bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell growth inhibition and apoptotic effects of a specific anti-RTFscFv antibody on prostate cancer, but not glioblastoma, cells
Authors: Nejatollahi Foroogh , Bayat Payam , Moazen Bahareh 
Published: March 2017

Background: Single chain antibody (scFv) has shown interesting results in cancer immunotargeting approaches, due to its advantages over monoclonal antibodies. Regeneration and tolerance factor (RTF) is one of the most important regulators of extracellular and intracellular pH in eukaryotic cells. In this study, the inhibitory effects of a specific anti-RTF scFv were investigated and compared between three types of prostate cancer and two types of glioblastoma cells. Methods: A phage antibody display library of scFv was used to select specific scFvs against RTF using panning process. The reactivity of a selected scFv was assessed by phage ELISA. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of the antibody on prostate cancer (PC-3, Du-145 and LNCaP) and glioblastoma (U-87 MG and A-172) cell lines were investigated by MTT and Annexin V/PI assays. Results: A specific scFv with frequency 35% was selected against RTF epitope. This significantly inhibited the proliferation of the prostate cells after 24 h. The percentages of cell viability (using 1000 scFv/cell) were 52, 61 and 73% for PC-3, Du-145 and LNCaP cells, respectively, compared to untreated cells. The antibody (1000 scFv/cell) induced apoptosis at 50, 40 and 25% in PC-3, Du-145 and LNCaP cells, respectively. No growth inhibition and apoptotic induction was detected for U-87 and A172 glioblastoma cells. Conclusions: Anti-RTFscFv significantly reduced the proliferation of the prostate cancer cells. The inhibition of cell growth and apoptotic induction effects in PC-3 cells were greater than Du-145 and LNCaP cells. This might be due to higher expression of RTF antigen in PC-3 cells and/or better accessibility of RTF to scFv antibody. The resistance of glioblastoma cells to anti-RTF scFv offers the existence of mechanism(s) that abrogate the inhibitory effect(s) of the antibody to RTF. The results suggest that the selected anti-RTF scFv antibody could be an effective new alternative for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
Crude childhood vaccination coverage in West Africa: Trends and predictors of completeness
Authors: Kazungu Jacob S. , Adetifa Ifedayo M.O. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Africa has the lowest childhood vaccination coverage worldwide. If the full benefits of childhood vaccination programmes are to be enjoyed in sub-Saharan Africa, all countries need to improve on vaccine delivery to achieve and sustain high coverage. In this paper, we review trends in vaccination coverage, dropouts between vaccine doses and explored the country-specific predictors of complete vaccination in West Africa. Methods: We utilized datasets from the Demographic and Health Surveys Program, available for Benin, Burkina Faso, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Cote d’Ivoire, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, to obtain coverage for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, polio, measles, and diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT) vaccines in children aged 12 – 23 months. We also calculated the DPT1-to-DPT3 and DPT1-to-measles dropouts, and proportions of the fully immunised child (FIC). Factors predictive of FIC were explored using Chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Overall, there was a trend of increasing vaccination coverage. The proportion of FIC varied significantly by country (range 24.1-81.4%, mean 49%). DPT1-to-DPT3 dropout was high (range 5.1% -33.9%, mean 16.3%). Similarly, DPT1-measles dropout exceeded 10% in all but four countries. Although no single risk factor was consistently associated with FIC across these countries, maternal education, delivery in a health facility, possessing a vaccine card and a recent post delivery visit to a health facility were the key predictors of complete vaccination. Conclusions: The low numbers of fully immunised children and high dropout between vaccine doses highlights weaknesses and the need to strengthen the healthcare and routine immunization delivery systems in this region. Country-specific correlates of complete vaccination should be explored further to identify interventions required to increase vaccination coverage. Despite the promise of an increasing trend in vaccination coverage in West African countries, more effort is required to attain and maintain global vaccination coverage targets.
A tale of two countries: enrolled nurses in the UK and Gibraltar
Authors: Peate Ian , Lane Jane 
Published: March 2017

This article considers and describes the preparation for reintroduction of the second-level nurse (enrolled nurse—EN) in Gibraltar, providing the reader with insight into this level of nurse that in the UK has been discontinued. The role of the EN in Gibraltar and UK has undergone change over the past 30 years, with the UK disestablishing EN training and Gibraltar restoring it in 2013. The article offers an overview of the programme and experiences in the Gibraltar setting. The programme is run in conjunction with practitioners and clinicians at the Gibraltar Health Authority (GHA) and academic staff within the Gibraltar School of Health Studies.
Effect of antiseptic irrigation on infection rates of traumatic soft tissue wounds: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Roth B. , Neuenschwander R. , Brill F. , Wurmitzer F. , Wegner C. , Assadian O. , Kramer A. 
Published: March 2017

Objective: Acute traumatic wounds are contaminated with bacteria and therefore an infection risk. Antiseptic wound irrigation before surgical intervention is routinely performed for contaminated wounds. However, a broad variety of different irrigation solutions are in use. The aim of this retrospective, non-randomised, controlled longitudinal cohort study was to assess the preventive effect of four different irrigation solutions before surgical treatment, on wound infection in traumatic soft tissue wounds. Method: Over a period of three decades, the prophylactic application of wound irrigation was studied in patients with contaminated traumatic wounds requiring surgical treatment, with or without primary wound closure. The main outcome measure was development of wound infection. From 1974–1983, either 0.04 % polihexanide (PHMB), 1 % povidone-iodine (PVP-I), 4 % hydrogen peroxide, or undiluted Ringer's solution were concurrently in use. From 1984–1996, only 0.04 % PHMB or 1 % PVP-I were applied. From 1997, 0.04 % PHMB was used until the end of the study period in 2005. Results: The combined rate for superficial and deep wound infection was 1.7 % in the 0.04 % PHMB group (n=3264), 4.8 % in the 1 % PVP-I group (n=2552), 5.9 % in the Ringer's group (n=645), and 11.7 % in the 4 % hydrogen peroxide group (n=643). Compared with all other treatment arms, PHMB showed the highest efficacy in preventing infection in traumatic soft tissue wounds (p<0.001). However, compared with PVP-I, the difference was only significant for superficial infections. Conclusion: The large patient numbers in this study demonstrated a robust superiority of 0.04 % PHMB to prevent infection in traumatic soft tissue wounds. These retrospective results may further provide important information as the basis for power calculations for the urgently needed prospective clinical trials in the evolving field of wound antisepsis.
Progress in the field of iodine deficiency disorders prevention in Republic of Uzbekistan (1998–2016)
Authors: Ismailov Said I. , Rashitov Murodjon M. 
Published: March 2017

Несмотря на проводимые мероприятия, направленные на ликвидацию йододефицитные состояния в стране РУз остается зоной высокой распространенности ЙДЗ. Динамика к снижению йоддефицита была связана с активной работой по ликвидации йоддефицитных заболевания (ЙДЗ) – это обеспечение йодирующими установками и йодатом калия соледобывающих и солеперерабатывающих предприятий, проведение широкомасштабных санитарно-просветительских мероприятий среди различных слоев населения, государственных предприятий и частного сектора, проведение регулярного мониторинга содержания йода в соли и моче. В мае 2007 г. был принят закон РУз «О профилактике йододефицитных заболеваний». В настоящей работе приводится анализ йододефицитных состояний в РУз согласно рекомендациям ВОЗ, сентинельным методом. Согласно данным йодурии нормальные значения йодурии (100-300 мкг/л) наблюдались в 1998 году у 5,6%, в 2016 году у 77% населения. Оптимальный уровень потребления йодированной соли (15,0-55 мкг/г йодата калия) в 1998 году составлял 7,6 % и в 2016 году увеличился до 81 % среди населения. Распространённость эндемического зоба снизился от 70% в 1998 году до 31% в 2016 году среди населения РУз. Таким образом, отмечается заметное улучшение показателей ЙДЗ по сравнению с предыдущими годами. Однако целевые значения пока не достигнуты.
Loss of signal during intraoperative neuromonitoring of laryngeal nerves as a predictor of postoperative larynx paresis: Analysis of 1065 consequetive thyroid and parathyroid operations. Surgeons' algorythm (tactics)
Authors: Makarin Viktor A. , Uspenskaya Anna A. , Semenov Arseniy A. , Timofeeva Natalia I. , Chernikov Roman A. , Slepcov Il`ya V. , Chinchuk Igor` K. , Karelina Yulia V. , Novokshonov Konstantin Y. , Fedorov Elisey A. , Malyugov Yuriy N. , Rusakov Vladimir F. , Sablin Il`ya V. , Gorskaya Natalia A. , Denisenkova Vlada N. , Ostanina Yulia V. , Krasnov Leonid M. , Fedotov Yuriy N. , Bubnov Alexandr N. 
Published: March 2017

During thyroid and parathyroid operations performed with laryngeal nerves neuromonitoring, a segmental or global loss of signal may occur. The most frequent cause of loss of signal – is tension of thyroid gland tissue and at the same time tension of the laryngeal nerves. There is no consensus if this complication arises regarding surgeon’s actions.Aim. Evaluation of predictive value of loss of signal during IONM regarding larynx paresis in postoperative period, and algorithm suggestion in case of loss of signal develops.Materials and methods. 1065 patients were operated on thyroid and parathyroid glands with neuromonitoring of laryngeal nerves. Neuromonitore C2 (Inomed, Emmendingen, Germany) was used. We evaluated frequency of loss of signal, described types of loss of signal, showed sensitivity and specificity of loss of signal and development of postoperative larynx paresis.Results. Loss of signal developed in 32 (1,9%) patients. More frequently loss of signal was detected at left side (p=0,01, χ2 = 4,2 OR=2,9). Sensitivity (Se) of loss of signal and postoperative larynx paresis development reached 59,2%, specificity – 99,7% (Sp), positive predicitive value (PPV) – 91,4%, negative predictive value (NPV) – 97,8%. There are no statistically reliable differences in recovery periods of larynx function depending on type of loss of signal (segmental or global) (p=0,5).Conclusions. In most cases loss of electromyographical signal indicates injury of laryngeal nerves during operation on thyroid and parathyroid glands. When there is loss of signal in case of bilateral thyroid gland disease it is reasonable to make a decision to stop operation to prevent development of bilateral larynx paresis.
MENUJU PARADIGMA PENELITIAN SOSIOLOGI YANG INTEGRATIF
Authors: Malik Abdul , Nugroho Aris Dwi 
Published: March 2017

Sociology as a science which has many paradigms. Variety of existing paradigms were born by a long debate on the historical birth of sociology widely known as methodenstreit (debate of methods) that distinguish inductive and deductive methods, nomothetic ideographic sciences and sciences, value-free and solid values, and the separation of theory from praxis. The long debate generated a variety of paradigms in sociological research methodology, namely: positivism, post-positivism, constructivism, critical theory and participatory
Assessment of epilepsy using noninvasive visual psychophysics tests of surround suppression
Authors: Yazdani Partow , Read Jenny C.A. , Whittaker Roger G. , Trevelyan Andrew J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPowerful endogenous inhibitory mechanisms are thought to restrict the spread of epileptic discharges in cortical networks. Similar inhibitory mechanisms also influence physiological processing. We reasoned, therefore, that useful information about the quality of inhibitory restraint in individuals with epilepsy may be gleaned from psychophysical assays of these physiological processes. We derived a psychophysical measure of cortical inhibition, the motion surround suppression index (SSI), in 54 patients with epilepsy and 146 control subjects. Multivariate regression analyses showed that SSI was predicted strongly by age and seizure type, but not by seizure frequency. Specifically, we found that patients with exclusively focal epilepsy, and no history of generalization, showed significantly stronger cortical inhibition as measured by the SSI compared to all other groups, including controls. In contrast, patients with focal seizures evolving into generalized seizures, and patients with generalized genetic epilepsy, showed similar levels of cortical inhibition to controls. The presumptive focus, when one could be identified, was rarely found in visual cortex, meaning that the relationship with the epilepsy subtype is likely to reflect some global difference in inhibition in these subjects. This is the first reported instance of raised SSI in any patient cohort, and appears to differentiate between patients with respect to the likelihood of their experiencing generalization of their seizures. These results suggest that such simple psychophysical assays may provide useful aids to clinical management, particularly at the time of diagnosis.
Maternal high‐fat diet in mice leads to innate airway hyperresponsiveness in the adult offspring
Authors: MacDonald Kelvin D. , Moran Aurelia R. , Scherman Ashley J. , McEvoy Cindy T. , Platteau Astrid S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMaternal obesity prior to and during pregnancy has been associated with an increased incidence of childhood asthma. As diets rich in saturated fat are linked to obesity and inflammation, we created a murine model to investigate the effect of maternal high‐fat diet (HFD) on adult offspring airway hyperreactivity (AHR), a cardinal feature of asthma. Balb/cByJdams were fed aHFD(60% fat Calories) or normal‐fat diet (NFD) (10% fat Calories) from 8 weeks prior to first breeding through their pregnancies. Pups were weaned to either aHFDorNFD(at 4 weeks of age).AHRwas measured in the 10‐week‐old offspring following inhaled methacholine challenge by end‐inflation technique. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for cell count, total protein, andIL‐6. Offspring ofHFDdams weaned toNFDhad increasedAHRcompared to offspring ofNFDdams weaned toNFD. Offspring ofHFDdams that remained onHFDs had increasedAHRcompared to offspring ofNFDdams weaned toHFDs. Offspring ofHFDdams had higherBALFcell counts, higher neutrophil percentage, greater total protein, andIL‐6 in theBALF. These results demonstrate that a maternal diet high in saturated fat through pregnancy and lactation plays a key role in programming adult offspring AHR.
Mutational analysis of mitochondrial tRNA genes in patients with lung cancer
Authors: He ZF , Zheng LC , Xie DY , Yu SS , Zhao J 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) genes have been found to be associated with various diseases including lung cancer. To understand the possible relationship between mtRNA mutations and lung cancer, we sequenced the 22 mt-tRNA genes from 200 lung cancer blood samples, as well as 100 healthy subjects. As a result, five mutations were identified including the tRNAAla T5655C, tRNAArg T10454C, tRNALeu(CUN) A12330G, tRNASer(UCN) T7505C and tRNAThr G15927A. These mutations were absent in the healthy subjects. These mutations and polymorphisms were localized at the highly conserved nucleotides of the corresponding mitochondrial tRNAs, which are critical for the tRNA steady state level and may result in failure in the tRNA metabolism. Moreover, through the application of the pathogenicity scoring system, we found that only the T10454C mutation should be classified as a “neutral polymorphism,” while the other mutations were regarded as “definitely pathogenic.” Taken together, our data indicate that tRNA genes are the hot-spots for pathogenic mutations associated with lung cancer. Our findings may provide valuable information for pathophysiology, management and genetic counseling of lung cancer.
Non-arithmetic lattices and the Klein quartic
Authors: Deraux Martin 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We give an algebro-geometric construction of some of the
non-arithmetic ball quotients constructed by the author, Parker and
Paupert. The new construction reveals a relationship
between the corresponding orbifold fundamental groups and the
automorphism group of the Klein quartic, and also with groups
constructed by Barthel–Hirzebruch–Höfer and Couwenberg–Heckman–Looijenga.
Live birth pregnancy outcome after first in vitro fertilization treatment in a patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and isolated high positive IgA anti-β2glycoprotein I antibodies: a case report
Authors: Andreeva Hristina , Seip Marit , Koycheva Stanislava 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIgA anti-β2glycoprotein I antibodies (IgA-anti-β2GPI) seems to be the most prevalent isotype in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) with a significant association to thrombotic events. Both SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) can be associated with implantation failure, fetal loss and obstetric complications. Recent reports highlight the clinical value of IgA-anti-β2GPI determination in supporting in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment and IVF pregnancy outcomes. We report a 36-year-old female diagnosed with SLE, endometriosis and unexplained infertility. Conventional APS markers were consistently negative: anti-cardiolipin (aCL) and anti-β2GPI: IgG/IgM. She was then tested with reports of repeatedly high IgA-anti-β2GPI and tested positive from 2014 after IgA (aCL; anti-β2GPI) were established in our APS diagnostic panel. She underwent successful first IVF procedure with a 30 week live birth pregnancy outcome. During the follow up no lupus flare, thrombosis or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were registered. Serum IgA anti-β2GPI and anti-dsDNA levels declined statistically significant during the second and third trimester. Titres of IgA-anti-β2GPI remained lower postpartum as well. This case highlights the clinical importance of IgA-anti-β2GPI testing for family planning, assisted reproduction and pregnancy in women with SLE and/or APS.
Leptin Signaling in AgRP Neurons Modulates Puberty Onset and Adult Fertility in Mice
Authors: Egan Olivia K. , Inglis Megan A. , Anderson Greg M. 
Published: March 2017

The hormone leptin indirectly communicates metabolic information to brain neurons that control reproduction, using GABAergic circuitry. Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus are GABAergic, express leptin receptors (LepR), and are known to influence reproduction. This study tested whether leptin actions on AgRP neurons are required and sufficient for puberty onset and subsequent fertility. First,Agrp-Cre andLepr-flox mice were used to target deletion of LepR to AgRP neurons. AgRP-LepR knock-out female mice exhibited mild obesity and adiposity as described previously, as well as a significant delay in the pubertal onset of estrous cycles compared with control animals. No significant differences in male puberty onset or adult fecundity in either sex were observed. Next, mice with a floxed polyadenylation signal causing premature transcriptional termination of theLeprgene were crossed with AgRP-Cre mice to generate mice with AgRP neuron-specific rescue of LepR. Lepr-null control males and females were morbidly obese and exhibited delayed puberty onset, no evidence of estrous cycles, and minimal fecundity. Remarkably, AgRP-LepR rescue partially or fully restored all of these reproductive attributes to levels similar to those of LepR-intact controls despite minimal rescue of metabolic function. These results indicate that leptin signaling in AgRP neurons is sufficient for puberty onset and normal adult fecundity in both sexes when leptin signaling is absent in all other cells and that in females, the absence of AgRP neuron leptin signaling delays puberty. These actions appear to be independent of leptin's metabolic effects.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSexual maturation and fertility are dispensable at the individual level but critical for species survival. Conditions such as nutritional imbalance may therefore suppress puberty onset and fertility in an individual. In societies characterized by widespread obesity, the sensitivity of reproduction to metabolic imbalance has significant public health implications. Deficient leptin signaling attributable to diet-induced leptin resistance is associated with infertility in humans and rodents, and treatments for human infertility show a decreased success rate with increasing body mass index. Here we show that the transmission of metabolic information to the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis is mediated by leptin receptors on AgRP neurons. These results provide conclusive new insights into the mechanisms that cause infertility attributable to malnourishment.
Astrocytic LRP1 Mediates Brain Aβ Clearance and Impacts Amyloid Deposition
Authors: Liu Chia-Chen , Hu Jin , Zhao Na , Wang Jian , Wang Na , Cirrito John R. , Kanekiyo Takahisa , Holtzman David M. , Bu Guojun 
Published: March 2017

Accumulation and deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain represent an early and perhaps necessary step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ accumulation leads to the formation of Aβ aggregates, which may directly and indirectly lead to eventual neurodegeneration. While Aβ production is accelerated in many familial forms of early-onset AD, increasing evidence indicates that impaired clearance of Aβ is more evident in late-onset AD. To uncover the mechanisms underlying impaired Aβ clearance in AD, we examined the role of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in astrocytes. Although LRP1 has been shown to play critical roles in brain Aβ metabolism in neurons and vascular mural cells, its role in astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the brain responsible for maintaining neuronal homeostasis, remains unclear. Here, we show that astrocytic LRP1 plays a critical role in brain Aβ clearance. LRP1 knockdown in primary astrocytes resulted in decreased cellular Aβ uptake and degradation. In addition, silencing of LRP1 in astrocytes led to downregulation of several major Aβ-degrading enzymes, including matrix metalloproteases MMP2, MMP9, and insulin-degrading enzyme. More important, conditional knock-out of theLrp1gene in astrocytes in the background of APP/PS1 mice impaired brain Aβ clearance, exacerbated Aβ accumulation, and accelerated amyloid plaque deposition without affecting its production. Together, our results demonstrate that astrocytic LRP1 plays an important role in Aβ metabolism and that restoring LRP1 expression and function in the brain could be an effective strategy to facilitate Aβ clearance and counter amyloid pathology in AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAstrocytes represent a major cell type regulating brain homeostasis; however, their roles in brain clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) and underlying mechanism are not clear. In this study, we used both cellular models and conditional knock-out mouse models to address the role of a critical Aβ receptor, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in astrocytes. We found that LRP1 in astrocytes plays a critical role in brain Aβ clearance by modulating several Aβ-degrading enzymes and cellular degradation pathways. Our results establish a critical role of astrocytic LRP1 in brain Aβ clearance and shed light on specific Aβ clearance pathways that may help to establish new targets for AD prevention and therapy.