bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combinatorial Probes for High‐Throughput Electrochemical Analysis of Circulating Nucleic Acids in Clinical Samples
Authors: Das Jagotamoy , Ivanov Ivaylo , Safaei Tina S. , Sargent Edward H. , Kelley Shana O. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe analysis of circulating tumour nucleic acids (ctNAs) provides a minimally invasive way to assess the mutational spectrum of a tumour. However, effective and practical methods for analyzing this emerging class of markers are lacking. Analysis of ctNAs using a sensor‐based approach has notable challenges, as it is vital to differentiate nucleic acids from normal cells from mutation‐bearing sequences emerging from tumours. Moreover, many genes related to cancer have dozens of different mutations. Herein, we report an electrochemical approach that directly detects genes with mutations in patient serum by using combinatorial probes (CPs). The CPs enable detection of all of the mutant alleles derived from the same part of the gene. As a proof of concept, we analyze mutations of the EGFR gene, which has more than 40 clinically relevant alterations that include deletions, insertions, and point mutations. Our CP‐based approach accurately detects mutant sequences directly in patient serum.
Disassembly of Multicompartment Polymer Micelles in Spatial Sequence Using an Electrostatic Field and Its Application for Release in Chronological Order
Authors: Wu Ming , Zhu Yutian , Jiang Wei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMulticompartment micelles (MCPs), comprising sequences of repeated elemental discoid parts connected by fasciculus, were formed by self‐assembly of polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinyl pyridine)‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide). Using an electrostatic field, the MCPs can be disassembled through consequent release of small spherical micelles. During this disassembly process, release of loaded species can be achieved from the micelles in chronological order. Two location‐selected cargos (mitoxantrone (MTNT) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)) in the outer and inner compartments of the micelles can be released in chronological order. Under the applied electrostatic field (intensity: 16 kV cm−1), the loaded MTNT was rapidly released with more than 80 % release, whereas the loaded FITC was slowly released with less than 20 % release in 12 h. At a later stage (after more than 12 h), the loaded MTNT was slowly released with less than 20 % release, while the loaded FITC was rapidly released with more than 80 % release.
Titanium Phosphonate Based Metal–Organic Frameworks with Hierarchical Porosity for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Hui , Sun Ying , Yuan Zhong‐Yong , Zhu Yun‐Pei , Ma Tian‐Yi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPhotocatalytic hydrogen production is crucial for solar‐to‐chemical conversion process, wherein high‐efficiency photocatalysts lie in the heart of this area. A photocatalyst of hierarchically mesoporous titanium phosphonate based metal–organic frameworks, featuring well‐structured spheres, a periodic mesostructure, and large secondary mesoporosity, are rationally designed with the complex of polyelectrolyte and cathodic surfactant serving as the template. The well‐structured hierarchical porosity and homogeneously incorporated phosphonate groups can favor the mass transfer and strong optical absorption during the photocatalytic reactions. Correspondingly, the titanium phosphonates exhibit significantly improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate along with impressive stability. This work can provide more insights into designing advanced photocatalysts for energy conversion and render a tunable platform in photoelectrochemistry.
Development of pH‐sensitive nanogels for cancer treatment using crosslinked poly(aspartic acid‐graft‐imidazole)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Sim Taehoon , Lim Chaemin , Cho Young Hun , Lee Eun Seong , Youn Yu Seok , Oh Kyung Taek 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTpH‐sensitive nanogels (NGs) based on poly(aspartic acid‐graft‐imidazole)‐poly(ethylene glycol) were developed using linear PEG with different molecular weights (2000 and 4000 Da) as crosslinkers. The pH‐sensitive NGs showed reversible size changes during continuously alternating pH changes. The anticancer treatment potential of pH‐sensitive NGs was studied using a model drug, irinotecan (IRI). IRI‐loaded NGs (ILNs) showed different drug release kinetics in acidic versus neutral pH, in addition to pH‐dependent cytotoxicity. Due to its longer crosslinker, ILN 4 (crosslinked with PEG 4000) showed faster IRI release and a greater magnitude of IRI release than ILN 2 (crosslinked with PEG 2000), resulting in greater cytotoxicity against HCT 116 colorectal cancer cells. These pH‐sensitive NGs could potentially be used in cancer treatment by mediating the accumulation and release of IRI from ILNs in the acidic tumor environment and by reducing systemic toxicity due to reversible swelling–shrinkage. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46268.
CK 20‐positive and CK 7‐negative Merkel cell carcinoma of the cheek
Authors: Rai Manoj Ponadka , Bedi Prabhjot S , Singh Jeevandeep , Marinas Edwin B. 
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical MessageMerkel cell carcinomas (MCCs) are uncommon, highly malignant skin tumors that develop in sun‐exposed areas of the skin. Most of the MCCs are CK 20‐positive and CK 7‐negative such as our case. About 80% of Merkel cell carcinoma is associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus.
From Water and Ni Foam to a Ni(OH)2@Ni Foam Binder‐Free Supercapacitor Electrode: A Green Corrosion Route
Authors: Liu Xu , Yang Yue , Xing Xinxin , Zou Tong , Wang Zidong , Wang Yude 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Mr. Xu Liu and Prof. Yude Wang from Yunnan University (Kunming, P.R. China). The image shows the green corrosion route from water and Ni foam to a Ni(OH)2@Ni foam binder‐free supercapacitor electrode. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201701094.
Linear discriminant analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and soft independent modeling of class analogy of experimental and simulated near‐infrared spectra of a cultivation medium for mammalian cells
Authors: Szabó Éva , Gergely Szilveszter , Salgó András 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCurrently, the qualification and control of medium formulations are performed based on simple methods (eg, pH and osmolality measurement of medium solutions), expensive and time‐consuming cell culture tests, and the quantification of certain critical compounds by liquid chromatography. In addition to traditional medium qualification tools, relatively new spectroscopic techniques, such as fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, Raman and near‐infrared spectroscopies, and combinations of these techniques are increasingly being applied to medium powder investigation. A chemically defined medium powder for Chinese hamster ovary cell cultivation was investigated in this study to determine its response to heat treatments at different temperatures (30°C, 50°C, and 70°C). Because the low availability and high costs of medium powders limit the sample sizes for such experiments, 5 groups of simulated data sets were generated based on the experimental spectra to compare the efficiencies of 3 classification methods: linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA). In case of these data sets, PCA‐LDA showed better results for the classification of experimental spectra than PLS‐DA and SIMCA. Moreover, the PLS‐DA and SIMCA models yielded different results for different training set groups, while the PCA‐LDA model yielded similar results for all training sets.
Waste Water Treatment with Reeds in a Mobile Root Space Treatment Plant
Authors: Zehnsdorf Andreas , Scherber Anja , Schmidt Steffen , Ebersbach Anna Theresia , Bernhard Katy , Jentzsch Daniel , Schlenker Uwe 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFür temporäre Einsätze zur Behandlung kommunaler Abwässer wurde eine mobile Wurzelraumkläranlage getestet, deren Reaktionsraum ausschließlich aus Schilfwurzeln als Aufwuchsfläche für Mikroorganismen besteht. Die Anlage wurde in der Vegetationsperiode 2016 mit vorgeklärtem kommunalem Abwasser einer Großkläranlage beschickt. Bei einem Zulaufvolumenstrom von 1200 L d−1 wurden die Ablaufgrenzwerte für den chemischen Sauerstoffbedarf und den biochemischen Sauerstoffbedarf zuverlässig eingehalten. Kurzzeitige Belastungsspitzen bis 1800 L d−1 führten nicht zur Überlastung der Anlage.
Two‐level multi‐block operating performance optimality assessment for plant‐wide processes
Authors: Zou Xiaoyu , Wang Fuli , Chang Yuqing , Zhao Luping , Zheng Wei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA process operating performance optimality assessment (POPOA) consists of an optimal degree online assessment and non‐optimal cause identification, which contribute to maintaining a high comprehensive economic index (CEI) of the production. However, two main problems limit the application of the traditional POPOA methods, i.e., the plant‐wide process characteristics and the coexistence of both the quantitative and qualitative variables. To overcome the two problems for POPOA, a novel two‐level multi‐block assessment method based on the fuzzy probabilistic rough set (FPRS) is proposed in this research. The operating performance grade of both the global and sub‐block level are properly defined, where the sub‐block assessment indices, which are difficult to obtain, are not required. Different from traditional multi‐block methods due to the novel offline modelling method, an explicit global model is unnecessary. The global performance grade is directly determined by the sub‐block performance grades. When the process is operating at a non‐optimal performance grade, the responsible sub‐block can be rapidly identified through online assessment. The proposed non‐optimal cause identification technique is carried out in the non‐optimal sub‐blocks, based on a newly‐defined matching degree function. The identified non‐optimal causes also contribute to the actual production adjustment to obtain the optimal performance. Finally, the proposed POPOA method is successfully applied to a gold hydrometallurgy process, which is a typical plant‐wide process with hybrid types of variables.
Interview with David A. Case: On force fields, biomolecular modeling, and NMR
Authors: Case David A. , Skrynnikov Nikolai R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractProf. David Case is based in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Rutgers University. In this interview he speaks about force field development and validation, predictive power of MD models, combining physics‐based force fields with empirical scoring functions, MD modeling of disordered proteins and RNA, synergies between MD simulations and NMR measurements, and chemical shift calculations. The video of this interview is available on the YouTube site (URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bumGM1CWA7Y).
Satisfaction with cancer care, self‐efficacy, and health‐related quality of life in Latino cancer survivors
Authors: Moreno Patricia I. , Ramirez Amelie G. , San Miguel‐Majors Sandra L. , Fox Rina S. , Castillo Leopoldo , Gallion Kipling J. , Munoz Edgar , Estabrook Ryne , Perez Arely , Lad Thomas , Hollowell Courtney , Penedo Frank J. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to examine how modifiable factors such as satisfaction with cancer care and self‐efficacy impact health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among Latino cancer survivors.METHODSLatinos previously diagnosed with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer (N = 288) completed questionnaires (Patient Satisfaction with Cancer Care Scale, Stanford Chronic Disease Self‐Management Measures, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General, and Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics) within 2 years after receiving primary cancer treatment.RESULTSPath model analyses demonstrated that satisfaction with cancer care was associated with greater HRQOL and that this relationship was explained by several facets of self‐efficacy (ie, confidence in managing psychological distress [z = 3.81; P<.001], social support from close others [z = 2.46; P = .014], social/recreational activities [z = 3.30; P = .001], and patient‐provider communication [z = −3.72; P<.001]). Importantly, foreign‐born, less acculturated, and monolingual Spanish‐speaking survivors reported lower self‐efficacy in patient‐provider communication; however, adjusting for acculturation, language, nativity, and other covariates did not alter these results.CONCLUSIONSFactors that contribute to disparities in HRQOL among Latino cancer survivors compared with non‐Latino whites, such as low income, less education, and a lack of health insurance, can be difficult to address. The findings of the current study emphasize the importance of self‐efficacy within the context of patient‐centered cancer care practices (eg, patient inclusion in care decisions, sufficient time with provider, ready access to medical advice) and suggest that improving satisfaction with care may increase patients' confidence in managing important aspects of their cancer experience and, in turn, improve HRQOL among Latino cancer survivors. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2018;124:1770–9. © 2018 American Cancer Society
Adapting the Elixhauser comorbidity index for cancer patients
Authors: Mehta Hemalkumar B. , Sura Sneha D. , Adhikari Deepak , Andersen Clark R. , Williams Stephen B. , Senagore Anthony J. , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Goodwin James S. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDThis study was designed to adapt the Elixhauser comorbidity index for 4 cancer‐specific populations (breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal) and compare 3 versions of the Elixhauser comorbidity score (individual comorbidities, summary comorbidity score, and cancer‐specific summary comorbidity score) with 3 versions of the Charlson comorbidity score for predicting 2‐year survival with 4 types of cancer.METHODSThis cohort study used Texas Cancer Registry–linked Medicare data from 2005 to 2011 for older patients diagnosed with breast (n = 19,082), prostate (n = 23,044), lung (n = 26,047), or colorectal cancer (n = 16,693). For each cancer cohort, the data were split into training and validation cohorts. In the training cohort, competing risk regression was used to model the association of Elixhauser comorbidities with 2‐year noncancer mortality, and cancer‐specific weights were derived for each comorbidity. In the validation cohort, competing risk regression was used to compare 3 versions of the Elixhauser comorbidity score with 3 versions of the Charlson comorbidity score. Model performance was evaluated with c statistics.RESULTSThe 2‐year noncancer mortality rates were 14.5% (lung cancer), 11.5% (colorectal cancer), 5.7% (breast cancer), and 4.1% (prostate cancer). Cancer‐specific Elixhauser comorbidity scores (c = 0.773 for breast cancer, c = 0.772 for prostate cancer, c = 0.579 for lung cancer, and c = 0.680 for colorectal cancer) performed slightly better than cancer‐specific Charlson comorbidity scores (ie, the National Cancer Institute combined index; c = 0.762 for breast cancer, c = 0.767 for prostate cancer, c = 0.578 for lung cancer, and c = 0.674 for colorectal cancer). Individual Elixhauser comorbidities performed best (c = 0.779 for breast cancer, c = 0.783 for prostate cancer, c = 0.587 for lung cancer, and c = 0.687 for colorectal cancer).CONCLUSIONSThe cancer‐specific Elixhauser comorbidity score performed as well as or slightly better than the cancer‐specific Charlson comorbidity score in predicting 2‐year survival. If the sample size permits, using individual Elixhauser comorbidities may be the best way to control for confounding in cancer outcomes research. Cancer 2018;124:2018‐25. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Systemic Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Preliminary Efficacy of Topical AhR Agonist Tapinarof: Results of a Phase 1 Study
Authors: Bissonnette Robert , Vasist Lakshmi S. , Bullman Jonathan N. , Collingwood Therese , Chen Geng , Maeda‐Chubachi Tomoko 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTapinarof cream is a novel topical nonsteroidal agent that represents a unique class of anti‐inflammatory molecules targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Study 201851 was an open‐label, 2‐cohort sequential study that assessed the systemic pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of tapinarof in adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. A total of 11 participants were enrolled: 5 received 2% cream, and 6 received 1% cream. Tapinarof was systemically absorbed, and measurable amounts were detected in both cohorts. Generally, plasma exposure was greater with the 2% cream and decreased from day 1 to day 21. Median Tmax ranged from 1 to 4 hours. Preliminary efficacy results were similar between the 1% and 2% concentrations, with the 1% cream showing better tolerability based on 3 subjects in the 2% cohort who discontinued treatment because of systemic AEs. The efficacy and safety of 1% tapinarof support results of previous positive studies that used a different formulation. However, conclusions in the present study are limited because of the open‐label design and small number of participants. The 1% cream was selected as the concentration for use in future studies because of its lower AE incidence and efficacy comparable to the 2% cream.
A High‐Performance Application Specific Integrated Circuit for Electrical and Neurochemical Traumatic Brain Injury Monitoring
Authors: Pagkalos Ilias , Rogers Michelle L. , Boutelle Martyn G. , Drakakis Emmanuel M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper presents the first application specific integrated chip (ASIC) for the monitoring of patients who have suffered a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). By monitoring the neurophysiological (ECoG) and neurochemical (glucose, lactate and potassium) signals of the injured human brain tissue, it is possible to detect spreading depolarisations, which have been shown to be associated with poor TBI patient outcome. This paper describes the testing of a new 7.5 mm2 ASIC fabricated in the commercially available AMS 0.35 μm CMOS technology. The ASIC has been designed to meet the demands of processing the injured brain tissue's ECoG signals, recorded by means of depth or brain surface electrodes, and neurochemical signals, recorded using microdialysis coupled to microfluidics‐based electrochemical biosensors. The potentiostats use switchedcapacitor charge integration to record currents with 100 fA resolution, and allow automatic gain changing to track the falling sensitivity of a biosensor. This work supports the idea of a “behind the ear” wireless microplatform modality, which could enable the monitoring of currently non‐monitored mobile TBI patients for the onset of secondary brain injury.
Family conflict, chaos, and negative life events predict cortisol activity in low‐income children
Authors: Doom Jenalee R. , Cook Stephanie H. , Sturza Julie , Kaciroti Niko , Gearhardt Ashley N. , Vazquez Delia M. , Lumeng Julie C. , Miller Alison L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChildhood poverty is hypothesized to increase risk for mental and physical health problems at least in part through dysregulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. However, less is known about the specific psychosocial stressors associated with cortisol reactivity and regulation for children living in poverty. The current study investigates negative life events, household chaos, and family conflict in preschool and middle childhood as potential predictors of cortisol regulation in low‐income 7–10 year olds (N = 242; M age = 7.9 years). Participants were assessed in preschool and participated in a follow‐up assessment in middle childhood, during which diurnal free cortisol and free cortisol reactivity to the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST‐C) were assessed. Household chaos during preschool predicted a more blunted diurnal cortisol slope in middle childhood. Greater negative life events during preschool and greater concurrent family conflict were associated with increased free cortisol reactivity in middle childhood.
Synthesis of Diamond‐Like Carbon Films Deposited by the Ionization Vapor Method and Development of its Semiconductive Devices Fabricated by the Focused Ga Ion Beam Implantation
Authors: KURUMI SATOSHI , TAKAHARA YUSUKE , OHNO TAKAFUMI , MATSUDA KEN‐ICHI , SUZUKI KAORU 
Published: February 2018

SUMMARYIn this study, we have attempted to synthesize the Gallium (Ga)‐implanted diamond‐like carbon (DLC) film for new functional devices as substituting Si‐based materials. Intrinsic‐DLC (i‐DLC) films (energy gap: 1.45 eV) were deposited by the ionization vapor method with applying the negative pulsed bias voltage (frequency: 2 kHz, duty ratio: 30%, peak voltage: 500 V) to SiO2 substrates. Ga atoms were implanted to i‐DLC films as accepters utilizing by focused ion beam irradiation system. The Raman scattering spectra of i‐DLC and Ga‐DLC films showed typical DLC characteristics which consisted of I(D) and I(G) peaks. In order to evaluate working function of the Ga‐DLC film, several electrode materials (Au, Pt, Cu, Al, and Sn) were deposited on the films. Current–voltage characteristics of Au and Pt electrodes on Ga‐DLC films showed Ohmic contacts, and Cu, Al, and Sn electrodes were Schottky contacts. These results suggested that a work function of the Ga‐DLC film was in the range of 4.47 eV to 4.58 eV. To apply these contact properties to DLC semiconductive devices, we produced the DLC Schottky diode using Al and Pt electrodes deposited on the Ga‐DLC film. A current–voltage characteristic of DLC Schottky diode showed diode property in which amount of forward and backward voltage were 7.0 V and 17.0 V, respectively. The ideality factor n of produced diode was 11.3.
Complement factor H protects mice from ischemic acute kidney injury but is not critical for controlling complement activation by glomerular IgM
Authors: Goetz Lindsey , Laskowski Jennifer , Renner Brandon , Pickering Matthew C. , Kulik Liudmila , Klawitter Jelena , Stites Erik , Christians Uwe , van der Vlag Johan , Ravichandran Kameswaran , Holers V. Michael , Thurman Joshua M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNatural IgM binds to glomerular epitopes in several progressive kidney diseases. Previous work has shown that IgM also binds within the glomerulus after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) but does not fully activate the complement system. Factor H is a circulating complement regulatory protein, and congenital or acquired deficiency of factor H is a strong risk factor for several types of kidney disease. We hypothesized that factor H controls complement activation by IgM in the kidney after I/R, and that heterozygous factor H deficiency would permit IgM‐mediated complement activation and injury at this location. We found that mice with targeted heterozygous deletion of the gene for factor H developed more severe kidney injury after I/R than wild‐type controls, as expected, but that complement activation within the glomeruli remained well controlled. Furthermore, mice that are unable to generate soluble IgM were not protected from renal I/R, even in the setting of heterozygous factor H deficiency. These results demonstrate that factor H is important for limiting injury in the kidney after I/R, but it is not critical for controlling complement activation by immunoglobulin within the glomerulus in this setting. IgM binds to glomerular epitopes after I/R, but it is not a significant source of injury.