bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Runterschlucken geht nicht …
Authors: Keller Jochen , Durwen Herbert F. 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Schluckstörungen Um Nahrung aufzunehmen, muss der Schluckvorgang funktionieren. Diverse Erkrankungen, aber auch ein Tracheostoma
können den Schluckvorgang erheblich beeinträchtigen. Ein professionelles Dysphagiemanagement ist notwendig, um eine möglichst große
Lebensqualität wiederherzustellen.
Feasibility and Safety of Flexible Bronchoscopy Performed Via Tracheal Tubes in Patients With Tracheostomies
Authors: Ferrer Gustavo , Lee Chi Chan , Shaharyar Sameer , Perez Osman , Moor Molly , Gomez Frank , Tse Fanny , Feiz Hamid , Danckers Mauricio 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is commonly performed to assess, diagnose, and treat patients with respiratory disease, and is typically performed via transnasal or transoral approaches. FB can be performed via tracheal tubes in patients with tracheostomies; however, the safety and technical feasibility has not been established. The present study evaluates the safety and feasibility of performing FB via tracheal tubes.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 45 patients underwent 56 procedures involving FB via tracheal tubes at a single institution from November 2013 to November 2014 and were included in this retrospective case series.

Results:
Patients had a median age of 68 years (interquartile range, 56 to 82.5), and 51% were female. Most patients had 2 comorbidities (interquartile range, 1 to 3), with the most common being hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Upper airway obstruction was the primary indication for bronchoscopy in 40% of patients. Fifty-three percent of patients had a Shiley tube #6, [internal cannula diameter (ICD) of 6.5 mm]; tracheal tubes in the remaining patients ranged from Shiley #4 (ICD, 5.5 mm) to Shiley #8 (ICD, 8.5 mm). One patient did not complete the procedure due to severe hypertension (intraprocedural systolic blood pressure >180 mm Hg). During FB, no patients experienced cardiorespiratory arrest, arrhythmia, bleeding, or desaturation that required resuscitation. Eleven patients had a mucus plug leading to atelectasis during bronchoscopy, and 8 of these had a postprocedural chest x-ray finding of lung reexpansion.

Conclusion:
FB via tracheal tubes is a technically feasible and safe procedure that does not compromise patient oxygenation.
Intracranial Foreign Body in a Patient With Paranoid Schizophrenia
Authors: Andereggen Lukas , Biétry Damien , Kottke Raimund , Andres Robert H. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Self-inflicted penetrating head injuries in patients with paranoid schizophrenia are an infrequent phenomenon. The authors report on a psychiatric patient who presented with epistaxis. Computed tomography showed a nail passing from the nasal cavity into the frontal lobe. Given the proximity to large intracranial vessels, a craniotomy was performed and the nail was retracted. The patient later reported having hammered the nail into the nasal cavity with the intention to “kill the voice in my head.” Despite use of the latest imaging modalities, metal artifacts may have limited the assessment of vascular involvement. Surgical decision-making preventing secondary damage is crucial in them.
Credit risk in banks’ exposures to non‐financial firms
Authors: Accornero Matteo , Cascarino Giuseppe , Felici Roberto , Parlapiano Fabio , Sorrentino Alberto Maria 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper outlines a framework based on microdata and a structural model to gauge credit risk in banks’ exposures to non‐financial firms. Sectoral risk factors are accounted for using a multi‐factor model. We use expected and unexpected losses as indicators of credit risk stemming from the corporate sector as a whole, and we put forward a measure of systemic risk relevance of economic sectors. We apply the model to the Italian economy, showing the sensitivity of credit risk indicators to different characteristics of default risk, cyclicality and concentration of economic sectors.
Remote ischemia affects the diameter of larger retinal vessels in normal persons
Authors: El Dabagh Y. , Petersen L. , Pedersen M. , Bek T. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeRemote ischemic conditioning (RIC) implies that repeated episodes of ischemia in one organ can protect another remote organ from the adverse consequences of ischemia. It remains to be elucidated whether the diameter response in retinal vessels can be used as a marker of RIC in general and whether the response can be used to predict the effect of RIC on the visual prognosis in diseases characterized by retinal ischemia.MethodsIn twenty normal persons aged 20–31 years the Dynamic Vessel Analyzer (DVA) was used to measure the resting diameter and diameter changes during isometric exercise and flicker stimulation before, immediately after, and one hour after RIC induced by transient ischemia in the left arm.ResultsThe baseline diameter of retinal venules was reduced non‐significantly immediately after (p = 0.07) and significantly one hour after RIC (p < 0.009), whereas the baseline diameter of arterioles was unaffected by the intervention (p > 0.61). Arterial constriction induced by isometric exercise was significantly reduced immediately after RIC (p < 0.04), but not one hour after RIC (p > 0.99). None of the other diameter responsese were affected by RIC (p > 0.22 for all comparisons).ConclusionsThe diameter of large retinal vessels is affected one hour after controlled transient ischemia in the left arm. This indicates that the diameter response of retinal vessels could be a potential marker of ischemic conditioning in the body in general. The potential of remote ischemic conditioning as an intervention on vision threatening retinal diseases where ischemia is a part of the pathogenesis should be investigated.
Changes in normal ocular biometry and optics with age
Authors: Rozema J. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryOcular biometry can vary widely between subjects of similar gender and age. The intraocular interaction to achieve a particular refraction is almost unique for each individual eye. For this reason, a single eye model cannot adequately represent the range of keratometry and axial length data (e.g. about 0.5% of the general population is represented by the Gullstrand eye). This can have practical repercussions, e.g. for IOL power calculations. Moreover, ocular biometry is known to undergo many changes with age. Such modifications are very rapid and extensive in infants, towards a more stable situation in young adults, where changes are more gradual and almost uniquely lenticular in nature. While the changes themselves have been extensively described in literature, many underlying factors remain insufficiently understood. This makes any attempt beyond descriptive modelling (e.g. forecasting refractive evolution) a very challenging proposition for now. This talk highlights observed wide variations in biometry in the general population, introduces three main types of changes with age (emmetropization, myopization and lenticular changes), and discusses how changes in biometry contribute to the known evolution of refraction.
OCT and retinal ganglion cell layer
Authors: Borruat F.X. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryVision is highly dependent on both retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and their axons. Vision salvation depends on the prevention of RGC loss, and the time window to initiate a neuroprotective therapy after injury is not well defined in humans.Recent developments in both OCT technology and software have allowed a precise and reproducible assessment of the RGC layer to be possible in vivo in humans. The goals of this presentation are two‐fold : first, to review the mechanisms of both axonal and RGC degeneration; second, to discuss the time‐course of RGC loss after either antechiasmal or retrogeniculate lesions.At the end of the talk, participants should understand the mechanisms and time‐course of RGC and axonal loss.
Anti‐VEGF intravitreal injections in the management of radiation maculopathy – Against
Authors: Papastefanou V. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryRadiation maculopathy (ischaemic or oedematous) is a dose‐dependent complication after radiation therapy associated with vascular decompensation caused by radiation damage. It develops primarily in patients treated for choroidal melanoma or other intraocular tumours following plaque brachytherapy or proton beam radiotherapy though it has been reported following epimacular brachytherapy for AMD patients or regional radiotherapy in other cases of malignant neoplasia. Though anti‐VEGF treatment has been proposed in the management of radiation maculopathy there are inherent problems in its use. The pharmacokinetics of anti‐VEGF necessitate repeated, and an increased number of intravitreal injections. The efficacy of anti‐VEGF has been most robust when used preventively. Alternative treatments include macular laser, triamcinolone acetonide injections and more recently dexamethasone implants. The former had good anatomic results and the latter have comparable results with anti‐VEGF agents in smaller series with less injections. Dexamethasone implants also had a more favourable outcome in cases non‐responsive to bevacizumab. Laser could still have an important preventive role especially in the treatment of ischemic areas.
Crosslinking in infectious corneal ulcers and Terrien marginal degeneration
Authors: Barraquer R.I. , de Toledo J. Alvarez , Lamarca J. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryCorneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is an established safe and effective option in the treatment of early keratoconus. This presentation reviews the published evidence and personal experience with CXL in special indications.The intrinsic toxicity of the oxidative CXL process, normally causing a temporarily acellular corneal stroma to a certain depth, implies an antiseptic potential on bacteria, fungi and amebae. This has been applied to refractory corneal infections with varying success. While most available evidence is anecdotal, some prospective studies appear to confirm the usefulness of CXL as an antimicrobial treatment.CXL in keratoconus is usually applied to the central cornea and aims at preventing the progression of ectasia, with minor effect on curvature and refraction. However, our experience with CXL in cases of peripheral ectatic conditions such as Terrien's disease shows that, beyond stabilization of the process, a marked improvement in astigmatism is possible with a persistent effect after a long term follow up. The possible implications on the mechanism of action of CXL and the pathogenesis of ectasia will be discussed.
Endoscopic vitrectomy for stage 4 ROP
Authors: Wong S.C. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryIntroductionRetinal detachment (RD) surgery in ROP is complex. Safe surgical access into the vitreous cavity is a challenge with a significant risk of requiring primary lensectomy with long term ocular morbidity risk. Endoscopic vitrectomy (Endo‐Vit) is a novel surgical approach, enabling a different intraoperative surgeon's perspective that may addresses some of the surgical challenges.PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Endo‐Vit for traction RD in ROP.SettingGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London.MethodsSingle centre noncomparative consecutive series of surgery for stage 4 ROP. Inclusion criteria was stage 4A or 4B ROP, with stage 5 excluded.ResultsEighteen eyes of 14 patients were included. Mean gestational age, birth weight and follow‐up were 25.3 weeks, 794g and 3 months, respectively. RD stage was 4A in 7 eyes, and 4B in 11 eyes. Median age at primary Endo‐Vit was 45.8 weeks post menstrual age. Median number of surgeries was 1. Overall, primary retinal re‐attachment was 89%, 100% in 4A, and 82% in 4B. None required primary lensectomy.ConclusionsEndo‐Vit reduces the need for primary lensectomy in stage 4 ROP compared to standard techniques, with favourable anatomic outcomes.
UBM evaluation of mechanisms that drive intraocular pressure (IOP) decrease after ultrasound ciliary plasty (UCP) with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), towards a new explanation of the role of uveoscleral pathway outflow
Authors: Roquancourt T. , Aptel F. , Rouland J.F. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeUltrasound ciliary plasty technique is a new therapeutic approach in refractory glaucoma under maximal hypotensive medication, with coagulation of ciliary body. Our UBM evaluation found an atrophy of the ciliary body (ACB) as well as an widening of the uveo‐scleral pathway (UP). We evaluated the correlation between UBM observations and IOP decrease.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, observational, monocentric study, with 24 eyes from 19 patients, recruited between July 2015 and October 2016, undergoing systematic pre‐operative and postoperative visits at D7, M1, M3 with IOP measurement and UBM in 8 axes (the 6 ultrasound‐treated zones and 2 non‐treated zones).The evaluation of the UBM pictures was conducted by 2 experienced surgeons, analyzing the existence or absence of a de novo UP as well as the ACB.ResultsACB was found to be significant in UBM pictures and predominant in the therapeutic success group (60% of the axes analyzed for at least one of the reviewers for patients with IOP decrease maintained at M3 follow‐up versus 46% of axis in case of failure (p = 0.17).An opening of the UP was observed in the UBM pictures, observable in 53% of axes with patients in success group versus 45% of axis in patients whose IOP had failed to decrease. UBM found a gradual narrowing of the possible UP during the follow‐up in more than half of the axes analyzed irrespective of the IOP result.ConclusionsThe mechanisms of action responsible for IOP decrease after UCP have not been studied in great enough detail so far. Our study highlights several mechanisms contributing to IOP decrease: on the one hand, the decrease of the aqueous humor production by means of atrophy of the ciliary processes; and on the other, a second ‐ and less expected phenomenon ‐ of an increase in aqueous humour outflow due to a wider uveoscleral pathway, clearly visible in UBM pictures.
MEMUDARNYA NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA AIR
Authors: Hidayati Deny 
Published: September 2017

Water is vital for human and thus it has to be made available for our life. Many communities in Indonesia, with their local knowledge, customs, and culture that are passed from generations, utilize water resources in their areas to meet daily needs. They manage the resources and live in harmony with the surrounding nature. The wisdom of community on water resource management, unfortunately, has experienced a shift. Water has then become an important issue that requires significant attention. This paper discusses shift in the value of local wisdom on water resources. Data and information in this paper is based on desk reviews from research/assessment results, books, documents and the author’s field experiences in implementing relevant researches. The discussion focuses on the waning of local knowledge and wisdom as social capital in the provision of community water supply and as a form of their protection against water resources, such as the erosion of togetherness and mutual cooperation among members of the community, change in the value of water from social good to commercialization, the waning of local and traditional institutions, and the community’s sense of belonging to their common property resources. This paper also analyze the shift of local wisdom’s role in maintaining balance and harmony between the communities and their surrounding environment, and challenges to the existence of local wisdom associated with population pressures, modernization and development activities with less attention to the preservation of water resources and environment.
Arzneimittel in der Schwangerschaft – Potenzial von Sekundärdaten
Authors: Schink Tania , Wentzell Nadine , Haug Ulrike 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Einnahme von Arzneimitteln während der Schwangerschaft ist mit großer Unsicherheit verbunden, weil mögliche Auswirkungen auf das ungeborene Kind oder den Schwangerschaftsverlauf vor der Marktzulassung oft nur unzureichend erforscht werden können (z.B. nur in Tierversuchen). Dementsprechend ist es wichtig, nach der Marktzulassung Studien zur Arzneimittelsicherheit während der Schwangerschaft durchzuführen. Hierfür hat die Nutzung von Sekundärdaten in den vergangenen Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen.
Tribological properties and microstructures of Al2O3-TiC-TiB2 reinforced composites
Authors: Li Peng 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Ti-3Al-2V alloy is an important aviation material but shows poor resistance to slid wear. Laser cladding of the Fe3Al-B4C pre-placed powders on a Ti-3Al-2V substrate can form the TiC-TiB2 reinforced composites, which improved the wear resistance of the substrate. In this study, it was noted that the addition of the Al2O3 and 7 wt.% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (YPSZ) was able to further increase the wear resistance of such composites. Al2O3 increased the dilution rate of the substrate to the laser molten pool to a certain extent; moreover, Al2O3 improved the hardness, elastic modulus and the mechanical properties of such laser clad composites. The YPSZ addition led t-ZrO2-ZrSiO4 to be produced in such composites.
PENGUATAN HAK ASASI PEREMPUAN DAN KESETARAAN GENDER MELALUI DIALOG WARGA
Authors: Umriana Anila , Fauzi Moh. , Hasanah Hasyim 
Published: September 2017

<p class="IIABSTRAK333"><span lang="IN">Tulisan ini menjelaskan penguatan hak asasi perempuan dan ke­setaraan gender melalui dialog warga di kelurahan Gisikdrono Kec. Semarang Barat Kota Semarang. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil program peng­abdian yang diarahkan pada munculnya kesadaran warga mengenai hak asasi perempuan dan kesetaraan gender. Hasil kegiatan pendampingan menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat problem pe­mahaman dan kesadaran hak asasi perempuan dan kesetaraan gender di masyarakat. Ini dibuktikan dengan masih banyaknya ketidak­adilan gender berupa diskriminasi, subordinasi, beban ganda yang dibeba­n­kan kepada perempuan. Upaya yang digunakan untuk mningkatkan kapasistas kesadaran hak asasi perempuan dan kesetaraan gender melalui dialog warga. Metode pengabdian menggunakan prinsip dialog warga. Model dialog warga bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kompetensi komunitas dalam menangani isu hak asasi perempuan dan kesetaraan laki-laki dan perempuan yang mereka anggap paling penting. Salah satu pinsip dasar dialog warga selalu berbasis kepada hak asasi, kesetaraan, apresiatif, berbasis asset masyarakat, mem­berdayakan, berkelanjutan, berorientasi perubahan, mengguna­kan bahasa istilah lokal, dan bukan merupakan proyek. Peningkatan kapasitas hak asasi perempuan dan kesetaraan gender dilakukan mendasarkan pada siklus dialog warga. Hasil akhir program menunjuk­kan bahwa telah terbentuk kesadaran dan pemahaman mengenai hak asasi perempuan, dan kesetaraan gender di masyarakat. </span></p>
Introducing Students to Understanding Business Processes and Identifying Data Sources
Authors: Gantman Sonia 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
The ability to understand, document, and analyse business processes is a key skill for accountants. The lack of business experience makes it difficult for many students to grasp the concept of a business process, to recognize business processes in practice and to prepare the necessary documentation. One of the most problematic areas for these students is the identification of data sources and data flows.
This step-by-step in-class exercise utilizes Amazon's order entry process, one with which the students have probably been engaged many times as customers without realizing the complication of the information system behind the website. This exercise allows for active/engaged student learning combined with intense instructor interaction. Additionally, the simple charting notation allows for easy transition to subsequent learning of flowcharting techniques. This exercise also provides an opportunity to touch on many subjects and themes that can be explored later in the semester. Students' feedback pertaining to this exercise was very positive.
Onychomycosis Infections
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Nakrieko Kerry-Ann 
Published: September 2017

Background:Mycological culture is the traditional method for identifying infecting agents of onychomycosis despite high false-negative results, slower processing, and complications surrounding nondermatophyte mold (NDM) infections. Molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods are faster and suited for ascertaining NDM infections.Methods:To measure agreement between culture and PCR methods for identification of infecting species of suspected onychomycosis, single toenail samples from 167 patients and repeated serial samples from 43 patients with suspected onychomycosis were processed by culture and PCR for identification of 16 dermatophytes and five NDMs. Agreement between methods was quantified using the kappa statistic (κ).Results:The methods exhibited fair agreement for the identification of all infecting organisms (single samples: κ = 0.32; repeated samples: κ = 0.38). For dermatophytes, agreement was moderate (single samples: κ = 0.44; repeated samples: κ = 0.42). For NDMs, agreement was poor with single samples (κ = 0.16) but fair with repeated samples (κ = 0.25). Excluding false-negative reports from analyses improved agreement between methods in all cases except the identification of NDMs from single samples.Conclusions:Culture was three or four times more likely to report a false-negative result compared with PCR. The increased agreement between methods observed by excluding false-negative reports statistically clarifies and highlights the major discord caused by false-negative cultures. The increased agreement of NDM identification from poor to fair with repeated sampling along with their poor agreement in the single samples, with and without false-negatives, affirms the complications of NDM identification and supports the recommendation that serial samples help confirm the diagnosis of NDM infections.