bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vajon in Translated Hungarian
Authors: Götz Andrea 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the structures the discourse marker vajon forms in translated Hungarian fiction. Although translation data has been deployed in the study of discourse markers (Aijmer & Simon- Vandenbergen, 2004), such studies do not account for translation-specific phenomena which can influence the data of their analysis. In addition, translated discourse markers could offer insights into the idiosyncratic properties of translated texts as well as the culturally defined norms of translation that guide the creation of target texts. The analysis presented in this paper extends the cross-linguistic approach beyond contrastive analysis with a detailed investigation of two corpora of translated texts in order to identify patterns which could be a sign of translation or genre norms impacting the target texts. As a result, a distinct, diverging pattern emerges between the two corpora: patterns of explicit polarity show a marked difference. However, further research is needed to clarify whether these are due to language, genre, or translation norms.
Leverage in Managing Future Translators
Authors: Imre Attila 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe present paper offers an insight into the challenges of translation training within a young study programme. The introductory part mentions the revolution of the translation industry, which is connected to the technical advances, followed by a short presentation of the institution and the requirements of the Romanian Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education in this respect. Taking into consideration the market requirements for translators, possible leverage for future translators is presented through the prism of a practical course on translation technology, which is approached critically as well. The article ends with an outline of present-day skills and competences necessary for professional translators and possible conclusions.
Localization of rainfall and determination its intensity in the lower layers of the troposphere from the measurements of local RF transmitter characteristics
Authors: Podhorský Dušan , Fabo Peter 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The article deals with a method of acquiring the temporal and spatial distribution of local precipitation from measurement of performance characteristics of local sources of high frequency electromagnetic radiation in the 1-3GHz frequency range in the lower layers of the troposphere up to 100 m. The method was experimentally proven by monitoring the GSM G2 base stations of cell phone providers in the frequency range of 920-960MHz using methods of frequential and spatial diversity reception. Modification of the SART method for localization of precipitation was also proposed. The achieved results allow us to obtain the timeframe of the intensity of local precipitation in the observed area with a temporal resolution of 10 sec. A spatial accuracy of 100m in localization of precipitation is expected, after a network of receivers is built. The acquired data can be used as one of the inputs for meteorological forecasting models, in agriculture, hydrology as a supplementary method to ombrograph stations and measurements for the weather radar network, in transportation as part of a warning system and in many other areas.
New Catalytic Systems for Hydrofining and Dearomatization Processes of Oil Fractions
Authors: Yunusov M.P. , Djalаlova Sh.B. , Nasullaev Kh.A. , Gulyamov Sh.T. , Isaeva N.F. , Mirzaeva E.I. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractVarious aspects of application of nonconventional support components (fulfilled alumina adsorbent and kaolin clay) and; their influence on a proportion of catalytic active and inert phases as a part of multilayered catalytic systems are reviewed. Operating experience of some elaborated catalysts for hydrocarbon oils hydrofining in the industrial reactor G-24 is also discussed.
The Practical Aspects of Local Development of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Travel Companies
Authors: Kulińska Ewa , Odlanicka-Poczobutt Monika 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The aim of this publication is to present the effects of one of the projects conducted in Opole Province, titled “The effective transfer of knowledge from science to industry in Opole Province” and its impact on the practical aspects of the local development of entrepreneurship and innovation in travel companies. The presented material constitutes an attempt to answer the research problems associated with the introduced innovations. These problems have been formulated as the following questions: Is the GPS functional enough to significantly improve transportation services? Does the cost of implementing the system not exceed the profits it generates? Does the use of GPS in performing transportation services cost-effective also for small businesses? Is a company that uses the GPS able to meet the increasing customer expectations? How can a business benefit as a result of implementing the system? To verify this objective, theoretical research tools were used, such as: analysis, synthesis, generalizations, and comparisons. In terms of practical methods, the following found application: observation method (gathering information on companies, interviews with employees, analysis of documents) and analytical method.
Efficiency of sweet flag and curly parsley volatile oils compared with synthetic insecticides againstCeroplastes ruscion Ruellia plants
Authors: Mohamed I.A. , Mohamed G.S. , Abdul-Hafeez E.Y. , Ibrahim O.H.M. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryRuellia simplexplant is grown for its aesthetic features including flowers, leaves and overall foliage appearance. The fig wax scaleCeroplastes rusciL. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) was detected for the first time in Egypt onR. simplex. Mineral oil, diazinon, thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole, and essential oils extracted fromAcorus calamusandPetroselinum crispum,were compared for their ability to control the insect. Results indicated that reduction percentage increased gradually until day 7 after the treatment regarding adults, nymphs and their total. The maximum efficacy of the mineral oil, and thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole, was noticed 21 days after treatment, followed byA. calamusoil. Efficacy ofP. crispumoil and diazinon reached more than 86% after 21 days and more than 90% 28 days after treatment. At 28 days,A. calamusoil reached its maximum efficacy. Plants treated with thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole were the tallest plants and possessed significantly higher number of branches and leaves, and leaf pigments followed by those treated with mineral oil orA. calamusoil.A. calamusoil and thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole were proved as promising compounds tested for the first time in controllingC. rusci.
Civil Litigation Procedure – a New Code of Procedure of the Slovak Republic
Authors: Ficová Svetlana 
Published: February 2017

Summary
On 1 July 2016 the new codes of civil procedure will come into effect with the aim to provide for more effective, simplified and more economically efficient civil procedure, including more efficient enforcement of law in Slovakia. This article explains some of the new legal concepts that may facilitate attainment of this goal.
Restorative Justice in the Conditions of the Slovak Republic
Authors: Strémy Tomáš , Vráblová Miroslava 
Published: February 2017

Summary
Nowadays, traditional criminal policy is facing its limits and is unable to cope with the rising criminality. Current criminal justice based on repressive approaches is unable to face serious obstacles and problems, namely in efficiency of punishment, poor protection of victims, and slow and overburdened criminal courts. New models of criminal judiciary based on principles of restorative justice have been unveiled while traditional systems of criminal justice are facing a serious crisis. The conception of restorative justice is one of the most modern and progressive of current approaches to criminal law that deserves to be implemented into the Slovakia criminal judiciary system. Author focused on punishments as home arrest, compulsory labour and financial penalty.
Indirect Effect of EU Law under Constitutional Scrutiny – the Overview of Approach of Czech Constitutional Court
Authors: Hamuľák Ondrej , Kerikmäe Tanel 
Published: February 2017

Summary
The paper deals with the non-normative impacts of the EU law in the national legal systems (Czech Republic in particular) and focuses on the approach of the Czech Constitutional Court (CCC) towards the so-called principle of indirect effect of EU law. The authors examine the case law of CCC and offer the conclusions about the place, constitutional relevance and (national) limits of the EU-consistent interpretation of national law. CCC up to date case law clearly indicates that a EU-consistent interpretation is the most ideal tool for meeting the Czech Republic’s membership obligations. But it is simultaneously a tool for preserving the autonomy of the national authorities applying law and reduces possible tensions between supranational and nation law. CCC accepts the indirect effect broadly and used this concept even in controversial cases (European arrest warrant, State responsibility for damages etc.). But still it does not approach this effect without reservations. CCC points on the necessity to protect the fundamental constitutional values (‘Solange’ concept) even in connection with the duty of EU-consistent interpretation.
The Meaning of Soft Law in International Commercial Arbitration
Authors: Hrnčiříková Miluše 
Published: February 2017

Summary
The growth in the amount of international arbitrations, the value of the disputes and expenses invested into the arbitral proceedings have escalated the pressure to succeed in dispute. The arbitrators face to guerrilla tactics or threats of annulment of arbitral awards based on the violation of a right to a due process. Soft law regulating the arbitral procedure endowers the effectives of the arbitration, however, in the recent years the critical voices can be heart which warn against overregulation and its judicialization. On the following pages the impact of the soft rules prescribing the arbitral proceeding on the effectiveness of the international commercial arbitration is examined. Firstly the author deals with the right to a fair trial and the discretionary power of arbitrators in the framework of the notion of soft law and then the binding character of this soft law is determined. The aim of this article is to answer the question whether the regulation of the arbitral proceedings by soft law is still welcomed or if it represents a threat for the discretionary powers of the arbitrator and arbitration as such.
Binary mixtures of two anionic polysaccharides simulating the rheological properties of oxidised starch
Authors: Sikora Marek , Dobosz Anna , Adamczyk Greta , Krystyjan Magdalena , Kowalski Stanisław , Tomasik Piotra , Kutyła-Kupidura Edyta M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Modifications of starches are carried out to improve their industrial usefulness. However, the consumers prefer natural products. For this reason, various methods of starch properties modification are applied to replace those requiring the use of chemical reagents. The aim of this study was to determine whether it is possible to use binary pastes, containing normal potato starch and xanthan gum, as substitutes of chemically modified starches (with oxidised starch E 1404 pastes as an example). Flow curves with hysteresis loops, apparent viscosity at constant shear rate of 50 s−1 and in-shear structural recovery test with pre-shearing were applied to study the rheological properties of the pastes. It was found that two anionic hydrocolloids, potato starch and xanthan gum, can form binary systems with thickening properties, provided that their proportions are adequately adjusted. Some of the binary pastes under investigation exhibited rheological properties resembling pastes of starch oxidised with hypochlorite (E 1404). The way of tailoring the binary pastes properties is presented.
Soil temperature prediction from air temperature for alluvial soils in lower Indo-Gangetic plain
Authors: Barman D. , Kundu D.K. , Pal Soumen , Pal Susanto , Chakraborty A.K. , Jha A.K. , Mazumdar S.P. , Saha R. , Bhattacharyya P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSoil temperature is an important factor in biogeochemical processes. On-site monitoring of soil temperature is limited in spatiotemporal scale as compared to air temperature data inventories due to various management difficulties. Therefore, empirical models were developed by taking 30-year long-term (1985-2014) air and soil temperature data for prediction of soil temperatures at three depths (5, 15, 30 cm) in morning (0636 Indian standard time) and afternoon (1336 Indian standard time) for alluvial soils in lower Indo-Gangetic plain. At 5 cm depth, power and exponential regression models were best fitted for daily data in morning and afternoon, respectively, but it was reverse at 15 cm. However, at 30 cm, exponential models were best fitted for both the times. Regression analysis revealed that in morning for all three depths and in afternoon for 30 cm depth, soil temperatures (daily, weekly, and monthly) could be predicted more efficiently with the help of corresponding mean air temperature than that of maximum and minimum. However, in afternoon, prediction of soil temperature at 5 and 15 cm depths were more precised for all the time intervals when maximum air temperature was used, except for weekly soil temperature at 15 cm, where the use of mean air temperature gave better prediction.
Gog at Vienna: Three Woodcut Images of the Turks as Apocalyptic Destroyers in Early Editions of the Luther Bible
Authors: Moger Jourden Travis 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThree woodcut illustrations by different artist in early editions of Martin Luther’s German Bible depict the 1529 Siege of Vienna by Ottoman Turks under Suleiman I as the fulfillment of the prophecy of “Gog and Magog,” the biblical destroyers in both the Book of Ezekiel and the Apocalypse. A marginal annotation also associates Gog and Magog with the historical Tartars and the legendary Red Jews. This article examines the images in light of their historical and theological contexts. It uses Luther’s theology, as it developed in the wake of the siege, to interpret the illustrations, and the illustrations to explain Luther’s theology, specifically his sola scriptura doctrine. A curious but often overlooked detail in one of the images is reinterpreted: a crescent moon atop the spire of St. Stephen’s Cathedral. This detail is puzzling since the siege failed and the Turks never entered the city. The Islamic symbol where it does not belong can be read as the artist’s subtle condemnation of the Catholic faith. This interpretation aligns with Luther’s polemical attacks on both Islam and Catholicism and his association of the two.
An LC-MS Assay with Isocratic Separation and On-Line Solid Phase Extraction to Improve the Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Busulfan in Plasma
Authors: Ialongo Cristiano , Mozzi Alessia Francesca , Bernardini Sergio 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackground: Busulfan (Bu) requires therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in subjects undergoing a conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To speed up the procedure and increase reproducibility, we improved our routine LC-MS/MS assay using the on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) of samples.Methods: A protein precipitation (PP) step was performed before the on-line SPE of Bu from 200 μL of plasma spiked with octa-deuterated Bu (D8-Bu) as the internal standard. Bias was assessed with respect to our routine LC-MS/MS Bu assay with off-line extraction using the Passing-Bablok robust regression. Root cause of bias for individual samples was assessed by analyzing the regression residuals.Results: The method was linear in the range 37.75-2,416 ng/mL (r2>0.999), with 19.74 ng/mL LLOQ and 10.5% CV at 20 ng/mL. Precision and accuracy were both within ±5%, and neither appreciable matrix nor carryover effects were observed. The Passing-Bablok regression analysis returned a 0.99 slope (95% Cl: 0.97 to 1.01) and -6.82 intercept (95% Cl: -15.23 to 3.53). Residuals analysis against the 2.5th-97.5th percentiles range showed four samples with significant bias individually.Conclusions: The method presented can be successfully employed for the routine analysis of Bu in plasmatic samples, and can replace the LC-MS/MS method with off-line extraction without any statistically significant overall bias. In this regard, samples with individual significant bias were reasonably produced by preanalytical issues which had no relation with the conversion to the on-line SPE extraction.
Influence of Syrgical Trauma on Nitric Oxide and Nitrotyrosine Serum Levels in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic or Conventional Cholecystectomy
Authors: Mijatović Srdjan , Alempijević Tamara , Stefanović Branislava , Jeremić Vasilije , Krstić Slobodan , Radmanović Nikola , Jovanović Sanja , Stefanović Branislav 
Published: February 2017

Summary
Background: Oxidative stress represents tissue damage caused by reactive forms of oxygen and nitrogen due to the inability of antioxidant mechanisms to reduce reactive forms into more stable ones. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of surgical trauma on nitric oxide (NO) and nitrotyrosine (NT) values in patients undergoing conventional and laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methods: A prospective study included sixty patients from the Department of Emergency Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia who were operated for gallstone related chronic cholecystitis. All the patients enrolled in the study underwent cholecystectomy; the first group was operated conventionally (30 patients - control group), while the second group was operated laparoscopically (30 patients - treatment group).
Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the values of NO and its postoperative changes in both groups, the conventionally operated group (p=0.943) and the laparoscopically operated group (p=0.393). We found an increase in NT values 24 hours postoperatively (p=0.000) in the conventionally operated patients, while in the group operated laparoscopically we didn’t find statistically significant changes in the values of NT (conventionally operated group (p=0.943) and laparoscopically operated group (p=0.393)).
Conclusions: In our study, we found a significant increase in NT values 24 hours postoperatively in conventionally operated patients i.e. the control group, vs. the treatment group. Further randomized studies are needed for a better understanding of the impact of surgical trauma on oxidative stress response.
Cross-sectional analysis of universal vitamin D supplementation in former East Germany during the first year of life
Authors: Siafarikas Aris , Deichl Alfons , Jahreis Gerhard , Pieplow Angela , Vogel Hartmut , Kauf Eberhard , Kapuhs Anna-Elisabeth , Badeke Elke , Berger Günter , Kändler Hans , Hesse Volker 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground:Universal vitamin D supplementation is controversial. Preventative examinations and public health initiatives in former East Germany that included vitamin D prophylaxis for children were regulated by official recommendations and guidelines. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of a standardised nationwide guideline for universal supplementation with 400 International Units (IU) vitamin D3/day during the first year of life on clinical and biochemical parameters and the influence of surrounding factors.Methods:This is a cross-sectional analysis looking at data from a field study of 3481 term-born children during their first year of life that was conducted in 1989.Results:There were no significant clinical signs of rickets. 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (mean and SEM, total analyses n=572) after birth (n=28) was 36(7) nmol/L, at 1 month 64(4) nmol/L (n=70, p<0.0001), 91(5) nmol/L at 3 months (n=95, p<0.0001), 65(8) nmol/L at 8 months (n=21, p=0.005) and ranged between 33 and 109 nmol/L until 12 months. Less than 0.2% of analyses revealed pathological levels for calcium or phosphate. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (n=690) were >1500 U/L (95th percentile) in 3.6%. Participants were on breastmilk or vitamin D-free formula, with solids added from 6 months of age. There were seasonal variations in 25(OH)D levels with a rise during spring and autumn. Thus this analysis is unique as sun exposure and supplementation can be considered as the only vitamin D sources.Conclusions:We conclude that universal supplementation with 400 IU of vitamin D3 during the first year of life is safe and provides sufficient 25(OH)D levels in Germany.
Study Regarding the Quality Assurance in Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Pop Alina Bianca , Țîțu Mihail Aurel 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this paper, the most important aspects of the quality management of end milling processes on aluminum alloys, are presented. The first part of the paper includes the presentation of the machining activities such: design, planning, programming and control that transform the inputs (workpiece) into finished products. In the second part the research problem was defined by setting a fundamental objective and identifying the specific objectives which contribute to achieve the fundamental objective. In this context an experimental study, was performed, starting with the organization and conducting the end milling process, in which the cutting regime were established, then the characteristic measured parameters were determined, so that the research factors and parameters will result.
Identification and Quantification the Aroma Compounds from Autochthonous Plants with GC/FID System
Authors: Șandru Daniela Maria , Stegăruș Diana , Lengyel Ecaterina , Tița Ovidiu 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The aims of this paper is to identify and quantify the flavor compounds that exist in plants in order to valorification in the nutritional supplements and food industry. The study was monitorising 16 different plants and the specific aromas was determined on the GC/FID system. The content esters can be reached on intervals starting from 1.0086 mg/L in Juniperus communis to 27.0172 mg/L in Teucrium chamaedrys. The superior alcohols values parameters start from 5.1209 mg/L for Melissa officinalis to 132.0837 mg/L in Teucrium chamaedrys. The aldehydes started from at minimum of 1.0218 mg/L at Centaurium erythraea and a maximum of 37.1829 at Vaccinium vitis-idaea. The terpene compounds starts from 0.0182 mg/L for Centaurium erythraea to 19.9280 mg/L at Teucrium chamaedrys. The results we obtained by this study represents the foundation for us in these bio potentially active plants in two important industries: the pharmaceutical and the food one-by obtaining nutritional supplements, liquors, extracts and tinctures.
Electronic and optical properties of ternary alloys ZnxCd1−xS, ZnxCd1−xSe, ZnSxSe1−x, MgxZn1−xSe
Authors: Benchikh K. , Abid H. , Benchehima M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe empirical pseudopotential method (EPM) within the virtual crystal approximation (VCA) is used to calculate the electronic and optical properties of ternary alloys ZnxCd1−xS, ZnxCd1−xSe, ZnSxSe1−xand MgxZn1−xSe. The alloy band structures and energy gaps are calculated using VCA which incorporates the compositional disorder as an effective potential. The calculated band structures for the ZnxCd1−xS, ZnxCd1−xSe and ZnSxSe1−xalloys show a direct band gap in the whole range of the concentration except for the MgxZn1−xSe alloy which presents a crossover from the direct gap to the indirect one.Also the dependence of the refractive index on the concentration is calculated for each ternary alloy. This parameter is found to depend nonlinearly on the alloy concentration. A detailed comparison of our results with experimental data and works of other authors has led to a good agreement.