bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc isotope evidence for sulfate-rich fluid transfer across subduction zones
Authors: Pons Marie-Laure , Debret Baptiste , Bouilhol Pierre , Delacour Adélie , Williams Helen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSubduction zones modulate the chemical evolution of the Earth’s mantle. Water and volatile elements in the slab are released as fluids into the mantle wedge and this process is widely considered to result in the oxidation of the sub-arc mantle. However, the chemical composition and speciation of these fluids, which is critical for the mobility of economically important elements, remain poorly constrained. Sulfur has the potential to act both as oxidizing agent and transport medium. Here we use zinc stable isotopes (δ66Zn) in subducted Alpine serpentinites to decipher the chemical properties of slab-derived fluids. We show that the progressive decrease in δ66Zn with metamorphic grade is correlated with a decrease in sulfur content. As existing theoretical work predicts that Zn-SO42− complexes preferentially incorporate heavy δ66Zn, our results provide strong evidence for the release of oxidized, sulfate-rich, slab serpentinite-derived fluids to the mantle wedge.
A TLR9 agonist promotes IL-22-dependent pancreatic islet allograft survival in type 1 diabetic mice
Authors: Tripathi Deepak , Venkatasubramanian Sambasivan , Cheekatla Satyanarayana S. , Paidipally Padmaja , Welch Elwyn , Tvinnereim Amy R. , Vankayalapati Ramakrishna 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPancreatic islet transplantation is a promising potential cure for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Islet allografts can survive long term in the liver parenchyma. Here we show that liver NK1.1+ cells induce allograft tolerance in a T1D mouse model. The tolerogenic effects of NK1.1+ cells are mediated through IL-22 production, which enhances allograft survival and increases insulin secretion. Increased expression of NKG2A by liver NK1.1+ cells in islet allograft-transplanted mice is involved in the production of IL-22 and in the reduced inflammatory response to allografts. Vaccination of T1D mice with a CpG oligonucleotide TLR9 agonist (ODN 1585) enhances expansion of IL-22-producing CD3-NK1.1+ cells in the liver and prolongs allograft survival. Our study identifies a role for liver NK1.1+ cells, IL-22 and CpG oligonucleotides in the induction of tolerance to islet allografts in the liver parenchyma.
Contactless processing of SiGe-melts in EML under reduced gravity
Authors: Luo Yuansu , Damaschke Bernd , Schneider Stephan , Lohöfer Georg , Abrosimov Nikolay , Czupalla Matthias , Samwer Konrad 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe processing of semiconductors based on electromagnetic levitation is a challenge, because this kind of materials shows a poor electrical conductivity. Here, we report the results of measurements of the thermophysical properties obtained recently from highly doped semiconductors Si1−x
Ge
x
under microgravity conditions in the framework of parabola flight campaigns. Due to the limited time of about 20 s of microgravity especially Ge-rich samples with low melting temperatures were investigated. The measurements were performed contactlessly by video techniques with subsequent digital image processing. Linear and volume thermal expansion coefficients were measured hereby from image data. An anomaly of volume changes near the solidus temperature is visible. Viscosity and surface tension were determined by the oscillating drop technique using optic and electronic data. It was observed that the alloying of Si into Ge increases the surface tension of the melts. The viscosity is following an Arrhenius equation and shows a crossover temperature which separates simple liquid at high temperatures from cooperative liquid at low temperatures.
Impact of pneumonia and lung cancer on mortality of women with hypertension
Authors: Shen Yuechun , Tian Zuojun , Lu Dongfeng , Huang Junyao , Zhang Zuopeng , Li Xinchun , Li Jun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEssential hypertension is one of the most severe women’s health problems. Modern life brings more chances of pulmonary diseases to human. The purpose of the study is to investigate weather pneumonia and lung cancer are associated with the mortality of women with hypertension in different age. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in women with hypertension, who were admitted into our hospital in 2004–2013. 14219 women were enrolled and 68.8 ± 12.2 year old (y). Isolated hypertension was 14.7%. The age of death was 78.1 ± 9.8 y. The mortality was 4.4% for average and 0.2%, 1.1%, 2.4%, 4.8%, 10.4% and 15.8% in group age ≦49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, 80–89 and ≧90 y separately. This mortality increased with age was positively significantly correlated with the increased incidences of pneumonia (P < 0.05, r = 0.77). Pneumonia was a significant risk associated with the mortality in age 55–89 y (OR = 6.4–22.5; 95% CI = 3.06–51.12). While, lung cancer was the significant risk in 70–79 y. These observations indicate that pneumonia and lung cancer are significant risk factors associated with the mortality of certain age women with hypertension, and bring an alert that pneumonia and lung cancer should be prevented and treated intensively in modern life in order to reduce the mortality.
A molecular and neuronal basis for amino acid sensing in the Drosophila larva
Authors: Croset Vincent , Schleyer Michael , Arguello J. Roman , Gerber Bertram , Benton Richard 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAmino acids are important nutrients for animals, reflected in conserved internal pathways in vertebrates and invertebrates for monitoring cellular levels of these compounds. In mammals, sensory cells and metabotropic glutamate receptor-related taste receptors that detect environmental sources of amino acids in food are also well-characterised. By contrast, it is unclear how insects perceive this class of molecules through peripheral chemosensory mechanisms. Here we investigate amino acid sensing in Drosophila melanogaster larvae, which feed ravenously to support their rapid growth. We show that larvae display diverse behaviours (attraction, aversion, neutral) towards different amino acids, which depend upon stimulus concentration. Some of these behaviours require IR76b, a member of the variant ionotropic glutamate receptor repertoire of invertebrate chemoreceptors. IR76b is broadly expressed in larval taste neurons, suggesting a role as a co-receptor. We identify a subpopulation of these neurons that displays physiological activation by some, but not all, amino acids, and which mediate suppression of feeding by high concentrations of at least a subset of these compounds. Our data reveal the first elements of a sophisticated neuronal and molecular substrate by which these animals detect and behave towards external sources of amino acids.
Harnessing the natural inhibitory domain to control TNFα Converting Enzyme (TACE) activity in vivo
Authors: Wong Eitan , Cohen Tal , Romi Erez , Levin Maxim , Peleg Yoav , Arad Uri , Yaron Avraham , Milla Marcos E. , Sagi Irit 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDysregulated activity of A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17)/TNFα Converting Enzyme (TACE) is associated with inflammatory disorders and cancer progression by releasing regulatory membrane-tethered proteins like TNFα, IL6R and EGFR ligands. Although specific inhibition of TACE is thought to be a viable strategy for inflammatory disorders and for malignancies treatment, the generation of effective inhibitors in vivo has been proven to be challenging. Here we report on the development of a protein inhibitor that leverages the endogenous modulator of TACE. We have generated a stable form of the auto-inhibitory TACE prodomain (TPD), which specifically inhibits in vitro and cell-surface TACE, but not the related ADAM10, and effectively modulated TNFα secretion in cells. TPD significantly attenuated TACE-mediated disease models of sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and reduced TNFα in synovial fluids from RA patients. Our results demonstrate that intervening with endogenous ADAM sheddase modulatory mechanisms holds potential as a general strategy for the design of ADAM inhibitors.
Time Series miRNA-mRNA integrated analysis reveals critical miRNAs and targets in macrophage polarization
Authors: Lu Liangqun , McCurdy Sara , Huang Sijia , Zhu Xun , Peplowska Karolina , Tiirikainen Maarit , Boisvert William A. , Garmire Lana X. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPolarization of macrophages is regulated through complex signaling networks. Correlating miRNA and mRNA expression over time after macrophage polarization has not yet been investigated. We used paired RNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq experiments to measure the mRNA and miRNA expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages over a time-series of 8 hours. Bioinformatics analysis identified 31 differentially expressed miRNAs between M1 and M2 polarized macrophages. The top 4 M1 miRNAs (miR-155-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-147-3p and miR-9-5p) and top 4 M2 miRNAs (miR-27a-5p, let-7c-1-3p, miR-23a-5p and miR-23b-5p) were validated by qPCR. Interestingly, M1 specific miRNAs could be categorized to early- and late-response groups, in which three new miRNAs miR-1931, miR-3473e and miR-5128 were validated as early-response miRNAs. M1 polarization led to the enrichment of genes involved in immune responses and signal transduction, whereas M2 polarization enriched genes involved in cell cycle and metabolic processes. C2H2 zinc-finger family members are key targets of DE miRNAs. The integrative analysis between miRNAs and mRNAs demonstrates the regulations of miRNAs on nearly four thousand differentially expressed genes and most of the biological pathways enriched in macrophage polarization. In summary, this study elucidates the expression profiles of miRNAs and their potential targetomes during macrophage polarization.
Longitudinal metagenomic profiling of bovine milk to assess the impact of intramammary treatment using a third-generation cephalosporin
Authors: Ganda Erika K. , Bisinotto Rafael S. , Lima Svetlana F. , Kronauer Kristina , Decter Dean H. , Oikonomou Georgios , Schukken Ynte H. , Bicalho Rodrigo C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAntimicrobial usage in food animals has a direct impact on human health, and approximately 80% of the antibiotics prescribed in the dairy industry are used to treat bovine mastitis. Here we provide a longitudinal description of the changes in the microbiome of milk that are associated with mastitis and antimicrobial therapy. Next-generation sequencing, 16 S rRNA gene quantitative real-time PCR, and aerobic culturing were applied to assess the effect of disease and antibiotic therapy on the milk microbiome. Cows diagnosed with clinical mastitis associated with Gram-negative pathogens or negative aerobic culture were randomly allocated into 5 days of Ceftiofur intramammary treatment or remained as untreated controls. Serial milk samples were collected from the affected quarter and the ipsilateral healthy quarter of the same animal. Milk from the mastitic quarter had a higher bacterial load and reduced microbial diversity compared to healthy milk. Resolution of the disease was accompanied by increases in diversity indexes and a decrease in pathogen relative abundance.Escherichia coli-associated mastitic milk samples had a remarkably distinct bacterial profile, dominated by Enterobacteriaceae, when compared to healthy milk. However, no differences were observed in culture-negative mastitis samples when compared to healthy milk. Antimicrobial treatment had no significant effect on clinical cure, bacteriological cure, pathogen clearance rate or bacterial load.
How types of premises modulate the typicality effect in category-based induction: diverging evidence from the P2, P3, and LPC effects
Authors: Liang Xiuling , Chen Qingfei , Lei Yi , Li Hong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBehavioural studies have indicated that semantic typicality influences processing time and accuracy during the performance of inductive reasoning (i.e., the typicality effect). The present study examines this effect by manipulating the types of premises and conclusions (i.e., general, typical, or atypical) at an electrophysiological level using a semantic category-based induction task. With regard to behavioural results, higher inductive strength was found in typical conclusions in all premise conditions, whereas a longer response time for atypical conclusions was only found in general and typical premise conditions. The ERP results had different response patterns: in the general premise condition, a larger P2, as well as a smaller P3 and LPC (500–600 ms), were elicited by atypical conclusions relative to typical ones; in the typical premise condition, a larger P2 and LPC (600–700 ms) were found for atypical conclusions; in the atypical premise condition, however, only a larger P2 was found for atypical conclusions. The divergent evidence for the typicality effect indicated that the processing of the typicality effect in general, and specific premise conditions, might involve different cognitive processes, such as resource allocation and inference violation, which yielded new insights into the neural underpinnings of the typicality effect in a category-based induction.
The nature of photoinduced phase transition and metastable states in vanadium dioxide
Authors: Tao Zhensheng , Zhou Faran , Han Tzong-Ru T. , Torres David , Wang Tongyu , Sepulveda Nelson , Chang Kiseok , Young Margaret , Lunt Richard R. , Ruan Chong-Yu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPhotoinduced threshold switching processes that lead to bistability and the formation of metastable phases in photoinduced phase transition of VO2 are elucidated through ultrafast electron diffraction and diffusive scattering techniques with varying excitation wavelengths. We uncover two distinct regimes of the dynamical phase change: a nearly instantaneous crossover into an intermediate state and its decay led by lattice instabilities over 10 ps timescales. The structure of this intermediate state is identified to be monoclinic, but more akin to M2 rather than M1 based on structure refinements. The extinction of all major monoclinic features within just a few picoseconds at the above-threshold-level (~20%) photoexcitations and the distinct dynamics in diffusive scattering that represents medium-range atomic fluctuations at two photon wavelengths strongly suggest a density-driven and nonthermal pathway for the initial process of the photoinduced phase transition. These results highlight the critical roles of electron correlations and lattice instabilities in driving and controlling phase transformations far from equilibrium.
Acute kidney injury as a risk factor for diagnostic discrepancy among geriatric patients: a pilot study
Authors: Chao Chia-Ter , Tsai Hung-Bin , Chiang Chih-Kang , Huang Jenq-Wen , Hung Kuan-Yu ,   COGENT study group, Shih Chih-Yuan , Hsu Su-Hsuan , Hung Yu-Chien , Lai Chun-Fu , Chan Derrick Ding-Cheng , Yen Chung-Jen , Chu Tzong-Shinn 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDiagnostic discrepancy, defined as different admission and discharge diagnoses, could be a potential source of diagnostic error. We evaluated whether acute kidney injury (AKI) in the elderly affected their risk for diagnostic discrepancy. Patients aged ≥60 years from the general medical wards were prospectively enrolled and divided according to AKI status upon admission, using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. We compared their discharge and admission diagnoses and identified patients with a diagnostic discrepancy, using multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between initial AKI and the presence of a diagnostic discrepancy. A total of 188 participants (mean age, 77.9 years) were recruited. Regression analysis showed that initial AKI on admission was associated with a higher risk of diagnostic discrepancy upon discharge (odds ratio [OR] 3.3; p < 0.01). In contrast, higher AKI severity was also associated with an increased risk of diagnostic discrepancy (for KDIGO grade 1, 2, and 3; OR 2.92, 3.91, and 4.32; p = 0.04, 0.03, and 0.02, respectively), suggesting that initial AKI upon admission could be an important risk factor for diagnostic discrepancy. Consequently, reducing geriatric AKI might have the potential to reduce diagnostic discrepancy among these patients.
Recent breeding programs enhanced genetic diversity in both desi and kabuli varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Thudi Mahendar , Chitikineni Annapurna , Liu Xin , He Weiming , Roorkiwal Manish , Yang Wei , Jian Jianbo , Doddamani Dadakhalandar , Gaur Pooran M. , Rathore Abhishek , Samineni Srinivasan , Saxena Rachit K. , Xu Dawen , Singh Narendra P. , Chaturvedi Sushil K. , Zhang Gengyun , Wang Jun , Datta Swapan K. , Xu Xun , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn order to understand the impact of breeding on genetic diversity and gain insights into temporal trends in diversity in chickpea, a set of 100 chickpea varieties released in 14 countries between 1948 and 2012 were re-sequenced. For analysis, the re-sequencing data for 29 varieties available from an earlier study was also included. Copy number variations and presence absence variations identified in the present study have potential to drive phenotypic variations for trait improvement. Re-sequencing of a large number of varieties has provided opportunities to inspect the genetic and genomic changes reflecting the history of breeding, which we consider as breeding signatures and the selected loci may provide targets for crop improvement. Our study also reports enhanced diversity in both desi and kabuli varieties as a result of recent chickpea breeding efforts. The current study will aid the explicit efforts to breed for local adaptation in the context of anticipated climate changes.
Lipidomic analysis enables prediction of clinical outcomes in burn patients
Authors: Qi Peter , Abdullahi Abdikarim , Stanojcic Mile , Patsouris David , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecent discoveries have highlighted the novel metabolic functions of adipose tissue in enhancing hypermetabolism after trauma. As the exact function and expression profiles of serum lipids and free fatty acids (FFA) are essentially unknown, we determined the lipidomic expression profile after burn in correlation to clinical outcomes to identify important lipid mediators affecting post-burn outcomes. We conducted a prospective cohort study with 46 adult burn patients and 5 healthy controls at the Ross Tilley Burn Center in Toronto, Canada. Patients were stratified based on major demographic and clinical variables, including age, burn severity, mortality, and sepsis. Serum FFAs and inflammatory markers were measured during acute hospital stay. We found that FFAs were acutely elevated post-burn and returned to baseline over time. Greater burn severity and age were associated with an impaired acute response in unsaturated FFAs and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Elevations in saturated and mono-unsaturated FFAs correlated significantly to increased mortality. In summary, persistent elevation of unsaturated lipids was associated with a functionally altered inflammatory-immunological milieu and worse clinical outcomes. The present lipidomic analysis indicates profound alterations in the lipid profile after burn by characterizing key lipids as potential diagnostic and outcome indicators in critically injured patients.
A Clickable Analogue of Ketamine Retains NMDA Receptor Activity, Psychoactivity, and Accumulates in Neurons
Authors: Emnett Christine , Li Hairong , Jiang Xiaoping , Benz Ann , Boggiano Joseph , Conyers Sara , Wozniak David F. , Zorumski Charles F. , Reichert David E. , Mennerick Steven 
Published: December 2016

AbstractKetamine is a psychotomimetic and antidepressant drug. Although antagonism of cell-surface NMDA receptors (NMDARs) may trigger ketamine’s psychoactive effects, ketamine or its major metabolite norketamine could act intracellularly to produce some behavioral effects. To explore the viability of this latter hypothesis, we examined intracellular accumulation of novel visualizable analogues of ketamine/norketamine. We introduced an alkyne “click” handle into norketamine (alkyne-norketamine, A-NK) at the key nitrogen atom. Ketamine, norketamine, and A-NK, but not A-NK-amide, showed acute and persisting psychoactive effects in mice. This psychoactivity profile paralleled activity of the compounds as NMDAR channel blockers; A-NK-amide was inactive at NMDARs, and norketamine and A-NK were active but ~4-fold less potent than ketamine. We incubated rat hippocampal cells with 10 μM A-NK or A-NK-amide then performed Cu2+ catalyzed cycloaddition of azide-Alexa Fluor 488, which covalently attaches the fluorophore to the alkyne moiety in the compounds. Fluorescent imaging revealed intracellular localization of A-NK but weak A-NK-amide labeling. Accumulation was not dependent on membrane potential, NMDAR expression, or NMDAR activity. Overall, the approach revealed a correlation among NMDAR activity, intracellular accumulation/retention, and behavioral effects. Thus, we advance first generation chemical biology tools to aid in the identification of ketamine targets.
Efficient generation of B2m-null pigs via injection of zygote with TALENs
Authors: Wang Yong , Du Yinan , Zhou Xiaoyang , Wang Lulu , Li Jian , Wang Fengchao , Huang Zhengen , Huang Xingxu , Wei Hong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDonor major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules are the main targets of the host immune response after organ allotransplantation. Whether and how MHC I-deficiency of pig donor tissues affects rejection after xenotransplantation has not been assessed. Beta2-microglobulin (B2M) is indispensable for the assembly of MHC I receptors and therefore provides an effective target to disrupt cell surface MHC I expression. Here, we report the one-step generation of mutant pigs with targeted disruptions in B2m by injection of porcine zygotes with B2m exon 2-specific TALENs. After germline transmission of mutant B2m alleles, we obtained F1 pigs with biallelic B2m frameshift mutations. F1 pigs lacked detectable B2M expression in tissues derived from the three germ layers, and their lymphocytes were devoid of MHC I surface receptors. Skin grafts from B2M deficient pigs exhibited remarkably prolonged survival on xenogeneic wounds compared to tissues of non-mutant littermates. Mutant founder pigs with bi-allelic disruption in B2m and B2M deficient F1 offspring did not display visible abnormalities, suggesting that pigs are tolerant to B2M deficiency. In summary, we show the efficient generation of pigs with germline mutations in B2m, and demonstrate a beneficial effect of donor MHC I-deficiency on xenotransplantation.