bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF SCAPULAR KINEMATICS DURING ARM ELEVATION IN BASEBALL PLAYERS WITH SCAPULAR DYSKINESIS: COMPARISON OF DOMINANT AND NON-DOMINANT ARMS
Authors: Yu Ho-Dong , Park Jin-Young 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe knowledge of 3-dimensional (3D) scapular kinematics is essential for understanding the pathological lesions of shoulder and elbow in throwing athletes. To date, a number of studies about alterations of static scapular position, dynamic scapular motion, or scapular dyskinesis have been conducted, yet none of them have identified consistent pattern of altered scapular kinematics in throwing athletes.OjectiveTo analyze the 3D scapular kinematics of dominant and non-dominant arms in baseball players with a pathological condition of shoulder or elbow.DesignCross-Sectional Study.SettingBaseball players from middle school to professional players.Patients (or Participants)319 baseball players who visited our clinic with the pathological condition of shoulder or elbow from December 2011 to August 2015.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)The CT scan was performed using a 64-channel multidetector CT system in a prone position with the arms at the side of the body and at 150° forward elevation with the palms toward the body.Main Outcome MeasurementsFrom 3D computed tomography, angular values of the scapula were compared between dominant and non-dominant arms with statistical analysis.ResultsThe scapular position of dominant arms showed significantly more AT, less ST at rest and more UR, IR and less ST, PRO, AT at 150° full FE compared to the non-dominant arms. The angular increment of scapular UR, IR, PRO, and AT during arm elevation increased significantly between the paired arms.ConclusionsWhen compared to the non-dominant arms, UR, AT and PRO with the arm at 150° FE of dominant symptomatic arms in baseball players tilted towards positive compensation while IR altered towards negative decompensation. In addition, the motion of the scapula increases significantly in dominant symptomatic arms, compared to the non-dominant arms.
NECK FUNCTION IN ELITE MALE RUGBY UNION PLAYERS: RESULTS FROM A PILOT FOR AN INTERVENTION STUDY
Authors: Zietsman Bianca , Holth Espen Aag , McCarthy Peter 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundElite male rugby union players have a decreased active cervical spine rage of motion (ACROM), the severity correlates to both number of years playing and position (Lark & McCarthy 2007, Scher 1990), but a measurable decrease occurs over a season (Lark & McCarthy 2010).ObjectiveThe aim was to ascertain whether a neck prehabiliation protocol, using body weighted suspension bands (FKPro),could affect the expected attrition in cervical spine function.DesignACROM of all participants was measured with a CROM device (Capuano-Pucciet al1991), using a Latin square randomisation to eliminate order effects. Likert scale questionnaires were also provided to all participants (pain and associated symptomatology).SettingA clinical setting within semi professional Welsh Rugby Union Club.Participants19 participants were recruited from Beddau RFC first XV. All players were included in the study, unless the player was ruled out from training or playing for clinical reasons. Height 181.5 (±5.9) cm, weight 98.7 (±17.2 kg, age 23.9 (±4.2) yrs.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Participants underwent a progressive 8 week intervention, using the FKPRO with neck harness. Postural and isometric holds were performed of 30 seconds duration in four directions under clinical supervision twice weekly (training days).Main Outcome MeasurementsChange in ACROM.ResultsTable 1Total flexion/ extensionTotal rotationTotal lateral flexionPRE intervention122.8 (±14.2)123.0 (±19.5)89.3 (±14.3)POST intervention126.4 (±16.7)128.6 (±15.4)87.1 (±13.8)ConclusionsThe apparent lack of decrease in ACROM (i.e. no statistical difference) could indicate that the prehabilitation protocol helps compensate for the effects of participation in the contact sport on the cervical spine of athletes. A full study (duration of the playing season) is currently underway.
THE EFFECT OF PREVENTIVE PROGRAM IN DECREASING INJURY INCIDENCE IN GYMNASTIC ATHLETES
Authors: Bittencourt Natalia , Weschenfelder Mariana , Leite Marcela , Gonçalves Gabriela , Freire Rafael , Mendonça Luciana 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundYouth gymnastic athletes have high risk for knee, ankle, spine and shoulder injury. Specific preventive programs could reduce injury incidence and sports time loss, which may reflect positively in an athlete's performance.ObjectiveCompare injury incidence rate before and after the implementation of a tailored preventive intervention in youth gymnastic athletes.DesignProspective study.SettingAll athletes were followed-up over a three-year period at Minas Tenis Clube. The tailored preventive intervention was implemented only in the third year.Patients (or Participants)82 female and male gymnastic athletes participated in this study; the mean for age was 10.59±2.69 years; body mass, 33.36 ±12.86 kg; and height 136.99±15.98 cm.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)After a preseason assessment a tailored preventive intervention was developed, including: 1) thoracic spine, shoulder, hip and ankle mobility; 2) core and scapular stabilization; 3) hip external rotation, eccentric lower limb and intrinsic foot muscle strengthening; 4) breathing exercises associated with core muscles. This preventive program was applied four times a week for 20 min supervised by the coaches and two times a week was executed by the sports physiotherapist.Main Outcome MeasurementsInjury incidence rate by 1000 hours of exposure and days of time loss were calculated each year.Resultsduring the first two years without preventive intervention the injury incidence was 8.8 and 8 injuries/1000 h, respectively. The third year with preventive intervention had an incidence rate of 3.8 injury/1000 h. The average time loss of the two years was 902 days and in the third year was 345 days. T-test revealed statistical difference pre and post intervention (p<0,02).ConclusionsThis study has shown that a tailored preventive intervention was effective to reduce the injury incidence rate in youth gymnastic athletes.
DYNAMIC TAPING AND HIGH FRONTAL PLANE KNEE PROJECTION ANGLE IN FEMALE VOLLEYBALL ATHLETES
Authors: Bittencourt Natalia , Leite Marcela , Zuin Alysson , Pereira Marina , Gonçalves Gabriela , Signoretti Silvanio 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundTwo-dimensional frontal plane knee projection angle (FPKPA) has been used to assess dynamic knee alignment during single leg squat in athletes with patellofemoral pain and to screen athletes who are at risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The Dynamic Taping (DT) could be used in motor control training to decrease load of lower limbs muscles and improve movement pattern.ObjectiveCompare FPKPA before and after the application of dynamic taping in female volleyball athletes.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe FPKPA was used to measure knee medial motion. The ICC was 0.90 and the standard error of measurement (SEM) was 1.65°. All these measurements were performed at Minas Tenis Clube.Patients (or Participants)18 female volleyball players participated in this study; the mean for age was 19.44±4.48 years; body mass, 72.28±8.20 kg; and height 182.67±7.63 cm.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)A spiral DT(double-layer /Powerband) technique was placed with the hip in 40° abduction, 20° extension and full available external rotation, aiming to resist hip adduction, flexion and internal rotation. The tape was applied by the same professional stretching until resistance begins such that increasing resistance would be created with any movement towards adduction, internal rotation and flexion thereby creating a deceleration force.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe FPKPA was recorded during single leg squat until 80° knee flexion before and after the Dynamic Taping(R)application.Results10 of 18 athletes had high FPKPA (>8o) and the T-test revealed statistical difference pre and post DT (p<0,0001). Pre DT Mean of FPKPA was 10.5oand Post DT mean was 5.4o.ConclusionsThis study has shown the DT application decreased FPKPA during single leg squat in female volleyball athletes. This approach could be an important tool to enhance movement quality and prevent knee injuries.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A NATIONAL BODY CHECKING POLICY CHANGE ON REDUCING INJURY RISK IN YOUTH ICE HOCKEY
Authors: Black Amanda M. , Hagel Brent E. , Palacios-Derflingher Luz , Schneider Kathryn J. , Emery Carolyn A. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundIn 2013, Hockey Canada introduced an evidence-informed policy change delaying the earliest age of introduction to body checking in hockey until Bantam (ages 13–14) nationwide.ObjectiveTo determine if the risk of injury, including concussions, differs for Pee Wee (11–12 years) ice hockey players in the hockey season following a national policy change disallowing body checking (2013–2014) compared with a season (2011–2012) when body checking was allowed.DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingIce hockey rinks (Alberta, Canada).ParticipantsPee Wee players (all divisions of play) in 2011/12 Alberta prior to the rule change (59 teams, n=883) and 2013/14 following the rule change (73 teams, n=617).Assessment of Risk FactorsExposure to a Pee Wee league where policy change disallowed body checking.Main Outcome MeasurementsInjuries were identified by a safety designate or team therapist if players: 1) required medical attention, 2) were unable to complete the session and/or 3) were unable to participate in sporting activity for one day. Any player with a suspected concussion was referred to a study sport medicine physician.ResultsThere were 163 game-related injuries [incidence rate (IR)=4.37/1000 game-hours], and 104 concussions (IR=2.79/1000 game-hours) prior to the rule change and 48 injuries (IR=2.16/1000 game-hours) and 24 concussions (IR=1.08/1000 game-hours) after the rule change. Based on a multivariable Poisson regression model adjusting for player size, age, body checking attitudes, previous injury, level of play, and position, accounting for clustering by team, the rate of injury and concussions significantly declined following policy change [IRR=0.50 (95% CI; 0.33 to 0.75)] and [IRR=0.34 (95% CI; 0.21 to 0.56), respectively].ConclusionsIntroduction of the 2013 national body checking policy change disallowing body checking in Pee Wee had a significant public health impact resulting in a 50% reduction in injury risk and a 66% reduction in concussion risk in Alberta, Canada.
PREVENTING CONCUSSIONS IN YOUTH ICE HOCKEY: THE EFFECT OF LOCAL BODY CHECKING POLICY CHANGE
Authors: Black Amanda M. , Hagel Brent E. , Schneider Kathryn J. , Meeuwisse Willem H. , Palacios-Derflingher Luz , Babul Shelina , Mrazik Martin , Emery Carolyn A. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundIn 2013, Hockey Canada announced a national policy change delaying the introduction of body checking in ice hockey until Bantam (ages 13–14). Following this change, several local organizations in Canada changed policy to also disallow body checking in Bantam non-elite levels (lower 60–70% by division of play).ObjectiveTo determine if the risk of concussion and severe concussion differs for non-elite Bantam ice hockey players in leagues where body checking is permitted compared with leagues where local policy change removed body checking.DesignCohort study.SettingIce hockey rinks (2014/15, 2015/16 seasons).ParticipantsYouth ice hockey players in non-elite Bantam body checking leagues (52 teams, 653 players) in Calgary and Edmonton (2014/15) and non-body checking leagues (33 teams, 396 players) in Kelowna and Vancouver (2014/15) and Calgary (2015/16), Canada.Assessment of Risk FactorsExposure to a Bantam league where body checking was not allowed.Main Outcome MeasurementsSuspected concussions were identified by a team designate and referred to a sport medicine physician. Severe concussions were defined by greater than 10 days of time-loss from ice hockey.ResultsThere were 47 game-related concussions (Incidence Proportion per 100 players [IP] =7.2; 95% CI; 5.33-9.46) and 27 severe concussions (IP=4.1; 95% CI; 2.74-5.96) in body checking leagues. In non-body checking leagues there were 12 concussions (IP=3.03; 95% CI; 1.58-5.23) and 8 severe concussions (IP=2.02; 95% CI; 0.87-3.94). There was no evidence of a difference between the non-body checking leagues in Kelowna and Vancouver (2014/15) and Calgary (2015/16). Preliminary univariate analysis indicates a protective effect of policy disallowing body checking [risk ratio (RR)=0.42 (95% CI; 0.2-0.88) for concussion and RR=0.49 (95% CI; 0.23-1.04) for severe concussion.ConclusionsThis preliminary analysis suggests a 58% lower risk of game-related concussion in non-elite Bantam leagues where local policy disallows body checking.
USING MOBILE DEVICES TO MONITOR HEALTH AND WELLBEING, IN AND OUT OF COMPETITION, IN ELITE INTERNATIONAL WOMENS SOCCER
Authors: Boyce Stephen , White Andrew , McKenna Michael , Dixon Mark , Davies Oliver , Elliott Niall 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundIn recent years mobile devices (smartphones) have been used to gather subjective and objective international athlete health and wellbeing data via athlete self-report measures (ASRM).ObjectiveTo implement a system of ASRM in elite women's international soccer players.DesignProspective observational study.SettingScotland women's soccer national squad.ParticipantsElite women international soccer players.InterventionsPlayers were asked to provide data on a daily basis via a hand held mobile device both during periods of international duty and when with their domestic clubs.Main Outcome MeasurementsASRM require players to rate their perceived level of fatigue, motivation, stress, sleep quality on a 10 point scale and objective data such as sleep hours, illness/injury and menstrual cycle.Results26 international soccer players compiled this data over a period of six months. The adherence rate overall was 48% (home based players 64%, exiles 38%). Strengths of this process include decreased administration time for support staff, quantification of athlete wellbeing providing the ability to analyse this longitudinally and decrease both observer and peer bias. Weaknesses of this form of data collection include poor compliance, unstandardised timing of completion and decreased face-to-face conversations leading to a reduction in the identification of changes to body language.ConclusionsASRM have proved an invaluable tool for the quantification of health and wellbeing within the Scottish women's national soccer team. They have provided important initial ‘red flags’ for many illness and injury situations during international and club duty. However, they cannot remove face-to-face wellbeing conversations completely and require practitioners to communicate the results obtained from ASRM for continued athlete buy-in.
SPORT SPECIFIC PREVALENCE OF CHONDRAL INJURIES IN THE HIP
Authors: Briggs Karen , Philippon Marc , Trinidade Christiano , Daniela Maglione 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundCartilage defect in the hip can progress to osteoarthritis. It is unclear if certain sports put an individual at increased risk of cartilage injury.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of chondral defects in the an active population of recreational and elite athletes that underwent hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingment (FAI).DesignComparative cohort.SettingClinical recreational to elite athletes.Patients (or Participants)1037 (769 recreational/amateur and 268 professional athletes)patients between 18 to 50 years old. The exclusion criteria included joint space of 2 mm or less, patients over the age of 50 and nonactive individuals.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Independent variable was presence of cartilage damage in the hip.Main Outcome MeasurementsType of Sports: Rotational sports; Repetitive non weightbearing; Running sports; Snow sports; Soccer; Football; Hockey; Dance.ResultsChondral defects were seen in 822 of 1037 hips. In professional athletes, 86% had a chondral defect and in recreational 77% had a chondral defect (p=0.002). Grade III/IV defects were seen in 476 of 1037 hips. In professional athletes, 50% had grade III/IV defects and 45% in recreational athletes (p=0.155).The prevalence of chondral defects was different by sport for both amateur (p=<0.001) and professional athletes (p=0.001). Grade 3 or 4 defects in professionals were most commonly see in soccer, football and hockey. Grade 3 or 4 defects in recreational/amateur athletes were most commonly seen in football, hockey and skiing. Significant differences between pro and recreational athletes was seen in hockey, rotational sports and running.ConclusionsPrevalence was different between sports and level of athletes. Sports involving contact, such as football, soccer, hockey, had higher risk of more severe defects (grade III / IV), as was snow sports with falls at high speed and sports involving repetitive rotation movements leading to high forces crossing the joint.
A COMPARISON OF THE ISOMETRIC FORCE FATIGUE-RECOVERY PROFILE IN TWO POSTERIOR CHAIN LOWER LIMB TESTS FOLLOWING SIMULATED FOOTBALL
Authors: Alcaraz Pedro E. , Matinlauri Anton , Abedin-Maghanagi Afy , Freitas Tomas T. , Martínez-Ruiz Enrique , Castillo Alberto , Mendiguchia Jurdan , Cohen Daniel D. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundLower limb posterior chain isometric peak force (IPF) measured in the supine position was found to be sensitive to match induced fatigue in footballers (McCallet al. 2015). However, hamstrings fatigue following simulated football may be greatest close to full knee extension (Cohenet al. 2014), and the majority of hamstring strains occur in an extended position (Mendiguchiaet al. 2012).ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of a simulated match on IPF in a novel test and a supine position test immediately post, and at +48 h, and +72 h post-match.DesignA within-subject, repeated-measures design was used to investigate the short-term effects of fatigue following a simulated football match-protocol –the BEASTmod904(Akubatet al. 2014).Participants17 semi-professional players (age 21.2±2.4 yrs, body mass 73.8±8.9 kg) competing in a Spanish Third-Division team volunteered to participate in the study, which was implemented after the end of their competitive season.InterventionsIPF was measured using a portable force platform immediately before (PRE) and after (POST) the BEASTmod90protocol, and at +48 h and +72 h post match. Two tests were used: (i) Standing with tested leg at 90° hip and 20° knee flexion (90:20); (ii) Supine with tested leg at 90° knee and hip flexion (S90).Main Outcome MeasurementsFatigue after a simulated football match-protocol. We hypothesized that the 90:20 would show greater levels of fatigue than the S90.ResultsIPF significantly declined PRE versus POST match in the 90:20 in both legs (p<0.001), and in the S90 in the non-dominant (p<0.001) and dominant leg (p<0.01). IPF was significantly lower at +48 h compared to PRE in the 90:20 in both legs (p<0.01, p≤0.05), but not in the S90. At +72 h, IPF was not significantly different from PRE in either test.ConclusionsThese findings suggest potential angle-specific differences in posterior chain fatigue following a simulated match, and that the 90:20 may be more sensitive to post competition residual posterior chain fatigue.
THE IMPACT OF HEAVY MENSTRUAL BLEEDING (MENORRHAGIA) AND IRON STATUS IN EXERCISING FEMALES
Authors: Bruinvels Georgie , Burden Richard J , Cushway Timothy , Brown Nicola , Pedlar Charles , Richards Toby 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe effects of the menstrual cycle on exercise participation and performance are poorly researched. Menstrual blood loss is a leading cause of iron deficiency (ID) and ultimately iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Furthermore, iron losses are increased in those who exercise. The menstrual cycle, ID and IDA may affect the ability to exercise, mood state, productivity and quality of life while also increasing fatigue and anxiety.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) on iron status; to identify the association between HMB, ID and IDA with self-reported exercise training and performance.DesignA cross-sectional study design was used.SettingRoutine healthcare assessments in Singapore.ParticipantsHealthy females (n=271; mean age 36.3±9.6 years, body mass 58.3±12.5 kg, height 1.59±0.12 m). Inclusion criteria: regularly menstruating and reporting >60 minutes exercise participation per week or ‘taking part in races, in a relatively non-competitive manner’.InterventionsNo interventions were applied.Main Outcome MeasurementsParticipants completed a ‘Female Health Questionnaire’ capturing: a 4-part diagnostic criteria for HMB; aspects of exercise training habits and performance; exercise volume; and competition level. Haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) and serum ferritin were measured in all participants.Results22.4% reported HMB, 18.8% had IDA ([Hb]<12 g/dL), 30.0% severe ID (ferritin<16 ug/L), and 48.0% had moderate ID (ferritin <30 ug/L). Those with HMB were twice as likely to suffer IDA or have moderate ID, while they were nearly three times as likely to have severe ID (p<0.05). When controlling for IDA those with HMB were 3.9 times more likely to cite negative impacts on training and performance as a result of the menstrual cycle (p<0.05).ConclusionsHeavy menstrual bleeding is common in exercising women. Regular screening should be encouraged to check iron status as this has potential to cause IDA in addition to compromising exercise training behaviours and performance.
MOUTHGUARD USE IN YOUTH ICE HOCKEY AND THE RISK OF CONCUSSION AND DENTAL INJURIES
Authors: Chisholm Dirk , Atkins Christine , Palacios-Derflingher Luz , Schneider Kathryn , Emery Carolyn , Hagel Brent 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundConcussion is the most common injury in youth ice hockey. Mouthguards can play a role in reducing the risk dental injuries; however there is limited evidence evaluating their association with concussion in youth ice hockey.ObjectiveTo assess the association between mouthguard use and risk of concussion and dental trauma in youth ice hockey.DesignNested case-control.SettingYouth ice hockey leagues (elite and non-elite) in Calgary, Canada, where mouthguard use is not mandatory.ParticipantsBaseline and injury data were collected for 11–17 year old players from 2013–2016.Assessment of Risk FactorsMouthguard use at time of injury as reported on Injury Report Forms.Main Outcome MeasurementsCase groups were defined as concussed players (therapist suspected or study physician diagnosed) and those with dental injuries; controls were players who sustained a non-concussion/non-dental injury during a game or practice. Only the first injury sustained within or between seasons was included. Frequency of mouthguard usage between cases and controls was compared. Information on baseline self-reported mouthguard use and type was also collected.ResultsAt baseline, the majority of players self reported always wearing a mouthguard during games 2,156/2,606 (82.7%) and practices 1,853/2,539 (73.0%). No dental injuries were reported during the study period. Amongst concussion cases 147/185 players (79.5%) reported mouthguard use at time of injury, compared with 134/147 controls (91.2%) (unadjusted OR=0.38 95% CI 0.18–0.76). Future analyses will include multivariable logistic regression adjusting for relevant covariates and considering effect modification. The effect of mouthguard type at time of injury, and concordance between mouthguard use at baseline and time of injury will also be examined.ConclusionsThe majority of players self reported always wearing a mouthguard at baseline when there was not mandatory enforcement. Based on preliminary univariate analyses, mouthguard use was associated with reduced odds of concussion.