bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Tools Supporting Knowledge Translation for Public Health Practice in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Stares Joanne , Sutherland Jenny 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesUnderlying the delivery of services by the universal Canadian health care system are a number of rich secondary administrative health data sets which contain information on persons who are registered for care and details on their contacts with the system. These datasets are powerful sources of information for investigation of non-notifiable diseases and as an adjunct to traditional communicable disease surveillance. However, there are gaps between public health practitioners, access to these data, and access to experts in the use of these secondary data. The data linkage requires in-depth knowledge of these data including usages, limitations and data quality issues and also the skills to extract data to support secondary usage. OLAP reports have been developed to support operation needs but not on advanced analytics reports for surveillance and cohort study. To fill these gaps, we developed a set of web-based modular, parameterized, extraction and reporting tools for the purpose of: 1) decreasing the time and resources necessary to fill general secondary data requests for public health audiences; 2) quickly providing information from descriptive analysis of secondary data to public health practitioners; 3) informing the development of data feeds for continued enhanced surveillance or further data access requests; 4) assisting in preliminary stages of epidemiological investigations of non-notifiable diseases; and, 5) facilitating access to information from secondary data for evidence-based decision making in public health.
ApproachWe intend to present these tools by case study of their application to small area analysis of secondary data in the context of air quality concerns. Data sources include individuals registered for health care coverage in BC, hospital separations, physician consultations, chronic disease registries, and drugs dispensation. Data sets contain complete information from 1992. Data were extracted and analyzed to describe the occurrence of health service utilization for cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity. Analysis was undertaken for BC residents in areas identified by local public health as priorities for monitoring. Health outcomes were directly standardized by age and compared to provincial trends by use of the comparative morbidity figure.
ResultsResults will include descriptive epidemiological analysis of secondary data relating to respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity in the context of air quality concerns, summary of next steps, as well as an assessment of tool performance.
ConclusionsWhere adopted tools such as these can make information from secondary data more accessible to support public health practice, particularly in regions with low analytical or epidemiological capacity.
Effects of fetal reduction in multi-fetal pregnancy on perinatal outcomes
Authors: Razaz Neda , Avitan Tehila , Pressey Tracy , Joseph K.S. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is currently insufficient evidence regarding the prognosis of multi-fetal pregnancies reduced to twins or singletons. We compared the perinatal outcomes of deliveries following fetal reduction with the perinatal outcomes of deliveries without fetal reduction.
MethodsWe carried out a retrospective cohort study of all births in British Columbia between 2009 and 2013, using information from a population-based database. Comparisons were made between all women who had a fetal reduction to a twin or a singleton pregnancy with those who did not undergo a fetal reduction procedure. The outcomes of interest were preterm delivery and composite severe neonatal morbidity or perinatal mortality. Generalized estimating equations adjusting for maternal age, parity, pre-pregnancy weight, use of in vitro fertilization and baby’s sex were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
ResultsAmong 207,273 deliveries, 139 (0.07%) had a fetal reduction. Of these, 89 women delivered twins and 50 delivered singletons. Women who had a fetal reduction were more likely to have conceived with in vitro fertilization (77.6%) compared with those who did not (3.31%). Twins delivered after fetal reduction had lower rates of neonatal morbidity/mortality (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.08-0.42) compared with unreduced triplets but rates similar to those of twins without a reduction procedure (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.81-2.58). Singletons delivered after fetal reduction had non-significantly lower rates of neonatal morbidity/mortality than unreduced twins (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.36-1.57) but significantly higher rates of neonatal morbidity/mortality (OR 3.98, 95% CI 1.91-8.30), preterm delivery and being small for gestational age than singleton pregnancies without a reduction procedure.
ConclusionPerinatal outcomes of twins delivered after fetal reduction are better than those of unreduced triplets and similar to those of unreduced twins.
Taking Liberties: The Influence of the Architectural and Ideological Space of the Hope Theatre on Jonson's Bartholomew Fair
Authors: Harrison Tom 
Published: April 2017

The performance of Bartholomew Fair at the Hope Theatre in 1614 was the play's first and only recorded public performance in Jonson's lifetime, and the playtext still bears the stamp of this theatrical debut. Using the spatial theories of Foucault, de Certeau, and Lefebvre, I suggest that Jonson takes advantage of the liminal spaces of his performance venue, the ideologically ambiguous space of the Liberty that contained it, as well as his play's fictive setting (the Fair itself), to pass comment on the more ideologically solid and austere environment of the City of London. I also argue that in some ways this first performance can be read as ‘proto-site-specific,’ inasmuch as the play relies on the particularities of its environment to achieve Jonson's aim—to exhort his audience into a more sophisticated ‘understanding’ of the play's action—an understanding that he hoped would, in turn, affect their reading of the real urban space outside the playhouse. The Jonsonian ‘third way’ between represented and representational spaces takes advantage of the heterogeneous environment of the playhouse and elides together the heterotopian environments of Fair and Liberty to invite a correspondingly unstable interpretive response from its audience. This experiential division is enforced in the space of the stage and auditorium, with Jonson's use of inductive techniques, staging, and direct address—which frequently privileges some groups of spectators, to the detriment of others—helping to enforce divisions within the audience. The interpretive openness of Jonson's spatial practice becomes in effect a microcosm for the vast number of spatial practices performed by the inhabitants of the real city beyond the Hope's walls. However, in his emphasis on ‘understanding’ spectators Jonson provides his audience with the cognitive tools to be the actors rather than the acted-upon in the dog-eat-dog environment of London's urban space, and it is within the triangulation between text, playhouse and suburban environment of the play's first performance that this effect is most pronounced.
Extreme Value Theory and the New Sunspot Number Series
Authors: Acero F. J. , Carrasco V. M. S. , Gallego M. C. , García J. A. , Vaquero J. M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Extreme value theory was employed to study solar activity using the new sunspot number index. The block maxima approach was used at yearly (1700–2015), monthly (1749–2016), and daily (1818–2016) scales, selecting the maximum sunspot number value for each solar cycle, and the peaks-over-threshold (POT) technique was used after a declustering process only for the daily data. Both techniques led to negative values for the shape parameters. This implies that the extreme sunspot number value distribution has an upper bound. The return level (RL) values obtained from the POT approach were greater than when using the block maxima technique. Regarding the POT approach, the 110 year (550 and 1100 year) RLs were lower (higher) than the daily maximum observed sunspot number value of 528. Furthermore, according to the block maxima approach, the 10-cycle RL lay within the block maxima daily sunspot number range, as expected, but it was striking that the 50- and 100-cycle RLs were also within that range. Thus, it would seem that the RL is reaching a plateau, and, although one must be cautious, it would be difficult to attain sunspot number values greater than 550. The extreme value trends from the four series (yearly, monthly, and daily maxima per solar cycle, and POT after declustering the daily data) were analyzed with the Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s method. Only the negative trend of the daily data with the POT technique was statistically significant.
Estimates of Active Region Area Coverage through Simultaneous Measurements of the He i λλ 5876 and 10830 Lines
Authors: Andretta Vincenzo , Giampapa Mark S. , Covino Elvira , Reiners Ansgar , Beeck Benjamin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Simultaneous, high-quality measurements of the neutral helium triplet features at 5876 Å and 10830 Å in a sample of solar-type stars are presented. The observations were made with ESO telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under program ID 088.D-0028(A) and MPG Utility Run for Fiber Extended-range Optical Spectrograph 088.A-9029(A). The equivalent widths of these features combined with chromospheric models are utilized to infer the fractional area coverage, or filling factor, of magnetic regions outside of spots. We find that the majority of the sample is characterized by filling factors less than unity. However, discrepancies occur among the coolest K-type and the warmest and most rapidly rotating F-type dwarf stars. We discuss these apparently anomalous results and find that in the case of K-type stars, they are an artifact of the application of chromospheric models best suited to the Sun than to stars with significantly lower T
eff. The case of the F-type rapid rotators can be explained by the measurement uncertainties of the equivalent widths, but they may also be due to a non-magnetic heating component in their atmospheres. With the exceptions noted above, preliminary results suggest that the average heating rates in the active regions are the same from one star to the other, differing in the spatially integrated, observed level of activity due to the area coverage. Hence, differences in activity in this sample are mainly due to the filling factor of active regions.
Extending the Calibration of C iv-based Single-epoch Black Hole Mass Estimators for Active Galactic Nuclei*
Authors: Park 박대 Daeseong 성 , Barth Aaron J. , Woo 우종 Jong-Hak 학 , Malkan Matthew A. , Treu Tommaso , Bennert Vardha N. , Assef Roberto J. , Pancoast Anna 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We provide an updated calibration of C iv

λ
1549

broad emission line–based single-epoch (SE) black hole (BH) mass estimators for active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using new data for six reverberation-mapped AGNs at redshift

z
=
0.005
–
0.028

with BH masses (bolometric luminosities) in the range

10

6.5

–

10

7.5

M

⊙

(

10

41.7

–

10

43.8

erg s−1). New rest-frame UV-to-optical spectra covering 1150–5700 Å for the six AGNs were obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Multicomponent spectral decompositions of the HST spectra were used to measure SE emission-line widths for the C iv, Mg ii, and Hβ lines, as well as continuum luminosities in the spectral region around each line. We combine the new data with similar measurements for a previous archival sample of 25 AGNs to derive the most consistent and accurate calibrations of the C iv-based SE BH mass estimators against the Hβ reverberation-based masses, using three different measures of broad-line width: full width at half maximum (FWHM), line dispersion (

σ

line

), and mean absolute deviation (MAD). The newly expanded sample at redshift

z
=
0.005
–
0.234

covers a dynamic range in BH mass (bolometric luminosity) of

log

M

BH

/

M

☉

=
6.5
–
9.1

(

log

L

bol

/

erg s−1

=

41.7
–
46.9

), and we derive the new C iv-based mass estimators using a Bayesian linear regression analysis over this range. We generally recommend the use of

σ

line

or MAD rather than FWHM to obtain a less biased velocity measurement of the C iv emission line, because its narrow-line component contribution is difficult to decompose from the broad-line profile.
Rotation of Late-type Stars in Praesepe with K2
Authors: Rebull L. M. , Stauffer J. R. , Hillenbrand L. A. , Cody A. M. , Bouvier J. , Soderblom D. R. , Pinsonneault M. , Hebb L. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We have Fourier-analyzed 941 K2 light curves (LCs) of likely members of Praesepe, measuring periods for 86% and increasing the number of rotation periods (P) by nearly a factor of four. The distribution of P versus

, a mass proxy, has three different regimes:

< 1.3, where the rotation rate rapidly slows as mass decreases; 1.3 <

< 4.5, where the rotation rate slows more gradually as mass decreases; and

> 4.5, where the rotation rate rapidly increases as mass decreases. In this last regime, there is a bimodal distribution of periods, with few between ∼2 and ∼10 days. We interpret this to mean that once M stars start to slow down, they do so rapidly. The K2 period–color distribution in Praesepe (∼790 Myr) is much different than that in the Pleiades (∼125 Myr) for late F, G, K, and early-M stars; the overall distribution moves to longer periods and is better described by two line segments. For mid-M stars, the relationship has a similarly broad scatter and is steeper in Praesepe. The diversity of LCs and of periodogram types is similar in the two clusters; about a quarter of the periodic stars in both clusters have multiple significant periods. Multi-periodic stars dominate among the higher masses, starting at a bluer color in Praesepe (

∼ 1.5) than in the Pleiades (

∼ 2.6). In Praesepe, there are relatively more LCs that have two widely separated periods,

. Some of these could be examples of M star binaries where one star has spun down but the other has not.
Alice Munro, voir l’invisible
Authors: Colin Claire 
Published: April 2017

Cet article s’intéresse au regard dans les nouvelles d’Alice Munro : la description minutieuse du quotidien semble indiquer chez la nouvelliste canadienne une volonté de retranscrire fidèlement le réel. Toutefois l’étude attentive du regard montre rapidement combien ce qui semble s’offrir le plus facilement à la vue est en réalité masqué, entravé, obscurci, se dérobant de cette façon à toute connaissance claire et définitive. Les nouvelles d’Alice Munro nous donnent ainsi paradoxalement l’intuition, parfois de façon accentuée, en jouant par exemple avec la notion d’épiphanie, que nous ne pourrons jamais voir entièrement ce qui nous semblait le plus évident.
IL-20 Signaling in Activated Human Neutrophils Inhibits Neutrophil Migration and Function
Authors: Gough Portia , Ganesan Sundar , Datta Sandip K. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Neutrophils possess multiple antimicrobial mechanisms that are critical for protection of the host against infection with extracellular microbes, such as the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Recruitment and activation of neutrophils at sites of infection are driven by cytokine and chemokine signals that directly target neutrophils via specific cell surface receptors. The IL-20 subfamily of cytokines has been reported to act at epithelial sites and contribute to psoriasis, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory effects during S. aureus infection. However, the ability of these cytokines to directly affect neutrophil function remains incompletely understood. In this article, we show that human neutrophils altered their expression of IL-20R chains upon migration and activation in vivo and in vitro. Such activation of neutrophils under conditions mimicking infection with S. aureus conferred responsiveness to IL-20 that manifested as modification of actin polymerization and inhibition of a broad range of actin-dependent functions, including phagocytosis, granule exocytosis, and migration. Consistent with the previously described homeostatic and anti-inflammatory properties of IL-20 on epithelial cells, the current study provides evidence that IL-20 directly targets and inhibits key inflammatory functions of neutrophils during infection with S. aureus.
The Climatology of Australian Aerosol
Authors: Mitchell Ross M. , Forgan Bruce W. , Campbell Susan K. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Airborne particles or aerosols have long been recognised for their major contribution to uncertainty in climate change. In addition, aerosol amounts must be known for accurate atmospheric correction of remotely sensed images, and are required to accurately gauge the available solar resource. However, despite great advances in surface networks and satellite retrievals over recent years, long-term continental-scale aerosol data sets are lacking. Here we present an aerosol assessment over Australia based on combined sun photometer measurements from the Bureau of Meteorology Radiation Network and CSIRO/AeroSpan. The measurements are continental in coverage, comprising 22 stations, and generally decadal in timescale, totalling 207 station-years. Monthly climatologies are given at all stations. Spectral decomposition shows that the time series can be represented as a weighted sum of sinusoids with periods of 12, 6 and 4 months, corresponding to the annual cycle and its second and third harmonics. Their relative amplitudes and phase relationships lead to sawtooth-like waveforms sharply rising to an austral spring peak, with a slower decline often including a secondary peak during the summer. The amplitude and phase of these periodic components show significant regional change across the continent. Fits based on this harmonic analysis are used to separate the periodic and episodic components of the aerosol time series. An exploratory classification of the aerosol types is undertaken based on (a) the relative periodic amplitudes of the Ångström exponent and aerosol optical depth, (b) the relative amplitudes of the 6- and 4-month harmonic components of the aerosol optical depth, and (c) the ratio of episodic to periodic variation in aerosol optical depth. It is shown that Australian aerosol can be broadly grouped into three classes: tropical, arid and temperate. Statistically significant decadal trends are found at 4 of the 22 stations. Despite the apparently small associated declining trends in mid-visible aerosol optical depth of between 0.001 and 0.002 per year, these trends are much larger than those projected to occur due to declining emissions of anthropogenic aerosols from the Northern Hemisphere. There is remarkable long-range coherence in the aerosol cycle across the continent, suggesting broadly similar source characteristics, including a possible role for intercontinental transport of biomass burning aerosol.
Two-dimensional prognostic experiments for fast-flowing ice streams from the Academy of Sciences Ice Cap
Authors: Konovalov Yuri V. , Nagornov Oleg V. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Prognostic experiments for fast-flowing ice streams on the southern side of the Academy of Sciences Ice Cap on Komsomolets Island, Severnaya Zemlya archipelago, were undertaken in this study. The experiments were based on inversions of basal friction coefficients using a two-dimensional flow-line thermocoupled model and Tikhonov's regularization method. The modeled ice temperature distributions in the cross sections were obtained using ice surface temperature histories that were inverted previously from borehole temperature profiles derived at the summit of the Academy of Sciences Ice Cap and the elevational gradient of ice surface temperature changes (about 6.5 °C km−1). Input data included interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) ice surface velocities, ice surface elevations, and ice thicknesses obtained from airborne measurements, while the surface mass balance was adopted from previous investigations for the implementation of both the forward and inverse problems. The prognostic experiments revealed that both ice mass and ice stream extent declined for the reference time-independent surface mass balance. Specifically, the grounding line retreated: (a) along the B–B′ flow line from  ∼  40 to  ∼  30 km (the distance from the summit), (b) along the C–C′ flow line from  ∼  43 to  ∼  37 km, and (c) along the D–D′ flow line from  ∼  41 to  ∼  32 km, when considering a time period of 500 years and assuming a time-independent surface mass balance. Ice flow velocities in the ice streams decreased with time and this trend resulted in the overall decline of the outgoing ice flux. Generally, the modeled glacial evolution was in agreement with observations of deglaciation of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago.
The Landlab v1.0 OverlandFlow component: a Python tool for computing shallow-water flow across watersheds
Authors: Adams Jordan M. , Gasparini Nicole M. , Hobley Daniel E. J. , Tucker Gregory E. , Hutton Eric W. H. , Nudurupati Sai S. , Istanbulluoglu Erkan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Representation of flowing water in landscape evolution models (LEMs) is often simplified compared to hydrodynamic models, as LEMs make assumptions reducing physical complexity in favor of computational efficiency. The Landlab modeling framework can be used to bridge the divide between complex runoff models and more traditional LEMs, creating a new type of framework not commonly used in the geomorphology or hydrology communities. Landlab is a Python-language library that includes tools and process components that can be used to create models of Earth-surface dynamics over a range of temporal and spatial scales. The Landlab OverlandFlow component is based on a simplified inertial approximation of the shallow water equations, following the solution of de Almeida et al.(2012). This explicit two-dimensional hydrodynamic algorithm simulates a flood wave across a model domain, where water discharge and flow depth are calculated at all locations within a structured (raster) grid. Here, we illustrate how the OverlandFlow component contained within Landlab can be applied as a simplified event-based runoff model and how to couple the runoff model with an incision model operating on decadal timescales. Examples of flow routing on both real and synthetic landscapes are shown. Hydrographs from a single storm at multiple locations in the Spring Creek watershed, Colorado, USA, are illustrated, along with a map of shear stress applied on the land surface by flowing water. The OverlandFlow component can also be coupled with the Landlab DetachmentLtdErosion component to illustrate how the non-steady flow routing regime impacts incision across a watershed. The hydrograph and incision results are compared to simulations driven by steady-state runoff. Results from the coupled runoff and incision model indicate that runoff dynamics can impact landscape relief and channel concavity, suggesting that, on landscape evolution timescales, the OverlandFlow model may lead to differences in simulated topography in comparison with traditional methods. The exploratory test cases described within demonstrate how the OverlandFlow component can be used in both hydrologic and geomorphic applications.