bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective evaluation of a week one overnight metyrapone test with subsequent dynamic assessments of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis function after pituitary surgery
Authors: English Katherine , Inder Warrick J. , Weedon Zara , Dimeski Goce , Sorbello Jane , Russell Anthony W. , Duncan Emma L , Cuneo Ross 
Published: March 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo determine whether an overnight metyrapone test (OMT) within the first week postpituitary surgery can definitively assess the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis, compared with subsequent dynamic tests and glucocorticoid requirement at 6 months.DesignProspective study measuring morning cortisol levels on days 3 and 4 post‐operatively, OMT day 5‐7 and week 6, week 6 250 μg short Synacthen test (SST) and week 7 insulin tolerance test (ITT).Patients and MeasurementsForty participants who underwent pituitary surgery at a single centre (Cushing's disease excluded) were followed for at least 6 months. 46% had pre‐operative adrenal insufficiency.Primary outcome: week 1 OMT compared to glucocorticoid requirement at 6 months. Secondary outcomes: the performance of ITT as a “definitive” test and all tests compared to glucocorticoid requirement at 6 months.ResultsWeek 1 OMT showed concordance with ITT at week 7 of 78% and glucocorticoid requirement at 6 months of 81% respectively which was not significantly different from post‐operative morning cortisol levels; 37% of participants with an abnormal OMT on day 6 had a normal OMT at week 6. All HPA axis tests showed similar concordance with glucocorticoid requirement at 6 months of 80%‐85%.ConclusionsOvernight metyrapone test within the first week after pituitary surgery was no better than an early morning cortisol level at predicting glucocorticoid requirement at 6 months. OMT at week 6 demonstrated recovery of HPA axis in a substantial proportion of participants who failed earlier assessments; thus, definitive testing should be delayed until 6 weeks post‐operatively.
Clinicopathological characteristics including BRAF V600E mutation status and PET/CT findings in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Choi Eun Kyoung , Chong Ari , Ha Jung‐Min , Jung Chan Kwon , O Joo Hyun , Kim Sung Hoon 
Published: March 2017

SummaryObjectiveWe assessed the associations between FDG uptake in primary papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and clinicopathological features, including the BRAF V600E mutation, using quantitative and qualitative analyses of preoperative PET/CT data.Design and PatientsThis was a retrospective review of 106 patients with PTC who underwent PET/CT scans between February 2009 and January 2011 before undergoing total thyroidectomy. Data collected from surgical specimens were compared with FDG uptake in the primary tumour using quantitative and qualitative analyses of preoperative PET/CT data. Clinicopathological data included the primary tumour size, subtype, capsular invasion, extrathyroid extension, multifocality, BRAF V600E mutation status, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis.ResultsThe SUVmax of the primary tumour was significantly higher in patients with a primary tumour >1 cm, extrathyroid extension or the BRAF V600E mutation than in patients without these features (P<.001, .049 and <.001). Univariate analyses showed that primary tumour size, extrathyroid extension and BRAF V600E mutation status were associated with the SUVmax of the PTC. Multivariate analysis indicated that primary tumour size and the BRAF V600E mutation were associated with the SUVmax of the PTC. In a visual assessment, the primary tumour size was larger in FDG‐avid than in non‐FDG‐avid PTCs (P<.001). There was no significant difference in the presence of multifocality, thyroid capsular invasion, extrathyroid extension, BRAF V600E mutation, lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis between FDG‐avid and non‐FDG‐avid PTCs.ConclusionsPrimary tumour size and the BRAF V600E mutation are significant factors associated with the SUVmax on preoperative PET/CT in patients with PTC.
Analysis of risk factors for cluster behavior of dental implant failures
Authors: Chrcanovic Bruno Ramos , Kisch Jenö , Albrektsson Tomas , Wennerberg Ann 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundSome studies indicated that implant failures are commonly concentrated in few patients.PurposeTo identify and analyze cluster behavior of dental implant failures among subjects of a retrospective study.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included patients receiving at least three implants only. Patients presenting at least three implant failures were classified as presenting a cluster behavior. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models and generalized estimating equations analysis evaluated the effect of explanatory variables on the cluster behavior.ResultsThere were 1406 patients with three or more implants (8337 implants, 592 failures). Sixty‐seven (4.77%) patients presented cluster behavior, with 56.8% of all implant failures. The intake of antidepressants and bruxism were identified as potential negative factors exerting a statistically significant influence on a cluster behavior at the patient‐level. The negative factors at the implant‐level were turned implants, short implants, poor bone quality, age of the patient, the intake of medicaments to reduce the acid gastric production, smoking, and bruxism.ConclusionsA cluster pattern among patients with implant failure is highly probable. Factors of interest as predictors for implant failures could be a number of systemic and local factors, although a direct causal relationship cannot be ascertained.
Incidence, recurrence and cost of hyperglycaemic crises requiring emergency treatment in Andalusia, Spain
Authors: Barranco R. J. , Gomez‐Peralta F. , Abreu C. , Delgado‐Rodriguez M. , Moreno‐Carazo A. , Romero F. , de la Cal M. A. , Barranco J. M. , Pasquel F. J. , Umpierrez G. E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimsHyperglycaemic crises (diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state) are medical emergencies in people with diabetes. We aimed to determine their incidence, recurrence and economic impact.MethodsAn observational study of hyperglycaemic crises cases using the database maintained by the out‐of‐hospital emergency service, the Healthcare Emergency Public Service (EPES) during 2012. The EPES provides emergency medical services to the total population of Andalusia, Spain (8.5 million inhabitants) and records data on the incidence, resource utilization and cost of out‐of‐hospital medical care. Direct costs were estimated using public prices for health services updated to 2012.ResultsAmong 1 137 738 emergency calls requesting medical assistance, 3157 were diagnosed with hyperglycaemic crises by an emergency coordinator, representing 2.9 cases per 1000 persons with diabetes [95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.8 to 3.0]. The incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis was 2.5 cases per 1000 persons with diabetes (95% CI 2.4 to 2.6) and the incidence of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state was 0.4 cases per 1000 persons with diabetes (95% CI 0.4 to 0.5). In total, 17.7% (n = 440) of people had one or more hyperglycaemic crisis. The estimated total direct cost was €4 662 151, with a mean direct cost per episode of €1476.8 ± 217.8.ConclusionsHyperglycaemic crises require high resource utilization of emergency medical services and have a significant economic impact on the health system.
Relationships between individual movement, trophic position and growth of juvenile pike (Esox lucius)
Authors: Nyqvist Marina J. , Cucherousset Julien , Gozlan Rodolphe E. , Britton J. Robert 
Published: March 2017

AbstractVariation in movement between individuals can have important ecological effects on populations and ecosystems, yet the factors driving differences in movement and their consequences remain poorly understood. Here, individual variability in the movements of juvenile (age 0 + and 1 + year) pike Esox lucius was assessed using passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry in off‐channel nursery areas over a 26‐ month period. Differences in the movement patterns of individuals were tested against their body sizes, ages, growth rates and trophic positions using data collected through a combination of catch‐and‐release sampling and stable isotope analyses. Results revealed that variation in movement between individuals was affected by age, with 1 + individuals moving more than individuals of age 0 + , but not length. Individuals whose TP was low on their initial capture event moved significantly less than those with a higher initial TP. Individuals that moved more grew faster and achieved a higher final TP. These results suggest that higher activity (i.e., increased movement) increases resource acquisition that enhances growth rates, which could ultimately maximise individual performances.
An Analytical Method for Groundwater Inflow into a Drained Circular Tunnel
Authors: Su Kai , Zhou Yafeng , Wu Hegao , Shi Changzheng , Zhou Li 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGroundwater inflow estimation is essential for the design and construction of tunnel and the assessment of the environmental impacts. Analytical solutions used in current engineering practice do not adequately account for the effect of the excavation‐induced drawdown, which leads to significant change in pore water pressure distribution and reductions of the water level beyond tunnel. Based on the numerical analysis results, this article proposes semianalytical method to predict the height of lowered water level and groundwater tunnel inflow. The tunnel problem is conceptualized as two‐dimensional flow in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel axis. The analytical formula, considering the effect of the excavation‐induced drawdown, provides a better prediction of the tunnel inflow compared to the existing analytical formulas, even for the cases with inclined groundwater level.
Oral iron supplementation: Potential implications for the gut microbiome and metabolome in patients with CKD
Authors: Kortman Guus A. M. , Reijnders Dorien , Swinkels Dorine W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and loss of kidney function are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The risks of CKD are attributed to “uremia,” an increased concentration of uremic retention solutes (toxins) in the plasma. Recently, a colo‐renal axis became clearly apparent and uremia has been associated with an altered gut microbiome composition and metabolism. There is a high prevalence of anemia in patients with CKD, for which patients are often treated with oral or intravenous iron. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have reported adverse effects of oral iron supplementation on the gut microbiota composition, gut metabolome, and intestinal health, which in turn may result in an increased production of uremic toxins. It may also affect circulating levels of other microbe‐derived molecules, that can act as mediators of immune regulation. Changes in body iron levels have also been reported to exert subtle effects on host immune function by modulating immune cell proliferation and differentiation, and by directly regulating cytokine formation and antimicrobial immune effector mechanisms. Based on the foregoing it is conceivable that oral iron supplementation in iron deficient predialysis CKD patients adversely changes gut microbiota composition, the gut and systemic metabolome, and host immunity and infection. Future studies are needed to confirm these hypotheses and to assess whether, compared to IV iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation negatively impacts on morbidity of CKD, and whether these adverse effects depend on the iron bioavailability of the iron formulation to the microbiota.
The corpus‐predominant gastritis index can be an early and reversible marker to identify the gastric cancer risk of Helicobacter pylori‐infected nonulcer dyspepsia
Authors: Cheng Hsiu‐Chi , Tsai Yu‐Ching , Yang Hsiao‐Bai , Yeh Yi‐Chun , Chang Wei‐Lun , Kuo Hsin‐Yu , Lu Cheng‐Chan , Sheu Bor‐Shyang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundCorpus‐predominant gastritis index (CGI) is an early histological marker to identify Helicobacter pylori‐infected gastric cancer relatives at risk of cancer. This study validated whether CGI is more prevalent in H. pylori‐infected nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD) subjects than in duodenal ulcer (DU) controls and whether it is reversible after H. pylori eradication or is correlated with noninvasive biomarkers.Materials and MethodsIn this longitudinal cohort study, 573 H. pylori‐infected subjects were enrolled, including 349 NUD and 224 DU. Gastric specimens were provided to assess CGI, spasmolyic polypeptide‐expressing metaplasia (SPEM), and Operative Link on Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia assessment (OLGIM). Serum pepsinogen I and II levels were assessed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. CGI subjected were followed up at least 1 year after H. pylori eradication.ResultsNUD subjects had higher prevalence rates of CGI (47.0% vs 29.9%, P<.001) and OLGIM stages III‐IV (24.1% vs 15.2%, P=.01) than controls. CGI was highly prevalent in NUD subjects after the age of 40, which was 10 years earlier than atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. NUD subjects with CGI had higher risk of SPEM (OR 2.86, P<.001) and lower serum pepsinogen I/II ratios (P<.001) than those without CGI. Serum pepsinogen I/II ratios <9 could predict CGI modestly (AUROC 0.69, 95% CI: 0.63‐0.74). CGI was regressed after eradication (P<.001).ConclusionsCGI was more prevalent in H. pylori‐infected NUD subjects than in controls, was correlated with SPEM, and may serve as a marker earlier than OLGIM to indicate risk of gastric cancer. Moreover, CGI could be regressed after eradication.
Analysing the literature on university social responsibility: A review of selected higher education journals
Authors: Larrán Jorge Manuel , Andrades Peña Francisco Javier 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn the last 30 years, different economic, political and social changes have taken place in the university sector and this has led to an extensive reform to meet the new societal challenges that these institutions are facing today. This emphasises the social dimension of universities and their important role in society as educators of future leaders and policy makers. This reveals the need to integrate social responsibility principles into the mainstream functions of universities. In view of these comments, this paper offers a review of the literature about university social responsibility during the period from 2000 to 2015. The objectives of the review are to: explore patterns in publication outlets; collect, scrutinise and critically analyse the current literature on this field; to identify gaps in the literature and make recommendations for further research in this field. To accomplish this task, data were collected from 15 specialist academic journals that focus on higher education.
User compliance with documenting on a track and trigger‐based observation and response chart: a two‐phase multi‐site audit study
Authors: Elliott Doug , Allen Emily , McKinley Sharon , Perry Lin , Duffield Christine , Fry Margaret , Gallagher Robyn , Iedema Rick , Roche Michael 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimsTo examine user compliance and completeness of documentation with a newly designed observation and response chart and whether a rapid response system call was triggered when clinically indicated.BackgroundTimely recognition and responses to patient deterioration in hospital general wards remain a challenge for healthcare systems globally. Evaluating practice initiatives to improve recognition and response are required.DesignTwo‐phase audit.MethodsFollowing introduction of the charts in ten health service sites in Australia, an audit of chart completion was conducted during a short trial for initial usability (Phase 1; 2011). After chart adoption as routine use in practice, retrospective and prospective chart audits were conducted (Phase 2; 2012).FindingsOverall, 818 and 1,058 charts were audited during the two phases respectively. Compliance was mixed but improved with the new chart (4%–14%). Contrary to chart guidelines, numbers rather than dots were written in the graphing section in 60% of cases. Rates of recognition of abnormal vital signs improved slightly with new charts in use, particularly for higher levels of surveillance and clinical review. Based on local calling criteria, an emergency call was initiated in 33% of cases during the retrospective audit and in 41% of cases with the new chart.ConclusionsUser compliance was less than optimal, limiting full function of the chart sections and compliance with local calling criteria. Overcoming apparent behavioural and work culture barriers may improve chart completion, aiding identification of abnormal vital signs and triggering a rapid response system activation when clinical deterioration is detected.
A protocol for the development of a critical thinking assessment tool for nurses using a Delphi technique
Authors: Jacob Elisabeth , Duffield Christine , Jacob Darren 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to develop an assessment tool to measure the critical thinking ability of nurses.BackgroundAs an increasing number of complex patients are admitted to hospitals, the importance of nurses recognizing changes in health status and picking up on deterioration is more important. To detect early signs of complication requires critical thinking skills. Registered Nurses are expected to commence their clinical careers with the necessary critical thinking skills to ensure safe nursing practice. Currently, there is no published tool to assess critical thinking skills which is context specific to Australian nurses.DesignA modified Delphi study will be used for the project.MethodsThis study will develop a series of unfolding case scenarios using national health data with multiple‐choice questions to assess critical thinking. Face validity of the scenarios will be determined by an expert reference group of clinical and academic nurses. A Delphi study will determine the answers to scenario questions. Panel members will be expert clinicians and educators from two states in Australia. Rasch analysis of the questionnaire will assess validity and reliability of the tool. Funding for the study and Research Ethics Committee approval were obtained in March and November 2016, respectively.DiscussionPatient outcomes and safety are directly linked to nurses’ critical thinking skills. This study will develop an assessment tool to provide a standardized method of measuring nurses’ critical thinking skills across Australia. This will provide healthcare providers with greater confidence in the critical thinking level of graduate Registered Nurses.
Estimation of microscope drift using fluorescent nanodiamonds as fiducial markers
Authors: COLOMB W. , CZERSKI J. , SAU J.D. , SARKAR S.K. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryFiducial markers are used to correct the microscope drift and should be photostable, be usable at multiple wavelengths and be compatible for multimodal imaging. Fiducial markers such as beads, gold nanoparticles, microfabricated patterns and organic fluorophores lack one or more of these criteria. Moreover, the localization accuracy and drift correction can be degraded by other fluorophores, instrument noise and artefacts due to image processing and tracking algorithms. Estimating mechanical drift by assuming Gaussian distributed noise is not suitable under these circumstances. Here we present a method that uses fluorescent nanodiamonds as fiducial markers and uses an improved maximum likelihood algorithm to estimate the drift with both accuracy and precision within the range 1.55−5.75 nm.
An icosahedral virus as a fluorescent calibration standard: a method for counting protein molecules in cells by fluorescence microscopy
Authors: MURRAY JOHN M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe ability to replace genes coding for cellular proteins with DNA that codes for fluorescent protein‐tagged versions opens the way to counting the number of molecules of each protein component of macromolecular assemblies in vivo by measuring fluorescence microscopically. Converting fluorescence to absolute numbers of molecules requires a fluorescent standard whose molecular composition is known precisely. In this report, the construction, properties and mode of using a set of fluorescence calibration standards are described. The standards are based on an icosahedral virus engineered to contain exactly 240 copies of one of seven different fluorescent proteins. Two applications of the fluorescent standards to counting molecules in the human parasite Toxoplasma gondii are described. Methods for improving the preciseness of the measurements and minimizing potential inaccuracies are emphasized.
Understanding maternal postpartum needs: A descriptive survey of current maternal health services
Authors: Almalik Mona MA 
Published: March 2017

Aim and objectiveTo assess mothers' learning needs and concerns after giving birth and to examine whether these needs were met at 6–8 weeks postpartum.BackgroundWomen experience many physiologic and psychological changes during postpartum period, which is considered a vital transitional time. Exploring and meeting women's needs help woman to pass this period with little complications and enhance healthcare provider's ability to provide appropriate care following childbirth.DesignA prospective cohort design was employed in this study.MethodsA prospective cohort design was employed. A convenience sample of 150 postpartum women have completed perceived leaning needs scale prior to hospital discharge, at southern region of Jordan, and have completed perceived met learning needs scale at 6–8 weeks after giving birth.ResultsWomen reported a high level of concern across all eight learning needs subscales. The most common concerns were related to new baby care, episiotomy care and breastfeeding. At 6–8 weeks postpartum, the primary unmet learning needs postpartum were danger signs post‐Caesarean section, physical changes, breastfeeding and new baby care. Attending postpartum check‐up clinic was found as a significant predictor for postpartum meeting women's needs, particularly emotional changes and family planning‐related information.ConclusionsThe current maternal health services are not at the optimum level to meet women's individual needs and concerns, which could increase the risk for postpartum complications. Some women's characteristics, such as employment status and educational level, have increased women's concerns and unmet needs in some of the learning needs.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare providers and policymakers should consider women's concerns and needs at early postpartum period to establish patient‐centred postpartum care that is based on women's needs and concerns during this transitional period, with a focus on newborn baby care, episiotomy care and breastfeeding.