bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult mortality in the metropolis of London 1100–1850: A Bayesian view based on osteological data
Authors: Müller‐Scheeßel Nils , Rinne Christoph , Fuchs Katharina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe present paper highlights the potential of osteological data for answering demographic questions through the development and application of a Bayesian approach incorporating age estimations of adults.Materials and methodsThe metropolis of London is a rewarding study region for such an approach due to the large number of cemeteries, with thousands of individuals, spanning a period from 1100 AD to the mid‐19th century, that have been excavated and published in the past two decades. Furthermore, London has a rich tradition of early written records on mortality that can be used for comparison purposes. In order to gain comparable results from the different source categories, we use a Bayesian framework in which the Gompertz distribution features centrally.ResultsOur intensive simulations show that the Bayesian approach performs better than maximum likelihood estimation or ordinary least squares in terms of recovering the original age distribution parameters. They also show how strongly population growth affects mortality patterns. The osteological data suggests that during medieval times and the Early Modern period, the modal age‐at‐death of the general population of London remained more or less constant and hovered around 30 years, and that only monks showed a higher modal age, of about 45 years. However, from the 17th century onwards, life expectancy of adults increased markedly.DiscussionOur comparison of written sources and osteological data demonstrates their general comparability and highlights the much higher mortality among adults in London than in the rest of England and Wales. We conclude that Bayesian modeling has great potential for recovering true mortality patterns from osteological data.
Meeting the UN Sustainable Development Goals with Mechanochemistry
Authors: Alić Jasna , Schlegel Moritz‐Caspar , Emmerling Franziska , Stolar Tomislav 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChemistry traditionally relies on reactions in solution, but this method is increasingly problematic due to the scale of chemical processes and their economic and environmental impact. Handling residual chemical waste, including solvents, incurs significant costs and environmental pressure. Conversely, novel chemical approaches are needed to address pressing societal issues such as climate change, energy scarcity, food insecurity, and waste pollution. Mechanochemistry, a sustainable chemistry discipline that uses mechanical action to induce chemical reactivity without bulk solvents, is a hot topic in academic research on sustainable and green chemistry. Given its fundamentally different working principles from solution chemistry, mechanochemistry offers more efficient chemical processes and the opportunity to design new chemical reactions. Mechanochemistry has a profound impact on many urgent issues facing our society and it is now necessary to use mechanochemistry to address them. This Minireview aims to provide a guide for using mechanochemistry to meet the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), thereby contributing to a prosperous society. Detailed analysis shows that mechanochemistry connects with most UN SDGs and offers more cost‐efficiency than other approaches together with a superior environmental performance.
Assembly Regulates Gamma Radiation Polymerization of Polytelluoxane
Authors: Zhang Shenghan , Lu Yijie , Song Junjie , Guan Jun , Dai Yiheng , Cao Wei , Xu Huaping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRegulating chemical drug's responsiveness to gamma radiation is crucial for achieving better therapeutic effects in cancer treatment. Most research focused on thermodynamic chemical structure design, while little attention was paid to kinetic regulate strategy, which possesses greater universality and security. In this study, we achieved a kinetic‐based regulate strategy of gamma radiation reaction, through the construction of microphase environment during polymerization of polytelluoxane (PTeO). We designed hydrophobic segments forming large compound micelles (LCMs) assembly to create kinetically favorable higher concentration for radiation‐induced reaction. It exhibited a > ten times higher responsiveness and, as far as we know, merely required a minimum dosage of 5 Gy for polymerization to occur. What's more, by taking advantages of the assembly change with Te−O hydrophilic segments and gamma radiation, polymerization became milder with lower polydispersity than previous methods. Such kinetic‐based regulate strategy could offer a novel perspective on the design of radiation‐responsive chemoradiotherapy and other radiation‐induced chemical process.
New advances in the role of JAK2 V617F mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Zhang Yongchao , Zhao Yue , Liu Yusi , Zhang Minyu , Zhang Jihong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe JAK2 V617F mutation is the most common driver gene in myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), which means that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is persistently activated independent of cytokines, and plays an important part in the onset and development of MPN. The JAK inhibitors, although widely used in the clinical practice, are unable to eradicate MPN. Therefore, the unavoidable long‐term treatment poses a serious burden for patients with MPN. It is established that the JAK2 V617F mutation, in addition its role in the JAK/STAT pathway, can promote cell proliferation, differentiation, anti‐apoptosis, DNA damage accumulation, and other key biologic processes through multiple pathways. Other than that, the JAK2 V617F mutation affects the cardiovascular system through multiple mechanisms. Although JAK inhibitors cannot eradicate MPN cells, the combined use of JAK inhibitors and other drugs may have surprising effects. This requires an in‐depth understanding of the mechanism of action of the JAK2 V617F mutation. In this review, the authors explored the role of the JAK2 V617F mutation in MPN from multiple aspects, including the mechanisms of non‐JAK/STAT pathways, the regulation of cellular methylation, the induction of cellular DNA damage accumulation, and effects on the cardiovascular system, with the objective of providing valuable insights into multidrug combination therapy for MPN.
Ethical Considerations for Enrolling “Invested Parties” in Large‐Scale Clinical Studies: Insights from the RECOVER Initiative
Authors: Owens Kellie , Anderson Emily E. , Esquenazi‐Karonika Shari , Hanson Keith , Mitchell Maika , Linton Janelle , Briscoe Jasmine , Baucom Leah Castro , Fisher Liza , Letts Rebecca , Nguyen Kian , Parent Brendan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTResearch institutions often lack policies addressing the risks and benefits of enrolling “invested parties” such as investigators, research staff, and patient, caregiver, and community representatives (groups most affected by a disease or intervention) in studies where they have direct involvement. Invested parties may have both strong motivations to study the condition or intervention and to participate as study subjects. More guidance is needed to promote appropriate access to research participation and mitigate potential risks. This article addresses the gap in guidance by presenting an ethical framework and practical guidelines for the enrollment of invested parties. Drawing from experiences with the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative, a large multisite observational cohort study, we argue that invested parties should not be categorically excluded from enrollment in their own research studies if certain criteria are met and appropriate safeguards are in place. We underscore the need to balance inclusion with fairness, promote valid voluntary informed consent, ensure data privacy, protect scientific validity, and mitigate unique risks to invested parties as participants. Additionally, we recommend regular reporting and empirical assessment to evaluate the impact of enrolling invested parties on participants and study outcomes.
Polymedia Literacy and Other Ethical Considerations for Online Ethnographic Research on Social Networking Sites
Authors: Guccini Federica , Cantin Marie‐Pier , Thirunavukkarasu Ahrrabie , McKinley Gerald P. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDrawing on the authors’ own ethnographic research, this article discusses the importance of developing polymedia literacy as a key step toward ethical online research on social networking sites (SNS). Polymedia literacy entails the ability to critically analyze the vast landscape of SNS, their affordances, and users’ social motivations for choosing specific SNS for their interactions. Internet researchers face several ethical challenges, including issues of informed consent, “public” and “private” online spaces, and data protection. Even when research ethics committees waive the need for a formal ethics approval process, researchers of online spaces need to ensure that their studies are conducted and presented in an ethical and responsible manner. This is particularly important in research contexts that pertain to vulnerable populations in online communities.
The First‐ and Second‐Order Ethical Reasons Approach: The Case of Human Challenge Trials
Authors: Battisti Davide , Capulli Emma , Picozzi Mario 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAt the height of the Covid pandemic, there was much discussion in the literature about using human challenge trials (HCTs) to expedite the development of effective Covid‐19 vaccines. Historically, reluctance to fully accept HCTs has largely been due to potential conflicts with the principle of nonmaleficence in bioethics. Only a few commentators have explored this topic in depth. In this paper, we claim that to address ethical concerns regarding HCTs, two types of ethical reasons should be identified and investigated: first‐order reasons that can be given to claim that a practice in itself is in direct conflict with the principles of bioethics; and second‐order reasons that take into consideration how a practice is carried out and its consequences. We argue that understanding these ethical reasons is crucial for guiding the implementation of HCTs. We investigate a first‐order reason against HCTs when the practice is in conflict with the principle of nonmaleficence, and when it is not. Following this argument and assuming there is no first‐order reason based on nonmaleficence that hinders using HCTs, we argue there may be second‐order reasons to guide implementation of this practice, such as difficulty in obtaining informed consent; protection of the weaker party; and trust in the scientific enterprise.
Translational Bioethics in China: Brain‐Computer Interface Research as a Case Study
Authors: Chen Haidan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe research and development of emerging technologies has potential long‐term and societal impacts that pose governance challenges. This essay summarizes the development of research ethics in China over the past few decades, as well as the measures taken by the Chinese government to build its ethical governance system of science and technology after the occurrence of the CRISPR‐babies incident. The essay then elaborates on the current problems of this system through the case study of ethical governance of brain‐computer interface research, and explores how the transition from research ethics to translational bioethics, which encourages interdisciplinary collaboration and focuses on societal implications, may respond to the challenges of ethical governance of science and technology.
Mitochondrial phylogeography of grassland caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Lymantriinae: Gynaephora) endemic to the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau
Authors: Yuan Ming‐Long , Bao Ming‐Hui , Zhang Qi‐Lin , Guo Zhong‐Long , Li Min , Wang Juan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGrassland caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Lymantriinae: Gynaephora) are the most damaging pests to alpine meadows in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Here, we conducted extensive sampling from 39 geographic populations covering almost the entire distribution of the eight QTP Gynaephora (Hübner) species to investigate phylogeographic patterns and speciation based on two mitochondrial genes (COI and ND5). A total of 40 haplotypes were detected in the 39 populations, with >70% of all haplotypes not shared between populations. The monophyletic QTP Gynaephora migrated from non‐QTP regions during the Pliocene, corresponding to the uplift of the QTP, suggesting a mode of transport into the QTP. Among the eight QTP Gynaephora species described by morphological characteristics, two species (G. alpherakii and G. menyuanensis) were recovered as monophyletic groups (Clades B and C), while the remaining six formed two monophyletic clades: Clade A (G. qinghaiensis, G. jiuzhiensis, and G. qumalaiensis) and Clade D (G. aureata, G. ruoergensis, and G. minora). These results suggested that the number of the QTP Gynaephora species may be overestimated and further studies based on both morphological and nuclear gene data are needed. Genetic differentiation and speciation of the QTP Gynaephora were likely driven by the QTP uplifts and associated climate fluctuations during the Pleistocene, indicated by divergence time estimation, suggesting that isolation and subsequent divergence was the dominant mode of speciation. The Sanjiangyuan region (i.e., Clade A, characterized by high genetic diversity) may have been a glacial refugium of the QTP Gynaephora, as supported by analyses of gene flow and biogeography. High levels of genetic diversity were found in QTP Gynaephora, without population expansion, which may explain the high‐altitude adaptation and outbreaks of grassland caterpillars in alpine meadows of the QTP. This study provides the largest phylogeographic analysis of QTP Gynaephora and improves our understanding of the diversity and speciation of QTP insects.
Early life movements and mortality of Egyptian vultures: Implications for transcontinental conservation
Authors: Oltra Juan , García Javier , Carbonell Isidoro , Jambas José , Álvarez Ernesto , Iglesias‐Lebrija Juan J. , Gil‐Carrera Alberto , Pérez‐García Juan M. , Frías Óscar , González del Barrio José L. , Blanco Guillermo , Carrete Martina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the movements and mortality of individuals across different life stages is crucial for the effective conservation of wild populations. We used data from 32 Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) tagged with GPS transmitters as nestlings in three Iberian breeding areas to study their dependence period, migration routes, movements in Africa, and mortality at each stage. Our results show no significant differences in the timing of nest departure or the duration of the dependence period between individuals of different sexes or breeding nuclei. Most juveniles migrated to sub‐Saharan Africa in their first year, but some (3 of 32, 9.4%) remained in the Iberian Peninsula. Individuals that migrated to Africa did so annually, while those remaining in Iberia never migrated to the Sahel, indicating distinct migratory and non‐migratory strategies. Non‐migratory individuals consistently moved northward during the breeding season to their natal territories. Siblings did not coordinate their migration strategy or timing. All juveniles showed extensive overlap in the vast areas used in Africa, where females arrived before males, and in the Iberian Peninsula. Our study also revealed that no juveniles died immediately after fledging, but that none of the tagged individuals lived more than 7 years or were recruited as breeders. Although most casualties occurred during the longer stay in the Sahel, the mortality rate was highest during the few days of the first migration. Our results show that despite small variations in movement patterns between breeding nuclei and sexes, Egyptian vultures face similar challenges during the years before recruitment as breeders, mostly determined by their migratory strategy. These findings are relevant for designing conservation strategies, both in breeding areas and, more importantly, in wintering areas and along migration pathways. Such strategies will significantly impact the entire Iberian population of this endangered species.
Detection rates and diel activity patterns of four understudied felids from Borneo
Authors: Allen Maximilian L. , Allan Andrew T. L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCarnivore guilds are charismatic and have vital and irreplaceable roles in their native ecosystems, yet many of these species are threatened and remain understudied. Borneo is a biodiversity hotspot that hosts a rich diversity of endemic wildlife but is threatened by deforestation and habitat loss. Using cameras placed by the Smithsonian Institution in Sabah, Borneo, we assessed the detection rates and diel activity patterns of the native felid species. Across 51 camera trap sites between 2016 and 2019, felids were detected 55 times across a combined 9958 trap nights, including 20 independent detection events for Sunda leopard cats, 15 for Sunda clouded leopards, 12 for Borneo bay cats, and 5 for marbled cats, with no detections of flat‐headed cats. Collectively, this demonstrates the challenge of sampling cryptic species that have declined due to habitat loss and conflict with humans. Despite this, we show that Borneo bay cats and marbled cats exhibited different diel activity patterns than Sunda cloud leopards, suggesting the smaller species use temporal displacement to avoid competition and predation. Sunda leopard cats exhibited broadly similar activity patterns to Sunda clouded leopard, potentially because the two species typically occupy different dietary and habitat niches. These results demonstrate the importance of devoting future research towards monitoring these species and understanding the mechanisms by which they co‐exist.
Potential adaptive habitats for the narrowly distributed and rare bamboo species Chimonobambusa tumidissinoda J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi ex Ohrnb. under future climate change in China
Authors: Wang Wei‐Hua , Peng Shu‐Lei , Shu Hua , Fu Xi , Ye Xia‐Ying 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe global climate change has resulted in substantial modifications to the distribution patterns of narrowly distributed species across different time periods, leading to an imminent threat to the survival of some vulnerable species. Chimonobambusa tumidissinoda J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi ex Ohrnb., a bamboo species endemic to the transition zone from the Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau to the Sichuan Basin with high economic and ecological value, exhibits a limited range and rarity. Utilizing eight environmental variables and 56 occurrence records, we employed the MaxEnt model to predict the potential distribution range of C. tumidissinoda under current and future climate scenarios. The findings revealed that precipitation of the driest month (Bio14), elevation and isothermality (Bio3) were the crucial factors determining the species' distribution, accounting for 31.24%, 28.27% and 17.24% of data variability, respectively. The distribution centroid of C. tumidissinoda is anticipated to shift towards higher latitudes in response to future climate change, and the projected habitat suitability is expected to expand under ssp245 and ssp585 scenarios while remaining unchanged or contracting under the ssp126 scenario. Despite these expansions, the suitable habitats remain limited, with the largest being approximately 2.08 × 104 km2, indicating a significant threat to its survival. Our study provides insights into the adaptive responses of C. tumidissinoda to climate change, enriching scientific knowledge for developing effective conservation measurements as well as sustainable utilization.
Neuroanatomical and functional correlates in tic disorders and Tourette's syndrome: A narrative review
Authors: Liberati Anna Sara , Perrotta Giulio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTic disorders represent a developmental neuropsychiatric condition whose causes can be attributed to a variety of environmental, neurobiological, and genetic factors. From a neurophysiological perspective, the disorder has classically been associated with neurochemical imbalances (particularly dopamine and serotonin) and structural and functional alterations affecting, in particular, brain areas and circuits involved in the processing and coordination of movements: the basal ganglia, thalamus, motor cortical area, and cingulate cortex; however, more recent research is demonstrating the involvement of many more brain regions and neurotransmission systems than previously observed, such as the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. In this paper, therefore, we summarize the evidence to date on these abnormalities with the intent to illustrate and clarify the main neuroanatomical differences between patients with tic disorders and healthy individuals.
Monetary policy and equity returns: The role of investor risk aversion
Authors: Zhang Licheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article examines the role of investor risk aversion in the transmission of monetary policy to stock returns based on U.S. data. Our results show that following an expansionary monetary policy shock, investor risk aversion falls, leading to a decrease in the equity risk premium and an increase in equity returns. Moreover, the returns of high‐beta stocks increase much more than those of low‐beta stocks. Finally, we investigate the mechanism through mutual fund flows. We find that high‐beta funds attract greater inflows in response to lower interest rates, and there is a positive relationship between fund returns and flows. Our findings have policy implications for financial stability.
Analysis of assisted reproductive outcomes in patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and early‐stage endometrial cancer after fertility‐sparing treatment
Authors: Li Jiaheng , Li Mengnuo , Li Yijiang , Zhao Xianling , Guan Yichun , Yuan Xiaoqiong , Du Shanshan , Zhang Caihua , Liu Wenxia , Ren Bingnan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the assisted reproductive outcomes of patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and early‐stage endometrial cancer (EEC) who achieved complete remission after conservative treatment and to provide reference for clinical selection of appropriate conservative treatment.MethodThis retrospective cohort study included seven patients with EEC and 62 patients with AEH who underwent in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection at the Reproductive Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between August 2015 and October 2023. The authors divided the participants into two groups based on the type of fertility‐sparing treatment received: the oral medication group and the levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) group. The primary outcome was the cumulative clinical pregnancy rate. Secondary outcomes included clinical pregnancy rate per transfer cycle, embryo utilization rate, and high‐quality embryo rate.ResultsThe LNG‐IUS group had a significantly higher rate of usable embryos compared with the oral medication group (80.8% vs 91.1%, P = 0.005) and also had a thinner endometrial thickness on the day of embryo transfer. The cumulative clinical pregnancy rate was higher in the LNG‐IUS group compared with the medication group (46.7% vs 78.9%, P = 0.037), and the difference was statistically significant.ConclusionFor patients with AEH and EEC with fertility needs, the conservative treatment method of LNG‐IUS can achieve better assisted reproductive outcomes.