bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The treatment gap for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: a comparative analysis of cost and utilisation in high-income countries
Authors: Stein Athena , Higgins Nathan , Gajwani Mehul , Gericke Christian A. 
Published: September 2024

Objective Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, globally affecting approximately 120 per 100,000 people by age 70. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a US Federal Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and highly effective treatment for late-stage PD. However, country-specific reimbursement regulations and health policies may affect access to PD-DBS. We aimed to evaluate the uptake rate and ‘treatment gap’ for DBS across high-income countries. Methods We reviewed previous literature to investigate the cost and utilisation of PD-DBS in high-income countries across Asia, Europe, Oceania, and North America (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, UK, and USA). Using previous estimates of DBS candidate eligibility rates, we calculated theoretical DBS uptake rates and treatment gaps nationally. Results PD-DBS utilisation was highest in Australia and the USA and lowest in Korea and New Zealand. The total cost of PD-DBS in the first 12 months was highest in the USA and France and lowest in the UK and Germany. The utilisation rate (i.e. uptake rate) of PD-DBS (% DBS surgeries per PD case) was highest in Australia and the USA, and lowest in New Zealand and the UK, where the treatment gap reflected these trends. Conclusions Our results highlight differences in access to DBS for PD patients among high-income countries, which we discuss in the context of health systems. Better access to effective PD treatments such as DBS is critical given the increasing prevalence of PD in an ageing world and the associated, avoidable morbidity.
LeviLabs: learning about sound through acoustic levitation
Authors: Johansson Andreas , Kilde-Westberg Sebastian , Enger Jonas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sound waves are often studied as part of mechanical waves in the upper-secondary and undergraduate physics curricula. Acoustic levitation is an application of standing-wave phenomena, growing in popularity through the recent adoption of low-cost ultrasound transducers. Nevertheless, acoustic levitation has not yet been included in the standard phenomena investigated in undergraduate and upper-secondary physics courses. The objective of this Frontline is to introduce acoustic levitation in the classroom. This is done with LeviLab, a low-cost and easy-to-use experiment, accompanied by three hands-on procedures (LeviLabs): modifying the cavity length, visually representing standing waves with multiple levitated particles, and a tactile experience by moving a single particle between nodes. The first procedure yields the most accurate speed of sound measurements, while the second and third offer valuable qualitative insights into standing wave properties. This work demonstrates the educational potential of acoustic levitation to investigate sound waves. It aims to make the phenomenon accessible as a learning resource for upper-secondary and undergraduate physics laboratories by providing engaging hands-on experiences for qualitative and quantitative exploration.
Picosecond laser with Yb-doped tapered low birefringent double clad fiber
Authors: Kozlov A S , Mayzel A V , Medvedev A V , Motorin E A , Savelyev E A , Temkina V S , Filippov V N , Chamorovskiy Y K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, we present results of development fiber picosecond laser by using an active ytterbium tapered double clad optical fiber with mode field diameter of 35 μm and low intrinsic birefringence (1.45 * 10−8 rad m−1). We have demonstrated 1040 nm/50 ps optical source with tunable repetition rate (within range of 1–20 MHz) and an average power of 160 W (peak power 160 kW, 8 μJ per pulse) delivering Gaussian beam with excellent quality (M
2 ∼ 1.11/1.22).
Continuous rapid fabrication of fluffy ceramic sponge with high thermomechanical properties for battery pack runaway protection
Authors: Feng Yan , Li Xinyu , Yan Jianhua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The large-scale application of power batteries has brought a huge demand for lightweight fireproof and heat insulation aerogels. However, the discontinuous processing techniques for aerogels increase synthesis costs and inhibit large-scale manufacture. Here, we propose a self-templated curl-stacking electrospinning method to directly synthesize mechanically resilient fluffy ceramic fiber sponges (FCFSs) without using polymer templates, which simultaneously have amazing thermal-mechanical and thermal insulation properties under extreme conditions. The FCFSs have a low mass density (5.49 mg/cm3). This small thermal conductivity is 0.026 W/m·K, and has a high compression stability, and therefore has good potential in battery packs’ thermal runaway protection.
A 3D photon-to-digital converter readout for low-power and large-area applications
Authors: Rossignol T. , Roy N. , Parent S. , Deslandes K. , Nolet F. , Charlebois S.A. , Pratte J.-F. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A new trend in large area noble liquid experiments is to
measure the scintillation light with photodetectors and their
electronics inside the active volume. Compared to the typical
approach of using silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) with an analog
readout chain leading to an analog-to-digital converter, this paper
presents a new 3D photon-to-digital converter (PDC) readout that
takes advantage of the binary nature of the single-photon avalanche
diodes (SPAD). The readout contains 4096 pixels over 25 mm2,
each including a 3D bonding pad and a quenching circuit. The
readout features three different outputs: a fast flag to get the
timestamp of each event from an external time-to-digital converter,
a digital sum to retrieve the number of pixels triggered during an
event, and an analog monitor to generate an analog SiPM-like output.
The analog monitor is also used to validate the two former digital
outputs. The readout also includes 61 2D CMOS SPADs for validation
purpose prior to the final 3D integration with SPADs custom made
according to our design by Teledyne DALSA (Bromont, Canada). As a
first system integration toward large-area detector applications, a
mini-tile of 2 × 2 readouts has been developed to test all
the functionalities. The measured single-photon timing resolution
ranges from 72 to 93 ps FWHM across the mini-tile SPAD channels
population (i.e. 4 × 61 channels). The flag timing
resolution is below 95 ps RMS, which includes the contribution of
the optimized flag H-tree but also an additional trigger tree that
replaces the 3D SPAD array at this stage of development. Once
bonded with the 3D SPADs, the trigger tree won't be required to
measure the flag timing resolution. With the removed contribution
of the trigger tree, the estimated flag timing resolution should be
below 45 ps RMS. The extent of the benefits of the digital sum
output depend on the application, and this paper focuses on two
cases. First, a low-power coincidence scheme such as required by
the nEXO liquid xenon experiment, leading to a power consumption as
low as 140 μW per PDC. With a finer sampling of the
scintillation light such as required for pulse shape discrimination
in liquid argon, the power consumption remains below 100 μW
per PDC. Overall, this readout is designed as a replacement for a
typical analog SiPM chain, without compromise on the performances.
ETROC1: the first full chain precision timing prototype ASIC for CMS MTD endcap timing layer upgrade
Authors: Huang X. , Sun Q. , Gong D. , Gwak P. , Kim D. , Lee J. , Liu C. , Liu T. , Liu T. , Los S. , Miryala S. , Nanda S. , Olsen J. , Sun H. , Wu J. , Ye J. , Ye Z. , Zhang L. , Zhang W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present the design and characterization of the first full
chain precision timing prototype ASIC, named ETL Readout Chip
version 1 (ETROC1) for the CMS MTD endcap timing layer (ETL)
upgrade. The ETL utilizes Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) sensors to
detect charged particles, with the goal to achieve a time resolution
of 40–50 ps per hit, and 30–40 ps per track with hits from two
detector layers. The ETROC1 is composed of a 5 × 5 pixel
array and peripheral circuits. The pixel array includes a
4 × 4 active pixel array with an H-tree shaped network
delivering clock and charge injection signals. Each active pixel is
composed of various components, including a bump pad, a charge
injection circuit, a pre-amplifier, a discriminator, a
digital-to-analog converter, and a time-to-digital converter. These
components play essential roles as the front-end link in processing
LGAD signals and measuring timing-related information. The
peripheral circuits provide clock signals and readout
functionalities. The size of the ETROC1 chip is
7 mm× 9 mm. ETROC1 has been fabricated in a 65 nm
CMOS process, and extensively tested under stimuli of charge
injection, infrared laser, and proton beam. The time resolution of
bump-bonded ETROC1 + LGAD chipsets reaches 42–46 ps per hit in the
beam test.
Effect of gamma-radiation on the transmission and return losses of FC/APC connectors
Authors: Gusarov A. , Dandu P. , Wuilpart M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Fibre Optics Current Sensor (FOCS) installed at ITER will use optical fibres to perform plasma current measurements based on the Faraday effect. A connection between the sensing fibre placed on the Vacuum Vessel and the fibre guiding the signal to the data-acquisition hardware will be required. Because of practical reasons, this link contains FC/APC connectors, which guarantee the low return loss required for normal operation of the FOCS. The connectors will be located in the port cell area and will be subject to high levels of nuclear radiation. Radiation may influence both transmission and return losses of the FC/APC connectors and, as a result, degrade the FOCS performance. To address the problem, several FC/APC connectors were exposed to Co60 gamma radiation up to a 550 kGy dose. Transmission through the connectors was monitored during irradiation. The return loss of mated FC/APC connectors was measured before and after irradiation. It was found that radiation-induced changes of both transmission and reflection parameters are acceptable for the FOCS at ITER.
Dynamic fringe field effect of the rapid ramping quadrupole magnets at a Rapid Cycling Synchrotron
Authors: Chen Jianliang , Xu Shouyan , Lu Xiaohan , Li Yong , An Yuwen , Huang Mingyang , Wang Sheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
For a DC quadrupole magnet, the normalized magnetic field
distribution along the beam trajectory is mainly determined by the
mechanical structure of the magnet and remains almost independent of
the exciting current. However, the magnetic field measurement
results of the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) at the China
Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) show that the normalized magnetic
field distribution along the beam trajectory varies during the
exciting current ramping process for rapid ramping
magnets. Consequently, for rapid ramping quadrupole magnets, there
are significant differences between the dynamic and static magnetic
field gradient distribution. And the changes in the distribution of
the magnetic field gradient can cause time dependent tune-shifts
during the exciting current ramping process. For RCS, the tune is
crucial, and the shifts of tune may lead to the beam approaching the
resonance line, thereby causing beam loss. The impact of the fringe
field effect of the rapid ramping quadrupole magnets on beam
dynamics at CSNS-RCS was detailly studied. A new method for
correcting the time-dependent tune shifts caused by the dynamic
field distribution, based on waveform compensation at the quadrupole
magnets, has also been proposed for the RCS of CSNS. Related
simulation and experiment have been conducted, and the simulation
results and experimental results are consistent with theoretical
study results.
Conventional and 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Fabry Disease
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Chonghui , Wang Han , Yang Ying , Liu Lin , Fan Fangfang , Zhao Ya-wen , Zhang Wei , Ma Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the myocardial involvement and explore the strain characteristics of the left atrium and the left ventricle in patients with Fabry disease (FD) using conventional echocardiography and 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE).

METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted. Sixty-nine patients with FD who were treated in the Department of Cardiology, Neurology and Nephrology of Peking University First Hospital from August 2014 to February 2023 and underwent echocardiography examination in the Cardiology Department were collected (FD group). During the same time, 69 age- and sex-matched individuals who had no cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, renal, metabolic, and autoimmune diseases, and had no obvious abnormalities on echocardiography were included in the control group. The clinical data and laboratory tests were collected, and routine echocardiography and 2D-STE were performed to analyze left atrial strain and left ventricular longitudinal strain. The differences in relevant parameters between groups were compared.

RESULTS
Compared with the control group, the patients in the FD group had smaller body mass index and body surface area, slower heart rate, poorer estimated glomerular filtration rate, and significantly increased brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I (all P &lt; 0.05). E’med in the FD group was reduced (8.4 ± 3.4 vs. 9.9 ± 2.8, P = 0.006) and E peak, E peak deceleration time, pulmonary artery systolic pressure increased, interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall thickened, left ventricular mass index, and early diastolic transmitral inflow velocity/septal mitral annular velocity (E/Eʹ) increased (all P &lt; 0.05). Compared with the control group, left atrial strains [including left atrial strain during reservoir phase (LASr), left atrial strain during contraction phase (LASct), left atrial strain during conduit phase (LAScd)] and left ventricular average global longitudinal strain (GLSavg) were reduced in the FD group. In the segmental longitudinal strain of the left ventricular, the strain was significantly reduced except for the strain of the basal and middle segment of the inferior wall (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with FD usually have multisystem involvement such as kidney and heart. Echocardiography usually shows varying degrees of myocardial hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, while left ventricular ejection fraction is normal. Left atrial strain, left ventricular global, and segmental longitudinal strain are all decreased to varying degrees.
Using the Montgomery–Koyama–Smith equation to calculate the stomatal area per unit lamina area for 12 Magnoliaceae species
Authors: Yan Chunxiu , Shi Peijian , Yu Kexin , Guo Xuchen , Lian Meng , Miao Qinyue , Wang Lin , Yao Weihao , Zheng Yiwen , Zhu Fuyuan , Niklas Karl J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The Montgomery–Koyama–Smith (MKS) equation predicts that total leaf area per shoot is proportional to the product of the sum of individual leaf widths and maximum individual leaf length, which has been validated for some herbaceous and woody plants. The equation is also predicted to be valid in describing the relationship between the total stomatal area per micrograph (AT) and the product of the sum of individual stomatal widths (denoted as LKS) and maximum individual stomatal length (denoted by WKS) in any particular micrograph.

Methods
To test the validity of the MKS equation, 69 931 stomata (from 720 stomatal micrographs from 12 Magnoliaceae species) were examined. The area of each stoma was calculated using empirical measurements of stomatal length and width multiplied by a constant. Six equations describing the relationships among AT, LKS and WKS were compared. The root mean square (RMSE) and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) were used to measure the goodness of fit and the trade-off between the goodness of fit and the structural complexity of each model, respectively.

Key Results
Analyses supported the validity of the MKS equation and the power-law equation AT ∝ (LKSWKS)α, where α is a scaling exponent. The estimated values of α at the species level and for the pooled data were all statistically smaller than unity, which did not support the hypothesis that AT ∝ LKSWKS. The power-law equation had smaller RMSE and AIC values than the MKS equation for the data from the 12 individual species and the pooled data.

Conclusions
These results indicate that AT tends to scale allometrically with LKSWKS, and that increases in AT do not keep pace with increases in LKSWKS. In addition, using LKSWKS is better than using only one of the two variables to calculate AT.
Post-selection inference in regression models for group testing data
Authors: Shen Qinyan , Gregory Karl , Huang Xianzheng 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We develop a methodology for valid inference after variable selection in logistic regression when the responses are partially observed, that is, when one observes a set of error-prone testing outcomes instead of the true values of the responses. Aiming at selecting important covariates while accounting for missing information in the response data, we apply the expectation-maximization algorithm to compute maximum likelihood estimators subject to LASSO penalization. Subsequent to variable selection, we make inferences on the selected covariate effects by extending post-selection inference methodology based on the polyhedral lemma. Empirical evidence from our extensive simulation study suggests that our post-selection inference results are more reliable than those from naive inference methods that use the same data to perform variable selection and inference without adjusting for variable selection.
Biallelic PTPMT1 variants disrupt cardiolipin metabolism and lead to a neurodevelopmental syndrome
Authors: Falabella Micol , Pizzamiglio Chiara , Tabara Luis Carlos , Munro Benjamin , Abdel-Hamid Mohamed S , Sonmezler Ece , Macken William L , Lu Shanti , Tilokani Lisa , Flannery Padraig J , Patel Nina , Pope Simon A S , Heales Simon J R , Hammadi Dania B H , Alston Charlotte L , Taylor Robert W , Lochmuller Hanns , Woodward Cathy E , Labrum Robyn , Vandrovcova Jana , Houlden Henry , Chronopoulou Efstathia , Pierre Germaine , Maroofian Reza , Hanna Michael G , Taanman Jan-Willem , Hiz Semra , Oktay Yavuz , Zaki Maha S , Horvath Rita , Prudent Julien , Pitceathly Robert D S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are among the most common inherited neurological disorders. They are caused by pathogenic variants in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA that disrupt mitochondrial structure and/or function, leading to impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). One emerging subcategory of PMDs involves defective phospholipid metabolism. Cardiolipin, the signature phospholipid of mitochondria, resides primarily in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is biosynthesized and remodelled via multiple enzymes and is fundamental to several aspects of mitochondrial biology. Genes that contribute to cardiolipin biosynthesis have recently been linked with PMD. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms that underpin human cardiolipin-related PMDs are not fully characterized.
Here, we report six individuals, from three independent families, harbouring biallelic variants in PTPMT1, a mitochondrial tyrosine phosphatase required for de novo cardiolipin biosynthesis. All patients presented with a complex, neonatal/infantile onset neurological and neurodevelopmental syndrome comprising developmental delay, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, epilepsy, spasticity, cerebellar ataxia and nystagmus, sensorineural hearing loss, optic atrophy and bulbar dysfunction. Brain MRI revealed a variable combination of corpus callosum thinning, cerebellar atrophy and white matter changes.
Using patient-derived fibroblasts and skeletal muscle tissue, combined with cellular rescue experiments, we characterized the molecular defects associated with mutant PTPMT1 and confirmed the downstream pathogenic effects that loss of PTPMT1 has on mitochondrial structure and function. To further characterize the functional role of PTPMT1 in cardiolipin homeostasis, we created a ptpmt1 knockout zebrafish. This model had abnormalities in body size, developmental alterations, decreased total cardiolipin levels and OXPHOS deficiency.
Together, these data indicate that loss of PTPMT1 function is associated with a new autosomal recessive PMD caused by impaired cardiolipin metabolism, highlighting the contribution of aberrant cardiolipin metabolism towards human disease and emphasizing the importance of normal cardiolipin homeostasis during neurodevelopment.
Incorporation of ESIPT into pillar[5]arene for solid-state dual emission responsive to n-hexane vapor
Authors: Kaneda Tomoya , Kato Kenichi , Ohtani Shunsuke , Ogoshi Tomoki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pillar[5]arene is a promising macrocyclic receptor of a chemical sensor showing shape-selective encapsulation of neutral molecules into the cavity, but the poor fluorescence properties remain a challenge. Herein, we report a pillar[5]arene coupled with 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO), which displays bright fluorescence in both solution and the solid state. Owing to the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in the HBO moiety, greatly improved fluorescence is observed for the pillar[5]arene derivative in CHCl3 (Φlum = 11%) and powder form (Φlum = 25%). Moreover, the emission color changes from light green to blue when the powder sample is exposed to n-hexane vapor. The color change derives from variable dual emission via ESIPT and excimer-forming pathways, as suggested by fluorescence lifetime measurements at different wavelengths. Powder x-ray diffraction indicates that increased crystallinity and a small alteration in the solid-state structure leads to visible fluorescent chromism upon vapor encapsulation.
Genome-wide mapping of main histone modifications and coordination regulation of metabolic genes under salt stress in pea (Pisum sativum L)
Authors: Wan Heping , Cao Lan , Wang Ping , Hu Hanbing , Guo Rui , Chen Jingdong , Zhao Huixia , Zeng Changli , Liu Xiaoyun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pea occupy a key position in modern biogenetics, playing multifaceted roles as food, vegetable, fodder, and green manure. However, due to the complex nature of its genome and the prolonged unveiling of high-quality genetic maps, research into the molecular mechanisms underlying pea development and stress responses has been significantly delayed. Furthermore, the exploration of its epigenetic modification profiles and associated regulatory mechanisms remains uncharted. This research conducted a comprehensive investigation of four specific histone marks, namely H3K4me3, H3K27me3, H3K9ac, and H3K9me2, and the transcriptome in pea under normal conditions, and established a global map of genome-wide regulatory elements, chromatin states, and dynamics based on these major modifications. Our analysis identified epigenomic signals across ~82.6% of the genome. Each modification exhibits distinct enrichment patterns: H3K4me3 is predominantly associated with the gibberellin response pathway, H3K27me3 is primarily associated with auxin and ethylene responses, and H3K9ac is primarily associated with negative regulatory stimulus responses. We also identified a novel bivalent chromatin state (H3K9ac-H3K27me3) in pea, which is related to their development and stress response. Additionally, we unveil that these histone modifications synergistically regulate metabolic-related genes, influencing metabolite production under salt stress conditions. Our findings offer a panoramic view of the major histone modifications in pea, elucidate their interplay, and highlight their transcriptional regulatory roles during salt stress.