bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new electroretinogram function that can move the centre of the multifocal hexagonal stimulus array
Authors: Suzuki N. , Yamane K. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeWe can examine declines in visual sensitivity at arbitrary points on the retina using a precise perimetry device with a fundus camera function. However, the retinal layer causing the decline in visual sensitivity can not be identified. To investigate cryptogenic diseases, such as macular dystrophy, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy and multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, we studied a new electroretinogram function that can move the centre of the multifocal hexagonal stimulus array.MethodsAn electroretinographic optical system, specifically perimetric optical system, was added to an experimental device with the same optical system as a fundus camera. We also added an Edmund infrared camera EO‐0413, a lens with a focal length of 25 mm, a 45‐degree cold mirror, a halogen lamp and an 8‐inch monitor. Software was generated to show the multifocal hexagonal stimulus array on the monitor using C++Builder XE8 and to move the centre of the array up and down as well as back and forth. We used National Instruments’ USB‐6008 and their system design platform LabVIEW 2015 for data retrieval. The Nihon Kohden plate electrode NE‐113As were used to measure electrodermal activities around the eyes. Some contact lens electrodes were used to measure electrical potentials of retina.ResultsWe used a multifocal hexagonal stimulus array with 37 elements in the software. The centre of the multifocal hexagonal stimulus array could be adjusted to the same position as the examination target of the precise perimetry.ConclusionsWe successfully added this new electroretinogram function to the experimental ophthalmologic device.
Unilateral carcinoma‐associated retinopathy: diagnosis, serology and treatment
Authors: Roels D. , Ueno S. , Kondo M. , Leroy B.P. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo report a case of unilateral CAR with clinical and ERG normalization after radical hysterectomy combined with steroids and Rituximab.MethodsWork‐up included extensive clinical and electrophysiological testing. Also, serological work‐up for antiretinal antibodies and oncological screening was organized.ResultsA 45‐year‐old female presented with progressive unilateral photopsias, photophobia and relative central scotoma in the RE since 6 weeks prior. BCVA was 1.0 in BE. Biomicroscopy, IOP and fundus exam were unremarkable. Also, colour vision, AFI, OCT and EOG were normal. VFs showed decreased central sensitivity in the RE. ERG showed an electronegative combined and ON‐bipolar response. A diagnosis of CAR was suspected. Radical hysterectomy was performed after a diagnosis of an undifferentiated cystic adenocarcinoma of the right ovary, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. A whole body PET scan revealed no metastasis. Treatment with rituximab monoclonal antibodies in combination with corticosteroids was initiated. The patient tested positive for serum auto‐antibodies against TRPM1, a transient receptor potential cation channel expressed in ON‐bipolar cells. After treatment there was progressive improvement in symptoms and the ERG normalised. Serology confirmed complete clearance of auto‐antibodies.ConclusionsAlthough extremely rare, unilateral CAR does occur and in cases with high clinical suspicion an oncological work‐up is mandatory. Aggressive treatment combining surgery, steroids and Rituximab can lead to clinical and ERG normalization with clearing of antiretinal antibodies.
Changes of central macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes with Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease: a 2‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Shin K.S. , Han Y.S. , Kim M.S. , Kim J.Y. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo prospectively investigate the change in central macular thickness (CMT) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in eyes with Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada (VKH) disease in through 24 months follow‐up.MethodsTwelve eyes of 6 treatment‐naïve patients with acute VKH disease associated with optic disc swelling and serous retinal detachment and 30 eyes of 15 normal individuals were enrolled to investigate the changes of CMT and average RNFL thickness. Retinal thickness were measured at first visit and months 6, 12 and 24 via spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT).ResultsCMT was significantly lower in the eyes of VKH group at 12 (246.58 ± 21.80 μm vs. 258.60 μm ± 15.61, p < 0.05) and 24 months visit (226.67 ± 14.21 μm vs. 253.15 ± 15.84 μm, p < 0.05). RNFL thickness was significantly higher in the eyes of VKH group at initial visit, 6 and 12 months follow‐up visit, but no significant difference between VKH group and control group at 24 months follow‐up visit (95.83 ± 14.85 μm vs. 97.14 ± 12.97 μm, p > 0.05).ConclusionsThere were significant changes of CMT and RNFL thickness in the eyes with VKH disease during 24 months follow‐up period. Detecting or monitoring diseases including glaucoma and neuro‐ophthalmic diseases, which affect the retinal thickness in VKH patients, we recommend to consider the longitudinal change of the retinal thickness.
The predictive value of retinal fixation for the visual outcome after anti‐VEGF treatment of diabetic macular oedema with center involvement
Authors: Stæhr Jakobsen N. , Ancher Larsen D. , Bek T. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeDiabetic macular oedema involving the foveal center can be treated with intra‐vitreal anti‐VEGF injections. However, the beneficial effect of this treatment is not unequivocal and presently no known parameter can differentiate patients who benefit by an improved visual acuity after the treatment from the patients who do not. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relation between visual acuity and retinal fixation area as a putative predictive parameter for the visual acuity after anti‐VEGF treatment in a planned prospective study.Methods60 eyes from 30 diabetic patients (mean age 61 years) with clinically significant macular oedema were subjected to examination of fixational eye movements before each of three monthly anti‐VEGF injections and at 1‐ and 4‐month follow‐up. Fixational eye movements were recorded for both eyes during binocular and monocular vision using a video based eye‐tracking system. The fixational saccades and the bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) were analyzed using standardized algorithms.ResultsThe data from the baseline examination shows a linear correlation between best‐corrected visual acuity and the retinal fixation area estimated by the monocular bivariate contour ellipse area in the studied eyes (r2 = 0.21, p < 0.01).ConclusionsReduced visual acuity is followed by an increased fixation area in patients with diabetic macular oedema with center involvement. Prospective data will show whether the retinal fixation area can be used as a predictive parameter for the visual prognosis after anti‐VEGF treatment of diabetic macular oedema.
High resolution adaptive optics retinal image analysis in early‐stage central areolar choroidal dystrophy with a PRPH2 mutation
Authors: Gocho K. , Itoh N. , Akeo K. , Kameya S. , Hayashi T. , Takahashi H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo report clinical features in Japanese patients with early stage (stage 1 and 2) central areolar choroidal dystrophy (CACD).MethodsFive family members participated in this study. We performed comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including adaptive optics (AO) retinal imaging. Mutation analysis of the PRPH2 gene was performed by Sanger sequencing. The protocol of this study conformed to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of The Jikei University School of Medicine.ResultsFour family members possessed a heterozygous PRPH2 mutation (p.R172Q), however, a member with a mutation did not show any ophthalmological abnormality. Two patients showed mild parafoveal retinal dystrophy and reduction of cone density revealed by AO analysis.ConclusionsWe described a CACD family with marked intrafamilial phenotypic variations. Our results indicate that parafoveal cone photoreceptors are affected primarily at the early‐stage CACD.
Terrien marginal degeneration presenting with corneal perforation
Authors: Perez Navarro I. , Ascaso F. , Sánchez Marín J.I. , Almenara Michelena C. , Estebán Floría O. , Martínez Vélez M. , Idoate A. , Berniolles J. , Del Buey Sayas M.Á. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTerrien marginal degeneration is a slow‐progressing, bilateral but asymmetric degeneration of the peripheral cornea. The spontaneous corneal perforation is rare. To report a imminent corneal perforation as a presenting sign Terrien marginal degeneration, treated with amniotic membrane implant.MethodsA 70‐year‐old man presented with complaints of pain, redness,and decreased visión in the left eye (LE). Examination revealed peripheral corneal thinning 360º with superficial vascularization and secondary lipid keratopathy. There was an area of more thinning at the 5 o′clok position. His best‐corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) were 90°−4 + 4: 0.8 on the RE and 80°−3.75 + 4: 0.6 on the LE. Corneal topography with Orbscan of the LE revealed high oblique astigmatism with Sim K values of 48.75D at 140° and 43.25D at 50°. AS‐OCT showed corneal thinning and cavity formation with intact epithelial layer and affected endothelium in the thinned área.ResultsDue to the imminet corneal perforation was selected to make an amniotic membrane implant. Several circular layers of amniotic membrane rolled up on themselves and placed in the thinned área, fixing them with nylon 10‐0 suturing it to perilesional healthy cornea. The post‐operative AS‐ OCT reveals good adhesion of the amniotic membrane and corneal thickness recovery.ConclusionsTerrien marginal degeneration is an unusual cause for a spontaneous corneal perforation. Patients with this disorder should be warned about this possibility. Surgery (lamellar graft, amniotic membrabe implant) can preserve corneal integrity and is indicated when conventional options fail to maintain vision or if perforation is imminent.
Resvega induces autophagy and prevents ARPE‐19 cell damage during proteasome inhibition
Authors: Koskela A. , Reinisalo M. , Olmiere C. , Petrovski G. , Sinha D. , Karjalainen R. , Kaarniranta K. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeImpaired autophagic and proteasomal cleansing has been documented in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) pathology. Omega fatty acids and resveratrol has been shown to be cytoprotective in RPE cells. We examined effects of commercial Resvega on the regulation of autophagy and cytoprotection in ARPE‐19 cells under proteasome inhibition.MethodsProtein aggregation was induced with 1 mM MG‐132 and autophagy was inhibited with bafilomycin A1. Resvega that includes vitamin C 240 mg, E 30 mg, zinc 12.5 mg, copper 1 mg, omega‐3 665 mg, lutein 10 mg, zeaxanthin 2 mg and resveratrol 30 mg was used solely and together with proteasome inhibition up to 48 h. p62 (SQSTM1), LC3 (microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3) and Hsp70 (Heat shock protein 70) were analyzed by Western blotting (WB). Tandem fluorescently tagged LC3 (GFP‐mCherry‐LC3) transfection was used to study autophagy flux in fluorescence microscopy.ResultsInhibition of proteasomes with MG‐132 upregulated Hsp70, autophagy markers p62 and LC3 detected in WB. Simultaneous treatment with MG‐132 and Resvega corresponding 25 μM resveratrol concentration highly increased amount of LC3‐II, but decreased p62 and Hsp70. Moreover, Resvega provided a clear cytoprotection under proteasome inhibition. Fluorescence microscopy showed increased autophagy flux with GFP‐mCherry‐LC3 Resvega treatment and autophagy inhibition resulted accumulation of p62 and LC3‐II.ConclusionsThis data showed how Resvega was able to induce autophagy and clear protein waste caused by proteasome inhibition in ARPE‐19 cell line. Resvega has a potential in the prevention and treatment of RPE damage and AMD.
Correlating myopia severity with visual performance in a young Asian male population
Authors: Ang B.C.H. , Tan M.M.H. , Cheong K.X. , Lim E.W.L. , Yang A.H. , Tey F.L.K. , Tan C.S.H. , Tan M.C.L. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo examine the visual performance in a young Asian male population with severe myopia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of right eyes of 564 severe myopes [Spherical Equivalent (SE) ≤−6.00 D] and 148 emmetropes (SE −0.50 to +1.00 D). The severe myopes were categorised into three groups (Group 1: SE −6.00 to >−8.00D; Group 2: SE −8.00 to >−10.00D; and Group 3: SE ≤−10.00D). Multivariate regression analyses adjusting for age and ethnicity were performed to examine the relationship between Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (CDVA) [photopic, mesopic and Night Vision Goggles (NVG)] and Contrast Sensitivity (CS) (mesopic and NVG) with SE and Axial Length (AL).ResultsThe mean age of subjects was 21.07 ± 1.17 years and majority were Chinese (91.9%). The mean SE was 0.10 ± 0.23D for emmetropes and −8.76 ± 2.04D for severe myopes (p < 0.001). Higher degrees of myopia were associated with reduced CDVA and CS and increased AL (all p < 0.001 among groups). Among the severe myopes, Group 1 had the highest proportion of subjects with good CDVA (photopic ≥6/6, mesopic ≥6/6, and NVG ≥6/7.5 LogMAR) and CS (mesopic ≥0.75 and NVG ≥0.35 LogCS) compared to Groups 2 and 3 (all p < 0.001). Among severe myopes with good VA (photopic ≥6/6, mesopic ≥6/6, or NVG ≥ 6/7.5 LogMAR), Group 1 also had the highest proportion of subjects who achieved mesopic CS of ≥0.75 and NVG CS ≥0.35 LogCS (both p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses also demonstrated that reduced VA and CS were significantly associated with decreased SE and increased AL (all p < 0.001).ConclusionsHigher degrees of myopia are associated with reduced VA and reduced CS.
Ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer thickness and visual improvement after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Lee J.Y. , Kim D.Y. , Kim J.Y. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the association of postoperative macular ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness with postoperative visual outcomes in patients undergoing vitrectomy for macular–off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.MethodsData from 22 eyes with macular‐off RRD who were followed for more 6 months after successful pars plana vitrectomy were analyzed. Macular GCIPL thickness in eyes with RRD was compared with that of the normal contralateral eyes 6 months after surgery. The correlation between the interocular difference in GCIPL thickness and postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated.ResultsPreoperative and postoperative central macular thickness were 538.09 ± 318.42 μm, 230.77 ± 34.69 μm. Mean GCIPL thickness was significantly decreased with time after surgery (3 vs. 6 months, p < 0.01). Mean GCIPL thickness in eyes with RRD 6 months after surgery were 61.04 ± 12.04 μm and in the unaffected contralateral eyes were 73.67 ± 6.73 μm. The interocular difference in macular GCIP thickness was significantly correlated with postoperative BCVA. Among patients with intact photoreceptor layers, a greater decrease in GCIPL thickness was correlated with a worse postoperative BCVA (r = 0.629; p = 0.02). No significant correlation were identified between interocular macular GCIPL thickness difference and age (r = 0.629; p = 0.85), axial length (r = 0.874; p = 0.43).ConclusionsMacular GCIPL thickness decreased after vitrectomy to repair for RRD. The decrease in GCIPL thickness was significantly correlated with postoperative visual outcomes.
Ultrasound treatment in patients with Primary Open‐Angle Glaucoma with a second generation probe: Results of a Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Aptel F. , Rouland J.F. , Stalmans I. , Denis P. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Ultrasound Ciliary Plasty (UCP) procedure with a second generation probe.MethodsFifty‐two eyes of 52 patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma were treated between April 2015 and August 2015 in 4 University Hospitals with a second generation therapy probe comprising 6 piezoelectric transducers with increased lesion volume. All patients were treated with a 8 sec exposure time. Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed before the procedure, and at 1 day, 1 week, 3 and 6 months after. Primary outcomes were surgical success (defined as IOP reduction from baseline ≥20% and IOP > 5 mmHg) at the last follow‐up visit, and vision‐threatening complications. Secondary outcomes were mean IOP at each follow‐up visits compared to baseline, medication use, complications, and re‐interventions.ResultsIOP was significantly reduced (p < 0.02), from a mean preoperative value of 24.3 ± 7.0 mmHg to a mean value of 16.8 ± 7.6 mmHg at last follow‐up. Success (IOP reduction >20%) was achieved in 67% of eyes at last follow‐up. Four patients were ret‐treated. No major intra‐ operative complications occurred. Transitory hypotony (IOP < 5 mmHg) occurred in 3 patients, choroidal detachment in 1 patient and macular edema in 1 patient during the follow‐up.ConclusionsUltrasonic Circular Cyclo Coagulation seems to be an effective method to reduce intraocular pressure in patients with OAG. Increasing the lesion volume seems to increase the efficacy and rate of responders.
Neuroprotective effects of EPA and DHA fatty acids in the DBA/2J hereditary glaucoma mouse model
Authors: Kalogerou M. , Prokopiou K. , Kolovos P. , Malas S. , Papagregoriou G. , Deltas C. , Georgiou T. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo determine whether omega‐3 (ω‐3) supplementation used alone or in combination with timolol, protect against inflammation and RGC loss in DBA/2J mouse modelMethodsDBA/2J mice were assigned to the following treatment groups (n = 20/group) with balanced sex:ω‐3 plus timolol, ω‐3,timolol and untreated. All treatments were started at the age of 8.5 months and continued until sacrifice at 11.5 months of age. Mice received daily gavage administration of fish oil (EPA/DHA = 2:1) and/or topical instillation of timolol (0.5%) once a day. The dosage of EPA/DHA was adjusted so that the AA/EPA blood ratio was within therapeutic range of 1–1.5 using Gas chromatography. RGC densities were counted using Brn3a antibody. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the gene expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐18 inflammatory molecules in the retinas. Western blot analysis was used to test the protein expression of IL‐18 in the retinas.ResultsRGC densities were found significantly higher in the groups of ω‐3 plus timolol (p = 0.0041),ω‐3 (p = 0.0097) and timolol (p = 0.0011) compared to that of untreated group. No significant differences were seen in the gene expression levels of TNF‐α (p = 0.0790, p = 0.0742, p = 0.1006),IL‐1β (p = 0.1242, p = 0.4865, p = 0.5280) and IL‐18 (p = 0.6320, p = 0.3351, p = 0.3663) in the retinas between the groups of ω‐3 plus timolol, ω‐3 or timolol and the untreated group. Protein expression of IL‐18 was significantly reduced in the retinas of ω‐3 treatment group compared to that of untreated (p = 0.0367)ConclusionsOur findings suggest not only that ω‐3 supplementation (AA/EPA ratio <1.5) has a neuro‐protective effect in the DBA/2J, as demonstrated by the RGC density analysis, but also provide insight into the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and indicate that ω‐3 administration could be beneficial in controlling inflammation in the retina.
Early changes in mild Alzheimer's disease in the neuroretinal rim segmentation
Authors: Salobrar‐Garcia E. , Leal M. , Hoyas I. , Salazar J.J. , Ramirez A.I. , de Hoz R. , Rojas B. , Gil P. , Yubero R. , Triviño A. , Ramirez J.J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of the present study was to analyze in detail the peripapillary area divided into 12 sectors in order to identify the first sector that thins in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared with controls.MethodsA total of 23 mild AD patients and 28 controls were examined. Patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic exam. The peripapillary RNFL thickness parameters evaluated were thickness for each 12‐o'clock hour position with the 3‐o'clock position as nasal, 6‐o'clock position as inferior, 9‐o'clock position as temporal, and 12‐o'clock position as superior. Patients were required to have a visual acuity better than 0.6 and no retinal pathology.ResultsCompared to controls, the eyes of patients with mild‐AD patients showed no statistical difference in peripapillary RNFL thickness (p > 0.05); however, sectors 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, and 11 of the papilla showed thinning, but thickening in sectors 1, 5, 6, 7, and 10.ConclusionsDespite the fact that peripapillary RNFL thickness did not statistically differ in comparison to control eyes, the increase in peripapillary thickness in our mild‐AD patients could correspond to an early neurodegeneration stage and may entail the existence of an inflammatory process that could lead to progressive peripapillary fiber damage.
Short‐term efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept depending on subtypes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: polypoidal choroidal neovascularization or idiopathic choroidal vasculopathy
Authors: Sagong M. , Jeong S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo compare the short‐term efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept treatment for polypoidal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).MethodsTwenty‐nine patients (29 eyes) with treatment‐naïve subfoveal PCV were consecutively enrolled in this institutional study. The subjects were classified into two subtypes (type 1, polypoidal CNV, 16 eyes; and type 2, idiopathic PCV, 13 eyes) based on the presence or absence of both feeder and draining vessels on indocyanine green angiograph. Intravitreal aflibercept was administered at baseline and at 1, 2, and 4 months. The primary outcome was the polyp regression percentage after 3 monthly injections. Changes in the best‐corrected visual acuity and subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) were evaluated at 3 and 6 monthsResultsThe complete polyp regression percentage was higher in type 1 than type 2 patients after 3 monthly injections (81 vs. 30%, respectively; p = 0.008). Type 1 patients showed better visual improvement at 3 months than type 2 patients (−0.34 vs. −0.08 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR], respectively; p = 0.050). Although subfoveal CT was significantly decreased after injections in both groups, type 2 patients with a thicker choroid at baseline showed a greater decrease than type 1 patients (−43.5 μm vs. −19.6 μm, respectively; p = 0.032) at 3 months.ConclusionsThere was a difference in early treatment response with aflibercept between two subtypes of PCV. Type 1 polypoidal CNV showed better visual improvement with a higher percentage of polyp regression than type 2 idiopathic PCV.