bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Pre-encoding Activation of Neural Patterns Predicts Memory
Authors: Sadeh Talya , Chen Janice , Goshen-Gottstein Yonatan , Moscovitch Morris 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt is well-established that whether information will be remembered or not depends on the extent to which the learning context is reinstated during post-encoding rest and/or at retrieval. It has yet to be determined, however, if the fundamental importance of reinstatement to memory extends to periods of spontaneous neurocognitive activity prior to learning. We thus asked whether memory performance can be predicted by the extent to which spontaneous pre-encoding neural patterns resemble patterns elicited during encoding. Individuals studied and retrieved lists of words while undergoing fMRI-scanning. Multivoxel hippocampal patterns during resting periods prior to encoding resembled hippocampal patterns at encoding most strongly for items that were subsequently remembered. Furthermore, across subjects, the magnitude of similarity correlated with a behavioural measure of episodic recall. The results indicate that the neural scaffold of a memory trace is spontaneously laid even before ever perceiving the to-be-encoded information.Significance StatementIt is well-established that memory performance depends on the degree to which the learning-context is reinstated during post-learning rest or during retrieval. However, does memory also depend on the context prior to learning—namely, on processes occurring spontaneously before ever perceiving the to-be-learned information? To answer this question, we scanned participants using fMRI while they were learning and recalling word-lists and, crucially, also during resting periods before each list. Patterns of brain activity in memory-related regions which were elicited spontaneously during these resting periods resembled patterns during learning. Furthermore, the greater this resemblance, the better was memory performance. We demonstrate that memory can be predicted by the degree to which patterns of neural activity prior to learning are reinstated during learning.
Automated detection of bacterial growth on 96-well plates for high-throughput drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Fowler Philip W. , Gibertoni Cruz Ana Luíza , Hoosdally Sarah J. , Jarrett Lisa , Borroni Emanuele , Chiacchiaretta Matteo , Rathod Priti , Walker Timothy M. , Robinson Esther , Peto Timothy E. A. , Maria Cirillo Daniela , Smith E. Grace , Crook Derrick W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractM. tuberculosis grows slowly and is challenging to work with experimentally compared with many other bacteria. Although microtitre plates have the potential to enable high-throughput phenotypic testing of M. tuberculosis, they can be difficult to read and interpret. Here we present a software package, the Automated Mycobacterial Growth Detection Algorithm (AMyGDA), that measures how much M. tuberculosis is growing in each well of a 96-well microtitre plate. The plate used here has serial dilutions of 14 anti-tuberculosis drugs, thereby permitting the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to be elucidated. The two participating laboratories each inoculated ten 96-well plates with the standard H37Rv reference strain and, after two weeks incubation, measured the MICs for all 14 drugs on each plate and took a photograph. By analysing the images, we demonstrate that AMyGDA is reproducible, and that the MICs measured are comparable to those measured by a laboratory scientist. AMyGDA software will be used by the Comprehensive Resistance Prediction for Tuberculosis: an International Consortium (CRyPTIC) to measure the drug susceptibility profile of a large number (> 30,000) of samples of M. tuberculosis from patients over the next few years.
Grafting or Pruning in the Animal Tree: Lateral Gene Transfer and Gene Loss?
Authors: Dunning Hotopp Julie C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLateral gene transfer (LGT) into multicellular eukaryotes with differentiated tissues, particularly gonads, continues to be met with skepticism by many prominent evolutionary and genomic biologists. A detailed examination of 26 animal genomes identifed putative LGTs in invertebrate and vertebrate genomes, concluding that there are fewer predicted LGTs in vertebrates/chordates than invertebrates, but there is still evidence of LGT into chordates, including humans. More recently, a reanalysis a subset of these putative LGTs into vertebrates concluded that there is not horizontal gene transfer in the human genome. One of the genes in dispute is an N-acyl-aromatic-L-amino acid amidohydrolase (ENSG00000132744), which encodes ACY3, which was initially identified as a putative bacteria-chordate LGT but was later debunked has a significant BLAST match to a more recently deposited genome of Saccoglossus kowalevskii, a flatworm, Metazoan, and hemichordate. Using BLAST searches, HMM searches, and phylogenetics to better understand the evidence for lateral gene transfer, gene loss, and rate variation in ACY3/ASPA homologues, the most parsimonious explanation for the distribution of ACY3/ASPA genes in eukaryotes likely involves both gene loss and lateral gene transfer, albeit lateral gene transfer that occurred hundreds of millions of years ago prior to the divergence of gnathostomes and even longer and prior to the divergence of bilateria. Given the many known, well-characterized, and adaptive lateral gene transfers from bacteria to insects and nematodes, lateral gene transfers at these time scales in the ancestors of humans is expected.
Gating by induced α-γ asynchrony in selective attention
Authors: Pascucci David , Hervais-Adelman Alexis , M.Michel Christoph , Plomp Gijs 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVisual selective attention operates through top-down mechanisms of signal enhancement and suppression, mediated by α-band oscillations. The effects of such top-down signals on local processing in primary visual cortex (V1) remain poorly understood. In the present work, we characterize the interplay between large-scale interactions and local activity changes in V1 that orchestrates selective attention, using Granger-causality and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) analysis of EEG source signals. The task required participants to either attend to or ignore oriented gratings. Results from time-varying, directed connectivity analysis revealed frequency specific effects of attentional selection: bottom-up γ-band influences from visual areas increased rapidly in response to attended stimuli while distributed top-down α-band influences originated from parietal cortex in response to ignored stimuli. Importantly, the results revealed a critical interplay between top-down parietal signals and α-γ PAC in visual areas. Parietal α-band influences disrupted the α-γ coupling in visual cortex, which in turn reduced the amount of γ-band outflow from visual areas. Our results are a first demonstration of how directed interactions affect cross-frequency coupling in downstream areas depending on task demands. These findings suggest that parietal cortex realizes selective attention by disrupting cross-frequency coupling at target regions, which prevents them from propagating task-irrelevant information.Significance statementIn the present work, we demonstrated how selective attention emerges from the interplay between large-scale brain interactions and local structures of information processing in sensory areas. When visual input is relevant, the visual cortex rapidly propagates attended information through feedforward oscillations in the gamma band. When stimuli are irrelevant, however, the parietal cortex suppresses information processing through inhibitory influences in the alpha band. Importantly, we show that alpha activity from parietal cortex disrupts the coupling between low and high frequencies in visual regions, which in turn, determines their amount of feedforward propagation. Our results provide novel insight into how the brain orchestrates selective attention and reveal how the parietal cortex prevents the processing of irrelevant information in other cortical areas.
Systematic transcriptomics reveals a biphasic mode of sarcomere morphogenesis in flight muscles regulated by Spalt
Authors: Spletter Maria L. , Barz Christiane , Yeroslaviz Assa , Zhang Xu , Lemke Sandra B. , Brunner Erich , Cardone Giovanni , Basler Konrad , Habermann Bianca H. , Schnorrer Frank 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMuscles organise pseudo-crystalline arrays of actin, myosin and titin filaments to build force-producing sarcomeres. To study how sarcomeres are built, we performed transcriptome sequencing of developingDrosophilaflight muscles and identified 40 distinct expression profile clusters. Strikingly, two clusters are strongly enriched for sarcomeric components. Temporal gene expression together with detailed morphological analysis enabled us to define two distinct phases of sarcomere development, which both require the transcriptional regulator Spalt major. During the sarcomere formation phase, 1.8 μm long immature sarcomeres assemble myofibrils that spontaneously contract. During the sarcomere maturation phase, these sarcomeres grow to their final 3.2 μm length and 1.5 μm diameter and acquire stretch-sensitivity. Interestingly, the final number of myofibrils per flight muscle fiber is determined at the onset of the first phase. Together, this defines a biphasic mode of sarcomere and myofibril morphogenesis – a new concept that may also apply to vertebrate muscle or heart development.
A tattoo is not a face. Ethical aspects of tattoo-based biometrics
Authors: Bacchini Fabio , Lorusso Ludovica 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThis study aims to explore the ethical and social issues of tattoo recognition technology (TRT) and tattoo similarity detection technology (TSDT), which are expected to be increasingly used by state and local police departments and law enforcement agencies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates the new ethical concerns raised by tattoo-based biometrics on a comparative basis with face-recognition biometrics.FindingsTRT raises much more ethically sensitive issues than face recognition, because tattoos are meaningful biometric traits, and tattoo identification is tantamount to the identification of many more personal features that normally would have remained invisible. TSDT’s assumption that classifying people in virtue of their visible features is useful to foretell their attitudes and behaviours is dangerously similar to racist thought.Practical implicationsThe findings hope to promote an active debate on the ethical and social aspects of tattoo-based biometrics before it is intensely implemented by law enforcement agencies.Social implicationsTattooed individuals – inasmuch as they are more controlled and monitored – are negatively discriminated in comparison to un-tattooed individuals. As tattooing is not uniformly distributed among population, many demographic groups like African–Americans will be overrepresented in tattoos databases used by TRT and TSDT, thus being affected by disproportionately higher risk to be found as a match for a given suspect.Originality/valueTRT and TSDT represent one of the new frontiers of biometrics. The ethical and social issues raised by TRT and TSDT are currently unexplored.
Making sense of the changing face of Google’s search engine results page: an advertiser’s perspective
Authors: Sharma Divya , Gupta Agam , Mateen Arqum , Pratap Sankalp 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
Google commands approximately 70 per cent of search market share worldwide, resulting in businesses investing heavily in search engine advertising on Google to target potential customers. Recently, Google changed the way in which content and ads were displayed on the search engine results page. This reshuffling of content and ads is expected to affect the advertisers who advertise on Google and/or use it to drive traffic to their websites. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of these changes on various stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach
Data have been collected from various sources on the internet including blogs and discussion forums. Netnography has been used as it allows a detailed evaluation of the consumers’ needs, wants and choices in a virtual space.

Findings
The average cost-per-click for ads on the top positions is expected to increase. Advertisers whose ads usually occupy the lower positions would be adversely affected. To counter this, more emphasis should be placed on ad extensions and on product listing ads. In addition, organizations would benefit from increased efforts on search engine optimization.

Practical implications
A variety of coping strategies have been developed that can help marketers to successfully navigate through the change, including the use of ad extensions and the use of product listing ads.

Originality/value
This practice-focused paper offers guidelines for digital marketers to use sponsored search more effectively as part of their arsenal in light of some important changes recently made by Google. The potential of netnography as a research methodology has also been expanded by using it in a novel setting and in drawing up actionable insights.
Understanding marketing resources and size in agro-based enterprises
Authors: Osakwe Christian N. , Anaza Nwamaka A. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
Using firm-level data from small- to micro-sized agro-based enterprises located in developing Africa, the purpose of this paper is to employ a resource-based marketing model to explain financial and nonfinancial organizational performance outcomes. The moderating effect of firm size on the structural inter-linkages between customer retention orientation, eBrand promotion and the organizational performance outcomes is also explored.

Design/methodology/approach
Partial least squares path modeling approach was the analytical method for data analysis purposes.

Findings
The data support the assumption that marketing resources as well as the moderating influence of firm size play a strong role on the agro-based enterprise performance.

Originality/value
This study widens the context of inquiry on agro-based enterprise performance to include developing economies in Sub-Saharan Africa. The value of the paper rests in its intent to offer small- to micro-sized agro-based businesses in emerging markets more practical ways to enhance their performance.
Safety of the balloon catheter for cervical ripening in outpatient care: complications during the period from insertion to expulsion of a balloon catheter in the process of labour induction: a systematic review
Authors: Diederen M , Gommers JSM , Wilkinson C , Turnbull D , Mol BWJ 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundIt has been suggested that cervical ripening with a balloon catheter for labour induction can be done in an outpatient setting in low‐risk pregnancies. Introduction of such an approach needs to be accompanied with monitoring of potential complications. Therefore the existence and frequency of any associated adverse event during cervical ripening needs to be established.ObjectiveTo assess the complication rate during cervical ripening with balloon induction.Search strategyWe searched Embase, Medline, Cochrane Collaboration and CINAHL using keywords ‘induction of labour’, ‘cervical ripening’, ‘balloon catheter’, ‘Foley balloon’, ‘transcervical balloon’.Selection criteriaWe included randomized controlled trials and cohort studies containing original data on fetal and maternal morbidity in pregnant women during cervical ripening with a balloon catheter. Only articles for which authors were able to give data for this exact time frame were included.Data collection and analysisTwo reviewers assessed independently the eligibility of included studies, extracted data and performed a quality assessment. A meta‐analysis was performed to calculate the estimated prevalence of the adverse events.Main resultsIn total 26 studies were included reporting on 8292 women. The estimated prevalence of the analysed adverse events in the random effects model was between 0.0 and 0.26%, of which ‘pain/discomfort’ had the highest prevalence.ConclusionThis study suggests the risk of adverse events during the period between insertion and expulsion of a balloon catheter in cervical ripening to be low. These data facilitate further evaluation and implementation of this procedure in an outpatient setting for low‐risk pregnancies.Tweetable abstractBalloon catheter for cervical ripening appears to be safe enough to evaluate its use in the outpatient setting.
A Combined Approach of Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis for the Simultaneous Determination of Sugars and Fructans in Strawberry Juices During Storage
Authors: Cassani Lucía , Santos Mauricio , Gerbino Esteban , del Rosario Moreira María , Gómez‐Zavaglia Andrea 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this work, a Fourier transform mid‐infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)‐based method was developed for simultaneously quantifying simple sugars and exogenously added fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in strawberry juices preserved for up to 14 d using nonthermal techniques (geraniol and vanillin+ultrasound). The main spectral differences were observed in the 1200 to 900 cm−1 region. The presence of FOS was identified by the typical bands at 1134, 1034, and 935 cm−1. During storage, a significant decrease of sucrose was concomitant to an increase of glucose and fructose in juices stored without any previous preservation treatment, as determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A principal component analysis was performed on the FTIR spectra corresponding to the different treatments. The groups observed explained more than 94% of the variance and were related to changes in the carbohydrate composition during storage. Then, different partial least square models (PLS) were defined to determine the concentrations of glucose, sucrose, fructose, and those of exogenously added FOS with degrees of polymerization within 3 and 5. The carbohydrates' concentrations determined by HPLC were used as reference method. The models were validated with independent sets of data. The mean of predicted values fitted nicely those obtained by HPLC (correlation and R2 > 0.97), thus supporting the use of the PLS models to monitor the quality of strawberry juices in unknown samples. In conclusion, FTIR spectroscopy appears as an adequate analytical tool to quick assess whether juice formulations meet specifications in terms of authenticity, contamination and/or deterioration.Practical ApplicationFTIR spectroscopy provided a method potentially transferable to the food industry when associated with the multivariate analysis. The robust 21 PLS models defined in this work provided reliable tools for the rapid monitoring of juices’ authenticity and/or deterioration. In this regard, FTIR associated to multivariate analysis enabled the determination of different sugars in a single measurement without the need of pure sugars as standards. This experimental simplicity supports the use of FTIR at the production line, and also contributes to save time in determining carbohydrates' composition and stability, in an environmentally friendly way.
Mixture Design Applied to the Development of Chickpea‐Based Gluten‐Free Bread with Attractive Technological, Sensory, and Nutritional Quality
Authors: Santos Fernanda G. , Fratelli Camilly , Muniz Denise G. , Capriles Vanessa D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe aim of the study was utilized chickpea to create appealing, nutritious, and palatable gluten‐free bread (GFB). The performance of chickpea flour (CF) in single and composite GFB formulations was studied with a mixture design and response surface methodology. Six simplex‐centroid designs for 3 ingredients were used to identify the ideal proportions of CF in various blends with cassava starch (CS), maize starch (MS), potato starch (PS), and rice flour (RF) achieving the best physical properties. For each design, 3 single, 3 binary, and 3 ternary formulations were prepared. The results showed that CF alone is suitable for bread production, resulting in GFB with higher volume and crumb firmness and lower crumb moisture than single formulations of other raw materials. However, the interactions between CF and PS or CS enhanced the loaf volume and decreased the crumb firmness values. The GFB prepared with only CF was accepted (overall acceptability score of 7.1‐ on a 10‐cm scale). Nevertheless, the composite formulations prepared with CF75:PS25 or CF75:CS25 (flour basis) received overall acceptability scores of 8.2, like those of their white GFB, prepared with RF50:PS50 blend (flour basis), and wheat bread counterparts, used as positive controls. Compared to white GFB, both composite formulations presented nearly a twofold increase in ash and protein contents and a threefold increase in total fiber content. These results show that blends of CF75:PS25 or CF75:CS25 can be used to develop GFB with a good physical and sensory properties, as well as an enhanced nutritional composition.Practical ApplicationGluten‐free bread (GFB) made with 75% chickpea flour (CF) blend with 25% potato or cassava starch showed improved total minerals, protein and dietary fiber content and bread quality characteristics. Therefore, CF is a valuable ingredient for food technologists in manufacturing better‐tasting and healthy GFB, which is important for consumers with gluten‐related disorders since GFB often lack nutrition content, appearance, texture, and mouthfeel.
Incidence of hyperoxia and related in‐hospital mortality in critically ill patients: a retrospective data analysis
Authors: Kraft F. , Andel H. , Gamper J. , Markstaller K. , Ullrich R. , Klein K. U. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundMechanical ventilation with oxygen is life‐saving, however, may result in hyperoxia. The aim was to analyse the incidence and duration of hyperoxia burden and related in‐hospital mortality in critically ill patients.MethodsPatients of all ages admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) and with mechanical ventilation for at least seven consecutive days were included in this single centre retrospective medical record audit. The main outcome measure was time‐weighted arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) over 7 days. Logistic regression for association with in‐hospital mortality and propensity score matching was performed.ResultsIn total, 20,889 arterial blood gases of 419 patients were analysed. Time‐weighted mean PaO2 was 14.0 ± 2.4 kPa. Time‐weighted mean FiO2 was 49.2 ± 12.1%. Seventy‐six (18.1%) patients showed continuous hyperoxia exposure, defined as time‐weighted mean PaO2 > 16 kPa. Duration of hyperoxia, hypoxia (PaO2 < 8 kPa) and normoxia (PaO2 8–16 kPa) were 37.9 ± 31.0 h (23.7%), 4.9 ± 9.5 h (3.1%), and 116.8 ± 29.6 h (73.2%). Hyperoxia occurred especially at low to moderate FiO2 in patients of first and second age quartiles (1–57 years) with smaller SAPS2 score. In‐hospital mortality of patients with hyperoxia (32.9%) or normoxia did not differ (35.9%; P = 0.691). Conditional logistic regression showed no association between hyperoxia and in‐hospital mortality (OR 1.46; 95%CI 0.72–2.96; P = 0.29).ConclusionSubstantial hyperoxia burden was observed in ICU patients. Young patients with less comorbidities showed hyperoxic episodes more often, especially with lower FiO2. Hyperoxia during 7 days of mechanical ventilation did not correlate to increased in‐hospital mortality.