bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial variability of extreme river flow quantiles in the Upper Vistula River basin, Poland
Authors: Rutkowska Agnieszka , Willems Patrick , Onyutha Charles , Młocek Wojciech 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTemporal and spatial variability in extreme quantile anomalies of seasonal and annual maximum river flows was studied for 41 gauging stations at rivers in the Upper Vistula River basin, Poland. Using the quantile perturbation method, the temporal variability in anomalies was analysed. Interdecadal oscillating components were extracted from the series of anomalies using the Hilbert‐Huang transform method. Period length, part of variance of each component, and part of unexplained variance were assessed. Results show an oscillating pattern in the temporal occurrence of extreme flow quantiles with clusters of high values in the 1960–1970s and since the late 1990s and of low values in the 1980s and at the beginning of the 1990s. The anomalies show a high variability on the right bank of the Upper Vistula River basin during the summer season with the highest values in catchments located in the western and south‐western parts of the basin. River flow extreme quantiles were found to be associated with large‐scale climatic variables from the regions of the North Atlantic Ocean, Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, Asia, and, to a lesser extent, the Pacific Ocean. Similarities between temporal variability of river flows and climatic factors were revealed. Results of the study are important for flood frequency analysis because a long observation period is necessary to capture clusters of high and low river flows.
Computational anatomy of the dens axis evaluated by quantitative computed tomography: Implications for anterior screw fixation
Authors: Gehweiler Dominic , Wähnert Dirk , Meier Norbert , Spruit Maarten , Raschke Michael Johannes , Richards Robert Geoff , Noser Hansrudi , Kamer Lukas 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe surgical fracture fixation of the odontoid process (dens) of the second cervical vertebra (C2/axis) is a challenging procedure, particularly in elderly patients affected by bone loss, and includes screw positioning close to vital structures. The aim of this study was to provide an extended anatomical knowledge of C2, the bone mass distribution and bone loss, and to understand the implications for anterior screw fixation. One hundred and twenty standard clinical quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans of the intact cervical spine from 60 female and 60 male European patients, aged 18–90 years, were used to compute a three‐dimensional statistical model and an averaged bone mass model of C2. Shape and size variability was assessed via principal component analysis (PCA), bone mass distribution by thresholding and via virtual core drilling, and the screw placement via virtual positioning of screw templates. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a highly variable anatomy of the dens with size as the predominant variation according to the first principal component (PC) whereas shape changes were primarily described by the remaining PCs. The bone mass distribution demonstrated a characteristic 3D pattern, and remained unchanged in the presence of bone loss. Virtual screw positioning of two 3.5 mm dens screws with a 1 mm safety zone was possible in 81.7% in a standard, parallel position and in additional 15.8% in a twisted position. The approach permitted a more detailed anatomical assessment of the dens axis. Combined with a preoperative QCT it may further improve the diagnostic procedure of odontoid fractures. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2154–2163, 2017.
Elimination of the Crystallinity of Long Polyethylene Oxide‐Based Copolymers for Gas Separation Membranes by Using Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Marcos‐Fernández Angel , Adem Esbaide , Hernández‐Sampelayo Alejandra Rubio , Báez Jose E. , Palacio Laura , Prádanos Pedro , Tena Alberto , Hernández Antonio 
Published: January 2017

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based polymers containing long PEO chains are one of the best materials for postcombustion processes, attending to their separation properties. Optimal conditions for the application of the membrane separation module are immediately after elimination of water vapor, NO
x
, SO2, and dust particles, where the temperature of the gas is between 25 and 40 °C. Materials with high contents and longer length of PEO are the ideal candidates for the application in terms of properties. Unfortunately, these materials are normally not applicable due to, at these temperatures, the high crystallinity of PEO chains, which leads to poor gas separation properties. Here, by electron beam irradiation, it has been possible to eliminate or substantially reduce the crystallinity of poly(ether‐imide)s with high PEO content, which is confirmed by the positive effect in the separation properties. Optimal dosage to eliminate the crystallinity and to maximize permeability has been investigated.
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Low dose of caffeine enhances the efficacy of antidepressants in major depressive disorder and the underlying neural substrates
Authors: Liu Qing‐Shan , Deng Ran , Fan Yuyan , Li Keqin , Meng Fangang , Li Xueli , Liu Rui 
Published: January 2017

ScopeCaffeine is one of the most frequently used psychoactive substances ingested mainly via beverage or food products. Major depressive disorder is a serious and devastating psychiatric disorder. Emerging evidence indicates that caffeine enhances the antidepressant‐like activity of common antidepressant drugs in rodents. However, whether joint administration of low dose of caffeine enhances the antidepressant actions in depressed patients remains unclear.Methods and resultsA total of 95 male inpatients were assigned to three groups and were asked to take either caffeine (60, 120 mg) or placebo (soymilk powder) daily for 4 wk on the basis of their current antidepressant medications. Results showed that chronic supplementation with low dose of caffeine (60 mg) produced rapid antidepressant action by reduction of depressive scores. Furthermore, low dose of caffeine improved cognitive performance in depressed patients. However, caffeine did not affect sleep as measured by overnight polysomnography. Moreover, chronic caffeine consumption elicited inhibition of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activation by normalization of salivary cortisol induced by Trier social stress test.ConclusionsThese findings indicated the potential benefits of further implications of supplementary administration of caffeine to reverse the development of depression and enhance the outcome of antidepressants treatment in major depressive disorder.
Sensitivity distribution simulations of surface electrode configurations for electrical impedance myography
Authors: Rutkove Seward B. , Pacheck Adam , Sanchez Benjamin 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionSurface‐based electrical impedance myography (EIM) is sensitive to muscle condition in neuromuscular disorders. However, the specific contribution of muscle to the obtained EIM values is unknown.MethodsWe combined theory and the finite element method to calculate the electrical current distribution in a 3‐dimensional model using different electrode array designs and subcutaneous fat thicknesses (SFTs). Through a sensitivity analysis, we decoupled the contribution of muscle from other surrounding tissues in the measured surface impedance values.ResultsThe contribution of muscle to surface EIM values varied greatly depending on the electrode array size and the SFT. For example, the contribution of muscle with 6‐mm SFT was 8% for a small array compared with 32% for a large array.ConclusionsThe approach presented can be employed to inform the design of robust EIM electrode configurations that maximize the contribution of muscle across the disease and injury spectrum. Muscle Nerve 56: 887–895, 2017
Insights into the interaction of high potency inhibitor IRC‐083864 with phosphatase CDC25
Authors: Sarkis Manal , Miteva Maria A. , Dasso Lang Maria Chiara , Jaouen Maryse , Sari Marie‐Agnès , Galcéra Marie‐Odile , Ethève‐Quelquejeu Mélanie , Garbay Christiane , Bertho Gildas , Braud Emmanuelle 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTCDC25 phosphatases play a crucial role in cell cycle regulation. They have been found to be over‐expressed in various human tumours and to be valuable targets for cancer treatment. Here, we report the first model of binding of the most potent CDC25 inhibitor to date, the bis‐quinone IRC‐083864, into CDC25B obtained by combining molecular modeling and NMR studies. Our study provides new insights into key interactions of the catalytic site inhibitor and CDC25B in the absence of any available experimental structure of CDC25 with a bound catalytic site inhibitor. The docking model reveals that IRC‐083864 occupies both the active site and the inhibitor binding pocket of the CDC25B catalytic domain. NMR saturation transfer difference and WaterLOGSY data indicate the binding zones of the inhibitor and support the docking model. Probing interactions of analogues of the two quinone units of IRC‐083864 with CDC25B demonstrate that IRC‐083864 competes with each monomer. Proteins 2017; 85:593–601. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Taxonomic distribution, repeats, and functions of the S1 domain‐containing proteins as members of the OB‐fold family
Authors: Deryusheva Evgeniia I. , Machulin Andrey V. , Selivanova Olga M. , Galzitskaya Oxana V. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTProteins of the nucleic acid‐binding proteins superfamily perform such functions as processing, transport, storage, stretching, translation, and degradation of RNA. It is one of the 16 superfamilies containing the OB‐fold in protein structures. Here, we have analyzed the superfamily of nucleic acid‐binding proteins (the number of sequences exceeds 200,000) and obtained that this superfamily prevalently consists of proteins containing the cold shock DNA‐binding domain (ca. 131,000 protein sequences). Proteins containing the S1 domain compose 57% from the cold shock DNA‐binding domain family. Furthermore, we have found that the S1 domain was identified mainly in the bacterial proteins (ca. 83%) compared to the eukaryotic and archaeal proteins, which are available in the UniProt database. We have found that the number of multiple repeats of S1 domain in the S1 domain‐containing proteins depends on the taxonomic affiliation. All archaeal proteins contain one copy of the S1 domain, while the number of repeats in the eukaryotic proteins varies between 1 and 15 and correlates with the protein size. In the bacterial proteins, the number of repeats is no more than 6, regardless of the protein size. The large variation of the repeat number of S1 domain as one of the structural variants of the OB‐fold is a distinctive feature of S1 domain‐containing proteins. Proteins from the other families and superfamilies have either one OB‐fold or change slightly the repeat numbers. On the whole, it can be supposed that the repeat number is a vital for multifunctional activity of the S1 domain‐containing proteins. Proteins 2017; 85:602–613. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics of bridge helix bending in RNA polymerase II
Authors: Wang Zhan‐Feng , Fu Yi‐Ben , Wang Peng‐Ye , Xie Ping 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTOne of critical issues for RNA polymerase is how the enzyme translocates along the DNA substrate during transcription elongation cycle. Comparisons of the structure of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) with that of bacterial enzyme have suggested that the transition of the bridge helix (BH) from straight to flipped‐out conformations facilitates the translocation of upstream DNA‐RNA hybrid. However, the flipped‐out conformation of BH in Pol II has not been observed up to now and the detailed mechanism of how the BH facilitating upstream hybrid translocation still remains obscure. Here we use all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations to study the transition dynamics of BH in Pol II. Two different flipped‐out conformations (termed as F1 and F2) are derived from our simulation trajectories, both of which could contribute to upstream hybrid translocation. In particular, the structure of BH in F2 conformation shows nearly identical to that observed in free bacterial enzyme, showing the existence of the flipped‐out conformation in Pol II. Analysis of hydrogen bonds and salt bridge formed intra BH in different conformations indicates that the flipped‐out conformations are more unstable than the straight conformation. Moreover, a detailed understanding of how the transition of BH conformations facilitating upstream hybrid translocation is given. Proteins 2017; 85:614–629. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Azobenzene: A Photoactive Building Block for Supramolecular Architectures
Authors: Baroncini Massimo , Bergamini Giacomo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe development of nanoscale systems capable to perform specific functions under external control is a challenging task and a fascinating objective in Chemistry. Photochromic compounds undergo radical changes in their physico‐chemical properties upon light excitation, for this reason they are valuable building blocks for the construction of photo‐controllable molecular devices, machines and materials. TheE–Zphotoisomerization of azobenzene has been known for almost 80 years and – owing to its high efficiency and excellent reversibility – has been widely employed to introduce an element of photo‐control in a large variety of compounds, biomolecules, nanosystems and materials. Here we present some of our research results highlighting how this outstanding photochrome can be utilized to develop systems with light‐induced functionalities.
Daily evolution in dust and black carbon content, snow grain size, and snow albedo during snowmelt, Rocky Mountains, Colorado
Authors: SKILES S. McKENZIE , PAINTER THOMAS 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTLight absorbing impurities (LAI) initiate powerful snow albedo feedbacks, yet due to a scarcity of observations and measurements, LAI radiative forcing is often neglected or poorly constrained in climate and hydrological models. To support physically-based modeling of LAI processes, daily measurements of dust and black carbon (BC) stratigraphy, optical grain size, snow density and spectral albedo were collected over the 2013 ablation season in the Rocky Mountains, CO. Surface impurity concentrations exhibited a wide range of values (0.02–6.0 mg g−1pptw) with 98% of mass being deposited by three episodic dust events in April. Even minor dust loading initiated albedo decline, and the negative relationship between dust concentrations and albedo was log-linear. As melt progressed, individual dust layers coalesced and emerged at the snow surface, with minimal mass loss to meltwater scavenging. The observations show that the convergence of dust layers at the surface reduced albedo to 0.3 and snow depth declined ~50% faster than other years with similar depth but less dust. The rapid melt led to an unexpected reduction in both grain size and density in uppermost surface layers. BC concentrations co-varied with dust concentrations but were several orders of magnitude lower (<1–20 ppb).
Broadening the Scope of Bone Anvils: Direct AMS14C Dating from the Island of Menorca (Western Mediterranean)
Authors: Valenzuela Alejandro , Cau Miguel Ángel , León María José 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article presents the results of direct accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating of a new bone anvil retrieved in the Iron Age–Roman site of Montefí (Ciutadella), in the southwest of the island of Menorca (western Mediterranean). The radiometric date confirms the chronology obtained through the stratigraphy and typological analysis of ceramics (1st–3rd century AD), and indicates that this bone-made tool not only represents the first archaeological anvil from the island but also constitutes the earliest evidence in the western Mediterranean. This ancient date is more consistent with the known eastern regional chronology and reinforces the importance of obtaining direct AMS14C dates to refine artifact chronologies.
Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom duration and remission in relation to cardiovascular disease risk among a large cohort of women
Authors: Gilsanz P. , Winning A. , Koenen K. C. , Roberts A. L. , Sumner J. A. , Chen Q. , Glymour M. M. , Rimm E. B. , Kubzansky L. D. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundPrior studies suggest that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but effects of duration and remission of PTSD symptoms have rarely been evaluated.MethodWe examined the association of time-updated PTSD symptom severity, remission and duration with incident CVD risk (552 confirmed myocardial infarctions or strokes) over 20 years in 49 859 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Among women who reported trauma on the Brief Trauma Questionnaire, PTSD symptoms, assessed by a screener, were classified by symptom severity and chronicity: (a) no symptoms, (b) 1–3 ongoing, (c) 4–5 ongoing, (d) 6–7 ongoing, (e) 1–3 remitted, (f) 4–7 remitted symptoms. Inverse probability weighting was used to estimate marginal structural logistic regression models, adjusting for time-varying and time-invariant confounders.ResultsCompared with women with no trauma exposure, women with trauma/no PTSD [odds ratio (OR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.65] and women with trauma/6–7 symptoms (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.08–2.63) had elevated risk of CVD; women with remitted symptoms did not have elevated CVD risk. Among women exposed to trauma, every 5 additional years of PTSD symptomology was associated with 9% higher CVD incidence compared with women with trauma/no PTSD.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that alleviating PTSD symptoms shortly after onset may attenuate CVD risk.
The Environmental Production of Disability for Seniors with Age-Related Vision Loss
Authors: McGrath Colleen , Laliberte Rudman Debbie , Spafford Marlee , Trentham Barry , Polgar Jan 
Published: January 2017

RÉSUMÉÀ ce jour, l’attention portée aux causes environnementales d’infirmité parmi les personnes âgées ayant une perte de vision liée à l’âge a été limitée. Cette étude ethnographique critique visait à révéler les façons dont les barrières environnementales ont produit ou perpétué l’invalidité chez 10 personnes âgées atteintes de PVLA. Une version modifiée de l’approche en cinq étapes de l’ethnographie critique de Carspecken a été adoptée en utilisant trois méthodes de collecte de données, notamment une entrevue narrative, une séance d’observation participante et une entrevue semi-structurée en profondeur. Les résultats ont révélé comment l’invalidité est façonnée pour les personnes âgées avec PVLA quand ils rencontrent des caractéristiques environnementales intégrées d’une société ageiste et invalidante. Ces résultats sont illustrés par la présentation d’analyses de trois activités couramment discutées: faire de shopping, manger et déplacement dans la communauté. Notre discussion suggère que la prise en compte de la production environnementale de l’infirmité nécessite une politique sociale inclusive, le plaidoyer et un accent sur l’éducation afin de développer et de maintenir des environnements favorables au vieillissement et à la faible vision.
Reconciling Tensions: Needing Formal and Family/Friend Care but Feeling like a Burden
Authors: Barken Rachel 
Published: January 2017

RÉSUMÉDans le cadre d’une politique néolibérale qui transfère la responsabilité pour la santé et le bien-être de l’État aux familles et aux individus, les stratégies canadiennes pour soins à domicile ont tendance à présenter les membres de la famille comme « partners in care ». En s’appuyant sur une étude interprétative fondée sur une théorie qui comprenait 34 entrevues qualitatives, cet article examine les expériences des personnes âgées aux intersections des soins à domicile formels et arrangements pour les soins dispensés par la famille et les amis, dans le contexte de politiques mettant l’accent sur les partenariats avec les familles. Le concept fondamental tiré des entrevues était de concilier les tensions entre le besoin de soins et le souci de surcharger les autres, dans le contexte des soins à domicile et communautaires disponibles. Quatre processus sont identifiés, qui illustrent la façon dont l’accès aux ressources financières et sociales peut conduire à des opportunités et des contraintes dans l’expérience de soins. Les résultats mettent en évidence les défis émotionnels et pratiques que les personnes âgées peuvent rencontrer vis-à-vis le discours encourageant les familles à assumer la responsabilité des soins. Les implications pour la politique et la pratique sont discutées.
Attentional retraining and cognitive biases in a regular cannabis smoking student population
Authors: Wolf P. Andrea , Salemink Elske , Wiers Reinout W. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Aim Repeated drug use can lead to attentional bias and approach tendencies, which are thought to play an important role in problematic substance use and dependence. The aims of the current study were to 1) test an attentional retraining procedure in a sample of moderate and heavy cannabis using students and 2) compare baseline attentional and approach bias between the two groups with different implicit measures. Design and participants Attentional bias scores toward cannabis-related or neutral stimuli were determined with modified versions of the Visual Probe Task and the cannabis Stroop task. Approach and avoidance action tendencies toward cannabis-related and neutral stimuli were assessed with the cannabis Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) and the Stimulus Response Compatibility task (SRC). Seventeen participants were assigned randomly to five sessions of an attentional retraining procedure or control training. Results Attentional retraining did not decrease the speeded detection of cannabis stimuli and the difficulty to disengage from those stimuli, no trainingseffects were revealed. Moderate cannabis users did not show an attentional bias for cannabis-related cues (measured with the cannabis Stroop task), whereas heavy cannabis users did show an attentional bias for cannabis-related stimuli that cannot be attributed to cognitive control deficits on the classical Stroop task. Moreover, heavy cannabis users, but not moderate users, were significant faster to approach cannabis images compared to neutral images, using the SRC task. Conclusion Seen the observed difference in cognitive biases towards cannabis stimuli between moderate and heavy cannabis users, this study supports the allegation that cognitive biases towards cannabis stimuli may be an important marker of problematic cannabis use.