bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An employee who was not there: a study of job boredom in white-collar work
Authors: Harju Lotta K. , Hakanen Jari J. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– Job boredom is an amotivational state at work, where employees lack interest in their work activities and have difficulties concentrating on them. Although recent research suggests that job boredom may concern a wide range of industries, studies investigating the experience and its emergence in white-collar work are scarce. Thereby the purpose of this paper is to contextualize job boredom by exploring the experience and its preconditions in white-collar work.Design/methodology/approach– This inductive, exploratory study employed data from 13 focus group interviews (n=72) in four organizations to investigate the emergence and experience of job boredom.Findings– Three types of job boredom was found. Each type involved distinct temporal experiences: inertia, acceleration and disrupted rhythm at work. The findings suggest that different types of job boredom involve specific conditions that hamper the activation of individual capabilities and disrupt temporal experience accordingly.Research limitations/implications– Extending the conceptualization of job boredom may enable better understanding of the variety of consequences often associated with the phenomenon.Practical implications– It is also important for organizations to recognize that there are different types and various preconditions of job boredom in white-collar work, as it may have a negative impact on employee well-being and performance.Originality/value– The results indicate that job boredom is a more nuanced phenomenon than earlier believed. By identifying job boredom in white-collar work as an experience with various forms and respective preconditions, this study expands the understanding of the phenomenon and its emergence.
HRM in healthcare: the role of work engagement
Authors: Shantz Amanda , Alfes Kerstin , Whiley Lilith 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– Due to increasing cost pressures, and the necessity to ensure high quality patient care while maintaining a safe environment for patients and staff, interest in the capacity for HRM practices to make a difference has piqued the attention of healthcare professionals. The purpose of this papers is to present and test a model whereby engagement mediates the relationship between four HRM practices and quality of care and safety in two different occupational groups in healthcare, namely, nurses and administrative support workers.

Design/methodology/approach
– Structural equation modeling was used to analyze questionnaire data collected by the National Health Service in the UK as part of their 2011 Staff Survey (n=69,018). The authors tested the hypotheses for nurses and administrative support workers separately.

Findings
– Training, participation in decision making, opportunities for development, and communication were positively related to quality of care and safety via work engagement. The strength of the relationships was conditional on whether an employee was a nurse or administrative support worker.

Originality/value
– This is the first paper to examine the mediating role of engagement on the relationship between four relevant HRM practices in the healthcare context, and outcomes important to healthcare practitioners. The authors also add value to the HRM literature by being among the first to use the job demands resources model to explain the impact of HRM practices on performance outcomes. Moreover, the authors provide insight into how HRM practices affect outcomes in the world’s largest publicly funded healthcare service.
Kinetic Studies on CphA Mutants Reveal the Role of the P158-P172 Loop in Activity versus Carbapenems
Authors: Bottoni Carlo , Perilli Mariagrazia , Marcoccia Francesca , Piccirilli Alessandra , Pellegrini Cristina , Colapietro Martina , Sabatini Alessia , Celenza Giuseppe , Kerff Frédéric , Amicosante Gianfranco , Galleni Moreno , Mercuri Paola Sandra 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Site-directed mutagenesis of CphA indicated that prolines in the P158-P172 loop are essential for the stability and the catalytic activity of subclass B2 metallo-β-lactamases against carbapenems. The sequential substitution of proline led to a decrease of the catalytic efficiency of the variant compared to the wild-type (WT) enzyme but also to a higher affinity for the binding of the second zinc ion.
Solithromycin Pharmacokinetics in Plasma and Dried Blood Spots and Safety in Adolescents
Authors: Gonzalez Daniel , Palazzi Debra L. , Bhattacharya-Mithal Leena , Al-Uzri Amira , James Laura P. , Bradley John , Neu Natalie , Jasion Theresa , Hornik Christoph P. , Smith P. Brian , Benjamin Daniel K. , Keedy Kara , Fernandes Prabhavathi , Cohen-Wolkowiez Michael 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTWe assessed the pharmacokinetics and safety of solithromycin, a fluoroketolide antibiotic, in a phase 1, open-label, multicenter study of 13 adolescents with suspected or confirmed bacterial infections. On days 3 to 5, the mean (standard deviation) maximum plasma concentration and area under the concentration versus time curve from 0 to 24 h were 0.74 μg/ml (0.61 μg/ml) and 9.28 μg · h/ml (6.30 μg · h/ml), respectively. The exposure and safety in this small cohort of adolescents were comparable to those for adults. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01966055.)
Increasing Experience with Primary Oral Medical Therapy for Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease in an Australian Cohort
Authors: Friedman N. Deborah , Athan Eugene , Walton Aaron L. , O'Brien Daniel P. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a necrotizing infection of subcutaneous tissue that is caused by
Mycobacterium ulcerans
and is responsible for disfiguring skin lesions. The disease is endemic to specific geographic regions in the state of Victoria in southeastern Australia. Growing evidence of the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for
M. ulcerans
disease has evolved our practice to the use of primarily oral medical therapy. An observational cohort study was performed on all confirmed
M. ulcerans
cases treated with primary rifampin-based medical therapy at Barwon Health between October 2010 and December 2014 and receiving 12 months of follow-up. One hundred thirty-two patients were managed with primary medical therapy. The median age of patients was 49 years, and nearly 10% had diabetes mellitus. Lesions were ulcerative in 83.3% of patients and at WHO stage 1 in 78.8% of patients. The median duration of therapy was 56 days, with 22 patients (16.7%) completing fewer than 56 days of antimicrobial treatment. Antibiotic-associated complications requiring cessation of one or more antibiotics occurred in 21 (15.9%) patients. Limited surgical debridement was performed on 30 of these medically managed patients (22.7%). Cure was achieved, with healing within 12 months, in 131 of 132 patients (99.2%), and cosmetic outcomes were excellent. Primary rifampin-based oral medical therapy for
M. ulcerans
disease, combined with either clarithromycin or a fluoroquinolone, has an excellent rate of cure and an acceptable toxicity profile in Australian patients. We advocate for further research to determine the optimal and safest minimum duration of medical therapy for BU.
Antibiotic Resistance among Urinary Isolates from Female Outpatients in the United States in 2003 and 2012
Authors: Sanchez Guillermo V. , Babiker Ahmed , Master Ronald N. , Luu Tony , Mathur Anisha , Bordon Jose 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

A retrospective analysis was performed using The Surveillance Network, USA, to examine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among urine isolates from U.S. female outpatients in 2012 and assessed trends in antibiotic resistance comparing data from 2003 and 2012. The most common pathogen identified in 2012 (
n
= 285,325) was
Escherichia coli
(64.9% of isolates). In 2012,
E. coli
resistance to nitrofurantoin was low (<3%) across all age groups.
E. coli
resistance to ciprofloxacin was high among adults (11.8%) and elderly outpatients (29.1%). When comparing the 2003 and 2012 data from isolates from adults,
E. coli
resistance to nitrofurantoin changed only slightly (from 0.7% to 0.9%), whereas increases in resistance to ciprofloxacin (3.6% to 11.8%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (17.2% to 22.2%) changed substantially. In the United States,
E. coli
has become increasingly resistant to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) in adult female outpatients. Nitrofurantoin retains high levels of antibiotic activity against urinary
E. coli
.
Hidden Staphylococcus aureus Carriage: Overrated or Underappreciated?
Authors: van Belkum Alex 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is a persistent companion bacterial species in one-third of humankind. Reservoirs include the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities, skin, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Despite earlier claims that colonization of individuals is caused by clonal organisms, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revealed that resident type heterogeneity is not exceptional. Carriage, whether overt or hidden, is correlated with a risk of autoinfection. In a recent article in
mBio
, it was shown that, based on staphylococcal genome sequencing, low-level GI persistence may cause long-term nosocomial outbreaks [L. Senn et al., 7(1):e02039-15, 2016, doi:10.1128/mBio.02039-15]. Institutional endemicity with methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) sequence type 228 (ST228) is shown to originate not from high-level nasal carriage or poor compliance with infection control practice but from low-grade asymptomatic GI colonization. This shows the power of NGS in elucidating staphylococcal epidemiology and, even more important, demonstrates that (drug-resistant) microorganisms may possess stealthy means of persistence. Identifying these persistence mechanisms is key to successful infection control.
Social group memberships in retirement are associated with reduced risk of premature death: evidence from a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Steffens Niklas K , Cruwys Tegan , Haslam Catherine , Jetten Jolanda , Haslam S Alexander 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesRetirement constitutes a major life transition that poses significant challenges to health, with many retirees experiencing a precipitous decline in health status following retirement. We examine the extent to which membership in social groups following retirement determines quality of life and mortality.DesignThe longitudinal impact of the number of social group memberships before and after the transition to retirement was assessed on retirees’ quality of life and risk of death 6 years later.SettingNationally representative cohort study of older adults living in England.ParticipantsAdults who underwent the transition to retirement (N=424). A matched control group (N=424) of participants who had comparable demographic and health characteristics at baseline but did not undergo the transition to retirement were also examined.Outcome measuresAnalyses examined participants’ quality of life and mortality during a period of 6 years.ResultsRetirees who had two group memberships prior to retirement had a 2% risk of death in the first 6 years of retirement if they maintained membership in two groups, a 5% risk if they lost one group and a 12% risk if they lost both groups. Furthermore, for every group membership that participants lost in the year following retirement, their experienced quality of life 6 years later was approximately 10% lower. These relationships are robust when controlling for key sociodemographic variables (age, gender, relationship status and socioeconomic status prior to retirement). A comparison with a matched control group confirmed that these effects were specific to those undergoing the transition to retirement. The effect of social group memberships on mortality was comparable to that of physical exercise.ConclusionsTheoretical implications for our understanding of the determinants of retiree quality of life and health, and practical implications for the support of people transitioning from a life of work to retirement are discussed.
Predictive factors of radiological progression after 2 years of remission-steered treatment in early arthritis patients: a post hoc analysis of the IMPROVED study
Authors: Akdemir Gülşah , Verheul Marije K , Heimans Lotte , Wevers-de Boer Kirsten V C , Goekoop-Ruiterman Yvonne P M , van Oosterhout Maikel , Harbers Joop B , Bijkerk Casper , Steup-Beekman Gerda M , Lard Leroy R , Huizinga Tom W J , Trouw Leendert A , Allaart Cornelia F 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo identify predictive factors of radiological progression in early arthritis patients treated by remission-steered treatment.MethodsIn the IMPROVED study, 610 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or undifferentiated arthritis (UA) were treated with methotrexate (MTX) and a tapered high dose of prednisone. Patients in early remission (disease activity score (DAS) <1.6 after 4 months) tapered prednisone to zero. Patients not in early remission were randomised to arm 1: MTX plus hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine and prednisone, or to arm 2: MTX plus adalimumab. Predictors of radiological progression (≥0.5 Sharp/van der Heijde score; SHS) after 2 years were assessed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsMedian (IQR) SHS progression in 488 patients was 0 (0–0) point, without differences between RA or UA patients or between treatment arms. In only 50/488 patients, the SHS progression was ≥0.5: 33 (66%) were in the early DAS remission group, 9 (18%) in arm 1, 5 (10%) in arm 2, 3 (6%) in the outside of protocol group. Age (OR (95% CI): 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06)) and the combined presence of anticarbamylated protein antibodies (anti-CarP) and anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) (2.54 (1.16 to 5.58)) were independent predictors for SHS progression. Symptom duration <12 weeks showed a trend.ConclusionsAfter 2 years of remission steered treatment in early arthritis patients, there was limited SHS progression in only a small group of patients. Numerically, patients who had achieved early DAS remission had more SHS progression than other patients. Positivity for both anti-CarP and ACPA and age were independently associated with SHS progression.Trial registration numbersISRCTN Register number 11916566 and EudraCT number 2006 06186-16.
Endoscopic Single Approach Forearm Fasciotomy for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome: Long Term Follow-up
Authors: Pegoli L. , Pozzi A. , Pivato G. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm is an uncommon condition, occurring in some populations such as athletes. The standard surgical treatment for professional athletes who cannot avoid trigger activity is an open forearm fasciotomy, which may require a long recovery time. The aim of this study is to present a new endoscopic single approach forearm fasciotomy technique and outcomes of at least 3 years follow up. Methods: We performed the endoscopic single approach forearm fasciotomy in 4 forearms in 3 men with the mean age of 25 years. All of the patients were evaluated at a mean follow up of 46 months using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. Results: DASH improved from 21.71 to 5.39, VAS score improved too All the patients referred pain absence after the stress test performed at 20 kilos and 40 kilos. In our series no post-operative complications were observed. Conclusions: The new mini-invasive technique has proved to be safe, reliable in a long-term follow-up. The main advantage is the shortening of the recovering time, that leads to a faster return to the professional activity.
Isolated Muscle Transfer to Restore Elbow Flexion in Children with Arthrogryposis
Authors: Takagi Takehiko , Seki Atsuhito , Kobayashi Yuka , Mochida Joji , Takayama Shinichiro 
Published: February 2016

Background: Arthrogryposis is the general term given to conditions characterized by multiple joint contractures resulting in substantial disability most frequently involving a child. Early muscle transfer reconstructive surgery reliably restores elbow flexion. In the present study, we aimed to determine which preoperative condition is best able to restore elbow flexion in patients with arthrogryposis.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed five children (seven cases) who underwent elbow flexor reconstruction (Steindler flexorplasty, four cases; latissimus dorsi transfer, two cases; pectoralis major transfer, one case). Upper-extremity function was assessed on the basis of range of elbow extension and flexion and elbow flexor muscle power pre- and postoperatively.Results: The mean postoperative active flexion and extension range of motion was 82.1° (60° to 100°) and -15.0° (-40° to 0°) respectively. Mean postoperative elbow flexor muscle power was graded as a 3.4 (2 to 4) as measured with the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. The preoperative passive elbow flexion angle was found to correlate with postoperative muscle power (MRC) (r = 0.830, p = 0.042) and postoperative active elbow flexion angle (r = 0.902, p = 0.027). Age at operation was not found to correlate with postoperative muscle power (MRC) (r = -0.063, p = 0.878) or active elbow flexion angle (r = -0.134, p = 0.743).Conclusions: We found a positive correlation between preoperative passive elbow flexion/range of elbow motion and postoperative results including active range of motion and transferred muscle power. Diminished preoperative elbow flexion appeared to correlate with having a poor outcome. The present results suggest that choosing another muscle, such as the gracilis, may be beneficial for muscle transfer in more severe cases of arthrogryposis.
Where Are the Lightning Hotspots on Earth?
Authors: Albrecht Rachel I. , Goodman Steven J. , Buechler Dennis E. , Blakeslee Richard J. , Christian Hugh J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Previous total lightning climatology studies using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) observations were reported at coarse resolution (0.5°) and employed significant spatial and temporal smoothing to account for sampling limitations of TRMM’s tropical to subtropical low-Earth-orbit coverage. The analysis reported here uses a 16-yr reprocessed dataset to create a very high-resolution (0.1°) climatology with no further spatial averaging. This analysis reveals that Earth’s principal lightning hotspot occurs over Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela, while the highest flash rate density hotspot previously found at the lower 0.5°-resolution sampling was found in the Congo basin in Africa. Lake Maracaibo’s pattern of convergent windflow (mountain–valley, lake, and sea breezes) occurs over the warm lake waters nearly year-round and contributes to nocturnal thunderstorm development 297 days per year on average. These thunderstorms are very localized, and their persistent development anchored in one location accounts for the high flash rate density. Several other inland lakes with similar conditions, that is, deep nocturnal convection driven by locally forced convergent flow over a warm lake surface, are also revealed.
Africa is the continent with the most lightning hotspots, followed by Asia, South America, North America, and Australia. A climatological map of the local hour of maximum flash rate density reveals that most oceanic total lightning maxima are related to nocturnal thunderstorms, while continental lightning tends to occur during the afternoon. Most of the principal continental maxima are located near major mountain ranges, revealing the importance of local topography in thunderstorm development.
Climatological Comparison of Small- and Large-Current Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flashes over Southern China
Authors: Zheng Dong , Zhang Yijun , Meng Qing , Chen Luwen , Dan Jianru 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The first climatological comparison of small-current cloud-to-ground (SCCG; peak current ≤50 kA) and large-current cloud-to-ground (LCCG; peak current &gt;50 kA, &gt;75 kA, and &gt;100 kA) lightning flashes is presented for southern China. The LCCG lightning exhibits an apparent preference to occur over the sea. The percentage of positive LCCG lightning during the nonrainy season was more than twice that during the rainy season, while the percentage of positive SCCG lightning showed small seasonal differences. Positive cloud-to-ground (PCG) lightning was more likely to feature a large peak current than was negative cloud-to-ground (NCG) lightning, especially during the nonrainy season and over land. Distinct geographical differences are found between SCCG and LCCG lightning densities and between their own positive and negative discharges. Furthermore, the percentages of positive lightning from LCCG and SCCG lightning exhibit distinctly different geographical and seasonal (rain and nonrainy season) distributions. The diurnal variations in SCCG and LCCG lightning are clearly different over the sea but similar over land. Diurnal variations in the percentage of positive lightning are functions of the peak current and underlying Earth’s surface. In combination with the University of Utah precipitation feature (PF) dataset, it is revealed that thunderstorms with relatively weak convection and large precipitation areas are more likely to produce the LCCG lightning, and the positive LCCG lightning is well correlated with mesoscale convective systems in the spatial distribution during nonrainy season.
Dynamical Downscaling of the Climate for the Hawaiian Islands. Part I: Present Day
Authors: Zhang Chunxi , Wang Yuqing , Hamilton Kevin , Lauer Axel 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Hawaii’s high and steep topography leads to pronounced small-scale variations in climate, and this makes comprehensive modeling of the weather and climate particularly challenging. This paper describes a regional model formulation designed for simulations of the microclimates in Hawaii and then documents and analyzes an extended retrospective simulation for near-present-day conditions. Part II will apply the model to projected climate conditions near the end of the present century.
A nested version of the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with fine horizontal resolution and improved physics for the Hawaiian region has been configured. A 20-yr triply nested simulation of the atmospheric flow was undertaken with a 3-km-resolution mesh covering all main Hawaiian Islands and a 1-km mesh over Maui. Ocean surface temperatures are prescribed from observations, and meteorological fields at the boundaries of the outermost domain are taken from global reanalyses. The simulations are compared to surface, balloon, and satellite observations over the same period. The 3-km version of the model realistically simulates the frequency of trade wind inversions, time-mean rainfall, and other variables on relatively small scales over the island of Hawaii. There is a reasonable agreement between observed and simulated mean rainfall patterns over the other islands as well. However, the simulated distribution of mean rainfall over Kauai and (most particularly) Maui and Oahu reveals some significant deficiencies, which is attributed to inadequate resolution of the topography on these islands. The 1-km simulation over Maui shows clear improvement in the mean rainfall over the 3-km version.