bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The anterior complex: A visual mnemonic to aid in identification of normal structures
Authors: Ranzini Angela C. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe anterior complex of the fetal brain is a group of structures that are important to evaluate during the routine anatomic survey to exclude several serious brain malformations. These structures include the cavum septum pellucidum, anterior horns, interhemispheric fissure, callosal sulcus, and corpus callosum. The relationship between these structures is easily remembered with the presented visual cartoon. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:477–479, 2017
Multifractality of Canadian precipitation and streamflow
Authors: Tan Xuezhi , Gan Thian Yew 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and multifractal DFA, which can detect nonstationarities of time series with trends, were applied to study long‐term persistence (LTP) and multifractal behaviour of 100 stations of daily precipitation and 145 stations of streamflow time series of Canada. Results show that all precipitation time series showed LTP at both small and large time scales, while streamflow time series generally showed nonstationary behaviour at small time scales and LTP at large time scales. The significant multifractal behaviour of Canadian precipitation and streamflow data can be accurately described by the universal multifractal model and the modified multiplicative cascade model. Precipitation over central Canada showed stronger multifractality than that of western and eastern Canada, while multifractality of streamflow data is less spatially homogeneous. The multifractal strength of precipitation is generally smaller than that of streamflow. Eleven (9) out of 100 precipitation stations showed positive (negative) temporal trends in parameters derived using the universal multifractal model, and about half of the stations whose streamflow data exhibited statistically significant abrupt change points showed a weakening or strengthening in the multifractal strength moving from the pre‐change to the post‐change periods. Differences in the multifractal strength between Canadian precipitation and streamflow data suggest that the persistence of streamflow was not only because streamflow is more autocorrelated than precipitation but also it is more consistently affected by human activities such as streamflow regulation.
Effect of praseodymium and erbium additions on solidification characteristics, microstructure and mechanical properties of as–cast ZRE1 magnesium alloy
Authors: Ahmad R. , Sheggaf Z.M. , Asmael M.B.A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this research, computer‐aided cooling curve thermal analysis, microstructure analysis, hardness measurements, and tensile test were performed to investigate the effect of praseodymium (Pr) and erbium (Er) additions on as‐cast ZRE1 magnesium (Mg) alloys. Results from the cooling curve and microstructure analysis showed that praseodymium and erbium altered the grain size of the alloys. Thermal analysis result demonstrated an increased solidification rate with praseodymium and erbium additions. Furthermore, the grain size was reduced by approximately 16 % and 15 % with the addition of praseodymium and erbium, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy results showed that praseodymium combined with the original second phase and formed Mg−Zn‐Pr−Ce, and erbium dissolved into the α‐Mg matrix. Both additives improved the hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the ZRE1 magnesium alloy.
Weld strength in solid–state recycling of aluminum chips
Authors: Shamsudin S. , Lajis M.A. , Zhong Z.W. , Ahmad A. , Wagiman A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn solid‐state recycling, chip morphology related parameters such as size fraction, surface topography and geometry are important factors in resulting final bond strength. Analyzing deformation parameters together with chip morphology can provide an insight of which factors are very crucial to mechanical performance of the recycled chips. This work investigates the effect of chip morphology and in particular chip roughness and surface area on the weld strength of direct recycled aluminum chips. The influence of these factors were compared with the influences of temperature and pressure. Full factorial design with center point analysis was adopted to rank the factors effects. The chips of AA6061 were cold compacted at 10 tonnes and subsequently hot forged through the dog bone shape‐die at different operating regimes. The elastic and plastic behavior and ultimate tensile strength of the hot‐pressed samples were analyzed and compared. It was found that temperature and pressure are more important to be controlled rather than the chip morphology. Low chip roughness incorporated with high temperature revealed a very significant influence over the weld strength attainment. Regardless of the chip roughness, the bond strength can still be maximized when other deformation factors were controlled within the minimum specified limit.
Mechanical properties of recycled aluminium chip reinforced with alumina (Al2O3) particle
Authors: Lajis M.A. , Ahmad A. , Yusuf N.K. , Azami A.H. , Wagiman A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMetal matrix composites spur the possibility of advancing typical monolithic material properties. Offering great strength, lightweight and being able to withstand high temperatures are the main behaviours of the metal matrix composite. To that extent, many practitioners in either automotive or aerospace industries employed metal matrix composite in most of the critical parts. Forming metal matrix composite via solid state processing is considered innovative, as most of the metal matrix composite forming process took place either in liquid or gaseous processing. This paper studied in varying alumina amount from 1 to 5 wt % that had been introduced to recycled aluminium chip employing hot press forging. Aluminium chip was obtained by milling AA6061‐T6 bulk to a certain parameter. The medium size chips were cleaned, dried and mixed with alumina particles before being poured into a closed‐die mould. The main responses investigated were ultimate tensile strength and elongation to failure. Out of all fractions, 2 wt % of alumina ousted the other by significantly strengthening the composite and ductility, slightly better than the standard value. Further addition of alumina would enhance the composite strength, but in contrary, it also could threaten the material performance.
Finger extension weakness and downbeat nystagmus motor neuron disease syndrome: A novel motor neuron disorder?
Authors: Delva Aline , Thakore Nimish , Pioro Erik P. , Poesen Koen , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel , Meijer Inge A. , Rucker Janet C. , Kissel John T. , Van Damme Philip 
Published: April 2017

ABSTACTIntroduction: Disturbances of eye movements are infrequently encountered in motor neuron diseases (MNDs) or motor neuropathies, and there is no known syndrome that combines progressive muscle weakness with downbeat nystagmus. Methods: To describe the core clinical features of a syndrome of MND associated with downbeat nystagmus, clinical features were collected from 6 patients. Results: All patients had slowly progressive muscle weakness and wasting in combination with downbeat nystagmus, which was clinically most obvious in downward and lateral gaze. Onset was in the second to fourth decade with finger extension weakness, progressing to other distal and sometimes more proximal muscles. Visual complaints were not always present. Electrodiagnostic testing showed signs of regional motor axonal loss in all patients. Discussion: The etiology of this syndrome remains elusive. Because finger extension weakness and downbeat nystagmus are the discriminating clinical features of this MND, we propose the name FEWDON‐MND syndrome. Muscle Nerve 56: 1164–1168, 2017
Mental illness in bariatric surgery: A cohort study from the PORTAL network
Authors: Fisher David , Coleman Karen J. , Arterburn David E. , Fischer Heidi , Yamamoto Ayae , Young Deborah R. , Sherwood Nancy E. , Trinacty Connie Mah , Lewis Kristina H. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo compare bariatric surgery outcomes according to preoperative mental illness category.MethodsElectronic health record data from several US healthcare systems were used to compare outcomes of four groups of patients who underwent bariatric surgery in 2012 and 2013. These included the following: people with (1) no mental illness, (2) mild‐to‐moderate depression or anxiety, (3) severe depression or anxiety, and (4) bipolar, psychosis, or schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Groups were compared on weight loss trajectory using generalized estimating equations using B‐spline bases and on all‐cause emergency department visits and hospital days using zero‐inflated Poisson and negative binomial regression up to 2 years after surgery. Models were adjusted for demographic and health covariates, including baseline healthcare use.ResultsAmong 8,192 patients, mean age was 44.3 (10.7) years, 79.9% were female, and 45.6% were white. Fifty‐seven percent had preoperative mental illness. There were no differences between groups for weight loss, but patients with preoperative severe depression or anxiety or bipolar, psychosis, or schizophrenia spectrum disorders had higher follow‐up levels of emergency department visits and hospital days compared to those with no mental illness.ConclusionsIn this multicenter study, mental illness was not associated with differential weight loss after bariatric surgery, but additional research could focus on reducing acute care use among these patients.
Clear cell sarcoma of kidney involving a horseshoe kidney and harboring EGFR internal tandem duplication
Authors: Santiago Teresa , Clay Michael R. , Azzato Elizabeth , Newman Scott , Fernandez‐Pineda Israel , Nichols Kim E. , Zhang Jinghui , Downing James R. , Davidoff Andrew , Brennan Rachel C. , Ellison David W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractClear cell sarcoma of kidney (CCSK) is a rare renal malignancy, previously unreported in horseshoe kidney (HSK). B‐cell lymphoma 6 corepressor (BCOR) gene internal tandem duplication (ITD) was identified as a recurrent somatic alteration in approximately 85% of CCSKs. This and the YWHAE–NUTM2B/E fusion, the second most common recurrent molecular alteration in CCSK (10%), are considered to be mutually exclusive. However, there is a subset of CCSKs that do not harbor either the BCOR‐ITD or YWHAE–NUTM2 translocation and lack known molecular alterations. Herein, we report the first case of CCSK arising in HSK and harboring epidermal growth factor receptor ITD.
Current progresses of 3D bioprinting based tissue engineering
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Wang Xiu‐Jie 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThe shortage of available organs for transplantation is the major obstacle hindering the application of regenerative medicine, and has also become the desperate problem faced by more and more patients nowadays. The recent development and application of 3D printing technique in biological research (bioprinting) has revolutionized the tissue engineering methods, and become a promising solution for tissue regeneration.ResultsIn this review, we summarize the current application of bioprinting in producing tissues and organoids, and discuss the future directions and challenges of 3D bioprinting.ConclusionsCurrently, 3D bioprinting is capable to generate patient‐specialized bone, cartilage, blood vascular network, hepatic unit and other simple components/tissues, yet pure cell‐based functional organs are still desired.
Letting off steam: Interim constitutions as a safety valve to the pressure-cooker of transitions in conflict-affected states?
Authors: RODRIGUES CHARMAINE 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:Recent years have seen considerably more attention being given to constitution-making as a field of deliberate study and practice, particularly with regard to the challenges and opportunities posed by constitution-making in conflict-affected states. A consequence of this work has been a more explicit recognition of the interconnectedness of peace processes and constitutional processes as mechanisms of political settlement. Within this context, this article argues for the more deliberate use of interim constitutions as a peacebuilding mechanism with potential to be effective in highly divided contexts in grounding a more inclusive and sustainable political settlement. This article argues that while interim constitutions are indeed commonly found in conflict-affected contexts, their use appears ad hoc and their design poorly conceived. The article reflects upon the potential strengths and weaknesses offered by interim constitutions in fragile and conflict-affected states. Reflecting on both the existing scholarship and the author’s own practical field experience, the article concludes that if a more modest and realistic approach to what constitution-making can achieve in fragile and conflict-affected states is coupled with more attention to design, interim constitutions can provide space and time to undertake more comprehensive discussions regarding the longer-term settlements.
The Trichodesmium consortium: conserved heterotrophic co-occurrence and genomic signatures of potential interactions
Authors: Lee Michael D , Walworth Nathan G , McParland Erin L , Fu Fei-Xue , Mincer Tracy J , Levine Naomi M , Hutchins David A , Webb Eric A 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The nitrogen (N)-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is globally distributed in warm, oligotrophic oceans, where it contributes a substantial proportion of new N and fuels primary production. These photoautotrophs form macroscopic colonies that serve as relatively nutrient-rich substrates that are colonized by many other organisms. The nature of these associations may modulate ocean N and carbon (C) cycling, and can offer insights into marine co-evolutionary mechanisms. Here we integrate multiple omics-based and experimental approaches to investigate Trichodesmium-associated bacterial consortia in both laboratory cultures and natural environmental samples. These efforts have identified the conserved presence of a species of Gammaproteobacteria (Alteromonas macleodii), and enabled the assembly of a near-complete, representative genome. Interorganismal comparative genomics between A. macleodii and Trichodesmium reveal potential interactions that may contribute to the maintenance of this association involving iron and phosphorus acquisition, vitamin B12 exchange, small C compound catabolism, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. These results identify what may be a keystone organism within Trichodesmium consortia and support the idea that functional selection has a major role in structuring associated microbial communities. These interactions, along with likely many others, may facilitate Trichodesmium’s unique open-ocean lifestyle, and could have broad implications for oligotrophic ecosystems and elemental cycling.
Synthesis of extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by oxidative tandem spirocyclization and 1,2-aryl migration
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Xu Zhanqiang , Si Weili , Oniwa Kazuaki , Bao Ming , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Jin Tienan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have received significant interdisciplinary attention due to their semiconducting applications in diverse organic electronics as well as intriguing structural interests of well-defined graphene segments. Herein, a highly efficient oxidative spirocyclization and 1,2-aryl migration tandem synthetic method for the construction of extended polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been developed. The CuCl-catalyst/PhCO3tBu or DDQ oxidation system in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid enables the selective single-electron oxidation to take place preferentially at the more electron-rich alkene moiety of o-biphenylyl-substituted methylenefluorenes, giving rise to the subsequent tandem process. A variety of structurally diverse extended PAHs including functionalized dibenzo[g,p]chrysenes, benzo[f]naphtho[1,2-s]picene, hexabenzo[a,c,fg,j,l,op]tetracene, tetrabenzo[a,c,f,m]phenanthro[9,10-k]tetraphene, tetrabenzo[a,c,f,k]phenanthro[9,10-m]tetraphene, tetrabenzo[a,c,f,o]phenanthro[9,10-m]picene and S-type helicene have been readily synthesized.
Understanding and designing magnetoelectric heterostructures guided by computation: progresses, remaining questions, and perspectives
Authors: Hu Jia-Mian , Duan Chun-Gang , Nan Ce-Wen , Chen Long-Qing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMagnetoelectric composites and heterostructures integrate magnetic and dielectric materials to produce new functionalities, e.g., magnetoelectric responses that are absent in each of the constituent materials but emerge through the coupling between magnetic order in the magnetic material and electric order in the dielectric material. The magnetoelectric coupling in these composites and heterostructures is typically achieved through the exchange of magnetic, electric, or/and elastic energy across the interfaces between the different constituent materials, and the coupling effect is measured by the degree of conversion between magnetic and electric energy in the absence of an electric current. The strength of magnetoelectric coupling can be tailored by choosing suited materials for each constituent and by geometrical and microstructural designs. In this article, we discuss recent progresses on the understanding of magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms and the design of magnetoelectric heterostructures guided by theory and computation. We outline a number of unsolved issues concerning magnetoelectric heterostructures. We compile a relatively comprehensive experimental dataset on the magnetoelecric coupling coefficients in both bulk and thin-film magnetoelectric composites and offer a perspective on the data-driven computational design of magnetoelectric composites at the mesoscale microstructure level.
Crowding-facilitated macromolecular transport in attractive micropost arrays
Authors: Chien Fan-Tso , Lin Po-Keng , Chien Wei , Hung Cheng-Hsiang , Yu Ming-Hung , Chou Chia-Fu , Chen Yeng-Long 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOur study of DNA dynamics in weakly attractive nanofabricated post arrays revealed crowding enhances polymer transport, contrary to hindered transport in repulsive medium. The coupling of DNA diffusion and adsorption to the microposts results in more frequent cross-post hopping and increased long-term diffusivity with increased crowding density. We performed Langevin dynamics simulations and found maximum long-term diffusivity in post arrays with gap sizes comparable to the polymer radius of gyration. We found that macromolecular transport in weakly attractive post arrays is faster than in non-attractive dense medium. Furthermore, we employed hidden Markov analysis to determine the transition of macromolecular adsorption-desorption on posts and hopping between posts. The apparent free energy barriers are comparable to theoretical estimates determined from polymer conformational fluctuations.
A novel microfluidic 3D platform for culturing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells: comparison with in vitro cultures and in vivo xenografts
Authors: Beer Meike , Kuppalu Nirmala , Stefanini Matteo , Becker Holger , Schulz Ingo , Manoli Sagar , Schuette Julia , Schmees Christian , Casazza Armando , Stelzle Martin , Arcangeli Annarosa 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe integration of microfluidics and cell biology has reached a significant milestone with the development of “organ-on-chips”, smart technological platforms that, once applied to the study of human diseases, such as cancer, might ultimately contribute to design personalised treatments and hence improve health outcomes. This paper reports that the combination of microfluidics and dielectrophoresis (DEP) allows to culture different pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) human cell lines into a cyclic olefin polymer (COP) chamber (HepaChip®), enriched by the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein collagen. We show that PDAC cells cultured into the HepaChip® (1) are vital and grow, provided they properly attach to collagen; (2) show morphological appearance and growth characteristics closer to those of cells grown as spheroids than as classical 2 dimensional (2D) in vitro cultures. Finally, preliminary experiments show that PDAC cells respond to high doses of Cisplatin perfused through the chip. Overall, the present microfluidic platform could be exploited in the future for a personalised approach to PDAC.
Saccharomyces boulardii Administration Changes Gut Microbiota and Attenuates D-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Yu Lei , Zhao Xue-ke , Cheng Ming-liang , Yang Guo-zhen , Wang Bi , Liu Hua-juan , Hu Ya-xin , Zhu Li-li , Zhang Shuai , Xiao Zi-wen , Liu Yong-mei , Zhang Bao-fang , Mu Mao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGrowing evidence has shown that gut microbiome is a key factor involved in liver health. Therefore, gut microbiota modulation with probiotic bacteria, such as Saccharomyces boulardii, constitutes a promising therapy for hepatosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of S. boulardii on D-Galactosamine-induced liver injury in mice. Liver function test and histopathological analysis both suggested that the liver injury can be effectively attenuated by S. boulardii administration. In the meantime, S. boulardii induced dramatic changes in the gut microbial composition. At the phylum level, we found that S. boulardii significantly increased in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, and decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, which may explain the hepatic protective effects of S. boulardii. Taken together, our results demonstrated that S. boulardii administration could change the gut microbiota in mice and alleviate acute liver failure, indicating a potential protective and therapeutic role of S. boulardii.
Enhanced photoelectrochemical activities for water oxidation and phenol degradation on WO3 nanoplates by transferring electrons and trapping holes
Authors: Sun Liqun , Wang Yuying , Raziq Fazal , Qu Yang , Bai Linlu , Jing Liqiang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIt is highly desired to improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of nanosized WO3 by artificially modulating the photogenerated electrons and holes simultaneously. Herein, WO3 nanoplates have been successfully prepared by a simple one-pot two-phase separated hydrolysis-solvothermal method, and then co-modified with RGO and phosphate acid successively by wet chemical processes. Subsequently, the as-prepared WO3-based nanoplates were immobilized on the conductive glasses to explore the PEC activities for both water oxidation to evolve O2 and phenol degradation. It is clearly demonstrated that the co-modified WO3 nanoplates exhibit significantly improved PEC activities compared with pristine WO3, especially for that with the amount-optimized modifiers by ca. 6-time enhancement. Mainly based on the evaluated hydroxyl radical amounts produced and the electrochemical impedance spectra, it is suggested that the improved PEC activities are attributed to the greatly enhanced photogenerated charge separation after chemically modification with RGO and phosphate groups to WO3, respectively by transferring electrons as the collectors and trapping holes via the formed negative field after phosphate disassociation. This work provides a feasible synthetic strategy to improve the photoactivities of nanosized WO3 for energy production and environmental remediation.