bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nrf2 deficiency in muscle attenuates experimental autoimmune myositis‐induced muscle weakness
Authors: Himori Koichi , Yamada Mami , Onoki Takahiro , Matsumaru Daisuke , Motohashi Hozumi , Okutsu Mitsuharu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIdiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are systemic autoimmune diseases characterised by muscle weakness. Although multiple physiological and pathological processes are associated with IIMs, T‐lymphocyte infiltration into muscle plays a key role in the development and exacerbation of IIMs. Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that regulates inflammatory responses; therefore, muscle Nrf2 may serve an important role in the development of IIMs. In this study, we demonstrated that experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) causes loss of muscle mass and function in oxidative and glycolytic muscles in C57BL/6 mice. EAM increased CD4+ and CD8+ T‐lymphocyte infiltration, as well as interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) mRNA expression in oxidative soleus and glycolytic extensor digitorum longus muscles, along with elevated chemokine mRNA levels (i.e. CCL3, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL16). IFN‐γ and TNF‐α treatments increased the mRNA expression levels of these chemokines in C2C12 myotubes. EAM also increased phosphorylated Nrf2 at Ser40 in soleus and glycolytic white vastus lateralis muscle. Although the expression of several chemokines was affected by Nrf2 activation following tert‐butylhydroquinone treatment or Keap1 knockdown, CCL5 mRNA expression significantly increased in C2C12 myotubes and mouse skeletal muscle. Moreover, muscle‐specific Nrf2 knockout in mice attenuates EAM‐induced loss of muscle mass and function, which was associated with the inhibition of CCL5 mRNA expression, CD8+ T‐lymphocyte infiltration and IFN‐γ mRNA expression. Collectively, these findings reveal that regulating Nrf2 activity is a promising therapeutic approach for treating IIM‐mediated muscle weakness.
imageKey points
Experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) causes loss of muscle mass and function.
Loss of muscle mass and function in EAM were associated with increased chemokine mRNA expression (i.e. CCL3, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL16), T‐lymphocyte infiltration and inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression (i.e. IFN‐γ and TNF‐α) in the skeletal muscle.
EAM activated Nrf2 in muscle and increased Nrf2 activity in vivo and in vitro increased CCL5 mRNA expression.
Muscle‐specific Nrf2 knockout in mice attenuated EAM‐induced muscle weakness by inhibiting CCL5 mRNA expression, CD8+ T‐lymphocyte migration and IFN‐γ mRNA expression in muscles.
These results provide further evidence for the potential therapeutic targeting of Nrf2 to mitigate EAM‐induced muscle weakness.
Numerical Study of Bifurcation Structures in Reflected Shock-Wave/Laminar-Boundary-Layer Interaction Within an End-Wall Tube
Authors: Ma Zhuang , Lee Shibo , Zhao Yunlong , Zhang Yang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The primary aim of this study is to analyze the unsteady characteristics of the interaction between a reflected shock wave and a laminar boundary layer in an end-wall shock tube. Our direct numerical simulations at shock Mach numbers of Ms = 1.9, 2.5, and 3.5 using a fifth-order WENO scheme and three-step Runge–Kutta time integration method revealed inhomogeneity and anisotropy in the shock bifurcation. Surprisingly, the upper and lower bifurcated structures maintain a notably asymmetric flow during the forward propagation of the reflected shock bifurcation. The inverse flow in the bifurcation resembles a crooked earthworm structure, exhibiting high-frequency oscillations indicative of instability. However, at higher shock intensities, the earthworm transforms into a stable strip-like configuration, facilitating the entrapment of inverse flow and leading to rapid bifurcation height growth and early convergence. Additionally, isolated islands with high density, temperature, and pressure emerge in the transitional region behind the bifurcated shocks, due to variations in wave propagation speed.
Particulate Flow of a Viscous Fluid Driven by a Torsionally Oscillating Disk
Authors: Ru C. Q. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A novel hydrodynamic model is used to study oscillatory flow of a particle-laden fluid driven by a torsionally oscillating disk. The present model is featured by a modified form of Navier–Stokes equations which is conceptually different than existing related models and enjoys relatively concise mathematical formulation. Explicit expressions are derived for the radial, azimuthal and axial velocities using the method of power series expansions of small amplitude parameter, and the derived solutions reduce to Rosenblat's earlier results for a clear fluid driven by a torsionally oscillating disk in the absence of suspended particles. The implications of the present results to dusty gases are discussed in detail with particular interest in the effects of suspended particles on the decay indexes and wavelengths of the induced oscillatory velocity fields. The results obtained in this work can be used to quantify the effects of suspended particles on particulate flow driven by a torsionally oscillating disk.
Effect of Laser Power and Diamond Tool Parameters for Micro Laser-Assisted Ductile Mode Material Removal on Fused Silica
Authors: Jahromi Hassan Shirzadi , Mohammadi Hossein , Kode Sai K. , Ellis Jonathan D. , Menon Deepak Ravindra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fused silica is an essential material used in various applications due to its excellent optical and mechanical properties. However, processing it can be challenging due to its high hardness and brittleness, leading to subsurface damage during grinding and polishing operations. Microlaser-assisted ductile mode material removal is a promising technique for achieving high levels of precision and accuracy in material removal. This technique leads to controlled and precise removal of material without inducing cracks or fractures. Despite its advantages, there are several challenges associated with the process, such as selecting the appropriate laser power and diamond tool geometry. In this study, we employed a Universal Mechanical Tester equipped with modified OPTIMUS, a laser-assisted machining technology to investigate the impact of laser and diamond tool geometry on scratch cut quality. Introducing and increasing the laser power demonstrated an improvement of around 251.7% in cut ductility, leading to a decrease in the severity of sub-surface damage. Altering the rake angle from −25 deg to −45 deg resulted in a 45.3% reduction in the critical depth of cuts (DOCs). However, when laser was employed, the critical DOCs increased around 34.4% in ductile mode material removal on fused silica samples, which underscores the criticality of the laser in this process.
Research on Working Mechanism and Structural Optimization of High-Speed Bearing of Tricone Bits Based on Finite Difference Method
Authors: Liu Yang , She Yangzhou , Li Wenqi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To analyze the working mechanism of the floating sleeve bearing of the cone bit, the life of the floating sleeve bearing was tested. The experimental results show that adhesive wear will form on the bearing surface with the increase in temperature, which is the main cause of bearing failure. This article establishes the Reynolds equation and energy equation of the oil film based on the theory of dynamic pressure lubrication of sliding bearings. The equation was numerically solved based on the finite difference method. It determines the rotational speed ratio at the equilibrium based on the trend of the frictional torque and then corrects the eccentricity in the iterative calculation process so as to analyze the tribological performance of the bearings in equilibrium under different clearance ratios. Among them, the improper configuration of the internal and external clearance ratio leads to the increase of the friction torque and the reduction of the bearing capacity. For floating sleeve bearings, the configuration with a large internal clearance and small external clearance should be adopted. Finally, the bearing structure is optimized and numerical calculations show that the tribological performance of the new type of bearings is significantly improved compared with that of ordinary cone bit bearings.
Integrating Friction Noise for In Situ Monitoring of Polymer Wear Performance: A Machine Learning Approach in Tribology
Authors: Chen Shengshan , Cheng Ganlin , Guo Fei , Jia Xiaohong , Wen Xiaohao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Friction and wear between mating surfaces significantly affect the efficiency and performance of mechanical systems. Traditional tribological research relies on post-observation methods, limiting the understanding of dynamic friction behavior. In contrast, in situ monitoring provides real-time insights into evolving friction dynamics. This study employs machine learning to monitor polymer wear performance through friction noise. The predictive accuracy of various machine learning methods, including Extremely Randomized Trees, Gradient-Boosting Decision Trees, AdaBoost, LightGBM, Deep Forest, and Deep Neural Networks, is compared for wear-type classification. Additionally, the LSBoost regression is selected as the optimal method for predicting polymer wear-rates across various temperatures. The results underscore the potential of using friction noise and machine learning for real-time wear monitoring, offering valuable insights for tribological system maintenance and failure prediction.
Thermal-Gas-Elastic Coupling Modeling and Performance Analysis of Foil Cylindrical gas Film Seal Considering Speed Slip, Temperature Jump and Shaft Misalignment
Authors: Chen Long , Chen Yuan , Li Yuntang , Peng Xudong , Li Xiaolu , Wang Dan , Wang Bingqing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Compliant foil cylindrical gas film seal is an advanced sealing technology designed for high-speed and high-temperature conditions in a jet engine. Its design involves using a compliant foil to create a cylindrical sealing surface, achieving adaptive sealing in environments with high pressure differences and rotational speeds. For high-speed and high-temperature operation, a speed slip flow model was established by considering film slip flow, wall temperature jump, foil deformation, and gas viscosity-temperature thermal effects. The variations in the lubrication performance of the foil cylindrical gas film seal with changes in shaft misalignment directions, misalignment angles, and operating parameters were investigated. The speed slip leads to a decrease in gas film lift and an increase in leakage. The wall temperature jump phenomenon caused by speed slip leads to a 2.56% decrease in film temperature. The shaft misalignment angles on the high-pressure and low-pressure sides have different impacts on the flow field, with film pressure and temperature differing by 66.78% and 11.19%, respectively.
Optimal Transport-Based Full Waveform Inversion for Nondestructive Evaluation using Ultrasonic Arrays
Authors: Rossato Daniel , Passarin Thiago A. R. , Guarneri Giovanni A. , Pires Gustavo P. , Pipa Daniel R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a state-of-the-art family of methods for seismic imaging. These methods are based on optimization algorithms and allow for the reconstruction of maps of certain material properties (e.g. sound speed) with high resolution, providing a powerful tool for the assessment of reservoirs of oil and gas. The Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) literature contains some attempts to apply FWI methods using ultrasonic data. One problem that limits this application is the oscillatory nature of ultrasonic signals, which tends to generate local minima in optimization problems formulated with the L2 norm as a measure of data fidelity. This problem is already well documented in seismic imaging and is referred to as cycle skipping. On the other hand, Optimal Transport (OT) optimization methods have been demonstrated to be robust to cycle skipping when used in lieu of the traditional L2 residual minimization for FWI of seismic data, motivating an assessment of their applicability to ultrasound FWI. This work presents an OT-FWI method for the reconstruction of speed maps of metallic structures from signals acquired with ultrasonic arrays. Synthetic data were generated on a finite difference-based acoustic simulator and represent two arrays with 64 elements each and 1MHz center frequency. Results obtained from the simulated data show the robustness of the method with relation to cycle skipping as well as its capacity to reconstruct complex geometries hidden inside structures. All source codes for the implementation of the method using Python 3.12 and CUDA are provided, as well as the simulated data.
Bonded Repairs: Enhancing Structural Integrity and Sustainability of Composite Materials
Authors: Sikdar Shirsendu , Ostachowicz Wiesław 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Composite materials offer high strength, low weight, and excellent corrosion resistance, revolutionizing industries. However, they're prone to damage from impact, fatigue, and environmental exposure, necessitating effective repair techniques for structural integrity. Bonded repairs emerge as reliable solutions, enhancing sustainability and extending structures' lifespan. This article explores their significance, addressing challenges like surface preparation, material compatibility, and environmental factors. It discusses critical aspects such as adhesive selection, quality control, and inspection procedures. Non-destructive evaluation methods, like guided ultrasonics, scrutinize the structural health of repaired components. This investigation aims to provide engineers with a profound understanding of bonded repairs, contributing to ongoing development for ensuring composite materials' safety and reliability. By tackling challenges and employing advanced monitoring techniques, this study contributes to the implementation of bonded repair methodologies, ensuring the safety, reliability, and sustainability of composite materials across diverse applications.
Passive Ultrasonic Guided Waves Acquisition Using Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATS): Design and Experimental Validation
Authors: Carpine Raphaël , Recoquillay Arnaud , Albertini Julien 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Passive ultrasonic guided waves offer a promising solution for the inspection of thin structures such as aircraft fuselage, pipes, or ship hulls, as they are not affected by ambient noise but on the contrary make use of it as a source of mechanical excitation. To that extent, Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) sensors appear to constitute an interesting instrumentation solution, because of the large choice of designs and associated modal selectivity and directivity properties they offer, and because passive applications eliminate the need for actuation, which is the main difficulty with EMAT instrumentation. In this study, we design and test EMATs with various coil geometries and analyze their influence on modal selectivity and directivity. Experimental tests are carried out, using a thin piezoelectric disc for wave generation at first, validating the properties of the receiving EMATs, and then with an air stream as the only excitation source for the full passive configuration. The influence of the coil design on the proper recovery of the ultrasonic signals from the ambient noise but also directivity, modal selectivity and overall sensitivity is discussed. Such sensors coupled with passive techniques could be embedded in structures, enabling their Structural Health Monitoring (SHM).
Frequency Wavenumber Design of Piezoelectric Sensors for Impact Monitoring
Authors: Zhou Shulong , Shen Yanfeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel piezoelectric composite sensor for impact localization detection via the frequency wavenumber design. The piezocomposite transducer comprises of an active layer sandwiched composed of piezoelectric fibers intricately integrated into an epoxy matrix between double Flexible Print Circuit (FPC), providing flexibility to the device and making it suitable for application on non-planar surfaces. The spatial distribution of the electrodes on FPC allows distinguishing the in-coming wave direction by coupling with corresponding wavelength. The incident wave orientation from the impact could be evaluated by comparing the frequency components picked up by the aforementioned transducer. Concurrently, the enhanced directional sensitivity is achieved through the judicious implementation of radially arranged piezoelectric fibers. This research initiates with the theoretical formulation of continuously distributed active material to obtain the shape of the spiral FSAT as a part of the piezoelectric composite device. Subsequently, a three-dimensional impact numerical model is meticulously constructed to demonstrate the good agreement of analytical and numerical results. The corresponding frequencyband of different angular directions are unique in the transducer, coupled with the guided wavelengths generated by the impact pulse. The results show that the proposed method can accurately locate the impact with only two sensors, simultaneously providing a high degree of reliability. The paper finishes with summary, concluding remarks, and suggestions for future work.
A Neural Style Transfer Data Augmentation Strategy as Applied to Total Focusing Method Images: A Classification Task Perspective
Authors: Miorelli Roberto , Jeune Leonard Le , Mahaut Steve , Bannouf Souad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on the use of total focusing method (TFM)-based ultrasonic (UT) imaging inspection for coarse-grained materials such as cast austenitic stainless steel (CASS) in the nuclear industry and addresses the challenges of performing inversion tasks such as defect detection, classification, and localization. The problem of detecting small (e.g., millimeter) defects in thick tubes is not straightforward due to the size of the specimens and the high scattering noise induced by the inspection of CASS, which can potentially hide the presence of defects.
This work proposes a machine learning (ML) based framework that utilizes both simulations and experimental data to address the scarcity of experimental signatures and the weak representativeness of simulations when the specimen's microstructure is unknown. The paper suggests a preliminary analysis based on the use of neural style transfer paradigm to enhance the realism of simulated data using experimental pristine and flawed TFM images. This method aims at increasing the quantity and quality of flawed samples using both numeric simulation data and pristine experimental images taken during the inspection of one CASS pipe. The paper discusses the evaluation of the proposed framework in terms of ML-based defect detection.
Delamination Detection and Investigation at Far-Field in Glare Laminates Using Lamb Waves
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , Haq Mahmoodul , Karpenko Oleksii , Udpa Lalita 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For aerospace applications, Glass-Reinforced Aluminum Laminate (GLARE) Fiber Metal Laminate (FML) presents a compelling advantage over conventional aluminum alloys due to its superior strength-to-weight ratio, tailorable mechanical properties, and resistance to fatigue and corrosion. GLARE consists of alternating layers of thin aluminum and glass fiber-reinforced prepregs. Unlike conventional materials, GLARE is vulnerable to internal damage during fabrication and operation. Nondestructive testing of large-scale GLARE structures remains challenging. This work investigates the use of guided waves for GLARE inspection, focusing on interlaminar delamination and insights into wave propagation. We assessed the effectiveness of the fundamental antisymmetric A0 mode in detecting delamination in two types of GLARE composites: GLARE 1 (Al/0°/Al/0°/Al/0°/Al/0°/Al) and GLARE 5 (Al/0°/Al/90°/Al/90°/Al/0°/Al). A numerical 2D finite-element (FE) model was created in ABAQUS CAE to analyze wave propagation in GLARE. Results show that the A0 mode was sensitive to delamination in both types of GLARES FML studied. Additionally, geometrical measurements of delamination were obtained from wave energy trapping, and positional information of delamination was obtained from the analysis of reflected waves in the reflection regime. The displacement wave field captures in TSL and BSL reveal the interfaces for low and high transmission that are found to be strongly tied with the delamination position and dispersion. At the entry and exit, the A0 Lamb wave behaves differently and experiences multi-point acoustically mismatched interaction, making the signal processing of its propagation challenging.
Acoustic Emission Entropy: A Realtime Damage-Sensitive Metric for Assessing Bond Deterioration in GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Rather Amer Iliyas , Banerjee Sauvik , Laskar Arghadeep 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An essential goal of acoustic emission (AE) monitoring is to precisely detect impending critical damage and thereby prevent premature failure through the dynamic evolution of AE parameters. However, many of these parameters, including AE count, energy, duration, and rise time, depend significantly on the thresholds and other settings used in the AE data acquisition system. This dependence can distort the original waveform generated by AE sources, posing challenges for precise critical damage initiation, identification, and early failure prevention. In the present study, AE entropy based on Shannon’s and Kullback-Leibler's formulation has been employed to monitor bond degradation between glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars and concrete interface in GFRP-reinforced concrete (GFRP-RC) elements. The findings of the study reveal a notable trend in AE entropy during bond deterioration. As AE entropy is related to the uncertainty surrounding the amplitude distribution of individual AE waveforms, it remains unaffected by the threshold and various time-related parameters. Consequently, it possesses the ability to depict the inherent microstructural alterations and demonstrates superior efficacy in distinguishing between distinct stages of debond damage and pinpointing crucial damage instances during the bond degradation process of GFRP-RC elements. Specifically, as quantified by AE entropy, the randomness of events increases in the early stages of bond deterioration but decreases as macrocracks form in the later stages. Moreover, the sudden rise in AE entropy indicates critical damage events such as debond or slip initiation, crack initiation, and rapid progression.