bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helping Raise the Official Statistics Capability of Government Employees
Authors: Forbes Sharleen , Keegan Alan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Both the production and the use of official statistics are important in the business of government. In New Zealand, concern persists about many government advisors’ low level of statistical capability. One programme designed specifically to enhance capability is New Zealand’s National Certificate of Official Statistics, first introduced in 2007 and originally targeted at government policy analysts and advisors. It now includes participants from many agencies, including the National Statistics Office. The competency-based 40-credit certificate comprises four taught units that aim to give students skills in basic official statistics and in critically evaluating statistical, research, policy, or media publications for their quality (of data, survey design, analysis, and conclusions) and appropriateness for some policy issue (e.g., how to reduce problem gambling), together with an ‘umbrella’ workplace-based statistics project. Case studies are used to embed the statistics learning into the real-world context of these students. Several surveys of students and their managers were undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the certificate in terms of enhancing skill levels and meeting organisational needs and also to examine barriers to completion of the certificate. The results were used to both modify the programme and extend its international applicability.
Statistical Capacity Building of Official Statisticians in Practice: Case of the Consumer Price Index
Authors: Deutsch Tomi 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article focuses on the issue of statistical capacity building of official statisticians using the case of the consumer price index (CPI) as an illustrative example. Although used for indexation of salaries, pensions, and social welfare benefits, but also as an approximation of the general inflation rate, there are several unresolved methodological issues associated with CPI’s calculation. Apart from the choice among two alternative concepts, the challenge of how to include owner-occupied housing (OOH) in CPI has also not been adequately resolved yet. Analysis in the article is based on Slovenian data. The results show that accuracy of the CPI significantly improves if it is calculated using one of the superlative and symmetric formulas, and that it makes sense to include OOH in CPI using the total acquisitions approach. The analysis further indicates that the choice of the index formula for calculating CPI has a much greater impact on the CPI value than inclusion of OOH. Academic research findings such as these should not remain unknown to the wide professional community of official statisticians. Formal channels for knowledge transfer from academia to official statistics providers should be established to facilitate continuous statistical capacity building of official statisticians.
From Quality to Information Quality in Official Statistics
Authors: Kenett Ron S. , Shmueli Galit 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The term quality of statistical data, developed and used in official statistics and international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), refers to the usefulness of summary statistics generated by producers of official statistics. Similarly, in the context of survey quality, official agencies such as Eurostat, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES), and Statistics Canada have created dimensions for evaluating the quality of a survey and its ability to report ‘accurate survey data’.
The concept of Information Quality, or InfoQ provides a general framework applicable to data analysis in a broader sense than summary statistics: InfoQ is defined as “the potential of a data set to achieve a specific (scientific or practical) goal by using a given empirical analysis method.” It relies on identifying and examining the relationships between four components: the analysis goal, the data, the data analysis, and the utility. The InfoQ framework relies on deconstructing the InfoQ concept into eight dimensions used for InfoQ assessment.
In this article, we compare and contrast the InfoQ framework and dimensions with those typically used by statistical agencies. We discuss how the InfoQ approach can support the use of official statistics not only by governments for policy decision making, but also by other stakeholders, such as industry, by integrating official and organizational data.
The Use of Official Statistics in Self-Selection Bias Modeling
Authors: Dalla Valle Luciana 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Official statistics are a fundamental source of publicly available information that periodically provides a great amount of data on all major areas of citizens’ lives, such as economics, social development, education, and the environment. However, these extraordinary sources of information are often neglected, especially by business and industrial statisticians. In particular, data collected from small businesses, like small and medium-sized enterprizes (SMEs), are rarely integrated with official statistics data.
In official statistics data integration, the quality of data is essential to guarantee reliable results. Considering the analysis of surveys on SMEs, one of the most common issues related to data quality is the high proportion of nonresponses that leads to self-selection bias.
This work illustrates a flexible methodology to deal with self-selection bias, based on the generalization of Heckman’s two-step method with the introduction of copulas. This approach allows us to assume different distributions for the marginals and to express various dependence structures. The methodology is illustrated through a real data application, where the parameters are estimated according to the Bayesian approach and official statistics data are incorporated into the model via informative priors.
The BRIC Nations and the Anatomy of Economic Development: The Core Tenets of Rule of Law
Authors: Ramanujam Nandini , Caivano Nicholas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed a revival in interest in the relationship between rule of law and economic development. Disenchantment with the universal model that emerged from the Washington Consensus era led to a shift in focus to a more pluralist approach in which policy prescriptions became tailored to each country’s socio-political context. The authors suggest that the pendulum may have swung to the other extreme, and that the newly ascendant pluralist approach may overemphasize pluralism at the expense of core rule of law principles. This paper examines the rule of law building efforts pursued by the BRIC countries to shed light on their strikingly different processes of economic transition. The authors argue that formal, informal, and transitional institutions have played distinct roles in these divergent economic development narratives. While informal and transitional institutions have facilitated growth during initial and intermediate phases of development, a degree of formalization across some institutions is critical to support the long-term development of a market economy. The authors set out the core tenets approach, an exploratory concept that emphasizes a malleable set of fundamental rule of law principles which exist alongside transition institutions to build trust in formal institutions as an economy advances.
Retrospective Analysis of the Bluetongue Outbreak in Serbia
Authors: Djurić Spomenka , Simeunović Predrag , Mirilović Milorad , Stevanović Jevrosima , Glavinić Uroš , Vejnović Branislav , Stanimirović Zoran 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBluetongue, a vector-born disease caused by the Bluetongue virus (BTV) and transmitted by Culicoides biting midges, is considered to be one of the most important diseases of domestic ruminants. The first outbreak of bluetongue in Serbia was reported in 2001, when BTV serotype 9 was identified in sampled materials. In 2014, outbreak of BTV-4 in Serbia caused considerable economic losses affecting sheep, cattle and goats. During this outbreak, BTV-4 was recorded in 644 outbreaks within 49 municipalities, part of 17 administrative regions. From the total number of sheep kept in areas affected by bluetongue (n=1 748 110), 2 083 cases (0.2%) were proven to be BTV-4 infected. Total of 206 infected cattle and 24 infected goats were reported during this investigation period, which represents 0.06% and 0.03% of the total number of cattle and goats kept in affected areas, respectively. The highest incidence of infected sheep, cattle and goats was recorded on the territory covered by veterinary institute of Nis. Recorded lethality in cattle, sheep and goats was 18.45% (n=38), 48.10% (n=1002) and 54.17% (n=13), respectively. The peak of the outbreak was in September and October when 94.43% of the confirmed positive cases, regardless of the species, was recorded. Monitoring of bluetongue disease in Serbia relies on active surveillance programmes aimed at: (i) identification and tracing of susceptible and potentially infected animals and (ii) detection, distribution and prevalence of insect vectors. Vaccination of sheep is planned to be implemented as a control measure against bluetongue in Serbia.
Between Fact and Fiction: Semantic fields and Image Content in Crime Infotainment programs
Authors: Ferré Gaëlle 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCrime infotainment is a hybrid type of television program in which each episode is based on a real criminal case and presented to the audience under the form of a reconstructed narrative. Research has shown that although violent crime is ubiquitous in other types of media, leading to an over-representation of violent content, crime infotainment is the most fear-inducing type of media as compared with newspaper coverage and television crime drama. This leads people to believe their lives are at risk and they consequently support cultural conservative politics of anti-crime measures which are excessive considering the risk. It is therefore important to understand how crime infotainment content is built to induce fear. Adopting the framework of Ideological Discourse Analysis developed by van Dijk (
Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorhism C3435T in the ABCB1 Gene with Opioid Sensitivity in Treatment of Postoperative Pain
Authors: Dzambazovska-Trajkovska Vanja , Nojkov Jordan , Kartalov Andrijan , Kuzmanovska Biljana , Spiroska Tatjana , Seljmani Redzep , Trajkovski Gjorgji , Matevska-Geshkovska Nadica , Dimovski Aleksandar 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background: The minimal effective analgesic concentration of opioids required for satisfactory analgesia may differ significantly among the patients. Genetic factors may contribute to the variable response to opioids by affecting their pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics.

Methods: Ninety nine patients undergoing abdominal surgery with colorectal anastomosis because of colorectal carcinoma were enrolled in the present study. C34535T was genotyped in all subjects and the patients were divided into three groups according to their genotype: CC-wild type homozygous, CT-mutant heterozygous and TT-mutant homozygous. Intravenous fentanyl, patient controlled analgesia was provided postoperatively for pain control in the first 24 hour after surgery. Opioid consumption, pain scores and the adverse side effects were evaluated.

Results: Our main result is that the patients in the CC genotype group consumed significantly more fentanyl (375.0 μg ± 43.1) than the patients in the TT group (295.0 μg ± 49.1) and the CT (356.4 μg ± 41.8) group in the treatment of postoperative pain. The patients in the TT group had lower VAS scores at 6h, 12h, 18 h and 24h postoperatively. There were no significant differences in the side effects among the three groups regarding the vomiting and the sedation score. The patients in the TT group had more frequently nausea score 1, than the patients in the other two groups.

Conclusion: Our study indicates that the C3435T SNPs of the ABCB1 gene is associated with differences in the opioid sensitivity. The ABCB1 polymorphism may serve as an important genetic predictor to guide the acute pain therapy in postoperative patients.
Molecular Biology and Genetic Mechanisms in the Progression of the Malignant Skin Melanoma
Authors: Pejkova Sofija , Dzokic Gjorgje , Tudzarova-Gjorgova Smilja , Panov Sasho 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMalignant skin melanoma is a tumor deriving from transformed skin melanocytes as a result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. This melanoma has a potential to metastasize early and very often it is resistant to the existing modalities of the systemic therapy. As in any other neoplasms, certain types of melanoma may skip certain stages of progression.The progression from one stage to another is accompanied by specific biological changes. Several key changes in the melanoma tumorogenesis influence the regulation of the cell proliferation and vitality, including the RAS-RAF-ERK, PI3K-AKT, and p16INK4/CDK4/RB pathways. A key role in the dissreguarity of the RAS-RAF-ERK (MAPK) pathway in the malignant melanoma development have been demonstrated by many studies. To date, the molecular genetic alterations during melanoma development have been partially known. In the pathogenesis of the malignant melanoma, there are mutations of various genes such as NRAS, BRAF, and PTEN and mutations and deletions of CDKN2A.In the past years, great advance has been made in the insights of the molecular aspects of the melanoma pathogenesis. However, this field yet poses a challenge to discover new details about the melanoma molecular characteristics. The research results are focused towards the improvement of the melanoma patients prognosis by introducing personalized targeted therapy.
Umweltgerechtigkeit und gesundheitsfördernde Stadtentwicklung
Authors: Böhme Christa , Bunge Christiane 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung:
In Deutschland konzentrieren sich umweltbedingte Gesundheitsrisiken häufig in sozial benachteiligten Stadtquartieren. Auf Bundes-, Landes- und kommunaler Ebene gewinnt das Thema Umweltgerechtigkeit zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit. Das Deutsche Institut für Urbanistik (Difu) hat Empfehlungen zur integrierten Betrachtung von Umwelt, Gesundheit und Sozialem im kommunalen Handeln abgeleitet. Deren Umsetzung kann einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Entwicklung gesundheitsfördernder Städte leisten.
Partizipation stärkt integrierte kommunale Strategien für Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Bär Gesine , Schaefer Ina 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Die gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit im Praxisfeld der Gesundheitsförderung ist gleichermaßen zentrales Ziel wie stetige Herausforderung. In kommunalen Settings gelten integrierte Konzepte und Vernetzung sowie Partizipation als wichtige Qualitätskriterien bei der Zielerreichung. Es wird argumentiert, dass bei den unterschiedlichen Herangehensweisen der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung v.a. moderierende Verfahren die besten Voraussetzungen für die genannten Qualitätskriterien bieten.
Mobility and health: European cities networking for sustainable mobility and healthier cities
Authors: Boschetti Florinda 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is a primary risk factor of non–communicable diseases in Western Countries causing major health problems for individuals and great economic costs for the society as a whole. Getting more active can be easily achieved by introducing active travel into everyday life. Unattractive built environments, poor connections and car-dominated spaces are too often discouraging people from being more active. However, we are witnessing the rise of a new urban mobility culture in cities.
Making the better choice easy – Examples of how to manage mobility in commuting
Authors: Tommola Marja 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Approximately 11% from of Finland’s carbon dioxide emissions traffic emissions comes from private cars. Half of the rides ranging from 1 to 3 km are driven by car. At the same time the health of working adults is at risk due to the lack of exercise. Millions of people commute every day. Workplaces have a significant role to play in making people move healthier and more sustainable ways.
Potenziale der räumlichen Epidemiologie in der Metropole Ruhr
Authors: Orban Ester , Sutcliffe Robynne , Ahmed Salman , Moebus Susanne 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Urbane Ballungsgebiete wie die Metropole Ruhr beinhalten Chancen und Risiken für die Gesundheit. Die Erforschung der komplexen Zusammenhänge von Stadt und Gesundheit erfordert interdisziplinäre Ansätze. Die räumliche Epidemiologie verbindet Ansätze und Methoden unter anderem aus Public Health, Statistik und Geografie. Beispiele geografisch-epidemiologischer Methoden zur Darstellung und (räumlichen) Analyse von Gesundheits-, Sozial- und Umweltfaktoren werden skizziert.
Quartiersbezogene Gesundheitsförderung – Erkenntnisse aus der Evaluation
Authors: Süß Waldemar 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Quartiersbezogene Gesundheitsförderung ist Bestandteil der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung. Sie gehört zum Typus der komplexen Interventionen und ist kontextabhängig. Das führt zu komplexen schwierigen Evaluationsaufgaben unter Anwendung vielfältiger Methoden. Das Hamburger Präventionsprogramm „Lenzgesund“ in einem benachteiligten Quartier ist ein Beispiel für einen integrierten Handlungsansatz. In der Begleitforschung wurde ein Evaluationsinstrumentarium mit der Bezeichnung „Kapazitätsentwicklung im Quartier (KEQ)“ entwickelt, dass die Möglichkeit bietet, die gesamten Programmprozesse zu evaluieren. Methodische Schwierigkeiten bleiben aber nach wie vor.
Effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on aqueous organisms and its treatment problem: a review
Authors: Nazari Emad , Suja Fatihah 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNatural estrogens, estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are discharged consistently and directly into surface waters with wastewater treatment plants (WWPTs) effluents, disposal sludges and in storm-water runoff. The most common and highest potential natural estrogen that causes estrogen activity in wastewater influent is E2. This review describes and attempts to summarize the main problems involved in the removal of E2 from WWTP by traditional processes, which fundamentally rely on activated sludge and provide an insufficient treatment for E2, as well as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that are applied in tertiary section treatment works. Biological processes affect and play an important role in the degradation of E2. However, some investigations have reported that operations that rely on high retention times have low efficiencies. Although advanced treatment technologies are available, their cost and operational considerations do not make them sustainable solutions. Therefore, E2 is still being released into aqueous areas, as shown in this study that investigates results from different countries. E2 is present on the watch list of substances in the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union since 2013 and the minimum acceptable concentration of it is 0.4 ng/L.
About acquiring and processing light transport matrices for transparent object inspection
Authors: Meyer Johannes , Längle Thomas , Beyerer Jürgen 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Transparent materials are employed for creating different kinds of products and have to meet high quality
requirements. First of all, transparent materials have to be free from scattering defects, e.g., enclosed air
bubbles. Visual inspection systems based on dark field setups are principally capable of imaging these kinds of defects,
however, it usually requires much effort to adapt them to the test object on hand. This article shows how light transport
matrices can be calculated for an optical system consisting of a programmable area light source and a telecentric
camera. Two features are proposed that can be extracted out of these matrices and that allow to image scattering defects
present in a transparent object without the need of adapting the system to the actual test object. The results of
synthetic experiments obtained using a physically based and adequately extended rendering framework approved the proposed
approach and showed that it even outperforms classical inspection systems in some situations.
Warum die Mathematik keine ontologische Grundlegung braucht
Authors: Friederich Simon 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEiner weit verbreiteten Auffassung zufolge ist es eine zentrale Aufgabe der Philosophie der Mathematik, eine ontologische Grundlegung der Mathematik zu formulieren: eine philosophische Theorie darüber, ob mathematische Sätze wirklich wahr sind und ob mathematischen Gegenstände wirklich existieren. Der vorliegende Text entwickelt eine Sichtweise, der zufolge diese Auffassung auf einem Missverständnis beruht. Hierzu wird zunächst der Grundgedanke der Hilbert’schen axiomatischen Methode vorgestellt, die Axiome als implizite Definitionen der in ihnen enthaltenen Begriffe zu behandeln. Anschließend wird in Anlehnung an einen Wittgenstein’schen Gedanken zur normativen Rolle mathematischer Sprache argumentiert, dass im Kontext der Hilbert’schen Axiomatik mathematische Sätze als Standards für die Verwendung der in ihnen enthaltenen Begriffe dienen und dass dies die Idee einer ontologischen Grundlegung für die Mathematik untergräbt.
Wittgenstein über vollständige Induktion
Authors: Ramharter Esther 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn seiner mittleren Phase, insbesondere in Philosophischen Bemerkungen und Philosophische Grammatik, widmet Wittgenstein längere Passagen der vollständigen Induktion. Nach einer groben Skizze (1) einiger grundsätzlicher Einstellungen und Erwägungen Wittgensteins wird im vorliegenden Beitrag zunächst (2) versucht, seine Kommentare aus jener Perspektive, die Mathematiker auf die Induktion und die Arithmetik haben, einzuordnen und möglichst kompatibel damit zu interpretieren. Nach einem kurzen Einschub (3) zur Bedeutung des Mathematikers Albert Thoralf Skolem für Wittgenstein, soll (4) herausgearbeitet werden, inwiefern Wittgenstein zur Induktion eine eigene, von der üblichen abweichende Auffassung vertritt. In diesem vierten Abschnitt wird versucht, Induktion und Arithmetik aus der Perspektive Wittgensteins zu beschreiben. Dabei wird sich zeigen, dass sich eine Robinson-Arithmetik als formale Entsprechung für Wittgensteins Standpunkt anbietet. Daran schließt (5) eine Erörterung der Frage an, inwiefern er daher eine revisionistische Position vertritt.
Architectural Grammars and Their Changes
Authors: Vossenkuhl Wilhelm 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWittgenstein believed in the resemblance of language and architecture. His idea turns out to be indeed rewarding. The descriptive notion of ‘grammar’ as exposed in his Philosophical Investigations is prolific in a detailed comparison between language and architecture. The essay proposes self-expression as being an end in itself in language use and architecture respectively and uses it as a common denominator in the comparative study. Wittgenstein’s notions of rule-following and grammar turn out to be applicable to a number of outstanding architectural examples from Renaissance till nowadays. It even offers a clue to both the change of linguistic meaning and of architectural styles over the discussed time span.