bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From metaphor to action: Embodied language cognition
Authors: Casado Pilar 
Published: June 2016

Las teorías que tradicionalmente han tratado de explicar cómo la actividad cerebral da lugar a la cognición se han servido de la metáfora del ordenador para describir que el modo en que el cerebro procesa información es transformándola en un código de símbolos que pueden combinarse entre sí siguiendo un conjunto finito de reglas. Sin embargo, recientes estudios, con paradigmas actualizados y ayudándose de las técnicas de neuroimagen, nos muestran que las actividades cerebrales que registramos cuando observamos un cerebro implicado en alguna tarea cognitiva son las mismas que observaríamos si ese cerebro se encontrase inmerso en el procesamiento perceptivo, motor o emocional de la información que está manejando para esa tarea. En este artículo, revisamos las últimas aportaciones de las teorías de la Cognición Corporizada que nos acercan a una nueva visión de la cognición humana.
Anomalous reflection from metasurfaces with gradient phase distribution below 2π
Authors: Ho You Zhe , Cheng Bo Han , Hsu Wei-Lun , Wang Chih-Ming , Tsai Din Ping 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Metasurfaces are artificial structures that have been demonstrated to possess the ability to manipulate light within a subwavelength spatial region. Here, we explore another unraised functionality of the energy redistribution of a metasurface by tuning the phase difference over a supercell. We also propose a practical nanorod-based design to achieve an anomalous steering reflection using the finite element method simulation. The proposed phenomena have potential applications in ultracompact nanophotonic systems and high-efficiency flat devices.
Computational nano-materials design of self-organized nanostructures by spinodal nano-decomposition in Eu-doped GaN
Authors: Masago Akira , Fukushima Tetsuya , Sato Kazunori , Katayama-Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We propose that nanostructures spontaneously generated by spinodal decomposition can be used as an efficiently luminescent material. The doping of Eu into GaN beyond the solubility limit forms EuN nanostructures, whose forms depend on the crystal growth method and conditions. The three-dimensional crystal growth generates the Dairiseki phase constructed of EuN quantum dots. These nanostructures are suitable for emission of red light and laser. The two-dimensional layer-by-layer crystal growth leads to the Konbu phase consisting of nanorods. The Konbu phase can be applied to the bottom-up construction of distributed feedback semiconductor lasers, which is currently built by the top-down nanotechnology such as photolithography.
Scaling limit for InGaAs/GaAsSb heterojunction double-gate tunnel FETs from the viewpoint of direct band-to-band tunneling from source to drain induced off-characteristics deterioration
Authors: Lin Wenbo , Iwata Shinjiro , Fukuda Koichi , Miyamoto Yasuyuki 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a method to classify the tunneling currents using simulations. The main objective is to investigate the effects of the direct source-to-drain tunneling, which is undesirable, in the case of devices with extremely short channels. We performed the classification of tunneling currents in InGaAs/GaAsSb heterojunction double-gate tunnel FETs based on this method, and we found that the direct-tunneling component increased dramatically in short-channel cases. The channel length must be 20 nm or longer, in case of InGaAs/GaAsSb heterojunction double-gate tunnel FETs, to limit the off-current within 10 pA/µm, which is required as per the ITRS LP.
Exchange bias controlled by electric current: Interplay of Joule heating and the induced field
Authors: Oda Kent , Moriyama Takahiro , Kawaguchi Masashi , Kamiya Michinari , Tanaka Kensho , Kim Kab-Jin , Ono Teruo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Exchange bias is a unidirectional magnetic anisotropy developed in a bilayer of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers. Its technical importance as a “fix layer” is seen in various spintronic devices. The exchange bias can also be a probe to investigate the antiferromagnetic layer as it partly reflects the magnetic state of the antiferromagnet. In this work, we investigated the modulation of the exchange bias by a flow of electric current in Pt/Fe50Mn50/FeNi and Cu/Fe50Mn50/FeNi. We show that the exchange bias can be modulated just by applying the current due to interplay among the Joule heating, Ampere field, and current-induced effective field.
High-frequency poly(vinylidene fluoride) copolymer transducers used for spectral characterization of settled microparticles
Authors: Melandsø Frank , Wagle Sanat , Decharat Adit , Habib Anowarul , Ahluwalia Balpreet S. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
High-frequency ultrasonic polymer transducers are used to investigate backscattering from spherical microparticles. These microspheres are immersed in water and allowed to settle on a polymer substrate acting as an ultrasonic contact material between the immersion fluid and the transducer. The experimental study is complemented with a three-dimensional (3D) numerical investigation; both yield rather long scattered waveforms in the time domain for the largest microparticles. The corresponding frequency spectra typically contain a number of minima values arising from wave resonances in the microparticles. The locations of these resonances, or eigenvalues, correlate strongly to the particle size. Good agreement is obtained between the experiment and the numerical model, which will help to identify the wave mode responsible for the extended scattering.
Shear wave transmissivity measurement by color Doppler shear wave imaging
Authors: Yamakoshi Yoshiki , Yamazaki Mayuko , Kasahara Toshihiro , Sunaguchi Naoki , Yuminaka Yasushi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Shear wave elastography is a useful method for evaluating tissue stiffness. We have proposed a novel shear wave imaging method (color Doppler shear wave imaging: CD SWI), which utilizes a signal processing unit in ultrasound color flow imaging in order to detect the shear wave wavefront in real time. Shear wave velocity is adopted to characterize tissue stiffness; however, it is difficult to measure tissue stiffness with high spatial resolution because of the artifact produced by shear wave diffraction. Spatial average processing in the image reconstruction method also degrades the spatial resolution. In this paper, we propose a novel measurement method for the shear wave transmissivity of a tissue boundary. Shear wave wavefront maps are acquired by changing the displacement amplitude of the shear wave and the transmissivity of the shear wave, which gives the difference in shear wave velocity between two mediums separated by the boundary, is measured from the ratio of two threshold voltages required to form the shear wave wavefronts in the two mediums. From this method, a high-resolution shear wave amplitude imaging method that reconstructs a tissue boundary is proposed.
Study on heavy matching layer transducer towards producing second harmonics
Authors: Zaini Zulfadhli , Osuga Masamizu , Jimbo Hayato , Yasuda Jun , Takagi Ryo , Yoshizawa Shin , Umemura Shin-ichiro 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Cavitation bubbles are microbubbles which can be incepted by highly negative pressure. Producing such highly negative pressure exceeding the cavitation threshold is difficult to accomplish due to nonlinear propagation followed by focal phase shift. By superimposing the second harmonic to fundamental is a way to significantly reduce the problem. However, the conventional design for an air-backed transducer is not suitable to generate both the second harmonic and fundamental at the same time. In order to overcome this problem, we propose a high impedance matching layer approach. Furthermore, we also construct a study to foresee the impact by adjusting the thickness ratio towards fundamental and second harmonic. Numerical simulation and experimental measurement have shown that by using a high impedance matching layer, efficiently generation of both the second harmonic (2 MHz) and fundamental (1 MHz) at the same time is possible. Besides, by adjusting the thickness ratio between piezocomposite and heavy matching layer will influence the amplitude of acoustic power over squared of voltage of the fundamental and second harmonic.
Improvement of high-voltage staircase drive circuit waveform for high-intensity therapeutic ultrasound
Authors: Tamano Satoshi , Jimbo Hayato , Azuma Takashi , Yoshizawa Shin , Fujiwara Keisuke , Itani Kazunori , Umemura Shin-Ichiro 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Recently, in the treatment of diseases such as cancer, noninvasive or low-invasive modality, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), has been put into practice as an alternative to open surgery. HIFU induces thermal ablation of the target tissue to be treated. To improve the efficiency of HIFU, we have proposed a “triggered-HIFU” technique, which uses the combination of a short-duration, high-voltage transmission and a long-duration, medium-voltage transmission. In this method, the transmission device must endure high peak voltage for the former and the high time-average power for the latter. The triggered-HIFU sequence requires electronic scanning of the HIFU focus to maximize its thermal efficiency. Therefore, the transmission device must drive an array transducer with the number of elements on the order of a hundred or more, which requires that each part of the device that drives each element must be compact. The purpose of this work is to propose and construct such a transmission device by improving the staircase drive circuit, which we previously proposed. The main point of improvement is that both N and P MOSFETs are provided for each staircase voltage level instead of only one of them. Compared with the previous ultrasonic transmission circuit, high-voltage spikes were significantly reduced, the power consumption was decreased by 26.7%, and the transmission circuit temperature rise was decreased by 14.5 °C in the triggered-HIFU heating mode.
Acceleration of lithotripsy using cavitation bubbles induced by second-harmonic superimposition
Authors: Osuga Masamizu , Yasuda Jun , Jimbo Hayato , Yoshizawa Shin , Umemura Shin-ichiro 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Shock wave lithotripsy potentially produces residual stone fragments too large to pass through ureters and significant injury to the normal tissue surrounding the stone. Previous works have shown that the collapse of cavitation bubbles induced by high-intensity focused ultrasound can produce small stone fragments via cavitation erosion. However, the erosion rate is hypothesized to be reduced by ultrasound attenuation by excessively generated bubble clouds. If so, it is important to generate the bubbles only on the stone surface. The effects of peak-negative-enhanced (PNE) and peak-positive-enhanced (PPE) waves obtained by second-harmonic superimposition were investigated to control cavitation bubbles. With the PNE waves, the bubbles were generated only on the stone surface and the maximum erosion rate was 232 ± 32 mg/min. All the fragments were smaller than 2 mm, which makes them pass through ureters naturally. The proposed method shows the potential to significantly improve the speed of lithotripsy.
Measurement of bottom-reflected sound in bottom-limited propagation environment
Authors: Hahn Jooyoung , Park Joungsoo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
To study the bottom reflection of underwater acoustic sound in a bottom-limited propagation environment, an experiment was conducted using four transmitting sounds in the form of a continuous wave from 1 to 6 kHz. The site of the experiment was a continental shelf region off the east coast of Korea where the bottom was composed of sandy mud. The mean water depth was 1100 m in the experiment area. Oceanographic data and acoustic data were collected simultaneously during the experiment. It was found that the sound pressure level decreased by 90 dB to 3.4 km and there is little frequency dependence because a strong direct path contributes more than a bottom-reflected path in sound pressure level. At a range between 6 and 7 km, there is a strong bottom-reflected ray path and frequency dependence exists because the bottom reflection loss varies with frequency at a given grazing angle. Sound pressure levels increase as the range increases between 6 and 7 km by 5.4, 1.9, 1.7, and 1.5 dB at frequencies of 1000, 2490, 3990, and 5490 Hz, respectively.
On a (p,k)-analogue of the Gamma function and some associated Inequalities
Authors: Nantomah K. , Prempeh E. , Twum S. B. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new two-parameter deformation of the classical Gamma function, which we call a (p,k)-analogue of the Gamma function. We also provide some identities generalizing those satisfied by the classical Gamma function. Furthermore, we establish some inequalities involving this new function.
Saturation of superstorms and finite compressibility of the magnetosphere: Results of the magnetogram inversion technique and global PPMLR‐MHD model
Authors: Mishin V. V. , Mishin V. M. , Karavaev Yu. , Han J. P. , Wang C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report on novel features of the saturation process of the polar cap magnetic flux and Poynting flux into the magnetosphere from the solar wind during three superstorms. In addition to the well‐known effect of the interplanetary electric (Esw) and southward magnetic (interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz) fields, we found that the saturation depends also on the solar wind ram pressure Pd. By means of the magnetogram inversion technique and a global MHD numerical model Piecewise Parabolic Method with a Lagrangian Remap, we explore the dependence of the magnetopause standoff distance on ram pressure and the southward IMF. Unlike earlier studies, in the considered superstorms both Pd and Bz achieve extreme values. As a result, we show that the compression rate of the dayside magnetosphere decreases with increasing Pd and the southward Bz, approaching very small values for extreme Pd ≥ 15 nPa and Bz ≤ −40 nT. This dependence suggests that finite compressibility of the magnetosphere controls saturation of superstorms.
Development of a tunable filter for coronal polarimetry
Authors: Tomczyk S. , Mathew S. K. , Gallagher D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMeasuring magnetic fields in the solar corona is crucial to understanding and predicting the Sun's generation of space weather that affects communications, GPS systems, space flight, and power transmission. The Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory Large Coronagraph (COSMO LC) is a proposed 1.5 m aperture coronagraph designed to synoptically observe magnetic fields and plasma properties in the large‐scale corona to improve our understanding of solar processes that cause space weather. The LC will observe coronal emission lines over the wavelength range from 500 to 1100 nm with a field of view of 1° and a spatial resolution of 2 arcsec. A spectral resolution greater than 8000 over the wavelength range is needed to resolve the polarization signatures of magnetic fields in the emission line profiles. The aperture and field of view of the LC set an étendue requirement of 1.39 m2 deg2 for the postfocus instrumentation. We find that a tunable wide‐field birefringent filter using Lithium Niobate crystals can meet the étendue and spectral resolution requirements for the LC spectrometer. We have tested a number of commercially available crystals and verify that crystals of the required size and birefringence uniformity are available. We also evaluate electro‐optical tuning of a Lithium Niobate birefringent filter by the application of high voltage. This tunable filter represents a key enabling technology for the COSMO LC.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Oxidative Dimerization of 2‐Phenylpyridine Derivatives
Authors: Xie Yanli , Xu Dongdong , Sun Wen‐Wu , Zhang Shi‐Jin , Dong Xiao‐Ping , Liu Bin , Zhou Yingbi , Wu Bin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe oxidative dimerization of 2‐phenylpyridine derivatives using cobalt catalysis is reported. Three types of reaction conditions were developed with different loadings of cobalt catalyst. Cross coupling of two different 2‐arylpyridines using cobalt catalysis proceeded with modest yields and selectivity.
Importance of Micropore–Mesopore Interfaces in Carbon Dioxide Capture by Carbon‐Based Materials
Authors: Durá Gema , Budarin Vitaliy L. , Castro‐Osma José A. , Shuttleworth Peter S. , Quek Sophie C. Z. , Clark James H. , North Michael 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMesoporous carbonaceous materials (Starbons®) derived from low‐value/waste bio‐resources separate CO2 from CO2/N2 mixtures. Compared to Norit activated charcoal (AC), Starbons® have much lower microporosities (8–32 % versus 73 %) yet adsorb up to 65 % more CO2. The presence of interconnected micropores and mesopores is responsible for the enhanced CO2 adsorption. The Starbons® also showed three–four times higher selectivity for CO2 adsorption rather than N2 adsorption compared to AC.
Copper‐Catalyzed Formal [2+2+1] Heteroannulation of Alkenes, Alkylnitriles, and Water: Method Development and Application to a Total Synthesis of (±)‐Sacidumlignan D
Authors: Ha Tu M. , Chatalova‐Sazepin Claire , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of alkenes, alkylnitriles, and water affords γ‐butyrolactones in good yields. The domino process involves an unprecedented hydroxy‐cyanoalkylation of alkenes and subsequent lactonization with the creation of three chemical bonds and a quaternary carbon center. The synthetic potential of this novel [2+2+1] heteroannulation reaction was illustrated by a concise total synthesis of (±)‐sacidumlignan D.
Boron nitride based polyaniline nanocomposite: Preparation, property, and application
Authors: Ahmad Sharique , Sultan Adil , Raza Waseem , Muneer M. , Mohammad Faiz 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, we report first time the electrical properties and photocatalytic activity of HCl doped polyaniline (Pani) and Pani/boron nitride (Pani/BN) nanocomposite prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline using potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) in the presence of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN). The prepared Pani and Pani/BN nanocomposite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning electron microscope, and Transmission electron microscope. The stability of the Pani/BN nanocomposite in comparison of Pani in terms of the DC electrical conductivity retention was investigated under isothermal and cyclic aging conditions. The Pani/BN nanocomposite in terms of DC electrical conductivity was observed to be comparatively more thermally stable than Pani. The degradation of Methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB) under UV‐light irradiation were 50 and 56.4%, respectively, over Pani and 65.7 and 71.6%, respectively, over Pani/BN. The results indicated that the extent of degradation of MB and RhB was greater over nanocomposite material than Pani, which may result due to high electron–hole pairs charge separation under UV light. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43989.
Expression of Long Interspersed Nuclear Element 1 Retroelements and Induction of Type I Interferon in Patients With Systemic Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Mavragani Clio P. , Sagalovskiy Irina , Guo Qiu , Nezos Adrianos , Kapsogeorgou Efstathia K. , Lu Pin , Liang Zhou Jun , Kirou Kyriakos A. , Seshan Surya V. , Moutsopoulos Haralampos M. , Crow Mary K. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveIncreased expression of type I interferon (IFN) and a broad signature of type I IFN–induced gene transcripts are observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other systemic autoimmune diseases. To identify disease‐relevant triggers of the type I IFN pathway, this study sought to investigate whether endogenous virus‐like genomic repeat elements, normally silent, are expressed in patients with systemic autoimmune disease, and whether these retroelements could activate an innate immune response and induce type I IFN.MethodsExpression of type I IFN and long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE‐1; L1) was studied by polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry in samples of kidney tissue from patients with lupus nephritis and minor salivary gland (MSG) tissue from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Induction of type I IFN by L1 was investigated by transfection of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) or monocytes with an L1‐encoding plasmid or L1 RNA. Involvement of innate immune pathways and altered L1 methylation were assessed.ResultsLevels of L1 messenger RNA transcripts were increased in lupus nephritis kidneys and in MSG tissue from patients with SS. Transcript expression correlated with the expression of type I IFN and L1 DNA demethylation. L1 open‐reading frame 1/p40 protein and IFNβ were expressed in MSG ductal epithelial cells and in lupus nephritis kidneys, and IFNα was detected in infiltrating PDCs. Transfection of PDCs or monocytes with L1‐encoding DNA or RNA induced type I IFN. Inhibition of Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR‐7)/TLR‐8 reduced the induction of IFNα by L1 in PDCs, and an inhibitor of IKKε/TANK‐binding kinase 1 abrogated the induction of type I IFN by L1 RNA in monocytes.ConclusionL1 genomic repeat elements represent endogenous nucleic acid triggers of the type I IFN pathway in SLE and SS and may contribute to initiation or amplification of autoimmune disease.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Desymmetrization of Silacyclobutanes with Alkynes to Silicon‐Stereogenic Silanes: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Zhang Jin , Xu Jin‐Zhou , Zheng Zhan‐Jiang , Xu Zheng , Cui Yu‐Ming , Cao Jian , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed desymmetrization of silacyclobutanes using electron‐deficient alkynes proceeds with high enantioselectivity in the presence of a chiral P ligand; this provides a facile approach for the synthesis of novel silicon‐stereogenic silanes. In this work, we used hybrid density functional theory (DFT) to elucidate the mechanism of the palladium‐catalyzed desymmetrization of silacyclobutanes with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. Full catalytic cycle including two different initiation modes that were proposed to be a possible initial step to the formation of the 1‐pallada‐2‐silacyclopentane/alkyne intermediate—the oxidative addition of the palladium complex to the silacyclobutane Si−C bond (cycle MA) or coordination of the Pd0 complex with the alkyne C≡C bond (cycle MB)—have been studied. It was found that the ring‐expansion reaction began with cycle MB is energetically more favorable. The formation of a seven‐membered metallocyclic PdII intermediate was found to be the rate‐determining step, whereas the enantioselectivity‐determining step, oxidative addition of silacyclobutane to the three‐membered metallocyclic PdII intermediate, was found to be quite sensitive to the steric repulsion between the chiral ligand and silacyclobutane.