bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accidental falls related to clearing heavy snow on rooftops in a rural heavy snow area in Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Seigo , Endoh Hiroshi , Nitta Masakazu 
Published: November 2016

AimThe purpose of this study is to describe our experience with patients who fell from rooftops while clearing snow. The falls occurred in rural areas that receive heavy snowfall and are undergoing depopulation and an increasing proportion of elderly residents.MethodsA retrospective observational chart review was carried out at the sole hospital providing emergency services in a rural heavy snow area in Japan.ResultsA total of 70 patients were enrolled during four winter seasons between December 2009 and March 2013. Their mean age was 61 years, and 90% were male. The mean vertical height of falls was 4.1 m. A total of 174 injuries was observed, averaging 2.5 injuries per patient. Fractures accounted for 78% of all injuries, and main fractures included vertebra with lower extremities or rib fractures; 86% of patients sustained a maximum abbreviated injury scale score of 2–3.ConclusionsIn a rural heavy snow area in Japan, the incidence of accidental falls related to clearing snow was high, and the victims were elderly. Fractures accounted for 78% of all injuries, and most patients suffered from moderate to serious injuries.
Decarboxylative Peptide Macrocyclization through Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: McCarver Stefan J. , Qiao Jennifer X. , Carpenter Joseph , Borzilleri Robert M. , Poss Michael A. , Eastgate Martin D. , Miller Michael M. , MacMillan David W. C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA method for the decarboxylative macrocyclization of peptides bearing N‐terminal Michael acceptors has been developed. This synthetic method enables the efficient synthesis of cyclic peptides containing γ‐amino acids and is tolerant of functionalities present in both natural and non‐proteinogenic amino acids. Linear precursors ranging from 3 to 15 amino acids cyclize effectively under this photoredox method. To demonstrate the preparative utility of this method in the context of bioactive molecules, we synthesized COR‐005, a somatostatin analogue that is currently in clinical trials.
Supramolecular Diblock Copolymers Featuring Well‐defined Telechelic Building Blocks
Authors: Elacqua Elizabeth , Croom Anna , Manning Kylie B. , Pomarico Scott K. , Lye Diane , Young Lauren , Weck Marcus 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report supramolecular AB diblock copolymers comprised of well‐defined telechelic building blocks. Helical motifs, formed via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) or anionic polymerization, are assembled with coil‐forming and sheet‐featuring blocks obtained via atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) or ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Interpolymer hydrogen bonding or metal‐coordination achieves dynamic diblock architectures featuring hybrid topologies of coils, helices, and/or π‐stacked sheets that, on a basic level, mimic protein structural motifs in fully synthetic systems. The intrinsic properties of each block (e.g., circular dichroism and fluorescence) remain unaffected in the wake of self‐assembly. This strategy to develop complex synthetic polymer scaffolds from functional building blocks is significant in a field striving to produce architectures reminiscent of biosynthesis, yet fully synthetic in nature. This is the first plug‐and‐play approach to fabricate hybrid π‐sheet/helix, π‐sheet/coil, and helix/coil architectures via directional self‐assembly.
Light‐Controlled Ion Transport through Biomimetic DNA‐Based Channels
Authors: Li Pei , Xie Ganhua , Kong Xiang‐Yu , Zhang Zhen , Xiao Kai , Wen Liping , Jiang Lei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLight‐controlled nanochannels are fabricated through self‐assembling azobenzene‐incorporated DNA (Azo‐DNA) strands to regulate ion transport. By switching between collapsed and relaxed states using visible and ultraviolet light alternately, the Azo‐DNA channels can be opened and closed because the conformation of Azo‐DNA changes, that is, Azo‐DNA is used as switchable controlling unit. In addition to sharing short response time and reversibility with other photoresponsive apparatuses, the Azo‐DNA‐based nanochannel system has advantages in good biocompatibility and versatile design, which could potentially be applied in light‐controlled drug release, optical information storage, and logic networks.
Engineered Substrate‐Specific Delta PKC Antagonists to Enhance Cardiac Therapeutics
Authors: Qvit Nir , Kornfeld Opher S. , Mochly‐Rosen Daria 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMost protein kinases phosphorylate multiple substrates, each of which induces different and sometimes opposing functions. Determining the role of phosphorylation of each substrate following a specific stimulus is challenging but is essential to elucidate the role of that substrate in the signaling event. Here we describe a rational approach to identify inhibitors of delta protein kinase C (δPKC), each inhibiting the phosphorylation of only one of δPKC′s substrates. δPKC regulates many signaling events and we hypothesized that a docking inhibitor of a given substrate to δPKC should selectively abrogate the phosphorylation of only that substrate, without affecting the phosphorylation of the other δPKC substrates. Here we report the development of selective inhibitors of three δPKC substrates (in vitro Kd≈3 nm); two greatly reduced ischemia‐induced cardiac injury with an IC50 of ≈200 nm and the third had no effect, indicating that its respective substrate phosphorylation by δPKC has no role in the response to cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. The three inhibitors are highly specific; even at 1 μm, the phosphorylation of other δPKC protein substrates was unaffected. The rationale we describe is likely applicable for the development of other substrate‐specific inhibitors as well.
PhSO2SCF2H: A Shelf‐Stable, Easily Scalable Reagent for Radical Difluoromethylthiolation
Authors: Zhu Dianhu , Shao Xinxin , Hong Xin , Lu Long , Shen Qilong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA new shelf‐stable and easily scalable difluoromethylthiolating reagent S‐(difluoromethyl) benzenesulfonothioate (PhSO2SCF2H) was developed. PhSO2SCF2H is a powerful reagent for radical difluoromethylthiolation of aryl and alkyl boronic acids, decarboxylative difluoromethylthiolation of aliphatic acids, and a phenylsulfonyl‐difluoromethylthio difunctionalization of alkenes under mild reaction conditions.
Carboxymethyl cellulose reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) with trimethylol melamine as a chemical crosslinker
Authors: Gao Zijian , Yu Zhe , Huang Chang , Duan Lijie , Gao Guang Hui 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIn this investigation, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)‐reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared with trimethylol melamine as a chemical crosslinker. The structure and property of hydrogels were measured by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), texture analysis, and rheometry. The FTIR spectra demonstrated that the etherification reaction successfully occurred in the PVA–CMC hydrogels, and the SEM figures exhibited the homogeneous porous structure of the CMC–PVA hydrogels. The compression strength of the PVA–CMC hydrogels was 15 times higher than that of the PVA hydrogels. Moreover, the PVA–CMC hydrogels exhibited a higher storage modulus than that of the PVA hydrogels; this illustrated better elasticity for the PVA–CMC hydrogels. As a result, CMC‐modified PVA hydrogels with high mechanical behavior will broaden the potential applications of hydrogels, such as in wound dressings, facial masks, and skin‐protection layers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44590.
Electrochemical studies on composite gel polymer electrolytes for lithium sulfur‐batteries
Authors: Natarajan Angulakshmi , Stephan Arul Manuel , Chan Chin Han , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Thomas Sabu 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTPoly(ethylene oxide)‐based composite gel polymer electrolytes (CGPE's) were prepared for various concentrations of magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) and LiTFSI as salt with a combination of 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) as plasticizer by a simple solution casting technique. The addition of plasticizers has significantly improved the ionic conductivity of the gel electrolytes. The prepared CGPEs were subjected to scanning electron microscopy, thermal, and FT‐IR analysis. The electrochemical properties such as ionic conductivity, compatibility, and charge–discharge behavior have also been studied. Preliminary studies revealed that the prepared CGPE can be employed as a potential electrolyte for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44594.
Self‐assembly properties of ultra‐long‐chain gemini surfactant with high performance in a fracturing fluid application
Authors: Yang Chunpeng , Hu Zhiyuan , Song Zhaozheng , Bai Jianyong , Zhang Yuan , Luo JiaQing , Du Yongxin , Jiang Qingzhe 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTA new cationic gemini surfactant (C25‐6‐C25), which had a special structure consisting of ultra‐long hydrophobic chains and amide groups, was synthesized using a main feedstock source obtained from rapeseed for thickening purposes. The 12 mmol L−1 C25‐6‐C25 fluid containing 0.19 mol L−1 potassium chloride (KCl) exhibited highly elastic properties at the angular frequency of 0.04–10 rad s−1. Its viscosity could be maintained at 55 mPa s for 1.5 h under a shear rate of 170 s−1 at 110 °C and it also showed a good proppant‐suspending property. C25‐6‐C25/KCl fluid exhibited high viscoelasticity and good performance, which were attributed to intermolecular forces, hydrogen bonding, and the shielding effect of electrostatic repulsion by KCl. Thus, C25‐6‐C25 is a very promising candidate for fracturing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44602.
Sarilumab and Nonbiologic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inadequate Response or Intolerance to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
Authors: Fleischmann Roy , van Adelsberg Janet , Lin Yong , Castelar‐Pinheiro Geraldo da Rocha , Brzezicki Jan , Hrycaj Pawel , Graham Neil M. H. , van Hoogstraten Hubert , Bauer Deborah , Burmester Gerd R. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of sarilumab plus conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in patients with active moderate‐to‐severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had an inadequate response or intolerance to anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapy.MethodsPatients were randomly allocated to receive sarilumab 150 mg, sarilumab 200 mg, or placebo every 2 weeks for 24 weeks with background conventional synthetic DMARDs. The co‐primary end points were the proportion of patients achieving a response according to the American College of Rheumatology 20% criteria for improvement (ACR20) at week 24, and change from baseline in the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index (HAQ DI) at week 12. Each sarilumab dose was evaluated against placebo; differences between the 2 sarilumab doses were not assessed.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of the treatment groups were similar. The ACR20 response rate at week 24 was significantly higher with sarilumab 150 mg and sarilumab 200 mg every 2 weeks compared with placebo (55.8%, 60.9%, and 33.7%, respectively; P < 0.0001). The mean change from baseline in the HAQ DI score at week 12 was significantly greater for sarilumab (least squares mean change: for 150 mg, −0.46 [P = 0.0007]; for 200 mg, −0.47 [P = 0.0004]) versus placebo (−0.26). Infections were the most frequently reported treatment‐emergent adverse events. Serious infections occurred in 1.1%, 0.6%, and 1.1% of patients receiving placebo, sarilumab 150 mg, and sarilumab 200 mg, respectively. Laboratory abnormalities included decreased absolute neutrophil count and increased transaminase levels in both sarilumab groups compared with placebo. In this study, reductions in the absolute neutrophil count were not associated with an increased incidence of infections or serious infections.ConclusionSarilumab 150 mg and sarilumab 200 mg every 2 weeks plus conventional synthetic DMARDs improved the signs and symptoms of RA and physical function in patients with an inadequate response or intolerance to anti‐TNF agents. Safety data were consistent with interleukin‐6 receptor blockade and the known safety profile of sarilumab.
Targeting the D Series Resolvin Receptor System for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Pain
Authors: Huang Junting , Burston James J. , Li Li , Ashraf Sadaf , Mapp Paul I. , Bennett Andrew J. , Ravipati Srinivasarao , Pousinis Petros , Barrett David A. , Scammell Brigitte E. , Chapman Victoria 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivePain is a major symptom of osteoarthritis (OA); currently available analgesics either do not provide adequate pain relief or are associated with serious side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting the resolvin receptor system to modify OA pain and pathology.MethodsGene expression of 2 resolvin receptors (ALX and ChemR23) was quantified in synovium and medial tibial plateau specimens obtained from patients with OA at the time of joint replacement surgery. Two models of OA joint pain were used for the mechanistic studies. Gene expression in the joint and central nervous system was quantified. The effects of exogenous administration of the D series resolvin precursor 17(R)‐hydroxy‐docosahexaenoic acid (17[R]‐HDoHE) on pain behavior, joint pathology, spinal microglia, and astroglyosis were quantified. Plasma levels of relevant lipids, resolvin D2, 17(R)‐HDoHE, and arachidonic acid, were determined in rats, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsThere was a positive correlation between resolvin receptor and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) expression in human OA synovial and medial tibial plateau tissue. In rats, synovial expression of ALX was positively correlated with expression of IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor, and cyclooxygenase 2. Treatment with 17(R)‐HDoHE reversed established pain behavior (but not joint pathology) in 2 models of OA pain. This was associated with a significant elevation in the plasma levels of resolvin D2 and a significant reduction in astrogliosis in the spinal cord in the monosodium iodoacetate–induced OA rat model.ConclusionOur preclinical data demonstrate the robust analgesic effects of activation of the D series resolvin pathways in 2 different animal models of OA. Our data support a predominant central mechanism of action in clinically relevant models of OA pain.
Consensus Problem with a Reference State for Fractional‐Order Multi‐Agent Systems
Authors: Bai Jing , Wen Guoguang , Rahmani Ahmed , Yu Yongguang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the consensus problem of fractional‐order multi‐agent systems with a reference state is studied under fixed directed communication graph. At the beginning, the convergence speeds of fractional‐order multi‐agent systems are investigated based on the Mittag‐Leffler function. Then, a common consensus control law and a consensus control law based on error predictor are proposed, and it is shown that the consensus tracking can be achieved using the above control laws when a communication graph has a directed spanning tree. Finally, the convergence speeds of fractional‐order systems are compared, and it is discovered that the convergence of systems is faster using the control law based on error predictor than using the common one.
Systematic review of educational interventions for looked‐after children and young people: Recommendations for intervention development and evaluation
Authors: Evans Rhiannon , Brown Rachel , Rees Gwyther , Smith Philip 
Published: November 2016

Looked‐after children and young people (LACYP) are educationally disadvantaged compared to the general population. A systematic review was conducted of randomised controlled trials evaluating interventions aimed at LACYP aged ≤18 years. Restrictions were not placed on delivery setting or delivery agent. Intervention outcomes were: academic skills; academic achievement and grade completion; special education status; homework completion; school attendance, suspension, and drop‐out; number of school placements; teacher‐student relationships; school behaviour; and academic attitudes. Fifteen studies reporting on 12 interventions met the inclusion criteria. Nine interventions demonstrated tentative impacts. However, evidence of effectiveness could not be ascertained due to variable methodological quality, as appraised by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Theoretical and methodological recommendations are provided to enhance the development and evaluation of educational interventions.
Chemiluminescence of off‐line and on‐line gold nanoparticle‐catalyzed luminol system in the presence of flavonoid
Authors: Wu Dong , Zhang Xiaoyue , Liu Yong , Ma Yan , Wang Xiaowu , Wang Xiaojuan , Xu Liuxin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIt was found that flavonoids could remarkably inhibit the chemiluminescence (CL) intensity of an off‐line gold nanoparticle (AuNP)‐catalyzed luminol–H2O2 CL system. By contrast, flavonoids enhanced the CL intensity of an on‐line AuNP‐catalyzed luminol–H2O2 CL system. In the off‐line system, the AuNPs were prepared beforehand, whereas in the on‐line system, AuNPs were produced by on‐line mixing of luminol prepared in a buffer solution of NaHCO3 − Na2CO3 and HAuCl4 with no need for the preliminary preparation of AuNPs. The on‐line system had prominent advantages over the off‐line system, namely a lowering of the background noise and improvements in the stability of the CL system. The results show that differences in the signal suppression effect of flavonoids on the off‐line AuNP‐catalyzed CL system are influenced by the combined action of a free radical scavenging effect and occupy‐sites function; the latter was proved to be predominant using controlled experiments. Enhancement of the on‐line system was ascribed to the presence of flavonoids promoting the on‐line formation of AuNPs, which better catalyzed the luminol–H2O2 CL reaction, and the enhancement activity of the six flavonoids increased with the increase in reducibility. This work broadens the scope of practical applications of an AuNP‐catalyzed CL system.
Predictive glycoengineering of biosimilars using a Markov chain glycosylation model
Authors: Spahn Philipp N. , Hansen Anders H. , Kol Stefan , Voldborg Bjørn G. , Lewis Nathan E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBiosimilar drugs must closely resemble the pharmacological attributes of innovator products to ensure safety and efficacy to obtain regulatory approval. Glycosylation is one critical quality attribute that must be matched, but it is inherently difficult to control due to the complexity of its biogenesis. This usually implies that costly and time‐consuming experimentation is required for clone identification and optimization of biosimilar glycosylation. Here, a computational method that utilizes a Markov model of glycosylation to predict optimal glycoengineering strategies to obtain a specific glycosylation profile with desired properties is described. The approach uses a genetic algorithm to find the required quantities to perturb glycosylation reaction rates that lead to the best possible match with a given glycosylation profile. Furthermore, the approach can be used to identify cell lines and clones that will require minimal intervention while achieving a glycoprofile that is most similar to the desired profile. Thus, this approach can facilitate biosimilar design by providing computational glycoengineering guidelines that can be generated with a minimal time and cost.
Gram (−) microorganisms DNA polymerase inhibition, antibacterial and chemical properties of fruit and leaf extracts of Sorbus acuparia and Sorbus caucasica var. yaltirikii
Authors: Turumtay Halbay , Midilli Ahmet , Turumtay Emine Akyuz , Demir Adem , Selvi Emine Kılıçkaya , Budak Emine Esra , Er Havva , Kocaimamoglu Fatih , Baykal Hüseyin , Belduz Ali Osman , Atamov Vagif , Sandallı Cemal 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInvestigation of novel plant‐based agents might provide alternative antibiotics and thus fight antibiotic resistance. Here, we measured the ability of fruit and leaf extracts of Sorbus aucuparia (Sauc) and endemic Sorbus caucasica var. yaltirikii (Scau) to inhibit nonreplicative (Klenow Fragment‐KF and Bacillus Large Fragment‐BLF) and replicative (DnaE and PolC) bacterial DNA polymerases along with their antimicrobial, DPPH free radical scavenging activity (RSA), and chemical contents by total phenolic content and HPLC‐DAD analysis. We found that leaf extracts had nearly 10‐fold higher RSA and 5‐fold greater TPC than the corresponding fruit extracts. All extracts had large amounts of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and rutin, while fruit extracts had large amounts of quercetin. Hydrolysis of fruit extracts revealed mainly caffeic acid from CGA (caffeoylquinic acid) and quercetin from rutin (quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside), as well as CGA and derivatives of CGA and p‐coumaric acid. Plant extracts of Sorbus species showed antimicrobial activity against Gram‐negative microorganisms. Scau leaf extracts exhibited strong inhibition of KF activity. Sauc and Scau leaf extracts also strongly inhibited two replicative DNA polymerases. Thus, these species can be considered a potential source of novel antimicrobial agents specific for Gram‐negative bacteria.
Carotid artery stenting: Avoiding the perfect storm
Authors: Safian Robert D. 
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid artery endarterectomy (CEA) have achieved equipoise for most patients with carotid artery stenosis.
Studies of outcomes after CAS and CEA must consider important patient and anatomic characteristics.
A perfect storm for CAS is observed in a clinical scenario characterized by acute stroke, high likelihood for unstable plaque and thrombus, early revascularization, operator inexperience, and failure to use closed‐cell stents and embolic protection. Adverse outcomes in these situations are not shortcomings of CAS, but are due to poor clinical decision‐making and judgment.
STEMI with multivessel disease: An ongoing battle for the optimal treatment strategy
Authors: Farhan Serdar , Mehran Roxana 
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Multivessel compared to single vessel PCI in patients with STEMI is associated with younger age and less comorbid conditions
Multivessel PCI for patients with STEMI and multivessel disease appears to be safe without increased mortality compared to infarct‐related artery only PCI.
Results from ongoing large‐scale randomized trials are under way to provide robust evidence of the ideal interventional therapy of patients with STEMI and multivessel disease.