bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Capacity for Local Watershed Management: Essential Leadership Skills and Training Approaches
Authors: Wolfson Lois , Lewandowski Ann , Bonnell Joe , Frankenberger Jane , Sleeper Faye , Latimore Jo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractManagement of water resources at a watershed scale often occurs at the local level and relies on the effectiveness of local staff and leaders. Four land‐grant universities in Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio are delivering training programs that build the capacity of local water resource professionals. Based on experience from these programs, a survey on watershed management core competencies, and two surveys of information and training needs for watershed groups, we examined what core proficiencies are needed by watershed group leaders, how existing programs have approached professional training, and effective methods for delivering the training. Results indicated that successful watershed leaders said they must have skills in leadership, communication, collaboration, technology, policy, and planning along with a solid understanding of natural science disciplines. More importantly, they must be able to integrate these skills to solve problems. The mode of delivery (distance or in‐person) depended on the audience and training goals, emphasized networking opportunities with the instructor and other participants, and encouraged participants to apply lessons to their own situations. Features of a successful training program that effectively build watershed leadership capacity are provided.
Growth and Physiological Responses of Quinoa to Drought and Temperature Stress
Authors: Yang A. , Akhtar S. S. , Amjad M. , Iqbal S. , Jacobsen S.‐E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractQuinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), traditionally called the mother of grains, has the potential to grow under high temperatures and drought, tolerating levels regarded as stresses in other crop species. A pot experiment was conducted in a climate chamber to investigate the potential of quinoa tolerance to increasing drought and temperature. Quinoa plants were subjected to three irrigation and two temperature regimes. At low temperature, the day/night climate chamber temperature was maintained at 18/8 °C and 25/20 °C for high temperature throughout the treatment period. The irrigation treatments were full irrigation (FI), deficit irrigation (DI) and alternate root‐zone drying (ARD). FI plants were irrigated daily to the level of the pot's water‐holding capacity. In DI and ARD, 70 % water of FI was applied either to the whole pot or to one side of the pot alternating, respectively. The results indicated that plant height and shoot dry weight significantly decreased by ARD and DI compared to FI treatment both at low and at high temperatures. However, plants in ARD treatment showed significantly higher plant height and shoot dry weight compared to DI especially at higher temperature, which is linked to increased xylem ion content. Higher quinoa plant growth in ARD was associated with increase in water‐use efficiency (WUEi) due to higher abscisic acid concentration and higher nutrient contents compared to DI. From results, it can be concluded that quinoa plant growth is favoured by high temperature (25/20 °C) and ARD is an effective irrigation strategy to increase WUE in drought prone areas.
Risk Factors for Inadequate Defibrillation Safety Margins Vary With the Underlying Cardiac Disease: Implications for Selective Testing Strategies
Authors: BONNES JUDITH L. , WESTRA SJOERD W. , BOUWELS LEON H.R. , DE BOER MENKO JAN , BROUWER MARC A. , SMEETS JOEP L.R.M. 
Published: January 2016

Inadequate Defibrillation Safety MarginsIntroductionIn view of the shift from routine toward no or selective defibrillation testing, optimization of the current risk stratification for inadequate defibrillation safety margins (DSMs) could improve individualized testing decisions. Given the pathophysiological differences in myocardial substrate between ischemic and nonischemic heart disease (IHD/non‐IHD) and the accompanying differences in clinical characteristics, we studied inadequate DSMs and their predictors in relation to the underlying etiology.Methods and ResultsCohort of routine defibrillation tests (n = 785) after first implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)‐implantations at the Radboud UMC (2005–2014). A defibrillation threshold >25 J was regarded as an inadequate DSM. In total, 4.3% of patients had an inadequate DSM; in IHD 2.5% versus 7.3% in non‐IHD (P = 0.002). We identified a group of non‐IHD patients at high risk (13–42% inadequate DSM); the remainder of the cohort (>70%) had a risk of only 2% (C‐statistic entire cohort 0.74; C‐statistic non‐IHD 0.82). This was based upon two identified interaction terms: (1) non‐IHD and age (aOR 0.94 [95% CI 0.91–0.97]); (2) non‐IHD and the indexed left ventricular (LV) internal diastolic diameter (aOR 3.50 [95% CI 2.10–5.82]).ConclusionThe present study on risk stratification for an inadequate DSM not only confirms the importance of making a distinction between IHD and non‐IHD, but also shows that risk factors in an entire cohort (LV dilatation, age) may only apply to a subgroup (non‐IHD). Appreciation of this concept could favorably affect current risk stratification. If confirmed, our approach may be used to optimize individualized testing decisions in an upcoming era of non‐routine testing.
Changes of volatile sulphur compounds during therapy of a case series of patients with chronic periodontitis and halitosis
Authors: Iatropoulos Avraam , Panis Vasileios , Mela Eirini , Stefaniotis Theodoros , Madianos Phoebus N. , Papaioannou William 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of different stages of intervention on volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) of periodontitis patients with halitosis, before and after non‐surgical periodontal therapy.Material & MethodsThis clinical trial included 18 adults with chronic periodontitis and halitosis. After initial examination, patients received oral hygiene (OH) instructions and tongue cleaner. One week later, non‐surgical periodontal therapy was completed within 48 h. Measurements were at baseline, 1 week after OH, 1 and 6 weeks post therapy. These included simplified plaque index (sPlI), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP), Winkel Tongue Coating Index (WTCI), organoleptic scores (OLSs) of nose and mouth air and VSCs.ResultssPlI, BoP, WTCI, OLS of the mouth air and VSCs showed significant differences (p < 0.05), even after 1 week of OH. A further significant decrease was determined 1 week after non‐surgical therapy for WTCI, OLS (nose and mouth air) and methyl mercaptan concentration. A significant decrease, 6 weeks post therapy, was observed for sPlI, BoP, WTCI, PPD, OLS of the nose and mouth air and VSCs (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOral hygiene and tongue cleaning improve the OLSs of the mouth air and reduce VSCs. Periodontal therapy further improves the OLSs and reduces the concentration of VSCs.
Muscarinic receptor subtypes differentially control synaptic input and excitability of cerebellum‐projecting medial vestibular nucleus neurons
Authors: Zhu Yun , Chen Shao‐Rui , Pan Hui‐Lin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNeurons in the vestibular nuclei have a vital function in balance maintenance, gaze stabilization, and posture. Although muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are expressed and involved in regulating vestibular function, it remains unclear how individual mAChR subtypes regulate vestibular neuronal activity. In this study, we determined which specific subtypes of mAChRs control synaptic input and excitability of medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) neurons that project to the cerebellum. Cerebellum‐projecting MVN neurons were labeled by a fluorescent retrograde tracer and then identified in rat brainstem slices. Quantitative PCR analysis suggested that M2 and M3 were the possible major mAChR subtypes expressed in the MVN. The mAChR agonist oxotremorine‐M significantly reduced the amplitude of glutamatergic excitatory post‐synaptic currents evoked by stimulation of vestibular primary afferents, and this effect was abolished by the M2‐preferring antagonist AF‐DX 116. However, oxotremorine‐M had no effect on GABA‐mediated spontaneous inhibitory post‐synaptic currents of labeled MVN neurons. Furthermore, oxotremorine‐M significantly increased the firing activity of labeled MVN neurons, and this effect was blocked by the M3‐preferring antagonist J104129 in most neurons tested. In addition, AF‐DX 116 reduced the onset latency and prolonged the excitatory effect of oxotremorine‐M on the firing activity of labeled MVN neurons. Our findings suggest that M3 is the predominant post‐synaptic mAChR involved in muscarinic excitation of cerebellum‐projecting MVN neurons. Pre‐synaptic M2 mAChR regulates excitatory glutamatergic input from vestibular primary afferents, which in turn influences the excitability of cerebellum‐projecting MVN neurons. This new information has important therapeutic implications for treating vestibular disorders with mAChR subtype‐selective agents.
image
Medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) neurons projecting to the cerebellum are involved in balance control. We found that activation of pre‐synaptic M2 muscarinic receptors inhibit glutamatergic input from vestibular primary afferents, whereas stimulation of post‐synaptic M3 muscarinic receptors increases the firing activity of cerebellum‐projecting MVN neurons. This new information advances our understanding of the cholinergic mechanism regulating the vestibular system.
Novel Method for Real Time Co‐Registration of IVUS and Coronary Angiography
Authors: Frimerman Aharon , Abergel Eitan , Blondheim David S. , Shotan Avraham , Meisel Simcha , Shochat Michael , Punjabi Pritesh , Roguin Ariel 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesWe present our experience with a novel method for real time co‐registration of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and coronary angiography.BackgroundA major limitation of the current practice of concomitant use of coronary angiography and IVUS is that the locations of the acquired IVUS images are not correlated with their exact locations on the vessel roadmap obtained by coronary angiography.MethodsPhantoms simulating the coronary tree were used to test the accuracy and potential of co‐registration. Subsequently we examined patients who underwent IVUS during cardiac catheterization. Analysis and feasibility were performed in 42 arteries of 36 patients.ResultsThe statistical validation in phantoms resulted in a co‐registration accuracy of 1.12 mm. The length measurement on an angiogram resulted in an accuracy of 0.38 mm. Co‐registration in patients was successful in all cases and four categories were assisted by 1(bad) to 5 (good) grading. Accuracy (the co‐registration precision in pointing at the exact corresponding location): 4.8±0.41; Ease of use and workflow: 4.74±0.44; Stent landing zone detection and evaluation: 4.58±0.5; Stent landing zone length and diameter measurement: 4.94±0.23. The co‐registration error was estimated as no more than 1 mm.ConclusionIn this pilot study, we found that the novel IVUS and coronary angiography co‐registration method is accurate, easy to use, fast and user‐friendly. This method precludes the need to use motorized automated pull back device. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:225–231)
Mechanism of Residual Lumen Stenosis at the Side Branch Ostium After Final Kissing Balloon Inflation: A Volumetric Intracoronary Ultrasound Study of Coronary Bifurcation Lesions
Authors: Yamawaki Masahiro , Murasato Yoshinobu , Kinoshita Yoshihisa , Fujii Kenichi , Fujino Yoshihisa , Shinke Toshiro , Takeda Yoshihiro , Yamada Shinichiro , Shimada Yoshihisa , Tsukahara Reiko , Muramatsu Toshiya , Suzuki Takahiko ,   On behalf of the J‐REVERSE investigators
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the mechanisms of residual stenosis (RS) at side branch ostium (SBO) after final kissing balloon inflation (FKI) and clarify the impact of carina‐ and plaque‐shifts on RS.BackgroundCarina‐ and plaque‐shift induce SBO compromise. FKI is an effective technique to treat this complication; however, RS often persist, and are associated with restenosis at SBO.MethodsWe performed serial volumetric analysis of 91 bifurcations in which crossover‐stenting with FKI and pre‐/post‐intravascular ultrasounds (IVUS) were completed in both branches. The plaque‐ and carina‐shifts were defined as an increase in the plaque‐volume and a decrease in the vessel‐volume at the SBO, respectively. RS at the SBO, defined as area stenosis >50% on IVUS, was identified in 19 lesions.ResultsAfter FKI, the plaque volume‐ significantly increased at the SBO, with its reduction in the proximal main vessel (MV). However, at the SBO, the volumetric lumen change correlated with vessel change (ρ = 0.690, P < 0.001), but not plaque change (P = 0.390), suggesting that RS at SBO was more likely associated with inadequate vessel stretch, not plaque increase after FKI. Carina‐shift was more frequently found in cases with RS, compared to those without RS (37% vs. 11%, P = 0.013). Pre‐procedure IVUS findings to predict RS at SBO after FKI were negative‐remodeling at distal MV, plaque ‐burden at distal MV, and plaque‐burden at the SBO.ConclusionsCarina‐shift has a greater contribution to the formation of RS at SBO after FKI. The pre‐procedure IVUS provides helpful information for predicting the RS after FKI. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:188–196)
Sofosbuvir‐based treatment is safe and effective in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and end stage renal disease: a case series
Authors: Singh Tavankit , Guirguis John , Anthony Sumi , Rivas John , Hanouneh Ibrahim A. , Alkhouri Naim 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsInterferon and ribavirin‐free regimens to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with end stage renal disease are not approved and represent an area of unmet clinical need. We report our experience on the safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir/simeprevir and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir therapy in patients on haemodialysis.MethodsPatients with chronic HCV infection on haemodialysis were included in this study. Patients were started on either sofosbuvir/simeprevir or sofosbuvir/ledipasvir. Routine clinical and laboratory data were collected at baseline and during treatment. The primary outcome was sustained virological response at week 12 (SVR12).ResultsEight patients with mean age 56.8 ± 20 years were included in this study. Seven were treatment naïve and one was a priori null responder to interferon‐based therapy. Four patients were started on sofosbuvir/simeprevir and four on sofosbuvir/ledipasvir for 12 weeks. Therapy was well tolerated overall with nausea/vomiting, pruritus, headache and a 2 g/dl drop in haemoglobin developing in one patient each. No patient discontinued therapy because of side effects. Comparison of labs at baseline and nadir levels during treatment revealed no significant change in haemoglobin (10.8 ± 2.4 g/dl vs 10.3 ± 1.6 g/dl), platelet count (198 ± 164 k/μl vs 184.5 ± 162/μl) and bilirubin (0.3 ± 0.4 mg/dl vs 0.25 ± 0.15 mg/dl). Eight of eight patients had undetectable HCV RNA at the end of treatment. One patient was lost to follow up and the remaining seven achieved SVR12.ConclusionFull dose sofosbuvir/simeprevir or sofosbuvir/ledipasvir therapy for HCV‐infected patients with end stage renal disease was well tolerated with no discontinuation owing to side effects and no significant adverse events.
The signal peptide peptidase SppA is involved in sterol regulatory element‐binding protein cleavage and hypoxia adaptation in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Bat‐Ochir Chinbayar , Kwak Jun‐Yong , Koh Sun‐Ki , Jeon Mee‐Hyang , Chung Dawoon , Lee Yin‐Won , Chae Suhn‐Kee 
Published: January 2016

SummaryUsing forward genetics, we revealed that the signal peptide peptidase (SPP) SppA, an aspartyl protease involved in regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), is essential for hypoxia adaptation in Aspergillus nidulans, as well as hypoxia‐sensitive mutant alleles of a sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP) srbA and the Dsc ubiquitin E3 ligase complex dscA‐E. Both null and dead activity [D337A] mutants of sppA failed to grow in hypoxia, and the growth defect of ΔsppA was complemented by nuclear SrbA‐N381 expression. Additionally, SppA interacted with SrbA in the endoplasmic reticulum, where SppA localized in normoxia and hypoxia. Expression of the truncated SrbA‐N414 covering the SrbA sequence prior to the second transmembrane region rescued the growth of ΔdscA but not of ΔsppA in hypoxia. Unlike ΔdscA and ΔdscA;ΔsppA double mutants, in which SrbA cleavage was blocked, the molecular weight of cleaved SrbA increased in ΔsppA compared to the control strain in immunoblot analyses. Overall, our data demonstrate the sequential cleavage of SrbA by Dsc‐linked proteolysis followed by SppA, proposing a new model of RIP for SREBP cleavage in fungal hypoxia adaptation. Furthermore, the function of SppA in hypoxia adaptation was consistent in Aspergillus fumigatus, suggesting the potential roles of SppA in fungal pathogenesis.
Reversal of sensory deficit through sacral neuromodulation in an animal model of fecal incontinence
Authors: Evers J. , Devane L. , Carrington E. V. , Scott S. M. , Knowles C. H. , O'Connell P. R. , Jones J. F. X. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundSacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a treatment option for intractable fecal incontinence. The mechanism of action is unclear, however, increasing evidence for afferent somatosensory effects exists. This study's aim was to elucidate effects of acute SNM on the cerebral cortex in a rodent model of pudendal nerve injury.MethodsThe effects of 14 Hz and 2 Hz SNM on sensory cortical activation were studied. In 32 anesthetized rats, anal canal evoked potentials (EPs) were recorded over the primary somatosensory cortex. Pudendal nerve injury was produced by 1‐hour inflation of two intra‐pelvic balloons. Four groups were studied: balloon injury, balloon injury plus either 14 Hz or 2 Hz SNM, sham operation. Immunohistochemistry for the neural plasticity marker polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA‐NCAM) positive cells (numerical density and location) in the somatosensory cortex was performed.Key ResultsAnal EP amplitudes diminished during balloon inflation; 14 Hz SNM restored diminished anal EPs to initial levels and 2 Hz SNM to above initial levels. Evoked potential latencies were prolonged during balloon inflation. The numerical density of PSA‐NCAM positive cells increased in the SNM groups, but not in sham or balloon injury without SNM. Stimulated cortices showed clusters of PSA‐NCAM positive cells in layers II, IV, and V. Post SNM changes were similar in both SNM groups.Conclusions & InferencesSacral neuromodulation augments anal representation in the sensory cortex and restores afferent pathways following injury. PSA‐NCAM positive cell density is increased in stimulated cortices and positive cells are clustered in layers II, IV, and V.
Bacterial composition in whole saliva from patients with severe hyposalivation – a case–control study
Authors: Belstrøm D , Holmstrup P , Fiehn N‐E , Rosing K , Bardow A , Paster BJ , Lynge Pedersen AM 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the microbiota of stimulated whole saliva samples from patients with severe hyposalivation to samples from individuals with normal whole saliva flow rates. It was hypothesized that the two groups differ with regard to salivary bacterial profiles.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 36 participants (24 females and 12 males, mean age 58.5 years) with severe hyposalivation and 36 gender‐, age‐, and geographically matched participants with normal salivary secretion from the Danish Health Examination Survey (DANHES). The microbiota of stimulated whole saliva samples was characterized by HOMINGS.ResultsThe two groups had comparable caries experience measured by decayed, missed, filled surfaces/teeth and decayed, missed, filled root surfaces as well as active caries lesions. In addition, no single probe target was present with a significant difference in frequency or proportional presence between groups. Furthermore, data reduction by principal component analysis and correspondence analysis showed comparable bacterial community profiles between groups.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the salivary bacterial profiles of patients with severe hyposalivation do not differ from those of individuals with normal salivary secretion, when there are virtually no untreated active caries lesions present in the oral cavity.
Carbon isotopic composition of forest soil respiration in the decade following bark beetle and stem girdling disturbances in the Rocky Mountains
Authors: Maurer Gregory E. , Chan Allison M. , Trahan Nicole A. , Moore David J. P. , Bowling David R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBark beetle outbreaks are widespread in western North American forests, reducing primary productivity and transpiration, leading to forest mortality across large areas and altering ecosystem carbon cycling. Here the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of soil respiration (δJ) was monitored in the decade after disturbance for forests affected naturally by mountain pine beetle infestation and artificially by stem girdling. The seasonal mean δJ changed along both chronosequences. We found (a) enrichment of δJ relative to controls (<1 ‰) in near‐surface soils in the first 2 years after disturbance; (b) depletion (1‰ or no change) during years 3–7; and (c) a second period of enrichment (1–2‰) in years 8–10. Results were consistent with isotopic patterns associated with the gradual death and decomposition of rhizosphere organisms, fine roots, conifer needles and woody roots and debris over the course of a decade after mortality. Finally, δJ was progressively more 13C‐depleted deeper in the soil than near the surface, while the bulk soil followed the well‐established pattern of 13C‐enrichment at depth. Overall, differences in δJ between mortality classes (<1‰) and soil depths (<3‰) were smaller than variability within a class or depth over a season (up to 6‰).
Facial Skin Lesions in Children Caused by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Lindeboom Jerome A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundNontuberculous mycobacteria rarely cause facial skin lesions in immunocompetent children.AimI describe the clinical features and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria facial lesions.Materials and MethodsThe diagnosis of a facial nontuberculous mycobacteria infection was established using polymerase chain reaction.ResultsOf 286 children with confirmed nontuberculous mycobacteria infection, 14 (4.9%; median age 50 mos, range 9–156 mos; 5 [36%] male, 9 [64%] female) had nontuberculous mycobacteria facial skin lesions. Six (43%) had lesions on the cheek and five (36%) in the medial eye corner. Polymerase chain reaction results confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium haemophilum in eight patients (57%) and Mycobacterium avium in six patients (43%). The facial lesions were treated using a combination of clarithromycin and rifabutin for 12 weeks, with a median healing time of 4 months.ConclusionNontuberculous mycobacteria facial lesions are rare in immunocompetent children. The diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. Nonsurgical treatment is preferable, because surgical excision of the cutaneous lesions might lead to undesirable visible facial scars.