. MRI and ultrasound are proven and reliable imaging modalities in patients with greater trochanteric pain syndrome. Awareness of typical imaging findings, in particular in postoperative patients, are helpful in the evaluation of patients.
Purely Cystic Desmoplastic Ganglioglioma: An Incidental Finding in a Giant Cyst
Authors: Bansal Sumit , Mahapatra Ashok , Patra Susama , Gharei Radhamohan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDesmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma (DIG) is a rare supratentorial brain tumor occurring mostly before the age of 2 years. It has a good prognosis and total excision of the tumor is curative, necessitating no further treatment. An accurate pathologic diagnosis is crucial. Until now, approximately 70 cases of this tumor type have been reported. Solid-cystic variety is mostly described with occasional purely solid type lesion also. We are presenting a 12-month-old male infant with developmental delay and a giant cyst on the right side of supratentorial compartment, which showed histological features of desmoplastic ganglioglioma. Hence, the current case is reporting the rare histologic finding of cystic change in desmoplastic ganglioglioma. Cystic form of desmoplastic ganglioglioma should be considered in differential diagnosis of supratentorial cystic lesion in an infant. Prognosis is excellent after complete excision.
Rekonstruktive Chirurgie der Harnröhre
Authors: Zugor Vahudin , Porres Daniel , Karapanos Leonidas , Heidenreich Axel , Akbarov Ilgar 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungUrethrastrikturen können in jedem Lebensalter auftreten. Häufig entstehen sie iatrogen nach traumatischen Kathetereinlagen und transurethralen Eingriffen. Die endoskopische Schlitzung ist der einfachste, aber auch der mit den häufigsten Rezidiven behaftete operative Eingriff. Die retrograde Urethrografie bzw. Zysturethrografie spielt weiterhin eine zentrale Rolle in der Diagnostik und Therapieplanung. Eine einheitliche Vorgehensweise bzgl. der Operationstechnik, des perioperativen Managements und der postoperativen Verlaufskontrollen fehlt. Die genaue Kenntnis der Harnröhre und der urogenitalen Anatomie sind Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche urethrale Chirurgie. Die dauerhafte Beseitigung einer Striktur kann häufig nur durch offene rekonstruktive Eingriffe erreicht werden. Die End-zu-End-Harnröhrenplastik wird hierbei für kurze bulbäre Harnröhrenstrikturen angewendet, während die Harnröhrenplastik mit Mundschleimhaut im Fall von längeren bulbären und penilen Strikturen zum Einsatz kommt. Die Harnröhren-Rekonstruktion mit dem autologen patienteneigenen Zelltransplantat MukoCell® ist eine schonende und vielversprechende Alternative zur herkömmlichen Transplantation mit nativer Mundschleimhaut. Die komplexen urethralen Rekonstruktionen sollten in Zentren mit entsprechender Expertise durchgeführt werden.
Die motorische Entwicklung von Kindern mit frühkindlichem Innenschielen
Authors: Dillmann Julia , Freitag Claudia , Holve Kerstin , Schweinfurth Silke , Lorenz Birgit , Schwarzer Gudrun 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Im frühen bis mittleren Kindesalter ist der Zusammenhang zwischen der motorischen Entwicklung und den kindlichen visuell-räumlichen Fähigkeiten bereits vielfach nachgewiesen worden. Bisher wurden diese Zusammenhänge jedoch meist bei gesunden Kindern oder bei Kindern mit motorischen Einschränkungen untersucht. Wenig erforscht ist jedoch, inwieweit die motorische Entwicklung bei Kindern mit beeinträchtigter visuell-räumlicher Verarbeitung aufgrund von frühkindlichem Innenschielen verändert ist und welche Auswirkungen eine erste korrigierende Schieloperation auf die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit der Kinder hat. Zudem liefern die wenigen durchgeführten Studien teilweise widersprüchliche Ergebnisse.
Patienten und Methoden In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchten wir 3- bis 7-jährige Kinder, die über kein Binokularsehen aufgrund von ausgeprägtem Innenschielen (Esotropie) (Schielwinkel ≥ 12°) verfügten. Die motorische Entwicklung der Kinder mit Esotropie wurde kurz vor und 12 bis 16 Monate nach einer ersten korrigierenden Schieloperation mit der Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC-2) beurteilt und jeweils mit den Werten einer gesunden Kontrollstichprobe verglichen.
Ergebnisse Hinsichtlich der motorischen Gesamtleistung zeigten die Kinder mit frühkindlicher Esotropie sowohl vor als auch nach dem operativen Eingriff eine geringere Leistung als die augengesunden Kontrollkinder. Präoperativ waren bei den Kindern mit Esotropie insbesondere die Subskalen Handgeschicklichkeit und Balance beeinträchtigt, postoperativ die Subskalen Handgeschicklichkeit und Ballfertigkeiten. In keinem Bereich verbesserten sich die Kinder mit frühkindlicher Esotropie signifikant nach OP im Vergleich zu vor OP. Jedoch schnitten die Patienten, die den Bagolini-Test positiv erkannten, signifikant besser im Bereich der Balance ab als die Patienten, die den Bagolini-Test nicht erkannten.
Schlussfolgerung Die Kinder mit frühkindlichem Innenschielen zeigten deutliche motorische Defizite, sowohl vor als auch nach einer ersten korrigierenden Schieloperation. Zudem wirkte sich messbares Simultansehen positiv auf die Balance der Kinder aus. Mögliche Erklärungen und praktische Implikationen werden diskutiert.
Myelin-Oligodendrozyten-Glykoprotein-Antikörper bei Neuritis nervi optici im Kindesalter
Authors: Tegetmeyer Helmut , Merkenschlager Andreas 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Myelin-Oligodendrozyten-Glykoprotein (MOG) ist an der Oberfläche der Myelinscheiden und der Oligodendrozyten im Zentralnervensystem lokalisiert. Im Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter zeigt sich eine Assoziation von MOG-AK im Serum mit rezidivierender und bilateraler Neuritis nervi optici (NNO), mit akuter disseminierter Enzephalitis (ADEM) und mit transverser Myelitis (TM). Die Kombination von NNO mit TM oder anderen entzündlichen Hirnläsionen ist typisch für eine Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankung (NMO-SD), die mit hochspezifischen pathogenen Aquaporin-4-IgG-Autoantikörpern (AQP4-AK) im Serum assoziiert ist. Kinder mit NMO-SD sind häufig seronegativ für AQP4-AK, aber seropositiv für MOG-AK. Krankheitsverlauf und Therapie der NNO bei Kindern mit NNO-positiven MOG-AK sind deshalb von besonderem Interesse.
Patienten Die Krankheitsverläufe von 2 8-jährigen Jungen mit akuter NNO werden dargestellt (bilaterale NNO, AQP4-AK negativ, MOG-AK positiv). Patient 1 erlitt trotz immunsuppressiver Therapie mehrere Rezidive bei persistierenden MOG-AK mit zunehmender Optikusatrophie, erheblicher einseitiger Visusminderung und passagerer Hirnstammbeteiligung. Bei Patient 2 liegt ein bisher monophasischer Verlauf mit raschem Abfall der MOG-AK und nur geringer asymmetrischer Optikusatrophie vor.
Diskussion MOG-AK sind im Kindesalter mit rezidivierender NNO und Hirnläsionen assoziiert, die typisch für eine ADEM oder eine NMO-SD sind. In der akuten Phase der klinischen Symptomatik werden hohe MOG-AK-Titer beobachtet. Rezidive der NNO führen zu einem zunehmenden Verlust der retinalen Nervenfaserschicht. Diagnostisch sind die Antikörperbestimmung (AQP4-AK, MOG-AK) sowie eine MRT-Bildgebung obligat. Als therapeutische Schlussfolgerung ergibt sich daraus die Notwendigkeit einer konsequenten Behandlung mit initial Kortikosteroiden und nachfolgender Immunsuppression (z. B. Azathioprin, Mycophenolat, bei refraktären Fällen auch Rituximab) sowie der Kontrolle der MOG-AK-Titer.
Assessment of Early Migration Dynamics of River‐Specific Hatchery Atlantic Salmon Smolts
Authors: Hawkes James P. , Sheehan Timothy F. , Stich Daniel S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMany Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar populations within the southern extent of the species’ range are at critically low abundances, while others have been extirpated. The focus of many ongoing recovery efforts is on maximizing the number of smolts that reach the ocean, where marine survival is low, primarily through hatchery supplementation and improvement of in‐river hydropower system management. However, estuaries also are known to be sites of high mortality, although in many cases the correlates of this mortality are poorly characterized. We acoustically tagged hatchery smolts (n = 666) during 2001–2005 to evaluate migration performance through freshwater, estuarine, and bay reaches of the small but tidally dynamic Dennys River, Maine, USA, to investigate potential drivers contributing to low returns within the system. Migration behaviors (e.g., migration timing and tidal use) were typical for Atlantic Salmon smolts, but reversals during migration were observed upon entry into the estuary environment more frequently in this system than in regional rivers. We used Cormack–Jolly–Seber mark–recapture models to estimate apparent survival within the study environment during this period. We found two distinct periods of survival, with much lower survival in 2003–2005 than in 2001 and 2002 (more than a 40% decrease). Among the variables considered, temperature and migratory behavior had the largest effects on survival. We found that survival increased by about 28% across the range of temperatures observed during these years; additionally, survival increased by about 15% for fish that reversed direction during migration compared to fish that did not. These results indicate that extreme environmental changes during the transition through this coastal system constitute a significant obstacle to Atlantic Salmon restoration stocking efforts.
Responses of low and high compression during recovery after repeated sprint training in well‐trained handball players
Authors: Zinner Christoph , Pelka Maximilian , Ferrauti Alexander , Meyer Tim , Pfeiffer Mark , Sperlich Billy 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of wearing various levels of compression following repeated and exhausting sprint exercise on variables related to recovery. Twelve well‐trained handball players performed three sessions of repeated and exhausting sprint exercise (30 × 30m). Directly after each session the participants wore tights extending from below the hip to the foot with either 0, 10, or 25 mm Hg of compression onto the thigh and calf muscles. 48 h after the training session all participants performed 5 × 30m sprints and counter movement jumps. Before, directly after, 24 h, and 48 h after the training session venous blood samples were drawn for the determination of creatine kinase (CK), urea, C‐reactive protein (CRP). At the same time points, subjective ratings of the Acute Recovery and Stress Scale (ARSS) questionnaires were obtained. The results for plasma concentrations of CK and urea showed ‘likely’ to ‘very, very likely’ beneficial effects for compression garments exerting 10 mm Hg of compression (p = 0.06–1.0). With regard to sprint and jump performance no differences were evident between 0, 10, and 25 mm Hg (p = 0.07–1.0). In addition, subjective scores from the ARSS did not differ between conditions over time (p > 0.05). We conclude that the application of 10 mm Hg leg compression compared to 0 and 25 mm Hg of compression during 48 h of recovery from repeated and exhausting sprints lowered the plasma concentrations of CK and urea with no improvements in recovery for performance.
Generalized correlation measure using count statistics for gene expression data with ordered samples
Authors: Wang Y X Rachel , Liu Ke , Theusch Elizabeth , Rotter Jerome I , Medina Marisa W , Waterman Michael S , Huang Haiyan 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Capturing association patterns in gene expression levels under different conditions or time points is important for inferring gene regulatory interactions. In practice, temporal changes in gene expression may result in complex association patterns that require more sophisticated detection methods than simple correlation measures. For instance, the effect of regulation may lead to time-lagged associations and interactions local to a subset of samples. Furthermore, expression profiles of interest may not be aligned or directly comparable (e.g. gene expression profiles from two species).

Results
We propose a count statistic for measuring association between pairs of gene expression profiles consisting of ordered samples (e.g. time-course), where correlation may only exist locally in subsequences separated by a position shift. The statistic is simple and fast to compute, and we illustrate its use in two applications. In a cross-species comparison of developmental gene expression levels, we show our method not only measures association of gene expressions between the two species, but also provides alignment between different developmental stages. In the second application, we applied our statistic to expression profiles from two distinct phenotypic conditions, where the samples in each profile are ordered by the associated phenotypic values. The detected associations can be useful in building correspondence between gene association networks under different phenotypes. On the theoretical side, we provide asymptotic distributions of the statistic for different regions of the parameter space and test its power on simulated data.

Availability and implementation
The code used to perform the analysis is available as part of the Supplementary Material.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ALL-PROBE VITRECTOMY DISSECTION TECHNIQUES FOR DIABETIC TRACTIONAL RETINAL DETACHMENTS
Authors: Berrocal María H. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
To describe the all-probe lift and shave technique to remove fibrovascular tissue and repair diabetic retinal detachments. Anatomical and visual acuity outcomes with this technique are presented.

Methods:
In this single surgeon, retrospective review of a consecutive series of eyes with tractional retinal detachment associated with diabetic retinopathy repaired with probe-only dissection techniques. The technique of alternating aspiration with blunt dissection and shaving with the vitrectomy probe is described and shown in video.

Results:
Forty-two eyes with tractional retinal detachment were successfully repaired and achieved anatomical attachment with the lift and shave technique. Twenty eyes were repaired with 27 g vitrectomy and 22 eyes with 25 g. Ninety percent of eyes improved two or more Snellen lines. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. Complications included iatrogenic breaks in one eye (5%), nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage in four eyes (9%), and reoperation in three eyes (7%) for epiretinal membranes.

Conclusion:
The all-probe lift and shave technique of fibrovascular dissection is a streamlined approach for the management of tractional retinal detachments. Advantages include the need for minimal ancillary instrumentation, increased efficiency, and reduced complications.
Corneal Tissue From Dry Eye Donors Leads to Enhanced Graft Rejection
Authors: Inomata Takenori , Hua Jing , Nakao Takeshi , Shiang Tina , Chiang Homer , Amouzegar Afsaneh , Dana Reza 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
To assess the effect of dry eye disease (DED) in graft donors on dendritic cell (DC) maturation, host T-cell sensitization, and corneal allograft rejection.

Methods:
Corneas of control (healthy donor) and DED mice (C57BL/6) were transplanted onto fully allogeneic naive BALB/c recipients (n = 10 mice/group). Long-term allograft survival was evaluated for 8 weeks. Corneas and draining lymph nodes (dLNs) were harvested at posttransplantation day 14 (n = 5 mice/group). The frequencies of MHCIIhigh CD11c+ DCs in the donor corneas and host dLNs and the frequencies of interferon (IFN)-γ+ and IL-17+ CD4+ T cells and Foxp3 expression by Tregs in host dLNs were investigated using flow cytometry. The enzyme-linked immunospot assay was used to assess host T-cell allosensitization through direct and indirect pathways (n = 3/group).

Results:
Recipients of DED donor corneas showed significantly reduced graft survival (10%) compared with control mice (50% survival, P = 0.022), and had significantly increased frequencies of mature DCs in the grafted cornea (DED donor 44.0% ± 0.36% vs. healthy donor 35.4 ± 0.5%; P < 0.0001) and host dLNs (DED donor 25.1% ± 0.66% vs. healthy donor 13.7% ± 1.6%; P = 0.005). Frequencies of IFN-γ+ and IL-17+ T cells were increased in the dLNs of recipients of DED corneas, whereas the expression (mean fluorescence intensity) of Foxp3 in Tregs was decreased significantly in these mice (DED donor 6004 ± 193 vs. healthy donor 6806 ± 81; P = 0.0002). Enzyme-linked immunospot analysis showed that the direct pathway of allosensitization was significantly amplified in recipients of grafts with DED (P = 0.0146).

Conclusions:
Our results indicate that DED in the donor is a significant risk factor for subsequent corneal allograft rejection.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Efficacy of Maraviroc in Treatment-experienced Pediatric Patients Infected With CCR5-Tropic HIV-1
Authors: Giaquinto Carlo , Mawela Muthuhadini Patience , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Negra Marinella Della , Mitha Ismail Haroon , Fourie Jan , Fang Annie , van der Ryst Elna , Valluri Srinivas Rao , Vourvahis Manoli , Zhang-Roper Rebecca Yanhui , Craig Charles , McFadyen Lynn , Clark Andrew , Heera Jayvant 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Maraviroc is a CC-chemokine receptor 5 antagonist approved to treat adults infected with CC-chemokine receptor 5–tropic (R5) HIV-1. Study A4001031 was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of maraviroc in combination with optimized background therapy in treatment-experienced pediatric patients infected with R5 HIV-1 and support registration of maraviroc for pediatric use.

Methods:
This is an open-label, 2-stage, age-stratified, noncomparative multicenter study. One-hundred and three participants were enrolled into 4 age/formulation cohorts and dosed twice daily. Initial doses were determined by body surface area and optimized background therapy, based on drug interactions with maraviroc in adults. Dose adjustment and pharmacokinetic reevaluation occurred if the average concentrations (C
avg) at Week 2 were <100 ng/mL (Stage 1—dose finding).

Results:
Data from the Week 48 analysis demonstrated that 49/50 Stage 1 participants rolling over into Stage 2 (safety and efficacy) achieved C
avg ≥100 ng/mL. Doses were identified that achieved similar concentration ranges to those seen in adults. The majority (90/103) received optimized background therapy containing potent cytochrome P450 3A inhibitors. Maraviroc was well tolerated and the safety and efficacy were comparable to those of adults. All cohorts had a mean decrease from baseline in HIV-1 RNA of >1 log10. Increases from baseline in the median CD4+ cell count and percentage were seen for all age groups.

Conclusions:
The maraviroc dosing strategy resulted in participants achieving the target C
avg, with exposure ranges similar to those observed in adults on approved doses. The safety and efficacy of maraviroc in this pediatric population were comparable to those seen in adults.