bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harm Reduction as a Form of ‘Wrap‐Around’ Care: The Nursing Role
Authors: Abram Marissa D. , Jugdoyal Adrian , Seabra Paulo , Murphy‐Parker Dana , Searby Adam 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn addiction treatment, harm reduction is a philosophy that aims to reduce the harms from ongoing alcohol and other drug use. Although abstinence may be the ‘gold standard’ in reducing harm from ongoing alcohol and other drug use, harm reduction recognises that abstinence may not be achievable for certain individuals. Accordingly, harm reduction is used to enable medical or mental health treatment for individuals who continue to use alcohol and other drugs, providing a form of care which meets individuals where they present to healthcare facilities. Harm reduction accepts ongoing alcohol and other drug use, while providing a traditionally marginalised cohort of individuals access to healthcare services. In this perspective paper, we argue that the role of nurses in promoting and utilising harm reduction as part of their regular practice is essential to both reducing harm from alcohol and other drug use, engaging individuals who use alcohol and other drugs in healthcare services, and providing a means to accept individuals as they are to build trust and rapport for engagement in addiction treatment when they are ready, and at their own pace. Nurses, by virtue of their role and number in the healthcare landscape (approximately 28 million globally), are ideally placed to implement harm reduction in their practice to achieve better outcomes for individuals who use alcohol and other drugs.
Regulation of muscle blood flow
Authors: Hudlická O. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryNervous control of muscle blood flew, exerted mainly by the sympathetic adrenergic filtres, is important under resting conditions and also mainly during haemorrhage (when both α and β receptors are involved), during light and flight and in flow redistribution to muscles during exercise. The role of other fibres (cholinergic, histaminergic and peptidergic) is discussed. Myogenic control is responsible for the high basal tone and, consequently, the relatively low resting blood flow. The main regulatory mechanism is. however, the adaptation of blood flow to metabolic demands. Thus at rest, flow is higher in muscles with a high proportion of oxidative fibres. The regulation of flow in contracting muscles is exerted by metabolites, and various metabolites seem to play different roles to different extents in different types of contractions, with several factors probably involved at any one time. Potassium seems to be more important in mixed, predominantly glycolytic, muscles during tetanic or long‐lasting isometric contractions; inorganic phosphate plays a role in short‐lasting contractions and is probably more involved in highly oxidative muscles. Adenosine may play a role in long‐lasting contractions in muscles with a high proportion of oxidative fibres. Dilatation of arterioles enables so‐called capillary recruitment during muscle contractions, which seems to be mainly the result of changes in the velocity of red blood cells and a variable percentage of capillaries with intermittent flow (with very few cells with zero velocity and a more homogeneous flow in contracting muscles) rather than opening of unperfused capillaries.
Haemodynamic and metabolic responses to prolonged exercise after chronic β1‐adrenoceptor blockade in hypertensive man
Authors: Frisk‐Holmberg Marianne , Juhlin‐Dannfelt Anders , Åström Hans 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe influence of chronic β1‐adrenoceptor blockade on haemodynamic and metabolic responses was examined in eight young hypertensive subjects during a 40 min submaximal bicycle test at 50% of maximal capacity. The patients were randomly allocated to one placebo and one treatment period of 6 weeks. During treatment atenolol (Tenormin, 100 mg) was given twice daily. Arterial pressure, cardiac output, leg blood flow, oxygen uptake and different metabolites in the blood were determined.The heart rate was reduced by β1‐adrenoceptor blockade by 30% during exercise, and the decrease was related to plasma concentration of the drug. Cardiac output was decreased by approximately 10%, but the negative chronotropic effect was partly compensated for by a higher stroke volume. Blockade leg blood flow was reduced by 10%, but more oxygen was extracted, giving an unchanged oxygen uptake.Blood concentration and leg uptake of glucose were not influenced by the treatment, but plasma free fatty acids were reduced by 30‐40%. Leg lactate release was decreased to half the value in the unblocked situation. Plasma renin activity did not increase at the beginning of exercise, but after 40 min an increase was seen, though only to half of the pretreatment value.It is concluded that β1‐adrenoceptor blockade during submaximal exercise reduces blood flow to the working muscles and that this reduction is the result of a lower cardiac output. Aerobic metabolism is unchanged as a result of increased oxygen extraction, but less fat is used as lipolysis is inhibited. Glucose uptake by the working muscles is unchanged by β1‐blockade, but there is evidence for an increased carbohydrate metabolism. As for non‐selective blockade, atenolol decreases lactate release but this could be the result of non‐specific action on the β1‐reccptor and/or increased carbohydrate oxidation. Furthermore, the β1‐adrcnoceptors seem to have a major influence on the renin release during exercise.
Molecular dynamics study on structural characteristics of amorphous C‐S‐H with different Ca/Si ratios
Authors: Li Yancheng , Ding Zhiheng , Wang Xingquan , Wang Xinyue , Han Baoguo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs the major hydration product of cement, hydrated calcium silicate (C‐S‐H) governs the overall performance of cement‐based materials. The molar ratio of CaO to SiO2 (Ca/Si ratio) significantly affects the structure and properties of C‐S‐H. This study analyzed the effect of Ca/Si ratios (0.83–2.0) on the structural morphology evolution, bond lengths and angles, polymerization process, and nanoporosity of amorphous C‐S‐H, with the help of the ReaxFF force field. The results showed that the reacted C‐S‐H tend to form a fibrous network‐like morphology at low Ca/Si ratios, while the silicate chains are prone to accumulating at high Ca/Si ratios, forming a dense granular ovoid structure. Meanwhile, the Ca/Si ratio has no effect on the bond lengths and angles. In addition, the Ca2+ ions can interrupt the silicate chains during hydration, which leads to a decrease in the average silicate chain length with increasing Ca/Si ratio. The porosity of C‐S‐H decreases from 59.3% to 54.3% when the Ca/Si ratio increases from 0.83 to 2.0. It can be deduced from these findings that the increase in the Ca/Si ratio decreases the compressive strength of cement‐based materials but increases their durability.
Correction to: Fabrication of vanadium telluride anchored on carbon nanotubes nanocomposite for overall water splitting
Authors: Bano Nigarish , Manzoor Sumaira , Sami Abdus , Shah Syed Imran Abbas , Junaid Ali , Ur Rehman Muhammad Yousaf , Alshgari Razan A. , Ehsan Muhammad Fahad , Ashiq Muhammad Naeem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe presentation of Figures 1 and 2 in the published manuscript is smooth and baseline corrected, which may cause difficulty for readers of the journal. Therefore, we want to present the raw version of these figures without smoothing or baseline correction. Additionally, Figure 2 had a labeling issue which now has been corrected. We apologize for these mistakes which will not affect the scientific conclusions.
ANS‐SCMC: A matrix completion method based on adaptive neighbourhood similarity and sparse constraints for predicting microbe‐disease associations
Authors: Wen Haoran , Zhong Xue , Lin Lieqing , Chen Langcheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe use of matrix completion methods to predict the association between microbes and diseases can effectively improve treatment efficiency. However, the similarity measures used in the existing methods are often influenced by various factors such as neighbourhood size, choice of similarity metric, or multiple parameters for similarity fusion, making it challenging. Additionally, matrix completion is currently limited by the sparsity of the initial association matrix, which restricts its predictive performance. To address these problems, we propose a matrix completion method based on adaptive neighbourhood similarity and sparse constraints (ANS‐SCMC) for predict microbe‐disease potential associations. Adaptive neighbourhood similarity learning dynamically uses the decomposition results as effective information for the next learning iteration by simultaneously performing local manifold structure learning and decomposition. This approach effectively preserves fine local structure information and avoids the influence of weight parameters directly involved in similarity measurement. Additionally, the sparse constraint‐based matrix completion approach can better handle the sparsity challenge in the association matrix. Finally, the algorithm we proposed has achieved significantly higher predictive performance in the validation compared to several commonly used prediction methods proposed to date. Furthermore, in the case study, the prediction algorithm achieved an accuracy of up to 80% for the top 10 microbes associated with type 1 diabetes and 100% for Crohn's disease respectively.
Multi‐dataset identification of innovative feature genes and molecular mechanisms in keratoconus
Authors: Lyu Ning , Dai Yiqin , Wu Jiawen , Fan Yidan , Lyu Zhaoyuan , Gu Jiayu , Cheng Jingyi , Xu Jianjiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to identify feature genes and explore the molecular mechanisms of keratoconus (KC). We downloaded data files from NCBI GEO public database. The Limma package was used for differential expression analysis of gene profiles. Lasso regression was used to identify the feature genes. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to infer the proportion of immune‐infiltrating cells and analyse the correlation between gene expression levels and immune cells. Related transcription factors and miRNAs of key genes were predicted using the Cistrome DB and Mircode databases. Analysis of expression differences in disease genes was based on the GeneCards database. The CMap was used to analyse targeted therapeutic drugs. IHC was performed to verify the expression levels of ATOH7 and MYRF in corneas. Exactly 593 upregulated and 473 downregulated genes were identified. Lasso regression analysis identified ATOH7, DBNDD1, RNF217‐AS1, ARL11, MYRF and SNORA74B as feature genes for KC. All key genes were correlated with immune infiltration and the levels of activated memory CD4+ T cells and plasma cells were significantly increased. miRNA, IRF and STAT families were correlated to feature genes. The expression levels of key genes were significantly correlated to KC‐related genes. Entinostat, ochratoxin‐a, diphencyprone and GSK‐3‐inhibitor‐II were predicted as potential KC medications. The expression of MYRF was significantly higher in the KC samples, contrary to the expression of ATOH7. KC is related to both immune infiltration and genetic factors. MYRF and ATOH7 were newly identified and verified feature genes of KC.
Nature and nurture in fussy eating from toddlerhood to early adolescence: findings from the Gemini twin cohort
Authors: Nas Zeynep , Herle Moritz , Kininmonth Alice R. , Smith Andrea D. , Bryant‐Waugh Rachel , Fildes Alison , Llewellyn Clare H. 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundFood fussiness (FF) describes the tendency to eat a small range of foods, due to pickiness and/or reluctance to try new foods. A common behaviour during childhood, and a considerable cause of caregiver concern; its causes are poorly understood. This is the first twin study of genetic and environmental contributions to the developmental trajectory of FF from toddlerhood to early adolescence, and stability and change over time.MethodsParticipants were from Gemini, a population‐based British cohort of n = 4,804 twins born in 2007. Parents reported on FF using the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire ‘FF’ scale when children were 16 months (n = 3,854), 3 (n = 2,666), 5 (n = 2,098), 7 (n = 703), and 13 years old (n = 970). A mixed linear model examined the trajectory of FF, and a correlated factors twin model quantified genetic and environmental contributions to variation in and covariation between trajectory parameters. A longitudinal Cholesky twin model examined genetic and environmental influences on FF at each discrete age.ResultsWe modelled a single FF trajectory for all children, which was characterised by increases from 16 months to 7 years, followed by a slight decline from 7 to 13 years. All trajectory parameters were under strong genetic influence (>70%) that was largely shared, indicated by high genetic correlations. Discrete age analyses showed that genetic influence on FF increased significantly after toddlerhood (16 months: 60%, 95% CI: 53%–67%; 3 years: 83%; 81%–86%), with continuing genetic influence as indicated by significant genetic overlap across every age. Shared environmental influences were only significant during toddlerhood. Unique environmental influences explained 15%–26% of the variance over time, with some enduring influence from 5 years onwards.ConclusionsIndividual differences in FF were largely explained by genetic factors at all ages. Fussy eating also shows a significant proportion of environmental influence, especially in toddlerhood, and may, therefore, benefit from early interventions throughout childhood. Future work needs to refine the FF trajectory and explore specific trajectory classes.
Classification of Pesticide Residues in Sorghum Based on Hyperspectral and Gradient Boosting Decision Trees
Authors: Hu Xinjun , Zhang Jiahong , Lei Yu , Tian Jianping , Peng Jianheng , Chen Manjiao 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTo address the challenges posed by chemical methods for detecting pesticide residues in sorghum, such as complicated sample preparation and prolonged detection periods, this study presents a rapid and nondestructive detection approach based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology. A group of sorghum without pesticide residues and three groups uniformly sprayed with pesticides were used in this study. Firstly, support vector machine (SVM) classification models were built using spectral data preprocessed with Savitzky–Golay (SG), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and standard normal variate (SNV) methods, respectively, and SNV was determined to be the best preprocessing method. Secondly, the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) algorithm, principal component analysis (PCA), and the successive projections algorithm (SPA) were respectively used to extract feature wavelengths. Pesticide residue identification models based on full and feature wavelengths were then respectively established using backpropagation neural network (BPNN), SVM, and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). The results show that the BPNN model developed using the feature wavelengths obtained from GBDT was the best for identification of pesticide residues, with an accuracy of 97.8% for both the training and testing sets. Finally, visualization of pesticide residue species in sorghum was achieved using the optimal model. This study demonstrates that utilizing HSI in conjunction with the GBDT‐BPNN model is an effective, rapid, and nondestructive method for identifying pesticide residues in sorghum.
Comparison of full‐arch mandibular reconstruction with dental implants using completely splinted or segmentally splinted prostheses with two different occlusal schemes: A finite‐element analysis
Authors: Abrishamkar Sarah , Fathi Amirhossein , Ghorbani Mahsa , Mosharraf Ramin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to comparatively analyze full‐arch mandibular reconstruction using dental implants. It focused on two distinct prosthesis configurations: completely splinted and segmentally splinted. These configurations were evaluated under two different occlusal schemes—group function and canine guidance—utilizing finite element analysis (FEA).Materials and MethodsThe methodology involved developing three‐dimensional finite element models from computed tomography data acquired from an edentulous patient. Six dental implants were utilized to complete the mandibular reconstruction. Prosthetic reconstruction was conducted with completely and segmentally splinted prostheses, each employing group function and canine guidance occlusal schemes. Consequently, four distinct models were analyzed. Following meshing, a 200 N load was applied at a 30‐degree angle. Subsequent evaluation encompassed stress, strain distribution, and the overall deformation of the implants, crowns, and underlying bone structure assessment.ResultsThe group function occlusal scheme generally exhibited lower stress values than the canine guidance occlusal scheme, with three‐piece prostheses demonstrating even lower stress levels than one‐piece prostheses. Conversely, the canine guidance occlusal scheme exhibited higher stress values overall.ConclusionThe findings of this study may assist clinicians in selecting the most effective occlusal scheme and prosthetic configuration for implant‐supported mandibular restorations, potentially enhancing treatment outcomes and reducing the risk of mechanical complications. In summary, results indicated that group function loading, irrespective of prosthesis type, offers more uniform load distribution and lower stress values, making it a preferable choice over canine guidance. Within the group function occlusal scheme, three‐piece prostheses demonstrated lower stress values than one‐piece prostheses, but the clinical significance of this difference appears to be minimal.
Examination of the relationship between ABO/Rh blood groups and dietary compliance in children with coeliac disease: A single‐centre experience
Authors: Yavuz Sibel , Çil Metin , Turgut Mehmet 
Published: September 2024

AimCoeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy that develops upon ingestion of food containing gluten. The established link between ABO blood groups and numerous infectious and non‐infectious illnesses prompted this investigation into blood group distribution and its relationship with dietary compliance among children diagnosed with CD.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients with CD who were followed for ≥1 year at the paediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic of our hospital were evaluated. History, physical examination and coeliac serology results were reviewed for each patient. Patients were divided into two groups based on self‐reported compliance to a gluten‐free diet: diet‐adherent and non‐diet‐adherent. Patient and control groups were examined in terms of ABO blood groups.ResultsA total of 177 patients with CD were included in the study. A control group of 211 age‐ and sex‐matched children without any chronic disease who had undergone blood group testing for various reasons was included for comparison. A total of 65% (n = 115) of the patients were girls, and 35% (n = 62) were boys. No significant relationship was found between CD diagnosis and ABO blood groups among patients (P = 0.559). Furthermore, the dietary compliance status of the patients was not associated with any specific blood group (P = 0.951).ConclusionNo notable difference was found between patients with CD with or without gluten‐free diet compliance in terms of the distribution of ABO blood groups and Rhesus (Rh) factor. Therefore, it can be inferred that all blood groups and subgroups carry an equal risk for CD.
Embracing Biological Control of Septoria Tritici Blotch for Sustainable Wheat Protection
Authors: Suarez‐Fernandez Marta , De Francesco Agustina 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWheat, one of the top‐produced cereals worldwide, is affected by many abiotic and biotic stresses, such as the ascomycete fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch (STB). STB has historically been managed with fungicides, but the pathogen readily overcomes chemical control because of its rapid genetic evolution. In addition, many fungicides are now being banned or limited by governments aiming for more environment‐friendly methods for pest management. This scenario gave rise to thinking about alternative control means such as biological control agents (BCAs) and organism‐derived biomolecules (ODBs). In this work, we review microbial BCA candidates and ODBs currently studied for the control of STB. Key studies have identified successful candidates including bacterial strains of the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus, and fungal strains such as Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium olsonii and Acremonium alternatum. In addition, lesser‐studied fungi, bacteria and compounds have been tested. Despite promising research, no BCA or ODB has been registered or commercially used against STB, and field trials are notably lacking, with existing studies being limited in scale. Further understanding of the interactions between Z. tritici and the wheat microbiome may uncover new potential candidates for STB biocontrol.
Additional criteria on scintigraphic testing for diagnosis of rapid colonic transit in patients with chronic diarrhea
Authors: Lupianez‐Merly Camille , Dilmaghani Saam , Jencks Kara , Eckert Deborah , Ryks Michael , Burton Duane , Camilleri Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundColonic transit (CT) measured by validated scintigraphy using 111In‐labeled activated charcoal particles is summarized using geometric center (GC) of isotopic distribution in four colonic regions and stool at 24 and 48 h. Diagnosis of rapid CT is currently based on GC24 ≥4.4 in females and >4.7 in males, which lack sensitivity. Our aim was to evaluate, in patients with chronic diarrhea with normal CT by GC24 and GC48, the diagnostic utility of CT change (∆GC) relative to sex‐matched normal values.MethodsWe evaluated two adult patient cohorts: 701 clinical patients (1994–2023) with chronic diarrhea and 76 research participants with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (N = 63) or bile acid diarrhea (BAD, N = 13). Results of ∆GC were compared to 220 healthy controls' 95th percentiles (%ile) (≥2.0 females and ≥2.2 males). In the research cohort, we also analyzed (Spearman correlation) colonic ∆GC with ascending colon emptying T1/2 (AC T1/2), average stool frequency and consistency based on a daily diary, total fecal bile acid (BA) concentration, and % primary BA in a single stool sample.Key ResultsAmong 701 clinical patients with normal GC24, 160 (22.3%) had rapid CT based on ∆GC 95th %ile in health. Among 76 research participants, an additional 20.6% IBS‐D and 23% BAD had rapid CT ∆GC. Younger age and absence of diabetes mellitus were predictive of rapid ∆GC. ∆GC significantly correlated with AC T1/2 and with fecal BA.Conclusions & Inferences∆GC identified an additional 21%–23% patients with rapid colonic transit among patients with diarrhea and normal GC24.