bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indications for Cesarean Delivery in Mexico: Evaluation of Appropriate Use and Justification
Authors: Aranda‐Neri Juan Carlos , Suárez‐López Leticia , DeMaria Lisa M. , Walker Dilys 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundCesarean delivery is one of the most widely used surgical interventions in Latin America and in many cases it is performed with no clear medical indication. Our objective was to analyze the relationship between reported indications for a cesarean and support for that indication in the clinical record in four Mexican hospitals, during the 2006–2007 period.MethodsThe data are from 604 (37.1%) women from a total of 1,625 who were admitted to the hospital in labor, and who gave birth through cesarean. Multivariate logistical regression analysis was used to explore the association between indications for clinically justified or unjustified surgery and other clinical and sociodemographic variables.ResultsSupporting clinical information for indications of cesarean delivery were found in only 45 percent of the cases considered. The adjusted statistical analysis showed that the variables associated with an unjustified indication for cesarean were: not having had a prior birth (OR 1.84 [95% CI 1.16–2.89]), having a maximum cervical dilation of 4 centimeters or less at time of cesarean (OR 2.44 [95% CI 1.53–3.87]), and having received care in a private hospital (OR 6.11 [95% CI 1.90–19.57]).DiscussionThe indications for cesarean related to labor dynamics were those least supported. Not having had a prior birth poses the greatest risk of having a poorly supported indication for a cesarean delivery. It would be prudent to institute audits, and greater requirements for and surveillance of documentation for cesarean delivery indications.
Nativity, Country of Education, and Mexican‐Origin Women's Breastfeeding Behaviors in the First 10 Months Postpartum
Authors: Hendrick C. Emily , Potter Joseph E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundBreastfeeding is associated with numerous health benefits for the infant and mother. Latina women in the United States have historically had high overall rates of initiation and duration of breastfeeding. However, these rates vary by nativity and time lived in the United States. Exclusive breastfeeding patterns among Latina women are unclear. In this study, we investigate the current and exclusive breastfeeding patterns of Mexican‐origin women at four time points from delivery to 10 months postpartum to determine the combined association of nativity and country of education with breastfeeding duration and supplementation.MethodsData are from the Postpartum Contraception Study, a prospective cohort study of postpartum women ages 18–44 recruited from three hospitals in Austin and El Paso, Texas. We included Mexican‐origin women who were born in either the United States or Mexico in the analytic sample (n = 593).ResultsWomen completing schooling in Mexico had higher rates of overall breastfeeding throughout the study period than women educated in the United States, regardless of country of birth. This trend held in multivariate models while diminishing over time. Women born in Mexico who completed their schooling in the United States were least likely to exclusively breastfeed.DiscussionCountry of education should also be considered when assessing Latina women's risk for breastfeeding discontinuation. Efforts should be made to identify the barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding among US‐educated Mexican‐origin women to enhance existing breastfeeding promotion efforts in the United States.
Circulating tumor cells as a potential biomarker in diagnosis of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Huang , Shi Yan , Huang Jietao , Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Rui , Chen Hong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectivesAccumulating evidences demonstrated that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) show significant high concentration in plasma of lung cancer patients compared to control cohorts, suggesting that CTCs may be a promising biomarker for lung cancer. The meta‐analysis was used to evaluate potential diagnostic value of CTCs in diagnosing lung cancer.MethodsRelevant literatures were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Technology of Chongqing (VIP), and Wan Fang Data. Summary estimates were used to evaluate CTCs as the diagnostic standard for lung cancer using Meta‐DiSc and STATA 12.0 statistical software.ResultsThis meta‐analysis included five studies with a total of 460 lung cancer patients and 239 benign controls. The sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence interval [CI]) of CTCs was 75% (95% CI: 54%‐88%) and 92% (95%CI: 82%‐97%), respectively. In addition, the area under the summary ROC curve (AUC) was 0.93.ConclusionCTCs is a novel potential biomarker in the diagnosis of lung cancer, and more prospective are needed in the future.
A proposed classification for follicular involvement by melanoma
Authors: Tjarks B. Joel , Somani Najwa , Piliang Melissa , Bergfeld Wilma F. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundFolliculotropism in melanoma is poorly characterized and standard categorization for follicular involvement by melanoma is unavailable. We propose a logical categorization system.MethodsWe conducted a search of our archives over a 24‐year period for cases mentioning the terms follicle, follicular, folliculotropic, folliculocentric and melanoma.ResultsWe identified 90 cases of melanoma with involvement of the hair follicle. Distinct patterns were identified. The invasive patterns were primary follicular, folliculotropic and invasive arising from melanoma in situ (MIS) with extensive follicular involvement. Follicular involvement by MIS was either lentiginous, nested or a combination of both.A total of 29 invasive melanomas were identified. Of these 12 had invasive melanoma around the hair follicle, 2 were primary follicular melanomas, 7 showed folliculotropism and 3 were invasive melanomas arising from MIS around the follicle. Seventeen invasive melanomas had follicles only involved by MIS (9 nested, 6 nested and lentiginous and 2 lentiginous).A total of 61 cases of MIS with follicular involvement were identified; of these 33 were lentiginous, 10 nested and 18 both lentiginous and nested.ConclusionWe propose that the three distinct patterns of follicular involvement by invasive melanoma and the three distinct patterns of MIS will be valuable for logically categorizing involvement of the hair follicle by melanoma.
Kant, Neo‐Kantians, and Transcendental Subjectivity
Authors: Baumann Charlotte 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article discusses an interpretation of Kant's conception of transcendental subjectivity, which manages to avoid many of the concerns that have been raised by analytic interpreters over this doctrine. It is an interpretation put forward by selected C19 and early C20 neo‐Kantian writers. The article starts out by offering a neo‐Kantian interpretation of the object as something that is constituted by the categories and that serves as a standard of truth within a theory of judgment (I). The second part explicates transcendental subjectivity as the system of categories, which is self‐referential and constitutes objects (II), in order to then evaluate this conception by means of a comparison with Hegel's absolute subject (III). Rather than delineating the differences between neo‐Kantian writers, the article systematically expounds a shared project, which consists in providing the ultimate foundation for judgments by means of an anti‐psychologist and non‐metaphysical interpretation of transcendental subjectivity.
Enkratic Agency
Authors: Horst David 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn enkratic agent is someone who intends to do A because she believes she should do A. Being enkratic is usually understood as something rationality requires of you. However, we must distinguish between different conceptions of enkratic rationality. According to a fairly common view, enkratic rationality is solely a normative requirement on agency: it tells us how agents should think and act. However, I shall argue that this normativist conception of enkratic rationality faces serious difficulties: it makes it a mystery how an agent's thinking and acting can be guided by the enkratic requirement, which, as I shall further argue, is something that an adequate conception of enkratic rationality must be able to explain. This, I suggest, motivates exploring a different account of enkratic rationality. On this view, enkratic rationality is primarily a constitutive requirement on agency: it is a standard internal to agency, i.e., a standard that partly spells out what it is to exercise one's agential powers well.
SORL1 rs1699102 polymorphism modulates age‐related cognitive decline and gray matter volume reduction in non‐demented individuals
Authors: Li H. , Lv C. L. , Yang C. S. , Wei D. F. , Chen K. W. , Li S. W. , Zhang Z. J. 
Published: October 2016

Background and purposeSORL1 rs1699102 is associated with the risk of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease. However, the effects of this single nucleotide polymorphism on cognition and brain structure during normal aging are unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects of the rs1699102 polymorphism on age‐related cognitive decline and cortical gray matter reduction in the Chinese Han population.MethodsA total of 780 non‐demented adults completed a battery of neuropsychological tests. High‐resolution T1‐weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 89 of these subjects were also collected using a Siemens Trio 3.0 Tesla scanner.ResultsThe T allele carriers displayed an accelerated age‐related change in episodic memory and processing speed tests relative to the CC genotype. A similar pattern was observed in the age‐related gray matter volume (GMV) reduction of the right middle temporal pole. The GMV in this region was significantly positively correlated with the episodic memory scores.ConclusionsThe SORL1 gene rs1699102 polymorphism has been found to be associated with age‐related cognitive decline and GMV reduction of the right middle temporal pole in older adults. These findings elucidate how the SORL1 variants shape the neural system to modulate age‐related cognitive decline and support the hypothesis that SORL1 may represent a candidate gene for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease.
Low cycle fatigue life prediction in shot‐peened components of different geometries – part II: life prediction
Authors: You C. , Achintha M. , Soady K. A. , Reed P. A. S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of shot peening on the low‐cycle fatigue performance of a low‐pressure steam turbine blade material. The finite element model incorporating shot‐peening effects, which has been introduced in part I, has been used to predict the stabilised stress/strain state in shot‐peened samples during fatigue loading. The application of this model has been extended to different notched geometries in this study. Based on the modelling results, both the Smith–Watson–Topper and Fatemi–Socie critical plane fatigue criteria have been used to predict the fatigue life of shot‐peened samples (treated with two different peening intensities) with varying notched geometries. A good agreement between experiments and predictions was obtained. The application of a critical distance method considering the stress and strain hardening gradients near the shot‐peened surface has been found to improve the life prediction results. The effects of surface defects on the accuracy of life predictions using the proposed method were also discussed.
An invasive wetland grass primes deep soil carbon pools
Authors: Bernal Blanca , Megonigal J. Patrick , Mozdzer Thomas J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the processes that control deep soil carbon (C) dynamics and accumulation is of key importance, given the relevance of soil organic matter (SOM) as a vast C pool and climate change buffer. Methodological constraints of measuring SOM decomposition in the field prevent the addressing of real‐time rhizosphere effects that regulate nutrient cycling and SOM decomposition. An invasive lineage of Phragmites australis roots deeper than native vegetation (Schoenoplectus americanus and Spartina patens) in coastal marshes of North America and has potential to dramatically alter C cycling and accumulation in these ecosystems. To evaluate the effect of deep rooting on SOM decomposition we designed a mesocosm experiment that differentiates between plant‐derived, surface SOM‐derived (0–40 cm, active root zone of native marsh vegetation), and deep SOM‐derived mineralization (40–80 cm, below active root zone of native vegetation). We found invasive P. australis allocated the highest proportion of roots in deeper soils, differing significantly from the native vegetation in root : shoot ratio and belowground biomass allocation. About half of the CO2 produced came from plant tissue mineralization in invasive and native communities; the rest of the CO2 was produced from SOM mineralization (priming). Under P. australis, 35% of the CO2 was produced from deep SOM priming and 9% from surface SOM. In the native community, 9% was produced from deep SOM priming and 44% from surface SOM. SOM priming in the native community was proportional to belowground biomass, while P. australis showed much higher priming with less belowground biomass. If P. australis deep rooting favors the decomposition of deep‐buried SOM accumulated under native vegetation, P. australis invasion into a wetland could fundamentally change SOM dynamics and lead to the loss of the C pool that was previously sequestered at depth under the native vegetation, thereby altering the function of a wetland as a long‐term C sink.
Exploring the potential linkages between oil‐field brine reinjection, crystalline basement permeability, and triggered seismicity for the Dagger Draw Oil field, southeastern New Mexico, USA, using hydrologic modeling
Authors: Zhang Y. , Edel S. S. , Pepin J. , Person M. , Broadhead R. , Ortiz J. P. , Bilek S. L. , Mozley P. , Evans J. P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe used hydrologic models to explore the potential linkages between oil‐field brine reinjection and increases in earthquake frequency (up to Md 3.26) in southeastern New Mexico and to assess different injection management scenarios aimed at reducing the risk of triggered seismicity. Our analysis focuses on saline water reinjection into the basal Ellenburger Group beneath the Dagger Draw Oil field, Permian Basin. Increased seismic frequency (>Md 2) began in 2001, 5 years after peak injection, at an average depth of 11 km within the basement 15 km to the west of the reinjection wells. We considered several scenarios including assigning an effective or bulk permeability value to the crystalline basement, including a conductive fault zone surrounded by tighter crystalline basement rocks, and allowing permeability to decay with depth. We initially adopted a 7 m (0.07 MPa) head increase as the threshold for triggered seismicity. Only two scenarios produced excess heads of 7m five years after peak injection. In the first, a hydraulic diffusivity of 0.1 m2 s−1 was assigned to the crystalline basement. In the second, a hydraulic diffusivity of 0.3 m2 s−1 was assigned to a conductive fault zone. If we had considered a wider range of threshold excess heads to be between 1 and 60 m, then the range of acceptable hydraulic diffusivities would have increased (between 0.1–0.01 m2 s−1 and 1–0.1 m2 s−1 for the bulk and fault zone scenarios, respectively). A permeability–depth decay model would have also satisfied the 5‐year time lag criterion. We also tested several injection management scenarios including redistributing injection volumes between various wells and lowering the total volume of injected fluids. Scenarios that reduced computed excess heads by over 50% within the crystalline basement resulted from reducing the total volume of reinjected fluids by a factor of 2 or more.
The contribution of recently identified adult BMI risk loci to paediatric obesity in a Singaporean Chinese childhood dataset
Authors: Dorajoo R. , Ong R. T‐H. , Sim X. , Wang L. , Liu W. , Tai E. S. , Liu J. , Saw S‐M. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIntroductionRecent genome‐wide association studies have identified 103 adult obesity risk loci; however, it is unclear if these findings are relevant to East‐Asian childhood body mass index (BMI) levels.Methods and ResultsWe evaluated for paediatric obesity associations at these risk loci utilizing genome‐wide data from Chinese childhood subjects in the Singapore Cohort study Of the Risk factors for Myopia study (N = 1006). A weighted gene‐risk score of all adult obesity risk loci in the Singapore Cohort study Of the Risk factors for Myopia study showed strong associations with BMI at age 9 (p‐value = 3.40 × 10−12) and 4‐year average BMI (age 9 to 12, p‐value = 6.67 × 10−8). Directionally consistent nominal associations for 15 index single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (p‐value < 0.05) were observed. Pathway analysis with genes from these 15 replicating loci revealed over‐representation for the G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR)‐mediated integration of entero‐endocrine signalling pathway exemplified by L‐cell (adjusted p‐value = 0.018). Evaluations of birth weight to modify the effects of BMI risk SNPs in paediatric obesity did not reveal significant interactions, and these SNPs were generally not associated with birth weight.ConclusionsAt least some common adult BMI risk variants predispose to paediatric obesity risk in East‐Asians.
Incidental inflammatory adenoma with β‐catenin activation in the setting of paediatric NASH
Authors: Oliveira S. , Samba A. K. , Towbin A. J. , Gupta A. , Geller J. I. , Nathan J. D. , Kohli R. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryHepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are benign tumours with potential for malignant transformation with no recommendations regarding management in the paediatric population. We report a case of an inflammatory adenoma with β‐catenin activated pathway in an obese, paediatric patient with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).Case Report: An 11‐year‐old female presented with a microlobulated liver lesion measuring >5 cm in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with inflammatory adenoma with β‐catenin activated pathology arising in a background of NASH, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score 5/8. Imaging follow‐up demonstrated stable disease without progression for 3 years.Discussion: Malignant transformation of Hepatocellular adenomas in a child is approximately 4.2%. It is unknown if hepatic steatosis increases this risk. Obese patients mainly develop inflammatory and β‐catenin activated (highest risk for malignant transformation) adenomas. Our patient had inflammatory and β‐catenin activation, which led to monitoring for malignant transformation.Conclusion: We report a β‐catenin activated inflammatory adenoma in a child with obesity and NASH with ongoing expectant management.
Deciphering the killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor system at super‐resolution for natural killer and T‐cell biology
Authors: Béziat Vivien , Hilton Hugo G. , Norman Paul J. , Traherne James A. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryKiller‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) are components of two fundamental biological systems essential for human health and survival. First, they contribute to host immune responses, both innate and adaptive, through their expression by natural killer cells and T cells. Second, KIR play a key role in regulating placentation, and hence reproductive success. Analogous to the diversity of their human leucocyte antigen class I ligands, KIR are extremely polymorphic. In this review, we describe recent developments, fuelled by methodological advances, that are helping to decipher the KIR system in terms of haplotypes, polymorphisms, expression patterns and their ligand interactions. These developments are delivering deeper insight into the relevance of KIR in immune system function, evolution and disease.
Management of extremely hard‐to‐heal extremity wounds with severe life‐threatening complications
Authors: Cai Aijia , Boos Anja M , Arkudas Andreas , Horch Raymund E 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe introduction of neoadjuvant radiotherapy has allowed limb‐preserving surgical treatment in patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma, and the overall prognosis of this approach is similar to that of limb amputation. The benefits of this treatment, however, are often accompanied with a higher risk of major complications and blood vessel damage because of radiation‐induced inflammation and necrosis of the vessel wall. In particular, it is associated with the rupture of large vessels like the femoral artery and more severe complications of wounds located in the proximal lower extremity. We present a series of four patients with soft tissue sarcoma of the thigh undergoing tumour removal and reconstruction of the defect after neoadjuvant radiotherapy. The post‐operative outcome depended on the total dose of radiation used as well as the closing technique of the resulting wound. Major wound complications occurred when the irradiated skin was closed directly over the resection cavity or when local skin flaps were used. In one case, severe radiation‐induced life‐threatening multiple bleeding events occurred, which led to multiple flap failures. Even if the skin cover is not a problem, we propose a combined interdisciplinary approach involving immediate plastic surgical transfer of healthy, well‐vascularised tissue into a defect resulting from oncological resection of sarcoma of the lower extremity following neoadjuvant radiotherapy in order to avoid secondary wound breakdown and severe bleeding complications.
Elective surgery to save my life: rethinking the “choice” in bariatric surgery
Authors: Trainer Sarah , Benjamin Tonya 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explicate the processes by which a patient's choice to undergo bariatric surgery is made to feel like a medical necessity, to explore the ways widespread societal stigmatization of weight and bariatric surgery shapes patient and provider discourse about surgery and to discuss patient rationalizations of the choice to have surgery.BackgroundSevere obesity is currently highly stigmatized. Bariatric surgery has become an increasingly used option for individuals seeking to lose drastic amounts of weight. The surgery itself, however, remains stigmatized across many diverse settings.DesignThis research design is centred on an ethnographic study of bariatric surgery patients who undergo surgery at a particular bariatric clinic in the American Southwest.MethodsData collection included repeated ethnographic interviews with 35 individuals enrolled in the bariatric programme over the past 5 years. The interviews were supplemented by extensive participant observation, starting in 2014 to date. Thematic analysis of fieldnotes and transcribed interviews followed.ResultsPeople who have bariatric surgery for weight‐loss may trade one type of stigma for another. Thus, individuals who qualify for bariatric surgery based on weight alone may be reluctant to explore the surgery as a viable option. This research also shows that younger women are more likely to face the effects of weight‐related stigma, which has an impact on their motivations for undergoing bariatric surgery.ConclusionStigma – both weight‐related and surgery‐related – needs to be addressed at a larger level, in terms of policy and in clinical bariatric programmes.