bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of the Application of Intraoperative Mitomycin C in Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Roozitalab M.H. , Amirahmadi M. , Namazi M.R. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is widely accepted as the procedure of choice for surgical correction of lacrimal drainage system obstruction distal to common canaliculus in adulthood. The success rate of DCR has been reported to be from 63% to 99%. DCR failure has been attributed to membranous occlusion of the rhinostomy site caused by soft tissue scarring. More recently, use of mitomycin C (MMC) has been described in lacrimal drainage surgery. The beneficial effect of MMC as a surgical adjunct is thought to be related to its potent inhibition of fibroblast proliferation. Methods To improve the success rate of DCR, the authors used MMC as an adjunct to surgery in 130 patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction undergoing lacrimal surgery. They were assigned randomly into a MMC DCR group and a regular DCR group (control group). Results The mean age of the MMC group was 40 ± 15 years and that of the control group was 42 ± 16 years. The standard surgical techniques of an external DCR were used in all patients of both groups. Patients were followed for 6 months. The authors evaluated the patients with subjective symptoms (improvement in tearing) and objective findings such as the height of tear meniscus, fluorescein dye test, and patency at the time of irrigation. There was no significant difference in the age between the two groups (p=1.00). Six patients in the mitomycin group were symptomatic after 6 months' follow-up; probe and irrigation showed non-patency of lacrimal system. The success rate in the MMC group was therefore 90.5% (59/65), and in the conventional group it was 92.4% (60/65). No significant difference between the two groups was present (p=0.75). Conclusions The authors conclude that the use of intraoperative MMC in DCR surgery does not change the success rate of this procedure.
Evaluation of Superior Rectus Muscle Attachment following Hang-Back Recession in Rabbit Eyes
Authors: Wysenbeek Y. , Wygnanski-Jaffe T. , Rosner M. , Spierer A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The hang-back suture technique has been advocated to decrease the risk of scleral perforation during strabismus surgery. In this study, we evaluated the muscle insertion site in rabbits 4 weeks after a hang-back recession was performed. Methods Twenty-five eyes of 13 rabbits underwent hang-back recessions of between 5 and 8 mm of the superior rectus muscle. Four weeks later, the attachment sites were examined. Results Four weeks following the surgery, 14 muscles (n=25, 56%) were anteriorly displaced. In the 5 mm recession group, one muscle was anteriorly displaced (n=7, 14.3%). In the 6 mm recession group, 50% of the muscles recessed were displaced anteriorly (n=8). The 7 mm hang-back recession group demonstrated forward displacement in five muscles operated (n=6, 83%) and in the 8 mm recession group, all four muscles (100%) were anteriorly displaced. The magnitude of displacement was positively correlated to the amount of the hang-back recession performed (Pearson correlation p<0.001). Conclusions Anterior displacement of muscles using the hang-back technique in the rabbit eye is unacceptably high and occurred in 56% of the cases. A positive, statistically significant correlation exists between the amount of recession performed and the number of muscles displaced from their new insertion. Therefore, when performing large recessions using the hang-back technique displacement should be anticipated.
Protective Role of Intramuscularly Administered Vitamin E on the Levels of Lipid Peroxidation and the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Lens of Rats Made Cataractous with Gamma-Irradiation
Authors: Karslioglu Í. , Ertekin M. Vecdi , Koçer Í. , Taysi S. , Sezen O. , Gepdiremen A. , Balci E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To determine the antioxidant role of vitamin E (VE) (10 mg/kg/day) against radiation-induced cataract in lens after total-cranium irradiation of rats with a single dose of 5 Gy. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 did not receive VE or irradiation but received both 0.1 ml physiologic saline intraperitoneally and sham irradiation (control group). Group 2 received to total cranium 5 Gy of gamma irradiation as a single dose (RT group) plus 0.1 ml physiologic saline intraperitoneally. Group 3 received irradiation to total cranium plus 10 mg/kg/day VE (RT+VE group). The rats were irradiated using a cobalt-60 teletherapy unit. Chylack's cataract classification (1) was used in this study. At the end of 10 days, the rats were killed and their eyes were enucleated to measure the antioxidant enzymes (the activity of superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]) and lipid peroxidation level (malondialdehyde [MDA]). Results While grade 1 cataract development was detectable in seven rats in the RT group, it was detectable only in two rats in the RT+VE group, whereas none of the rats in the control group exhibited any biomicroscopic change in their lenses. MDA level and GSH-Px activity in the rat lens in the RT group was significantly higher than in the control group. SOD activity in the RT group was lower than in the control group. The activity of SOD and GSH-Px enzymes was higher in the RT+VE group, but MDA level was lower in the RT+VE group when compared with the RT group. Conclusions Vitamin E has a protective effect on radiation-induced cataract by decreasing oxidative stress.
Ethnic Variability of the Vasculature of the Optic Disc in Normal and in Glaucomatous Eyes
Authors: Nagasubramanian S. , Weale R.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Although disc pallor is associated with glaucoma, the structural macro-anatomy of the disc vasculature has received little attention, and possible ethnic differences have not been considered. Accordingly we studied the distribution of blood vessels crossing the rim of the optic disc. Methods Thirty normal controls, and 50 glaucomatous cases with a unilaterally impaired visual field were studied. The sample populations included white Caucasian, and African and Afro/Caribbean volunteers. A b/w photographic method of imaging the blood vessels crossing the rim of the optic disc was used, the illuminant being green. The prints used in the analysis had been masked during their exposure to enhance contrast. The numbers of vessels, grouped into large (~60nm), medium (~30nm), and small (~10nm) lumina, were counted, the disc images being divided radially into eight equal sectors. Results While the large vessels crossed the rim mainly along the vertical, the small ones did so mainly in the horizontal. The distribution of the medium vessels was unpolarized but their crossings predominated on the nasal side. The vessel patterns differed significantly between the two ethnic groups as regards both number and distribution along the rim of the disc, the smaller vessels being more numerous in Caucasian eyes (p~0.02). Rim crossings by vessels were smaller in glaucomatous eyes in both ethnic groups. In normal eyes there was a statistically significant age-related decline in the number of small vessels after the age of 20 years. Conclusions There exists a statistically significant inverse relation between the number of capillaries crossing the disc rim and the vertical cup/disc ratio. Caucasian rims show the larger number of capillaries crossing.
The Effects of 2% Ibopamine Eye Drops on the Intraocular Pressure and Pupil Motility of Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Giuffrè I. , Taverniti L. , Di Staso S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Ibopamine is a prodrug of N-methyldopamine that has a non-cycloplegic mydriatic action due to its α-adrenergic properties and is able to induce, when topically given, a transient increase of intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with hydrodynamic disorders. Methods This is a randomized, crossover, open-labeled, two- center study. Forty patients (20 open-angle glaucoma patients and 20 healthy subjects) were treated with ibopamine 2% eye drops and phenylephrine 10% eye drops. Results Ibopamine induced a significant increase in IOP only in glaucomatous eyes (p<0.001) without a significant hypertensive effect in normal eyes. Ibopamine and phenylephrine showed a similar mydriatic activity but ibopamine was able to induce an hypertensive effect only in glaucomatous eyes. Conclusions The results confirm the use of ibopamine as provocative test in detection of hydrodynamic disorders.
Combined Spatial, Contrast, and Temporal Functions Perimetry in Mild Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension
Authors: González-Hernández M. , García-Feijoó J. , Mendez M. Sanchez , De La Rosa M. González 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic ability of a new perimetric procedure in glaucoma. Methods Pulsar perimeter shows white circular sinusoidal grating patterns with decreasing amplitude, 5° in diameter, 500 msec in duration in 66 locations. The stimuli scale combines spatial resolution and contrast. The stimuli were shown with centrifugal wave motion at 8 cyl/deg (K6W) or pulse at 30 Hz (T30W). Fifty-six normal eyes and 82 eyes with ocular hypertension and mild glaucoma were included. These 82 cases were classified into four levels of diagnostic certainty, from 0 (ocular hypertension) to 3 (mild glaucoma). Results Mean examination time was 3:49 min. Specificity was 96.4% (T30W) and 94.6% (K6W). Sensitivities for levels 0 and 3 were 34.5% to 100% (T30W) and 24.1% to 75% (K6W). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve areas for T30W at levels 1, 2, and 3 were 0.88, 0.94, and 0.99. The ROC areas for K6W were 0.83, 0.91, and 0.97. There was good correlation between both Pulsar perimetries (r=0.88), but it was lower with conventional perimetry (r=0.58 for T30W and r=0.59 for K6W). Conclusions The novel Pulsar T30W perimetry may be helpful for the study of mild glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
Choroidal Neovascular Membranes after Photodynamic Therapy: Ultrastructural Analysis of Two Surgically Excised Membranes
Authors: Gremigni E. , Falleni A. , Belting C. , Di Bartolo E. , Rizzo S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report on the ultrastructural electron microscopic findings of two surgically excised subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes (CNV) that had undergone photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods Two patients underwent PDT because of subfoveal neovascular membranes (CNV). Due to enlargement of the CNV seen on fluorescein angiography three months after PDT, one patient underwent surgical excision of the membrane; the other patient underwent both surgical membrane excision combined with macular translocation one month after PDT. The membranes were examined under the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results The membranes were composed of a core and a rim, the latter being mainly composed of fibrin and collagen fibrils. The core was preeminently composed of endothelium-lined vascular channels associated with retinal epithelium cells. The endothelial cells of blood vessels appeared well-preserved. Conclusions The lack of histological signs of recanalization and vascular thrombosis may indicate that in our cases the enlargement of the CNVs seen on fluorescein angiography three months and one month respectively after PDT may originate mainly from reproliferation of choroidal vessels rather than recanalization of previously occluded vessels.
Macular Hole following Conventional Repair of Bullous Retinal Detachment Using Air Injection (D-ACE Procedure)
Authors: Boscia F. , Recchimurzo N. , Cardascia N. , Sborgia L. , Furino C. , Sborgia C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Sequential drainage of subretinal fluid (D), injection of air (A), cryotherapy (C), and application of local explants (E) (D-ACE) sequence was introduced in order to overcome the problems encountered in managing superior bullous detachments from multiple large equatorial breaks. The authors recently observed the occurrence of a full-thickness macular hole in one patient developing the day after he underwent a D-ACE procedure. Methods A 61-year-old man presented a bullous retinal detachment in the right eye extending from the 9:30 to the 2 o'clock position, and posteriorly to the vascular arcades two retinal tears were noted, at the equator at 11 o'clock, and anterior to the equator at 12 o'clock. The patient underwent a D-ACE procedure. Subretinal fluid was drained above the lateral rectus muscle at the equator. One and a half milliliters of air were injected 3.5 mm from the limbus midway between the superior and the medial rectus insertions. Cryotherapy was applied to the retinal breaks. A 240 encircling band was used in conjunction with a 276 tyre segment at the level of the tears. Results One day after surgery, the retina was flat, but a full-thickness macular hole could be seen with a surrounding cuff of subretinal fluid. Conclusions The mechanisms proposed to explain the occurrence of full-thickness macular holes after D-ACE may involve the concurrence of scleral elongation and vitreofoveal traction by means of previous partial posterior vitreous detachment with persistent posterior attachments at the fovea.
Scleroretinal Necrosis after a Subconjunctival Injection of Gentamicin in a Patient with a Surgically Repaired Episcleral Retinal Detachment
Authors: Salati C. , Migliorati G. , Brusini P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe a case of scleroretinal necrosis after a subconjunctival injection of gentamicin in a patient who had an episcleral retinal detachment that was surgically repaired. Methods Case presentation. Results Thinning of the sclera due to cryosurgery and the induced localized inflammatory response resulting from the surgical procedure, in addition to the effect of the sponge buckle itself, could have played an important role in accumulation and storage of gentamicin under and adjacent to the buckle after injection. The increasingly higher concentration of the drug under the buckle could have induced a greater penetration of gentamicin through the sclera, which could have been the cause of the scleral-chorio-retinal necrosis observed in this patient. Conclusions Attention must be given to avoid side effects from subconjunctival injection of gentamicin.
Intravitreal Triamcinolone in Cystoid Macular Edema Due to Uveitis and Repeated Surgery after a Penetrating Trauma
Authors: Marullo M. , Perilli R. , Balestrazzi E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To test the effectiveness of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in treating macular edema due to multiple vitreoretinal surgical procedures and uveitis after a penetrating trauma with metallic foreign body retention in a 37-year-old man. Methods The patient received two intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide–2 mg/0.05 mL and 4 mg/0.1 ml-1 month apart. The 6-month follow-up included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement and optical coherence tomography evaluation. Results After the first injection (2 mg) the foveal thickness (685 μm, as compared to a normal value of <165 μm) and the BCVA (20/200) remained unchanged with respect to the preinjection values; 1 week after the second injection (4 mg), the foveal thickness went down to 130 μm and the BCVA improved (20/80). Such results were unchanged at the 6-month control. No complications occurred. Conclusions A 2 mg dose of triamcinolone acetonide did not improve the anatomic and functional status of the macula. A 4 mg dose markedly improved BCVA and reduced the macular thickness in this case of macular edema.
Comparison of Keratometric and Topographic Cylinder and Axis Measurements on Normal Corneas with Low Astigmatism
Authors: Karabatsas C.H. , Papaefthymiou I. , Aslanides I.M. , Chatzoulis D.Z. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate agreement in measurements of astigmatic axis power and location between keratometry and computer assisted videokeratography (corneal topography) on normal corneas with less than 1.50 D of idiopathic astigmatism. Methods Keratometric readings with the 10 SL/O Zeiss ophthalmometer and corneal topographic maps with the TMS-1 were obtained by two independent examiners on 32 normal corneas. Measurement agreement between the two instruments was evaluated in regard to steep and flat meridian power and location, and in astigmatism magnitude (D). Results The limits of agreement (d-2 SD to d+2 SD) between the two instruments were found to be broad for clinical purposes in measuring the steep meridian power (-0.16 to −1.20 D), flat meridian power (0.43 to −1.25 D), and astigmatism (0.60 to −1.12 D). A constant bias of the TMS-1 towards the 10 SL/O Zeiss ophthalmometer was found, in measuring steeper both principal meridians and higher amount of astigmatism. Mean location difference was 19° (±19°) for the steep meridian and 17° (±20°) for the flat meridian. Conclusions Despite the differences seen in measurements between the 10 SL/O ophthalmometer and the TMS-1, these differences may be clinically small enough for the methods to be used interchangeably in measuring only the magnitude of astigmatism on normal corneas. However, the disagreement in astigmatism axes is too great to be ignored.
The Effect of Adjunctive Mitomycin C in Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation
Authors: Kurnaz E. , Kubaloglu A. , Yilmaz Y. , Koytak A. , Özertürk Y. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of adjunctive mitomycin C (MMC) in Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation for refractory glaucoma. Methods Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients who underwent AGV implantation with adjunctive MMC (0.5 mg/ml) for 3 minutes (Group A) were compared to a control group of 26 eyes of 26 patients (Group B) who received AGV implantation without MMC. Nine patients were female and 13 patients were male in Group A and 11 patients were female and 15 patients were male in Group B. The mean age was 56 years ranging from 13 to 77 in Group A and 58 ranging from 14 to 71 years in Group B. Success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) between 4 and 21 mmHg with or without glaucoma medication and with no additional glaucoma surgery, phthisis, or loss of light perception. Results The probability of success at 1 year was 86.36% and 80.76% in Group A and Group B, respectively. The number of glaucoma medications decreased from 2.82 to 0.56 in Group A and from 2.65 to 0.73 in Group B. Postoperative hypotony as an early complication was higher in Group A (31.81% in Group A and 15.38% in Group B). As a late postoperative complication, tube exposure developed in 3 patients (13.63%) in Group A and no such complication was seen in Group B. There was no statistically significant difference in success and complication rates between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusions Although adjunctive MMC in AGV implantation is safe and effective, it may not offer a better chance of surgical success compared with AGV implantation without MMC.
Knowledge Base and Preferred Methods of Obtaining Knowledge of Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Hoevenaars J.G.M.M. , Schouten J.S.A.G. , Van Den Borne B. , Beckers H.J.M. , Webers C.A.B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To gather information regarding patient's understanding of glaucoma and the manner in which patients wish to learn about the disease with the intent of improving patient education. Methods Forty-four of sixty randomly selected ophthalmologists (73%) asked four of their patients consecutively to complete a questionnaire about glaucoma. The selection of questions was based on focus group interviews and suggestions from several experts. Topics included knowledge about glaucoma and its treatment, the need for information, and preferred providers and methods of patient education. Results Fifty percent of the patients had 49% or less correct answers to questions about glaucoma or its treatment. Per item the correct answers ranged from 5% to 90%. Lack of knowledge was associated with low level of education, short duration of glaucoma, high age, and no preference for the Internet as method of supplying information. These variables, however, did not identify groups with a considerable lack of knowledge sufficiently accurately to target patient education. A high need for information was observed and included information about the patient's own glaucoma. Almost all patients preferred the ophthalmologist and many also a nurse or a representative of the Glaucoma Patient Society as providers of information. Written material was the preferred method. Conclusions Patient education should address all patients. A patient education program should cover a wide range of topics with a focus on general information through written material and information tailored to the individual glaucoma patient's needs. The ophthalmologist is a key- person, but others could play an important role in patient education.
Central Corneal Thickness and Intraocular Pressure Relationship in Eyes with and without Previous LASIK: Comparison of Goldmann Applanation Tonometer with Pneumatonometer
Authors: Bayraktar Ş. , Bayraktar Z. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) relationship in eyes with and without previous corneal laser refractive surgery and to compare the estimates of two different tonometers–Goldmann applanation and pneumatonometer. Methods The study population included 234 glaucoma suspects who were referred to the glaucoma clinic with cup/disc ratios greater than 0.4, asymmetric cupping, and/or IOP greater than 22 mmHg during routine eye examination. Of those, 84 had previous myopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) (Group 1) while 150 of them did not (Group 2). CCT was measured by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and IOP with both Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and pneumatonometer (PT). In both groups, the difference between IOP estimates of two different tonometers and the relationship between CCT and IOP were analyzed. Results In eyes with previous LASIK, GAT measured IOP significantly lower than PT (mean difference of 3.8±1.9 mmHg, p<0.0001). In eyes with virgin corneas, IOP estimates of GAT or PT were not different from each other (19.9±2.8 versus 19.9±2.2 mmHg, respectively, p=0.81). In both groups, there was a significant positive correlation between CCT and IOP estimates of GAT (R=0.29, p=0.007 in eyes with LASIK and R=0.38, p<0.0001 in those without), while no similar relationship was present between CCT with those of PT (R=0.03, p=0.76 in eyes with LASIK and R=0.03, p=0.69 in those without). Conclusions In eyes with previous LASIK, GAT measured IOP significantly lower than PT. Because IOP estimates of PT were found to be independent from CCT in all of the study eyes, this device was considered to be a more reliable method of IOP estimation than GAT in eyes with and without previous LASIK.