bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning About and Benefiting From Peer Review: A Course Assignment for Doctoral Students at Two Different Universities
Authors: Sethares Kristen A. , Morris Nancy S. 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Peer review is an expectation of PhD-prepared nurses but a lack of evidence in the best methods to train students is of concern.

Method:

Guided by the ADDIE (
A
nalysis,
D
esign,
D
evelopment,
I
mplementation, and
E
valuation) model, faculty at two universities developed, implemented, and evaluated a peer review assignment for 22 second-year PhD nursing students. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.

Results:
Students reported the process of peer review was beneficial (82%) because it informed their own writing (59%), assisted them to read more critically (73%), and increased their appreciation of the role of peer review in the revision process (77%). Giving constructive feedback was difficult for students, but the feedback they received was helpful.

Conclusion:

Peer review is important to the development of science and an expectation of PhD-prepared nurses. Methods to include peer review in education are needed. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(6):342–344.]
INFLUENCE OF PHASE MORPHOLOGY AND FILLER DISTRIBUTION IN NR/BR AND NR/SBR BLENDS ON FRACTURE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Wunde Matthias , Klüppel Manfred 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe filler distribution and the amount of interphase are determined for carbon black (CB) filled blends of natural rubber (NR) with butadiene rubber (BR) and styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and compared with fatigue crack propagation rates under pulsed excitation. A viscoelastic model is used to separate the contributions of the different polymer phases and the interphase to the total dissipated energy G″ during dynamic straining. The filler amount in any phase can be calculated from the increase of the energy dissipation. For NR/SBR blends a higher filler load of the SBR phase and the interphase and a lower filling of the NR phase are identified. In contrast NR/BR blends show a very low filled BR phase and higher filling of the NR phase and the interphase. The carbon black distribution also depends on mixing procedures. Through a batch mixing procedure, in which the filler is previously mixed in the NR only and then blended with BR, the filler transfer from NR to BR increases the filling of the BR phase. The phase morphological results deliver information for a better understanding of crack propagation in CB filled NR/BR and NR/SBR blends. The fracture behavior differs significantly if NR is successively replaced by BR or SBR, respectively. A less pronounced effect is found for the variation of mixing procedure, although it seems that the more heterogeneous filler distribution with a high amount of CB in NR of the batched samples delivers slightly reduced crack propagation rates.
Teaching Poetry in Korean Language Classes
Authors: Roh Jaemin 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
This article illustrates how literature was incorporated into the curricula of Korean language classes and reports the effects it had on students and instructors. Poetry, a genre of literary text, was chosen because of its brevity and rhythmic nature, which allows students to gain immediate access to Korean authors' original writings. The intent was to build a more authentic curriculum that empowers students as authors and as intellectual thinkers in the target language from the outset to bridge the gap between the existing language curricula and literature curricula. The results from the first-year classes show that poetry lessons inspired students to creatively use Korean as a thinking tool and that students directly applied learned expressions for everyday objects and concrete verbs in their poetry writing. Students from the second year reported that the process of reading, understanding, and writing poems added a new dimension of meaningful exercises to the existing curriculum and that the poetry project increased an understanding of Korean society in its historic contexts. After studying poetry for 2 years, students not only developed an ability to appreciate poetry in the context of Korean culture and history, but also appreciated the complexity and depth of the creative writing process.
Manufacturing “Football Realism” in the Studio Era
Authors: Buehler Branden 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Drawing upon material from the Warner Bros. Archives, this article examines the production, marketing, and reception of football films released during the classical Hollywood era—specifically focusing on efforts by the studio to create and market “realistic” football action. First, the paper briefly discusses the marketing and reception of two typical football movies from the period, College Coach and Over the Goal, to argue that the public expected football scenes to resemble live games and that the studio acknowledged this desire by attempting to market their football sequences as “realistic.” Then, the paper examines two of the best-known football movies from the period, Knute Rockne, All American and Jim Thorpe—All-American, and documents how the films’ producers attempted to ensure the movies met these standards for “football realism,” whether that meant casting college football players as extras, enlisting a football-savvy crew, or using newsreel footage during gameplay sequences.
Tempering the Dichotomous Flame: Social History, Cultural History, and Postmodernism(s) in the Journal of Sport History, 1974–2014
Authors: Linden Andrew D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In the June 2014 issue of the Journal of American History, which includes a forum titled “State of the Field: Sports in American History,” Amy Bass argues that, as many humanities-based disciplines adopted tenets of cultural history, sport history did not. Based on over a decade of debate about social, cultural, and postmodernist paradigms, Bass’s assertion illuminates continuing historiographical arguments about epistemology and theory in sport history. In this article, I respond to these discussions by analyzing 405 full-length articles in the Journal of Sport History from the first issue in 1974 through the end of 2014. Drawing on philosopher R. Scott Kretchmar’s caution against “dualisms [and] dichotomies” in sport scholarship, I argue for a holistic understanding of sport history, rather than the dichotomous historiography present over the past decade.
Europese harmonisatie van online en op afstand verkoop van zaken en de levering van digitale inhoud (II)
Authors: Loos M.B.M. 
Published: May 2016

Europese harmonisatie van online en op afstand verkoop van zaken en de levering van digitale inhoud (II)
Op 9 december 2015 heeft de Europese Commissie een voorstel ingediend voor een richtlijn voor de levering van digitale inhoud. Het richtlijnvoorstel kent een ruim toepassingsgebied en is onder voorwaarden ook van toepassing op overeenkomsten waarbij de consument niet met geld, maar met de verstrekking van persoonsgegevens betaalt. Naast een bespreking van dit toepassingsgebied wordt vooral aandacht besteed aan de conformiteit van digitale inhoud en de remedies bij non-conformiteit. Voorstel voor een Richtlijn van het Europees Parlement en de Raad betreffende bepaalde aspecten van overeenkomsten voor de online-verkoop en andere verkoop op afstand van goederen, COM(2015)635 final Voorstel voor een Richtlijn van het Europees Parlement en de Raad betreffende bepaalde aspecten van overeenkomsten voor de levering van digitale inhoud, COM(2015)634 final
Recherche-action, ou connaissance pour l’action ? Quelques points de repère et trois positions de principe
Authors: Franck Robert 
Published: May 2016

Il existe diverses manières de relier la recherche et l’action. On doit à ce propos poser au moins deux questions :
Il faut commencer par envisager les allégeances du chercheur en vue de déterminer à quelles conditions les intérêts et les préoccupations du chercheur ne porteront pas préjudice à ceux qui ont affaire à lui. Il faut ensuite que s’établisse un rapport contractuel entre le chercheur et les gens auprès desquels est menée une recherche-action et que ces derniers puissent exercer un contrôle démocratique sur le déroulement de la recherche.
Action et recherche peuvent-elles fusionner ? Que devient alors le savoir ? Sans la constitution d’un savoir disposant d’une relative autonomie par rapport à chaque situation particulière, on se prive des armes de la critique que sont la raison et l’expérience. Ce sont là les repères contre l’arbitraire de la recherche et du chercheur.
Savoir scientifique, politiques gouvernementales et démocratie
Authors: Nelkin Dorothy , Huston Lorne 
Published: May 2016

L’effet du savoir scientifique sur un ensemble de valeurs, définies de façon plutôt vague, que l’on désigne sous le nom de « démocratie », continue de susciter des passions et des analyses, comme en témoignent les revendications populaires en faveur d’une plus grande participation de la population aux processus de prises de décision relatives aux dossiers scientifiques. De telles revendications soulignent l’importance du débat politique dans des domaines qui furent jusqu’ici réservés à la recherche scientifique.
Cependant, un débat éclairé ne peut avoir lieu que dans la mesure où les participants ont une certaine compétence dans le domaine technique, ne serait-ce que pour pouvoir évaluer les « impératifs techniques » des choix réels qui se posent. Le savoir scientifique — tout comme la terre, la force de travail et le capital — constitue une ressource, voire une marchandise. La possibilité d’utiliser et de contrôler cette ressource a des conséquences importantes sur la distribution du pouvoir politique dans les sociétés démocratiques.
Phénomène d’acculturation et santé du migrant
Authors: Alfatli Jacqueline , Alfatli Nazim 
Published: May 2016

Le migrant traduit dans son corps les difficultés de son acculturation. C’est à partir de cette compréhension de la dimension culturelle des maladies du migrant que l’équipe médicale peut intervenir. La Maison médicale de GRACE-HOLLOGNE, quartier populaire de Liège composé à 40 % d’habitants immigrés vise à intégrer ceux-ci dans un processus de prise en charge collective, à l’intérieur du quartier et d’une communauté. Autogestion, conseils de patients, travail de groupe, approche culturelle de la maladie physique et mentale caractérisent le fonctionnement de cette maison médicale.
Impact of embedded Mn nanodots on resistive switching characteristics of Si-rich oxides as measured in Ni-electrode metal–insulator–metal diodes
Authors: Arai Takashi , Ohta Akio , Makihara Katsunori , Miyazaki Seiichi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We studied the formation of high-density Mn nanodots (NDs) by remote H2 plasma (H2-RP) treatment and investigated how the embedding of Mn NDs affects the resistive switching properties of Si-rich oxides (SiO
x
) because it is expected that NDs will trigger the formation of the conductive filament path in SiO
x
. We fabricated Mn NDs with different ND areal densities by exposing an ultrathin Mn layer on the SiO
x
/Ni bottom electrode to H2-RP without external heating. After the deposition of SiO
x
as a resistive switching layer and the fabrication of Ni top electrodes, resistive switching behaviors of metal–insulator–metal (MIM) diodes were characterized from current–voltage (I–V) curves and compared with the results obtained from samples of SiO
x
without Mn NDs and with an ultrathin Mn layer instead. The embedding of Mn NDs in SiO
x
was found to be effective in increasing the ON/OFF ratio in resistance and reducing the variation in operation voltage.
Oxidation of CuSn alloy nanotree and application for gas sensors
Authors: Kaneko Naoto , Shimizu Tomohiro , Tada Yoshihiro , Shingubara Shoso 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The CuSn alloy nanotree formed by DC electroplating is a true three-dimensional (3D) structure with many branches that separate the trunk perpendicularly. We carried out the oxidation of CuSn nanotrees in atmosphere in order to study the possibility of such nanotrees for application to sensors. It was confirmed that the oxygen concentration in the CuSn nanotree oxide increased with temperature and reached 40 at. % at 350 °C. The optical reflectance spectra of the CuSn nanotree oxide formed at 250 °C showed a 3–4% reflectance in the wavelength range between 400 and 900 nm, and its behavior differed from those of Cu and Sn oxides formed at 250 °C. The temperature dependence of electrical resistivity for the CuSn nanotree oxide showed a typical semiconductor behavior. By the introduction of H2, O2, N2, and CO gases into the chamber, the resistance of the CuSn nanotree oxide responded against H2 most sensitively, as well as against O2 and CO gases. From the resistance change tendency, it is strongly suggested that the CuSn nanotree oxide is a p-type semiconductor, because it shows an increase in conductivity caused by the adsorption of a negative charge such as O−. However, the conductivity decreases with the adsorption of a positive charge such as H+. The present study suggests the high potential of the CuSn nanotree oxide as a gas sensor, since it has a very high surface-to-volume ratio.
Thermal reliability of a bilayer of Ni(P)/Cu as a diffusion barrier for Cu/Sn/Cu bonding
Authors: Lee Byunghoon , Jeon Haseok , Gan Chee Lip , Lee Hoo-Jeong 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This study examines the effects of barrier layers on the aging behavior of Cu/Sn bonding for three-dimensional (3D) integration. We compare the behavior of different bonding structures [Cu/Sn with no barrier, Ni(P) barrier, and Ni(P)/Cu bilayer barrier] after aging samples at 150 °C for long durations (up to 900 h). While the samples with no barrier allowed extensive Cu diffusion and the formation of Kirkendall voids, the Ni(P) barrier samples broke down as Ni outdiffused into the Sn layer. The bilayer barrier samples demonstrated excellent aging stability with the thin Ni(P)/Cu bilayer effectively suppressing Ni outdiffusion.
The impact of horizontal resolution of density field on the calculation of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 34°S
Authors: Stepanov Vladimir N. , Iovino Doroteaciro , Masina Simona , Storto Andrea , Cipollone Andrea 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and meridional heat transport (hereafter the AMOC and MHT) at 34°S as simulated by global 1/16° eddy‐rich (henceforth GLOB16) and ¼° eddy‐permitting (GLOB4) models are compared with observational estimates. Three different methods are used for calculating the modeled AMOC: the first method (MOCmod) is based on simulated velocity fields, while the second (MOCob) relies on the same assumptions as available observed‐derived estimates. The third method (MOCob2) is also based on hydrostatic and geostrophic relationships, but relative to a barotropic circulation instead of the definition of velocity at a specific reference depth. All methods correctly reproduce the time‐mean GLOB16 AMOC strength, but the value of the non‐Ekman component of the GLOB16 AMOC is only about 75% of the observed‐derived estimate. The GLOB16 MHT is also significantly less than observation value (slightly more than 60% of the observed). However, the mean AMOC and MHT values at 34°S obtained with coarser resolution GLOB4 model are comparable with the observed‐derived estimates. Possible causes for the differences between the eddy‐rich model and observational data are studied. It is shown that the density field from the eddy‐rich model has high temporal variability along 34°S with spatial scale of about two hundred km that can be due to mesoscale variations, caused by Agulhas “leakage.” This results in the decrease of the mean meridional geostrophic velocity, which leads to smaller values of the AMOC and MHT in GLOB16: subsampling GLOB16 density on ¼° or ½° longitude grid along 34°S for MOCob calculation significantly increases the AMOC values. The findings in this paper provide guidance in understanding AMOC and MHT dissimilarities between observation‐based estimates and eddy‐rich ocean models at 34°S.
Cantor dielectric resonators for microwave waveguide applicators
Authors: Chiadini Francesco , Diovisalvi Annunziata , Fiumara Vincenzo , Scaglione Antonio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDielectric resonators are structures consisting of a stack of two (or more) different dielectric materials arranged in a certain sequence. The present paper is focused on Cantor dielectric resonators whose construction is determined according to the fractal Cantor scheme. Cantor microwave applicators can be realized by inserting a Cantor resonator in a metallic rectangular waveguide. This applicator can be useful for processing low loss materials due to the field localization occurring in the Cantor resonator. Investigations for different dielectric materials constituting the resonator have been done. Experimental results obtained using a prototype of the Cantor applicator show a good agreement between measured and theoretically calculated field amplitude profiles.
Electron scale structures and magnetic reconnection signatures in the turbulent magnetosheath
Authors: Yordanova E. , Vörös Z. , Varsani A. , Graham D. B. , Norgren C. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Vaivads A. , Eriksson E. , Nakamura R. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Marklund G. , Ergun R. E. , Magnes W. , Baumjohann W. , Fischer D. , Plaschke F. , Narita Y. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Le Contel O. , Pollock C. , Torbert R. B. , Giles B. J. , Burch J. L. , Avanov L. A. , Dorelli J. C. , Gershman D. J. , Paterson W. R. , Lavraud B. , Saito Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCollisionless space plasma turbulence can generate reconnecting thin current sheets as suggested by recent results of numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulations. The Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission provides the first serious opportunity to verify whether small ion‐electron‐scale reconnection, generated by turbulence, resembles the reconnection events frequently observed in the magnetotail or at the magnetopause. Here we investigate field and particle observations obtained by the MMS fleet in the turbulent terrestrial magnetosheath behind quasi‐parallel bow shock geometry. We observe multiple small‐scale current sheets during the event and present a detailed look of one of the detected structures. The emergence of thin current sheets can lead to electron scale structures. Within these structures, we see signatures of ion demagnetization, electron jets, electron heating, and agyrotropy suggesting that MMS spacecraft observe reconnection at these scales.
Epoxidized dimeric acid methyl ester derived from rubber seed oil and its application as secondary plasticizer
Authors: Chen Jie , Li Xiaoying , Wang Yigang , Huang Jinrui , Li Ke , Nie Xiaoan , Jiang Jianchun 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA novel plasticizer epoxidized dimeric acid methyl ester (EDAMe) based on rubber seed oil was synthesized. Chemical structure of EDAMe was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Effects of EDAMe as secondary plasticizer and its substitution of commercial plasticizer dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP) in soft poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films were studied. The thermal properties, mechanical properties and migration stabilities of PVC films were explored with DMA, TG, TG–FTIR, dynamic thermal stability analysis, tensile and migration tests. The results indicated that the epoxidized rubber seed oil based ester has significantly higher thermal stability than DOTP. When DOTP was substituted with 20% (m/m) EDAMe, the results of initial decomposition temperature (Ti), 10% and 50% mass loss temperatures (T10 and T50), and the first maximum weight‐loss temperature rate (TP1) reached 267.2  °C, 263.5 °C, 307.3 °C and 298.9 °C, respectively. Furthermore, flexibility of the obtained PVC films enhanced significantly with the adding of EDAMe. The migration stabilities of EDAMe was also investigated and showed good migration resistance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43668.
Thermoplastic rubber/PP elastomers toward extremely low thermal expansion
Authors: Zhang Kun , Zhang Dongge , Su Lili , Jiang Lili , Jiang Jiandi , Wu Guozhang 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTFine regulation of the microstructure of rubber/polypropylene (PP) alloys could remarkably reduce the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) while retaining the mechanical properties similar to those of thermoplastic elastomers. Rubber/PP elastomers with different morphologies were successfully prepared by controlling the appropriate rubber type, viscosity ratio, and processing method. The CLTE of the polymer alloy parallel to the microlayer directions was considerably reduced when the rubber domains were deformed into microlayers and co‐continuous with plastic domains. The thickness of the PP layers played a crucial role on CLTE reduction. The CLTE considerably decreased with reduced thickness of the PP layer. The sample with a co‐continuous microlayer structure exhibited good flexibility, high elongation, low hardness, and permanent deformation. Thus, low‐thermal‐expansion elastomer materials may have wide applications. Stress relaxation and strain recovery of the ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer/PP (70/30 wt %) blend were investigated to further clarify the influence of co‐continuous microlayer structure on mechanical properties. Anisotropic mechanical properties were consistent with the morphology. Results of the stress relaxation behavior test would provide further support to the mechanism of the low thermal expansion of blends with co‐continuous microlayer structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43902.
Engineering of nanoparticle size via electrohydrodynamic jetting
Authors: Rahmani Sahar , Ashraf Sumaira , Hartmann Raimo , Dishman Acacia F. , Zyuzin Mikhail V. , Yu Chris K. J. , Parak Wolfgang J. , Lahann Joerg 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEngineering the physical properties of particles, especially their size, is an important parameter in the fabrication of successful carrier systems for the delivery of therapeutics. Here, various routes were explored for the fabrication of particles in the nanosize regime. It was demonstrated that the use of a charged species and/or solvent with high dielectric constant can influence the size and distribution of particles, with the charged species having a greater effect on the size of the particles and the solvent a greater effect on the distribution of the particles. In addition to the fabrication of nanoparticles, their fractionation into specific size ranges using centrifugation was also investigated. The in vitro particle uptake and intracellular transport of these nanoparticles was studied as a function of size and incubation period. The highest level of intralysosomal localization was observed for the smallest nanoparticle group (average of 174 nm), followed by the groups with increasing sizes (averages of 378 and 575 nm), most likely due to the faster endosomal uptake of smaller particles. In addition, the internalization of nanoparticle clusters and number of nanoparticles per cell increased with longer incubation periods. This work establishes a technological approach to compartmentalized nanoparticles with defined sizes. This is especially important as relatively subtle differences in size can modulate cell uptake and determine intercellular fate. Future work will need to address the role of specific targeting ligands on cellular uptake and intracellular transport of compartmentalized nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: Importance of Surface Reactions in the Photochemistry of ZnS Colloids.
Authors: DUNSTAN D. E. , HAGFELDT A. , ALMGREN M. , SIEGBAHN H. O. G. , MUKHTAR E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe time‐dependence of the photocorrosion of colloidal ZnS is studied by time‐resolved and static fluorescence spectroscopy, and ESCA.