bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of four prognostic LncRNAs for survival prediction of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhonghao , Wu Qian , Feng Shu , Zhao Yanhua , Tao Chuanmin 
Published: July 2017

Background
As the fifth most common cancer worldwide, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is also the third most common cause of cancer-related death in China. Several lncRNAs have been demonstrated to be associated with occurrence and prognosis of HCC. However, identification of prognostic lncRNA signature for HCC with expression profiling data has not been conducted yet.

Methods
With the reuse of public available TCGA data, expression profiles of lncRNA for 371 patients with HCC were obtained and analyzed to find the independent prognostic lncRNA. Based on the expression of lncRNA, we developed a risk score model, which was evaluated by survival analysis and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve. Enrichment analysis was performed to predict the possible role of the identified lncRNA in HCC prognosis.

Results
Four lncRNAs (RP11-322E11.5, RP11-150O12.3, AC093609.1, CTC-297N7.9) were found to be significantly and independently associated with survival of HCC patients. We used these four lncRNAs to construct a risk score model, which exhibited a strong ability to distinguish patients with significantly different prognosis (HR = 2.718, 95% CI [2.103–3.514], p = 2.32e−14). Similar results were observed in the subsequent stratification survival analysis for HBV infection status and pathological stage. The ROC curve also implied our risk score as a good indicator for 5-year survival prediction. Furthermore, enrichment analysis revealed that the four signature lncRNAs may be involved in multiple pathways related to tumorigenesis and prognosis.

Discussion
Our study recognized four lncRNAs to be significantly associated with prognosis of liver cancer, and could provide novel insights into the potential mechanisms of HCC progression. Additionally, CTC-297N7.9 may influence the downstream TMEM220 gene expression through cis-regualtion. Nevertheless, further well-designed experimental studies are needed to validate our findings.
DNA probe for Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis
Authors: GIRAFFA GIORGIO , MORA DIEGO 
Published: July 2002

Lactobacilli are of great commercial value because they are widely used as
starters in food fermentation. The species Lactobacillus delbrueckii, which comprises
the three subspecies bulgaricus, lactis and
delbrueckii, is important in dairy products and vegetables. The subspecies
bulgaricus is present in yogurt, and subspecies lactis
is recovered from whey, starter cultures and cheeses (Stiles & Holzapfel, 1997). It is
unusual to recover Lb. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii
(Lb. delbrueckii) from dairy
products, from which Lb. delbrueckii subsp. lactis
(Lb. lactis) and subsp. bulgaricus
(Lb. bulgaricus) are typically isolated. However, given the similarity of these two
latter subspecies, a clear identification of isolates on the basis of phenotype criteria
alone is often problematic (Dellaglio, 1989; Millière et al. 1996).The use of DNA probes and methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
have greatly facilitated diagnostic identification of bacteria. For the lactobacilli,
DNA probes have been described for Lb. helveticus,
Lb. acidophilus, Lb. fermentum,
Lb. plantarum and most of the other Lactobacillus
species (Pot et al. 1994; Tailliez et
al. 1994; Quere et al. 1997). For Lb. delbrueckii,
an EcoRI DNA fragment of the
plasmid pY85 was used as a probe for this species, although it was not able to
discriminate its three subspecies (Delley et al. 1990).In our laboratory, a specific amplification of a DNA fragment of ∼1·7 kbp using
universal primers for the amplification of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes was found
only for dairy isolates of Lb. lactis and not for Lb. bulgaricus,
Lb. delbrueckii, Lb. helveticus and Lb. acidophilus
(G. Giraffa, P. de Vecchi and L. Rossetti, unpublished
results). This prompted us to test the possible use of this fragment as a specific DNA
probe for Lb. lactis. To this end, Southern and dot blot hybridization experiments
were carried out with total DNA of several strains belonging to different lactic acid
bacteria (LAB) species.
Energy transfer in rotating turbulence
Authors: CAMBON CLAUDE , MANSOUR N. N. , GODEFERD F. S. 
Published: July 2002

The influence of rotation on the spectral energy transfer of homogeneous

turbulence

is investigated in this paper. Given the fact that linear dynamics, e.g.

the inertial

waves regime found in an RDT (rapid distortion theory) analysis, cannot
affect

a homogeneous isotropic turbulent flow, the study of nonlinear dynamics
is of

prime importance in the case of rotating flows. Previous theoretical (including
both

weakly nonlinear and EDQNM theories), experimental and DNS (direct numerical

simulation) results are collected here and compared in order to give a

self-consistent picture of the nonlinear effects of rotation on turbulence.The inhibition of the energy cascade, which is linked to a reduction
of

the dissipation

rate, is shown to be related to a damping of the energy transfer due to
rotation. A

model for this effect is quantified by a model equation for the derivative-skewness

factor, which only involves a micro-Rossby number

Roω=ω′/(2Ω) – ratio
of r.m.s.

vorticity and background vorticity – as the relevant rotation parameter,

in accordance with DNS and EDQNM results.In addition, anisotropy is shown also to develop through nonlinear interactions

modified by rotation, in an intermediate range of Rossby numbers

(RoL<1 and

Roω>1), which is characterized by a

macro-Rossby number RoL based on
an integral

lengthscale L and the micro-Rossby number previously defined.

This anisotropy is

mainly an angular drain of spectral energy which tends to concentrate energy
in

the wave-plane normal to the rotation axis, which is exactly both the slow
and the

two-dimensional manifold. In addition, a polarization of the energy distribution
in

this slow two-dimensional manifold enhances horizontal (normal to the rotation
axis)

velocity components, and underlies the anisotropic structure of the integral

length-scales. Finally a generalized EDQNM (eddy damped quasi-normal Markovian)

model is used to predict the underlying spectral transfer structure and
all

the subsequent

developments of classic anisotropy indicators in physical space. The results

from the

model are compared to recent LES results and are shown to agree well. While
the

EDQNM2 model was developed to simulate ‘strong’ turbulence,
it is

shown that it has a strong formal analogy with recent weakly nonlinear

approaches to wave turbulence.
Understanding the rural–urban voting patterns in the 1992
Ghanaian presidential election. A closer look at the distributional
impact of Ghana's Structural Adjustment Programme
Authors: Bawumia Mahamudu 
Published: July 2002

This article attempts to explain the rural–urban voting patterns
in the
1992 Ghanaian presidential election. In this election, rural voters voted

overwhelmingly for the incumbent and urban voters did the opposite.
It is argued that Ghana's Structural Adjustment Programme (1983–92)

was distributionally favourable to rural households and unfavourable
to urban households. A link is therefore drawn between the
distributional impacts of the Structural Adjustment Programme and
the voting patterns of rural and urban households.The relationship between the state of the economy and the fortunes
of political parties at the polls is one which has generated a lot of
debate. This debate has largely taken place within the confines of
Western democracies, not least because of the absence of Western-style

democracy in many developing countries. We are, however, seeing a
movement towards ‘democracy’ in many developing countries,
with
pressures for economic liberalisation going hand in glove with those for

political liberalisation. The increasing democratisation by many
African countries undertaking Structural Adjustment Programmes
provides us with an opportunity to investigate the relationships
between the welfare implications of these programmes and the voting
behaviour of the electorate. Is voting behaviour in Africa any different

from that in Western democracies?
Reflexive and orienting properties of REM sleep dreaming and eye movements
Authors: Herman John 
Published: July 2002

In this manuscript Hobson et al. propose a model exploring qualitative differences between the three states of consciousness, waking, NREM sleep, and REM sleep, in terms of state-related brain activity. The model consists of three factors, each of which varies along a continuum, creating a three-dimensional space: activation (A), information flow (I), and mode of information processing (M). Hobson has described these factors previously (1990; 1992a). Two of the dimensions, activation and modulation, deal directly with subcortical influences upon cortical structures – the reticular activation system, with regard to the activation dimension and the locus coeruleus and the pontine raphe neuclei, with regard to the modulation dimension. The focus of this review is a further exploration of the interaction between dreaming and the cortical and subcortical structures relevant to REM sleep eye movements.[Hobson et al. ]
The diet of shy albatrosses (Thalassarche cauta) at Albatross Island, Tasmania
Authors: Hedd April , Gales Rosemary 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe diet of shy albatrosses Thalassarche cauta at Albatross Island, Tasmania, was examined quantitatively from 1995 to 1998. Two main sample types were examined: (1) whole stomach contents from chicks that had recently died of natural causes; (2) samples of fresh food delivered to chicks by their parents. Fresh food samples were considered most representative of the overall diet composition and, throughout the study, they were predominated by fish (89+ by wet mass). Cephalopods, tunicates and crustaceans contributed 10+, < 0.1+ and < 0.1+ by wet mass, respectively, to the diet. There was little indication of seasonal or inter‐annual variation in prey selection, as the composition of the diet was relatively constant through time. Fish from 16 species or families were identified, however, pelagic schooling Jack mackerel Trachurus declivis and redbait Emmelichthys nitidus together accounted for 57+ and 80+ (by number) of the fish identified in the stomach and fresh food samples, respectively. Cephalopods from 16 species or families were also identified, and here a single species (Gould's squid Nototodarus gouldi), accounted for 66+ and 84+ (by number) of the cephalopods identified. Both salps Pyrosoma spp. and crustaceans (largely Australian krill Nyctiphanes australis) contributed little by mass, but they occurred frequently and sometimes they accounted for a significant number of the prey items identified. Aspects of the biology and behaviour of the albatrosses and their main prey species combine to indicate that shy albatrosses have a largely predatory foraging nature. Much of their prey can be captured live, at the surface, during the day.
The British Conservative Party in the Twentieth Century: from Beginning to End?
Authors: TURNER JOHN 
Published: July 2002

Stuart Ball, The Conservative Party since 1945 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998), 205 pp., £40.00, ISBN 0-7190-4012-4.John Charmley, A History of Conservative Politics, 1900–1996 (London: Macmillan, 1996), 283 pp., £16.99, ISBN 0-333-56293-3.Alan Clark, The Tories: Conservatives and the Nation State 1922–1997 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998), 493 pp., £20.00, ISBN 0-297-81849-X.N. J. Crowson, Facing Fascism: The Conservative Party and the European Dictators 1935–1940 (London: Routledge, 1997), 270 pp., £20.00, ISBN 0-415-15315-8.Brendan Evans and Andrew Taylor, From Salisbury to Major: Continuity and Change in Conservative Politics (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996), 288 pp., £14.99, ISBN 0-7190-4291-7.Steven Ludlam and Martin J. Smith, Contemporary British Conservatism (London: Macmillan, 1996), 322 pp., £14.99, ISBN 0-333-62949-3.Philip Norton (ed.), The Conservative Party (London: Prentice Hall, 1996), 264 pp., £15.95, ISBN 0-13-374653-4.John Ramsden, An Appetite for Power: A History of the Conservative Party since 1830 (London: HarperCollins, 1998), 562 pp., £24.99, ISBN 0-002-55686-3.John Ramsden, The Age of Churchill and Eden 1940–1957 (London: Longman, 1995), 350 pp., £57.50, ISBN 0-582-50463–5.John Ramsden, The Winds of Change: Macmillan to Heath 1957–1975 (London: Longman, 1996), 485 pp., £70.00, ISBN 0-582-27570-9.Anthony Seldon (ed.), How Tory Governments Fall (London: Fontana, 1996), 510 pp., £7.99, ISBN 0-00-686366-3.Anthony Seldon and Stuart Ball (eds.), Conservative Century: The Conservative Party since 1900 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994), 842 pp., £20.00, ISBN 0-19-820238-5.Robert Self, The Austen Chamberlain Diary Letters: The Correspondence of Sir Austen Chamberlain with his sisters Hilda and Ida, 1916–1937 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press for the Royal Historical Society, 1995), 548 pp., £40.00., ISBN 0-521-55157-9.
Group B streptococcus infection in pregnancy: an update
Authors: O'Reilly Geralyn C , Hitti Jane E , Benedetti Thomas J 
Published: July 2002

Group B streptococcus (GBS), or Streptococcus agalactiae, has been a continuing focus of debate in the paediatric and obstetric worlds. The organism has emerged as the leading cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis. With an average of 20% of mothers being carriers for the organism (range from 15–40%), the following questions remain to be answered:1 How best to screen for GBS and which protocol to use?2 How best to counsel patients who are GBS carriers?3 What is the cost effectiveness of the screening protocols?
Water vole in the Scottish uplands: distribution patterns of disturbed and pristine populations ahead and behind the American mink invasion front
Authors: Aars Jon , Lambin Xavier , Denny Rebecca , Griffin A. Cy 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe invasion of Britain by American mink has had a catastrophic impact on water vole populations. We surveyed and live‐trapped water voles over 2 years in eight c. 25 km2 blocks in the upland of Scotland behind and ahead of the mink invasion front. Water voles had a similar distribution in the Grampian Mountains of north‐east Scotland, on the edge of the invasion front, and in the Assynt area of north‐west Sutherland well beyond the front. Water voles occurred in small, discrete colonies. Median nearest‐neighbour distance between colonies was 0.6‐0.7 km in both areas. Colonies experienced a high degree of turnover with extinction and colonization being commonplace and only a fraction of suitable sites were occupied at a given time. High dispersal rates connecting numerous (> 30) colonies over large areas (> 25 km2) enable water voles to persist in such circumstances. Synchronized fluctuations in occupancy not caused by mink also occurred at the regional scales of the Grampian Mountains and Assynt areas. Localized mink invasions have fragmented a previously continuous metapopulation into smaller clusters and this may indirectly affect the likely persistence of water vole colonies not directly exposed to predation by mink.
Effects of Stress and Hippocampal NMDA Receptor Antagonism on Recognition Memory in Rats
Authors: Baker Kevin B. , Kim Jeansok J. 
Published: July 2002

Exposures to uncontrollable stress have been shown to alter ensuing synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and interfere with hippocampal-dependent spatial memory in rats. The present study examined whether stress, which impairs hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), also affects (nonspatial) hippocampal-dependent object-recognition memory, as tested on the visual paired comparison task (VPC) in rats. After undergoing an inescapable restraint–tailshock stress experience, rats exhibited markedly impaired recognition memory at the 3-h (long) familiarization-to-test phase delay but not at the 5-min (short) delay. In contrast, unstressed control animals showed robust recognition memory (i.e., they exhibited reliable preferences for novel over familiar objects) at both short- and long-delay periods. The impairing effect of stress on long-delay recognition memory was transient because 48 h after undergoing stress experience, animals performed normally at the long delay. Similar to stress, microinfusions of DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), a competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist that blocks LTP, into the dorsal hippocampus selectively impaired object-recognition memory at the long-delay period. Together, these results suggest that stress and intrahippocampal administration of APV affect recognition memory by influencing synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.[The following individuals kindly provided reagents, samples, or unpublished information as indicated in the paper H. Blair.]
Effect of ATP Sulfurylase Overexpression in Bright Yellow 2 Tobacco Cells1
Authors: Hatzfeld Yves , Cathala Nicole , Grignon Claude , Davidian Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
To determine if the ATP sulfurylase reaction is a regulatory step for the SO42−-assimilation pathway in plants, anArabidopsis thaliana ATP sulfurylase cDNA,APS2, was fused to the 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus and introduced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation into isolated Bright Yellow 2 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells. The ATP sulfurylase activity in transgenic cells was 8-fold that in control cells, and was correlated with the expression of a specific polypeptide revealed by western analysis using an anti-ATP sulfurylase antibody. The molecular mass of this polypeptide agreed with that for the overexpressed mature protein. ATP sulfurylase overexpression had no effect on [35S]SO42− influx or ATP sulfurylase activity regulation by S availability, except that ATP sulfurylase activity variations in response to S starvation in transgenic cells were 8 times higher than in the wild type. There were also no differences in cell growth or sensitivity to SeO42− (a toxic SO42−analog) between transgenic and wild-type cells. We propose that in Bright Yellow 2 tobacco cells, the ATP sulfurylase derepression by S deficiency may involve a posttranscriptional mechanism, and that the ATP sulfurylase abundance is not limiting for cell metabolism.
Expression of β-Amylase from Alfalfa Taproots
Authors: Gana Joyce A. , Kalengamaliro Newton E. , Cunningham Suzanne M. , Volenec Jeffrey J. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) roots contain large quantities of β-amylase, but little is known about its role in vivo. We studied this by isolating a β-amylase cDNA and by examining signals that affect its expression. The β-amylase cDNA encoded a 55.95-kD polypeptide with a deduced amino acid sequence showing high similarity to other plant β-amylases. Starch concentrations, β-amylase activities, and β-amylase mRNA levels were measured in roots of alfalfa after defoliation, in suspension-cultured cells incubated in sucrose-rich or -deprived media, and in roots of cold-acclimated germ plasms. Starch levels, β-amylase activities, and β-amylase transcripts were reduced significantly in roots of defoliated plants and in sucrose-deprived cell cultures. β-Amylase transcript was high in roots of intact plants but could not be detected 2 to 8 d after defoliation. β-Amylase transcript levels increased in roots between September and October and then declined 10-fold in November and December after shoots were killed by frost. Alfalfa roots contain greater β-amylase transcript levels compared with roots of sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Southern analysis indicated that β-amylase is present as a multigene family in alfalfa. Our results show no clear association between β-amylase activity or transcript abundance and starch hydrolysis in alfalfa roots. The great abundance of β-amylase and its unexpected patterns of gene expression and protein accumulation support our current belief that this protein serves a storage function in roots of this perennial species.
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase in the C4 Monocot Urochloa panicoides Is Encoded by Four Differentially Expressed Genes1
Authors: Finnegan Patrick M. , Suzuki Shoichi , Ludwig Martha , Burnell James N. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Previous screening of a cDNA library of leaf poly(A+) RNA from Urochloa panicoides, a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK)-type C4 monocot, led to the characterization of cDNAs encoding the U. panicoides PCK subunit PCK1. A second PCK sequence, designated PCK2, has now been found by rescreening the library. The deduced PCK2 polypeptide is 626 residues in length, has a predicted molecular mass of 68,686 D, and is 96% identical to the deduced PCK1 sequence. Isolation and characterization of genomic DNA fragments revealed that the PCK1 and PCK2genes are each closely linked to another PCK gene. These additional genes have been designated PCK3 andPCK4, respectively. In each case, the second gene is located upstream and in the same transcriptional orientation as the gene characterized through cDNA analysis. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay was used to demonstrate that PCK1 and PCK2 transcripts predominate in leaves, whereas PCK3 andPCK4 transcripts predominate in roots. Moreover, accumulation of PCK1 and PCK2 transcripts is light dependent. Direct N-terminal sequencing of PCK polypeptides purified from leaves demonstrated that PCK2 is produced. These results strongly suggest that PCK1 and PCK2 are involved in the photosynthetic CO2-concentrating mechanism active in U. panicoides.
Modulated structure of Ag2SnO3 studied by high-resolution electron microscopy
Authors: Oku Takeo , Carlsson Anna , Bovin Jan-Olov , Svensson Christer , Wallenberg L. Reine , Linke Christoph , Jansen Martin 
Published: July 2002

The modulated structure of Ag2SnO3, disilver tin trioxide, was investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction along four different directions. Electron diffraction showed an incommensurate one-dimensional modulated structure with a modulation wavevector of 1/6.4a*. High-resolution images showed a large number of superstructure domains with the size range 10–100 nm and orientations related by hexagonal rotation. The modulation was determined to be displacements along the c axis of the Ag atoms both in octahedral and linear coordination. An approximate structure model with a commensurate sixfold superstructure, with an orthorhombic cell (P212121, a = 2.922, b = 1.267, c = 0.562 nm), is proposed. Calculated images and electron diffraction patterns, based on this model, agree well with experimental observations.