bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polar opposites? Marine conservation tools and experiences in the changing Arctic and Antarctic
Authors: Wenzel Lauren , Gilbert Neil , Goldsworthy Lyn , Tesar Clive , Mcconnell Martha , Okter Melis 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

The polar regions are undergoing vast changes in the land and seascape. They serve as major components of the Earth's climate system and are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Warming temperatures, combined with increased human use and resource extraction, are putting increasing pressure on these vulnerable regions.
While the Arctic and Antarctic are distinct from one another in their governance and human use, the 2014 World Parks Congress provided a platform for joint learning on progress and options for protecting marine areas in these unique regions. Though they remain among the remotest places on earth, their important role for global biodiversity, climate processes and economic activity have made them a focus for conservation efforts.
Establishing a robust, integrated network of protected areas is one important tool for protecting ecosystem function and enhancing resilience as these regions face climate change impacts as well as increasing pressures for resource exploitation. This paper describes some major efforts to establish marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Arctic and Antarctic and analyses the similarities and differences in marine protection initiatives in the Earth's polar regions. As a basis for the analysis the authors focus on the following two themes: pressures – what are they and how fast are they growing; and governance – are there appropriate governance structures to establish and manage MPAs at appropriate geographic scales?
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drones that see through waves – preliminary results from airborne fluid lensing for centimetre‐scale aquatic conservation
Authors: Chirayath Ved , Earle Sylvia A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

The use of fluid lensing technology on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, or drones) is presented as a novel means for 3D imaging of aquatic ecosystems from above the water's surface at the centimetre scale. Preliminary results are presented from airborne fluid lensing campaigns conducted over the coral reefs of Ofu Island, American Samoa (2013) and the stromatolite reefs of Shark Bay, Western Australia (2014), covering a combined area of 15 km2. These reef ecosystems were revealed with centimetre‐scale 2D resolution, and an accompanying 3D bathymetry model was derived using fluid lensing, Structure from Motion and UAV position data. Data products were validated from in situ survey methods including underwater calibration targets, depth measurements and millimetre‐scale high‐dynamic‐range gigapixel photogrammetry.
Fluid lensing is an experimental technology that uses water‐transmitting wavelengths to passively image underwater objects at high‐resolution by exploiting time‐varying optical lensing events caused by surface waves. Fluid lensing data are captured from low‐altitude, cost‐effective electric UAVs to achieve multispectral imagery and bathymetry models at the centimetre scale over regional areas. As a passive system, fluid lensing is presently limited by signal‐to‐noise ratio and water column inherent optical properties to ~10 m depth over visible wavelengths in clear waters.
The datasets derived from fluid lensing present the first centimetre‐scale images of a reef acquired from above the ocean surface, without wave distortion. The 3D multispectral data distinguish coral, fish and invertebrates in American Samoa, and reveal previously undocumented, morphologically distinct, stromatolite structures in Shark Bay. These findings suggest fluid lensing and multirotor electric drones represent a promising advance in the remote sensing of aquatic environments at the centimetre scale, or ‘reef scale’ relevant to the conservation of reef ecosystems. Pending further development and validation of fluid lensing methods, these technologies present a solution for large‐scale 3D surveys of shallow aquatic habitats with centimetre‐scale spatial resolution and hourly temporal sampling.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MPAs, aquatic conservation and connecting people to nature
Authors: Nicoll Rob , Vick Charlotte , Laffoley Dan , Hajduk Tracy , Zuccarino‐Crowe Chiara , Bianco Mariasole , Russell Sean , Flood Kathleen , Parry Lorna , Keenleyside Karen 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

The human affinity for aquatic species and environments is exemplified through the ubiquity of aquatic themed popular culture including a significant portion of global tourism providing access to places linked to aquatic environments. Yet this affinity does not appear to translate to the widespread support required for the achievement of ambitious aquatic biodiversity conservation goals.
Achieving conservation goals is contingent upon broad awareness of the values of biodiversity and what can be done to conserve and use it sustainably as embodied by Aichi Biodiversity Target 1.
This paper identifies seven lessons to support marine protected area (MPA) managers and ocean conservation professionals to implement programmes that “Inspire a New Generation” (ING) to learn about, value and conserve aquatic environments: (1) Prioritize Experience; (2) Embrace Technology; (3) Integrate; (4) Focus on Youth; (5) Make it Relevant; (6) Make it Positive; and (7) Engage Other Sectors.
These lessons are discussed alongside examples of ING programmes from MPA management authorities and aquatic conservation organizations. The effective application of these lessons requires appropriate levels of institutional commitment and investment in order to achieve success in ING as a precursor to the achievement of aquatic conservation goals.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concepts and practice in the emerging use of games for marine education and conservation
Authors: Colleton Nancy , Lakshman Vijay , Flood Kathie , Birnbaum Monica , Mcmillan Kiki , Lin Albert 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Mobilizing marine conservation on a global scale is a tremendous challenge, especially as it involves motivating people who may have no physical connection to marine areas to experience and understand them.
Game technology through virtual means, enables players anywhere at anytime, to explore areas they may not otherwise experience, and experience numerous scenarios for the benefit of global engagement in marine conservation action.
New game platforms are being developed to teach science, and better connect people to nature, specifically marine environments.
Infinite Scuba enables players to explore the ocean virtually with Mission Blue Founder, Sylvia Earle.
Planet3 is developing a game that will present marine and freshwater ecosystems in the greater context of the Earth system.
Games have the potential to play a key role in mobilizing knowledge and conservation action in the future.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biogas‐based denitrification in a biotrickling filter: Influence of nitrate concentration and hydrogen sulfide
Authors: López Juan C. , Porca Estefanía , Collins Gavin , Pérez Rebeca , Rodríguez‐Alija Alberto , Muñoz Raúl , Quijano Guillermo 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe feasibility of NO3− removal by the synergistic action of a prevailing denitrifying anoxic methane oxidising (DAMO), and nitrate‐reducing and sulfide‐oxidising bacterial (NR‐SOB) consortium, using CH4 and H2S from biogas as electron donors in a biotrickling filter was investigated. The influence of NO3− concentration on N2O production during this process was also evaluated. The results showed that NO3− was removed at rates up to 2.8 g mreactor−3 h−1 using CH4 as electron donor. N2O production rates correlated with NO3− concentration in the liquid phase, with a 10‐fold increase in N2O production as NO3− concentration increased from 50 to 200 g m−3. The use of H2S as co‐electron donor resulted in a 13‐fold increase in NO3− removal rates (∼18 gNO3− m−3 h−1) and complete denitrification under steady‐state conditions, which was supported by higher abundances of narG, nirK, and nosZ denitrifying genes. Although the relative abundance of the DAMO population in the consortium was reduced from 60% to 13% after H2S addition, CH4 removals were not compromised and H2S removal efficiencies of 100% were achieved. This study confirmed (i) the feasibility of co‐oxidising CH4 and H2S with denitrification, as well as (ii) the critical need to control NO3− concentration to minimize N2O production by anoxic denitrifiers. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 665–673. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Domino Coupling of Alcohols with Allenes Enables the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Indenes
Authors: Preinfalk Alexander , Misale Antonio , Maulide Nuno 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe reaction of aryl‐substituted allenes with alcohols under gold catalysis led to highly substituted indenes in good yields, with low catalyst loading and under mild conditions. During this domino transformation, two C−C bonds are formed with water as the only byproduct.
The Role of the Ratio of J‐Point Elevation Magnitude and R‐Wave Amplitude on the Same ECG Lead in the Risk Stratification of Subjects With Early Repolarization Pattern
Authors: Chen Xu‐Miao , Ji Cheng‐Cheng , Cheng Yun‐Jiu , Liu Li‐juan , Zhu Wei‐Qi , Huang Ying , Chen Wei‐Ying , Wu Su‐Hua 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundJust as high‐risk populations for cardiac arrest exist in patients with Brugada syndrome or long QT syndrome, high‐risk and low‐risk populations for cardiac arrest also exist in patients with early repolarization pattern (ERP).HypothesisElectrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics can aid the risk stratification of patients with ERP.MethodsElectrocardiographic parameters such as magnitude of J‐point elevation and J/R ratio were measured. The magnitude of J‐point elevation, leads with J points elevated, J/R ratio, morphology of the ST segment, and QT/QTc interval were used in comparative analysis in 2 groups: 57 patients with ERP and cardiac arrest (cardiac arrest group) and 100 patients with ERP but without cardiac arrest (control group).ResultsThere was no statistical difference in clinical characteristics of the 2 groups. The J/R ratio in the cardiac arrest group was significantly higher than in the control group (26.8% ± 18.1% vs 16.3% ± 10.3%, respectively; P < 0.001) and the proportion of horizontal/descending ST segments (70.2%) was significantly higher than in the control group (29.0%), but the proportion of ascending/upsloping ST segments (29.8%) was significantly lower than in the control group (71.0%; P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that higher J/R ratio and horizontal/descending ST segment were independently associated with increased risk of cardiac arrest in patients with ERP.ConclusionsIn patients with ERP and cardiac arrest, J/R ratios were relatively higher and mostly with horizontal/descending ST segments, suggesting that J/R ratio and ST‐segment morphology may be used as indicators for risk stratification in patients with ERP.
Facile Synthesis of Pt–Pd Alloy Nanocages and Pt Nanorings by Templating with Pd Nanoplates
Authors: Wang Xue , Luo Ming , Huang Hongwen , Chi Miaofang , Howe Jane , Xie Zhaoxiong , Xia Younan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe report a facile method for the synthesis of Pt–Pd nanocages and Pt nanorings by conformally coating Pd nanoplates with Pt‐based shells using polyol‐ and water‐based protocols, respectively, followed by selective removal of the Pd cores. For the polyol‐based system, Pd nanoplates were conformally coated with Pt–Pd alloy shells due to the use of a high reaction temperature of 200 °C and a slow injection rate for the Pt precursor. In comparison, Pt shells were formed on Pd nanoplates with a larger thickness on the side face than on the top/bottom face in the water‐based system due to the use of a low reaction temperature of 80 °C and the presence of twin boundaries on the side face. As such, the Pd@Pt nanoplates prepared using the polyol‐ and water‐based protocols evolved into Pt–Pd nanocages and Pt nanorings, respectively, when the Pd templates in the cores were selectively removed by wet etching. The wall thickness of the nanocages and the ridge thickness of the nanorings could be reduced down to 1.1 nm and 1.8 nm, respectively, without breaking the hollow structures.
A novel flow cytometric assay for detection of residual disease in patients with B‐lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma post anti‐CD19 therapy
Authors: Cherian Sindhu , Miller Valerie , McCullouch Vivian , Dougherty Katy , Fromm Jonathan R. , Wood Brent L. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundResidual disease detection following therapy is an important prognostic variable in B‐lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐LL). Most flow cytometric strategies for detecting B cell malignancy utilize CD19 to identify B cells. With growing use of anti‐CD19 targeted therapies, alternative strategies are needed for residual disease detection. We describe an approach for residual disease detection in this setting.MethodsA novel combination was designed using expression of CD22 or CD24 (without CD66b) for B cell detection in combination with markers aberrantly expressed in B‐LL (CD10, CD20, CD34, CD38, and CD45). The performance characteristics of this combination were evaluated and compared to a standard, validated B‐LL MRD assay using 10 known negative samples, 10 overtly positive samples, and 11 post‐therapy samples (prior therapy other than anti‐CD19 therapy). Subsequently, results from the first 100 samples on which the new tube was performed were reviewed.ResultsThe described combination performed well in the initial analysis of 31 samples with all negative and positive samples correctly classified. In positive samples, the percentage of abnormal cells correlated well between the standard and new assay. Evaluation of the first 100 samples demonstrated good performance with adequate detection of CD19‐positive and CD19‐negative B‐LL. Additionally, it was observed that patients receiving anti‐CD19 therapies demonstrate an increased proportion of CD19‐negative progenitors.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings describe a strategy that performs well for residual disease detection in B‐LL post anti‐CD19 therapy. Such alternative strategies will become more important as the use of targeted immunotherapies becomes more common. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Reappraisal of VAChT‐Cre: Preference in slow motor neurons innervating type I or IIa muscle fibers
Authors: Misawa Hidemi , Inomata Daijiro , Kikuchi Miseri , Maruyama Sae , Moriwaki Yasuhiro , Okuda Takashi , Nukina Nobuyuki , Yamanaka Tomoyuki 
Published: September 2016

SummaryVAChT‐Cre.Fast and VAChT‐Cre.Slow mice selectively express Cre recombinase in approximately one half of postnatal somatic motor neurons. The mouse lines have been used in various studies with selective genetic modifications in adult motor neurons. In the present study, we crossed VAChT‐Cre lines with a reporter line, CAG‐Syp/tdTomato, in which synaptophysin‐tdTomato fusion proteins are efficiently sorted to axon terminals, making it possible to label both cell bodies and axon terminals of motor neurons. In the mice, Syp/tdTomato fluorescence preferentially co‐localized with osteopontin, a recently discovered motor neuron marker for slow‐twitch fatigue‐resistant (S) and fast‐twitch fatigue‐resistant (FR) types. The fluorescence did not preferentially co‐localize with matrix metalloproteinase‐9, a marker for fast‐twitch fatigable (FF) motor neurons. In the neuromuscular junctions, Syp/tdTomato fluorescence was detected mainly in motor nerve terminals that innervate type I or IIa muscle fibers. These results suggest that the VAChT‐Cre lines are Cre‐drivers that have selectivity in S and FR motor neurons. In order to avoid confusion, we have changed the mouse line names from VAChT‐Cre.Fast and VAChT‐Cre.Slow to VAChT‐Cre.Early and VAChT‐Cre.Late, respectively. The mouse lines will be useful tools to study slow‐type motor neurons, in relation to physiology and pathology.
Inside or Outside? Linking Outdoor and Indoor Lifetime Tests of ITO‐Free Organic Photovoltaic Devices for Greenhouse Applications
Authors: dos Reis Benatto Gisele A. , Corazza Michael , Roth Bérenger , Schütte Franz , Rengenstein Markus , Gevorgyan Suren A. , Krebs Frederik C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe present results from an installation of fully roll‐to‐roll printed and coated polymer solar cell modules in a greenhouse environment over the course of roughly 2 years (650 days). We explored two different device architectures based on either fully carbon‐based electrodes or silver nanowire (AgNW)‐based electrodes and two different barrier materials. We followed the ISOS protocols while studying the devices in three different greenhouse conditions in the Netherlands and compared to reference devices mounted outdoors in Denmark tested according to ISOS‐O‐1 and ISOS‐O‐2. We studied each condition and type in multiples to obtain acceptable statistics and found that the AgNW‐based devices performed best in terms of stability.
Field observations of the vertical distribution of sand transport characteristics over fine, medium and coarse sand surfaces
Authors: Zhang ZhengCai , Dong ZhiBao , Qian GuangQiang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe vertical distribution of sand transport characteristics is an important issue in aeolian research. Surface characteristics affect sand transport processes, but their effects are not yet fully understood. To provide more data on this subject, we observed sand transport in 16 field experiments above surfaces covered by fine, medium and coarse sand. The sand transport rate over relatively coarser‐grained medium and coarse surfaces could be expressed as a Gaussian peak function: qz = a + b exp (−0.5[(|z – Ch|)/d]e), where qz is the measured sediment transport at height z above the bed and a, b, Ch, d, and e are regression coefficients. The measured sand transport flux peak values (Hh) were linearly related to Ch, and both values were significantly related to the mean surface grain size. However, for the relatively finer‐grained medium and fine sand surfaces, the sediment transport could be expressed as an exponential function. The cumulative sand transport below 0.1 m was directly related to the mean surface grain size, and the relationship could be expressed as the following exponential function: Cz = f + g exp –Mz/i, where Cz is the cumulative sand transport at height z above the bed, Mz is the mean grain size and f, g, and i are regression coefficients. Above 0.1 m, there were no significant relationships between the cumulative sand transport and the mean surface grain size. The mean grain size decreased with increasing height below the peak height and then increased with increasing height. The surface grain size distribution and proportions of the particles in different grain size categories controlled the mean grain size as a function of height. The observed changes in the sand transport rate and grain size with height will provide support for sand disaster mitigation, numerical modelling and studies of dune formation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using State Early Care and Education Workforce Registry Data to Inform Training‐Related Questions: Issues to Consider
Authors: Ackerman Debra J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe current early care and education (ECE) policy context is bringing increased attention to the training completed by the child care workforce and to the use of registries to track such training. Although ECE workforce registries are designed to record individuals' data, aggregate registry data have the potential to shed light on the workforce's training needs. However, to date, registries have not been tapped in this way, and there is limited research on the data collected across registries and the extent to which they are standardized. In this report, I share the results of research on the training focus variables used across these databases and on the extent to which such variables are comparable. Also explored is when registries began recording these data and whether enrollment is voluntary, incentivized, or mandatory. The results of the study suggest that aggregate registry data have the potential to address questions related to the focus of the training in which the ECE workforce participates. However, additional research on ECE workforce registries is needed to confirm their usefulness as a source of data on child care training as well as the accessibility of these data.
Calculation of LDL‐Cholesterol vs. Direct Homogenous Assay
Authors: Rasouli Mehdi , Mokhtari Hossein 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundLow‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) can be calculated or measured directly and their accordance is the subject of controversy.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify the independent predictors of LDLc, to formulate the best equation for calculating LDLc and to evaluate the validity of it and the published formulas, including the new method with adjustable coefficient.MethodsThe profile of serum lipids and (apo)lipoproteins of 310 subjects was used to determine the most accurate formula for calculating serum LDLc. Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were measured by enzymatic, new homogenous and immunoturbidometric methods, respectively.ResultsMultiple linear regression analysis indicates that total cholesterol, apoB, HDLc and triglyceride are independent predictors of LDLc. We proposed four new formulas to calculate LDLc. As total cholesterol (TC) is the major determinant of LDLc, it can be estimated simply as 0.545 of total cholesterol. Inclusion of HDLc, triglyceride, apoB and a constant value improved the equation slightly. The equation of: LDLc (mg/dl) = 0.75 TC − 0.5 HDLc − 0.1 TG had the lowest mean and SD of difference among all the methods examined here. LDLc was also calculated by the new modified Friedewald's equation using adjustable factor from Martin's table, but it did not improve the results significantly. LDLc gap was correlated significantly and positively with triglyceride and negatively with cholesterol or its subfractions.ConclusionsOur data suggest the simplest formula: LDLc = 0.545 TC or a more detailed: LDLc = 0.75 TC − 0.5 HDLc − 0.1 TG be used for calculating serum LDLc.
Populations of the Lizard,Sceloporus occidentalis, that Differ in Melanization have Different Rates of Wound Healing
Authors: Seddon Ryan J. , Hews Diana K. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTMechanisms underlying production of animal coloration can affect key traits besides coloration. Melanin, and molecules regulating melanin, can directly and indirectly affect other phenotypic traits, such as immune function. We asked whether melanization and a whole‐organism measure of immune function are associated with wound healing. Working with two populations of adult male western fence lizards,Sceloporus occidentalis, we compared one high‐elevation and one low‐elevation population in California where individuals are increasingly darker at higher elevations, measuring wound healing rates. Because of potential interactions of steroid hormones and immune function, we also measured plasma levels of testosterone and corticosterone. Mean healing rates differed significantly, with males in the darker high‐elevation population healing more quickly compared to lighter low‐elevation males. Males in the low‐elevation population had significantly higher mean baseline steroid concentrations. These steroid hormones were also negatively associated with wound healing. We discuss potential differences in selective regime that could produce different patterns. These data also suggest that hormonal pleiotropy does not constrain phenotypic variation.