bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tibullus
Authors: Miller Paul Allen 
Published: April 2017

Of the three major elegists—Tibullus, Propertius, and Ovid—Tibullus is today probably the most difficult to approach. He is often less valued than the more modernist Propertius or the more witty and playful Ovid. This was not always the case. Quintilian famously writes, “mihi tersus atque elegans maxime uidetur auctor Tibullus. Sunt qui Propertium malint” [“In my opinion Tibullus is a very elegant and concise author. There are those who prefer Propertius”] (Inst. 10.1.93). Ovid terms Tibullus cultus or “polished” (Amores 3.9.66). The ancients held Tibullus in high regard and valued him above all for his smooth style. In the latter part of the 20th century, however, with the publication of Bright’s Haec mihi Fingebam: Tibullus and His World (1978) and Cairns’s Tibullus: A Hellenistic Poet at Rome (1979), Tibullus once again began receiving more attention. In recent years, his stock has risen further with the publication of several influential articles, chapters, and dissertations, including: Fineberg, “Configurations of Desire in the Elegies of Tibullus” (1991); Kennedy, The Arts of Love: Five Essays in the Discourse of Roman Love Elegy (1993); Miller, Subjecting Verses: Latin Love Elegy and the Emergence of the Real (2004); and Wray, “What Poets Do: Tibullus on ‘Easy’ Hands” (2003) et al., as well as a new commentary (Maltby, Tibullus: Elegies. Text, Introduction, and Commentary, 2002). One of the commonplaces of Tibullan criticism is the dream-like quality of his text. This view often goes hand in hand with the devaluation of his poetry as soft and lacking in formal integrity. Smith once characterized his poetry as “smooth” and “drifting.” More postively, it can be seen as nonlinear and working by association (Veyne, Roman Erotic Elegy: Love Poetry and the West, 1988, p. 36). In any case, his texts are less a series of rhetorical arguments or narratives, than complex tissues of interwoven and sometimes contradictory themes and images. Information on Tibullus’s life is scarce. He was born between 60 and 55 bce and died in 19 bce. Ancient testimony links him to the area near the village of Pedum in the Alban hills east of Rome. He was closely associated with the orator and general, M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus (64 bce to 8 ce), whom he appears to have accompanied on his Acquitanian campaign and perhaps on others. He also seems to have known Horace. Tibullus’s poetry, unlike Propertius or Ovid’s, is all but free of references to Augustus and the nascent imperial regime. From a statement in poem 1.1, we can reasonably deduce that Tibullus’s family, like many others, suffered a reduction of fortune during the proscriptions carried out by the members of the second triumvirate after the defeat of the republican assassins of Caesar.
Treating Smoking in Adults With Co-occurring Acute Psychiatric and Addictive Disorders
Authors: Das Smita , Hickman Norval J. , Prochaska Judith J. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
Tobacco use is undertreated in individuals with psychiatric and substance use disorders (SUDs), with concerns that quitting smoking may compromise recovery. We evaluated outcomes of a tobacco intervention among psychiatric patients with co-occurring SUDs.

Methods:
Data from 2 randomized tobacco treatment trials conducted in inpatient psychiatry were combined; analyses focused on the subsample with co-occurring SUDs (n = 216). Usual care provided brief advice to quit and nicotine replacement therapy during the smoke-free hospitalization. The intervention, initiated during hospitalization and continued 6 months after hospitalization, was tailored to readiness to quit smoking, and added a computer-assisted intervention at baseline, and 3 and 6 months; brief counseling; and 10 weeks of nicotine replacement therapy after hospitalization. Outcomes were 7-day point prevalence abstinence from 3 to 12 months and past 30-day reports of alcohol and illicit drug use.

Results:
The sample consisted of 34% women, among which 36% were Caucasian, averaging 19 cigarettes/d prehospitalization; the groups were comparable at baseline. At 12 months, 22% of the intervention versus 11% of usual care participants were tobacco-abstinent (risk ratio 2.01, P = 0.03). Past 30-day abstinence from alcohol/drugs did not differ by group (22%); however, successful quitters were less likely than continued smokers to report past 30-day cannabis (18% vs 42%) and alcohol (22% vs 58%) use (P < 0.05), with no difference in other drug use.

Conclusions:
Tobacco treatment in psychiatric patients with co-occurring SUDs was effective and did not adversely impact recovery. Quitting smoking was associated with abstinence from alcohol and cannabis at follow-up. The findings support addressing tobacco in conjunction with alcohol and other drugs in psychiatric treatment.
Hydroa Vacciniforme–Like Lymphoma in Tibetan Children: 2 Cases and a Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Tingting , Wang Lin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:
Hydroa vacciniforme–like lymphoma shows a marked predilection for the pediatric population, especially in Latin America and Asia. Here, we present 2 pediatric patients from Tibet of China, which is the first report from this area.
Apremilast
Authors: Thomas Jerry , Jacob Sharon E. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
By definition, a drug is a medicine or substance that exerts a physiologic effect on an organism. In dermatology, medications and substances are utilized on a daily basis from topical treatments to anesthetics in micrographic surgery. The purpose of this column is to focus on some of the more common drugs used in dermatology, specifically their mechanism of action, how they are utilized, and routine alternatives (if available). This article focuses on the uses and mechanism, adverse effects, and alternatives to the medication apremilast, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that is used to predominantly treat psoriasis.
Novel lipid modifying drugs to lower LDL cholesterol
Authors: Cupido Arjen J. , Reeskamp Laurens F. , Kastelein John J.P. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose of review
Statins have long been the cornerstone for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, because of perceived adverse effects and insufficient efficacy in certain groups of patients, considerable interest exists in the search for alternatives to lower LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and the recent approvals of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors underlines the success of this quest. Here, we give an updated overview on the most recent developments in the area of LDL-C lowering agents.

Recent findings
The clinical effects of the PCSK9 inhibitors are promising, especially now that the FOURIER and SPIRE programmes are published. Most cholesterylester-transfer protein inhibitors, however, except anacetrapib, have been discontinued because of either toxicity or lack of efficacy in large cardiovascular outcome trials. Other agents – like mipomersen, lomitapide, ETC-1002, and gemcabene – aim to lower LDL-C in different ways than solely through the LDL receptor, opening up possibilities for treating patients not responding to conventional therapies. New discoveries are also being made at the DNA and RNA level, with mipomersen being the first approved therapy based on RNA intervention in the United States for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Summary
Recent years have witnessed a new beginning for cholesterol-lowering compounds. With increased knowledge of lipid metabolism a score of new therapeutic targets has been identified. Mechanisms for modulation of those targets are also becoming more diverse while statins remain the backbone of CVD prevention, the new alternatives, such as PCSK9 monoclonals will probably play an important additional role in treatment of patients at risk for CVD.
Biomechanical Integrity in Craniofacial Surgery: Calvarial Reconstruction in Favorable and Infected Defects with Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
Authors: MacIsaac Zoe M. , Henderson Sarah E. , Shakir Sameer , Naran Sanjay , Smith Darren M. , Camison Liliana , Cray James J. , Almarza Alejandro J. , Cooper Gregory M. , Losee Joseph E. 
Published: April 2017

Background:
The limitations of autologous and alloplastic reconstruction for craniofacial bone defects have created a clinical need for viable tissue-engineering strategies. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has shown promise in this setting. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term biomechanical properties of rhBMP-2–mediated calvarial reconstruction.

Methods:
Twelve-week-old New Zealand White rabbits underwent subtotal calvarectomy. Defects were repaired in one of several groups: immediate reconstruction with autologous graft, immediate reconstruction with cryopreserved bone graft, immediate reconstruction with rhBMP-2 (favorable), and delayed reconstruction with rhBMP-2 following infection and subsequent débridement (unfavorable). Cryopreserved reconstructions were measured at 6 weeks; autologous reconstructions were measured at 6 weeks and 6 months; and both favorable and unfavorable rhBMP-2 reconstructions were assessed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after reconstruction. Healing was assessed with computed tomography. An unconfined compression test was performed for biomechanical analysis. Stress at 20 percent strain, percentage relaxation, tangent modulus, and final strain at 1800 N were compared between groups.

Results:
Nearly complete radiographic coverage was achieved by 6 months for autologous reconstruction and by 6 weeks for rhBMP-2 reconstruction. Favorable rhBMP-2 reconstruction demonstrated a larger final strain at 1800 N through 1 year compared with native bone. Bone in unfavorable rhBMP-2 reconstruction was more compressible than native bone, with a larger final strain at 1800 N at 1 year. There were no significant differences between favorable and unfavorable groups.

Conclusions:
Despite providing radiographic coverage, the biomechanical properties of rhBMP-2 bone differ from those of native bone. Further studies are warranted to determine how these properties affect overall strength and structural integrity.
Evidence-Based Medicine in Aesthetic Surgery: The Significance of Level to Aesthetic Surgery
Authors: Rohrich Rod J. , Cho Min-Jeong 
Published: April 2017

Summary:
Since its popularization in the 1980s, evidence-based medicine has become the cornerstone of American health care. Many specialties rapidly adapted to the paradigm shift of health care by delivering treatment using the evidence-based guidelines. However, the field of plastic surgery has been slow to implement evidence-based medicine compared with the other specialties because of the challenges of performing randomized controlled trials, such as funding, variability in surgical skills, and difficulty with standardization of techniques. To date, aesthetic surgery has been at the forefront of evidence-based medicine in plastic surgery by having the most randomized controlled trials. Nevertheless, a detailed analysis of these studies has not been previously performed. In this article, the level I and II articles of aesthetic surgery are discussed to increase awareness of high-quality evidence-based medicine in aesthetic surgery.
Brief Report: Safety of Frequent Blood Sampling in Research Participants in an Acute HIV Infection Cohort in Thailand
Authors: Sacdalan Carlo , Crowell Trevor , Colby Donn , Kroon Eugène , Chan Phillip , Pinyakorn Suteeraporn , Chomchey Nitiya , Prueksakaew Peeriya , Puttamaswin Suwanna , Chintanaphol Michelle , Cheng Theresa , Phanuphak Nittaya , Ananworanich Jintanat ,   on behalf of the RV254/SEARCH 010 Study Group
Published: April 2017

Introduction:
Anemia is a potential adverse effect of phlebotomy during participation in research. Clinical studies of acute HIV infection (AHI) require frequent phlebotomy to maximize scientific yield, but this participant population may also be at increased risk for anemia and other adverse events.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to describe baseline and longitudinal hemoglobin changes among participants with AHI.

Methods:
Participants with AHI (n = 202) were enrolled in a prospective cohort study in Thailand. AHI was diagnosed using pooled nucleic acid testing and sequential HIV antibody immunoassays. Antiretroviral therapy was initiated on enrollment. During 48 weeks of study participation, a total of 629 mL of blood was drawn over 14 visits. Hemoglobin levels were measured serially, and abnormalities were graded using the Division of AIDS (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) adverse event table.

Results:
AHI was diagnosed at a median of 18 days after infection. Mean hemoglobin at enrollment of male participants was 14.8 g/dL, and for females, it was 13.0 g/dL. Over 48 weeks, there was a mean increase of 0.2 g/dL among men (P = 0.01) and a decrease of 0.7 g/dL among women (P = 0.03). The overall prevalence of anemia was low, with 7 (3.5%) of 202 fulfilling grade 1 or 2 anemia criteria.

Conclusions:
Anemia was rare after frequent phlebotomy in research participants with AHI, before and after antiretroviral therapy. Given that the blood volume drawn from this study did not pose substantial clinical risk, increasing the volume of blood drawn for research purposes in acute HIV-infected research participants could be considered for future studies.
Optimizing Contrast Media Injection Protocols in Computed Tomography Angiography at Different Tube Voltages: Evaluation in a Circulation Phantom
Authors: Caruso Damiano , Eid Marwen , Schoepf U. Joseph , De Santis Domenico , Varga-Szemes Akos , Mangold Stefanie , Canstein Christian , Lesslie Virginia W. , Fuller Stephen R. , Ball B. Devon , Laghi Andrea , De Cecco Carlo N. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the minimum iodine delivery rate (IDR) and contrast media (CM) volume required for diagnostic contrast enhancement of 350 HU (Hounsfield units) in the ascending aorta at different kV settings.

Methods
Dynamic computed tomography acquisitions from 70 to 150 kV were performed in a circulation phantom. First, injections with IDR ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 g I/s were tested for each kV. In the second part, the IDR was held constant, whereas the CM volume was reduced from 50 to 10 mL. Diagnostic aortic peak enhancement for each kV was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The mean aortic peak enhancement for all diagnostic IDRs was 368.7 ± 11.1 HU. Diagnostic IDRs returned similar aortic peak enhancement values for all protocols (all P ≥ 0.18). For the second part of the study, a diagnostic enhancement was yielded by using a minimum of 30 mL of CM for 110 kV, 25 mL for 100 and 90 kV, and 15 mL for 80 and 70 kV.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that a differentiated approach reducing the CM volume for tube voltages of less than 120 kV and increasing the IDR for higher kV settings seems to be the most effective approach.
Patient Characteristics and Functional Outcomes in a 5-Year Retrospective Stroke Cohort
Authors: Richard Lynne , Maitra Kinsuk , da Costa Bruno , Maillet Denise , Ramsey Cristina 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
This retrospective study examined the relationship between patient characteristics and intervention outcomes in stroke rehabilitation in a large, diverse inpatient database.

Method:
A query of the electronic medical record for 2008-2012 identified 939 patients treated for stroke. An analysis was conducted for dichotomized total, motor, and cognitive Functional Independence Measure scores using univariable and multivariable analyses and patients' characteristics.

Results:
There was a significant population of non-white patients in the cohort (53%). Race was not found to be a factor that influenced outcomes. Patients who responded to treatment were more likely to be younger than 80, with a length of stay greater than 11 days, and currently employed. Length of stay had the strongest association with a positive treatment response (P ≤ 0.001). Patients who were older than 80 years and not working/retired at the time of stroke had less response to treatment.

Conclusion:
The results of the present study show that patients with a minimum of 3 key characteristics, in a diverse stroke population, are most likely to benefit maximally from intensive inpatient stroke rehabilitation irrespective of their race, sex, or number of comorbidities.
The Effects of Body Mass Index on Balance, Mobility, and Functional Capacity in Older Adults
Authors: Sertel Meral , Tarsuslu Şimşek Tülay , Tütün Yümin Eylem 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
The aim of this study was to study the effects of body mass index (BMI) on balance, mobility, and physical capacity in the older adults.

Methods:
A total of 149 elderly individuals aged 65 to 85 years were recruited into the study. They were divided into 3 groups, including normal weight (n = 35), overweight (n = 67), and obese (n = 47), by their BMI values. Sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects were recorded, and their BMI values (body weight/height2 [kg/m2]) were calculated using height and body weight values. Balance was assessed by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the tandem test, mobility by the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), and physical capacity by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test.

Results:
The mean age of the subjects was 69.64 ± 6.60 years. Statistical analysis revealed that there is no statistically significant difference between the BBS, RMI, and TUG values of normal, obese, and overweight elderly subjects (P > .05). A statistically significant difference was found in tandem test values of the right and left feet (P < .05). A correlation was identified between the BMI and balance (BBS) values for the subjects with a high mean age (P < .05), whereas there was no such correlation for the subjects with a lower mean age (P > .05).

Conclusion:
Although increased weight affects balance and mobility in the older adults, it is an important factor that affects balance and physical mobility in advanced age.
Modeling the Effect of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor on Transplant Immunity
Authors: Julliard Walker , Fechner John H. , Owens Leah , O'Driscoll Chelsea A. , Zhou Ling , Sullivan Jeremy A. , Frydrych Lynn , Mueller Amanda , Mezrich Joshua D. 
Published: April 2017

Background
Exposure to pollutants through inhalation is a risk factor for lung diseases including cancer, asthma, and lung transplant rejection, but knowledge of the effects of inhaled pollutants on pathologies outside of the lung is limited.

Methods
Using the minor-mismatched model of male C57BL/6J (B6) to female B6 skin grafts, recipient mice were treated with an inhaled urban dust particle sample every 3 days before and after grafting. Graft survival time was determined, and analysis of the resulting immune response was performed at time before rejection.

Results
Significant prolongation of male skin grafts occurred in recipient female mice treated with urban dust particles compared with controls and was found to be dependent on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) expression in the recipient mouse. T cell responses to the male histocompatibility antigen (H-Y) Dby were not altered by exposure to pollutants. A reduction in the frequency of IFNγ-producing CD4 T cells infiltrating the graft on day 7 posttransplant was observed. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that AHR expression is upregulated in IFNγ-producing CD4 T cells during immune responses in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions
Surprisingly, inhalation of a pollutant standard was found to prolong graft survival in a minor-mismatched skin graft model in an AHR-dependent manner. One possible mechanism may be an effect on IFNγ-producing CD4 T cells responding to donor antigen. The increased expression of AHR in this CD4 T cell subset suggests that AHR ligands within the particulate matter may be directly affecting the type 1 T helper cell response in this model.
Human infectious disease burdens decrease with urbanization but not with biodiversity
Authors: Wood Chelsea L. , McInturff Alex , Young Hillary S. , Kim DoHyung , Lafferty Kevin D. 
Published: April 2017

Infectious disease burdens vary from country to country and year to year due to ecological and economic drivers. Recently, Murrayet al.(Murray CJet al. 2012Lancet380, 2197–2223. (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4)) estimated country-level morbidity and mortality associated with a variety of factors, including infectious diseases, for the years 1990 and 2010. Unlike other databases that report disease prevalence or count outbreaks per country, Murrayet al.report health impacts in per-person disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), allowing comparison across diseases with lethal and sublethal health effects. We investigated the spatial and temporal relationships between DALYs lost to infectious disease and potential demographic, economic, environmental and biotic drivers, for the 60 intermediate-sized countries where data were available and comparable. Most drivers had unique associations with each disease. For example, temperature was positively associated with some diseases and negatively associated with others, perhaps due to differences in disease agent thermal optima, transmission modes and host species identities. Biodiverse countries tended to have high disease burdens, consistent with the expectation that high diversity of potential hosts should support high disease transmission. Contrary to the dilution effect hypothesis, increases in biodiversity over time were not correlated with improvements in human health, and increases in forestation over time were actually associated with increased disease burden. Urbanization and wealth were associated with lower burdens for many diseases, a pattern that could arise from increased access to sanitation and healthcare in cities and increased investment in healthcare. The importance of urbanization and wealth helps to explain why most infectious diseases have become less burdensome over the past three decades, and points to possible levers for further progress in improving global public health.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications’.
Does deforestation promote or inhibit malaria transmission in the Amazon? A systematic literature review and critical appraisal of current evidence
Authors: Tucker Lima Joanna M. , Vittor Amy , Rifai Sami , Valle Denis 
Published: April 2017

Considerable interest in the relationship between biodiversity and disease has recently captured the attention of the research community, with important public policy implications. In particular, malaria in the Amazon region is often cited as an example of how forest conservation can improve public health outcomes. However, despite a growing body of literature and an increased understanding of the relationship between malaria and land use / land cover change (LULC) in Amazonia, contradictions have emerged. While some studies report that deforestation increases malaria risk, others claim the opposite. Assessing malaria risk requires examination of dynamic processes among three main components: (i) the environment (i.e. LULC and landscape transformations), (ii) vector biology (e.g. mosquito species distributions, vector activity and life cycle, plasmodium infection rates), and (iii) human populations (e.g. forest-related activity, host susceptibility, movement patterns). In this paper, we conduct a systematic literature review on malaria risk and deforestation in the Amazon focusing on these three components. We explore key features that are likely to generate these contrasting results using the reviewed articles and our own data from Brazil and Peru, and conclude with suggestions for productive avenues in future research.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications'.