bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of acute kidney injury continuum in children
Authors: Chisavu Flavia , Gafencu Mihai , Stroescu Ramona , Chisavu Lazar , Schiller Adalbert 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The continuum of kidney damage after an AKI episode is poorly explored in the paediatric population.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study on 2346 children with AKI from a tertiary care hospital in Romania over a 9-year period. The main objective was to evaluate the impact of AKI duration on mortality and the risk of new-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Results
Out of 2346 AKI patients, transient AKI was present in 655 patients (27.9%), persistent AKI in 1009 children (43%) and acute kidney disease in 682 patients (29.1%). In contrast to transient AKI, children who developed acute kidney disease were younger, with a higher degree of anaemia, lower number of platelets, higher procalcitonin, higher LDH, higher GGT, higher urea and higher serum creatinine levels. The pre-renal cause of AKI was the leading cause regardless of AKI duration. As kidney injury progressed over time, there was an increasing incidence of the intrinsic causes of AKI (11.1% in transient AKI, 13.2% in persistent AKI and 22.6% in acute kidney disease). Acute kidney disease patients had the highest mortality rate (16.42%), followed by transient AKI (14.66%) and persistent AKI (9.81%). Overall mortality increased in the presence of renal microvascular alterations, acute tubular necrosis, lower haemoglobin, serum proteins and platelets, and higher procalcitonin levels.

Conclusions
The continuum of AKI expressed as acute kidney disease resulted in an increased risk of new-onset CKD. CKD was influenced by the intrinsic cause of AKI and not by AKI severity.

Graphical abstract
Closed-form solutions for the optimal parameters of three inerter-enhanced dampers (IEDs) equipped on a ground acceleration-excited structure
Authors: Li Jiao , Qiao Xiaolin , Cheng Zhibao , Shi Zhifei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReplacing the viscous damper of tuned mass damper (TMD) with the proposed inerter-enhanced dampers (IEDs), novel vibration mitigation methods, namely the IED-TMDs, are proposed. Unlike the TMD, which brings only one additional freedom into the system, the proposed IED-TMDs introduce more freedoms into the considered dynamic system. As a result, the traditional fixed-point theory cannot be used. To address this issue, this paper develops an extended fixed-point theory. Firstly, the inerter and the springs of the IED-TMDs are optimized considering that all four fixed points are of the same height. The closed-form solutions for the optimal inerter and springs of the IED-TMDs are obtained. Secondly, to obtain the optimal damping ratio for the IED-TMDs with multi-fixed points, a new optimization criterion is introduced. Different from the traditional fixed-point theory which controls the slope of the transfer function at the fixed points, the new optimization criterion assumes that the local peaks of the transfer function in between the four fixed points have the same height as the fixed points. And, a flat plateau is achieved in the transfer function. Further, the closed-form solutions for the optimal damping ratio are simplified in consideration of actual applications. Finally, the vibration mitigation performance of the IED-TMDs is evaluated. Results show that the vibration mitigation performance of IED-TMDs is superior to that of the conventional TMD. This superior vibration mitigation performance is more significant for the IED-TMDs with a smaller mass ratio.
Physico-mechanical measurements, functional properties, proximate composition of newly developed climate-resilient cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties and their classification with near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Doe-Addo K. S. , Tengey T. K. , Boakye A. , Zaukuu J-L. Z. , Oduro I. N. , Ellis W. O. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCowpea is an important staple in Ghana and many tropical and subtropicalregions. Improving food security and agricultural sustainability for these crops requires the development of climate-resilient varieties.This study aimed to classify five newly developed climate-resilient cowpea varieties—Bawutawuta, SAMPEA 14, SARI-tuya, IT13K-1070–2, and IT07K-299–6—using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for classification, while standard methods were used to evaluate their composition, functional and physico-mechanical properties. Proximate composition, including moisture, protein, ash, fat, crude fiber, and carbohydrates, was determined according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. NIRS data was processed within the 950–1650 nm range to reduce spectral noise, employing Savitzky-Golay smoothing for baseline correction. Linear Discriminant Analysis facilitated multi-class classification, with cross-validation performed using a leave-one-sample-out method to evaluate recognition and prediction accuracy. The cowpea varieties exhibited significant differences in their chemical and physico-mechanical properties. Moisture content ranged from 7.21% to 10.88%, protein from 22.84% to 32.53%, ash from 0.90% to 1.81%, fat from 2.56% to 9.13%, crude fiber from 2.90% to 4.78%, and carbohydrates from 47.43% to 53.85%. NIRS analysis demonstrated high sensitivity, achieving a recognition accuracy of 98.08% and a prediction accuracy of 96.19%. Bawutawuta and SARI-tuya presented distinct spectral profiles, while SAMPEA 14, IT13K-1070–2, and IT07K-299–6 showed overlapping spectra. These findings provide valuable insights into the unique attributes of each cowpea variety, which can be leveraged to optimize agricultural practices, processing, and storage of these climate-resilient varieties.
African Studies Keyword: “Transformation”
Authors: Hudani Shakirah E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the African Studies literature “transformation” emerges as a capacious discursive field and project of state power. In this Keyword article, I move from postindependence questions of transformative social change to violence as a transformative project of the nation-state, examining its imbrication with questions of transition and state aftermaths. I analyze transformation as a promise of worldmaking around horizons of the “post”: postapartheid, postconflict, and postcolonial. I then consider textures of transformative urbanism in changing African cities, and analyze processes implicated in reclaiming forms of discard, positing transformation as recuperation. Transformation is ultimately a multidirectional conceptual field capable of remaking personal worlds and theoretical orientations.
Implication of serum copper level, serum zinc level, and copper to zinc ratio in neonatal sepsis
Authors: Saadat Seyed Hossein , Goodarzi Rakhshaneh , Kargarian Marvasti Sadegh , Montazerghaem Sobhan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Zinc and copper are trace elements that have important roles in the function of the immune system. We aimed to compare serum zinc and copper levels in neonates with and without neonatal sepsis.

Methods:
This case–control study examined 54 newborns with sepsis and 54 matched healthy controls admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Children’s Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Neonates with the diagnosis of sepsis were regarded as cases and those admitted for other reasons were regarded as controls. Maternal and neonatal serum zinc and copper were measured on admission. Copper, zinc, and copper/zinc ratio differences between case and control groups were analyzed.

Results:
Neonatal zinc levels were significantly lower in the sepsis group versus controls (88.65 ± 40.64 vs 143.48 ± 69.57μg/dL, p < 0.001). Sepsis group mothers had lower zinc (66.04 vs 83.37μg/dL, p = 0.008) and copper (124.09 vs 157.74μg/dL, p < 0.001). Neonatal copper levels were slightly lower in the sepsis group. Copper/zinc ratio was significantly higher in the sepsis group (p < 0.001). In the sepsis group, the interval to the resolution of sepsis symptoms was significantly shorter in neonates with excess compared to sufficient copper levels (P = 0.023).

Conclusions:
Serum copper and zinc levels have an important role in the immune system’s response to the infection. Neonatal serum copper at levels higher than normal can lead to significantly shorter hospital stay. Also, higher Cu/Zn ratios can be found in neonatal sepsis, suggesting the potential utility of this index in the diagnosis of sepsis.
Gaps and opportunities for measuring equity with the Translational Science Benefits Model: Recommendations from the Center for American Indian and Alaska Native Diabetes Translation Research
Authors: Huebschmann Amy G. , Brega Angela G. , Stotz Sarah A. , Shane Aliassa L. , King Roxanna , Jernigan Valarie Blue Bird , Clyma Kaylee R. , Goins R. Turner , Ferguson Gary L. , Parker Tassy , Tsosie Nathania , Mumby Sara J. , Manson Spero M. , Fort Meredith P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Translational research needs to show value through impact on measures that matter to the public, including health and societal benefits. To this end, the Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) identified four categories of impact: Clinical, Community, Economic, and Policy. However, TSBM offers limited guidance on how these areas of impact relate to equity. Central to the structure of our Center for American Indian and Alaska Native Diabetes Translation Research are seven regional, independent Satellite Centers dedicated to community-engaged research. Drawing on our collective experience, we provide empirical evidence about how TSBM applies to equity-focused research that centers community partnerships and recognizes Indigenous knowledge. For this special issue – “Advancing Understanding and Use of Impact Measures in Implementation Science” – our objective is to describe and critically evaluate gaps in the fit of TSBM as an evaluation approach with sensitivity to health equity issues. Accordingly, we suggest refinements to the original TSBM Logic model to add: 1) community representation as an indicator of providing community partners “a seat at the table” across the research life cycle to generate solutions (innovations) that influence equity and to prioritize what to evaluate, and 2) assessments of the representativeness of the measured outcomes and benefits.
Exploring the Association Between Floods and Diarrhea among Under-five Children in Rural India
Authors: Saha Jayanti , Hussain Dilwar , Debsarma Dhiman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Flood is one of the major public health concerns increasing the risk of childhood diarrhea. This study aims to explore the association of floods with diarrhea among under-five children in rural India.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out using large-scale nationally representative data from the National Family Health Survey-5. The Central Water Commission reports between the years 2018 and 2020 were used to group all the districts as non-flood-affected districts or flood-affected districts. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to assess the association of floods with childhood diarrhea.

Results
The prevalence of diarrhea was higher among children exposed to three consecutive floods during the year 2019-21 than those children not exposed to flood. Children exposed to flood three times between the year 2018-19 to 2020-21 were associated with a 34% higher likelihood of developing diarrhea than those children exposed to flood one or two times.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that community health workers should target mothers belonging to the poor wealth quintile, young mothers, and mothers with young infants and more children to receive child health related counseling in flood-prone areas.
Does digital service trade promote inclusive domestic growth? – Empirical research of 46 countries
Authors: Yeerken Alai , Feng Deng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study utilises panel data of 46 countries from 2005 to 2019 to examine the impact of digital service trade (DST) on inclusive growth. Inclusive growth is a growth model that promotes economic growth and development, while also building social equity and inclusiveness and balancing environmental sustainability. The findings indicate that a nation’s DST development significantly fosters domestic economic growth and development, specifically through its employment enhancement effect. DST substantially promotes social equity and inclusiveness, mainly through the inclusive innovation effect. However, DST is also found to increase carbon emissions, impeding environmentally sustainable growth, specifically via the energy demand effect. Hence, DST exerts diverse impacts on different facets of inclusiveness. The study also reveals heterogeneity in the effects of DST on the three aspects of inclusive growth related to trade’s import–export dynamics, income levels, and DST barrier intensities. This paper contributes to and refines the body of research on the relationship between DST and inclusive growth. It offers policy suggestions for crafting more open and mutually beneficial DST policies to foster social equity and inclusive global trade.
Broadband near-perfect capture of water wave energy by an array of heaving buoy wave energy converters
Authors: Westcott Amy-Rose , Bennetts Luke G. , Sergiienko Nataliia Y. , Cazzolato Benjamin S. 
Published: October 2024

Arrays of heaving buoy type wave energy converters (WECs) are a promising contender to harness the renewable power of ocean waves on a commercial scale but require strategies to achieve efficient capture of wave energy over broad frequency bands for economic viability. A WEC-array design is proposed for absorption over a target frequency range in the two-dimensional water wave context by spatially grading the resonant properties of WECs via linear spring–damper power take-off mechanisms. The design is based on theories for rainbow reflection and rainbow absorption, which incorporate analyses based on Bloch wave modes and pole–zero pairs in complex frequency space. In contrast to previous applications of these theories, the influence of a higher-order passband and associated pole–zero pairs are shown to influence absorption at the high-frequency end of the target interval. The theories are used to inform initialisations for optimisation algorithms, and an optimised array of only five WECs is shown to give near-perfect absorption ($\geq$99 %) over the target interval. Broadband absorption is demonstrated when surge and pitch motions are released, for irregular sea states, and for incident wave packets in the time domain, where the time-domain responses are decomposed into Bloch modes to connect with the underlying theory.
Beyond Migrant Penalty: How Marginalization Between Ethnicities in the Labor Market Is Revealed Across 16 Developed Economies
Authors: Lee Juhyun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper analyses the ethnic penalty by focusing on the racialization of labor market outcomes beyond the migrant penalty. An illegitimate statistical or taste-based discrimination can be revealed specifically by distinguishing migrants into ethnic groups. Accordingly, ethnic penalty based on five different ethnic groups was estimated through the difference in employment and job quality with respect to natives. The analysis was conducted at the country and European average levels using 16 European countries under a framework of ethnic penalty processes in the labor market. According to the analysis, Eastern Europeans were the most prominent ethnicity regarding higher employment across the 16 countries, although they were mostly posited in unskilled jobs. Migrants from the Middle East and North Africa were shown to be subject to a double penalty in both measures, and the penalty tendency was much clearer for females. Asians and South Americans showed the least penalty, while sub-Saharan Africans were revealed to hold an in-between position.
Geology and40Ar/39Ar age of the Khopoli olivine gabbro intrusion, Konkan Plain, western Deccan Traps
Authors: Shekhar Arunodaya , Jourdan Fred , Cucciniello Ciro , Naik Anmol , Sheth Hetu , Astha B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Khopoli intrusion is a small olivine gabbro intrusion exposed in the Konkan Plain, in the western part of the Deccan Traps continental flood basalt province. It intrudes lavas of the Neral and Thakurvadi formations, which belong to the lower part of the Western Ghats stratigraphic sequence and mainly comprise small-scale compound pāhoehoe flows and sheet lobes, respectively. Many of these lavas contain abundant cumulus olivine and clinopyroxene. The Khopoli intrusion is of considerable interest because its olivine gabbros are among the most magnesian Deccan rocks known, with bulk-rock MgO contents reaching 27 wt.%. Textural, mineralogical and geochemical features indicate that the olivine gabbros are olivine-pyroxene cumulates formed from an evolved tholeiitic basalt melt. Much of the original outcrop of the intrusion (mapped in 1980) is now lost owing to large-scale urban and industrial development. We have remapped the intrusion and obtained a40Ar/39Ar age of 67.3 ± 1.5 Ma (2σ) on fresh intercumulus plagioclase grains separated from one of the olivine gabbros, which is consistent with the age of the host volcanic sequence. Measured true density values of 2.93 to 3.13 g/cm3for olivine gabbros of the Khopoli intrusion suggest possible shallow causes for at least some of the high gravity anomalies found in the Deccan Traps.
Perceptions of patients and caregivers toward the management of rare disease in Malaysia: a qualitative research study
Authors: Supian Azuwana , Shafie Asrul A. , Ngu Lock-Hock , Ayob Hatijah , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The management of rare diseases is rarely addressed among policymakers and public communities. It is hindered by the lack of information on its epidemiology and burden, especially from the perspective of patients and families with rare diseases. This study aims to understand the perceptions of rare disease patients and their families in the management of rare diseases in Malaysia.

Methodology
A qualitative interview was used to explore the perceptions of patients and families regarding the management of rare diseases in Malaysia. In-depth interviews were conducted with the rare disease patients or their parents/guardians provided by three major rare disease advocacy groups, between 1 July and 15 September 2016. The interviews focused on two key areas: the challenges associated with rare disease and the issues related to accessing medication.

Findings
Out of the nineteen recruited participants, seventeen (89.5 percent) completed the interview sessions. The significance of awareness, knowledge, and support from others emerged as crucial for families and patients living with rare diseases. Despite facing delayed diagnosis and treatment, a majority of patients and parents expressed satisfaction with the advancements in rare disease management. Nevertheless, a prominent challenge revolves around access to enzyme replacement therapy for eligible patients.

Conclusion
This study emphasizes the importance of healthcare professionals understanding patient with rare diseases perceptions to tailor communication strategies, provide accurate information, and address concerns effectively. The message underscores the significance of collaboration between healthcare providers and patient support groups to deliver adequate health information, potentially enhancing patients’ understanding and their illness perceptions.
Identification of the proliferative activity of germline progenitor cells in the adult ovary of the bat Artibeus jamaicensis
Authors: Porras-Gómez Tania J. , Moreno-Mendoza Norma 
Published: October 2024

SummaryUntil a few years ago, it was assumed that oocyte renewal did not take place in the ovary of adult organisms; however, the existence of germline progenitor cells (GPCs), which renew the ovarian follicular reserve, has now been documented in mammals. Specifically, in the adult ovary of bats, the presence of cells located in the cortical region with characteristics similar to GPCs, called adult cortical germ cells (ACGC), has been observed. One of the requirements that a GPC must fulfil is to be able to proliferate mitotically, so the evaluation of cell proliferation in ACGC is of utmost importance in order to be able to relate them to a parental lineage. Currently, there are several methods to determine cell proliferation, including BrdU labelling or the use of endogenous proliferation markers. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the proliferative activity of ACGC in the adult ovary of the bat Artibeus jamaicensis, using different proliferation markers and correlating these with the protein expression of the transcription factor Oct4 and the germ line marker Ddx4. We found that the expression pattern of the proliferation markers BrdU, PCNA, Ki-67 and pH3 occurs at different times of the cell cycle, so co-localization of two or more of these markers allows us to identify proliferating cells. This allowed us to identify ACGC with proliferative capacity in the adult ovary of A. jamaicensis, suggesting that GPCs renew the follicle reserve during the adult life of the organism.
Primary versus staged repair for tetralogy of Fallot in symptomatic neonates: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Busro Pribadi W. , Satria Raymen , Safitri Safitri , Sudirman Adrian R. , Bachmid Muhammad R. , Fardhani Dwi G. , Nursalim Stefanus , Billy Matthew , Prasetio Renaldi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe choice between primary repair and staged repair strategy for Tetralogy of Fallot remains a subject of debate in clinical practice. This review aims to compare the outcomes and efficacy of two surgical approaches in managing Tetralogy of Fallot among neonatal populations. Literature search was conducted across seven databases, identifying a total of 1393 relevant studies. Inclusion criteria encompassed comparative studies focusing on primary repair and staged repair for Tetralogy of Fallot in neonates. Quality of included studies was assessed using The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for retrospective cohort studies. Data synthesis involved the extraction of post-operative outcomes. Meta-analysis was performed where feasible, pooling effect sizes to determine the overall impact of each repair strategy. Eight studies were selected for full-text appraisal. A total of 4464 Tetralogy of Fallot patients underwent surgical correction. The pooled mean patient age was 8.68 (±7.38) and 8.56 (±6.8) days for primary repair and staged repair, respectively. The primary repair was associated with a higher cardiac complications rate (odds ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 2.10) and transannular patch usage (odds ratio 2.62, 95% CI confidence interval 2.02 to 3.40). In contrast, staged repair was associated with longer hospital (mean difference 11.84, 95% confidence interval 9.59 to 14.10) and ICU (mean difference 3.06, 95% confidence interval 1.64 to 4.47) length of stay. However, no substantial differences were observed in terms of mortality and reintervention rates between these two approaches. The findings highlight the need for well-designed research and emphasise the importance of personalised approaches to address the intricate nature of Tetralogy of Fallot management in this population. Adjusting surgical approach to patient features may be necessary to maximise surgical outcomes.