bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting Rainfall Anomaly Patterns Over South America Related to Central and Eastern Atlantic Niño Modes
Authors: Kayano Mary T. , Andreoli Rita V. , Cerón Wilmar L. , Mamani Leonardo , de Souza Itamara Parente , Cevalho Wallace , Souza Rodrigo A. F. , Sales de Moraes Djanir 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study examines the effects of the central Atlantic Niño (CAN) and eastern Atlantic Niño (EAN) events on the seasonal precipitation in South America (SA) during the 1951–2020 period. For the CAN during the summer and autumn, an interhemispheric sea surface temperature (SST) dipole mode induces an anomalous thermally direct circulation in the 10° N–10° S band and is the main factor causing precipitation anomaly patterns with a dipole structure between northern (negative) and northeastern (positive) SA. For winter and spring, the SST pattern featuring a South Atlantic dipole induces meridional and zonal anomalous circulations, which are the mechanisms causing positive precipitation anomalies in tropical SA to the north of 20° S. In contrast, for the EAN, the precipitation anomaly patterns show large areas with anomalous dryness, particularly during summer, autumn, and spring. For summer and autumn, the east–west SST anomaly gradient in the equatorial Atlantic and the associated sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies induce equatorial westerlies and a regional Walker cell with descending motions in most tropical SA, where large areas with anomalous dryness are noted. During spring, a northward SST gradient in the tropical Atlantic induces a meridional cell with descending motions in the 0°–10° S band; meanwhile, the westward SST gradient in the equatorial Atlantic and tropical South Atlantic induces a zonal circulation with descending motions over northeastern and eastern Brazil. These descending motions extend the anomalous dryness over a large area. For the EAN events, the east–west SST gradient and the associated east–west circulation in the South American/Atlantic region are crucial elements to modulate precipitation variability in SA. Therefore, the CAN and EAN events induce distinct precipitation anomaly patterns in SA due to distinct associated regional circulation patterns. The results presented here have not been discussed before and might have relevant implications for climate monitoring and modelling studies.
Parenteral nutrition customization in pediatrics: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Pinho Jéssica Lavanholi , Freitas Renata Germano Borges de Oliveira Nascimento , Nogueira Roberto Jose Negrão 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to analyze the reasons for customizing parenteral nutrition (PN) in pediatric patients admitted to a quaternary hospital.MethodsWe performed a descriptive cohort study on 264 hospitalized children receiving PN. Anthropometric, biochemical, and hospitalization data were collected from patient records. Unequivocal reasons for customizing PN were defined as situations precluding prescription of a standard adult/teenager PN and included renal and/or liver failure, energy‐protein adequacy, and elevated mineral and triglyceride levels.ResultsA total of 264 patients, with a median age of 2.2 years (IQR: 0.3–9.0 years), comprising intensive care (n = 216; 81.8%) and malnourished (n = 91; 36.1%) patients, were evaluated. In the first 48 h, 87.9% (n = 232) of the sample required customized PN for energy‐protein adequacy (210 of 232), maintained over subsequent days in most cases. Among patients requiring second individualization, mineral disturbance was the main reason observed, especially within the first 4 days of PN use (n = 21; 60%). Unequivocal reasons for customizing PN occurred in 97.4% (n = 226) of cases in the first 48 h; 96.2% (n = 177) of cases on the fourth day; and 90.1% (n = 92) of cases on the seventh day of PN use. An inverse correlation was found between weight/age z score and number of second individualizations (r = −0.222; P = 0.002).ConclusionCustomized PN proved essential, especially for younger, malnourished, and intensive care patients. Investment in training a Nutritional Multidisciplinary Therapy Team and acquiring a specific electronic system for prescribing PN is suggested.
Residents' Support for Major Sporting Events in the Postponement Context: A Case Study of the 31st Summer Universiade
Authors: Gan Wenxuan , Dong Qiang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic forced the postponement of some international events, such as the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, which negatively impacted residents and the local tourism industry. Therefore, it is necessary to understand residents' support for hosting major sporting events. We surveyed 769 residents using a structural equation model and applied social exchange theory (SET) to analyse the 31st Summer Universiade and examine their support for hosting major sporting events. The results revealed a significant relationship between postponement risk perception and the perceived costs and benefits, which affected the residents' support for hosting major events. These findings confirmed perceived benefits and costs as key factors determining residents' support for/opposition to major events. We proposed the residents' postponement risk perception concept, integrated it into the event tourism research model, and expanded the explanatory power of SET in unconventional contexts, providing stakeholders with references for planning and hosting events under special circumstances.
Gender and Racial Demographic Trends in the US Laryngology Workforce (1993–2022)
Authors: Parikh Neil , Shuman Elizabeth , Johns Michael , Merati Albert , Zheng Melissa 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo analyze demographic trends in laryngology fellowship training in the United States from 1993 to 2022, comparing periods before and after formalization of the fellowship within the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) in 2012.MethodsA national database of fellowship‐trained laryngologists (FTLs) and non‐fellowship‐trained laryngologists (nFTLs) practicing primarily laryngology was created by methodically compiling laryngologists via Internet search, with corroboration by regional laryngologists and vetting by senior laryngologists on this manuscript. Demographic variables included residency and/or fellowship graduation year, gender, race and ethnicity inferred through individuals' photos and surnames. NRMP match data from 2012 to 2022 were obtained from the American Laryngological Association.ResultsAn average of 21 programs offered 23 positions in the NRMP match, with 14 programs (66.4%) filling 16 positions (68.8%) from 2012 to 2022. The 10‐year FTL growth rate decreased from 25.4% (1993–2002) to 10.5% and 6.6% in subsequent periods. In May 2023, there were 349 active laryngologists, including 303 FTLs, in the United States. A total of 189 (62.4%) FTLs were men, 114 (37.6%) were women; 201 (66.2%) were White, 102 (33.8%) were non‐White. Between the pre‐NRMP and post‐NRMP periods, the percentage of male FTLs decreased from 71.5% to 55.5%, female FTLs increased from 28.5% to 44.5%, and White FTLs decreased from 69.2% to 64.2%. Chi‐squared analysis yielded a statistically significant association between gender and training period for FTLs (p = 0.004), but no statistically significant difference between race and training period.ConclusionsThe post‐NRMP period saw an expansion of laryngology fellowships and workforce diversification, reflecting trends observed in otolaryngology and medicine overall.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 135:794–800, 2025
Upper Airway Stimulation for Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome: Long‐Term Follow‐Up
Authors: Larrow Danielle R. , Marcus Kathryn S. , Gipson Kevin , Skotko Brian G. , Baldassari Cristina M. , Smith David F. , Heubi Christine H. , Tobey Allison , Nikhila Raol , Vangel Mark , Hartnick Christopher J. 
Published: October 2024

Objective(s)Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) is safe and effective for patients with Down syndrome (DS) and severe persistent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Long‐term outcomes for this patient population have not been evaluated.MethodsA prospective single‐group multicenter cohort study with 1‐year follow‐up was conducted between 2015 and 2021 among 42 adolescent patients with DS and severe persistent OSA. Here, we evaluate long‐term outcomes in this patient cohort. Patients were evaluated with polysomnogram (PSG) at three timepoints: pre‐implantation (timepoint 1), 1‐year post‐implantation (timepoint 2), and long‐term follow‐up (timepoint 3).ResultsLong‐term follow‐up data were available for 33 of 42 patients. Mean (SD) of timepoint 3 was 4.0 (1.9) years after implantation. Using a therapy response definition of a 50% decrease in Apnea Hypopnea INdez (AHI) from timepoint 1, the response rate was 69.7% (23/33) at timepoint 2 and 87.9% (29/33) at timepoint 3. From timepoint 1, there was a mean (SD) decrease in AHI of 12.7 (13.4) events/h at timepoint 2 and 15.7 (13.1) events/h at timepoint 3. The mean percentage change in AHI between timepoints 1 and 2 was −51.1% (95% CI: −32.8% to −69.3%) and between timepoints 1 and 3 was −59.6% (95% CI: −42.0% to −77.3%).ConclusionPatients with DS and severe persistent OSA who undergo HGNS implantation may continue to experience improvement in PSG parameters at long‐term follow‐up. Future studies are needed to assess additional long‐term outcomes in this patient population, including neurocognition and quality of life.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 135:1218–1222, 2025
A New Approach Toward Extreme Thermal Stability of Femtosecond Laser Induced Modifications in Glasses
Authors: Ktafi Imane , Kong Jing , Cavillon Maxime , Poumellec Bertrand , Yembele Maureen , Valois Renaud , Allix Mathieu , Peng Gang‐Ding , Lancry Matthieu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImprinting thermally stable transformations by femtosecond laser in glass would benefit the development of optical sensors dedicated to harsh environments including combustors, nuclear reactors, aircraft engines, or metal/ceramic manufacturing processes. While glass brings undeniable assets over refractory crystalline materials like shaping ability (e.g., optical fiber form), one key challenge is to prevent the erasure of induced transformations at high temperatures and for long periods. In this article, the role of glass composition and viscosity to achieve modifications stable at high temperatures is first reviewed, providing a comprehensive roadmap for engineers in optics and photonics. While silica appears to be the candidate of choice, it is revealed that binary aluminosilicates can compete and sometimes surpass it. The hypothesis is formulated and investigated that a hybrid glass‐crystalline nano‐structuring can imprint ultra‐stable modifications inside glass. Laser‐induced modifications in Al2O3‐SiO2 and ZrO2‐Al2O3‐SiO2 glasses reveal a partial crystallization, shaped into a lamellar structure and orientable with laser light polarization. These birefringent structures can withstand temperatures up to 1300 °C for 30 minutes. Even after erasure, a positive index contrast persists, up to 1650 °C for binary 60Al2O3‐40SiO2 (mol%). This is the first observation of this kind of persisting index contrast, paving the way to ultra‐stable glass‐based optical waveguiding.
Customizable Generation of Arbitrary‐Order Polarization Vortices by Spin‐Decoupled Geometric Phases
Authors: Jiang Juanna , Fu Xinmin , Yang Jie , Wang Zhuoluo , Tian Xiaoxia , Zhu Ruichao , Wang Jiafu , Qu Shaobo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to nontrivial field topologies, polarization vortices carrying polarization singularities have attracted increasing interest in the fields of optics and photonics. However, the conventional methods for generation of polarization vortcies still suffer from the complexity and the heavy bulk. In this work, taking advantage of spin‐decoupled geometric phase in metasurfaces, a novel method is proposed to generate polarization vortices with customizable topological charges. By tailoring spin‐decoupled geometric phases generated by the metasurface, distinct helical phase profiles can be imparted to left‐ and right‐handed circularly polarized components. Consequently, two scalar vortices with different topological charges can be simultaneously generated in the two orthogonal circular polarization components, leading to the generation of the polarization vortices with the needed topological charges and the diverse morphologies. Both simulation and experimental results well demonstrate the method. Owing to the nondispersive feature of geometric phases, the designed metasurface works well in a wide frequency band. The proposed method contributes a reliable and feasible solution for customizing the generation of polarization vortices, which can be further transposed to other frequencies and applied to information encoding and polarization detection etc.
Examining Agreement in Psychotic Symptom Assessment: Insights from Parkinson's Disease Dementia Dyads
Authors: Beehler Blake , Tosin Michelle H.S. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Goetz Christopher G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPsychosis and cognitive decline often co‐occur in Parkinson's Disease (PD), which complicates assessment.ObjectiveWe measured agreement between patients with PD and dementia (PDD) and care partners (CPs) in their independent evaluation of PD‐related psychotic symptoms.MethodsWe compared responses to a PD psychosis rating scale (SAPS‐PD) in 21 dyads of patients with PDD and cognitively normal CPs. We assessed the concordance of responses using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Following the psychosis assessment, the clinician used all available information and adjudicated who provided the most reliable responses.ResultsDyads demonstrated poor concordance in summary scores (ICC = 0.464). Six of the nine individual items had poor agreement. The clinician adjudicated the patient's response as the more reliable in 71.4% of cases.ConclusionsAlthough many psychotic symptoms are internal and not observable, in the context of PDD, both patient and CP inputs are valuable, but final adjudication favors patient responses.
Enhanced prediction of preoperative mesenteric lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer using machine learning with CT‐based data
Authors: Zhou Lanni , Ouyang Lizhu , Guo Baoliang , Huang Xiyi , Yang Shaomin , Pan Jialing , Wang Liwen , Chen Ming , Xie Fan , Li Yunjing , Du Yongxing , Chen Xinjie , Hu Qiugen , Ouyang Fusheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe detection of lymph node (LN) involvement is fundamental for staging colorectal cancer (CRC) and aids in clinical decision‐making. Traditionally, determining LN status predominantly relies heavily on histological examination of LN specimens, which can occasionally lead to overtreatment. This study aims to develop a clinical prediction model using machine learning algorithms to assess the risk of mesenteric LN metastasis preoperatively, based on computed tomography images and clinicopathological data from CRC patients. Our findings demonstrate that the predictive model based on XGBoost algorithms exhibited the optimal performance, with area under the curve values consistently stable across training (0.836, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.750–0.902) and validation (0.831, 95% CI: 0.688–0.927) cohorts. The model was further elucidated using SHapley Additive Explanation values, which ranked predictors in the XGBoost model by their importance, providing insights into the model's decision‐making process. Additionally, the force plot visualizes the contribution of each variable to the prediction for individual samples. The as‐obtained model may have the potential to aid in clinical treatment planning, optimize the selection of surgical methods, and guide the decision‐making process for adjuvant therapy before surgery.
Treatment of isolated pediatric optic nerve glioma: A nationwide retrospective cohort study and systematic literature review on visual and radiological outcome
Authors: Bennebroek Carlien A. , Montauban van Swijndregt Maartje C. , van Zwol Judith , Bhusal Sanjhana , Dittrich Anne T. , Oostenbrink Rianne , Pott Jan Willem R. , Buijs Erik A. , Schouten‐van Meeteren Antoinette Y. , Porro Giorgio L. , de Graaf Pim , Saeed Peerooz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundProgressive isolated optic nerve glioma (ONG) in children is a rare disease, treated with various modalities. A global treatment consensus is not available.MethodsWe conducted a national retrospective multicenter cohort study (1995–2020) to investigate how different treatment strategies impact outcome for ONG in children, by assessing treatment responses to systemic anticancer therapy (SAT), surgery, and radiotherapy for ONG. The primary endpoints included changes in best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and tumor volume (TV) on MRI, both evaluated at the start and end of therapy and at long‐term follow up.ResultsA total of 21 ONGs (20 patients) received SAT (n = 14 (66.7%)), surgery (n = 4 (19.0%)), and radiotherapy (n = 3 (14.3%)). After SAT BCVA stabilized or improved in 66.6% (n = 4) and the TV decreased by a median of 45.1% (range: −88.6% to +31.5%) (n = 13). Before resection two eyes were already blind. After resection BCVA decreased to blindness in one eye. In total all four eyes were blind after resection. After first‐line RT BCVA decreased in 66.7% of ONG to counting fingers or less, TV increased <3 months after RT by a median of 47.3% (range: −42.8% to +245.1%) (n = 3), followed by a long‐term decrease of 94.4 and 13.8% (n = 2), respectively.ConclusionSAT appears to be the preferred modality for progressive ONG in case of potential rescue of visual functions. Complete resection of ONG appears effective to reduce proptosis in case of preexisting blindness. The use of radiotherapy requires careful consideration due to the risk of severe visual impairment and secondary disease.
Post‐Mortem Analysis of Building‐Integrated Flexible Thin Film Modules
Authors: Kingma Aldo , Kirchner Sala Helena , Simeonov Leonard , Aninat Rémi , Villa Simona , Bakker Klaas , van den Nieuwenhof Monique , Roosen Dorrit , de Riet Joris , Koetse Marc , van de Vorst Bart , Steijvers Henk , Theelen Mirjam 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFlexible, lightweight thin film (TF) photovoltaic (PV) modules offer a unique opportunity for integration into non‐planar surfaces unable to support heavy weights. While such applications increase the potential for PV in urban areas, the reliability implications are yet to be investigated. Here, prototypes of corrugated rooftiles with integrated Cu (In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) modules were investigated after 3 years of outdoor operation. Their performance before and after the outdoor exposure was compared and defects were localized. An unpackaging method was developed, allowing access to the solar cells for more detailed characterization of present defects without causing additional damage or changes to existing defects. To our knowledge, this was the first time such an unpackaging method was successfully applied to flexible TF PV modules. The relative efficiency loss ranged from 17% to 43%, mostly due to short‐circuit current (ISC) loss and series resistance (RS) increase. The predominant cause of the RS increase was the delamination at the interconnects, ascribed to thermomechanical stresses caused by outdoor temperature fluctuations. The ISC loss was mainly caused by localized delamination of CIGS from the molybdenum (Mo) back‐contact. The occurrence of such delaminated areas pointed to presence of high local stresses during outdoor operation, possibly due to thermal fluctuations, applied deformation and/or mechanical impact. Two other types of delamination defects were found with no observable impact on performance. These results show the necessity for further optimization in the material choice and processing of TF flexible modules, to avoid mechanical stress related failures upon integration into curved surfaces.
Performance Study of Eco‐Friendly and Safe Pyrotechnics for Fireworks
Authors: Zheng Dongsen , Wang Jianzhong , Duo Yinxian , Liu Jiping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe combustion of traditional pyrotechnics will pose great risks to the environment and human health. Although sulfur‐free pyrotechnics prepared from metals or expired military gunpowder have been used to solve this problem, the high sensitivity of them has resulted in insufficient safety. Therefore, new eco‐friendly and safe pyrotechnics are urgently needed. In this study, we prepared novel metal‐free pyrotechnic compositions for fireworks based on 5‐amino tetrazole. The optimized formulations are proposed by calculation. Particle size effects on thermal stability and kinetics are tested. Then, the sensitivity tests, moisture absorption, and burst temperature test were analyzed and compared. The combustion heat and specific volume were also measured. The Py‐GCMS and PM2.5 were used to clarify the composition of gas products and confirm their environmental‐friendly performance. The findings revealed that the novel pyrotechnics has a small amount of combustion residue, greater safety performance, and less PM2.5 concentration. The novel pyrotechnics could generate 564.9 mL/g clean and non‐toxic gas composed of 93.2% N2, H2O, and CO2 without any NOx or SO2 vapor. The test results suggest that the new pyrotechnics can effectively increase gas production and reduce the content of CO and PM2.5. So, it has great potential in application.
Manufacture of Solid Propellants Based on Renewable Succinic Acid Polyols
Authors: Cantini Danillo F. V. , Lemos Maurício F. , Pinto José C. C. , Santos Jonas F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractModern energy policies encourage the replacement of fossil fuels with a more sustainable type. Succinic acid is a promising renewable material that can react with ethylene glycol and 1,4‐butanediol in a two‐step polycondensation reaction to form hydroxylated polyesters. Copolymerization reactions were investigated to produce novel green binders for manufacture of solid propellants. The ester of the first step of polycondensation was used as a plasticizer in the propellant formulation. These products can be an alternative to binders of fossil sources, such as hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), frequently used as fuel of commercial propellants. Initially, analyses of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography indicated the formation of polymeric products and adequate chain growth at reaction conditions. Then, the obtained copolymers were characterized by rheological analyses, which revealed that the processability of the copolymer materials was similar to that of the HTPB samples. Additionally, thermogravimetric analyses indicated that the copolymers presented good thermal stability below 200°C. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses indicated that the glass transition temperatures of the obtained copolymer samples ranged from −20 to −60°C, a suitable range for the intended use. Solid propellants were then prepared with solid loadings above 70 wt %, heat of combustion above 11,300 J g−1 and heat of explosion above 4,980 J g−1, which are compatible with values expected for solid propellants. Finally, oxygen balance calculations showed that the intrinsic oxygen content of the polyesters can allow the reduction of amounts of oxidizers in the final propellants.