bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestational weight gain and preterm birth in obese women: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Faucher MA , Hastings‐Tolsma M , Song JJ , Willoughby DS , Bader S Gerding 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundPrepregnant obesity is a global concern and gestational weight gain has been found to influence the risks of preterm birth.ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between gestational weight gain and risk for preterm birth in obese women.Search strategyFour electronic databases were searched from 18 February through to 28 April 2015.Selection criteriaPrimary research reporting preterm birth as an outcome in obese women and gestational weight gain as a variable that could be compared to the 2009 Institute of Medicine's recommendations.Data collection and analysisTwo reviewers independently assessed trials for inclusion. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess study bias.Main resultsOur search identified six studies meeting the inclusion criteria; five were conducted in the USA and one in Peru. Four studies with a total of 10 171 obese women were meta‐analysed. Significant heterogeneity was found between studies in the pooled analysis. Results for indicated preterm birth in obese women with gestational weight gain above the Institute of Medicine's recommendations showed increased risk (adjusted odds ratio 1.54; 95% CI 1.09–2.16).ConclusionsAvailable science on this topic is limited to special populations of obese pregnant women. Generalisable research is needed to assess the variation in risk for preterm birth in obese women by differences in gestational weight gain and class of obesity controlling for significant variables in the pathway to preterm birth. This research has the potential to illuminate new science impacting preterm birth and interventions for prevention.Tweetable abstractA meta‐analysis of gestational weight gain in obese women and preterm birth.
Superfertility is more prevalent in obese women with recurrent early pregnancy miscarriage
Authors: Bhandari HM , Tan BK , Quenby S 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of obesity on superfertility.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingA tertiary referral implantation clinic.PopulationFour hundred and fourteen women attending a tertiary implantation clinic with a history of recurrent miscarriage (RMC), over a 4‐year period.MethodsPattern of pregnancy loss and time to pregnancy intervals for each pregnancy were collected by medical staff from women with RMC. The women were categorised into normal, overweight and obese according to their body mass index (BMI). Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed estimating the cumulative probability of a spontaneous pregnancy over time. The pregnancy loss patterns were correlated with BMI and data were compared between the categories using the Kruskal–Wallis test.Main outcome measuresPregnancy loss pattern and time to pregnancy intervals.ResultsOverall, 23.2, 51.4 and 64.2% of women conceived within first 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. Obese women had cumulative pregnancy rates of 65.2 and 80% by three and 6 months, respectively, which was more than the cumulative pregnancy rates for women with normal BMI (49.2 and 65.8%). Comparison of survival curves indicated a significant difference in time to conceive for obese when compared with normal and overweight women (*P = 0.01), suggesting a higher prevalence of superfertility in obese women with RMC.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that obese women may have a greater efficacy to achieve pregnancy, but with an increased risk of miscarriage, which may suggest the possible metabolic effects of obesity on endometrium.Tweetable abstractA significantly higher prevalence of superfertility may be found in obese women with recurrent miscarriage.
Electroantennogram and behavioral responses of Cotesia plutellae to plant volatiles
Authors: Yang Guang , Zhang You‐Nan , Gurr Geoff M. , Vasseur Liette , You Min‐Sheng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPlant volatiles have been demonstrated to play an important role in regulating the behavior of Cotesia plutellae, a major larval parasitoid of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, but little is currently known about the function of each volatile and their mixtures. We selected 13 volatiles of the DBM host plant, a cruciferous vegetable, to study the electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral responses of C. plutellae. EAG responses to each of the compounds generally increased with concentration. Strong EAG responses were to 100 μL/mL of trans‐2‐hexenal, benzaldehyde, nonanal and cis‐3‐hexenol, and 10 μL/mL of trans‐2‐hexenal and benzaldehyde with the strongest response provoked by trans‐2‐hexenal at 100 μL/mL. In the Y‐tube olfactometer, C. plutellae, was significantly attracted by 1 μL/mL of trans‐2‐hexenal and benzaldehyde. β‐caryophyllene, cis‐3‐hexenol or trans‐2‐hexenal significantly attracted C. plutellae at 10 μL/mL, while nonanal, benzyl alcohol, cis‐3‐hexenol or benzyl cyanide at 100 μL/mL significantly attracted C. plutellae. Trans‐2‐hexenal significantly repelled C. plutellae at 100 μL/mL. EAG of C. plutellae showed strong responses to all mixtures made of five various compounds with mixtures 3 (trans‐2‐hexenal, benzaldehyde, nonanal, cis‐3‐hexenol, benzyl cyanide, farnesene, eucalyptol) and 4 (trans‐2‐hexenal, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, (R)‐(+)‐limonene, β‐ionone, farnesene, eucalyptol) significantly attracting C. plutellae. These findings demonstrate that the behavior of C. plutellae can be affected either by individual compounds or mixtures of plant volatiles, suggesting a potential of using plant volatiles to improve the efficiency of this parasitoid for biocontrol of P. xylostella.
Impacts of 2 species of predatory Reduviidae on bagworms in oil palm plantations
Authors: Jamian Syari , Norhisham Ahmad , Ghazali Amal , Zakaria Azlina , Azhar Badrul 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntegrated pest management (IPM) is widely practiced in commercial oil palm agriculture. This management system is intended to minimize the number of attacks by pest insects such as bagworms on crops, as well as curb economic loss with less dependency on chemical pesticides. One practice in IPM is the use of biological control agents such as predatory insects. In this study, we assessed the response of predatory natural enemies to pest outbreak and water stress, and document the habitat associations of potential pest predators. The abundances of 2 predatory insect species, namely Sycanus dichotomus and Cosmolestes picticeps (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), were compared bagworm outbreak sites and nonoutbreak sites within oil palm plantations. We also examined habitat characteristics that influence the abundances of both predatory species. We found that the abundance of C. picticeps was significantly higher in bagworm outbreak sites than in nonoutbreak sites. There were no significant differences in the abundance of S. dichotomus among outbreak and non‐outbreak sites. Both species responded negatively to water stress in oil palm plantations. Concerning the relationship between predatory insect abundance and in situ habitat quality characteristics, our models explained 46.36% of variation for C. picticeps and 23.17% of variation for S. dichotomus. Both species of predatory insects thrived from the planting of multiple beneficial plants in oil palm plantations. The results suggest that C. picticeps can be used as a biological agent to control bagworm populations in oil palm plantations, but S. dichotomus has no or little potential for such ecosystem service.
The strict anaerobic gut microbe Eubacterium hallii transforms the carcinogenic dietary heterocyclic amine 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP)
Authors: Fekry Mostafa I. , Engels Christina , Zhang Jianbo , Schwab Clarissa , Lacroix Christophe , Sturla Shana J. , Chassard Christophe 
Published: December 2015

Summary2‐Amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo(4,5‐b)pyridine (PhIP) is the most abundant food‐derived heterocyclic aromatic amine in well‐cooked meats and may contribute to the recognized carcinogenicity of processed meats. In this study, a panel of human gut microbes was tested for their ability to convert PhIP to a conjugate PhIP‐M1. Eubacterium hallii was newly identified to catalyse the conversion of PhIP to PhIP‐M1 with high efficiency. The reaction was shown to involve the metabolism of glycerol to 3‐hydroxypropionaldehyde as a key pathway. The proficiency of E. hallii in transforming PhIP in the presence of a complex intestinal microbiota was confirmed using batch fermentations inoculated with effluents from a continuous intestinal fermentation model mimicking human proximal and distal colon microbiota. In batch fermentations inoculated with proximal colon microbiota, PhIP‐M1 transformation corresponded to an up to 300‐fold increase of E. hallii. In contrast, PhIP transformation of distal colon microbiota was low but increased by 120‐fold after supplementation with E. hallii. These findings indicate for the first time the relevance of the abundant commensal strict anaerobe E. hallii in the transformation of a dietary carcinogen that could contribute to its detoxification in the human colon.
Novel species and expanded distribution of ellipsoidal multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes
Authors: Chen Yi‐ran , Zhang Wen‐yan , Zhou Ke , Pan Hong‐miao , Du Hai‐jian , Xu Cong , Xu Jian‐hong , Pradel Nathalie , Santini Claire‐Lise , Li Jin‐hua , Huang Hui , Pan Yong‐xin , Xiao Tian , Wu Long‐Fei 
Published: December 2015

SummaryMulticellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) are a peculiar group of magnetotactic bacteria, each comprising approximately 10–100 cells of the same phylotype. Two morphotypes of MMP have been identified, including several species of globally distributed spherical mulberry‐like MMPs (s‐MMPs), and two species of ellipsoidal pineapple‐like MMPs (e‐MMPs) from China (Qingdao and Rongcheng cities). We recently collected e‐MMPs from Mediterranean Sea sediments (Six‐Fours‐les‐Plages) and Drummond Island, in the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the MMPs from Six‐Fours‐les‐Plages and the previously reported e‐MMP Candidatus Magnetananas rongchenensis have 98.5% sequence identity and are the same species, while the MMPs from Drummond Island appear to be a novel species, having > 7.1% sequence divergence from the most closely related e‐MMP, Candidatus Magnetananas tsingtaoensis. Identification of the novel species expands the distribution of e‐MMPs to Tropical Zone. Comparison of nine physical and chemical parameters revealed that sand grain size and the content of inorganic nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium and nitrite) in the sediments from Rongcheng City and Six‐Fours‐les‐Plages were similar, and lower than found for sediments from the other two sampling sites. The results of the study reveal broad diversity and wide distribution of e‐MMPs.
Effects and mechanisms of prolongevity induced by Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Nakagawa Hisako , Shiozaki Takuya , Kobatake Eiji , Hosoya Tomohiro , Moriya Tomohiro , Sakai Fumihiko , Taru Hidenori , Miyazaki Tadaaki 
Published: December 2015

SummaryLactic‐acid bacteria are widely recognized beneficial host associated groups of the microbiota of humans and animals. Some lactic‐acid bacteria have the ability to extend the lifespan of the model animals. The mechanisms behind the probiotic effects of bacteria are not entirely understood. Recently, we reported the benefit effects of Lactobacillus gasseriSBT2055 (LG2055) on animal and human health, such as preventing influenza A virus, and augmentation of IgA production. Therefore, it was preconceived that LG2055 has the beneficial effects on longevity and/or aging. We examined the effects of LG2055 on lifespan and aging of Caenorhabditis elegans and analyzed the mechanism of prolongevity. Our results demonstrated that LG2055 has the beneficial effects on longevity and anti‐aging of C. elegans. Feeding with LG2055 upregulated the expression of the skn‐1 gene and the target genes of SKN‐1, encoding the antioxidant proteins enhancing antioxidant defense responses. We found that feeding with LG2055 directly activated SKN‐1 activity via p38 MAPK pathway signaling. The oxidative stress response is elicited by mitochondrial dysfunction in aging, and we examined the influence of LG2055 feeding on the membrane potential of mitochondria. Here, the amounts of mitochondria were significantly increased by LG2055 feeding in comparison with the control. Our result suggests that feeding with LG2055 is effective to the extend lifespan in C. elegans by a strengthening of the resistance to oxidative stress and by stimulating the innate immune response signaling including p38MAPK signaling pathway and others.
The Effect of Emergency Medicine Residents on Clinical Efficiency and Staffing Requirements
Authors: Clinkscales Jeffrey D. , Fesmire Francis M. , Hennings Jacob R. , Severance Harry W. , Seaberg David C. , Patil Nirav 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe effect of emergency medicine (EM) residents on the clinical efficiency of attending physicians is controversial. The authors hypothesized that implementing a new EM residency program would result in an increase in relative value units (RVUs) generated per hour by attending physicians and decrease staffing requirements.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational analysis of an emergency department before, during, and after the establishment of a new EM residency program. We analyzed the change in RVUs billed, patients seen, and hours worked by attending physicians, midlevel providers (MLPs), and residents, and addressed potential confounding factors.ResultsThe clinical efficiency of attending physicians increased by 70%, or 4.98 RVUs/hour (from 7.12 [SD ± 1.4] RVUs/hour to 12.1 [SD ± 2.2] RVUs/hour, p < 0.001) with the implementation of an EM residency program. Overall, net department RVU generation rose by 32%, even as attending physician coverage decreased by 6.3% (p < 0.05), and MLP coverage dropped by 60% (p < 0.05). We estimated that the implementation of the residency saved 4,860 hours of attending physician coverage and 5,828 hours of MLP coverage per year. This represents an estimated $1,741,265 in annual staffing savings, comparable to the residency program's annual operating cost of $1,821,108.ConclusionsThe implementation of an EM residency program had a positive effect on the clinical efficiency of attending physicians and decreased staffing requirements.
Childhood maltreatment, personality disorders and 3‐year persistence of adult alcohol and nicotine dependence in a national sample
Authors: Elliott Jennifer C. , Stohl Malka , Wall Melanie M. , Keyes Katherine M. , Skodol Andrew E. , Eaton Nicholas R. , Shmulewitz Dvora , Goodwin Renee D. , Grant Bridget F. , Hasin Deborah S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsPersistent cases of alcohol and nicotine dependence are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, and are predicted by childhood maltreatment and personality disorders. Our aim was to test whether personality disorders (individually or conjointly) mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the persistence of dependence.DesignPersonality disorders, modeled dimensionally, were tested as mediators of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the 3‐year persistence of alcohol and nicotine dependence in participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) who had current alcohol and nicotine dependence in their baseline interview. Individual personality disorders were assessed in separate models. Then, those that were significant were examined jointly in multiple mediator models to determine their total and unique effects.SettingA large, nationally representative US survey.ParticipantsParticipants ≥ 18 years who completed baseline and 3‐year follow‐up NESARC interviews who had baseline alcohol dependence (n = 1172; 68% male) or nicotine dependence (n = 4017; 52.9% male).MeasurementsAlcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS‐IV) measures of childhood maltreatment, personality disorders and alcohol/nicotine dependence.FindingsIndividual models indicated that many personality disorders mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the 3‐year persistence of alcohol and nicotine dependence (each explaining 6–46% of the total effect, Ps < 0.05). In multiple mediator models, borderline and antisocial symptoms remained significant mediators, each explaining 20–37% of the total effect (Ps < 0.01).ConclusionsPersonality disorder symptoms (especially borderline and antisocial) help explain the association between childhood maltreatment and persistent alcohol and nicotine dependence.
Testis peritubular myoid cells increase their motility and express matrix‐metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) after interaction with embryonal carcinoma cells
Authors: Moreno‐Ruiz P. , Arluzea J. , Silván U. , Díez‐Torre A. , Andrade R. , Bonilla Z. , Díaz‐Núñez M. , Silió M. , Aréchaga J. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryToday cancer research studies have highlighted the role of the cancer–stroma interaction in the regulation of invasive processes. However, very little is known about cell‐to‐cell relationships between germinal cancer cells and the somatic ones belong to their close environment, particularly at early invasion stages. Here, we have studied the potential role of the seminiferous peritubular myoid cells (PTCs), as potential part of the reactive stroma, like tumor myofibroblast, in the progression of embryonal carcinoma (EC). To this end, we show results on the in vitro interactions between F9 murine embryonal carcinoma cells (EC cells) and primary cultures of murine PTCs, using contact‐dependent and contact‐independent 2D co‐cultures. In these circumstances, when EC cells interact with PTCs they change their migratory behavior and matrix‐metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) was up‐regulated in PTCs. Additionally, among a variety of cytokines implicated in tumor‐stroma cross‐talk, we have examined in more detail the influence of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). In this regard, it was observed that this cytokine induced a MMP‐9 secretion by PTCs in a pattern dependent on its concentration, whereas does not increase the migration capacity of cancer cells. All together, our results provide evidence for a role played by peritubular myoid cells and cancer‐cell secreted TNF‐ α for a change in the tumor microenvironment during the early stages of EC progression.
Easy method for fixation of the anvil using a one‐handed sliding‐knot technique after laparoscopic total gastrectomy
Authors: Yamada Takanobu , Shirai Junya , Osaragi Tomohiko , Sujishi Ken , Kumazu Yuta , Kamiya Mariko , Sugano Nobuhiro , Hatori Shinsuke , Yoneyama Katsuya , Kasahara Akio , Oshima Takashi , Yukawa Norio , Rino Yasushi , Yoshikawa Takaki , Masuda Munetaka , Yamamoto Yuji 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionWhen esophagojejunostomy is performed using a circular stapler after laparoscopic total gastrectomy, fixing the anvil to the end of the esophagus is challenging. We describe an easy method for fixation of the anvil using a one‐handed sliding‐knot technique after the anvil has been inserted into the esophagus.Materials and Surgical TechniqueAfter removing the stomach, the main operator makes a whip stitch at the end of the esophagus using a long piece of monofilament string. Both ends of the string are pulled out from the port. A knot is then made and brought close the esophagus twice (sliding granny knots). After inserting the anvil into the esophagus, the main operator pulls the main standing string with one hand, applying vibration only. This causes the knots to tighten the anvil. Then, one or two knots are added to make sure that the anvil is firmly fixed in place. In addition, we routinely add one more ligation with a ready‐made ligating loop.DiscussionThis method is easy and reliable, and does not require special devices or skills when performing reconstruction after laparoscopic total gastrectomy. Because of these factors, it has the potential to be widely used to perform esophagojejunostomy.
Successful laparoscopic extirpation of a large omental lipoblastoma in a child
Authors: Furukawa Taizo , Aoi Shigeyoshi , Sakai Kohei , Higashi Mayumi , Fumino Shigehisa , Tajiri Tatsuro 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOmental lipoblastoma is extremely rare among benign tumors. We herein report the case of a child who underwent laparoscopic extirpation of a large omental lipoblastoma. A 4‐year‐old girl was diagnosed with an intra‐abdominal solid tumor. Abdominal imaging revealed a fat density mass that was well encapsulated and measured 18 × 15 × 7.5 cm in size. Considering the MRI findings and movability of the tumor, we strongly suspected that the lesion was an omental lipoblastoma. We initially decided to perform laparoscopic exploration and, if possible, extirpation of the solid tumor sequentially. A total of five trocars were used, and the tumor was found to originate from the omentum. We successfully performed complete resection of the tumor laparoscopically. A histological examination revealed lipoblastoma. For large abdominal tumors in children, the laparoscopic approach is recommended as the first procedure when the tumor is preoperatively considered to be benign and resectable.
Teaching presence in computer conferencing learning environments: Effects on interaction, cognition and learning uptake
Authors: Zhao Huahui , Sullivan Kirk P.H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis exploratory study examined how the level and nature of teaching presence impacted two online forum discussions from three dimensions: participation and interaction, cognitive presence, and knowledge development via assimilating peer messages. Effects on participation and interaction were graphically depicted. Effects on cognitive presence and knowledge construction via assimilating messages were suggested via statistical analysis, followed by qualitative interpretations. Twenty‐six tertiary online learners with varied demographic backgrounds participated in the study for 6 weeks.The results showed that the nature of teaching presence in the study, specified to teacher initiation, roles of teaching presence and means of making teaching presence, largely shaped the impact of teaching presence on learning. A higher level of teaching presence was observed to be associated with a lower level of student participation, peer interaction, cognitive presence and learning uptake. Based on the results, implications for integrating and researching teaching presence in computer conferences were provided.