bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bandas armadas en los campos de la Corona de Castilla (siglos XIII-XV)<br /><em>Armed bands in the countryside of the Kingdom of Castile</em>
Authors: Sánchez Benito José María 
Published: July 2017

RESUMEN No es difícil constatar que la presencia de bandas armadas en los campos castellanos fue bastante frecuente a lo largo de los siglos XIII-XV. Profundizando un poco más se observa –también con relativa facilidad– que los objetivos que tenían no quedaban solamente en el robo o el secuestro. Por el contrario, tales bandas, aunque diversas, se insertaban perfectamente en la conflictividad política de la época y en el entramado de la sociedad feudal. Tal es el objeto de estudio de este artículo, en cuyas páginas proponemos indagar en la variedad que presentan estos grupos para poner de manifiesto sus características, objetivos y causas. De este modo comprobaremos que la violencia depredadora que practicaban estaba a menudo orientada por los poderes de la época, a cuyas pautas e intereses servían. A tal fin comenzaré tratando acerca de golfines y almogávares a fines del siglo XIII, cuya peripecia nos permitirá una primera reflexión acerca de los factores que rodean la práctica del bandidaje. Después avanzaremos cronológicamente hacia el siglo XV, siempre atentos a las agrupaciones que, adecuadamente organizadas, tenían capacidad para llevar a cabo delitos graves en despoblado y al contexto en el cual surgían. PALABRAS CLAVE: bandas armadas, Castilla, golfines, nobleza, violencia ABSTRACT It is not difficult to show that the presence of armed bands in the Castilian countryside was quite frequent throughout the XIII-XV centuries. If we go more deeply, we can observe, with relative ease, that their purpose was not only thefts and kidnapping. On the contrary, although varied in their nature, they were fully involved in the political tensions of that period as well as in the framework of the feudal society. This is the study objective of this article. Consequently, we propose to inquire into the wide range of these groups with the aim of making their characteristics, objectives and causes clear. In this way we will confirm that their violence was often guided by the powers of the time and that they served their rules and interests. To this end, we will start by looking at golfines and almogávares of the end of the XIII century. Their behavior will allow us to make an initial reflection about the factors that surround the practice of banditry. Then we will continue chronologically to the XV century, always focused on properly organized groupings that had the capacity to carry out serious offenses in deserted areas and the context in which they arose. KEY WORDS: armed bands, Kingdom of Castile, golfines, nobility, violence
Matemáticas respecto a los 'castra' romanos, relativas a su construcción<br /><em>Mathematics and the construction of the Roman 'castra'</em>
Authors: Fernández-Tejeda Vela José Francisco 
Published: July 2017

RESUMEN Se señala que los distintos tipos de campamentos, tienen relación con la duración de la permanencia en ellos. A la vez se explica, sucintamente, la construcción de un campamento romano. Se propone que el número de soldados munifices, presenta un valor óptimo para asumir un riesgo mínimo por parte de la unidad militar. También se razona respecto a que la descripción realizada por Polibio, no se corresponde con los campamentos que han llegado a nuestros días, y se justifica que la gran mayoría de los campamentos conocidos, son castra necessaria, que no siguen el modelo canónico. PALABRAS CLAVE: campamento romano, riesgo constructivo, soldados munifices, soldados immunes, esfuerzo constructivo ABSTRACT We point out here that the differences between the three types of Roman camps were related to the duration of the stay in them. The construction of a Roman camp is also briefly explained. It is proposed that the number of soldiers munifices is optimal in order to assume minimal risk on the part of the military unit. It is also argued that the description given by Polybius does not correspond with the camps that have survived to the present day and we justify the fact that the vast majority of the camps known are castra necessaria and do not follow the canonical model. KEY WORDS: Roman camp, constructive risk, munifices soldiers, immunes soldiers, constructive effort
Free Ranging Desi Poultry As A Component In Maize Integrated Farming System And Its Effect On Growth And Yield Of Maize (Zea Mays L.)
Authors: M. Mohamed Amanullah T. Ananthi, 
Published: July 2017

A field experiment was conducted in farmers field at Devarayapuram village, Coimbatore during kharif, 2016 and winter 2016 -17 to study the effect of introducing free ranging desi poultry in maize integrated farming system and its on growth and yield of maize. The popular maize hybrid CP 804 was used as test variety. Two farming systems viz., Maize (Aug to Nov) – Maize (Dec to Mar) and Maize (Aug to Nov) – Maize (Dec to Mar) + desi poultry (two hens and one rooster in 3 cents) were evaluated under field conditions. The maize + desi poultry recorded better growth parameters, yield attributes and yield than maize under sole maize. Maize – Maize cropping system along with desi poultry lowered the weed density and dry weight during critical stage of the crop growth. The increase in yield under maize + desi poultry was negligible when compared to grain yield of sole maize. The yield attributes viz., cob length, cob girth, number of grain rows cob-1, number of grains row-1, cob weight and test weight were slightly higher under maize + desi poultry farming systems. The treatment combination of maize with desi poultry recorded higher available soil nutrients (NPK) than sole maize cropping system.
Postoperative Considerations Following Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Ramos Nicholas , Dold Andrew , Youm Thomas 
Published: July 2017

* The volume of hip arthroscopies performed over the past decade has grown tremendously and the sustained growth of these procedures can be expected as surgical techniques improve and indications expand.* With this growth, delineating the optimal postoperative management for these patients will become increasingly important.* Surgeons performing hip arthroscopy should be wary of common postoperative complications and pitfalls and should be able to distinguish these complications from normal expected recovery.* Postoperative rehabilitation protocols should be tailored to the specific procedure performed and advanced according to patient progression rather than predetermined time points.* To our knowledge, there has been a lack of high-level evidence guiding postoperative protocols and most recommendations have been based on retrospective reviews, surgeon experience, and biomechanical studies.
University Teaching - recognition and reward
Authors: Glaister Paul 
Published: July 2017

Teaching in universities has increased in importance in recent years which, in part, is a consequence of the change in funding of universities from block grants to student tuition fees. Various initiatives have been made which serve to raise the profile of teaching and give it greater recognition. It is also important that teaching is recognised even more fully and widely, and crucially that it is rewarded accordingly. We propose a mechanism for recognising and rewarding university teaching that is based on a review process that is supported by documented evidence whose outcomes can be fed into performance and development reviews, and used to inform decisions about reward and promotion, as well as the review of probationary status where appropriate.
Introducing the logic of hypothesis tests though randomisation tests.
Authors: Hewson Paul 
Published: July 2017

There has been a lot of interest in the use of randomisation tests as a pedagogic alternative to hypothesis tests (Zieffler, 2012), although proposals to use randomisation tests in research are far from new (e.g. Hooton, 1991) with Good (2000) being an updated classic text in this area. This article will present a classroom activity that demonstrates the randomisation tests as a means of understanding several of the concepts around hypothesis testing a manner that is as friendly as possible for maths-phobic and indeed computer-phobic students.
Rethinking the final year project report: cutting out the waffle
Authors: Hunt Aoife , Bradshaw Noel-Ann 
Published: July 2017

All final year students in the Department of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Greenwich undertake either a weekly placement or the research methods and project module. The assessment for the project module is made up of a group project, followed by an individual project. In 2012 the University’s academic calendar and term structure was changed following recommendations during the UG-Flex project, which advocated the flexibility of a trimester calendar (JISC, 2012). This resulted in the research methods and project students having a significantly shorter period of time to write up their research. As a result, the individual project assessment was redesigned to incorporate a seven-page, ‘research paper’ style report, cognate to journal articles that students necessarily encounter as part of their research. This paper describes the format of the new report, and discusses findings and feedback from academic staff. In particular, external examiners have commented very favourably on this format and think other HEIs might benefit from adopting a similar approach to project reports.
An undergraduate uses OR to improve Final Exam Schedules at her university
Authors: Sienko Danielle , Ache III Paul , Lu Yun , Vasko Francis Joseph , Witryk Ted 
Published: July 2017

Final examination scheduling is typically a complex problem that impacts students, faculty, and administrators at every university. In this paper, we describe how an undergraduate student, for her senior project at Kutztown University, analysed the final exam schedules at Kutztown University to see if she could improve them. Specifically, she wanted to see if she could reduce student conflicts defined to be a student having three exams scheduled on the same day. The approach that she developed, based on a balanced bin packing algorithm, was very appealing because it could be implemented manually by a staff member of the Registrar’s office, requiring at most 30 minutes to generate the schedule. Testing this approach using actual data from the Fall 2015 semester resulted in a 42% reduction in student conflicts. This approach, because of its simplicity and intuitive appeal, was widely accepted by the Kutztown University faculty and administrators and is being implemented for the Fall 2016 semester.
A eficácia da terapia fotodinâmica no tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico
Authors: Oliveira Camila Lima de , Santos Kaiza de Sousa , Fernandes Neto José de Alencar , Batista Ana Luzia Araújo , Medeiros Carmen Lúcia Soares Gomes de , Catão Maria Helena Chaves de Vasconcelos 
Published: July 2017

Introdução: A periodontia é uma especialidade odontológica que visa promover a saúde dos tecidos periodontais através do controle dos agentes etiológicos das periodontopatogenias, os microrganismos. Apesar da raspagem e alisamento coronoradicular consistir em um tratamento mecânico bastante utilizado, tal terapia não consegue proporcionar o controle dos patógenos nas áreas de difíceis instrumentação, motivo pelo qual torna-se necessário a utilização de terapias complementares que reduzam os redutos bacterianos em locais inacessíveis aos instrumentos periodontais. Objetivo: Relatar informações sobre o mecanismo de ação, aplicabilidade e eficácia da terapia fotodinâmica no tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico. Material e método: Foi realizado uma revisão de literatura conduzida através do acesso às bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed, Scielo e Lilacs e Periódicos Capes. Como estratégica de busca utilizou-se as palavras chaves “Laser”, “Photodynamic Therapy” e “Periodontal Disease”. Resultados: Redução bacteriana e efeitos colaterais mínimos são vantagens atribuídas à terapia fotodinâmica, no entanto, a literatura evidencia estudos que apresentam resultados controversos quanto ao efeito adicional da terapia fotodinâmica no tratamento periodontal. Conclusão: É necessária a padronização dos protocolos empreendidos para que se obtenha dados mais esclarecedores sobre a eficácia da terapia fotodinâmica no tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico. Descritores: Fotoquimioterapia; Lasers; Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade; Doenças Periodontais; Periodontia.
Water and sanitation management in medieval Portugal
Authors: Di Berardino S. E. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Water and sanitation played a crucial role in the evolution of Portugal and its empire, which in the sixteenth century dominated large portions of the world. Two relevant civilizations, the Roman Empire and the Arab invasion, had great influence on Portugal's water and sanitation knowledge. Following the creation of Portugal in AD 1143, the Cistercian order was called for removing Arab influence and received large domains, where it built large monasteries, all provided with remarkable examples of water supply, sanitation and waste management, merging the Roman background in sanitary engineering with the local Arab experience. One of them, the Monastery of Christ in Tomar, is provided with a brilliant water and waste self-sustainable system, based on rainwater collection and storage, wastewater treatment and application in agriculture of treated waste and effluent. It testifies to the experience and innovative expertise of the Cistercian Order in sanitary/hydraulic engineering. It shows also one of the world's first examples of a wastewater treatment plant. Their knowledge influenced also the lifestyle and water management of Portuguese medieval cities, ruled by municipalism, and protected the population from pestilence until the first half of the fourteenth century, making Portugal a powerful country, in contrast with the rest of Europe.
Особливості фагоцитарної активності моноцитів та нейтрофілів у хворих на анкілозивний спондилоартрит з ожирінням залежно від носійcтва HLA B27-антигена
Authors: Hayevska V.Yu. 
Published: July 2017

Актуальність. Анкілозивний спондилоартрит (АС, хвороба Бехтерева) — значно поширена патологія в усьому світі. Мета дослідження: установити взаємозв’язок між носійством гена HLA B27 та станом імунної системи у хворих на АС. Матеріали та методи. Під нашим спостереженням перебувало 68 хворих на АС з ожирінням. Усім пацієнтам були проведені загальнолабораторні та спеціальні для АС обстеження, що містили загальний аналіз крові з лейкоформулою (%, г/л), визначення швидкості осідання еритроцитів, рівня С-реактивного протеїну, протеїнограми, ревматоїдного фактора, ВІЛ-носійства, HCV- і HBV-специфічних антитіл та HLA B27-носійства. Результати. У хворих на АС спостерігається більш посилений оксидантний вибух при слабкій стимуляції. Установлені особливості вказують, що у хворих на АС досліджувані зміни функціональної активності фагоцитів є менш вираженими порівняно з полінуклеарними нейтрофілами і в основному страждає резервна слабостимульована їх окисно-відновна функція, що в них стимулюється. Вказані зміни можна охарактеризувати певними генетичними особливостями зміненої продукції окисно-відновних ферментів цими клітинами з включенням компенсаторних механізмів за рахунок спонтанного окисно-відновного вибуху. Висновки. У хворих на АС із носійством HLA B27-гена встановлено посилення спонтанного та фізіологічного оксидантного вибуху нейтрофілів та фізіологічного — моноцитів, що може слугувати раннім предиктором виникнення автоімунного процесу в організмі людини.
Crowdfunding y el financiamiento de pyme en Colombia
Authors: Pesca Gómez Humbolth Antonio 
Published: July 2017

La financiación colectiva, alternativa o crowdfunding se ha catalogado como un fenómeno tecnológico, social y de emprendimiento, de muy rápido crecimiento en el sector de los servicios financieros y se proyecta como una alternativa a los servicios bancarios ofrecidos por la banca tradicional. Uno de los aspectos más destacables de este modelo financiero alternativo crowdfunding, es que es innovador, tanto en términos de modelos de negocio y de plataformas tecnológicas. Estos modelos operan exclusivamente en línea, en sitios web y se han diseñado de acuerdo a las necesidades del cliente y del inversor. Es una forma de respuesta a la coyuntura económica que sevive en el mundo, representada en el recorte de las fuentes de financiamiento a las Pyme, presentándose como una excelente alternativa en la obtención de recursos para el financiamiento de sus proyectos. Con este trabajo se busca entender el potencial de los modelos crowdfunding, como vehículo de financiación necesario para las Pyme.ABSTRACTThe collective, alternative financing or crowdfunding has been catalogued as atechnological, social and entrepreneurial phenomenon of very rapid growth in the financial services sector and is projected as an alternative to the banking services offered by traditional banks. One of the most outstanding aspects of this alternative business crowdfunding model is that it is innovative, both in terms of technological platforms and business models. These models operate exclusively online, on web sites and have been designed according to the needs of customer and investor. This new business model is a form of response to the economic situation that exists in the world, represented in cutting sources of financing to SMEs, presenting itself as an excellent alternative in obtaining resources to finance their projects. This work seeks tounderstand the potential of models crowdfunding, as a vehicle for financing necessary for SMEs. Fecha de recepción: 12 de septiembre de 2016Fecha de aprobación: 16 de noviembre de 2016Fecha de publicación: 6 de enero de 2017
előzetes letartóztatás néhány gyakorlati kérdése
Authors: Holhós-Kovács Szilárd 
Published: July 2017

The pre-trial detention is the strictest coercive measures against a defendant in the criminal procedure. It is the most serious intervention to the private life before the final judgement. The decision of it is exclusively in the competence of courts.
There are several legal reasons to issue a preliminary warrant. The pre-trial detention of the defendant may take place in a proceeding related to a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment, and only under the following conditions.
a) the defendant has escaped, or has attempted to escape, or absconded from the court, the prosecutor or the investigating authority, or another procedure has been launched against the defendant for commiting a deliberate criminal offence also punishable by imprisonment,
b) owing to the risk o fan escape or hiding, or for other reasons, there is reasonable cause to beleive that the presence of the defendant in procedural actions cannot be otherwise ensured,
c) there is reasonable cause to beleive that if left at liberty, the defendant would frustrate, obstruct or jeopardise the evidentiary procedure, especially by means of influencing or intimidating the witnesses, or by the destruction, falsification or secretion of physical evidence or documents,
d) there is reasonable cause to believe thet if left at liberty, the defendant would accomplish the attempted or planned criminal offence or commit another criminal offence punishable by imprisonment.
If the conclusive decision does not become final at the time of its announcement, the court shall immediately make a decision on pre-trial detention. The pre-trial detention may also be ordered – in addition to the reasons stipulated in a), b) and d) – owing to the risk that the accused may escape or hide, taken the duration of the imprisonment imposed in the verdict.
The judge has to support his or her decision with batter of statistics to establish these reasons. This essay shows the necessery examination of the legal reasons.
Skócia és Anglia – reform a tisztességtelen kereskedelmi gyakorlatok terén
Authors: Tárczy Edit Zsuzsanna 
Published: July 2017

After the implementation of the 2005/29/EC Directive on unfair commercial practices (hereafter: UCPD) in the United Kingdom is has been discovered that the misleading and the aggressive practices are targeting many people. Some of them moreover damage the reputation of the traders who act legally, and the reputation of the market.
So, the Scottish Law Commission and the Law Commission for England and Wales want to create a new system on remedies. Because of this aim the two commission started a consultation in April, it ended in July.
Presently, The Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 (hereafter: CPRs) – which was one of the regulations which have implemented the rules of the UCPD – contains rules on the liability for unfair commercial practices, and - according to the rules – the realization of the practices is an offence.
But in respect of civil law the rules don’t have unity: the rules of misrepresentation are applied in the case of misleading practices, but in the case of aggressive practices there aren’t rules.
The two commissions want to create a new consumer protection act, which will complete the rules of the CPRs. In this act there will be two levels of remedies:

on the first level the main aim will be the restoration of original condition (before the contract)
on the second level the main aim will be the compensation.

The commissions hope that after the reform the following will be:

because of the clearer rules the claims will become more successful
because of the clearer rules the traders’ - who are acting legally - costs will decrease
the costs of the organizations – which are dealing with consumer protection – will decrease after the reform, and the proceedings of them – perhaps – become more successful.

The two commissions will publish the data from the consultation in March 2012.
Desconcentración poblacional en la región Centro de México
Authors: Negrete María Eugenia 
Published: July 2017

Con distintos términos: expansión metropolitana, formación de una megalópolis, consolidación del sistema urbano central, proceso de suburbanización, concentración ampliada, etc., se hace referencia al proceso de redistribución territorial de la población que experimenta la región Centro de México en los últimos 25 años. La autora prefiere el de “desconcentración”.Hay más reconocimiento político que claridad conceptual respecto a lo que está ocurriendo realmente en este ámbito espacial. Este trabajo marcha en la segunda dirección y para ello intenta precisar las dimensiones que ha alcanzado hasta el momento este fenómeno desde el punto de vista poblacional, explorando la trayectoria demográfica general de esta zona y particular de cada entidad que la compone. Enfoca también las transformaciones generales a escala municipal para identificar con más precisión los lugares de atracción y rechazo, y en la segunda parte esboza un panorama de la nueva migración regional haciendo énfasis en la diversidad de los flujos y en la variedad de su composición.
Noticias del Grupo Guatemala-México Migración y Desarrollo
Authors: Castillo Manuel Ángel 
Published: July 2017

Los días 12 y 13 de febrero de 2004 se llevó a cabo en la Ciudad de México la Sexta Reunión del Grupo Guatemala-México Migración y Desarrollo. En esta ocasión el objetivo de la reunión fue la presentación —ante el gobierno y la sociedad mexicanos— del documento: “Las migraciones y el desarrollo entre Guatemala y México: una propuesta de elementos de política y acciones”.Dicho documento expone el resultado de 18 meses de trabajo del Grupo e integra, además de sus antecedentes y constitución, los diez principios y preceptos que, según sus miembros, deben regir los procesos migratorios en la región. Asimismo, propone tanto elementos de política como algunas acciones prioritarias que en materia de protección consular y de relaciones laborales entre ambos países, debieran adoptar sus respectivos gobiernos.