bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feed and fuel: the dual‐purpose advantage of an industrial sweetpotato
Authors: Mussoline Wendy A , Wilkie Ann C 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDSustainable agricultural systems must support nutritional requirements, meet the energy demands of a growing population, preserve environmental resources and mitigate climate change. The sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a high‐yielding crop that requires minimal fertilization and irrigation, and the CX‐1 industrial cultivar offers superior potential for feed and fuel.RESULTSCX‐1 had the highest agronomic fresh vine yield (51.5 t ha−1), averaged over two cropping seasons, compared with Hernandez (33.7) and Beauregard (21.8) varieties. CX‐1 vines were more nutritional than the table varieties, specifically in regard to relative feed value (205), water‐soluble carbohydrates (171 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)), total digestible nutrients (643 g kg−1 DM), metabolizable energy (10.2 MJ kg−1 DM) and organic matter digestibility. Their lower fiber and lignin concentrations contributed to their freshness and digestibility throughout maturity. Significantly higher iron concentrations make the CX‐1 vines a valuable, low‐fat iron supplement for animal feed. The CX‐1 roots also showed the highest bioethanol potential (82.3 g ethanol kg−1 fresh root) compared to Hernandez (64.5) and Beauregard (48.1).CONCLUSIONThe CX‐1 industrial sweetpotato is an ideal dual‐purpose crop for tropical/subtropical climates that can be utilized as a non‐grain‐based feedstock for bioethanol production while contributing a valuable, high‐yielding nutritional supplement for animal feed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Acceleration‐selective arterial spin labeling for intracranial MR angiography with improved visualization of cortical arteries and suppression of cortical veins
Authors: Obara Makoto , Togao Osamu , Yoneyama Masami , Okuaki Tomoyuki , Shibukawa Shuhei , Honda Hiroshi , Van Cauteren Marc 
Published: July 2016

PurposeA new approach for intracranial MR angiography (MRA) is introduced, using acceleration‐selective arterial spin labeling (AccASL). The aim of this study was to investigate the arterial visualization and venous suppression using AccASL.MethodsIntracranial MRA images obtained by AccASL and time‐of‐flight (TOF) were compared in seven healthy volunteers and one patient with occlusion of the terminal portion of the left internal carotid artery. The volunteer images were assessed by measuring the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) between the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and white matter (WM) and between the confluence of sinuses and WM. Additionally, visualized peripheral arteries were counted and qualitative scoring of the MCA visualization and vein signal contamination was conducted.ResultsThe CNR at the M4 branch and the number of visualized arteries was significantly higher using AccASL compared with that in TOF (P < 0.05). In the qualitative comparison, the score for artery visualization was higher using AccASL (P < 0.05), while minimizing signal contamination by cortical veins. Additionally, in patient examination, the collateral flow visualization was better with AccASL.ConclusionAccASL enables better efficiency for visualizing peripheral arteries compared with TOF, while suppressing cortical vein signal. Magn Reson Med 77:1996–2004, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Slope stability analysis using evolutionary optimization techniques
Authors: Gandomi A.H. , Kashani A.R. , Mousavi M. , Jalalvandi M. 
Published: July 2016

SummarySlope stability optimization, in the presence of a band of a weak layer between two strong layers, is accounted for in complicated geotechnical problems. Classical optimization algorithms are not suitable for solving such problems as they need a proper preliminary solution to converge to a valid result. Therefore, it is necessary to find a proper algorithm which is capable of finding the best global solution. Recently a lot of metaheuristic algorithms have been proposed which are able to evade local minima effectively. In this study four evolutionary algorithms, including well‐known and recent ones, such as genetic algorithm, differential evolution, evolutionary strategy and biogeography‐based optimization (BBO), are applied in slope stability analysis and their efficiencies are explored by three benchmark case studies. Result show BBO is the most efficient among these evolutionary algorithms and other proposed algorithms applied to this problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Virtual Reality‐based Bilateral Upper Extremity Training on Upper Extremity Function after Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Lee Suhyun , Kim Yumi , Lee Byoung‐Hee 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of virtual reality‐based bilateral upper extremity training (VRBT) on paretic upper limb function and muscle strength in patients with stroke. Eighteen stroke survivors were assigned to either the VRBT group (n = 10) or the bilateral upper limb training group (BT, n = 8). Patients in the VRBT group performed bilateral upper extremity exercises in a virtual reality environment, whereas those in the BT group performed conventional bilateral upper extremity exercises. All training was conducted for 30 minutes day−1, 3 days a week, for a period of 6 weeks. Patients were assessed for upper extremity function and hand strength. Compared with the BT group, the VRBT group exhibited significant improvements in upper extremity function and muscle strength (p < 0.05) after the 6‐week training programme. The Box and Block test results revealed that upper extremity function and elbow flexion in hand strength were significantly improved in terms of group, time and interaction effect of group by time. Furthermore, the VRBT group demonstrated significant improvements in upper extremity function, as measured by the Jebsen Hand Function Test and Grooved Pegboard test, and in the hand strength test, as measured by elbow extension, grip, palmar pinch, lateral pinch and tip pinch, in both time and the interaction effect of group by time. These results suggest that VRBT is a feasible and beneficial means of improving upper extremity function and muscle strength in individuals following stroke. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The environmental impact of lightweight HCPV modules: efficient design and effective deployment
Authors: Sandwell Philip , Duggan Geoffrey , Nelson Jenny , Ekins‐Daukes Ned 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe present a life cycle analysis of a lightweight design of high concentration photovoltaic module. The materials and processes used in construction are considered to assess the total environmental impact of the module construction in terms of the cumulative energy demand and embodied greenhouse gas emissions, which were found to be 355.3 MJ and 27.9 kgCO2eq respectively. We consider six potential deployment locations and the system energy payback times are calculated to be 0.22–0.33 years whilst the greenhouse gas payback times are 0.29–0.88 years. The emission intensities over the lifetimes of the systems are found to be 6.5–9.8 g CO2eq/kWh, lower than those of other HCPV, PV and CSP technologies in similar locations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Avoided ferromagnetic quantum critical point: Antiferromagnetic ground state in substituted CeFePO
Authors: Jesche A. , Ballé T. , Kliemt K. , Geibel C. , Brando M. , Krellner C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe have investigated single crystals of two substitution series Ce(Ru1−x Fex)PO and CeFe(As1−y Py)O in the vicinity to the quantum critical material CeFePO by means of magnetic‐susceptibility and specific‐heat measurements. We observe an antiferromagnetic ground state in the vicinity of the quantum critical point, with pronounced metamagnetic transitions for , which is the magnetically hard direction. Our results verify that a ferromagnetic quantum critical point is avoided in substituted CeFePO, because we clearly demonstrate that the ferromagnetic ground state changes into an antiferromagnetic one, when approaching the quantum critical point.Temperature–substitution phase diagram of the series Ce(Ru1−x Fex)PO and CeFe(As1−y Py)O.
Aiming at an accurate prediction of vibrational and electronic spectra for medium‐to‐large molecules: An overview
Authors: Bloino Julien , Baiardi Alberto , Biczysko Malgorzata 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this tutorial review, we present some effective methodologies available for the simulation of vibrational and vibrationally resolved electronic spectra of medium‐to‐large molecules. They have been integrated into a unified platform and extended to support a wide range of spectroscopies. The resulting tool is particularly useful in assisting the extensive characterization of molecules, often achieved by combining multiple types of measurements. A correct assessment of the reliability of theoretical calculations is a necessary prelude to the interpretation of their results. For this reason, the key concepts of the underlying theories will be first presented and then illustrated through the study of thiophene and its smallest oligomer, bithiophene. While doing so, a complete computational protocol will be detailed, with emphasis on the strengths and potential shortcomings of the models employed here. Guidelines are also provided for performing similar studies on different molecular systems, with comments on the more common pitfalls and ways to overcome them. Finally, extensions to other cases, like chiral spectroscopies or mixtures, are also discussed.
Computational electrochemistry of doped graphene as electrocatalytic material in fuel cells
Authors: Fazio Gianluca , Ferrighi Lara , Perilli Daniele , Di Valentin Cristiana 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this work, we present an overview on how density functional theory calculations can be used to design novel electrocatalytic materials for fuel cells. In particular, we focus the attention on non‐metal doped graphene systems, which were reported to present excellent performances as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathodic electrode of fuel cells and are, thus, considered promising substitutes of platinum or platinum alloys electrodes. The methodology, originally proposed by Nørskov et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 17886) for electrochemical processes at metal electrodes, is revisited and applied specifically to doped graphene. Finite molecular models of graphene are found to perform as well as periodic models for localized properties or reactions. Therefore, the sophisticated molecular quantum mechanics methodologies can be safely used to compute reliable Gibbs free energies of reaction in an aqueous environment for the various steps of reduction (at the cathode) or of oxidation (at the anode). Details of the reaction mechanisms and accurate cell onset‐ or over‐potentials can be derived from the Gibbs free energy diagrams. The latter are computational quantities which can be directly compared to experimentally obtained cell overpotentials. Modeling electrocatalysis at fuel cells is, thus, an extremely powerful and convenient tool to improve our understanding of how fuel cells work and to design novel potentially active electrocatalytic materials. In this work, we present two specific applications of B‐doped graphene, as electrocatalysts for the ORR at a half‐cell cathode and for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) at a half‐cell anode.
Magnetic Hybrid Carbon via Graphitization of Polystyrene–co‐Divinylbenzene: Morphology, Structure and Adsorption Properties
Authors: Cesano Federico , Rahman Mastabur M. , Bardelli Fabrizio , Damin Alessandro , Scarano Domenica 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMultilayer graphitic nanosheets/nanoshells have been obtained via pyrolysis at 850 °C of poly(4‐ethylstyrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) (PS‐co‐DVB) by inflowing Fe(II)‐acetylacetonate (Fe(ACAC)2) into the pores of the polymer. Iron‐free PS‐co‐DVB was also pyrolyzed at the same temperature, thus highlighting the effective role of the catalyst in promoting the graphitization at relatively moderate temperatures. It will be shown that under longer annealing times at 850 °C in presence of Fe3C and α‐Fe the carbon precursor undergoes an extensive graphitization as compared to the iron‐free material. Catalyst nanoparticles were found to be encapsulated into graphitic nanoshells providing effective barriers to the oxidation processes, thus preserving the magnetic properties. On the other hands, the metallic nanoparticles can be oxidized under environmental conditions, with negative effects on the magnetic properties, which points out the need to preserve the material for applications. The hybrid multilayer graphitic carbon, tested in magnetically driven adsorption experiments of methylene blue dye, can find application in the water purification processes.
Hydrogenation of Imines Catalyzed by 2‐(Aminomethyl)pyridine‐Based Ruthenium and Osmium Complexes
Authors: Solinas Maurizio , Sechi Barbara , Baldino Salvatore , Baratta Walter , Chelucci Giorgio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCNN pincer ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) complexes of general formula RuCl(CNN)(dppb) (1 a‐c) and OsCl(CNN)(dppb) (2 a,b) (dppb=Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2, HCNN=[6‐(p‐tolyl)‐2‐pyridyl]methylamine (4), N‐methyl‐[6‐(p‐tolyl)‐2‐pyridyl]methylamine (7) and N,N‐dimethyl‐[6‐(p‐tolyl)‐2‐pyridyl]methylamine (8)) were prepared and assessed as catalysts in the hydrogenation of a variety of imines. Among the examined complexes, the Ru‐complex 1 a, RuCl(4)(dppb), showed the best activity, reducing N‐aryl and N‐alkyl imines to the related amines in high yields (up to 100 %) with a catalyst loading of 0.1‐1 mol% and under mild conditions (5 atm H2, 40‐70 °C). The Os‐complexes exhibited a lower activity than their ruthenium analogues. Despite this, the Os‐complex 2 a, OsCl(4)(dppb), was successful in the reduction of N‐benzylideneaniline at 70 °C, affording a rare example of application of osmium complexes in the catalytic hydrogenation of imines.
CFD Simulations of Mixing Characteristics of Radial Impellers in Cylindrical Reactors
Authors: Ameur Houari , Kamla Youcef , Sahel Djamel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMixing of complex fluids in a flat bottomed cylindrical reactor is studied. The working fluid (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC)) has a shear thinning behavior. The agitation is ensured by a rotating mixer located at the central position in the tank. The main purpose of the present work is to compare the performance of three impellers, which are: a disk impeller, a radial turbine with six flat blades and a six‐blade Rushton turbine. Mixing characteristics in terms of velocities, well‐mixed region and energy consumption are presented. The obtained results show that the Rushton turbine performs better than the two others stirrers investigated.
Heterocovariance Based Metabolomics as a Powerful Tool Accelerating Bioactive Natural Product Identification
Authors: Aligiannis Nektarios , Halabalaki Maria , Chaita Eliza , Kouloura Eirini , Argyropoulou Aikaterini , Benaki Dimitra , Kalpoutzakis Eleftherios , Angelis Apostolis , Stathopoulou Konstantina , Antoniou Stavroula , Sani Maria , Krauth Verena , Werz Oliver , Schütz Birk , Schäfer Hartmut , Spraul Manfred , Mikros Emmanuel , Skaltsounis Leandros A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe discovery of new active natural products is hampered by laborious purification processes that often end up to the re‐isolation of known compounds. We demonstrate here that, spectral data reflecting concentration fluctuations of components can correlate statistically with measurable dose‐dependent properties on the basis of a Heterocovariance approach deconvoluting the active components structure. Variance of extract constituents was achieved through statistically meaningful collections of plants from different families, genus, and species. This fluctuation was also obtained through the fractionation of a single plant extract by separation techniques. The NMR and HRMS spectra of the extracts and fractions were recorded, as well as their ability to inhibit tyrosinase or 5‐lipoxygenase enzymes. Biological activity was statistically correlated with spectral data deciphering the active compounds through the Heterocovariance approach prior to any purification.
NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange of Sulfur‐Heterocyclic Compounds Found In Petroleum
Authors: Shchepin Roman V. , Barskiy Danila A. , Coffey Aaron M. , Goodson Boyd M. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNMR hyperpolarization via Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) was employed to investigate the feasibility of enhancing the NMR detection sensitivity of sulfur‐heterocycles (specifically 2‐methylthiophene and dibenzothiophenes), a family of compounds typically found in petroleum and refined petroleum products. SABRE hyperpolarization of sulfur‐heterocycles (conducted in seconds) offers potential advantages of providing structural information about sulfur‐containing contaminants in petroleum, thereby informing petroleum purification and refining to minimize sulfur content in refined products such as gasoline. Moreover, NMR spectroscopy sensitivity gains endowed by hyperpolarization potentially allows for performing structural assays using inexpensive, low‐magnetic‐field (ca. 1 T) high‐resolution NMR spectrometers ideally suited for industrial applications in the field.
Roveacrinida (Crinoidea,Articulata) from theSantonian–Maastrichtian (UpperCretaceous) ofEngland, theUS GulfCoast (Texas,Mississippi) and southernSweden
Authors: Gale Andrew Scott 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAbundant new material ofRoveacrinida from the upperSantonian and lowerCampanian chalk of southernEngland, the lowerCampanianTaylorFormation ofTexas, theMaastrichtianPrairieBluffFormation ofMississippi and the lowerCampanian rocky shoreline deposits ofIvöKlack, southernSweden is described. TheSaccocomidae, subfamilySaccocominae, are represented byCostatocrinusgen. nov., with included speciesC. brydoneisp. nov. (type species) andC. mortimoreisp. nov. TheSaccocomidae, subfamilyApplinocrininae, genusApplinocrinus, includesA. cretaceus(Bather),A. texanusPeck andA. russellisp. nov.Sagittacrinusgen. nov. (type species:S. torpedosp. nov.) is represented only by highly distinctive primibrachials. The ‘ventral cover plates’ ofApplinocrininae are re‐interpreted as modified brachials.Roveacrinidae (Roveacrininae) is represented byRoveacrinus communisDouglas,R. bairstowiPeck andJakeocrinusgen. nov. (type species:J. ellisensissp. nov.). A new subfamily,Hessicrininae, characterized particularly by skeletal reduction through the development of fenestrae and foramina, and many with long processes from radials and basals, is established forPlatelicrinusDestombes &Breton,Lucernacrinusgen. nov. (type species:L. woodisp. nov.),Hessicrinusgen. nov. (type species:H. filigreesp. nov.; alsoH. scalaensissp. nov.),Stellacrinusgen. nov. (type species:S. hugesaesp. nov.; and formacristatusnov.),S. pannosussp. nov., and the aberrantCultellacrinusgen. nov.,which lacks arms (type species:C. gladiussp. nov.). TheSantonian–Maastrichtian roveacrinids represent a fourth and final radiation of the family. Cladistic analysis of theHessicrininae subfam. nov. supports the monophyly of the subfamily, and indicates that the most derived taxa areStellacrinusgen. nov. andCultellacrinusgen. nov. From adaptive morphological data, patterns of distribution and palaeoenvironmental information, it is concluded that these crinoids lived as mesoplankton. The short ranges and wide geographical distribution offer considerable biostratigraphical potential.
Prioritizing manual test cases in rapid release environments
Authors: Hemmati Hadi , Fang Zhihan , Mäntylä Mika V. , Adams Bram 
Published: July 2016

SummaryTest case prioritization is an important testing activity, in practice, specially for large scale systems. The goal is to rank the existing test cases in a way that they detect faults as soon as possible, so that any partial execution of the test suite detects the maximum number of defects for the given budget. Test prioritization becomes even more important when the test execution is time consuming, for example, manual system tests versus automated unit tests. Most existing test case prioritization techniques are based on code coverage, which requires access to source code. However, manual testing is mainly performed in a black‐box manner (manual testers do not have access to the source code). Therefore, in this paper, the existing test case prioritization techniques (e.g. diversity‐based and history‐based techniques) are examined and modified to be applicable on manual black‐box system testing. An empirical study on four older releases of desktop Firefox showed that none of the techniques were strongly dominating the others in all releases. However, when nine more recent releases of desktop Firefox, where the development has been moved from a traditional to a more agile and rapid release environment, were studied, a very significant difference between the history‐based approach and its alternatives was observed. The higher effectiveness of the history‐based approach compared with alternatives also held on 28 additional rapid releases of other Firefox projects – mobile Firefox and tablet Firefox. The conclusion of the paper is that test cases in rapid release environments can be very effectively prioritized for execution, based on their historical failure knowledge. In particular, it is the recency of historical knowledge that explains its effectiveness in rapid release environments rather than other changes in the process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The $$\upalpha +\upvarepsilon $$ Two-Phase Equilibrium in the Fe-N-C System: Experimental Investigations and Thermodynamic Calculations
Authors: Göhring HOLGER , Leineweber ANDREAS , Mittemeijer ERIC JAN 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The present work is dedicated to investigating the occurrence of the

$$\upalpha +\upvarepsilon $$

α
+
ε

equilibrium at temperatures typically applied for nitrocarburizing treatments. To this end, pearlitic Fe-C specimens were treated between 823 K and 863 K (550 °C and 590 °C) in gaseous nitriding and gaseous nitrocarburizing atmospheres, allowing control of the chemical potentials of N and C. Subsequently, the resulting compound-layer microstructures were investigated using light microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Thermodynamic calculations, adopting several models for the Fe-N-C system from the literature, were performed, showing significantly different predictions for both the sequence of the invariant reactions and their temperatures. Comparison of the experimental data and the theoretical calculations led to the conclusion that none of the models from the literature is able to realistically describe the experimentally observed constitution in the Fe-N-C system in the considered temperature range. Values/value ranges for the temperatures of the invariant reactions were obtained.
Self-Inflicted Nailgun-Induced Penetrating Penile Injury: Case Report and Discussion
Authors: Hernandez Jeremy Mark , Hamilton David , Upadhye Suneel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPenetrating penile injuries occur mostly in industrial/work accidents, automobile accidents, or as a result of sexual curiosity and attempts at self-expression/mutilation. In this case report, the authors describe an accidental nailgun injury to the penis of a 46-year-old man. We discuss the management of such injuries in the emergency department, including the utility of a dorsal penile block for regional anesthesia. Although exceptionally rare, familiarity with penetrating lower urinary tract injuries may reduce their long-term repercussions on genitourinary and sexual health.