bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic Activity of Bioactve Compounds from Hydroid Aglophenia cupressina Lamoureoux against Hela Tumor Cells
Authors: Sjafaraenan Sjafaraenan , Johannes Eva , Herwin Herwin 
Published: October 2024

Hydroids are marine invertebrates living on sponges, which belong to the phylum Coelenterata. They also contain several chemical compounds, including alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, and histamine, which can be used as medicinal raw materials, such as antimicrobials and anticancer. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the working mechanism of active compounds obtained from the extract and the fraction of Hydroid Aglaophenia cupressina Lamoureoux against Hela ttumor cell line, as a solvent used n-hexane. The cytotoxic activity was carried out by using MTT method. The results showed both extract and fraction activities against Hela tumor cells. They were also categorized as moderate cytotoxic activity based on the IC50 values of the extract and fraction, namely 0.31726 µg/mL and 0.32712 µg/mL, respectively.
Cost-effective phytohormone extraction of Sargassum swartzii from the Persian Gulf using Magnetic Ionic Liquid
Authors: Rajabiyan Ali , Ahmady Amanollah Zarei , Izadi Mohammad , Kardani Fatemeh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Algae extracts are applicable as biofertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers in agriculture. Algae have a high content of plant hormones such as Gibberellin, Salicylic acid, Abscisic Acid, and Brassinosteroids are available in algae.
Objective
The main objective of this study is to increase the extraction yield and simultaneously extraction of hormones required for plant growth from Sargassum swartzii using Magnetic recoverable ionic liquid (IL).
Methods
Extraction is done by acidic digestion with acetic acid and then alkaline digestion with potassium hydroxide.
Results
The results showed the ionic liquid effect in extraction yield by 266 percent. The extracted phytohormones were analyzed by HPLC methods. High level of Gibberellin, Salicylic acid, Abscisic Acid and Brassinosteroids in improved algae extraction shows seaweed extract could be used as environmentally friendly liquid bio fertilizers to replace chemical fertilizers and could play a crucial role in organic farming on the way to sustainable agriculture. Recoverability of ionic liquid for eight times with negligible leaching make introduced procedure cost effective.
Conclusion
The reported procedure for algae extraction improved by using an acidic/primary ionic liquid environment. This procedure is economic because of the simply reusability of ionic liquid due to its magnetic features.
Eco-friendly larvicidal agent from combined plant extracts encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles to combat dengue mosquitoes
Authors: Jayasinghe susanthi , Nawarathne Madhawa P , De Silva Priyanka 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Considering reduced environmental impact and high specificity in targeting vector organisms, the use of plant-based insecticides for dengue mosquito control is crucial in dengue disease management. We investigated the larvicidal efficacy of hot water, cold water, and water-acetone extracts of combined plant extracts of Capsicum frutescens (Naimiris) and Allium sativum (Garlic) against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus larvae. The plant extract encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles were also assessed for larvicidal potential. Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized via the ionic gelation method, employing an optimized formulation comprising 2.5% chitosan and 1.5% sodium tripolyphosphate, with stirring at 1500 rpm. The most effective plant extract was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles, subsequently packaged into commercially viable sachets. The water-acetone extract showed the highest larval mortality, resulting the lowest LD50 values (2051.01 and 1097.69 mg L-1 after 24 and 48 hours of exposure, respectively), while showing the significant synergistic activity (CI < 1). Nanoparticle characterization was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, revealing a nanoparticle diameter ranging from 350 to 450 nm. Approximately 96.10 ± 2.77% of combined plant mixture's water-acetone extract was successfully encapsulated within nanoparticles, with 90% of encapsulated plant extract released into the medium over a 14-day period. Semi-permeable sachet packets containing 6 g of encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles showed strong larvicidal activity for 10 days, with shelf life up to six months. These findings suggest that chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating a combination of Capsicum frutescens and Allium sativum extracts hold promise as eco-friendly larvicides against dengue vectors.
Elucidating the impacts of municipal and industrial organic waste components on the kinetics and potentials of biomethane production via anaerobic digestion
Authors: Qiu Yaojing , Lower Lillian , Berrio Vanessa Rondon , Cunniffe Julia , Kolar Praveen , Cheng Jay , Sagues William Joe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Extensive biomass characterization, biomethane potential reactions, and kinetic modeling was performed on a variety of municipal and industrial organic wastes to elucidate the effects of individual biomass components on the kinetics and total production of biomethane via mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Municipal solid waste with high cellulose, lipid, and starch contents achieved the highest cumulative methane production of 526 mL/g-VS, but had the longest lag phase due to the high lignin content. Vinassse residue from industrial ethanol production exhibited the lowest cumulative methane production of 302 mL/g-VS, likely due to the low cellulose and lipid contents as well as the high percentage of impurities including potassium. Despite having the 3rd highest volatile solids, Vinasse had the lowest total methane production. The two feedstocks with the lowest ash contents had the highest cumulative methane productions, highlighting the potential importance of ash in methane productivity. Kinetic modeling revealed that the Modified Logistic model best fit methane production from the municipal solid waste materials, which exhibited lag phases. The First-order and Modified Gompertz models best fit the industrial waste materials, which exhibited minimal lag phases. Overall, the Modified Gompertz was found to be the most powerful kinetic model for a variety of feedstock compositions.
Engineered Oxygen Vacancies in NiCo2O4/BiOI Heterostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic Pollutant Degradation
Authors: Thirugnanam Bavani , Mani Preeyanghaa , Almutairi Bader O. , Sathishkumar Kuppusamy , Settu Munusamy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

To address the bottleneck issue of poor carrier separation and transfer efficiency in NiCo2O4 photocatalyst, a novel 1D/2D-rod on rose like NiCO2O4/BiOI nanohybrid with abundant OV’s was successfully synthesized using a single step hydrothermal method and employed to the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The study revealed that the optimized NiCo2O4-OV/BiOI hybrid could possess superior photocatalytic degradation efficiency towards RhB degradation under visible light with rate constant that was 3.8 and 3.03 times greater than that of BiOI and NiCo2O4-OV. Experimental findings indicated that the formation NiCo2CO4-OV/BiOI heterojunction significantly improved the charge separation efficiency and facilitated the formation of surface OV’s. These OV’s enhanced photogenerated e--h+ separation and increased catalytic efficiency. Quenching experiments results confirmed that both holes and superoxide radicals are playing crucial roles in the degradation process. Thus, an oxygen vacancy and engineering NiCo2CO4-OV/BiOI heterojunction enhanced degradation mechanism was proposed, offering insights for the integration of advanced oxidation technologies and the development of catalytic materials to enhance pollutant degradation efficiency.
Zonation of aquatic plant communities along the flooding gradient in subtropical wetlands
Authors: Silveira Francieli Peter da , Silveira Filipe Ferreira da , Porto Ana Boeira , Saraiva Daniel Dutra , Overbeck Gerhard Ernst , Moço Maria Cecília de Chiara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aquatic plants play a crucial role in wetlands, and understanding distribution patterns and species composition can be valuable for several purposes. Here, we assessed aquatic plant distribution along a flooding gradient in the transition region between terrestrial and aquatic environments within a wetland complex. We investigated the presence of distinct zones in terms of species richness, composition (beta diversity), and life forms. We established transects along the shoreline, and defined three zones along each transect: floodable zone (zone 1), water-land interface zone (zone 2), and water body zone (zone 3). Clear zonation patterns were identified, due to occurrences restricted to portions of the gradient and significant variations in the coverage of species and life forms. The gradient displayed high beta diversity, with zones 1 and 3 differing significantly in species composition. Turnover explained the observed variation, associated with environmental filtering and interspecific interactions. There was no significant decrease in richness with increasing water depth. Amphibious plants dominated along the gradient. Our study highlights that the life forms inhabiting wetlands represent an adaptive continuum, ranging from plants that tolerate transitory submergence to those entirely limited to the aquatic environment. Understanding species distribution patterns is crucial for delineating wetland boundaries and gaining valuable insights into wetland conservation and restoration, particularly in light of escalating threats and the impacts of climate change.
An approach for studying the direct effect of shock waves on neuronal cell structure and function.
Authors: Hanna Michael , Pfister Bryan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Recent U.S. military conflicts have underscored the knowledge-gap regarding blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). In vitro models of TBI, have the advantage of following the neuronal response to biomechanical perturbations in real-time that can be exceedingly difficult in animal models. Here we sought to develop an in vitro approach with controlled blast biomechanics to study the direct effects of the primary shock wave at the neuronal level. An in-vitro blast injury apparatus that simulates human anatomy was developed. Primary neuronal cells from Sprague-Dawley rat embryos were cultured inside the apparatus. On day 10 in vitro the neuronal cultures were exposed to 70 kPa peak blast overpressure using helium gas in a blast tube. Incident pressure as well as apparatus pressure were measured. 24hrs post injury cell viability was measured. We were able to successfully blast injured cells without detaching them and caused a significant change in viability from a single blast. The Model also allowed adjustable level of bTBI based on the cover thickness which is an added value not present in other bTBI models. Results also stress the importance of pressure wave frequency as a significant factor for cell viability in bTBI. For the same peak pressure cell can survive low frequency wave even if they have higher amplitude.
Influence of Traditionality and Modernity on Public Breastfeeding Behaviors: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach
Authors: Cheng Lin , Wu Wen-Chi , Hu Yihjin Jin , Cheng Chih Chien 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Interview-based research shows that mothers with conservative personalities are less likely to breastfeed in public. Few studies considered the effect of traditionality and modernity on public breastfeeding simultaneously. This study used quantitative data to explore the relationship between mothers' traditional and modern personalities and their public breastfeeding behaviors. The research examines how traditionality and modernity impact public breastfeeding among Taiwanese mothers, adopting the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the framework.
Method
Data collected via an online survey system included 358 Taiwanese mothers with breastfeeding experience. Path analysis was employed to investigate traditionality and modernity's direct and indirect effects on public breastfeeding behaviors and TPB constructs.
Results
The results indicated that traditionality negatively affects attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions regarding public breastfeeding, leading to lower public breastfeeding frequency. Conversely, modernity positively influences these factors, enhancing public breastfeeding behaviors.
Conclusions
The study underscores the need for culturally tailored public health interventions to promote breastfeeding. The findings highlight the importance of considering psychological and cultural factors in breastfeeding promotion policies.
Combined action of salicylic acid and silicon regulates osmoregulatory substances and antioxidant enzymes to improve drought tolerance and yield in dry-cultivated rice
Authors: Wang Guan , Wang Yi , Liu Qianqian , Shen Xinru , Sun Anran , Jiang Hao , Ma Xintong , Wei Xiaoshuang , Yang Meiying , Wu Zhihai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Salicylic acid (SA) and silicon (Si) protect against a variety of stresses. Our group found that Si improved the drought tolerance of dry-cultivated rice. No studies are available regarding the synergistic effect of aboveground SA spraying and belowground Si application on the drought tolerance and yield of dry-cultivated rice, necessitating further research. Two rice types with different levels of drought resistance (Suijing18 and Hongke88) were selected for this study. The optimal SA concentration (1 mM/L) was determined via five different SA spraying treatments at various concentrations. Then SA and Si were combined, which included a Control, 45 kg/hm2 Si, 1 mM SA, and 1 mM SA + 45 kg/hm2 Si to examine their synergistic effect on the morphological characteristics, yield, osmotic regulatory substances, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidant enzymes of two different drought-resistant rice cultivars. The results showed that combined SA + Si application increased the plant height, root length, aboveground dry weight, and belowground dry weight of these two drought-resistant rice types. The yield of which increased by 80.70% and 77.26%, respectively. Compared with the control, while the photosynthetic capacity improved significantly, the minimum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) values increased by 30.97% and 19.17%, while the photochemical quantum yield (ΦPSII) values were 29.01% and 29.64% higher, the NPQ values decreased by 67.55% and 39.98%, respectively. Moreover, treatment increased the soluble sugar and soluble protein levels, osmoregulatory capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and increased endogenous SA + Si content in the two dry-cultivated rice species. Hence, the combined application of SA and Si improves the drought resistance of dry-cultivated rice by increasing the content of osmoregulatory substances, enhancing the levels of endogenous SA and Si, upregulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and strengthening the photosynthetic capacity of the PSII system. This results in improved drought-resistant capability and increase of the accumulation of dry matter and yield of dry-cultivated rice, which produces a more significant alleviation of the adverse effects of drought stress compared to the application of either substance alone.
Identifying Discriminative Codons in Brain Data using Class-Discernment Maps: Pearls in Hand without
Exploring the Sea
Authors: Shaeri MohammadAli , Shoaran Mahsa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Conventional neural correlates are useful in brain studies but often fall short in capturing discriminative information related to stimuli or action classes, particularly in multi-class scenarios. Here, we introduce truly ‘discriminative codons’ as features that markedly differentiate neural activity classes. This definition allows us to create an efficient framework for visualizing discriminative information through ‘class-discernment maps’. Our framework generates deterministic codons with straightforward interpretations provided by closed-form class saliency expressions, thereby eliminating the need for laborious hyperparameter tuning and iterative model optimization typically required by deep learning models. Class saliency effectively captures both unilateral and bilateral discrimination while being insensitive to distant confounders, outperforming Pearson correlation, mutual information, and Fisher’s discriminant ratio in extracting various discriminative data structures. By effectively analyzing these codons, we quantitatively investigated temporal resolution, sparsity, and similarities in neural encoding. We further employed the proposed model to decode movement intentions from intracortical and electrocortical activities in distinct tasks, achieving state-of-the-art decoding accuracies of 94% and 82% on the handwriting and finger movement tasks, respectively. Our approach offers in-depth data analysis and accurate predictions, bridging the gap between interpretability and decodability in modern neuroscience research.
Soil Microbial Community Shifts in Rhizosphere and Original Soils during Two and Three Years of Ginseng Cultivation
Authors: Yang Deqiang , Xu Zhipeng , Yuan Wenhui , Liu Yunwei , Li Xiangquan , Wang Yanyan , Wang Zhibin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Soil microbial communities play a key role in maintaining ecosystem functions; however, little is known about the specific changes in microbial communities in the Rhizosphere soil and Original soil of ginseng under different years of cultivation. We utilized Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology to investigate the differential effects of years of ginseng cultivation on the microbial communities in Rhizosphere Soil and Original soil. The physicochemical properties of the soil were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the alpha-diversity of soil microorganisms showed a significant trend in both in Rhizosphere Soil and Original soil with the years of ginseng cultivation. Through NMDS analysis, we further found significant differences in soil microbial community composition between Rhizosphere Soil and Original soil. In order to visualize these differences, the top-ranked soil bacterial and fungal genera in Rhizosphere Soil and Original soil at different cropping years were depicted with the help of stacking diagrams. Soil bacteria and fungi in Rhizosphere Soil and Original soil were differentially analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. The complex relationship between soil physicochemical properties and different bacterial and fungal genera was deeply explored by correlation heatmap, RDA redundancy analysis and Mantel analysis. Therefore, this study not only sheds light on the specific effects of ginseng planting years on soil microbial communities in rhizosphere soils and primary soils, but also provides new scientific perspectives for further understanding the role of soil microbial communities in ecosystems.
Extracorporeal shock waves effectively suppressed the proliferation and growth of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Ran Chun , Song Qingzhi , Lv Guoqing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Shock waves are widely used to treat various diseases and are garnering further attention for medical applications. Growing evidence suggests that the application of extracorporeal shock waves (ESV) could substantially inhibit tumor growth. However, the therapeutic efficacy of ESV in colorectal cancer and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Using colorectal cancer cell lines HT29 and SW620, we generated xenograft mouse models, and examined the therapeutic effect of a stepwise increase in ESV energy on tumor growth. In vivo, the application of 60 mJ ESV significantly delayed xenograft growth compared with 120 and 240 mJ ESV, with no impact on body weight or hepatic and renal function. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 60 mJ ESV suppressed colorectal cancer cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and ferroptosis; these findings were further confirmed by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. Mechanistically, ESV suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and ferroptosis by activating the p53 signaling pathway, as evidenced in vitro study. In conclusion, we revealed that 60 mJ ESV could substantially inhibit colorectal cancer growth by activating p53 pathway-related proliferation inhibition and cell death. These findings suggest that ESV therapy could be a promising therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer.
Exploring the distribution patterns of thermal springsin the Jiaodong Peninsula
Authors: YUAN Xingfang , YANG Mingshuang , Li Hengmeng , LIU Luyong , ZHONG Zhennan , Shen Aodi , Xu Hailong , Zhan Rongrong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Jiaodong Peninsula possesses abundant medium and low temperature geothermal resources. Extensive exploration and comprehensive research conducted by previous researchers on Jiaodong thermal springs have yielded numerous significant insights. Improved upon previous research findings, this study examines the geological conditions and hydrochemical characteristics of four thermal springs located near the Yanggezhuang Fault, revealing that these springs share a common genetic mechanism controlled by the same fault. Furthermore, it introduces an innovative concept that Jiaodong thermal springs are predominantly distributed in a " bead-like " pattern near the NE fault structure. This discovery is expected to provide a theoretical foundation for future exploration and development of middle and low temperature geothermal resources.
Study on the kinetics of tomato storage quality under water and fertilizer coupling
Authors: Yang Yanchao , Tan Zhanming , Cheng Yunxia , Yang Liyu , He Tao , Liang Shuang , Wang Yongming , Ma Xing , Song Yinqiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In order to make full use of the yellow sand resources in Xinjiang, China, under the mixed substrate cultivation mode with the volume ratio of yellow sand to slag of 5:3, in order to improve the yield and storage quality of tomato, provide optimized water and fertilizer management scheme, and explore the dynamic changes of water and fertilizer coupling on the quality of Tomato during storage, a dynamic model of tomato fruit quality under 4 ℃ storage was established.The tomato variety 'Qinshulingyue' was used as the experimental material. Irrigation amount, nitrogen application amount, phosphorus application amount, and potassium application amount were considered as factors, and a half of the four-element quadratic general rotary combination design (20 treatments) was employed. The tomato fruits were stored at 4°C for 28 days, with samples collected every 7 days to assess the quality of the fruits and analyze the effect of water and fertilizer coupling on tomato storage quality. Pearson correlation analysis and a combined evaluation method were used to comprehensively evaluate the indicators, and a response model was constructed to establish the relationship between the comprehensive score of tomatoes and the four factor levels.The results indicated that the reasonable ratio of water and fertilizer could enhance the quality of tomatoes, while excessive or inadequate water and fertilizer parameters could reduce the fruit quality. The changes in tomato hardness, soluble sugar, lycopene, and vitamin C content during storage were consistent with the first-order kinetic equation. Through a comprehensive analysis of tomato quality index (TQI), an irrigation amount of 602 mm/hm2, nitrogen application rate of 570 kg/hm2, phosphorus application rate of 70 kg/hm2, and potassium application rate of 738 kg/hm2 under water and fertilizer coupling could effectively improve the fruit quality of stored tomatoes, and the equation fitting degree and storage resistance were also satisfactory.