bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytoplankton defenses: Do Emiliania huxleyi coccoliths protect against microzooplankton predators?
Authors: Strom Suzanne L. , Bright Kelley J. , Fredrickson Kerri A. , Cooney Elizabeth C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe calcium carbonate plates (coccoliths) surrounding most coccolithophorid cells are strikingly reminiscent of armor, and defense against predators has been hypothesized as a selective advantage provided by these mineral structures. Although microzooplankton are the main predators of small phytoplankton such as coccolithophores, few putative phytoplankton defenses have been tested against this group. In this study, predation by the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Amphidinium longum on three calcifying strains of Emiliania huxleyi was compared with predation on cells acid‐treated to remove coccoliths. As a control for acidification effects on other cell properties, we also compared predation on acid‐treated and untreated non‐calcifying (haploid) E. huxleyi strains. We found no systematic support for the defense hypothesis in this predator‐prey system. Acid‐treated cells experienced predation rates that were higher, the same as, and lower than rates on untreated cells, depending on E. huxleyi strain. Other cell properties showing no relationship to predation included size, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) content, and DMSP release. For untreated cells, however, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in the cell suspension was positively related to predation, suggesting that H2O2 acts as a signal promoting prey detection, or that H2O2 co‐varies with other (unmeasured) predation‐enhancing cell properties. A. longum uses two different prey capture and ingestion strategies, depending on prey type. This plasticity suggests co‐evolution of predation and defense strategies, facilitating a generalist feeding strategy compatible with the diversity of potential phytoplankton prey.
Design of a Novel Two‐Component Hybrid Dermal Scaffold for the Treatment of Pressure Sores
Authors: Sharma Vaibhav , Kohli Nupur , Moulding Dale , Afolabi Halimat , Hook Lilian , Mason Chris , García‐Gareta Elena 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study is to design a novel two‐component hybrid scaffold using the fibrin/alginate porous hydrogel Smart Matrix combined to a backing layer of plasma polymerized polydimethylsiloxane (Sil) membrane to make the fibrin‐based dermal scaffold more robust for the treatment of the clinically challenging pressure sores. A design criteria are established, according to which the Sil membranes are punched to avoid collection of fluid underneath. Manual peel test shows that native silicone does not attach to the fibrin/alginate component while the plasma polymerized silicone membranes are firmly bound to fibrin/alginate. Structural characterization shows that the fibrin/alginate matrix is intact after the addition of the Sil membrane. By adding a Sil membrane to the original fibrin/alginate scaffold, the resulting two‐component scaffolds have a significantly higher shear or storage modulusG′. In vitro cell studies show that dermal fibroblasts remain viable, proliferate, and infiltrate the two‐component hybrid scaffolds during the culture period. These results show that the design of a novel two‐component hybrid dermal scaffold is successful according to the proposed design criteria. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that reports the combination of a fibrin‐based scaffold with a plasma‐polymerized silicone membrane.
Highly Luminescent CB[7]‐Based Conjugated Polyrotaxanes Embedded into Crystalline Matrices
Authors: Erdem Talha , Idris Muazzam , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Tuncel Dönüs 
Published: September 2017

Abstractπ‐Conjugated polymers suffer from low quantum yields (QYs) due to chain–chain interactions. Furthermore, their emission in solid films is significantly quenched due to aggregation leading further decrease in QY. These are the two main issues of these materials hampering their widespread use in optoelectronic devices. To address these issues, here the backbone of poly(9,9′‐bis(6″‐(N,N,N‐trimethylammonium)hexyl)fluorene‐alt‐co‐thiophenelene) is isolated by threading with cucurbit[7]uril (CB7). Subsequently, the conjugated polyrotaxanes are incorporated into organic crystalline matrices to obtain highly efficient color‐converting solids suitable for solid‐state lighting. Upon threading the polymer backbone with CB7s, although the QY of the resulting polyrotaxane in solution state increases, the quenching problem in their solid state is not completely tackled. To solve this problem, these conjugated polyrotaxanes are embedded into various crystalline matrices and their remarkably high QYs (>50%) in the solution are successfully maintained in the solid state. To demonstrate the suitability of these aforementioned materials for solid‐state lighting, a proof‐of‐concept light‐emitting diode is constructed by employing their powders as color converters.
Allelic spectrum of formiminotransferase‐cyclodeaminase gene variants in individuals with formiminoglutamic aciduria
Authors: Majumdar Ramanath , Yori Andrew , Rush Peggy W. , Raymond Kimiyo , Gavrilov Dimitar , Tortorelli Silvia , Matern Dietrich , Rinaldo Piero , Feldman Gerald L. , Oglesbee Devin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundElevated plasma and urine formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU) levels are commonly indicative of formiminoglutamic aciduria (OMIM #229100), a poorly understood autosomal recessive disorder of histidine and folate metabolism, resulting from formiminotransferase‐cyclodeaminase (FTCD) deficiency, a bifunctional enzyme encoded by FTCD.MethodsIn order to further understanding about the molecular alterations that contribute to FIGLU‐uria, we sequenced FTCD in 20 individuals with putative FTCD deficiency and varying laboratory findings, including increased FIGLU excretion.ResultsIndividuals tested had biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in protein‐coding regions of FTCD. The FTCD allelic spectrum comprised of 12 distinct variants including 5 missense alterations that replace conserved amino acid residues (c.223A>C, c.266A>G, c.319T>C, c.430G>A, c.514G>T), an in‐frame deletion (c.1373_1375delTGG), with the remaining alterations predicted to affect mRNA processing/stability. These included two frameshift variants (c.990dup, c.1366dup) and four nonsense variants (c.337C>T, c.451A>T, c.763C>T, c.1607T>A).ConclusionWe observed additional FTCD alleles leading to urinary FIGLU elevations, and thus, providing molecular evidence of FTCD deficiency in cases identified by newborn screening or clinical biochemical genetic laboratory testing.
Proteomic Analysis of the Secretome of Porcine Alveolar Macrophages Infected with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
Authors: Li Yuming , Wu Zhuanchang , Liu Ke , Qi Pengfei , Xu Jinpeng , Wei Jianchao , Li Beibei , Shao Donghua , Shi Yuanyuan , Qiu Yafeng , Ma Zhiyong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which is characterized by reproductive failure and respiratory disorders. The secretome of PRRSV‐infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), which are the primary target cells of PRRSV, was analyzed by label‐free quantitative proteomics to gain a profile of proteins secreted during PRRSV infection. A total of 95 secreted proteins with differentially expressed levels between PRRSV‐ and mock‐infected PAMs was screened. Among these, the expression levels of 49 and 46 proteins were up‐regulated and down‐regulated, respectively, in PRRSV‐infected cell supernatants, as compared with mock‐infected cell supernatants. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed proteins were enriched in several signaling pathways related to the immune and inflammatory responses, such as the Toll‐like receptor signaling pathway and NF‐kappa B signaling pathway, and involved in a great diversity of biological processes, such as protein binding and localization, as well as immune effector processes. In addition, PRRSV‐infected cell supernatants induced significant expression of inflammatory cytokines in vascular endothelial cells. These findings suggest that the secreted proteins play potential roles in the host immune and inflammatory responses as well as PRRSV replication, thereby providing new insights into cell‐to‐cell communication during PRRSV infection.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Regioselective C‐H Amination of N‐Pyridyl Imines Using Azidotrimethylsilane and TBHP: A One‐Pot, Domino Approach to Substituted Imidazo[4, 5‐b]pyridines
Authors: Nisha  , Bhargava Gaurav , Kumar Yogesh 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA novel, efficient and one‐pot multicomponent copper‐catalyzed amination of N‐pyridyl imines is described. This, one‐pot, multicomponent reaction, in which imine acts as a directing group by chelating to the metal core, affords a domino approach for the transformation of the commercial pyridinamines, aldehydes and azide into valuable imidazo[4, 5‐b]pyridines with wide substrate extent and diversity.
An Alternative Fragmentation Pathway of 5H‐1,4,2‐Oxathiazoles Under Basic Conditions
Authors: Yong Fui Fong , Hewitt Russell J. , Ong Michelle J. H. , Qiu Guanqi , Burkett Brendan A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecent advances in the synthesis of 1,4,2‐oxathiazoles have enabled unprecedented structural diversity to be achieved for this class of heterocycles, including 5H‐substituted derivatives. 1,4,2‐oxathiazoles have long been known to undergo fragmentation to afford isothiocyanates and carbonyl‐containing molecules under thermal conditions, yet the behavior of 5H‐1,4,2‐oxathiazoles has yet to be investigated. Based on literature reports, 5H‐1,4,2‐oxathiazoles would be expected to display similar behavior under thermal conditions as their 5,5‐dialkyl/diaryl substituted cousins, but further chemistry of the 5H‐substituent has not been explored. In this preliminary report, the reactivity of 5H‐1,4,2‐oxathiazoles under basic conditions has been investigated, revealing an alternative fragmentation pathway whereby 5H‐1,4,2‐oxathiazoles produce nitriles and the corresponding thioacid salts. Significantly, the base promoted fragmentation pathway is able to be invoked at room temperature, allowing the reaction to proceed without generating any isothiocyanate.
Single‐Phase All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Battery Using Li3V2(PO4)3 as the Cathode, Anode, and Electrolyte
Authors: Inoishi Atsushi , Omuta Takuya , Yoshioka Yuto , Kobayashi Eiji , Kitajou Ayuko , Okada Shigeto 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo realize an ideal interface between electrode and electrolyte, a single‐phase all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion battery is studied using Li3V2(PO4)3‐based NASICON‐type material as the cathode, anode, and electrolyte. A dense Li3‐xV2‐xAlx(PO4)3 pellet with the Pt current collectors on both the front and back surfaces successfully demonstrates charge‐discharge reactions based on the V3+/V2+ (anode) and V3+/V4+ (cathode) redox systems at 373 K. Al substitutional doping for V brings the suppression of the electronic conductivity and increase in the ionic conductivity. As a result, Al‐doped material (Li3V1.6Al0.4(PO4)3) exhibites the best charge‐discharge performance in the Li3V2‐xAlx(PO4)3 system (x=0 ‐ 0.6) because of its high ionic conductivity and low electronic conductivity. The concept of a single‐phase battery with a single material offers a new approach to avoid side reactions during cell fabrication of oxide‐based all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries.
Microtubular SnO2/V2O5 Composites Derived from Cellulose Substance as Cathode Materials of Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Li Xue , Ji Yue , Huang Jian‐Sheng , Li Jiao , Huang Jianguo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThree‐dimensional microtubular SnO2/V2O5 composites with various SnO2 contents (2.2, 12.1 and 25.2 wt%) were fabricated by a facile sol−gel method employing natural cellulose substance (e. g., filter paper) as template. Thin VxOy/SnO2 gel layer was first deposited onto the surfaces of the cellulose microfibers of the filter paper through a dipping process, and then the as‐prepared VxOy/SnO2/cellulose composites were calcined in air to give the SnO2/V2O5 composites. The obtained composites inherit the morphology of the initial cellulose substance on the micrometer scale and consist of intricate microtubes composed of V2O5 nanorods with SnO2 nanoparticles anchored on the surfaces. Due to the unique three‐dimensional network structure of the composites and the synergetic effect of the V2O5 and SnO2 species, the SnO2/V2O5 composites displayed enhanced electrochemical performances when employed as cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. The composite with a SnO2 loading content of 12.1 wt% retained a stable discharge capacity of 126 mAh g−1 after 150 discharge/charge cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. The three‐dimensional microtubular structure inherited from the cellulose substance improves the structural stability of the electrode materials and facilitates the diffusion of lithium ions, and the existence of SnO2 with an appropriate loading content enhances the conductivity of the composites.
Revolving Vernier Mechanism Controls Size of Linear Homomultimer
Authors: Uchida Takeo , Abe Keita , Endo Yuma , Ichiseki Shosei , Akita Satoru , Liu Shiyun , Aradachi Sho , Saito Masataka , Fukuchi Akihiko , Kikkawa Taiyo , Dammaretz Theo , Kawamata Ibuki , Suzuki Yuki , Nomura Shin‐ichiro M. , Murata Satoshi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA new kind of the Vernier mechanism that is able to control the size of linear assembly of DNA origami nanostructures is proposed. The mechanism is realized by mechanical design of DNA origami, which consists of a hollow cylinder and a rotatable shaft in it connected through the same scaffold. This nanostructure stacks with each other by the shape complementarity at its top and bottom surfaces of the cylinder, while the number of stacking is limited by twisting angle of the shaft. Experiments have shown that the size distribution of multimeric assembly of the origami depends on the twisting angle of the shaft; the average lengths of the multimer are decamer, hexamer, and tetramer for 0°, 10°, and 20° twist, respectively. In summary, it is possible to affect the number of polymerization by adjusting the precise shape and movability of a molecular structure.
Two reported cytotypes of the emergent orchid model species Erycina pusilla are two different species
Authors: Yeh Hsuan-Yu , Lin Choun-Sea , de Jong Hans , Chang Song-Bin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEach species is characterized by a specific set of chromosomes, which is described as the chromosome portrait or karyotype. In general, such a karyotype is the same for all individuals in the population. An exception to that rule has recently been found in the orchid Erycina pusilla, which has been reported to have two cytotypes with chromosome numbers of 2n = 10 and 2n = 12. Here, we examined the karyotypes of the two cytotypes and found differences in arm ratios and heterochromatin patterns as well as in the presence of satellite chromosomes and in the number and location of rDNA and telomeric repeat sites. These differences are extensive and would have required multiple chromosome rearrangements to generate the differences between the two karyotypes. We also found that F1 hybrids between the parents with the two different chromosome numbers resulted in sterile offspring, in accordance with our previous findings. The combination of hybrid sterility and extensively rearranged chromosomes supports the hypothesis that these two reported cytotypes are, in fact, two different species.
Training to Provide Psychiatric Genetic Counseling: How Does It Impact Recent Graduates’ and Current Students’ Readiness to Provide Genetic Counseling for Individuals with Psychiatric Illness and Attitudes towards this Population?
Authors: Low Ashley , Dixon Shannan , Higgs Amanda , Joines Jessica , Hippman Catriona 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMental illness is extremely common and genetic counselors frequently see patients with mental illness. Genetic counselors report discomfort in providing psychiatric genetic counseling (GC), suggesting the need to look critically at training for psychiatric GC. This study aimed to investigate psychiatric GC training and its impact on perceived preparedness to provide psychiatric GC (preparedness). Current students and recent graduates were invited to complete an anonymous survey evaluating psychiatric GC training and outcomes. Bivariate correlations (p<.10) identified variables for inclusion in a logistic regression model to predict preparedness. Data were checked for assumptions underlying logistic regression. The logistic regression model for the 286 respondents [χ2(8)=84.87, p<.001] explained between 37.1% (Cox & Snell R2=.371) and 49.7% (Nagelkerke R2=.497) of the variance in preparedness scores. More frequent psychiatric GC instruction (OR=5.13), more active methods for practicing risk assessment (OR=4.43), and education on providing resources for mental illness (OR=4.99) made uniquely significant contributions to the model (p<.001). Responses to open‐ended questions revealed interest in further psychiatric GC training, particularly enabling “hands on” experience. This exploratory study suggests that enriching GC training through more frequent psychiatric GC instruction and more active opportunities to practice psychiatric GC skills will support students in feeling more prepared to provide psychiatric GC after graduation.
Abundance and diversity of soil mite (Acari) communities after conversion of tropical secondary forest into rubber plantations in Grand‐Lahou, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: N'Dri Julien Kouadio , Seka Fabrice Ange , Pokou Pacôme Konan , N'Da Rodolphe Arnaud Guy , Lagerlöf Jan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe objective of this investigation was to understand the modification of mite communities and soil physico‐chemical parameters after conversion of secondary forests into rubber plantations and how these change with the aging of the plantations. The sampling was performed in a humid period and samples were taken from three of each age of secondary forests, 7‐year‐old rubber plantations, 12‐year‐old rubber plantations and 25‐year‐old rubber plantations. We hypothesized that the stress imposed on mite communities during site preparation and planting would be compensated for by the reduction of the soil degradation index as the rubber plantations age. Across the 12 sampling areas, 120 soil cores were taken at 10 cm soil depth over a 40 m transect. Soil physico‐chemical parameters were characterized and soil mites were extracted with a modified Berlese‐Tullgren funnel over the course of 10 days. The results showed that conversion of secondary forests into rubber plantations leads to a modification in the density of mites (−60 and +1%), species richness (−48 and −15%), water content (−62 and −31%), soil organic carbon (−67 and −51%) and total nitrogen (−64 and −52%) respectively after about 7 and 25 years of conversion. The investigation pointed out an improvement in soil ecological quality with the aging of rubber plantations over time and this was characterized by an increase in the density of mites (+150%), species richness (+63%), water content (+84%), organic carbon (+50%) and total nitrogen (+33%) in the 25‐year‐old plantations compared to the 7‐year‐old plantations.
Four strategies to find, evaluate, and engage with online resources in emergency medicine
Authors: Lo Andrea , Shappell Eric , Rosenberg Hans , Thoma Brent , Ahn James , Trueger N. Seth , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDespite the rapid expansion of online educational resources for emergency medicine, barriers remain to their effective use by emergency physicians and trainees. This article expands on previous descriptions of techniques to aggregate online educational resources, outlining four strategies to help learners navigate, evaluate, and contribute online. These strategies include 1) cultivating digital mentors, 2) browsing the most popular free open access medical education (FOAM) websites, 3) using critical appraisal tools developed for FOAM, and 4) contributing new online content.
Ichnostratigraphy of the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary: new insights on lower Cambrian biozonations from the Soltanieh Formation of northern Iran
Authors: Shahkarami Setareh , Mángano M. Gabriela , Buatois Luis A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStrata in the Central Alborz Mountains, northern Iran, are interpreted to show continuous sedimentation from Ediacaran through Cambrian times. The Soltanieh Formation consists of five members: Lower Dolomite, Lower Shale, Middle Dolomite, Upper Shale and Upper Dolomite members. The clastic units (Lower and Upper Shale members) represent sedimentation in distal marine settings, ranging from the shelf to offshore, and contain abundant trace fossils of biostratigraphic utility. Four ichnozones have been recognized. Ichnozone 1, containingHelminthoidichnites tenuis,Helminthopsis tenuis, andCochlichnus anguineus, is early Fortunian based on small shelly fossils, and is interpreted as a distal expression of theTreptichnus pedumzone. Ichnozone 2, comprising the first occurrence ofT.pedum, is middle Fortunian, and is best regarded as the upper half of theTreptichnus pedumZone. Ichnozone 3 is late Fortunian–Cambrian Age 2, characterized by a sudden change in abundance and complexity of trace fossils. Main elements in this ichnozone includeCruziana problematica,Curvolithusisp., Phycodesisp.,Treptichnus pedum,Treptichnus pollardi, andTreptichnusisp. Ichnozone 4 is of Cambrian Age 2–Age 3 and marked by the first appearances ofPsammichnites gigas,Rusophycus avalonensis, andDidymaulichnus miettensis. Integration of trace fossils with small shelly fossils suggests that the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary should be placed at the base of the Soltanieh Formation or within the Lower Dolomite Member. The delayed appearance ofT.pedumand the low ichnodiversity in the Lower Shale and lower interval of the Upper Shale reflect limited colonization of settings below storm wave base during the early Fortunian.
A quantitative taxonomic review of Fusichonetes and Tethyochonetes (Chonetidina, Brachiopoda)
Authors: Wu Hui-ting , Shi G. R. , He Wei-hong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo middle Permian (Capitanian) to Early Triassic (Griesbachian) rugosochonetidae brachiopod genera, Fusichonetes Liao in Zhao et al., 1981 and Tethyochonetes Chen et al., 2000, have been regarded as two distinct taxa and used as such for a wide range of discussions including biostratigraphy, paleoecology, paleobiogeography, and the Permian-Triassic boundary mass extinction. However, the supposed morphological distinctions between the two taxa are subtle at best and appear to represent two end members of a continuum of morphological variations. In this study, we applied a range of quantitative and analytical procedures (bivariate plots, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, categorical principle component analysis, and cladistic analysis) to a dataset of 15 quantified morphological variables, integrating both key external and internal characters, measured from 141 specimens of all well-known Fusichonetes and Tethyochonetes in order to test whether or not these two genera could be distinguished in view of the chosen characters. The results indicate that these two genera are morphologically indistinguishable and that the species classification previously applied to these two genera appears to represent polyphyletic groupings within the genus Fusichonetes. Consequently, Tethyochonetes is concluded to be a junior synonym of Fusichonetes. The diagnosis and key characteristics of Fusichonetes are clarified and refined based on a new suite of well-preserved specimens from the Permian−Triassic Xinmin section in South China.