bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The usefulness of adding p53 immunocytochemistry to bile drainage cytology for the diagnosis of malignant biliary strictures
Authors: Yeo Min‐Kyung , Kim Kyung‐Hee , Lee Yong‐Moon , Lee Byung Seok , Choi Song‐Yi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundObstructive jaundice is frequently caused by bile duct strictures. Determination of malignant strictures is crucial for the initiation of appropriate treatment. Cytologic examination of bile drainage fluid is an easy and reproducible method of detecting malignant cells. This method, however, frequently yields indeterminate results, such as atypia or suspicious of malignancy, due to difficulties in differentiating malignancy from benign atypia. Immunocytochemical assessment of p53 expression by cells in bile drainage fluid may enhance the ability to detect malignancy.MethodsA total of 139 samples of bile drainage fluid were obtained from 80 patients. Following cytologic examination, the samples were incubated with antibody to p53. The performance of cytology with and without p53 immunocytochemistry was evaluated, with reference to surgical or clinical findings of benign and malignant biliary strictures.ResultsBile drainage cytology alone had a sensitivity of 31.6% and a specificity of 98.4% in the identification of malignant strictures, whereas the combination of p53 immunocytochemistry and bile drainage cytology had a sensitivity of 80.3% and a specificity of 92.1%. P53 immunocytochemistry alone had a sensitivity of 64.5% and a specificity of 92.7% for the identification of malignant strictures in bile drainage samples with atypical cytology, and a sensitivity of 85.0% and a specificity of 100.0% in samples with suspicious of malignancy.ConclusionThe addition of p53 immunocytochemistry to bile drainage cytology can be useful in identifying malignant strictures in samples showing indeterminate results on bile drainage cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:592–597. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insularity effects on bird immune parameters: A comparison between island and mainland populations in West Africa
Authors: Lobato Elisa , Doutrelant Claire , Melo Martim , Reis Sandra , Covas Rita 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOceanic islands share several environmental characteristics that have been shown to drive convergent evolutionary changes in island organisms. One change that is often assumed but has seldom been examined is the evolution of weaker immune systems in island species. The reduction in species richness on islands is expected to lead to a reduced parasite pressure and, given that immune function is costly, island animals should show a reduced immune response. However, alternative hypotheses exist; for example, the slower pace of life on islands could favor the reorganization of the immune system components (innate vs. acquired immunity) on islands. Thus far, few island species have been studied and no general patterns have emerged. Here, we compared two immune parameters of birds from São Tomé and Príncipe islands to those of their close relatives at similar latitudes on the mainland (Gabon, West Africa). On islands, the acquired humoral component (total immunoglobulins) was lower for most species, whereas no clear pattern was detected for the innate component (haptoglobin levels). These different responses did not seem to arise from a reorganization of the two immune components, as both total immunoglobulins and haptoglobin levels were positively associated. This work adds to the few empirical studies conducted so far which suggest that changes in immune parameters in response to insularity are not as straightforward as initially thought.
Adaptation to fluctuating environments in a selection experiment withDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kubrak Olga I. , Nylin Sören , Flatt Thomas , Nässel Dick R. , Leimar Olof 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA fundamental question in life‐history evolution is how organisms cope with fluctuating environments, including variation between stressful and benign conditions. For short‐lived organisms, environments commonly vary between generations. Using a novel experimental design, we exposed wild‐derivedDrosophila melanogasterto three different selection regimes: one where generations alternated between starvation and benign conditions, and starvation was always preceded by early exposure to cold; another where starvation and benign conditions alternated in the same way, but cold shock sometimes preceded starvation and sometimes benign conditions; and a third where conditions were always benign. Using six replicate populations per selection regime, we found that selected flies increased their starvation resistance, most strongly for the regime where cold and starvation were reliably combined, and this occurred without decreased fecundity or extended developmental time. The selected flies became stress resistant, displayed a pronounced increase in early life food intake and resource storage. In contrast to previous experiments selecting for increased starvation resistance inD. melanogaster, we did not find increased storage of lipids as the main response, but instead that, in particular for females, storage of carbohydrates was more pronounced. We argue that faster mobilization of carbohydrates is advantageous in fluctuating environments and conclude that the phenotype that evolved in our experiment corresponds to a compromise between the requirements of stressful and benign environments.
The Multi‐level System of Global Climate Governance – the Model and its Current State
Authors: Jänicke Martin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMulti‐level global governance was introduced at the United Nations summit in Rio in 1992 as a new model to achieve a broad global mobilization of different actors in sustainable development. This model has been extended to climate governance. It has become a global system with its own inherent logic, dynamics and stabilization mechanisms. This article deals with the systemic dimension (the architecture) of global multi‐level climate governance across levels and sectors. It refers to the model and its practical implementation at different levels. The text poses four hypotheses: (1) the global multi‐level system of climate governance can be regarded as a structure which offers opportunities for ambitious innovation‐based climate strategies; (2) each level of the global system has its own specific responsibilities, challenges, opportunities and mechanisms for lesson‐drawing; (3) the main lesson to be learned is to make use of the co‐benefits characteristic to climate mitigation; and (4) the system's multi‐sectoral and multi‐actor structure provides additional opportunities to address such co‐benefits and to mobilize different interests in the pursuit of climate policy objectives. After outlining these hypotheses in more detail, the article will then conclude with a set of policy recommendations. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Policy and Governance published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Multi‐level Reinforcement in European Climate and Energy Governance: Mobilizing economic interests at the sub‐national levels
Authors: Jänicke Martin , Quitzow Rainer 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article explains the relatively successful performance of the European Union (EU) in climate and energy governance by two factors: (1) multi‐level reinforcement and (2) the mobilization of economic interests at different levels of governance through low‐carbon industrial policy. The article adds to the literature by further developing existing arguments on multi‐level reinforcement in climate and energy policy. We stress the point that economic co‐benefits of climate protection have been successfully mobilized at all levels of governance, including the sub‐national level, in recent times. This is illustrated by examples from pioneer countries as well as laggards and waverers in terms of national climate and energy policy. While it is far from certain whether the EU will indeed deliver the needed CO2 reductions to reach its internationally agreed targets, this paper, nevertheless, highlights why the EU system of climate governance remains relatively robust in light of the various challenges it currently faces. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Policy and Governance published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Placebo‐like analgesia via response imagery
Authors: Peerdeman K.J. , van Laarhoven A.I.M. , Bartels D.J.P. , Peters M.L. , Evers A.W.M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundPlacebo effects on pain are reliably observed in the literature. A core mechanism of these effects is response expectancies. Response expectancies can be formed by instructions, prior experiences and observation of others. Whether mental imagery of a response can also induce placebo‐like expectancy effects on pain has not yet been studied systematically.MethodsIn Study 1, 80 healthy participants were randomly allocated to (i) response imagery or (ii) control imagery. In Study 2, 135 healthy participants were randomly allocated to (i) response imagery with a verbal suggestion regarding its effectiveness, (ii) response imagery only, or (iii) no intervention. In both studies, expected and experienced pain during cold pressor tests were measured pre‐ and post‐intervention, along with psychological and physiological measures.ResultsParticipants rated pain as less intense after response imagery than after control imagery in Study 1 (p = 0.044, = 0.054) and as less intense after response imagery (with or without verbal suggestion) than after no imagery in Study 2 (p < 0.001, = 0.154). Adding a verbal suggestion did not affect pain (p = 0.068, = 0.038). The effects of response imagery on experienced pain were mediated by expected pain.ConclusionsThus, in line with research on placebo effects, the current findings indicate that response imagery can induce analgesia, via its effects on response expectancies.SignificanceThe reported studies extend research on placebo effects by demonstrating that mental imagery of reduced pain can induce placebo‐like expectancy effects on pain.
Hybrid Reduced Graphene Oxide/Manganese Diselenide Cubes: A New Electrode Material for Supercapacitors
Authors: Balamuralitharan B. , Karthick S. N. , Balasingam Suresh Kannan , Hemalatha K. V. , Selvam Samayanan , Raj J. Anandha , Prabakar Kandasamy , Jun Yongseok , Kim Hee‐Je 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe integration of 2 D graphene nanosheets and layered transition‐metal dichalcogenides has been recognized as one of the most extensive strategies for the synthesis of promising electrode materials for energy‐storage devices. In this study, cubic manganese diselenide (MnSe2) and hybrid reduced graphene oxide/MnSe2 (G‐MnSe2) materials were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. Metallic selenium impurities are considered to be a major unwanted byproduct in this method. An effective means to remove such bulk chalcogenides is a key challenge. For the synthesis of the G‐MnSe2 hybrid material, we used a strategy in which the graphene oxide was mixed with manganese and selenium precursors. Surprisingly, the final G‐MnSe2 product contained a negligible amount of selenium impurity. The MnSe2 and G‐MnSe2 hybrid materials were characterized in detail. For the first time, the electrochemical energy‐storage behavior of MnSe2‐based materials was assessed for supercapacitor applications. The specific capacitance of the MnSe2 electrode was approximately 57.8 mF cm−2, whereas the hybrid G‐MnSe2 electrode showed a much higher specific capacitance of 93.3 mF cm−2 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1. A symmetric cell made from the G‐MnSe2 hybrid material showed excellent long‐term stability for 4500 cycles and approximately 106 % retention of its initial capacitance, which is impressive compared with the cycle life of the MnSe2‐based symmetric cell (80 % capacitance retention at the 4500th cycle).
Composite of biomass and lead resistent Aspergillus oryzae for highly efficient aqueous phase Pb(II) adsorption
Authors: Ji Zehua , Feng Chongling , Wu Xiaofu , Li Yanfeng , Li Liugang , Liu Xiangjun 
Published: April 2017

In this research, compound biosorbent peanut shell‐HA (PSH) and millet chaff‐HA (MCH), which were composited by peanut shell (PS) and millet chaff (MC) with lead resistent Aspergillus oryzae (HA), respectively, were used to remove Pb2+ from aqueous solution. The characterize of biosorbents were analyzed by FTIR and SEM. Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of pH, biosorbent concentration, initial Pb2+ concentration and contact time on the Pb2+ removal. The results indicated that the functional groups and surface morphology of PSH and MCH were significantly different after compound procedures. The maximum adsorption capacity qm of PSH and MCH were 43.09% and 83.21% higher than PS and MC, respectively. Meanwhile, the compound biosorbent showed a significant adsorption advantage at the low pH and more efficient in adsorption compared to pristine materials. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics studies demonstrated that the adsorption process can be well fitted by the Langmuir and pseudo‐second‐order model, respectively. Fixed‐bed experiments showed that the MCH possesses stronger fixed bed adsorption capacity (qexp[MCH]=8.30 mg g−1,qexp[PSH]=7.13 mg g−1) and shorter height of mass transfer zone (H[MCH]=6.96 cm, H[PSH]=16.56 cm) than PSH. The compound biosorbents performs better than pristine materials with higher adsorption capacity. This study provides a promising strategy for manufacture of new biosorbent. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1658–1666, 2017
Investigation of efficient parameters on optimum insulation thickness based on theoretical‐Taguchi combined method
Authors: Arslanoglu Nurullah , Yigit Abdulvahap 
Published: April 2017

Thermal insulation of buildings is one of the most effective energy conservation methods. However, most of the building walls still have little or no insulation despite Turkish Thermal Insulation Standard in Turkey. Four provinces from different climate zones, obtained by the Turkish Thermal Insulation Standard; Izmir (1st zone), Istanbul (2nd zone), Ankara (3rd zone), and Erzurum (4th zone) were selected for analysis.The aim of this study is to investigate of efficient parameters on optimum insulation thickness (OIT) in terms of the order of importance using theoretical‐Taguchi coupled method. The OIT was considered as performance parameter. An L16 (43*22) orthogonal array was chosen as a design plan for the five parameters (wall, insulation, fuel type, heating degree‐day (HDD) and lifetime). The results were analyzed using signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance method. Furthermore, contribution ratios for each parameter on OIT. HDD value is the most effective parameter on the OIT with a contribution ratio of 34.53% percentage of the total effect. The second most effective parameter is insulation type with a contribution ratio of 30.6%, and the effect of fuel type on the OIT is contribution ratio of 24.18% and it is followed by lifetime (8.2%), wall type (0.67%), respectively. Consequently, daily mean temperature of cities is most important parameter on OIT. Insulation and fuel type effect is less than HDD, the impact of fuel type is close the impact of insulation type, and the effect of wall type is less than the other parameters. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1824–1831, 2017
A coupled surface‐subsurface model for hydrostatic flows under saturated and variably saturated conditions
Authors: Casulli Vincenzo 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn this paper, the governing differential equations for hydrostatic surface‐subsurface flows are derived from the Richards and from the Navier‐Stokes equations. A vertically integrated continuity equation is formulated to account for both surface and subsurface flows under saturated and variable saturated conditions. Numerically, the horizontal domain is covered by an unstructured orthogonal grid that may include subgrid specifications. Along the vertical direction, a simple z‐layer discretization is adopted. Semi‐implicit finite difference equations for velocities, and a finite volume approximation for the vertically integrated continuity equation, are derived in such a fashion that, after simple manipulation, the resulting discrete pressure equation can be assembled into a single, two‐dimensional, mildly nonlinear system. This system is solved by a nested Newton‐type method, which yields simultaneously the (hydrostatic) pressure and a nonnegative fluid volume throughout the computational grid. The resulting algorithm is relatively simple, extremely efficient, and very accurate. Stability, convergence, and exact mass conservation are assured throughout also in presence of wetting and drying, in variable saturated conditions, and during flow transition through the soil interface. A few examples illustrate the model applicability and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Significant curative functions of the mesenchymal stem cells on methotrexate‐induced kidney and liver injuries in rats
Authors: Gad Amany M. , Hassan Wedad A. , Fikry Ebtehal Mohammad 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) curative effects on methotrexate (MTX)‐induced kidney and liver injuries remain elusive. Therefore, rats were divided into five groups, rats received MTX orally (14 mg/kg) as a single dose/week for 2 weeks, groups 3 and 4 were injected once with 2 × 106 cells bone marrow MSCs and adipose‐derived MSCs, respectively. The last group administered dexamethasone (DEX) (0.5 mg/kg, p.o) for 7 days. MTX caused marked increase in malondialdehyde and nitrite/nitrate concentrations. However, MTX administration decreased reduced glutathione content plus catalase activity. In addition, MTX caused a significant increment in kidney and liver biomarkers levels. Moreover, MTX showed renal tubules vacuolation and necrosis of hepatocytes, as well expression of caspase‐3 and nuclear factor kappa beta in kidney and liver tissues were observed. MSCs treatment alleviated previous side effects induced by MTX. MSCs improved nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by MTX to a better extent as compared with DEX.
MR elastography detection of early viscoelastic response of the murine hippocampus to amyloid β accumulation and neuronal cell loss due to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Munder Tonia , Pfeffer Anna , Schreyer Stefanie , Guo Jing , Braun Juergen , Sack Ingolf , Steiner Barbara , Klein Charlotte 
Published: April 2017

PurposeTo investigate in vivo viscoelastic parameters related to early histopathological changes in the hippocampus and the cortex in early, preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages.Materials and MethodsMagnetic resonance elastography (MRE) was applied to female APP23 mice, an established transgenic mouse model of AD, at three different stages early in disease progression. To investigate the potential therapeutic effects of physical, cognitive, and social stimulation on brain viscoelasticity and histopathological characteristics, MRE was also applied after exposing young APP23 mice to environmentally enriched cage conditions (ENR), for 1, 12, or 24 weeks, which corresponds to adolescent, young‐adult, and adult age at the time of analysis.ResultsViscosity in the hippocampus of APP23 mice is lower than in controls (CTR) (P = 0.005) and does not increase with age, as in CTR mice (adolescent vs. young‐adult: P = 1.000, vs. adult: P = 0.493, young‐adult vs. adult: P = 1.000). Hippocampal cell numbers decrease with disease progression in APP23 mice (P < 0.001). Elasticity in the hippocampus is also reduced in APP23 mice (P = 0.024) but increases (P = 0.027) with disease progression. ENR in APP23 mice transiently increased hippocampal cell numbers (P = 0.002) but not viscosity (P = 0.838).ConclusionMRE detects alterations in viscoelasticity in the hippocampus related to early histopathological changes in the APP23 mouse model of AD.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:105–114.
Mapping water, oxygen, and pH dynamics in the rhizosphere of young maize roots
Authors: Rudolph-Mohr Nicole , Tötzke Christian , Kardjilov Nikolay , Oswald Sascha E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRhizosphere processes are highly dynamic in time and space and strongly depend on each other. Key factors influencing pH changes in the rhizosphere are root exudation, respiration, and nutrient supply, which are influenced by soil water content levels. In this study, we measured the real‐time distribution of soil water, pH changes, and oxygen distribution in the rhizosphere of young maize plants using a recently developed imaging approach. Neutron radiography was used to capture the root system and soil water distribution, while fluorescence imaging was employed to map soil pH and soil oxygen changes. Germinated seeds of maize (Zea mays L.) were planted in glass rhizotrons equipped with pH and oxygen‐sensitive sensor foils. After 20 d, the rhizotrons were wetted from the bottom and time‐lapsed images via fluorescence and neutron imaging were taken during the subsequent day and night cycles for 5 d. We found higher water content and stronger acidification in the first 0.5 mm from the root surface compared to the bulk soil, which could be a consequence of root exudation. While lateral roots only slightly acidified their rhizosphere, crown roots induced stronger acidification of up to 1 pH unit. We observed changing oxygen patterns at different soil moisture conditions and increasing towards lateral as well as crown roots while extending laterally with ongoing water logging. Our work indicates that plants alter the rhizosphere pH and oxygen also depending on root type, which may indirectly arise also from differences in age and water content changes. The results presented here were possible only by combining different imaging techniques to examine profiles at the root‐soil interface in a comprehensive way during wetting and drying.
Impact of major vascular resection on outcomes and survival in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A multi‐institutional analysis
Authors: Reames Bradley N. , Ejaz Aslam , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Alexandrescu Sorin , Marques Hugo P. , Aldrighetti Luca , Maithel Shishir K. , Pulitano Carlo , Bauer Todd W. , Shen Feng , Poultsides George A. , Martel Guillaume , Marsh James Wallis , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundMajor vascular involvement (IVC or portal vein) for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has traditionally been considered a contraindication to resection. We sought to define perioperative outcomes and survival of ICC patients undergoing hepatectomy with major vascular resection in a large international multi‐institutional database.MethodsA total of 1087 ICC patients who underwent curative‐intent hepatectomy between 1990 and 2016 were identified from 13 institutions. Multivariable logistic and cox regressions were used to determine the impact of major vascular resection on perioperative and survival outcomes.ResultsOf 1087 patients who underwent resection, 128 (11.8%) also underwent major vascular resection (21 [16.4%] IVC resections, 98 [76.6%] PV resections, 9 [7.0%] combined resections). Despite more advanced disease, major vascular resection was not associated with the risk of any complication (OR = 0.68, 95%CI 0.32‐1.45) or major complications (OR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.49‐2.00). Post‐operative mortality was also comparable between groups (OR = 1.05, 95%CI 0.32‐3.47). In addition, median recurrence‐free (14.0 vs 14.7 months, HR = 0.737, 95%CI 0.49‐1.10) and overall (33.4 vs 40.2 months, HR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.359‐1.40) survival were similar among patients who did and did not undergo major vascular resection (both P > 0.05).ConclusionAmong patients with ICC, major vascular resection was not associated with worse perioperative or oncologic outcomes. Concurrent major vascular resection should be considered in appropriately selected patients with ICC undergoing hepatectomy.