bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social determinants and maternal exposure to intimate partner violence of obstetric patients with severe maternal morbidity in the intensive care unit: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina , Taft Angela , McDonald Susan , Pollock Wendy , Roque Henriquez Joel Christian 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionMaternal mortality is a potentially preventable public health issue. Maternal morbidity is increasingly of interest to aid the reduction of maternal mortality. Obstetric patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are an important part of the global burden of maternal morbidity. Social determinants influence health outcomes of pregnant women. Additionally, intimate partner violence has a great negative impact on women's health and pregnancy outcome. However, little is known about the contextual and social aspects of obstetric patients treated in the ICU. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the social determinants and exposure to intimate partner violence of obstetric patients admitted to an ICU.Methods and analysisA systematic search will be conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest, LILACS and SciELO from 2000 to 2016. Studies published in English and Spanish will be identified in relation to data reporting on social determinants of health and/or exposure to intimate partner violence of obstetric women, treated in the ICU during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of the end of pregnancy. Two reviewers will independently screen for study eligibility and data extraction. Risk of bias and assessment of the quality of the included studies will be performed by using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Data will be analysed and summarised using a narrative description of the available evidence across studies. This systematic review protocol will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines.Ethics and disseminationSince this systematic review will be based on published studies, ethical approval is not required. Findings will be presented at La Trobe University, in Conferences and Congresses, and published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberCRD42016037492.
Changes in objectively measured smoking in pregnancy by time and legislative changes in Finland: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Männistö T , Bloigu A , Heino A , Gissler M , Surcel H M 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo study the changes in prevalence, characteristics and outcomes of pregnant smokers over time and legislative changes.Design and settingRetrospective nationwide cohort.ParticipantsOur study consisted of 9627 randomly selected pregnancies from the Finnish Maternity Cohort (1987–2011), with demographic characteristics and pregnancy and perinatal data obtained from the Medical Birth Registry and early pregnancy serum samples analysed for cotinine levels. Women were categorised based on their self-reported smoking status and measured cotinine levels (with ≥4.73 ng/mL deemed high). Data were stratified to three time periods based on legislative changes in the Tobacco Act.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence of pregnant smokers and demographics, and perinatal and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant smokers over time.ResultsOverall, 71.6% of women were non-smokers, 16.2% were active cigarette smokers, 7.7% undisclosed smoking but had high cotinine levels and 4.5% were inactive cigarette smokers. The prevalence of active cigarette smokers decreased from mid-1990s onwards among women aged ≥30 years, probably due to the ban of cigarette smoking in most workplaces. We observed no changes in the prevalence of inactive smokers or women who undisclosed smoking by time or legislative changes.Women who undisclosed smoking had similar characteristics and perinatal outcomes as inactive and active smokers. Compared with non-smokers, women who undisclosed smoking were more likely to be young, unmarried, have a socioeconomic status lower than white-collar worker and have a preterm birth.ConclusionsWomen who undisclosed smoking were very similar to pregnant cigarette smokers. We observed a reduction in the prevalence of active pregnant cigarette smokers after the ban of indoor smoking in workplaces and restaurants, mostly among women aged ≥30 years.
Serum levels of immunoglobulins and severity of community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: de la Torre Mari C , Torán Pere , Serra-Prat Mateu , Palomera Elisabet , Güell Estel , Vendrell Ester , Yébenes Joan Carles , Torres Antoni , Almirall Jordi 
Published: November 2016

InstructionThere is evidence of a relationship between severity of infection and inflammatory response of the immune system. The objective is to assess serum levels of immunoglobulins and to establish its relationship with severity of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and clinical outcome.MethodsThis was an observational and cross-sectional study in which 3 groups of patients diagnosed with CAP were compared: patients treated in the outpatient setting (n=54), patients requiring in-patient care (hospital ward) (n=173), and patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (n=191).ResultsSerum total IgG (and IgG subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4), IgA and IgM were measured at the first clinical visit. Normal cutpoints were defined as the lowest value obtained in controls (≤680, ≤323, ≤154, ≤10, ≤5, ≤30 and ≤50 mg/dL for total IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM and IgA, respectively). Serum immunoglobulin levels decreased in relation to severity of CAP. Low serum levels of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 showed a relationship with ICU admission. Low serum level of total IgG was independently associated with ICU admission (OR=2.45, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.2, p=0.002), adjusted by the CURB-65 severity score and comorbidities (chronic respiratory and heart diseases). Low levels of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 were significantly associated with 30-day mortality.ConclusionsPatients with severe CAP admitted to the ICU showed lower levels of immunoglobulins than non-ICU patients and this increased mortality.
ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION, DESIGN AND NPD PERFORMANCE: THE ROLE OF CO-CREATION STRATEGY
Authors: HSU YEN 
Published: November 2016

Within firms, procedures would be the site of a big pool of business assets that always take into account the preponderance of the firm’s physical and human capital. In enterprises, innovation, marketing, and product design should be closely coordinated. Most research has demonstrated that an effective connection among innovation R&D, marketing activities, and design pushes products into the marketplace and guarantees their success. However, empirical studies of the Co-creations among innovation, marketing, and design strategies in new product development (NPD) performance are rare. This gives an effective empirical contribution towards the emerging body of students developing the co-creation paradigm, mainly indicated by conceptual advances in strategic management logic. The overall aim of the paper is to unravel the nature of strategy processes of co-creation in innovation. In this study, enterprises from the Taiwan Bicycle Exporter’s Association (TBEA) database were chosen randomly as subjects. In the first survey, the status of the marketing strategy, innovation strategy, and design strategy was determined. After a new product was marketed for one year, a second survey was conducted as an NPD performance check. After repeated contact, 188 enterprises (23.5%) responded. Major findings of the study are as follows. (1) The structural equation model (SEM) results demonstrate a great fit between your theoretical model and observed data for innovation, marketing, and design methods. (2) The NPD performance is affected by an enterprise’s innovation, marketing, and design methods. Furthermore, innovation and marketing methods also influence NPD performance through design strategy. For NPD performance, design technique is both a completely independent variable as well as an intervening variable. (3) The NPD performance could be strengthened when businesses struggle for innovation, marketing, and design methods. Controlling the co-creation process is really a complex endeavor. The research findings claim that managers of co-produced service improvements develop an interactive procedure for inducing and imagining innovative actions of the network stars.
Mesothelial Cells Create a Novel Tissue Niche That Facilitates Gastric Cancer Invasion
Authors: Tanaka Masamitsu , Kuriyama Sei , Itoh Go , Maeda Daichi , Goto Akiteru , Tamiya Yutaro , Yanagihara Kazuyoshi , Yashiro Masakazu , Aiba Namiko 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC) cover organ surfaces in the abdominal cavity. In this study, lineage tracing revealed that the PMCs guide cancer cell invasion in the gastric wall and in peritoneal metastatic lesions. Serosal PMCs covering the stomach surface entered the gastric wall to create a novel niche that favored gastric cancer cell invasion. PMC infiltration was induced by incorporation of cancer cell–derived, Wnt3a-containing extracellular vesicles. Infiltrated PMCs in turn promoted subserosal invasion of cancer cells. Mutual attraction between cancer cells and PMCs accelerated tumor invasion in the gastric wall, and PMC-led cancer cell invasion in disseminated tumors within the abdominal wall and diaphragm. Addition of the carboxyl terminus of Dickkopf-1 attenuated directional invasion of PMCs toward cancer cells both in vitro and in the gastric wall in vivo. PMCs were sensitive to the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitor disulfiram (DSF), as ALDH activity is elevated in PMCs. Wnt3a upregulated ALDH, and addition of DSF inhibited the invasive properties of PMCs, whereas DSF pretreatment suppressed gastric infiltration of PMCs and subserosal invasion by cancer cells. Our results suggest that stabilization of PMCs may become an effective therapy for the prevention of local invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. Cancer Res; 77(3); 684–95. ©2016 AACR.
Impact of Alcohol Consumption on the Outcome of Catheter Ablation in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Takigawa Masateru , Takahashi Atsushi , Kuwahara Taishi , Takahashi Yoshihide , Okubo Kenji , Nakashima Emiko , Watari Yuji , Nakajima Jun , Yamao Kazuya , Osaka Yuki , Tanaka Yasuaki , Kimura Shigeki , Takagi Katsumasa , Hikita Hiroyuki , Hirao Kenzo , Isobe Mitsuaki 
Published: November 2016

Background

Although several studies have reported an association between atrial fibrillation (
AF
) and alcohol, the impact of alcohol consumption on the outcome after catheter ablation (
CA
) for
AF
has not been discussed. We aimed to elucidate the effect of alcohol consumption on the outcome of
CA
for paroxysmal
AF
.

Methods and Results

We examined 1361 consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF (mean age, 61±11 years, 334 women) who underwent
CA
, including 623 (45.8%) patients who consumed alcohol. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of
CA
were compared between patients who did and did not consume alcohol. No significant differences were seen in the left atrial size, duration of
AF
history, and incidence of nonpulmonary vein foci between 2 groups (
P
=
NS
). Although the
AF
recurrence‐free rate after the initial
CA
was higher in patients who did not consume alcohol (261/623 [41.9%] versus 252/738 [34.1%]; mean follow‐up, 44.4±30.7 months;
P
=0.003), the outcome after the final
CA
was similar between 2 groups (patients who consumed alcohol: 111/628 [17.7%] versus patients who did not consume alcohol: 138/738 [18.7%]; mean follow‐up, 53.1±25.8 months;
P
=0.67). The frequency (hazard ratio 1.07 per 1 day/week increase,
CI
1.00–1.15,
P
=0.04) of alcohol consumption was significantly associated with
AF
recurrence after
CA
.

Conclusions

The frequency of alcohol consumption may be associated with
AF
recurrence after the initial
CA
for paroxysmal AF, but it may not affect the outcome after the final
CA
.
Mediofrontal Negativity Signals Unexpected Timing of Salient Outcomes
Authors: Garofalo Sara , Timmermann Christopher , Battaglia Simone , Maier Martin E. , di Pellegrino Giuseppe 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ACC have been consistently implicated in learning predictions of future outcomes and signaling prediction errors (i.e., unexpected deviations from such predictions). A computational model of ACC/mPFC posits that these prediction errors should be modulated by outcomes occurring at unexpected times, even if the outcomes themselves are predicted. However, unexpectedness per se is not the only variable that modulates ACC/mPFC activity, as studies reported its sensitivity to the salience of outcomes. In this study, mediofrontal negativity, a component of the event-related brain potential generated in ACC/mPFC and coding for prediction errors, was measured in 48 participants performing a Pavlovian aversive conditioning task, during which aversive (thus salient) and neutral outcomes were unexpectedly shifted (i.e., anticipated or delayed) in time. Mediofrontal ERP signals of prediction error were observed for outcomes occurring at unexpected times but were specific for salient (shock-associated), as compared with neutral, outcomes. These findings have important implications for the theoretical accounts of ACC/mPFC and suggest a critical role of timing and salience information in prediction error signaling.
Boosting Cognition: Effects of Multiple-Session Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Working Memory
Authors: Talsma Lotte J. , Kroese Henryk A. , Slagter Heleen A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising tool for neurocognitive enhancement. Several studies have shown that just a single session of tDCS over the left dorsolateral pFC (lDLPFC) can improve the core cognitive function of working memory (WM) in healthy adults. Yet, recent studies combining multiple sessions of anodal tDCS over lDLPFC with verbal WM training did not observe additional benefits of tDCS in subsequent stimulation sessions nor transfer of benefits to novel WM tasks posttraining. Using an enhanced stimulation protocol as well as a design that included a baseline measure each day, the current study aimed to further investigate the effects of multiple sessions of tDCS on WM. Specifically, we investigated the effects of three subsequent days of stimulation with anodal (20 min, 1 mA) versus sham tDCS (1 min, 1 mA) over lDLPFC (with a right supraorbital reference) paired with a challenging verbal WM task. WM performance was measured with a verbal WM updating task (the letter n-back) in the stimulation sessions and several WM transfer tasks (different letter set n-back, spatial n-back, operation span) before and 2 days after stimulation. Anodal tDCS over lDLPFC enhanced WM performance in the first stimulation session, an effect that remained visible 24 hr later. However, no further gains of anodal tDCS were observed in the second and third stimulation sessions, nor did benefits transfer to other WM tasks at the group level. Yet, interestingly, post hoc individual difference analyses revealed that in the anodal stimulation group the extent of change in WM performance on the first day of stimulation predicted pre to post changes on both the verbal and the spatial transfer task. Notably, this relationship was not observed in the sham group. Performance of two individuals worsened during anodal stimulation and on the transfer tasks. Together, these findings suggest that repeated anodal tDCS over lDLPFC combined with a challenging WM task may be an effective method to enhance domain-independent WM functioning in some individuals, but not others, or can even impair WM. They thus call for a thorough investigation into individual differences in tDCS respondence as well as further research into the design of multisession tDCS protocols that may be optimal for boosting cognition across a wide range of individuals.
A Tale of Two Temporal Coding Strategies: Common and Dissociable Brain Regions Involved in Recency versus Associative Temporal Order Retrieval Strategies
Authors: Lieberman Jennifer S. , Kyle Colin T. , Schedlbauer Amber , Stokes Jared , Ekstrom Arne D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNumerous studies indicate the importance of the hippocampus to temporal order retrieval. However, behavioral studies suggest that there are different ways to retrieve temporal order information from encoded sequences, one involving an associative strategy (retrieving associations using neighboring items in a list) and another involving a recency strategy (determining which of two items came first). It remains unresolved, however, whether both strategies recruit the hippocampus or only associative strategies, consistent with the hippocampus's role in relational processing. To address this, we developed a paradigm in which we dissociated associative versus recency-based retrieval, involving the same stimulus presentation during retrieval. Associative retrieval involved an increase in RT (and decrease in performance) with greater distances between intervals, consistent with the need to retrieve intervening associations. Recency-based retrieval involved an increase in RT (and decrease in performance) with shorter distances between intervals, suggesting the use of a strength-based coding mechanism to retrieve information. We employed fMRI to determine the neural basis of the different strategies. Both strategies showed significant levels of hippocampal activation and connectivity that did not differ between tasks. In contrast, both univariate and connectivity pattern analyses revealed differences in extrahippocampal areas such as parietal and frontal cortices. A covariate analysis suggested that differences could not be explained by task difficulty alone. Together, these findings suggest that the hippocampus plays a role in both forms of temporal order retrieval, with neocortical networks mediating the different cognitive demands for associative versus recency-based temporal order retrieval.
C.S. Lewis as a Public Theologian
Authors: Cartledge Mark J. 
Published: November 2016

C.S. Lewis’s books are as popular as ever. Within Christianity this popularity is, in part, fueled by the American Evangelical admiration for him and the interest in maintaining his role in shaping the minds of the next generation of university students. Academically, Lewis studies have never been healthier and now philosophers and theologians are among those studying Lewis for their own benefit alongside historians and literary scholars. In this context, the paucity of pentecostal engagement with Lewis is noticeable. This article aims to explore the ways in which pentecostal theologians have engaged with C.S. Lewis, and it does so by placing the discussion in the context of public theology. It asks the question as to whether it is appropriate to consider Lewis as a public theologian and, if so, what that means in terms of a pentecostal appraisal of his legacy.
Dynamics and Predictability of the Intensification of Hurricane Edouard (2014)
Authors: Munsell Erin B. , Zhang Fuqing , Sippel Jason A. , Braun Scott A. , Weng Yonghui 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The dynamics and predictability of the intensification of Hurricane Edouard (2014) are explored through a 60-member convection-permitting ensemble initialized with an ensemble Kalman filter that assimilates dropsondes collected during NASA’s Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) investigation. The 126-h forecasts are initialized when Edouard was designated as a tropical depression and include Edouard’s near–rapid intensification (RI) from a tropical storm to a strong category-2 hurricane. Although the deterministic forecast was very successful and many members correctly forecasted Edouard’s intensification, there was significant spread in the timing of intensification among the members of the ensemble.
Utilizing composite groups created according to the near-RI-onset times of the members, it is shown that, for increasing magnitudes of deep-layer shear, RI onset is increasingly delayed; intensification will not occur once a critical shear threshold is exceeded. Although the timing of intensification varies by as much as 48 h, a decrease in shear is observed across the intensifying composite groups ~6–12 h prior to RI. This decrease in shear is accompanied by a reduction in vortex tilt, as the precession and subsequent alignment process begins ~24–48 h prior to RI. Sensitivity experiments reveal that some of the variation in RI timing can be attributed to differences in initial intensity, as the earliest-developing members have the strongest initial vortices regardless of their environment. Significant sensitivity and limited predictability exists for members with weaker initial vortices and/or that are embedded in less conducive environments, under which the randomness of moist convective processes and minute initial differences distant from the surface center can produce divergent forecasts.
Region-Specific Effect of the Decellularized Meniscus Extracellular Matrix on Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Based Meniscus Tissue Engineering
Authors: Shimomura Kazunori , Rothrauff Benjamin B. , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: November 2016

Background: The meniscus is the most commonly injured knee structure, and surgical repair is often ineffective. Tissue engineering–based repair or regeneration may provide a needed solution. Decellularized, tissue-derived extracellular matrices (ECMs) have received attention for their potential use as tissue-engineered scaffolds. In considering meniscus-derived ECMs (mECMs) for meniscus tissue engineering, it is noteworthy that the inner and outer regions of the meniscus have different structural and biochemical features, potentially directing the differentiation of cells toward region-specific phenotypes. Purpose: To investigate the applicability of mECMs for meniscus tissue engineering by specifically comparing region-dependent effects of mECMs on 3-dimensional constructs seeded with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Bovine menisci were divided into inner and outer halves and were minced, treated with Triton X-100 and DNase, and extracted with urea. Then, hBMSCs (1 × 106 cells/mL) were encapsulated in a photo–cross-linked 10% polyethylene glycol diacrylate scaffold containing mECMs (60 μg/mL) derived from either the inner or outer meniscus, with an ECM-free scaffold as a control. The cell-seeded constructs were cultured with chondrogenic medium containing recombinant human transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3) and were analyzed for expression of meniscus-associated genes as well as for the collagen (hydroxyproline) and glycosaminoglycan content as a function of time. Results: Decellularization was verified by the absence of 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)–stained cell nuclei and a reduction in the DNA content. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that collagen type I expression was significantly higher in the outer mECM group than in the other groups, while collagen type II and aggrecan expression was highest in the inner mECM group. The collagen (hydroxyproline) content was highest in the outer mECM group, while the glycosaminoglycan content was higher in both the inner and outer mECM groups compared with the control group. Conclusion: These results showed that the inner mECM enhances the fibrocartilaginous differentiation of hBMSCs, while the outer mECM promotes a more fibroblastic phenotype. Our findings support the feasibility of fabricating bioactive scaffolds using region-specific mECM preparations for meniscus tissue engineering. Clinical Relevance: This is the first report to demonstrate the feasibility of applying region-specific mECMs for the engineering of meniscus implants capable of reproducing the biphasic, anatomic, and biochemical characteristics of the meniscus, features that should contribute to the feasibility of their clinical application.