bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnoseleistung des MelaFind‐Geräts im klinischen Alltag
Authors: Fink Christine , Jaeger Claudia , Jaeger Katharina , Haenssle Holger A. 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungHintergrundMelaFind ist ein multispektrales, Computer‐gestütztes Bildgebungssystem, das Zusatzinformationen zu melanozytären Läsionen mit Verdacht auf ein Melanom liefern soll, indem es deren dreidimensionale Morphologie objektiv bewertet.ZieleDie Analyse der Diagnoseleistung von MelaFind unter klinischen Alltagsbedingungen.Patienten und MethodikIn dieser Beobachtungsstudie wurden 360 pigmentierte Hautläsionen (PHL) bei 111 Patienten durch niedergelassene Dermatologen mit MelaFind bewertet. PHL mit Werten ≥ 2 wurden als verdächtig für Melanom angesehen. Die Entscheidung für die chirurgische Exzision lag im Ermessen der untersuchenden Dermatologen.ErgebnisseMelaFind‐Werte ≥ 2 wurden bei 147 der 360 PHL (40,8 %) beobachtet. Bei drei von 107 exzidierten Läsionen mit einem MelaFind‐Wert ≥ 2 wurde ein Melanom diagnostiziert; 53 (49,5 %) der Läsionen stellten sich als dysplastische Nävi heraus. Bei den biopsierten Läsionen (n = 113) betrugen Sensitivität und Spezifität von MelaFind 100 % beziehungsweise 5,5 %. Zwar könnte hinsichtlich des gesamten Datensatzes (n = 360) eine höhere Spezifität von 68,5 % angenommen werden, diese Annahme ist jedoch aufgrund unvollständiger Nachsorgedaten, die zur Bestätigung der Gutartigkeit nicht‐exzidierter Läsionen erforderlich wären, limitiert.SchlussfolgerungenDie hohe Sensitivität von MelaFind unterstützte die Erkennung von Melanomen. Insgesamt waren die Resultate für Spezifität und das Verhältnis von exzidierten gutartigen zu exzidierten bösartigen Läsionen akzeptabel. Diese Parameter könnten durch höhere Schwellenwerte für Exzisionsbiopsien sowie eine strengere Auswahl der PHL für die MelaFind‐Untersuchung verbessert werden.
Fludrocortisone therapy for persistent hyperkalaemia
Authors: Dobbin S. J. H. , Petrie J. R. , Lean M. E. J. , McKay G. A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundType 4 renal tubular acidosis causes hyperkalaemia, for which diabetes and medications commonly used in this patient group are aetiological factors. Here we describe the novel use of fludrocortisone in this difficult condition.Case ReportA 55‐year‐old woman with complex co‐morbidities, including Type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 37 mmol/mol 5.5%), was admitted with renal failure. Bloods on admission: eGFR 25 ml/min, creatinine 184 ?mol/L, urea 35.9 mmol/L, sodium 128 mmol/L, potassium 5.6 mmol/L, bicarbonate 15 mmol/L, and albumin 30 g/L. Her admission was prolonged, complicated by hospital‐acquired sepsis (lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, and infected leg ulcers), poor venous access and severe depression. She had recurrent hyperkalaemia and deteriorating renal function, from presumed Type 4 renal tubular acidosis and excessive fluid losses from leg ulcers. Her renal function recurrently deteriorated, despite conventional treatment methods. After 69 days, she was commenced on fludrocortisone 50 mcg/day. Her renal function and serum potassium stabilized and she was discharged with potassium 4.3 mmol/L, eGFR 42 ml/min, and bicarbonate 23 mmol/L. She has remained stable on this treatment, without requiring further hospital admission for over 6 months, with eGFR 40 ml/min, and potassium 5.5 mmol/L, and albumin 26 g/L.ConclusionThis woman was presumed to have Type 4 renal tubular acidosis and recurrent hyperkalaemia due to renal insufficiency, in the context of underlying diabetes and chronic kidney disease, which was poorly responsive to conventional management. There is limited evidence for using fludrocortisone in this setting. Our case suggests that fludrocortisone might offer a novel therapeutic strategy when conventional management is not working.
Assessing the diet of North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) off the West Greenland coast using gut content and stable isotope analyses
Authors: Dixon Heather J. , Dempson J. Brian , Sheehan Timothy F. , Renkawitz Mark D. , Power Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInvestigations on the marine feeding of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) in the Northwest Atlantic are limited compared with the Northeast Atlantic. Climate‐induced changes to food webs in Atlantic salmon feeding areas have been noted, alongside increased mortality despite a cessation of most marine fisheries. As forage efficiency may be hampering survival, it was important to address this knowledge gap. Atlantic salmon were sampled at three sites on the West Greenland coast (Sisimiut, Nuuk and Qaqortoq) between 2009 and 2011. Gut content and stable isotope analyses were combined to assess spatial and temporal differences in feeding. Capelin (Mallotus villosus) dominated the diet at Nuuk and Qaqortoq, whereas boreoatlantic armhook squid (Gonatus fabricii) was the dominant prey at Sisimiut. Hyperiid amphipods (Themistospp.) and sand lance (Ammodytesspp.) were also important. Significant differences were found among sites for both gut contents and stable isotope analyses, with fewer differences evident temporally. Dietary differences were also evident across larger scales, with little overlap demonstrated with Northeast Atlantic diets and the emergence of boreoatlantic armhook squid as an important prey item over time. Atlantic salmon diets are frequently anchored on one or two prey items, on which they appear to specialize, but they will diversify to consume other available pelagic prey. Thus, Atlantic salmon are an opportunistic, generalist predator within the pelagic food web. The variability evident in diet suggests that the limited data available are insufficient to appropriately understand potential vulnerabilities that the species may have to ecosystem changes, and suggest further research is needed.
Climate and productivity shape fish and invertebrate community structure in subarctic lakes
Authors: Hayden Brian , Myllykangas Jukka‐Pekka , Rolls Robert J. , Kahilainen Kimmo K. 
Published: April 2017

Summary

Climate change and land‐use intensification are increasing productivity in subarctic lakes. Simultaneously, fish and invertebrate species adapted to temperate conditions are expanding their range northwards into subarctic habitats. Community level studies are required to predict long‐term effects of these dual stressors on subarctic freshwater ecosystems.

We conducted a space‐for‐time study examining the fish, benthic invertebrate and pelagic zooplankton communities in littoral, profundal and pelagic habitats in 19 subarctic lakes situated on a temperature, land‐use and productivity gradient in northern Europe.

Fish density (ranging between 0.5 and 150.5 fish per net series h−1) and biomass (range between 92 and 5,147 g per net series h−1) increased significantly with increasing lake temperature and productivity. This was associated with significantly decreasing body size (26 to 12 cm total length; 174 to 19 g body mass) and a shift in fish community structure from salmonid (Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus, whitefish Coregonus lavaretus), to percid (ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua, perch Perca fluviatilis) and ultimately cyprinid (roach Rutilus rutilus, bleak Alburnus alburnus) dominance. Changes in fish community composition were most apparent in littoral and pelagic zones.

Benthic macroinvertebrate density peaked in mesotrophic lakes, zooplankton density was highest at either end of the gradient, indicating habitat specific differences in predation pressure and top‐down control. Body size of zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates was negatively related to temperature and productivity.

These results suggest that climate change and intensification of land‐use practices are gradually turning subarctic lakes into warmer, less transparent and more productive systems harbouring abundant, small‐sized and warmer adapted communities.
Bimodal fire regimes unveil a global‐scale anthropogenic fingerprint
Authors: Benali Akli , Mota Bernardo , Carvalhais Nuno , Oom Duarte , Miller Lee M. , Campagnolo Manuel L. , Pereira José M. C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimWhile fire is recognized as an integral part of the Earth system, the ability of humans to shape fire regimes both spatially and temporally remains poorly understood. Our goals were to identify the extent of fire regimes exhibiting two annual fire seasons and to investigate the environmental correlates of such regimes at the global scale.LocationAll areas of the globe exhibiting relevant fire activity, at 0.5º spatial resolution.Time period2002‐2012.Major taxa studied(not applicable).MethodsThe modality of fire seasonality at the global scale was classified using a 10‐year record of satellite‐derived fire activity and model fitting of circular statistical distributions. The main environmental correlates controlling global fire regimes were then analysed over bimodal and unimodal areas using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.ResultsAbout 25% of the global land surface with relevant fire activity has two significantly distinct fire seasons per year, with at least one of these seasons occurring under sub‐optimal fire weather conditions. In these bimodal areas, population density and the fraction of fires occurring in actively managed land, especially in croplands and pastures, are significantly higher than in neighbouring unimodal areas. Results reveal that through these land‐use and management practices humans have a strong influence on global patterns of fire seasonality.Main conclusionsWe identified a bimodal seasonality pattern, previously unreported at the global scale, and show that it reveals an anthropogenic fingerprint on fire regimes. Insights into where and when fire is actively employed as a land management tool enhance our understanding of the role of fire in the Earth system, and highlight the need to better understand how fire practices may change in the future.
Mining for pairs: shared clinic visit dates identify steadyHIV‐positive partnerships
Authors: Marzel A , Shilaih M , Turk T , Campbell NK , Yang W‐L , Böni J , Yerly S , Klimkait T , Aubert V , Furrer H , Calmy A , Battegay M , Cavassini M , Bernasconi E , Schmid P , Metzner KJ , Günthard HF , Kouyos RD ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS)
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesHere we examined the hypothesis that some stableHIV‐infected partnerships can be found in cohort studies, as the patients frequently attend the clinic visits together.MethodsUsing mathematical approximations and shuffling to derive the probabilities of sharing a given number of visits by chance, we identified and validated couples that may represent either transmission pairs or serosorting couples in a stable relationship.ResultsWe analysed 434 432 visits for 16 139 SwissHIVCohort Study patients from 1990 to 2014. For 89 pairs, the number of shared visits exceeded the number expected. Of these, 33 transmission pairs were confirmed on the basis of three criteria: an extensive phylogenetic tree, a self‐reported steadyHIV‐positive partnership, and risk group affiliation. Notably, 12 of the validated transmission pairs (36%; 12 of 33) were of a mixed ethnicity with a large median age gap [17.5 years; interquartile range (IQR) 11.8−22 years] and these patients harbouredHIV‐1 of predominantly non‐B subtypes, suggesting imported infections.ConclusionsIn the context of the surge in research interest inHIVtransmission pairs, this simple method widens the horizons of research on within‐pair quasi‐species exchange, transmitted drug resistance and viral recombination at the biological level and targeted prevention at the public health level.
Dental students’ knowledge regarding the indications for antibiotics in the management of endodontic infections
Authors: Martín‐Jiménez M. , Martín‐Biedma B. , López‐López J. , Alonso‐Ezpeleta O. , Velasco‐Ortega E. , Jiménez‐Sánchez M. C. , Segura‐Egea J. J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo determine the knowledge of undergraduate Spanish dental students regarding the indications of systemic antibiotics in the management of endodontic infections.MethodologyThe final year dental students from four Spanish dental schools were requested to answer a one‐page questionnaire on the indications for systemic antibiotics in the treatment of endodontic infections. One hundred and seventy‐five students were asked to participate in this research. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi‐square test.ResultsOne hundred and four students (93.7%) completed satisfactorily the survey and were included in the study. The average duration of antibiotic therapy was 7.0 ± 2.0 days. All respondents chose amoxicillin as the first‐choice antibiotic in patients with no medical allergies, alone (47%) or associated with clavulanic acid (53%). The first drug of choice for patients with an allergy to penicillin was clindamycin 300 mg (99%). For cases of irreversible pulpitis, up to 63% of students would prescribe antibiotics. For the scenario of a necrotic pulp, symptomatic apical periodontitis and no swelling, 44% would prescribe antibiotics. Almost 40% of students would prescribe antibiotics for necrotic pulps with asymptomatic apical periodontitis and a sinus tract.ConclusionsIt is necessary for the Spanish schools of dentistry to improve students’ knowledge about antibiotics and their indications in endodontics. Interactive education analysing real endodontic cases using problem‐based learning would help students acquire better skills in prescribing antibiotics in pulp–periapical pathosis.
Native casein micelles as nanocarriers for β‐carotene: pH‐and temperature‐induced opening of the micellar structure
Authors: Moeller Henrike , Martin Dierk , Schrader Katrin , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Lorenzen Peter Chr. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryTo apply native casein micelles (CM) as nanocarriers for lipophilic substances in non‐ or low‐fat food products, they have to be conditioned before loading. In this study, an experimental set‐up for the production and loading of CM was developed. Microfiltration was used to separate CM from skimmed milk. To identify optimal loading conditions temperatures (2, 20, 40 °C), pH values (6.8 and 5.5) and holding times (5, 15, 30, 60 min) were varied. The release of calcium, phosphate and protein from the micellar phase as well as static light scattering and transmission electron microscopy showed that CM were optimally primed at 2 °C and a pH of 5.5 for 5 min. Therefore, loading with β‐carotene was performed under those conditions. After the back‐extraction of β‐carotene, the photometrical analyses revealed total recovery rates of >79% whereby 94% of it was associated with the native CM.
Intravesical prostatic protrusion can predict therapeutic response to silodosin in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Ishida Shohei , Majima Tsuyoshi , Funahashi Yasuhito , Sassa Naoto , Kato Masashi , Yoshino Yasushi , Gotoh Momokazu 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the predicting factors of therapeutic response to α1‐blockers in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostate enlargement based on a urodynamic study.MethodsThis was a prospective study involving 125 outpatients with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostate enlargement. They received 8 mg of silodosin for 12 months. International Prostate Symptom Score, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life assessment, and urodynamic study were used to assess subjective and objective symptoms. Patient age, prostate‐specific antigen level, prostate volume, International Prostate Symptom Score, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, maximum flow rate and post‐void residual urine volume, and intravesical prostatic protrusion were investigated as potential parameters to predict the therapeutic response. Baseline parameters that influenced the improvement of International Prostate Symptom Score and bladder outlet obstruction were statistically analyzed.ResultsA total of 103 patients with mean age of 69.2 years and mean prostate volume of 46.8 mL were included in the analysis. A total of 39 patients (37.9%) showed insignificant improvement in International Prostate Symptom Score (<25%), whereas 36 patients (35.0%) showed insufficient improvement in bladder outlet obstruction index (less than 25%). Prostate volume, maximum flow rate and intravesical prostatic protrusion were independent predictors of ineffective treatment. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, intravesical prostatic protrusion was found to be the only factor related to improvement of both the International Prostate Symptom Score and bladder outlet obstruction. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis showed that intravesical prostatic protrusion was the only significant factor for predicting improvement of the International Prostate Symptom Score (r = −0.56, P < 0.001) and bladder outlet obstruction (r = −0.59, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIntravesical prostatic protrusion can be considered a useful predictor of therapeutic response to silodosin for subjective symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostate enlargement.
Spatially Balanced Sampling: A Review and A Reappraisal
Authors: Benedetti Roberto , Piersimoni Federica , Postiglione Paolo 
Published: April 2017

SummarySpatially distributed data exhibit particular characteristics that should be considered when designing a survey of spatial units. Unfortunately, traditional sampling designs generally do not allow for spatial features, even though it is usually desirable to use information concerning spatial dependence in a sampling design. This paper reviews and compares some recently developed randomised spatial sampling procedures, using simple random sampling without replacement as a benchmark for comparison. The approach taken is design‐based and serves to corroborate intuitive arguments about the need to explicitly integrate spatial dependence into sampling survey theory. Some guidance for choosing an appropriate spatial sampling design is provided, and some empirical evidence for the gains from using these designs with spatial populations is presented, using two datasets as illustrations.
Deeper Pockets, Deeper Pleasure?
Authors: Warner Jamie , Dobromyrova Olga , Shay Dana , Wang Qing 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
If you are looking to impress with your next purchase of Scotch, Jamie Warner, Olga Dobromyrova, Dana Shay, and Qing Wang suggest you find a bottle with moderate floral notes – but be prepared to spend a little extra cash
Hydrothermal‐carbothermal synthesis of highly sinterable AlN nanopowders
Authors: Xiang Ming , Zhou Youfu , Xu Wentao , Huang Decai , Wang Kun , Pan Wei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAluminum nitride (AlN) nanopowders have been synthesized by a novel method which combines the hydrothermal and carbothermal techniques. The phase of the nitridation products can be controlled through adjusting the carbon content of precursor by adding different amount of urea (U). The nitridation product synthesized from the precursor (U/Al=2) was comprised of spherical and well‐distributed particles with sizes ranging from 50 to 100 nm. The nitridation procedure was investigated in detail withTG/DSC,XRD, andTEMmeasurements. It was found that the core‐matrix structured Al2O3/C mixture presents after pyrolysis, favoring the nitridation completed at low temperature, and brings in temperature independency for AlN grain size. Finally, the additive‐free AlN ceramic with 99.08% relative density has been achieved by pressureless sintering at 1850°C.
Thermoelectric properties and stability of glasses in the Cu‐As‐Te system
Authors: Vaney Jean‐Baptiste , Carreaud Julie , Morin Cédric , Delaizir Gaëlle , Piarristeguy Andrea , Colas Maggy , Cornette Julie , Le Parc Rozenn , Alleno Eric , Monnier Judith , Ribes Michel , Escalier Raphaël , Pradel Annie , Pereira Gonçalves Antonio , Branco Lopes Elsa , Candolfi Christophe , Lenoir Bertrand 
Published: April 2017

AbstractChalcogenide glasses and more importantly their glass‐ceramics counterparts have been an interesting but very peculiar class of thermoelectric materials, with inherently low thermal conductivity (<0.3 W/m·K). In this study, we report on the fabrication of glasses in the ternary system Cu‐As‐Te (CuxAs55−xTe45 [5≤x≤20], Cu15As85−yTey [45≤y≤70], and Cu20As80−yTey [45≤y≤65]) by melt‐quenching and subsequent spark plasma sintering treatment. Their thermal and structural properties have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy, leading to give insights into the structural evolution of the glassy matrix. Coupling this information with the analysis of their electrical transport properties allowed us to deepen further our understanding of the compositional effect on their thermoelectric properties, and indirectly how the evolution of their electronic band structure is at play. Despite exhibiting low ZT values by themselves, Cu‐As‐Te glasses may still be interesting candidates for thermoelectricity through partial crystallization for which knowing the relationship between composition and properties remains essential.
Educators’ evaluations of children's ideas on the social exclusion of classmates with intellectual and learning disabilities
Authors: Nowicki Elizabeth A , Brown Jason D , Dare Lynn 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundReasons underlying the social exclusion of children with intellectual or learning disabilities are not entirely understood. Although it is important to heed the voices of children on this issue, it is also important to consider the degree to which these ideas are informed. The present authors invited educators to evaluate the content of children's ideas on the causes of social exclusion.MethodEducators thematically sorted and rated children's ideas on why classmates with intellectual or learning disabilities are socially excluded. Sorted data were analysed with multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis.ResultsSix thematic clusters were identified differing in content to those provided by children in an earlier study. Educators generally rated children's ideas as showing somewhat uninformed ideas about why social exclusion occurs.ConclusionsEducators indicated that children need to be better informed about intellectual and learning disabilities. Limitations and implications are discussed.