bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responsive Constitutionalism in Australia
Authors: Dixon Rosalind 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResponsive constitutionalism is a theory of constitutionalism that starts from the idea that democracy involves two overlapping commitments — to a relatively thin ‘minimum core’ set of norms and institutions and thicker, more contestable set of rights and deliberative commitments. It then proceeds to affirm a commitment both to legal and political constitutionalism. This article explores the relevance of this theory for Australian constitutionalism and suggests that it in fact has strong resonance with the Australian constitutional tradition. First, the capital ‘C’ Constitution gives strong legal protection to the ‘minimum core’ of democracy in ss 7, 24 and the High Court’s decisions on the implied freedom of political communication and access to the franchise. Second, the small ‘c’ constitution adopts norms that help protect the democratic minimum core and advance a responsive approach to thicker democratic commitments to rights. Third, there are important connections between the idea of responsive constitutionalism and limits on the scope legal constitutionalism and judicial review in Australia. Yet, there are also ways in which a responsive approach points to potential reforms of the Australian constitutional model — to include more robust rights-based constitutional protections, albeit in ways that are premised on a notion of shared legal and political authority and enforcement, and therefore involve a ‘weak-form’ national rights charter or extended principle of legality.
Reduced pineal gland volume in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Atmaca Murad , Yildiz Sevler , Tabara Muhammed Fatih , Gurok Mehmet Gurkan , Yildirim Mustafa , Yildirim Hanefi 
Published: September 2024

Objective Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can have hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and may have increased secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol and reduced secretion of melatonin. Examination of pineal gland volumes in patients with OCD compared to healthy controls, thus, is an important consideration and the focus of this study. Methods A total of 20 patients with OCD and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants were assessed, and structural magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Results Patients with OCD had a statistically significant smaller pineal gland volumes compared to healthy controls. Conclusion In this initial small study, patients with OCD exhibited smaller pineal gland volumes compared to healthy control subjects. While this finding suggests a potential link between the pineal gland and OCD pathophysiology, further research with larger sample sizes and measurement of hormonal changes are necessary.
Chronic Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy Cured by Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Rowlands Timothy E. , Norfolk Derek , Homer-Vanniasinkam Shervanthi 
Published: September 2024

Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) may rarely be caused by a previously asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The authors describe a recent case where repair of the AAA provided a complete cure for the patient's bleeding tendency. The multidisciplinary management of this patient is presented, and the evidence for the rare causal role of AAA in DIC is discussed. Coagulation disorders in aneurysm patients are probably under-reported, and warrant careful perioperative assessment.
Emergency Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Does Excessive Preoperative Anticoagulation Increase Bleeding Complications and Transfusion Requirements?
Authors: Grubitzsch Herko , Wollert Hans-Georg , Eckel Lothar 
Published: September 2024

Patients requiring urgent surgical revascularization due to unstable coronary artery disease are usually pretreated with multiple antithrombotic drugs. The perioperative risks of this type of treatment were investigated in 123 patients who underwent emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at our institution. Eighty-two patients (group A) received heparin and acetylsalicylic acid solely and 41 patients (group B) received additionally ADP-receptor antagonists (82.9%), glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (12.2%) or thrombolysis (14.6%) preoperatively. Both groups were similar regarding demographic data and overall clinical status. Preoperative coagulation parameters and intraoperative characteristics were comparable. Blood loss via chest tubes was not significantly different between groups. Transfusion of red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma were slightly, but not significantly increased in group B. Transfusion of pooled platelets was low in general and similar in both groups. Re-exploration rate, medium intensive care unit and hospital stay as well as perioperative mortality were comparable. Excessive antithrombotic pretreatment seems to bear no additional risk in emergency CABG and may be beneficial in this setting.
A Prospective Randomized Multicentre Comparison of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene and Gelatin-Sealed Knitted Dacron Grafts for Femoropopliteal Bypass
Authors: Robinson B. I. , Fletcher J. P. , Tomlinson P. , Allen R. D. M. , Hazelton S. J. , Richardson A. J. , Stuchbery K. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To compare graft patency between expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and gelatin-sealed knitted Dacron for femoropopliteal bypass. Methods: A prospective, multicentre trial was performed in 108 patients randomized to receive either a PTFE or Dacron prosthetic graft. Distal anastomosis was above knee in 75 and below knee in 33 patients. Results: Primary patency at 1, 2 and 3 years was 72, 52 and 52% for PTFE, and 70, 56 and 47% for Dacron ( P = 0.87). Secondary patency at 1, 2 and 3 years was 74, 54 and 54% for PTFE and 78, 70 and 53% for Dacron ( P = 0.39). The most significant predictors of early graft failure were poor vessel run-off ( P = 0.04) and critical limb ischaemia ( P = 0.04). Conclusion: There was no difference in graft patency between PTFE and Dacron for femoropopliteal bypass.
End-of-Life Costs in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ito Süffert Soraya Camargo , Mantese Carlos Eduardo Aliatti , Meira Felipe Rodrigo de Castro , Trindade Katia Flavia Rosso de Oliveira , Etges Ana Paula Beck da Silva , Vargas Alves Rafael José , Bica Claudia Giuliano 
Published: September 2024

Objectives Identify the costs of an oncology patient at the end of life. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted by screening Embase, PubMed and Lilacs databases, including all studies evaluating end-of-life care costs for cancer patients up to March 2024. The review writing followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Drummond checklist. The protocol is available at PROSPERO CRD42023403186. Results A total of 733 studies were retrieved, and 43 were considered eligible. Among the studies analyzed, 41,86% included all types of neoplasms, 18.60% of lung neoplasm, All articles performed direct cost analysis, and 9.30% also performed indirect cost analysis. No study evaluated intangible costs, and most presented the macrocosting methodology from the payer’s perspective. The articles included in this review presented significant heterogeneity related to populations, diagnoses, periods considered for evaluation of end-of-life care, and cost analyses. Most of the studies were from a payer perspective (74,41%) and based on macrocosting methodologies (81,39%), which limit the use of the information to evaluate variabilities in the consumption of resources. Conclusions Considering the complexity of end-of-life care and the need for consistent data on costs in this period, new studies, mainly in low- and middle-income countries with approaches to indirect and intangible costs, with a societal perspective, are important for public policies of health in accordance with the trend of transforming value-based care, allowing the health care system to create more value for patients and their families.
Early penumbral FLAIR changes predict tissue fate in patients with large vessel occlusions
Authors: Scheldeman Lauranne , Seners Pierre , Wouters Anke , Dupont Patrick , Christensen Soren , Mlynash Michael , Arquizan Caroline , Ter Schiphorst Adrien , Costalat Vincent , Henon Hilde , Bretzner Martin , Albucher Jean-François , Cognard Christophe , Olivot Jean-Marc , Heit Jeremy J , Albers Gregory W , Lansberg Maarten G , Lemmens Robin 
Published: September 2024

Background: In patients with an acute ischemic stroke, the penumbra is defined as ischemic tissue that remains salvageable when reperfusion occurs. However, the expected clinical recovery congruent with penumbral salvage is not always observed. Aims: We aimed to determine whether the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined penumbra includes irreversible neuronal loss that impedes expected clinical recovery after reperfusion. Methods: In the prospective French Acute Multimodal Imaging Study to Select Patients for Mechanical Thrombectomy (FRAME) and an observational cohort of patients with large vessel occlusions undergoing endovascular treatment, we quantified penumbral integrity by fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) changes. We studied the influence of recanalization status on the evolution of penumbral FLAIR changes and studied penumbral FLAIR changes as predictor of tissue fate and functional outcome on the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: Recanalization status did not modify the evolution of rFLAIR signal intensity (SI) over time in the total cohort, but was associated with lower SI in the FRAME subset (b = −0.06, p for interaction = 0.04). Median rFLAIR SI was higher at baseline in the subsequently infarcted penumbra compared to the salvaged (ratio = 1.07, standard deviation (SD) = 0.07 vs 1.03, SD = 0.06 p < 0.0001, n = 150). The severity and extent of rFLAIR SI changes did not predict 90-day functional outcome in univariate (p = 0.09) and multivariate logistic regression (p = 0.4). Conclusions: Recanalization status did not influence the evolution of penumbral FLAIR changes. FLAIR SI changes in the baseline penumbra were associated with tissue fate, but not functional outcome.
The influence of age and gender on ocular biometrics and corneal astigmatism in adults undergoing cataract surgery
Authors: Sharifi Ali , Zand Amin , Shafiei Mohadeseh , Nasiri Naser , Sharifi Hamid , Najafzadeh Mohammad Javad , Sharifi Meraj 
Published: September 2024

Objectives: To assess the influence of age and gender on ocular biometric values and corneal astigmatism features in individuals undergoing phacoemulsification surgery and intraocular lens implantation. Methodology: This retrospective study measured ocular biometrics and corneal keratometric astigmatism using the IOLMaster 700 instrument prior to phacoemulsification surgery and intraocular lens implantation. Results: Analysis included ocular biometric and keratometric values from 3385 eyes of 3385 patients. Lens thickness ( p < 0.001, r = 0.387), mean keratometry ( p < 0.001, r = 0.156), and corneal astigmatism ( p < 0.001, r = 0.082) were positively correlated with age. Conversely, axial length ( p < 0.001, r = −0.133), anterior chamber depth ( p < 0.001, r = −0.244), and horizontal white-to-white corneal diameter ( p < 0.001, r = −0.226) exhibited negative correlations with age. Increasing age led to a significant shift towards against-the-rule astigmatism ( p < 0.001, r = 0.248). Mean keratometry was significantly lower in males than females ( p < 0.001). Axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and white-to-white corneal diameter were higher in males compared to females (all ps ⩽ 0.001). Corneal astigmatism types differed significantly between genders ( p < 0.001), with against-the-rule being more prevalent among males (52.9%) and with-the-rule astigmatism having the highest prevalence among females (40.3%). Conclusions: Mean keratometry and lens thickness increased, while axial length and anterior chamber depth decreased with age. Males exhibited higher values for axial length, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness, whereas females had steeper corneas.
Comparison between problematic use of social media and YouTube to insomnia among Iranian adolescents: A mediating role of psychological distress
Authors: Jafari Elahe , Huang Po-Ching , Zanjanchi Fatemeh , Potenza Marc N. , Lin Chung-Ying , Pakpour Amir H 
Published: September 2024

Objective Problematic use of the internet has been linked to emotional and sleep concerns, although relationships with specific types of internet use are less well understood. YouTube, as an online platform with video-watching features, may attract individuals to spend considerable time, for those experiencing problematic use be termed problematic use of social media (PUSM) or problematic use of YouTube (PUY). Therefore, the present study investigated relationships between PUSM/PUY, psychological distress, and insomnia among the Iranian adolescents. Methods An online survey comprising Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, YouTube Addiction Scale, Depression, Anxiety, Stress-21 Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index recruited 1352 participants. Results Results of Hayes’ Process Macro showed significant correlations between the two types of problematic use and insomnia, with psychological distress as a mediator (unstandardized coefficient = 0.096 and 0.100). Conclusion The findings implied the effect of psychological distress in mediating the relationships of PUSM and PUY to insomnia.
Effects of intervention by trained care managers on advance care planning engagement among long-term care service users in Japan: a pre- and post-pilot comparative study across multiple institutions
Authors: Okochi Shozo , Oshiro Kyoko , Takeuchi Noriyasu , Miyamichi Mariko , Nakamura Tomoe , Matsushima Terumi , Okada Masako , Kudo Yoshimi , Ishiyama Takehiro , Kinoshita Tomoyasu , Kojima Hideki , Nishikawa Mitsunori 
Published: September 2024

Background: A majority of Japanese care managers lack medical qualifications, feel uncomfortable discussing future medical choices and believe that it is not their responsibility. Objectives: As there is a paucity of care manager intervention studies, this study aimed to measure changes in advance care planning engagement among long-term care service users before and after intervention by care managers with communication training. Design: A multi-institutional pre- and post-pilot comparative study Methods: A multi-institutional pre- and post-trial study was performed from August 2022 to January 2023 (trial ID: 000048573). Nine trained care managers communicated with 30 long-term care service users regarding advance care planning, and the pre- and post-trial advance care planning engagement scores were compared. Additionally, the post-trial impact of events score was investigated. Results: All 30 long-term care service users completed the trial. The advance care planning engagement score increased after the trial. The sample size was considered adequate for future trials. Years of experience as a care manager, impact of events score, and having a clinical frailty scale of ⩾5 were significant explanatory variables that affected the objective variable of the difference between pre- and post-trial advance care planning engagement score. Conclusion: This study on the impact of advance care planning communication interventions by trained care managers offers insights into determining appropriate sample sizes and identifying factors influencing future research outcomes. Advance care planning engagement of long-term care service users might change before and after intervention by care managers through advance care planning communication. Trial registration: University Hospital Medical Information (UMIN) Network Trial ID: 000048573.
Circadian cilia transcriptome in mouse brain across physiological and pathological states
Authors: Chen Kiki , Ashtiani Kousha Changizi , Monfared Roudabeh Vakil , Baldi Pierre , Alachkar Amal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrimary cilia are dynamic sensory organelles that continuously undergo structural modifications in response to environmental and cellular signals, many of which exhibit rhythmic patterns. Building on our previous findings of rhythmic cilia-related gene expression in diurnal primates (baboon), this study extends the investigation to the nocturnal mouse brain to identify circadian patterns of cilia gene expression across brain regions. We used computational techniques and transcriptomic data from four publicly available databases, to examine the circadian expression of cilia-associated genes within six brain areas: brainstem, cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Our analysis reveals that a substantial proportion of cilia transcripts exhibit circadian rhythmicity across the examined regions, with notable overrepresentation in the striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. We also demonstrate region-specific variations in the abundance and timing of circadian cilia genes’ peaks, indicating an adaptation to the distinct physiological roles of each brain region. Additionally, we show that the rhythmic patterns of cilia transcripts are shifted under various physiological and pathological conditions, including modulation of the dopamine system, high-fat diet, and epileptic conditions, indicating the adaptable nature of cilia transcripts’ oscillation. While limited to a few mouse brain regions, our study provides initial insights into the distinct circadian patterns of cilia transcripts and highlights the need for future research to expand the mapping across wider brain areas to fully understand the role of cilia’s spatiotemporal dynamics in brain functions.
Serum syndecan1 has the potential to reflect activity at diagnosis and predict death during follow-up in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: Yoon Taejun , Ha Jang Woo , Pyo Jung Yoon , Ko Eunhee , Ahn Sung Soo , Song Jason Jungsik , Park Yong-Beom , Lee Sang-Won 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study investigated whether serum syndecan1 at diagnosis reflects activity at diagnosis and predicts poor outcomes during follow-up in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV).

Methods
The study included 79 patients with AAV from the cohort of Korean patients diagnosed with AAV. AAV-specific indices, including the Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS), five-factor score (FFS), 36-item short-form survey (SF-36) physical and mental component summary (PCS and MCS), and vasculitis damage index (VDI), were assessed. Laboratory data including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also collected. The highest tertile and upper half of the BVAS were tentatively defined as having high AAV activity. Serum syndecan1 levels were measured in sera stored at diagnosis.

Results
Serum syndecan1 at diagnosis was significantly correlated with AAV activity and functional status, as assessed by BVAS, FFS, SF-36 PCS, MCS, and acute-phase reactants, including ESR and CRP. Patients with serum syndecan1 ≥ 76.1 ng/mL at diagnosis, and those with serum syndecan1 ≥ 60.0 ng/mL at diagnosis showed significantly higher risks for the highest tertile and the upper half of BVAS at diagnosis than those without, respectively. Patients with serum syndecan1 ≥ 120.1 ng/mL at diagnosis had a significantly higher risk for all-cause mortality during follow-up than those without, and further, exhibited a significantly lower cumulative patients’ survival rate than those without.

Conclusion
Serum syndecan1 at diagnosis may not only reflect AAV activity at diagnosis but may also be associated with all-cause mortality during follow-up.
New information on the dentition of Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis (Reptilia, Ichthyosauriformes) from the Early Triassic of Yuan’an, Hubei Province, China
Authors: Gu Li-Ang , Wolniewicz Andrzej S. , Liu Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChaohusaurus is an early ichthyosauriform represented by three species known from the Early Triassic of Chaohu, Anhui Province, China, with a fourth species—Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis—known from the Nanzhang-Yuan’an region of Hubei Province. In contrast to the Chaohusaurus species from Chaohu, Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis remains poorly known, hindering our understanding of early ichthyosauriform evolution. Here, we report a new specimen of Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis, which provides new information on its dentition. The new specimen confirms that Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis had heterodont dentition consisting of pointed anterior teeth and robust, rounded posterior teeth, indicating a generalist diet. The posterior teeth of Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis are more robust (broader and larger) than the posterior dentition of Chaohusaurus chaoxianensis and Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis from Chaohu. This suggests differences in hard-shelled prey preference between species of Chaohusaurus from Chaohu and Nanzhang-Yuan’an, with Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis likely capable of feeding on harder and larger prey than Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis and Chaohusaurus chaoxianensis. In turn, this probably reflects differences in durophagous prey availability between the shallow-marine palaeoecosystem of Nanzhang-Yuan’an and the deeper, slope-basin palaeoecosystem of Chaohu. The posterior dentition and forefin of Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis are strikingly similar to those of Chaohusaurus geishanensis, the rarest species of Chaohusaurus from the Chaohu fauna. The scarcity of Chaohusaurus geishanensis in the Chaohu fauna, and its morphological similarity to Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis, possibly indicate that Chaohusaurus geishanensis was closely related with Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis and that it was also a shallow-marine species that was not a typical component of the Chaohu fauna. It probably occasionally wandered out into the deeper waters of Chaohu from a nearby coastal environment.
The role of geographical distance in transnational institutional engagement of the Czech diaspora: a comparative study
Authors: Janská Eva , Drbohlav Dušan , Hasman Jiří , Čermák Zdeněk 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEngagement with institutions from migrants’ country of origin, both in the destination country and in the country of origin, is distinct transnational behaviour. This study investigates the impact of geographical distance on the institutional engagement of migrants from Czechia in five global regions. We examine how geographic (physical) proximity to Czechia shapes institutional engagement with the country of origin and identify factors beyond distance influencing institutional engagement. We analyzed survey data from Czech emigrants (N = 940) in neighbouring countries, Western and Northern Europe, Southern and Eastern Europe, overseas Anglo-Saxon countries, and other countries. We found that respondents from all more distant regions have higher levels of institutional engagement in the destination country than those from neighbouring countries. Length of stay and education were relevant factors for all selected regions, while place of residence (living in a metropolis) and the level of transnational behavior had varying impacts across regions. Concerning institutional engagement in origin country, the level of transnationalism was consistently the strongest predictor across. Transnational studies should incorporate geographic variables, such as physical distance into their conceptual frameworks. We expect our findings to be generalizable to other countries similar to Czechia, i.e. high-income countries whose citizens benefit from liberal visa regimes.