bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrosteres: The Deltic Guanidin­ium Ion
Authors: Mishiro Kenji , Hu Fanghao , Paley Daniel W. , Min Wei , Lambert Tristan H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe “deltic guanidinium” ion is described here as a “macrostere” of the guanidinium ion. The use of the 2,4‐dimethoxybenzyl protecting group allows for the synthesis of the fully unsubstituted parent compound and a variety of derivatives bearing multiple N–H functions for the first time. Deltic urea, deltic thiourea, and deltic benzamidine are also synthesized. A comparison of the physical properties of guanidinium and deltic guanidinium ions is provided. The use of a deltic guanidinium dendrimer for cell transport is demonstrated.
Genetic risk factors for the posterior cortical atrophy variant of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Schott Jonathan M. , Crutch Sebastian J. , Carrasquillo Minerva M. , Uphill James , Shakespeare Tim J. , Ryan Natalie S. , Yong Keir X. , Lehmann Manja , Ertekin‐Taner Nilufer , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Boeve Bradley F. , Murray Melissa E. , Khan Qurat ul Ain , Petersen Ronald C. , Dickson Dennis W. , Knopman David S. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Miller Bruce L. , González Aida Suárez , Gil‐Néciga Eulogio , Snowden Julie S. , Harris Jenny , Pickering‐Brown Stuart M. , Louwersheimer Eva , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Scheltens Philip , Pijnenburg Yolande A. , Galasko Douglas , Sarazin Marie , Dubois Bruno , Magnin Eloi , Galimberti Daniela , Scarpini Elio , Cappa Stefano F. , Hodges John R. , Halliday Glenda M. , Bartley Lauren , Carrillo Maria C. , Bras Jose T. , Hardy John , Rossor Martin N. , Collinge John , Fox Nick C. , Mead Simon 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe genetics underlying posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), typically a rare variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD), remain uncertain.MethodsWe genotyped 302 PCA patients from 11 centers, calculated risk at 24 loci for AD/DLB and performed an exploratory genome‐wide association study.ResultsWe confirm that variation in/near APOE/TOMM40 (P = 6 × 10−14) alters PCA risk, but with smaller effect than for typical AD (PCA: odds ratio [OR] = 2.03, typical AD: OR = 2.83, P = .0007). We found evidence for risk in/near CR1 (P = 7 × 10−4), ABCA7 (P = .02) and BIN1 (P = .04). ORs at variants near INPP5D and NME8 did not overlap between PCA and typical AD. Exploratory genome‐wide association studies confirmed APOE and identified three novel loci: rs76854344 near CNTNAP5 (P = 8 × 10−10 OR = 1.9 [1.5–2.3]); rs72907046 near FAM46A (P = 1 × 10−9 OR = 3.2 [2.1–4.9]); and rs2525776 near SEMA3C (P = 1 × 10−8, OR = 3.3 [2.1–5.1]).DiscussionWe provide evidence for genetic risk factors specifically related to PCA. We identify three candidate loci that, if replicated, may provide insights into selective vulnerability and phenotypic diversity in AD.
The phenotypical core of Alzheimer's disease‐related and nonrelated variants of the corticobasal syndrome: A systematic clinical, neuropsychological, imaging, and biomarker study
Authors: Di Stefano Francesca , Kas Aurélie , Habert Marie‐Odile , Decazes Pierre , Lamari Foudil , Lista Simone , Hampel Harald , Teichmann Marc 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe corticobasal syndrome (CBS) constitutes a neurodegenerative disease spectrum with substantial phenotypical or biological heterogeneity, requiring large or multimodal studies to identify its clinico‐biological signature while disentangling Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related from non‐AD‐related CBS.MethodsWe analyzed a large (N = 45) monocenter expert‐clinic CBS cohort, recruited in motor and/or cognitive units to avoid recruitment biases, assessed with standardized motor and/or cognitive‐language tests, brain perfusion imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.ResultsCBS mainly manifests as a motor and/or language disorder incorporating a “mixed progressive aphasia” phenotype, consistent with left‐lateralized damage to frontal‐parietal‐temporal cortices. Biomarker expression indicates in 18% underlying AD causing predominant parietal‐temporal damage and Gerstmann syndrome (sensitivity 75%; specificity 75%), whereas non‐AD‐CBS presented with predominant prefrontal and lexical‐semantic impairment.DiscussionCBS is primarily a “motor‐plus‐aphasia” disease unfolding into AD‐related and non‐AD‐related variants with distinctive cognitive‐anatomic patterns. CBS, and notably its “Gerstmann variant”, should be included in the new AD “lexicon” and categorized in the evolving diagnostic spectrum of “atypical AD”d.
Utility of a Novel Reflective Marker Visualized by Flash Photography for Assessment of Personnel Contamination During Removal of Personal Protective Equipment
Authors: Tomas Myreen E. , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Mana Thriveen S.C. , Jencson Annette L. , Koganti Sreelatha , Alhmidi Heba , Kundrapu Sirisha , Sunkesula Venkata C.K. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: March 2016

In an experimental study, the frequency of contamination of healthcare personnel during removal of contaminated personal protective equipment (PPE) was similar for bacteriophage MS2 and a novel reflective marker visualized using flash photography. The reflective marker could be a useful tool to visualize and document personnel contamination during PPE removal.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:711–713
Monitoring of prolactin levels in children and adolescents prescribed antipsychotic medication: a complete audit cycle
Authors: Uduehi E. , Gallagher L. , Alugo T. 
Published: March 2016

Aims and methodsAntipsychotics have proven benefits in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. However, notwithstanding some therapeutic benefits significant side effects are associated with the use of antipsychotics, such as hyperprolactinaemia. We completed an audit cycle between April 2013 and December 2013 to evaluate the practice in the Beechpark Autism Service with respect to monitoring and managing hyperprolactinaemia in children and adolescents prescribed antipsychotics. The re-audit assessed whether the recommended guidelines and changes had been implemented. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines were used as a gold standard for this audit.ResultsBasal determinations of serum prolactin improved significantly at the end of the audit cycle (28.6% v. 57%) with slight improvement in six monthly repeat prolactin monitoring (28.6% v. 39.1%) showing some change in clinical practice. However, there was minimal improvement in managing hyperprolactinaemia (0% v. 12.5%).Clinical implicationThere is growing awareness about hyperprolactinaemia associated with the use of antipsychotic medication in children and adolescents and the long-term effects. Clear documented guidelines will help increase and improve the monitoring and management of hyperprolactinaemia in these groups of patients. However, more needs to be done in improving the practice of monitoring and managing hyperprolactinaemia in children and adolescent prescribed antipsychotic medication giving the documented long-term effects.
The timing of the evening meal: how is this associated with weight status in UK children?
Authors: Coulthard Janine D. , Pot Gerda K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThere is some evidence from studies in adults and limited evidence from studies in children that eating later in the day may increase the risk of overweight and obesity. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated associations between evening meal timing in children and their weight status and energy intake. Dietary data obtained from the UK’s National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (2008–2012) for 768 children aged 4–10 years and 852 children aged 11–18 years were analysed. We tested for an association between evening meal timing (consuming the evening meal before or after 20.00 hours) and risk of overweight and/or obesity, adjusting for relevant confounding variables. We also explored whether evening meal timing was associated with overall nutrient intake. We found no association between evening meal timing and risk of obesity or risk of overweight and obesity combined in either the 4–10 years age group (obesity: OR 1·43; 95 % CI 0·49, 4·13; obesity and overweight combined: OR 1·33; 95 % CI 0·53, 3·33) or the 11–18 years age group (obesity: OR 0·50; 95 % CI 0·24, 1·02; obesity and overweight combined: OR 0·83; 95 % CI 0·50, 1·38), split by sex or as combined. No significant associations were found between evening meal timing and energy intake, and no clear patterns in variation of nutrient intakes with evening meal times were identified. In conclusion, we found no evidence that, for children aged 4–18 years in the UK, eating the evening meal after 20.00 hours was associated with excess weight or increased energy intake.
Characteristics of the acidity and sulphate fractions in acid sulphate soils and their relationship with rice yield
Authors: HUANG Q. , TANG S. , HUANG X. , YANG S. , YI Q. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYMost acid sulphate soils (ASSs) in the Pearl River Delta of South China have been traditionally reclaimed for rice cultivation, but the rice yield in most of these paddy fields is lower than the average rice yield in China due to extremely high soil acidity. In the present study, a range of sulphate and acidity parameters were investigated in ASS profiles in three types of paddy fields in Taishan City (Guangdong Province, China) divided based on the local rice productivity (4500, 3000 and 1500 kg/ha) using an abandoned ASS (uncultivated) as the control treatment to ascertain key yield constraining parameters. Soluble acidity (SA), exchangeable acidity (ExA), soluble sulphate (SS) and net acid-soluble sulphate (NAS) increased with increasing soil depths from 0 to 100 cm and then decreased abruptly with further increases in the depth. However, the depth distribution of exchangeable sulphate (ES) was uniform. The soil acidity and sulphate contents differed significantly in three sampled paddy fields. The values of SA and SS in the soils at depths of 0–100 cm in the studied ASS were lower compared with those in the uncultivated ASS and the ExA in soils at depths of 0–40 cm in ASS were lower compared with those observed in the uncultivated ASS. A correlation analysis revealed that SA was strongly correlated with SS and ExA with NAS. Soluble acidity, ExA, SS and NAS in the ASS were significantly associated with rice yield. Exchangeable acidity in the plough layer (0–20 cm) of soils was the most sensitive indicator of soil quality affecting rice yield among those in soils from 0 to 140 cm depth. It is interesting to note that SA, SS and NAS were more sensitive indicators of soil quality affecting rice yield at 60–100 cm than at 0–40 cm depth. Principal component analysis showed that pH value, ExA and ES in soils at depths of 0–40 cm and SA, SS and NAS in soils at depths of 60–100 cm constituted the critical soil acidity and sulphate characteristics that were strongly correlated with rice yields. This finding implies that controlling the ExA in the plough layer and the SA and NAS in the Jarosite layer should be the major focus of studies aimed at the amelioration of ASSs.
Temporomandibular joint involvement as a positive clinical prognostic factor in necrotising external otitis
Authors: Yeheskeli E , Eta R Abu , Gavriel H , Kleid S , Eviatar E 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective:Necrotising otitis externa is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. This study investigated whether temporomandibular joint involvement had any prognostic effect on the course of necrotising otitis externa in patients who had undergone hyperbaric oxygen therapy after failed medical and sometimes surgical therapy.Methods:A retrospective case series was conducted of patients in whom antibiotic treatment and surgery had failed, who had been hospitalised for further treatment and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.Results:Twenty-three patients with necrotising otitis externa were identified. The temporomandibular joint was involved in four patients (17 per cent); these patients showed a constant gradual improvement in C-reactive protein and were eventually discharged free of disease, except one patient who was lost to follow up. Four patients (16 per cent) without temporomandibular joint involvement died within 90 days of discharge, while all patients with temporomandibular joint involvement were alive. Three patients (13 per cent) without temporomandibular joint involvement needed recurrent hospitalisation including further hyperbaric oxygen therapy; no patients with temporomandibular joint involvement required such treatment.Conclusion:Patients with temporomandibular joint involvement had lower rates of recurrent disease and no mortality. Therefore, we suggest considering temporomandibular joint involvement as a positive prognostic factor in necrotising otitis externa management.
USING CLAIMS DATA FOR EVIDENCE GENERATION IN MANAGED ENTRY AGREEMENTS
Authors: Brandes Alina , Schwarzkopf Larissa , Rogowski Wolf H. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives: This study assesses the use of routinely collected claims data for managed entry agreements (MEA) in the illustrative context of German statutory health insurance (SHI) funds.Methods: Based on a nonsystematic literature review, the data needs of different MEA were identified. A value-based typology to classify MEA on the basis of these data needs was developed. The typology is oriented toward health outcomes and utilization and costs, key components of a new technology's value. For each MEA type, the suitability of claims data in establishing evidence of the novel technology's value in routine care was systematically assessed. Assessment criteria were data availability, completeness, timeliness, confidentiality, reliability, and validity.Results: Claims data are better suited to MEA addressing uncertainty regarding the utilization and costs of a novel technology in routine care. In schemes where safety aspects or clinical effectiveness are assessed, the role of claims data is limited because clinical information is not included in sufficient detail.Conclusions: The suitability of claims data depends on the source of uncertainty and, in consequence, the outcome measures chosen in the agreements. In all schemes, the validity of claims data should be judged with caution as data are collected for billing purposes. This framework may support manufacturers and payers in selecting the most suitable contract type and agreeing on contract conditions. More research is necessary to validate these results and to address remaining medical, economic, legal, and ethical questions of using claims data for MEA.
Genetic diversity ofDidelphis virginianarelated to different levels of disturbance in the Highlands and the Central Depression regions of Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Cruz-Salazar Bárbara , Ruiz-Montoya Lorena , Vázquez-Domínguez Ella , Navarrete-Gutiérrez Darío , Espinoza-Medinilla Eduardo E. , Vázquez Luis-Bernardo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is considered highly adaptable to anthropogenic disturbances; however, the genetic effects of disturbance on this marsupial have not been studied in wild populations in Mexico. Here we evaluated the genetic diversity ofD. virginianaat sites with different levels of disturbance within the Highlands and Central Depression regions of Chiapas in southern Mexico. Twelve microsatellite loci were used and the results demonstrated moderate mean heterozygosity (He= 0.60;Ho= 0.50). No significant differences in heterozygosity were found among sites with different levels of disturbance in both regions (rangeHo= 0.42–0.57). We observed low but significant levels of genetic differentiation according to disturbance level. The inbreeding coefficient did not differ significantly from zero, suggesting that low genetic differentiation in these environments may be associated with sufficient random mating and gene flow, a result associated with the high dispersal and tolerance characteristics of this marsupial. Our results forD. virginianain this particular area of Mexico provide a foundation for exploring the impact of human disturbance on the genetic diversity of a common and generalist species.
Psychopathology, insight and compliance in schizophrenia
Authors: Bajaj Vikrant , Sengupta Somnath , Gupta Dhanesh Kumar 
Published: March 2016

AbstraactObjective: A four-week longitudinal study was conducted to assess the relationship between insight, psychopathology and treatment compliance in schizophrenia.Method: The study was conducted using Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire (ITAQ), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS). The sample comprised 50 patients with schizophrenia diagnosed according to research criteria of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), with a mean duration of illness of 5.32 years.Results: Substantial psychopathology was observed at intake and it improved significantly at the end of four weeks. Similar changes were observed in the score of insight and of compliance over four weeks. The insight and the compliance were positively correlated to each other at the beginning and at the end of four weeks. Both of these were negatively correlated with psychopathology scores on both occasions.Conclusion: Insight and psychopathology remain important determinants of treatment compliance in schizophrenia over short term and long term follow up.
Drug users' failure to modify alcohol consumption in response to hepatitis C
Authors: Noonan Angela , Kavanagh Paul , Sweeney Brion 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective: To measure (a) the prevalence of problem drinking in a population of methadone-treated drug users, (b) independent associations with problem drinking, (c) the effect of hepatitis C status on drinking behaviour, (d) the knowledge of drug users of their hepatitis C status and their perception of their drinking behaviour and (e) the attitude of drug users to the effect of alcohol on hepatitis C virus (HCV) related disease.Method: A cross sectional survey of 130 drug users in treatment at the National Drug Treatment Centre, Dublin was carried out. A questionnaire incorporated the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and data were collected on sociodemographics, drug use history, perceived HCV status and drinking behaviour, and attitudes to the impact of drinking on HCV related disease. Hepatitis serology and drug urine data were collected from clinical records.Results: The prevalence of problem drinking was 41% (95% CI 33-51%). Unstable accommodation, older age, male gender and longer duration of heroin use were independent associations with being a problem drinker. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of problem drinking across HCV status. Knowledge of HCV status was accurate, however 35% of those identified as AUDIT cases failed to recognise their problem drinking.Conclusion: HCV infection among Irish drug users is compounded by a high prevalence of problem drinking with drug users failing to modify their drinking in response. Incorrect perception of problem drinking status could be a barrier to addressing this potentially remediable risk factor.
Insight in mental illness: an educational review
Authors: McFarland John , McDonald Colm , Hallahan Brian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInsight is an elusive concept in psychiatry with a long history of divergent definitions and methods of measurements. Although insight was previously presumed to be a binary construct that an individual could possess or lack, there is an emerging consensus that insight is a multi-dimensional construct consisting of a spectrum of phenomena. Over recent years there has been increasing interest in the topic of insight, especially in relation to psychotic disorders where insight is frequently diminished. In this educational review we will discuss the history associated with the construct of insight, current theories in relation to insight, the association of insight with clinical symptoms and prognosis with particular reference to psychosis, the various methods of measuring insight, the aetiology of insight and present deficiencies in our understanding of insight.
Mental capacity: legislation and medical treatment decisions in Ireland
Authors: Agyapong Vincent IO , Wrigley Margo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper examines mental capacity legislation in Ireland and its implications for medical treatment decisions for people whose capacities are believed to be impaired. It draws on inferences from case laws and legislations in other jurisdictions and concludes that there is an urgent need for the enactment of appropriate mental capacity legislation in Ireland.
Deliberate self-harm in young people: attendance at a paediatric emergency department
Authors: Morgan Sophia , Byrne Sinead , Boylan Carole , McLearie Stephen , Fitzpatrick Carol 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectives: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is the strongest predictor of suicidal behaviour. This retrospective study reviewed all DSH presentations to our Paediatric Emergency Department between 2002-2006.Method: Using database and medical records we profiled these presentations. Data was coded and statistically analysed.Results: There were 253 DSH attendances. Twenty-four percent were living in care, 15% were under 12 years and 14% presented more than once. Overdoses (61%) were more common than cutting (16%) and 56% had a psychiatric condition.Conclusions: DSH presents an ongoing challenge to child and adolescent mental health services and those working in suicide prevention. Identifying the characteristics of these young people is essential to providing appropriate treatment for this high-risk group.
The distribution of wellbeing in Ireland
Authors: Delaney Liam , Doyle Orla , McKenzie Kenneth , Wall Patrick 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectives: There is a substantial knowledge gap about the distribution of mental health in community populations. The European Social Survey is particularly useful as it contains information on over 40,000 individuals, including 2,286 Irish adults. The objective of this study is to conduct a large scale statistical analysis to examine the distribution and determinants of mental wellbeing in a large representative sample of the Irish population.Method: Analysis of the European Social Survey using robust multiple linear and non-linear regression techniques. The data-set contains WHO-Five scores and subjective wellbeing for a sample of 2,286 Irish people interviewed in their homes in 2005.Results: Ireland has the second highest average WHO-Five score among the 22 countries in the European Social Survey. Multiple linear regression analysis across the distribution of WHO-Five reveals a wellbeing gradient largely related to education and social capital variables. A probit model examining the determinants of vulnerability to psychiatric morbidity reveals that a similar set of factors predict scores below the threshold point on the WHO-Five scale.Conclusions: The results are consistent with marked differences in mental wellbeing across education levels and variables relating to social capital factors. Such indicators provide a useful index for policy-makers and researchers. However, much further work is needed to identify causal mechanisms generating observed differences in mental health across different socioeconomic groups.