bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Medicine: Thumb Basal Joint Arthritis
Authors: Baker Richard H. J. , Al-Shukri Jaber , Davis Tim R. C. 
Published: December 2016

Learning Objectives:
After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Assess the patient’s history, clinical examination, and radiographic findings to diagnose and stage basilar joint arthritis. 2. Recall the cause and epidemiology of the condition. 3. Formulate a management plan including nonoperative management, and evaluate the candidacy for surgical treatment. 4. Understand the rationale for the various surgical options available (including rehabilitation), their potential complications, and the evidence related to outcomes.

Summary:
This article has been prepared to accompany practice-based assessment with ongoing surgical education for the Maintenance of Certification for the American Board of Plastic Surgery. It is designed for clinicians to analyze and structure their care of a patient with arthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint.
Complementary Effects of Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy and Pulsed Radiofrequency Energy on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Chen Bin , Kao Huang-Kai , Dong Ziqing , Jiang Zhaohua , Guo Lifei 
Published: December 2016

Background:Negative-pressure wound therapy and pulsed radiofrequency energy are two clinical modalities used to treat soft-tissue wounds. They are purported to affect healing differently. The aim of this experimental study was to contrast the two modalities at a mechanistic level and to investigate whether their combined therapy could achieve additive and complementary effects on wound healing.Methods:Full-thickness dorsal cutaneous wounds of diabetic,db/db, mice were treated with either negative-pressure wound therapy, pulsed radiofrequency energy, or combined therapies. Macroscopic healing kinetics were examined. Epidermal regeneration (proliferation rate and length of reepithelialization) and neovascularization (blood vessel density) were investigated. Messenger RNA levels indicative of angiogenic (basic fibroblast growth factor), profibrotic (transforming growth factor-β), epidermal proliferative (keratinocyte growth factor), and extracellular matrix remodeling (collagen 1) processes were measured in wound tissues.Results:All three treatment groups displayed faster wound healing. The negative-pressure wound therapy/pulsed radiofrequency energy combined therapy led to significantly faster healing than either the negative-pressure wound therapy or pulsed radiofrequency energy therapy alone. Epidermal regeneration and neovascularization were enhanced in all three groups. The two negative-pressure wound therapy groups (alone and combined with pulsed radiofrequency energy) demonstrated more significant increases in expression of all assayed growth factors than the pulsed radiofrequency energy group. Furthermore, the combined therapy exhibited a more profound elevation in collagen 1 expression than either of the two therapies alone.Conclusion:Combining the negative-pressure wound therapy and pulsed radiofrequency energy modalities can achieve additive benefits in cutaneous healing, and the two therapies can be easily used together to complement each other in clinical wound treatments.
Skoog Primary Periosteoplasty versus Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Alveolus: Long-Term Effects on Alveolar Bone Formation and Maxillary Growth
Authors: Jabbari Fatima , Hakelius Malin M. , Thor Andreas L. I. , Reiser Erika A. , Skoog Valdemar T. , Nowinski Daniel J. 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Clefts involving the alveolus are treated using one of two strategies: primary periosteoplasty at the time of lip repair or secondary alveolar bone grafting at mixed dentition. Most teams favor secondary alveolar bone grafting because of its high success rate, and concerns have been raised that primary periosteoplasty may interfere with maxillary growth. However, primary periosteoplasty may obviate the need for future bone grafting and is still practiced in some centers. Few studies compare the long-term outcomes of these two strategies.

Methods:
Fifty-seven consecutive patients born with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus were studied retrospectively. All patients underwent primary lip repair using Skoog’s method; 28 patients underwent primary periosteoplasty at the time of lip repair and the remaining 29 underwent secondary alveolar bone grafting at mixed dentition. Occlusal radiographs obtained at ages 10 and 16 years were analyzed for alveolar bone height. Cephalometric analysis assessed growth at ages 5, 10, and 18 years.

Results:
Seventeen of 28 patients treated using primary periosteoplasty required later secondary bone grafting, and the bone height at age 16 years was lower in the primary periosteoplasty group (p < 0.0001). There was a more pronounced decrease in maxillary protrusion from ages 5 to 10 years in the primary periosteoplasty group (p < 0.03). However, at age 18 there was no significant difference in maxillary growth between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Primary periosteoplasty did not seem to inhibit long-term maxillary growth but was ineffective as a method of reconstructing the alveolar cleft.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
The Lipo–Body Lift: A New Circumferential Body-Contouring Technique Useful after Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Bertheuil Nicolas , Chaput Benoit , De Runz Antoine , Girard Paul , Carloni Raphael , Watier Eric 
Published: December 2016

Background:
After bariatric surgery, lifting of the lower body involves a contouring technique used to achieve optimal lower trunk reconstruction. The authors describe an innovative procedure applicable after massive weight loss: the lipo–body lift method. The authors describe their experience with this novel, safe procedure.

Methods:
Twenty-five abdominal body-contouring reconstructions following massive weight loss were treated by means of circumferential lipo–body lift. The authors describe the indications for the procedure and their perioperative and postoperative management.

Results:
The mean patient age was 39.4 years. The mean pre–body lift body mass index was 26.71 kg/m2; the average weight loss before surgery was 56.6 kg, with a mean delta body mass index loss of 20.82 kg/m2. The average hospital stay was 3.52 days and the drainage duration 3.56 days. No patient experienced any major complication (e.g., hematoma, thromboembolism, bleeding, skin necrosis, or a need for revision surgery to treat complications). Minor complications including wound dehiscence, wound infection, and fat necrosis were reported in 40 percent of patients. The occurrence of complications was associated with smoking status (p = 0.0280), the volume of liposuction (p = 0.0399), and the liposuction volume per unit of body mass index (p = 0.0071).

Conclusions:
The authors’ novel technique is less invasive than the traditional lower body-lifting method, as shown by the absence of major complications, and allows excellent conservation of connective tissue and vessels; undermining is minimal. As obesity becomes a major problem worldwide, lifting procedures that are safe and effective are important components of reconstructive strategies and should be widely offered to patients who experience massive weight loss.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Criticality in Cell Differentiation
Authors: Bose Indrani , Pal Mainak 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCell differentiation is an important process in living organisms. Differentiation is mostly based on binary decisions with the progenitor cells choosing between two specific lineages. The differentiation dynamics have both deterministic and stochastic components. Several theoretical studies suggest that cell differentiation is a bifurcation phenomenon, well-known in dynamical systems theory. The bifurcation point has the character of a critical point with the system dynamics exhibiting specific features in its vicinity. These include the critical slowing down, rising variance and lag-1 autocorrelation function, strong correlations between the fluctuations of key variables and non-Gaussianity in the distribution of fluctuations. Recent experimental studies provide considerable support to the idea of criticality in cell differentiation and in other biological processes like the development of the fruit fly embryo. In this Review, an elementary introduction is given to the concept of criticality in cell differentiation. The correspondence between the signatures of criticality and experimental observations on blood cell differentiation in mice is further highlighted.
Learning from Singapore’s effective anti-corruption strategy
Authors: Quah Jon S.T. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explain why Singapore has succeeded in curbing corruption and to recommend three measures for enhancing South Korea’s anti-corruption strategy.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper compares the contextual differences between Singapore and South Korea before analysing Singapore’s effective anti-corruption strategy and identifying the weaknesses of South Korea’s anti-corruption strategy.

Findings
Singapore’s success in minimising corruption is the result of its government’s strong political will and the adequate budget, personnel and operational autonomy given to the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau to enable it to enforce the anti-corruption laws impartially. To improve South Korea’s anti-corruption strategy, the Korea Anti-Corruption Agency should be established and adequately staffed and funded to investigate corruption cases. Those found guilty of corruption offences should be punished according to the law, without suspending their jail sentences or being pardoned by the president. Finally, the existing public outreach anti-corruption programmes should be evaluated to identify their weaknesses and improve their effectiveness.

Originality/value
This paper recommends three measures for South Korean policy-makers to improve their anti-corruption strategy by learning from Singapore’s success.
Emigration after socialist regime in Lithuania: why the West is still the best?
Authors: Kumpikaitė-Valiūnienė Vilmantė , Žičkutė Ineta 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the emigration situation after the socialist regime and to reveal the main reasons for emigration in present-day Lithuania answering the question why “the West is still the best” remains important to modern Lithuania.Design/methodology/approachStatistical analysis of emigration during 1980-2015 in Lithuania was presented. Reasons for emigration were identified through a review of the scientific literature on emigration theories and push-pull factors. A questionnaire was prepared according to the proposed model to reveal the main reasons for Lithuanian emigration. In total, 1,586 migrants from Lithuania participated in the survey during October-November 2015.FindingsThe results revealed the main reasons for emigration according to push and pull factors related to economic issues, such as too low wages, differences between wages and income inequality, price policies and unemployment rates. However, non-economic reasons, particularly having relatives living abroad, influence the decision to migrate as well. A comparative analysis was made according to respondents’ occupation in the home country, their age and gender. In addition, it was found that emigration has become a community value and norm in Lithuania.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted over the internet. Therefore, only people using the internet participated in this study. Moreover, it is noted that only 21 percent of the respondents were male.Practical implicationsBased on migration theories, a list of push and pull migration reasons were identified. The findings present the main reasons for migration, which are based not only on statistical data, but also on survey responses in the case of Lithuania. Differences among demographic groups of respondents according to their occupation, gender and age were highlighted and targeted solutions could be applied in practice. Potential measures for decreasing emigration could also be designed based on these findings.Social implicationsMigration was proposed as a community value and norm in Lithuania.Originality/valueBased on the migration theories and a questionnaire survey, the paper discusses reasons for emigration after the end of the socialist regime in Lithuania concentrating on the main reasons for emigration in contemporary Lithuania. In addition, it offers insights into demographic differences in reasons for emigration in relation to occupation, age and gender.
Wanting it all: the challenges of managing young talent in transition economies
Authors: Zupan Nada , Dziewanowska Katarzyna , Pearce Alison 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify challenges of talent management (TM) of transition economies, based on a study of employee and employer obligations as elements of anticipatory psychological contracts (APC) among young entrants to labor market. The authors aim to analyze how APC differ between transitional and non-transitional countries and also if there are differences between transitional countries.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a quantitative research design and conducted a survey using the PC inventory among business students in Poland and Slovenia and the UK (as a control group).FindingsThe authors found that APC in transitional countries differ significantly from the control group, with Polish and Slovenian APCs being more transactional and less relational than in the UK. Also, there are several differences between Poland and Slovenia, suggesting that Central and Eastern Europe transitional countries cannot be considered a single region in this respect.Practical implicationsThe authors identified challenges related to TM in transitional countries based on APC characteristics and proposed several ways in which employers and educators could help to build more realistic expectations and thus helping young talents with their transition from education to labor market. By increasing the understanding of APC employers can improve their TM practices for the young talents.Originality/valueThe study offers unique insights into APC of the young entrants to labor market in transitional countries, with regard to both employee and employer obligations. The three types of APC were studied along with particular dimensions of APC. The authors linked TM to the APC characteristics. Based on the results, the authors propose that socio-economic context as well as national culture should be considered as antecedents of APC formation and given more attention in both psychological contract and TM research.
Determining factors for the application of climate change adaptation strategies among farmers in Magwe District, dry zone region of Myanmar
Authors: Tun Oo Aung , Van Huylenbroeck Guido , Speelman Stijn 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Climate change negatively affects agricultural crop production in the dry zone region of Myanmar. This paper aims to examine climate change adaptation strategies of farmers in the dry zone region. Farmers’ choice for adaptation strategies is influenced by many factors such as the practical availability and by socioeconomic conditions of the farmers. They are moreover influenced by the perception about climate change and by the specific problems prevailing in the farming systems.

Design/methodology/approach
This research is carried out in Magwe district in the dry zone region of Myanmar using a random selection of 212 farmers from three Townships (Magwe, Yenanchaung and Chauk). A multinomial logistic regression (MLR) was applied to assess the factors affecting the choice by farmers for adaptation strategies.

Findings
The study found that in the past, farmers used to apply locally available indigenous climate change adaptation strategies. However, recently, most farmers seem to have shifted to introduced adaptation strategies. The most popular adaptation strategy is to adjust the planting dates and sowing method (56.1 per cent). Furthermore, farmers identified a number of barriers that limit the adoption of adaptation methods. Risk is found to be an important driver of crop diversification. Finally, the MLR model showed that information from radio, access to seeds and extension services affect the choice of adaptation strategies.

Originality/value
The study shows that adoption of locally available indigenous climate change adaptation methods is gradually decreasing, and there is a shift to introduced adaptation strategies. The study can assist public and private organizations to obtain insight in the determinants of climate change adaptation in the dry zone region of Myanmar.
Impact of climate change on the precipitation pattern of district Sargodha, Pakistan
Authors: Mobeen Muhammad , Ahmed Haroon , Ullah Fahad , Riaz Muhammad Omar , Mustafa Irfan , Khan Mobushir Riaz , Hanif Muhammad Usman 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Spatio-temporal variations in precipitation pattern of district Sargodha is one of the most significant researchable questions because of the massive reliance on rainfall for agricultural practice in the study area. The pattern of current rainfall in the study area is unexpectedly changed. The purpose of the present study is to examine the changing precipitation pattern and to link it with climate change.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted by using rainfall data of the past 30 years collected from 8 meteorological stations around the study area. The averages of rainfall on monthly basis were temporally arranged, and the fluctuation trends were studied using GIS and statistics. The temporal data of rainfall were compared and contrasted with the precipitation normals of the study area from 1981to 2010. The rainfall deviation in the present study was calculated. The spatial pattern of rainfall was plotted by interpolating the eight points of Punjab around the study area for the first two decades, whereas the past decade was analysed by incorporating five more points of Tehsils in the existing eight. The spatial and statistical representation of data were examined by compare and contrast with the previous findings.

Findings
The rainfall in the study area showed remarkable changes in magnitude and spatiality. The rainfall in the district is on the rise, whereas the spatial pattern of rainfall is becoming more complex and anomalous in character. This paper provides convincing evidence about the impact of climate change on the magnitude and spatial patterns of precipitation in the study area.

Practical implications
It will be helpful for understanding the shifts in the rainfall pattern in future as well as for the preparation of response to the issue of climate change and its impacts.

Originality/value
The current manuscript, for the very first time, provided detailed insights about the precipitation pattern shifting during the last 30 years in district Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Furthermore, agricultural sector would likely get severally affected because of seasonal changes in climatic factors like rainfall and have strong food security implications. The current findings will be useful to manage the climate change-related issues in Pakistan and helpful for the policy makers to design a coping strategy for climate change impacts.
Role of government towards adoption of cleaner technologies for climate proactivity
Authors: Satapathy Santanu Kumar , Sangle Shirish , Unnikrishnan Seema 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThere is a need for considerable attention on the adoption of cleaner technologies (CT) by firms for climate proactivity for developing countries such as India. Literature survey suggests that government, market and civil society are the key drivers of CT adoption (CTA) in developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating and moderating role of the government in CTA for climate proactivity.Design/methodology/approachThe data collected from a survey of Indian firms were analyzed through exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis to examine the mediating and moderating role of the government.FindingsThe empirical outcome was compared with the current government policies to summarize the research findings.Research limitations/implicationsThere is scope of future research to examine the moderating and mediating role of market and civil society in CTA for climate proactivity.Practical implicationsThe study will provide significant insight into various stakeholders associated with the CTA such as government, technology manufacturers, marketing community, environmental professionals and associated researchers. The research model will be useful for policymakers, managers and researchers for understanding CTA in the Indian context.Social implicationsThe output model will be useful for the government to formulate forward-looking strategies toward the adoption of CT by industries for climate proactivity.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies in which the government was recognized as a key driver of CTA, this study makes an attempt to test the moderating/mediating role of government in CTA in India. The findings of the study are supported by adequate empirical evidence.
Systematic review of mirror therapy compared with conventional rehabilitation in upper extremity function in stroke survivors
Authors: Pérez‐Cruzado David , Merchán‐Baeza Jose Antonio , González‐Sánchez Manuel , Cuesta‐Vargas Antonio I. 
Published: December 2016

Background/aimStroke is a leading cause of disability in developed countries. One of the most widespread techniques in clinical practice is mirror therapy (MT). To determine the effectiveness of MT over other methods of intervention in the recovery of upper limb function in people who have had a stroke.MethodsA systematic review was conducted. The search string was established based on the last systematic review about MT that dated from 2009: “upper extremity” OR “upper limb “AND “mirror therapy” AND stroke. For this search Pubmed, Scopus and SciELO databases were used.ResultsFifteen studies were included in the systematic review. Recovery of the upper limb, upper limb function and gross manual dexterity were frequently measured in these studies.ConclusionsIn the primary variables in promoting recovery, MT alone showed better results in acute and chronic stroke patients in upper limb functioning than either conventional rehabilitation (CR) or CR plus MT.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42015026869
Obesity, Body Mass Index, and Homicide
Authors: Omond Kimberley J. , Langlois Neil E. I. , Byard Roger W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe body mass indexes (BMIs) of 100 randomly selected homicide cases from the files of Forensic Science SA were compared to the Australian and South Australian populations. There were 70 males and 30 females (M:F = 2.3:1; age range 18–84 years; mean 42.3 years). There was a substantially lower proportion of obese individuals in the homicide population compared to the general Australian and South Australian populations (19% [vs.] 27.9% and 30%, respectively). A second group of 144 randomly selected autopsy cases where the BMI was ≥40 kg/m2 was analyzed. There were 77 males and 67 females (M:F = 1.2:1; age range 23–78 years; mean 46.7 years). The majority of deaths were natural (N = 108), with no homicides. A negative association between obesity and homicide has, therefore, been demonstrated. Reasons for the lower numbers of obese/morbidly obese individuals among homicide victims are unclear, but may include physical protection afforded by fat padding from sharp force injuries, and relative sociodemographic isolation.