bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DPPH radical scavenging and mixture effects of plant o‐diphenols and essential oil constituents
Authors: Tsimogiannis Dimitrios , Bimpilas Andreas , Oreopoulou Vassiliki 
Published: January 2017

A series of natural compounds were examined for potential synergistic and antagonistic antiradical activities. Four natural o‐diphenolic compounds, namely quercetin, rutin, (+)‐catechin, and rosmarinic acid as well as five common essential oil components: thymol, carvacrol, thymoquinone, p‐cymene, and γ‐terpinene were studied individually and in binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures against DPPH•. The antiradical activities of the individual compounds were quantified according to the number of radicals scavenged per molecule of antioxidant and the EC50 parameter. Also, the different reaction patterns resulting to different stoichiometries are discussed. In binary and higher systems an additive effect was observed with any combination of the o‐diphenols. The monoterpenoid phenols carvacrol and thymol presented low DPPH radical scavenging activity and antagonistic interactions with the o‐diphenols, partially attributed to equilibrium phenomena. The rest essential oil components were inactive and did not interfere in the overall antiradical activity of any combination.Practical applications: Plant extracts can be used as antioxidants for lipid foods or combined with essential oils that provide antimicrobial protection. They contain a variety of active compounds, which might interact and affect the overall antioxidant activity. The present work examines the radical scavenging activity of the basic constituents of extracts, essential oils, and their mixtures. The results could have an impact on the production of natural antioxidants, since a cost effective industrial process involves the recovery of a multicomponent fraction rather than the isolation of single antioxidants. Also, they can be useful to estimate the antiradical activity of multicomponent herbal supplements.The antiradical activities of o‐diphenols commonly found in natural extracts (quercetin, rutin, (+)‐catechin, and rosmarinic acid) and essential oil components (thymol, carvacrol, thymoquinone, p‐cymene, and γ‐terpinene) were studied individually and in binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures. An additive effect was observed with any combination of the o‐diphenols. Among the essential oil components, the monoterpenoid phenols carvacrol and thymol presented low DPPH radical scavenging activity and antagonistic interactions with the o‐diphenols partially attributed to equilibrium phenomena, while the rest were inactive and did not interfere in the overall antiradical activity of any combination.
Titania Nanotubes Decorated with Zn‐Doped Titania Nanoparticles as the Photoanode Electrode of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Mokarami Ghartavol H. , Afshar A. , Mohammadi M. R. , Chau‐Nan Hong F. , Jeng Yeau‐Ren 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe decorated Zn‐doped TiO2‐nanoparticle‐based photoanodes with carbon nanotube (CNT)‐derived TiO2 nanotubes (TNs) to enhance the power conversion efficiency of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis verified that Zn ions, in the range of 0 to 1 at %, were successfully doped into the TiO2 lattice. Field‐emission SEM and TEM images of the TNs, as derived from the sol–gel template‐assisted route, revealed that a uniform TiO2 coating with a thickness of 60 to 120 nm was deposited on the surface of the CNT template through a noncovalent route. We observed that the cell efficiency improved from 6.80 for pure TiO2 to 7.52 for 0.75 at % Zn‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles due to a reduction in charge recombination and enhancement in electron injection, as confirmed by using photoluminescence spectroscopy. Further improvements in the efficiency of up to 8.47 % were achieved by the incorporation of 5 wt % TNs into the Zn‐doped TiO2 photoanodes, as a result of enhancements in electron transport and light scattering, which was verified by using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
Evaluating carbon storage on subalpine lake deltas
Authors: Scott Daniel N. , Wohl Ellen E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMountainous regions are important contributors to the terrestrial organic carbon (OC) sink that affect global climate through the regulation of carbon‐based greenhouse gases. However, mountain OC dynamics are poorly quantified. We quantified OC storage in subalpine lake deltas in the Washington Central Cascades and Colorado Front Range with the objectives of determining the magnitude of transient carbon storage and understanding the differences in storage between the two ranges. We used field, laboratory, and GIS techniques to determine the magnitude of and controls on the subalpine lake delta OC pool in 26 subalpine lake deltas. Soil moisture, soil texture, mean basin slope, and delta valley confinement are significantly correlated with soil carbon on deltas. Average soil OC concentration on subalpine lake deltas ranges from 3 to 41%, and stocks range from 140 to 1256 Mg C/ha. Surprisingly, the carbon content of subalpine lake deltas is not significantly different between the two regions, despite stark contrasts in their climate, vegetation, and total ecosystem carbon stocks. We present a conceptual model that invokes geomorphic and biogeochemical processes to suggest that carbon is more likely to reach subalpine lake deltas from the upstream basin in the Colorado Front Range compared with the Washington Central Cascades, thus accounting for the similarity in OC storage between the two regions despite differences in total ecosystem carbon stocks and climate. This points to a complex interaction among carbon production, transport, and stability in each region, and supports the idea that geomorphic and biogeochemical processes determine the magnitude of transient OC storage more strongly than primary productivity or climate. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uptake and elimination kinetics of the biocide triclosan and the synthetic musks galaxolide and tonalide in the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta when exposed to sewage sludge
Authors: Havranek Ivo , Coutris Claire , Norli Hans Ragnar , Rivier Pierre-Adrien , Joner Erik J. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Sewage sludge is an important amendment that enriches soils with organic matter and provides plants with nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. However, knowledge on the fate and effects of organic pollutants present in the sludge on soil organisms is limited. In the present study, the uptake of triclosan, galaxolide, and tonalide in the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta was measured 1 wk after amendment of agricultural soil with sewage sludge, while elimination kinetics were assessed over a 21-d period after transferring worms to clean soil. After 1-wk exposure, earthworms had accumulated 2.6 ± 0.6 μg g−1 galaxolide, 0.04 ± 0.02 μg g−1 tonalide, and 0.6 ± 0.2 μg g−1 triclosan. Both synthetic musks were efficiently excreted and below the limit of quantification after 3 and 14 d of depuration for tonalide and galaxolide, respectively. Triclosan concentrations, on the other hand, did not decrease significantly over the depuration period, which may lead to the transfer of triclosan in the food web. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2068–2073. © 2017 SETAC
Link‐layer security in TSCH networks: effect on slot duration
Authors: Sciancalepore Savio , Vučinić Mališa , Piro Giuseppe , Boggia Gennaro , Watteyne Thomas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe IEEE802.15.4e‐2012 standard is widely used in multi‐hop wireless industrial Internet of things applications. In the time‐slotted channel hopping mode, nodes are synchronised, and time is cut into timeslots. A schedule orchestrates all communications, resulting in high reliability and low power operations. A timeslot must be long enough for a node to send a data frame to its neighbour, and for that neighbour to send back an acknowledgement. Shorter timeslots enable higher bandwidth and lower latency, yet the minimal timeslot duration is limited by how long link‐layer security operations take. We evaluate the overhead of link‐layer security in time‐slotted channel hopping networks in terms of minimal timeslot length, memory footprint and energy consumption. We implement full link‐layer security on a range of hardware platforms, exploring different hardware/software implementation strategies. Through an extensive measurement campaign, we quantify the advantage of hardware accelerations for link‐layer security and show how the minimal duration of a timeslot varies between 9 and 88ms for the most common configuration, depending on hardware support. Furthermore, we also highlighted the impact that the timeslot duration has on both high‐level application design and energy consumption. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data, disease and diplomacy: GISAID's innovative contribution to global health
Authors: Elbe Stefan , Buckland‐Merrett Gemma 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe international sharing of virus data is critical for protecting populations against lethal infectious disease outbreaks. Scientists must rapidly share information to assess the nature of the threat and develop new medical countermeasures. Governments need the data to trace the extent of the outbreak, initiate public health responses, and coordinate access to medicines and vaccines. Recent outbreaks suggest, however, that the sharing of such data cannot be taken for granted – making the timely international exchange of virus data a vital global challenge. This article undertakes the first analysis of the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data as an innovative policy effort to promote the international sharing of genetic and associated influenza virus data. Based on more than 20 semi‐structured interviews conducted with key informants in the international community, coupled with analysis of a wide range of primary and secondary sources, the article finds that the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data contributes to global health in at least five ways: (1) collating the most complete repository of high‐quality influenza data in the world; (2) facilitating the rapid sharing of potentially pandemic virus information during recent outbreaks; (3) supporting the World Health Organization's biannual seasonal flu vaccine strain selection process; (4) developing informal mechanisms for conflict resolution around the sharing of virus data; and (5) building greater trust with several countries key to global pandemic preparedness.
Global health governance in the sustainable development goals: Is it grounded in the right to health?
Authors: Van de Pas Remco , Hill Peter S. , Hammonds Rachel , Ooms Gorik , Forman Lisa , Waris Attiya , Brolan Claire E. , McKee Martin , Sridhar Devi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the extent to which global health governance – in the context of the early implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals is grounded in the right to health. The essential components of the right to health in relation to global health are unpacked. Four essential functions of the global health system are assessed from a normative, rights‐based, analysis on how each of these governance functions should operate. These essential functions are: the production of global public goods, the management of externalities across countries, the mobilization of global solidarity, and stewardship. The paper maps the current reality of global health governance now that the post‐2015 Sustainable Development Goals are beginning to be implemented. In theory, the existing human rights legislation would enable the principles and basis for the global governance of health beyond the premise of the state. In practice, there is a governance gap between the human rights framework and practices in global health and development policies. This gap can be explained by the political determinants of health that shape the governance of these global policies. Current representations of the right to health in the Sustainable Development Goals are insufficient and superficial, because they do not explicitly link commitments or right to health discourse to binding treaty obligations for duty‐bearing nation states or entitlements by people. If global health policy is to meaningfully contribute to the realization of the right to health and to rights based global health governance then future iterations of global health policy must bridge this gap. This includes scholarship and policy debate on the structure, politics, and agency to overcome existing global health injustices.
Bioethics in the law
Authors: Shapiro Zachary E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe role of law in bioethics is clear. Laws are enforcement tools: they govern which conditions qualify an individual for disability benefits, or what oversight is necessary for clinical trial protocols, or how patent applications for medical devices should be regulated. I initially studied the law in order to enhance my work in bioethics, but in examining how the law works, I have become convinced that the converse opportunity also exists: there are many areas of law that would benefit from greater input from those in the bioethics community.
Surface‐based vertexwise analysis of morphometry and microstructural integrity for white matter tracts in diffusion tensor imaging: With application to the corpus callosum in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tang Xiaoying , Qin Yuanyuan , Zhu Wenzhen , Miller Michael I. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this article, we present a unified statistical pipeline for analyzing the white matter (WM) tracts morphometry and microstructural integrity, both globally and locally within the same WM tract, from diffusion tensor imaging. Morphometry is quantified globally by the volumetric measurement and locally by the vertexwise surface areas. Meanwhile, microstructural integrity is quantified globally by the mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and trace values within the specific WM tract and locally by the FA and trace values defined at each vertex of its bounding surface. The proposed pipeline consists of four steps: (1) fully automated segmentation of WM tracts in a multi‐contrast multi‐atlas framework; (2) generation of the smooth surface representations for the WM tracts of interest; (3) common template surface generation on which the localized morphometric and microstructural statistics are defined and a variety of statistical analyses can be conducted; (4) multiple comparison correction to determine the significance of the statistical analysis results. Detailed herein, this pipeline has been applied to the corpus callosum in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with significantly decreased FA values and increased trace values, both globally and locally, being detected in patients with AD when compared to normal aging populations. A subdivision of the corpus callosum in both hemispheres revealed that the AD pathology primarily affects the body and splenium of the corpus callosum. Validation analyses and two multiple comparison correction strategies are provided. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1875–1893, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic review of same‐day discharge after minimally invasive hysterectomy
Authors: Korsholm Malene , Mogensen Ole , Jeppesen Mette M. , Lysdal Vibeke K. , Traen Koen , Jensen Pernille T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundSame‐day discharge has been suggested to safe and acceptable following minimally invasive hysterectomy.ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of same‐day discharge following minimally invasive hysterectomy and to identify associated factors.Search strategyMedline, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched using the terms “same day discharge”, “minimally invasive surgery”, and “hysterectomy” between October 1 and October 31, 2015. No language or publication date restrictions were included.Selection criteriaRandomized controlled trials and observational studies evaluating same‐day discharge before midnight on the day of minimally invasive hysterectomy were included.Data collection and analysisStudy characteristics, pre‐operative selection criteria, and predictive factors for same‐day discharge were analyzed.Main resultsThere were 15 observational studies with 11 992 patients included. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the studies, and publication and selection bias could have potentially affected the results. All the studies concluded that same‐day discharge was feasible. However, some factors were associated with a decreased possibility of same‐day discharge; these were older age, beginning surgery later than 1:00 pm and completing surgery later than 6:00 pm, longer duration of operation, and high estimated blood loss.ConclusionsSame‐day discharge appears feasible for a majority of patients who undergo minimally invasive hysterectomies if adequate emphasis is placed on pre‐surgical planning and careful patient selection.
Implementation of a modified obstetric early warning system to improve the quality of obstetric care in Zimbabwe
Authors: Merriel Abi , Murove Bobb T. , Merriel Samuel W.D. , Sibanda Thabani , Moyo Sikangezile , Crofts Joanna 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo implement a modified obstetric early warning system (MOEWS) to promote identification and stabilization of unwell women.MethodsA before‐and‐after study of MOEWS implementation took place between April 2013 and January 2014 in a government referral hospital in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. After piloting MOEWS, cesarean case files were retrospectively assessed to compare preoperative stabilization. A longitudinal “spot‐check” study measured use of MOEWS and action taken on abnormal results. A quality indicator was introduced to assess ongoing implementation.ResultsAnalysis of women undergoing cesarean before (n=79) and after (n=85) MOEWS implementation showed that preoperative stabilization improved significantly post‐intervention (odds ratio 2.78, 95% confidence interval 1.39–5.54). The longitudinal analysis of women at baseline (n=43) and after (n=85) MOEWS implementation also showed a significant improvement in action taken (1/24 [4%] vs 28/45 [62%]; P=0.001). The 6‐month aggregated quality indicator revealed that 78 (62%) of 125 patients had a completed MOEWS chart, with appropriate stabilization of 65 (93%) of 70 women.ConclusionImplementation of MOEWS improved women's care through action being taken on abnormal observations. Before whole‐scale adoption of MOEWS in low‐resource settings, the study should be scaled up and repeated to ensure replicable findings.
Negative HPV testing among patients with biopsy‐proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 or cervical cancer
Authors: González‐Bosquet Eduardo , Fernandez Sergi , Sabra Sally , Lailla Jose M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the proportion of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 (CIN 2/3) despite testing negative for HPV.MethodsA prospective study was conducted at a university hospital in Barcelona, Spain, between March 2003 and January 2015 among women with abnormal cytology results according to the Bethesda classification system. All participants underwent HPV testing, cytology, and colposcopy.ResultsAmong 1376 participants, 609 (44.3%) were diagnosed with CIN 2/3. Of these women, 74 (12.2%) tested negative for HPV. Among 479 women with colposcopy‐guided biopsy sampling showing CIN 2/3, cone biopsy results that were negative for CIN 2/3 were more frequent among patients with negative HPV testing (13/61 [21.3%]) than among those with positive HPV tests (58/418 [13.9%]; P=0.03). Additionally, among 59 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer, 9 (15.3%) tested negative for HPV.ConclusionThe HPV test was negative for 12% and 15% of patients diagnosed with biopsy‐proven CIN 2/3 and cervical cancer, respectively.
Effects of an intervention initiated by a national society to improve postabortion care in rural facilities in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kiemtoré Sibraogo , Zamané Hyacinthe , Kaïn Danlotoma P. , Sawadogo Yobi A. , Ouédraogo Issa , Ouédraogo Ali , Lankoandé Jean 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the results of an intervention by the Societé de Gynécologues et Obstétriciens du Burkina (SOGOB) to improve postabortion care (PAC) in rural areas of Burkina Faso.MethodsFrom June 1, 2012, to May 31, 2013, SOGOB increased capacity for PAC by providing training in health care and equipment to 45 rural health facilities. Performance in PAC in the year before intervention (June 1, 2011, to May 31, 2012) was compared with that in the year following intervention (June 1, 2013, to May 31, 2014).ResultsThe number of cases of incomplete abortion managed within a year increased from 1812 before the intervention to 2738 afterwards. Before capacity building, none of the health facilities was using misoprostol for management of incomplete abortion. After capacity building, misoprostol was used in 805 (29.4%) cases. The use of inappropriate methods to empty the uterus decreased (27.5% [498/1812] vs 1.4% [38/2738]; P<0.001). The frequencies of uterine perforation and pelvic infection also decreased (P≤0.01 for both). In the year after implementation, 2035 (78.3%) of 2600 women had taken up a family planning method before leaving the facility.ConclusionSOGOB's intervention has improved the quality of PAC in rural health facilities in Burkina Faso.
Decreased rates of shoulder dystocia and brachial plexus injury via an evidence‐based practice bundle
Authors: Sienas Laura E. , Hedriana Herman L. , Wiesner Suzanne , Pelletreau Barbara , Wilson Machelle D. , Shields Laurence E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether a standardized approach to identify pregnant women at risk for shoulder dystocia (SD) is associated with reduced incidence of SD and brachial plexus injury (BPI).MethodsBetween 2011 and 2015, prospective data were collected from 29 community‐based hospitals in the USA during implementation of an evidence‐based practice bundle, including an admission risk assessment, required “timeout” before operative vaginal delivery (OVD), and low‐fidelity SD drills. All women with singleton vertex pregnancies admitted for vaginal delivery were included. Rates of SD, BPI, OVD, and cesarean delivery were compared between a baseline period (January 2011–September 2013) and an intervention period (October 2013–June 2015), during which there was a system‐wide average bundle compliance of 90%.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the incidence of SD (17.6%; P=0.028), BPI (28.6%; P=0.018), and OVD (18.0%; P<0.001) after implementation of the evidence‐based practice bundle. There was a nonsignificant reduction in primary (P=0.823) and total (P=0.396) cesarean rates, but no association between SD drills and incidence of BPI.ConclusionImplementation of a standard evidence‐based practice bundle was found to be associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of SD and BPI. Utilization of low‐fidelity drills was not associated with a reduction in BPI.