bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Performance of Combined Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Suspected Subclavian Steal Syndrome
Authors: Tsao Teng-Fu , Cheng Kai-Lun , Shen Chao-Yu , Wu Ming-Chi , Huang Hsin-Hui , Su Chun-Hung , Chen Fong-Lin , Tyan Yeu-Sheng , Lin Yung-Chang 
Published: January 2016

Purpose The study sought to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with suspected subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) using both contrast-enhanced (CE) MR angiography and phase-contrast (PC) MRI. Methods Fifteen suspected SSSs from 13 patients were evaluated using CE-MR angiography and PC-MRI. Ten patients also received dynamic CE-MR angiography. Results All MRI examinations were technically successful. By combining CE-MR angiography with PC-MRI, 10 SSSs were diagnosed in 9 patients. The delay enhancement dynamic technique predicted SSS with a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 57.1%, 100%, and 72.7%, respectively. Without the dynamic technique, affected delay-enhanced arteries were poorly visualized and could be mistaken for occluded vessels. Retrograde vertebral flow by PC-MRI was used to predict ipsilateral SSS with a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100%, 60%, and 86.7%, respectively. There were 2 false positives including 1 patient with a proximal total occlusion of the affected vertebral artery and another with brachiocephalic steal syndrome rather than SSS. This suggested that retrograde vertebral flow does not always indicate SSS. Conclusions CE-MR angiography combined with PC-MRI is efficacious when evaluating SSS in clinical practice.
How Competitive is the Canadian Diagnostic Radiology Residency Match? Application and Matching Trends from 1991-2014
Authors: Kenny Stephanie A. , Esmail Kaisra , Hibbert Rebecca M. , McInnes Matthew D.F. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose The study sought to evaluate application trends in Canadian diagnostic radiology residency programs and to assess the relative competitiveness of radiology as a specialty. Methods The Canadian Residency Matching Service Reports from 1991–2014 for Canadian graduates were used to extract the total residency positions and radiology residency positions, number of applicants to all specialties and to radiology, number of first-choice radiology applicants, number of unmatched radiology positions, and number of positions and applicants to each specialty. Ratios were calculated: radiology positions to applicants and first-choice applicants, first-choice radiology applicants to applicants for all specialties, and training positions to applicants in each specialty. Data trends and correlation coefficients were analysed. Results The number of radiology residency positions offered increased, with strong positive correlation (r = 0.91, P < .001), while the number of applicants increased with only a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.49, P = .03). Radiology was the most competitive in 1997, with a ratio of 0.32 positions/applicant. There was an increase of positions/applicant over time (decreasing competitiveness; r = 0.76, P < .001) but no change in positions/first-choice applicant (r = 0.11, P = .65). The highest percentage of applicants who ranked radiology as their first choice was in 2003 at 6.5% with a decrease in this percentage over time (r = −0.36, P = .13). Radiology is moderately competitive for positions/overall applicants and very competitive for positions/first-choice applicants compared to other specialties. Conclusions The number of radiology residency positions has increased while the number of applicants has not grown commensurately. The match was most competitive in 1997, and decreased in subsequent years. Possible reasons include job market, reimbursement, and work environment.
Monolithically integrated broad-band Mach-Zehnder interferometers for highly sensitive label-free detection of biomolecules through dual polarization optics
Authors: Psarouli A. , Salapatas A. , Botsialas A. , Petrou P. S. , Raptis I. , Makarona E. , Jobst G. , Tukkiniemi K. , Sopanen M. , Stoffer R. , Kakabakos S. E. , Misiakos K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractProtein detection and characterization based on Broad-band Mach-Zehnder Interferometry is analytically outlined and demonstrated through a monolithic silicon microphotonic transducer. Arrays of silicon light emitting diodes and monomodal silicon nitride waveguides forming Mach-Zehnder interferometers were integrated on a silicon chip. Broad-band light enters the interferometers and exits sinusoidally modulated with two distinct spectral frequencies characteristic of the two polarizations. Deconvolution in the Fourier transform domain makes possible the separation of the two polarizations and the simultaneous monitoring of the TE and the TM signals. The dual polarization analysis over a broad spectral band makes possible the refractive index calculation of the binding adlayers as well as the distinction of effective medium changes into cover medium or adlayer ones. At the same time, multi-analyte detection at concentrations in the pM range is demonstrated.
Neurogenic Fever after Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Savage Katherine E. , Oleson Christina V. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Sidhu Gursukhman S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. 
Published: January 2016

Study Design Systematic review. Objective To determine the incidence, pathogenesis, and clinical outcomes related to neurogenic fevers following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed on thermodysregulation secondary to acute traumatic SCI in adult patients. A literature search was performed using PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus. Using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven relevant articles were obtained. Results The incidence of fever of all origins (both known and unknown) after SCI ranged from 22.5 to 71.7% with a mean incidence of 50.6% and a median incidence of 50.0%. The incidence of fever of unknown origin (neurogenic fever) ranged from 2.6 to 27.8% with a mean incidence of 8.0% and a median incidence of 4.7%. Cervical and thoracic spinal injuries were more commonly associated with fever than lumbar injuries. In addition, complete injuries had a higher incidence of fever than incomplete injuries. The pathogenesis of neurogenic fever after acute SCI is not thoroughly understood. Conclusion Neurogenic fevers are relatively common following an acute SCI; however, there is little in the scientific literature to help physicians prevent or treat this condition. The paucity of research underscored by this review demonstrates the need for further studies with larger sample sizes, focusing on incidence rate, clinical outcomes, and pathogenesis of neurogenic fever following acute traumatic SCI.
Augmented trial designs for evaluation of principal surrogates
Authors: Gabriel Erin E. , Follmann Dean 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Observation of counterfactual intermediate responses, and evaluation of them as candidate surrogates, is complicated in a standard randomized trial as half of the responses are systematically missing by design. Although some augmentation procedures exist for obtaining counterfactual responses, they are specific to vaccine trials. We outline extensions to the existing augmentations and suggest augmentations of three trial designs outside the setting of vaccines. We outline the assumptions needed to identify the causal estimands of interest under each augmented design, under which standard likelihood-based methods can be used to evaluate intermediate responses as principal surrogates. Two of these designs, crossover and individual stepped-wedge, allow for the observation of clinical endpoints under both treatment and control for some subset of subjects and can therefore improve efficiency over standard parallel trial designs. The third, the treatment run-in design, allows for the observation of a baseline measure that may be as useful a surrogate as the true counterfactual intermediate response. As the evaluation methods rely on several assumptions, we also outline a remediation analysis, which can be used to help overcome assumption violations. We illustrate our suggested methods in an example from a drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment trial.
Spatio-temporal distribution of euphausiids: an important component to understanding ecosystem processes in the Gulf of Alaska and eastern Bering Sea
Authors: Simonsen Kirsten A. , Ressler Patrick H. , Rooper Christopher N. , Zador Stephani G. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Euphausiids (principally Thysanoessa spp.) are found in high abundance in both the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) and the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). They are an important part of these cold-water coastal and pelagic ecosystems as a key prey item for many species, including marine mammals, seabirds, and fish, forming an ecological link between primary production and higher trophic levels. Acoustic-trawl (AT) survey methods provide a means of monitoring euphausiid abundance and distribution over a large spatial scale. Four years of AT and bottom-trawl survey data (2003, 2005, 2011, and 2013) were available from consistently sampled areas around Kodiak Island, including Shelikof Strait, Barnabas Trough, and Chiniak Trough. We identified euphausiid backscatter using relative frequency response and targeted trawling, and created an annual index of abundance for euphausiids. This index has broad application, including use in the stock assessments for GOA walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and other species, as an ecosystem indicator, and to inform ecological research. We then used generalized additive models (GAMs) to examine the relationship between relative euphausiid abundance and potential predictors, including pollock abundance, temperature, bottom depth, and primary production. Model results were compared with an updated GAM of euphausiid abundance from the EBS to determine if the factors driving abundance and distribution were consistent between both systems. Temperature was not a strong predictor of euphausiid abundance in the GOA as in the EBS; warmer temperatures and lack of seasonal ice cover in the GOA may be a key difference between these ecosystems. Pollock abundance was significant in both the GOA and the EBS models, but was not a strongly negative predictor of euphausiid abundance in either system, a result not consistent with top-down control of euphausiid abundance.
Prognostic impact of average iodine density assessed by dual-energy spectral imaging for predicting lung tumor recurrence after stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Aoki Masahiko , Hirose Katsumi , Sato Mariko , Akimoto Hiroyoshi , Kawaguchi Hideo , Hatayama Yoshiomi , Fujioka Ichitaro , Tanaka Mitsuki , Ono Shuichi , Takai Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of average iodine density as assessed by dual-energy computed tomography (DE-CT) for lung tumors treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). From March 2011 to August 2014, 93 medically inoperable patients with 74 primary lung cancers and 19 lung metastases underwent DE-CT prior to SBRT of a total dose of 45–60 Gy in 5–10 fractions. Of these 93 patients, nine patients had two lung tumors. Thus, 102 lung tumors were included in this study. DE-CT was performed for pretreatment evaluation. Regions of interest were set for the entire tumor, and average iodine density was obtained using a dedicated imaging software and evaluated with regard to local control. The median follow-up period was 23.4 months (range, 1.5–54.5 months). The median value of the average iodine density was 1.86 mg/cm 3 (range, 0.40–9.27 mg/cm 3 ). Two-year local control rates for the high and low average iodine density groups divided by the median value of the average iodine density were 96.9% and 75.7% ( P = 0.006), respectively. Tumors with lower average iodine density showed a worse prognosis, possibly reflecting a hypoxic cell population in the tumor. The average iodine density exhibited a significant impact on local control. Our preliminary results indicate that iodine density evaluated using dual-energy spectral CT may be a useful, noninvasive and quantitative assessment of radio-resistance caused by presumably hypoxic cell populations in tumors.
Detection of Periodicity Based on Independence Tests – II. Improved Serial Independence Measure
Authors: Zucker Shay 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We introduce an improvement to a periodicity metric we have introduced in a previous paper. We improve on the Hoeffding-test periodicity metric, using the Blum–Kiefer–Rosenblatt (BKR) test. Besides a consistent improvement over the Hoeffding-test approach, the BKR approach turns out to perform superbly when applied to very short time series of sawtooth-like shapes. The expected astronomical implications are much more detections of RR-Lyrae stars and Cepheids in sparse photometric data bases, and of eccentric Keplerian radial-velocity (RV) curves, such as those of exoplanets in RV surveys.
Genotyping low-grade gliomas among Hispanics
Authors: Cardona Andrés Felipe , Rojas Leonardo , Wills Beatriz , Behaine José , Jiménez Enrique , Hakim Fernando , Useche Nicolás , Bermúdez Sonia , Arrieta Oscar , Mejía Juan Armando , Ramón Juan Fernando , Carranza Hernán , Vargas Carlos , Otero Jorge , González Diego , Rodríguez July , Ortiz León Darío , Cifuentes Hernando , Balaña Carmen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundLow-grade gliomas (LGGs) are classified by the World Health Organization as astrocytoma (DA), oligodendroglioma (OD), and mixed oligoastrocytoma (OA). TP53 mutation and 1p19q codeletion are the most-commonly documented molecular abnormalities. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1/2 mutations are frequent in LGGs; however, IDH-negative gliomas can also occur. Recent research suggests that ATRX plays a significant role in gliomagenesis.MethodsWe investigated p53 and Olig2 protein expression, and MGMT promoter methylation, 1p19q codeletion, IDH, and ATRX status in 63 Colombian patients with LGG. The overall survival (OS) rate was estimated and compared according to genotype.ResultsThe most common histology was DA, followed by OD and OA. IDH1/2 mutations were found in 57.1% and MGMT+ (positive status of MGMT promoter methylation methyl-guanyl-methyl-transferase gene) in 65.1% of patients, while overexpression of p53 and Olig2 was present in 30.2% and 44.4%, respectively, and 1p19q codeletion in 34.9% of the patients. Overexpression of ATRX was analyzed in 25 patients, 16% tested positive and were also mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase and negative 1p19q-codelition. The median follow-up was 15.8 months (95% CI, 7.6–42.0) and OS was 39.2 months (95% CI, 1.3–114). OS was positively and significantly affected by MGMT+, 1p19q codeletion, surgical intervention extent, and number of lobes involved. Multivariate analysis confirmed that MGMT methylation status and 1p19q codeletion affected OS.ConclusionsThis is the first study evaluating the molecular profile of Hispanic LGG patients. Findings confirmed the prognostic relevance of MGMT methylation and 1p19q codeletion, but do not support IDH1/2 mutation as a relevant marker. The latter may be explained by sample size and selection bias. ATRX alterations were limited to patients with DA and were mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase and negative 1p19q-codelition.
Minocycline-Induced Cutaneous Hyperpigmentation in an Orthopedic Patient Population
Authors: Hanada Yuri , Berbari Elie F. , Steckelberg James M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background.  The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence and evaluate risk factors for development of minocycline-induced cutaneous hyperpigmentation in patients with orthopedic infections.
Methods.  Patients with orthopedic infections evaluated at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) and treated with minocycline from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2011 were retrospectively identified. Long-term minocycline suppression was defined as daily minocycline use for at least 3 months. A proportional hazards model was used to evaluate potential risk factors.
Results.  Of 291 patients receiving long-term minocycline suppression, 54% (156 of 291) developed hyperpigmentation after a mean follow-up of 4.8 years (range, 0.3–13.2 years); 88% involved blue-gray pigmentation of normal skin that appeared most commonly in the lower (75%) and upper extremities (44%). The mean duration of minocycline therapy before hyperpigmentation was 1.5 years (range, 0.1–9 years) with a mean cumulative dosage of 107.3 g (range, 8.6–657 g). Notable risk factors include a history of vitamin D deficiency (relative risk [RR], 6.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.91–15.27; P = .0052), presence of a shoulder prosthesis (RR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.23–6.56; P = .0062), noncirrhotic liver pathology (RR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.11–8.75; P = .0359), and use of a concurrent medication also known to cause hyperpigmentation (RR, 4.75; 95% CI, 1.83–10.1; P = .0029).
Conclusions.  Hyperpigmentation associated with the use of long-term minocycline suppression in patients with orthopedic infections is common.
Immune Control Despite Protracted Lymphopenia After Chemoradiation in an Elite Controller
Authors: Reiss Kim A. , Jackson Dvone C. , Piotrowski Anna , Grossman Stuart , Blankson Joel N. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Elite controllers are human immunodeficiency virus-1–positive individuals capable of sustaining undetectable viral loads without treatment. We present the case of an elite controller diagnosed with extensive stage small cell lung cancer who maintained a viral load of &lt;20 copies/mL despite the development of severe treatment-related lymphopenia.
Chao Yuanfang: Imperial Physician of the Sui Dynasty and an Early Pertussis Observer?
Authors: Liang Yan , Salim Abdulbaset M. , Wu Wendy , Kilgore Paul E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEarly Chinese texts contain extensive disease descriptions, including various texts that contain descriptions of modern-day conditions. During the Sui Dynasty, a leading scholar, Chao Yuanfang, may have authored a leading treatise 1400 years ago. Although these texts are the subject of ongoing research, evidence suggests that a clinical syndrome consistent with pertussis was observed in ancient China.
Use of Intensive Care Services for Medicare Beneficiaries Undergoing Major Surgical Procedures
Authors: Wunsch Hannah , Gershengorn Hayley B. , Cooke Colin R. , Guerra Carmen , Angus Derek C. , Rowe John W. , Li Guohua 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAbstract
For a large cohort of patients undergoing selected major surgical procedures, there was a wide variation in intensive care unit utilization for each procedure, with no relation to mortality. Greater systematic use of intensive care for older surgical patients in the United States undergoing selected major surgeries does not improve survival outcomes.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background
Use of intensive care after major surgical procedures and whether routinely admitting patients to intensive care units (ICUs) improve outcomes or increase costs is unknown.

Methods
The authors examined frequency of admission to an ICU during the hospital stay for Medicare beneficiaries undergoing selected major surgical procedures: elective endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair, cystectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, esophagectomy, and elective open AAA repair. The authors compared hospital mortality, length of stay, and Medicare payments for patients receiving each procedure in hospitals admitting patients to the ICU less than 50% of the time (low use), 50 to 89% (moderate use), and 90% or greater (high use), adjusting for patient and hospital factors.

Results
The cohort ranged from 7,878 patients in 162 hospitals for esophagectomies to 69,989 patients in 866 hospitals for endovascular AAA. Overall admission to ICU ranged from 35.6% (endovascular AAA) to 71.3% (open AAA). Admission to ICU across hospitals ranged from less than 5% to 100% of patients for each surgical procedure. There was no association between hospital use of intensive care and mortality for any of the five surgical procedures. There was a consistent association between high use of intensive care with longer length of hospital stay and higher Medicare payments only for endovascular AAA.

Conclusions
There is little consensus regarding the need for intensive care for patients undergoing major surgical procedures and no relationship between a hospital’s use of intensive care and hospital mortality. There is also no consistent relationship across surgical procedures between use of intensive care and either length of hospital stay or payments for care.
Effect of Inhalational Anesthetics and Positive-pressure Ventilation on Ultrasound Assessment of the Great Vessels
Authors: Lin Elaina E. , Chen Aaron E. , Panebianco Nova , Conlon Thomas , Ju Na Rae , Carlson Dustin , Kopenitz Jason , Nishisaki Akira 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAbstract
Inhalational anesthesia decreased the inferior vena cava (IVC)/aorta ratio but did not change the IVC diameter in response to respiratory variation in healthy children receiving general anesthesia. The initiation of positive-pressure ventilation significantly increased the IVC/aorta ratio and decreased the IVC diameter in response to respiratory variation. There was no change in the IVC/aorta ratio or the IVC diameter in response to respiratory variation with subsequent incremental increases in peak inspiratory pressure or positive end-expiratory pressure.

Background
Bedside ultrasound has emerged as a rapid, noninvasive tool for assessment and monitoring of fluid status in children. The inferior vena cava (IVC) varies in size with changes in blood volume and intrathoracic pressure, but the magnitude of change to the IVC with inhalational anesthetic and positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) is unknown.

Methods
Prospective observational study of 24 healthy children aged 1 to 12 yr scheduled for elective surgery. Ultrasound images of the IVC and aorta were recorded at five time points: awake; spontaneous ventilation with sevoflurane by mask; intubated with peak inspiratory pressure/positive end-expiratory pressure of 15/0, 20/5, and 25/10 cm H2O. A blinded investigator measured IVC/aorta ratios (IVC/Ao) and changes in IVC diameter due to respiratory variation (IVC-RV) from the recorded videos.

Results
Inhalational anesthetic decreased IVC/Ao (1.1 ± 0.3 vs. 0.6 ± 0.2; P < 0.001) but did not change IVC-RV (median, 43%; interquartile range [IQR], 36 to 58% vs. 46%; IQR, 36 to 66%; P > 0.99). The initiation of PPV increased IVC/Ao (0.64 ± 0.21 vs. 1.16 ± 0.27; P < 0.001) and decreased IVC-RV (median, 46%; IQR, 36 to 66% vs. 9%; IQR, 4 to 14%; P < 0.001). There was no change in either IVC/Ao or IVC-RV with subsequent incremental increases in peak inspiratory pressure/positive end-expiratory pressure (P > 0.99 for both).

Conclusions
Addition of inhalational anesthetic affects IVC/Ao but not IVC-RV, and significant changes in IVC/Ao and IVC-RV occur with initiation of PPV in healthy children. Clinicians should be aware of these expected vascular changes when managing patients. Establishing these IVC parameters will enable future studies to better evaluate these measurements as tools for diagnosing hypovolemia or predicting fluid responsiveness.