bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased levels of PDI and P5 in oligodendrocytes in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Honjo Yasuyuki , Ayaki Takashi , Tomiyama Takami , Horibe Tomohisa , Ito Hidefumi , Mori Hiroshi , Takahashi Ryosuke , Kawakami Koji 
Published: July 2017

AbstractProtein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a chaperone protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Nitric oxide‐induced S‐nitrosylation of PDI inhibits its enzymatic activity, leading to protein accumulation and activation of the unfolded protein response. Protein disulfide isomerase P5 (P5) is a member of the PDI family that mostly localizes to the ER lumen. Both S‐nitrosylated PDI and S‐nitrosylated P5 are found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Previously, we showed that expression of the ER stress marker, growth arrest, and DNA damage protein (GADD34) was significantly increased in neurons and oligodendrocytes in AD brain. In the present study, we showed that PDI and P5 levels were significantly decreased in oligodendrocytes in the brains of AD patients and an AD mouse model. Interestingly, these decreases were evident before the animals displayed typical AD pathology. Because we previously showed that small short interfering RNA knockdown of PDI or P5 could affect the viability of neuronal cells under ER stress, dysfunction of PDI and P5 under ER stress could cause apoptosis of neuronal cells. In summary, we showed that the levels of PDI and P5 were significantly decreased in the oligodendrocytes of AD patients. This phenomenon was also found in an AD mouse model before the animals displayed AD pathology. The overall findings suggest that oligodendrocytes may play important roles in AD pathogenesis.
Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase activation in the spinal cord contributes to visceral hypersensitivity induced by craniofacial injury followed by stress
Authors: Zhao Y.‐J. , Li J.‐H. , Hu B. , Wang Y. , Chang X.‐F. , Traub R. J. , Cao D.‐Y. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe previously developed an animal model to examine mechanisms that underlie the emergence of visceral hypersensitivity modeling pain characteristics of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients with comorbid irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In ovariectomized (OVx) rats with estradiol (E2) replacement, visceral hypersensitivity developed subsequent to masseter muscle inflammation followed by repeated forced swim (FS) stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) in the spinal cord contributes to visceral hypersensitivity in this overlapping pain model.MethodsIn OVx with E2 replacement rats masseter muscle inflammation was followed by 3 day FS (comorbid condition). Depression‐like behaviors were assessed by sucrose preference and in the elevated plus maze, and visceral sensitivity was measured by the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distention. The protein level of ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p‐ERK1/2) in the L6‐S2 dorsal spinal cord was analyzed by western blot.Key ResultsFS stress decreased sucrose consumption in E2 replaced rats in sucrose preference test. The expression of p‐ERK1/2 in the L6‐S2 dorsal spinal cord increased significantly in E2 with comorbid rats. Intrathecal injection of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059 blocked the visceral hypersensitivity induced by masseter muscle inflammation combined with FS stress.Conclusions & InferencesThese data indicate that ERK1/2 activation contributes to the visceral hypersensitivity evoked by craniofacial inflammation pain combined with stress. The results may provide a new therapeutic avenue for alleviating overlapping pain conditions.
Microstructural white matter brain abnormalities in patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence
Authors: Muthulingam J. , Haas S. , Hansen T. M. , Laurberg S. , Lundby L. , Jørgensen H. S. , Drewes A. M. , Krogh K. , Frøkjær J. B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal central nervous system processing of visceral sensation may be a part of the pathogenesis behind idiopathic fecal incontinence (IFI). Our aim was to characterize brain differences in patients with IFI and healthy controls by means of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).MethodsIn 21 female patients with IFI and 15 female healthy controls, whole‐brain structural differences in gray matter volume (GMV), cortical thickness, and white matter tracts fractional anisotropy (FA) were quantified. For this purpose, we used voxel‐based morphometry, surface based morphometry and tract‐based spatial statistic, respectively. Furthermore, associations between structural brain characteristics and latencies of rectal sensory evoked electroencephalography potentials were determined.Key ResultsCompared to healthy controls, IFI patients had significantly reduced FA values, reflecting reduced white matter tract integrity, in the left hemisphere superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), posterior thalamic radiation, and middle frontal gyrus (MFG), all P<.05. No differences were observed in GMV or in cortical thickness. The reduced FA values in the SLF and MFG were correlated with prolonged latencies of cortical potentials evoked by rectal stimuli (all P<.05).Conclusions & InferencesThis explorative study suggests that IFI patients have no macrostructural brain changes, but exhibit microstructural changes in white matter tracts relevant for sensory processing. The clinical relevance of this finding is supported by its correlations with prolonged latencies of cortical potentials evoked by rectal stimulation. This supports the theories of central nervous system changes as part of the pathogenesis in IFI patients.
A comprehensive review of agrimoniin
Authors: Grochowski Daniel M. , Skalicka‐Woźniak Krystyna , Orhan Ilkay Erdogan , Xiao Jianbo , Locatelli Marcello , Piwowarski Jakub P. , Granica Sebastian , Tomczyk Michał 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPlant tannins are a unique class of polyphenols with relatively high molecular weights. Within the ellagitannins group, agrimoniin––dimeric ellagitannin––is one of the most representative compounds found in many plant materials belonging to the Rosaceae family. Agrimoniin was first isolated in 1982 from roots of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (Rosaceae), a plant traditionally used in Japan and China as an antidiarrheal, hemostatic, and antiparasitic agent. Agrimoniin is a constituent of medicinal plants, which are often applied orally in the form of infusions, decoctions, or tinctures. It is also present in commonly consumed food products, such as strawberries and raspberries. It is metabolized by human gut microbiota into a series of low‐molecular‐weight urolithins with proven anti‐inflammatory and anticancer in vivo and in vitro bioactivities. The compound has received widespread interest owing to some interesting biological effects and therapeutic activities, which we elaborate in the present review. Additionally, we present an overview of the techniques used for the analysis, isolation, and separation of agrimoniin from the practical perspective.
Dermatitis of the Foot: Epidemiologic and Clinical Features in 389 Children
Authors: Ortiz‐Salvador José‐María , Esteve‐Martínez Altea , García‐Rabasco Ana , Subiabre‐Ferrer Daniela , Martínez‐Leboráns Lorena , Zaragoza‐Ninet Violeta 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesFootwear dermatitis is a form of contact dermatitis resulting from exposure to shoes. There have been only small studies regarding foot contact dermatitis in children. The present study was undertaken to define the prevalence and epidemiologic and clinical features of shoe dermatitis in children.MethodsA retrospective study was undertaken of all children referred for patch testing between 1996 and 2015. Children with dermatitis limited to the feet were selected.ResultsWe collected data from 389 children younger than 16 years, 52 of whom (13.4%) were referred with dermatitis exclusively on the feet. Diagnosis after patch testing was allergic contact dermatitis in 23 children (44.2%), atopic eczema in 12 (23.1%), juvenile plantar dermatosis in 8 (15.4%), dyshidrotic eczema in 6 (11.5%), irritant contact dermatitis in 2 (3.8%), and tinea pedis in 1 (1.9%). The most frequent allergens were potassium dichromate, thimerosal, cobalt chloride, mercapto mix, colophonium, mercury, and nickel(II) sulfate.ConclusionAllergic contact dermatitis caused by footwear is a common cause of foot dermatitis in children. Children with foot dermatitis should be referred for patch testing when an allergic origin is suspected.
Acute Genital Swelling Heralding C1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency in a Child
Authors: Murad Aizuri , Leahy Timothy Ronan , Lenane Patricia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA healthy 5‐year‐old boy presented to the emergency department with an acute genital swelling. He had no relevant family history. His presentation and blood investigations were consistent with C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, mostly likely arising de novo. A rare cause of acute genital swelling and its management are discussed.
Sedation protocol with fasting and shorter sleep leads to magnetic resonance imaging success
Authors: Kimiya Takahisa , Sekiguchi Shinichiro , Yagihashi Tatsuhiko , Arai Mie , Takahashi Hirotaka , Takahashi Takao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundYoung children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) require sedation. In June 2013, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital (TMOH) introduced an oral sedation protocol for young children undergoing MRI; the protocol included instructions on fasting before sedation, and recommended a shorter duration of sleep the night before MRI. We compared the MRI success rate before and after the introduction of this protocol.MethodsThe eligible subjects were children under 3 years old who underwent MRI by appointment at TMOH between October 2012 and March 2014, under sedation with triclofos sodium. All those who underwent MRI in or after June 2013 were enrolled prospectively as a post‐protocol group. All patients who underwent MRI before June 2013 were enrolled retrospectively as a pre‐protocol group, with data collected from chart review.ResultsSeventy‐four patients were enrolled in the post‐protocol group, and 42 in the pre‐protocol group. The MRI success rate was significantly higher in the post‐protocol group than in the pre‐protocol group (98.7% vs 88.1%), as was the rate of on‐time starting of MRI (86.5% vs 71.4%). The post‐protocol group woke up earlier on the day of examination (6:18 a.m. vs 6:43 a.m.), resulting in a significantly longer time between awakening and the beginning of sedation (289.8 min vs 265.9 min), and a significantly shorter average duration of sleep on the previous night (504.8 min vs 532.3 min).ConclusionsImplementation of a hospital‐wide sedation protocol for young children undergoing MRI significantly improved the MRI success rate.
Handheld fetal Doppler device for assessing heart rate in neonatal resuscitation
Authors: Shimabukuro Rinshu , Takase Kozo , Ohde Sachiko , Kusakawa Isao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe use of neonatal three‐lead electrocardiograms (Neo‐ECG) is suggested for the assessment of heart rate (HR) in neonatal resuscitation, but primary childbirth facilities (i.e. maternity clinics or maternity homes) are not sufficiently equipped for this. The aim of this study was to therefore to confirm the potential of a handheld fetal Doppler device (FDD), widely used to assess HR in labor room resuscitation, and to compare its equivalency to Neo‐ECG.MethodsIn low‐risk full‐term infants, HR was measured five times per minute in minutes 1–5 after delivery using the FDD and Neo‐ECG, and their equivalence compared. The equivalence margin was set at a HR difference of <±5 beats/min and <±5%. Moreover, the times at which HR was displayed were measured for both methods.ResultsFDD and Neo‐ECG HR correlated strongly (r = 0.977) in 155 measurements in 33 cases. The mean HR difference was −0.123 beats/min (95%CI: −0.594 to +0.345), and the logarithmic transformation of the HR ratio was −0.0003 (95%CI: −0.0020 to +0.0015). The mean HR difference and HR ratio were within the equivalence margin. For HR assessment using the FDD, 155 of 165 measurements (93.9%) could be obtained in <10 s.ConclusionsIn HR assessment, FDD is a valid substitute for Neo‐ECG in primary childbirth facilities that are not sufficiently equipped for Neo‐ECG.
Association between PM2.5 and PM2.5 Constituents and Preterm Delivery in California, 2000–2006
Authors: Basu Rupa , Pearson Dharshani , Ebisu Keita , Malig Brian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundParticulate matter (PM) has been documented to contribute to preterm delivery. However, few studies have investigated the relationships between individual constituents of fine PM (PM2.5) and preterm delivery, and factors that may modify their associations.MethodsIn this study, we examined the associations between several prenatal exposure metrics to PM2.5 and 23 constituents of PM2.5 and preterm delivery in California from 2000 to 2006. In a retrospective cohort study including 231 637 births, we conducted logistic regression analyses adjusting for maternal, infant, temporal, geographic, and neighbourhood characteristics.ResultsWe observed increased risk for preterm delivery with full‐gestational exposure for several PM2.5 constituents. Per interquartile range increase, ammonium (21.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 17.1, 25.4), nitrate (18.1%, 95% CI 14.9, 21.4) and bromine (16.7%, 95% CI 13.2, 20.3) had some of the largest increased risks. Alternatively, some PM2.5 constituents were inversely associated with preterm delivery, including chlorine (−8.2%, 95% CI −10.3, −6.0), sodium (−13.2%, 95% CI −15.2, −11.3), sodium ion (−11.9%, 95% CI −14.1, −9.6) and vanadium (−19.2%, 95% CI −25.3, −12.6). Greater associations between PM2.5 constituents and preterm delivery were observed for Blacks and Asians, older mothers, and those with some college education compared to their reference groups, as well as for births with gestational ages from 32 to 34 weeks.ConclusionsPM2.5 constituents ammonium, nitrate and bromine, often linked to traffic and biomass combustion, were most associated with increased risk of preterm delivery in California. Certain demographic subgroups may be particularly impacted.
Daylight effect on melatonin secretion in adult female guanacos (Lama guanicoe)
Authors: Riveros JL , Correa LM , Schuler G 
Published: July 2017

ContentsThe wild South American camelids developed a strategy of seasonal reproduction during spring and summer with singleton birth. The photoperiod is one of the factors that may modulate this seasonality where light would be translated into a hormonal signal. This study evaluated the influence of changes in daily light intensity on melatonin concentration in captive guanacos under a long‐day photoperiod (16 hr light/8 hr dark; 33 ‘28′S). Mean melatonin concentration was 28.3 ± 20.3 pg/ml, with a maximum of 52.14 ± 17.19 pg/ml at 23:30 and minimum of 14.29 ± 6.64 pg/ml at 08:30 (p < .001). There was a negative association between light intensity and melatonin concentration (r = −0.57; p < .001). The results indicate that guanacos respond to variation in daily environmental light with a hormonal response and point to a circannual rhythm as a function of the photoperiod.
Autonomic dysfunction as a mechanism of intradialytic blood pressure instability
Authors: Shafi Tariq , Mullangi Surekha , Jaar Bernard G. , Silber Harry 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the principal endogenous defense mechanism that maintains blood pressure in the setting of hypotension. Disruption of the ANS impairs this ability and can contribute to blood pressure instability, including hypotension and hypertension. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the ANS and the consequences of its dysfunction in patients with end‐stage kidney disease treated with dialysis. We also discuss possible mechanisms of this autonomic dysfunction that may need future investigation.
Diagenesis of spiculites and carbonates in a Permian temperate ramp succession – Tempelfjorden Group, Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway
Authors: Matysik Michał , Stemmerik Lars , Olaussen Snorre , Brunstad Harald 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper explores little investigated diagenesis of spicule‐dominated sediments, based on Permian spiculites and cool‐water carbonates of the Tempelfjorden Group in central Spitsbergen. Field observations, petrography, stable isotope geochemistry, and mineralogical and chemical analyses reveal that the strata have been subjected to multistage diagenesis as the result of silica phase transitions at medium burial depths and deep‐burial overprinting. The growth of silica concretions occurred during the opal‐A/opal‐CT conversion and was controlled by the content and distribution of clay and spicules in the sediment, resulting in a variety of megascopic silica fabrics. Opal‐CT was subsequently dissolved, and all silica is now in a stable quartz stage. Petrographically, the rocks are characterized by a variety of chalcedony and quartz cements which perfectly preserve precursor textures. Most cements precipitated from silica‐oversaturated fluids, and their shapes reflect the silica saturation state and geometry of the pore space. Some microquartz and cryptoquartz also formed by a solid–solid inversion (recrystallization) of chalcedony. The cements have δ18O values between +30‰ and +20‰ Standard Mean Ocean Water and display a systematic depletion in 18O from the first to the last crystallized, interpreted to reflect a gradual increase in temperature during burial. The precipitation of quartz cements started in the Middle Triassic when the strata passed the 19°C isotherm at burial depths of ca 600 m, and was completed in the mid‐Cretaceous, 2·3 km beneath the sea floor at temperatures of 75°C. Late diagenetic overprinting of the chert includes fracturing, brecciation and cementation with carbonate cements having δ18O values between +2‰ and −30‰ Pee Dee Belemnite and δ13C values between +4‰ and −14‰ Pee Dee Belemnite; they are linked to hot solutions introduced during Cretaceous volcanism or Palaeogene tectonism. This study illustrates the diagenetic pathway during burial of spicule‐rich sediments in a closed system and thereby provides a baseline for studies of more complexly altered chert deposits.
Suicidal Self‐Directed Violence Among Homeless US Veterans: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hoffberg Adam S. , Spitzer Elizabeth , Mackelprang Jessica L. , Farro Samantha A. , Brenner Lisa A. 
Published: July 2017

A systematic review of the literature was conducted to investigate suicidal self‐directed violence and homelessness among US military veterans, and identify existing suicide prevention strategies. In November 2015, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google, and Google Scholar were searched. Articles published since 1990 investigating self‐directed violence among homeless veterans were identified. Data were extracted and synthesized qualitatively. Nineteen observational studies were included. Suicide ideation rates were 1.3% (current), 7.0% (past week), 12.1%–18% (past 30 days), and 74% (lifetime). Suicide attempt rates were 0%–6% (past 30 days), 30.7%–31.5% (past 5 years), and 15%–46.6% (lifetime). Death by suicide rate was 81.0 per 100,000. No interventional studies to prevent self‐directed violence among homeless veterans were identified. Homeless veterans are at risk for self‐directed violence, suggesting the need for research to examine preventive strategies. A comprehensive public health approach to suicide prevention needs to focus on vulnerable populations, including homeless veterans.
Pythiopina, an enigmatic subtribe of darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini): taxonomic revision, microtomography, ecological niche models and phylogenetic position
Authors: KAMIŃSKI MARCIN J. , KANDA KOJUN , RAŚ MARCIN , SMITH AARON D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMorphological, anatomical, and distributional data concerning the South African endemic beetle subtribe Pythiopina (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini) are revised. Five species, representing two genera, are recognized. Included in this total is one new species (Meglyphus mariae Kamiński sp.n.). The following species are placed in synonymy: Meglyphus ciliatipes [=Meglyphus calitzensis syn.n.]; Meglyphus laenoides [=Meglyphus andreaei syn.n.; =Meglyphus namaqua syn.n.]. Microtomographic models for all valid Pythiopina species, including the holotype of the newly described species, are presented and analysed. Endoskeleton morphology (specifically characters of the tentorium and metendosternite) proved to be informative at the specific and generic levels. An identification key is provided to all known species of the subtribe. Environmental niche models are presented for the majority of species. A molecular phylogeny of Pedinini based on six genetic loci (28S: D1–D3 region; 28S: D4–D5 region, COII, ArgK, CAD2, wg) was also produced to explore the phylogenetic position of Pythiopina. This analysis is the first to include representatives of all seven subtribes of Pedinini, and supports a sister relationship between Pythiopina and the Palaearctic subtribe Dendarina. Results also suggest the existence of a second pair of sister taxa within Pedinini (in addition to Melambiina) with an amphitropical African distribution.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:285AD87A‐46B1‐4FE9‐BC57‐949EA1F70D49.