bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erianin inhibits high glucose-induced retinal angiogenesis via blocking ERK1/2-regulated HIF-1α-VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Zengyang , Zhang Tianyu , Gong Chenyuan , Sheng Yuchen , Lu Bin , Zhou Lingyu , Ji Lili , Wang Zhengtao 
Published: September 2016

AbstractErianin is a natural compound found in Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious and common microvascular complication of diabetes. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of erianin on retinal neoangiogenesis and its contribution to the amelioration of DR. Erianin blocked high glucose (HG)-induced tube formation and migration in choroid-retinal endothelial RF/6A cells. Erianin inhibited HG-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) translocation into nucleus and ERK1/2 activation in RF/6A and microglia BV-2 cells. MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 blocked HG-induced HIF-1α and ERK1/2 activation in both above two cells. In addition, erianin abrogated VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo and also inhibited VEGF-induced activation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and its downstream cRaf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways in RF/6A cells. Furthermore, erianin reduced the increased retinal vessels, VEGF expression and microglia activation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that erianin inhibits retinal neoangiogenesis by abrogating HG-induced VEGF expression by blocking ERK1/2-mediated HIF-1α activation in retinal endothelial and microglial cells and further suppressing VEGF-induced activation of VEGFR2 and its downstream signals in retinal endothelial cells.
Molecular basis of the interaction between gating modifier spider toxins and the voltage sensor of voltage-gated ion channels
Authors: Lau Carus H. Y. , King Glenn F. , Mobli Mehdi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractVoltage-sensor domains (VSDs) are modular transmembrane domains of voltage-gated ion channels that respond to changes in membrane potential by undergoing conformational changes that are coupled to gating of the ion-conducting pore. Most spider-venom peptides function as gating modifiers by binding to the VSDs of voltage-gated channels and trapping them in a closed or open state. To understand the molecular basis underlying this mode of action, we used nuclear magnetic resonance to delineate the atomic details of the interaction between the VSD of the voltage-gated potassium channel KvAP and the spider-venom peptide VSTx1. Our data reveal that the toxin interacts with residues in an aqueous cleft formed between the extracellular S1-S2 and S3-S4 loops of the VSD whilst maintaining lipid interactions in the gaps formed between the S1-S4 and S2-S3 helices. The resulting network of interactions increases the energetic barrier to the conformational changes required for channel gating and we propose that this is the mechanism by which gating modifier toxins inhibit voltage-gated ion channels.
Mining gut microbiome oligopeptides by functional metaproteome display
Authors: Zantow Jonas , Just Sarah , Lagkouvardos Ilias , Kisling Sigrid , Dübel Stefan , Lepage Patricia , Clavel Thomas , Hust Michael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPathogen infections, autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders are associated with systemic antibody responses from the host immune system. Disease-specific antibodies can be important serum biomarkers, but the identification of antigens associated with specific immune reactions is challenging, in particular if complex communities of microorganisms are involved in the disease progression. Despite promising new diagnostic opportunities, the discovery of these serological markers becomes more difficult with increasing complexity of microbial communities. In the present work, we used a metagenomic M13 phage display approach to select immunogenic oligopeptides from the gut microbiome of transgenic mice suffering from chronic ileitis. We constructed three individual metaproteome phage display libraries with a library size of approximately 107 clones each. Using serum antibodies, we selected and validated three oligopeptides that induced specific antibody responses in the mouse model. This proof-of-concept study provides the first successful application of functional metaproteome display for the study of protein-protein interactions and the discovery of potential disease biomarkers.
Single-cell SNP analyses and interpretations based on RNA-Seq data for colon cancer research
Authors: Chen Jiahuan , Zhou Qian , Wang Yangfan , Ning Kang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSingle-cell sequencing is useful for illustrating the cellular heterogeneities inherent in many intricate biological systems, particularly in human cancer. However, owing to the difficulties in acquiring, amplifying and analyzing single-cell genetic material, obstacles remain for single-cell diversity assessments such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses, rendering biological interpretations of single-cell omics data elusive. We used RNA-Seq data from single-cell and bulk colon cancer samples to analyze the SNP profiles for both structural and functional comparisons. Colon cancer-related pathways with single-cell level SNP enrichment, including the TGF-β and p53 signaling pathways, were also investigated based on both their SNP enrichment patterns and gene expression. We also detected a certain number of fusion transcripts, which may promote tumorigenesis, at the single-cell level. Based on these results, single-cell analyses not only recapitulated the SNP analysis results from the bulk samples but also detected cell-to-cell and cell-to-bulk variations, thereby aiding in early diagnosis and in identifying the precise mechanisms underlying cancers at the single-cell level.
Characterization of aspartyl aminopeptidase from Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Zheng Jun , Cheng Ziying , Jia Honglin , Zheng Yonghui 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAminopeptidases have emerged as new promising drug targets for the development of novel anti-parasitic drugs. An aspartyl aminopeptidase-like gene has been identified in the Toxoplasma gondii genome (TgAAP), although its function remains unknown. In this study, we characterized TgAAP and performed functional analysis of the gene product. Firstly, we expressed a functional recombinant TgAAP (rTgAAP) protein in Escherichia coli, and found that it required metal ions for activity and showed a substrate preference for N-terminal acidic amino acids Glu and Asp. Then, we evaluated the function and drug target potential of TgAAP using the CRISPR/Cas9 knockout system. Western blotting demonstrated the deletion of TgAAP in the knockout strain. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed that TgAAP was localized in the cytoplasm of the wild-type parasite, but was not expressed in the knockout strain. Phenotype analysis revealed that TgAAP knockout inhibited the attachment/invasion, replication, and substrate-specific activity in T. gondii. Finally, the activity of drug CID 23724194, previously described as targeting Plasmodium and malarial parasite AAP, was tested against rTgAAP and the parasite. Overall, TgAAP knockout affected the growth of T. gondii but did not completely abolish parasite replication and growth. Therefore, TgAAP may comprise a useful adjunct drug target of T. gondii.
Characterization of the Pathogenesis of H10N3, H10N7, and H10N8 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses Circulating in Ducks
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Zhang Xingxing , Xu Kaidi , Teng Qiaoyang , Liu Qinfang , Li Xuesong , Yang Jianmei , Xu Jianqing , Chen Hongjun , Zhang Xiaoyan , Li Zejun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThree H10 subtype avian influenza viruses were isolated from domestic ducks in China, designated as SH602/H10N8, FJ1761/H10N3 and SX3180/H10N7, with an intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) of 0.39, 1.60, and 1.27, respectively. These H10 viruses showed a complex pathology pattern in different species, although full genome characterizations of the viruses could not identify any molecular determinant underlying the observed phenotypes. Our findings describe the pathobiology of the three H10 subtype AIVs in chickens, ducks, and mice. FJ1761/H10N3 evolved E627K and Q591K substitutions in the gene encoding the PB2 protein in infected mice with severe lung damage, suggesting that H10 subtype avian influenza viruses are a potential threat to mammals.
Short-Term Memory Performance in 7- and 8-Year-Old Children: The Relationship Between Phonological and Pitch Processing
Authors: Flagge Ashley Gaal , Estis Julie M. , Moore Robert E. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The relationship between short-term memory for phonology and pitch was explored by examining accuracy scores for typically developing children for 5 experimental tasks: immediate nonword repetition (NWR), nonword repetition with an 8-s silent interference (NWRS), pitch discrimination (PD), pitch discrimination with an 8-s silent interference (PDS), and pitch matching (PM).

Method
Thirty-six 7- and 8-year-old children (21 girls, 15 boys) with normal hearing, language, and cognition were asked to listen to and repeat nonsense words (NWR, NWRS), make a same versus different decision between 2 tones (PD, PDS), and listen to and then vocally reproduce a tone (PM).

Results
Results showed no significant correlations between tasks of phonological memory and tests of pitch memory, that participants scored significantly better on nonword repetition tasks than PD and PM tasks, and that participants performed significantly better on tasks with no silent interference.

Discussion
These findings suggest that, for typically developing children, pitch may be stored and rehearsed in a separate location than phonological information. Because of fundamental task differences, further research is needed to corroborate these data and determine the presence of developmental effects and neuroanatomical locations where a potential language/music overlap is occurring in children.
Energy harvesting from electromagnetic interference induced in the human body
Authors: Hyoung C.H. , Hwang J.H. , Lee J.H. , Kang S.W. , Kim Y.T. 
Published: September 2016

Energy harvesting using the human body as an antenna is presented. Low‐frequency interference, mainly in the 40–60 kHz range, was generated from electronic ballast of a fluorescent light. Radiated electromagnetic energy was induced in a human body and a rectifier circuit converted induced energy into DC power. An input matching network of the diode rectifier was designed based on an equivalent source model of interference. A wristband‐type harvesting module comprising a metal electrode designed to be in contact with the human skin was implemented. A power of −8.5 dBm was harvested from the body of a person with a height of 180 cm made to stand 60 cm below a fluorescent light with two 32 W lamps in a hemi‐anechoic chamber. The proposed system can supply energy to the sensors used in body area networks.
Enhancing the efficiency of the intermediate band solar cells by introducing: carrier losses, alloying and strain
Authors: Wang Qiao‐Yi , Xiong Wanshu , Rorison Judy 
Published: September 2016

A detailed balance model is used to determine the efficiency of intermediate band solar cell including carrier losses from the intermediate band. The effect of the energy gap of the host semiconductor is examined as a function of the intermediate band position in the energy gap and the host semiconductor energy gap. Generally the optimal intermediate band level decreases within the energy gap to mitigate the carrier losses, and carrier losses are less detrimental to small energy gap materials. We therefore focus on the role of carrier losses in wide bandgap semiconductor intermediate band solar cell systems, such as the GaN semiconductor with an Mn impurity band. Experimentally Mn acceptor level in the GaN energy gap is 1.8 eV above the valence band, which is 199 meV off the ideal intermediate band and reduces the efficiency to 21.36%. We demonstrate how carrier losses can be introduced into the system to shift the optimum IB position. Introducing carrier losses shifts the optimal intermediate band position to 1.8 eV above the valence band and increases the efficiency to 23.41%. We compare this to the effect of alloying GaN and introducing biaxial strain to shift the effective position of the Mn impurity band on the efficiency.
Percutaneous Closure of the Aorto-Ostial Origin of a Coronary Artery Saphenous Bypass Graft with a Large Pseudoaneurysm Using the AMPLATZER Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect Occluder
Authors: Chammas Majid , Robken Jon , Geiss Dale , Shammas Nicolas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe report the case of a 76-year-old male patient with a history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery presented with a large pseudoaneurysm emerging from a previously occluded saphenous bypass graft (SVG). A largely contained hematoma is seen in the mediastinum on computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest. Flow was seen from the ascending aorta into the pseudoaneurysm through the aorto-ostial opening of the bypass graft. Closure of the aorto-ostial origin of the graft was performed using the AMPLATZER muscular ventricular septal defect (VSD) occluder (St Jude's Medical, St. Paul, MN) with immediate interruption of flow into the graft and the pseudoaneurysm. A repeat CTA of the ascending aorta at 6 months postprocedure continued to confirm an optimal positioning of the occluder with no flow into the pseudoaneurysm. This case offers an endovascular alternative to close the aorto-ostial opening of a saphenous bypass graft in the setting of a rare but potentially life-threatening SVG pseudoaneurysm.
Matrix weighted Triebel-Lizorkin bounds: A simple stopping time proof
Authors: Isralowitz Joshua 
Published: September 2016

In this paper we will give a simple stopping time proof in the

R

d

\mathbb {R}^d

setting of the matrix weighted Triebel-Lizorkin bounds proved by F. Nazarov–S. Treil and A. Volberg, respectively. Furthermore, we provide explicit matrix A

p

{}_p

characteristic dependence and also discuss some interesting open questions.
An elemental Erdős–Kac theorem for algebraic number fields
Authors: Pollack Paul 
Published: September 2016

Fix a number field

K
K

. For each nonzero

α
∈

Z

K

\alpha \in \mathbf {Z}_K

, let

ν
(
α
)

\nu (\alpha )

denote the number of distinct, nonassociate irreducible divisors of

α
\alpha

. We show that

ν
(
α
)

\nu (\alpha )

is normally distributed with mean proportional to

(
log
⁡
log
⁡

|

N
(
α
)

|

)

D

(\log \log |N(\alpha )|)^{D}

and standard deviation proportional to

(
log
⁡
log
⁡

|

N
(
α
)

|

)

D
−
1

/

2

(\log \log {|N(\alpha )|})^{D-1/2}

. Here

D
D

, as well as the constants of proportionality, depend only on the class group of

K
K

. For example, for each fixed real

λ
\lambda

, the proportion of

α
∈

Z

[

−
5

]

\alpha \in \mathbf {Z}[\sqrt {-5}]

with
\[

ν
(
α
)
≤

1
8

(
log
⁡
log
⁡

N
(
α
)

)
2

+

λ

2

2

(
log
⁡
log
⁡

N
(
α
)

)

3

/

2

\nu (\alpha ) \le \frac {1}{8}(\log \log {N(\alpha )})^2 + \frac {\lambda }{2\sqrt {2}} (\log \log {N(\alpha )})^{3/2}

\]
is given by

1

2
π

∫

−
∞

λ

e

−

t
2

/

2

d

t

\frac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi }} \int _{-\infty }^{\lambda } e^{-t^2/2}\, \mathrm {d}t

. As further evidence that “irreducibles play a game of chance”, we show that the values

ν
(
α
)

\nu (\alpha )

are equidistributed modulo

m
m

for every fixed

m
m

.
Computerized prescriber order entry–related patient safety reports: analysis of 2522 medication errors
Authors: Amato Mary G , Salazar Alejandra , Hickman Thu-Trang T , Quist Arbor JL , Volk Lynn A , Wright Adam , McEvoy Dustin , Galanter William L , Koppel Ross , Loudin Beverly , Adelman Jason , McGreevey John D , Smith David H , Bates David W , Schiff Gordon D 
Published: September 2016

Objective: To examine medication errors potentially related to computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) and refine a previously published taxonomy to classify them.
Materials and Methods: We reviewed all patient safety medication reports that occurred in the medication ordering phase from 6 sites participating in a United States Food and Drug Administration–sponsored project examining CPOE safety. Two pharmacists independently reviewed each report to confirm whether the error occurred in the ordering/prescribing phase and was related to CPOE. For those related to CPOE, we assessed whether CPOE facilitated (actively contributed to) the error or failed to prevent the error (did not directly cause it, but optimal systems could have potentially prevented it). A previously developed taxonomy was iteratively refined to classify the reports.
Results: Of 2522 medication error reports, 1308 (51.9%) were related to CPOE. Of these, CPOE facilitated the error in 171 (13.1%) and potentially could have prevented the error in 1137 (86.9%). The most frequent categories of “what happened to the patient” were delays in medication reaching the patient, potentially receiving duplicate drugs, or receiving a higher dose than indicated. The most frequent categories for “what happened in CPOE” included orders not routed to or received at the intended location, wrong dose ordered, and duplicate orders. Variations were seen in the format, categorization, and quality of reports, resulting in error causation being assignable in only 403 instances (31%).
Discussion and Conclusion: Errors related to CPOE commonly involved transmission errors, erroneous dosing, and duplicate orders. More standardized safety reporting using a common taxonomy could help health care systems and vendors learn and implement prevention strategies.
Polarimetric properties of the Reiner Gamma swirl
Authors: Jeong Minsup , Kim Sungsoo S. , Choi Young-Jun , Garrick-Bethell Ian 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In order to understand the regolith characteristics of the Reiner Gamma swirl, one of the most prominent lunar swirls, we analyze the correlation between the linear polarization flux Q and the intensity I of the swirl. We present comparisons between the phase function (the intensity variation with the phase angle) of the swirl and the phase functions of its neighbors using polarimetric data. We find that the swirl has unusually large Q values for given I values. We also show that the phase function of the swirl is relatively shallow compared to its neighbors. We suggest that the microstructure of the regolith on the Reiner Gamma swirl has been disrupted.
Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Simulation-Based Clinical Correlation Curriculum as an Adjunctive Pedagogy in an Anatomy Course
Authors: Coombs Carmen M. , Shields Ryan Y. , Hunt Elizabeth A. , Lum Ying Wei , Sosnay Patrick R. , Perretta Julianne S. , Lieberman Rhett H. , Shilkofski Nicole A. 
Published: September 2016

Problem
Because reported use of simulation in preclinical basic science courses is limited, the authors describe the design, implementation, and preliminary evaluation of a simulation-based clinical correlation curriculum in an anatomy course for first-year medical students at Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine (in collaboration with Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine).

Approach
The simulation curriculum, with five weekly modules, was a component of a noncadaveric human anatomy course for three classes (n = 81 students) from September 2011 to November 2013. The modules were designed around major anatomical regions (thorax; abdomen and pelvis; lower extremities and back; upper extremities; and head and neck) and used various types of simulation (standardized patients, high-fidelity simulators, and task trainers). Several methods were used to evaluate the curriculum’s efficacy, including comparing pre- versus posttest scores and comparing posttest scores against the score on 15 clinical correlation final exam questions.

Outcomes
A total of 81 students (response rate: 100%) completed all pre- and posttests and consented to participate. Posttest scores suggest significant knowledge acquisition and better consistency of performance after participation in the curriculum. The comparison of performance on the posttests and final exam suggests that using simulation as an adjunctive pedagogy can lead to excellent short-term knowledge retention.

Next Steps
Simulation-based medical education may prove useful in preclinical basic science curricula. Next steps should be to validate the use of this approach, demonstrate cost-efficacy or the “return on investment” for educational and institutional leadership, and examine longer-term knowledge retention.
What Would Women Choose When Given a Choice in Breast Reconstruction?
Authors: Lam Thomas C. , Winch Caleb J. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Reconstruction after mastectomy is an important milestone for many women treated for breast cancer. However, because many surgeons only offer their preferred method of reconstruction, it is not clear which approach women would choose if offered a genuine choice.

Methods:
Between 1998 and 2010, the breast reconstruction service at a major Australian teaching hospital was staffed by a single plastic surgeon trained in both prosthetic and autologous breast reconstruction techniques. The choices of all 837 women who underwent reconstruction were compared across time for publicly and privately funded patients using binary logistic regression.

Results:
Overall, women chose prosthetic over autologous reconstruction at a ratio of 4.7:1. This ratio increasingly favored prosthetic reconstruction over time, though less strongly for private patients who did not face a 3-year waiting list for autologous reconstruction.

Conclusions:
Financial constraints affected these women’s reconstruction choices. Nevertheless, and in contrast to the situation in the United States, these women clearly favored prosthetic over autologous reconstruction.
MULTIFOCAL CHOROIDAL MELANOMA IN A PATIENT WITH GERM LINE BRCA-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 MUTATION
Authors: Rao Raksha , Pointdujour-Lim Renelle , Ganguly Arupa , Shields Carol L. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
To report a case of unilateral multifocal melanoma in a patient with germ line BRCA-associated protein 1 mutation.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 67-year-old white woman with a family history of lung and liver cancers developed blurred visual acuity of 20/30 in the left eye. She was discovered to have two independent pigmented choroidal melanomas in the macula and superotemporally, both demonstrating overlying subretinal fluid and orange pigment. Both melanomas were treated with a single custom-designed Iodine 125 brachytherapy device. Upon systemic evaluation, asymptomatic renal cell carcinoma was found, and blood lymphocyte testing for germ line BRCA-associated protein 1 mutation was positive.

Conclusion:
Multifocal choroidal melanoma is exceedingly rare. Patients with uveal melanoma, especially if multifocal, and those with other systemic malignancy or family history of cancers should be tested for germ line BRCA-associated protein 1 mutation. Lifelong monitoring for other systemic malignancies is advised.