bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced prostate cancer management by urologist: a real-life national survey in Brazil
Authors: Heldwein Flavio Lobo , Melao Barbara Vieira Lima Aguiar , Busato Wilson Francisco Schreiner , Almeida Gilberto Laurino , Meduna Rafael Ribeiro , Wroclawski Marcelo Langer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose: To address key challenges of treating advance prostate cancer (APC) faced by urologists, a nationwide survey was conducted. Although androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPis) and other systemic agents have become standard treatments of APC, it is unclear how urologists have integrated these into their practice.
Methods: A cross-sectional, closed 27-item was developed to investigate the impact of regional aspects, additional training and regulatory barriers on management of advanced prostate cancer. The target respondents were urologists who are members of the Brazilian Society of Urology (SBU). Our study evaluated various aspects of these new therapeutic strategies in a country with limited healthcare resources.
Results: Of 557 respondents, 465 completed the survey. Most 287 (58%) worked in both private and public systems and 19% were urooncologists and 7% were female. ARPIs prescription analysis showed that 10% prescribe in the more resource-limited regions (center-north vs 24% in south/southeast). Urooncologists were significantly more inclined to prescribe ARPIs, and ADT for radiotherapy compared to general urologists (43%vs17%, 38%vs18%, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). While 76% of urologists reported treating metastatic patients, less than 35% prescribed ADT. Conversely, 9 (1.6%) reported prescribing ARPIs without medical or regulatory concerns. Sampling limitations of online surveys are possible.
Conclusion: Despite increasing evidence favoring use of ARPIs, this study provides insights into barriers on the management of advanced prostate cancer. Wider dissemination of updated education in new hormonal therapies may help to bridge this gap.
CD103–CD8+ T cells promote neurotoxic inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease via granzyme K–PAR-1 signaling
Authors: Constantin Gabriela , Terrabuio Eleonora , Pietronigro Enrica , Bani Alessandro , Bianca Vittorina Della , Laudanna Carlo , Rossi Barbara , Finotti Giulia , Santos-Lima Bruno , Zenaro Elena , Turano Ermanna , Tosadori Gabriele , Calgaro Matteo , Castellucci Monica , Angelini Gabriele , Bonetti Bruno , Vitulo Nicola 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Immune mechanisms contribute to the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but the role of adaptive immune cells is unclear. Here we show that the brain CD8+ T cell compartment is dysregulated in AD patients and in a mouse model with the hallmarks of AD, accumulating activated CD103– tissue-resident memory T cells that produce large amounts of granzyme K (GrK). These CD103–CD8+ T cells originate from the circulation and migrate into the brain using LFA-1 integrin. Ablation of brain CD103–CD8+ T cells in AD mice ameliorated cognitive decline and reduced neuropathology. GrK induced neuronal dysfunction and tau hyperphosphorylation in human and mouse cells via protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), which is expressed at higher levels in the AD brain, revealing a novel immune-mediated neurotoxic axis. We conclude that communication between CD8+ T cells and the nervous system is altered in AD, paving the way for therapies targeting T cell-dependent neurotoxic inflammation.
Distinguishing Between Acute and Chronic Temporomandibular Disorder in Adolescent Patients
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee , Auh Q-Schick , Jeon Seonggwang , Kim Tae-Seok 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study compared the clinical and imaging characteristics of chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD) to those of acute TMD in adolescent patients to identify factors contributing to symptom chronicity in adolescent patients with TMD. The 158 participants were divided into the acute (symptom duration < 6 months) and chronic (symptom duration ≥ 6 months) TMD groups. Clinical reports, panoramic radiographs, and magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the temporomandibular joint were retrospectively reviewed and compared between groups. The results showed that the overall women-to-men ratio among adolescent patients with TMD was 1.87:1 and did not differ significantly between the groups. Moreover, compared with the acute group, the chronic group showed a significantly longer treatment duration; significantly smaller anterior and posterior joint spaces; significantly greater nasomaxillary (Na-Mx) midline discrepancy; significantly more prevalent anterior disc displacement (ADD); and higher rates of bruxism, poor posture, sleep problems, headache, and irregular diet. Treatment duration ≥ 1 year was most strongly associated with chronic TMD, followed by anterior joint space narrowing, ADD on MRI, Na-Mx discrepancy, and bruxism. Therefore, as symptom chronicity progresses, treatment duration tends to increase, and patients are more likely to experience structural changes. Clinicians should consider these findings in diagnosis and treatment of adolescents with TMD.
Understanding the Impact of Spatial Immunophenotypes on the Survival of Endometrial Cancer Patients through the ProMisE Classification
Authors: Hattori Satomi , Yoshikawa Nobuhisa , Liu Wenting , Matsukawa Tetsuya , Kubokawa Mei , Yoshida Kosuke , Yoshihara Masato , Tamauchi Satoshi , Ikeda Yoshiki , Yokoi Akira , Shimizu Yusuke , Niimi Kaoru , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We focused on how the immunophenotypes based on the distribution of CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) relate to the endometrial cancer (EC) molecular subtypes and patients’ prognosis.
Patients and Methods:
Two cohorts of EC patients (total n = 145) were analyzed and categorized using the Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial cancer (ProMisE): POLEmut (POLE mutation), MMRd (mismatch repair deficiency), NSMP (no specific molecular profile), and p53abn (p53 abnormality). CD8-positive TILs, within the central tumor and the invasive margin, were examined by using immunohistochemical staining and advanced image-analysis software. It was investigated whether these immunophenotypes correlate with the patients' survival and molecular subtypes. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explore tumor-derived factors influencing these immunophenotypes.
Results
Three distinct immunophenotypes (inflamed, excluded, and desert) based on the CD8-positive TIL patterns were identified in EC patients. The prognosis was markedly poorer in the patients with the non-inflamed (desert or excluded) phenotype than in those with the inflamed phenotype. Notably, the majority of POLEmut subtypes showed the inflamed phenotype and all p53abn subtypes showed the non-inflamed phenotype, while three immunophenotypes were observed in MMRd and NSMP subtypes, although there was a significant distribution bias. The RNA-seq data showed that the expression of MYC target genes and type-1 interferon response genes was enriched in the non-inflamed phenotype in MMRd and NSMP subtypes respectively.
Conclusion
Evaluating not only the molecular classification but also the immunophenotype may lead to more personalized immunotherapy in EC and elucidating the mechanisms that underlie the formation of the three immunophenotypes could lead to the discovery of new immunotherapy targets.
Daily Variation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters in Individuals with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Biggs Quinn M. , Ursano Robert J. , Wang Jing , Amin Rohul , Hooke Joseph A. , Dhanraj Natasha , Fullerton Carol S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has four symptom clusters: intrusion, avoidance, negative cognitions/mood, and hyperarousal. Little is known about day-to-day variation in the four PTSD symptom clusters. This study examined the day of the week and weekday versus weekend variation in PTSD symptom clusters in individuals with and without PTSD.
Methods: Using an ecological momentary assessment methodology, participants (N = 159; 80 with PTSD, 79 without PTSD) completed self-report assessments of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) four times daily for 15 days. Linear mixed models were used to examine the associations between the seven days of the week and weekday versus weekend variation in PTSD symptom clusters and PTSD.
Results: All four symptom clusters varied across the seven days of the week among participants with PTSD (intrusion: p = .038, avoidance: p < .001, negative cognitions/mood: p = .007, hyperarousal: p < .001), but not among those without PTSD. Among those with PTSD, thefour symptom clusters were higher on weekdays than weekends (intrusion: p = .008, avoidance: p = .002, negative cognitions/mood: p < .001, and hyperarousal: p < .001). However, among those without PTSD, weekdays were higher than weekends only for the intrusion (p = .042) and hyperarousal (p = .017) clusters. Differences in when symptom clusters peaked were also noted.
Conclusions: Among individuals with PTSD, the four symptom clusters vary by the day of the week with more symptoms on weekdays compared to weekends. Identification of the factors associated with day-to-day variation in PTSD symptom clusters may be important for understanding the neurobiology of PTSD and for diagnosis, assessment, interventions, and treatments of those with PTSD.
Trial registration: Clinical trial number: not applicable.
Psychosocial and Situational Risk Factors of Suicidality among Young Adults amid and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Three-Wave Cross-Sectional Network Analysis
Authors: Fong Ted C.T. , Yip Paul S.F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought situational impacts and mental distress among young people. No studies have investigated and compared the risk factors of suicidality among young adults during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to examine the risk factors of suicidality in this population via a network approach amid and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: Repeated, cross-sectional telephone surveys recruited three samples of young adults in Hong Kongvia random sampling in autumns of 2021 (N=1472), 2022 (N=1238), and 2023 (N=1226). The respondents completed measures on situational impact, meaning in life, societal pessimism, Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), social withdrawal, and suicidality. Mixed graphical modeling was conducted to identify the bridge linkages between suicidality and risk factors across the three waves.
Results: The 2023 wave showed a substantial decline in COVD-19 distress but higher rates of suicidality than the 2021 and 2022 waves. The network models showed good stability. Financial impact, PHQ-4, and social withdrawal showed positive linkages with suicidality in the network. PHQ-4 consistently showed the greatest bridge strength across the three waves. Network comparison found no significant differences in the network structure and global strength across gender, age groups, and waves. Societal pessimism showed significantly greater bridge strength in the network model from 2021 to 2023.
Conclusion: The results elucidated the network structure of risk factors of suicidality in population-based samples of young adults after the pandemic, highlighting meaning in life and societal pessimism as potential targets of interventions.
Prognosis and distant metastasis patterns of early-onset gastric cancer compared to late-onset: A large-scale, cross-population retrospective study
Authors: wang Yukai , Yin Kailai , Liu Dujiang , Jin Xuanhong , Pan Yang , Ma Yubo , Zheng Yingsong , liu Kang , Jiang Zhengchen , Xia Ruihong , Wei Yizhou , Cheng Xiangdong , Pang Chuhong , Yuan Li 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC, ≤ 45 years) exhibits distinct clinicopathological characteristics, and its incidence is rising. This study aims to offer insights into treatment strategies for gastric cancer patients across different age groups by retrospectively analyzing the clinicopathological features, distant metastasis patterns, and prognostic factors of EOGC patients.
Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 33,675 gastric cancer patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, including 3,208 EOGC patients and 30,467 late-onset gastric cancer (LOGC) patients. Restricted cubic spline analysis was applied to evaluate the nonlinear relationship between age and mortality risk. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance baseline differences between groups. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves, subgroup analysis, and Cox regression analysis.
Result
Despite EOGC patients presenting with unfavorable clinicopathological features, survival analysis revealed that EOGC patients had better overall survival than LOGC patients both before and after PSM. Subgroup analysis further indicated that EOGC patients exhibited a significant survival advantage with smaller tumor size, SRCC subtype, and stages I-III. Additionally, the distant metastasis pattern in EOGC patients differed from LOGC patients, with EOGC patients more frequently developing bone and ovarian metastases, while liver metastasis was less common. EOGC patients with peritoneal metastasis had poorer outcomes than LOGC patients. Prognosis was relatively better for EOGC patients with distant lymph node metastasis, but poorer for those with peritoneal metastasis.
Conclusion
Surgically treated EOGC patients have significantly better prognoses than LOGC patients. Furthermore, the distant metastasis patterns of EOGC differ from LOGC, carrying distinct prognostic implications for different metastatic sites.
Ethical Integration of AI into Organizational Behavior: Introducing the AI-IOB Model
Authors: Ofem Ofem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) rapidly integrates into organizations, understanding its impact on Organizational Behavior (OB) is essential. This study introduces the AI-Integrated Organizational Behavior (AI-IOB) Model, incorporating AI influences and ethical considerations into traditional OB constructs. Using a mixed-methods approach, we analyzed quantitative data from datasets like IBM's HR Analytics Employee Attrition & Performance and conducted thematic analysis on qualitative insights from industry reports and case studies. Quantitative analyses revealed that automation and generative AI significantly enhance productivity (R² = 0.70, p < 0.001), and AI-driven data analytics improve leadership effectiveness (β = 0.65, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings corroborated these results, highlighting increased innovation and emphasizing ethical considerations regarding employee trust and job security. Despite limitations such as potential biases in secondary data and generalization challenges, the study underscores the need for ethical frameworks in AI adoption to mitigate negative impacts on employees. Future research should explore longitudinal effects, cross-cultural variations, and industry-specific dynamics. The AI-IOB Model offers a robust framework for understanding AI's multifaceted impact on organizational behavior, providing valuable insights for navigating AI integration.
Applying the greenhouse gas inventory calculation approach to predict forest carbon sink development
Authors: Mosley Fredric , Niemi Jari , Soimakallio Sampo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Finland’s National Climate Law contains a target for carbon neutrality by 2035. Achieving this target not only depends on the effective implementation of emission reductions, but to a large part on the forest carbon sink. A recent publication of the Government’s analysis, assessment and research activities highlights a potential disparity in forest land greenhouse gas (GHG) balance estimates by the ex-ante scenario model used in the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), and the ex-post GHG inventory methodology used for creating an official record of emissions and removals. Better methodological compatibility is needed for answering a key question: how large will the forest carbon sink be in different scenarios? This study is a first attempt to show the usefulness of applying GHG inventory calculation approach to predict forest carbon sink development.
Results
In this study, we introduce a tool that can be used to estimate the GHG balance for forest land, what we call a “synthetic inventory”, and validate it by comparing outputs against historical data reported in Finland’s GHG inventory. Second, we use it to predict GHG balances in year leading up to 2035 at various roundwood and forest residue harvest rates. The tool can replicate forest GHG balances for forest land with an average annual error of 1.2 Mt CO2, representing 4% of the average annual forest carbon sink. We estimate the forest GHG balance in 2035 to be around 2, -16, -34 Mt CO2eq at levels of total annual drain 92, 80, 70 Mm3 respectively.
Conclusions
According to our calculations the forest land net GHG balance in 2035 is approximately 11 Mt CO2eq higher than what is currently presented in Finland’s NECP. Conceptual differences between how GHGI methodologies and scenario models estimate living biomass gains contribute to this outcome. The tool presented here shows agreement with the NIR 2023 approach, and it can be quickly updated to fit new inventory methods and data. It is likely that the approach is applicable to any country given that appropriate data is available.
Assessing the Causal Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure: A meta-analytic Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Woolf Benjamin , Rajasundaram Skanda , Pott Janne , Gill Dipender , Sallis Hannah , Burgess Stephen , Munafò Marcus 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Smoking is a major cause of global morbidity and premature mortality. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS; “second-hand” or “passive smoking”) may also contribute to ill health. However, it is difficult to establish causality given problems of confounding and reverse causation. We applied Mendelian randomisation to investigate evidence for causal effects. To instrument ETS exposure we used an index individual’s parent’s or spouse’s genetic liability to smoke, conditional on the index individual’s genetic liability. We then meta-analyse four MR approaches using this. Our findings suggest a causal effect of genetically predicted ETS exposure on lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (pFDR < 0.001 for both). We did not find evidence supporting an effect on hypertension, depression, coronary heart disease, or stroke (pFDR = 1.000 for all four non-respiratory outcomes); but this might reflect low statistical power. Overall, these results support public health measures to limit exposure to ETS.
Deep fossil freshwater in coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Le Huy , Key Kerry , Steckler Michael , Sazeed Nafis , Person Mark , Bhuiyan Anwar , Khan Mahfuzur , Ahmed Kazi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aquifer overexploitation and saltwater intrusion threaten freshwater resources in coastal regions worldwide1,2. In Bangladesh, arsenic contamination and droughts further impact shallow freshwater availability in parts of the country3,4. In the coastal zone, much of the shallow groundwater is saline while availability of deeper fresh groundwater is poorly understood. Here, we utilize deep-sensing magnetotelluric soundings to image the contrast in electrical resistivity between resistive fresh and conductive saline groundwater along a 120 km profile adjacent to the Pusur River in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, Bangladesh. Our data reveal two distinct deep freshwater bodies: a seaward-dipping wedge extending to 600 m depth in the northern transect, and a smaller fresh-to-brackish zone located near the coastline. We propose that these aquifers are remnants of preserved Pleistocene groundwater, supported by 14C ages up to 30,000 years5. An intervening high-salinity zone between the two freshwater bodies likely formed by Ganges paleovalley incision during the last glacial maximum, followed by marine transgression and deposition of conductive muddy sediments. Our results provide a framework for location and distribution of fossil groundwater reserves in Bangladesh’s riverine coastline, offering a potential resource for this water-stressed region. The interplay between past sea-level cycles, sedimentation, and hydrogeological processes may also control the distribution of deep fresh groundwater at other deltas.
WITHDRAWN: Favipiravir-induced bradycardia: A case report
Authors: Kashefizadeh Alireza , Ohadi Laya , Amiri Farbod , Abdolmaleki Maryam , Eslami Vahid , Fesharaki Mehrdad Jafari 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Favipiravir has emerged as a potential treatment for COVID-19, with its antiviral properties showing promise in inhibiting viral replication. However, concerns regarding its safety profile, particularly its cardiac adverse effects, remain a subject of debate.
Case Presentation: We present the case of a 58-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who developed bradycardia following treatment with favipiravir for COVID-19 pneumonia. Despite being asymptomatic, the patient exhibited sinus bradycardia, which resolved upon discontinuation of favipiravir.
Discussion: Favipiravir has been associated with QT prolongation and sinus bradycardia, though the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Our case adds to the growing body of evidence highlighting the potential cardiac complications of favipiravir therapy in COVID-19 patients. Further research is warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and optimize patient management strategies.
Conclusion: Clinicians should be cautious for cardiac adverse events when prescribing favipiravir for COVID-19 treatment, especially in patients with preexisting cardiac conditions. Continued research is essential to ensure the safe and effective use of favipiravir in the management of COVID-19.
Reconstructing a georeferenced inventory of flooding hazards in Raoping, Guangdong province, China, from 1492 to 1985
Authors: Zhao Lan , Xu Jingfeng , Zhao Rong , Wang Zekun , Yao Yuanzhi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
For ancient times, there is a scarcity of instrumental water flow data, which challenges the hydrological science community to understand the evolution of flood risk under changing climate over the centennial scale. Based on the historical records of flood events, the first spatio-temporal database of flood risk occurrence was established in Raoping county, Guangdong, China, from 1492 to 1985 (a 494-year period), with intensive human interpretation and local investigation. Specifically, spatially explicit flood events of the river network were provided for each flood episode. A detailed analysis of the database shows a high frequency of flood risk in summer and early autumn. Specifically, a significant (p &lt; 0.05) increase has been found in flood risks since 1960. However, flooding decreased significantly in recent decades due to meteorological and hydrological factors, as well as the population density and migration during the 500-year period. A spatial clustering of flood events in the northern and southern parts is also confirmed, which shows an impact of population dynamics on a centennial scale. Such methods can be a reference for establishing China's flooding-database for ancient periods, promoting a better understanding of natural hazards and associated human behaviors in the context of long-term climate change.