bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β-Glucanase Activity of the Oral Bacterium Tannerella forsythia Contributes to the Growth of a Partner Species, Fusobacterium nucleatum, in Cobiofilms
Authors: Honma Kiyonobu , Ruscitto Angela , Sharma Ashu 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Tannerella forsythia
and
Fusobacterium nucleatum
are dental plaque bacteria implicated in the development of periodontitis. These two species have been shown to form synergistic biofilms and have been found to be closely associated in dental plaque biofilms. A number of genetic loci for TonB-dependent membrane receptors (TDR) for glycan acquisition, with many existing in association with genes coding for enzymes involved in the breakdown of complex glycans, have been identified in
T. forsythia
. In this study, we focused on a locus, BFO_0186-BFO_0188, that codes for a predicted TDR-SusD transporter along with a putative β-glucan hydrolyzing enzyme (BFO_0186). This operon is located immediately downstream of a 2-gene operon that codes for a putative stress-responsive extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor and an anti-sigma factor. Here, we show that BFO_0186 expresses a β-glucanase that cleaves glucans with β-1,6 and β-1,3 linkages. Furthermore, the BFO_0186-BFO_0188 locus is upregulated, with an induction of β-glucanase activity, in cobiofilms of
T. forsythia
and
F. nucleatum
. The β-glucanase activity in mixed biofilms in turn leads to an enhanced hydrolysis of β-glucans and release of glucose monomers and oligomers as nutrients for
F. nucleatum
. In summary, our study highlights the role of
T. forsythia
β-glucanase expressed by the asaccharolytic oral bacterium
T. forsythia
in the development of
T. forsythia-F. nucleatum
mixed species biofilms, and suggest that dietary β-glucans might contribute in plaque development and periodontal disease pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
The development of dental plaque biofilm is a complex process in which metabolic, chemical and physical interactions between bacteria take a central role. Previous studies have shown that the dental pathogens
T. forsythia
and
F. nucleatum
form synergistic biofilms and are closely associated in human dental plaque. In this study, we show that β-glucanase from the periodontal pathogen
T. forsythia
plays a role in the formation of
T. forsythia
-
F. nucleatum
cobiofilms by hydrolyzing β-glucans to glucose as a nutrient. We also unveiled that the expression of
T. forsythia
β-glucanase is induced in response to
F. nucleatum
sensing. This study highlights the involvement of β-glucanase activity in the development of
T. forsythia-F. nucleatum
biofilms and suggests that intake of dietary β-glucans might be a contributing risk factor in plaque development and periodontal disease pathogenesis.
F-Specific RNA Bacteriophages, Especially Members of Subgroup II, Should Be Reconsidered as Good Indicators of Viral Pollution of Oysters
Authors: Hartard C. , Leclerc M. , Rivet R. , Maul A. , Loutreul J. , Banas S. , Boudaud N. , Gantzer C. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks linked to oyster consumption. In this study, we investigated the potential of F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPH) as indicators of viral contamination in oysters by focusing especially on FRNAPH subgroup II (FRNAPH-II). These viral indicators have been neglected because their behavior is sometimes different from that of NoV in shellfish, especially during the depuration processes usually performed before marketing. However, a significant bias needs to be taken into account. This bias is that, in the absence of routine culture methods, NoV is targeted by genome detection, while the presence of FRNAPH is usually investigated by isolation of infectious particles. In this study, by targeting both viruses using genome detection, a significant correlation between the presence of FRNAPH-II and that of NoV in shellfish collected from various European harvesting areas impacted by fecal pollution was observed. Moreover, during their depuration, while the long period of persistence of NoV was confirmed, a similar or even longer period of persistence of the FRNAPH-II genome, which was over 30 days, was observed. Such a striking genome persistence calls into question the relevance of molecular methods for assessing viral hazards. Targeting the same virus (i.e., FRNAPH-II) by culture and genome detection in specimens from harvesting areas as well as during depuration, we concluded that the presence of genomes in shellfish does not provide any information on the presence of the corresponding infectious particles. In view of these results, infectious FRNAPH detection should be reconsidered as a valuable indicator in oysters, and its potential for use in assessing viral hazard needs to be investigated.

IMPORTANCE
This work brings new data about the behavior of viruses in shellfish, as well as about the relevance of molecular methods for their detection and evaluation of the viral hazard. First, a strong correlation between the presence of F-specific RNA bacteriophages of subgroup II (FRNAPH-II) and that of norovirus (NoV) in shellfish impacted by fecal contamination has been observed when both viruses are detected using molecular approaches. Second, when reverse transcription-PCR and culture are used to detect FRNAPH-II in shellfish, it appears that the genomes of the viruses present a longer period of persistence than infectious virus, and thus, virus genome detection fails to give information about the concomitant presence of infectious viruses. Finally, this study shows that FRNAPH persist at least as long as NoV does. These data are major arguments to reconsider the potential of FRNAPH as indicators of shellfish viral quality.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Brazilian Cyanobacterial Strains of
Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii
: Differences in Membrane Transporters, Saxitoxin Production, and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Hoffmann Luísa , Ramos Ravi José Tristão , Guedes Iame Alves , Costa Pamela Fernandes , Miguel Catarina Rufino Diniz , Azevedo Sandra Maria Feliciano de Oliveira e , Silva Rosane 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequences of two Brazilian strains of
Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii
, a saxitoxin-producer (CYRF) and a non-saxitoxin producer (CYLP), with each strain comprising one assembled scaffold. We revealed differences in the compositions of gene members coding for membrane transporters and antioxidant activities between the strains.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Alteromonas
Virus vB_AspP-H4/4
Authors: Kallies René , Kiesel Bärbel , Zopfi Jakob , Wick Lukas Y. , Chatzinotas Antonis 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Alteromonas
virus vB_AspP-H4/4 is a member of the
Podoviridae
family and was isolated from North Sea water in the 1970s. The complete double-stranded DNA genome has 47,631 bp with 49 predicted genes.
Draft Nuclear Genome Sequence of the Halophilic and Beta-Carotene-Accumulating Green Alga
Dunaliella salina
Strain CCAP19/18
Authors: Polle Juergen E. W. , Barry Kerrie , Cushman John , Schmutz Jeremy , Tran Duc , Hathwaik Leyla T. , Yim Won C. , Jenkins Jerry , McKie-Krisberg Zaid , Prochnik Simon , Lindquist Erika , Dockter Rhyan B. , Adam Catherine , Molina Henrik , Bunkenborg Jakob , Jin EonSeon , Buchheim Mark , Magnuson Jon 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

The halotolerant alga
Dunaliella salina
is a model for stress tolerance and is used commercially for production of beta-carotene (=pro-vitamin A). The presented draft genome of the genuine strain CCAP19/18 will allow investigations into metabolic processes involved in regulation of stress responses, including carotenogenesis and adaptations to life in high-salinity environments.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain ITEM 17298, Associated with Cheese Spoilage
Authors: Fanelli Francesca , Liuzzi Vania C. , Quintieri Laura , Mulè Giuseppina , Baruzzi Federico , Logrieco Antonio F. , Caputo Leonardo 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas fluorescens
is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous species that is often reported as a spoiler of fresh foods, but it has recently been implicated in clinical infection. In this study, we sequenced the genome of
P. fluorescens
strain ITEM 17298, isolated from mozzarella cheese and able to cause several alterations under cold storage.
Genome Sequence of Geobacillus stearothermophilus DSM 458, an Antimicrobial-Producing Thermophilic Bacterium, Isolated from a Sugar Beet Factory
Authors: Egan Kevin , Kelleher Philip , Field Des , Rea Mary C. , Ross R. Paul , Cotter Paul D. , Hill Colin 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

This paper reports the full genome sequence of the antimicrobial-producing bacterium
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
DSM 458, isolated in a sugar beet factory in Austria.
In silico
analysis reveals the presence of a number of novel bacteriocin biosynthetic genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Arsenic-Resistant
Microbacterium
sp. Strain SZ1 Isolated from Arsenic-Bearing Gold Ores
Authors: Mohd Bahari Zaratulnur , Ibrahim Zaharah , Jaafar Jafariah , Shahir Shafinaz 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Microbacterium
sp. strain SZ1 isolated from gold ores of a Malaysia gold mine was found to be highly resistant to arsenic. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of SZ1, which may provide further insights into understanding its arsenic resistance mechanism. In this draft genome, a complete set of
ars
operons and two additional scattered
ars
genes were encoded.
Whole-Genome Sequence of the Fruiting Myxobacterium Cystobacter fuscus DSM 52655
Authors: Treuner-Lange Anke , Bruckskotten Marc , Rupp Oliver , Goesmann Alexander , Søgaard-Andersen Lotte 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Among myxobacteria, the genus
Cystobacter
is known not only for fruiting body formation but also for formation of secondary metabolites, such as cystobactamids and cystothiazols. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of the
Cystobacter fuscus
strain DSM 52655, which comprises 12,349,744 bp and 9,836 putative protein-coding sequences.
Draft Whole-Genome Sequence of Psychrotrophic
Arthrobacter
sp. Strain 7749, Isolated from Antarctic Marine Sediments with Applications in Enantioselective Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: Sastre Diego E. , Santos Leidaiany P. , Kagohara Edna , Andrade Leandro H. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the 4.12-Mb draft genome sequence of
Arthrobacter
sp. strain 7749, isolated from marine sediment samples of the Antarctic Peninsula, using enriched medium with (
RS
)-1-(4-phenyl)-ethanol as a carbon source. This genome sequence will provide relevant information for applications in enantioselective alcohol oxidation to improve industrial catalytic processes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Rhodococcus enclensis 23b-28, a Model Strain Isolated from Cloud Water
Authors: Lallement A. , Besaury L. , Eyheraguibel B. , Amato P. , Sancelme M. , Mailhot G. , Delort A. M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

The whole genome of
Rhodococcus enclensis
23b-28, a bacterial strain isolated from cloud water, was sequenced. This microorganism is equipped with genes able to degrade aromatic compounds and could thus play a role in complex organic matter decomposition in cloud water.
Novel associations of bile acid diarrhoea with fatty liver disease and gallstones: a cohort retrospective analysis
Authors: Appleby Richard N , Nolan Jonathan D , Johnston Ian M , Pattni Sanjeev S , Fox Jessica , Walters Julian RF 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundBile acid diarrhoea (BAD) is a common cause of chronic diarrhoea with a population prevalence of primary BAD around 1%. Previous studies have identified associations with low levels of the ileal hormone fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), obesity and hypertriglyceridaemia. The aim of this study was to identify further associations of BAD.MethodsA cohort of patients with chronic diarrhoea who underwent75selenohomocholic acid taurate (SeHCAT) testing for BAD was further analysed retrospectively. Additional clinical details available from the electronic patient record, including imaging, colonoscopy, chemistry and histopathology reports were used to calculate the prevalence of fatty liver disease, gallstones, colonic neoplasia and microscopic colitis, which was compared for BAD, the primary BAD subset and control patients with diarrhoea.FindingsOf 578 patients, 303 (52%) had BAD, defined as a SeHCAT 7d retention value <15%, with 179 (31%) having primary BAD. 425 had an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) recorded, 184 had liver imaging and 176 had both. Overall, SeHCAT values were negatively associated with ALT (rs=−0.19, p<0.0001). Patients with BAD had an OR of 3.1 for an ALT >31 ng/mL with imaging showing fatty liver (p<0.001); similar figures occurred in the primary BAD group. FGF19 was not significantly related to fatty liver but low levels were predictive of ALT >40 IU/L. In 176 subjects with gallbladder imaging, 27% had gallstones, 7% had a prior cholecystectomy and 34% either of these. The median SeHCAT values were lower in those with gallstones (3.8%, p<0.0001), or gallstones/cholecystectomy (7.2%, p<0.001), compared with normal gallbladder imaging (14%). Overall, BAD had an OR of 2.0 for gallstones/cholecystectomy (p<0.05). BAD was not significantly associated with colonic adenoma/carcinoma or with microscopic colitis.InterpretationThe diagnosis of BAD is associated with fatty liver disease and with gallstones. The reasons for these associations require further investigation into potential metabolic causes.
Variation in neonatal mortality and its relation to country characteristics in sub-Saharan Africa: an ecological study
Authors: Kayode Gbenga Ayodele , Grobbee Diederick E , Amoakoh-Coleman Mary , Ansah Evelyn , Uthman Olalekan A , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundA substantial reduction in neonatal mortality is the main priority to reduce under-five mortality. A clear understanding of the variation in neonatal mortality and the underlying causes is important for targeted intervention. We aimed to explore variation in neonatal mortality and identify underlying causes of variation in neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodsThis ecological study used 2012 publicly available data from WHO, the US Agency for International Development and the World Bank. Variation in neonatal mortality across 49 SSA countries was examined using control chart and explanatory spatial data analysis. Associations between country-level characteristics and neonatal mortality were examined using linear regression analysis.ResultsThe control chart showed that 28 (57%) SSA countries exhibited special-cause variation, 14 countries were below and 14 above the 99.8% control-limits. The remaining 21 (43%) SSA countries showed common-cause variation. No spatial clustering was observed for neonatal mortality (Global Moran’s I statistic −0.10; p=0.74). Linear regression analysis showed HIV/AIDS prevalence among the population of reproductive age to be positively associated with neonatal mortality (β=0.463; 95% CI 0.135 to 0.790; p<0.01). Declining socioeconomic deprivation (β=−0.234; 95% CI −0.424 to −0.044; p<0.05) and high quality of healthcare governance (β=−1.327, 95% CI −2.073 to −0.580; p<0.01) were inversely associated with neonatal mortality.ConclusionThis study shows a wide variation in neonatal mortality in SSA. A substantial part of this variation can be explained by differences in the quality of healthcare governance, prevalence of HIV and socioeconomic deprivation. Future studies should validate our findings using more rigorous epidemiological study designs.
Cost-effectiveness of the faecal immunochemical test at a range of positivity thresholds compared with the guaiac faecal occult blood test in the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme in England
Authors: Murphy Jacqueline , Halloran Stephen , Gray Alastair 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesThrough the National Health Service (NHS) Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP), men and women in England aged between 60 and 74 years are invited for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening every 2 years using the guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBT). The aim of this analysis was to estimate the cost–utility of the faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin (FIT) compared with gFOBT for a cohort beginning screening aged 60 years at a range of FIT positivity thresholds.DesignWe constructed a cohort-based Markov state transition model of CRC disease progression and screening. Screening uptake, detection, adverse event, mortality and cost data were taken from BCSP data and national sources, including a recent large pilot study of FIT screening in the BCSP.ResultsOur results suggest that FIT is cost-effective compared with gFOBT at all thresholds, resulting in cost savings and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained over a lifetime time horizon. FIT was cost-saving (p<0.001) and resulted in QALY gains of 0.014 (95% CI 0.012 to 0.017) at the base case threshold of 180 µg Hb/g faeces. Greater health gains and cost savings were achieved as the FIT threshold was decreased due to savings in cancer management costs. However, at lower thresholds, FIT was also associated with more colonoscopies (increasing from 32 additional colonoscopies per 1000 people invited for screening for FIT 180 µg Hb/g faeces to 421 additional colonoscopies per 1000 people invited for screening for FIT 20 µg Hb/g faeces over a 40-year time horizon). Parameter uncertainty had limited impact on the conclusions.ConclusionsThis is the first published economic analysis of FIT screening in England using data directly comparing FIT with gFOBT in the NHS BSCP. These results for a cohort starting screening aged 60 years suggest that FIT is highly cost-effective at all thresholds considered. Further modelling is needed to estimate economic outcomes for screening across all age cohorts simultaneously.
An abnormal structure of the left ventricle
Authors: Kang Yu , Li Zheng , He Ben 
Published: October 2017

CLINICAL INTRODUCTIONA 36-year-old man was referred for evaluation of an abnormal left ventricular (LV) structure found incidentally on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) (figure 1). He had no symptoms except for mild palpitations. There was no significant medical history. Physical examination was unremarkable. ECG showed regular sinus rhythm with ST changes in lead II, III, avF and V6 (see online supplementary file 1). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) (figure 1C) was performed. Treadmill exercise test did not demonstrate any electrocardiographic ischaemic changes. No arrhythmias were noted on Holter monitor. Which of the following is most likely the diagnosis?Supplementary file 1Figure 1Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). (A) Parasternal left ventricular longitudinal axis view of TTE; (B) colour Doppler of parasternal left ventricular longitudinal axis view of TTE; (C) left ventricular longitudinal axis view of CMR.QuestionsA: Lateral and inferolateral myocardial infarctionB: Congenital absence of pericardiumC: PseudoaneurysmD: Congenital left ventricular outpouching
Hyponatraemia and its prognosis in acute heart failure is related to right ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Lee Heesun , Lee Sang Eun , Park Chan Soon , Park Jin Joo , Lee Ga Yeon , Kim Min-Seok , Choi Jin-Oh , Cho Hyun-jai , Lee Hae-Young , Choi Dong-Ju , Jeon Eun-Seok , Kim Jae-Joong , Oh Byung-Hee 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesHyponatraemia is a well-known predictor of clinical outcomes in heart failure (HF). However, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Previous reports suggest that hyponatraemia is related to right HF. We sought to evaluate the association between right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and hyponatraemia, and the impact of this relationship on the prognosis of patients with acute heart failure (AHF).MethodsThis is a nested case–control study of the Korean Acute Heart Failure registry. Among 2935 AHF patients enrolled prospectively and consecutively at four tertiary hospitals in Korea from 2011 to 2014, 116 patients with severe persistent hyponatraemia, defined as serum sodium level <130 mmol/L at admission and <135 mmol/L before discharge, were matched with 232 controls, based on propensity scores for hyponatraemia. RV function was assessed with fractional area change (FAC) by echocardiography.ResultsRV dysfunction (FAC <35%) was more prevalent in patients with severe persistent hyponatraemia than in those without (81.0% vs 33.6%, p<0.001). Hyponatraemia was strongly associated with RV dysfunction (adjusted OR 8.00, 95% CI 4.50 to 14.22, p<0.001), but not with left ventricular dysfunction (adjusted OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.50, p=0.308). RV dysfunction was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, after adjustment for hyponatraemia (adjusted HR 2.20, 95% CI 1.53 to 3.15, p<0.001), while hyponatraemia was not (adjusted HR 1.33, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.87, p=0.108).ConclusionsIn patients with AHF, hyponatraemia was more common with RV dysfunction. RV dysfunction, rather than hyponatraemia, was more significantly related with patients’ prognosis. Thus, the utility of RV dysfunction instead of hyponatraemia per se should be considered in HF risk models.Trial registration numberKorean Acute Heart Failure registry NCT01389843; Results.
Can we predict development of impulsive–compulsive behaviours in Parkinson’s disease?
Authors: Ricciardi Lucia , Lambert Christian , De Micco Rosa , Morgante Francesca , Edwards Mark 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo determine clinical and structural imaging predictors of impulsive–compulsive behaviour (ICB) in de novo Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsFrom a cohort of 1116 subjects from the Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative database, we created a subcohort of 42 de novo PD without ICB at baseline with available 3T MRI and who developed ICB during follow-up. PD-ICB were matched for age, gender and disease duration to 42 patients with PD without ICB over follow-up (PD-no-ICB) and 42 healthy controls (HCs). Baseline demographic and clinical predictors of ICB were analysed. For the longitudinal neuroimaging analysis, we selected 27 patients with PD-ICB with available neuroimaging after ICB onset, who were matched with 32 PD-no-ICB and 35 HCs. Baseline and longitudinal structural differences were compared using voxel-based morphometry and voxel-based quantification.ResultsPeople who went on to develop ICB had more severe anxiety, worse autonomic and global cognitive functions and were more likely to have rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Logistic regression confirmed that worse autonomic and cognitive functions were predictors of ICB. We could not find any morphological feature on baseline MRI that predicted later onset of ICB. When comparing PD groups at follow-up, a small region of increased atrophy in the anterior limb of the left internal capsule adjacent to the head of the left caudate nucleus was found in PD-ICB, but not surviving correction for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsWorse autonomic and cognitive functions predict development of ICB at the time of PD diagnosis. Structural imaging fails to identify morphological features associated with the development of ICB.