bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Operational Stability and Energy Efficiency of Coal-Fired Power Plant Under Ultra-Low Power Load Ratio: Feedwater Preheating System Issues
Authors: Du Zeyu , Liu Ming , Yan Junjie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The world energy supply continues to evolve and adapt to low carbon and sustainable sources due to energy shortage and environmental issues. As a result, the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix sharply increases in many countries. However, wind and photovoltaic power is intermittent, and high penetration of renewable power poses high peak shaving pressure on the power system. Therefore, the peak shaving techniques for coal-fired power plant (CFPP) should be developed, aiming to decrease the adjustable minimal power load ratio. When the coal-fired power plant operates under low load ratio, it significantly deviates from the design condition, which will affect the operational safety and economic performances. In this study, the drainage obstruction issues of the feedwater preheating system are analyzed and addressed. Off-design analysis models of coal-fired power plant are developed. Simulation results show that the feedwater preheating system increases the net energy efficiency by 2.90%, 3.11%, 2.49% under 100%, 30% and 20% power load ratio conditions, respectively. The pressure difference between adjacent regenerative heaters (RH) decreases with the load ratio, thus increasing the risk of the drainage obstruction phenomenon. Then, schemes, including the RH’s switch-off, connecting the drainage pipe to deaerator (DRTR) or condenser, or installing the drainage pump (DP) in the drainage pipe are proposed and evaluated. Scheme A connects RH2’s and RH3’s drainage pipes to the DRTR, which can improve the unit’s operational stability and energy efficiency greatly when the drainage obstruction occurs in high-pressure feedwater preheating system. Scheme B connects RH7s and RH8’s drainage pipes to the condenser and Scheme C installs DPs in RH7s and RH8’s drainage pipelines. Scheme B and Scheme C can both enhance the operational stability of low-pressure feedwater preheating system under low load ratio condition. Scheme C have better energy efficiency performance than scheme B, but with more retrofit expense on the pump purchases. Results of this study can provide some guidance for the safe operation of the feedwater preheating system.
Surrogate-Based Optimization of a Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell for Hybrid Propulsion
Authors: Chen Hao , Zaccaria Valentina , Kyprianidis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The use of hydrogen in transportation is considered a promising solution to reduce CO2 emissions and combat climate change. Among the various technologies, PEM fuel cells represent a consolidated choice for hydrogen propulsion given their lightweight and relatively low cost. However, despite a few cases of successful applications of PEM fuel cells in road and rail transport, there are still barriers hindering the full exploitation of this technology, especially in the aerospace sector. Research is needed to assess the long-term viability, and modeling tools are of utmost importance for this task. The highly complex architectures necessary for hybrid propulsion require new methods for design and optimization, for which accurate but computationally fast models are critical. This paper presents a new methodology of using surrogate-based optimization to assist the design of the power system for a regional electric aircraft. A multi-objective optimization framework has been developed considering the weight, and efficiency of the power system, as well as the operating current density of the fuel cell stack. A surrogate model based on Gaussian Process regression and Singular Value Decomposition is employed to reduce the computational cost. The results show that the surrogate-based optimization approach could accelerate the optimization process without significantly affecting the prediction accuracy. This approach could be used to guide the design of experiments/high-fidelity simulations for the optimal design and energy management of power systems for electric aircraft.
Steam Turbine Modernization Options for Combined Cycle Power Plants-Addressing Industry Challenges
Authors: Smiarowski Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The modernizations, or retrofits of steam turbines, for combined cycle power plants represents a significant opportunity in the power industry due to the phase out of coal generation and the need for dispatchable power. Many steam turbines operating in combined cycle are reaching or surpassed the 200-thousand equivalent operating hours milestone, where a steam turbine modernization would be a viable option for consideration. A large segment of the combined cycle fleet is looking to modernize their equipment to increase efficiency, reliability, and life extension. These units are also focusing on operational flexibility to better meet their demand flexibility needs with more renewables coming on-line.
This paper will outline several steam turbine modernization options available for combine cycle power plants and cite current industry challenges, such as lead-time and logistics impacts, that have made preplanning more important than ever.
Multi-Fidelity Machine Learning Analysis of Wind Patterns Around High-Rise Buildings
Authors: Mortazavian Javad , Goudarzi Navid 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study presents a multi-fidelity machine learning (ML) approach to predict the fluctuating components of surface pressure coefficients on high-rise buildings across the entire wind rose. Employing an artificial neural network (ANN), the model is trained using a combination of four Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations at 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40° wind directions, and two large-eddy simulations (LES) at 0° and 45° wind directions. Hyperparameter optimization, model regularization, and feature scaling were conducted to enhance the performance of the trained model and prevent overfitting. Evaluation metrics including root mean square error (RMSE) for the model prediction accuracy study and R2 for the model fit study were utilized; low RMSE and R2 &gt; 0.8 indicated well-trained models. The optimal and regularized model achieved R2 = 0.92 with nine standardized input features. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the multi-fidelity approach in accurately predicting wind loads across the whole wind rose, offering valuable insights for different city/community planning applications.
Supplemental Material: Translithospheric carbonatite magmatic system of the world’s largest REE deposit, Bayan Obo, China
Authors: Xue Guoqiang , Zhang Ji'en , al. et 
Published: October 2024

<p>Resistivity values of rocks, and interpretations of the low resistivity zones, plus introductions on magnetotelluric data collection, analysis, and inversion. </p>
Supplemental Material: From flow to furnace: Low viscosity of three-phase lavas measured at Kīlauea 2018 eruption conditions
Authors: Halverson Brenna , Whittington Alan G. 
Published: October 2024

<p>Recorded viscosity data, original high-resolution images of samples, and data analysis spreadsheets for all calculations done. Also contains full description of experimental procedures and considerations for those wishing to conduct similar experiments in future. </p>
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and risk of pulmonary aspiration or discontinuation of procedure: cohort study
Authors: Alkabbani Wajd , Suissa Karine , Gu Kristine D , Cromer Sara J , Paik Julie M , Bykov Katsiaryna , Hobai Ion , Thompson Christopher C , Wexler Deborah J , Patorno Elisabetta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess whether use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is associated with increased risk of pulmonary aspiration or discontinuation of the procedure compared with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors.

Design
Cohort study.

Setting
Two deidentified US commercial healthcare databases.

Participants
43 365 adults (≥18 years) with type 2 diabetes who used a GLP-1 receptor agonist or SGLT-2 inhibitor within 30 days before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was pulmonary aspiration on the day of or the day after endoscopy, defined using diagnostic codes. The secondary outcome was discontinuation of endoscopy. Risk ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated after fine stratification weighting based on propensity score.

Results
After weighting, 24 817 adults used a GLP-1 receptor agonist (mean age 59.9 years; 63.6% female) and 18 537 used an SGLT-2 inhibitor (59.8 years; 63.7% female). Among users of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors, the weighted risk per 1000 people was, respectively, 4.15 and 4.26 for pulmonary aspiration and 9.79 and 4.91 for discontinuation of endoscopy. Compared with SGLT-2 inhibitor use, GLP-1 receptor agonist use was not associated with an increased risk of pulmonary aspiration (pooled risk ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.31), although it was associated with a higher risk for discontinuation of endoscopy (1.99, 1.56 to 2.53).

Conclusions
In this comparative cohort study, no increased risk of pulmonary aspiration during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was observed among adults with type 2 diabetes using GLP-1 receptor agonists compared with SGLT-2 inhibitors within 30 days of the procedure; however, GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with a higher risk of discontinuation of endoscopy, possibly owing to a higher risk of retained gastric content. In the absence of evidence from randomized trials, these findings could inform future practice recommendations on the preprocedural protocol for patients requiring endoscopy.
Clinical outcomes of antifungal therapy on Candida pulmonary colonisation in immunocompetent patients with invasive ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Linqi , Su Shan , Yang Hongzhong , Xie He-Bin 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to use systematic review and meta-analysis to establish the influence of antifungal therapy on pulmonaryCandidacolonisation of patients with mechanical ventilation (MV).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesAn extensive search was undertaken on publications from inception to 25 July 2023, through PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and VIP Databases.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised trials, cohort studies and case-control studies comparing the efficacy of antifungal treatment in immunocompetent patients with pulmonaryCandidacolonisation after invasive ventilation.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of studies. Dichotomous outcomes were expressed as ORs with 95% CIs. Continuous outcomes were expressed as standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% CIs.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU), hospital, 28-day, and 90-day mortality. The secondary outcomes included ICU length of stay, MV duration and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).ResultsNine high-quality studies were included. According to the data collected from these nine studies, there is no significant evidence showing a difference between the therapy group treated with antifungal drugs and the control group without antifungal drugs in clinical outcomes, including ICU mortality (OR: 1.37; 95% CI 0.84 to 2.22), hospital mortality (OR: 1.17; 95% CI 0.57 to 2.38), 28-day mortality (OR: 0.71; 95% CI 0.45 to 1.14), 90-day mortality (OR: 0.76; 95% CI 0.35 to 1.63), ICU length of stay (SMD: −0.15; 95% CI −0.88 to 0.59), MV duration (SMD: 0.11; 95% CI −0.88 to 1.10) and VAP (OR: 1.54; 95% CI 0.56 to 4.20). Subgroup analysis of different treatment types indicates that the combined effect size is stable and unaffected by different treatment types including inhalation (OR: 2.32; 95% CI 0.30 to 18.09) and intravenous (OR: 0.65; 95% CI 0.13 to 3.34).ConclusionThe application of antifungal treatment did not improve clinical outcomes in patients with MV. We do not suggest initiating antifungal treatment in patients withCandidapulmonary colonisation after invasive ventilation.Trial registration numberInternational Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42020161138.
Prevalence of teenage pregnancy and associated factors in Uganda: a meta-analysis and systematic reviews protocol
Authors: Aremu Abdulmujeeb Babatunde , Afolabi Ismail Bamidele , Awunor Nyemike Simeon , Sumayah Nakitende , Mujeeb Salaam , Mahjub Atiku Saad 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionTeenage pregnancy is a major public health problem with huge consequences for maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. More than 90% of these live births are estimated to occur in developing countries. The objective of this review is to estimate the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and its associated factors in Uganda.Methods and analysisThis review protocol will be registered with the PROSPERO database and will be designed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. A literature search will be conducted in PubMed, African Journals OnLine, Science Direct and Google Scholar in December 2023. Observational studies that report the prevalence of teenage pregnancy will be included. Studies will be assessed for the risk of bias in duplicate. The data will be pooled using random-effects models to estimate the prevalence of teenage pregnancy, with a 95% CI and I2statistic capturing heterogeneity.Ethics and disseminationThis review will not require ethical approval. The findings from the data synthesis will be published in relevant peer-reviewed journals and conferences targeting adolescent and reproductive health.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023486460
IQGAP3 signalling mediates intratumoral functional heterogeneity to enhance malignant growth
Authors: Shimura Mitsuhiro , Matsuo Junichi , Pang ShuChin , Jangphattananont Nawaphat , Hussain Aashiq , Rahmat Muhammad Bakhait , Lee Jung-Won , Douchi Daisuke , Tong Jasmine Jie Lin , Myint Khine , Srivastava Supriya , Teh Ming , Koh Vivien , Yong Wei Peng , So Jimmy Bok Yan , Tan Patrick , Yeoh Khay-Guan , Unno Michiaki , Chuang Linda Shyue Huey , Ito Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe elevation of IQGAP3 expression in diverse cancers indicates a key role for IQGAP3 in carcinogenesis. Although IQGAP3 was established as a proliferating stomach stem cell factor and a regulator of the RAS-ERK pathway, how it drives cancer growth remains unclear.ObjectiveWe define the function of IQGAP3 in gastric cancer (GC) development and progression.DesignWe studied the phenotypic changes caused by IQGAP3 knockdown in three molecularly diverse GC cell lines by RNA-sequencing. In vivo tumorigenesis and lung metastasis assays corroborated IQGAP3 as a mediator of oncogenic signalling. Spatial analysis was performed to evaluate the intratumoral transcriptional and functional differences between control tumours and IQGAP3 knockdown tumours.ResultsTranscriptomic profiling showed that IQGAP3 inhibition attenuates signal transduction networks, such as KRAS signalling, via phosphorylation blockade. IQGAP3 knockdown was associated with significant inhibition of MEK/ERK signalling-associated growth factors, including TGFβ1, concomitant with gene signatures predictive of impaired tumour microenvironment formation and reduced metastatic potential. Xenografts involving IQGAP3 knockdown cells showed attenuated tumorigenesis and lung metastasis in immunodeficient mice. Accordingly, immunofluorescence staining revealed significant reductions of TGFβ/SMAD signalling and αSMA-positive stromal cells; digital spatial analysis indicated that IQGAP3 is indispensable for the formation of two phenotypically diverse cell subpopulations, which played crucial but distinct roles in promoting oncogenic functions.ConclusionIQGAP3 knockdown suppressed the RAS-TGFβ signalling crosstalk, leading to a significant reduction of the tumour microenvironment. In particular, IQGAP3 maintains functional heterogeneity of cancer cells to enhance malignant growth. IQGAP3 is thus a highly relevant therapy target in GC.
Lacosamide in palliative medicine: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Rimmer Adam , Howard Paul , Curtin John 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy and safety of oral (PO) and subcutaneous (SC) lacosamide for refractory symptoms in the palliative setting.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of the use of lacosamide since it was introduced in our palliative care service 1½ years ago. All clinical notes, medication administration records and infusion monitoring documentation were examined to ascertain therapeutic aim, efficacy, and tolerability.ResultsLacosamide was administered to 91 patients; 90% had cancer. The most common indication was neuropathic pain (97%); there appeared to be a significant improvement in 35%; this was sometimes apparent within a few hours of an SC loading ‘test’ dose. Many recipients (44%) were in their last month of life. 59% received one or more SC doses; switching from PO to SC lacosamide was straightforward and it appeared compatible with a range of other palliative medications. Lacosamide appeared well tolerated; adverse effects were identified in 11% (10/91), half of whom (5%, 5/91) discontinued treatment. Of 59 admixtures infused SC, one mild SC site reaction occurred that resolved with the addition of dexamethasone.ConclusionsLacosamide appears to be a promising option for refractory symptoms warranting further study; SC administration is an advantage when the PO route is lost.
A polar diatomic molecule under a high-frequency laser field: classical analytical solution
Authors: Kryukov N. , Oks E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDynamics of a polar diatomic molecule (represented as the oscillating rotator model) under external fields is the most fundamental problem and the testbed in molecular physics—analogously to the dynamics of hydrogenic atom (represented as the model of an electron in the Coulomb field) under external fields being the most fundamental problem and the testbed in atomic physics. We present the classical analytical study of the dynamical Stark effect in the oscillating rotator under a high-frequency laser field. We obtain the analytical results by using the method of effective potentials. We demonstrate that under the laser field, the rotation frequency increases, while the oscillation frequency decreases, and the amplitude of the oscillations increases. More significantly, the laser field causes the generation of the second harmonic in the oscillations of this system. This is an important, counterintuitive result in studying this fundamental physical system. We also drew attention to some flaws in the literature on this subject.
Medical Malpractice Stress Syndrome and Defensive Medicine in Obstetricians and Gynecologists in Turkey
Authors: Gunenc O. , Kulhan N. G. , Geyik Bayman M. , Celik C. , Bilgi A. , Colluoglu C. , Kulhan M. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Medical malpractice is a significant global issue affecting various aspects of healthcare, including ethical, legal, and managerial perspectives. Defensive medicine, where physicians engage in excessive practices to avoid malpractice lawsuits, is prevalent. In Turkey, the impact of malpractice fears on obstetricians and gynecologists (OB/GYNs) has not been extensively studied. This study aims to investigate the frequency of medical malpractice lawsuits, defensive medicine practices, the prevalence of medical malpractice stress syndrome (MMSS), and potential preventive measures among OB/GYNs in Turkey.Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 212 OB/GYNs in Turkey, following ethical approval. Participants completed a questionnaire on their experiences with malpractice, defensive practices, and MMSS. The survey included sociodemographic questions, standardized scales for defensive medicine practices, and MMSS‐related questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 with a 95% confidence level.Results: The majority of participants were experienced professionals aged 30–39, predominantly female, and working in the public sector with limited subspecialty training. Defensive medicine was widespread, with 95.5% of participants engaging in such practices, and 79.2% reported altering their practice due to malpractice fears. Older age, female gender, extensive experience, private sector employment, and specific subspecialties were associated with higher defensive practices and MMSS.Conclusion: Defensive medicine is common among Turkish OB/GYNs, driven by malpractice fears. The study highlights the need for improved support systems, better legal protections, and educational interventions to address defensive practices and reduce malpractice‐related stress.
SOS1 Inhibition Enhances the Efficacy of KRASG12C Inhibitors and Delays Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Daley Brianna R. , Sealover Nancy E. , Finniff Bridget A. , Hughes Jacob M. , Sheffels Erin , Gerlach Daniel , Hofmann Marco H. , Kostyrko Kaja , LaMorte Joseph P. , Linke Amanda J. , Beckley Zaria , Frank Andrew M. , Lewis Robert E. , Wilkerson Matthew D. , Dalgard Clifton L. , Kortum Robert L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The clinical effectiveness of KRASG12C inhibitors (G12Ci) is limited both by intrinsic and acquired resistance, necessitating the development of combination approaches. Here, we identified targeting proximal receptor tyrosine kinase signaling using the SOS1 inhibitor (SOS1i) BI-3406 as a strategy to improve responses to G12Ci treatment. SOS1i enhanced the efficacy of G12Ci and limited rebound receptor tyrosine kinase/ERK signaling to overcome intrinsic/adaptive resistance, but this effect was modulated by SOS2 protein levels. G12Ci drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells showed up to a 3-fold enrichment of tumor-initiating cells (TIC), suggestive of a sanctuary population of G12Ci-resistant cells. SOS1i resensitized DTPs to G12Ci and inhibited G12C-induced TIC enrichment. Co-mutation of the tumor suppressor KEAP1 limited the clinical effectiveness of G12Ci, and KEAP1 and STK11 deletion increased TIC frequency and accelerated the development of acquired resistance to G12Ci, consistent with clinical G12Ci resistance seen with these co-mutations. Treatment with SOS1i both delayed acquired G12Ci resistance and limited the total number of resistant colonies regardless of KEAP1 and STK11 mutational status. Together, these data suggest that targeting SOS1 could be an effective strategy to both enhance G12Ci efficacy and prevent G12Ci resistance regardless of co-mutations.
Significance: The SOS1 inhibitor BI-3406 both inhibits intrinsic/adaptive resistance and targets drug tolerant persister cells to limit the development of acquired resistance to clinical KRASG12C inhibitors in lung adenocarcinoma cells.