bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing bacteria caused less than 5% of urinary tract infections in a paediatric emergency centre
Authors: Jacmel Lisa , Timsit Sandra , Ferroni Agnès , Auregan Clémentine , Angoulvant François , Chéron Gérard 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe last decade has seen a significant increase in extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL) secreting organisms responsible for paediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly in community‐acquired infections. These expose patients to the risks of antibiotic treatment failure and renal scarring. This prospective study examined the prevalence and risk factors of febrile ESBL UTIs and their treatment in the paediatric emergency department of a university hospital.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, all children from 0 to 16 years of age with febrile UTIs were included from May 2012 to April 2013. Cases with and without ESBL involvement were compared.ResultsOf the 474 diagnosed febrile UTIs, 22 (4.6%) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 2.9–6.9 were due to an ESBL‐producing organism. Escherichia coli was found in 85% of cases. Significant odds ratios (OR) for ESBL urinary tract infections were prior hospitalisation (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.6–10.8), urinary tract abnormalities (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.5–10.2) and previous antibiotic treatment (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.2–8.8). All ESBL urinary tract infections had positive outcomes.ConclusionThe prevalence of febrile ESBL urinary tract infections was less than 5% in a paediatric emergency department. This low rate was not high enough to justify changing our guidelines.
Insight towards the identification of cytosolic Ca2+‐binding sites in ryanodine receptors from skeletal and cardiac muscle
Authors: Gaburjakova M. , Gaburjakova J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCa2+ plays a critical role in several processes involved in skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction. One key step in cardiac excitation–contraction (E–C) coupling is the activation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RYR2) by cytosolic Ca2+ elevations. Although this process is not critical for skeletal E–C coupling, the activation and inhibition of the skeletal ryanodine receptor (RYR1) seem to be important for overall muscle function. The RYR1 and RYR2 channels fall within the large category of Ca2+‐binding proteins that harbour highly selective Ca2+ ‐binding sites to receive and translate the various Ca2+ signals into specific functional responses. However, little is known about the precise localization of these sites within the cytosolic assembly of both RYR isoforms, although several experimental lines of evidence have highlighted their EF‐hand nature. EF‐hand proteins share a common helix‐loop‐helix structural motif with highly conserved residues involved in Ca2+ coordination. The first step in predicting EF‐hand positive regions is to compare the primary protein structure with the EF‐hand motif by employing available bioinformatics tools. Although this simple method narrows down search regions, it does not provide solid evidence regarding which regions bind Ca2+ in both RYR isoforms. In this review, we seek to highlight the key findings and experimental approaches that should strengthen our future efforts to identify the cytosolic Ca2+‐binding sites responsible for activation and inhibition in the RYR1 channel, as much less work has been conducted on the RYR2 channel.
Tumor cells with neuronal intermediate progenitor features define a subgroup of 1p/19q co‐deleted anaplastic gliomas
Authors: Bielle Franck , Ducray François , Mokhtari Karima , Dehais Caroline , Adle‐Biassette Homa , Carpentier Catherine , Chanut Anaïs , Polivka Marc , Poggioli Sylvie , Rosenberg Shai , Giry Marine , Marie Yannick , Duyckaerts Charles , Sanson Marc , Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Idbaih Ahmed ,   Pola Network
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe integrated diagnosis of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, IDH mutant and 1p/19q co‐deleted, grade III (O3id) is a histomolecular entity that WHO 2016 classification distinguished from other diffuse gliomas by specific molecular alterations. In contrast, its cell portrait is less well known. The present study is focused on intertumor and intratumor, cell lineage‐oriented, heterogeneity in O3id. Based on pathological, transcriptomic and immunophenotypic studies, a novel subgroup of newly diagnosed O3id overexpressing neuronal intermediate progenitor (NIP) genes was identified. This NIP overexpression pattern in O3id is associated with: (i) morphological and immunohistochemical similarities with embryonic subventricular zone, (ii) proliferating tumor cell subpopulation with NIP features including expression of INSM1 and no expression of SOX9, (iii) mutations in critical genes involved in NIP biology and, (iv) increased tumor necrosis. Interestingly, NIP tumor cell subpopulation increases in O3id recurrence compared with paired newly diagnosed tumors. Our results, validated in an independent cohort, emphasize intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity in O3id and identified a tumor cell subpopulation exhibiting NIP characteristics that is potentially critical in oncogenesis of O3id. A better understanding of spatial and temporal intratumor cell heterogeneity in O3id will open new therapeutic avenues overcoming resistance to current antitumor treatments.
Impact of normal faulting and pre‐rift salt tectonics on the structural style of salt‐influenced rifts: the Late Jurassic Norwegian Central Graben, North Sea
Authors: Ge Zhiyuan , Gawthorpe Rob L. , Rotevatn Atle , Thomas Michel Bøgh 
Published: August 2016

AbstractStudies of salt‐influenced rift basins have focused on individual or basin‐scale fault system and/or salt‐related structure. In contrast, the large‐scale rift structure, namely rift segments and rift accommodation zones and the role of pre‐rift tectonics in controlling structural style and syn‐rift basin evolution have received less attention. The Norwegian Central Graben, comprises a complex network of sub‐salt normal faults and pre‐rift salt‐related structures that together influenced the structural style and evolution of the Late Jurassic rift. Beneath the halite‐rich, Permian Zechstein Supergroup, the rift can be divided into two major rift segments, each comprising rift margin and rift axis domains, separated by a rift‐wide accommodation zone – the Steinbit Accommodation Zone. Sub‐salt normal faults in the rift segments are generally larger, in terms of fault throw, length and spacing, than those in the accommodation zone. The pre‐rift structure varies laterally from sheet‐like units, with limited salt tectonics, through domains characterised by isolated salt diapirs, to a network of elongate salt walls with intervening minibasins. Analysis of the interactions between the sub‐salt normal fault network and the pre‐rift salt‐related structures reveals six types of syn‐rift depocentres. Increasing the throw and spacing of sub‐salt normal faults from rift segment to rift accommodation zone generally leads to simpler half‐graben geometries and an increase in the size and thickness of syn‐rift depocentres. In contrast, more complex pre‐rift salt tectonics increases the mechanical heterogeneity of the pre‐rift, leading to increased complexity of structural style. Along the rift margin, syn‐rift depocentres occur as interpods above salt walls and are generally unrelated to the relatively minor sub‐salt normal faults in this structural domain. Along the rift axis, deformation associated with large sub‐salt normal faults created coupled and decoupled supra‐salt faults. Tilting of the hanging wall associated with growth of the large normal faults along the rift axis also promoted a thin‐skinned, gravity‐driven deformation leading to a range of extensional and compressional structures affecting the syn‐rift interval. The Steinbit Accommodation Zone contains rift‐related structural styles that encompass elements seen along both the rift margin and axis. The wide variability in structural style and evolution of syn‐rift depocentres recognised in this study has implications for the geomorphological evolution of rifts, sediment routing systems and stratigraphic evolution in rifts that contain pre‐rift salt units.
Design, synthesis, and anticonvulsant activity of some derivatives of xanthone with aminoalkanol moieties
Authors: Waszkielewicz Anna M. , Słoczyńska Karolina , Pękala Elżbieta , Żmudzki Paweł , Siwek Agata , Gryboś Anna , Marona Henryk 
Published: August 2016

A series of new xanthone derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant properties in the maximal electroshock, subcutaneous metrazole tests and for neurotoxicity in the rotarod in mice, i.p. and rats, p.o. Compound 9: R,S‐2‐{2‐[(1‐hydroxybutan‐2‐yl]amino)ethoxy}‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one and compound 12: R,S‐2‐{3‐[(1‐hydroxybutan‐2‐yl)amino]propoxy}‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one exerted activity in rats, p.o. 2 and 4 h after administration, respectively. Therefore, metabolic stability of the compounds was evaluated with use of rat microsomes, resulting in half‐life t1/2 136 and 108 min, respectively, indicating that either the metabolites are very active or the parent compounds exert ADME properties other than metabolism which influence the late onset of activity.
Interleukin (IL)-9/IL-9R axis drives γδ T cells activation in psoriatic arthritis patients
Authors: Guggino G , Ciccia F , Di Liberto D , Lo Pizzo M , Ruscitti P , Cipriani P , Ferrante A , Sireci G , Dieli F , Fourniè J J , Giacomelli R , Triolo G 
Published: August 2016

Summary
Cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-23 and, more recently, IL-9, have been implicated in the initiation/maintenance of inflammation in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). In the present study we aimed to characterize the role of γδ T cells in peripheral blood and synovial fluid of PsA patients and to investigate their response to in-vitro stimulation with antigen or cytokines (IL-9 and IL-23). γδ T cells isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and synovial fluid were analysed by flow cytometry to evaluate the phenotype and cytokine production. IL-23R and IL-9R gene expression were also evaluated by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), sorted γδ T cells and γδ cell lines were also stimulated in vitro with isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), recombinant IL-9 or recombinant IL-23. Our results show an expansion of γδ T cells with a predominant effector memory phenotype in peripheral blood and synovium of untreated PsA patients, which reverses significantly after treatment with anti-TNF-α or anti-IL-12/IL-23R monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Moreover, in PsA patients γδ T cells activation is driven prevalently by IL-9/IL-9R interaction, and not only by IL-23/IL-23R. Together these findings indicate γδ T cells and IL-9 as new players in the pathogenesis of PsA.
Cysteinyl Leukotrienes and Their Receptors: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Central Nervous System Disorders
Authors: Ghosh Arijit , Chen Fang , Thakur Abhimanyu , Hong Hao 
Published: August 2016

SummaryCysteinyl leukotrienes are a group of the inflammatory lipid molecules well known as mediators of inflammatory signaling in the allergic diseases. Although they are traditionally known for their role in allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and others, recent advances in the field of biomedical research highlighted the role of these inflammatory mediators in a broader range of diseases such as in the inflammation associated with the central nervous system (CNS) disorders, vascular inflammation (atherosclerotic), and in cancer. Among the CNS diseases, they, along with their synthesis precursor enzyme 5‐lipoxygenase and their receptors, have been shown to be associated with brain injury, Multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, brain ischemia, epilepsy, and others. However, a lot more remains elusive as the research in these areas is emerging and only a little has been discovered. Herein, through this review, we first provided a general up‐to‐date information on the synthesis pathway and the receptors for the molecules. Next, we summarized the current findings on their role in the brain disorders, with an insight given to the future perspectives.
Non‐HLA‐matched 3rd party vascular allograft in renal transplant may lead to sensitization against donor HLA
Authors: Watson Henry , Pande Rupaly , Farid Shahid , Ecuyer Clare , Baker Richard , Clarke Brendan , Ahmad Niaz 
Published: August 2016

Abstract3rd party donor vessels are often used for vascular reconstruction in organ transplantation. While current practice ensures that 3rd party vessels are blood group matched, HLA matching to the non‐intended recipient is not performed. This practice potentially sensitizes the recipient and may reduce their future chance of renal transplant from a larger pool of donors. We examined our cohort of renal transplant recipients who received non‐HLA‐matched 3rd party vessels for the de‐novo development of donor‐specific HLA antibodies. Our institution's Human Tissue Authority (HTA) blood vessel registers were examined to identify stored donor vessels and their non‐intended recipients. Donor vessel HLA status was cross‐referenced with the recipient HLA status. Between 2004 and 2014, five patients were identified that received 3rd party non‐HLA‐matched vessels for vascular reconstruction during renal transplantation. Three patients (60%) subsequently developed donor‐specific HLA antibodies. These data provide evidence that use of non‐HLA‐matched stored 3rd party vascular grafts may lead to sensitization in the recipient. Where time permits, HLA matching should be performed to avoid this allogeneic response. Laboratories monitoring DSA should be aware of any patient receiving a non‐HLA‐matched 3rd party vascular graft, and recipients may benefit from increased post‐transplant immunological vigilance.
The prognostic values of caveolin‐1 immunoreactivity in peritubular capillaries in patients with kidney transplantation
Authors: Nakada Yasuyuki , Yamamoto Izumi , Horita Shigeru , Kobayashi Akimitsu , Mafune Aki , Katsumata Haruki , Yamakawa Takafumi , Katsuma Ai , Kawabe Mayuko , Tanno Yudo , Ohkido Ichiro , Tsuboi Nobuo , Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Okumi Masayoshi , Ishida Hideki , Yokoo Takashi , Tanabe Kazunari ,   Japan Academic Consortium of Kidney Transplantation (JACK)
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe low sensitivity of C4d immunoreactivity in peritubular capillaries (PTCs) hinders its use in the diagnosis of chronic active antibody‐mediated rejection (CAAMR). C4d‐negative CAAMR was defined in the 2013 Banff classification, which included the expression of endothelial‐associated transcripts (ENDATs). We previously showed that the ENDAT caveolin‐1 (CAV‐1) is a distinct feature of CAAMR. In this study, we investigated the prognostic value of CAV‐1 immunoreactivity in PTCs in kidney transplant patients. Ninety‐eight kidney transplant recipients were included in this study. The prognostic value of CAV‐1 immunoreactivity in PTCs was evaluated by double immunostaining for CAV‐1 and pathologische Anatomie Leiden endothelium (PAL‐E, a PTC marker) in the PTCs of kidney allograft biopsy samples. The patients were divided into two groups: CAV‐1/PAL‐E<50% and CAV‐1/PAL‐E≥50%. Kaplan‐Meier curves showed that CAV‐1/PAL‐E≥50% patients had a significantly worse prognosis than that of CAV‐1/PAL‐E<50% patients (log‐rank; P<.001). C4d staining of PTCs was not associated with the development of graft failure (log‐rank; P=.345), whereas in a multivariate Cox regression analysis, CAV‐1 immunoreactivity in PTCs was independently associated with graft failure (hazard ratio: 11.1; P=.0324). CAV‐1 immunoreactivity in PTCs may serve as a prognostic marker for kidney allograft survival.
Prevalence, etiology, and clinical implications of reduced longitudinal systolic strain in renal transplant candidates
Authors: Rhea Isaac B. , Morris Kathleen , Sawada Stephen , Feigenbaum Harvey 
Published: August 2016

AimsReduced global longitudinal systolic strain (GLS) is a common finding in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with normal ejection fraction (EF), and GLS is a stronger predictor of mortality than EF. We sought to determine what factors may be responsible for the decreased strain in this population.Methods and ResultsThe study group was comprised of 139 renal transplant candidates with a normal EF who had echocardiography with assessment of GLS and basal longitudinal systolic strain (BLS). A GLS of less than −18 and a BLS less than −17 were defined as abnormal. Logistic regression was used to determine variables associated with abnormal GLS and BLS. Of the 139 patients, 49% had abnormal GLS and 70% had abnormal BLS. The univariate predictors of abnormal GLS (P<.05) were low‐normal EF, increased interventricular septal thickness (IVS), diabetes, and dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker use. The univariate predictors of abnormal BLS (P<.05) were elevated systolic blood pressure, elevated diastolic blood pressure, elevated heart rate, decreased EF, increased IVS, increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW), increased left ventricular mass index, regular dialysis, and clonidine use. On multivariate analysis, low‐normal EF (P<.001), increased IVS (P=.024), and diabetes (P=.042) were independent predictors of abnormal GLS, while increased DBP (P=.018), increased LVPW (P=.001), and regular dialysis (P=.006) were independent predictors of abnormal BLS.ConclusionsClinical variables and co‐findings beyond EF are associated with abnormal strain measurements and may partially explain the large incidence of abnormal strain in renal transplant candidates.
Tissue Doppler imaging during exercise stress echocardiography demonstrates a mechanism for impaired exercise performance in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ferguson Matthew Eric , Sachdeva Ritu , Gillespie Scott E. , Morrow Gemma , Border William 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with decreased exercise tolerance in children, presumably due to diastolic dysfunction. Modern imaging techniques to assess myocardial function during active exercise have not been applied to this population. We hypothesized that impaired contractile reserve, as assessed by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and strain, contributes to reduced exercise capacity in affected individuals.MethodsChildren (<18 years) with HCM and healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls were prospectively enrolled. Resting echocardiograms and staged upright cycle ergometry with simultaneous echocardiograms were performed. During exercise, left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradients and color Doppler maps of apical four‐chamber and parasternal short‐axis views were obtained. Post processing of images was performed to obtain TDI velocities, and measurements of strain were attempted. Exercise parameters and staged TDI values were compared.ResultsThe study population consisted of 58 subjects (22 with HCM and 36 controls). Patients with HCM had significantly higher peak LVOT gradients compared to controls at baseline and at each exercise stage. TDI revealed that diastolic function, as assessed by Eʹ velocities at septal and lateral mitral annuli, normalized with exercise in HCM patients. Further, systolic function (Sʹ velocity) of HCM patients at rest was normal but failed to augment normally at peak exercise.ConclusionsChildren with HCM have decreased TDI velocities at rest. With exercise, they may increase their Eʹ velocities but fail to augment Sʹ velocities, demonstrating decreased contractile reserve. In the patient with suspected HCM but equivocal findings, exercise TDI assessment may complement the diagnostic evaluation.
Mitral annular plane systolic excursion/left ventricular length (MAPSE/L) as a simple index for assessing left ventricular longitudinal function in children
Authors: Terada Tomomasa , Mori Kazuhiro , Inoue Miki , Yasunobu Hayabuchi 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundAssessment of longitudinal left ventricular (LV) function is important for early detection of cardiac dysfunction. Although mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) obtained by M‐mode echocardiography offers a simple method for assessing longitudinal LV function, normal values of MAPSE for children change according to body size.MethodsTo minimize the effects of body size, MAPSE was divided by LV long‐axis length (MAPSE/L). MAPSE/L was measured in 210 healthy children from birth to 15 years of age and classified into five subgroups. MAPSE/L was then compared with 10 parameters in 136 children (age, heart rate, mean blood pressure, ejection fraction of the LV (EF), peak atrial flow velocity/peak early diastolic flow velocity of mitral flow, tissue Doppler velocity during systole (s’) and early diastole (e’), E/e’ ratio, Tei index, and global longitudinal strain (GLS) of the LV by the speckle tracking method).ResultsMAPSE/L was significantly lower in the neonate group than in the remaining four groups. MAPSE/L then increased with age to peak at 1–5 years and gradually decreased thereafter. In all cases beyond the neonatal period, MAPSE/L was more than 0.17. Among various parameters, GLS, age, EF, Tei index and s’ were significantly associated with MAPSE/L in that order. In univariate analysis, GLS was most significantly associated with MAPSE/L (r=.56).ConclusionsWe have established normal reference values for MPSE/L in healthy children. MAPSE/L is expected to offer a simple parameter to evaluate LV longitudinal systolic function during daily routine echocardiography in children.
Echocardiography vs magnetic resonance imaging in assessing ventricular function and systemic atrioventricular valve status in adults with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Kowalik Ewa , Mazurkiewicz Łukasz , Kowalski Mirosław , Klisiewicz Anna , Marczak Magdalena , Hoffman Piotr 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe survival in adults with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) might be reduced due to dysfunction of the systemic right ventricle (sRV). The quantitative echocardiographic assessment of sRV function and tricuspid (systemic atrioventricular valve) regurgitation (TR) is still a diagnostic challenge. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare echocardiographic indices of sRV function and the degree of TR with corresponding MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)‐derived parameters in adults with ccTGA.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study of adults with ccTGA referred to a tertiary congenital heart disease center was conducted. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and MRI examinations. Thirty‐three adults (19F/14M, mean age 34.1 years) were included.ResultsWe found significantly lower fractional area change (FAC) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) values in patients with MRI‐derived RV ejection fraction (EF) <45%. A cutoff GLS<−16.3% identified sRV EF ≥45% with a sensitivity of 77.3% and specificity of 72.7%. A very strong correlation between MRI‐ and echocardiography‐derived TR volume was observed (r=.84; P<.0001).ConclusionsGLS is the variable with the best sensitivity but less specificity to distinguish between systemic RV EF ≥45% and below 45%, and it seems to be the preferred echocardiographic index of systemic RV function in adults with ccTGA. The quantitative assessment of TR by MRI and echocardiography showed a very strong agreement in patients with ccTGA.