bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on the Quality of the Main and Ratoon Rice Crops
Authors: Alizadeh Mohammad Reza , Habibi Fatemeh 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPhysical, milling and cooking attributes of the main and ratoon crops in three rice cultivars, namely Hashemi, Alikazemi and Tarom, were compared in a factorial layout based on randomized complete block design in five replications. The results revealed that for each tested cultivar, the length and slenderness ratio of the main rice grains was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those of the ratoon crop. The means of head rice yield and whiteness degree in the main crop (76.01 and 46.45%, respectively) were significantly different (P < 0.01) with the corresponding values in the ratoon rice (80.27 and 40.10%, respectively), however, the effect of crop type on the total milled rice yield was not significant. Among the qualities evaluated, the amylase content and alkali spreading value in the main rice crop (21.97% and 4.27, respectively) was significantly lower than those of the ratoon rice (22.93% and 5.50, respectively).Practical ApplicationsRice quality features such as milling and cooking quality is the main factors for its market acceptability. Since ratoon rice as re‐harvested of the main crop can be considered for improving economic status of the farmers because of its low production cost and to encourage the farmers to develop ratoon cultivation in rice fields, it is a need to determine such properties as physical dimensions, head rice yield, milling recovery, whiteness, amylose content, alkali spreading value and other cooking quality as compared to the main rice crop.
Fortification of Commercial Nixtamalized Maize (Zea mays L.) with Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Increased the Nutritional and Nutraceutical Content of Tortillas without Modifying Sensory Properties
Authors: Treviño‐Mejía Daniela , Luna‐Vital Diego A. , Gaytán‐Martínez Marcela , Mendoza Sandra , Loarca‐Piña Guadalupe 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCommon beans have been used to fortify maize tortillas increasing nutritional properties but affecting sensorial properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and nutraceutical composition; and acceptability of tortillas formulated with maize and common bean. The physicochemical characterization showed no significant differences between common bean‐fortified (CBMF) and maize (CMF) tortillas regarding texture, rolability and puffing. Nutritionally, CBMF had higher protein (10.89%) and dietary fiber (12.76%) levels than CMF tortilla (9.47 and 5.78%, respectively). Compared with CMF tortilla, CBMF had higher content of bound phenolics (2.13 and 1.84 mg eq. gallic acid/g, respectively). CBMF tortillas contained higher flavonoids concentration (62.59 mg eq. rutin/g) than CMF tortilla (33.73 mg eq. rutin/g). According to the sensory evaluation, there were no differences of general acceptance. The results suggest that the addition of bean to maize flour increased the nutraceutical value in tortillas without modifying their sensory attributes.Practical ApplicationsTortillas are widely consumed in Latin American countries. Tortilla flour industry is well positioned in the market; however, looking for a healthier lifestyle, the consumption of tortillas is starting to decrease. The fortification of maize tortillas with common bean in the formulation proposed in this work represents an alternative of nutritional improvement for this product maintaining its sensory and technological properties.
Effects of Soybean Processing and Packaging on the Quality of Commonly Consumed Local Delicacy Tempe
Authors: Santhirasegaram Vicknesha , George Dominic Soloman , Anthony Kelvin Kiran , Singh Hasvinder Kaur Baldev , Saruan Nadiah Mohd , Razali Zuliana , Somasundram Chandran 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTempe is a processed food, produced by fermenting soybeans with fungus Rhizopus oligosporus. In this study, the effects of soybean processing (soaking, cooking and fermentation) and packaging (food grade wrapping paper, polyethylene bags and low density polyethylene cling wrap) on physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities and microbial count were evaluated. In addition, shelf life study of tempe samples (packed) was conducted for 1 week. Soaking and cooking significantly decreased polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activities of soybeans. After fermentation, tempe samples exhibited significant improvement in physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities and extractability of polyphenols and flavonoids, when compared with unfermented soybeans. Food grade wrapping paper and perforated polyethylene bags were selected as suitable materials for packaging tempe as there were no significant changes in quality and the shelf life of tempe was extended for 3 days. Results obtained support the use of fermentation to improve the quality of soybeans along with safety standards.Practical ApplicationsTempe processing and packaging plays an important role in extending the shelf‐life of the product. The results of this study suggest that tempe samples exhibited significant improvement in antioxidant activities and extractability of polyphenols and flavonoids, after fermentation. Food grade wrapping paper and perforated polyethylene bags were selected as suitable materials for packaging tempe. This study could serve to improve the progress of processing and packaging for maintaining the quality of tempe.
Combining Gait Speed and Recall Memory to Predict Survival in Late Life: Population‐Based Study
Authors: Marengoni Alessandra , Bandinelli Stefania , Maietti Elisa , Guralnik Jack , Zuliani Giovanni , Ferrucci Luigi , Volpato Stefano 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between gait speed, recall memory, and mortality.DesignA cohort study (last follow‐up December 2009).SettingTuscany, Italy.ParticipantsIndividual data from 1,014 community‐dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older with baseline gait speed and recall memory measurements and follow‐up for a median time of 9.10 (IQR 7.1;9.3) years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.9 (7.3) years, and 55.8% women. Participants walking faster than 0.8 m/s were defined as fast walkers; good recall memory was defined as a score of 2 or 3 in the 3‐word delayed recall section of the Mini‐Mental State Examination.MeasurementsAll‐cause mortality.ResultsThere were 302 deaths and the overall 100 person‐year death rate was 3.77 (95% CI: 3.37–4.22). Both low gait speed and poor recall memory were associated with mortality when analysed separately (HR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.87–3.27 and HR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.16–1.87, respectively). When we grouped participants according to both recall and gait speed, death rates (100 person‐years) progressively increased from those with both good gait speed and memory (2.0; 95% CI: 1.6–2.5), to those with fast walk but poor memory (3.4; 95% CI: 2.8–4.2), to those with slow walk and good memory (8.8; 95% CI: 6.4–12.1), to those with both slow walk and poor memory (13.0; 95% CI: 10.6–16.1). In multivariate analysis, poor memory significantly increases mortality risk among persons with fast gait speed (HR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.04–1.89).ConclusionIn older persons, gait speed and recall memory are independent predictors of expected survival. Information on memory function might better stratify mortality risk among persons with fast gait speed.
Activation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor‐tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: a novel mechanism for the homeostatic regulation of rapid eye movement sleep
Authors: Barnes Abigail K. , Koul‐Tiwari Richa , Garner Jennifer M. , Geist Phillip A. , Datta Subimal 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRapid eye movement (REM) sleep dysregulation is a symptom of many neuropsychiatric disorders, yet the mechanisms of REM sleep homeostatic regulation are not fully understood. We have shown that, after REM sleep deprivation, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) plays a critical role in the generation of recovery REM sleep. In this study, we used multidisciplinary techniques to show a causal relationship between brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‐tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling in the PPT and the development of REM sleep homeostatic drive. Rats were randomly assigned to conditions of unrestricted sleep or selective REM sleep deprivation (RSD) with PPT microinjections of vehicle control or a dose of a TrkB receptor inhibitor (2, 3, or 4 nmol K252a or 4 nmol ANA‐12). On experimental days, rats received PPT microinjections and their sleep‐wake physiological signals were recorded for 3 or 6 h, during which selective RSD was performed in the first 3 h. At the end of all 3 h recordings, rats were killed and the PPT was dissected out for BDNF quantification. Our results show that K252a and ANA‐12 dose‐dependently reduced the homeostatic responses to selective RSD. Specifically, TrkB receptor inhibition reduced REM sleep homeostatic drive and limited REM sleep rebound. There was also a dose‐dependent suppression of PPT BDNF up‐regulation, and regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between REM sleep homeostatic drive and the level of PPT BDNF expression. These data provide the first direct evidence that activation of BDNF‐TrkB signaling in the PPT is a critical step for the development of REM sleep homeostatic drive.
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A biomechanical view on stinger diversity in scorpions
Authors: van der Meijden Arie , Kleinteich Thomas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractScorpions have elongated metasomas that bear a telson, which is used as a stinger for venom injection. There is a remarkable diversity in the use of the stinger among scorpions, comprising defensive behavior, prey subjugation and mating. This diversity could be reflected by the shape of the telson, as different stinging behaviors will result in very different functional demands. Here we explored the diversity of telson shapes in scorpions by providing morphological measurements, such as curvature and tip angle, as well as by testing stingers under load using finite element analysis (FEA).FEAmodels were loaded with forces scaled to the surface area of the models, to allow comparison of the relative strain energy based on shape alone. Load force angle was rotated to identify the optimal stinging angle based on the lowest strain energy. Aculeus length and mean aculeus height correlated with minimal strain energy. Optimal stinging angle correlated with tip angle, and differed from the tip angle by about 28.4 ± 6.22 °. We found that species that are more venomous have long aculei (stinger barbs) with a larger radius of curvature.FEAmodels of these longer aculei showed basal stress concentrations, indicating a potential greater risk of basal breakage due to shape alone. Telsons with shorter and thicker aculeus shapes showed stress concentrations at the tip only. Despite these marked differences in shape, we found no difference in the scaled strain energy between groups of species that are more venomous and less venomous groups of species. These results show that scorpion stingers may be biomechanically optimized, and this may indicate different usage of the stinger in different species.
Envisaging the use of evidence‐based practice (EBP): how nurse academics facilitate EBP use in theory and practice across Australian undergraduate programmes
Authors: Malik Gulzar , McKenna Lisa , Griffiths Debra 
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectivesThis paper is drawn from a grounded theory study that aimed to investigate processes undertaken by academics when integrating evidence‐based practice into undergraduate curricula. This paper focuses on how nurse academics facilitated students to apply evidence‐based practice in theory and practice.BackgroundFacilitating undergraduate nursing students to develop skills within an evidence‐based practice framework is vital to achieving evidence‐based care. Studies on evidence‐based practice conducted globally suggests that there is a need to investigate approaches used by nurse academics in facilitating students’ understanding and use of evidence‐based practice during their nurse education.MethodsEmploying constructivist grounded theory approach, 23 nurse academics across Australian universities were interviewed and nine observed during their teaching. Some study participants shared their unit guides to enrich analysis. Data analysis was performed by following Charmaz's approach of coding procedures; as a result, four categories were constructed. This paper focuses on the category conceptualised as Envisaging the use of evidence‐based practice.ResultsFindings revealed that most academics‐assisted students to use evidence in academic‐related activities. Recognising the importance of evidence‐based practice in practice, some also expected students to apply evidence‐based practice during clinical experiences. However, the level of students’ appreciation for evidence‐based practice during clinical experiences was unknown to participants and was influenced by practice‐related barriers. Acknowledging these challenges, academics were engaged in dialogue with students and suggested the need for academia–practice collaboration in combating the cited barriers.ConclusionEnsuring academics are supported to emphasise clinical application of evidence‐based practice requires strategies at school and practice levels. Faculty development, engagement of clinical nurses with evidence‐based practice, supportive culture for nurses and students to apply evidence‐based practice principles, and collaboration between academia and practice will make facilitation by academics practical and meaningful for students.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings from this study point to a number of initiatives for clinical leadership to provide infrastructure and support for academics, practising nurses and undergraduate students to adopt evidence‐based practice in practice settings, thereby influencing practice outcomes.
Intimate partner violence screening in emergency department: a rapid review of the literature
Authors: Ahmad Irfan , Ali Parveen Azam , Rehman Salma , Talpur Ashfaque , Dhingra Katie 
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of the review was to identify intimate partner violence screening interventions used in emergency departments and to explore factors affecting intimate partner violence screening in emergency departments.BackgroundIntimate partner violence against women is now clearly recognised as a global health and societal issue. Nurses working in emergency and urgent care settings can play a crucial role in identification, prevention and management of intimate partner violence. Research exploring optimal methods of intimate partner violence screening and factors affecting intimate partner violence screening in emergency departments are relatively limited.DesignLiterature review: Rapid Evidence Synthesis.MethodsLiterature published between 2000–2015 was reviewed using the principles of rapid evidence assessment. Six electronic databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Psych Info, the Cochrane Library and Joanna Briggs Library.ResultsTwenty‐nine empirical studies meeting the eligibility criteria were independently assessed by two authors using appropriate Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklists. Intimate partner violence screening in emergency departments is usually performed using electronic, face to face or pen‐ and paper‐based instruments. Routine or universal screening results in higher identification rates of intimate partner violence. Women who screen positive for intimate partner violence in emergency departments are more likely to experience abuse in subsequent months. Factors that facilitate partner violence screening can be classified as healthcare professionals related factors, organisational factors and patient‐related factors.ConclusionsEmergency departments provide a unique opportunity for healthcare professionals to screen patients for intimate partner violence. Competence in assessing the needs of the patients appears to be a very significant factor that may affect rates of intimate partner violence disclosure.Relevance to clinical practiceKnowledge of appropriate domestic violence screening methods and factors affecting intimate partner violence screening in emergency can help nurses, and other healthcare professionals provide patient‐centred and effective care to victims of abuse attending emergency department.
Oral contraceptive therapy reduces serum relaxin‐2 in elite female athletes
Authors: Nose‐Ogura Sayaka , Yoshino Osamu , Yamada‐Nomoto Kaori , Nakamura Mariko , Harada Miyuki , Dohi Michiko , Okuwaki Toru , Osuga Yutaka , Kawahara Takashi , Saito Shigeru 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimRecent investigations have demonstrated that athletes with high relaxin‐2 levels have a high risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries, while athletes taking oral contraceptives (OC) have low relaxin‐2 levels. It has not yet been clarified whether taking OC reduces relaxin‐2 levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in relaxin‐2 levels in athletes taking OC.MethodsLevels of relaxin‐2, estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone were measured in serum samples (n = 183) from 106 elite female athletes. Five athletes with serum relaxin‐2 concentrations > 6 pg/mL during the luteal phase were recruited to assess the effect of OC therapy.ResultsSerum relaxin‐2 concentrations were significantly higher during the luteal phase (n = 57) than in the follicular phase (n = 72), or in athletes on OC therapy (n = 10) (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). In the luteal phase, 36.8% (21/57) of the athletes had relaxin levels > 6 pg/mL. In 23 athletes, serum relaxin‐2 concentrations were measured during both the follicular and luteal phases, revealing that relaxin‐2 levels were significantly higher in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase. In 5 out of 23 athletes, serum relaxin‐2 concentrations were > 6 pg/mL in the luteal phase and during the second cycle of OC therapy, relaxin‐2 concentrations decreased dramatically to below the detection limit (0.26 pg/mL).ConclusionsHigh serum relaxin‐2 concentrations were only detected during the luteal phase. In athletes with high relaxin‐2 concentrations during the luteal phase, OC therapy decreased serum relaxin‐2 levels.
Off‐Label Uses for Flow Diversion in Intracranial Aneurysm Management
Authors: Al‐Mufti Fawaz , Amuluru Krishna , Francisco Gomez , Dodson Vincent , El‐Ghanem Mohammad , Prestigiacomo Charles J. , Gandhi Chirag D. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTTreatment of complex aneurysms using microsurgical and other conventional neuroendovascular techniques remains challenging. As a result, stent‐ and balloon‐assisted coiling are instead performed to treat morphologically complex aneurysms, which include giant, wide‐necked, and fusiform aneurysms. While these techniques have had success in treating these complex aneurysms, recanalization rates associated with these techniques are still problematic. In the constant effort to improve the outcome of complex aneurysm treatment, flow‐diverting stents (FDSs) have emerged in recent years as the preferred treatment. Instead of directly obstructing the flow of blood into the aneurysmal sac, as is the case for stent‐ and balloon‐assisted coiling, FDSs are placed in the parent blood vessel to divert blood flow away from the aneurysm itself. Subsequent to the diverting away of blood from the aneurysm, a thrombotic cascade ensues that ultimately results in the closure of the aneurysm while the parent vessel's perforators are preserved. Current known risks for this procedure include vessel rupture or perforation, in‐stent thrombosis, perforator occlusion, procedural or delayed hemorrhages, and perianeurysmal edema. In this review, we will evaluate the mechanisms of actions, clinical applications, complications, and ongoing studies for FDSs.
Aggressiveness of Strains and Inoculation Methods for Resistance Assessment to Bacterial Halo Blight on Coffee Seedlings
Authors: Rodrigues Lucas M. R. , Almeida Irene M. G. , Patrício Flávia R. A. , Beriam Luís O. S. , Maciel Karen W. , Braghini Masako T. , Filho Oliveiro Guerreiro 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCharacterization of resistance response to pathogens is a fundamental strategy in plant breeding programmes. Thus, in this study, we developed an effective inoculation method for resistance tests of bacterial halo blight (BHB), caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae on coffee. Firstly, aggressiveness of eight selected bacterial strains as well as seven mixed strains was assessed on coffee seedlings of Mundo Novo IAC 376‐4 cultivar. Two experiments were conducted comparing three inoculation techniques: initially, we compare the methods of sprinkling and multiple needles on four cultivars of Coffea arabica; later, four cultivars and seven genotypes were compared for the multiple needles method and the abrasion technique. Severity was evaluated according a disease rating scale (DRS), considering either leaf surface area affected for sprinkling, or affected inoculated area for inoculation by multiple needles and abrasion. The area under the disease progress curve of disease (AUDPC) was calculated considering weekly evaluations of disease from seven until 42 days postinoculation (DPI). The standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV) and confidence interval (CI) variables were used to denote the effectiveness of the methods. According to the results, strain IBSBF 1197 was the most aggressive, and three other strains showed high aggressiveness. All inoculation methods were able to discriminate the resistance response to BHB, wherein the sprinkling method was less efficient than multiple needles and abrasion technique was more efficient than multiple needles. In addition, disease evaluations at 14 DPI showed a high correlation coefficient with area under AUDPC at 42 DPI, validating the early selection to BHB. Results of inoculation methods indicated the abrasion on first pair of leaves, together with evaluations on fourteenth DPI, as the most promising technique for early selection on coffee breeding to BHB.