bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipopolysaccharide, a possible molecular mediator between periodontitis and coronary artery disease
Authors: Liljestrand John M. , Paju Susanna , Buhlin Kåre , Persson G. Rutger , Sarna Seppo , Nieminen Markku S. , Sinisalo Juha , Mäntylä Päivi , Pussinen Pirkko J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimWe aimed to study how lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in saliva and serum associates with each other, periodontal microbial burden, periodontitis and coronary artery disease (CAD).Materials and methodsThe used Parogene cohort comprised N = 505 Finnish adults. Coronary diagnosis was acquired by coronary angiography, and the main outcomes were as follows: no significant CAD (n = 123), stable CAD (n = 184) and acute coronary syndrome (n = 169). Periodontitis was defined according to clinical and radiographic examinations. Levels for 75 strains of subgingival bacteria were determined by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Saliva and serum LPS activity was analysed by Limulus amebocyte lysate assay.ResultsThe level of 11 bacterial strains, which were mainly oral and respiratory Gram‐negative species, associated with salivary LPS levels in an age‐ and gender‐adjusted linear regression. A total of 4.9% of the serum LPS, that is endotoxemia, variation was explainable by saliva LPS among patients with periodontitis (n = 247, R2 = .049, Pearson's r = .222, p < .001). Endotoxemia associated with stable CAD in a confounder adjusted multinomial logistic regression model (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.04–3.81, p = .039, 3rd tertile).ConclusionsIn particular in periodontitis patients, subgingival microbial burden contributes to endotoxemia. LPS is a possible molecular mediator between periodontitis and CAD.
Impact of excessive gingival display on oral health‐related quality of life in a Southern Brazilian young population
Authors: Antoniazzi Raquel P. , Fischer Luana de S. , Balbinot Carlos Eduardo A. , Antoniazzi Simone P. , Skupien Jovito A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo compare oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) between individuals with and without excessive gingival display (EGD).Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 53 individuals with EGD and 53 controls matched for sex and age. The outcome was OHRQoL, determined using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) and self‐perceptions of satisfaction with smile aesthetics. A clinical examination was conducted to evaluate the smile line, colour of the teeth, tooth wear and malocclusion. Poisson regression was used to model the association between excessive gingival display and OHRQoL.ResultsParticipants with EGD had higher total OHIP‐14 score (4.81 ± 4.76) in comparison with the controls (1.85 ± 3.77; p < .001). The percentage of satisfied with smile individuals without and with EGD was 78.9% and 21.1%, respectively (p = .005). In the multivariate analysis, total OHIP‐14 scores were 2.10‐fold higher individuals with EGD, independently of the other variables analysed. Impacts were evident on the functional limitation, psychological discomfort, psychological disability and social handicap.ConclusionsThe occurrence of EGD exerted a negative impact on OHRQoL independently of confounding variables in this specific population. The present findings justify the planning of treatment for individuals with EGD that impacts quality of life.
Association of salivary peroxidase activity and concentration with periodontal health: A validity study
Authors: Memarzadeh Zahedani Maral , Schwahn Christian , Baguhl Romy , Kocher Thomas , Below Harald , Welk Alexander 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimWhereas the relationship between myeloperoxidase and periodontitis has been widely examined that between salivary peroxidase and periodontitis has received little attention. We examined how periodontitis depends on both salivary peroxidase activity and concentration.Materials and MethodsA full mouth, clinical assessment of probing depth was performed in a sample of 46 participants aged 25–54 years. To minimise bias, these data were corrected by data from the general population (Study of Health in Pomerania). Using five repeated measurements of activity and concentration over 1 day, we assessed daily biological variability and increased the reliability of salivary peroxidase measurements.ResultsSalivary peroxidase activity was associated with probing depth (interquartile range effect = −0.48; robust estimates of 95% confidence interval: −0.90 to −0.31; p = .0052), and its effect was not confounded by salivary peroxidase concentration. In turn, the effect of salivary peroxidase concentration was confounded by salivary peroxidase activity, and it was smaller than that of activity.ConclusionsWe found an inverse association between salivary peroxidase activity and probing depth. Thus, our results imply that salivary peroxidase activity could be a protective factor against periodontitis. However, large, well‐designed studies are needed to explore the causal mechanisms of this association.
Fast‐acting insulin aspart in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes: Faster onset, higher early exposure and greater early glucose‐lowering effect relative to insulin aspart
Authors: Shiramoto Masanari , Nishida Tomoyuki , Hansen Ann Kathrine , Haahr Hanne 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionFast‐acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) is insulin aspart (IAsp) in a new formulation with two added excipients (niacinamide and L‐arginine) in order to obtain accelerated absorption after subcutaneous dosing. The present study compared the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics of faster aspart vs IAsp in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsIn a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over design, 43 participants were given faster aspart and IAsp (0.2 U/kg single dose) at two separate dosing visits. Frequent pharmacokinetic blood sampling was carried out, and pharmacodynamics were assessed using an automated euglycemic clamp lasting for a maximum of 12 h after dosing (target 5.5 mmol/L).ResultsFaster aspart showed onset of appearance approximately twice‐as‐fast vs IAsp (least squares means: 3.0 vs 7.1 min; estimated treatment difference −4.1 min, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.0, −3.2; P < 0.001) and onset of action occurring approximately 5 min earlier (20.2 vs 25.5 min; estimated treatment difference −5.3 min, 95% CI: −8.4, −2.2; P = 0.001). Within the first 30 min post‐dose, both exposure (area under the curve [AUC]IAsp,0–30 min) and glucose‐lowering effect (AUCGIR,0–30 min) were approximately twofold greater for faster aspart vs IAsp (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Bioavailability of faster aspart was similar to IAsp (AUCIAsp,0‐t; estimated treatment ratio 0.99, 90% CI: 0.96–1.02), whereas the total glucose‐lowering effect (AUCGIR,0–t) was slightly lower for faster aspart vs IAsp (estimated treatment ratio 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87–0.99, P = 0.020).ConclusionsFaster aspart showed faster onset, higher early exposure and a greater early glucose‐lowering effect relative to IAsp in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes, in accordance with previous findings in Caucasian type 1 diabetes patients.
Low glycated hemoglobin level is associated with severity of frailty in Japanese elderly diabetes patients
Authors: Yanagita Ikumi , Fujihara Yuya , Eda Terumi , Tajima Misuzu , Yonemura Kazue , Kawajiri Tomoko , Yamaguchi Noriko , Asakawa Hideko , Nei Yukiko , Kayashima Yumi , Yoshimoto Mihoko , Kitajima Yuichi , Harada Mayumi , Araki Yuhei , Yoshimoto Syoji , Aida Eiji , Yanase Toshihiko , Nawata Hajime , Muta Kazuo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionPreviously, a study using a narrowly defined (physical base) frailty scale reported that both good and bad (U‐shaped curve) glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were frailty risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, no such studies in Japan have shown this. We aimed to evaluate the frailty risk factors including HbA1c in elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a broadly defined (both physical and psychosocial base) frailty scale, the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS).Materials and MethodsWe randomly enrolled 132 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (aged ≥65 years) and categorized the patients into nine stages of frailty using CFS. Because no patient had CFS 9, patients with a CFS score of 1–4 and 5–8 were defined as non‐frail and frail, respectively. We attempted to identify the risk factors of frailty by investigating the association between CFS stage and various patient factors.ResultsMultiple regression analysis showed that an increase in age, low levels of albumin, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, total cholesterol, and bodyweight were statistically significant and strong independent risk factors for frailty, suggesting that reverse metabolism owing to malnutrition in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients might be involved.ConclusionsHbA1c level was not a U‐shaped risk for frailty, suggesting that relatively good glycemic control might be more important for frailty than poor control in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Monitoring methods for Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) on citrus groves with different insecticide application programmes
Authors: Miranda M. P. , dos Santos F. L. , Bassanezi R. B. , Montesino L. H. , Barbosa J. C. , Sétamou M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is a major citrus pest that transmits the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and Ca. L. americanus associated with huanglongbing (HLB) disease. Diaphorina citri population densities can affect the effectiveness of its monitoring and sampling methods. Thus, we compared different methods for adult D. citri monitoring in groves with and without insecticide application programmes. Four short‐term experiments were carried out, each one lasting four consecutive weeks. In these experiments, sticky cards with different colours (yellow, light green, green and dark green), sweep net, two suction device models, visual inspection and stem tap sampling were assessed. Two long‐term experiments were conducted for 4.5 and 5 years, in which only yellow sticky card and visual inspection for D. citri monitoring were assessed. For the short‐term experiments, psyllids were detected by all monitoring methods during all sampling periods in areas without chemical control. However, in areas with psyllid control via fortnightly and monthly applications of insecticides, only sticky cards, regardless of their colour, were able to detect the presence of D. citri. Similarly, for the long‐term experiments, yellow sticky cards were more effective than visual inspection for detecting and quantifying D. citri in all areas with or without insecticide application. Therefore, in areas where HLB is present and chemical control of psyllid is required, sticky cards are the most reliable option for monitoring D. citri.
Comparison of Tools for Quantifying the Environmental Performance of an Urban Territory
Authors: Dias Ana , Lemos Diogo , Gabarrell Xavier , Arroja Luis 
Published: May 2017

SummaryTo support effective urban policies aimed at decreasing the environmental impacts of cities, it is important to develop robust tools for accounting those impacts. Environmentally extended input‐output analysis (EEIOA) is among the most used tools for this purpose, allowing the quantification of both direct and indirect impacts. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is also a holistic and comprehensive tool that accounts for direct and indirect impacts—but its application to cities is still very recent. This study aims at applying EEIOA and LCA to the municipality of Aveiro (Portugal) in order to compare the outcomes of the two tools in terms of total impacts (climate change and fossil fuel depletion) and hotspots (sectors/products contributing most to the impacts), to identify limitations and advantages of the tools when applied to Aveiro, and to illustrate how LCA can be applied to cities. The total impacts estimated with LCA and EEIOA were similar and the hotspots were also the same: transports, food, construction, and electricity. However, the relative contribution of some sectors was very different in the two tools due to methodological differences mainly in system boundaries, type of activities or products considered in each sector, and geographical coverage of impact data. This study concludes that the analyzed tools can provide complementary results to support decision making concerning urban planning and management.
PINK1 regulates mitochondrial trafficking in dendrites of cortical neurons through mitochondrial PKA
Authors: Das Banerjee Tania , Dagda Raul Y. , Dagda Marisela , Chu Charleen T. , Rice Monica , Vazquez‐Mayorga Emmanuel , Dagda Ruben K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMitochondrial Protein Kinase A (PKA) and PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1), which is linked to Parkinson's disease, are two neuroprotective serine/threonine kinases that regulate dendrite remodeling and mitochondrial function. We have previously shown that PINK1 regulates dendrite morphology by enhancing PKA activity. Here, we show the molecular mechanisms by which PINK1 and PKA in the mitochondrion interact to regulate dendrite remodeling, mitochondrial morphology, content, and trafficking in dendrites. PINK1‐deficient cortical neurons exhibit impaired mitochondrial trafficking, reduced mitochondrial content, fragmented mitochondria, and a reduction in dendrite outgrowth compared to wild‐type neurons. Transient expression of wild‐type, but not a PKA‐binding‐deficient mutant of the PKA‐mitochondrial scaffold dual‐specificity A Kinase Anchoring Protein 1 (D‐AKAP1), restores mitochondrial trafficking, morphology, and content in dendrites of PINK1‐deficient cortical neurons suggesting that recruiting PKA to the mitochondrion reverses mitochondrial pathology in dendrites induced by loss of PINK1. Mechanistically, full‐length and cleaved forms of PINK1 increase the binding of the regulatory subunit β of PKA (PKA/RIIβ) to D‐AKAP1 to enhance the autocatalytic‐mediated phosphorylation of PKA/RIIβ and PKA activity. D‐AKAP1/PKA governs mitochondrial trafficking in dendrites via the Miro‐2/TRAK2 complex and by increasing the phosphorylation of Miro‐2. Our study identifies a new role of D‐AKAP1 in regulating mitochondrial trafficking through Miro‐2, and supports a model in which PINK1 and mitochondrial PKA participate in a similar neuroprotective signaling pathway to maintain dendrite connectivity.
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Factors influencing the quality of life of haemodialysis patients according to symptom cluster
Authors: Shim Hye Yeung , Cho Mi‐Kyoung 
Published: May 2017

Aims and objectivesTo identify the characteristics in each symptom cluster and factors influencing the quality of life of haemodialysis patients in Korea according to cluster.BackgroundDespite developments in renal replacement therapy, haemodialysis still restricts the activities of daily living due to pain and impairs physical functioning induced by the disease and its complications.DesignDescriptive survey. Two hundred and thirty dialysis patients aged >18 years. They completed self‐administered questionnaires of Dialysis Symptom Index and Kidney Disease Quality of Life instrument‐Short Form 1.3.MethodsTo determine the optimal number of clusters, the collected data were analysed using polytomous variable latent class analysis in R software (poLCA) to estimate the latent class models and the latent class regression models for polytomous outcome variables. Differences in characteristics, symptoms and QOL according to the symptom cluster of haemodialysis patients were analysed using the independent t test and chi‐square test. The factors influencing the QOL according to symptom cluster were identified using hierarchical multiple regression analysis.ResultsPhysical and emotional symptoms were significantly more severe, and the QOL was significantly worse in Cluster 1 than in Cluster 2. The factors influencing the QOL were spouse, job, insurance type and physical and emotional symptoms in Cluster 1, with these variables having an explanatory power of 60.9%. Physical and emotional symptoms were the only influencing factors in Cluster 2, and they had an explanatory power of 37.4%.ConclusionsMitigating the symptoms experienced by haemodialysis patients and improving their QOL require educational and therapeutic symptom management interventions that are tailored according to the characteristics and symptoms in each cluster.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of this study are expected to lead to practical guidelines for addressing the symptoms experienced by haemodialysis patients, and they provide basic information for developing nursing interventions to manage these symptoms and improve the QOL of these patients.
Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on neuroplasticity in corticomotor pathways of the tongue muscles
Authors: Kothari M. , Stubbs P. W. , Figlewski K. , Pedersen A. R. , Jensen J. , Baad‐Hansen L. , Svensson P. , Nielsen J. F. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study is to investigate effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on neuroplasticity in corticomotor pathways related to tongue muscles evoked by a training task using the tongue drive system (TDS). Using a crossover design, 13 healthy participants completed two sessions of tDCS while performing 30 min of TDS training. Sessions were spaced at least 2 weeks apart and participants randomly received anodal and sham tDCS stimulation in the first session and the other condition in the second session. Single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the tongue at three time‐points: before, immediately after and 30 min after training. Participant‐based reports of fun, pain, fatigue and motivation, level of difficulty and effort were evaluated on numerical rating scales. There was no consistent significant effect of anodal and sham stimulation on single or paired pulse stimulation MEP amplitude immediately or 30 min after TDS training. Irrespective of tDCS type, training with TDS induced cortical plasticity in terms of increased MEP amplitudes for higher stimulus intensities after 30 min compared with before and immediately after training. Participant‐based reports revealed no significant difference between tDCS conditions for level of fun, fatigue, motivation, difficulty and level of effort but a significant increase in pain in the anodal condition, although pain level was low for both conditions. In conclusion, tongue MEP amplitudes appear to be sensitive to training with the tongue using TDS; however, anodal tDCS does not have an impact on training‐evoked neuroplasticity of tongue corticomotor pathways.
Concomitant screening for liver fibrosis and steatosis in French type 2 diabetic patients using Fibroscan
Authors: Roulot Dominique , Roudot‐Thoraval Françoise , NKontchou Gisele , Kouacou Narcisse , Costes Jean‐Luc , Elourimi Ghassan , Le Clesiau Hervé , Ziol Marianne , Beaugrand Michel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes is a risk factor for steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Non‐invasive liver stiffness (LS) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measurements by Fibroscan allow assessing liver fat and fibrosis.AimTo determine the prevalence of steatosis and significant fibrosis in a community‐based diabetic population.MethodsLS and CAP were measured in 705 patients using the standard “M probe.” A second “XL probe” was used, without CAP measurement, in case of failure with the “M probe.”ResultsLS and CAP measurements were obtained in 437 patients (the M group), LS measurements (LSM) with the XL probe being available in additional 232 patients. After the combined use of both probes, LSM failure and unreliable result were 1.6% and 5.6% respectively. Overall, 12.7% (n=85), 7.3% and 2.1% exhibited significant or advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis (LSM≥8 kPa, ≥9.6 kPa, ≥13 kPa respectively), half of the patients with LSM≥8 kPa displayed normal liver tests. Significant and severe steatosis were measured in 75% and 24% of the M group patients. By multivariate analysis, factors associated with severe fibrosis were age, overweight, high GGT. Forty‐seven patients with LSM≥8 kPa underwent liver biopsy; 93% had steatosis and 51% severe fibrosis. A significant correlation was found between LSM values and fibrosis score with an accuracy rate of 83%, 68% and 83% for LSM≥8 kPa, ≥9.6 kPa and ≥13 kPa respectively.ConclusionsThe prevalence of significant steatosis is very high and significant fibrosis affect 12.7% of the patients. Fibroscan is an effective procedure to screen for fibrosis and steatosis in diabetic patients.
From song dialects to speciation in white‐crowned sparrows
Authors: Toews David P. L. 
Published: May 2017

The behavioural signals used in mate selection are a key component in the evolution of premating isolating barriers and, subsequently, the formation of new species. The importance of mating signals has a long tradition of study in songbirds, where many species differ in their song characteristics. In oscine songbirds, individual birds usually learn their songs from a tutor. Mistakes during learning can help generate geographic dialects, akin to those within human language groups. In songbirds, dialect differences can often be substantial and there is an intuitive connection between the evolution of song amongst populations at a small scale, and the more substantive song differences between bird species and presumably used in species recognition. However, studies investigating the concordance between putative genetic and behavioural boundaries have generated mixed results. In many cases, this is possibly a function of the poor resolving power of the genetic markers employed. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Lipshutz et al. () combine genomic markers with a robust behavioural assay to address the importance of song variation amongst white‐crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) subspecies.
A novel streptococcal cell–cell communication peptide promotes pneumococcal virulence and biofilm formation
Authors: Cuevas Rolando A. , Eutsey Rory , Kadam Anagha , West‐Roberts Jacob A. , Woolford Carol A. , Mitchell Aaron P. , Mason Kevin M. , Hiller N. Luisa 
Published: May 2017

SummaryStreptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a major human pathogen. It is a common colonizer of the human respiratory track, where it utilizes cell–cell communication systems to coordinate population‐level behaviors. We reasoned that secreted peptides that are highly expressed during infection are pivotal for virulence. Thus, we used in silico pattern searches to define a pneumococcal secretome and analyzed the transcriptome of the clinically important PMEN1 lineage to identify which peptide‐encoding genes are highly expressed in vivo. In this study, we characterized virulence peptide 1 (vp1), a highly expressed Gly–Gly peptide‐encoding gene in chinchilla middle ear effusions. The vp1 gene is widely distributed across pneumococcus as well as encoded in related species. Studies in the chinchilla model of middle ear infection demonstrated that VP1 is a virulence determinant. The vp1 gene is positively regulated by a transcription factor from the Rgg family and its cognate SHP (short hydrophobic peptide). In vitro data indicated that VP1 promotes increased thickness and biomass for biofilms grown on chinchilla middle ear epithelial cells. Furthermore, the wild‐type biofilm is restored with the exogenous addition of synthetic VP1. We conclude that VP1 is a novel streptococcal regulatory peptide that controls biofilm development and pneumococcal pathogenesis.