bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species‐delimitation and phylogenetic analyses of some cosmopolitan species of Hypnea (Rhodophyta) reveal synonyms and misapplied names to H. cervicornis, including a new species from Brazil
Authors: de Jesus Priscila Barreto , Nauer Fabio , Lyra Goia de Mattos , Cassano Valéria , Oliveira Mariana Cabral , Nunes José Marcos de Castro , Schnadelbach Alessandra Selbach 
Published: June 2016

Hypnea has an intricate nomenclatural history due to a wide pantropical distribution and considerable morphological variation. Recent molecular studies have provided further clarification on the systematics of the genus; however, species of uncertain affinities remain due to flawed taxonomic identification. Detailed analyses coupled with literature review indicated a strong relationship among H. aspera, H. cervicornis, H. flexicaulis, and H. tenuis, suggesting a need for further taxonomic studies. Here, we analyzed sequences from two molecular markers (COI‐5P and rbcL) and performed several DNA‐based delimitation methods (mBGD, ABGD, SPN, PTP and GMYC). These molecular approaches were contrasted with morphological and phylogenetic evidence from type specimens and/or topotype collections of related species under a conservative approach. Our results demonstrate that H. aspera and H. flexicaulis represent heterotypic synonyms of H. cervicornis and indicate the existence of a misidentified Hypnea species, widely distributed on the Brazilian coast, described here as a new species: H. brasiliensis. Finally, inconsistencies observed among our results based on six different species delimitation methods evidence the need for adequate sampling and marker choice for different methods.
Vaccination with recombinant RgpA peptide protects against Porphyromonas gingivalis‐induced bone loss
Authors: Wilensky A. , Potempa J. , Houri‐Haddad Y. , Shapira L. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveFollowing Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in mice, the efficacy of vaccination by recombinant and native RgpA in modulating the early local anti‐inflammatory and immune responses and periodontal bone loss were examined.Material and MethodsUsing the subcutaneous chamber model, exudates were analyzed for cytokines after treatment with native RgpA and adjuvant (test), or adjuvant and saline alone (controls). Mice were also immunized with recombinant RgpA after being orally infected with P. gingivalis. After 6 wk, serum was examined for anti‐P. gingivalis IgG1 and IgG2a titers and for alveolar bone resorption.ResultsImmunization with native RgpA shifted the immune response toward an anti‐inflammatory response as demonstrated by decreased proinflammatory cytokine IL‐1β production and greater anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐4 in chamber exudates. Systemically, immunization with recombinant RgpA peptide prevented alveolar bone loss by 50%, similar to immunization with heat‐killed whole bacteria. Furthermore, recombinant RgpA shifted the humoral response toward high IgG1 and low IgG2a titers, representing an in vivo anti‐inflammatory response.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates the potential of RgpA to shift the early local immune response toward an anti‐inflammatory response while vaccination with recRgpA protected against P. gingivalis‐induced periodontitis.
A Comparison Between Young and Elderly Adults Investigating the Manual and Oral Capabilities During the Eating Process
Authors: Laguna Laura , Aktar Tugba , Ettelaie Rammile , Holmes Melvin , Chen Jianshe 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe adequacy of food handling and eating performance is vital for human survival and well‐being. However, physiological weakness due to ageing can often lead to compromised living. This work investigated quantifiable parameters to find associations between age and the eating capability in young (n = 36) and elderly sample populations (n = 40). The primary focus was to evaluate the strength of hand (hand and finger grip), mouth (tongue pressure) and the capability of texture discrimination (touch sensitivity and gel firmness). It was observed that, with age increment, there was a decrease in all measured forces (hand, finger, tongue) and an increased threshold in the texture discrimination (tactile and pair comparison test); the most decreased capability was observed in elderly women. Further statistical analyses show that hand grip force was related to finger force, tongue pressure and texture discrimination. These results demonstrate that a clear physiological separation exists between the two age groups and that the eating capability of an elderly individual can be objectively evaluated.Practical ApplicationsIt is well understood that the elderly population is particularly vulnerable to malnutrition through decreased appetite which as a consequence affects health status. The level of proficiency in the associated food manipulation, mastication and deglutition executed during the process correlate with the eating proficiency or capability. To date, to the authors knowledge, there are no studies which address the eating capacity of the elderly population. It was observed that with increasing age, a corresponding decrease in deliverable force using the hand, finger and tongue was noted. Accompanying these findings, an increase in the threshold in texture discrimination (i.e., tactile and pair‐wise comparison tests) was also found with the elderly female group exhibiting the greatest reduction in capacity. The findings in this work offer objective measures with which to develop novel foods specifically aimed at improving nutritional products for the elderly.
Invasion of novel habitats uncouples haplo‐diplontic life cycles
Authors: Krueger‐Hadfield Stacy A. , Kollars Nicole M. , Byers James E. , Greig Thomas W. , Hammann Mareike , Murray David C. , Murren Courtney J. , Strand Allan E. , Terada Ryuta , Weinberger Florian , Sotka Erik E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBaker's Law predicts uniparental reproduction will facilitate colonization success in novel habitats. While evidence supports this prediction among colonizing plants and animals, few studies have investigated shifts in reproductive mode in haplo‐diplontic species in which both prolonged haploid and diploid stages separate meiosis and fertilization in time and space. Due to this separation, asexual reproduction can yield the dominance of one of the ploidy stages in colonizing populations. We tested for shifts in ploidy and reproductive mode across native and introduced populations of the red seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla. Native populations in the northwest Pacific Ocean were nearly always attached by holdfasts to hard substrata and, as is characteristic of the genus, haploid–diploid ratios were slightly diploid‐biased. In contrast, along North American and European coastlines, introduced populations nearly always floated atop soft‐sediment mudflats and were overwhelmingly dominated by diploid thalli without holdfasts. Introduced populations exhibited population genetic signals consistent with extensive vegetative fragmentation, while native populations did not. Thus, the ecological shift from attached to unattached thalli, ostensibly necessitated by the invasion of soft‐sediment habitats, correlated with shifts from sexual to asexual reproduction and slight to strong diploid bias. We extend Baker's Law by predicting other colonizing haplo‐diplontic species will show similar increases in asexuality that correlate with the dominance of one ploidy stage. Labile mating systems likely facilitate colonization success and subsequent range expansion, but for haplo‐diplontic species, the long‐term eco‐evolutionary impacts will depend on which ploidy stage is lost and the degree to which asexual reproduction is canalized.
Primacy of lowered baseline glomerular filtration rate as a risk for incident chronic kidney disease: A longitudinal study in Japanese subjects
Authors: Miyakoshi Takahiro , Nakasone Yasuto , Sato Yuka , Yamauchi Keishi , Hashikura Rie , Takayama Masayuki , Hirabayashi Kazuko , Koike Hideo , Moriya Tatsumi , Aizawa Toru 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimRisk profile for incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Japanese subjects has not been established. Our aim was to identify risk factors for CKD in Japanese.MethodsConsecutive 171 536 health examinees (median age 49 years and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 78.2 mL/min per 1.73 m2) without CKD were re‐examined after a median period of 6.2 years. Results of Cox proportional hazards models in randomly assigned two thirds (Derivation cohort) were verified in the rest (Validation cohort). CKD was defined as eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or positive dipstick proteinuria.ResultsIn the Derivation cohort, CKD developed in 1002 (5.8%) subjects. Seven variables such as lower eGFR, male gender, higher uric acid concentration, lower red cell count and higher age and systolic blood pressure were identified as significant risks for CKD, with lowered eGFR being an overwhelmingly strong risk: adjusted hazard ratio for those with the baseline eGFR <70 mL/min per 1.73 m2 was as high as 90.1. Performance of prediction of CKD by the probability on the basis of the seven risk factors combined was only marginally preferable to eGFR alone. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% CI) for the prediction was 0.846 (0.826–0.864) and 0.822 (0.802–0.840) (P < 0.01), the kappa statistic was 0.263 and 0.250 (n.s.), and the mean absolute difference between “predicted probability” and “observed” CKD was 1.4% and 1.9% (P = 0.14) by the combined model and eGFR alone, respectively.ConclusionSeven risk factors for incident CKD were identified in Japanese health examinees. However, lowered baseline eGFR outweighed other risks to the degree that eGFR alone was suffice for CKD prediction.
Impact of the induced organic anion transporter 1 (Oat1) renal expression by furosemide on the pharmacokinetics of organic anions
Authors: Severin María Julia , Hazelhoff María Herminia , Bulacio Romina Paula , Mamprin María Eugenia , Brandoni Anabel , Torres Adriana Mónica 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimFurosemide is a loop diuretic. Different authors demonstrated that continuous administration of furosemide modulates the expression of organic anion transporters. This study was undertaken to simultaneously evaluate the effects of furosemide pretreatment on organic anion transporter 1 (Oat1) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) renal expressions, on p‐aminohippurate (PAH) pharmacokinetics and on renal and urinary PAH levels in rats.MethodsMale Wistar rats were treated with furosemide (6 mg/100 g body weight per day, subcutaneously, 4 days) (treated group) or saline (control group). On the fifth day, PAH was administered as a bolus infusion in the femoral vein, and plasma samples were obtained from femoral artery at different time points. PAH levels in renal tissue and urine were also assessed. Renal Oat1 and Mrp2 expressions were evaluated by western blotting.ResultsFurosemide pretreatment increased both the expression of Oat1 and Mrp2. PAH plasma concentrations decreased following a biexponential function. The furosemide‐treated group showed higher PAH plasma levels, a lower systemic clearance and elimination rate constant from the peripheral compartment, indicating that PAH renal elimination was decreased. PAH levels in renal tissue were significantly elevated and in urine appeared to be significantly lower as compared with control animals.ConclusionsFurosemide pretreatment caused a significant decrease of PAH renal elimination, despite Oat1 and Mrp2 augmented renal expression.The goal of the present study is the addition of important information in the wide gap of knowledge that exists about drug–drug interactions. Because of furosemide worldwide use, the data obtained are interesting and useful in terms of translation to clinical practice.
Effects of hemin on heme oxygenase‐1, gastric emptying, and symptoms in diabetic gastroparesis
Authors: Bharucha A. E. , Daley S. L. , Low P. A. , Gibbons S. J. , Choi K. M. , Camilleri M. , Saw J. J. , Farrugia G. , Zinsmeister A. R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic options for management of diabetic gastroparesis are limited. Failure to maintain upregulation of heme oxygenase (HO1) leads to loss of interstitial cells of Cajal and delayed gastric emptying (GE) in non‐obese diabetic mice. Our hypothesis was that hemin upregulation of HO1 would restore normal GE in humans with gastroparesis.AimsTo compare effects of hemin and placebo infusions on HO1 activity and protein, GE, autonomic function, and gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetic gastroparesis.MethodsIn a single‐center, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial, we compared intravenous hemin, prepared in albumin, or albumin alone (placebo) in 20 patients, aged 41 ± 5 (SEM) years with diabetic gastroparesis. After infusions on days 1, 3, and 7, weekly infusions were administered for 7 additional weeks. Assessments included blood tests for HO1 protein and enzyme activity levels, GE with 13C‐spirulina breath test, autonomic functions (baseline and end), and gastrointestinal symptoms every 2 weeks.Key ResultsNine of 11 patients randomized to hemin completed all study procedures. Compared to placebo, hemin increased HO1 protein on days 3 (p = 0.0002) and 7 (p = 0.008) and HO1 activity on day 3 (p = 0.0003) but not after. Gastric emptying, autonomic functions, and symptoms did not differ significantly in the hemin group relative to placebo.Conclusions & InferencesHemin failed to sustain increased HO1 levels beyond a week and did not improve GE or symptoms in diabetic gastroparesis. Further studies are necessary to ascertain whether more frequent hemin infusions or other drugs would have a more sustained effect on HO1 and improve GE.
High‐resolution colonic motility recordings in vivo compared with ex vivo recordings after colectomy, in patients with slow transit constipation
Authors: Dinning P. G. , Sia T. C. , Kumar R. , Mohd Rosli R. , Kyloh M. , Wattchow D. A. , Wiklendt L. , Brookes S. J. H. , Costa M. , Spencer N. J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe pathogenesis of slow transit constipation (STC) remains poorly understood, with intrinsic and extrinsic abnormalities implicated. Here, we present high‐resolution colonic manometry recordings from four STC patients recorded before total colectomy, and subsequently, ex vivo, after excision.MethodsIn four female, treatment‐resistant STC patients (median age 35.5 years), a fiber‐optic manometry catheter (72 sensors spaced at 1 cm intervals) was placed with the aid of a colonoscope, to the mid‐transverse colon. Colonic manometry was recorded 2 h before and after a meal. After the colectomy, ex vivo colonic manometry was recorded in an organ bath. Ex vivo recordings were also made from colons from 4 patients (2 male; median age 67.5 years) undergoing anterior resection for nonobstructive carcinoma (‘control’ tissue).Key ResultsA large increase in ‘short single propagating contractions’ was recorded in STC colon ex vivo compared to in vivo (ex vivo 61.3 ± 32.7 vs in vivo 2.5 ± 5/h). In STC patients, in vivo, the dominant frequency of contractile activity was 2–3 cycle per minute (cpm), whereas 1‐cpm short‐single propagating contractions dominated ex vivo. This same 1‐cpm frequency was also dominant in control colons ex vivo.Conclusions & InferencesIn comparison to control adults, the colon of STC patients demonstrates significantly less propagating motor activity. However, once the STC colon is excised from the body it demonstrates a regular and similar frequency of propagating activity to control tissue. This paper provides interesting insights into the control of colonic motor patterns.
Fundamentals, non‐fundamentals and the oil price changes in 2007–2009 and 2014–2015
Authors: Javan Afshin , Vallejo Carola 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe fast increase in oil prices in the past 15 years and the spectacular fall in 2008 and in 2014 has led to the rethinking of supply and demand as the only determinant price. It has been observed in the last decade that large financial institutions, hedge funds, index funds and other investment funds invest billions of dollars in the futures market benefiting from the changes in oil prices. We considered the net long position of each trader category in the New York Mercantile Exchange to estimate, through the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the impact of each category on oil price and on volatility. Similarly, we also consider quarterly world oil demand, supply, inventories and industrial production from 1993 and 2015. The results show that fundamental variables have a strong and long‐lasting relationship with oil price. Unlike the fundamental variables, the non‐fundamental variables very quickly became stable and react in a different way when the prices of oil rise and fall. The results show that the main factor for the increase of the price in 2008 was the higher than expected demand. For the 2014 decline the VECM shows that supply is the main force behind it. The non‐fundamental variables together can explain almost 11 per cent of the variations of the price in 2008–2009. However, for the 2014–2015 period, the non‐fundamental combined explained only 5 per cent. The non‐fundamental have low share in the changes in oil price despite having a strong effect on volatility.
Successful Treatment of Keratosis Pilaris Rubra with Pulsed Dye Laser
Authors: Schoch Jennifer J. , Tollefson Megha M. , Witman Patricia , Davis Dawn M.R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundKeratosis pilaris rubra is a common but rarely reported condition characterized by follicular‐based hyperkeratotic papules on a background of erythema. It can be embarrassing and symptomatic for patients, particularly adolescent boys. We sought to explore the efficacy of pulsed dye laser (PDL) in the treatment of keratosis pilaris rubra.MethodsEight patients were treated with PDL for keratosis pilaris rubra.ResultsAll patients reported noticeable improvement after one to four treatments.ConclusionsPDL is an effective, easily accessible, and underused therapy in the treatment of keratosis pilaris rubra.
Inguinal hernia in very low‐birthweight infants: Follow up to adolescence
Authors: Kurobe Masashi , Baba Yuji , Otsuka Masahiko 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study reviewed the medical records of very low‐birthweight infants (VLBWI) followed up to adolescence, with emphasis on inguinal hernia (IH), to discuss the ideal time for IH repair in VLBWI.MethodsMedical records from 274 VLBWI treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between 1994 and 1999 were collected retrospectively. Outpatient data after NICU discharge were included. Additionally, a follow‐up study was undertaken via questionnaire sent to the families of VLBWI in 2011.ResultsDuring NICU hospitalization, IH was diagnosed in 39 of 274 VLBWI, and two developed incarceration. Thirty‐eight VLBWI were discharged with known hernia, and elective repair was performed in 19. Three developed incarceration before elective repair at the mean age of 316 days. In the remaining 18 cases of IH, spontaneous regression occurred at a mean age of 180 days and repair was not performed. New IH appeared in 25 VLBWI after NICU discharge.ConclusionsThe high incidence of IH in VLBWI was confirmed during follow up to adolescence. The rate of incarceration was low and the incidence of spontaneous regression was high. Observation up to 6 months without surgery, with the expectation of spontaneous regression, is one option to avoid unnecessary surgery, but repair should be performed before 10 months to reduce the risk of incarceration. Further large, prospective, and randomized controlled studies with a long follow up are necessary to validate the present results and to define the ideal time for IH repair in VLBWI.
Something's gotta go, something's gotta give: completion, mirativity and transitivity in odia light verb constructions
Authors: Lemmens Maarten , Sahoo Kalyanamalini 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper deals with asymmetric complex predicates (combining a main verb and a ‘light’ verb) in Odia, an Indo‐Aryan language. The main focus is on the two most common light verbs ‐jaa ‘go’ and ‐de ‘give’. We argue that these light verbs are constructions in their own right affecting the interpretation of the event in two ways: (i) they necessarily refer to the completion of the event (as opposed to the single verb construction) and (ii) they typically express unexpectedness or abruptness and can as such be considered a mirative construction as defined by Delancey (2012). Transitivity plays a major role not only in the distinction between ‐jaa ‘go’ and ‐de ‘give’ but also in differences of degree of completion and unexpectedness.
Peptide inhibitor of complement C1 modulates acute intravascular hemolysis of mismatched red blood cells in rats
Authors: Kumar Parvathi S. , Pallera Haree K. , Hair Pamela S. , Rivera Magdielis Gregory , Shah Tushar A. , Werner Alice L. , Lattanzio Frank A. , Cunnion Kenji M. , Krishna Neel K. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDAcute hemolytic transfusion reactions have a broad clinical presentation from mild and transitory signs and symptoms to shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal failure, and death. We have recently developed a rat model of acute intravascular hemolysis showing that the classical complement pathway mediates antibody‐dependent hemolysis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the classical pathway inhibitor peptide inhibitor of complement C1 (PIC1) in this animal model.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSMale Wistar rats received a 15% transfusion of human red blood cells (RBCs) and blood was isolated from the animals up to 120 minutes. Animals received PIC1 either 2 minutes before or 0.5 minutes after transfusion. Sham‐, vehicle‐, and cobra venom factor (CVF)‐treated animals were used as control groups with a subset of rats also receiving an equivalent dose of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) before transfusion. Blood was analyzed for transfused RBC survival by flow cytometry and free hemoglobin (Hb) in isolated plasma by spectrophotometry.RESULTSVehicle‐treated rats showed decreased human RBC survival and increased free Hb as expected. Rats receiving PIC1 before transfusion showed increased human RBC survival and decreased Hb similar to CVF‐treated rats. Notably, rats receiving PIC1 after initiation of transfusion showed similar decreases in hemolysis as animals receiving PIC1 before transfusion. Compared to IVIG and saline controls, PIC1‐treated animals demonstrated decreased hemolysis and protection from acute kidney injury.CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate that PIC1 has efficacy in an animal model of acute intravascular hemolysis in both prevention and rescue scenarios.
Editorial practice and the progressive in Black South African English
Authors: KRUGER HAIDEE , VAN ROOY BERTUS 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTInnovative linguistic features occur in Outer and Expanding Circle varieties of English, leading to claims that new Englishes and learner Englishes form overlapping sets rather than discrete categories. However, less attention is given to the processes by which innovations acquire conventionalised status, in particular with regards to the role of editing of published written texts. We propose a model that incorporates both the proficiency of the writer and editorial intervention to account for the role of editing in the process of conventionalisation and legitimisation of innovative features, which is applied in a case study of the progressive aspect in Black South African English.