bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation and experimental comparison of flaw evolution on a bearing raceway: Case of thrust ball bearing
Authors: Toumi M.Y. , Murer S. , Bogard F. , Bolaers F. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Bearings are essential elements in the design of rotating machines. In an industrial context, bearing failure can have costly consequences. This paper presents a study of the rolling contact fatigue damage applied to thrust ball bearings. It consists in building a dynamic three-dimensional numerical model of the cyclic shift of a ball on an indented rolling surface, using finite element analysis (FEA). Assessment of the evolution in size of a surface spall as a function of loading cycles is also performed using FEM coupled with fatigue laws. Results are in good agreement with laboratory tests carried out under the same conditions using a fatigue test cell dedicated to ball bearings. This study may improve knowledge about estimating the lifetime of rolling components after onset of a spall using FEA and accounting for structural damage state.
Highlights The experimental apparatus and damaged thrust ball bearing are described. We model a portion of the thrust ball bearing featuring a spherical indent. Numerical results in terms of stress field are compared to analytical results from the literature. A fatigue software is used to assess the evolution of spalling size. Good agreement is obtained between experimental test campaigns at different loads and FEA results.
Remote art centres and Indigenous development
Authors: Congreve Susan , Burgess John 
Published: February 2018

AbstractArt centres fulfil many functions in remote regions as a source of Indigenous identity and creativity; as a link to the global art market; as centres for community engagement and participation; and as a source of social capital providing a range of services for local communities. They are dependent on funding from State and Federal authorities and they are identified as one of the success stories in remote community development. However, they face an uncertain future in the light of their multiple functions and their position as both a source of traditional identity and a link to an external art market. The article highlights the challenges faced by government in the evaluation of their effectiveness and contribution; and in particular discusses the suitability of the hybrid economy model as a representation of their functions.
Public preferences for improved urban waste management: a choice experiment
Authors: Tarfasa Solomon , Brouwer Roy 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA discrete choice experiment, aiming to elicit public preferences for improvements in solid waste services, is carefully administered across socioeconomic zones in the city of Hawassa, Ethiopia. Observed and unobserved preference heterogeneity are analyzed using mixed logit choice models. The results show that there exists substantial willingness to pay to increase collection frequency and separate recyclable waste. A new issue is the focus on child labor in the waste management sector. Significant gender effects are found: women are more interested than men in increasing waste collection frequency and value the abolishment of child labor more highly, as do higher income households. As expected, respondents living in wealthier neighborhoods are more likely to pay higher service charges. Education indirectly influences preferences for waste separation. The study provides important insight into the social benefits of public investment decisions to improve the quality of solid waste management services in large cities in Ethiopia.
Development of a tool to measure the number of foods and beverages consumed by children using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) FFQ data
Authors: Tanner Kelly J , Watowicz Rosanna P 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveThere is currently no standard, objective definition of selective eating. This is partially because normative values for the number of different foods eaten by US children have not been established. The present study objectives were to: (i) perform exploratory analysis on the number of different foods, beverages, and total foods and beverages consumed by US children aged 2–18 years over a year’s time, and the types of foods consumed by those in the lowest 2·5th percentile; and (ii) determine whether those values differ according to demographic variables and weight status.DesignSecondary analysis of cross-sectional FFQ data. Differences in number of foods, beverages, and total foods and beverages were analysed using one-way ANOVA.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the years 2003–2006.SubjectsNon-institutionalized US children aged 2–18 years.ResultsThe mean number of different foods and beverages consumed across the sample was 83·2. There were no significant differences by gender, BMI, race or food security categories. There was a difference in beverage consumption by age category, with children aged 12–18 years consuming a significantly higher number of different beverages compared with each of the other two age categories (i.e. 2–5 years and 6–11 years).ConclusionsNormative values for the number of foods and drinks reported as consumed by children over the past 12 months may be a useful measure for researchers. Future research validating this measure is needed before cut-off values can be used to develop a definition of selective eating.
A systematic review of the role of the nociceptin receptor system in stress, cognition, and reward: relevance to schizophrenia
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saad , Boileau Isabelle , Kolla Nathan , Mizrahi Romina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSchizophrenia is a debilitating neuropsychiatric illness that is characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Research over the past two decades suggests that the nociceptin receptor system may be involved in domains affected in schizophrenia, based on evidence aligning it with hallmark features of the disorder. First, aberrant glutamatergic and striatal dopaminergic function are associated with psychotic symptoms, and the nociceptin receptor system has been shown to regulate dopamine and glutamate transmission. Second, stress is a critical risk factor for first break and relapse in schizophrenia, and evidence suggests that the nociceptin receptor system is also directly involved in stress modulation. Third, cognitive deficits are prevalent in schizophrenia, and the nociceptin receptor system has significant impact on learning and working memory. Last, reward processing is disrupted in schizophrenia, and nociceptin signaling has been shown to regulate reward cue salience. These findings provide the foundation for the involvement of the nociceptin receptor system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and outline the need for future research into this system.
Design of ultra-swollen lipidic mesophases for the crystallization of membrane proteins with large extracellular domains
Authors: Zabara Alexandru , Chong Josephine Tse Yin , Martiel Isabelle , Stark Laura , Cromer Brett A. , Speziale Chiara , Drummond Calum John , Mezzenga Raffaele 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn meso crystallization of membrane proteins from lipidic mesophases is central to protein structural biology but limited to membrane proteins with small extracellular domains (ECDs), comparable to the water channels (3–5 nm) of the mesophase. Here we present a strategy expanding the scope of in meso crystallization to membrane proteins with very large ECDs. We combine monoacylglycerols and phospholipids to design thermodynamically stable ultra-swollen bicontinuous cubic phases of double-gyroid (Ia3d), double-diamond (Pn3m), and double-primitive (Im3m) space groups, with water channels five times larger than traditional lipidic mesophases, and showing re-entrant behavior upon increasing hydration, of sequences Ia3d→Pn3m→Ia3d and Pn3m→Im3m→Pn3m, unknown in lipid self-assembly. We use these mesophases to crystallize membrane proteins with ECDs inaccessible to conventional in meso crystallization, demonstrating the methodology on the Gloeobacter ligand-gated ion channel (GLIC) protein, and show substantial modulation of packing, molecular contacts and activation state of the ensued proteins crystals, illuminating a general strategy in protein structural biology.
Cdk9 regulates a promoter-proximal checkpoint to modulate RNA polymerase II elongation rate in fission yeast
Authors: Booth Gregory T. , Parua Pabitra K. , Sansó Miriam , Fisher Robert P. , Lis John T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPost-translational modifications of the transcription elongation complex provide mechanisms to fine-tune gene expression, yet their specific impacts on RNA polymerase II regulation remain difficult to ascertain. Here, in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we examine the role of Cdk9, and related Mcs6/Cdk7 and Lsk1/Cdk12 kinases, on transcription at base-pair resolution with Precision Run-On sequencing (PRO-seq). Within a minute of Cdk9 inhibition, phosphorylation of Pol II-associated factor, Spt5 is undetectable. The effects of Cdk9 inhibition are more severe than inhibition of Cdk7 and Cdk12, resulting in a shift of Pol II toward the transcription start site (TSS). A time course of Cdk9 inhibition reveals that early transcribing Pol II can escape promoter-proximal regions, but with a severely reduced elongation rate of only ~400 bp/min. Our results in fission yeast suggest the existence of a conserved global regulatory checkpoint that requires Cdk9 kinase activity.
BRE/BRCC45 regulates CDC25A stability by recruiting USP7 in response to DNA damage
Authors: Biswas Kajal , Philip Subha , Yadav Aditya , Martin Betty K. , Burkett Sandra , Singh Vaibhav , Babbar Anav , North Susan Lynn , Chang Suhwan , Sharan Shyam K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBRCA2 is essential for maintaining genomic integrity. BRCA2-deficient primary cells are either not viable or exhibit severe proliferation defects. Yet, BRCA2 deficiency contributes to tumorigenesis. It is believed that mutations in genes such as TRP53 allow BRCA2 heterozygous cells to overcome growth arrest when they undergo loss of heterozygosity. Here, we report the use of an insertional mutagenesis screen to identify a role for BRE (Brain and Reproductive organ Expressed, also known as BRCC45), known to be a part of the BRCA1-DNA damage sensing complex, in the survival of BRCA2-deficient mouse ES cells. Cell viability by BRE overexpression is mediated by deregulation of CDC25A phosphatase, a key cell cycle regulator and an oncogene. We show that BRE facilitates deubiquitylation of CDC25A by recruiting ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 7 (USP7) in the presence of DNA damage. Additionally, we uncovered the role of CDC25A in BRCA-mediated tumorigenesis, which can have implications in cancer treatment.
Structural basis for amino acid transport by the CAT family of SLC7 transporters
Authors: Jungnickel Katharina E. J. , Parker Joanne L. , Newstead Simon 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAmino acids play essential roles in cell biology as regulators of metabolic pathways. Arginine in particular is a major signalling molecule inside the cell, being a precursor for both l-ornithine and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and a key regulator of the mTORC1 pathway. In mammals, cellular arginine availability is determined by members of the solute carrier (SLC) 7 family of cationic amino acid transporters. Whereas CAT-1 functions to supply cationic amino acids for cellular metabolism, CAT-2A and -2B are required for macrophage activation and play important roles in regulating inflammation. Here, we present the crystal structure of a close homologue of the mammalian CAT transporters that reveals how these proteins specifically recognise arginine. Our structural and functional data provide a model for cationic amino acid transport in mammalian cells and reveals mechanistic insights into proton-coupled, sodium-independent amino acid transport in the wider APC superfamily.
Threshold-induced correlations in the Random Field Ising Model
Authors: Janićević Sanja , Jovković Dragutin , Laurson Lasse , Spasojević Djordje 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe present a numerical study of the correlations in the occurrence times of consecutive crackling noise events in the nonequilibrium zero-temperature Random Field Ising model in three dimensions. The critical behavior of the system is portrayed by the intermittent bursts of activity known as avalanches with scale-invariant properties which are power-law distributed. Our findings, based on the scaling analysis and collapse of data collected in extensive simulations show that the observed correlations emerge upon applying a finite threshold to the pertaining signals when defining events of interest. Such events are called subavalanches and are obtained by separation of original avalanches in the thresholding process. The correlations are evidenced by power law distributed waiting times and are present in the system even when the original avalanche triggerings are described by a random uncorrelated process.
Layer-specific lipid signatures in the human subventricular zone demonstrated by imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: Hunter Mandana , Demarais Nicholas J. , Faull Richard L. M. , Grey Angus C. , Curtis Maurice A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe subventricular zone is a key site of adult neurogenesis and is also implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers. In the subventricular zone, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation of nascent stem cells and neuroblasts are regulated at least in part by lipids. The human subventricular zone is distinctly layered and each layer contains discrete cell types that support the processes of neuroblast migration and neurogenesis. We set out to determine the lipid signatures of each subventricular layer in the adult human brain (n = 4). We utilised matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterise the lipidome of the subventricular zone, with histology and microscopy used for identifying anatomical landmarks. Our findings showed that the subventricular zone was rich in sphingomyelins and phosphatidylserines but deficient in phosphatidylethanolamines. The ependymal layer had an abundance of phosphatidylinositols, whereas the myelin layer was rich in sulfatides and triglycerides. The hypocellular layer showed enrichment of sphingomyelins. No discrete lipid signature was seen in the astrocytic ribbon. The biochemical functions of these lipid classes are consistent with the localisation we observed within the SVZ. Our study may, therefore, shed new light on the role of lipids in the regulation of adult neurogenesis.
Characteristics of multiple Fano resonances in waveguide-coupled surface plasmon resonance sensors based on waveguide theory
Authors: Yang Liu , Wang Jicheng , Yang Li-zhi , Hu Zheng-Da , Wu Xiaojun , Zheng Gaige 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe observe and analyze multiple Fano resonances and the plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) arising from waveguidecoupled surface plasmon resonance in a metal-dielectric Kretschmann configuration. It is shown that the simulation results for designed structures agree well with those of the dispersion relation of waveguide theory. We demonstrate that the coupling between the surface plasmon polariton mode and multi-order planar waveguide modes leads to multiple Fano resonances and PIT. The obtained results show that the number of Fano resonances and the linewidth of resonances depend on two structural parameters, the Parylene C and SiO2 layers, respectively. For the sensing action of Fano resonance, the figure of merit for the sensitivity by intensity is estimated to be 44 times higher than that of conventional surface plasmon resonance sensors. Our research reveals the potential advantage of sensors with high sensitivity based on coupling between the SPP mode and multi-order PWG modes.
Potential for re-emergence of wheat stem rust in the United Kingdom
Authors: Lewis Clare M. , Persoons Antoine , Bebber Daniel P. , Kigathi Rose N. , Maintz Jens , Findlay Kim , Bueno-Sancho Vanessa , Corredor-Moreno Pilar , Harrington Sophie A. , Kangara Ngonidzashe , Berlin Anna , García Richard , Germán Silvia E. , Hanzalová Alena , Hodson David P. , Hovmøller Mogens S. , Huerta-Espino Julio , Imtiaz Muhammed , Mirza Javed Iqbal , Justesen Annemarie F. , Niks Rients E. , Omrani Ali , Patpour Mehran , Pretorius Zacharias A. , Roohparvar Ramin , Sela Hanan , Singh Ravi P. , Steffenson Brian , Visser Botma , Fenwick Paul M. , Thomas Jane , Wulff Brande B. H. , Saunders Diane G. O. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWheat stem rust, a devastating disease of wheat and barley caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, was largely eradicated in Western Europe during the mid-to-late twentieth century. However, isolated outbreaks have occurred in recent years. Here we investigate whether a lack of resistance in modern European varieties, increased presence of its alternate host barberry and changes in climatic conditions could be facilitating its resurgence. We report the first wheat stem rust occurrence in the United Kingdom in nearly 60 years, with only 20% of UK wheat varieties resistant to this strain. Climate changes over the past 25 years also suggest increasingly conducive conditions for infection. Furthermore, we document the first occurrence in decades of P. graminis on barberry in the UK . Our data illustrate that wheat stem rust does occur in the UK and, when climatic conditions are conducive, could severely harm wheat and barley production.
Eliciting the Language Sample for Developmental Sentence Scoring: A Comparison of Play With Toys and Elicited Picture Description
Authors: Eisenberg Sarita L. , Guo Ling-Yu , Mucchetti Emily 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This study investigated whether language samples elicited during play and description of pictured events would yield the same results for developmental sentence scoring (DSS).

Method
Two language samples were elicited from 58 three-year-olds. One sample was elicited during play with a parent, and the other sample was elicited by an examiner asking children to talk about pictured events in response to elicitation questions.

Results

DSS scores were not significantly different between the play and event description samples. However, sentence points were significantly higher for the play sample than for the event description sample. Although there was a correlation between sample types for both DSS and sentence points, the correlation for DSS (
r
= .52) was below an acceptable level, and the correlation for sentence points (
r
= .71) was at a minimally acceptable level. Agreement between sample types for pass–fail decisions on the DSS scores using the 10th percentile cutoff recommended by Lee (1974) was only moderate (78%).

Conclusion
The current study shows that type of language samples could affect DSS and sentence point scores of 3-year-olds and, hence, the passing and failing decisions for their performance on DSS.
Mechanisms of Vowel Variation in African American English
Authors: Holt Yolanda Feimster 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This research explored mechanisms of vowel variation in African American English by comparing 2 geographically distant groups of African American and White American English speakers for participation in the African American Shift and the Southern Vowel Shift.

Method

Thirty-two male (African American:
n
= 16, White American controls:
n
= 16) lifelong residents of cities in eastern and western North Carolina produced
heed,
hid,
heyd,
head,
had,
hod,
hawed,
whod,
hood,
hoed,
hide,
howed,
hoyd,
and
heard
3 times each in random order. Formant frequency, duration, and acoustic analyses were completed for the vowels /i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ, ɑ, ɔ, u, ʊ, o, aɪ, aʊ, oɪ, ɝ/ produced in the listed words.

Results

African American English speakers show vowel variation. In the west, the African American English speakers are participating in the Southern Vowel Shift and
hod
fronting of the African American Shift. In the east, neither the African American English speakers nor their White peers are participating in the Southern Vowel Shift. The African American English speakers show limited participation in the African American Shift.

Conclusion
The results provide evidence of regional and socio-ethnic variation in African American English in North Carolina.
High‐gain broadside dipole planar AMC antenna for 60 GHz applications
Authors: Su Rong , Gao Peng , Wang Rongda , Wang Peng 
Published: February 2018

A novel 60 GHz high‐gain planar artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) antenna is proposed. The prototype of the antenna is a dipole structure with a broadband input impedance match. Parasitic patches and a novel AMC plane are successively used to enhance its broadside gain. The antenna has a compact size of 7.5 mm × 8 mm, including the modified AMC plane. Simulated and measured results both show the antenna has good properties of return losses better than 10 dB, stable peak gains up to 10.9 dBi and favourable radiation patterns from 57 to 64 GHz, which all denote that it is fit for 60 GHz wireless portable communication systems.
Acyl Azides: Versatile Compounds in the Synthesis of Various Heterocycles­
Authors: Balci Metin 
Published: February 2018

Carbon–nitrogen bond formation is one of the most important reactions in organic chemistry. Various synthetic strategies for the generation of C–N bonds are described in the literature. For example, primary amines can be easily synthesized by the thermal decomposition of an acyl azide to an isocyanate, i.e. the Curtis rearrangement, followed by hydrolysis; the Curtius rearrangement has been used extensively. Furthermore, the advantage of the Curtius rearrangement is the isolation of acyl azides as well as the corresponding isocyanates. The isocyanates can be converted into various nitrogen-containing compounds upon reaction with various nucleophiles that can be used as important synthons for cyclization, in other words, for the synthesis of heterocycles. Therefore, this review demonstrates the importance of acyl azides not only in the synthesis acyclic systems, but also in the synthesis of various nitrogen-containing heterocycles.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of Acyl Azides2.1	Acyl Azides from Carboxylic Acid Derivatives2.2	Acyl Azides by Direct Transformation of Carboxylic Acids2.3	Acyl Azides from Aldehydes2.4	Carbamoyl Azides from Haloarenes, Sodium Azide, and N-Formylsaccharin3	Mechanism of Formation of Isocyanates4	Synthesis of Diacyl Azides5	Synthetic Applications5.1	Synthesis of Pyrimidinone Derivatives5.2	Dihydropyrimidinone and Isoquinolinone Derivatives5.3	Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Skeleton5.4	Synthesis of Five-Membered Heterocycles5.5	Heterocycles Synthesized Starting from Homophthalic acid5.6	Heterocycles Synthesized from 2-(Ethoxycarbonyl)nicotinic Acid5.7	Formation of Aza-spiro Compounds5.8	Parham-Type Cyclization5.9	Diazepinone Derivatives5.10	Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives5.11	Synthesis of Indole Derivatives6	Miscellaneous7	Conclusion