bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Paint Based on Residue of Expanded Polystyrene: Polymeric Plasticizer Evaluation
Authors: Schwade Paula Vieira , Schneider Gabriela Olsson , Santin Cristiane Krause , de Campos Rocha Tatiana Louise Avila 
Published: October 2016

SummaryExpanded polystyrene (EPS) is a polymer with an extensive applicability, however the destination of its residues is little explored. Due to its negative consequences against the environment, an effective application for this waste is required. An example of this segment is the use of expanded polystyrene residue as the polymeric base of paint, aiming areas such as civil construction and wood industry. This research intends to analyze the use of different kinds of polymeric plasticizers, considering the use of aromatic and natural solvents. The main objective is to analyze the influence of each material taking into account properties like elasticity and adhesion on wood substrate. The studied plasticizers were: thermoplastic copolymers ESBR, SIS, SBS, SEBS and the epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO). The obtained results showed that the copolymer SEBS presented the most satisfactory performance, being compatible with the expanded polystyrene, providing a homogeneous base resin, which will be used for the paint formulation, considering the addition of pigments and additives.
The Tianjin Mental Health Survey (TJMHS): study rationale, design and methods
Authors: Yin Huifang , Phillips Michael R. , Wardenaar Klaas J. , Xu Guangming , Ormel Johan , Tian Hongjun , Schoevers Robert A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMental health in China is of growing concern to both policy‐makers and researchers. The Tianjin Mental Health Survey (TJMHS) was conducted between July 2011 and March 2012 to assess the prevalence and risk factors of mental disorders in the context of recent economic growth and other socio‐demographic changes in Tianjin, a municipality of 13 million on China's eastern seaboard. A multistage cluster random sample selected using probability proportionate to size methods participated in a two‐phase screening procedure: 11,748 subjects 18 or older were screened for risk of psychopathology and then an enriched risk‐proportional subsample of 4,438 subjects was interviewed by psychiatrists using an expanded Chinese version of the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) Axis I disorders (SCID). The study also collected information about the impairment associated with mental disorders, mental health literacy, the stigmatization of mental disorders, and help‐seeking behavior for psychological problems. This paper provides a detailed overview of the study rationale, objectives, field procedures, and pattern of response. It highlights several of the methodological challenges of maintaining quality control of a complex epidemiological study in the Chinese setting, issues that are relevant to other community‐based epidemiological studies in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Changes in body mass index and waist circumference and concurrent mortality among Swedish women
Authors: Roswall Nina , Li Yingjun , Sandin Sven , Ström Peter , Adami Hans‐Olov , Weiderpass Elisabete 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveMost studies on obesity and mortality use a single anthropometric measure. Less is known about the effects of weight change on mortality. This study examined changes in body mass index (ΔBMI) and waist circumference (ΔWC) and subsequent all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality.MethodsThe study was conducted in the Women's Lifestyle and Health cohort, using self‐reported anthropometric measures from 1991 to 1992 and 2003. Hazard ratios of mortality and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. ΔBMI and ΔWC were examined in quartiles of absolute and relative change, with the second quartile (moderate gain) as the reference.ResultsThere was a higher risk of death in the first quartile of relative ΔBMI: HR 1.28 (1.04–1.56). Absolute ΔBMI suggested the same pattern, but the result was nonsignificant. ΔWC was not associated with mortality. In cause‐specific analyses, the association remained significant for cancer mortality only. In sensitivity analyses excluding the first 5 years of follow‐up, the association was, however, attenuated.ConclusionsThis study found a higher risk of death among women in the first quartile of relative ΔBMI compared with the second. It was driven by cancer mortality but may be ascribed to reverse causality. ΔWC was not associated with mortality.
Formation of activation‐free, selectively bioconjugatable poly(N‐acryloxysuccinimide‐co‐oligoethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) films by surface‐initiated ARGET ATRP
Authors: Lee Bong Soo , Kim Hyunsuk , Choi Insung S. , Cho Woo Kyung 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTActivation‐free copolymeric films possessing high selectivity to target proteins and low biofouling background are prepared via controlled radical polymerization. The copolymeric films are generated by surface‐initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ARGET ATRP) of N‐acryloxysuccinimide (NAS) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMEMA) by controlling the molar feed ratio of the two monomers. The formation of copolymeric films is characterized by ellipsometry, contact angle goniometry, FTIR spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The prepared copolymeric films are biotinylated without an activation step. Biotin–streptavidin association is employed as a model system to investigate both selective binding and the relevant signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio. When the molar feed ratio of NAS and OEGMEMA is 2:8, the copolymeric film is optimized to give the highest S/N ratio (339.8) according to surface plasmon resonance studies. The highly selective bioconjugation is used to generate micropatterns of rhodamine‐conjugated streptavidin on the copolymeric film. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 329–337
Synthesis and biological activity of pyridazine amides, hydrazones and hydrazides
Authors: Buysse Ann M , Yap Maurice CH , Hunter Ricky , Babcock Jonathan , Huang Xinpei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDOptimization studies on compounds initially designed to be herbicides led to the discovery of a series of [6‐(3‐pyridyl)pyridazin‐3‐yl]amides exhibiting aphicidal properties. Systematic modifications of the amide moiety as well as the pyridine and pyridazine rings were carried out to determine if these changes could improve insecticidal potency.RESULTSStructure–activity relationship (SAR) studies showed that changes to the pyridine and pyridazine rings generally resulted in a significant loss of insecticidal potency against green peach aphids [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] and cotton aphids [(Aphis gossypii (Glover)]. However, replacement of the amide moiety with hydrazines, hydrazones, or hydrazides appeared to be tolerated, with small aliphatic substituents being especially potent.CONCLUSIONSA series of aphicidal [6‐(3‐pyridyl)pyridazin‐3‐yl]amides were discovered as a result of random screening of compounds that were intially investigated as herbicides. Follow‐up studies of the structure‐activity relationship of these [6‐(3‐pyridyl)pyridazin‐3‐yl]amides showed that biosteric replacement of the amide moiety was widely tolerated suggesting that further opportunities for exploitation may exist for this new area of insecticidal chemistry. Insecticidal efficacy from the original hit, compound 1, to the efficacy of compound 14 produced greater than 10‐fold potency improvement against Aphis gossypii and greater than 14‐fold potency improvement against Myzus persicae. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Host cancelation‐based spread spectrum watermarking for audio anti‐piracy over Internet
Authors: Li Rangkun , Xu Shuzheng , Rong Bo , Yang Huazhong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper addresses the audio piracy problem over Internet by tweaking data redundancy of host media signal for optimized embedding and extraction of spread spectrum watermarking. In particular, we take into account a special feature that host audio signals have the short‐time stationary property and their major power can be removed using linear prediction filter. By combining the redundancy removing and the improved spread spectrum modulation, host interference is canceled with minimized embedding distortion to the host audio. The data redundancy removing is also applied at the receiver to achieve matched filtering and improved performance. Experiments based on real audio signals show that our proposed scheme performs robustly against various kinds of channel attacks while maintaining high extraction performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FROMREQUÊTETO PETITION: PETITIONING THE MONARCH BETWEEN EMPIRES
Authors: MULLER HANNAH WEISS 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article uncovers a transimperial culture of petitioning that eased the transition for subjects who moved between the French and British empires. Although the petition was hailed as the birthright of Britons, and has consistently drawn attention from historians of Britain and its empire, this did not mean that petitioning was unknown elsewhere. Indeed, Quebec, which was transferred from France to Britain at the close of the Seven Years’ War (1756–63) and experienced lengthy periods of both French and British rule, provides an ideal site through which to document written traditions of expressing grievance. This article reveals not only that French subjects were familiar with addressing the monarch well before the British conquest, but also suggests an important continuity of form that transcended differences of language, shifting regimes, and imperial rivalries. The analysis of petitions from Quebec both before and after 1759 testifies to an identifiable commensurability in the lived experiences of inhabitants across the French and British empires, just as it underscores the petition's similar function in the overseas colonies more broadly. The petition's value to both subjects and sovereigns – its role in mediating relations between them across the globe – helps to explain its continued relevance in these two monarchical empires.
Dalit cosmopolitans: Institutionally developmental global citizenship in struggles against caste discrimination
Authors: Cabrera Luis 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBesides stating that global or cosmopolitan citizenship is an incoherent concept in the absence of a global state, some critics assert that it represents a form of Western-centric moral neoimperialism. This article develops some responses to such objections through examining the efforts of Indian activists who have undertaken intensive international engagement in their struggles against caste discrimination. The National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights has sought to close domestic rights-implementation gaps for Dalits (formerly called untouchables) in part through vertical outreach to United Nations human rights bodies. This mode of outreach is shown to represent an important practice of global citizenship, and to challenge a view of South agent as primarily passive recipients of moral goods within a global citizenship frame. Further, the Dalit activists’ global citizenship practice is shown to be significantly ‘institutionally developmental’, in that it highlights implementation gaps in the global human rights regime and can contribute to pressures for suprastate institutional transformation and development to address them. NCDHR actions are, for example, highly salient to the recently renewed dialogue on creating a World Court of Human Rights.
Towards a Principled Justification for the Mixed Composition of Hybrid International Criminal Tribunals
Authors: HOBBS HARRY 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe justification for a majority of international judges sitting on hybrid international criminal tribunals is tremendously undertheorized. At present, policymakers must rely on base pragmatic considerations that allege that local judges are either too incapable or too corrupt. This may or may not be true. It is, however, certainly unattractive and inadequate as an argument. In this article, I sketch out a principled theoretical argument defending internationalization of hybrid tribunals. Drawing on debates in municipal jurisdictions on the principle of fair reflection, my principled justification centres on institutional and sociological legitimacy. As international crimes strike at two societies – the local and the global – hybrid tribunals should be composed of both international and local judges. In principle, the severity of international crimes dictates that international judges should predominate. However, peculiar contextual factors may suggest moderating the principle of fair reflection in appropriate circumstances.
Community review of Southern Ocean satellite data needs
Authors: Pope A. , Wagner P. , Johnson R. , Shutler J.D. , Baeseman J. , Newman L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis review represents the Southern Ocean community’s satellite data needs for the coming decade. Developed through widespread engagement and incorporating perspectives from a range of stakeholders (both research and operational), it is designed as an important community-driven strategy paper that provides the rationale and information required for future planning and investment. The Southern Ocean is vast but globally connected, and the communities that require satellite-derived data in the region are diverse. This review includes many observable variables, including sea ice properties, sea surface temperature, sea surface height, atmospheric parameters, marine biology (both micro and macro) and related activities, terrestrial cryospheric connections, sea surface salinity, and a discussion of coincident andin situdata collection. Recommendations include commitment to data continuity, increases in particular capabilities (sensor types, spatial, temporal), improvements in dissemination of data/products/uncertainties, and innovation in calibration/validation capabilities. Full recommendations are detailed by variable as well as summarized. This review provides a starting point for scientists to understand more about Southern Ocean processes and their global roles, for funders to understand the desires of the community, for commercial operators to safely conduct their activities in the Southern Ocean, and for space agencies to gain greater impact from Southern Ocean-related acquisitions and missions.
Prevalence of anxiety disorders in community dwelling older adults in Hong Kong
Authors: Fung Ada Wai Tung , Chan Wai-Chi , Wong Corine Sau-Man , Chen Eric Yu-Hai , Ng Roger Man-Kin , Lee Edwin Ho-Ming , Chang Wing-Chung , Hung Se-Fong , Cheung Eric Fuk-Chi , Sham Pak-Chung , Chiu Helen Fung-Kum , Lam Ming , Chiang Tin-Po , van Os Jim , Lau Joseph Tak-Fai , Lewis Glyn , Bebbington Paul , Lam Linda Chiu Wa ,   The Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey Team
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Anxiety disorders are prevalent yet under-recognized in late life. We examined the prevalence of anxiety disorders in a representative sample of community dwelling older adults in Hong Kong.Method:Data on 1,158 non-demented respondents aged 60–75 years were extracted from the Hong Kong Mental Morbidity survey (HKMMS). Anxiety was assessed with the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R).Result:One hundred and thirty-seven respondents (11.9%, 95% CI = 10–13.7%) had common mental disorders with a CIS-R score of 12 or above. 8% (95% CI = 6.5–9.6%) had anxiety, 2.2% (95% CI = 1.3–3%) had an anxiety disorder comorbid with depressive disorder, and 1.7% (95% CI = 1–2.5%) had depression. Anxious individuals were more likely to be females (χ2 = 25.3, p < 0.001), had higher chronic physical burden (t = −9.3, p < 0.001), lower SF-12 physical functioning score (t = 9.2, p < 0.001), and poorer delayed recall (t = 2.3, p = 0.022). The risk of anxiety was higher for females (OR 2.8, 95% C.I. 1.7–4.6, p < 0.001) and those with physical illnesses (OR 1.4, 95% C.I. 1.3–1.6, p < 0.001). The risk of anxiety disorders increased in those with disorders of cardiovascular (OR 1.9, 95% C.I. 1.2–2.9, p = 0.003), musculoskeletal (OR 2.0, 95% C.I. 1.5–2.7, p < 0.001), and genitourinary system (OR 2.0, 95% C.I. 1.3–3.2, p = 0.002).Conclusions:The prevalence of anxiety disorders in Hong Kong older population was 8%. Female gender and those with poor physical health were at a greater risk of developing anxiety disorders. Our findings also suggested potential risk for early sign of memory impairment in cognitively healthy individuals with anxiety disorders.
Forest and trees: Shade management, forest proximity and pollinator communities in southern Costa Rica coffee agriculture
Authors: Caudill S. Amanda , Brokaw Julia N. , Doublet Dejeanne , Rice Robert A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSustained pollinator services within coffee farms depend substantially on a diverse bee community. While studies have been conducted to understand the impacts of forest proximity and farm level management on pollinators, few have examined the interaction between these two spatial scales. We surveyed pollinator communities within 18 sites on a large organic farm surrounded by native forest in southern Costa Rica. We selected sites 0, 50 and 150 m from the forest edge within shaded and sparsely-shaded (sun) portions of the farm to quantify the influence of both shade management and distance to contiguous forest on pollinator communities. Contrary to similar studies, native bees dominated the composition of pollinators on this farm. Overall, pollinator diversity and activity did not differ significantly neither between the shade management types nor among the sites 0, 50 or 150 m from the forest edge. However, pollinator diversity was found to be significantly higher at sun sites near forest (0 m) compared with further away, whereas the diversity was the same for the shade sites regardless of forest proximity. We found that greater numbers of coffee flowers within each site increased bee abundance and flower visitation frequency. Bee abundance was greater in sites with less ground cover and bee diversity and visitation frequencies were higher in sites with greater amounts of shade canopy cover and trees in flower. Based on our results, we suggest including flowering shade trees that provide high levels of canopy cover, maintaining or re-establishing forested areas within or surrounding farms, and eliminating or reducing agrochemical use to increase native pollinator activity and diversity within coffee farms.
Zeitliche Entwicklungen im Substanzkonsum in der deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung
Authors: Kraus Ludwig , Piontek Daniela , Atzendorf Josefine , Matos Elena Gomes de 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung. Ziel: Ziel der Studie ist die Analyse von Trends des (klinisch relevanten) Konsums von Tabak, Alkohol, Cannabis und anderen illegalen Drogen sowie der Einnahme von Medikamenten zwischen 1995 und 2015. Methodik: Datengrundlage bilden acht Erhebungswellen des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurveys (ESA) aus den Jahren 1995 bis 2015. Die Befragungen erfolgten schriftlich, telefonisch oder online. Eine einheitliche Darstellung zeitlicher Trends ist für den Altersbereich 18 bis 59 Jahre möglich. Ergebnisse: Der Tabakkonsum hat in den letzten 20 Jahren abgenommen. Trenddaten des Alkoholkonsums zeigen sinkende Konsumwerte für Männer und stabile Werte für Frauen. Die Prävalenz des Rauschtrinkens ist bei Frauen seit dem Jahr 2009 angestiegen. Der Cannabiskonsum hat zwischen 2012 und 2015 bei beiden Geschlechtern zugenommen. Der wöchentliche Gebrauch von Schmerzmitteln ist angestiegen, während bei Schlaf-/Beruhigungsmitteln ein Rückgang zu verzeichnen ist. Indikatoren eines klinisch relevanten Konsums zeigen für Cannabis keine Änderungen, für Tabak einen Rückgang und für Medikamente einen Anstieg. Hinweise auf klinisch relevanten Alkoholkonsum sind bei Männern konstant geblieben und bei Frauen angestiegen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die weite Verbreitung insbesondere der legalen Substanzen legt einen dringenden Handlungsbedarf für Prävention und Intervention nahe. Als besondere Zielgruppe wurden Frauen identifiziert, bei denen der klinisch relevante Konsum von Alkohol und Medikamenten zugenommen hat.
Persönlichkeitsstörungen – unterdiagostiziert bei Patienten des Maßregelvollzugs gemäß § 64 StGB?1
Authors: Schalast Norbert , Frey Melanie , Boateng Shari , Demmerling Rita , Haar Michael von der 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung. Ziel: Prüfung der Validität von Persönlichkeitsstörungsdiagnosen (PS-Diagnosen) bei Patienten der forensischen Entziehungsanstalten. Methodik: Drei Datenquellen werden herangezogen. (1) Die Entwicklung der Vergabe von Diagnosen und weitere Behandlungsparameter über einen Zeitraum von 20 Jahren werden anhand der jährlichen § 64-Stichtagserhebung beschrieben. (2) Diagnostische Einschätzungen durch Behandler und externe Untersucherinnen werden für eine Stichprobe von 109 alkoholabhängigen Patienten gegenübergestellt. (3) Auf der Basis von Daten einer laufenden Evaluationsstudie (n = 315) wird die Aussagekraft der Klinikdiagnosen mit einer dimensionalen Einschätzung der Patienten verglichen. Ergebnisse: (1) Ein enormer Rückgang der PS-Diagnosen in der Praxis korrespondiert nicht mit anderen Parametern wie dem Anteil negativer Behandlungsverläufe. (2) Die Übereinstimmung von Behandlern und externen Untersucherinnen hinsichtlich PS-Diagnosen ist kaum besser als nach Zufall zu erwarten. (3) Die PS-Diagnosen der Behandler haben praktisch kein prognostisches Gewicht. Dagegen leistet die kurze dimensionale Einschätzung einen signifikanten Beitrag zur Vorhersage des Outcomes (insbesondere: Entlassung in die Freiheit nach günstigem Verlauf vs. „Erledigung“ der Unterbringung mangels Erfolgsaussicht). Schlussfolgerung: Die Aussagekraft der in der Praxis gestellten kategorialen PS-Diagnosen ist gering. Der Rückgang von PS-Diagnosen scheint vor allem Folge einer Stabilisierung des Vollzugs selbst zu sein. Wohlverhalten und Stabilität im Stationsalltag sollten jedoch nicht den primären Maßstab für diagnostische Einschätzungen bilden.
Entanglement and manipulation of the magnetic and spin–orbit order in multiferroic Rashba semiconductors
Authors: Krempaský J. , Muff S. , Bisti F. , Fanciulli M. , Volfová H. , Weber A. P. , Pilet N. , Warnicke P. , Ebert H. , Braun J. , Bertran F. , Volobuev V. V. , Minár J. , Springholz G. , Dil J. H. , Strocov V. N. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEntanglement of the spin–orbit and magnetic order in multiferroic materials bears a strong potential for engineering novel electronic and spintronic devices. Here, we explore the electron and spin structure of ferroelectric α-GeTe thin films doped with ferromagnetic Mn impurities to achieve its multiferroic functionality. We use bulk-sensitive soft-X-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SX-ARPES) to follow hybridization of the GeTe valence band with the Mn dopants. We observe a gradual opening of the Zeeman gap in the bulk Rashba bands around the Dirac point with increase of the Mn concentration, indicative of the ferromagnetic order, at persistent Rashba splitting. Furthermore, subtle details regarding the spin–orbit and magnetic order entanglement are deduced from spin-resolved ARPES measurements. We identify antiparallel orientation of the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic polarization, and altering of the Rashba-type spin helicity by magnetic switching. Our experimental results are supported by first-principles calculations of the electron and spin structure.