bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POSTCOLONIALITY AND THE TWO SITES OF HISTORICITY
Authors: RANJAN RITWIK 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThis essay examines the two sites of historicity, namely history‐writing and historical agency, and their interrelationship. I borrow the idea of “sites of historicity” from historian Michel‐Rolph Trouillot's Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History (1995). For the purpose of analyzing how the relationship between the two sites changes with time and context, using Trouillot's theoretical lens, I examine the philosophies of history of Immanuel Kant and G. W. F. Hegel. By citing instances from these two philosophers, I claim that with the rise of nineteenth‐century colonialism, the two sites of historicity became discursively related in a specific way, whereby historical agency came to be predicated on history‐writing. Hence, in contrast to Kant's work, in Hegel's philosophy of history the relationship between the two sites of historicity acquired a decidedly colonialist form. As a result of this predication of historical agency on history‐writing, the alleged lack of historiography of certain cultures began to be considered as a token of their lack of political ability. The essay ends with the suggestion that the postcolonial thinkers and commentators who deal with historiography should challenge the foregoing predication, as it continues to inform contemporary thought concerning historiography.
3. BUDDHIST TECHNOLOGIES OF STATECRAFT AND MILLENNIAL MOMENTS
Authors: BLACKBURN ANNE M. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThere are striking family resemblances between models and modes of kingship in the Safavid and Mughal worlds discussed by Azfar Moin and those that characterized Buddhist kingship in the premodern Indian Ocean arena, which encompassed polities including Poḷonnāruva, Dambadeṇiya, Koṭṭē, Bagan, Sukhothai, and Chiang Mai. In courtly contexts, Buddhists—operating at the intersection of intellectual traditions in Pali and Sanskrit languages—depended upon protective technologies including astrology and interpreted threats and prospects according to millennial science. Working comparatively, across the premodern Indian Ocean and Indo‐Persian worlds, can help historians of Buddhism and Islam to understand more clearly the intellectual histories and repertoires of royal practice according to which kings and strongmen within each sphere sought to gain and retain the throne.
A prospective study assessing the effect of coronal tooth structure loss on the outcome of root canal retreatment
Authors: Al‐Nuaimi N. , Patel S. , Austin R. S. , Mannocci F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the outcome of secondary root canal treatment (retreatment) on posterior teeth in relation to the residual volume of coronal tooth structure, measured with an intraoral scanner, using periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodologyA total of 137 posterior teeth in 121 patients were assessed clinically and radiographically using periapical radiographs and CBCT scans at baseline and 1 year after root canal retreatment. The increase or decrease in the size of preoperative periapical radiolucencies and development of new radiolucencies were assessed by a consensus panel consisting of two pre‐calibrated examiners. A clinical impression was obtained for each tooth after completion of root canal retreatment, before the placement of the temporary restoration and following cast restoration placement to produce two casts. All casts were scanned using an intraoral digital scanner and the three‐dimensional volume of remaining tooth structure calculated. Teeth were also classified according to the number of remaining coronal walls before core build‐up. χ2 test was used to determine the association between the outcome of root canal retreatments and the volume of remaining coronal tooth structure.ResultsAt the 1‐year recall, teeth retaining less than 30% of their original tooth structure volume had a significantly higher proportion of unfavourable outcomes (χ2, P < 0.05, odds ratio [OR], 2.58; 95% CI, 1.026–6.487).ConclusionsThe loss of tooth structure volume is an objective parameter that can be used to predict the probability of success of root canal retreatments. At 1‐year follow‐up, the percentage of unfavourable outcomes of root canal retreated teeth was significantly higher when less than 30% of the original tooth tissue structure was present at baseline.
Expression of factors involved in dental pulp physiopathological processes by nemotic human pulpal fibroblasts
Authors: Le Clerc J. , Tricot‐Doleux S. , Pellen‐Mussi P. , Pérard M. , Jeanne S. , Pérez F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate in human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPF) the expression of factors involved in dental pulp physiopathological processes and in an experimental model of cell activation called nemosis, and to compare the behaviour of pulp cell activation with sound lung fibroblast MRC5, employed as a reference model for nemosis.MethodologyNemotic response was induced in three‐dimensional cultures of HDPF and lung fibroblasts. The expressions of molecules involved in physiological (alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen) and in inflammatory processes (IL‐6, CXCL8, CCL20, COX‐2) were studied using real‐time PCR. Concentrations of IL‐6 and CXCL8 were analysed during 4 days with ELISA. Nonparametric tests were used to determine statistical differences between groups.ResultsA significant decrease (P < 0.001) in type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase was observed in MRC5 and HDPF nemotic responses. Although the amounts of mRNA differed between these cell types, there was an increase in CCL20, CXCL8 and COX‐2 expression (P < 0.001). Unlike HDPF, MRC5 spheroids displayed significant amounts of IL‐6 concentrations and mRNA expression. Notably, increased concentrations of CXCL8 were recorded in all three‐dimensional cultures compared with monolayers as a function of time (P < 0.05).ConclusionAlthough the nemotic responses observed were not identical in the pulpal and lung fibroblasts, similarities occurred in the expression of chemokines and cyclooxygenase‐2. Nemotic reactions and inflammatory processes in pulp diseases share similarities in terms of the expression of factors. Thus, this in vitro model could constitute a powerful tool to study intercellular relations within the dental pulp and to develop new local treatments to counteract the inflammatory reaction that occurs during pulpitis.
Heyde syndrome revisited: anaemia and aortic stenosis
Authors: Tjahjadi Catherina , Wee Yong , Hay Karen , Tesar Peter , Clarke Andrew , Walters Darren L. , Bett Nicholas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe association of anaemia with aortic stenosis (AS) has been recognised for over 50 years; however, although there have been several sporadic reports, there are few data on the prevalence of this syndrome.AimsWe sought to compare the prevalence of anaemia in adults with AS with that of controls who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing pre‐procedural levels of haemoglobin in 1537 adults who underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) for AS with 8025 contemporaneous patients who had CABG. We hypothesised that the prevalence of anaemia in patients with AS would be significantly higher than in the control group.ResultsA total of 30.1% in the AVR group was anaemic compared to 16.2% in the CABG group. The mean haemoglobin concentration measured across the whole population was significantly lower (132 g/L) in AVR patients than in those who underwent CABG (138 g/L). In a multivariable model, haemoglobin levels varied significantly by treatment group, gender and age. The adjusted marginal mean haemoglobin value was 135.6 g/L in AVR patients compared to 137.3 g/L in CABG patients.ConclusionsThe prevalence of anaemia was significantly greater in patients with AS than in a contemporaneous cohort that underwent CABG. This may indicate that Heyde syndrome is more common than has been generally appreciated and should be considered in the evaluation of anaemia in patients with AS.
A randomized‐controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of the ‘Home‐but not Alone’ mobile‐health application educational programme on parental outcomes
Authors: Shorey Shefaly , Lau Ying/Y. , Dennis Cindy‐Lee , Chan Yah Shih , Tam Wilson W.S. , Chan Yiong Huak 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo examine the effectiveness of Home‐but not Alone, a postnatal psychoeducational programme delivered via a mobile‐health application for parents during the early postpartum period to improve parenting outcomes.BackgroundThe early postpartum period is often a challenging but crucial period for new parents. Supportive educational programmes delivered via mobile‐health applications are needed to improve parenting outcomes.DesignA randomized‐controlled two‐group pre‐test and post‐test design was adopted.MethodsData were collected over 6 months (December 2015–May 2016) from 250 participants in a tertiary teaching hospital. They were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 126) or control (n = 124) groups. Parental self‐efficacy, social support, postnatal depression and parenting satisfaction were measured using reliable and valid instruments. A linear mixed method analysis was used to compare the percentage change of all outcome variables.ResultsThe intervention group had statistically significant improvements for parental self‐efficacy, social support and parenting satisfaction at 4 weeks postpartum compared with the control group. Postnatal depression scores did not show any significant improvement compared with the control group.ConclusionThe mobile‐health application was effective in improving parental self‐efficacy, social support and parenting satisfaction. Hence, it should be introduced and carried out in routine care by nurses. Further studies should focus on evaluating the effects of this programme in reducing postnatal depression amongst parents.Trial Registration NumberISRCTN99092313.
The content and meaning of administrative work: a qualitative study of nursing practices
Authors: Michel Lucie , Waelli Mathias , Allen Davina , Minvielle Etienne 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate the content and meaning of nurses’ administrative work.BackgroundNurses often report that administrative work keeps them away from bedside care. The content and meaning of this work remains insufficiently explored.DesignComparative case studies.MethodThe investigation took place in 2014. It was based on 254 hours of observations and 27 interviews with nurses and staff in two contrasting units: intensive care and long‐term care. A time and motion study was also performed over a period of 96 hours.ResultsDocumentation and Organizational Activities is composed of six categories; documenting the patient record, coordination, management of patient flow, transmission of information, reporting quality indicators, ordering supplies‐ stock management Equal amounts of time were spent on these activities in each case. Nurses did not express complaints about documentation in intensive care, whereas they reported feeling frustrated by it in long‐term care. These differences reflected the extent to which these activities could be integrated into nurses’ clinical work and this is in turn was related to several factors: staff ratios, informatics, and relevance to nursing work.ConclusionDocumentation and Organizational Activities are a main component of care. The meaning nurses attribute to them is dependent on organizational context. These activities are often perceived as competing with bedside care, but this does not have to be the case. The challenge for managers is to fully integrate them into nursing practice. Results also suggest that nurses’ Documentation and Organizational Activities should be incorporated into informatics strategies.
Former patients' experiences of recovery from self‐harm as an individual, prolonged learning process: a phenomenological hermeneutical study
Authors: Tofthagen Randi , Talseth Anne Grethe , Fagerstrøm Lisbeth Maria 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo explore, describe and understand former patients' experiences of recovery from self‐harm.BackgroundPrevious research shows that a person's development towards a more secure self‐image, mastery of their emotions, an understanding of what triggers self‐harm and mastery of new ways to cope with problems are central to recovery. Recovery from self‐harm is still a relatively new field of research.DesignA phenomenological hermeneutical approach.MethodsEight participants were interviewed in 2013. Inclusion criteria were as follows: to have committed no self‐harm during the past 2 years, to have experienced recovery and to be 18 or older. We analysed data using a phenomenological hermeneutical method.FindingsThe findings resulted in three themes with subthemes. The first theme, the turning point, occurred at the start of the recovery process. Participants learned to choose life, verbally express their inner pain and reconcile with their life histories. In the second theme, coping with everyday life, participants learned how to choose alternative actions instead of self‐harm and attend to their basic, physical needs. In the third theme, valuing close relationships and relationships with mental health nurses, participants learned to receive support from close relationships with others and mental health nurses. A tentative model illustrates the comprehensive understanding of the recovery process, described as an individual, prolonged learning process.ConclusionTo achieve recovery, persons who self‐harm need guidance and knowledge of how to realize a personal learning process. More research is needed on how mental health nurses can support individual transition processes and thereby facilitate recovery.
3D culture increases pluripotent gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells through relaxation of cytoskeleton tension
Authors: Zhou Ying , Chen Haiyan , Li Hong , Wu Yaojiong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) culture has been shown to improve pluripotent gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but the underlining mechanisms were poorly understood. Here, we found that the relaxation of cytoskeleton tension of MSCs in 3D culture was critically associated with the expressional up‐regulation of Nanog. Cultured in spheroids, MSCs showed decreased integrin‐based cell–matrix adhesion but increased cadherin‐based cell–cell interaction. Different from that in 2D culture, where MSCs exhibited branched and multiple‐directed F‐actin stress bundles at the cell edge and strengthened stress fibres transversing the cell body, MSCs cultured in spheroids showed compact cell body, relaxed cytoskeleton tension with very thin cortical actin filament outlining the cell, and increased expression of Nanog along with reduced levels of Suv39h1 (H3K9 methyltransferase) and H3K9me3. Notably, pharmaceutical inhibition of actin polymerization with cytochalasin D or silencing Suv39h1 expression with siRNA in 2D‐cultured MSCs elevated the expression of Nanog via H3K9 demethylation. Thus, our data suggest that 3D culture increases the expression of Nanog through the relaxation of actin cytoskeleton, which mediates reduced Suv39h1 and H3K9me3 levels.
Assessment of arterial stiffness in periodontitis using a novel pulse wave imaging methodology
Authors: Sanz‐Miralles Elena C. , Li Ronny , Momen‐Heravi Fatemeh , Mendieta Carlos , Konofagou Elisa E. , Papapanou Panos N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimWe investigated the cross‐sectional relationship between periodontal status and arterial stiffness, assessed through a novel Pulse Wave Imaging methodology.MethodsEighty volunteers were enrolled (39% male, age range 24–78 years) and 33 pairs were formed of periodontitis patients/periodontally healthy controls, matched by age and gender. A full‐mouth periodontal examination was performed and the degree of stiffness of the right and left carotid arteries was assessed by measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the uniformity in pulse wave propagation (R2). Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests for paired observations were used to compare periodontitis patients and healthy controls. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the association between PWV and R2 and potential explanatory variables.ResultsPatients with periodontitis had a statistically significantly lower uniformity in wave propagation (R2) than controls (p = .01), but PWV did not differ between the two groups. Univariate analysis showed a significant negative association between R2 and periodontitis, body mass index and smoking; periodontitis remained statistically associated with R2 in the multivariate analyses.ConclusionsPatients with periodontitis and no established cardiovascular disease presented with lower degree of uniformity in the transmission of the pulse wave through the carotid arteries, suggesting an association between periodontitis and arterial stiffness/functional alterations.
A New Heterolobosean Amoeboflagellate, Tetramitus dokdoensis n. sp., Isolated from a Freshwater Pond on Dokdo Island in the East Sea, Korea
Authors: Park Jong Soo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe genus Tetramitus is a representative amoeboflagellate group within the Heterolobosea, and currently contains over a dozen species. Here, a new heterolobosean amoeboflagellate was isolated from a freshwater pond on Dokdo Island, Korea. The amoebae have eruptive pseudopodia, no uroidal filament, and a nucleus with a central nucleolus. The length and width of the amoebae are 15.5–28.0 μm and 5.4–12.6 μm, respectively. The flagellates are conical, with 4 flagella of equal length (~10 μm). There is a discrete rostrum in the subapical region of the flagellate form. The cyst has thin endo‐ and ectocyst layers and no cyst pores. The amoeba shows slow movement at 37 °C, but does not move at 42 °C under a light microscope. Phylogenies of the 18S rRNA gene and the ITS1‐5.8S rRNA gene‐ITS2 sequence show that the strain belongs to a subclade of Tetramitus that includes Tetramitus rostratus, Tetramitus waccamawensis and Tetramitus entericus, amongst others. Nonetheless, the strain is distinct from other species in both molecular phylogenetic trees. Thus the strain isolated from the Dokdo Island is proposed as a novel species, Tetramitus dokdoensis n. sp.
Ethnic Differences in Advance Directive Completion and Care Preferences: What Has Changed in a Decade?
Authors: Portanova Jaclyn , Ailshire Jennifer , Perez Catherine , Rahman Anna , Enguidanos Susan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractStudies have documented ethnic differences in advance directive (AD) completion, with lower rates in minority groups. Of those with ADs, blacks are more likely than whites to prefer aggressive care, but little is known about how these differences in preferences have changed over time in ethnic groups. This nationally representative study aimed to investigate whether these differences in AD development persisted after adjusting for important confounding variables. Year of death was analyzed to see how AD completion changed over time within ethnic groups, and for those with an AD, the association between these factors and opting for aggressive care was investigated. Data from the 2000 to 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) exit interviews from 7,177 decedents were used. Analyses included logistic regression to determine the relationship between ethnicity and AD completion and preferences for aggressive care and how it changed over time in ethnic groups. Forty‐six percent of decedents had completed an AD (whites 51.7%, Hispanics 18.0%, blacks 15.0%). Of blacks completing an AD, 23.8% elected prolonged care, compared with 13.3% of Hispanics and 3.3% of whites. Logistic regression revealed that blacks 75% lower odds of completing an AD and Hispanics had 70% lower odds. Model covariates had a small influence on ethnic differences, although in examining the change in AD completion over time, the odds of having an AD increased with each subsequent death year for blacks and whites but not Hispanics. Additional research is needed to investigate the effect of cultural differences in AD completion rates of ethnic minority groups to ensure that preferences are honored in the clinical setting.
The effects of a nurse‐supervised home exercise programme on improving patients’ perceptions of the benefits and barriers to exercise: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tao Xingjuan , Chow Susan Ka Yee , Wong Frances KY 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore the effects of a home exercise programme on patients’ perceptions of the barriers and benefits to exercise and adherence to the programme.BackgroundGreat efforts have been made to encourage dialysis patients to participate in rehabilitation regimens. The promotion of exercise in this population is still limited.DesignThis was a post hoc analysis of a randomised, two‐group parallel study.MethodsA total of 113 adult patients recruited from the haemodialysis units were randomised into two groups on a 1:1 ratio. Both groups received in‐centre group exercise training weekly for 6 weeks. The intervention group patients were provided with an additional individualised nurse‐led home exercise prescription and behavioural support for 12 weeks. The patients’ perceptions of the barriers and benefits to exercise, adherence to the home exercise prescription and their exercise level at weeks 6 and 12 were evaluated.ResultsThere was a significant between‐group difference in the score on patient perceptions of the barriers and benefits to exercise, with the intervention group reporting a greater reduction in perceived barriers to exercise. Significant group differences were noted in exercise level upon the completion of the programme, with the intervention group reporting higher such levels. The average adherence rate to the negotiated exercise plans was 78.9%. The intervention group of patients did better at meeting or exceeding the minimum exercise goal than did the control group.ConclusionHome exercise prescriptions and behavioural support provided by trained nurses are effective at helping patients to remove barriers to engaging in exercise training.Relevance to clinical practicePhysical exercise in a clinical arena should not be considered the exclusive domain of physical therapists; the team could collaborate with nurses to play a core role in making physical exercise for patients an essential practice of care in a multidisciplinary team.
Public‐Private Collaboration, Hybridity and Social Value: Towards New Theoretical Perspectives
Authors: Quélin Bertrand V. , Kivleniece Ilze , Lazzarini Sergio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFocusing on the collaboration intersecting public, non‐profit and private spheres of economic activity, we analyse the conceptual forms of hybridity embedded in these novel inter‐organizational arrangements, and link them to different mechanisms of creating social value. We first disentangle alternative notions of hybrid arrangements in existing literature by proposing a conceptual typology on two theoretically complementary yet distinct dimensions: hybridity in governance and hybridity in organizational logics. We show how both forms of hybridity can jointly occur in complex public‐private and cross‐sector collaborations, and propose the notion of value as a crucial bridging point between these perspectives. Crucially, we develop a conceptual framework on key theoretical mechanisms leading to economic and social value in these inter‐organizational collaborations. Our work deepens the understanding of how diverse, hybrid forms of collaboration can create value and builds critical links between previously disparate streams of literature on public‐private interaction, cross‐sector collaboration and social enterprises.