bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic pain in blunt chest wall trauma: A pilot study
Authors: Battle Ceri E , Young Katie , Evans Phillip A 
Published: March 2016

Introduction Blunt chest wall trauma is commonly recognised as a significant source of acute pain following injury but the longer term outcomes in this patient cohort are less well described. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the incidence of chronic pain in patients with isolated blunt chest wall trauma, with or without rib fractures. Methods A short survey was completed over the phone, or as a postal survey. The emergency department medical records and hospital database were used to obtain the demographic data, including patient age, pre-existing conditions, trauma sustained, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, mechanical ventilation days and mortality. Patients’ demographics were analysed using descriptive statistics and Mann–Whitney U and Fisher’s exact tests for comparison of variables. Results A total of 100 patients were admitted to hospital with isolated blunt chest wall trauma in 2014, with 67 patients eligible for inclusion in the study; 40 patients responded to the survey (60% response rate). Chronic pain was reported in 14 (35%) patients with a median pain severity score of 6 out of 10 (IQR: 3–7). The only significant predictor of chronic pain was if the patient’s mechanism of injury was an assault. Discussion The results of this pilot study have demonstrated that a high percentage of isolated blunt chest wall trauma patients suffer chronic pain at six months or more post-injury. Assault was the only predictor of chronic pain. Further prospective studies are required to evaluate the long-term outcomes following blunt chest wall trauma.
Positive processes of change among male and female clients treated for alcohol and/or drug problems
Authors: von Greiff Ninive , Skogens Lisa 
Published: March 2016

Summary In social work practice, the role of substance use is often encountered in the context of other social problems such as child abuse and domestic violence. This article compares descriptions of important factors for initiating and maintaining positive changes among male and female clients treated for alcohol and/or drug problems. The results have a bearing both on substance use treatment and on other areas in social work practice where these problems are encountered. Studies highlighting gender perspective indicate differences regarding experience of alcohol and drug problems and treatment. An advantage of the study is the qualitative analysis of a rather comprehensive material ( n = 90) enabling more general conclusions than in previous research with a limited number of clients. Findings Women more often than men stress poor mental health and their children as important for initiating change. When referring to partners, women report abusive rather than supportive partners while the opposite applies to men. For maintaining change, male clients more often stress changes in ways of thinking and feeling as important. Men also report becoming more sensitive while women get more active. This can be understood as transcending of gender with possibilities of a broader repertoire of how to act. Applications A challenge for practical treatment work is to create possibilities for clients to broaden their repertoire of ways of living and thinking about themselves, expressed by women as the importance of taking space and speaking up and by the men of showing emotion and listening more.
Treatment of symptomatic non-unions of the base of the ulnar styloid with plate osteosynthesis
Authors: Nunez F. A. , Luo T. D. , Nunez F. A. 
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this prospective case series was to assess the efficacy of plate osteosynthesis using a low profile distal ulna plate for the management of persistently symptomatic non-unions of the base of the ulnar styloid. Six consecutive patients underwent resection of the non-union and plate osteosynthesis with a 2.0 mm distal ulna hook plate. Post-operative measurements of mean pain scores, QuickDASH scores, grip strength, and range of motion parameters showed significant improvements compared with the pre-operative values. No complications were reported at a mean follow-up of 25 months. The present study presents an alternative method for treating symptomatic ulnar styloid non-unions that provides stable fixation with low risk of implant removal. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic IV
Low-dose polymyxin: an option for therapy of Gram-negative sepsis
Authors: Harm Stephan , Gabor Franz , Hartmann Jens 
Published: March 2016

Endotoxins are the major components of the outer membrane of most Gram-negative bacteria and are one of the main targets in inflammatory diseases. The presence of endotoxins in blood can provoke septic shock in case of pronounced immune response. Here we show in vitro inactivation of endotoxins by polymyxin B (PMB). The inflammatory activity of the LPS–PMB complex in blood was examined in vitro in freshly drawn blood samples. Plasma protein binding of PMB was determined by ultracentrifugation using membranes with different molecular cut-offs, and PMB clearance during dialysis was calculated after in vitro experiments using the AV1000S filter. The formed LPS–PMB complex has lower inflammatory activity in blood, which results in highly reduced cytokine secretion. According to in vitro measurements, the appropriate plasma level of PMB for LPS inactivation is between 100 and 200 ng/ml. Furthermore, the combination of cytokine removal by adsorbent treatment with LPS inactivation by PMB dosage leads to strong suppression of inflammatory effects in blood in an in vitro model. Inactivation of endotoxins by low-dose intravenous PMB infusion or infusion into the extracorporeal circuit during blood purification can be applied to overcome the urgent need for endotoxin elimination not only in treatment of sepsis, but also in liver failure.
Effect of Glucosamine Sulfate on Osteoarthritis in the Cruciate-Deficient Canine Model of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wenz Wolfram , Hornung Christian , Cramer Christopher , Schroeder Malte , Hoffmann Michael 
Published: March 2016

Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of musculoskeletal pain and disability worldwide. The investigation of disease-modifying treatment options for OA has become an important aspect of orthopedic care. To assess the effect of intra-articular and oral glucosamine sulfate (GS) versus placebo on osteoarthritis in a canine model. Materials In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study, OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) according to the Pond-Nuki model in 32 canines. All canines were allocated into 4 treatment subgroups with treatment administered for 8 weeks: GS (400 mg) intra-articular, placebo intra-articular, GS (200 mg/kg body weight) oral, and placebo oral. The contralateral nonoperated stifle (knee) served as control. After 8 weeks, the medial and lateral femoral condyles, the medial and lateral tibial plateau and patella were histologically examined and anatomic changes quantified by light microscopy using the modified Mankin score. Results After 8 weeks, mean Mankin score values significantly ( P < 0.002) decreased in the intra-articular GS group (8.1; range 7.9-8.8) compared with the intra-articular placebo group (13.9; range 11.6-15.9) and again significantly ( P < 0.002) in the oral GS group (12.1; range 9.9-12.7) compared with the oral placebo group (15.1; range 12.5-17.0). Mean Mankin score values were significantly ( P < 0.002) lower in the intra-articular GS group compared with the oral GS group. Conclusion Both, intra-articular and oral administered GS significantly reduced histological signs of OA in the Pond-Nuki model, with the intra-articular application being more effective compared to oral administration.
Does race affect prescribing for acute psychosis? Evaluation by a case vignette
Authors: Connolly Anne , Taylor David 
Published: March 2016

Background: Black people are over represented in mental health services and prescribing of antipsychotics differs by race in some countries. Our previous UK research into the prescribing of antipsychotics in large, multicentre studies found no important differences for black and white patients. However, we received several comments challenging our findings. We wanted to test the validity of these anecdotes by devising two case vignettes that differed only by race and asking prescribers to choose antipsychotic treatment. Method: A case study was sent to all medical prescribers in the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust. Half of the prescribers for each grade of staff were sent the case study where the ethnicity of the patient was white and the other half where the ethnicity was black. Participants were asked to describe what they would prescribe for the patient. Outcomes were total percentage maximum dose, high dose, type of antipsychotic, route of administration and antipsychotic polypharmacy. Results: We received 123 completed case studies and demographic data forms from prescribers. There were no differences in percentage maximum dose, high dose, type, route and number of antipsychotics prescribed by case study ethnicity. Conclusions: Prescribing for UK black and white patients is broadly similar when tested in clinical and theoretical studies.
Interwar Unemployment in the UK and the US: Old and New Evidence
Authors: Srinivasan Naveen , Mitra Pratik 
Published: March 2016

Two contrasting views have dominated the research on unemployment during the interwar years. The conventional Keynesian view attributes the persistence of high unemployment in the UK and the US during the interwar period to sluggish adjustment of nominal wages to demand shocks. In contrast, equilibrium models of unemployment suggest that the natural rate is itself endogenous, determined by technological, institutional as well as demographic factors and is therefore not necessarily constant over time. According to this view, unemployment may remain elevated because some (or all) of the driving forces are persistent. How do we discriminate between these competing explanations? To this end, we estimate a time-varying parameter (TVP) model of the unemployment rate for the UK and the US. The Kalman filter estimates of the natural rate of unemployment suggest that most macroeconomic activity during the interwar period reflects persistent movements in steady state, not from steady state. We conclude that the observed persistence in unemployment appears to be consistent with multiple equilibria models and models with an endogenous natural rate. JEL Classification: E24, J64
Primary Care Physicians' Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Conservative Care for Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease: Design of a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Tam-Tham Helen , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Campbell David , Thomas Chandra , Quinn Robert , Fruetel Karen , King-Shier Kathryn 
Published: March 2016

Background: Guideline committees have identified the need for research to inform the provision of conservative care for older adults with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) who have a high burden of comorbidity or functional impairment. We will use both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to provide a comprehensive understanding of barriers and facilitators to care for these patients in primary care. Objectives: Our objectives are to (1) interview primary care physicians to determine their perspectives of conservative care for older adults with stage 5 CKD and (2) survey primary care physicians to determine the prevalence of key barriers and facilitators to provision of conservative care for older adults with stage 5 CKD. Design: A sequential exploratory mixed methods design was adopted for this study. The first phase of the study will involve fundamental qualitative description and the second phase will be a cross-sectional population-based survey. Setting: The research is conducted in Alberta, Canada. Participants: The participants are primary care physicians with experience in providing care for older adults with stage 5 CKD not planning on initiating dialysis. Methods: The first objective will be achieved by undertaking interviews with primary care physicians from southern Alberta. Participants will be selected purposively to include physicians with a range of characteristics (e.g., age, gender, and location of clinical practice). Interviews will be recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using conventional content analysis to generate themes. The second objective will be achieved by undertaking a population-based survey of primary care physicians in Alberta. The questionnaire will be developed based on the findings from the qualitative interviews and pilot tested for face and content validity. Physicians will be provided multiple options to complete the questionnaire including mail, fax, and online methods. Descriptive statistics and associations between demographic factors and barriers and facilitators to care will be analyzed using regression models. Limitations: A potential limitation of this mixed methods study is its cross-sectional nature. Conclusions: This work will inform development of clinical resources and tools for care of older adults with stage 5 CKD, to address barriers and enable facilitators to community-based conservative care.
Flagellin preconditioning enhances the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in an irradiation-induced proctitis model
Authors: Linard Christine , Strup-Perrot Carine , Lacave-Lapalun Jean-Victor , Benderitter Marc 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The success of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for proctitis depends not only on cell donors but also on host microenvironmental factors, which play a major role in conditioning mesenchymal stem cell immunosuppressive action and repair. This study sought to determine if flagellin, a TLR5 ligand, can enhance the mesenchymal stem cell treatment efficacy in radiation-induced proctitis. With the use of a colorectal model of 27 Gy irradiation in rats, we investigated and compared the effects on immune capacity and remodeling at 28 d after irradiation of the following: 1) systemic mesenchymal stem cell (5 × 106) administration at d 7 after irradiation, 2) administration of flagellin at d 3 and systemic mesenchymal stem cell administration at d 7, and 3) in vitro preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells with flagellin, 24 h before their administration on d 7. The mucosal CD8+ T cell population was normalized after treatment with flagellin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells or flagellin plus mesenchymal stem cells, whereas mesenchymal stem cells alone did not alter the radiation-induced elevation of CD8+ T cell frequency. Mesenchymal stem cell treatment returned the irradiation-elevated frequency of CD25+ cells in the mucosa-to-control levels, whereas both flagellin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cell and flagellin-plus-mesenchymal stem cell treatment each significantly increased not only CD25+ cell frequency but also forkhead box p3 and IL-2Rα expression. Specifically, IL-10 was overexpressed after flagellin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cell treatment. Analysis of collagen expression showed that the collagen type 1/collagen type 3 ratio, an indicator of wound-healing maturation, was low in the irradiated and mesenchymal stem cell-treated groups and returned to the normal level only after the flagellin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cell treatment. This was associated with a reduction in myofibroblast accumulation. In a proctitis model, flagellin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells improved colonic immune capacity and enhanced tissue remodeling.
CCL2 expression is mediated by type I IFN receptor and recruits NK and T cells to the lung during MVA infection
Authors: Lehmann Michael H , Torres-Domínguez Lino E , Price Philip J R , Brandmüller Christine , Kirschning Carsten J , Sutter Gerd 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Migration of leukocytes to the site of microbial infection is important for the development of effective host immunity. Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara is frequently used as a viral vector vaccine in preclinical and clinical studies. In comparison to other vaccinia virus strains, modified vaccinia virus Ankara robustly induces chemokine expression and rapid attraction of leukocytes. In particular, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) has been shown to be critical for leukocyte recruitment to the lung. In this study, MVA-induced CCL2 expression in murine macrophages was dependent on type I interferon receptor and not Toll-like receptor-2. The critical role of type I interferon receptor signaling for CCL2 production in the lung was confirmed in type I interferon receptor–deficient mice (Ifnar1−/−). In addition, comparing Ifnar1−/− and Ccl2−/− mice with wild-type mice, we observed a similar impairment in the recruitment of natural killer and T cells to the lung after intranasal infection with modified vaccinia virus Ankara. Conversely, neutrophil recruitment was not affected in Ifnar1−/− and Ccl2−/− mice. We conclude that type I interferons, besides their known antiviral properties, can initiate the recruitment and activation of leukocytes via induction of chemokine expression including CCL2.
The Three-letter Element Symbols:
Authors: Öhrström Lars , Holden Norman E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhen Lars Öhrström started paying real attention to chemistry, during his high school years in the early 1980s, the three-letter symbols then designating any element with atomic number higher than 103 seemed like a permanent fixture to the periodic table in the chemistry classroom. In the following years, he learned that they were only temporary placeholders for elements that fulfilled the criteria of “being discovered” but where, for unclear reasons, a name had not yet been agreed.
The Chemical Structure Association Trust
Authors: Lawlor Bonnie 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Chemical Structure Association Trust (CSA Trust) is an internationally-recognized, registered charity that promotes and supports the advancement of scientific discovery through the application of computer technologies in the management and analysis of chemical structure information. In support of its Charter, the Trust provides grants specifically to nurture young scientists, ages thirty-five or younger, who have demonstrated excellence in research related to the storage, retrieval, and analysis of chemical structures, reactions, and compounds. Since its inception in 1988, almost one hundred students and researchers worldwide have benefited from travel bursaries and the CSA Trust Grant Program to further their education and research work, but the organization has a rich history that predates the formalization of its charity status. Its roots were planted half a century ago in 1965, when the Chemical Notation Association (CNA) was formed in the United States. It has been an interesting journey from the CNA to the CSA Trust and I have been blessed to have been a part of it almost from the beginning, along with other members of the American Chemical Society’s Division of Chemical Information. In honor of the organization’s 50th Anniversary, I’d like to give a brief overview of its past and its present activities.
Characterization of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptome in pregnant women with and without spontaneous labor at term: implication of alternative splicing in the metabolic adaptations of adipose tissue to parturition
Authors: Mazaki-Tovi Shali , Tarca Adi L. , Vaisbuch Edi , Kusanovic Juan Pedro , Than Nandor Gabor , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn , Dong Zhong , Hassan Sonia S. , Romero Roberto 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to determine gene expression and splicing changes associated with parturition and regions (visceral vs. subcutaneous) of the adipose tissue of pregnant women.Study design:The transcriptome of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue from pregnant women at term with (n=15) and without (n=25) spontaneous labor was profiled with the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST array. Overall gene expression changes and the differential exon usage rate were compared between patient groups (unpaired analyses) and adipose tissue regions (paired analyses). Selected genes were tested by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results:Four hundred and eighty-two genes were differentially expressed between visceral and subcutaneous fat of pregnant women with spontaneous labor at term (q-value <0.1; fold change >1.5). Biological processes enriched in this comparison included tissue and vasculature development as well as inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Differential splicing was found for 42 genes [q-value <0.1; differences in Finding Isoforms using Robust Multichip Analysis scores >2] between adipose tissue regions of women not in labor. Differential exon usage associated with parturition was found for three genes (Conclusion:We show for the first time evidence of implication of mRNA splicing and processing machinery in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of women in labor compared to those without labor.
Representing the Iran Nuclear Issue in the Australian
Authors: Kabir Shah Nister 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study investigates news, editorials and opinion pieces (op-ed) appearing in the Australian in the context of Iran’s nuclear project and finds that the attention of this newspaper is inconsistent with the International Non-Proliferation Treaty. It argues that the Iran nuclear program is represented as a threat and Iran is perceived as untrustworthy. Furthermore, this newspaper does not criticize “the West” and its allies for having and using nuclear weapons. Ultimately, it demonstrates the limitations of media criticism of official policy. This study also draws attention to the fact that the Australian espouses a predominantly Orientalist view.
Crystal structure of 5-(adamantan-1-yl)-3-[(2-trifluoromethylanilino)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione, C20H22F3N3OS
Authors: Al-Wabli Reem I. , El-Emam Nada A. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Haress Nadia G. , El-Emam Ali A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
C20H22F3N3OS, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.1987(5) Å, b = 10.2772(4) Å, c = 14.1730(6) Å, β = 92.655(2)°, V = 1920.44(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0536, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1612, T = 100 K.
An Overview of the Water-Porous Building Materials Interactions
Authors: Charola A. Elena , Wendler Eberhard 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Water is one of the key deterioration factors for porous building materials and has the capability of enhancing the deleterious effect of other factors such as air pollution and biocolonization, among others. The focus of the paper is the interaction of water with the porous inorganic materials: how does water enter the pore system, and how does it leave it? How does the presence of clays or soluble salts in porous materials affect these mechanisms? Pairwise examples are provided to illustrate the varying behavior of water in different materials. Also addressed is the importance of the pore size distribution on the behavior of water and its transport mechanisms. The aim of the paper is to synthesize the key points required to understand why water enters a porous system, in what way it is distributed within it, and the slow manner in which it departs, since time of wetness is fundamental in enhancing the effect of co-factors.