bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The extent to which the public health ‘war on obesity’ reflects the ethical values and principles of critical health promotion: a multimedia critical discourse analysis
Authors: O'Hara Lily , Taylor Jane , Barnes Margaret 
Published: November 2015

Issue addressedThe discipline of health promotion is responsible for implementing strategies within weight‐related public health initiatives (WR‐PHI). It is imperative that such initiatives be subjected to critical analysis through a health promotion ethics lens to help ensure ethical health promotion practice.MethodsMultimedia critical discourse analysis was used to examine the claims, values, assumptions, power relationships and ideologies within Australian WR‐PHI. The Health Promotion Values and Principles Continuum was used as a heuristic to evaluate the extent to which the WR‐PHI reflected the ethical values of critical health promotion: active participation of people in the initiative; respect for personal autonomy; beneficence; non‐maleficence; and strong evidential and theoretical basis for practice.ResultsTen initiatives were analysed. There was some discourse about the need for participation of people in the WR‐PHI, but people were routinely labelled as ‘target groups’ requiring ‘intervention’. Strong evidence of a coercive and paternalistic discourse about choice was identified, with minimal attention to respect for personal autonomy. There was significant emphasis on the beneficiaries of the WR‐PHI but minimal attention to the health benefits, and nothing about the potential for harm. Discourse about the evidence of need was objectivist, and there was no discussion about the theoretical foundations of the WR‐PHI.ConclusionThe WR‐PHI were not reflective of the ethical values and principles of critical health promotion.
CO luminosity function from Herschel-selected galaxies and the contribution of AGN
Authors: Vallini L. , Gruppioni C. , Pozzi F. , Vignali C. , Zamorani G. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We derive the carbon monoxide (CO) luminosity function (LF) for different rotational transitions [i.e. (1–0), (3–2), (5–4)] starting from the Herschel LF by Gruppioni et al. and using appropriate LCO–LIR conversions for different galaxy classes. Our predicted LFs fit the data so far available at z ≈ 0 and 2. We compare our results with those obtained by semi-analytical models (SAMs): while we find a good agreement over the whole range of luminosities at z ≈ 0, at z ≈ 1 and z ≈ 2, the tension between our LFs and SAMs in the faint and bright ends increases. We finally discuss the contribution of luminous active galactic nucleus (LX &gt; 1044 erg s− 1) to the bright end of the CO LF concluding that they are too rare to reproduce the actual CO LF at z ≈ 2.
Intensive, Manual‐based Intervention for Pediatric Feeding Disorders
Authors: Sharp William G. , Stubbs Kathryn H. , Adams Heyward , Wells Brian M. , Lesack Roseanne S. , Criado Kristen K. , Simon Elizabeth L. , McCracken Courtney E. , West Leanne L. , Scahill Larry D. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this pilot study was to investigate feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an intensive, manual‐based behavioral feeding intervention for children with chronic food refusal and dependence on enteral feeding or oral nutritional formula supplementation.Methods:Twenty children ages 13 to 72 months (12 boys and 8 girls) meeting criteria for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder were randomly assigned to receive treatment for 5 consecutive days in a day treatment program (n = 10) or waitlist (n = 10). A team of trained therapists implemented treatment under the guidance of a multidisciplinary team. Parent training was delivered to support generalization of treatment gains. We tracked parental attrition and attendance, as well as therapist fidelity. Primary outcome measures were bite acceptance, disruptions, and grams consumed during meals.Results:Caregivers reported high satisfaction and acceptability of the intervention. Three participants (1 intervention; 2 waitlist) dropped out of the study before endpoint. Of the expected 140 treatment meals for the intervention group, 137 (97.8%) were actually attended. The intervention group showed significantly greater improvements (P < 0.05) on all primary outcome measures (d = 1.03–2.11) compared with waitlist (d = −1.13–0.24). A 1‐month follow‐up suggested stability in treatment gains.Conclusions:Results from this pilot study corroborate evidence from single‐subject and nonrandomized studies on the positive effects of behavioral intervention. Findings support the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of this manual‐based approach to intervention. These results warrant a large‐scale randomized trial to test the safety and efficacy of this intervention.
Validation of a Nutritional Screening Tool for Ambulatory Use in Pediatrics
Authors: Rub Gal , Marderfeld Luba , Poraz Irit , Hartman Corina , Amsel Shlomo , Rosenbaum Israel , Pergamentzev‐Karpol Shiri , Monsonego‐Ornan Efrat , Shamir Raanan 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:To evaluate the use of Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP) in a primary health care clinic in the community and to assess the impact of its use on medical staff's awareness of nutritional status.Methods:STAMP scoring system was tested as is and with modifications in the ambulatory setting. Nutritional risk according to STAMP was compared with a detailed nutritional assessment performed by a registered dietitian. Recording of nutrition‐related data and anthropometric measurements in medical files were compared prior and post implementation.Results:Sixty children were included (31 girls, 52%), ages between 1 and 6 years, mean age 2.8 ± 1.5 (mean ± SD). STAMP scores yielded a fair agreement between STAMP and the dietitian's nutritional assessment: κ = 0.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24–0.7), sensitivity of 47.62% (95% CI 28.34–67.63). Modified STAMP yielded more substantial agreement: κ = 0.57 (95% CI 0.35–0.79), sensitivity of 76.19% (95% CI 54.91–89.37), specificity of 82.05% (95% CI 67.33–91.02). The use of STAMP resulted in an increase in recording of appetite, dietary intake, and anthropometric measurements.Conclusions:Modification of the STAMP improved nutritional risk evaluation in community setting. The use of STAMP in a primary health care clinic raised clinician's awareness to nutritional status. Further work will identify whether this could be translated into lower malnutrition rates and better child care.
Double‐balloon Enteroscopy for Pediatric Patients
Authors: Yokoyama Koji , Yano Tomonori , Kumagai Hideki , Mizuta Koichi , Ono Shigeru , Imagawa Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Hironori , Yamagata Takanori 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:The safety and efficacy of double‐balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in pediatric patients has not been well documented. We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of DBE in children, especially those under 10.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed our database of DBE procedures performed between September 2000 and September 2013. Procedures performed in pediatric patients (under 18) were selected from a total of 3980, including double‐balloon endoscopic retrograde cholangioscopy (DBERC).Results:Two hundred fifty‐seven DBE procedures were performed in 117 pediatric patients (median age 12.5 years). Antegrade (oral‐route) DBE was performed in 166 procedures including 104 DBERC procedures (lowest body weight 13.5 kg, youngest age 3 years), and retrograde (anal‐route) DBE in 91 (lowest body weight 12.0 kg, youngest age 2 years). The overall diagnostic yield for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain was 58.8%. The purpose of DBERC was achieved in 76.9% of procedures. The overall complication rate in our series was 5.4% (1.9% with the DBERC cases removed); in patients under 10, it was 10.4% (7/67). No severe complications associated with enteroscope insertion and sedation were observed. Serum amylase levels tended to be elevated in patients who underwent oral‐route DBE.Conclusions:DBE is safe and feasible for diagnostic evaluation of small bowel disorders in pediatric patients, even those younger than 10 years. Special attention for possible complications must, however, be paid during therapeutic DBE procedures, including DBERC, especially for patients under 10.
Update on Performance in Tobacco Control: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Tobacco Control Policy and the US Adult Smoking Rate, 2011-2013
Authors: Mader Emily M. , Lapin Brittany , Cameron Brianna J. , Carr Thomas A. , Morley Christopher P. 
Published: November 2015

Context:Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. States and municipalities have instituted a variety of tobacco control measures (TCMs) to address the significant impact tobacco use has on population health. The American Lung Association annually grades state performance of tobacco control using the State of Tobacco Control grading framework.Objective:To gain an updated understanding of how recent efforts in tobacco control have impacted tobacco use across the United States, using yearly State of Tobacco Control TCM assessments.Design:The independent TCM variables of smoke-free air score, cessation score, excise tax, and percentage of recommended funding were selected from the American Lung Association State of Tobacco Control reports. Predictors of adult smoking rates were determined by a mixed-effects model.Setting/Participants:The 50 US states and District of Columbia.Main Outcome Measure:Adult smoking rate in each state from 2011 to 2013.Results:The average adult smoking rate decreased significantly from 2011 to 2013 (21.3% [SD: 3.5] to 19.3% [SD: 3.5],P= .016). All forms of TCMs varied widely in implementation levels across states. Excise taxes (β = −.812,P= .006) and smoke-free air regulations (β = −.057,P= .008) were significant, negative predictors of adult smoking. Cessation services (β = .015,P= .46) did not have a measurable effect on adult smoking.Conclusion:Tobacco control measures with the strongest influence on adult smoking include the state excise tax and state smoke-free air regulations. The lack of robust funding for tobacco cessation services across the majority of US states highlights an important shortfall in current tobacco control policy.
An evaluation of methods correcting for cell type heterogeneity in DNA methylation studies
Authors: McGregor Kevin , Bernatsky Sasha , Colmegna Ines , Hudson Marie , Pastinen Tomi , Labbe Aurélie , Greenwood Celia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundMany different methods exist to adjust for variability in cell-type mixture proportions when analysing DNA methylation studies. Here we present the result of an extensive simulation study, built on cell-separated DNA methylation profiles from Illumina Infinium 450K methylation data, to compare the performance of 8 methods including the most commonly-used approaches.ResultsWe designed a rich multi-layered simulation containing a set of probes with true associations with either binary or continuous phenotypes, confounding by cell type, variability in means and standard deviations for population parameters, additional variability at the level of an individual cell-type-specific sample, and variability in the mixture proportions across samples. Performance varied quite substantially across methods and simulations. In particular, the false discovery rates (FDR) were sometimes unrealistically high, indicating limited ability to discriminate the true signals from those appearing significant through confounding. Methods that filtered probes had consequently poor power. QQ-plots of p-values across all tested probes showed that adjustments did not always improve the distribution. The same methods were used to examine associations between smoking and methylation data from a case-control study of colorectal cancer.ConclusionsWe recommend surrogate variable analysis for cell-type mixture adjustment since performance was stable under all our simulated scenarios.
Quantifying polygenic effects in genome-wide association studies using generalized estimating equations
Authors: Hecker Julian , Prokopenko Dmitry , Lange Christoph , Fier Heide Löhlein 
Published: November 2015

1AbstractRecently, LD Score regression1has been proposed as a computationally fast method to contrast confounding biases with polygenicity and to quantify their contribution to the inflation of test statistics in GWAS.In this communication, we extend the LD Score regression approach by applying the generalized estimation equations (GEE) framework, which is capable of incorporating more external information from reference panels about the correlation structure of test statistics. We apply our GEE approach and LD Score regression to simulated and real data to compare their performance.We show that our proposed methodology obtains more efficient estimates while preserving the robustness and desired properties of LD Score regression.
Characteristics of DNA methylation and gene expression in regulatory features on the Infinium 450k Beadchip
Authors: Martino David , Saffery Richard 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the relationship between variations in DNA methylation and gene expression has been challenging. Evidence suggests the function of DNA methylation may vary with genomic context, and few consistent rules linking methylation to expression have been noted. For array-based studies, the content of current DNA methylation array platforms provide broad coverage of the genome but target only a fraction of the potentially methylated CG dinucleotides. A better understanding of the interplay between DNA methylation and gene expression is beneficial for users of these platforms, and may aid with candidate prioritization in epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS). To address this we examined the relationship between DNA methylation levels and gene expression in primary T-lymphocytes at discreet genomic regions around the transcriptional unit (Promoters, gene body, untranslated regions) and at CpG island-associated regions (islands, shores and shelves), stratifying by high and low expressed genes. As anticipated we found evidence that DNA methylation at CpG sites near promoter regions are tightly correlated with gene expression in both the stably expressed and developmentally regulated genes, however this is dependent on CpG density. DNA methylation within the gene body was not consistently associated with changes in gene expression. CpG islands and island shores exhibited strong correlations with gene expression, but this was not true for island shelves. We found these relationships were generally preserved at both dynamic and steady state genes, with some notable exceptions. In combination these insights may be useful for prioritising candidates identified in epigenome-wide association studies for subsequent functional studies.
Beyond enforcement: what drives tax morale in Ghana?
Authors: Ibrahim Muazu , Musah Alhassan , Abdul-Hanan Abdallah 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate the determinants of the motivation to pay tax in Ghana. Traditionally, raising tax morale to ensure compliance is often tied to the level of prevailing enforcement. But beyond enforcement, why do citizens pay tax?Design/methodology/approach– This paper relied on the sixth wave of the World Values Survey data in determining the drivers of tax morale. It used the probit model with different specifications to determine robustness of the results.Findings– The findings remain robust to model specification and show a non-linear relationship between age and tax morale. The level of education, marital status, patriotism, sector of employment, satisfaction with democracy and one’s “fear of God” do not matter in tax morale. The economic class of a personper seis also far from being a significant driver and that people are intrinsically motivated to pay tax once they are satisfied with their financial situation, have trust in the government as well as confidence in the parliament.Originality/value– In addition to being a pioneering micro-econometric work on the determinants of tax morale in Ghana, the main contribution of the study lies in its investigation of a non-linear relationship between age and tax morale in Ghana.
The social media leads to socialism
Authors: Gomez Farias Hannah , Paskor Ann , Block Walter E. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to trace the relationship between social media and socialism.Design/methodology/approach– The design of this paper is to articulate what is socialism and social media. We trace the relationship between the two based on quotations and citations between these two separate universes of discourse.Findings– Social media leads to socialism; this is the most unsophisticated understanding of economics, and pretty much anyone can take part in this mode of communication. The economically illiterate excoriate capitalism, but they fail, utterly, to distinguish between the crony capitalism, which really does exploit workers and the poor, from laissez-faire capitalism, which is the last best hope for humanity to prosper and even to survive.Originality/value– There is great originality in this paper because there is no other extant study that attempts to explain social media and socialism in terms of each other.
Education for integration: four pedagogical principles
Authors: Cook Ailsa , Harries John , Huby Guro 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider how postgraduate education can contribute to the effective integration of health and social care through supporting public service managers to develop the skills required for collaborative working.

Design/methodology/approach
– Review of documentation from ten years of delivery of a part-time postgraduate programme for health and social care managers, critical reflection on the findings in light of relevant literature.

Findings
– The health and social care managers participating in this postgraduate programme report working across complex, shifting and hidden boundaries. Effective education for integration should: ground learning in experience; develop a shared language; be inter-professional and co-produced; and support skill development.

Originality/value
– This paper addresses a gap in the literature relating to the educational and development needs of health and social care managers leading collaborative working.
The marketisation and privatisation of children’s social work and child protection
Authors: Jones Ray 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– Whilst the government makes progress on opening up children’s social work, including child protection, to the market place and to private and commercial businesses, there has been little comment on the strengths and weaknesses, and the opportunities and threats, of the political policy direction being pursued. In particular, what are the implications for the integration and consolidation of services, which had been the “joined-up” services policy ambition of previous governments and, for health and social care services, remain the declared ambition of the current government? The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– This paper considers the potential impact on children’s social work services and child protection from the government’s policy and regulatory changes which open up all children’s social work to the market place.Findings– Particular concerns are noted that the changes now being allowed and promoted will lead to greater fragmentation rather than integration.Originality/value– This is the first paper to reflect on the government’s push and preference for the unregulated market place it created in 2014 for children’s social work, including child protection.
Managing performance and learning through reflective practices
Authors: Saunila Minna , Tikkamäki Kati , Ukko Juhani 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study the role of performance management (PM) in the use of reflective work practices.Design/methodology/approach– The empirical evidence was collected during a one-year, action-oriented research project.Findings– According to the results, PM can support the use of reflective work practices by affecting and guiding the human behavior in an organization. In this study, five roles of PM are emphasized in order to support reflective practices at work: making reflective work practices visible, supporting reflective dialogue, creating a favorable measurement culture, clarifying the goals at all organizational levels and motivating employees to use reflective work practices by means of compensation and rewards.Practical implications– The results of the study can help professionals realize that reflective work practices may benefit organizational performance.Originality/value– There is limited research and discussion on how a PM process through the use of reflective practices contributes to human resource management (HRM) and organizational effectiveness. In addition, PM literature has neglected the potential of reflective work practices in achieving performance at different levels (individual, group and organization). Reflective work practices, where individuals learn from their own and from each other’s professional experiences, may be the most important source of professional development and improvement. This paper argues that PM can also support this type of learning, and thus guide and motivate people in attaining business goals.
Information and communication technology demands: outcomes and interventions
Authors: Stich Jean-François , Farley Samuel , Cooper Cary , Tarafdar Monideepa 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review four demands employees face when communicating through information and communication technologies (ICTs). The authors review the outcomes associated with each demand and discuss relevant interventions to provide a set of evidence-based recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper reviews the following demands associated with ICTs: response expectations, constant availability, increased workload and poor communication. The authors draw upon empirical research to highlight outcomes and intervention strategies, before discussing implications for research and practice.

Findings
– The findings suggest that there are diverse outcomes associated with each demand. The outcomes were not inherently negative as evidence suggests that positive performance outcomes can arise from response expectations and constant availability, although they may be allied by health and well-being costs.

Practical implications
– A number of practical strategies are described to help organizations address computer-mediated communication demands, including tailored training, organizational policies and role modeling. The paper also outlines suggestions for future research on the dark side of IT use.

Originality/value
– This paper integrates four interrelated demands that employees can face when communicating through technology. The authors extend knowledge by analyzing interventions which enables a synthesis of implications for practice.