bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of a sub-diffraction hollow ring by shaping an azimuthally polarized wave
Authors: Chen Gang , Wu Zhi-xiang , Yu An-ping , Zhang Zhi-hai , Wen Zhong-quan , Zhang Kun , Dai Lu-ru , Jiang Sen-lin , Li Yu-yan , Chen Li , Wang Chang-tao , Luo Xian-gang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe generation of a sub-diffraction optical hollow ring is of great interest in various applications, such as optical microscopy, optical tweezers, and nanolithography. Azimuthally polarized light is a good candidate for creating an optical hollow ring structure. Various of methods have been proposed theoretically for generation of sub-wavelength hollow ring by focusing azimuthally polarized light, but without experimental demonstrations, especially for sub-diffraction focusing. Super-oscillation is a promising approach for shaping sub-diffraction optical focusing. In this paper, a planar sub-diffraction diffractive lens is proposed, which has an ultra-long focal length of 600 λ and small numerical aperture of 0.64. A sub-diffraction hollow ring is experimentally created by shaping an azimuthally polarized wave. The full-width-at-half-maximum of the hollow ring is 0.61 λ, which is smaller than the lens diffraction limit 0.78 λ, and the observed largest sidelobe intensity is only 10% of the peak intensity.
Harnessing hyperthermostable lactonase from Sulfolobus solfataricus for biotechnological applications
Authors: Rémy Benjamin , Plener Laure , Poirier Laetitia , Elias Mikael , Daudé David , Chabrière Eric 
Published: November 2016

AbstractExtremozymes have gained considerable interest as they could meet industrial requirements. Among these, SsoPox is a hyperthermostable enzyme isolated from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. This enzyme is a lactonase catalyzing the hydrolysis of acyl-homoserine lactones; these molecules are involved in Gram-negative bacterial communication referred to as quorum sensing. SsoPox exhibits promiscuous phosphotriesterase activity for the degradation of organophosphorous chemicals including insecticides and chemical warfare agents. Owing to its bi-functional catalytic abilities as well as its intrinsic stability, SsoPox is appealing for many applications, having potential uses in the agriculture, defense, food and health industries. Here we investigate the biotechnological properties of the mutant SsoPox-W263I, a variant with increased lactonase and phosphotriesterase activities. We tested enzyme resistance against diverse process-like and operating conditions such as heat resistance, contact with organic solvents, sterilization, storage and immobilization. Bacterial secreted materials from both Gram-negative and positive bacteria were harmless on SsoPox-W263I activity and could reactivate heat-inactivated enzyme. SsoPox showed resistance to harsh conditions demonstrating that it is an extremely attractive enzyme for many applications. Finally, the potential of SsoPox-W263I to be active at subzero temperature is highlighted and discussed in regards to the common idea that hyperthermophile enzymes are nearly inactive at low temperatures.
CXCR2 is involved in pulmonary intravascular macrophage accumulation and angiogenesis in a rat model of hepatopulmonary syndrome
Authors: Li Xujiong , Chen Yunxia , Chang Yongli , Li Shufen , Zhao Zhongfu , Zhang Huiying 
Published: November 2016

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a lung complication in various liver diseases, with high incidence, poor prognosis and no effective non-surgical treatments in patients with hepatocirrhosis. Therefore, assessing HPS pathogenesis to explore proper therapy strategies is clinically relevant. In the present study, male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent sham operation or common bile duct ligation (CBDL). Two weeks post-surgery, the following groups were set up for 2 weeks of treatment: sham + normal saline, CBDL + CXCR2 antagonist SB225002, CBDL + tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) antagonist PTX and CBDL + normal saline groups. Liver and lung tissues were collected after mean arterial pressure (MAP) and portal venous pressure (PVP) measurements. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (lung) and Masson staining (liver) were performed for pathological analyses. Finally, pulmonary tissue RNA and total protein were assessed for target effectors. The mRNA and protein levels of CXCR2 were significantly increased in the pulmonary tissue of CBDL rats. What's more, CXCR2 inhibition by SB225002 reduced the expression of CD68 and von Willebrand factor (vWf) in CBDL rats. Importantly, CXCR2 inhibition suppressed the activation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in CBDL rats. Antagonization of TNF-α with PTX down-regulated the expression of CXCR2. During HPS pathogenesis in rats, CXCR2 might be involved in the accumulation of pulmonary intravascular macrophages and angiogenesis, possibly by activating Akt and ERK, with additional regulation by TNF-α that enhanced pulmonary angiogenesis by directly acting on the pulmonary tissue. Finally, the present study may provide novel targets for the treatment of HPS.
Convenient method of digital PI‐CDR lock‐detection for phase noise elimination and enhanced jitter tolerance
Authors: Li Tianyi , Xu Xiaodong , Yin Tao , Li Wei , Yang Haigang 
Published: November 2016

A lock‐detector for the digital phase interpolator based clock and dada recovery circuit (PI‐CDR) is proposed. The simple method could commendably lock the PI‐control code when the CDR is locked, which eliminates the systematic phase noise of the recovered clock without reducing the jitter tolerance ability. The proposed architecture is implemented in 0.13 μm CMOS and occupies area of 0.18 mm2.
Fundamental transverse mode operation of a type‐II vertical‐external‐cavity surface‐emitting laser at 1.2 µm
Authors: Möller C. , Zhang F. , Fuchs C. , Berger C. , Rehn A. , Ruiz Perez A. , Rahimi‐Iman A. , Hader J. , Koch M. , Moloney J.V. , Koch S.W. , Stolz W. 
Published: November 2016

The modal properties of a novel vertical‐external‐cavity surface‐emitting laser with (GaIn)As/Ga(AsSb)/(GaIn)As type‐II quantum wells are analysed. The device, emitting at a wavelength around 1175 nm, is operated in TEM00 mode and optimised for a high beam quality. The M2 factors are measured at various pump powers. An excellent beam quality is observed for up to 350 mW with an M2 < 1.2.
Tunable MEMS capacitor: influence of fluids
Authors: Habbachi N. , Boussetta H. , Boukabache A. , Kallala M.A. , Pons P. , Besbes K. 
Published: November 2016

The effect of a dielectric liquid on the tunability of capacitor operating in RF domains is evaluated. The RF measurement shows a high variation of the resonant frequency accompanied with a low insertion loss. Moreover, the fluid positions between electrodes modify the capacitance value up to Tr = 6660% at 600 MHz. The quality factor decreases in response of water filling from Qmax = 51.9 when it is empty to Qmin = 1.49 when it is fully filled. According to the finite‐element method analysis, the change of the dielectric permittivity influences the capacitor performances. Essentially, the tuning range of the capacitance and the quality factor could reach, respectively: Tr = 7660% and Qmin = 35.
Results of a New Treatment Concept for Concomitant Lesion of Medial Collateral Ligament in Patients with Rupture of Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Paul Jochen , Haenle Maximilian , Sailer Jannes , Pagenstert Geert , Wehren Lutz , Vogt Stephan , Majewski Martin , Blanke Fabian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAnteromedial knee injury with rupture of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and concomitant lesion of medial collateral ligament (MCL) is common in athletes. No standardized treatment concept can be found within the literature. This study presents results of a new treatment concept for concomitant MCL lesions in patients with ACL rupture. In this study, 67 recreational athletes with ACL injury and concomitant MCL lesion were treated according to a distinct treatment concept. Patients were classified in six different types of concomitant MCL lesion depending on grade of MCL lesion and presence of anteromedial rotatory instability (AMRI). Final classification and surgical indication were determined 6 weeks posttraumatic. All patients received ACL reconstruction. MCL was treated by surgical or conservative regime due to type of concomitant MCL lesion. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), AMRI, and Lysholm scores were evaluated both preoperatively and after 6 weeks, 16 weeks, 12 months, and 18 months postoperatively. All patients could be uniquely classified and treated according to the introduced treatment concept. AMRI was verifiable in patients with grade II and III MCL lesions. All patients showed good to excellent clinical results at the follow-up examinations. In all 67 patients (100%), the findings were graded as normal or nearly normal according to the IKDC knee examination form. Lysholm score averaged 93.9 at final follow-up. The introduced treatment concept showed good results on short-term outcome and provides a sufficient treatment strategy for concomitant MCL lesions in athletes with ACL rupture.
Tuberculoid Granuloma in the Brainstem: Case Report
Authors: Ludwig Tobias , Rogerio Luiz , Reis Marcelo , de Almeida Leandro , Frizzon Gabriel , Finger Guilherme , Gallo Pasquale , Chaves Jennyfer 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMeningitis or meningoencephalitis are the most common presentations of Koch bacilli infection on the central nervous system (CNS), especially in immunosuppressed patients, in whom the bacilli normally reaches the meninges and the cerebral parenchyma.. A least common pathological presentation is the tumoral growth pattern disease known as tuberculoma. This pathological entity is more common in the cerebral hemispheres and is rarely located in the brainstem. The present case report describes a case of a 55-year-old patient under regular antiretroviral therapy who was hospitalized with signs of brainstem and cerebellar disturbances. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed an exophytic lesion in the dorsal region of the pons. The patient underwent total resection of the lesion and the histopathologic analysis was consistent with a tuberculoma.
Computerized Cardiotocography Analysis: Comparison among Several Parental Ethnic Origins
Authors: Di Tommaso Mariarosaria , Martello Giulia , Kanninen Tomi , Perelli Federica , Iannuzzi Laura , Sisti Giovanni 
Published: November 2016

Objective We speculate that genetic racial disparity exists in fetal life and can be detected by modern computerized cardiotocography (cCTG).
Methods This is a retrospective study comparing the results of the cCTG of pregnant patients at 37–42 weeks according to the parental ethnicity (black versus white). A cCTG was performed to analyze the variables of fetal heart rate (FHR). The cCTG variables analyzed were: percentage of signal loss; number of contractions; basal FHR; number of accelerations; number of decelerations; length of high variation episodes; short-term variability (STV); total trace duration time; and number of fetal active movements. Non-stress test (NST) parameters in the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney test for continuous data, and the Chi-square test for categorical variables.
Results We found a significantly lower number of active fetal movements (p = 0.007) and longer periods of low variation (p = 0.047) in the cCTG of black patients when compared with white patients.
Conclusions In conclusion, identifying the factors responsible for the variance in the objective analysis of CTG results is important to improve the outcomes of patients. Our study lends further evidence as to the importance of ethnicity in clinical cCTG interpretation.
Evaluating early-warning indicators of critical transitions in natural aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Gsell Alena Sonia , Scharfenberger Ulrike , Özkundakci Deniz , Walters Annika , Hansson Lars-Anders , Janssen Annette B. G. , Nõges Peeter , Reid Philip C. , Schindler Daniel E. , Van Donk Ellen , Dakos Vasilis , Adrian Rita 
Published: November 2016

SignificanceEarly-warning indicators (EWIs), statistical metrics of system resilience, have been hypothesized to provide advance warning of sudden shifts in ecosystems, or so-called “regime shifts.” Here we tested this hypothesis for four commonly used EWIs. We used empirical time series from five freshwater ecosystems with documented sudden, persistent transitions hypothesized to represent critical transitions. EWIs were detected in several of these long-term records, and in some cases several years before the transition; however, these EWIs varied in reliability, and agreement between indicators was low. Moreover, their applicability was strongly limited by the requirement for ecosystem-specific knowledge of transition-generating mechanisms and their drivers to choose relevant state variables for analysis.
Design principles for nonequilibrium self-assembly
Authors: Nguyen Michael , Vaikuntanathan Suriyanarayanan 
Published: November 2016

Significance
Understanding the principles governing self-assembly remains an important problem in statistical mechanics. We find, surprisingly, that general design principles for this challenging problem can be obtained by applying ideas from the field of stochastic thermodynamics to nonequilibrium self-assembly problems. Our central results constrain the set of possible configurations achievable under a nonequilibrium drive.
MAP4-regulated dynein-dependent trafficking of BTN3A1 controls the TBK1–IRF3 signaling axis
Authors: Seo Minji , Lee Seong-Ok , Kim Ji-Hoon , Hong Yujin , Kim Seongchan , Kim Yeumin , Min Dal-Hee , Kong Young-Yun , Shin Jinwook , Ahn Kwangseog 
Published: November 2016

Significance
Type I IFN signaling is the most important innate immune response induced by viral infection. However, it is not completely known how the components of type I IFN signaling are spatiotemporally coordinated to elicit effective immune responses upon stimulation. We identified microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) and butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3A1) as novel regulators of the type I IFN signaling pathway triggered by cytosolic nucleic acids. In response to nucleic acid stimulation, BTN3A1-mediated transport of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) along microtubules facilitated the localization of TBK1 to IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) on punctate perinuclear structures, promoting IRF3 phosphorylation and IFN-β secretion. BTN3A1 activity was controlled by an upstream regulator, MAP4. Our findings could be translated into a novel therapeutic approach to a broad spectrum of nucleic acid-mediated inflammatory and viral diseases.
Using Organizational Philosophy to Create a Self-Sustaining Compensation Plan Without Harming Academic Missions
Authors: Leverence Robert , Nuttall Richard , Palmer Rachel , Segal Mark , Wood Alicia , Yancey Fay , Shuster Jonathon , Brantly Mark , Hromas Robert 
Published: November 2016

Problem
Academic physician reimbursement has moved to productivity-based compensation plans. To be sustainable, such plans must be self-funding. Additionally, unless research and education are appropriately valued, faculty involved in these efforts will become disillusioned, yet revenue generation in these activities is less robust than for clinical care activities.

Approach
Faculty at the Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health, elected a committee of junior and senior faculty and division chiefs to restructure the compensation plan in fiscal year (FY) 2011. This committee was charged with designing a new compensation plan based on seven principles of organizational philosophy: equity, compensation coupled to productivity, authority aligned with responsibility, respect for all academic missions, transparency, professionalism, and self-funding in each academic mission.

Outcomes
The new compensation plan was implemented in FY2013. A survey administered at the end of FY2015 showed that 61% (76/125) of faculty were more satisfied with this plan than the previous plan. Since the year before implementation, clinical relative value units per faculty increased 7% (from 3,458 in FY2012 to 3,704 in FY2015, P < .002), incentives paid per faculty increased 250% (from $3,191 in FY2012 to $11,153 in FY2015, P ≤ .001), and publications per faculty increased 15% (from 2.6 in FY2012 to 3.0 in FY2015, P < .001). Grant submissions, external funding, and teaching hours also increased per faculty but did not reach statistical significance.

Next Steps
An important next step will be to incorporate quality metrics into the compensation plan, without affecting costs or throughput.
CD30 Expression Is Rare in Myeloid Leukemia Cutis: A Study of 55 Cases and Implications for Routine Diagnostic Algorithms
Authors: Ogunrinade Olakunle , Terrano David , Chiu April , Pulitzer Melissa 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
Expression of CD30 in blastoid cutaneous infiltrates typically signifies a CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder, often requiring minimal immunohistochemical workup, if clinically consonant. However, myeloid and other hematologic malignancies often express CD30. We retrospectively examined the prevalence of CD30 expression in 41 patients (median age 59) and 55 biopsies with the diagnosis of leukemia cutis (LC) to determine whether an extensive immunohistochemical workup is warranted in all large, round cell CD30+ cutaneous infiltrates. Each patient had refractory or recurrent disease, the histologic presence of a large mononuclear cell infiltrate, and varied cytogenetics. CD30+ mononuclear cells within the infiltrate ranged from rare to many in 22 biopsies (22/55). In 18 biopsies, CD30+ cells were interpreted as lymphocytic based on morphology, strong cytoplasmic and Golgi staining for CD30, and negative CD34 and CD117 staining. One case showing 3+ staining of lymphocytes was identified as a posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. The second 3+ case was favored to represent a subset of CD30-positive acute myeloid leukemia. Three other cases with 1+ membranous and cytoplasmic staining were interpreted as myeloid leukemia. In conclusion, CD30 positivity in myeloid leukemia in the skin is rare and does not often exhibit the strong membranous (2+ or 3+) and/or Golgi staining seen in reactive lymphocytes. Acute myeloid leukemia or myeloid LC may occasionally show 1+ (and rarely 2–3+) cytoplasmic/membranous or nonspecific blush nuclear CD30 labeling. Strong diffuse staining for CD30 should prompt consideration of a reactive lymphoid/lymphoproliferative process, and, when the clinical likelihood of CD30+ LC is low, may obviate the need for further immunohistochemistry.
Patients’ views on fecal microbiota transplantation: an acceptable therapeutic option in inflammatory bowel disease?
Authors: Zeitz Jonas , Bissig Marina , Barthel Christiane , Biedermann Luc , Scharl Sylvie , Pohl Daniel , Frei Pascal , Vavricka Stephan R. , Fried Michael , Rogler Gerhard , Scharl Michael 
Published: November 2016

Background
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents a new therapeutic option that has been studied in two randomized-controlled trials in ulcerative colitis patients. Our study aimed to identify patients’ views on the use of this novel therapeutic approach.

Methods
Using an anonymous questionnaire, we obtained data from 574 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients on their knowledge and willingness to undergo FMT.

Results
A large proportion of IBD patients (53.5%) are unaware that FMT is a therapeutic option in Clostridium difficile infection and potentially IBD. More responders preferred FMT (31.5%) to a study with a new medication (28.9%), although the difference was not significant (P=0.37), and the preferred way of transplantation was colonoscopy (49.7%). In all, 38.3% preferred a family member as a donor, but there was fear about the procedure (41.5% mentioned fear of infectious diseases, 26.5% expressed disgust). The knowledge of successful FMT treatment in other patients was important for 82.2% of responders and for 50.7%, a discussion with a specialist would likely change their opinion about FMT.

Conclusion
FMT represents a therapeutic procedure that is of interest for IBD patients. As FMT has been receiving increasing interest as an alternative treatment in IBD and more studies on FMT in IBD are being carried out, it is important to learn about the knowledge, attitude, and preferences of patients to provide better education to patients on this topic. However, there are reservations because of the fact that data on the benefits of FMT in IBD are controversial and several limitations exist on the use of FMT in IBD.
Physician-provided prehospital critical care, effect on patient physiology dynamics and on-scene time
Authors: Reid Bjørn O. , Rehn Marius , Uleberg Oddvar , Krüger Andreas J. 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionImproved physiologic status can be seen as a surrogate measure of improved outcome and a field-friendly prognostic model such as the Mainz Emergency Evaluation Score (MEES) could quantify the effect on physiological response. We aim to examine the dynamic physiological profile as measured by this score on patients managed by physician-manned helicopter emergency medical services and how this profile was related to on-scene time expenditure and critical care interventions.Materials and methodsData including patient characteristics, physiological data, and description of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions were prospectively collected over two 14-day periods, summer and winter, at six participating Norwegian bases. The MEES score was utilized to examine the difference between a score measured at first patient contact (MEES 1) and end-of-care (MEES 2), (MEES 2–MEES 1=∆MEES).ResultsA total of 240 primary missions with patient-on-scene form the basis of the study. In total, 43% were considered severely ill or injured, of whom 59% were medical patients. Twenty-nine percent were severely deranged physiologically. The most common advanced procedure performed was advanced airway management (15%), followed by defibrillation (8.8%). Using ∆MEES as an indicator, 1% deteriorated under care, whereas 66% remained unchanged and 33% showed an improvement in their physiological status. With increasing on-scene time, fewer patients deteriorated and a greater proportion of patients improved.ConclusionRestoring deranged physiology remains a mantra for all critical care practitioners. We have shown that this is also possible in the prehospital context, even when prolonging on-scene time, and after initiating advanced procedures.