bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of VEGF-A in angiogenesis promoted by umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: in vitro study
Authors: Arutyunyan Irina , Fatkhudinov Timur , Kananykhina Evgeniya , Usman Natalia , Elchaninov Andrey , Makarov Andrey , Bolshakova Galina , Goldshtein Dmitry , Sukhikh Gennady 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells derived from human umbilical cord (UC-MSCs) uniquely combine properties of embryonic and postnatal MSCs and may be the most acceptable, safe, and effective source for allogeneic cell therapy e.g. for therapeutic angiogenesis. In this report we describe pro-angiogenic properties of UC-MSCs as manifested in vitro.

Methods
UC-MSCs were isolated from human Wharton’s jelly by enzymatic digestion. Presence of soluble forms of VEGF-A in UC-MSC-conditioned media was measured by ELISA. Effects of the conditioned media on human umbilical vein-derived endothelial EA.hy926 cells proliferation were measured by MTT-assay; changes in cell motility and directed migration were assessed by scratch wound healing and transwell chamber migration assays. Angiogenesis was modeled in vitro as tube formation on basement membrane matrix. Progressive differentiation of MSCs to endothelioid progeny was assessed by CD31 immunostaining.

Results
Although no detectable quantities of soluble VEGF-A were produced by UC-MSCs, the culture medium, conditioned by the UC-MSCs, effectively stimulated proliferation, motility, and directed migration of EA.hy926 cells. In 2D culture, UC-MSCs were able to acquire CD31+ endothelial cell-like phenotype when stimulated by EA.hy926-conditioned media supplemented with VEGF-A165. UC-MSCs were capable of forming unstable 2D tubular networks either by themselves or in combinations with EA.hy926 cells. Active spontaneous sprouting from cell clusters, resulting from disassembling of such networks, was observed only in the mixed cultures, not in pure UC-MSC cultures. In 3D mode of sprouting experimentation, structural support of newly formed capillary-like structures was provided by UC-MSCs that acquired the CD31+ phenotype in the absence of exogenous VEGF-A.

Conclusion
These data suggest that a VEGF-A-independent paracrine mechanism and at least partially VEGF-A-independent differentiation mechanism are involved in the pro-angiogenic activity of UC-MSCs.
Fixed point and periodic point results for α-type F-contractions in modular metric spaces
Authors: Padcharoen Anantachai , Gopal Dhananjay , Chaipunya Parin , Kumam Poom 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMotivated by Gopal et al. (Acta Math. Sci. 36B(3):1-14, 2016). We introduce the notion of α-type F-contraction in the setting of modular metric spaces which is independent from one given in (Hussain et al. in Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2015:158, 2015). Further, we establish some fixed point and periodic point results for such contraction. The obtained results encompass various generalizations of the Banach contraction principle and others.
Comparative Effectiveness of Home Dialysis Therapies: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Nesrallah Gihad E. , Li Lihua , Suri Rita S. 
Published: March 2016

Background: Home dialysis is being increasingly promoted among patients with end-stage renal disease, but the comparative effectiveness of home hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis is unknown. Objective: To determine whether patients receiving home daily hemodialysis have reduced mortality risk compared with matched patients receiving home peritoneal dialysis. Design: This study is an observational, propensity-matched, new-user cohort study. Setting: Linked electronic data were from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) and a large dialysis provider's database. Patients: The patients were adults receiving in-center hemodialysis in the USA between 2004 and 2011 and registered in the USRDS. Measurements: Baseline comorbidities, demographics, and outcomes for both groups were ascertained from the United States Renal Data System. Methods: We identified 3142 consecutive adult patients initiating home daily hemodialysis (≥5 days/week for ≥1.5 h/day) and matched 2688 of them by propensity score to 2688 contemporaneous US patients initiating home peritoneal dialysis. We used Cox regression to compare all-cause mortality between groups. Results: After matching, the two groups were well balanced on all baseline characteristics. Mean age was 51 years, 66 % were male, 72 % were white, and 29 % had diabetes. During 10,221 patient-years of follow-up, 1493/5336 patients died. There were significantly fewer deaths among patients receiving home daily hemodialysis than those receiving peritoneal dialysis (12.7 vs 16.7 deaths per 100 patient-years, respectively; hazard ratio (HR) 0.75; 95 % CI 0.68–0.82; p < 0.001). Similar results were noted with several different analytic methods and for all pre-specified subgroups. Limitations: We cannot exclude residual confounding in this observational study. Conclusions: Home daily hemodialysis was associated with lower mortality risk than home peritoneal dialysis.
Uterine natural killer cell partnerships in early mouse decidua basalis
Authors: Felker Allison M , Croy B Anne 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The decidua basalis of developing mouse implantation sites is highly enriched in CD45+ leukocytes. In intact, syngeneically mated C57BL/6 decidua basalis examined at gestation day 8.5 by whole-mount in situ immunohistochemistry, leukocyte, but not trophoblast, conjugations were reported. Nothing is known regarding time course, frequency, composition, or importance of physiologic decidual CD45+ cell pairing. In this study, we confirmed the presence of anti-CD54+/anti-CD11a+ immune synapses in CD45+ decidual cell conjugates and characterized their cellular heterogeneity. Conjugated cell pairs were virtually absent before implantation (virgin and gestation days 3.5 and 4.5), were infrequent at gestation day 5.5, but involved 19% of all CD45+ cells by gestation day 8.5, then declined. By gestation day 8.5, almost all CD45+ cells coexpressed CD31, and 2 CD45+CD31+ cells composed most conjugates. Conjugation partners were defined for 2 nonoverlapping uterine natural killer cell subsets (Ly49C/I +/Dolichos biflorus agglutinin lectin− and Ly49C/I−/Dolichos biflorus agglutinin lectin+). Ly49C/I+ uterine natural killer cells were the major subset from before mating up to gestation day 6.5. At gestation day 5.5/6.5, uterine natural killer cell conjugates involving Ly49C/I + cells were more abundant. By gestation day 8.5/9.5, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin lectin+ uterine natural killer cells were the dominant subset with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin lectin+/Dolichos biflorus agglutinin lectin+ homologous conjugates and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin lectin+/Dolichos biflorus agglutinin lectin− heterologous conjugates dominating uterine natural killer cell pairings. At gestation day 6.5, both Ly49C/I+/CD45+ and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin lectin+/CD45+ heterologous conjugate pairs strongly engaged antigen-presenting cells (CD11c+, CD68+, or major histocompatibility complex class II+). By gestation day 8.5, dominant partners of Ly49C/I+/CD45+ and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin lectin+/CD45+ heterologous conjugates are T cells (CD8+ &gt;CD4+). Heterologous conjugates that did not involve uterine natural killer cells occurred but did not suggest antigen presentation to T cells. These data identify gestation day 6.5–8.5 in the pregnant mouse as a critical window for leukocyte interactions that may establish immune regulation within implantation sites.
Modifiable Factors Associated With Aging Phenotypes Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Wilson Carmen L. , Chemaitilly Wassim , Jones Kendra E. , Kaste Sue C. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Ojha Rohit P. , Yasui Yutaka , Pui Ching-Hon , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Ness Kirsten K. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk for low bone mineral density (BMD) and frail health, outcomes potentially modifiable by altering health behaviors and/or treating endocrine abnormalities. We evaluated associations between lifestyle and hormonal deficits with risk of low BMD and frailty among survivors of ALL. Patients and Methods Participants included 862 survivors of ALL (median age, 31.3 years [range, 18.4 to 59.7 years]) enrolled in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort study. Bone density was measured using quantitative computed tomography of L1 through L2 vertebrae; low BMD was defined as an age- and sex-standardized z score < −1. The presence of frailty or prefrailty was defined as having at least two of the following: low muscle mass, self-reported exhaustion, low energy expenditure, slow walking speed, and weakness. Hormonal deficiencies were determined according to medical history, medications, and laboratory findings (insulin-like growth factor 1, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone levels). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, and activity levels) and deficiencies in growth hormone (GHD) and/or sex steroids with low BMD and frailty. Results Thirty percent of survivors met criteria for low BMD, and 18.6% for frailty/prefrailty. After adjusting for body mass index, low BMD was associated with GHD (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.13) and current smoking (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.85) among men; and GHD (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.26 to 3.78) and moderate alcohol consumption (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.14 to 3.83) among women. After adjusting for current age, the odds of frailty/prefrailty were increased among men with GHD (OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.56 to 5.67) and those who smoked (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.65 to 6.43); there were no significant associations among women. Conclusion The findings suggest that survivors of ALL should receive counseling regarding lifestyle and undergo screening for hormonal deficits to minimize the risk of low BMD and frailty.
Optimizing Treatment Risk and Benefit for Elderly Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Right Treatment for the Right Patient
Authors: Presley Carolyn J. , Gross Cary P. , Lilenbaum Rogerio C. 
Published: March 2016

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. A 78-year-old woman with a 40-pack-year smoking history has been referred for treatment of advanced non–small-cell lung cancer. She presented with a persistent cough and worsening dyspnea on exertion. A chest x-ray followed by a chest computed tomography scan revealed a 3-cm right upper lobe mass along with a moderate-size pleural effusion. Pleural fluid cytology was positive for adenocarcinoma. A brain magnetic resonance imaging scan was negative. A reflex molecular profile, including KRAS, EGFR, ALK, BRAF, HER2, RET, MET, and ROS, did not reveal an actionable abnormality. Her past medical history includes diabetes, hypertension, and osteopenia. Her medications include a β-blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, oral antidiabetic agent, calcium, and vitamin D. The laboratory evaluation is notable for a hemoglobin of 10.8 g/dL and a creatinine clearance of 36 mL/min. The other laboratories are within normal limits. She is somewhat limited by the shortness of breath but maintains an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 1. She is independent in all of her instrumental and basic activities of daily living and denies falls. She has been referred to discuss treatment options.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Adverse Outcomes Among Childhood Cancer Survivors: The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Liu Qi , Leisenring Wendy M. , Ness Kirsten K. , Robison Leslie L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Yasui Yutaka , Bhatia Smita 
Published: March 2016

Purpose Childhood cancer survivors carry a high burden of treatment-related morbidity; however, race/ethnicity–specific risks of adverse outcomes are not well understood. Methods Data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, a cohort of survivors of at least 5 years, were used to compare Hispanic (n = 750, 5.4%) and non-Hispanic black (NHB: n = 694, 5.0%) survivors to non-Hispanic white patients (NHW: n = 12,397, 89.6%) for late mortality, subsequent neoplasms, and chronic health conditions. Results NHBs and Hispanics reported lower socioeconomic status (SES) and higher prevalence of obesity, and NHBs reported higher prevalence of hypertension. NHBs had higher rate of all-cause mortality (relative rate [RR], 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.9; P = .008), which was abrogated (RR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.8 to 1.4; P = .9) after adjusting for SES. Nonmelanoma skin cancer was not observed among irradiated NHBs, and the risk was lower among Hispanic survivors (RR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.7) compared with NHWs. Both NHBs and Hispanics demonstrated elevated risks for diabetes; these risks persisted after adjusting for SES and obesity (NHBs: RR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 6.7; Hispanics: RR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5 to 6.4). NHBs were more likely to report cardiac conditions (RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.7), but the risk was attenuated after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors. Therapeutic exposures did not affect racial/ethnic differences in mortality (all cause or cause specific), chronic health conditions, or subsequent neoplasms. Conclusion By and large, NHB and Hispanic childhood cancer survivors experience a comparable burden of morbidity and mortality to their NHW counterparts. The few differences in risk were explained by the racial/ethnic differences in socioeconomic status and/or cardiovascular risk factors.
Intrathecal Hydromorphone and Morphine for Postcesarean Delivery Analgesia: Determination of the ED90 Using a Sequential Allocation Biased-Coin Method
Authors: Sviggum Hans P. , Arendt Katherine W. , Jacob Adam K. , Niesen Adam D. , Johnson Rebecca L. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Tien Michael , Mantilla Carlos B. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:
Intrathecal (IT) morphine is considered the “gold standard” for analgesia after cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia, most commonly administered at a dose of 100 to 200 μg. There is less experience with IT hydromorphone for postcesarean analgesia and limited information on its optimal analgesic dose. We conducted this study to determine the effective analgesic dose for 90% patients (ED90) of IT hydromorphone that provides effective analgesia for women undergoing elective cesarean delivery and its potency ratio to IT morphine.

METHODS:
In this dose-finding trial, 80 patients received spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Participants were randomized to receive IT morphine or IT hydromorphone at a dose determined using up–down sequential allocation with a biased-coin design to determine ED90. All patients received standardized multimodal analgesia postoperatively in addition to IT opioid. An effective dose was defined as a numeric response score for pain of ≤3 (scale 0–10) 12 hours after spinal injection.

RESULTS:
The ED90 was 75 μg (95% confidence interval [CI], 46–93 μg) for IT hydromorphone and 150 μg (95% CI, 145–185 μg) for IT morphine. At these doses, the 95% CI for the percentage of patients with effective analgesia (numeric rating scale ≤3) was 64% to 100% for hydromorphone and 68% to 100% for morphine. Exploratory findings showed that the incidence of nausea and pruritus was not different among the most commonly used doses of IT hydromorphone (P = 0.44 and P = 0.74) or IT morphine (P = 0.67 and P = 0.38, respectively). When administering IT opioids at ED90 doses or higher, 100% (21/21) of IT hydromorphone and 95% (37/39) of IT morphine patients were satisfied with their analgesia.

CONCLUSIONS:
The ratio of IT morphine to IT hydromorphone for effective postcesarean analgesia is 2:1. Patient satisfaction was high with both medications.
Sevoflurane Inhibits Glutamate-Aspartate Transporter and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expression in Hippocampal Astrocytes of Neonatal Rats Through the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) Pathway
Authors: Wang Wei , Lu Rui , Feng Da-yun , Zhang Hui 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:
The mechanisms underlying general anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity are unclear. Astrocytes have been recognized as important contributors to neuronal development. Until now, the response of the astrocytes to neonatal general anesthetic exposure has been unreported.

METHODS:
Postnatal day 7 rats received 2.5% sevoflurane for 6 hours. Expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) and phosphorylation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway were detected on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after sevoflurane inhalation. In addition, cultured astrocytes were exposed to 2.5% sevoflurane for 2 hours and GFAP, GLAST expressions, and JAK/STAT phosphorylation were evaluated. Furthermore, we pharmacologically disrupted JAK/STAT signaling in vivo by treatment with the JAK/STAT inhibitor AG490 and in vitro by treatment with JAK inhibitor I to detect the consequent expression of GFAP and GLAST.

RESULTS:
Sevoflurane induced a robust decrease of GFAP and GLAST expression in hippocampal tissue compared with sham control groups at 1 to 14 days after sevoflurane exposure. Immunohistochemistry showed colocalization of GFAP, GLAST, and pSTAT3 in the hippocampal CA1 region. Western blot analysis also revealed a significant decrease of pJAK1, pJAK2, and pSTAT3 in the sevoflurane group. In vitro study showed that GFAP, GLAST, pJAK1, pJAK2, and pSTAT3 expressions in cultured astrocytes were remarkably decreased at 24 to 48 hours after sevoflurane treatment. Either AG490 or JAK inhibitor I significantly decreased expressions of GFAP and GLAST in hippocampus or cultured astrocytes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Astrocytic GLAST was inhibited by sevoflurane in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Inactivation of the JAK/STAT pathway possibly contributes to this effect of sevoflurane. Astrocytic dysfunction induced by sevoflurane may contribute to its neurotoxicity in the developing brain.
The Russian Civil and Cultural Identity of Student´s Youth As a Basis of Harmonization of the Relations in Multinational Society
Authors: Батарчук  , Batarchuk D. 
Published: March 2016

The аrticle is devoted to a social and psychological problem of development of the Russian civil and cultural identity of student’s youth in the conditions of the
multinational educational environment. The article gives the description of specifi cs and the analysis of model of development of the Russian civil and cultural
identity and the organizational set tasks. The interrelation between the level of the Russian civil and cultural identity and characteristic individual manifestations
of student’s youth is revealed.
It is defi ned that formation of the Russian civil and cultural identity of youth in the conditions of multinational Russia is operated by means of the accounting
of certain factors and creation of the corresponding psychology and pedagogical conditions. The attention in research is paid to the most eff ective psychology
and pedagogical conditions; ways, methods and means at various stages of formation of the Russian civil and cultural identity are defi ned. In the article the
necessity to be based on the principles as requirements to activity of the subject at the organization of complex research of system of development of the
personality in the conditions of a modern ethnic variety of the Russian society is staticized.
Judgment Extremity and Accuracy Under Epistemic vs. Aleatory Uncertainty
Authors: Tannenbaum David , Fox Craig R. , Ülkümen Gülden 
Published: March 2016

People view uncertain events as knowable in principle (epistemic uncertainty), as fundamentally random (aleatory uncertainty), or as some mixture of the two. We show that people make more extreme probability judgments (i.e., closer to 0 or 1) for events they view as entailing more epistemic uncertainty and less aleatory uncertainty. We demonstrate this pattern in a domain where there is agreement concerning the balance of evidence (pairings of teams according to their seed in a basketball tournament) but individual differences in the perception of the epistemicness/aleatoriness of that domain (Study 1), across a range of domains that vary in their perceived epistemicness/aleatoriness (Study 2), in a single judgment task for which we only vary the degree of randomness with which events are selected (Study 3), and when we prime participants to see events as more epistemic or aleatory (Study 4). Decomposition of accuracy scores suggests that the greater judgment extremity of more epistemic events can manifest itself as a trade-off between enhanced resolution and diminished calibration. We further relate our findings to the hard–easy effect and also show that differences between epistemic and aleatory judgment are amplified when judges have more knowledge concerning relevant events. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2344 . This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
A change for the better? Measuring improvements in upgraded alternating-pressure air mattresses
Authors: Rithalia S.V.S. , Heath G.H. 
Published: March 2016

This study used measurements of interface pressure over time (the pressure relief index) to investigate improvements made to two alternating-pressure air mattresses. Two older models, the Nimbus 2 (Huntleigh Technology) and Pegasus Airwave (Pegasus Egerton), were compared with two new versions, the Nimbus 3 and Cairwave systems, respectively. Pressure relief was improved in seven out of 12 areas in the Nimbus 3 system, and in four out of 12 areas in the Cairwave. Significant differences in pressure relief index measurements at the heel between the Nimbus 3 and Cairwave products may explain the former's better clinical outcomes in this area, but superior pressure relief index performance at the sacrum did not predict better clinical outcomes. Therefore, different levels of pressure relief may be needed at different body sites. Individual practitioners must decide whether these improvements merit list price increases of 11% and 15%, respectively, and whether other features justify a 20% price difference between the two new systems.
A Note on Multilevel Based Error Estimation
Authors: Harbrecht Helmut , Schneider Reinhold 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
By employing the infinite multilevel representation of
the residual, we derive computable bounds to estimate
the distance of finite element approximations to the
solution of the Poisson equation. If the finite element
approximation is a Galerkin solution, the derived error
estimator coincides with the standard element and edge based estimator.
If Galerkin orthogonality is not satisfied,
then the discrete residual additionally appears in terms of
the BPX preconditioner. As a by-product of the present
analysis, conditions are derived such that the hierarchical
error estimation is reliable and efficient.