bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reported safety environment predicts injuries among children aged 1–6 years in specific communities
Authors: Siman‐Tov Maya , Peleg Kobi , Baron‐Epel Orna 
Published: January 2018

AimTo measure individual and environmental risk factors predicting reported child injuries.MethodsA prospective, follow‐up study was performed including 380 parents of children aged 1–6 years, living in various communities throughout Israel. Parents were interviewed three times, 3 months apart. Injuries were defined as including minor injuries that required parental attention and medically attended injuries: doctor or nurse visit, emergency medical services or hospitalisation. Parents reported the level of safety for both indoor and outdoor environments, covering 11 items pertaining to safety elements dedicated to prevent child injury. Socio‐demographic and parents' attitudes towards child injury were also measured.ResultsDuring the 6‐month follow‐up period, 37% of parents reported that their child was injured, and 29% of them received medical attention. Reported outdoor safety environment was found to be a predictor of child injury, suggesting that the risk of child injury is higher among children living in unsafe outdoor environments. However, this depended on levels of religiosity (with an odds ratio of 2.48 and 95% confidence interval of 1.09–5.64 for traditional families and an odds ratio of 3.65 and 95% confidence interval of 1.58–8.46 for religious families).ConclusionsSafe environments play a major role in decreasing the risk of injury among children. In order to decrease injury rates among young children, attention should be given to the immediate outdoor environment in which children grow up and play. Decision makers might particularly want to pay closer attention to the influence of religious backgrounds on child safety through safe environments.
The role of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer glycosylation in regulating matrix metalloproteinases in periodontitis
Authors: Zhang Z. , Yang X. , Zhang H. , Liu X. , Pan S. , Li C. 
Published: January 2018

Background and ObjectiveExtracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that may induce activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and lead to the destruction of periodontal tissue. The level of EMMPRIN glycosylation might be involved in this process. This study aims to investigate the role of EMMPRIN glycosylation in regulating MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 during the progression of periodontitis.Material and MethodsGingival tissues were collected from patients with chronic periodontitis and from patients undergoing crown‐lengthening procedures (healthy gingival tissue). Tissues were used for immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence. A human immortalized oral epithelial cell (HIOEC) line was stably transfected by an N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase‐V (GnT‐V) RNA interference (RNAi) lentivirus to suppress EMMPRIN glycosylation. Gene silence efficiency was detected by western blot, quantitative real‐time PCR and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. An HIOEC/human gingival fibroblast (HGF) co‐culture model and an individual culture model were used in this study. After exposure of cells to Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg. LPS), the expression of EMMPRIN, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were assessed by western blot, quantitative real‐time PCR and IF, and the secretion of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were detected by gelatin‐degradation assays.ResultsCompared with the periodontally healthy group, patients with periodontitis showed increased expression of EMMPRIN on the gingival epithelial cell membrane. GnT‐V, a key regulator of EMMPRIN glycosylation, was co‐expressed with EMMPRIN in gingival epithelial cells in patients with periodontitis. Knockdown of GnT‐V reduced the level of EMMPRIN glycosylation in HIOECs. Furthermore, in the HIOEC/HGF co‐culture model, stimulation with Pg. LPS (10 μg/mL, 4 hours) promoted EMMPRIN glycosylation and increased the activities of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, while suppression of EMMPRIN glycosylation by GnT‐V knockdown reduced the synthesis and activities of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 under Pg. LPS stimulation. Moreover, the gelatin‐degradation assay showed that inhibition of EMMPRIN glycosylation suppressed the Pg. LPS‐induced degradation of gelatin in the co‐culture model.ConclusionWe conclude that EMMPRIN glycosylation participates in the regulation of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 production through mediating the interaction of HIOECs and HGFs. Inhibiting EMMPRIN glycosylation can reduce the activation of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 and suppress the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the HIOEC/HGF co‐culture model. Therefore, this study suggests that EMMPRIN glycosylation may affect the host immune‐inflammatory response by regulating MMPs in periodontitis.
Risky behavior and its effect on survival: snowshoe hare behavior under varying moonlight conditions
Authors: Gigliotti L. C. , Diefenbach D. R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPredation and predation risk can exert strong influences on the behavior of prey species. However, risk avoidance behaviors may vary among populations of the same species. We studied a population of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) near the southern edge of their range, in Pennsylvania. This population occupies different habitat types, experiences different environmental conditions, and are exposed to different predator species and densities than northern hare populations; therefore, they might exhibit differences in risk avoidance behaviors. We analyzed hare survival, movement rates, and habitat use under different levels of predation risk, as indexed by moonlight. Similar to previous work, we found snowshoe hare survival decreased with increased moon illumination during the winter, but we found differences in behavioral responses to increased predation risk. We found that snowshoe hares did not reduce movement rates during high‐risk nights, but instead found that hares selected areas with denser canopy cover, compared to low‐risk nights. We suggest that behavioral plasticity in response to predation risk allows populations of the same species to respond to localized conditions.
Children With SLI Can Exhibit Reduced Attention to a Talker's Mouth
Authors: Pons Ferran , Sanz‐Torrent Monica , Ferinu Laura , Birulés Joan , Andreu Llorenç 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that children with specific language impairment (SLI) show difficulties not only with auditory but also with audiovisual speech perception. The goal of this study was to assess whether children with SLI might show reduced attention to the talker's mouth compared to their typically developing (TD) peers. An additional aim was to determine whether the pattern of attention to a talking face would be related to a specific subtype of SLI. We used an eye‐tracker methodology and presented a video of a talker speaking the children's native language. Results revealed that children with SLI paid significantly less attention to the mouth than the TD children. More specifically, it was also observed that children with a phonological‐syntactic deficit looked less to the mouth as compared to the children with a lexical‐syntactic deficit.
Review of Single Subject Research Examining the Effectiveness of Interventions for At‐Risk English Learners
Authors: Baker Doris Luft , Richards‐Tutor Catherine , Sparks Anthony , Canges Rebecca 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe review published single subject design (SSD) studies that examine the effects of interventions for English learners at‐risk or with learning disabilities. Results of our literature search yielded 10 studies, five in reading, one in reading and behavior, and four in mathematics that met our inclusion criteria. Seven studies targeted Spanish‐speaking English learners, and three studies included students who spoke other languages than English and/or English only students. Two studies in mathematics included native language instruction. Six studies included English learners in second grade and above, and one study included high school students. We were able to calculate effect sizes (Hedges g) for eight of the 10 studies. Findings indicated a significant effect of the intervention for 12 of the 18 dependent variables measured. SSD methodology has the potential to help researchers and practitioners better understand what interventions work for English learners, and under what circumstances.
Frederick C. Leonard: A history and personal recollections
Authors: Leonard Frederick D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAs a child Frederick C. Leonard displayed such a precocious aptitude for astronomy that he became known as “Chicago's Boy Astronomer.” But within a decade after receiving his Ph.D., his interests had turned to meteorites. He persuaded Harvey Nininger to help him found the Society for Research on Meteorites, later renamed The Meteoritical Society, in 1933—a time when the study of meteorites was not considered a worthy pursuit of serious scientists. He nurtured the Society and held it together through the Great Depression, World War II, a destructive feud, and a significant personal and family crisis. He obtained legitimacy and affiliation for the Society with mainstream scientific organizations. He was its first President, and he was Editor of its publications from the Society's founding until a year before his death in 1960. Through it all he was a persistent advocate for the importance of the study of meteorites and the legitimacy of meteoritics as a valuable field of science.
Reconsidering nationalism and feminism: the Kurdish political movement in Turkey
Authors: Al‐Ali Nadje , Tas Latif 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFeminist scholars have documented with reference to multiple empirical contexts that feminist claims within nationalist movements are often side‐lined, constructed as ‘inauthentic’ and frequently discredited for imitating supposedly western notions of gender‐based equality. Despite these historical precedents, some feminist scholars have pointed to the positive aspects of nationalist movements, which frequently open up spaces for gender‐based claims. Our research is based on the recognition that we cannot discuss and evaluate the fraught relationship in the abstract but that we need to look at the specific historical and empirical contexts and articulations of nationalism and feminism. The specific case study we draw from is the relationship between the Kurdish women's movement and the wider Kurdish political movement in Turkey. We are exploring the ways that the Kurdish movement in Turkey has politicised Kurdish women's rights activists and examine how Kurdish women activists have reacted to patriarchal tendencies within the Kurdish movement.
Identification and functional characterization of type II toxin/antitoxin systems in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Schneider B. , Weigel W. , Sztukowska M. , Demuth D.R. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryType II toxin/antitoxin (TA) systems contribute to the formation of persister cells and biofilm formation for many organisms. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans thrives in the complex oral microbial community subjected to continual environmental flux. Little is known regarding the presence and function of type II TA systems in this organism or their contribution to adaptation and persistence in the biofilm. We identified 11 TA systems that are conserved across all seven serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans and represent the RelBE, MazEF and HipAB families of type II TA systems. The systems selectively responded to various environmental conditions that exist in the oral cavity. Two putative RelBE‐like TA systems, D11S_1194‐1195 and D11S_1718‐1719 were induced in response to low pH and deletion of D11S_1718‐1719 significantly reduced metabolic activity of stationary phase A. actinomycetemcomitans cells upon prolonged exposure to acidic conditions. The deletion mutant also exhibited reduced biofilm biomass when cultured under acidic conditions. The D11S_1194 and D11S_1718 toxin proteins inhibited in vitro translation of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and degraded ribosome‐associated, but not free, MS2 virus RNA. In contrast, the corresponding antitoxins (D11S_1195 and D11S_1719), or equimolar mixtures of toxin and antitoxin, had no effect on DHFR production or RNA degradation. Together, these results suggest that D11S_1194‐1195 and D11S_1718‐1719 are RelBE‐like type II TA systems that are activated under acidic conditions and may function to cleave ribosome‐associated mRNA to inhibit translation in A. actinomycetemcomitans. In vivo, these systems may facilitate A. actinomycetemcomitans adaptation and persistence in acidic local environments in the dental biofilm.
Excess incidence and risk factors for recurrent pneumonia in bipolar disorder
Authors: Li Min‐Shan , Hung Galen Chin‐Lun , Yang Shu‐Yu , Pan Chun‐Hung , Liao Ya‐Tang , Tsai Shang‐Ying , Chen Chiao‐Chicy , Kuo Chian‐Jue 
Published: January 2018

AimPatients with bipolar disorder (BD) tend to have poorer outcomes after pneumonia and could have a higher risk for recurrence of pneumonia. We aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of recurrent pneumonia in patients with BD.MethodsIn a nationwide cohort of BD patients (derived from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan) who were hospitalized for pneumonia between 1996 and 2012, we identified 188 patients who developed recurrent pneumonia after a baseline pneumonia episode. Applying risk‐set sampling at a 1:2 ratio, 353 matched controls were selected from the study cohort. We used multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis to explore the association between recurrent pneumonia and physical illness, concomitant medications, and psychotropic drugs.ResultsThe findings showed that the incidence of recurrent pneumonia in BD was 6.60 cases per 100 person‐years, which was higher than that in the general population. About 10% (9.24%) of cases with recurrent pneumonia died within 30 days of hospitalization. Patients had increased risk of recurrent pneumonia if they had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer, or asthma. Conversely, psychotropic drugs, both first‐ and second‐generation antipsychotics, which are known to increase susceptibility to baseline pneumonia, were not associated with risk of pneumonia recurrence.ConclusionWe found an excess incidence of recurring pneumonia in patients with BD, and this risk was associated with pre‐existing medical conditions but not psychotropic agents. Physicians should carefully consider the comorbid medical conditions of patients with BD that could lead to recurrent pneumonia.
Preparing for saliencies: Emotional expectations under probabilistically and aversively salient situations
Authors: Kamei Mio , Kotani Yasunori , Sakuma Haruo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn humans, the expectation process in decision making has not been as thoroughly investigated as the evaluation process. The present study focused on the interaction between probabilistic saliency and motivational saliency during expectation and evaluation periods using stimulus‐preceding negativity (SPN) and reward positivity (RewP). Twenty healthy participants performed a modified monetary‐incentive delay task under reward‐approach and punishment‐avoidance conditions. Each condition was characterized by the likely outcome (reward only, punishment only) to manipulate motivational saliency. The task difficulty was regulated to control for probabilistic saliency, and the error trial was set as a probabilistically salient event (75% correct, 25% error). The results demonstrated that there was a larger SPN in the 25%‐error trial than the 75%‐correct trial and that it was left hemisphere predominant. Furthermore, there was an interaction between probabilistic and motivational saliency such that the SPN in the error trial was larger in the punishment‐avoidance than in the reward‐approach condition at Fz and at the right hemisphere. In contrast, RewP was only significantly different from zero in the 75%‐correct trial in the reward‐approach condition. These results confirm that the SPN increases with probabilistic saliency and that probabilistically salient events may intervene in the motivational saliency of the outcome; furthermore, that RewP reflects the weighted positive value of the outcome for reward but not the weighted negative value of the outcome for punishment. We discuss the interaction between probabilistic saliency and motivational saliency on SPN and its left hemisphere predominance based on the functions of the insular cortex.
Stratigraphic completeness and resolution in an ancient mudrock succession
Authors: Kemp David B. , Fraser Wesley T. , Izumi Kentaro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMudrocks are the most common rock type at the Earth's surface, and they play a major role in informing current understanding of the palaeoenvironmental history of the planet. Their suitability for this purpose is at least partly underpinned by the assumed stratigraphic completeness of mudrock successions, and the ostensible fidelity with which they record temporal changes in palaeoenvironment. Mud does not necessarily accumulate, however, as a steady, near‐continuous ‘rain’ under low energy conditions. Advective modes of mud transport and episodic, ephemeral accumulation have been shown to dominate in many ancient successions. This has implications for the completeness of these records and their suitability for high‐resolution sampling and analysis. In this study, a numerical model of mud accumulation, parameterized with data from the Lower Jurassic of Yorkshire (UK) is presented to explore completeness and resolution constraints on ancient epicontinental mudrock successions. Using this model, stratigraphic completeness of the analysed Yorkshire succession is estimated to be ca 13% and ca 98% at centennial and millennial timescales, respectively. The findings indicate that sub‐millennial scale processes and events are unlikely to be accurately resolved, despite the largely unbioturbated and well‐laminated nature of the succession. Epicontinental mudrock successions are a crucial archive of ancient environmental changes, and the findings of this study help to define a plausible upper limit on the resolution achievable in these successions. Even with high‐resolution sampling, sub‐millennial scale records of palaeoenvironmental change may not be attainable in ancient epicontinental mudrocks.
Estimates of Side Effects Counseling in Family Planning Using Three Data Sources: Implications for Monitoring and Survey Design
Authors: Choi Yoonjoung 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWith growing attention to monitoring and improving quality of care, it is critical to have evidence‐based recommendations to measure quality of care indicators and guidelines to interpret estimates from different data sources. This study facilitates methodological discussion regarding measurement of counseling for side effects in family planning, a critical component of quality. The study assesses and compares estimates of side effects counseling based on three data sources. Data came from nationally representative facility and household surveys, Service Provision Assessments, and Demographic and Health Surveys in four countries. The level of side effects counseling was unacceptably low and varied systematically by data source. Compared to observation data in the facility survey, exit interview data from the survey overestimated the level substantially, and its reporting had poor predictive value. Estimates from household surveys were comparable with the observation‐based estimates applying the minimum definition of counseling. In monitoring quality of care, data sources should be carefully reviewed, and estimates may need to be adjusted if the sources are inconsistent.
Analysis of thermal strains and stresses in heated fibre metal laminates
Authors: Anisimov A. G. , Müller B. , Sinke J. , Groves R. M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCurrent trends in aircraft design are to increase the economic efficiency by integrating different features in multifunctional materials. One strategy is to embed resistance heater elements between glass‐fibre epoxy layers in (heated) fibre metal laminates and to use them as anti or de‐icing devices in leading edges of wings. Heated glass fibre reinforced aluminium (GLARE) is an example of such a multifunctional material where heating functionality was added to the (certified) structural feature of GLARE. As heated fibre metal laminates are an innovative and rather new material, the possible (local) effects of embedded heating on the stress–strain state have not yet been investigated. This research couples experimental characterisation of heated GLARE surface behaviour and numerical modelling analysis to investigate the surface and the through‐the‐thickness strain‐stress state and temperature distributions due to the embedded heating. For the experimental part, the surface strains and the temperatures of a developed specimen were measured in a slow heating regime (temperature increase from 22.7 to 39.4 °C within 120 s) using, respectively, a developed shearography instrument and thermocouples with an infrared camera. Then a numerical model of heated GLARE was developed and verified with experimental results. Further, the numerical model was used to predict strains, stresses, and temperatures during a temperature increase similar to that used for de‐icing in a real operation (temperature increase from −25 to 86.7 °C within 4.8 s).
Probiotics or pro‐healers: the role of beneficial bacteria in tissue repair
Authors: Lukic Jovanka , Chen Vivien , Strahinic Ivana , Begovic Jelena , Lev‐Tov Hadar , Davis Stephen C. , Tomic‐Canic Marjana , Pastar Irena 
Published: January 2018

AbstractProbiotics are beneficial microorganisms, known to exert numerous positive effects on human health, primarily in the battle against pathogens. Probiotics have been associated with improved healing of intestinal ulcers, and healing of infected cutaneous wounds. This article reviews the latest findings on probiotics related to their pro‐healing properties on gut epithelium and skin. Proven mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria exert their beneficial effects include direct killing of pathogens, competitive displacement of pathogenic bacteria, reinforcement of epithelial barrier, induction of fibroblasts, and epithelial cells' migration and function. Beneficial immunomodulatory effects of probiotics relate to modulation and activation of intraepithelial lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages through induced production of cytokines. Systemic effects of beneficial bacteria and link between gut microbiota, immune system, and cutaneous health through gut–brain–skin axes are discussed as well. In light of growing antibiotic resistance of pathogens, antibiotic use is becoming less effective in treating cutaneous and systemic infections. This review points to a new perspective and therapeutic potential of beneficial probiotic species as a safe alternative approach for treatment of patients affected by wound healing disorders and cutaneous infections.