bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade restrictiveness indices in the presence of externalities: An application to non‐tariff measures
Authors: Beghin John Christopher , Disdier Anne‐Célia , Marette Stéphan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe extend the trade restrictiveness index approach to the case of market imperfections and domestic regulations addressing them. We focus on standard‐like non‐tariff measures (NTMs) affecting cost of production and potentially enhancing demand by reducing negative externalities. We apply the framework to the database of Kee et al. and derive ad valorem equivalents (AVEs) for technical measures. About 39% of the product lines affected by NTMs exhibit negative AVEs, indicating a net trade‐facilitating effect of these measures. Accounting for these effects significantly reduces previous measures of countries’ trade policy restrictiveness obtained while constraining these NTMs to be trade‐reducing.
Soluble and membrane-bound interleukin (IL)-15 Rα/IL-15 complexes mediate proliferation of high-avidity central memory CD8+ T cells for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer and infections
Authors: Hasan A N , Selvakumar A , Shabrova E , Liu X-R , Afridi F , Heller G , Riviere I , Sadelain M , Dupont B , O'Reilly R J 
Published: May 2016

Summary
The lack of persistence of infused T cells is a principal limitation of adoptive immunotherapy in man. Interleukin (IL)-15 can sustain memory T cell expansion when presented in complex with IL-15Rα (15Rα/15). We developed a novel in-vitro system for generation of stable 15Rα/15 complexes. Immunologically quantifiable amounts of IL-15 were obtained when both IL-15Rα and IL-15 genes were co-transduced in NIH 3T3 fibroblast-based artificial antigen-presenting cells expressing human leucocyte antigen (HLA) A:0201, β2 microglobulin, CD80, CD58 and CD54 [A2-artificial antigen presenting cell (AAPC)] and a murine pro-B cell line (Baf-3) (A2-AAPC15Rα/15and Baf-315Rα/15). Transduction of cells with IL-15 alone resulted in only transient expression of IL-15, with minimal amounts of immunologically detectable IL-15. In comparison, cells transduced with IL-15Rα alone (A2-AAPCRα) demonstrated stable expression of IL-15Rα; however, when loaded with soluble IL-15 (sIL-15), these cells sequestered 15Rα/15 intracellularly and also demonstrated minimal amounts of IL-15. Human T cells stimulated in vitro against a viral antigen (CMVpp65) in the presence of 15Rα/15 generated superior yields of high-avidity CMVpp65 epitope-specific T cells [cytomegalovirus-cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CMV-CTLs)] responding to ≤ 10− 13 M peptide concentrations, and lysing targets cells at lower effector : target ratios (1 : 10 and 1 : 100), where sIL-15, sIL-2 or sIL-7 CMV-CTLs demonstrated minimal or no activity. Both soluble and surface presented 15Rα/15, but not sIL-15, sustained in-vitro expansion of CD62L+ and CCR7+ central memory phenotype CMV-CTLs (TCM). 15Rα/15 complexes represent a potent adjuvant for augmenting the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy. Such cell-bound or soluble 15Rα/15 complexes could be developed for use in combination immunotherapy approaches.
Terapeutic Potential of Microencapsulated Sertoli Cells in Huntington Disease
Authors: Luca Giovanni , Bellezza Ilaria , Arato Iva , Di Pardo Alba , Mancuso Francesca , Calvitti Mario , Falabella Giulia , Bartoli Sara , Maglione Vittorio , Amico Enrico , Favellato Mariagrazia , Basta Giuseppe , Bodo Maria , Minelli Alba , Calafiore Riccardo , Frati Luigi , Squitieri Ferdinando 
Published: May 2016

SummaryIntroductionImmune dysfunction, promoted by pro‐inflammatory cytokines, plays a pivotal role in neurodegeneration associated with Huntington's disease.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the emerging immunoregulatory and antiinflammatory properties of Sertoli cells in Huntington's disease.MethodsThe experimental R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease was treated by a single intraperitoneal injection of microencapsulated prepubertal porcine Sertoli cells and lifespan, motor performance and striatal inflammatory pattern have been evaluated.ResultsThe results of this study demonstrated that a single intraperitoneal injection of microencapsulated prepubertal porcine Sertoli cells uniquely improved performances and extended the life expectancy of R6/2 Huntington's disease mice, by immune dysfunction modulation in brain.ConclusionsThis study highlights the immunomodulatory and trophic role of Sertoli cells that could be of help in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Early subclinical inflammation correlates with outcomes in positive crossmatch kidney allografts
Authors: Dean Patrick G. , Park Walter D. , Cornell Lynn D. , Schinstock Carrie A. , Stegall Mark D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate correlations between early subclinical findings (10‐ and 90‐day histology and gene expression data) and late outcomes (transplant glomerulopathy and graft loss) in positive crossmatch kidney transplants (+XMKTx). We compared 34 +XMKTx (19 receiving eculizumab and 15 receiving standard of care without eculizumab) to 13 −XMKTx (between August 2001 and August 2011). At 10 days, light microscopy identified subclinical inflammation in only 18% of +XMKTx, while intragraft gene expression identified inflammation in 79% (gene sets for activated macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells or T cells). Inflammation persisted at 90 days and was associated with the development of transplant glomerulopathy by 2 years and graft loss. In contrast, endothelial cell (EC) changes present at 90 days by either electron microscopy or gene expression were not associated with transplant glomerulopathy or graft loss in this cohort. Eculizumab treatment did not appear to alter inflammation or EC changes. Therefore, intragraft inflammation might be an appropriate surrogate marker of progression and also a target of therapy to prevent chronic antibody‐mediated rejection.
Secondary visual cortex is critical to the expression of surprise‐induced enhancements in cue associability in rats
Authors: Schiffino Felipe L. , Holland Peter C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractConsiderable evidence indicates that reinforcement prediction error, the difference between the obtained and expected reinforcer values, modulates attention to potential cues for reinforcement. The surprising delivery or omission of a reinforcer enhances the associability of the stimuli that were present when the error was induced, so that they more readily enter into new associations in the future. Previous research from our laboratory identified brain circuit elements critical to the enhancement of stimulus associability by omission of an expected event and to the subsequent expression of that altered associability in more rapid learning. A key finding was that the rat posterior parietal cortex was essential during the encoding, consolidation and retrieval of associability memories that were altered by the surprising omission of an expected event in a serial prediction task. Here, we found that the function of adjacent secondary visual cortex was critical only to the expression of altered cue associability in that same task. This specialization of function is discussed in the context of broader cortical and subcortical networks for modulation of attention in associative learning, as well as recent anatomical investigations that suggest that the rodent posterior parietal cortex overlaps with and may subsume secondary visual cortex.
Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy: Theoretical Background, Empirical Research, and Dissemination
Authors: Roddy McKenzie K. , Nowlan Kathryn M. , Doss Brian D. , Christensen Andrew 
Published: May 2016

Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT), developed by Drs. Andrew Christensen and Neil Jacobson, builds off the tradition of behavioral couple therapy by including acceptance strategies as key components of treatment. Results from a large randomized clinical trial of IBCT indicate that it yields large and significant gains in relationship satisfaction. Furthermore, these benefits have been shown to persist for at least 5 years after treatment for the average couple. Not only does IBCT positively impact relationship constructs such as satisfaction and communication, but the benefits of therapy extend to individual, co‐parenting, and child functioning. Moreover, IBCT has been shown to operate through the putative mechanisms of improvements in emotional acceptance, behavior change, and communication. IBCT was chosen for nationwide training and dissemination through the Veteran Affairs Medical Centers. Furthermore, the principles of IBCT have been translated into a web‐based intervention for distressed couples, OurRelationship.com. IBCT is continuing to evolve and grow as research and technologies allow for continued evaluation and dissemination of this well‐supported theoretical model.
Economic impact of combined torrefaction and pelletization processes on forestry biomass supply
Authors: Li Yuanzhe , Tittmann Peter , Parker Nathan , Jenkins Bryan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe cost of supplying wood biomass from forestry operations in remote areas has been an obstacle to expansion of forest‐based bioenergy in much of the western United States. Economies of scale in the production of liquid fuels from lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks favor large centralized biorefineries. Increasing transportation efficiency through torrefaction and pelletization at distributed satellite facilities may serve as a means to expand the utilization of forestry residuals in biofuel production. To investigate this potential, a mixed‐integer linear program was developed to optimize the feedstock supply chain design with and without distributed pretreatment. The model uses techno‐economic assessment of scale‐dependent biomass pretreatment processes from existing literature and multimodal biomass transportation cost evaluations derived from a spatially explicit network analysis as input. In addition, the sensitivity of the optimal system configuration was determined for variations of key input parameters including the production scale of pretreatment facilities, road and rail transportation costs, and feedstock procurement costs. Torrefaction and densification were found to reduce transportation costs by $0.84 per GJ and overall delivered costs by $0.24 per GJ, representing 14.5% and 5.2% cost reductions compared to feedstock collection without pretreatment. Significant uncertainties remain in terms of the costs associated with deploying torrefaction equipment at the scales modeled, but the level of potential cost savings suggests further analysis and development of these alternatives.
Lipolysis, lipid peroxidation and texture of Serrano ham processed under different ripening temperature conditions
Authors: del Olmo Ana , Calzada Javier , Nuñez Manuel 
Published: May 2016

SummaryLipolysis, lipid peroxidation, texture and rancid taste were investigated in Serrano hams processed under low, medium and high ripening temperature conditions (RTC) for 15 months. Medium RTC hams showed the highest contents of saturated and monounsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) from month 5 to 15 and of polyunsaturated FFAs from month 7 to 12. The primary peroxidation index decreased during ripening in all hams, with higher levels for low RTC hams from month 5 onwards. Contrarily, the secondary peroxidation index increased during ripening in all hams, with higher levels for medium RTC hams from month 7 onwards. Texture parameters varied significantly among ham muscles. Shear force increased during ripening in all hams, with higher values for medium RTC hams, whereas cutting force was not influenced by RTC or ripening time. Rancid taste scarcely developed during ripening and was not affected by RTC.
Fatty acid and phytosterol accumulation during seed development in three oilseed species
Authors: Roche Jane , Mouloungui Zephirin , Cerny Muriel , Merah Othmane 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis study was carried out to compare the kinetic accumulation of bioactive lipids during seed development in three oil crops rapeseed, sunflower and woad. Field experiments were conducted under organic conditions during 3 years. After flowering, seeds were collected each 4–5 days until harvest. The three species differed by the quantity and quality of both fatty acids and sterols. Higher levels of phytosterols and fatty acids were reached between 20 and 40 days after flowering (DAF) in sunflower, 40 and 60 DAF in rapeseed and 25 and 45 DAF for woad. The modification of lipid composition during the grain filling depends on species. Knowledge of the composition and accumulation of fatty acids and phytosterols in sunflower, rapeseed and woad seeds would assist in efforts to achieve industrial applications. These seeds may give an interesting source of bioactive lipids.
Optimum anesthesia for reliable urethral pressure profilometry in female dogs and goats
Authors: Dybowski Bartosz , Burdzińska Anna , Siewruk Katarzyna , Dąbrowski Michał , Pączek Leszek , Radziszewski Piotr 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of propofol and isoflurane on urethral pressure profilometry of female dogs and goats, and to identify the method of anesthesia that least influences urethral pressure profilometry and to assess its reproducibility.MethodsThe effects of premedication with midazolam, propofol sedation and isoflurane anesthesia were assessed in five female dogs. The effects of propofol and isoflurane were compared in seven goats, whereas in another group of 19 goats, the state of deep propofol sedation was compared with the state of recovery from propofol sedation. The coefficient of reproducibility and within‐subject coefficient of variation were calculated to evaluate test–retest reproducibility.ResultsIn conscious female dogs, maximal urethral closure pressure and functional area were significantly higher than under propofol or isoflurane (P = 0.04), but not different from the recovery state. In six of seven goats, maximal urethral closure pressure and functional area were higher when measured under propofol sedation than under isoflurane (median maximal urethral closure pressure, 69 vs 47 cmH2O; P = 0.03). Maximal urethral closure pressure was lower under propofol than during recovery from propofol in 17 of 19 goats (median maximal urethral closure pressure, 54 vs 66 cmH2O; P < 0.001). The test–retest coefficient of reproducibility for goats was 28 cmH2O, and the within‐subject coefficient of variation was 16%.ConclusionsIn dogs, urethral pressure profilometry should be measured in conscious animals whenever possible. In goats, urethral pressure profilometry is least affected during recovery from propofol sedation, and it shows acceptable reproducibility under this condition.
Gustatory receptors in Lepidoptera: chemosensation and beyond
Authors: Agnihotri A. R. , Roy A. A. , Joshi R. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLepidoptera is one of the most widespread insect orders and includes several agriculturally important insect species. Ecological success of the lepidopteran insects partly depends on their adaptive chemoreception tactics, which play an important role in the selection of hosts, egg‐laying sites and mates. Members of the G‐protein coupled receptor family, gustatory receptors (GRs), are an integral part of the Lepidoptera chemosensory machinery. They are expressed in chemosensory neurones and are known to detect different environmental stimuli. Here, we discuss various aspects of the lepidopteran GRs with an emphasis on their roles in different processes such as chemosensation, host selection and adaptation. Phylogenetic analyses have shown that the large diversity of GR genes may have been generated through gene duplication and positive selection events, which also show lineage‐ and tissue‐specific expression. Moreover, lepidopteran GR proteins are diverse and demonstrate broad ligand selectivity for several molecules including sugars, deterrents, salts and CO2. Binding of ligands to GRs generates multiple downstream changes at the cellular level, which are followed by changes in behaviour. GRs play a critical role in chemosensation and influence the insect's behaviour. Overall, insect GRs are potential targets in the design of effective insect control strategies.
Co‐existence of histopathological features is characteristic in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms and correlates with high grades of cutaneous abnormalities
Authors: Cho Y.‐T. , Liau J.‐Y. , Chang C.‐Y. , Yang C.‐W. , Chen K.‐L. , Chen Y.‐C. , Song H.‐L. , Chu C.‐Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundOnly few studies had investigated the histopathological presentations of drug reaction with eosinophilia with systemic symptoms (DRESS). The results of these studies were diverse and not conclusive. A characteristic histopathological feature is still lacking.ObjectiveWe tempted to identify characteristic histopathological features in DRESS and to correlate them with clinical presentations.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from patients treated from 1998 through 2015. Available skin specimens from probable or definite cases according to the RegiSCAR criteria were analysed for histopathological patterns, which were then compared with the patients' clinical presentations. Chi‐squared test was used for comparisons, while Bonferroni correction was applied if multiple comparison tests were encountered.ResultsFifty‐six patients with an average age of 52 years were identified, including 22 definite cases. The single most common histopathological pattern was interface dermatitis (75%). The co‐existence of two or more patterns in a skin specimen was common (62.5%). In such cases, the co‐existence of three patterns (the eczematous pattern, the interface dermatitis pattern and the vascular damage pattern) was most frequently encountered. It exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of being definite cases (P = 0.004) and was significantly associated with high grades of cutaneous abnormalities (P < 0.001). It showed a trend towards having higher grades of haematological abnormalities in patients with co‐existence of three patterns (P = 0.04). In addition, patients with the co‐existence of three patterns tended to have a higher rate of reactivation of human herpesvirus‐6 than those with other patterns but not statistically significant (P = 0.052).ConclusionThe co‐existence of three histopathological patterns in a skin specimen is characteristic in DRESS and shows a significant association with clinical severity.
Soil application of silicon reduces yellow stem borer,Scirpophaga incertulas(Walker) damage in rice
Authors: Jeer M. , Telugu U. M. , Voleti S. R. , Padmakumari A. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe effect of soil application of rice husk ash (RHA), a cheap renewable source of silicon, and imidazole (a silicon solubilizer and carrier) on yellow stem borer (YSB),Scirpophaga incertulas(Walker), and its damage to rice plants were investigated. Treatments included soil application ofRHA(T1), imidazole (T2),RHA + imidazole (applied once at vegetative stage, T3) andRHA + imidazole (applied twice at both vegetative and booting stages of crop growth, T4) with an untreated control (T5). The effect was tested in five varieties, viz.,BPT5204,KRH2, Pusa Basmati 1,MTU1010 and Vandana. All the soil treatments reduced damage byYSBat vegetative and reproductive phases across five varieties as compared to untreated control. Scanning electron micrograph and electron‐dispersive X‐ray spectrum analysis of stem tissue of rice varietyBPT5204 treated with silicon revealed the enhanced deposition of silicon in cell walls and 2.1‐ to 5.3‐fold increase in silicon content across treatments. Larvae collected from the silicon‐treated plants had worn mandibles, and the histological studies showed rupture of the peritrophic membrane, increased vacuolation, disintegration of columnar cells and discharge of cellular contents into the gut lumen due to abrasion of midgut epithelium, as compared to untreated control where the columnar cells and midgut lining were intact. Although all the treatments were effective, T4‐imidazole applied twice along withRHAwas more effective in reducingYSBdamage followed by T3‐imidazole applied once withRHAat tillering stage, T2‐imidazole alone and T1‐RHAin the descending order of efficacy.
Association Between Hypovitaminosis D in Elderly Women and Long‐ and Short‐Term Mortality—Results from the Osteoporotic Prospective Risk Assessment Cohort
Authors: Buchebner David , McGuigan Fiona , Gerdhem Paul , Ridderstråle Martin , Akesson Kristina 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between low vitamin D levels (<50 nmol/L) and 10‐year mortality in women aged 75 and older.DesignProspective with 15 years of follow‐up.SettingMalmö, Sweden.ParticipantsPopulation‐based cohort of 75‐year‐old women (N = 1,044).MeasurementsSerum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels at age 75 (n = 1,011), 80 (n = 642), and 85 (n = 348) were categorized as low (<50 nmol/L), intermediate (50–75 nmol/L) and high (>75 nmol/L) at all ages. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all‐cause mortality between ages 75 and 90 were calculated according to 25(OH)D category.ResultsBetween ages 80 and 90, all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3–2.4, P < .001; adjusted for comorbidities (aHR) = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4–2.6, P < .001) was significantly higher in women with low 25(OH)D levels than in those with high levels. Osteoporosis had the greatest effect on mortality, but even after excluding women with osteoporotic fracture during the risk of dying associated with low 25(OH)D remained greater (HR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2–2.7, P = .002; aHR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2–2.5, P = .006).ConclusionIn this observational study of women aged 75 and older, 25(OH)D levels of less than 50 nmol/L were associated with greater all‐cause mortality for up to 10 years. This difference was at least partially independent of comorbidities and fracture, indicating that low 25(OH)D not only is an indicator of impaired health, but also plays a role in disease outcome.
Using an Atrial Fibrillation Decision Support Tool for Thromboprophylaxis in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Sex and Age
Authors: Eckman Mark H. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Wise Ruth E. , Speer Barbara , Sullivan Megan , Walker Nita , Kissela Brett , Flaherty Matthew L. , Kleindorfer Dawn , Baker Peter , Ireton Robert , Hoskins Dave , Harnett Brett M. , Aguilar Carlos , Leonard Anthony , Arduser Lora , Steen Dylan , Costea Alexandru , Kues John 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo assess the appropriateness of oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) in women and elderly adults, looking for patterns of undertreatment or unnecessary treatment.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPrimary care practices of an academic healthcare system.ParticipantsAdults (aged 28–93) with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) seen between March 2013 and February 2014 (N = 1,585).MeasurementsTreatment recommendations were made using an AF decision support tool (AFDST) based on projections of quality‐adjusted life expectancy calculated using a decision analytical model that integrates individual‐specific risk factors for stroke and hemorrhage.ResultsTreatment was discordant from AFDST‐recommended treatment in 45% (326/725) of women and 39% (338/860) of men (P = .02). Although current treatment was discordant from recommended in 35% (89/258) of participants aged 85 and older and in 43% (575/1,328) of those younger than 85 (P = .01), many undertreated elderly adults were receiving aspirin as the sole antithrombotic agent.ConclusionPhysicians should understand that female sex is a significant risk factor for AF‐related stroke and incorporate this into decision‐making about thromboprophylaxis. Treating older adults with aspirin instead of OAT exposes them to significant risk of bleeding with little to no reduction in AF‐related stroke risk.