bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eleutheroside B Pretreatment Attenuates Hypobaric Hypoxia‐Induced High‐Altitude Pulmonary Edema by Regulating Autophagic Flux via the AMPK/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Pei Caixia , Shen Zherui , Wu Yongcan , Zhao Sijing , Wang Yilan , Shi Shihua , Huang Demei , Jia Nan , Liu Junling , Wang Xiaomin , He Yacong , Wang Zhenxing 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTHigh‐altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a life‐threatening disease, and autophagy deficiency is implicated in the pathogenesis of HAPE. Eleutheroside B (EB), which is the main bioactive component of Acanthopanax senticosus, exhibits various pharmacological activities. Our previous research demonstrated that autophagic structures were widely found in the ultrastructure of lung tissue in HAPE rats. However, whether EB regulates autophagy deficiency in HAPE remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of EB on hypobaric hypoxia‐induced HAPE and explore the underlying molecular mechanism of regulating autophagy. The rat model of high‐altitude pulmonary edema was replicated using a hypobaric hypoxic chamber. Rats were pretreated with EB or in combination with chloroquine or compound C. The pulmonary edema was assessed by the lung wet/dry ratio, total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and histological analysis. Inflammation and oxidative stress were measured using commercial biochemical kits. Autophagy and autophagic flux were evaluated by western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and adeno‐associated virus‐mRFP‐GFP‐labeled tandem fluorescence LC3. The AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway was detected by western blotting. EB alleviated hypobaric hypoxia‐induced pulmonary edema, hypoxemia, acid–base imbalance in the blood, inflammation, and oxidative stress in a dose‐dependent manner. EB restored impaired autophagic flux by activating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. However, chloroquine or compound C abolished eleutheroside B‐mediated autophagy flux restoration. EB has the potential to restore impaired autophagic flux in the lung of hypobaric hypoxia‐induced HAPE rats, which could be attributed to the activation of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
Silybin: A Review of Its Targeted and Novel Agents for Treating Liver Diseases Based on Pathogenesis
Authors: Wu Jijiao , Wen Lin , Liu Xiaolian , Li Qiuxia , Sun Zihao , Liang Chuipeng , Xie Fan , Li Xiaofang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTLiver disease represents a significant global public health concern. Silybin, derived from Silybum marianum, has been demonstrated to exhibit a range of beneficial properties, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative, antifibrotic, antiviral, and cytoprotective effects. These attributes render it a promising candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, viral hepatitis, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, and other liver conditions. Nevertheless, its low solubility and low bioavailability have emerged as significant limitations in its clinical application. To address these limitations, researchers have developed a number of silybin formulations. This study presents a comprehensive review of the results of research on silybin for the treatment of liver diseases in recent decades, with a particular focus on novel formulations based on the pathogenesis of the disease. These include approaches targeting the liver via the CD44 receptor, folic acid, vitamin A, and others. Furthermore, the study presents the findings of studies that have employed nanotechnology to enhance the low bioavailability and low solubility of silybin. This includes the use of nanoparticles, liposomes, and nanosuspensions. This study reviews the application of silybin preparations in the treatment of global liver diseases. However, further high‐quality and more complete experimental studies are still required to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the efficacy and safety of these preparations. Finally, the study considers the issues that arise during the research of silybin formulations.
First Principle Investigations of Cesium Based Cubic CsSiX3 (X = Cl and F) Perovskites for Solar Conversion Applications: A DFT Study
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Khuram , Hussain Shoukat , Ashraf Ghulam Abbas , Azeem Waqar , Tirth Vineet , Alqahtani Hassan , Algahtani Ali , Al‐Mughanam Tawfiq 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe use of solar water‐splitting technology is anticipated to reduce the disparity between demand and consumption of energy. Herein, CASTEP software is used to investigate the perovskite CsSiX3 (X = Cl and F) materials by applying GGA‐PBE exchange–correlation functional. According to structure properties, compounds possess a cubic structure of “pm3m” by using space group 221. The direct band gaps in the CsSiX3 (X = Cl and F) compounds are 1.04 and 1.07 eV, respectively. Measures of the density of states and the partial density of states (PDOS) are being utilized to determine the degree of electron localization in several bands. The compounds' optical characteristics are examined by altering their relation between the dielectric function (DF) scales and the pertinent peak. According to our results, the mechanical properties show that CsSiCl3 is brittle (0.13, 045) and CsSiF3 is ductile (0.32, 2.52) and stable with covalent bonds. Compounds CsSiCl3 and CsSiF3 modulus and elastic constants are {B (8.259, 52.375), E (8.110, 55.082), and G (18.331, 20.790)} and {C11 (13.766, 73.566), C12 (5.506, 41.780), and C44 (10.763, 24.052)} are found, according to mechanical properties. Therefore, such materials can be used for photovoltaic light absorption in the visible spectrum. These materials offer a wide range of possible uses in sensing and solar conversion because compounds combine effectively.
Quantum Tunneling: From Theory to Error‐Mitigated Quantum Simulation
Authors: Catrina Sorana , Băicoianu Alexandra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEver since the discussions about a possible quantum computer arised, quantum simulations have been at the forefront of possible utilities, with the task of quantum simulations being one that promises quantum advantage. Recently, advancements have made it feasible to simulate complex molecules using Variational Quantum Eigensolvers or study the dynamics of many‐body spin Hamiltonians. These simulations have the potential to yield valuable outcomes through the application of error mitigation techniques. Simulating smaller models carries a great amount of importance as well and currently, in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum era, is more feasible since it is less prone to errors. The objective of this work is to examine the theoretical background and the circuit implementation of a quantum tunneling simulation, with an emphasis on hardware considerations. This study presents the theoretical background required for such implementation and highlights the main stages of its development. By building on classic approaches of quantum tunneling simulations, this study aims at improving the result of such simulations by employing error mitigation techniques, Zero Noise Extrapolation, and Readout Error Mitigation and uses them in conjunction with multiprogramming of the quantum chip, a technique used for solving the hardware under‐utilization problem that arises in such contexts.
Quantum Transfer Learning with Adversarial Robustness for Classification of High‐Resolution Image Datasets
Authors: Khatun Amena , Usman Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe application of quantum machine learning to large‐scale high‐resolution image datasets is not yet possible due to the limited number of qubits and relatively high level of noise in the current generation of quantum devices. In this work, this challenge is addressed by proposing a quantum transfer learning (QTL) architecture that integrates quantum variational circuits with a classical machine learning network pre‐trained on ImageNet dataset. Through a systematic set of simulations over a variety of image datasets such as Ants & Bees, CIFAR‐10, and Road Sign Detection, the superior performance of the QTL approach over classical and quantum machine learning without involving transfer learning is demonstrated. Furthermore, the adversarial robustness of QTL architecture with and without adversarial training is evaluated, confirming that our QTL method is adversarially robust against data manipulation attacks and outperforms classical methods.
Securitization of local adaptation: Signs of riskification in a Dutch region
Authors: Jochemsen Nenya , Mees Heleen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClimate change is increasing the frequency of extreme weather events and sea level rise, causing scholars to argue that it has become a security issue and that extraordinary measures are being legitimized by its perceived threat, referred to as securitization. Securitization of climate change has so far been studied predominantly in an international and occasionally national context. Little is known on how security dynamics play out on the local, subnational level. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated if and how adaptation to climate change (CCA) has been securitized for the water domain in a region in the Netherlands that is a CCA frontrunner: Dordrecht. Our case study comprised a detailed document analysis complemented with eight policymaker/expert interviews. In the discourses, actors and tools employed in the governance of CCA in Dordrecht we found signs of securitization in the form of riskification: risk terminology being used in CCA governance; greater involvement of risk and safety actors; and the development of new risk tools like risk and vulnerability analyses. However, securitization remains largely absent: CCA continues to be dealt with as a shared responsibility and as a cross‐sectoral policy issue to be integrated and mainstreamed to become the “new normal.”
The SG‐Climbot: An Adaptable, Efficient, Inspection and Repair Robot for Steam Generator Heat Transfer Tube Sheet
Authors: Liu Zhaojin , Li Jiawei , Chen Jian , Li Sicen , Gu Xin , Jiang Jikai , Li Yuxiao , Yao Shaoming , Wang Gang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe steam generator plays a crucial role as a safety component and protective barrier in nuclear power plants. Regular inspection and repair of heat transfer tubes, which operate in high‐temperature, high‐pressure, corrosive, and abrasive environments for extended periods, are essential. Inspection and repair robots move inside the steam generator to conduct comprehensive inspections and evaluations of the heat transfer tubes. However, existing robots have relatively simple execution devices and fixed movement methods, resulting in poor adaptability to different specifications of tube sheets and limited flexibility in handling maintenance tasks. In response to these limitations, the SG‐Climbot, a quadruped crawling tube sheet inspection and repair robot, has been proposed. This robot is designed to adapt to full‐specification tube sheets and operate efficiently by conducting inspections while moving. By comparing different motion modes, a robot configuration with a quadruped parallel structure was suggested. Kinematic and static analyses were conducted, resulting in the development of both forward and inverse kinematic models, along with the identification of conditions leading to tipping. Using parametric modeling and optimization design, optimized design parameters were obtained. Finite element simulation analysis was performed on the overall structure and main components, leading to an optimized structural model. Finally, based on the design model and computational analysis, a prototype was developed and tested. The experimental results indicate that the robot has achieved the expected functionality and performance targets. Its efficient maintenance operation mode of conducting inspections while moving provides a basis for the autonomous and intelligent development of steam generators.
Biodegradable plastic film mulch increases the mineralisation of organic amendments and prevents nitrate leaching during the growing season in organic vegetable production
Authors: Samphire Martin , Chadwick David R. , Jones Davey L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionOrganic vegetable production relies on inputs of organic forms of nitrogen (N). This presents a challenge as it needs to be mineralised by the soil microbial community. Difficulties matching the timing and rate of organic N amendments to crop demand could potentially lead to high rates of nitrate leaching. The use of plastic film mulch (PFM) has the potential to increase crop yield, accelerate N mineralisation, reduce rainfall infiltration and therefore N leaching. Biodegradable PFM reduces the risk of contaminating soil with plastics. Although these positive effects have been proven in major conventionally grown commodity crops, the effects of PFMs are poorly understood in organic vegetable crops, particularly in moist temperate climates prone to N losses via winter leaching.Materials & MethodsOur plot‐scale field experiment attempted to quantify the effect of biodegradable PFM on N leaching and N mineralisation in organic lettuce production in the presence and absence of biodegradable PFM. It took place in one season within a longer‐term experimental organic vegetable rotation.ResultsWe used two methods to measure the rate of carbon and N mineralisation: the buried bag method showed biodegradable PFM resulted in no additional N mineralisation; however, the ion exchange membrane method indicated an increase in N mineralisation of 30%. During heavy rainfall at the end of the growing season, nitrate leaching was observed only in the non‐PFM plots, leading to N losses equivalent to 6.3 g N m−2. This led to surplus mineral N at harvest of 18.1 g N m−2 in the PFM treatment and 8.6 g N m−2 in the corresponding unmulched plots. This did not lead to more leaching in the mulched plots in the following 6 months.ConclusionIn conclusion, our evidence supports the use of biodegradable PFMs to enhance the sustainability of organic vegetable production systems in temperate climates.
Discovery of Natural Multi‐Target Neuraminidase Inhibitors Anti‐Influenza Virus from Chinese Medicinal Herbs Containing Coumarin: In Silico and In Vitro Experiments
Authors: Wu Yidi , Hu Jiamin , Ma Bei , Nie Xiaoning , Sun Jiaying 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDuring in silico research, based on molecular docking, dynamics simulation, network pharmacology and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) property, 31 potential compounds are obtained from seven Chinese medicinal herbs containing coumarins. Moreover, mechanism researches discover these compounds treat influenza A virus through key targets TLR4, MMP9, and IL6 (high fever, acute respiratory distress syndrome), MAPK1 and MAPK3 (MAPK signaling pathway, viral RNP export and viral protein expression), CASP3 (apoptosis), EP300 and CREBBP (viral myocarditis, chemoattraction of monocytes and macrophages, T cell activation antibody response). Further experimental verification finds that 22 of 31 compounds have various degrees of anti‐influenza virus activities. Moreover, 12 of 22 compounds have better biological activities (IC50=0.1609–54.95 μM) than oseltamivir (IC50=114.3 μM). 3 of 12 compounds have better antioxidant activities (IC50=2.087–3.796 μM) than vitamin C (IC50=5.004 μM). Therefore, ellagic acid, hyperoside, and fraxetin are promising multi‐target lead compounds for influenza virus therapy. Meanwhile, the present study offers compelling evidence for the development of novel antiviral medications.
Chemometrics Evaluation of Lemongrass Essential Oils: Authenticity, Quality and Selection Of Bioactives against t. cruzi.
Authors: de Melo Dênis G. , Gramosa Nilce V. , de G. A. Filho Elenilson , M. A. Silva Lorena , Canuto Kirley M. , Ribeiro Lyanna R. , de Menezes Ramon R. P. P. B. , Martins Alice M. C. , Ricardo Nágila M. P. S. , Ribeiro Maria E. N. P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe effectiveness of treatments against the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, is limited in the chronic phase of the disease. The essential oils of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon flexuosus) have shown activity against this parasite. This study aimed to use principal component analysis (PCA) to analyze the data of lemongrass essential oils submitted to gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) as well as partial least squares (PLS) regressions to correlate chemical variability with the results of biological assays. The PLS models highlighted geraniol, caryophyllene, and limonene as the main compounds responsible for antioxidant activity. Regarding cytotoxicity, the PLS models indicated that this activity is a cumulative effect of multiple compounds. For the trypanocidal effect, median lethal concentration (CL50) values ranged from 15.12 ± 3.96 to 110.10 ± 11.22 μg mL−1, resulting in selectivity index (SI) values of 2.99 to 22.55 times more selective for T. cruzi compared to host cells. PLS indicated that geraniol, neral and geranial were the main contributors to the trypanocidal effect, suggesting the potential for somatic or synergistic effects against trypomastigote forms.
Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Water Extracts of Artemisia annua and Their Antibacterial Activity Against Aquatic Pathogens
Authors: Wang Zhaofeng , Xu Hui , Wang Yifeng , Wang Lei , Zhang Bing , Wang Kun , Meng Jiafeng , Tong Yanwei , Wang Hua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by biological synthesis have many advantages. Among them, herbs attract wide attention due to their unique medicinal effects. In this paper, the water/alcohol/ether extracts of dried or fresh Artemisia annua were used as reducing agents and stabilizers to synthesize AgNPs. Water is a highly polar solvent that can effectively extract polar compounds such as phenolic profile, which possesses strong reducing properties and enables the reduction of Ag+ to AgNPs. The prepared AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectra, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential analysis. The AgNPs prepared from the water extracts of dried Artemisia annua have obvious bacteriostatic effects on six common aquatic pathogens and have a wide application prospect in aquaculture. The inhibition zone against Vibrio anguillarum is up to 16.88 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Vibrio anguillarum are 1.09 µg/mL and 2.17 µg/mL, respectively, which is lower than most published reports.
Enhanced Oxidation‐Resistant and Conductivity in MXene Films with Seamless Heterostructure
Authors: Qian Wei , Si Yunfa , Chen Pengfei , Tian Chao , Wang Zhe , Li Peng , Li Shuxin , He Daping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMXene‐based films have garnered significant attention for their remarkable electrical and mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the practical application of MXene is impeded by its intrinsic instability caused by spontaneous oxidation. The traditional anti‐oxidative strategies frequently lead to a compromise in stability, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties. In this study, a novel approach is proposed involving metal nano‐armoring, wherein a copper layer with nano thickness is deposited onto MXene film surfaces to establish a uniform and seamless heterogeneous interface (MXene@Cu). The precise tunability and uniformity of this heterostructure are consistently demonstrated through both theoretical calculations and experimental results. The MXene@Cu films exhibit exceptional electrical conductivity of 1.17 × 106 S m−1, electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 77.1 dB, and tensile strength of 43.4 MPa. More importantly, this heterostructure significantly improves MXene's stability against oxidation. After exposure to air for 30 days, the resultant MXene@Cu films exhibit a remarkable conductivity retention of 72.0%, significantly exceeding that of pristine MXene films (44.3%). This scalable synthesis approach holds significant promise for electronic device applications, particularly in electromagnetic shielding and thermal management.
Hydrogel and Microgel Collaboration for Spatiotemporal Delivery of Biofactors to Awaken Nucleus Pulposus‐Derived Stem Cells for Endogenous Repair of Disc
Authors: Wang Junwu , Huang Yilong , Luan Tian , Shi Pengzhi , Guo Lanhong , Zhang Qi , Shi Guang , Hao Zhuowen , Chen Tianhong , Zhang Liang , Li Jingfeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDepletion of nucleus pulposus‐derived stem cells (NPSCs) is a major contributing factor to the attenuation of endogenous regenerative capacity in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Introducing a hydrogel drug delivery system is a potential strategy for counteracting endogenous cell depletion. The present study proposes a delivery platform for the spatiotemporal release of multiple drugs by combining sodium alginate hydrogels with gelatin microgels (SCGP hydrogels). The SCGP hydrogels facilitated the initial release of chondroitin sulfate (ChS) and the gradual release of an independently developed parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (P2). The combined action of these two small molecule drugs “awakened” the reserve NPSCs, mitigated cell damage induced by H2O2, significantly enhanced their biological activity, and promoted their differentiation toward nucleus pulposus cells. The mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel are enhanced by physical and chemical dual cross‐linking to adapt to the loading environment of the degenerated disc. A rat IVDD model is used to validate that the SCGP hydrogel can significantly inhibit the progression of IVDD and stimulate the endogenous repair of IVDD. Therefore, the spatiotemporal differential drug delivery system of the SCGP hydrogel holds promise as a convenient and efficacious therapeutic strategy for minimally invasive IVDD treatment.
DNA Nanostructures: Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Qianqian , Liu Yanfei , Chen Qiwen , Li Mingfeng , Xu Lishang , Lin Bingyu , Tan Yifu , Liu Zhenbao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCancer immunotherapy is a groundbreaking medical revolution and a paradigm shift from traditional cancer treatments, harnessing the power of the immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. In recent years, DNA nanostructures have emerged as prominent players in cancer immunotherapy, exhibiting immense potential due to their controllable structure, surface addressability, and biocompatibility. This review provides an overview of the various applications of DNA nanostructures, including scaffolded DNA, DNA hydrogels, tetrahedral DNA nanostructures, DNA origami, spherical nucleic acids, and other DNA‐based nanostructures in cancer immunotherapy. These applications explore their roles in vaccine development, immune checkpoint blockade therapies, adoptive cellular therapies, and immune‐combination therapies. Through rational design and optimization, DNA nanostructures significantly bolster the immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment by facilitating antigen presentation, T‐cell activation, tumor infiltration, and precise immune‐mediated tumor killing. The integration of DNA nanostructures with cancer therapies ushers in a new era of cancer immunotherapy, offering renewed hope and strength in the battle against this formidable foe of human health.