bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of soil respiration to soil management changes in an agropastoral ecotone in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Xue Haili , Tang Haiping 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStudying the responses of soil respiration (Rs) to soil management changes is critical for enhancing our understanding of the global carbon cycle and has practical implications for grassland management. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (1) quantify daily and seasonal patterns of Rs, (2) evaluate the influence of abiotic factors on Rs, and (3) detect the effects of soil management changes on Rs. We hypothesized that (1) most of daily and seasonal variation in Rs could be explained by soil temperature (Ts) and soil water content (Sw), (2) soil management changes could significantly affect Rs, and (3) soil management changes affected Rs via the significant change in abiotic and biotic factors. In situ Rs values were monitored in an agropastoral ecotone in Inner Mongolia, China, during the growing seasons in 2009 (August to October) and 2010 (May to October). The soil management changes sequences included free grazing grassland (FG), cropland (CL), grazing enclosure grassland (GE), and abandoned cultivated grassland (AC). During the growing season in 2010, cumulative Rs for FG, CL, GE, and AC averaged 265.97, 344.74, 236.70, and 226.42 gC m−2 year−1, respectively. The Ts and Sw significantly influenced Rs and explained 66%–86% of the variability in daily Rs. Monthly mean temperature and precipitation explained 78%–96% of the variability in monthly Rs. The results clearly showed that Rs was increased by 29% with the conversion of FG to CL and decreased by 35% and 11% with the conversion of CL to AC and FG to GE. The factors impacting the change in Rs under different soil management changes sequences varied. Our results confirm the tested hypotheses. The increase in Q10 and litter biomass induced by conversion of FG to GE could lead to increased Rs if the climate warming. We suggest that after proper natural restoration period, grasslands should be utilized properly to decrease Rs.
HPW anchored Meso‐HZ‐5, a novel catalyst for selective synthesis of ethyl levulinate biofuel by alcoholysis of biomass‐derived furfuryl alcohol
Authors: Nandiwale Kakasaheb Y. , Pande Ashwini M. , Bokade Vijay V. 
Published: November 2017

Ethanolysis of biomass derived furfuryl alcohol (FA) produces ethyl levulinate (EL), a biofuel additive and precursor for γ‐valerolactone synthesis. The present study is devoted to develop an efficient and an environmentally benign catalytic system for one‐pot conversion of FA to EL biofuel, by revealing an insight of the catalytic mechanism. The catalytic activity of H‐ZSM‐5, Meso‐HZ‐5 (desilicated H‐ZSM‐5) and different percentage H3PW12O40(HPW) anchored to Meso‐HZ‐5 catalysts have been evaluated for the FA ethanolysis.As per our knowledge, this is the first research reporting the application of HPW anchored to Meso‐HZ‐5 catalysts for the conversion of FA into EL in biomass utilization. These catalysts were synthesized and characterized by Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption and temperature programmed NH3 desorption (TPAD). Products of FA ethanolysis viz., 4,5,5‐triethoxypentan‐2‐one (TEP), ethoxy‐methyl‐ furan (EMF), diethyl ether (DEE), EL were identified by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectroscopy (GC‐MS) and quantified by flame ionization detector (GC‐FID). The physicochemical properties of catalysts were found to correlate to the product distribution matrix.Moreover, influences of several process parameters such as catalyst amount, reactant molar ratio, temperature and time on the extent of FA ethanolysis were systematically investigated. Under optimized conditions, 15% (w/w) HPW/Meso‐HZ‐5 exhibited a remarkable catalytic performance with complete FA conversion (100%) along with 97% yield of EL, these activity values are superior than the previously reported studies. The present study provides an insight of the catalytic mechanism along with a potential environmental benign and the economic catalyst for the efficient synthesis of EL biofuel from the biomass‐derived FA. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1736–1742, 2018
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of drug‐resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis of real‐world evidence
Authors: Cooper Yonatan A. , Pianka Sean T. , Alotaibi Naif M. , Babayan Diana , Salavati Bahar , Weil Alexander G. , Ibrahim George M. , Wang Anthony C. , Fallah Aria 
Published: November 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of real‐world evidence for the use of low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of drug‐resistant epilepsy.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and clinicaltrials.gov for all relevant articles. Relevant patient and stimulation predictors as well as seizure outcomes were assessed. For studies with and without individual participant data (IPD), the primary outcomes were the rate of “favorable response” (reduction in seizure frequency ≥50%) and pooled event rate of mean reduction in seizure frequency, respectively. Outcomes were assessed with comparative statistics and random‐effects meta‐analysis models.ResultsOf 3,477 identified articles, 12 met eligibility and were included in this review. We were able to obtain IPD for 5 articles constituting 34 participants. Univariate analysis on IPD identified greater favorable response event rates between participants with temporal seizure focus versus extratemporal (50% vs. 14%, p = 0.045) and between participants who were stimulated with a figure‐8 coil versus other types (47% vs. 0%, p = 0.01). We also performed study‐level meta‐analysis on the remaining 7 studies without IPD, which included 212 participants. The pooled mean event rate of 50% seizure reduction using low‐frequency rTMS was 30% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12–57%). Sensitivity analysis revealed that studies with a mean age ≤21 years and studies using targeted stimulation had the highest seizure reduction rates compared to studies with a mean age >21 years (69% vs. 18%) and not using a targeted stimulation (47% vs. 14–20%). Moreover, we identified high interstudy heterogeneity, moderate study bias, and high publication bias.SignificanceReal‐world evidence suggests that low‐frequency rTMS using a figure‐8 coil may be an effective therapy for the treatment of drug‐resistant epilepsy in pediatric patients. This meta‐analysis can inform the design and expedite recruitment of a subsequent randomized clinical trial.
Emotion Regulation as a Transdiagnostic Feature Among Eating Disorders: Cross‐sectional and Longitudinal Approach
Authors: Mallorquí‐Bagué Núria , Vintró‐Alcaraz Cristina , Sánchez Isabel , Riesco Nadine , Agüera Zaida , Granero Roser , Jiménez‐Múrcia Susana , Menchón José M. , Treasure Janet , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEmotion regulation (ER) difficulties are observed in eating disorders (EDs). However, few studies have explored ER before and after treatment. The aims are as follows: to explore ER difficulties across ED types and a healthy control (HC) group (Study 1) and to assess pretreatment and post‐treatment changes among ED types (Study 2). In Study 1, adult women with EDs (n = 438) and HC (n = 126) completed an assessment including Eating Disorders Inventory‐2, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised. Patients in Study 2 (n = 69) were also reassessed after treatment. All ED types reported worse ER compared with HC (p < .001); also, ER differences were found between ED types. Prospective analyses show ER improvements after treatment (p < .001; |d| = 0.51), especially in patients with bulimia nervosa (p < .001; |d| = 1.03; Reliable Change Index = 9.79) with greater improvement in those with a better treatment outcome (p = .034). In conclusion, emotion dysregulation is a part of all forms of EDs. Furthermore, emotional dysregulation can be modified. ED treatments for anorexia nervosa and binge eating disorder might be enhanced by targeting ER skills. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
How to make key 5G wireless technologies environmental friendly: A review
Authors: Alsharif Mohammed H. , Nordin Rosdiadee , Abdullah Nor Fadzilah , Kelechi Anabi Hilary 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEnergy efficiency in cellular networks has increasingly become important to the cellular network operators due to its significant economic and ecological influence in the forthcoming generation of wireless networks, ie, the fifth‐generation (5G) network. To pursue a vision of green communication, this study presents a comprehensive overview and discusses how the key physical layer techniques that will be adopted in the 5G technology can improve energy efficiency to achieve a sustainable wireless network. Among the key 5G technologies discussed are massive multiple‐input multiple‐output, green heterogeneous networks, green millimeter wave, green 5G device‐to‐device communication, green machine‐to‐machine communication, and energy‐efficient 5G architecture. The review concludes that the 5G technology will soon fulfill the critical requirements of low‐energy network while maintaining services with high performance. Potential research opportunities related to green 5G are also highlighted at the end of the article.
Genetic variants in the platelet‐derived growth factor subunit B gene associated with pancreatic cancer risk
Authors: Duan Bensong , Hu Jiangfeng , Liu Hongliang , Wang Yanru , Li Hongyu , Liu Shun , Xie Jichun , Owzar Kouros , Abbruzzese James , Hurwitz Herbert , Gao Hengjun , Wei Qingyi 
Published: November 2017

The platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway plays important roles in development and progression of human cancers. In our study, we aimed to identify genetic variants of the PDGF pathway genes associated with pancreatic cancer (PC) risk in European populations using three published genome‐wide association study datasets, which consisted of 9,381 cases and 7,719 controls. The expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was also performed using data from the 1000 Genomes, TCGA and GTEx projects. As a result, we identified two potential susceptibility loci (rs5757573 and rs6001516) of PDGFB associated with PC risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–1.16, and p = 4.70 × 10−5 for the rs5757573 C allele and 1.21, 1.11–1.32, and 2.01 × 10−5 for the rs6001516 T allele]. Haplotype analysis revealed that the C‐T haplotype carriers had a significantly increased risk of PC than those carrying the T‐C haplotype (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.12–1.34, p =5.00 × 10−6). The multivariate regression model incorporating the number of unfavorable genotypes (NUGs) with age and sex showed that carriers with 1–2 NUGs, particularly among 60–70 age group or males, had an increased risk of PC, compared to those without NUG. Furthermore, the eQTL analysis revealed that both loci were correlated with a decreased mRNA expression level of PDGFB in lymphoblastoid cell lines and pancreatic tumor tissues (p = 0.015 and 0.071, respectively). Our results suggest that genetic variants in PDGFB may play a role in susceptibility to PC. Further population and functional validations of our findings are warranted.
Case series of outcomes of a standardized surgical approach for placenta percreta for prevention of ureteral lesions
Authors: Atallah David , Moubarak Malak , Nassar Malek , Kassab Bernard , Ghossain Michel , El Kassis Nadine 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo report the outcomes of women with placenta percreta who were surgically treated by a specialized technique based on gynecologic oncology experience, and to demonstrate its safety in preventing ureteral lesions and reducing blood loss.MethodsIn the present retrospective study, data from patients with placenta percreta radically treated at Hôtel‐Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon, between December 2012 and January 2017 were reviewed. Demographic, pathology, and delivery data, medical history, per‐operative and postoperative information, and neonatal data were assessed. Operative and postoperative outcomes were compared between emergency and scheduled cases.ResultsData from 35 patients were reviewed. Median gestational age at delivery was 34 weeks. Cesarean hysterectomy was scheduled in 20 (60%) cases. No ureteral lesions were noted. The median estimated blood loss was 1 L and a median of 3 units of red blood cells units was transfused. Emergency and scheduled cases presented comparable estimated blood loss, intra‐operative transfusion, bladder injury incidence, and surgery duration (all P>0.05). The mean delivery weight was 2100 g; admission to the neonatal intensive care unit was needed for 30 (86%) neonates.ConclusionThe surgical technique developed for placenta percreta was found to be effective (operative and postoperative outcomes) and safe (prevention of ureteral lesions).
Expanding the Clinical Spectrum of Phenotypes Caused by Pathogenic Variants in PLOD2
Authors: Leal Gabriela Ferraz , Nishimura Gen , Voss Ulrika , Bertola Débora Romeo , Åström Eva , Svensson Johan , Yamamoto Guilherme Lopes , Hammarsjö Anna , Horemuzova Eva , Papadogiannakis Nikos , Iwarsson Erik , Grigelioniene Giedre , Tham Emma 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a strikingly heterogeneous group of disorders with a broad range of phenotypic variations. It is also one of the differential diagnoses in bent bone dysplasias along with campomelic dysplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia and can usually be distinguished by decreased bone mineralization and bone fractures. Bent bone dysplasias also include syndromes such as kyphomelic dysplasia (MIM:211350) and mesomelic dysplasia Kozlowski-Reardon (MIM249710), both of which have been under debate regarding whether or not they are a real entity or simply a phenotypic manifestation of another dysplasia including OI. Bruck syndrome type 2 (BRKS2; MIM:609220) is a rare form of autosomal recessive OI caused by biallelic PLOD2 variants and is associated with congenital joint contractures with pterygia. In this report, we present six patients from four families with novel PLOD2 variants. All cases had multiple fractures. Other features ranged from prenatal lethal severe angulation of the long bones as in kyphomelic dysplasia and mesomelic dysplasia Kozlowski-Reardon through classical Bruck syndrome to moderate OI with normal joints. Two siblings with a kyphomelic dysplasia-like phenotype who were stillborn had compound heterozygous variants in PLOD2 (p.Asp585Val and p.Ser166*). One infant who succumbed at age 4 months had a bent bone phenotype phenotypically like skeletal dysplasia Kozlowski-Reardon (with mesomelic shortening, camptodactyly, retrognathia, cleft palate, skin dimples, but also with fractures). He was homozygous for the nonsense variant (p.Trp561*). Two siblings had various degrees of Bruck syndrome caused by the homozygous missense variant, p.His687Arg. Furthermore a boy with a clinical presentation of moderate OI had a possibly pathogenic homozygous variant p.Trp588Cys. Our experience of six patients with biallelic pathogenic variants in PLOD2 expands the phenotypic spectrum in the PLOD2-related phenotypes. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Abstract
The prognostic impact of serum bilirubin in stage IV colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Yang Lin , Ge Lu‐Yao , Yu Ting , Liang Yan , Yin Ying , Chen Hong 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundBilirubin played a great role in antioxidation and anticancer and has been considered as a promising prognostic factor of non‐liver disease‐related death in various cancers. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of pre‐treatment serum bilirubin in stage IV CRC patients.MethodsSerum bilirubin including TBIL, DBIL, and IBI which were tested at pre‐treatment were investigated in 154 stage IV CRC patients in Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China, from July 2005 to July 2011. X‐tile program was used to determine the optimal cut‐off values of these three biomarkers. Kaplan‐Meier analysis, univariate, and multivariate cox regression as well as time‐dependent ROC curve analysis were performed to evaluate the relations between serum bilirubin and survival outcomes.ResultsWe got the results that the optimal cut‐off points of serum TBIL, DBIL, and IBI levels were 12.9, 6.1, and 4.8 μmol/L, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that elevated TBIL, DBIL, and CEA were significantly associated with poor 5‐year OS in stage IV CRC patients. Multivariate cox analysis indicated that the high DBIL (HR=1.603, 95%CI=1.053‐2.442, P<.028) and CEA (HR=1.785, 95%CI=1.123‐2.837, P=.014) could be identified as independent factors for poor OS. Furthermore, time‐dependent ROC curves demonstrated that high DBIL had similar prognostic efficacy as elevated CEA for poor OS (AUC=0.63 and 0.61, respectively).ConclusionsPre‐treatment elevated TBIL and DBIL levels were associated with poor OS in stage IV CRC patients. Moreover, DBIL could be considered as an independent prognostic biomarker for OS. Furthermore, DBIL had similar prognostic efficacy as CEA for OS.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Serum Etrolizumab and Circulating β7 Receptor Occupancy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Wei Xiaohui , Gibiansky Leonid , Wang Yehong , Fuh Franklin , Erickson Rich , O'Byrne Sharon , Tang Meina T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEtrolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, specifically binds to the β7 subunit of the heterodimeric integrins α4β7 and αEβ7. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data were collected from an etrolizumab phase 1 trial in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). We developed a mechanism‐based model to simultaneously describe the kinetics of serum etrolizumab concentration and free β7 receptors on circulating intestinal‐homing CD4+T lymphocytes. Included in the analysis were 38 phase 1 UC patients who received single or 3 monthly doses of etrolizumab intravenously or subcutaneously across a dose range of 0.3 to 10 mg/kg. A quasi–steady‐state target‐mediated drug disposition model was developed to describe the dynamic interaction between serum etrolizumab concentration and free β7 receptors on intestinal‐homing CD4+T lymphocytes in UC patients. The time profiles of serum etrolizumab and absolute counts of β7+lymphocytes (expressed as percentage of baseline level) were well described by the quasi–steady‐state target‐mediated drug disposition model. The model was able to characterize the maximum drug occupancy of β7 receptors on intestinal‐homing CD4+T lymphocytes and the concentration‐dependent duration of occupancy. The 90% effective concentration for etrolizumab to saturate the β7 receptors on intestinal homing CD4+T cells was 1.3 μg/mL. PK and PD profiles predicted by the model were consistent with observations from a subsequent phase 2 study. In conclusion, an integrated PK/PD model developed in this analysis reasonably described serum etrolizumab PK profiles and the relationship between PK and PD (free β7 receptors on circulating intestinal‐homing CD4+T lymphocytes) in UC patients.
The Effect of Food or Omeprazole on the Pharmacokinetics of Osimertinib in Patients With Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer and in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Vishwanathan Karthick , Dickinson Paul A. , Bui Khanh , Cassier Philippe A. , Greystoke Alastair , Lisbon Eleanor , Moreno Victor , So Karen , Thomas Karen , Weilert Doris , Yap Timothy A. , Plummer Ruth 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTwo phase 1, open‐label studies assessed the impact of food or gastric pH modification (omeprazole) on the exposure and safety/tolerability of osimertinib and its metabolites. The food effect study was an open‐label, 2‐period crossover study in patients with advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer, randomized into 2 treatment sequences: single‐dose osimertinib 80 mg in a fed then fasted state or fasted then fed. The gastric pH study was an open‐label, 2‐period fixed sequence study assessing the effect of omeprazole on osimertinib exposure in healthy male volunteers. In period 1, volunteers received omeprazole 40 mg (days 1‐4), then omeprazole 40 mg plus osimertinib 80 mg (day 5). In period 2, volunteers received osimertinib 80 mg alone (single dose). Blood samples were collected at prespecified time points for pharmacokinetic analyses. Safety/tolerability was also assessed. In the food effect study 38 patients were randomized to fed/fasted (n = 18) or fasted/fed (n = 20) sequences with all patients completing treatment. Coadministration with food did not affect osimertinib exposure (geometric least‐squares mean ratios [90% confidence intervals]: 106.05% [94.82%, 118.60%] [area under the plasma concentration time curve from zero to 72 hours] and 92.75% [81.40%, 105.68%] [maximum plasma concentration]). In the gastric pH study (n = 68 received treatment, n = 47 completed the study), coadministration with omeprazole did not affect osimertinib exposure (geometric least‐squares mean ratios 106.66% [100.26%, 113.46%] [area under the concentration‐time curve], 101.65% [94.65%, 109.16%] [peak concentration]). Osimertinib was well tolerated in both studies. Osimertinib may be administered without regard to food. Dose restriction is not required in patients whose gastric pH may be altered by concomitant agents or medical conditions. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02224053, NCT02163733.
Thoroughly dispersed colorings
Authors: Goddard Wayne , Henning Michael A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe consider (not necessarily proper) colorings of the vertices of a graph where every color is thoroughly dispersed, that is, appears in every open neighborhood. Equivalently, every color is a total dominating set. We define as the maximum number of colors in such a coloring and as the fractional version thereof. In particular, we show that every claw‐free graph with minimum degree at least two has and this is best possible. For planar graphs, we show that every triangular disc has and this is best possible, and that every planar graph has and this is best possible, while we conjecture that every planar triangulation has . Further, although there are arbitrarily large examples of connected, cubic graphs with , we show that for a connected cubic graph . We also consider the related concepts in hypergraphs.