bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid‐State Molecular Nanomagnet Inclusion into a Magnetic Metal–Organic Framework: Interplay of the Magnetic Properties
Authors: Mon Marta , Pascual‐Álvarez Alejandro , Grancha Thais , Cano Joan , Ferrando‐Soria Jesús , Lloret Francesc , Gascon Jorge , Pasán Jorge , Armentano Donatella , Pardo Emilio 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSingle‐ion magnets (SIMs) are the smallest possible magnetic devices and are a controllable, bottom‐up approach to nanoscale magnetism with potential applications in quantum computing and high‐density information storage. In this work, we take advantage of the promising, but yet insufficiently explored, solid‐state chemistry of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to report the single‐crystal to single‐crystal inclusion of such molecular nanomagnets within the pores of a magnetic MOF. The resulting host–guest supramolecular aggregate is used as a playground in the first in‐depth study on the interplay between the internal magnetic field created by the long‐range magnetic ordering of the structured MOF and the slow magnetic relaxation of the SIM.
Why Hydroxamates May Not Be the Best Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors—What Some May Have Forgotten or Would Rather Forget?
Authors: Shen Sida , Kozikowski Alan P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHydroxamate‐based histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) have been approved as therapeutic agents by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in oncology applications. While the potential utility of such HDACIs in other areas of medicinal chemistry is tremendous, there are significant concerns that “pan‐HDAC inhibitors” may be too broadly acting and/or toxic for clinical use beyond oncology. In addition to the isozyme selectivity challenge, the potential mutagenicity of hydroxamate‐containing HDAC inhibitors represents a major hindrance in their application to other therapeutic areas. Herein we report on the mutagenicity of known hydroxamates, discuss the mechanisms responsible for their genotoxicity, and review some of the current alternatives to hydroxamates. We conclude that the hydroxamate group, while providing high‐potency HDACIs, is not necessarily the best zinc‐binding group for HDACI drug discovery.
Open‐circuit Electrochemical Polymerization for the Sensitive Detection of Phenols
Authors: Rana Azeem , Kawde Abdel‐Nasser 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe report on a novel electrochemical method for electro‐polymerizing phenols under open‐circuit conditions. The method developed here is simple, sensitive, rapid, and overcomes the well‐documented surface fouling of carbon electrodes by phenols. A pre‐charged disposable graphite pencil electrode (pCGPE) was found to be useful for both phenol sampling and sensing. The pCGPE was prepared by charging the surface of a graphite pencil electrode by applying a cyclic voltammetry electrochemical treatment in a NaOH solution. Phenol sampling was accomplished by immersing the pCGPE into a phenol solution. This method permitted phenol detection with a detection limit of 4.17 nM (0.39 ppt).
Automated detection of white matter and cortical lesions in early stages of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fartaria Mário João , Bonnier Guillaume , Roche Alexis , Kober Tobias , Meuli Reto , Rotzinger David , Frackowiak Richard , Schluep Myriam , Du Pasquier Renaud , Thiran Jean‐Philippe , Krueger Gunnar , Bach Cuadra Meritxell , Granziera Cristina 
Published: November 2015

PurposeTo develop a method to automatically detect multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, located both in white matter (WM) and in the cortex, in patients with low disability and early disease stage.Materials and MethodsWe developed a lesion detection method, based on the k‐nearest neighbor (k‐NN) technique, to detect lesions as small as 0.0036 mL. This method uses the image intensity information from up to four different 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences (magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo, MPRAGE; magnetization‐prepared two inversion‐contrast rapid gradient‐echo, MP2RAGE; 3D fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, FLAIR; and 3D double‐inversion recovery, DIR), acquired on a 3T scanner. To these intensity features we added the information obtained by the spatial coordinates and tissue prior probabilities provided by the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM). Quantitative assessment was done in 39 early‐stage MS patients with a “leave‐one‐out” cross‐validation.ResultsThe best lesion detection rate (DR) performance in WM was obtained using MP2RAGE, FLAIR, and DIR intensities (77% for lesions ≥0.0036 mL; 85% for lesions ≥0.005 mL). Similar results were obtained excluding the DIR intensity as well as when using only MPRAGE and FLAIR (DR = 75%, P = 0.5720). However, the combination of FLAIR with DIR and MP2RAGE appeared to be the best for detecting cortical lesions (DR = 62%), compared to the other combination of sequences (P < 0.001).ConclusionFor WM lesion detection, similar results were observed when only conventional clinical sequences (FLAIR, MPRAGE) were used compared to a combination of conventional and “advanced” sequences (MP2RAGE, DIR). Cortical lesion detection increased significantly when “advanced” sequences were used. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1445–1454.
Synthesis of Star Shaped Cu Doped CdS Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Effect
Authors: Sundaria Arpita , Shrivastav Ashutosh , Vijay Bhavisha , Soni Ritesh , Goyal Sumvit , Meshugga Ronin , Agrawal Kailash 
Published: November 2015

SummaryCadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles and its dopants have been widely studied for their antibacterial activity. In the present study a novel method was designed to synthesize Star shaped Copper doped Cadmium Sulfide (Cu:CdS) nanoparticles. Their morphology was studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and it was characterized by UV‐Vis Spectrophotometer and Photo Luminescence. The doping was confirmed by the band shift in graph of UV‐Vis spectrophotometry. The study aims to find the relation between shape and antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of Star shaped and spherical shaped Copper dopped CdS nanoparticles was performed on Serratia marcescens. Star shaped copper doped CdS nanoparticles showed higher antibacterial effect while spherical shaped Copper doped CdS nanoparticles had slightly lower inhibition activity. The antibacterial effect was also studied on ampicillin and streptomycin resistant strain of Staphylococcus. In this also star shaped nanoparticles showed higher inhibition zone than spherical nanoparticles.
Toxicological Evaluation of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Bacterial Cell
Authors: Awasthi Anjali , Dube Ankita , Kumari Yogita , Jangir Lokesh Kumar , Awasthi Kumud Kant , Awasthi Kamlendra 
Published: November 2015

SummaryNanomaterials are getting a great deal of attention because of their potential to achieve specific processes and selectivity, especially in biological and pharmaceutical applications including generation of bioactive compounds. TiO2 nanoparticles because of their chemical stability, biological inertness and high stability are largely used in various fields. Thus, their toxicity evaluation becomes must. In the present study, TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using TEM and XRD. Average particle size was estimated to be ∼18 ± 2 nm. Particles are agglomerated and mostly in spherical shape. TiO2 nanoparticles were found to show inhibitory effect on the growth of E. coli bacterial strain in a dose dependent manner.
Pharmacophore‐Map‐Pick: A Method to Generate Pharmacophore Models for All Human GPCRs
Authors: Dai Shao‐Xing , Li Gong‐Hua , Gao Yue‐Dong , Huang Jing‐Fei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGPCR‐based drug discovery is hindered by a lack of effective screening methods for most GPCRs that have neither ligands nor high‐quality structures. With the aim to identify lead molecules for these GPCRs, we developed a new method called Pharmacophore‐Map‐Pick to generate pharmacophore models for all human GPCRs. The model of ADRB2 generated using this method not only predicts the binding mode of ADRB2‐ligands correctly but also performs well in virtual screening. Findings also demonstrate that this method is powerful for generating high‐quality pharmacophore models. The average enrichment for the pharmacophore models of the 15 targets in different GPCR families reached 15‐fold at 0.5 % false‐positive rate. Therefore, the pharmacophore models can be applied in virtual screening directly with no requirement for any ligand information or shape constraints. A total of 2386 pharmacophore models for 819 different GPCRs (99 % coverage (819/825)) were generated and are available at http://bsb.kiz.ac.cn/GPCRPMD.
Blaaskankerpathologie: van cystoscoop naar microscoop
Authors: van Leenders Geert J.L.H. 
Published: November 2015

Samenvatting
Pathologische evaluatie van urineblaasweefsel wordt als gouden standaard beschouwd bij de diagnose van urotheelafwijkingen. Er bestaan verschillende ziekte-entiteiten, zoals papillaire cystitis, waarbij het pathologisch onderscheid met urotheelcarcinoom lastig tot onmogelijk is. Goede informatievoorziening over klinische achtergronden en cystoscopische bevindingen zijn dan onontbeerlijk voor een correcte diagnose. Daarnaast kan additionele pathologische rapportage over varianten, gradering en stadiëring van urotheelcarcinoom leiden tot betere risicostratificatie en behandeling van blaaskanker.
Talent Management
Authors: Martin Angela 
Published: November 2015

In preparation for the current aging workforce dilemma occurring within organiza-tions globally, implementing and encouraging a culture of learning for succession and organi-zational effectiveness is imperative for providing effective and efficient healthcare, where people are the greatest asset and contribute to successful outcomes, such as patient care and satisfaction.
Being able to attract, hire, develop and retain top talent is a key goal within any organiza-tion that is concerned about maintaining a competitive advantage and market share. Globally, organizations that have the ability to fuel growth and drive performance, particularly in the Middle East, where countries are experiencing rapid economic development, is vital to ensure that human capital, specifically nationals, are ready to embrace change and can functionally as well as behaviorally take on key roles within the organizations as effective strategic leaders.
Regardless of the industry or location, human capital, workforce planning and development have become a topic of great global concern; the readiness of talent is vital for efficient and effective leadership. Furthermore, academia and research have shown that talent agility is critical for organizational development, growth and sustainability.
Caesar’s Pro Bithynis and the Sack of
Heraclea Pontica
Authors: Russo Federico 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCaesar’s speech Pro Bithynis is usually considered to
be an expression of the positive relationships between Caesar and the Kingdom of
Bithynia. The context in which the speech was delivered is, however, unclear.By means of a lexical analysis of the two extant fragments of the Pro
Bithynis, this paper aims at providing a new interpretation of the
speech and its historical background. Caesar probably delivered the speech not
immediately after King Nicomedes’s death – as commonly
accepted – but after the Roman siege of Heraclea Pontica, when the
proconsul M. Aurelius Cotta, Caesar’s propinquus,
was accused of having sacked the city.As had already happened in Macedonia (thanks to Dolabella’s
prosecution) and in Greece (Caesar represented some Greeks in a process against
C. Antonius around 79 BC), the Bithynian affair represented a further occasion
for Caesar to win over friends and allies among foreign communities.
REFINED MOTIVIC DIMENSION OF SOME FERMAT VARIETIES
Authors: KANG SU-JEONG 
Published: November 2015

Using the inductive structure of a Fermat variety by Shioda and Katsura [‘On Fermat varieties’, Tohoku Math. J. (2) 31(1) (1979), 97–115], we estimate the refined motivic dimension of certain Fermat varieties. As an application of our computation, we present an elementary proof of the generalised Hodge conjecture for those varieties.
DSM-IV post-traumatic stress disorder among World Trade Center responders 11–13 years after the disaster of 11 September 2001 (9/11)
Authors: Bromet E. J. , Hobbs M. J. , Clouston S. A. P. , Gonzalez A. , Kotov R. , Luft B. J. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundPost-traumatic symptomatology is one of the signature effects of the pernicious exposures endured by responders to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster of 11 September 2001 (9/11), but the long-term extent of diagnosed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its impact on quality of life are unknown. This study examines the extent of DSM-IV PTSD 11–13 years after the disaster in WTC responders, its symptom profiles and trajectories, and associations of active, remitted and partial PTSD with exposures, physical health and psychosocial well-being.MethodMaster's-level psychologists administered sections of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and the Range of Impaired Functioning Tool to 3231 responders monitored at the Stony Brook University World Trade Center Health Program. The PTSD Checklist (PCL) and current medical symptoms were obtained at each visit.ResultsIn all, 9.7% had current, 7.9% remitted, and 5.9% partial WTC-PTSD. Among those with active PTSD, avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms were most commonly, and flashbacks least commonly, reported. Trajectories of symptom severity across monitoring visits showed a modestly increasing slope for active and decelerating slope for remitted PTSD. WTC exposures, especially death and human remains, were strongly associated with PTSD. After adjusting for exposure and critical risk factors, including hazardous drinking and co-morbid depression, PTSD was strongly associated with health and well-being, especially dissatisfaction with life.ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate the extent and correlates of long-term DSM-IV PTSD among responders. Although most proved resilient, there remains a sizable subgroup in need of continued treatment in the second decade after 9/11.
Ultrastructure of the Salivary Glands of the Stink Bug Predator Podisus distinctus
Authors: Martínez Luis C. , Zanuncio José C. , Morais Wagner C.C. , Plata-Rueda Angelica , Cedeño-Loja Pedro E. , Serrão José E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPodisus distinctus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a zoophytophagous insect with significant potential for use as a biological control agent in agriculture and forestry because their nymphs and adults actively prey on diverse insect species. The saliva of this insect possesses active substances that cause paralysis and death of the prey. As the first step in identifying compounds of P. distinctus saliva, this study describes the ultrastructure of the salivary glands of this predator. The salivary system of P. distinctus possesses a pair of main salivary glands with a short anterior lobe, a long posterior lobe, and a pair of tubular accessory glands. The main salivary gland of P. distinctus has no associated muscles, suggesting that the saliva-release mechanism occurs with the help of certain thorax muscles. The main salivary gland epithelium has a single layer of cells (varying from cubical to columnar) with cytoplasm rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum, spherical granules of different sizes, a nucleus with a predominance of decondensed chromatin, and nucleolus. The apical cell region has a few short microvilli and the basal region has plasma membrane infoldings. The epithelium of the accessory salivary glands possesses a single-layered epithelium of cubic cells delimiting a narrow lumen. The apical cell region has a high density of microvilli and pleomorphic mitochondria, whereas the central cell region is rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum with a well-developed nucleus and decondensed chromatin. The basal cell region is characterized by the presence of several basal plasma membrane infoldings associated with mitochondria and numerous openings to the hemocoel forming large channels. The ultrastructural characteristics suggest that the main salivary glands and accessory salivary glands play a vital role in protein synthesis for saliva production and that the accessory glands are involved in transport of materials of the hemolymph.
Genetic differentiation and admixture between sibling allopolyploids in the Dactylorhiza majalis complex
Authors: Balao F , Tannhäuser M , Lorenzo M T , Hedrén M , Paun O 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAllopolyploidization often happens recurrently, but the evolutionary significance of its iterative nature is not yet fully understood. Of particular interest are the gene flow dynamics and the mechanisms that allow young sibling polyploids to remain distinct while sharing the same ploidy, heritage and overlapping distribution areas. By using eight highly variable nuclear microsatellites, newly reported here, we investigate the patterns of divergence and gene flow between 386 polyploid and 42 diploid individuals, representing the sibling allopolyploidsDactylorhiza majaliss.s. andD. traunsteineris.l. and their parents at localities across Europe. We make use in our inference of the distinct distribution ranges of the polyploids, including areas in which they are sympatric (that is, the Alps) or allopatric (for example, Pyrenees withD. majalisonly and Britain withD. traunsteinerionly). Our results show a phylogeographic signal, but no clear genetic differentiation between the allopolyploids, despite the visible phenotypic divergence between them. The results indicate that gene flow between siblingDactylorhizaallopolyploids is frequent in sympatry, with potential implications for the genetic patterns across their entire distribution range. Limited interploidal introgression is also evidenced, in particular betweenD. incarnataandD. traunsteineri. Altogether the allopolyploid genomes appear to be porous for introgression from related diploids and polyploids. We conclude that the observed phenotypic divergence betweenD. majalisandD. traunsteineriis maintained by strong divergent selection on specific genomic areas with strong penetrance, but which are short enough to remain undetected by genotyping dispersed neutral markers.
Obliquity pacing of the western Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone over the past 282,000 years
Authors: Liu Yi , Lo Li , Shi Zhengguo , Wei Kuo-Yen , Chou Chien-Ju , Chen Yi-Chi , Chuang Chih-Kai , Wu Chung-Che , Mii Horng-Sheng , Peng Zicheng , Amakawa Hiroshi , Burr George S. , Lee Shih-Yu , DeLong Kristine L. , Elderfield Henry , Shen Chuan-Chou 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) encompasses the heaviest rain belt on the Earth. Few direct long-term records, especially in the Pacific, limit our understanding of long-term natural variability for predicting future ITCZ migration. Here we present a tropical precipitation record from the Southern Hemisphere covering the past 282,000 years, inferred from a marine sedimentary sequence collected off the eastern coast of Papua New Guinea. Unlike the precession paradigm expressed in its East Asian counterpart, our record shows that the western Pacific ITCZ migration was influenced by combined precession and obliquity changes. The obliquity forcing could be primarily delivered by a cross-hemispherical thermal/pressure contrast, resulting from the asymmetric continental configuration between Asia and Australia in a coupled East Asian–Australian circulation system. Our finding suggests that the obliquity forcing may play a more important role in global hydroclimate cycles than previously thought.
Symmetry breaking in drop bouncing on curved surfaces
Authors: Liu Yahua , Andrew Matthew , Li Jing , Yeomans Julia M. , Wang Zuankai 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe impact of liquid drops on solid surfaces is ubiquitous in nature, and of practical importance in many industrial processes. A drop hitting a flat surface retains a circular symmetry throughout the impact process. Here we show that a drop impinging on Echevaria leaves exhibits asymmetric bouncing dynamics with distinct spreading and retraction along two perpendicular directions. This is a direct consequence of the cylindrical leaves that have a convex/concave architecture of size comparable to the drop. Systematic experimental investigations on mimetic surfaces and lattice Boltzmann simulations reveal that this novel phenomenon results from an asymmetric momentum and mass distribution that allows for preferential fluid pumping around the drop rim. The asymmetry of the bouncing leads to ∼40% reduction in contact time.
Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates MGMT gene expression in cancer and inhibition of Wnt signalling prevents chemoresistance
Authors: Wickström Malin , Dyberg Cecilia , Milosevic Jelena , Einvik Christer , Calero Raul , Sveinbjörnsson Baldur , Sandén Emma , Darabi Anna , Siesjö Peter , Kool Marcel , Kogner Per , Baryawno Ninib , Johnsen John Inge 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is commonly overexpressed in cancers and is implicated in the development of chemoresistance. The use of drugs inhibiting MGMT has been hindered by their haematologic toxicity and inefficiency. As a different strategy to inhibit MGMT we investigated cellular regulators of MGMT expression in multiple cancers. Here we show a significant correlation between Wnt signalling and MGMT expression in cancers with different origin and confirm the findings by bioinformatic analysis and immunofluorescence. We demonstrate Wnt-dependent MGMT gene expression and cellular co-localization between active β-catenin and MGMT. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Wnt activity downregulates MGMT expression and restores chemosensitivity of DNA-alkylating drugs in mouse models. These findings have potential therapeutic implications for chemoresistant cancers, especially of brain tumours where the use of temozolomide is frequently used in treatment.
Impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis RD1-locus on human primary dendritic cell immune functions
Authors: Etna Marilena P. , Giacomini Elena , Pardini Manuela , Severa Martina , Bottai Daria , Cruciani Melania , Rizzo Fabiana , Calogero Raffaele , Brosch Roland , Coccia Eliana M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractModern strategies to develop vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) aim to improve the current Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine or to attenuate the virulence of Mtb vaccine candidates. In the present study, the impact of wild type or mutated region of difference 1 (RD1) variants on the immunogenicity of Mtb and BCG recombinants was investigated in human primary dendritic cells (DC). A comparative analysis of transcriptome, signalling pathway activation, maturation, apoptosis, cytokine production and capacity to promote Th1 responses demonstrated that DC sense quantitative and qualitative differences in the expression of RD1-encoded factors—ESAT6 and CFP10—within BCG or Mtb backgrounds. Expansion of IFN-γ producing T cells was promoted by BCG::RD1-challenged DC, as compared to their BCG-infected counterparts. Although Mtb recombinants acted as a strong Th-1 promoting stimulus, even with RD1 deletion, the attenuated Mtb strain carrying a C-terminus truncated ESAT-6 elicited a robust Th1 promoting phenotype in DC. Collectively, these studies indicate a necessary but not sufficient role for the RD1 locus in promoting DC immune-regulatory functions. Additional mycobacterial factors are likely required to endow DC with a high Th1 polarizing capacity, a desirable attribute for a successful control of Mtb infection.