bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Chastang Françoise , Omnès Cécile , Védrinne Jacques , Walter Michel 
Published: December 2016

Une sédation profonde et continue jusqu’au décès telle qu’elle est autorisée depuis peu, en France, par la loi du 2 février 2016, constitue ni plus ni moins une sédation « terminale », une « mort relationnelle » avant l’heure de la mort, en interrompant toute communication, l’ultime communication avec les proches et la famille. La lecture de cette loi s’avère complexe. Non seulement les frontières entre sédation profonde et assistance médicale au suicide sont dans les faits relativement floues, mais de plus les expériences étrangères montrent que les demandes de fin de vie pour raisons psychiques et existentielles sont loin d’être négligeables, et même en augmentation inquiétante. Les psychiatres vont donc être conduits à s’impliquer d’une façon plus précise dans la réflexion autour des demandes médicales de fin de vie.
Brexit : Que s’est-il passé ? Que va-t-il se passer ?
Authors: Howorth Jolyon , Schmidt Vivien A. 
Published: December 2016

Le référendum du Brexit traduit la réticence fondamentale des Britanniques à endosser la logique même de la construction européenne, l’impuissance des élites politiques à la leur expliquer, les difficultés particulières des principaux partis politiques en cause, ainsi que le développement d’un sentiment national proprement anglais. Nul ne peut imaginer pour le moment les clauses concrètes de ce Brexit. Mais il pourrait être l’occasion d’un véritable new deal pour l’intégration européenne.
Le Berceau de Dieu (1926) : trente-sept vedettes pour un cinéma en mal de stars
Authors: Juan Myriam 
Published: December 2016

Résumé En juin 1926 sort à Paris un film intitulé Le Berceau de Dieu (ou Les Ombres du passé ), superproduction promue depuis plusieurs mois comme une « manifestation grandiose de la cinématographie française » animée par « 37 vedettes françaises ». Cet article entreprend d’étudier ce film tombé dans l’oubli, en interrogeant en particulier, jusque dans ses abus, la notion de « vedette » placée au cœur de la campagne de publicité, à une époque où la presse ne cesse pourtant de déplorer le manque d’étoiles françaises et leur peu de rayonnement face aux stars américaines. Pour ce faire est adoptée une approche globale, confrontant le discours promotionnel dont le film a fait l’objet aux réalités de sa production, avant d’analyser son contenu mêlant, sur le modèle des réalisations de Cecil B. DeMille, visées d’édification religieuse et touches d’érotisme, pour enfin examiner l’accueil public et critique qui lui fut réservé en son temps. C’est en empruntant ainsi la voie d’une histoire culturelle du cinéma que ce texte propose de se pencher sur cet étrange objet cinématographique, non pas en vue d’une improbable réhabilitation, mais afin de cerner ce que celui-ci peut nous apprendre des ambitions, des stratégies et des écueils du cinéma français au milieu des années 1920.
Comparison of Corneal Riboflavin Gradients Using Dextran and HPMC Solutions
Authors: Ehmke Tobias , Seiler Theo G. , Fischinger Isaak , Ripken Tammo , Heisterkamp Alexander , Frueh Beatrice E. 
Published: December 2016

PURPOSE:
To determine the riboflavin concentration gradient in the anterior corneal stroma when using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or dextran as the carrier agent.

METHODS:
Four different groups of porcine corneas (5 each) were compared regarding the riboflavin concentration in the anterior stroma. Prior to all experiments, stable hydration conditions were established for the corresponding solution. The dextran groups were treated with 0.1% riboflavin in 20% dextran for 10 and 30 minutes and the HPMC groups with 0.1% riboflavin in 1.1% HPMC for 10 and 30 minutes. After imbibition, nonlinear microscopy and consecutive image analysis were used to determine two-photon fluorescence intensities. To determine the riboflavin concentration, corneas were saturated and measured a second time by two-photon microscopy. With this measurement, a proper correction for absorption and scattering could be performed. Ultraviolet-A (UVA) transmission was measured after the application time for each group.

RESULTS:

Riboflavin concentration decreased with increasing depth and increased with longer application times in all groups. Comparing the dextran for 30 minutes and HPMC for 10 minutes groups, a significantly higher stromal riboflavin concentration was found within the most anterior 70
µ
m in the dextran group for 30 minutes, whereas deeper than 260
µ
m HPMC-assisted imbibition for 10 minutes yielded higher concentrations. In dextran-treated corneas, values obtained from pachymetry were substantially reduced, whereas HPMC-assisted imbibition led to a decent swelling. UVA transmission values were higher in dextran-assisted imbibition than in HPMC-assisted imbibition.

CONCLUSIONS:
Stromal riboflavin gradients are similar when applied in dextran for 30 minutes and HPMC for 10 minutes. When using HPMC solutions, a shallower cross-linked volume is expected due to a higher corneal hydration.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2016;32(12):798–802.]
Surgical Correction of Presbyopic Ametropia With Non-refractive Transparent Corneal Inlay and an Implantable Collamer Lens
Authors: Gutierrez Amoros Carlos 
Published: December 2016

PURPOSE:
To report the clinical outcomes of two patients implanted with the Raindrop Near Vision Inlay (ReVision Optics, Inc., Lake Forest, CA) to correct for presbyopia and the Visian implantable collamer lens (ICL) (STAAR Surgical, Monrovia, CA) to correct refractive error.

METHODS:
Case report.

RESULTS:
Two patients with presbyopic ametropia complained of blurred vision for distance and near. Both patients received a corneal inlay in the non-dominant eye followed by the Raindrop Inlay the following day. The first patient had an inlay decentration associated with corneal edema and excessive intraocular collamer lens (ICL) vaulting. After ICL exchange and inlay recentration, the ICL stayed properly placed in the ciliary sulcus, and the Raindrop Inlay was well centered. The second patient underwent an uneventful procedure and experienced no complications. At the last visit, both patients were able to see 1.0 (20/20 Snellen) uncorrected visual acuity for distance and near and were satisfied with their vision.

CONCLUSIONS:
These two cases suggest that the combination of an ICL with a Raindrop Inlay results in good visual outcomes and patient satisfaction. When combining Raindrop Inlay surgery with an intraocular procedure such as Visian ICL implantation, careful lens selection and sizing are required because there may be an increased risk for inlay decentration associated with corneal edema.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2016;32(12):852–854.]
Optical polarization control of photo-pumped stimulated emissions at 238 nm from AlGaN multiple-quantum-well laser structures on AlN substrates
Authors: Lachab Mohamed , Sun WenHong , Jain Rakesh , Dobrinsky Alex , Gaevski Mikhail , Rumyantsev Sergey , Shur Michael , Shatalov Max 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We demonstrate the capability to control the optical polarization of room-temperature stimulated emissions (SEs) at 238–239 nm from optically pumped AlGaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) heterostructures on bulk AlN. The results of structural and optical characterizations provided evidence that altering the strain state in the pseudomorphically grown MQW laser structures enabled the switching of the polarization direction of the SE from predominantly transverse electric (TE) at 238 nm to predominantly transverse magnetic (TM) at 239 nm. The SE observed at 238 nm represents the shortest peak wavelength with TE polarization yet reported for AlGaN materials grown on any type of substrate.
Bamboo tea: reduction of taxonomic complexity and application of DNA diagnostics based onrbcLandmatKsequence data
Authors: Horn Thomas , Häser Annette 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundNames used in ingredient lists of food products are trivial and in their nature rarely precise. The most recent scientific interpretation of the term bamboo (Bambusoideae,Poaceae) comprises over 1,600 distinct species. In the European Union only few of these exotic species are well known sources for food ingredients (i.e., bamboo sprouts) and are thus not considered novel foods, which would require safety assessments before marketing of corresponding products. In contrast, the use of bamboo leaves and their taxonomic origin is mostly unclear. However, products containing bamboo leaves are currently marketed.MethodsWe analysed bamboo species and tea products containing bamboo leaves using anatomical leaf characters and DNA sequence data. To reduce taxonomic complexity associated with the term bamboo, we used a phylogenetic framework to trace the origin of DNA from commercially available bamboo leaves within the bambusoid subfamily. For authentication purposes, we introduced a simple PCR based test distinguishing genuine bamboo from other leaf components and assessed the diagnostic potential ofrbcLandmatKto resolve taxonomic entities within the bamboo subfamily and tribes.ResultsBased on anatomical and DNA data we were able to trace the taxonomic origin of bamboo leaves used in products to the generaPhyllostachysandPseudosasafrom the temperate “woody” bamboo tribe (Arundinarieae). Currently availablerbcLandmatKsequence data allow the character based diagnosis of 80% of represented bamboo genera. We detected adulteration by carnation in four of eight tea products and, after adapting our objectives, could trace the taxonomic origin of the adulterant toDianthus chinensis(Caryophyllaceae), a well known traditional Chinese medicine with counter indications for pregnant women.
Interhemispheric transport of light neutral species in the thermosphere
Authors: Sutton Eric K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA mechanistic description of neutral species transport is presented, reconciling two long‐standing yet ostensibly incompatible interpretations of the “wind‐induced diffusion” of thermospheric constituents. Regarding the creation and sustainment of anomalous winter distributions of light species (e.g., atomic oxygen or helium), the theory of Reber and Hays (1973) cites vertical advection as the main cause while Mayr et al. (1978) cite horizontal transport—both in the presence of a diffusively separated atmosphere. We demonstrate that these theories are not at odds with each other. Instead, they describe two coherent aspects of a single process: convergent (divergent) horizontal motion increases downwelling (upwelling), thereby transporting light constituents both horizontally and vertically simultaneously. Such a connection between horizontal and vertical transport is straightforward and well established for the mass‐averaged circulation. Yet this connection has remained obscure for a single minor species entrained within the flow, in part due to the appearance of the composition equation when expressed in a Eulerian frame of reference. Concrete evidence is presented in terms of model equations and diagnostics, establishing a direct link between the horizontal and vertical transport of an atmospheric constituent. Consequently, we are able to show that winter accumulations of light species arise from an interhemispheric migration operating on seasonal timescales, rather than from their redistribution within the vertical column. This new understanding has implications for the timescales at play in both the F region ionosphere and lower exosphere, two regions profoundly impacted by light neutral species.
Dust detection in space using the monopole and dipole electric field antennas
Authors: Ye S.‐Y. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Averkamp T. F. , Gurnett D. A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDuring the grand finale of the Cassini mission, the Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument will be used to assess the risk involved in exposing the instruments to the dusty environment around the F and D rings. More specifically, the slope of the size distribution and the dust density will be determined based on the signals induced on the electric antennas by dust impacts. To reduce the uncertainties in the generation mechanism of the dust impact signals and the resulting dust properties based on the interpretation of data, we designed and carried out experiments in late 2015, when we switched antenna mode from monopole to dipole at the ring plane crossings. Comparison of the data collected with these two antenna setups provides valuable hints on how the dust impact signals are generated in each antenna mode.
Spatial distribution and energy release of nonvolcanic tremor at Parkfield, California
Authors: Staudenmaier Nadine , Edwards Benjamin , Tormann Thessa , Zechar J. Douglas , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNonvolcanic tremors (NVTs) are observed in transition zones between freely slipping and locked sections of faults and normally occur below the seismogenic zone. Based on NVT recordings in the Parkfield region of the San Andreas Fault, we provide a novel approach to assess the energy release of these events and assign magnitudes (Me) that are compatible with size estimates of small earthquakes in the same region. To assess the energy magnitude of a detected tremor, we refine the estimate of its duration and perform a spectral analysis that accounts for local attenuation. For the 218 NVTs that we were able to process, we resolve Me values in the range of −0.67 to 0.84. For events, which we could not process using the spectral analysis technique, we propose a statistical model to estimate Me values using observable characteristics, such as peak amplitude, spectral velocity at the source corner frequency, and duration. We furthermore provide seismic moment and moment magnitude estimates and calculate stress drops in a range of 3–10 kPa. As a result of our spectral analyses, we find strong indications regarding the ongoing debate about potential NVT location hypotheses: the Parkfield NVTs have a higher probability to be located in the proposed three‐dimensional cloud‐like cluster than in any other suggested location distribution.
Preparation and characterization of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes decorated with silver nanoparticles through ultraviolet irradiation reduction
Authors: Chen Shuyun , Wei Yizhe , Zou Liming , Lu Hongwei , Xu Yongjing , Hua Jianbing , Sun Hong , Peng Xianyang , Liu Bo 
Published: December 2016

A facile, green and efficient approach was applied to synthesize multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) decorated with silver nanoparticles (MWNT‐Ag) for further potential application. Oxidized MWNTs were decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) via a method combining ultraviolet irradiation‐induced reduction and conventional silver mirror reaction without any reducing agent. The obtained product was characterized using various methods. X‐ray diffraction proved that the Ag NPs were synthesized successfully. Moreover, Ag NPs with a diameter of 80 nm, attached onto MWNTs, could be clearly observed in field emission scanning electron microscopy images, which also confirmed Ag NPs. Energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy also indicated the presence of Ag NPs. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis was used to measure the content of Ag NPs in MWNT‐Ag, the result indicating that the weight content of Ag NPs was up to 31.88%. UV–visible absorption spectroscopy was adopted to evaluate the dispersion property of MWNT‐Ag. The result illustrated that MWNT‐Ag had a good dispersibility and stability in water. Characterization was also carried out through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis.
Experimental determination of the effective thermal conductivity of Vacuum Insulation Panels at fire temperatures
Authors: Kontogeorgos Dimos A. , Semitelos Georgios K. , Mandilaras Ioannis D. , Caps Roland , Founti Maria A. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIn this study, the effective thermal conductivity of a commercial Vacuum Insulation Panel (VIP) at temperatures up to 900 °C is experimentally determined. An experimental setup, based on the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus (HFMA) method, is designed and realized. Two commercially available VIPs (each 20 mm thick) are joined together to form a specimen, which is subjected to fire conditions from one side, while the other side is at ambient conditions. The temperatures on both sides of the specimen and the heat flux on the unexposed side are recorded. The experimental data are coupled with a numerical model, which takes into account the one dimensional steady state heat transfer through the thickness of the specimen and the detailed heat transfer mechanisms for the effective thermal conductivity of the VIP. Gas, solid and radiation conduction mechanisms are considered and their parameters are defined through an optimization technique. The defined optimized values are found to lie between the respective values reported in the literature. The contribution of each heat transfer mechanism to the overall effective thermal conductivity is also discussed. The paper provides a generalized methodology for the estimation of the effective thermal conductivity of VIPs from ambient to fire temperatures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnesepin, 1,4‐dimagnesocin, 1,4,7‐trimagnesonin, and their C6H6Mgn, n=1‐3, isomers: A density functional computational investigation
Authors: Tabares Annette A. , Zoellner Robert W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe seven‐, eight‐, and nine‐membered magnesium‐containing heterocycles magnesepin, C6H6Mg, 1,4‐dimagnesocin, C6H6Mg2, and 1,4,7‐trimagnesonin, C6H6Mg3, have been examined computationally at the density functional B3LYP/6‐311++G** level of theory. The MgH‐substituted benzene isomers of these heterocycles [C6H5MgH; 1,2‐; 1,3‐; and 1,4‐C6H4(MgH)2; and 1,2,3‐; 1,2,4‐; and 1,3,5‐C6H3(MgH)3], the mono‐ and di‐MgH‐substituted magnesepins [2‐; 3‐; and 4‐C6H5Mg(MgH) and 2,3‐; 2,4‐; 2,5‐; 2,6‐; 2,7‐; 3,4‐; 3,5‐; 3,6‐; and 4,5‐C6H4Mg(MgH)2], and the mono‐MgH‐substituted 1,4‐dimagnesocins [2‐; 5‐; and 6‐C6H5Mg2(MgH)] have also been investigated for comparative purposes. Magnesepin optimizes as a planar heterocyclic triene with no significant aromatic character, while both 1,4‐dimagnesocin and 1,4,7‐trimagnesonin optimize as nonplanar, twisted molecules. In all cases, the isomeric MgH‐substituted benzene systems were found to contain planar rings and were more stable than the isomeric magnesium‐containing heterocycles, but the nonplanar mono‐MgH‐substituted magnesepins were found to be less stable than 1,4‐dimagnesocin, and the nonplanar di‐MgH‐substituted 1,4‐dimagnesocins were generally less stable than the mono‐MgH‐substituted magnesepins and were more stable than 1,4,7‐trimagnesonin. Evidence for intramolecular, unsymmetrical μ2‐bridging hydrogen atoms was observed in those molecules containing adjacent MgH substituents.
Changing Relationship between Unemployment and Mortality in South Korea
Authors: Lee Chulhee , Kim Kyeongbae 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOver the period from 1989 to 2012, total mortality in South Korea shifted from being weakly procyclical or unrelated to the economy to strongly countercyclical in the early 2000s. Cancers played a significant role in changing the direction of the effects of unemployment on mortality. The overall pattern of the effects of macroeconomic conditions on mortality in South Korea roughly follows the corresponding changes observed in the United States. We have provided evidence that the sudden change in the relationship between economic conditions and mortality was driven by diseases with higher and rapidly rising treatment costs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing Connectivity Index to Assess the Effects of Land Use Changes in a Mediterranean Catchment
Authors: Lizaga Ivan , Quijano Laura , Palazón Leticia , Gaspar Leticia , Navas Ana 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn the Mediterranean region, the long history of cultivation is associated with significant changes in the original landscape. Agricultural intensification and subsequent land abandonment and reforestation have significantly affected the hydrological behaviour and connectivity patterns of hydrological systems. Thus, information on the spatial distribution of land use/cover is essential for monitoring the runoff response to interpret catchment hydrology. A medium‐sized catchment of the central part of the Ebro Basin (NE Spain), representative of Mediterranean mountain agroecosystems, was selected to assess the effect of land use/cover changes during the last few decades on the hydrological network of the catchment. To this end, a topography‐based index, the ‘index of connectivity’, was applied to assess the effects of land use changes from 1957 to 2010. The sediment connectivity was estimated by using a geomorphometric approach to simulate how connectivity changes due to the different land covers. To improve this index, we used a combination of C‐factor, rugosity index and the novel application of a total aerial biomass equation over pine‐reforested areas as a weighting factor. A high‐resolution (1 × 1 m) digital elevation model was created by filtering and applying a multiscale curvature classification algorithm. The connectivity values show a decrease directly related to ~71% decrease of agricultural land. Understanding landscape patterns, changes and interactions of human activities is essential for land management in Mediterranean agroecosystems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil Organic Carbon Accumulation in Abandoned Croplands on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Chang Xiaofeng , Chai Qinglin , Wu Gaolin , Zhu Yuanjun , Li Zhongwu , Yang Yanfen , Wang Guojie 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Grain to Green Program in China which began in 1999 led to the conversion of 0.64 million ha of cropland to grassland on steep sloping landscapes. However, the pattern of natural vegetation succession following cropland has not been well represented in previous regional syntheses of land use change effects on soil organic carbon (SOC). A chronosequence study focusing on the vegetation succession and soil carbon stocks was conducted in the center of the Loess Plateau. The chronosequence included fields of 0, 2, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15 and 25 years of self‐restoration after cropland abandonment, as well as a natural grassland reference. Plant coverage, species richness and plant biomass increased significantly with time of cropland abandonment. Over time, the species composition more nearly resembled a natural grasslands community. Cropland abandonment replenished SOC stocks by 3.6 kg C m−2 during the 25‐year self‐restoration, but the SOC accumulation was restricted to the upper soil profiles (0–60 cm). SOC accumulation rate was 88 g C m−2 y−1 in 0–30 cm and 55 g C m−2 y−1 in 30–60 cm soil depth, respectively. These carbon stocks were still significantly lower than those found in the natural grassland soil. Our results suggest that the recovery of plant communities and SOC stocks appears to be slow in this semiarid environment without revegetation effort along with appropriate field management, although the post‐agricultural soils have a high potential for carbon sequestration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.