bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrochlorothiazide and acute urinary acidification: The “voltage hypothesis” of ENaC‐dependent H+ secretion refuted
Authors: Ayasse N. , de Bruijn P. I. A. , Berg P. , Sørensen M. V. , Leipziger J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThe “voltage hypothesis” of H+ secretion states that urinary acidification following increased Na+ delivery to the collecting duct (CD) is ENaC dependent leading to transepithelial voltage‐dependent increase in H+ secretion. We recently showed that furosemide acidifies the urine independently of ENaC activity. If the voltage hypothesis holds, hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) must acidify the urine. We here tested the acute effect of HCT on urine pH under normal and high ENaC expression.MethodsMice subjected to a control or a low‐Na+ diet were anesthetized and infused (0.5 mL h−1) with saline. Catheterization of the urinary bladder allowed real‐time measurement of diuresis and urine pH. Mice received either HCT (1 mg mL−1) or vehicle. Urinary Na+ and K+ excretions were determined by flame photometry. ENaC expression levels were measured by semi‐quantitative Western blotting.Results(1) HCT increased diuresis and natriuresis in both diet groups. (2) K+ excretion rates increased after HCT administration from 18.6 ± 1.3 to 31.7 ± 2.5 μmol h−1 in the control diet group and from 23.0 ± 1.3 to 48.7 ± 3.0 μmol h−1 in the low‐Na+ diet group. (3) Mice fed a low‐Na+ diet showed a marked upregulation of ENaC. (4) Importantly, no acute changes in urine pH were observed after the administration of HCT in either group.ConclusionAcute administration of HCT has no effect on urine pH. Similarly, substantial functional and molecular upregulation of ENaC did not cause HCT to acutely change urine pH. Thus, an increased Na+ load to the CD does not alter urine pH. This supports our previous finding and likely falsifies the voltage hypothesis of H+ secretion.
Post‐intervention sustainability of a brief psycho‐educational support group intervention for family caregivers of cancer patients
Authors: Tan Joyce Y. S. , Lam Kevin F. Y. , Lim Haikel A. , Chua Shi Min , Kua Ee Heok , Griva Konstadina , Mahendran Rathi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionFamily caregivers of cancer patients experience many negative effects due to the heavy responsibility involved. Although various psychosocial interventions have been found to improve caregivers' quality of life (QOL), the sustainability of the benefits of these interventions over time has been less consistently investigated and hence less clearly established. Extending previous research on the immediate post‐intervention effects, this study aims to examine the trajectories of change in caregivers QOL over an 8‐week follow‐up period.MethodsCaregivers of patients attending an outpatient clinic at a cancer center in Singapore were recruited. Participants had to fulfill the following criteria: (a) between 21 and 74 years; (b) willing to attend hour‐long weekly programs for 4 weeks; (c) able to understand, speak, and read English; (d) a family member living with and providing care and support for the patient; and (e) provide written informed consent. Participants completed the Caregiver QOL–Cancer scale at baseline, immediately post‐intervention, and at 4 and 8 weeks after the end of the intervention. Data from 56 participants were analyzed.ResultsMajority of participants exhibited a stable trajectory of change in their QOL, while a small number of participants either improved or declined.DiscussionUnderstanding the sustainability of the effects of the intervention is important in determining the need to initiate periodic “booster” sessions to provide consistent support for caregivers. Further research could investigate the sustainability over an even longer period, as well as intra‐individual change trajectories using growth modeling among a larger sample.
Interpersonal predictors of stress generation: Is there a super factor?
Authors: Shih Josephine H. , Barstead Matthew G. , Dianno Nicole 
Published: December 2017

Hammen's (1991, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 555–561) seminal paper on stress generation highlighted the reciprocal relationship between stress and depression. Not only does stress predict depression, but women with a diagnosis of depression also experienced subsequent increased levels of stress. In the ensuing years, depression researchers have moved beyond clinical predictors and examined whether depression vulnerability factors also contribute to stress generation. This interest has led to a growing focus on interpersonal vulnerability factors that contribute to stress generation. To date, the research examining interpersonal predictors of stress generation has tended to examine vulnerability factors singly and thus potential overlap and unique predictions among vulnerability factors have not been determined. This study examines interpersonal vulnerability factors from various schools of thought (dependency, attachment, and unmitigated communion) as predictors of interpersonal stress generation. Three hundred and sixty‐four young adults completed baseline measures of interpersonal vulnerabilities and provided weekly reports of depressive symptoms and stressful life events. Multilevel models were estimated to examine their unique predictions of interpersonal stress generation. Despite converging theories, there does not appear to be a single super factor. Of the interpersonal vulnerability factors tested, anxious attachment emerged as a consistent predictor of interpersonal stress generation both when examined singly and when in combination with related variables.
Data assimilation for a geological process model using the ensemble Kalman filter
Authors: Skauvold Jacob , Eidsvik Jo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe consider the problem of conditioning a geological process‐based computer simulation, which produces basin models by simulating transport and deposition of sediments, to data. Emphasising uncertainty quantification, we frame this as a Bayesian inverse problem, and propose to characterise the posterior probability distribution of the geological quantities of interest by using a variant of the ensemble Kalman filter, an estimation method which linearly and sequentially conditions realisations of the system state to data. A test case involving synthetic data is used to assess the performance of the proposed estimation method, and to compare it with similar approaches. We further apply the method to a more realistic test case, involving real well data from the Colville foreland basin, North Slope, Alaska.
Do flood pulses structure amphibian communities in floodplain environments?
Authors: Ramalho Werther Pereira , Machado Iberê Farina , Vieira Lisandro Juno Soares 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBeta diversity can provide insights into the processes that regulate communities subjected to frequent disturbances, such as flood pulses, which control biodiversity in floodplains. However, little is known about which processes structure beta diversity of amphibians in floodplains. Here, we tested the influence of flood pulses on the richness, composition, and beta diversity of amphibians in Amazonian floodplain environments. We also evaluated indicator species for each environment. We established linear transects in three environments: low várzea, high várzea, and macrophyte rafts. Species richness decreased and beta diversity increased according to the susceptibility of habitats to flood pulses. Indicator species differed among environments according to forest succession promoted by the flood pulse. The decrease in species richness between high and low várzea is due to non‐random extinctions. The higher rates of species turnover between várzeas and macrophyte rafts are driven by the colonization of species adapted to open areas. Our results highlight that the maintenance of complex environments is needed to protect biodiversity in floodplains.
Immigration and the path dependence of education: the case of German‐speakers in São Paulo, Brazil (1840–1920)
Authors: Witzel de Souza Bruno Gabriel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article studies the path dependence of human capital accumulation in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It focuses on the impacts of German‐speaking immigrants on education through three channels: their share of the population in the nineteenth century, their on‐the‐job skills, and the schools they founded. Using a new dataset based on almanacs from 1873 and 1888, these effects are evaluated for the nineteenth, early twentieth, and early twenty‐first centuries. The article shows that the institutionalized demand for education of these immigrants, reflected by the establishment of schools, was their main contribution to the accumulation of human capital. The effect of German schools on educational levels required a period to mature and dissipated over time. Nevertheless, its influence was substantial at the beginning of the twentieth century, affecting enrolment levels in private and state schools, a result that suggests the existence of spillover and contagion effects. Moreover, current indicators for stocks and flows of human capital in São Paulo are strongly associated with their historical levels. At the same time, this path dependence is conditional on the type of school: while a positive persistence is found for the private system throughout the twentieth century, convergence occurred in state schools.
Supporting Family Caregivers of Advanced Cancer Patients: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Nissim Rinat , Hales Sarah , Zimmermann Camilla , Deckert Amy , Edwards Beth , Rodin Gary 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveAs the first stage in developing an intervention for family caregivers of individuals with advanced cancer, we conducted a focus group study to understand their needs.BackgroundFamily caregivers play an important role in the care of advanced cancer patients. Despite substantial burden and distress experienced by family caregivers of individuals with advanced cancer, their needs are not addressed systematically.MethodThe study took place at a large urban cancer center in Canada. We conducted 2 focus groups: one with 7 current family caregivers, the other with 7 bereaved caregivers. Participants were asked about their support needs while providing care, how and when they preferred to receive support, and the perceived barriers and facilitators to addressing their support needs. Responses were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method.ResultsFamily caregivers wished for support in relation to 3 domains: decision‐making in the face of uncertainty, information about death and dying, and current and anticipated emotional distress. They identified 3 barriers to receiving support: the organization of cancer care around the patient, rather than the family; the timing of information provision; and caregivers' tendency to dismiss their own needs. Caregivers expressed a strong need for caregiver‐specific support.ConclusionThis study allowed us to identify caregiver‐perceived intervention needs, barriers to access and continuity of intervention, and suggestions for intervention design.ImplicationsThis information is of value to inform the design of interventions for this population.
Concomitant impacts of climate change, fragmentation and non‐native species have led to reorganization of fish communities since the 1980s
Authors: Kuczynski Lucie , Legendre Pierre , Grenouillet Gaël 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimIn response to climate change, species distribution shifts resulting from local extinctions, colonizations and variations in population abundances potentially lead to community‐level reorganizations. Here, we assess changes over time in stream fish communities, quantify the extent to which these changes are attributable to population declines or increases and identify their main drivers.LocationFrance.Time period1980–2012.Major taxa studiedStream fish species.MethodsWe used abundance‐monitoring data to quantify changes in composition and uniqueness for 332 stream fish communities between a cold historical period (1980–1993) and a warm contemporary period (2004–2012). Then, we used a model‐averaging procedure to test the impacts of factors related to climate, land use and non‐native species density and their interacting effects in shaping community reorganization.ResultsWe observed biotic homogenization over time in stream fish communities, although some communities experienced differentiation. Changes in composition mainly resulted from population declines and were favoured by an increase in temperature seasonality and in non‐native species density. Population declines decreased with fragmentation and changes in non‐native species density, whereas population increases were negatively driven by changes in precipitation and positively by fragmentation. Our results provide evidence that environmental changes can interact with other factors (e.g., upstream–downstream, fragmentation intensity) to determine community reorganization.Main conclusionsIn the context of global change, fish assemblage reorganizations mainly result from population declines of species. These reorganizations are spatially structured and driven by both climatic and human‐related stressors. Here, we emphasize the need to take into account several components of global change, because the interplay between stressors might play a key role in the ongoing biodiversity changes.
Effect of ultrafiltration on placental‐fetal blood flow in pregnancy of woman undergoing chronic hemodialysis
Authors: Marques Luiz Paulo José , Marinho Paulo Roberto Silva , Rocco Regina , Martins Caroline de Azevedo , Pereira Henrique Novo Costa , Ferreira Ana Clara Lopes Barbosa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Patient who was undergoing hemodialysis (HD) thrice weekly usually gain 1 to 4 kg of weight in interdialytic period, mainly due to fluid accumulation by ingestion of water. Ultrafiltration (UF) during HD will be need to remove fluid excess to avoid severe medical complications secondary to fluid overload. However, in pregnant woman UF can increase the episodes of intradialytic hypotension which may lead to placental ischemic injury and predispose to fetal distress. There is little information about safe fluid amount withdrawn by UF during pregnancy.Methods: We prospectively study by obstetric Doppler ultrasonography the fluxometric parameters: pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of fetal middle cerebral, uterine, and umbilical artery obtained at the beginning and the end of HD session, the acute and chronic effect of UF on placenta and fetus blood flow, as well as the fetal outcome in 1 pregnant woman on chronic HD.Findings: We did not observe any acute harmful effect on fetal middle cerebral, placental and umbilical artery blood flow when UF rate of 2.1 ± 0.04 L (6 < 8 mL/h/kg) during HD session, no significant statistical difference was observed when compared PI and RI before and after UF and also when we compared these data with reference value on normal pregnancy to the same gestational age.Discussion: UF rate of 6 < 8 mL/h/kg during HD did not bring any acute harmful effect on fetal middle cerebral, placental, and umbilical blood flow and the UF rate of 1.4 6 0.4 L (< 6 mL/h/kg) / HD session that was done in all others HD during pregnancy was safe, without any chronic fetal deleterious effect. Obstetric Doppler ultrasonography is a simple and noninvasive method to fetal follow‐up and can aid to determine safe UF rate in pregnant women during gestation.
Factors associated with serum magnesium and vascular stiffness in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Yorifuji Mai , Kuragano Takahiro , Kawada Sayuri , Fukao Wataru , Toyoda Kazuhiro , Nakanishi Takeshi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroduction: We evaluated the associated factors of serum magnesium in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship between low serum magnesium and arteriosclerosis in these patients.Methods: In 129 patients on MHD, we evaluated the blood levels of magnesium, brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (ba‐PWV), ankle‐brachial index (ABI), and intima‐media thickness of the common carotid artery (IMT).Findings: In MHD patients, the serum level of magnesium was significantly correlated with age, calcium, TNF‐α, albumin, and ba‐PWV but not with ABI or IMT. In the multiple regression analysis, albumin (P = 0.0001, β = 0.31) and calcium (P = 0.029, β = 0.18) were selected as significant predictors of the magnesium level in MHD patients. Furthermore, the serum level of magnesium, as well as systolic blood pressure (P = 0.0001, β = 0.32) and age (P = 0.005, β = 0.25), were selected as significant (P = 0.012, β = −0.22) predictors of ba‐PWV in MHD patients.Discussion: In MHD patients, the serum magnesium level was associated with the serum levels of calcium and albumin. Furthermore, a low serum magnesium level in MHD patients was associated with the index of vascular stiffness.
The EU Humanitarian Border and the Securitization of Human Rights: The ‘Rescue‐Through‐Interdiction/Rescue‐Without‐Protection’ Paradigm
Authors: Moreno‐Lax Violeta 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article looks at securitization/humanitarianization dynamics in the EU external sea borders to track and critique the substantial transformation of the role played by human rights in the Mediterranean. Mapping the evolution of maritime engagement up to the ‘refugee crisis’, it is revealed how the invocation of human rights serves paradoxically to curtail (migrants') human rights, justifying interdiction (‘to save lives’), and impeding access to safety in Europe. The result is a double reification of ‘boat migrants’ as threats to border security and as victims of smuggling/trafficking. Through a narrative of ‘rescue’, interdiction is laundered into an ethically sustainable strategy of border governance. Instead of being considered a problematic (potentially lethal) means of control, it is re‐defined into a life‐saving device. The ensuing ‘rescue‐through‐interdiction’/‘rescue‐without‐protection’ paradigm alters the nature of human rights, which, rather than functioning as a check on interdiction, end up co‐opted as another securitization/humanitarianization tool.
Fetal liver injury ameliorated by migration inhibitory factor inhibition in a rat model of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy
Authors: Guo Zheng‐Da , Zhao Liang , Wang Peng , Deng Wen‐Hong , Shi Qiao , Zuo Teng , Hong Yu‐Pu , Wang Wei‐Xing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThis study was designed to investigate and assess fetal liver injury in a rat model of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy (APIP) as well as its possible mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.MethodsThe APIP model was induced by sodium taurocholate in Sprague–Dawley rats during the third trimester. ISO‐1, a macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) antagonist, was given before the induction of APIP. In addition, sham‐operated rats at later gestation were set as controls. Histological changes in the fetal liver and maternal pancreas were assessed. Amylase and lipase activity as well as the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐1β were examined. The expression of MIF in fetal liver was determined by immunochemistry and the expression of NF‐κB, IκBα, high mobility group box‐1 protein (HMGB1), TNF‐α, and IL‐1β in fetal liver was determined by Western blot analysis. Ultrastructures of hepatic cells in fetal rats were observed under transmission electron microscopy.ResultsISO‐1 ameliorated the following: (i) pathological injuries in maternal pancreas and fetal liver; (ii) levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in maternal serum; and (iii) levels of MIF, myeloperoxidase, NF‐κB, HMGB1, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β in fetal liver.ConclusionPathological damage and an inflammatory response in fetal liver were induced by APIP, and MIF inhibition ameliorated fetal liver injury by inhibiting the inflammatory cascade.
Bound by blood: the ethnic and civic nature of collective identities in the Basque Country, Catalonia and Valencia
Authors: Álvarez‐Gálvez Javier , Echavarren José M. , Coller Xavier 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the factors determining collective identities in the Basque Country and Catalonia, paying special attention to language and birth as key domains of ethnolinguistic divide. We will also make a comparison to the case of Valencia, a region with a native language that nevertheless has not developed a nationalist movement. We have performed a cluster analysis to compare the differences between collective identities in these regions using data from the survey on National Identity in Spain, and discriminant analysis is used to test the validity of our model. Results show that an ethnolinguistic division, based on parental origin and linguistic skills, defines peripheral identities in the Basque Country and Catalonia, but this singularity cannot be found for Valencia. Finally, our model corroborates the relevance of ethnolinguistic factors in defining collective identities in the Basque and Catalan regions, while the civic factor may be more relevant in Valencia.
Domestic troubles, national identity discourse, and China's attitude towards the West, 2003–2012
Authors: He Yinan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPrior to its recent, much discussed international ‘assertiveness’, China's attitude to the West had deteriorated, as reflected in official discourse of national identity. Drawing from political science and social psychology literature on identity studies, I argue that the discursive pattern of national identity can shift as a function of an elite strategy to exclude internal others through opposition to foreign others. Internally exclusionary nationalism, often employed by elites during major crises, is instrumental to consolidating control and maintaining order. But when targeting internal opponents alone is politically inconvenient or lacks public resonance, elites will accentuate ethnocentric national identity discourse vis‐a‐vis foreign nations in order to reinforce internal battles and divert popular discontent externally. An interpretive analysis of the official texts of Chinese national identity discourse during the Hu Jintao decade, supplemented by quantitative data, shows a significant correlation between the regime's fear of internal instability and bottom‐up political opposition on the one hand and the timing and intensity of ethnocentric identity discourse regarding the West on the other. The party‐state negatively framed the West in order to shift the blame for domestic troubles onto foreigners and discredit internal resistance.