bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronobiological aspects of headache syndromes due to sellar or pituitary pathology
Authors: Bossolo Pierangelo , Canepari Claudio , Daguati Mimma Maria , Cozzi Alberto , Fioravanti Marisa , Ferrari Ettore 
Published: July 2017

A chronobiological study was carried out in headache syndromes due to empty sella or to pituitary G.H.- and PRL-secreting adenomas. In the empty sella syndrome only the chrono-organization of G.H. secretion was disturbed, whereas pl. PRL exhibited the usual circadian pattern. The circadian rhythms of pl. G.H. and pl. PRL were abolished in G.H.-and PRL-secreting pituitary tumors, respectively, and were again detectable when patients were cured by selective transsphenoidal adenomectomy. A normal circadian rhythmicity of pl. cortisol was demonstrable in the empty sella syndrome and in pituitary adenomas, both before and after surgery. On a étudié les aspects rhythmométriques de certains cas de céphalée secondaire à un atteinte sellaire ou bien hypophysaire, tels la syndrome de la selle vide et les adénomes GH- ou PRL-secrétants. Au cours du syndrome de la selle vide on observe un trouble de la rhythmicité circadienne du GHpl., tandis que les autres rhythmes (PRL et cortisol pl., température orale) sont normaux. Dans les adénomes GH- ou PRL-secrétants on observe une altération sélective du rhythme circadien de l'hormone spécifiquement secrétée par l'adénome. Après l'exérèse chirurgicale de l'adénome par voie transphénoidale, la normalization des niveaux plasmatiques hormonaux s'accompagne à la réapparition du rhythme circadien habituel. Le rhythme circadien du cortisol plasmatique ne semble pas être affecté par la présence d'une selle vide ou bien d'un adénome GH- ou PRL-secrétant ni par l'adenomectomie par voie transphénoidale. E’ stata attuata una indagine cronobiologica in corso di cefalea secondaria a patologie sellario ipofisarie, quali la sindrome della sella vuota e gli adenomi GH- o PRL-secernenti, con sindrome cefalalgica. In presenza di empty sella si riscontra un'alterazione della cronoorganizzazione circadiana solo per la secrezione di G.H., mentre la PRL pl. presenta il normale ritmo circadiano. Negli adenomi ipofisari si rileva la scomparsa della normale ritmicità circadiana dell'ormone specificamente ipersecreto e la completa rimozione dell'adenoma per via trans-nasosfenoidale è seguita dal ripristino del ritmo circadiano dell'ormone stesso. Il ritmo circadiano del cortisolo pl. non risulta alterato nell'empty sella nè in presenza di adenoma ipofisario GH o PRL-secernente e non viene significativamente modificato dall'intervento neurochirurgico.
Progress in migraine: treatment with dihydroergotamine-retard
Authors: Mastrosimone Filippo , Iaccarino Carmine 
Published: July 2017

A group of 40 patients suffering from migraine underwent dihydroergotamine-retard therapy for a period of five months after a 30-day pre-treatment period. They had previously been treated with other medications but results were not relevant. Drug effectiveness was evaluated by means of Pain Total Index, number of attacks, analgesic consumption and number of awakenings with headache. The results show a significant difference between the observation period and the treatment phase, with relevant therapeutic success. Only moderate side-effects were observed. La dihydroergotamine à libération programmée a été administrée pendant cinq mois à quarante patients souffrants de céphalée qui avaient déjà été traités avec d'autres médicaments sans obtenir un résultat appréciable. Le commencement de la thérapie était précédé par une période d'observation de trente jours. L'éfficacité du traitement a été évaluée au moyen du Pain Total Index, de la fréquence des crises, de la consommation des analgésiques et du nombre de réveils avec la céphalée. Les résultats indiquent des différences significatives du point de vue de la statistique par rapport à la période d'observation. La thérapie a permis des succès thérapeutiques remarquables, vue aussi la mancance d'effets collatéraux qui auraient conseiller la suspension du traitement ou bien la réduction de la posologie. A quaranta pazienti affetti da cefalea emicranica e già trattati con scarsi risultati con altri farmaci, è stata somministrata diidroergotamina a cessione programmata per cinque mesi. Un periodo di osservazione di trenta giorni precedeva l'inizio della terapia. L'efficacia del trattamento è stata valutata per mezzo del Pain Total Index, della frequenza delle crisi, del consumo degli analgesici e del numero di risvegli con cefalea. I risultati mostrano differenze statisticamente significative rispetto al periodo di osservazione. La terapia ha permesso rilevanti successi terapeutici, in assenza di effetti collaterali tali da indurre la sospensione del trattamento o la riduzione della posologia.
Timed-release dihydroergotamine in the prophylaxis of mixed headache. A study versus amitriptyline
Authors: Bonuso Salvatore , Stasio Emanuela Di , Barone Paolo , Steardo Luca 
Published: July 2017

A pharmacological trial has been carried out on 41 out-patients suffering from mixed headache. The prophylactic effect of a timed-release dihydroergotamine formulation was tested versus amitriptyline. Patients reported daily, on appropriate cards, the hours of headache and the degree of pain during the month before therapy and on the following two months of treatment. Whereas amitriptyline was found to be more effective than dihydroergotamine in reducing headache intensity, timed-release dihydroergotamine was found significantly more effective than amitriptyline in reducing attacks of “migraine” type. Les auteurs ont conduit une étude pharmacologique sur 41 patients souffrant de céphalée mixte. L'effet préventif de la dihydroergotamine à libération programmée a été comparé à celui de l'amitriptiline. Les patients ont quotidiennement enregistré, sur des fiches spéciales, les heures de céphalée et le degré d'intensité de la douleur au cours du mois précédant la thérapie et durant les deux mois de traitement. La dihydroergotamine à libération programmée s'est avérée de façon significative plus efficace que l'amitriptiline dans la réduction de la fréquence des attaques de type hémialgique. Gli autori hanno condotto uno studio farmacologico su 41 pazienti sofferenti di cefalea mista. L'effetto preventivo della diidroergotamina a liberazione programmata è stato paragonato a quello della amitriptilina. I pazienti hanno riportato, quotidianamente, su apposite schede, le ore di cefalea ed il grado di intensità del dolore nel mese precedente la terapia e durante i due mesi di trattamento. La diidroergotamina a liberazione programmata è risultata significativamente più efficace dell'amitriptilina nel ridurre la frequenza degli attacchi ti tipo emicranico.
The Neurobiology, Neuropharmacology, and Pharmacological Treatment of the Paraphilias and Compulsive Sexual Behaviour
Authors: Brad ford John MW 
Published: July 2017

There has been in creas ing in ter est in the treat ment of sex ual dis or ders in re cent years. Sex ual dis or ders are clas si fied in DSM-IV as sex ual dysfunctions, paraphilias, and gen der iden tity dis or ders. The sex ual dysfunctions are nondeviant or nonparaphillic. The sex ual dys func tion dis or ders should in clude “hy per ac tive sex ual de sire dis or der” un der sex ual de sire dis or ders. Fur ther, there should be a speci fier for paraphilias of “with hypersexuality” or “with out hypersexuality.” There is still in com plete un derstand ing of the neurobiology of sex ual dis or ders al though func tional neuroanatomy and neoropharmcological re search has e xposed the neurotransmitters, receptors, and hormones that are in volved in sex ual de sire. Vari ous pharmacological agents in clud ing se ro to nin reuptake in hib i tors, antiandrogens, LHRH agonists, and oth ers have been doc u mented as re duc ing sex ual de sire. An al go rithm for the use of these drugs in the treat ment of the paraphilias as well nonparaphilic hypersexuality is out lined. The modes of ac tion, dos ages, aims of treat ment, and usual meth ods of pre scrib ing these agent s is re viewed in this ar ti cle. Some fu ture di rec tions of re search in phar ma co log i cal treat ment is also dis cussed.
Is Schizophrenia on the Decline in Canada?
Authors: Woogh Car o lyn 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To ex am ine changes in prev a lence rates of treated schizo phre nia over 10 years in a small urban teach ing cen tre us ing data from the Kingston Psy chi at ric Re cord Link age Sys tem (KPRLS). Method: The KPRLS, a psy chi at ric case reg is ter es tab lished in 1984, col lects and links de mo graphic, di ag nos tic, and ser vice use in for ma tion for all psy chi at ric in pa tients, out pa tients and emer gency con tacts at the 3 hos pi tals in Kingston, On tario. A pre lim inary com par i son of first ad mis sions for schizophrenia used chart review (1976–1978) and KPR LS data (1996–1998). The KPRLS data were used to cal cu late pop u la tion-based prev a lence rates of treated schizo phre n ia in 3 cen sus years (1986, 1991, 1996) for pa tients in the 2 coun ties clos est to Kingston. Results: The pre lim i nary com par i son showed a 42% de crease in the num ber of first-admission schizo phre nia cases over 20 years. In the main study, the an nual in pa tient prev a lence rates de creased sig nif i cantly (52%) from 1986 to 1996 with no cor re spond ing change in out pa tient rates, re gard less of sex. Al though to tal ma jor af fec tive dis or ders in creased, this was due to an in crease in m ajor de pres sion, not bi po lar dis or der. Conclusions: This is the first Ca na dian case-register study to sup port the widely re ported fall ing rates of schizo phre nia in other parts of the world over the last 40 years. Since this is a geo graph i cally lim ited prev a lence study based on only 10 years of data, further re search over lon ger pe ri ods of time in other re gions of the coun try is re quired to sup port or re fute these find ings.
Serum Lipid Concentrations in Patients with Comorbid Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Sevincok Levent , Buyukozturk Aslihan , Dereboy Ferhan 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To ex am ine the lipid lev els in a sam ple of pa tients with comorbid gen er al ized anx i ety dis or der (GAD) and ma jor d epres sive dis or der (MDD). Methods: Se rum lipid con cen tra tions were ex am ined in 40 pa tients with both GAD and MDD, in 27 pa tients with MDD only, in 26 pa tients with GAD only, and in 24 healthy con trol sub jects. Results: All mean se rum cho les terol con cen tra tions are pre sented in Ta ble 1. The mean se rum to tal cho les terol con cen tra tion in pa tients with both GAD and MDD was sig nif i cantly higher than in MDD-only pa tients, GAD-only pa tients, and con trol sub jects. The triglyceride con cen tra tion was also sig nif i cantly higher in pa tients with both GAD and M DD than in MDD-only pa tients, GAD-only pa tients, and con trol sub jects. Pa tients with both GAD and MDD had a lower mean high-density li po pro tein cho lesterol (HDL-C) con cen tra tion than did pa tients with GAD only and con trol sub jects. The se rumcon cen tra tion of low-density li p opro tein cho les terol (LDL-C) was higher in pa tients with both GAD and MDD than in pa tients with MDD only and GAD only and healthy con trol sub jects. Conclusions: Our find ings in di cate that the pa tients with both GAD and MDD have in creased se rum cho les t erol, triglyceride, and LDL-C and re duced HDL-C lev els. These pa tients may have a greater risk of mor tal ity from cor o nary ar tery dis ease (CAD) than do pa tients with ei ther de pres sion or anx i ety dis or der.
Validation of French- and English-Canadian Versions of the Social Cue Recognition Test
Authors: Beaupré Mar tin G , King Su zanne , Bauer Isabelle , Hess Ursula , Debruille Jacques-Bruno , Cor ri gan Pat rick W 
Published: July 2017

Objective: Our pri mary ob jec tive was to cre ate and vali date the So cial Cue Rec og ni tion Test-C (SCRT-C), a Ca na dian test com pa ra ble with the origi nal SCRT. Method: We ad min is tered the SCRT-C and the origi nal SCRT to 111 nor mal un der graduate stu dents. Results: In our sam ple, the re li abil ity and va lid ity of the SCRT-C were mod er ately high and simi lar to those found with Cor rigan's SCRT. The re sults also sug gest that the Eng lish and French ver sions of the Ca na dian SCRT are equiva lent. Conclusions: The SCRT-C is an ap pro pri ate in stru ment for as sess ing so cial cue rec og n ition in emo tional con texts.
“Cade's Disease” and Beyond: Misdiagnosis, Antidepressant Use, and a Proposed Definition for Bipolar Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ghaemi S Nassir , Ko James Y , Goodwin Fred er ick K 
Published: July 2017

The diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) has been in con sis tent and frequently mis under stood in re cent years. To identify the causes of this problem and suggest possible solutions, we under took a critical review of studies concerning the nosology of BD and the effects of antidepressant agents. Both the under diagnosis of BD and its frequent mis diagnosis as unipolar major depressive dis order (MDD) appear to be problems in patients with BD. Under diagnosis results from clinicians' in adequate under standing of manic symptoms, from patients' im paired in sight into mania, and especially from failure to involve family members or third parties in the di agnostic process. Some, but by no means all, of the under diagnosis problem may also result from lack of agreement about the breadth of the bipolar spectrum, beyond classic type I manic-depressive illness (what Ketter has termed “Cade's Dis ease”). To alleviate confusion about the less classic varieties of bipolar illness, we propose a heuristic definition, “bipolar spectrum disorder.” This diagnosis would give greater weight to family history and antidepressant-induced manic symptoms and would apply to non-type I or II bipolar illness, in which depressive symptom, course, and treatment response character is tics are more typical of bipolar than unipolar illness. The role of antidepressants is also controversial. Our review of the evidence leads us to conclude that there should be less emphasis on using antidepressants to treat per sons with this illness.
The Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder: Focus on Signal Transduction Pathways and the Regulation of Gene Expression
Authors: Bezchlibnyk Yarema , Young L Trevor 
Published: July 2017

Objective: This article presents an overview of signal transduction path ways and re views the re search under taken to study these systems in clinically relevant samples from patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Method: We re viewed the published findings from studies of post mortem brain tissue and blood samples from patients with BD. Results: Al though the ex act biochemical abnormalities have yet to be identified, the presented findings strongly suggest that BD may be due, at least in part, to abnormalities in signal transduction mechanisms. In particular, altered levels or function, or both, of G-protein a subunits and effector molecules such as protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) have consistently been associated with BD both in peripheral cells and in post mortem braintis sue, while more re cent studies implicate disruption in novel second-messenger cascades, such as the ERK/MAPK path way. Conclusions: De spite the difficulties inherent in biochemical studies of clinically relevant tissue samples, numerous investigations have illuminated the signal transduction mechanisms in patients with BD. These studies also suggest that BD may be due to the interaction of many abnormalities. In this con text, novel techniques enabling the study of gene expression promise to assist in untangling these complex interactions, through visualizing the end result of these changes at the level of gene transcription.
Major Depression and its Association with Long-Term Medical Conditions
Authors: Gagnon Lisa M , Pat ten Scott B 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To replicate previously re ported as sociations between major depressive episodes (MDEs) and long-term medical conditions in a Canadian community sample. Methods: A sample of 2542 house hold residents was selected using random digit dialing (RDD). Data were collected by tele phone in ter view. The Composite International Diagnostic In ter view (CIDI)-Short Form for major depression (CIDI-SFMD) was used to identify MDEs occurring in the previous 12 months. Long-term medical conditions were identified by self-report. Results: The prevalence of MDE was elevated in those subjects who re ported 1 or more long-term medical conditions. The association was not due to con founding by age, sex, social support, or stressful recent life events. Conclusion: This study replicates a previously re ported as sociation between depressive disorders and long-term medical conditions. These cross-sectional associations suggest that medical conditions may increase the risk of major depression or that major depression may in crease the risk of medical conditions. Alternatively, comorbid medical conditions may influence the duration of depressive episodes, or vice versa. These explanations are not mutually exclusive.
Comparisons between the South Oaks Gambling Screen and a DSM-IV—Based Interview in a Community Survey of Problem Gambling
Authors: Cox Brian J , Enns Murray W , Michaud Valerie 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To directly compare 2 forms of assessment for determining gambling problems in a community survey, and to examine the characteristics of respondents who endorsed DSM-IV symptoms but who scored below the formal DSM-IV diagnostic cut-off for pathological gambling. Method: We interviewed 1489 Winnipeg adults by phone (response rate 70.5%) using the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), a DSM-IV–based instrument, and several gambling-related variables. Results: The lifetime prevalence of “probable pathological gambling” (according to the SOGS, having a score of ≥ 5) was 2.6%. The SOGS items and DSM-IV symptoms were highly correlated ( r = 0.80), but a score of 5 or more symptoms for a DSM-IV diagnosis produced lower prevalence figures. Comparisons between recreational gamblers (those with no DSM-IV symptoms), subthreshold pathological gamblers (those with 1 to 4 DSM-IV symptoms), and pathological gamblers (those with ≥ 5 DSM-IV symptoms) on a series of gambling-related variables (for example, high use of video lottery terminals) revealed that subthreshold individuals significantly differed from recreational gamblers and more closely approximated the characteristics displayed by pathological gamblers. Conclusions: SOGS items show a high degree of association with the DSM-IV clinical symptoms of pathological gambling, but the DSM-IV cut-off of 5 symptoms is more conservative in defining gambling problems. Results support a continuum view of gambling problems in the community. DSM-IV scores of 3 or 4 represent the higher end of the group officially considered diagnostically “subthreshold” and may be important from both a clinical and public health perspective.
Clinical Case Discussion: The Elderly Patient with Psychosis
Authors: Thorpe Lilian , Campbell Barry , Primeau François J 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To present a clinical case of an elderly person with psychosis and to discuss associated diagnostic and treatment issues. Methods: A case from 1 of the authors' clinical practices was presented in English and French to several groups of Canadian psychiatrists attending a teaching day on psychosis. Three geriatric psychiatrists acted as facilitators, soliciting the clinical experiences of the participants in the discussion. The authors integrated clinical content from these sessions with results of a Medline search on psychosis in elderly persons. Results: The assessment of elderly patients with psychosis is more often than in younger patients by overlying organicity, including delirium due to illness or medication use, dementia, or sensory deficits. Treatment might further worsen cognitive, affective, and functional impairment through adverse effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms (leading to decreased mobility and general functioning), anticholinergic effects (predisposing to delirium), and hypotension (predisposing to falls). Newer antipsychotics with less hazardous side effect profiles have an increasing role, but they must be coupled with psychosocial support to maximize the patient's independent functioning and quality of life after discharge. Conclusions: Assessment and treatment of the elderly person with psychosis must consider a wide variety of biopsychosocial variables, seeking to minimize further treatment-related deterioration. Controlled studies of antipsychotics in elderly people must be conducted in a variety of diagnostic situations that reflect their actual use in the community, and information must be propagated effectively among general psychiatrists, family physicians, and geriatric psychiatrists. The role of nonpharmacologic interventions in elderly persons with psychosis is even less well understood and deserves further study.
Assessment and Management of Antipsychotic-Induced Adverse Events
Authors: Cortese Leonardo , Pourcher-Bouchard Emmanuelle , Williams Richard 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To review and discuss the spectrum of adverse events caused by antipsychotic agents that can directly influence the outcome of treatment by interfering with patient acceptance of and adherence to therapy. Method: The adverse effects of traditional and second-generation antipsychotic medications were discussed during a series of clinical workshops attended by psychiatrists from across Canada. The various adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs as well as their assessment and management are reviewed. Results: Simple techniques for assessing adverse effects such as extrapyrimidal symptoms (EPS) are described. In some cases, adverse effects can be managed by dosage reduction and/or the use of adjunctive therapies such as antiparkinsonian agents and benzodiazepines. However, in some patients dose reduction carries the risk of symptom reemergence, while the commonly used adjunctive medications are associated with adverse effects of their own. Conclusions: Treatment-related side effects often require a reduction in dosage or a change in medication. Proper management can help encourage patient compliance and improve the outcome of antipsychotic treatment. The availability of the newer atypical antipsychotics offers another alternative, because they are associated with a much lower incidence of antipsychotic-induced side effects.