bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stability of soil aggregates in tilled fallow areas in Hyderabad district, Pakistan
Authors: Tagar Ahmed , Adamowski Jan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Arid areas are particularly susceptible to soil erosion due to long dry periods and sudden heavy downpours. This study investigates the aggregate size distribution and aggregate stability of twelve tilled fallow areas of Hyderabad district, Sindh, Pakistan. This study determined aggregate size distribution by dry sieving to evaluate the seedbed condition and aggregate stability using wet sieving to assess the susceptibility of tilled fallow areas to soil erosion. The aggregate size distribution of the soils of the selected areas was highly variable. Gulistan-e-Sarmast had the largest number of clods (51.0%) followed by Kohsar (49.0%), Latifabad # 10 (41.10%) and Daman-e-Kohsar (39.0%). Fazal Sun City, the left side of the Indus River, the Village Nooral Detha and the left side of the Abdullah Sports city had a greater number of large (>8.0 mm) and small aggregates (<0.5 mm). The optimum aggregate size distribution was found in the left side of the channel, which had the largest number of aggregates (50.50%) in the 0.5–8.0 mm sieve size range. Maximum aggregate stability (AS) was found in Gulistan-e-Sarmast (46%), Kohsar (42%) and Latifabad # 10 (34%), while all other soils had minimum aggregate stability (<14%). The minimum aggregate stabilities demonstrate that the tilled fallow areas of Hyderabad district are highly susceptible to erosion. Therefore, the present study suggests investigating potential ways to enhance the aggregate stabilities of soils.
Jespersen Cycles on Malekula
Authors: Barbour Julie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn the indigenous languages of Malekula Island, members of Oceanic, diverse standard negation strategies have been identified, including double negation, simple preverbal negators, and simple postverbal negators. Individual languages may display more than one strategy. In this article, evidence from Malekula is considered for the typological hypothesis known as the Jespersen Cycle(s). Six standard negation strategies are described in detail and illustrated using data from a sample of Malekula languages. Here, the Jespersen Cycle hypothesis is employed to understand diversity in the synchronic patterning of standard negation in a comparative analysis of the sample: the diverse standard negation strategies found both language-internally and comparatively can be understood as iterations of the Jespersen Cycle(s).
Structural and electrical properties of barium titanate (BaTiO3) thin films obtained by spray pyrolysis method
Authors: Kumbhar S.S. , Mahadik M.A. , Chougule P.K. , Mohite V.S. , Hunge Y.M. , Rajpure K.Y. , Moholkar A.V. , Bhosale C.H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBarium titanate (BaTiO3) thin films have been prepared using the spray pyrolysis method. The films were deposited onto a glass substrate at varying substrate temperature ranging from 250 to 350 °C with the interval of 50 °C. The structural, morphological, electrical and dielectric properties of the deposited films have been studied. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the films with a cubic crystal structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed a good agreement of the thin films stoichiometry with BaTiO3. A presence of Ba, Ti and O in the BaTiO3 thin films was observed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the heterogeneous distribution of cubical grains all over the substrate. The grain size decreased with an increase in substrate temperature. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss showed the dispersion behaviour as a function of frequency, measured in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 1 MHz. The AC conductivity (σac) measurement showed the linear nature of obtained films, which confirms conduction mechanism due to small polarons. Impedance spectroscopy has been used to study the electrical behaviour of BaTiO3 ferroelectric thin films. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop has been recorded at room temperature.
Investigation on the preparation and mechanical properties of porous Cu35Ni15Cr alloy for a molten carbonate fuel cell
Authors: Li Cong , Chen Jian , Li Wei , Ren Yanjie , He Jianjun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe preparation process of porous Cu35Ni15Cr alloy was studied in this paper. The effect of ball milling time and sintering temperature on the porosity of Cu35Ni15Cr alloy was identified. It was found that 18 h ball milling and 950 °C sintering are the most promising parameters for the preparation of porous Cu35Ni15Cr alloy. The products have a ~62 % porosity. The alloy consists of an α phase and β phase. The influence of deformation temperature and loading rate on the mechanical properties of Cu35Ni15Cr alloys was investigated. The results show that with decreasing deformation temperature, the yield strength and elastic modulus of the porous alloy increase. With the increase of loading rate, the yield strength of these alloys shows an increasing trend, but the elastic modulus is on a steady level.
Crystal structure of (E)-3-(4-tert-butyl)phenyl)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, C18H17CIO
Authors: Dong Meng-Ya , Mei Xiang-Dong , Li Yao-Fa , Zhang Lan-Xiang , Pan Wen-Liang , Gao Zhan-Lin , Ning Jun 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
C18H17ClO, monoclinic, P21/c (No. 14), a = 5.9172(3) Å, b = 7.5758(6) Å, c = 33.1334(16) Å, β = 93.666(5)°, V = 1482.2(16) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0453, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1116, T = 180 K.
Surviving the Storm: Behavioural Economics in the Conflict Environment
Authors: Savage David A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWhile behavioural economics has become part of mainstream economic theory, showing systematic deviations from the standard homo economicius in normal environments, there has been little exploration of behaviour in the extreme – such as conflict, disasters or war zones. This has led to the underdevelopment of behavioural theory examining the choices or motivations of individuals within these environments, resulting in sub-optimal models and policy. This work provides an entry point for the application of behavioural economics within conflict zones, specifically the examination of decision-making of non-combatant individuals. Additionally, it provides insight into the related disaster research field, detailing current studies, overview methodological approaches, approaches and limitations. Concluding with a general discussion and potential implications for policy.
The Dynamics Of Time Series Of Real Estate Prices
Authors: Belej Miroslaw , Kulesza Slawomir 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The presented research aims to contribute to the concerns regarding the evolutionary dynamics of the real estate market, seen as an open system flowing from one equilibrium state into another. In such quasi-stable states, real estate markets are thought to change only slightly with elapsed time, but occasionally, a sudden jump, during which the markets undergo changes of structural origin, might occur as well. Hence, the paper contains an analysis of the dynamics of time series of housing prices in order to distinguish between processes of different time scales. Research was performed assuming a priori distributions of the variables, and using the autocorrelation function together with the partial autocorrelation function for detailed data analysis.
How Many Concepts of Intentionality?
Authors: Dąbrowski Andrzej 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The current discussion of the intentionality nature has become more sophisticated and complex. In this paper I will delineate a number of approaches to intentionality in contemporary philosophy: 1 mentalistic; 2 semantic / linguistic; 3 pragmatic; 4 somatic; 5 and naturalistic. Although philosophers identify and analyse many concepts of intentionality, from the author point of view, there is only one intentionality: mentalistic intentionality (conscious mental states are intentional). Furthermore, there are the pre-intentionality in the physical world and the meta-intentionality (or the derived intentionality) in the world of culture.
The Swarm Computing Approach to Business Intelligence
Authors: Schumann Andrew , Pancerz Krzysztof , Szelc Andrzej 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We have proposed to use some features of swarm behaviours in modelling business processes. Due to these features we deal with a propagation of business processes in all accessible directions. This propagation is involved into our formalization instead of communicating sequential processes. As a result, we have constructed a business process diagram language based on the swarm behavior and an extension of that language in the form of reflexive management language.
Flexural Behaviour Of Reinforced Concrete Beams Containing Expanded Glass As Lightweight Aggregates
Authors: Khatib Jamal , Jefimiuk Adrian , Khatib Sammy 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The flexural properties of reinforced concrete beams containing expanded glass as a partial fine aggregate (sand) replacement are investigated. Four concrete mixes were employed to conduct this study. The fine aggregate was replaced with 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% (by volume) expanded glass. The results suggest that the incorporation of 50% expanded glass increased the workability of the concrete. The compressive strength was decreasing linearly with the increasing amount of expanded glass. The ductility of the concrete beam significantly improved with the incorporation of the expanded glass. However, the load-carrying capacity of the beam and load at which the first crack occurs was reduced. It was concluded that the inclusion of expanded glass in structural concrete applications is feasible.
Estimation Of Young’s Modulus Of Elesticity By The Form Finding Of Grid Shell Structures By The Dynamic Relaxation Method
Authors: Grančičová Ivana , Brodniansky Ján 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The paper is basically focused on the process of form finding by the dynamic relaxation method (DRM) with the aid of computational tools that enable us to make many calculations with different inputs. There are many important input values with a significant impact on the course of the calculations and the resulting displacement of a structure. One of these values is Young’s modulus of elasticity. This value has a considerable impact on the final displacement of a grid shell structure and the resulting internal forces.
Co-infection of Primary Syphilis and HIV after a Single Exposure - a Case Report
Authors: Geleki Stamatina , Platsidaki Eftychia , Antoniou Christina , Paparizos Vasilios 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1- infected patients with syphilis are among the most important transmitters of HIV-1 infection due to biological effects of genital ulcerations, and aggravation due to their continued risky behavior. The association between primary syphilis and acute HIV-1 co-infection is not well documented, and reports on isolated cases are raising special interest and indicate that this double primary co-infection may occur. We present a case of a 31-year-old man with no past medical history who presented with fever, papular rash on the face which lasted for a few days, and a single genital ulcer. He was diagnosed with primary syphilis and primary HIV-1 infection after a single exposure with an infected female sex worker. Male-to-female HIV transmission during vaginal intercourse is significantly more likely than female-to-male HIV transmission. However, high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among female sex workers contributed to high HIV transmission probability, as in our case.
As far as the available world literature is concerned, this is the first case of co-infection of primary syphilis and HIV.
Entropy-Based Algorithms in the Analysis of Biomedical Signals
Authors: Borowska Marta 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Biomedical signals are frequently noisy and incomplete. They produce complex and high-dimensional data sets. In these mentioned cases, the results of traditional methods of signal processing can be skewed by noise or interference present in the signal. Information entropy, as a measure of disorder or uncertainty in the data, was introduced by Shannon. To date, many different types of entropy methods have appeared with many different application areas. The purpose of this paper is to present a short overview of some methods of entropy analysis and to discuss their suitability for use in the analysis of biomedical signals.
The Use of Cluster Analysis for Non-Continuous Variables in the Assessment of Dietary Behaviours and Physical Activities in Primary School Children
Authors: Zalewska Magdalena , Genowska Agnieszka , Jamiołkowski Jacek , Nowak Rafał , Szpak Andrzej , Maciorkowska Elżbieta 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Physical activity, along with proper nutrition, is a very important element in child development. Lack of everyday, regular physical activity among young people is a public health problem. The aim of the study was to use cluster analysis to assess the relationship between nutrition and physical activity levels of primary school children. The study included 682 students from randomly selected elementary schools and was performed using a proprietary questionnaire during the 2013/2014 school year. The questionnaire contained questions about eating habits and physical activity, as well as the socio-economic conditions of families. Clusters of students of similar dietary habits were identified using cluster analysis and subsequently compared in terms of physical activity level. We identified four clusters, characterized by relative internal homogeneity and at the same time variability between one another in terms of number of meals throughout the day and time of their consumption. The most important characteristic of Cluster 1 was eating four meals a day including breakfast, which is the most important meal of the day. The diets of children in Cluster 2 abounded with raw vegetables and fruits. Students in Cluster 3 were characterized by a regular and varied diet. The least appropriate behaviour in the field of nutrition was observed among students belonging to Cluster 4. Cluster analysis in the studied population allowed relationships between dietary habits and physical activity to be described. By using the UIAF indicator (Moderate to Intense Physical Activity), a statistically significant association between the eating habits of the children and their physical activity levels was observed. A sufficient level of physical activity was observed in most students belonging to Cluster 3, and high levels of physical activity were observed in a small percentage of children belonging Cluster 4. An average level of physical activity was observed in a high percentage of children belonging to Cluster 4. Low levels of physical activity were most frequently observed in Clusters 4 and 1 and least frequently observed in Cluster 3. All of the identified active forms of free-time activity were most commonly acknowledged in Cluster 3. The study supports a beneficial relationship between students’ eating behaviours and physical activity.
The Computer-Assisted Web Interview Method as Used in the National Study of ICT Use in Primary Healthcare in Poland – Reflections on a Case Study
Authors: Sowa Paweł , Pędziński Bartosz , Krzyżak Michalina , Maślach Dominik , Wójcik Sylwia , Szpak Andrzej 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The development and widespread use of ICT in society are reflected by the way research is designed and conducted. The Computer Assisted Web Interview method is becoming more attractive and is a frequently used method in health sciences. The National Study of ICT Use in Primary Healthcare in Poland was conducted using this method. The aim of this paper is to present the major advantages and disadvantages of web surveys. Technical aspects of methodology and important stages of the aforementioned study, as well as key elements for its procedure, are mentioned. The authors also provide reflections based on their analysis of this national study, conducted between January and April 2014.
Using 2D and 3D Computer Games to Detect Colorblindness – a Comparative Study
Authors: Laskowski Maciej 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Computer games have accompanied the development of computer technologies since the very beginning. Despite their basic, purely entertainment-targeted appliance, games can also be used for many other purposes. Medical applications are especially interesting, as games (especially different kinds of simulations) are widely used for training personnel, e.g. to perform certain procedures or in learning to use equipment. This allows the trainees to gain knowledge and proper habits, as well as test themselves in different situations without any risk. Computer games can also be used as a diagnostic tool, although this topic is still insufficiently researched. This paper discusses the possibility of using serious games for diagnosing color vision disorders, focusing especially on two problems: differences in diagnosing colorblindness using 2D and 3D environments, and the influence of individual features, such as reflex or agility, on the diagnostic process.
CFD Simulation Of Air-Flow Over A „Quarter-Circular” Object Valided By Experimental Measurement
Authors: Králik Juraj , Hubová Oľga , Konečná Lenka 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A Computer-Fluid-Dynamic (CFD) simulation of air-flow around quarter-circular object using commercial software ANSYS Fluent was used to study iteration of building to air-flow. Several, well know transient turbulence models were used and results were compared to experimental measurement of this object in Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel (BLWT) of Slovak University of Technology (SUT) in Bratislava. Main focus of this article is to compare pressure values from CFD in three different elevations, which were obtained from experimental measurement. Polyhedral mesh type was used in the simulation. Best results on the windward face elevations were obtained using LES turbulence model, where the averaged difference was around 7.71 %. On the leeward face elevations it was SAS turbulence model and averaged differences from was 15.91 %. On the circular face it was SAS turbulence model and averaged differences from all elevations was 12.93 %.
Analytical Simplify Models Of The Key Elements In The Alternative Load Path Within The Frame In Accidental Situation
Authors: Luu Nguyen Nam Hai 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The present document is dedicated to global behavior of a frame further to the loss of a column, taking into account the redistribution of the internal forces. Structural elements, transfer the load to the foundation, are isolated as key elements. Two possible alternative load paths in the investigated event are described. The proposal on the local investigation of the important sub structure instead of full global frame’s assessment reveal the internal forces distribution along the alternative load path is demonstrated.
Buckling And Postbuckling Of An Imperfect Plate Subjected To The Shear Load
Authors: Psotný Martin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The stability analysis of an imperfect plate subjected to the shear load is presented. To solve this problem, a specialized computer program based on FEM has been created. The nonlinear finite element method equations are derived from the variational principle of minimum of total potential energy. To obtain the nonlinear equilibrium paths, the Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm is used. Corresponding levels of the total potential energy are defined. Special attention is paid to the influence of imperfections on the post-critical buckling mode. Obtained results are compared with those gained using ANSYS system.
Deutsche Wissenschaftler als Erfinder von „Agent Orange“?
Authors: Lindemann Mechthild 
Published: January 2016

Vorspann
Im Vietnamkrieg entlaubten die Amerikaner riesige Dschungelgebiete, sie wollten damit dem Vietcong Tarnungs- und Rückzugsräume nehmen. Das verwendete Herbizid „Agent Orange“ erwies sich indes als hoch toxisch. Nicht nur unzählige Vietnamesen, auch US-Soldaten erlitten dadurch schwere gesundheitliche Schäden, die sie zu juristischen Klagen auf Entschädigung veranlassten. In diesem Zusammenhang wirft eine Anfrage des Pentagon an das Auswärtige Amt aus dem Jahr 1983 Fragen auf: Haben deutsche Wissenschaftler, gar solche mit NS-Vergangenheit, das Gift entwickelt? Und wusste die US-Regierung vorab um die Wirkung von „Agent Orange“? Mechthild Lindemann hat sich auf eine akribische Spurensuche gemacht.
Factors predicting pasireotide responsiveness in somatotroph pituitary adenomas resistant to first-generation somatostatin analogues: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Iacovazzo Donato , Carlsen Eivind , Lugli Francesca , Chiloiro Sabrina , Piacentini Serena , Bianchi Antonio , Giampietro Antonella , Mormando Marilda , Clear Andrew J , Doglietto Francesco , Anile Carmelo , Maira Giulio , Lauriola Libero , Rindi Guido , Roncaroli Federico , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Korbonits Márta , De Marinis Laura 
Published: January 2016

AimTo gather data regarding factors predicting responsiveness to pasireotide in acromegaly.Patients and methodsSSTR2a, SSTR3, SSTR5, AIP, Ki-67 and the adenoma subtype were evaluated in somatotroph adenomas from 39 patients treated post-operatively with somatostatin analogues (SSAs). A standardized SSTR scoring system was applied (scores 0–3). All patients received first-generation SSAs, and 11 resistant patients were subsequently treated with pasireotide LAR.ResultsNone of the patients with negative or cytoplasmic-only SSTR2a expression (scores 0–1) were responsive to first-generation SSAs, as opposed to 20% (score 2) and 50% of patients with a score of 3 (P=0.04). None of the patients with an SSTR5 score of 0–1 were responsive to pasireotide, as opposed to 5/7 cases with a score of 2 or 3 (P=0.02). SSTR3 expression did not influence first-generation SSAs or pasireotide responsiveness. Tumours with low AIP were resistant to first-generation SSAs (100 vs 60%; P=0.02), while they had similar responsiveness to pasireotide compared to tumours with conserved AIP expression (50 vs 40%; P=0.74). Tumours with low AIP displayed reduced SSTR2 (SSTR2a scores 0–1 44.4 vs 6.7%; P=0.006) while no difference was seen in SSTR5 (SSTR5 scores 0–1 33.3 vs 23.3%; P=0.55). Sparsely granulated adenomas responded better to pasireotide compared to densely granulated ones (80 vs 16.7%; P=0.04).ConclusionThe expression of SSTR5 might predict responsiveness to pasireotide in acromegaly. AIP deficient and sparsely granulated adenomas may benefit from pasireotide treatment. These results need to be confirmed in larger series of pasireotide-treated patients.