bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing public health job portals over the internet
Authors: Joshi Ashish , Mirza Attiqa , McFarlane Kim , Amadi Chioma 
Published: February 2016

Aims: The objective of our study was to search existing public health job websites over the internet and describe the challenges related to finding these job websites. Method: An internet search was conducted using different search engines, including Google, Yahoo and Bing, with several keywords including: Public Health Jobs, Epidemiology Jobs, Biostatistics Jobs, Health Policy and Management Jobs, Community Health Jobs, Health Administration Jobs, Nutrition Jobs, Environmental and Occupational Health Science Jobs, GIS Jobs, and Public Health Informatics Jobs. We recorded the first 20 websites that appeared in the results of each keyword search, thus generating 600 URLs. Duplicate sites and non-functional sites were excluded from this search, allowing analysis of unique sites only. Results: The initial search resulted in 600 websites of which there were 470 duplicates. More than half of the website categories were “.com” (54%; n = 323) followed by “.gov” (19%; n = 111) and “.edu” 15% (n = 90). Results of our findings showed 194 unique websites resulting from a search of 600 website links. More than half of them had actual public health or its related jobs (56%; n = 108). Conclusion: There is a need to establish standard occupational classification categories for the public health workforce.
Genetic regulation of expression of leukotriene A4 hydrolase
Authors: Szul Tomasz , Castaldi Peter , Cho Michael H. , Blalock J. Edwin , Gaggar Amit 
Published: February 2016

In chronic inflammatory lung disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the concurrent organ-specific and systemic inflammatory responses lead to airway remodelling and vascular dysfunction. Although a major common risk factor for COPD, cigarette smoke alone cannot explain the progression of this disease; there is increasing evidence that genetic predisposition also plays a role in COPD susceptibility and progression. A key enzyme in chronic lung inflammation is leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H). With its aminopeptidase activity, LTA4H degrades the neutrophil chemoattractant tripeptide PGP.In this study, we used the luciferase reporter gene analysis system and quantitative trait locus analysis to explore the impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the putative promoter region ofLTA4Hon LTA4H expression.We show that not only is the putative promoter ofLTA4Hlarger than previously reported but also that SNPs in the expanded promoter region regulate expression of LTA4H both in cell-based systems and in peripheral blood samples from human subjects.These findings provide significant evidence for an active region upstream of the previously reportedLTA4Hpromoter, which may have implications related to ongoing inflammatory processes in chronic lung disease.
Characteristics of non‐diabetic foot ulcers in Western Sydney, Australia
Authors: Haji Zaine Norafizah , Hitos Kerry , Vicaretti Mauro , Fletcher John P. , Begg Lindy , Burns Joshua 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere are few studies investigating the characteristics, risk factors and socioeconomic status of patients with non‐diabetic foot ulcers. The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of non‐diabetic foot ulcers in a large tertiary referral outpatient hospital setting in Western Sydney, Australia.MethodsFrom 2011 to 2013, data from 202 patients with non‐diabetic foot ulcers during their initial visit were retrospectively extracted for analysis from Westmead Hospital's Foot Wound Clinic Registry. Data including demographics, socioeconomic status and foot ulcer characteristics were recorded on a standardised data collection form.ResultsDemographics and physical characteristics were: 54 % male, median age 78 years [interquartile range (IQR): 64–87], median body mass index (BMI) of 23.8 kg/m2 (IQR: 20–26.9), 35 % had loss of protective sensation and the median postcode score for socioeconomic status was 996 (IQR: 935–1034). Foot ulcer characteristics were: median cross‐sectional area of 1.2 cm2 (IQR: 0.3–5.0), 30.5 % plantar and 27 % dorsal, 22.1 % University of Texas (UT) Wound Classification for Diabetic Foot Ulcers Grade of 1C‐3C (with ischaemia).ConclusionsUnlike diabetic foot ulcers, non‐diabetic foot ulcers largely affected older males and females. In accordance with diabetic foot ulcer characteristics, socioeconomic status was not related to non‐diabetic foot ulcers in Western Sydney. Based on the findings of this study the epidemiological pattern of non‐diabetic foot ulceration and its pathogenesis requires further investigation.
Intraperitoneally infused human mesenchymal stem cells form aggregates with mouse immune cells and attach to peritoneal organs
Authors: Bazhanov Nikolay , Ylostalo Joni H. , Bartosh Thomas J. , Tiblow April , Mohammadipoor Arezoo , Foskett Andrea , Prockop Darwin J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSC) have shown beneficial effects in many models of disease in part by modulating excessive inflammatory and immune responses. Frequently the beneficial effects of MSC persist long after their disappearance from host tissues, suggesting that MSC interact with intermediate cells in the host that relay or amplify their effects. The cells have usually been injected intravenously, but beneficial effects have also been reported with intraperitoneal (IP) injection of MSC. However the fate of IP injection of MSC has not been examined.

Methods
The fate of the human MSC injected IP into immune-competent mice was studied. In vivo imaging was used to track green fluorescent protein-labeled MSC in the peritoneal cavity. In addition, their retention in peritoneal tissues was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction for human GAPDH mRNA. To describe the effects of human MSC on the immune system of the peritoneum, the peritoneal lavage, omentum, lymph nodes and mesenteric tissues were collected. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the immune cell populations, while cytokine/chemokine production was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Challenge with lipopolysaccharide at 3 days after the administration of MSC was used to evaluate the preconditioning of the immune system.

Results
Within 20 min, single MSC were no longer detected in peritoneal lavage fluid. Instead they were recovered as aggregates of varying size that contained mouse macrophages and a few B220+ lymphocytes. After 1 day, most of the aggregates containing live MSC were attached to sites throughout the peritoneal cavity including the omentum and mesentery. Less than 0.05 % of the live injected cells were detected in the spleen and jejunal lymph nodes. In all locations, MSC colocalized with mouse macrophages and B220+ lymphocytes. Attachment to the omentum and mesentery was accompanied by the recruitment of immune cells and changes in the production of a series of mouse cytokines. A similar increase in mouse cytokines in the peritoneum was seen after IP injections of human fibroblasts.

Conclusions
IP injected human MSC rapidly formed aggregates with mouse macrophages and B220+ lymphocytes and attached to the walls of the peritoneal cavity. The formation of the aggregates probably limits access of the cells to the systemic circulation.
ERα in Tac2 Neurons Regulates Puberty Onset in Female Mice
Authors: Greenwald-Yarnell Megan L. , Marsh Courtney , Allison Margaret B. , Patterson Christa M. , Kasper Chelsea , MacKenzie Alexander , Cravo Roberta , Elias Carol F. , Moenter Suzanne M. , Myers Martin G. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A variety of data suggest that estrogen action on kisspeptin (Kiss1)-containing arcuate nucleus neurons (which coexpress Kiss1, neurokinin B (the product of Tac2) and dynorphin (KNDy) neurons restrains reproductive onset and function, but roles for estrogen action in these Kiss1 neurons relative to a distinct population of rostral hypothalamic Kiss1 neurons (which does not express Tac2 or dynorphin) have not been directly tested. To test the role for estrogen receptor (ER)α in KNDy cells, we thus generated Tac2Cre and Kiss1Cre knock-in mice and bred them onto the Esr1flox background to ablate ERα specifically in Tac2-expressing cells (ERαTac2KO mice) or all Kiss1 cells (ERαKiss1KO mice), respectively. Most ERα-expressing Tac2 neurons represent KNDy cells. Arcuate nucleus Kiss1 expression was elevated in ERαTac2KO and ERαKiss1KO females independent of gonadal hormones, whereas rostral hypothalamic Kiss1 expression was normal in ERαTac2KO but decreased in ERαKiss1KO females; this suggests that ERα in rostral Kiss1 cells is crucial for control of Kiss1 expression in these cells. Both ERαKiss1KO and ERαTac2KO females displayed early vaginal opening, early and persistent vaginal cornification, increased gonadotropins, uterine hypertrophy, and other evidence of estrogen excess. Thus, deletion of ERα in Tac2 neurons suffices to drive precocious gonadal hyperstimulation, demonstrating that ERα in Tac2 neurons typically restrains pubertal onset and hypothalamic reproductive drive.
Case Article—Medication Waste Reduction in an In-Hospital Pharmacy: A Case That Bridges Problem Solving Between a Traditional Case and an Industry Project
Authors: Dobson Gregory , Tilson Vera 
Published: February 2016

This operations management case describes a waste-reduction project in a compounding pharmacy in a hospital. Every day, pharmacy technicians prepare a large number of patient-specific medication doses and then deliver these doses to various hospital units. With the rising cost of medications, pharmacy managers become concerned that a significant number of compounded medication doses are not administered to patients and are subsequently wasted. The students are asked to quantitatively evaluate proposed changes to the compounding and delivery process and to estimate savings from process reconfiguration. Two large data sets are provided with the case to facilitate hypothesis generation regarding probable causes of waste and to analyze proposed changes. The analysis will deepen students’ spreadsheet skills as well as mathematical modeling of inventory problems. The case is presented in parts, and it is discussed over one-and-a half class meetings—simulating the steps of a field project: interviewing a client, framing the client’s problem, formulating a data request, and then analyzing the data and delivering a recommendation. This case has been used in a core MBA operations management class; it could also be used in a health-care operations or in a business modeling course. Teaching Note: Interested Instructors please see the Instructor Materials page for access to the restricted materials. To maintain the integrity and usefulness of cases published in ITE, unapproved distribution of the case teaching notes and other restricted materials to any other party is prohibited.
Bending the Pipeline? Executive Search and Gender Inequality in Hiring for Top Management Jobs
Authors: Fernandez-Mateo Isabel , Fernandez Roberto M. 
Published: February 2016

We study the sources of women’s underrepresentation in hiring for top management jobs by focusing on the context of executive search. Using data that include proprietary information on 10,970 individuals considered by a search firm, we examine the sources of the low proportion of women placed in senior roles. Contrary to received wisdom, we find limited evidence that demand-side screeners strongly contribute to gender disadvantage in this setting. What gender differences exist tend to play out at the start of the hiring process and are driven both by supply-side and demand-side actors. Once considered for a position, women are no less likely than men to be hired—though they are slightly less likely to be interviewed by the search firm. Our findings highlight the theoretical importance of disentangling candidates’ “self-steering” behavior from the “pipeline bending” of hiring agents. We discuss the implications of our results for understanding gender inequality at upper echelons of the labor market. This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations.
An Improved Integrality Gap for Asymmetric TSP Paths
Authors: Friggstad Zachary , Gupta Anupam , Singh Mohit 
Published: February 2016

The asymmetric traveling salesperson path problem (ATSPP) is one where, given an asymmetric metric space (V, d) with specified vertices s and t, the goal is to find an s-t path of minimum length that passes through all the vertices in V. This problem is closely related to the asymmetric TSP (ATSP), which seeks to find a tour (instead of an s-t path) visiting all the nodes: for ATSP, a ρ-approximation guarantee implies an O(ρ)-approximation for ATSPP. However, no such connection is known for the integrality gaps of the linear programming (LP) relaxations for these problems: the current-best approximation algorithm for ATSPP is O(ln n/ln ln n), whereas the best bound on the integrality gap of the natural LP relaxation (the subtour elimination LP) for ATSPP is O(ln n). In this paper, we close this gap, and improve the current best bound on the integrality gap from O(ln n) to O(ln n/ln ln n). The resulting algorithm uses the structure of narrow s-t cuts in the LP solution to construct a (random) tree spanning tree that can be cheaply augmented to contain an Eulerian s-t walk. We also build on a result of Oveis Gharan and Saberi and show a strong form of Goddyn’s conjecture about thin spanning trees implies the integrality gap of the subtour elimination LP relaxation for ATSPP is bounded by a constant. Finally, we give a simpler family of instances showing the integrality gap of this LP is at least 2.
Ein organisationstheoretischer Ansatz zur Erforschung diskursiver Prozesse im Management Coaching
Authors: Schulz Florian 
Published: February 2016

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von einer Problematisierung aktueller Entwürfe von Coaching innerhalb der interdisziplinären Organisationsforschung wird im vorliegenden Beitrag die Notwendigkeit betont den Kontext von Coaching stärker zu differenzieren, das Augenmerk auf die konstituierenden Prozesse zu richten sowie vermehrt kritische Fragen zu den Effekten der Intervention zu stellen. Ein prozessorientiertes Diskurskonzept wird vorgestellt, welches erlaubt diese Forderungen zu erfüllen sowie Coaching auf drei Prozessebenen zu betrachten: Coaching als Gespräch, als organisationale Intervention sowie als sozio-historisches Phänomen. Die konkreten Implikationen für die Forschung werden anhand von Beispielen aus einem empirischen Projekt illustriert. Damit leistet der Artikel insgesamt einen Beitrag zur Entwicklung eines alternativen theoretischen Verständnisses von Coaching, stellt methodische Möglichkeiten zur Erforschung der Prozesse dar und unterstreicht die organisationstheoretische Perspektive bei der empirischen Erforschung.
Modelling of absorption, distribution and physicochemical properties of AT1 receptor antagonists / Modelovanie absorpcie, distribúcie a fyzikálnochemických vlastnosti antagonistov AT1 receptorov
Authors: Ježko Pavol , Žufková Viera , Remko Milan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The theoretical chemistry methods were used to elucidate absorption, distribution and physicochemical properties of AT1 receptor antagonists and dual angiotensin II and endothelin A receptor antagonist (PS-433540). Computed partition coefficients (ALOGPS method) studied for drugs varied between 2.98 and 6.66. Neutral compounds are described as lipophilic drugs. Telmisartan is a drug with the highest lipophilicity. The neutral forms of the studied AT1 receptor antagonists are practically insoluble in water, and their computed solubilities is in interval between 2.04 and 22.65 mg/l (ALOGpS method). The calculated pKa values for tetrazolyle moiety are in the range 3.92-5.00 and for carboxylic moiety 3.12-5.50. Telmisartan (polar surface area = 72.95 A) and irbesartan (polar surface area = 87.14 A) belong to the AT1 receptor antagonists with increased absorption.
Presence of Nitrate and Nitrite in Well Water in Mureș County
Authors: Fogarasi Erzsébet , Fülöp Ibolya , Marcu Emanuela , Croitoru Mircea Dumitru 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Objective: One of the most important sources of nitrite and nitrate anions, besides vegetables and meat products, is the drinking water. Presence of nitrite and nitrate in the water in higher concentrations than those set by EFSA (0.5 mg/l nitrite, 50 mg/l nitrate), may have toxicological significance. A quantitative determination of these ions in samples collected from several pleases from Mureș County was made.
Methods: Ninety-seven well water samples were tested from 12 different places from Mureș County. We used a simple HPLC-UV ion pair method for the determination of nitrite and nitrate concentrations. Sensitivity of the method enables the quantification for concentrations far below the MCL value.
Results: The highest amounts of nitrate and nitrite were measured in Sangeorgiu de Mureș and Cristești. Concentrations of nitrite and nitrate were exceeded in 4.12% and respectively 44.32% of the samples.
Conclusions: The high amounts of nitrites and nitrates existing in well water go beyond the expected extent. This pollution can become a health risk since this water is used in human nutrition especially in child nourishment.
The Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Between Meals in a Cross-Sectional Study of a Health Oriented Adult Population
Authors: Nadasan Valentin , Gabos Gabriella , Tarcea Monica , Abram Zoltan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of snacking and to explore the relationship between snacking and several demographic, anthropometric, functional and biochemical factors. Methods: The study included 756 individuals over 18 years of age from Medias, Romania. Demographics and data about snacking were collected by trained volunteers. Height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure were measured with standard equipment according to accepted procedures. Blood glucose and cholesterol were measured by experienced nurses using portable devices. Associations between variables were checked with the Pearson Chi-square test. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to measure the association between binary variables. Results: About half of the subjects in the studied sample reported snacking less than 2 times / week, 34.5% between 3-4 times / week and 14.8% more than 4 times / week. Statistical analysis found that snacking was associated with gender (males being less likely to snack than females), ethnicity (non-Romanians being less likely to snack than Romanian ethnics), marital status of the subjects (not married people being less likely to snack than married people ), systolic blood pressure (people consuming more often snacks being less likely to have high systolic blood pressure values), and blood sugar level (people eating more frequently between meals being more likely to have higher blood glucose levels). Conclusions: Snacking was a widespread eating habit among the study participants and was significantly associated with gender, ethnicity, marital status, systolic blood pressure and blood glucose levels.
Morpho-Pathological Review on the Healing of Synthetic Vascular Grafts
Authors: Russu Eliza , Mureșan Adrian Vasile , Cordoș Bogdan Andrei , Copotoiu Constantin , Cotoi Ovidiu Simion 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Objective: Tissue integration of vascular grafts partially depends on the host response to injury, which immediately begins after implantation and restoration of the circulation. In an infected environment, the inflammation changes the incorporation patterns. The aim of the study was to observe the tissue incorporation process, in a normal and an infected environment. Methods: We have created an experimental model by performing subfascial implantation of four types of vascular grafts, in rats (woven Dacron®, knitted Dacron®, silver coated Dacron® and expanded Polytetrafloroethylene - ePTFE) and by infecting some of them with three different bacterial strains. We have retrieved the noninfected grafts at two and four weeks after implantation, whilst the infected ones at one, two and three weeks. Results: Detailed microscopic appearences were analysed. The control and infected groups were compared. Statistical significance was calculated for various corelations. Conclusions: The morphopathological findings showed that the ePTFE graft’s structure was best preserved. Statistical significance existed between the bacterial strain and the degree of inflammation. The silver coated Dacron® was not shown to be superior to the knitted Dacron®. The poorest incorporation was the one of the woven Dacron®.
The Degree of Satisfaction of Medical Students Regarding Simulation Based Teaching Methods in Anesthesia and Intensive Care
Authors: Moldovan Cosmin , Szederjesi Janos , Azamfirei Leonard 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background: Anesthesia and Intensive Care is a teaching subject that arguably benefits the most from the use of simulation based methods in education. The availability of technically advanced complex simulators allows instructors to develop training scenarios that can be deeply integrated within the teaching curriculum. Aim: The present study aimed to assess whether the students undergoing Anesthesia and Intensive Caresimulation training are satisfied with the perceived educational outcome. Material and method: We carried out a retrospective transversal study in which we analyzed 256 feedback forms received from medical students between October 2014 and June 2015. The forms contained 5 fixed questions that required rating a certain parameter with grades from 1 to 5. Results: The simulation sessions used in Anesthesia and Intensive Care training were well perceived by students, over 90% of whom considered that these training session are useful from a professional and career development point of view. Conclusion: Based on the students’ perception, simulation training sessions in Anesthesia and Intensive Care can be further developed and integrated with the clinical practical content of this subject.
Medical Students’ Acceptance of Online Assessment Systems
Authors: Petrisor Marius , Marusteri Marius , Simpalean Dan , Carasca Emilian , Ghiga Dana 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Objective: The increased use of computers in education lead to computerized assessments, especially web-based assessment systems The aim of this study is to evaluate students’ acceptance of being evaluated using an online web-based assessment system. Methods: A transversal study was performed where a sample of students that used and were accustomed to an online assessment system were asked to fill in a short questionnaire and evaluate its use. Results: The questionnaire items responses show students’ preference for online assessment, as opposed to other assessment forms, like oral examination or classical pen and paper examination. Also it is noticeable the increase in the student number that prefer the online assessment as we move up through one year of study to the next. Conclusions: The study revealed a high level of acceptance for the online multiple choice questions test as an assessment method. Students’ opinion is that online tests are better suited for knowledge assessment and are more objective.