bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of end‐stage renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Yu Kuang‐Hui , Kuo Chang‐Fu , Chou I‐Jun , Chiou Meng‐Jiun , See Lai‐Chu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to estimate the risk of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.MethodsA cohort with SLE and non‐SLE groups from Taiwan's longitudinal Health Insurance Database year 2000 (LHID2000) was developed. The SLE group was made up of those who were newly diagnosed with SLE in 2000. The non‐SLE group with other medical illnesses was made up of those who did not have SLE from 1996 until 2008 and that were also matched 1 : 1 with the SLE group by sex, age and initial diagnosis date (index date); 1196 (1058 women and 138 men) individuals in the SLE group were included in this study.ResultsBetween 2000 and 2008, 61 (2.55%) individuals (SLE, n = 58 [4.85%]; non‐SLE, n = 3 [0.25%]) had incident ESRD requiring renal replacement therapy. The incidence rates of ESRD were 612.8 and 29.3 cases per 100 000 patient‐years in the SLE and non‐SLE groups, respectively. The incidence of ESRD requiring renal replacement therapy occurred more frequently in male SLE (1157.0; 95% CI 502.4–1811.6) than female SLE cases (545.8; 95% CI 388.1–703.5) per 100 000 person‐years (P < 0.001). During the 8‐year follow‐up, after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, the hazard ratio (HR) for ESRD requiring renal replacement therapy was 18.2 times higher (95% CI: 5.7–58.2, P < 0.001) in the SLE group than in the non‐SLE group.ConclusionsESRD is more common in SLE than non‐SLE patients in this insurance database. Due to the lack of data on initial renal function and the renal parameters, the odds ratios do not represent the risk of ESRD in SLE patients compared to the general population, but only to those with non‐SLE chronic illnesses.
Level of business insights in the MD&A and nonprofessional investors' judgments
Authors: Li Wei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study examines how the level of business insights in a firm's MD&A interacts with its current financial performance to influence nonprofessional investors' judgments. Following the observations and guidance of the ASIC and SEC to define low‐and high‐insight MD&A, this study finds that low‐insight MD&A, when provided for a negative earnings surprise, increases investors’ judgments of the negative earnings persistence and hurts management reputation more than if no MD&A had been provided. High‐insight MD&A, when including a plausible external attribution, increases investors’ judgments of management reputation in the negative earnings surprise condition and decreases investors’ judgments of positive earnings persistence.
Perseveration of craving: effects of stimuli conditioned to drugs of abuse versus conventional reinforcers differing in demand
Authors: Martin‐Fardon Rémi , Weiss Friedbert 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAssociative learning is essential for establishing appropriate responses to cause–effect relationships and effective behavioral adjustments to environmental changes. However, learned associations also promote maladaptive behavior such as uncontrollable drug seeking in addicts exposed to drug‐associated stimuli. Here, we sought to identify behavioral characteristics that distinguish reward seeking produced by environmental stimuli conditioned to highly potent but non‐addictive conventional reinforcers from reward seeking induced by stimuli conditioned to addictive drugs. Rats were trained to associate discriminative (i.e. contextual) stimuli (S+) with availability of cocaine, ethanol, palatable sweet solutions or water during dehydration. Following extinction, response‐reinstating effects of re‐exposure to these stimuli were established in terms of magnitude and perseveration. Initially, the S+ produced strong reinstatement irrespective of association with conventional or drug reward. However, with repeated testing, S+‐induced reward seeking decreased to extinction levels when motivated by the sweet solutions but perseverated when motivated by cocaine or ethanol. In rats placed on water restriction to induce a motivational constraint, the S+ supported perseverating reinstatement identical to that produced by an S+ conditioned to cocaine. The findings suggest that behavior guided by associations between environmental stimuli and drugs of abuse is characterized by perseverating, apparently highly extinction‐resistant reward seeking, whereas behavior controlled by stimuli associated with conventional reward extinguishes rapidly in the absence of primary reinforcement. Reward seeking elicited by stimuli associated with natural reward can, however, become perseverative during physiological deprivation states. Possibly, perseverating drug seeking engages mechanisms overlapping with those that have evolved to promote alleviation of physiological deprivation to secure survival.
IL‐33 mediates reactive eosinophilopoiesis in response to airborne allergen exposure
Authors: Anderson E. L. , Kobayashi T. , Iijima K. , Bartemes K. R. , Chen C.‐C. , Kita H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundExposure to aeroallergens induces eosinophilic airway inflammation in patients with asthma and allergic airway diseases. The circulating number of eosinophils in peripheral blood is relatively small, leading us to hypothesize that bone marrow needs to be engaged quickly to meet the demands of the tissues.MethodsTo investigate the communication between the lungs and bone marrow, we used acute allergen exposure and airway inflammation models in mice. Gene‐deficient mice and cytokine reporter mice as well as in vitro cell culture models were used to dissect the mechanisms.ResultsNaïve BALB/c mice produced increased numbers of eosinophil precursors and mature eosinophils in the bone marrow when their airways were exposed to a common fungal allergen, Alternaria alternata. Expression of IL‐5 and IL‐33 increased rapidly in the lungs, but not in the bone marrow. Sera from allergen‐exposed mice promoted eosinophilopoiesis in bone marrow cells from naïve mice, which was blocked by anti‐IL‐5 antibody. Mice deficient in the IL‐33 receptor ST2 (i.e., Il1rl1−/− mice) were unable to increase their serum levels of IL‐5 and allergen‐induced eosinophilopoiesis in the bone marrow after allergen exposure. Finally, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lungs showed robust expression of IL‐5 after Alternaria exposure.ConclusionsThese finding suggests that lung IL‐33, through innate activation of ILC2s and their production of IL‐5, plays a key role in promoting acute reactive eosinophilopoiesis in the bone marrow when naïve animals are exposed to airborne allergens. Therefore, bone marrow eosinophilopoiesis may be affected by atmospheric environmental conditions.
A new perspective on universal preconception care in China
Authors: Zhou Qiongjie , Acharya Ganesh , Zhang Shikun , Wang Qiaomei , Shen Haiping , Li Xiaotian 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMany risk factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes can be identified and modified preconceptionally. Despite a broad consensus that preconception care should be provided to all couples of reproductive age, it has not been integrated in routine healthcare. There are several barriers to its implementation, and even in the most resourceful countries, it is only provided to some select high‐risk groups, rather than being an organized healthcare service provision to all. Recently, China seems to be leading the way by implementing preconception care nationwide in all rural areas. Its National Free Preconception Health Examination Project is a unique model of comprehensive preconception care. Advantages of this ambitious project are now becoming evident and benefiting the most vulnerable sections of Chinese society. This commentary provides an overview of National Free Preconception Health Examination Project and highlights the concepts that could be further developed and adapted into a model of preconception care.
Childbirth or termination of pregnancy: does paid employment matter? A population study of women in reproductive age in Norway
Authors: Eskild Anne , Herdlevær Ida E. , Strøm‐Roum Ellen M. , Monkerud Lars , Grytten Jostein 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionWe studied whether female paid employment is associated with pregnancy outcome; childbirth or pregnancy termination.Material and methodsAll women in Norway, 16–54 years of age, during the years 2007–10 were included. Data sources were; the Norwegian Central Person Registry, the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, and the Registry of Pregnancy Termination. We compared the proportion without paid employment among all women, women who gave birth, and among women who requested termination of pregnancy. Thereafter, and among pregnant women, we estimated the odds ratio for pregnancy termination request for women without paid employment by applying logistic regression analyses, using women with paid employment as reference.ResultsAmong all women 16–54 years of age, 23.5% were without paid employment. Among women who gave birth, 15.8% were without paid employment, whereas this proportion was 46.4% among women who requested pregnancy termination (p < 0.05). Among the 307 512 women who were pregnant, 60 734 (19.4%) requested pregnancy termination. The odds ratio for pregnancy termination request was 3.18 (95% CI 3.11–3.25) for women without paid employment. Adjustments were made for age, number of children, and region of residence in Norway.ConclusionBeing without paid employment was more common among women in the general population and among women requesting pregnancy termination than among women who gave birth. Hence, women seem to have children when they are in paid employment. The role of women's paid employment for reproductive choices should be further investigated.
Breast milk nutrient content and infancy growth
Authors: Prentice Philippa , Ong Ken K. , Schoemaker Marieke H. , van Tol Eric A. F. , Vervoort Jacques , Hughes Ieuan A. , Acerini Carlo L. , Dunger David B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimBenefits of human breast milk (HM) in avoiding rapid infancy weight gain and later obesity could relate to its nutrient content. We tested the hypothesis that differential HM total calorie content (TCC) or macronutrient contents may be associated with infancy growth.MethodsHM hindmilk samples were collected at ages 4–8 weeks from 614 mothers participating in a representative birth cohort, with repeated infancy anthropometry. HM triglyceride (fat), lipid analytes and lactose (carbohydrate) were measured by 1H‐NMR, and protein content by the Dumas method. TCC and %macronutrients were determined.ResultsIn 614 HM samples, fat content was as follows: [median(IQR)]: 2.6 (1.7–3.6) g/100 mL, carbohydrate: 8.6 (8.2–8.8) g/100 mL, protein: 1.2 (1.1–1.2) g/100 mL; TCC: 61.8 (53.7–71.3) kcal/100 mL. HM of mothers exclusively breast feeding vs. mixed feeding was more calorific with higher %fat, lower %carbohydrate and lower %protein. Higher HM TCC was associated with lower 12‐months body mass index (BMI)/adiposity, and lower 3–12 months gains in weight/BMI. HM %fat was inversely related to 3–12 months gains in weight, BMI and adiposity, whereas %carbohydrate was positively related to these measures. HM %protein was positively related to 12‐months BMI.ConclusionHM analysis showed wide variation in %macronutrients. Although data on milk intakes were unavailable, our findings suggest functional relevance of HM milk composition to infant growth.
Years of life that could be saved from prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cucchetti A. , Trevisani F. , Bucci L. , Ravaioli M. , Farinati F. , Giannini E. G. , Ciccarese F. , Piscaglia F. , Rapaccini G. L. , Di Marco M. , Caturelli E. , Zoli M. , Borzio F. , Sacco R. , Maida M. , Felder M. , Morisco F. , Gasbarrini A. , Gemini S. , Foschi F. G. , Missale G. , Masotto A. , Affronti A. , Bernardi M. , Pinna A. D. ,   the Italian Liver Cancer (ITA.LI.CA) group
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes premature death and loss of life expectancy worldwide. Its primary and secondary prevention can result in a significant number of years of life saved.AimTo assess how many years of life are lost after HCC diagnosis.MethodsData from 5346 patients with first HCC diagnosis were used to estimate lifespan and number of years of life lost after tumour onset, using a semi‐parametric extrapolation having as reference an age‐, sex‐ and year‐of‐onset‐matched population derived from national life tables.ResultsBetween 1986 and 2014, HCC lead to an average of 11.5 years‐of‐life lost for each patient. The youngest age‐quartile group (18–61 years) had the highest number of years‐of‐life lost, representing approximately 41% of the overall benefit obtainable from prevention. Advancements in HCC management have progressively reduced the number of years‐of‐life lost from 12.6 years in 1986–1999, to 10.7 in 2000–2006 and 7.4 years in 2007–2014. Currently, an HCC diagnosis when a single tumour <2 cm results in 3.7 years‐of‐life lost while the diagnosis when a single tumour ≥2 cm or 2/3 nodules still within the Milan criteria, results in 5.0 years‐of‐life lost, representing the loss of only approximately 5.5% and 7.2%, respectively, of the entire lifespan from birth.ConclusionsHepatocellular carcinoma occurrence results in the loss of a considerable number of years‐of‐life, especially for younger patients. In recent years, the increased possibility of effectively treating this tumour has improved life expectancy, thus reducing years‐of‐life lost.
Antinociceptive Interaction of Tramadol with Gabapentin in Experimental Mononeuropathic Pain
Authors: Miranda Hugo F. , Noriega Viviana , Prieto Juan Carlos , Zanetta Pilar , Castillo Rodrigo , Aranda Nicolás , Sierralta Fernando 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNeuropathic pain is the result of injury to the nervous system, and different animal models have been established to meet the manifestations of neuropathy. The pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain includes gabapentin and tramadol, but these are only partially effective when given alone. The aim of this study was to assess the antinociceptive interaction between both drugs using the isobolographic analysis and changes of the IL‐1β concentration in a mouse model of neuropathic pain (partial sciatic nerve ligation or PSNL). The i.p. administration of gabapentin (5–100 mg/kg) or tramadol (12.5–100 mg/kg) displayed a dose‐dependent antinociception in the hot plate assay of PSNL mice, and effects induced by gabapentin with tramadol were synergistic. Administration of gabapentin or tramadol reversed significantly the increase in the concentration of IL‐1β induced by PSNL after either 7 or 14 days and their combination was significantly more potent in reversing the elevated concentration of IL‐1β. The synergism obtained by the co‐administration of gabapentin and tramadol is proposed to result from action on different mechanisms in pain pathways. Gabapentin or tramadol or their combination modulates the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokine, IL‐1β, in a model of mice PSNL which could be due to an inhibition of glial function.
Birth Outcomes, Intervention Frequency, and the Disappearing Midwife—Potential Hazards of Central Fetal Monitoring: A Single Center Review
Authors: Brown James , McIntyre Andrew , Gasparotto Robyn , McGee Therese M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionMany birth units use central fetal monitoring (CFM) under the assumption that greater surveillance improves perinatal outcomes. The unexpected loss of the CFM system at a tertiary unit provided a unique opportunity to evaluate outcomes and staff attitudes toward CFM.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study compared patient data from 2,855 electronically monitored women delivering over a 12‐month period, where CFM was available for the first 6 months but unavailable for the following 6 months. Primary outcomes relating to neonatal morbidity and secondary outcomes relating to intrapartum interventions were examined. Additionally, birth unit staff members were surveyed about aspects of care related to CFM.ResultsThere were no significant differences in perinatal outcomes between the cohorts. While unadjusted analysis suggested a lower spontaneous vaginal birth rate (55.4% vs 60.3%) and a higher cesarean delivery rate (25.1% vs 22.0%, p = 0.026), together with higher epidural (53.0% vs 49.2%, p = 0.04) and fetal blood sampling (11.8% vs 9.4%, p = 0.03) rates in the presence of CFM, these differences were lost when adjusted for prostaglandin ripening. Over half of the staff (56.0% of midwives, 54.0% of obstetricians) reported spending more time with the laboring woman in the period without CFM.ConclusionsThis single institution's experience indicates that in birth units staffed for one‐to‐one care in labor, central fetal monitoring does not appear to be associated with either a benefit on perinatal outcomes or an increase in cesarean delivery and other interventions. However, it is associated with a reduction in the time a midwife spends with the laboring woman.
Influence of Skeletal and Local Bone Density on Dental Implant Stability in Patients with Osteoporosis
Authors: Merheb Joe , Temmerman Andy , Rasmusson Lars , Kübler Alexander , Thor Andreas , Quirynen Marc 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground and PurposeOsteoporosis is a major skeletal disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Recent studies claim that patients with osteoporosis do not have a higher risk of early implant failure compared to non‐osteoporotic patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of skeletal osteoporosis and local bone density on initial dental implant stability.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐three patients were recruited and were assigned (based on a Dual‐energy X‐ray Absorptiometry scan) to either the osteoporosis (Opr), osteopenia (Opn), or control (C) group. Forty nine of the 73 patients received dental implants and had implant stability measured by means of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) at implant placement and at prosthetic abutment placement. On the computerized tomography scans, the cortical thickness and the bone density (Hounsfield Units) at the sites of implant placement were measured.ResultsAt implant placement, primary stability was on average lower in group Opr (63.3 ± 10.3 ISQ) than in group Opn (65.3 ± 7.5 implant stability qutient (ISQ)), and group C (66.7 ± 8.7 ISQ). At abutment placement, a similar trend was observed: group Opr (66.4 ± 9.5 ISQ) scored lower than group Opn (70.7 ± 7.8 ISQ), while the highest average was for group C (72.2 ± 7.2 ISQ). The difference between groups Opr and C was significant. Implant length and diameter did not have a significant effect on implant stability as measured with RFA. A significant correlation was found between local bone density and implant stability for all regions of interest.ConclusionsImplant stability seems to be influenced by both local and skeletal bone densities. The lower stability scores in patient with skeletal osteoporosis reinforce the recommendations that safe protocols and longer healing times could be recommended when treating those patients with dental implants.
Experimental models for contamination of titanium surfaces and disinfection protocols
Authors: Sousa Vanessa , Mardas Nikos , Spratt David , Boniface David , Dard Michel , Donos Nikolaos 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this pilot study was to describe anin vitromodel of peri‐implantitis microcosm for contamination of titanium surfaces and anin vivomodel for evaluating different disinfection strategies of titanium surfaces.Materials and methodsBiofilms were grownin vitrofor 30 days on sandblasted large‐grit acid‐etched (SLA)Ti discs (n = 69) in a constant depth film fermentor (CDFF) associated with peri‐implantitis conditions. FourSwedish loop rabbits were randomly allocated in three test groups (T1, T2, T3) and one control group (C). In groupC, two sterileSLA Ti discs were implanted/fixed in each tibia. In the test groups (to evaluate the potential of different surface disinfection techniques), one sterile and three previously disinfectedSLA Ti discs were placed following different disinfection protocols: groupT1: the discs were treated with a titanium brush –TiB; groupT2: the discs were treated with the combination ofTiBand photodynamic therapy; and groupT3: the discs were treated withTiBand 1%NaOCl plus 0.2%CHX. Tensile strength test and qualitative histological analysis were performed on all 16 discs after 4 weeks of healing.ResultsThirty days followingCDFFemulating peri‐implantitis microcosm, allSLA Ti discs had a mean total viable aerobes and facultative anaerobes count of 8.06 log10 CFU/biofilm and anaerobes 8.32 log10 CFU/biofilm. Before implantation/fixation on the tibia, differences of log10 CFU/biofilm counts between control and test groups afterpost hocadjustment were highly significant (P < 0.001). In thein vivoanalysis, group C exhibited the highest tensile strength (67.60 N [25.64–127.02]) and the histological sections revealed the presence of dense mature bone in direct contact with the disc surface. The analysis at the test groups showed that T2presented with the highest tensile strength in comparison with the other two test groups.ConclusionsThein vitromodel used in this study provides a valuable and reproducible tool for evaluating thein vitrodynamics of the peri‐implantitis microcosm biofilm and for contaminating in a reproducible manner titanium surfaces. At the same time, thein vivomodel used in this study provides a standardised mode of evaluating disinfection modalities of previously infected titanium surfaces.
Quantifying population declines based on presence‐only records for red‐list assessments
Authors: Cruickshank Sam S. , Ozgul Arpat , Zumbach Silvia , Schmidt Benedikt R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAccurate trend estimates are necessary for understanding which species are declining and which are most in need of conservation action. Imperfect species detection may result in unreliable trend estimates because this may lead to the overestimation of declines. Because many management decisions are based on population trend estimates, such biases could have severe consequences for conservation policy. We used an occupancy‐modeling framework to estimate detectability and calculate nationwide population trends for 14 Swiss amphibian species both accounting for and ignoring imperfect detection. Through the application of International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List criteria to the different trend estimates, we assessed whether ignoring imperfect detection could affect conservation policy. Imperfect detection occurred for all species and detection varied substantially among species, which led to the overestimation of population declines when detectability was ignored. Consequently, accounting for imperfect detection lowered the red‐list risk category for 5 of the 14 species assessed. We demonstrate that failing to consider species detectability can have serious consequences for species management and that occupancy modeling provides a flexible framework to account for observation bias and improve assessments of conservation status. A problem inherent to most historical records is that they contain presence‐only data from which only relative declines can be estimated. A move toward the routine recording of nonobservation and absence data is essential if conservation practitioners are to move beyond this toward accurate population trend estimation.