bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in healthy dogs
Authors: Marks Stanley L. , Douthitt Katie L. , Belafsky Peter C. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess feasibility of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in awake dogs, determine whether specific variables associated with the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing can be recognized, and evaluate the safety and tolerability of FEES.
ANIMALS 6 healthy client-owned large- and giant-breed adult dogs.
PROCEDURES A topical anesthetic was applied to the nasal passage of each dog, and a fiberoptic endoscope was passed transnasally until the tip of the scope was positioned in the oropharynx. All dogs voluntarily drank colored water followed by consumption of a commercial canned diet and then a kibble diet mixed with food color. During each swallow, laryngeal and pharyngeal anatomic structures were evaluated and depth of bolus flow prior to the pharyngeal phase of swallowing was assessed. Evidence of bolus retention in the vallecula or pyriform sinuses and laryngeal penetration of the bolus were recorded.
RESULTS FEES was completed without major adverse events and was tolerated well by all 6 dogs. Mild, self-limiting epistaxis was noted for 2 dogs. The nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx were observed in all dogs; movement of food boluses through the esophagus was observed in 2 dogs, and food boluses in the stomach were visible in 1 dog. Pharyngeal and laryngeal function was considered physiologically normal in all dogs.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE FEES appeared to be a feasible diagnostic tool for use in large- and giant-breed dogs. Studies are warranted in dogs with oropharyngeal dysphagia to determine whether FEES can be tolerated and whether it can augment videofluoroscopy findings.
In vitro development and evaluation of a polyacrylic acid–silicone device intended for gradual occlusion of portosystemic shunts in dogs and cats
Authors: Wallace Mandy L. , Ellison Gary W. , Batich Christopher , Case J. Brad , Kim Stanley E. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a device intended for gradual venous occlusion over 4 to 6 weeks.
SAMPLE Silicone tubing filled with various inorganic salt and polyacrylic acid (PAA) formulations and mounted within a polypropylene or polyether ether ketone (PEEK) outer ring.
PROCEDURES 15 polypropylene prototype rings were initially filled with 1 of 5 formulations and placed in PBSS. In a second test, 10 polypropylene and 7 PEEK prototype rings were filled with 1 formulation and placed in PBSS. In a third test, 2 formulations were loaded into 6 PEEK rings each, placed in physiologic solution, and incubated. In all tests, ring luminal diameter, outer diameter, and luminal area were measured over 6 weeks.
RESULTS In the first test, 2 formulations had the greatest changes in luminal area and diameter, and 1 of those had a greater linear swell rate than the other had. In the second test, 6 of 7 PEEK rings and 6 of 10 polypropylene rings closed to a luminal diamater < 1 mm within 6 weeks. Polypropylene rings had a greater increase in outer diameter than did PEEK rings between 4.5 and 6 weeks. In the third test, 11 of 12 PEEK rings gradually closed to a luminal diameter < 1 mm within 6 weeks.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A PAA and inorganic salt formulation in a prototype silicone and polymer ring resulted in gradual occlusion over 4 to 6 weeks in vitro. Prototype PEEK rings provided more reliable closure than did polypropylene rings.
Optimization of process parameters for rectangular cup deep drawing by the Taguchi method and genetic algorithm
Authors: Sener Bora , Kurtaran Hasan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article presents the optimization of process parameters in reducing the risk of failure due to wrinkling and fracture in deep drawing of a rectangular cup. Blank holder force, friction coefficient, punch radius and initial blank shape were chosen as design parameters. Wrinkling and fracture criteria were used as objective functions. Two-stage optimization approach was used. In the first stage optimization, optimum blank shape was determined using the Taguchi optimization method. In the second stage optimization, optimum parameter values were determined for the selected blank shape by the first stage optimization using genetic algorithm. In the second stage of optimization, response surface models based on 3-level full factorial design of experiments were constructed. Finite element simulation results were used for creating response surface models. Parameters obtained from optimization study were confirmed by conducting deep drawing simulations using commercial code DYNAFORM 5.9.2. Optimum results showed that proposed optimization methodology can solve wrinkling and fracture problems in the sheet metal forming process.
An Evidence-based Approach to Developing the Collaborative, Client-Centred Nutrition Education (3CNE) Framework and Practice Points
Authors: Morley Catherine , MacLellan Deborah , Traviss Karol , Cividin Theresa 
Published: February 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this, the third phase of a 3-phase research project, was to develop guidelines for client-centred nutrition education (NE). Methods: A 3-phase study was conducted using a progressive development design, where each phase informed the subsequent phase. Phase 1 was a national online survey of dietitians’ perceptions of consumers’ NE needs and preferences; results informed the Phase 2 national online survey of consumers about their NE needs and preferences. Phase 3 involved national 2-part teleconference consultations with dietitians to discuss implications of the Phase 2 findings for NE practice. This paper is the report of Phase 3. Results: Discussion group participants were 22 dietitians from around Canada who had been in practice for an average of 14.5 years. Discussions resulted in the development of the Collaborative Client-Centred Nutrition Education (3CNE) conceptual framework and related Practice Points that explicate the complexity of NE practice. Conclusion: The 3CNE framework and Practice Points provide a means to inform precepting students and interns, and for use in planning for the professional development of practicing dietitians on providing client-centred NE.
Cranioplasty using custom-made hydroxyapatite versus titanium: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lindner Dirk , Schlothofer-Schumann Kathrin , Kern Bodo-Christian , Marx Omeima , Müns Andrea , Meixensberger Jürgen 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
Cranioplasty is routinely performed in neurosurgery. One of its underestimated problems is the high postoperative complication rate of up to 40%. Due to the lack of good prospective studies and the small number of patients (5–20 each year) who receive alloplastic materials, decisions in favor or against a certain material are based on subjective empirical or economic reasons. The main goal of this study—the first prospective, randomized multicenter study in Germany—of custom-made titanium and hydroxyapatite (HA) implants was to compare local and systemic infections related to the implant within the first 6 months after implantation. Secondary objectives included comparing the reoperation rate, the complication rate, clinical and neurological outcomes, and health-related quality of life.

METHODS
The study included patient screening and randomization at 6 to 8 weeks before operation; pre-, intra-, and postoperative documentation until discharge; and postoperative follow-ups after 1 and 6 months. Approval for the study was obtained from the local ethics committee.

RESULTS
A total of 52 patients were included in the study. The rate of local implant–associated wound infection in the HA group was 2 of 26 (7.7%) patients and 5 of 24 (20.8%) patients in the titanium group (p = 0.407). Systemic inflammation within 6 months after operation affected none of the patients in the HA group and 4 of 24 (37.5%) patients in the titanium group (p = 0.107). In both groups, 7 patients required reoperation after the 6-month follow-up (26.9% of the HA group and 29.2% of the titanium group; not significant). Reoperation with an explantation was necessary in 3 patients in each group (11.5% of the HA group and 12.5% of the titanium group; not significant). The results demonstrated a significantly higher number of epidural hematomas in the HA group in comparison with none in the titanium group. Altogether, 46 adverse events were found in 27 patients (54%). An improvement in the neurological outcome after 6 months was experienced by 43% of the patients in the HA group and 26.3% of the patients in the titanium group (p = 0.709).

CONCLUSIONS
The study emphasizes that cranioplasty is a high-risk intervention. In comparison with titanium, HA shows benefits in terms of the infection rate and the neurological outcome, but at the same time has a higher postoperative risk for epidural hematoma. Depending on the individual conditions, both materials have their place in future cranioplasty therapies.
Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00923793 (clinicaltrials.gov).
The correlation between pulsatile intracranial pressure and indices of intracranial pressure-volume reserve capacity: results from ventricular infusion testing
Authors: Eide Per Kristian 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to examine how pulsatile and static intracranial pressure (ICP) scores correlate with indices of intracranial pressure-volume reserve capacity, i.e., intracranial elastance (ICE) and intracranial compliance (ICC), as determined during ventricular infusion testing.

METHODS
All patients undergoing ventricular infusion testing and overnight ICP monitoring during the 6-year period from 2007 to 2012 were included in the study. Clinical data were retrieved from a quality registry, and the ventricular infusion pressure data and ICP scores were retrieved from a pressure database. The ICE and ICC (= 1/ICE) were computed during the infusion phase of the infusion test.

RESULTS
During the period from 2007 to 2012, 82 patients with possible treatment-dependent hydrocephalus underwent ventricular infusion testing within the department of neurosurgery. The infusion tests revealed a highly significant positive correlation between ICE and the pulsatile ICP scores mean wave amplitude (MWA) and rise-time coefficient (RTC), and the static ICP score mean ICP. The ICE was negatively associated with linear measures of ventricular size. The overnight ICP recordings revealed significantly increased MWA (> 4 mm Hg) and RTC (> 20 mm Hg/sec) values in patients with impaired ICC (< 0.5 ml/mm Hg).

CONCLUSIONS
In this study cohort, there was a significant positive correlation between pulsatile ICP and ICE measured during ventricular infusion testing. In patients with impaired ICC during infusion testing (ICC < 0.5 ml/mm Hg), overnight ICP recordings showed increased pulsatile ICP (MWA > 4 mm Hg, RTC > 20 mm Hg/sec), but not increased mean ICP (< 10–15 mm Hg). The present data support the assumption that pulsatile ICP (MWA and RTC) may serve as substitute markers of pressure-volume reserve capacity, i.e., ICE and ICC.
Risk factors for baclofen pump infection in children: a multivariate analysis
Authors: Spader Heather S. , Bollo Robert J. , Bowers Christian A. , Riva-Cambrin Jay 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
Intrathecal baclofen infusion systems to manage severe spasticity and dystonia are associated with higher infection rates in children than in adults. Factors unique to this population, such as poor nutrition and physical limitations for pump placement, have been hypothesized as the reasons for this disparity. The authors assessed potential risk factors for infection in a multivariate analysis.

METHODS
Patients who underwent implantation of a programmable pump and intrathecal catheter for baclofen infusion at a single center between January 1, 2000, and March 1, 2012, were identified in this retrospective cohort study. The primary end point was infection. Potential risk factors investigated included preoperative (i.e., demographics, body mass index [BMI], gastrostomy tube, tracheostomy, previous spinal fusion), intraoperative (i.e., surgeon, antibiotics, pump size, catheter location), and postoperative (i.e., wound dehiscence, CSF leak, and number of revisions) factors. Univariate analysis was performed, and a multivariate logistic regression model was created to identify independent risk factors for infection.

RESULTS
A total of 254 patients were evaluated. The overall infection rate was 9.8%. Univariate analysis identified young age, shorter height, lower weight, dehiscence, CSF leak, and number of revisions within 6 months of pump placement as significantly associated with infection. Multivariate analysis identified young age, dehiscence, and number of revisions as independent risk factors for infection.

CONCLUSIONS
Young age, wound dehiscence, and number of revisions were independent risk factors for infection in this pediatric cohort. A low BMI and the presence of either a gastrostomy or tracheostomy were not associated with infection and may not be contraindications for this procedure.
Comparison of CT versus MRI measurements of transverse atlantal ligament integrity in craniovertebral junction injuries. Part 2: A new CT-based alternative for assessing transverse ligament integrity
Authors: Perez-Orribo Luis , Kalb Samuel , Snyder Laura A. , Hsu Forrest , Malhotra Devika , Lefevre Richard D. , Elhadi Ali M. , Newcomb Anna G. U. S. , Theodore Nicholas , Crawford Neil R. 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
The rule of Spence is inaccurate for assessing integrity of the transverse atlantal ligament (TAL). Because CT is quick and easy to perform at most trauma centers, the authors propose a novel sequence of obtaining 2 CT scans to improve the diagnosis of TAL impairment. The sensitivity of a new CT-based method for diagnosing a TAL injury in a cadaveric model was assessed.

METHODS
Ten human cadaveric occipitocervical specimens were mounted horizontally in a supine posture with wooden inserts attached to the back of the skull to maintain a neutral or flexed (10°) posture. Specimens were scanned in neutral and flexed postures in a total of 4 conditions (3 conditions in each specimen): 1) intact (n = 10); either 2A) after a simulated Jefferson fracture with an intact TAL (n = 5) or 2B) after a TAL disruption with no Jefferson fracture (n = 5); and 3) after TAL disruption and a simulated Jefferson fracture (n = 10). The atlantodental interval (ADI) and cross-sectional canal area were measured.

RESULTS
From the neutral to the flexed posture, ADI increased an average of 2.5% in intact spines, 6.25% after a Jefferson fracture without TAL disruption, 34% after a TAL disruption without fracture, and 25% after TAL disruption with fracture. The increase in ADI was significant with both TAL disruption and TAL disruption and fracture (p < 0.005) but not in the other 2 conditions (p > 0.6). Changes in spinal canal area were not significant (p > 0.70).

CONCLUSIONS
This novel method was more sensitive than the rule of Spence for evaluating the integrity of the TAL on CT and does not increase the risk of further neurological damage.
Comparison of CT versus MRI measurements of transverse atlantal ligament integrity in craniovertebral junction injuries. Part 1: A clinical study
Authors: Perez-Orribo Luis , Snyder Laura A. , Kalb Samuel , Elhadi Ali M. , Hsu Forrest , Newcomb Anna G. U. S. , Malhotra Devika , Crawford Neil R. , Theodore Nicholas 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) injuries complicated by transverse atlantal ligament (TAL) disruption often require surgical stabilization. Measurements based on the atlantodental interval (ADI), atlas lateral diameter (ALD1), and axis lateral diameter (ALD2) may help clinicians identify TAL disruption. This study used CT scanning to evaluate the reliability of these measurements and other variants in the clinical setting.

METHODS
Patients with CVJ injuries treated at the authors' institution between 2004 and 2011 were evaluated retrospectively for demographics, mechanism and location of CVJ injury, classification of injury, treatment, and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score at the time of injury and follow-up. The integrity of the TAL was evaluated using MRI. The ADI, ALD1, and ALD2 were measured on CT to identify TAL disruption indirectly.

RESULTS
Among the 125 patients identified, 40 (32%) had atlas fractures, 59 (47.2%) odontoid fractures, 31 (24.8%) axis fractures, and 4 (3.2%) occipital condyle fractures. TAL disruption was documented on MRI in 11 cases (8.8%). The average ADI for TAL injury was 1.8 mm (range 0.9–3.9 mm). Nine (81.8%) of the 11 patients with TAL injury had an ADI of less than 3 mm. In 10 patients (90.9%) with TAL injury, overhang of the C-1 lateral masses on C-2 was less than 7 mm. ADI, ALD1, ALD2, ALD1 – ALD2, and ALD1/ALD2 did not correlate with the integrity of the TAL.

CONCLUSIONS
No current measurement method using CT, including the ADI, ALD1, and ALD2 or their differences or ratios, consistently indicates the integrity of the TAL. A more reliable CT-based criterion is needed to diagnose TAL disruption when MRI is unavailable.
Islam et capitalisme. Les entrepreneurs musulmans en France
Authors: Benaissa Hicham 
Published: February 2016

Si l’entreprenariat « musulman » en France est un phénomène significatif, il reste un objet peu – ou mal – étudié. À partir d’une enquête quantitative et qualitative menée auprès des entrepreneurs musulmans socialisés en France, l’auteur s’intéresse à la manière dont s’opère dans les pratiques des entrepreneurs un ajustement entre leurs dispositions à croire et à pratiquer, fruit de toute une histoire individuelle et collective transmise principalement par l’environnement familial, et les structures et objectifs de l’entreprise. Il montre notamment que la logique entrepreneuriale, répondant à des impératifs de rentabilité et de performance, réinterroge et réaménage, dans une certaine mesure et au-delà d’un certain effet de seuil, le rapport aux croyances et aux pratiques religieuses.
Créer des « zones neutres » pour accueillir les adolescents dans la ville
Authors: Bordet Joëlle 
Published: February 2016

Cet article a pour but de mettre en résonance les conditions d’accueil des jeunes des quartiers populaires en France et l’expérience de création des clubs de jeunes par l’association Beit Ham en Israël. La rencontre avec cette association et ses fondateurs a nourri notre intervention en France auprès des collectivités territoriales ; nous avons retenu particulièrement comment, dans un climat de méfiance à l’égard de ces jeunes, ouvrir des lieux constitue une prise de risque démocratique et éducative. Nous montrons ainsi dans ce texte que les principes comme le refus de l’exclusion, dans une dynamique de psychothérapie institutionnelle, permettent de créer de nouvelles approches de la médiation. Les travaux de recherche de Dominique Rividi rendent compte de cette expérience de longue durée et poursuivent celle-ci sur un plan conceptuel. Ainsi la notion de « lieu » est importante pour créer des processus de paix et de créativité nécessaires aux adolescents. Nous montrons que ce travail mené en Israël est un point d’appui pour le contexte français.
La place de la victime dans le procès constitutionnel
Authors: Cartier Emmanuel 
Published: February 2016

La victime, hormis la norme constitutionnelle, semble ainsi être la grande absente de ce contentieux à la fois objectif et abstrait. Elle ne lui est pourtant pas inconnue, notamment dans le cadre de la QPC en raison de son caractère incident et de la faculté laissée au Conseil constitutionnel de moduler dans le temps des effets de ses déclarations d’inconstitutionnalité. Elle trouve aussi sa place, plus indirectement dans le cadre du contrôle a priori de la loi en raison de l’extrême amplitude des « droits substantiels » rattachables au contentieux constitutionnel.
Collection of host-marking pheromone from Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Faraone Nicoletta , Hillier N. Kirk , Cutler G. Christopher 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBlueberry fruit fly, Rhagoletis mendax Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), females deposit a host-marking pheromone (HMP) on the surface of fruit immediately after oviposition that deters oviposition by female conspecifics. We collected this HMP from artificial oviposition devices and faeces. In subsequent two-choice bioassays, gravid females showed a strong preference for untreated oviposition devices as compared to those treated with extracts from either of these two sources. The methods described for collecting HMP of R. mendax will be useful for its eventual identification and synthesis, with potential applications in R. mendax management.
What Is the Best Parametric Survival Models for Analyzing Hemodialysis Data?
Authors: Vahedi Mohsen , Mahmoodi Mahmood , Mohammad Kazem , Ossareh Sharzad , Zeraati Hojjat 
Published: February 2016

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are both common public health problems worldwide. Hemodialysis (HD) is one of the main ultimate modalities of renal replacement therapy in these patients. The aim of this study was to compare the different parametric (Weibull, Gamma, Gompertz, Log-logistic and Lognormal) survival models, in maintenance HD (MHD) patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study was conducted from March 2004 to October 2013 and encompassed 544 ESRD patients under MHD in Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Tehran, Iran. Laboratory, clinical and demographic data were extracted from the Hemodialysis Data Processor Software, which had been designed for data collection in Hasheminejad Kidney Center. Exponential, Weibull, Gompertz, lognormal and log-logistic were used for analyzing survival of hemodialysis patient using STATA software. To compare these models Akaike Information criterion (AIC) and Cox-Snell residual were utilized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the both criteria (AIC and Cox-Snell residual), Weibull survival model manifested better results as compared with other models. According to this model, age at the time of admission (HR=1.015, p-value=0.018), walking ability (HR=0.656, p-value=0.010), diabetes mellitus as the underlying disease (HR=1.392, p-value=0.038), hemoglobin level (HR=0.790, p-value&lt;0.001), serum creatinine (HR=0.803, p-value&lt;0.001), serum protein (HR=0.747, p-value=0.010) and Single pool Kt/V(HR=0.092, p-value&lt;0.001), had significant effect on survival of the hemodialysis patient</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our analysis Weibull distribution, which had the lowest AIC value, was selected as the most suitable model. </p>