bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Treponemal Immunoassay Signal Strength Values with Reactivity of Confirmatory Treponemal Testing
Authors: Fakile Yetunde F. , Jost Heather , Hoover Karen W. , Gustafson Kathleen J. , Novak-Weekley Susan M. , Schapiro Jeff M. , Tran Anthony , Chow Joan M. , Park Ina U. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Automated treponemal immunoassays are used for syphilis screening with the reverse-sequence algorithm; discordant results (e.g., enzyme immunoassay [EIA] reactive and reactive plasma reagin [RPR] nonreactive) are resolved with a second treponemal test. We conducted a study to determine automated immunoassay signal strength values consistently correlating with reactive confirmatory treponemal testing. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of four automated immunoassays (BioPlex 2200 microbead immunoassay [MBIA], Liaison chemiluminescence immunoassay [CIA], Advia-Centaur CIA, and Trep-Sure EIA) and three manual assays (
Treponema pallidum
particle agglutination [TP-PA], fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption [FTA-ABS] test, and Inno-LIA line immunoassay). We compared signal strength values of automated immunoassays and positive and negative agreement. Among 1,995 specimens, 908 (45.5%) were true positives (≥4/7 tests reactive) and 1,087 (54.5%) were true negatives (≥4/7 tests nonreactive). Positive agreement ranged from 86.1% (83.7 to 88.2%) for FTA-ABS to 99.7% (99.0 to 99.9%) for Advia-Centaur CIA; negative agreement ranged from 86.3% (84.1 to 88.2%) for Trep-Sure EIA to 100% for TP-PA (99.6 to 100%). Increasing signal strength values correlated with increasing reactivity of confirmatory testing (
P
< 0.0001 for all automated immunoassays by Cochran-Armitage test for trend). All automated immunoassays had signal strength cutoffs corresponding to ≥4/7 reactive treponemal tests. BioPlex MBIA and Liaison CIA had signal strength cutoffs correlating with ≥99% and 100% TP-PA reactivity, respectively. The Advia-Centaur CIA and Trep-Sure EIA had signal strength cutoffs correlating with at least 95% TP-PA reactivity. All automated immunoassays had signal strength cutoffs correlating with at least 95% FTA-ABS reactivity. Assuming that a 95% level of confirmation is adequate, these signal strength values can be used in lieu of confirmatory testing with TP-PA and FTA-ABS.
Myeloid Dendritic Cells Repress Human Cytomegalovirus Gene Expression and Spread by Releasing Interferon-Unrelated Soluble Antiviral Factors
Authors: Kasmapour Bahram , Kubsch Tobias , Rand Ulfert , Eiz-Vesper Britta , Messerle Martin , Vondran Florian W. R. , Wiegmann Bettina , Haverich Axel , Cicin-Sain Luka 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a betaherpesvirus that latently infects most adult humans worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. Latent human CMV (HCMV) is believed to reside in precursors of myeloid-lineage leukocytes and monocytes, which give rise to macrophages and dendritic cells (DC). We report here that human monocyte-derived DC (mo-DC) suppress HCMV infection in coculture with infected fibroblast target cells in a manner dependent on the effector-to-target ratio. Intriguingly, optimal activation of mo-DC was achieved under coculture conditions and not by direct infection with HCMV, implying that mo-DC may recognize unique molecular patterns on, or within, infected fibroblasts. We show that HCMV is controlled by secreted factors that act by priming defenses in target cells rather than by direct viral neutralization, but we excluded a role for interferons (IFNs) in this control. The expression of lytic viral genes in infected cells and the progression of infection were significantly slowed, but this effect was reversible, indicating that the control of infection depended on the transient induction of antiviral effector molecules in target cells. Using immediate early or late-phase reporter HCMVs, we show that soluble factors secreted in the cocultures suppress HCMV replication at both stages of the infection and that their antiviral effects are robust and comparable in numerous batches of mo-DC as well as in primary fibroblasts and stromal cells.

IMPORTANCE
Human cytomegalovirus is a widespread opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe disease and complications in vulnerable individuals. This includes newborn children, HIV AIDS patients, and transplant recipients. Although the majority of healthy humans carry this virus throughout their lives without symptoms, it is not exactly clear which tissues in the body are the main reservoirs of latent virus infection or how the delicate balance between the virus and the immune system is maintained over an individual's lifetime. Here, for the first time, we provide evidence for a novel mechanism of direct virus control by a subset of human innate immune cells called dendritic cells, which are regarded as a major site of virus latency and reactivation. Our findings may have important implications in HCMV disease prevention as well as in development of novel therapeutic approaches.
Functional Carboxy-Terminal Fluorescent Protein Fusion to Pseudorabies Virus Small Capsid Protein VP26
Authors: Hogue Ian B. , Jean Jolie , Esteves Andrew D. , Tanneti Nikhila S. , Scherer Julian , Enquist Lynn W. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Fluorescent protein fusions to herpesvirus capsids have proven to be a valuable method to study virus particle transport in living cells. Fluorescent protein fusions to the amino terminus of small capsid protein VP26 are the most widely used method to visualize pseudorabies virus (PRV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) particles in living cells. However, these fusion proteins do not incorporate to full occupancy and have modest effects on virus replication and pathogenesis. Recent cryoelectron microscopy studies have revealed that herpesvirus small capsid proteins bind to capsids via their amino terminus, whereas the carboxy terminus is unstructured and therefore may better tolerate fluorescent protein fusions. Here, we describe a new recombinant PRV expressing a carboxy-terminal VP26-mCherry fusion. Compared to previously characterized viruses expressing amino-terminal fusions, this virus expresses more VP26 fusion protein in infected cells and incorporates more VP26 fusion protein into virus particles, and individual virus particles exhibit brighter red fluorescence. We performed single-particle tracking of fluorescent virus particles in primary neurons to measure anterograde and retrograde axonal transport, demonstrating the usefulness of this novel VP26-mCherry fusion for the study of viral intracellular transport.

IMPORTANCE
Alphaherpesviruses are among the very few viruses that are adapted to invade the mammalian nervous system. Intracellular transport of virus particles in neurons is important, as this process underlies both mild peripheral nervous system infection and severe spread to the central nervous system. VP26, the small capsid protein of HSV and PRV, was one of the first herpesvirus proteins to be fused to a fluorescent protein. Since then, these capsid-tagged virus mutants have become a powerful tool to visualize and track individual virus particles. Improved capsid tags will facilitate fluorescence microscopy studies of virus particle intracellular transport, as a brighter particle will improve localization accuracy of individual particles and allow for shorter exposure times, reducing phototoxicity and improving the time resolution of particle tracking in live cells.
Prion Protein Devoid of the Octapeptide Repeat Region Delays Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Pathogenesis in Mice
Authors: Hara Hideyuki , Miyata Hironori , Das Nandita Rani , Chida Junji , Yoshimochi Tatenobu , Uchiyama Keiji , Watanabe Hitomi , Kondoh Gen , Yokoyama Takashi , Sakaguchi Suehiro 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Conformational conversion of the cellular isoform of prion protein, PrP
C
, into the abnormally folded, amyloidogenic isoform, PrP
Sc
, is a key pathogenic event in prion diseases, including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in animals. We previously reported that the octapeptide repeat (OR) region could be dispensable for converting PrP
C
into PrP
Sc
after infection with RML prions. We demonstrated that mice transgenically expressing mouse PrP with deletion of the OR region on the PrP knockout background, designated Tg(PrPΔOR)/

Prnp
0

/
0

mice, did not show reduced susceptibility to RML scrapie prions, with abundant accumulation of PrP
Sc
ΔOR in their brains. We show here that Tg(PrPΔOR)/

Prnp
0

/
0

mice were highly resistant to BSE prions, developing the disease with markedly elongated incubation times after infection with BSE prions. The conversion of PrPΔOR into PrP
Sc
ΔOR was markedly delayed in their brains. These results suggest that the OR region may have a crucial role in the conversion of PrP
C
into PrP
Sc
after infection with BSE prions. However, Tg(PrPΔOR)/

Prnp
0

/
0

mice remained susceptible to RML and 22L scrapie prions, developing the disease without elongated incubation times after infection with RML and 22L prions. PrP
Sc
ΔOR accumulated only slightly less in the brains of RML- or 22L-infected Tg(PrPΔOR)/

Prnp
0

/
0

mice than PrP
Sc
in control wild-type mice. Taken together, these results indicate that the OR region of PrP
C
could play a differential role in the pathogenesis of BSE prions and RML or 22L scrapie prions.

IMPORTANCE
Structure-function relationship studies of PrP
C
conformational conversion into PrP
Sc
are worthwhile to understand the mechanism of the conversion of PrP
C
into PrP
Sc
. We show here that, by inoculating Tg(PrPΔOR)/

Prnp
0

/
0

mice with the three different strains of RML, 22L, and BSE prions, the OR region could play a differential role in the conversion of PrP
C
into PrP
Sc
after infection with RML or 22L scrapie prions and BSE prions. PrPΔOR was efficiently converted into PrP
Sc
ΔOR after infection with RML and 22L prions. However, the conversion of PrPΔOR into PrP
Sc
ΔOR was markedly delayed after infection with BSE prions. Further investigation into the role of the OR region in the conversion of PrP
C
into PrP
Sc
after infection with BSE prions might be helpful for understanding the pathogenesis of BSE prions.
Isometry groups of additive codes over finite fields
Authors: Wood Jay A. 
Published: October 2017

When [Formula: see text] is a linear code over a finite field [Formula: see text], every linear Hamming isometry of [Formula: see text] to itself is the restriction of a linear Hamming isometry of [Formula: see text] to itself, i.e. a monomial transformation. This is no longer the case for additive codes over non-prime fields. Every monomial transformation mapping [Formula: see text] to itself is an additive Hamming isometry, but there may exist additive Hamming isometries that are not monomial transformations.The monomial transformations mapping [Formula: see text] to itself form a group [Formula: see text], and the additive Hamming isometries form a larger group [Formula: see text]: [Formula: see text]. The main result says that these two subgroups can be as different as possible: for any two subgroups [Formula: see text], subject to some natural necessary conditions, there exists an additive code [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Total irregularity strength of disjoint union of isomorphic copies of generalized Petersen graph
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran 
Published: October 2017

Let [Formula: see text] be a graph. A total labeling [Formula: see text] is called totally irregular total [Formula: see text]-labeling of [Formula: see text] if every two distinct vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] satisfy [Formula: see text] and every two distinct edges [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] satisfy [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] The minimum [Formula: see text] for which a graph [Formula: see text] has a totally irregular total [Formula: see text]-labeling is called the total irregularity strength of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text] In this paper, we determined the total irregularity strength of disjoint union of [Formula: see text] isomorphic copies of generalized Petersen graph.
FGD5 Regulates VEGF Receptor-2 Coupling to PI3 Kinase and Receptor Recycling
Authors: Farhan Maikel A. , Azad Abul K. , Touret Nicolas , Murray Allan G. 
Published: October 2017

Objective—
VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor-A) signaling to the endothelial cell (EC) through VEGFR2 (VEGF receptor-2) is the principal cue driving new blood vessel formation. FGD5 (faciogenital dysplasia-5)—a Rho-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor—is selectively expressed in EC. Deficiency of FGD5 is embryonically lethal in mice and perturbs angiogenesis and VEGF signal transduction. However, the mechanism of FGD5 regulation of VEGF signaling is poorly understood.

Approach and Results—
Angiogenic sprouting and EC cytoskeletal remodeling were evaluated in a 3-dimensional in vitro model. We examined the subcellular localization of FGD5 and VEGFR2 in EC by immunofluorescent staining and studied the association by immunoprecipitation. FGD5 deficiency reduced the number of angiogenic sprouts and tip cell filopodia by ≈80% and ≈70%, respectively. These defects were accompanied by downregulation of the expression of tip cell-specific markers. FGD5 inactivation led to a decrease in EC migration and early protrusion (lamellipodia) formation. In resting and VEGF-stimulated EC, FGD5 forms a complex with VEGFR2 and was enriched at the leading edge of the cell and among endosomes. FGD5 loss reduced mTORC2 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex-2)/Akt-dependent cortactin activation downstream of VEGFR2 but did not alter VEGFR2 plasma membrane expression, Y1175 phosphorylation, or endocytosis. However, FGD5 loss decreased endosomal VEGFR2 coupling to phosphoinositide-3 kinase and diverted VEGFR2 to lysosomal degradation.

Conclusions—
FGD5 regulates VEGFR2 retention in recycling endosomes and coupling to PI3 (phosphoinositide-3) kinase/mTORC2-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling.
A Simple Pedagogical Model Linking Initial-Value Reliability with Trustworthiness in the Forced Climate Response
Authors: Palmer T. N. , Weisheimer A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Although the development of seamless prediction systems is becoming increasingly common, there is still confusion regarding the relevance of information from initial-value forecasts for assessing the trustworthiness of the climate system’s response to forcing. A simple system that mimics the real climate system through its regime structure is used to illustrate this potential relevance. The more complex version of this model defines “reality” and a simplified version of the system represents the “model.” The model’s response to forcing is profoundly incorrect. However, the untrustworthiness of the model’s response to forcing can be deduced from the model’s initial-value unreliability. The nonlinearity of the system is crucial in accounting for this result.
Cooking Classes: A Diabetes Self-Management Support Intervention Enhancing Clinical Values
Authors: Byrne Cally , Kurmas Neal , Burant Christopher J. , Utech Anne , Steiber Alison , Julius Mary 
Published: October 2017

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Healthy Teaching Kitchen (HTK) attendance among veterans who are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and clinical outcomes as measured by A1C and blood pressure. Methods This retrospective chart review collected data from veterans with T2DM who participated in the Diabetes Self-Management Support (DSMS) HTK program at the Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center (LSCVAMC) between February 2013 and May 2016. Data collected included demographic information, frequency of DSMS HTK attendance, 3 A1C values, and 3 blood pressure values. Each subject was assigned to 1 of 4 quartiles based on frequency of DSMS HTK attendance. Results A1C values of all groups improved over time, regardless of DSMS HTK attendance quartile. However, as total DSMS HTK class attendance increased, there was a significant decrease in the A1C difference score. Conclusions Participation in a DSMS program that focuses on healthy, economical cooking skills may lead to a significant improvement in A1C regardless of frequency of attendance. However, individuals with more frequent attendance may experience additional improvement in glycemic control.
Determinants of Endotracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Under Conscious Sedation
Authors: Smischney Nathan J. , Seisa Mohamed O. , Kumar Mukesh , Deangelis Jillian , Schroeder Darrell R. , Diedrich Daniel A. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives: Our primary aim was to determine the factors leading to prophylactic endotracheal intubation in intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy. Secondary aims were to determine the rate of unplanned endotracheal intubations during endoscopy and to determine the rate of aspiration following endoscopy for patients admitted to the ICU. Methods: Critically ill adult (≥18 years) patients who underwent upper and lower endoscopic procedures from January 2012 to July 2016 in a medical/surgical ICU were included. Determinants of prophylactic endotracheal intubation prior to endoscopy as well as other postprocedure outcomes were electronically captured by a validated data mart system. Given our focus on aspiration in those who were not endotracheally intubated prior to endoscopy, we used a validated definition a priori. Results: A total of 320 patients were included in the final analysis: 76(24%) were intubated prior to endoscopy and 244 (76%) were not. The endotracheally intubated group had a significantly higher Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation III (44.5 [16.2] vs 39.5 [15.5]; P = .02) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (6.9 [4.4] vs 3.8 [3]; P ≤ .01) scores, higher rate of hematemesis within 24 hours of endoscopy (28 [37%] vs 45 [18%]; P ≤ .01), and higher rate of upper endoscopy (72 [96%] vs 181 [74%]; P ≤ .01). We composed a composite outcome for multivariable analyses, which demonstrated the rate of any complication was significantly higher among those who were intubated prior to the procedure versus those who were not intubated previously (odds ratio: 2.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-6.72, P = .02). Conclusion: Endoscopy performed in the ICU without endotracheal intubation is safe. However, patient selection for prophylactic intubation prior to endoscopy is of critical importance as illustrated in this study with higher illness severity, planned upper endoscopy, and hematemesis 24 hours prior being key factors on deciding to perform endotracheal intubation. Prophylactic intubation for endoscopy and preexisting cardiac disease were associated with a higher rate of adverse outcomes.
Mineralogical aspects of interstratified chlorite-smectite associated with epithermal ore veins: A case study of the Todoroki Au-Ag ore deposit, Japan
Authors: Yoneda T. , Watanabe T. , Sato T. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChlorite (C)-corrensite (Co)-smectite (S) seriesminerals occur as vein constituents in the two epithermal ore veins, the Chuetsu and Shuetsu veins of the Todoroki Au-Ag deposit. The characteristics of the C–Co–S seriesminerals indicate that the clays may be products of direct precipitation from hydrothermal fluids and subsequent mineralogical transformations during and/or after vein formation. The minerals from the Chuetsu vein are characterized by ‘monomineralic’ corrensite showing an extensive distribution throughout the vein, and trioctahedral smectite occurring locally. The Shuetsu vein minerals are characterized by C-Co series minerals which can be divided into three different types: a I type including discrete chlorite with minor amounts of S layers, a II type comprising interstratified C/Co and discrete chlorite, and a III type characterized by segregation structures of C and Co layers. The C-Co series minerals show slightly different spatial distributions in the Shuetsu vein. Different epithermal environments during the vein formations and possible kinetic effects may have played a role in the formation and conversion of Co-C series at the Shuetsu vein and S-Co series at the Chuetsu vein.
Al-free di-trioctahedral substitution in chlorite and a ferri-sudoite end-member
Authors: Trincal Vincent , Lanari Pierre 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA compilation of Fe3+-bearing chlorite analyses is used: (1) to investigate the Alfree di-trioctahedral (AFDT) substitution 2Fe3++□= 3(Mg,Fe2+) in chlorite; and (2) to estimate the composition of a ferri-sudoite end-member (Si3Al)[(Fe2+,Mg)2□Al]O10(OH)8within the chlorite solid-solution domain. According to our observations, up to two Fe3+cations might be allocated in the M2-M3 chlorite sites by the substitution AFDT, which does not involve Al. These unexpected observations were made possible by the development of μXANES techniques allowingin situmeasurements ofXFe3+(Fe3+/(Fe2++ Fe3+)) in heterogeneous chlorite. Although further studies are required to confirm the crystallographic position of Fe3+ and refine its ionic/ magnetic behaviour in chlorite, this development creates opportunities for developing new geothermometers.
Intercalation of Tb(III) into magadiite and characterization of Tb-intercalated magadiites
Authors: Chen Yufeng , Yao Bao , Zou Yan , Yan Yudong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe intercalation of Tb(III) into layered magadiite is achieved by three-step ion exchanges with H+/Na+, TBA+ (tetra-n-butylammonium ions)/H+ and Tb(EDTA)3+/TBA+. Various techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and photoluminescent spectroscopy (PL), were employed to characterize the Tb-intercalated magadiites. The XRD results revealed that the basal spacing of the Tb-intercalated magadiites was obviously larger than that of the Na-magadiite, confirming the intercalation. The IR spectra showed no bands attributable to EDTA in the Tb-intercalated magadiites, indicating that the EDTA has broken away from Tb(III)-ETDA complexes during ion exchange. Moreover, the basal spacing of Tb-intercalated magadiite tends to increase slightly with the increase in water content in the Tb-intercalated magadiite. The PL spectra show weak emissions, attributed to 5D4-7FJ (J = 3, 4, 5, 6) transitions of Tb3+.