bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the bladder as a cause of spontaneous bladder rupture : a case report
Authors: TARIQI REDA , Abidi Hamza El , Boujida Ismail , darqaoui Sabrine , Boualaoui Imad , Ibrahimi Ahmed , Sayegh Hachem El , Nouini Yassine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Spontaneous bladder rupture is a rare condition typically presenting with abdominal pain and peritonitis. Although bladder malignancies seldom cause spontaneous perforation, when they do, the condition carries a high mortality rate due to delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis.
Case presentation: A 69-year-old woman with a history of subtotal hysterectomy presented with acute abdominal pain and recurrent haematuria. Imaging showed a bladder rupture. Extensive bladder necrosis and multiple perforations were found during surgery, necessitating cystectomy. Histopathology confirmed infiltrating keratinising squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Her condition deteriorated postoperatively, and she died four months later.
Conclusions: This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of spontaneous bladder rupture in SCC, the aggressive nature of the malignancies causing spontaneous bladder rupture, and the need for high clinical suspicion and timely intervention.
Population pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in patients with early neonatal pneumonia
Authors: Ren Meijuan , Feng Kun , Yu Mingming , Yan eixing , Liu Xiuxiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of cefotaxime for early neonatal pneumonia patients (postnatal age ≤ 7 days) and optimize dosage regimens to guide personalized treatment.
Methods: Opportunistic blood sampling was utilized to collect samples from newborns. The model was developed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling software, enabling the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters and the completion of dose simulations for practical application.
Results: A total of 51 newborns were included, and 94 blood samples of cefotaxime were collected, with the concentration ranging from 6.9 to 383.2 μg/ml. The findings indicated that a two-compartment model was most appropriate for describing the pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in this population. Covariate analysis revealed significant influences of current body weight and age on the pharmacokinetic parameters. The median (range) weight-normalized clearance of cefotaxime was 0.08 (0.04-0.15) L/h/kg, and the median (range) values for the central and peripheral compartment volumes were 0.13 (0.10-0.16) L/kg and 0.19 (0.16-0.24) L/kg, respectively. Monte Carlo simulation results indicated that for these neonates, when the MIC was 2 μg/mL, the original dosing regimen (50.0 mg/kg, every 12 hours) achieved 100% fT>MIC in over 90% of the neonates. Moreover, for neonates weighing ≤ 2.5 kg, reducing the dose to 25.0 mg/kg still met the target.
Conclusion: The population pharmacokinetic model developed in this study provides valuable insights for the management of cefotaxime in neonates with pneumonia. This study supports the necessity of weight based personalized dosing regimens to achieve optimal treatment levels.
Orelabrutinib, Rituximab, Temozolomide and High-Dose Methotrexate (RMOT) in Newly Diagnosed Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL): A Single-center Retrospective Analysis.
Authors: Zhang Peng , Nie Man , Zhuang Dongyu , Chen Tao , Huang Silan , Lei Dexin , Wang Yanlou , Cai Qingqing , Xia Yi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Orelabrutinib, a highly selective BTK inhibitor, has demonstrated promising clinical effectiveness in patients with relapsed and refractory PCNSL. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of orelabrutinib, rituximab, temozolomide and high-dose methotrexate (RMOT) regimen in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL.
Method
Patients diagnosed with PCNSL were included in this retrospective study. All patients received at least 4 cycles of RMOT regimen (rituximab 375 mg/m2 iv day 1; MTX 3.5 g/m2 iv day 2; temozolomide 150 mg/m2 po day 1 to day 5; orelabrutinib 150 mg qd po; 4 weeks per cycle), and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) or whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) was used as consolidation therapy. All patients were proposed to receive orelabrutinib as maintenance therapy for a maxium duration of 2 years.
Results
16 treatment-naive PCNSL patients were treated with RMOT regimen. The CRR and ORR were 87.5% and 93.75%, respectively. The median follow-up time was 18.7 months. The median PFS and OS was not achieved. The 1-year PFS and OS rates both reached 90%. The most common adverse reaction was anemia, most adverse reactions were grade 1–2, and only 1 patient (6.25%) occurred grade 3 adverse reactions.
Conclusion
This retrospective data suggested that RMOT had an encouraging anti-tumor activity in newly diagnosed PCNSL patients, with a toleratable safety profile. Further perspective studies are warranted to validate its effectiveness in untreated PCNSL.
Efficacy and safety of bronchial arterial chemoembolization in combination with tislelizumab for non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II study
Authors: Liang Chao , Han Daqian , Li Hao , Wang Manzhou , Kuang Donglin , Chen Pengfei , Lu Huibin , Jiao Pengfei , Ren Jianzhuang , Han Xinwei , Li Fang , Duan Xuhua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of bronchial arterial chemoembolization (BACE) combined with tislelizumab for stage III-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In a single-arm, phase II study (NCT05058560), stage III-IV NSCLC patients who refused or were ineligible to receive standard treatments were enrolled. Patients received BACE followed by 200 mg tislelizumab every 3 weeks until disease progression, intolerable toxicities, or discontinuation determined by the investigators. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), safety, and quality of life (QoL). Thirty patients (median age, 67 years, 24 male) were enrolled in this study between December 2021 and August 2022. The median follow-up was 23 (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.5-24.5) months. At the data cutoff (March 1, 2024), the median PFS was 10.5 (95%CI, 7.8-13.2) months and the median OS was 15.0 (95%CI, 8.2-21.8) months. Of the 30 patients, 1 patient (3.3%) achieved complete response (CR).17 patients (56.7%) showed partial response (PR), 6 (20.0%) had stable disease (SD), and 6 patients (20.0%) had progressive disease (PD). The ORR was 60.0% (18 of 30 patients) and the DCR was 80.0% (24 of 30patients). The expression rate of PD-L1, tumor feeding arteries and previous treatment history were prognostic factors for PFS and OS. No grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred. Common grade 2 TRAEs were nausea, fever, and cough. QoL improved significantly after 1 cycle of treatment compared with baseline, including global quality of life, physical functioning, and emotional functioning. In conclusion, BACE with tislelizumab is a safe, feasible and efective palliative treatment option for stage III-IV NSCLC patients.
Modified TPPA Combined with Western Blotting Facilitates Syphilis Diagnosis in Isolated Reactive Treponemal Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Sera: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Luo Xia , Xiao Hua , Lu Yanfang , Gu Weiming , Sun Ziyong , Peng Jing , Cheng Liming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The challenge of dealing with isolated reactive treponemal chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA) results in clinical practice has prompted the development of a more efficient algorithm for distinguishing true infection from false reactivity in isolated CIA sera.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted at Wuhan Tongji Hospital, involving 119,002 individuals screened for syphilis using CIA from January 1, 2015, to January 6, 2017. Samples with reactive CIA results underwent simultaneous testing with the T. pallidum passive particle agglutination assay (TPPA) and the rapid plasma reagin test (RPR). Additionally, a subgroup of 189 individuals with differing TPPA statuses was selected for further analysis using western blotting (WB) and a modified TPPA assay (titer, 1:20). To identify the optimal serological approach for distinguishing true from false reactivity in sera with isolated reactive CIAs (CIA+TPP−RPR−), two distinct algorithms were developed and evaluated. The first algorithm involved reflexively testing CIA+TPPA−RPR− sera with the modified TPPA, followed by WB if nonreactive. The second algorithm began with WB, followed by the modified TPPA if nonreactive or indeterminate.
Results
WB demonstrated lower sensitivity compared to TPPA, but it identified six additional syphilis cases among the 89 CIA+TPPA− samples. Both WB and modified TPPA exhibited a specificity of 100%. The two supplementary confirmatory algorithms detected 12 additional syphilis cases, with the first algorithm being more cost-effective and labor-saving.
Conclusion
A combination of WB and modified TPPA (titer, 1:20) can serve as a reliable algorithm for distinguishing true syphilis infection from false reactive signals in isolated reactive CIA sera.
Clinical trial number:
not applicable
GNE-317 suppresses the progression of ovarian cancer by inducing ferroptosis through targeting GPX4
Authors: Nie Lekai , Zhang Peihai , Liu Xiaoning , Cheng Lei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Ovarian cancer ranks among prevalent malignancies affecting the female reproductive system with an escalating incidence of drug resistance necessitating intensified efforts in drug discovery research for enhanced patient outcomes. Through rigorous screening within a small molecule compound library, we have pinpointed compound GNE-317 as a robust dual inhibitor targeting PI3K-mTOR via anticancer metabolic library screening methods. Our findings demonstrate that GNE-317 efficaciously impedes ovarian cancer cell proliferation while augmenting cellular demise relative to control groups. Notably, ferroptosis inhibitors exhibit potential in reversing GNE-317-induced cell death without impacting apoptosis or necrosis pathways. Further studies revealed that GNE-317 promoted the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Mechanistically, GNE-317 directly binds to the GPX4, and the GNE-317-mediated increase in lipid ROS and MDA in OC were significantly reversed after GPX4 overexpression in ovarian cancer cells. Thus, GNE-317 can effectively inhibit ovarian cancer development, which may be achieved by increasing GPX4-mediated ferroptosis. These results suggest that GNE-317 has the potential to be a potential drug for targeted treatment of ovarian cancer.
Indoor Radon Exposure and Health Risks in a Community Proximal to Gold Mine Tailings in Gauteng Province, South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mphaga Khathutshelo Vincent , Utembe Wells , Mbonane Thokozani P. , Rathebe Phoka C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Exposure to indoor radon presents a significant risk for lung cancer and is also suspected to be associated with other health issues such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and leukemia. This study examined the association between indoor radon exposure and self-reported cases of lung cancer, COPD, and leukemia among individuals living in close proximity to gold mine tailings, a known source of high radon levels. A cross-sectional study was carried out among residents living near or further away from gold mine tailings in Gauteng, South Africa. A total of 331 residents took part in an interviewer-administered questionnaire survey on socio-demographic characteristics, smoking habits, occupational exposures, adverse health problems, and other factors related to lung cancer, COPD, and leukemia. Subsequently, their homes were tested for indoor radon concentration on the lowest livable floor over a two-hour period from June to July 2023 using AlphaE radon monitors. Logistic regression was employed to calculate odds ratios (OR) for lung cancer, COPD, and leukemia based on indoor radon exposure, dwelling location, smoking habits, and occasional exposures. The study found significantly higher indoor radon levels in the exposed group (103.30 ± 94.91 Bq/m³) compared to the control group (65.19 ± 47.83 Bq/m³). The results indicated an association between lung cancer and residing near gold mine tailings, while indoor radon exposure was linked to leukemia. However, no association was found between indoor radon exposure and COPD. In regions impacted by gold mine tailings, it is crucial to implement efficient indoor radon mitigation measures and promote public consciousness about the health hazards linked to indoor radon exposure. There is a need to motivate affected residents to adopt proactive steps to lower indoor radon concentrations, including enhancing ventilation practices.
The Relationship between Psychological Resilience and Learning Engagement of College Students: Moderated Mediation Effects of Upward Social Comparison and Shame
Authors: Li Peng , Jiang Jiali , Han Meiling , Fu Shuying , Bai Xuejun , Wang Xiaozhe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and aims: learning engagement is an important indicator for assessing students' development and evaluating the quality of school education. How to improve students' learning engagement has attracted widespread attention. Based on the perspective of positive psychology, this study explores the mechanism of student's positive psychological resource (psychology resilience) on learning engagement, while also considering the inevitable effects of social comparison and emotions among students.
Method: In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 1784 college student in Tianjin. Participants completed the psychological resilience questionnaire, shame scale, learning engagement scale and upward social comparison scale.
Results: These results showed that psychological resilience predicted learning engagement not only directly but also indirectly via shame. Shame played a partial mediating role between psychological resilience and learning engagement. Additionally, upward social comparison moderated the process of psychological resilience predicting sham.
Conclusion: Shame and upward social comparison may serve as important variables in the relationship between psychological resilience and learning engagement. These findings provide a new perspective for interventions of students' learning engagement. In the future, educators can further improve students' academic performance and mental health by strengthening their psychological resilience and guiding them to effectively cope with the pressure of social comparison.
Marketing for Sensa: A novel “zero nicotine vapor product” from a major tobacco company
Authors: Robichaud Meagan O. , Talbot Eugene M. , Ganz Ollie , Mercincavage Melissa , Erythropel Hanno C. , Zimmerman Julie B. , Jabba Sairam V. , Jordt Sven E. , Delnevo Cristine D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

On July 1, 2024, RJ Reynolds Vapor Company (RJRVC) introduced Sensa, the first disposable "zero nicotine vapor product" from a major tobacco company. Sensa sold more than 100,000 units as of September 10, 2024 and has been marketed through several channels. Direct-mail and magazine ads appeal to consumers’ senses (e.g., “awaken your senses”) and showcase Sensa’s six flavor options: Berry Fusion, Berry Watermelon Fusion, Blueberry Frost, Mint Frost, Passionfruit Frost, and Watermelon Frost. Our chemical characterization of all Sensa flavors (except Berry Watermelon Fusion) found neotame (a potent artificial sweetener) and WS-23 (a synthetic coolant) in all samples, while all “Frost” flavors tested contained another synthetic coolant, WS-3. Although RJRVC states that Sensa is for “adult tobacco and vapor consumers,” Sensa’s resemblance to popular disposable vaping devices and youth-appealing flavors raise concerns about Sensa’s appeal to young people, and limited regulations for “zero nicotine” products introduce uncertainty about product safety.
Abiotic environments can modify the penetrance of a transgene-based lethality system for genetic biocontrol of insect populations
Authors: Perez-Galvez Fernan R. , Handler Alfred M. , Hahn Daniel A. , Bredlau Justin P. , Teets Nicholas M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Genetic biocontrol approaches to insect pest management offer high species specificity and reduce insecticidal chemical pollution, but these approaches require the release of genetically modified organisms that must perform across a variety of environmental conditions. Because organisms often display phenotypic and gene expression variability when exposed to different environments, it is reasonable to expect that transgenic systems may be prone to environmentally mediated variation in expression and function. In this study, we examined the influence of two abiotic variables, temperature and nutrition, on the penetrance of an early embryonic Tet-off conditional lethality system in the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster. We manipulated parental and offspring environments independently to determine the impact of life stage of exposure on transgene performance by estimating the probability of larval hatching and measuring transcript abundance of the transgenic system components. Our findings revealed that: 1) transgene performance has distinct norms of reaction to temperature and nutrition, 2) the effects of abiotic challenge are greatest when exposure occurs in the embryos expressing the transgene compared to parental exposure, and 3) stress exposures at the extreme limits of permissible conditions can dramatically decrease the penetrance of transgenic lethality. While variation in transcript abundance of the transgenic system was observed in some environments, these changes were not fully congruent with patterns of phenotypic penetrance, suggesting that the observed variation in lethality is likely driven by processes downstream of transcription.
Context induces distortions in the memory representations of values: a test across multiple elicitation methods, learning modalities and architectures
Authors: Palminteri Stefano , Garcia Basile , Sukoupova Magdalena 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

It has been well established that, in the context of value-based learning and decision making, the way in which options are paired together (i.e., the learning architecture) significantly affects their subjective values as inferred from observed choices. An important open question concerns whether similar distortions would appear if subjective values are assessed in a declarative manner. Across seven experiments, we showed that participants do not remember the objective values of options but rather their systematically biased version which is affected by the context-specific ranking of the option during the learning phase. These results were robust across radically different value elicitation methods (choice-based and declarative) and decision modalities (experience-based or description-based). Furthermore, we show that presenting the options in different configurations during the learning phase affect their subsequent subjective values. By doing so, we illustrate how principles of context dependence may be employed to design learning environments that enhance value maximization in human decision-making.
Alterations of brain activity in right brainstem and right entorhinal cortex mediated anti-depressant effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in functional dyspepsia rats: a resting-state fMRI study
Authors: Feng Bowen , Li Shaoyuan , Zou Ningyi , Han Juan , Wang Yu , Chen Jiande D. Z. , Wei Wei , Rong Peijing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is often accompanied by depression. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been shown beneficial to FD. However, the effect of taVNS on depression is associated with FD and its central mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigated depression-like behavioral changes and cerebral alterations of brain activity of taVNS in a rodent model of FD.
Methods: Neonatal SD rats were gavaged with iodoacetamide (IA) to induce a FD model. Twenty-one SD rats were randomly divided into control, IA, and taVNS groups (each, n=7). taVNS was performed for 30 minutes once daily for 14 days consecutively. The open field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST) were conducted to assess depression-like behaviors. The low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were assessed from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to evaluated the changes of spontaneous neural activity and local neural coordination of FD rats with depression-like behaviors.. Correlations between differential ALFF and ReHo values and depression-like behaviors were analyzed to ascertain taVNS-related central changes.
Results: Compared with the control group, the horizontal and vertical scores of OFT were decreased, and the immobility time of FST was increased in the IA group. The ALFF values of the right brainstem were increased in the IA group. The ALFF values of the left molecular laye of the cerebellum and the ReHo values of the right entorhinal cortex were decreased in the IA group. taVNS increased the horizontal and vertical scores of OFT and reduced the immobility time of FST. After taVNS intervention, the ALFF and ReHo values of the right brainstem decreased. The ALFF values of the left molecular layer of the cerebellum and the ReHo values of the right entorhinal cortex were increased. The horizontal score of OFT was negatively correlated with the ALFF of right brainstem. The vertical score of OFT and immobility time of FST negatively correlated with ReHo values of the entorhinal cortex.
Conclusion: taVNS alleviates depression state in the rodent model of FD possibly mediated by the enhancement of local neural coordination in the right entorhinal cortex and suppression of spontaneous neural activity in right brainstem. taVNS may have a therapeutic potential for depression in FD patients.
Hybrid Proxy Model for Extrapolating Cumulative Oil Production with Different Locations: Polynomial-Fast Marching Method
Authors: Rajaa Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Well-placement optimization is a complex problem critical for maximizing hydrocarbon recovery while minimizing operational costs. The traditional methods that are used for evaluation have drawbacks such as full-physics simulation while accurate is computationally expensive, reduced-physics proxy models are less accurate, deep learning as a proxy model needs many run simulations, and Tree-based machine learning models like Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), although efficient, struggle with extrapolation, limiting their utility in scenarios where predictions extend beyond training data. To address these limitations, we apply a new hybrid approach that combines the Fast Marching Method (FMM) and Polynomial-XGBoost (linear-based) to enhance the extrapolation capabilities as an evaluation tool for well placement problems. Our approach incorporates polynomial features to capture non-linear relationships between reservoir properties (e.g., permeability, porosity) and cumulative oil production. We evaluated our approach using the SPE10 model, focusing on both interpolation and extrapolation datasets. Cross-validation results demonstrate that the proposed model significantly outperforms traditional XGBoost, achieving an average R² of 94% compared to 88% for XGBoost in interpolation scenarios. In extrapolation tests, our model showed an average R² of 83.9%, well above XGBoost's 56.3%, highlighting its superior ability to predict well performance beyond the training data range. This study shows that the integration of FMM and Polynomial-XGBoost offers a more reliable and computationally efficient alternative to existing proxy models, particularly in complex reservoirs. Our hybrid model significant improvement and shows promising results as a proxy model.