bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eye tracking em interface do google: a influência do elemento "Rich Snippet"
Authors: Rodas Cecilio Merlotti , Vidotti Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregório 
Published: January 2018

Introdução: Na era de intensa produção de informações na qual se vive, as interfaces humano-computador podem ter um impacto considerável sobre o sucesso de um produto. É por meio das interfaces que as pessoas acessam as informações e nesse contexto o usuário sempre deve ser considerado. Tendo em vista que o acesso às Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação tem sido feito cada vez mais por pessoas menos especialistas, como crianças e idosos, as interfaces precisam se tornar gradativamente mais intuitivas e serem capazes de atrair a atenção de seus usuários. Nesse contexto, estudos em User Experience mostram que certas tecnologias, como o Eye Tracking, são capazes de capturar camadas extras de dados e assim permitir uma melhor compreensão do comportamento das pessoas ao acessarem informações digitais. Objetivo: Nos testes buscou-se identificar se os usuários poderiam ser influenciados pelas duas diferentes tarefas dadas, uma com e outra sem apelo emocional. Metodologia: Neste trabalho foram realizados testes com usuários sobre a página de resultados do mecanismo de busca do Google, utilizando a tecnologia de Eye Tracking, procurando estimular o apelo emocional em um dos dois grupos participantes. Resultados: Os resultados surpreenderam ao mostrar que os links contidos nas páginas de resultados do Google, que apresentavam Rich Snippets, foram capazes de influenciar o comportamento dos participantes, independente da tarefa. Conclusão: Esses resultados revelaram o impacto do elemento Rich Snippet na experiência do usuário ao buscar informações na interface do Google.
Métodos de análise de assunto em fotografias: estudo no âmbito do ensino da representação da informação
Authors: Simionato Ana Carolina 
Published: January 2018

Introdução: O documento fotográfico é considerado por seu valor histórico e por seus elementos próprios de realidade direta que são transmitidos pela sua sintaxe visual. Propõe-se a reflexão de como os métodos de análise de assunto em fotografias devem fazer parte da composição do ensino da representação nos cursos de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação na Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). Objetivo: É objetivo deste trabalho apresentar um panorama das principais orientações para a atribuição do valor do metadado de assunto no tratamento de fotografias, inserido ao âmbito do ensino na graduação de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação. Metodologia: O levantamento bibliográfico realizado abordou orientações acerca da representação de fotografias, subsidiando a natureza teórica, exploratória e qualitativa do trabalho. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que as características de assunto apresentam uma gama de possibilidades e que, mesmo assim, não retiram a subjetividade de uma imagem. Conclusões: Considera-se que a utilização dos instrumentos e orientações para o conteúdo aumenta a consistência dos metadados de assunto para os sistemas de localização, acesso, uso e reuso de fotografias, em bancos de dados, catálogos e outras formas de armazenamento imagético.
Perfiles de personalidad y síndromes clínicos en personas sin hogar
Authors: Rodríguez-Pellejero Jose M. , Núñez Juan L. , Hernández Débora 
Published: January 2018

Abstract: Personality profiles and clinical syndromes in the homeless . The aims of this study were to analyze in a sample of homeless persons the prevalence of clinical personality patterns and clinical syndromes, to examine the relationship between the two, and to identify common personality profiles. Participants were 144 subjects, 35 women and 109 men, with a mean age of 42 years, all in a situation of chronic social exclusion, 67% were homeless for more than a year, and 33% more than three years. During the evaluation period they resided in a shelter for the homeless. Results showed that clinical personality patterns and clinical syndromes with higher prevalence, according to Millon’s model, were respectively: depressive, narcissistic and paranoid, as well as anxiety, drug dependence and thought disorder. In addition, cluster analysis classified subjects into two groups "narcissistic-adaptive" and "depressive-paranoid". These results suggest that treatment and health resources should be adapted based on psychiatric deterioration, considering the homeless as a heterogeneous group with different psychosocial needs.Resumen: Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: analizar la prevalencia de patrones clínicos de personalidad y de síndromes clínicos, examinar la relación entre ambos e identificar perfiles de personalidad comunes en una muestra de personas sin hogar. Los participantes fueron 144 sujetos, 35 mujeres y 109 hombres, con una media de edad de 42 años, todos ellos en una situación de exclusión social crónica, el 67% llevaba sin hogar un periodo de tiempo superior a un año, y el 33% más de tres años. Durante el periodo de evaluación residían en un albergue para personas sin hogar. Los resultados mostraron que los patrones clínicos de personalidad y los síndromes clínicos de mayor prevalencia, de acuerdo al modelo de Millon, fueron: depresivo, narcisista y paranoide, así como la ansiedad, la drogodependencia y el trastorno del pensamiento, respectivamente. Además, el análisis de cluster clasificó a los sujetos en dos grupos “narcisista-adaptativo” y “depresivo-paranoide”. Estos resultados sugieren que se deben adaptar los tratamientos y recursos sanitarios en función del deterioro psiquiátrico, considerando a las personas sin hogar como un colectivo heterogéneo con necesidades psicosociales diferentes.
Revisión de los procedimientos de evaluación observacional y cognitiva en población con ansiedad social
Authors: Alcántara-Jiménez María M. , Garcia-Lopez LuisJoaquin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract: A revision of observational and cognitive assessment measures for a population with social anxiety. Nowadays, a considerable number of self-report instruments assess cognitive and observational aspects of social anxiety disorder which makes it difficult for researchers and clinicians to remain actualized. To bridge this gap, this study concerns revising existing instruments of social anxiety measures, specifically observational and cognitive assessment tools for a population with social anxiety. The findings reveal that, notwithstanding existing instruments, further studies are needed that examine psychometric properties in different ranges of age, culture, and populations.Resumen: En los últimos años existe un elevado número de instrumentos de evaluación que han examinado aspectos observacionales y cognitivos del trastorno de ansiedad social, lo que dificulta que investigadores y clínicos puedan estar actualizados. Con el fin de cubrir esta laguna, este trabajo trata sobre la revisión de los instrumentos existentes de evaluación de ansiedad social, específicamente los instrumentos de evaluación observacional y cognitiva en población con ansiedad social. Los datos revelan que, a pesar de los instrumentos existentes, aún se precisa de nuevas investigaciones que examinen sus propiedades psicométricas en diferentes rangos de edad, culturas y poblaciones.
A Global Geospatial Ecosystem Services Estimate of Urban Agriculture
Authors: Clinton Nicholas , Stuhlmacher Michelle , Miles Albie , Uludere Aragon Nazli , Wagner Melissa , Georgescu Matei , Herwig Chris , Gong Peng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThough urban agriculture (UA), defined here as growing of crops in cities, is increasing in popularity and importance globally, little is known about the aggregate benefits of such natural capital in built‐up areas. Here, we introduce a quantitative framework to assess global aggregate ecosystem services from existing vegetation in cities and an intensive UA adoption scenario based on data‐driven estimates of urban morphology and vacant land. We analyzed global population, urban, meteorological, terrain, and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) datasets in Google Earth Engine to derive global scale estimates, aggregated by country, of services provided by UA. We estimate the value of four ecosystem services provided by existing vegetation in urban areas to be on the order of $33 billion annually. We project potential annual food production of 100–180 million tonnes, energy savings ranging from 14 to 15 billion kilowatt hours, nitrogen sequestration between 100,000 and 170,000 tonnes, and avoided storm water runoff between 45 and 57 billion cubic meters annually. In addition, we estimate that food production, nitrogen fixation, energy savings, pollination, climate regulation, soil formation and biological control of pests could be worth as much as $80–160 billion annually in a scenario of intense UA implementation. Our results demonstrate significant country‐to‐country variability in UA‐derived ecosystem services and reduction of food insecurity. These estimates represent the first effort to consistently quantify these incentives globally, and highlight the relative spatial importance of built environments to act as change agents that alleviate mounting concerns associated with global environmental change and unsustainable development.
The Biosphere Under Potential Paris Outcomes
Authors: Ostberg Sebastian , Boysen Lena R. , Schaphoff Sibyll , Lucht Wolfgang , Gerten Dieter 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRapid economic and population growth over the last centuries have started to push the Earth out of its Holocene state into the Anthropocene. In this new era, ecosystems across the globe face mounting dual pressure from human land use change (LUC) and climate change (CC). With the Paris Agreement, the international community has committed to holding global warming below 2°C above preindustrial levels, yet current pledges by countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions appear insufficient to achieve that goal. At the same time, the sustainable development goals strive to reduce inequalities between countries and provide sufficient food, feed, and clean energy to a growing world population likely to reach more than 9 billion by 2050. Here, we present a macro‐scale analysis of the projected impacts of both CC and LUC on the terrestrial biosphere over the 21st century using the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) to illustrate possible trajectories following the Paris Agreement. We find that CC may cause major impacts in landscapes covering between 16% and 65% of the global ice‐free land surface by the end of the century, depending on the success or failure of achieving the Paris goal. Accounting for LUC impacts in addition, this number increases to 38%–80%. Thus, CC will likely replace LUC as the major driver of ecosystem change unless global warming can be limited to well below 2°C. We also find a substantial risk that impacts of agricultural expansion may offset some of the benefits of ambitious climate protection for ecosystems.
Polymorphic Nature of Iron and Degree of Lattice Preferred Orientation Beneath the Earth's Inner Core Boundary
Authors: Mattesini Maurizio , Belonoshko Anatoly B. , Tkalčić Hrvoje 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDeciphering the polymorphic nature and the degree of iron lattice‐preferred orientation in the Earth's inner core holds a key to understanding the present status and evolution of the inner core. A multiphase lattice‐preferred orientation pattern is obtained for the top 350 km of the inner core by means of the ab initio based Candy Wrapper Velocity Model coupled to a Monte Carlo phase discrimination scheme. The achieved geographic distribution of lattice alignment is characterized by two regions of freezing, namely within South America and the Western Central Pacific, that exhibit an uncommon high degree of lattice orientation. In contrast, widespread regions of melting of relatively weak lattice ordering permeate the rest of the inner core. The obtained multiphase lattice‐preferred orientation pattern is in line with mantle‐constrained geodynamo simulations and allows to setup an ad hoc mineral physics scenario for the complex Earth's inner core. It is found that the cubic phase of iron is the dominating iron polymorph in the outermost part of the inner core.
Contributions of Greenhouse Gas Forcing and the Southern Annular Mode to Historical Southern Ocean Surface Temperature Trends
Authors: Kostov Yavor , Ferreira David , Armour Kyle C. , Marshall John 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe examine the 1979–2014 Southern Ocean (SO) sea surface temperature (SST) trends simulated in an ensemble of coupled general circulation models and evaluate possible causes of the models' inability to reproduce the observed 1979–2014 SO cooling. For each model we estimate the response of SO SST to step changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing and in the seasonal indices of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Using these step‐response functions, we skillfully reconstruct the models' 1979–2014 SO SST trends. Consistent with the seasonal signature of the Antarctic ozone hole and the seasonality of SO stratification, the summer and fall SAM exert a large impact on the simulated SO SST trends. We further identify conditions that favor multidecadal SO cooling: (1) a weak SO warming response to GHG forcing, (2) a strong multidecadal SO cooling response to a positive SAM trend, and (3) a historical SAM trend as strong as in observations.
Ionospheric Total Electron Content Response to the Great American Solar Eclipse of 21 August 2017
Authors: Cherniak Iurii , Zakharenkova Irina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUsing a comprehensive database of ~4,000 ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite Systems stations, we investigate the ionosphere's response to the 21 August 2017 solar eclipse. The high‐resolution, two‐dimensional maps of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) were constructed using combined GPS and GLONASS measurements. Solar eclipse resulted in a continent‐size TEC decrease with stronger effects up to 50% over the U.S. eastern coast. Along the totality path within an area of 75% obscuration TEC decreased by ~30–40%. We reveal a latitudinal dependence of the TEC response with equatorward expansion of TEC depletion. Recovery signature in the form of large‐scale TEC enhancement up to 20–30% occurred in posteclipse period. Swarm and DMSP satellites encountered the eclipse‐induced plasma density depletion and posteclipse increase at 450 km height and above. These effects were associated with downward plasma fluxes from topside ionosphere/plasmasphere and thermospheric changes.
Climate Impacts From a Removal of Anthropogenic Aerosol Emissions
Authors: Samset B. H. , Sand M. , Smith C. J. , Bauer S. E. , Forster P. M. , Fuglestvedt J. S. , Osprey S. , Schleussner C.‐F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLimiting global warming to 1.5 or 2.0°C requires strong mitigation of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Concurrently, emissions of anthropogenic aerosols will decline, due to coemission with GHG, and measures to improve air quality. However, the combined climate effect of GHG and aerosol emissions over the industrial era is poorly constrained. Here we show the climate impacts from removing present‐day anthropogenic aerosol emissions and compare them to the impacts from moderate GHG‐dominated global warming. Removing aerosols induces a global mean surface heating of 0.5–1.1°C, and precipitation increase of 2.0–4.6%. Extreme weather indices also increase. We find a higher sensitivity of extreme events to aerosol reductions, per degree of surface warming, in particular over the major aerosol emission regions. Under near‐term warming, we find that regional climate change will depend strongly on the balance between aerosol and GHG forcing.
Effects of Friction and Plastic Deformation in Shock‐Comminuted Damaged Rocks on Impact Heating
Authors: Kurosawa Kosuke , Genda Hidenori 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHypervelocity impacts cause significant heating of planetary bodies. Such events are recorded by a reset of 40Ar‐36Ar ages and/or impact melts. Here we investigate the influence of friction and plastic deformation in shock‐generated comminuted rocks on the degree of impact heating using the iSALE shock‐physics code. We demonstrate that conversion from kinetic to internal energy in the targets with strength occurs during pressure release, and additional heating becomes significant for low‐velocity impacts (<10 km s−1). This additional heat reduces the impact‐velocity thresholds required to heat the targets with the 0.1 projectile mass to temperatures for the onset of Ar loss and melting from 8 and 10 km s−1, respectively, for strengthless rocks to 2 and 6 km s−1 for typical rocks. Our results suggest that the impact conditions required to produce the unique features caused by impact heating span a much wider range than previously thought.
Reexamining the Nonlinear Moisture‐Precipitation Relationship Over the Tropical Oceans
Authors: Rushley S. S. , Kim D. , Bretherton C. S. , Ahn M.‐S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBretherton et al. (2004) used the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) version 5 product to derive an exponential curve that describes the relationship between precipitation and column relative humidity (CRH) over the tropical oceans. The curve, which features a precipitation pickup at a CRH of about 0.75 and a rapid increase of precipitation with CRH after the pickup, has been widely used in the studies of the tropical atmosphere. This study reexamines the moisture‐precipitation relationship by using the version 7 SSM/I data, in which several biases in the previous version are corrected, and evaluates the relationship in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models. In the revised exponential curve derived using the updated satellite data, the precipitation pickup occurs at a higher CRH (~0.8), and precipitation increases more slowly with CRH than in the previous curve. In most CMIP5 models, the precipitation pickup is too early due to the common model bias of overestimated (underestimated) precipitation in the dry (wet) regime.
Broadband (0–4 Hz) Ground Motions for a Magnitude 7.0 Hayward Fault Earthquake With Three‐Dimensional Structure and Topography
Authors: Rodgers Arthur J. , Pitarka Arben , Petersson N. Anders , Sjögreen Björn , McCallen David B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe performed fully deterministic broadband (0–4 Hz) high‐performance computing ground motion simulations of a magnitude 7.0 scenario earthquake on the Hayward Fault (HF) in the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California. Simulations consider average one‐dimensional (1‐D) and three‐dimensional (3‐D) anelastic structure with flat and topographic free surfaces. Ground motion intensity measures (GMIMs) for the 3‐D model display dramatic differences across the HF due to geologic heterogeneity, with low wave speeds east of the HF amplifying motions. The median GMIMs agree well with Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs); however, the 3‐D model generates more scatter than the 1‐D model. Ratios of 3‐D/1‐D GMIMs from the same source allow isolation of path and site effects for the 3‐D model. These ratios show remarkably similar trends as site‐specific factors for the GMPE predictions, suggesting that wave propagation effects in our 3‐D simulations are on average consistent with empirical data.
Possible Noise Nature of Elsässer Variable z− in Highly Alfvénic Solar Wind Fluctuations
Authors: Wang X. , Tu C.‐Y. , He J.‐S. , Wang L.‐H. , Yao S. , Zhang L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt has been a long‐standing debate on the nature of Elsässer variable z− observed in the solar wind fluctuations. It is widely believed that z− represents inward propagating Alfvén waves and interacts nonlinearly with z+ (outward propagating Alfvén waves) to generate energy cascade. However, z− variations sometimes show a feature of convective structures. Here we present a new data analysis on autocorrelation functions of z− in order to get some definite information on its nature. We find that there is usually a large drop on the z− autocorrelation function when the solar wind fluctuations are highly Alfvénic. The large drop observed by Helios 2 spacecraft near 0.3 AU appears at the first nonzero time lag τ = 81 s, where the value of the autocorrelation coefficient drops to 25%–65% of that at τ = 0 s. Beyond the first nonzero time lag, the autocorrelation coefficient decreases gradually to zero. The drop of z− correlation function also appears in the Wind observations near 1 AU. These features of the z− correlation function may suggest that z− fluctuations consist of two components: high‐frequency white noise and low‐frequency pseudo structures, which correspond to flat and steep parts of z− power spectrum, respectively. This explanation is confirmed by doing a simple test on an artificial time series, which is obtained from the superposition of a random data series on its smoothed sequence. Our results suggest that in highly Alfvénic fluctuations, z− may not contribute importantly to the interactions with z+ to produce energy cascade.
Polarization of Narrowband VLF Transmitter Signals as an Ionospheric Diagnostic
Authors: Gross N. C. , Cohen M. B. , Said R. K. , Gołkowski M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVery low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) transmitter remote sensing has long been used as a simple yet useful diagnostic for the D region ionosphere (60–90 km). All it requires is a VLF radio receiver that records the amplitude and/or phase of a beacon signal as a function of time. During both ambient and disturbed conditions, the received signal can be compared to predictions from a theoretical model to infer ionospheric waveguide properties like electron density. Amplitude and phase have in most cases been analyzed each as individual data streams, often only the amplitude is used. Scattered field formulation combines amplitude and phase effectively, but does not address how to combine two magnetic field components. We present polarization ellipse analysis of VLF transmitter signals using two horizontal components of the magnetic field. The shape of the polarization ellipse is unchanged as the source phase varies, which circumvents a significant problem where VLF transmitters have an unknown source phase. A synchronized two‐channel MSK demodulation algorithm is introduced to mitigate 90° ambiguity in the phase difference between the horizontal magnetic field components. Additionally, the synchronized demodulation improves phase measurements during low‐SNR conditions. Using the polarization ellipse formulation, we take a new look at diurnal VLF transmitter variations, ambient conditions, and ionospheric disturbances from solar flares, lightning‐ionospheric heating, and lightning‐induced electron precipitation, and find differing signatures in the polarization ellipse.