bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Endothelial Dysfunction With Adhesion Molecules in Patients With Celiac Disease
Authors: Comba Atakan , Çaltepe Gönül , Yanık Keramettin , Gör Ufuk , Yüce Özlem , Kalaycı Ayhan G. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic immune disorder. We assessed serum levels of adhesion molecules as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in patients with CD at first diagnosis and in those on a gluten‐free diet.Methods:Sixty‐five patients with CD (mean age 6.74 ± 4.6 years) and 51 age‐ and sex‐matched control patients participated in the present case‐controlled, prospective clinical study. Serum levels of vascular adhesion molecule‐1, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, endothelial selectin, vascular endothelial cadherin, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, and homocysteine levels were measured.Results:Average soluble vascular adhesion molecule‐1 (CD vs control group: 1320 ± 308 vs 1120 ± 406 ng/mL, P = 0.006), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (336 ± 99 vs 263 ± 67 ng/mL, P = 0.025), and soluble endothelial selectin (113.9 ± 70 vs 76.9 ± 32 ng/mL, P = 0.007) levels were significantly higher in cases of newly diagnosed CD than in the control group. Soluble vascular adhesion molecule‐1 (1050 ± 190 ng/mL) and soluble endothelial selectin (68.7 ± 45 ng/mL) levels in patients with CD, who were fully compliant with a gluten‐free diet, were significantly lower than that in those newly diagnosed as having CD (P = 0.003 and P = 0.0012, respectively).Conclusions:These results show that serum adhesion molecule levels are higher in patients with CD. Some of the risks associated with endothelial dysfunction may be related to CD and these risks can be reduced with an appropriate and fully controlled diet.
Analysis of Two-State Folding Using Parabolic Approximation III: Non-Arrhenius Kinetics of FBP28 WW Part-I
Authors: Sade Robert S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA model which treats the denatured and the native conformers as being confined to harmonic Gibbs energy wells has been used to analyse the non-Arrhenius behaviour of spontaneously-folding fixed two-state systems. The results demonstrate that when pressure and solvent are constant: (i) a two-state system is physically defined only for a finite temperature range; (ii) irrespective of the primary sequence, the 3-dimensional structure of the native conformer, the residual structure in the denatured state, and the magnitude of the folding and unfolding rate constants, the equilibrium stability of a two-state system is a maximum when its denatured conformers bury the least amount of solvent accessible surface area (SASA) to reach the activated state; (iii) the Gibbs barriers to folding and unfolding are not always due to the incomplete compensation of the activation enthalpies and entropies; (iv) the difference in heat capacity between the reaction-states is due to both the size of the solvent-shell and the non-covalent interactions; (v) the position of the transition state ensemble along the reaction coordinate (RC) depends on the choice of the RC; and (vi) the atomic structure of the transiently populated reaction-states cannot be inferred from perturbation-induced changes in their energetics.
Admixture Into and Within Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Busby George B.J. , Band Gavin , Si Le Quang , Jallow Muminatou , Bougama Edith , Mangano Valentina , Amenga-Etego Lucas , Emimil Anthony , Apinjoh Tobias , Ndila Carolyne , Manjurano Alphaxard , Nyirongo Vysaul , Doumbo Ogobara , A. Rockett Kirk , Kwiatkowski Domnic P. , Spencer Chris C.A. ,   In Association with the Malaria Genomic Epidemiology Network
Published: February 2016

AbstractUnderstanding patterns of genetic diversity is a crucial component of medical research in Africa. Here we use haplotype-based population genetics inference to describe gene-flow and admixture in a collection of 48 African groups with a focus on the major populations of the sub-Sahara. Our analysis presents a framework for interpreting haplotype diversity within and between population groups and provides a demographic foundation for genetic epidemiology in Africa. We show that coastal African populations have experienced an influx of Eurasian haplotypes as a series of admixture events over the last 7,000 years, and that Niger-Congo speaking groups from East and Southern Africa share ancestry with Central West Africans as a result of recent population expansions associated with the adoption of new agricultural technologies. We demonstrate that most sub-Saharan populations share ancestry with groups from outside of their current geographic region as a result of large-scale population movements over the last 4,000 years. Our in-depth analysis of admixture provides an insight into haplotype sharing across different geographic groups and the recent movement of alleles into new climatic and pathogenic environments, both of which will aid the interpretation of genetic studies of disease in sub-Saharan Africa.
Auxin-induced expression divergence between Arabidopsis species likely originates within the TIR1/AFB-AUX/IAA-ARF module
Authors: Trenner Jana , Poeschl Yvonne , Grau Jan , Gogol-Döring Andreas , Quint Marcel , Delker Carolin 
Published: February 2016

HighlightTIR1/AFB, AUX/IAA, and ARF proteins show interspecies expression variation correlating with variation in downstream responses which indicates a source for natural variation within this conserved signaling module.AbstractAuxin is an essential regulator of plant growth and development and auxin signaling components are conserved among land plants. Yet, a remarkable degree of natural variation in physiological and transcriptional auxin responses has been described amongArabidopsis thalianaaccessions. As intra-species comparisons offer only limited genetic variation, we here inspect the variation of auxin responses betweenA. thalianaandA. lyrata.This approach allowed the identification of conserved auxin response genes including novel genes with potential relevance for auxin biology. Furthermore, promoter divergences were analyzed for putative sources of variation.De novomotif discovery identified novel and variants of known elements with potential relevance for auxin responses, emphasizing the complex, and yet elusive, code of element combinations accounting for the diversity in transcriptional auxin responses. Furthermore, network analysis revealed correlations of inter-species differences in the expression ofAUX/IAAgene clusters and classic auxin-related genes. We conclude that variation in general transcriptional and physiological auxin responses may originate substantially from functional or transcriptional variations in the TIR1/AFB, AUX/IAA, and ARF signaling network. In that respect,AUX/IAAgene expression divergence potentially reflects differences in the manner in which different species transduce identical auxin signals into gene expression responses.
Exploring internal crisis communication in multicultural environments
Authors: Ravazzani Silvia 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore managers’ perspectives on and practices of internal crisis communication in multicultural environments.Design/methodology/approach– After a review of relevant literature on crisis, culture and internal communication to define the framework and relevance of this study, results from qualitative interviews with Danish managers are presented.Findings– Interviewees acknowledge the relevance of the cultural backgrounds of employees in relation to internal communication, especially in crisis situations. Cultural aspects affect message framing and employee sensemaking, especially when it comes to employees located in other countries. Line managers and local communicators are key in the adaptation of verbal and non-verbal communicative features. Employees are also seen as active sensegivers and communicators.Research limitations/implications– Findings show how demographic and globalisation patterns, which are changing domestic and international workplaces, have important implications for internal communication and internal crisis communication. There is therefore a call for further research, especially from the perspective of employees.Originality/value– Although cultural aspects have been highlighted as a recurrent feature of most crises today, and one of the new research areas to be explored, studies within this area are very few and concern mainly external audiences and practices. The present research study contributes to this overlooked area by offering valuable insights into internal crisis communication in organisations with a multicultural environment.
Brand crisis communication through social media
Authors: Wang Yan 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how companies make use of social media communication to turn crises into opportunities and how consumers respond to this brand management strategy, and evaluate the effects of this kind of advertising campaign.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study uses the textual analysis method to examine the verbal fight between two brand competitors on Sina Weibo. An interpretative analysis approach is adopted to analyze a series of micro-blog messages and relevant responses and comments. A statistical analysis is conducted to reveal the public opinion on this case.

Findings
– The brand crisis due to trademark dispute has been successfully turned into an advertising campaign, which received eager and favorable responses from the consumers. In the name of making apologies, the company in crisis availed itself of the Weibo platform to make a veiled protest against the verdict of the Court. The technique “acting cute” was proved to be effective in diminishing the negative effect of a brand crisis and winning public sympathy and support.

Research limitations/implications
– The research findings may provide insights into the interplay between brand advertising and corporate crisis communication on the platform of social media.

Practical implications
– This study can inform practitioners of useful techniques to deal with brand crises via social media.

Originality/value
– The value of this study lies not only in its contribution to the body of knowledge on online crisis management with a case of Chinese companies, but also in its validation of the interplay between crisis communication and advertising.
Internal crisis communication
Authors: Strandberg Julia Matilda , Vigsø Orla 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the study of internal crisis communication, not only the communication from the management to the employees, but also the employees’ communication with each other, in order to highlight the role of communication in the employees’ sensemaking during a crisis situation.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study was conducted as interviews with both managers and employees at a municipality in the Stockholm region, where a former employee had just been accused of embezzling approx. 25 million SEK. The interviews were analysed with particular interest to descriptions of how information was communicated, and how the sensemaking process developed.

Findings
– The crisis communication was successful when it came to informing external stakeholders and media. But the management and the employees had different views on the communication. The employees felt that management did not present all the information they needed, which made their sensemaking based on assumptions and rumours, and on the culture in the unit. Management interpreted that the crisis was not due to a culture problem, while the employees felt that there was a shared responsibility. Blaming the former employee was perceived as a way of dodging the cultural problems.

Practical implications
– Conclusions can be generalized into three points: first, differences between external and internal crisis communication need to be taken into account. Second, a crisis can strengthen existing patterns within a dysfunctional culture. Third, do not use single employees as scapegoats, putting all blame on them.

Originality/value
– The study shows the significance of culture and rumour as components of sensemaking in a crisis situation. The results should be applicable to most kinds of organizations, commercial or not.
Erosion wear performance of borax filled novel hybrid composites by using the Taguchi experimental design
Authors: Bagci Mehmet , Imrek Huseyin 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– This study aims to examine solid particle erosion behavior of novel hybrid composite materials where borax (B2O3) particles (∼150 μm) were added to glass fabric and epoxy resin at an amount of 15 and 30 per cent.

Design/methodology/approach
– The tests that involved slightly rounded and irregular Al2O3 particles having two erodent sizes (200, 400 μm) were conducted at these operational conditions; namely, three impact velocities (23, 34, 53 m/s), two fabric directions (0/90/0, 45/−45/45) and three impingement angles (30°, 60°, 90°). In addition, the design of experiments, which utilizes Taguchi’s robust orthogonal arrays approach, was used and an optimum parameter combination was established, which had a minimum erosion rate. Moreover, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction views show the visual effect of filler material.

Findings
– All test specimens regardless of their dissimilar characteristics displayed maximum erosion rate at 30° impingement angle. Test specimens with 45/−45/45 fabric direction are more wear-resistant than their counterparts with 0/90/0 fabric direction. The erosion wear of glass fabric reinforced epoxy (GF/EP) composites whose matrix had 15 per cent addition of borax particles was higher than that of neat GF/EP composites. In addition, new composite material formed by including borax particles at a rate of 30 per cent of resin leads to a reduction in erosion rates.

Originality/value
– While fabric-reinforced polymers take place in most of the studies conducted on erosive wear of composites, studies involving erosion on composites with filler materials can hardly be encountered.
Thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of large scale composite thrust bearing with sector pad faced by PTFE
Authors: Wang Shun , Tan Qingchang , Kou Zunquan 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to construct lubrication model closer to the fact of thrust bearings and to calculate the bearings characteristics of lubrication for understanding how structures influence bearings performances and, importantly, what can be the most beneficial. Large-scale composite thrust bearings with Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-faced sector pad backed by steel base are used increasingly in equipment. But there are plenty of puzzled problems in design and application.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors established a 3D thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) model. Oil film was formulated by Reynolds equation for pressure, and by energy equation for temperature varying through oil film thickness. Meanwhile, pad temperature was formulated by solid heat transfer equation. Elastic and thermal deformations of pad surface were calculated. Viscosity and density of oil were valued separately under different pressure and temperature. Load balance was considered as well as overturning moment balance. Finite difference method was applied to discrete these equations.

Findings
– PTFE layer and steel base have either helpful or detrimental impact on contact strength and full film lubrication of thrust bearing depending on their relationship in thickness. Temperature lag between middle layer of steel base and pad surface depends on PTFE layer, but not on the steel base. PTFE layer thickness should be considered when alarming threshold value of the bearings temperature is chosen.

Originality/value
– Three-dimensional TEHL model of large-scale composite thrust bearings was established, which included more factors close to the actual. Conclusions were drawn. These proposals are helpful to design the bearings.
Optimizing the shape of top piston ring face using inverse method
Authors: Zhang Zhinan , Liu Jun , Tang Yihu , Meng Xianghui 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– This study aims at proposing an approach for optimizing the shape of the top piston ring face for minimum friction force using an inverse method. The shape of the top piston ring face determines the amount of oil distribution in the interface of the ring and liner. Therefore, the shape has a significant impact on the tribological performance of this interface.Design/methodology/approach– The shape of the ring face is represented by a polynomial function and is based on the load analysis of the ring. The optimization of the shape was performed using the Sequential Quadratic Programming method. The minimizing of the friction parameter at the interface was considered during the solving process to obtain an optimum ring shape.Findings– The optimized high degree of the shape of the ring face could lead to a reduced friction parameter. The proposed method could be applied for the tribological design and optimization of the piston rings.Research limitations/implications– There still need effort to investigate the effect of design parameters (e.g. property of lubricant)on the optimization of the ring face.Originality/value– The subject matter is important and the method has practical value.
Australian talkback radio prank strategy: a media-made crisis
Authors: Ali Saira , Khattab Umi 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse an Australian commercial radio talkback show that deployed prank as a strategy to scoop royal news to entertain an Australian audience, often commodified for popularity ratings and sponsorship dollars.Design/methodology/approach– Using textual analysis, the study empirically examined the crisis that followed the 2Day FM’s prank call to the Duchess of Cambridge at King Edward VII Hospital, London. The paper engages with the media-made disaster from the lens of issue and crisis management interrogating social conversations and news stories across three countries, i.e., Australia, Britain and India.Findings– Findings reflect that the media, in this case, radio, far more than any other public entity, is subject to public scrutiny and has a moral obligation to practice with public interest at heart. Both news and social media played crucial roles in the escalation of the crisis that ignited a range of public issues. While social media narratives were abusive, condemning and life-threatening, news stories focused on legality, ethics and privacy.Practical implications– The prank broadcast invited news and social media attention and raised public concern over the ethics of Australian radio entertainment. Crises, whilst often damaging, contribute to the rethinking and rejuvenation of organisational and professional values and practices.Originality/value– This project is significant in that it is the first to use a radio talk show as a case to engage with issue and crisis management literature and interrogate radio practice in Australia. Further, the project identifies this crisis as media-made and develops an innovative crisis lifecycle model.
Public relations interactions with Wikipedia
Authors: Thompson Gareth 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider the relevance of the institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework (Ostrom, 1990) in understanding the incentives for public relations (PR) practitioners’ interactions with Wikipedia, and other common-pool media.

Design/methodology/approach
– This interdisciplinary conceptual paper applies the economics theory of commons governance to two case studies of PR interactions with Wikipedia.

Findings
– The analysis concludes that commons governance theory identifies the downside risks of opportunistic behaviour by PR practitioners in their interactions with media commons such as Wikipedia. The paper concludes that Ostrom’s IAD model is relevant to the governance of PR interactions and offers guidance on productive PR practice in common-pool media.

Research limitations/implications
– The analysis was applied to only two cases for which information was widely available.

Practical implications
– The paper includes implications for the scope of PR practice in its interactions with common-pool media. The economic value of information held by PR professionals has been undermined by the collaborative nature of common-pool media, which has consequences for the role of PR.

Originality/value
– The paper introduces an economic theory and related literature to PR scholarship and applies them to PR practice. The paper aims to stimulate further research into the application of economic ideas to PR practice and to encourage discussion on the place of economic theory in PR knowledge.
International accounting standards and accounting quality in code-law countries
Authors: Ebaid Ibrahim El-Sayed 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– This study aims to examine whether the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) leads to accounting quality improvements in Egypt as a code-law country. In particular, the study examines earnings management, the construct often used to assess accounting quality.Design/methodology/approach– The study compares earnings management practice for Egyptian listed companies before (2000-2006) and after (2007-2009) the adoption of IFRS.Findings– The findings of the study reveal that accounting quality, as measured by earnings management, has decreased in post-adoption period compared to pre-adoption period. IFRS are set up to provide high-quality financial reporting. However, this cannot be achieved solely by a regulatory requirement to follow. The accounting system is a complementary component of the country’s overall institutional system. Institutional improvements did not simultaneously take place by the Egyptian government around the adoption of IFRS. The Egyptian government did not introduce a more effective enforcement system, mandatory corporate governance regulations, investor protection mechanisms and sufficient institutional knowledge of IFRS during that period. Thus, even if IFRS are higher quality standards, the institutional features of Egyptian market could eliminate any improvement in accounting quality arising from adopting IFRS.Research/limitations/implications– The results of the study are consistent with prior research suggesting that the adoption of IFRS, which are generally perceived to be of higher quality than domestic standards, does not necessarily lead to higher accounting quality in code-law countries like Egypt. The overall results indicate that incentives dominate accounting standards in determining accounting quality in Egypt.Originality/value– The main reason why countries adopt IFRS invariably is to improve accounting quality. It is, therefore, of interest to ascertain if this goal has been met, especially, in code-law countries such as Egypt.