bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directly modulated FMCW tunable laser with highly linear frequency chirp and narrow linewidth
Authors: Zhang Limeng , Gagino Marco , Millan-Mejia Alonso , Williams Kevin A. , Dolores Calzadilla Victor 
Published: October 2024

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave light detection and ranging (FMCW LiDAR) is a promising technology for long-range, high-accuracy, stray-light-immune distance and velocimetry sensing. To achieve this, a precisely chirped and highly coherent laser source is required. In this work, we propose to generate a highly linear frequency chirp by utilizing an intracavity phase modulator with high linearity and demonstrate a proof-of-concept fully integrated monolithic FMCW laser source based on an InP generic platform. By electrically modulating the intracavity phase modulator at a repetition rate of 100 kHz, a 1.85 GHz chirp range with root mean square (RMS) frequency nonlinearity down to 1.8 MHz is achieved without the need of external feedback loop or predistortion. Meanwhile, the laser shows a 51 nm tuning range with a linewidth down to 16 kHz. By taking advantage of the high-speed electro-optical effects, fast frequency modulation with repetition rate of up to 1 MHz is realized with a frequency chirp range of ∼1.65 GHz and RMS frequency nonlinearity of ∼12 MHz. We demonstrate its feasibility for LiDAR through in-fiber ranging at a distance of 50 m, where a 51 cm resolution is directly achieved.
Foliar-applied silicon and zinc nanoparticles improve plant growth, biochemical attributes, and essential oil profile of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) under different irrigation regimes
Authors: Mosaedi Hossein , Mozafari Hamid , Sani Behzad , Ghasemi Pirbalouti Abdollah , Rajabzadeh Faezeh 
Published: October 2024

The comparative efficacy of silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) nanoparticles (NPs) in mitigating drought stress in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) remains largely unexplored. This study evaluated the impact of Si NPs and Zn NPs on enhancing plant growth and physiological-biochemical attributes of fennel under varying irrigation regimes. The 2-year study was a split-pot design with irrigation at three irrigation levels (100, 75, and 50% field capacity, FC) and five treatments of foliar application of Si and Zn NPs (control, 1 mM Si NP, 2 mM Si NP, 1 mM Zn NP, 2 mM Zn NP). Results showed that drought stress reduced plant performance. Increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD, 131%) and catalase (CAT, 276%) were seen after a 50% FC drought without the use of Si and Zn NPs. Conversely, biological yield (34%), seed yield (44%), chlorophyll a + b (26%), relative water content (RWC, 21%), and essential oil (EO) yield (50%) were all reduced. However, application of Zn and Si, particularly 1 mM Si and 2 mM Zn, greatly mitigated drought stress via lowering CAT and SOD activity and enhancing plant yield, chlorophyll content, RWC, and EO. The composition of the EO consisted primarily of anethole, followed by limonene, fenchone, and estragole. During drought conditions, monoterpene hydrocarbons increased while oxygenated monoterpenes decreased. The opposite trend was observed for Si and Zn NPs. Our results suggest that applying Zn NPs at 2 mM followed by Si NPs at 1 mM improved plant resilience and EO yield in fennel plants under water stress.
Development of a water-cooled scintillation screen for high-current beam profiling
Authors: Kang Xincai , Tang Kai , Li Youtang , Zhao Tiecheng , Mao Ruishi , Li Min 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to develop a scintillation screen monitor
for high-current ion beam profiling. It was observed that the
conventional scintillation screen is unable to meet the requirements
of medium- and high-power accelerators due to the beam damaging the
screen and preventing it from functioning properly. Consequently, a
water-cooled tantalum-copper composite plate was adopted as the
target head and coated with potassium bromide powder. The
scintillating screen monitor employs the direct intercept method to
observe the beam profile and position recorded by a CCD camera. A
water-cooled beam profile monitoring system was manufactured and
subjected to preliminary experimental tests on an electron
accelerator. The results indicate that the screen monitor exhibits
good luminescence, and high resolution, and is capable of
effectively evaluating the beam position and profile.
An X-ray fluorescence experimental method for photon-counting detector in computed tomography system
Authors: Wu Hsiang-Ning , Chang Chia-Hao , Ni Yu-Ching 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrum of specific elements
can be utilized in energy calibration, energy resolution
measurement, and analysis of energy response functions for
photon-counting detectors (PCDs). The applications can be beneficial
for PCD threshold accuracy, performance verification, and optimizing
image quality. In previous literature, the experimental
configuration for the XRF spectrum typically employed a vertical
configuration to avoid the influence of the primary X-ray
beam. However, such an experimental configuration is constrained by
the fixed position of the X-ray source and detector in the computed
tomography (CT) system. Hence, the purpose of this study is to
investigate a horizontal configuration for XRF measurements and
compare the differences in XRF spectrum with vertical
configuration. The results indicate that the spectral
characteristics of the horizontal and vertical configurations are
similar, suggesting that the horizontal configuration could be
applied for energy calibration and spectral analysis in PCD-CT
systems.
Generalisation of the yield stress measurement in three point bending collapse tests: application to 3D printed flax fibre reinforced hydrogels
Authors: de Kergariou Charles , Saidani Scott Hind , Perriman Adam W , Day Graham J , Armstrong James , Scarpa Fabrizio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the extrusion pressure’s effect on composite hydrogel inks’ filaments subjected to three point bending collapse tests. The composite considered in this work consists of an alginate-poloxamer hydrogel reinforced with flax fibres. Increased extrusion pressure resulted in more asymmetrical filaments between the support pillars. Furthermore, the material and printing conditions used in the present study led to the production of curved specimens. These two characteristics implicitly limit the validity of the yield stress equations commonly used in open literature. Therefore, a new system of equations was derived for the case of asymmetrical and curved filaments. A post-processing method was also created to obtain the properties required to evaluate this yield stress. This new equation was then implemented to identify the strength of failed hydrogels without flax fibre reinforcement. A statistical analysis showed this new equation’s significance, which yielded statistically higher (i.e. 1.15 times larger) strength values compared to the numbers obtained with the open literature equations. At larger extrusion pressures, longer periods were needed for the material to converge towards its final shape. Larger extrusion pressure values led to lower yield stresses within the composite hydrogel filament: a 5 kPa increase in extrusion pressure lowered the yield stress by 19%. In comparison, a 15 kPa increase led to a 29% decrease in the yield stress. Overall this study provides guidelines to standardize three point bending collapse tests and analysis comparison between different materials.
Volichenko-type metasymmetry of braided Majorana qubits
Authors: Toppan Francesco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper presents different mathematical structures connected with the parastatistics of braided Majorana qubits and clarifies their role; in particular, ‘mixed-bracket’ Heisenberg–Lie algebras are introduced. These algebras belong to a more general framework than theVolichenko algebrasdefined in 1990 by Leites–Serganova asmetasymmetrieswhich do not respect even/odd gradings and lead to mixed brackets interpolating ordinary commutators and anticommutators. In a previous paper braidedZ2-graded Majorana qubits were first-quantized within a graded Hopf algebra framework endowed with a braided tensor product. The resulting system admits truncations at roots of unity and realizes, for a given integers=2,3,4,…, an interpolation between ordinary Majorana fermions (recovered ats = 2) and bosons (recovered in thes→∞limit); it implements a parastatistics where at mosts − 1 indistinguishable particles are accommodated in a multi-particle sector. The structures discussed in this work are:-The Quantum group interpretation of the roots of unity truncations recovered from a (superselected) set of reps of the quantum superalgebraUq(osp(1|2));-The reconstruction, via suitable intertwining operators, of the braided tensor products as ordinary tensor products (in a minimal representation, theN-particle sector of the braided Majorana qubits is described by2N×2Nmatrices);-The introduction of mixed brackets for the braided creation/annihilation operators which define generalized Heisenberg–Lie algebras;-Thes→∞untruncated limit of the mixed-bracket Heisenberg–Lie algebras producing parafermionic oscillators;-(meta)symmetries of ordinary differential equations given by matrix Schrödinger equations in0+1dimension induced by the braided creation/annihilation operators;-In the special case of a third root of unity truncation, a nonminimal realization of the intertwining operators defines the system as a ternary algebra.
The quantum uncertainty relation for skew information of coherence
Authors: Zhao Ming-Jing , Cui Jie , Sun Yuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The quantum uncertainty relation characterizes the restriction of the quantum coherence on different measurement bases. The skew information of coherence is a coherence measure both operationally and informatically. We study the quantum uncertainty relation for the skew information of coherence under any two orthonormal bases. In qubit and qutrit systems, we derive the quantum uncertainty relations with the lower bounds in the factorized forms by the purity of quantum states and the incompatibility between two orthonormal bases. Especially the lower bound in qubit systems is strictly positive for non-maximally mixed states and incompatible orthonormal bases. These quantum uncertainty relations reveal the intrinsic relation among the coherence, the purity and the incompatibility between two orthonormal bases quantitatively. The advantages of these quantum uncertainty relations are illustrated by some specific examples. This method we developed here is beneficial to some other quantum uncertainty relations.
Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of a material based in recycled polyvinyl butyral PVB and high-density polyethylene HDPE determined in human peripheral leukocytes
Authors: Vieyra Horacio , Juárez Esmeralda , Figueroa-López Ulises , Alejo-Martínez Scarlette , Aguilar-Méndez Miguel Angel , San Martin-Martínez Eduardo , Guevara-Morales Andrea 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is a polymer resin byproduct of the automotive industry. Separation and recycling of PVB from automotive windshield production lines solve waste management issues. Recycled PVB may contribute to the development of new biomaterials, and the blending with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) broadens their usage range. Materials designed for biological applications must undergo pre-clinical safety evaluation, including in vitro biocompatibility and cytotoxicity testing. This study evaluated in vitro the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of thick composite films made of recycled PVB (rPVB), HDPE, and composites made of concentrations of both polymers using primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors. After culturing the PBMCs in the presence of the polymers and their blends for 24 h and seven days, no potential damage was observed, neither toxicity, nor inflammation induced in the cells. The microstructure and elemental analysis of the material revealed no potential toxicity concerns. Also, no acute release of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-a and IL1-b was observed, nor evidence of cell death, measured by the release of nucleosomes to the extracellular medium, and no damage to the cell monolayer at 24 h nor at 7 days of culture. The stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), used here as proinflammatory control, induced the significant release of both cytokines and caused damage to the cell monolayer. In conclusion, the pure recycled PVB, pure HDPE, and their composites are safe and biocompatible.
An experimental analysis of mechanical properties for a dissimilar pattern structure in the 3-D printing of a PLA5F filament using the Taguchi method
Authors: S Thamizh Selvan , M Mohandass 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many automobile components and machine parts can be fabricated using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process with materials such as Polylactic Acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PET-G), and polymeric composite materials (e.g., PLA with carbon fiber, PLA with glass fiber). In this study, a new polymeric composite material was fabricated using Polylactic Acid and natural flax fiber was analysed for tensile stress, elongation, and impact load resistance using Taguchi Analysis. This analysis optimized the printing parameters, including layer thickness (0.15, 0.25, 0.35 mm), nozzle movement speed (80, 100, 120 mm s−1), filling structure (Lines - a, Triangular - b, and Octet - c), and occupancy rate (20%, 40%, 60%). The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards for tensile strength (ASTM D638) and impact strength (ASTM D256) were used for evaluation. As a result, layer thickness was found to be the most effective variable for improving tensile characteristics, compared to extruder temperature, occupancy rate, or filling structure pattern. Mechanical properties including a layer thickness of 0.25 mm, an occupancy ratio of 20% for the bottom of the 2nd layer and 40% for the top of the 4th layer, triangular and octet filling structures, a nozzle speed of 100 mm s−1, and an extruder temperature of 200 °C are considered the most appropriate parameters for producing automotive parts in Three Dimensional (3D) Printing. Due to its tensile properties and impact strength resistance, these settings can be utilized in potential application in a wide variety of machine parts and vehicle components.
Entanglement propagation in integrable Heisenberg chains from a new lens
Authors: Azodi Peyman , Rabitz Herschel A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The exact single-magnon entanglement evolution in Heisenberg chains is obtained using the Quantum Correlation Transfer Function (QCTF) formulation. A dual, i.e., frequency and time-domain, analysis shows that the transient dynamics of individual spins’ entanglement is described via a Bessel function of the first kind. Through QCTF, we bypass the evaluation of the full system's state for the purpose of obtaining entanglement. Although it is known that the observable entanglement edge is formed by the arrival of a stream of quasi-particles that travel with the maximum group velocity, we show how the early quasi-particles travel faster than the maximum group velocity of the chain and contribute to entanglement production. Our results can be extended to the multi-magnon regime, therefore opening up the means to better interpret equilibration dynamics and thermodynamics in Heisenberg chains.
Net zero initiative in U.S. beef and dairy systems: integrative on-farm recommendations for greenhouse gas reduction
Authors: Vargas Juan J , Menezes Taís C , Auvermann Brent , Derner Justin D , Thoma Greg , Hales Kristin , Johnson Kristen , Leytem April B , Place Sara E , Plaut Josie , Ritten John , Thompson Logan , Stackhouse-Lawson Kimberly R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Beef and dairy production systems play an important role in society, providing a variety of ecosystem services. U.S. beef and dairy production systems require being aligned with the global and national effort to stabilize the anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere. This study adapted the nominal group technique framework to design a roadmap to achieving a net-zero GHG cattle supply chain in the U.S. with an emphasis on farm recommendations. Scientists with diverse expertise in sustainable beef and dairy production proposed, categorized, described, defined, and prioritized strategies that have the potential to significantly reduce GHG emissions, improve production system efficiencies, and promote sustainability. These strategies were presented to different stakeholders and classified according to the marginal GHG reduction, expected return on investment, and market readiness. Thus, strategies were defined for cow-calf and stocker, feedlot, and dairy operations, according to the characteristics of the cattle systems in the U.S. This net-zero roadmap presents a broad range of options for promoting sustainable cattle production in the U.S. Priority items for a research agenda to facilitate progress towards implementing this net-zero roadmap are described according to the dairy or beef production system and including the modulation of rumen fermentation, precision diet management, manure management, increasing animal and system efficiency, and genetic evaluation and selecting of efficient animals. The expected return on investment and market readiness of the proposed strategies depend on the technology type and system localization. Progress toward the net-zero goal depends on the widespread adoption of appropriate mitigation strategies. Future research programs must prioritize identified research needs to promote the wide adoption of the proposed strategies.
The surface downward longwave radiation of the CMIP6 HighResMIP in East Asia offline corrected by the three-dimensional sub-grid terrain longwave radiative effect scheme
Authors: Gu Chunlei , Huang Anning , Li Xin , Wu Yang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Terrain significantly regulates surface downward longwave radiation (SDLR). The CMIP6 HighResMIP models without the three-dimensional sub-grid terrain longwave radiative effects (3DSTLRE) produce large SDLR biases over complex terrains. This study applies the 3DSTLRE scheme to correct the SDLR simulated by these models in East Asia and assesses the correction’s effectiveness. Results indicate that the CMIP6 HighResMIP models without the 3DSTLRE clearly underestimate the SDLR over the rugged terrains and the underestimation increases with the sub-grid terrain complexity. The offline correction of 3DSTLRE can evidently improve the SDLR simulations in different seasons, and the improvements increase with the sub-grid terrain complexity. The most significant improvements are observed over the Himalayas, the Tibetan Plateau, the Tianshan Mountains, and the Hengduan Mountains. The relative root mean square error of SDLR simulations over the areas with the most complex sub-grid terrains can be decreased by ∼40% due to the offline correction of 3DSTLRE. Considering the 3DSTLRE may be an efficient way to improve the simulations of the SDLR and surface energy balance over the regions with complex sub-grid terrains.
Application of SPNGO-VMD-SVM in rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Ni Wenjun , Zhang Chang , Li ShuangTian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Traditional bearing fault feature extraction and fault classification methods have low recognition accuracy and limited recognition capability in noisy environments. To address this problem, this paper proposes an improved Northern Goshawk Algorithm to optimize the variational modal decomposition (VMD) and support vector machine (SVM) to achieve bearing fault diagnosis. Firstly, to overcome the disadvantages of the Northern Goshawk Algorithm, such as easy fall into local optimal solutions and slow convergence speed, the Sine Cosine Strategy (SCA) and Position Optimisation Search Algorithm (POS) are introduced to optimize the Northern Goshawk Algorithm. The improved algorithm is called SPNGO for short. The superiority of the SPNGO algorithm is proved by comparing different algorithms. Then, SPNGO-VMD is used to adaptively decompose the vibration signals of faulty bearings and generate multiple modal components IMF. The effective IMF components are screened based on the craggy principle to reconstruct the signals. Finally, the reconstructed feature signals are input into SPNGO-SVM for fault classification and compared with other fault diagnosis models. The research results show that the proposed SPNGO-VMD-SVM fault diagnosis model is compared with the data set of Case Western Reserve University and the data set of Xi’an Jiaotong University. The diagnostic accuracy of the two groups of experiments can reach 96.67% and 98.89% respectively, and the intelligent diagnosis of different fault states of rolling bearings can be realized simultaneously.
Static and dynamic characteristics of electrostatically coupled MEMS beams under asymmetric actuation conditions
Authors: Shankar Uma , Bhushan Anand 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Electrostatically actuated microbeams have gained prominence due to their applications as micro-actuators and ultrasensitive sensors. In this study, we investigate the dynamic behavior of electrostatically coupled microbeams, specifically focusing on the effects of asymmetric actuation conditions. Our investigation encompasses both static and dynamic characteristics of the coupled microbeam system, considering various gap ratios between the beams and the fixed electrodes. Within the coupled system, two doubly clamped microbeams are positioned between two fixed electrodes. We develop a reduced-order model (ROM) to investigate static and dynamic responses of the coupled system. To validate the ROM, we rigorously compare its results with finite element (FE) simulations. Our findings reveal that the gap ratios play a pivotal role in shaping the system’s response. Notably, first two natural frequencies are important for design of micro-resonators and they exhibit complex variation with respect to applied DC voltage. Moreover, we explore resonance frequency tunability and investigated interplay between geometric nonlinearity and nonlinear electrostatic actuation forces. These insights contribute significantly to the efficient design of MEMS resonators.
Research on high voltage circuit breaker multi-sensor signal feature selection method based on GA-Kmeans algorithm
Authors: Ma Suliang , Meng Zeqing , Shao Yang , Jiang Yuan , Xin Dixi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Currently, in the research on fault information of high-voltage circuit breakers (HVCBs) based on multi-sensor data, issues such as shallow feature assessment and unclear feature selection rules exist, leading to a decrease in fault identification accuracy due to redundant characteristics. To address this, this paper proposes a novel feature selection method based on GA-Kmeans. This method encodes the original feature space into binary format and employs the clustering accuracy of the Kmeans model as the fitness function to obtain a high-quality feature subset that maximally represents and distinguishes faults. By combining different feature selection methods with fault diagnosis models, six typical application scenarios are constructed. Results indicate that compared to traditional methods such as Relief-F, KPCA, GA-SVM for feature selection, and SVM for fault diagnosis, the proposed GA-Kmeans method reduces the dimensionality of the original feature space and employs the Kmeans clustering algorithm as the diagnostic model, achieving a final diagnostic accuracy of 95.29%. This method outperforms others, with a 37.24% higher diagnostic accuracy than SVM under the original feature space, and a decrease of 47.90% in standard deviation. This validates the necessity of feature selection and the superiority of the proposed method, providing a reliable and stable diagnostic basis for subsequent mechanical fault diagnosis of HVCBs.