bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gross motor performance in children prenatally exposed to alcohol and living in remote Australia
Authors: Lucas Barbara R , Latimer Jane , Doney Robyn , Watkins Rochelle E , Tsang Tracey W , Hawkes Genevieve , Fitzpatrick James P , Oscar June , Carter Maureen , Elliott Elizabeth J 
Published: July 2016

AimThis study aimed to determine the gross motor (GM) performance of Aboriginal children living in remote Australia. The relationship between GM skills, prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) was explored.MethodsA population‐based observation study was conducted in 2011 to assess motor performance in children living in the Fitzroy Valley, Western Australia, using the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT‐2). BOT‐2 data were retrospectively analysed using recently developed software enabling separation of fine and GM outcomes.ResultsA total of 108 children (98.1% Aboriginal; 53% male, mean age: 8.7 years) were assessed. Half (52.2%) were exposed to at least ‘risky’ levels of PAE, and 21 (19%) were diagnosed with an FASD. The mean GM composite score of the cohort (47.0 ± 8.4) approached the BOT‐2 normative mean (50.0 ± 10) and was similar between children with and without PAE (P = 0.27). This mean score, however, was significantly lower in children with FASD than without (mean difference: −5.5 ± 20.6; P = 0.006). Compared with children without FASD, children with FASD had significant impairment in subtests for running speed and agility (mean difference ± standard deviation (SD): −2.4 ± 8.1; P = 0.003) and strength (mean difference ± SD:−2.8 ± 9.9; P = 0.004) and (ii) a higher proportion than expected had overall GM impairment (≤2 SD: 9.5%; ≤1 SD: 23.8%). In groups with PAE, no PAE and no FASD, GM function approached expected population norms.ConclusionsA higher than expected proportion of children with FASD had GM scores that indicated impairment and need for therapy. Evaluation of GM performance should routinely be included in FASD assessment to determine strategies to optimise child development.
Endpoints for therapeutic interventions in faecal incontinence: small step or game changer
Authors: Rao S. S. C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFaecal incontinence (FI) is common and its pathophysiology and treatments continue to evolve. However, a standard measure(s) for assessing its clinical outcome has been elusive. Consequently, over 100 measures and scoring systems, each with intrinsic biases have been reported. These include adequate relief or global satisfaction, ≥50% reduction in episodes or days without FI, quality of life (QOL), FI severity scales and composite indices. Earlier scales relied on the frequency and type of solid, liquid or flatus incontinence and effects on life style whereas newer scales have incorporated urgency, use of pads, antidiarrhoeals and amount of leakage, using prospective daily stool diaries or retrospective weekly or single point assessments. Such a plethora of measures have negatively impacted the assessment and outcome of clinical trials, and have made comparisons difficult. So, how does one sort out the grain from the chaff? In a provocative, post‐hoc analysis published in this issue, the minimal clinically important difference, i.e. the smallest change detected by an instrument that is associated with a clinically meaningful change was used to assess FI endpoint. Based on this a ≥50% reduction in FI episodes is recommended as a clinically meaningful outcome measure when assessed by prospective stool diary, and it correlates with symptoms and severity. However, this requires further validation in multi‐centre, longer duration and therapeutically effective clinical trial(s). Simultaneous assessment of coping strategies, QOL and psychosocial domains can provide further insights regarding the overall impact of treatments. This mini‐review discusses the advances and controversies in defining meaningful FI endpoints.
Incidence of Pocket Infection Postcardiac Device Implantation Using Antibiotic versus Saline Solution for Pocket Irrigation
Authors: LAKSHMANADOSS UMASHANKAR , NUANEZ BONITA , KUTINSKY ILANA , KHALID RIZWAN , HAINES DAVID E , WONG WAI SHUN 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundPreprocedure systemic antibiotic prophylaxis reduces infections in patients undergoing cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) implantations. Whether pocket irrigation with antibiotic solution offers any advantage over saline solution in CIED implantation is unknown.MethodsRecords from 327 consecutive patients who underwent CIED implantation by three operators from February 2011 to January 2014 were reviewed. From February 2011 to January 2012, the antibiotic solution was used for pocket irrigation; from February 2012 to January 2014, saline solution was used. All patients received preprocedural IV antibiotics. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, lab data, and occurrence of any pocket infection postimplant were collected.ResultsThere were 118 and 209 patients in the antibiotic solution and saline solution group, respectively. A total of four (1.2%) patients had CIED infection: two in the antibiotic solution group and two in the saline solution group. Median time to infection from implant date was 81.5 ± 35 days. Two patients (50%) had infection after first device implantation. Of the four patients, one had positive blood culture, three had positive pocket cultures, one had lead vegetation, one underwent pocket exploration, and all of them had devices/leads extracted, with reimplantation on the contralateral side. No mortality was observed due to infectious complications.ConclusionWhen compared to pocket irrigation in the antibiotic solution group, the saline solution group was not associated with increased incidence of infectious complications after CIED implantation. The use of saline solution pocket irrigation alone may be used in CIED pocket irrigation periprocedurally. Further evaluation in larger randomized trials is needed.
Clinicopathological features of 49 primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma cases; comparison with location, cell‐of‐origin, and frequency of MYD88 L265P
Authors: Nagakita Keina , Takata Katsuyoshi , Taniguchi Kohei , Miyata‐Takata Tomoko , Sato Yasuharu , Tari Akira , Ohnishi Nobuhiko , Noujima‐Harada Mai , Omote Shizuma , Nakamura Naoya , Iwamuro Masaya , Maeda Yoshinobu , Okada Hiroyuki , Tanimoto Mitsune , Yoshino Tadashi 
Published: July 2016

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common primary site of extranodal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), with approximately one‐third of extranodal DLBCL occurring in the GI tract. We investigated the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemically‐assessed cell‐of‐origin of 49 GI DLBCL cases (stomach, 24; small intestine, 10; colon, 15) and also examined the presence of MYD88 L265P as recently this mutation has been frequently identified in ABC‐like DLBCL, particularly in extranodal sites. Small intestinal DLBCL was characterized by the preponderance of women (P = 0.041) and elevated LDH (P = 0.002) and soluble interleukin‐2 receptor (P = 0.033). Small intestinal DLBCL more frequently showed anemia (P = 0.031) and elevated CRP (P = 0.029) than gastric DLBCL. ABC‐like phenotype was seen in 71.4 % cases (stomach, 79 %; small intestine, 70 %; colon, 60 %). MYD88 L265P was detected in 6.1 % cases; all were primary gastric DLBCL with ABC‐like phenotype but had no distinct clinicopathological features. In conclusion, GI DLBCL had different clinicopathological features according to the primary site especially in the small intestine. Also, MYD88 L265P had little involvement in GI DLBCL compared with other extranodal DLBCLs, suggesting that its pathogenesis might be different from that of organs with a high frequency of MYD88 L265P.
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is a leaf pathogen of local Fraxinus species in the Russian Far East
Authors: Drenkhan R. , Solheim H. , Bogacheva A. , Riit T. , Adamson K. , Drenkhan T. , Maaten T. , Hietala A. M. 
Published: July 2016

Dieback of European ash was first observed in Europe in the early 1990s. The disease is caused by the invasive ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, proposed to originate from Far East Asia, where it has been considered a harmless saprotroph. This study investigates the occurrence of H. fraxineus in tissues of local ash species in the Russian Far East, and assesses its population‐specific genetic variation by ITS sequencing. Shoot dieback symptoms, characteristic of H. fraxineus infection on European ash, were common, but not abundant, on Fraxinus mandshurica and Fraxinus rhynchophylla trees in Far East Russia. High levels of pathogen DNA were associated with necrotic leaf tissues of these ash species, indicating that the local H. fraxineus population is pathogenic to their leaves. However, the low levels of H. fraxineus DNA detected in shoots with symptoms, the failure to isolate this fungus from such tissues, and the presence of other fungi with pathogenic potential in shoots with symptoms indicate that local H. fraxineus strains may not be responsible (or their role is negligible) for the observed ash shoot dieback symptoms in the region. Conspicuous differences in ITS rDNA sequences detected between H. fraxineus isolates from Russian Far East and European populations suggest that the current ash dieback epidemic in Europe might not directly originate from the Russian Far East. Revision of the herbarium material shows that the earliest specimen of H. fraxineus was collected in 1962 from the Russian Far East and the oldest H. fraxineus specimen of China was collected in 2004.
Transcriptome analyses of inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells isolated by magnetic‐activated cell sorting from bovine blastocysts using single cell RNA‐seq
Authors: Zhao X‐M , Cui L‐S , Hao H‐S , Wang H‐Y , Zhao S‐J , Du W‐H , Wang D , Liu Y , Zhu H‐B 
Published: July 2016

ContentsResearch on bovine embryonic stem cells (bESCs) has been hampered because bESCs are cultured in conditions that are based on information obtained from culturing mouse and human inner cell mass (ICM) cells. The aim of this study was to compare gene expression in ICM and trophectoderm (TE) cell lineages of bovine embryos and to discuss the findings relative to information available for mice and humans. We separated a high‐purity (>90%) ICM and TE from bovine blastocysts by magnetic‐activated cell sorting and analysed their transcriptomes by single cell RNA‐seq. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were assessed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Finally, qRT‐PCR was performed to validate the RNA‐seq results. From 207 DEGs identified (adjusted p ≤ .05; fold change ≥2), 159 and 48 had greater expression in the ICM and TE cells respectively. We validated 27 genes using qRT‐PCR and found their expression patterns were mostly similar to those of RNA‐seq, including 12 novel ICM‐dominant (HNF4A, CCL24, FGFR4, IFITM3, PTCHD2, GJB5, FN1, KLK7, PRDM14, GRP, FGF19 and GCM1) and two novel TE‐dominant (SLC10A1 and WNT4) genes. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these DEGs are involved in many important pathways, such as MAPK and cancer cell pathways, and these pathways have been shown to play essential roles in mouse and human ESCs in the self‐renewal and pluripotent maintenance. As a conclusion, there were sufficient differences to allow us to conclude that the control of pluripotency in bovine ICM cells is species‐specific.
Long‐term influence of sod cutting depth on the restoration of degraded wet heaths
Authors: Godefroid Sandrine , Sansen Ugo , Koedam Nico 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTemperate heaths have an unfavorable conservation status in most European biogeographical regions. Increasing nitrogen levels promote competitive grass species such asMolinia caerulea, which is a main threat to heathland conservation in Europe. This article investigates the long‐term influence of sod cutting and the resulting changes in soil properties on the heath composition, integrity, and structure. In 15 nature reserves across the northern half of Belgium, we used (1) a large number of plots (203); (2) a broad range of sod cut depths (2–40 cm), and (3) a temporal dimension that describes how long the effects of sod cutting persist (census up to 19 years after sod cutting). Multivariate analyses were used in order to explore the influence of sod cut depth and time after sod cutting on the soil and vegetation properties. There was a positive relationship between sod cut depth and soilpHand water level, and a negative relationship with Al3+,NH4+, and total organic matter (TOM). However, only a limited number of typical (target) species appeared after sod cutting, and then only weakly. Most of the time they remained a minor component of the restored vegetation. Moreover,M. caeruleareappeared and its cover significantly increased during the years following sod cutting. Although we were able to show that sod cut depth has a differential effect on soil properties and vegetation recovery, it also appeared that sod cutting does not restore wet heaths in the long term when applied in regions with high nitrogen deposition.
Complex caring needs without simple solutions: the experience of interprofessional collaboration among staff caring for older persons with multimorbidity at home care settings
Authors: Larsen Anne , Broberger Eva , Petersson Pia 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundOlder persons with multimorbidity being cared for at home often have complex needs which cannot be met by one single caregiver. Interprofessional collaboration is therefore considered necessary if care is to be organised according to the needs of the older person. To achieve coherent health care, municipalities and county councils need to develop their collaboration.AimThe aim of this study was to illustrate how various professionals belonging to homemaker services, home care services in municipality and hospital‐based home care services experience collaboration in caring for older persons with multimorbidity.MethodA hermeneutic approach was used. Eleven informants participated in the study and were individually interviewed.FindingsThe findings show that collaboration between players comprises various types of experiences which influence not only the staff who are involved in collaboration but also the outcome of the collaboration itself. The informants’ experience of collaboration was defined by distrust and trust and by insecurity and security. To focus on patients’ needs and to develop the collaboration further, it was important for informants to take the relations into account and have a reflective and questioning approach. This attitude resulted in a feeling of trust and security, and a flexible and critical approach without boundary drawings between basic and specialised care.Conclusion and relevance of practiceComplex situations cannot be solved with simple models. Instead, a flexible approach appears necessary with focus shifting from structures to interpersonal relations and interactions. Therefore, the different professionals have to work as a transprofessional team where close interactions, flexibility and improvisation are keys to success. The transprofessional team approach is suggested to have the potential to take the competence of all staff into account when high‐quality home health care to older persons with multimorbidity is to be provided by multiple caregivers.
Non‐invasive tumescent cryolipolysis using a new 4D handpiece: a comparative study with a porcine model
Authors: Jeong S. Y. , Kwon T. R. , Seok J. , Park K. Y. , Kim B. J. 
Published: July 2016

Background/PurposeThe growing demand for a youthful appearance, including a favorable body shape, has motivated recent developments in noninvasive body contouring techniques. Our aim was to investigate the efficacy and safety of a new version of a 4D handpiece‐mounted cooling device for cryolipolysis with or without tumescent injections.MethodsWe conducted a side‐by‐side comparative study using two female porcine models. Two areas of each pig's left abdomen were treated using a conventional device and the new cooling device, and two areas of the right abdomen were also treated using the conventional and new cooling device, but both were combined with tumescent‐solution injections.ResultsThe conventional method alone yielded a 75.25% reduction in skin thickness, while the new cooling device alone yielded a 81.63% reduction. When paired with tumescent injections, the conventional device yielded a 86.3% reduction in skin thickness and the cooling device yielded a 85.9% reduction. Using histological analysis with H&E, oil red O, and toluidine blue stain, we confirmed that selective cryolipolysis was able to induce selective apoptosis of fat cells.ConclusionThis in vivo study presents a new 4D handpiece‐assisted cooling device with tumescent anesthesia that is safe and effective for fat reduction.
The experience of extended blood group genotyping by next‐generation sequencing (NGS): investigation of patients with sickle‐cell disease
Authors: Fichou Y. , Mariez M. , Le Maréchal C. , Férec C. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundPatients suffering from haemoglobinopathies may be treated by red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on a regular basis and then exposed to multiple antigens with a recurrent, potential risk of alloimmunization routinely prevented by extended RBC antigen cross‐matching. While time‐consuming and labour‐intensive serological analyses are the gold standard for RBC typing, genotyping by current high‐throughput molecular tools, including next‐generation sequencing (NGS), appears to offer a potent alternative.Study design and MethodsThe potential of extended blood group genotyping (EBGG) by NGS of 17 genes involved in 14 blood group systems was evaluated in a cohort of 48 patients with sickle‐cell disease. Sample preparation and sequencing were simplified and automated for future routine implementation.ResultsSequencing data were obtained for all DNA samples with two different sequencing machines. Prediction of phenotypes could be made in 12 blood group systems and partially in two other blood group systems (Rh and MNS). Importantly, predicted phenotypes in the MNS (S/s), Duffy, Kidd and Kell systems matched well with serological data (98·9%), when available. Unreferenced alleles in the ACHE and ART4 genes, respectively, involved in the Yt and Dombrock blood groups, were identified, then contributing to extend the current knowledge of blood group molecular genetics.ConclusionsOverall, we consider that our strategy for NGS‐based EBGG, assisted by a simple method for genotyping exons 1 and 2 of the pairs of homologous genes (i.e. RHD/RHCE and GYPA/GYPB), as well as the future support of potent bioinformatics tools, may be implemented for routine diagnosis in specific populations.
Burn-Up Dependency of Control Rod Position at Zero-Power Criticality in the High-Temperature Engineering Test Reactor
Authors: Honda Yuki , Fujimoto Nozomu , Sawahata Hiroaki , Takada Shoji , Sawa Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2016

The high-temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR) is a block-type high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR), which was constructed in Japan. The operating data of HTTR with burn-up to about 370 EFPD (effective full-power days), which are very important for the development of HTGRs, have been collected in both zero-power and powered operations. In the aspects of code validation, the detailed prediction of temperature distribution in the core makes it difficult to validate the calculation code because of difficulty in measuring the core temperature directly in powered operation of the HTTR. In this study, the measured data of the control rod position, while keeping the temperature distribution in the core uniform at criticality in zero-power operation at the beginning of each operation cycle were compared with the calculated results by core physics design code of the HTTR. The measured data of the control rod position were modified based on the core temperature correlation. At the beginning of burn-up, the trends of burn-up characteristics are slightly different between experimental and calculation data. However, the calculated result shows less than 50 mm of small difference (total length of control rod is 4060 mm) to the measured one, which indicates that the calculated results appropriately reproduced burn-up characteristics, such as a decrease in uranium-235, accumulation in plutonium, and decrease in burnable absorber.
The Role of Trunk Stabilization in Functional-Classification Levels in Wheelchair Basketball
Authors: Saltan Asuman , Ankarali Handan 
Published: July 2016

Objective:To compare classification levels and trunk stabilization of wheelchair basketball players and to identify their norm values of trunk balance.Participants:113 wheelchair basketball players in the super and first Turkish leagues.Interventions:A modified Wheelchair Skills Test (WST) (version 4.1) was used to evaluate trunk stabilization. Two skills were chosen that correspond to the stationary wheelie activity in WST, the 30-s stationary wheelie and stationary wheelie in 180°.Main Outcome Measure:There are no statistical differences between WST rates and point means.Results:The skills and success and safety rates of the players with 1.5 points (51.9%, 44.4%) were lower than those of the players with 1.0 point (70%, 66.7%). In players with 2.5 and 2.0 points, the most successful and safest percentage values were 78.6%, 78.6% and 82.1%, 75%.Conclusions:Although it is expected that trunk stabilization would be better in players with high points, in our study we encountered conflicting results between the points and sitting balance or trunk stabilization. Our study supports the studies in the literature suggesting modifications in the functional-classification system.
Schizophyllum radiatum, an Emerging Fungus from Human Respiratory Tract
Authors: Siqueira J. P. Z. , Sutton D. , Gené J. , García D. , Guevara-Suarez M. , Decock C. , Wiederhold N. , Guarro J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Schizophyllum
is an important genus of basidiomycetes that, apart from being of genetic and biotechnological interest, is also reported to be a plant and animal pathogen.
Schizophyllum commune
is the best-known species and the only one reported from clinical specimens thus far, being recovered mainly from the respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to determine the species diversity of 23 clinical isolates of
Schizophyllum
from the United States using multilocus phylogenetic analysis and their
in vitro
susceptibilities to six drugs. The markers used for sequencing were the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), a portion of the nuclear large subunit (LSU) of ribosomal DNA, the RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (
RPB2
), and the translation elongation factor 1α (
EF-1
α) gene. The analyses revealed that 22 of the clinical isolates were in the
Schizophyllum radiatum
clade with high support values and 1 isolate was in the
S. commune
clade. This is the first report of this species in clinical samples. The two species mentioned above showed very similar morphological features in culture (i.e., white, cottony, unsporulated colonies composed of hyphae with clamp connections), making morphological discrimination between the two impossible. An epitype is designed for
S. radiatum
, and its sequences have been deposited in GenBank. The antifungal that showed the greatest
in vitro
activity against the strains tested was shown to be amphotericin B. In general, the strains of
S. radiatum
showed higher MICs than
S. commune
.
Detection of (1→3)-β-
d
-Glucan in Eumycetoma Patients
Authors: Fahal Ahmed H. , Finkelman Malcolm A. , Zhang Yonglong , van de Sande Wendy W. J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Mycetoma can be caused by bacteria (actinomycetoma) or fungi (eumycetoma). Here, we demonstrated in 45 eumycetoma patients, 30 actinomycetoma patients, and 30 healthy controls that (1→3)-β-
d
-glucan detection in serum cannot reliably be used to discriminate between the two types of mycetoma.