bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of ionizing radiations on the development of the nervous system
Authors: Geets W. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe first cellular differentiation in the process of segmentation leads to the embryonic period, the major organogenetic period for the nervous system. In man, it appears between the second and the eighth week after conception.During the foetal and perinatal periods, the nervous organization mainly develops at the cerebellum and cerebral cortex levels. The cerebrum functional maturation continues well beyond birth.Neuroblasts are the most widespread mother-cells in the developing nervous system during the embryonic period, but some are still to be found after birth.Animal experiment has demonstrated that ionizing radiations were able to disorganize neurogenesis in any of its maturation stages, even at very low doses. It is possible to establish a chronological table showing the anatomical or functional deformities in relation with the embryonic age at which rays have been given.It appears that in man the most dangerous period is between the beginning of the second and the end of the eighth week after conception. At that moment, pregnancy is often ignored and a dose of 20 to 40 r is sufficient to entail serious damages, such as microcephaly, protrusions of the brain or mental retardation. On drawing near to birth the foetal or neonatal nervous system of rodents or primates is still radiosensitive, especially at the cerebral cortex level and the consequences will be of a neurophysiologic or psychosensorial nature. Certain embryopathies or neurologic alterations would only be apparent in subsequent generations, following mutations induced into the mother-cells of the nervous system. Genetic deformities of the nervous system can also result from moderate irradiations of the gonads.Further to the precise experimental research work on the radiovulnerability of the embryonic or foetal nervous system of the animal, certain clinical observations are presented, which lead to similar conclusions.The atomic bombardments have caused numerous neurological trouble among the children who had been irradiated in utero. And the genetic effects are not yet perfectly known to-date.This set of experimental and clinical data must prompt us to be very careful when using ionizing radiations, even at low doses, in pregnant women and newborn.
Strain and Sex Differences in Gastric Ulceration in Restrained Rats
Authors: Wilson T. R. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryMale and female rats of three different strains were subjected to physical restraint, when it was demonstrated that there is a relationship between the strain of the rat and its susceptibility to gastric ulcer formation. Severity of ulceration was greatest in Wistar rats. Hooded Wistar rats were also ulcer-susceptible, but not to such a great extent as Wistar animals. Sprague-Dawley rats were resistant to ulcer formation. Sex differences in ulcer severity were found only with restrained Hooded Wistar rats.The results of this investigation compare favourably with results published for individual strains of rats by other workers. It is possible that genetic influences may be responsible for the differences observed, but the way in which they operate is not understood.
A Case of Familial Chromosomal Aberration with G Group Mosaic
Authors: Gedda L. , Torrioli-Riggio G. , Romei L. , Alfieri A. , Calabresi F. , Porto G. Del , Gentile R. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA familial mosaicism involving chromosomes of group A. The father shows two clones: 46/normal and 47/trisomy A; the mother, 46/normal and 45/monosomy A. The two children are three clone mosaics: 45/monosomy A, 46/normal, 47/trisomy A.Only one of the children is phenotypically abnormal: the other three members of the family have a normal appearance.Relationship between karyotype and malformations is discussed. A tentative explanation is suggested.
A Note on the Frequency of Hairy Ear Rims Tragus Hair and Hairs on the Ear Lobe in Some South Indian Populations Residing at Delhi
Authors: Chattopadhyay P. K. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe South Indian populations differ from one another for the frequency of hairy ear rims, tragus hair and hairs on the ear lobe. The difference in the age of onset is not very striking. Whether they are due to the same gene, or genes, or to independent genes, cannot be answered until detailed pedigree studies are made.
Discordant gonadal hypogenesis in apparently MZ twins
Authors: Bigozzi U. , Borghi A. , Salti M. , Giusti G. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYA case of probably MZ twin girls is reported, one of which presenting a serious gonadal hypoplasia, macroschelia and a number of slight malformations, while the other appeared perfectly normal. Both twins presented positive sex-chromatine and a normal karyotype, i. e. 44 A + XX.After a review of twin cases of the « rudimentary gonad syndrome » — which may differ as to its origin, according to the various cases — the present case, the anomalies exhibited by one of the twins are probably the result of the action of a number of noxae, in the course of embryological or fetal life.
A New Estimate of Genetic Load from Inbreeding Data
Authors: Freire-Maia Ademar 
Published: July 2016

SummaryInbreeding effect revealed as mortality and morbidity in general may be ascribed to deleterious mutations generally present at different loci of the ancestors common to each consanguineous mating. A new coefficient (E) is suggested to measure this effect. On the basis of this theory, a new method to estimate the load of mutations disclosed by inbreeding has been presented elsewhere, and is now extended. In this method, the load is estimated without introducing gene frequency notions. Genetic loads estimated through our method are in rather close agreement to those estimated through the classical theory of Morton, Crow and Muller (MCM).
Antinuclear Antibody Factors and Nuclear Staining in Mothers of Children Affected with Down's Syndrome
Authors: Pollard Freddie L. , Zsako Steven , Kelsall Margaret A. , Kaplan Arnold R. 
Published: July 2016

SummarySera from 50 mothers of G1-trisomy affected children and from 50 age-matched mothers, whose offspring included no chromosomal-aneuploidy affected children, were tested for presence of antinuclear antibody factors and nuclear staining with human squamous epithelium and with mouse liver. Consistently, more of the mothers of G1-trisomy affected children included positive findings in both tests, compared to the age-matched mothers.
Malignant Tumors among Twins: A Study of Divergent Views
Authors: Keith Louis , Brown Eric 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAgreement prevails that MZ twins have higher concordance rates for cancer than do DZ twins. The exact genetic influence on concordance remains doubtful. Neither the patient groups nor the means by which data are analyzed are comparable. The naturally higher perinatal mortality rate among twins affects statistical analysis of diseases among surviving cotwins. Classification of zygosity among all studies of twins is not entirely reliable.A review of published reports of cancer among twins notes concordance in a variety of tumors. Genetic factors appear to operate either in the concordance of the cancer or in the site of the specific tumors. A genetic origin of tumors in MZ twins is possible. Tumors, including type, site, and age of onset, affect MZ twins more than both members of a DZ pair.Computerized permanent twin registers should be established for study of prospective follow-up of large twin populations. Suggestions are made for implementation.
Epidermal Ridge Configurations in a Boy with Triploid/Diploid Mosaicism
Authors: Böök J. A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe palm prints of a 2A,XY/3A,XXY patient displayed a scarcity of patterns and a wider than normal atd angle. Both hands had typical four-finger lines. The digits of the right hand had radial loops on II, III and V.
Costituzione Cromosomica 46, XX in Ermafrodita Umano Ambigonadico
Authors: Tomašić V. , Sepčić J. , Kružić M. , Ledić P. , Ćuk S. , Juranić K. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe authors present the case of a 42 years old hermaphrodite, showing bilateral ambigonadism with female nuclear sex and 46,XX karyotype. The psychological analysis reveals a female personality, which is in contrast with the male civil status: hence, a source of frustration and social inadaptation.
The Incidence of Inherited Defects of Colour Vision in Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Dutta P. C. , Kumar G. D. 
Published: July 2016

Summary1. Sex-linked type of defective colour vision among 608 unrelated students, including 251 males and 357 females belonging to different communities residing in Madhya Pradesh of India, was investigated. Males were found to have 3.19% defective colour vision; again, of the defectives the deutans were found to be exactly three times greater than the protans. Significantly, none of the females was colourblind.2. Brahmin of Madhya Pradesh displayed a comparatively low value of abnormal incidence being 2.88% among the other Brahmin samples. The occurrence of green-blind was found to be a little more than double of the red-blind in the sample, χ2 test for significance in respect of the total incidence of colour-blindness in various samples of Brahmin shows no heterogeneity (P>0.05). But, when certain Brahmin samples having a common origin are combined, some significant differences are brought out showing a clear statistical heterogeneity (P<0.02).
ABO Blood Groups and Sickle-cell Trait Investigations in Madhya Pradesh Indore District (Central India)
Authors: Kumar Narendra 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBlood samples from five hundred and ninety five individuals belonging to Indore district of west Madhya Pradesh were tested for ABO blood groups, and two hundred and ninety three of them were tested for the sickle-cell trait.The investigated groups include: the Kadve Kulmi, the Khati, the Rami Mali, the Balai, the Bhil and a mixed sample of various castes. The aforesaid groups, within the district, are found to be homogeneous, as far as the ABO blood groups distributions are concerned. Frequencies for the O, A and B genes have been found to be 0.5251, 0.1587 and 0.3162, respectively, in the pooled data.Sickle-cell trait has been detected in the Balai, the Charmakar or Chamar and the Bhil.
Über die geographische Verteilung von Zwillingsgeburten in Japan und in Deutschland
Authors: Ihda S. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe frequency of twin births in Japan was calculated with the aid of the births statistics of the Japanese government for 1955-1961, and compared with the corresponding data in Western Germany. The results are follows:1. The frequency of twin births in Japan is 0.64% of all births, while in Germany it is of 1.15%. The ratio of MZ to DZ twins is 63%: 37% in Japan and 32%: 68% in Germany.2. The present results are mainly in agreement with two previous reports by Komai (1936) and Inouye (1956).3. The frequency of MZ twin births in Japan is almost the same as in Germany, while the frequency of DZ twin births in Germany is about three times higher than in Japan. This study confirms the hypothesis that the difference of the frequency of twin births between Japan and Germany is only due to the difference of the frequency of DZ twin births.
The Ability to taste PTC among Swedish Men and Women (Nulliparae and others)
Authors: Romanus Torsten 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYAmong 2,005 Swedish men the percentage of “non-tasters” for PTC is 18.4 ± 0.9 and by 1,051 women 12.8 ± 1.0. The difference is 5.6 ± 1.4%. The difference of “non-tasters” between women who are nulliparae (437) and others (614) is 19.5 — 8.1 = 11.4 ± 2.2%.
Cutis Verticis Gyrata. Thyroaplasia and Mental Deficiency
Authors: Åkesson Hans Olof 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYA man of 32 is described suffering from a combination of three disorders: cutis verticis gyrata, severe mental deficiency and aplasia of the thyroid. Four of his close relatives were also severely retarded. The possibility is discussed of the syndrome being inherited through an X-linked recessive gene.
Innate Abilities, One or Many? A New Method and Some Results
Authors: Vandenberg Steven G. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKSA generalization of the F test is proposed to see how many independent components are statistically significant when the co-variances between DZ twin differences on several psychological tests are compared with similar co-variances for MZ twins. When applied to the 6 scores of Thurstone's Primary Mental Abilities test battery, at least 4 separate components were found to be significant independently. Then 4 components are tentatively identified as similar to, although not identical with, the Number, Verbal, Space and Word fluency scores. While the procedure bears some resemblance to factor analysis, it may lead to quite different results since it is based on the comparison of two co-variance matrices of twin differences.In conclusion, it should be kept in mind that these results are based on small samples of MZ and DZ twins, so that a repetition of the study seems indicated. This replication is now in progress.
La Complexe Contribution du Génotype à la Prédisposition Morbide
Authors: Gedda L. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe Author deals with the problem of morbid disposition from the genetic standpoint. He further reports and discusses the results obtained by studying 447 pairs of tuberculous brothers, as far as the age of onset, the clinical form and the localization of the tubercular process are concerned.Data are also reported concerning the morbidity of silicosis among 683 Sardinian mineworkers, especially concerning its frequency in the families of both affected and healthy propositi, for a total amount of 9,127 individuals examined. The results are also shown of a wide survey carried out on 293 single-born and 2,474 twins, concerning the following allergic diseases: eczema, asthma, urticaria and hay-fever. The possible mechanism of inheritance of morbid disposition is also discussed.
Tasting of P. T. G. among the Anglo-Indians of India
Authors: Bhattacharya D. K. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe Anglo-Indians of India have been tested for the Tasting of P.T.C. The frequency of non-tasters in general shows that the population is intermediate between the European and Indian frequencies. They show a rise in the non-taster gene frequency with the rise in the dosage of European ancestry in their parentage.The Mendelian law has further been established among the hybrid group as far as the frequency of non-taster gene frequency is concerned. In general the Anglo-Indians have 28.12 percent non-tasters of P.T.C., which shows a comparatively higher shifting towards the Indian range of values than towards the European one. It is explained to be due to the later practise of the Anglo-Indians to take in Indian brides, thus diluting the hybrids in favour of the base population.
Étude d'un Couple de Jumeaux Monozygotes dont un seul est atteint de Myopathie (Forme Pseudo-Hypertrophique)
Authors: de Grouchy J. , Lamy M. , Frézal J. , Garcin R. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe Authors report on a pair of MZ twins, only one of which affected by the Duchenne-type myopathy. Monozygosity is supported by the success of a reciprocal skin-graft.Various hypotheses are discussed, including that of a somatic mutation during the first division of the egge producing the twins.
A dual hereditary red blood cell defect in one family: Hypocatalasemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Szeinberg À. , de Vries À. , Pinkhas J. , Djaldetti M. , Ezra R. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYA family of Iranian-Jewish origin with two hereditary enzymatic defects in the red blood cells, catalase deficiency and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, is described. The two enzymatic defects were inherited independently of each other. The findings are compatible with a transmission of the catalase deficiency by an autosomal gene of incomplete dominance, the homozygous state resulting in severe catalase deficiency and the heterozygous state in intermediate catalase deficiency.
A study of osteopoikilosis
Authors: Landberg Torsten , Åkesson Hans Olof 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe clinical and histologic observations in an 18-year old male with osteopoikilosis are described. Twenty-four of the proband's relatives were roentgenographed; films were taken of their pelves, hips, knees and elbows. The father was found to have osteopoikilosis, but none of the others were affected.It has been attempted to figure out how osteopoikilosis is transmitted by a study of the family data given in the literature. Though it is realized that these data are biased because of their selective nature, it is suggested that osteopoikilosis is inherited as an autosomal dominant disease.
Il problema degli annessi nelle gravidanze gemellari
Authors: Gedda L. , Brenci G. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe Authors have investigated the problem of foetal membranes in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pregnancies. The material consisted of anamnestic information derived from the twin case files of Rome's Mendel Institute.In a sizable number of twin cases (3, 107) it was possible to establish zygosity and the various frequencies of monochorionic or dichorial single or double placenta.Statistical analysis of this material shows that the frequency of monozygotic twin pregnancies with one placenta and one chorion is 68.35%, while 31.65% have two placentae and two choria. On the other hand, 83.29% of dizygotic twin pregnancies have two placentae and two choria, while 16.71% have one placenta and one chorion.These figures exceed the material's margin of error, calculated on the basis of an appropriate index. Some case, diagnosed as bichorial with one placenta, are explained as due to two placentae fused into one piece, causing a mistaken diagnosis at birth.
Mental Illness, Mental Retardation, Mental Hygiene in Modern Culture
Authors: Bauer Julius 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe deterioration of mental health of our population is usually interpreted as the result of the increased modern life stress in our atomic age with its implications of the « cold war ». It is not a greater cultural life stress, however, but rather a lower individual resistance to it that accounts for the increased frequency of psychoneuroses in modern society. The term « mental retardation » comprises two categories: one is caused by genetic factors or acquired intra-and extrauterine diseases of infancy and childhood, the second is due to functional mental retardation if the normal individual genetic endowment has not developed to its full capacity and has persisted in a state of immaturity without any interference of a disease. The characteristics of such functional mental retardation (psychic infantilism) and their manifestation in society are outlined in detail. Instincts and emotions insufficiently inhibited by intellect determine the behavior of the functionally mentally retarded. Deficient ethics and responsibility are very often consequences of deficient intellect. Conformism is a subterfuge and evasion from personal responsibility. Exuberant imagination and fantasy of an immature mind, uncontroled by intellect, becoming prevalent in a schizoid personality have eliminated the concept of beauty-and this is the essence of aesthetics-from creative art, music and literature. Mental hygiene is chiefly the job of the family home and the teachers in primary and secondary schools. Education is more than drill and training. Teachers cannot be replaced by machines. Automation technics, recently used even for personality assessment, are out of place in this field.
Fusional Reserves and Psychological Variables in Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Shields James 
Published: July 2016

Summary and ConclusionsFollowing a suggestion of Gedda and Bérard-Magistretti, intra-pair differences between MZ twins in fusional reserves were compared with differences in psychological variables. While the strong relationship between twin leadership and FR which these workers found in twin children was not confirmed in the present small sample of 14 adult pairs, the twin with the higher FR tended to be the more introverted, the more intelligent and the one who volunteered for the investigation. He also tended to be the taller and the first born.Further studies, including the temporal reliability of scores of fusional convergence, are required before the value of this characteristic as a psychological criterion can be established.
La sideremia nei gemelli (Studio su 23 coppie MZ e 24 coppie DZ)
Authors: Gedda L. , Caprilli F. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe Authors have studied the blood iron level in 94 twins (23 MZ and 24 DZ pairs) aged from 6 to 14 years.Through the determination of the blood iron level a mean value of 45,59 mgs per 100 cc. of blood has been established. This value corresponds to that of single-born children of the same age; thus, the anemia ferri priva observed by Woodruff in twins during the first year of age may not apply to ensuing ages.The comparison of the blood iron level at the ages taken into consideration has shown a slights progressive lowering of the blood iron, which the Authors consider physiological. The comparison of the blood iron level between MZ and DZ twin-pairs has not revealed a significantly different behavior. The twin test appears thus to demonstrate that the blood iron level is not genotypically determined, but is environment-conditioned, generally through thermic and gaseous exchanges between the organism and the environment in which it lives.
Azione mitostatica dell'idrazina sulle cellule del tumore-ascite del topo Azione combinata con la colchicina
Authors: Torrioli Mario , Bevilacqua Letizia Riggio , Riggio Giuseppina Torrioli , Alfieri Alfonso 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe Authors show that the mitostatic action of hydrazine, ascertained on higher plants—is also present in the cells of Erlich's tumor-ascites in rats. Through the association of colchicine with hydrazine a metaphase-block is obtained, in which the number of affected cells as well as the ensuing cellular pathology are remarkably cleac. The Authors stress out the usefulness of the above association in mitotic pathology and its great possibilies in the field of the cytostatic therapy of leucoses and tumors.
Morfologia dei polinucleati neutrofili studiata con il metodo gemellare Nota seconda. Ancora sulla formula di Arneth
Authors: Riggio G. Torrioli , Reggiani L. Marchetti , Brenci G. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe Authors study the distribution of the various classes of Arneth's formula in 39 healthy MZ pairs, 38 healthy DZ pairs, 10 MZ pairs with non-concordant disease.They conclude that borh genetic and pathologic factors are relevant in the determination of the formula, and they will try to establish the importance of each factor through a further study on a group of DZ pairs with non-concordant disease.
Le psiconevrosi e le psicosi nei gemelli
Authors: Braconi L. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYAfter having examined the literature on the subject, the A. presents the study he has carried on 60 twin-pairs with one or both twins suffering from neurosis or psychosis.In 50 pairs a psychic suffering of neurotic type was present: out of the 20 MZ pairs, 18 were concordant with a percentage of 90%; out the 30 DZ pairs, 13 were concordant 43%.Although discriminating the various forms and admitting the interference of environmental factors and other somato-psychic and psychogenetic causes, in 50% of the cases an undoubted psychotic and neurotic heredity was ascertained.In the four pairs suffering from dysthymic psychosis the 3 MZ were concordant and the DZ discordant.In the four pairs suffering from schizophrenia the MZ pair was concordant while the 3 DZ pairs were discordant.In the two pairs of uncertain zygosity the concordance could not be extimated due to the death of the cotwin.Dysthymia seems to be trasmitted as a dominant character and schizophrenia as a recessive.Both dystymia and schizophrenia may undergo changes of expressivity with phenotypical characters which can be clinically mistaken as psychoneurotic forms.