bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of tower and nacelle on the flow past a wind turbine
Authors: Santoni Christian , Carrasquillo Kenneth , Arenas‐Navarro Isnardo , Leonardi Stefano 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLarge eddy simulations (LES) of the flow past a wind turbine with and without tower and nacelle have been performed at 2 tip speed ratios (TSR,
), λ=3 and 6, where the latter corresponds to design conditions. The turbine model is placed in a virtual wind tunnel to reproduce the “Blind test 1” experiment performed at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) closed‐loop wind tunnel. The wind turbine was modeled using the actuator line model for the rotor blades and the immersed boundary method for the tower and nacelle. The aim of the paper is to highlight the impact of tower and nacelle on the turbine wake. Therefore, a second set of simulations with the rotating blades only (neglecting the tower and nacelle) has been performed as reference. Present results are compared with the experimental measurements made at NTNU and numerical simulations available in the literature. The tower and nacelle not only produce a velocity deficit in the wake but they also affect the turbulent kinetic energy and the fluxes. The wake of the tower interacts with that generated by the turbine blades promoting the breakdown of the tip vortex and increasing the mean kinetic energy flux into the wake. When tower and nacelle are modeled in the numerical simulations, results improve significantly both in the near wake and in the far wake.
Patients’ Knowledge of Prenatal Screening for Trisomy 21
Authors: Sheinis Michal , Bensimon Kira , Selk Amanda 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study's objective was to assess the knowledge of prenatal screening for Trisomy 21 in pregnant women in one institution in Canada. A cross‐sectional survey measuring demographics, knowledge of screening, and health literacy, was administered to pregnant women. Of the 135 women who completed the survey, 74% had adequate knowledge of Trisomy 21 and associated screening procedures. Twenty‐eight point one percent of women did not receive any counseling. Overall, 29.5% of women did not know that the screening test was optional and 10.2% of women underwent screening prior to having been counseled. Multigravidity (p < 0.05) and prior counseling (p < 0.001) were positively correlated with knowledge while first language other than English (p < 0.001) was negatively correlated with knowledge. Given these findings, an effort needs to be made on the part of health care providers to increase counseling rates to 100%, stressing the optional nature of the test to attain true informed consent.
Partial data inverse problems for Maxwell equations via Carleman estimates
Authors: Salo Mikko , Tzou Leo , Chung Francis J. , Ola Petri 
Published: July 2017

In this article we consider an inverse boundary value problem for the time-harmonic Maxwell equations. We show that the electromagnetic material parameters are determined by boundary measurements where part of the boundary data is measured on a possibly very small set. This is an extension of earlier scalar results of Bukhgeim–Uhlmann and Kenig–Sjöstrand–Uhlmann to the Maxwell system. The main contribution is to show that the Carleman estimate approach to scalar partial data inverse problems introduced in those works can be carried over to the Maxwell system.

Résumé
Dans cet article nous considérons un problème inverse aux limites pour les équations de Maxwell harmoniques en temps. Nous montrons que les paramètres électromagnétiques sont déterminés par des mesures sur un très petit sous-ensemble du bord. Ces résultats pour le système de Maxwell sont une extension des résultats scalaires de Bukhgeim–Uhlmann et Kenig–Sjöstrand–Uhlmann. La contribution principale est de montrer que les méthodes d'estimations de Carleman de ces articles peuvent être généralisées au système de Maxwell.
Global Health Imaging in Radiology Residency: A Survey of Canadian Radiology Residents
Authors: Zener Rebecca , Ross Ian 
Published: July 2017

Purpose The study sought to determine Canadian radiology resident perception of and interest in global health imaging (GHI) and the barriers they encounter in pursuing GHI experiences during residency training. Methods A peer-reviewed, online, anonymous, multiple-choice survey was distributed to Canadian radiology residents at English-language programs. Results Fifty residents responded to the survey (∼16% response rate); 72% of respondents perceived an unmet need for medical imaging in the developing world. A majority of residents (60%) would have been likely to participate in a GHI experience if one had been available during their residency; 65% planned on pursuing international outreach work as future radiologists, 81% of whom with on-site collaboration in education and training of local staff. However, 82% of respondents were uncertain or believed they would not be adequately prepared to help improve access and availability of medical imaging services in developing countries upon completion of residency. Overall, residents believed a GHI program would increase their knowledge of infectious diseases, increase their exposure to diseases at advanced stage presentation, enhance their knowledge of basic imaging modalities, and improve their cultural competence. Lack of information about opportunities, lack of funding, and lack of infrastructure were ranked as the most important barriers to participating in a radiology rotation in a developing country during residency. Conclusion While many Canadian radiology residents are interested in participating in GHI, their preparation to do so may be inadequate. Formalizing international GHI rotations may alleviate barriers impeding their pursuit.
High Nrf2 expression in alveolar type I pneumocytes is associated with low recurrences in primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Chen Yu‐Wen , Chiu Wen‐Chin , Chou Shah‐Hwa , Su Yu‐Han , Huang Ying‐Fong , Lee Yen‐Lung , Yuan Shyng‐Shiou F. , Lee Yi‐Chen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecurrent primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a troublesome problem and a major concern for the patients. This study examined whether nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in alveolar type I pneumocytes was associated with the clinical manifestations of PSP patients including disease recurrence. Eighty‐eight PSP patients who were managed with needlescopic video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (NVATS) were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was assessed to determine Nrf2 expression in resected lung tissues and the results were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics by the chi‐square or the Fisher's exact test. The prognostic value of Nrf2 for overall recurrence was evaluated by univariate and multivariable Cox regression model. The expression of Nrf2 was observed in type I pneumocytes of lung tissues from PSP patients by IHC. We found that low Nrf2 expression in PSP patients, especially in young (age ≤ 20, p = 0.033) and body mass index (BMI) ≥18 kg/m2 (p = 0.019) groups, was significantly correlated with PSP recurrence. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, high Nrf2 expression was a significant protective factor for overall recurrence in PSP patients (univariate: p = 0.026; multivariate: p = 0.004). The expression level of Nrf2 in alveolar type I pneumocytes was a potential factor involved in PSP recurrence. Our findings suggest that elevated Nrf2 expression in PSP patients may be a promising way for reducing PSP recurrence.
Target guided synthesis using DNA nano-templates for selectively assembling a G-quadruplex binding c-MYC inhibitor
Authors: Panda Deepanjan , Saha Puja , Das Tania , Dash Jyotirmayee 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe development of small molecules is essential to modulate the cellular functions of biological targets in living system. Target Guided Synthesis (TGS) approaches have been used for the identification of potent small molecules for biological targets. We herein demonstrate an innovative example of TGS using DNA nano-templates that promote Huisgen cycloaddition from an array of azide and alkyne fragments. A G-quadruplex and a control duplex DNA nano-template have been prepared by assembling the DNA structures on gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles. The DNA nano-templates facilitate the regioselective formation of 1,4-substituted triazole products, which are easily isolated by magnetic decantation. The G-quadruplex nano-template can be easily recovered and reused for five reaction cycles. The major triazole product, generated by the G-quadruplex inhibits c-MYC expression by directly targeting the c-MYC promoter G-quadruplex. This work highlights that the nano-TGS approach may serve as a valuable strategy to generate target-selective ligands for drug discovery.
Effect of water activity on rates of serpentinization of olivine
Authors: Lamadrid Hector M. , Rimstidt J. Donald , Schwarzenbach Esther M. , Klein Frieder , Ulrich Sarah , Dolocan Andrei , Bodnar Robert J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe hydrothermal alteration of mantle rocks (referred to as serpentinization) occurs in submarine environments extending from mid-ocean ridges to subduction zones. Serpentinization affects the physical and chemical properties of oceanic lithosphere, represents one of the major mechanisms driving mass exchange between the mantle and the Earth’s surface, and is central to current origin of life hypotheses as well as the search for microbial life on the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn. In spite of increasing interest in the serpentinization process by researchers in diverse fields, the rates of serpentinization and the controlling factors are poorly understood. Here we use a novel in situ experimental method involving olivine micro-reactors and show that the rate of serpentinization is strongly controlled by the salinity (water activity) of the reacting fluid and demonstrate that the rate of serpentinization of olivine slows down as salinity increases and H2O activity decreases.
Stage 1 development of a patient-reported experience measure (PREM) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Walker Susan , Andrew Sharon , Hodson Matthew , Roberts C. Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe study aimed to explore patients’ experience of living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their perspective of their community healthcare for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to extract affective responses in order to develop potential items for a patient-reported experience measure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Qualitative face-face interviews were conducted, in the community, with 64 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease recruited from General Practices and Breathe-Easy community groups in the Outer North East, East and City areas of London and Essex, UK. A two phase analysis of the qualitative data was conducted to identify themes arising from patients’ description of living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their perceptions of their community healthcare and subsequently the affective responses underlying the themes raised by patients, which gave emotional colour to the themes, bringing the thematic analysis closer to the subjective patient experience. Five themes were identified from the interview data: ‘Journey to diagnosis’; ‘Smoking’; ‘Usual care’; ‘My everyday life’; and ‘Exacerbations’. Twenty-one affective responses were identified and categorised as either ‘negative’, ‘positive’ or ‘bivalent’. ‘Frustration’, a negative affective response was prevalent in four themes. ‘Gratitude’, ‘hope’ and ‘happiness/enjoyment’ were among the more positive responses more prevalent across several themes. By conducting a novel two-way analysis (thematic and affective) it was possible to identify themes and affective responses that were aligned to those themes. This enabled the development of 38 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-specific experience items to take forward for further testing including item reduction and validity and reliability in the next stage of the patient-reported experience measure development.
Growth hormone reverses dyslipidemia in adult offspring after maternal undernutrition
Authors: Zhu Wei-fen , Tang Sheng-jie , Shen Zheng , Wang Ying-min , Liang Li 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe abnormal intrauterine milieu of fetal growth retardation could lead to dyslipidemia in adulthood. Studies have shown that growth hormone (GH) therapy in small for gestational age (SGA) children would be beneficial for metabolic parameters. Here we investigated whether GH treatment introduced at adolescent period in SGA could reverse dyslipidemia during later life. SGA rat model was established by using semi-starvation treatment during the whole pregnancy. SGA or appropriate for gestational age (AGA) offspring were assigned to receive GH or normal saline (NS). Once-daily subcutaneous injections of GH were administered between 21–35 days of age. In adulthood, as compared to AGA, SGA showed: (1) decreased body weight and length; (2) increased serum triglycerides; (3) down-regulated hepatic AMPK-α1 but up-regulated SREBP-1c and ACC-1; (4) a significant reduction in histone H3 acetylation at the promoter of AMPK-α1. Exogenous GH administration led to a restoration of body weight and length and normalized serum triglycerides by reversing expression of AMPK-α1 and its targeted genes SREBP-1c and ACC-1, through increasing H3 acetylation at the promoter of AMPK-α1 in SGA in adult period. These results demonstrated positive effects on lipid metabolism by a short treatment course of GH in SGA adult period.
Geometric Heterogeneity of Continental Shale in the Yanchang Formation, Southern Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Li Lihui , Huang Beixiu , Tan Yufang , Deng Xiaolong , Li Yanyan , Zheng Hu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFavorable prospects for the exploration of shale gas have been demonstrated in the Ordos Basin, China. Outcrop and core observations indicate that there are abundant laminas in the shale strata, which exert a great influence on hydro-fracture propagation, gas storage and fluid flow. In this study, the continental shale of the Chang 72 Member, collected from the south of Ordos Basin, was investigated to characterize the geometric heterogeneity. Laminas at multiple scales were observed and measured using conventional logging, borehole TV, core analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and the Particle and Crack Analysis System. These measurement tools correspond to the meter scale, decimeter scale, centimeter scale, millimeter scale and ten-micrometer scale, respectively, with measured thicknesses of 2.26 m, 2.09 dm, 1.70 cm, 1.48 mm and 11.70 μm, respectively. Fractal theory was used to analyze the power exponent distribution of the lamina thickness, with a resulting fractal dimension of 1.06. Finally, a geometric heterogeneity model was proposed for the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the study area and verified by a modeled thickness of 26.30 m for the Chang 72 Member at the 10-m scale. The model facilitates cross-scale analysis and provides parameter guidance for heterogeneity characterization in the numerical simulation and model test of the shale gas reservoir.
A population-specific reference panel empowers genetic studies of Anabaptist populations
Authors: Hou Liping , Kember Rachel L. , Roach Jared C. , O’Connell Jeffrey R. , Craig David W. , Bucan Maja , Scott William K. , Pericak-Vance Margaret , Haines Jonathan L. , Crawford Michael H. , Shuldiner Alan R. , McMahon Francis J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGenotype imputation is a powerful strategy for achieving the large sample sizes required for identification of variants underlying complex phenotypes, but imputation of rare variants remains problematic. Genetically isolated populations offer one solution, however population-specific reference panels are needed to assure optimal imputation accuracy and allele frequency estimation. Here we report the Anabaptist Genome Reference Panel (AGRP), the first whole-genome catalogue of variants and phased haplotypes in people of Amish and Mennonite ancestry. Based on high-depth whole-genome sequence (WGS) from 265 individuals, the AGRP contains >12 M high-confidence single nucleotide variants and short indels, of which ~12.5% are novel. These Anabaptist-specific variants were more deleterious than variants with comparable frequencies observed in the 1000 Genomes panel. About 43,000 variants showed enriched allele frequencies in AGRP, consistent with drift. When combined with the 1000 Genomes Project reference panel, the AGRP substantially improved imputation, especially for rarer variants. The AGRP is freely available to researchers through an imputation server.
Expansion of human midbrain floor plate progenitors from induced pluripotent stem cells increases dopaminergic neuron differentiation potential
Authors: Fedele Stefania , Collo Ginetta , Behr Katharina , Bischofberger Josef , Müller Stephan , Kunath Tilo , Christensen Klaus , Gündner Anna Lisa , Graf Martin , Jagasia Ravi , Taylor Verdon 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are invaluable to study developmental processes and disease mechanisms particularly in the brain. hiPSCs can be differentiated into mature and functional dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Having robust protocols for the generation of differentiated DA neurons from pluripotent cells is a prerequisite for the use of hiPSCs to study disease mechanisms, for drug discovery, and eventually for cell replacement therapy. Here, we describe a protocol for generating and expanding large numbers of homogeneous midbrain floor plate progenitors (mFPPs) that retain efficient DA neurogenic potential over multiple passages and can be cryobanked. We demonstrate that expanded mFPPs have increased DA neuron potential and differentiate more efficiently and rapidly than progenitors generated by standard protocols. In addition, this novel method results in increased numbers of DA neurons thatin vitroshow characteristic electrophysiological properties of nigrostriatal DA neurons, produce high levels of dopamine, and integrate into host mice when graftedin vivo. Thus, we describe a robust method for producing human mesencephalic DA neurons from hiPSCs.
Transcriptome profiling of the spermatheca identifies genes potentially involved in the long-term sperm storage of ant queens
Authors: Gotoh Ayako , Shigenobu Shuji , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Kobayashi Satoru , Ito Fuminori , Tsuji Kazuki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFemales of social Hymenoptera only mate at the beginning of their adult lives and produce offspring until their death. In most ant species, queens live for over a decade, indicating that ant queens can store large numbers of spermatozoa throughout their long lives. To reveal the prolonged sperm storage mechanisms, we identified enriched genes in the sperm-storage organ (spermatheca) relative to those in body samples inCrematogaster osakensisqueens using the RNA-sequencing method. The genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, proteases, and extracellular matrix-related genes, and novel genes that have no similar sequences in the public databases were identified. We also performed differential expression analyses between the virgin and mated spermathecae or between the spermathecae at 1-week and 1-year after mating, to identify genes altered by the mating status or by the sperm storage period, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment analyses suggested that antioxidant function is enhanced in the spermatheca at 1-week after mating compared with the virgin spermatheca and the spermatheca at 1-year after mating.In situhybridization analyses of 128 selected contigs revealed that 12 contigs were particular to the spermatheca. These genes have never been reported in the reproductive organs of insect females, suggesting specialized roles in ant spermatheca.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparison of traditional and new generation DNA markers declares high genetic diversity and differentiated population structure of wild almond species
Authors: Sorkheh Karim , Dehkordi Mehrana Koohi , Ercisli Sezai , Hegedus Attila , Halász Júlia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWild almond species as sources of genetic variation may have crucial importance in breeding. A total of 389 accessions of 18 species have been analysed using inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP), retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP), sequence-specific amplification polymorphism (S-SAP), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and simple sequence repeats (SSR). Retrotransposon markers indicated the presence and movement of some Ty3-gypsyand Ty1-copia-elements in almond genome. Since transposable elements are associated with large-scale genome alterations, REMAP produced more reliable phylogenetic inferences than AFLP where homoplasy may affect clustering. In addition, high resolution melting (HRM) analysis was developed to detect SNPs. HRM analysis revealed 1:189 bp frequency of SNPs in exon positions, and the transition-to-transversion proportion was 1.84:1. The low transition bias suggests low methylation levels in almond genome. The polymorphic information content (PIC) was the highest for SSR markers, while SNPs had an average PIC of 0.59, which is close to the values of the rest of the markers. Huge genetic diversity, fragmented population structure and footprints of human selection was confirmed by merging information from all marker strategies. Considering time, cost and performance HRM can be a marker of choice in future studies ofPrunusdiversity.
Antarctic sea ice region as a source of biogenic organic nitrogen in aerosols
Authors: Dall’Osto Manuel , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Paglione Marco , Beddows David C. S. , Ceburnis Darius , Cree Charlotte , Cortés Pau , Zamanillo Marina , Nunes Sdena O. , Pérez Gonzalo L. , Ortega-Retuerta Eva , Emelianov Mikhail , Vaqué Dolors , Marrasé Cèlia , Estrada Marta , Sala M. Montserrat , Vidal Montserrat , Fitzsimons Mark F. , Beale Rachael , Airs Ruth , Rinaldi Matteo , Decesari Stefano , Cristina Facchini Maria , Harrison Roy M. , O’Dowd Colin , Simó Rafel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractClimate warming affects the development and distribution of sea ice, but at present the evidence of polar ecosystem feedbacks on climate through changes in the atmosphere is sparse. By means of synergistic atmospheric and oceanic measurements in the Southern Ocean near Antarctica, we present evidence that the microbiota of sea ice and sea ice-influenced ocean are a previously unknown significant source of atmospheric organic nitrogen, including low molecular weight alkyl-amines. Given the keystone role of nitrogen compounds in aerosol formation, growth and neutralization, our findings call for greater chemical and source diversity in the modelling efforts linking the marine ecosystem to aerosol-mediated climate effects in the Southern Ocean.