bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fecal calprotectin for the prediction of small-bowel Crohn’s disease by capsule endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kopylov Uri , Yung Diana E. , Engel Tal , Avni Tomer , Battat Robert , Ben-Horin Shomron , Plevris John N. , Eliakim Rami , Koulaouzidis Anastasios 
Published: July 2016

Background and aims
Fecal calprotectin is a well-established marker of mucosal inflammation. Although the correlation of elevated calprotectin levels with colonic inflammation has been confirmed repeatedly, it is less established for the small bowel. The aim of the current study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of calprotectin for the prediction of active small-bowel disease on capsule endoscopy by performing a diagnostic test meta-analysis.

Materials and methods
A comprehensive search was performed using PubMed/Embase. Studies addressing patients with suspected/established Crohn’s disease (CD) evaluated with calprotectin and videocapsule were included. A diagnostic meta-analysis was carried out; pooled diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated for each cut-off.

Results
Seven studies (463 patients) were entered into the final analysis. The DOR was significant for all the evaluated FC cut-offs (50 μg/g: sensitivity 0.83, specificity 0.53, DOR-5.64; 100 μg/g: sensitivity 0.68, specificity 0.71, DOR-5.01; 200 μg/g: sensitivity 0.42, specificity 0.94, DOR-13.64). On sensitivity analyses, when only studies addressing suspected Crohn’s or retrospective studies were included, the results did not change significantly. For studies including patients with suspected CD only, the overall accuracy for FC cut-off 50 μg/g was further increased (sensitivity 0.89, specificity 0.55, DOR-10.3), with a negative predictive value of 91.8%.

Summary and conclusion
Fecal calprotectin has a significant diagnostic accuracy for the detection of small-bowel CD. Our results suggest that in patients with suspected CD with calprotectin <50 μg/g, the likelihood of positive diagnosis is very low.
Advertising for Demand Creation for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision
Authors: Wilson Nicholas , Frade Sasha , Rech Dino , Friedman Willa 
Published: July 2016

Objective:To measure the effects of information, a challenge, and a conditional cash transfer on take-up of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC).Design:A randomized, controlled experiment with 4000 postcard recipients in Soweto (Johannesburg), South Africa.Methods:We examined differences in take-up of several decisions in the VMMC cascade between the control arm and each of several intervention arms using logistic regression.Results:Logistic regression analysis indicated that the group offered US $10 as compensation and the group challenged with “Are you tough enough?” had significantly higher take-up of the VMMC procedure than did the control group [odds ratios, respectively, 5.30 (CI: 2.20 to 12.76) and 2.70 (CI: 1.05 to 6.91)]. Similarly, the compensation group had significantly higher take-up of the VMMC counseling session than did the control group [odds ratio 3.76 (CI: 1.79 to 7.89)]. The analysis did not reveal significantly different take-up of either the VMMC counseling session or the procedure in the partner preference information group compared with the control group [odds ratios, respectively, 1.23 (CI: 0.51 to 2.97) and 1.67 (CI: 0.61 to 4.62)]. The analysis did not reveal significantly higher take-up of the VMMC nurse hotline in any intervention group compared with the control group [odds ratios for US $10, information, and challenge, respectively, 1.17 (CI: 0.67 to 2.07), 0.69 (CI: 0.36 to 1.32), and 0.60 (0.31 to 1.18)].Conclusions:Among adult males in Soweto, South Africa, compensation of US $10 provided conditional on completing the VMMC counseling session compared with no compensation offer and a postcard with a challenge, “Are you tough enough?” compared with no challenge, resulted in moderate increases in take-up of circumcision.
Innovative Demand Creation for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Targeting a High Impact Male Population: A Pilot Study Engaging Pregnant Women at Antenatal Clinics in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Semeere Aggrey S. , Castelnuovo Barbara , Bbaale Denis S. , Kiragga Agnes N. , Kigozi Joanita , Muganzi Alex M. , Coutinho Alex G. , Kambugu Andrew 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Circumcision has been shown to be an effective method of HIV prevention; however, only 27% of Ugandan men aged 15–49 years are circumcised. There is a paucity of data on the role of intimate partners in generating demand for voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC). We conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility of a partner-focused intervention targeting males >25 years.

Methods:
Among pregnant women in their third trimester attending antenatal care we evaluated the impact of a pilot behavior change intervention on VMMC through a quasi-experimental approach. We observed VMMC numbers among spouses of women as per standard practice (comparison phase), and after introducing a behavioral change communication package (intervention phase). Logistic regression was used to compare the odds of VMMC uptake between comparison and intervention phases. We used qualitative methods to evaluate the casual chain using a thematic approach.

Results:
Of the 601 women studied, 90% articulated the health benefits of VMMC and 99% expressed interest in their spouse getting circumcised. Women's knowledge was not increased by the intervention. Four men were circumcised in the comparison and 7 in the intervention phase. The intervention was not associated with higher odds of circumcision (odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI: 0.3 to 6.0, P = 0.65). We interviewed 117 individuals overall with the main enablers for VMMC being: free VMMC, transport reimbursement, and health benefits. Deterrents included misconceptions, lost wages and fear of pain. Most of the uncircumcised men interviewed reported interest in VMMC.

Conclusions:
Our pilot intervention had no significant impact on increasing VMMC demand. The study demonstrated the feasibility of pregnant women engaging their spouses to discuss VMMC.
Use of Economic Compensation to Increase Demand for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in Kenya: Qualitative Interviews With Male Participants in a Randomized Controlled Trial and Their Partners
Authors: Evens Emily , Lanham Michele , Murray Kate , Rao Samwel , Agot Kawango , Omanga Eunice , Thirumurthy Harsha 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Interventions to increase demand for medical male circumcision are urgently needed in eastern and southern Africa. Following promising evidence that providing economic compensation can increase male circumcision uptake in Kenya, there is a need to understand the role of this intervention in individuals' decision-making regarding circumcision and explore perceptions of the intervention and concerns such as coercion.

Methods:
As part of a randomized controlled trial in Kenya that found compensation in the form of food vouchers worth US $8.75–US $15.00 to be effective in increasing male circumcision uptake, we conducted qualitative in-depth interviews with 45 circumcised and uncircumcised male participants and 19 female partners to explore how compensation provision influenced the decision to get circumcised. Interview transcripts were coded and an inductive thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns in decision-making.

Results:
Interviews revealed that compensation promoted circumcision uptake by addressing a major barrier to male circumcision uptake: lost wages during and after the circumcision procedure. Participants who did not get circumcised perceived the compensation amounts to be insufficient for offsetting their costs associated with getting circumcised or reported having nonfinancial barriers that were not addressed by the intervention, such as fear of pain. Participants also reported that they did not feel compelled to get circumcised for financial gain. Female partners of circumcised participants felt that the intervention helped to motivate their partners to get circumcised.

Conclusions:
The results suggest that the provision of economic compensation is an acceptable intervention that can address an important barrier to male circumcision uptake. Providing compensation to circumcision clients in the form of food vouchers warrants further consideration in voluntary medical male circumcision demand creation efforts.
Pharmacologic Considerations for Preexposure Prophylaxis in Transgender Women
Authors: Anderson Peter L. , Reirden Daniel , Castillo-Mancilla Jose 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
Studies of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-emtricitabine (FTC)–based preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have not focused on transgendered women who are at disproportionate risk of HIV acquisition. Concerns exist for drug interactions between cross-sex therapy (estradiol, progestins, and spironolactone) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate–emtricitabine. This review assessed the experimental and theoretical risk for such drug interactions. It was found that none of these medications are implicated as major perpetrators of drug interactions, and the classes use different metabolic pathways for clearance, suggesting a low likelihood for interactions in either direction. Subanalyses of transgender women in Preexposure Prophylaxis Initiative suggested PrEP efficacy if adherence was high. Nevertheless, several research gaps were identified, particularly the need for controlled interaction studies in transgendered women, including effects on renal clearance, intracellular tenofovir diphosphate and emtricitabine triphosphate in target cells, as well as hormone effects on HIV susceptibility and immunity. PrEP should continue to be offered to transgender women while additional research is planned or pending.
Utility of Postoperative Voiding Cystourethrogram After Lower Urinary Tract Repair
Authors: Bochenska Katarzyna , Zyczynski Halina M. 
Published: July 2016

Objective
To characterize indications, timing, and results of voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) studies after repair of the lower urinary tract and to determine how these results impact clinical management.

Methods
Women who underwent a VCUG between January 2006 and December 2012 were identified from a radiology billing database. After excluding women with abdominopelvic malignancies, demographic, clinical, index procedure and lower urinary tract repair characteristics, and VCUG results were analyzed. The impact of abnormal VCUG results on clinical management was assessed.

Results
Data were analyzed from 245 VCUG studies performed a median of 10 days (interquartile range, 8–12 days) after lower urinary tract repair. When classified by procedure type, VCUGs were performed a median of 9 days (7–13 days) after cystotomy repair, 11 days (10–12 days) after vesicovaginal fistula closure and 10 days (7–11 days) after diverticulectomy. Abnormal findings were noted in 7 of 245 (2.9%) VCUGs and included contrast extravasation (5/7) and urinary retention (2/7). In all cases, the abnormal VCUG prompted a change in clinical management with extended use of an indwelling catheter or intermittent self-catheterization in 1 case of urinary retention.

Conclusions
Voiding cystourethrograms are a useful clinical tool in guiding the duration of Foley catheter use after lower urinary tract repair. Depending on clinical practice, VCUGs may reduce catheter-associated morbidity by facilitating earlier catheter removal and, in the minority of cases, may identify patients with incomplete postoperative healing.
Antiganglioside, antiganglioside-complex, and antiglycolipid-complex antibodies in immune-mediated neuropathies
Authors: Goodfellow John A. , Willison Hugh J. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
There has been a recent renewed interest in the prevalence of antiglycolipid antibodies and their associations with specific clinical phenotypes in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Recent reports have sought to confirm and expand the antibody–phenotype associations of antiganglioside antibodies, antiganglioside-complex antibodies, and antiglycolipid-complex antibodies in the various acute immune-mediated neuropathies. This is a rapidly developing field with technical advances in assay methodology, which have resulted in numerous new putative antibody–phenotype associations.

Recent findings
Antibodies against single ganglioside species remain the most established serological marker of Guillain–Barré syndrome and its myriad clinical variants. Antibodies against combinations of gangliosides, ganglioside-complex antibodies, detected by the ELISA method have emerged as putative markers of certain clinical features or pathological subtypes, specifically acute motor axonal neuropathy, but do not seem to greatly increase the diagnostic sensitivity of antibody testing as most also react with single ganglioside species. The novel assay method of the combinatorial glycoarray allows high-throughput detection of antibodies recognizing combinations of gangliosides and other glycolipids and early studies suggest it identifies antibody–phenotype associations in addition to significantly increasing the sensitivity of serological testing, including for the acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy variant.

Summary
Antibodies against single ganglioside species remain diagnostically useful in routine clinical practice. Antibodies against ganglioside complexes, or gangliosides and other glycolipid complexes, are emerging as useful markers of various clinic features and pathological subtypes; however, the precise associations remain to be fully delineated and confirmed. The antibody-complex detection methods are rapidly evolving but in most centres are not yet available in routine clinical practice.
Characterizing agile supply partnerships in the fashion industry
Authors: Cerruti Corrado , Mena Carlos , Skipworth Heather , Tavoletti Ernesto 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate high-involvement and short-term supply relationships, known as agile supply partnerships (ASPs), and explores the conditions that support the development of such inter-organizational relationships.

Design/methodology/approach
– A qualitative exploratory research design was followed, based on in-depth case studies of Italian fashion footwear manufacturers and their relationships with key suppliers.

Findings
– ASPs appear to be most relevant in supply material categories which have a high impact on the appearance or functionality of the product. Conversely, in supply categories with a low impact, long-term partnerships are preferred. Four main characteristics of ASPs are identified: they are part of a portfolio of relationships to balance the rigidities of long-term strategic partnerships; they have project-like features; they are developed from a network of pre-qualified suppliers; they are recurring and intermittent rather than continuous or isolated one-off short-term partnerships.

Research limitations/implications
– The research has been carried out in the context of an Italian footwear district. Further research is required to evaluate the validity of the propositions in other sectors and geographies.

Practical implications
– The research can help decision makers in the fashion industry, and potentially other sectors affected by high turbulence, to identify when ASPs are most appropriate and what characteristics they should have.

Originality/value
– This research contributes to the literature on agility by empirically evaluating the apparent paradox related to the specific characteristics of supply relationships required to foster an agile strategy and by clarifying the conditions under which fashion companies develop ASPs.
Early history and distribution of trade ceramics in Southeast Asia
Authors: Witkowski Terrence H. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the history and distribution of trade ceramics in Southeast Asia over a thousand-year period stretching from the ninth to the early nineteenth century CE.

Design/methodology/approach
The study takes a material culture approach to the writing of marketing history by researching the ceramics trade from the starting point of artifacts and their social context. It draws from literatures on Chinese and Southeast Asian ceramics art history and archaeology. It also is informed by first-hand experience inspecting surviving artifacts in shops, talking to dealers and taking in museum displays.

Findings
After a brief historical overview of the ceramics trade in Southeast Asia, the research further explores topics in physical distribution (transportation routes, hubs and local marketplaces and ships, cargo and packing) and product assortments, adaptation and globalization of consumer culture.

Research limitations/implications
The art history and archaeological literatures provide a good overview of the ceramics trade and analysis of surviving material artifacts, but only limited information about distribution and consumption. Many questions remain unanswered.

Originality/value
This study contributes to international business and marketing history by documenting a thousand years of trade among China, mainland and insular Southeast Asia, and a long-standing cultural exchange facilitated by seaborne commerce. It also shares a marketing perspective with the fields of Southeast Asian art history and archaeology. Research in marketing history has neglected this region. To fully understand the development of marketing in the pre-industrial era, accounts from civilizations outside the West must be included.
Health‐related quality‐of‐life questionnaire for women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Chinese translation and validation study
Authors: Chung JPW , Kwan AHW , Kwok JWK , Chan SSC 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Chinese version of the polycystic ovary syndrome questionnaire (PCOSQ).DesignTranslation and validation study.SettingGynaecology clinic and paediatric adolescent gynaecology clinic at the study institute.PopulationChinese women, 16 years of age or older, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsWomen completed the Chinese version of thePCOSQand the Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36). Their sociodemographic details, clinical parameters, and biochemical results were recorded. A subset of 50 women repeated thePCOSQ1 week later to evaluate test–retest reliability. Women subsequently received treatment for the symptoms ofPCOS. Six months later, 100 women completed thePCOSQand clinical parameters were assessed to evaluate the responsiveness of thePCOSQ.Main outcome measuresInternal reliability, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, criterion validity, and responsiveness.ResultsA total of 262 Chinese women completed the study. Values of Cronbach's alpha coefficient were all above 0.7, demonstrating a good standard of internal consistency in all subscales. For the test–retest reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients showed excellent stability among the subscales (range 0.82–0.92,P< 0.001). Convergent validity was demonstrated by positive correlations with the subscales ofSF‐36 and clinical parameters like body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), hirsutism score, menstrual regularity, and infertility, and the respective subscales. Improvement inPCOSQscores was seen in women with improvements inBMIand menstrual patterns; however, these findings did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsThe Chinese version ofPCOSQis reliable and valid for use in women withPCOS.Tweetable abstractThe Chinese version of thePCOSQis reliable and valid for use.
Working for Inclusion? Conditional Cash Transfers, Rural Women, and the Reproduction of Inequality
Authors: Cookson Tara Patricia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThroughout the global South, conditional cash transfer programmes (CCTs) are used to promote socially inclusive development. CCTs are widely evaluated for their capacity to build children's human capital. In contrast, this paper aims to hold “social inclusion” to account by elucidating the impacts of Peru's CCT “Juntos” on the poor, rural mothers who are expected to meet programme conditions. Grounded in extensive ethnographic research in households, clinics, schools, and village halls, the paper interrogates the work of social inclusion in spaces where uneven development manifests itself in privation. Considered in light of critical feminist theories of performativity and social reproduction, the findings shed light on a far less optimistic reality for the work of social inclusion. This paper contributes a rich empirical account to critical literature on cash transfers and the discourses that drive them, and suggests that the circumstances under which women are required to fulfil programme conditions challenge the substance of contemporary “inclusive” development.
Hepcidin independent iron recycling in a mouse model of β‐thalassaemia intermedia
Authors: Frazer David M. , Wilkins Sarah J. , Mirciov Cornel S. G. , Dunn Linda A. , Anderson Gregory J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn conditions such as β‐thalassaemia, stimulated erythropoiesis can reduce the expression of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin, increasing both macrophage iron release and intestinal iron absorption and leading to iron loading. However, in certain conditions, sustained elevation of erythropoiesis can occur without an increase in body iron load. To investigate this in more detail, we made use of a novel mouse strain (RBC14), which exhibits mild β‐thalassaemia intermedia with minimal iron loading. We compared iron homeostasis in RBC14 mice to that of Hbbth3/+ mice, a more severe model of β‐thalassaemia intermedia. Both mouse strains showed a decrease in plasma iron half‐life, although the changes were less severe in RBC14 mice. Despite this, intestinal ferroportin and serum hepcidin levels were unaltered in RBC14 mice. In contrast, Hbbth3/+ mice exhibited reduced serum hepcidin and increased intestinal ferroportin. However, splenic ferroportin levels were increased in both mouse strains. These data suggest that in low‐grade chronic haemolytic anaemia, such as that seen in RBC14 mice, the increased erythroid iron requirements can be met through enhanced macrophage iron release without the need to increase iron absorption, implying that hepcidin is not the sole regulator of macrophage iron release in vivo.
Electrophysiological findings in patients with low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 4 positive myasthenia gravis
Authors: Nikolic A. V. , Bojic S. D. , Rakocevic Stojanovic V. M. , Basta I. Z. , Lavrnic D. V. 
Published: July 2016

Background and purposeThe aim was to determine the electrophysiological profile of our cohort of low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 4 (LRP4) positive myasthenia gravis (MG) patients.MethodsA repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) test and jitter analysis using a concentric needle electrode were performed in 17 LRP4 positive MG patients. The results were compared to 31 muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) positive and 28 acetylcholine receptor (AChR) positive MG patients.ResultsThe RNS test was negative in almost all patients belonging to the LRP4/seronegative and LRP4/MuSK groups. It was positive most frequently in the AChR MG patients, especially those without anti‐LRP4 antibodies. The presence of anti‐LRP4 antibodies was connected to lower decrement values, whilst the independent presence of anti‐AChR or anti‐MuSK antibodies was connected to higher decrement values. Lowest jitter was recorded in patients with LRP4/seronegative MG. The highest percentage of pathological jitter analysis test results was present in MuSK and AChR MG patients. The isolate presence of anti‐LRP4 antibodies did not influence the mean consecutive difference values, whilst mean consecutive difference values were higher in the presence of anti‐AChR or anti‐MuSK antibodies.ConclusionsLow density lipoprotein receptor related protein 4 positive patients make a distinct MG subgroup with rarely detected pathological electrophysiological test results. The lack of influence of anti‐LRP4 antibodies on the different electrophysiological parameters brings into question the pathogenic role of anti‐LRP4 antibodies in MG.