bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of intensive aphasia therapy in patients with chronic stroke: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Stahl Benjamin , Mohr Bettina , Büscher Verena , Dreyer Felix R , Lucchese Guglielmo , Pulvermüller Friedemann 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveRecent evidence has fuelled the debate on the role of massed practice in the rehabilitation of chronic post-stroke aphasia. Here, we further determined the optimal daily dosage and total duration of intensive speech-language therapy.MethodsIndividuals with chronic aphasia more than 1 year post-stroke received Intensive Language-Action Therapy in a randomised, parallel-group, blinded-assessment, controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two outpatient groups who engaged in either highly-intensive practice (Group I: 4 hours daily) or moderately-intensive practice (Group II: 2 hours daily). Both groups went through an initial waiting period and two successive training intervals. Each phase lasted 2 weeks. Co-primary endpoints were defined after each training interval.ResultsThirty patients—15 per group—completed the study. A primary outcome measure (Aachen Aphasia Test) revealed no gains in language performance after the waiting period, but indicated significant progress after each training interval (gradual 2-week t-score change [CI]: 1.7 [±0.4]; 0.6 [±0.5]), independent of the intensity level applied (4-week change in Group I: 2.4 [±1.2]; in Group II: 2.2 [±0.8]). A secondary outcome measure (Action Communication Test) confirmed these findings in the waiting period and in the first training interval. In the second training interval, however, only patients with moderately-intensive practice continued to make progress (Time-by-Group interaction: P=0.009, η2=0.13).ConclusionsOur results suggest no added value from more than 2 hours of daily speech-language therapy within 4 weeks. Instead, these results demonstrate that even a small 2-week increase in treatment duration contributes substantially to recovery from chronic post-stroke aphasia.
Mechanical properties of smooth muscle. II. Active state
Authors: Gordon A. R. , Siegman M. J. 
Published: December 2017

Page 1250: A. R. Gordon and M. J. Siegman. "Mechanical properties of smooth muscle. II. Active state." Page 1254, column 1, equation 5 should read: (See PDF) Page 1254, column 2, the equation in lines 1 and 2 should read: (See PDF)
CO2 equilibria in renal tissue
Authors: Malnic Gerhard 
Published: December 2017

Disequilibrium situations within the bicarbonate/CO2 buffer system have been observed in the kidney. On the one hand, a Pco2 difference between final urine and arterial blood has been detected. On the other, a disequilibrium pH was found in cortical renal tubules and attributed to either increased carbonic acid concentrations or to Pco2 levels above those of arterial blood. Recent methodological developments have yielded better insight into these disequilibrium situations. They include, besides the use of pH microelectrodes, the introduction of microcalorimetric total CO2 determinations and Pco2 microelectrodes. There is agreement concerning the finding of a Pco2 10–40 mmHg above that in arterial blood in renal cortical tubules; however, stellate vessel Pco2 equal to tubular Pco2 was found by only one group of investigators. According to their view, diffusion equilibrium exists between all cortical structures, a finding disputed by others using a similar methodology. CO2 permeability of tubular epithelium is also still controversial, with values ranging from one-half (microcalorimetric method) to one-twentieth (pH-equilibration method) of an equivalent water layer having been reported. Two positions emerge on the basis of recent experimental results: the existence of very high permeability to CO2 and consequent diffusion equilibrium in renal cortex, and the occurrence of CO2 diffusion limitation leading to the establishment of finite Pco2 gradients across renal tubular epithelium. disequilibrium pH; CO2 permeability; tubular Pco2; CO22 fluxes; carbonic anhydrase
Chloride concentration gradient in newborn dogs in the presence of distal nephron blockade
Authors: Haramati Aviad , Kleinman Leonard I. 
Published: December 2017

Renal tubular Na+, Cl-, and H2O reabsorption was determined in 14 newborn dogs, 3–29 days of age, and in three adult dogs. In all animals NaCl reabsorption beyond the proximal tubule was blocked with ethacrynic acid (2 mg/kg) and amiloride (2.4 mg/kg). During distal blockade, fractional reabsorption of NaCl and water in both newborns and adults was approximately 70%, and there was a urine-to-plasma chloride gradient equal to 1.34 ± 0.01, indicating that the proximal tubules of the newborn as well as those of the adult can generate a transtubular Cl- gradient. Upon administration of acetazolamide (50 mg/kg), there was a dramatic increase in excretion of Na+, Cl-, HCO3-, and water, and a decrease in the transtubular chloride gradient. After acetazolamide, the degree of inhibition of HCO3- reabsorption was well correlated with that of Na+ (r = 0.77) or Cl- (r = 0.74), and Na+ or Cl- inhibition exceeded that of HCO3- In the newborn animal, the ratio of inner-to-outer cortical nephron function is high at birth and declines rapidly during the first few weeks of life. However, there was no correlation between age and changes in either electrolyte excretion or in the transtubular chloride gradient. Therefore, the newborn dog possesses Cl- permselective tubules in the inner cortex that, in the presence of intact HCO3- reabsorption, are capable of establishing a functional transtubular Cl- gradient contributing to NaCl reabsorption. bicarbonate reabsorption; sodium reabsorption; ethacrynic acid; amiloride; acetazolamide; proximal tubule Submitted on October 29, 1979 Accepted on April 18, 1980
Juxtamedullary and superficial nephron phosphate reabsorption in the cat
Authors: Goldfarb Stanley 
Published: December 2017

The cat kidney possesses discrete venous drainage systems for superficial and deep (juxtamedullary) portions of the renal cortex. Arteriovenous (A-V) extraction and micropuncture studies may thus be used to evaluate PO4 transport in the two nephron populations. Determinations of A-V extraction showed whole kidney percentage of fractional PO4 excretion (%FEPOPO4) was 29.05 ± 2.01%, percentage of fractional delivery of PO4 (%FDPOPO4) from the superficial nephrons was 42.94 ± 2.42%, and that from deep nephrons was 22.35 ± 2.05%. The %FDPOPO4 from superficial nephrons was significantly greater than %FEPOPO4 in urine (P < 0.001) and than %FDPOPO4 from deep nephrons (P < 0.001). Micropuncture studies showed %FDPOPO4 from late distal tubules was 41.63 ± 3.61%, while %FEPOPO4 in urine was 30.24 ± 2.22%. Infusion of acetazolamide increased both %FEPOPO4 in urine and %FDPOPO4 from deep nephrons (A-V extraction studies), but had no effect on %FDPOPO4 from either superficial nephrons (A-V extraction) or from late distal tubules (micropuncture), thus abolishing the differences between superficial and deep compartments. Nephron heterogeneity apparently exists for superficial and juxtamedullary PO4 reabsorption in the cat. Acetazolamide increased %FEPOPO4 in urine primarily by reducing deep nephron PO4 reabsorption. nephron heterogeneity; micropuncture; acetazolamide Submitted on November 13, 1979 Accepted on April 10, 1980
Effect of dietary phosphate on transport properties of pig renal microvillus vesicles
Authors: Barrett Paula Q. , Gertner Joseph M. , Rasmussen Howard 
Published: December 2017

Dietary phosphate manipulation results in stable adaptive changes in the transport functions of microvillus membrane vesicles isolated from pig renal cortex. When assayed under sodium gradient conditions, phosphate uptake is enhanced 200–400% in vesicles prepared from animals maintained on a low-phosphate diet (0.22%) compared to high-phosphate diet controls (0.82%). When transport is assayed in sodium preequilibrated vesicles, a 100% enhancement of phosphate uptake is demonstrable. Stimulation of phosphate uptake into low-phosphate diet vesicles after the imposition of a sodium chloride gradient is equivalent if uptake is measured at pH 6.0 or 8.0 and can be kinetically characterized as resulting from a Vmax alteration in the phosphate transport system. Microvillus membrane vesicle phosphate transport is maximally stimulated after only 2 days of dietary deprivation. Although a longer period (1 and 2 wk) of phosphate restriction does not further stimulate phosphate transport, it does result in an inhibition of other sodium gradient-dependent transport systems (glucose, alanine). phosphate transport; phosphate restriction; glucose transport; brush-border vesicles Submitted on October 22, 1979 Accepted on April 25, 1980
Induction of amiloride-sensitive sodium transport in the rat colon by mineralocorticoids
Authors: Will Peter C. , Lebowitz Jonathan L. , Hopfer Ulrich 
Published: December 2017

Page F261: Peter C. Will, Jonathan L. Lebowitz, and Ulrich Hopfer. “Induction of amiloride-sensitive sodium transport in the rat colon by mineralocorticoids.” Page F267: the second equation in the appendix should read (See PDF)
Organic solutes in fluid absorption by renal proximal convolutes tubules
Authors: Burg M. , Patlak C. , Green N. , Villey D. 
Published: December 2017

Page 627: M. Burg, C. Patlak, N. Green, and D. Villey. “Organic solutes in fluid absorption by renal proximal convolutes tubules.” Page 628: the equation in the right column should read (See PDF)
Synaptic chemistry in single neurons: GABA is identified as an inhibitory neurotransmitter
Authors: Harris-Warrick Ronald 
Published: December 2017

This essay looks at the historical significance of two APS classic papers that are freely available online: Kravitz EA, Kuffler SW, and Potter DD. Gamma-aminobutyric acid and other blocking compounds in Crustacea. III. Their relative concentrations in separated motor and inhibitory axons. J Neurophysiol 26: 739–751, 1963 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/26/5/739 ). Otsuka M, Kravitz EA, and Potter DD. Physiological and chemical architecture of a lobster ganglion with particular reference to gamma-aminobutyrate and glutamate. J Neurophysiol 30: 725–752, 1967 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/30/4/725 ).
A criação de animações de mecanismos de reações orgânicas como método de ensino
Authors: Conceição Lucas Sobral Marques da , Mendonça Marcia Vivancos , Mendonça Marcia Vivancos , Farah João Pedro Simon , Farah João Pedro Simon 
Published: December 2017

Vizualização científica é uma técnica bem conhecida para ilustrar graficamente dados obtidos de trabalho cientíco. A criação de imagens maravilhosas e sua animação combinando ciência e artes visuais inspira atenção e curiosidade em assuntos de alta complexidade. Ao longo do tempo nós desenvolvemos um modelo para estudar mecanismos de reações químicas usando visualização científica para alunos de ensino médio. A demosnstração de um experimento em tempo real in vitro é seguida por uma discussão de como, quando e porquê átomos são rearranjados em novas moléculas dos produtos. Coloca-se assim as questões científicas e a motivação para responde-las emerge da criação de uma animação 3D baseada nas variações das superficies de densidade eletrônica dos components do Sistema indo de reagents aos produtos. As questões são apresentadas no contexto de um problema científico e não para obter uma resposta para um mecanismo expecífico. Elas emergem da fusão dos mecanismos bem estudados na literatura com os trabalhos computacionais e observações feitas nos experimentos. A animação resultante é pura magia e assuntos como cinética e termodinâmica de reações químicas são colocados para estudo de maneira gradual e simples. Um semester normal de atividades pode produzir resultados satisfatórios independentemente do conhecimento prévio destes assuntos. Adicionalmente o modelo promove o contato com alguns dos fundamentos de química quântica e com algumas técnicas básicas de modelagem molecular. Um dos objetivos alcançado pelo método é a consolidaçao de um paladar científico, uma intuição e um apreço grande pelo bom senso muito útil à vida científica. Também podemos enumerar como resultados: 1) a importância do contato com o fenômeno real, não importando sua complexidade; 2) o uso da visualização de conceitos abstratos, é sempre melhor que só a matemática; 3) não há contra-indicações.
Padrões de Fotolineamentos Aplicados à Análise Morfoestrutural da Bacia do Rio Mamanguape, Paraíba
Authors: Gonçalves Rhandysson Barbosa , Fonseca Drielly Naamma , Correa Antonio Carlos De Barros 
Published: December 2017

A bacia do rio Mamanguape encontra-se no contexto fisiográfico da margem passiva do Nordeste Brasileiro, cuja história de evolução geomorfológica está relacionada aos eventos que se seguiram à abertura do oceano Atlântico sul. Seus relevos são caracterizados pela alternância de altos e baixos topográficos, dispostos transversalmente à linha de costa, em concordância com os lineamentos geológicos herdados das antigas estruturas regionais subjacentes, e assim estabelecendo um padrão topográfico de grábens e horsts. Este estudo procura contribuir para a identificação das formas de relevo locais e sua evolução, que também resultou na deposição de sedimentos na área ao longo do neógeno, assim como auxiliar na compreensão de como esses depósitos sofreram reajustes superficiais em resposta às influências neotectônicas. Os fotolineamentos foram identificados com base na extração das estruturas lineares a partir do relevo sombreado de modelos digitais de elevação construídos a partir dos dados SRTM. Baseado nos resultados cartográficos, foi possível identificar que ao Norte da bacia as morfoestruturas se apresentam basculadas de forma concordante com as direções SW-NE e WSW-ENE, que representam os trends das principais zonas de cisalhamento e plutons da área. Tais direções também exercem controle sobre a rede de drenagem. Nos setores intermediários e baixos da bacia os lineamentos exibem direção E-W como resultado da sobreimposição do trend regional sobre o relevo, como também das fases de reativação que se seguiram ao rift continental. Esses pulsos de rejuvenescimento também controlam o caráter assimétrico da bacia assim como o basculamento do relevo em direção à linha de costa.
Intravenous Thrombolysis for Stroke and Presumed Stroke in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Adults
Authors: AbdelRazek Mahmoud A. , Gutierrez Jose , Mampre David , Cervantes-Arslanian Anna , Ormseth Cora , Haussen Diogo , Thakur Kiran T. , Lyons Jennifer L. , Smith Bryan R. , O’Connor Owen , Willey Joshua Z. , Mateen Farrah J. 
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose—
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been shown to increase both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke risks, but there are limited data on the safety and outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis with tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) for acute ischemic stroke in HIV-infected patients.

Methods—
A retrospective chart review of intravenous tPA-treated HIV patients who presented with acute stroke symptoms was performed in 7 large inner-city US academic centers (various search years between 2000 and 2017). We collected data on HIV, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, ischemic stroke risk factors, opportunistic infections, intravenous drug abuse, neuroimaging findings, and modified Rankin Scale score at last follow-up.

Results—

We identified 33 HIV-infected patients treated with intravenous tPA (mean age, 51 years; 24 men), 10 of whom were stroke mimics. Sixteen of 33 (48%) patients had an HIV viral load less than the limit of detection while 10 of 33 (30%) had a CD4 count <200/mm
3
. The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at presentation was 9, and mean time from symptom onset to tPA was 144 minutes (median, 159). The median modified Rankin Scale score for the 33-patient cohort was 1 and for the 23-patient actual stroke cohort was 2, measured at a median of 90 days poststroke symptom onset. Two patients had nonfatal hemorrhagic transformation (6%; 95% confidence interval, 1%–20%), both in the actual stroke group. Two patients had varicella zoster virus vasculitis of the central nervous system, 1 had meningovascular syphilis, and 7 other patients were actively using intravenous drugs (3 cocaine, 1 heroin, and 3 unspecified), none of whom had hemorrhagic transformation.

Conclusions—
Most HIV-infected patients treated with intravenous tPA for presumed and actual acute ischemic stroke had no complications, and we observed no fatalities. Stroke mimics were common, and thrombolysis seems safe in this group. We found no data to suggest an increased risk of intravenous tPA-related complications because of concomitant opportunistic infections or intravenous drug abuse.
Stelae, Elephants, and Irony: The Battle of Raphia and Its Import as Historical Context for 3 Maccabees
Authors: O’Kernick Patrick J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe opening verses of 3 Maccabees set the story in the aftermath of the Battle of Raphia (217bce); the significance of this historical setting has been overlooked. The Battle of Raphia is intimately related to the narrative at large in at least three ways. First, 3 Maccabees advocates for a counter-tradition to a stele tradition that arises out of Ptolemy’s victory at Raphia. Second, the story reworks the famous incident of Ptolemy’s elephant retreat at Raphia into a tale of praise for the God of the Jews. And finally, the book is invested with the irony already present in the historical realities of Ptolemy’s short-lived victory.
Banning Greek: A Rabbinic History
Authors: Tropper Amram 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA handful of rabbinic texts famously oppose things Greek but the force, object, scope, rationale, and alleged origins of the opposition vary from text to text. Although these texts often clash with one another, they also share kindred ideas and rare wording. Making sense of the sources’ similarities and differences poses the central challenge in tracing the history of the rabbinic opposition to Greek. If we harmonize sources, we risk minimizing their differences and if we isolate sources, we risk sidelining their similarities. In light of the drawbacks of the harmonizing and isolating approaches, I hope to decipher the relationship between the sources, acknowledging both similarities and differences, by viewing them developmentally. Once we recognize that rabbinic texts opposed to Greek belong to a shared literary trajectory, their similarities attest to a common literary tradition while their differences embody modifications and additions introduced over the course of time.
Electronic monitoring of adherence to inhaled corticosteroids: an essential tool in identifying severe asthma in children
Authors: Jochmann Anja , Artusio Luca , Jamalzadeh Angela , Nagakumar Prasad , Delgado-Eckert Edgar , Saglani Sejal , Bush Andrew , Frey Urs , Fleming Louise J. 
Published: December 2017

International guidelines recommend that severe asthma can only be diagnosed after contributory factors, including adherence, have been addressed. Accurate assessment of adherence is difficult in clinical practice. We hypothesised that electronic monitoring in children would identify nonadherence, thus delineating the small number with true severe asthma.Asthmatic children already prescribed inhaled corticosteroids were prospectively recruited and persistence of adherence assessed using electronic monitoring devices. Spirometry, airway inflammation and asthma control were measured at the start and end of the monitoring period.93 children (62 male; median age 12.4 years) were monitored for a median of 92 days. Median (range) monitored adherence was 74% (21–99%). We identified four groups: 1) good adherence during monitoring with improved control, 24% (likely previous poor adherence); 2) good adherence with poor control, 18% (severe therapy-resistant asthma); 3) poor adherence with good control, 26% (likely overtreated); and 4) poor adherence with poor control, 32%. No clinical parameter prior to monitoring distinguished these groups.Electronic monitoring is a useful tool for identifying children in whom a step up in treatment is indicated. Different approaches are needed in those who are controlled when adherent or who are nonadherent. Electronic monitoring is essential in a paediatric severe asthma clinic.
Exhaled breath to screen for malignant pleural mesothelioma: a validation study
Authors: Lamote Kevin , Vynck Matthijs , Thas Olivier , Van Cleemput Joris , Nackaerts Kristiaan , van Meerbeeck Jan P. 
Published: December 2017

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is predominantly caused by asbestos exposure and has a poor prognosis. Breath contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and can be explored as an early detection tool. Previously, we used multicapillary column/ion mobility spectrometry (MCC/IMS) to discriminate between patients with MPM and asymptomatic high-risk persons with a high rate of accuracy. Here, we aim to validate these findings in different control groups.Breath and background samples were obtained from 52 patients with MPM, 52 healthy controls without asbestos exposure (HC), 59 asymptomatic former asbestos workers (AEx), 41 patients with benign asbestos-related diseases (ARD), 70 patients with benign non-asbestos-related lung diseases (BLD) and 56 patients with lung cancer (LC).After background correction, logistic lasso regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the MPM group was discriminated from the HC, AEx, ARD, BLD and LC groups with 65%, 88%, 82%, 80% and 72% accuracy, respectively. Combining AEx and ARD patients resulted in 94% sensitivity and 96% negative predictive value (NPV). The most important VOCs selected were P1, P3, P7, P9, P21 and P26.We discriminated MPM patients from at-risk subjects with great accuracy. The high sensitivity and NPV allow breath analysis to be used as a screening tool for ruling out MPM.
Mediastinal staging by videomediastinoscopy in clinical N1 non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Decaluwé Herbert , Dooms Christophe , D'Journo Xavier Benoit , Call Sergi , Sanchez David , Haager Benedikt , Beelen Roel , Kara Volkan , Klikovits Thomas , Aigner Clemens , Tournoy Kurt , Zahin Mahmood , Moons Johnny , Brioude Geoffrey , Trujillo Juan Carlos , Klepetko Walter , Turna Akif , Passlick Bernward , Molins Laureano , Rami-Porta Ramon , Thomas Pascal , Leyn Paul De 
Published: December 2017

A quarter of patients with clinical N1 (cN1) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging have occult mediastinal nodal involvement (N2 disease). In a prospective study, endosonography alone had an unsatisfactory sensitivity (38%) in detecting N2 disease. The current prospective multicentre trial investigated the sensitivity of preoperative mediastinal staging by video-assisted mediastinoscopy (VAM) or VAM-lymphadenectomy (VAMLA).Consecutive patients with operable and resectable (suspected) NSCLC and cN1 after PET-CT imaging underwent VAM(LA). The primary study outcome was sensitivity to detect N2 disease. Secondary endpoints were the prevalence of N2 disease, negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of VAM(LA).Out of 105 patients with cN1 on imaging, 26% eventually developed N2 disease. Invasive mediastinal staging with VAM(LA) had a sensitivity of 73% to detect N2 disease. The NPV was 92% and accuracy 93%. Median number of assessed lymph node stations during VAM(LA) was 4 (IQR 3–5), and in 96%, at least three stations were assessed.VAM(LA) has a satisfactory sensitivity of 73% to detect mediastinal nodal disease in cN1 lung cancer, and could be the technique of choice for pre-resection mediastinal lymph node assessment in this patient group with a one in four chance of occult-positive mediastinal nodes after negative PET-CT.