bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating levels of miR-122 increase post-mortem, particularly following lethal dosing with pentobarbital sodium: implications for pre-clinical liver injury studies
Authors: Clarke Joanna I. , Forootan Shiva Seyed , Lea Jonathan D. , Howell Lawrence S. , Rodriguez Josep Monne , Kipar Anja , Goldring Christopher E. , Park B. Kevin , Copple Ian M. , Antoine Daniel J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
microRNA-122 (miR-122) is increasingly being measured in pre-clinical and clinical settings due to greater sensitivity and hepatic specificity compared to the gold standard liver injury biomarker alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In pre-clinical studies, various culling methods can be employed prior to collection of blood samples, including lethal injection with pentobarbital sodium (Pentoject). However, little is known about whether such an approach could alter the circulating levels of miR-122 and compromise the interpretation of data. We therefore exposed C57BL/6J mice to saline or the model hepatotoxin paracetamol and collected blood samples pre-cull (via tail bleed) and post-cull (via cardiac puncture following exposure to a rising concentration of CO2 or intraperitoneal injection of Pentoject). Compared to pre-cull levels there was a significant increase in serum miR-122 level in mice culled with CO2 and, to a much greater extent, in mice culled with Pentoject. As a result, whilst the serum level of miR-122 increased in Pentoject-culled animals exposed to paracetamol, the higher level in saline-treated mice rendered this difference statistically non-significant, in contrast to findings in animals culled with CO2. ALT levels were unaffected by sacrifice method. Consistent with the in vivo findings, exposure of primary mouse hepatocytes to Pentoject provoked a rapid and concentration-dependent release of miR-122 into the culture media. Thus, for optimal design and interpretation of data from pre-clinical liver injury studies in which miR-122 is to be used as a biomarker, we recommend that blood samples are collected pre-cull whenever possible, and that lethal injection with Pentoject is avoided.
Research and realisation of reciprocal electronic circuits for gas ultrasonic flow meter
Authors: Zheng Dandan , Fu Xingyi , Yang Zhibin 
Published: April 2017

The transit‐time ultrasonic flow meters often show non‐zero‐flow rate when the flow is stationary due to the variations between transducers, which results in a zero‐flow error. Moreover, the zero‐flow error may change along with the measurement environment which causes the zero‐drift error. The zero‐flow error and zero‐drift error will lead to false flow detection and influence the measurement stability at low velocities. Reciprocal operation theory has been proven to be an effective technique to eliminate zero‐flow error. Therefore, reciprocal electronic circuits for gas ultrasonic flow meter are designed in this study. The circuits are first modelled in PSpice to validate its effectiveness. It is shown that both the zero‐flow error and the zero drift are reduced significantly with the reciprocal circuits. Besides, the optimum matched resistor is determined by simulation. Second, three experiments are carried out to test the reciprocal circuits including transducers paired experiment, temperature test and flow calibration. Finally, it is verified that the reciprocal circuits can improve the measurement accuracy and stability for gas ultrasonic flow meter and the calibration results show that the gas ultrasonic flow meter (USM) with reciprocal circuits can achieve 1.0% measurement accuracy in 0.3–30 m/s.
Surgeon-Reported Needs for Improved Training in Identifying and Managing Free Flap Compromise
Authors: McMillan Catherine , D'Hondt Veerle , Marshall Alexandra , Binhammer Paul , Lipa Joan , Snell Laura 
Published: April 2017

Background This study examined the need for improved training in the identification and management of free flap (FF) compromise and assessed a potential role for simulated scenario training.
Methods Online needs assessment surveys were completed by plastic surgeons and a subsample with expertise in microsurgery education participated in focus groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and mixed qualitative methods.
Results In this study, 77 surgeons completed surveys and 11 experts participated in one of two focus groups. Forty-nine (64%) participants were educators, 65 and 45% of which reported having an insufficient volume of FF cases to adequately teach the management and identification of compromise, respectively. Forty-three percent of educators felt that graduating residents are not adequately prepared to manage FF compromise independently. Exposure to normal and abnormal FF cases was felt to be critical for effective training by focus group participants. Experts identified low failure rates, communication issues, and challenging teaching conditions as current barriers to training. Most educators (74%) felt that simulated scenario training would be “very useful” or “extremely useful” to current residents. Focus groups highlighted the need for a widely accepted algorithm for re-exploration and salvage on which to base the development of a training adjunct consisting of simulated scenarios.
Conclusion Trainee exposure to FF compromise is inadequate in existing plastic surgery programs. Early exposure, high case volume, and a standardized algorithmic approach to management with a focus on decision making may improve training. Simulated scenario training may be valuable in addressing current barriers.
Antral Follicles Count and Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels after Gonadotoxic Chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer: Cohort Study
Authors: Capp Edison , Corleta Helena von Eye , D'Avila Ângela Marcon 
Published: April 2017

Aim To assess ovarian reserve (OVR) by means of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and antral follicle count (AFC) measurement in eumenorrheic women with breast cancer, exposed to gonadotoxic chemotherapy.
Method Fifty-two women (35.3 ± 3.8 years old) with breast cancer and undergoing cyclophosphamide-containing chemotherapy were enrolled. The assessment was performed before chemotherapy (T1) and after 2 (T2) and 6 months (T3).
Results Six months after chemotherapy, the prevalence of regular cycles was 60%. Anti-Müllerian hormone decreased down to undetectable levels at T2 and T3 (T1: 2.53 [1.00–5.31]; T2 < 0.08; T3: < 0.08 [< 0.08–1.07] ng/mL), (p < 0.0001). Antral follicle count was 11 [8.0–13.5] follicles at T1 and lower at T2 (5.50 [3.75–8.0] and T3 (5.0 [2.5–7.0]) (p < 0.0001). In patients who remained with regular cycles during chemotherapy or resumed normal menses, FSH and estradiol levels remained unchanged.
Conclusion Anti-Müllerian hormone and AFC are useful as markers of OVR decline in women exposed to chemotherapy. Follicle-stimulating hormone is only adequate in women who become amenorrheic.
Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly (MCPH): An Update
Authors: Morris-Rosendahl Deborah , Kaindl Angela , Zaqout Sami 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAutosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH; MicroCephaly Primary Hereditary) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a significantly reduced head circumference present already at birth and intellectual disability. Inconsistent features include hyperactivity, an expressive speech disorder, and epilepsy. Here, we provide a brief overview on this rare disorder pertinent for clinicians.
The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Fertility in Experimental Retrocervical Endometriosis
Authors: Abreu Jaqueline Pedroso de , Rebelatto Carmen Lúcia Kuniyoshi , Savari Carolina Antunes , Capriglione Luiz Guilherme Achcar , Miyague Lye , Noronha Lucia de , Amaral Vivian Ferreira do 
Published: April 2017

Purpose To evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on fertility in experimental retrocervical endometriosis.
Methods A total of 27 New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: endometriosis, in which endometrial implants were created; mesenchymal, in which MSCs were applied in addition to the creation of endometrial implants; and control, the group without endometriosis. Fisher's exact test was performed to compare the dichotomous qualitative variables among the groups. The quantitative variables were compared by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The Mann-Whitney test was used for post-hoc multiple comparison with Boniferroni correction.
Results Regarding the beginning of the fertile period, the three groups had medians of 14 ± 12.7, 40 ± 5, and 33 ± 8.9 days respectively (p = 0.005). With regard to fertility (number of pregnancies), the endometriosis and control groups showed a rate of 77.78%, whereas the mesenchymal group showed a rate of 11.20% (p = 0.015). No differences in Keenan's histological classification were observed among the groups (p = 0.730). With regard to the macroscopic appearance of the lesions, the mesenchymal group showed the most pelvic adhesions.
Conclusion The use of MSCs in endometriosis negatively contributed to fertility, suggesting the role of these cells in the development of this disease.
Congenital Glioblastoma Multiforme: An Unusual and Challenging Tumor
Authors: Anestis Dimitrios , Ble Christina , Tsitouras Vassilios , Tsonidis Christos , Tsitsopoulos Parmenion 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCongenital glioblastoma multiforme is a rare tumor of the central nervous system with unique features. The existing evidence on its pathogenesis, genetic and molecular profile, special characteristics, treatment, and prognosis is reviewed. An increased number of antenatal diagnoses and prolonged survival for those individuals who can tolerate combined surgical resection and chemotherapy has been noted. The overall prognosis, however, remains poor. A better understanding of this unusual entity is important. Further research is needed to discern tumor's pathogenesis and natural history. This will likely lead to the development and implementation of treatment strategies that may decrease mortality and morbidity in these patients.
Subduction zone forearc serpentinites as incubators for deep microbial life
Authors: Plümper Oliver , King Helen E. , Geisler Thorsten , Liu Yang , Pabst Sonja , Savov Ivan P. , Rost Detlef , Zack Thomas 
Published: April 2017

Significance
We document organic matter encapsulated in rock clasts from a oceanic serpentinite mud volcano above the Izu–Bonin–Mariana subduction zone (Pacific Ocean). Although we cannot pinpoint the exact origin of the organic matter, chemical analysis of the constituents resembles molecular signatures that could be produced by microbial life deep within or below the mud volcano. Considering the known temperature limit for life, 122 °C, and the subduction zone forearc geotherm where such mud volcanoes are located, we estimate that life could exist as deep as ∼10,000 m below the seafloor. This is considerably deeper than other active serpentinizing regions such as midocean ridges and could have provided sheltered ecosystems for life to survive the more violent phases of Earth’s history.
Increasing honesty in humans with noninvasive brain stimulation
Authors: Maréchal Michel André , Cohn Alain , Ugazio Giuseppe , Ruff Christian C. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Honesty affects almost every aspect of social and economic life. We conducted experiments in which participants could earn considerable amounts of money by cheating on a die-rolling task. Cheating was substantial but decreased by more than one-half during transcranial direct current stimulation over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This stimulation-induced increase in honesty was functionally specific: It did not affect other types of behavioral control related to self-interest, risk-taking, and impulsivity. Moreover, cheating was only reduced when it benefited the participants themselves rather than another person. Thus, the human brain implements specialized processes that enable us to remain honest when faced with opportunities to cheat for personal material gain. Importantly, these processes can be strengthened by external interventions.
Variations in crowding, saccadic precision, and spatial localization reveal the shared topology of spatial vision
Authors: Greenwood John A. , Szinte Martin , Sayim Bilge , Cavanagh Patrick 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Our ability to see, localize, and interact with stimuli varies depending on their location in the visual field. Here we consider the source of these variations for several aspects of spatial vision: crowding (the disruption of object recognition in clutter), spatial localization, and saccadic eye movements. We observe a range of variations across both individuals and the visual field with strong correlations between all tasks. However, a number of dissociations exclude the possibility that these correlations arise from the same spatial representation of the visual field. Rather, we propose a “topology of spatial vision,” whereby idiosyncratic variations in spatial precision are established early in the visual system and inherited up to the highest levels of object recognition and motor planning.
Structural hierarchy controlling dimerization and target DNA recognition in the AHR transcriptional complex
Authors: Seok Seung-Hyeon , Lee Woojong , Jiang Li , Molugu Kaivalya , Zheng Aiping , Li Yitong , Park Sanghyun , Bradfield Christopher A. , Xing Yongna 
Published: April 2017

Significance
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is unique among PAS family transcription factors in its diverse environmental and cellular ligands and broad array of biological endpoints. AHR dimerizes with AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT) and subsequently interacts with genomic enhancers, dioxin response elements (DREs). Our crystal structure of the AHR–ARNT heterodimer in complex with DRE provides structural insights into this transcriptional complex. Our studies reveal three-dimensional structural codes for specific engagement of DRE that discriminates it from the closely related hypoxia response elements; the highly intertwined dimerization and interdomain interfaces remotely control DRE-binding and ligand-induced exposure of nuclear localization signal. The structural similarity and ramifications of the AHR, HIF, and NPAS transcriptional complexes with ARNT provide general and unique insights into PAS family transcription factors and complex AHR signaling.
El Niño and the shifting geography of cholera in Africa
Authors: Moore Sean M. , Azman Andrew S. , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Mintz Eric D. , Brunkard Joan , Legros Dominique , Hill Alexandra , McKay Heather , Luquero Francisco J. , Olson David , Lessler Justin 
Published: April 2017

Significance
In the wake of the 2015–2016 El Niño, multiple cholera epidemics occurred in East Africa, including the largest outbreak since the 1997–1998 El Niño in Tanzania, suggesting a link between El Niño and cholera in Africa. However, little evidence exists for this link. Using high-resolution mapping techniques, we found the cholera burden shifts to East Africa during and following El Niño events. Throughout Africa, cholera incidence increased three-fold in El Niño-sensitive regions, and 177 million people experienced an increase in cholera incidence. Without treatment, the case fatality rate can reach 50%, but accessible, appropriate care nearly eliminates mortality. Climatic forecasts predicting El Niño events 6–12 mo in advance could trigger public health preparations and save lives.
Dimerization of Tie2 mediated by its membrane-proximal FNIII domains
Authors: Moore Jason O. , Lemmon Mark A. , Ferguson Kathryn M. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Tie2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase with important roles in vascular development. Inhibiting Tie2 may impair tumor angiogenesis, whereas activating Tie2 may be beneficial in sepsis and inflammation. To modulate Tie2 therapeutically, it is essential to understand its regulation. Although it is known how Tie2 binds its activating ligands (angiopoietins), it is not clear how this binding (or Tie1 interactions) regulates the receptor. Here, we show that the previously unstudied Tie2 extracellular membrane-proximal region engages in receptor–receptor contacts crucial for Tie2 activation. Our data suggest that angiopoietins promote receptor clustering, utilizing Tie2–Tie2 interactions mediated by key fibronectin III domains, a unique mode of RTK activation. Blocking these Tie2–Tie2 interactions may have therapeutic value in cancer.
Floodplains as an Achilles’ heel of Amazonian forest resilience
Authors: Flores Bernardo M. , Holmgren Milena , Xu Chi , van Nes Egbert H. , Jakovac Catarina C. , Mesquita Rita C. G. , Scheffer Marten 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Climate change may alter the distribution of biomes in tropical regions with implications for biodiversity and ecosystem services. Here we reveal that if the Amazon region becomes drier as predicted, forests may collapse first on seasonally inundated areas due to their vulnerability to wildfires. The widespread distribution of floodplain forests at the western and central regions implies that fire-prone savannas may expand deep into this massive forest biome, threatening the resilience of the entire system. Our findings suggest the need for a strategic fire management plan to strengthen Amazonian forest resilience in the face of climate change.
Context-dependent spatially periodic activity in the human entorhinal cortex
Authors: Nadasdy Zoltan , Nguyen T. Peter , Török Ágoston , Shen Jason Y. , Briggs Deborah E. , Modur Pradeep N. , Buchanan Robert J. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
In the mammalian brain, neurons in the hippocampus represent unique places and neurons in the entorhinal cortex, so-called grid cells, provide an internal coordinate system of the environment. Dysfunction in this circuit causes memory problems and disorientation, which are early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. Much of what we have learned from this circuit is based on rodent studies. Here, we report that grid cells in the human brain represent space in a more environmentally adaptive manner than in rodents. Human grids show an increased scalability with the environment relative to rodents. The enhanced context dependency of spatial representations is probably a late development of evolution.
Universal modal radiation laws for all thermal emitters
Authors: Miller David A. B. , Zhu Linxiao , Fan Shanhui 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Radiation laws must relate the fraction of incident radiation absorbed by an object and the amount of radiation emitted when it is hot so that objects can come to the same temperature just by exchanging electromagnetic radiation. Such laws are fundamentally important and set limits to practical applications such as in the conversion of light to electricity and in heat and thermal management generally. Kirchhoff’s classic results work well in many situations, but fail in others (specifically for “nonreciprocal” materials), and were derived using simplified models that do not apply to modern nanotechnology and light beams. We derive revised versions of laws that avoid these problems and discover additional and unexpected radiation laws that substantially expand the fundamental relations between optical absorption and emission.
Ubiquitinated proteins promote the association of proteasomes with the deubiquitinating enzyme Usp14 and the ubiquitin ligase Ube3c
Authors: Kuo Chueh-Ling , Goldberg Alfred Lewis 
Published: April 2017

Significance
The efficient degradation of ubiquitinated proteins by 26S proteasomes is critical in maintaining protein homeostasis. Although these particles contain many subunits and associated proteins, it was unclear if proteasome composition changes when rates of proteolysis vary. We studied the proteasome content of two enzymes important in regulating proteolysis: the deubiquitinating enzyme, Usp14, and the ubiquitin ligase, Ube3c. Experiments with cells and isolated proteasomes indicated that levels of Usp14 and Ube3c on these particles correlated with their content of ubiquitinated proteins. Addition of ubiquitin conjugates to extracts stimulated rapid association of both enzymes with the particles. Thus Usp14 and Ube3c continuously cycle on and off proteasomes, and the stimulation of their association by ubiquitin conjugates represents a new mechanism regulating proteasome function.
Immunochemical engineering of cell surfaces to generate virus resistance
Authors: Xie Jia , Sok Devin , Wu Nicholas C. , Zheng Tianqing , Zhang Wei , Burton Dennis R. , Lerner Richard A. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
A method that renders cells resistant to virus infection is reported. The method is based on anchoring antibodies to cell surface virus receptors to the plasma membrane. Because of their effective molarity, the antibodies are much more effective than if they were free in the circulation. The antibodies interact with the receptors and block virus attachment. In infections with viruses such as HIV, cells rendered resistant to infection will be selected over infected cells, thereby opening the possibility of curing the infection.
Structure of a DNA glycosylase that unhooks interstrand cross-links
Authors: Mullins Elwood A. , Warren Garrett M. , Bradley Noah P. , Eichman Brandt F. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
DNA glycosylases are important repair enzymes that safeguard the integrity of the genome by excising chemically damaged DNA bases from the phosphoribose backbone. Recently, these enzymes were found to repair DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). ICLs are highly toxic DNA lesions formed by various bifunctional metabolites, environmental toxins, and chemotherapeutic agents that block normal DNA metabolism. This work describes the crystal structure of a newly discovered bacterial DNA glycosylase that repairs ICLs formed by azinomycin B, a potent antimicrobial and antitumor agent. The protein belongs to a structural superfamily prevalent in pathogenic bacteria and may serve as an important therapeutic target.
Does the Lunar Cycle Affect Reef Fish Catch Rates?
Authors: Pulver J. R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The lunar cycle was examined as a potential source of variation in CPUE for the most common commercial reef fish species captured in the Gulf of Mexico. Using fishery observer data for species captured with bottom longline and vertical line gear types, the analyses modeled CPUE with two different approaches: (1) a generalized additive model with cyclic splines to explain nonlinear variations with the 29.5-d lunar cycle; and (2) a generalized linear model using periodic regression with the sine and cosine functions to describe cyclic variations in CPUE. A lunar effect on catch rates was detected for Red Grouper Epinephelus morio and Tilefish Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps; however, no lunar effect was detected for Yellowedge Grouper Hyporthodus flavolimbatus, Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus, or Vermilion Snapper Rhomboplites aurorubens based on either method. The lunar effect in the bottom longline fishery differed between species, with increased CPUE consistently predicted to occur near the new moon for Red Grouper and to take place proximal to the full moon for Tilefish. Red Grouper captured with vertical line gear had two CPUE increases predicted around the waxing and waning lunar phases. Inconsistencies in lunar effect between gear types for Red Grouper were present, possibly due to different mechanisms affecting CPUE. Results suggest that lunar cycles influence catch rates for some of the reef fish species examined and should be considered as potential environmental covariates for standardizing nominal CPUE.
Received October 14, 2016; accepted February 2, 2017 Published online April 11, 2017