bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Hybrid Non-Dominated Sorting Differential Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Bakhshipour Mohammad , Namdari Farhad , Bahador Nooshin 
Published: October 2016

This paper presents a new multi objective optimization algorithm with the aim of complete coverage, faster global convergence and higher solution quality. In this technique, the high-speed characteristic of particle swarm optimization (PSO) is combined with non-dominated differential evolutionary (NSDE) and an efficient multi objective optimization algorithm is created. This method posses high convergence characteristic in quite less execution times. Generating fewer populations to find the Pareto front also makes the proposed algorithm use less memory. For the purpose of performance evaluation, the algorithm is verified with four benchmarking functions on its global optimal search ability and compared with two recognized algorithm to assess its diversity. The capability of the suggested algorithm in solving practical engineering problems such as power system protection is also studied and the results are discussed in detail.
Analysis of Superconducting Fault Current Limiterin DC System with Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Rayudu S. Sanjeeva , Ganesh C. , Naik B. Vignesh 
Published: October 2016

Superconducting fault-current limiters (SFCLs) have been the subject of research and development for many years and offer an attractive solution to the problem of rising fault levels in electrical distribution systems. SFCLs can greatly reduce fault currents and the damage at the point of fault, and help improve the stability of a power system. Superconducting fault-current limiters (SFCL) provide a new efficient approach to the reliable handling of such faults.(SCFLs) can be used for various nominal voltages and currents, and can be adapted to particular limiting characteristics in case of short circuits. In this project, dc resistive type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is presented. This SFCL is designed for the HVDC system. Uniform current and voltage sharing among the SFCL modules can be observed through contact resistance tests, dc flow-through tests, and ac flow-through tests. Results of tests show that each limiting module has good uniformity in higher current system. The proposed concept can be implemented using renewable energy sources.The results are presented by using Matlab/Simulink platform.
A Naïve Visual Cryptographic Algorithm for the Transfer of Compressed Medical Images
Authors: Shivaputra Shivaputra , Sheshadri HS , Lokesha V 
Published: October 2016

The transmission of a suitably compressed image over a bandwidth, over long distances, gives rise towards a new era in the field of information technology. A gradual increase in this appending scenic application, involving the transfer of the images securely over the Ethernet has become an increasingly important aspect to be addressed during thou phenomenon, especially in the transfer of the digital medical images vividly, encapsulated with abundant information related to these images. The compressed medical images of the DICOM format contain certain amount of confidential data, pertaining to a clinical research or to an individual, and the confidentiality of the same has to be preserved from various security threats and eves-dropping. With a widespread applications among various multimedia applicative systems, telemedicine, medical imaging, military and certain safety-critical applications, inter-net and intra-net communicative applications, etc, a reliable transfer of suitable information, efficiently securely is considered as one of the revolutionary aims in today’s communication technology and visual cryptographic methodologies. Real-time applications as such detailed above majorly is concerned with the security measures and many algorithms have been developed as a proof for various visual cryptographic methodologies. In this paper we propose an efficient and a reliable visual cryptographic methodology which focuses on the encryption and decryption of the two-dimensional DICOM standard compressed medical image, effectively. This paper discusses an efficient design of 192 bit encoder using AES Rijndael Algorithm with the decomposition of an image into square image size blocks and the image blocks are shuffled using 2D CAT map. The shuffling of the image blocks/pixels employs a Logistic map of these image pixels coupled with 2D mapping of the pixels of the DICOM standard medical image, generated randomly, being the control parameter thereby creating a confusion between the cipher and the plain image, gradually increasing the resistive factor against the significant attacks. This paper proposes various analytical metrics such as correlation analysis, entropy analysis, homogeneity analysis, energy analysis, contrast and mean of absolute deviation analysis, to evaluate the proposed algorithm, and their suitability in image encryption applications.
Reductions in Atherogenic Lipids and Major Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Ray Kausik K. , Ginsberg Henry N. , Davidson Michael H. , Pordy Robert , Bessac Laurence , Minini Pascal , Eckel Robert H. , Cannon Christopher P. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
A continuous relationship between reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) has been observed in statin and ezetimibe outcomes trials down to achieved levels of 54 mg/dL. However, it is uncertain whether this relationship extends to LDL-C levels <50 mg/dL. We assessed the relationship between additional LDL-C, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B100 reductions and MACE among patients within the ODYSSEY trials that compared alirocumab with controls (placebo/ezetimibe), mainly as add-on therapy to maximally tolerated statin.

Methods:
Data were pooled from 10 double-blind trials (6699 patient-years of follow-up). Randomization was to alirocumab 75/150 mg every 2 weeks or control for 24 to 104 weeks, added to background statin therapy in 8 trials. This analysis included 4974 patients (3182 taking alirocumab, 1174 taking placebo, 618 taking ezetimibe). In a post hoc analysis, the relationship between average on-treatment lipid levels and percent reductions in lipids from baseline were correlated with MACE (coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization) in multivariable analyses.

Results:

Overall, 33.1% of the pooled cohort achieved average LDL-C <50 mg/dL (44.7%–52.6% allocated to alirocumab, 6.5% allocated to ezetimibe, and 0% allocated to placebo). In total, 104 patients experienced MACE (median time to event, 36 weeks). For every 39 mg/dL lower achieved LDL-C, the risk of MACE appeared to be 24% lower (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.63–0.91;
P
=0.0025). Percent reductions in LDL-C from baseline were inversely correlated with MACE rates (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.57–0.89 per additional 50% reduction from baseline;
P
=0.003). Strengths of association materially similar to those described for LDL-C were observed with achieved non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B100 levels or percentage reductions.

Conclusions:
In a post hoc analysis from 10 ODYSSEY trials, greater percentage reductions in LDL-C and lower on-treatment LDL-C were associated with a lower incidence of MACE, including very low levels of LDL-C (<50 mg/dL). These findings require further validation in the ongoing prospective ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT01507831, NCT01623115, NCT01709500, NCT01617655, NCT01644175, NCT01644188, NCT01644474, NCT01730040, NCT01730053, and NCT01709513.
Neural Systems Underlying Individual Differences in Intertemporal Decision-making
Authors: Elton Amanda , Smith Christopher T. , Parrish Michael H. , Boettiger Charlotte A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Excessively choosing immediate over larger future rewards, or delay discounting (DD), associates with multiple clinical conditions. Individual differences in DD likely depend on variations in the activation of and functional interactions between networks, representing possible endophenotypes for associated disorders, including alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Numerous fMRI studies have probed the neural bases of DD, but investigations of large-scale networks remain scant. We addressed this gap by testing whether activation within large-scale networks during Now/Later decision-making predicts individual differences in DD. To do so, we scanned 95 social drinkers (18–40 years old; 50 women) using fMRI during hypothetical choices between small monetary amounts available “today” or larger amounts available later. We identified neural networks engaged during Now/Later choice using independent component analysis and tested the relationship between component activation and degree of DD. The activity of two components during Now/Later choice correlated with individual DD rates: A temporal lobe network positively correlated with DD, whereas a frontoparietal–striatal network negatively correlated with DD. Activation differences between these networks predicted individual differences in DD, and their negative correlation during Now/Later choice suggests functional competition. A generalized psychophysiological interactions analysis confirmed a decrease in their functional connectivity during decision-making. The functional connectivity of these two networks negatively correlates with alcohol-related harm, potentially implicating these networks in AUDs. These findings provide novel insight into the neural underpinnings of individual differences in impulsive decision-making with potential implications for addiction and related disorders in which impulsivity is a defining feature.
Impacts of Sea Ice Thickness Initialization on Seasonal Arctic Sea Ice Predictions
Authors: Dirkson Arlan , Merryfield William J. , Monahan Adam 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A promising means for increasing skill of seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice is improving sea ice thickness (SIT) initial conditions; however, sparse SIT observations limit this potential. Using the Canadian Climate Model, version 3 (CanCM3), three statistical models designed to estimate SIT fields for initialization in a real-time forecasting system are applied to initialize sea ice hindcasts over 1981–2012. Hindcast skill is assessed relative to two benchmark SIT initialization methods (SIT-IMs): a climatological initialization currently used operationally and SIT values from the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS). Based on several measures of skill, sea ice predictions are generally improved relative to a climatological initialization. The accuracy with which the initialization fields represent both the thinning of the ice pack over time and interannual variability impacts predictive skill for pan-Arctic sea ice area (SIA) and regional sea ice concentration (SIC), with the most robust improvements obtained with SIT-IMs that best represent both processes. Similar skill to that achieved by initializing with PIOMAS, including skillful predictions of detrended September SIA from May, is obtained by initializing with two of the statistical models. Regional skill for September SIC is also enhanced using improved SIT-IMs, with an increase in the spatial coverage of statistically significant skill from 10% to 60%–70% of the appreciably varying ice pack. Reduced skill is seen, however, in the Nordic seas using the improved SIT-IMs, resulting from an inherent cold sea surface temperature bias in CanCM3 that is amplified by a thicker initial ice cover.
Barack Obama and uncertain knowledge
Authors: Fine Gary Alan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTruth claims pervade the world: assertions that a speaker wishes to persuade an audience are true or at least plausible. But how to judge? Much proposed knowledge has uncertain legitimacy, evaluated through assumptions of how the world operates or by the reputation of its sponsor. In other words, plausibility and credibility shape our judgments. As students of conspiracy theories recognize, many “facts” are available, too many to be easily judged as to their accuracy. Facts are promiscuous. As judges of likelihood, we conclude that some are false, others true, and still others taken out of context. Further, knowledge is never complete and so we must consider error and ignorance (a field of epistemology labeled agnotology) as well as accuracy and awareness. In this article I examine four critical allegations made about United States President Barack Obama: that he was born in Kenya, that he is Muslim, that he engaged in oral sex with another man, and that he is a socialist. While each of these claims may be false, they are false in different ways in light of the different criteria and strategies by which we weigh uncertainty.
Good News? A Longitudinal Analysis of Newspaper Portrayals of Mental Illness in Canada 2005 to 2015
Authors: Whitley Rob , Wang JiaWei 
Published: October 2016

Objectives: The overarching aim of this article is to assess media portrayals of mental illness in Canada. We hypothesise that portrayals have improved over time, related to the various antistigma activities of organisations such as the Mental Health Commission of Canada (MHCC). Specific objectives are to assess 1) overall tone and content of newspaper articles, 2) change over time, and 3) variables associated with positive or negative content. Methods: We collected newspaper articles from print and online editions of over 20 best-selling Canadian newspapers from 2005 to 2015 ( N = 24,570) that mentioned key search terms such as mental illness or schizophrenia. These were read by research assistants, who assessed tone and content for each article using preassigned codes and categories. Data were subjected to chi-squared and trend analysis. Results: Over the study period, 21% of the articles had a positive tone and 28% had stigmatising content. Trend analysis suggested significantly improved coverage over 11 years ( P < 0.001). For example, articles with a positive tone had almost doubled from 2005 (18.9%) to 2015 (34.8%), and articles with stigmatising content had reduced by a third (22.3% vs 32.7%). Analysis also suggested that articles on the front page, as well as articles in broadsheet newspapers, had significantly more positive coverage. Conclusions: The study indicates that news media coverage related to mental illness has improved over the past decade. This may be related to the concerted efforts of the MHCC, which has executed a targeted strategy aimed at reducing stigma and improving media coverage since 2007.
The implications of Montgomery vs. Lanarkshire Health Board for NHS patient information services
Authors: Scott Eve , Aziz Omer , Rushton Hazel , Anandadas Carmel 
Published: October 2016

English law around the sufficiency of the information provided to a patient as part of the consent process has evolved over time from being a decision for the clinician to make about what to disclose to one where the information must be bespoke to the individual patient about risks that would be material to them personally, but perhaps not necessarily to the next person. Failure to provide sufficient information for decision-making could result in a clinical negligence claim for ‘failure to warn’. The recent case of Montgomery versus Lanarkshire Health Board has significant implications for clinicians obtaining a patient's consent to treatment. The outcome of this case makes the planning of care truly patient-centred and puts the onus on the clinician to ascertain exactly what would be a material risk to that individual and ensure that they are given sufficient information on which to base an informed decision. This article discusses this step change in the legal requirements for the provision of information and how clinicians at The Christie, an English tertiary cancer centre, supported by our information services, have grasped this challenge of ensuring that patients are adequately informed about their treatment options. This article considers only competent adults being prepared for treatment.
Severe edentulism is a major risk factor influencing stroke incidence in rural Ecuador (The Atahualpa Project)
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H , Mera Robertino M , Zambrano Mauricio , Del Brutto Victor J 
Published: October 2016

Background There is no information on stroke incidence in rural areas of Latin America, where living conditions and cardiovascular risk factors are different from urban centers. Aim Using a population-based prospective cohort study design, we aimed to assess risk factors influencing stroke incidence in community-dwelling adults living in rural Ecuador. Methods First-ever strokes occurring from 1 June 2012 to 31 May 2016, in Atahualpa residents aged ≥40 years, were identified from yearly door-to-door surveys and other overlapping sources. Poisson regression models adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, edentulism and the length of observation time per subject were used to estimate stroke incidence rate ratio as well as factors influencing such incidence. Results Of 807 stroke-free individuals prospectively enrolled in the Atahualpa Project, follow-up was achieved in 718 (89%), contributing 2,499 years of follow-up (average 3.48 ± 0.95 years). Overall stroke incidence rate was 2.97 per 100 person-years of follow-up (95% CI: 1.73–4.2), which increased to 4.77 (95% CI: 1.61–14.1) when only persons aged ≥57 years were considered. Poisson regression models, adjusted for relevant confounders, showed that high blood pressure (IRR: 5.24; 95% CI: 2.55–7.93) and severe edentulism (IRR: 5.06; 95% CI: 2.28–7.85) were the factors independently increasing stroke incidence. Conclusions Stroke incidence in this rural setting is comparable to that reported from the developed world. Besides age and high blood pressure, severe edentulism is a major factor independently predicting incident strokes. Public awareness of the consequences of poor dental care might reduce stroke incidence in rural settings.
Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia: a rare, but not to be missed, cause of cardiogenic shock in adults
Authors: Boulé Stéphane , Détis Nicolas , Lamblin Nicolas 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We report the case of a 64-year-old woman who was admitted for cardiogenic shock caused by a permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia. If this incessant and drug-refractory form of tachycardia is a well-known cause of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathies in infants, its occurrence during adulthood is extremely rare. Catheter ablation is the recommended treatment of this condition.
The preprocessed connectomes project repository of manually corrected skull-stripped T1-weighted anatomical MRI data
Authors: Puccio Benjamin , Pooley James P , Pellman John S , Taverna Elise C , Craddock R Cameron 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
Skull-stripping is the procedure of removing non-brain tissue from anatomical MRI data. This procedure can be useful for calculating brain volume and for improving the quality of other image processing steps. Developing new skull-stripping algorithms and evaluating their performance requires gold standard data from a variety of different scanners and acquisition methods. We complement existing repositories with manually corrected brain masks for 125 T1-weighted anatomical scans from the Nathan Kline Institute Enhanced Rockland Sample Neurofeedback Study.

Findings
Skull-stripped images were obtained using a semi-automated procedure that involved skull-stripping the data using the brain extraction based on nonlocal segmentation technique (BEaST) software, and manually correcting the worst results. Corrected brain masks were added into the BEaST library and the procedure was repeated until acceptable brain masks were available for all images. In total, 85 of the skull-stripped images were hand-edited and 40 were deemed to not need editing. The results are brain masks for the 125 images along with a BEaST library for automatically skull-stripping other data.

Conclusion
Skull-stripped anatomical images from the Neurofeedback sample are available for download from the Preprocessed Connectomes Project. The resulting brain masks can be used by researchers to improve preprocessing of the Neurofeedback data, as training and testing data for developing new skull-stripping algorithms, and for evaluating the impact on other aspects of MRI preprocessing. We have illustrated the utility of these data as a reference for comparing various automatic methods and evaluated the performance of the newly created library on independent data.
Characterization of pre-Columbian artefacts in situ through handheld portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry: the case of ceramics from the Mochica site of San José de Moro (Peru)
Authors: Del-Solar-Velarde Nino , Kinis Stan , Chapoulie Rémy , Joannes-Boyau Renaud , Castillo Luis Jaime 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The famous archaeological site of San José de Moro (SJM) located in the Jequetepeque Valley (JV) represents one of the best-preserved pre-Columbian Mochica cemeteries uncovered along the north coast of Peru. SJM was a regional ritual centre where elites and the general population of all JV met to celebrate ceremonial events. Its role as a place of regional integration and coordination continued long after the disappearance of the Mochica and SJM was continuously occupied throughout the Late Mochica Period (8th–9th c. AD) and into the Transitional Period (9th–10th c. AD). Even though the abandonment of Mochica traditions in SJM (funerary practices and ceramic styles) appears quite rapid, SJM was constantly occupied whereby local traditions were being reshaped. During this time various styles of ritual ceramics from different traditions (Mochica, Cajamarca and Wari) were buried within ceremonial and funerary contexts. This research involves archaeometric studies of excavated painted diagnostic ceramic sherds representing four distinctive pre-Columbian typologies present at this site—Mochica fineline bichrome, Mochica fineline polychrome, coastal Cajamarca and Highland Cajamarca ceramics. For this study handheld portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (HHpXRF) instrumentation was operated in situ in order to (1) perform non-destructive trace element analysis (2) to assess if Cajamarca ceramics were further elaborated using the same raw materials employed by the Mochica potters of SJM, and (3) to establish whether or not Mochica and Cajamarca ceramics were truly technological markers in the lower part of the Jequetepeque valley.

Results
The chemical elements detected in the ceramic bodies by the portable technique and used for this analysis were: K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr and Y. All sherds that were identified as aesthetically different also differed chemically with the exception of the Mochica fineline bichrome and the Mochica fineline polychrome, which were produced in a coastal workshop using the same local raw materials. In addition, these sherds were not elaborated employing the same recipe used in the Coastal and Highland Cajamarca productions.

Conclusions
Mochica ceramic productions are stylistically and chemically different from both Coastal and Highland Cajamarca productions. Ceramics from San José de Moro are technological markers of two cultures (Mochica and Cajamarca) in the lower part of the Jequetepeque Valley that interacted during Late Mochica and through the Transitional periods.