bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Examination of the Divergence between Managers’ and Analysts’ Earnings Forecasts
Authors: Das Somnath , Kim Kyonghee , Patro Sukesh 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe study circumstances when analysts’ forecasts diverge from managers’ forecasts after management guidance, and the consequences of this divergence for investors and analysts. Our results show that investors’ return response to earnings surprises based on analyst forecasts is significantly weaker when analyst and management forecasts diverge, and that this attenuating effect is stronger when the management forecast is more credible. When the divergent management forecast is more accurate than the analyst consensus forecast, the subsequent‐quarter analyst consensus forecast is significantly more accurate than that of the current quarter, and exhibits less serial correlation. Overall, our findings suggest that, when analyst and management forecasts diverge, investors find the two sources to contain complementary information, and analysts learn to improve their subsequent forecasts.
Political Identity, Type of Victim, and Hate Crime‐Related Beliefs as Predictors of Views Concerning Hate Crime Penalty Enhancement Laws
Authors: Cramer Robert J. , Laxton Kelsey L. , Chandler Joseph F. , Kehn Andre , Bate Brittany P. , Clark John W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLittle empirical work exists examining predictors of support or opposition of hate crime penalty enhancement laws despite such laws remaining a socially and politically contentious issue. Grounded in legal and philosophical arguments concerning hate crime laws, we tested political identity, victim minority status, and hate crime‐related beliefs as predictors of perceptions concerning penalty enhancement laws for bias‐motivated crime. Jury‐eligible Texas community members (n = 382) participating in a community survey of social and legal attitudes took part in the present study. Participants read a vignette of a hate‐motivated homicide that varied victim type (African American, gay, transgender) and answered questions regarding demographics, political identity, and hate crime penalty enhancement support. Qualitatively coded hate crime‐related beliefs yielded the following categories: legal arguments, moral statements, victim‐related beliefs, offender‐related beliefs, and an “other” category. Political identity, legal arguments, victim‐related and offender‐related beliefs all predicted views of penalty enhancement laws in logistic regression analyses. Exploratory mediation tests identified two pathways: (1) political conservatism–legal arguments–penalty enhancement opposition, and (2) political liberalism–offender beliefs–penalty enhancement support. Implications concerning social justice, public policy, trial consultation practice, and future research are discussed.
Teacher spatial skills are linked to differences in geometry instruction
Authors: Otumfuor Beryl Ann , Carr Martha 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundSpatial skills have been linked to better performance in mathematics.AimThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between teacher spatial skills and their instruction, including teacher content and pedagogical knowledge, use of pictorial representations, and use of gestures during geometry instruction.SampleFifty‐six middle school teachers participated in the study.MethodsThe teachers were administered spatial measures of mental rotations and spatial visualization. Next, a single geometry class was videotaped.ResultCorrelational analyses revealed that spatial skills significantly correlate with teacher's use of representational gestures and content and pedagogical knowledge during instruction of geometry. Spatial skills did not independently correlate with the use of pointing gestures or the use of pictorial representations. However, an interaction term between spatial skills and content and pedagogical knowledge did correlate significantly with the use of pictorial representations. Teacher experience as measured by the number of years of teaching and highest degree did not appear to affect the relationships among the variables with the exception of the relationship between spatial skills and teacher content and pedagogical knowledge.ConclusionTeachers with better spatial skills are also likely to use representational gestures and to show better content and pedagogical knowledge during instruction. Spatial skills predict pictorial representation use only as a function of content and pedagogical knowledge.
Human Factors in Streaming Data Analysis: Challenges and Opportunities for Information Visualization
Authors: Dasgupta Aritra , Arendt Dustin L. , Franklin Lyndsey R. , Wong Pak Chung , Cook Kristin A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractReal‐world systems change continuously. In domains such as traffic monitoring or cyber security, such changes occur within short time scales. This results in a streaming data problem and leads to unique challenges for the human in the loop, as analysts have to ingest and make sense of dynamic patterns in real time. While visualizations are being increasingly used by analysts to derive insights from streaming data, we lack a thorough characterization of the human‐centred design problems and a critical analysis of the state‐of‐the‐art solutions that exist for addressing these problems. In this paper, our goal is to fill this gap by studying how the state of the art in streaming data visualization handles the challenges and reflect on the gaps and opportunities. To this end, we have three contributions in this paper: (i) problem characterization for identifying domain‐specific goals and challenges for handling streaming data, (ii) a survey and analysis of the state of the art in streaming data visualization research with a focus on how visualization design meets challenges specific to change perception and (iii) reflections on the design trade‐offs, and an outline of potential research directions for addressing the gaps in the state of the art.
OPTIMAL EMPLOYEE OWNERSHIP CONTRACTS UNDER AMBIGUITY AVERSION
Authors: Aubert Nicolas , Ben Ameur Hachmi , Garnotel Guillaume , Prigent Jean‐Luc 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to compute and describe the conditions of an optimal employee ownership contract between an employer and an ambiguity‐averse employee. We then introduce ambiguity aversion in the baseline model of Aubert et al. (2014) using the multiple prior preferences of Gilboa and Schmeidler (1989) and its extension proposed by Maccheroni et al. (2006). This model offers solutions that reconcile labor and financial economics and behavioral economics research findings on employee ownership. The paper focuses on the most common situation where employee ownership has a positive impact on corporate performance, but can also be used as an entrenchment mechanism. We determine the optimal company stock contribution, which corresponds to a perfect subgame Nash equilibrium in the ambiguity framework. Using the framework of Gilboa and Schmeidler (1989), we show that the optimal ownership contract is increasing with respect to the lower bound of the return expectation in the case of a high level of effort, and decreasing with respect to the upper bound of the return expectation in the case of a low level of effort. In the framework of Maccheroni et al. (2006), we prove that if aversion to ambiguity is sufficiently high, then we find the same behavior as in the case of no ambiguity. (JEL G11, G32, G34, J33)
Pulmonary embolism as a complication after abdominal surgery and colitis in a foal
Authors: Edwards R. A. , Frellstedt L. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis report describes a fatal pulmonary embolism in a foal, as a sequela of septic thrombophlebitis of the right jugular vein and/or a generalised hypercoagulable state. The foal underwent abdominal surgery and suffered from severe and prolonged colitis. Despite intense supportive care, the colt developed venous thrombophlebitis and subsequently died suddenly 12 days after discharge from the hospital, following an initial improvement. On post‐mortem examination, a large pulmonary embolism was discovered. Pulmonary thromboembolism is a potentially fatal sequelae of thrombus formation. It is difficult to detect and therefore likely to be underdiagnosed.
Fremanezumab as Add‐On Treatment for Patients Treated With Other Migraine Preventive Medicines
Authors: Cohen Joshua M. , Dodick David W. , Yang Ronghua , Newman Lawrence C. , Li Thomas , Aycardi Ernesto , Bigal Marcelo E. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundFremanezumab (formerly TEV‐48125) is a monoclonal antibody directed against calcitonin‐gene‐related peptide (CGRP), a validated target for migraine preventive therapy. In two previous phase 2 studies, fremanezumab administered once every 28 days for 12 weeks was found to be effective and safe as a preventive treatment for patients suffering from episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM).ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of fremanezumab as an add‐on preventive therapy in individuals with EM and CM who are on stable doses of preventive migraine medications.MethodsTwo randomized placebo‐controlled studies tested once‐monthly subcutaneous injections of various dosing regimens of fremanezumab versus placebo in EM and CM. Headache information was captured daily using an electronic headache diary. For these post hoc analyses, data were pooled from patients who were on stable preventive medications and taking fremanezumab doses of 225 mg or 675/225 mg, or placebo.ResultsThe sample consisted of 133 patients, (67 fremanezumab and 66 placebo). Total reduction in migraine days for the duration of the study was 12.4 for fremanezumab and 7.4 for placebo (P = .0321). There were also decreases in moderate/severe headache days (12.5 vs 7.1, P = .0058), and days using acute medication for headaches relative to placebo (11.6 vs 7.5, P = .0414). Treatment emergent adverse events were generally mild and transient, and no serious adverse events were considered to be treatment‐related by the site investigators.ConclusionsThe findings from these post hoc analyses suggest that fremanezumab is a safe and effective add‐on treatment for migraine patients being concomitantly treated with other migraine preventive medications. Trials are registered at Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02025556 and NCT02021773.
BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
Authors: GANDEVIA BRYAN , COWLING D. C. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryFrom patients with chronic bronchitis, either in a small series studied for over a year or in a consecutive series of hospital patients, the common potential pathogens isolated from the sputum were Hæmophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniæ and Escherichia coli.Among 17 patients, from whose sputum 282 cultures were made over a period of 16 months, three were found whose sputum grew E. coli as the only likely pathogen, and in two others this organism was isolated with notable consistency.The frequency with which E. coli was found in this study is not solely attributable to previous antibiotic therapy, although influenced by it, and it is considered a significant pathogen in some patients with chronic bronchitis.It is possible that a variety of organisms usually considered non‐pathogenic may play a part in infecting a mucous membrane already damaged by other agents, such as smoking and atmospheric pollution, and that the less susceptible organisms may assume greater significance after the administration of antibiotics.
THE EFFECT OF ENZYMIC DIGESTION OF FOODS ON THE LIBERATION OF IRON
Authors: SANFORD RONA 
Published: September 2017

SummaryRaw and cooked liver and cooked blood were submitted in vitro to various enzymic digestions, and the amounts of ferrous and total iron released by the treatments were estimated colorimetrically. The action of trypsin alone on cooked blood made available only one‐third as much iron as did peptic digestion. Tryptic digestion following peptic digestion did not liberate any further iron than had already been released by peptic digestion alone.All enzymic digestions performed on cooked liver liberated the same amounts of iron, but the quantity released was less than that obtained from the raw materials by the action of acid and pepsin.In all treatments the bulk of the iron liberated was in the ferrous state.
HOLMES‐ADIE SYNDROME WITH PROGRESSIVE AUTONOMIC DEGENERATION
Authors: BONNIN MARK , SKINNER S. L. , WHELAN R. F. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA case is described of coexisting autonomic degeneration and Holmes‐Adie syndrome. Physiological investigations suggest that both conditions are due to post‐ganglionic degeneration of the autonomic nervous system. A common pathogenesis is postulated.
FAMILIAL ENDOCRINE ADENOMATOSIS WITH ULCEROGENIC TUMOUR OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: SAINT E. G. , FINLAY-JONES R. , STEWART H. H. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA further instance of the syndrome of familial multiple endocrine adenomatosis is described, an unusual feature being the occurrence in two generations of the less common non‐beta‐cell adenoma of the pancreatic islets, causing in the daughter typical clinical manifestations of the Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome—primary jejunal ulceration and recurrent marginal ulceration, requiring total gastrectomy and pancreatectomy. This patient has also a pituitary tumour, the evidence pointing to a chromophobe adenoma, and may possibly have parathyroid hyperplasia or adenoma. The father of the patient was shown at autopsy to have parathyroid adenomas, a pituitary chromophobe adenoma, adrenal cortical hyperplasia and a pancreatic islet‐cell adenoma morphologically resembling most closely that seen in his surviving issue.
A comprehensive study on compositional and structural changes in 45S5 bioglass products exposed to simulated body fluid
Authors: Montinaro Selena , Desogus Luca , Orrù Roberto , Garroni Sebastiano , Delogu Francesco , Ricci Pier Carlo , Cao Giacomo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe interaction of fully dense 45S5‐bioglass derived samples produced by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) with simulated body fluid (SBF) solution was investigated in detail taking advantage of the Rietveld refinement method to quantitatively evidence the corresponding microstructural and compositional changes. It is observed that, when the original amorphous nature is mostly (75 wt%) preserved in the material during sintering (550°C, 2 minutes), the resulting specimens dissolve faster and determine relatively higher pH increase and ions release in the SBF solution. Correspondingly, a relatively lower amount of hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) is formed on their surface. In contrast, a more extensive apatite layer with trabecular structure is generated within 3 days storage on the surface of fully crystallized samples obtained at 600°C by SPS, which only consists of Na–Ca silicate grains (20 nm). Moreover, as the sintering temperature and dwell time were increased to 700°C and 20 minutes, respectively, a rhenanite‐like phase was also formed (about 15 wt%), other than crystallites growth to 90 nm. Interestingly, the presence of rhenanite provides a beneficial contribution for the production of the HCA layer, which was found the largest for this system when considering storage periods of 7 and 14 days, respectively.
Oral melanoma and other pigmentations: when to biopsy?
Authors: Lambertini M. , Patrizi A. , Fanti P.A. , Melotti B. , Caliceti U. , Magnoni C. , Misciali C. , Baraldi C. , Ravaioli G.M. , Dika E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOral pigmentations (OPs) are often neglected, although a meticulous examination of the oral cavity is important not only in the diagnosis of oral melanoma, but also for the detection of important clinical findings that may indicate the presence of a systemic disease. OPs may be classified into two major groups on the basis of their clinical appearance: focal and diffuse pigmentations, even though this distinction may not appear so limpid in some cases. The former include amalgam tattoo, melanocytic nevi, melanoacanthoma and melanosis, while the latter include physiological/racial pigmentations, smoker's melanosis, drug‐induced hyperpigmentations, postinflammatory hyperpigmentations and OPs associated with systemic diseases. We will discuss the most frequent OPs and the differential diagnosis with oral mucosal melanoma (OMM), underlining the most frequent lesions that need to undergo a bioptic examination and lesions that could be proposed for a sequential follow‐up.
History rather than hybridization determines population structure and adaptation in Populus balsamifera
Authors: Meirmans P. G. , Godbout J. , Lamothe M. , Thompson S. L. , Isabel N. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHybridization between species is known to greatly affect their genetic diversity and, therefore, their evolution. Also, within species, there may be genetic clusters between which gene flow is limited, which may impact natural selection. However, few studies have looked simultaneously at the influence of among‐species and within‐species gene flow. Here, we study the influence of hybridization between Populus balsamifera and Populus trichocarpa on population structure and adaptation in P. balsamifera. We did this by sampling a total of 1517 individuals from across the ranges of these two species, and by genotyping them using a combination of 93 nuclear and 17 cpDNA SNPs. We found that hybridization is mostly limited to the contact zone where the species’ distributions overlap. Within P. balsamifera, we found multiple levels of population structure. Interestingly, the border between the Eastern and Central clusters is very sharp, whereas the border between the Central and Western clusters is diffuse. Outlier analysis revealed that three loci associated with the sharp border were also associated with climate. We hypothesize that the observed clusters derive from three refugia during the Pleistocene ice ages. Between the Central and Western clusters, post‐glacial long‐distance gene flow has led to the diffusion of their border. In the Eastern cluster, we hypothesize that endogenous genomic barriers have developed, leading to the sharp border and a spurious climate association. We conclude that the large‐scale genetic structure of P. balsamifera is mostly shaped by historical factors and the influence of interspecific hybridization is limited.
IMPORTANCE OF THE FUND MANAGEMENT COMPANY IN THE PERFORMANCE OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE MUTUAL FUNDS
Authors: Belghitar Yacine , Clark Ephraim , Deshmukh Nitin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe compare the performance of a sample of U.K.‐based socially responsible investment (SRI) funds with similar conventional funds using a matched‐pair analysis based on size, age, investment universe, and fund management company (FMC). We find that both the SRI and conventional funds outperform the market index about 50% of the time, even after fees. Subsample tests show that the SRI funds in our sample perform better in the pre‐ and postfinancial crisis periods but underperform during the financial crisis period. Importantly, we find that the FMC plays a major role in the outperformance of both SRI and conventional funds.
Use of antidepressive agents as a possibility in the management of periodontal diseases: A systematic review of experimental studies
Authors: Muniz Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes , Melo Iracema Matos , Rösing Cassiano Kuchenbecker , de Andrade Geanne Matos , Martins Ricardo Souza , Moreira Maria Mônica Studart Mendes , Carvalho Rosimary de Sousa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAntidepressant agents have anti‐inflammatory functions that could be interesting as adjuvants in periodontal therapy. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of antidepressive drugs in the management of periodontal disease. The MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, LILACS, and SciELO databases were searched. To be included, the studies had to be experimental studies; randomized, controlled; double‐blinded; or blinded studies. A total of 565 articles were initially searched, of which five were selected for the systematic review. All studies used rats, and three different drugs were evaluated: tianeptine, venlafaxine, and fluoxetine. Two of these studies evaluated the effect of antidepressive agents in rats submitted to both ligature‐induced periodontitis and depression models, showing that depressive rats had greater alveolar bone loss (ABL). Only the venlafaxine study was not able to find any significant ABL reduction in the group that used this antidepressive drug. The other four studies showed statistically‐significant differences, favoring the group with the antidepressant agent. Treatments that are able to modulate the brain‐neuroendocrine‐immune system could be used as an adjuvant to periodontal disease management. However, studies on humans and animals are scarce, limiting the conclusion of a positive effect in the present systematic review.
Correlation of CD4 count with cariogenic oral flora indicators and dental caries in HIV‐seropositive children undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Mangaluru, South India
Authors: Muraleedharan Soumya , Panchmal Ganesh Shenoy , Shenoy Rekha P. , Jodalli Praveen , Sonde Laxminarayan , Pasha Imran 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to compare the association of CD4 count with cariogenic oral flora indicators and dental caries in HIV‐seropositive children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsA descriptive study was conducted among HIV‐seropositive children receiving ART at Snehasadan Camillian Care and Support Center HIV/AIDS in Mangaluru, India. Demographic details and r recent CD4 counts were recorded. For dental caries, the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT)/decayed, missing, filled/decayed, extracted, filled index was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Spearman's correlation was used to correlate CD4 count with dental caries and cariogenic oral flora indicators (mutans streptococci and lactobacilli).ResultsThe study population comprised 35 patients. Dental caries prevalence was 54.1% in deciduous teeth and 41.2% in permanent teeth. Age and DMFT showed a significant, positive correlation; age and dmft showed a negative correlation (P < .05). A weak, negative correlation was found between age and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and also CD4 count; S. mutans and CD4 count and dmft were not found to be statistically significant (P < .05).ConclusionNo statistically‐significant correlation was found between CD4 count and cariogenic oral flora indicators in HIV‐positive patients. The presence of a minimum number of restored teeth compared to decayed teeth suggests a lack of dental care being given to HIV‐positive patients.