bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated LCF‐creep experimental methodology for durability life evaluation of turbine blade
Authors: Shi D. , Li Z. , Yang X. , Wang H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes an accelerated low cycle fatigue (LCF)‐creep experimental methodology in laboratory to investigate the durability life of turbine blades. A typical mission profile of the turbine blade was obtained by means of rain flow counting method, considering both the actual flight condition and ground test data. Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to obtain the stress and temperature fields of turbine blade. A test system was constructed to conduct LCF‐creep experiments of turbine blades, simulating the stress and temperature distributions of critical section properly. LCF‐creep experiments of full‐scale turbine blades were performed under a trapezoidal loading spectrum. Experiment results showed that the durability life of turbine blade based on numerical method was longer than that based on this experimental methodology, even an order of magnitude. Furthermore, this experimental methodology helped to extend the service life of this blade safely, and its validity was verified in actual service condition.
Aggressive natural killer (NK)‐cell leukaemia and extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma are two distinct diseases that differ in their clinical presentation and cytogenetic findings
Authors: Yang Ching‐Fen , Hsu Chih‐Yi , Ho Donald M‐T 
Published: January 2018

AimsAggressive natural killer (NK)‐cell leukaemia (ANKCL) and extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) with secondary bone marrow involvement are rare bone marrow NK/T‐cell neoplasms and share similar features. This study aimed to distinguish these two entities.Methods and resultsWe studied bone marrow NK/T‐cell neoplasms by classifying them into those with no extramedullary mass (group 1, eight cases) and those with extramedullary mass (group 2, 13 cases). The two groups showed similar clinical presentations and pathological features. Fever and cytopenia were the most common clinical presentations in both groups. The neoplastic cells varied from small and relatively monotonous cells to large pleomorphic cells. In six cases (two in group 1, and four in group 2), the neoplastic infiltrate was inconspicuous, consisting of ≤10% of marrow cells in the interstitium, which were hardly identified by haematoxylin and eosin staining alone. Nearly all patients rapidly died, regardless of the neoplastic infiltrate volume. All of the group 1 patients fulfilled the World Health Organisation 2017 diagnostic criteria of ANKCL, and their survival was significantly worse than that of the group 2 patients (P = 0.035). In addition, there was a significant association between being in group 1 and chromosome 7 abnormalities. Chromosome 6q deletion, which is commonly reported in ENKTCL, was seen in two of our group 2 patients, and was not observed in any of our group 1 patients.ConclusionANKCL with no extramedullary mass should be distinguished from ENKTCL with bone marrow involvement, as the former shows distinct outcomes and genetic features.
Preparation of SiC from acid‐leached coal gangue by carbothermal reduction
Authors: Li Fachuang , Guo Zhanyong , Su Guang , Guo Chaobo , Sun Guojin , Zhu Xinlin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFor the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue, acid‐leached coal gangue was used as silicon source and part of carbon source, low ash anthracite and degreasing cotton were added respectively as supplementary carbon source, SiC and SiC fiber were prepared by carbothermal reduction method accordingly. The results show that the main components in leached coal gangue are amorphous SiO2 and carbon, which are suitable for the synthesis of SiC as raw materials. The synthesis temperature and holding time have important influence on the synthesis of SiC, and the optimum synthesis parameters for SiC are at 1550°C for 4 hours; under this condition, the yield of SiC is 78.27%, and the specific surface area is 6750 cm2/g. The results show that the resulting products are essentially composed of β‐SiC with a minor amount of α‐SiC. Besides, based on the carbon fiber transformation method, SiC fiber was prepared by using leached coal gangue and degreasing cotton as raw materials. Therefore, it can be concluded that leached coal gangue is a very effective and inexpensive source for preparing SiC, and more importantly, this work has important economic and social significance to realize waste recycling and control pollution.
Oral lichen sclerosus: a systematic review of reported cases and two new cases
Authors: Kakko Tuomas , Salo Tuula , Siponen Maria K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease with uncertain etiology. It occurs as white plaque‐like lesions mostly in the anogenital skin. Oral mucosal involvement is extremely rare. This study aims to summarize the features of published oral lichen sclerosus (OLS) and two new cases.A systematic search of the English literature from 1955 to 2016 was performed in MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, and cross‐references were searched manually. Search phrases included “lichen sclerosus,” “mouth,” “oral,” “lip,” “palate,” “floor of mouth,” “tongue,” “gingiva,” “buccal mucosa,” and “mouth diseases.” Cases with clinical and histopathological confirmation of diagnosis of OLS were included.A total of 41 (39 published and 2 new) histologically confirmed OLS cases were available. The median age of OLS patients was 31 years, and 66% of the patients were female. Most of the OLS lesions were asymptomatic. They were located in the labial mucosa (n = 20), lip (n = 15), buccal mucosa (n = 14), gingiva (n = 12), tongue (n = 12), and palate (n = 7).OLS is rare and typically presents as asymptomatic, white, plaque‐like lesions. Malignant transformation of preexisting OLS has not been reported.
Effects of colorant concentration and ‘natural colour’ or ‘sodium content’ claim on saltiness perception, consumer liking and emotion, and purchase intent of dipping sauces
Authors: Sukkwai Sineenath , Kijroongrojana Kongkarn , Chonpracha Pichayaphat , Pujols Kairy Dharali , Alonso‐Marenco José R. , Ardoin Ryan , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: January 2018

SummaryNatural colorant (no colorant, NC = 0%; moderate colorant, MC = 1.2%; high colorant, HC = 3.6% w/w) and salt (regular salt, RS = NaCl; reduced sodium, ReS = KCl; no salt, NS) were added in mayonnaise‐based dipping sauces to evaluate effects of colorant concentration and ‘natural colorant’ or ‘sodium content’ claim on saltiness expectation, consumer liking and emotion, and purchase intent (PI) of these products. Regardless of the salt type and content, increasing colorant concentration decreased colour liking scores while saltiness expectation tentatively increased as indicated by higher % of ‘too much’ responses for saltiness on a JAR (Just‐About‐Right) scale. At a given salt type and content, liking scores of salty taste decreased with increasing colorant concentration, both before and after the ‘sodium content’ claim was given to consumers. Emotion scores elicited by consuming dipping sauces were affected by colorant concentration. Positive emotions (good, interested, satisfied) decreased while negative emotions (guilty, unsafe, worried) increased with increasing colorant concentration. Statements of ‘natural colorant’ and ‘sodium content’ claim had minimal effects on elicited emotions and PI.
Comparative study of antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the edible mushrooms Pleurotus levis, P. ostreatus, P. pulmonarius and P. tuber‐regium
Authors: Adebayo Elijah A. , Martínez‐Carrera Daniel , Morales Porfirio , Sobal Mercedes , Escudero Helios , Meneses María E. , Avila‐Nava Azalia , Castillo Ivan , Bonilla Myrna 
Published: January 2018

SummaryComparative studies of functional properties among closely related mushroom species, supported by molecular identification, standard cultivation and extraction protocols, are not well documented. We compared antioxidant and antibacterial properties of standardised hydroalcoholic extracts of four Pleurotus species (P. levis, P. ostreatus, P. pulmonarius and P. tuber‐regium). Antioxidant properties were investigated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacity, total phenolic content, β‐carotene‐linoleic and ORAC assays. Antibacterial effect was assessed using the microplate method. The functional properties of standardised mushroom extracts were different in species studied. β‐carotene–linoleic acid and ORAC assays showed high antioxidant activity, particularly in P. ostreatus. Pleurotus tuber‐regium exhibited the lowest antioxidant activity in the ORAC assay (3316.0 μmol of trolox equivalent mL−1), but exerted the most potent bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity. Bacillus subtilis showed a high degree of susceptibility to a very low concentration (3.33 μg mL−1) of P. levis extract. Remarkable antioxidant and antibacterial properties were found in P. levis and P. tuber‐regium compared to the other species studied that are cultivated commercially.
Influence of crystal promoters on sensory characteristics of heat‐resistant compound chocolate
Authors: Rosales Czarina Kristine , Suwonsichon Suntaree , Klinkesorn Utai 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThree additives that acted as crystal promoters (CP1, CP2 and CP3), at varying concentrations, were studied to determine their effect on sensory characteristics of heat‐resistant compound chocolates using trained descriptive panellists. The non‐heat‐resistant compound chocolate with no CP added served as a control. CP1 was composed of mono‐ and diglycerides and polyglycerol esters from high oleic sunflower oil. CP2 consisted of mono‐ and diglycerides, lecithin and citric acid esters from blended canola oil and palm stearin. CP3 consisted of triglycerides from fully hydrogenated canola oil. The sample with 0.25% CP1 was most comparable to the control with higher cocoa, dark brown, bitter aromatic and sweet intensities and faster melting rate but lower wax‐coating mouthfeel than the samples with CP2 and CP3 at all concentrations (P ≤ 0.05). Varying the composition and concentration of crystal promoter added to compound chocolate impacts product sensory quality which in turn affects commercial applications.
Food waste as a source of value‐added chemicals and materials: a biorefinery perspective
Authors: Esteban Jesus , Ladero Miguel 
Published: January 2018

SummaryAs the availability of fossil‐based resources declines, there is an impending necessity of finding alternative feedstock able to secure the production of fuels and chemicals. Exploitation of biomass as renewable source of chemicals is an attractive possibility, in particular the one derived from food waste (FW). Every year, large amounts of waste are generated within or at the end of the food supply chain at the consumers use stage and hence its valorisation attracts great attention. FW has proven a valuable feedstock for its exploitation to produce a wide array of intermediates and products with promising applications in industry, owing to their similar performance with respect to established products. These include organic acids and furans (generally used as platform chemicals to further products); polymers like bacterial cellulose, polyhydroxyalkanoates or chitin; biosurfactants; biolubricants; or nanoparticles. This overview covers the latest trends in chemical, enzymatic and biotechnological processes reported in literature on the production of these chemicals and materials, with a focus on the use of FW as raw material.
Validation of reflex testing rules and establishment of a new workflow for body fluid cell analysis using a Sysmex XN‐550 automatic hematology analyzer
Authors: Cho Y.‐U. , You E. , Jang S. , Park C.‐J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe developed and validated reflex testing rules for the microscopic examination (ME) of body fluids (BFs) on the Sysmex XN‐550 (Sysmex Corporation) instrument.MethodsWe assessed the detection limits, precision, linearity, and carryover. To develop the reflex testing rules (derivation arm), we tested 515 samples and then validated the rules using another 507 samples (validation arm).ResultsAll analytical performances were acceptable, and the carryover was negligible. There was agreement between the automated count and ME of red blood cells (r = .98) and total nucleated cells (TNCs) (r = .98), as well as the differential counts of neutrophils (r = .90) and lymphocytes (r = .84). We developed reflex testing rules: TNCs <10/μL, cell 2/cell 1 ratio ≤0.7, HF‐BF cells >7.9/100 white blood cells, LY‐X ≥85 or LY‐Y ≥90, and eosinophils >2.5%. In the validation arm, implementation of the rules resulted in 126 rule‐negative samples (24.9%) that were well correlated between the 2 methods. We propose a new workflow for BF cell analysis based on automated counting.ConclusionThe Sysmex XN‐550 can be a suitable alternative to ME for BF cell analysis, especially for screening samples and subsequent automatic reporting under the rational use of laboratory‐specific rules.
Transnational comparability of advanced pharmacy practice developmental frameworks: a country-level crossover mapping study
Authors: Udoh Arit , Bruno Andreia , Bates Ian , Galbraith Kirsten 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Previous work by the International Pharmaceutical Federation Education Initiative (FIPEd) demonstrates that even though some country-specific variations occur in pharmacy practice, there exists a set of practice-related competencies that are globally applicable. This study aimed to evaluate the transnational comparability of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society Advanced Pharmacy Framework (RPS-APF, Great Britain) and the Advanced Pharmacy Practice Framework for Australia (APPF). The objective was to obtain preliminary data on the transnational applicability of the developmental competencies contained in the two frameworks.

Method
A crossover mapping study involving 42 advanced-level pharmacists from four countries was conducted. Qualitative interview (n = 17) was also carried out to explore practitioners’ perception of the frameworks.

Result
The average postregistration experience of the practitioners in the crossover study was 19 years. Directly observed within-subject agreement per advanced practice competency ranged from 45% to 86%. This agreement was significant for 87% of the competencies evaluated (k ≥ 0.21; P ≤ 0.05). The lowest agreement was in the ‘governance’ competency (k = 0.13; P = 0.21). Wilcoxon sum rank test showed a statistically significant within-subject difference in the ‘collaborative practice’ cluster (P = 0.043). This was not observed in the other five advanced practice clusters. From the qualitative interviews, practitioners generally perceived the two compared advanced-level frameworks as similar in content and indicated they found the described competencies to be useful for clarifying expectations of practice and identifying skills development needs.

Conclusion
These findings provide preliminary evidence of the comparability and transnational applicability of the advanced pharmacy practice competencies contained in the two national competency development frameworks evaluated.
Inorganic polymers made of fayalite slag: On the microstructure and behavior of Fe
Authors: Onisei Silviana , Douvalis Alexios P. , Malfliet Annelies , Peys Arne , Pontikes Yiannis 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe microstructure of inorganic polymers (IP) formed from fayalite slag was investigated as a function of the composition of different activating solutions. The starting slag was 80 wt% amorphous, and after activation using sodium silicate solutions with varying SiO2/Na2O molar ratios, the amorphous phase dissolved and a binder phase was formed. The morphology of this binder, including the population and size of remnant particles and pores, was dependent on the particular activating solution used, and became denser as the level of silicate rose. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed that the IP synthesis reaction is combined with the oxidation of Fe2+ from the fayalite slag to Fe3+ in the inorganic polymer binder. The reaction extent varied and could be quantified using the absorption areas of these ions. Data corroborate that the Fe2+ ions in the amorphous part of the fayalite slag and the Fe3+ ions in the new binder phase had an average oxygen‐coordination number of 5.
The spectre of biogeographical regionalization
Authors: Morrone Juan J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA biogeographical regionalization is a hierarchical system that categorizes geographical areas in terms of their biotas. I provide a general protocol to undertake biogeographical regionalizations, that consists of seven steps: (1) defining the study area; (2) assembling distributional data; (3) identifying natural areas; (4) discovering area relationships; (5) defining boundaries/transition zones; (6) regionalization and (7) area nomenclature. Natural biogeographical units are useful for people undertaking different types of analyses, like macroecologists, evolutionary biologists, systematists and conservationists. Biogeographical regionalizations may help biogeographers communicate more effectively between themselves and discover opportunities to work on common problems, contributing to the development of a truly integrative biogeography.
Attending to structural programming features predicts differences in learning and motivation
Authors: Witherspoon Eben B. , Schunn Christian D. , Higashi Ross M. , Shoop Robin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEducational robotics programs offer an engaging opportunity to potentially teach core computer science concepts and practices in K–12 classrooms. Here, we test the effects of units with different programming content within a virtual robotics context on both learning gains and motivational changes in middle school (6th–8th grade) robotics classrooms. Significant learning gains were found overall, particularly for groups introduced to content involving program flow, the structural logic of program execution. Relative gains for these groups were particularly high on items that require the transfer of knowledge to dissimilar contexts. Reaching units that included program flow content was also associated with greater maintenance of programming interest when compared with other units. Therefore, our results suggest that explicit instruction in the structural logic of programming may develop deeper transferrable programming knowledge and prevent declines in some motivational factors.
Cultivating undergraduates' plagiarism avoidance knowledge and skills with an online tutorial system
Authors: Liu Gi‐Zen , Lu Hui‐Ching , Lin Vivien , Hsu Wei‐Chen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWith the increased use of digital materials, undergraduate writers in English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts have become more susceptible to plagiarism. In this study, the researchers designed a blended English writing course with an online writing tutorial system entitled DWright. The study examined the effectiveness of the online writing tool for helping a group of EFL sophomores in Taiwan develop plagiarism avoidance knowledge, paraphrasing skills, and citation abilities. Mixed‐method data included pretest, posttest, and delayed test, a feedback sheet, writing assignments, interviews, and a post‐course questionnaire, which reported increased awareness on plagiarism avoidance with evidence such as qualitative paraphrasing improvement and positive feedback on the use of DWright for developing plagiarism avoidance knowledge and citation competence. Pedagogical implications for researchers and instructors interested in blending online writing tutorials into their courses for plagiarism avoidance were also discussed.
Ryanodine‐receptor inhibition by dantrolene effectively suppresses ventricular arrhythmias in an ex vivo model of long‐QT syndrome
Authors: Frommeyer Gerrit , Krawczyk Julius , Ellermann Christian , Bögeholz Nils , Kochhäuser Simon , Dechering Dirk G. , Fehr Michael , Eckardt Lars 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimsA significant antiarrhythmic potential of ryanodine receptor inhibition was reported in experimental studies. The aim of the present study was to assess potential antiarrhythmic effects of dantrolene in an experimental whole‐heart model of drug‐induced long‐QT syndrome (LQTS).MethodsIn 12 isolated rabbit hearts, long‐QT‐2‐syndrome was simulated by infusion of erythromycin (300 μM). Twelve rabbit hearts were treated with veratridine (0.5 μM) to mimic long‐QT‐3‐syndrome.ResultsMonophasic action potentials and ECG showed a significant prolongation of QT‐interval (+71 ms, P < 0.01) and action potential duration (APD, +43 ms, P < 0.01) after infusion of erythromycin as compared with baseline. Similar results were obtained in veratridine‐treated hearts (QT‐interval: +43 ms, P < 0.01; APD: +36 ms, P < 0.01). Both erythromycin (+36 ms, P < 0.05) and veratridine (+38 ms) significantly increased dispersion of repolarization.Additional infusion of dantrolene (20 μM) did not significantly alter QT‐interval and APD but resulted in a significant reduction of dispersion of repolarization (erythromycin group: –33 ms, P < 0.05; veratridine group: –29 ms, P < 0.05).Lowering of potassium concentration resulted in the occurrence of early afterdepolarizations (EAD) and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 9 of 12 erythromycin‐treated hearts (175 episodes) and 8 of 12 veratridine‐treated hearts (66 episodes). Additional infusion of dantrolene significantly reduced occurrence of polymorphic VT and resulted in occurrence of EAD and polymorphic VT in 1 of 12 erythromycin‐treated hearts (18 episodes) and 1 of 12 veratridine‐treated hearts (3 episodes).ConclusionInhibition of the ryanodine receptor by dantrolene significantly reduced occurrence of polymorphic VT in drug‐induced LQTS. A significant reduction of spatial dispersion of repolarization represents a major antiarrhythmic mechanism. These results imply that dantrolene may represent a promising antiarrhythmic option in drug‐induced LQTS.
Navigating systems ideas for health practice: Towards a common learning device
Authors: Reynolds Martin , Sarriot Eric , Swanson Robert Chad , Rusoja Evan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSystems thinking and reference to complexity science have gained currency in health sector practice and research. The extent to which such ideas might represent a mere passing fad or might more usefully be mobilized to tackle wicked problems in health systems is a concern underpinning this paper. Developing the usefulness of the systems idea requires appreciating how systems ideas are used essentially as constructs conceptually bounded by practitioners. Systems are used for purposes of understanding and engaging the reality of health issues, with the intent of transforming the reality into one that is more manageable, equitable, and sustainable. We examine some manifestations of the systems idea in health practice and the traditions of systems practice that variously make use of them. This provides a platform for proposing a systems thinking in (health) practice heuristic: a learning device supporting how different tools and methods can address “wicked problems” in health praxis. The device is built on the use of “conversation” as a metaphor to help practitioners use systems ideas in tandem with existing disciplinary and professional skills and methods. We consider how the application of the heuristic requires, and helps to develop, human characteristics of humility, empathy, and recognition of fallibility.