bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recreational drug use and chemsex among HIV‐infected in‐patients: a unique screening opportunity
Authors: Elliot ER , Singh S , Tyebally S , Gedela K , Nelson M 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesWhile a high rate of recreational drug use (RDU) has been documented among HIV‐infected out‐patients, particularly in men who have sex with men (MSM), there is a distinct lack of data for HIV‐infected in‐patients. Hospital admission offers a unique opportunity to engage drug users. We aimed to establish and characterize RDU among new admissions to a large dedicated London HIV in‐patient unit and compare it to RDU among general medical admissions to inform clinical pathways.MethodsA prospective opt‐out survey was administered to all new HIV‐positive admissions over a 10‐week period (cases) and all medical Acute Assessment Unit admissions over two 24‐h periods (controls). All provided consent for urine toxicology upon admission.ResultsData were collected in 59 of 65 (91%) newly admitted HIV‐positive individuals and in 48 of 54 (89%) non‐HIV‐positive medical admissions. HIV‐infected in‐patients were more likely than non‐HIV‐positive medical admissions to be male (P < 0.0001) (71% MSM), to be younger (P < 0.0001), to report current RDU (41 vs. 10%, respectively; P = 0.0001), to have a positive urine toxicology screen (19 vs. 2%, respectively; P = 0.0091) and to be a drug‐related admission (15% vs. none; P = 0.004). Thirteen of 26 HIV‐infected current recreational drug users admitted to sexualized drug taking and nine to injecting drugs. Twenty‐seven per cent (seven of 26) were known to drug services. Crystal methamphetamine, mephedrone, gamma butyrolactone/gamma hydroxybutyrate and ketamine were exclusively taken by MSM. In total, 13 of 59 HIV‐infected in‐patients had current or past infection with hepatitis C virus, of whom 92% reported lifetime drug use.ConclusionsThese data strongly support the use of formal screening and drug service referral pathways at the time of admission to hospital to engage HIV‐positive drug users.
Identification of the electromechanical material properties of a multilayer ceramic capacitor
Authors: Ko Byung‐Han , Jeong Sanggeuk , Kim Dongjoon , Park No‐Cheol , Park Young‐Pil 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) vibrates when an electrical signal containing an alternating current (AC) component is applied to it. The piezoelectric and electrostrictive coefficients of the dielectric layer are needed to analyze such vibrations because both affect the vibration. Also, they must be determined for various direct current (DC) biases because an MLCC is operated with various electrical signals and the coefficients vary as the DC bias changes. We determined the coefficients by measuring the vibration of an MLCC under a range of DC biases. When a single‐frequency AC voltage is applied to an MLCC, it vibrates with both fundamental and second‐harmonic frequencies because of piezoelectricity and electrostriction. These frequencies were measured and separated into their piezoelectric and electrostrictive components to derive the piezoelectric and electrostrictive coefficients. Because of the difficulty of calculating the coefficients, a finite element (FE) method was adopted in consideration of the complicated structure of the MLCC. The derived piezoelectric coefficients were cross‐checked and verified by impact testing. The electrostrictive vibration component was greater than the piezoelectric one except when the applied DC electric field was near zero. This showed that both piezoelectricity and electrostriction must be considered in vibrational analyses of MLCCs.
Zr‐ and Tb‐doped barium cerate‐based cermet membrane for hydrogen separation application
Authors: Islam Quazi A. , Raja Mir W. , Basu Rajendra N. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBa0.8Ce0.35Zr0.5Tb0.15O3‐δ (BCZT) perovskite has been synthesized by glycine‐assisted solution combustion method. The Ni‐Ba0.8Ce0.35Zr0.5Tb0.15O3‐δ‐based cermet membrane is obtained by cosintering NiO and BCZT powder mixture at 1550°C in reducing atmosphere. The X‐ray diffraction pattern of sintered pellet shows the characteristic peaks of both Ni and BCZT phases. FESEM image and elemental mapping confirm the presence of randomly distributed metallic nickel in the BCZT matrix. An electrical conductivity of ~14 S/cm at 700°C is achieved in Ni‐BCZT membrane, which reduced further with increase in temperature (>700°C). The cermet membrane (1.5 mm thick) shows a highest hydrogen permeation flux of ~0.07 mL/min/cm2 at 900°C. Chemical stability of Ni‐BCZT membrane has also been examined under humid and carbon dioxide containing atmosphere. The membrane shows good structural stability without any significant change in hydrogen permeation flux.
Photovoice in research involving people with intellectual disabilities: A guided photovoice approach as an alternative
Authors: Overmars‐Marx Tessa , Thomése Fleur , Moonen Xavier 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundIn studies involving people with intellectual disabilities, photovoice is increasingly used to include the voice of participants. Analysing existing literature, the present authors found that photovoice was used in various forms with different outcomes. These studies describe both obstructing and facilitating factors. The present authors designed a more standardized approach of photovoice and developed an alternative strategy: “guided photovoice.”MethodThe “guided photovoice” approach was tested on fourteen participants with intellectual disabilities. The outcomes of the approach were evaluated.ResultsThe effectiveness of the approach varied with the participants’ capabilities and needs. Some participants were talked more while taking photographs, others told their story easily during the interviews. The use of follow‐up questions was helpful to deepen the interview.ConclusionsA more standardized, guided photovoice approach is a helpful addition to the various options for using photovoice; it is important to decide which approach best fits the needs and capabilities of the participants.
Inflammatory bowel disease and oral health: systematic review and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Papageorgiou Spyridon N. , Hagner Martin , Nogueira Andressa Vilas Boas , Franke Andre , Jäger Andreas , Deschner James 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this systematic review was to systematically investigate whether there is an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and oral health.MethodsLiterature searches for randomized and non‐randomized studies were performed up to January 2017. Risk of bias within studies was assessed with the Downs and Black checklist. Across‐studies risk of bias was assessed with the GRADE framework. Quantitative synthesis was conducted with random‐effects meta‐analyses.ResultsA total of 9 cross‐sectional studies including 1297 patients were included. IBD was associated with increased risk of periodontitis (332 more patients per 1000 patients; 95% confidence interval (CI): 257–388 patients; p < 0.001) compared to non‐IBD patients. Additionally, the Decayed‐Missing‐Filled‐Teeth index of IBD patients was significantly worse than non‐IBD patients (mean difference: 3.85; 95% CI: 2.36–5.34; p = 0.005). Patients with ulcerative colitis had considerably worse oral health for most of the assessed factors, while the quality of overall evidence ranged from high to low, due to the observational nature of contributing studies.ConclusionsInflammatory bowel disease was associated with significantly higher risk of periodontitis and worse oral health compared to non‐IBD patients. However, longitudinal studies are needed in order to establish a causality link between IBD and periodontal disease.
Primary health care for people with an intellectual disability: an exploration of consultations, problems identified, and their management in Australia
Authors: Weise J. , Pollack A. , Britt H. , Trollor J. N. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundPeople with an intellectual disability (ID) have more complex and different patterns of health care needs than the general population. They experience a greater burden of multi‐morbidity, high levels of undetected and unmanaged health issues, and premature mortality than the general population. Primary care has a key role in the health care of people with an ID. Currently, very little is known about the consultation type and length, problems managed, and how general practitioners (GPs) manage these problems for people with an ID compared with the general population. This information would provide valuable insights into how GPs are achieving the health guidelines and facilitating people with an ID to achieve the highest attainable standard of health.MethodsA secondary analysis of data was collected from January 2003 to December 2012 from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health (BEACH) programme. Consultation type, consultation length in minutes, problem(s) managed during the consultation, medications, treatments provided, and referrals made, pre and post age–sex standardisation, at all GP encounters with people identified in the encounter record as having an ID (‘ID’ encounters, n = 690) were compared with those at ‘non‐ID’ encounters (n = 970 641). Statistical significance was tested with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThis study identified significant differences in consultation types, consultation length, problem(s) managed during the consultation, medications, treatments provided, and referrals made at ‘ID’ encounters compared with ‘non‐ID’ encounters. ‘ID’ encounters had more indirect encounters, longer consultations, more problems managed, but an under management of common health conditions in people with an ID. Administrative rather than medically related actions dominated clinical treatments for people at ‘ID’ encounters, and they received fewer procedural treatments, referrals to specialists, and medications compared with those at ‘non‐ID’ encounters.ConclusionThe significant differences in consultations, problems identified and managed suggest that GPs may require additional support to (1) identify and manage common medical conditions experienced by people with an ID; (2) manage the increased time required for consultations; and (3) directly consult with people with an ID. Further research is required to determine why GPs managed problems in a significantly different way for people with an ID.
HAADF‐STEM characterization and simulation of nanoparticle distributions in an inhomogeneous matrix
Authors: LIU Z. , EPICIER T. , LEFKIR Y. , VITRANT G. , DESTOUCHES N. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryMeasuring with a high accuracy the size distribution of small metallic nanoparticles loaded in a mesoporous metal oxide matrix is of particular interest for many studies related to new generations of interesting metamaterials. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool to determine the nature and morphology of very small particles, but their reliable and automatic identification in an inhomogeneous environment where the nanoparticle/background contrast locally varies is not straightforward. Here, we present how a quantitative analysis of high‐angle annular dark field scanning TEM (HAADF STEM) images, accounting for the chemical sensitivity of the technique, can improve the accuracy of semiautomatic segmentation methods based on morphological processing to calculate size histograms. The paper also provides an estimate of the reliability of this method through the analysis of numerically synthesized images. The latter are based on the simulation of HAADF STEM projections of a volume filled with titania, pores and silver particles, whose morphological features, such as dimensions, shapes and densities are evaluated from experimental measurements of real samples. The results obtained with synthesized images prove the performances of the quantitative analysis to suppress nonsilver nanoparticles from the statistics and allow to infer empirical rules to determine imaging parameters that ensure a good reliability of histograms.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Complex Calcified Lesions With Drug‐Coated Balloon After Rotational Atherectomy
Authors: Rissanen Tuomas T. , Uskela Sanna , Siljander Antti , Kärkkäinen Jussi M. , Mäntylä Pirjo , Mustonen Juha , Eränen Jaakko 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesWe investigated the safety and efficacy of PCI using drug‐coated balloon (DCB) after rotational atherectomy (rotablation) in a retrospective single center study in patients with calcified de novo coronary lesions. The majority of patients had an increased risk for bleeding.BackgroundDCB has been effective in the treatment of in‐stent restenosis, small vessels, and bifurcations. DCB enables short one month dual antiplatelet treatment. No published data exist on the use of DCB after rotablation.Methods82 PCIs were performed in 65 patients (mean age 72 ± 10 years) using rotablation followed by DCB treatment. The median follow‐up time was 17 months. 82% of the patients had at least one risk factor for bleeding such as oral anticoagulation. 32% had an acute coronary syndrome. Median duration of dual antiplatelet treatment was 1 month.ResultsMACE (the composite of cardiovascular death, ischemia‐driven target‐lesion revascularization [TLR] or non‐fatal myocardial infarction) occurred in 14% and 20% of the patients at 12 and 24 months, respectively. The rate of ischemia‐driven TLR was 1.5% at 12 months and 3.0% at 24 months. No acute closure of the treated vessel occurred. Bailout stenting was needed in 10% of the PCIs. The incidence of significant bleeding was 9% at 12 months.ConclusionsThis is the first study to show that PCI using DCB after preparation of calcified lesions with rotablation is safe and effective. This novel strategy may be considered especially in patients with a bleeding risk such as those using an oral anticoagulant.
Prosthodontic Rehabilitation for a Patient with Down Syndrome: A Clinical Report
Authors: Alqahtani Nasser M. , Alsayed Hussain D. , Levon John A. , Brown David T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPatients with Down syndrome can present with a variety of oral manifestations such as hypodontia, periodontal disease, premature tooth loss, reduced salivary flow, crowding of teeth in both arches, and decreased occlusal vertical dimension. The intellectual ability of people with Down syndrome varies widely. They present with a mild‐to‐moderate intellectual disability that restricts their ability to communicate and adjust to their environment, which can add complexity in the overall dental treatment. There is little information in the literature regarding the prosthodontic rehabilitation for patients with Down syndrome in combination with dental implant placement. An implant‐assisted removable partial dental prosthesis can be a cost‐effective treatment alternative for carefully chosen patients with Down syndrome. This article presents the treatment of a 44‐year‐old male patient with Down syndrome and a moderate intellectual disability who presented with congenital and acquired tooth loss with significant occlusal discrepancies. The treatment included a prosthodontic approach that used a single dental implant, which will be described and illustrated in this article.
Robust Mean–Variance Hedging of Longevity Risk
Authors: Li Hong , De Waegenaere Anja , Melenberg Bertrand 
Published: January 2017

AbstractParameter uncertainty and model misspecification can have a significant impact on the performance of hedging strategies for longevity risk. To mitigate this lack of robustness, we propose an approach in which the optimal hedge is determined by optimizing the worst‐case value of the objective function with respect to a set of plausible probability distributions. In the empirical analysis, we consider an insurer who hedges longevity risk using a longevity bond, and we compare the worst‐case (robust) optimal hedges with the classical optimal hedges in which parameter uncertainty and model misspecification are ignored. We find that unless the risk premium on the bond is close to zero, the robust optimal hedge is significantly less sensitive to variations in the underlying probability distribution. Moreover, the robust optimal hedge on average outperforms the nominal optimal hedge unless the probability distribution used by the nominal hedger is close to the true distribution.
Prudence and Precautionary Effort
Authors: Lee Kangoh 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIt is well known that prudence increases precautionary effort in the presence of future uncertain income. This result is intuitive, as prudent individuals take more caution to reduce the probability of accident in response to income uncertainty. However, this known result holds true only in a two‐state model with either a loss or no loss occurring. With more than two states of the world, losses of different magnitudes occur, and precautionary effort may not reduce the probabilities of all losses. The effect of income uncertainty on precautionary effort hinges on how it affects the probability distribution of losses, and prudence is neither necessary nor sufficient for more precaution. The analysis establishes an intuitive condition under which prudence increases precaution and another one under which prudence decreases it.
Development and Validation of a Diagrammatic Scale to Assess the Severity of Black Rot of Crucifers in Kale
Authors: Nuñez Andrés Maurício Pinzón , Monteiro Fernando Pereira , Pacheco Leandro Pereira , Rodríguez Gabriel Alfonso Alvarez , Nogueira Carolina Carvalho Almeida , Pinto Felipe Augusto Moretti Ferreira , de Medeiros Flávio Henrique Vasconcelos , de Souza Jorge Teodoro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a diagrammatic scale to evaluate black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. compestris) severity on kale (Brassica oleraceae var. acephala) leaves. The diagrammatic scale was developed and validated with eight levels of severity, ranging from 0.19 to 48.8%. More than 95% of the leaves collected from the field showed severity levels ranging from 0.1 to 21%, and 5% of the leaves showed severities higher than 22%. The validation of the scale was performed by 10 inexperienced evaluators, and the data were analysed with two methods: linear regression and Lin's statistics. Without the scale, most evaluators overestimated disease severity, whereas the use of the scale resulted in increased precision, accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of the estimates according to both validation methods. In conclusion, the proposed diagrammatic scale proved to be useful for assessments of black rot severity in kale leaves. The scale may be of interest to researches performing studies on epidemiology or breeding for resistance.
Improvement of a patient's circadian rhythm sleep disorders by aripiprazole was associated with stabilization of his bipolar illness
Authors: Tashiro Tetsuo 
Published: January 2017

SummarySplitting of the behavioural activity phase has been found in nocturnal rodents with suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) coupling disorder. A similar phenomenon was observed in the sleep phase in the diurnal human discussed here, suggesting that there are so‐called evening and morning oscillators in the SCN of humans. The present case suffered from bipolar disorder refractory to various treatments, and various circadian rhythm sleep disorders, such as delayed sleep phase, polyphasic sleep, separation of the sleep bout resembling splitting and circabidian rhythm (48 h), were found during prolonged depressive episodes with hypersomnia. Separation of sleep into evening and morning components and delayed sleep‐offset (24.69‐h cycle) developed when lowering and stopping the dose of aripiprazole (APZ). However, resumption of APZ improved these symptoms in 2 weeks, accompanied by improvement in the patient's depressive state. Administration of APZ may improve various circadian rhythm sleep disorders, as well as improve and prevent manic–depressive episodes, via augmentation of coupling in the SCN network.
Involvement of ralfuranones in the quorum sensing signalling pathway and virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum strain OE1‐1
Authors: Mori Yuka , Ishikawa Shiho , Ohnishi Hideyuki , Shimatani Mika , Morikawa Yukino , Hayashi Kazusa , Ohnishi Kouhei , Kiba Akinori , Kai Kenji , Hikichi Yasufumi 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe soil‐borne, plant‐pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum strain OE1‐1 produces and secretes methyl 3‐hydroxymyristate (3‐OH MAME) as a quorum sensing (QS) signal, which contributes to its virulence. A global virulence regulator, PhcA, functioning through the QS system, positively regulates the expression of ralA, which encodes furanone synthase, to produce aryl‐furanone secondary metabolites, ralfuranones. A ralfuranone‐deficient mutant (ΔralA) is weakly virulent when directly inoculated into tomato xylem vessels. To investigate the functions of ralfuranones, we analysed R. solanacearum transcriptome data generated by RNA sequencing technology. ΔralA expressed phcB, which is associated with 3‐OH MAME production, and phcA at levels similar to those in strain OE1‐1. In addition, ΔralA exhibited down‐regulated expression of more than 90% of the QS positively regulated genes, and up‐regulated expression of more than 75% of the QS negatively regulated genes. These results suggest that ralfuranones affect the QS feedback loop. Ralfuranone supplementation restored the ability of ΔralA cells to aggregate. In addition, ralfuranones A and B restored the swimming motility of ΔralA to wild‐type levels. However, the application of exogenous ralfuranones did not affect the production of the major exopolysaccharide, EPS I, in ΔralA. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assays revealed that the deletion of ralA results in the down‐regulated expression of vsrAD and vsrBC, which encode a sensor kinase and a response regulator, respectively, in the two‐component regulatory systems that influence EPS I production. The application of ralfuranone B restored the expression of these two genes. Overall, our findings indicate that integrated signalling via ralfuranones influences the QS and virulence of R. solanacearum.
Sperm dimorphism in the Triatoma brasiliensis species complex and its applications
Authors: BAFFA A. F. , CAMARA D. C. P. , SANTOS‐MALLET J. R. , DA SILVA E. R. , COSTA J. , FREITAS S. P. C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMorphological and structural features of the sperm of the Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, 1911 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) species complex were examined in this first study investigating the sperm of Heteroptera and the genus Triatoma. Males were dissected and their seminal vesicles removed. For measurement, seminal vesicles were squashed on glass slides, spread, fixed and observed under a photomicroscope. The images were analysed and measures of sperm were made. Data were analysed using one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's test to detect differentiation among taxa. Furthermore, seminal vesicles were prepared for studies of transmission electron microscopy. All taxa studied showed polymorphic (short and long) sperm. The sperm of Triatoma brasiliensis macromelasoma was significantly longer (in total length) than that of the other four members of the complex, which supports the hypothesis of hybrid speciation of this member of the complex as an increase in the size of typical hybrids under heterosis was previously shown. The sperm cells of the five taxa have similar ultrastructural morphology. The ultrastructural features observed confirm the hypothesis, raised by previous studies, that they are synapomorphic to the suborder Heteroptera.