bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resting MAPK expression in chronically trained endurance runners
Authors: Nicoll Justin X. , Fry Andrew C. , Galpin Andrew J. , Thomason Donald B. , Moore Christopher A. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTPurpose: There is a paucity of research investigating the expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) in chronically trained (CT) athletes. Thus, it is unclear how MAPK may contribute to performance and muscle adaptation in CT subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine MAPK total protein, and phosphorylated expression of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), and p38‐MAPK (p38) between untrained, and chronically trained runners. Methods: Tissue samples were analysed from sedentary (SED; n = 5) controls and chronically trained runners (CT; n = 5). Resting muscle biopsy samples were analysed for total‐MAPK – and ratio of phosphorylated/total (p‐MAPK) – ERK1/2, JNK, and p38‐MAPK via western blotting. Mann–Whitney U tests and effect sizes were utilized to determine differences in total MAPK protein content and phosphorylation status between SED and CT subjects. Results: There was no difference in total‐MAPK expression between SED and CT (p > .05). p‐p38‐MAPK tended to be greater for CT compared to SED (p = .07). There were moderate effect sizes of decreased pERK/total‐ERK (d = −0.69) and increased pJNK/total‐JNK (d = 0.54) in CT compared to SED. There was a positive correlation between p‐p38‐MAPK/total‐MAPK and the percentage of type I fibres (r = 0.73, p = .016). Conclusion: Contrary to previous studies, chronic endurance training does not greatly influence total MAPK protein expression in chronically trained runners. However, resting phosphorylation of p38‐MAPK may contribute to enhanced oxidative metabolism at chronically trained levels. These alterations are likely involved in the different physiological adaptations that occur following long‐term training or at highly competitive levels.
A comprehensive method for identification of suitable reference genes in extracellular vesicles
Authors: Gouin Kenneth , Peck Kiel , Antes Travis , Johnson Jennifer Leigh , Li Chang , Vaturi Sharon Denise , Middleton Ryan , de Couto Geoff , Walravens Ann‐Sophie , Rodriguez‐Borlado Luis , Smith Rachel Ruckdeschel , Marbán Linda , Marbán Eduardo , Ibrahim Ahmed Gamal‐Eldin 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTReverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) is one of the most sensitive, economical and widely used methods for evaluating gene expression. However, the utility of this method continues to be undermined by a number of challenges including normalization using appropriate reference genes. The need to develop tailored and effective strategies is further underscored by the burgeoning field of extracellular vesicle (EV) biology. EVs contain unique signatures of small RNAs including microRNAs (miRs). In this study we develop and validate a comprehensive strategy for identifying highly stable reference genes in a therapeutically relevant cell type, cardiosphere‐derived cells. Data were analysed using the four major approaches for reference gene evaluation: NormFinder, GeNorm, BestKeeper and the Delta Ct method. The weighted geometric mean of all of these methods was obtained for the final ranking. Analysis of RNA sequencing identified miR‐101‐3p, miR‐23a‐3p and a previously identified EV reference gene, miR‐26a‐5p. Analysis of a chip‐based method (NanoString) identified miR‐23a, miR‐217 and miR‐379 as stable candidates. RT‐qPCR validation revealed that the mean of miR‐23a‐3p, miR‐101‐3p and miR‐26a‐5p was the most stable normalization strategy. Here, we demonstrate that a comprehensive approach of a diverse data set of conditions using multiple algorithms reliably identifies stable reference genes which will increase the utility of gene expression evaluation of therapeutically relevant EVs.
A weighted maximal inequality for differentially subordinate martingales
Authors: Bañuelos Rodrigo , Osękowski Adam 
Published: August 2017

The paper contains the proof of a weighted Fefferman-Stein inequality in a probabilistic setting. Suppose that

f
=
(

f
n

)

n
≥
0

f=(f_n)_{n\geq 0}

,

g
=
(

g
n

)

n
≥
0

g=(g_n)_{n\geq 0}

are martingales such that

g
g

is differentially subordinate to

f
f

, and let

w
=
(

w
n

)

n
≥
0

w=(w_n)_{n\geq 0}

be a weight, i.e., a nonnegative, uniformly integrable martingale. Denoting by

M
f
=

sup

n
≥
0

|

f
n

|

Mf=\sup _{n\geq 0}|f_n|

,

M
w
=

sup

n
≥
0

w
n

Mw=\sup _{n\geq 0}w_n

the maximal functions of

f
f

and

w
w

, we prove the weighted inequality

|

|

g

|

|

L
1

(
w
)

≤
C

|

|

M
f

|

|

L
1

(
M
w
)

,

\begin{equation*} ||g||_{L^1(w)}\leq C||Mf||_{L^1(Mw)}, \end{equation*}

where

C
=
3
+

2

+
4
ln
⁡
2
=
7.186802
…

C=3+\sqrt {2}+4\ln 2=7.186802\ldots

. The proof rests on the existence of a special function enjoying appropriate majorization and concavity.
Positive definite functions on the unit sphere and integrals of Jacobi polynomials
Authors: Xu Yuan 
Published: August 2017

For

α
,
β
∈

N

0

\alpha , \beta \in \mathbb {N}_0

and

max
{
α
,
β
}
>
0

\max \{\alpha ,\beta \} >0

, it is shown that the integrals of the Jacobi polynomials

∫
0
t

(
t
−
θ

)
δ

P
n

(
α
−

1
2

,
β
−

1
2

)

(
cos
⁡
θ
)

(
sin
⁡

θ
2

)

2
α

(
cos
⁡

θ
2

)

2
β

d
θ
>
0

\begin{equation*}\int _0^t (t-\theta )^\delta P_n^{(\alpha -\frac 12,\beta -\frac 12)}(\cos \theta ) \left (\sin \tfrac {\theta }2\right )^{2 \alpha } \left (\cos \tfrac {\theta }2\right )^{2 \beta } d\theta > 0 \end{equation*}

for all

t
∈
(
0
,
π
]

t \in (0,\pi ]

and

n
∈

N

n \in \mathbb {N}

if

δ
≥
α
+
1

\delta \ge \alpha + 1

for

α
,
β
∈

N

0

\alpha ,\beta \in \mathbb {N}_0

and

max
{
α
,
β
}
>
0

\max \{\alpha ,\beta \} > 0

. This proves a conjecture on the integral of the Gegenbauer polynomials in a work of Beatson (2014) that implies the strictly positive definiteness of the function

θ
↦
(
t
−
θ

)
+
δ

\theta \mapsto (t - \theta )_+^\delta

on the unit sphere

S

d
−
1

\mathbb {S}^{d-1}

for

δ
≥
⌈

d
2

⌉

\delta \ge \lceil \frac {d}{2}\rceil

and the Pólya criterion for positive definite functions on the sphere

S

d
−
1

\mathbb {S}^{d-1}

for

d
≥
3

d \ge 3

. Moreover, the positive definiteness of the function

θ
↦
(
t
−
θ

)
+
δ

\theta \mapsto (t - \theta )_+^\delta

is also established on the compact two-point homogeneous spaces.
Evaluating the Policy Proposals of the Food Movement
Authors: Lusk Jayson L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe shift in the population from majority food‐producer to majority food‐consumer has played a role in public calls to reform federal policy to focus more on the consumer implications of the food supply chain. This article critically evaluates the food and farm policy proposals recently offered by prominent members of the so‐called food movement. I demonstrate that the authors offer no consistent, underlying philosophical basis for when the federal government should (and should not) intervene and offer no framework for making tradeoffs when proposed “guarantees” come into conflict. Moreover, the authors misjudge the trajectory and impacts of changes in food and agriculture and thus overstate the urgency and scope for intervention. The authors’ numerous specific policy proposals tend to represent a hodge‐podge of ideas that have already been tried, are already being undertaken by the USDA, or fail to hold up under close scrutiny, although there is some common ground on a few proposals.
Treatment of Dissecting Distal Vertebral Artery (V4) Aneurysms With Flow Diverters
Authors: Corley Jacquelyn A , Zomorodi Ali , Gonzalez L Fernando 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Dissecting aneurysms of the intracranial vertebral arteries are rare; however, treatment of these presents multiple challenges, including high risk of rebleeding, development of thromboembolic strokes, and progressive partial thrombosis. Flow diverters, such as Pipeline Endovascular Devices (PEDs; Covidien, Medtronic Inc, Dublin, Ireland), have emerged as a potential treatment option.

OBJECTIVE
To present our experience with patients treated at our institution with PEDs for dissecting distal vertebral artery (V4 segment) aneurysms.

METHODS
A retrospective search of our prospectively maintained database was performed between January 2014 and December 2016. We queried our database for all patients treated with PED for dissecting aneurysms of the V4 segment. Information was gathered including demographics, the location and morphology of the aneurysm, the clinical presentation, specific form of treatment, complications, antiplatelet medication regimen, and follow-up time.

RESULTS
There were a total of 9 patients with dissecting V4 aneurysms treated with PED during the study period. All were treated initially with an average of 1.2 PEDs. All patients were followed with at least one repeat diagnostic angiogram and there was no residual aneurysm seen in 8 of 9 cases. In those that presented with neurological deficits, there was an average improvement in modified Rankin Scale of 2.85 points.

CONCLUSION
PED is a safe and effective tool that can be used to treat ruptured dissecting aneurysms of this specific segment of the posterior circulation, but it does require close management of antiplatelet therapy in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage and close angiographic follow-up.
Focusing megaproject strategies on sustainable best value of stakeholders
Authors: Kumaraswamy Mohan , Wong Kelwin Kar Wai , Chung Jacky 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Most megaprojects focus on overcoming current infrastructure capacity problems or opening up new business opportunities, while a few may be inspired by iconic-symbolic or socio-political drivers. Also, many megaprojects may be seen to focus on benefitting proximate stakeholders in the short-medium term. A case is made here, for aligning the immediate expectations from a megaproject with a parallel focus on the best overall value for all, including long-term stakeholders, thereby also targeting more meaningful and sustainable contributions to the built environment. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws together and synergises relevant findings from two completed PhD projects and another research project in Hong Kong. Additionally, a focused literature survey and a case study, also contribute to the development of the proposed concepts and strategies. This is therefore a hybrid between a “review” paper and a “conceptual” paper where a suite of significant improvements to current practice are conceptualised and proposed, based on logical integration of relevant findings from the above three research projects, literature review and case study.

Findings
Inadequate stakeholder engagement has led to many process disruptions and adverse outcomes in recent megaprojects. A structured approach focusing throughout on common overall value from the outset is proposed to achieve better and more sustainable megaproject outcomes. Specific recommendations include: aligning megaproject stakeholder objectives with regional or even national needs and targeting co-creation of common value through early stakeholder involvement in planning and design of built infrastructure megaprojects.

Originality/value
The increasing number, scale and complexity of megaprojects has amplified their impact on the built environment and its sustainability, hence the imperative to incorporate sustainability considerations, so as to formulate and manage megaprojects better. The proposed approaches in this paper can help revamp megaproject strategies towards such sustainable outcomes.
Co-productive interrelations between business model and zero carbon building
Authors: Zhao Xiaojing , Pan Wei 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The zero carbon building (ZCB) approach has gained momentum in improving energy performance and reducing carbon emissions. Despite policy promotion for achieving zero carbon, innovative business models (BMs) are needed to overcome the challenges and accelerate the ZCB uptake. However, little research has examined ZCB and BM in tandem, and business strategies for ZCB delivery. The purpose of this paper is to explore the theoretical relations between BM and ZCB.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on a critical review of the definitions, components, and theoretical bases of BM and ZCB, this paper develops a conceptual model that maps out the multifaceted interrelations between ZCB and BM at both project and organisational levels.

Findings
The results discover co-productive interrelations between BM and ZCB in four aspects, namely, value offering, project delivery process, stakeholder network, and revenue generation logic. Innovative BMs address the socio-technical challenges to delivering ZCBs through innovating BM components, while ZCB provides a new paradigm of organisational-level systems to BM innovations as a source of corporate competitiveness.

Practical implications
The findings will be of immense benefit to the decision makers of construction organisations in enhancing their business strategies for successful ZCB deliveries, and help to de-risk business innovations and ZCB take-up for their maximised synergies.

Originality/value
The findings contribute a novel approach to disentangling the complex co-productive interrelations between BM and ZCB. This review calls for a step change in future research into the two important areas, BM and ZCB, in an interrelated manner.
An analytic network process (ANP) model to examine LEED-certified buildings’ operational performance
Authors: Ozcan Deniz Gulbin 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to create and present a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design New Construction (LEED NC) building performance assessment model that will identify and prioritize external parameters affecting a LEED-certified building’s operational performance.

Design/methodology/approach
The uncertainty associated with external parameters affecting a LEED-certified building’s operational performance is examined through the use of analytic network process (ANP). An ANP model is created based on the extensive literature research and experiences of professionals in the green building industry. Eight case studies are analyzed, and data collected through interviews with experts are utilized in prioritizing external parameters affecting buildings’ operational performance.

Findings
The findings show that the most important external parameters affecting a LEED-certified building’s operational performance are lack of enhanced commissioning, lack of life cycle assessment/life cycle costing analysis, lack of energy modeling, and lack of knowledge in green technology. The results demonstrate that both asset value and profit, as well as the economic life of the facility, are mostly affected by the energy efficiency of the building, and consequently LEED NC energy and atmosphere category.

Originality/value
This research contributes to the body of knowledge on green architecture by defining and prioritizing external parameters and their relationships to operational building performance in LEED NC projects. The proposed model can be used by construction managers and facility managers to operate LEED-certified buildings better and reduce environmental impacts throughout the functional life cycle of the building.
The Co-Creation-Wheel
Authors: Ehlen Corry , van der Klink Marcel , Stoffers Jol , Boshuizen Henny 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
This study aims to design and validate a conceptual and practical model of co-creation. Co-creation, to design collaborative new products, services and processes in contact with users, has become more and more important because organisations increasingly require multidisciplinary collaboration inside and outside the organisation to respond to challenges and create added value.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a design and validation study, which uses mixed-methods, a reconstructive design and a semi-structured interview with a questionnaire as validation. The designed model is validated by 14 scholars and practitioners across fields.

Findings
Designed is a conceptual and practical model, the four-dimensional Co-Creation-Wheel, which contains success factors for co-creation: 12 internal team factors plus 4 external conditions and a core. The validation study of this model, scientifically and as a practical instrument, supported the importance of the components of the model and suggested slight improvements. This resulted in a refinement of the first designed Co-Creation-Wheel.

Research limitations/implications
Although restricted usefulness to large-scale structured innovation practices was expected, the instrument has a broader reach. First applications demonstrate that this Co-Creation-Wheel is multifunctional and international. It inspires, supports reflection of collaboration, stimulates interventions to enhance co-creation practices and human resource development (HRD) activities and is able to measure the quality of co-creation elements. Further research on its effects in co-creation practices is necessary, especially on the role of HRD in co-creation..

Originality/value
This study is the first to design and validate a multifaceted, holistic conceptual and practical model of co-creation that is easy to use for innovators in practice and is multifunctional.
Dimensions of role efficacy and managerial effectiveness: evidence from India
Authors: Bamel Umesh , Budhwar Pawan , Stokes Peter , Paul Happy 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
While a range of studies have been undertaken on role efficacy (RE) and managerial effectiveness (ME), understanding of the link between RE and ME in the extant literature remains underdeveloped and, in particular, there is a need to develop appreciation of the phenomenon in varying (national and cultural) contexts. The purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of ME by considering the relationship between RE and ME in the Indian context. In tandem with this focus, the study considers the parallel underlying dynamic and influence of social cognitive frameworks and adaptive self-regulation mechanisms.

Design/methodology/approach
The study employs a quantitative methodology and follows a correlational design. A survey questionnaire was employed sequentially (the independent variable was measured at time 1 and the dependent variable was measure at time 2) in order to collect data from 294 Indian managers. Structural equation modeling was used to ascertain the validity of measures and multiple hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test the study hypotheses.

Findings
The results of the study identify that RE dimensions, i.e. role making, role centering and role linkage were significantly and positively related to ME and these findings are particularly important in relation to the transforming cultures of Indian work and organizational environments. These findings advance the understanding of social cognitive theory and adaptive self-regulation processes in relation to RE and ME.

Practical implications
The empirical results of this study suggest that RE-related components may be used as means to boost employee effectiveness.

Originality/value
The study identifies a significant role for RE in relation to beneficial outcomes for ME. These findings contribute to the field of social cognitive mechanisms by establishing positive relationships in domain link efficacy, i.e. RE and ME.
Experimental investigation and analysis of factors influencing delamination and thrust force during drilling of carbon-fibre reinforced polymer composites
Authors: D Rajkumar , P Ranjithkumar , Jenarthanan M.P. , C Sathiya Narayanan 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a statistical model for delamination and thrust forcing during drilling of carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites using response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the input parameters (drill speed, drill diameter and feed rate) that influences the output response (delamination and thrust force) in the machining of CFRP composite using solid carbide drill cutter.

Design/methodology/approach
Three factors, three levels central composite face centred (CCFC) design, is used to conduct the experiments on CFRP by carbide drill. The whole quality evaluation (delamination) was done by video measuring system to measure the width of maximum damage of the machined CFRP composite. The thrust forces during drilling are measured using digital multi-component cutting force (Make: IEICOS, Model: 652) dynamometer. The “Design Expert 7.0” is used to analyse the data collected graphically. An analysis of variance is carried out to validate the model and for determining the most significant parameter.

Findings
The response surface model is used to predict the input factors influencing the delamination and thrust force on the drilled surfaces of CFRP composite at different cutting conditions with the chosen range of 95 per cent confidence intervals. The analysis on the influences of the entire individual input machining parameters on the delamination and thrust force has been carried out using RSM. This investigation revealed that the drill diameter is the eminent factor which affects the responses.

Originality/value
In all, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mm holes have been successfully made on CFRP using vertical machining center, whereas the previous researchers have not drilled hole size less than 1 mm in CFRP using vertical machining center.
Preparative separation and purification of flavonoids from Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo.
Authors: Zhao Yingyu , Chen Zhenbin , Li Jie , Liu Zhen , Liu Donglei , Li Zhizong 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to separate and purify flavonoids existed in Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo. by macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) mixed-bed technology.

Design/methodology/approach
The adsorption and desorption parameters were characterized by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The optimal MAR mixed bed was screened based on the adsorption experiments; the experiment process was investigated by the order of single, two and three MAR mixed bed separately; and the adsorption performance, which was composed by the authority of 80 per cent adsorption ratios and 20 per cent desorption ratios, was adopted to screen MAR mixed bed for flavonoids. The adsorption dynamic investigated the order of reaction first, and then the adsorption mechanism was researched further. The adsorption thermodynamic investigated the adsorption isotherm first, and then the adsorption feature was analyzed.

Findings
This research found that MAR mixed bed of LS-840 + LSD301 with mass ratio of mLS840:mLSD301 = 3:2 was the optimized combination, and the optimal conditions of the adsorption were volume V = 50 mL, time t = 6.5 h, T = 40°C. The desorption conditions were ethanol content = 70 per cent, desorption time t = 3.0 h, T = 40°C. The adsorption dynamic experimental data fitted better to the pseudo-second-order, and the intra-particle-diffusion model was more suitable for expression of the adsorption mechanism in mesopores process, whereas the homogeneous particle-diffusion model was more suitable in microspores. The adsorption was a physical and multilayer adsorption, and the adsorption driving force was disappeared as it transferred to the fourth layer.

Practical implications
Find an efficient way to separate flavonoids that useful for human’s health, which can not only utilize of plant resources effectively, but also make outstanding contributions to medical industry. It has very high economic and social value.

Originality/value
This contribution provided a new way to separate flavonoids from Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo. Under the optimal conditions, the adsorption rate (F) of MAR mixed bed LS-840 + LSD301 to the flavonoids was 97.81 per cent, the desorption rate (D) was 90.02 per cent and the purity of flavonoids was dramatically increased about 2.08 fold of the crude extract from 28 to 58.4 per cent, and the recovery yield of flavonoids arrived at 91.6 per cent after a circle of adsorption/desorption operation.