bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual survival curves comparing subjective and observed mortality risks
Authors: Bissonnette Luc , Hurd Michael D. , Michaud Pierre‐Carl 
Published: May 2017

SummaryWe compare individual survival curves constructed from objective (actual mortality) and elicited subjective information (probability of survival to a given target age). We develop a methodology to estimate jointly subjective and objective individual survival curves accounting for rounding on subjective reports of perceived survival. We make use of the long follow‐up period in the Health and Retirement Study and the high quality of mortality data to estimate individual survival curves that feature both observed and unobserved heterogeneity. This allows us to compare objective and subjective estimates of remaining life expectancy for various groups and compare welfare effects of objective and subjective mortality risk using the life cycle model of consumption. We find that subjective and objective hazards are not the same. The median welfare loss from misperceptions of mortality risk when annuities are not available is 7% of current wealth at age 65 whereas more than 25% of respondents have losses larger than 60% of wealth. When annuities are available and exogenously given, the welfare loss is substantially lower.
Evaporation and the subcanopy energy environment in a flooded forest
Authors: Allen Scott T. , Reba Michele L. , Edwards Brandon L. , Keim Richard F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe combination of tree canopy cover and a free water surface makes the subcanopy environment of flooded forested wetlands unlike other aquatic or terrestrial systems. Subcanopy vapour fluxes and energy budgets represent key controls on water level and understorey climate but are not well understood. In a permanently flooded forest in south‐eastern Louisiana, USA, an energy balance approach was used to address (a) whether evaporation from floodwater under a forest canopy is solely energy limited and (b) how energy availability was modulated by radiation and changes in floodwater heat storage. A 5‐month continuous measurement period (June–November) was used to sample across seasonal changes in canopy activity and temperature regimes. Over this period, the subcanopy airspace was humid, maintaining saturation vapour pressure for 28% of the total record. High humidity coupled with the thermal inertia of surface water altered both seasonal and diel energy exchanges, including atypical phenomena such as frequent day‐time vapour pressure gradients towards the water surface. Throughout the study period, nearly all available energy was partitioned to evaporation, with minimal sensible heat exchange. Monthly mean evaporation ranged from 0.7 to 1.7 mm/day, peaking in fall when canopy senescence allowed greater radiation transmission; contemporaneous seasonal temperature shifts and a net release of stored heat from the surface water resulted in energy availability exceeding net radiation by 30% in October and November. Relatively stable energy partitioning matches Priestley–Taylor assumptions for a general model of evaporation in this ecosystem.
Quantification of cloud water interception in the canopy vegetation from fog gauge measurements
Authors: Domínguez Christian Gonzalo , García Vera Miguel Francisco , Chaumont Cédric , Tournebize Julien , Villacís Marcos , d'Ozouville Noemi , Violette Sophie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWith changes in climate looming, quantifying often‐overlooked components of the canopy water budget, such as cloud water interception (CWI), is increasingly important. Commonly, CWI quantification requires detailed continuous measurements, which is extremely challenging, especially when throughfall is included. In this study, we propose a simplified approach to estimate CWI using the Rutter‐type interception model, where CWI inputs in the canopy vegetation are proportional to fog interception measured by an artificial fog gauge. The model requires the continuous acquisition of meteorological variables as input and calibration datasets. Throughfall measurements below the forest are used only for calibration and validation of the model; thus, CWI estimates can be provided even after the cessation of throughfall monitoring. This approach provides an indirect and undemanding way to quantify CWI by vegetation and allows the identification of its controlling factors, which could be useful to the comparison of CWI in contrasting land covers. The method is applied on a 2‐year dataset collected in an endemic highland forest of San Cristobal Island (Galapagos). Our results show that CWI reaches 21% ± 6% of the total water input during the first year, and 9% ± 2% during the second one. These values represent 32% ± 10% and 17% ± 5% of water inputs during the cool foggy season of the first and second year, respectively. The difference between seasons is attributed to a lower fog liquid water during the second season.
Reassessing the validity of the attachment Q‐sort: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Cadman Tim , Diamond Peter R. , Fearon Pasco 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA 2004 meta‐analysis reported good validity for the observer attachment Q‐sort (AQS), but poor validity for the parental self‐report version. Despite this, the self‐report AQS is still widely used, with researchers arguing that providing additional training can improve its validity. The aim of this study was to update the 2004 meta‐analysis. Two hundred forty‐five studies from 1987 to 2016 were included (n = 32,426). Separate meta‐analyses were conducted to examine validity and reliability. The observer AQS showed moderate convergent validity with the Strange Situation Procedure (r = .25; r = .39 for long observation periods) and good predictive validity in terms of associations with sensitivity (r = .32). It showed a relatively weak association with infant temperament (r = .21), suggesting some discriminant validity. The self‐report version showed comparable convergent validity with Strange Situation Procedure (r = .18), but significantly weaker correlations with sensitivity (r = .25) and stronger correlations with temperament (r = .33). There was no evidence that providing additional training improved the validity of the self‐report version. This study corroborates the previous finding that the observer AQS is a valid measure of infant attachment, especially after long periods of observation. The self‐report version showed significantly weaker discriminant and predictive validity.Highlights

The aim of the study was to update the 2004 meta‐analysis assessing the validity of the attachment Q‐Sort (AQS).
This study broadly replicated the findings of the previous meta-analysis, showing that the observer AQS is a valid measure of attachment.
Caution should be shown in using the self-report AQS due to its comparatively weaker predictive and discriminate validity.
Intestinal epithelial suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) impacts on mucosal homeostasis in a model of chronic inflammation
Authors: Shaw Elisabeth J. , Smith Emily E. , Whittingham‐Dowd Jayde , Hodges Matthew D. , Else Kathryn J. , Rigby Rachael J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionSuppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a tumour suppressor, limiting intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation in acute inflammation, and tumour growth, but little is known regarding its role in mucosal homeostasis. Resistance to the intestinal helminth Trichuris muris relies on an “epithelial escalator” to expel the parasite. IEC turnover is restricted by parasite‐induced indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO).MethodsMice with or without conditional knockout of SOCS3 were infected with T. muris. Crypt depth, worm burden, and proliferating cells and IDO were quantified. SOCS3 knockdown was also performed in human IEC cell lines.ResultsChronic T. muris infection increased expression of SOCS3 in wild‐type mice. Lack of IEC SOCS3 led to a modest increase in epithelial turnover. This translated to a lower worm burden, but not complete elimination of the parasite suggesting a compensatory mechanism, possibly IDO, as seen in SOCS3 knockdown.ConclusionsWe report that SOCS3 impacts on IEC turnover following T. muris infection, potentially through enhancement of IDO. IDO may dampen the immune response which can drive IEC hyperproliferation in the absence of SOCS3, demonstrating the intricate interplay of immune signals regulating mucosal homeostasis, and suggesting a novel tumour suppressor role of SOCS3.
Estimating the economic costs of organized crime by synthetic control methods
Authors: Becker Martin , Klößner Stefan 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe economic costs of organized crime have been estimated for the case of southern Italy by Pinotti (Economic Journal 2015; 125, F203–F232, 2015): using synthetic control methods, he finds that, due to the advent of the Italian Mafia in the regions Apulia and Basilicata, GDP per capita dropped by 16%. Replicating this study in a narrow sense by estimating the same model with the same data, but using different software implementations, we observe minor differences stemming from the different implementations. By identifying the correct implementation, we find that the loss in GDP per capita due to the presence of the Mafia has been slightly overestimated.
Anti‐inflammatory, anti‐osteoclastic, and antioxidant activities of genistein protect against alveolar bone loss and periodontal tissue degradation in a mouse model of periodontitis
Authors: Bhattarai Govinda , Poudel Sher Bahadur , Kook Sung‐Ho , Lee Jeong‐Chae 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGenistein, a dietary polyphenol primarily found in soy products, has beneficial effects on bone. However, the effect of genistein on inflammatory periodontal destruction has not been investigated in detail. We explored whether genistein protects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ligature‐induced periodontitis in mice. We also examined the effect of genistein on LPS‐stimulated inflammatory and oxidative stress using RAW 264.7 macrophages and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). The results from μCT and histological analyses revealed that intraperitoneal injection of genistein (20 mg/kg body weight) daily for three weeks inhibited LPS‐mediated alveolar bone loss and periodontal tissue degradation. The administration of genistein also inhibited osteoclast formation and the expression of inflammation‐related molecules in the inflamed region of mice with periodontitis. Treatment with 30–70 μM genistein significantly prevented osteoclast differentiation in receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand‐ or LPS‐stimulated macrophages by suppressing the expression of osteoclast‐specific molecules. The addition of genistein led to a dose‐dependent inhibition of the expression of inflammation‐related molecules both in LPS‐stimulated macrophages and hGFs. In addition, genistein at 50 μM protected hGFs from LPS‐mediated stresses such as mitochondrial impairment and cellular ROS accumulation. However, such protection was significantly diminished by combined treatment with 25 nM bafilomycin A1, a chemical autophagy inhibitor. Collectively, our results indicate that genistein protects against inflammatory periodontal damage by regulating autophagy induction and inhibiting osteoclast activation, the production of inflammation mediators, and mitochondrial oxidative damage. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2510–2521, 2017.
Analysis of cytotoxic effects of chlorhexidine gluconate as antiseptic agent on human blood lymphocytes
Authors: Salimi Ahmad , Alami Bahare , Pourahmad Jalal 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) on human blood lymphocytes as a useful ex vivo model for accelerated human toxicity studies. Using biochemical and flow cytometry assessments, we demonstrated that addition of CHG at 1 μM concentration to human blood lymphocytes induced cytotoxicity following 6 h. The CHG‐induced cytotoxicity on human blood lymphocytes was associated with intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, lysosomal membrane injury, lipid peroxidation, and depletion of glutathione. According to our results, CHG triggers oxidative stress and organelles damages in lymphocytes which are important cells in defense against foreign agents. Finally our findings suggest that using of antioxidants and mitochondrial/lysosomal protective agents could be of benefit for the people in the exposure with CHG.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Single‐Dose Inhaled Loxapine in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Selim Sally , Riesenberg Robert , Cassella James , Kunta Jeevan , Hellriegel Edward , Smith Mark A. , Vinks Alexander A. , Rabinovich‐Guilatt Laura 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis multisite open‐label study sought to characterize the pharmacokinetics and safety of a single dose of inhaled loxapine in children and adolescents. Loxapine powder for oral inhalation was administered via a single‐use handheld drug device to children and adolescents (aged 10–17 years) with any condition warranting chronic antipsychotic use. Patients were dosed according to body weight and cohort (<50 kg [n = 15], 2.5 or 5 mg; ≥50 kg [n = 15], 5 or 10 mg); the first 6 patients (cohort 1) enrolled in each weight group received the lower dose. Patients were enrolled in the higher‐dose group (cohort 2) after an interim pharmacokinetic and safety analysis of data from cohort 1. Blood samples were collected for 48 hours after dosing to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of loxapine and its metabolites. Safety was assessed using adverse event (AE), laboratory value, physical/neurologic examination, vital sign, electrocardiogram, suicidality, and extrapyramidal symptom assessment. Thirty patients were enrolled and evaluable for pharmacokinetics. Loxapine plasma concentrations peaked by 2 to 5 minutes in most patients; systemic exposure increased with dose in both weight subgroups. Loxapine terminal elimination half‐life was ∼13 to 17 hours. The most common AEs were sedation and dysgeusia. Sedation was severe in 1 patient in the <50‐kg group (2.5‐mg dose) and 1 patient in the ≥50‐kg group (5‐mg dose). No AEs indicative of bronchospasm or other serious AEs were reported. Inhaled loxapine was rapidly absorbed and generally well tolerated in pediatric patients; no new safety signals were observed.
Factors controlling adsorption of recalcitrant organic contaminant from bio‐treated coking wastewater using lignite activated coke and coal tar‐derived activated carbon
Authors: Zhang Chen , Li Jianfeng , Chen Zuliang , Cheng Fangqin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDLow‐cost coal‐based carbonaceous material has attracted special attention for removal of organics from industrial wastewaters. In this study, coal tar‐derived activated carbon (AC1) and lignite activated coke (AC2) were employed to identify the fundamental factors that facilitate the selection of suitable adsorbents for removing recalcitrant organic contaminant (ROC) from bio‐treated coking wastewater (BTCW).RESULTSResults show that AC2 exhibited superior ROC adsorption efficiency (57.9%), which was apparently higher than that of AC1 (45.2%), in spite of its lower specific surface area (238.05 m2 g−1) and pore volume (0.21 cm3 g−1). FTIR and XPS characterization indicated that AC2 possessed a distinctive configuration of functional groups, of which the basic oxygenic groups (60%) provided more hydrophobic adsorption sites for ROC. 3D‐EEM spectra suggested more aromatics and fluorescent materials were removed by AC2 compared with AC1. GC‐MS further confirmed that AC2 had stronger affinity with the ROC in BTCW, especially for PAHs and heterocyclic compounds.CONCLUSIONSurface chemistry is vital to the adsorption of ROC from coking wastewater, of which basic oxygenic functional groups have specific interactions with PAHs and heterocyclic compounds. The mechanism that best explains ROC adsorption is π–π dispersion between carbon materials and the pollutants, as well as the hydrogen‐bonding interactions. This study provides an encouraging and practical guide to ROC adsorption from BTCW in future operations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Treatment of 1,2‐dichloroethane and n‐hexane in a combined system of non‐thermal plasma catalysis reactor coupled with a biotrickling filter
Authors: Jiang Liying , Li Sha , Cheng Zhuowei , Chen Jianmeng , Nie Guofeng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDA combined system with non‐thermal plasma catalysis, CuO/MnO2 as the catalyst, and biotrickling filter (BTF) unit for the treatment of gases containing 1,2‐dichloroethane and n‐hexane was investigated.RESULTSThe degradation of single 1,2‐dichloroethane in the combined system was superior to that of the single BTF system. The combined system exhibited better adaptability when facing sudden changes in inlet concentrations and empty bed residence time. The presence of catalysts in the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor helped to reduce ozone generation and increase CO2 production and selectivity. Water solubility and degradability of the byproducts were also enhanced by the catalysts in the DBD reactor. Further studies showed that the degradation of 1,2‐dichloroethane and n‐hexane mixed exhaust gases and the re‐acclimation performance after starvation in the combined system were better than those in the single BTF. Analysis of microbial communities showed higher biological diversity and abundance of microbial communities in the single‐BTF system compared with the combined system.CONCLUSIONThe combined system with plasma‐catalysis as pretreatment for the BTF can be used effectively to remove slowly biodegradable pollutants and has better stability and adaptability to changes in experimental conditions. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Progranulin increases phagocytosis by retinal pigment epithelial cells in culture
Authors: Murase Hiromi , Tsuruma Kazuhiro , Kuse Yoshiki , Shimazawa Masamitsu , Hara Hideaki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRetinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells take part in retinal preservation, such as phagocytizing the shed photoreceptor outer segments (POS), every day. The incomplete phagocytic function accelerates RPE degeneration and formation of the toxic by‐product lipofuscin. Excessive lipofuscin accumulation is characteristic of various blinding diseases in the human eye. Progranulin is a cysteine‐rich protein that has multiple biological activities, and it has a high presence in the retina. Progranulin has been recognized to be involved in macrophage phagocytosis in the brain. The purpose of this study is to determine whether progranulin influences phagocytosis by RPE cells. All experiments were performed on primary human RPE (hRPE) cells in culture. pHrodo was used to label the isolated porcine POS, and quantification of pHrodo fluorescence was used to determine the degree of phagocytosis. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry of key proteins involved in phagocytosis were used to clarify the mechanism of progranulin. Progranulin increased RPE phagocytosis in hydrogen peroxide–treated and nontreated RPE cells. The phosphorylated form of Mer tyrosine kinase, which is important for POS internalization, was significantly increased in the progranulin‐exposed cells. This increase was attenuated by SU11274, an inhibitor of hepatic growth factor receptor. Under the oxidative stress condition, exposure to progranulin led to an approximately twofold increase in integrin alpha‐v, which is associated with the first step in recognition of POS by RPE cells. These results suggest that progranulin could be an effective stimulator for RPE phagocytosis and could repair RPE function. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reconstruction of historical aerosol optical depth time series over Romania during summertime
Authors: Dumitrescu Alexandru , Gueymard Chris A. , Badescu Viorel 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTGround‐based meteorological observations are used here as proxy data, as well as aerosol reanalysis estimates for training, to reconstruct aerosol optical depth (AOD) time series over Romania during a multidecadal period (1961–2015). The approach uses sunshine duration fraction (SDF) data computed for cloudless summer days (identified from 6‐hourly cloud observations) and AOD data from the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA‐2) reanalysis. MERRA‐2 AOD data were validated first by comparing them to high‐quality AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) ground observations at eight stations located in Central and Eastern Europe. The comparison of MERRA‐2 AOD data with AERONET ground observations showed that the reanalysis estimates are reasonably accurate, but tend to underestimate AOD in the region of interest. Spaceborne AOD observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were also considered, but were found too biased and not complete enough for this task.A significant linear relationship between MERRA‐2's AOD and SDF data at the 57 of the 86 available stations was found, allowing the use of both a linear and bivariate regression models to back‐calculate the historical AOD time series from SDF observations. This reconstruction is restricted to clear summer days here because of the limited temporal resolution of the available cloud observations. The long‐term trends of the computed AOD time series correctly delineate the expected dimming and brightening periods that have been widely reported over Europe. The proposed method is suitable over areas where very long and concomitant time series of daily sunshine and hourly cloud observations are available, but also has limitations that are discussed.
Physiochemical and functional properties of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) skin gelatin extracted at different temperatures
Authors: Liu Yang , Xia Lining , Jia Hui , Li Qi , Jin Wengang , Dong Xiuping , Pan Jinfeng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAquatic source gelatins are gaining more attention due to the advantages in safety and religion acceptability compared with mammalian sources. For understanding the effects of extracting temperature on gelatins from chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) skins (GCSS), gelatins were extracted at temperatures from 40 to 90°C and the physiochemical properties of GCSS were investigated.RESULTSGCSS yield increased while imino acids content declined as the increase of temperature. GCSS40, 50 and 60 showed strong β‐, α1‐ and α2‐chains but the three faded in GCSS70, 80 and 90, with the presence of low molecular weight fragments. Amides A, I and III were shifted to higher wavenumber in GCSS70, 80 and 90 compared with that of GCSS40, 50 and 60. X‐ray diffraction showed lower intensity of peak at 7° in GCSS80 and 90 than in the other GCSS. Gel strength declined while a*, b* and ΔE* value increased as temperature increased. Foam expansion and stability of GCSS40, 50 and 60 were lower than those of GCSS70, 80 and 90. Emulsion activity and stability decreased as temperature increased.CONCLUSIONExtracting temperature greatly affected yield, molecular composition and functionalities of GCSS. A temperature lower than 50°C is recommended for GCSS extraction. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry