bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root and biomass allocation traits predict changes in plant species and communities over four decades of global change
Authors: Messier Julie , Becker‐Scarpitta Antoine , Li Yuanzhi , Violle Cyrille , Vellend Mark 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlobal change is affecting the distribution and population dynamics of plant species across the planet, leading to trends such as shifts in distribution toward the poles and to higher elevations. Yet, we poorly understand why individual species respond differently to warming and other environmental changes, or how the trait composition of communities responds. Here we ask two questions regarding plant species and community changes over 42 years of global change in a temperate montane forest in Québec, Canada: (1) How did the trait composition, alpha diversity, and beta diversity of understory vascular plant communities change between 1970 and 2010, a period over which the region experienced 1.5°C of warming and changes in nitrogen deposition? (2) Can traits predict shifts in species elevation and abundance over this time period? For 46 understory vascular species, we locally measured six aboveground traits, and for 36 of those (not including shrubs), we also measured five belowground traits. Collectively, they capture leading dimensions of phenotypic variation that are associated with climatic and resource niches. At the community level, the trait composition of high‐elevation plots shifted, primarily for two root traits: specific root length decreased and rooting depth increased. The mean trait values of high‐elevation plots shifted over time toward values initially associated with low‐elevation plots. These changes led to trait homogenization across elevations. The community‐level shifts in traits mirrored the taxonomic shifts reported elsewhere for this site. At the species level, two of the three traits predicting changes in species elevation and abundance were belowground traits (low mycorrhizal fraction and shallow rooting). These findings highlight the importance of root traits, which, along with leaf mass fraction, were associated with shifts in distribution and abundance over four decades. Community‐level trait changes were largely similar across the elevational and temporal gradients. In contrast, traits typically associated with lower elevations at the community level did not predict differences among species in their shift in abundance or distribution, indicating a decoupling between species‐ and community‐level responses. Overall, changes were consistent with some influence of both climate warming and increased nitrogen availability.
Advancing cerebral small vessel disease diagnosis: Integrating quantitative susceptibility mapping with MRI‐based radiomics
Authors: Cheng Zhenyu , Yang Linfeng , Liang Changhu , Li Meng , Li Xianglin , Chen Yiwen , Liang Pengcheng , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Na , Gao Yian , Sui Chaofan , Guo Lingfei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a neurodegenerative disease with hidden symptoms and difficult to diagnose. The diagnosis mainly depends on clinical symptoms and neuroimaging. Therefore, we explored the potential of combining clinical detection with MRI‐based radiomics features for the diagnosis of CSVD in a large cohort. A total of 118 CSVD patients and 127 healthy controls underwent quantitative susceptibility mapping and 3D‐T1 scans, and all completed multiple cognitive tests. Lasso regression was used to select features, and the radiomics model was constructed based on the regression coefficients of these features. Clinical cognitive and motor tests were added to the model to construct a hybrid model. All models were cross‐validated to analyze the generalization ability of the models. The AUCs of the radiomics and hybrid models in the internal test set were 0.80 and 0.87, respectively. In the validation set, the AUCs were 0.77 and 0.79, respectively. The hybrid model demonstrated higher decision efficiency. The Trail Making Test, which enhances the diagnostic performance of the model, is associated with multiple brain regions, particularly the right cortical nuclei and the right fimbria. The hybrid model based on radiomics features and cognitive tests can achieve quantitative diagnosis of CSVD and improve the diagnostic efficiency. Furthermore, the reduced processing capacity due to atrophy of the right cortical nucleus and right fimbria suggests the importance of these regions in improving the diagnostic accuracy of the model.
Utilizing Radiomics of Peri‐Lesional Edema in T2‐FLAIR Subtraction Digital Images to Distinguish High‐Grade Glial Tumors From Brain Metastasis
Authors: Demirel Emin , Dilek Okan 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundDifferentiating high‐grade glioma (HGG) and isolated brain metastasis (BM) is important for determining appropriate treatment. Radiomics, utilizing quantitative imaging features, offers the potential for improved diagnostic accuracy in this context.PurposeTo differentiate high‐grade (grade 4) glioma and BM using machine learning models from radiomics data obtained from T2‐FLAIR digital subtraction images and the peritumoral edema area.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationThe study included 1287 patients. Of these, 602 were male and 685 were female. Of the 788 HGG patients included in the study, 702 had solitary masses. Of the 499 BM patients included in the study, 112 had solitary masses. Initially, the model was developed and tested on solitary masses. Subsequently, the model was developed and tested separately for all patients (solitary and multiple masses).Field Strength/SequenceAxial T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo sequence (T2WI) and T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery sequence (T2‐FLAIR), using 1.5‐T and 3.0‐T scanners.AssessmentRadiomic features were extracted from digitally subtracted T2‐FLAIR images in the area of peritumoral edema. The maximum relevance‐minimum redundancy (mRMR) method was then used for dimensionality reduction. The naive Bayes algorithm was used in model development. The interpretability of the model was explored using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP).Statistical TestsChi‐square test, one‐way analysis of variance, and Kruskal–Wallis test were performed. The P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. The performance metrics include area under curve (AUC), sensitivity (SENS), and specificity (SPEC).ResultsThe mean age of HGG patients was 61.4 ± 13.2 years and 61.7 ± 12.2 years for BM patients. In the external validation cohort, the model achieved AUC: 0.991, SENS: 0.983, and SPEC: 0.922. The external cohort results for patients with solitary lesions were AUC: 0.987, SENS: 0.950, and SPEC: 0.922.Data ConclusionThe artificial intelligence model, developed with radiomics data from the peritumoral edema area in T2‐FLAIR digital subtraction images, might be able to differentiate isolated BM from HGG.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Internationally qualified nurses' perspectives on transitioning specialty skills within Australia: A content analysis
Authors: Kurup Chanchal , Burston Adam Scott , Betihavas Vasiliki , Jacob Elisabeth Ruth 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo explore internationally qualified nurses' perceptions regarding the facilitators and barriers to specialty skill transfer in Australia.DesignThe study utilised a descriptive research design with a cross‐sectional survey. Data were collected from July to September 2022.MethodsA self‐designed survey was distributed through social media, snowballing and nursing professional organisations. The survey included six open‐ended questions which were analysed using thematic content analysis.ResultsSixty‐three participants completed the open‐ended questions in the survey. The findings identified a range of facilitators (support, previous experience, self‐agency) and barriers (systems barriers, bias/discrimination, being undervalued, lack of trust) to skill transition.ConclusionRecognising and addressing facilitators and barriers, coupled with creating customised pathways for specialty skill integration, are essential for optimising the utilisation of specialised skills in internationally qualified nurses.ImpactThis study aims to explore the barriers and facilitators involved in maximising skill utilisation among internationally qualified nurses in Australia. Identifying these barriers and facilitators is essential for improving patient care, as it will guide the development of strategies for safe nursing service delivery and the optimisation of skill usage. These findings hold significant implications for policymakers, healthcare organisations and nurses, providing valuable insights into how to address these obstacles and capitalise on the factors that make skill transfer smoother and more effective.Patient or Public ContributionSixty‐three internationally qualified nurses shared their experiences and opinions.
Titania Doped CDs as Effective CT‐DNA Binders: A Novel Fluorescent Probe via Green Synthesis
Authors: W. N Namrata , Joseph Neethu , Varghese Nikita , Varghese Meera , K. S Sreehari , Joy Francis , Nair Yamuna , B Manoj 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs), which belong to the class of zero‐dimensional carbon‐based nanomaterials, have garnered significant interest owing to their wide array of applications spanning from the electronics industry to the healthcare sector. This work employs a facile, inexpensive approach to synthesize green luminescent carbon dots (J‐10) from a potential medicinal plant named Justicia Wynaadensis by the one‐step hydrothermal method. A nanocomposite (JT‐10) of the CDs is prepared by adding TiO2 nanoparticles derived from green synthesis of Lavandula leaves. The J‐10 and JT‐10 are further characterized by X‐ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Raman analysis X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared techniques (FTIR), UV–vis spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL), and Fluorescence or PL lifetime analysis. The average size of synthesized CDs is 1.85 nm and exhibits an excitation‐dependent fluorescence nature at 320 nm. PL lifetime analysis of J‐10 and JT‐10 is calculated to be 5.80 and 2.84 ns respectively. Offering these unique optical properties and biocompatibility, the synthesised material is suitable for investigating their binding affinity and interaction mechanisms with DNA. The use of JT‐10 in DNA binding studies contributes to the development of sustainable and efficient nanomaterials for applications in biosensors, drug delivery, and gene therapy.
Communication‐Efficient Distributed Estimation of Causal Effects With High‐Dimensional Data
Authors: Wang Xiaohan , Tong Jiayi , Peng Sida , Chen Yong , Ning Yang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWe propose a communication‐efficient algorithm to estimate the average treatment effect (ATE), when the data are distributed across multiple sites and the number of covariates is possibly much larger than the sample size in each site. Our main idea is to calibrate the estimates of the propensity score and outcome models using some proper surrogate loss functions to approximately attain the desired covariate balancing property. We show that under possible model misspecification, our distributed covariate balancing propensity score estimator (disthdCBPS) can approximate the global estimator, obtained by pooling together the data from multiple sites, at a fast rate. Thus, our estimator remains consistent and asymptotically normal. In addition, when both the propensity score and the outcome models are correctly specified, the proposed estimator attains the semi‐parametric efficiency bound. We illustrate the empirical performance of the proposed method in both simulation and empirical studies.
Competing for Views and Students: The Implications of Platformization for Online Language Teaching
Authors: Wang Jinyan , Curran Nate Ming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLanguage teachers increasingly make use of digital platforms to find students, upload teaching material, give lessons, and promote themselves. This article examines the accounts of two popular English teachers from China on the social media platform Douyin and explores similarities and differences in the two teachers' self‐branding strategies. We suggest that the two teachers are emblematic of platform language teacherpreneurs: individuals who creatively utilize their previous experiences and self‐branding skills to promote themselves as language teachers on social media platforms and online language tutoring platforms. We argue that platformization holds important implications for TESOL, including not only for how language teachers construct their identities, but also for how we understand the category of language teacher in an age of ubiquitous social media.
Effect of birth type and sex on growth performance, wither height, humerus‐radius bone dimensions, humerus–ulna growth plate width and selected hormone profile in growing Gurcu goat kids
Authors: Boğa Kuru Buket , Akyüz Enes , Aydın Uğur , Kuru Mushap , Bektaşoğlu Fikret , Sezer Mert , Yıldız Uğur , Kırmızıbayrak Turgut 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, the effects of sex and birth type on growth performance, withers height (WH), radiographic measurements and selected hormone profiles in Gurcu goat kids were investigated.MethodsTwenty kids (single female = 5, single male = 5, twin female = 5, twin male = 5) were included in the study. Body weight (BW), WH, radiographic measurements (humerus length [HL], radius length [RL], proximal humerus epiphyseal plate width [HEP] and distal ulna epiphyseal plate width [UEP]) and biochemical analysis (for serum calcitonin, free triiodothyronine [FT3], free thyroxine [FT4], growth hormone [GH] and insulin‐like growth factor‐I [IGF‐I]) were performed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12 months of age.ResultsBW was significantly higher in males starting from the seventh month compared to females (p < 0.05). HL was higher in males at seventh (p = 0.009) and ninth (p = 0.033) months, whereas RL was lower in twins at the third month (p = 0.021). UEP was wider in males at seventh (p = 0.008) and ninth (p = 0.036) months. Closure of HEP was observed in 65% of kids by the 12th month. Calcitonin was lower in twins at third (p = 0.045) and fifth (p = 0.006) months, with changes observed due to group and time effects (p < 0.05), whereas other hormones only changed with time (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between BW, WH, HL, RL and IGF‐I. There was a negative correlation between BW, WH, HL, RL, IGF‐I and HEP, UEP, calcitonin, FT3, FT4, GH.ConclusionSex and birth type in Gurcu goat kids may have an impact on growth performance, radiographic measurements and certain hormonal profiles.
Suspected paroxysmal dyskinesia in four small‐breed dogs: Clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and prognosis
Authors: Kim Minji , Cho Heesoo , Kim Unghui , Choen Sangkyung , Yun YoungMin , Song Woo‐Jin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis case report details the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and prognosis of paroxysmal dyskinesia (PD) in four small‐breed dogs, each weighing under 6 kg: A 7‐year‐old spayed female Pomeranian, an 8‐year‐old female mixed breed, a 1‐year‐old female Pomeranian and a 9‐year‐old castrated male Poodle. These dogs were referred to our hospital due to movement disorders. Diagnosis was facilitated by video recordings of the episodes, assessing motor activity, consciousness, episode duration, any pre‐ or post‐episodic behaviour as well as the presence of autonomic signs. Magnetic resonance imaging conducted on two of the dogs returned unremarkable results. Treatment trials included a gluten‐free diet for all four dogs, with two also receiving acetazolamide. This intervention led to a decrease in the frequency of abnormal movement in all patients. Our findings suggest that PD in dogs can be effectively diagnosed through detailed symptom description using videos and questionnaires. Furthermore, once diagnosed, a combination of nutritional and medical management can be beneficial.
‘De-Risking’, De-Banking and Denials of Bank Services: An Over-Compliance Dilemma?
Authors: de Koker Louis , Casanovas Pompeu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter considers the impact of drivers of over-compliance or so-called ‘gold plating’ on decisions of banks to terminate or restrict relationships with customers and counterparts. It draws on a South African study of factors that influenced overly-conservative design of anti-money laundering and counter terrorist financing measures of South African banks in a rule-based context. It considers whether the identified drivers are still relevant in a risk-based context. The chapter concludes that the broad drivers remain relevant and that regulators that wish to limit risk-informed de-banking should avoid strengthening the drivers and consider how best to neutralise them.
Pharmaceutical metabolite identification in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry and in silico spectral library
Authors: Fučík Jan , Fučík Stanislav , Rexroth Sascha , Sedlář Marian , Gargošová Helena Zlámalová , Mravcová Ludmila 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPharmaceuticals released into the aquatic and soil environments can be absorbed by plants and soil organisms, potentially leading to the formation of unknown metabolites that may negatively affect these organisms or contaminate the food chain. The aim of this study was to identify pharmaceutical metabolites through a triplet approach for metabolite structure prediction (software-based predictions, literature review, and known common metabolic pathways), followed by generating in silico mass spectral libraries and applying various mass spectrometry modes for untargeted LC-qTOF analysis. Therefore, Eisenia fetida and Lactuca sativa were exposed to a pharmaceutical mixture (atenolol, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, ketoprofen, sulfametoxazole, tetracycline) under hydroponic and soil conditions at environmentally relevant concentrations. Samples collected at different time points were extracted using QuEChERS and analyzed with LC-qTOF in data-dependent (DDA) and data-independent (DIA) acquisition modes, applying both positive and negative electrospray ionization. The triplet approach for metabolite structure prediction yielded a total of 3762 pharmaceutical metabolites, and an in silico mass spectral library was created based on these predicted metabolites. This approach resulted in the identification of 26 statistically significant metabolites (p < 0.05), with DDA + and DDA − outperforming DIA modes by successfully detecting 56/67 sample type:metabolite combinations. Lettuce roots had the highest metabolite count (26), followed by leaves (6) and earthworms (2). Despite the lower metabolite count, earthworms showed the highest peak intensities, closely followed by roots, with leaves displaying the lowest intensities. Common metabolic reactions observed included hydroxylation, decarboxylation, acetylation, and glucosidation, with ketoprofen-related metabolites being the most prevalent, totaling 12 distinct metabolites. In conclusion, we developed a high-throughput workflow combining open-source software with LC-HRMS for identifying unknown metabolites across various sample types.
Graphical Abstract
Productive Tensions of Corporate Pride Partnerships: Towards a Relational Ethics of Constitutive Impurity
Authors: Christensen Jannick Friis , Just Sine N. , Schwarzkopf Stefan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBased on a qualitative study of Copenhagen 2021 WorldPride, this article explores collaboration between the local organiser and its corporate partners, focusing on the tensions involved in this collaboration, which emerge from and uphold relations between the extremes of unethical pinkwashing, on the one hand, and ethical purity, on the other. Here, pinkwashing is understood as a looming risk, and purity as an unrealizable ideal. As such, corporate sponsorships of Pride are conceptualized as inherently impure—and productive because of their very impurity rather than despite it. Analytically, we identify and explore three productive tensions where the first involves emergent normativities for what constitutes good, right, or proper corporate engagement in Pride, the second revolves around queer(ed) practices and products that open normativities, and the third centres on the role of internal LGBTI+ employee-driven networks whose activism pushes organisations to become further involved in Pride, developing aspirational solidarity. Reading across literatures on corporate activism and queer organisation, we introduce Alexis Shotwell’s notion of constitutive impurity to suggest that the potential for ethical corporate Pride partnerships arises when accepting the risk of pinkwashing rather than seeking to overcome it.
Spanish validation perceived ease of ICT among future early childhood education and primary school teachers
Authors: Aparicio-Flores María Pilar , Esteve-Faubel Rosa Pilar , Fernández-Sogorb Aitana , Gonzálvez Carolina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has been increasing in education. Despite its benefits, not everyone perceives its use with the same ease. This raises the need to observe the perceived ease of use (PEOU) of ICT among future teachers, which requires a valid and reliable instrument to measure this variable for the Spanish population. The aim of this study is to validate PEOU among trainee early childhood education and primary education teachers studying at Spanish universities and observe the factorial invariance across gender. Two studies were conducted: the first study consisted of an Exploratory Factor Analysis with 474 students (Mage = 21.17; SD = 4.03), while the second study tested the scale based on 796 students (Mage = 21.25; SD = 3.99). The results found that PEOU is a valid and reliable measurement scale consisting of two factors (FI. Difficulty [α = 0.89] and FII. Ease [α = 0.81], and that there are no gender differences. In conclusion, it provides a scale to assess PEOU of ICT among the Spanish adult population.
Assessing Historical Landslide Risk Management Based on Trigger Magnitude and Consequences: A Case Study from the Rokko Mountains, Kobe, Japan
Authors: Sato Tadamichi , Shuin Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLandslides are a common hazard in mountainous regions, and many countries have implemented landslide risk management to mitigate their negative impacts. Assessing the effectiveness of those measures is important to improve technical and political decision-making and to enhance the selection and implementation of effective landslide risk management strategies. Here, we assessed effectiveness in landslide risk management based on the magnitude of rainfall characteristics that triggered landslides (inducing factor) and landslide consequences in the Rokko mountains, Kobe, Japan. The number of check dams was used as an indicator of progress in landslide risk management. For fatal landslide events in 1938 and 1967, rainfall characteristics that triggered landslides were estimated using the three-layer tank model, and their magnitude was quantified by the return period (RP). We then compared these rainfall magnitudes and landslide consequences (i.e., fatalities and completely collapsed houses) between the two events. The RP of the first tank storage layer value, which indicates rainfall characteristics triggering shallow landslides, was higher at landslides in 1967 than in 1938, whereas landslide consequences were less in 1967 than in 1938. 218 units of check dams were intensively constructed by landslide risk management from 1938 to 1967 and reduced the damage from landslides in 1967 that were triggered by higher magnitude rainfall than in 1938. This study also highlighted the importance of focusing on the magnitude of the inducing factor and landslide consequences to assess the effectiveness of landslide risk management at a local scale.