bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of dry aging on quality parameters, protein profile and protein oxidation level of beef
Authors: Savas Adem , Oz Emel , Elbir Zeynep , Oz Fatih 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe effect of dry aging process (15 and 30 days) on some quality parameters, protein profile and formation of protein oxidation products of beef was investigated. The maximum weight and trim loss were calculated to be 47.07% and 23.06%, respectively. The meat dry‐aged for 30 days had higher dry matter, pH and protein content, but lower L* and a* values than those of the unaged meats. There was a significant decrease in actin protein band density in the meat dry‐aged for 30 days and a new protein band of 32 kDa appeared in the myofibrillar protein fraction. The dry aging process caused an insignificant increase in the total carbonyl content (P > 0.05). However, the γ‐glutamic semialdehyde (GGS), α‐aminoadipic semialdehyde (AAS) and total GGS and AAS contents were higher in the dry‐aged meats for 30 days. Total GGS and AAS contents ranged from 15.36% to 31.87% of the total carbonyl content. It was found that there was no significant difference between control group (unaged) meats and the meat dry‐aged for 15 days in terms of protein oxidation products.
Factor affecting severe atherothrombotic cerebral infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Large‐scale claim database analysis of Japan
Authors: Horii Takeshi , Oikawa Yoichi , Kidowaki Kasumi , Shimada Akira , Mihara Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThis study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the exacerbation of the severity of atherothrombotic brain infarction at discharge in patients with type 2 diabetes using a large‐scale claims database.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cross‐sectional study utilized the Medical Data Vision administrative claims database, a nationwide database in Japan using acute care hospital data, and the Diagnosis Procedure Combination system. Diagnosis Procedure Combination data collected between April 1, 2008, and December 31, 2022, were extracted. Patients with type 2 diabetes were included. Severe atherothrombotic brain infarction was defined as a modified Rankin scale score of ≥3.ResultsSevere atherothrombotic brain infarction occurred in 43,916/99,864 (44.0%) patients with type 2 diabetes. The odds ratio for severe atherothrombotic brain infarction increased significantly per 10 year increments in age (odds ratio: 1.69, 95% confidence interval: 1.66–1.71). A body mass index of <25 kg/m2, with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 as reference, also increased the risk for severe atherothrombotic brain infarction (odds ratio: 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.15). The odds ratios in insulin and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor use were significantly higher than 1. In particular, statin use (odds ratio: 0.85, 95% confidence interval: 0.83–0.88), fibrate use (odds ratio: 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.59–0.78), aspirin use (odds ratio: 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.75–0.80), and P2Y12 inhibitor use (odds ratio: 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.85–0.91) were associated with a lower odds ratio for severe atherothrombotic brain infarction.ConclusionsThe active management of lipid levels using statins and fibrates may be beneficial in preventing the exacerbation of atherothrombotic brain infarction in type 2 diabetes patients.
Humans‐written versus ChatGPT‐generated case reports
Authors: Matsubara Shigeki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimArtificial intelligence, especially ChatGPT, has been used in various aspects of medicine; however, whether ChatGPT can be used in case report writing is unknown. This study aimed to provoke discussion and provide a platform for it.MethodsI wrote a theoretical case report where cyst aspiration cured a twisted ovarian cyst (Manuscript 4). I tasked ChatGPT with generating case reports by inputting information at three different levels: (1) key message and case profile, (2) addition of key introduction information (including known facts and problems to be solved), and (3) further addition of main discussion points. These inputs resulted in the creation of Manuscripts 1–3, which were subjected to analysis. Manuscript 3, generated by ChatGPT with the deepest information input, was compared with Manuscript 4, the human‐authored counterpart.ResultsWith the least information, Manuscript 1 can stand on its own, but its content is superficial. The more detailed data input, the more readable and reasonable the manuscripts become. A human‐written manuscript involves personal experience and viewpoints other than obstetrics‐gynecology.ConclusionsBetter input produced more reasonable and readable case reports. Human‐written paper, compared with ChatGPT‐generated one, can involve “human touch.” Whether such human touch enriches the case report awaits further discussion. Whether ChatGPT can be used in case report writing, and if it can, to what extent, should be worthy of further study. I encourage every doctor to form their own stance towards ChatGPT use in medical writing.
Development and Validation of the Epidemiological Diagnostic Instrument for Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Borges Raul Elton Araújo , Mendonça Luana da Rocha Alves , Roncalli da Costa Oliveira Angelo Giuseppe , dos Santos Calderon Patrícia 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a highly misreported health problem. Its diagnosis is complex and requires the use of valid and reliable instruments.ObjectiveTo develop and validate the Epidemiological Diagnostic Instrument for TMD (EDI/TMD).MethodsContent validity (CV), response process (RP), construct validity (EFA), reliability (inter and intraobserver consistency), and convergence validity of the EDI/TMD were assessed and compared to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD).ResultsAn instrument composed of a 9‐question questionnaire and a 12‐step clinical protocol was developed. CV analysis reduced the instrument to a 5‐question and 7‐step clinical protocol (CVI = 0.93). Some instructions were included after the RP. The EFA found three factors: myogenous TMD, arthrogenous TMD, and differential diagnosis. The reliability scores ranged from substantial to excellent. When compared to the DC/TMD, the EDI/TMD total score indicated that this instrument is valid and provides satisfactory diagnostic criteria (Kappa = 0.906;p < 0.001), and can distinguish non‐TMD and TMD individuals, with a cut‐off point of 4.9 (Sensitivity = 1.0; Specificity = 1.0; AUC = 1.0). For individuals who had both myogenous and arthrogenous TMD, the cut‐off point was 14 or higher (Sensitivity = 0.8; Specificity = 1.0; AUC = 0.987). For individuals who had either myogenous TMD (Sensitivity = 1.0; Specificity = 0.88; PPV = 0.89; NPV = 1.0) or arthrogenous TMD (Sensitivity = 0.95; Specificity = 0.87; PPV = 0.83; NPV = 0.96), the cut‐off point was between 5 and 13.9, with the highest EFA score being the determinant factor for final diagnosis.ConclusionBased on its psychometric properties, the EDI/TMD is a valid and reliable assessment tool that is capable of diagnosing TMD and classifying its subtypes.
A prospective multicenter observational study assessing incidence and risk factors for acute blood transfusion reactions in dogs
Authors: Hall Georgina B. F. , Birkbeck Rachael , Brainard Benjamin M. , Camacho Fernanda , Davidow Elizabeth B. , LeVine Dana N. , Mackin Andrew , Moss Taylor , Nash Katherine J. , Stanzani Giacomo , Starybrat Daria , Stoye David Q. , Tai Carolyn , Thomason John , Walker Julie M. , Wardrop K. Jane , Wilson Helen , Wurlod Virginie A. , Humm Karen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundReported incidence of blood transfusion reactions (TR) varies greatly.ObjectiveTo prospectively evaluate the incidence of acute TRs in dogs receiving allogenic blood products, using consensus definitions, and to assess factors associated with TRs.AnimalsDogs (n = 858) administered allogenic blood products (n = 1542) between March and November 2022.MethodsProspective, multicenter surveillance study occurring in referral hospitals in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia recording TRs in dogs administered blood products as defined by the consensus guidelines published by The Association of Veterinary Hematology and Transfusion Medicine in 2021.ResultsThe incidence of acute TR was 8.9% (95% CI 7.0‐11.1) for packed red blood cells (pRBCs) and 4.5% (95% CI 2.9‐6.6) for plasma products. The most frequently reported TRs were febrile nonhemolytic TRs (FNHTR; 4%, 95% CI 2.8‐5.5) when administering pRBCs and allergic TRs (3.2%, 95% CI 1.80‐5.10) when administering plasma products. A higher dose of pRBC (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.04 [95% CI 1.00‐1.08]) was associated with a higher odds of TR. Administration of pRBCs stored for longer than 28 days was associated with higher odds of FNHTR (aOR 4.10 [95% CI 1.58‐10.65]) and acute hemolytic TR (AHTR; OR 15.2 [95% CI 3.35‐68.70]) when compared with pRBCs stored for 14 days or fewer. Leukoreduction of pRBC was not associated with lower odds of developing a TR (OR 1.47 [95% CI 0.89‐2.42]).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceClinicians should be mindful of the age and dose of pRBC prescribed to dogs.
Longitudinal Epidemiology of Mucormycosis Within the Veterans Health Administration: A Retrospective Cohort Study Over a 20‐Year Period
Authors: Muthukumarasamy Nirmal , Suzuki Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMucormycosis is a rare but critical infection. Due to its rarity, there is scarce evidence about the longitudinal changes in the epidemiology of mucormycosis in the US.ObjectivesWe investigated the longitudinal epidemiology, detailed clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of patients with mucormycosis within the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) over 20‐year period.Patients/MethodsAll adult patients who were admitted to an acute‐care hospital with a diagnosis of mucormycosis within the VHA from January 2003 to December 2022.ResultsOur study included 201 patients from 68 hospitals. Incidence rates of mucormycosis increased from 1.9 per 100,000 hospitalisations in 2003 to 3.3 per 100,000 hospitalisations in 2022, with a peak incidence at 5.9 per 100,000 hospitalisations in 2021, when the Delta wave of COVID‐19 hit the US. Rhino‐orbital (37.3%) and pulmonary mucormycosis (36.8%) were the most common types of infection. Diabetes mellitus (59.1%) and leukaemia (28.9%) were most common comorbidities predisposing to mucormycosis. Use of posaconazole or isavuconazole increased over time. The 90‐day and 1‐year mortalities were 35.3% and 49.8%, respectively. The mortality was lower in more recent years (2013–2017, 2018–2022) compared to earlier years (2003–2007). Age ≥65 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.47, 95% CI 1.59–7.40), leukaemia as a comorbidity (aOR: 2.66, 95% CI 1.22–5.89) and central nervous system infection (aOR: 10.59, 95% CI 2.81–44.57) were significantly associated with higher 90‐day mortality.ConclusionsOur longitudinal cohort study suggests the increasing incidence rates but lower mortality of mucormycosis over this 20‐year period.
AtALMT5 mediates vacuolar fumarate import and regulates the malate/fumarate balance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Doireau Roxane , Jaślan Justyna , Cubero‐Font Paloma , Demes‐Causse Elsa , Bertaux Karen , Cassan Cédric , Pétriacq Pierre , De Angeli Alexis 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Malate and fumarate constitute a significant fraction of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis, and they are at the crossroad of central metabolic pathways. In Arabidopsis thaliana, they are transiently stored in the vacuole to keep cytosolic homeostasis.

The malate and fumarate transport systems of the vacuolar membrane are key players in the control of cell metabolism. Notably, the molecular identity of these transport systems remains mostly unresolved. We used a combination of imaging, electrophysiology and molecular physiology to identify an important molecular actor of dicarboxylic acid transport across the tonoplast.

Here, we report the function of the A. thaliana Aluminium‐Activated Malate Transporter 5 (AtALMT5). We characterised its ionic transport properties, expression pattern, localisation and function in vivo. We show that AtALMT5 is expressed in photosynthetically active tissues and localised in the tonoplast. Patch‐clamp and in planta analyses demonstrated that AtALMT5 is an ion channel‐mediating fumarate loading of the vacuole. We found in almt5 plants a reduced accumulation of fumarate in the leaves, in parallel with increased malate concentrations.

These results identified AtALMT5 as an ion channel‐mediating fumarate transport in the vacuoles of mesophyll cells and regulating the malate/fumarate balance in Arabidopsis.
From marketization to agency reclassification: A qualitative comparative analysis of de‐agencification in China
Authors: He Chenyang , Lo Carlos Wing‐Hung , Liu Ning , Tang Shui‐Yan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA standing contention in the agencification/de‐agencification literature concerns how to explain the adoption or reversal of the agency form for service delivery. What considerations—transaction costs or political and institutional factors—drive the choice of specific reform strategies? Employing a configurational perspective, this article examines this question in the context of China's service organization reform. By tracing the de‐agencification process and strategy shift of 11 service organizations in the environmental management system of Guangzhou, this article shows that transaction‐cost changes are neither sufficient nor necessary to explain strategy shifts or a slowdown of de‐agencification. A combination of political‐institutional factors can offset the influence of transaction‐cost changes. Reform uncertainty, if combined differently with other factors, can result in divergent outcomes. Moreover, political priority, rather than party politics, shapes China's de‐agencification. A shift in reform strategy does not necessarily impede the pace of de‐agencification reform.
Perceptions and Experiences of Gender Transformative Approaches in Rural Honduras*
Authors: Velasco Palacios Hazel , Castellanos Paige , Jensen Leif , Larson Janelle , Reyes Rocha Francisco Alfredo , Sachs Carolyn , Sanders Arie , Sexsmith Kathleen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis research examines the potential of gender‐transformative approaches (GTAs) to improve gender equality in agricultural extension programs and food security through experiential learning and participatory methods. Scholars of gender and agriculture have long highlighted the gender gap in access to agricultural resources; to address this issue, development organizations have integrated GTAs into their initiatives. The article presents an empirical case study of a gender transformative‐farmer field school (GTA‐FFS) in rural Honduras and examines participants' perceptions of the short‐ and long‐term benefits and limitations of these programs. The findings indicate that GTA‐FFSs can provide participants with valuable knowledge and skills in agriculture, but structural barriers such as lack of suitable land, access to water, labor, and time hinder their ability to apply the learnings. These barriers are particularly salient for women participants. This research contributes to the literature on GTAs by identifying structural barriers to their short‐ and long‐term success. It also offers insights for development practitioners and policymakers engaged in advancing gender equality and food security in rural contexts; in particular, strengthening the rural social safety net.
Valuative invariants for large classes of matroids
Authors: Ferroni Luis , Schröter Benjamin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study an operation in matroid theory that allows one to transition a given matroid into another with more bases via relaxing a stressed subset. This framework provides a new combinatorial characterization of the class of (elementary) split matroids. Moreover, it permits to describe an explicit matroid subdivision of a hypersimplex, which, in turn, can be used to write down concrete formulas for the evaluations of any valuative invariant on these matroids. This shows that evaluations on these matroids depend solely on the behavior of the invariant on a tractable subclass of Schubert matroids. We address systematically the consequences of our approach for several invariants. They include the volume and Ehrhart polynomial of base polytopes, the Tutte polynomial, Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials, the Whitney numbers of the first and second kinds, spectrum polynomials and a generalization of these by Denham, chain polynomials and Speyer's ‐polynomials, as well as Chow rings of matroids and their Hilbert–Poincaré series. The flexibility of this setting allows us to give a unified explanation for several recent results regarding the listed invariants; furthermore, we emphasize it as a powerful computational tool to produce explicit data and concrete examples.
GluN2C/D‐containing NMDA receptors enhance temporal summation and increase sound‐evoked and spontaneous firing in the inferior colliculus
Authors: Drotos Audrey C. , Zarb Rachel L. , Booth Victoria , Roberts Michael T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlong the ascending auditory pathway, there is a broad shift from temporal coding, which is common in the lower auditory brainstem, to rate coding, which predominates in auditory cortex. This temporal‐to‐rate transition is particularly prominent in the inferior colliculus (IC), the midbrain hub of the auditory system, but the mechanisms that govern how individual IC neurons integrate information across time remain largely unknown. Here, we report the widespread expression of Glun2c and Glun2d mRNA in IC neurons. GluN2C/D‐containing NMDA receptors are relatively insensitive to voltage‐dependent Mg2+ blockade, and thus can conduct current at resting membrane potential. Using in situ hybridization and pharmacology, we show that vasoactive intestinal peptide neurons in the IC express GluN2D‐containing NMDA receptors that are activatable by commissural inputs from the contralateral IC. In addition, GluN2C/D‐containing receptors have much slower kinetics than other NMDA receptors, and we found that GluN2D‐containing receptors facilitate temporal summation of synaptic inputs in vasoactive intestinal peptide neurons. In a model neuron, we show that a GluN2C/D‐like conductance interacts with the passive membrane properties of the neuron to alter temporal and rate coding of stimulus trains. Consistent with this, we show in vivo that blocking GluN2C/D‐containing receptors decreases both the spontaneous firing rate and the overall firing rate elicited by amplitude‐modulated sounds in many IC neurons. These results suggest that GluN2C/D‐containing NMDA receptors influence rate coding for auditory stimuli in the IC by facilitating the temporal integration of synaptic inputs.
imageKey points
NMDA receptors are critical components of most glutamatergic circuits in the brain, and the diversity of NMDA receptor subtypes yields receptors with a variety of functions.
We found that many neurons in the auditory midbrain express GluN2C and/or GluN2D NMDA receptor subunits, which are less sensitive to Mg2+ blockade than the more commonly expressed GluN2A/B subunits.
We show that GluN2C/D‐containing receptors conducted current at resting membrane potential and enhanced temporal summation of synaptic inputs.
In a model, we show that GluN2C/D‐containing receptors provide additive gain for input‐output functions driven by trains of synaptic inputs.
In line with this, we found that blocking GluN2C/D‐containing NMDA receptors in vivo decreased both spontaneous firing rates and firing evoked by amplitude‐modulated sounds.
Hydrogen & Ammonia Powered Turbofan Design Implications For Next Generation Of Aircraft Engines
Authors: Sasi Sarath , Mourouzidis Christos , Rajendran David John , Roumeliotis Ioannis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to establish the cycle design implications for turbofan engines that will be powered by Hydrogen and Ammonia. Appropriate methodologies are employed to address the identified research questions. A comprehensive turbofan design space exploration is performed for Hydrogen and Ammonia. An evaluation of engine size and weight is carried out for both Hydrogen and Ammonia, with the support of three distinct turbofan design strategies. The impact of fan size (specific thrust) on the cycle design of turbofan engines powered by Hydrogen and Ammonia is assessed. The turbofan design opportunities when powered by Hydrogen across aircraft category is explored. The impact of fan size and the cryogenic tank technology on a Hydrogen aircraft is investigated. It is identified that Hydrogen and Ammonia offered three main turbofan design opportunities. Hydrogen and Ammonia significantly affects the engine size, weight and operating temperatures based on the design strategy selected. With similar ESFC breakpoints for very low specific thrust values, Hydrogen and Ammonia showcases significant departure in BPRs from kerosene for all ranges of fan sizes. Hydrogen offers significant turbofan redesign opportunities across aircraft category (SMR and LR). Cryogenic tank technology is a major design driver for both Hydrogen turbofan and aircraft mission energy burn.
Activation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling and induction of apoptosis by salicylate synthase NbtS in
Nocardia farcinica
promotes neuroinflammation development
Authors: Shen Jirao , Ji Xing zhao , Han Lichao , Yao Jiang , Liang Yihe , Yuan Min , Xu Shuai , Li Zhenjun 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Nocardia farcinica
can cause a rare, yet potentially fatal, central nervous system infection. NbtS protein may be a key virulence factor in
N. farcinica
infection of the brain. In this study, we investigated the function of the virulence-associated factor NbtS in microglial cells
in vitro
and in infected mice
in vivo
. We explored the interactions between NbtS and microglial cells (BV2 and human microglial clone 3), revealing that NbtS activates the toll-like receptor 4-dependent MyD88-IRAK4-IRAK1 and MAPK/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, significantly enhancing pro-inflammatory responses as indicated by increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), as measured by ELISA and quantitative PCR. Apoptosis was elevated in these cells, as shown by increased expression of Bax and caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2 levels. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay also confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis. In vivo, mice infected with an
RS03155
-deficient strain of
N. farcinica
exhibited higher survival rates and reduced brain inflammation, suggesting a pivotal role for the NbtS protein in the pathogenesis of
Nocardia
. Conservation of the
RS03155
gene across
Nocardia
spp. was verified by PCR, and the immunogenic potential of NbtS was confirmed by Western blot analysis using sera from infected mice. These findings suggest that targeting NbtS may offer a novel therapeutic strategy against
Nocardia
infection.

IMPORTANCE

The study presented in this article delves into the molecular underpinnings of
Nocardia farcinica
-induced neuroinflammation. By focusing on the salicylate synthase gene,
RS03155
, and its encoded protein, NbtS, we uncover a pivotal virulence factor that triggers a cascade of immunological responses leading to apoptosis in microglial cells. This research not only enhances our comprehension of the pathogenesis of
Nocardia
infections but also provides a potential therapeutic target. Given the rising importance of understanding host-microbe interactions within the context of the central nervous system, especially in immunocompromised individuals, the findings are of significant relevance to the field of microbiology and could inform future diagnostic and treatment modalities for
Nocardia
-associated neurological disorders. Our work emphasizes the need for continued research into the intricate mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis and the development of novel strategies to combat life-threatening infections.