bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Could multiple voids explain the cosmic microwave background Cold Spot anomaly?
Authors: Naidoo Krishna , Benoit-Lévy Aurélien , Lahav Ofer 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Understanding the observed Cold Spot (CS, temperature of ∼ − 150 μK at its centre) on the cosmic microwave background is an outstanding problem. Explanations vary from assuming it is just a ≳3σ primordial Gaussian fluctuation to the imprint of a supervoid via the Integrated Sachs–Wolfe and Rees–Sciama (ISW+RS) effects. Since single spherical supervoids cannot account for the full profile, the ISW+RS of multiple line-of-sight voids is studied here to mimic the structure of the cosmic web. Two structure configurations are considered. The first, through simulations of 20 voids, produces a central mean temperature of ∼ − 50 μK. In this model the central CS temperature lies at ∼2σ but fails to explain the CS hot ring. An alternative multivoid model (using more pronounced compensated voids) produces much smaller temperature profiles, but contains a prominent hot ring. Arrangements containing closely placed voids at low redshift are found to be particularly well suited to produce CS-like profiles. We then measure the significance of the CS if CS-like profiles (which are fitted to the ISW+RS of multivoid scenarios) are removed. The CS tension with the Λ cold dark matter model can be reduced dramatically for an array of temperature profiles smaller than the CS itself.
Influence of Diaphragmatic Motion on Inferior Vena Cava Diameter Respiratory Variations in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Gignon Lucile , Roger Claire , Bastide Sophie , Alonso Sandrine , Zieleskiewicz Laurent , Quintard Hervé , Zoric Lana , Bobbia Xavier , Raux Mathieu , Leone Marc , Lefrant Jean-Yves , Muller Laurent 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAbstract
In 52 spontaneously breathing healthy adults, respiratory variation of collapsibility of central vena cava (cIVC) was associated with inspiratory effort and diaphragmatic motion. This study identified a gray zone of the diaphragmatic motion ranging from 25 to 43 mm for predicting cIVC more than or equal to 40%. This study suggests, although not tested, inaccuracy of cIVC for determining fluid responsiveness when the diaphragmatic motion is more than 25 mm.

Background
The collapsibility index of inferior vena cava (cIVC) is widely used to decide fluid infusion in spontaneously breathing intensive care unit patients. The authors hypothesized that high inspiratory efforts may induce false-positive high cIVC values. This study aims at determining a value of diaphragmatic motion recorded by echography that could predict a high cIVC (more than or equal to 40%) in healthy volunteers.

Methods
The cIVC and diaphragmatic motions were recorded for three levels of inspiratory efforts. Right and left diaphragmatic motions were defined as the maximal diaphragmatic excursions. Receiver operating characteristic curves evaluated the performance of right diaphragmatic motion to predict a cIVC more than or equal to 40% defining the best cutoff value.

Results
Among 52 included volunteers, interobserver reproducibility showed a generalized concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) above 0.9 for all echographic parameters. Right diaphragmatic motion correlated with cIVC (r = 0.64, P < 0.0001). Univariate analyses did not show association between cIVC and age, sex, weight, height, or body mass index. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for cIVC more than or equal to 40% was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.93). The best diaphragmatic motion cutoff was 28 mm (Youden Index, 0.65) with sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 77%. The gray zone area was 25 to 43 mm.

Conclusions
Inferior vena cava collapsibility is affected by diaphragmatic motion. During low inspiratory effort, diaphragmatic motion was less than 25 mm and predicted a cIVC less than 40%. During maximal inspiratory effort, diaphragmatic motion was more than 43 mm and predicted a cIVC more than 40%. When diaphragmatic motion ranged from 25 to 43 mm, no conclusion on cIVC value could be done.
Irisin Increased the Number and Improved the Function of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Diabetes Mellitus Mice
Authors: Zhu Guangxu , Wang Jinxiang , Song Mingbao , Zhou Fang , Fu Dagan , Ruan Guangping , Zhu Xiangqing , Bai Yinyin , Huang Lan , Pang Rongqing , Kang Huali , Pan Xinghua 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
The dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) was found to be associated with vascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Previous studies found that regular exercise could improve the function of EPCs in DM patients, but the underling mechanism was unclear. Irisin, a newly identified myokine, was induced by exercise and has been demonstrated to mediate some of the positive effects of exercise. In this study, we hypothesize that irisin may have direct effects on EPC function in DM mice. These data showed for the first time that irisin increased the number of EPCs in peripheral blood of DM mice and improved the function of EPCs derived from DM mice bone marrow. The mechanism for the effect of irisin is related to the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Furthermore, irisin was demonstrated to improve endothelial repair in DM mice that received EPC transplants after carotid artery injury. The results of this study indicate a novel effect of irisin in regulating the number and function of EPCs via the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway, suggesting a potential for the administration of exogenous irisin as a succedaneum to improve EPC function in diabetic patients who fail to achieve such improvements through regular exercise.
Mean Platelet Volume, Red Cell Distribution Width to Platelet Count Ratio, Globulin Platelet Index, and 16 Other Indirect Noninvasive Fibrosis Scores
Authors: Thandassery Ragesh B. , Al Kaabi Saad , Soofi Madiha E. , Mohiuddin Syed A. , John Anil K. , Al Mohannadi Muneera , Al Ejji Khalid , Yakoob Rafie , Derbala Moutaz F. , Wani Hamidullah , Sharma Manik , Al Dweik Nazeeh , Butt Mohammed T. , Kamel Yasser M. , Sultan Khaleel , Pasic Fuad , Singh Rajvir 
Published: March 2016

Background and Aim:
Many indirect noninvasive scores to predict liver fibrosis are calculated from routine blood investigations. Only limited studies have compared their efficacy head to head. We aimed to compare these scores with liver biopsy fibrosis stages in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Materials and Methods:
From blood investigations of 1602 patients with chronic hepatitis C who underwent a liver biopsy before initiation of antiviral treatment, 19 simple noninvasive scores were calculated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves and diagnostic accuracy of each of these scores were calculated (with reference to the Scheuer staging) and compared.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 41.8±9.6 years (1365 men). The most common genotype was genotype 4 (65.6%). Significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis were seen in 65.1%, 25.6, and 6.6% of patients, respectively. All the scores except the aspartate transaminase (AST) alanine transaminase ratio, Pohl score, mean platelet volume, fibro-alpha, and red cell distribution width to platelet count ratio index showed high predictive accuracy for the stages of fibrosis. King’s score (cutoff, 17.5) showed the highest predictive accuracy for significant and advanced fibrosis. King’s score, Göteborg university cirrhosis index, APRI (the AST/platelet count ratio index), and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) had the highest predictive accuracy for cirrhosis, with the APRI (cutoff, 2) and FIB-4 (cutoff, 3.25) showing the highest diagnostic accuracy.
We derived the study score 8.5 − 0.2(albumin, g/dL) +0.01(AST, IU/L) −0.02(platelet count, 109/L), which at a cutoff of >4.7 had a predictive accuracy of 0.868 (95% confidence interval, 0.833-0.904) for cirrhosis.

Conclusions:
King’s score for significant and advanced fibrosis and the APRI or FIB-4 score for cirrhosis could be the best simple indirect noninvasive scores.
Utility of Emergency Department Use of Abdominal Pelvic Computed Tomography in the Management of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Koliani-Pace Jenna , Vaughn Byron , Herzig Shoshana J. , Davis Roger B. , Gashin Laurie , Obuch Joshua , Cheifetz Adam S. 
Published: March 2016

Goal:
The primary aim of this study was to determine predictors of clinically significant computed tomography (CT) scans, paying particular attention to findings of previous CT scans.

Background:
Use of CT to assess patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) in the Emergency Department (ED) is both costly and exposes patients to high levels of ionizing radiation while not clearly improving outcomes.

Study:
Patients with CD who underwent CT scan in the Emergency Department from 2008 to 2011 at a tertiary referral center were assessed for clinically significant findings. A multivariable generalized estimating equation model with logit link and exchangeable working correlation structure was constructed to assess for independent predictors of CT scans with clinically significant findings.

Results:
A total of 118 patients with CD underwent 194 CT scans. Ninety-two of 194 (47%) CT scans demonstrated clinically significant findings. Predictors of clinically significant CT scans included ileal disease involvement [odds ratios (OR) 3.47, P=0.01] and white blood cell count >12 (OR 2.1, P=0.03). Most notably, patients with a CT scan without clinically significant findings performed in the preceding month were significantly less likely to have a clinically significant CT scan (OR 0.23, P=0.005).

Conclusions:
Patients with CD who had a CT scan without significant findings the month prior are unlikely to have clinically significant CT findings. Ileal disease and an elevated white blood cell are predictive of clinically significant CT scans.
Effect of Direct Glare on Orbicularis Oculi and Trapezius During Computer Reading
Authors: Mork Randi , Bruenech Jan Richard , Thorud Hanne Mari Schiøtz 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Unfavorable visual conditions during computer work may affect development of both eyestrain and musculoskeletal pain in the neck and shoulder area. The aim of the study was to investigate how direct glare affects symptom development, muscle activity, and muscle blood flow in m. orbicularis oculi and m. trapezius during reading on a computer screen.

Methods
Fifteen healthy young adults with normal binocular vision read text on a computer screen at an optimized computer workplace, 30 minutes with glare exposure and 30 minutes with appropriate lighting. Postural angles were continuously registered. Development of eye symptoms and musculoskeletal pain in the neck and shoulder area were recorded using VAS scales. Muscle activity and muscle blood flow were measured continuously using electromyography and photoplethysmography, respectively.

Results
Glare exposure resulted in significantly more pronounced eye pain, increased orbicularis muscle activity, and increased trapezius blood flow compared to reading with appropriate lighting. There were no significant differences in posture between the two light conditions. There were also significant associations between orbicularis oculi activity and both trapezius blood flow and neck pain during both conditions.

Conclusions
Results from the current study show that direct glare conditions cause increased eyestrain and orbicularis oculi contraction during reading on a computer screen. This study also indicates that exposure to direct glare affects the trapezius muscle, possibly by an interaction between the visual system, sympathetic nervous system, and head-stabilizing muscles. In addition, there were associations between the use of orbicularis oculi, trapezius blood flow, and development of neck pain independent of the lighting.
Clinical Significance of Persistent Global and Focal Computed Tomography Nephrograms After Cardiac Catheterization and Their Relationships to Urinary Biomarkers of Kidney Damage and Procedural Factors
Authors: Chu Lisa L. , Katzberg Richard W. , Solomon Richard , Southard Jeffrey , Evans Scott J. , Li Chin-Shang , McDonald Jennifer S. , Payne Catherine , Boone John M. , RamachandraRao Satish P. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives
We evaluate the relationships between persistent computed tomography (CT) nephrograms and acute kidney injury after cardiac catheterization (CC). We compare changes in urinary biomarkers kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), cystatin C, and serum creatinine to procedural factors.

Materials and Methods
From 159 eligible patients without renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min), 40 random patients (age range, 42–81 years; mean age, 64 years; 25 men, 15 women) gave written informed consent to undergo unenhanced CT limited to their kidneys 24 hours after CC. Semiquantitative assessment for global nephrograms and quantitative assessment of focal nephrograms in each kidney was performed. Computed tomography attenuation (Hounsfield units) of the renal cortex was measured. Serum creatinine, KIM-1, and cystatin C were measured before and 24 hours after CC.

Results
Robust linear regression showed that both relative changes in KIM-1 and cystatin C had positive relationships with kidney CT attenuation (P = 0.012 and 0.002, respectively). Spearman rank correlation coefficient showed that both absolute changes and relative changes in KIM-1 and cystatin C had positive correlations with global nephrogram grades (P = 0.025 and 0.040, respectively, for KIM-1; P = 0.013 and 0.019, respectively, for cystatin C).

Conclusions
Global nephrograms on unenhanced CT in patients who have undergone CC are significantly correlated with changes in urinary biomarkers for kidney damage.
Social media as complementary consumption: the relationship between consumer empowerment and social interactions in experiential and informative contexts
Authors: Yuksel Mujde , Milne George R , Miller Elizabeth G 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to explore the interaction between consumer empowerment and social interactions as fundamental social media elements. It demonstrates their relationship in both experiential and informative social media setting where social media complements an offline consumer activity. The study aims to contribute to the literature on social media by demonstrating its complementary role on offline activities through these fundamental elements.Design/methodology/approach– The paper reports three experimental designs that manipulate the empowering and the socializing elements of complementary activities to show their effects on both the complementary online and the complemented offline activities.Findings– The paper presents three empirical studies that reveal the effects of two fundamental social media elements (i.e. empowerment and socialization) on consumers’ responses toward consumption episodes that consist of complementary online and complemented offline activities. It reveals that that these elements increase positive consumer responses toward both the online and the offline activities through psychological empowerment. However, the interaction between the elements changes with respect to specific empowerment types.Research limitations/implications– The paper contributes to the literature on social media by demonstrating its complementary role on offline activities through its empowering and socializing elements. It bridges research on consumer empowerment and socialization in a way that reveals their interaction beyond the extant definitions of empowerment resulting from enhanced communication among consumers. The paper also demonstrates the complementary role of social media on offline consumer behaviors through the effects of these two fundamental elements.The participants of the experimental studies are presented with hypothetical scenarios and asked about their behavioral intentions. Thus, future studies should address the research questions in real-world settings.Practical implications– The paper includes implications for social media usage as a complementary activity to offline real-life consumer behavior through the effects of consumer empowerment and social interactions. Thus, it may benefit marketers seeking to optimize the empowering and socializing components of their social media strategies.Originality/value– This paper fulfils an identified need to study how social media may affect real-life consumer behavior. It also identifies the interaction between the empowering and the socializing elements of social media offerings in both experiential and informative settings.
The value of disclosing intellectual capital in Spanish universities
Authors: Ramirez Yolanda , Tejada Angel , Manzaneque Montserrat 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) reporting and transparency in Spanish universities. The purpose of this paper is to obtain new empirical findings and an enhanced understanding of the role of IC in an organizational change process is obtained.Design/methodology/approach– In this study the authors developed a questionnaire which was sent to members of the Social Councils of Spanish public universities in order to analyse the views of university stakeholders in relation to the university’s annual reports and the adequacy and potential of IC reporting to meet their information needs.Findings– From the results of this study the authors are in the position of confirming the need for universities to offer information on IC in their accounting information model.Practical implications– All these results lead us to assert that to improve the information contained in the current university annual reports, it is necessary to make accounting regulators aware of the need to extend the information provided in the current accounting statements. Giving users access to a type of information relevant for good decision making constitutes a healthy exercise in transparency for universities.Originality/value– Although the scientific and professional literature has provided numerous studies about reporting a firm’s IC, further research is still needed for universities. This need is especially relevant when considering empirical supported IC models.
How does leader communication style promote employees’ commitment at times of change?
Authors: Luo Wenhao , Song Lynda Jiwen , Gebert Diether R , Zhang Kai , Feng Yunxia 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the structure of leader communication style in the context of organizational change. In doing so, the authors intend to shed more light on how leaders can effectively communicate change projects to their subordinates, which is viewed as the key to implementing change initiatives.Design/methodology/approach– This paper builds an integrated conceptual model for understanding leader’s communication style and subordinates’ commitment to change. By analyzing subordinates’ different fears of change, the paper further proposes a multidimensional structure of leader communication style in the context of change. The authors then develop a scale to measure these different dimensions and test the relationship between the proposed communication style and subordinates’ affective commitment to change.Findings– Leader communication style in the context of change is found to be composed of five dimensions: hope orientation, reality orientation, subordinate orientation, support orientation, and enforcement orientation. A cross-level field study of 31 teams and 194 members shows that hope orientation, subordinate orientation, and support orientation are positively associated with subordinates’ affective commitment to change.Originality/value– This paper identifies a new structure of leader communication style that will lead to a richer understanding of how leaders communicate to their subordinates in the context of change. It also contributes to the leadership literature by implying effective ways of communicating change projects.
Holistic approach to human resources and organizational acceleration
Authors: Pluta Anna , Rudawska Aleksandra 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose holistic approach to human resources in the situation of organizational acceleration. Authors are postulating that the holistic approach to HR helps in maintaining sustainable individual resources of employees in the situation of continuous organizational changes and time pressure that further can prevent from the individual resources exhaustion.Design/methodology/approach– This conceptual paper builds on the problem of occupational stress that is connected with organizational acceleration. Authors define stress as the individually perceived inability to match expectations caused by the deficiency of individual resources. They conceptualize the individual resources of employees basing on the concepts of human capital and the individual energy at work and propose a framework of individual resources of employees that enables holistic view of an individual in an organization.Findings– In the situation of organizational acceleration HRM function plays important role in sustaining individual resources of employees in order to minimize threat of occupational stress and further burnout. HR practices should apply multidimensionality of individual resources and threat it holistically aiming at sustaining all four potentials – spiritual, intellectual, emotional and physical.Research limitations/implications– Authors indicate that managers need to understand how to deal with the acceleration in order to overcome the negative consequences for individuals. There is still need for identifying HR practices that are the key success factors in the situation of organizational acceleration.Originality/value– Authors take up the current problem of organizational acceleration from the individual perspective. They propose a concept of individual resources of employees and connected to it holistic approach to HR in the times of great time pressure, work overload, occupational stress and burnout threat.