bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small animal disease surveillance: respiratory disease
Authors: Sánchez‐Vizcaíno Fernando , Daly Janet M. , Jones Philip H. , Dawson Susan , Gaskell Rosalind , Menacere Tarek , Heayns Bethaney , Wardeh Maya , Newman Jenny , Everitt Sally , Day Michael J. , McConnell Katie , Noble Peter J. M. , Radford Alan D. 
Published: April 2016

Presentation for respiratory disease comprised 1.7 per cent, 2.3 per cent and 2.5 per cent of canine, feline and rabbit consultations, respectively, between January 2014 and December 2015
Coughing was the most frequent respiratory sign reported in dogs (71.1 per cent of consultations); in cats it was sneezing (42.6 per cent)
Mean percentage of samples testing positive for feline calicivirus (FCV) was 30.1 per cent in 2014 and 27.9 per cent in 2015
January was the month with the highest percentage of FCV‐positive samples in both 2014 and 2015
Electron correlation effects beyond the random phase approximation
Authors: Fan J. D. , Malozovsky Y. M. 
Published: April 2016

The methods that have been used to deal with a many-particle system can be basically sorted into three types: Hamiltonian, field theory and phenomenological method. The first two methods are more popular. Traditionally, the Hamiltonian method has been widely adopted in the conventional electronic theory for metals, alloys and semiconductors. Basically, the mean-field approximation (MFA) that has been working well for a weakly coupled system like a metal is employed to simplify a Hamiltonian corresponding to a particular electron system. However, for a strongly coupled many-particle system like a cuprate superconductor MFA should in principle not apply. Therefore, the field theory on the basis of Green’s function and the Feynman diagrams must be invoked. In this method, one is however more familiar with the random phase approximation (RPA) that gives rise to the same results as MFA because of being short of the information for higher-order terms of interaction. For a strongly coupled electron system, it is obvious that one has to deal with higher-order terms of a pair interaction to get a correct solution. Any ignorance of the higher-order terms implies that the more sophisticated information contained in those terms is discarded. However, to date one has not reached a consensus on how to deal with the higher-order terms beyond RPA. We preset here a method that is termed the diagrammatic iteration approach (DIA) and able to derive higher-order terms of the interaction from the information of lower-order ones on the basis of Feynman diagram, with which one is able to go beyond RPA step by step. It is in principle possible that all of higher-order terms can be obtained, and then sorted to groups of diagrams. It turns out that each of the groups can be replaced by an equivalent one, forming a diagrammatic Dyson-equation-like relation. The diagrammatic solution is eventually “translated” to a four-dimensional integral equation. The method can be applied to a layered 2D system that is a model system of cuprate superconductors and others such as atomic, nuclear, heavy-fermion systems, etc.
Free idempotent generated semigroups over bands and biordered sets with trivial products
Authors: Dandan Yang , Gould Victoria 
Published: April 2016

For any biordered set of idempotents [Formula: see text] there is an initial object [Formula: see text], the free idempotent generated semigroup over[Formula: see text], in the category of semigroups generated by a set of idempotents biorder-isomorphic to [Formula: see text]. Recent research on [Formula: see text] has focused on the behavior of the maximal subgroups. Inspired by an example of Brittenham, Margolis and Meakin, several proofs have been offered that any group occurs as a maximal subgroup of some [Formula: see text], the latest being that of Dolinka and Ruškuc, who show that [Formula: see text] can be taken to be a band. From a result of Easdown, Sapir and Volkov, periodic elements of any [Formula: see text] lie in subgroups. However, little else is known of the “global” properties of [Formula: see text], other than that it need not be regular, even where [Formula: see text] is a semilattice. The aim of this paper is to deepen our understanding of the overall structure of [Formula: see text] in the case where [Formula: see text] is a biordered set with trivial products (for example, the biordered set of a poset) or where [Formula: see text] is the biordered set of a band [Formula: see text].Since its introduction by Fountain in the late 1970s, the study of abundant and related semigroups has given rise to a deep and fruitful research area. The class of abundant semigroups extends that of regular semigroups in a natural way and itself is contained in the class of weakly abundant semigroups. Our main results show that (1) if [Formula: see text] is a biordered set with trivial products then [Formula: see text] is abundant and (if [Formula: see text] is finite) has solvable word problem, and (2) for any band [Formula: see text], the semigroup [Formula: see text] is weakly abundant and moreover satisfies a natural condition called the congruence condition. Further, [Formula: see text] is abundant for a normal band [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] satisfies a given technical condition, and we give examples of such [Formula: see text]. On the other hand, we give an example of a normal band [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is not abundant.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Endow Stem-like Qualities to Breast Cancer Cells through IL6/STAT3 and NO/NOTCH Cross-talk Signaling
Authors: Peng Dongjun , Tanikawa Takashi , Li Wei , Zhao Lili , Vatan Linda , Szeliga Wojciech , Wan Shanshan , Wei Shuang , Wang Yin , Liu Yan , Staroslawska Elzbieta , Szubstarski Franciszek , Rolinski Jacek , Grywalska Ewelina , Stanisławek Andrzej , Polkowski Wojciech , Kurylcio Andrzej , Kleer Celina , Chang Alfred E. , Wicha Max , Sabel Michael , Zou Weiping , Kryczek Ilona 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) contribute to immune suppression in cancer, but the mechanisms through which they drive metastatic progression are not fully understood. In this study, we show how MDSC convey stem-like qualities to breast cancer cells that coordinately help enable immune suppression and escape. We found that MDSC promoted tumor formation by enhancing breast cancer cell stem-like properties as well as by suppressing T-cell activation. Mechanistic investigations indicated that these effects relied upon cross-talk between the STAT3 and NOTCH pathways in cancer cells, with MDSC inducing IL6-dependent phosphorylation of STAT3 and activating NOTCH through nitric oxide leading to prolonged STAT3 activation. In clinical specimens of breast cancer, the presence of MDSC correlated with the presence of cancer stem-like cells (CSC) and independently predicted poor survival outcomes. Collectively, our work revealed an immune-associated mechanism that extrinsically confers cancer cell stemness properties and affects patient outcome. We suggest that targeting STAT3-NOTCH cross-talk between MDSC and CSC could offer a unique locus to improve cancer treatment, by coordinately targeting a coupled mechanism that enables cancer stemness and immune escape. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3156–65. ©2016 AACR.
The Role of Cholesterol in Cancer
Authors: Kuzu Omer F. , Noory Mohammad A. , Robertson Gavin P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe roles played by cholesterol in cancer development and the potential of therapeutically targeting cholesterol homeostasis is a controversial area in the cancer community. Several epidemiologic studies report an association between cancer and serum cholesterol levels or statin use, while others suggest that there is not one. Furthermore, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project using next-generation sequencing has profiled the mutational status and expression levels of all the genes in diverse cancers, including those involved in cholesterol metabolism, providing correlative support for a role of the cholesterol pathway in cancer development. Finally, preclinical studies tend to more consistently support the role of cholesterol in cancer, with several demonstrating that cholesterol homeostasis genes can modulate development. Because of space limitations, this review provides selected examples of the epidemiologic, TCGA, and preclinical data, focusing on alterations in cholesterol homeostasis and its consequent effect on patient survival. In melanoma, this focused analysis demonstrated that enhanced expression of cholesterol synthesis genes was associated with decreased patient survival. Collectively, the studies in melanoma and other cancer types suggested a potential role of disrupted cholesterol homeostasis in cancer development but additional studies are needed to link population-based epidemiological data, the TCGA database results, and preclinical mechanistic evidence to concretely resolve this controversy. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2063–70. ©2016 AACR.
HuR Contributes to TRAIL Resistance by Restricting Death Receptor 4 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Romeo Carmella , Weber Matthew C. , Zarei Mahsa , DeCicco Danielle , Chand Saswati N. , Lobo Angie D. , Winter Jordan M. , Sawicki Janet A. , Sachs Jonathan N. , Meisner-Kober Nicole , Yeo Charles J. , Vadigepalli Rajanikanth , Tykocinski Mark L. , Brody Jonathan R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal cancers, in part, due to resistance to both conventional and targeted therapeutics. TRAIL directly induces apoptosis through engagement of cell surface Death Receptors (DR4 and DR5), and has been explored as a molecular target for cancer treatment. Clinical trials with recombinant TRAIL and DR-targeting agents, however, have failed to show overall positive outcomes. Herein, we identify a novel TRAIL resistance mechanism governed by Hu antigen R (HuR, ELAV1), a stress-response protein abundant and functional in PDA cells. Exogenous HuR overexpression in TRAIL-sensitive PDA cell lines increases TRAIL resistance whereas silencing HuR in TRAIL-resistant PDA cells, by siRNA oligo-transfection, decreases TRAIL resistance. PDA cell exposure to soluble TRAIL induces HuR translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that HuR interacts with the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of DR4 mRNA. Pre-treatment of PDA cells with MS-444 (Novartis), an established small molecule inhibitor of HuR, substantially increased DR4 and DR5 cell surface levels and enhanced TRAIL sensitivity, further validating HuR's role in affecting TRAIL apoptotic resistance. NanoString analyses on the transcriptome of TRAIL-exposed PDA cells identified global HuR-mediated increases in antiapoptotic processes. Taken together, these data extend HuR's role as a key regulator of TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
Implications: Discovery of an important new HuR-mediated TRAIL resistance mechanism suggests that tumor-targeted HuR inhibition increases sensitivity to TRAIL-based therapeutics and supports their re-evaluation as an effective treatment for PDA patients. Mol Cancer Res; 14(7); 599–611. ©2016 AACR.
Remotely Sensed Land Skin Temperature as a Spatial Predictor of Air Temperature across the Conterminous United States
Authors: Oyler Jared W. , Dobrowski Solomon Z. , Holden Zachary A. , Running Steven W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRemotely sensed land skin temperature (LST) is increasingly being used to improve gridded interpolations of near-surface air temperature. The appeal of LST as a spatial predictor of air temperature rests in the fact that it is an observation available at spatial resolutions fine enough to capture topoclimatic and biophysical variations. However, it remains unclear if LST improves air temperature interpolations over what can already be obtained with simpler terrain-based predictor variables. Here, the relationship between LST and air temperature is evaluated across the conterminous United States (CONUS). It is found that there are significant differences in the ability of daytime and nighttime observations of LST to improve air temperature interpolations. Daytime LST mainly indicates finescale biophysical variation and is generally a poorer predictor of maximum air temperature than simple linear models based on elevation, longitude, and latitude. Moderate improvements to maximum air temperature interpolations are thus limited to specific mountainous areas in winter, to coastal areas, and to semiarid and arid regions where daytime LST likely captures variations in evaporative cooling and aridity. In contrast, nighttime LST represents important topoclimatic variation throughout the mountainous western CONUS and significantly improves nighttime minimum air temperature interpolations. In regions of more homogenous terrain, nighttime LST also captures biophysical patterns related to land cover. Both daytime and nighttime LST display large spatial and seasonal variability in their ability to improve air temperature interpolations beyond simpler approaches.
What telomeres say about activity and health: A rapid review
Authors: To-Miles Flora Y. L. , Backman Catherine L. 
Published: April 2016

Background. Empirical studies on occupation as a determinant of health could be advanced with research incorporating biological measures of health. Telomere length and telomerase function are promising biomarkers of the interaction of genetics, lifestyle, and behaviour; however, they have not been used in occupational therapy research. Purpose. This paper reviews current evidence on the role of physical and mindfulness activities in sustaining telomeres. The findings are applied to the study of occupation, health, and aging. Method. A rapid review was conducted with an evidence synthesis of 23 studies published from 2008 to 2014. Findings. Mindfulness activities may preserve telomeres, slow cell senescence and death, and sustain health through mediating life stressors. Inconsistencies exist for the effect of physical activities on telomeres. Implications. Similar research examining a range of occupations may help to identify the health-promoting benefits of occupation and inform lifestyle interventions.
Identification of downstream target genes regulated by the nitric oxide–soluble guanylate cyclase–cyclic guanosine monophosphate signal pathway in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Zou Lihui , Xu Xiaomao , Zhai Zhenguo , Yang Ting , Jin Junhua , Xiao Fei , Wang Chen 
Published: April 2016

Objective To investigate the downstream target genes regulated by the nitric oxide–soluble guanylate cyclase–cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-sGC-cGMP) signal pathway and their possible roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods Digital gene expression tag profiling was performed to identify genes that are differentially expressed after activation of the NO-sGC-cGMP signal pathway in human pulmonary artery smooth muscles cells using 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate, BAY 41-2272 and BAY 60-2770. Results were confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene ontology and signal transduction network analyses were also performed. Results A number of genes were differentially expressed, including MMP1, SERPINB2, GREM1 and IL8. A total of 68 gene ontology terms and seven pathways were found to be associated with these genes. Most of these genes are involved in cell proliferation, cell migration and apoptosis, which may contribute to the pathological pulmonary vascular remodelling in PH. Conclusion These results may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of PH.
Current Capabilities and Limitations of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applied Mathematical Equations in Determining Whole-Body Vitamin A Status
Authors: Lietz Georg , Furr Harold C. , Gannon Bryan M. , Green Michael H. , Haskell Marjorie , Lopez-Teros Veronica , Novotny Janet A. , Palmer Amanda C. , Russell Robert M. , Tanumihardjo Sherry A. , Van Loo-Bouwman Carolien A. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Retinol isotope dilution (RID) methodology provides a quantitative estimate of total body vitamin A (VA) stores and is the best method currently available for assessing VA status in adults and children. The methodology has also been used to test the efficacy of VA interventions in a number of low-income countries. Infections, micronutrient deficiencies (eg, iron and zinc), liver disease, physiological age, pregnancy, and lactation are known or hypothesized to influence the accuracy of estimating total body VA stores using the isotope dilution technique. Objective: Our objectives were to review the strengths and limitations of RID methods, to discuss what is known about the impact of various factors on results, and to summarize contributions of model-based compartmental analysis to assessing VA status. Methods: Relevant published literature is reviewed and discussed. Results: Various equations and compartmental modeling have been used to estimate the total body VA stores using stable isotopes, including a newer 3-day equation that provides an estimate of total body VA stores in healthy adults. At present, there is insufficient information on absorption of the isotope tracer, and there is a need to further investigate how various factors impact the application of RID techniques in field studies. Conclusions: Isotope dilution methodology can provide useful estimates of total body VA stores in apparently healthy populations under controlled study conditions. However, more research is needed to determine whether the method is suitable for use in settings where there is a high prevalence of infection, iron deficiency, and/or liver disease.
Ethno-Racial Variation in Recovery From Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Whitley Rob 
Published: April 2016

Objective: Purpose-driven studies examining the relationship between ethnicity, culture, and recovery are absent from the empirical literature. As such, the overall aim of this study was to examine ethno-racial variations in recovery perspectives. Specific objectives consist of comparing and contrasting ethno-racial variations in 1) definitions of recovery, 2) barriers to recovery, and 3) facilitators of recovery. Methods: We recruited people with severe mental illness from 2 broad ethno-racial groups (Caribbean-Canadian and Euro-Canadian) to partake in a qualitative interview on recovery ( n = 47). Participants were asked to give their own definitions of recovery, as well as self-perceived barriers and facilitators. Interview transcripts were then subjected to thematic analysis. We compared and contrasted the distribution and salience of emerging themes between the Euro-Canadian and Caribbean-Canadian participants. Results: Recovery was consistently defined as a gradual process involving progress in key life domains including employment, social engagement, and community participation by both groups. This was underpinned by a growing future orientation. Stigma, financial strain, and psychiatric hospitalization were considered major barriers to recovery in both groups. Participants from both groups generally considered stated definitions of recovery to be simultaneous facilitators of recovery—employment and social engagement being the most frequently mentioned. God and religion were key facilitators for the Caribbean-Canadian group but not for Euro-Canadians. Conclusions: Definitions, barriers, and facilitators to recovery were generally shared among our sample, regardless of ethno-racial status, with the exception of God and religion.
What is war good for? Background ideas and assumptions about the legitimacy, utility, and costs of offensive war
Authors: Crawford Neta C 
Published: April 2016

Explores the concept of ‘background’ taken-for-granted ideas in politics, linking this notion to Habermas’ ‘lifeworld’ and Focault’s ‘episteme’ Explicates decision-makers’ background ideas about the utility and effectiveness of war Suggests that offensive war is not as effective as decision-makers tend to assume and that decision-makers tend to discount the costs of war Shows that beliefs about the effectiveness of war—specifically the articulation of military necessity and proportionality—tend to weaken the just war and international law limitations on war ‘Background ideas’ are the essential foundation for decision-making, action, and institutionalized practices. These ideas are sometimes explicitly articulated—when defended or asserted in new contexts—but more often simply assumed and unstated. Decision-makers often believe that war works—that it is effective—and moreover that war can achieve objectives at comparatively low cost. Jus ad bellum and jus in bello considerations in the just war tradition—including last resort, necessity, probability of success, and proportionality, and the idea of double effect—are also explicitly concerned with utility—whether and when war works. Utility is also an essential element in the discourse about military necessity. Does war work? What is it good for? Why does it tend to extremes of violence? What are its costs? How do decision-makers hold onto beliefs about the utility of war in the face of disconfirming evidence?
Assessing glare. Part 2: Modifying Unified Glare Rating for uniform and non-uniform LED luminaires
Authors: Yang Y , Luo M Ronnier , Ma SN 
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes a new glare model for assessing discomfort glare caused by LED luminaires having different luminance uniformities. It has been derived from the glare rating data for different groups of LED luminaires representing different degrees of luminance uniformity. In total, 5040 glare ratings were collected. Unified Glare Rating was tested using these data. It was found that Unified Glare Rating under-estimates the glare perception produced by non-uniform luminance glare sources. Furthermore, two modified Unified Glare Rating models proposed by Tashiro et al. and by the present authors were tested. They both performed well when predicting the results for LED luminaires having different luminance uniformities.
Women Leaders in a Predominantly Male-Dominated Society
Authors: Moreno Patricia , McLean Gary N. 
Published: April 2016

The Problem This qualitative (phenomenological) study focused on gaining a deep understanding of the experiences of women leaders in Mexico, a predominantly male-dominated culture. Seven women leaders were interviewed to share their personal experiences, reflections, feelings, ideas, and actions related to their leadership positions in different arenas, such as corporate, political, academic, and non-profit organizations. The Solution We conducted a thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews to discover commonalities among the experiences of the participants. The analysis revealed six themes: academic preparation is necessary, there are innate characteristics, decisions are made under principles and ethical values, the job itself is very important, the goal is to find a balance between personal and professional time, and the leadership position gives benefits. The Stakeholders This research has implications for human resource development (HRD) practitioners, academics, and executives. HRD practitioners can design more effective interventions, deliver more effective training and leadership programs, and provide opportunities focused on women interested in reaching top executive positions. This research suggests the importance of future research, both qualitative and quantitative in Mexico, focusing on research of women, Mexican women, and Mexican women leaders.