bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Costume in carnival: Social performance, rank and status
Authors: Cremona Vicki Ann 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This article deals with the range and evolution of costume in organized and spontaneous carnivals in Malta during the British colonial period (1800–1964). It discusses the performative qualities of carnival costume. The article also delves into the type of connections that can be made between costume, social stratification and political power in particular periods of Maltese colonial history. It shows how costume revealed social aspiration or recognition in certain contexts, while also providing a means to play with identity and dissimulation in others. It examines how control and power were affirmed on a micrological level through choice of costume, especially when the latter became subject to prohibition.
Where is the body in the costume design process?
Authors: Dean Sally E. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Sally E. Dean has led the Somatic Movement, Costume & Performance Project in collaboration with costume designers/visual artists Sandra Arròniz Lacunza and Carolina Rieckhof since 2011. This project offers an alternative costume design methodology that starts from the body or ‘soma’ (i.e. a sentient, perceiving person), whereby perception is inherently active and relational. This approach is thus multi-sensorial, somatic and holistic, and is based upon Sally’s background as a somatic practitioner, performer, performance-maker and teacher. This visual essay gives examples from the project’s design approach, working with a live, moving and multi-sensorial body to create Somatic CostumesTM through co-creation, collaboration and participation. Costume designers are actively engaged in trying on materials and costumes through all stages of the process in order to answer the following overarching question: what are the materials/costumes doing to the body (i.e. body image and body schema)? Through these experiential methodologies, the project aims to return and relocate the body into the costume design process.
Expanding approaches to teaching for diversity and social justice in K-12 education: Fostering global citizenship across the content areas
Authors: Tichnor-Wagner Ariel , Parkhouse Hillary , Glazier Jocelyn , Cain Jessie Montana 
Published: May 2016

Educators today must be able to respond to the needs of an increasingly diverse student body and to teach all students the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed for civic participation in a globalized, pluralist society. While state departments of education and national teacher organizations have begun to adopt global awareness in their teaching standards and evaluation tools, educators need to understand what globally competent teachers actually do in classrooms across subject areas and grade levels. This qualitative, multiple case study explores the signature pedagogies (Shulman, 2005) of 10 in-service teachers in one southeastern state who teach for global competence in math, music, science, English, social studies, and language classes across elementary, middle, and high schools. We found three signature pedagogies that characterized globally competent teaching practices across participants: 1) intentional integration of global topics and multiple perspectives into and across the standard curriculum; 2) ongoing authentic engagement with global issues; and 3) connecting teachers’ global experiences, students’ global experiences, and the curriculum. These signature pedagogies provide visions of possibility for concrete practices teachers can adapt to infuse global citizenship education into their own contexts and for policies that school districts and teacher education programs can consider in preparing and supporting teachers in this work.
The use of the saber in the army of Napoleon
Authors: Gevaert Bert 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Though Napoleonic warfare is usually associated with guns and cannons, edged weapons still played an important role on the battlefield. Swords and sabers could dominate battles and this was certainly the case in the hands of experienced cavalrymen. In contrast to gunshot wounds, wounds caused by the saber could be treated quite easily and caused fewer casualties. In 18th and 19th century France, not only manuals about the use of foil and epee were published, but also some important works on the military saber: de Saint Martin, Alexandre Muller… The saber was not only used in individual fights against the enemy, but also as a duelling weapon in the French army.
Effect of the recovery duration of a repeated sprint exercise on the power output, jumping performance and lactate concentration in pre-pubescent soccer players
Authors: Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Knechtle Beat 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Study aim: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of two different recovery durations (2 min versus 5 min) on the physiological responses (power output, stretch-shortening cycle and lactate concentration) to a 5×6 s repeated cycling sprint exercise protocol in pre-pubescent soccer players.

Materials and methods: Twelve male soccer players (age 12.23 ± 0.55 yrs, body mass 43.6 ± 5.5 kg and height 156.1 ± 5.8 cm) performed 5 × 6 s sprints on a cycle ergometer (Ergomedic 874E, Monark, Sweden) against 0.075 times their body mass resistance on two occasions within a week. In one session there was a 2 min recovery and in the other there was a 5 min recovery in a counterbalanced order. A squat jump (SJ) and a countermovement jump (CMJ) were tested before and after each trial, and the eccentric utilisation ratio (EUR) was calculated as CMJ/SJ.

Results: No significant trial × recovery interaction was observed in the participants’ peak power (p = 0.891, η2 = 0.118), mean power (p = 0.910, η2 = 0.106), SJ (p = 0.144, η2 = 0.630), CMJ (p = 0.616, η2 = 0.347) and EUR (p = 0.712, η2 = 0.295). However, a main effect of the trial on the CMJ of a large magnitude (p = 0.006, η2 = 0.862) was found, in which a higher score was recorded in the third trial than in the first trial (23.3 versus 21.8 cm). No differences were found in the lactate concentrations examined 5 min after the end of the protocol between the two recovery conditions (6.7 ± 1.8 vs. 6.0 ± 1.6 mmol · L–1, in the 2 and 5 min recovery, respectively, Cohen’s d = 0.4).

Conclusions: The duration of the passive recovery time (2 min vs. 5 min) in trials of repeated sprints did not induce important changes either to the indices of the jumping performance or to the power output in pre-pubescent participants.
Efficiency of Abdominal Ultrasound and Computer Tomography in Diagnostic and Differential Diagnostic of Focal Liver Lesions
Authors: Vilmanis Janis , Ozolins Arturs , Gardovskis Janis 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Introduction. The liver is a parenchimal abdominal organ with wide variety of primary benign or malignant tumors as well as metastatic tumors.
Aim of the study. Was to evaluate the informativity and usefulness of abdominal ultrasound (US) and computer tomography (CT) imaging results in diagnostics of focal liver lesions.
Material and methods. The study was conducted in Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital. Retrospective analysis of 126 patients with focal liver lesions was performed in the time period of 5 years (2009 till 2014). The medical records of patients with focal liver lesions were analyzed. Primary diagnosis detected by US or CT was evaluated and compared with final morphology after surgical operation or liver biopsy. The obtained results were expressed in percent and analyzed. Sensitivity and specificity of CT scan to detect malignant hepatic lesions was estimated and expressed as percentage with 95% confidence interval.
Results. A total of 126 patients with diagnosed liver lesions were included in the study. 96 patients were in the group with performed liver CT scans, with median age of 58.9 years. 30 patients were included in the group with liver US, with median age of 60.1 years. Liver biopsy under US control was performed for 95 patients, but surgical operations with liver resections for 31 patients. 86 patients had malignant liver lesions, but 40 had benign liver lesions. In the US group primary and final diagnosis agreement was in 26 (87%) cases, but diagnosis disagreement in 4 (13%) cases. Diagnosis disagreement was found in 26 (27.1%) cases in the CT group, but agreement was in 70 (72.9%) cases. Overall sensitivity of CT to detect malignant hepatic lesions was 95.2% (95%CI 86.7-98.3%) and specificity was 64.7% (95%CI 47.9-78.5%).
Conclusions. CT is a good imaging method for detection of focal liver lesions. In case of unclear diagnosis, percutaneous liver puncture biopsy is recommended. It is mandatory to develop a unified CT scan and US investigation protocol to improve the quality of investigation as well as further treatment tactics.
Solitary and Multiple Meningiomas: an Immunohistochemical Comparison
Authors: Vikmane Baiba , Jakovlevs Arvids , Vanags Andrejs , Strumfa Ilze 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Introduction. Meningiomas are common primary tumors of brain meninges. These neoplasms develop from arachnoid cap cells and are multiple in 1 - 10% cases. Occasionally, significantly higher multiplicity rates have been reported, at least partially due to the increased application of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostics of intracranial pathologies. Meningiomas generally express progesterone receptors, but only few studies have focused on sex hormone receptor differences between solitary and multiple meningiomas. Similarly, there is limited information on cell proliferation and adhesion factors in solitary and multiple meningiomas.
Aim of the study. Was to evaluate the immunohistochemical differences in sex hormone receptor expression, cell proliferation and adhesion within solitary and multiple meningiomas.
Material and methods. In a retrospective study, 11 consecutive multiple meningiomas and 20 grade-matched solitary meningiomas were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), Ki-67 and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). IHC was followed by quantitative microscopic evaluation. Descriptive and inferential statistics was applied including confidence interval (CI) analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearmen correlation by IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 software; p values less than 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant.
Results. Although PR were found in all samples, the mean expression was significantly lower in multiple meningiomas (p = 0.03): 30.0% (95% CI: 10.4 - 49.8) versus 70.6% (95% CI: 56.6 - 84.7) in solitary meningiomas. ER were invariably absent in both groups. The proliferation index did not differ in solitary and multiple tumors. There was a trend (p = 0.07) to higher mean expression of NCAM in multiple meningiomas than in control group: 48.3% (95% CI: 25.8 - 70.8) versus 24.6% (95% CI: 13.2 - 36.0), respectively. The multiple meningiomas showed diverse histological types and immunophenotypes in up to 33.3% patients.
Conclusions. Multiple meningiomas are characterized by significant down-regulation of PR and up-regulation of NCAM. The last finding can indicate neural differentiation and/ or peculiarities of cell adhesion and signaling that facilitate multifocal proliferation. Diverse histological types as well as PR and NCAM expression in separate meningiomas within same patient indicate independent multicentric origin.
Successful Treatment of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome by Percutaneous Embolisation of Left Ovarian Vein
Authors: Petrovica Marija , Strumfa Ilze , Thora Svetlana , Vanags Andrejs 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is a frequently undiagnosed pathology, affecting mainly young women. According to literature, about one third of all women have this condition. The main symptoms include chronic pelvic pain, varicose pelvic veins, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. The etiology of PCS is associated with valvular insufficiency in ovarian and pelvic veins. There are four main diagnostic methods: duplex ultrasound evaluation, computed tomography, magnetic resonance angiography including venous phase investigation and digital subtraction angiography. Nowadays percutaneous transcatheter embolization is an effective and safe treatment for ovarian vein reflux and thus PCS. In order to emphasize the need and possibilities to diagnose and treat PCS appropriately, here we present a well-documented case of PCS that was successfully cured by percutaneous transcatheter embolization.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activating Mutations in Squamous Histology of Lung Cancer Patients of Southern Bulgaria
Authors: Genova Silvia N. , Bichev Stoian N. , Kanarev Vladimir G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThere is only limited data on the prevalence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activating mutations in squamous cell carcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas of the lung in patients of the Southern Bulgarian region and the efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. AIM: Previous reports for Bulgarian population showed high incidence of EGFR mutations in the squamous cell carcinomas, so we set the goal to investigate their frequency in Southern Bulgaria, after precise immunohistochemical verification of lung cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-six lung carcinomas were included in this prospective study. All biopsies were initially analysed with p63, TTF1, Napsin A, CK7, CK34βE12, synaptophysin, CK20 and CDX2. Two hundred and twenty-five non-small cell lung carcinomas were studied with real-time PCR technology to assess the status of the EGFR gene. RESULTS: We detected 132 adenocarcinomas (58.7%), 89 squamous cell carcinomas (39.2%), 4 adenosquamous carcinomas (1.8%), 9 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (3.8%) and 2 metastatic colorectal adenocarcinomas (0.8%). Activating mutations in the EGF receptor had 3 out of 89 squamous cell carcinomas (3.37%). We have established mutations in L858R, deletion in exon 19 and rare mutation in S7681. One out of four adenosquamous carcinomas had a point mutation in the L858R (25%). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of EGFR mutations we found in lung squamous cell carcinomas in a Southern Bulgarian region is lower than that in European countries. Ethnic diversity in the region does not play role of an independent predictive factor in terms of mutation frequency.
25 Hydroxyvitamin D and Cytokines in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Slavov Georgi Sv. , Manova Maria G. , Trenova Anastasia G. , Kostadinova Ivanka I. , Pavlov Pavel I. , Mateva Nonka G. , Zahariev Zahari I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractINTRODUCTION: Clinical trials of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have produced inconsistent results for the profile of cytokine secretion in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with multiple sclerosis during periods of relapse and remission. Epidemiological and clinical observations data reveal an association of the changes in vitamin D serum concentration with the risk of developing MS. AIM: To evaluate changes in serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, IL17, IFN-gamma, TGFβ1, IL4, IL10 in relapse and remission and their correlation with the severity of disability. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-three persons (30 clinically healthy controls and 23 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis) living between 41° and 42° northern latitude were registered during the astronomical winter period (October 2012- May 2013). -Patients were diagnosed according to Mc Donald 2010 criteria. The degree of neurological deficit was assessed by EDSS. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D (nmol/l) and cytokines (pg/ml) were tested by ELISA - once for controls and twice for patients (during relapse and remission). RESULTS: In the studied population average levels of 25(OH)D were close to insufficiency, most pronounced in patients in relapse, as differences were not statistically significant. A reverse correlation was found between the levels of 25(OH)D and the deficit in relapse and remission. Concentrations of TGFβ1 significantly increased in remission compared with exacerbation and controls. Serum level of IL4 was significantly lower in relapse compared with controls. In remission there was a marked tendency of increase compared with exacerbation. During clinical improvement IL17 and IFN-gamma tended to decrease compared to the average levels in relapse. In both periods, the average concentrations of IFN-gamma in patients were significantly lower compared with controls. No statistically significant differences were found comparing cytokine changes with those of 25(OH)D and deficit. CONCLUSION: Persistent cytokine imbalance in patients compared with controls is a marker for Th1-mediated CNS demyelination. Anti-inflammatory TGFβ1, IL4 are indicators of immune response intensity. The deficit severity does not depend on changes of the tested cytokines, but correlates with 25(OH)D levels during periods of relapse and remission.
Discrepancies between Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Fluorescein Angiography in Detecting Uveitic Macular Edema
Authors: Mitkova-Hristova Vesela T. , Konareva-Kostianeva Marieta I. , Balian Arsenia M. , Stoyanova Nina S. , Semerdzhieva Maria A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAIM: To compare spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with fluorescein angiography (FA) in detecting macular edema in patients with uveitis and analyse discrepancies in the findings obtained by the two methods. METHODS: The study included 133 eyes from 117 patients with uveitis that had SD-OCT (RTVue-100/ Optovue) and FA (Topcon TRC 50DX) scans performed to detect or rule out macular edema. RESULTS: Macular edema was found in 57 (42.9%) of the 133 surveyed eyes. In 37 eyes (27.8%) macular edema was confirmed by both imaging methods. In 17 eyes (12.8%) macular edema was detected on SD-OCT but not on FA;in 15 eyes of these the edema was diffuse, and in 2 eyes - serous retinal detachment was verified in the macular area. Focal macular edema was detected on FA in three eyes (2.3%) in which SD-OCT showed normal finding. In 76 eyes (57.1%) no pathological changes in the macula were observed on both SD-OCT and FA. Kappa coefficient was 0.675 at p < 0.001. The agreement rate between the two methods calculated using Kendall’s tau-b was 0.693 at p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: Fluorescein angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography are highly sensitive methods used in detecting macular edema in patients with uveitis, but they might fail to be efficient in this if used independently. Optical coherence tomography is a more informative method, especially in diagnosing diffuse macular edema.
Physical Improvement and Biological Maturity of Young Athletes (11-12 Years) with Systematic Training
Authors: Tilkeridis Konstantinos E. , Theodorou Evaggelos F. , Papathanasiou Jannis V. , Chloropoulou Pelagia A. , Trypsianis Grigorios A. , Tokmakidis Savvas P. , Kazakos Konstantinos I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the infl uence of systematic training in physical growth and biological maturity in prepubertal males and estimate how this affects the physical growth and skeletal maturity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 177 primary school students of the fifth and sixth grade, from schools in Alexandroupolis, participated voluntarily in our study. Questionnaires were used in order to measure physical activity levels. The subjects were subdivided into two groups; control group (prepubertal, whose physical activity was the physical education of their school and which had never participated in systematic training, n = 95) and experimental group (prepubertal, whose weekly physical activity included physical education in their schools and additionally 3-4 training units organized training in various sports clubs in the city, n = 82). The following parameters were recorded: biological age measured by determination of skeletal age; bone density measured by ultrasound methods; anthropometric and morphological features such as height, body composition, selected diameters, circumferences and skinfolds; motor ability features. RESULTS: The experimental group exhibited older biological age (p = 0.033), higher bone density (p < 0.001), lower BMI and body fat (p < 0.001), better anthropometric features and higher performance throughout all motor ability tests (p < 0.05), compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that systematic physical activity has a positive effect on both the physical and biological maturity of pre-pubertal children. This effect is mainly expressed in bone strengthening as a result of the increased bone density and in improvement of the kinetic skills of pupils who participated in organized extracurricular sport-activities.
Evaluation of Acute Exogenous Hypoxia Impact on the Fraction of Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Healthy Males
Authors: Dimov Peter K. , Marinov Blagoi I. , Ilchev Ilcho S. , Taralov Zdravko Z. , Kostianev Stefan S. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Exogenous hypoxia increases ventilation and contracts the pulmonary vessels. Whether those factors change the values of nitric oxide in exhaled air has not yet been evaluated. Objective: To examine the effect of exogenous normobaric hypoxia on the values of the fraction of nitric oxide in exhaled breath (FeNO). Subjects аnd Methods: Twenty healthy non-smoker males at mean age of 25.4 (SD = 3.7) were tested. The basal FeNO values were compared with those at 7 min. and 15 min. after introducing into the hypoxic environment (hypoxic tent), imitating atmospheric air with oxygen concentration corresponding to 3200 m above sea level. Exhaled breath temperature was measured at baseline and at 10-12 min. of the hypoxic exposition. Heart rate and oxygen saturation were registered by pulse-oximetry. Results: All the subjects had FeNO values in the reference range. The mean baseline value was 14.0 ± 3.2 ppb, and in hypoxic conditions - 15.5 ± 3.8 ppb (7 min.) and 15.3 ± 3.6 ppb (15 min.), respectively, as the elevation is statistically significant (p = 0.011 and p = 0.008). The values of exhaled breath temperature were 33.79 ± 1.55°С and 33.87 ± 1.83°С (p = 0.70) at baseline and in hypoxic conditions, respectively. Baseline oxygen saturation in all subjects was higher than that, measured in hypoxia (96.93 ± 1.29% vs. 94.27 ± 2.53%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Exogenous hypoxia leads to an increase of FeNO values, but does not affect the exhaled breath temperature.
The Acute Effect of the Antioxidant Drug U-74389G on Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Levels During Hypoxia Reoxygenation Injury in Rats
Authors: Tsompos Constantinos , Panoulis Constantinos , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Zografos George , Papalois Apostolos 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The AIM of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of the antioxidant drug “U-74389G” in a rat model of hypoxia reoxygenation (HR) using the previously established protocol. Effects of treatment were evaluated by mean red blood cell distribution width (RDW) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 rats of a mean weight of 231.875 g were employed in the study. RDW levels were determined at 60 min (groups A and C) and at 120 min (groups B and D) after starting the reoxygenation. Groups A and B received no drugs, whereas rats from groups C and D were administered with U-74389G. RESULTS: demonstrated that U-74389G administration significantly decreased the RDW levels by 4.96% + 2.27% (p = 0.0175). Reoxygenation time non-significantly decreased the RDW levels by 0.27% + 2.41% (p = 0.8889). Together, U-74389G administration and reoxygenation time non-significantly decreased the RDW levels by 2.54% + 1.39% (p = 0.0679). CONCLUSIONS: U-74389G administration particulary in concert without reperfusion declines the RDW levels even within the short - time context of 1.5 hours reperfusion.