bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivery of Methane Measurement Systems for Production Assets Aligned with OGMP 2.0 Levels 4 and 5
Authors: Lowe Jon , Evans Peter , Newman David 
Published: September 2024

Abstractbp stated in 2020 that methane measurement systems would be deployed across all of its major operated oil and gas processing site by the end of 2023. This initiative was to enable bp to better understand the nature of methane emissions across its oil and gas production chain.Using a combination of conventional and currently deployed technology on our flares for volumetric flow measurement, flare gas analytical technology that states the heating value and composition of the flare gas, and a cloud based parametric model that calculates combustion efficiency (CE) and destruction release efficiency (DRE).These results were then compared with simulated results using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) modelling that derived estimates of volumetric flowrates at the installed flare meter position along with the estimates of the CE and DRE at the flare tip to determine real time emissions. These results and estimates challenged the traditionally accepted 98% emissions factor-based estimates of methane emissions and highlights the importance and value of measurement as the basis for targeted methane reductions.A similar approach was used on large vents in that conventional and deployed technology of either volumetric or mass-based flow measurement was utilized with a gas chromatograph to derive the methane emissions.For our gas fired stationary combustion equipment, conventional technology not used extensively in bp, Predictive Emissions Monitoring (PEMS), were deployed to determine the methane emissions from our gas fired equipment.Whole-asset verification was achieved using drone-mounted spectrometers. The data is compared with the measurement results to determine the uncertainty of the asset's emissions and designed to fulfil the expectations of emergent regulations and reporting requirements to the Oil and Gas Methane Partnership (OGMP 2.0).However, the results also show how flare performance can be negatively impacted by environmental effects and changes in flare volumes and composition. As such, both detailed understanding of flare operation and continuous tracking are integral to flare management.Emissions from gas fired equipment indicate that emission profiles are far more complex than factors based on fuel use imply.Trends in methane emissions are more complex than general emission factors imply.
Accounting and Monitoring of Methane Emissions at an Oil and Gas Condensate Field: Challenges and Lessons Learned
Authors: Jallais N. , Mukangaliyev R. , Kuzembayeva N. , Nurmanova A. 
Published: September 2024

Currently, the Republic of Kazakhstan has established a dedicated working group to develop a comprehensive roadmap for implementing the Strategy for achieving carbon neutrality by 2060, as approved by the Presidential Decree № 121 on February 2, 2023. This working group comprises of experts from various sectors, including government officials, environmental scientists, industry representatives, and international consultants. Their collective efforts are focused on creating actionable plans and policies that will ensure the effective implementation of the Strategy.
The primary objective of this Strategy is to ensure the sustainable development of Kazakhstan's economy in response to climate change. This ambitious objective requires a multifaceted approach, addressing emissions across all sectors of the economy, accounting methodology, integrating advanced technologies and practices to reduce carbon footprint.
The medium-term goal of the Strategy, in line with Kazakhstan's Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory, is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 15% by 2030 relative to the 1990 levels (unconditional target) and to achieve a 25% reduction with international support for the decarbonization of the economy (conditional target). To meet these targets, Kazakhstan has updated its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and enacted a new Environmental Code. This updated NDC reflects the country's commitment to international climate agreements and sets a clear path towards achieving its emissions reduction goals.
Interaction Between Skill and Risk Spaces in Operational Risk
Authors: Hudson T. G. L. , Hudson P. A. R. , Hudson P. T. W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOBJECTIVES/SCOPEThe paper discusses the interaction between the competence and experience requirements of functions and the risk spaces that the functions exist in. It goes on to examine this in the managerial and executive levels as well.METHODS PROCEDURES, PROCESSThe Skill Paper (SPE-199446) discusses the interaction between the competence and experience and how that delivers the skill to perform tasks successfully. The Risk Space paper (SPE-199401) defines and explores a method for understanding the multidimensionality of the risks to which operations are exposed. This paper combines the multidimensionality with the skill dimensions to develop understanding about how the interactions can be understood and managed.RESULTS, OBSERVATIONS, CONCLUSIONSThe paper shows how different variables and dimensions create different requirements for tasks and positions. These requirements are typically not understood and documented in the formal task requirements for positions. This lack of understanding enables failures in the management of risk to propagate through the safety system as the requirements are implicit rather than explicit. These implicit requirements are usually overlooked and dismissed during review and restructuring processes.The same process is used at the managerial and executive levels to highlight the different functional requirements for the management of organisational risk. The lack of explicit understanding of these requirements is then placed in the context of a number of larger organisational failures such as MC-252.The paper proposes a number of methods for developing better understanding of which dimensions are under skilled management.Please explain how this paper will present novel (new) or additive information to the existing body of literature that can be of benefit to a practicing engineer.The paper presents understanding methods and approaches to enable organisations to better resource the key risk decision-making positions. In addition, the approach helps create understanding of organisational weaknesses that can be managed or strengthened. This enables oversight and resourcing to be structured in an efficient manner.One of the trickier issues that organisations need to understand is that as they develop their systems, they also have to develop the skills and competencies or their managerial and supervisory staff. As the organisation moves from a reactive state to a proactive state and even a generative state, the key tasks and jobs that staff perform changes greatly. This paper looks to describe the different roles and skills that are required in a general sense, depending on the cultural level that they are at, and the risk spaces that they are managing. This development in job requirements is driven by the changes in structure as set out in SPE-220464 and also the variances in risk spaces and risk space that they are managing.
Decision Making in Organizations: New Research and Improvement Strategies
Authors: Meier T. , Bell K. , Krause T. R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
It is well-known among thought leaders in the safety community that decision making is an essential element in the complex of factors that go into making a safe workplace. Less-well known, are two critically important things that were discovered through our research: (1) The most critical role in decision making is the one played by leadership—it is leadership, not the front-line workers, who make the most important safety decisions; and (2) Leadership decision making is pivotal to the understanding and prevention of serious incidents and fatalities (SIFs).
In this presentation, we will examine the evidence supporting these statements, as well as the implications that follow for policy, strategy, and the role of senior leaders in SIF prevention.
Over the past 20 years, there has been extensive research in psychology—more specifically in brain science—that has deepened our understanding of decision making. An entirely new field has developed, which examines the cognitive processes involved and identifies natural failures in the process that undermine sound decision making. Based on this body of research, Krause Bell Group's founding partners, Tom Krause and Kristen Bell, began to study its implications on safety performance improvement. Questions began to arise about how this science could be applied, particularly to the prevention of SIFs: How important is decision making? Who makes safety-related decisions? Which decisions are most important? Could safety be improved through development of decision-making skills and knowledge?
Microbiota analysis of perimenopausal women experiencing recurrent vaginitis in conjunction with urinary tract infection
Authors: Bi Yingying , Wang Yuezhu , Li Wu , Chen Yuhang , Qin Jinlong , Zheng Huajun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Recurrent vaginitis in conjunction with urinary tract infection (RV/UTI) in perimenopausal women is a common clinical condition that plagues doctors and patients. Its pathogenesis is not completely known, but the urogenital microbiota is thought to be involved. We compared the urogenital and gut microbiota of perimenopausal women experiencing RV/UTI with those of age-matched controls in an attempt to provide a new microbiological perspective and scheme for solving clinical problems.
Results
Fifty women of perimenopausal age who were diagnosed with RV/UTI and 50 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. The urogenital and intestinal microbiota were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing by collecting samples from the mouth, anus, urine, cervix, and upper and lower vaginal ends.In the microbiota of healthy perimenopausal women, the mouth site showed the highest richness, while the anus and mouth had the highest diversity. Compared with those in healthy controls, in the microbiota of patients with RV/UTI, the evenness of the upper vaginal ends, anus and cervix significantly increased, while the richness and diversity of the cervix significantly decreased. Lactobacillus accounted for 40.65% of the bacteria in the upper vaginal ends and 39.85% of the bacteria in the lower vaginal ends of healthy women of perimenopausal age, and there were no significant differences in Lactobacillus abundance among the patients with RV/UTI. The relative abundance of 54 genera and 97 species showed significant difference between patients and healthy samples, particularly in the cervix and urine. A total of 147 predicted pathways showed significant differences between patients and healthy controls, with the microbiota of the anus exhibited the greatest number of functional changes, followed by that of the urine microbiota. A random forest model composed of eight genera in the upper vaginal ends showed the highest discriminatory power (AUC 99.38%) to predict RV/UTI.
Conclusions
Our study provides insight into the nature of the urogenital and intestinal microbiota in perimenopausal women, and revealed significant changes of microbiota in the patients with RV/UTI. This will help characterize the relationship between the urogenital microbiota and RV/UTI, potentially aiding in diagnostic and therapeutic strategy development.
Efficacy of Gemcitabine Plus Nab-paclitaxel in Second-line Treatment of Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: a Multicenter Retrospective Study in Turkey
Authors: Sezgin Yasin , Karhan Ogur , Aldemir Mehmet Naci , Urun Muslih , Ercek Berrak Mermit , Urakci Zuhat , Arvas Hayati , Tunc Sezai , Erdem Mehmet , Yerlikaya Halis , Ileri Serdar , Aydin Ibrahim , Bicer Abdurrahman , Komuroglu Ahmet Ufuk , Majidova Nargiz , Gokcek Savas , Demir Hacer , Yildiz Sedat , Akbas Sinem , Ozen Esra , Kahya Burcu Ulas , Sali Mursel , Anik Hicran , Aykut Talat , Araz Murat , Akan Ali , Ozcelik Melike , Sakin Abdullah , Aykan Musa Baris , Mehtiyev Mirmehdi , Demir Bilgin , Baser Mehmet Nuri , Sonmez Muge , Gulturk Ilkay , Avci Nilufer , Urvay Semiha , Arici Mustafa Ozgur , Kalender Mehmet Emin , Yildirim Mustafa , Solmaz Ali Alper , Gurbuz Mustafa , Guven Yakup 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Despite numerous studies on second-line therapies in metastatic pancreatic cancer, there is no randomized study evaluating the efficacy of gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel as a second-line treatment. This study aims to examine the efficacy of gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in second-line therapy. In this retrospective study, a total of 218 patients from 23 centers were included and the median age of 60.2 years. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), treatment efficacy based on ECOG performance status (PS), and tumor marker (CEA, CA 19 − 9) levels. In the second-line treatment with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel, the median PFS was 5.1 months (95% CI, 5.6 to 7.1), and the median OS was 8.6 months (95% CI, 7.3 to 10.0). Median PFS was 6.6 months in patients with normal CEA levels compared to 4.4 months in patients with high CEA levels (P = 0.01). Median PFS was 6 months in patients with ECOG PS 0–1 compared to 3.8 months in patients with PS 2 (P < 0.01). This study demonstrates the contribution of gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in both OS and PFS in second-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer. We believe it is a good option, especially for younger patients with good ECOG PS.
Forb diversity globally is harmed by nutrient enrichment but can be rescued by large mammalian herbivory
Authors: Nelson Rebecca , Sullivan Lauren , Hersch-Green Erika , Seabloom Eric , Borer Elizabeth , Tognetti Pedro , Adler Peter , Biederman Lori , Bugalho Miguel , Caldeira Maria , Cancela Juan , Carvalheiro Luísa G. , Catford Jane , Dickman Chris , Dolezal Aleksandra , Donohue Ian , Ebeling Anne , Eisenhauer Nico , Elgersma Kenneth , Eskelinen Anu , Estrada Catalina , Garbowski Magda , Graff Pamela , Gruner Daniel , Hagenah Nicole , Haider Sylvia , Harpole William , Hautier Yann , Jentsch Anke , Johanson Nicolina , Koerner Sally , Lannes Luciola , MacDougall Andrew , Martinson Holly , Morgan John , Venterink Harry Olde , Orr Devyn , Osborne Brooke , Peri Pablo , Power Sally , Raynaud Xavier , Risch Anita , Shrestha Mani , Smith Nicholas , Stevens Carly , Veen G.F. , Virtanen Risto , Wardle Glenda , Wolf Amelia , Young Alyssa , Harrison Susan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Forbs (“wildflowers”) are important contributors to grassland biodiversity and services, but they are vulnerable to environmental changes that affect their coexistence with grasses. In a factorial experiment at 94 sites on 6 continents, we tested the global generality of several broad predictions arising from previous studies: (1) Forb cover and richness decline under nutrient enrichment, particularly nitrogen enrichment, which benefits grasses at the expense of forbs. (2) Forb cover and richness increase under herbivory by large mammals, especially when nutrients are enriched. (3) Forb richness and cover are less affected by nutrient enrichment and herbivory in more arid climates, because water limitation reduces the impacts of competition with grasses. We found strong evidence for the first, partial support for the second, and no support for the third prediction. Forb richness and cover are reduced by nutrient addition, with nitrogen having the greatest effect; forb cover is enhanced by large mammal herbivory, although only under conditions of nutrient enrichment and high herbivore intensity; and forb richness is lower in more arid sites, but is not affected by consistent climate-nutrient or climate-herbivory interactions. We also found that nitrogen enrichment disproportionately affects forbs in certain families (Asteraceae, Fabaceae). Our results underscore that anthropogenic nitrogen addition is a major threat to grassland forbs and the ecosystem services they support, but grazing under high herbivore intensity can offset these nutrient effects.
Transgenerational toxicity of Aroclor 1232 by inhalational route in mouse model
Authors: Muthusamy Sivaselvakumar , Narayanan Ramanujam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Aroclor 1232 is a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls with occupational toxicological implications as it contains semi-volatile congeners like PCB 77, along with highly lipophillic ones like PCB 180. We aimed to assess the trans-generational behavioral toxicities of this complex mixture in mice by inhalational dosing chamber. We also aimed to evaluate the penetrability of PCBs across placental and lactational routes in mice in this study.
Methods
We assessed the probable route of penetration in the first generation of litters using behavioral scores as surrogate markers of developmental toxicity. We also quantified plasma concentrations of key PCBs and anthropometric parameters for trans-generational comparability.
Results
PCBs are responsible for behavioral toxicities across one generation of mice by occupational exposures via the inhalational route. Behavioral scores of F1 and F2generation mice indicated as surrogate endpoints that PCBs are concentrated in lactating milk more than placental route in the next generation of mice. No significant lethality or effects on anthropometrical parameters were detected across one generation although the congeners were detected in plasma of the litters when they were 12–14 weeks age.
Conclusion
PCBs may pose both indoor and outdoor occupational hazard by inhalational routes and cause behavioral deficits across one generation by transfer via lactational routes. PCB 77 is more evident of penetrating trans-generationally and produces behavioral toxicities in subsequent generations. They definitely carry inhalational hazard in workplaces and outdoor as environmental pollutants and neuroendocrine disruptors.
Addressing the Need for Non-Invasive Lung Assessment with Time-Resolved Diffuse Optics
Authors: Maffeis Giulia , Serra Nicola , Bossi Alessandro , Avanzi Elisabetta , Mora Alberto Dalla , Sieno Laura Di , Cubeddu Rinaldo , Pifferi Antonio , Taroni Paola 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Monitoring lungs functions is key for detecting several morbidities and pathologies. Photons in the 600-1300 nm range might have the potentiality to reach lungs and provide compositional and functional information. Yet, few optical techniques have been challenged non-invasively so far.
In this paper, we investigate the conditions to probe lungs using Time Domain Diffuse Optical spectroscopy (TD-DO). Counterintuitively, we discovered from Monte Carlo simulations that a higher absorption coefficient in the chest wall as compared to lungs increases sensitivity to deeper structures. In vivo measurements on the thorax of healthy volunteers during a protocol of forced breathing, complemented with information on lung composition and in vivo spectra of swine lung, suggest that such condition is met above 1100 nm.
Multiple experimental setups were exploited to cover the 600-1300 nm spectral range and test different source-detector distances (3-7 cm). All measurements exhibit oscillations consistent with the breathing rhythm, suggesting detection of lung expansion and compression. However, diverse responses from subjects and also a complex dependence of the detected signal on the photon time-of-flight seem to allure to a non-trivial role of photon propagation through lungs, related – for instance – to the presence of alveoli.
The unceasing development of time-resolved single-photon detectors with increasing performances above 1000 nm – e.g. InGaAs Solid State Photomultipliers or large-area Ge diodes – with a better understanding of lung optics – e.g. anomalous diffusion models – might unravel the information from late, deep-travelling photons and lead to a novel photonic tool to probe the lungs non-invasively.
Understanding Faculty Perspectives on Health Equity Curriculum Implementation in Graduate Medical Education: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Foster Krys , Shah Dhruvi , Plunkett Quinn , Sifri Randa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite increased awareness of persistent healthcare disparities, integrating health equity education into medical residency curricula needs urgent expansion. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) mandates addressing healthcare disparities and social determinants of health, but implementation remains insufficient due to pervasive barriers.
Objective
To explore residency faculty perspectives at one institution surrounding implementing a health equity curriculum within their programs.
Methods
Between November 2022 and April 2023, qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted with residency faculty participants (n = 13) from a large academic medical institution. Participants were recruited via an internal email list directory of program directors. Semi-structured sessions explored faculty perspectives on health equity curriculum implementation. Data analysis utilized template analysis and thematic coding.
Results
Faculty perceived barriers included limited time for teaching health equity, challenges in prioritizing health equity content within the curriculum, lack of formal training and expertise, discomfort in leading discussions, and institutional barriers such as resource allocation and lack of buy-in.
Conclusions
Findings underscored the need for institutionally supported faculty development and protected learning time for health equity education. Despite participant recruitment and representation limitations, the study provides valuable insights for addressing curricular challenges. This study highlights critical areas for improving health equity curriculum implementation in graduate medical education. Addressing these faculty barriers can enhance resident competency in identifying and addressing healthcare disparities.
Trial Registration:
The study received ethics approval from the Thomas Jefferson Institutional Review Board (IRB #22E.762).