bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of polygenic risk on height and BMI in adults with a 22q11.2 microdeletion
Authors: Ying Shengjie , Heung Tracy , Morrow Bernice , Thiruvahindrapuram Bhooma , Yuen Ryan K. C. , Bassett Anne S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Adult height and body mass index (BMI) are highly heritable traits that can be influenced by both common variants, captured collectively in a polygenic risk score (PRS), and by rare variants of large effect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the modifying effect of PRSs for height and BMI in individuals where there is a baseline increased risk for short stature (<3rd percentile height) and obesity (BMI ≥30) conferred by the 22q11.2 microdeletion.
Methods
Genetic analyses were performed in 259 adults of European ancestry with a typical 22q11.2 microdeletion and available genome sequencing and phenotypic data. We applied published PRSs for height and BMI and tested for association using multivariable linear regression models, adjusting for clinical/demographic variables and 22q11.2 microdeletion extent.
Results
In multivariable linear regression models, the PRSs for height and BMI were significantly associated (p<0.001) with their respective traits, explaining 25.8% and 5.7% of the variance (ΔR2). The overall models (p<0.001) explained 33.9% and 14.7% of the variance (R2) for height and BMI, respectively. Significant additional covariate predictors of shorter sex-standardized height were longer (LCR22A-D) deletion extent, congenital heart disease, intellectual disability, and the first principal component of ancestry; for BMI, they were female sex and older age. When applying the height-PRS to stratify risk for short stature, we found that significantly more of those in the lowest PRS quintile had short stature, compared to those in the highest quintile (odds ratio=11.46, p=1.74E-05). Using logistic regression models to predict short stature, a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a model combining height-PRS and clinical/demographic covariates achieved an area of the curve of 0.78, performing significantly better than a covariate-only model.
Conclusions
The results demonstrate that adult height and BMI can be influenced by the effects of both a 22q11.2 microdeletion and genome-wide common variants. The findings contribute to growing evidence that polygenic risk together with other standard factors can shape adult outcomes of a high-impact rare variant. For height in 22q11.2 microdeletion, PRS may be approaching clinical utility.
Immunogenicity and safety of the domestic and imported live-attenuated varicella vaccine in healthy Chinese population: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Yemin , Wang Tong , Xia Yiqi , Shi Zhenyu , He Ping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to synthesize the available evidence to compare the immunogenicity and safety of domestic and imported live-attenuated varicella vaccine (VarV) in healthy Chinese population.
Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), Wan Fang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed) were searched using predefined search terms to identify relevant studies. The included articles reported varicella vaccine administration in healthy Chinese population. We calculated the pooled proportion of seroconversions and adverse events, and assessed the quality of each study using the modified Jadad Scale and Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS).
Results
The pooled seroconversion proportion of domestic Varv was 89% (95%CI: 86%-91%) and that of imported Varv was 93% (95%CI: 88%-98%). The difference was not statistically significant. The pooled proportion of systemic reactions for domestic Varv (11%, 95%CI: 10%-13%) was higher than that of imported Varv (8%, 95%CI: 6%-10%; χ2 = 8.04, P < 0.001), but the results were opposite for local reactions (domestic Varv: 3%, 95%CI: 2%-3%; imported Varv: 7%, 95%CI: 3%-10%; χ2 = 5.30, P = 0.020).
Conclusions
Both domestic and imported varicella vaccines are effective and safe in the Chinese population. More evidence on imported vaccines is needed in the future to supplement our findings.
Zero Trust-Based Detection of Ransomware Spread in Distributed Clinical Systems
Authors: Kicokop Matthew , Ochoa David , Torres Christopher 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Healthcare systems face increasingly severe ransomware threats as the digital infrastructure of clinical environments becomes more distributed and interconnected. A novel approach has been developed to address this growing vulnerability through the implementation of a zero trust architecture specifically designed to detect and contain ransomware spread within healthcare networks. The system leverages continuous device authentication, micro-segmentation, and real-time traffic monitoring to provide comprehensive protection against known and unknown ransomware variants. By integrating machine learning algorithms and behavioral analysis into the detection framework, the system can adapt dynamically to emerging threats while maintaining minimal false positives and rapid response times. Experiments conducted in simulated clinical environments demonstrated the system's high accuracy in ransomware detection, rapid containment capabilities, and low overhead, highlighting its scalability and effectiveness for large-scale healthcare networks. The findings demonstrate the importance of adopting a zero trust-based cybersecurity framework to ensure the protection and resilience of critical healthcare infrastructure.
Causal Associations Between Imaging-derived Phenotypes and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Chen Zhichun , Liu Jun , You Yong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background Accumulating observational studies have suggested associations between imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) and common neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The goal of this study is to evaluate the causal associations between structural and functional IDPs and 4 neurodegenerative disorders, including AD, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) studies were conducted using summary statistics obtained from genome-wide association studies of 3909 IDPs from UK biobank and 4 neurodegenerative disorders.Results Forward MR analysis showed that volume of cerebral white matter in the left hemisphere was associated with increased risk of ALS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–1.22, P = 3.52 x 10− 6). In reverse MR analysis, we revealed genetically determined risk of AD and MS were associated with multiple IDPs (all P < 1.28 x 10− 5[0.05/3909], 9 IDPs in AD and 4 IDPs in MS). For example, genetically determined risk of AD was causally associated with reduced volume of gray matter in right ventral striatum (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93–0.97, P = 4.68 x 10− 7) and lower rfMRI amplitudes in several nodes (ICA25 node 9, ICA25 node 8, and ICA100 node 11). Additionally, genetically determined risk of MS was causally associated with reduced volume in left putamen (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.97–0.98, P = 4.47 x 10− 7) and increased orientation dispersion index in right hippocampus (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.04, P = 2.02 x 10− 6).Conclusions Our study suggested plausible causal associations between risk of NDDs and brain IDPs. These findings might hold promise for identifying new disease mechanisms and developing novel preventative therapies for NDDs at the brain imaging levels.
Strategizing Russia’s Trade with Some Countries in East and South-East Asia
Authors: Yakovlev Artem , Malyutina Olga , Bagamaeva Juma 
Published: September 2024

As western sanctions affect Russia’s foreign policy, its foreign trade policy takes a turn to the East. Econometric modelling applied to the strategy of trade flows may reveal some important factors that affect the volume of Russian trade with Asian countries. The authors assessed the prospects for the development of trade relations between Russia and some countries of East and South-East Asia.	The study focuses on international trade relations between the Russian Federation and some countries of East and South-East Asia, i.e., China, India, Vietnam, and Singapore. The methods included econometric and graphical modeling, as well as a comparative analysis.	The gravity model confirmed Russia’s reorientation to the East. However, the geographic distance has a negative impact on the trade volume, increasing the delivery cost and time. Free trade areas, on the other hand, facilitate the trade, e.g., with Vietnam and Singapore.	According to the gravity model, the coming years will witness an increase in the trade cooperation between the Russian Federation and the abovementioned Asian countries as Russia’s foreign trade policy gathers pace in the new geopolitical reality. A potential free trade area will strengthen Russia’s trade bonds with the People’s Republic of China.
Light-assisted microbial electrochemical technologies for bioelectricity generation and product recovery
Authors: Rajpurohit Praveen , Behera Manaswini 
Published: September 2024

With the increase in demand for the improvement of microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) for bioelectricity generation and product recovery, light-assisted METs have developed as an option. The use of light helps in the electrohydrogenesis process at the cathode. Various variants of light-assisted METs employ photosynthetic bacteria/algae, anode and photocathode assembly, and so on. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) using photosynthetic bacteria, bioelectrodes, and hybrids of photoelectrocatalytic cells (PECs) and MFCs show superior performance compared to individual MFCs. The dye-sensitized solar cell coupling of MFCs helps enhance electrohydrogenesis and H2 production.
This book chapter deals with all types of light-assisted METs. The effect of the configuration, electrode material, electrolyte, and physical and chemical factors on the performance of light-assisted METs is discussed. The miniaturizing and stacking of reactors in solar-assisted METs is a current approach showing superior performance. The value-added products formed at the cathodic compartment, carbon-based or H2 gas, are discussed and reported literature compared with the enhanced recovery of existing METs.
Space–time prediction of residual chlorine in a water distribution network using artificial intelligence and the EPANET hydraulic model
Authors: Kwio-Tamale Julius Caesar , Onyutha Charles 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Insufficient knowledge of physical models and difficulty in fitting statistical models impair the choice of models to regulate residual chlorine in water distribution. This paper compared the performance of physical and statistical models in predicting residual chlorine concentrations in drinking water distribution. Drinking water was sampled from the downstream 128 water points water pipeline. Online chlorine concentrations were determined at water draw-off points. EPANET, the physical model, was used because of its efficiency in tracking dissolved chemicals. Statistical models used were regression, decision tree, random forest and artificial neural network. In the whole distribution network, the artificial neural network performed at R2 of 94%, multi-linear regression (62%), random forest (55%), decision tree (41%), and EPANET (24%). However, EPANET yielded improved performance with R2 above 70% when separately applied to individual sub-distribution networks; hence, is recommended for secondary chlorination in small distribution networks. For modelling large distribution networks, statistical models, especially an artificial neural network, are recommended. However, such cases still need support from confirmatory systems of interpretable parametric or hydraulic models that can achieve good performance with R2 ≥ 80%. Water utilities can use these results to deploy model(s) for managing residual chlorine within safe limits of residual chlorine concentration in water distribution practice.
Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles (FeNPs) using Aqueous Extract of Murraya koenigii Leaves: Synthesis Mechanism, Characterization Process and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Samarawickrama Rumesh , Wijayapala Samudrika , Fernando Annesly Nandana 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Green synthesis is the method of producing metal and metal oxide nanoparticles
from the extraction of plant materials. This study aims to synthesize iron nanoparticles (FeNPs)
using an aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii leaves as an eco-friendly approach and subsequently
characterize the synthesized FeNPs to understand their structural, morphological, compositional and
optical properties.

Methods:
The aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii leaves and 0.1M ferric chloride solution were
combined at room temperature in a 1:2 volume ratio. The synthesized FeNPs were characterized
using analysis methods of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX),
X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), UV-visible (UV-vis) and Tacu plot.

Results:
SEM images discovered that the particles were in the nanoscale range and their morphology
appeared spherical shape. The EDX study was used to identify the composition of the elements of
synthesized FeNPs. The crystal structure of the synthesised FeNPs was shown in the XRD spectrum.
The FTIR spectrum showed many distinctive bands and the bands revealed active components for
functional groups in the synthesized FeNPs. The UV-vis spectrum revealed an absorbance peak
range of 240-310 nm for FeNP formation with a maximal peak at 273 nm. The band gap energy of
the synthesized FeNPs was found to be 2.07 eV using the Tauc plot method. Also, the synthesized
FeNPs exhibited a significant antibacterial effect against bacterial pathogens.

Conclusion:
The results of the characterization methods strongly suggest that the aqueous leaf extract
of Murraya koenigii can be used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the green synthesis of
FeNPs.
A Literature-Based Study of Tardive Dyskinesia- From Pathogenesis to Treatment
Authors: Kalita Banjit , Chakraborty Tapash , Ghose Shatabdi , Kalita Bhaskarjyoti 
Published: September 2024

:
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is induced by antipsychotic drugs that have dopamineantagonising
properties. It frequently causes physical and mental anguish in individuals, lowering
their quality of life. Recent research on the aetiology and pathogenesis of TD indicates that genetic
predisposition, treatment options, age, sex, and lifestyle factors are among the key risk factors contributing
to the development of TD. Various genetic polymorphisms along with severe oxidative
stress and other diseased conditions help to precipitate TD while on antipsychotic medications or
other dopamine receptor blockers. Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia are at a higher likelihood
of developing TD. The current piece of literature aims to review the probable underlying
mechanisms of TD, explore its pathophysiology, address the diagnostic challenges, and present the
available treatment options. This comprehensive analysis draws from a range of published peerreviewed
publications, presenting the information in a clear and accessible manner.
Relasi mutualisme antara pemilik dan pekerja dalam usaha kecil dan menengah: studi kasus Denny Ice Cream Medan Johor
Authors: Pane Farhan Alpani , Sitanggang Ias Dita , Sihotang Primus 
Published: September 2024

Hubungan pemilik usaha dan pekerja adalah saling membutuhkan, sehingga hubungan mereka seharusnya dipandang sebagai hubungan kemitraan. Kejelasan status relasi mereka berdampak pada kelancaran usaha termasuk dalam usaha kecil menengah (UMKM) yang berkembang dalam masyarakat di Indonesia. Masing-masing pihak memiliki risiko selayaknya pekerja sektor formal, bahkan lebih besar khususnya risiko kehilangan pekerjaan. Urgensi untuk memperhatikan kesejahteraan pekerja dan melindungi dari kehilangan pekerjaan dan kecelakaan kerja merupakan suatu hal yang harus segera Studi pada usaha mikro Denny Ice Cream Medan Johor menunjukan kesadaran tentang hal ini. Manajemen usaha berbasis kekeluargaan, dimana pemilik usaha memperlakukan pekerjanya layaknya keluarga sendiri. Adanya jaminan sosial pekerja dan pemilik usaha meskipun sebatas pada BPJS kesehatan saja. Temuan ini mengaskan masih perlunya sosialisasi tentang perlindungan usaha bagi pemilik dan pekerja yang lebih baik dan pasti; sehingga mampu mengembangkan usahanya menjadi lebih produktif.
Application of Spatial Analysis on Electronic Health Records to Characterize Patient Phenotypes: Systematic Review
Authors: Mollalo Abolfazl , Hamidi Bashir , Lenert Leslie A , Alekseyenko Alexander V 
Published: September 2024

Background
Electronic health records (EHRs) commonly contain patient addresses that provide valuable data for geocoding and spatial analysis, enabling more comprehensive descriptions of individual patients for clinical purposes. Despite the widespread use of EHRs in clinical decision support and interventions, no systematic review has examined the extent to which spatial analysis is used to characterize patient phenotypes.

Objective
This study reviews advanced spatial analyses that used individual-level health data from EHRs within the United States to characterize patient phenotypes.

Methods
We systematically evaluated English-language, peer-reviewed studies from the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from inception to August 20, 2023, without imposing constraints on study design or specific health domains.

Results
A substantial proportion of studies (>85%) were limited to geocoding or basic mapping without implementing advanced spatial statistical analysis, leaving only 49 studies that met the eligibility criteria. These studies used diverse spatial methods, with a predominant focus on clustering techniques, while spatiotemporal analysis (frequentist and Bayesian) and modeling were less common. A noteworthy surge (n=42, 86%) in publications was observed after 2017. The publications investigated a variety of adult and pediatric clinical areas, including infectious disease, endocrinology, and cardiology, using phenotypes defined over a range of data domains such as demographics, diagnoses, and visits. The primary health outcomes investigated were asthma, hypertension, and diabetes. Notably, patient phenotypes involving genomics, imaging, and notes were limited.

Conclusions
This review underscores the growing interest in spatial analysis of EHR-derived data and highlights knowledge gaps in clinical health, phenotype domains, and spatial methodologies. We suggest that future research should focus on addressing these gaps and harnessing spatial analysis to enhance individual patient contexts and clinical decision support.
Determinants of an integrated management of childhood illness program implementation in Indonesia
Authors: Amalia Dwi Octa , Hadi Ella Nurlaella 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aims to identify the factors related to health system support that influence the implementation of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) in primary health care facilities in Indonesia, specifically in relation to leadership.
Methods: The research method used is a literature review. Database searches of Garuda, Google Scholar, Proquest, Science Direct, Biomed, and Pubmed were performed from 2012 to 2022 using the keywords “manajemen terpadu balita sakit”, “IMCI Indonesia”.
Results: A total of 1,238 articles were screened for eligibility and five published articles met the inclusion criteria and objectives of this literature review. Based on five articles reviewed, nine variables associated with IMCI implementation were analyzed in this study, including leadership support, supervision, completeness of medicine and medical equipment, presence of consultation room, motivation, attitudes, knowledge, and completeness of filling out forms.
Conclusion: The support of the health system is a key challenge in implementing IMCI. Therefore, strengthening health system support is needed to optimize the implementation of IMCI. In addition, there is a need to strengthen leadership and provide regular supervision and feedback to ensure that IMCI implementation is in accordance with standards and to increase health worker motivation to improve their performance in providing health services.
Analisis Penerapan Hygiene dan Sanitasi Dapur
Authors: Putra I Wayan Rian Prasatya , Semara I Made Trisna 
Published: September 2024

Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis tentang upaya menjaga dan penerapan hygiene dan sanitasi dapur di Restaurant XXX. Informan peneliti ini adalah para karyawan dapur Restaurant XXX. Dengan penelitian ini akan diketahui hal-hal yang perlu dipertahankan sekaligus hal-hal yang perlu ditingkatkan Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan melakukan observasi yang beracuan dengan SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) hygiene dan sanitasi yang telah ditetapkan. Masalah yang dihadapi dalam menerapkan penerapan hygiene dan sanitasi area dapur, penerapan hygiene dan sanitasi peralatan dapur serta penerapan personal hygiene adalah kurangnya kesadaran diri pada saat melakukan pekerjaan, adanya karyawan yang belum sepenuhnya mengetahui bagaimana cara persiapan diri dan pembersihan pada area dapur dengan benar. Sebaiknya dilakukan refreshment kepada karyawan dapur agar semuanya tahu dan ingat bagaimana SOP yang sebenarnya harus di terapkan dan agar tidak terjadinya perbedaan penerapan dari persiapan diri karyawan serta pembersihan pada area dapur sesuai dengan SOP yang telah ditetapkan.

The purpose of this studiy was to analyze the efforts to maintain and apply kitchen hygiene and sanitation at Restaurant XXX. The research informants were Restaurant XXX kitchen employees. This research will identify things that need to be maintained as well as things that need to be improved. Data collection methods use interviews, observation and documentation. The analysis technique in this study used a qualitative descriptive analysis technique by making observations with reference to the established standard operating procedure (SOP) for hygiene and sanitation. The problem encountered in implementing the implementation of hygiene and sanitation in the kitchen area, the application of hygiene and sanitation of kitchen equipment and the application of personal hygiene is a lack of self-awareness when doing work, there are employees who do not fully know how to properly prepare and clean the kitchen area. It is better to do refreshments for kitchen employees so that everyone knows and remembers how the actual SOP should be applied and so that there are no differences in the implementation of employee self-preparation and cleaning in the kitchen area according to the SOP that has been set.