bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggregation Behavior of Several Ionic Liquids in Molecular Solvents of Low Polarity—Indication of a Bimodal Distribution
Authors: Cade Elise A. , Petenuci João , Hoffmann Markus M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe structure and dynamics of ion pairing and aggregation is studied by concentration‐ and temperature‐dependent measurements of 1H and 19F self‐diffusion coefficients, viscosity, and conductivity for the following five solutions: 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([Cnmim][NTf2], n=2, 4, 6) in dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), and [C6mim][NTf2] in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl). The temperature dependence of these properties at constant IL concentrations follows the Arrhenius law for all five solutions. The IL‐concentration dependence of the respective activation energies obtained from the Arrhenius analysis is nonlinear in the case of conductivity, but indicates linear relationships for viscosity and self‐diffusion. All five solutions studied display average solute radius maxima as plotted against IL concentration. The maximum average solute radii follow an order of solvents of CHCl3>C6H5Cl>CH2Cl2≈THF, which corresponds to the order of increasing solvent dielectric constant. The observed trends in the physical properties of these solutions indicate the development of a bimodal distribution of solute size with increasing IL concentration. Specifically, the presence of aggregates is supported by the analysis of the conductivity data and the observation of the same self‐diffusion coefficients for the cation and anion. The concurrent presence of freely dissolved ions is supported by the obtained average solute radii that do not exceed the radii of the corresponding ion pairs.
Catalysts Encapsulated in Molecular Machines
Authors: Pan Tiezheng , Liu Junqiu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSmart catalysts offer the control of chemical processes and sequences of transformations, and catalysts with unique catalytic behavior can afford chiral products or promote successive polymerization. To meet advanced demands, the key to constructing smart catalysts is to incorporate traditional catalytic functional groups with trigger‐induced factors. Molecular machines with dynamic properties and particular topological structures have typical stimulus‐responsive features. In recent years, scientists have made efforts to utilize molecular machines (molecular switches, rotaxanes, motors, etc.) as scaffolds to develop smart catalysts. This Minireview focuses on the achievements of developing catalysts encapsulated in molecular machines and their remarkable specialties. This strategy is believed to provide more potential applications in switchable reactions, asymmetric synthesis, and processive catalysis.
Direct Conversion of Cellulose into Ethyl Lactate in Supercritical Ethanol–Water Solutions
Authors: Yang Lisha , Yang Xiaokun , Tian Elli , Lin Hongfei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBiomass‐derived ethyl lactate is a green solvent with a growing market as the replacement for petroleum‐derived toxic organic solvents. Here we report, for the first time, the production of ethyl lactate directly from cellulose with the mesoporous Zr‐SBA‐15 silicate catalyst in a supercritical mixture of ethanol and water. The relatively strong Lewis and weak Brønsted acid sites on the catalyst, as well as the surface hydrophobicity, were beneficial to the reaction and led to synergy during consecutive reactions, such as depolymerization, retro‐aldol condensation, and esterification. Under the optimum reaction conditions, ∼33 % yield of ethyl lactate was produced from cellulose with the Zr‐SBA‐15 catalyst at 260 °C in supercritical 95:5 (w/w) ethanol/water.
Metal‐Free Chemoselective Oxidative Dehomologation or Direct Oxidation of Alcohols: Implication for Biomass Conversion
Authors: Kim Sun Min , Shin Hun Yi , Kim Dong Wan , Yang Jung Woon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA transition metal‐free, chemoselective reaction was performed using the sodium tert‐butoxide–oxygen (NaOtBu–O2) system, resulting in either oxidative dehomologation or direct oxidation of alcohols. In particular, the newly developed protocol may be used to predict the major product formed, which depends on alkyl chain length of the alcohols and reaction conditions. The rational mechanism of this transformation was also demonstrated by performing an 18O isotopic labelling experiment. This protocol presents a straightforward method for biomass conversion of a lignin model compound to phenol and benzoic acid.
Throughput maximization in electromagnetic energy harvesting cognitive radio sensor networks
Authors: Ergul Ozgur , Alagoz Fatih , Akan Ozgur B. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIn the near future, billions of wireless devices are expected to be operational. To enable the required machine to machine communications, two major problems must be addressed. How to obtain the required spectrum efficiency, and how to deliver the required power to these devices. The most promising answers to these questions are cognitive radio and energy harvesting, respectively. Energy harvesting enables deployment of sensors and devices without having to worry about their battery lifetime. Cognitive radio increases the utilization of spectrum by accessing unused spectrum dynamically. Energy harvesting from electromagnetic waves is suitable for these low power, low cost devices used in machine to machine communications because only minimal additional hardware is required for such energy harvesting. With this idea as the starting point, we first present an analysis on how much throughput can be obtained from a cognitive, electromagnetic energy harvesting wireless network. Then, we show when and how cooperation among network nodes may increase performance. We believe that our results will provide insight for the development of future cooperative cognitive energy harvesting networks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Processes of change in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Applied Relaxation for long‐standing pain
Authors: Kemani M.K. , Hesser H. , Olsson G.L. , Lekander M. , Wicksell R.K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of cognitive behavioural (CB) interventions for chronic pain has been supported in numerous studies. This includes Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), which has gained increased empirical support. Previous research suggests that improvements in pain catastrophizing and psychological inflexibility are related to improvements in treatment outcome in this type of treatment. Although a few studies have evaluated processes of change in CB‐interventions, there is a particular need for mediation analyses that use multiple assessments to model change in mediators and outcome over time, and that incorporate the specified timeline between mediator and outcome in the data analytic model.MethodsThis study used session‐to‐session assessments to evaluate if psychological inflexibility, catastrophizing, and pain intensity mediated the effects of treatment on pain interference. Analyses were based on data from a previously conducted randomized controlled trial (n = 60) evaluating the efficacy of ACT and Applied Relaxation (AR). A moderated mediation model based on linear mixed models was used to analyse the data.ResultsNeither catastrophizing nor pain intensity mediated changes in pain interference for any of the treatments. In contrast, psychological inflexibility mediated effects on outcome in ACT but not in AR.ConclusionsResults add to previous findings illustrating the role of psychological inflexibility as a mediator in ACT.
The in vitro mechanisms and in vivo efficacy of intravenous lidocaine on the neuroinflammatory response in acute and chronic pain
Authors: van der Wal S.E.I. , van den Heuvel S.A.S. , Radema S.A. , van Berkum B.F.M. , Vaneker M. , Steegers M.A.H. , Scheffer G.J. , Vissers K.C.P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe neuroinflammatory response plays a key role in several pain syndromes. Intravenous (iv) lidocaine is beneficial in acute and chronic pain. This review delineates the current literature concerning in vitro mechanisms and in vivo efficacy of iv lidocaine on the neuroinflammatory response in acute and chronic pain.Databases and data treatmentWe searched PUBMED and the Cochrane Library for in vitro and in vivo studies from July 1975 to August 2014. In vitro articles providing an explanation for the mechanisms of action of lidocaine on the neuroinflammatory response in pain were included. Animal or clinical studies were included concerning iv lidocaine for acute or chronic pain or during inflammation.ResultsEighty‐eight articles regarding iv lidocaine were included: 36 in vitro studies evaluating the effect on ion channels and receptors; 31 animal studies concerning acute and chronic pain and inflammatory models; 21 clinical studies concerning acute and chronic pain.Low‐dose lidocaine inhibits in vitro voltage‐gated sodium channels, the glycinergic system, some potassium channels and Gαq‐coupled protein receptors. Higher lidocaine concentrations block potassium and calcium channels, and NMDA receptors. Animal studies demonstrate lidocaine to have analgesic effects in acute and neuropathic pain syndromes and anti‐inflammatory effects early in the inflammatory response. Clinical studies demonstrate lidocaine to have advantage in abdominal surgery and in some neuropathic pain syndromes.ConclusionsIntravenous lidocaine has analgesic, anti‐inflammatory and antihyperalgesic properties mediated by an inhibitory effect on ion channels and receptors. It attenuates the neuroinflammatory response in perioperative pain and chronic neuropathic pain.
Dynamic weight bearing as a non‐reflexive method for the measurement of abdominal pain in mice
Authors: Laux‐Biehlmann A. , Boyken J. , Dahllöf H. , Schmidt N. , Zollner T.M. , Nagel J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundChronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a high burden for patients and society. It affects 15–24% of women in reproductive age and is an area of high unmet medical need. CPP can be caused by a wide range of visceral diseases such as abdominal infections, gastrointestinal or gynaecological diseases like endometriosis. Despite the high medical need for this condition, pharmacological approaches are hampered by the limited number of available methods for the behavioural evaluation of pain in inflammation‐driven animal models of pelvic pain.MethodsThe dynamic weight bearing (DWB) system was used for the evaluation of spontaneous behaviour changes in the zymosan‐induced peritonitis mouse model. Inflammatory mediator levels were evaluated in peritoneal lavage and their correlation with the behavioural endpoints was assessed. We evaluated the effect on behavioural endpoints of the selective cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitor celecoxib and the Nav1.8 blocker A‐803467.ResultsThe presence of a relief posture, characterized by a significantly increased weight distribution towards the front paws, was observed following intraperitoneal injection of zymosan. A positive correlation was detected between PGE2 levels in the peritoneal lavage and DWB endpoints. In addition, zymosan‐induced weight bearing changes were reverted by celecoxib and A‐803467.ConclusionsThis study described for the first time the use of DWB as a non‐subjective and non‐reflexive method for the evaluation of inflammatory‐driven abdominal pain in a mouse model.
Experimental pain impairs recognition memory irrespective of pain predictability
Authors: Forkmann K. , Schmidt K. , Schultz H. , Sommer T. , Bingel U. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundPain is hardwired to signal threat and tissue damage and therefore automatically attracts attention to initiate withdrawal or defensive behaviour. This well‐known interruptive function of pain interferes with cognitive functioning and is modulated by bottom‐up and top‐down variables. Here, we applied predictable or unpredictable painful heat stimuli simultaneously to the presentation of neutral images to investigate (I) whether the predictability of pain modulated its effect on the encoding of images (episodic memory) and (II) whether subjects remember that certain images have been previously presented with pain (source memory).MethodsTwenty‐four healthy subjects performed a categorization task in which 80 images had to be categorized into living or non‐living objects. We compared the processing and encoding of these images during cued and non‐cued pain trials as well as cued and non‐cued pain‐free trials. Effects on recognition performance and source memory for pain were immediately tested using a surprise recognition task.ResultsPainful thermal stimulation impaired recognition accuracy (d′, recollection, familiarity). This negative effect of pain was positively correlated with the individual expectation of pain interference and the attentional avoidance of pain‐related words. However, the interruptive effect of pain was not modulated by the predictability of pain. Source memory for painful stimulation was at chance level, indicating that subjects did not explicitly remember that images had been paired with pain.ConclusionsTargeting negative expectations and a maladaptive attentional bias for pain‐related material might help reducing frequently reported pain‐induced cognitive impairments.
Combined non‐pharmacological interventions for newborn pain relief in two degrees of pain procedures: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Leng H.‐Y. , Zheng X.‐L. , Zhang X.‐H. , He H.‐Y. , Tu G.‐F. , Fu Q. , Shi S.‐N. , Yan L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundNon‐pharmacological interventions are effective neonatal pain reduction strategies. We aimed to study the effects of non‐nutritive sucking (NNS) and swaddling on infants' behavioural and physiological parameters during shallow or deep heel stick procedures.MethodIn this prospective, multi‐centred, randomized controlled clinical trial, we enrolled 671 newborns. The infants undergoing shallow or deep heel stick procedures were randomized into four groups: oral sucrose (routine care, group S), oral sucrose combined with NNS (group NS), oral sucrose combined with swaddling (group SS) and oral sucrose combined with NNS and swaddling (group NSS). The behavioural responses were evaluated by the Revised Neonatal Facial Coding System and the physiological signals were monitored by electrocardiogram monitors.ResultsA significant synergistic analgesic effect was observed between the NS and SS groups in both the shallow (F = 5.952, p = 0.015) and deep heel stick (F = 7.452, p = 0.007) procedure. NSS group exhibited the lowest pain score. For the deep heel stick procedure, the NS group had a significantly lower increase in heart rate (HR)% and decrease in SPO2% than the S group (F = 17.540, p = 0.000, F = 10.472, p = 0.001), while this difference was not observed in the shallow heel stick procedure. No difference was found between the S and SS groups, in terms of different physiological parameters.ConclusionNon‐nutritive sucking and swaddling had synergistic effects on pain relief when used with oral sucrose. For the deep heel stick procedure, oral sucrose combined with NNS and swaddling provided the best pain relief effect. For the shallow heel stick procedure, addition of NNS and swaddling did not improve the effects.
Electrode Based on Nickel‐containing SBA‐15 for the Determination of Copper in Ethanol Biofuel
Authors: Neto Sakae Y. , Viégas Helmara D. C. , Almeida Joseany M. S. , Cavalheiro Eder T. G. , Araújo Antonio S. , Marques Edmar P. , Marques Aldaléa L. B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA sensor based in a graphite–polyurethane composite electrode modified with the mesoporous nanostructured silica with hexagonal array of pores called Santa Barbara Amorphous type material (SBA‐15) containing nickel was built. The presence of Ni, incorporated during the synthesis of SBA‐15, resulted in an increase in sensitivity when compared to the other electrodes based on the unmodified SBA‐15. A procedure was proposed for the determination of Cu2+ in ethanol biofuel by square wave stripping voltammetry with linear response in concentration levels of 1.0×10−8 and 1.0×10−7 mol L−1, resulting in a limit of detection of 1.83×10−10 mol L−1 and precision (RSD) of 2.09 %.
Determination of DNA Hypermethylation Using Anti‐cancer Drug‐Temozolomide
Authors: Topkaya Seda Nur , Serindere Gokçe , Ozder Melike 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn electrochemical drug‐DNA biosensor was developed for the detection of interaction between the anti‐cancer drug, Temozolomide (TMZ), and DNA sequences by using Differential Pulse Voltammetry at the graphite electrode surfaces. TMZ is a pro‐drug and an alkylating agent that crosses the blood‐brain barrier, so it is mainly used for brain cancers treatment. In this study, we aim to develop a‐proof‐of‐concept study to investigate the effect of TMZ on formerly methylated DNA sequences since TMZ shows its anti‐cancer activity by methylating the DNA. Interaction between TMZ and DNA causes localized distortion of DNA away from an idealized B‐form, resulting in a wider major groove and greater steric accessibility of functional groups in the base of the groove. According to the results, TMZ behaves as a ‘hybridization indicator’ because of its different electrochemical behavior to different strands of DNA. After interaction with TMZ, hybrid (double stranded DNA‐dsDNA) signals decreased dramatically whereas probe (single stranded DNA‐ssDNA) and control signals remain almost unchanged. The signal differences enabled us to distinguish ssDNA and dsDNA without using a label or tag. It is the first study to demonstrate the interaction between the TMZ and dsDNA created from probe and target. We use specific oligonucleotides sequences instead of using long dsDNA sequences.
Materials for Advanced Ultra‐Supercritical Fossil‐Fuel Power Plants: Materials Properties, Microstructure, and Component Behavior
Authors: Speicher Magdalena , Hueggenberg Daniel , Klenk Andreas , Zickler Stefan , Metzger Klaus 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPiping and components made of nickel alloys under plant specific loading conditions were tested to ensure the feasibility of high‐efficiency ultra‐supercritical coal‐fired power plants by using the test loop HWT II system (Hochtemperatur‐Werkstoff‐Teststrecke) installed in the fossil power plant GKM in Mannheim, Germany. The performance of the materials and the applicability of advanced numerical simulations for the lifetime assessment of components were performed. The results of materials investigations on Alloy 617 mod., Alloy 263, and their welded joints as well as numerical simulations for selected components under static and cyclic loading are presented.
Antioxidant activity and phenolic profiles of the wild currantRibes magellanicumfrom Chilean and Argentinean Patagonia
Authors: Jiménez‐Aspee Felipe , Thomas‐Valdés Samanta , Schulz Ayla , Ladio Ana , Theoduloz Cristina , Schmeda‐Hirschmann Guillermo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Patagonian currantRibes magellanicumis highly valued due to its pleasant flavor and sweet taste. The aim of this study was to characterize its constituents and to assess their antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. For the fruit phenolic‐enriched extract (PEE), total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), and antioxidant activity (DPPH, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC)) were determined. Argentinean samples presented better activity in theDPPHandFRAPassays. Best cytoprotection against oxidative stress induced by H2O2inAGScells was found in one Argentinean sample at 500 μg mL−1(65.7%).HPLC MS/MSanalysis allowed the tentative identification of 59 constituents, including eight anthocyanins, 11 conjugates of caffeic‐, ferulic‐, and coumaric acid, and 38 flavonoids, most of them quercetin and kaempferol derivatives. Argentinean samples showed a more complex pattern of anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA), and flavonoids. Cyanidin rhamnoside hexoside and cyanidin hexoside were the main anthocyanins, accounting for 35 and 55% for the Argentinean and 60 and 27% for the ripe Chilean fruits.HCAcontent was about three times higher in Argentinean samples. The phenolic profiles of Chilean and ArgentineanRibes magellanicumshow remarkable differences in chemical composition with higherHCAand flavonoid content in Argentinean samples.
Estimation and Hedging Effectiveness of Time‐Varying Hedge Ratio: Nonparametric Approaches
Authors: Fan Rui , Li Haiqi , Park Sung Y. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMany studies have estimated the optimal time‐varying hedge ratio using futures, with most employing a bivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (BGARCH) model or a random coefficient model to estimate the time‐varying hedge ratio. However, it has been argued that when the variability of the estimated time‐varying hedge ratio is large, this ratio's hedging performance is not as good as that of the unconditional (constant) hedge ratio. This study proposes a nonparametric estimation approach to estimate and evaluate the optimal conditional hedge ratio. This method produces a time‐varying hedge ratio with less volatility than those obtained from the BGARCH and random coefficient models. We evaluate the hedging performance of the various models using soybean oil, corn, S&P 500, and Hang Seng futures indices. The empirical results support the proposed nonparametric approach in terms of both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample performance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 36:968–991, 2016
Long‐term exposure to high levels of decabrominated diphenyl ether inhibits CD4 T‐cell functions in C57Bl/6 mice
Authors: Feng Yan , Zeng Weihong , Wang Ying , Shen Hao , Wang Yan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn recent years, the adverse health effects of decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE‐209) have raised more concerns as a growing number of studies reported its persistence in the environment and abundance in the human population, especially in occupational environmental compartments and exposed personnel. This study applies our previous animal model simulating occupational exposure to BDE‐209 to investigate its potential adverse effects on CD4 T cells. Female C57Bl/6 mice were orally gavaged with BDE‐209 at a dose of 800 mg kg−1 every 2 days for 10 months and the blood of each mouse was collected for analysis. Kinetic changes of the peripheral immune system were investigated from 1 to 5 months of exposure. The chronic effects on cytokine production, proliferation and the antigen‐specific responses of CD4 T cells were evaluated at 7, 9 and 10 months, respectively. The results have shown that impaired proliferation and cytokine (IFN‐γ, IL‐2 or TNF‐α) production of CD4 T cells were observed in BDE‐209‐exposed mice, accompanied by increased T regulatory cells in the blood. BDE‐209 exposure in vitro also suppressed the reactivity of CD4 T cells at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM. Furthermore, we observed weaker antigen‐specific CD4 T‐cell responses to Listeria monocytogenes infection in the mice exposed to BDE‐209, suggesting decreased resistance to exogenous pathogens. Taken together, these observations indicate an impaired cellular immunity after long‐term and relative high‐dose exposure to BDE‐209 in adult mice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.