bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between vitiligo occurrence and clinical benefit in advanced melanoma patients treated with nivolumab: A multi‐institutional retrospective study
Authors: Nakamura Yasuhiro , Tanaka Ryota , Asami Yuri , Teramoto Yukiko , Imamura Taichi , Sato Sayuri , Maruyama Hiroshi , Fujisawa Yasuhiro , Matsuya Taisuke , Fujimoto Manabu , Yamamoto Akifumi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractVitiligo is occasionally seen in melanoma patients. Although several studies indicate a correlation between vitiligo occurrence and clinical response in melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy, most studies have included heterogeneous patient and treatment settings. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the occurrence of vitiligo and clinical benefit of nivolumab treatment in advanced melanoma patients. We retrospectively reviewed unresectable stage III or IV melanoma patients treated with nivolumab. Of 35 melanoma patients treated with nivolumab, 25.7% (9/35) developed vitiligo during treatment. The time from the start of nivolumab treatment to occurrence of vitiligo ranged 2–9 months (mean, 5.2). Of nine patients who developed vitiligo, two (22.2%) had a complete response to nivolumab and two (22.2%) had a partial response. The objective response rate was significantly higher in patients with vitiligo than in patients without vitiligo (4/9 [44.4%] vs 2/26 [7.7%]; P = 0.027). The mean time to vitiligo occurrence in patients achieving an objective response was significantly less than that in patients who showed no response (3.1 vs 6.8 months, P = 0.004). Vitiligo occurrence was significantly associated with prolonged progression‐free and overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.24 and 0.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.11–0.55 and 0.03–0.79; P = 0.005, and 0.047, respectively). At the 20‐week landmark analysis, however, vitiligo was not associated with a statistically significant overall survival benefit (P = 0.28). The occurrence of vitiligo during nivolumab treatment may be correlated with favorable clinical outcome.
Metabolic syndrome and psoriasis severity in South‐East Asian patients: An investigation of potential association using current and chronological assessments
Authors: Chularojanamontri Leena , Wongpraparut Chanisada , Silpa‐Archa Narumol , Chaweekulrat Pichanee 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAlthough studies regarding prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Asian psoriatic patients are limited and show varying results, a previous report describes a significant increase in prevalence of MS in Thai psoriatic patients, as compared with rates in the general population. However, no significant association between MS and psoriasis severity using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was found, which differs from the findings of Korean and Japanese studies. This study aimed at re‐evaluating the association between MS and psoriasis severity in Thai patients using current assessment (PASI) and chronological assessment (historical course and interventions). A total of 273 psoriatic patients were recruited. After controlling for age and sex, 96 patients were assigned to the MS group and 96 patients to the non‐MS group. Similar to the previous study, no significant differences were identified between metabolic and non‐metabolic patients regarding PASI, age of onset, disease duration and family history of psoriasis. However, the numbers of hospitalizations (P = 0.018) and interventions (P = 0.028) were significantly higher in metabolic patients than in non‐metabolic patients. Further, a greater number of metabolic components was significantly associated with a higher number of hospitalizations (P = 0.012), pustular or erythrodermic psoriasis episodes (P = 0.049), and interventions (P = 0.005). Body mass index of 23 kg/m2 or more, abdominal obesity and high blood pressure were associated with an increased risk of treatment failure. Using chronological assessment, our study supported that MS negatively affects psoriasis severity and treatment outcomes. Screening for MS is highly recommended for psoriatic patients.
It's only a matter of time: the altered role of subsidies in a warming world
Authors: O'Gorman Eoin J. 
Published: August 2016

Clockwise from left: an experimental stream reach from the study, highlighting the fences used to contain fish as the apex predator; a cutthroat trout from the experiment, the only fish species in the study streams; stomach contents from a fish, highlighting the major role of the terrestrial subsidy (mealworms) in the diet.In Focus: Sato, T., El‐Sabaawi, R.W., Campbell, K., Ohta, T. & Richardson, J.S. (2016) A test of the effects of timing of a pulsed resource subsidy on stream ecosystems. Journal of Animal Ecology, 85, 1136–1146.Cross‐ecosystem subsidies play a critical role in maintaining the structure and functioning of natural communities, especially if they are asynchronous with resource production in the recipient ecosystem. Sato et al. () use a large‐scale field experiment to show that changes in the timing of a pulsed terrestrial subsidy can alter stream dynamics from the individual to the ecosystem level. With increasing evidence that global warming will alter the timing, magnitude and frequency of allochthonous inputs, these findings make an important contribution to our understanding of how such changes will reverberate throughout ecosystems that depend on subsidies.
Characterizing wildlife behavioural responses to roads using integrated step selection analysis
Authors: Prokopenko Christina M. , Boyce Mark S. , Avgar Tal 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Roads are a prevalent, ever‐increasing form of human disturbance on the landscape. In many places in western North America, energy development has brought human and road disturbance into seasonal winter range areas for migratory elk.

We sought to evaluate the predictions from the risk‐disturbance hypothesis when studying elk response to roads during winter. Road proximity and crossing were used to evaluate these behaviours, which offered a rare comparison between two common measures of roads. We used integrated step selection analysis (iSSA) to evaluate four alternative hypotheses regarding the influence of roads on space‐use behaviour across 175 elk‐years of elk telemetry data, and we quantified both population‐level and individual‐level variations in responses.

We demonstrated, for the first time, how iSSA can be used to combine movement analysis in a refined approach to habitat selection. Elk responded to roads as they would natural predation risk. Elk selected areas farther from roads at all times of day with avoidance being greatest during twilight. In addition, elk sought cover and moved more when in the vicinity of roads. Road crossings were generally avoided, but this avoidance was weakest during daytime when elk were both moving and closer to roads.

Synthesis and applications. Energy development is transforming landscapes in western North America with the proliferation of roads, which we show is having substantial and multifaceted negative effects on elk movement and behaviour. These adverse effects can be mitigated by minimizing new road construction and by restricting traffic on roads as well as providing the protection of tree cover on elk winter ranges.
Glycerol metabolism in hypersaline environments
Authors: Oren Aharon 
Published: August 2016

SummaryGlycerol is a key compound for the understanding of the microbiology of hypersaline environments. At the highest salt concentrations the main or even sole primary producer is the green unicellular alga Dunaliella, which uses photosynthetically produced glycerol as osmotic stabilizer and compatible solute. Glycerol can be expected to be a major carbon source available to the heterotrophic communities of Archaea and Bacteria in hypersaline ecosystems. Use of Dunaliella has even been explored for the commercial production of glycerol. This article reviews our current understanding of glycerol metabolism in Dunaliella and of the ways glycerol can be degraded by heterotrophic prokaryote communities under aerobic and under anaerobic conditions. Dunaliella‐derived glycerol may also be the key toward long‐term survival of heterotrophic prokaryotes in fluid inclusions within salt crystals.
Formation of beach‐ridge plains: an appreciation of the contribution by Jack L. Davies
Authors: Oliver Thomas S.N. , Thom Bruce G. , Woodroffe Colin D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA robust debate among coastal geomorphologists as to the processes by which beach‐ridge plains around Australia have formed was initiated by a former President of the Institute of Australian Geographers. This review gives special consideration to the work of Jack L. Davies, whose academic contributions to coastal geomorphology in Australia have not always been appropriately acknowledged when explaining how similar plains have evolved elsewhere in the world. Davies recognised that relatively steep storm waves caused erosion (cut) on beaches, whereas less steep long‐period swell waves returned sand (fill). He considered the beach berm to be the nucleus on which a beach ridge formed, which could subsequently develop into a foredune, in contrast to cobble ridges that were deposited during storms. Offshore conditions regulate supply of sand to the shoreline, partly through effects on wave refraction, with higher rates of supply where the nearshore is shallow. It was apparent to Davies that the elevation of successive ridges might, but not necessarily, provide evidence of past changes of sea level, despite adornment by variable amounts of windblown dune sand. Morphodynamic understanding of long‐term coastal evolution, based on radiocarbon dating chronologies, has demonstrated that Australian coastal plains formed over the past ~6,000 years when sea level has been close to its present level, in contrast to several documented locations in the northern hemisphere where the sea has been rising for the past few millennia. Particularly insightful were observations by Davies that ridge formation could be influenced by a range of factors including changes in sea level, storminess, or sediment supply. These factors acting singly or in combination seem likely to change in the future. Understanding such responses remains a high priority and can be addressed by new technologies, such as light detection and ranging, optically stimulated luminescence dating, ground‐penetrating radar, and computer simulation.
Parental infant jaundice colour card design successfully validated by comparing it with total serum bilirubin
Authors: Xue Guo‐Chang , Ren Ming‐Xing , Shen Lin‐Na , Zhang Li‐Wen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimWe designed a jaundice colour card that could be used by the parents of neonates and validated it by comparing it with total serum bilirubin levels.MethodsThere were 106 term Chinese neonates in the study. The majority weighed between 2500 g and 3499 g (63%) and had a gestational age of 37–40 weeks (77%). The jaundice colour card and photometric determination were used to screen for neonatal jaundice and compared with serum bilirubin.ResultsThe bilirubin levels were measured by mothers using the jaundice colour card, and 67% of the measurements were taken at 11–20 days (range 3–30). The measurements at the infant's forehead, cheek and sternum showed strong correlations with total serum bilirubin. The mean differences between the total serum bilirubin and the jaundice colour card measurements from the forehead, cheek and sternum were 1.9 mg/dL, 0.3 mg/dL and 1.5 mg/dL, respectively. When total serum bilirubin >13 mg/dL was used as the cut‐off point, the areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves were 0.934 for the forehead, 0.985 for the cheek and 0.966 for the sternum.ConclusionWe established the validity of the jaundice colour card as a parental measurement tool for jaundice in Chinese neonates, and the cheek was the best measurement site.
Addressing species turnover and community changes in vegetation resurvey studies
Authors: Alfonsi Elsa , Benot Marie‐Lise , Fievet Virgil , Alard Didier 
Published: August 2016

AbstractQuestionsHow are species turnover and community change assessed by a plot‐specific approach based on quasi‐permanent plots? How can community changes be tracked by a community‐specific approach based on community surveys? Do the results of a community‐specific approach depend on the grain of the community classification?LocationsAtlantic wet heaths, southwest France.MethodsWe studied vegetation change at one site (Cousseau National Nature Reserve, NNR) and within a network of sites on a regional scale using two resurvey approaches: a plot‐specific and a community‐specific approach based on sets of old (1968–1998) and new (2006–2012) plots. Two correspondence analyses (CAs) were performed and plots were classified into community types (CTs) using hierarchical clustering. Trajectories of quasi‐permanent plots were described along identified gradients. Community change within each CT was detected by testing for differences in mean coordinates along CA axes between old and new plots. Several grains of clustering were tested for the community‐specific approach at the regional scale.ResultsAt the Cousseau NNR site, the plot‐specific approach identified the trajectory of each plot along two major ecological gradients, while the community‐specific approach detected a community change for only one out of the three defined CTs. For the regional network of sites, the community‐specific approach found several community changes; their strength and direction differed slightly when the CTs were defined more accurately.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the resurvey strategy influences our ability to detect the degree and characteristics of vegetation changes in time. The plot‐specific approach allows detection of species turnover and real trajectories but may over‐emphasize community changes. The community‐specific approach offers another way to interpret community changes that could be relevant for habitat conservation issues, especially at a regional level. For the community‐specific approach, the detection and interpretation of vegetation change is influenced by the grain of community classification.
Three peanut‐allergic/sensitized phenotypes with gender difference
Authors: Just J. , Elegbede C. F. , Deschildre A. , Bousquet J. , Moneret‐Vautrin D. A. , Crepet A. ,   Mirabel study group
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundPeanut‐allergic reactions are heterogeneous ranging from mild symptoms to anaphylaxis.ObjectiveIdentify peanut‐allergic/sensitized phenotypes to personalize patient management.MethodsA combined factor and cluster analysis was used to study the phenotypes of 696 patients diagnosed with peanut sensitization and enrolled in the MIRABEL survey. The method was first applied to the 247 patients with an oral food challenge (OFC). It was then applied to the 449 patients without OFC to confirm the findings in an independent population.ResultsThree independent clusters emerged from the OFC subgroup. Cluster 1, ‘Severe peanut allergy with little allergic multi‐morbidity’ (123 subjects), had the highest proportion of patients with positive OFC (92%), a medium level of peanut protein inducing a positive OFC (235 mg), lower percentage of allergic multi‐morbidity (2% asthma plus atopic dermatitis (A + AD), no cases of A + AD + multiple food allergies (MFA)). Cluster 2, ‘Severe peanut allergy with frequent allergic multi‐morbidity’ (62 subjects), had a high proportion of patients with positive OFC (85%) with the lowest level of peanut protein inducing a positive OFC (112 mg), 89% allergic subjects, 100% with allergic multi‐morbidity (A + AD) and 84% with A + AD + MFA. Cluster 3, ‘Mild peanut‐allergic/sensitized phenotype’ (62 subjects), had the lowest mean age, the lowest proportion of patients with positive OFC (53%) with a high level of peanut protein inducing a positive OFC (770 mg), a low percentage of allergic multi‐morbidity (48% A + AD + MFA). The two severe peanut‐allergic phenotypes were more frequent in girls. The same clusters were found in the subgroup of patients without OFC.Conclusion & Clinical RelevanceBesides the classic markers associated with lower threshold doses of OFC (such as SPT and rAra h 2), allergic multi‐morbidity and female gender should also be taken into account to better adapt the progressive dosage of provocation tests.
Tollip SNP rs5743899 modulates human airway epithelial responses to rhinovirus infection
Authors: Huang C. , Jiang D. , Francisco D. , Berman R. , Wu Q. , Ledford J. G. , Moore C. M. , Ito Y. , Stevenson C. , Munson D. , Li L. , Kraft M. , Chu H. W. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundRhinovirus (RV) infection in asthma induces varying degrees of airway inflammation (e.g. neutrophils), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.ObjectiveThe major goal was to determine the role of genetic variation [e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] of Toll‐interacting protein (Tollip) in airway epithelial responses to RV in a type 2 cytokine milieu.MethodsDNA from blood of asthmatic and normal subjects was genotyped for Tollip SNP rs5743899 AA, AG and GG genotypes. Human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells from donors without lung disease were cultured to determine pro‐inflammatory and antiviral responses to IL‐13 and RV16. Tollip knockout and wild‐type mice were challenged with house dust mite (HDM) and infected with RV1B to determine lung inflammation and antiviral response.ResultsAsthmatic subjects carrying the AG or GG genotype (AG/GG) compared with the AA genotype demonstrated greater airflow limitation. HTBE cells with AG/GG expressed less Tollip. Upon IL‐13 and RV16 treatment, cells with AG/GG (vs. AA) produced more IL‐8 and expressed less antiviral genes, which was coupled with increased NF‐κB activity and decreased expression of LC3, a hallmark of the autophagic pathway. Tollip co‐localized and interacted with LC3. Inhibition of autophagy decreased antiviral genes in IL‐13‐ and RV16‐treated cells. Upon HDM and RV1B, Tollip knockout (vs. wild‐type) mice demonstrated higher levels of lung neutrophilic inflammation and viral load, but lower levels of antiviral gene expression.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceOur data suggest that Tollip SNP rs5743899 may predict varying airway response to RV infection in asthma.
The effects of air pollution on asthma hospital admissions in Adelaide, South Australia, 2003–2013: time‐series and case–crossover analyses
Authors: Chen K. , Glonek G. , Hansen A. , Williams S. , Tuke J. , Salter A. , Bi P. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundAir pollution can have adverse health effects on asthma sufferers, but the effects vary with geographic, environmental and population characteristics. There has been no long time‐series study in Australia to quantify the effects of environmental factors including pollen on asthma hospitalizations.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the seasonal impact of air pollutants and aeroallergens on the risk of asthma hospital admissions for adults and children in Adelaide, South Australia.MethodsData on hospital admissions, meteorological conditions, air quality and pollen counts for the period 2003–2013 were sourced. Time‐series analysis and case–crossover analysis were used to assess the short‐term effects of air pollution on asthma hospitalizations. For the time‐series analysis, generalized log‐linear quasi‐Poisson and negative binomial regressions were used to assess the relationships, controlling for seasonality and long‐term trends using flexible spline functions. For the case–crossover analysis, conditional logistic regression was used to compute the effect estimates with time‐stratified referent selection strategies.ResultsA total of 36,024 asthma admissions were considered. Findings indicated that the largest effects on asthma admissions related to PM2.5, NO2, PM10 and pollen were found in the cool season for children (0–17 years), with the 5‐day cumulative effects of 30.2% (95% CI: 13.4–49.6%), 12.5% (95% CI: 6.6–18.7%), 8.3% (95% CI: 2.5–14.4%) and 4.2% (95% CI: 2.2–6.1%) increases in risk of asthma hospital admissions per 10 unit increments, respectively. The largest effect for ozone was found in the warm season for children with the 5‐day cumulative effect of an 11.7% (95% CI: 5.8–17.9%) increase in risk of asthma hospital admissions per 10 ppb increment in ozone level.ConclusionFindings suggest that children are more vulnerable and the associations between exposure to air pollutants and asthma hospitalizations tended to be stronger in the cool season compared to the warm season, with the exception of ozone. This study has important public health implications and provides valuable evidence for the development of policies for asthma management.
Microbial elements as the initial triggers in the pathogenesis of polymorphic light eruption?
Authors: Patra VijayKumar , Wolf Peter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe primary trigger of polymorphic light eruption (PLE) remains to be uncovered. We hypothesize that PLE may be initiated by elements resulting from UV‐induced damage to microbial communities of the skin, leading to a cascade of events eventually resulting in the skin rash of the disease. One mechanism by which epidermal injury by UV radiation could trigger PLE are danger signals such as damage or pathogen associated molecular patterns DAMP/PAMPs or commensal‐associated molecular patterns (CAMPs). Such triggers could be produced due to UV‐induced stress on microbial communities of the skin and exacerbate inflammatory responses by inducing the innate immune system through antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as psoriasin, RNase7, HBD‐2 and LL‐37. These AMPs also actively take part in initiating adaptive immunity. That signals derived from microbial rather than human elements may initiate PLE is supported by series of observations, including the PLE‐protective effect of topically applied microbial‐derived DNA repair enzymes.
In vivo enzymatic modulation of IgG antibodies prevents immune complex‐dependent skin injury
Authors: Mihai Sidonia , Albert Heike , Ludwig Ralf J. , Iwata Hiroaki , Björck Lars , Collin Mattias , Nimmerjahn Falk 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIgG antibodies are potent inducers of proinflammatory responses by cross‐linking Fc receptors on innate immune effector cells resulting in tissue injury. The recently discovered enzymes endoglycosidase S (EndoS) and IgG‐degrading enzyme (IdeS) of Streptococcus pyogenes are able to modulate the interaction between IgG antibodies and the Fc receptors, by hydrolysis of the glycan associated with the heavy chain of the IgG molecule (EndoS), or cleavage in the hinge region of the heavy IgG chain (IdeS). In this work, we investigated their ability to inhibit damage mediated by skin‐bound antibodies in vivo in two different experimental models, the Arthus reaction, and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, an autoimmune blistering skin disease associated with autoantibodies against type VII collagen. We demonstrate that both enzymes efficiently interfere with IgG‐mediated proinflammatory processes, offering a great asset to specifically target pathological IgG antibodies in the skin and holding great promise for future applications in human therapy.