bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
R‐ and S‐citalopram concentrations have differential effects on neuropsychiatric scores in elders with dementia and agitation
Authors: Ho Thang , Pollock Bruce G. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Schantz Oliver , Devanand Devangere P. , Mintzer Jacobo E. , Porsteinsson Anton P. , Schneider Lon S. , Weintraub Daniel , Yesavage Jerome , Drye Lea T. , Munro Cynthia A. , Shade David M. , Lyketsos Constantine , Bies Robert 
Published: May 2016

AimsThe aim was to determine the relationship between (R) and (S)‐citalopram enantiomer exposure (AUC(0,24 h)) and therapeutic response in agitated individuals greater than 60 years old with Alzheimer's dementia (AD).MethodsCitalopram enantiomer exposures (AUC(0,24 h)) derived from an established population pharmacokinetic analysis were utilized to explore the relationship between (R)‐ and (S)‐citalopram area under the curve (AUC(0,24 )) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Neurobehavioural Rating Scale‐Agitation Subscale (NBRS‐A), modified Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study‐Clinical Global Impression of Change (mADCS‐CGIC) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Agitation subscale (NPIA) scores. Time dependent changes in these scores (disease progression) were accounted for prior to exploring the exposure effect relationship for each enantiomer. These relationships were evaluated using a non‐linear‐mixed effects modelling approach as implemented in nonmem v7.3.Results(S)‐AUC(0,24 h) and (R)‐AUC(0,24 h) each contributed to improvement in NBRS‐A scores (k3(R) −0.502; k4(S) −0.712) as did time in treatment. However, increasing (R)‐AUC(0,24 h) decreased the probability of patient response (maximum Δ −0.182%/AUC(0,24 h)) based on the CGIC while (S)‐AUC(0,24 h) improved the probability of response (maximum Δ 0.112%/AUC(0,24 h)). (R)‐AUC(0,24 h) was also associated with worsening in MMSE scores (−0.5 points).ConclusionsOur results suggest that citalopram enantiomers contributed differentially to treatment outcomes. (R)‐citalopram accounted for a greater proportion of the adverse consequences associated with racemic citalopram treatment in patients with AD including a decreased probability of treatment response as measured by the CGIC and a reduction in MMSE scores. The S‐enantiomer was associated with increased probability of response based on the CGIC.
MONOPOLISTIC LOCATION CHOICE IN A TWO‐SIDED HOTELLING MODEL
Authors: Böhme Enrico , Müller Christopher 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTWe analyse the optimal location choice of a monopolistic firm that operates two arbitrarily located platforms on a two‐sided market. By extending the traditional Hotelling framework, we show that the optimal platform locations are equivalent to the one‐sided benchmark if both sides are either restricted to single‐ or multi‐homing. In the mixed case (one side single‐homes, the other one multi‐homes), the optimal platform locations are in line with the respective symmetric case. If the monopolist is restricted to choosing the same location on either side of the market, the optimal locations are determined by the relative profitability of the market sides.
Use of habitat odour by host‐seeking insects
Authors: Webster Ben , Cardé Ring T. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTLocating suitable feeding or oviposition sites is essential for insect survival. Understanding how insects achieve this is crucial, not only for understanding the ecology and evolution of insect–host interactions, but also for the development of sustainable pest‐control strategies that exploit insects' host‐seeking behaviours. Volatile chemical cues are used by foraging insects to locate and recognise potential hosts but in nature these resources usually are patchily distributed, making chance encounters with host odour plumes rare over distances greater than tens of metres. The majority of studies on insect host‐seeking have focussed on short‐range orientation to easily detectable cues and it is only recently that we have begun to understand how insects overcome this challenge. Recent advances show that insects from a wide range of feeding guilds make use of ‘habitat cues’, volatile chemical cues released over a relatively large area that indicate a locale where more specific host cues are most likely to be found. Habitat cues differ from host cues in that they tend to be released in larger quantities, are more easily detectable over longer distances, and may lack specificity, yet provide an effective way for insects to maximise their chances of subsequently encountering specific host cues. This review brings together recent advances in this area, discussing key examples and similarities in strategies used by haematophagous insects, soil‐dwelling insects and insects that forage around plants. We also propose and provide evidence for a new theory that general and non‐host plant volatiles can be used by foraging herbivores to locate patches of vegetation at a distance in the absence of more specific host cues, explaining some of the many discrepancies between laboratory and field trials that attempt to make use of plant‐derived repellents for controlling insect pests.
Some Equalities Are More Equal Than Others: Quality Equality Emerges Later Than Numerical Equality
Authors: Sheskin Mark , Nadal Amber , Croom Adam , Mayer Tanya , Nissel Jenny , Bloom Paul 
Published: May 2016

By age 6, children typically share an equal number of resources between themselves and others. However, fairness involves not merely that each person receive an equal number of resources (“numerical equality”) but also that each person receive equal quality resources (“quality equality”). In Study 1, children (N = 87, 3–10 years) typically split four resources “two each” by age 6, but typically monopolized the better two resources until age 10. In Study 2, a new group of 6‐ to 8‐year‐olds (N = 32) allocated resources to third parties according to quality equality, indicating that children in this age group understand that fairness requires both types of equality.
Novel membrane‐tube type glaucoma shunt device for glaucoma surgery
Authors: Ahn Byung Heon , Hwang Young Hoon , Han Jong Chul 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe background of this study is to introduce the surgical technique and outcomes of a novel membrane‐tube (MT) type glaucoma shunt device (MicroMT), which was developed to achieve safer and more predictable intraocular pressure (IOP) control compared with conventional trabeculectomy.DesignThis is a retrospective, non‐comparative, interventional case series study.ParticipantsThe MicroMT was implanted in 43 glaucomatous eyes with insufficient IOP control despite medical treatment.MethodsThe MicroMT consists of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and a silicone tube with an intraluminal stent, which allows aqueous drainage from the anterior chamber to the lamellar scleral flap. The intraluminal stent prevents excessive aqueous drainage and allows additional IOP reduction through retraction or removal of the stent.Main Outcome MeasuresThe main outcome measures of this study are IOP changes and complications.ResultsThe mean (SD) IOP decreased from a preoperative value of 22.5 (6.9) mmHg to 11.1 (3.6) mmHg 3 years after the operation (50.7% reduction from baseline; P < 0.01). Intraluminal stent removal 4 weeks after the operation induced an additional 40.2% IOP reduction (P < 0.01). When success was defined as an IOP between 6 and 21 mmHg, and an IOP reduction of ≥20% from baseline, the success rate was 89.5% at 3 years after the operation. No postoperative ocular hypotony (IOP <6 mmHg) or tube‐related complications occurred.ConclusionsMicroMT implantation is a novel therapy that may reduce IOP safely and effectively, with no apparent risk of postoperative ocular hypotony. Glaucoma surgery using this device may be a good alternative to conventional glaucoma surgery.
Pre‐augmentation soft tissue expansion improves scaffold‐based vertical bone regeneration – a randomized study in dogs
Authors: Kaner Doğan , Zhao Han , Arnold Wolfgang , Terheyden Hendrik , Friedmann Anton 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveSoft tissue (ST) dehiscence with graft exposure is a frequent complication of vertical augmentation. Flap dehiscence is caused by failure to achieve tension‐free primary wound closure and by the impairment of flap microcirculation due to surgical trauma.Soft tissue expansion (STE) increases ST quality and quantity prior to reconstructive surgery. We hypothesized that flap preconditioning using STE would reduce the incidence of ST complications after bone augmentation and that optimized ST healing would improve the outcome of bone regeneration.Materials and methodsSelf‐filling tissue expanders were implanted in mandibular bone defects in ten beagle dogs. After expansion, alloplastic scaffolds were placed for vertical bone augmentation in STE sites and in control sites without STE pre‐treatment. ST flap microcirculation was analysed using laser Doppler flowmetry. The incidence of graft exposures was evaluated after 2 weeks. Bone formation was assessed after 2 months, using histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry.ResultsTest sites showed significantly less impairment of perfusion and faster recovery of microcirculation after bone augmentation. Furthermore, no flap dehiscences occurred in STE sites. Bone regeneration was found in both groups; however, significantly greater formation of new bone was detected in test sites with preceding STE.ConclusionsPreconditioning using STE improved ST healing and bone formation after vertical augmentation. The combination of STE and the subsequent placement of alloplastic scaffolds may facilitate the reconstruction of severe bone defects.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by cocamide diethanolamine
Authors: Mertens Sarien , Gilissen Liesbeth , Goossens An 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundCocamide DEA (CAS no. 68603‐42‐9) is a non‐ionic surfactant frequently used in industrial, household and cosmetic products for its foam‐producing and stabilizing properties. Contact allergy has been reported quite rarely in the past, but recently several cases were published, raising the question of an increase in the frequency of allergic dermatitis caused by this substance.ObjectivesTo describe cocamide DEA‐allergic patients and their characteristics observed in our department.MethodsMedical charts of patients, investigated between 1990 and December 2015, were retrospectively reviewed for cocamide DEA‐allergy. Demographic characteristics and patch test results were analyzed.ResultsOut of 1767 patients tested, 18 (1%) presented with an allergic reaction to cocamide DEA, all of them at least with hand dermatitis. Twelve patients had (past) occupational exposure to cocamide DEA. Out of the 18 patients, 15 showed (most often) multiple positive reactions and 7 also suffered from atopic dermatitis.ConclusionsCocamide DEA allergy is relatively rare, despite frequent use, and an increasing trend was not observed. Reactions to cocamidopropyl betaine and cocamide MEA only occurred in some of the subjects tested. Shampoos and liquid hand soaps/cleansers dominated as sources of exposure. All patients presented with an impaired skin barrier due to atopic and/or previous contact dermatitis.
Osteopenic features of the hip joint in patients with cerebral palsy: a hospital‐based study
Authors: Moon Sang Young , Kwon Soon‐Sun , Cho Byung Chae , Chung Chin Youb , Lee Kyoung Min , Sung Ki Hyuk , Chung Myoung Ki , Zulkarnain Arif , Kim Yong Sung , Park Moon Seok 
Published: May 2016

AimWe aimed to evaluate the bone mineral density of the hip joint in patients with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodPatients with CP younger than 18 years who underwent three‐dimensional hip examination by computed tomography were analysed. Bone attenuation of the acetabulum and femur was measured as Hounsfield units (HU), and was adjusted for affecting factors such as hip instability and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS).ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐six patients with CP and 86 typically developing participants were included. The average bone attenuation was significantly lower in those with CP than in the comparison group (acetabulum: 70.8HU, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 59.9–81.8; femur: 82.2HU, 95% CI 70.4–95.8). Compared with GMFCS levels I to III, bone attenuation was significantly lower for GMFCS levels IV (acetabulum: 30.9HU, 95% CI 15.7–46.2; femur: 39.7HU, 95% CI 19.9–59.5) and V (acetabulum: 51.7HU, 95% CI 35.9–67.5; femur: 72.5HU, 95% CI 51.9–93.0). The average bone attenuation decreased when the migration percentage was over 37% (acetabulum: 11.6HU, 95% CI 1.4–24.6; femur: 26.8HU, 95% CI 9.9–43.6).InterpretationBone attenuation of the acetabulum and femur was significantly affected both by GMFCS level and by severity of hip instability.
Left Atrial Intrinsic Strain Rate Correcting for Pulmonary Wedge Pressure Is Accurate in Estimating Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Breathless Patients
Authors: Tossavainen Erik , Henein Michael Y. , Grönlund Christer , Lindqvist Per 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesWe hypothesized that left atrial deformation during atrial systole (LASRa) correlates with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), thus enabling echo‐derived pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) estimation in a wide range of different subsets of patients.BackgroundVarious etiologies of pulmonary hypertension (PH) have different mechanisms and treatments for breathlessness. Irrespective of the location of the underlying pulmonary vascular pathology, pre‐ or postcapillary, the resulting PH is fairly easy to assess by Doppler echocardiography, but PVR remains a challenge.MethodsWe prospectively included 46 patients (mean age 61 ± 13 years) in sinus rhythm, who underwent right heart catheterization because of dyspnea. According to the NICE guidelines classification, 22 belonged to group 1 pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), 19 belonged to group 2 congestive heart failure (CHF), 1 belonged to group 4 chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), and 4 had normal hemodynamics. Simultaneous Doppler echocardiography using spectral, tissue Doppler, and speckle tracking echocardiography techniques for assessing LA structure and function was performed.ResultsPCWPrhc correlated with LASRa (r2 = 0.65, P < 0.001). PCWPecho was calculated using the equation (PCWPecho = 26.12 − 11.09 × LASRa), and the resulting PVR echo strongly correlated with the respective catheter‐based measurements PVRrhc (r2 = 0.69. P < 0.001) with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 74% identifying a PVR ≥ 3 WU.ConclusionsLeft atrial strain rate during atrial systole correlates closely with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and consequently the calculated pulmonary vascular resistance, irrespective of the etiology of PH.