bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct zircon U–Pb and O–Hf–Nd–Sr isotopic behaviour during fluid flow in UHP metamorphic rocks: evidence from metamorphic veins and their host eclogite in the Sulu Orogen, China
Authors: Zhao Y.‐J. , Wu Y.‐B. , Liu X.‐C. , Gao S. , Wang H. , Zheng J.‐P. , Yang S.‐H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFluid plays a key role in metamorphism and magmatism in subduction zones. Veins in high‐pressure (HP) to ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) rocks are the products of fluid‐rock interaction, and can thus provide important constraints on fluid processes in subduction zones. This contribution is an integrated study of zircon U–Pb and O–Hf, as well as whole‐rock Nd–Sr isotopic compositions for a quartz vein, a complex vein, and their host eclogite in the Sulu UHP terrane to decipher the timing and source of fluid flow under HP‐UHP metamorphic conditions. The inherited magmatic zircon cores from the host eclogite constrain the protolith age at c. 750 Ma. Their variable εHf(t) values from −1.11 to 2.54 and low δ18O values of 0.32–3.40‰ reflect a protolith that formed in a rift setting due to the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia. The hydrothermal zircon from the quartz and the complex veins shows euhedral shapes, relatively flat HREE pattern, slight or no negative Eu anomaly, low 176Lu/177Hf ratios, and low formation temperatures of 660–690 °C, indicating they precipitated from fluids under HP eclogite facies conditions. This zircon yielded similar U–Pb ages of 217 ± 2 and 213 ± 3 Ma within analytical uncertainty, recording the timing of fluid flow during the exhumation of the UHP rock. It is inferred that the fluids might be of internal origin based on the homogeneity of δ18O values of the hydrothermal zircon from the quartz (−2.41 ± 0.13‰) and complex veins (−2.35 ± 0.12‰), and the metamorphic grown zircon of the host eclogite (−2.23 ± 0.16‰). The similar εNd(t) values of the whole rocks also support such a point. Zircon O and whole‐rock Nd isotopic compositions are therefore useful to identify the source of fluid, for they are major and trace components in minerals involved in metamorphic reactions during HP‐UHP conditions. On the other hand, the hydrothermal zircon from the veins and the metamorphic zircon from the host eclogite exhibit variable εHf(t) values. Model calculation suggests that the Hf was derived from the breakdown of major rock‐forming minerals and recycling of the inherited magmatic zircon. The variable whole‐rock initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios might be caused by subsequent retrograde metamorphism after the formation of the veins.
Behind the Scenes: The Corporate Governance Preferences of Institutional Investors
Authors: McCAHERY JOSEPH A. , SAUTNER ZACHARIAS , STARKS LAURA T. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTWe survey institutional investors to better understand their role in the corporate governance of firms. Consistent with a number of theories, we document widespread behind‐the‐scenes intervention as well as governance‐motivated exit. These governance mechanisms are viewed as complementary devices, with intervention typically occurring prior to a potential exit. We further find that long‐term investors and investors that are less concerned about stock liquidity intervene more intensively. Finally, we find that most investors use proxy advisors and believe that the information provided by such advisors improves their own voting decisions.
Public health clinic‐based hepatitis C testing and linkage to care in baltimore
Authors: Falade‐Nwulia O. , Mehta S. H. , Lasola J. , Latkin C. , Niculescu A. , O'Connor C. , Chaulk P. , Ghanem K. , Page K. R. , Sulkowski M. S. , Thomas D. L. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryTesting and linkage to care are important determinants of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment effectiveness. Public health clinics serve populations at high risk of HCV. We investigated their potential to serve as sites for HCV testing, initiation of and linkage to HCV care. Cross‐sectional study of patients accessing sexually transmitted infection (STI) care at the Baltimore City Health Department (BCHD) STI clinics, from June 2013 through April 2014 was conducted. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with HCV infection and specialist linkage to care. Between 24 June 2013 and 15 April 2014, 2681 patients were screened for HCV infection. Overall, 189 (7%) were anti‐HCV positive, of whom 185 (98%) received follow‐up HCV RNA testing, with 155 (84%) testing RNA positive. Of 155 RNA‐positive individuals, 138 (89%) returned to the STI clinic for HCV RNA results and initial HCV care including counselling regarding transmission and harm reduction in alcohol, and 132 (85%) were referred to a specialist for HCV care. With provision of patient navigation services, 81 (52%) attended an offsite HCV specialist appointment. Alcohol use and lack of insurance coverage were associated with lower rates of specialist linkage (OR 0.4 [95% CI 0.1–0.9] and OR 0.4 [95% CI 0.1–0.9], respectively). We identified a high prevalence of HCV infection in BCHD STI clinics. With availability of patient navigation services, a large proportion of HCV‐infected patients linked to off‐site specialist care.
Feeding practices for infants and young children during and after common illness. Evidence from South Asia
Authors: Paintal Kajali , Aguayo Víctor M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGlobal evidence shows that children's growth deteriorates rapidly during/after illness if foods and feeding practices do not meet the additional nutrient requirements associated with illness/convalescence. To inform policies and programmes, we conducted a review of the literature published from 1990 to 2014 to document how children 0–23 months old are fed during/after common childhood illnesses. The review indicates that infant and young child feeding (IYCF) during common childhood illnesses is far from optimal. When sick, most children continue to be breastfed, but few are breastfed more frequently, as recommended. Restriction/withdrawal of complementary foods during illness is frequent because of children's anorexia (perceived/real), poor awareness of caregivers' about the feeding needs of sick children, traditional beliefs/behaviours and/or suboptimal counselling and support by health workers. As a result, many children are fed lower quantities of complementary foods and/or are fed less frequently when they are sick. Mothers/caregivers often turn to family/community elders and traditional/non‐qualified practitioners to seek advice on how to feed their sick children. Thus, traditional beliefs and behaviours guide the use of ‘special’ feeding practices, foods and diets for sick children. A significant proportion of mothers/caregivers turn to the primary health care system for support but receive little or no advice. Building the knowledge, skills and capacity of community health workers and primary health care practitioners to provide mothers/caregivers with accurate and timely information, counselling and support on IYCF during and after common childhood illnesses, combined with large‐scale communication programmes to address traditional beliefs and norms that may be harmful, is an urgent priority to reduce the high burden of child stunting in South Asia.
What you need is what you eat? Prey selection by the batMyotis daubentonii
Authors: Vesterinen Eero J. , Ruokolainen Lasse , Wahlberg Niklas , Peña Carlos , Roslin Tomas , Laine Veronika N. , Vasko Ville , Sääksjärvi Ilari E. , Norrdahl Kai , Lilley Thomas M. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryOptimal foraging theory predicts that predators are selective when faced with abundant prey, but become less picky when prey gets sparse. Insectivorous bats in temperate regions are faced with the challenge of building up fat reserves vital for hibernation during a period of decreasing arthropod abundances. According to optimal foraging theory, prehibernating bats should adopt a less selective feeding behaviour – yet empirical studies have revealed many apparently generalized species to be composed of specialist individuals. Targeting the diet of the batMyotis daubentonii, we used a combination of molecular techniques to test for seasonal changes in prey selectivity and individual‐level variation in prey preferences.DNAmetabarcoding was used to characterize both the prey contents of bat droppings and the insect community available as prey. To test for dietary differences amongM. daubentoniiindividuals, we used ten microsatellite loci to assign droppings to individual bats. The comparison between consumed and available prey revealed a preference for certain prey items regardless of availability. Nonbiting midges (Chironomidae) remained the most highly consumed prey at all times, despite a significant increase in the availability of black flies (Simuliidae) towards the end of the season. The bats sampled showed no evidence of individual specialization in dietary preferences. Overall, our approach offers little support for optimal foraging theory. Thus, it shows how novel combinations of genetic markers can be used to test general theory, targeting patterns at both the level of prey communities and individual predators.
Transcriptomic profiling of Alexandrium fundyense during physical interaction with or exposure to chemical signals from the parasite Amoebophrya
Authors: Lu Yameng , Wohlrab Sylke , Groth Marco , Glöckner Gernot , Guillou Laure , John Uwe 
Published: February 2016

AbstractToxic microalgae have their own pathogens, and understanding the way in which these microalgae respond to antagonistic attacks may provide information about their capacity to persist during harmful algal bloom events. Here, we compared the effects of the physical presence of the parasite Amoebophrya sp. and exposure to waterborne cues from cultures infected with this parasite, on gene expression by the toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium fundyense. Compared with control samples, a total of 14 882 Alexandrium genes were differentially expressed over the whole‐parasite infection cycle at three different time points (0, 6 and 96 h). RNA sequencing analyses indicated that exposure to the parasite and parasitic waterborne cues produced significant changes in the expression levels of Alexandrium genes associated with specific metabolic pathways. The observed upregulation of genes associated with glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid β‐oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis suggests that parasite infection increases the energy demand of the host. The observed upregulation of genes correlated with signal transduction indicates that Alexandrium could be sensitized by parasite attacks. This response might prime the defence of the host, as indicated by the increased expression of several genes associated with defence and stress. Our findings provide a molecular overview of the response of a dinoflagellate to parasite infection.
Evaluating the safety and the effects on colonic compliance of neostigmine during motility testing in patients with chronic constipation
Authors: Mouchli M. A. , Camilleri M. , Lee T. , Parthasarathy G. , Vijayvargiya P. , Halland M. , Acosta A. , Bharucha A. E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundNeostigmine, an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor, stimulates colonic motor activity and may induce vagally mediated cardiovascular effects. Our aim was to evaluate effects of i.v. neostigmine on colonic compliance and its safety in patients with chronic constipation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of a selected group of 144 outpatients with chronic constipation who were refractory to treatment. These patients had undergone intracolonic motility and compliance measurements with an infinitely compliant balloon linked to a barostat. Data abstracted included barostat balloon mean volumes with increases in pressure (4 mmHg steps from 0 to 44 mmHg) before and after i.v. neostigmine. Vital signs and oxygen saturation before and after neostigmine were recorded.Key ResultsOf the 144 patients, 133 were female, mean age was 41.0 ± 15.4 years (SD), and duration of constipation was 12.9 ± 13.8 years. Among patients who had undergone colonic transit measurement by scintigraphy, the overall colonic transit at 24 h (geometric center, GC24 [n = 115]) was 1.5 ± 0.7 (normal >1.3), and at 48 h (GC48 [n = 75]) it was 2.3 ± 0.9 (normal >1.9). Neostigmine decreased colonic compliance at lower distension pressures (e.g., 12 and 20 mmHg [both p < 0.001]), but not at 40 mmHg. There were expected minor changes in vital signs in response to neostigmine in 144 patients; however, one patient developed unresponsiveness, significant bradycardia, hypotension, and muscular rigidity that responded to 400 mcg i.v. atropine.Conclusions & InferencesNeostigmine significantly decreases colonic compliance in patients with refractory chronic constipation. Symptomatic bradycardia in response to neostigmine should be promptly reversed with atropine.
AGENCIFICATION AND BLAME SHIFTING: EVALUATING A NEGLECTED SIDE OF PUBLIC SECTOR REFORMS
Authors: MORTENSEN PETER B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe establishment of autonomous agencies has been a strong trend in the public sector across countries for about 25 years. In line with the official rhetoric accompanying such reforms, almost all reform evaluations have focused on various kinds of performance improvements. This article investigates a set of behavioural consequences of such reforms, which have been claimed by the blame avoidance literature, but have never been subjected to systematic empirical analysis. In particular, the article examines how a reform of agencification influences the propensity of agency managers to blame the political principals when the agency is subject to public criticism. Furthermore, it examines how the reform influences the blaming rhetoric of ministers and MPs. To evaluate such reform effects systematically, the article introduces a new empirical approach and illustrates the utility of the approach in a case study of the transformation of the national Danish railway company from 1995 to 2007.
Gender Differences in Patients with Fibromyalgia Undergoing Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Preliminary Data
Authors: Lami María J. , Martínez María P. , Sánchez Ana I. , Miró Elena , Diener Fabián N. , Prados German , Guzmán Manuel A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome that significantly affects patients’ quality of life. Its main symptoms are pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of cognitive‐behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) in men and women with FM and compare sleep and clinical features between both genders.MethodsFifteen women and 13 men were selected to participate in nine weekly CBT‐I sessions that involved completing several self‐reported questionnaires at pretreatment, post‐treatment, and follow‐up. Patients were recruited from the Rheumatology Service and Pain Unit of Hospital and a fibromyalgia association. Group psychotherapy was performed at clinical unit of the Faculty of Psychology.ResultsBoth groups showed significant clinical and statistical improvements in sleep quality and the main symptoms associated with FM (ie, pain intensity, fatigue, anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and pain‐related anxiety). Differential treatment responsiveness between sexes was observed. Male group exhibited significant changes at post‐treatment in sleep disturbances and pain‐related anxiety and catastrophizing. The female group showed post‐treatment improvements in sleep latency, general fatigue, and depression, which persisted at follow‐up.ConclusionsDifferential responses to treatment between men and women were observed in some sleep‐ and pain‐related variables. Outcomes show the needed to design different treatments for men and women with FM is discussed.
Development of a novel‐type transgenic cotton plant for control of cotton bollworm
Authors: Yue Zhen , Liu Xiaoguang , Zhou Zijing , Hou Guangming , Hua Jinping , Zhao Zhangwu 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe transgenic Bt cotton plant has been widely planted throughout the world for the control of cotton budworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). However, a shift towards insect tolerance of Bt cotton is now apparent. In this study, the gene encoding neuropeptide F (NPF) was cloned from cotton budworm H. armigera, an important agricultural pest. The npf gene produces two splicing mRNA variants—npf1 and npf2 (with a 120‐bp segment inserted into the npf1 sequence). These are predicted to form the mature NPF1 and NPF2 peptides, and they were found to regulate feeding behaviour. Knock down of larval npf with dsNPF in vitro resulted in decreases of food consumption and body weight, and dsNPF also caused a decrease of glycogen and an increase of trehalose. Moreover, we produced transgenic tobacco plants transiently expressing dsNPF and transgenic cotton plants with stably expressed dsNPF. Results showed that H. armigera larvae fed on these transgenic plants or leaves had lower food consumption, body size and body weight compared to controls. These results indicate that NPF is important in the control of feeding of H. armigera and valuable for production of potential transgenic cotton.
The Arabidopsis transcriptional regulator DPB3‐1 enhances heat stress tolerance without growth retardation in rice
Authors: Sato Hikaru , Todaka Daisuke , Kudo Madoka , Mizoi Junya , Kidokoro Satoshi , Zhao Yu , Shinozaki Kazuo , Yamaguchi‐Shinozaki Kazuko 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe enhancement of heat stress tolerance in crops is an important challenge for food security to facilitate adaptation to global warming. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the transcriptional regulator DNA polymerase II subunit B3‐1 (DPB3‐1)/nuclear factor Y subunit C10 (NF‐YC10) has been reported as a positive regulator of Dehydration‐responsive element binding protein 2A (DREB2A), and the overexpression of DPB3‐1 enhances heat stress tolerance without growth retardation. Here, we show that DPB3‐1 interacts with DREB2A homologues in rice and soya bean. Transactivation analyses with Arabidopsis and rice mesophyll protoplasts indicate that DPB3‐1 and its rice homologue OsDPB3‐2 function as positive regulators of DREB2A homologues. Overexpression of DPB3‐1 did not affect plant growth or yield in rice under nonstress conditions. Moreover, DPB3‐1‐overexpressing rice showed enhanced heat stress tolerance. Microarray analysis revealed that many heat stress‐inducible genes were up‐regulated in DPB3‐1‐overexpressing rice under heat stress conditions. However, the overexpression of DPB3‐1 using a constitutive promoter had almost no effect on the expression of these genes under nonstress conditions. This may be because DPB3‐1 is a coactivator and thus lacks inherent transcriptional activity. We conclude that DPB3‐1, a coactivator that functions specifically under abiotic stress conditions, could be utilized to increase heat stress tolerance in crops without negative effects on vegetative and reproductive growth.
Benzoate Allergy in Children—From Foods to Personal Hygiene Products
Authors: Jacob Sharon E. , Hill Hannah , Lucero Hanna , Nedorost Susan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBenzoate allergy may be an overlooked allergen in children and one that may be of increasing importance with its increasing role as a preservative in pediatric personal hygiene formulations. The cases herein report an association with cola and benzoate allergy and discusses the implications of replacement of formaldehyde by benzoates in personal hygiene products.
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in a patient with Bruton's tyrosine kinase deficiency
Authors: Yamazaki Susumu , Ohtsuka Yoshikazu , Yokokura Tomoaki , Yokota Rena , Honjo Asuka , Inage Eisuke , Baba Yosuke , Mori Mari , Suzuki Ryuyo , Iwata Tsutomu , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGID) are relatively rare diseases characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract resulting in various gastrointestinal symptoms. EGID are often caused by allergic reactions or systemic eosinophilic disorders, but their comorbidity with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) deficiency has not been previously documented. Here, we report a case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) in a patient with BTK deficiency. Despite adequate replacement immunoglobulin (Ig) therapy, trough serum IgG was not maintained. To identify the underlying cause of the low trough level and chronic diarrhea, the intestine was investigated on endoscopy. We also screened for the variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism in FCGRT. Genetic analysis could not explain the low trough IgG, but endoscopy indicated eosinophilic enterocolitis. EG may be an important differential diagnosis when primary immunodeficiency patients have chronic diarrhea or continued low serum IgG.
Pediatric liver transplantation in Latin America: Where do we stand?
Authors: Feier Flavia , Antunes Eduardo , D′Agostino Daniel , Varela‐Fascinetto Gustavo , Jarufe Nicolas , Patillo Juan C. , Vera Alonso , Carrasco Felix , Kondo Mario , Porta Gilda , Chapchap Paulo , Seda‐Neto Joao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLT started in LA in 1968, and pediatric LT records are available starting in the 1990s. Currently, eight countries perform pediatric LT in LA. Registries by national organizations fail to report robust data on pediatric LT. The aim of this paper was to report on the pediatric LT activity in LA. Data were gathered retrospectively through information available in the national registries websites and from local centers. Of the eight countries that report pediatric LT activity, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, and Colombia have adequate registries of the numbers of LT performed. These countries concentrate most of the activity for pediatric LT. A total of 4593 pediatric LT were reported in LA. Websites for national organizations do not provide open data on post‐transplant survival rates or waiting list mortality. The information herein is based on reports by local centers. Overall, survival from select centers is similar to that reported on North American and European registries, between 80 and 90% in the first year post‐transplant. In conclusion, pediatric LT activity is growing in LA, especially in Brazil and Argentina. However, the lack of an appropriate LA registry restricts the assessment of quality and therefore restricts interventions aimed at quality improvements in different regions.
Gemmamyces bud blight of Picea pungens: a sudden disease outbreak in Central Europe
Authors: Černý K. , Pešková V. , Soukup F. , Havrdová L. , Strnadová V. , Zahradník D. , Hrabětová M. 
Published: February 2016

Due to its high tolerance to acid rain, the North American Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens) has been among the most frequent substitute tree species used in reforestation programmes in spruce mountain forests in the Ore and Sudeten Mountains in the Czech Republic after destruction by sulphur dioxide pollution in the second half of the last century. This species was planted on more than 8800 ha of destroyed mountain forest stands in the Ore Mountains alone. New plantations prospered until a massive outbreak of the gemmamyces bud blight, first identified in 2009. The causal agent, Gemmamyces piceae, induced massive bud blight in infected trees – bud loss progressively increased to 70–80% or more, and because the trees were not able to replace the natural loss of older needles, they quickly withered and died. Many plantations disrupted by the pathogen had to be cut down. Although several resistant genotypes have been identified, the cultivation of this species in forest stands has no future in this area. Because this disease was also identified in several ornamental plantations in the area, the bud blight epidemic haunts public green space administrators and nursery and Christmas tree plantation owners. Other pathogens and pests, such as Lophodermium piceae, Sirococcus conigenus and Elatobium abietinum, have also been identified as involved in the damage to P. pungens.