bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WoSIS: providing standardised soil profile data for the world
Authors: Batjes Niels H. , Ribeiro Eloi , van Oostrum Ad , Leenaars Johan , Hengl Tom , Mendes de Jesus Jorge 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The aim of the World Soil Information Service (WoSIS) is to serve quality-assessed, georeferenced soil data (point, polygon, and grid) to the international community upon their standardisation and harmonisation. So far, the focus has been on developing procedures for legacy point data with special attention to the selection of soil analytical and physical properties considered in the GlobalSoilMap specifications (e.g. organic carbon, soil pH, soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), coarse fragments ( <  2 mm), cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, bulk density, and water holding capacity). Profile data managed in WoSIS were contributed by a wide range of soil data providers; the data have been described, sampled, and analysed according to methods and standards in use in the originating countries. Hence, special attention was paid to measures for soil data quality and the standardisation of soil property definitions, soil property values, and soil analytical method descriptions. At the time of writing, the full WoSIS database contained some 118 400 unique shared soil profiles, of which some 96 000 are georeferenced within defined limits. In total, this corresponds with over 31 million soil records, of which some 20 % have so far been quality-assessed and standardised using the sequential procedure discussed in this paper. The number of measured data for each property varies between profiles and with depth, generally depending on the purpose of the initial studies. Overall, the data lineage strongly determined which data could be standardised with acceptable confidence in accord with WoSIS procedures, corresponding to over 4 million records for 94 441 profiles. The publicly available data – WoSIS snapshot of July 2016 – are persistently accessible from ISRIC WDC-Soils through doi:10.17027/isric-wdcsoils.20160003.
Descriptive Epidemiology of Acetabular Dysplasia: The Academic Network of Conservational Hip Outcomes Research (ANCHOR) Periacetabular Osteotomy
Authors: Sankar Wudbhav N. , Duncan Stephen T. , Baca Geneva R. , Beaulé Paul E. , Millis Michael B. , Kim Young-jo , Peters Christopher L. , Podeszwa David A. , Schoenecker Perry L. , Sierra Rafael J. , Sink Ernest L. , Sucato Daniel J. , Trousdale Robert T. , Zaltz Ira , Clohisy John C. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an established treatment for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia, which is a well-recognized cause of hip pain, functional limitations, and secondary osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to describe the demographics of patients undergoing PAO, the baseline patient-reported outcome measures for this population, and the types of adjunctive procedures performed at the time of PAO surgery.

Methods:
Demographics, disease characteristics, and patient-reported functional measures were prospectively collected from all patients who underwent PAO performed by 12 surgeons from 2008 to 2013.

Results:
We enrolled 950 consecutive patients (982 hips) in the study; 83% were female and 17% were male, with an average age of 25.3 years and an average body mass index (BMI) of 24.6 kg/m2. Most patients were Caucasian (87%), and 15% had undergone previous hip surgery. Before PAO was performed, most patients had had symptoms for 1 to 3 years. Baseline modified Harris Hip and University of California Los Angeles activity scores (61.8 and 6.6, respectively) indicated that patients had considerable functional limitations.

Discussion:
Patients undergoing PAO for symptomatic dysplasia were predominantly young, female, and Caucasian with a normal BMI. Many patients had undergone prior hip surgery, and most had had symptoms for several years before treatment. Baseline patient-reported functional scores demonstrated marked functional limitations. Adjunctive procedures for intra-articular pathology, especially femoral osteochondroplasty and hip arthroscopy, are commonly performed at the time of PAO.
Social theory and the significance of free will in our system of criminal justice
Authors: Schwitters Rob 
Published: January 2017

Social theory and the significance of free will in our system of criminal justice
Free will is a key assumption of our system of criminal justice. However, the assumption of a free will is questioned by the rapidly growing empirical findings of the neuro and the brain sciences. These indicate that human behavior is driven by subconscious forces beyond the free will. In this text I aim to indicate how social theory might contribute to this debate. This text is an attempt to demonstrate that social theory does not automatically side with the deterministic attacks on free will. The denial of the free will is to a great extent based on a flawed interpretation of free will, in which it is seen as a capacity of separate individuals. I will suggest that it is the sociological realization that free will is embedded in intersubjective relations that helps to clarify which value is at stake when we deny free will. Free will presumes social practices and social relations that facilitate moral and political discourse. As long as we see human actors as capable to evaluate these practices and contexts in moral and political terms, we cannot deny them a free will. My argumentation will build on the theories of Peter Strawson, Anthony Giddens and Jürgen Habermas.
Bioinformatics Patents - The Challenges
Authors: Shenoy Rujita Ravindra 
Published: January 2017

This paper examines the problems and complexities created by the patent regime as well as challenges posed by accommodating new technologies like bioinformatics in its traditional patent framework. It examines and analyses the standards of biotechnology and software patents followed in the US, EU and India based on judicial precedents and its implications on bioinformatics patents, analyses bioinformatics patents granted in the United States and European Union and examines theÂ Indian Patent Manual and the patentability standards followed in India.Keywords: Bioinformatics, Patents, Information Technology, research tools, biotechnology and software patents, Intellectual Property Rights.Â
Musique contemporaine et cinéma : panorama d’un territoire sans frontières
Authors: Langlois Philippe 
Published: January 2017

Musique contemporaine et images cinématographiques ont une histoire en commun qui s’est illustrée tout au long du xxe siècle par la richesse et l’inventivité qui ont résulté de leur rencontre. Dans le contexte cinématographique, la musique contemporaine ne se déploie plus seulement dans la sphère du cinéma expérimental et d’avant-garde, mais touche un plus large public du fait de son emploi de plus en plus fréquent dans le cinéma de fiction, le documentaire de création ou le cinéma d’auteur. L’influence de la musique concrète et électroacoustique après 1945, l’influence du courant minimaliste américain à partir de 1960-1970 et l’apparition du postmodernisme dans les années 1980 constituent les jalons qui ont décuplé l’étendue des possibilités de dialogue audiovisuel.
La messe de terre de Michel Chion : de la liturgie à l’autoportrait
Authors: Macé Pierre-Yves 
Published: January 2017

Renommé tant pour ses essais sur le son au cinéma que pour ses compositions de musique concrète, Michel Chion (né en 1947) produit également un travail cinématographique et vidéo qui s’inscrit dans le prolongement de son écriture musicale. Oeuvre-somme d’une durée de 2 h 30 min, La messe de terre est une véritable « liturgie audio-logo-visuelle » qui associe la musique concrète à une composition très sophistiquée des images. Si l’oeuvre est dominée par la césure, le clivage entre ce que l’on voit et ce que l’on entend, sa trajectoire fait peu à peu converger l’image et le son dans la constitution commune d’une « architecture de temps ». Dans les marges du genre de la messe se laissent alors deviner les traces d’un autoportrait vidéo croisant le home movie et le journal de travail.
Prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among diabetes mellitus adults in the Jilin province in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Qiu Shuang , Sun Xuan Hong , Liu Wen Ya , Kanu Joseph Sam , Li Ri , Yu Qin Ya , Huang Feng Xu , Li Bo , Zhang Yang Xiang 
Published: January 2017

Background
Psychological disorders are common in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of psychological distress and to determine the influence factors associated with psychological distress among DM patients in the Jilin province of China.

Methods and Materials
Multistage, stratified cluster sampling was used in this cross-sectional study. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to assess psychological status with the total score of ≥4 as the threshold for psychological distress.

Results
A total of 1,956 subjects with DM were included in the study. Out of this total diabetic participants, 524 (26.8%) had psychological distress. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that low educational level, divorce or separation from one’s spouse, low family average monthly income, short sleep duration, being aware of DM status, and multiple co-morbidities are positively associated with psychological distress (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions
This study revealed a high rate of psychological distress among DM population in Jilin province. Low educational level, divorce or separation from one’s spouse, low family average monthly income, short sleep duration, awareness of DM status, and multiple co-morbidities are all associated with psychological distress among our study subjects. Interventions to control these factors are needed to address the psychological problems among diabetics in Jilin Province.
Mitigation implications of an ice‐free summer in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: González‐Eguino Mikel , Neumann Marc B. , Arto Iñaki , Capellán‐Perez Iñigo , Faria Sérgio H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe rapid loss of sea ice in the Arctic is one of the most striking manifestations of climate change. As sea ice melts, more open water is exposed to solar radiation, absorbing heat and generating a sea‐ice–albedo feedback that reinforces Arctic warming. Recent studies stress the significance of this feedback mechanism and suggest that ice‐free summer conditions in the Arctic Ocean may occur faster than previously expected, even under low‐emissions pathways. Here we use an integrated assessment model to explore the implications of a potentially rapid sea‐ice‐loss process. We consider a scenario leading to a full month free of sea ice in September 2050, followed by three potential trajectories afterward: partial recovery, stabilization, and continued loss of sea ice. We analyze how these scenarios affect the efforts to keep global temperature increase below 2°C. Our results show that sea‐ice melting in the Arctic requires more stringent mitigation efforts globally. We find that global CO2 emissions would need to reach zero levels 5–15 years earlier and that the carbon budget would need to be reduced by 20%–51% to offset this additional source of warming. The extra mitigation effort would imply an 18%–59% higher mitigation cost to society. Our results also show that to achieve the 1.5°C target in the presence of ice‐free summers negative emissions would be needed. This study highlights the need for a better understanding of how the rapid changes observed in the Arctic may impact our society.
White matter predicts functional connectivity in premanifest Huntington's disease
Authors: McColgan Peter , Gregory Sarah , Razi Adeel , Seunarine Kiran K. , Gargouri Fatma , Durr Alexandra , Roos Raymund A. C. , Leavitt Blair R. , Scahill Rachael I. , Clark Chris A. , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Rees Geraint ,   and the Track On‐HD Investigators
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe distribution of pathology in neurodegenerative disease can be predicted by the organizational characteristics of white matter in healthy brains. However, we have very little evidence for the impact these pathological changes have on brain function. Understanding any such link between structure and function is critical for understanding how underlying brain pathology influences the progressive behavioral changes associated with neurodegeneration. Here, we demonstrate such a link between structure and function in individuals with premanifest Huntington's.MethodsUsing diffusion tractography and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging to characterize white matter organization and functional connectivity, we investigate whether characteristic patterns of white matter organization in the healthy human brain shape the changes in functional coupling between brain regions in premanifest Huntington's disease.ResultsWe find changes in functional connectivity in premanifest Huntington's disease that link directly to underlying patterns of white matter organization in healthy brains. Specifically, brain areas with strong structural connectivity show decreases in functional connectivity in premanifest Huntington's disease relative to controls, while regions with weak structural connectivity show increases in functional connectivity. Furthermore, we identify a pattern of dissociation in the strongest functional connections between anterior and posterior brain regions such that anterior functional connectivity increases in strength in premanifest Huntington's disease, while posterior functional connectivity decreases.InterpretationOur findings demonstrate that organizational principles of white matter underlie changes in functional connectivity in premanifest Huntington's disease. Furthermore, we demonstrate functional antero–posterior dissociation that is in keeping with the caudo–rostral gradient of striatal pathology in HD.
Association of cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity with inflammatory biomarkers in young adults
Authors: Park Eunduck , Meininger Janet C. , Kang Duck‐Hee , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Padhye Nikhil S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesCardiorespiratory fitness (fitness) has been inversely associated with inflammation, but whether the association is attributed to fitness itself or lower levels of adiposity remains uncertain in young adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of fitness and adiposity with inflammation in young adults.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 88 participants aged 20–34 years. Fitness was assessed by a submaximal treadmill walking test. Adiposity was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Inflammation was measured by plasma C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) levels using immunoassays. Biological data were log10 transformed. A separate multiple regression analysis was conducted with each inflammatory biomarker as a dependent variable. Covariates (sex, oral contraceptive use, and education level) were adjusted.ResultsFitness was inversely associated with log10 CRP after adjustment for covariates but not after adjusting for BMI or WC. Fitness was inversely associated with log10 IL‐6 after adjustment for WC and covariates (β = −0.341, P = .049) but not after adjusting for BMI. Fitness × WC interaction (partial eta2 = 0.056, P = .033) indicated that high fitness was more strongly associated with low log10 IL‐6 in young adults with high WC than those with low WC.ConclusionsAlthough adiposity has a stronger association than fitness with CRP and IL‐6, higher levels of fitness could be essential for maintaining low levels of IL‐6, especially in the presence of high levels of central adiposity.
Nutritional, inflammatory, and ecological correlates of maternal retinol allocation to breast milk in agro‐pastoral Ariaal communities of northern Kenya
Authors: Fujita Masako , Lo Yun‐Jia , Brindle Eleanor 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesVitamin A (VA) is an essential micronutrient required for a range of biological functions throughout life. VA deficiency (VAD) claims an estimated 1 million preschool children's lives annually. Human milk is enriched with VA (retinol) from the maternal blood, which originates from the hepatic reserve and dietary intake. Secreting retinol into milk will benefit the nursing infant through breast milk, but retaining retinol is also important for the maternal health. Previous studies found that the public health intervention of high‐dose VA supplementation to lactating mothers did not significantly lower child mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently acknowledged that our understanding about the principle of VA allocation within the maternal system and the secretion into milk is too incomplete to devise an effective intervention.MethodsWe present a secondary analysis of data collected among lactating mothers in VAD endemic northern Kenya (n = 171), examining nutritional, inflammatory, and ecological factors that might associate with maternal retinol allocation. Regression models were applied using the outcome milk‐retinol allocation index: milk retinol/(milk retinol + serum retinol).ResultsTen percent of the sample was identified as VAD. The average milk retinol concentration was 0.1 μmo/L, grossly below what is considered minimally necessary for an infant (1 μmol/L). VAD mothers and mothers with inflammation did not seem to compromise their milk retinol even though their serum retinol was lower than non‐VAD and noninflammation mothers. Breast milk fat concentration positively correlated with milk retinol but not with serum retinol.ConclusionsThis exploratory study contributes toward an understanding of maternal retinol allocation.
Water‐Soluble Pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrroles: Synthesis, Luminescence and Two‐Photon Cellular Imaging Properties
Authors: Santra Mithun , Jun Yong Woong , Bae Juryang , Sarkar Sourav , Choi Wanuk , Gryko Daniel T. , Ahn Kyo Han 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWater‐soluble, quadrupolar (A‐π‐D‐π‐A) pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole dyes have been prepared, and their photophysical properties, including solid‐state fluorescence, are characterized. Analysis of packing patterns of the para analogue in single crystal shows negligible π–π interactions between molecular planes in stacked layers, resulting in no fluorescence quenching in the aggregate state. One of the dyes is used for fluorescence imaging of cells by confocal and two‐photon microscopy, showing potential applicability of such dyes as bioimaging agents.
Synthesis and investigation of dual pH‐ and temperature‐responsive behaviour of poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]‐grafted gold nanoparticles
Authors: Mohammadi Maryam , Salami‐Kalajahi Mehdi , Roghani‐Mamaqani Hossein , Golshan Marzieh 
Published: January 2017

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized by reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) aqueous solution with hydrazine monohydrate. The AuNPs were immediately treated with cysteamine to obtain amine‐functionalized nanoparticles (Au‐NH2). The reaction of Au‐NH2 with epichlorohydrin and subsequent treatment with sodium hydroxide gave epoxidized AuNPs (Au‐EP). Then, thiol‐capped AuNPs (Au‐SH) were synthesized by reaction of Au‐EP with cysteamine. A ‘grafting to’ approach was utilized to graft bromine‐terminated poly(N,N′‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), synthesized via aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization, with various molecular weights (6280, 25 800, 64 200 and 87 600 g mol−1) onto Au‐SH to obtain Au‐P1, Au‐P2, Au‐P3 and Au‐P4 samples, respectively. All samples were exposed to temperature and pH variations, and Z‐average diameter was monitored using dynamic light scattering. According to the results, polymer‐grafted nanoparticles collapsed at lower temperatures with increasing solution pH for all molecular weight ranges due to deprotonation of tertiary amine groups. However, higher molecular weight polymers were more sensitive to pH variation especially in alkaline media. Also, a high degree of agglomeration was observed for Au‐P4 nanoparticles in alkaline media on increasing the temperature to 55 and 65 °C.
A simulation approach to achieve the best miscible enrichment in gas flooding and chemical injection process for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Salari Sardari F. , Khorsand Movaghar M.R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe effect of injected gas composition (as minimum miscible enrichment) on minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) and respective oil recovery has been studied through numerical slim tube simulation on a wide range of gas compositions. An initial comparative study on the performances of representative equations of state for predicting MMP in slim tube simulations has proven Peng–Robinson equation of state to provide results with better agreement with experimental data. Different injection scenarios are then designed to understand the effects of varying percentages of each component (like CO2) into the injected gas mixture on MMP. MMP decreased when the concentration of CO2 and intermediate components (C2–C6) increased. It was also found that when C7+ content in the injected gas increased, recovery factor decreased significantly. Further investigations on the effect of adding benzene, toluene, and xylene as chemicals into the injected gas (in slim tube simulations) also prove that addition of these aromatics can obviously improve oil recovery and decrease MMP and toluene gives the better results in comparison with the other ones. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Down‐regulation of a chitin synthase a gene by RNA interference enhances pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana ANU1 against Spodoptera exigua (HÜBNER)
Authors: Lee Jung‐Bok , Kim Hyun Soo , Park Youngjin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChitin synthase (CHS) is an important enzymatic component, which is required for chitin formation in the cuticles and cuticular linings of other tissues in insects. CHSs have been divided into two classes, classes A and B, based on their amino acid sequence similarities and functions. Class A CHS (CHS‐A) is specifically expressed in the epidermis and related ectodermal cells such as tracheal cells, while class B CHS (CHS‐B) is expressed in gut epithelial cells that produce peritrophic matrices. In this study, we cloned the CHS‐A gene from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (SeCHS‐A). The SeCHS‐A contains an open reading frame of 4,698 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 1,565 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of approximately 177.8 kDa. The SeCHS‐A mRNA was expressed in all developmental stages and specifically in the epidermis and tracheae tissue by quantitative real‐time‐PCR analysis. Expression of SeCHS‐A gene was suppressed by feeding double‐stranded RNA (dsCHS‐A, 400 ng/larva) in the third instar larvae of S. exigua. Suppression of the SeCHS‐A gene expression significantly increased 35% of mortality on pupation of S. exigua. Also, the third instar larvae fed with dsCHS‐A significantly increased susceptibility to entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana ANU1 at 3 days after treatment. These results suggest that the SeCHS‐A gene plays an important role in development of S. exigua and RNA interference may apply to effective pest control with B. bassiana.