bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Qurʾānic Cosmology, as an Identity in Itself
Authors: Tabatabaʾi Mohammad Ali , Mirsadri Saida 
Published: June 2016

The main purpose of this article is to depict the cosmos according to the plain text of the Qurʾān, as its contemporary interlocutor would understand it. To reach this goal we relied mostly on the literary meaning of the qurʾānic descriptions of the celestial and terrestrial elements, along with a glance at the other preceding and/or contemporary cosmologies. It is, therefore, a comparative study which ends up in a thorough picture of the cosmos according to the text of the Qurʾān commensurable with other ancient cosmologies, namely the Babylonian and biblical ones. The most significant outcome of this article is to cast doubt on the prevalent supposition that the qurʾānic cosmology is nothing more than a cento of the preceding cultures, civilizations or religions. It would claim that the Qurʾān has rather had an active and dialectic interaction with every major or minor cosmological idea of its time. Especially in a case study on the shape of the qurʾānic firmament, it will be shown how the historical circumstances, linguistic matters, and ideological issues influenced the qurʾānic perception of the world and/or its selective manner in gleaning the preceding ideas.
Le principal objectif de cet article est de dépeindre le cosmos selon le texte du Coran, comme le lectorat de son époque pouvait le comprendre. Pour atteindre ce but, nous nous reposons principalement sur le sens littéral des descriptions coraniques des éléments célestes et terrestres, avec un regard sur les autres cosmologies précédentes ou de la même époque. Il s’agit donc d’une étude comparative qui s’achève avec une description minutieuse du cosmos selon le texte du Coran, comparable à d’autres cosmologies antiques, notament celles de Babylone et de la Bible. Le résultat le plus significatif de cet article est de remettre en cause le présupposé dominant selon lequel la cosmologie coranique n’est rien de plus qu’un composé des précédentes cultures, civilisations ou religions. Ainsi, on pourrait affirmer que le Coran a plutôt eu une interaction active et dialectique avec chaque conception cosmologique majeure ou mineure de son temps. En particulier dans l’étude de l’apparence du firmament coranique, il sera montré comment le contexte historique, des questions linguistiques et des problèmes idéologiques influencèrent la perception coranique du monde et sa manière sélective de puiser dans les idées précédentes.
This article is in French
Modernity and Revolution in Eastern Asia: Chinese Socialism in Regional Perspective (東亞的現代性和革命: 區域觀點下的中國社會主義)
Authors: Dirlik Arif 
Published: June 2016

The article discusses possibilities offered by a regional perspective for a more comprehensive understanding of the rise and fall of socialism in Eastern Asia. It suggests that a regional perspective brings into view interactions among radicals that are absent from or marginal to nationally based accounts. A regional approach requires attention to region-formation itself as a problem. Regions are not just physical entities that are given but are themselves subject to ongoing construction and reconstruction. The discussion elaborates on this question by way of conclusion, and suggests that the anthropological concept of “ecumene” may serve to articulate a conception of the region that recognizes cultural commonalities while also allowing recognition of differences. Radical interactions in Eastern Asia were part of the modern constructions of an Eastern Asian region, which in the usage here encompasses both the East and Southeast Asian regions of post-World War ii geopolitical conceptions of the area, that also have served as the basis for area studies divisions of labor since then. (This article is in English.)
本文以區域觀點來對社會主義在東亞的興衰這一課題進行更為全面的討論。文中指出，區域觀點能呈現激進分子之間的互動，而這個課題是在以國家為基礎的討論裡被忽略或被邊緣化的。區域觀點注意到區域形成本身即是一個命題。區域並不單只是既存的物理實體，區域是處在正在建構及重構的狀態。本文在結論裡探討了這個問題，並提出以人類學概念裡的“ecumene”(或作「人寰」或「人居領地」;在本文特指密集的俗世文化互動空間)來理解文化之間相互流通卻又各自保持彼此之間的歧異。激進者在東亞的互動是東亞區域現代建構的一環──二次大戰後東亞和東南亞兩地從而被涵括在同一地緣政治概念下的區域。而這也是至今地域研究裡區分門別類的基礎。
The Ethnic Chinese in Korea and in the Philippines: An Exploratory Study (韓國及菲律賓華人:探索性比較研究)
Authors: See (洪玉華) Teresita Ang 
Published: June 2016

The paper compares the impact of the social and historical experiences of the Chinese in the Philippines with those of the Chinese in Korea. Both went through periods of social, political, and economic discrimination. It explores possible explanation on why the Chinese-Filipino community has prominent business magnates among them not found among Chinese Koreans. The parallels in their historical narratives had disparate impact: the Chinese in Korea lived an isolated life apart from the mainstream Korean society while the Chinese in the Philippines became well integrated into Philippine society.While there are other important factors that helped spawn economic success of Chinese Filipinos, the paper posits that the successful integration of the Chinese Filipinos into mainstream society is the most significant factor. In contrast, the lack of opportunities for socio-cultural interaction, the isolation and lack of integration hindered the economic success of the Chinese Koreans. (This article is in English.)本篇論文對菲律賓華人及韓國華人的社會及歷史經驗所受到的衝擊進行比較。兩者都經歷了被社會、政治及經濟歧視的時代。本篇論文也探索了為何菲律賓華人社區出現許多著名商業巨賈，但韓國華人卻沒有。雖然兩國的歷史極其相似，但有著截然不同的影響：在韓國的華人，遠離韓國主流社會，過著孤立的生活，而菲律賓華人非常順利地融入菲律賓社會。雖然菲律賓華人取得經濟上的成功，還有其他重要因素，本篇論文斷定，菲律賓華人成功融入主流社會，是最主要的關鍵。相反的，缺乏社會文化交流，孤立及未能融入社會，給韓國華人的經濟成功帶來阻礙。
The Remigration of Ethnic Chinese in Korea to the u.s. and Their Floating Ethnic Identity (在韓華僑赴美國的再移民及他們漂移的族群認同)
Authors: Ahn (安秉馹) Byungil 
Published: June 2016

This study focuses on the meiguo hanhua (美國韓華), ethnic Chinese immigrants from Korea who migrated to the u.s., and their ethnic identities, in particular, on how they evolved into meiguo hanhua, a new sub-ethnic group of Chinese, instead of identifying themselves simply as Chinese Americans. By employing the concept of a floating ethnic identity, this study illustrates the specific historical circumstances and situations in which meiguo hanhua ethnic identities were formed, molded and redefined. It especially concerns how such identities continually adopt, struggle, and negotiate within changing global environments such as the rise of the Chinese economy and the Taiwanization of the Republic of China as well as their personal concerns such as aging and emotional attachment to Shandong province, their imagined homeland. (This article is in English.)
本文探討「美國韓華」這一族群認同（ethnic identities）所形成的歷史環境與背景。「美國韓華」指的是移民到美國的韓國華僑。從1975 到1985年之間，有 一萬四千名韓國華僑移民到美國，相當於旅韓華僑的三分之一。目前居住在美國的韓國出身的華僑人口有兩萬人。當他們在韓國被當地政府與社會的壓迫時，仍保持自己的華人身份。移民美國以後，主要來自山東的韓國華僑無法在美國華人既有的廣東系、福建系等的認同結構下找到位置，他們因此發展出自成一格的族群認同。這個族群認同並不是固定的，而是隨著國際環境的變化與個人經濟利益的考量，而在美國人、中國人、韓國人甚至是臺灣人這幾個不同的身份之間擺蕩。本文因此提出「漂移的族群認同」這一概念，來探討具體的環境和歷史條件如何影響他們在這些族群身份上的選擇和調整。
The Economic Activities of the Ethnic Chinese in Incheon in the mid-1930s: Findings from the dcai Archives (20世紀30年代中期仁川華僑的經濟活動—以仁川華僑協會所藏資料為中心)
Authors: Yi (李正熙) Junghee , Song (宋承錫) Seungsuk 
Published: June 2016

This article examines the ‘Documents owned by the Ethnic Chinese Association of Incheon’ (hereafter: dcai) and looks which light these shed on the economic activities of the ethnic Chinese in Incheon in the mid-1930s. The dcai materials provide important insights into the economic structure and into the activities in which the ethnic Chinese were involved in Incheon during the 1930s. I have reviewed the economic roles played by the ethnic Chinese residents of Incheon in the mid-1930s by using dcai materials. Previous studies have revealed that the economic activities of the ethnic Chinese in Korea in the 1930s diminished, and imports from China decreased as a result of the anti-Chinese riots, which occurred in July 1931. In this paper, I have shown that the ethnic Chinese in Incheon were no exception. The amount of remittances that Chinese merchants sent back to China decreased considerably, and import goods from China, particularly from Shanghai, also went through a sudden decrease. Consequently, the ethnic Chinese representative commercial firms went bankrupt in succession. (This article is in English.)
本文探討了仁川華僑協會所藏的資料，分析了20世紀30年代中期仁川華僑的經濟活動。該資料總結硏討了30年代仁川華僑的經濟構造和經濟活動，作爲極有價値的原始資料得到了很高的評價。本文首先利用該資料對30年代中期各行業的仁川華僑在經濟上的作用進行了分析。先行硏究的結果已表明，30年代朝鮮華僑的貿易與商業活動由于1931年的排華事件而大爲減少，本次硏究結果證明仁川華僑也不例外。仁川華僑的對中滙款額和進口額急据地縮減，因此仁川華僑企業總數也急据地減少。
A new species of pine anole from the Sierra Madre del Sur in Oaxaca, Mexico (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae: Anolis)
Authors: KÖHLER GUNTHER , PÉREZ RAÚL GÓMEZ TREJO , PETERSEN CLAUS BO P. , CRUZ FAUSTO R. MENDEZ DE LA 
Published: June 2016

We describe the new species Anolis peucephilus sp. nov. from the Pacific versant of southern Mexico. Anolis peucephilus differs from all congeners by having a combination of (1) smooth ventral scales; (2) usually a patch of three greatly enlarged supraocular scales; (3) extremely short hind legs, longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to a point between levels of axilla and ear opening, ratio shank length/snout-vent length 0.18–0.21; (4) circumnasal usually in contact with first supralabial; and (5) a large yellowish orange dewlap in males and a very small to small white dewlap in females. In external morphology, A. peucephilus is most similar to A. omiltemanus from which it differs by having even shorter hind legs with the longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to a point between levels of axilla and ear opening (versus usually to ear opening, occasionally to slightly beyond ear opening or to a point between shoulder and ear opening in A. omiltemanus), a slightly larger dewlap in females, to 64 mm2 (versus to 41 mm2 in A. omiltemanus), the circumnasal usually in contact with the first supralabial (versus those scales separated by the presence of a subnasal in A. omiltemanus), and 4–6 internasal scales in the new species (versus usually 6–7 in A. omiltemanus). Furthermore, A. peucephilus differs from A. omiltemanus in hemipenial morphology (no finger-like processus on asulcate side in A. peucephilus versus such a processus present in A. omiltemanus). Also, in a preliminary molecular genetic analysis of the mitochondrial CO1 gene fragment, A. peucephilus has a genetic distance of 11.5% from A. omiltemanus. Anolis peucephilus was collected at night while the lizards were sleeping in pine trees, 2–10 m above the ground.
A single center’s conversion from roller pump to centrifugal pump technology in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Shade Brandon C. , Schiavo Kellie , Rosenthal Tami , Connelly James T , Melchior Richard W 
Published: June 2016

Overview: Recent advances in blood pump technology have led to an increased use of centrifugal pumps for prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Data from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization confirms that many institutions have converted to centrifugal pumps after prior experience with roller pump technology. Centrifugal pump technology is more compact and may generate less heat and hemolysis than a conventional roller pump. Based on the potential advantages of centrifugal pumps, a decision was made institution-wide to convert to centrifugal pump technology in pediatric implementation of ECMO. Based on limited prior experience with centrifugal pumps, a multidisciplinary approach was used to implement this new technology. The new centrifugal pump (Sorin Revolution, Arvada, CO) was intended for ECMO support in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU), the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Description: The perfusion team used their knowledge and expertise with centrifugal pumps to create the necessary teaching tools and interactive training sessions for the technical specialists who consisted primarily of registered nurses and respiratory therapists. The first phase consisted of educating all personnel involved in the care of the ECMO patient, followed by patient implementation in the CICU, followed by the PICU and NICU. Conclusion: The institution-wide conversion took several months to complete and was well received among all disciplines in the CICU and PICU. The NICU personnel did use the centrifugal pump circuit, but decided to revert back to using the roller pump technology. A systematic transition from roller pump to centrifugal pump technology with a multidisciplinary team can ensure a safe and successful implementation.
The diagnostic validity of clinical airway assessments for predicting difficult laryngoscopy using a grey zone approach
Authors: Min Jeong Jin , Kim Gahyun , Kim Eunhee , Lee Jong-Hwan 
Published: June 2016

Objectives The diagnostic validity of clinical airway assessment tests for predicting difficult laryngoscopy in patients requiring endotracheal intubation were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and a grey zone approach. Methods In this prospective observational study, patients were evaluated during a pre-anaesthetic visit. Predictive airway assessment tests (i.e. Modified Mallampati [MMT] classification; upper lip bite test [ULBT]; mouth opening; sternomental distance; thyromental distance [TMD]; neck circumference; neck mobility; height to thyromental distance [HT/TMD]; neck circumference-to-thyromental distance [NC/TMD]) were performed on each patient and LEMON, Naguib, and MACOCHA scores were also calculated. In addition, laryngeal images were acquired and assessed for percentage of glottic opening (POGO) scores. A POGO score of zero was categorized as difficult laryngoscopy. Results The incidence of difficult laryngoscopy was 14.4% (35/243). Although seven predictive airway assessments (i.e. MMT classification, ULBT, mouth opening, HT/TMD, NC/TMD, and the LEMON and Naguib models) predicted difficult laryngoscopy by ROC analyses, a grey zone approach showed that the parameters were inconclusive in approximately 70% of patients. From all the tests, the HT/TMD ratio showed the highest sensitivity (80.0%) and ULBT had the highest specificity (95.2%). Conclusion Using the grey zone approach, all predictive airway assessment tests showed large inconclusive zones which may explain previous inconsistent results in the prediction of difficult laryngoscopy. Our results suggest that the usefulness of clinical airway evaluation tests for predicting difficult laryngoscopy remains controversial. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01719848)
The Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Tendinopathy: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Fitzpatrick Jane , Bulsara Max , Zheng Ming H. 
Published: June 2016

Background: Tendinopathy is very common in the general population. There are increasing numbers of clinical studies referring to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) as treatments for tendinopathy. Purpose: To perform a meta-analysis of the outcomes of the PRP groups by preparation method and injection technique in tendinopathy. To determine the clinical effectiveness of the preparations and to evaluate the effect of controls used in the studies reviewed. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Medline databases were searched in March 2012, April 2014, and August 2015, and randomized controlled trials using autologous blood, PRP, PPP, or autologous conditioned plasma in tendinopathy with outcome measures of pain and follow-up time of 3 months were included in this review. Trials including surgery, tendon tears, and muscle or ligament injuries were excluded. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias tool by 2 reviewers. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. The primary outcome measure was a change in pain intensity. Where more than 1 pain scale was included, a functional score was selected ahead of a visual analog scale score. Results: A total of 18 studies (1066 participants) were included. Eight studies were deemed to be at low risk of bias. The most significant outcomes in the PRP groups were seen in those treated with highly cellular leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP) preparations: GPS kit (standardized mean difference [SMD], 35.75; 95% CI, 28.40-43.10), MyCells kit (SMD, 31.84; 95% CI, 17.56-46.13), Prosys kit (SMD, 42.99; 95% CI, 37.73-48.25), and unspecified LR-PRP (SMD, 34.62; 95% CI, 31.69-37.55). When the LR-PRP system types were grouped, there was a strongly positive effect (SMD, 36.38; 95% CI, 34.00-38.77) when compared with leukocyte-poor PRP (SMD, 26.77; 95% CI, 18.31-35.22). In assessing the control groups, there was no clear difference between different types of control injections: saline (SMD, 14.62; 95% CI, 10.74-18.50), local anesthetic (SMD, 15.00; 95% CI, 7.66-22.34), corticosteroid (SMD, 23.82; 95% CI, 10.74-18.50), or dry needling (SMD, 25.22; 95% CI, 21.27-29.16). Conclusion: There is good evidence to support the use of a single injection of LR-PRP under ultrasound guidance in tendinopathy. Both the preparation and intratendinous injection technique of PRP appear to be of great clinical significance.
Low Blood Arterial Oxygenation During Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Messai Elmi , Bouguerra Abdesselam , Guarracino Fabio , Bonacchi Massimo 
Published: June 2016

Purpose: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is a therapeutic option in the management of the most severe forms of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Oxygenation during VV-ECMO depends on many parameters, and its management is complex. The management of ECMO is still not completely codified. The aim of this study was to rationalize the management of hypoxemia during VV-ECMO. Methods: To build a comprehensive flow diagram for management of hypoxemia during VV-ECMO, we considered (1) relationship between O2 arterial saturation and its determinants; (2) analysis of physiopathology of oxygenation under VV-ECMO; and (3) main guidelines and recommendations recapitulated in troubleshooting charts. Results: We propose a stepwise approach that could guide specific intervention to improve oxygenation during VV-ECMO. The first step is to obtain adequate pump flow, the main determinant of oxygenation, by eliminating a mechanical problem or inadequate venous drainage. Second, if hypoxemia persists, algorithm considers multiple reasons for inadequate oxygenation, namely: (1) excessive recirculation, (2) excessive cardiac output (decrease of ratio pump flow/cardiac output), (3) decrease in SvO2 (oxygen saturation in mixed venous blood), (4) malfunction of oxygenator, and (5) deterioration of residual lung function. Finally, for each modification of oxygenation parameters, specific measures are proposed to restore an adequate oxygenation by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Conclusion: If hypoxemia occurs during VV-ECMO, collecting oxygenation parameters and a clear step-by-step algorithm could guide specific intervention to improve oxygenation. This flow diagram is in accordance with current recommendations recapitulated in guidelines or troubleshooting chart but more accurate and complete. Although rational and appealing, it remains to be tested together with a number of still unsolved issues.
A Study to Ascertain the Adequacy of Observance of Standard Precautions in Acute Medical and Surgical Wards of a Large Teaching Hospital
Authors: Pandit Anil , Kulkarni Meenal 
Published: June 2016

The present study was a cross-sectional analytic epidemiological design to assess the frequency of observance of universal precautions in acute care wards of a large teaching hospital and to assess the epidemiological determinants of such observance. A total population of medical officers, nurses, paramedical and ancillary workers working in acute medical and surgical wards was studied using direct observations recorded on a pre-tested, structured format. The study revealed that hand washing was more frequently practiced by medical officers and ancillary staff (68–93 per cent) as compared to nurses and paramedical staff (38–58 per cent) ( p < 0.01). A significantly higher proportion of medical officers in medical wards (93 per cent) and nurses (63.3 per cent) and ancillary workers in surgical ward (89 per cent) were practicing hand washing ( p < 0.01). The practice of usage of gloves was significantly more frequent among medical officers and ancillary workers (72–100 per cent), while it was quite inadequate among nurses and paramedical staff (28–36 per cent; p < 0.001). However, the use of gloves was significantly better among nurses in the surgical ward and paramedical in the medical ward ( p < 0.05). A linear trend analysis of the use of protective clothing revealed that the odds of nurses adequately using the same were much lower, while those of ancillary workers were much higher as compared to medical officers, the trend being highly significant in both types of wards ( p <0.001). The study reveals a definite need for stepping up educational and motivational methods for observance of universal precautions by health-care workers in large teaching hospitals. In particular, nurses and paramedical workers have been identified as high-risk groups, needing concerted efforts for observing these precautions.
Prevalence and Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in People With Schizophrenia in Inpatient Rehabilitation Wards
Authors: Yang Chiu-Yueh , Lo Su-Chen , Peng Ying-Chieh 
Published: June 2016

Background: Atypical antipsychotic medications increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases in people with schizophrenia. Aim: To explore the prevalence of MetS and the predictors associated with the number of MetS components in people with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: We recruited 357 participants from 10 rehabilitation wards in northern Taiwan. The Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), and modified Baecke physical activity questionnaire were used to evaluate the participants. MetS prevalence was calculated using the modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asians. Results: The prevalence of MetS in this sample was 37.8%. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that the HPLP-exercise score (odds ratio [ OR] = 0.411, p = .002) and depressive symptoms ( OR = 0.949, p = .040) were protective factors for ≥4 MetS components. The leisure physical activity level ( OR = .536, p = .024) was a protective factor for three MetS components. Body mass index ≥24 kg/m2 was the strongest risk factor for two MetS components ( OR = 8.057, p < .001), three MetS components ( OR = 11.287, p < .001), and ≥four MetS components ( OR = 15.621, p < .001). Additionally, participants’ age >40 ( OR = 3.638, p = .012) was a risk factor for ≥four MetS components. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of MetS was higher than that reported for patients utilizing community-based services in Taiwan. The important risk factors for MetS were being overweight and older than 40. The protective factors for MetS were a high HPLP-exercise score and leisure-based physical activities.