bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MtDNA meta-analysis reveals both phenotype specificity and allele heterogeneity: a model for differential association
Authors: Marom Shani , Friger Michael , Mishmar Dan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHuman mtDNA genetic variants have traditionally been considered markers for ancient population migrations. However, during the past three decades, these variants have been associated with altered susceptibility to various phenotypes, thus supporting their importance for human health. Nevertheless, mtDNA disease association has frequently been supported only in certain populations, due either to population stratification or differential epistatic compensations among populations. To partially overcome these obstacles, we performed meta-analysis of the multiple mtDNA association studies conducted until 2016, encompassing 53,975 patients and 63,323 controls. Our findings support the association of mtDNA haplogroups and recurrent variants with specific phenotypes such as Parkinson’s disease, type 2 diabetes, longevity, and breast cancer. Strikingly, our assessment of mtDNA variants’ involvement with multiple phenotypes revealed significant impact for Caucasian haplogroups H, J, and K. Therefore, ancient mtDNA variants could be divided into those that affect specific phenotypes, versus others with a general impact on phenotype combinations. We suggest that the mtDNA could serve as a model for phenotype specificity versus allele heterogeneity.
Critical study of the distribution of rotational velocities of Be stars
Authors: Zorec J. , Frémat Y. , Domiciano de Souza A. , Royer F. , Cidale L. , Hubert A.-M. , Semaan T. , Martayan C. , Cochetti Y. R. , Arias M. L. , Aidelman Y. , Stee P. 
Published: February 2017

Aims.We assume that stars may undergo surface differential rotation to study its impact on the interpretation ofVsiniand on the observed distributionΦ(u) of ratios of true rotational velocitiesu=V/Vc(Vcis the equatorial critical velocity). We discuss some phenomena affecting the formation of spectral lines and their broadening, which can obliterate the information carried byVsiniconcerning the actual stellar rotation.Methods.We studied the line broadening produced by several differential rotational laws, but adopted Maunder’s expression Ω(θ) = Ω0(1 +αcos2θ) as an attempt to account for all of these laws with the lowest possible number of free parameters. We studied the effect of the differential rotation parameterαon the measuredVsiniparameter and on the distributionΦ(u) of ratiosu=V/Vc.Results.We conclude that the inferredVsiniis smaller than implied by the actual equatorial linear rotation velocityVeqif the stars rotate withα< 0, but is larger if the stars haveα> 0. For a given |α| the deviations ofVsiniare larger whenα< 0. If the studied Be stars have on averageα< 0, the number of rotators withVeq≃ 0.9Vcis larger than expected from the observed distributionΦ(u); if these stars have on averageα> 0, this number is lower than expected. We discuss seven phenomena that contribute either to narrow or broaden spectral lines, which blur the information on the rotation carried byVsiniand, in particular, to decide whether the Be phenomenon mostly rely on the critical rotation. We show that two-dimensional radiation transfer calculations are needed in rapid rotators to diagnose the stellar rotation more reliably.
Validation of the 36-item version of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) for assessing women's disability and functioning associated with maternal morbidity
Authors: Silveira Carla , Parpinelli Mary Angela , Pacagnella Rodolfo Carvalho , Andreucci Carla Betina , Angelini Carina Robles , Ferreira Elton Carlos , Cecatti José Guilherme ,   the COMMAG study group
Published: February 2017

Objective To validate the translation and adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of 36 items from the World Health Organizaton Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), regarding their content and structure (construct), in a female population after pregnancy.
Methods This is a validation of an instrument for the evaluation of disability and functioning and an assessment of its psychometric properties, performed in a tertiary maternity and a referral center specialized in high-risk pregnancies in Brazil. A sample of 638 women in different postpartum periods who had either a normal or a complicated pregnancy was included. The structure was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while the content and relationships among the domains were assessed through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The sociodemographic characteristics were identified, and the mean scores with their standard deviations for the 36 questions of the WHODAS 2.0 were calculated. The internal consistency was evaluated byCronbach's α.
Results Cronbach's α was higher than 0.79 for both sets of questons of the questionnaire. The EFA and CFA for the main 32 questions exhibited a total variance of 54.7% (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] measure of sampling adequacy =  0.934; p < 0.001) and 53.47% (KMO = 0.934; p < 0.001) respectively. There was a significant correlation among the 6 domains (r = 0.571–0.876), and a moderate correlation among all domains (r = 0.476–0.694).
Conclusion The version of the WHODAS 2.0 instrument adapted to Brazilian Portuguese showed good psychometric properties in this sample, and therefore could be applied to populations of women regarding their reproductive history.
Upper Limb Functionality and Quality of Life in Women with Five-Year Survival after Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Recchia Thaís Lunardi , Prim Amably Cristiny , Luz Clarissa Medeiros da 
Published: February 2017

Objective To evaluate the correlation between upper limb functionality and quality of life in women with five-year survival following breast cancer surgical treatment. The secondary objective was to evaluate the function of the ipsilateral upper limb and the quality of life in relation to the type of surgery and the presence of pain.
Methods The Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Breast plus Arm Morbidity (FACTB + 4) questionnaires were used to evaluate upper limb function and quality of life respectively. Data distribution was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for the parametric variables, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used for the distribution of non-parametric variables. The statistical significance was set at 5% (p < 0.05).
Results The study included 30 patients, with a mean age of 51.23 (±8.72) years. The most common complications were: pain (50%), adherence (33.3%), and nerve lesion (20.0%). There was a moderate negative correlation between the instruments DASH and FACTB + 4 (total score), r = -0.634, and a strong negative correlation between the DASH and the FACTB + 4 arm subscale, r = -0.829. The scores of both questionnaires showed significant difference on the manifestation of pain. However, there was no significant difference found when comparing the scores considering the type of surgery performed.
Conclusions Five years after surgery, the patients showed regular functionality levels on the ipsilateral upper limb and decreased quality of life, especially in the group manifesting pain.
Predictors of cesarean delivery in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gascho Carmem Luiza Lucht , Leandro Danieli Mayumi Kimura , Ribeiro e Silva Thiago , Silva Jean Carl 
Published: February 2017

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate which risk factors may lead patients with gestational diabetes mellitus to cesarean delivery.Methods This was a retrospective, descriptive study. The subjects of the study were pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus attending a public maternity hospital in the south of Brazil. The primary outcomes assessed were based on maternal and fetal characteristics. The data were correlated using an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI), calculated using multinomial logistic regression.Results A total of 392 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were analyzed, and 57.4% of them had cesarean deliveries. Among the maternal characteristics, the mean age of the patients and the pregestational body mass index were greater when a cesarean delivery was performed (p = 0.029 and p < 0.01 respectively). Gestational age at birth, newborn weight, weight class according to gestational age, and Apgar score were not significant. The analysis of the OR showed that the chance of cesarean delivery was 2.25 times (95%CI = 1.49–2.39) greater if the pregnant woman was obese, 4.6 times (95%CI = 3.017–7.150) greater if she was a primigravida, and 5.2 times (95%CI = 2.702–10.003) greater if she had a previous cesarean delivery. The other parameters analyzed showed no differences.Conclusion The factors that led to an increase in the occurrence of cesarean deliveries included history of a prior cesarean section, first pregnancy, and obesity.
Vpx overcomes a SAMHD1-independent block to HIV reverse transcription that is specific to resting CD4 T cells
Authors: Baldauf Hanna-Mari , Stegmann Lena , Schwarz Sarah-Marie , Ambiel Ina , Trotard Maud , Martin Margarethe , Burggraf Manja , Lenzi Gina M. , Lejk Helena , Pan Xiaoyu , Fregoso Oliver I. , Lim Efrem S. , Abraham Libin , Nguyen Laura A. , Rutsch Frank , König Renate , Kim Baek , Emerman Michael , Fackler Oliver T. , Keppler Oliver T. 
Published: February 2017

Significance
HIV infection can be restricted by different host cell proteins. One such restriction factor is SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), a triphosphohydrolase that cleaves dNTPs, which are required for HIV reverse transcription. The accessory lentiviral protein X (Vpx) from simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) of sooty mangabeys and rhesus macaques or from HIV-2 degrade SAMHD1. Here we show that Vpx proteins from SIVs of red-capped mangabeys and mandrills enhance HIV infection of resting CD4 T cells, but not macrophages, without affecting levels of either SAMHD1 or dNTPs. These Vpx proteins overcome a previously unrecognized SAMHD1-independent, cell-type–specific restriction at the level of reverse transcription and highlight the plasticity of lentiviruses to counteract the innate immune system.
Structural insights into the activation mechanism of dynamin-like EHD ATPases
Authors: Melo Arthur Alves , Hegde Balachandra G. , Shah Claudio , Larsson Elin , Isas J. Mario , Kunz Séverine , Lundmark Richard , Langen Ralf , Daumke Oliver 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Eps15 (epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15)-homology domain containing proteins (EHDs) are molecular machines that use the energy of ATP binding and ATP hydrolysis to remodel shallow membranes into highly curved membrane tubules. This activity is required in many cellular membrane trafficking pathways. In this work, we have determined a high-resolution structure of an EHD machine in the active state. The structure indicates how EHDs assemble at the membrane surface into ring-like scaffolds that deform the underlying membrane. By comparing this active state with a previously determined autoinhibited conformation, we can deduce the mechanistic details how recruitment of EHDs to membranes is regulated. A comparison with other membrane-associated molecular machines reveals commonalities and differences in the activation mechanism.
Activation mechanism of the G protein-coupled sweet receptor heterodimer with sweeteners and allosteric agonists
Authors: Kim Soo-Kyung , Chen Yalu , Abrol Ravinder , Goddard William A. , Guthrie Brian 
Published: February 2017

Significance
We report a dynamical study of sweet receptor heterodimer, for which there are abundant data for various sweeteners. Because there is no crystal structure of a complete G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) dimer of class C, we predicted the three-dimensional structure and carried out molecular dynamics with and without the sweetener agonists. We found that binding the sweetener induces major conformational changes during which the transmembrane domain (TMD) transforms from the TMD 56 interface to the TMD 6 interface, which is consistent with biophysical studies on activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 homodimers, also class C. These results provide insights for how GPCRs are activated, which may have a major impact on understanding activation of other GPCR therapeutic targets.
In Vitro Inhibition of Saprolegnia sp. by an Antifungal Peptide from Pseudomonas protegens XL03
Authors: Wang Feifei , Zhang Qizhong 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Saprolegniasis, a fungal fish disease, is an important challenge in the aquaculture industry. To find a natural agent to control saprolegniasis, an anti-Saprolegnia bacterium, named XL03, was isolated from the sediment of the Baimang River in Xili, Guangzhou, China. The bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas protegens by means of 16S rDNA gene sequence and its fluorescent character. Saprolegnia sp. was used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the P. protegens strain XL03. The cell-free disruption supernatant (CFDS) showed an antifungal zone of 19.34 ± 1.20 mm against the Saprolegnia hyphae on the potato dextrose agar (20% potato extract, 2% glucose, 2% agar) medium plate and depicted a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC = 12.5 mg/mL) against the Saprolegnia spore germination in vitro. To purify the antifungal substance from the CFDS, ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography were applied, and the purified peptide exhibited a single band at molecular weight about 58 kDa on a SDS-PAGE gels. Furthermore, the MIC of the purified peptide was identified as 0.0625 mg/mL against Saprolegnia spores, and the activity of peptide showed thermal stability between 30°C and 60°C but retained activity only in a narrow pH range of 5.0–9.0. These findings demonstrate that P. protegens strain XL03 has the potential to be used in biocontrol of saprolegniasis in aquaculture.
Soreness‐related changes in three‐dimensional running biomechanics following eccentric knee extensor exercise
Authors: Paquette Max R. , Peel Shelby A. , Schilling Brian K. , Melcher Dan A. , Bloomer Richard J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRunners often experience delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), especially of the knee extensors, following prolonged running. Sagittal knee joint biomechanics are altered in the presence of knee extensor DOMS but it is unclear how muscle soreness affects lower limb biomechanics in other planes of motion. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of knee extensor DOMS on three‐dimensional (3D) lower limb biomechanics during running. Thirty‐three healthy men (25.8 ± 6.8 years; 84.1 ± 9.2 kg; 1.77 ± 0.07 m) completed an isolated eccentric knee extensor damaging protocol to elicit DOMS. Biomechanics of over‐ground running at a set speed of 3.35 m s−1±5% were measured before eccentric exercise (baseline) and, 24 h and 48 h following exercise in the presence of knee extensor DOMS. Knee flexion ROM was reduced at 48 h (P = 0.01; d = 0.26), and peak knee extensor moment was reduced at 24 h (P = 0.001; d = 0.49) and 48 h (P < 0.001; d = 0.68) compared to baseline. Frontal and transverse plane biomechanics were unaffected by the presence of DOMS (P > 0.05). Peak positive ankle and knee joint powers and, peak negative knee joint power were all reduced from baseline to 24 h and 48 h (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that knee extensor DOMS greatly influences sagittal knee joint angular kinetics and, reduces sagittal power production at the ankle joint. However, knee extensor DOMS does not affect frontal and transverse plane lower limb joint biomechanics during running.
Angel: a new large-scale machine learning system
Authors: Jiang Jie , Yu Lele , Jiang Jiawei , Liu Yuhong , Cui Bin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Machine Learning (ML) techniques now are ubiquitous tools to extract structural information from data collections. With the increasing volume of data, large-scale ML applications require an efficient implementation to accelerate the performance. Existing systems parallelize algorithms through either data parallelism or model parallelism. But data parallelism cannot obtain good statistical efficiency due to the conflicting updates to parameters while the performance is damaged by global barriers in model parallel methods. In this paper, we propose a new system, named Angel, to facilitate the development of large-scale ML applications in production environment. By allowing concurrent updates to model across different groups and scheduling the updates in each group, Angel can achieve a good balance between hardware efficiency and statistical efficiency. Besides, Angel reduces the network latency by overlapping the parameter pulling and update computing and also utilizes the sparseness of data to avoid the pulling of unnecessary parameters. We also enhance the usability of Angel by providing a set of efficient tools to integrate with application pipelines and provisioning efficient fault tolerance mechanisms. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the superiority of Angel.
Metal nanoparticles induced photocatalysis
Authors: Liu Lequan , Zhang Xinnan , Yang Lufeng , Ren Liteng , Wang Defa , Ye Jinhua 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Photocatalysis induced by light absorption of metal nanoparticles (NPs) has emerged as a promising strategy for exploiting efficient visible-light-responsive composites for solar-energy conversion. In this review, we first introduce the light absorption of metal NPs and the mechanisms proposed in metal-induced photocatalysis (MIP). Then, its applications in water splitting, artificial photosynthesis and inert molecular activation are summarized. To address the challenge of low efficiency in this field, strategies in promoting catalytic activity are reviewed, and particular attention is paid to the particle-size effect of metal. Finally, the challenges and possible development directions of MIP are briefly discussed.
Outcomes of Women With High-Grade and Low-Grade Advanced-Stage Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Gockley Allison , Melamed Alexander , Bregar Amy J. , Clemmer Joel T. , Birrer Michael , Schorge John O. , del Carmen Marcela G. , Rauh-Hain J. Alejandro 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To compare outcomes of women with advanced-stage low-grade serous ovarian cancer and high-grade serous ovarian cancer and identify factors associated with survival among patients with advanced-stage low-grade serous ovarian cancer.

METHODS:
A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with grade 1 or 3, advanced-stage (stage IIIC and IV) serous ovarian cancer between 2003 and 2011 was undertaken using the National Cancer Database, a large administrative database. The effect of grade on survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors predictive of outcome were compared using the Cox proportional hazards model. Among women with low-grade serous ovarian cancer, propensity score matching was used to compare all-cause mortality among similar women who underwent chemotherapy and lymph node dissection and those who did not.

RESULTS:
A total of 16,854 (95.7%) patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer and 755 (4.3%) patients with low-grade serous ovarian cancer were identified. Median overall survival was 40.7 months among high-grade patients and 90.8 months among women with low-grade tumors (P<.001). Among patients with low-grade serous ovarian cancer in the propensity score-matched cohort, the median overall survival was 88.2 months among the 140 patients who received chemotherapy and 95.9 months among the 140 who did not receive chemotherapy (P=.7). Conversely, in the lymph node dissection propensity-matched cohort, median overall survival was 106.5 months among the 202 patients who underwent lymph node dissection and 58 months among the 202 who did not (P<.001).

CONCLUSION:
When compared with high-grade serous ovarian cancer, low-grade serous ovarian cancer is associated with improved survival. In patients with advanced-stage low-grade serous ovarian cancer, lymphadenectomy but not adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved survival.
Filled Prescriptions for Opioids After Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Jarlenski Marian , Bodnar Lisa M. , Kim Joo Yeon , Donohue Julie , Krans Elizabeth E. , Bogen Debra L. 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate the prevalence of filled opioid prescriptions after vaginal delivery.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 164,720 Medicaid-enrolled women in Pennsylvania who delivered a liveborn neonate vaginally from 2008 to 2013, excluding women who used opioids during pregnancy or who had an opioid use disorder. We assessed overall filled prescriptions as well as filled prescriptions in the presence or absence of the following pain-inducing conditions: bilateral tubal ligation, perineal laceration, or episiotomy. Outcomes included a binary measure of whether a woman had any opioid prescription fill 5 days or less after delivery and, among those women, a second opioid prescription fill 6–60 days after delivery. Among women with no coded pain-inducing conditions at delivery, we used multivariable logistic regression with standard errors clustered to account for within-hospital correlation to assess the association between patient characteristics and odds of a filled opioid prescription.

RESULTS:
Twelve percent of women (n=18,131) filled an outpatient opioid prescription 5 days or less after vaginal delivery; among those women, 14% (n=2,592, or 1.6% of the total) filled a second opioid prescription 6–60 days after delivery. Of the former, 5,110 (28.2%) had one or more pain-inducing conditions. Predictors of filled opioid prescriptions with no observed pain-inducing condition at delivery included tobacco use (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–1.4) and a mental health condition (adjusted OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.4). Having a diagnosis of substance use disorder other than opioid use disorder was not associated with filling an opioid prescription 5 days or less after delivery, but was associated with having a second opioid prescription 6–60 days after delivery (adjusted OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.6).

CONCLUSION:
More than 1 in 10 Medicaid-enrolled women fill an outpatient opioid prescription after vaginal delivery. National opioid-prescribing recommendations for common obstetrics procedures such as vaginal delivery are warranted.