bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast and specific detection of the invasive forest pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare through a Loop‐mediated isothermal AMPlification (LAMP) assay
Authors: Sillo F. , Giordano L. , Gonthier P. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryHeterobasidion irregulare is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens of pines in North America and was accidentally introduced into central Italy, where it has become invasive. The fungus is currently recommended for regulation by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO). In this work, an efficient diagnostic tool for the early detection of H. irregulare based on Loop‐mediated isothermal AMPlification (LAMP) coupled with two different DNA extraction methods was developed. The LAMP assay showed high specificity and good sensitivity, with a limit of detection of about 20 picograms of target DNA and time of detection of less than 40 min. The assay was successfully tested on a variety of different samples, including fungal fruiting bodies, infected plants and colonized wood. A survey on environmental samples collected in the field was also performed using the LAMP assay coupled with a rapid DNA extraction method. The possible applications of this molecular diagnostic tool encompass the monitoring of pine forests surrounding the current invasion area, laboratory or in‐field analyses of samples from suspected trees, and the surveillance in the ports of entry of wood imported from North America.
Actor–Partner Associations of Mindfulness and Marital Quality After Military Deployment
Authors: Zamir Osnat , Gewirtz Abigail H. , Zhang Na 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo explore dyadic associations between mindfulness and marital quality and gender differences in these associations—that is, the relation of each dyad member's mindfulness with his or her own marital quality and with his or her partner's marital quality.BackgroundRecent studies have demonstrated the benefits of mindfulness for marital quality. However, associations of mindfulness and marital quality within and between partners are still unclear. In addition, despite marital challenges associated with deployment to war, the benefits of mindfulness for marital quality in military couples is unknown.MethodA sample of 228 military couples after deployment of the male partner to recent conflicts in Iraq or Afghanistan completed an online survey measuring mindfulness and marital quality.ResultsActor–partner interdependence analysis showed that for both men and women, greater mindfulness was associated with one's own and one's partner's higher marital quality. There were no gender differences in this pattern.ConclusionMindfulness engenders intra‐ and interpersonal benefits for the marital system in men and in women after deployment to war.ImplicationsThe results emphasize the importance of a dyadic approach when examining the role of mindfulness in marital or family relations, and suggest that interventions designed to facilitate change in marital relationships in the context of deployment may benefit from integrating mindfulness‐based training.
How Does Couple and Relationship Education Affect Relationship Hope? An Intervention‐Process Study with Lower Income Couples
Authors: Hawkins Alan J. , Allen Sage E. , Yang Chongming 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo explore whether changes in positive interaction skills as a result of participation in couple and relationship education (CRE) are associated with changes in relationship hope.BackgroundRecent CRE work has focused more on its effectiveness for disadvantaged couples, with the early evidence mixed. Increasing the effectiveness of CRE for disadvantaged couples will require more evidence of how it works, not just whether it works.MethodIn this study, 182 lower income couples participated in a 30‐hour psychoeducational intervention, Family Expectations (FE), in Oklahoma City. Participants completed measures of positive interaction skills and relationship hope, a seldom‐studied construct in CRE research, before and shortly after the program.ResultsAt pretest, there was significant variation in relationship hope among FE participants. Latent growth curve models revealed changes in positive interaction skills were associated with higher levels of partners' relationship hope at the end of the program, although the effect of men's skills changes on their partners' hope was 3 to 4 times stronger than for women's skills changes on their partners' hope. Additional latent growth curve models found that nearly 70% of participants reported positive changes in skills and that participants entering the program with the lowest levels of hope experienced the greatest changes in positive interaction skills.ConclusionWe conclude that relationship hope is a legitimate target outcome in CRE and is influenced by improvement in positive interaction skills, consistent with social learning theory. Also, those entering CRE with low levels of hope improve interaction skills most, and men's growth produces larger gains for the couple relationship than women's growth.ImplicationsDistressed individuals and couples should be particularly encouraged to attend CRE programs, and program developers should make sure that their curricula and pedagogic processes are well aligned with men's interests and learning styles.
Extremely low genetic diversity across mangrove taxa reflects past sea level changes and hints at poor future responses
Authors: Guo Zixiao , Li Xinnian , He Ziwen , Yang Yuchen , Wang Wenqing , Zhong Cairong , Greenberg Anthony J. , Wu Chung‐I , Duke Norman C. , Shi Suhua 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe projected increases in sea levels are expected to affect coastal ecosystems. Tropical communities, anchored by mangrove trees and having experienced frequent past sea level changes, appear to be vibrant at present. However, any optimism about the resilience of these ecosystems is premature because the impact of past climate events may not be reflected in the current abundance. To assess the impact of historical sea level changes, we conducted an extensive genetic diversity survey on the Indo‐Malayan coast, a hotspot with a large global mangrove distribution. A survey of 26 populations in six species reveals extremely low genome‐wide nucleotide diversity and hence very small effective population sizes (Ne) in all populations. Whole‐genome sequencing of three mangrove species further shows the decline in Ne to be strongly associated with the speed of past changes in sea level. We also used a recent series of flooding events in Yalong Bay, southern China, to test the robustness of mangroves to sea level changes in relation to their genetic diversity. The events resulted in the death of half of the mangrove trees in this area. Significantly, less genetically diverse mangrove species suffered much greater destruction. The dieback was accompanied by a drastic reduction in local invertebrate biodiversity. We thus predict that tropical coastal communities will be seriously endangered as the global sea level rises. Well‐planned coastal development near mangrove forests will be essential to avert this crisis.
Don't call me ibu: challenges of belonging for childless transnational Indonesian women
Authors: WINARNITA MONIKA SWASTI 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNew forms of transnational families are being created by the feminization of migration, particularly of mobile Southeast Asian female workers who take on the financial responsibility of supporting their nieces and nephews who remain in the home country. This understudied kin relationship provides important insights into the complexities of transnational belonging among childless women. Fieldwork conducted in 2015 with Indonesian professional migrant women in Melbourne, Australia, reveals a translocalized Javanese cultural practice of fostering nieces and nephews. Using a framework that extends the anthropology of belonging into a gendered transnational context, in this article I argue that children who are absent, whether living in another country or never born, are yet present in women's narratives and are key to a larger migrant project of recreating oneself as an ambiguously valued subject.
Transnationalism and intra‐European mobility among Europe's second generation: review and research agenda
Authors: BARWICK CHRISTINE 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMost studies on second‐generation transnationalism focus on transnational practices that connect the country of residence to the ancestral home. The second generation, however, is likely to develop other forms of mobility and different destination countries. Particularly in Europe, where citizens have a right to free movement, connecting research on migrant transnationalism to that on intra‐European mobility and the emergence of collective identities allows us more fully to capture second‐generation transnationalism and alternative forms of mobility, including their determinants and consequences. By way of a literature review and a research agenda, I point out the merits of connecting the two research traditions by focusing on the link between transnational ways of being and belonging, national and local contexts that act as push and pull factors for transnationalism and mobilities, and the potential for methodological innovation.
Population size and genetic variability of a relict population of an endangered butterfly, Parnassius apollo filabricus
Authors: Martínez Juan Gabriel , Mira Óscar , Sánchez‐Prieto Cristina Belén , Barea‐Azcón José Miguel , Tinaut Alberto 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Parnassius apollo filabricus is a subspecies of apollo (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) restricted to the Sierra de Baza‐Filabres range in southeastern Spain that has become increasingly rare in the last decades, disappearing from most of its known locations.

In this article, we calculate both census and effective population size of a local population discovered in 2009 that occupies c. 30 ha.

After 2 years of capture–mark–recapture work we estimate a population size of about 100 individuals.

Genetic variation was characterised using 9 microsatellite markers and 29 individuals. Effective population size was estimated from 13 microsatellites. The studied population is strongly differentiated from the nearby Sierra Nevada apollo populations, and its expected heterozygosity and allelic richness were higher than the average value for Sierra Nevada.

Genetic diversity of the population is not as low as expected by its small size, which points out to a recent population decline. We discuss the implications of these results for the conservation of the species.
Molecular mechanism of obesity‐induced ‘metabolic’ tissue remodeling
Authors: Tanaka Miyako , Itoh Michiko , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Suganami Takayoshi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChronic inflammation is a common molecular basis underlying a variety of chronic diseases. Accumulating evidence has also suggested that chronic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes, which have been considered as metabolic diseases. For the past several decades, there has been dramatic progress in understanding the underlying mechanism of adipose tissue dysfunction induced by obesity. Tissue remodeling is one of the histological features of chronic inflammation, in which stromal cells dramatically change in number and cell type. Indeed, adipose tissue remodeling is induced by various stromal cells, and results in the impairment of adipose tissue function, such as adipocytokine production and lipid storage, which leads to systemic metabolic disorder. In addition to adipose tissue, the liver is another example of obesity‐induced tissue remodeling. In the present review, we discuss how obesity induces interstitial fibrosis in adipose tissue and the liver, particularly focusing on the role of macrophages.
Nicotiana attenuata's capacity to interact with arbuscular mycorrhiza alters its competitive ability and elicits major changes in the leaf transcriptome
Authors: Wang Ming , Wilde Julia , Baldwin Ian T. , Groten Karin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo study the local and systemic effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization, Nicotiana attenuata plants impaired in their interactions with AMF due to silencing of a calcium‐ and calmodulin dependent protein kinase (inverted repreat (ir)CCaMK) were grown competitively in pairs with empty vector (EV) plants, with and without two different types of inoculum. When inoculated, EV plants strongly outperformed irCCaMK plants. Foliar transcript profiling revealed that AMF colonization significantly changed gene expression of P‐starvation and ‐transporter genes in irCCaMK plants. The Pht1 family phosphate transporter NaPT5 was not only specifically induced in roots after AMF colonization, but also in leaves of AMF‐colonized irCCaMK plants, and in plants grown under low Pi conditions in the absence of AMF. The P‐starvation signature of inoculated irCCaMK plants corresponded with increases in selected amino acids and phenolic compounds in leaves. We also found a strong AMF‐induced increase in amino acids and phenolic metabolites in roots. Plants impaired in their interactions with AMF clearly have a fitness disadvantage when competing for limited soil nutrients with a fully functional isogenic line. The additional role of the AMF‐induced Pht1 family transporter NaPT5 in leaves under P‐starvation conditions will require further experiments to fully resolve.
Effects of rosuvastatin on inducible nitric oxide synthase in rats with hyperlipidaemia and periodontitis
Authors: Kırzıoğlu F. Y. , Özmen Ö. , Doğan B. , Bulut M. T. , Fentoğlu Ö. , Özdem M. 
Published: October 2017

Background and ObjectiveNitric oxide is a free radical that is synthesized from l‐arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The level of inducible NOS (iNOS) in gingiva with periodontitis is higher than that in healthy gingiva. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rosuvastatin administration on alveolar bone loss (ABL) and iNOS(+) cell counts in gingival tissues in rats with ligature‐induced experimental periodontitis with/without hyperlipidaemia.Material and MethodsThe rats were randomly divided into seven groups: Hy (cholesterol‐added diet/water administration); HyP (cholesterol‐added diet/periodontitis/water administration); HyPR (cholesterol‐added diet/periodontitis/rosuvastatin administration); P (standard diet/periodontitis/water administration); PR (standard diet/periodontitis/rosuvastatin administration); C (standard diet/water administration); and R (standard diet/rosuvastatin administration). Experimental periodontitis was induced with silk ligatures, and rosuvastatin/water was administered to rats by oral gavage for the last 2 weeks of the 8‐week study. After the rats were killed in week 8, histomorphometric and histological analyses were performed. Immunostained iNOS(+) cells were counted in the gingival samples and the Mann‐Whitney U‐test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe experimental groups exhibited increases in total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein, except for Groups C and R. The cholesterol‐added diet induced ABL in Group Hy. Of the periodontitis groups, the lowest ABL was found in Group PR. While there was a significant difference in ABL between Groups P (0.82 ± 0.15 mm) and PR (0.70 ± 0.21 mm) receiving a standard diet (P < .05), no difference was observed between Groups HyP (0.77 ± 0.07 mm) and HyPR (0.76 ± 0.11 mm) receiving a cholesterol‐added diet (P ˃ .05). Rosuvastatin significantly reduced expression of iNOS in Groups PR (18.40 ± 2.31%) and HyPR (24.00 ± 4.83%) compared with Group P (30.90 ± 2.42%; P < .001). However, a larger number of iNOS(+) cells was found in Group HyPR than in Group PR (P < .001).ConclusionAdministration of rosuvastatin reduced gingival iNOS expression in ligature‐induced periodontitis with/without hyperlipidaemia. It also led to significant differences in ABL in rats with periodontitis, except when periodontitis was associated with hyperlipidaemia. These findings could provide an important contribution in further studies to evaluate the role of rosuvastatin as a host modulatory agent in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
In vivo analysis at the cellular level reveals similar steatosis induction in both hepatitis C virus genotype 1 and 3 infections
Authors: Campana B. , Calabrese D. , Matter M. S. , Terracciano L. M. , Wieland S. F. , Heim M. H. 
Published: October 2017

SummarySteatosis is a frequent histological feature of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Cohort studies of patients with chronic hepatitis C identified HCV genotype 3 (HCV GT3) as the prevalent steatotic genotype. Moreover, Huh‐7 cells over‐expressing HCV GT3 core protein accumulate more triglyceride in larger lipid droplets than cells expressing core proteins of other HCV genotypes. However, little is known about the relationship of steatosis and HCV infection at the cellular level in vivo. In this study, we used highly sensitive multiplex in situ hybridization methodology together with lipid staining to investigate HCV‐induced lipid droplet accumulation at the cellular level in liver biopsies. Consistent with previous reports, histological steatosis grades were significantly higher in GT3 compared to GT1 infected livers, but independent of viral load. Using nile red lipid stainings, we observed that the frequency of lipid droplet containing cells was similar in HCV GT1‐ and HCV GT3‐infected livers. Lipid droplet formation preferentially occurred in HCV‐infected cells irrespective of the genotype, but was also observed in noninfected cells. These findings demonstrate that the main difference between GT1‐ and GT3‐induced steatosis is the size of lipid droplets, but not the number or relative distribution of lipid droplets in infected vs uninfected hepatocytes.
Environmental DNA detection of rare and invasive fish species in two Great Lakes tributaries
Authors: Balasingham Katherine D. , Walter Ryan P. , Mandrak Nicholas E. , Heath Daniel D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe extraction and characterization of DNA from aquatic environmental samples offers an alternative, noninvasive approach for the detection of rare species. Environmental DNA, coupled with PCR and next‐generation sequencing (“metabarcoding”), has proven to be very sensitive for the detection of rare aquatic species. Our study used a custom‐designed group‐specific primer set and next‐generation sequencing for the detection of three species at risk (Eastern Sand Darter, Ammocrypta pellucida; Northern Madtom, Noturus stigmosus; and Silver Shiner, Notropis photogenis), one invasive species (Round Goby, Neogobius melanostomus) and an additional 78 native species from two large Great Lakes tributary rivers in southern Ontario, Canada: the Grand River and the Sydenham River. Of 82 fish species detected in both rivers using capture‐based and eDNA methods, our eDNA method detected 86.2% and 72.0% of the fish species in the Grand River and the Sydenham River, respectively, which included our four target species. Our analyses also identified significant positive and negative species co‐occurrence patterns between our target species and other identified species. Our results demonstrate that eDNA metabarcoding that targets the fish community as well as individual species of interest provides a better understanding of factors affecting the target species spatial distribution in an ecosystem than possible with only target species data. Additionally, eDNA is easily implemented as an initial survey tool, or alongside capture‐based methods, for improved mapping of species distribution patterns.
New insights into the covariation of stomatal, mesophyll and hydraulic conductances from optimization models incorporating nonstomatal limitations to photosynthesis
Authors: Dewar Roderick , Mauranen Aleksanteri , Mäkelä Annikki , Hölttä Teemu , Medlyn Belinda , Vesala Timo 
Published: October 2017

Summary

Optimization models of stomatal conductance (gs) attempt to explain observed stomatal behaviour in terms of cost‐‐benefit tradeoffs. While the benefit of stomatal opening through increased CO2 uptake is clear, currently the nature of the associated cost(s) remains unclear. We explored the hypothesis that gs maximizes leaf photosynthesis, where the cost of stomatal opening arises from nonstomatal reductions in photosynthesis induced by leaf water stress.

We analytically solved two cases, CAP and MES, in which reduced leaf water potential leads to reductions in carboxylation capacity (CAP) and mesophyll conductance (gm) (MES).

Both CAP and MES predict the same one‐parameter relationship between the intercellular : atmospheric CO2 concentration ratio (ci/ca) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD, D), viz. ci/ca ≈ ξ/(ξ + √D), as that obtained from previous optimization models, with the novel feature that the parameter ξ is determined unambiguously as a function of a small number of photosynthetic and hydraulic variables. These include soil‐to‐leaf hydraulic conductance, implying a stomatal closure response to drought. MES also predicts that gs/gm is closely related to ci/ca and is similarly conservative.

These results are consistent with observations, give rise to new testable predictions, and offer new insights into the covariation of stomatal, mesophyll and hydraulic conductances.
Assessing the Empirical Relevance of Labour Frictions to Business Cycle Fluctuations
Authors: Madeira João 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper describes a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model augmented with labour frictions, namely: indivisible labour, predetermined employment and adjustment costs. This improves the fit to the data as shown by a higher log marginal likelihood and closer match to key business cycle statistics. The labour frictions introduced are relevant for model dynamics and economic policy: the effect of total factor productivity shocks on most macroeconomic variables is substantially mitigated; fiscal policy leads to a greater crowding out of private sector activity and monetary policy has a lower impact on output. Labour frictions also provide a better match to impulse response functions from vector autoregressive models.