bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of translocated greater sage‐grouse to population vital rates
Authors: Duvuvuei Orrin V. , Gruber‐Hadden Natasha W. , Messmer Terry A. , Guttery Michael R. , Maxfield Brian D. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTRange‐wide declines of greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage‐grouse) populations have been attributed to long‐term habitat alteration and fragmentation. In areas that still exhibit suitable habitats and where population declines have been attributed to other threats (e.g., invasive predators), managers have successfully used translocations to augment declining wildlife populations. However, translocations to augment sage‐grouse populations have had limited success and the relative contribution of translocated sage‐grouse to declining populations is not well understood. From 2009 to 2012 we studied the vital rates of 34 resident (21 yearlings and 13 adults) and 60 translocated radio‐marked female sage‐grouse (30 yearlings and 30 adults) on Anthro Mountain in northeastern Utah, USA to determine the relative contributions of each group to population productivity. We used the encounter histories of the monitored sage‐grouse to construct nest survival models for program MARK to assess the impacts of age and residency status on annual survival and overall reproductive success in the population. Annual survival was not affected by age or residency status and averaged 0.40 (95% CI = 0.31–0.50). The yearling newly translocated females (translocated females during their first yr in the release area) exhibited the lowest nest initiation rates (0.50, 95% CI = 0.30–0.69), whereas adult resident and previously translocated (translocated females that survived ≥1 yr in the release area) females had the highest nest initiation (0.96, 95% CI = 0.88–0.99). Overall nest success (0.43, 95% CI = 0.30–0.55) and brood success (0.55, 95% CI = 0.41–0.69) were not affected by residency status or age. The adult resident and previously translocated females exhibited the highest overall reproductive success (0.22, 95% CI = 0.14–0.31) followed by resident yearling females (0.20, 95% CI = 0.12–0.29), and newly translocated adult females (0.18, 95% CI = 0.10–0.27). Newly translocated yearling females had the lowest overall reproductive success (0.12, 95% CI = 0.05–0.18). Survival of adult females is a major factor influencing sage‐grouse population stability. Although adult and yearling newly translocated females had similar survival rates, adult translocated females were more likely to raise a brood in their first year in the release area. Thus, managers should consider translocating a higher ratio of adult to yearling females in future translocation efforts to see a more immediate effect on population growth in the release area. However, because of the low vitals rates recorded in our study, managers should identify and mitigate the limiting factors affecting the resident population prior to implementing a translocation to augment declining populations. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Highly Water‐Soluble Alpha‐Hydroxyalkylphenone Based Photoinitiator for Low‐Migration Applications
Authors: Roth Meinhart , Hennen Daniel , Oesterreicher Andreas , Mostegel Florian , Samusjew Aleksandra , Edler Matthias , Maier Eugen , Griesser Thomas 
Published: April 2017

In this study, the bifunctional hydroxyketone based photoinitiator (PI) 1,1′‐{[(2,3‐dihydroxybutane‐1,4‐diyl)bis(oxy)]bis(4,1‐phenylene)}bis(2‐hydroxy‐2‐methylpropan‐1‐one) (Di‐PI) is synthesized with the aim to facilitate a highly photoactive water‐soluble PI which offers high migration stability. Di‐PI provides a five times higher water‐solubility than the state of the art water soluble PI 2‐hydroxy‐1‐[3‐(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanone (I2959). Photo differential scanning calorimetry (Photo‐DSC) measurements reveal that the curing speed and conversion ofN‐acroylmorpholine (NAM) in aqueous solution containing 0.5 mol% of Di‐PI are only slightly lower than formulations containing the reference PI I2959 in a concentration of 1 mol%. Most importantly, Di‐PI offers almost identical activity in dipropylene glycol diacrylate (DPDA) as I2959, although its migration from cured DPDA is significantly reduced by a factor of 7.6 compared to I2959.image
Branching Analysis of Comb‐Shaped Polystyrene with Long Chain Branches
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Chang Taihyun 
Published: April 2017

Model comb‐shaped polystyrene (PS) samples are synthesized by anionic polymerization and the as‐prepared PS heterogeneous combs are further fractionated by temperature gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC) to obtain well‐defined random combs with 1–4 branches at random positions on a backbone. Size exclusion chromatography‐triple detection and TGIC‐triple detection analyses are carried out with the fractionated PS random combs in a good and a theta solvent, respectively. The experimentally observed geometric contraction factor (g), the ratio of the mean square radius of gyration and the hydrodynamic contraction factor (g′), and the ratio of the intrinsic viscosity are compared. It is observed that the two contraction factors follow the relationship of g′ = gε reasonably well and the exponent ε of the PS combs is found as ∼1 in a good solvent and ∼0.66 in a theta solvent. Furthermore, it is found that the theoretical grw is not in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Static and Dynamic Scaling Close to Gelation in Chain‐Polymerization: Effect of Reactor Type
Authors: Das Chinmay , Read Daniel J. , Soulages Johannes M. , Shirodkar Pradeep P. 
Published: April 2017

Because of the familiarity of gelation theories in polycondensation reaction of multifunctional groups, often the gel‐point is defined as the point of diverging weight averaged molar mass. The authors present an industrially relevant counter‐example to this common perception. Chain‐growth polymerization in realistic reactors introduces history dependent crosslinking probability. For copolymerization of a two functional monomer (ethylene) with a four functional comonomer (nonconjugated diene), the authors show from a Monte Carlo scheme that standard gelation scaling exponents remain valid for a semibatch reactor. However, for syntheses in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), all commonly measured molar mass moments (number, weight and “z”‐averaged moment) remain finite at the gel‐point; the first moment to diverge is the fourth moment. Hence, identification of the gel point from experimental observations is difficult, and cannot be achieved through monitoring of the weight averaged molar mass. The authors use a numerical scheme based on the tube model of polymer melts to predict the rheology of the generated molecules. Stress relaxation follows a power‐law decay, but due to dynamic dilution effects the CSTR resins exhibit much slower increase in the zero shear viscosity as the gel point is approached as compared to the semibatch reactor resins.image
Psychometric properties of the apathy evaluation scale in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lueken Ulrike , Evens Ricarda , Balzer‐Geldsetzer Monika , Baudrexel Simon , Dodel Richard , Gräber‐Sultan Susanne , Hilker‐Roggendorf Rüdiger , Kalbe Elke , Kaut Oliver , Mollenhauer Brit , Reetz Kathrin , Schäffer Eva , Schmidt Nele , Schulz Jörg B. , Spottke Annika , Witt Karsten , Linse Katharina , Storch Alexander , Riedel Oliver 
Published: April 2017

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) frequently entails non‐motor symptoms, worsening the course of the disease. Apathy is one of the core neuropsychiatric symptoms that has been investigated in recent years; research is however hampered by the limited availability of well‐evaluated apathy scales for these patients. We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) in a sample of PD patients. Psychometric properties, convergent and discriminant validity and sensitivity/specificity were evaluated in patients with (n = 582) or without dementia/depression (n = 339). Internal consistency was high in the entire sample as well as in patients without dementia/depression. Correlations were moderate for convergent validity (UPDRS I item 4: motivation). While apathy could be differentiated from cognitive decline, it was related to depression (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS‐15). The overall classification accuracy based on the UPDRS I item 4 was comparable for AES and GDS scores. The AES exhibits good psychometric properties in PD patients with and without dementia and/or depression. Commonly used screenings on the presence of apathy had low detection rates compared to the AES and reflected both apathetic and depressive symptoms. Psychometric evaluation of available instruments will support further research on the clinical relevance of apathy for disease progression and treatment approaches in PD patients.
Pregnant women models analyzed for RF exposure and temperature increase in 3TRF shimmed birdcages
Authors: Murbach Manuel , Neufeld Esra , Samaras Theodoros , Córcoles Juan , Robb Fraser J. , Kainz Wolfgang , Kuster Niels 
Published: April 2017

PurposeMRI is increasingly used to scan pregnant patients. We investigated the effect of 3 Tesla (T) two‐port radiofrequency (RF) shimming in anatomical pregnant women models.Theory and MethodsRF shimming improves B1+ uniformity, but may at the same time significantly alter the induced current distribution and result in large changes in both the level and location of the absorbed RF energy. In this study, we evaluated the electrothermal exposure of pregnant women in the third, seventh, and ninth month of gestation at various imaging landmarks in RF body coils, including modes with RF shimming.ResultsAlthough RF shimmed configurations may lower the local RF exposure for the mother, they can increase the thermal load on the fetus. In worst‐case configurations, whole‐body exposure and local peak temperatures—up to 40.8°C—are equal in fetus and mother.ConclusionsTwo‐port RF shimming can significantly increase the fetal exposure in pregnant women, requiring further research to derive a very robust safety management. For the time being, restriction to the CP mode, which reduces fetal SAR exposure compared with linear‐horizontal polarization modes, may be advisable. Results from this study do not support scanning pregnant patients above the normal operating mode. Magn Reson Med 77:1–1, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
ICS Educational Module: Electromyography in the assessment and therapy of lower urinary tract dysfunction in adults
Authors: Krhut Jan , Zachoval Roman , Rosier Peter F. W. M. , Shelly Beth , Zvara Peter 
Published: April 2017

AimTo present the teaching module “Electromyography in the assessment and therapy of lower urinary tract dysfunction in adults.” This teaching module embodies a presentation, in combination with this manuscript. This manuscript serves as a scientific background review; the evidence base made available on ICS website to summarize current knowledge and recommendations.MethodsThis review has been prepared by a Working Group of The ICS Urodynamics Committee. The methodology used included comprehensive literature review, consensus formation by the members of the Working Group, and review by members of the ICS Urodynamics Committee core panel.ResultsElectromyography (EMG) is a method to record spontaneous or artificially induced electrical activity of the nerve‐muscle unit or to test nerve conductivity. EMG of the anal sphincter using surface electrode is most widely used screening technique to detect detrusor‐sphincter dyssynergia in urology. It is non‐invasive and easy to perform. EMG methods using needle electrodes are reserved for diagnostics in well selected group of mainly neurogenic patients. These methods require expertise in the field of general EMG and are usually performed by neurologist and neuro‐physiologist. The evidence in many aspects of use of EMG in urology remains sparse.ConclusionsCurrently EMG methods rarely play a decision making role in selecting proper treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction. With the current efforts to improve phenotyping of these patients in order to provide individualized treatment, the role of EMG could increase.
The effect of single oral doses of duloxetine, reboxetine, and midodrine on the urethral pressure in healthy female subjects, using urethral pressure reflectometry
Authors: Klarskov Niels , Cerneus Dirk , Sawyer William , Newgreen Donald , van Till Olivier , Lose Gunnar 
Published: April 2017

AimsTo evaluate the effect on urethral pressure of reference drugs known to reduce stress urinary incontinence symptoms by different effect size and mechanisms of action on urethral musculature under four test conditions in healthy female subjects using urethral pressure reflectometry.MethodsHealthy females aged 18‐55 years were recruited by advertising for this phase 1, single site, placebo‐controlled, randomized, four‐period, crossover study. The interventions were single oral doses of 10 mg Midodrine, 80 mg Duloxetine, 12 mg Reboxetine, and placebo. The endpoints were the opening urethral pressure measured in each period at four time points (predose and 2, 5.5, and 9 h after dosing).ResultsTwenty‐nine females were enrolled; 25 randomized and 24 completed the study. The opening urethral pressure was higher in all measurements with filled bladder compared with empty bladder, and during squeezing compared to the resting condition. All three drugs increased the opening urethral pressure during all four conditions with a ranking of their effect on urethral pressure matching their reported clinical effect (difference vs. placebo at their reported time of peak plasma concentrations [Tmax] during resting with filled bladder: Midodrine 9.3 cmH2O [95%CI 3.0, 15.5], Duloxetine 24.2 cmH2O [95%CI 17.9, 30.5], and Reboxetine 44.9 cmH2O [95% CI 40.2, 52.8] cmH2O).ConclusionsUrethral pressure reflectometry is capable of detecting drug‐induced changes in urethral tone in various conditions. The magnitude of drug‐induced changes by the test drugs seems to match their clinical profile and differences in mode of action.
On the inertia of the block H‐matrices
Authors: Kostić V. R. , Cvetković Lj. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe problem of determining matrix inertia is very important in many applications, for example, in stability analysis of dynamical systems. In the (point‐wise) H‐matrix case, it was proven that the diagonal entries solely reveal this information. This paper generalises these results to the block H‐matrix cases for 1, 2, and
matrix norms. The usefulness of the block approach is illustrated on 3 relevant numerical examples, arising in engineering.
Maternal and Child Characteristics Associated With Mother–Child Interaction in One‐Year‐Olds
Authors: Graff J. Carolyn , Bush Andrew J. , Palmer Frederick B. , Murphy Laura E. , Whitaker Toni M. , Tylavsky Frances A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMothers’ interactions with their young children have predicted later child development, behavior, and health, but evidence has been developed mainly in at‐risk clinical samples. An economically and racially diverse sample of pregnant women who were not experiencing a high‐risk pregnancy were recruited to participate in a community‐based, longitudinal study of factors associated with child cognitive and social‐emotional development during the first 3 years. The purpose of the present analysis was to identify associations between the characteristics of 1125 mothers and their 1‐year‐olds and the mothers’ and children's scores on the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS). A multivariable approach was used to identify maternal and child characteristics associated with NCATS scores and to develop prediction models for NCATS total and subscale scores of mothers and children. Child expressive and receptive communication and maternal IQ, marital status, age, and insurance predicted NCATS Mother total score, accounting for 28% of the score variance. Child expressive communication and birth weight predicted the NCATS Child total score, accounting for 4% of variance. Child's expressive communication and mother's IQ and marital status predicted NCATS mother‐child total scores. While these findings were similar to reports of NCATS scores in at‐risk populations, no previous teams examined all of the mother and child characteristics included in this analysis. These findings support the utility of the NCATS for assessing mother‐child interaction and predicting child outcomes in community‐based, non‐clinical populations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The TCN2 variant of rs9606756 [Ile23Val] acts as risk loci for obesity‐related traits and mediates by interacting with Apo‐A1
Authors: Hebbar Prashantha , Alkayal Fadi , Nizam Rasheeba , Melhem Motasem , Elkum Naser , John Sumi Elsa , Abufarha Mohamed , Alsmadi Osama , Thanaraj Thangavel Alphonse 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveDespite alarming obesity levels in the Arabian Peninsula, its population lacks convincingly identified genetic determinants of obesity. A genome‐wide association study was performed for obesity‐related anthropometric traits in Arabs and to decipher mechanisms by which the variants mediate traits.MethodsThe Illumina HumanOmniExpress BeadChip was used to genotype 1,353 Arab individuals (largely with Class I obesity) from Kuwait. Genome‐wide association tests for obesity‐related anthropometric traits were performed. Top associations were tested for replication in an independent cohort (1,176 unrelated Arabs). Resultant variants were investigated for interactions with obesity‐related plasma biomarkers. Pathway analysis was performed on genes harboring markers in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with identified variants.ResultsThe rs9606756[c.67A>G,p.Ile23Val] variant from TCN2 was associated with waist circumference (WC) at nearly genome‐wide significance (P = 8.92E−08). WC was inversely related with Apo‐A1 or high‐density lipoprotein levels; individuals with the AG genotype exhibited stronger relationship than those with the reference AA genotype. Interaction involving the AG genotype (effect allele = G) significantly contributed to an increase in anthropometric traits (particularly WC). Genes harboring single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in LD with rs9606756 mapped onto an interaction network (with TP53 as central element) of established obesity/diabetes‐related protein components.ConclusionsThe TCN2 variant acts as a risk factor for WC in the Arab population. The variant mediates obesity‐related anthropometric traits via interactions with Apo‐A1/high‐density lipoprotein or TP53.
Accelerated tumour metastasis due to interferon‐γ receptor‐mediated dissociation of perivascular cells from blood vessels
Authors: Ni Chen , Ma Pan , Qu Liwei , Wu Fan , Hao Junfeng , Wang Ruirui , Lu Yu , Yang Wei , Erben Ulrike , Qin Zhihai 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAngiostasis mediated by interferon (IFN)‐γ is a key mechanism of anti‐tumour immunity; however, the effect of IFN‐γ on host vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)‐expressing cells during tumour progression is still elusive. Here, we developed transgenic mice with IFN‐γ receptor (IFNγR) expression under control of the Vegfa promoter (V‐γR). In these mice, the IFN‐γ responsiveness of VEGFA‐expressing cells led to dramatic growth suppression of transplanted lung carcinoma cells. Surprisingly, increased mortality and tumour metastasis were observed in the tumour‐bearing V‐γR mice, in comparison with the control wild‐type and IFNγR‐deficient mice. Further study showed that perivascular cells were VEGFA‐expressing cells and potential IFN‐γ targets. In vivo, tumour vascular perfusion and pericyte association with blood vessels were massively disrupted in V‐γR mice. In vitro, IFN‐γ inhibited transforming growth factor‐β signalling by upregulating SMAD7, and therefore downregulated N‐cadherin expression in pericytes. Importantly, IFN‐γ neutralization in vivo with a monoclonal antibody reduced tumour metastasis. Together, the results suggest that IFNγR‐mediated dissociation of perivascular cells from blood vessels contributes to the acceleration of tumour metastasis. Thus, the inhibition of tumour growth via IFN‐γ‐induced angiostasis might also accelerate tumour metastasis. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MYB–GATA1 fusion promotes basophilic leukaemia: involvement of interleukin‐33 and nerve growth factor receptors
Authors: Ducassou Stéphane , Prouzet‐Mauléon Valérie , Deau Marie‐Céline , Brunet de la Grange Philippe , Cardinaud Bruno , Soueidan Hayssam , Quelen Cathy , Brousset Pierre , Pasquet Jean‐Max , Moreau‐Gaudry François , Arock Michel , Mahon François‐Xavier , Lippert Eric 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAcute basophilic leukaemia (ABL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloblastic leukaemia. We previously described a recurrent t(X;6)(p11;q23) translocation generating an MYB–GATA1 fusion gene in male infants with ABL. To better understand its role, the chimeric MYB–GATA1 transcription factor was expressed in CD34‐positive haematopoietic progenitors, which were transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Cells expressing MYB–GATA1 showed increased expression of markers of immaturity (CD34), of granulocytic lineage (CD33 and CD117), and of basophilic differentiation (CD203c and FcϵRI). UT‐7 cells also showed basophilic differentiation after MYB–GATA1 transfection. A transcriptomic study identified nine genes deregulated by both MYB–GATA1 and basophilic differentiation. Induction of three of these genes (CCL23, IL1RL1, and NTRK1) was confirmed in MYB–GATA1‐expressing CD34‐positive cells by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Interleukin (IL)‐33 and nerve growth factor (NGF), the ligands of IL‐1 receptor‐like 1 (IL1RL1) and neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (NTRK1), respectively, enhanced the basophilic differentiation of MYB–GATA1‐expressing UT‐7 cells, thus demonstrating the importance of this pathway in the basophilic differentiation of leukaemic cells and CD34‐positive primary cells. Finally, gene reporter assays confirmed that MYB and MYB–GATA1 directly activated NTRK1 and IL1RL1 transcription, leading to basophilic skewing of the blasts. MYB–GATA1 is more efficient than MYB, because of better stability. Our results highlight the role of IL‐33 and NGF receptors in the basophilic differentiation of normal and leukaemic cells. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calcineurin inhibitor‐free strategies for prophylaxis and treatment of GVHD in children with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after stem cell transplantation
Authors: Shkalim‐Zemer Vered , Konen Osnat , Levinsky Yoel , Michaeli Orli , Yahel Anat , Krauss Aviva , Yaniv Isaac , Stein Jerry 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundPosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a distinct clinico‐radiologic entity that can occur following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, often in the context of treatment with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs).ProcedureWe describe the results of CNI‐free management of 14 children with PRES and review the clinical and radiologic manifestations of their presentation.ResultsDiscontinuation of CNIs usually resulted in remission of PRES, but patients with established graft versus host disease (GVHD) at the time when treatment was changed often experienced progressive GVHD despite administration of immune suppressive and modulating treatments. All but three patients experienced full neurologic recovery. Nine children died as a result of either GVHD, disease relapse, or severe infection.ConclusionsDiscontinuation of CNIs results in neurologic improvement in most cases, but superior alternative immune modulatory treatment is needed to prevent progression of established GVHD.