bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Offender Treatment Skills and Approaches
Authors: Frost Andrew , Ware Jayson , Boer Douglas P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOffender work is generally carried out in a group setting, but programmes do not always take full advantage of the therapeutic potential of group treatment principles. This chapter briefly considers the highly developed literature on groupwork and presents a systematic application to sex offender treatment, not only as a vehicle by which to deliver programmes, but also as a complementary therapeutic instrument. This innovation involves the conscious and deliberate incorporation of knowledge and strategies associated with groupwork within the context of contemporary and emerging sex offender treatment principles. It suggests the need for explicit practitioner training and supervision to maximize the value of programmes through enhanced informed awareness of group dynamics and sensitivity to group processes. Practitioners should be equipped to act responsively to the treatment needs of the group and to draw on its latent energy. As contemporary approaches to offender rehabilitation are increasingly considering process matters, this is a timely deliberation.
Support and Accountability
Authors: Wilson Robin J. , Fox Kathryn J. , McWhinnie Andrew J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn spite of credible evidence to the contrary, a perspective remains that sexual violence remains a problem out of control. The past 30 years have seen advances in the assessment, treatment, and risk management of sex offenders, and government‐reported rates of reoffending are at all‐time lows. Central to these gains is the idea that interventions must not only restrict access to potential victims and high‐risk situations, but also promote the development of balanced, self‐determined lifestyles. A focus on strength‐based approaches, the rise of motivational interviewing, and greater collaboration amongst stakeholders has dramatically changed the risk management endeavour. An initiative that seeks to meld these important aspects is Circles of Support and Accountability, a restorative justice‐informed model of wraparound care for high‐risk/need sex offenders. Trained community volunteers collaborate with professionals to provide prosocial support to offenders while holding them accountable for their behaviour on re‐entry, with results showing significant reductions in post‐release reoffending in all domains.
Training and Supervision to Ensure Therapeutic Competency
Authors: Fernandez Yolanda M. , Ware Jayson 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn an era of increasing fiscal accountability, treatment programme managers and supervisors have been tasked with maximizing treatment effectiveness while ensuring financial efficiency. Efficiency, treatment integrity, and consistency in delivery are all improved by solid staff selection, training, and support. This chapter provides an overview of the competencies that managers should consider when selecting treatment staff, and also the importance of and types of training and support required to maintain programme fidelity and avoid the pitfalls of programme drift that are inevitable when front‐line staff are left unsupported. It is further noted that inclusion of non‐treatment staff is critical to the success of any programme. Attention and commitment to sound hiring, training, supervision, and support are critical to positive outcomes. This chapter provides some guidance to those responsible for the challenging undertaking of implementing, supervising, and maintaining treatment programmes for sex offenders.
Client‐Based Assessment of Need and Change
Authors: Serin Ralph C. , Hanby Laura J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis chapter provides evidence that sex offenders share many treatment needs with other offenders. It is also argued that clinicians should utilize systemic assessments of risk and needs but these could be augmented by a case‐specific assessment to provide a formulaic understanding of the sexual offences, thereby refining intervention and community supervision approaches. It is further suggested that the field has limited evidence of valid intra‐individual change constructs and measures, necessitating the need for both theoretical advances and empirical research.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 2′‐Trifluoromethylated Spiro‐pyrrolidine‐3,3′‐oxindoles via Squaramide‐Catalyzed Umpolung and 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition
Authors: Su Jinhuan , Ma Zelin , Li Xiaoyuan , Lin Li , Shen Zhiqiang , Yang Peiju , Li Yuan , Wang Hailin , Yan Wenjin , Wang Kairong , Wang Rui 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe introduction of a trifluoromethyl group into the 2′‐position of spiro‐pyrrolidine‐3,3′‐oxindoles is described. By using 1 mol% of a quinine‐derived squaramide as catalyst, the 2,2,2‐trfluoroethylamine (CF3CH2NH2)‐derived ketimine is transformed initially into a trifluoromethylimine through an umpolung reaction. The subsequent 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition gives the pharmaceutical important target compounds in excellent yields, enantioselectivities and diastereoselectivies.magnified image
Sliding on DNA: From Peptides to Small Molecules
Authors: Xiong Kan , Erwin Graham S. , Ansari Aseem Z. , Blainey Paul C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMany DNA binding proteins utilize one‐dimensional (1D) diffusion along DNA to accelerate their DNA target recognition. Although 1D diffusion of proteins along DNA has been studied for decades, a quantitative understanding is only beginning to emerge and few chemical tools are available to apply 1D diffusion as a design principle. Recently, we discovered that peptides can bind and slide along DNA—even transporting cargo along DNA. Such molecules are known as molecular sleds. Here, to advance our understanding of structure–function relationships governing sequence nonspecific DNA interaction of natural molecular sleds and to explore the potential for controlling sliding activity, we test the DNA binding and sliding activities of chemically modified peptides and analogs, and show that synthetic small molecules can slide on DNA. We found new ways to control molecular sled activity, novel small‐molecule synthetic sleds, and molecular sled activity in N‐methylpyrrole/N‐methylimidazole polyamides that helps explain how these molecules locate rare target sites.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Coupling between Cyclobutanones and Allenes: Rapid Synthesis of [3.2.2] Bicycles
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Dong Guangbin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHerein an intramolecular nickel‐catalyzed (4+2) coupling between cyclobutanones and allenes, by C−C cleavage, is reported. The reaction provides a distinct approach for accessing [3.2.2] bicyclic scaffolds which are challenging to prepare through conventional approaches. The reaction is efficient, chemoselective, and pH/redox neutral. Room temperature conditions and low catalyst loadings can be adopted. Excellent enantioselectivity is also achieved.
High‐angular resolution diffusion imaging tractography of cerebellar pathways from newborns to young adults
Authors: Re Thomas J. , Levman Jacob , Lim Ashley R. , Righini Andrea , Grant Patricia Ellen , Takahashi Emi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionMany neurologic and psychiatric disorders are thought to be due to, or result in, developmental errors in neuronal cerebellar connectivity. In this connectivity analysis, we studied the developmental time‐course of cerebellar peduncle pathways in pediatric and young adult subjects.MethodsA cohort of 80 subjects, newborns to young adults, was studied on a 3T MR system with 30 diffusion‐weighted measurements with high‐angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) tractography.ResultsQualitative and quantitative results were analyzed for age‐based variation. In subjects of all ages, the superior cerebellar peduncle pathway (SCP) and two distinct subpathways of the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), as described in previous ex vivo studies, were identified in vivo with this technique: pathways between the rostral pons and inferior‐lateral cerebellum (MCPcog), associated predominantly with higher cognitive function, and pathways between the caudal pons and superior‐medial cerebellum (MCPmot), associated predominantly with motor function.DiscussionOur findings showed that the inferior cerebellar peduncle pathway (ICP), involved primarily in proprioception and balance appears to have a later onset followed by more rapid development than that exhibited in other tracts. We hope that this study may provide an initial point of reference for future studies of normal and pathologic development of cerebellar connectivity.
Expanding the Scope of Chelating Triazolylidenes: Mesoionic Carbenes from the 1,5‐“Click”‐Regioisomer and Catalytic Synthesis of Secondary Amines from Nitroarenes
Authors: Suntrup Lisa , Hohloch Stephan , Sarkar Biprajit 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChelating 1,2,3‐triazolylidenes have been established as privileged ligands in homogeneous catalysis. We present herein a new approach towards chelating 1,2,3‐triazolylidene ligands based on the 1,5‐regioisomer of the corresponding triazole, which can be obtained through simple click chemistry. The new ligands are compared to their 1,4‐regioisomeric counterparts through coordination to the ruthenium p‐cymene fragment. The complexes are characterized structurally and spectroscopically and are employed as (pre)catalysts in the reductive condensation of nitroarenes and primary alcohols to yield secondary amines. The activity of chelating mesoionic carbene ligands obtained from the two different regioisomers of the triazoles are compared and contrasted in catalysis. The performance of the ruthenium complexes with mesoionic carbenes could be improved through the choice of the employed base and reaction conditions, giving rise to the most effective systems thus far. The results presented here prove the utility of chelating mesoionic carbenes as an extremely potent class of ligands for the synthesis of secondary amines from nitroarenes.
Activation of an Au−Cl Bond by a Pendent SbIII Lewis Acid: Impact on Structure and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Jones J. Stuart , Gabbai François P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWith the objective of identifying new coordination modes of ambiphilic ligands, we have investigated the bidentate Sb/P ligands (o‐(Ph2P)C6H4)SbCl2 (LCl) and (o‐(Ph2P)C6H4)SbPh2 (LPh). Reaction of these ligands with (tht)AuCl affords the monoligated species LClAuCl (1) and LPhAuCl (2), respectively, in which the antimony centers are only weakly engaged with the coordinated gold atom. Treatment of 1 with PPh3 induces an intramolecular transfer of a chloride ligand from gold to antimony to form the zwitterionic species o‐(Cl3Sb)C6H4(Ph2P)Au(PPh3) (3). Natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations show that the antimony and gold centers are involved in weak Sb→Au and Au→Sb interactions, the latter reflecting the Lewis acidity of the pendent antimony group. Finally, we demonstrate that the ability of the antimony center in 1 to abstract a gold‐bound chloride in the presence of a Lewis basic substrate may be utilized to activate the gold center for the electrophilic cycloisomerization of propargylic amides.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in 9‐Substituted 10‐Methylacridinium Ions
Authors: Tsudaka Takeshi , Kotani Hiroaki , Ohkubo Kei , Nakagawa Tatsuo , Tkachenko Nikolai V. , Lemmetyinen Helge , Fukuzumi Shunichi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA series of 9‐substituted 10‐methylacridinium ions (Acr+‐R) in which an electron‐donor moiety (R) is directly linked with an electron‐acceptor moiety (Acr+) at the 9‐position was synthesized, and the photodynamics was fully investigated to determine the rate constants of photoinduced electron transfer (ET) and back electron transfer. The driving forces of photoinduced electron transfer and back electron transfer were determined by means of electrochemical and photophysical measurements. The dependence of the ET rate constants on driving force was well analyzed in the light of the Marcus theory of ET. The quantum yields of formation of the triplet ET states vary significantly, depending on the interaction between the donor (R) and acceptor (Acr+) moieties. Among the Acr+‐R examined, the 9‐mesityl‐10‐methylacridinium ion (Acr+‐Mes) exhibits the best performance in terms of the lifetime of the triplet ET state and the quantum yield. Photoexcitation of Acr+‐Mes results in formation of the triplet ET state [3(Acr.‐Mes.+)], which has a long lifetime, a high energy (2.37 eV), and a high quantum yield (>75 %) in acetonitrile. The triplet ET state exhibits both the oxidizing and reducing activity of the Mes.+ and Acr. moieties, respectively.
Twisted Amides: From Obscurity to Broadly Useful Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions by N−C Amide Bond Activation
Authors: Liu Chengwei , Szostak Michal 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe concept of using amide bond distortion to modulate amidic resonance has been known for more than 75 years. Two classic twisted amides (bridged lactams) ingeniously designed and synthesized by Kirby and Stoltz to feature fully perpendicular amide bonds, and as a consequence emanate amino‐ketone‐like reactivity, are now routinely recognized in all organic chemistry textbooks. However, only recently the use of amide bond twist (distortion) has advanced to the general organic chemistry mainstream enabling a host of highly attractive N−C amide bond cross‐coupling reactions of broad synthetic relevance. In this Minireview, we discuss recent progress in this area and present a detailed overview of the prominent role of amide bond destabilization as a driving force in the development of transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions by N−C bond activation.
Experiment for validation of fluid‐structure interaction models and algorithms
Authors: Hessenthaler A. , Gaddum N. R. , Holub O. , Sinkus R. , Röhrle O. , Nordsletten D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper a fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) experiment is presented. The aim of this experiment is to provide a challenging yet easy‐to‐setup FSI test case that addresses the need for rigorous testing of FSI algorithms and modeling frameworks. Steady‐state and periodic steady‐state test cases with constant and periodic inflow were established. Focus of the experiment is on biomedical engineering applications with flow being in the laminar regime with Reynolds numbers 1283 and 651. Flow and solid domains were defined using computer‐aided design (CAD) tools. The experimental design aimed at providing a straightforward boundary condition definition. Material parameters and mechanical response of a moderately viscous Newtonian fluid and a nonlinear incompressible solid were experimentally determined. A comprehensive data set was acquired by using magnetic resonance imaging to record the interaction between the fluid and the solid, quantifying flow and solid motion.
A performance, power, and energy analysis of ultrasound B‐mode imaging on a GPU with VFS
Authors: Phuong Thi Yen , Lee Deok‐Young , Lee Jeong‐Gun 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBecause of the power and energy constraints in modern computing systems, it is important to find a balance between performance and power/energy consumption to produce not only energy efficient portable devices but also reliable computing systems. In this paper, we present an analytical investigation of the performance and power/energy consumption of a well‐known medical application, “ultrasound B‐mode imaging,” which is implemented on modern commercial graphics processing units (GPUs). With this target application, we investigate the impact of GPU hardware features on performance, power, and energy by experimentally applying voltage and frequency scaling on various GPU devices. Based on our results, we mathematically build a performance prediction model to show the analytical relationship between the architectural features of those GPUs and the application performance. Our results show that the performance prediction model has errors of less than 8.71% and that there exists an energy‐optimal point in the design space spanned by the core clock frequency. We expect that our model can help engineers to design an ultrasound diagnosis system with the most suitable GPU that satisfies cost, performance, and power/energy constraints.
An optimized magnetostatic field solver on GPU using open computing language
Authors: Khan Fiaz Gul , Montrucchio Bartolomeo , Jan Bilal , Khan Abdul Nasir , Jadoon Waqas , Shamshirband Shahaboddin , Chronopoulos Anthony Theodore , Khan Iftikhar Ahmed 
Published: November 2016

SummaryRecent graphic processing units (GPUs) have remarkable raw computing power, which can be used for very computationally challenging problems. Like in micromagnetic simulations, where the magnetostatic field computation to analyze the magnetic behavior at very small time and space scale demands a huge computation time. This paper presents a multidimensional FFT‐based parallel implementation of a magnetostatic field computation on GPUs. We have developed a specialized 3D FFT library for magnetostatic field calculation on GPUs. This made it possible to fully exploit the symmetries inherent in the field calculation and other optimizations specific to the GPUs architecture. We have compared our results with the widely used CPU‐based parallel OOMMF program and with an equivalent serial implementation on CPU. The results have shown a speedup of up to 95x and 8.7x for single and 66x and 4.6x for double precision floating point accuracy against equivalent serial implementation and OOMMF, respectively.
Investigating the Potential of Single‐Walled Aluminosilicate Nanotubes in Water Desalination
Authors: Liou Kai‐Hsin , Kang Dun‐Yen , Lin Li‐Chiang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWater shortage has become a critical issue. To facilitate the large‐scale deployment of reverse‐osmosis water desalination to produce fresh water, discovering novel membranes is essential. Here, we computationally demonstrate the great potential of single‐walled aluminosilicate nanotubes (AlSiNTs), materials that can be synthesized through scalable methods, in desalination. State‐of‐the‐art molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the desalination performance and structure–performance relationship of AlSiNTs. Free energy profiles, passage time distribution, and water density map were also analyzed to further understand the dependence of transport properties on diameter and water dynamics in the nanotubes. AlSiNTs with an inner diameter of 0.86 nm were found to fully reject NaCl ions while allowing orders of magnitude higher water fluxes compared to currently available reverse osmosis membranes, providing opportunities in water desalination.
Sexual size dimorphism in musteloids: An anomalous allometric pattern is explained by feeding ecology
Authors: Noonan Michael J. , Johnson Paul J. , Kitchener Andrew C. , Harrington Lauren A. , Newman Chris , Macdonald David W. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRensch's rule states that sexual size dimorphism (SSD) increases with body size in taxa where males are larger, and decreases when females are larger. The dominant explanation for the trend is currently that competitive advantage for males is greater in larger individuals, whereas female size is constrained by the energetics of rearing offspring. This rule holds for a variety of vertebrate taxa, and opposing trends are rare. We examine the allometry ofSSDwithin the Musteloidea and demonstrate a hypo‐allometry contrary to Rensch's rule, with lowerSSDassociated with larger body size. We provide evidence that feeding ecology is involved. Where diet promotes group‐living, the optimal strategy for the males of larger species is often not to attempt to defend access to multiple females, obviating any competitive advantage of relatively greater size. We conclude that the effect of feeding ecology on mating systems may be a hitherto neglected factor explaining variation inSSD.
Functional traits determine heterospecific use of risk‐related social information in forest birds of tropical South‐East Asia
Authors: Hua Fangyuan , Yong Ding Li , Janra Muhammad Nazri , Fitri Liza M. , Prawiradilaga Dewi , Sieving Kathryn E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn birds and mammals, mobbing calls constitute an important form of social information that can attract numerous sympatric species to localized mobbing aggregations. While such a response is thought to reduce the future predation risk for responding species, there is surprisingly little empirical evidence to support this hypothesis. One way to test the link between predation risk reduction and mobbing attraction involves testing the relationship between species’ attraction to mobbing calls and the functional traits that define their vulnerability to predation risk. Two important traits known to influence prey vulnerability include relative prey‐to‐predator body size ratio and the overlap in space use between predator and prey; in combination, these measures strongly influence prey accessibility, and therefore their vulnerability, to predators. Here, we combine community surveys with behavioral experiments of a diverse bird assemblage in the lowland rainforest of Sumatra to test whether the functional traits of body mass (representing body size) and foraging height (representing space use) can predict species’ attraction to heterospecific mobbing calls. At four forest sites along a gradient of forest degradation, we characterized the resident bird communities using point count and mist‐netting surveys, and determined the species groups attracted to standardized playbacks of mobbing calls produced by five resident bird species of roughly similar body size and foraging height. We found that (1) a large, diverse subcommunity of bird species was attracted to the mobbing calls and (2) responding species (especially the most vigorous respondents) tended to be (a) small (b) mid‐storey foragers (c) with similar trait values as the species producing the mobbing calls. Our findings from the relatively lesser known bird assemblages of tropical Asia add to the growing evidence for the ubiquity of heterospecific information networks in animal communities, and provide empirical support for the long‐standing hypothesis that predation risk reduction is a major benefit of mobbing information networks.
The Andes Cordillera. Part IV: spatio‐temporal freshwater run‐off distribution to adjacent seas (1979–2014)
Authors: Mernild Sebastian H. , Liston Glen E. , Hiemstra Christopher , Beckerman Andrew P. , Yde Jacob C. , McPhee James 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe spatio‐temporal freshwater river run‐off pattern from individual basins, including their run‐off magnitude and change (1979/1980–2013/2014), was simulated for the Andes Cordillera west of the Continental Divide in an effort to understand run‐off variations and freshwater fluxes to adjacent fjords, Pacific Ocean, and Drake Passage. The modelling tool SnowModel/HydroFlow was applied to simulate river run‐off at 3‐h intervals to resolve the diurnal cycle and at 4‐km horizontal grid increments using atmospheric forcing from NASA Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data sets. Simulated river run‐off hydrographs were verified against independent observed hydrographs. For the domain, 86% of the simulated run‐off originated from rain, 12% from snowmelt, and 2% from ice melt, whereas for Chile, the water‐source distribution was 69, 24, and 7%, respectively. Along the Andes Cordillera, the 35‐year mean basin outlet‐specific run‐off (L s−1 km−2) showed a characteristic regional hourglass shape pattern with highest run‐off in both Colombia and Ecuador and in Patagonia, and lowest run‐off in the Atacama Desert area. An Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis identified correlations between the spatio‐temporal pattern of run‐off and flux to the El Niño Southern Oscillation Index and to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.