bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Environmentally Friendly Lubricant for Water-Based Drilling Fluids as a New Application of Biodiesel
Authors: Li Wai , Zhao Xionghu , Peng Hui , Guo Junyu , Ji Tuo , Chen Bin , You Zhiliang , Liu Lan 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Oily lubricants have been used in water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) for many years, particularly in deviant, extended reach or horizontal wells where relatively high toque and drag often be a vital issue. As environmental regulations are becoming more restrictive, traditional lubricants for WBDFs encounter severe challenges. Hence, high-performance, environmentally friendly lubricants for WBDFs are urgently needed.
In this paper, a novel lubricant based on biodiesel was introduced. On the basis of a detailed comparison of the properties of biodiesel and some other oils, the huge potential of biodiesel as a lubricant was demonstrated. The development process of the novel lubricant was described briefly and then comprehensive laboratory evaluation results were presented. The results suggested that the lubricant has great performances in different WBDFs. It was also found to have low eco-toxicity and good biodegradability, meaning a great environmental acceptability. Its performance became even better after hot-rolling at 150 °C for 16 h. In addition, the performances of the lubricant mixed with some other lubricants including zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) and modified graphite (MG) in WBDFs were investigated. The results showed that the lubricity can be further enhanced by some synergetic effects between different lubricants. The action mechanisms of these synergetic effects in the friction process were proposed.
Using biodiesel-based lubricant for WBDF drilling is a promising way to compromise the legal pressure and technological demands. In view of the booming of biodiesel production and the increasing of environmental awareness, this lubricant offers a hopeful solution.
Challenging Development of Relief Wells: Active Magnetic Ranging in Highly Resistive Formations
Authors: Gosse Alan , Schiermeier Pete , Wu Hsu-Hsiang 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
While many operators prefer to design relief well (RW) plans using an active magnetic ranging (AMR) tool, it is important to understand the environmental limitations. One common misunderstanding of AMR performance is that the tool is not feasible in highly resistive formations. In fact, ranging at such resistive conditions has a negative impact on the AMR tool detection range; however, ranging operations utilizing AMR can still be achieved by using specific procedures based on different drilling conditions.
The most common type of highly resistive formations encountered in RW design is salt. Salt formations affect the capability of current penetration into the resistive media between a RW and a target well (TW). Without sufficient current, too small of a magnetic field is created on the target well, thus weak or no field to be measured at the AMR tool in the RW.
This paper presents various approaches addressing different types of salt formations to optimize the RW design and ranging plan, as well as reduce the impact of the salt formation on the AMR signal. In such salt formations, the physical formation properties and the corresponding proximity to a planned interception point at the RW will determine the required optimized mitigation techniques Field operators can only attain accurate magnetic ranging measurements for the RW operations using the methods highlighted in this paper.
Delayed Crosslinking Composition or Reaction Product Thereof for Treatment of a Subterranean Formation
Authors: Agarwal Shashank Deep 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a delayed fracturing stimulation fluid system designed to delay crosslink time and reduce surface pressure by reducing pipe friction during pumping to achieve improved recovery of heavy oil where preheated treatment fluids are required.
The new approach is based on the chelating properties of delaying agents. The delayed stimulation fluid system includes guar and a boron-based crosslinker. The base stimulation fluid was preheated to 167°F (75°C) before pumping, Without adding the delaying agent, crosslinking occurred at surface conditions such that high tubular friction pressure was experienced while pumping the stimulation fluid down hole. To measure the crosslinking time, vortex closure time was observed. The delay in crosslinking time was directly proportional to the vortex closure time. A significant change was observed in the vortex closure time after adding the delaying agent to the heated fluid.
The novelty of the fluid system delaying agent is in its ability to allow pumping heated borate-crosslinked guar gels with crosslink-delaying efficiency, resulting in reduced surface pressure and adequate fluid viscosity in the formation.
Improving Directional Survey Accuracy through Real-Time Operating Centers
Authors: DeVerse Shawn , Maus Stefan 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Standard directional surveying practices are subject to numerous error sources which can cause inaccurate placement of the wellbore. This is problematic because inaccurate wellbore placement increases collision risk, reduces reservoir drainage, and impacts subsurface models. Web-based software was developed to provide rig site personnel with a simple interface to transfer survey data in real-time to survey analysts in a remote operations center. The web interface is easily accessible via standard web browsers and enables users to upload data in any format without the need to manually configure or manipulate data fields. Independent survey quality analysis by remote operating centers is the most effective way to validate directional survey accuracy and to ensure it is free from gross or large systematic errors that exceed the assumptions of the positional error model. Furthermore, by applying multi-station analysis corrections and using in-field referencing geomagnetic models, the positional uncertainty of the wellbore trajectory can be reduced by 50 percent or greater. These methods improve wellbore placement substantially at a low operational cost, thus significantly increasing the value of the wellbore.
How Dynamic Hydraulic and Well Control Modeling has been Utilized for Planning, Well/Rig Specific Training and RT Supervision for HPHT, MPD and DGD Operations in an Integrated Lifecycle Simulation System
Authors: Rommetveit Rolv , Svendsen Morten , Nabavi Josef , Helgeland Stig , Ødegård Sven Inge 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A dynamic integrated thermal and hydraulic model has been integrated into a lifecycle simulation system and utilized for a number of challenging well projects (HPHT, MPD and DGD projects). The model allows for single phase and multiphase modelling and thus also well control modelling.
The model has been utilized in planning, training and also during real time operations for decision support.
A sophisticated user interface including 3D Visualization of the well has been developed. This has been used to update the risk picture in real time, and communicate this to involved parties.
The same advanced model has been built into a planning system; a downhole training simulator and a real time system.
The real time model can be used in either a control mode or a supervisory mode. In the control mode the real time model has been used for maintaining constant bottomhole pressure with automatic choke control.
During operation a real-time link was established with the rig, and WITSML data in addition to all well, fluid and string data was streamed into a dynamic, real-time simulation system. This simulation system provided the following; i) RT dynamic modelling of the pressure (ECD) and temperature profile in the wellbore; the cuttings distribution and its effects on the ECD; ii) Automatic look-ahead simulations of ECD and temperatures on the fly; iii) RT profiles of simulated versus measured pressure at the PWD, and simulated versus measured standpipe pressure; and iv) RT dynamically updated 3D Visualization of the downhole wellbore with a continuously updated risk picture made available for the drilling teams.
This paper will present the model and results of its use in HPHT, MPD and DGD projects.
Identification of Shallow Gas Leaks Through Multiple Strings Using Slickline With Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing
Authors: Setiawan Toto , Lidwin Sharon Ellen , Wei Gan Teik , Widodo Sukarmen Wargo , Sandanasamy Ronfernandez , Rakela Tribor , Sundaralingam Sundaresh , Granados Leidy Pitre , Vaca Juan Cortez 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Shallow gas formation leaks represent one of the greatest hazards in the industry, especially when they manifest in mature wells where aging is affecting their cement insulation and surface facilities. These formations are normally covered by multiple strings that make it difficult to diagnose and access them.
Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology enables permanently installed thermal monitoring of the well, which, in combination with surface well manipulation, can identify temperature anomalies that lead to leak identification.
One of the critical requirements, especially in mature wells where permanent DTS installations are not available, is that the diagnostics are performed efficiently and, in many cases, with the smallest footprint possible.
A fiber-optic DTS line deployed using a slickline unit provides the benefit of a smart completion continuous monitoring with the minimal foot-print and efficiency of a slickline setup. The system employs a modular unit that can be used to perform all the associated slickline operations to prepare the well and then convey the fiber-optic line to perform the survey.
Two examples from offshore Sabah (Malaysia) are presented where completion and casing integrity issues were identified in conditions that would have not been possible by other technologies.
Expanding the Reach of Wireline Perforating
Authors: Aboelnaga Sharif , Salsman Alan , Martin Andy , Singh Kamaljeet , Pandey Arun , Guedes Carlos Eduardo 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Advances in technology are pushing the boundaries of what is possible with wireline cable conveyance with heavy payloads. New high-strength cables, conveyance systems, wireline tractors, prejob modeling software, and a wide range of additional enabling technologies have shifted the conventional norm for wireline perforating applications, thereby allowing for the successful shooting of very long perforating gun strings. Detailed job planning is required and, with the help of conveyance planning and shock modeling, perforating bottomhole assemblies can be optimized and maximized payloads of perforating guns can be run. Successful operations have been completed in which 100 ft or more of perforating guns from 2 7/8-in. to 7-in. have been deployed and shot in a single descent in many areas including Qatar, Oman, UK, Norway, Mexico, and Brazil.
Combining the new hardware breakthroughs with advanced software modeling has enabled the implementation of ultralong and heavy wireline perforating jobs in both offshore and land operations. These new wireline perforating techniques have improved efficiency and logistics while reducing rig time and cost; they will be of interest to all operators conducting perforating operations.
Efficient Approach for Optimal Well Placement to Optimize the Underwater Distributary-Channel Laminated Reservoir Development in Offshore South China
Authors: Wu Yiming , Li Jian , Chang Botao , Wang Chao 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Development of a green oil field was started in 2014 with a horizontal well pattern targeting the underwater distributary-channel sand reservoir of the braided-channel deltaic sediment. In this geological environment, the complex uncertainties appear as the irregular superposition of sand bodies and interbeds, lateral changes in sand reservoir property and thickness, and the high structural dip uncertainty. In appraisal wells, the laminated edge water sand reservoir consists of multiple irregular and thin (0.5 to 5.6 m) sand layers and shaly and calcareous interbeds. The crucial points for success in this development are to manage uncertainties and accurately identify the laminated reservoir profile for optimal well placement along discontinuous sweet sand layers and to update the reservoir model for the future development plan optimization.
To manage the uncertainties and challenges, a deep directional electromagnetic resistivity logging-while-drilling tool was introduced to provide a High-definition (HD) Multilayer Bed Boundary Detection Service. The prejob feasibility study revealed this HD service's capability in this complex multilayer environment by delineating the profiles of multiple layers (more than three) simultaneously from a distance of up to 15 ft. The perfect application result of this HD service in the first well proved this service as the effective approach to enhance the reservoir understanding and place the horizontal wells optimally along discontinuous sweet sand layers. Accordingly, a significant start was made to initiate the development breakthrough in this specific underwater distributary-channel laminated reservoir. The success of multiple subsequent wells further validated the high efficiency of this approach.
Several key outcomes have been observed during the execution and upon the completion of the wells as the highlights of this HD service for this complex reservoir, as follows: The HD resistivity automated multilayer inversion could simultaneously reveal up to four boundaries and five layers vertically to clearly identify the subsurface multilayer resistivity profile in real time including several sand bodies.Enhanced understanding of the laminated reservoir helped in proactively landing the smooth trajectory into the uncertain sweet zone and to identify remotely the lateral reservoir thickness variation and its vertical heterogeneity to control the smooth trajectory within the best zone while close to the target top for the maximum oil recovery.The updating of the reservoir model accordingly helped the assessment of the reserve and the optimization of the future development plan.
The implementation of this efficient approach is the key enabler to place efficiently the smooth trajectory along the best position within the sweet zone to develop profitably this specific laminated channel sand reservoir.
Lung Function Monitoring; A Randomized Agreement Study
Authors: Berntsen Sveinung , Stølevik Solvor B. , Mowinckel Petter , Nystad Wenche , Stensrud Trine 
Published: August 2016

Objective:
To determine the agreement between devices and repeatability within devices of the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC (FEF50) values measured using the four spirometers included in the study.

Methods:
50 (24 women) participants (20-64 years of age) completed maximum forced expiratory flow manoeuvres and measurements were performed using the following devices: MasterScreen, SensorMedics, Oxycon Pro and SpiroUSB. The order of the instruments tested was randomized and blinded for both the participants and the technicians. Re-testing was conducted on a following day within 72 hours at the same time of the day.

Results:
The devices which obtained the most comparable values for all lung function variables were SensorMedics and Oxycon Pro, and MasterScreen and SpiroUSB. For FEV1, mean difference was 0.04 L (95% confidence interval; -0.05, 0.14) and 0.00 L (-0.06, 0.06), respectively. When using the criterion of FVC and FEV1 ≤ 0.150 L for acceptable repeatability, 67% of the comparisons of the measured lung function values obtained by the four devices were acceptable. Overall, Oxycon Pro obtained most frequently values of the lung function variables with highest precision as indicated by the coefficients of repeatability (CR), followed by MasterScreen, SensorMedics and SpiroUSB (e.g. min-max CR for FEV1; 0.27-0.46).

Conclusion:
The present study confirms that measurements obtained by the same device at different times can be compared; however, measured lung function values may differ depending on spirometers used.
NOMINAL VALUES FOR SELECTED SOLAR AND PLANETARY QUANTITIES: IAU 2015 RESOLUTION B3*
†
Authors: Prša Andrej , Harmanec Petr , Torres Guillermo , Mamajek Eric , Asplund Martin , Capitaine Nicole , Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen , Depagne Éric , Haberreiter Margit , Hekker Saskia , Hilton James , Kopp Greg , Kostov Veselin , Kurtz Donald W. , Laskar Jacques , Mason Brian D. , Milone Eugene F. , Montgomery Michele , Richards Mercedes , Schmutz Werner , Schou Jesper , Stewart Susan G. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
In this brief communication we provide the rationale for and the outcome of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) resolution vote at the XXIXth General Assembly in Honolulu, Hawaii, in 2015, on recommended nominal conversion constants for selected solar and planetary properties. The problem addressed by the resolution is a lack of established conversion constants between solar and planetary values and SI units: a missing standard has caused a proliferation of solar values (e.g., solar radius, solar irradiance, solar luminosity, solar effective temperature, and solar mass parameter) in the literature, with cited solar values typically based on best estimates at the time of paper writing. As precision of observations increases, a set of consistent values becomes increasingly important. To address this, an IAU Working Group on Nominal Units for Stellar and Planetary Astronomy formed in 2011, uniting experts from the solar, stellar, planetary, exoplanetary, and fundamental astronomy, as well as from general standards fields to converge on optimal values for nominal conversion constants. The effort resulted in the IAU 2015 Resolution B3, passed at the IAU General Assembly by a large majority. The resolution recommends the use of nominal solar and planetary values, which are by definition exact and are expressed in SI units. These nominal values should be understood as conversion factors only, not as the true solar/planetary properties or current best estimates. Authors and journal editors are urged to join in using the standard values set forth by this resolution in future work and publications to help minimize further confusion.
REPEATABILITY AND ACCURACY OF EXOPLANET ECLIPSE DEPTHS MEASURED WITH POST-CRYOGENIC SPITZER
Authors: Ingalls James G. , Krick J. E. , Carey S. J. , Stauffer John R. , Lowrance Patrick J. , Grillmair Carl J. , Buzasi Derek , Deming Drake , Diamond-Lowe Hannah , Evans Thomas M. , Morello G. , Stevenson Kevin B. , Wong Ian , Capak Peter , Glaccum William , Laine Seppo , Surace Jason , Storrie-Lombardi Lisa 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We examine the repeatability, reliability, and accuracy of differential exoplanet eclipse depth measurements made using the InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) on the Spitzer
Space Telescope during the post-cryogenic mission. We have re-analyzed an existing 4.5 μm data set, consisting of 10 observations of the XO-3b system during secondary eclipse, using seven different techniques for removing correlated noise. We find that, on average, for a given technique, the eclipse depth estimate is repeatable from epoch to epoch to within 156 parts per million (ppm). Most techniques derive eclipse depths that do not vary by more than a factor 3 of the photon noise limit. All methods but one accurately assess their own errors: for these methods, the individual measurement uncertainties are comparable to the scatter in eclipse depths over the 10 epoch sample. To assess the accuracy of the techniques as well as to clarify the difference between instrumental and other sources of measurement error, we have also analyzed a simulated data set of 10 visits to XO-3b, for which the eclipse depth is known. We find that three of the methods (BLISS mapping, Pixel Level Decorrelation, and Independent Component Analysis) obtain results that are within three times the photon limit of the true eclipse depth. When averaged over the 10 epoch ensemble, 5 out of 7 techniques come within 60 ppm of the true value. Spitzer exoplanet data, if obtained following current best practices and reduced using methods such as those described here, can measure repeatable and accurate single eclipse depths, with close to photon-limited results.
SPECTROSCOPIC ORBITS FOR 15 LATE-TYPE STARS
Authors: Willmarth Daryl W. , Fekel Francis C. , Abt Helmut A. , Pourbaix Dimitri 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Spectroscopic orbital elements are determined for 15 stars with periods from 8 to 6528 days with six orbits computed for the first time. Improved astrometric orbits are computed for two stars and one new orbit is derived. Visual orbits were previously determined for four stars, four stars are members of multiple systems, and five stars have Hipparcos “G” designations or have been resolved by speckle interferometry. For the nine binaries with previous spectroscopic orbits, we determine improved or comparable elements. For HD 28271 and HD 200790, our spectroscopic results support the conclusions of previous authors that the large values of their mass functions and lack of detectable secondary spectrum argue for the secondary in each case being a pair of low-mass dwarfs. The orbits given here may be useful in combination with future interferometric and Gaia satellite observations.
ULTRA-SHORT-PERIOD PLANETS IN K2 SUPERPIG RESULTS FOR CAMPAIGNS 0–5
Authors: Adams Elisabeth R. , Jackson Brian , Endl Michael 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We analyzed data from Campaigns 0–5 of the K2 mission and report 19 ultra-short-period candidate planets with orbital periods of less than one day (nine of which have not been previously reported). Planet candidates range in size from 0.7 to 16 Earth radii and in orbital period from 4.2 to 23.5 hr. One candidate (EPIC 203533312, Kp = 12.5) is among the shortest-period planet candidates discovered to date (

hr), and, if confirmed as a planet, must have a density of at least

to not be tidally disrupted. Five candidates have nominal radius values in the sub-Jovian desert (

and

days) where theoretical models do not favor their long-term stability; the only confirmed planet in this range is thought to be disintegrating (EPIC 201637175). In addition to the planet candidates, we report on four objects that may not be planetary, including one with intermittent transits (EPIC 211152484) and three initially promising candidates that are likely false positives based on characteristics of their light curves and on radial velocity follow-up. A list of 91 suspected eclipsing binaries identified at various stages in our vetting process is also provided. Based on an assessment of our survey's completeness, we estimate an occurrence rate for ultra-short-period planets among K2 target stars that is about half that estimated from the Kepler sample, raising questions as to whether K2 systems are intrinsically different from Kepler systems, possibly as a result of their different galactic location.