bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presumptive Identification of Clinically Significant Hemoglobin Variants Hb E, Hb S, Hb D in Hb A1c Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Puthiyaveettil Ankitha K , Vaz Glen S , Prasad Sujay R , Putchen Deepalakshmi D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The quantitation of glycated hemoglobin (Hb A1c) represents an average blood glucose level for a period of 2 to 3 months for diagnosing, monitoring, and managing diabetes mellitus. Unreliable results are reported when hemoglobin (Hb) variants are present in the sample. Patients are advised to use an alternate method due to the presence of the variant Hb and a reflex test to Hb electrophoresis to obtain precise information about the Hb variant. The present study utilizes x axis values from Hb A1c capillary electrophoresis (CE) to identify clinically significant Hb variants Hb E, S, and D.

Methods
Patient samples (n = 60) that showed a variant peak in the Hb A1c test with an x axis value of 190 to 240 were selected for the study. The migration position of the Hb variant (x axis value) and variant percent of the Hb A1c test were compared with the x axis value and variant percent in the Hb electrophoresis test to presumptively identify the variants. The identity of the variants was confirmed using mass spectrometry (MS).

Results
Out of 60 samples, 20 samples were identified as Hb E (x axis 225–227), 20 samples were identified as Hb S (x axis 210–214), and 18 samples were identified as Hb D-Punjab (x axis 200–201). Two variants with an x axis value of 194 were identified as an α variant Hb Q India using MS. There is an overall negative shift of the x axis (−1 to −13 units) and a lower variant percent (−0.2% to −8.7%) in Hb A1c CE when compared with Hb electrophoresis.

Conclusions
The present study highlights the significance of the x axis value and variant percent to identify clinically significant Hb variants in the Hb A1c CE test.
The EU Environmental Crime Directive 2024: A Revolution in EU Environmental Criminal Law?
Authors: Faure Michael G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
On 11 April 2024, the European Union (EU) adopted a new Environmental Crime Directive (ECD) that departs from how the relationship between administrative law and criminal law has previously been defined in EU law. According to the revised ECD, a conduct shall be deemed unlawful when it is in ‘manifest breach of relevant substantive legal requirements’ – even when there is compliance with an administrative permit. With this, the new ECD has de facto created autonomous environmental crimes. This is revolutionary, as in most legal systems criminal liability is not possible if an operator complied with the conditions of a permit. This article argues that this legal development is welcomed as a way to ensure effective environmental criminal enforcement. The question that remains open, however, is how the concept of ‘manifest breach of relevant substantive legal requirements’ will be translated by the Member States during the transposition of the amended ECD into national law. It is argued that it is especially important to find a formulation that can be reconciled with the legality principle, requiring the conditions for criminal liability to be specified in a clear and specific manner whilst ensuring that environmental crimes are held to account.
CCR2+ monocytes are dispensable to resolve acute pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in WT and cystic fibrosis mice
Authors: Öz Hasan H , Braga Cassia L , Gudneppanavar Ravindra , Di Pietro Caterina , Huang Pamela H , Zhang Ping-Xia , Krause Diane S , Egan Marie E , Murray Thomas S , Bruscia Emanuela M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Extravasation of CCR2-positive monocytes into tissue and to the site of injury is a fundamental immunological response to infections. Nevertheless, exuberant recruitment and/or activity of these monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages can propagate tissue damage, especially in chronic inflammatory disease conditions. We have previously shown that inhibiting the recruitment of CCR2-positive monocytes ameliorates lung tissue damage caused by chronic neutrophilic inflammation in cystic fibrosis mouse models. A potential concern with targeting monocyte recruitment for therapeutic benefit in cystic fibrosis, however, is whether they are essential for eradicating infections such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen that commonly colonizes and damages the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the role of CCR2-positive monocytes in the immune response to acute pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection. Our data show that the altered host immune response caused by the lack of monocyte recruitment to the lungs does not impact P. aeruginosa lung colonization, clearance, and the severity of the infection. These results also hold up in a cystic fibrosis mouse background, which has a hyperinflammatory immune response yet exhibits reduced bactericidal activity. Thus, we lay the groundwork for future studies to investigate the use of CCR2 inhibitors as a potential therapy to ameliorate lung tissue damage in cystic fibrosis. This could be given alone or as an adjunct therapy with CFTR modulators that significantly improve clinical outcomes for eligible patients but do not completely resolve the persistent infection and inflammation that drive lung tissue damage.
Book cluster: a new approach to explore the evolution of knowledge organization in ancient China
Authors: Li Wenqi , Wang Zhaoji , Yu Hanxu , Lai Qianting , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chinese ancient book catalogs have persisted for over two millennia, serving as ancient knowledge organization systems and cultural heritage of great academic value. This article introduces the concept of “book cluster,” a novel approach to studying catalog classification evolution, offering a meso-level perspective that bridges books and categories. Drawing from computational methods, we identify clusters of books with similar categorization trajectories, enabling more efficient and intuitive exploration of knowledge organization trends. We review existing research on catalog classification, highlighting the traditional qualitative analysis and emerging computational methods. We then present our data source and processing methods. The concept of book cluster is defined, along with the algorithm for cluster identification and feature extraction. A case study demonstrates the potential of the book cluster concept in analyzing classification changes and knowledge inheritance. Additionally, we introduce an online analytical platform for further exploration. Through computational analysis of book clusters, we gain insights into the evolution of ancient book recording, circulation, and academic contexts. Book clusters offer clues about the content of lost books. This research lays the groundwork for future iterations. By pioneering the study of knowledge organization evolution using book clusters, we enhance our understanding of Chinese history's academic culture and knowledge preservation.
Effect of antibiotic drug use on outcome and therapy-related toxicity in patients with glioblastoma—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Götz Linda , Ansafi Tananeh , Gerken Michael , Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika , Fischl Anna , Riemenschneider Markus J , Proescholdt Martin , Bumes Elisabeth , Kölbl Oliver , Schmidt Nils Ole , Linker Ralf , Hau Peter , Haedenkamp Tareq M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor and has a dismal prognosis. In other cancers, antibiotic use has been associated with severity of chemotherapy-induced toxicity and outcome. We investigated if these mechanisms are also involved in GB.

Methods
We selected a cohort of 78 GB patients who received combined radiochemotherapy. We investigated if exposure to prediagnostic antibiotic use is associated with clinical side effects and laboratory changes during adjuvant therapy as well as overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) using chi-square test, binary logistic regression, Kaplan–Meyer analysis, and multivariable Cox regression.

Results
Seventeen patients (21.8%) received at least one course of prediagnostic antibiotics and 61 (78.2%) received no antibiotics. We found a higher incidence of loss of appetite (23.5% vs. 4.9%; P = .018) and myelosuppression (41.2% vs. 18.0%; P = .045) in the antibiotic group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed antibiotics to be a predictor for nausea (OR = 6.94, 95% CI: 1.09–44.30; P = .041) and myelosuppression (OR = 9.75, 95% CI: 1.55–61.18; P = .015). Furthermore, lymphocytopenia was more frequent in the antibiotic group (90.0% vs. 56.1%, P = .033). There were no significant differences in OS (P = .404) and PFS (P = .844). Multivariable Cox regression showed a trend toward shorter survival time (P = .089) in the antibiotic group.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that antibiotic use affects symptoms and lab values in GB patients. Larger prospective studies are required to investigate if prediagnostic antibiotic use could be a prognostic factor in GB patients.
Development of the pediatric neuro-oncology services assessment aid: An assessment tool for pediatric neuro-oncology service delivery capacity
Authors: Rajagopal Revathi , Diaz Coronado Rosdali , Hamid Syed Ahmer , Navarro Martin del Campo Regina , Boop Frederick , Bag Asim , Benito Reséndiz Alma Edith , Bhat K Vasudeva , Campos Danny , Chang Kenneth , Cirt Ramona , Dhyani Rahmartani Ludi , Foo Jen Chun , Hoveyan Julieta , Lucas Jr John T , Ngcana Thandeka , Ul Ain Rahat , Omran Nuha , Osorio Diana S , Qureshi Bilal Mazhar , Sabin Noah D , Schandorf Ernestina , Bankah Patrick , Dadzie Mary-Ann , Gbadamos Hafisatu , Sharafeldin Hend , Somathilaka Mahendra , Yang Peiyi , Atteby Jean-Jacques Yao , Zhang Anan , Salman Zeena , Gonzalez Miriam , Friedrich Paola , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Moreira Daniel C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
To enhance the quality of care available for children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors across the world, a systematic evaluation of capacity is needed to identify gaps and prioritize interventions. To that end, we created the pediatric neuro-oncology (PNO) resource assessment aid (PANORAMA) tool.

Methods
The development of PANORAMA encompassed 3 phases: operationalization, consensus building, and piloting. PANORAMA aimed to capture the elements of the PNO care continuum through domains with weighted assessments reflecting their importance. Responses were ordinally scored to reflect the level of satisfaction. PANORAMA was revised based on feedback at various phases to improve its relevance, usability, and clarity.

Results
The operationalization phase identified 14 domains by using 252 questions. The consensus phase involved 15 experts (6 pediatric oncologists, 3 radiation oncologists, 2 neurosurgeons, 2 radiologists, and 2 pathologists). The consensus phase validated the identified domains, questions, and scoring methodology. The PANORAMA domains included national context, hospital infrastructure, organization and service integration, human resources, financing, laboratory, neurosurgery, diagnostic imaging, pathology, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, supportive care, and patient outcomes. PANORAMA was piloted at 13 institutions in 12 countries, representing diverse patient care contexts. Face validity was assessed by examining the correlation between the estimated score by respondents and calculated PANORAMA scores for each domain (r = 0.67, P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
PANORAMA was developed through a systematic, collaborative approach, ensuring its relevance to evaluate core elements of PNO service capacity. Distribution of PANORAMA will enable quantitative service evaluations across institutions, facilitating benchmarking and the prioritization of interventions.
Rapid extraction of trace benzene by a crown-ether-based metal-organic framework
Authors: Chen Zhonghang , Fang Peiyu , Li Jiangnan , Han Xue , Huang Wenhao , Cui Wenyue , Liu Zhiwei , Warren Mark R , Allan David , Cheng Peng , Yang Sihai , Shi Wei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Due to almost identical boiling points of benzene and cyclohexane, the extraction of trace benzene from cyclohexane is currently performed via the energy-intensive extractive distillation method. Their adsorptive separation by porous materials is hampered by their similar dimensions. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with versatile pore environments are capable of molecular discrimination, but the separation of trace substrates in liquid-phase remains extremely challenging. Herein, we report a robust MOF (NKU-300) with triangular channels decorated with crown ether that can discriminate trace benzene from cyclohexane, exhibiting an unprecedented selectivity of 8615(10) for the mixture of benzene/cyclohexane (v/v = 1/1000). Remarkably, NKU-300 demonstrates exceptional selectivities for the extraction of benzene from cyclohexane over a wide range of concentrations of 0.1%–50% with ultrafast sorption kinetics and excellent stability. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and computational modelling reveal that multiple supramolecular interactions cooperatively immobilise benzene molecules in the triangular channel, enabling superior separation performance. This study will promote the application of advanced sorbents with tailored binding sites for challenging industrial separations.
A high-velocity star recently ejected by an intermediate-mass black hole in M15
Authors: Huang Yang , Li Qingzheng , Liu Jifeng , Dong Xiaobo , Zhang Huawei , Lu Youjun , Du Cuihua 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The existence of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) is crucial for understanding various astrophysical phenomena, yet their existence remains elusive, except for the LIGO-Virgo detection. We report the discovery of a high-velocity star J0731+3717, whose backward trajectory about 21 Myr ago intersected that of globular cluster M15 within the cluster tidal radius. Both its metallicity [Fe/H] and alpha-to-iron abundance ratio [$\alpha$/Fe] are consistent with those of M15. Furthermore, its location falls right on the fiducial sequence of cluster M15 on the color-absolute magnitude diagram, suggesting similar ages. These findings support the notion that J0731+3717 was originally associated with M15 at a confidence level of ‘seven nines’. We find that such a high-velocity star ($V_{\rm ej} = 548^{+6}_{-5}$ km s$^{-1}$) was most likely tidally ejected from as close as one astronomical unit to the center of M15, confirming an IMBH ($\ge 100 M_{\odot }$ with a credibility of 98%) as the exclusive nature of the central unseen mass proposed previously.
Opportunities and challenges of diffusion models for generative AI
Authors: Chen Minshuo , Mei Song , Fan Jianqing , Wang Mengdi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Diffusion models, a powerful and universal generative artificial intelligence technology, have achieved tremendous success and opened up new possibilities in diverse applications. In these applications, diffusion models provide flexible high-dimensional data modeling, and act as a sampler for generating new samples under active control towards task-desired properties. Despite the significant empirical success, theoretical underpinnings of diffusion models are very limited, potentially slowing down principled methodological innovations for further harnessing and improving diffusion models. In this paper, we review emerging applications of diffusion models to highlight their sample generation capabilities under various control goals. At the same time, we dive into the unique working flow of diffusion models through the lens of stochastic processes. We identify theoretical challenges in analyzing diffusion models, owing to their complicated training procedure and interaction with the underlying data distribution. To address these challenges, we overview several promising advances, demonstrating diffusion models as an efficient distribution learner and a sampler. Furthermore, we introduce a new avenue in high-dimensional structured optimization through diffusion models, where searching for solutions is reformulated as a conditional sampling problem and solved by diffusion models. Lastly, we discuss future directions about diffusion models. The purpose of this paper is to provide a well-rounded exposure for stimulating forward-looking theories and methods of diffusion models.
Non-hygroscopic ionogel-based humidity-insensitive iontronic sensor arrays for intra-articular pressure sensing
Authors: Shi Junli , Xie Sai , Liu Zhiguang , Cai Minkun , Guo Chuan Fei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Implanted pressure sensors can provide pressure information to assess localized health conditions of specific tissues or organs, such as the intra-articular pressure within knee joints. However, the prerequisites for implanted sensors pose greater challenges than those for wearables or for robots: aside from biocompatibility and tissue-like softness, they must also exhibit humidity insensitivity and high-pressure resolution across a broad pressure spectrum. Iontronic sensors can provide superior sensing properties, but they undergo property degradation in wet environments due to the hygroscopic nature of their active component: ionogels. Herein, we introduce a humidity-insensitive iontronic sensor array based on a hydrophobic and tough ionogel polymerized in a hydrophobicity transition yielding two hydrophobic phases: a soft liquid-rich phase that enhances ionic conductivity and ductility, and a stiff polymer-rich phase that contributes to superior toughness. We demonstrate the in vivo implantation of these sensor arrays to monitor real-time intra-articular pressure distribution in a sheep model, while assessing knee flexion with an angular resolution of 0.1° and a pressure resolution of 0.1%. We anticipate that this sensor array will find applications in various orthopedic surgeries and implantable medical devices.
Mobile signals, patterning, and positional information in root development
Authors: Cohen Itay , Efroni Idan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Multicellular organisms use mobile intercellular signals to generate spatiotemporal patterns of growth and differentiation. These signals, termed morphogens, arise from localized sources and move by diffusion or directional transport to be interpreted at target cells. The classical model for a morphogen is where a substance diffuses from a source to generate a concentration gradient that provides positional information across a field. This concept, presented by Wolpert and popularized as the “French Flag Model,” remains highly influential, but other patterning models, which do not rely on morphogen gradients, also exist. Here, we review current evidence for mobile morphogenetic signals in plant root development and how they fit within existing conceptual frameworks for pattern formation. We discuss how the signals are formed, distributed, and interpreted in space and time, emphasizing the regulation of movement on the ability of morphogens to specify patterns. While significant advances have been made in the field since the first identification of mobile morphogenetic factors in plants, key questions remain to be answered, such as how morphogen movement is regulated, how these mechanisms allow scaling in different species, and how morphogens act to enable plant regeneration in response to damage.
Variation of brain natriuretic peptide assists with volume management and predicts prognosis of hemodialysis patients
Authors: Hu Nan , Wang Jinwei , Chen Yuqing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The objective of this study was to elucidate the spectrum of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) expression in hemodialysis patients with euvolemic status and investigate its prognostic significance.

Methods
Patients on chronic hemodialysis were enrolled. The normal range of BNP was measured and analyzed in patients with euvolemic status defined by systolic blood pressure and overhydration. Hemodialysis patients were stratified into groups according to BNP expression at baseline and followed up for 57 months, with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease-related death being assessed as primary outcomes.

Results
BNP significantly correlated with overhydration in all patients (r = 0.255, P = .004). In patients with euvolemic state, the average BNP level was 701 (±645) pg/ml, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 500–902 pg/ml. In patients with BNP &lt; 902 pg/ml, systolic blood pressure significantly correlated with overhydration. Elevated BNP expression correlated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.871, per 782 pg/ml increase, P = .008). The patients with continuously high levels of BNP showed significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease-related death during follow-up (HR = 12.845, P = .005).

Conclusion
Predialysis measured BNP levels correlate with volume status, and the common range is from 500 to 902 pg/ml in dialysis patients with euvolemic status. Patients with upregulated BNP expression showed an increased risk of cardiovascular death.
Key messages What is already known on this topic The volume management of hemodialysis patients should be judged comprehensively by clinical manifestations and objective examinations. The parameters involved in the evaluation need to be further optimized. What this study adds In hemodialysis patients, BNP serves as an indicator of volume status. Properly hydrated hemodialysis patients typically exhibit BNP levels ranging from 500 to 902 pg/ml, while persistent BNP elevation is associated with increased mortality. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy In clinical practice, BNP can be routinely monitored in hemodialysis patients to provide information for volume adjustment and to identify patients with high mortality risk. The potential advantages of implementing targeted BNP management warrant further investigation through intervention studies.
TMD Relations: Insights from a Light-Front Quark–Diquark Model
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Puhan Satyajit , Kumar Narinder , Dahiya Harleen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, we have established the relations between the T-even proton transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs) at all twist levels up to twist-4 using the light-front quark–diquark model. From the parameterization equations of TMDs, we have found that there are multiple ways by which a particular TMD can be expressed in terms of the initial and final helicity states of the proton. For the first time, we have presented a parameterization table that can be applied to the derivation and recognition of proton TMDs based on their helicity. We have constructed the linear and quadratic relationships of TMDs at the intra- and intertwist levels within the same model. We have also looked at the inequality relations that TMDs follow. Additionally, to provide easy access to the calculations, amplitude matrices have been expressed in the form of TMDs over all the possible helicities of the diquark.