bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classical Cyclotron
Authors: Méot François 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the classical cyclotron, and the theoretical material needed for the simulation exercises. It begins with a brief reminder of the historical context, and continues with beam optics and with the principles and methods which the classical cyclotron leans on, including

ion orbit in a cyclic accelerator,

weak focusing and periodic transverse motion,

revolution period and isochronism,

voltage gap and resonant acceleration,

the cyclotron equation.

The simulation of a cyclotron dipole will either resort to an analytical model of the field: the optical element DIPOLE, or will resort to using a field map together with the keyword TOSCA to handle it and raytrace through. An additional accelerator device needed in the exercises, CAVITE, simulates a local oscillating voltage. Running a simulation generates a variety of output files, including the execution listing zgoubi.res, always, and other zgoubi.plt, zgoubi.CAVITE.out, zgoubi.MATRIX.out, etc., aimed at looking up program execution, storing data for post-treatment, producing graphs, etc. Additional keywords are introduced as needed, such as the matching procedure FIT[2]; FAISCEAU and FAISTORE which log local particle data in zgoubi.res or in a user defined ancillary file; MARKER; the “system call” command SYSTEM; REBELOTE, a ‘do loop’; and some more. This chapter introduces in addition to spin motion in accelerator magnets; dedicated simulation exercises include a variety of keywords: SPNTRK, a request for spin tracking, SPNPRT or FAISTORE, to log spin vector components in respectively zgoubi.res or some ancillary file, and the “IL = 2” flag to log stepwise particle data, including spin vector, in zgoubi.plt file. Simulations include deriving transport matrices, beam matrix, optical functions and their transport, from rays, using MATRIX and TWISS keywords.
Weak Focusing Synchrotron
Authors: Méot François 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the weak focusing synchrotron, and the theoretical material needed for the simulation exercises. It begins with a brief reminder of the historical context, and continues with the beam optics and acceleration techniques that the weak focusing synchrotron principle and methods lean on, relying on basic charged particle optics and acceleration concepts introduced in the previous chapters. It further addresses the following aspects: – fixed closed orbit, – periodic structure, – periodic motion stability, – optical functions, – synchrotron motion, – depolarizing resonances. The simulation of a weak focusing synchrotron lattice only requires two optical elements: DIPOLE or BEND to simulate combined function dipoles, and DRIFT to simulate straight sections. A third element, CAVITE, is required for acceleration. Computation of synchrotron radiation (SR) Poynting and spectral brightness uses . Particle monitoring requires keywords introduced in the previous chapters, including FAISCEAU, FAISTORE, PICKUPS, and some others. Spin motion computation and monitoring resort to SPNTRK, SPNPRT and FAISTORE. Optics matching and optimization use FIT[2]. INCLUDE is used, mostly here in order to shorten the input data files. SYSTEM is used to, mostly, resort to gnuplot so as to end simulations with some specific graphs (orbits, fields, or else) obtained by reading data from output files such as zgoubi.fai (resulting from the use of FAISTORE), zgoubi.plt (resulting from IL $$=$$
=
2), or other zgoubi.*.out files resulting from a PRINT command.
Proapoptotic and antimigration properties of osthole in combination with LY294002 against human glioma cells
Authors: Sumorek-Wiadro Joanna , Kapral-Piotrowska Justyna , Zając Adrian , Maciejczyk Aleksandra , Hułas-Stasiak Monika , Skalicka-Woźniak Krystyna , Rzeski Wojciech , Pawlikowska-Pawlęga Bożena , Jakubowicz-Gil Joanna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme are infiltrating and vascularized gliomas with a high degree of chemoresistance and metastasis. Our previous studies have shown that osthole may be of great importance in the treatment of gliomas. Therefore, in this work, for the first time, coumarin was used in combination with LY294002—an inhibitor of the PI3K-Akt/PKB-mTOR pathway, which is overly active in gliomas. MOGGCCM and T98G cells were incubated with osthole and LY294002, alone and in combination. Staining with specific fluorochromes was used to visualize cell death and the scratch test to assess the migration. The level of proteins was estimated by immunoblotting. Forming protrusions were visualized by SEM, and immunocytochemistry was used to determine the localization of proteins. Additionally, the expression of Bcl-2, beclin 1 and Raf kinase was silenced using specific siRNA. The obtained results showed that osthole in combination with LY294092 effectively inhibited the migration of glioma cells by reducing the level of metaloproteinases and Rho family proteins, as well as decreasing the level of N-cadherin. In addition, the combination of compounds induced apoptosis. New combination of compounds shows a high pro-apoptotic potential and also inhibits the migration of gliomas cells.
Long-term trends in total administered radiation dose from brain [18F]FDG-PET in children with drug-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Gennari Antonio G. , Waelti Stephan , Schwyzer Moritz , Treyer Valerie , Rossi Alexia , Sartoretti Thomas , Maurer Alexander , Ramantani Georgia , Tuura O’Gorman Ruth , Kellenberger Christian J. , Hüllner Martin W. , Messerli Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the trends in administered 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) doses, computed tomography (CT) radiation doses, and image quality over the last 15 years in children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) undergoing hybrid positron emission tomography (PET) brain scans.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from children with DRE who had [18F]FDG-PET/CT or magnetic resonance scans for presurgical evaluation between 2005 and 2021. We evaluated changes in injected [18F]FDG doses, administered activity per body weight, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol), and dose length product (DLP). PET image quality was assessed visually by four trained raters. Conversely, CT image quality was measured using region-of-interest analysis, normalized by signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR).

Results
We included 55 children (30 male, mean age: 9 ± 6 years) who underwent 61 [18F]FDG-PET scans (71% as PET/CT). Annually, the injected [18F]FDG dose decreased by ~ 1% (95% CI: 0.92%-0.98%, p < 0.001), with no significant changes in administered activity per body weight (p = 0.51). CTDIvol and DLP decreased annually by 16% (95% CI: 9%-23%) and 15% (95% CI: 8%-21%, both p < 0.001), respectively. PET image quality improved by 9% year-over-year (95% CI: 6%-13%, p < 0.001), while CT-associated SNR and CNR decreased annually by 7% (95% CI: 3%-11%, p = 0.001) and 6% (95% CI: 2%-10%, p = 0.008), respectively.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate stability in [18F]FDG administered activity per body weight alongside improvements in PET image quality. Conversely, CT-associated radiation doses reduced. These results reaffirm [18F]FDG-PET as an increasingly safer and higher-resolution auxiliary imaging modality for children with DRE. These improvements, driven by technological advancements, may enhance the diagnostic precision and patient outcomes in pediatric epilepsy surgery.
Outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and testicular involvement – real world data
Authors: Mocikova Heidi , Janikova Andrea , Sykorova Alice , Prochazka Vit , Pirnos Jan , Duras Juraj , Kopeckova Katerina , Steinerova Katerina , Pytlik Robert , Blahovcova Petra , Salek David , Kozak Tomas , Bachanova Veronika , Belada David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPatients with testicular lymphoma are at an increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Optimal strategy for CNS relapse prevention is unknown. We analyzed treatment strategies, cumulative incidence of CNS relapse and prognosis in 229 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and testicular involvement: 157 primary testicular lymphomas (PTL) in clinical stages IE/IIE and 72 patients in advanced stages (T-DLBCL) IIIE/IV. Treatments for PTL vs. T-DLBCL included: rituximab-based chemotherapy (80.9% vs. 90.3%), orchiectomy (94.3% vs. 65.3%) and contralateral testicular irradiation (59.8% vs. 44.4%). Majority (84.3%) received CNS prophylaxis with similar rates of prophylactic methotrexate (intravenous 19.1% vs. 16.6%, intrathecal 40.8% vs. 40.4%, or both 24.2% vs. 27.8%) between PTL and T-DLBCL (p = 0.89). Median follow-up was 51.8 months. CNS relapses occurred in 14 (6.1%) of 63 relapsing patients. The 5-year cumulative incidence of CNS relapse in PTL was 4.5% and in T-DLBCL 12.1%. Median time to CNS relapse was 21.9 months. In univariate analyses, orchiectomy was the single significant factor associated with lower risk of CNS relapse in PTL (HR = 0.11 [95% CI, 0-0.124], p = 0.001). Rituximab significantly reduced CNS relapse risk in T-DLBCL (HR = 0.1002, p = 0.0005). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) following CNS relapse was dismal in T-DLBCL compared to PTL (PFS 1.6 vs. 37.8 months, p = 0.04 and OS 2.3 vs. 37.8 months, p = 0.05). This study confirmed a favorable impact of rituximab in prevention of CNS relapse in T-DLBCL. Methotrexate prophylaxis did not alter CNS relapse risk. Prognosis of CNS relapse is particularly poor in T-DLBCL.
Effect of chorioamnionitis on postnatal growth in very preterm infants: a population-based study in Japan
Authors: Ushida Takafumi , Nosaka Rena , Nakatochi Masahiro , Kobayashi Yumiko , Tano Sho , Fuma Kazuya , Matsuo Seiko , Imai Kenji , Sato Yoshiaki , Hayakawa Masahiro , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Kotani Tomomi ,   the Neonatal Research Network of Japan
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
There is growing evidence that preterm infants born to mothers with chorioamnionitis (CAM) have increased risk of various neonatal morbidities and long-term neurological disorders; however, the effect of CAM on postnatal growth remains insufficiently investigated. This study evaluated the effect of histological CAM on postnatal growth trajectories in very preterm infants using a nationwide neonatal database in Japan.

Method
A multicenter retrospective study was conducted using clinical data of 4220 preterm neonates who weighed ≤ 1500 g and were born at < 32 weeks of gestation between 2003–2017 (CAM group: n = 2110; non-CAM group: n = 2110). Z-scores for height and weight were evaluated at birth and 3 years of age. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of histological CAM on ΔZ-scores of height and weight during the first three years with a stratification by infant sex and the stage of histological CAM.

Results
Multivariable analyses showed that histological CAM was associated with accelerated postnatal increase (ΔZ-score) in weight (β coefficient [95% confidence interval]; 0.10 [0.00 to 0.20]), but not in height among females (0.06 [− 0.04 to 0.15]) and not in height and weight among males (0.04 [− 0.04 to 0.12] and 0.02 [− 0.07 to 0.11], respectively). An interaction analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the effect of histological CAM on the ΔZ-scores of height and weight during the first three years between male and female infants (height, p = 0.81; weight p = 0.25).

Conclusions
Intrauterine exposure to maternal CAM contributes to accelerated postnatal weight gain in female preterm infants during the first three years.
Long-term effectiveness of tonsillotomy versus tonsillectomy: A 12-year follow-up study
Authors: Virkkunen Julia , Nokso-Koivisto Johanna , Sakki Anniina J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of tonsillotomy (TT) compared to tonsillectomy (TE) with respect to disease-specific quality of life (QOL), sleep-disordered breathing symptoms, throat infections, and rate of reoperations over a median follow-up period of 12 years.

Methods
All patients < 16 years of age who underwent tonsil surgery between 2010 and 2011 at Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, were included in the study. In 2023, the patients answered a questionnaire concerning tonsil-related issues and a modified Tonsil and Adenoid Health Status Instrument (disease-specific QOL). Information about possible revisits and reoperations was gathered.

Results
The study population consisted of 189 respondents, of which 87 had undergone TT and 102 TE. The median follow-up was 11.8 years in the TT group and 12.4 years in the TE group. The disease-specific QOL was equally good in both groups. Throat infections had not been an issue for the vast majority of patients and occurred to the same extent after TT and TE. The majority of participants (79.0% TT, 86.9% TE) were satisfied with the surgery, with no significant differences between the groups. After TT and TE, there were only a few revisits due to tonsil-related problems, and the reoperation rate was 6.9% and 1.0%, respectively.

Conclusion
Long-term clinical effectiveness of TT seems excellent. Compared to TE, with TT, equal disease-specific QOL can be achieved with a less invasive surgical method. Over a median follow-up period of 12-years, TT was not shown to be associated with an increased risk of tonsil infection problems.
Austrian consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Verheyen Nicolas , Auer Johannes , Bonaros Nikolaos , Buchacher Tamara , Dalos Daniel , Grimm Michael , Mayr Agnes , Rab Anna , Reinstadler Sebastian , Scherr Daniel , Toth Gabor G , Weber Thomas , Zach David K. , Zaruba Marc-Michael , Zimpfer Daniel , Rainer Peter P , Pölzl Gerhard 
Published: October 2024

SummaryHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited heart disease that is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy unexplained by secondary causes. Based on international epidemiological data, around 20,000–40,000 patients are expected to be affected in Austria. Due to the wide variety of clinical and morphological manifestations the diagnosis can be difficult and the disease therefore often goes unrecognized. HCM is associated with a substantial reduction in quality of life and can lead to sudden cardiac death, especially in younger patients. Early and correct diagnosis, including genetic testing, is essential for comprehensive counselling of patients and their families and for effective treatment. The latter is especially true as an effective treatment of outflow tract obstruction has recently become available in the form of a first in class cardiac myosin ATPase inhibitor, as a noninvasive alternative to established septal reduction therapies. The aim of this Austrian consensus statement is to summarize the recommendations of international guidelines with respect to the genetic background, pathophysiology, diagnostics and management in the context of the Austrian healthcare system and resources, and to present them in easy to understand algorithms.
On the Gromov–Hausdorff limits of compact surfaces with boundary
Authors: Dott Tobias 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work we investigate Gromov–Hausdorff limits of compact surfaces carrying length metrics. More precisely, we consider the case where all surfaces have the same Euler characteristic. We give a complete description of the limit spaces and study their topological properties. Our investigation builds on the results of a previous work which treats the case of closed surfaces.
The complexity of verifying popularity and strict popularity in altruistic hedonic games
Authors: Kerkmann Anna Maria , Rothe Jörg 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe consider average- and min-based altruistic hedonic games and study the problem of verifying popular and strictly popular coalition structures. While strict popularity verification has been shown to be coNP-complete in min-based altruistic hedonic games, this problem has been open for equal- and altruistic-treatment average-based altruistic hedonic games. We solve these two open cases of strict popularity verification and then provide the first complexity results for popularity verification in (average- and min-based) altruistic hedonic games, where we cover all three degrees of altruism.
A Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Group Positive Psychotherapy and Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Flourishing, Happiness and Satisfaction with Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Furchtlehner Linda Maria , Fischer Elena , Schuster Raphael , Laireiter Anton-Rupert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present study examines the efficacy of Positive Psychotherapy (PPT) on psychological well-being, happiness, and satisfaction with life. We investigated people suffering from different kinds of depressive disorders, comparing it to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). PPT is an empirically validated intervention targeting positive resources and personal strengths. It aims at amplifying well-being while also ameliorating the impact of symptoms. In a controlled two-center-study, we randomly assigned 92 out-patient participants with a DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder and/or Dysthymia to 14 sessions of manualized PPT or CBT group therapy. We assessed outcomes related to well-being using the Flourishing Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Positive Psychotherapy Inventory (PPTI). The PPTI represents the five components of Seligman’s PERMA-model of flourishing, encompassing positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. We took measurements before and after the intervention, and at a 6-months follow-up. Moreover, we considered a list of moderators that may impact the efficacy of PPT. PPT resulted in significant improvements in all measures, and these improvements remained stable for up to 6 months. Using 2 × 2 mixed-effects models (T1 vs. T2), we found significant interactions for all three main scales and two out of the five PPTI subscales. These interactions depicted significantly better outcomes for PPT at post-treatment. Regarding the follow-up (T1 vs. T3), we did not find significant interactions, and thus, there were no differences between the two therapies. No demographics or characteristics of the treatments were significant moderators. Summarized, these findings provide support for the effectiveness of PPT in increasing happiness, well-being, and quality of life. We can confirm that PPT is an additional tool for the enhancement of positive mental health.
A High-Order Well-Balanced Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Hyperbolic Balance Laws Based on the Gauss-Lobatto Quadrature Rules
Authors: Xu Ziyao , Shu Chi-Wang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a high-order well-balanced discontinuous Galerkin method for hyperbolic balance laws based on the Gauss-Lobatto quadrature rules. Important applications of the method include preserving the non-hydrostatic equilibria of shallow water equations with non-flat bottom topography and Euler equations in gravitational fields. The well-balanced property is achieved through two essential components. First, the source term is reformulated in a flux-gradient form in the local reference equilibrium state to mimic the true flux gradient in the balance laws. Consequently, the source term integral is discretized using the same approach as the flux integral at Gauss-Lobatto quadrature points, ensuring that the source term is exactly balanced by the flux in equilibrium states. Our method differs from existing well-balanced DG methods for shallow water equations with non-hydrostatic equilibria, particularly in the aspect that it does not require the decomposition of the source term integral. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated through ample numerical tests.
Discrete macro - models of nonlinear interlocking mechanisms in the out-of-plane failure of masonry walls
Authors: Pantò B. , Giresini L. , Casapulla C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHistorical unreinforced masonry (URM) constructions are generally vulnerable to out-of-plane (OOP) failures due to the absence of rigid floors and poor connections between orthogonal walls. That leads to the activation of rocking mechanisms of external walls, whose ultimate force and displacement are affected by complex nonlinear interactions with sidewalls. These interactions are often neglected in the engineering practice, potentially leading to significant approximations, as demonstrated by experimental and numerical studies available in the literature. As a novel contribution to the field, this paper presents an upgraded discrete macro-element model (DMEM) to predict the rocking capacity of OOP loaded URM walls interacting with sidewalls. Considering both the onset and the evolution of the rocking mechanism of the front wall, interlocking effects with the sidewalls are first simulated through frictional resistances using the macro-block model (MBM) and the nonlinear kinematic approach of limit analysis. Then, the upgraded DMEM is implemented on the basis of the equivalence between the continuous distribution of these forces, introduced as a further novelty of the paper, and the discrete distribution of lateral elastic-plastic links, accounting for mechanical and geometrical nonlinearities. The results of the two models are discussed in terms of both frictional resistance-displacement and pushover curves, referring to a case study of a front wall belonging to a two-storey URM building. The wall response is also compared with the results derived from the original source of the case study and analysed by changing the number of nonlinear links to define different levels of accuracy.
Parent GAN: image generation model for creating parent’s images using children’s images
Authors: Emara M. Moheeb , Farouk Mohamed , Fakhr M. Waleed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the past decade, several applications have emerged in predicting children’s images using their parents via Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). However, no one has tackled the problem of predicting one of the parents using the other parent and their children or answering the question of the possibility of deducing the parent images from the children and other parent image features. It could be used in parental identification cases. Moreover, it could help children who don’t know one of their parents to have a visual representation of their images. To perform this task, several obstacles were overcome, like the small number of parent pairs in the dataset and stabilizing the GANs to produce good-looking images. The proposed method depends on dual GAN architecture in addition to adaptive instance normalization layers and introducing a triple loss function to stabilize further and improve the resulting images. The results were proven using a kinship verification model, a face verification model, and other well-known evaluation metrics, which showed that the generated parent images are of decent quality compared to real parents’ images with affordable computational hardware. As a result, a novel method is developed that could produce unknown parent images.