bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete Acid Ceramidase ablation prevents cancer-initiating cell formation in melanoma cells
Authors: Lai Michele , Realini Natalia , La Ferla Marco , Passalacqua Ilaria , Matteoli Giulia , Ganesan Anand , Pistello Mauro , Mazzanti Chiara Maria , Piomelli Daniele 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAcid ceramidase (AC) is a lysosomal cysteine hydrolase that catalyzes the conversion of ceramide into fatty acid and sphingosine. This reaction lowers intracellular ceramide levels and concomitantly generates sphingosine used for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) production. Since increases in ceramide and consequent decreases of S1P reduce proliferation of various cancers, AC might offer a new target for anti-tumor therapy. Here we used CrispR-Cas9-mediated gene editing to delete the gene encoding for AC, ASAH1, in human A375 melanoma cells. ASAH1-null clones show significantly greater accumulation of long-chain saturated ceramides that are substrate for AC. As seen with administration of exogenous ceramide, AC ablation blocks cell cycle progression and accelerates senescence. Importantly, ASAH1-null cells also lose the ability to form cancer-initiating cells and to undergo self-renewal, which is suggestive of a key role for AC in maintaining malignancy and self-renewal of invasive melanoma cells. The results suggest that AC inhibitors might find therapeutic use as adjuvant therapy for advanced melanoma.
Topotecan is a potent inhibitor of SUMOylation in glioblastoma multiforme and alters both cellular replication and metabolic programming
Authors: Bernstock Joshua D. , Ye Daniel , Gessler Florian A. , Lee Yang-ja , Peruzzotti-Jametti Luca , Baumgarten Peter , Johnson Kory R. , Maric Dragan , Yang Wei , Kögel Donat , Pluchino Stefano , Hallenbeck John M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractProtein SUMOylation is a dynamic post-translational modification shown to be involved in a diverse set of physiologic processes throughout the cell. SUMOylation has also been shown to play a role in the pathobiology of myriad cancers, one of which is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). As such, the clinical significance and therapeutic utility offered via the selective control of global SUMOylation is readily apparent. There are, however, relatively few known/effective inhibitors of global SUMO-conjugation. Herein we describe the identification of topotecan as a novel inhibitor of global SUMOylation. We also provide evidence that inhibition of SUMOylation by topotecan is associated with reduced levels of CDK6 and HIF-1α, as well as pronounced changes in cell cycle progression and cellular metabolism, thereby highlighting its putative role as an adjuvant therapy in defined GBM patient populations.
Deformation behavior of Re alloyed Mo thin films on flexible substrates: In situ fragmentation analysis supported by first-principles calculations
Authors: Jörg Tanja , Music Denis , Hauser Filipe , Cordill Megan J. , Franz Robert , Köstenbauer Harald , Winkler Jörg , Schneider Jochen M. , Mitterer Christian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA major obstacle in the utilization of Mo thin films in flexible electronics is their brittle fracture behavior. Within this study, alloying with Re is explored as a potential strategy to improve the resistance to fracture. The sputter-deposited Mo1−xRexfilms (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.31) were characterized in terms of structural and mechanical properties, residual stresses as well as electrical resistivity. Their deformation behavior was assessed by straining 50 nm thin films on polyimide substrates in uniaxial tension, while monitoring crack initiation and propagationin situby optical microscopy and electrical resistance measurements. A significant toughness enhancement occurs with increasing Re content for all body-centered cubic solid solution films (x ≤ 0.23). However, at higher Re concentrations (x > 0.23) the positive effect of Re is inhibited due to the formation of dual-phase films with the additional close packed A15 Mo3Re phase. The mechanisms responsible for the observed toughness behavior are discussed based on experimental observations and electronic structure calculations. Re gives rise to both increased plasticity and bond strengthening in these Mo-Re solid solutions.
Intraspecies and interspecies transmission of mink H9N2 influenza virus
Authors: Yong-feng Zhao , Fei-fei Diao , Jia-yu Yu , Feng-xia Zhang , Chang-qing Jiang , Jian-li Wang , Shou-yu Guo , Kai Cui , Chuan-yi Liu , Xue-hua Wei , Jiang Shi-jin , Zhi-jing Xie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractH9N2 influenza A virus (IAV) causes low pathogenic respiratory disease and infects a wide range of hosts. In this study, six IAVs were isolated from mink and identified as H9N2 IAV. Sequence analysis revealed that the six isolates continued to evolve, and their PB2 genes shared high nucleotide sequence identity with H7N9 IAV. The six isolates contained an amino acid motif PSRSSR↓GL at the hemagglutinin cleavage site, which is a characteristic of low pathogenic influenza viruses. A serosurvey demonstrated that H9N2 IAV had spread widely in mink and was prevalent in foxes and raccoon dogs. Transmission experiments showed that close contact between H9N2-infected mink and naive mink, foxes and raccoon dogs resulted in spread of the virus to the contact animals. Furthermore, H9N2 challenge experiments in foxes and raccoon dogs showed that H9N2 IAV could infect these hosts. Virological and epidemiological surveillance of H9N2 IAV should be strengthened for the fur animal industry.
Hypoxia induced mitogenic factor (HIMF) triggers angiogenesis by increasing interleukin-18 production in myoblasts
Authors: Su Chen-Ming , Wang I-Ching , Liu Shan-Chi , Sun Yi , Jin Lulu , Wang Shih-Wei , Lee Hsiang-Ping , Tseng Wen-Pei , Tang Chih-Hsin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInflammatory myopathy is a rare autoimmune muscle disorder. Treatment typically focuses on skeletal muscle weakness or inflammation within muscle, as well as complications of respiratory failure secondary to respiratory muscle weakness. Impaired respiratory muscle function contributes to increased dyspnea and reduced exercise capacity in pulmonary hypertension (PH), a debilitating condition that has few treatment options. The initiation and progression of PH is associated with inflammation and inflammatory cell recruitment and it is established that hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF, also known as resistin-like molecule α), activates macrophages in PH. However, the relationship between HIMF and inflammatory myoblasts remains unclear. This study investigated the signaling pathway involved in interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression and its relationship with HIMF in cultured myoblasts. We found that HIMF increased IL-18 production in myoblasts and that secreted IL-18 promoted tube formation of the endothelial progenitor cells. We used the mouse xenograft model and the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay to further explore the role of HIMF in inflammatory myoblasts and angiogenesis in vivo. Thus, our study focused on the mechanism by which HIMF mediates IL-18 expression in myoblasts through angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide an insight into HIMF functioning in inflammatory myoblasts.
Executive Functions Impact the Relation Between Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Frequency of Stuttering in Young Children Who Do and Do Not Stutter
Authors: Jones Robin M. , Walden Tedra A. , Conture Edward G. , Erdemir Aysu , Lambert Warren E. , Porges Stephen W. 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThis study sought to determine whether respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and executive functions are associated with stuttered speech disfluencies of young children who do (CWS) and do not stutter (CWNS).MethodThirty-six young CWS and 36 CWNS were exposed to neutral, negative, and positive emotion-inducing video clips, followed by their participation in speaking tasks. During the neutral video, we measured baseline RSA, a physiological index of emotion regulation, and during video viewing and speaking, we measured RSA change from baseline, a physiological index of regulatory responses during challenge. Participants' caregivers completed the Children's Behavior Questionnaire from which a composite score of the inhibitory control and attentional focusing subscales served to index executive functioning.ResultsFor both CWS and CWNS, greater decrease of RSA during both video viewing and speaking was associated with more stuttering. During speaking, CWS with lower executive functioning exhibited a negative association between RSA change and stuttering; conversely, CWNS with higher executive functioning exhibited a negative association between RSA change and stuttering.ConclusionFindings suggest that decreased RSA during video viewing and speaking is associated with increased stuttering and young CWS differ from CWNS in terms of how their executive functions moderate the relation between RSA change and stuttered disfluencies.
Numerical simulation of the performance of air‐breathing direct formic acid microfluidic fuel cells
Authors: Herlambang Yusuf Dewantoro , Shyu Jin‐Cherng , Lee Shun‐Ching 
Published: August 2017

This work numerically investigated the effects of various factors on the performance of air‐breathing direct formic acid microfluidic fuel cells. An MFC with a microchannel width of 1.5 mm, depth of 0.05 mm, and electrode spacing of 0.3 mm was used in the simulation. An MFC which was a 1.5‐mm‐wide, 0.05‐mm‐deep microchannel installed with two 0.3‐mm‐apart electrodes was used in the simulation. The mixture of formic acid at concentrations of 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 M and 0.5‐M sulphuric acid served as fuel, while a 0.5‐M sulphuric acid stream served as the electrolyte introduced at inlet flow rates of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mL/min. First, a three‐dimensional MFC model was built using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.1 to simulate the fuel cell performance. Subsequently, I–V curves obtained from simulations and from published experimental data under similar operating conditions were compared to ensure the validity of the simulation. Transport phenomena were formulated with a continuity equation, momentum equation, species transport equation, and charge equation. Additionally, the flow through porous media in the gas diffusion layer was described using the Brinkman equation, whereas the Butler–Volmer equation was applied to obtain I–V and P–I curves. The current density distribution resulting from internal current loss and reactant concentration on both electrodes was also determined in this work.
Submerged arc discharge for producing nanoscale graphene in deionised water
Authors: Tseng Kuo‐Hsiung , Chou Chih‐Ju , Shih Sheng‐Hao , Tien Der‐Chi , Ku Hsueh‐Chien , Stobinsk Leszek 
Published: August 2017

This work proposed a novel nanomanufacturing approach, in which a submerged arc discharge method was adopted to produce graphene in deionised water. Graphene produced using this approach can be evenly dispersed and suspended in deionised water without the use of a surfactant or stabiliser, and is suitable for storage at room temperature. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy was employed to analyse the optical properties of the graphene nanostructure. The Zetasizer system was used to examine the particle size and zeta potential of the graphene nanoparticles, and scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy were adopted to explore the morphology, size, and dispersion of the particles, using the Raman spectrum, it is observed that there are two characteristic peaks. Without mixing any surfactant or stabiliser in deionised water, the zeta potential of negatively charged graphene nanoparticles was −51.5 mV. The nanoparticles were stably suspended in the deionised water instead of depositing as sediments. The results of this work confirmed that graphene production with submerged arc discharge is a low‐cost, fast, and effective manufacturing method.
Posttraumatic Acute Spinal Subdural Hematoma of the Spine
Authors: Kumar Veldurti , Sandeep Yashwanth , V. Umamaheswara , Samudrala Veda , Agrawal Amit 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAcute spinal subdural hematoma (ASSH) is a rare cause of spinal cord compression and neurologic deficits. The authors report a case of 23-year-old male patient who developed ASSH following spinal injury and discuss the characteristic imaging findings of ASSH. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed hypointense collection on T2W images seen posteriorly extending from inferior endplate of C5 to superior endplate of D3 with preservation of the epidural fat signal. The patient underwent surgical evacuation of the hematoma and made a good recovery in his neurological functions.
A Method to Facilitate “Nonsticking” of Regular Bipolar Forceps
Authors: Huang Hui-Kuang , Wang Jung-Pan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractElectrosurgery using a bipolar cautery is very common, especially in surgical fields with surrounding vital structures. However, the tissue tends to stick to the bipolar forceps due to the heat cautery, which makes the tips stick together. When forceps tips are stuck to the cauterized tissue, surgeons have to spend time separating the tips. Also, when surgeons separate the tips, a cauterized bleeder may rebleed. Some bipolar forceps with nonstick coatings have been developed to reduce the sticking problem. However, for some surgeons or institutes, these nonstick bipolar forceps may be unavailable. The authors describe an easy method to reduce the occurrence of sticking forceps tips if regular bipolar forceps are used.
Stellenwert medikamentenbeschichteter Stents und Ballons zur Behandlung femoro-poplitealer Läsionen
Authors: Ito Wulf 
Published: August 2017

Was ist neu?
Medikamenten-beschichtete Ballons bei femoro-poplitealen Läsionen Medikamenten-beschichtete Ballons (DCB) führen in der Behandlung von femoro-poplitealen Läsionen zu besseren Offenheitsraten als die einfache Ballondilatation und zu ähnlichen bis besseren Offenheitsraten als die Stentimplantation. Vorteil ist die Vermeidung von permanentem Fremdmaterial in Regionen, die einer ständigen mechanischen Beanspruchung unterworfen sind und die Möglichkeit, die Prozedur an derselben Stelle wiederholen zu können bzw. chirurgische Zugangswege offenzuhalten. Bei Auftreten von Dissektionen oder einem Recoil bietet sich die fokale Implantation möglichst kurzer Stents in den betroffenen Segmenten an. Die primäre Implantation Medikamenten-beschichteter Stents zeigt darüber hinaus keinen weiteren Vorteil und ist auf längere Sicht mit den Nachteilen der Implantation von Fremdmaterial in Bewegungssegmenten behaftet.
Nicht medikamentöse und medikamentöse Begleittherapie Die Kombination aus interventioneller Behandlung und supervidiertem Gehtraining zeigt die besten Erfolgsaussichten einer dauerhaften Verbesserung der Gehstrecke bei Patienten mit femoro-poplitealen Läsionen und ist einer alleinigen interventionellen Behandlung oder einem alleinigen Gehtraining überlegen. Darüber hinaus werden aktuell große randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien durchgeführt, die den Einfluss niedrig dosierter direkter Antikoagulanzien auf die kardiovaskuläre Komplikationsrate nach Intervention untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studien werden Aufschluss geben über die optimale antithrombotische Therapie nach Intervention im femoro-poplitealen Stromgebiet.
Diagnose und Therapie der Echinokokkosen
Authors: Stojkovic Marija , Hoffmann Hans , Mehrabi Arianeb , Sauer Peter , Weber Tim , Junghanss Thomas 
Published: August 2017

Was ist neu?
Zystische Echinokokkose (CE) Entscheidende diagnostische und therapeutische Kenntnisse über die CE haben noch immer keinen breiten Eingang in die klinische Praxis gefunden, trotz einer Zunahme der Einwanderung von CE-Patienten aus Hochprävalenzgebieten. Die Zystenstadien-spezifische Therapie der CE konsolidiert sich, wiewohl weiter auf niedrigem Evidenzniveau basierend, da die erforderlichen klinischen Studien nach wie vor fehlen.
Alveoläre Echinokokkose (AE) Auch eine Zunahme der AE-Verbreitung in Deutschland wird beobachtet.
Klinische Zentren für Echinokokkose Klinische Expertenzentren haben sich in Deutschland gut etabliert, bei denen Rat eingeholt und Patienten vorgestellt werden können.
Diagnostik und Therapie der Struma nodosa im Jahr 2017
Authors: Allelein Stephanie , Feldkamp Joachim , Schott Matthias 
Published: August 2017

Was ist neu?
Screening Bei älteren Menschen wird von einem generellen Screening auf Schilddrüsenknoten abgeraten.
Bildgebende Verfahren Mittels Schilddrüsensonografie kann der Knoten in Kategorien mit verschiedenem Malignitätsrisiko eingeteilt werden.
Feinnadelpunktion Als sensitivste Untersuchung zur präoperativen Erkennung malignitätsverdächtiger Knoten gilt die Feinnadelpunktion.
Molekulargenetik Im Bereich der Molekulargenetik wurden in den letzten Jahren für die Diagnostik erhebliche Fortschritte erzielt; in der Routine findet dies jedoch noch keinen Einsatz.
Calcitonin-Bestimmung Der aussagekräftigste basale Grenzwert zur präoperativen Diskriminierung eines medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinoms ist bei Frauen ca. 30 pg/ml und bei Männern ca. 60 pg/ml.
Therapie Neue thermoablative Therapieverfahren bei benignen Knoten werden zunehmend durchgeführt, müssen aber weiter evaluiert werden.
Tachykarde Herzrhythmusstörungen in der Notaufnahme – Aktuelle Entwicklungen
Authors: Pätz Toni , Wolfrum Sebastian 
Published: August 2017

Was ist neu?
Diagnostik tachykarder Herzrhythmusstörungen Weiterhin bleibt das 12-Kanal-EKG die Diagnostik der ersten Wahl. Ergebnisse von verschiedenen Algorithmen zur Differenzierung des Urprungs von regelmäßigen Breitkomplextachykardien ließen sich in unabhängigen Studien nicht reproduzieren. Beim Vorhofflimmern wurde eine Anpassung der EHRA-Klassifikation vollzogen.
Therapie tachykarder Herzrhythmusstörungen Die primäre hämodynamische Stabilisierung kann unter Anwendung des „Konzepts der 5 A“ und dem „erweiterten B-, C- und D-Konzept“ erfolgen. Bei regelmäßigen Schmalkomplextachykardien sollte das modifizierte Valsalva-Manöver in Erwägung gezogen werden. Die weitere Therapie, besonders die orale Antikoagulation beim Vorhofflimmern mit komorbider koronarer Herzerkrankung, ist im stetigen Wandel.
10.22.3 Product Subclass 3: 1,3-Dihydroazaindol-2-ones
Authors: Mérour J.-Y. , Joseph B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis chapter reviews the synthesis and reactivity of 1,3-dihydroazaindol-2-ones described in the literature until mid-2014. Synthetic methods and substituent modifications are reviewed for each isomer.
27.19.5 Azomethine Imines (Update 2017)
Authors: Atodiresei I. , Rueping M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution describing methods for the synthesis of azomethine imines and focuses on the literature published in the period 2003–2014. As azomethine imines are commonly generated in situ, and subsequently trapped with suitable reaction partners, their applications in synthesis are also presented herein.
34.9.3 β-Fluoro Alcohols (Update 2017)
Authors: Shibatomi K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 34.9) describing methods for the synthesis of β-fluoro alcohols. It focuses on enantioselective synthetic approaches, and includes methods based on the α-fluorination of carbonyl compounds and subsequent reduction.
35.2.1.5.7 Synthesis of Bromoalkanes by Substitution of Oxygen Functionalities (Update 2017)
Authors: Braun M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution describing the synthesis of bromoalkanes by substitution of oxygen functionalities. In this update, the focus is the substitution of free hydroxy groups, silyl ethers, tetrahydropyran-2-yl ethers, and sulfonates.
35.2.4.2.3 Synthesis of Allylic Bromides by Substitution of σ-Bonded Heteroatoms (Update 2017)
Authors: Braun M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution describing the synthesis of allylic bromides by substitution of σ-bonded heteroatoms. In this update, the focus is on the substitution of other halogens and of hydroxy groups.
CD318 is a ligand for CD6
Authors: Enyindah-Asonye Gospel , Li Yan , Ruth Jeffrey H. , Spassov Danislav S. , Hebron Katie E. , Zijlstra Andries , Moasser Mark M. , Wang Benlian , Singer Nora G. , Cui Huadong , Ohara Ray A. , Rasmussen Stephanie M. , Fox David A. , Lin Feng 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceThe CD6 T cell surface glycoprotein regulates T cell activation, andCD6is a risk gene for autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Moreover, recent work indicates that CD6 is an attractive target for the development of new therapeutic approaches to autoimmune diseases such as MS. The known ligand of CD6 is CD166 (also termed ALCAM), but CD6–CD166 interactions neither explain CD6-dependent interactions with stromal cell lineages that are critical in organ-targeted autoimmune diseases nor account for effects of CD6-targeted therapeutics in autoimmune diseases. This report definitively establishes CD318 as a second ligand of CD6 and provides evidence for the importance of CD6–CD318 interactions in autoimmune diseases that affect the central nervous system and the synovial lining of joints.
Plant feeding promotes diversification in the Crustacea
Authors: Poore Alistair G. B. , Ahyong Shane T. , Lowry James K. , Sotka Erik E. 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceUnderstanding what morphological and behavioral traits promote the success of diverse groups of organisms is a major goal of evolutionary biology. The ability to consume novel food sources has been linked to the spectacular radiation of herbivorous insects that eat terrestrial plants on Earth. Among the crustaceans, the arthropod group that dominates aquatic environments, relatively few major taxa have overcome the challenges of consuming primary producers (plants and macroalgae). However, lineages that include plant material in their diets support more species than their most closely related lineages. The results of our analyses support the hypothesis that a shift in diet promotes speciation in this diverse and ecologically important animal group.
Interferon-γ is a master checkpoint regulator of cytokine-induced differentiation
Authors: Zha Zhao , Bucher Felicitas , Nejatfard Anahita , Zheng Tianqing , Zhang Hongkai , Yea Kyungmoo , Lerner Richard A. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The understanding of the molecular mechanisms of activation and checkpoint processes has important therapeutic implications. Here, we show that interferon-γ is a master checkpoint regulator for many cytokines. It operates partially by activating STAT1 signaling. However, most important is the mechanism that allows it to assume master regulator status. To do this, it induces internalization of gp130, a common component of many heterodimeric cytokine receptors. Therefore, this cytokine checkpoint could open a whole new paradigm in cell biology.