bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘The Subject and Power’ – Four Decades Later: Tracing Foucault’s Evolving Concept of Subjectivation
Authors: Villadsen Kaspar 
Published: October 2024

Michel Foucault’s essay ‘The Subject and Power’ has seen four decades. It is the most quoted of Foucault’s shorter texts and exerts a persistent influence across the social sciences and humanities. The essay merges two main trajectories of Foucault’s research in the 1970s: his genealogies of legal-disciplinary power and his studies of pastoral power and governance. This article connects these two trajectories to Althusser’s thesis on the ideological state apparatuses, demonstrating affinities between Althusser’s thesis and Foucault’s diagnosis of the welfare state as a ‘matrix’ of individualising and totalising power. The article suggests that Foucault’s essay straddles between two different concepts of subjectivation. First, one encounters the citizen ‘internally subjugated’ by disciplinary and pastoral power, whereas, at the end, we find a ‘flat’ subject of governance; a form of power which intervenes only in the environment in which individuals make their rational, self-fashioning choices. The implication of Foucault’s newfound concept of governance is a weakening of the link between subjectivation and the formation of the state, which also meant that the state’s role in reproducing capitalism receded into the background of Foucauldian scholarship. Finally, the article suggests extending Foucault’s analytical ‘matrix’ to current techniques of subjectivation associated with the advent of big data and artificial intelligence, which buttress the expansive technique of predictive profiling.
Medicina y literatura II
Authors: C E Rougier 
Published: October 2024

En una primera mirada, medicina y literatura parecieran no tener mayor conexión, sin embargo, no es tan así. A la medicina se la define como ciencia, pero también como arte; atributo ya aludido en el primer aforismo redactado por ese griego ilustre llamado Hipócrates a quien se lo reconoce como el padre de la medicina. Entonces a través del arte, cualidad intrínseca de la literatura y rasgo más que necesario en la medicina, es que ambas disciplinas tienen un terreno cultural compartido, vínculo estrecho que sirve de vehículo para desarrollar empatía, incrementar el conocimiento humano y promover la reflexión moral. Esto es muy apreciado, aunque, en el fragor de la realidad, a veces, su expresión encuentra algunas dificultades.
La medicina, en los últimos cincuenta años alcanzó, en el plano científico y técnico, un crecimiento exponencial lo que dio origen a un médico dotado con un caudal de conocimientos muy potente en el sector biológico, formal, organicista, pero que lamentablemente durante su formación no ha sido capacitado con igual enjundia para apreciar el componente vitalmente humano, que cada paciente trae a la consulta. Carecer de este recurso, hace escasa su habilidad y predisposición para obtener datos, que con frecuencia son muy indispensables, para sostener el diagnóstico y encarar la solución de la anomalía o enfermedad que el sujeto padece.
Estudio comparativo de la conformación de conductos curvos simulados instrumentados con VDW. Rotate y ProTaper Gold
Authors: S Collino , P Barea , R Higa , G Martín 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: Con el advenimiento de la instrumentación mecanizada, aparecieron en el mercado diferentes sistemas de conformación, fabricados con diversas aleaciones, diseños, con mayor flexibilidad y varias cinemáticas. Estos producen una preparación más centrada, reducen riesgos de transportación, perforaciones y permiten preservar mayor cantidad de dentina que la instrumentación manual.
OBJETIVO: Comparar la conformación de conductos curvos simulados (CCS) instrumentados con los sistemas VDW.Rotate™ y ProTaper Gold™. ESPECÍFICOS: 1-Evaluar el ángulo de curvatura de los CCS posterior a la instrumentación con los sistemas VDW.Rotate™ y ProTaper Gold™ en tercio cervical, medio y apical. 2-Determinar la capacidad de transportación y centrado en los tres tercios de los CCS entre dichos sistemas.
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron 20 bloques de resina acrílica con CCS, divididos en dos grupos de 10 bloques cada uno. En el grupo VDW.Rotate™ los conductos se conformaron con el sistema VDW.Rotate™, y en el grupo ProTaper Gold™ se instrumentaron con las limas recién mencionadas. Ambos sistemas se usaron con movimiento de rotación continua y fueron impulsados con motor X-Smart Plus (Dentsply Sirona), siguiendo un estricto protocolo. Los bloques se escanearon antes y después de ser instrumentados, con el escáner gráfico HP-G3110. Se respetó la misma posición y orientación de los bloques pre y post instrumentación, mediante el software para morfometría Image Pro-Plus v.6. Para la evaluación, los conductos fueron divididos en tres tercios: cervical, medio y apical. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados mediante Modelo Lineal General Mixto. Se utilizó el soft estadístico InfoStat y en todos los casos el nivel de significación fue del 5%.
RESULTADOS: Al considerar la variación de curvatura de todo el conducto, VDW.Rotate™ registró las mayores diferencias en contraste con ProTaper Gold™. Este último registró mayor transportación en el tercio coronario y medio a ambos lados del conducto. En el tercio medio, sobre la pared externa de la curvatura, el comportamiento fue semejante en ambos. En el tercio apical, se observó mayor transportación sobre la pared externa de la curvatura, con VDW.Rotate™. Se verificaron diferencias significativas entre sistemas de instrumentación al considerar los tramos coronario y medio del conducto (p=0,01 y p=0,002 respectivamente). En el tercio apical, las diferencias no resultaron estadísticamente significativas. CONCLUSIÓN: Ambos sistemas transportaron en el CCS y presentaron comportamientos similares considerando la curvatura total del conducto. En el tercio apical hubo una tendencia a mayor rectificación con el sistema VDW.Rotate™, especialmente sobre la pared externa del conducto.
La bioética en las investigaciones sin fines registrables
Authors: N Crim 
Published: October 2024

La historia de la medicina fue escrita por médicos e investigadores que abocaron su vida a la incansable búsqueda de hechos curiosos que presenciaron o que descubrieron en su praxis. La investigación en medicina en sus orígenes fue algo caótica, y pobremente regida por métodos
Con el advenimiento del método científico en el siglo XVII se logró un consenso en la forma de realizar, documentar y divulgar los experimentos, y de esa manera favorecer la reproducibilidad. El método científico empieza a tomar relevancia en el área de la física, con Isaac Newton, y luego se fue empleado en otras ciencias, como la medicina.
Evaluación de la satisfacción de los estudiantes de medicina con las actividades de simulación
Authors: Methodo Revista , D G Freille , M D R Barello , P B Senatore 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: El progreso de la ciencia médica y la tecnología han generado un aumento en la demanda de profesionales de la salud altamente cualificados. Esto se debe a las expectativas cada vez más altas de la sociedad en cuanto a la seguridad del paciente y la calidad de la atención médica. Como resultado, las instituciones educativas se enfrentan a una presión creciente para preparar de manera más efectiva a los futuros médicos.
En respuesta a esta necesidad, la simulación clínica ha surgido como una valiosa estrategia educativa. Su objetivo es recrear situaciones médicas de manera realista, sin exponer a los pacientes a riesgos innecesarios. A través de la simulación, los estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud pueden adquirir conocimientos y habilidades de manera significativa: practicar en un entorno seguro, recibiendo retroalimentación constructiva que les permite mejorar continuamente.
OBJETIVO: Evaluar mediante la escala de ESECS, que ya ha sido validada en otros centros de similares características, la satisfacción de los estudiantes de Medicina con respecto a las experiencias clínicas simuladas.
MATERIAL Y METODO: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo sobre la población de estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba que realizaron actividades de simulación en el Hospital Simulado San José durante el periodo lectivo 2022-2023. Fueron incluidos un total de 309 alumnos que participaron de una encuesta con 17 ítems que valoraban las áreas cognitivas, prácticas y de realismo de la simulación.
RESULTADOS: Participaron un total de 309 estudiantes, siendo un 62.8% (N=194) femeninos y un 37.2% (N=115) masculinos.
Se evaluaron 17 ítems que forman la escala ESECS en la cual los alumnos le otorgan a cada respuesta un puntaje del 1-10 y luego se promedian las respuestas. La valoración media fue de 7.90 (IC95% 7.67-8.13) y la mediana de 8 (IC95% 7.77-8.23). El puntaje mayor lo obtuvo la calidad de los simuladores (V=8.39 IC95% 8.17-8.62) y el puntaje menor fue la motivación previa para asistir a los prácticos (V=7.49 IC95% 7.26-7.72).
CONCLUSIÓN: La satisfacción significativa expresada por los estudiantes de Medicina de la UCC respecto a la simulación clínica y la integración de nuevas tecnologías es motivo de aliento para el equipo docente. Este feedback impulsa a profundizar en la implementación de estas herramientas como parte integral de la enseñanza y el entrenamiento, con el fin de convertir el conocimiento teórico en habilidades prácticas que potencien la seguridad del paciente. En este sentido, el Centro se ha propuesto destacar a la simulación clínica como un pilar fundamental en la formación de profesionales de la salud en el país, buscando consolidar su posición como un modelo educativo de vanguardia.
Finite element analysis shows minimal stability difference between individualized mini-hemilaminectomy–corpectomy and partial lateral corpectomy in a dog model
Authors: Kikuchi Yuki , Shimada Masakazu , Takahashi Fumitaka , Yamaguchi Shinya , Hara Yasushi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Use finite element analysis to evaluate the biomechanical effects of spinal decompression procedures in healthy Beagle dogs, comparing individualized mini-hemilaminectomy–corpectomy (iMHC), mini-hemilaminectomy, partial lateral corpectomy (PLC), and hemilaminectomy.

METHODS
A finite element model of the L1-L2 functional spinal unit was generated using CT data. For each decompression model, loads were applied in 0.2-Nm steps (maximum, 2.0 Nm) in 6 directions: flexion, extension, right and left lateral bending, and right and left axial rotation. The L1 spinous process tip displacement angle was quantified numerically.

RESULTS
Among the 4 techniques, mini-hemilaminectomy exhibited the smallest displacement angles across all directions. Hemilaminectomy exhibited the largest displacement angles in extension, flexion, right rotation, and left rotation across all techniques. Left and right lateral bending displacement angles were marginally larger for iMHC than for hemilaminectomy at 0.4 Nm; however, at 2.0 Nm, displacement angles were similar.

CONCLUSIONS
Mini-hemilaminectomy minimizes functional spinal unit instability to the greatest extent. Hemilaminectomy is more unstable than iMHC and PLC in flexion, extension, and rotation. Mini-hemilaminectomy–corpectomy and PLC are more unstable than hemilaminectomy in lateral bending, with iMHC being slightly more unstable than PLC or nearly equal.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Mini-hemilaminectomy minimizes instability to the greatest extent in cases of ventrolateral spinal compression. In cases of ventral spinal compression, iMHC may be preferable to PLC for providing equivalent stability without impeding spinal cord visualization, but both techniques can cause instability depending on loading direction, so careful attention to postoperative instability is necessary when excessive vertebral body resection is involved.
Correlation of geriatric assessment and outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia in elderly patients
Authors: El Razzaz Mostafa Kamal , Ahmed Tamer Mohamed , Magdy Hebatullah , Dawod Ramadan Eid , Mansour Basma Saeid 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Frailty is a vulnerable susceptibility to stressors during aging. Assessment of frailty could help make appropriate management plans and early interventions. Geriatric 8 (G8) is a screening tool designed to identify those at risk for frailty who need a more detailed assessment, while Geriatric Assessment in Hematology (GAH) is a multidimensional assessment similar to the comprehensive assessment designed specifically for patients with hematological malignancies.

Methods
Thirty-two newly diagnosed elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, with a mean age of 64.9 years, were assessed by G8 and GAH scores to be reclassified into 16 frail patients and 16 non-frail patients. The disease progression, hospital stay, complications, overall survival, and mortality rates in both groups were followed for 6 months.

Results
Comorbidities with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) were significantly higher in frail patients compared to non-frail patients; also, the ECOG performance score was significantly higher in frail patients compared to the non-frail patients. At 6 months of evaluation, non-frail patients had better overall response compared to frail patients, on using both G8 and GAH scores. At 1, 3, and 6 months of evaluation, the frail patients group exhibited a significantly higher mortality rate than the non-frail group. In our study, median hospitalization of non-frail group was significantly higher than that of frail group and total incidence of complications did not reveal a significant correlation with patient's frailty status.

Conclusion
Based on G8 and GAH scores, frail AML patients were more likely to have a higher incidence of early mortality and lower overall survival compared to non-frail patients.
The importance of communicating bad news in medical education
Authors: Goumas Georgios , Dardavesis Theodoros I , Syrigos Konstantinos , Syrigos Nikolaos , Vathiotis Ioannis , Simou Effie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Effective communication between doctors and patients is crucial, especially when delivering bad news that can impact a person's present and future expectations. However, acquiring optimal skills in breaking bad news requires the incorporation of multiple professional competencies that are acquired gradually through years of training. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of existing literature on medical education programs and interventions aiming to improve communication skills and to critically evaluate the effectiveness of such training.

Patients and Methods
We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, searching PubMed and Scopus databases in February 2023, using the key words “medical education,” “breaking bad news,” and “end of life communication.”

Results
Our search yielded 21 relevant studies, with 12 randomized studies indicating improvements in trainees found in PubMed, while four Scopus studies referred to workshops and seminars that increased participants’ confidence in various communication areas. Furthermore, eight studies referred to training courses on communication techniques that helped medical students and health professionals develop confidence in breaking bad news skills. One study utilized interactive theater and role play with professional actors to teach breaking bad news to medical students, which can be a potentially powerful tool for teaching breaking bad news during medical education. One study showed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted health education due to social distancing.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that training physicians at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels in communication skills for breaking bad news can be beneficial for both physicians and patients. However, limitations exist in reaching definitive conclusions. As digital learning has emerged in health-care education during the post-COVID-19 period, digital solutions have also been examined for training in the communication of bad news.
Multicriteria analysis as a method for engaging stakeholders and citizens in activities aimed at supporting climate resilience and adaptation to climate change – Gdansk Coastal City Living Lab case study
Authors: Barańczuk Jacek , Masik Grzegorz , Barańczuk Katarzyna , Meulenberg Cécil J.W. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, we aimed to present solutions to mitigate the effects of climate change, summer torrential rain, and pluvial flooding. Within the Gdańsk living lab, a multicriteria analysis (MCA) was performed to assess the implementation of ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) options for the city of Gdańsk. The results show an assessment of the stakeholders’ acceptability and local knowledge of selected EBA options including rainwater gardens, water parks, retention ponds, green roofs, green walls, community gardens, urban farming and tree plantation. All the proposed EBAs were generally accepted during an online living lab stakeholder meeting. However, EBA solutions that were less intrusive on the natural landscape were preferred over large structures. Yet during the consecutive physical workshop with identified stakeholder composition, there was a higher level of approval for large structures to reduce the level of flood risk, indicating that face-to-face meetings significantly influence the choice of measures during MCA procedures. This has highlighted the importance of physical meetings of MCA for selecting proper implementation options.
Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the lung with rapid transition to multiple myeloma : A rare case report and brief literature review
Authors: English Kevan , Leon Dianalyn De , Kaldas Sandra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas (SEPs) are disease entities characterized by the local proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells, representing less than 6% of plasma cell tumors. They typically produce monoclonal immunoglobulin and are usually found in the head, neck, and, less commonly, in the lungs. SEP, in rare instances, can transition to multiple myeloma (MM) with an estimated risk between 8 and 31%.

Case Presentation
We report the case of a 72-year-old woman who sought medical attention at the emergency department due to acute onset dyspnea and syncope. Laboratory results revealed elevated creatinine, hypercalcemia, and anemia, all of which were absent at a hospitalization three months prior for tuberculosis. A chest x-ray showed a right upper lobe opacity, and a computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated an apical lung mass with calcifications. A CT-guided needle aspiration of the mass indicated SEP. Bone marrow biopsy subsequently confirmed MM. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit and treated with chemotherapy; however, following a complicated hospital course, she died.

Discussion
SEPs are an exceedingly rare form of malignancy with the potential for conversion to MM. Although the likelihood of transformation to MM in months is rare, we call for attention to the possibility of such transition and the clinical prognosis of patients with SEP. Prompt and aggressive treatment is essential, and this, to our knowledge, is the first case of conversion to MM in less than four months following the initial diagnosis of SEP of the lung.
Microscopic Thyroidectomy and Its Outcomes: Retrospective Analysis of 25 Cases
Authors: Palled Kavitha Prakash 
Published: October 2024

Objectives:
To evaluate the clinical outcomes of 25 patients undergoing microscopic thyroidectomy, focusing on demographic details, perioperative complications, and postoperative results, with specific attention to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy and hypocalcaemia.

Material and Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted at Apollo Hospital, Mysore, on 25 patients who underwent microscopic thyroidectomy. Demographic data (age, gender, and diagnosis) were recorded. Postoperative complications, such as RLN palsy and hypocalcaemia, were assessed through clinical evaluation, direct laryngoscopy, and biochemical markers. Data were analyzed and presented in tabular form.

Results:
Of the 25 patients, 18 were female (72%) and 7 were male (28%), with an average age of 48.2 years. Diagnoses included 16 benign (64%) and 9 malignant (36%) cases. Transient hypocalcaemia occurred in 3 patients (12%) and transient RLN palsy in 1 patient (4%), both resolving within three months. No permanent complications were noted. The average operative time was 110 minutes (95 minutes for hemithyroidectomy, 130 minutes for total thyroidectomy). Average intraoperative blood loss was 35 mL, and the average hospital stay was 2.5 days. Histopathological analysis confirmed clear margins in all malignant cases.

Conclusion:
Microscopic thyroidectomy is a safe and effective procedure with minimal complications, particularly in preserving the RLN and parathyroid glands. Its precision leads to faster recovery and favorable postoperative outcomes, making it a valuable option in thyroid surgery.
TAX REFORM IN INDONESIA: THE TRANSFORMATION FROM DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF TAXES TO THE STATE REVENUE AGENCY
Authors: Sukarno Edy 
Published: October 2024

Objective: This article is a critical review of tax reform in Indonesia which began in the early 1980s with various fundamental changes such as the formation of new laws, the start of the self-assessment tax collection system, organizational structure reform, modernization of the taxpayer service system. However, in reality, Indonesia's tax ratio, especially in the last 10 years, is still quite low compared to neighboring countries in ASEAN.

Theoretical Framework: Positive theoretical relationship between tax revenue, tax ratio, tax reform and agenda setting of the establishment of the State Revenue Agency which is directly responsible to the president. The agenda setting of this tax issue is to describe the issues that are considered necessary to be implemented.

Method: The research methodology used is a qualitative descriptive method. In conducting this study, researchers used primary data and secondary data. Primary data by interviewing several executive officials at the Directorate General of Taxes. While secondary data was obtained from the Annual Report, Performance Report and Financial Report of the Directorate General of Taxes during 2016 - 2023, scientific articles, books, information from the mass media or organizations (OECD, IMF, Asian Development Bank), and other relevant sources of information.

Results and Discussion: This research finds out that the trend of the tax ratio after several decades of tax reform in Indonesia has fluctuated and tends to far away from Indonesia's ideal tax ratio of 15%. Therefore, it is important for the government to critically focus on the formation of a state revenue agency that is directly responsible to the president after several decades of the state revenue agency being responsible to the Ministry of Finance.

Research Implications: It is recommended to implement a State Revenue Agency that is directly responsible to the president with a good governance concept to increase the tax ratio in Indonesia.

Originality/Value: The change of government of the elected President in October 2024 is the right momentum to realize the formation of a state revenue agency that is directly responsible to the President which aims to increase state revenue, which will have an impact on increasing Indonesia's tax ratio, this will have social and economic benefits. And can be a new milestone for Indonesia in order to increase the ability to mobilize state revenue sources and increase the state's ability to realize Indonesia's development in the future.