bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth weight trends in England and Wales (1986–2012): babies are getting heavier
Authors: Ghosh Rebecca Elisabeth , Berild Jacob Dag , Sterrantino Anna Freni , Toledano Mireille B , Hansell Anna L 
Published: August 2017

IntroductionBirth weight is a strong predictor of infant mortality, morbidity and later disease risk. Previous work from the 1980s indicated a shift in the UK towards heavier births; this descriptive analysis looks at more recent trends.MethodsOffice for National Statistics (ONS) registration data on 17.2 million live, single births from 1986 to 2012 were investigated for temporal trends in mean birth weight, potential years of birth weight change and changes in the proportions of very low (<1500 g), low (<2500 g) and high (≥4000 g) birth weight. Analysis used multiple linear and logistic regression adjusted for maternal age, marital status, area-level deprivation and ethnicity. Additional analyses used the ONS NHS Numbers for Babies data set for 2006–2012, which has information on individual ethnicity and gestational age.ResultsOver 27 years there was an increase in birth weight of 43 g (95% CI 42 to 44) in females and 44 g (95% CI 43 to 45) in males, driven by birth weight increases between 1986–1990 and 2007–2012. There was a concurrent decreased risk of having low birth weight but an 8% increased risk in males and 10% increased risk in females of having high birth weight. For 2006–2012 the birth weight increase was greater in preterm as compared with term births.ConclusionsSince 1986 the birth weight distribution of live, single births in England and Wales has shifted towards heavier births, partly explained by increases in maternal age and non-white ethnicity, as well as changes in deprivation levels. Other potential influences include increases in maternal obesity and reductions in smoking prevalence particularly following the introduction of legislation restricting smoking in public places in 2007.
Nursing home Facebook reviews: who has them, and how do they relate to other measures of quality and experience?
Authors: Gaudet Hefele Jennifer , Li Yue , Campbell Lauren , Barooah Adrita , Wang Joyce 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe growing use of social media creates opportunities for patients and families to provide feedback and rate individual healthcare providers. Whereas previous studies have examined this emerging trend in hospital and physician settings, little is known about user ratings of nursing homes (NHs) and how these ratings relate to other measures of quality.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between Facebook user-generated NH ratings and other measures of NH satisfaction/experience and quality.MethodsThis study compared Facebook user ratings of NHs in Maryland (n=225) and Minnesota (n=335) to resident/family satisfaction/experience survey ratings and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) 5-star NH report card ratings.ResultsOverall, 55 NHs in Maryland had an official Facebook page, of which 35 provided the opportunity for users to rate care in the facility. In Minnesota, 126 NHs had a Facebook page, of which 78 allowed for user ratings. NHs with higher aid staffing levels, not affiliated with a chain and located in higher income counties were more likely to have a Facebook page. Facebook ratings were not significantly correlated with the CMS 5-star rating or survey-based resident/family satisfaction ratings.ConclusionsGiven the disconnect between Facebook ratings and other, more scientifically grounded measures of quality, concerns about the validity and use of social media ratings are warranted. However, it is likely consumers will increasingly turn to social media ratings of NHs, given the lack of consumer perspective on most state and federal report card sites. Thus, social media ratings may present a unique opportunity for healthcare report cards to capture real-time consumer voice.
Developing a shared decision support framework for aortic root surgery in Marfan syndrome
Authors: Treasure Tom , King Annette , Hidalgo Lemp Loreto , Golesworthy Tal , Pepper John , Takkenberg Johanna JM 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThe study is an early phase of development of a decision support framework for people with Marfan syndrome who are anticipating prophylactic aortic root surgery. Implications of the timing and the nature of the operation chosen were previously elicited in focus groups. In this step, we explored the range of relative values placed by individuals on the implications of decisions made about surgery.MethodsFollowing the principles of the Ottawa Decision Support Framework, eight questions in the general form ‘How important is it to you …’ were framed by a panel. Marfan people, families and specialist doctors answered online. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed.ResultsWorldwide, 142 responses were received including 25 specialist doctors. Respondents were 55% female and 46% had previous aortic root surgery. Overall, active lifestyle was more important to males (p=0.03). Patients placed more importance than doctors on not deferring surgery (p=0.04) and on avoidance of anticoagulation in the interests of childbearing (p=0.009). Qualitative analysis showed differing but cogently reasoned values that were sometimes polarised, and mainly driven by the wish to maintain a good quality of life and active lifestyle.ConclusionsGiven the cogency of these viewpoints, people anticipating root replacement surgery should have ample opportunity to express them and to have them acknowledged ahead of a consultation when they can then be fully explored in a mutually informed forum. If they differ from local medical practice, they can then be discussed in the process of reaching shared and individualised decisions.
Establishment of a comprehensive drug overdose fatality surveillance system in Kentucky to inform drug overdose prevention policies, interventions and best practices
Authors: Hargrove Sarah L , Bunn Terry L , Slavova Svetla , Quesinberry Dana , Corey Tracey , Ralston William , Singleton Michael D , Ingram Van 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundAccording to the National Center for Health Statistics, Kentucky had the third highest drug overdose fatality rate in the nation in 2015 at 29.9 drug overdose fatalities per 100 000 population.ObjectiveThe elevated drug overdose fatality rate necessitated the development and implementation of a comprehensive multisource drug overdose fatality surveillance system (DOFSS).MethodsDOFSS stakeholder work group members and data sources were identified, and memorandums of understanding were established. The following data sources were used to establish DOFSS: (1) death certificates; (2) autopsy reports; (3) toxicology result reports; (4) coroner reports; and (5) Kentucky All Schedule Prescription Electronic Reporting (KASPER) (prescription drug monitoring programme) data. Drug overdose poisonings were defined using Injury Surveillance Workgroup 7 definitions. Analyses were performed to investigate possible drug overdose-related health disparities for disabled drug overdose decedents and to characterise gabapentin in drug overdose deaths.ResultsDOFSS identified 2106 drug overdose poisoning fatalities in Kentucky for 2013–2014. Identification of specific drugs involved in drug overdose deaths increased from 75.8% using a single data source to 97.5% using multiple data sources. Disabled drug overdose decedents were significantly more likely to have an active prescription for drugs identified in their system compared with the non-disabled drug overdose decedents. Toxicology data showed increased gabapentin involvement in drug overdose deaths from 2.9% in 2013 to 17% in 2014. Alprazolam was found most often in combination with gabapentin (41%), along with various other benzodiazepines and prescription opioids.ConclusionsA comprehensive multisource DOFSS improved drug overdose fatality surveillance by increasing completeness of data and data quality. DOFSS is a model that can be considered by other states to enhance their efforts in tracking drug overdose fatalities, identifying new and emerging trends, and informing policies and best practices, to address and reduce drug overdoses.
Applying the health action process approach to bicycle helmet use and evaluating a social marketing campaign
Authors: Karl Florian M , Smith Jennifer , Piedt Shannon , Turcotte Kate , Pike Ian 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundBicycle injuries are of concern in Canada. Since helmet use was mandated in 1996 in the province of British Columbia, Canada, use has increased and head injuries have decreased. Despite the law, many cyclists do not wear a helmet. Health action process approach (HAPA) model explains intention and behaviour with self-efficacy, risk perception, outcome expectancies and planning constructs. The present study examines the impact of a social marketing campaign on HAPA constructs in the context of bicycle helmet use.MethodA questionnaire was administered to identify factors determining helmet use. Intention to obey the law, and perceived risk of being caught if not obeying the law were included as additional constructs. Path analysis was used to extract the strongest influences on intention and behaviour. The social marketing campaign was evaluated through t-test comparisons after propensity score matching and generalised linear modelling (GLM) were applied to adjust for the same covariates.Results400 cyclists aged 25–54 years completed the questionnaire. Self-efficacy and Intention were most predictive of intention to wear a helmet, which, moderated by planning, strongly predicted behaviour. Perceived risk and outcome expectancies had no significant impact on intention. GLM showed that exposure to the campaign was significantly associated with higher values in self-efficacy, intention and bicycle helmet use.ConclusionSelf-efficacy and planning are important points of action for promoting helmet use. Social marketing campaigns that remind people of appropriate preventive action have an impact on behaviour.
Do cardiometabolic, behavioural and socioeconomic factors explain the ‘healthy migrant effect’ in the UK? Linked mortality follow-up of South Asians compared with white Europeans in the Newcastle Heart Project
Authors: Hayes Louise , White Martin , McNally Richard J Q , Unwin Nigel , Tran Anh , Bhopal Raj 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundImmigrants are sometimes found to have better health than locally born populations. We examined the mortality experience of South Asian origin and white European origin individuals living in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.MethodsA linked 17–21 year mortality follow-up of a cross-sectional study of European (n=825) and South Asian (n=709) men and women, aged 25–74 years, recruited between 1993 and 1997. Poisson regression was used to estimate mortality rate ratios (MRRs) for all-cause mortality. Sensitivity analysis explored the possible effect of differences between ethnic groups in loss to follow-up. The impact of adjustment for established risk factors on MRRs was studied.ResultsSouth Asians had lower all-cause age-adjusted and sex-adjusted mortality than Europeans (MRR 0.70; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.85). There was higher loss to follow-up in South Asians. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that this did not account for the observed lower mortality. Adjustment for cardiometabolic, behavioural and socioeconomic characteristics attenuated but did not eliminate the mortality differences between South Asians and Europeans, although CIs now cross 1 (MRR 0.79; 95% CI 0.55 to 1.13).ConclusionsSouth Asians had lower all-cause mortality compared with European origin individuals living in Newcastle upon Tyne that were not accounted for by incomplete mortality data. It is possible that such migrants to the UK have the resources and motivation to move in search of better opportunities and may be healthier and wealthier than those who remain in their country of origin. These findings challenge us to better understand and measure the factors contributing to their survival advantage.
LOCALIZED ELECTRONIC SURFACE STATES IN METALLIC STRUCTURES
Authors: BELAYADI A. , BOURAHLA B. , MEKIDECHE-CHAFA F. 
Published: August 2017

We present theoretical models to study the localized electronic surface states in metallic structures. The materials under study have been chosen with different types of cubic meshes, fcc, sc and bcc. The calculation method used is closely related to the Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO) in the tight-binding method. We consider three cases: each of the atoms is described by a single atomic orbital of [Formula: see text]-, [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-type orbitals. In order to solve the rectangular secular equations of the systems under study, the phase field matching method is involved. In particular, we apply our approach to calculate the localized electronic surface states of some metals: (i) Chromium and Silver having, respectively, bcc and fcc structure and described as [Formula: see text]-type orbital. (ii) Nickel with sc crystallization and described by [Formula: see text]-type orbital. (iii) Palladium (Pd) given in fcc crystallization and described by [Formula: see text]-type orbital. The obtained results illustrate spatial edge effects between the bulk modes and the localized electronic states of the metallic surfaces over the three orientations of high symmetry path. We observe many localized states above and below the bulk band range. In addition, the relaxation effect on the surface layer has been investigated to compute the localized electronic surface state in this case and illustrate the lift of the degeneracy compared to the first calculations based on an ordered surface. The spacing geometry caused by the relaxation on the surface has been determined by using the Molecular dynamic algorithm and Morse interatomic potential.
‘Artful communicators’ at the Tobar an Cheoil: Traditional Irish music and the transmission of Irish cultural identity
Authors: Van Tuyll Debra Reddin , Purdy Carl 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Culture and cultural identity are formed, transmitted, and maintained when meaning is created and shared. Music is as capable of creating shared meaning as are verbal and visual communications. This study sought to use participant/observation and interviewing methodologies to explore the role of the session in creating an environment where traditional Irish music is free to transmit cultural values, beliefs and attitudes through their music as well as through fellowship and conversation. They found that both musicians and audience members believe music is a powerful cultural force in Ireland and that it will continue to be.
Mauerpark: Berlin’s gentrifying scene park
Authors: Sark Katrina 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Mauerpark (Karsten, 2011) is a documentary film shot in Berlin’s most notorious park in Prenzlauer Berg in the summer of 2009. It portrays diverse protagonists – artists, musicians, activists, performers and visitors – who frequent the park and participate in its array of activities, such as mass karaoke, flea market, outdoor basketball and other recreational sports, performances, arts, music, etc. Through their narratives, the park is presented as the last public space in Prenzlauer Berg that has not yet been completely gentrified and allows for sub- and countercultural, unregulated creativity and leisure. This article examines Karsten’s film and the gentrifying landscape of the New Berlin.
A ‘horizon of important questions’: Choice, action and identity in David Mitchell’s Cloud Atlas
Authors: Brown Kevin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Though David Mitchell’s novel Cloud Atlas was only published in 2004, critics are already beginning to write articles and book chapters about his novel. Thus far, though, no one has examined the novel’s portrayal of identity or authenticity as defined by individual choice and action, though this idea undergirds the entire novel. When most people talk about choice and identity, they refer to Jean-Paul’s Sartre’s view of Existentialism. Sartre’s philosophy works well when examining Mitchell’s novel, but using other ideas from Charles Taylor, a more contemporary philosopher, deepens how one reads the ideas about choice, action and identity that Mitchell’s novel examines. These six seemingly separate stories explore these ideas of choice, responsibility and identity, as each of the major characters struggles to discover who he or she is and how he or she should live in the various worlds they find themselves in. Looking at the novel through Sartrean Existentialism, along with Charles Taylor’s ideas about identity, we can see the major characters in Cloud Atlas all finally make choices that define who they are, choices that provide an identity that carries on beyond their own lives and stories.
Book Review
Authors: van Leeuwen Evert Jan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
THE EURO-WESTERN: REFRAMING GENDER RACE AND THE ‘OTHER’ IN FILM, LEE BROUGHTON (2016) London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 304 pp., ISBN: 9781784533892, h/bk, 62/$99; eISBN: 978 0857729408
A picture is worth a thousand words: Exploring immersion students’ language learning experiences in Honduras
Authors: Bettney Esther 
Published: August 2017

This qualitative study explored the experience of students learning English in an early partial one-way immersion program in Honduras. While the field of immersion research is well-established in various parts of the world, very little research has focused on programs in Central America. It is important to consider this context as models of bilingual education must be adapted to the needs of the local student population (de Mejía, 2002). Students’ viewpoints are important as a link has been established between students’ perceptions and their rates of second-language acquisition (Hamacher, 2007). To address this research gap, written reflections were collected from 203 students in Grades 1 to 11. Through pictures and words, students portrayed their experiences learning English, including the impact of specific instructional practices and their use of English outside of school. These findings are important as they provide insight into students’ learning experiences within an unexplored immersion context.Este estudio cualitativo exploró la experiencia de estudiantes aprendiendo inglés en un programa de inmersión temprana parcial de una vía en Honduras. Mientras la investigación sobre la inmersión está bien establecida en varias partes del mundo, se ha realizado muy poca investigación en América Central. Es importante considerar que este contexto como modelos de educación bilingüe debe ser adaptado a las necesidades de la población estudiantil local (de Mejía, 2002). Los puntos de vista de los estudiantes son importantes, ya que se ha establecido un vínculo entre la percepción de los alumnos y el ritmo de la adquisición de una segunda lengua (Hamacher, 2007). Para tratar esta laguna de investigación, se recolectaron reflexiones escritas de 203 alumnos entre primer y undécimo grado. Los estudiantes representaron sus experiencias aprendiendo inglés a través de dibujos y palabras, incluyendo el impacto de prácticas docentes específicas y su uso fuera de la escuela. Estos hallazgos son importantes ya que proveen una perspectiva en las experiencias de aprendizaje de los estudiantes en un contexto inexplorado de inmersión.
Effects of alprazolam and haloperidol on thyroglobulin, antithyroglobulin, anti thyroid peroxidase and TSH in Rat
Authors: Samadi Afshin , Ansari Mohammad Hassan Khadem , Ulusu Nuriye Nuray 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
A large number of psychotropic drugs can interfere with the thyroid physiology, function and autoimmunity.

Objective
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of alprazolam and haloperidol on thyroglobulin, antithyroglobulin (aTg), antithyroid peroxidase, and thyroid stimulating hormone levels on rats.

Materials and Methods
First group of adult male Wistar rats was the control, second group received 0.5 mg kg−1 haloperidol in physiological saline and the third group received 0.5 mg kg−1 alprazolam, via gastric gavage once daily for 28 days. Plasma levels of all thyroid function tests were measured with chemiluminescent assay.

Results
We have investigated a decrease in aTg amounts of control group (5.461±0.718) compared with drug treated rats with alprazolam (1.433±0.225) and haloperidol (1.21±0.228). (PaTg=0.00[ALP], PaTg=0.01[HAL]). Although there were not any change in thyroglobulin levels in the haloperidol treated groups (0.9583±0.014) relative to control group (0.975±0.015); but in opposition Tg levels decreased significantly in response to alprazolam (0.36±0.16) compared with the control group (0.975±0.015), p-values are (PTg=0. 001[ALP]), (PTg=0. 021[HAL]).

Conclusion
We found that these two drugs may interfere with the thyroid physiology and metabolism.
Exact Analysis of the Flow and Heat Transfer of the SA-TiO2 Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Between Two Coaxial Cylinders Through a Porous Medium
Authors: Almazmumy Mariam , Ebaid Abdelhalim 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In this article, the flow and heat transfer of a non-Newtonian nanofluid between two coaxial cylinders through a porous medium has been investigated. The velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles concentration of the present mathematical model are governed by a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The objective of this article is to obtain new exact solutions for the temperature and the nanoparticles concentration and, therefore, compare them with the previous approximate results in the literature. Moreover, the velocity equation has been numerically solved. The effects of the pressure gradient, thermophoresis, third-grade, Brownian motion, and porosity parameters on the included phenomena have been discussed through several tables and plots. It is found that the velocity profile is increased by increasing the pressure gradient parameter, thermophoresis parameter (slightly), third-grade parameter, and Brownian motion parameter (slightly); however, it decreases with an increase in the porosity parameter and viscosity power index. In addition, the temperature and the nanoparticles concentration reduce with the strengthen of the Brownian motion parameter, while they increase by increasing the thermophoresis parameter. Furthermore, the numerical solution and the physical interpretation in the literature for the same problem have been validated with the current exact analysis, where many remarkable differences and errors have been concluded. Therefore, the suggested analysis may be recommended with high trust for similar problems.