bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of the Denver Cyclone on regional air quality and aerosol formation in the Colorado Front Range during FRAPPÉ 2014
Authors: Vu Kennedy T. , Dingle Justin H. , Bahreini Roya , Reddy Patrick J. , Apel Eric C. , Campos Teresa L. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Diskin Glenn S. , Fried Alan , Herndon Scott C. , Hills Alan J. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Huey Greg , Kaser Lisa , Montzka Denise D. , Nowak John B. , Pusede Sally E. , Richter Dirk , Roscioli Joseph R. , Sachse Glen W. , Shertz Stephen , Stell Meghan , Tanner David , Tyndall Geoffrey S. , Walega James , Weibring Peter , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Pfister Gabriele , Flocke Frank 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. We present airborne measurements made during the 2014 Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPÉ) project to investigate the impacts of the Denver Cyclone on regional air quality in the greater Denver area. Data on trace gases, non-refractory submicron aerosol chemical constituents, and aerosol optical extinction (βext) at λ  =  632 nm were evaluated in the presence and absence of the surface mesoscale circulation in three distinct study regions of the Front Range: In-Flow, Northern Front Range, and the Denver metropolitan area. Pronounced increases in mass concentrations of organics, nitrate, and sulfate in the Northern Front Range and the Denver metropolitan area were observed during the cyclone episodes (27–28 July) compared to the non-cyclonic days (26 July, 2–3 August). Organic aerosols dominated the mass concentrations on all evaluated days, with a 45 % increase in organics on cyclone days across all three regions, while the increase during the cyclone episode was up to  ∼  80 % over the Denver metropolitan area. In the most aged air masses (NOx / NOy  <  0.5), background organic aerosols over the Denver metropolitan area increased by a factor of ∼  2.5 due to transport from Northern Front Range. Furthermore, enhanced partitioning of nitric acid to the aerosol phase was observed during the cyclone episodes, mainly due to increased abundance of gas phase ammonia. During the non-cyclone events, βext displayed strong correlations (r  =  0.71) with organic and nitrate in the Northern Front Range and only with organics (r  =  0.70) in the Denver metropolitan area, while correlation of βext during the cyclone was strongest (r  =  0.86) with nitrate over Denver. Mass extinction efficiency (MEE) values in the Denver metropolitan area were similar on cyclone and non-cyclone days despite the dominant influence of different aerosol species on βext. Our analysis showed that the meteorological patterns associated with the Denver Cyclone increased aerosol mass loadings in the Denver metropolitan area mainly by transporting aerosols and/or aerosol precursors from the northern regions, leading to impaired visibility and air quality deterioration.
Sea salt emission, transport and influence on size-segregated nitrate
simulation: a case study in northwestern Europe by WRF-Chem
Authors: Chen Ying , Cheng Yafang , Ma Nan , Wolke Ralf , Nordmann Stephan , Schüttauf Stephanie , Ran Liang , Wehner Birgit , Birmili Wolfram , van der Gon Hugo A. C. Denier , Mu Qing , Barthel Stefan , Spindler Gerald , Stieger Bastian , Müller Konrad , Zheng Guang-Jie , Pöschl Ulrich , Su Hang , Wiedensohler Alfred 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Sea salt aerosol (SSA) is one of the major components of primary aerosols and has significant impact on the formation of secondary inorganic particles mass on a global scale. In this study, the fully online coupled WRF-Chem model was utilized to evaluate the SSA emission scheme and its influence on the nitrate simulation in a case study in Europe during 10–20 September 2013. Meteorological conditions near the surface, wind pattern and thermal stratification structure were well reproduced by the model. Nonetheless, the coarse-mode (PM1 − 10) particle mass concentration was substantially overestimated due to the overestimation of SSA and nitrate. Compared to filter measurements at four EMEP stations (coastal stations: Bilthoven, Kollumerwaard and Vredepeel; inland station: Melpitz), the model overestimated SSA concentrations by a factor of 8–20. We found that this overestimation was mainly caused by overestimated SSA emissions over the North Sea during 16–20 September. Over the coastal regions, SSA was injected into the continental free troposphere through an “aloft bridge” (about 500 to 1000 m above the ground), a result of the different thermodynamic properties and planetary boundary layer (PBL) structure between continental and marine regions. The injected SSA was further transported inland and mixed downward to the surface through downdraft and PBL turbulence. This process extended the influence of SSA to a larger downwind region, leading, for example, to an overestimation of SSA at Melpitz, Germany, by a factor of  ∼  20. As a result, the nitrate partitioning fraction (ratio between particulate nitrate and the summation of particulate nitrate and gas-phase nitric acid) increased by about 20 % for the coarse-mode nitrate due to the overestimation of SSA at Melpitz. However, no significant difference in the partitioning fraction for the fine-mode nitrate was found. About 140 % overestimation of the coarse-mode nitrate resulted from the influence of SSA at Melpitz. In contrast, the overestimation of SSA inhibited the nitrate particle formation in the fine mode by about 20 % because of the increased consumption of precursor by coarse-mode nitrate formation.
The Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP): experimental protocol for CMIP6
Authors: Pincus Robert , Forster Piers M. , Stevens Bjorn 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The phrasing of the first of three questions motivating CMIP6 – “How does the Earth system respond to forcing?” – suggests that forcing is always well-known, yet the radiative forcing to which this question refers has historically been uncertain in coordinated experiments even as understanding of how best to infer radiative forcing has evolved. The Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP) endorsed by CMIP6 seeks to provide a foundation for answering the question through three related activities: (i) accurate characterization of the effective radiative forcing relative to a near-preindustrial baseline and careful diagnosis of the components of this forcing; (ii) assessment of the absolute accuracy of clear-sky radiative transfer parameterizations against reference models on the global scales relevant for climate modeling; and (iii) identification of robust model responses to tightly specified aerosol radiative forcing from 1850 to present. Complete characterization of effective radiative forcing can be accomplished with 180 years (Tier 1) of atmosphere-only simulation using a sea-surface temperature and sea ice concentration climatology derived from the host model's preindustrial control simulation. Assessment of parameterization error requires trivial amounts of computation but the development of small amounts of infrastructure: new, spectrally detailed diagnostic output requested as two snapshots at present-day and preindustrial conditions, and results from the model's radiation code applied to specified atmospheric conditions. The search for robust responses to aerosol changes relies on the CMIP6 specification of anthropogenic aerosol properties; models using this specification can contribute to RFMIP with no additional simulation, while those using a full aerosol model are requested to perform at least one and up to four 165-year coupled ocean–atmosphere simulations at Tier 1.
Land use and land cover change based on historical space–time model
Authors: Sun Qiong , Zhang Chi , Liu Min , Zhang Yongjing 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Land use and cover change is a leading edge topic in the current research field of global environmental changes and case study of typical areas is an important approach understanding global environmental changes. Taking the Qiantang River (Zhejiang, China) as an example, this study explores automatic classification of land use using remote sensing technology and analyzes historical space–time change by remote sensing monitoring. This study combines spectral angle mapping (SAM) with multi-source information and creates a convenient and efficient high-precision land use computer automatic classification method which meets the application requirements and is suitable for complex landform of the studied area. This work analyzes the histological space–time characteristics of land use and cover change in the Qiantang River basin in 2001, 2007 and 2014, in order to (i) verify the feasibility of studying land use change with remote sensing technology, (ii) accurately understand the change of land use and cover as well as historical space–time evolution trend, (iii) provide a realistic basis for the sustainable development of the Qiantang River basin and (iv) provide a strong information support and new research method for optimizing the Qiantang River land use structure and achieving optimal allocation of land resources and scientific management.
Chaucer's Feminine Pretexts: Gendered Genres in Three Frame Moments
Authors: Saraceni Madeleine L. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In the construction of his authorial persona, Chaucer sought to identify himself with genres of literature that may have been associated with female readership in the medieval cultural imagination, including vernacular devotional writing (Pseudo-Origen's De Maria Magdalena), conduct literature (the Tale of Melibee), and hagiography (the Introduction to the Man of Law's Tale). By exploiting the cultural resonances of these stereotypically women's genres, Chaucer positioned himself as a writer for an emerging bourgeois audience and distinguished his works as compassionate and socially productive.
Performance, Memory, and Oblivion in the Parson's Tale
Authors: Matsuda Takami 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This article argues that the Parson's Tale is presented as a performative instrument for self-examination, in which the proper use of memory plays a crucial part in achieving contrition and confession, the first and second stages of penitential practice that ends with satisfaction. Using the Parson's Tale as a guide, the reader is urged to reread the contents of his memory and interiorize them so that the experience of the text becomes in itself a personal penitential performance, not just the acquisition of moral knowledge. The importance of memory in this respect is particularly highlighted in the Parson's Tale's expansion of its source with regard to passages that explain memory's functions in contrition and confession. The tale prompts the reader to scrutinize his memory, remember the nature and process of sins (properly forgetting at the same time what is superfluous), and know himself as the confessing subject.
“In his old dress”: Packaging Thomas Speght's Chaucer for Renaissance Readers
Authors: Singh Devani 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This article considers how Thomas Speght's Chaucer editions (1598; 1602) conceive, invite, and influence their readership. Studying the highly wrought forms of the dedicatory epistle to Sir Robert Cecil, the prefatory letter by Francis Beaumont, and the address “To the Readers,” it argues that these paratexts warrant close attention for their treatment of the entangled relationships between editor, patron, and reader. Where prior work has suggested that Speght's audience for the editions was a socially horizontal group and that he only haltingly sought wider publication, this article suggests that the preliminaries perform a multivocal role, poised to readily receive a diffuse readership of both familiar and newer consumers.
Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Risk Factors amongst Teaching Staff of Juba University, South Sudan
Authors: Andrew Amegovu Kiri , Micheal Mawadri , James Mading 
Published: September 2016

Obesity is a significant contributing factor in the development of various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, osteoarthritis and certain cancer accounting for 2.8 million worldwide deaths annually. Recent global figures indicate that the prevalence of obesity is not just a problem of the developed countries but is also on the increase in the developing world, with over 115 million people suffering from obesity-related problems (WHO). In Africa, 8% of adults above 20 years are obese and 27% overweight (Steyn & Mchiza, 2014), Lack of empirical data remains an obstacle in monitoring the magnitude of current and future trends of overweight and obesity in sub Saharan Africa including South Sudan. This study investigated the prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors among teaching staff; a case at University of Juba in South Sudan (Rep). A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 196 study participants drawn from various Colleges and faculties of Juba University using multi-stage systematic random sampling of 1st selecting the College, department and 2nd stage was the selection of participants using the exiting staff list obtained from the University administration. Key variables collected includes weight/kg, height, age, sex, physical activities, feeding habits and income of the study participants, which was used to determine the prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors. STATA version 12 was used to data analyze. Chi-square statistics were used to compare equality of distribution of obesity. Out of the 196 participants, 18.4% were males (160/196) and 81.6% were females (36/196). The mean age of the participant was estimated at 37 ± 8.5 years. Prevalence of Obesity (BMI> or=30) and Overweight (BMI >25 to <=30) among teaching staff was 4.1% and 10.2%, respectively. Of those found overweight/or obese, 20% were females (4/20) and 80% were males (16/20). While the age specific prevalence indicates obesity is highest among 35-44yrs (50%), followed by 45-55 yrs+ (37.5%) and 12.5% among 25-34yrs age groups. Age was found to be associated with obesity (P-value=0.0337, p<0.05)).Meal frequency was noted to be twice a day. Walking is the main physical activities for both males and females (97.5%) and nearly half of the participants (44.9%) had incomes 7500 South Sudan Pounds (SSP) an equivalent of $1000. Income levels was associated with BMI levels (P-value=0.0222; p<0.05). However, low prevalence of obesity among teaching staff at the University of Juba is not yet of an immediate public health concern, however, earlier preventive and control measures is required as most of the staff leads sedentary lifestyle. This study recommends public awareness intervention on dietary intake and physical exercises among others in schools and institutions at all levels to curtail an otherwise gradual rise in obesity and overweight in the near future.
Desastres ambientais e impactos socioambientais: inundações no município de Itaóca- SP: Bacia Hidrográfica como unidade de planejamento e gestão de riscos / Environmental disasters and environmental impacts: floods in county Itaóca- SP (...)
Authors: Dickel Mara Eliana Graeff , Berríos Godoy Manuel Baldomero Rolando 
Published: September 2016

<p>A temática de desastres ambientais figura na centralidade das discussões no período da contemporaneidade. A recorrência destes eventos de ordem hidrometeorológica alerta para a necessidade de um realinhamento das linhas de pensamento, principalmente no que concerne à gestão de riscos e desastres. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo busca defender a importância da adoção de uma nova escala de análise e planejamento sobre a bacia hidrográfica, conforme delimitado na lei 12.608 de 10 de abril de 2012. Para tal, exemplificou-se a situação tomando por base o evento ocorrido no mês de janeiro de 2014, na região do Vale do Ribeira (SP) e, de forma mais expressiva, no município de Itaóca, o qual resultou em 23 óbitos, além de um impacto de ordem ambiental, estrutural e social imensurável. Reconhecemos, também, a dificuldade encontrada para a consecução deste realinhamento; no entanto, a consideramos imprescindível para esta efetiva mudança, a qual se tornou urgente e necessária. </p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Riscos. Gestão de Riscos. Bacia Hidrográfica.Vale do Ribeira</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>The environmental disasters theme figures in the centrer of the discussions in the contemporary period. The recurrence of these hydrometeorological order of events highlights the need for a realignment of lines of thought, especially with regard to risk management and disaster. In this sense, this article seeks to defend the importance of adopting a new scale of analysis and planning on the watershed, as defined in the law 12 608 of 10 April 2012. To this end, exemplified is the situation while building on the event occurred in January 2014, in the Ribeira Valley region (SP) and, more significantly, in the municipality of Itaóca, which resulted in 23 deaths, as well as an impact on environmental, structural and social immeasurable. We also recognize the difficulty in achieving this realignment; however, we consider it essential to this effective change, which has become urgent and necessary. Keywords: risk, risk management, watershed, Ribeira Valley.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Risk, Risk management, Watershed, Ribeira Valley.</p>
Rede e território: reflexões sobre a rede agroindustrial do tabaco, circuito espacial de produção e círculos de cooperação na região sul do Brasil / Network and territory: reflections on the tobacco agro-industrial network, spatial circuit (...)
Authors: Silveira Rogério Leandro Lima da 
Published: September 2016

<p>Atualmente a principal característica estrutural da atividade agroindustrial é a afirmação de uma racionalidade organizacional que simultaneamente valoriza a especialização, a articulação e a interconexão de distintos atores sociais que se localizam e operam no território desde diferentes níveis escalares. Tal compreensão permite pensar a organização e funcionamento dos complexos agroindustriais a partir do conceito de rede, e estimula também refletir sobre a dinâmica relacional entre rede e território. A reflexão aqui proposta aborda o uso do conceito de rede na compreensão analítica e metodológica, das relações existentes entre um dado complexo agroindustrial, que se organiza e funciona sob a forma de uma rede, e o território. Buscamos avançar empiricamente essa reflexão cotejando-a com a constituição e funcionamento da rede agroindustrial do tabaco na região Sul do Brasil, através da análise de seus circuitos espaciais de produção e círculos de cooperação.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Nowadays the main structural characteristic of the agro-industrial activity is the affirmation of an organizational rationality that simultaneously valorizes the specialization, the articulation and the interconnection of distinct social actors that are located and operate in the territory from different scalar levels. Such comprehension permits to think the organization and functioning of the agro-industrial complexes through the network concept, and also stimulates to reflect upon the relational dynamics between network and territory. The reflection that is proposed here approaches the use of the network concept in the analytical and methodological comprehension of the existing relations between certain agro-industrial complex, which is organized and functions under a network form, and the territory. We seek to advance empirically in this reflection, comparing it with the constitution and functioning of an agro-industrial<strong> </strong>tobacco network inSouth Brazil, through the analysis of its spatial production circuits and cooperation circuits. </p><p><strong>Key-words</strong>: Network, Territory, Agro-industrial Complex, Tobacco, South Brazil.</p><p> </p>
Análise dos impactos ambientais da Urbanização sobre os recursos hídricos na sub-bacia do Córrego Vargem Grande em Montes Claros-MG
Authors: Da Silva Renato Ferreira 
Published: September 2016

<p>O presente estudo trata do diagnóstico da influencia do crescimento urbano na área da sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Vargem Grande em Montes Claros-MG e os impactos ambientais que esse crescimento vem causando nos recursos hídricos. As analises feitas revelaram que o rápido crescimento da mancha urbana vem causando o comprometimento da quantidade e qualidade da água dessa sub-bacia através de atividades antropicas realizadas no local como: loteamentos , retirada da vegetação natural além lançamento de resíduos sólidos nos cursos d’água ou próximo deles.</p>
Does Combination Therapy With Vancomycin and Piperacillin-Tazobactam Increase the Risk of Nephrotoxicity Versus Vancomycin Alone in Pediatric Patients?
Authors: McQueen Katherine E. , Clark Dana W. 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVES: To determine if the incidence of nephrotoxicity is higher in pediatric patients treated with the combination of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam, compared to patients treated with vancomycin alone. Secondary objectives were to determine if admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), higher serum vancomycin trough concentrations (&gt;15 mg/L), or receipt of other nephrotoxic agents were related to the development of nephrotoxicity.
METHODS: This was a retrospective, single-center, cohort study of 79 patients treated with vancomycin and 106 patients treated with vancomycin and pipracillin/tazobacatam (TZP). Serum creatinine was trended to determine if patients had nephrotoxicity, which was defined as at least a 100% increase in serum creatinine or an increase of ≥0.5 mg/dL from the baseline value. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the incidence of nephrotoxicity in the vancomycin group to the combination group. Secondary objectives were evaluated by using relative risk (RR).
RESULTS: Nephrotoxicity developed in 3 of 79 patients (3.8%) in the vancomycin group and in 25 of 106 patients (23.6%) on combination therapy (p = 0.0001). In patients receiving only vancomycin, there was no statistically significant increase in nephrotoxicity for patients in the ICU (RR 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.175–19.62, p = 0.61), those with higher vancomycin troughs (RR 2.32, CI 0.226–23.86, p = 0.48), or those receiving other nephrotoxic medications (RR 2.94, CI 0.2779–31.05, p = 0.37). In the combination group, having higher serum vancomycin trough concentrations increased the risk of nephrotoxicity (RR 5.22, CI 2.407–11.306, p &lt; 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy with vancomycin and TZP is potentially more nephrotoxic than vancomycin alone. ICU admissions, high vancomycin troughs (&gt;15 mg/L), and concomitant nephrotoxic medications cannot be excluded as risk factors for the observed increase in nephrotoxicity in patients receiving vancomycin and TZP.