bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalable Reduced Graphene Oxide Conductive Layer‐Based Particulate Photocathodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Sun Ruiyuan , Liu Qinglu , Liu Qitao , Qin Weilong , Le Jiabo , Ren Xiaopei , Akbar Muhammad Bilal , Zhou Yang , Xia Chonghan , Sun Licheng , Kuang Yongbo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractParticle transfer method photoelectrodes show superior photoelectrochemical performance compared to traditional powder‐based methods, making them a promising solution for solar water splitting in sustainable energy. This study introduces an innovative nonvacuum particle transfer method for fabricating photoelectrodes on a conductive carbon substrate, addressing the challenges associated with the high costs and vacuum deposition processes of traditional methods. Utilizing a p‐type CuFeO2 powder semiconductor, a unique substrate is developed by applying a graphene oxide layer mixed with a small amount of silica binder on the particle layer's backside through ultrasonic atomization spraying. This layer is converted into multilayered reduced graphene oxide (ML‐rGO) via wet chemical reduction, resulting in a substrate boasting a high work function (4.8 eV), alongside remarkable chemical stability, mechanical strength, and conductivity. The fabricated CuFeO2 photocathode demonstrated an onset potential of 0.97 V versus RHE and a photocurrent density of 1.5 mA cm−2 at 0.6 V versus RHE for H2O2 reduction. Further enhancement is achieved by depositing Pt as a cocatalyst, which ensured stability for over 20 h in an alkaline medium for water splitting. This study sets a new benchmark for developing CuFeO2‐based photocathodes, paving the way for broader particle transfer method applications.
Au‐Nanodots Embedded Self‐Rectifying Analog Charge Trap Memristor with Modified Bias Voltage Application Method for Stable Multi‐Bit Hardware‐Based Neural Network
Authors: Park Taegyun , Kim Jihun , Kwon Young Jae , Kim Han Joon , Yim Seong Pil , Shin Dong Hoon , Kim Yeong Rok , Kim Hae Jin , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe self‐rectifying memristor with a bilayer of trap‐rich HfO2 and insulating Ta2O5 oxide layers is considered one of the most promising candidates for the memristive crossbar array due to its superior switching performance, scalability with 3D stacking, and low operating power. However, the output current variation due to the electron detrapping from trap states can cause the failure of critical operations in neuromorphic applications. This work suggests two solutions to mitigate the switching variations and insufficient data retention time by embedding gold nanodots and modifying the bias voltage application methods for read, write, and erase operations in the crossbar array. The switching mechanism is studied by varying the embedded position of the gold nanodots across the thickness direction of the bilayered oxides, which helped to optimize device performance further. Combining the two solutions into the proposed self‐rectifying memristor enables a single device to have the 7‐possible, stable states by preventing interstate overlap and securing the retention. Consequently, the hardware neural network consisting of self‐rectifying memristors with gold nanodots with the modified bias voltage application methods demonstrates a high inference accuracy of 93.1% in MNIST handwritten digit classification, comparable to the software‐based accuracy of 93.4%, benefiting from the enhanced multi‐state uniformity.
Intermolecular Gold‐Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer Employing Aryl Azides: An Access to 7‐Functionalized 2‐Aminoindoles
Authors: Puskov George I. , Shcherbakov Nikolay V. , Kukushkin Vadim Yu. , Dubovtsev Alexey Yu. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe report on intermolecular gold‐catalyzed nitrene transfer, utilizing o‐functionalized aryl azides as nitrene transfer reagents. This catalytic reaction provides a modular route to 7‐functionalized 2‐aminoindoles. Due to the optimized reaction conditions (toluene, 80–100 °C), a variety of functional substituents proved compatible (36 examples; yields up to 98%). The reaction can be performed using both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic variants with a low catalyst loading (1 mol %). The synthetic potential of the obtained products was illustrated by post‐modifications of the indole backbone and peripheral substituents. A plausible reaction mechanism includes the generation of intermediate α‐imino carbenes directly from the o‐functionalized aryl azides or other nitrene sources, such as anthranils or benzofuroxans, which form during the reaction in the cases of the specific aryls.
Space‐Confined Synthesis of Thinner Ether‐Functionalized Nanofiltration Membranes with Coffee Ring Structure for Li+/Mg2+ Separation
Authors: Meng Wentong , Chen Sifan , Chen Pu , Gao Feng , Lu Jianguo , Hou Yang , He Qinggang , Zhan Xiaoli , Zhang Qinghua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPositively charged nanofiltration membranes have attracted much attention in the field of lithium extraction from salt lakes due to their excellent ability to separate mono‐ and multi‐valent cations. However, the thicker selective layer and the lower affinity for Li+ result in lower separation efficiency of the membranes. Here, PEI‐P membranes with highly efficient Li+/Mg2+ separation performance are prepared by introducing highly lithophilic 4,7,10‐Trioxygen‐1,13‐tridecanediamine (DCA) on the surface of PEI‐TMC membranes using a post‐modification method. Characterization and experimental results show that the utilization of the DCA‐TMC crosslinked structure as a space‐confined layer to inhibit the diffusion of the monomer not only increases the positive charge density of the membrane but also reduces its thickness by ≈35% and presents a unique coffee‐ring structure, which ensures excellent water permeability and rejection of Mg2+. The ion–dipole interaction of the ether chains with Li+ facilitates Li+ transport and improves the Li+/Mg2+ selectivity (SLi,Mg = 23.3). In a three‐stage nanofiltration process for treating simulated salt lake water, the PEI‐P membrane can reduce the Mg2+/Li+ ratio of the salt lake by 400‐fold and produce Li2CO3 with a purity of more than 99.5%, demonstrating its potential application in lithium extraction from salt lakes.
Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Real‐Time Wound Status Monitoring and Comprehensive Treatment
Authors: Lei Huan , Yu Xueqing , Fan Daidi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrent skin sensors or wound dressings fall short in addressing the complexities and challenges encountered in real‐world scenarios, lacking adequate capability to facilitate wound repair. The advancement of methodologies enabling early diagnosis, real‐time monitoring, and active regulation of drug delivery for timely comprehensive treatment holds paramount significance for complex chronic wounds. In this study, a nanocomposite hydrogel is devised for real‐time monitoring of wound condition and comprehensive treatment. Tannins and siRNA containing matrix metalloproteinase‐9 gene siRNA interference are self‐assembled to construct a degradable nanogel and modified with bovine serum albumin. The nanogel and pH indicator are encapsulated within a dual‐crosslinking hydrogel synthesized with norbornene dianhydride‐modified paramylon. The hydrogel exhibited excellent shape adaptability due to borate bonding, and the click polymerization reaction led to rapid in situ curing of the hydrogel. The system not only monitors pH, temperature, wound exudate alterations, and peristalsis during wound healing but also exhibits hemostatic, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, modulates macrophage polarization, and facilitates vascular tissue regeneration. This therapeutic approach, which integrates the monitoring of pathological parameters with comprehensive treatment, is anticipated to address the clinical issues and challenges associated with chronic diabetic wounds and infected wounds, offering broad prospects for application.
Needle‐Plug/Piston‐Based Modular Mesoscopic Design Paradigm Coupled With Microfluidic Device for Point‐of‐Care Pooled Testing
Authors: Lin Baobao , Li Bao , Zeng Wu , Zhao Yulan , Li Huiping , Gu Yin , Liu Peng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEmerging diagnostic scenarios, such as population surveillance by pooled testing and on‐site rapid diagnosis, highlight the importance of advanced microfluidic systems for in vitro diagnostics. However, the widespread adoption of microfluidic technology faces challenges due to the lack of standardized design paradigms, posing difficulties in managing macro‐micro fluidic interfaces, reagent storage, and complex macrofluidic operations. This paper introduces a novel modular‐based mesoscopic design paradigm, featuring a core “needle‐plug/piston” structure with versatile variants for complex fluidic operations. These structures can be easily coupled with various microfluidic platforms to achieve truly self‐contained microsystems. Incorporated into a “3D extensible” design architecture, the mesoscopic design meets the demands of function integration, macrofluid manipulations, and flexible throughputs for point‐of‐care nucleic acid testing. Using this approach, an ultra‐sensitive nucleic acid detection system is developed with a limit of detection of ten copies of SARS‐CoV‐2 per mL. This system efficiently conducts large‐scale pooled testing from 50 pharyngeal swabs in a tube with an uncompromised sensitivity, enabling a truly “sample‐in‐answer‐out” microsystem with exceptional performance.
Effective Corrosion‐Resistant Single‐Atom Alloy Catalyst on HfO2‐Passivated BiVO4 Photoanode for Durable (≈800 h) Solar Water Oxidation
Authors: Arunachalam Maheswari , Lee Kug‐Seung , Zhu Kai , Kang Soon Hyung 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGreen hydrogen (H2) production from solar water splitting necessitates photoelectrodes with superior photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity and durability. However, surface defects and photocorrosion instability—especially at high potentials—limit PEC performance and stability. Herein, the prototypical bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photoanode is used to demonstrate a holistic approach to improve photocurrent density and long‐term stability. In this approach, high surface‐area nanostructuring of BiVO4 is combined with barium (Ba) doping with semi‐crystalline hafnium oxide (HfO2) surface passivation and single‐atom nickel platinum (NiPt) catalysts. The introduction of Ba2+ ions into BiVO4 increases the concentration of conductive V4+ ions or the ratio of V4+ ions to oxygen vacancies, avoiding V5+ dissolution during water oxidation. The semi‐crystalline HfO2, which serves as a passivation layer, prevents BiVO4 photocorrosion by suppressing harmful chemical reactions when holes are transferred to the electrolyte. The synergistic use of isolated single‐atom and Ni‐Pt coordination improves charge transfer at the photoanode/electrolyte interface, leading to enhanced PEC kinetics and stability. As a result, a photoelectrode is demonstrated with ≈6.5 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and continuous operation for 800 h with a negligible degradation rate. This work provides a promising approach to improve photoanodes for PEC H2 production.
Abnormal ear development in corn: Does hybrid, environment, and planting date matter?
Authors: Ortez O. A. , McMechan A. J. , Robinson E. , Elmore R. W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCorn (Zea mays L.) yields have increased historically, but production concerns still exist. For decades, abnormal corn ear development symptoms have been reported. Most of these reports have not been addressed through research, perhaps due to low occurrence and challenges in replicating them. In 2016, widespread abnormal ear development (multiple ears per node, barbell‐ears, and short‐husk ears) issues were reported in several cornfields in the Texas Panhandle, Eastern Colorado, Nebraska, and other US Midwest states. Fields with a high frequency of abnormalities resulted in lower yields. To investigate causal factors, a field trial was established to study the effect of hybrids, environments, and planting dates on abnormal ears. The project was conducted at two Nebraska sites during the 2018, 2019, and 2020 growing seasons. Six hybrids, six environments, and four planting dates were studied. Approximately 59,200 plants were individually assessed at the dent stage (R5). Abnormal ear percentages ranged from 0% to 45% per plot, with a mean of 6.66% across all conditions. Interactions among hybrids, environments, and planting dates were documented despite the overall low incidence of abnormal ears. Grain yields ranged from 5.2 to 22.5 Mg ha−1; hybrids with higher abnormal ear percentages were associated with lower yields. The main documented symptom was short‐husk ears. Abnormal ears were often placed at lower heights in the plant relative to normal ears. The results presented here demonstrate the importance of studying abnormal ears and understanding the impact of planting dates and hybrid selection as potential strategies to mitigate abnormal ears.
Body Mass Gain in Wild Brown Capuchins (Sapajus apella) in Relation to Fruit Production and Social Dominance
Authors: Galvis Nelson F. , Rodríguez Daniela , Stevenson Pablo R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn ecological contexts natural selection might favor individuals with a larger body mass to monopolize resources; however, there is wide variation in body mass within populations and potential factors. In this study, we evaluated whether fruit production limits body mass in one group of Sapajus apella, its effects on behavior, and whether there is a relationship between social status and body mass. We recorded activity patterns using focal follows (20 min), body mass (using a modified Ohaus scale), and community wide fruit production estimates (from 60 fruit traps). Body mass remained relatively stable during periods of food scarcity, but in periods of abundance most individuals gained weight, as indicated by their relative growth rates (RGR). Subordinate subadults showed the highest RGR, as expected by their age. In periods of high fruit production activities as traveling, grooming, and playing were more frequent than during fruit scarcity, suggesting energy maximization and potential energetic constraints. We found differences in behavior within the group, as the alpha male was observed feeding more frequently (and for longer periods of time), was more aggressive (e.g., feeding trees), and received more grooming than other individuals. In addition, the alpha male was 60% heavier than the group's average body mass. Our study supports the hypothesis that body weight gain is related to fruit abundance and that body size is associated with social dominance; however, large individuals (both males and females) seem to incur in high metabolic or reproductive costs, as they do not gain much weight as smaller individuals.
Loading Lewis Acid/Base Pair on Metal Nanocluster for Catalytic Ugi Reaction
Authors: Fan Ji‐Qiang , Li Yanshuang , Wu Xu Wen , Li Man‐Bo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConstructing structurally robust and catalytically active metal nanoclusters for catalyzing multi‐component reactions is an interesting while challenging task. Inspired by Lewis acid and Lewis base catalysis, we realized the combination of both Lewis acid and Lewis base sites on the surface of a stable gold nanocluster Au35Cd2. The catalytic potential of Au35Cd2 in four‐component Ugi reaction was explored, demonstrating high activity and exceptional recyclability. In‐depth mechanism studies indicate that the catalytic synergy of the Lewis acid/base pair is crucial for the high efficiency of Au35Cd2‐catalyzed Ugi reaction. Bearing the stable structure, multiple activation sites and hierarchical chirality, Au35Cd2 is expected to display further interesting catalytic performance such as asymmetric catalysis.
Effect of silica‐loaded polydopamine‐modified graphene oxide nanocomposites on the corrosion resistance of polyester coatings
Authors: Ding Guoxin , Liu Jun , Hu Yuexiang , Cheng Guojun , Sun Chenfeng , Liu Yan , Chen Xiangxiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOn the basis of the complex environment of port terminals, the corrosion resistance of coatings for accompanying metal facilities is a primary factor that needs to be considered. This study prepared polydopamine‐modified graphene oxide loaded with silicon dioxide (PGO@SiO2) functional filler, which was incorporated into polyester resin (PR) by extrusion mixing. The PGO@SiO2/PR composite coating was obtained by electrostatic spraying and high‐temperature curing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and other results confirmed the successful preparation of the PGO@SiO2 functional filler. In addition, contact angle, adhesion, and corrosion resistance tests were performed on the composite coating. Compared with pure PR coating, the surface hydrophobicity and adhesion of the composite coating were significantly improved compared with the pure PR coating. Furthermore, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the carbon steel substrate composite coating confirmed that after immersion in salt solution, the low‐frequency impedance modulus of the composite coating could be maintained at 8.63 × 108 Ω·cm2, which was more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of the pure PR coating. Thus, PGO@SiO2 could significantly enhance the corrosion resistance of the PR coating and hinder the infiltration of corrosive media. It has broad prospects for engineering applications because of its excellent anticorrosive performance.
Scalable and low‐cost lithium acetate / polyetherimide composite dielectrics exhibiting improved energy storage properties at high temperature
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Liu Yancheng , Jia Zhiguo , Xing Yunqi , Feng Mengjia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolymer dielectrics with excellent energy storage properties are crucial for high‐power density electronic equipment in environments such as high temperatures and strong electric fields. They play a critical role in applications including hybrid electric vehicles, electromagnetic launch devices, and photovoltaic power generation. In this paper, the small molecule compound lithium acetate (LiAc), which is low cost and exhibits good thermal stability in high‐temperature environments, was selected and blended with a polyetherimide (PEI) polymer matrix at an ultra‐low loading (≤0.3 vol%). LiAc has a higher electron affinity compared to PEI, which will result in a large trap energy level (Φe). The injected and excited electrons are trapped by strong electrostatic attraction, which suppresses carrier transport, reduces conduction losses, and improves breakdown strength in high‐temperature environments. This composite dielectric exhibits better energy storage properties in high‐temperature environments. The energy density of the 0.2% by volume LiAc/PEI composite dielectric reaches 3.04 J cm−3 at 150°C, maintaining an energy storage efficiency of approximately 90%. The research presented in this paper offers a novel approach to achieving excellent energy storage properties in polymer‐based composite dielectrics operating in high‐temperature environments.
Tackling the Thorny Dilemma of Mapping Southeastern Sicily's Coastal Archaeology Beneath Dense Mediterranean Vegetation: A Drone‐Based LiDAR Approach
Authors: Calderone Dario , Lercari Nicola , Tanasi Davide , Busch Dennis , Hom Ryan , Lanteri Rosa 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAirborne laser scanning (ALS), commonly known as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), is a remote sensing technique that enables transformative archaeological research by providing high‐density 3D representations of landscapes and sites covered by vegetation whose analysis reveals hidden features and structures. ALS can detect targets under trees and grasslands, making it an ideal archaeological survey and mapping tool. ALS instruments are usually mounted on piloted aircraft. However, since the mid‐2010s, smaller laser scanners can be mounted on uncrewed aerial vehicles or drones. In this article, we examined the viability of drone‐based ALS for archaeological applications by utilizing a RIEGL VUX‐UAV22 sensor to capture point clouds with high spatial resolution at the archaeological site of Heloros in Southeastern Sicily, founded by the Greeks in the late eighth century bce. Using this laser scanner, we surveyed over 1.6 km2 of the archaeological landscape, producing datasets that outperformed noncommercial airborne ALS data for the region made available by the Italian government. We produced derivative imagery free of vegetation, which we visualized in GIS using a modified Local Relief Model technique to aid our archaeological analyses. Our findings demonstrate that drone‐based ALS can penetrate the dense Mediterranean canopy of coastal Sicily with sufficient point density to enable more efficient mapping of underlying archaeological features such as stone quarries, cart tracks, defensive towers and fortification walls. Our study proved that drone‐based ALS sensors can be easily transported to remote locations and that in‐house lab staff can safely operate them, which enables multiple on‐demand surveys and opportunistic collections to be conducted on the fly when environmental conditions are ideal. We conclude that these capabilities further increase the benefits of utilizing ALS for surveying the archaeological landscape under the Mediterranean canopy.
Clinical efficacy and safety of first‐line nilotinib or imatinib therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia—Nationwide real life data
Authors: Belohlavkova Petra , Zackova Daniela , Klamova Hana , Faber Edgar , Karas Michal , Stejskal Lukas , Cmunt Eduard , Cerna Olga , Jeziskova Ivana , Machova Polakova Katerina , Zak Pavel , Jurkova Tereza , Chrapava Marika , Mayer Jiri 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the outcomes of first‐line imatinib versus nilotinib treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase (CML‐CP) in real‐world clinical practice.MethodsA propensity score analysis was performed to eliminate imbalances between the treatment groups. In the analysis, 163 patients in the nilotinib group and 163 patients in the matched imatinib group were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsNilotinib‐treated patients achieved complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and major molecular response more rapidly than imatinib‐treated patients. However, there was no significant difference in 5‐year overall survival (OS) or progression‐free survival (PFS) between the two groups (OS: 94.3% vs. 90.5%, p = 0.602; PFS: 92.9% vs. 88.0%, p = 0.614). Nilotinib‐treated patients had a higher failure‐free survival (FFS) and event‐free survival (EFS) than imatinib‐treated patients (FFS: 71.7% vs. 54.3%, p = 0.040; EFS: 71.7% vs. 53.5%, p = 0.025).ConclusionsThis retrospective analysis from clinical practice did not confirm any benefit of frontline nilotinib treatment for OS and PFS; however, it did demonstrate higher FFS and EFS in the nilotinib cohort.