bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐situ incubation of iron‐sulfur mineral reveals a diverse chemolithoautotrophic community and a new biogeochemical role for Thiomicrospira
Authors: Barco Roman A. , Hoffman Colleen L. , Ramírez Gustavo A. , Toner Brandy M. , Edwards Katrina J. , Sylvan Jason B. 
Published: January 2017

SummarySulfide mineral precipitation occurs at mid‐ocean ridge (MOR) spreading centers, both in the form of plume particles and seafloor massive sulfide structures. A common constituent of MOR is the iron‐bearing sulfide mineral pyrrhotite, which was chosen as a substrate for in‐situ incubation studies in shallow waters of Catalina Island, CA to investigate the colonization of iron‐oxidizing bacteria. Microbial community datasets were obtained from in‐situ incubated pyrrhotite, allowing for direct comparison to microbial communities of iron‐sulfides from active and inactive chimneys in deep‐sea environments. Unclassified Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria (Magnetovibrio) largely dominated the bacterial community on pyrrhotite samples incubated in the water column while samples incubated at the surface sediment showed more even dominance by Deltaproteobacteria (Desulfobulbus), Gammaproteobacteria (Piscirickettsiaceae), Alphaproteobacteria (Rhodobacteraceae), and Bacteroidetes (Flavobacteriia). Cultivations that originated from pyrrhotite samples resulted in the enrichment of both, sheath‐forming and stalk‐forming Zetaproteobacteria. Additionally, a putative novel species of Thiomicrospira was isolated and shown to grow autotrophically with iron, indicating a new biogeochemical role for this ubiquitous microorganism.
Competence in the use of supraglottic airways by Australian surf lifesavers for cardiac arrest ventilation in a manikin
Authors: Holbery‐Morgan Lachlan , Angel Cara , Murphy Michelle , Carew James , Douglas Finn , Murphy Robert , Hood Natalie , Rechtman Andrew , Scarff Christopher , Simpson Nicholas , Stewardson Andrew , Steinfort Daniel , Radford Sam , Douglas Ned , Johnson Douglas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesLifesavers in Australia are taught to use pocket mask (PM) rescue breathing and bag valve mask (BVM) ventilation, despite evidence that first responders might struggle with these devices. Novices have successfully used the Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) Supreme and iGel devices previously, but there has been no previous comparison of the ability to train lifesavers to use the supraglottic airways compared to standard techniques for cardiac arrest ventilation.MethodsThe study is a prospective educational intervention whereby 113 lifesavers were trained to use the LMA and iGel supraglottic airways. Comparisons were made to standard devices on plastic manikins. Successful ventilation was defined as achieving visible chest rise.ResultsThe median time to first effective ventilation was similar between the PM (16 s, 95% confidence interval 16–17 s), BVM (17 s, 16–17 s) and iGel devices (18 s, 16–20 s), but longer for the LMA (36 s, 33–38 s). The iGel frequently failed to achieve ventilation (10%) compared with the PM (1%, P < 0.01) and LMA (3%, P < 0.01) but was not worse than the BVM (3%, P < 0.57). Hands‐off time was similar between the BVM, LMA and iGel (10 s for each device), but worse for the PM (13 s, P = 0.001).ConclusionLifesavers using the PM and BVM perform ventilation for cardiopulmonary resuscitation well. There appears to be a limited role for supraglottic airway devices because of limitations in terms of time to first effective ventilation and reliability. Clinical validation of manikin data with live resuscitation performance is required.
Therapeutic Apheresis in Immunologic Renal and Neurological Diseases
Authors: Bambauer Rolf , Latza Reinhard , Burgard Daniel , Schiel Ralf 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSince the mid 1970s, when membrane modules became available, plasma separation techniques have gained in importance especially in the past few years. The advantages of this method are a complete separation of the corpuscular components from the plasma and due to increased blood flow rate and higher efficacy. Systemic autoimmune diseases based on an immune pathogenesis produce autoantibodies and circulating immune complexes, which cause inflammation in the tissues of various organs. In most cases, these diseases have a poor prognosis without treatment. Therapeutic apheresis (TA) in combination with immunosuppressive therapies has led to a steady increase in survival rates over the last 40 years. The updated information on immunology and molecular biology of different immunologic diseases are discussed in relation to the rationale for apheresis therapy and its place in combination with other modern treatments. The different diseases can be treated by various apheresis methods such as therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) with substitution solution, or with online plasma or blood purification using adsorption columns, which contain biological or non‐biological agents. Here, the authors provide an overview of the most important pathogenic aspects indicating that TA can be a supportive therapy in systemic autoimmune diseases such as renal and neurological disorders. For the immunological diseases that can be treated with TA, the guidelines of the German Working Group of Clinical Nephrology and of the Apheresis Committee of the American Society for Apheresis are cited.
Lamellar events related to insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor signalling in two models relevant to endocrinopathic laminitis
Authors: Lane H. E. , Burns T. A. , Hegedus O. C. , Watts M. R. , Weber P. S. , Woltman K. A. , Geor R. J. , McCutcheon L. J. , Eades S. C. , Mathes L. E. , Belknap J. K. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundInsulin dysregulation, obesity, and exposure to high‐nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) forage are risk factors for equine metabolic syndrome‐associated laminitis (EMSAL); high systemic insulin concentrations in EMSAL are proposed to induce cellular dysregulation in the digital lamellae through activation of the insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor.ObjectivesTo use a dietary challenge model (DCM) and a euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EHC) model to assess lamellar growth factor‐related signalling.Study designLamellar phospho (P)‐protein concentrations of signalling proteins important in growth factor‐related signalling were assessed in 2 models: 1) lean and obese ponies on a low‐ or high‐NSC diet; and 2) EHC model using Standardbred horses.MethodsPonies stratified for body condition (lean [LN, n = 11] and obese [OB, n = 11]) were exposed to a low‐NSC diet (LO, n = 5 per group for LN LO and OB LO) or a high NSC diet (HI, n = 6 per group for LN HI and OB HI groups) for 7 days. For the EHC model, horses were administered insulin (constant rate infusion [6 mIU/kg bwt/min] combined with 50% dextrose, EHC group, n = 8)] or saline (0.57 mL/kg bwt/h, CON group, n = 8) for 48 h. Immunoblotting was employed to assess concentrations of activated/phosphorylated and total protein for members of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 and Ras/ERK pathways in lamellar samples from both models.ResultsIn the DCM, lamellar P‐(Ser 240/244) RPS6 was increased in OB HI ponies (vs. OB LO, P<0.05); positive correlations existed (P<0.05; r>0.5) between Day 7 basal serum insulin concentrations and lamellar concentrations of P‐p70S6K and P‐(Ser 240/244) RPS6. In the EHC model, lamellar concentrations of P‐Akt, P‐p70S6K, P‐ERK 1/2, P‐p90RSK, and both P‐(Ser 235/236) and P‐(Ser 240/244) RPS6 were increased in the EHC group (vs. CON, P<0.05).Main limitationsThe primary limitations of this study are the small number of animals per group in the DCM study, and the fact that many animals did not develop laminitis as that was not the endpoint of either study.ConclusionsThese results support further investigation of mTORC1/RPS6 signalling as a potential therapeutic target(s) in EMSAL.
The Summary is available in Chinese – see Supporting Information.
The effect of additives on the quality of white lupin–wheat silage assessed by fermentation pattern and qPCR quantification of clostridia
Authors: König W. , Lamminen M. , Weiss K. , Tuomivirta T. T. , Sanz Muñoz S. , Fritze H. , Elo K. , Puhakka L. , Vanhatalo A. , Jaakkola S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe efficacy of different silage additives on different mixtures of white lupin and spring wheat was investigated in four separate trials. The bicrop was harvested 96 days (trials 1 and 2) and 110 days (trials 3 and 4) after sowing. For each maturity stage, two mixtures of white lupin and spring wheat were reformed in the ratios of 1:2 and 2:1 on fresh matter (FM) basis respectively. The crops were treated with formic acid (FA), sodium nitrite–hexamine mixture (NaHe) or homofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The control silage was made without additive. Additives were not able to improve the quality of white lupin–wheat silage in all trials, compared with untreated silage. The treatment with LAB showed good results only at the first stage of crop maturity with sufficient amounts of water‐soluble carbohydrate in the pre‐ensiling crops. The FA treatment showed elevated butyric acid levels in all trials, which suggests that the FA application level used (4 L t−1 FM, 100% FA) was insufficient to decrease pH enough for preventing the growth of clostridia and butyric acid fermentation. NaHe was the only additive that was able to inhibit the activity of clostridia in all trials.
Development and feasibility testing of the Pediatric Emergency Discharge Interaction Coding Scheme
Authors: Curran Janet A. , Taylor Alexandra , Chorney Jill , Porter Stephen , Murphy Andrea , MacPhee Shannon , Bishop Andrea , Haworth Rebecca 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundDischarge communication is an important aspect of high‐quality emergency care. This study addresses the gap in knowledge on how to describe discharge communication in a paediatric emergency department (ED).ObjectiveThe objective of this feasibility study was to develop and test a coding scheme to characterize discharge communication between health‐care providers (HCPs) and caregivers who visit the ED with their children.DesignThe Pediatric Emergency Discharge Interaction Coding Scheme (PEDICS) and coding manual were developed following a review of the literature and an iterative refinement process involving HCP observations, inter‐rater assessments and team consensus.Setting and participantsThe coding scheme was pilot‐tested through observations of HCPs across a range of shifts in one urban paediatric ED.Main variables studiedOverall, 329 patient observations were carried out across 50 observational shifts. Inter‐rater reliability was evaluated in 16% of the observations. The final version of the PEDICS contained 41 communication elements.ResultsKappa scores were greater than .60 for the majority of communication elements. The most frequently observed communication elements were under the Introduction node and the least frequently observed were under the Social Concerns node. HCPs initiated the majority of the communication.ConclusionPediatric Emergency Discharge Interaction Coding Scheme addresses an important gap in the discharge communication literature. The tool is useful for mapping patterns of discharge communication between HCPs and caregivers. Results from our pilot test identified deficits in specific areas of discharge communication that could impact adherence to discharge instructions. The PEDICS would benefit from further testing with a different sample of HCPs.
Recycling zinc oxide varistor blocks for electro‐active silicone composites
Authors: Metz Renaud , Boudehen Loic , Tahir Said , Phou Ty , Prevost Guillaume , Jelinek Remi , Dieudonné Philippe , Hassanzadeh Merdad 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe recycling process toward the elimination of varistor wastes into new electro‐active silicon composites has been investigated. We studied the dependence of the E‐J characteristics on the aggregate content in the polymer matrix. Formulations with 40 vol.% metal oxide varistor aggregates in the 100‐200 μm range exhibit reliable nonlinear behavior with a switching voltage of 280±30 V/mm. The breakdown voltage of the composite decreases as both filler's diameter and filler's volume fraction increases in the 550‐220 V/mm and 440‐280 V/mm range, respectively. This paves the way for the valorization of varistors based zinc oxide (ZnO) ceramics.
Rapid automated landmarking for morphometric analysis of three‐dimensional facial scans
Authors: Li Mao , Cole Joanne B. , Manyama Mange , Larson Jacinda R. , Liberton Denise K. , Riccardi Sheri L. , Ferrara Tracey M. , Santorico Stephanie A. , Bannister Jordan J. , Forkert Nils D. , Spritz Richard A. , Mio Washington , Hallgrimsson Benedikt 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAutomated phenotyping is essential for the creation of large, highly standardized datasets from anatomical imaging data. Such datasets can support large‐scale studies of complex traits or clinical studies related to precision medicine or clinical trials. We have developed a method that generates three‐dimensional landmark data that meet the requirements of standard geometric morphometric analyses. The method is robust and can be implemented without high‐performance computing resources. We validated the method using both direct comparison to manual landmarking on the same individuals and also analyses of the variation patterns and outlier patterns in a large dataset of automated and manual landmark data. Direct comparison of manual and automated landmarks reveals that automated landmark data are less variable, but more highly integrated and reproducible. Automated data produce covariation structure that closely resembles that of manual landmarks. We further find that while our method does produce some landmarking errors, they tend to be readily detectable and can be fixed by adjusting parameters used in the registration and control‐point steps. Data generated using the method described here have been successfully used to study the genomic architecture of facial shape in two different genome‐wide association studies of facial shape.
Adolescent Athletic Participation Patterns and Self‐Perceived Competence: Associations With Later Participation, Depressive Symptoms, and Health
Authors: Agans Jennifer P. , Johnson Sara K. , Lerner Richard M. 
Published: January 2017

Physical activity is important for well‐being across the life span. However, links between patterns of adolescent activity, competence perceptions, and young adult outcomes are underexplored. We used data from seven waves of the 4‐H Study of Positive Youth Development (N = 5,961) to assess patterns of adolescent athletic participation, whether these patterns were associated with self‐perceived athletic competence and young adult physical activity, depressive symptoms, and health, and associations between changes in participation across adolescence and young adult outcomes. Competence perceptions were associated with increased participation, and more active adolescents had higher rates of adult athletic activity, with links to better health and fewer depressive symptoms. We discuss results in light of the importance of using person‐centered analyses to understand active lifestyles.
The effect of aging on mastication and swallowing parameters according to the hardness change of solid food
Authors: Park Hyoung Su , Kim Don‐Kyu , Lee Sang Yi , Park Ki‐Hwan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAs part of the aging process, multiple oral physiologic changes occur and these changes may cause individuals to reduce food intake or switch the types of food texture. Thus, the need to develop food products for the elderly has increased. To evaluate the suitability of the food products for the elderly, the evaluation method should be verified and it is important to identify the parameters of mastication and swallowing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the differences of mastication and swallowing parameters between the young adults and the elderly depending on the varying hardness of rice food product. Subjects included 20 young adults and 40 elderly and bolus transit times of video‐fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) were used. Four types of rice products with different hardness were provided including cooked rice, soft‐boiled rice, rice gruel and thin rice gruel. In the elderly group, the chewing number, oral processing time, post‐faucial aggregation time, valleculae aggregation time (VAT), first subsequence duration and total duration were significantly different according to the changes in food hardness. Of the bolus transit times, the VAT and the second subsequence duration (S‐S2) were significantly different between the two groups. These results suggest that VAT and S‐S2, key VFSS parameters, as well as the chewing number and total duration are useful tools for evaluating the effect of aging on mastication and swallowing of solid foods.Practical applicationsIn Korea, the aging population is rapidly increasing. According to recent surveys, a large number of elderly Koreans have reported chewing difficulties and many of them are in the state of under‐nutrition. As aging progresses, multiple physiologic changes occur in mastication and swallowing functions. These changes may cause individuals to reduce their food intake or switch to soft food products. Therefore, the development of texture‐modified food products for the elderly is needed and they should be developed based on the understandings of the physiology of mastication and swallowing according to different rheological properties of food products consumed in Korea, which are quite different from those of the western countries. In this study, we compared the differences of mastication and swallowing parameters between the young adults and the elderly depending on the varying hardness of rice food product.
Objectively diagnosing rumination syndrome in children using esophageal pH‐impedance and manometry
Authors: Singendonk M. M. J. , Oors J. M. , Bredenoord A. J. , Omari T. I. , van der Pol R. J. , Smits M. J. , Benninga M. A. , van Wijk M. P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundRumination syndrome is characterized by recurrent regurgitation of recently ingested food into the mouth. Differentiation with other diagnoses and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in particular, is difficult. Recently, objective pH‐impedance (pH‐MII) and manometry criteria were proposed for adults. The aim of this study was to determine diagnostic ambulatory pH‐MII and manometry criteria for rumination syndrome in children.MethodsClinical data and 24‐hour pH‐MII and manometry recordings of children with a clinical suspicion of rumination syndrome were reviewed. Recordings were analyzed for retrograde bolus flow extending into the proximal esophagus. Peak gastric and intraesophageal pressures closely related to these events were recorded and checked for a pattern compatible with rumination. Events were classified into primary, secondary, and supragastric belch–associated rumination.Key ResultsTwenty‐five consecutive patients (11 males, median age 13.3 years [IQR 5.9‐15.8]) were included; recordings of 18 patients were suitable for analysis. Rumination events were identified in 16/18 patients, with 50% of events occurring <30 minutes postprandially. Fifteen of 16 patients showed ≥1 gastric pressure peak >30 mmHg, while only 50% of all events was characterized by peaks >30 mmHg and an additional 20% by peaks >25 mmHg. Four patients had evidence of acid GERD, all showing secondary rumination.Conclusions and InferencesCombined 24‐hour pH‐MII and manometry can be used to diagnose rumination syndrome in children and to distinguish it from GERD. Rumination patterns in children are similar compared with adults, albeit with lower gastric pressure increase. We propose a diagnostic cutoff for gastric pressure increase >25 mmHg associated with retrograde bolus flow into the proximal esophagus.
A fern AINTEGUMENTA gene mirrors BABY BOOM in promoting apogamy in Ceratopteris richardii
Authors: Bui Linh T. , Pandzic Dzevida , Youngstrom Christopher E. , Wallace Simon , Irish Erin E. , Szövényi Péter , Cheng Chi‐Lien 
Published: January 2017

SummaryAsexual reproduction is widespread in land plants, including ferns where 10% of all species are obligate asexuals. In these ferns, apogamous sporophytes are generated directly from gametophytes, bypassing fertilization. In the model fern Ceratopteris richardii, a sexual species, apogamy can be induced by culture on high sugar media. BABY BOOM (BBM) genes in angiosperms are known to promote somatic embryogenesis, which like apogamy produce sporophytes without fertilization. Here, a Brassica napus BBM (BnBBM) was used to investigate genetic similarity between apogamy in ferns and somatic embryogenesis in angiosperms. A C. richardii transcriptome was constructed from which one AINTEGUMENTA‐LIKE unigene, CrANT, was identified. Whole mount in situ hybridization showed that CrANT is expressed in sperm and fertilized eggs. Phylogenetic analysis grouped CrANT with other non‐seed‐plant ANT genes to the euANT clade but in a branch separate from BBM genes. Overexpression of CrANT or BnBBM promotes apogamy in C. richardii without sugar supplement. CrANT knockdown gametophytes responded weakly to sugar for apogamy promotion. Theses results suggest some genetic conservation between apogamy and somatic embryogenesis and that such asexual reproduction may be ancient.
In vitro anti‐tubulin effects of mebendazole and fenbendazole on canine glioma cells
Authors: Lai S. R. , Castello S. A. , Robinson A. C. , Koehler J. W. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBenzimidazole anthelmintics have reported anti‐neoplastic effects both in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro chemosensitivity of three canine glioma cell lines to mebendazole and fenbendazole. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) (±SD) obtained from performing the MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay after treating J3T, G06‐A, and SDT‐3G cells for 72 h with mebendazole were 0.030 ± 0.003, 0.080 ± 0.015 and 0.030 ± 0.006 μM respectively, while those for fenbendazole were 0.550  ± 0.015, 1.530 ± 0.159 and 0.690 ± 0.095 μM; treatment of primary canine fibroblasts for 72 h at IC50 showed no significant effect. Immunofluorescence studies showed disruption of tubulin after treatment. Mebendazole and fenbendazole are cytotoxic in canine glioma cell lines in vitro and may be good candidates for treatment of canine gliomas. Further in vivo studies are required.