bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of the Intergalactic Magnetic Field Constrained by Gamma-Ray Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Veres P. , Dermer C. D. , Dhuga K. S. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The magnetic field in intergalactic space gives important information about magnetogenesis in the early universe. The properties of this field can be probed by searching for radiation of secondary e
+
e
− pairs created by TeV photons that produce GeV range radiation by Compton-scattering cosmic microwave background photons. The arrival times of the GeV “echo” photons depend strongly on the magnetic field strength and coherence length. A Monte Carlo code that accurately treats pair creation is developed to simulate the spectrum and time-dependence of the echo radiation. The extrapolation of the spectrum of powerful gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) like GRB 130427A to TeV energies is used to demonstrate how the intergalactic magnetic field can be constrained if it falls in the 10−21–10−17 G range for a 1 Mpc coherence length.
No Neon, but Jets in the Remarkable Recurrent Nova M31N 2008-12a?—Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopy of the 2015 Eruption
Authors: Darnley M. J. , Hounsell R. , Godon P. , Perley D. A. , Henze M. , Kuin N. P. M. , Williams B. F. , Williams S. C. , Bode M. F. , Harman D. J. , Hornoch K. , Link M. , Ness J.-U. , Ribeiro V. A. R. M. , Sion E. M. , Shafter A. W. , Shara M. M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The 2008 discovery of an eruption of M31N 2008-12a began a journey on which the true nature of this remarkable recurrent nova continues to be revealed. M31N 2008-12a contains a white dwarf (WD) close to the Chandrasekhar limit, accreting at a high rate from its companion, and undergoes thermonuclear eruptions that are observed yearly and may even be twice as frequent. In this paper, we report on Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph ultraviolet spectroscopy taken within days of the predicted 2015 eruption, coupled with Keck spectroscopy of the 2013 eruption. Together, this spectroscopy permits the reddening to be constrained to

E
(
B
−
V
)
=
0.10
±
0.03

. The UV spectroscopy reveals evidence for highly ionized, structured, and high-velocity ejecta at early times. No evidence for neon is seen in these spectra, however, but it may be that little insight can be gained regarding the composition of the WD (CO versus ONe).
CARMA Survey toward Infrared-bright Nearby Galaxies (STING). IV. Spatially Resolved 13CO in Spiral Galaxies
Authors: Cao Yixian , Wong Tony , Xue Rui , Bolatto Alberto D. , Blitz Leo , Vogel Stuart N. , Leroy Adam K. , Rosolowsky Erik 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We present a

mapping survey of 12 nearby galaxies from the CARMA STING sample. The line intensity ratio

is derived to study the variations in molecular gas properties. For 11 galaxies where it can be measured with high significance, the spatially resolved

on (sub)kiloparsec scales varies by up to a factor of 3–5 within a galaxy. Lower

values are usually found in regions with weaker

. We attribute this apparent trend to a bias against measuring large

values when

is weak. Limiting our analysis to the

-bright regions that are less biased, we do not find that

on (sub)kiloparsec scales correlate with galactocentric distance, velocity dispersion, or the star formation rate. The lack of correlation between star formation rate and

indicates that the CO optical depth is not sensitive to stellar energy input, or that any such sensitivity is easily masked by other factors. Extending the analysis to all regions with

emission by spectral stacking, we find that 5 out of 11 galaxies show higher stacked

for galactocentric radii of

and

yr−1 kpc−2, which could result from a greater contribution from diffuse gas. Moreover, significant galaxy-to-galaxy variations are found in

, but the global

does not strongly depend on dust temperature, inclination, or metallicity of the galaxy.
Constraints from Dust Mass and Mass Accretion Rate Measurements on Angular Momentum Transport in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Mulders Gijs D. , Pascucci Ilaria , Manara Carlo F. , Testi Leonardo , Herczeg Gregory J. , Henning Thomas , Mohanty Subhanjoy , Lodato Giuseppe 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the relation between disk mass and mass accretion rate to constrain the mechanism of angular momentum transport in protoplanetary disks. We find a correlation between dust disk mass and mass accretion rate in Chamaeleon I with a slope that is close to linear, similar to the one recently identified in Lupus. We investigate the effect of stellar mass and find that the intrinsic scatter around the best-fit

–

and

–

relations is uncorrelated. We simulate synthetic observations of an ensemble of evolving disks using a Monte Carlo approach and find that disks with a constant α viscosity can fit the observed relations between dust mass, mass accretion rate, and stellar mass but overpredict the strength of the correlation between disk mass and mass accretion rate when using standard initial conditions. We find two possible solutions. In the first one, the observed scatter in

and

is not primordial, but arises from additional physical processes or uncertainties in estimating the disk gas mass. Most likely grain growth and radial drift affect the observable dust mass, while variability on large timescales affects the mass accretion rates. In the second scenario, the observed scatter is primordial, but disks have not evolved substantially at the age of Lupus and Chamaeleon I owing to a low viscosity or a large initial disk radius. More accurate estimates of the disk mass and gas disk sizes in a large sample of protoplanetary disks, through either direct observations of the gas or spatially resolved multiwavelength observations of the dust with ALMA, are needed to discriminate between both scenarios or to constrain alternative angular momentum transport mechanisms such as MHD disk winds.
Modeling a Propagating Sawtooth Flare Ribbon Structure as a Tearing Mode in the Presence of Velocity Shear
Authors: Parker Jacob , Longcope Dana 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
On 2014 April 18 (SOL2014-04-18T13:03), an M-class flare was observed by IRIS. The associated flare ribbon contained a quasi-periodic sawtooth pattern that was observed to propagate along the ribbon, perpendicular to the IRIS spectral slit, with a phase velocity of ∼15 km s−1. This motion resulted in periodicities in both intensity and Doppler velocity along the slit. These periodicities were reported by Brannon et al. to be approximately ±0.″5 in position and ±20 km s−1 in velocity and were measured to be ∼180° out of phase with one another. This quasi-periodic behavior has been attributed by others to bursty or patchy reconnection and slipping occurring during three-dimensional magnetic reconnection. Though able to account for periodicities in both intensity and Doppler velocity, these suggestions do not explicitly account for the phase velocity of the entire sawtooth structure or the relative phasing of the oscillations. Here we propose that the observations can be explained by a tearing mode (TM) instability occurring at a current sheet across which there is also a velocity shear. Using a linear model of this instability, we reproduce the relative phase of the oscillations, as well as the phase velocity of the sawtooth structure. We suggest a geometry and local plasma parameters for the April 18 flare that would support our hypothesis. Under this proposal, the combined spectral and spatial IRIS observations of this flare may provide the most compelling evidence to date of a TM occurring in the solar magnetic field.
Deep Chandra Survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud. II. Timing Analysis of X-Ray Pulsars
Authors: Hong JaeSub , Antoniou Vallia , Zezas Andreas , Haberl Frank , Sasaki Manami , Drake Jeremy J. , Plucinsky Paul P. , Laycock Silas 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We report the timing analysis results of X-ray pulsars from a recent deep Chandra survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We analyzed a total exposure of 1.4 Ms from 31 observations over a 1.2 deg2 region in the SMC under a Chandra X-ray Visionary Program. Using the Lomb–Scargle and epoch-folding techniques, we detected periodic modulations from 20 pulsars and a new candidate pulsar. The survey also covered 11 other pulsars with no clear sign of periodic modulation. The 0.5–8 keV X-ray luminosity (L

X
) of the pulsars ranges from 1034 to 1037 erg s−1 at 60 kpc. All of the Chandra sources with L

X
≳ 4 × 1035 erg s−1 exhibit X-ray pulsations. The X-ray spectra of the SMC pulsars (and high-mass X-ray binaries) are in general harder than those of the SMC field population. All but SXP 8.02 can be fitted by an absorbed power-law model with a photon index of Γ ≲ 1.5. The X-ray spectrum of the known magnetar SXP 8.02 is better fitted with a two-temperature blackbody model. Newly measured pulsation periods of SXP 51.0, SXP 214, and SXP 701, are significantly different from the previous XMM-Newton and RXTE measurements. This survey provides a rich data set for energy-dependent pulse profile modeling. Six pulsars show an almost eclipse-like dip in the pulse profile. Phase-resolved spectral analysis reveals diverse spectral variations during pulsation cycles: e.g., for an absorbed power-law model, some exhibit an (anti)-correlation between absorption and X-ray flux, while others show more intrinsic spectral variation (i.e., changes in photon indices).
Relationship between the Plasma Concentration of C-Reactive Protein and Severity of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: De Haro Joaquin , Acin Francisco , Medina Francisco Jose , Lopez-Quintana Alfonso , March Jose Ramon 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo determine whether the increase in plasma levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP), a non-specific reactant in the acute-phase of systemic inflammation, is associated with clinical severity of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).Methods and ResultsThis is a cross-sectional study at a referral hospital center of institutional practice in Madrid, Spain. A stratified random sampling was done over a population of 3370 patients with symptomatic PAD from the outpatient vascular laboratory database in 2007 in the order of their clinical severity: the first group of patients with mild chronological clinical severity who did not require surgical revascularization, the second group consisted of patients with moderate clinical severity who had only undergone only one surgical revascularization procedure and the third group consisted of patients who were severely affected and had undergone two or more surgical revascularization procedures of the lower extremities in different areas or needed late re-interventions. The Neyman affixation was used to calculate the sample size with a fixed relative error of 0.1. A homogeneity analysis between groups and a unifactorial analysis of comparison of medians for CRP was done. The groups were homogeneous for age, smoking status, Arterial Hypertension HTA, diabetes mellitus, dyslipemia, homocysteinemia and specific markers of inflammation. In the unifactorial analysis of multiple comparisons of medians according to Scheffe, it was observed that the median values of CRP plasma levels were increased in association with higher clinical severity of PAD (3.81 mg/L [2.14-5.48] vs. 8.33 [4.38-9.19] vs. 12.83 [9.5-14.16]; p < 0.05) as a unique factor of tested ones.ConclusionPlasma levels of CRP are associated with not only the presence of atherosclerosis but also with its chronological clinical severity.
Initial Cardiac Rhythm Correlated to Emergency Department Survival
Authors: Vukmir Rade B. 
Published: September 2017

Background This study attempted to correlate the initial cardiac rhythm and survival from prehospital cardiac arrest, as a secondary end-point. Methods Prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical intervention trial where bicarbonate was administered to 874 prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest patients in prehospital urban, suburban, and rural emergency medical service environments. Results This group's manifested an overall survival rate of 13.9% (110 of 793) of prehospital cardiac arrest patients. The most common presenting arrhythmia was ventricular fibrillation (VF) (45.0%), asystole (ASY) (34.4%), and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) (15.7%). Less commonly found were normal sinus rhythm (NSR) (1.8%), other (1.8%), ventricular tachycardia (VT) (0.6%), and atrioventricular block (AVB) (0.5%) as prearrest rhythms. The best survival was noted in those with a presenting rhythm of AVB (57.1%), VT (33.3%), VF (15.7%), NSR (14.3%), PEA (11.2%), and ASY (11.1%) (p = 0.02). However, there was no correlation between the final cardiac rhythm and outcome, other than an obvious end-of-life rhythm. Conclusion The most common presenting arrhythmia was VF (45%), while survival is greatest in those presenting with AVB (57.1%).
Clinicoradiological Approach to Sonomammographic Spectrum of Breast Disorders
Authors: Ahluwalia Vandana V , Saharan Prerna S , Chauhan Ankita 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
The current cancerophobic climates surrounding breast disease affect the sequence of imaging modalities and follow-up. Neither the physician nor the patient can be sure that the palpable lump is an actual mass or an unexceptional variant and, here is the active/decisive role of a radiologist to evaluate sonomammographic appearances as per Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Lexicon, and then assuring the patient for its benignity or asserting the necessity of further intervention. This study reviews key sonomammographic features of common and unusual benign breast disease, infections, and systemic disorders affecting breast in the female patient.

How to cite this article
Ahluwalia VV, Saharan PS, Chauhan A. Clinicoradiological Approach to Sonomammographic Spectrum of Breast Disorders. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(2):126-134.
External Validation of Gynecological Imaging and Reporting Data System for Sonographic Evaluation of Adnexal Masses
Authors: Diaz Linder , Zambrano Belkys , Adami Fabio J 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
To perform an external validation of Gynecological Imaging and Reporting Data System (GI-RADS) and to assess how referring clinicians value this reporting system in their daily practice.

Materials and methods
Prospective observational study comprising 257 women (mean age 40.3 years) and 281 adnexal masses, referred by 20 clinicians to an ultrasound referral center. All women underwent transvaginal or transrectal ultrasound. Presumed diagnosis of the adnexal mass was based on examiner's subjective impression according to patter recognition analysis. Reporting was performed according to GI-RADS classification. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of the GI-RADS were calculated. The gold standard was histologic diagnosis (benign or malignant) or spontaneous resolution of the cyst during follow-up (benign). Referring clinicians were asked for completing a survey in order to assess how useful they considered this reporting system.

Results
In this study, 56 masses were classified as GI-RADS 2, 174 masses were classified as GI-RADS 3, 19 masses were classified as GI-RADS 4, and 32 masses were classified as GI-RADS 5. Among them, 230 masses were removed surgically and 51 masses resolved spontaneously. There were 35 malignant lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, LR+, and LR- were 97.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 85.5–99.5%), 93.1% (95%CI: 89.2– 95.6%), 14.1 (95%CI: 8.8–22.3), and 0.03 (95%CI: 0.004–0.21) respectively. All 20 referring clinicians reported that GI-RADS was very useful for their clinical decision-making process.

Conclusion
GI-RADS shows a high diagnostic performance and is helpful for referring clinicians for taking clinical decisions.

How to cite this article
Diaz L, Zambrano B, Adami FJ, Alcázar JL. External Validation of Gynecological Imaging and Reporting Data System for Sonographic Evaluation of Adnexal Masses. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(2):135-140.
Imperforate Hymen
Authors: Al-Saygh Fatima , Jabre Moune 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
An 11-year-old girl presented with pelvic pain for 2 weeks. Transabdominal ultrasound demonstrated a distended vagina filled with echogenic material consistent with blood. The uterus was visualized and was similarly distended. A diagnosis of hematocolpos and hematometria secondary to imperforate hymen was made. Hymenectomy was performed which drained 1.5 L of dark menstrual blood. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course.

How to cite this article
Al-Saygh F, Jabre M, Ahmed B. Imperforate Hymen. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(2):174-176.
Ser Idoso, Vítima de Trauma, é Fator de Risco Para Mortalidade Na Terapia Intensiva: Mito ou Realidade?
Authors: Barbosa Genesis S , Moura Bruna RS , Rio Tatiane GGN do , Martuchi Sérgio D , Lima Kézia P , Silva Daniela V , Sousa Regina MC , Nogueira Lilia S 
Published: September 2017

RESUMO

Objetivos
Comparar idosos e não idosos, vitimas de trauma, segundo caracteristicas sociodemograficas e clinicas e identificar se idade avançada (≥60 anos) é fator de risco para mortalidade na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI).

Material e metodo
Coorte prospectiva, realizada entre 2012/2015, em quatro hospitais em Sao Paulo, Brasil. A amostra foi constituida por vitimas de trauma com idade ≥18 anos e permanencia superior a 24 horas na UTI. Foram comparados dois grupos: idosos (≥60 anos) e não idosos (<60 anos). Os testes Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, Exato de Fisher, t-Student e regressão logistica multipla foram aplicados, com nivel de significancia de 5%.

Resultados
Das 380 vítimas (73 idosos e 307 não idosos), a maioria era homens (87,9%), com idade média de 41,5 (±18,9) anos. A causa externa mais frequente foi queda (34,7%) seguida de acidente motociclístico (23,4%). A maioria dos idosos foi vítima de queda (75,4%). O tempo médio de permanência na UTI foi de 14,9 (±15,6) dias e um total de 74 (19,5%) pacientes evoluiu a óbito (53 não idosos e 21 idosos). Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos (p < 0,05) em relação ao gênero, causa externa, tipo de admissão na UTI, Injury Severity Score (ISS), New Injury Severity Score (NISS), Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) e mortalidade. Os idosos apresentaram menores valores de ISS e NISS e maiores escores do SAPS II do que os não idosos. O fator de risco para mortalidade foi SAPS II (OR = 1,04; IC95% 1,03–1,06; p < 0,001) e tempo de permanência na UTI foi identificado como fator de proteção para o desfecho (OR = 0,98; IC95% 0,96–0,99; p = 0,021).

Conclusões
Apesar dos idosos apresentaram maior mortalidade do que os não idosos, a idade, variável de interesse desta pesquisa, não foi fator de risco para mortalidade em UTI.

Significado clínico
Os resultados deste estudo podem contribuir para estratégias de melhoria da qualidade do atendimento ao idoso traumatizado.

How to cite this article
Barbosa GS, Moura BRS, do Rio TGGN, Martuchi SD, Lima KP, Silva DV, Sousa RMC, Nogueira LS. Ser Idoso, Vítima de Trauma, é Fator de Risco Para Mortalidade Na Terapia Intensiva: Mito ou Realidade? Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(2):81-89.
Bilateral Epidural Hematoma: Case Illustration and Classification Proposal
Authors: Muñoz Erik , Morán Miguel AM , Toro Sebastian , Restrepo Claudia , Muñoz Juan E 
Published: September 2017

RESUMEN
El hematoma epidural es una complicación frecuente del trauma craneoencefálico cerrado, sin embargo, es infrecuente la presentación de manera bilateral y se asocia a elevada morbimortalidad. Presentamos un caso de paciente masculino de 28 años victima de accidente de transito quien presenta hematoma epidural inicialmente unilateral, y que después de 4 días se convierte en un hematoma epidural bilateral.

How to cite this article
Morán MAM, Toro S, Restrepo C, Muñoz JE, Muñoz E. Bilateral Epidural Hematoma: Case Illustration and Classification Proposal. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(2):127-130.
Determining Organizational Learning Capability: A Study in Private Health Care Organizations
Authors: Deniz Serkan , Cimen Mesut , Kaya Seyit 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Due to the fast-changing and developing business environment, knowledge has become a very important resource for organizations. However, reaching and obtaining knowledge is difficult, the level of organizational learning capability (OLC) perception within the organization is a key for this. This is also true for health organizations. If health care organizations can increase their OLC levels, they might achieve an increase in organizational performance, patient satisfaction, competitive advantage, and employee satisfaction.

Objective
In this study, it is aimed to determine the level of OLC perception of employees working in private health care organizations. It is also aimed to examine whether this perception level shows variance according to demographic differences.

Materials and methods
Research was done between January 2017 and March 2017 in private health care organizations operating in Turkey. The population of the study includes both administrative staff and health staff working in these organizations. Survey method was used to collect data, and 111 valid questionnaires were collected at the end of data collection period.

Results and conclusion
According to the findings, employees perceive their organizations’ OLC level positively both for general OLC and for OLC subdimensions. However, it is also concluded that this perception level could be increased as well. In order to achieve this, health care organizations are required to encourage their employees toward learning, investigating, communication, risk taking, and participation.

How to cite this article
Deniz S, Cimen M, Kaya S. Determining Organizational Learning Capability: A Study in Private Health Care Organizations. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2017;5(1):1-7.
Indigenous Medicinal Plants of Northeast India in Human Health
Authors: Shankar Rama , KumarTripathi Ashish , Anku Gyati , Neyaz Shazia , Rawat Mohan S 
Published: September 2017

Objective:This study was conducted to prepare records of medicinal plants used in various traditional practices in Northeast India for the management of different diseases.Introduction:Northeastern region comprises the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, and Sikkim. Topography of the region which is the prime source of diversity of flora and fauna covering the part of natural medicine is from tropical, subtropical, temperate, and alpine regions of vegetation distribution. This topography reflects the occurrence of diverse types of medicinal plants suitable for different climatic conditions. The study deals with the medicinal plants used in the management of various prevalent diseases in Northeast India by the use of locally available herbs.Outcome:Medicinal plants distributed in the different climatic zones of Northeast are Aconitum heterophyllum, Acer palmatum, Adiantum capillus veneris, A. lunulatum, Aquilaria malaccensis, Bacopa monnieri, Berberis aristata, B. wal- lichiana, Bergenia ciliata, Curcuma caesia, C. zedoaria, Crateva nurvela, Cordyceps sinensis, Embelia ribes, Emblica officinalis, Gentiana kurroo, Gmelina arborea, Gynocardia odorata, Hydnocarpus kurzii, Nardostachys jatamansi, Panax pseudoginseng, Paris polyphylla, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Rauvolfia serpentina, Rubia manjith, Saraca asoca, Solanum nigrum, Taxus wallichiana, Terminalia arjuna, T. bellerica, T. chebula, T. citrina, Valeriana jatamansi, Zanthoxylum armatum, Z. rhetsa, Zingiber zerumbet, Z. officinale, etc.Conclusion:The commercial cultivation, systemic collection for trade is the mode through which local inhabitants may earn money for moving toward prosperity.