bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Depressive Symptoms and Subsequent Risk of Stroke in the Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Gilsanz Paola , Kubzansky Laura D. , Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric J. , Wang Qianyi , Kawachi Ichiro , Patton Kristen K. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Kop Willem J. , Longstreth W.T. , Glymour M. Maria 
Published: December 2016

Background and Purpose—
Depression is associated with stroke, but the effects of changes in depressive symptoms on stroke risk are not well understood. This study examined whether depressive symptom changes across 2 successive annual assessments were associated with incident stroke the following year.

Methods—
We used visit data from 4319 participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study who were stroke free at baseline to examine whether changes in depressive symptoms classified across 2 consecutive annual assessments predicted incident first stroke during the subsequent year. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (high versus low at ≥10). Survival models were inverse probability weighted to adjust for demographics, health behaviors, medical conditions, past depressive symptoms, censoring, and survival.

Results—
During follow-up, 334 strokes occurred. Relative to stable low scores of depressive symptoms, improved depression symptoms were associated with almost no excess risk of stroke (adjusted hazards ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–1.58). New-onset symptoms were nonsignificantly associated with elevated stroke risk (adjusted hazards ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.97–2.14), whereas persistently high depressive symptoms were associated with elevated adjusted hazard of all-cause stroke (adjusted hazards ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–2.56). No evidence for effect modification by race, age, or sex was found.

Conclusions—
Persistently high symptoms of depression predicted elevated hazard of stroke. Participants with improved depressive symptoms had no elevation in stroke risk. Such findings suggest that strategies to reduce depressive symptoms may ameliorate stroke risk.
Frequency and Predictors of Dysphagia in Patients With Recent Small Subcortical Infarcts
Authors: Fandler Simon , Gattringer Thomas , Eppinger Sebastian , Doppelhofer Kathrin , Pinter Daniela , Niederkorn Kurt , Enzinger Christian , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Fazekas Franz 
Published: December 2016

Background and Purpose—
Detailed data on the occurrence of swallowing dysfunction in patients with recent small subcortical infarcts (RSSI) in the context of cerebral small vessel disease are lacking. This prompted us to assess the frequency of and risk factors for dysphagia in RSSI patients.

Methods—
We identified all inpatients with magnetic resonance imaging–confirmed RSSI between January 2008 and February 2013. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from our stroke database, and magnetic resonance imaging scans were reviewed for morphological changes. Dysphagia was determined according to the Gugging Swallowing Screen.

Results—

We identified 332 patients with RSSI (mean age, 67.7±11.9 years; 64.5% male). Overall, 83 patients (25%) had dysphagia, which was mild in 46 (55.4%), moderate in 26 (31.3%), and severe in 11 patients (13.3%). The rate of dysphagia in patients with supratentorial RSSI was 20%. Multivariate analysis identified a higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (
P
<0.001), pontine infarction (
P
<0.01), and more severe white matter hyperintensities (Fazekas grades 2 and 3,
P
=0.03) as risk factors for swallowing dysfunction.

Conclusions—
Dysphagia is present in a quarter of patients with RSSI and has to be expected especially in those with higher stroke severity, pontine infarction, and severe white matter hyperintensities.
Monsoon Gyres of the Northwest Pacific: Influences of ENSO, the MJO, and the Pacific–Japan Pattern
Authors: Molinari John , Vollaro David 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
An objective definition of monsoon gyres in the northwest Pacific was developed in order to construct a gyre climatology. Over a 31-yr period, 53 gyres were identified with a median formation location at 16.5°N, 135°E. More than 80% formed during July–September. More than half of gyres developed during El Niño periods at a median location 1200 km farther to the east-southeast than during La Niña. Cyclonic winds at 850 hPa extended across a diameter of more than 4000 km, with maximum tangential wind near the 1000-km radius. A precipitation maximum extended westward for several thousand kilometers south of the gyre. Typhoons were most common north and east of the gyre centers. More than 70% of gyres developed during large-amplitude MJO events, with a strong preference for Real-time Multivariate MJO (RMM) phases 5–7. In boreal summer these phases contain circulation and convective anomalies that coincide most closely with those of the climatological monsoon trough. Gyres are most likely to form when an active, large-amplitude MJO event superposes with the monsoon trough in the presence of high sea surface temperature. Gyres exhibited 850-hPa wind, height, and vorticity anomalies and surface latent heat flux anomalies that closely resembled the active Pacific–Japan pattern (PJP). This was especially true during La Niña, even though no attempt was made to isolate the PJP. It is hypothesized that an active MJO modulates gyre formation, and the gyres project onto the active phase of the PJP as they move westward.
Statistical–Dynamical Seasonal Forecast of Western North Pacific and East Asia Landfalling Tropical Cyclones using the GFDL FLOR Coupled Climate Model
Authors: Zhang Wei , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Villarini Gabriele , Murakami Hiroyuki , Gudgel Richard , Yang Xiaosong 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This study attempts to improve the prediction of western North Pacific (WNP) and East Asia (EA) landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) using modes of large-scale climate variability [e.g., the Pacific meridional mode (PMM), the Atlantic meridional mode (AMM), and North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (NASST)] as predictors in a hybrid statistical–dynamical scheme, based on dynamical model forecasts with the GFDL Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution version of CM2.5 with flux adjustments (FLOR-FA). Overall, the predictive skill of the hybrid model for the WNP TC frequency increases from lead month 5 (initialized in January) to lead month 0 (initialized in June) in terms of correlation coefficient and root-mean-square error (RMSE). The hybrid model outperforms FLOR-FA in predicting WNP TC frequency for all lead months. The predictive skill of the hybrid model improves as the forecast lead time decreases, with values of the correlation coefficient increasing from 0.56 for forecasts initialized in January to 0.69 in June. The hybrid models for landfalling TCs over the entire East Asian (EEA) coast and its three subregions [i.e., southern EA (SEA), middle EA (MEA), and northern EA (NEA)] dramatically outperform FLOR-FA. The correlation coefficient between predicted and observed TC landfall over SEA increases from 0.52 for forecasts initialized in January to 0.64 in June. The hybrid models substantially reduce the RMSE of landfalling TCs over SEA and EEA compared with FLOR-FA. This study suggests that the PMM and NASST/AMM can be used to improve statistical/hybrid forecast models for the frequencies of WNP or East Asia landfalling TCs.
The Consistent Behavior of Tropical Rain: Average Reflectivity Vertical Profiles Determined by Rain Top Height
Authors: Heiblum Reuven H. , Koren Ilan , Altaratz Orit , Kostinski Alexander B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSixteen years of Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (TRMM) reflectivity profile data are collected for oceanic, continental, and island tropical regions within the boreal winter intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). When sorted by the rain top height (RTH), a consistent behavior emerges where the average reflectivity profiles originating at different RTHs form non-overlapping manifolds in the height–reflectivity space, excluding the brightband regions for stratiform type profiles. Based on reflectivity slope (dBZ km−1) profile characteristics and physical considerations, the profiles are divided into three classes: 1) cold profiles, which originate above the −20°C isotherm height and display convergence to a single reflectivity slope profile independent of RTH; 2) warm profiles, which originate below the 0°C isotherm height and display strong reflectivity slope dependence on RTH, with slope values per RTH linearly decreasing with decreased height; and 3) mixed profiles, which originate at the layer located in between the lowest cold rain and highest warm rain profiles and show a gradual transition from cold profile to warm profile reflectivity slope behavior. Stratiform type profiles show similarity for all regions. It is shown that the typical tropical stratiform cold rain profile can be simply parameterized given the temperature profile. Convective type profiles present larger interregional differences. Their deviation from the typical stratiform cold rain profile is used as a measure for convective intensity, where continental and island regions show larger deviations compared to oceanic ones.
Discontinuation of dasatinib or nilotinib in chronic myeloid leukemia: interim analysis of the STOP 2G-TKI study
Authors: Rea Delphine , Nicolini Franck E. , Tulliez Michel , Guilhot François , Guilhot Joelle , Guerci-Bresler Agnès , Gardembas Martine , Coiteux Valérie , Guillerm Gaelle , Legros Laurence , Etienne Gabriel , Pignon Jean-Michel , Villemagne Bruno , Escoffre-Barbe Martine , Ianotto Jean-Christophe , Charbonnier Aude , Johnson-Ansah Hyacinthe , Noel Marie-Pierre , Rousselot Philippe , Mahon François-Xavier ,   for the France Intergroupe des Leucémies Myéloïdes Chroniques
Published: December 2016

Key Points
First-line or subsequent dasatinib or nilotinib can be safely stopped in CML patients with deep and long-lasting molecular responses. A suboptimal response or resistance prior to dasatinib or nilotinib is associated with significantly worse treatment-free remission.
PCAN: phenotype consensus analysis to support disease-gene association
Authors: Godard Patrice , Page Matthew 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Bridging genotype and phenotype is a fundamental biomedical challenge that underlies more effective target discovery and patient-tailored therapy. Approaches that can flexibly and intuitively, integrate known gene-phenotype associations in the context of molecular signaling networks are vital to effectively prioritize and biologically interpret genes underlying disease traits of interest.

Results
We describe Phenotype Consensus Analysis (PCAN); a method to assess the consensus semantic similarity of phenotypes in a candidate gene’s signaling neighborhood. We demonstrate that significant phenotype consensus (p < 0.05) is observable for ~67% of 4,549 OMIM disease-gene associations, using a combination of high quality String interactions + Metabase pathways and use Joubert Syndrome to demonstrate the ease with which a significant result can be interrogated to highlight discriminatory traits linked to mechanistically related genes.

Conclusions
We advocate phenotype consensus as an intuitive and versatile method to aid disease-gene association, which naturally lends itself to the mechanistic deconvolution of diverse phenotypes. We provide PCAN to the community as an R package (http://bioconductor.org/packages/PCAN/) to allow flexible configuration, extension and standalone use or integration to supplement existing gene prioritization workflows.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Melastoma malabathricum Linn attenuates complete freund’s adjuvant-induced chronic inflammation in Wistar rats via inflammation response
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Bhatt Prakash Chandra , Sharma Kalicharan , Rahman Mahfoozur , Patel Dinesh Kumar , Sethi Nikunj , Kumar Atul , Sachan Nikhil Kumar , Kaithwas Gaurav , Al-abbasi F. A. , Anwar Firoz , Verma Amita 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Natural products use for arthritis treatment is gaining importance in the medical worldt. Various studies reports medical importance of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. (MM) (Melastomataceae), also known as “putki,” has a broad range of health benefits, for its free radical scavenging constituents. The current investigation scrutinizes the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of MM against adjuvant-induced arthritis in experimental rats.

Methods
High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used for estimation of phytochemical-constituents present in the MM extract. Protective effect of MM extract in Wistar rats was estimated using CFA-induced model. The rats were divided into different groups with six rats in each group. All animals received oral administration of MM and indomethacin for 28 days. The body weight and arthritic score were scrutinized at regular intervals. At the end of experimental protocol, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were used for antioxidant, hematological parameters, pro-inflammatory and inflammatory mediator, respectively. Histopathological observation was used to evaluate the protective effect of MM extract.

Result & discussion
Current study confirmed the preventive effect of MM against adjuvant-induced paw edema, paw redness and arthritic progression. MM significantly (P < 0.001) modulated the oxidative stress parameters as well as hematological parameter induced by CFA. The result also altered the distorted level of proinflammatory mediators and inflammatory mediator, which further reinforce the implication of MM in CFA induced arthritis. Histological analyses of joints of rats showed a reduction in the synovial hyperplasia and mononuclear infiltration in the MM treated group which provides evidence for the antiarthritic effect of MM.

Conclusion
From above parameters our study states that the MM is capable of restraining the alteration produced via adjuvant-induced arthritis in aminals. The repressing effect of MM could be attributed, at least in part, to antioxidant, hematological and anti-inflammatory effect.

Graphical abstract
Figure Caption: Melastoma Malabathricum Linn Attenuates Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Chronic Inflammation in Wistar rats by Inflammation Response
Parameters associated with design effect of child anthropometry indicators in small-scale field surveys
Authors: Hulland Erin N. , Blanton Curtis J. , Leidman Eva Z. , Bilukha Oleg O. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Cluster surveys provide rapid but representative estimates of key nutrition indicators in humanitarian crises. For these surveys, an accurate estimate of the design effect is critical to calculate a sample size that achieves adequate precision with the minimum number of sampling units. This paper describes the variability in design effect for three key nutrition indicators measured in small-scale surveys and models the association of design effect with parameters hypothesized to explain this variability.

Methods
380 small-scale surveys from 28 countries conducted between 2006 and 2013 were analyzed. We calculated prevalence and design effect of wasting, underweight, and stunting for each survey as well as standard deviations of the underlying continuous Z-score distribution. Mean cluster size, survey location and year were recorded. To describe design effects, median and interquartile ranges were examined. Generalized linear regression models were run to identify potential predictors of design effect.

Results
Median design effect was under 2.00 for all three indicators; for wasting, the median was 1.35, the lowest among the indicators. Multivariable linear regression models suggest significant, positive associations of design effect and mean cluster size for all three indicators, and with prevalence of wasting and underweight, but not stunting. Standard deviation was positively associated with design effect for wasting but negatively associated for stunting. Survey region was significant in all three models.

Conclusions
This study supports the current field survey guidance recommending the use of 1.5 as a benchmark for design effect of wasting, but suggests this value may not be large enough for surveys with a primary objective of measuring stunting or underweight. The strong relationship between design effect and region in the models underscores the continued need to consider country- and locality-specific estimates when designing surveys. These models also provide empirical evidence of a positive relationship between design effect and both mean cluster size and prevalence, and introduces standard deviation of the underlying continuous variable (Z-scores) as a previously unexplored factor significantly associated with design effect. The magnitude and directionality of this association differed by indicator, underscoring the need for further investigation into the relationship between standard deviation and design effect.
Creating a driving profile for older adults using GPS devices and naturalistic driving methodology
Authors: Babulal Ganesh M. , Traub Cindy M. , Webb Mollie , Stout Sarah H. , Addison Aaron , Carr David B. , Ott Brian R. , Morris John C. , Roe Catherine M. 
Published: December 2016

Background/Objectives: Road tests and driving simulators are most commonly used in research studies and clinical evaluations of older drivers. Our objective was to describe the process and associated challenges in adapting an existing, commercial, off-the-shelf (COTS), in-vehicle device for naturalistic, longitudinal research to better understand daily driving behavior in older drivers. Design: The Azuga G2 Tracking DeviceTM was installed in each participant’s vehicle, and we collected data over 5 months (speed, latitude/longitude) every 30-seconds when the vehicle was driven. Setting: The Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine. Participants: Five individuals enrolled in a larger, longitudinal study assessing preclinical Alzheimer disease and driving performance. Participants were aged 65+ years and had normal cognition. Measurements: Spatial components included Primary Location(s), Driving Areas, Mean Centers and Unique Destinations. Temporal components included number of trips taken during different times of the day. Behavioral components included number of hard braking, speeding and sudden acceleration events. Methods: Individual 30-second observations, each comprising one breadcrumb, and trip-level data were collected and analyzed in R and ArcGIS. Results: Primary locations were confirmed to be 100% accurate when compared to known addresses. Based on the locations of the breadcrumbs, we were able to successfully identify frequently visited locations and general travel patterns. Based on the reported time from the breadcrumbs, we could assess number of trips driven in daylight vs. night. Data on additional events while driving allowed us to compute the number of adverse driving alerts over the course of the 5-month period. Conclusions: Compared to cameras and highly instrumented vehicle in other naturalistic studies, the compact COTS device was quickly installed and transmitted high volumes of data. Driving Profiles for older adults can be created and compared month-to-month or year-to-year, allowing researchers to identify changes in driving patterns that are unavailable in controlled conditions.
Insights into the phylogeny and evolutionary history of Calyceraceae
Authors: Denham Silvia S. , Zavala-Gallo Lucio , Johnson Leigh A. , Pozner Raúl E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCalyceraceae is a small family with six traditionally recognized genera and 47 species from southern South America. Most species grow along the Andes (of both Argentina and Chile) and in arid regions of the Patagonian steppe. This family belongs to the well‐supported MGCA clade within Asterales, which includes Menyanthaceae+Goodeniaceae+Calyceraceae+ Asteraceae. Calyceraceae is monophyletic and sister to Asteraceae, one of the five largest families of angiosperms. Although Calyceraceae is clearly distinct as a family, its genera are not, and taxonomic revisionary effort has confirmed the lack of sharp boundaries among genera. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of Calyceraceae with a broad taxon sampling (41 of 47 species), and with sequence data from multiple regions from the nuclear (ITS) and plastid genomes (ycg6‐psbM, psbM‐trnD, trnS‐trnG, trnH‐psbA, trnD‐trnT) using maximum parsimony and Bayesian approaches. We aimed at identifying monophylectic groups, their putative morphological synapomorphies and their geographical distribution; we also estimated divergence times and examined chromosomes numbers in an evolutionary context. We obtained well‐resolved and strongly supported phylogenies that show Calyceraceae to be divided into two major clades with geographically structured subclades within each. Our results indicate that an early split within Calyceraceae occurred about 27.4 Ma, probably related to differential changes in chromosome numbers, which allowed the two lineages to evolve in sympatry. We found that major natural subgroups diverged 15–12 Ma, following the Early‐Miocene South Andes construction stage. Finally, the diversification of the extant species is probably associated to Andean orogeny and climate changes in the last 5–4 Myr. We recovered Acicarpha as monophyletic, while the remaining traditionally recognized genera of Calyceraceae are para‐ or polyphyletic. Most species of Moschopis are included in the Glutinose group, but M. monocephala is more closely related to some Calycera species. Calycera is divided into two clades; the Calycera group and the Pilose group. All species of Nastanthus are placed in a well‐supported main group with species of Gamocarpha and Boopis. Gamocarpha could be monophyletic after exclusion of G. dentata and G. angustifolia, but is nested within Nastanthus and Boopis species. Boopis is clearly polyphyletic with its species distributed in all main groups.
PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY PROPERTIES OF THE DISPERSED FRACTION OF HYDRIDE OF TITANIUM
Authors: Ястребинская  , Yastrebinskaya Anna , Карнаухов  , Karnaukhov Aleksandr 
Published: December 2016

In operation physics and technology properties of ground fraction of hydride of titanium, for the purpose of creation, on its basis, radiation resistant material in the conditions of the long radiation and thermal loadings are probed.
As the initial material the fraction of hydride of titanium with the content of hydrogen up to 3,35% of masses was used., crushed to dispersibility of 10,7-6,6 microns. Thermogravimetric researches set oxidation of hydride of titanium in the course of heating with formation of rutile that leads to lowering of radiation protective properties of material. For saving radiation protective properties, molding of powdery hydride of titanium to monolithic material in case of different unit pressures is carried out. The optimum technological modes of molding of material are set and the structure of a surface of the received samples is probed. Material is recommended for receiving radiation and thermally resistant aggregate on the basis of the heavy flints filled with hydride of titanium which will be the additional binding agent allowing to provide to a ready aggregate firmness both to neutron and to a gamma to radiation.
Analysis of the effectiveness of the intermediate drive of the traction rope.
Authors: Реутов Александр , Reutov Aleksandr , Аверченков Владимир , Averchenkov Vladimir 
Published: December 2016

The construction and operation of the belt drive of the traction rope are considered. Formulas for calculating tractive force of the traction rope, the coefficient of efficiency of the mechanical part drive and the sliding speed of the rope for a belt are received.
It is shown that for enhance the coefficient of efficiency necessary to increase the rigidity of the belt, to reduce friction of the belt along the guide and belt tension. Belt drive of the traction rope should be used at places of small bends in areas of high tension of the rope.