bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of endotracheal tube shortening on work of breathing in neonatal and pediatric in vitro lung models
Authors: Mohr Rebecca , Thomas Jörg , Cannizzaro Vincenzo , Weiss Markus , Schmidt Alexander R. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBackgroundWork of breathing accounts for a significant proportion of total oxygen consumption in neonates and infants. Endotracheal tube inner diameter and length significantly affect airflow resistance and thus work of breathing. While endotracheal tube shortening reduces endotracheal tube resistance, the impact on work of breathing in mechanically ventilated neonates and infants remains unknown.AimThe objective of this in vitro study was to quantify the effect of endotracheal tube shortening on work of breathing in simulated pediatric lung settings. We hypothesized that endotracheal tube shortening significantly reduces work of breathing.MethodsWe used the Active‐Servo‐Lung 5000 to simulate different clinical scenarios in mechanically ventilated infants and neonates under spontaneous breathing with and without pressure support. Endotracheal tube size, lung resistance, and compliance, as well as respiratory settings such as respiratory rate and tidal volume were weight and age adapted for each lung model. Work of breathing was measured before and after maximal endotracheal tube shortening and the reduction of the daily energy demand calculated.ResultsTube shortening with and without pressure support decreased work of breathing to a maximum of 10.1% and 8.1%, respectively. As a result, the calculated reduction of total daily energy demand by endotracheal tube shortening was between 0.002% and 0.02%.ConclusionIn this in vitro lung model, endotracheal tube shortening had minimal effects on work of breathing. Moreover, the calculated percentage reduction of the total daily energy demand after endotracheal tube shortening was minimal.
Impact of starting material (fresh versus cryopreserved marrow) on mesenchymal stem cell culture
Authors: Kaplan Alesia , Sackett Katie , Sumstad Darin , Kadidlo Dianne , McKenna David H. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) continue to be investigated in multiple clinical trials as potential therapy for different disorders. There is ongoing controversy surrounding the clinical use of cryopreserved versus fresh MSCs. However, little is known about how cryopreservation affects marrow as starting material. The growth kinetics of MSC cultures derived from fresh versus cryopreserved marrow were compared.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSData were reviewed on the growth kinetics of MSCs derived from fresh versus cryopreserved marrow of nine donors. Marrow harvested from each donor was separated into four aliquots (one fresh and three cryopreserved for culture). Data on the date of mononuclear cell cryopreservation/thaw, MSC counts at Passages 1 and 2, MSC doubling, MSC fold expansion, viability (of mononuclear cells and final MSCs), and on flow cytometry markers of mononuclear cells and final MSCs were analyzed for the fresh and cryopreserved marrow groups.RESULTSIn total, 21 MSC lots (seven fresh and 14 cryopreserved) were obtained. The average age of cryopreserved mononuclear cell product was 295 days (range, 18‐1241 days). There were no significant differences between MSC numbers at Passage 1 (p = 0.1), final MSC numbers (p = 0.5), MSC doubling (p = 0.7), or MSC fold expansion (p = 0.7). A significant difference was observed in viability by flow cytometry for both mononuclear cells (p = 0.002) and final MSCs (p = 0.009), with higher viability in the fresh marrow group.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that MSCs derived from cryopreserved marrow have the same growth characteristics as fresh marrow–derived MSCs. Further studies are needed to explore potential differences in clinical efficacy.
Talking about human papillomavirus and cancer: development of consultation guides through lay and professional stakeholder coproduction using qualitative, quantitative and secondary data
Authors: Hendry Maggie , Pasterfield Diana , Gollins Simon , Adams Richard , Evans Mererid , Fiander Alison , Robling Michael , Campbell Christine , Bekkers Marie-Jet , Hiscock Julia , Nafees Sadia , Rose Janice , Stanley Margaret , Williams Olwen , Makin Matthew , Wilkinson Clare 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundHigh-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause all cervical cancer and the majority of vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile and oropharyngeal cancers. Although HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection, public awareness of this is poor. In addition, many clinicians lack adequate knowledge or confidence to discuss sexual transmission and related sensitive issues. Complex science needs to be communicated in a clear, digestible, honest and salient way. Therefore, the aim of this study was to coproduce with patients who have cancer appropriate resources to guide these highly sensitive and difficult consultations.MethodsA matrix of evidence developed from a variety of sources, including a systematic review and telephone interviews with clinicians, supported the production of a draft list of approximately 100 potential educational messages. These were refined in face-to-face patient interviews using card-sorting techniques, and tested in cognitive debrief interviews to produce a â€˜fast and frugalâ€™ knowledge tool.ResultsWe developed three versions of a consultation guide, each comprising a clinician guidance sheet and patient information leaflet for gynaecological (cervical, vaginal, vulvar), anal or oropharyngeal cancers. That cancer could be caused by a sexually transmitted virus acquired many years previously was surprising to many and shocking to a few patients. However, they found the information clear, helpful and reassuring. Clinicians acknowledged a lack of confidence in explaining HPV, welcomed the clinician guidance sheets and considered printed information for patients particularly useful.ConclusionBecause of the â€˜shock factorâ€™, clinicians will need to approach the discussion of HPV with sensitivity and take individual needs and preferences into account, but we provide a novel, rigorously developed and tested resource which should have broad applicability in the UK National Health Service and other health systems.
Single-cell gene expression patterns in lupus monocytes independently indicate disease activity, interferon and therapy
Authors: Jin Zhongbo , Fan Wei , Jensen Mark A , Dorschner Jessica M , Bonadurer George F , Vsetecka Danielle M , Amin Shreyasee , Makol Ashima , Ernste Floranne , Osborn Thomas , Moder Kevin , Chowdhary Vaidehi , Niewold Timothy B 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesImportant findings can be masked in gene expression studies of mixed cell populations. We examined single-cell gene expression in SLE patient monocytes in the context of clinical and immunological features.MethodsMonocytes were purified from patients with SLE and controls, and individually isolated for single-cell gene expression measurement. A panel of monocyte-related transcripts were measured in individual classical (CL) and non-classical (NCL) monocytes.ResultsAnalyses of both CL and NCL monocytes demonstrated that many genes had a lower expression rate in SLE monocytes than in controls. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the CL and NCL data sets demonstrated independent clusters of cells from the patients with SLE that were related to disease activity, type I interferon (IFN) and medication use. Thus, each of these factors exerted a different impact on monocyte gene expression that could be identified separately, and a number of genes correlated uniquely with disease activity. We found within-cell correlations between genes directly induced by type I IFN-induced and other non–IFN-induced genes, suggesting the downstream biological effects of type I IFN in individual human SLE monocytes which differed between CLs and NCLs.ConclusionsIn summary, single-cell gene expression in monocytes was associated with a wide range of clinical and biological features in SLE, providing much greater detail and insight into the cellular biology underlying the disease than previous mixed-cell population studies.
A patient-specific intracranial aneurysm model with endothelial lining: a novel in vitro approach to bridge the gap between biology and flow dynamics
Authors: Kaneko Naoki , Mashiko Toshihiro , Namba Katsunari , Tateshima Satoshi , Watanabe Eiju , Kawai Kensuke 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo develop an in vitro model for studying the biological effect of complex-flow stress on endothelial cells in three-dimensional (3D) patient-specific vascular geometry.Materials and methodsA vessel replica was fabricated with polydimethylsiloxanes using 3D printing technology from vascular image data acquired by rotational angiography. The vascular model was coated with fibronectin and immersed in a tube filled with a cell suspension of endothelium, and then cultured while being slowly rotated in three dimensions. Culture medium with viscosity was perfused in the circulation with the endothelialized vascular model. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was conducted using perfusion conditions used in the flow experiment. The morphology of endothelial cells was observed under a confocal microscope.ResultsThe CFD study showed low wall shear stress and circulating flow in the apex of the basilar tip aneurysm, with linear flow in the parent artery. Confocal imaging demonstrated that the inner surface of the vascular model was evenly covered with monolayer endothelial cells. After 24 h of flow circulation, endothelial cells in the parent artery exhibited a spindle shape and aligned with the flow direction. In contrast, endothelial cells in the aneurysmal apex were irregular in shape and size.ConclusionsA geometrically realistic intracranial aneurysm model with live endothelial lining was successfully developed. This in vitro model enables a new research approach combining study of the biological impact of complex flow on endothelial cells with CFD analysis and patient information, including the presence of aneurysmal growth or rupture.
GLI1 Blockade Potentiates the Antitumor Activity of PI3K Antagonists in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kasiri Sahba , Shao Chunli , Chen Baozhi , Wilson Alexandra N. , Yenerall Paul , Timmons Brenda C. , Girard Luc , Tian Hui , Behrens Carmen , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Gazdar Adi F. , Kim James 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), strongly associated with smoking, is treated primarily with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy due to a lack of FDA-approved targeted agents available. Here, we identify the Hedgehog pathway transcription factor GLI1 as a critical driver of lung SCC. Analysis of human lung cancer datasets showed that GLI1 mRNA was highly expressed in human lung SCC and portended a poor prognosis. Inhibition of GLI1 in human lung SCC cell lines suppressed tumor cell clonogenicity and proliferation in culture and in vivo. Addition of SHH ligand, SMO antagonists, or other Hedgehog pathway agonists did not affect GLI1 expression in lung SCC cells. However, GLI1 expression was modulated by either inhibition or activation of the PI3K and MAPK pathways. Furthermore, in vivo growth of SCC harboring amplifications of the PI3K gene PIK3CA was attenuated by antagonizing GLI1 and PI3K. Thus, a combinatorial therapeutic strategy that targets the PI3K–mTOR pathway and GLI1 may lead to effective outcomes for PI3K pathway-dependent cancers, in contrast to recent results of human trials with single-agent PI3K antagonists. Cancer Res; 77(16); 4448–59. ©2017 AACR.
Targeting Adenosine in BRAF-Mutant Melanoma Reduces Tumor Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Young Arabella , Ngiow Shin Foong , Madore Jason , Reinhardt Julia , Landsberg Jennifer , Chitsazan Arash , Rautela Jai , Bald Tobias , Barkauskas Deborah S. , Ahern Elizabeth , Huntington Nicholas D. , Schadendorf Dirk , Long Georgina V. , Boyle Glen M. , Hölzel Michael , Scolyer Richard A. , Smyth Mark J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Increasing evidence exists for the role of immunosuppressive adenosine in promoting tumor growth and spread in a number of cancer types, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. In this study, we assessed whether the CD73-adenosinergic pathway is active in melanoma patients and whether adenosine restricts the efficacy of clinically approved targeted therapies for commonly mutated BRAFV600E melanoma. In AJCC stage III melanoma patients, CD73 expression (the enzyme that generates adenosine) correlated significantly with patients presenting nodal metastatic melanoma, suggesting that targeting this pathway may be effective in advanced stage disease. In addition, dabrafenib and trametinib treatment of CD73+ BRAFV600E-mutant melanomas caused profound CD73 downregulation in tumor cells. Inhibition of BRAF and MEK in combination with the A2A adenosine receptor provided significant protection against tumor initiation and metastasis formation in mice. Our results suggest that targeting adenosine may enhance therapeutic responses for melanoma patients receiving targeted or immune-based therapies. Cancer Res; 77(17); 4684–96. ©2017 AACR.
Immune Escape in Breast Cancer DuringIn Situto Invasive Carcinoma Transition
Authors: Gil Del Alcazar Carlos R. , Huh Sung Jin , Ekram Muhammad B. , Trinh Anne , Liu Lin L. , Beca Francisco , Zi Xiaoyuan , Kwak Minsuk , Bergholtz Helga , Su Ying , Ding Lina , Russnes Hege G. , Richardson Andrea L. , Babski Kirsten , Min Hui Kim Elizabeth , McDonnell Charles H. , Wagner Jon , Rowberry Ron , Freeman Gordon J. , Dillon Deborah , Sorlie Therese , Coussens Lisa M. , Garber Judy E. , Fan Rong , Bobolis Kristie , Allred D. Craig , Jeong Joon , Park So Yeon , Michor Franziska , Polyak Kornelia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo investigate immune escape during breast tumor progression, we analyzed the composition of leukocytes in normal breast tissues, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC). We found significant tissue and tumor subtype-specific differences in multiple cell types including T cells and neutrophils. Gene expression profiling of CD45+CD3+ T cells demonstrated a decrease in CD8+ signatures in IDCs. Immunofluorescence analysis showed fewer activated GZMB+CD8+ T cells in IDC than in DCIS, including in matched DCIS and recurrent IDC. T-cell receptor clonotype diversity was significantly higher in DCIS than in IDCs. Immune checkpoint protein TIGIT-expressing T cells were more frequent in DCIS, whereas high PD-L1 expression and amplification of CD274 (encoding PD-L1) was only detected in triple-negative IDCs. Coamplification of a 17q12 chemokine cluster with ERBB2 subdivided HER2+ breast tumors into immunologically and clinically distinct subtypes. Our results show coevolution of cancer cells and the immune microenvironment during tumor progression.Significance: The design of effective cancer immunotherapies requires the understanding of mechanisms underlying immune escape during tumor progression. Here we demonstrate a switch to a less active tumor immune environment during the in situ to invasive breast carcinoma transition, and identify immune regulators and genomic alterations that shape tumor evolution. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1098–115. ©2017 AACR.See related commentary by Speiser and Verdeil, p. 1062.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047
Etnocinema, Juventudes e Saúde Pública: a prática social do cinema e a abordagem interdisciplinar na pesquisa
Authors: Araujo Eveline Stella de , Gallo Paulo Rogério 
Published: June 2017

Propomos, neste artigo, um escopo teórico para análise da produção fílmica de jovens de periferia de São Paulo, como uma prática social do cinema, a partir dos campos da Antropologia e Cinema, Saúde Pública e Processos Criativos, e Juventudes. Os dados da revisão de literatura foram triangulados com os coletados na pesquisa etnográfica e com os construídos pela análise de um banco virtual de curtas-metragens, projetando as tecnologias de mídia como fontes de informações sobre características comportamentais e sociais. Entre os resultados estão a identificação da diversidade de expressões sociais dos jovens como peculiar a cada periferia, sendo reveladas nos filmes produzidos; o processo criativo transita entre real e virtual pelo uso das redes sociais pelos jovens e emerge como locus de pesquisa por desvelar os processos de escolha; o estímulo às práticas coletivas de criação artística revelara-se como estratégias preventivas no campo da Saúde Pública.
Por que cantam os kisêdjê – uma antropologia musical de um povo amazônico
Authors: Lappicy Paola 
Published: June 2017

O livro Por que cantam os kisêdjê – uma Antropologia Musical de um Povo Amazônico, de Anthony Seeger, foi publicado originalmente em 1987. Na obra em referência, Seeger propõe um estudo da música e do seu papel no processo social. Algumas perguntas permeiam o texto, quais sejam: por que os membros de um grupo específico valorizam tanto o canto? Por que performances dos cantos apresentam certas estruturas, timbres e estilos? Por que certos membros da comunidade cantam especificamente tais coisas, de tais maneiras, para tal plateia, em tal lugar e momento específicos? Assim, sua etnografia vai aos poucos circundando essas perguntas por meio de uma antropologia musical. O autor versa sobre a organização total da produção do canto kisêdjê, desde sua relação com outros gêneros verbais até sua associação integral com a reprodução social e produção econômica. Por meio da Festa do Rato, os Kisêdjê participavam de um ato criativo que transcendia os sons – era parte de processos e instituições sociais de sua sociedade.
The nomenclatural demise of Oncodostigma (Annonaceae): the remaining species transferred to Meiogyne
Authors: XUE BINE , LIU MING-FAI , SAUNDERS RICHARD M.K. 
Published: June 2017

Oncodostigma Diels (1912: 143) was erected by Diels (1912) based on the type species O. leptoneura Diels (1912: 143). Five additional species were subsequently added to the genus, viz.: O. wilsonii Guillaumin (1931: 224), O. monosperma (Hooker & Thomson 1872: 57) Sinclair (1951: 605), O. mindorense (Merrill 1907: 273) Bân (1974: 1779), O. hainanense (Merrill 1925: 131) Tsiang & Li (1979: 81) and O. microflorum Okada (1996: 8). Van Heusden (1992) conducted a detailed comparative study of the floral morphology of Annonaceae and noted that Oncodostigma is not clearly distinct from Meiogyne Miquel (1865: 12). She subsequently transferred O. mindorense and O. monosperma to Meiogyne and reduced O. wilsonii to synonymy with M. cylindrocarpa (Burck 1911: 433) Heusden (1994: 499). The name Oncodostigma hainanense (Merrill 1925: 131) Tsiang & Li (1979: 81) had previously been transferred to Meiogyne by Bân (1973).
Unnecessary emergency medical services transport associated with alcohol intoxication
Authors: Van Dillen Christine , Kim Sun Hyu 
Published: June 2017

Objective This study investigated medically unnecessary emergency medical services (EMS) transportation by comparing non-intoxicated versus intoxicated patients who did not receive emergency department (ED) treatment but utilized EMS transport. Methods Patients who used EMS but did not receive ED treatment were classified into non-intoxicated and intoxicated groups. Reasons for not receiving ED treatment were categorized according to whether the decision was made by the patient against medical advice or if the decision was based on a physician’s evaluation and their recommendations. Results There were 212 patients reviewed; 120 in the non-intoxicated group and 92 in the intoxicated group. The intoxicated group had a higher proportion of males than the non-intoxicated group. The most common cause of non-disease symptoms in the intoxicated group was assault. In the non-intoxicated group, the most common reason for the lack of ED treatment was that treatment could take place on an outpatient basis, while in the intoxicated group, the reason was lack of patient cooperation. Conclusions The intoxicated group was older, male and more likely to present with symptoms not related to a disease process than those in the non-intoxicated group when using unnecessary EMS transport.
Optimal response to dimethyl fumarate associates in MS with a shift from an inflammatory to a tolerogenic blood cell profile
Authors: Medina Silvia , Villarrubia Noelia , Sainz de la Maza Susana , Lifante José , Costa-Frossard Lucienne , Roldán Ernesto , Picón Carmen , Álvarez-Cermeño José C , Villar Luisa M 
Published: June 2017

Background: The precise mechanism of action of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) treatment in MS remains unknown. Objective: To identify the changes in the blood lymphocyte profile of MS patients predicting no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) status after DMF treatment. Methods: We studied blood lymphocyte subsets of 64 MS patients treated with DMF at baseline and after 6 months of treatment by flow cytometry. NEDA (41 patients) or ongoing disease activity (ODA, 23 patients) were monitored after a year of follow-up. Results: During treatment, all patients experienced an increase in the naive T cells and a decrease in effector memory ones. However, only NEDA patients showed a significant reduction in central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, memory B cells, CD4+ T cells producing interferon (IFN)-gamma, CD8+ T cells producing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and IFN-gamma and B cells producing TNF-alpha. Additionally, they had an increase in regulatory CD56bright cells not observed in ODA group. After treatment, there was a negative correlation between CD56bright cells and CD8+ T cells producing IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Conclusion: A pro-tolerogenic shift in the blood leukocyte profile associates with an optimal response to DMF in MS.
Chimney Technique in Supra-Aortic Branch Reconstruction in China: A Systematic and Critical Review of Chinese Published Experience
Authors: Zhao Yang , Shi Yawei , Wang Mian , Cui Jin , Chen Yitian , Zheng Liang , Yin Henghui , Chang Guangqi 
Published: June 2017

Background: The chimney graft (CG) technique has been proposed as a complete endovascular supra-aortic branch reconstruction for aortic pathologies. Due to the rapid growth of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in China, we aimed to investigate the current data of the CG technique in this most populous country. Methods: Studies of supra-aortic branch reconstruction using the CG technique from Chinese centers were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 294 patients from Chinese centers who underwent TEVAR with CGs were included. There were 301 CGs performed, with a technical successful rate of 97.7%. The rate of early type I endoleaks was 7.1%, and the patency rate of the CGs was desirable. Balloon-expandable bare CGs were significantly associated with good early outcomes and a low rate of endoleaks. Conclusion: Current data from China revealed positive outcomes using CGs for supra-aortic branch reconstruction. Balloon-expandable bare CGs may be the first choice according to the data available but should be considered with caution.