bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Cardiac Orienting Responses as an Early and Scalable Biomarker of Alcohol‐Related Neurodevelopmental Impairment
Authors: Mesa Diego A. , Kable Julie A. , Coles Claire D. , Jones Kenneth Lyons , Yevtushok Lyubov , Kulikovsky Yaroslav , Wertelecki Wladimir , Coleman Todd P. , Chambers Christina D. ,   the CIFASD
Published: November 2016

BackgroundConsidered the leading cause of developmental disabilities worldwide, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a global health problem. To take advantage of neural plasticity, early identification of affected infants is critical. The cardiac orienting response (COR) has been shown to be sensitive to the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and is an inexpensive, easy to administer assessment tool. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the COR effectiveness in assessing individual risk of developmental delay.MethodsAs part of an ongoing longitudinal cohort study in Ukraine, live‐born infants of women with some to heavy amounts of alcohol consumption in pregnancy were recruited and compared to infants of women who consumed low or no alcohol. At 6 and 12 months, infants were evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development‐II. CORs were also collected during a habituation/dishabituation learning paradigm. Using a supervised logistic regression classifier, we compared the predictive utility of the COR indices to that of the 6‐month Bayley scores for identification of developmental delay based on 12‐month Bayley scores. Heart rate collected at each second (Standard COR) was compared to key features (Key COR) extracted from the response.ResultsNegative predictive values (NPV) were 85% for Standard COR, 82% for Key COR, and 77% for the Bayley, and positive predictive values (PPV) were 66% for Standard COR, 62% for Key COR, and 43% for the Bayley.ConclusionsPredictive analysis based on the COR resulted in better NPV and PPV than the 6‐month Bayley score. As the resources required to obtain a Bayley score are substantially more than in a COR‐based paradigm, the findings are suggestive of its utility as an early scalable screening tool based on the COR. Further work is needed to test its long‐term predictive accuracy.
Effects of polyethylene glycol and a synthetic ice blocker during vitrification of immature porcine oocytes on survival and subsequent embryo development
Authors: Santos Elisa Caroline da Silva , Somfai Tamas , Appeltant Ruth , Dang‐Nguyen Thanh Quang , Noguchi Junko , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Kikuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Supercool X‐1000 (SC) as supplements during the vitrification of immature cumulus‐enclosed porcine oocytes in a solution based on 17.5% ethylene glycol + 17.5% propylene glycol. After warming, the oocytes were subjected to in vitro maturation, fertilization and embryo culture. In Experiment 1, equilibration and vitrification solutions were supplemented with or without 2% (w/v) PEG (PEG+ and PEG‐, respectively). The survival rate, cleavage and blastocyst development were similar between PEG+ and PEG‐ groups; however, all values were lower than those in the non‐vitrified control. In Experiment 2, vitrification solution was supplemented with or without 1% (v/v) SC (SC+ and SC‐, respectively). The percentages of survival and blastocyst development were similar between SC+ and SC‐ groups but lower than those in the non‐vitrified control. The percentage of cleavage in the SC‐ group was significantly lower than the control and the SC+ groups, which were in turn similar to one another. In both experiments, the cell numbers in blastocysts were not significantly different among the non‐vitrified and vitrified groups. In conclusion, PEG did not improve oocyte survival and embryo development, whereas SC improved the ability of surviving oocytes to cleave but not to develop into blastocysts.
Pharmacovigilance Skills, Knowledge and Attitudes in our Future Doctors – A Nationwide Study in the Netherlands
Authors: Schutte Tim , Tichelaar Jelle , Reumerman Michael O. , van Eekeren Rike , Rissmann Robert , Kramers Cornelis , Richir Milan C. , van Puijenbroek Eugène P. , van Agtmael Michiel A. ,   the Education Committee/Working Group Research in Education of the Dutch Society of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmacy (NVKF&B), Utrecht, The Netherlands
Published: November 2016

AbstractPharmacovigilance centres monitor the safety of drugs, based on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported by doctors, pharmacists and pharmaceutical companies. However, the under‐reporting of ADRs remains a major problem. Our aim was to investigate preparedness of future doctors for their role in pharmacovigilance, by assessing their pharmacovigilance awareness, skills and knowledge. The study was a nationwide e‐survey among medical students (third to sixth year) of all eight medical schools in the Netherlands. The survey consisted of questions regarding pharmacovigilance awareness, skills and knowledge. Overall, 874 students provided informed consent and participated (response 12%). Almost all students (96%) intended to report serious ADRs in their future practice. Almost half (44%) of the students did not know where to report an ADR, and 78% did not know which items were necessary for a good‐quality ADR report. While more than 78% of the students agreed that pharmacovigilance is an important topic in their medical education, only 26% found that their current curriculum covered pharmacovigilance adequately. Although ADR reporting is considered relevant and important among future doctors, many do not know where and what to report. This is highly undesirable and should have consequences for pharmacotherapy teaching.
Reversing defaunation by trophic rewilding in empty forests
Authors: Galetti Mauro , Pires Alexandra S. , Brancalion Pedro H.S. , Fernandez Fernando A.S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDefaunation has a major driver of biodiversity loss in tropical forests. Here we discuss how to reverse defaunation by re‐introducing key species in defaunated or restored forests.
Factors Influencing Church Choice: An Exploration of Responses from New Attendees at Growing Canadian Mainline Churches
Authors: Haskell David Millard , Burgoyne Stephanie , Flatt Kevin N. 
Published: November 2016

Seventy new attendees of growing Mainline Protestant churches in Canada agreed to be interviewed regarding what attracted them to, and kept them at, their current congregation. A variety of responses revealed that, in part, the new attendees were drawn to their Mainline Protestant church by aspects of Conservative Protestant theology. Contemporary theories of group membership are used to explore the links between Conservative Protestant theology, group cohesion, and, to a lesser extent, church growth.Soixante‐dix nouveaux participants provenant d'une église protestante traditionnelle au Canada en croissance ont accepté d’être interviewés au sujet des caractéristiques qui les ont attirés et qui les ont gardés à leur congrégation actuelle. Une variété de réponses a démontré que, en partie, les nouveaux participants ont été attirés par leur église protestante traditionnelle par les aspects de la théologie protestante conservatrice. Les théories contemporaines de l'appartenance au groupe sont utilisées pour explorer les liens entre la théologie protestante conservatrice, la cohésion du groupe, et dans une moindre mesure, la croissance de l’église.
Designed inhibitor for nuclear localization signal of polo‐like kinase 1 induces mitotic arrest
Authors: Chen Fangjin , Zhuo Xiaolong , Qin Tan , Guo Xiao , Zhang Chuanmao , Lai Luhua 
Published: November 2016

Polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1), a member of polo‐like kinase family, regulates multiple essential steps of the cell cycle progression. Plk1 is overexpressed in multiple cancer cell lines and considered to be a prime anticancer target. Plk1 accumulates in the nucleus during S and G2 phases by its bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence, which is crucial for Plk1 regulation during normal cell cycle progression. Here, through combined computational and experimental studies, we identified compound D110, which inhibits Plk1 kinase activity with an IC50 of 85 nm and blocks the nuclear localization of Plk1 during S and G2 phases. D110‐treated cancer cells were arrested at mitosis with monopolar spindle, indicating the inhibition of the Plk1 kinase activity in cell. As D110 interacts with both the ATP site and the NLS in Plk1, it demonstrates good selectivity toward Plk2 and Plk3. The strategy of simultaneously inhibiting kinase activity and its subcellular translocations offers a novel approach for selective kinase inhibitor design.
Individually dosed omalizumab: an effective treatment for severe peanut allergy
Authors: Brandström J. , Vetander M. , Lilja G. , Johansson S. G. O. , Sundqvist A.‐C. , Kalm F. , Nilsson C. , Nopp A. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundTreatment with omalizumab has shown a positive effect on food allergies, but no dosages are established. Basophil allergen threshold sensitivity (CD‐sens) can be used to objectively measure omalizumab treatment efficacy and correlates with the outcome of double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge to peanut.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether individualized omalizumab treatment monitored by CD‐sens could be an effective intervention for suppression of allergic reactions to peanut.MethodsSeverely peanut allergic adolescents (n = 23) were treated with omalizumab for 8 weeks, and CD‐sens was analysed before and after. Based on whether CD‐sens was suppressed after 8 weeks, the patients either were subject to a peanut challenge or received eight more weeks with increased dose of omalizumab, followed by peanut challenge or another 8‐week cycle of omalizumab. IgE and IgE‐antibodies to peanut and its components were analysed before treatment.ResultsAfter individualized omalizumab treatment (8–24 weeks), all patients continued with an open peanut challenge with no (n = 18) or mild (n = 5) objective allergic symptoms. Patients (n = 15) needing an elevated omalizumab dose (ED) to suppress CD‐sens had significantly higher CD‐sens values at baseline 1.49 (0.44–20.5) compared to those (n = 8) who managed with normal dose (ND) 0.32 (0.24–5.5) (P < 0.01). Median ratios for Ara h 2 IgE‐ab/IgE were significantly higher in the ED group (17%) compared to the ND group (11%).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceIndividually dosed omalizumab, monitored by CD‐sens, is an effective and safe treatment for severe peanut allergy. The ratio of IgE‐ab to storage protein Ara h 2/IgE as well as CD‐sens to peanut may predict the need of a higher omalizumab dose. Clinical trials numbers: EudraCT; 2012‐005625‐78, ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02402231.
Integrated total pelvic floor ultrasound in pelvic floor defaecatory dysfunction
Authors: Hainsworth A. J. , Solanki D. , Hamad A. , Morris S. J. , Schizas A. M. P. , Williams A. B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimImaging for pelvic floor defaecatory dysfunction includes defaecation proctography. Integrated total pelvic floor ultrasound (transvaginal, transperineal, endoanal) may be an alternative. This study assesses ultrasound accuracy for the detection of rectocele, intussusception, enterocele and dyssynergy compared with defaecation proctography, and determines if ultrasound can predict symptoms and findings on proctography. Treatment is examined.MethodImages of 323 women who underwent integrated total pelvic floor ultrasound and defaecation proctography between 2011 and 2014 were blindly reviewed. The size and grade of rectocele, enterocele, intussusception and dyssynergy were noted on both, using proctography as the gold standard. Barium trapping in a rectocele or a functionally significant enterocele was noted on proctography. Demographics and Obstructive Defaecation Symptom scores were collated.ResultsThe positive predictive value of ultrasound was 73% for rectocele, 79% for intussusception and 91% for enterocele. The negative predictive value for dyssynergy was 99%. Agreement was moderate for rectocele and intussusception, good for enterocele and fair for dyssynergy. The majority of rectoceles that required surgery (59/61) and caused barium trapping (85/89) were detected on ultrasound. A rectocele seen on both transvaginal and transperineal scanning was more likely to require surgery than if seen with only one mode (P = 0.0001). If there was intussusception on ultrasound the patient was more likely to have surgery (P = 0.03). An enterocele visualized on ultrasound was likely to be functionally significant on proctography (P = 0.02). There was, however, no association between findings on imaging and symptoms.ConclusionIntegrated total pelvic floor ultrasound provides a useful screening tool for women with defaecatory dysfunction such that defaecatory imaging can avoided in some.
Impact of acute kidney injury following liver transplantation on long‐term outcomes
Authors: Trinh Emilie , Alam Ahsan , Tchervenkov Jean , Cantarovich Marcelo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) after liver transplantation (LTx) ranges from 17% to 94%. AKI is associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased early mortality. In our cohort study, we examined the impact of AKI on long‐term patient survival and on the incidence of stage 4‐5 chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsWe studied 491 LTx recipients at a single center between 1990 and 2012. We identified 278 pts (56.6%) with AKI defined as either an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) ≥26.5 μmol/L within 48 hour or elevation in SCr 1.5× baseline within 7 days (KDIGO criteria).ResultsIn a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, survival was worse in patients with AKI (HR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.03‐1.92). Severe (stage 3) AKI was associated with worse patient survival (HR: 2.29, 95% CI 1.46‐3.58). The risk of developing stage 4‐5 CKD was also higher in patients with AKI (17.5% vs 9.1%) with a HR of 2.39 (95% CI 1.27‐4.47). Delaying initiation of calcineurin inhibitors >48H was not associated with a decreased risk of CKD.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that AKI after LTx is associated with poor long‐term outcomes, including worse survival and higher incidence of CKD stage 4‐5. Strategies to prevent and manage LTx patients with AKI need to be developed.
Assessing the effectiveness of China's protected areas to conserve current and future amphibian diversity
Authors: Chen Youhua , Zhang Jian , Jiang Jianping , Nielsen Scott E. , He Fangliang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimProtected areas are an important tool for conserving species. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of protected areas to conserve amphibian biodiversity in response to future changes in climate and land use.LocationChina.MethodsRange maps and occurrence records of amphibian species in China were analysed separately using ensemble species distribution modelling across three spatial scales to assess scale dependency. Climate velocity and corresponding residence time in protected areas and species’ ranges were calculated, together with a number of other effectiveness indices.ResultsPredicted declines in amphibian richness, endemism, phylogenetic diversity, phylogenetic endemism and suitable habitat were lower in protected than in unprotected areas, complementary‐priority sites or richness hotspots. However, less‐disturbed amphibian habitat, calculated from current and future projected land use data, in both protected and unprotected areas were consistently lost over time although this reduction was lower in protected areas. Although residence time of precipitation was longer in protected areas and within species’ ranges in protected areas, resident time of temperature was significantly shorter in both. These results were consistent regardless of data sources and spatial scales.Main conclusionsChina's current protected areas are predicted to maintain future amphibian distribution and diversity, but are insufficient in preventing the losses of suitable climate and areas of less‐disturbed habitat. The top 10% of future conservation gaps for amphibians were identified in China based on performance of effectiveness indices. The two largest gaps prioritized for future protected areas include the southern parts of Tibet and the Hengduan Mountains.
Speech affordances: A structural take on how much we can do with our words
Authors: Ayala Saray 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIndividuals can do a broad variety of things with their words and enjoy different degrees of this capacity. What moderates this capacity? And in cases in which this capacity is unjustly disrupted, what is a good explanation for it? These are the questions I address here. I propose that speech capacity, understood as the capacity to do things with your words, is a structural property importantly dependent on individuals' position in a social structure. My account facilitates a non‐individualistic explanation of cases in which speech capacity is undermined due to speaker's perceived social identity, e.g. episodes of silencing. Instead of appealing to interlocutors' implicit bias against speaker's identity, a structural approach refers to the positions interlocutors occupy in the social structure and the discursive conventions operating upon those positions. I articulate my proposal drawing on the notion of affordances. Each position within a social structure is associated with its own range of speech affordances. Thus, speech capacity is a function of the probability distribution of speech affordances across positions in the structure.
Landscape‐scale spatial abundance distributions discriminate core from random components of boreal lake bacterioplankton
Authors: Niño‐García Juan Pablo , Ruiz‐González Clara , del Giorgio Paul A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAquatic bacterial communities harbour thousands of coexisting taxa. To meet the challenge of discriminating between a ‘core’ and a sporadically occurring ‘random’ component of these communities, we explored the spatial abundance distribution of individual bacterioplankton taxa across 198 boreal lakes and their associated fluvial networks (188 rivers). We found that all taxa could be grouped into four distinct categories based on model statistical distributions (normal like, bimodal, logistic and lognormal). The distribution patterns across lakes and their associated river networks showed that lake communities are composed of a core of taxa whose distribution appears to be linked to in‐lake environmental sorting (normal‐like and bimodal categories), and a large fraction of mostly rare bacteria (94% of all taxa) whose presence appears to be largely random and linked to downstream transport in aquatic networks (logistic and lognormal categories). These rare taxa are thus likely to reflect species sorting at upstream locations, providing a perspective of the conditions prevailing in entire aquatic networks rather than only in lakes.
Exome array analysis of ischaemic stroke: results from a southern Swedish study
Authors: Söderholm M. , Almgren P. , Jood K. , Stanne T. M. , Olsson M. , Ilinca A. , Lorentzen E. , Norrving B. , Engström G. , Melander O. , Jern C. , Lindgren A. 
Published: November 2016

Background and purpose
Genome‐wide association (GWA) studies have identified a few risk loci for ischaemic stroke, but these variants explain only a small part of the genetic contribution to the disease. Coding variants associated with amino acid substitutions or premature termination of protein synthesis could have a large effect on disease risk. We performed an exome array analysis for ischaemic stroke.
Methods
Patients with ischaemic stroke (n = 2385) and control subjects (n = 6077) from three Swedish studies were genotyped with the Illumina HumanOmniExpressExome BeadChip. Single‐variant association analysis and gene‐based tests were performed of exome variants with minor allele frequency of < 5%. A separate GWA analysis was also performed, based on 700 000 genotyped common markers and subsequent imputation.
Results
No exome variant or gene was significantly associated with all ischaemic stroke after Bonferroni correction (all P > 1.8 × 10−6 for single‐variant and >4.15 × 10−6 for gene‐based analysis). The strongest association in single‐variant analysis was found for a missense variant in the DNAH11 gene (rs143362381; P = 5.01 × 10−6). In gene‐based tests, the strongest association was for the ZBTB20 gene (P = 7.9 × 10−5). The GWA analysis showed that the sample was homogenous (median genomic inflation factor = 1.006). No genome‐wide significant association with overall ischaemic stroke risk was found. However, previously reported associations for the PITX2 and ZFHX3 gene loci with cardioembolic stroke subtype were replicated (P = 7 × 10−15 and 6 × 10−3).
Conclusions
This exome array analysis did not identify any single variants or genes reaching the pre‐defined significance level for association with ischaemic stroke. Further studies on exome variants should be performed in even larger, well‐defined and subtyped samples.
Bank Risk Dynamics Where Assets are Risky Debt Claims
Authors: Peleg‐Lazar Sharon , Raviv Alon 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe structural approach views firm's equity as a call option on the value of its assets, which motivates stockholders to increase risk. However, since bank assets are risky debt claims, bank equity resembles a subordinated debt. Using this assumption, and considering the strategic interaction between a bank and its debtor, we argue that risk shifting is limited to states in which the debtor is in financial distress. Furthermore, risk shifting increases with bankruptcy costs and decreases with bank capital. Thus, increasing a bank's capital affects stability, not only through the additional capital buffer, but also by affecting the risk shifting incentive.
How long does the volumizing effect of a Zingiber officinale‐based lip plumper last?
Authors: Mazzarello V. , Solinas G. , Bandiera P. , Pomponi V. , Piu G. , Ferrari M. , Montella A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveLip plumpers should enhance lip volume. It has been shown that no noticeable result was obtained after long term use of these products. The present study has been carried out to assess lip plumpers’ short term effectiveness within 2 h from application.MethodsEffectiveness was assessed using non‐invasive techniques. The effect on vascularisation was analyzed with the Mexameter MX 16®, and the volume enhancing effect was assessed by anthropometric measures and profilometry analysis from 3D scanning electron microscope (SEM) images using Alicona's MEX software. Sixty female volunteers were recruited for the study and the measurements were taken 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after product application.ResultsProduct application produced a statistically significant increase of lip vascularisation during the first 15 min, which stayed unchanged until the 30th min, then decreased in intensity. The volumizing effect was revealed by 3D profilometry analysis only, not by anthropological measurements. The use of 3D SEM images showed an increase of 0.50 mm in the protrusion of the lip vermilion (MHP parameter) during the first 15 min from product application.ConclusionResults suggest that the lip plumper temporarily enhances vasodilation and increases lip volume.