bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of artificial intelligence in interventional oncology: An up-to-date review of the literature
Authors: Matsui Yusuke , Ueda Daiju , Fujita Shohei , Fushimi Yasutaka , Tsuboyama Takahiro , Kamagata Koji , Ito Rintaro , Yanagawa Masahiro , Yamada Akira , Kawamura Mariko , Nakaura Takeshi , Fujima Noriyuki , Nozaki Taiki , Tatsugami Fuminari , Fujioka Tomoyuki , Hirata Kenji , Naganawa Shinji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Interventional oncology provides image-guided therapies, including transarterial tumor embolization and percutaneous tumor ablation, for malignant tumors in a minimally invasive manner. As in other medical fields, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in interventional oncology has garnered significant attention. This narrative review describes the current state of AI applications in interventional oncology based on recent literature. A literature search revealed a rapid increase in the number of studies relevant to this topic recently. Investigators have attempted to use AI for various tasks, including automatic segmentation of organs, tumors, and treatment areas; treatment simulation; improvement of intraprocedural image quality; prediction of treatment outcomes; and detection of post-treatment recurrence. Among these, the AI-based prediction of treatment outcomes has been the most studied. Various deep and conventional machine learning algorithms have been proposed for these tasks. Radiomics has often been incorporated into prediction and detection models. Current literature suggests that AI is potentially useful in various aspects of interventional oncology, from treatment planning to post-treatment follow-up. However, most AI-based methods discussed in this review are still at the research stage, and few have been implemented in clinical practice. To achieve widespread adoption of AI technologies in interventional oncology procedures, further research on their reliability and clinical utility is necessary. Nevertheless, considering the rapid research progress in this field, various AI technologies will be integrated into interventional oncology practices in the near future.
Risk Factors for Empiric Treatment Failure in US Female Outpatients with Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection: an Observational Study
Authors: Fromer Debra L. , Luck Meghan E. , Cheng Wendy Y. , Mahendran Malena , da Costa Wilson L. , Pinaire Megan , Duh Mei Sheng , Preib Madison T. , Ellis Jeffrey J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Treatment failure (TF) in uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) increases disease burden and risk of antimicrobial resistance. Identification of risk factors for TF could inform empiric treatment decisions and reduce suboptimal outcomes.

Objective
To evaluate the incidence of TF to empirically prescribed oral antibiotics and identify risk factors for TF in females with uUTI in the United States (US).

Design
This retrospective cohort study used Optum’s de-identified Electronic Health Record dataset (January 2017–September 2022).

Patients
Eligible female patients aged ≥ 12 years had ≥ 1 diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in an outpatient ambulatory/emergency department (ED) setting, ≥ 1 empiric oral antibiotic prescription, and no evidence of complicated UTI (cUTI).

Main Measures
TF was defined as having a new/repeat oral antibiotic prescription, IV antibiotic administration or acute UTI diagnosis ≤ 28 days following initial empiric oral antibiotic prescription​. Risk factors of TF were selected using LASSO and reported using adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% CIs.

Key Results
Of 376,004 patients with uUTI, 62,873 (16.7%) experienced TF. Incidence of TF was highest in patients with history of antibiotic TF (33.9%) or fosfomycin prescription (30.1%). Significant risk factors of TF included ≥ 3 prior antibiotic prescriptions (aRR [95% CI]: 1.60 [1.56–1.64]); fosfomycin prescription (1.60 [1.38–1.86]); uUTI diagnosis in ED (1.49 [1.46–1.52]), Southern US residence (1.37 [1.35–1.40]), age ≥ 75 years (1.35 [1.29–1.41]), recurrent UTI (1.12 [1.10–1.14]) and obesity (1.06 [1.04–1.08]).

Conclusions
Incidence of TF to empirically prescribed oral antibiotics for uUTI is considerable. Prior infections requiring antibiotic prescription and location of care are key risk factors for TF in female outpatients with uUTI. Knowledge of these TF risk factors can inform shared-decision making and supplement existing guidance on uUTI treatment.
Variation of the Passive Film on Compositionally Concentrated Dual-Phase Al0.3Cr0.5Fe2Mn0.25Mo0.15Ni1.5Ti0.3 and Implications for Corrosion
Authors: Inman S. B. , Wischhusen M. A. , Qi J. , Poon S. J. , Agnew S. R. , Scully J. R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe passive film on a dual-phase Al0.3Cr0.5Fe2Mn0.25Mo0.15Ni1.5Ti0.3 FCC + Heusler (L21) compositionally concentrated alloy formed during extended exposure to an applied potential in the passive range in dilute chloride solution was characterized. Each phase, with its own distinct composition of passivating elements, formed unique passive films separated by a heterophase interface. High-resolution, surface sensitive characterization enabled chemical analysis of the passive film formed over individual phases. The film formed over the L21 phase had a higher concentration of Al, Ni, and Ti, while the film formed over FCC phase was of similar thickness but contained comparatively higher Cr, Fe, and Mo concentrations, consistent with the differences in bulk microstructure composition. The passive film was continuous across phase boundaries and the distribution of passivating elements (Al, Cr, and Ti) indicated both phases were independently passivated. Spatially resolved analysis of the surface chemistry of the dual-phase CCA revealed that the cation with the highest composition in passive film formed on the FCC phase was Cr (52.4 at. pct) and for the L21 phase was Ti (53.1 at. pct) despite the bulk concentration of each element being below 20 at. pct in their respective phases. Al, Cr, and Ti were enriched in both phases within the passive film relative to their respective bulk compositions. In parallel studies, single-phase alloys with compositions representative of the FCC and L21 phases were synthesized to evaluate the corrosion behavior of each phase in isolation. The corrosion behavior of the dual-phase alloy showed passivity evidenced by a pitting potential of 0.615 VSCE in 0.01 M NaCl. The pitting potential and other electrochemical parameters suggested a combination of behaviors of both single-phase samples, suggesting that the global corrosion behavior may be represented by a composite theory applied to phases, their area fractions, and interphase length. However, the interphase in the dual-phase CCA was a local corrosion initiation site and may limit localized corrosion protectiveness. The alloy design implications for optimization of second phase structure and morphology are discussed.
Sugarcane Response to Two Different Application Methods of Nano-Iron and Nano-Zinc
Authors: Abou-Baker N. H. , Hussein M. M. , Zaky A. , Hashesh Wafaa M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
There are many publications over the past 20 years comparing nano-nutrients with their traditional forms. Differently, this study examined the effect of applying nano-Fe and nano-Zn—in two different ways (foliar and soil application)—on sugarcane development, yield, and mineral status using a greenhouse experiment at the National Research Centre. The study results of first yield (plant cane crop) showed that nano-Fe caused an increase in plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight (FW) of leaves, FW of stalk, and total FW by 5.3%, 20.3%, 38.0%, 27.4%, and 33.3%, respectively, compared to nano-Zn. Despite the majority of growth metrics showed to be improved by using either of the two nano-sources, both nano-Fe and nano-Zn have been demonstrated to negatively impact nutrient ratios. The foliar application method was found to be superior, and the second application of nano-Zn to soil effectively halted the growth of all treated replicates. The data of the first ratoon (second yield) showed that FW of leaves, FW of stalk, total FW, and dried weight (DW) of stalk followed one trend line (nano-Fe–soil > control-foliar (sprayed distilled water) > nano-Zn-foliar > nano-Fe-foliar > control-soil (distilled water added to soil)). In conclusion it can be noticed that using nanoparticles as a fertilizer could be a weapon with double-edges, since this may induce unexpected harmful effects. It is recommended to conduct additional research to comprehend the mechanisms underlying why a nano-source that benefits plants may harm them after the second addition.
Extreme-value analysis in nano-biological systems: applications and implications
Authors: Hayashi Kumiko , Takamatsu Nobumichi , Takaramoto Shunki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExtreme value analysis (EVA) is a statistical method that studies the properties of extreme values of datasets, crucial for fields like engineering, meteorology, finance, insurance, and environmental science. EVA models extreme events using distributions such as Fréchet, Weibull, or Gumbel, aiding in risk prediction and management. This review explores EVA’s application to nanoscale biological systems. Traditionally, biological research focuses on average values from repeated experiments. However, EVA offers insights into molecular mechanisms by examining extreme data points. We introduce EVA’s concepts with simulations and review its use in studying motor protein movements within cells, highlighting the importance of in vivo analysis due to the complex intracellular environment. We suggest EVA as a tool for extracting motor proteins’ physical properties in vivo and discuss its potential in other biological systems. While there have been only a few applications of EVA to biological systems, it holds promise for uncovering hidden properties in extreme data, promoting its broader application in life sciences.
Simultaneous treatment of large hiatal hernias during Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: technical considerations and outcome
Authors: Kollmann Lars , Thurner Annette , Miras Alexander Dimitri , Seyfried Florian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRoux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the preferred surgical option for patients with proven gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity grade ≥ II (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2). Data on simultaneous treatment of larger hiatal hernias during RYGB are scarce. From 2012 until 2022, data from all consecutive patients undergoing gastric bypass procedures were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients undergoing RYGB alone (RYGBa) versus RYGB with simultaneous treatment of a large hiatal hernia (RYGB-HH) were compared. Out of 573 patients who received RYGB, we identified 12 simultaneously treated for large hiatal hernia. The characteristics of RYGB-HH versus RYGBa patients were higher age (55 vs. 44 years; p = 0.004) and lower BMI (39.2 vs. 46.9 kg/m2; p = 0.001). Duration of surgery in the RYGB-HH group was longer (144 min vs. 98 min; p < 0.001), while complications > Clavien–Dindo II were similar compared to the RYGBa group (8.3 vs. 9.4%, p = 0.56). Length of stay did not differ among the groups (4 vs. 5.5 days, p = 0.051). At a median follow-up of 12 months, there was no clinical recurrence of hiatal hernia in the RYGB-HH group. Simultaneous treatment of large hiatal hernias during Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery prolongs operation time but seems feasible and safe in the hands of experienced surgeons.
Association of sleep quality, smartphone addiction, and depressive symptoms among undergraduate medical students in Nepal
Authors: Paudel Kiran , Shah Sangam , Khanal Pratik , Bhattarai Madhur , Gautam Kamal , Bhusal Sandesh , Bhandari Prashamsa , Pandey Anjila , Niroula Sandhya , Adhikari Tara Ballav , Shrestha Roman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
While research has examined the connections between sleep quality, smartphone addiction, and depressive symptoms in general, no studies focused on undergraduate medical students in Nepal have specifically tested the complex relationship between these factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the interaction between smartphone addiction, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms among undergraduate medical students of Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 212 undergraduate medical students at Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Nepal. Sleep quality, smartphone addiction, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 via the bootstrap model approach.

Results
Out of the total participants, 67.9% were male. Males showed higher scores in smartphone addiction and depressive symptoms than females (b = 5.3, Bca 95% CI:1.2, 9.1, p < 0.05). The unadjusted model indicated that the presence of smartphone addiction explained 36.5% of the indirect impact of sleep quality on depressive symptoms. However, in the adjusted model, after introducing socio-demographic, behavioral, and educational variables as covariates, this percentage decreased to 33.02%.

Conclusion
This study highlights the significant role of both smartphone addiction and sleep quality in mediating the indirect effect on depressive symptoms among undergraduate medical students. Smartphone addiction emerged as a key mediator of depressive symptoms, indicating a potentially important factor in mental health. Investigating this relationship further through longitudinal studies will be crucial for developing effective preventative and therapeutic approaches.
Back to Kahneman
Authors: Read Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper examines Daniel Kahneman's concept of experienced utility and its roots in Bentham's hedonic utilitarianism. It focuses on Kahneman's call for a ‘separate value judgement’ to determine when experienced utility can be used to evaluate temporally extended outcomes (TEOs). Two potential judgements are proposed: comprehensiveness and personal independence. Comprehensiveness means that the measurement of utility captures all relevant aspects of instant utility. Personal independence means that the TEO is fully independent of other TEOs with which it might be combined (or ‘concatenated’). I argue that identifying TEOs meeting these criteria may be challenging, possibly restricting the applicability of experienced utility. I conclude by considering the implications for behavioural science's quest for an unambiguous, measurable operationalisation of utility.
New horizons in community engagement: Virtual community engagement studios amplifying community voices about health research in New Mexico
Authors: Killough Cynthia M. , Martinez Julia , Mata Holly , Sedillo Donna , Sanjuan Pilar , Roesch Alexandra , Hudson Christopher , Bishop Brenda , Gonzalez Jose , Rishel Brakey Heidi , Pandhi Nancy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
There is increasing recognition of the crucial need for robust community engagement in health research and clinical trials. Despite this awareness, challenges persist in bridging the gap between researchers and communities. Much of the current discourse focuses on addressing issues such as cultural humility and equitable partnerships. To expand this conversation, we conducted community engagement studios, following the model by Joosten et al. We wanted to gather perspectives on research involvement across New Mexico. This process and resultant findings offer valuable insights into effective community engagement practices and advance clinical and translational science by amplifying community voices and needs.
Obstacles to Empathetic Listening After Sexual Violence
Authors: McKiernan Amy , Campbell Elspeth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Building on Linda Martín Alcoff's analysis of subversive speech in Rape and resistance, Lori Gruen's account of entangled empathy, and what Susan Brison calls the remaking of self in Aftermath: Violence and the remaking of a self, we introduce subversive listening as a way to resist obstacles to empathetic listening after sexual violence. Specifically, we identify and aim to interrupt five overextended frameworks (legal, medical, academic, fixing, and identifying) that commonly obstruct empathetic listening. To demonstrate the practical value of our work, we conclude by showing how a reader might avoid these overextensions when engaging with V's (formerly Eve Ensler) The apology.
Attention improvement to transcranial alternating current stimulation at gamma frequency over the right frontoparietal network: a preliminary report
Authors: Lee Tien-Wen , Almeida Sergio , Tramontano Gerald 
Published: October 2024

AbstractApplying transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 40 Hz to the frontal and parietal regions, either unilaterally (left or right) or bilaterally, can improve cognitive dysfunctions. This study aimed to explore the influence of tACS at gamma frequency over right fronto-parietal (FP) region on attention. The analysis is based on retrospective data from a clinical intervention. We administered test of variables of attention (TOVA; visual mode) to 44 participants with various neuropsychiatric diagnoses before and after 12 sessions of tACS treatment. Alternating currents at 2.0 mA were delivered to the electrode positions F4 and P4, following the 10–20 EEG convention, for 20 mins in each session. We observed significant improvement across 3 indices of the TOVA, including reduction of variability in reaction time (p = 0.0002), increase in d-Prime (separability of targets and non-targets; p = 0.0157), and decrease in commission error rate (p = 0.0116). The mean RT and omission error rate largely remained unchanged. Artificial injection of tACS at 40 Hz over right FP network may improve attention function, especially in the domains of consistency in performance, target/non-target discrimination, and inhibitory control.
The Inarticulate Few: Agrarian voices during the modernisation of agriculture in Leicestershire 1935–1955
Authors: Fletcher Oliver , Martin John 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Leicestershire experienced a uniquely pronounced shift from pastoral to mixed arable agriculture during the Second World War, with changes to farming practice being overseen and enforced by the County War Agricultural Executive Committee. The invasive powers of such Committees have led them to be criticised in recent historiography as an affront to individual freedoms. Opposition and resentment towards these policies would surely be most pronounced where they caused the greatest change – in Leicestershire. This article studies oral testimonies, alongside corresponding farm surveys from the period to provide a more objective basis for comparison, to reveal contemporary farmers did not share the negative historiographical characterisation of wartime policy. By the mid-1950s, agriculture in Leicestershire had embraced the ‘modern’ scientific methods demanded by the committees, but farmers’ recollections of the committee appear to span from favourable to, at worst, ambivalent. They considered the committee’s demands and methods necessary and for the most part, entirely reasonable.
Breastfeeding Practices in the Twin Town of India — A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bhardwaj Geeta , Smitha Moonjelly V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe global rise in twinning rates poses health challenges due to increased risks for infants and mothers. Despite the benefits, breastfeeding rates among multiples are low, with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) particularly scarce compared to singletons. Our study focuses on the mothers of twins in a unique population in Kodinhi village, Kerala, India, known for its high twinning rates, which aims to contribute to existing knowledge of breastfeeding practices and perspectives in a high twinning environment and offer valuable insights to promote optimal breastfeeding among mothers of twins. A retrospective cross-sectional survey was adopted. Seventy-five mothers with twins under 3 years of age from Kodinhi and neighboring areas were interviewed face to face using structured validated tools. Data collection focused on quantitative data supplemented by narrative descriptions. Most women delivered preterm (57.3%), operative delivery (58.7%), and had a late initiation of breastfeeding (32.9% within 24 hours). Colostrum feed was common (86.7%). The EBF rate was 4%, with 47.9% initiating nonexclusive breastfeeding before 3 months, and most of the twins (46.6%) were breastfed for 1−2 years. Fatigue (69.9%) and low milk supply (38.7%) were chief concerns. While 16.4% of mothers opted for a tandem breastfeeding technique, many preferred consecutive feeding as tandem was challenging. Mothers in Kodinhi demonstrated commendable efforts in breastfeeding twins; despite the low rate of EBF, breastfeeding extended to 1−2 years. Evidence-based interventions and personalized support, primarily focusing on maternal perspectives of milk insufficiency, fatigue and breastfeeding techniques, are crucial for sustaining optimal breastfeeding practices among mothers of twins.
Unwrap Intractable C‐Band Coseismic Interferograms: An Improved SNAPHU Method With Range Offset Gradients as Prior Information
Authors: Jiang Kun , Xu Wenbin , Xie Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractC‐band Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data are widely used to map coseismic deformation. However, phase unwrapping errors are commonly distributed near faults owing to decorrelation and steep phase gradients from short radar wavelengths. Here, we propose an improved SNAPHU phase‐unwrapping algorithm that considers the prior information of the range offset gradients (P‐SNAPHU) to overcome the constraints imposed by the phase continuity assumption. P‐SNAPHU exploits median filtering of homogeneous pixels for initial denoising of range offset and then refines range offset gradients divisionally through saliency extraction. The derived gradients are used to estimate the expected values of the cost functions for the low‐coherence fringes. The synthetic experiments show significant improvements in the phase‐unwrapping accuracy of the P‐SNAPHU method compared with classical unwrapping methods. We apply the P‐SNAPHU method to unwrap Sentinel‐1 coseismic interferograms of three large (Mw > 6.5) strike‐slip earthquake events that the existing classical methods could not successfully unwrap. In the comparison of the unwrapped interferograms with the external global navigation satellite system (GNSS) displacements and those from the classical methods, we find that P‐SNAPHU significantly reduces the phase unwrapping errors with the mean absolute error of 7.2, 2.3, and 1.8 cm for the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake doublet, the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, and the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes, respectively. Based on the unwrapped results derived from P‐SNAPHU, an estimate is made regarding the shallow slip deficit of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake doublet, which is approximately 7%. Therefore, P‐SNAPHU is useful for developing and applying C‐band InSAR data for large earthquakes and volcanic activity.