bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent and adolescent perspectives on family problems during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Implications for family resilience
Authors: Allen Katherine R. , Crossler Robert E. , Bélanger France , Resor Jessica , Kissel Heather A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo understand how parents and adolescents perceive the major family problems they faced during a global pandemic, focusing on implications for family resilience.BackgroundFamilies are challenged by the upheaval in contemporary life due to a global health pandemic and unrelenting changes to work, school, civic, and home routines. Family resilience theory guided our understanding of how families perceive and understand the problems they faced during a major disruption in their lives.MethodA diverse sample of parent–adolescent pairs was surveyed at two points in time. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze open‐ended questions asking about family members' perceptions of the major problems they faced as a family during the pandemic.ResultsMost participants reported a major family problem during the pandemic (e.g., unemployment, online learning, isolation, fear of COVID‐19), with financial issues being the most prevalent problem. Parents were more likely to identify a major family tension, compared with adolescents, who were more likely to say they were unaware of any major family problems.ConclusionParents and adolescents reported substantial family stress and tension, especially around financial strain and social isolation, indicating their heightened awareness of the new risks they were facing. Both parents and adolescents also described a willingness to pull together on behalf of family well‐being and adaptation.ImplicationsSupport mechanisms through public policy and from family life practitioners can help families navigate pandemic‐related stressors, assess adverse events in adolescence, promote new pathways in navigating disrupted routines, and enhance family resilience.
Nonstationary Characteristics of Structural Response and Fatigue Life Calculation Under Base Stationary Excitation
Authors: Wang Jie , Chen Huaihai 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWhen a structure is randomly excited by its installation base, significant vibration stress may be caused within it, thus causing damage to the structure. The authors find in the vibration fatigue test that when the notched slender beam specimen is excited by stationary Gaussian random base movement, the measured acceleration response and strain response of the specimen have obvious nonstationary characteristics. The vibration responses of the specimen under Gaussian and non‐Gaussian random base excitations are calculated by the finite element method and corresponding vibration fatigue tests were completed. The nonstationary characteristics of the responses from calculations and experiments are analyzed. Finally, a method for calculating the fatigue life of the specimen under nonstationary response is given, and the calculated results are compared with the measured data. The results indicate that the method proposed in this article performed excellent calculation fatigue life with measured strain data.
Microstructural Anisotropy, Mechanical Properties, and Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of AA2050‐T84 Alloy
Authors: Tufan Begüm Ata , Kibar Alp Aykut , Gürbüz Rıza 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on characterizing the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA2050‐T84 alloy produced in two different thicknesses, 20 and 130 mm. A comparative analysis between the two thicknesses aims to understand how the rolling operation for achieving thin plates influences the alloy's microstructure and overall mechanical performance. Microstructural analyses showed a highly anisotropic grain structure and preferred crystallographic orientation in the 20‐mm‐thick plate, causing anisotropic tensile properties. Also, a significant fatigue crack deviation was observed for the 20‐mm‐thick plate during fatigue crack growth tests due to its microstructure. This result was attributed to the microcrack formations perpendicular to the crack growth direction and slip bands at the intermediate ΔK, when the loading was parallel to the rolling direction. The findings from this study offer critical insights into how the rolling operation for achieving thin plates influences the microstructure and overall performance of the alloy.
Response of Root Respiration to Warming and Nitrogen Addition Depends on Tree Species
Authors: Muratore T. J. , Knorr M. A. , Simpson M. J. , Stephens R. B. , Phillips R. P. , Frey S. D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRoots contribute a large fraction of CO2 efflux from soils, yet the extent to which global change factors affect root‐derived fluxes is poorly understood. We investigated how red maple (Acer rubrum) and red oak (Quercus rubra) root biomass and respiration respond to long‐term (15 years) soil warming, nitrogen addition, or their combination in a temperate forest. We found that ecosystem root respiration was decreased by 40% under both single‐factor treatments (nitrogen addition or warming) but not under their combination (heated × nitrogen). This response was driven by the reduction of mass‐specific root respiration under warming and a reduction in maple root biomass in both single‐factor treatments. Mass‐specific root respiration rates for both species acclimated to soil warming, resulting in a 43% reduction, but were not affected by N addition or the combined heated × N treatment. Notably, the addition of nitrogen to warmed soils alleviated thermal acclimation and returned mass‐specific respiration rates to control levels. Oak roots contributed disproportionately to ecosystem root respiration despite the decrease in respiration rates as their biomass was maintained or enhanced under warming and nitrogen addition. In contrast, maple root respiration rates were consistently higher than oak, and this difference became critical in the heated × nitrogen treatment, where maple root biomass increased, contributing significantly more CO2 relative to single‐factor treatments. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for the root component of respiration when assessing soil carbon loss in response to global change and demonstrate that combining warming and N addition produces effects that cannot be predicted by studying these factors in isolation.
Freshwater Mussel (Unio pictorum) Shells Reveal Hydrological and Environmental Change From 1300 BC to the Present Day
Authors: Ollard Isobel , Ballantyne Rachel , Aldridge David C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPreserved biological communities can provide baseline data about the historical ecosystems and environmental conditions that preceded recent anthropogenic alteration. Freshwater mussel shells show particularly good preservation, and the shell assemblages commonly found during archaeological excavations can offer insights into past ecosystems. We studied assemblages of Unio pictorum mussel shells from palaeochannel silts associated with the Late Bronze Age site of Must Farm in eastern England (c. 850 BC), on an ancient tributary of the modern‐day River Nene. We compared archaeological shells from two sediment horizons (broadly 1300–700 BC) to live individuals collected from two analogous sites on the present‐day Nene. Size and growth rate, interannual growth variability and stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) composition were compared between the populations. Size and the von Bertalanffy growth parameter L∞ differed among all four populations. Mean lengths and L∞ were higher in the two modern populations (mean lengths 77.3 ± SE 0.8 and 73.8 ± SE 1.1 mm, L∞ 91.8 ± 5.4 and 79.0 ± 8.1 mm) than the ancient populations (mean lengths 58.1 ± SE 1.6 mm and 68.4 ± SE 0.9 mm; L∞ 71.5 ± 16.9 and 76.8 ± 6.2 mm). Modern individuals also showed greater variation in age‐corrected year‐to‐year growth. δ13C was lower in modern shells (−11.8‰ for modern shells, −9.03‰ and −9.02‰ for ancient shell populations), potentially reflecting altered hydrological and nutrient regimes. δ18O and δ13C were positively correlated for all but one sampled ancient shell, but not modern shells. These results reflect changes in local environmental conditions, particularly the transition from a shallow, slow‐flowing tributary to a deeper, canalised river with faster flow, as well as effects of anthropogenic nutrient enrichment. The findings demonstrate the importance of long‐term data in studying anthropogenic ecosystem alteration and avoiding shifting baseline syndrome in conservation planning.
A novel gene editing lexicon strategy for the haemophilia community: Research plan for development and preliminary results
Authors: Hermans Cedric , Valentino Leonard A. , Thornburg Courtney D. , Unzu Carmen , Kay Mark A. , Peyvandi Flora , Smith Penni , Miesbach Wolfgang , McKeown William , Pierce Glenn F. , Khair Kate , Pipe Steven W. , Starcevic Katarina , Pillai Monisha , Jones Micheala , Chiao Megan , Antonino Ilia , Kessler Craig 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionDespite the progress in gene editing platforms like CRISPR/Cas9 with the potential to transform the standard of care for haemophilia, the language used to explain and discuss gene editing is not aligned across the haemophilia community. Here, we present the objective and rationale for developing a clear, consistent, and globally aligned gene editing lexicon to address these communication gaps.MethodsEffectively communicating complex gene editing concepts requires a clear and consistent vocabulary. Through collaboration with a diversity of haemophilia stakeholders, our main goal is to develop an accurate, informative lexicon which avoids overpromising or highly technical terminology. Using an innovative process, representatives from several patient and scientific haemophilia organizations and select biotechnology companies will develop and refine language concepts to be tested with approximately seventy participants across the United States of America, United Kingdom, and Germany. Participants will include lived experience experts (LEEs) and haematologists. The process will be overseen by the Lexicon Steering Committee of global experts from leading scientific and patient organizations in the haemophilia and gene editing fields.ResultsInitial feedback provided a robust foundation and rationale for building clear, consistent language around gene editing. This lexicon development framework will allow for increased understanding across the haemophilia community, including the development of valid informed consent and shared decision‐making materials.ConclusionResults provide important building blocks for stimuli development and highlight the need for a novel gene editing lexicon. In the next phase, language stimuli will be tested with LEEs and haematologists to better understand audience preferences and help shape the final lexicon.
High‐temperature deformation and consolidation of polycrystalline α‐SiC by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Demirskyi Dmytro , Sepehri‐Amin Hossein , Vasylkiv Oleg O. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe main objective of this investigation is the consolidation and flexural strength of alpha silicon carbide ceramics produced without additives by spark plasma sintering. Using the design of the experiment method, we optimized temperature and dwell to achieve fully dense silicon carbide bulks. The consolidation process of silicon carbide was analyzed similarly to the creep of bulk ceramics, and it was determined that the activation energy for the densification process was 596 ± 39 kJ/mol, while the stress exponent n was below 2. Bulk additive‐free silicon carbide ceramics gradually increased flexural strength as the temperature rose to 2000°C. The flexural strength at 2000°C was influenced by the loading rate, and under 2.5 mm/min, it reached a maximum of 2.08 GPa. To explain this phenomenon, a deformation mechanisms map was created, indicating that diffusion creep is the most probable mechanism for the strain sensitivity of SiC at 2000°C. Transmission electron microscopy indicated a substantial rise in twin density within the α‐SiC grains at 2000°C, indicating the activation of a previously unreported self‐reinforcing mechanism.
Preparation and characterization of quartz ceramic proppant replacing natural quartz sand by solid waste silica fume
Authors: Wen Hanxiao , Hao Jianying , Zhu Zhenguo , Bai Shuo , Wu Jianguo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe improper disposal of industrial wastes will cause environmental pollution and economic losses due to the loss of active ingredients. Solid waste silica fume and pyrolusite powder were used to synthesize quartz ceramic proppant by pelleting and sintering to replace natural quartz sand for unconventional oil and gas exploitation. The effects of pyrolusite powder content and sintering temperature on the apparent density, breakage ratio, and acid solubility of the proppant were thoroughly studied. The phase composition and microstructure of the proppant were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results revealed that the main crystal phase of the proppant prepared without pyrolusite was cristobalite, while that with pyrolusite was cristobalite and quartz, and the content of quartz phase increased gradually with increasing the pyrolusite content. The addition of pyrolusite remarkably increased the density and improved the performance of the proppant due to the resulting glass phase at high temperatures and the presence of andradite. As adding 20% pyrolusite, the apparent density of the proppant sintered at 900°C was 2.26 g/cm3, while the breakage ratio under 28 MPa closed pressure and acid solubility reached the minimum, 9.89% and 5.3%, respectively, meeting the industrial standard requirements.
The Effect of Stigmatization on Diabetes Health Promotion Self‐Care Behaviours and Predictors of Stigma and Self‐Care Behaviours in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: İşleyen Eda Kilinç , Özdemir İrem Nur 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIndividuals with type 2 diabetes are at risk of delaying or not performing diabetes health promotion self‐care behaviours because of their social or self‐stigmatization.AimThe study aimed to reveal the effect of stigmatization on diabetes health promotion self‐care behaviours and predictors of stigma and diabetes health promotion self‐care behaviours in individuals with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 235 individuals with type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS) and Diabetes Health Promotion Self‐Care Scale (DHPSCS) were used for data collection.ResultsThere was a significant, negative correlation between the DSAS and DHPSCS scores. High mean scores on the DSAS and its subscales treated differently, blame/judgement and self‐stigma were predictors of a negative effect on diabetes self‐care behaviours. Poor health status, alcohol intake and diabetes complications are predictive of stigma. Insulin use and self‐monitoring blood glucose are predictors of self‐care behaviours.ConclusionStigma negatively affects diabetes self‐care behaviours in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Nurses could provide education on improvement of health status, harms of alcohol intake and management of diabetes complications. Counselling for coping with stigma and performing self‐care could be provided. Nurses could organize interventions to raise awareness about diabetes in society.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer People's Experiences of Stigma Across the Spectrum of Inpatient Psychiatric Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Clark Kristen D. , Jewell Jaylyn , Sherman Athena D. F. , Balthazar Monique S. , Murray Shawn B. , Bosse Jordon D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and other diverse sexual orientations and gender identity groups (LGBTQ+) face high rates of poor mental health. In the most severe and emergent of instances, inpatient psychiatric care may be required. LGBTQ+ people report experiences of mistreatment in healthcare settings broadly, such as denial of healthcare services and harassment from healthcare providers and other patients. However, little is known about the experiences of LGBTQ+ people in inpatient psychiatric care settings, specifically. The purpose of this review was to assess the existing literature for descriptions of LGBTQ+ people's experiences within inpatient psychiatric care. We searched multiple databases (i.e., PubMed, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar) for peer‐reviewed articles that described the experiences of LGBTQ+ people within inpatient psychiatric care that were published in English. The included articles (N = 14) were analysed using a conceptual model of stigma and organised within those strata (structural, interpersonal and individual stigma) across the inpatient experience, (admission, inpatient unit, and discharge). Themes identified included: noninclusive intake tools and pervasive misgendering during the admission process; lack of healthcare infrastructure, inadequate training and lack of cultural humility, pervasive discrimination and victimization, silencing of LGBTQ+ patients, and feelings of fear and shame while on inpatient units, and lack of community resources during the discharge process. Clinicians should consider the perspectives and experiences of LGBTQ+ people to enact identity‐affirming care practices that may increase mental healthcare engagement and improve long‐term mental health outcomes.
Misorientations across interfaces in spark plasma–sintered WC–Co cemented carbides
Authors: Yuan Xiaokun , Zhao Shixian , Wei Chongbin , Liu Xingwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis interdisciplinary work concerns misorientations across various interfaces in spark plasma–sintered (SPSed) WC–Co cemented carbides, as well as how these misorientations affect the intergranular fracture. The whole boundaries in cemented carbides were divided according to the phases on the two sides of the boundary plane, and carbide/carbide grain boundaries were further divided according to the misorientation across the boundary plane. Stereological statistics and five‐parameter analysis were comprehensively performed on the concerned boundary types. For Σ2 carbide/carbide boundaries, multiple boundary structures are observed. How Σ2 twist inhibits intergranular fracture and how such boundary structure is formed are analyzed. For random carbide/carbide boundaries, the habit planes that they are terminated by are calibrated, and their responses to intergranular fracture are examined according to their energy anisotropy. For WC/α‐cobalt and WC/β‐cobalt phase boundaries, misorientations across these boundary planes and the corresponding crack propagation routines are illustrated. On these bases, approaches to improve the fracture strength of SPSed cemented carbides are suggested.
The Current High Bird Colonisation Rate in a Major Mediterranean Island is Consistent With a More Intense Past Defaunation Compared to Nearby Mainland
Authors: Martínez‐Abraín Alejandro , Rebassa Maties , Crespo Jorge , Jiménez Juan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimWe expand here previous own biogeographic work on the determinants of avian colonisation of a major land‐bridge Mediterranean island. So far we have explained mechanistically the high current rate of colonisation of the island which proceeds by overflow of mainland species with growing population trends and with prior experience as winter visitors. However, here we focus on the historical factors that have led to such a high colonisation rate.LocationMajorca Island and a nearby Iberian mainland coastal region with equivalent characteristics (Alicante province).Time PeriodTwenty‐five years (1991–2015).Major Taxa StudiedBirds.MethodsWe compared the pattern of species gain and loss in Majorca and Alicante during the study period.ResultsWe found that while Alicante only gained eight new species and lost one, Majorca lost none and gained 21 species as breeders (odds ratio 2.6). The process of species gains in 5‐year periods since 1991 showed a nonlinear pattern in both regions, with an abrupt decline in Alicante starting in 2006–2010 and final stagnation during 2011–2015, but just a smooth and recent pattern of slowdown in Majorca (2011–2015 on). Taxonomic diversity of colonising species at the family level, as well as habitat of colonisation, were quite similar between regions, but larger body size species were more common in Majorca.Main ConclusionsWe conclude that current differential colonisation rates between both regions are consistent with a more intense past defaunation of the resource‐poor region (Majorca) prior to modern rural flight that happened simultaneously in both regions. While Alicante could be approaching a theoretical carrying capacity in the number of species, Majorca is farther from it. We predict that the island will continue gaining species in the next few decades. Worldwide, further research on comparing wildlife recovery rates between regions with differential intensity of past wildlife defaunation is badly needed to understand biodiversity recovery processes.
Efficacy and limitation of nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Fukui Akira , Hirota Kei , Mitarai Kazuki , Kondo Hidekazu , Yamaguchi Takanori , Shinohara Tetsuji , Takahashi Naohiko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionCatheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) reduces heart failure (HF) hospitalization in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the long‐term outcomes and subclinical HF after nonparoxysmal AF ablation in HFpEF patients have not been fully evaluated.Methods and ResultsOne‐hundred‐ninety nonparoxysmal AF patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50% who underwent first‐time AF ablation were studied. HFpEF was diagnosed from a history of congestive HF and/or combined criteria of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentration and transthoracic echocardiogram parameters, including average septal‐lateral E/e' and tricuspid regurgitation peak velocity. Ninety‐five patients with HFpEF (HFpEF group) were compared with 95 patients without HF (CNT group). Low voltage area (LVA) was defined as an area with a bipolar electrogram of <0.5 mV covering >5% of the total left atrial surface. The primary endpoint was a composite of death from any cause or hospitalization for worsening HF. The secondary endpoint was subclinical HFpEF defined from NT‐proBNP concentration and average septal‐lateral E/e' or tricuspid regurgitation peak velocity at 6–12 months after the procedure irrespective of the rhythm. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the primary composite endpoint did not differ between the two groups (mean follow‐up period 707 ± 75 days, log‐rank p = 0.5330). However, significantly more patients in the HFpEF group reached the secondary endpoint (42 [44%] vs. 13 [14%], p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that a high preablation NT‐proBNP (odds ratio [OR] 1.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.001–1.002, p = 0.0040) and the existence of LVA (OR 5.983, 95% CI 1.463–31.768, p = 0.0194) independently predicted the secondary endpoint in HFpEF patients.ConclusionAfter nonparoxysmal AF ablation, mortality of HFpEF patients was not inferior compared to patients without coexisting HF. However, subclinical HF occasionally persisted especially in HFpEF patients with a high preprocedure NT‐proBNP concentration and LVA.