bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phenomenological exploration of the occupational identity of late-diagnosed autistic women in the United Kingdom
Authors: Lynch Jessica , Murphy Angela , Cezar Da Cruz Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMany autistic women without an intellectual disability receive their diagnoses later in life. Little is understood about how gender, autism, and a late diagnosis intersect to impact the occupational identity of these individuals. Purpose: the current study aimed to explore how autistic women who received a diagnosis in adulthood describe key areas that influence the development of occupational identity. Methods: eight participants recruited from social media were interviewed through semi-structured interviews, and a reflexive thematic analysis was conducted on the rich accounts of their lived experiences. Results: three major overlapping themes included experiencing disconnection from one’s own volition, striving for occupational balance, and acceptance as a protective factor within these women's lives. Subthemes were in relation to personal reconciliation around difference and the dynamic between the person, environment, and the dominant socio-cultural context. The political, social, and economic landscape perpetuating neoliberal, individualistic and ableist ideals within practice is criticised considering the lived experiences presented in the findings. Conclusion: the necessity for collective health promotion through improving the basic standard of living according to the social determinants of health is highlighted.
Hall thruster model improvement by multidisciplinary uncertainty quantification
Authors: Eckels Joshua D. , Marks Thomas A. , Allen Madison G. , Jorns Benjamin A. , Gorodetsky Alex A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study the analysis and refinement of a predictive engineering model for enabling rapid prediction of Hall thruster system performance across a range of operating and environmental conditions and epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties. In particular, we describe an approach by which experimentally-observed facility effects are assimilated into the model, with a specific focus on facility background pressure. We propose a multifidelity, multidisciplinary approach for Bayesian calibration of an integrated system comprised of a set of component models. Furthermore, we perform uncertainty quantification over the calibrated model to assess the effects of epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty. This approach is realized on a coupled system of cathode, thruster, and plume models that predicts global quantities of interest (QoIs) such as thrust, efficiency, and discharge current as a function of operating conditions such as discharge voltage, mass flow rate, and background chamber pressure. As part of the calibration and prediction, we propose a number of metrics for assessing predictive model quality. Based on these metrics, we found that our proposed framework produces a calibrated model that is more accurate, sometimes by an order of magnitude, than engineering models using nominal parameters found in the literature. We also found for many QoIs that the remaining uncertainty was not sufficient to account for discrepancy with experimental data, and that existing models for facility effects do not sufficiently capture experimental trends. Finally, we confirmed through a global sensitivity analysis the prior intuition that anomalous transport dominates model uncertainty, and we conclude by suggesting several paths for future model improvement. We envision that the proposed metrics and procedures can guide the refinement of future model development activities.
Attractions and barriers to rural practice: impact of an interprofessional rural immersion experience, in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: MacPhail Corin , Maurice Sean B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHealthcare provider shortage is a widely recognized contributor to rural–urban population health disparities and inequities. Various strategies have been employed to increase healthcare provider recruitment and retention in rural areas, yet a maldistribution persists, with far fewer choosing to practice rurally. Providing opportunities for healthcare students to experience rural communities is important for building the rural health workforce. In this study, interprofessional healthcare students who participated in a week-long rural immersion experience were surveyed regarding attractions and barriers to rural practice. Thirty students participated in a week-long rural immersion experience, and of those, eleven elected to complete the survey. Students’ responses regarding their interests in and perceived barriers of living and working in rural communities were categorized into two main themes: lifestyle factors and career factors. Lifestyle factors were reported more frequently than career factors regarding attraction to rural practice, but they were reported with similar frequency regarding barriers. Participants reported that the immersion experience increased comfort with the idea of rural practice. Providing exposure to rural communities, and community engagement beyond clinical involvement, should both be considered when developing future rural health workforce recruitment focused initiatives.
Silver nanoparticles reinforced polyethersulfone composite for sustainable application
Authors: Owoyemi Helen Tola , Adewuyi Benjamin Omotayo , Oladele Isiaka Oluwole , Falana Samuel Olumide , Oyegunna Seun Ayodele , Ajileye Joshua Oluwatobi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolyethersulfone composites reinforced with biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were fabricated via compression molding at 30 GPa and 250 °C, with nanoparticle concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 wt.%. Neem leaf extract served as the bioreducing agent in AgNP synthesis. Characterization using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of spherical AgNPs with an average size of approximately 21 nm and a face-centered cubic structure. Mechanical testing revealed significant property improvements with the addition of AgNPs compared to the control. The 2 wt.% AgNP composite demonstrated optimal properties, including a 120% increase in tensile strength, a 246% increase in flexural strength, a 43.18% increase in hardness, and a 127% increase in impact resistance. The 2.5 wt.% AgNP composite exhibited optimum hardness and a 247% increase in flexural modulus, while the 3.0 wt.% AgNP composite had the highest tensile modulus with a 105% increase. These enhanced mechanical properties make the 2 wt.% AgNP composite suitable for demanding sustainable engineering applications, such as automotive systems, with the potential to reduce vehicle weight, improve fuel efficiency, and lower emissions. Additionally, it holds promise in renewable energy systems for cleaner energy generation and in water purification systems for use in filters or membranes, highlighting the potential of bio-synthesized AgNPs in advanced materials development.
Genetic association of cholesterol metabolism with the risk of depression and schizophrenia
Authors: Chen Zheng , Sui Guanghong , Yang Caixia , Lv Zongshun , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjective:Some observational studies have unexpectedly reported the association of cholesterol metabolism with mental and psychological disorders, but a firm conclusion has not been drawn. The aim of this study was to further investigate the effects of peripheral cholesterol traits and cholesterol-lowering therapy on depression and schizophrenia using a Mendelian randomisation approach.Methods:Instrumental variables meeting the correlation, independence and exclusivity assumptions were extracted from one genome-wide association study for predicting total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and nonHDL cholesterol. Instrumental variables for total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were also adopted to predict statin use (a type of cholesterol-lowering drug); these instrumental variables should not only satisfy the above assumptions but also be close to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR, the target gene of statins) on the chromosome. Three methods (including inverse variance weighted) were used to conduct causal inference of the above exposures with depression and schizophrenia. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess horizontal pleiotropy.Results:Higher levels of peripheral nonHDL cholesterol were nominally associated with a decreased risk of depression (P = 0.039), and higher levels of HMGCR-mediated total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were nominally related to a decreased risk of depression (P = 0.013 and P = 0.028, respectively). Moreover, these cholesterol traits cannot affect the risk of schizophrenia. Sensitivity analysis did not reveal any horizontal pleiotropy.Conclusion:The study provided some interesting, but less sufficient, evidence that nonHDL cholesterol may have a protective effect on depression, and lowering cholesterol using statins might increase the risk of the disease.
A CONJECTURE OF ZHI-WEI SUN ON MATRICES CONCERNING MULTIPLICATIVE SUBGROUPS OF FINITE FIELDS
Authors: LI JIE , WU HAI-LIANG 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Motivated by the recent work of Zhi-Wei Sun [‘Problems and results on determinants involving Legendre symbols’, Preprint, arXiv:2405.03626], we study some matrices concerning subgroups of finite fields. For example, let

$q\equiv 3\pmod 4$

be an odd prime power and let

$\phi $

be the unique quadratic multiplicative character of the finite field

$\mathbb {F}_q$

. If the set

$\{s_1,\ldots ,s_{(q-1)/2}\}=\{x^2:\ x\in \mathbb {F}_q\setminus \{0\}\}$

, then we prove that

$$ \begin{align*}\det[t+\phi(s_i+s_j)+\phi(s_i-s_j)]_{1\le i,j\le (q-1)/2}=\bigg(\frac{q-1}{2}t-1\bigg)q^{{(q-3)}/{4}}.\end{align*} $$

This confirms a conjecture of Zhi-Wei Sun.
Overuse of familiar phrases by individuals with Williams syndrome masks differences in language processing
Authors: Sederias Ioana , Krakovitch Ariane , Stojanovik Vesna , Zimmerer Vitor C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We investigated whether individuals with Williams Syndrome (WS) produce language with a bias towards statistical properties of word combinations rather than grammatical rules, resulting in an overuse of holistically stored, familiar phrases. We analysed continuous speech samples from English children with WS (n = 12), typically developing (TD) controls matched on chronological age (n = 15) and TD controls matched on language age (n = 14). Alongside word count, utterance length, grammatical complexity, and morphosyntactic errors, we measured familiarity of expressions by computing collocation strength of each word combination. The WS group produced stronger collocations than both control groups. Moreover, the WS group produced fewer complex sentences, shorter utterances, and more frequent function words than chronological-age matched controls. Language in WS may appear more typical than it is because familiar, holistically processed expressions mask grammatical and other difficulties.
Socio-demographic differences in the dietary inflammatory index from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018: a comparison of multiple imputation versus complete case analysis
Authors: Meadows Rachel J , Paskett Electra D , Bower Julie K , Kaye Gail L , Lemeshow Stanley , Harris Randall E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Studies using the dietary inflammatory index often perform complete case analyses (CCA) to handle missing data, which may reduce the sample size and increase the risk of bias. Furthermore, population-level socio-economic differences in the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) have not been recently studied. Therefore, we aimed to describe socio-demographic differences in E-DII scores among American adults and compare the results using two statistical approaches for handling missing data, i.e. CCA and multiple imputation (MI).

Design:
Cross-sectional analysis. E-DII scores were computed using a 24-hour dietary recall. Linear regression was used to compare the E-DII scores by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education and income using both CCA and MI.

Setting:
USA.

Participants:
This study included 34 547 non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults aged ≥ 20 years from the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Results:
The MI and CCA subpopulations comprised 34 547 and 23 955 participants, respectively. Overall, 57 % of the American adults reported 24-hour dietary intakes associated with inflammation. Both methods showed similar patterns wherein 24-hour dietary intakes associated with high inflammation were commonly reported among males, younger adults, non-Hispanic Black adults and those with lower education or income. Differences in point estimates between CCA and MI were mostly modest at ≤ 20 %.

Conclusions:
The two approaches for handling missing data produced comparable point estimates and 95 % CI. Differences in the E-DII scores by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education and income suggest that socio-economic disparities in health may be partially explained by the inflammatory potential of diet.
Neogene–Quaternary Channel Evolution and Provenance Shift of the Middle Yellow River
Authors: Xiong Jianguo , Zhang Peizhen , Deng Chenglong , Picotti Vincenzo , Liang Hao , Ren Zhikun , Wang Weitao , Kang Huan , Liu Qingri , Zhao Xudong , Zhang Xiuli , Zhang Yihui , Li Youli , Zhang Huiping , Zhao Xitao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe formation age of the middle Yellow River and the existence of a northward‐flowing river have been fiercely debated. The age distribution of detrital zircon varied spatiotemporally and produced contradictory provenance interpretations. The Jinshaan Gorge, the main part of the middle Yellow River and key to studying fluvial evolution and clarifying disputes, developed its topography during the late Cenozoic. In this study, we systematically review the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the North China Craton, perform detrital zircon U–Pb dating in the Neogene−Quaternary sediments and investigate the topography along the Jinshaan Gorge, and the sedimentology and chronological framework of these sediments. We propose that the Gorge of the middle Yellow River could have developed since the Neogene, controlled by the tectono‐geomorphologic evolution of the North China Craton in a dominantly extensional environment. No evidence supports a northward‐flowing river during the Early Pleistocene or even earlier in the Jinshaan Gorge. We attribute the provenance variations of the Cenozoic sediments to detrital mixing of diverse geological units, local and distant, and especially highlight the systematic provenance shift between the Neogene and Quaternary sediments caused by bedrock downcutting and recycling aeolian sediments. The increased 1.5−0.33 Ga component of the lower Yellow River during the Early Pleistocene was likely caused by enhanced loess accumulation and should not be individually used as a proxy for the Yellow River formation. We emphasize the significance of a comprehensive study of river evolution.
Lithospheric Structure Above the Northern Appalachian Anomaly: Initial Results From the NEST Array
Authors: Espinal Kimberly , Long Maureen D. , Karabinos Paul , Bourke James R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSeismic tomography observations show a low‐velocity feature in the upper mantle beneath eastern North America known as the Northern Appalachian Anomaly (NAA). Proposed models for the formation of the NAA include a remnant high‐temperature feature resulting from the passage of the Great Meteor Hotspot, edge‐driven convection, and ongoing asthenospheric upwelling. We investigate the structure of the lithosphere above the central portion of the NAA using data from the New England Seismic Transects (NEST) experiment. Ps receiver functions reveal two consistent interfaces beneath the dense northern line of NEST: the Moho (the base of the crust) and a deeper negative velocity gradient (NVG) feature located at depths between 60 and 110 km. We consider several potential explanations for this NVG feature; based on comparisons with previous results, we propose that it likely corresponds to the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary. Our results indicate that the lithosphere beneath New England is nonuniform and has likely been thinned.
Are Parameterized Entrainment Rates as Scale‐Dependent as Those Estimated From Cloud Resolving Model Simulations?
Authors: Zhao Yaxin , Wang Xiaocong , Liu Yimin , Wu Guoxiong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEntrainment rates at varying horizontal grid spacing were diagnosed and analyzed based on Large Eddy Model (LES) and Cloud Resolving Model (CRM) simulations of shallow and deep convection. Results show the estimated entrainment rates increase with increasing resolution, and the growth rate is roughly power‐law related to resolution. However, all commonly used parameterizations except for the buoyancy sorting scheme fail to reproduce the monotonic increase of entrainment with resolution, but rather a slight decrease instead. For these schemes, it is suggested the power‐law fitting formula derived from LES/CRM simulations can be used as a scaling function for high‐resolution entrainment correction. Preliminary tests show that the application of entrainment scaling largely reduces the parcel buoyancy and thus the convective available potential energy, favoring the reduction of parameterized convection at high resolution.
Ionospheric Radio Beacon Signal Analysis and Parameter Estimation Using Automatic Differentiation
Authors: Aricoche Jhassmin A. , Hysell David L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractContinuous wave signals from a network of high frequency (HF) beacons in Peru and other instruments are used to reconstruct the regional ionospheric electron number density in the volume surrounding the network. The continuous wave (CW) HF signals employ binary phase codes with pseudorandom noise (PRN) encoding, and the observables include propagation time or pseudorange, Doppler shift or beat carrier phase, and amplitude. A forward model based on geometric optics in an inhomogeneous, anisotropic, lossy plasma is used to relate plasma number density to the observables. Plasma number density is parametrized in terms of a modified Chapman profile in the vertical and biquintic B‐splines in the horizontal. Sensitivity analysis is required both to model the ray amplitudes and to solve the two‐point boundary problem for each ray. Sensitivity analysis is performed here using reverse‐mode automatic differentiation. In particular, we use an LLVM compiler (Clang), the corresponding OpenMP library, and the Enzyme Automatic Differentiation Framework plugin to compute the sensitivity (gradients) of ray endpoints with respect to their initial bearings. The resulting algorithm exhibits no performance penalty compared to variational sensitivity analysis and is far simpler to implement.
Artificial intelligence-enabled multipurpose smart detection in active-matrix electrowetting-on-dielectric digital microfluidics
Authors: Jia Zhiqiang , Chang Chunyu , Hu Siyi , Li Jiahao , Ge Mingfeng , Dong Wenfei , Ma Hanbin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn active-matrix electrowetting-on-dielectric (AM-EWOD) system integrates hundreds of thousands of active electrodes for sample droplet manipulation, which can enable simultaneous, automatic, and parallel on-chip biochemical reactions. A smart detection system is essential for ensuring a fully automatic workflow and online programming for the subsequent experimental steps. In this work, we demonstrated an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled multipurpose smart detection method in an AM-EWOD system for different tasks. We employed the U-Net model to quantitatively evaluate the uniformity of the applied droplet-splitting methods. We used the YOLOv8 model to monitor the droplet-splitting process online. A 97.76% splitting success rate was observed with 18 different AM-EWOD chips. A 99.982% model precision rate and a 99.980% model recall rate were manually verified. We employed an improved YOLOv8 model to detect single-cell samples in nanolitre droplets. Compared with manual verification, the model achieved 99.260% and 99.193% precision and recall rates, respectively. In addition, single-cell droplet sorting and routing experiments were demonstrated. With an AI-based smart detection system, AM-EWOD has shown great potential for use as a ubiquitous platform for implementing true lab-on-a-chip applications.
Ultra-sensitive nitrate-ion detection via transconductance-enhanced graphene ion-sensitive field-effect transistors
Authors: Xu Yingming , Zhou Peng , Simon Terrence , Cui Tianhong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrent potentiometric sensing methods are limited to detecting nitrate at parts-per-billion (sub-micromolar) concentrations, and there are no existing potentiometric chemical sensors with ultralow detection limits below the parts-per-trillion (picomolar) level. To address these challenges, we integrate interdigital graphene ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) with a nitrate ion-sensitive membrane (ISM). The work aims to maximize nitrate ion transport through the nitrate ISM, while achieving high device transconductance by evaluating graphene layer thickness, optimizing channel width-to-length ratio (RWL), and enlarging total sensing area. The captured nitrate ions by the nitrate ISM induce surface potential changes that are transduced into electrical signals by graphene, manifested as the Dirac point shifts. The device exhibits Nernst response behavior under ultralow concentrations, achieving a sensitivity of 28 mV/decade and establishing a record low limit of detection of 0.041 ppt (4.8 × 10−13 M). Additionally, the sensor showed a wide linear detection range from 0.1 ppt (1.2 × 10−12 M) to 100 ppm (1.2 × 10−3 M). Furthermore, successful detection of nitrate in tap and snow water was demonstrated with high accuracy, indicating promising applications to drinking water safety and environmental water quality control.