bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporally Controlled Supramolecular Polymerization
Authors: Dhiman Shikha , George Subi J 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The urge towards a precise control over structure and function of supramolecular polymers has recently aroused interest in temporally controlled supramolecular polymerization. The field is divided into two; living and transient supramolecular polymerization. The former deals with structural control such as length and dispersity, analogous to living polymerization in conventional polymers. The latter requires a temporally controlled switching of a structural/functional state in a supramolecular polymer. Such a control has been inspired by nature that has a precise control over spatial and temporal regimes. In this account, we describe the necessity and challenges in achieving temporal control over supramolecular polymerization. We have reviewed important reports that have attempted to obtain living and transient supramolecular polymerization. Although there has been significant advancement, the field is still in infancy due to lack of generalized schemes and designs, and we have thus discussed our perspective towards the future directions to obtain general design and next level complex supramolecular materials with spatio-temporal control.
Spatial band-pass filtering aids decoding musical genres from auditory cortex 7T fMRI
Authors: Sengupta Ayan , Pollmann Stefan , Hanke Michael 
Published: February 2018

Spatial filtering strategies, combined with multivariate decoding analysis of BOLD images, have been used to investigate the nature of the neural signal underlying the discriminability of brain activity patterns evoked by sensory stimulation -- primarily in the visual cortex. Reported evidence indicates that such signals are spatially broadband in nature, and are not primarily comprised of fine-grained activation patterns. However, it is unclear whether this is a general property of the BOLD signal, or whether it is specific to the details of employed analyses and stimuli. Here we performed an analysis of publicly available, high-resolution 7T fMRI on the response BOLD response to musical genres in primary auditory cortex that matches a previously conducted study on decoding visual orientation from V1. The results show that the pattern of decoding accuracies with respect to different types and levels of spatial filtering is comparable to that obtained from V1, despite considerable differences in the respective cortical circuitry.
Use of circulating tumor cells in prospective clinical trials for NSCLC patients – standardization of the pre-analytical conditions
Authors: Ilie Marius , Hofman Véronique , Leroy Sylvie , Cohen Charlotte , Heeke Simon , Cattet Florian , Bence Coraline , Lalvée Salomé , Mouroux Jérôme , Marquette Charles-Hugo , Hofman Paul 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background:
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) hold potential for noninvasive diagnosis, prognosis and prediction testing in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Minimizing degradation or loss of CTCs is pivotal for detection and profiling of the low abundance and fragile CTCs, particularly in clinical trials. We prospectively investigated (NCT02372448) whether a new blood collection device performed better compared to commonly used K3EDTA tubes, when subjected to long-term sample storage.

Methods:
Blood samples were drawn into K3EDTA and blood collection tubes (BCT) (Streck), and filtered by the Isolation by SizE of Tumor/Trophoblastic Cells (ISET® system), for CTC detection in two study populations of NSCLC patients; the training set of 14 patients with stage II/IV NSCLC, and the validation set of 36 patients with stage IV NSCLC). MET expression was evaluated by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement by break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on ISET-enriched CTCs.

Results:
Blood processed after 24 h and 48 h in BCT tubes showed stable CTCs counts and integrity, whereas CTCs in K3EDTA tubes showed an altered morphology in all patients. CTCs recovered in BCT or K3EDTA tubes at 24 and 48 h were evaluable by ICC for MET expression and by FISH for ALK rearrangement.

Conclusions:
The BCT tubes gave a high yield and preserved the integrity of CTCs after 24 and 48 h of storage at room temperature, which facilitate their molecular characterization in NSCLC patients entering clinical trials.
Current state and recommendations for harmonization of serum/plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone mass spectrometry methods
Authors: Greaves Ronda F. , Ho Chung Shun , Loh Tze Ping , Chai Jia Hui , Jolly Lisa , Graham Peter , Hartmann Michaela F. , de Rijke Yolanda B. , Wudy Stefan A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background:
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) methods show considerable variation in results in external quality assurance (EQA) programs. An understanding of the current status of MS-based serum/plasma 17OHP quantification is important to facilitate harmonization.

Methods:
A 50-item e-survey related to (1) laboratory characteristics, (2) pre-analytical considerations and (3) analysis of 17OHP was developed and circulated to clinical MS laboratories via professional associations in Asia Pacific, Europe and North America.

Results:
Forty-four laboratories from 17 countries completed the survey. Sample preparation varied between laboratories with protein precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction being the most common processes. Analyte separation was most commonly achieved by liquid chromatography (LC) using a C18 column and mobile phases of water, methanol and formic acid. The ions selected for quantification were 331>97 m/z or 331>109 m/z. Alternative transition ions were used as qualifiers. Twenty-seven of 44 respondents reported preparing their calibrators in-house and variations in material purity and matrix were evident. Nine of 44 laboratories did not participate in an EQA program, and half did not know if their method separated out isobars. The reference intervals, and also their partitioning, reported by the laboratories were highly discrepant, in some cases, by multiple folds.

Conclusions:
Although MS-based methods are similar in many facets, they are highly disparate. Five recommendations have been developed as an outcome of this survey to support the continued improvement of analysis of serum/plasma 17OHP by MS.
Research progress in quinazoline derivatives as multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Jin Hao , Dan Hu-Guang , Rao Guo-Wu 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are involved in multiple human tumors. Therefore, RTKs are attractive targets for various antitumor strategies. Two classes of tyrosine kinase antagonists were applied in the clinic for monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A well-studied class of small-molecule inhibitors is represented by 4-anilinoquinazolines, exemplified by gefitinib and erlotinib as mono-targeted EGFR inhibitors, which were approved for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Mono-target drugs may result in drug resistance and the innovation of multi-target drugs has grown up to be an active field. Recent advances in research on antitumor bioactivity of 4-anilino(or phenoxy)quinazoline derivatives with multiple targets are reviewed in this paper. At the same time, synthetic methods of quinazolines were introduced from the point of building the ring skeleton and based on the types of reaction.
Salvaging the European Union: The Inclusive Multi-Track Supranational Option
Authors: Rosefielde Steven 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe EU has many supranational accomplishments to its credit. Frictions nonetheless exist within the EU because some members want to rollback parts of the consensus (“less Europe”) and others want to expand them (“more Europe”). The conflict cannot be amicably resolved as EU leaders are trying to do in a one-track supranational regime because both factions disagree about whether confederation or federation is best. A solution in a one-track system requires one side to capitulate to the other. This is why the EU is at an impasse. However, the conflict is easily resolved by switching from a one-track to a multi-track supranational system that allows advocates of “more Europe” and “less Europe” to do as they like in some areas, while acting collectively wherever consensus permits. The EU already accepts the multi-track principle with regard to the euro and non-euro zones, and could restore harmony to the European project by applying the principle more broadly.
Management Information Systems
Authors: Furduescu Bogdan-Alexandru 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Technology is the science that studies processes, methods and operations run or applied onto raw materials, matters or data, in order to obtain a certain product. Information is the material signal able to launch a material reaction of a dynamic auto-tuning system for which the system is conditioned and finalized. Information Technology is the technology needed for handling (procuring, processing, storing converting and transmitting) information, in particular, with the use of computers [Longley, D. & Shain, M. (1985), p. 164]. The importance of IT in the economic growth and development is widely known, taking into account the impact that technology can have on the success and survival, or the failure of the economic activity of enterprises/organizations, IT offering various management information systems (MIS), executive and feedback segments, which all have important and beneficial implications in management and control.
Deutschlands 20. Jahrhundert im Wandel zeithistorischer Narrative
Authors: Doering-Manteuffel Anselm 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz beschreibt Entwicklungslinien der deutschen Zeitgeschichte und arbeitet den Zusammenhang von historischem Prozess und historischer Erklärung heraus. Der erste Teil gilt dem Problem, dass die Bundesrepublik seit ihrer Gründung den Anspruch erhob, in der Kontinuität des Deutschen Reichs von 1871 zu stehen. Damit sollte jeder Versuch der DDR unterbunden werden, sich als eigenständiger sozialistischer Staat in Deutschland darzustellen. Dies erlaubte es den Historikern in den 1950er Jahren, das Geschichtsbild der deutschen Nationalgeschichte fortzuschreiben. Es zeichnete eine positive Entwicklung von Bismarck bis in die Weimarer Republik und grenzte das Dritte Reich als „Missgeschick“ aus der nationalen Kontinuität aus. Der zweite Teil gilt den Auswirkungen der Entspannungspolitik auf die Argumentation der Zeithistoriker. Bundesrepublik und DDR verstanden sich seit 1969/70 als selbständige Staaten. Die Vorstellung des einheitlichen Nationalstaats trat hinter die Idee von nationaler Identität zurück. Die Rivalität zwischen der DDR und der Bundesrepublik um 1980 über den Ort Preußens in der deutschen Geschichte deckte auf, dass es zwei gegeneinander gerichtete Identitäten nicht geben konnte, und der Historikerstreit zeigte 1986, dass die Identität aller Deutschen mit dem Holocaust verknüpft war und blieb. Der dritte Teil gilt der Globalisierung und beschreibt den Neoliberalismus und die Digitalisierung als deren ökonomische und technische Bestandteile. Sie bewirkten einen tiefgreifenden Wandel, in dessen Verlauf auch der nationale Staat und die parlamentarische Demokratie an Bedeutung verloren. Die transnationalen Auswirkungen des Wandels lassen sich erst dann angemessen verstehen, wenn neben Politik und Wirtschaft auch der Einfluss von Religion und die Bedeutung des öffentlichen Rechts auf die Gesellschaften der Gegenwart beachtet werden.
Balanced-norm error estimates for sparse grid finite element methods applied to singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion problems
Authors: Russell Stephen , Stynes Martin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We consider a singularly perturbed linear reaction–diffusion problem posed on the unit square in two dimensions. Standard finite element analyses use an energy norm, but for problems of this type, this norm is too weak to capture adequately the behaviour of the boundary layers that appear in the solution. To address this deficiency, a stronger so-called ‘balanced’ norm has been considered recently by several researchers. In this paper we shall use two-scale and multiscale sparse grid finite element methods on a Shishkin mesh to solve the reaction–diffusion problem, and prove convergence of their computed solutions in the balanced norm.
Ultra-broadband photodetectors based on epitaxial graphene quantum dots
Authors: El Fatimy Abdel , Nath Anindya , Kong Byoung Don , Boyd Anthony K. , Myers-Ward Rachael L. , Daniels Kevin M. , Jadidi M. Mehdi , Murphy Thomas E. , Gaskill D. Kurt , Barbara Paola 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGraphene is an ideal material for hot-electron bolometers due to its low heat capacity and weak electron-phonon coupling. Nanostructuring graphene with quantum-dot constrictions yields detectors of electromagnetic radiation with extraordinarily high intrinsic responsivity, higher than 1×109 V W−1 at 3 K. The sensing mechanism is bolometric in nature: the quantum confinement gap causes a strong dependence of the electrical resistance on the electron temperature. Here, we show that this quantum confinement gap does not impose a limitation on the photon energy for light detection and these quantum-dot bolometers work in a very broad spectral range, from terahertz through telecom to ultraviolet radiation, with responsivity independent of wavelength. We also measure the power dependence of the response. Although the responsivity decreases with increasing power, it stays higher than 1×108 V W−1 in a wide range of absorbed power, from 1 pW to 0.4 nW.
A novel hybrid genetic algorithm for optimal design of IPM machines for electric vehicle
Authors: Wang Aimeng , Guo Jiayu 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
A novel hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is proposed to optimize the rotor structure of an IPM machine which is used in EV application. The finite element (FE) simulation results of the HGA design is compared with the genetic algorithm (GA) design and those before optimized. It is shown that the performance of the IPMSM is effectively improved by employing the GA and HGA, especially by HGA. Moreover, higher flux-weakening capability and less magnet usage are also obtained. Therefore, the validity of HGA method in IPMSM optimization design is verified.
Lamination effects on a 3D model of the magnetic core of power transformers
Authors: Poveda-Lerma Antonio , Serrano-Callergues Guillermo , Riera-Guasp Martin , Pineda-Sanchez Manuel , Puche-Panadero Ruben , Perez-Cruz Juan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this paper the lamination effect on the model of a power transformer’s core with stacked E-I structure is analyzed. The distribution of the magnetic flux in the laminations depends on the stacking method. In this work it is shown, using a 3D FEM model and an experimental prototype, that the non-uniform distribution of the flux in a laminated E-I core with alternate-lap joint stack increases substantially the average value of the magnetic flux density in the core, compared with a butt joint stack. Both the simulated model and the experimental tests show that the presence of constructive air-gaps in the E-I junctions gives rise to a zig-zag flux in the depth direction. This inter-lamination flux reduces the magnetic flux density in the I-pieces and increases substantially the magnetic flux density in the E-pieces, with highly saturated points that traditional 2D analysis cannot reproduce. The relation between the number of laminations included in the model, and the computational resourses needed to build it, is also evaluated in this work.
“We’re not in a club now”: a neo-Brown and Levinson approach to analyzing courtroom data
Authors: Grainger Karen 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Discursive approaches to analyzing politeness often eschew Brown and Levinson’s theory of
politeness as being too dependent on speech act theory and Gricean pragmatics. However, in this
analysis of a courtroom interaction I will show how some of the concepts from Brown and Levinson’s
theory, such as face-threatening behaviour and positive and negative politeness, can provide us
with a vocabulary with which to talk about dynamic situated interaction. These are combined with
reference to the norms of behaviour in the context of situation, as well as an appreciation of how
meaning is defined as negotiated by participants as they interact. In the interaction under question
here I show how the meaning of these utterances can be observed in the data themselves by looking
at the sequence and take-up of turns at talk and by commenting on the relationship between the
form of the utterances and the context in which they are uttered. In this way, some of the most useful
concepts from Brown and Levinson are applied to the data from a constructivist perspective.
Production, quality control, biodistribution and imaging studies of 177Lu-PSMA-617 in breast adenocarcinoma model
Authors: Sharifi Mehdi , Jalilian Amir Reza , Yousefnia Hassan , Alirezapour Behrouz , Bahrami-Samani Ali , Zolghadri Samaneh 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

177Lu-PSMA-617 therapeutic agent was prepared successfully under optimized condition of pH=4.5, molar ratio of metal to ligand 1:10, temperature of 95°C and 40 min reaction time. 177LuCl3 was obtained with specific activity of 70–80 GBq/mg by the thermal neutron irradiation (5×1013 n cm−2 s−1) of the enriched Lu2O3 (52% 176Lu) samples. The radionuclidic purity of 177LuCl3 (>99%) was checked by a HPGe detector. The radiochemical purities of 177LuCl3 solution and 177Lu-PSMA-617 compound (>98%) were checked by ITLC and HPLC techniques and stability studies were assayed in the presence of human serum. Biodistribution and imaging assessments in the breast adenocarcinoma-bearing mice showed a major accumulation of activity in the tumor and kidneys tissues, as the expression site of PSMA molecule and the main route of excretion, respectively.
The effects of reflexology on joint pain and disability in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip joints
Authors: Kielar Karolina , Drzał-Grabiec Justyna , Truszczyńska Aleksandra , Twarowska Natalia 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint disorders and affects a significant percentage of the elderly. Reflexology is a therapeutic method of applying appropriate compression technique to pressure points located, for instance, on feet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of foot reflexology treatment on pain and vitality level in persons with osteoarthritis. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on a group 20 individuals (16 women and 4 men) aged 41-76, who suffered from osteoarthritis. Two questionnaires (surveys), i.e. the NRS scale and the WOMAC questionnaire, were the research tools applied in the study. The study was conducted prior to the therapy and after a series of 8 sessions. Results: After the treatment, the researchers observed an improvement in average results obtained in the WOMAC questionnaire. Moreover, the respondents reported a reduction in pain intensity and improvement in functionality. The applied treatment effectively reduced the intake of pain medications by the surveyed individuals (p = 0.006). The respondents also reported improvement in the quality of sleep. Conclusions: According to the individuals surveyed, reflexology is an effective analgesic method, as a notable reduction in pain severity was observed. Reflexology increases the activity of patients and reduces the intake of pain medications.
Innate Immune Mechanisms in Myocardial Infarction - An Update
Authors: Mares Razvan Gheorghita , Marinkovic Goran , Cotoi Ovidiu Simion , Schiopu Alexandru 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Currently there are no available treatments specifically targeting the post-ischemic myocardial processes that lead to heart failure and recurrent coronary events. The innate immune system plays a central role in the two consecutive phases that follow an acute ischemic event: the inflammatory phase and the reparatory phase. The inflamatory phase involves a massive infiltration of neutrophils and inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes into the injured myocardium. The reparatory phase is orchestrated by reparatory Ly6Clo macrophages that clear necrotic and apoptotic cells through efferocytosis, secrete anti-inflammatory mediators and stimulate fibrosis and repair. Important recent studies provided proof that Ly6Chi monocytes that enter the myocardium in the inflammatory phase upregulate the orphan nuclear receptor Nr4a1 and switch phenotype to Ly6CloNr4a1hi reparatory macrophages. Additionally, neutrophils have been shown to promote cardiac recovery by upregulating expression of the efferocytosis receptor MerTK on reparatory macrophages. A finely tuned balance between the inflammatory and the reparatory phases is thus essential for limiting myocardial damage and promoting efficient recovery. Treatment strategies targeting only the inflammatory phase have so far failed to improve prognosis in AMI patients. A detailed understanding of the interplay between the two phases of the innate immune response is paramount for designing efficient therapies able to improve post- AMI prognosis. In the current review, we summarize the state-of-the-art of the field and discuss previous therapeutic attempts and currently ongoing clinical trials targeting innate immune mechanisms in AMI patients.
The Cuneiform Documents from the Iraqi Excavation at Drehem
Authors: Al-Mutawalli Nawala , Sallaberger Walther , Shalkham Ali Ubeid 
Published: February 2018

Abstract:
Drehem, ancient Puzriš-Dagān, is well known as the place of origin of more than 15,000 cuneiform tablets from the Ur III period that were sold on the antiquities markets from 1909 onwards. The State Board of Antiquities and Heritage of Iraq undertook the first controlled excavations at the site in 2007 under the direction of Ali Ubeid Shalkham. The cuneiform texts and fragments found there not only add to the well-known royal archives dealing with cattle, treasure or shoes, but they include many records on crafts and agriculture. With this evidence, the subsistence economy behind this important administrative center and royal palace of the Third Dynasty of Ur becomes more evident.
We thank the Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, the Iraq Museum Baghdad and Mr Ali Ubeid Shalkham for the permission to publish the tablets from the excavation season of 2007. The stays of Nawala Al-Mutawalli at LMU Munich in 2015 and 2016 in order to prepare this article were generously funded by the Gerda Henkel Stiftung. We are grateful to Margarete van Ess for the invitation to a first meeting in 2013 at the DAI Orientabteilung, Berlin. Thanks are owed to Manuel Molina for his careful reading of this article and his helpful remarks and Frans van Koppen for his editorial care. Walther Sallaberger’s work also contributes to his “Sumerisches Glossar” project. – All photos and plans of the excavation were made by Ali Ubeid Shalkham, the tablets in the Iraq Museum were photographed by Nawala Al-Mutawalli Mahmood. The abbreviations follow the Reallexikon für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie. The online digital resources CDLI (cdli.ucla.edu) and especially BDTNS (bdtns.filol.csic.es) have proven once more to be indispensable for our studies of lexicography and prosopography.