bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in predicting athletic burnout and in moderating its relationship with life satisfaction in competitive and leisure athletes
Authors: Grebner Karolina , Michel-Kröhler Alena , Werner Tabea , Berti Stefan , Wessa Michèle 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe effects of athletic burnout on life satisfaction vary greatly between individuals, but few studies have examined influencing factors, such as coping mechanisms, that explain these differences. While athletes’ performance levels seem to influence the development of burnout symptoms, there is a lack of studies examining different performance levels separately. The present study therefore investigated the predictors of athletic burnout in competitive and leisure athletes separately, as well as possible moderators influencing the relationship between burnout and life satisfaction in these groups. A cross-sectional online study with sport-specific and general questionnaires was conducted. Latent (e.g., resilience) and manifest variables (e.g., stress) were included as predictors of athletic burnout in two structural equation models (competitive: robust RMSEA = 0.065, robust CFI = 0.946; leisure: robust RMSEA = 0.067, robust CFI = 0.937) with data from 422 athletes (Mage = 23.65; range = 16–67; 43% female, 57% male). Additionally, moderation analyses with coping mechanisms as moderators between burnout and life satisfaction were conducted. Results show that predictors of athletic burnout differ between performance levels. Furthermore, there is a significant moderation effect (p < 0.01) for positive self-concept in competitive sports. Approaches for future research and the development of target group-specific interventions are discussed.
Sensory-substitution based sound perception using a spinal computer–brain interface
Authors: Miklós Gabriella , Halász László , Hasslberger Maximilian , Toth Emilia , Manola Ljubomir , Hagh Gooie Saman , van Elswijk Gijs , Várkuti Bálint , Erőss Loránd 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSensory substitution offers a promising approach to restore lost sensory functions. Here we show that spinal cord stimulation (SCS), typically used for chronic pain management, can potentially serve as a novel auditory sensory substitution device. We recruited 13 patients undergoing SCS implantation and translated everyday sound samples into personalized SCS patterns during their trial phase. In a sound identification task—where chance-level performance was 33.3%—participants ($$n=8$$

n
=
8

) achieved a mean accuracy of 72.8% using only SCS input. We observed a weak positive correlation between stimulation bitrate and identification accuracy. A follow-up discrimination task ($$n=5$$

n
=
5

) confirmed that reduced bitrates significantly impaired participants’ ability to distinguish between consecutive SCS patterns, indicating effective processing of additional information at higher bitrates. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using existing SCS technology to create a novel neural interface for a sound prosthesis. Our results pave the way for future research to enhance stimulation fidelity, assess long-term training effects, and explore integration with other auditory aids for comprehensive hearing rehabilitation.
Frequent internet use is associated with better episodic memory performance
Authors: Kang Weixi , Malvaso Antonio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs the internet is becoming more and more accessible and prevalent, there has been growing interest in determining the effect of internet use on human cognition, particularly memory. However, much less is known about how internet use frequency is related to episodic memory, which refers to the memory of past events as opposed to facts (i.e., semantic memory). Episodic memory is very relevant to the internet because of the notion that the internet is a form of transactive memory, which requires people to retrieve how information was accessed (i.e., episodic memory) rather than the information itself (i.e., semantic memory). By analyzing data from 36, 542 participants with 44.06% females and a mean age of 46.63 years old from the Understanding Society using multivariate and univariate analysis of variances (ANOVA), the current study found that the frequency of internet use is positively related to episodic memory (assessed using the immediate recall and delayed word recall tasks). These results provide support to the notion that the internet is a form of transactive memory and the “use it, or lose it” theory.
Levels of substitution of inorganic mineral to amino acids complexed minerals on old laying hens
Authors: Santos Marcos J B , Rabello Carlos B V , Wanderley Jamille S S , Ludke Maria C M M , Barros Mércia R , Costa Fabiano S , Santos Clariana S , Fireman Alba K 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the impact of replacing inorganic mineral sources (IM) with amino acid complexed minerals (AACM) in laying hens’ diets on performance, egg quality, bone, and intestinal health. The effects of 4 different diets with varying levels of AACM substitution were evaluated on 400 Lohmann White hens aged 78–98 weeks. The control diet contained only IM sources at levels of 60, 60, 7, 40, 0.2, and 2 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Se, and I, respectively. The other treatments were made by a total substitution of IM with AACM, as follows: AACM70–70% of IM levels; AACM50–50% of IM levels; and AACM40–40% of IM levels. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts and Dunnett’s test were used to determine their impact (P < 0.05). The treatment AACM40 improved egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). Hens that received AACM40 also produced the thickest eggshells and better tibial bone density (P < 0.01). Histomorphometry analyses demonstrated significant effects of AACM treatments. The optimal supplementation levels of 24, 24, 2.8, 16, 0.08, and 0.8 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Se, and I, respectively.
Radiation dermatitis in the hairless mouse model mimics human radiation dermatitis
Authors: Lawrence Jessica , Seelig Davis , Demos-Davies Kimberly , Ferreira Clara , Ren Yanan , Wang Li , Alam Sk. Kayum , Yang Rendong , Guedes Alonso , Craig Angela , Hoeppner Luke H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOver half of all people diagnosed with cancer receive radiation therapy. Moderate to severe radiation dermatitis occurs in most human radiation patients, causing pain, aesthetic distress, and a negative impact on tumor control. No effective prevention or treatment for radiation dermatitis exists. The lack of well-characterized, clinically relevant animal models of human radiation dermatitis contributes to the absence of strategies to mitigate radiation dermatitis. Here, we establish and characterize a hairless SKH-1 mouse model of human radiation dermatitis by correlating temporal stages of clinical and pathological skin injury. We demonstrate that a single ionizing radiation treatment of 30 Gy using 6 MeV electrons induces severe clinical grade 3 peak toxicity at 12 days, defined by marked erythema, desquamation and partial ulceration, with resolution occurring by 25 days. Histopathology reveals that radiation-induced skin injury features temporally unique inflammatory changes. Upregulation of epidermal and dermal TGF-ß1 and COX-2 protein expression occurs at peak dermatitis, with sustained epidermal TGF-ß1 expression beyond resolution. Specific histopathological variables that remain substantially high at peak toxicity and early clinical resolution, including epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and dermal fibroplasia/fibrosis, serve as specific measurable parameters for in vivo interventional preclinical studies that seek to mitigate radiation-induced skin injury.
Understanding CO adsorption in MOFs combining atomic simulations and machine learning
Authors: Ercakir Goktug , Aksu Gokhan Onder , Keskin Seda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a computational method integrating molecular simulations and machine learning (ML) to assess the CO adsorption capacities of synthesized and hypothetical metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) at various pressures. After extracting structural, chemical, and energy-based features of the synthesized and hypothetical MOFs (hMOFs), we conducted molecular simulations to compute CO adsorption in synthesized MOFs and used these simulation results to train ML models for predicting CO adsorption in hMOFs. Results showed that CO uptakes of synthesized MOFs and hMOFs are between 0.02–2.28 mol/kg and 0.45–3.06 mol/kg, respectively, at 1 bar, 298 K. At low pressures (0.1 and 1 bar), Henry’s constant of CO is the most dominant feature, whereas structural properties such as surface area and porosity are more influential for determining the CO uptakes of MOFs at high pressure (10 bar). Structural and chemical analyses revealed that MOFs with narrow pores (4.4–7.3 Å), aromatic ring-containing linkers and carboxylic acid groups, along with metal nodes such as Co, Zn, Ni achieve high CO uptakes at 1 bar. Our approach evaluated the CO uptakes of ~ 100,000 MOFs, the most extensive and diverse set studied for CO capture thus far, as a robust alternative to computationally demanding molecular simulations and iterative experiments.
Walking pace is a protective factor for rheumatoid arthritis: a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Qin , Huang Xiaoxiong , Zhang Yazhong , Chao Zhujun , Zhou Ruoran , Hamid Roslida Abd , Zhen Yunfang , Li Yusheng , Huang Cheng , Xu Wu , Lin Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWalking pace is a simple and functional form of exercise and a strong predictor of health, but little is known about its causal association with rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to investigate the causal effect of WP on the developing RA using Mendelian randomization analysis. The genetic variation associated with WP was selected as an instrumental variable from the latest genome-wide association studies. Summary-level data for the outcomes were obtained from the corresponding GWAS. The inverse-variance weighted method was used as the primary MR analysis. The results were further tested using a multivariable MR approach based on Bayesian model averaging. Confounders (BMI, SMK, HBP, TD) with close associations with RA were included in the analysis. An observational study with individual data from UK Biobank was performed to reinforce our findings. The MR results indicated the significant inverse associations of WP with the risk of RA (odds ratio (OR), 0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.15, 0.62; p = 1.05 × 10 −3). After adjusting for the risk factors, the associations for WP and RA did not change substantially. Observational study results demonstrated the same effect of WP on reducing the risk of RA. The Mendelian randomization analysis and observational study provide evidence suggesting that walking pace is a protective factor for rheumatoid arthritis. Given its simple measurement, walking pace may be a pragmatic target for interventions.
Comparative Study of Two Semi-Occluded Vocal Tract Protocols: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Heller-Stark Amanda , Maxfield Lynn , Herrick Jennifer , Smith Marshall , Titze Ingo 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Semi-occluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTEs) are widely used as a therapeutic tool to create flow resistance in the upper airway. The current study was a randomized controlled clinical trial to establish the efficacy of two SOVTE protocols, flow-resistant tube (FRT) and Lessac-Madsen Resonant Voice Therapy (LMRVT). Exploratory investigations included a noninferiority analysis of FRT to the widely adopted therapy protocol (LMRVT), as well as examining the dosing required to improve acoustic measures and subjective ratings.

Method:

Sixty-seven participants with voice disorder were randomized into one of five groups: 4-week FRT (
n
= 14), 8-week FRT (
n
= 19), 4-week LMRVT (
n
= 15), 8-week LMRVT (
n
= 5), and control (
n
= 14). Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and Vocal Fatigue Index scores were collected pre- and posttreatment. Acoustic analysis using the Acoustic Voice Quality Index was completed. We compared VHI between controls and 8-week FRT and LMRVT, adjusting for pre-VHI using linear regression. We examined the efficacy of 4-week protocols relative to controls and conducted a noninferiority comparison of FRT (4 and 8 weeks) to LMRVT (4 and 8 weeks) using 5- and 10-point margins. Finally, we compared the 4- versus 8-week sessions for both therapies.

Results:

A statistically significant reduction of VHI in both 8-week FRT relative to controls (−10.60, 95% CI [−19.80, −1.40],
p
= .025) and 8-week LMRVT (−15.74, 95% CI [−29.40, −2.08],
p
= .025) was found. We also found an improvement in 4-week FRT relative to controls (−10.11, 95% CI [−20.03, −0.20],
p
= .046), but the 4-week LMRVT result was not statistically significant (
p
= .057). FRT was found to be noninferior to LMRVT in terms of VHI using a 10-point margin (FRT − LMRVT: 0.69, 95% CI [−5.76, 7.15],
p
= .01), but not using a 5-point margin (
p
= .054). There were no statistically significant differences in VHI scores between 4- and 8-week sessions for either therapy.

Conclusions:
Both FRT and LMRVT improved VHI scores relative to controls. FRT was noninferior to LMRVT in terms of VHI scores. There were no statistically significant differences in VHI scores between 4- and 8-week therapy sessions.
Determination of sub‐synchronous interactions between AC systems and Grid‐Forming converters in bipolar HVDC connections
Authors: Puricelli Francesco Giacomo , Rault Pierre , Cardozo Carmen , Beerten Jef 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNumerous High‐Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) interconnections in a bipolar configuration are currently in the design phase and set to become operational in the next decade. In the meantime, the shift from Synchronous Generators (SGs) to converter‐interfaced units is raising concerns over the stability of power systems. Grid‐Forming (GFM) control in converters, as opposed to Grid‐Following (GFL) mode, is anticipated to replicate, to some extent, the stabilizing behaviour of SGs. An open research question is whether mimicking the behaviour of SGs with GFM converters would, in turn, induce sub‐synchronous oscillations similar to those present in power systems dominated by SGs. This paper investigates sub‐synchronous interactions between converters and asynchronous AC systems at the terminals of a bipolar HVDC connection. A modal analysis based on a state‐space approach reveals the participation of converters as well as the influence of control modes and system parameters on these low‐frequency oscillations. Time‐domain simulations of a non‐linear model in EMTP software support the findings of the modal analysis.
A technique avoiding cardioplegia delivery complications: a case using systemic hyperkalemia cardiopulmonary bypass combined with circulatory arrest
Authors: Takeichi Tomohisa , Morimoto Yoshihisa , Yamada Akitoshi , Tanaka Takanori 
Published: October 2024

We conducted a high-risk redo mitral valve replacement through a right mini-thoracotomy without rib spreading (redo-MICS MVR) under systemic hyperkalemia combined with circulatory arrest to circumvent complications associated with cardioplegia delivery. The patient, a 75-year-old man, had a predicted mortality rate of 20%. Initial antegrade cardioplegia successfully induced cardiac arrest, which was administered every 30 min. However, upon infusion of the second dose of cardioplegia, the aortic root pressure was approximately 20 mmHg. Despite multiple attempts to re-cross the clamp, the aortic root pressure did not improve. Consequently, retrograde cardioplegia was considered, but due to significant adhesion of the inferior vena cava, this approach was abandoned. Thus, the procedure was altered to utilize systemic hyperkalemia without aortic cross-clamping (ACC). Given the preoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) diagnosis of mild aortic regurgitation, maintaining a clear surgical field was challenging, necessitating the combination of redo-MVR with circulatory arrest. This case exemplifies the successful management of cardioplegia delivery complications using systemic hyperkalemia and circulatory arrest, resulting in a favorable postoperative recovery for the patient.
Ösophaguskarzinome: Neues in Prävention und Therapie
Authors: Decker Annegrit , Quante Michael 
Published: October 2024

Was ist neu?
Präventionsstrategien bei Ösophaguskarzinomen Den Schlüsselfaktor gastrointestinaler Tumorprävention bildet die Behebung inflammatorischer Einflüsse, welche sich für die 2 ösophagealen Tumorentitäten Plattenepithel- und Adenokarzinom unterscheiden. Der steigenden Inzidenz der Adenokarzinome sollte durch Therapie von Übergewicht und gastroösophagealer Refluxkrankheit begegnet werden. Ein endoskopisches Screening ist in Deutschland nicht etabliert, hingegen erfolgt bei Barrett-Metaplasie eine engmaschige Surveillance. Für den gezielten Einsatz der Endoskopie ist zukünftig eine bessere Stratifizierung von Risikopatienten vonnöten; entsprechende Prädiktionsmodelle sind Gegenstand aktueller Forschung.
Therapie der Plattenepithelkarzinome des Ösophagus Neben endoskopischen Resektionsoptionen sehr früher Befunde besteht die Hauptneuerung der letzten Jahre im prognoseverbessernden Einsatz von Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren in der adjuvanten und palliativen Systemtherapie. Der PD-L1-Status dient hierbei als stratifizierender Biomarker.
Therapie der Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus und des ösophagogastralen Übergangs Aufgrund ihrer engen molekularbiologischen Verwandtschaft erfolgt die Systemtherapie der AEG-Tumore analog der Magenkarzinome. In der perioperativen Therapie lokal fortgeschrittener Befunde hat jüngst die Chemotherapie nach dem FLOT-Protokoll ihren Stellenwert weiter unterstreichen können. In metastasierten Stadien wird die Chemotherapie biomarkerstratifiziert durch Checkpoint-Inhibitoren sowie Antikörper gegen Her2 und fortan auch Claudin-18.2 ergänzt. Mit dem Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugat Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan wurde eine Her2-gerichtete Zweitlinienoption etabliert.
Neue ESC-Leitlinie 2023: Infektiöse Endokarditis
Authors: Flachskampf Frank Arnold 
Published: October 2024

Was ist neu?
Das Endokarditis-Team Bei komplizierter Endokarditis sollte der Patient in einem Herzklappenzentrum behandelt werden, das über ein etabliertes Endokarditis-Team und eine Herzchirurgie verfügt.
Prävention Eine Antibiotika-Prophylaxe wird in erster Linie für Hochrisiko-Patienten (frühere Endokarditis, Klappenprothesen, kongenitale Shuntvitien) bei zahnärztlichen Eingriffen empfohlen, kann jedoch auch bei nativen Klappenerkrankungen wie der bikuspiden Aortenklappe erwogen werden.
Echokardiografie und andere bildgebende Verfahren Eine transösophageale Echokardiografie (TEE) ist zur Erfassung eventueller lokaler Komplikationen bei linksseitiger Endokarditis auch dann indiziert, wenn bereits transthorakal die Diagnose einer Endokarditis gestellt worden ist. In echokardiografischen Zweifelsfällen sollten die kardiale CT und/oder nuklearmedizinische Verfahren zu Hilfe genommen werden.
Antibiotische Therapie Bei stabilem Krankheitsverlauf und Ausschluss lokaler Komplikationen (z.B. Abszess) mittels TEE kann in bestimmten Fällen nach 10 Tagen gezielter intravenöser Antibiotikatherapie auf eine ambulante orale oder – falls erforderlich – parenterale Antibiotikatherapie unter engmaschiger ambulanter Kontrolle umgestellt werden („Outpatient-step-down-Therapie“).
Kardiochirurgische Therapie Die Indikationen der chirurgischen Therapie der linksseitigen Endokarditis (Herzinsuffizienz, Abszess/Fistel/Pseudoaneurysma, große Vegetationen mit hohem Embolie-Risiko) sind weitgehend unverändert. Ein chirurgisches Eingreifen bei rechtsseitiger Endokarditis wird, mit höherer Empfehlungsstärke als zuvor, bei schwerer endokarditischer Trikuspidal-Insuffizienz mit Dysfunktion des rechten Ventrikels, sehr großen Vegetationen nach septischer Lungenembolie und bei erforderlicher linksseitiger Endokarditis-Chirurgie empfohlen.
Impfen bei pneumologischen Erkrankungen – Teil 2: RSV, Pneumokokken, Pertussis und Herpes Zoster
Authors: Kodde Cathrin , Sander Leif Erik 
Published: October 2024

Was ist neu?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV ist einer der häufigsten Erreger von Infektionen der oberen und unteren Atemwege. Insbesondere für Säuglinge und Kleinkinder sowie für ältere vorerkrankte Menschen stellt eine RSV-Infektion ein Risiko für eine lebensbedrohliche Erkrankung dar. Im Sommer 2023 wurden erstmals 2 wirksame RSV-Impfstoffe zugelassen. Diese basieren auf rekombinanten Virushüllenproteinen der RSV-Stämme und regen das Immunsystem zur Bildung von Antikörpern an. Aktuelle Daten zeigen einen anhaltenden Schutz durch die einmalige Impfung. Die Impfung ist für Schwangere als passive Immunisierung des Ungeborenen sowie für Personen über 60 Jahre in der EU zugelassen. Die STIKO empfiehlt allen Personen ≥75 Jahre sowie Personen im Alter von 60 bis 74 Jahren, die eine schwere Grunderkrankung haben und/oder in einer Pflegeeinrichtung leben, eine einmalige RSV-Impfung. Zu den Grunderkrankungen gehören u.a. schwere Formen von Lungen- und Atemwegserkrankungen sowie Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen.
Pneumokokken
Streptococcus pneumoniae ist einer der Haupterreger der ambulant erworbenen Pneumonie (CAP). Seit Anfang 2022 ist ein 20-valenter Konjugat-Impfstoff (PCV20) zugelassen, der seit Herbst 2023 von der STIKO für alle Personen über 60 Jahre sowie für Personen über 18 Jahre mit Risikofaktoren oder einer beruflichen Impfindikation empfohlen wird. Damit löst PCV20 den 23-valenten Polysaccharid-Impfstoff (PPV23) ab, der bislang noch in der Altersgruppe über 60 Jahren empfohlen wurde.
Pertussis Obwohl Keuchhusten in erster Linie als Kinderkrankheit angesehen wird, betrifft die Mehrzahl der Infektionen Erwachsene. Patienten mit chronischen Atemwegserkrankungen haben ein höheres Risiko für einen schweren klinischen Verlauf. Daher wird empfohlen, dass alle Erwachsenen bei der nächsten planmäßigen Tetanusimpfung eine Auffrischungsimpfung gegen Keuchhusten erhalten sollten, die als Kombinationsimpfstoff (Tdap) verabreicht wird. Für Risikogruppen (medizinisches Personal, Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen) wird eine Auffrischungsimpfung alle 10 Jahre empfohlen.
Herpes Zoster Herpes Zoster (Gürtelrose) wird durch das Varizella-Zoster-Virus verursacht, das bei einer Reaktivierung zu den charakteristischen schmerzhaften Hautausschlägen und Komplikationen, wie einem Zoster Oticus, einer Meningitis einer postherpetischen Neuralgie führen kann. Personen mit chronischen Lungenerkrankungen wie COPD oder Asthma bronchiale haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für Herpes Zoster bedingte Komplikationen. Seit 2018 ist ein rekombinanter adjuvantierter Totimpfstoff zugelassen, der einen hohen Schutz gegen Herpes Zoster und seine Komplikationen bietet. Die Impfung wird allen Personen über 60 Jahren und für bestimmte Risikogruppen ab 50 Jahren empfohlen.