bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case of anti‐myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated demyelinating disease with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Takei Kentarou , Sato Mineshige , Nakamura Masashi , Shimizu Hiroshi , Nakashima Ichiro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies occur in a small group of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. However, the clinical significance of this autoantibody has not been fully established.Case presentationAn 18‐year‐old woman with a history of depression and atopic disease developed left‐side dominant diffuse muscle weakness and numbness with bilateral ankle pseudoclonus along with deterioration of atopic dermatitis, which suggested the possibility of central nerve system damage, although there were no abnormal findings on magnetic resonance imaging. During hospitalization, her neurological symptoms naturally improved, so a wait‐and‐see approach was chosen. After discharge, she developed temporal blurred vision, and then a modest elevation in anti‐MOG antibodies (1:128) was observed. We subsequently diagnosed the patient with possible anti‐MOG antibody‐associated disease. After intravenous methylprednisolone therapy was started, her pseudoclonus and gait disturbance were improved.ConclusionsThis case suggests that atopic dermatitis is possibly a trigger for developing anti‐MOG antibody‐associated disorder, and that some instances of possible central nerve system‐demyelinating disease associated with anti‐MOG antibodies could be poorly identifiable using magnetic resonance imaging. Anti‐MOG antibody test might be worthwhile when a patient develops neurological symptoms without apparent magnetic resonance imaging lesions.
High‐temperature fracture toughness of mullite with monoclinic zirconia
Authors: Glymond Daniel , Vick Michael J. , Giuliani Finn , Vandeperre Luc J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractReactive sintering of zircon and alumina and zirconia additions to mullite are well‐established methods for improving the poor fracture toughness of mullite. While it is clear that transformation toughening is responsible for the improved toughness by addition of partially stabilized zirconia, it is not clear why adding unstabilized zirconia increases the toughness although microcracking and crack deflection have been suggested. Therefore, the fracture toughness of a mullite composite with 20 vol% unstabilized zirconia and a monolithic mullite were investigated at ambient conditions and at temperatures up to 1225°C. It was found that monoclinic zirconia increases the toughness at ambient conditions from the monolithic mullite value of 1.9 to 3.9 MPa·m1/2. The toughness of the composite with zirconia remains relatively constant from ambient to 600°C but then decreases rapidly. The mechanism for the toughness enhancement as well as the reason for its variation with temperature are explained using changes in residual stress state as deduced using the sphere in shell model from the measured thermal expansion behavior.
The difficulties experienced by nurses and healthcare staff involved in the process of breaking bad news
Authors: Warnock Clare , Buchanan Jean , TOD Angela Mary 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore the difficulties experienced by nurses and healthcare professionals when engaging in the process of breaking bad news.BackgroundThe challenges faced by staff when breaking bad news have previously been researched in relation to particular settings or participants. This study involved staff from diverse settings and roles to develop broader insights into the range of difficulties experienced in clinical practice.DesignThe study used a descriptive survey design involving self‐reported written accounts and framework analysis.MethodsData were collected using a structured questionnaire containing a free text section that asked participants to describe a difficult experience they had encountered when involved in the process of breaking bad news. Data were collected from healthcare staff from hospital, community, hospice and care home settings attending training days on breaking bad news between April 2011 and April 2014.FindingsMultiple inter‐related factors presented challenges to staff engaging in activities associated with breaking bad news. Traditional subjects such as diagnostic and treatment information were described but additional topics were identified such as the impact of illness and care at the end of life. A descriptive framework was developed that summarizes the factors that contribute to creating difficult experiences for staff when breaking bad news.ConclusionThe framework provides insights into the scope of the challenges faced by staff when they engage in the process of breaking bad news. This provides the foundation for developing interventions to support staff that more closely matches their experiences in clinical practice.
The experience of adult children of mothers with intellectual disability: A qualitative retrospective study from Poland
Authors: Wołowicz‐Ruszkowska Agnieszka , McConnell David 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundLittle is known about the experience of growing up with a mother with intellectual disability. The aim of this study was to explore this experience from the perspective of adult children.MethodIn‐depth interviews with 23 adult children brought up by mothers with moderate‐to‐severe intellectual disability. The interview data were analysed using grounded theory methods.ResultsThe childhood experiences of the interviewees and the role their mothers played in their upbringing varied, depending in part on the involvement of extended family. It was the stigma of maternal intellectual disability, rather than their mother's functional limitations, that posed the greatest challenge.ConclusionInterviewees characterized their mothers and childhoods as different, yet ordinary. Understanding the social context, including but not limited to the availability of informal support, is critical to understanding the experience of children growing up with mothers with intellectual disability.
The European Union as an Inadvertent Great Power: EU Actorness and the Ukraine Crisis
Authors: Gehring Thomas , Urbanski Kevin , Oberthür Sebastian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe examine how the EU can act as a great power in its own right even in the absence of military capability and how its institutional structure conditions this ability. We first theorize EU great power politics. Based on theories of corporate action, the EU constitutes a strong market power in its own right and a weak security power. While it is institutionally ill‐equipped to purposefully mobilize its market power to pursue high‐politics goals, its communitarized external relations may inadvertently challenge important security interests of other great powers. Second, we show that the EU acted as an inadvertent great power vis‐à‐vis Russia in its Ukraine policy which was primarily driven by the supranational decision‐making apparatus and low‐politics considerations, but engendered a bipolar power struggle with Russia over Ukraine. The risks inherent in EU inadvertent great power politics are deeply engrained in the EU's institutional structure and therefore difficult to mitigate.
Molecular Profiling of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Hypothalamic Neurones Provides Developmental Insights into Genetic Loci for Body Weight Regulation
Authors: Yao L. , Liu Y. , Qiu Z. , Kumar S. , Curran J. E. , Blangero J. , Chen Y. , Lehman D. M. 
Published: January 2017

Recent data suggest that common genetic risks for metabolic disorders such as obesity may be human‐specific and exert effects via the central nervous system. To overcome the limitation of human tissue access for study, we have generated induced human pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived neuronal cultures that recapture many features of hypothalamic neurones within the arcuate nucleus. In the present study, we have comprehensively characterised this model across development, benchmarked these neurones to in vivo events, and demonstrate a link between obesity risk variants and hypothalamic development. The dynamic transcriptome across neuronal maturation was examined using microarray and RNA sequencing methods at nine time points. K‐means clustering of the longitudinal data was conducted to identify co‐regulation and microRNA control of biological processes. The transcriptomes were compared with those of 103 samples from 13 brain regions reported in the Genotype‐Tissue Expression database (GTEx) using principal components analysis. Genes with proximity to body mass index (BMI)‐associated genetic variants were mapped to the developmentally expressed genesets, and enrichment significance was assessed with Fisher's exact test. The human neuronal cultures have a transcriptional and physiological profile of neuropeptide Y/agouti‐related peptide arcuate nucleus neurones. The neuronal transcriptomes were highly correlated with adult hypothalamus compared to any other brain region from the GTEx. Also, approximately 25% of the transcripts showed substantial changes in expression across neuronal development and potential co‐regulation of biological processes that mirror neuronal development in vivo. These developmentally expressed genes were significantly enriched for genes in proximity to BMI‐associated variants. We confirmed the utility of this in vitro human model for studying the development of key hypothalamic neurones involved in energy balance and show that genes at loci associated with body weight regulation may share a pattern of developmental regulation. These data support the need to investigate early development to elucidate the human‐specific central nervous system pathophysiology underlying obesity susceptibility.
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND EMPLOYMENT IN DERIVED LABOUR DEMAND MODELS: A HIERARCHICAL META‐REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: Ugur Mehmet , Awaworyi Churchill Sefa , Solomon Edna 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe effect of technological innovation on employment is of major concern for workers and their unions, policy makers and academic researchers. We meta‐analyse 570 estimates from 35 primary studies that estimate a derived labour demand model. We contribute to existing attempts at evidence synthesis by addressing the risks of selection bias and that of data dependence in observational studies. Our findings indicate that: (i) hierarchical meta‐regression models are sufficiently versatile for addressing both selection bias and data dependence in observational data; (ii) innovation's effect on employment is positive but small and highly heterogeneous; (iii) only a small part of residual heterogeneity is explained by moderating factors; (iv) selection bias tends to reflect preference for upholding prevalent hypotheses on the employment effects of process and product innovations; (v) country‐specific effect‐size estimates are related to labour market and product market regulation in six OECD countries in a U‐shaped fashion; and (vi) OLS estimates reflect upward bias whereas those based on time‐differenced or within estimators reflect a downward bias. Our findings point out to a range of data quality and modelling issues that should be addressed in future research.
Radiopacity of Composite Luting Cements Using a Digital Technique
Authors: Dukic Walter 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the radiopacity of 20 common dental composite luting materials using a digital technique.Materials and MethodsA 1‐mm‐thick specimen of each material with a human tooth slice and aluminium step wedge were tested using digital radiographs under four combinations of exposure and voltage. The radiopacity in pixels was determined using computer software. The equivalent thickness of aluminium for each material was then calculated based on the calibration curve.ResultsAll tested materials except one had higher radiopacity than dentin (p > α; α = 0.01), and 80% of the materials had radiopacity above enamel value (p > α; α = 0.01). Moreover, 40% of tested materials had radiopacity of three times above the minimal International Organization for Standardization (ISO) values for composite luting cements. At all exposure values, the highest radiopacity was for Solocem and Multilink groups of materials, at three to six times above dentin radiopacity. Only Variolink Veneer showed radiopacity below dentin and enamel.ConclusionsComposite luting materials should have radiopacity above ISO values or greater than the dentin or enamel equivalent. The highest radiopacity values were for the Solocem and Multilink family composite luting cements. Clinicians should choose materials with high radiopacity values, and manufacturers should be aware of the radiopacity values when introducing materials on the market.
LOCAL PUBLIC SERVICES COSTS AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM FLORIDA COUNTIES
Authors: Ihlanfeldt Keith , Willardsen Kevin 
Published: January 2017

ABTRACTTheory suggests that the spatial distribution of development within a local jurisdiction affects the costs of providing local public services. We use GINI coefficients to characterize these distributions at the county level and estimate the effects on real per capita expenditures from reductions in the spatial concentration of all buildings and nine alternative types of development. We also estimate the effect on expenditures from expansions in the developed area of a county. The results obtained from a panel of Florida counties confirm our theory and suggest that the geography of development within a county affects public services costs.
The Role of Conventional and Right‐Sided ECG Screening for Subcutaneous ICD in a Tetralogy of Fallot Population
Authors: ALONSO PAU , OSCA JOAQUÍN , CANO OSCAR , PIMENTA PEDRO , ANDRÉS ANA , YAGÜE JAIME , MILLET JOSÉ , RUEDA JOAQUÍN , SANCHO‐TELLO MARÍA JOSÉ 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundInformation regarding suitability for subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) implant in tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) population is scarce and needs to be further explored. The aims of our study were: (1) to determine the proportion of patients with ToF eligible for S‐ICD, (2) to identify the optimal sensing vector in ToF patients, (3) to test specifically the eligibility for S‐ICD with right‐sided screening, and (4) to compare with the proportion of eligible patients in a nonselected ICD population.MethodsWe recruited 60 consecutive patients with ToF and 40 consecutive nonselected patients. Conventional electrocardiographic screening was performed as usual. Right‐sided alternative screening was studied by positioning the left arm and right arm electrodes 1 cm right lateral to the xiphoid midline. The Boston Scientific electrocardiogram (ECG) screening tool was utilized.ResultsWe found a higher proportion of patients with right‐sided positive screening in comparison with standard screening (77 ± 0.4% vs. 67 ± 0.4%; P < 0.0001) and a trend to higher number of appropriate leads in right‐sided screening (1.3 ± 1 vs. 1.1 ± 1 ms; P = 0.07). Patients who failed the screening had a longer QRS duration and longer QT interval. Standard and right‐sided screening showed a higher percent of positive patients in the control group compared to ToF patients (P < 0.001).ConclusionRight‐sided screening was associated with a significant 10% increase in S‐ICD eligibility in ToF patients. When comparing with an acquired cardiomyopathies group, ToF showed a lower eligibility for S‐ICD. The most appropriate ECG vector was the alternate vector in contrast to what is observed in the general population.
Nitrogen‐, water‐ and radiation‐use efficiencies affected by sugarcane breeding in Argentina
Authors: Acreche Martín M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to identify whether and how sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) breeding in Argentina modified nitrogen‐use efficiency (NUE), water‐use efficiency (WUE) and radiation‐use efficiency (RUE). Thirteen varieties were grown in two consecutive seasons. Trends in different traits were estimated by fitting the data to linear or bilinear regression models. There was a linear increase in NUE and WUE with the year of release throughout the 70‐year span, whereas water use was not modified by sugarcane breeding. There was a positive and strong (r > 0.90; P < 0.01) association between NUE and WUE and between sugar yield and NUE or WUE. Although RUE was not modified by sugarcane breeding, the amount of radiation intercepted by the crop increased with the year of release. Modern varieties had a higher maximum interception and needed fewer days to reach maximum interception than old varieties. This study suggests that applying ecophysiological knowledge would be instrumental in sugarcane breeding programmes in order to develop varieties with high resource‐use efficiency and capable to adapt to global climate change.
Relative Affluence and Child Labor—Explaining a Paradox
Authors: Dwibedi Jayanta Kumar , Marjit Sugata 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSome micro level empirical studies found child labor incidence increasing even with improvement in the economic conditions of the poor. This paper provides a possible explanation as to why increase in absolute income may not be sufficient to solve the problem of child labor. We argue that people in general are not just concerned about their own consumption; they are very much affected by the consumption of their peers. While taking decisions regarding the time allocation of their children between work and leisure, parents do keep an eye on their relative position in the society. We develop a theoretical model of household decision making to show that child labor supply from a poor family can increase even with improvements in its economic conditions, if the family's relative position in the society deteriorates and if the relative status effect is sufficiently strong.
A Bayesian Decision Theoretic Model of Sequential Experimentation with Delayed Response
Authors: Chick Stephen , Forster Martin , Pertile Paolo 
Published: January 2017

Summary
We propose a Bayesian decision theoretic model of a fully sequential experiment in which the real-valued primary end point is observed with delay. The goal is to identify the sequential experiment which maximizes the expected benefits of technology adoption decisions, minus sampling costs. The solution yields a unified policy defining the optimal ‘do not experiment’–‘fixed sample size experiment’–‘sequential experiment’ regions and optimal stopping boundaries for sequential sampling, as a function of the prior mean benefit and the size of the delay. We apply the model to the field of medical statistics, using data from published clinical trials.
Non‐invasive assessment of muscle oxygenation may aid in optimising transfusion threshold decisions in ambulatory paediatric patients
Authors: Schenkman K. A. , Hawkins D. S. , Ciesielski W. A. , Delaney M. , Arakaki L. S. L. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYObjectiveTo assess the potential utility of a novel non‐invasive muscle oxygen measurement to determine the presence of muscle hypoxia in patients with anaemia.BackgroundRecent assessment of the risk/benefit ratio of blood transfusion has led to clinical strategies optimising transfusion decisions. These decisions are primarily based on haematocrit (Hct) but not oxygen delivery, the primary function of red blood cells (RBCs). We hypothesised that muscle oxygenation (MOx) would correlate with Hct in patients with anaemia and may be a physiologically relevant determinant of the transfusion threshold.Methods/MaterialsMOx was non‐invasively determined in children in the Cancer and Blood Disorders Center ambulatory clinic at Seattle Children's Hospital using a custom‐designed optical probe and spectrometer. MOx was compared with contemporaneous Hct. In subjects receiving RBCs, MOx and Hct were also determined following transfusion.ResultsMOx ranged from 36·7 to 100%, and Hct ranged from 17·0 to 38·6% in 27 measurements from 16 patients. High MOx values were associated with high Hct. Mean MOx for patients with normal Hct for age (n = 5) was 95·9 ± 2·9%. RBC transfusion increased mean Hct from 19·1 ± 1·5% to 29·3 ± 2·0 and mean MOx from 67·9 ± 21·1% to 89·9 ± 9·8%. Among six transfusion episodes (in five patients) with initial Hct < 22, only three had a pre‐transfusion MOx of <70%. Patients with the lowest pre‐transfusion MOx had the largest increase in MOx after transfusion.ConclusionsThese preliminary data suggest that MOx may aid in making transfusion decisions when used in combination with Hct.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki 
Published: January 2017

Applied Economics and Finance [AEF] would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from August 1, 2015, to October 31, 2015. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Redfame Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Aleksandar Vasilev Ali Massoud Eyup Dogan George Theocharides Getamesay Bekele Haitham Nobanee Ian McFarlane Igor Matyushenko, Jin Yong Yang Magdalena Zioło Mohammed Alkali Yusuf Oluchukwu Anowor Patrycja Kowalczyk-Rólczynska Ramona Orastean Steven V. Cates Szabolcs Blazsek Uwuigbe Uwalomwa Uwuigbe, Olubukunola Ranti Vilas Gaikar Y. SAIDI Yao Zheng Nikki Gibbs Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and Finance Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://aef.redfame.com
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: January 2017

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 11 Anne M. Hornak David A. Compton Donna Smith Elena Jerves Intakhab Khan John Cowan Lisa Marie Portugal Marieke van der Schaaf Nele Kampa Niveen M. Zayed Puneet S. Gill Suzan Kavanoz Vasiliki Brinia Wang Kin Chiu Yalçın Dilekli Yi Lu Robert Smith Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training Studies Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://jets.redfame.com
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: January 2017

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 7 Ardi Marwan Betsy Diegel Chris Prince Udochukwu Njoku Elena Jerves Jiao Ji John Cowan Laima Kyburiene Leonor Thomson Lisa Marie Portugal Lorna Enerva Marcie Zaharee Mehmet Inan Min Gui Mustafa Çakır Richard Penny Vasiliki Brinia Robert Smith Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training Studies Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://jets.redfame.com