bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive Effect of a Microclimate-Regulating System on Pressure Ulcer Development: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial in Dutch Nursing Homes
Authors: van Leen Martin , Halfens Ruud , Schols Jos 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
Prevention of pressure ulcers (PrUs) is based on relieving pressure, diminishing shear stress, and controlling the skin’s microclimate. Based on the recommendations in the most recent guideline for prevention of PrUs, a pressure-relieving, shear stress–diminishing, and microclimate-controlling skin interface multilayer support system (Bedcare; Sense Textile, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands) has been developed for use on top of a viscoelastic foam mattress (Formafoam, Kabelfabriek Eupen, Belgium). The aim of this study was to test the PrU preventive effect of this system compared with a viscoelastic foam mattress alone.

METHODS:
A multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial was executed in 21 nursing homes in the Netherlands. Residents with a Braden score less than 16, a life expectancy of more than 3 months, and no PrUs during the last 3 months were asked to participate and included after informed consent. Residents were divided into 2 groups. The control group received a new high-quality viscoelastic foam mattress covered with a cotton sheet. The intervention group received the same new mattress, in combination with the newly developed multilayer system. Research nurses followed the participating residents for 12 weeks. The outcome parameter was the development of PrUs.

RESULTS:
Two hundred six residents participated in the study. Both groups had comparable demographics (eg, age, Braden score, care dependency, incontinence). In the control group, 5% of the residents developed a category 2, 3, or 4 PrU, and 9% in the intervention group did. These results were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study shows that the multilayer system (Mini Overlay System, barrier mattress cover, and Stay and Transfer Sheet), when used as an integral system and in combination with a viscoelastic foam mattress, has no added value over the viscoelastic foam mattress/cotton sheet.
Theoretical Evaluation and Experimental Validation of Localized Therapeutic Hypothermia Application to Preserve Residual Hearing After Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Tamames Ilmar , King Curtis , Huang Chin-Yuh , Telischi Fred F. , Hoffer Michael E. , Rajguru Suhrud M. 
Published: December 2017

Objectives:
Cochlear implantation surgery has been shown to result in trauma to inner ear sensory structures, resulting in loss of residual hearing. Localized therapeutic hypothermia has been shown in clinical care to be a neuroprotective intervention. Previously, we have shown in an experimental model that localized hypothermia protects cochlear hair cells and residual hearing function against surgical and cochlear implantation trauma. Using experimental temperature measurements carried out in human cadaver temporal bones and a finite element model of the inner ear, the present study examined the temperature distribution of a custom-designed hypothermia delivery system in the human inner ear organs.

Design:
The efficacy of the hypothermia probe and resulting heat distribution across human cochlea and surrounding tissues were modeled in three-dimensional in COMSOL. The geometry and dimensions of inner ear and temporal bones were derived from computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging images. Model predictions were compared with experimental observations from five human temporal bones.

Results:
In both the modeling and experimental studies, the cochlear temperature was lowered by 4 to 6 °C on the round window from a baseline of 37 °C within 16 to 18 minutes. The model simulations showed uniformly distributed cooling across the cochlea. This study provides insight for design, operation, and protocols for efficacious delivery of mild therapeutic hypothermia to the human cochlea that may significantly benefit patients undergoing surgical cochlear implantation by preserving residual hearing.

Conclusion:
There was a close correlation between the results of the numerical simulations and experimental observations in this study. Our custom-designed system is capable of effectively providing mild therapeutic hypothermia locally to the human cochlea. When combined with results from in vivo animal experiments, the present study suggests that the application of localized therapeutic hypothermia may hold potential for patients with an aim to preserve residual hearing after cochlear implantation.
Mammary Analog Secretory Carcinoma With ETV6 Rearrangement Arising in the Conjunctiva and Eyelid
Authors: Bao Yongyang , Li Jiang , Zhu Yanbo 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:
Mammary analog secretory carcinoma (MASC) of salivary gland is a recently described neoplasm that morphologically and immunohistochemically resembles secretory carcinoma of the breast. Genetically, both of them harbor ETV-6-NTRK-3 fusion rearrangement. One case of primary MASCs arising from the eyelid is reported. The patient was a 52-year-old man. Microscopically, the tumor exhibited nodular aggregation of solid, tubular, and microcystic/macrocystic structures. Characteristic “colloid-like” eosinophilic secretory material was present within intraluminal spaces. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for mammaglobin, S-100, STAT5a, vimentin, GCDFP-15, AE1/AE3, EMA, and CK7 and were negative for DOG-1, CK5/6, and SMA. A dual color break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization probe identified rearrangement of the ETV6 gene locus on chromosome 12. The patient had no history of breast or salivary gland tumor. The tumor was completely excised, and the patient has no evidence of recurrent disease or metastasis after 1-year follow-up. A diagnosis of primary MASC was rendered. MASC has never been reported occurring in ocular region. This type of secretory carcinoma probably originates from sweat glands or accessory lacrimal glands, Wolfring and Krause. This unique case expands the clinicopathologic landscape of MASCs for better characterization of this rare entity.
Correlation of Reflectance Confocal Microscopy and Dermatopathology Findings in a Case of Acrodermatitis Chronica Atrophicans
Authors: Gülseren Duygu , Cerroni Lorenzo , Hofmann-Wellenhof Rainer , Arzberger Edith 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:
Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA) that is characterized by thin, papery dry, translucent, and alopecic patches with visible superficial veins is a late cutaneous manifestation of Lyme borreliosis. Clinical findings, a history of exposure to tick bite, and serology are helpful for the diagnosis of ACA and sometimes a biopsy is performed to rule out other infectious or inflammatory processes. In this study, we report reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) findings in a case of ACA. RCM examination revealed a flattened surface with broadened skin folds, a flattened dermoepidermal junction with few papillae and less bright basal cells and multiple small bright reflecting spots in the dermis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of the RCM findings in this disorder.
Novel poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitor combination strategies in ovarian cancer
Authors: McCann Kelly E. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose of review
The recent United States Food and Drug Administration approvals of niraparib and olaparib as maintenance monotherapy for platinum-sensitive, high-grade ovarian cancers independent of BRCA status reflect a willingness to seek indications for poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors beyond cancers with deleterious breast cancer 1 and breast cancer 2 mutations. In this review, I describe the rationale behind current PARP combination clinical trials with chemotherapies, angiogenesis inhibitors, cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors, and inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AK thymoma/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway.

Recent findings
PARP inhibitors have primarily been studied as monotherapy in cancers with homologous recombination repair defects based on an early understanding of PARP-1 as a base excision repair enzyme and the idea that abrogation of two DNA repair pathways cripples rapidly dividing cancer cells. It is now known that PARP-1 is a DNA damage sensor with much wider reaching roles in DNA repair processes and normal cellular functions, opening possibilities for PARP inhibitor use in other clinical contexts.

Summary
PARP inhibitor combination clinical trials are in the early stages, but will deepen our understanding of DNA repair mechanisms, cancer biology, and targeted therapies, thus contributing to the next iteration of therapeutic options for our patients.
Paediatric procedural sedation and analgesia by emergency physicians in a country with a recent establishment of emergency medicine
Authors: Kuypers Maybritt I. , Smits Gaël J.P. , Baerends Eva P. , Oskam Erick , Reijners Eef P.J. , Mignot-Evers Lisette A.A. , Thijssen Wendy A.M.H. , Plötz Frans B. , Korsten Erik H.M. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesPaediatric patients receive less procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in the emergency department compared with adults, especially in countries where emergency medicine is at an early stage of development. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the adverse events and efficacy of paediatric PSA in a country with a recent establishment of emergency medicine and to describe which factors aided implementation.MethodsThis is a prospective, multicentre, observational study of paediatric patients undergoing PSA by the first trained emergency physicians (EPs) in The Netherlands. A standardized data collection form was used at all participating hospitals to collect data on adverse events, amnesia, pain scores, and procedure completion. A survey was used to interpret which factors had aided PSA implementation.ResultsWe recorded 351 paediatric PSA. The mean age was 9.5 years (95% confidence interval: 9.1–10.0). Esketamine was most frequently used (42.4%), followed by propofol (34.7%). The adverse event rate was low (3.0%). Amnesia was present in 86.8%. The median pain score was 2 (out of 10) for patients without amnesia. Procedures were successfully completed in 93.9% of the cases.ConclusionPaediatric PSA provided by the first EPs in The Netherlands showed appropriate levels of sedation and analgesia with a high rate of procedure completion and a low rate of adverse events. Our paper suggests that EPs provided with a proper infrastructure of mentorship, training and guidelines can implement effective paediatric PSA.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis after Immediate Breast Reconstruction: The Reality of Its Efficacy
Authors: Ranganathan Kavitha , Sears Erika D. , Zhong Lin , Chung Ting-Ting , Chung Kevin C. , Kozlow Jeffrey H. , Momoh Adeyiza O. , Waljee Jennifer F. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Numerous techniques are used to prevent infection after immediate implant-based breast reconstruction. Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is commonly prescribed to decrease the risk of reconstructive failure, despite conflicting evidence regarding its effectiveness. The authors studied whether postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis decreases the risk of infection-related explantation in the setting of immediate prosthesis-based breast reconstruction.

Methods:
Using Truven MarketScan databases, the authors identified all patients who underwent immediate implant reconstruction between January of 2010 and June of 2014 with at least 6 months of follow-up. Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis was defined as any oral antibiotic course to be taken postoperatively based on prescriptions filled within 14 days preoperatively through 24 hours after discharge. Reconstructive failure, defined as explantation because of infection, was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes of interest included wound complications, infection, and readmission for infection. Multivariable regression analyses controlled for demographic variables/comorbidities.

Results:
Of the 7443 patients, 6049 (81 percent) filled prescriptions for postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis. These patients were equally likely to develop a wound complication (OR, 0.93; 95 percent CI, 0.71 to 1.23) or infection (OR, 0.89; 95 percent CI, 0.70 to 1.14), undergo explantation because of infection (OR, 0.82; 95 percent CI, 0.57 to 1.18), or require readmission for infection (OR, 1.21; 95 percent CI, 0.82 to 1.78) compared with those who did not receive antibiotics. There was no significant difference in the risk of infection-related outcomes based on postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis duration.

Conclusions:
Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis was not associated with a reduced risk of infection or explantation following prosthesis-based breast reconstruction. Given rising rates of antibiotic resistance, focusing instead on technical considerations and the management of comorbid conditions may more effectively enhance the safety of breast reconstruction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Identification of a novel caspase cleavage site in huntingtin that regulates mutant huntingtin clearance
Authors: Martin D.D.O. , Schmidt M. E. , Nguyen Y. T. , Lazic N. , Hayden M. R. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTHuntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that initially affects the striatum leading to changes in behavior and loss of motor coordination. It is caused by an expansion in the polyglutamine repeat at the N-terminus of huntingtin (HTT) that leads to aggregation of mutant HTT. The loss of wildtype function, in combination with the toxic gain of function mutation, initiates various cell death pathways. Wildtype and mutant HTT are regulated by different post-translational modifications that can positively or negatively regulate their function or toxicity. In particular, we have previously shown that caspase cleavage of mutant HTT at amino acid position aspartate 586 (D586) by caspase-6 is critical for the pathogenesis of the disease in an HD mouse model. Herein, we describe the identification of a new caspase cleavage site at position D572 that is mediated by caspase-1. Inhibition of caspase-1 also inhibits cleavage at D586 through inhibition of caspase-6. Inhibition of caspase cleavage at D572 significantly decreases mutant HTT aggregation and significantly increased the turnover of soluble mutant HTT. This suggests that caspase-1 may be a viable target to inhibit caspase cleavage of mutant HTT at both D572 and D586 to promote mutant HTT clearance.
Control of mechanical pain hypersensitivity through ligand-targeted photoablation of TrkB positive sensory neurons
Authors: Dhandapani Rahul , Arokiaraj Cynthia Mary , Taberner Francisco J. , Pacifico Paola , Raja Sruthi , Nocchi Linda , Portulano Carla , Franciosa Federica , Maffei Mariano , Hussain Ahmad Fawzi , Reis Fernanda de Castro , Reymond Luc , Perlas Emerald , Garcovich Simone , Barth Stefan , Johnsson Kai , Lechner Stefan G. , Heppenstall Paul A. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryMechanical allodynia is a major symptom of neuropathic pain whereby innocuous touch evokes severe pain. Here we identify a population of peripheral sensory neurons expressing TrkB that are both necessary and sufficient for producing pain from light touch after nerve injury. Mice in which TrkB-Cre expressing neurons are ablated are less sensitive to the lightest touch under basal conditions, and fail to develop mechanical allodynia in a model of neuropathic pain. Moreover, selective optogenetic activation of these neurons after nerve injury evokes marked nociceptive behavior. Using a phototherapeutic approach based upon BDNF, the ligand for TrkB, we perform molecule-guided laser ablation of these neurons and achieve long-term retraction of TrkB positive neurons from the skin and pronounced reversal of mechanical allodynia across multiple types of neuropathic pain. Thus we identify the peripheral neurons which transmit pain from light touch and uncover a novel pharmacological strategy for its treatment.HighlightsTrkB+ neurons detect light touch under basal conditionsTrkB+ neurons convey mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain statesA photosensitizing derivative of BDNF allows for photoablation of TrkB+ neuronsBDNF-guided photoablation reverses allodynia in multiple types of neuropathic pain
Analysis of chaotic dynamics for aircraft assembly lines
Authors: Xin Bo , Li Yuan , Yu Jian-feng , Zhang Jie 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nonlinear dynamics of the aircraft assembly lines. An approach for modeling and analyzing the production rate of an aircraft assembly line is introduced using the chaos theory.

Design/methodology/approach
First, two key system variables including reliability and learning ability are considered to control the dynamics model. The discrete-time dynamics equation of the production rate is established as a function of the reliability and the learning rate. Then an improved Gauss-learning curve is proposed and applied to aircraft assembling condition. Finally, the bifurcation diagrams and the maximal Lyapunov exponents are used and applied to the experimental study to analyze the dynamic behavior under different combinations of parameters.

Findings
On the basis of the experimental study, it is shown that chaotic behavior really exists in the aircraft assembly lines. The reliability and the Gauss-learning curve can nonlinearly affect the production rate.

Originality/value
This paper applied nonlinear dynamics and chaotic theory to the production analyses of the aircraft assembly lines for the first time. The proposed model has been successfully applied to a practical case, and the result justifies its advantage as well as feasibility to both theory and engineering application.
A force rendering model for virtual assembly of mechanical parts with clearance fits
Authors: Wang QingHui , Huang Zhong-Dong , Li JingRong , Liu Jia-Wu 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
Realistic force sensation can help operators better feel and manipulate parts for virtual assembly (VA). Moreover, for VA of mechanical parts, it is necessary to consider their tolerance levels so as to apply proper assembly forces. Out of the three common assembly fit types, the type of clearance fit is the focus of virtual manual assembly, as parts with such fit type require precise force feedback to assist users’ assembly operations.

Design/methodology/approach
This study proposes a novel force rendering model for VA of mechanical parts with clearance fits. By decomposing an actual assembly operation into three consecutive states, the corresponding forces are formulated.

Findings
A prototype system is designed and developed to implement the model, and comparative case studies are conducted to investigate the users’ performance with the other three common approaches, namely, a typical WIMP (window-icon-menu-pointer) interface with CAD software, a physics simulation with collision detection and the approach that combines physics simulation and geometric constraints restriction. The results have shown that the proposed model is more realistic by providing continuous and realistic force feedback to the users.

Originality/value
The users’ feeling of immersion and their operational efficiency are greatly enhanced with the force sensation provided.
Institutional support and women’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy
Authors: Kazumi Tomoyo , Kawai Norifumi 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explores the extent to which local institutional forces affect female entrepreneurial venture performance. Drawing upon a unified theoretical framework of social cognitive and institutional perspectives, the authors scrutinize the complex interplay among institutional support, entrepreneurial cognitions and entrepreneurial success.Design/methodology/approachBased on a unique sample of 202 female entrepreneurs in 30 provinces throughout Japan, this paper grounded social cognitive theory and attempted to clear the relation between women’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy and venture performance empirically by statistical analysis.FindingsThe findings of structural equation modeling indicate that women’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy is a strong and useful mediator of the effect of informal institutional support on venture performance. Unexpectedly, formal institutional support shows no correlation with entrepreneurial self-efficacy.Practical implicationsThis study proposes that perceived social legitimacy may lead to increased entrepreneurial self-efficacy, thereby enhancing venture performance. This finding can clarify the institutional force pathways to foster entrepreneurial confidence.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the field of female entrepreneurship by examining institutional antecedents of women’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Focused on the case of Japanese female entrepreneurs, this study is unique and valuable.
Determinants of bank’s profitability: role of poor asset quality in Asia
Authors: Salike Nimesh , Ao Biao 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the determinants of Asian banks’ profitability with particular focus on the role of asset quality. This concern has been particularly important as the Basel III imposed more stringent requirements in banking regulation.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses fixed effect estimation for the panel data of the sample that consists of 947 banks from 12 Asian economies over the period of 2001-2015.

Findings
The authors find that poor asset quality (measured as impaired loans over gross loans) has a significant negative impact on banks’ profitability. Other bank-specific variables – capital adequacy, income diversification and operating inefficiency – are also important determinants. With regard to macroeconomic factors – real gross domestic product growth has most significant influence on the performance of banks.

Research limitations/implications
The authors also find that the banks operating in non-advanced economies enjoy higher profit margin than banks operating in advanced economies.

Practical implications
Although the average asset quality in Asian banks improved over the years, governments could promote more competition, particularly in non-advanced economies. Banks in the region are recommended to diversify their income by avoiding over reliance on interest income.

Originality/value
Although there are prior studies that looked into asset quality, in particular with regard to the European and US experience, to the best of the authors’ knowledge there is no such study that explores cross-country Asian countries. In addition, the other primary determinants of Asian banks’ profitability are investigated. Further, the authors also looked in depth at the performance of the banks in advanced and non-advanced Asian economies.