bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomes Derived from Hypoxic Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Deliver miR-21 to Normoxic Cells to Elicit a Prometastatic Phenotype
Authors: Li Ling , Li Chao , Wang Shaoxin , Wang Zhaohui , Jiang Jian , Wang Wei , Li Xiaoxia , Chen Jin , Liu Kun , Li Chunhua , Zhu Guiquan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and is associated with aggressiveness and poor patient outcomes. Exosomes, initially considered to be cellular “garbage dumpsters,” are now implicated in mediating interactions with the cellular environment. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between exosomes and hypoxia during cancer progression remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that exosomes derived from hypoxic oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells increased the migration and invasion of OSCC cells in a HIF-1α and HIF-2α–dependent manner. Given that exosomes have been shown to transport miRNAs to alter cellular functions, we performed miRNA sequencing of normoxic and hypoxic OSCC-derived exosomes. Of the 108 miRNAs that were differentially expressed, miR-21 stood out as one of the most significantly upregulated miRNAs under hypoxic conditions. miR-21 depletion in hypoxic OSCC cells led to decreased miR-21 levels in exosomes and significantly reduced cell migration and invasion. Conversely, restoration of miR-21 expression in HIF-1α and HIF-2α–depleted exosomes rescued OSCC cell migration and invasion. Moreover, exosomal miR-21 markedly enhanced snail and vimentin expression, while significantly decreasing E-cadherin levels in OSCC cells, in vitro and in vivo. Finally, circulating exosomal miR-21 levels were closely associated with HIF-1α/HIF-2α expression, T stage, and lymph node metastasis in patients with OSCC. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the hypoxic microenvironment may stimulate tumor cells to generate miR-21–rich exosomes that are delivered to normoxic cells to promote prometastatic behaviors and prompt further investigation into the therapeutic value of exosome inhibition for cancer treatment. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1770–80. ©2016 AACR.
Diabetes Mellitus and Prevention of Late Myocardial Infarction After Coronary Stenting in the Randomized Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Study
Authors: Meredith Ian T. , Tanguay Jean-François , Kereiakes Dean J. , Cutlip Donald E. , Yeh Robert W. , Garratt Kirk N. , Lee David P. , Steg P. Gabriel , Weaver W. Douglas , Holmes David R. , Brindis Ralph G. , Trebacz Jaroslaw , Massaro Joseph M. , Hsieh Wen-Hua , Mauri Laura 
Published: March 2016

Background—
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at high risk for recurrent ischemic events after coronary stenting. We assessed the effects of continued thienopyridine among patients with DM participating in the Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) Study as a prespecified analysis.

Methods and Results—

After coronary stent placement and 12 months treatment with open-label thienopyridine plus aspirin, 11 648 patients free of ischemic or bleeding events and who were medication compliant were randomly assigned to continued thienopyridine or placebo, in addition to aspirin, for 18 more months. After randomization, patients with DM (n=3391), in comparison with patients without DM (n=8257), had increased composite outcome of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke (6.8% versus 4.3%,
P
<0.001), increased death (2.5% versus 1.4%,
P
<0.001), and MI (4.2% versus 2.6%,
P
<0.001). Among patients with DM, in a comparison of continued thienopyridine versus placebo, rates of stent thrombosis were 0.5% versus 1.1%,
P
=0.06, and rates of MI were 3.5% versus 4.8%,
P
=0.058; and among patients without DM the rates were 0.4% versus 1.4%,
P
<0.001 (stent thrombosis,
P
interaction=0.21) and 1.6% versus 3.6%,
P
<0.001 (MI,
P
interaction=0.02). Bleeding risk with continued thienopyridine was similar among patients with or without DM (interaction
P
=0.61).

Conclusions—
In patients with DM, continued thienopyridine beyond 1 year after coronary stenting is associated with reduced risk of MI, although this benefit is attenuated in comparison with patients without DM.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00977938.
Carotid Atherosclerosis and Cerebral Microbleeds: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Romero José R. , Preis Sarah R. , Beiser Alexa , DeCarli Charles , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Wolf Philip A. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Polak Joseph F. , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: March 2016

Background

Carotid atherosclerosis is associated with subclinical ischemic cerebrovascular disease, but its role in hemorrhage‐prone small vessel disease—represented by cerebral microbleed (
CMB
)—is unclear, although vascular risk factors underlie both conditions. We hypothesized that persons with carotid atherosclerosis would have higher risk of
CMB
, particularly in deep regions.

Methods and Results

We studied 1243 participants in the Framingham Offspring Study (aged 56.9±8.8 years; 53% women) with carotid ultrasound available on 2 occasions (1995–1998 and 2005–2008) prior to brain magnetic resonance imaging. Using multivariable logistic regression, we related baseline carotid stenosis, baseline intima–media thickness, and site‐specific carotid intima–media thickness progression (at internal and common carotid locations) to the prevalence and location (lobar or deep plus mixed) of
CMB
. In addition, we assessed effect modification by lipid levels and use of statin and antithrombotic medications. Carotid stenosis ≥25% (a marker of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis) was associated with presence of
CMB
overall (Odds Ratio 2.20, 95%
CI
1.10–4.40) and at deep and mixed locations (odds ratio 3.60, 95%
CI
1.23–10.5). Baseline carotid intima–media thickness was not associated with
CMB
. Progression of common carotid artery intima–media thickness among persons on hypertension treatment was associated with lower risk of deep and mixed
CMB
(odds ratio per
SD
0.41, 95%
CI
0.18–0.96).

Conclusions

Cumulative vascular risk factor exposure may increase the risk of
CMB
, especially in deep regions. The apparent paradoxical association of carotid intima–media thickness progression with lower risk of
CMB
may reflect benefits of intensive vascular risk factor treatment among persons with higher cardiovascular risk and deserves further investigation. If replicated, the results may have potential implications for assessment of preventive and therapeutic interventions for subclinical cerebral hemorrhage.
Eliciting Patient Risk Willingness in Clinical Consultations as a Means of Improving Decision‐Making of Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Hussain Amjad I. , Garratt Andrew M. , Brunborg Cathrine , Aakhus Svend , Gullestad Lars , Pettersen Kjell I. 
Published: March 2016

Background

Treatment decisions for aortic valve replacement (
AVR
) should be sensitive to patient preferences. However, we lack knowledge of patient preferences and how to obtain them.

Methods and Results

We assessed the mortality risk patients were willing to accept when undergoing
AVR
by using the Standard Gamble method and aimed to show how this risk willingness was affected by level of disease burden. We report findings from 439 patients, aged >18 years with severe aortic stenosis who were referred for evaluation of
AVR
to our institution. The vast majority of patients accepted a mortality risk regarded as high or prohibitive according to current guidelines. Of the 439 patients, 51% patients were willing to forego surgery with high mortality risk (8–50%) and 19% were willing accept a prohibitive mortality risk (>50%) as defined in current guidelines. However, the risk willingness varied considerably. Acceptance of prohibitive risk willingness (>50%) was associated with reporting of 3 to 5 different restricting symptoms, with an odds ratio of 4.07 (95%
CI
1.56–10.59) opposed by increasing score on
EuroQol
–Visual Analog Scale, with an odds ratio of 0.99 (95%
CI
0.97–1.00). The poor ability to predict risk willingness based on available clinical variables and health status suggests that other factors may be important advocating the need for tools for soliciting patient's preferences individually.

Conclusion

When undergoing
AVR
, patients were willing to accept considerably higher perioperative risk than what is considered acceptable in current guidelines and practice. Patient preferences varied considerably, and they should be directly assessed and taken into account in decision‐making and guidelines.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01794832.
Pregnancy outcomes of antiphospholipid syndrome: In a low resource South Asian setting
Authors: Wijeyaratne CN , Galappaththi SLA , Palipane E , Jayawardane DBIA , Dodampahala SH , Tudawe MN , Gooneratne LV , Silva R de , Ratnayake D , Seneviratne SL 
Published: March 2016

Problem Antiphospholipid syndrome is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss, and specific treatment improves pregnancy outcome. Laboratory diagnosis is limited in South Asia. We assessed management outcomes of definite/probable antiphospholipid syndrome treated at a tertiary centre in Sri Lanka. Method Descriptive cross-sectional study of pregnancy outcomes with heparin and aspirin therapy. Outcome measures: miscarriage, intrauterine death and live birth when compared to previous untreated pregnancies. Results Of 646 gestations in 145 women, 146 (22.6%) received specific treatment. In the preceding pregnancies without specific treatment, the rates of miscarriage, late fetal loss, stillbirth and live birth were 60%, 26%, 8% and 7%, respectively. Following specific treatment with low-dose aspirin ± low-molecular weight heparin in 146 pregnancies (145 women), the rates of miscarriage, late fetal loss, stillbirth and live birth were 14%, 10%, 3% and 74%, respectively. Mean birth weight was 2.54 ± 0.62 kg, preterm births complicated 32 (29.6%) with a mean gestational age at delivery 33.7 ± 2.6 weeks, with three neonatal deaths. Maternal complications were: pre-eclampsia 16 (10.9%), gestational diabetes 28 (19.2%), antepartum haemorrhage in 1 patient. Only 73/145 (50.3%) women had laboratory confirmation of antiphospholipid syndrome, while others were treated empirically. Live births in diagnosed vs. empiric treatment – 80.8% vs. 67.1%. Conclusion Pregnant women with clinical antiphospholipid syndrome when treated with low-dose aspirin and heparin, the live birth rate of 7% in the previous pregnancy resulted in live births of 74% in a resource limited South Asian setting.
Psychosocial Impact of the Bionic Pancreas During Summer Camp
Authors: Weissberg-Benchell Jill , Hessler Danielle , Polonsky William H. , Fisher Lawrence 
Published: March 2016

Background: The psychosocial impact of the bionic pancreas (BP) was assessed among children attending diabetes camp. Methods: Nineteen children were randomly assigned for 5 days to the BP condition and 5 days to the control condition in a crossover design. Results: Significant reductions in hypoglycemic fear and regimen burden were found. Children felt less burdened or worried about diabetes and felt freer to do things they enjoyed while using the BP. Children wished the BP responded to out of range numbers faster and expressed annoyance about carrying around the necessary equipment. Conclusions: Children may experience improved psychosocial outcomes following use of BP while expressing key areas of user concern. Future studies in less controlled environments with larger sample sizes can determine if these findings are generalizable to other groups.
Ground States for a Nonlinear Schrödinger System with Sublinear Coupling Terms
Authors: Oliveira Filipe , Tavares Hugo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We study the existence of ground states for the coupled Schrödinger system

{

-

Δ
⁢

u
i

+

λ
i

⁢

u
i

=

μ
i

⁢

|

u
i

|

2
⁢
q

-
2

⁢

u
i

+

∑

j
≠
i

b

i
⁢
j

⁢

|

u
j

|

q

⁢

|

u
i

|

q
-
2

⁢

u
i

,

u
i

∈

H
1

⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

,

i
=

1
,
…
,
d

,

$\left\{\begin{aligned} &\displaystyle-\Delta u_{i}+\lambda_{i}u_{i}=\mu_{i}|u_% {i}|^{2q-2}u_{i}+\sum_{j\neq i}b_{ij}|u_{j}|^{q}|u_{i}|^{q-2}u_{i},\\ &\displaystyle u_{i}\in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{n}),\quad i=1,\ldots,d,\end{aligned}\right.$

n
≥
1

${n\geq 1}$

, for

λ
i

,

μ
i

>
0

${\lambda_{i},\mu_{i}>0}$

,

b

i
⁢
j

=

b

j
⁢
i

>
0

${b_{ij}=b_{ji}>0}$

(the so-called “symmetric attractive case”) and

1
<
q
<

n
/

(

n
-
2

)

+

${1<q<n/(n-2)^{+}}$

. We prove the existence of a nonnegative ground state

(

u
1
*

,
…
,

u
d
*

)

${(u_{1}^{*},\ldots,u_{d}^{*})}$

with

u
i
*

${u_{i}^{*}}$

radially decreasing. Moreover, we show that if in addition

q
<
2

${q<2}$

, such ground states are positive in all dimensions and for all values of the parameters.
Secretary General’s Column
Authors: Hartshorn Richard 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAs I sit down to write this column, IUPAC is about to tick off one biennium and begin another. Each time this happens the organisation renews itself as new people cycle into the positions and committees that plan, initiate, and undertake the work of the Union. It is a time when we look forward and consider our priorities—we seek to make our marks and to advance the discipline.
CFD Simulations of Copper-Ceria Based Microreactor for COPROX
Authors: Barbato Paola Sabrina , Landi Gianluca , Lisi Luciana , Di Benedetto Almerinda 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A CFD model of a copper-ceria based micro-reactor for the CO preferential oxidation reaction is developed. Simulations are performed by changing the thermal conductivity of the support and the oxygen inlet concentration. It is found that the value of the wall thermal conductivity has a significant role on the temperature profiles, hot-spot and selectivity. On increasing the O2 content, the CO selectivity decreases. An increase of the oxygen content anticipates the activation of the H2 oxidation, thus competing with CO oxidation. Conversely, at low values of the O2 content, the H2 oxidation is activated only after an almost complete CO oxidation is obtained. From the results it appears that the temperature control and management in the reactor is a key for increasing the CO selectivity at high CO conversion.
Pragmalinguistic Categories in Discourse Analysis of Science Journalism
Authors: Molek-Kozakowska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDrawing on selected approaches from pragmatics, functional linguistics, discourse space theories and evaluation theories, this article proposes a methodological framework for the study of science journalism. It presents the institutional context of science journalism, which is considered a hybrid discourse, as it combines features of science communication and of market-driven journalism, particularly the need for the coverage to meet the criteria of newsworthiness. To enable the study of how science journalists tend to engage the readers linguistically without foregoing the appearances of credibility, the article demonstrates the analytic potential of such pragmalinguistic categories as illocutionary force, reference and positioning, agency and stance, proximization and alignment, as well as emotivity and evaluation. Finally, the article illustrates the applicability of the above categories in a qualitative analysis of a special corpus of “most-read” medicine and biotechnology reports published in the online version of the popular international science magazine New Scientist. The analysis shows how to combine these categories in a productive way in order to develop a methodologically viable and theoretically grounded approach to doing (critical) discourse analysis of science journalism.
The crystal structure of hexaqua(μ2-3-(3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propanoato-1κ2
O,O′;2κO′)(3-(3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propanoato-κO)(3-(3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propanoato-κ2
O,O′)digadolinium(III) octahydrate, C60H76Gd2N18O32
Authors: Chen Qifan , Huang Fang , Quan Wenjing , Lu Yanhua , Zhang Fang , Liu Fei 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
C60H76N18O32Gd2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.560(5) Å, b = 31.243(5) Å, c = 12.383(4) Å, β = 116.51(3)°, V = 3656(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0470, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1013, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of ((1-((1-benzylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl)-3-ethyl-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)-κ2
C,N)dichloridopalladium(II), C17H23Cl2N3Pd
Authors: Qian Peng-Cheng 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
C17H23Cl2N3Pd, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 9.6460(18) Å, b = 13.883(3) Å, c = 14.520(3) Å, V = 1944.4(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0373, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0917, T = 298(2) K.
R‐spondin 1 and noggin facilitate expansion of resident stem cells from non‐damaged gallbladders
Authors: Lugli Natalia , Kamileri Irene , Keogh Adrian , Malinka Thomas , Sarris Michalis E , Talianidis Iannis , Schaad Olivier , Candinas Daniel , Stroka Deborah , Halazonetis Thanos D 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPioneering studies within the last few years have allowed the in vitro expansion of tissue‐specific adult stem cells from a variety of endoderm‐derived organs, including the stomach, small intestine, and colon. Expansion of these cells requires activation of the receptor Lgr5 by its ligand R‐spondin 1 and is likely facilitated by the fact that in healthy adults the stem cells in these organs are highly proliferative. In many other adult organs, such as the liver, proliferating cells are normally not abundant in adulthood. However, upon injury, the liver has a strong regenerative potential that is accompanied by the emergence of Lgr5‐positive stem cells; these cells can be isolated and expanded in vitro as organoids. In an effort to isolate stem cells from non‐regenerating mouse livers, we discovered that healthy gallbladders are a rich source of stem/progenitor cells that can be propagated in culture as organoids for more than a year. Growth of these organoids was stimulated by R‐spondin 1 and noggin, whereas in the absence of these growth factors, the organoids differentiated partially toward the hepatocyte fate. When transplanted under the liver capsule, gallbladder‐derived organoids maintained their architecture for 2 weeks. Furthermore, single cells prepared from dissociated organoids and injected into the mesenteric vein populated the liver parenchyma of carbon tetrachloride‐treated mice. Human gallbladders were also a source of organoid‐forming stem cells. Thus, under specific growth conditions, stem cells can be isolated from healthy gallbladders, expanded almost indefinitely in vitro, and induced to differentiate toward the hepatocyte lineage.
Changes In Higher Education: How To Address The Learning Needs Of The Latino Population
Authors: Harbrecht Armin , Neidermeyer Presha E. , Tuten Tracy L. 
Published: March 2016

Institutions of higher learning in the United States are facing challenges associated with changing demographics. Latino students are making up an increasing portion of the incoming student body than previously. The unique cultural characteristics of Latino students will require adaptations to the teaching techniques typically used in American business schools. The unique environment in business schools provides opportunities and challenges for Latino students and their instructors. We use Hofstede’s cultural classifications in order to map the characteristics of Latino students and suggest six business teaching suggestions designed to increase the learning outcomes for the Latino students.
Requiring Certain Physical Enhancements For Internet Courses: A Survey
Authors: Saunders Gary 
Published: March 2016

Use of the Internet continues to increase and new technology provides more and better communication options. A questionnaire was distributed to chairpersons of accounting departments to obtain their views on requiring some of these newer physical enhancements on a student’s computers when they register for an E course. Respondents strongly favored requiring students to provide a digital photo ID and audio capabilities when registering for an E course but rejected the idea of requiring them to provide a web cam that might be used for verifying their identity. They also tended to believe, even though they did not endorse requiring one, students should use a web cam when completing examinations on-line and that faculty should compare the photo ID with the web cam image. However, they do not believe that students should be required to use a web cam when completing homework assignments or that faculty should compare the photo ID with the web cam image. Overall accounting chairs endorse requiring the student who enrolls in an E course to obtain some existing technology and they expect the student to be prepared to spend more than $100 to obtain the technology
African-American Male Business Students Perspective Of Academic Advising: A Retention And Success Strategy
Authors: Abghari Siavash 
Published: March 2016

Academic advising is an essential component of any institution of higher education. Advisors and advisees work together to make an individual academic plan based on each student's weaknesses, strengths, and goals. The advising relationship is an on-going communication that transcends course selection and should attempt to assist students as they explore the breadths of the curriculum, experience college life, focus on a major concentration, and prepare for life after graduation. In order to improve advisement in the Business Administration Program at a Historically Black College, a questionnaire was developed and administered in various classes within the Program. The purpose was to identify possible weaknesses in academic advising and make necessary changes and adjustments to better serve the students’ needs and enhance retention and institutional effectiveness. This study identifies and indicates that students are significantly dissatisfied with the current advisement system in the Business Program at the College. Based upon findings of this investigation, recommendations are made to improve the advisement system.
Distance Learning In Accounting Courses From The Students Perspective (1999-2006)
Authors: Beaghan James P. 
Published: March 2016

Universities throughout the nation are faced with the reality of an increase in demand from placebound, adult working students who live and work in locations that may be hundreds of miles from traditional college campuses, and require a less centralized mode of course instruction. At the same time technological advances are now available that provide universities with a wide range of instructional modes of instruction that include interactive television (ITV) with real time audio and visual at a number of decentralized classroom sites, live and remote. Distance learning/distance education (DE) technologies currently allow an instructor to deliver university course instruction to several remote sites in real time via live ITV, while teaching a class to students in a traditional university classroom setting. While there are a growing number of studies on distance education, there are relatively few research studies on student satisfaction, with existing research showing mixed results (Anderson, Banks and Leary, 2002, Beaghan, 2006), and very little research on the effect of two-way ITV on university accounting and business course instruction (Arndt and Lafollette, 1991, Pirrong and Lathen, 1990, Seay and Milkman, 1994). University accounting course instruction may involve a number of different modes of instruction that include live instruction, online instruction and distance education. This research study looks at differences in student perception of value and satisfaction with quantitatively oriented courses delivered via ITV between groups of students in accounting courses taught between 1999 and 2006. Specifically this study looks at differences in attitudes between two groups of students, live and remote, and whether students who receive course instruction at remote sites via ITV perceive the same degree of value and satisfaction as do students receiving the same course instruction live and in real time.