bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The recent fall in postperinatal mortality in New Zealand and the Safe Sleep programme
Authors: Mitchell Edwin A. , Cowan Stephanie , Tipene‐Leach David 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimPostneonatal mortality rates changed very little from 2000 until recently. There has been a decrease in mortality in New Zealand from 2009 to 2015. This study describes an infant Safe Sleep programme and postulates it is the cause for the recent decrease in deaths.MethodsThe Safe Sleep programme involved as follows: a focus on preventing accidental suffocation, a ‘blitz’ approach to SUDI education, the targeted provision of portable infant Safe Sleep devices (ISSD) and the development of Safe Sleep policy across all district health boards (DHBs).ResultsParticipation in the education ‘blitz’ by health professionals exceeded one in 23 live births, distribution of Safe Sleep leaflets exceeded two for every live birth, and over 16 500 ISSDs have been distributed to vulnerable infants. Postperinatal mortality fell 29% from 2009 to 2015 (2.8 to 2.0/1000 live births). The fall has been greatest for Māori and in regions with the most intensive programmes.ConclusionThe recent fall in postperinatal mortality has not happened by chance. It is likely that the components of end‐stage prevention strategy, a focus on preventing accidental suffocation, the education ‘blitz’, the targeted supply of ISSDs and strengthened health policy, have all contributed to varying degrees.
Exome sequencing identifies a novel nonsense mutation of HOXD13 in a Chinese family with synpolydactyly
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Niu , Geng Juan , Wang Zhigang , Fu Qihua , Wang Jian , Xu Yunlan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSynpolydactyly (SPD) is an autosomal dominant limb malformation with a distinctive combination of syndactyly and polydactyly. SPD is clinically heterogeneous and could be genetically classified into three types. The clinical phenotype of SPD is complicated by its variable expressivity. In the present study, whole exome sequencing (WES) was used to identify the affected gene(s) in a Chinese family with atypical SPD phenotype. Our results showed that a novel heterogenous nonsense mutation (c.556C > T, p.R186X) in HOXD13 was associated with this SPD case. Due to variable expressivity, the diagnosis of a clinical heterogenous disease such as SPD is usually difficult. Our results also suggested that WES is an efficient tool to assist with these diagnoses.
Sequential morphometric evaluation at UnicCa® and DCD® implant surfaces. An experimental study in the dog
Authors: Favero Vittorio , Lang Niklaus P. , Favero Riccardo , Antunes Antonio A. , Salata Luiz A. , Botticelli Daniele 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimTo study tissue components adjacent to implants with nanotechnologically modified surfaces at different periods of healing.Material & methodsIn 12 beagle dogs, two different implant systems with different surface configurations were randomly installed in the edentulous premolar regions of the mandible.One surface was first acid‐etched and subsequently, nanotechnologically modified with calcium ions (UnicCa®), while the other was first sandblasted and acid‐etched, and then additionally treated with a nanometer calcium phosphate deposition (discrete crystalline deposition; DCD®). The implants were fully submerged; surgeries and sacrifices were planned to harvest biopsies after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of healing (n = 6 per period).A morphometric evaluation of percentages of new and old bone, bone debris/particles and clot, new soft tissues (provisional matrix and immature marrow), mature bone marrow and vessels was performed in the spongiosa compartment adjacent to the implant surface up to a distance of about 0.4 mm from the surface.ResultsAfter 2 weeks of healing, the soft tissues were represented by 41.0% at the UnicCa® and 37.9% at the DCD® surfaces, in both cases mainly being composed of provisional matrix. These percentages decreased over time, being composed of greater amounts of immature bone marrow, and disappeared after 8 weeks. New bone increased progressively between 1 and 8 weeks of healing from 9.7 ± 6.3% to 70.0 ± 8.4% and from 8.2 ± 3.5% to 67.0 ± 6.1% at the UnicCa® and DCD® surfaces, respectively. Pristine bone was progressively resorbed.ConclusionsThroughout the periods of healing observed, the formation of a provisional matrix followed by the formation of new bone and marrow was revealed in a similar fashion as for other modified surface configurations.
Adverse reaction after hyaluronan injection for minimally invasive papilla volume augmentation. A report on two cases
Authors: Bertl Kristina , Gotfredsen Klaus , Jensen Simon S. , Bruckmann Corinna , Stavropoulos Andreas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo report two cases of adverse reaction after mucosal hyaluronan (HY) injection around implant‐supported crowns, with the aim to augment the missing interdental papilla.Material and MethodsTwo patients with single, non‐neighbouring, implants in the anterior maxilla, who were treated within the frames of a randomized controlled clinical trial testing the effectiveness of HY gel injection to reconstruct missing papilla volume at single implants, presented an adverse reaction. Injection of HY was performed bilaterally using a 3‐step technique: (i) creation of a reservoir in the mucosa directly above the mucogingival junction, (ii) injection into the attached gingiva/mucosa below the missing papilla, and (iii) injection 2–3 mm apically to the papilla tip. The whole‐injection session was repeated once after approximately 4 weeks.ResultsBoth patients presented with swelling and extreme tenderness with a burning sensation on the lip next to the injection area, after the second injection session. In one of the cases, a net‐like skin discoloration (livedo reticularis) was also noted. The symptoms lasted for up to 7 days, and in both cases, symptoms resolved without any signs of skin or mucosal necrosis or any permanent damage.ConclusionMost likely, water attraction over time by the highly hygroscopic HY, exerted progressively an external vascular compression and at least partial occlusion of neighbouring blood vessels. An infection or an allergic reaction seems unlikely, since all symptoms gradually disappeared within a week irrespective use of antimicrobials, while an allergic reaction most likely would not have been restricted to one side.
A systematic review of motivational values and conservation success in and around protected areas
Authors: Cetas Elijah R. , Yasué Maï 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn conservation projects in and around protected areas (PAs), a suite of policy instruments are used to promote conservation behavior in local people. Few studies have related psychological research on motivational values to conservation in PAs. We conducted a systematic review of 120 peer‐reviewed articles to assess the relative frequencies of policy instruments that aimed to foster intrinsic versus extrinsic motivations to conserve. We examined how the type of motivation engendered by the instrument (i.e., intrinsic or extrinsic motivation and based on the description of how the project was designed and implemented) influenced the ecological, economic, and social success of the project. We assessed the success of the project in only the case studies that included a quantitative or qualitative analysis of success. Projects designed to foster at least one intrinsically motivating instrument were 3 times more likely to meet socioeconomic or ecological goals. Although certain types of instruments such as payments or fines tended to be based on extrinsic motivators more often than education or monitoring programs, several successful projects involving payments or fines were linked to intrinsic motivation in the local community. Thus, our results suggest that rather than debating the relative merits of specific types of policy instruments, conservationists may have more success by focusing on how different motivators, suited to specific contexts, can better empower local communities to conserve. Broadly, our results suggest the current emphasis on social justice and well‐being of local communities is a positive step toward protecting the world's remaining biodiversity.
Can contact allergy to p‐phenylenediamine explain the high rates of terpene hydroperoxide allergy? – An epidemiological study based on consecutive patch test results
Authors: Bennike Niels Højsager , Lepoittevin Jean‐Pierre , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundContact allergy to linalool hydroperoxides (Lin‐OOHs) and limonene hydroperoxides (Lim‐OOHs) is common. Similarly to what occurs with the terpene hydroperoxides, reactive intermediates formed from p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) can cause oxidative modifications of tryptophan residues on proteins in mechanistic studies.ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that patients sensitized to PPD are at increased risk of concomitant reactivity to either of the terpene hydroperoxides, owing to a ‘common pathway’ of skin protein oxidation.MethodsA database study of consecutively patch tested eczema patients (n = 3843) from 2012 to 2015, tested concomitantly with PPD, Lim‐OOHs and Lin‐OOHs, was performed. Associations were examined by level of concordance and odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, sex, and contact allergy to fragrance mix I and fragrance mix II.ResultsConcomitant reactions to PPD were seen in 2.2% of Lim‐OOH‐positive patients and in 4.9% of Lin‐OOH‐positive patients. Neither proportion was higher than expected by chance. No association existed between PPD and Lim‐OOH patch test reactivity. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, PPD allergy was associated with an insignificantly increased risk (OR 2.11, 95%CI:0.92–4.80) of a positive patch test reaction to Lin‐OOHs.ConclusionsPPD sensitization cannot explain the high rates of sensitization to Lin‐OOHs and/or Lim‐OOHs. Contact allergy to oxidized linalool is more strongly associated with fragrance allergy than with PPD allergy.
Association between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) cutoff values (25 ppb) and risk factors of cough
Authors: Qian Ling , Pan Shiying , Shi Jingdong , Du Yong , Huang Qihui , Jie Zhijun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionCough is among the most common symptoms for patients to seek medical attention.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) cutoff values (25 ppb) and risk factors related to cough, hoping to evaluate the feasibility of the FeNO cut point values (25 ppb) for clinical prediction of cough in etiology.MethodsIn 107 adult patients with acute, subacute, or chronic cough, the FeNO, forced expiratory volume for 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), blood routine (white blood cell and neutrophil), immunoglobulin E (IgE), lymphocyte eosinophils, and hemoglobin were measured. The Student's t‐test was used to test the differences of FeNO levels compared with FEV1/FVC, lymphocyte, and hemoglobin level. For evaluating the correlation of FeNO levels with IgE, eosinophil, blood routine, pulmonary infection, and smoking status, the chi‐square test was performed.ResultsFeNO cutoff value (25 ppb) significantly correlated with serum IgE (P < .0001) between ≥200 IU/mL and <200 IU/mL level, eosinophil (P = .039) between ≥5% and <5% level, lymphocyte percentage (P = .032) and the ratio of FEV1/FVC (P = .032), while weakly correlated with pulmonary infection, blood routine (white blood cell and neutrophil), hemoglobin, and smoking.ConclusionThe cutoff values of FeNO (≥25 ppb or <25 ppb) are useful for etiological detection of cough with high sensitivity.
Disparities in adversity among children with autism spectrum disorder: a population‐based study
Authors: Berg Kristin L , Shiu Cheng‐Shi , Acharya Kruti , Stolbach Bradley C , Msall Michael E 
Published: June 2016

AimPeople with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) experience disparities in health. An important but overlooked risk factor for health disparities in the ASD population is adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of ACEs among families of children with and without ASD, using a population‐based sample.MethodData from the 2011 to 2012 National Survey of Child Health were analyzed to estimate prevalence of ACEs among families of children with and without ASD, age 3 to 17 years (ASD=1611; estimated population=1 165 34). The child's ASD status was obtained from parent report; ACEs were assessed with the modified Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale. Bivariate and multinomial logistic regression analyses were utilized to investigate the relationship between ACEs and childhood ASD status.ResultsASD status among children was significantly and independently associated with higher probability of reporting one to three ACEs (adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] 1.53; 95% CI: 1.16–2.0; p<0.010) and four or more ACEs (aRRR 1.99; 95% CI: 1.35–2.91; p<0.010).InterpretationChildren with ASD may experience a greater number of family and neighborhood adversities, potentially compromising their chances for optimal physical and behavioral health outcomes. Assessment and reduction of ACEs among families of young people with ASD could potentially contribute to the reduction of population health disparities.
The ecology of sex explains patterns of helping in arthropod societies
Authors: Davies Nicholas G. , Ross Laura , Gardner Andy 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAcross arthropod societies, sib‐rearing (e.g. nursing or nest defence) may be provided by females, by males or by both sexes. According to Hamilton's ‘haplodiploidy hypothesis’, this diversity reflects the relatedness consequences of diploid vs. haplodiploid inheritance. However, an alternative ‘preadaptation hypothesis’ instead emphasises an interplay of ecology and the co‐option of ancestral, sexually dimorphic traits for sib‐rearing. The preadaptation hypothesis has recently received empirical support, but remains to be formalised. Here, we mathematically model the coevolution of sex‐specific helping and sex allocation, contrasting these hypotheses. We find that ploidyper sehas little effect. Rather, the ecology of sex shapes patterns of helping: sex‐specific preadaptation strongly influences who helps; a freely adjustable sex ratio magnifies sex biases and promotes helping; and sib‐mating, promiscuity, and reproductive autonomy also modulate the sex and abundance of helpers. An empirical survey reveals that patterns of sex‐specific helping in arthropod taxa are consistent with the preadaptation hypothesis.
Association of ideal cardiovascular health metrics and cognitive functioning: the APAC study
Authors: Zhang N. , Yang Y. , Wang A. , Cao Y. , Li J. , Yang Y. , Zhang K. , Zhang W. , Wu S. , Wang Z. , Zhu M. , Zhang Y. , Wu S. , Wang C. , Zhao X. 
Published: June 2016

Background and purposePrevious studies have demonstrated that the components of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics are related to dementia. This study aimed to investigate the overall effects of ideal CVH metrics on cognitive functioning.MethodsInformation was collected on the seven ideal CVH metrics (smoking, body mass index, dietary intake, physical activity, blood pressure, total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose) from the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community study, and cognitive functioning was assessed by the score of the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression models were used to assess the relationships between ideal CVH metrics and cognitive functioning.ResultsA total of 3260 (56.7% men) patients were included in this study. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the associations between the number or score of ideal CVH metrics and cognitive impairment remained significant [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) 0.773 (0.664–0.928) and 0.904 (0.831–0.983), respectively]. In addition, there were significant linear relationships between the number or score of CVH metrics and the score of the MMSE (β = 0.211 and 0.134 respectively, P < 0.001).ConclusionsA clear inverse association was observed between the number or score of ideal CVH metrics and cognitive impairment in a Chinese population, supporting the importance of ideal CVH metrics in prevention of dementia.
Conflicting Pathways to Participation in the FL Classroom: L2 Speech Production vs. L2 Thought Processes
Authors: Bernales Carolina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPrevious research on foreign language classroom participation has shown that oral production has a privileged status compared to less salient forms of participation, such as mental involvement and engagement in class activities. This mixed‐methods study presents an alternative look at classroom participation by investigating the relationship between second language (L2) thoughts and L2 speech in German as a foreign language learners in a language program in the United States. At four points during an academic semester, 16 students answered an in‐class survey that aimed at recording students' estimations of how much of their thoughts had been formulated in the L2 and how much of their speech had been articulated in the L2. A small subset of these students participated in individual stimulated recall interviews to gather their own reflections on their thought processes and L2 speech production. Results show that students' L2 speech production is conditioned by a complex interplay of variables, which results in a mismatch between self‐reported L2 thoughts and L2 speech. Several explanations derived from interview data are offered to account for this divergence, such as motivational tendencies, misperceptions of L2 use, the production of rehearsed speech, metalinguistic thoughts in the first language, and conceptions of silence as a valid form of participation. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
Temperature affects the partitioning of absorbed light energy in freshwater phytoplankton
Authors: Fanesi Andrea , Wagner Heiko , Becker Annette , Wilhelm Christian 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Temperature affects phytoplankton growth by altering the balance between light energy absorption and consumption. However, the way absorbed light energy (Qphar) is partitioned as a function of temperature has never been compared among phytoplankton groups. Accordingly, light‐energy partitioning in seven freshwater phytoplankton species acclimated to eight temperatures (7–35 °C) was quantified by photosynthetic and bio‐optical measurements.

At low temperature, cyanobacteria and green algae received an excess of energy due to a decreased C‐fixation capacity. Consequently, Qphar partitioning was mainly directed towards dissipation mechanisms, such as non‐photochemical quenching and alternative electron pathways. The same photo‐protective mechanisms were stimulated in diatoms, but their ability to maintain stable C‐fixation capacities over the entire temperature range prevented the cells from experiencing excessive excitation pressure.

At high temperatures, Qphar was preferentially invested in growth, showing a taxon‐specific positive correlation with growth rate. The cyanobacteria and a diatom required the lowest amount of energy to sustain their growth rate. The higher efficiency of these taxa in using light for growth is therefore a cellular trait that favours their dominance during summer.

Our results are in line with literature reports showing temporal changes in species composition that can be attributed to temperature, and may help to explain the seasonal succession of species observed in nature.
Environmental performance of gasified willow from different lands including land‐use changes
Authors: Saez de Bikuña Koldo , Hauschild Michael Zwicky , Pilegaard Kim , Ibrom Andreas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA life‐cycle assessment (LCA) of a low‐input, short rotation coppice (SRC) willow grown on different Danish lands was performed. Woodchips are gasified, producer gas is used for cogeneration of heat and power (CHP), and the ash–char output is applied as soil amendment in the field. A hybrid model was developed for the estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from indirect land‐use changes (iLUC) induced by willow cropping on arable land (iLUCfood). For this, area expansion results from a general equilibrium economic model were combined with global LUC trends to differentiate between land transformation (as additional agricultural expansion, in areas with historical deforestation) and occupation (as delayed relaxation, DR, in areas with historical land abandonment) impacts. A biophysical approach was followed to determine the iLUCfeed emissions factor from marginal grassland. Land transformation impacts were derived from latest world deforestation statistics, while a commercial feed mix of equivalent nutritive value was assumed to substitute the displaced grass as fodder. Intensification effects were included in both iLUC factors as additional N‐fertilizer consumption. Finally, DR impacts were considered for abandoned farmland, as a relative C stock loss compared to natural regeneration. ILUC results show that area related GHG emissions are dominant (93% of iLUCfood and 80% of iLUCfeed), transformation being more important (82% of iLUCfood) than occupation (11%) impacts. LCA results show that CHP from willow emits 4047 kg CO2‐eq (or 0.8 gCO2‐eq MJ−1) when grown on arable land, while sequestering 43 745 kg CO2‐eq (or −10.4 gCO2‐eq MJ−1) when planted on marginal pastureland, and 134 296 kg CO2‐eq (or −31.8 gCO2‐eq MJ−1) when marginal abandoned land is cultivated. Increasing the bioenergy potential without undesirable iLUC effects, especially relevant regarding biodiversity impacts, requires that part of the marginally used extensive grasslands are released from their current use or energy cropping on abandoned farmland incentivized.
A comprehensive review of hydrocarbons and genetic model of the sandstone‐hosted Dongsheng uranium deposit, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Cao B. F. , Bai G. P. , Zhang K. X. , Zhang L. K. , He B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Dongsheng uranium deposit, the largest in situ leach uranium mine in the Ordos Basin, geometrically forms a roll‐front type deposit that is hosted in the Middle Jurassic Zhiluo Formation. The genesis of the mineralization, however, has long been a topic of great debate. Regional faults, epigenetic alterations in surface outcrops, natural oil seeps, and experimental findings support a reducing microenvironment during ore genesis. The bulk of the mineralization is coffinite. Based on thin‐section petrography, some of the coffinite is intimately intergrown with authigenic pyrite (ore‐stage pyrite) and is commonly juxtaposed with some late diagenetic sparry calcite (ore‐stage calcite) in primary pores, suggesting simultaneous precipitation. Measured homogenization temperatures of greater than 100°C from fluid inclusions indicate circulation of low‐temperature hydrothermal fluids in the ore zone. The carbon isotopic compositions of late calcite cement (δ13CVPDB = −31.0 to −1.4‰) suggest that they were partly derived from sedimentary organic carbon, possibly from deep‐seated petroleum fluids emanating from nearby faults. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data from kaolinite cement (δD = −133 to −116‰ and δ18OSMOW = 12.6–13.8‰) indicate that the mineralizing fluids differed from magmatic and metamorphic fluids and were more depleted in D (2H) than modern regional meteoric waters. Such a strongly negative hydrogen isotopic signature suggests that there has been selective modification of δD by CH4±H2S±H2 fluids. Ore‐stage pyrite lies within a very wide range of δ34S (−39.2 to 26.9‰), suggesting that the pyrite has a complex origin and that bacterially mediated sulfate reduction cannot be precluded. Hydrocarbon migration and its role in uranium reduction and precipitation have here been unequivocally defined. Thus, a unifying model for uranium mineralization can be established: Early coupled bacterial uranium mineralization and hydrocarbon oxidation were followed by later recrystallization of ore phases in association with low‐temperature hydrothermal solutions under hydrocarbon‐induced reducing conditions.