bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency and genotyping of group A rotavirus among Egyptian children with acute gastroenteritis: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Azzazy Ensaf A. , Amer Rania M. , Abdellatif Ghada Mohammed , Abd-Elmoneim Hala Adel , Abo-Alella Doaa Alhussein 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
This hospital-based cross-sectional study aims to investigate the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of rotavirus group A (RVA) infection among children with acute gastroenteritis and to detect the most common G and P genotypes in Egypt.

Methods
A total of 92 stool samples were collected from children under five who were diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis. RVA in stool samples was identified using ELISA and nested RT-PCR. Common G and P genotypes were identified utilizing multiplex nested RT-PCR assays.

Results
RVA was detected at a rate of 24% (22 /92) using ELISA and 26.1% (24 /92) using VP6 nested RT-PCR. The ELISA test demonstrated diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 91.7%, 100%, and 97.8%, respectively. G3 was the most prevalent G type (37.5%), followed by G1 (12.5%), whereas the most commonly detected P type were P[8] (41.7%) and P[6] (8.2%). RVA-positive samples were significantly associated with younger aged children (p = 0.026), and bottle-fed (p = 0.033) children. In addition, RVA-positive samples were more common during cooler seasons (p = 0.0001). Children with rotaviral gastroenteritis had significantly more frequent episodes of diarrhea (10.87 ± 3.63 times/day) and vomiting (8.79 ± 3.57 times/day) per day (p = 0.013 and p = 0.011, respectively). Moreover, they had a more severe Vesikari clinical score (p = 0.049).

Conclusion
RVA is a prevalent cause of acute gastroenteritis among Egyptian children in our locality. The discovery of various RVA genotypes in the local population, as well as the identification of common G and P untypeable strains, highlights the significance of implementing the rotavirus vaccine in Egyptian national immunization programs accompanied by continuous monitoring of strains.
Role of the biological active components of human milk on long-term growth and neurodevelopmental outcome
Authors: Peila Chiara , Riboldi Lorenzo , Coscia Alessandra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHuman Milk is the best option for infant feeding; and for this reason, it should be promoted, protected, and supported. HM is an individual-specific-dynamic biofluid, characterized by an extreme variability in its composition. A wealth of literature has investigated how HM is related to healthy development. An association between HM composition, including nutrients and growth-related hormones as well as other bioactive components, and short-term and long-term infant outcomes could support this statement; however, the evidence is limited. In fact, HM composition is difficult to examine as it is dynamic and changes within a single feed, diurnally, according to stage of lactation and between and within populations. The aim of this review is summarizing only the innovative knowledge on the association between HM composition and long-term outcomes: infant growth and neurodevelopment. In this specific contest, macronutrients and historical biological component with well recognized effect were excluded (i.e. LCPUFA, DHA, iodine). Revised articles have been found in MEDLINE using breast milk-related outcomes, neurodevelopment, infant growth, breast milk-related biological factors, biomarkers, biological active components, and constituents as keywords. Moreover, we focus our search on the latest research results.
Use of virus-like particles and nanoparticle-based vaccines for combating picornavirus infections
Authors: Ren Mei , Abdullah Sahibzada Waheed , Pei Chenchen , Guo Huichen , Sun Shiqi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPicornaviridae are non-enveloped ssRNA viruses that cause diseases such as poliomyelitis, hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), hepatitis A, encephalitis, myocarditis, and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccines mainly comprise particles formed through the self-assembly of viral capsid proteins (for enveloped viruses, envelope proteins are also an option). They do not contain the viral genome. On the other hand, the nanoparticles vaccine (NPs) is mainly composed of self-assembling biological proteins or nanomaterials, with viral antigens displayed on the surface. The presentation of viral antigens on these particles in a repetitive array can elicit a strong immune response in animals. VLPs and NPs can be powerful platforms for multivalent antigen presentation. This review summarises the development of virus-like particle vaccines (VLPs) and nanoparticle vaccines (NPs) against picornaviruses. By detailing the progress made in the fight against various picornaviruses such as poliovirus (PV), foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), enterovirus (EV), Senecavirus A (SVA), and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), we in turn highlight the significant strides made in vaccine technology. These advancements include diverse construction methods, expression systems, elicited immune responses, and the use of various adjuvants. We see promising prospects for the continued development and optimisation of VLPs and NPs vaccines. Future research should focus on enhancing these vaccines' immunogenicity, stability, and delivery methods. Moreover, expanding our understanding of the interplay between these vaccines and the immune system will be crucial. We hope these insights will inspire and guide fellow researchers in the ongoing quest to combat picornavirus infections more effectively.
Therapeutic targets of armored chimeric antigen receptor T cells navigating the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Li Xianjun , Chen Tianjun , Li Xuehan , Zhang Hanyu , Li Yingjing , Zhang Shuyuan , Luo Shengnan , Zheng Tongsen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, which targets tumors with high specificity through the recognition of particular antigens, has emerged as one of the most rapidly advancing modalities in immunotherapy, demonstrating substantial success against hematological malignancies. However, previous generations of CAR-T cell therapy encountered numerous challenges in treating solid tumors, such as the lack of suitable targets, high immunosuppression, suboptimal persistence, and insufficient infiltration owing to the complexities of the tumor microenvironment, all of which limited their efficacy. In this review, we focus on the current therapeutic targets of fourth-generation CAR-T cells, also known as armored CAR-T cells, and explore the mechanisms by which these engineered cells navigate the tumor microenvironment by targeting its various components. Enhancing CAR-T cells with these therapeutic targets holds promise for improving their effectiveness against solid tumors, thus achieving substantial clinical value and advancing the field of CAR-T cell therapy. Additionally, we discuss potential strategies to overcome existing challenges and highlight novel targets that could further enhance the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy in treating solid tumors.
Rodents of Bahir Dar Blue Nile River Millennium Park, Ethiopia
Authors: Ejigu Dessalegn , Gelaw Marye 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Rodents are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are found in all continents except Antarctica. They are the most diverse groups of mammals representing 41% of all mammals and they are known with 33 families, 481 genera, and about 2277 species. The present study was conducted from December 2018 to August 2019 both during the dry and wet seasons using Sherman traps and live traps. Four trap sites namely forest, bushland, grassland, and sugarcane plantation were selected for data collection. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) was used to compute rodent species diversity, Simpson’s index (D) to assess the number and abundance of rodents in the different habitats, and one-way ANOVA and independent samples t-test were used for data analysis.

Results
A total of 163 individual rodents were captured in 1776 trap nights of which 125 individuals were captured using live traps in 1176 trap nights and 38 individuals using snap traps in 600 trap nights. Among the total individual rodents captured in the Bahir Dar Blue Nile River Millennium Park, 63.8% (n = 104) were males and 36.2% (n = 59) were females. Males outnumbered females in all the grids and the difference was significant (t = 31.5, df = 10, p < 0.05). The relative abundance of rodent species indicated that 42.4% (n = 53) were Arvicanthis niloticus, 26.4% (n = 33) Rattus rattus, 17.6% (n = 22) Mus musculus, 8% (n = 10) Mastomys natalensis, and 5.6% (n = 7) Arvicanthis abyssinicus. There are more individual specimens of A. niloticus than other species identified in the area (F = 698.22, df = 4, p < 0.05). Distribution of rodents varied among the different habitats. As a result, the bushland habitat showed more diversity of rodents (H = 0.98) and comprised relatively the highest (51.2%, n = 64) number of individuals captured, while the forest habitat supported the lowest number of rodents (4%, n = 5), and the difference showed a significant difference (F = 873.37, df = 3, p < 0.05). Population density with 95% confident interval estimated as 166 individuals/ha (95% CI:164.43–167.57).

Conclusion
The present study provides basic information about population dynamics of rodents and contributes to design conservation strategies for rodents in particular and other biota of the area in general.
When do contemporary wildfires restore forest structures in the Sierra Nevada?
Authors: Chamberlain Caden P. , Bartl-Geller Bryce N. , Cansler C. Alina , North Malcolm P. , Meyer Marc D. , van Wagtendonk Liz , Redford Hannah E. , Kane Van R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Following a century of fire suppression in western North America, managers use forest restoration treatments to reduce fuel loads and reintroduce key processes like fire. However, annual area burned by wildfire frequently outpaces the application of restoration treatments. As this trend continues under climate change, it is essential that we understand the effects of contemporary wildfires on forest ecosystems and the extent to which post-fire structures are meeting common forest restoration objectives. In this study, we used airborne lidar to evaluate fire effects across yellow pine and mixed conifer (YPMC) forests of California’s Sierra Nevada. We quantified the degree to which forest structures in first-entry burned areas (previously unburned since ~ 1900s) and unburned controls aligned with restoration targets derived from contemporary reference sites. We also identified environmental conditions that contributed to more restorative fire effects.

Results
Relative to unburned controls, structural patterns in first-entry burned areas aligned more closely with reference sites. Yet, across all burn severities, first-entry wildfires were only moderately successful at meeting targets for canopy cover (48% total area) and ladder fuels (54% total area), and achieving these targets while also producing tree clump and opening patterns aligning with reference sites was less common (16% total area). Moderate-severity patches had the highest proportion of restorative fire effects (55–64% total area), while low- and high-severity patches were either too dense or too open, respectively. Our models (and publicly-available mapped predictions) indicated a higher probability of restorative effects within 1 km of previous fires, within the mid-upper climate range of the YPMC zone, and under moderate fire intensities (~ 1–2 m flame lengths).

Conclusions
First-entry wildfires can sometimes restore structural conditions by reducing canopy cover and ladder fuels and increasing structural heterogeneity, especially within moderate-severity patches. However, these initial fires represent just one step toward restoring dry forest ecosystems. Post-fire landscapes will require additional low- to moderate-intensity fires and/or strategic management interventions to fully restore structural conditions. In yet unburned forests, managers could prioritize mechanical treatments at lower elevations, early-season burning at mid to high elevations, and resource objective wildfires in landscapes with mosaics of past wildfires.
Effects of fire and fire-induced changes in soil properties on post-burn soil respiration
Authors: Johnson Dana B. , Yedinak Kara M. , Sulman Benjamin N. , Berry Timothy D. , Kruger Kelsey , Whitman Thea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Boreal forests cover vast areas of land in the northern hemisphere and store large amounts of carbon (C) both aboveground and belowground. Wildfires, which are a primary ecosystem disturbance of boreal forests, affect soil C via combustion and transformation of organic matter during the fire itself and via changes in plant growth and microbial activity post-fire. Wildfire regimes in many areas of the boreal forests of North America are shifting towards more frequent and severe fires driven by changing climate. As wildfire regimes shift and the effects of fire on belowground microbial community composition are becoming clearer, there is a need to link fire-induced changes in soil properties to changes in microbial functions, such as respiration, in order to better predict the impact of future fires on C cycling.

Results
We used laboratory burns to simulate boreal crown fires on both organic-rich and sandy soil cores collected from Wood Buffalo National Park, Alberta, Canada, to measure the effects of burning on soil properties including pH, total C, and total nitrogen (N). We used 70-day soil incubations and two-pool exponential decay models to characterize the impacts of burning and its resulting changes in soil properties on soil respiration. Laboratory burns successfully captured a range of soil temperatures that were realistic for natural wildfire events. We found that burning increased pH and caused small decreases in C:N in organic soil. Overall, respiration per gram total (post-burn) C in burned soil cores was 16% lower than in corresponding unburned control cores, indicating that soil C lost during a burn may be partially offset by burn-induced decreases in respiration rates. Simultaneously, burning altered how remaining C cycled, causing an increase in the proportion of C represented in the modeled slow-cycling vs. fast-cycling C pool as well as an increase in fast-cycling C decomposition rates.

Conclusions
Together, our findings imply that C storage in boreal forests following wildfires will be driven by the combination of C losses during the fire itself as well as fire-induced changes to the soil C pool that modulate post-fire respiration rates. Moving forward, we will pair these results with soil microbial community data to understand how fire-induced changes in microbial community composition may influence respiration.
Current advances in CRISPR-Cas-mediated gene editing and regulation in cyanobacteria
Authors: Dong Zhengxin , Chen Lei , Wang Yu , Sun Tao , Zhang Weiwen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotosynthetic cyanobacteria are important microbial models in basic research such as photosynthesis, biological rhythm, and the geochemical cycle of elements. Meanwhile, they attract significant attention to serve as "autotrophic cell factories", enabling the production of dozens of chemicals. In this case, genetic toolboxes especially gene editing and regulation tools with high efficiency are the basis of the development of related studies. Among them, clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas related technologies have realized rapid and efficient gene editing, gene silence and activation in multiple organisms like Escherichia coli, budding yeast, plant and mammalian cells. To promote their understandings and applications in cyanobacteria, in this review, advances in CRISPR-Cas-mediated gene editing and regulations were critically discussed. Firstly, the elucidation of native CRISPR-Cas in cyanobacteria were concluded, which provided new tool candidates for further optimization. Secondly, basic principles and applications of CRISPR-Cas related gene editing and regulation tools used in cyanobacteria were respectively discussed. In the future, further studies on development of native CRISPR-Cas tools, continuous editing and dynamic regulation would significantly promote the synthetic biology researches in cyanobacteria.
Advancing quality of care using a knowledge transfer approach to foster the use of single-fraction radiation therapy.
Authors: Johnson Olajumoke , Hayman James , Paradis Kelly , Mietzel Melissa A. , Kendrick Danielle 
Published: September 2024

288

Background:
There are significant barriers between the publication of scientific evidence and its adoption in clinical practice. Research in bone metastasis has demonstrated the effectiveness of single-fraction radiation therapy for uncomplicated cases. A persistent reluctance to adopt this approach in favor of multi-treatment courses remain. The aim of this project was to advocate for a better treatment method by employing a knowledge transfer approach to disseminate information, gather clinician feedback, and change practices.
Methods:
Initially, experts were invited to share best practices and raise awareness about the issue. Quality measures were developed with help from a consortium-wide working group and were introduced in 2020. The performance metric was steadily increased from 20% to a consortium-wide rate of ≥45% in 2023. The knowledge transfer project involved using video presentations to educate clinicians on the benefits of single-fraction treatment, a post-session survey to assess the impact of the information provided, and a 30-minute virtual discussion that followed days after the presentation. The 30-minute recorded video presentation by a radiation oncologist with expertise in palliative care presented evidence in support of the treatment and dispelled myths surrounding single-fraction treatment. This was first piloted at four sites before being rolled out consortium wide.
Results:
The project was effective. Physicians at 22 radiation oncology centers reported an increased awareness of single-fraction treatment and a willingness to try it. The table shows: 100% reported the topic was relevant, 94% were prompted to reflect on their current practice, 63% reported their thoughts about fractionation changed and 84% acknowledged an increase in their knowledge of the evidence supporting single-fraction treatment. Annual rates of single-fraction use increased over time. The consortium wide target promoting the use of single fraction for uncomplicated patients was met in 2023– single fraction was used 46% of the time for the treatment of uncomplicated bone metastases patients as compared to about 37% in 2021.
Conclusions:
Patient care can be enhanced by supporting providers who make health care decisions daily. Quality care can be encouraged by conveying evidence-based knowledge to providers, who are responsible for making healthcare treatment decisions. This project illustrates that sustained efforts in knowledge transfer can effectively change clinical practice patterns to align with evidence-based recommendations.

Knowledge transfer project.

Physician participation vs. those invited to participate
22/24 (91.67%)

Survey Responses:

a. Relevant to Practice
100%

b. Usefulness to practice and reflection on current practice
94%

c. Thoughts changed about fractionation treatment
63%

d. Knowledge of evidence supporting treatment increased
84%
Connections between kinks with different asymptotics
Authors: Gani Vakhid A. , Marjaneh Aliakbar Moradi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this letter, we show how to build bridges between field-theoretic models that have kink solutions with different asymptotic behavior. We study transformational properties of kinks in models with a real scalar field in two-dimensional space-time. We show how to obtain new models with solitons having different asymptotic behavior, using deformations with specific functions. In particular, starting from the well-known

model, we obtain kinks with super-exponential, super-super-exponential, power-law, and logarithmic asymptotics. We also comment on how asymptotic behavior of stability potential and zero mode can be obtained for deformed kinks.
Immunofluorescent detection of protein CoAlation in mammalian cells under oxidative stress
Authors: Malanchuk Oksana , Khoruzhenko Antonina , Kosach Viktoriia , Bdzhola Anna , Bidiuk Dariy , Brett Charlie , Gout Ivan , Filonenko Valeriy 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Previously, we reported the generation and characterisation of highly specific anti-CoA monoclonal antibodies capable of recognizing CoA in various immunological assays. Utilizing these antibodies in conjunction with mass spectrometry, we identified a wide array of cellular proteins modified by CoA in bacteria and mammalian cells. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that such modifications could be induced by oxidative or metabolic stress. This study advances the utility of anti-CoA monoclonal antibodies in analysing protein CoAlation, highlighting their effectiveness in immunofluorescent assay. Our data corroborates a significant increase in cellular protein CoAlation induced by oxidative agents. Additionally, we observed that hydrogen-peroxide induced protein CoAlation is predominantly associated with mitochondrial proteins.
Axin1 regulates tooth root development by inhibiting AKT1-mTORC1 activation and Shh translation in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyu , Huang Hongcan , Zhou Zhipeng , Guo Weihua , Yang Guobin , Chen Zhi , Chen Di , Chen YiPing , Yuan Guohua 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) interacts with dental apical mesenchyme and guides development of the tooth root, which is integral to the function of the whole tooth. However, the key genes in HERS essential for root development are understudied. Here, we show that Axin1, a scaffold protein that negatively regulates canonical Wnt signaling, is strongly expressed in the HERS. Axin1 ablation in the HERS of mice leads to defective root development, but in a manner independent of canonical Wnt signaling. Further studies reveal that Axin1 in the HERS negatively regulates the AKT1-mTORC1 pathway through binding to AKT1, leading to inhibition of ribosomal biogenesis and mRNA translation. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein, a morphogen essential for root development, is over-synthesized by upregulated mTORC1 activity upon Axin1 inactivation. Importantly, either haploinsufficiency of the mTORC1 subunit Rptor or pharmacological inhibition of Shh signaling can rescue the root defects in Axin1 mutant mice. Collectively, our data suggest that, independently of canonical Wnt signaling, Axin1 controls ribosomal biogenesis and selective mRNA translation programs via AKT1-mTORC1 signaling during tooth root development.