bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of an Injury Prevention Program on Landing Biomechanics Over Time
Authors: DiStefano Lindsay J. , Marshall Stephen W. , Padua Darin A. , Peck Karen Y. , Beutler Anthony I. , de la Motte Sarah J. , Frank Barnett S. , Martinez Jessica C. , Cameron Kenneth L. 
Published: January 2016

Background: Knowledge is limited regarding how long improvements in biomechanics remain after completion of a lower extremity injury prevention program. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of an injury prevention program on movement technique and peak vertical ground-reaction forces (VGRF) over time compared with a standard warm-up (SWU) program. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 1104 incoming freshmen (age range, 17-22 years) at a military academy in the United States volunteered to participate. Participants were cluster-randomized by military company to either the Dynamic Integrated Movement Enhancement (DIME) injury prevention program or SWU. A random subsample of participants completed a standardized jump-landing task at each time point: immediately before the intervention (PRE), immediately after (POST), and 2 (POST2M), 4 (POST4M), 6 (POST6M), and 8 months (POST8M) after the intervention. VGRF data collected during the jump-landing task were normalized to body weight (%BW). The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) was used to evaluate movement technique during the jump landing. The change scores (Δ) for each variable (LESS, VGRF) between the group’s average value at PRE and each time point were calculated. Separate univariate analyses of variance were performed to evaluate group differences. Results: The results showed a greater decrease in mean (±SD) VGRF in the DIME group compared with the SWU group at all retention time points: POST2M (SWU [Δ%BW], −0.13 ± 0.82; DIME, −0.62 ± 0.91; P = .001), POST4M (SWU, −0.15 ± 0.98; DIME,−0.46 ± 0.64; P = .04), POST6M (SWU, −0.04 ± 0.96; DIME, −0.53 ± 0.83; P = .004), and POST8M (SWU, 0.38 ± 0.95; DIME, −0.11 ± 0.98; P = .003), but there was not a significant improvement in the DIME group between PRE and POST8M (Δ%BW, −0.11 ± 0.98). No group differences in Δ LESS were observed. Conclusion: The study findings demonstrated that an injury prevention program performed as a warm-up can reduce vertical ground-reaction forces compared with a standard warm-up but a maintenance program is likely necessary in order for continued benefit. Clinical Relevance: Injury prevention programs may need to be performed constantly, or at least every sport season, in order for participants to maintain the protective effects against injury.
Relationship of the Duration of Ventilator Support to Successful Weaning and Other Clinical Outcomes in 437 Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Patients
Authors: Sansone Giorgio R. , Frengley J. Dermot , Vecchione John J. , Manogaram Merlin G. , Kaner Robert J. 
Published: January 2016

Objective: To investigate the relationships between durations of ventilator support and weaning outcomes of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) patients. Methods: Cohort study of 957 PMV patients sequentially admitted to a long-term acute care hospital (LTACH). The study population was 437 PMV patients who underwent weaning, having achieved ≥4 hours of sustained spontaneous breathing. They were divided into tertiles of mechanical ventilation (MV) durations and compared for differences (tertile A: 21-58 days, n = 146; tertile B: 59-103 days, n = 147; and tertile C: ≥104 days, n = 144). Results: Tertiles showed comparable weaning success rates and survival. As MV durations increased, LTACH postweaning days became progressively greater, whereas decannulations and discharge physical function diminished, and home discharges decreased while nursing facility discharges increased (all P < .001). Patients with lower physical function before critical illness or greater burdens of comorbidities were least likely to be weaned (all P < .001). Younger ages, lower comorbidity burdens, neurological diagnoses, higher admission prealbumin levels, and successful weaning, each independently reduced the risk of death (all P < .01). Conclusion: Durations of MV did not affect weaning success or survival, although deleterious effects were found in discharges, decannulations, LTACH postweaning days, and discharge physical function. Durations of MV alone should not guide transfer decisions for subsequent continuing care.
Inborn errors of metabolism detectable by tandem mass spectrometry in Egypt: The first newborn screening pilot study
Authors: Hassan Fayza A , El-Mougy Fatma , Sharaf Sahar A , Mandour Iman , Morgan Marian F , Selim Laila A , Hassan Sawsan A , Salem Fadia , Oraby Azza , Girgis Marian Y , Mahmoud Iman G , El-Badawy Amira , El-Nekhely Ibrahim , Moharam Nadia , Mehaney Dina A , Elmonem Mohamed A 
Published: January 2016

Objectives To estimate the burden of metabolic disorders detectable by tandem mass spectrometry in Egypt, through a pilot expanded newborn screening programme at Cairo University Children's Hospital in 2008, and examining the results of 3,900 clinically at-risk children, investigated at Cairo University Children’s Hospital for the same disorders over the past 7 years using the same technology. Methods Dried blood spots of 25,276 healthy newborns from three governorates in Upper, Middle, and Lower Egypt were screened, to give a representative sample of the Egyptian newborn population. Based on the pilot study outcomes and the results of clinically suspected children, we estimated the total birth prevalence of tandem mass spectrometry detectable metabolic disorders, and the relative frequency of several individual disorders. Results Among the healthy newborns, 13 metabolic disorder cases (five phenylketonuria [1:5,000], two methylmalonic acidemia, and isovaleric acidemia [1:12,500], one each of maple syrup urine disease, propionic acidemia, β-ketothiolase deficiency, and primary carnitine deficiency [1:25,000]) were confirmed, giving a total birth prevalence of 1:1944 live births. Among the clinically suspected children, 235 cases were diagnosed, representing a much wider disease spectrum. Conclusions Egypt has one of the highest reported birth prevalence rates for metabolic disorders detectable by tandem mass spectrometry. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for the survival and well-being of affected children. A nationwide NBS programme by tandem mass spectrometry is recommended.
Risk and protective factors for cats with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease
Authors: Piyarungsri Kakanang , Pusoonthornthum Rosama 
Published: January 2016

Objectives Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant disease in cats. Identifying risk and protective factors may help to prevent this significant disease. Methods An age-matched case-control study was performed to determine the risk factors in cats with naturally occurring CKD. Twenty-nine clinically normal cats aged ⩾5 years and 101 cats with naturally occurring CKD were studied. Risk factors were determined by interviewing cat owners from the Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, and veterinary hospitals in the Bangkok Metropolitan area, through questionnaires completed between June 2004 and November 2014. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed using two independent proportional test methods and logistic regression analysis with backward elimination. Results Male sex (odd ratios [OR] 2.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–8.87; P = 0.02), tap water (OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.08–11.45; P = 0.03) and an outdoor lifestyle (OR 3.77, 95% CI 1.03–17.99; P = 0.04) were associated with an increased risk for CKD. Commercial dry cat food (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.02–0.17; P = 0.00), filtered water (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.03–0.52; P = 0.01) and an indoor lifestyle (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.07–0.98; P = 0.02) were associated with a decreased risk. Logistic regression analysis using backward elimination demonstrated that cats fed commercial dry cat food (OR 0.042, 95% CI 0.01–0.17; P = 0.00) had a decreased risk for CKD compared with cats on other types of diet. Conclusions and relevance Multivariable analysis found only feeding commercial dry cat food to be significant, suggesting that commercial dry cat food may be a potential protective factor for CKD in cats.
Effectiveness and efficiency in the treatment of gambling disorder: reflections on the Dodo Bird Conjecture
Authors: Harvey Peter 
Published: January 2016

In the field of research into the treatment of problem gambling, researchers have been attempting to identify the treatment pathways that are effective in remediating gambling disorder among people seeking help. In spite of these efforts, research results remain equivocal in relation to which components of the various treatment options are effective, echoing the familiar claim that all psychotherapy treatments are effective, the Dodo Bird Conjecture. This recent tendency towards the revival of the Dodo Bird Conjecture in the field of gambling research is due to factors ranging from a continuing lack of clarity about the effective components of treatments, subjective therapist effects and the lack of validated repeated measures of outcome to assess changes in self-reported data on gambling urge: anxiety, depression and changes in the ‘gambling disorder’ diagnosis over time.
Limitations of PET/CT in the Detection of Occult N1 Metastasis in Clinical Stage I(T1-2aN0) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer for Staging Prior to Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Authors: Akthar Adil S. , Ferguson Mark K. , Koshy Matthew , Vigneswaran Wickii T. , Malik Renuka 
Published: January 2016

Purpose/Objectives: Patients receiving stereotactic body radiotherapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer are typically staged clinically with positron emission tomography–computed tomography. Currently, limited data exist for the detection of occult hilar/peribronchial (N1) disease. We hypothesize that positron emission tomography–computed tomography underestimates spread of cancer to N1 lymph nodes and that future stereotactic body radiotherapy patients may benefit from increased pathologic evaluation of N1 nodal stations in addition to N2 nodes. Materials/Methods: A retrospective study was performed of all patients with clinical stage I (T1-2aN0) non-small cell lung cancer (American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition) by positron emission tomography–computed tomography at our institution from 2003 to 2011, with subsequent surgical resection and lymph node staging. Findings on positron emission tomography–computed tomography were compared to pathologic nodal involvement to determine the negative predictive value of positron emission tomography–computed tomography for the detection of N1 nodal disease. An analysis was conducted to identify predictors of occult spread. Results: A total of 105 patients with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer were included in this study, of which 8 (7.6%) patients were found to have occult N1 metastasis on pathologic review yielding a negative predictive value for N1 disease of 92.4%. No patients had occult mediastinal nodes. The negative predictive value for positron emission tomography–computed tomography in patients with clinical stage T1 versus T2 tumors was 72 (96%) of 75 versus 25 (83%) of 30, respectively ( P = .03), and for peripheral versus central tumor location was 77 (98%) of 78 versus 20 (74%) of 27, respectively ( P = .0001). The negative predictive values for peripheral T1 and T2 tumors were 98% and 100%, respectively; while for central T1 and T2 tumors, the rates were 85% and 64%, respectively. Occult lymph node involvement was not associated with primary tumor maximum standard uptake value, histology, grade, or interval between positron emission tomography–computed tomography and surgery. Conclusion: Our results support pathologic assessment of N1 lymph nodes in patients with stage Inon-small cell lung cancer considered for stereotactic body radiotherapy, with the greatest benefit in patients with central and T2 tumors. Diagnostic evaluation with endoscopic bronchial ultrasound should be considered in the evaluation of stereotactic body radiotherapy candidates.
Progression to stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease and risk factor stratification following endovascular aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Mohammed Somala , Kougias Panagiotis , Mandviwala Taher M , Barshes Neal R , Pisimisis George T 
Published: January 2016

Background Risk of progression to various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) is unknown. This study estimates progression rates to stage 3 and 4 CKD after EVAR and identifies potential predictors for progression. Methods EVAR cases (2006–2012) were retrospectively reviewed. Freedom of progression to CKD was estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis, and predictors for progression were identified using Cox proportional hazards model. Results Two hundred and twelve consecutive patients at a single academic institution underwent EVAR for infrarenal aneurysms. Estimated freedom from progression to stage 3 CKD was 80%, 76%, and 63% at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively, and for stage 4, 97%, 96%, and 93% at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively. Stage 3 CKD predictors of progression included age (odds ratio (OR): 1.106, p = 0.001), diabetes (OR: 3.052, p = 0.04), perioperative use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (OR: 3.249, p = 0.02), and operative blood loss (OR: 1.002, p < 0.01). Stage 4 predictors included preoperative hemoglobin (OR: 0.473, p = 0.04) and baseline renal function (OR: 0.928, p = 0.001). Intraoperative contrast administration did not impact CKD development. Conclusions Progression to stage 3 CKD after EVAR occurs more frequently and at a higher rate compared with progression to stage 4. Different risk factors are associated with progression to each of those stages of CKD.
The EMBARC European Bronchiectasis Registry: protocol for an international observational study
Authors: Chalmers James D. , Aliberti Stefano , Polverino Eva , Vendrell Montserrat , Crichton Megan , Loebinger Michael , Dimakou Katerina , Clifton Ian , van der Eerden Menno , Rohde Gernot , Murris-Espin Marlene , Masefield Sarah , Gerada Eleanor , Shteinberg Michal , Ringshausen Felix , Haworth Charles , Boersma Wim , Rademacher Jessica , Hill Adam T. , Aksamit Timothy , O'Donnell Anne , Morgan Lucy , Milenkovic Branislava , Tramma Leandro , Neves Joao , Menendez Rosario , Paggiaro Perluigi , Botnaru Victor , Skrgat Sabina , Wilson Robert , Goeminne Pieter , De Soyza Anthony , Welte Tobias , Torres Antoni , Elborn J. Stuart , Blasi Francesco 
Published: January 2016

Bronchiectasis is one of the most neglected diseases in respiratory medicine. There are no approved therapies and few large-scale, representative epidemiological studies.The EMBARC (European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration) registry is a prospective, pan-European observational study of patients with bronchiectasis. The inclusion criterion is a primary clinical diagnosis of bronchiectasis consisting of: 1) a clinical history consistent with bronchiectasis; and 2) computed tomography demonstrating bronchiectasis. Core exclusion criteria are: 1) bronchiectasis due to known cystic fibrosis; 2) age <18 years; and 3) patients who are unable or unwilling to provide informed consent.The study aims to enrol 1000 patients by April 2016 across at least 20 European countries, and 10 000 patients by March 2020. Patients will undergo a comprehensive baseline assessment and will be followed up annually for up to 5 years with the goal of providing high-quality longitudinal data on outcomes, treatment patterns and quality of life. Data from the registry will be available in the form of annual reports. and will be disseminated in conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.The European Bronchiectasis Registry aims to make a major contribution to understanding the natural history of the disease, as well as guiding evidence-based decision making and facilitating large randomised controlled trials.
Don’t sell out safety: a call to preserve risk evaluation and mitigation strategies to reduce harm to patients and the public in the U.S.
Authors: Worthy Stacey L. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background
As medicines are becoming more targeted and complex in the U.S., ensuring patients’ safe use of medications with known dangerous risks is critical for public health and safety. Therefore, the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) program is more important than ever. The REMS programs mandates that manufacturers utilize tools to manage known or potential serious risks (e.g., death, severe birth defects, prolonged hospitalization) associated with certain drugs while still making these medications available to patients with unmet medical needs. Yet, recently federal policy makers have proposed legislation to force manufacturers to sell medications with known serious risks in a manner that weakens the medications’ REMS programs.

Methods
The author reviewed U.S. legislation, statutes, case law, government agency policies and guidelines, scholarly articles, and news stories published between January 1, 2004 and December 1, 2015 and provided legal and policy analysis.

Results
REMS are necessary to make medications with known severe risks available to certain patient populations for whom treatment may not be available otherwise.

Conclusion
In order to ensure that proper safety measures are preserved and medications with known risks are not diverted to parties who will not follow safety requirements, legislation should not be passed to require a forced sale of drugs subject to REMS with restricted distribution for bioequivalence testing purposes. Generic manufacturers must be held to the same REMS safety standards as brand manufacturers. Systems currently in place adequately balance risk and safety.
Type 1 diabetes genetic susceptibility and dendritic cell function: potential targets for treatment
Authors: Hotta-Iwamura Chie , Tarbell Kristin V 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results from the defective induction or maintenance of T cell tolerance against islet β cell self-antigens. Under steady-state conditions, dendritic cells with tolerogenic properties are critical for peripheral immune tolerance. Tolerogenic dendritic cells can induce T cell anergy and deletion and, in some contexts, induce or expand regulatory T cells. Dendritic cells contribute to both immunomodulatory effects and triggering of pathogenesis in type 1 diabetes. This immune equilibrium is affected by both genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes. Genome-wide association studies and disease association studies have identified &gt;50 polymorphic loci that lend susceptibility or resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In parallel, diabetes susceptibility regions known as insulin-dependent diabetes loci have been identified in the nonobese diabetic mouse, a model for human type 1 diabetes, providing a better understanding of potential immunomodulatory factors in type 1 diabetes risk. Most genetic candidates have annotated immune cell functions, but the focus has been on changes to T and B cells. However, it is likely that some of the genomic susceptibility in type 1 diabetes directly interrupts the tolerogenic potential of dendritic cells in the pathogenic context of ongoing autoimmunity. Here, we will review how gene polymorphisms associated with autoimmune diabetes may influence dendritic cell development and maturation processes that could lead to alterations in the tolerogenic function of dendritic cells. These insights into potential tolerogenic and pathogenic roles for dendritic cells have practical implications for the clinical manipulation of dendritic cells toward tolerance to prevent and treat type 1 diabetes.
Are scientific abstracts written in poetic verse an effective representation of the underlying research?
Authors: Illingworth Sam 
Published: January 2016

The central purpose of science is to explain. However, who is that explanation for, and how is this explanation communicated once it has been deduced?Scientific research is typically communicated via papers in journals, with an abstract presented as a summary of that explanation. However, in many instances they may be written in a manner which is non-communicatory to a lay reader. This study begins to investigate if poetry could be used as an alternative form of communication, by first assessing if poetic verse is an effective form of communication to other scientists. In order to assess this suitability, a survey was conducted in which two different groups of participants were asked questions based on a scientific abstract. One group of participants was given the original scientific abstract, whilst the second group was instead given a poem written about the scientific study. Quantitative analysis found that whilst a scientific audience found a poetic interpretation of a scientific abstract to be no less interesting or inspiring than the original prose, they did find it to be less accessible. However, further qualitative analysis suggested that the poem did a good job in conveying a similar meaning to that presented in the original abstract. The results of this study indicate that whilst for a scientific audience poetry should not replace the prose abstract, it could be used alongside the original format to inspire the reader to find out more about the topic. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of this approach for a general audience.
Competence-Based Matrix As Basis of Design of Programs of Professional Development and Professional Retraining of Teachers of System of Secondary Professional Education
Authors: ��������  , Danilova Tatiana , �����������  , Danilovskaya N. 
Published: January 2016

Article is devoted to research of competence-based approach to design of the contents of the programs of additional professional education focused
on pedagogical employees of system of secondary professional education. Authors made an attempt of defi nition of a competence-based fi eld as open
dynamic space of professional competences. In article theoretical and practical justifi cation of use of a competence-based matrix at design of programs
of additional professional education (professional development and professional retraining) for teachers of system of secondary professional education
is given. In article defi nitions are given: �competence-based approach�, �a competence-based fi eld�, �a competence-based matrix�. Prospects of further
research of methodical and qualimetrical aspects of application of a competence-based matrix are planned.