bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental stress linked to consumption of maternally derived carotenoids in brown trout embryos (Salmo trutta)
Authors: Wilkins Laetitia G. E. , Marques da Cunha Lucas , Glauser Gaëtan , Vallat Armelle , Wedekind Claus 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe yellow, orange, or red colors of salmonid eggs are due to maternally derived carotenoids whose functions are not sufficiently understood yet. Here, we studied the significance of naturally acquired carotenoids as maternal environmental effects during embryo development in brown trout (Salmo trutta). We collected eggs from wild females, quantified their egg carotenoid content, fertilized them in vitro in full‐factorial breeding blocks to separate maternal from paternal effects, and raised 3,278 embryos singly at various stress conditions until hatching. We found significant sire effects that revealed additive genetic variance for embryo survival and hatching time. Dam effects were 5.4 times larger than these sire effects, indicating that maternal environmental effects play an important role in determining embryo stress tolerance. Of the eight pigment molecules that we targeted, only astaxanthin, zeaxanthin (that both affected egg redness), and lutein were detected above our confidence thresholds. No strong link could be observed between carotenoid content in unfertilized eggs and embryo mortality or hatching timing. However, the consumption of carotenoids during our stress treatment was negatively correlated to embryo survival among sib groups and explained about 14% of the maternal environmental variance. We conclude that maternally derived carotenoids play a role in the ability of embryos to cope with environmental stress, but that the initial susceptibility to the organic pollution was mainly determined by other factors.
Beyond predator satiation: Masting but also the effects of rainfall stochasticity on weevils drive acorn predation
Authors: Espelta Josep Maria , Arias‐LeClaire Harold , Fernández‐Martínez Marcos , Doblas‐Miranda Enrique , Muñoz Alberto , Bonal Raúl 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEscaping seed predation is a classic “economy of scale” hypotheses (predator satiation hypothesis, Psh) to explain the selection for the synchronous production of massive and nil seed crops (masting) in plants. The Psh postulates that predator satiation occurs through a combination of (1) “functional satiation,” as not all seeds can be consumed during a massive crop, and (2) “numerical satiation,” as predator populations collapse during poor crop years. Many studies advocate for the Psh, but few have investigated the importance of masting compared to other factors for the control of predation extent. Namely, environmental cues prompting masting could also determine predator's success and, ultimately, influence directly and independently seed predation intensity. We explored this question in Mediterranean oaks, as they exhibit strong masting behavior; acorns are heavily predated upon by weevils; and rainfall stochasticity drives masting and the emergence of adult weevils from the soil. Results of two mid‐term studies (4 and 11 yr) showed that acorn production and predation were highly variable across years, while the abundance of adult weevils was positively related to autumn rainfall and to the number of infested acorns the previous years. Ultimately, acorn predation was negatively influenced by inter‐annual fluctuation of seed production (masting) yet, mainly and positively, prompted by autumn rainfall and acorn crop size (only in one site). Our results highlight the relevance of masting to reduce seed predation. Yet evidences that rainfall stochasticity directly determines the success of weevils, and it independently influences seed predation extent, indicate that environmental cues prompting masting may also fine‐tune the output of this reproductive behavior. Additionally, local differences suggest that the relevance of masting may change with tree characteristics (low vs. high seed production) and landscape structure (isolated vs. dense forests). We also discuss what can be the effects of increasing drought in Mediterranean areas for this antagonistic interaction, triggered by rainfall.
Habitat models to predict wetland bird occupancy influenced by scale, anthropogenic disturbance, and imperfect detection
Authors: Glisson Wesley J. , Conway Courtney J. , Nadeau Christopher P. , Borgmann Kathi L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUnderstanding species–habitat relationships for endangered species is critical for their conservation. However, many studies have limited value for conservation because they fail to account for habitat associations at multiple spatial scales, anthropogenic variables, and imperfect detection. We addressed these three limitations by developing models for an endangered wetland bird, Yuma Ridgway's rail (Rallus obsoletus yumanensis), that examined how the spatial scale of environmental variables, inclusion of anthropogenic disturbance variables, and accounting for imperfect detection in validation data influenced model performance. These models identified associations between environmental variables and occupancy. We used bird survey and spatial environmental data at 2473 locations throughout the species' U.S. range to create and validate occupancy models and produce predictive maps of occupancy. We compared habitat‐based models at three spatial scales (100, 224, and 500 m radii buffers) with and without anthropogenic disturbance variables using validation data adjusted for imperfect detection and an unadjusted validation dataset that ignored imperfect detection. The inclusion of anthropogenic disturbance variables improved the performance of habitat models at all three spatial scales, and the 224‐m‐scale model performed best. All models exhibited greater predictive ability when imperfect detection was incorporated into validation data. Yuma Ridgway's rail occupancy was negatively associated with ephemeral and slow‐moving riverine features and high‐intensity anthropogenic development, and positively associated with emergent vegetation, agriculture, and low‐intensity development. Our modeling approach accounts for common limitations in modeling species–habitat relationships and creating predictive maps of occupancy probability and, therefore, provides a useful framework for other species.
Novel type of carbon‐centered antioxidants arylmethyl Meldrum's acids − inhibit free radicals
Authors: Mierina Inese , Jure Mara , Zeberga Sindija , Makareviciene Violeta , Zicane Daina , Tetere Zenta , Ravina Irisa 
Published: June 2017

Monosubstituted Meldrum's acids are found out as a new class of powerful antioxidants. These compounds act as carbon radical scavengers due to the presence of acidic hydrogen in the moiety of cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compound. The presence of phenol and benzylic moiety is favored, but these structural elements are not crucial for the antiradical activity in polar media. The antiradical and antioxidant activity of the substituted Meldrum's acids is not significantly affected by the substituents in the aromatic ring. The 5‐substituted 1,3‐dioxan‐4,6‐diones demonstrate high scavenging capacity of free radicals. The inhibition of DPPH and GO achieved even ∼100 and 80%, respectively. All substituted Meldrum's acids are better antioxidants than BHT, and activity of some of them even exceed vitamin C. It is found out that in polar media the compounds act via SPLET mechanism. Substituted Meldrum's acids turned out as powerful antioxidants for inhibition of oxidation processes of fatty acid alkyl esters, too. The oxidative stability of the last with the title compound additive was significantly higher than with BHT additive. It seems, that the antioxidant activity of the substituted Meldrum's acids in fatty acid esters is both due to benzylic position and 1,3‐dicarbonyl moiety.Practical applications: Arylmethyl Meldrum's acids should be highlighted as potential antioxidants for increasing oxidative stability of various products containing, for example, esters of poly‐unsaturated fatty acids. It should be admitted that the structure of the title compounds can be widely modified by substituents in the aromatic ring without remarkable loss of antioxidant and antiradical activity, but other properties (like solubility) may be improved. In order to apply the title antioxidants into products like cosmetics additional tests regarding toxicity are required. However, these antioxidants can be recommended for increasing oxidative stability for products used in technique.Monosubstituted Meldrum's acids act as carbon radical scavengers due to the presence of acidic hydrogen in the moiety of cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compound. The substituted Meldrum's acids demonstrate high scavenging capacity of free radicals DPPH and GO. These compounds turned out as powerful antioxidants for inhibition of oxidation processes of fatty acid alkyl esters. The antioxidant activity of the substituted Meldrum's acids in fatty acid esters is both due to benzylic position and 1,3‐dicarbonyl moiety. Few of the monosubstituted Meldrum's acids were better antioxidants than BHT, TBHQ, α‐tocopherol, or vitamin C.
Painful swelling after a noxious event and the development of complex regional pain syndrome 1: A one‐year prospective study
Authors: Brunner F. , Bachmann L.M. , Perez R.S.G.M. , Marinus J. , Wertli M.M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe timing of diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) 1 remains a challenge due to the large heterogeneity of clinical presentations. We describe the distribution and differences in outcomes and clinical manifestations between time points and patient groups with and without CRPS 1 following an initiating event.MethodsProspective cohort study with a consecutive registration of patients presenting with painful swelling of the affected extremity after an initiating event and follow‐up visits after 3, 6 and 12 months.ResultsForty‐two patients were enrolled (37 females, mean age 55.1 years). At baseline, 35 participants (83%, females n = 30) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for CRPS 1. At 3 months, 19 out of the initial 35 CRPS 1 patients (54%) did not meet the diagnostic criteria anymore. Besides our inclusion criteria of a painful swelling, early manifestations indicating a CRPS 1 primarily include an impaired quality of life (SF‐35, EQ5‐D), more pain (NRS, MPQ) and restricted range of motion.ConclusionsCRPS 1 develops within 8 weeks following a noxious event. Although many CRPS 1 patients reach partial remission within the first 3 months, signs and symptoms do not improve significantly at 1 year. In order to identify prognostic risk factors large prospective cohort studies are needed.SignificanceThis prospective cohort study follows patients with complaints most suspected for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) 1. CRPS 1 develops within 8 weeks following a noxious event. Although many CRPS 1 patients reach partial remission within the 3 months, symptoms do not improve significantly at 1 year.
Cortical and Trabecular Bone Microstructure Did Not Recover at Weight-Bearing Skeletal Sites and Progressively Deteriorated at Non-Weight-Bearing Sites During the Year Following International Space Station Missions
Authors: Vico Laurence , van Rietbergen Bert , Vilayphiou Nicolas , Linossier Marie-Thérèse , Locrelle Hervé , Normand Myriam , Zouch Mohamed , Gerbaix Maude , Bonnet Nicolas , Novikov Valery , Thomas Thierry , Vassilieva Galina 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT Risk for premature osteoporosis is a major health concern in astronauts and cosmonauts; the reversibility of the bone lost at the weight-bearing bone sites is not established, although it is suspected to take longer than the mission length. The bone three-dimensional structure and strength that could be uniquely affected by weightlessness is currently unknown. Our objective is to evaluate bone mass, microarchitecture, and strength of weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing bone in 13 cosmonauts before and for 12 months after a 4-month to 6-month sojourn in the International Space Station (ISS). Standard and advanced evaluations of trabecular and cortical parameters were performed using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. In particular, cortical analyses involved determination of the largest common volume of each successive individual scan to improve the precision of cortical porosity and density measurements. Bone resorption and formation serum markers, and markers reflecting osteocyte activity or periosteal metabolism (sclerostin, periostin) were evaluated. At the tibia, in addition to decreased bone mineral densities at cortical and trabecular compartments, a 4% decrease in cortical thickness and a 15% increase in cortical porosity were observed at landing. Cortical size and density subsequently recovered and serum periostin changes were associated with cortical recovery during the year after landing. However, tibial cortical porosity or trabecular bone failed to recover, resulting in compromised strength. The radius, preserved at landing, unexpectedly developed postflight fragility, from 3 months post-landing onward, particularly in its cortical structure. Remodeling markers, uncoupled in favor of bone resorption at landing, returned to preflight values within 6 months, then declined farther to lower than preflight values. Our findings highlight the need for specific protective measures not only during, but also after spaceflight, because of continuing uncertainties regarding skeletal recovery long after landing. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Explosive and maximal strength before and 6 months after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Friesenbichler Bernd , Casartelli Nicola C. , Wellauer Vanessa , Item‐Glatthorn Julia F. , Ferguson Stephen J. , Leunig Michael , Maffiuletti Nicola A. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTPatients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis experience impairments in lower limb muscle function due to pain and disuse of the affected limb. The influence of hip osteoarthritis and subsequent total hip arthroplasty (THA) has mostly been evaluated by maximal strength tests, yet the functionally important explosive strength capabilities of hip and knee muscles are largely unknown. We aimed to evaluate hip and knee explosive and maximal strength in hip osteoarthritis patients before and after THA. Twenty‐one patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis were evaluated before and 6 months after THA. They performed rapid maximal contractions of hip (flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor) and knee (flexor, extensor) muscles, from which explosive and maximal strength asymmetries were evaluated (involved versus uninvolved limb). Before THA, the involved limb showed significantly lower hip flexor, extensor, adductor, and knee extensor explosive and maximal strength compared to the uninvolved limb. Six months after THA surgery, hip flexor, extensor and adductor maximal and explosive strength asymmetries persisted, except for knee extensors. Explosive, but not maximal strength of hip abductors and knee extensors was lower in the involved limb before surgery and the reduced explosive strength capabilities may compromise daily living activities in hip osteoarthritis patients. After hip replacement, explosive strength asymmetries of knee extensors resolved, yet lingering asymmetries in hip flexor muscles should receive focused attention during postoperative rehabilitation. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:425–431, 2018.
Evaluation of the extent of initial Maillard reaction during cooking some vegetables by direct measurement of the Amadori compounds
Authors: Yu Jiahao , Zhang Shuqin , Zhang Lianfu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDDuring vegetable cooking, one of the most notable and common chemical reactions is the Maillard reaction, which occurs as a result of thermal treatment and dehydration. Amadori compound determination provides a very sensitive indicator for early detection of quality changes caused by the Maillard reaction, as well as to retrospectively assess the heat treatment or storage conditions to which the product has been subjected. In this paper, a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the analysis of eight Amadori compounds, and the initial steps of the Maillard reaction during cooking (steaming, frying and baking) bell pepper, red pepper, yellow onion, purple onion, tomato and carrot were also assessed by quantitative determination of these Amadori compounds.RESULTSThese culinary treatments reduced moisture and increased the total content of Amadori compounds, which was not dependent on the type of vegetable or cooking method. Moreover, the effect of steaming on Amadori compound content and water loss was less than that by baking and frying vegetables. Further studies showed that the combination of high temperature and short time may lead to lower formation of Amadori compounds when baking vegetables.CONCLUSIONCulinary methods differently affected the extent of initial Maillard reaction when vegetables were made into home‐cooked products. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) and protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) in oat protein concentrate measured in 20‐ to 30‐kilogram pigs
Authors: Abelilla Jerubella J , Liu Yanhong , Stein Hans H 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDOat protein concentrate is often used in human food, but the quality of this protein has not been characterized. Therefore, the objectives of this experiment were to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in oat protein concentrate and to determine differences in protein quality estimates between the protein digestibility‐corrected AA score (PDCAAS) and the digestible indispensable AA score (DIAAS) when using growing pigs for both measurements.RESULTSFor infants, the most limiting AA in oat protein concentrate was the aromatic AA (Phe + Tyr), for which the DIAAS value was 41 and the PDCAAS was 43. For children (6 months to 3 years) and children older than 3 years, the most limiting AA in oat protein concentrate was Lys, for which the DIAAS was 56 and 67 and the PDCAAS was 58 and 69, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe DIAAS value for oat protein concentrate was close to the calculated value for PDCAAS, but below the recommended intake for protein. Therefore, to satisfy the daily human AA requirement, oat protein needs to be complemented by other proteins of higher quality and specifically with greater lysine concentrations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Brazilian Capsicum peppers: capsaicinoid content and antioxidant activity
Authors: Bogusz Stanislau , Libardi Silvia H , Dias Fernanda FG , Coutinho Janclei P , Bochi Vivian C , Rodrigues Daniele , Melo Arlete MT , Godoy Helena T 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDCapsicum peppers are known as a source of capsaicinoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidants. Brazilian Capsicum peppers are important spices used in foods worldwide. However, little information is available on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of these peppers.RESULTSCapsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were investigated in extracts of three Brazilian peppers: Capsicum frutescens, C. chinense and C. baccatum var. pendulum, in two different harvest years and at two ripening stages. The bioactive compound content was dependent on harvest year, and changes in the concentration profiles were found for capsaicin. Mature fruits of C. chinense harvested in the first year had the highest capsaicin concentration (2.04 mg g−1 fresh pepper), and mature fruits of C. frutescens harvested in the same first year had the highest dihydrocapsaicin content (0.95 mg g−1 fresh pepper). Mature fruits of C. frutescens harvested in the first year showed the major total phenolic compound content (2.46 mg g−1 fresh pepper). The total phenolic compound content was directly related to antioxidant activity.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that phenolic compounds significantly contribute to the antioxidant activity of the investigated peppers. Also, these data add valued novel information that enhances current knowledge of Brazilian pepper fruits. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
47‐2: Invited Paper: The “TRUE VALUE” of Flexible OLED ‐ One and Only Design and Experience
Authors: Nagata Agato , Mitsui Sei , Iwamatsu Naoaki , Suzuki Aran , Kubota Reona , Hiraga Akiko , Yamamoto Natsuki , Takemoto Natsuki , Tsujimura Takatoshi 
Published: June 2017

A Flexible OLED is a surface‐emitting light source that is thin, lightweight, and flexible. In spite of unique characteristics, there have been challenges in market development. In order to broaden the market, it is necessary to make clear the TRUE VALUE that only Flexible OLED can provide.At the origin of the TRUE VALUE is the Core value, which is “uniform surface‐emitting light in extremely thin installation spaces”. The Core value is made stronger by combining the three Boosters which is “Weight reduction”, “Twilight control”, and “Heatless touch”.This TRUE VALUE can be visualized in a triangular diagram. Core value is at the center and surrounded by Boosters. The number of Boosters will be increased with technology. The world of product design will largely change according to next Booster “Invisible magic” established by transparency technologies.
55‐2: On the Complexities of Metrology for HDR Displays
Authors: Miseli Joe , Spears Stacey , Pruitt Tyler 
Published: June 2017

HDR displays pose new challenges to the field of display metrology. For displays in the past we could use full‐screen and other traditional test patterns to measure display characteristics with few difficulties. Display measurement standards from the ICDM, FPDM, ISO, IEC, etc., defined what was needed and provided procedures on how to do the measurements consistently and accurately for all displays.With modern displays, things have changed and the metrology has become much more complex. HDR displays are systems with various operational modes and many adjustments that preprocess the signal before it is ever is written to the display. There are also also auto‐configured modes induced by reading and interpreting metadata in the header information of the source HDR content to tell the display how to reproduce it properly (or not) for the specialized HDR modes. This introduces extra layers of complexity never before seen in display evaluation.Here we examine and begin to unravel some of the layers that constitute this complexity of HDR displays and show steps to understand them and work toward developing display measurement standards for metrology for HDR displays in the ICDM.
64‐1: Modeling the Mechanical Performance of a Foldable Display Panel Bonded by 3M Optically Clear Adhesives
Authors: Salmon Fay , Everaerts Albert , Campbell Chris , Pennington Brian , Erdogan-Haug Belma , Caldwell Gregg 
Published: June 2017

Among the multiple design goals for foldable displays to perform under repeated folding and unfolding is to reduce bending stress and various failure modes induced by bending of the film stack. In this work, we demonstrate, through modeling the folding of simplified display film stacks, that the optically clear adhesives (OCA) in a display can be leveraged not only to provide a secure bond between the functional layers, but also to improve the overall folding performance and mechanical durability of the display.Specifically, we discuss these OCA advantages through three topics commonly encountered in designing a flexible display:• reducing the bending stresses by neutral plane management,• facilitating large shear strains between layers to reduce shear coupling between the layers,• improving buckling resistance.