bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights on Flavescence dorée phytoplasma ecology in the vineyard agro‐ecosystem in southern Switzerland
Authors: Casati P. , Jermini M. , Quaglino F. , Corbani G. , Schaerer S. , Passera A. , Bianco P.A. , Rigamonti I.E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPhytoplasmas associated with Flavescence dorée (FDp) grapevine disease are quarantine pathogens controlled through mandatory measures including the prompt eradication and destruction of diseased plants, and the insecticide treatments against the insect vector, the ampelophagous leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus. In the present study, a multidisciplinary approach has been applied to investigate the FDp ecological cycle in a test vineyard agro‐ecosystem in Canton Ticino, south Switzerland. Despite the scarce population density of S. titanus, a regular trend of new infections (3.4% of the total vines) through the years was observed. The leafhopper Orientus ishidae was found as the most abundant among the captured insect species known as phytoplasma vectors (245 out of 315 specimens). The population of O. ishidae was evidenced prevalently (167 specimens) in the south‐western side of the vineyard and within the neighbouring forest constituted mainly by hazel (Corylus avellana) and willow (Salix spp.). These plant species were found infected by FDp related strains (30% of analysed trees) for the first time in this study. Interestingly, O. ishidae was found to harbour FDp related strains in high percentage (26% of the analysed pools). In addition, 16SrV phytoplasma group was detected for the first time in the insect Hyalesthes obsoletus and a FDp related strain in Thamnotettix dilutior, present in low populations within the test vineyard. Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic analyses of methionine aminopeptidase (map) gene sequences of FDp and related strains, here identified, revealed the great prevalence of the map‐type FD2 in grapevines (97%) and in O. ishidae pools (72%). Such a map‐type was found also in hazel and in T. dilutior, but not in S. titanus. Moreover, map‐types FD1 and FD3 were identified for the first time in Switzerland in several host plants and phytoplasma vectors, including grapevine (FD1), S. titanus (FD1) and O. ishidae (FD1 and FD3). Based on the data obtained in this study, it is reasonable to hypothesise that the ecological cycle of FDp could be related not exclusively to the grapevine‐specific feeding diet of S. titanus, but it could include other insect vector(s) and/or plant host(s). Further studies will be needed to prove the role of O. ishidae as vector able to transmit FDp from wild plants (e.g. hazel) to grapevine.
The effects of gestational use of antidepressants and antipsychotics on neonatal outcomes for women with severe mental illness
Authors: Frayne Jacqueline , Nguyen Thinh , Bennett Kellie , Allen Suzanna , Hauck Yvonne , Liira Helena 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundPsychotropic medication use occurs in 8% of pregnancies, with rates increasing, and often multiple medications prescribed.AimsThis study aims to determine if the use of psychotropic medication, in a cohort of women with severe mental illness, increases rates of special care nursery admission and reports differences between antidepressant and antipsychotic medication use either alone or in combination.MethodsA retrospective database analysis from a cohort with severe mental illness in pregnancy identified 268 pregnant women who were grouped according to medication type. Demographic, obstetric and neonatal variables were analysed using t‐tests, χ2, analysis of variance and logistic regression analysis for special care nursery admission.ResultsThe medication groups consisted of: women taking no psychotropic medications (n = 67); those taking antipsychotics (n = 87); those taking antidepressants (n = 55); those taking and a combination of antidepressants/antipsychotics (n = 59). Rates of special care nursery admission in women who took psychotropic medication (41.3%) were elevated compared to those who did not (26.9%) (P = 0.035), and were significantly raised when compared to the general population (P < 0.000). No significant difference occurred between the medication groups. A significant adjusted odds ratio of 2.79 (95% CI 1.286–6.049) was found for special care nursery and psychiatric admission during pregnancy but not for psychotropic medication.ConclusionRates of special care nursery admission are elevated in neonates of women with severe mental illness taking psychotropic medication, but were not different for monotherapy or polytherapy when prescribing antidepressants or antipsychotic medication. Additional vulnerability occurs in the neonates of women with a mental illness and paediatric presence at delivery is recommended.
Feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with cerebrospinal fluid shunt
Authors: Yoshihara Terukazu , Tomimaru Yoshito , Noguchi Kozo , Nagase Hirotsugu , Hamabe Atsushi , Hirota Masashi , Oshima Kazuteru , Tanida Tsukasa , Morita Shunji , Imamura Hiroshi , Iwazawa Takashi , Akagi Kenzo , Dono Keizo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionPrevious reports of laparoscopic surgery in patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts for intracranial hypertension described shunt‐related complications. Thus, the shunts have been considered a contraindication for laparoscopic procedures. However, with the implementation of recent improvements in surgical techniques, perioperative management, and shunt technology, laparoscopic surgery may now be safe in cases with shunts. The aim of the present study was to examine the safety of such procedures based on our own experiences with laparoscopic surgery in patients with CSF shunts.MethodsA total of 582 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder disease at our institute during the study period. Among these patients, four (0.7%) had a CSF shunt at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics of these four cases.ResultsTwo patients had ventriculoperitoneal shunts, and two patients had lumboperitoneal shunts. Based on the advice of consulted neurosurgeons, the shunt catheter was clamped during pneumoperitoneum in three of the four cases, and the catheter was left unclamped in the remaining case because it was judged to be occluded. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed under pneumoperitoneum pressure of 8 mmHg. All four cases experienced an uneventful postoperative course, with no shunt‐associated complications.ConclusionAnalysis of our current cases suggests the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in cases with CSF shunts.
Visualizing, interpreting and comparing detrital zircon age and Hf isotope data in basin analysis – a graphical approach
Authors: Andersen Tom , Kristoffersen Magnus , Elburg Marlina A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe development of fast and reliable instrumental methods for U‐Pb dating and Lu‐Hf isotope analysis of zircon has caused detrital zircon to become a popular provenance indicator for clastic sediments and an important tool in basin analysis. In parallel with the increasing ease of access to data, advanced methods of data interpretation have been developed. The downside of some techniques for visualization and comparison of detrital zircon distribution patterns is that the results are difficult to relate to what the zircon grains really record: The age and nature of geological processes in a protosource terrane. Some simple methods of data presentation and inter‐sample comparison that preserve a direct and intuitively understandable relationship between the data and the age of zircon‐forming processes in the protosource are proposed here: Comparison of confidence intervals around empirical, cumulative distribution curves combined with the use of a plot of upper vs. lower quartile values of cumulative zircon U‐Pb age or Lu‐Hf model age distributions. This approach allows a robust and transparent separation to be made between samples whose detrital zircon distributions are indistinguishable from each other, and those that are more or less similar. Furthermore, it allows simple comparison between detrital zircon distributions and the geological age record of potential protosource terranes, or the detrital zircon distributions of possible sedimentary precursors.
Design and development of some thiazole‐based flavanoids as novel antibacterial against pathogens causing surgical site infection for possible benefit in bone trauma via inhibition of DNA gyrase
Authors: Zhao Gang , Lan Dengzhe , Qi Guobao 
Published: April 2017

In this study, a novel class of hybrid thiazole‐based flavanoid derivatives were synthesized and characterized by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, mass and elemental analysis. These derivatives were evaluated for antibacterial activity for possible benefit in bone trauma via inhibition of DNA gyrase enzyme. Results suggested that compounds 9n, 9o, and 9p showed considerable inhibition of DNA gyrase with considerable activity against tested forty strains of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Moreover, compound 9n showed hydrogen bonding with LYS460 along with low binding free energy of −4.36 kcal/mol against DNA gyrase enzyme. The hemolytic activity of the potent compounds showed mild to no activity together with excellent pharmacokinetics, suggesting to have a potential for the development of designed compounds as novel antibacterial agents.
Developmental pathways in infants from 4 to 24 months
Authors: Valla L. , Birkeland M. S. , Hofoss D. , Slinning K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere has been limited epidemiological research describing population‐based samples regarding developmental pathways throughout infancy, and the research that exists has revealed substantial diversity. Identifying predictors for developmental pathways can inform early intervention services.MethodsThe Ages and Stages Questionnaire was used to measure communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem‐solving and personal–social skills longitudinally in a large, population‐based sample of 1555 infants recruited from well‐baby clinics in five municipalities in southeast Norway. We conducted latent class analyses to identify common pathways within the five developmental areas.ResultsOur results indicated that most classes of infants showed generally positive and stable normative developmental pathways. However, for communication and gross motor areas, more heterogeneity was found. For gross motor development, a class of 10% followed a U‐shaped curve. A class of 8% had a declining communication pathway and did not reach the level of the high stable communication class at 24 months. Low gestational age, low Apgar score, male sex, maternal depression symptoms, non‐Scandinavian maternal ethnicity and high maternal education significantly predict less beneficial communication pathways.ConclusionThe results suggest that infants with low gestational age, low Apgar score, male sex and a mother with depression symptoms or non‐Scandinavian ethnicity may be at risk of developing less beneficial developmental pathways, especially within the communication area. Targeting these infants for surveillance and support might be protective against delayed development in several areas during a critical window of development.
Associations of B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and anti-BAFF autoantibodies with disease activity in multi-ethnic Asian systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Singapore
Authors: Howe H S , Thong B Y H , Kong K O , Chng H H , Lian T Y , Chia F L , Tay K S S , Lau T C , Law W G , Koh E T , Leung B P 
Published: April 2017

Summary
To measure the levels of B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and endogenous anti-BAFF autoantibodies in a cohort of multi-ethnic Asian systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in Singapore, to determine their correlation with disease activity. Serum samples from 121 SLE patients and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were assayed for BAFF and anti-BAFF immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The lowest reliable detection limit for anti-BAFF-IgG antibody levels was defined as 2 standard deviations (s.d.) from blank. Correlation of serum BAFF and anti-BAFF IgG levels with disease activity [scored by SLE Activity Measure revised (SLAM-R)], and disease manifestations were determined in these 121 patients. SLE patients had elevated BAFF levels compared to controls; mean 820 ± 40 pg/ml and 152 pg ± 45/ml, respectively [mean ± standard error of the mean (s.e.m.), P &lt; 0·01], which were correlated positively with anti-dsDNA antibody levels (r = 0·253, P &lt; 0·03), and SLAM-R scores (r = 0·627, P &lt; 0·01). In addition, SLE patients had significantly higher levels of anti-BAFF IgG, which were correlated negatively with disease activity (r = –0·436, P &lt; 0·01), levels of anti-dsDNA antibody (r = –0·347, P &lt; 0·02) and BAFF (r = –0·459, P &lt; 0·01). The majority of patients in this multi-ethnic Asian SLE cohort had elevated levels of BAFF and anti-BAFF antibodies. Anti-BAFF autoantibody levels correlated negatively with clinical disease activity, anti-dsDNA and BAFF levels, suggesting that they may be disease-modifying. Our results provide further information about the complexity of BAFF pathophysiology in different SLE disease populations and phenotypes, and suggest that studies of the influence of anti-cytokine antibodies in different SLE populations will be required when selecting patients for trials using targeted anti-cytokine therapies.
Nickel allergy in a Danish population 25 years after the first nickel regulation
Authors: Ahlström Malin G. , Menné Torkil , Thyssen Jacob P. , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundNickel in metallic items has been regulated in Denmark since 1990; however, 10% of young Danish women are still sensitized to nickel. There is a need for continuous surveillance of the effect of regulation.ObjectivesTo identify current self‐reported metallic exposures leading to dermatitis in nickel‐allergic patients, and the minimum contact time needed for dermatitis to occur.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to all patients who reacted positively to nickel sulfate 5% pet. within the last 5 years at the Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Gentofte Hospital.ResultsThe response rate was 63.2%. Earrings were the foremost cause of dermatitis after the EU Nickel Directive had been implemented, followed by other jewellery, buttons on clothing, belt buckles, and wrist watches. Dermatitis reactions within 10 min of contact were reported by 21.4% of patients, and dermatitis reactions within 30 min of contact were reported by 30.7% of patients.ConclusionsNickel exposures that led to the implementation of a nickel regulation seem to persist. The durations of contact with metallic items to fall under the current REACH regulation of nickel correspond well with the results of this study.
Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland consensus exercise on surgical management of fistulating perianal Crohn's disease
Authors: Lee M. J. , Heywood N. , Sagar P. M. , Brown S. R. , Fearnhead N. S. ,   the ACPGBI Perianal Crohn's Disease Group
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimManagement of fistulating perianal Crohn's disease (fpCD) is a significant challenge for a colorectal surgeon. A recent survey of surgical practice in this condition showed variation in management approaches. As a result we set out to devise recommendations for practice for UK colorectal surgeons.MethodResults from a national survey were used to devise a set of potential consensus statements. Consultant colorectal surgeons were invited to participate in the exercise via the previous survey and the mailing list of the professional society. Iterative voting was performed on each statement using a five‐point Likert scale and electronic voting, with opportunity for discussion and refinement between each vote. Consensus was defined as > 80% agreement.ResultsSeventeen surgeons and two patient representatives voted upon 51 statements. Consensus was achieved on 39 items. Participants advocated a patient‐centred approach by a colorectal specialist, within strong multidisciplinary teamworking. The use of anti‐TNFα therapy is advocated. Where definitive surgical techniques are considered they should be carefully selected to avoid adverse impact on function. Ano/rectovaginal fistulas should be managed by specialists in fistulating disease. Stoma or proctectomy could be discussed earlier in a patient's treatment pathway to improve choice, as they may improve quality of life.ConclusionThis consensus provides principles and guidance for best practice in managing patients with fpCD.
The explosive combination of religious decentralization and autocracy
Authors: Auriol Emmanuelle , Platteau Jean‐Philippe 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe relationship between religion and politics is explored from a theoretical standpoint. Religious clerics can be seduced by an autocrat and political stability is at stake. The autocrat's decisions consist of two measures both capable of antagonizing religious clerics: adopting secular reforms and unduly appropriating part of the national wealth, which generally are complements. Compared to centralized religions, decentralized religions, such as Islam, tend to discourage secular reforms and corruption but those effects are not guaranteed if the autocrat accepts political instability. The main hypotheses and the central results of the theory are illustrated with regime case studies that refer to contemporary times.
Extratemporal resections in pediatric epilepsy surgery—an overview
Authors: Blount Jeffrey P. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryDespite optimized medical treatment, approximately one third of all patients with epilepsy continue to have seizures and by definition have medically resistant epilepsy (MRE). For these patients, surgical disruption of the epileptogenic network may enable freedom or great improvement in control of their seizures. The success of surgery is dependent on accurate localization of the epileptogenic zone and network. Epilepsy arising from regions of cortical dysplasia within the neocortex of the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes show a propensity for reorganization and progressive decline in seizure freedom and consequent poorer surgical outcome. These procedures often require staged investigation with intracranial electrodes via subdural grids or stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) and are considered extratemporal resections (ETRs). Central concepts include the following: (1) localization of epileptogenic and eloquent functional regions, (2) safe and effective placement of intracranial electrode arrays, (3) resection of epileptogenic cortex, and (4) avoidance of complications. Each of these concepts is summarized and developed in this summary paper.
Insular epilepsy surgery
Authors: Laoprasert Pramote , Ojemann Jeffrey G. , Handler Michael H. 
Published: April 2017

SummarySince it was originally described nearly 70 years ago, insular epilepsy has been increasingly recognized and may explain failures after apparently well‐planned operations. We review the history of awareness of the phenomenon, techniques for its assessment, and its surgical management. Insular epilepsy can mimic features of frontal, parietal, or temporal seizures. It should be considered when a combination of somatosensory, visceral, and motor symptoms is observed early in a seizure. Extraoperative intracranial recordings are required to accurately diagnose insular seizures. Stereo–electroencephalography (EEG) or craniotomy with implantation of surface and depth electrodes have been used successfully to identify insular onset of seizures. Surgical resection of an insular focus may be performed with good success and acceptable risk.
Stereo‐EEG–guided radiofrequency thermocoagulations
Authors: Cossu Massimo , Cardinale Francesco , Casaceli Giuseppe , Castana Laura , Consales Alessandro , D'Orio Piergiorgio , Lo Russo Giorgio 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe rationale and the surgical technique of stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG)–guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF‐TC) in the epileptogenic zone (EZ) of patients with difficult‐to‐treat focal epilepsy are described in this article. The application of the technique in pediatric patients is also detailed. Stereotactic ablative procedures by RF‐TC have been employed in the treatment of epilepsy since the middle of the last century. This treatment option has gained new popularity in recent decades, mainly because of the availability of modern imaging techniques, which allow accurate targeting of intracerebral epileptogenic structures. SEEG is a powerful tool for identifying the EZ in the most challenging cases of focal epilepsy by recording electrical activity with tailored stereotactic implantation of multilead intracerebral electrodes. The same recording electrodes may be used to place thermocoagulative lesions in the EZ, following the indications provided by intracerebral monitoring. The technical details of SEEG implantation and of SEEG‐guided RF‐TC are described herein, with special attention to the employment of the procedure in pediatric cases. SEEG‐guided RF‐TC offers a potential therapeutic option based on robust electroclinical evidence with acceptable risks and costs. The procedure may be performed in patients who, according to SEEG recording, are not eligible for resective surgery, and it may be an alternative to resective surgery in a small subset of operable patients.
Pinus taeda forest growth predictions in the 21st century vary with site mean annual temperature and site quality
Authors: Gonzalez‐Benecke Carlos A. , Teskey Robert O. , Dinon‐Aldridge Heather , Martin Timothy A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractClimate projections from 20 downscaled global climate models (GCMs) were used with the 3‐PG model to predict the future productivity and water use of planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) growing across the southeastern United States. Predictions were made using Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5. These represent scenarios in which total radiative forcing stabilizes before 2100 (RCP 4.5) or continues increasing throughout the century (RCP 8.5). Thirty‐six sites evenly distributed across the native range of the species were used in the analysis. These sites represent a range in current mean annual temperature (14.9–21.6°C) and precipitation (1,120–1,680 mm/year). The site index of each site, which is a measure of growth potential, was varied to represent different levels of management. The 3‐PG model predicted that aboveground biomass growth and net primary productivity will increase by 10%–40% in many parts of the region in the future. At cooler sites, the relative growth increase was greater than at warmer sites. By running the model with the baseline [CO2] or the anticipated elevated [CO2], the effect of CO2 on growth was separated from that of other climate factors. The growth increase at warmer sites was due almost entirely to elevated [CO2]. The growth increase at cooler sites was due to a combination of elevated [CO2] and increased air temperature. Low site index stands had a greater relative increase in growth under the climate change scenarios than those with a high site index. Water use increased in proportion to increases in leaf area and productivity but precipitation was still adequate, based on the downscaled GCM climate projections. We conclude that an increase in productivity can be expected for a large majority of the planted loblolly pine stands in the southeastern United States during this century.