bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The collective roots and rewards of upward educational mobility
Authors: Shahrokni Shirin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDrawing on in‐depth interviews with descendants of North African working‐class immigrants admitted to elite higher institutions in France, this paper investigates the under‐researched role of family dynamics in facilitating upward educational mobility and informing the experience of social ascension. It shows that concrete mobility strategies, such as authoritative parenting and close mentorship from older siblings, have been deployed to enable the respondents’ educational attainment. Moreover, a set of moral resources transmitted through stories about family‐rooted aspirations and stories about post‐migration hardships and sacrifices have contributed to forging strong motivational dispositions that have facilitated school success among the respondents. These resources have further shaped the symbolic significance the interviewees associate with mobility. In contrast with the dominant individual‐centred narrative of success, for second‐generation North African immigrants, mobility represents a powerful way of ‘giving back’ to former‐generation migrants whose mobility dreams often had to be relinquished. The respondents also position themselves as role‐models for other youths of racially and socially disadvantaged backgrounds: their mobility pathways are described as vital for collective advancements particularly through the sense of minority empowerment these generate.
Clinically relevant improvements achieved from a facilitated implementation of a gestational diabetes model of care
Authors: Wilkinson Shelley A. , McCray Sally J. , Kempe Alison , Sellwood Bernadette 
Published: February 2018

AimMedical nutrition therapy is a cornerstone treatment in gestational diabetes; however, most Australian women diagnosed with gestational diabetes do not receive this. The project evaluated adaptation of a successful evidence‐based gestational diabetes model of care implementation from a tertiary centre into regional sites with varied demographics, population size and service capacity.MethodsThe project used a hub (project team)‐spoke (sites) model in Far North Queensland (Site 1) and regional South‐East Queensland (Site 2). Sites selected demonstrated strong gestational diabetes team cohesiveness and project commitment. The project phases were consultation, baseline, transition and implementation. A best practice decision tree tool was provided to assess/manage barriers to the model of care and clinical outcomes captured through a project database.ResultsRole clarification of site members, management engagement, site visits, decision tree and database refinement were completed in the project's first phase. Unexpected organisational and team barriers prevented timeline implementation as planned. Sites negotiated relevant reallocation of resources to achieve project deliverables. The proportion of women seen according to best practice increased from 3.5 to 87.8% (P < 0.001) (Site 1) and nil to 4.8% (P = 0.09) (Site 2), and those on medication dropped by 3.4 (Site 1) and 9.1% (Site 2).ConclusionsThis project demonstrates a successful implementation using a facilitated and rigorous approach. Support, engagement and tools at many levels were keys to success at both sites. The present study illustrates the opportunities and challenges of conducting implementation research within routine clinical care, particularly in resource‐challenged sites.
The perceived fairness of work–life balance policies: AUKcase study of solo‐living managers and professionals without children
Authors: Wilkinson Krystal , Tomlinson Jennifer , Gardiner Jean 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe ability to reconcile work and private life is a matter relevant to all employees, though not all may seek “balance.” Research indicates that organisational work–life balance policies and flexible working arrangements often focus on the needs of working parents, with one potential outcome being “family‐friendly backlash,” or counterproductive work behaviour from those without caring responsibilities. This paper analyses data from 36 interviews with childless solo‐living managers and professionals, exploring perceptions of fairness in relation to these policies. In contrast to previous studies, despite recognising a strong family‐care orientation in employer provisions, perceptions of unfair treatment or injustice were not pronounced in most cases, and thus there was little evidence of backlash/counterproductive work behaviour. The paper uses and develops organisational justice theory to explain the findings, emphasising the importance of situating individual justice orientations within perceived organisational policy and wider regulatory contexts. It also emphasises the importance of evaluating fairness of work–life balance policies and flexible working arrangements in relation to other aspects of the employment relationship, notably opportunities for career development and progression.
Case Study Comparing Multiple Irrigated Land Datasets in Arizona and Colorado, USA
Authors: Shi Hua , Auch Roger F. , Vogelmann James E. , Feng Min , Rigge Matthew , Senay Gabriel , Verdin James P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhile there are currently a number of irrigated land datasets available for the western United States (U.S.), there is uncertainty regarding in how they relate to each other. To help understand the characteristics of available irrigated datasets, we compared (1) the Cropland Data Layer (CDL), (2) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Irrigated Agriculture Dataset (IAD), (3) Digitized Irrigated Land (DIL), and (4) Consumptive Use for Irrigation (CUI) data in Arizona and Colorado, U.S. These datasets were derived from multiple sources at various spatial resolutions and temporal scales. We found spatial and temporal trends among all of them. The datasets showed decreases in irrigated land area in Arizona during the 2000–2010 time period. The change ranges and ratios were similar in all Arizona datasets. Irrigated land in Colorado decreased in DIL and CUI but increased in IAD and CDL. The agreement within the same type of dataset during different time periods was from 60% to 80% (R2from 0.35 to 0.72) in Arizona and from 50% to 80% (R2from 0.23 to 0.68) in Colorado. DIL had the highest agreement (80%) in both states. The agreement among different datasets acquired at approximately the same time frame ranged from 51% to 63% (R2from 0.14 to 0.31) in Arizona and from 47% to 69% (R2from 0.32 to 0.40) in Colorado. The results from this study support a greater understanding of the multiresolution and multitemporal nature of these datasets for various applications.
Integrative conservation genetics: Prioritizing populations using climate predictions, adaptive potential and habitat connectivity
Authors: Hoban Sean 
Published: February 2018

Conservation decisions often involve allocation of scarce resources among many areas of need. Various approaches exist to help prioritize species and populations for conservation. Past efforts have often used relatively narrow, one‐dimensional criteria, such as genetic resource value or exposure to threats. What is lacking is a refined, comprehensive prioritization approach including ecological and evolutionary aspects, informed by rich and reliable data. In this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, Razgour et al. () present a new prioritization framework that coherently integrates three dimensions of population vulnerability: exposure to change, sensitivity to change and range shift potential. They measure these dimensions for 10 populations of a European bat using a suite of advanced analysis methods that leverage genomic, environmental and occurrence data. Explicitly recognizing and quantifying the multidimensional nature of conservation priorities is a key advance because it enables a nuanced assessment of each population and identification of populations of high concern along all three dimensions. With some caveats and modifications, this framework could be a major step for conservation prioritization and intervention that is proactive and informed by evolutionary principles.
Population structure and antimicrobial susceptibility of Paenibacillus larvae isolates from American foulbrood cases in Apis mellifera in Japan
Authors: Ueno Yuichi , Yoshida Emi , Misumi Wakako , Watando Eri , Suzuki Kenta , Hirai Yuko , Okura Masatoshi , Osaki Makoto , Katsuda Ken , Takamatsu Daisuke 
Published: February 2018

SummaryPaenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of American foulbrood (AFB), the most destructive disease of the honey bee brood. In this study, we investigated the population structure and antimicrobial susceptibility of Japanese P. larvae using 100 isolates isolated between 1993 and 2017 in 17 prefectures. Using repetitive‐element PCR and multilocus sequence typing, isolates from diverse origins were classified into six genotypes, including the novel genotype ERIC II‐ST24. Among these genotypes, ERIC I‐ST15 is the most common in Japan, while ERIC II‐ST10 isolates were found to be increasing during the 2010s. Regardless of genotype or origin, all isolates were susceptible to the major antimicrobials used in the control of AFB, including mirosamicin and tylosin, which were approved for the prevention of AFB in Japan in 1999 and 2017 respectively. Despite nearly 20 years of use, mirosamicin is still effective against Japanese P. larvae in vitro; however, the development of AFB in honey bee colonies may not always be suppressed by this drug. The case information collected in this study provides insight into the conditions under which prophylactic medicine may not exert sufficient preventive effects in vivo.
Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor‐β/Smad‐mediated Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition by Celastrol Provides Protection against Bleomycin‐induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Divya Thomas , Velavan Bakthavatchalam , Sudhandiran Ganapasam 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe respiratory disease pulmonary fibrosis (PF), which is characterized by scar formation throughout the lung, imposes a serious health burden. No effective drug without side effects has been proven to prevent this fatal lung disease. In this context, this study was undertaken to elucidate the protective effect of celastrol, a quinine methide pentacyclic triterpenoid from a Chinese medicinal plant ‘thunder god vine’ against bleomycin (BLM)‐induced PF. We also attempted to study how the cytokine transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) stimulates fibrosis through the induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the role of celastrol in regulating EMT. TGF‐β (5 ng/ml) was administered to human alveolar epithelial adenocarcinoma A549 cells to induce fibrotic response in cells. Induction of EMT was analysed in cells through morphological analysis and expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers by Western blotting. Bleomycin at a concentration of 3 U/Kg b.w was used to induce fibrosis in adult male rat lungs. Celastrol (5 mg/kg b.w) was given to rats twice a week after BLM administration for a period of 28 days. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were performed with lung tissue sample to find out the potential of celastrol in regulating EMT during the progression of fibrosis. TGF‐β induces EMT in A549 cells as demonstrated by changes in epithelial cell morphology and expression of epithelial and mesenchymal marker proteins. The expressions of epithelial marker proteins E‐cadherin and claudin were found to be reduced in the BLM‐induced group of rats. Expression of mesenchymal markers, such as N‐cadherin, snail, slug, vimentin and β‐catenin, was enhanced in BLM‐induced rat lungs. Celastrol reverts these cellular changes in rat lungs, and it was found that celastrol regulates EMT through the inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90). Together, the results indicate that EMT is a crucial phenomenon for the progression of fibrosis, and celastrol provides protection against PF through the regulation of EMT.
A 5′ AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase Enzyme Activator, Compound 59, Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Weng Jing‐Ru , Dokla Eman M. E. , Bai Li‐Yuan , Chen Ching‐Shih , Chiu Shih‐Jiuan , Shieh Tzong‐Ming 
Published: February 2018

Abstract5′ AMP‐activated protein kinase enzyme (AMPK), a master regulator of cellular metabolism, is recognized for its association with various metabolic diseases, inflammation and cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of compound 59, an AMPK activator, in a panel of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. The antiproliferative effects of compound 59 were assessed by MTT assays, flow cytometry, Western blotting, confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Relative to OSCC cells, normal human oral keratinocytes were almost insensitive to compound 59 treatment. Compound 59 induced apoptosis as indicated by caspase activation and PARP cleavage. In addition, it inhibited JAK/STAT3 signalling, arrested cells in the G1 phase, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and promoted autophagy. Interestingly, pre‐treatment with a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PP2A) inhibitor, cantharidin, partially reversed compound 59‐induced down‐regulation of p‐JAK2 and p‐STAT3, thereby suggesting the involvement of a protein tyrosine phosphatase. Together, these findings substantiate the potential of compound 59 for the treatment of OSCC patients.
How trust and emotions influence policy acceptance: The case of the Irish water charges
Authors: Rodriguez‐Sanchez Carla , Schuitema Geertje , Claudy Marius , Sancho‐Esper Franco 
Published: February 2018

The introduction of new policies can evoke strong emotional reactions by the public. Yet, social‐psychological research has paid little attention to affective determinants of individual‐level policy acceptance. Building on recent theoretical and empirical advances around emotions and decision‐making, we evaluate how people's trust and integral emotions function as important antecedents of cognitive evaluations, and subsequent acceptance of policies. We test our hypotheses within a sample of Irish citizens (n = 505), who were subject to the introduction of water charges in 2015. In line with our hypotheses, results show that general trust in government shapes emotions regarding water charges, which in turn, directly and via expected costs and benefits, influence policy acceptance. Additionally, we find that negative emotions have a larger direct effect on policy acceptance than positive emotions. Specifically, ‘anger’ was the main negative emotion that influenced the acceptance of the water charge. We conclude by discussing directions for future research around emotions and policy acceptance.
Organizing pneumonia related to electronic cigarette use: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Khan Mohammad Saud , Khateeb Faisal , Akhtar Jamal , Khan Zubair , Lal Amos , Kholodovych Veronika , Hammersley Jeffrey 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveElectronic cigarettes (e cigarettes) are battery operated devices that produce aerosol by heating a solution typically made up of nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerin and flavouring agents. The use of e cigarettes has risen dramatically in recent years especially among adolescents and young adults. These devices have been marketed as safer alternatives to tobacco smoking by their manufactures despite lack of adequate safety data.MethodsWe present a case of 40‐year‐old female patient who developed significant pulmonary toxicity secondary to e cigarette use and searched existing literature relevant to the case.ResultsTo our knowledge this is the second reported case of organizing pneumonia and tenth reported case of pulmonary toxicity related to e cigarette use. Our patient presented with symptoms of worsening dyspnoea and intermittent chest pain for past 1 month. She reported increased use of e cigarettes during this time period to help her quit smoking. Patient developed acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. She was diagnosed with organizing pneumonia on open lung biopsy and was successfully treated with steroids along with abstinence from e cigarette use.ConclusionsAs the current data on health effects of e cigarettes is limited, case reports can serve important piece of information in this regard. The use of e cigarettes has increased exponentially in recent years and continue to rise; therefore, physicians should be aware of adverse effects and toxicity related to its use.
Evictions: A Global Capitalist Phenomenon
Authors: Soederberg Susanne 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTDespite its reach and impact, little scholarly attention has been granted to what is becoming a silent social tsunami of our times: evictions. Tens of millions of rental households across the globe, who are too poor to own their own dwellings, are continually exposed to the violence of contemporary capitalism marked by, among other things, a dangerous mix of impoverishment, austerity, debtfarism and speculation. These factors combined have greatly shaped the everyday lives of low‐income people, whose places of survival have become increasingly transformed into places of accumulation. This article uses Matthew Desmond's Pulitzer Prize‐winning book, Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City, as a platform for debate. It locates evictions within the broader political economy of capitalist development to elaborate on framings, trends and issues surrounding this dominant mode of displacement — beyond the borders of the United States.
Goodbye (Chinese) Shadow Banking, Hello Market‐based Finance
Authors: Gabor Daniela 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTShadow banking in developing and emerging countries (DECs) oscillates between two semantic poles. One definition is typically deployed by scholars for the narrow analysis of non‐bank financial intermediation as a viable alternative to banking. The other, more recent, definition circulates in the policy world to capture a new agenda of engineering (securities) market‐based finance. This article argues that this second definition captures the essential but neglected aspect of shadow banking in DECs. The ‘shadow banking into market‐based finance’ narrative reaffirms the celebratory tone of the financial globalization cum liberalization thesis dominant before the global financial crisis. It seeks to depoliticize contentious debates about capital flows and the constraints that financialized globalization poses to development, instead asking DECs to encourage portfolio flows, relax the regulatory grip on shadow funding markets and tap into the growing global demand for securities that marks the new age of asset management. China illustrates this argument well. In joining the global push for market‐based finance with the ambition to further its RMB internationalization agenda, China underestimates the (Minsky‐type) fragilities involved.
Genetic and genomic monitoring with minimally invasive sampling methods
Authors: Carroll Emma L. , Bruford Mike W. , DeWoody J. Andrew , Leroy Gregoire , Strand Alan , Waits Lisette , Wang Jinliang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe decreasing cost and increasing scope and power of emerging genomic technologies are reshaping the field of molecular ecology. However, many modern genomic approaches (e.g., RAD‐seq) require large amounts of high‐quality template DNA. This poses a problem for an active branch of conservation biology: genetic monitoring using minimally invasive sampling (MIS) methods. Without handling or even observing an animal, MIS methods (e.g., collection of hair, skin, faeces) can provide genetic information on individuals or populations. Such samples typically yield low‐quality and/or quantities of DNA, restricting the type of molecular methods that can be used. Despite this limitation, genetic monitoring using MIS is an effective tool for estimating population demographic parameters and monitoring genetic diversity in natural populations. Genetic monitoring is likely to become more important in the future as many natural populations are undergoing anthropogenically driven declines, which are unlikely to abate without intensive adaptive management efforts that often include MIS approaches. Here, we profile the expanding suite of genomic methods and platforms compatible with producing genotypes from MIS, considering factors such as development costs and error rates. We evaluate how powerful new approaches will enhance our ability to investigate questions typically answered using genetic monitoring, such as estimating abundance, genetic structure and relatedness. As the field is in a period of unusually rapid transition, we also highlight the importance of legacy data sets and recommend how to address the challenges of moving between traditional and next‐generation genetic monitoring platforms. Finally, we consider how genetic monitoring could move beyond genotypes in the future. For example, assessing microbiomes or epigenetic markers could provide a greater understanding of the relationship between individuals and their environment.
Structural mechanisms for the S‐nitrosylation‐derived protection of mouse galectin‐2 from oxidation‐induced inactivation revealed by NMR
Authors: Sakakura Masayoshi , Tamura Mayumi , Fujii Norihiko , Takeuchi Tomoharu , Hatanaka Tomomi , Kishimoto Seishi , Arata Yoichiro , Takahashi Hideo 
Published: February 2018

Galectin‐2 (Gal‐2) is a lectin thought to play protective roles in the gastrointestinal tract. Oxidation of mouse Gal‐2 (mGal‐2) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) results in the loss of sugar‐binding activity, whereas S‐nitrosylation of mGal‐2, which does not change its sugar‐binding profile, has been shown to protect the protein from H2O2‐induced inactivation. One of the two cysteine residues, C57, has been identified as being responsible for controlling H2O2‐induced inactivation; however, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. We performed structural analyses of mGal‐2 using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and found that residues near C57 experienced significant chemical shift changes following S‐nitrosylation, and that S‐nitrosylation slowed the H2O2‐induced aggregation of mGal‐2. We also revealed that S‐nitrosylation improves the thermal stability of mGal‐2 and that the solvent accessibility and/or local dynamics of residues near C57 and the local dynamics of the core‐forming residues in mGal‐2 are reduced by S‐nitrosylation. Structural models of Gal‐2 indicated that C57 is located in a hydrophobic pocket that can be plugged by S‐nitrosylation, which was supported by the NMR experiments. Based on these results, we propose two structural mechanisms by which S‐nitrosylation protects mGal‐2 from H2O2‐induced aggregation without changing its sugar‐binding profile: (a) stabilization of the hydrophobic pocket around C57 that prevents oxidation‐induced destabilization of the pocket, and (b) prevention of oxidation of C57 during the transiently unfolded state of the protein, in which the residue is exposed to H2O2.DatabaseNuclear magnetic resonance assignments for non‐S‐nitrosylated mGal‐2 and S‐nitrosylated mGal‐2 have been deposited in the BioMagResBank (http://www.bmrb.wisc.edu/) under ID code 27237 for non‐S‐nitrosylated mGal‐2 and ID code 27238 for S‐nitrosylated mGal‐2.
Contusion of the cervical spinal cord following dental treatment of a patient at risk to stroke: A case report
Authors: Barbe Anna Greta , Noack Michael Johannes , Barbe Michael Thomas , Nitschke Ina 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesIt is essential that especially elderly patients are correctly positioned in dental chairs, based on medical history and careful observation.MethodWe report a case where reclination of the patient's head resulted in weakness of the limbs.ResultsSubsequent investigation determined traumatic contusion of the cervical spinal cord.ConclusionsThis case highlights the need for accurate anamnesis, close observation and interdisciplinary communication to determine correct positioning. Exceptional circumstances necessitate speedy response to minimise adverse events in elderly patients.