bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming Olefins into γ,δ‐Unsaturated Nitriles through Copper Catalysis
Authors: Wu Xuesong , Riedel Jan , Dong Vy M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe have developed a strategy to transform olefins into homoallylic nitriles through a mechanism that combines copper catalysis with alkyl nitrile radicals. The radicals are easily generated from alkyl nitriles in the presence of the mild oxidant di‐tert‐butyl peroxide. This cross‐dehydrogenative coupling between simple olefins and alkylnitriles bears advantages over the conventional use of halides and toxic cyanide reagents. With this method, we showcase the facile synthesis of a flavoring agent, a natural product, and a polymer precursor from simple olefins.
Characterization of crystalline structure and free volume of polyamide 6/nitrile rubber elastomer thermoplastic vulcanizates: Effect of the processing additives
Authors: Gomes Ana Catarina de O. , Soares Bluma G. , Oliveira Marcia G. , Machado José C. , Windmöller Dario , Paranhos Caio M. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBlends of polyamide 6 and nitrile rubber (PA6/NBR) dynamically vulcanized may generate innovative products for special purposes where both high temperature and chemical resistance are key factors. In this investigation, we show that the crystalline nature of the PA6 can be controlled in terms of its morphological aspects (degree of crystallinity, crystal size, and structure) as a consequence of the presence of NBR and processing additives. Our results indicate that this crystalline control is dependent on the plasticization caused by the processing additives. Furthermore, imide‐like linkage formation was favored in the presence of ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate (EVA)‐g‐maleic anhydride, resulting in changes in the molecular mobility of the PA6 matrix, crystallization parameters, and viscoelastic properties when compared to the others EVA additives. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45576.
Self‐assembled amphiphilic poly‐N‐vinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles as carriers for hydrophobic drugs: Stability aspects
Authors: Kuskov Andrey N. , Kulikov Pavel P. , Goryachaya Anastasia V. , Tzatzarakis Manolis N. , Tsatsakis Aristidis M. , Velonia Kelly , Shtilman Mikhail I. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTNanoparticles can experience numerous impacts during storage or after intravenous administration resulting in disassembly and/or drug leakage and affecting their efficiency as drug delivery systems. In this study, this crucial issue was addressed by investigating the stability of amphiphilic poly‐N‐vinylpyrrolidone derivative nanocarriers in blood serum, against destabilizing agents and during long‐term storage. All amphiphilic poly‐N‐vinylpyrrolidone derivative nanoparticles prepared in this study were found to possess sizes less than 150 nm, narrow size distribution, spherical morphology, and a slightly negative surface charge. These nanoparticles could efficiently entrap hydrophobic substances (pyrene and curcumin) while retaining excellent compatibility with red blood cells. Moreover, our studies demonstrate the stability of the nanoparticles during long‐term storage and upon dilution with body liquids enhancing their potential as stable in vivo carriers, which is critically important for intravenous drug delivery applications. All properties were found to strongly depend on the ratio between the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic moiety of the polymers under study. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45637.
Correlation between connexin and traumatic brain injury in patients
Authors: Chen Bonian , Sun Liwei , Wu Xiaozhe , Ma Jun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of molecular alterations of damaged tissue in patients with neurological disorders can provide novel insight and potential therapeutic target for treatment of the diseases. It has been suggested by animal studies that connexins (CXs), a family of gap junction proteins, could contribute to neuronal cell death and associate with neurological deficits during trauma‐induced damage. Nevertheless, whether specific CXs are involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has remained unexplored in human patients.MethodsIn a clinical setting, we performed a correlation study of 131 TBI patients who received brain surgery. CXs (including CX40, CX43, and CX45) were examined in the harvested brain tissues for studying the relationships with the Glasgow Coma Scale scores of the patients.ResultsSpecifically, the protein levels of CX43 (negatively) and CX40 (positively) are associated with the extent of disease severity. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation status of CX43 was strongly associated with the severe TBI patients who contain relatively high kinase activities of PKC (protein kinase C) and MAPK (mitogen‐activated protein kinase), two possible activators for CX43 phosphorylation.ConclusionThese data highlight that a cluster of connexin family gap junction proteins not previously studied in humans is significantly correlated with the disease progression of TBI.
Multiagency Response to Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Case Study that Explores the Role of a Specialist Centre
Authors: Voss Lindsay , Rushforth Helen , Powell Catherine 
Published: August 2017

Through the application of case study methods, this research explored the role of a specialist centre that responds to actual or suspected childhood sexual abuse (CSA). When CSA is suspected to have occurred, children and families and professionals from statutory agencies are required to navigate complex processes. This study was undertaken to explore those processes in a specialist children's referral centre. It comprised three datasets: (1) 60 children (0–17 years) were ‘tracked’ to ascertain reasons for referral, the type of examination and outcomes in terms of health, social care and criminal justice actions; (2) semi‐structured interviews with 16 professionals (paediatricians, specialist nurses, child abuse investigation police officers and children's social workers); and (3) analysis of ‘patient’ and parent/carer satisfaction questionnaires.Medical examination rarely confirmed abuse and only 13 per cent of cases were pursued within the criminal justice system. However, 66 per cent of children had an identified health need requiring follow‐up.Professionals from all groups believed the centre provided a ‘child friendly’ facility that enhanced co‐operation. However, challenges with focusing on the needs of children and with mulitagency working were identified. Routine patient satisfaction data collected at the time of the study demonstrated positive views of the care received, although other data suggest that this may be an incomplete picture.‘This research explored the role of a specialist centre that responds to actual or suspected childhood sexual abuse’Key Practitioner Messages

Medico‐legal considerations may dominate health assessment of children when CSA is suspected and yet only a small proportion of cases proceed to court.
A specialist centre can provide a child‐friendly environment and enhance interprofessional communication.
A high proportion of children referred to statutory services following suspected CSA have a range of health and psychosocial needs that require further follow‐up.
Roles that cross professional boundaries may enhance CSA services but this concept requires further research.
‘A specialist centre can provide a child‐friendly environment and enhance interprofessional communication’
Switching behaviour as a function of number of options: How much is too much for consumer choice decisions?
Authors: Sharma Arun , Nair Shreekumar K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe number of alternatives for consumers in almost all purchase situations is increasing at an extremely rapid pace. Although more choices may have many benefits to the consumers, recent studies on choice overload have found that choosing from large alternatives may lead to negative consequences. Majority of the choice overload research has compared only two groups of small versus large assortment size. In extant literature, there is no clarity as to what are small and large assortment sizes. Assortment size used as small in one study has been used as large in some other studies. Small assortment size varied from 2 to 60 choices and large assortment size from 3 to 300 choices in past studies, and the presence of choice overload has been reported at completely different levels of assortment sizes. This study has used an array of six choice sets from 6 to 36 options as compared to just two groups of small versus large assortment. Switching likelihood of consumers was used to capture the choice overload effect in this study. The probability of consumers switching their earlier choice was plotted as a function of number of options using binary logistic regression. Results showed that probability of switching was almost a linearly increasing function of assortment size from 6 to 36 options. The graph of predicted probabilities from 2 to 300 options showed a sharp increase in switching behaviour initially and subsequent flattening of the curve when options became very large.
Photochemical Acceleration of DNA Strand Displacement by Using Ultrafast DNA Photo‐crosslinking
Authors: Nakamura Shigetaka , Hashimoto Hirokazu , Kobayashi Satoshi , Fujimoto Kenzo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDNA strand displacement is an essential reaction in genetic recombination, biological processes, and DNA nanotechnology. In particular, various DNA nanodevices enable complicated calculations. However, it takes time before the output is obtained, so acceleration of DNA strand displacement is required for a rapid‐response DNA nanodevice. Herein, DNA strand displacement by using DNA photo‐crosslinking to accelerate this displacement is evaluated. The DNA photo‐crosslinking of 3‐cyanovinylcarbazole (CNVK) was accelerated at least 20 times, showing a faster DNA strand displacement. The rate of photo‐crosslinking is a key factor and the rate of DNA strand displacement is accelerated through ultrafast photo‐crosslinking. The rate of DNA strand displacement was regulated by photoirradiation energy.
Angiographic classification of patterns of restenosis following femoropopliteal artery intervention: A proposed scoring system
Authors: Garcia Lawrence A. , Rocha‐Singh Krishna J. , Krishnan Prakash , Zeller Thomas , Tepe Gunnar , Fleming Mark , Granada Juan F. , Turco Mark A. , Tieché Christopher , Jaff Michael R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo propose a classification system for characterizing angiographic femoropopliteal artery restenosis patterns associated with common endovascular modalities.BackgroundPeripheral artery disease is a worldwide issue affecting millions of people. Despite a myriad of endovascular technologies available to treat peripheral artery disease of the femoropopliteal arteries, restenosis remains a common failure mode. Characterizing common patterns of restenosis is important to discern the potential impact of baseline patient, lesion, and procedural characteristics, as well as treatment modalities on either the primary success or the failure patterns associated with restenosis.MethodsStudies included in the analysis were from previous core laboratory‐adjudicated femoropopliteal artery disease trials and registries reflecting a wide array of treatment modalities.ResultsFrom the subjects enrolled and analyzed, there were 403 total angiograms for analysis and adjudication. Target lesion revascularization images of the 32 validation cases were evaluated for index treated length, diameter stenosis, and lesion morphology characteristics. The following lesion types are proposed: Type 1 “Focal” pattern, which may be “Edge Proximal” or “Edge Distal” depending on location; a Type 2 “Multifocal” pattern which may also exhibit edge restenosis, but may also be “Edge Bilateral”; a Type 3 “Moderate” pattern and a Type 4 “Diffuse” pattern; and finally, a Type 5 “Occlusion”.ConclusionsA classification system that enables healthcare professionals to anticipate and describe failures following the index procedure, thereby impacting the choice of options for retreatment, may facilitate consistency and standardization within the heterogeneous field of endovascular device treatments for the femoropopliteal artery.
Hospital teaching status and trascatheter aortic valve replacement outcomes in the United States: Analysis of the national inpatient sample
Authors: Telila Tesfaye , Akintoye Emmanuel , Ando Tomo , Merid Obsinet , Palla Mohan , Mallikethi‐Reddy Sagar , Briasoulis Alexandros , Grines Cindy , Afonso Luis 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests that medical service offerings vary by hospital teaching status. However, little is known about how these translate to patient outcomes. We therefore sought to evaluate this gap in knowledge in patients undergoing Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in the United States.MethodsThis study was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) in the United States from 2011 to 2014. Teaching status was classified, as teaching vs. nonteaching and endpoints were clinical outcomes, length of stay and cost. Procedure‐related complications were identified via ICD‐9 coding and analysis was performed via mixed effect model.ResultsAn estimated 33,790 TAVR procedures were performed in the U.S between 2011 and 2014, out of which 89.3% were in teaching hospitals. Mean (SD) age was 81.4 (8.5) and 47% were females. There was no significant difference between teaching versus nonteaching hospitals in regards to the primary outcome of in‐hospital mortality and secondary outcomes of several cardiovascular and other end points except for a high rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR: 1.34 [95% CI, 1.04–1.72]) and lower rate for use of mechanical circulatory support devices in teaching vs. nonteaching centers. The mean length of stay was significantly higher in teaching hospitals (7.7 days) vs. nonteaching hospitals (6.8 days) (P = 0.002) and so was the median cost of hospitalization (USD 50,814 vs. USD 48, 787, P = 0.02) for teaching vs. nonteaching centers.ConclusionMost TAVR related short‐term outcomes including all cause in‐hospital mortality are about the same in teaching and nonteaching hospitals. However, AKI, length of hospital stay and TAVR related cost were significantly higher in teaching than nonteaching hospitals. There was more use of mechanical circulatory support in nonteaching than teaching hospitals.
T‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia and tuberculosis: a puzzling association
Authors: Cervera Pascale , Gilhot Amélie , Marzac Christophe , Féger Frédéric , Tang Ruoping , Jaff Nabaz , Coppo Paul 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessageT‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia can result in severe immune T‐cell deficiency. Clinicians should be aware of this complication in this rare lymphoid malignancy, and opportunistic infections should be ruled out before the use of usual immunosuppressive procedures such as alemtuzumab and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Transition Metal Titanophosphates with Intercalated Molecular Photoluminescence and Catalytic Properties
Authors: Hung Ling‐I , Chen Pei‐Lin , Yang Jia‐Hao , Peng Chi‐How , Wang Sue‐Lein 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this study, α‐TiP layered structure incorporating a heterometal center for organic ligand binding to enhance structural complexity and functionality were prepared. The protons of the α‐TiP layer were replaced with zinc ions coordinated by 4‐pyridinecarboxylic acid (PCA) and water to form a layer structure, TiZn(PO4)2(H2O)(PCA) (1). The tetrahedral zinc center with coordinated water in 1 is unprecedented in zincophosphate or zinc‐MOF systems and is usually only found in metalloenzyme systems. The neutral zincotitanophosphate layers, tightly stacked through hydrogen bonds, showed velcro‐like behavior on intercalating 4,4′‐trimethylenedipyridine (TMDP) reversibly. It rendered a remarkable luminescence property to 1, emitting blue‐to‐white light under UV excitation. Surprisingly, the replacement of TMDP for PCA in the hydrothermal synthesis still resulted in 1, plus another structure, Ti4Zn2(H2TPB)(PO4)4(HPO4)4(H2PO4)2 (2) (TPB=1,2,4,5‐tetra(4‐pyridyl)benzene). Clearly, in situ C−C cracking and C−C coupling of TMDP simultaneously occurred to generate PCA and TPB and thereafter the oxidant, Zn(NO3)2, was quantitatively determined to isolate crystal 1 from 2. The structure of 2 also featured α‐TiP layers with pedant Zn tetrahedra but formed a three‐dimensional neutral framework through TPB. For the first time, α‐TiP‐derived structures and their properties have been elucidated, which help in understanding intriguing in situ ligand formation and intercalation‐induced luminescence, to exploit potential photocatalysis in polymerization.
Effect of Carbon Supports on Enhancing Mass Kinetic Current Density of Fe‐N/C Electrocatalysts
Authors: Chen Xinghua , He Fei , Shen Yanfei , Yang Yiran , Mei Hao , Liu Songqin , Mori Toshiyuki , Zhang Yuanjian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe mass kinetic current density (mass JK) of most extensively reported M−N/C catalysts (M represents non‐precious metal elements such as Fe, Co, and Cu), a potential alternative to noble metal catalysts in fuel cells, is poorer than that of commercial Pt/C. Thus, deep understanding of the intrinsic roles of carbon supports may contribute to the development of M−N/C catalysts from a practical point of view. Herein, the routinely used carbon supports, i.e. carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) that have different morphology and crystallinity, were investigated to uncover the factors that affected the mass JK of Fe−N/C in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction. When immobilized on CB, the ionic liquids‐derived Fe−N/C exhibited an enhanced mass JK (4.45 A g−1 at 0.80 V vs. RHE) by a factor of 2.14 times, comparable to that of Pt/C (5.79 A g−1) and higher than most reported M−N/C catalysts to our best knowledge. In contrast, the CNT support system showed no improvement. It was revealed that a compatible interface between the Fe−N/C precursors and the carbon supports was vital to ensure in‐situ growth of a uniform catalyst layer on the supports during pyrolysis. This subsequently promotes the mass JK by exposing more embedded active sites and introducing favorable slit pores for effective mass‐diffusion. This work would be promising to address the long‐term overlooked challenge of the low mass JK of M−N/C catalysts in replacing noble‐metal catalysts for practical fuel cell applications.
Colour meaning and consumer expectations
Authors: Won Seahwa , Westland Stephen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDeciding a colour for a product is a significant task for designers to attract consumer attention and communicate brand messages. It requires an initial analysis that explores consumer expectations within the sector, and this information is then used to inform development of a product design. This article discusses the application of the product colour development process during the initial phase of product design. Using a case study approach, one particular product category—a dishwashing liquid product was selected based on the suggestion from a leading U.K. consumer goods manufacturing company that colour is a major design factor for this product category. In the first phase of the study, interviews and an online survey were carried out with consumers (to explore what elements are important when they purchase a washing‐up liquid product). In the second phase of the study, a colour meaning experiment was conducted to explore possible colours for dishwashing liquid packaging using a semantic differential method. The results show that yellowish and bluish green colours evoke positive responses while saturated and dark green colours are perceived more negatively.
Determination of the role of entrapped air in water flow in a closed soil pipe using a laboratory experiment
Authors: Yamasaki Takuhei , Imoto Hiromi , Hamamoto Shoichiro , Nishimura Taku 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSoil pipes, continuous macropores parallel to the soil surface, are an important factor in hillslope hydrological processes. However, the water flow dynamics in soil pipes, especially closed soil pipes, are not well understood. In this study, the water and air dynamics within closed soil pipes have been investigated in a bench‐scale laboratory experiment by using a soil box with an artificial acrylic soil pipe. In order to grasp the state of water and air within the soil pipe, we directly measured the existing soil pipe flow and air pressure in the soil pipe. The laboratory experiment showed that air in the soil pipe had an important role in the water flow in the closed soil pipe. When air entrapment occurred in the soil pipe before the soil matrix around the soil pipe was saturated with water, water intrusion in the soil pipe was prevented by air entrapped in the pipe, which inhibited the soil pipe flow. This air entrapment in the soil pipe was controlled by the soil water and air flow. Moreover, after the soil pipe flow started, the soil pipe was not filled completely with water even when the soil pipe was completely submerged under the groundwater table. The entrapped air in the soil pipe prevented further water intrusion in the soil pipe.
Inferring soil water movement and streamflow response in Canadian Prairie riparian areas using hydrologic state variables
Authors: Ross Cody A. , Ali Genevieve , Lobb David 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFlat terrain and soils with variable permeability make it difficult to assess the relative importance of surface and subsurface runoff in the Canadian Prairies, especially in riparian areas that are critical for water transmission and solute transport. The main objective of this study is therefore to determine whether patterns of hydrologic state variables, namely, near‐surface soil moisture (SM), soil electrical conductivity (SEC), and soil temperature (ST), can help infer riparian‐to‐stream soil water movement in Prairie landscapes. Focus is on the near‐level Catfish Creek Watershed (south‐eastern Manitoba, Canada) where 3 riparian sites were monitored: a naturally vegetated grassland site, a headwater forested site, and a highly impacted grassed site adjacent to an engineered drainage dyke and a man‐made drainage channel. Data from 9 to 12 SM, SEC, and ST surveys completed at each site in 2015 using a 75‐point grid are matched with riparian water table data, surface water level data from adjacent drainage channels, and indicators of antecedent moisture conditions. Pattern characteristics, in the form of descriptive statistics and variogram parameters, are estimated for each state variable and then correlated to indicators of antecedent moisture conditions, stream, and subsurface water level data to infer soil water movement. Results show that potential evapotranspiration, depth to water table, and antecedent precipitation have a significant yet variable impact on SM, SEC, and ST patterns. A switching behaviour, between dry and wet conditions, is present in riparian areas characterized by grassland vegetation and well‐drained soils. The occurrence of shallow subsurface flow is inferred during the wettest conditions. Although riparian SM conditions are useful for predicting streamflow response in adjacent channels, such is not the case for riparian SEC and ST. Further investigations are however necessary to confirm the usefulness of SM spatial patterns for predicting streamflow response in other landscapes across the Canadian Prairies.