bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment Effectiveness in Heart Failure with Comorbidity: Lung Disease and Kidney Disease
Authors: Gurwitz Jerry H. , Magid David J. , Smith David H. , Tabada Grace H. , Sung Sue Hee , Allen Larry A. , McManus David D. , Goldberg Robert J. , Tisminetzky Mayra , Go Alan S. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo assess the clinical effectiveness of beta‐blocker therapy in individuals with heart failure (HF) and chronic lung disease and of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE‐Is) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in individuals with HF and chronic kidney disease.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsIndividuals with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).MethodsWe undertook separate new‐user cohort studies to assess the effectiveness of beta‐blocker therapy in treating HF and chronic lung disease and ACE‐Is and ARBs in treating HF and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Individuals with a chronic lung disease diagnosis were included in the group with HF and chronic lung disease (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes 490–496, 518). Individuals with an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 were included in the group with HF and CKD. The clinical outcomes of interest were death from any cause, hospitalization for HF, and hospitalization for any reason. We fitted pooled logistic marginal structural models using inverse probability weighting, stratified according to HF type.ResultsFor individuals with HFrEF with chronic lung disease, beta‐blocker therapy was protective against death (relative risk (RR) = 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.44–0.77) and hospitalization for HF (RR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.60–1.00). For those with HFpEF, no statistically significant associations between beta‐blocker therapy use and any of the outcomes were observed. We found ACE‐I and ARB use to be protective against all three outcomes of interest in individuals with HFrEF (death from any cause: RR = 0.60, 95% 0.40–0.91; hospitalization for HF: RR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.28–0.67; hospitalization for any reason: RR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.45–0.89, respectively) and those with HFpEF (death from any cause: RR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.33–0.81; hospitalization for HF: RR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.18–0.68; hospitalization for any reason: RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.47–0.95).ConclusionLarge observational studies may allow for identification of important subgroups of individuals with HF that might benefit from existing treatment approaches. Our findings may also better inform the design of more‐definitive future observational studies and randomized trials.
Bond Strength of Resin Cement and Glass Ionomer to Nd:YAG Laser‐Treated Zirconia Ceramics
Authors: Asadzadeh Nafiseh , Ghorbanian Foojan , Ahrary Farzaneh , Rajati Haghi Hamidreza , Karamad Reza , Yari Amir , Javan Abdollah 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation on the surface properties and bond strength of zirconia ceramics.Materials and MethodsForty‐eight zirconia ceramic pieces (4 × 4 × 1 mm3) were divided into four groups according to surface treatment as follows: two control groups (no treatment) for resin bonding (CRC) and glass ionomer (GI) bonding (CGC); two laser treatment groups (Nd:YAG irradiation, 3 W, 200 MJ, 10 Hz, 180 μs) for resin bonding (LRC) and GI bonding (LGC). The ceramics in the control groups and the laser groups were distinguished by the application of different cements (resin cement and GI). Following surface treatments, the specimens were cemented to human dentin with resin cement and GI. After bonding, the shear bond strength (SBS) of the ceramic to dentin was measured, and the failure mode of each specimen was analyzed using a stereomicroscope. A one‐way ANOVA compared the average bond strength of the four groups. Pairwise comparisons among the groups were performed using the Games‐Howell test. The level of significance was set at 0.05.ResultsThe means (± standard deviation) of SBS values in the CRC, CGC, LRC, and LGC groups were 3.98 ± 1.10, 1.66 ± 0.59, 10.24 ± 2.46, and 2.21 ± 0.38 MPa, respectively. Data showed that the application of the Nd:YAG laser resulted in a significantly greater SBS of the resin cement to the zirconia ceramics (p < 0.001). The highest bond strength was recorded in the LRC group. In the CRC group, 75% of the failures were of the adhesive type, compared with 66.7% and 83.3% in the LRC and LGC groups, respectively. In the CGC group, all failures were adhesive.ConclusionsPretreatment of zirconia ceramic via Nd:YAG laser improves the bond strength of the resin cement to the zirconia ceramic. GI cement does not provide sufficient bond strength of zirconia ceramics to dentin.
Changes to Glazed Dental Ceramic Shade, Roughness, and Microhardness after Bleaching and Simulated Brushing
Authors: Rodrigues Carlos Roberto Teixeira , Turssi Cecilia Pedroso , Amaral Flávia Lucisano Botelho , Basting Roberta Tarkany , França Fabiana Mantovani Gomes 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate shade stability, surface roughness, microhardness, and compressive strength of a glazed feldspathic ceramic subjected to bleaching and simulated brushing.Materials and MethodsEighty‐eight glazed feldspathic ceramic specimens were made from microparticulate leucite and divided into eight groups (n = 10). The whitening products used were: Opalescence Trèswhite Supreme (Ultradent), Opalescence®\ PF 15% (Ultradent), and Oral‐B 3D White Whitestrips. All substances for whitening were used for 4 hours/day for a period of 14 days; the control group was not bleached. Next, half of the specimens were individually brushed. Microhardness and surface roughness data were subjected to three‐way ANOVA and Tukey test. The diametrical tensile strength data were subjected to two‐way ANOVA. The shade change data were analyzed using Kruskal‐Wallis, Mann‐Whitney, and the Student‐Newman‐Keuls test. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsGlazed feldspathic ceramic surface microhardness was significantly affected by bleaching agents (p = 0.007). Initially, glazed ceramic microhardness was significantly higher than that observed after contact with the bleaching agents, whether or not brushing was performed. The specimens submitted to bleaching in preloaded trays presented lower surface roughness values after brushing (p = 0.037). The surface roughness was significantly lower in the brushed specimens (p = 0.044). The diametrical tensile strength was not significantly affected by the application of bleaching agents (p = 0.563) or by brushing (p = 0.477). When the specimens were brushed, however, shade change was significantly influenced by the bleaching agent used (p = 0.041).ConclusionsBleaching agents associated with brushing cycles can alter surface properties and shade stability of glazed feldspathic ceramics, though such findings may not reflect the performance of unglazed feldspathic ceramics.
Contribution of virtual biopsy to the screening of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma: A pilot study
Authors: Poté Nicolas , Cauchy François , Albuquerque Miguel , Cros Jérôme , Soubrane Olivier , Bedossa Pierre , Paradis Valérie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsMicrovascular invasion (mVI) is a major prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that cannot be detected before surgery. Predictive biomarkers of mVI are thus urgently needed. We have developed an original approach of virtual biopsy to assess the performance of an immunohistochemical panel comprising three biomarkers of mVI (H4K16ac, H4K20me2, PIVKA‐II) for the prediction of mVI in HCC core needle biopsies (CNB).MethodsA test set of HCC surgical specimens (n = 64) and an independent validation set of HCC CNB (n = 42) were retrospectively constituted. Immunostainings were first quantified in the test set on the whole tissue section, to determine optimal cut‐off values for each marker. From the digitised image of the whole section, three virtual biopsies were provided. Immunostainings and accuracy of the panel for the prediction of mVI were further assessed in virtual biopsies and in the validation set of CNB.ResultsIn virtual biopsies, PIVKA‐II/H4K16ac had the best performance for prediction of mVI, with sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value (PPV), and predictive negative value (PNV) of 30%, 97%, 91%, 56%, respectively. In CNB, PIVKA‐II/H4K20me2 showed the best accuracy for prediction of mVI, with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 43%, 95%, 90%, and 62%, respectively. The two panels were independent predictive factors of mVI (PIVKA‐II/H4K16ac, P = .037; PIVKA‐II/H4K20me2, P = .026).ConclusionThis study shows that a panel of two markers is able to predict mVI in HCC CNB, and pave the way for the future development of prognostic biomarkers in HCC that could guide the therapeutic strategy.
The Attachment Imperative: Parental Experiences of Relation‐making in a Danish Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Navne Laura E. , Svendsen Mette N. , Gammeltoft Tine M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this article, we explore how parents establish relations with extremely premature infants whose lives and futures are uncertain. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in a Danish Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), we engage recent discussions of the limits of conventional anthropological thinking on social relations and point to the productive aspects of practices of distance and detachment. We show that while the NICU upholds an imperative of attachment independently of the infant's chances of survival, for parents, attachment is contingent on certain hesitations in relation to their infant. We argue that there are nuances in practices of relationmaking in need of more attention (i.e., the nexus of attachment and detachment). Refraining from touching, holding, and feeding their infants during critical periods, the parents enact detachment as integral to their practices of attachment. Such “cuts” in parent–infant relations become steps on the way to securing the infant's survival and making kin(ship). We conclude that although infants may be articulated as “maybe‐lives” by staff, in the NICU as well as in Danish society, the ideal of attachment appears to leave little room for “maybe‐parents.”
Reversible encephalopathy with focal brain edema in patients with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease
Authors: Kimachi Takeshi , Sugaya Keizo , Inoue Tomoyuki , Miyamoto Kazuto , Nakata Yasuhiro , Bando Mituaki , Isozaki Eiji 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNeuronal intranuclear inclusion disease is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease defined, pathologically, by the presence of round eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions. The adult‐onset form usually shows slowly progressive dementia with leukoencephalopathy. In the study of 57 cases of adult‐onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, Sone et al. reported two cases with encephalitic episodes with focal brain edema, although encephalitic episodes had not been reported as a symptom of the disease. Here, we describe two additional cases presenting as reversible encephalopathy with focal brain edema. In both patients, repetitive cerebrospinal fluid examinations showed no pleocytosis, although cortical involvement was evident. The diagnosis was made based on characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging findings and skin biopsy in the absence of other known conditions related to encephalopathy. These findings suggest that neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with encephalopathy of unknown etiology.
Ancient and contemporary expressions of panentheism
Authors: Meister Chad 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPanentheism has been one major view of God and the God‐world relation for many centuries. It is a middle view between classical theism on the one hand and pantheism on the other. This essay examines several expressions of panentheism. It begins with two ancient expressions, one by Plotinus and the other by Ramanuja. It then considers some reasons for the rise of panentheism in recent decades. One example of this rise is Charles Hartshorne's dipolar expression. After exploring Hartshorne's view, the article concludes by noting several objections to panentheism.
Trust Building or Vested Interest? Social Capital Processes of Cross‐Border Co‐Operation in the Border Towns of Tornio and Haparanda
Authors: Jakola Fredriika , Prokkola Eeva‐Kaisa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDuring the recent decade, scholars have started to pay more attention to how the local socio‐institutional environment affects the outcome of regional cross‐border co‐operation (CBC) programmes and projects. This paper studies the social capital processes of CBC, particular focus being on how power and trust relations are manifested in project networking and implementation governed by public authorities. The examination focuses on the border towns of Tornio (Finland) and Haparanda (Sweden) which share a common cultural history and a long tradition of co‐operation. The results, based on document analysis and 16 interviews, show that the CBC at Tornio‐Haparanda is not unproblematic but contested by different interest groups and actors. It involves practices of inclusion and exclusion that influence mobilisation, engagement and trust building between different actors. The social capital processes are intertwined with the local norms and values as well as with the strategic networking and pursuance of specific development objectives.
TomExpress, a unified tomato RNA‐Seq platform for visualization of expression data, clustering and correlation networks
Authors: Zouine Mohamed , Maza Elie , Djari Anis , Lauvernier Mattieu , Frasse Pierre , Smouni Abdelaziz , Pirrello Julien , Bouzayen Mondher 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe TomExpress platform was developed to provide the tomato research community with a browser and integrated web tools for public RNA‐Seq data visualization and data mining. To avoid major biases that can result from the use of different mapping and statistical processing methods, RNA‐Seq raw sequence data available in public databases were mapped de novo on a unique tomato reference genome sequence and post‐processed using the same pipeline with accurate parameters. Following the calculation of the number of counts per gene in each RNA‐Seq sample, a communal global normalization method was applied to all expression values. This unifies the whole set of expression data and makes them comparable. A database was designed where each expression value is associated with corresponding experimental annotations. Sample details were manually curated to be easily understandable by biologists. To make the data easily searchable, a user‐friendly web interface was developed that provides versatile data mining web tools via on‐the‐fly generation of output graphics, such as expression bar plots, comprehensive in planta representations and heatmaps of hierarchically clustered expression data. In addition, it allows for the identification of co‐expressed genes and the visualization of correlation networks of co‐regulated gene groups. TomExpress provides one of the most complete free resources of publicly available tomato RNA‐Seq data, and allows for the immediate interrogation of transcriptional programs that regulate vegetative and reproductive development in tomato under diverse conditions. The design of the pipeline developed in this project enables easy updating of the database with newly published RNA‐Seq data, thereby allowing for continuous enrichment of the resource.
Auditing as a means of detecting waste
Authors: Yazer M. H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThere can be numerous sources of waste in the transfusion service. The most obvious source is wastage of the blood products themselves, either by expiration on the shelf of the blood bank, or else after they have been issued to a patient location in the hospital but not used and not returned to the blood bank in time to be returned into the general inventory. Reducing expiration due to the former mechanism is the sole responsibility of the transfusion service – to make sure that its inventory is commensurate with the volume of transfusions performed at the hospital(s) that it serves. Audits of clinical practice, and the practices in the transfusion service itself, are essential to identify whether these sources of waste are occurring. For example, evaluating the crossmatch:transfusion (C:T) ratio for the various clinical services can identify those that order far more crossmatches compared to the number of red blood cell (RBC) units that they transfuse. Addressing and correcting this issue with the services with high C:T ratios can reduce the workload on the transfusion service by when fewer crossmatches are ordered, and the RBC inventory can be more easily managed if fewer RBCs are reserved for specific patients. Auditing the transfusion service can reveal wasteful practices, too. For example, the crossmatch:issue (C:I) ratio can indicate whether the transfusion service is optimizing their process (i.e. method and timing) of performing RBC crossmatches.
Damage control resuscitation: how to use blood products and manage major bleeding in trauma
Authors: Bommiasamy A. K. , Schreiber M. A. 
Published: September 2017

Exsanguination comprises 30% to 40% of mortality in trauma and is the leading cause of trauma mortality in civilian and military populations. Many different strategies have been suggested for the management of haemorrhage, but recently damage control resuscitation (DCR) and damage control surgery (DCS) have become mainstays of treatment. The main principles of DCR are permissive hypotension as well as prevention of the ‘lethal triad’ of acidosis, coagulopathy and hypothermia. Acidosis affects multiple physiologic processes as well as worsening coagulopathy. Hypothermia can worsen acidosis and cause coagulopathy. DCR is designed to prevent the lethal triad by minimizing crystalloid administration and providing a balanced blood product resuscitation in a 1:1:1 ratio of red cells:plasma:platelets to mimic whole blood. Adjuncts such as cryoprecipitate and tranexamic acid are frequently required, and their use may be guided by new coagulation tests including thromboelastography (TEG) and rotational thromboelastometry (TEM).DCS is used to complement DCR. DCS focuses on rapid and immediate repairs including control of haemorrhage, temporary repair of hollow viscus injuries and packing to control non‐surgical bleeding. The patient is then transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) and undergoes further resuscitation with DCR for the treatment of coagulopathies and metabolic derangements. Once the patient is adequately resuscitated, they are then taken back to the operating room for definitive surgery. DCR and DCS utilizations have improved outcomes for trauma patients, but further research is needed to continue to decrease preventable mortality from haemorrhage in the severely injured trauma patient.
Design Guidelines for the Safe Operation of Steam Surface Condenser Turbine Bypass on Combined Cycle Power Plants
Authors: Nightingale Darren M. 
Published: September 2017

The ability to bypass steam, around the steam turbine and directly into a steam surface condenser, has been a fundamental aspect of the design of base loaded power plants for many years. The increased dependence on natural gas, and the subsequent increase in the number of combined cycle plants, has provided additional challenges for the condenser designer, and also the plant operator, with respect to safely accommodating steam bypass.
However, the steam bypass requirements for modern combined cycle power plants differ significantly from those of traditionally base loaded plants, like fossil and nuclear. Higher cycle frequencies for steam bypass, faster start-ups, as well as increases in bypass steam temperatures and pressures, have all impacted the design criteria for the condenser. Indeed, for modern combined cycle plants, the bypass steam conditions are often higher than normal operation, such that the bypass requirements can very well dictate the overall design of the condenser. This, in turn, has resulted in an increase in the reported instances of operational problems, tube failures, condenser damage and plant shutdowns due to steam bypass related issues.
Recorded issues and reported failures experienced by combined cycle power plants during steam bypass, have been traced to causes such as transient conditions during commissioning, faster start-ups, the poor design and location of steam bypass headers internal to the condenser, over-heating due to curtain spray deficiencies, excessive tube vibration and tube failures. Many of these issues are based on an inherent lack of understanding of the impact of the rigors of steam bypass on condenser internals. Furthermore, operation of steam bypass outside of the generally accepted design parameters often compounds these problems.
This paper consolidates the learning and advances in the design of turbine bypass systems for steam surface condensers from the past 20, or so, years. It includes current design guidelines, as well as safe operational limitations, and general considerations for minimizing potential damage when operating steam bypass on a modern combined cycle power plant.
Included is a Case Study of how an existing fossil power plant that was repowered, along with the existing steam surface condenser that was modified to accept the bypass steam, experienced excessive erosion and damage during the past 10+ years of operation. The condenser was recently reviewed once again, and additional modifications were implemented to take advantage of current improvements in steam bypass design. This drastically reduced further erosion and improved the condenser availability, reliability and longevity; thereby improving the plant efficiency.