bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A vimentin binding small molecule leads to mitotic disruption in mesenchymal cancers
Authors: Bollong Michael J. , Pietilä Mika , Pearson Aaron D. , Sarkar Tapasree Roy , Ahmad Insha , Soundararajan Rama , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Mani Sendurai A. , Schultz Peter G. , Lairson Luke L. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Cancer cells derived from mesenchymal tissues or induced to adopt a mesenchymal state have been demonstrated to be largely resistant to standard chemotherapies, necessitating the identification of new effective treatment strategies. From a high throughput screen, we have discovered FiVe1, a compound capable of irreversibly inhibiting the growth of mesenchymally transformed cancer cells by binding to and interfering with the organization and phosphorylation of vimentin (VIM) during mitosis. In contrast to the many naturally and synthetically derived compounds targeting microtubules, we report that chemically targeting an intermediate filament protein, VIM, promotes mitotic catastrophe. As VIM expression is restricted to mesenchymal cells, these results provide a mechanistic basis toward developing genotype-selective chemotherapeutics for the treatment of mesenchymal cancers.
Electromechanical wave imaging and electromechanical wave velocity estimation in a large animal model of myocardial infarction
Authors: Costet Alexandre , Melki Lea , Sayseng Vincent , Hamid Nadira , Nakanishi Koki , Wan Elaine , Hahn Rebecca , Homma Shunichi , Konofagou Elisa 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Echocardiography is often used in the clinic for detection and characterization of myocardial infarction. Electromechanical wave imaging (EWI) is a non-invasive ultrasound-based imaging technique based on time-domain incremental motion and strain estimation that can evaluate changes in contractility in the heart. In this study, electromechanical activation is assessed in infarcted heart to determine whether EWI is capable of detecting and monitoring infarct formation. Additionally, methods for estimating electromechanical wave (EW) velocity are presented, and changes in the EW propagation velocity after infarct formation are studied.
Five (n  =  5) adult mongrels were used in this study. Successful infarct formation was achieved in three animals by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Dogs were survived for a few days after LAD ligation and monitored daily with EWI. At the end of the survival period, dogs were sacrificed and TTC (tetrazolium chloride) staining confirmed the formation and location of the infarct. In all three dogs, as soon as day 1 EWI was capable of detecting late-activated and non-activated regions, which grew over the next few days. On final day images, the extent of these regions corresponded to the location of infarct as confirmed by staining. EW velocities in border zones of infarct were significantly lower post-infarct formation when compared to baseline, whereas velocities in healthy tissues were not.
These results indicate that EWI and EW velocity might help with the detection of infarcts and their border zones, which may be useful for characterizing arrhythmogenic substrate.
Germline competency of human embryonic stem cells depends on eomesodermin
Authors: Chen Di , Liu Wanlu , Lukianchikov Anastasia , Hancock Grace V , Zimmerman Jill , Lowe Matthew G , Kim Rachel , Galic Zoran , Irie Naoko , Surani M Azim , Jacobsen Steven E , Clark Amander T 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In humans, germline competency and the specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs) are thought to occur in a restricted developmental window during early embryogenesis. Despite the importance of specifying the appropriate number of PGCs for human reproduction, the molecular mechanisms governing PGC formation remain largely unexplored. Here, we compared PGC-like cell (PGCLC) differentiation from 18 independently derived human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines, and discovered that the expression of primitive streak genes were positively associated with hESC germline competency. Furthermore, we show that chemical inhibition of TGFβ and WNT signaling, which are required for primitive streak formation and CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of Eomesodermin (EOMES), significantly impacts PGCLC differentiation from hESCs. Taken together, our results suggest that human PGC formation involves signaling and transcriptional programs associated with somatic germ layer induction and expression of EOMES.
Immunogenicity of Different Routine Poliovirus Vaccination Schedules: A Randomized, Controlled Trial in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Ali F , Mach Ondrej , Yousafzai Mohammad T , Khan Asia , Weldon William C , Steven Oberste M , Zaidi Syed S , Alam Muhammad M , Quadri Farheen , Sutter Roland W , Zaidi Anita K M 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
We assessed immunity against polioviruses induced with a new Pakistani poliovirus immunization schedule and compared it to alternative poliovirus immunization schedules.

Methods
Newborns were randomized to undergo vaccination based on 1 of 5 vaccination schedules, with doses administered at birth and at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Arm A received inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) at all time points. Arm B received bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) at all time points. Arms C and D received bOPV at the first 3 time points and bOPV plus IPV at the final time point (the current schedule). Arm E received trivalent OPV (tOPV) at all time points. At 22 weeks of age, all children received 1 challenge dose of tOPV, and children in arm D received 1 additional IPV dose. Sera were analyzed for the presence of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies at birth and 14 and 22 weeks of age.

Results
Seroconversion for poliovirus type 1 (PV1) at 22 weeks of age was observed in 80% of individuals in arm A, 97% in arm B, 94% in arm C, 96% in arm D, and 94% in arm E; for PV2, seroconversion frequencies were 84%, 19%, 53%, 49%, and 93%, respectively; and for PV3, seroconversion frequencies were 93%, 94%, 98%, 94%, and 85%, respectively.

Conclusions
The current immunization schedule in Pakistan induced high seroconversion rates for PV1 and PV3; however, it induced PV2 seroconversion in only half of study subjects. There is a growing cohort of young children in Pakistan who are unprotected against PV2; and this creates an increasing risk of a large-scale outbreak of poliomyelitis caused by circulating vaccine-derived PV2.
Increased Volume of Lumbar Surgeries for Herniated Intervertebral Disc Disease and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Kim Chi Heon , Chung Chun Kee , Kim Myo Jeong , Choi Yunhee , Kim Min-Jung , Hahn Seokyung , Shin Sukyoun , Jong Jong-myung , Lee Jun Ho 
Published: November 2017

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study of a nationwide database.

Objective.
The primary objective was to summarize the use of surgical methods for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc disease (HIVD) at two different time periods under the national health insurance system. The secondary objective was to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis by utilizing incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

Summary of Background Data.
The selection of surgical method for HIVD may or may not be consistent with cost effectiveness under national health insurance system, but this issue has rarely been analyzed.

Methods.
The data of all patients who underwent surgeries for HIVD in 2003 (n = 17,997) and 2008 (n = 38,264) were retrieved. The surgical methods included open discectomy (OD), fusion surgery, laminectomy, and percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD). The hospitals were classified as tertiary-referral hospitals (≥300 beds), medium-sized hospitals (30–300 beds), or clinics (<30 beds). ICER showed the difference in the mean total cost per 1% decrease in the reoperation probability among surgical methods. The total cost included the costs of the index surgery and the reoperation.

Results.
In 2008, the number of surgeries increased by 2.13-fold. The number of hospitals increased by 34.75% (731 in 2003 and 985 in 2008). The proportion of medium-sized hospitals increased from 62.79% to 70.86%, but the proportion of surgeries performed at those hospitals increased from 61.31% to 85.08%. The probability of reoperation was highest after laminectomy (10.77%), followed by OD (10.50%), PELD (9.20%), and fusion surgery (7.56%). The ICERs indicated that PELD was a cost-effective surgical method. The proportion of OD increased from 71.21% to 84.12%, but that of PELD decreased from 16.68% to 4.57%.

Conclusion.
The choice of surgical method might not always be consistent with cost-effectiveness strategies, and a high proportion of medium-sized hospitals may be responsible for this change.

Level of Evidence: 4
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Cases Volume and ICU Mortality in Medical Patients
Authors: Dres Martin , Austin Peter C. , Pham Tài , Aegerter Philippe , Guidet Bertrand , Demoule Alexandre , Vieillard-Baron Antoine , Brochard Laurent , Geri Guillaume 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
To determine whether ICUs caring for higher volumes of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients would be associated with lower ICU mortality.

Design:
A 9-year multicenter retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data.

Setting:
French medical ICUs.

Patients:
From 2004 to 2012, acute respiratory distress syndrome cases were identified from a coding system through a regional database (Collège des Utilisateurs de Données en Réanimation).

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Volume was calculated as the cumulative annual mean number of acute respiratory distress syndrome cases. Severity (Simplified Acute Physiology Score 2) and ICU mortality between categories (low, medium, and high) of acute respiratory distress syndrome cases volume were analyzed. Multivariable analysis using mixed effects models was performed to adjust for severity of illness and confounding factors. Over the study period, 8,383 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients among 31 ICUs met the study inclusion criteria. Overall, Simplified Acute Physiology Score 2 (median [interquartile]) was 58 (43−74), whereas ICU mortality was 53.7%. Severity as assessed by Simplified Acute Physiology Score 2 (median [interquartile]) was significantly higher in high-volume ICUs (> 65 acute respiratory distress syndrome per year) as compared to low (≤ 29 acute respiratory distress syndrome per year) and medium-volume ICUs (> 29−65 acute respiratory distress syndrome per year): 61 (46−77) versus 55 (41−72) and 55.0 (40−72), respectively (p < 0.01). ICU mortality was similar across the acute respiratory distress syndrome volume categories (53.6%, 54.1%, and 53.3% in low-, medium-, and high-volume categories ICUs, respectively). After adjustment for confounders, acute respiratory distress syndrome case volume was independently associated with ICU mortality (odds ratio for log-transformed volume: 0.77 [95% CI, 0.62–0.96]; p = 0.02).

Conclusions:
ICUs caring for higher volumes of acute respiratory distress syndrome cases were associated with lower ICU mortality.
Using Robotics to Quantify Impairments in Sensorimotor Ability, Visuospatial Attention, Working Memory, and Executive Function After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Logan Lindsey M. , Semrau Jennifer A. , Debert Chantel T. , Kenzie Jeffrey M. , Scott Stephen H. , Dukelow Sean P. 
Published: October 2017

Objective:To investigate the use of a robotic assessment tool to quantify sensorimotor, visuospatial attention, and executive function impairments in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Setting:Foothills Hospital (Calgary, Canada).Participants:Twenty-three subjects with first-time TBI in the subacute to chronic phase participated in this study. Normative data were collected from 275 to 494 neurologically intact control subjects for each robotic task.Design:A prospective observational case series. Subjects with TBI completed brief clinical cognitive and motor assessments followed by robotic assessments of upper limb reaching, position sense, bimanual motor ability, attention, and visuospatial skills. Scores of subjects with TBI were compared with normative data.Main Measures:Robotic task performance was computed for each subject on each task, as well as performance on specific task parameters. Clinical assessments included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Fugl-Meyer upper extremity assessment, and Purdue Peg Board.Results:Subjects with TBI demonstrated a variety of deficits on robotic tasks. The proportion of TBI subjects who were significantly different from controls ranged from 36% (dominant arm reaching) to 60% (bimanual object hitting task).Conclusion:Robotic measures allowed us to quantify a range of impairments specific to each subject, and offer an objective tool with which to examine these abilities after TBI.
Lifetime History of Traumatic Brain Injury and Current Disability Among Ohio Adults
Authors: Yi Honggang , Corrigan John D. , Singichetti Bhavna , Bogner Jennifer A. , Manchester Kara , Guo Jinhong , Yang Jingzhen 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To examine the associations between lifetime history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with loss of consciousness (LOC) and several types of current disability among adult, noninstitutionalized residents of Ohio.

Participants:
2014 Ohio Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System participants (n = 6998).

Design:
Statewide population-based survey.

Main Measures:
Lifetime history of TBI with LOC (number and severity of injury, age of first injury), and number and type of disability (vision, cognition, mobility, self-care, and/or independent living).

Results:
Of the 6998 participants, 1325 reported lifetime history of TBI with LOC, and 1959 reported currently having one or more disabilities. When weighted, these represented 21.7% and 23.7% of Ohio's noninstitutionalized adult population, respectively. Adults with a history of TBI with LOC showed greater odds of any disability compared with adults with no history (odds ratio = 2.49; 95% confidence interval = 1.97-3.15). The likelihood of having any and each type of disability increased as the number of TBIs or the severity of worst TBI increased, regardless of sustaining first TBI before or after the age of 15 years.

Conclusions:
Lifetime history of TBI with LOC is significantly associated with disability among Ohio adults. Further research on the natural course of the relation and preventive strategies is warranted.
Acute Illness Protocol for Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Authors: Rodan Lance H. , Aldubayan Saud H. , Berry Gerard T. , Levy Harvey L. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are genetic disorders that disrupt enzyme activity, cellular transport, or energy production. They are individually rare but collectively have an incidence of 1:1000. Most patients with IEMs are followed up by a physician with expertise in biochemical genetics (metabolism), but may present outside this setting. Because IEMs can present acutely with life-threatening crises that require specific interventions, it is critical for the emergency medicine physician, pediatrician, internist, and critical care physician as well as the biochemical geneticist to have information on the initial assessment and management of patients with these disorders. Appropriate early care can be lifesaving. This protocol is not designed to replace the expert consultation of a biochemical geneticist, but rather to improve early care and increase the level of comfort of the acute care physician with initial management of maple syrup urine disease until specialty consultation is obtained.
Patient-Reported Pain Outcomes for Children Attending an Emergency Department With Limb Injury
Authors: Clapp Adrianna D.M. , Thull-Freedman Jennifer , Mitra Tatum , Lethebe Brendan Cord , Williamson Tyler , Stang Antonia Schirmer 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe patient-reported pain outcomes at various stages of an emergency department (ED) visit for pediatric limb injury.MethodsThis prospective cohort consisted of 905 patients aged 4 to 17 years with acute limb injury and a minimum initial pain score of 4/10. Patients reported pain scores and treatments offered and received at each stage of their ED visit. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictors for severe pain on initial assessment and moderate or severe pain at ED discharge.ResultsThe initial median pain score was 6/10 (interquartile range, 4–6) and decreased at discharge to 4/10 (interquartile range, 2–6). Stages of the ED visit where the highest proportion of patients reported severe pain (score, ≥8 of 10) were fracture reduction (26.0% [19/73]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 17.1%–37.5%), intravenous insertion (24.4% [11/45]; 95% CI, 13.8%–39.6%), and x-ray (23.7% [158/668]; 95% CI, 20.6%–27.0%). Predictors of severe pain at initial assessment included younger age (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87–0.97), female sex (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40–0.84), and presence of fracture (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.07–2.33) whereas, at discharge, older age (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06–1.23) predicted moderate/severe pain (score, ≥4 of 10).ConclusionsThese results on the location and predictors of severe pain during an ED visit for limb injury can be used to target interventions to improve pain management and patient outcomes.
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State During Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Chan Randall Yimbong , Shah Ankit V.K. , Lewis Keith E. , Johnson Jeffrey L. , Sequeira Paola , Ho Cynthia H. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present the case of a 16-year-old boy who presented with fatigue, polyuria, and polydipsia while on chemotherapy for his relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Blood gas examination confirmed the diagnosis of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. The etiology for his hyperglycemia was most likely a result of oral glucocorticoid therapy combined with asparaginase therapy—both are a cornerstone of induction chemotherapy for ALL. The patient was aggressively rehydrated with saline, and medications were administered to correct his hyperkalemia. He was then slowly brought to euglycemia with a continuous infusion of insulin. Although hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is rare during the treatment of ALL, frontline providers should be aware of this diagnosis because of the significant risk of hypovolemic shock and death if correction of hyperglycemia occurs prior to complete fluid resuscitation.
Coronal Plane Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurement of Hippocampal Formation Volume of Healthy Chinese Adults
Authors: Zhong Hua , Yang Ming , Cheng Kai Liang , Fu Qiang , Tian Yong , Li Youqiong 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide hippocampal formation volume data for the clinic and diagnoses of the related diseases for healthy Chinese adult. Three-dimensional fast-spoiled gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging sequence scanning was used in 68 cases of healthy adult brain to gain the image between lateral border of bilateral fourth ventricle and vitreous body. The image then was divided into 10 equal parts in the sagittal plane. We draw the outline and then obtain the area and volume of the hippocampal formation in each part, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software. Results of the research showed that the volume of the hippocampal in healthy Chinese adult left side is ∼2319.87 to 2602.47 mm3, right side is ∼2443.96 to 2755.89 mm3; male left side is ∼2135.00 to 2494.29 mm3, right side is −2350.21 to 2745.61 mm3; female left side is ∼2328.13 to 2748.41 mm3, right side is ∼2398.41 to 2909.48 mm3. The volume of hippocampal absence correlated with age (P > 0.05), youth group. The volume of hippocampal has significant sexual difference (t = 2.500, P < 0.05). The volumes of the left and right sides have significant difference (t = 2.571, P < 0.05). For the female group (middle-age and youth), the volumes of right side hippocampal have significant difference (P < 0.05).
Efficacy of Surgical Treatment on the Recurrent Stroke Prevention for Adult Patients With Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Wang Guoqing , Zhang Xiaoyang , Feng Mengzhao , Liu Xianzhi , Guo Fuyou 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
It remains controversial about the optimal treatment of adult hemorrhagic moyamoya disease (MMD). In this study, the authors performed a meta-analysis to determine whether surgical treatment of adult hemorrhagic MMD is superior to conservative treatment.

Methods:
A systematic search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central databases was performed for articles published until May 2017. Randomized-controlled trials and cohort studies about the efficacy of surgical treatment and conservative treatment in patients with hemorrhagic MMD at 16 years of age or older were selected. Recurrent stroke incidence including hemorrhagic and ischemic events at the end of the follow-up period was calculated between the 2 groups with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:
A total of 3 articles (including 146 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. There were significant differences between the 2 groups when the authors compared the overall recurrent stroke rate at the end of the follow-up period. Surgical treatment significantly reduced the risk of stroke (risk ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24–0.76; P = 0.004).

Conclusions:
The current meta-analysis suggests that surgical treatment is better for conservative treatment in adult hemorrhagic MMD with recurrent stroke rate. Future studies are required to confirm this conclusion.
Maxillary Osteomyelitis Caused by Kocuria Species in a Patient Who Is on Long-Term Uncontrolled Use of Methylprednisolone
Authors: Kilinç Adnan , Tepecik Tahsin , Baş Mehmet Zahit , Sancar Bahadir 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Uncontrolled use of medicines bring with it serious health problems. Long-term and uncontrolled use of steroids, without the supervision of a healthcare professional, may cause unexpected infections due to immunosuppression. The authors present a patient with maxillary osteomyelitis caused by Kocuria species in a 41-year-old male who has been receiving methylprednisolone without control for 1.5 years.
A Formula to Calculate Standard Liver Volume Using Thoracoabdominal Circumference
Authors: Shaw Brian I. , Burdine Lyle J. , Braun Hillary J. , Ascher Nancy L. , Roberts John P. 
Published: October 2017

Background
With the use of split liver grafts as well as living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) it is imperative to know the minimum graft volume to avoid complications. Most current formulas to predict standard liver volume (SLV) rely on weight-based measures that are likely inaccurate in the setting of cirrhosis. Therefore, we sought to create a formula for estimating SLV without weight-based covariates.

Methods
LDLT donors underwent computed tomography scan volumetric evaluation of their livers. An optimal formula for calculating SLV using the anthropomorphic measure thoracoabdominal circumference (TAC) was determined using leave-one-out cross-validation. The ability of this formula to correctly predict liver volume was checked against other existing formulas by analysis of variance. The ability of the formula to predict small grafts in LDLT was evaluated by exact logistic regression.

Results
The optimal formula using TAC was determined to be SLV = (TAC × 3.5816) − (Age × 3.9844) − (Sex × 109.7386) − 934.5949. When compared to historic formulas, the current formula was the only one which was not significantly different than computed tomography determined liver volumes when compared by analysis of variance with Dunnett posttest. When evaluating the ability of the formula to predict small for size syndrome, many (10/16) of the formulas tested had significant results by exact logistic regression, with our formula predicting small for size syndrome with an odds ratio of 7.94 (95% confidence interval, 1.23-91.36; P = 0.025).

Conclusion
We report a formula for calculating SLV that does not rely on weight-based variables that has good ability to predict SLV and identify patients with potentially small grafts.