bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment strategy for tibial plateau fractures: an update
Authors: Prat-Fabregat Salvi , Camacho-Carrasco Pilar 
Published: June 2016

Tibial plateau fractures are complex injuries produced by high- or low-energy trauma. They principally affect young adults or the ‘third age’ population. These fractures usually have associated soft-tissue lesions that will affect their treatment. Sequential (staged) treatment (external fixation followed by definitive osteosynthesis) is recommended in more complex fracture patterns. But one should remember that any type of tibial plateau fracture can present with soft-tissue complications. Typically the Schatzker or AO/OTA classification is used, but the concept of the proximal tibia as a three-column structure and the detailed study of the posteromedial and posterolateral fragment morphology has changed its treatment strategy. Limb alignment and articular surface restoration, allowing early knee motion, are the main goals of surgical treatment. Partially articular factures can be treated by minimally-invasive methods and arthroscopy is useful to assist and control the fracture reduction and to treat intra-articular soft-tissue injuries. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is the gold standard treatment for these fractures. Complex articular fractures can be treated by ring external fixators and minimally-invasive osteosynthesis (EFMO) or by ORIF. EFMO can be related to suboptimal articular reduction; however, outcome analysis shows results that are equal to, or even superior to, ORIF. The ORIF strategy should also include the optimal reduction of the articular surface. Anterolateral and anteromedial surgical approaches do not permit adequate reduction and fixation of posterolateral and posteromedial fragments. To achieve this, it is necessary to reduce and fix them through specific posterolateral or posteromedial approaches that allow optimal reduction and plate/screw placement. Some authors have also suggested that primary total knee arthroplasty could be an option in specific patients and with specific fracture patterns. Cite this article: Prat-Fabregat S, Camacho-Carrasco P. Treatment strategy for tibial plateau fractures: an update. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:225-232. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000031.
Patient-specific instrumentation for total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Gomes Nuno Sampaio 
Published: June 2016

Shoulder arthroplasty is a demanding procedure with a known complication rate. Most complications are associated with the glenoid component, a fact that has stimulated investigation into that specific component of the implant. Avoiding glenoid component malposition is very important and is a key reason for recent developments in pre-operative planning and instrumentation to minimise risk. Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) was developed as an alternative to navigation systems, originally for total knee arthroplasty, and is a valid option for shoulder replacements today. It offers increased accuracy in the placement of the glenoid component, which improves the likelihood of an optimal outcome. A description of the method of pre-operative planning and surgical technique is presented, based on the author’s experience and a review of the current literature. Cite this article: Gomes N. Patient-specific instrumentation for total shoulder arthroplasty. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:177-182. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000033.
Constrained liners, dual mobility or large diameter heads to avoid dislocation in THA
Authors: Guyen Olivier 
Published: June 2016

Dislocation remains a common cause of failure after total hip arthroplasty. The limitations of existing approaches to address instability have led to the development of powerfull options: constrained liners, dual mobility and large heads. These implant-related options have proven to be very efficient, but have raised concerns. With constrained liners, restricted range of motion (ROM) is responsible for impingement leading to high likelihood of failure, depending on the design, with various failure modes. Improvements of the bearing materials have addressed some of the concerns about increased volumetric wear of conventional polyethylene and offer an option to reduce instability: large diameter heads have the advantage of increased ROM before impingement, increased head-neck ratio, and jump distance. Highly cross-linked polyethylene helps address the risk for increased wear, and also large heads provide improved stability without the risk of mechanical failures observed with constrained liners. However, the increase of the head size remains limited as reducing the thickness of the liner may lead to fractures. In addition, the jump distance decreases as the cup abduction increases. The dual mobility concept simultaneously attempts to address head-neck ratio, constraint, and jump distance. Despite the need for longer follow-up, concerns raised about potential increased wear and intra-prosthetic dislocation with first generation implants have been addressed with modern designs. With a dramatic increase of the head-neck ratio whilst reducing the risk of mechanical failure or excessive wear, dual mobility THA outperforms large diameter heads and constrained liners at 10 years follow-up. For these reasons, dual mobility continues to gain interest worldwide and is becoming the most popular option to manage instability. Cite this article: Guyen O. Constrained liners, dual mobility or large diameter heads to avoid dislocation in THA. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:197-204. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000054.
Polytrauma in the elderly: a review
Authors: Braun Benedikt Johannes , Holstein Jörg , Fritz Tobias , Veith Nils Thomas , Herath Steven , Mörsdorf Philipp , Pohlemann Tim 
Published: June 2016

Although the field of geriatric trauma is – ironically – young, care for the elderly trauma patient is increasingly recognised as an important challenge, considering the worldwide trend towards increasing longevity. Increasing age is associated with physiological changes and resulting comorbidities that present multiple challenges to the treating physician. Even though polytrauma is less likely with increasing age, lower-energy trauma can also result in life-threatening injuries due to the reduced physiological reserve. Mechanisms of injury and resulting injury patterns are markedly changed in the elderly population and new management strategies are needed. From initial triage to long-term rehabilitation, these patients require care that differs from the everyday standard. In the current review, the special requirements of this increasing patient population are reviewed and management options discussed. With the increase in orthogeriatrics as a speciality, the current status quo will almost certainly shift towards a more tailored treatment approach for the elderly patient. Further research expanding our current knowledge is needed to reduce the high morbidity and mortality rate. Cite this article: Braun BJ, Holstein J, Fritz T, Veith NT, Herath S, Mörsdorf P, Pohlemann T. Polytrauma in the elderly: a review. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:146-151. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.160002.
Constructing cultural memory: A memetic approach
Authors: Swiatek Lukasz 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Research on memes has been growing within cultural memory studies. To date, this research has largely focused on the ways in which memes transmit representations of shared pasts. This article, instead, examines how memes are used to construct cultural memory. It makes two arguments: first, that cultural memory can be engineered through memes and can take the form of texts, artefacts or practices. Second, large sets of such memes – ‘memeplexes’ – can help societies not only engage in acts of remembrance, but also help guide their future behaviours and attitudes. However, these processes are problematic, and the article discusses these tensions. The Nobel Peace Prize serves as the article’s case study, with an analysis of the Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony illustrating its arguments.
Negotiating the past in hyperconnected memory cultures: Post-Soviet nostalgia and national identity in Russian online communities
Authors: Kalinina Ekaterina , Menke Manuel 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This article presents an empirical analysis and theoretical reflections on the negotiation of memories in hyperconnected memory cultures. In order to describe the conditions of memory negotiation, we suggest using the notion of ‘hyperconnected memories’, which refers to the mediatization of memory in a nexus of contingent forms of communication. By conducting a critical discourse analysis (CDA), we show how the Soviet past is negotiated in contemporary Russia and analyse how national identity is discursively constructed alongside official narratives and individual memories. We argue that an important element in this process is nostalgia, which motivates people to join mnemonic online communities but also functions as an intermediary between cultural memory and national identity by making history a personal, sentimental matter. However, we will also demonstrate that the negotiation of official history and individual memory in mnemonic online communities does not automatically lead to emancipation from state-propagated narratives.
Memory, storytelling and the digital archive: Revitalizing community and regional identities in the virtual age
Authors: Mutibwa Daniel H. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This article discusses how the interplay between the canon, the archive and performance informs the use of digital heritage resources in the construction, interpretation, representation, circulation and preservation of cultural and/or collective memory with a view to animating community and regional identities. To this end, the article draws on a range of relevant theoretical models and ethnographic fieldwork to interrogate how the aforementioned interplay enables and encourages different approaches to meaning and memory-making through the lens of two British case study heritage projects in Stoke-on-Trent (West Midlands of England) and the Isle of Bute (West Coast of Scotland). The overarching argument is that local, alternative, bottom-up approaches to telling (hi)stories and re-enacting the past not only effectively take on a socio-political dimension directed at challenging dominant, hegemonic, institutional narratives and versions of the past, but – in doing so – they also offer new and refreshingly different ways of understanding, representing, remembering and rediscovering the past meaningfully in ways that local communities and regions can relate with.
Pre-treatment of Fulvic Acid Plays a Stimulant Role in Protection of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Leaves Against Heat and Salt Stress
Authors: Dinler Burcu Seckin , Gunduzer Esra , Tekinay Turgay 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to illuminate the effects of fulvic acid in plants’ stress signaling pathway. 2.0 mg/l fulvic acid was sprayed on soybean leaves for 3 days at 12 h intervals, followed by treatment of 150 mM NaCl or exposed to heat stress at 35°C for 2 h over 2 days. Pre-treatment with fulvic acid increased the relative water content (RWC), antioxidant enzyme, isoenzyme activities (SOD, APX, GST), as well as alleviated the stress-induced oxidative damage by decreasing the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, the application of fulvic acid under salt stress induced rubisco expression only at 12 h, while it induced the expression of cytochrome c oxidase at 6 h and 12 h. On the other hand, fulvic acid under heat stress induced significant expression of both rubisco and cytochrome c oxidase at 6 h and 12 h. However, under high salinity conditions, fulvic acid suppressed the transcript levels of Hsp70, while it induced increases in Hsp70 levels under heat treatment at 6 h. As a result, in this study, fulvic acid played the role of a regulator and stimulant in stress response of soybean leaves.
Establishment of Highly Efficient Agrobacterium Rhizogenes-mediated Transformation for Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni Explants
Authors: Michalec-Warzecha Żaneta , Pistelli Laura , D’Angiolillo Francesca , Libik-Konieczny Marta 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Leaves and internodes from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plants growing in different conditions were used for transformation with two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes: ATCC 15384 and LBA 9402. Hairy roots formation was observed and the percentage of the transformed explants depended on the type of explant, time of inoculation and inoculum concentration. Inoculation of explants from ex vitro and in vitro plants with LBA 9402 strain led to higher efficiency of transformation than inoculation with ATCC 15384 strain. Growth rate of hairy roots in liquid culture was assessed under light and dark conditions. It was found that the growth of hairy roots decreased significantly under light conditions. Transformation of hairy roots growing in different culture conditions was confirmed at the molecular level using PCR method with primers constructed against rolB and rolC genes from A. rhizogenes.
Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation Affects Expression of Genes Involved in Biosynthesis and Turnover of 2-Phenylethylamine in Maize Seedlings
Authors: Sytykiewicz Hubert , Horbowicz Marcin , Wiczkowski Wiesław , Koczkodaj Danuta , Mitrus Joanna , Sawicki Tomasz , Sławianowska Julia , Szwed Magdalena 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the influence of methyl jasmonate (MJ) vapors on accumulation of 2-phenylethylamine (PEA), phenylacetic acid (PAA) and 2-phenylethanol (PE) in leaves and roots of maize (Zea mays L. subsp. mays, saccharata group, cv. Złota Karłowa) seedlings. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression patterns of eight genes (ADH1, ADH2, AO2, CAO, PDC1, PDC2, PTA and LOX, encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and 2, primary amine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase 2, phenylalanine decarboxylase 1 and 2, phenylalanine (histidine) transaminase and lipoxygenase, respectively) involved in biosynthesis and turnover of PEA in maize tissues. In addition, the effect of MJ application on fresh biomass and growth of the tested seedlings was recorded. One-day MJ exposure increased the fresh weight of aerial parts and roots of Z. mays seedlings, whereas the opposite tendency occurred after 4-day of MJ treatment. One-day application of MJ resulted in an increase in the length of roots and its fluctuations in the aerial parts of maize plants, but extended exposure declined the growth of both parts of the seedlings. Methyl jasmonate elicitation caused various changes in the contents of PEA, PAA and PE in the maize seedlings. MJ treatments led to high upregulation of most genes, with the exception of three genes (i.e., ADH1, ADH2 and AO2) whose expression was downregulated after a 4-day exposure.
Sensitivity analysis for optimal control problems governed by nonlinear evolution inclusions
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. , Repovš Dušan D. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We consider a nonlinear optimal control problem governed by a nonlinear evolution inclusion and depending on a parameter λ. First we examine the dynamics of the problem and establish the nonemptiness of the solution set and produce continuous selections of the solution multifunction

ξ
↦

S
⁢

(
ξ
)

${\xi\mapsto S(\xi\/)}$

(ξ being the initial condition). These results are proved in a very general framework and are of independent interest as results about evolution inclusions. Then we use them to study the sensitivity properties of the optimal control problem. We show that we have Hadamard well-posedness (continuity of the value function), and we establish the continuity properties of the optimal multifunction. Finally, we present an application on a nonlinear parabolic distributed parameter system.
Chinese Word Identification and Sentence Intelligibility in Primary School Classrooms
Authors: Peng Jianxin , Jiang Peng 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The Chinese word identification and sentence intelligibility are evaluated by grades 3 and 5 students in the classrooms with different reverberation times (RTs) from three primary school under different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The relationships between subjective word identification and sentence in- telligibility scores and speech transmission index (STI) are analyzed. The results show that both Chinese word identification and sentence intelligibility scores for grades 3 and 5 students in the classroom in- creased with the increase of SNR (and STI), increased with the increase of the age of students, and decreased with the increase of RT. To achieve a 99% sentence intelligibility score, the STIs required for grades 3, grade 5 students, and adults are 0.71, 0.61, and 0.51, respectively. The required objective acoustical index determined by a certain threshold of the word identification test might be underestimated for younger children (grade 3 students) in classroom but overestimated for adults. A method based on the sentence test is more useful for speech intelligibility evaluation in classrooms than that based on the word test for different age groups. Younger children need more favorable classroom acoustical environment with a higher STI than older children and adults to achieve the optimum speech communication in the classroom.
Noise Annoyance Caused by Amplitude Modulated Sounds Resembling the Main Characteristics of Temporal Wind Turbine Noise
Authors: Hafke-Dys Honorata , Preis Anna , Kaczmarek Tomasz , Biniakowski Adam , Kleka Paweł 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Annoyance ratings for artificially created noises, resembling the main characteristics of temporal wind turbine noise, were studied by means of a listening experiment involving 21 participants with normal hearing. Three types of stimuli were examined: broadband noise (−4 dB/octave), noise generated by moving cars, and narrowband noise. All stimuli had the sound level fluctuations typical for wind turbine noise. The magnitude of the sound level fluctuations was measured in a quantitative way, by using the characteristics of amplitude modulated sound: modulation rate and modulation depth. Our aim was to examine how the modulation rate and the modulation depth influence the noise annoyance assessment of broadband and narrowband amplitude modulated noises. Three different modulation rates, 1, 2 and 4 Hz, and sound level fluctuations (a measure of the modulation depth), 3, 6, 9 dB, were applied to each type of stimuli (with exception of noise generated by the moving cars) and investigated. The participants in the listening experiment were presented with sound stimuli in laboratory conditions and asked to rate their annoyance on a numerical scale. The results have shown a significant difference between the investigated conditions. The effect was particularly strong between the annoyance judgments of different types of noise (narrow and broadband), and modulated versus unmodulated noises. Temporal fluctuations occurring in wind turbine noise are very pertinent to the perception of annoyance and could be responsible for its being a relatively annoying noise source. The obtained results were discussed and compared to the typical modulation rates and level changes that occur in recordings of real wind turbine noise.
A Signal Subspace Speech Enhancement Approach Based on Joint Low-Rank and Sparse Matrix Decomposition
Authors: Sun Chengli , Xie Jianxiao , Leng Yan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Subspace-based methods have been effectively used to estimate enhanced speech from noisy speech samples. In the traditional subspace approaches, a critical step is splitting of two invariant subspaces associated with signal and noise via subspace decomposition, which is often performed by singular-value decomposition or eigenvalue decomposition. However, these decomposition algorithms are highly sensitive to the presence of large corruptions, resulting in a large amount of residual noise within enhanced speech in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) situations. In this paper, a joint low-rank and sparse matrix decomposition (JLSMD) based subspace method is proposed for speech enhancement. In the proposed method, we firstly structure the corrupted data as a Toeplitz matrix and estimate its effective rank value for the underlying clean speech matrix. Then the subspace decomposition is performed by means of JLSMD, where the decomposed low-rank part corresponds to enhanced speech and the sparse part corresponds to noise signal, respectively. An extensive set of experiments have been carried out for both of white Gaussian noise and real-world noise. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than conventional methods in many types of strong noise conditions, in terms of yielding less residual noise and lower speech distortion.
Performance of Noise Map Service Working in Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Marciniuk Karolina , Szczodrak Maciej , Kostek Bożena 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In the paper, a noise map service designated for the user interested in environmental noise is presented. Noise prediction algorithm and source model, developed for creating acoustic maps, are working in the cloud computing environment. In the study, issues related to the noise modelling of sound propagation in urban spaces are discussed with a particular focus on traffic noise. Examples of results obtained through a web application created for that purpose are shown. In addition, these are compared to results obtained from the commercial software simulations based on two road noise prediction models. Moreover, the computing performance of the developed application is investigated and analyzed. In the paper, a flowchart simulating the operation of the noise web-based service is presented showing that the created application is easy to use even for people with little experience in computer technology.
Traffic Noise Models for Curved Roads
Authors: Popescu Diana Ioana , Cosma Ioan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The paper presents two theoretical models for traffic noise level distribution on curved horizontal roads. In the case of vehicles moving on a given route, one can consider, in terms of sound field, that the granular traffic is equivalent for short periods with a quasi-continuous noise flow. When computing and modelling the noise level generated by traffic on roads with complex trajectory, it is common to treat the route as a sum of small length road segments, each being assimilated with a linear noise source. This paper started from the assumption that the route can be decomposed into a sequence of linear and arc-shaped road segments, each of which is treated as a linear respectively curved noise source. An arc-shaped road segment is modelled by a tubular vibrating surface, of circular or rectangular section. In the case of rectangular section, the vibrating blade emits complex sounds on its both vertical sides and the generated sound field can be described more clearly, qualitatively and quantitatively, through intensity distribution. The theoretical models presented in the paper have direct application to the traffic noise prediction and noise maps drawing