bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal Abscess
Authors: Clemons John E. , Portilla William 
Published: April 2016

The laryngeal abscess is an uncommon lesion since the onset of the antibiotic era. A review of the literature failed to find any recent articles on abscess of the larynx.Three case histories of the laryngeal abscess, all of which progressed to rapid airway obstruction and required emergency tracheotomy, are presented.
Otologic Complications of Radiation Therapy
Authors: O'Neill John V. , Katz Arthur H. , Skolnik Emanuel M. 
Published: April 2016

Radiation therapy has proved to be a valuable modality in the management of patients with nasopharyngeal tumors. Routine follow‐up of patients in the tumor clinic of the University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary appeared to indicate an increasing incidence of otologic pathology. For this reason, a retrospective study focusing on the otologic findings in patients whose radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal tumors included the external auditory canal, middle ear space, or eustachian tube was performed.The results of this study are discussed in relationship to total radiation dosage, time of survival after therapy, and pretreatment otologic status. The complications covered a spectrum from intermittent serous otitis media to osteoradionecrosis of the external auditory canal. Possible contributing factors are discussed, and preventive measures are suggested.
Implications of Ewald's Second Law for Diagnois of Unilateral Labyrinthine Paralysis
Authors: Jenkins Herman A. , Lau Clifford G.Y. , Baloh Robert W. , Honrubia Vicente 
Published: April 2016

The feasibility of replacement of the caloric test with sinusoidal rotatory stimulations of differing frequencies was investigated in ten normal subjects and seven patients with unilateral labyrinthine paralysis. Testing was performed at frequencies ranging from 0.0125 to 0.2 Hz at 60°/sec and at 0.05 Hz at peak velocities of 30°/sec to 180°/sec. Gain, phase, and asymmetry of the nystagmic responses were measured in these groups. Results indicated that the rotatory test was not reliable enough to be used as the sole measure for identifying patients with unilateral labyrinthine lesions.
Sensorineural Hearing Level in Unilateral Otosclerosis
Authors: Young I. M. , Mikaelian D. O. , Trocki I. M. 
Published: April 2016

Preoperative bone conduction threshold measurements were made in the otosclerotic and opposite ears of 25 patients with unilateral otosclerosis to tabulate the sensorineural hearing impairment in this disease. Middle ear otosclerosis was confirmed at surgery in all cases.The bone conduction thresholds at all frequencies measured were similar in the otosclerotic and opposite ears. Adequate masking was applied to the nontest ear to measure an accurate bone conduction threshold in the test ear without producing overmasking.
Differential Diagnosis of Superficial Ulcerations of the Oral Mucosa
Authors: Chole Richard A. , Domb George H. 
Published: April 2016

Superficial ulcerations of the oral mucosa often present a diagnostic challenge to the physician because of the similarity of one ulcer to another. A diagnosis is made by the analysis of multiple factors, including the lesion's location, size, grouping, onset, patient's age, involvement of other systems of the body, and course of the disease. The histopathology of the lesion may be specific, especially in certain potentially fatal diseases.This paper presents the means for the differential diagnosis of a variety of superficial ulcers of the oral mucosa: varicella, herpangina, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Behcet's disease, Stevens‐Johnson syndrome, traumatic ulcer, verrucous carcinoma, primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, recurrent herpetic stomatitis, pemphigus vulgaris, and benign mucous membrane pemphigoid.
Thyroid Carcinoma in a Patient with a Coexisting Functional Adenoma
Authors: Blitzer Andrew , Som Max L. 
Published: April 2016

Fourteen case reports have been published in which “hot” nodules have been documented as carcinoma, with or without coexisting adenomas. The diagnosis of these lesions is difficult, since hot nodules usually represent benign disease. These carcinomas are not functional, but represent coexistence of a functional area or a malignant degeneration. Hot nodule carcinomas should be suspected in high‐risk patients.A euthyroid, 31‐year‐old woman who, as a teenager, had radiotherapy for acne is reported. She was followed up with yearly scans for a hot nodule in the right lower lobe of her thyroid. When she was 36, a node was discovered in the right side of her neck, and carcinoma was suspected. Surgical excision revealed a papillary‐follicular carcinoma adjacent to an adenoma with metastases to regional lymph nodes.
Mucosal Tattooing In Oral Cavity Carcinoma
Authors: Burkett Patrick R. , Miller Thomas F. 
Published: April 2016

Tattooing provides accurate localization for tumor surgery following radiation therapy. This paper describes studies done on tattooing technique and instruments available currently. Procedures tested included hypodermic needles and three types of surgical instruments. Chemicals tested included india ink, iron oxide, and colored pigments.India ink and iron oxide used with the Spaulding‐Rogers Outliner gave satisfactory tattoos.
Detection of Middle Ear Disease in Cleft‐Palate Patients
Authors: Hunter David , Keim Robert J. 
Published: April 2016

A prospective study of 17 cleft‐palate patients under the age of 37 months was performed. The otoscopic findings, as reported by the primary physician and otolaryngologist, were compared with the results of tympanometry. Preoperatively, all tympanograms were abnormal. Ears with an As pattern were not described as abnormal by any physician, and postoperatively, these ears all progressed to a more advanced stage of disease.
Aerobic Isolates in Hemovac Lines
Authors: Yoder Milton G. , Silva Joseph 
Published: April 2016

Positive aerobic isolates from hemovac lines were found in 41 of 68 patients (60%) who had major head and neck procedures requiring the hemovac drainage system during the postoperative period. When studied up to six days of placement, the number and the type of organisms in a hemovac system generally remained the same. A clue to impending infection was the isolation of two or more different genera from the hemovac system.Isolates from hemovac lines can frequently indicate the cause of the complication. Possible pathogens in postoperative head and neck infections include gram‐positive bacteria, gram‐negative bacteria, and fungi.
The Effects of Frequency Modulation on Middle Ear Reflex
Authors: Meeks Thomas , Owens Laurence , Melnick William 
Published: April 2016

The effect of frequency modulation on acoustic middle ear muscle reflex persistence was studied. Changes in impedance at the tympanic membrane were used as an indirect indication of reflex activity. Signals were a 2‐kHz pure tone, a narrow band of noise centered at 2‐kHz, and FM signals centered at 2‐kHz modulated 70, 140, and 280 times per second.Acoustic reflex persistance for FM signals resembled that observed with pure‐tone stimulation rather than that produced by a filtered noise.
Salivary Probe and Dissector
Authors: Mantovani Mario , Mann Douglas , Sasaki Clarence T. 
Published: April 2016

Salivary calculi, preponderating in the submaxillary duct, produce distension of the ductile system, as well as pain and fever, when they enlarge sufficiently to obstruct salivary flow. Although calculi may pass spontaneously by eroding into the oral cavity, they must usually be removed surgically under local anesthesia.The device presented simplifies extraction of multiple sialoliths. Soft tissue trauma is minimized, and patient comfort is significantly increased.
Otolaryngologic Manifestations of Orbital Pseudotumors
Authors: Fortson James K. , Shapshay Stanley M. , Weiter John J. , Vaughan Charles W. , Strong M. Stuart 
Published: April 2016

Orbital pseudotumor is believed to be a nonspecific, acute or chronic inflammatory process involving the intraorbital soft tissue. Orbital pseudotumor may masquerade as sinusitis with orbital complications or as a severe upper respiratory tract infection.Five cases are presented to illustrate the difficulties in diagnosis when initial symptoms relate to the upper respiratory system rather than to an isolated orbital mass. In these cases, orbital ultrasound and computed tomograms were helpful in making the diagnosis. Treatment consisted of systemic corticosteroids in four of the five patients.Recognition of early symptoms and findings, along with earlier involvement with the ophthalmologist, will make a more effective treatment regimen possible.
Computerized Axial Tomography in Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Orbit
Authors: Rowe Lee D. , Tsiaras William , Nichols Charles , Myers Allen R. 
Published: April 2016

Although thyrotoxicosis and orbital complications of acute ethmoid or frontal sinusitis are among the most common causes of unilateral exophthalmos, inflammatory pseudotumor is frequently accompanied by progressive acute unilateral proptosis. Because the associated chemosis, scleral erythema, and ophthalmoplegia constitute a spectrum of clinical findings present in numerous inflammatory orbital disorders and systemic diseases, the diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor is one of exclusion, often requiring orbital biopsy.Four patients without evidence of sinusitis, endocrinopathy, collagen vascular disease, or Wegener's granulomatosis are described. The diagnosis of orbital pseudotumor was disclosed by computed axial tomography, thus avoiding orbitotomy. The finding of scleral and choroidal thickening with enhancement following intravenous contrast injection represents a select group of patients with orbital pseudotumor and differentiates them from patients with endocrine exophthalmopathy or neoplasms. This noninvasive technique is extremely valuable because early diagnosis is critical for successful treatment.All four patients responded dramatically to high‐dose corticosteroid therapy. In the absence of significant clinical response, however, Wegener's granulomatosis, lymphoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, especially in younger patients, must be carefully excluded. Orbital exploration or decompression or both are used when proptosis, headache, or orbital pain does not resolve promptly, visual acuity deteriorates, or the diagnosis remains unknown.
Implanted Cochlear Prosthesis Analogue In Primates
Authors: Balkany Thomas J. , Mischke Robert E. , Pauley James D. , Stynes Andrew J. , Asher David L. 
Published: April 2016

Electronic cochlear prostheses are currently being implanted in the profoundly deaf. Little, however, is known about the biologic effects of electrical stimulation of the auditory system.To study some effects of intracochlear electrical stimulation in monkeys, a totally implantable device that produces a constant current similar to that produced by devices now used in human implantation was designed and miniaturized. This paper reports on the characteristics of the device and a pilot project designed to test it in vivo. The feasibility of primate implantation and behavioral observation, as well as histopathologic study, was also determined.The device was implanted in each of two Macacca nemestrina monkeys, which were then observed. One monkey was killed and the implanted cochlea studied with scanning electron microscopy. Evidence of osteogenesis of the scala tympani was found.
Glomus Jugulare Tumor Surgery with Intracranial Extension
Authors: Kinney Sam E. 
Published: April 2016

Total surgical excision of a glomus jugulare tumor is the treatment of choice for this benign tumor. If the tumor has extended beyond the temporal bone into the intracranial spaces, most often the posterior fossa, the surgical excision becomes more difficult.If the tumor has extended anteriorly and posteriorly into the posterior fossa or if a portion of the tumor is exposed in the external auditory canal with the concurrent infection that is seen with this presentation, the intracranial portion of the tumor should be removed as a first step in a planned two‐stage removal of the tumor.If the intracranial extension is limited and there is no infection present with the tumor, a combined otologic‐neurosurgical approach using transtemporal and suboccipital access to the temporal bone will allow successful total removal of the tumor in a one‐stage procedure.Details are presented to demonstrate this combined otologic and neurosurgical approach to large glomus tumors with intracranial extension.
The Metabolic Evaluation in Meniere's Disease
Authors: Kinney Sam E. 
Published: April 2016

Meniere's disease remains today a poorly understood and difficult‐to‐manage inner ear problem. Numerous articles have been written about the medical and surgical management of Meniere's disease. Previous authors have suggested that a metabolic abnormality may be a contributing etiologic factor in the disease.Since 1976, 384 patients with Meniere's disease were seen in the Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. In 180 of these patients, the results of a metabolic evaluation were reviewed, including the five‐hour glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, free thyroxine index, and the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA‐ABS).The results of these tests suggest that thyroid abnormalities are rare in Meniere's disease. There may be a fairly high false‐positive rate in using the FTA‐ABS as a screening procedure. Carbohydrate abnormalities are found; however, hypoglycemia was not a major factor in this series of patients. A significant number of patients were found to have lipid abnormalities, and dietary management of these is believed helpful in the medical management of a patient with Meniere's disease.
The Incidence and Significance of the Tullio Phenomenon in Man
Authors: Erlich Mark A. , Lawson William 
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and significance of the Tullio phenomenon in a group of human subjects. The subjects included 40 patients with complaints of auditory or vestibular symptoms. Ten otologically normal subjects were included in the study as a control group. All subjects underwent routine audiologic evaluation as well as electronystagmogram (ENG) testing. All subjects were then tested for the presence of the Tullio phenomenon by the method described.The results of this study showed that of the 40 subjects with known auditory or vestibular disorders, 90% (36) demonstrated nystagmus in response to high‐intensity sound stimulation. All patients in the otologically normal control group demonstrated the presence of the Tullio phenomenon. No specific correlations were made between the presence of the Tullio phenomenon and specific audiologic or ENG findings.Studies on the effects of sound on the vestibular system are reviewed and lend support to the finding that the Tullio phenomenon may be a normal physiologic response in man under certain test conditions.
Parathyroid Microautotransplantation and the Viscerovertebral Angle
Authors: Tenta Louis T. , Keyes Geoffrey R. , Caldarelli David D. 
Published: April 2016

Conservation of physiologic values of circulating parathormone is a surgical objective in those instances in which a hyperfunctional parathyroid state exists as well as in those instances in which cervical evisceration employed as an ablative measure for the management of neoplastic disease threatens to impose postoperative tetany.Because the parathyroid glands may vary in number and in anatomic sites, a predictable and reproductible surgical approach that permits the operator an avenue of access to these structures is used. The viscerovertebral angle provides a surgical modality which facilitates the operative effort. The method has been applied in more than 70 patients.
Combined Therapy for Pyriform Sinus Cancer Using Postoperative Irradiation
Authors: Donald Paul J. , Hayes H. Randall , Dhaliwal Ranjit 
Published: April 2016

A review of 33 patients with pyriform sinus carcinoma, seen between September 1972 and September 1978, is done. Preoperative irradiation is done in seven patients, resulting in a 28% survival rate. Postoperative irradiation in 14 patients yields a 64% survival rate. The average follow‐up is 39.2 months. Survival is unaffected by the factor of geographic center of the tumor origin. Irradiation alone is done, mainly in patients who are inoperable or refuse surgery. There is a poor survival rate.
Macrophage (Monocyte)‐Derived Mucous Secretagougue (MMS) is Released into the Fluid of the Middle Ear of Patients with Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Bernstein Joel M. , Goswami S. , Marom Zvi 
Published: April 2016

Macrophage (monocyte)‐derived secretogogue (MMS) is a low molecular weight peptide released by activated macrophages. This substance can enhance incorporation of carbohydrates into protein and result in the production of glycoproteins. It is believed that increased glycoproteins lead to the increased tenaciousness of mucoid effusions. Sixteen of 28 middle ear effusions demonstrated significant amounts of MMS. It is suggested that MMS is produced by activated macrophages in MEE and may lead to the development of glycoprotein by secretory epithelial cells. This substance may lead to the development of the mucoid effusion in otitis media with effusion in children.
Vestibular Autorotation Testing of Meniere's Disease
Authors: O'Leary Dennis P. , Davis Linda L. 
Published: April 2016

Ten patients with previously confirmed diagnosis of acute‐stage Meniere's disease were tested with the Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT), a portable computerized test that measures the higher‐frequency vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) to compute gain and phase. Patients were asked to fixate on a target and move their heads in synchrony with a computer‐generated, sweep‐frequency audible cue (0.5 to 6.0 Hz) through an 18‐second test epoch. Head movements in both horizontal (yaw) and vertical (pitch) planes were used separately to test horizontal and vertical VORs, respectively. All subjects easily performed the VAT. Results of the horizontal tests were within normal limits for both gain and phase. The vertical gain was markedly high throughout the 2 to 6 Hz range. Mean vertical phase lags were reduced at higher frequencies. These results imply that the vertical VORs of acute‐stage Meniere's patients are hypersensitive to the faster vertical head movements that occur commonly in dally activities.
Labyrinthine Ossification after Meningitis: Its Implications for Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Novak Michael A. , Fifer Robert C. , Barkmeier Joseph C. , Firszt Jill B. 
Published: April 2016

Labyrinthine ossification can be found in a high percentage of patients with profound deafness resulting from bacterial meningitis. Radiographic evidence of ossification can be found as early as 2 months after the acute infection, indicating that the intracochlear process probably begins much earlier. If long, intracochlear cochlear implants are to be most successfully used in these patients, an aggressive approach to clinical management following the meningitis should be taken. Illustrative case reports and suggested guidelines for evaluation and treatment are given.
Magnetic Transcranial and Electric Direct Stimulation of the Facial Motor Cortex in Dogs
Authors: Estrem Scott , Haghighi Siavash , Davis William E. 
Published: April 2016

Magnetic stimulation may allow noninvasive study of the entire course of the facial nerve. Our goal was to determine if evoked muscle action potentials can be obtained in facial musculature using electric direct cortical and noninvasive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the canine motor cortex. Thirty‐four dogs were studied with electric direct cortical stimulation through a craniotomy and magnetic transcranial stimulation of the facial motor cortex. Facial nerve stimulation in the cerebellopontine angle allowed comparison to cortical responses. Latencies of 6.08 and 9.52 msec for orbicularis oculi and levator nasolabial, respectively, were determined with magnetic transcranial stimulation, compared with 4.22 and 5.78 msec with electric direct cortical stimulation. In conclusion, magnetic stimulation of the facial motor cortex is possible in dogs, with longer central conduction times than with electric direct stimulation.
Otic capsule bony lesions in the palmerston north autoimmune mouse
Authors: Hertler Craig K. , Trune Dennis R. 
Published: April 2016

Otosclerosis is an otic capsule disorder of unknown etiology. While autoimmunity has been proposed as part of the etiopathogenesls of otosclerosis, no spontaneous autoimmune disease animal model has been identified. In the Palmerston North mouse, a model for systemic lupus erythematosus, sclerotic lesions consistently develop within the modiolus that are correlated with systemic autoimmune disease symptoms. No lesions were seen in 2‐month‐old mice, which is before autoimmune disease onset at 4 months. Lesions were first seen in mice at 6 to 8 months of age and increased in size and frequency thereafter. By 20 months, all ears examined had the otic capsule lesions, which were primarily perivascular in location and composed of both noncellular and cellular elements. The noncellular material was globular to fibrillar in arrangement and stained positively for calcium. The associated cells appeared to be metabolically active fibroblasts. It is proposed that the Palmerston North mouse may serve as a model to further investigate the role of autoimmunity in otosclerosis and other forms of otic capsule osteogenesis.
Hemilaryngectomy for salvage of radiation therapy failures
Authors: Rothfield Robert E. , Johnson Jonas T. , Myers Eugene N. , Wagner Robin L. 
Published: April 2016

Radiation therapy has been the treatment most frequently used for early vocal cord cancer with surgery usually in the form of total laryngectomy held inreserveas a salvage option. We report our experience in selected patients who, having failed radiation therapy for their early vocal cord cancers, underwent frontolateral hemllaryngectomy as attempted salvage surgery. Between 1977 and 1986, fourteen patients at the University of Pittsburgh Eye and Ear Hospital underwent hemilaryngectomy for salvage of their stage I vocal cord squamous cell carcinoma after full‐course radiation therapy had been unsuccessful. Over this same time period, 77 patients underwent total laryngectomy for salvage of radiation therapy failure. Three patients failed hemilaryngectomy, two of whom were ultimately salvaged with total laryngectomy. Thus a 79% salvage rate was achieved with hemilaryngectomy with an average followup of 90 months. The overall cure rate was 93% (13 of 14) with voice preservation in 86% (12 of 14). Decannulation, postoperative infection, and initiation of oral intake were not influenced by age. Such problems occurred more often in patients undergoing radiation therapy compared to those undergoing hemilaryngectomy without previous radiation therapy. These results indicate that hemilaryngectomy may be used for the salvage of radiation therapy failures of stage I vocal cord carcinoma with good success and without undue morbidity.