bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students encouraging other students' learning: Leadership shared metacognition in practice
Authors: Hassell‐Goodman Sharrell , Yamanaka Aoi , Athanasiou Janet , Arminio Jan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article discusses the conceptual bridges between the leadership learning framework; specifically, its emphasis on metacognition and social justice advocacy, and explores how leadership education might be revamped. The focus of the article is practicing socially shared metacognition using the American Counseling Association's (ACA) advocacy competencies model. The purpose of the ACA advocacy model is to offer comprehensive advocacy—at individual, group, and community dimensions—with interventions aimed at systematic change. The model stresses creating alliances and working with the community. The article concludes with the practical implications of applying metacognition in leadership education and additional resources. A case example (Kai) is used throughout this article.
Asymptotic analysis of geometrically nonlinear beam vibrations: Kirchhoff and Bolotin equations
Authors: Andrianov Igor V. , Koblik Steve G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe paper analyzes various approximate models of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of a beam. In practice, simplified equations are often based on the quasi‐static Kirchhoff hypothesis—neglecting axial inertia. This hypothesis is justified with the prescribed end‐displacements of the beam in the axial direction. Under dead loading, quasi‐static Kirchhoff hypothesis results in a linear equation. The corresponding approximate equations obtained in this paper are based on the asymptotic procedure. The ratio of bending stiffness to reduced tensile/compressive stiffness is taken as a small parameter. Axial inertia is taken into account in the equation of the first approximation. Introduced by V.V. Bolotin concept “nonlinear inertia” is discussed. The most common errors in using the quasi‐static Kirchhoff hypothesis are analyzed.
Explanatory Capabilities of Large Language Models in Prescriptive Process Monitoring
Authors: Kubrak Kateryna , Botchorishvili Lana , Milani Fredrik , Nolte Alexander , Dumas Marlon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrescriptive process monitoring (PrPM) systems analyze ongoing business process instances to recommend real-time interventions that optimize performance. The usefulness of these systems hinges on users applying the generated recommendations. Thus, users need to understand the rationale behind these recommendations. One way to build this understanding is to enhance each recommendation with explanations. Existing approaches generate explanations consisting of static text or plots, which users often struggle to understand. Previous work has shown that dialogue systems enhance the effectiveness of explanations in recommender systems. Large Language Models (LLMs) are an emerging technology that facilitates the construction of dialogue systems. In this paper, we investigate the applicability of LLMs for generating explanations in PrPM systems. Following a design science approach, we elicit explainability questions that users may have for PrPM outputs, we design a prompting method on this basis, and we conduct an evaluation with potential users to assess their perception of the explanations and their approach to interact with the system. The results indicate that LLMs can help users of PrPM systems to better understand the origin of the recommendations, and to produce recommendations that have sufficient detail and fulfill their expectations. On the other hand, users find that the explanations do not always address the “why” of a recommendation and do not let them judge if they can trust the recommendation.
Efficient learning with projected histograms
Authors: Huang Zhanliang , Kabán Ata , Reeve Henry 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHigh dimensional learning is a perennial problem due to challenges posed by the “curse of dimensionality”; learning typically demands more computing resources as well as more training data. In differentially private (DP) settings, this is further exacerbated by noise that needs adding to each dimension to achieve the required privacy. In this paper, we present a surprisingly simple approach to address all of these concerns at once, based on histograms constructed on a low-dimensional random projection (RP) of the data. Our approach exploits RP to take advantage of hidden low-dimensional structures in the data, yielding both computational efficiency, and improved error convergence with respect to the sample size—whereby less training data suffice for learning. We also propose a variant for efficient differentially private (DP) classification that further exploits the data-oblivious nature of both the histogram construction and the RP based dimensionality reduction, resulting in an efficient management of the privacy budget. We present a detailed and rigorous theoretical analysis of generalisation of our algorithms in several settings, showing that our approach is able to exploit low-dimensional structure of the data, ameliorates the ill-effects of noise required for privacy, and has good generalisation under minimal conditions. We also corroborate our findings experimentally, and demonstrate that our algorithms achieve competitive classification accuracy in both non-private and private settings.
Precise Calorimetry of Small Metal Samples Using Noise Thermometry
Authors: Knapp Jan , Levitin Lev V. , Nyéki Ján , Brando Manuel , Saunders John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe describe a compact calorimeter that opens ultra-low-temperature heat capacity studies of small metal crystals in moderate magnetic fields. The performance is demonstrated on the canonical heavy fermion metal YbRh$$_{2}$$

2

Si$$_{2}$$

2

. Thermometry is provided by a fast current sensing noise thermometer. This single thermometer enables us to cover a wide temperature range of interest from 175 µK to 90 mK with temperature-independent relative precision. Temperatures are tied to the international temperature scale with a single-point calibration. A superconducting solenoid surrounding the cell provides the sample field for tuning its properties and operates a superconducting heat switch. Both adiabatic and relaxation calorimetry techniques, as well as magnetic field sweeps, are employed. The design of the calorimeter results in an addendum heat capacity which is negligible for the study reported. The keys to sample and thermometer thermalisation are the lack of dissipation in the temperature measurement and the steps taken to reduce the parasitic heat leak into the cell to the tens of fW level.
Promoter of COR2-like gene is a stress inducible regulatory region in banana
Authors: Negi Sanjana , Mahashabde Nikita , Bhakta Subham , Singh Sudhir , Tak Himanshu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA promoter is a crucial component in driving the expression of a transgene of interest for biotechnological applications in crop improvement and thus characterization of varied regulatory regions is essential. Here, we identified the promoter of COR2-like (codeinone reductase-like) from banana and characterized its tissue specific and stress inducible nature. MusaCOR2-like of banana is closely related to COR2 and CHR (chalcone reductase) sequences from different plant species and contains signature sequences including a catalytic tetrad typical of proteins with aldo–keto reductase activity. Transcript level of MusaCOR2-like was strongly induced in response to drought, salinity and exposure of signaling molecules such as abscisic acid, methyl-jasmonate and salicylic acid. Induction of MusaCOR2-like under stress strongly correlated with the presence of multiple cis-elements associated with stress responses in the PMusaCOR2-like sequence isolated from Musa cultivar Rasthali. Transgenic tobacco lines harbouring PMusaCOR2-like-GUS displayed visible GUS expression in vascular tissue of leaves and stem while its expression was undetectable in roots under control conditions. Exposure to drought, salinity and cold strongly induced GUS expression from PMusaCOR2-like-GUS in transgenic tobacco shoots in a window period of 3H to 12H. Applications of salicylic acid, methyl-jasmonate, abscisic acid and ethephon also activate GUS in transgenic shoots at different period, with salicylic acid and abscisic acid being the stronger stimulants of PMusaCOR2-like. Using PMusaCOR2-like-GUS fusion and expression profiling, the current study sheds insights into a complex regulation of COR2-like, one of the least studied genes of secondary metabolite pathway in plants.
Differentiation between multifocal CNS lymphoma and glioblastoma based on MRI criteria
Authors: Müller Sebastian Johannes , Khadhraoui Eya , Henkes Hans , Ernst Marielle , Rohde Veit , Schatlo Bawarjan , Malinova Vesna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Differentiating between glioblastoma (GB) with multiple foci (mGB) and multifocal central nervous system lymphoma (mCNSL) can be challenging because these cancers share several features at first appearance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to explore morphological differences in MRI findings for mGB versus mCNSL and to develop an interpretation algorithm with high diagnostic accuracy.

Methods
In this retrospective study, MRI characteristics were compared between 50 patients with mGB and 50 patients with mCNSL treated between 2015 and 2020. The following parameters were evaluated: size, morphology, lesion location and distribution, connections between the lesions on the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence, patterns of contrast enhancement, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values within the tumor and the surrounding edema, as well as MR perfusion and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) whenever available.

Results
A total of 187 mCNSL lesions and 181 mGB lesions were analyzed. The mCNSL lesions demonstrated frequently a solid morphology compared to mGB lesions, which showed more often a cystic, mixed cystic/solid morphology and a cortical infiltration. The mean measured diameter was significantly smaller for mCNSL than mGB lesions (p < 0.001). Tumor ADC ratios were significantly smaller in mCNSL than in mGB (0.89 ± 0.36 vs. 1.05 ± 0.35, p < 0.001). The ADC ratio of perilesional edema was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in mCNSL than in mGB. In SWI / T2*-weighted imaging, tumor-associated susceptibility artifacts were more often found in mCNSL than in mGB (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The lesion size, ADC ratios of the lesions and the adjacent tissue as well as the vascularization of the lesions in the MR-perfusion were found to be significant distinctive patterns of mCNSL and mGB allowing a radiological differentiation of these two entities on initial MRI. A diagnostic algorithm based on these parameters merits a prospective validation.
Contraception Choice for Female Endurance Athletes: What’s Sport Got to Do With It? A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Ryall Stephanie , Ohrling Heidi , Stellingwerff Trent , Black Stephanie , Reilly Kristen , Thornton Jane S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
While there are several prescribed contraceptive methods available, limited evidence exists to guide contraceptive decision-making in the context of endurance sport.

Objectives
Study objectives were to characterize current and previous use, perceived impacts, and the decision process around contraceptives in endurance athletes.

Methods
This was an online survey study with female endurance athletes recruited through social media and emails to university/club coaches and sport organizations. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and conventional content analysis, respectively.

Results
A total of 323 female endurance athletes participated. Among current contraception users (n = 182), 51% used hormonal intrauterine devices (hIUDs), 29% oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), and 13% nonhormonal IUDs (nhIUDs). hIUD users had the highest perceived positive training (39%) and competition (29%) impacts, citing reduced menstrual bleeding and symptoms as positive side effects. OCP and nhIUD users had higher rates of perceived negative training impacts (OCPs 10%, nhIUDs 30%). For OCP users, 31% reported perceived adverse body composition outcomes and 37% reported negative mood changes. Among nhIUD users, 74% experienced heavier, more irregular menstrual bleeding. Over half of participants were unsure about the impact of their current method on performance. For contraceptive selection, 95% felt that information from physicians was important, yet 32% felt performance was inadequately considered during counseling discussion. Athletes reported less frustration with their contraception choice when counseled in the context of sport.

Conclusions
This exploratory study quantifies and qualifies the lived experiences of female endurance athletes with contraception. hIUDs were the most currently used and well-tolerated contraceptives among participants. This research offers valuable insights for athletes seeking contraception and looking to optimize both performance and health, along with the healthcare professionals guiding them.
ZEB1 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Endometrial Epithelial Cells and Plays a Critical Role in Embryo Implantation in Mice
Authors: Xu Zhong , Yang Huan-Huan , Chen Hou-Zhi , Huang Bi-Zhen , Yang Ming , Liao Zhen-Hua , Xiao Bi-Qing , Chen Hong-Qin , Ran Jing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractZinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in carcinogenesis, but its role in embryo implantation has not yet been well studied. In the present study we evaluated the hypothesis that ZEB1-induced EMT is essential for embryo implantation in vivo. Endometrial epithelium from female Kunming mice (non-pregnant, and pregnant from day 2.5 to 6.5) were collected for assessment of mRNA/protein expression of ZEB1, and EMT markers E-cadherin and vimentin, by employment of real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining. To test if knockdown of ZEB1 affects embryo implantation in vivo, mice received intrauterine injection of shZEB1 before the number of embryos implanted was counted. The results showed that, ZEB1 was highly expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in the mouse endometrium on day 4.5 of pregnancy, paralleled with down-regulated E-cadherin and up-regulated vimentin expression (P < 0.05). Intrauterine injection of shZEB1 markedly suppressed embryo implantation in mice (P < 0.01). Conclusively, the present work demonstrated that ZEB1 is essential for embryo implantation under in vivo condition, and is possibly due to its effect on modulation of endometrial receptivity through EMT.
C-reactive protein compared to procalcitonin in guiding of anti-microbial stoppage in patients with septic shock
Authors: Abdelrahman Ehab Ahmed , Abdelazeem Ehab Said , Heikal Amr Tarek , Ibrahim Ibrahim Emad Fawzy Rezk 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
One of the greatest and most effective strategies to decrease the likelihood of discovering antibiotic-resistant bacteria in patients receiving critical care is to shorten the duration of antibiotic therapy.

Objectives
To assess the utility of procalcitonin compared to traditional inflammation markers like C-reactive protein in an antimicrobial stoppage in patients with septic shock.

Methods
This was a comparative, prospective, randomized, observer-blind clinical experiment conducted on 60 septic patients hospitalized in intensive care units at Benha University hospitals between May 2021 and May 2022. Groups for PCT and CRP patients were separated. The full clinical history, co-morbidities that were related, and patient history were recorded. The baseline PCT and CRP values were determined on days 4, 7, 10, and 14. They were contrasted with sepsis ratings obtained from the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and the Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA). Days 4, 7, and 10 were used to evaluate the antibiotic's efficacy.

Results
There was no correlation between CRP levels and APACHE II and SOFA scores on days 1, 4, and 7, but on days 7 and 10, PCT levels were strongly linked with both (P < 0.05). PCT was linked to lower antibacterial exposure (23.3% of PCT participants ceased taking antibiotics on day 4, compared to 6.6% of CRP participants; P = 0.07). After 10 days, 30% of the PCT group and 70% of the CRP group kept up their antimicrobial regimen (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion
Procalcitonin dramatically reduced the duration of antimicrobial treatment. Procalcitonin use has reduced hospital expenses, complications of extended hospital stay, side effects of excessive antibiotic use, and hence, the mortality rate in septic patients.
Finerenone in heart failure and chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes: FINE-HEART pooled analysis of cardiovascular, kidney and mortality outcomes
Authors: Vaduganathan Muthiah , Filippatos Gerasimos , Claggett Brian L. , Desai Akshay S. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Henderson Alasdair , Brinker Meike , Kolkhof Peter , Schloemer Patrick , Lay-Flurrie James , Viswanathan Prabhakar , Lam Carolyn S. P. , Senni Michele , Shah Sanjiv J. , Voors Adriaan A. , Zannad Faiez , Rossing Peter , Ruilope Luis M. , Anker Stefan D. , Pitt Bertram , Agarwal Rajiv , McMurray John J. V. , Solomon Scott D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome is an emerging entity that connects cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and diabetes. The non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone has been studied in three prospective randomized clinical trials of patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: FIDELIO-DKD, FIGARO-DKD and FINEARTS-HF. In light of the strong epidemiological overlap and shared mechanistic drivers of clinical outcomes across cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, we summarize the efficacy and safety of finerenone on cardiovascular, kidney and mortality outcomes in this pre-specified participant-level pooled analysis. The three trials included 18,991 participants (mean age 67 ± 10 years; 35% women). During 2.9 years of median follow-up, the primary outcome of cardiovascular death occurred in 421 (4.4%) participants assigned to finerenone and 471 (5.0%) participants assigned to placebo (hazard ratio (HR): 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78–1.01; P = 0.076). Death from any cause occurred in 1,042 (11.0%) participants in the finerenone arm and in 1,136 (12.0%) participants in the placebo arm (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84–0.99; P = 0.027). Finerenone further reduced the risk of hospitalization from heart failure (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75–0.92; P < 0.001) and the composite kidney outcome (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72–0.90; P < 0.001). While in this pooled analysis the reduction in cardiovascular death was not statistically significant, finerenone reduced the risks for deaths of any cause, cardiovascular events and kidney outcomes. PROSPERO identifier: CRD42024570467.
Research on interval prediction method of railway freight based on big data and TCN‐BiLSTM‐QR
Authors: Feng Chenyang , Lei Yang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of logistics, the categories of goods and the frequencies of train transportation in railway freight have increased significantly. The volatility and uncertainty of railway freight transportation have become even greater. Accurately predicting railway freight volume in the medium to long term has become increasingly challenging. On the basis of traditional prediction models, this paper introduces the concepts of interval and probability prediction, and proposes a temporal convolutional network (TCN)‐bi‐directional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM) interval prediction method for medium and long‐term railway freight volume. The method uses grey relational analysis for data dimensionality reduction and feature extraction, and TCN, BiLSTM, and quantile regression for modelling. Through a case study of freight transportation on the Shuohuang Railway, the results show that the TCN‐BiLSTM model achieves higher accuracy in point prediction and better performance in interval prediction compared to other general prediction models. The interval prediction can provide references for freight volume fluctuations in periods with significant volatility, which can assist railway transportation companies in better scheduling and planning based on such information.
Comparative analyses of publicness in urban squares within a diversifying metropolis
Authors: Istrate Aura-Luciana , Mitchell Annie , Russell Paula , Murphy Sadhbh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnsuring publicness and accommodating more diverse human activity in urban public spaces is necessary. This research analyses the relationship between human activities, ownership, and physical features encouraging or discouraging use within the city centre of Dublin (Ireland), a diversifying metropolis experiencing dereliction. Four urban squares were assessed through fieldwork, including direct observation and behavioural mapping. Results indicate that publicness and features encouraging or discouraging use are not directly associated with site ownership. Nor was the presence of nature and landscaping determined by ownership, though it generated microclimates that promoted a higher mix of activities. Implications of going beyond formal definitions of ownership for publicness placed under broader sustainability agendas and recommendations for urban design practice are derived.
Estimating Additive Interaction in Two-Stage Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis
Authors: Basten Maartje , van Tuijl Lonneke A , Pan Kuan-Yu , Hoogendoorn Adriaan W , Lamers Femke , Ranchor Adelita V , Dekker Joost , Frank Philipp , Galenkamp Henrike , Knol Mirjam J , Noisel Nolwenn , Payette Yves , Sund Erik R , Zwinderman Aeilko H , Portengen Lützen , Geerlings Mirjam I 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis provides important opportunities to study interaction and effect modification for which individual studies often lack power. While previous meta-analyses have commonly focused on multiplicative interaction, additive interaction holds greater relevance for public health and may in certain contexts better reflect biological interaction. Methodological literature on interaction in IPD meta-analysis does not cover additive interaction for models including binary or time-to-event outcomes. We aimed to describe how the Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI) and other measures of additive interaction or effect modification can be validly estimated within two-stage IPD meta-analysis. First, we explain why direct pooling of study-level RERI estimates may lead to invalid results. Next, we propose a three-step procedure to estimate additive interaction: 1) estimate effects of both exposures and their product term on the outcome within each individual study; 2) pool study-specific estimates using multivariate meta-analysis; 3) estimate an overall RERI and 95% confidence interval based on the pooled effect estimates. We illustrate this procedure by investigating interaction between depression and smoking and risk of smoking-related cancers using data from the PSYchosocial factors and Cancer (PSY-CA) consortium. We discuss implications of this procedure, including the application in meta-analysis based on published data.