bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global maximization of Jatropha oil production under semi‐arid conditions by balancing vegetative growth with reproductive capacity
Authors: Vaknin Yiftach , Yermiyahu Uri , Bar‐Tal Asher , Samocha Yael 
Published: December 2017

AbstractJatropha curcas L. is a drought tolerant crop that is globally cultivated under semi‐arid conditions as a biodiesel feedstock. Despite its great potential, however, many projects failed to reach commercially viable seed and oil yields. The aim of the study was to provide globally applicable solutions for maximization of Jatropha oil production under semi‐arid conditions. Under extremely low irrigation (10% of potential evapotranspiration; ETp), fruit production was very low and a surprisingly significant portion of the fruits delayed their maturity up to six months post‐bloom. Increasing irrigation to mid‐level (60% ETp) significantly elevated fruit production and speeded up the ripening rate, whereas further increasing irrigation to a higher level (90% ETp) decreased seed and oil yields, probably due to the increased investment in vegetative growth. Nevertheless, maximal seed and oil yields at 60% ETp remained far below targeted yields. Coupling irrigation at 60% ETp, with induction of vegetative arrest, by soil application of a commercial gibberellin synthesis inhibitor, brought forward the second bloom period by two months, reduced vegetative growth, promoted floral production and significantly enhanced reproductive capacity by more than doubling oil production. The results show that under semi‐arid conditions, commercially viable seed and oil yields of Jatropha can be achieved by carefully balancing vegetative growth with reproductive capacity through the combined application of optimal irrigation regimes and induced vegetative arrest.
Poplar and shrub willow energy crops in the United States: field trial results from the multiyear regional feedstock partnership and yield potential maps based on the PRISM‐ELM model
Authors: Volk Timothy A. , Berguson Bill , Daly Christopher , Halbleib Michael D. , Miller Raymond , Rials Timothy G. , Abrahamson Lawrence P. , Buchman Dan , Buford Marylin , Cunningham Michael W. , Eisenbies Mark , Fabio Eric S. , Hallen Karl , Heavey Justin , Johnson Gregg A , Kuzovkina Yulia A , Liu Bo , Mcmahon Bernie , Rousseau Randy , Shi Shun , Shuren Richard , Smart Lawrence B. , Stanosz Glen , Stanton Brain , Stokes Bryce , Wright Jeff 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTo increase the understanding of poplar and willow perennial woody crops and facilitate their deployment for the production of biofuels, bioproducts, and bioenergy, there is a need for broadscale yield maps. For national analysis of woody and herbaceous crops production potential, biomass feedstock yield maps should be developed using a common framework. This study developed willow and poplar potential yield maps by combining data from a network of willow and poplar field trials and the modeling power of PRISM‐ELM. Yields of the top three willow cultivars across 17 sites ranged from 3.60 to 14.6 Mg ha−1 yr−1 dry weight, while the yields from 17 poplar trials ranged from 7.5 to 15.2 Mg ha−1 yr−1. Relationships between the environmental suitability estimates from the PRISM‐ELM model and results from field trials had an R2 of 0.60 for poplar and 0.81 for willow. The resulting potential yield maps reflected the range of poplar and willow yields that have been reported in the literature. Poplar covered a larger geographic range than willow, which likely reflects the poplar breeding efforts that have occurred for many more decades using genotypes from a broader range of environments than willow. While the field trial data sets used to develop these models represent the most complete information at the time, there is a need to expand and improve the model by monitoring trials over multiple cutting cycles and across a broader range of environmental gradients. Despite some limitations, the results of these models represent a dramatic improvement in projections of potential yield of poplar and willow crops across the United States.
Advances in flowering phenology across the Northern Hemisphere are explained by functional traits
Authors: König Patrizia , Tautenhahn Susanne , Cornelissen J. Hans C. , Kattge Jens , Bönisch Gerhard , Römermann Christine 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimNumerous studies have reported changes in first flowering day (FFD‐changes) in response to changes in climate. However, regarding the direction (advances versus delays) and the intensity (number of days/decade) of FFD‐changes, species show differences even when observed in the same location. Here, we examine the extent to which plant traits can explain observed differences in the response of flowering phenology in trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses.LocationEighteen sites distributed over the Northern Hemisphere.MethodsWe compiled data from the literature on FFD‐changes over recent decades for 562 species (648 observations). We related FFD‐changes to predictor variables associated with (a) changes in climate, (b) local site conditions and (c) traits.ResultsOf all FDD‐changes, 80.4% were FFD‐advances, 69.9% not exceeding 5 days/decade, and 10.5% exceeding 5 days/decade, whereas 19.6% reported delays. The intensity of FFD‐advances could be explained by several predictor variables from all three groups (a–c). The importance of these variables differed between the growth forms. Overall, decreasing precipitation was more important than increasing temperature in explaining FFD‐advances. FFD‐advances were strongest in polar tundra and in dry and warm habitats. Traits related to competition and growth rate, like plant height, specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content, had substantial explanatory power in the models. Traits had the highest overall importance in trees and grasses. In herbs they were of equal importance with changes in climate. In shrubs, variables related to site conditions best explained the intensity of FFD‐advances.Main conclusionsPlant traits are important to understand species‐specific and growth form‐specific differences in phenological responses to climatic changes. Hence, in future observations and predictions of plant phenology, traits should be taken into consideration, especially those related to competition and growth rate, as they improve our understanding of adaptations leading to phenological changes.
Balloon pulmonary angioplasty is effective for treating peripheral‐type chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in elderly patients
Authors: Yamagata Yuki , Ikeda Satoshi , Nakata Tomoo , Yonekura Tsuyoshi , Koga Seiji , Muroya Takahiro , Koide Yuji , Kawano Hiroaki , Maemura Koji 
Published: December 2017

AimBalloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) has recently been established as an effective therapy for peripheral‐type chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). However, the safety and effectiveness of BPA in elderly patients with CTEPH have not been clarified.MethodsA total of 19 patients with CTEPH who underwent BPA were recruited. The patients were assigned to groups by age, <70 years (non‐elderly; n = 11) and ≥70 years (elderly; n = 8). Hemodynamic parameters, right ventricular function and plasma N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide were assessed before and after BPA, and complications arising after BPA were also evaluated.ResultsHemodynamic parameters and right heart function did not differ significantly between the two groups at baseline. BPA significantly improved pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance and fractional area change in both groups (all P < 0.05), although the differences were comparable. No fatal complications developed, but the frequency of minor complications, such as transient hemoptysis, was higher in the elderly group than in the non‐elderly group (median 0.45 [interquartile range 0.27–0.63] vs 0 [0–0.33], respectively; P = 0.021). The frequency of such complications was also higher in patients with a psychiatric disorder than in those without (0.50 [0.44–1.00] vs 0.14 [0–0.33], respectively; P = 0.006). Multivariate regression analysis identified higher age, baseline N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide values and an underlying psychiatric disorder as significant predictors of complications of BPA.ConclusionsBPA is an effective treatment for peripheral‐type CTEPH regardless of age; however, higher age, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide values before treatment and an underlying psychiatric disorder might be associated with minor complications. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 678–684
Texture‐modified diets are associated with decreased muscle mass in older adults admitted to a rehabilitation ward
Authors: Shimizu Akio , Maeda Keisuke , Tanaka Kei , Ogawa Mei , Kayashita Jun 
Published: December 2017

AimTexture‐modified diets (TMD) have significantly lower energy and protein content than normal diets. Therefore, TMD can cause malnutrition and loss of muscle mass. However, few studies have reported the relationship between TMD and decreased skeletal muscle mass. The aim of the present study was to clarify the association between TMD and decreased skeletal muscle mass.MethodsWe reviewed data of 188 older adult patients who were admitted to a rehabilitation hospital. TMD were defined based on the Japanese Dysphagia Diet Criteria 2013 proposed by the Japanese Society of Dysphagia Rehabilitation. The Mini Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form was used to assess nutritional status; dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry was used to measure the skeletal muscle mass index, and the cut‐off values for decreased skeletal muscle mass index were based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia; the Functional Independence Measure was used to evaluate activities of daily living.ResultsThe patients’ mean age was 80.6 ± 7.5 years, and 62% were women. A total of 22 patients (11.7%) consumed TMD. A total of 104 patients (55.3%) had decreased skeletal muscle mass, and approximately 90% of them consumed TMD. Decreased skeletal muscle mass index (odds ratio 7.199, 95% confidence interval 1.489–34.805, P ≤ 0.01) and Functional Independence Measure scores (odds ratio 0.972, 95% confidence interval 0.952–0.992, P ≤ 0.01) were independently related to TMD in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe TMD group was associated with decreased skeletal muscle mass. Future, prospective studies are necessary to investigate causality. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 698–704
Manifest Injustice? The Judiciary as Moderator of Penal Excess in the Sentencing of Youth for Murder
Authors: LYNCH NESSA 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA principled approach to the sentencing of young people requires recognition of their particular mitigating characteristics, including brain development. Contemporary approaches to the sentencing of murder involve mandatory or presumptive sentencing. Legislative allowance for judicial discretion has been suggested as a counterbalance to the punitive effect on young offenders. This article uses New Zealand as a case study to consider whether, and how, judges would exercise a ‘safety valve’ discretionary provision for young offenders. Judges acted (at least in part) to moderate penal excess in the imposition of long minimum periods of imprisonment (MPIs), but it seems that a discretionary sentencing provision of itself will not ensure proportionate and humane sentences for this category of offender. This lends support to the idea that appropriate legislative caps and a requirement of demonstrated risk to public safety for a sentence of imprisonment may be a better avenue for ensuring proportionality.
Helping, Holding, Hurting: A Conversation about Supervision
Authors: McNEILL FERGUS , MARK  , THOMAS OWY , THORNDEN‐EDWARDS KIM 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article begins with an overview of some of the late Bill McWilliams's key contributions to probation research and scholarship, focusing in particular on how his work helps us think about how people experience supervision, and about how the practice of supervision should be conceived and constructed. In the sections that follow, three of the co‐authors respond to these ideas from their different perspectives as service user, as frontline probation officer, and as probation manager. In the conclusion, we summarise the discussion by focusing on the role of values, of relationships and of evidence in the reform and development of probation.
Community pharmacists’ perspectives on shared decision-making in diabetes management
Authors: Rosenberg-Yunger Zahava R S , Verweel Lee , Gionfriddo Michael R , MacCallum Lori , Dolovich Lisa 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Shared decision-making (SDM) is an approach where patients and clinicians share evidence and patients are supported to deliberate options resulting in preference-based informed decisions. The aim of this study was to describe community pharmacists’ perceptions and awareness of SDM within their provision of general diabetes management [including Ontario's MedsCheck for Diabetes (MCD) programme], and potential challenges of implementing SDM within community pharmacy.

Methods
This qualitative study used semistructured interviews with a convenience sample of community pharmacists. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Key findings
We conducted 16 interviews. Six participants were male, and nine were certified diabetes educators. When providing a MCD, participants used aspects of a patient-centred approach focusing on providing education. Variation was evident in participants’ description and use of SDM, as well as in their perceived level of training in SDM. Participants also highlighted challenges surrounding implementing a SDM approach in practice.

Conclusion
Pharmacists are well positioned to apply SDM within community settings; however, implementation barriers exist. Pharmacists will require additional training as well as perceived patient and physician barriers should be addressed to encourage uptake.
CD70 encoded by modified vaccinia virus Ankara enhances CD8 T‐cell‐dependent protective immunity in MHC class II‐deficient mice
Authors: Bathke Barbara , Pätzold Juliane , Kassub Ronny , Giessel Raphael , Lämmermann Kerstin , Hinterberger Maria , Brinkmann Kay , Chaplin Paul , Suter Mark , Hochrein Hubertus , Lauterbach Henning 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe immunological outcome of infections and vaccinations is largely determined during the initial first days in which antigen‐presenting cells instruct T cells to expand and differentiate into effector and memory cells. Besides the essential stimulation of the T‐cell receptor complex a plethora of co‐stimulatory signals not only ensures a proper T‐cell activation but also instils phenotypic and functional characteristics in the T cells appropriate to fight off the invading pathogen. The tumour necrosis factor receptor/ligand pair CD27/CD70 gained a lot of attention because of its key role in regulating T‐cell activation, survival, differentiation and maintenance, especially in the course of viral infections and cancer. We sought to investigate the role of CD70 co‐stimulation for immune responses induced by the vaccine vector modified vaccinia virus Ankara–Bavarian Nordic® (MVA‐BN®). Short‐term blockade of CD70 diminished systemic CD8 T‐cell effector and memory responses in mice. The dependence on CD70 became even more apparent in the lungs of MHC class II‐deficient mice. Importantly, genetically encoded CD70 in MVA‐BN® not only increased CD8 T‐cell responses in wild‐type mice but also substituted for CD4 T‐cell help. MHC class II‐deficient mice that were immunized with recombinant MVA‐CD70 were fully protected against a lethal virus infection, whereas MVA‐BN®‐immunized mice failed to control the virus. These data are in line with CD70 playing an important role for vaccine‐induced CD8 T‐cell responses and prove the potency of integrating co‐stimulatory molecules into the MVA‐BN® backbone.
Parental involvement in adolescent depression interventions: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Dardas Latefa Ali , van de Water Brittney , Simmons Leigh Ann 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDespite the widespread research recommendations for psychiatric nurses and other mental health professionals to include parents in adolescent depression treatment, no systematic reviews have yet synthesized the findings from intervention studies that included parents in the treatment and/or prevention of adolescent depression. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to (i) identify and describe clinical trials that included parents as an integral component of adolescent depression interventions, (ii) examine the effectiveness of these trials in reducing depressive symptoms, and (iii) evaluate their methodological quality. We systematically searched the databases PubMed and PsycINFO. The search strategy adhered to the PRISMA statement to guide identification and selection of articles. Further, a structured evaluation form was adapted from the CONSORT statement and methodological literature to evaluate the elicited clinical trials. A total of 288 unique articles met criteria for abstract level screening, 45 articles were selected for full‐text review, and 16 articles were included in the final analysis. We found that (i) available approaches to include parents in adolescent depression interventions vary in their theoretical stance, purpose, sample characteristics, and measured outcomes, (ii) the health outcomes of these approaches seemed to be contingent upon the nature of parental involvement, and (iii) effective translation of these approaches into practice needs to be considered in the light of their methodological rigour. Our review revealed a variety of promising approaches to utilize the parental and family contexts as a means of preventing or treating adolescent depression. However, more research is needed to determine which interventions, within what contexts, and using what resources will facilitate the best health outcomes for adolescents with depression and their parents.
Thermal barrier coatings with interface modified by 3D mesh patterns: Failure analysis and design optimization
Authors: Luo Lirong , Shan Xiao , Guo Yi , Zhao Chunshan , Wang Xin , Zhao Xiaofeng , Guo Fangwei , Xiao Ping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSurface patterning of the bond coat using a three‐dimensional mesh offers a promising approach to improve the durability of the thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), in which the geometry parameters of the mesh play a vital role. The objective of this work is to investigate the failure behavior of the air‐plasma sprayedTBCs with mesh, and to identify the optimal mesh design. The study revealed that the failure sequence of theTBCs with mesh patterns consisted of (I) initiation of the interfacial and ridge cracks (around the top of the mesh); (II) cracks propagation and buckling of theYSZlayer; (III) interfacial cracks deflection and coalescence with ridge cracks, leading to final spallation. The critical parameters governing each step of the failure sequence were discussed and proposed. For a typicalTBCs withYSZthickness about 200 μm, the critical mesh heighthand spacing lengthLis about 110 μm and 7 mm, respectively, when the mesh widthwis fixed at about 480 μm.
The Design of Stereotype and the Image
Authors: Roxburgh Mark , Caratti Elena 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOur everyday life is influenced by an overproduction of images and by an iconogenic surplus that is connected to the proliferation of media. These contribute to both the quality and quantity of communication, but simultaneously amplify the knowledge gap between an audience that is able to critically process messages and another that is affected uncritically by prejudices and stereotypes. Bellino argues for a critical media education to address this gap by encouraging the development of students' critical thinking and social awareness. In this article we will discuss the results of a research‐driven design project in which visual communication design students engaged with theories of cultural stereotypes and critiqued the role of media in their perpetuation. We adopted Kolb's model of experiential learning as recent published research demonstrates that art and design students have difficulties in conventional academic approaches to learning theory. In this regard students learned theories of stereotype through doing and making and embodied this learning in their critical project outcomes.
The NSEAD Survey Report 2015–16: Political Reflections from Two Art and Design Educators
Authors: Payne Rachel , Hall Emese 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn 2015 the (UK) National Society for Education in Art and Design (NSEAD) conducted their biggest and most comprehensive survey to date with art and design educators. Some 1,191 teachers and lecturers employed in early years to further education settings across England and Wales responded to the survey, which aimed to capture how government policy since 2010 has affected art and design education. Four key areas were examined: curriculum provision; value given to the subject within the school community; professional development opportunities; and well‐being and workload. The results are troubling, indicating a systemic marginalisation of art and design across all sectors, evident in a reduction in choice, provision and curriculum time, and evidence of falling standards in student attainment at primary to secondary transfer. We supported the NSEAD with constructing the survey and writing the report and in this article we utilise the Survey Report to fuel a broader discussion about our concerns regarding the demise of art and design education. Value is identified as an essential theme and we posit that our subject, largely due to neoliberalist policy, is currently perceived as a ‘bimbo’: attractive, but unintelligent and frivolous. In this article we pay particular attention to the value of art and design education from a political perspective, challenging narrow government agendas.
Evaluating Students’ Performance in Responding to Art: The Development and Validation of an Art Criticism Assessment Rubric
Authors: Tam Cheung On 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article reports on the development and validation of a rubric for assessing students’ written responses to artworks. Since the implementation of the Hong Kong New Senior Secondary Curriculum in 2009, art educators have seen responding to artworks as increasingly important. In this context, the Art Criticism Assessment Rubric (ACAR) was developed. On the basis of Feldman's and Geahigan's theories of art criticism, eight evaluation criteria were identified. The inter‐rater reliability (IRR) of the ACAR was examined. A preliminary IRR test was conducted and an excellent intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) value of .91 was obtained. For the main study, six independent raters, who were divided into three groups of two, were trained and invited to rate 87 art criticism essays written by students from eight secondary schools. Most dimensions of the ACAR achieved good ICC values. The results show that the ACAR is an acceptable rubric for providing a reliable assessment of students’ written responses to artworks. However, two dimensions, Originality and Balanced Views and Application of Aesthetic and Contextual Knowledge, obtained poor ICC values. This may be owing to the lack of consensus on the definition of originality and the raters' unfamiliarity with the concept of aesthetic knowledge. The researchers suggest that dimension‐specific samples rated from high to low scores should be provided in raters’ training.