bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Care for Child Development: an intervention in support of responsive caregiving and early child development
Authors: Lucas J. E. , Richter L. M. , Daelmans B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundAn estimated 43% of children younger than 5 years of age are at elevated risk of failing to achieve their human potential. In response, the World Health Organization and UNICEF developed Care for Child Development (CCD), based on the science of child development, to improve sensitive and responsive caregiving and promote the psychosocial development of young children.MethodsIn 2015, the World Health Organization and UNICEF identified sites where CCD has been implemented and sustained. The sites were surveyed, and responses were followed up by phone interviews. Project reports provided information on additional sites, and a review of published studies was undertaken to document the effectiveness of CCD for improving child and family outcomes, as well as its feasibility for implementation in resource‐constrained communities.ResultsThe inventory found that CCD had been integrated into existing services in diverse sectors in 19 countries and 23 sites, including child survival, health, nutrition, infant day care, early education, family and child protection and services for children with disabilities. Published and unpublished evaluations have found that CCD interventions can improve child development, growth and health, as well as responsive caregiving. It has also been reported to reduce maternal depression, a known risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes and poor child health, growth and development. Although CCD has expanded beyond initial implementation sites, only three countries reported having national policy support for integrating CCD into health or other services.ConclusionsStrong interest exists in many countries to move beyond child survival to protect and support optimal child development. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals depend on children realizing their potential to build healthy and emotionally, cognitively and socially competent future generations. More studies are needed to guide the integration of the CCD approach under different conditions. Nevertheless, the time is right to provide for the scale‐up of CCD as part of services for families and children.
Laplace–Beltrami Operator on Point Clouds Based on Anisotropic Voronoi Diagram
Authors: Qin Hongxing , Chen Yi , Wang Yunhai , Hong Xiaoyang , Yin Kangkang , Huang Hui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe symmetrizable and converged Laplace–Beltrami operator () is an indispensable tool for spectral geometrical analysis of point clouds. The , introduced by Liu et al. [LPG12] is guaranteed to be symmetrizable, but its convergence degrades when it is applied to models with sharp features. In this paper, we propose a novel , which is not only symmetrizable but also can handle the point‐sampled surface containing significant sharp features. By constructing the anisotropic Voronoi diagram in the local tangential space, the can be well constructed for any given point. To compute the area of anisotropic Voronoi cell, we introduce an efficient approximation by projecting the cell to the local tangent plane and have proved its convergence. We present numerical experiments that clearly demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed for point clouds that may contain noise, outliers, and non‐uniformities in thickness and spacing. Moreover, we can show that its spectrum is more accurate than the ones from existing for scan points or surfaces with sharp features.
The score distribution and factor structure of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences‐Positive Scale (CAPE‐P15) in a Canadian sample
Authors: Haque Mashal K. , Jacobson Jill A. , Bowie Christopher R. , Munhall Kevin G. 
Published: December 2017

AimPsychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) share several risk factors with psychotic disorders and confer greater risk of developing a psychotic disorder. Thus, individuals with PLEs not only comprise a valuable population in which to study the aetiology and premorbid changes associated with psychosis, but also represent a high‐risk population that could benefit from clinical monitoring or early intervention efforts.MethodWe examined the score distribution and factor structure of the current 15‐item Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences‐Positive Scale (CAPE‐P15) in a Canadian sample. The CAPE‐P15, which measures current PLEs in the general population, was completed by 1741 university students.ResultsThe distribution of total scores was positively skewed, and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a 3‐factor structure produced the best fit.ConclusionThe CAPE‐P15 has a similar score distribution and consistently measures three types of positive PLEs: persecutory ideation, bizarre experiences and perceptual abnormalities when administered in Canada vs Australia.
Effect of fishing effort on catch rate and catchability of largemouth bass in small impoundments
Authors: Wegener M. G. , Schramm H. L. , Neal J. W. , Gerard P. D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLargemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède) catch rates decline with sustained fishing effort, even without harvest. It is unclear why declines in catch rate occur, and little research has been directed at how to improve catch rate. Learning has been proposed as a reason for declining catch rate, but has never been tested on largemouth bass. If catch rate declines because fish learn to avoid lures, periods of no fishing could be a management tool for increasing catch rate. In this study, six small impoundments with established fish populations were fished for two May to October fishing seasons to evaluate the effect of fishing effort on catch rate. Closed seasons were implemented to test whether a 2‐month period of no fishing improved catch rates and to determine whether conditioning from factors other than being captured reduced catch rate. Mixed‐model analysis indicated catch rate and catchability declined throughout the fishing season. Catch rate and catchability increased after a 2‐month closure but soon declined to the lowest levels of the fishing season. These changes in catch rate and catchability support the conclusion of learned angler avoidance, but sustained catchability of fish not previously caught does not support that associative or social learning affected catchability.
Efficacy and safety of rifaximin in Japanese patients with hepatic encephalopathy: A phase II/III, multicenter, randomized, evaluator‐blinded, active‐controlled trial and a phase III, multicenter, open trial
Authors: Suzuki Kazuyuki , Endo Ryujin , Takikawa Yasuhiro , Moriyasu Fuminori , Aoyagi Yutaka , Moriwaki Hisataka , Terai Shuji , Sakaida Isao , Sakai Yoshiyuki , Nishiguchi Shuhei , Ishikawa Toru , Takagi Hitoshi , Naganuma Atsushi , Genda Takuya , Ichida Takafumi , Takaguchi Koichi , Miyazawa Katsuhiko , Okita Kiwamu 
Published: December 2017

AimThe efficacy and safety of rifaximin in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) are widely known, but they have not been confirmed in Japanese patients with HE. Thus, two prospective, randomized studies (a phase II/III study and a phase III study) were carried out.MethodsSubjects with grade I or II HE and hyperammonemia were enrolled. The phase II/III study, which was a randomized, evaluator‐blinded, active‐comparator, parallel‐group study, was undertaken at 37 institutions in Japan. Treatment periods were 14 days. Eligible patients were randomized to the rifaximin group (1200 mg/day) or the lactitol group (18–36 g/day). The phase III study was carried out in the same patients previously enrolled in the phase II/III study, and they were all treated with rifaximin (1200 mg/day) for 10 weeks.ResultsIn the phase II/III study, 172 patients were enrolled. Blood ammonia (B‐NH3) concentration was significantly improved in the rifaximin group, but the difference between the two groups was not significant. The portal systemic encephalopathy index (PSE index), including HE grade, was significantly improved in both groups. In the phase III study, 87.3% of enrolled patients completed the treatment. The improved B‐NH3 concentration and PSE index were well maintained from the phase II/III study during the treatment period of the phase III study. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were seen in 13.4% of patients who received rifaximin, but there were no severe ADRs leading to death.ConclusionThe efficacy of rifaximin is sufficient and treatment is well tolerated in Japanese patients with HE and hyperammonemia.
Spark plasma sintered HA‐ZnO ultrafine composite: Mechanical, bactericidal, and cytocompatibility properties
Authors: Bajpai Indu , Basu Bikramjit 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCalcium‐phosphate based hydroxyapatite (HA) biomaterials are widely being investigated due to their osseointegration property, but those inherently lack antibacterial property. In the present work, wet‐chemically synthesized rod‐shaped zinc oxide (ZnO) is embedded in HA and its role as antibacterial agent without compromising cytocompatability property is established. In particular, HA‐xZnO (x = 0, 5, 10 wt.%) composites were consolidated by spark plasma sintering at 950°C in vacuum. A host of the spectroscopy and microscopy techniques were utilized to analyze the nature of distribution of ZnO as well as surface chemical characteristics. While the bactericidal property is expectedly induced, the elastic modulus as well as cell adhesion property remains uncompromised.
Physical properties of supercritical fluid extrusion products composed of milk protein concentrate with carbohydrates
Authors: Liu Hongzhi , Hebb Richard Lebaron , Putri Novita , Rizvi Syed S. H. 
Published: December 2017

SummarySupercritical fluid extrusion (SCFX) is a novel process combining traditional extrusion and supercritical fluid technologies. The objective of this study was (i) to assess the effect of sugar, maltodextrin and cornstarch on the physical properties of milk protein concentrate (MPC) puffed extrudates and (ii) to compare the physical and textural properties of SCFX puffed MPC products with commercially puffed cereal products. Results showed that the nutritious MPC puffed products with carbohydrates can be made with textural properties (hardness, brittleness and crispness) resembling those of the commercial samples. The porosity of F2 (0.573) was assessed to the commercial product C1 (0.543) and C2 (0.595), the specific length of F3 (50.41) was assessed to C1 (45.51) and F4 (80.14) was assessed to C2 (78.12). The hardness of extrudate F3 (435.49 KPa) was assessed to C2 (482.7 KPa). The Young's modulus of F5 (87.03) was assessed to C2 (80.57). The starches affected the crispness of the extrudates, and sugar affected the hardness and brittleness significantly.
Therapy‐related acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in Victoria, Australia 2003–2014
Authors: Ong Doen Ming , Farrugia Helen , Wei Andrew 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe burden of therapy‐related acute myeloid leukaemia (tAML)/therapy‐related myelodysplastic syndrome (tMDS) in Australia has not been characterised.AimsTo provide insights into the incidence, associated cancers, latency and survival outcomes of patients with tAML/tMDS in Victoria, Australia, based on a state‐wide cancer registry and to assess if these features are different in tAML/tMDS compared with de novo AML/MDS.MethodsWe analysed adults aged ≥20 years at diagnosis of AML/MDS reported to the Victorian Cancer Registry (VCR) between 2003 and 2014.ResultsIn total, 73 of 3120 (2.3%) AML cases were classified tAML. tAML patients were younger than non‐tAML patients at diagnosis (median age 66 vs 71 years, P = 0.000). Median overall survival was similar (6 months). Median latency to tAML was 82 months, with two incidence peaks at 1–4 and 7–8 years. In total, 59 of 73 patients had recorded cancers, the most frequent being non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL, 32.2%) and breast cancer (16.9%). In total, 532 of 3120 (14.1%) additional AML cases had ≥1 prior cancer (confirmation of chemoradiotherapy unavailable). tAML incidence increased (0.0/100 000 persons in 2003, 0.5/100 000 persons in 2014), as did the incidence of non‐tAML with previous cancer (0.8/100 000 persons in 2003, 1.1/100 000 persons in 2014). In total, 101 of 4435 (2.3%) MDS cases were classified tMDS. Although tMDS incidence fluctuated (range 0–0.4/100 000 persons/year), the incidence of non‐tMDS with prior cancer rose (1.4/100 000 persons in 2003, 1.9/100 000 persons in 2014). Compared to tAML, the tMDS cohort was older (median age 70 vs 66 years, P = 0.007). Median latency to tMDS was 42.5 months. NHL was also the most common cancer preceding tMDS, but the second most common cancer was myeloma (17.8%). In total, 1287 of 5061 (20.3%) non‐tMDS patients had a prior cancer.ConclusionsThe burden of tAML/tMDS in Victoria is likely to be underestimated. Linkage between VCR and clinical registries is needed to provide more accurate insights.
High‐temperature stability of YSZ and MSZ ceramic materials in CaF2–MgF2–MgO molten salt system
Authors: Kwon Sukcheol , Cho Soo‐Haeng , Nersisyan Hayk H. , Lee Jinyoung , Kang Jungshin , Lee Jong‐Hyeon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe high‐temperature stability of YSZ and MSZ specimens was investigated in CaF2–MgF2–MgO molten salt at 1200°C. YSZ was mostly composed of m‐ZrO2 and a small part of YF3 in the early stages. The formation of YF3 was attributed to the chemical reaction between Y2O3 and MgF2, which can lead to the leaching of Y2O3 from YSZ. With an increase in exposure time, the degraded surface was coarser, and considerable amount of cracks, pores, and spallations were formed. Furthermore, no Y2O3 was found up to 120 μm of the YSZ bulk in the early stages. MSZ was composed of t‐ZrO2 after 24 hours. However, the volume fraction of m‐ZrO2 was 72% after 72 hours, and CaZrO3 was formed by the chemical reaction between CaO and ZrO2 after 168 hours. In addition, the volume fraction of m‐ZrO2 was 60% in 2.5 wt% MgO and 49% in 10 wt% MgO. In 5 wt% MgO, CaZrO3 was formed. We demonstrate that the high‐temperature stability of MSZ was better than that of YSZ, and that 10 wt% MgO was much more stable than the other concentrations of MgO.
Effect of CeO2 and Al2O3 contents on Ce‐ZrO2/Al2O3 composites
Authors: Guo Wei‐Ming , Zeng Ling‐Yong , Wu Li‐Xiang , Wang Hong‐Jian , Sun Shi‐Kuan , Lin Hua‐Tay , Wu Shang‐Hua , Wang Cheng‐Yong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEffect of CeO2 and Al2O3 contents on phase composition, microstructures, and mechanical properties of Ce–ZrO2/Al2O3 composites was studied. The CeO2 content in CeO2–ZrO2 varied from 7 to 16 mol%, and the Al2O3 content in Ce‐ZrO2/Al2O3 composites were 7 and 22 wt%. When CeO2 content was ≤10 mol%, high Al2O3 content contributed to hinder the tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic ZrO2 phase transformation during cooling and decrease the density of microcracks in the composites. Tetragonal ZrO2 single‐phase was obtained in the composites with ≥12 mol% CeO2, regardless of the Al2O3 content. Hardness, flexural strength, and toughness were dependent on CeO2 and Al2O3 contents which were related to the microcracks, grain size, and phase transformation. The high flexural strength and toughness of the composites with 7wt% Al2O3 could be obtained at an optimum CeO2 content of 12 mol%, whereas those of the composites with 22 wt% Al2O3 could be achieved in the wide CeO2 content range of 8.5‐12 mol%.
Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of Older Adults Seeking Care in Ambulatory Urgent Care Clinics
Authors: Reyes Bernardo J. , Lopez Javier M , Galindo Diana J. , Briceno Maria , Ouslander Joseph G. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the most common clinical conditions associated with older adults visiting Urgent care centers (UCCs) and the potential need for further resource use.DesignCross‐sectional retrospective study.SettingNonprofit academic medical center with campuses and multiple satellite offices in Ohio and Florida.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 55 and older who visited UCCs between August 2014 and March 2015 (N = 9,445; average age 63.1 ± 10.1, 64% female). Of those, 2,445 had at least one encounter within the same healthcare system within 30 days after the index visit and were included in our final analysis.Measurements30‐day ED visits and hospitalizations.ResultsOf the 2,445 patients, 578 (23.6%) visited the emergency department (ED) or were hospitalized, 974 (39.8%) returned to the UCC, and 895 (63.4%) visited their primary care physician's office. A significantly higher proportion (38.4%, n = 68/177) of individuals aged 85 and older visited the ED or were hospitalized within 30 days (P < .010) than of those younger than 65 (20.0%, n = 273/1,367). Diabetes mellitus (odds ratio (OR) = 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.40–2.15, P < .001), coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease (OR = 2.45 CI 1.95–3.09, P < .001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder or asthma (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.23–2.01, P < .001), polypharmacy (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.18–1.78, P = .004), and cognitive impairment (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.74–4.31, P < .010) were associated with higher rates of ED visits or hospitalizations within 30 days of the UCC visit.ConclusionOlder adults (especially those aged ≥85) and those with conditions such as polypharmacy and dementia are at higher risk of being hospitalized or visit the ED after seeking care at UCCs than younger adults and those without these conditions.
Dietary intake in people consuming a low‐carbohydrate diet in the UK Biobank
Authors: Shafique M. , Russell S. , Murdoch S. , Bell J. D. , Guess N. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundLow‐carbohydrate diets are becoming increasingly popular, although their dietary quality outside of clinical studies is unknown. A previous study analysed the dietary intake in people consuming a reduced‐carbohydrate diet (<40% calories). However, it is not clear what foods people consume when carbohydrate is reduced to below 26% of total calories.MethodsIn the present cross‐sectional study, the dietary and nutrient intake collected via up to five consecutive 24‐h dietary recalls and a food frequency questionnaire of 444 individuals (aged 46‐79 years) consuming <26% of calories from carbohydrate (LCHO) was compared with that of 131 897 individuals consuming ≥45% calories from carbohydrate (NCHO) using the UK Biobank Dataset. Absolute cut‐offs to define the low‐carbohydrate group (<130 g day–1; n = 1953 versus ≥225 g day–1, n = 113 036) were also used.ResultsBoth NCHO (>45% calories and ≥225 g) groups consumed significantly more high‐sugar, high‐fat snacks [median 6.0, interquartile range (IQR) = 2.0–11.0 and median 6.0, IQR = 3.0–11.8, respectively) compared to the LCHO (<26% calories and <130 g) groups (median 0, IQR = 0–2.8 and median 1, IQR = 0–3.8, respectively) (P < 0.0001). Both LCHO groups reported consuming significantly more red meat, oily fish, nuts and seeds but fewer fruits, vegetables and pulses compared to the NCHO groups. In general, the consumption of oily fish, nuts, seeds and pulses was low across the whole cohort and differences in intake between the LCHO and NCHO groups were small. After adjusting for socio‐economic status, most differences remained.ConclusionsCarbohydrate restriction is associated with both beneficial and potentially deleterious dietary changes compared to a normal carbohydrate intake.
Influencing factors in quantitative measurement using activated platelet levels and platelet‐activating capacity for the assessment of thrombosis in pre‐metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Okano Kozue , Shitamoto Kazuki , Araki Minako , Kawamoto Chie , Kawano Reo , Nogaki Hiroshi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractActivated platelet levels and platelet‐activating capacity are well recognized as useful index parameters for the physiological and pharmacological prediction of thrombotic events. Recently, quantitative measurements for platelet functions using a flow cytometer have been increasing gradually. However, the relation of physiological factors, such as sex, aging, and laboratory tests, to platelet functions has not been well documented. We conducted a blood analysis of people with normal/pre‐metabolic syndrome and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to clarify the pathological factors. The levels of basal (non‐stimulated)‐activated, platelet‐expressed P‐selectin and activated platelet stimulated by agonists were measured by a flow cytometer, and ratios of platelet‐activating capacity were also calculated. Statistical analyses indicated significantly high basal‐activated platelet in pre‐metabolic syndrome, and basal‐activated platelet was positively associated with hyperlipidemia and hepatic damage. Platelet‐activating capacity was significantly low in aging and hyperlipidemia, but high in hyperglycemia, and was negatively associated with hyperlipidemia and hepatic damage. Aging and high nutrient condition impaired platelet functions. Quantitative measurements of basal‐activated platelet and platelet‐activating capacity are precise parameters for the prediction of thrombotic events.
Photoprotection by sunscreen depends on time spent on application
Authors: Heerfordt Ida M. , Torsnes Linnea R. , Philipsen Peter A. , Wulf Hans Christian 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundTo be effective, sunscreens must be applied in a sufficient quantity and reapplication is recommended. No previous study has investigated whether time spent on sunscreen application is important for the achieved photoprotection.AimTo determine whether time spent on sunscreen application is related to the amount of sunscreen used during a first and second application.MethodsThirty‐one volunteers wearing swimwear applied sunscreen twice in a laboratory environment. Time spent and the amount of sunscreen used during each application was measured. Subjects' body surface area accessible for sunscreen application (BSA) was estimated from their height, weight and swimwear worn. The average applied quantity of sunscreen after each application was calculated.ResultsSubjects spent on average 4 minutes and 15 seconds on the first application and approximately 85% of that time on the second application. There was a linear relationship between time spent on application and amount of sunscreen used during both the first and the second application (P < .0001). Participants applied 2.21 grams of sunscreen per minute during both applications. After the first application, subjects had applied a mean quantity of sunscreen of 0.71 mg/cm2 on the BSA, and after the second application, a mean total quantity of 1.27 mg/cm2 had been applied.ConclusionWe found that participants applied a constant amount of sunscreen per minute during both a first and a second application. Measurement of time spent on application of sunscreen on different body sites may be useful in investigating the distribution of sunscreen in real‐life settings.