bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viability of Pathologic Cartilage Fragments as a Source for Autologous Chondrocyte Cultures
Authors: Guillén-García Pedro , Rodríguez-Iñigo Elena , Guillén-Vicente Isabel , Guillén-Vicente Marta , Fernández-Jaén Tomás , Concejero Vicente , Val Daniel , Maestro Antonio , Abelow Steve , López-Alcorocho Juan Manuel 
Published: December 2015

Objective To study if a culture of chondrocytes can be obtained from pathologic hyaline cartilage (PHC) fragments. Design Twenty-five men and 9 women with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in 11 cases, arthrosis in 13 patients, and trauma in the remaining 10 cases were included. The PHC fragments and a small sample of the next healthy cartilage were extracted by arthroscopy. According to the appearance, the PHC samples were divided into fixed (3 cases), flapped (6 patients), or loose bodies (25 cases), depending on the attachment degree of the cartilage to the subchondral bone. Approximately half of each pathologic sample and the whole healthy one were digested to isolate the cells trying to establish the cell culture. Results We were able to establish a cell culture in 7 out of 34 (20.6%) PHC samples (positive samples), whereas in the remaining 27 (79.4%) no cell growth was observed (negative samples). Most of the negative samples were loose bodies ( P = 0.005) taken from patients with OCD or arthrosis ( P = 0.001) with an evolution time of more than 1 year ( P < 0.001). The best binary logistic regression model ( P < 0.001) showed that the only factor affecting the establishment of cell culture was the evolution time ( P = 0.044). Conclusion It is possible to culture chondrocytes from osteochondral fragments if they are traumatic, within a year of injury and not from fragments due to arthrosis or OCD.
Patients Scheduled for Chondrocyte Implantation Treatment with MACI Have Larger Defects than Those Enrolled in Clinical Trials
Authors: Foldager Casper Bindzus , Farr Jack , Gomoll Andreas H. 
Published: December 2015

Objective To compare characteristics for patients scheduled for autologous chondrocyte implantation with matrix-assisted chondrocyte implantation (MACI) with those enrolled in clinical trials and to describe differences in patient selection between countries. Design Anonymized data from patients scheduled for MACI treatment in the knee in Europe and Australia/Asia were obtained from the Genzyme/Sanofi database. Average age, defect size, and male-female ratio were analyzed and compared by country. Clinical cohort studies and prospective comparative trials using autologous chondrocyte implantation and related treatments were identified and weighted average age, weighted defect size, and male-female ratio were analyzed and compared with data from the database. Results From the database 2,690 patients were included with mean age 33.7 years and male-female ratio of 67:33. Mean defect size was 5.64 cm2 and 70% of the defects were 3 to 10 cm2. There were significant differences between patients’ mean defect sizes between countries. Sixty-nine studies (57 cohorts and 12 prospective comparative trials) with a total of 5,449 patients were identified. The combined weighted mean age was 34.2 years, and the combined weighted mean defect size was 4.89 cm2. Patients scheduled for MACI had significantly larger defects that those included in clinical trials. There was no significant difference in age. No differences were found between cohorts and prospective comparative trials. Conclusion The vast majority of patients scheduled for autologous chondrocyte implantation with MACI have chondral defect comparable to that generally recommended, but differences exist between countries. Patients enrolled in clinical trials have significantly smaller defects than those undergoing treatment outside controlled trials.
Metabolically healthy obesity and cardiovascular events: A systematic
review and meta-analysis
Authors: Eckel Nathalie , Meidtner Karina , Kalle-Uhlmann Tamara , Stefan Norbert , Schulze Matthias B 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Aims
Previous studies have provided inconsistent results about the cardiovascular risks for participants with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). These uncertainties might partly reflect the lack of a uniform definition of MHO. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether there is a suitable approach that identifies obese participants who are not at an increased risk of cardiovascular events compared with healthy normal-weight participants.

Methods and results
Twenty-two prospective studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. Using random-effect models, pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated for the combined effects of obesity with the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and any of these metabolic factors. Participants with MHO defined by the absence of metabolic syndrome were at increased risk for cardiovascular events compared with healthy normal-weight participants (pooled RR 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–1.70), but had lower risks than unhealthy normal-weight (RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.62–2.65) and obese (RR 2.31, 95% CI 1.99–2.69) participants. The risk associated with participants who had MHO was particularly high over the long term. Similar risk estimates were observed when MHO was defined by other approaches.

Conclusions
None of the approaches clearly identified an obese subgroup not at increased risk of cardiovascular events compared with normal-weight healthy participants. A benign obese phenotype might be defined by strict definitions, but insufficient studies exist to support this. More research is needed to better define MHO.
Attitude of Students to Clinical Legal Education: A Case Study of Faculty of Law, University of Ibadan
Authors: Adewumi Afolasade A. , Bamgbose Oluyemisi A. 
Published: December 2015

The students of the Faculty of Law, University of Ibadan were introduced to the clinical way of legal education in the year 2008. This is a new teaching method different from the traditional method of teaching law. A specialized Women’s Law Clinic was also inaugurated to complement the clinical work in the faculty. This article reflects on the attitude of the students to this development, using the results of an unstructured interview of some third- and fifth-year law students, some law graduates and some non-law students and graduates who were exposed to the clinical legal education (CLE) method of instruction. The article discusses the new teaching method and the effects on legal and advocacy skills, teamwork and students’ interest in the teaching of law courses. Results show that the attitude of students particularly is very positive towards CLE and it is preferred to the traditional method of teaching.
What Every CEO Needs to Know about Digital Marketing
Authors: O’Connor Brian 
Published: December 2015

During the last five years marketing underwent a sea change. It adopted more tools, applications and data than ever before. It is not unusual to see marketing teams use 70 software applications and publish hundreds of messages daily. By their nature, digital marketers interact with millions of customers and prospects daily. Their work shapes customers’ and prospects’ perceptions of your products and services. In the Internet era, they are your frontline employees. But recent studies point to a troubling gap: digital marketers believe their companies are only 34 per cent proficient (effective) at digital marketing. Which chief executive officer (CEO) would want efficiency if that creates a frontline function that, by its own account, is effective less than 50 per cent of the time? Just like a CEO would work with their service, sales or manufacturing functions to improve effectiveness, they must also work with their chief marketing officer (CMO’s) to improve digital marketing’s effectiveness. To do this, a CEO must understand digital marketing’s levers, what does a best-in-class organization do and the steps their organization can take to become more effective.
How Best-in-Class Marketers Serve as Value Creators
Authors: Patterson Laura , Rackley Jerry 
Published: December 2015

Even though marketers continue to plug away at measurement, marketing leaders still struggle with how to demonstrate the impact of marketing on business. Numerous studies have been conducted on the topic over nearly two decades. Is there anything new left to learn? There is, and as a result, this article shares the insights Demand Metric and VisionEdge Marketing learned from the fourteenth century annual marketing performance measurement and management study conducted with over 360 business executives and marketing professionals from around the world across all industries. The study sought answers to three questions: How much progress, if any, have marketers made in being able to measure contribution, value and impact? Which marketers are making progress? What are the marketers who are excelling at marketing performance management (MPM), doing better and differently?
Structural basis for PECAM-1 homophilic binding
Authors: Paddock Cathy , Zhou Dongwen , Lertkiatmongkol Panida , Newman Peter J. , Zhu Jieqing 
Published: December 2015

Key PointsPECAM-1 is enriched at endothelial cell intercellular junctions, where it regulates leukocyte trafficking and vascular permeability. An atomic-level model of junctional PECAM-1 has been built based on a 2.8-Å resolution structure of its homophilic-binding domain.
Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of GATA2-related myelodysplastic syndromes in children and adolescents
Authors: Wlodarski Marcin W. , Hirabayashi Shinsuke , Pastor Victor , Starý Jan , Hasle Henrik , Masetti Riccardo , Dworzak Michael , Schmugge Markus , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry , Ussowicz Marek , De Moerloose Barbara , Catala Albert , Smith Owen P. , Sedlacek Petr , Lankester Arjan C. , Zecca Marco , Bordon Victoria , Matthes-Martin Susanne , Abrahamsson Jonas , Kühl Jörn Sven , Sykora Karl-Walter , Albert Michael H. , Przychodzien Bartlomiej , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Schwarz Stephan , Göhring Gudrun , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Cseh Annámaria , Noellke Peter , Yoshimi Ayami , Locatelli Franco , Baumann Irith , Strahm Brigitte , Niemeyer Charlotte M. 
Published: December 2015

Key PointsGermline GATA2 mutations account for 15% of advanced and 7% of all primary pediatric MDS and do not influence overall survival. The majority (72%) of adolescents with MDS and monosomy 7 carry an underlying GATA2 deficiency.
Tooth and scale morphogenesis in shark: an alternative process to the mammalian enamel knot system
Authors: Debiais-Thibaud Mélanie , Chiori Roxane , Enault Sébastien , Oulion Silvan , Germon Isabelle , Martinand-Mari Camille , Casane Didier , Borday-Birraux Véronique 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe gene regulatory network involved in tooth morphogenesis has been extremely well described in mammals and its modeling has allowed predictions of variations in regulatory pathway that may have led to evolution of tooth shapes. However, very little is known outside of mammals to understand how this regulatory framework may also account for tooth shape evolution at the level of gnathostomes. In this work, we describe expression patterns and proliferation/apoptosis assays to uncover homologous regulatory pathways in the catsharkScyliorhinus canicula.ResultsBecause of their similar structural and developmental features, gene expression patterns were described over the four developmental stages of both tooth and scale buds in the catshark. These gene expression patterns differ from mouse tooth development, and discrepancies are also observed between tooth and scale development within the catshark. However, a similar nested expression of Shh and Fgf suggests similar signaling involved in morphogenesis of all structures, although apoptosis assays do not support a strictly equivalent enamel knot system in sharks. Similarities in the topology of gene expression pattern, including Bmp signaling pathway, suggest that mouse molar development is more similar to scale bud development in the catshark.ConclusionsThese results support the fact that no enamel knot, as described in mammalian teeth, can be described in the morphogenesis of shark teeth or scales. However, homologous signaling pathways are involved in growth and morphogenesis with variations in their respective expression patterns. We speculate that variations in this topology of expression are also a substrate for tooth shape evolution, notably in regulating the growth axis and symmetry of the developing structure.
Children’s daily activities and knowledge acquisition: A case study among the Baka from southeastern Cameroon
Authors: Gallois Sandrine , Duda Romain , Hewlett Barry , Reyes-García Victoria 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe acquisition of local knowledge occurs through complex interactions between individual and contextual characteristics: as context changes, so it changes the acquisition of knowledge. Contemporary small-scale societies facing rapid social-ecological change provide a unique opportunity to study the relation between social-ecological changes and the process of acquisition of local knowledge. In this work, we study children’s involvement in subsistence related activities (i.e., hunting and gathering) in a context of social-ecological change and discuss how such involvement might condition the acquisition of local knowledge during childhood.MethodsWe interviewed 98 children from a hunter-gatherer society, the Baka, living in two different villages in southeastern Cameroon and assessed their involvement in daily activities. Using interviews, we collected self-reported data on the main activities performed during the previous 24 h. We describe the frequency of occurrence of daily activities during middle childhood and adolescence and explore the variation in occurrence according to the sex, the age group, and the village of residency of the child. We also explore variation according to the season in which the activity is conducted and to the predicted potential of the activity for the acquisition of local knowledge.ResultsBaka children and adolescents engage in subsistence-related activities (i.e., hunting and gathering) and playing more frequently than in other activities (i.e., traditional tales or schooling). Gender differences in children’s subsistence activities emerge at an early age. Engagement in activities also varies with age, with adolescents spending more time in agricultural activities, modern leisure (i.e., going to bars), and socializing than younger children. When conducting similar activities, adolescents use more complex techniques than younger children.ConclusionSubsistence activities, which present a high potential for transmission of local knowledge, continue to be predominant in Baka childhood. However, Baka children also engage in other, non-traditional activities, such as modern forms of leisure, or schooling, with a low potential for the transmission of local knowledge. Baka children’s involvement in non-traditional activities might have unforeseen impacts on the acquisition of local knowledge.
The number of polyploid giant cancer cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins are associated with invasion and metastasis in human breast cancer
Authors: Fei Fei , Zhang Dan , Yang Zhengduo , Wang Shujing , Wang Xian , Wu Zhengsheng , Wu Qiang , Zhang Shiwu 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background
Previously, we reported that polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2) could have generated daughter cells with strong invasiveness and migration capabilities via asymmetric divisions. This study compared the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin, between PGCCs and their daughter cells, and control breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The clinicopathological significance of EMT-related protein expression in human breast cancer was analyzed.

Methods
Western blot was used to compare the expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin in breast cancer lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, between PGCCs with budding daughter cells and control breast cancer cells. Furthermore, 167 paraffin-embedded breast tumor tissue samples were analyzed, including samples obtained from 52 patients with primary breast cancer with lymph node metastasis (group I) and their corresponding lymph node metastatic tumors (group II), 52 patients with primary breast cancer without metastasis (group III), and 11 patients with benign breast lesions (group IV). The number of PGCCs was compared among these four groups.

Results
The number of PGCCs increased with the malignant grade of breast tumor. Group IIhad the highest number of PGCCs and the differences among group I, II, III and IV had statistically significance (P =0.000). In addition, the expression of E-cadherin (P = 0.000), N-cadherin (P = 0.000), and vimentin (P = 0.000) was significantly different among the four groups. Group II exhibited the highest expression levels of N-cadherin and vimentin and the lowest expression levels of E-cadherin.

Conclusions
These data suggest that the number of PGCCs and the EMT-related proteins E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin may be valuable biomarkers to assess metastasis in patients with breast cancer.
Inhibition of Oct 3/4 mitigates the cardiac progenitor-derived myocardial repair in infarcted myocardium
Authors: Zhao Yu Tina , Du Jianfeng , Chen Youfang , Tang Yaoliang , Qin Gangjian , Lv Guorong , Zhuang Shougang , Zhao Ting C. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background
Recent evidence has demonstrated that cardiac progenitor cells play an essential role in the induction of angiomyogenesis in infarcted myocardium. We and others have shown that engraftment of c-kit+ cardiac stem cells (CSCs) into infarcted hearts led to myocardium regeneration and neovascularization, which was associated with an improvement of ventricular function. The purpose of this study is aimed at investigating the functional role of transcription factor (TF) Oct3/4 in facilitating CSCs to promote myocardium regeneration and preserve cardiac performance in the post-MI heart.

Methods
c-kit+ CSCs were isolated from adult hearts and re-introduced into the infarcted myocardium in which the mouse MI model was created by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The Oct3/4 of CSCs was inhibited by transfection of Oct3/4 siRNA, and transfection of CSCs with control siRNA serves as control groups. Myocardial functions were evaluated by echocardiographic measurement. Histological analysis was employed to assess newly formed cardiogenesis, neovascularization, and cell proliferations. Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was carried out to assess apoptotic cardiomyocytes. Real time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were carried out to evaluate the level of Oct 3/4 in CSCs.

Results
Two weeks after engraftment, CSCs increased ventricular functional recovery as shown by a serial echocardiographic measurement, which is concomitant with the suppression of cardiac hypertrophy and attenuation of myocardial interstitial fibrosis. Suppression of Oct 3/4 of CSCs abrogated functional improvements and mitigated the hypertrophic response and cardiac remodeling. Transplantation of c-kit+ CSCs into MI hearts promoted cardiac regeneration and neovascularization, which were abolished with the knockdown of Oct3/4. Additionally, suppression of Oct3/4 abrogated myocyte proliferation in the CSC-engrafted myocardium.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that CSCs-derived cardiac regeneration improves the restoration of cardiac function and is mediated through Oct 3/4.
Value of big data to finance: observations on an internet credit Service Company in China
Authors: Zhang Shaofeng , Xiong Wei , Ni Wancheng , Li Xin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background
his paper presents a case study on 100Credit, an Internet credit service provider in China. 100Credit began as an IT company specializing in e-commerce recommendation before getting into the credit rating business. The company makes use of Big Data on multiple aspects of individuals’ online activities to infer their potential credit risk.

Methods
Based on 100Credit’s business practices, this paper summarizes four aspects related to the value of Big Data in Internet credit services.

Results
1) value from large data volume that provides access to more borrowers; 2) value from prediction correctness in reducing lenders’ operational cost; 3) value from the variety of services catering to different needs of lenders; and 4) value from information protection to sustain credit service businesses.

Conclusion
The paper also discusses the opportunities and challenges of Big Data-based credit risk analysis, which needs to be improved in future research and practice.
The sweet spot: how GAGs help chemokines guide migrating cells
Authors: Monneau Yoan , Arenzana-Seisdedos Fernando , Lortat-Jacob Hugues 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans are polysaccharides that occur both at the cell surface and within extracellular matrices. Through their ability to bind to a large array of proteins, almost 500 of which have been identified to date, including most chemokines, these molecules regulate key biologic processes at the cell–tissue interface. To do so, glycosaminoglycans can provide scaffolds to ensure that proteins mediating specific functions will be presented at the correct site and time and can also directly contribute to biologic activities or signaling processes. The binding of chemokines to glycosaminoglycans, which, at the biochemical level, has been mostly studied using heparin, has traditionally been thought of as a mechanism for maintaining haptotactic gradients within tissues along which cells can migrate directionally. Many aspects of chemokine–glycosaminoglycan interactions, however, also suggest that the formation of these complexes could serve additional purposes that go well beyond a simple immobilization process. In addition, progress in glycobiology has revealed that glycosaminoglycan structures, in term of length, sulfation, and epimerization pattern, are specific for cell, tissue, and developmental stage. Glycosaminoglycan regulation and glycosaminoglycan diversity, which cannot be replicated using heparin, thus suggests that these molecules may fine-tune the immune response by selectively recruiting specific chemokines to cell surfaces. In this context, the aim of the present text is to review the chemokine–glycosaminoglycan complexes described to date and provide a critical analysis of the tools, molecules, and strategies that can be used to structurally and functionally investigate the formation of these complexes.