bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sur l’équation générale $u_t = a(., u, φ(., u)_x)_x + ν$ dans $L^1$ : II. Le problème d’évolution
Authors: Bénilan Philippe , Touré Hamidou 
Published: February 2017

We consider in this article, the general equation

u_t = a(., u, φ(., u)_x)_x + v

of parabolic type, which may degenerate into first order hyperbolic type for some values of

(x, u)

. Under very general assumptions on the data, we prove existence, uniqueness and continuous dépendance results for mild solution of associated Cauchy Problem or Boundary Value Problems. With additionnai assumptions on the data, we show that this mild solution is an “entropy solution”. We study uniqueness of a weak solution and existence of strong solution.

Résumé

Nous étudions dans cet article l’équation générale

u_t = a(., u, φ(., u)_x)_x + v

de type parabolique pouvant dégénérer en hyperbolique du premier ordre pour certaines valeurs de

(x, u)

. Utilisant la théorie des semi-groupes non linéaires dans

L^1

, nous établissons des résultats d’existence, d’unicité et de dépendance continue par rapport aux données, d’une « bonne solution » du problème de Cauchy ou de problèmes aux limites associés à cette équation sous des hypothèses très générales sur les données. Avec des hypothèses complémentaires, nous montrons que cette « bonne solution » est « solution entropique », nous étudions l’unicité des solutions faibles et l’existence de solution forte.
A note on compactness-type properties with respect to Lorentz norms of bounded subsets of a Sobolev Space
Authors: Solimini Sergio 
Published: February 2017

Some properties of “concentration-compactness type” are proved to the aim of characterizing the behaviour of bounded sequences of functions in a Sobolev Space with respect to Lorentz norms. Such properties are shown to exist as far as the embedding is not optimal with respect to the secundary index.

Résumé
Des propriétés « du type concentration-compacité » sont démontrées dans le but de caractériser le comportement de suites bornées de fonctions dans un Espace de Sobolev relativement aux normes de Lorentz. Ces propriétés sont prouvées tant que le plongement n’est pas optimal par rapport à l’exposant secondaire.
Non-uniqueness of solutions of nonlinear heat equations of fast diffusion type
Authors: Rodriguez Ana , Vazquez Juan Luis 
Published: February 2017

We study the existence of infinitely many solutions for the Cauchy problem associated with the nonlinear heat equation

u_t = (u^{m − 1}u_x)_x

in the fast diffusion range of exponents

−1 < m ≤ 0

with initial data

u_0 ≥ 0

,

u_0 ≢ 0

. The issue of non-uniqueness arises because of the singular character of the diffusivity for

u ≈ 0

. The precise question we want to clarify is: can we have multiple solutions even for initial data which are far away from the singular level

u = 0

, for instance for

u_0 (x) ≡ 1

? The answer is, rather surprisingly, yes. Indeed, there are infinitely many solutions for every given initial function. These properties differ strongly from other usual types of heat equations, linear or nonlinear.

We take as initial data an arbitrary function in

L_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1}\:(\mathrm{R})

. We prove that when the initial data have infinite integral on a side, say at

x = ∞

, then we can choose either to have infinite mass for all small times at least on that side, and the choice is then unique, or finite mass, and then we need to prescribe a flux function with diverging integral at

t = 0

, being otherwise quite general. Moreover, a new parameter appears in the solution set. The behaviour on both ends,

x = ∞

and

x = −∞

is similar and independent.

Résumé

Nous étudions l’existence d’une infinité de solutions pour le problème de Cauchy associé à l’équation de la chaleur non linéaire

u_t = (u^{m − 1}u_x)_x

dans le rang d’exposants

− 1 < m ≤ 0

, avec donnée initiale

u_0 ≥ 0

et non triviale. La possibilité de non-unicité apparaît à cause de la singularité de la diffusivité

u^{m − 1}

pour

u \sim 0

. La question précise que nous voulons clarifier peut être formulée comme suit : est-il possible d’avoir une multiplicité de solutions même pour une donnée initiale qui est partout loin du niveau singulier

u = 0

? La réponse (plutôt surprenante) est OUI, il y a toujours non unicité, et même une infinité de solutions pour chaque donnée initiale

u_0

. Ces propriétés diffèrent notablement de celles des autres équations de la chaleur linéaires ou non linéaires qu’on a étudiées.

On prend des données initiales

u_{0} \in L_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1}\:(\mathrm{R})

. Quand l’intégrale de

u_0

diverge en

x = +∞

on a ou bien le choix d’une masse infinie de ce côté pour tout temps petit (et ce choix est unique) ou bien d’une masse finie toujours, et alors on a besoin d’imposer une fonction de fluxe

f(t)

à l’infini avec intégrale divergente en

t = 0

, autrement arbitraire. L’ensemble des solutions montre encore un paramètre supplémentaire. Le comportement pour

x = − ∞

est similaire et indépendant.
Second order nonpersistence of the sine Gordon breather under an exceptional perturbation
Authors: Denzler Jochen 
Published: February 2017

We consider the only nontrivial perturbation of the sine Gordon equation of the type

u_{tt} − u_{xx} + \operatorname{sin} u = εΔ(u) + O(ε^2)

under which persistence of the unperturbed breather family cannot be ruled out by first order perturbation theory. We show that in this case, nonpersistence can be proved by second order perturbation theory. A resonant interaction of the second order perturbation function with the first order perturbation of the breathers is responsible for this phenomenon. Number theoretic techniques make the final analysis manageable.

Résumé

On discute de la seule perturbation

u_{tt} − u_{xx} + \operatorname{sin} u = εΔ(u) + O(ε^2)

non triviale de l’équation sinus-Gordon pour laquelle il est impossible de conclure, sur la base de la seule équation du premier ordre en

ε

, que l’ensemble des solutions « breather » (« respirateur ») ne soit pas conservé. Dans ce cas, on se sert de l’équation du second ordre en e pour démontrer que cet ensemble n’est pas conservé. C’est une résonance du second ordre de la perturbation de l’équation avec le premier ordre de la perturbation des solutions « breather », qui est responsable pour ce phénomène. Pour réussir aux évaluations finales, on utilise des résultats de la théorie des nombres.
Connectivity properties of the range of a weak diffeomorphism ()
Authors: Giaquinta Mariano , Souček Jiří , Modica Giuseppe 
Published: February 2017

We discuss connectivity properties of the range of Sobolev maps, and of weak diffeomorphisms or equivalently of elastic deformations.

Résumé
On présente des résultats sur la connexion de l’image d’un difféomorphisme faible.
Topological solutions in the self-dual Chern-Simons theory: existence and approximation
Authors: Spruck Joel , Yang Yisong 
Published: February 2017

In this paper a globally convergent computational scheme is established to approximate a topological multivortex solution in the recently discovered self-dual Chern–Simons theory in

\mathbf R^2

. Our method which is constructive and numerically efficient finds the most superconducting solution in the sense that its Higgs field has the largest possible magnitude. The method consists of two steps: first one obtains by a convergent monotone iterative algorithm a suitable solution of the bounded domain equations and then one takes the large domain limit and approximates the full piane solutions. It is shown that with a special choice of the initial guess function, the approximation sequence approaches exponentially fast a solution in

\mathbf R^2

. The convergence rate implies that the truncation errors away from local regions are insignificant.

Résumé

Nous présentons dans cet article un algorithme qui converge globalement vers une solution qui est un multi-tourbillon topologique dans la théorie auto-duale de Chern–Simons sur

\mathbf R^2

. Notre méthode, qui est constructive et numériquement efficace fournit la solution la plus superconductrice, en ce sens que son champ de Higgs a norme maximum. Nous procédons de la manière suivante : nous obtenons d’abord une solution appropriée des équations dans le cas d’un domaine borné en utilisant une itération monotone convergente, puis en passant à la limite du grand domaine, nous approximons la solution dans tout le plan. Nous montrons que pour un choix particulier de la fonction initiale, la suite d’approximations converge exponentiellement vers une solution dans

\mathbf R^2

. La rapidità de la convergence entraîne que les erreurs dues à la troncation hors des régions locales sont négligeables.
Regulatory power, post-crisis transatlantic disputes, and the network structure of the financial industry
Authors: Quaglia Lucia 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe international financial crisis was followed by waves of domestic regulatory reforms, first and foremost, in the United States and the European Union. Post-crisis financial regulation was sometimes different across jurisdictions. Moreover, the United States and the European Union sought in various ways to (re)assert their regulatory power not only vis-à-vis the market, but also with regard to other jurisdictions, which often resisted the projection of regulatory power beyond national borders. Consequently, a handful of important post-crisis transatlantic regulatory disputes emerged concerning E.U. rules on hedge funds, U.S. rules on bank structure and E.U. and U.S. rules on over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives. These disputes mainly involved the terms of access to each other's markets, the equivalence between domestic rules, and the extraterritorial effects of those rules. Some of these disputes were also intra-E.U. disagreements, whenever the preferences of the United Kingdom were different from those of Continental countries and similar to those of the United States. The network structure of the financial industry and the patterns of financial interdependence across the Atlantic amplified the extra territorial effects of domestic reforms, but at the same time triggered an active involvement of the transnational financial industry in the management and, eventually, the settlement of these disputes.
Lack of Benefit With Combination Therapy for Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Njoku Jessica C. , Van Schooneveld Trevor C. , Rupp Mark E. , Olsen Keith M. , Qiu Fang , Meza Jane L. , Hermsen Elizabeth D. 
Published: February 2017

Limited data exist regarding combination therapy for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). After adjusting for confounders in a cohort of patients with CDI and≥1 year old, combination therapy was not associated with significant differences in clinical outcomes, but it was associated with prolonged duration of therapy (1.22 days; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.44 days; P=.02).Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:602–605
The Effect of Universal Decolonization With Screening in Critical Care to Reduce MRSA Across an Entire Hospital
Authors: Bradley Craig W. , Wilkinson Martyn A. C. , Garvey Mark I. 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVETo describe the effect of universal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) decolonization therapy in a large intensive care unit (ICU) on the rates of MRSA cases and acquisitions in a UK hospital.DESIGNDescriptive study.SETTINGUniversity Hospitals Birmingham (UHB) NHS Foundation Trust is a tertiary referral teaching hospital in Birmingham, United Kingdom, that provides clinical services to nearly 1 million patients every year.METHODSA break-point time series analysis and kernel regression models were used to detect significant changes in the cumulative monthly numbers of MRSA bacteremia cases and acquisitions from April 2013 to August 2016 across the UHB system.RESULTSPrior to 2014, all ICU patients at UHB received universal MRSA decolonization therapy. In August 2014, UHB discontinued the use of universal decolonization due to published reports in the United Kingdom detailing the limited usefulness and cost-effectiveness of such an intervention. Break-point time series analysis of MRSA acquisition and bacteremia data indicated that break points were associated with the discontinuation and subsequent reintroduction of universal decolonization. Kernel regression models indicated a significant increase (P<.001) in MRSA acquisitions and bacteremia cases across UHB during the period without universal decolonization.CONCLUSIONWe suggest that routine decolonization for MRSA in a large ICU setting is an effective strategy to reduce the spread and incidence of MRSA across the whole hospital.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:430–435
Boundary-layer development and gravity waves in conventionally neutral wind farms
Authors: Allaerts Dries , Meyers Johan 
Published: February 2017

While neutral atmospheric boundary layers are rare over land, they occur frequently over sea. In these cases they are almost always of the conventionally neutral type, in which the neutral boundary layer is capped by a strong inversion layer and a stably stratified atmosphere aloft. In the current study, we use large-eddy simulations (LES) to investigate the interaction between a large wind farm that has a fetch of 15 km and a conventionally neutral boundary layer (CNBL) in typical offshore conditions. At the domain inlet, we consider three different equilibrium CNBLs with heights of approximately 300 m, 500 m and 1000 m that are generated in a separate precursor LES. We find that the height of the inflow boundary layer has a significant impact on the wind farm flow development. First of all, above the farm, an internal boundary layer develops that interacts downwind with the capping inversion for the two lowest CNBL cases. Secondly, the upward displacement of the boundary layer by flow deceleration in the wind farm excites gravity waves in the inversion layer and the free atmosphere above. For the lower CNBL cases, these waves induce significant pressure gradients in the farm (both favourable and unfavourable depending on location and case). A detailed energy budget analysis in the turbine region shows that energy extracted by the wind turbines comes both from flow deceleration and from vertical turbulent entrainment. Though turbulent transport dominates near the end of the farm, flow deceleration remains significant, i.e. up to 35 % of the turbulent flux for the lowest CNBL case. In fact, while the turbulent fluxes are fully developed after eight turbine rows, the mean flow does not reach a stationary regime. A further energy budget analysis over the rest of the CNBL reveals that all energy available at turbine level comes from upwind kinetic energy in the boundary layer. In the lower CNBL cases, the pressure field induced by gravity waves plays an important role in redistributing this energy throughout the farm. Overall, in all cases entrainment at the capping inversion is negligible, and also the work done by the mean background pressure gradient, arising from the geostrophic balance in the free atmosphere, is small.
North Atlantic controlled depositional cycles in MIS 5e layered sediments from the deep Dead Sea basin
Authors: Palchan Daniel , Neugebauer Ina , Amitai Yael , Waldmann Nicolas D. , Schwab Markus J. , Dulski Peter , Brauer Achim , Stein Mordechai , Erel Yigal , Enzel Yehouda 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe drilled Inter-Continental Drilling Project core at the deeps of the Dead Sea reveals thick sequences of halite deposits from the last interglacial period, reflecting prevailing arid conditions in the lake’s watershed. Here, we examine sequences of intercalating evaporates (halite or gypsum) and fine-detritus laminae and apply petrographic, micro-X-ray fluorescence, and statistical tools to establish in high-temporal resolution the hydroclimatic controls on the sedimentation in the last interglacial Dead Sea. The time series of the thickness of the best-recovered core sections of the layered halite, detritus, and gypsum reveals periodicities of ~11, 7–8, and 4–5 yr, pointing to a North Atlantic control and possibly solar influence on the hydrology of the Dead Sea watershed during the regionally arid period of the last interglacial period. Similar periodicities were detected in the last glacial and modern sedimentary sequences of the Dead Sea and other archives of the central Levant, indicating a persistent impact of the solar cycles on regional hydrology, possibly through the effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation.
Quaternary marine terrace chronology, North Canterbury, New Zealand, using amino acid racemization and infrared-stimulated luminescence
Authors: Oakley David O.S. , Kaufman Darrell S. , Gardner Thomas W. , Fisher Donald M. , VanderLeest Rebecca A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractExtensive marine terraces along the North Canterbury coast of the South Island of New Zealand record uplift in this tectonically active area. Although the terraces have been studied previously, applications of Quaternary geochronological techniques to the region have been limited. We use infrared-stimulated luminescence (IRSL), amino acid racemization (AAR), and radiocarbon to determine ages of terraces at three locations—Glenafric, Motunau Beach, and Haumuri Bluff. We develop an AAR calibration curve for the mollusk speciesTawera spissafrom sites of known age, including the sedimentary sequence of the Whanganui Basin. Bayesian model averaging of the results is used to estimate ages of marine shells from the North Canterbury terraces. By using both IRSL and AAR, we are able to confirm ages using two independent dating methods and to identify one IRSL result that is likely in error. We develop new age estimates for the marine terraces of North Canterbury and propose correlations between sites. This terrace chronology differs significantly from most previous studies, highlighting the importance of numerical dating. The most extensive terraces are from marine isotope stages (MISs) 5a and 5c, with partial reoccupation of one terrace during MIS 3, whereas MIS 5e terraces are notably lacking among those dated.
Unearthing the Hidden Welfare State: Race, Political Attitudes, and Unforeseen Consequences
Authors: Callaghan Timothy , Olson Adam 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper incorporates the role of race into our understanding of the hidden welfare state by exploring the implications of racialization of hidden welfare state programs for mass attitudes. We explain how traditional welfare programs have been racialized historically and the implications of that racialization on attitudes towards welfare programs. We then discuss how the same fate could befall hidden programs for the poor if “unearthed” as hidden welfare state scholars have suggested. Finally, we carry out an experiment racializing a hidden welfare state program in the same way that traditional welfare state programs have been racialized historically. Our analysis finds that only when the hidden welfare state program is described using traditional racial stereotypes, support for the program drops significantly among racially resentful. Our findings suggest that the inclusion of race into the hidden welfare state narrative alters our understanding of attitudes towards some of these programs.
A study of associations between early DHA status and fatty acid desaturase (FADS) SNP and developmental outcomes in children of obese mothers
Authors: Andersen Karina R. , Harsløf Laurine B. S. , Schnurr Theresia M. , Hansen Torben , Hellgren Lars I. , Michaelsen Kim F. , Lauritzen Lotte 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDHA from diet or endogenous synthesis has been proposed to affect infant development, however, results are inconclusive. In this study, we aim to verify previously observed fatty acid desaturase gene cluster (FADS) SNP-specific associations with erythrocyte DHA status in 9-month-old children and sex-specific association with developmental outcomes. The study was performed in 166 children (55 % boys) of obese mothers. Erythrocyte fatty acid composition was analysed in blood-samples obtained at 9 months of age, and developmental outcomes assessed by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire at 3 years. Erythrocyte DHA level ranged from 4·4 to 9·9 % of fatty acids, but did not show any association withFADSSNP or other potential determinants. Regression analysis showed associations between erythrocyte DHA and scores for personal–social skills (β1·8 (95 % CI 0·3, 3·3),P=0·019) and problem solving (β3·4 (95 % CI 1·2, 5·6),P=0·003). A tendency was observed for an association in opposite direction between minor alleles (G-variant) of rs1535 and rs174575 and personal–social skills (P=0·062 and 0·068, respectively), which became significant when the SNP were combined based on their previously observed effect on erythrocyte DHA at 9 months of age (β2·6 (95 % CI 0·01, 5·1),P=0·011). Sex–SNP interaction was indicated for rs174575 genotype on fine motor scores (P=0·016), due to higher scores among minor allele carrying girls (P=0·043), whereas no effect was seen among boys. In conclusion, DHA-increasingFADSSNP and erythrocyte DHA status were consistently associated with improved personal–social skills in this small cohort of children of obese mothers irrespective of sex, but the sample was too small to verify potential sex-specific effects.
Fasciola hepaticainfections in cattle and the freshwater snailGalba truncatulafrom Dakhla Oasis, Egypt
Authors: Arafa W.M. , Hassan A.I. , Snousi S.A.M. , El-Dakhly Kh.M. , Holman P.J. , Craig T.M. , Aboelhadid S.M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInfection byFasciolaspecies was investigated in seven districts of Dakhla Oasis, Egypt, through abattoir inspection of cattle livers for adult worms and sedimentation of faecal samples from local cattle to detectFasciolaeggs. In addition, lymnaeid snails collected from the study area were examined microscopically for developmental stages ofFasciolaspp. Abattoir inspection revealed that 51 out of 458 cattle livers (11.1%) contained adult flukes, which were identified morphologically asFasciola hepatica.Examination of the cattle faecal samples revealed that 142 out of 503 (28.2%) containedFasciolaeggs. The collected snails, identified asGalba truncatulaandRadix natalensis,showed larval stages ofFasciolain 71 out of 731 (9.7%)G. truncatula, whileR. natalensisshowed no infection. Specific duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the mitochondrialcox1gene ofF. hepaticaandFasciola giganticawas carried out on DNA extracted from pooled infected snails and adult worms. TheF. hepaticasize amplicon (1031 bp) was obtained from both the infectedG. truncatulaand the adult worms isolated from cattle livers from different districts. The amplicon sequences were identical to the published sequences ofF. hepaticamitochondrialcox1gene. In conclusion, the zoonotic importance ofFasciolainfection and appropriate hygienic measures must be taken into consideration in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt.