bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmentally Friendly Manifa Field Development — The World’s Largest
Authors: Arukhe James Ohioma I 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The Manifa field development is a megaproject, the world's largest offshore hydrocarbon production increment built in a single phase. Manifa is the world's largest extended reach oil project (2/3 of project's 350 wells are extended reach wells). Manifa's rare species, its marine life in shallow estuaries, and the local communities dwellers who reliance on fishing for survival imposed environmental challenges for the field's development. Consequently the twin objectives for optimization were environmental stewardship and ensuring operational field development excellence. Grassroots efforts in re-developing the field required value-added technical solutions that honor the triple bottom line - economic, social, and environmental objectives.
The scope of this paper is to present some engineering solutions for developing the field considering the related ecosystems. The successful field commissioning in April 2013, and the subsequent delivery of the project's first milestone, allows for a thorough analysis and consideration of important variables for meeting Manifa development objectives, and sustainable partnerships that ensure local expertise development. The ecologically sensitive and highly productive nature of Manifa's coastal location necessitated the involvement of marine specialists in comprehensive environmental assessments at project conception to reduce the developmental footprint on the marine environment. Therefore, active construction around the northern part of the causeway was eliminated for better water circulation in the Manifa-Tanajib bay. In addition, the design consideration for the route selection for the causeway and islands ensured minimum disturbance to coral reefs and dense sea-grass meadows. The conversion of 70% of the offshore field into an onshore development through the construction of 27 artificial islands, linked with 41 km of causeway, resulted in major resources and environmental gain as offshore platform requirements and environmental footprints were reduced by more than 50%. Several new technologies enabled the unique Manifa development from ultra-deep high departure well placement to a variety of coiled tubing conveyance solutions.
The implications of pushing technological frontiers for environmentally friendly development in a huge and complex field like Manifa holds significant promise for overcoming developmental challenges under similar situations.

Background
The Manifa oil field on the northeast coast of Saudi Arabia is 15% greater than the size of Singapore. With an aerial extent of more than 800 km2 under shallow waters, the field is one of the world's biggest oil fields. Historically, the Manifa oil field was discovered more than 50 years ago when production of crude oil was minimal. Therefore, Saudi Aramco decided to lay off the operations to a later date. With new technology, the company decided to develop Manifa field to produce Arab Heavy crude oil. About 70% of the field was primarily offshore, while 30% of the field was onshore.
The Prospect of Using Permanent Downhole Sensors for Monitoring Oilfield Scales
Authors: Adebayo Abdulrauf Abdulrasheed , Al-Yousef Hasan Yousef , Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmednasreldin , Sultan Abdullah 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper aims to extend the scope of a previous investigation of the applicability of combined electrical resistivity and temperature logs for monitoring scale in carbonate formations during carbon dioxide sequestration in saline carbonate aquifer or during CO2-EOR projects. This study intends to extend the scope of resistivity and temperature logs to a new area of importance which is scale monitoring in real time and in-situ in porous media, completion, and surface facilities. Previous works have focused on the use of electrical resistivity measurements to track carbon dioxide migration by observing time lapse resistivity change based on the understanding that electrical resistivity only changes when rock fluid saturation or rock content changes. Such experiments were also conducted only within several hours or less. They did not consider the effect of fluid rock interaction on formation resistivity. Also, in field application, time lapse in the range of months is often considered thereby neglecting vital information from the reservoirs if measurements were taken continuously. It is discussed in this paper that such voluminous data often ignored or not taken during logging has a lot to tell about the processes going on in the reservoir or in production facilities particularly during CO2 projects. Furthermore, no real time and in-situ down-hole scale monitoring technique currently exists. Current practice involves frequent and continuous geochemical and petrographic analysis of produced formation water cuttings. The technique proposed in the current study comes with no additional cost as it utilizes permanent down-hole sensors such as temperature and resistivity.

Introduction
Scale deposits in reservoirs and around injection and production wells is a common phenomenon in CO2 injection projects. Scales can significantly reduce formation injectivity or productivity, and subsequently increase project cost. Common oil field scales include Calcium Carbonate, Calcium Sulphate, Barium Sulphates, and Strontium Sulphate. They clog formation pore throats and also deposit in downhole equipment and surface facilities. Oil field scale management technique involves chemical treatment by injecting scale inhibitors such has chelating agents, inorganic phosphates, and phosphonates into formation water and then constant monitoring of scale formation by continuous geochemical analysis of produced formation water and petrographic analysis of cuttings. Such monitoring technique is laborious, expensive, and susceptible to error from surface analysis and due to change in fluid compositional change. Fluids compositional change occur because the formation fluids loose some dissolved gases and some ions precipitate out of solution during migration from the formation to the surface. Furthermore, monitoring are not in real time and non-in situ.
FORMATION OF BLACK HOLE LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARIES IN HIERARCHICAL TRIPLE SYSTEMS
Authors: Naoz Smadar , Fragos Tassos , Geller Aaron , Stephan Alexander P. , Rasio Frederic A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The formation of black hole (BH) low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXB) poses a theoretical challenge, as low-mass companions are not expected to survive the common-envelope scenario with the BH progenitor. Here we propose a formation mechanism that skips the common-envelope scenario and relies on triple-body dynamics. We study the evolution of hierarchical triples following the secular dynamical evolution up to the octupole-level of approximation, including general relativity, tidal effects, and post-main-sequence evolution such as mass loss, changes to stellar radii, and supernovae. During the dynamical evolution of the triple system the “eccentric Kozai-Lidov” mechanism can cause large eccentricity excitations in the LMXB progenitor, resulting in three main BH-LMXB formation channels. Here we define BH-LMXB candidates as systems where the inner BH-companion star crosses its Roche limit. In the “eccentric” channel (∼81% of the LMXBs in our simulations) the donor star crosses its Roche limit during an extreme eccentricity excitation while still on a wide orbit. Second, we find a “giant” LMXB channel (∼11%), where a system undergoes only moderate eccentricity excitations but the donor star fills its Roche-lobe after evolving toward the giant branch. Third, we identify a “classical” channel (∼8%), where tidal forces and magnetic braking shrink and circularize the orbit to short periods, triggering mass-transfer. Finally, for the giant channel we predict an eccentric (∼0.3–0.6) preferably inclined (∼40°, ∼140°) tertiary, typically on a wide enough orbit (∼104 au) to potentially become unbound later in the triple evolution. While this initial study considers only one representative system and neglects BH natal kicks, we expect our scenario to apply across a broad region of parameter space for triple-star systems.
De la domestication et de l’ensauvagement de la vie : Serge Moscovici et le « naturalisme »
Authors: Josset Raphaël 
Published: May 2016

Abordant la question de l’irréductible antagonisme domestication/ensauvagement de la vie au fondement de la civilisation occidentale, Serge Moscovici en appelait, dans les années 1970, au développement d’un révolutionnaire « naturalisme actif », une philosophie écologique de la vie seule à même de dépasser cette dualité mortifère dont on mesure aujourd’hui les tragiques ravages.
Use of Cognitive Simulation During Anesthesiology Resident Applicant Interviews to Assess Higher-Order Thinking
Authors: Kulig Alan W. , Blanchard Rebecca D. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

It is difficult to assess applicants' higher-order cognitive thinking skills during conventional resident interviews. Application metrics currently employed are useful indicators of academic and personal success in targeted areas, yet value of this information in predicting future clinical performance is limited.Background

We developed an assessment tool to evaluate higher-order cognitive function in real time during anesthesiology resident applicant interviews.Objective

During the 2014–2015 residency interview season, we integrated simulation training into applicant interviews to evaluate higher-order cognitive skills. Our 5-minute simulation emphasized the Team STEPPS 2-Challenge Rule and explored candidates' critical thinking, analytical decision making, and response to stress. Participating applicants were evaluated using an outcomes-based checklist targeting desired responses. We also sent applicants a post-National Resident Matching Program survey to assess their perceptions of the simulation's value and educational utility.Methods

A total of 90 applicants (75% of all applicants) participated in the simulation, which taught residents about important patient safety concepts and provided the program with real time information about their critical thinking ability. All applicants were confident or very confident that they would both speak up and know what to say if they encountered a patient safety breach as a result of participating in this exercise. Simulation performance affected desirability status for 35% of participating applicants, where 23% of applicants ranked higher, and 12% ranked lower compared to baseline application status.Results

Cognitive simulation training was useful in assessing resident applicant higher-order thinking skills and in helping stratify candidates in conjunction with standard application metrics.Conclusions
Propuesta de un plan de mantenimiento preventivo para centrales de aire acondicionado
Authors: Pérez Dávila Wuilkid , Tórrez Robleto Celemis , Camacho Martínez Rubén , Van de Velde Wilfredo 
Published: May 2016

Comprende los trabajos realizados en los equipos centrales de aire acondicionado en el centro hospitalario San Juan de Dios en la ciudad de Estelí, tales como los diagnósticos del estado de los equipos y su rutina de mantenimientos, las mediciones con respecto a las horas trabajadas por cada máquina y por el técnico especializado en su atención y los costos y beneficios que corresponderían a un cambio en la filosofía de mantenimiento al pasar del tipo correctivo al clasificado como preventivo. Todos estos estudios definieron las bases necesarias para una propuesta de un plan de mantenimiento preventivo que garantizara la vida útil de los aires centrales y que permitiera un control definido del funcionamiento de estos así como los análisis en cuanto a la calidad del servicio percibido por la población.
Een ambtelijk statuut is noodzakelijk voor het morele gezag van de overheid
Authors: van den Brink Gabriël , Jansen Thijs 
Published: May 2016

A civil service charter is necessary for the moral authority of the government
This contribution describes civil service professionalism from a functionalist perspective: the most important function of civil service professionalism is creating, developing and maintaining the authority of governments. Contrary to common opinion, moral authority in our day appears to be of prime importance. Citizens appreciate moral authority, but this important source of authority is often underused by political-administrative officials (especially by them). By making better use of moral authority, civil servants – policy officials and executive officials – could play a much bigger role. In order to achieve this, their professionalism must be improved by creating a broad civil service charter from which (to a certain extent) they can derive a right for civil service professionalism. In the context of the present political debate in the Netherlands on the normalization of the legal status of civil servants, there is an opportunity now to make real progress in this matter. It would be a good thing if civil servants would make themselves heard in this debate. Looking after the moral dimension of the work of civil servants and the accountability in this respect is not only a matter for the Dutch cabinet and those preparing the civil service charter, but also for the civil servants in different parts of the Dutch civil service themselves.
Het Schrems/Facebook-arrest en de gevolgen voor internationale doorgifte
Authors: van Daalen O.L. 
Published: May 2016

Het Schrems/Facebook-arrest en de gevolgen voor internationale doorgifte
De overdracht van persoonsgegevens naar de Verenigde Staten vond tot voor kort plaats op basis van de zogenoemde Safe Harbour-beschikking. Het Hof heeft die beschikking een paar maanden geleden ongeldig verklaard. Dit is een uitspraak met serieuze gevolgen voor de doorgifte van persoonsgegevens buiten Europa en voor privacybescherming in het algemeen. Wat is de redenering van het Hof van Justitie en wat zijn de gevolgen?HvJ 6 oktober 2015, zaak C-362/14, Facebook/Schrems, ECLI:EU:C:2015:650
De uitbreidende betekenis van het collectief ontslag
Authors: Doomen J. 
Published: May 2016

De uitbreidende betekenis van het collectief ontslag
De bescherming van werknemers bij collectief ontslag is sterk toegenomen. Richtlijn 98/59/EG is de opvolger van Richtlijnen 75/129/EEG en 92/56/EEG. De groep werknemers die wordt meegeteld om te kunnen spreken van een collectief ontslag is uitgebreid (door voor de berekening van het aantal ontslagen niet alleen de ontslagen in strikte zin mee te tellen) en de verplichtingen met betrekking tot de informatieverstrekking naar werknemersvertegenwoordigingen zijn toegenomen. In de onderhavige zaak (HvJ 11 november 2015, zaak C-422/14) wordt de kwestie welke werknemers in de procedure moeten worden meegeteld nader gespecificeerd. Het Hof van Justitie draagt met deze uitspraak bij aan de ontwikkeling dat de regeling van het collectief ontslag op een steeds groter aantal werknemers betrekking heeft.HvJ 11 november 2015, zaak C-422/14, Pujante Rivera, ECLI:EU:C:2015:743
A novel multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis typing scheme for African phylotype III strains of theRalstonia solanacearumspecies complex
Authors: Ravelomanantsoa Santatra , Robène Isabelle , Chiroleu Frédéric , Guérin Fabien , Poussier Stéphane , Pruvost Olivier , Prior Philippe 
Published: May 2016

Background.Reliable genotyping that provides an accurate description of diversity in the context of pathogen emergence is required for the establishment of strategies to improve disease management. MultiLocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) is a valuable genotyping method. It can be performed at small evolutionary scales where high discriminatory power is needed. Strains of theRalstonia solanacearumspecies complex (RSSC) are highly genetically diverse. These destructive pathogens are the causative agent of bacterial wilt on an unusually broad range of host plants worldwide. In this study, we developed an MLVA scheme for genotyping the African RSSC phylotype III.Methods.We selected different publicly available tandem repeat (TR) loci and additional TR loci from the genome of strain CMR15 as markers. Based on these loci, a new phylotype III-MLVA scheme is presented. MLVA and multiLocus sequence typing (MLST) were compared at the global, regional, and local scales. Different populations of epidemiologically related and unrelated RSSC phylotype III strains were used.Results and Discussion.Sixteen polymorphic TR loci, which included seven microsatellites and nine minisatellites, were selected. These TR loci were distributed throughout the genome (chromosome and megaplasmid) and located in both coding and intergenic regions. The newly developed RS3-MLVA16 scheme was more discriminative than MLST. RS3-MLVA16 showed good ability in differentiating strains at global, regional, and local scales, and it especially highlighted epidemiological links between closely related strains at the local scale. RS3-MLVA16 also underlines genetic variability within the same MLST-type and clonal complex, and gives a first overview of population structure. Overall, RS3-MLVA16 is a promising genotyping method for outbreak investigation at a fine scale, and it could be used for outbreak investigation as a first-line, low-cost assay for the routine screening of RSSC phylotype III.
Vertical variations of coral reef drag forces
Authors: Asher Shai , Niewerth Stephan , Koll Katinka , Shavit Uri 
Published: May 2016

AbstractModeling flow in a coral reef requires a closure model that links the local drag force to the local mean velocity. However, the spatial flow variations make it difficult to predict the distribution of the local drag. Here we report on vertical profiles of measured drag and velocity in a laboratory reef that was made of 81Pocillopora Meandrinacolony skeletons, densely arranged along a tilted flume. Two corals were CT‐scanned, sliced horizontally, and printed using a 3‐D printer. Drag was measured as a function of height above the bottom by connecting the slices to drag sensors. Profiles of velocity were measured in‐between the coral branches and above the reef. Measured drag of whole colonies shows an excellent agreement with previous field and laboratory studies; however, these studies never showed how drag varies vertically. The vertical distribution of drag is reported as a function of flow rate and water level. When the water level is the same as the reef height, Reynolds stresses are negligible and the drag force per unit fluid mass is nearly constant. However, when the water depth is larger, Reynolds stress gradients become significant and drag increases with height. An excellent agreement was found between the drag calculated by a momentum budget and the measured drag of the individual printed slices. Finally, we propose a modified formulation of the drag coefficient that includes the normal dispersive stress term and results in reduced variations of the drag coefficient at the cost of introducing an additional coefficient.
Slab pileup in the mantle transition zone and the 30 May 2015 Chichi‐jima earthquake
Authors: Porritt Robert W. , Yoshioka Shoichi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 30 May 2015 Chichi‐jima M8 earthquake is one of the largest deep focus earthquakes ever recorded and its depth of 682 km puts it near the base of the mantle transition zone. Before source mechanisms and slip models of this earthquake can be reliably assessed, a better understanding of the tectonic setting and structures of the region near the origin is required. Here we present evidence from receiver functions, a method of isolating subsurface material contrast with converted seismic waves, that the earthquake initiated within the upper mantle transition zone, above a significantly depressed 660 km phase boundary. Additionally, we observe multiple conversions within and below the transition zone, which we associate with seismic waves passing into and out of segments of the subducting Pacific plate. From this, we infer slab material is piling up at the base of the transition zone and segments are penetrating into the lower mantle.
Potential trends in snowmelt‐generated peak streamflows in a warming climate
Authors: Wang Rui , Kumar Mukesh , Link Timothy E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPreviously reported impacts of climate warming on streamflow peaks are varied, and the controls on the variations remain unclear. Using physically based linked snowpack and watershed hydrological models, we evaluated the potential changes in seasonal snowmelt‐generated streamflow peak (Qmax) due to warming in a small semiarid mountain watershed. Results suggest that the trend in Qmax with warming is strongly governed by the conversion of precipitation phase, accumulated snow amount prior to the melt season, and snowmelt rate during the ablation period. Under a warming climate, the trend in Qmax is expected to be decreasing for relatively warm regions but increasing for cold regions. Climate regimes that are most susceptible to dominant precipitation phase transitions from snow to rain are likely to experience larger decreases in Qmax with warming. This study serves as a first step toward assessing the varied impacts on Qmax due to warming vis‐a‐vis the specific catchment hydroclimatology.
Prioritizing the Local in an Era of Globalization: A Proposal for Decentering Community Psychology
Authors: Dutta Urmitapa 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this article, I outline a proposal for decentering the field of United States‐based community psychology. Transnational migrations, border crossings, and proliferating neoliberal trade and global media characterize the contemporary moment we live in. These movements challenge any monolithic disciplinary narrative of community psychology. Drawing from liberation psychology and women of Color feminisms, I argue that decentering the field involves engendering more reciprocal, nonhierarchical relations between the core and peripheries of knowledge production. Specifically, I consider the decentering project in two related realms—content and agents of knowledge production. The first issue concerns the kind of research and theorizing we engage in, the issues or topics we investigate, and the subject populations we work with. The second issue pertains to the agents who engage in the aforementioned processes, exercising epistemic power, that is the authority to construct what is considered legitimate and valid knowledge. I conclude with the implications of the decentering project for a multistranded community psychology that is responsive to the cartographies of contemporary struggles.
Effect of nano‐titanium nitride on thermal insulating and flame‐retardant performances of phenolic foam
Authors: Li Qiulong , Chen Lin , Li Xiaohai , Zhang Jinjin , Zheng Kang , Zhang Xian , Tian Xingyou 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles were employed to achieve enhanced thermal insulation and flame retardance of phenolic foam (PF)/TiN nanocomposites (PFTNs) viain situpolymerization. The morphologies of PFTNs were observed by scanning electron microscope and the images showed that the PFTNs have more uniform cell morphologies compared with pure PF. Thermal insulating properties of PFTNs were evaluated by thermal conductivity tests. The introduction of TiN obviously decreased the thermal conductivities of PF over a wide temperature range (−20 to 60 °C). Significantly, the thermal conductivity of PFTNs gradually decreased as the temperature increased from 30 to 60 °C, showing a contrary tendency with that of pure PF. Moreover, the thermal stability and flame‐retardant properties of PFTNs were estimated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UL‐94 vertical burning and limited oxygen index (LOI) tests, respectively. The TGA and LOI results indicated that PFTNs possess enhanced thermal stabilities and fire‐retardant performances with respect to the virgin PF. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43765.