bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resident characteristics and neighborhood environments on health‐related quality of life and stress
Authors: Barile John P. , Kuperminc Gabriel P. , Thompson William W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRelatively little research has attempted to disentangle the individual and neighborhood conditions underlying health disparities. To address this, survey data were collected from 1,107 residents living in one of the 114 census tracts. Results from a multilevel structural equation model found an individual's perceptions of the social and built environment were significantly associated with their current physical health, mental health, and perceived stress. Associations between household income and poor physical health were more pronounced for participants who lived in low‐income neighborhoods compared to participants who lived in high‐income neighborhoods. Additionally, Black residents reported significantly better mental health than White residents when they lived in high‐income neighborhoods, while Black residents who lived in low‐income neighborhoods reported significantly more stress than White residents in low‐income neighborhoods. Results of this study advance scientific understanding of social determinants of health and may aid in the development of programs and policies.
The complete bipartite graphs with a unique edge‐transitive embedding
Authors: Fan Wenwen , Li Cai Heng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractJones, Nedela, and Škoviera (2008) showed that a complete bipartite graph has a unique orientably regular embedding if and only if . In this article, we extend this result by proving that a complete bipartite graph has a unique orientably edge‐transitive embedding if and only if .
Novel luciferase–opsin combinations for improved luminopsins
Authors: Park Sung Young , Song Sang‐Ho , Palmateer Brandon , Pal Akash , Petersen Eric D. , Shall Gabrielle P. , Welchko Ryan M. , Ibata Keiji , Miyawaki Atsushi , Augustine George J. , Hochgeschwender Ute 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPrevious work has demonstrated that fusion of a luciferase to an opsin, to create a luminescent opsin or luminopsin, provides a genetically encoded means of manipulating neuronal activity via both chemogenetic and optogenetic approaches. Here we have expanded and refined the versatility of luminopsin tools by fusing an alternative luciferase variant with high light emission, Gaussia luciferase mutant GLucM23, to depolarizing and hyperpolarizing channelrhodopsins with increased light sensitivity. The combination of GLucM23 with Volvox channelrhodopsin‐1 produced LMO4, while combining GLucM23 with the anion channelrhodopsin iChloC yielded iLMO4. We found efficient activation of these channelrhodopsins in the presence of the luciferase substrate, as indicated by responses measured in both single neurons and in neuronal populations of mice and rats, as well as by changes in male rat behavior during amphetamine‐induced rotations. We conclude that these new luminopsins will be useful for bimodal opto‐ and chemogenetic analyses of brain function.
Chemical composition, water vapor permeability, and mechanical properties of yuba film influenced by soymilk depth and concentration
Authors: Zhang Siran , Lee Jaesang , Kim Yookyung 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDYuba is a soy protein–lipid film formed during heating of soymilk. This study described yuba as an edible film by analyzing its chemical composition, water vapor permeability (WVP), and mechanical properties. Three yuba films were prepared by using different concentrations and depths of soymilk: HS (86 g kg−1 and 2.3 cm), LS (70 g kg−1 and 2.3 cm), and LD (70 g kg−1 and 3.0 cm).RESULTSAs yuba was successively skimmed, the protein, lipid, and SH content decreased, but carbohydrate and SS content increased. Though both the initial concentration and the depth of soymilk affect the properties of the films, the depth of soymilk influences WVP and tensile strength (TS) more. The WVP of the HS and LS changed the least (13–17 g mm kPa−1 m−2 day1), while that of the LD changed the most (13–35 g mm kPa−1 m−2 day−1). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in the TS between the HS and LS. LD had the greatest decrease of TS and the lowest TS among the groups. The earlier the yuba films were collected, the greater the elongation of the films was: 129% (HS), 113% (LS), and 155% (LD).CONCLUSIONThe initial concentration and the depth of soymilk changed the chemical composition and structure of the yuba films. The LS yuba produced more uniform edible films with good mechanical properties. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of ultrasound on the alkali extraction of proteins from eggshell membranes
Authors: Marcet Ismael , Salvadores Marina , Rendueles Manuel , Díaz Mario 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDEggshell contains two layers formed by a dense network of fibrous proteins. These proteins are highly insoluble in a broad variety of solvents, but their composition makes them suitable for a broad range of applications. In this study, in order to extract and solubilise these proteins, the eggshell membranes were treated in an alkali solution. A Box–Behnken design was employed to determine the influence of the treatment variables on the amount of protein solubilised. Furthermore, the effect of ultrasound on the protein recovery yield was also evaluated and compared with the unmodified process.RESULTSA solubilised protein yield close to 100% of the total eggshell membrane protein was obtained. The optimal conditions could be set at 70 °C in a 1.0 mol L−1 NaOH solution for 60 min. However, when ultrasound was applied, it was possible to decrease the time of reaction by half. In the two processes, the temperature was found to be the most important independent variable evaluated. Finally, the antioxidant properties of the proteins obtained in each case were similar.CONCLUSIONSUltrasound favours the detachment of big clumps of proteins from the eggshell membrane, facilitating the solubilisation of its compounds. The ultrasound had no effect on the protein properties tested in this study. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Selection and use of indigenous mixed starter cultures for mustard leaves fermentation and the improvement of cuocai characteristics
Authors: Chen Xuan , Zheng Miao , Liu Jia , Deng Zeyuan , Zhang Bing , Li Hongyan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo improve the characteristics and safety of traditional cuocai, the selection and use of mixed starter cultures is important. This study aimed to isolate the main indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LABs) and yeast species from spontaneous fermented mustard leaves, and they were used as starter cultures to ferment mustard leaves.RESULTSFive predominant LABs, namely Q‐1 (Enterococcus faecalis), G‐1 (Lactobacillus plantarum), G‐3 (Lactobacillus pentosus), and G‐2 and G‐4 (Lactobacillus buchneri) strains, and the two yeast strains J‐1 (Issatchenkia orientalis) and J‐2 (Issatchenkia occidentalis) were isolated from cuocai. From the results,Lb. plantarumandI. orientalisstrains exhibited strong growth ability, fast acidification, and potent low‐pH tolerance. Therefore, they were chosen as the mixed starter cultures to ferment mustard leaves. During the process of culture‐dependent fermented mustard leaves, the changes of acidity, total crude protein, and total sugar were similar to those of culture‐independent fermented mustard leaves, while the nitrite content of culture‐dependent fermented mustard leaves was significantly lower than that of culture‐independent fermented cuocai. According to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, the main volatile flavor compounds of fermented mustard leaves were alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and sulfides. There was no significant difference of volatile flavor compounds between the processes of culture‐dependent and culture‐independent fermentations.CONCLUSIONTherefore, it was suggested thatLb. plantarumandI. orientalisstrains could be used to ferment cuocai instead of the traditional ferment method to control the quality and shelf safety of cuocai. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Techniques for the analysis of pentacyclic triterpenoids in medicinal plants
Authors: Xu Congcong , Wang Bing , Pu Yiqiong , Tao Jiansheng , Zhang Tong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTriterpenes are a major class of chemical compounds found in natural plants and can be categorized into acyclic triterpenoids, monocyclic triterpenoids, tricyclic triterpenoids, tetracyclic triterpenoids, and pentacyclic triterpenoids. Among them, pentacyclic triterpenoids have gained more extensive attention due to their biological activities, including anti‐inflammation, antibacterial, antioxidation, antitumor, anti‐HIV, hepatoprotection, and immunological adjuvant properties. In this review, we summarize the extraction and analytical methods for pentacyclic triterpenoids, where more than 56 triterpenes from 49 kinds of plants were involved. The analysis methods include gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, thin‐layer chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray spectroscopy. This review provides valuable reference for the determination of pentacyclic triterpenoids in medicinal plants.
An FMEA evaluation of intensity modulated radiation therapy dose delivery failures at tolerance criteria levels
Authors: Faught Jacqueline Tonigan , Balter Peter A. , Johnson Jennifer L. , Kry Stephen F. , Court Laurence E. , Stingo Francesco C. , Followill David S. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe objective of this work was to assess both the perception of failure modes in Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) when the linac is operated at the edge of tolerances given in AAPM TG‐40 (Kutcher et al.) and TG‐142 (Klein et al.) as well as the application of FMEA to this specific section of the IMRT process.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to approximately 2000 physicists worldwide that participate in quality services provided by the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core ‐ Houston (IROC‐H). The survey briefly described eleven different failure modes covered by basic quality assurance in step‐and‐shoot IMRT at or near TG‐40 (Kutcher et al.) and TG‐142 (Klein et al.) tolerance criteria levels. Respondents were asked to estimate the worst case scenario percent dose error that could be caused by each of these failure modes in a head and neck patient as well as the FMEA scores: Occurrence, Detectability, and Severity. Risk probability number (RPN) scores were calculated as the product of these scores. Demographic data were also collected.ResultsA total of 181 individual and three group responses were submitted. 84% were from North America. Most (76%) individual respondents performed at least 80% clinical work and 92% were nationally certified. Respondent medical physics experience ranged from 2.5 to 45 yr (average 18 yr). A total of 52% of individual respondents were at least somewhat familiar with FMEA, while 17% were not familiar. Several IMRT techniques, treatment planning systems, and linear accelerator manufacturers were represented. All failure modes received widely varying scores ranging from 1 to 10 for occurrence, at least 1–9 for detectability, and at least 1–7 for severity. Ranking failure modes by RPN scores also resulted in large variability, with each failure mode being ranked both most risky (1st) and least risky (11th) by different respondents. On average MLC modeling had the highest RPN scores. Individual estimated percent dose errors and severity scores positively correlated (P < 0.01) for each FM as expected. No universal correlations were found between the demographic information collected and scoring, percent dose errors or ranking.ConclusionsFailure modes investigated overall were evaluated as low to medium risk, with average RPNs less than 110. The ranking of 11 failure modes was not agreed upon by the community. Large variability in FMEA scoring may be caused by individual interpretation and/or experience, reflecting the subjective nature of the FMEA tool.
Reconstruction by calibration over tensors for multi‐coil multi‐acquisition balanced SSFP imaging
Authors: Biyik Erdem , Ilicak Efe , Çukur Tolga 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo develop a rapid imaging framework for balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) that jointly reconstructs undersampled data (by a factor of R) across multiple coils (D) and multiple acquisitions (N). To devise a multi‐acquisition coil compression technique for improved computational efficiency.MethodsThe bSSFP image for a given coil and acquisition is modeled to be modulated by a coil sensitivity and a bSSFP profile. The proposed reconstruction by calibration over tensors (ReCat) recovers missing data by tensor interpolation over the coil and acquisition dimensions. Coil compression is achieved using a new method based on multilinear singular value decomposition (MLCC). ReCat is compared with iterative self‐consistent parallel imaging (SPIRiT) and profile encoding (PE‐SSFP) reconstructions.ResultsCompared to parallel imaging or profile‐encoding methods, ReCat attains sensitive depiction of high‐spatial‐frequency information even at higher R. In the brain, ReCat improves peak SNR (PSNR) by 1.1 ± 1.0 dB over SPIRiT and by 0.9 ± 0.3 dB over PE‐SSFP (mean ± SD across subjects; average for N = 2–8, R = 8–16). Furthermore, reconstructions based on MLCC achieve 0.8 ± 0.6 dB higher PSNR compared to those based on geometric coil compression (GCC) (average for N = 2–8, R = 4–16).ConclusionReCat is a promising acceleration framework for banding‐artifact‐free bSSFP imaging with high image quality; and MLCC offers improved computational efficiency for tensor‐based reconstructions. Magn Reson Med 79:2542–2554, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Biodegradable Microparticles for Simultaneous Detection of Counterfeit and Deteriorated Edible Products
Authors: Rehor Ivan , van Vreeswijk Sophie , Vermonden Tina , Hennink Wim E. , Kegel Willem K. , Eral Huseyin Burak 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn an era of globalized trade relations where food and pharmaceutical products cross borders effortlessly, consumers face counterfeit and deteriorated products at elevated rates. This paper presents multifunctional, biodegradable hydrogel microparticles that can provide information on the authenticity and the potential deterioration of the tagged food or pharmaceutical formulations. These microparticles integrate spatially patterned authenticity code with two sensors—the first one detects possible presence of pathogenic microbes through monitoring pH while the second one identifies products stored above optimal temperatures via optical monitoring of the microparticle degradation. Particles are synthesized from a biocompatible polymer and a photoinitiator, dextran modified with 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate and riboflavin, respectively, using a continuous, high throughput method stop‐flow lithography. The proposed synthesis approach also enables crosslinking with visible light bringing about additional flexibility to flow lithography. Model liquid and solid food and pharmaceutical products are successfully labeled with microparticles and the functionality of the sensors in aqueous solutions is demonstrated.
QuickChecking static analysis properties
Authors: Midtgaard Jan , Møller Anders 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA static analysis can check programs for potential errors. A natural question that arises is therefore: who checks the checker? Researchers have given this question varying attention, ranging from basic testing techniques, informal monotonicity arguments, thorough pen‐and‐paper soundness proofs, to verified fixed point checking. In this paper, we demonstrate how quickchecking can be useful to test a range of static analysis properties with limited effort. We show how to check a range of algebraic lattice properties, to help ensure that an implementation follows the formal specification of a lattice. Moreover, we offer a number of generic, type‐safe combinators to check transfer functions and operators on lattices, to help ensure that these are, eg, monotone, strict, or invariant. We substantiate our claims by quickchecking a type analysis for the Lua programming language.
Opening the Case of theiPad: What Matters, and Where Next?
Authors: Burnett Cathy , Merchant Guy 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDigital literacies abound in playing a foundational role in the rhythm and pattern of our lives, yet debates continue about how to harness them to teach and learn literacy. In an effort to humanize digital literacies, this department column offers a vast array of topics, from participatory work that pushes educators and researchers to communicate in local and global spaces to ways of redefining core reading and literacy skills through a screen‐based, multimodal logic. This column also provides a venue for research and practical applications that depict technology use as a part of the fabric of being human. The column helps educators reconceptualize the ways that children learn with technology, media, and new communication systems; honors educator success stories and burning questions and issues; and reimagines literacy futures.
Flash Lamp Annealing (FLA) of Magnetron Sputtered Low‐Temperature TCO Coatings
Authors: Panckow Andreas N. , David Clement , Weber Jörg 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThin TCO layers, like ITO and AZO, are commonly used in applications where highly conductive and transparent thin film systems are necessary for large area applications such as displays, touch panels, electroluminescent devices, electrochromics, energy efficient window systems and photovoltaics. At present the best ITO and AZO quality is attained with films deposited by means of magnetron sputtering using ceramic targets at substrate temperatures above 200 °C. In this study have been investigated TCO films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering from a rotary indium‐tin target, ITO films sputtered from ceramic target and reactively sputter deposited AZO films from zinc‐aluminium targets, respectively.A promising approach to improve the properties of TCO films sputtered at low substrate temperatures is the application of post‐growth treatment by flash lamp annealing. This has been applied for ITO and AZO samples that have been deposited at various temperatures and oxygen partial pressures.
High precision optical filter based on magnetron sputtering
Authors: Biethan Jens‐Peter , Arhilger Detlef , Pistner Jürgen , Reus Holger , Stapp Martin , Hagedorn Harro 
Published: September 2017

SummaryCurrent and upcoming specifications for optical filters and components are driving the demand for optimized deposition techniques. Besides the need for high precision process control to achieve accurate and reproducible layer properties, additional requirements from a process automation perspective have to be considered. In particular, applications in the semiconductor industry require reliable, accurate substrate handling to microelectronic standards.The Helios 800 sputtering system provides extremely accurate layer depositon and thickness control, allowing manufacture of state of the art optical components with high throughput. These include beamsplitters, band pass, edge, and multinotch dielectric filters. In addition optoelectronic applications, which combine electronic components with optical filters, are growing rapidly.
Bewertung der Lebensdauer von dünnen HartstoffSchichten
Authors: Bethke Reinhold , Hipp Antje , Meyer Hannes , Nöcker Nadine 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Impact‐Test ist eine ergänzende Prüfmethode von dünnen PVD‐ und CVD‐Hartstoffschichten, und wurde auch über die hier angegebenen Untersuchungen hinaus für industrierelevante Schichtsysteme wie z. B. CrN, TiAlN oder AlCrBN geprüft. Neben den herkömmlichen Kenngrößen, wie z. B. Schichtdicke, Härte und Haftung, die ein Schichtsystem beschreiben, gibt das Ergebnis des Impacts‐Tests eine Aussage über die Ermüdungsfestigkeit des Schichtsystems. Je nach Anwendungsgebiet kann der Impact‐Versuch im schwellenden Dauerkontakt oder im abhebenden Modus betrieben werden. Die Reproduzierbarkeit der Versuche ist gut, sodass 2–3 Impact‐Versuche eine aussagekräftige Bewertung zulassen. Sollen mehrere Versuche auf einem Bauteil durchgeführt werden, ist ein ausreichender Abstand zwischen den einzelnen Eindrücken erforderlich, um eine gegenseitige Beeinflussung zu vermeiden. Die Größe des Impact‐Eindrucks hängt von der Pressung und den Werkstoffeigenschaften des Schicht‐Substrat‐Verbunds ab, nicht aber von der Anzahl der Impacts. Die mit der Deformation einhergehenden mechanischen Spannungen innerhalb des Werkstoffs führen zu Schichtschädigungen im Randbereich und/oder zu Dehnungsrissen im Inneren des Impact‐Eindrucks. Das Schichtsystem wird entweder lichtoptisch oder mittels REM‐EDX hinsichtlich Schädigungen analysiert. Ein Querschliff des Impact‐Eindrucks ermöglicht zudem eine Aussage über Werkstoffschädigungen unterhalb des Schichtsystems. Je nach zu prüfendem Schichtwerkstoff sollte ein geeignetes Kugelmaterial gewählt werden. Eine Stahlkugel ist im Vergleich zu Hartmetall‐ oder Keramikkugeln weniger gut für höhere Prüfkräfte und lange Prüfdauern geeignet. Die Lebensdauer von Beschichtungen kann auf flachen als auch auf konvex gekrümmten Bauteilen ermittelt werden.
Alkyl Xylosides: Physico‐Chemical Properties and Influence on Environmental Bacteria Cells
Authors: Smułek Wojciech , Kaczorek Ewa , Hricovíniová Zuzana 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA group of four selected non‐ionic surfactants based on carbohydrates, namely octyl d‐xyloside (C8X), nonyl d‐xyloside (C9X), decyl d‐xyloside (C10X) and dodecyl d‐xyloside (C12X), have been investigated to accomplish a better understanding of their physico‐chemical properties as well as biological activities. The surface‐active properties, such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), emulsion and foam stability, the impact of the compounds on cell surface hydrophobicity and cell membrane permeability together with their toxicity on the selected bacterial strains have been determined as well. The studied group of surfactants showed high surface‐active properties allowing a decrease in the surface tension to values below 25 mN m−1 for dodecyl d‐xyloside at the CMC. The investigated compounds did not have any toxic influence on two Pseudomonas bacterial strains at concentrations below 25 mg L−1. The studied long‐chain alkyl xylosides influenced both the cell inner membrane permeability and the cell surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the alkyl chain length, as well as the surfactant concentration, had a significant impact on the modifications of the cell surface properties. The tested non‐ionic surfactants exhibited strong surface‐active properties accompanied by the significant influence on growth and properties of Pseudomonas bacteria cells.