bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Veterinary Professionals and Senior Animal Health Students in Central Gondar Zone, Gondar, Ethiopia: Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Perspectives
Authors: Mekonen Abibo Wondie , Mekasha Yesuneh Tefera , Feleke Melaku Getahun , Getaneh Atsede , Dereje Meron , Bafe Misganew , Nigussie Sete , Beyene Achenef Melaku 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a worldwide challenge to the well‐being of animals and humans. The emergence of AMR is largely attributed to the improper utilization and overuse of antimicrobials. In order to combat this issue and promote responsible antimicrobial use (AMU), it is imperative for veterinary professionals and graduating students to possess extensive knowledge, maintain positive attitudes, and adhere to good practices regarding AMU and AMR.ObjectiveTo assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) of veterinary professionals and senior animal health students’ towards veterinary AMU and AMR.MethodsA cross‐sectional study design was conducted on purposefully selected 200 participants (60 of them were veterinary professionals from the districts and towns, and the remaining 140 were senior animal health university students). A self‐administered, structured questionnaire was used to collect the necessary data, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.ResultsThe study revealed that, overall, study participants’ KAP were not satisfactory. From veterinary professionals, about 56.7% of respondents scored average knowledge, whereas 66.7% and 61.66% of them had negative attitudes and poor practices, respectively, on AMU and AMR. The study found that 56% of the participants’ think the previous knowledge they acquired regarding AMU and AMR was not sufficient, and the internet was used as a source of drug information by the majority of participants. The majority (72%) of them were not taking special training on AMU and AMR. Regarding senior animal health students, this study indicated that 52% and 69.2% of the respondents had poor knowledge and a negative attitude, respectively, towards AMU and AMR.ConclusionOverall, veterinary professionals in the central Gondar zone have average knowledge, a negative attitude and poor practices. Poor knowledge and a negative attitude were also observed among senior animal health students towards AMU and AMR. Therefore, to fill the observed gaps, activities that enhance the skills of veterinary professionals and students should be implemented. Ingreted measures with animicrobial stewardship program and Nationwide studies are highly suggested to evaluate the overall status of veterinary professionals towards AMU and AMR.
Prevalence and Subtypes Distribution (ST10, ST14, ST25, ST26) of Blastocystis spp. in Anatolian Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Van, Türkiye
Authors: Ayan Adnan , Aslan Celik Burcak , Celik Ozgur Yasar , Yilmaz Ali Bilgin , Orunc Kilinc Ozlem , Oktay Ayan Ozge 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundBlastocystis spp. is one of the most common protozoa worldwide, living in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals. On the basis of the genetic heterogeneity of small subunit ribosomal RNA, at least 28 subtypes (ST1‐ST17, ST21 and ST23–ST32) are reported to exist in mammals and birds.ObjectivesThis study was carried out to determine the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis spp. in Anatolian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Van province in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey.MethodsDNA was extracted using commercial GeneMATRIX Stool DNA Purification Kit and then stored at −20°C until PCR amplification. After PCR amplification of the SSU rRNA gene region positive Blastocystis spp., amplicons from buffalo faeces were sequenced and then deposited in GenBank (OR576949.1, OR576950.1, OR576970.1, OR576971.1, OR577019.1, PP837943.1, PP837940.1, PP837939.1, PP837604.1, PP837937.1, PP837934.1, PP837601.1, PP837936.1 and PP837603.1).ResultsPCR analysis of 120 faecal samples showed a total prevalence of 11.67% (14/120). The prevalence was higher in females and young animals (p > 0.05). Sequence analysis revealed Blastocystis spp., ST10, ST14, ST25 and ST26 subtypes. To our knowledge, Blastocystis subtypes ST25 and ST26 in buffaloes were reported for the first time in this study.ConclusionIt is thought that more large‐scale studies should be carried out to determine the zoonotic subtype potential of this protozoan in the region.
Development of multifunctional passive cooling PE composites with high reflectivity and flame retardancy by combining inorganic flame retardant and organic aromatic compound
Authors: Wang Kesong , Wang Xiaofei , Qi Yanli , Chen Tingting , Zhang Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the pressing issue of energy problems has led to increased interest in passive cooling materials due to their energy‐saving potential. In this work, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) were added into polyethylene (PE) composites to obtain cooling materials with high reflectivity and flame retardancy. With 7 wt% Sb2O3 and 21 wt% DBDPE, the reflectance of samples in all solar wavelengths was greatly improved by at least 47.76%. Furthermore, the internal temperature of the self‐designed temperature test device was reduced from 47.1 to 28.4 °C with a sunlight simulator at a light intensity of 1000 W/m2 for 1 h at an indoor temperature of 25 °C. In addition, the UL‐94 vertical flammability rating was upgraded from No Rating to V‐0, and the limiting oxygen index value increased by at least 6.2%. The selection of a PE matrix with a higher degree of crystallinity resulted in enhanced mechanical properties. These multifunctional PE composites have the advantage in its high reflectance across all solar wavelengths and relatively good flame retardancy. Evidently, resultant characteristics make these composites potential candidates for application in the passive cooling field.Highlights
Inorganic and organic particles were incorporated into the PE matrix.
Multifunctional reflective cooling composites were prepared.
The factors affecting the reflectivity of composites were analyzed.
Managing the decline of coal in a decarbonizing China
Authors: Davidson Michael R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPressures to address climate change are eroding the privileged role coal has held in China throughout its modernization. Phasing down coal requires a suite of supply‐ and demand‐side tools to both reduce production (and therefore, maintain sufficiently high prices) and shift to coal alternatives across diverse consumption sectors. This review outlines contours of the coming coal transition by documenting coal's rise in modern China, its status in key debates of today's energy system, and the range of modeling scenarios of coal's future to mid‐century. In addition, through an analysis of current efforts and impacts in four transition policy areas—supply‐side, demand‐side, employment and social impacts, and stranded assets and fiscal revenues—it identifies gaps and future recommendations. Emerging scholarship on enhancing political feasibility and fostering a “just transition” needs to move beyond global cases and address highly localized and temporally bound impacts.This article is categorized under:
The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Future of Global Energy
Policy and Governance > National Climate Change Policy
Predictors of appendicectomy one year after antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis: Insights from a prospective, multicentre, observational study
Authors: Javanmard‐Emamghissi Hannah , Doleman Brett , Lund Jonathan N. , Hollyman Marianne , Moug Susan J. , Tierney Gillian M. ,   The COVID: HAREM (Had Appendicitis and Resolved/Recurred Emergency Morbidity/Mortality) Collaborative Group
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurgeons are sometimes reluctant to manage uncomplicated appendicitis non‐operatively. Reasons cited include the risk of recurrent appendicitis and the risk of missed appendiceal malignancy. The aim of this study was to address these uncertainties and determine the long‐term efficacy of antibiotic versus operative management of appendicitis.MethodOne‐year follow‐up of patients enrolled in the multicentre, COVID:HAREM cohort study during March‐June 2020 was performed. Initial operative or non‐operative management was determined on a case‐by‐case basis by the responsible surgeon. Outcomes were appendicectomy rate at 1‐year, histology of removed appendix and predictors of unsuccessful antibiotic treatment.ResultsA total of 625 patients who had non‐operative management were included. Emergency appendicectomy had been performed by 1‐year in 24% (149/625), with a median time to appendicectomy of 12 days [IQR 1–77] from presentation. Thirty‐one patients had elective appendicectomy. Normal histology was reported in 6% of emergency procedures and 58% of elective ones. There were 7 malignancies and 3 neuroendocrine tumors identified at histology. All patients with malignant histology had ≥1 risk factors for malignancy at initial presentation. Faecolithiasis (hazard ratios (HR) 2.3, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.51–3.49) and a high Adult Appendicitis Score (AAS >16; HR 2.44, 95% CI 1.52–3.92) were independent risk factors for unsuccessful non‐operative management.ConclusionAt 1 year, 71% of patients managed non‐operatively did not undergo an appendicectomy. Recurrence of appendicitis was associated with faecolithiasis and a high AAS. Patients at higher risk for appendiceal malignancy should have targeted follow‐up. These factors should be considered when counseling patients on non‐operative management.
Hydrothermal analysis of time‐fractional magneto hydrodynamic viscous fluid flow on a plate
Authors: Alhachami Ali Salam Khairullah , Asadi Zohreh , Jalili Bahram , Khan Yasir , ShayanMehr Mahdi , Jalili Payam , Ganji Davood Domiri 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe work was conducted to analyze convective heat transfer theory concerning the MHD effect on a flat and vertical plane. Thus, it is assumed that the plane has an unlimited surface area. In this work, we have tried to investigate the speed, temperature, and concentration by examining the impact ability of the studied space from changes in the mass concentration of nanoparticles and course, other dimensionless parameters such as Soret number, magnetic parameter, and Grashof. We attempted to analyze the idea of the treatise using the Caputo‐Fabrizio‐fractional derivative model, which is worth mentioning. One of the interesting results of this work is that with the increase of volume fraction of nanofluids from 0.01 to 0.04 wt%, we see that the thermal distribution increases significantly. The temperature profile has decreased by almost 7% as a result of increasing the dimensionless Prandtl number from 4 to 7. A 19% increase in velocity values is caused by increased fractional parameter effects from 1 to 3.
Shear flow of mixed convection nanofluid past a plate in the company of prescribed surface heat flux and mass flux at the boundary
Authors: Dey Sudip , Mukhopadhyay Swati 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCombined impacts of prescribed surface heat and mass fluxes on nanoliquid flow over a vertical plate with shear flow have been inspected. A two‐phase model for nanofluid has been considered. By means of similarity alterations, partial differential equations which govern the problem under consideration are changed to ordinary ones and nonlinear equations are solved numerically by shooting technique and Runge–Kutta method. The related effects of appropriate parameters on streamwise velocity, velocity, velocity gradient, temperature, and concentrations are analyzed elaborately. The importance of unlike factors on heat and mass transport as well as fluid flow phenomena are detected and analyzed physically as far as practicable. Fluid velocity rises but temperature and concentration are noted to diminish due to mixed convection. Velocity gradient at the wall rises with the rise in mixed convection parameter but wall temperature and wall concentration are found to diminish with the growing values of mixed convection parameter. As Brownian motion parameter and thermophoresis parameter increase, the wall velocity gradient declines until a certain point and from that point it starts to behave in the opposite way. Additionally, the temperature at the wall increases as these parameters grow, but temperature at the wall decreases with the rising values of the mixed convection parameter. On the other hand, the wall concentration increases with the increasing values of the thermophoresis parameter, but wall concentration decreases with the swelling values of the Brownian motion parameter and mixed convection parameter. The results of this study will be of immense help to the engineers and scientists to obtain superior flow phenomenon and heat, mass transport features.
Exploring exotic decays of the Higgs boson to multi-photons at the LHC via multimodal learning approaches
Authors: Hammad A. , Ko P. , Lu Chih-Ting , Park Myeonghun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson, the most recently discovered elementary particle, may still serve as a mediator between the SM sector and a new physics sector related to dark matter (DM). The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has not yet fully constrained the physics associated with the Higgs boson, leaving room for such possibilities. Among the various potential mass scales of the dark sector, the sub-GeV mass range is particularly intriguing. This parameter space presents significant challenges for DM direct detection experiments that rely on nuclear recoils. Various innovative experimental methods are currently under investigation to explore this sub-GeV dark sector. The LHC, functioning as a Higgs factory, could explore this sector once the challenge of identifying DM signals is resolved. Due to the significantly lower mass of particles in the dark sector compared to the Higgs boson, these particles are expected to be highly boosted following the Higgs boson’s decay. However, detecting and identifying these highly boosted particles remains a considerable challenge at the LHC, despite their eventual decay into SM particles. We employ a well-motivated leptophobic $$ {Z}_B^{\prime } $$

Z
B
′

model as a prototype to analyze the distinctive signatures from Higgs boson exotic decays into multi-photons. These signatures consist of collimated photons that fail to meet the photon isolation criteria, forming jet-like objects. Conventional analyses relying solely on the purity of energy deposits in the electromagnetic calorimeter would fail to detect these signatures, as they would be overwhelmed by background events from Quantum Chromodynamics. To effectively distinguish between such novel signal signatures and SM background events, we leverage advanced machine learning techniques, specifically the transformer encoder in a multimodal network structure. This neural network successfully separates dark sector signals from SM backgrounds, outperforming traditional event selection analyses.
Yukawa couplings at infinite distance and swampland towers in chiral theories
Authors: Casas Gonzalo F. , Ibáñez Luis E. , Marchesano Fernando 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study limits of vanishing Yukawa couplings of 4d chiral matter fields in Quantum Gravity, using as a laboratory type IIA orientifolds with D6-branes. In these theories chiral fermions arise at brane intersections, where an infinite tower of charged particles dubbed gonions are localised. We show that in the limit Y → 0 some of these towers become asymptotically massless, while at the same time the kinetic term of some chiral fields becomes singular and at least two extra dimensions decompactify. For limits parametrised by a large complex structure saxion u, Yukawa couplings have a behaviour of the form Y ~ 1/ur, with r some positive rational number. Moreover, in this limit some of the gauge couplings associated to the Yukawa vanish. The lightest gonion scales are of order mgon ~ gsMP with s > 1, verifying the magnetic WGC with room to spare and with no need of its tower/sublattice versions. We also show how this behaviour can be understood in the context of the emergence of kinetic terms in Quantum Gravity. All these results may be very relevant for phenomenology, given the fact that some of the Yukawa couplings in the Standard Model are very small.
Targeting (pseudo)-scalar CP violation with Bs → μ+μ−
Authors: Fleischer Robert , Malami Eleftheria , Rehult Anders , Vos K. Keri 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The leptonic decay Bs → μ+μ− is both rare and theoretically clean, making it an excellent probe for New Physics searches. Due to its helicity suppression in the Standard Model, this decay is particularly sensitive to new (pseudo)-scalar contributions. We present a new strategy for detecting CP-violating New Physics contributions of this kind, exploiting two observables: $$ {\mathcal{A}}_{\Delta {\varGamma}_s}^{\mu \mu} $$

A

Δ

Γ
s

μμ

, which is accessible due to the sizeable decay width difference of the Bs system, and the mixing-induced CP asymmetry $$ {\mathcal{S}}_{\mu \mu} $$

S
μμ

. The strategy also uses information from B → K(*)μ+μ− and Bs → ϕμ+μ− decays. We find remarkably constrained regions in the $$ {\mathcal{A}}_{\Delta {\Gamma}_s}^{\mu \mu} $$

A

Δ

Γ
s

μμ

-$$ {\mathcal{S}}_{\mu \mu} $$

S
μμ

plane that serve as promising targets for future measurements.
Constraining non-unitary neutrino mixing using matter effects in atmospheric neutrinos at INO-ICAL
Authors: Sahoo Sadashiv , Das Sudipta , Kumar Anil , Agarwalla Sanjib Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The mass-induced neutrino oscillation is a well established phenomenon that is based on the unitary mixing among three light active neutrinos. Remarkable precision on neutrino mixing parameters over the last decade or so has opened up the prospects for testing the possible non-unitarity of the standard 3ν mixing matrix, which may arise in the seesaw extensions of the Standard Model due to the admixture of three light active neutrinos with heavy isosinglet neutrinos. Because of this non-unitary neutrino mixing (NUNM), the oscillation probabilities among the three active neutrinos would be altered as compared to the probabilities obtained assuming a unitary 3ν mixing matrix. In such a NUNM scenario, neutrinos can experience an additional matter effect due to the neutral current interactions with the ambient neutrons. Atmospheric neutrinos having access to a wide range of energies and baselines can experience a significant modifications in Earth’s matter effect due to NUNM. In this paper, we study in detail how the NUNM parameter α32 affects the muon neutrino and antineutrino survival probabilities in a different way. Then, we place a comparable and complementary constraint on α32 in a model independent fashion using the proposed 50 kt magnetized Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector under the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) project, which can efficiently detect the atmospheric νμ and $$ {\overline{\nu}}_{\mu } $$

ν
¯

μ

separately in the multi-GeV energy range. Further, we discuss the advantage of charge identification capability of ICAL and the impact of uncertainties in oscillation parameters while constraining α32. We also compare the α32 sensitivity of ICAL with that of future long-baseline experiments DUNE and T2HK in isolation and combination.
Axion detection via superfluid 3He ferromagnetic phase and quantum measurement techniques
Authors: Chigusa So , Kondo Dan , Murayama Hitoshi , Okabe Risshin , Sudo Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We propose to use the nuclear spin excitation in the ferromagnetic A1 phase of the superfluid 3He for the axion dark matter detection. This approach is striking in that it is sensitive to the axion-nucleon coupling, one of the most important features of the QCD axion introduced to solve the strong CP problem. We review a quantum mechanical description of the nuclear spin excitation and apply it to the estimation of the axion-induced spin excitation rate. We also describe a possible detection method of the spin excitation in detail and show that the combination of the squeezing of the final state with the Josephson parametric amplifier and the homodyne measurement can enhance the sensitivity. It turns out that this approach gives good sensitivity to the axion dark matter with the mass of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) μeV depending on the size of the external magnetic field. We estimate the parameters of experimental setups, e.g., the detector volume and the amplitude of squeezing, required to reach the QCD axion parameter space.
Nonlinear evolution of disturbances in higher time-derivative theories
Authors: Fring Andreas , Taira Takano , Turner Bethan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We investigate the evolution of localized initial value profiles when propagated in integrable versions of higher time-derivative theories. In contrast to the standard cases in nonlinear integrable systems, where these profiles evolve into a specific number of N-soliton solutions as dictated by the conservation laws, in the higher time-derivative theories the theoretical prediction is that the initial profiles can settle into either two-soliton solutions or into any number of N-soliton solutions. In the latter case this implies that the solutions exhibit oscillations that spread in time but remain finite. We confirm these analytical predictions by explicitly solving the associated Cauchy problem numerically with multiple initial profiles for various higher time-derivative versions of integrable modified Korteweg-de Vries equations. In the case with the theoretical possibility of a decay into two-soliton solutions, the emergence of underlying singularities may prevent the profiles from fully developing or may be accompanied by oscillatory, chargeless standing waves at the origin.
Fatigue nach einer COVID-19-Erkrankung im Zusammenhang mit Depressivität und Ängstlichkeit bei Versicherten aus Gesundheits- und Sozialberufen
Authors: Mertens Svenja , Nienhaus Albert , Peters Claudia , Koch-Gromus Uwe 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Fatigue bezeichnet einen andauernden Erschöpfungszustand, der auf eine Infektionskrankheit folgen kann. Sie zählt zu den häufigsten Symptomen beim Post-Covid-Syndrom (PCS). Auch bei psychischen Erkrankungen kann Fatigue auftreten, allerdings ist Fatigue, wie andere chronische Erkrankungen, auch selbst ein Risikofaktor für Depressivität und Ängstlichkeit. Ziel der Analyse ist es, zu untersuchen, inwieweit sich Fatigue und Depressivität/Ängstlichkeit gegenseitig bedingen und ob es Unterschiede zwischen PCS-Betroffenen und vollständig Genesenen gibt.

Methodik
In einer Längsschnittuntersuchung mit 3 Messzeitpunkten wurden Versicherte der Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege, die im Jahr 2020 mit SARS-CoV‑2 infiziert waren, zu Fatigue, Depressivität/Ängstlichkeit und lang anhaltenden COVID-19-Symptomen befragt. Zur Analyse der längsschnittlichen Effekte der beiden Variablen wurde ein kreuzlagiges Paneldatenmodell angewandt.

Ergebnisse
Die Stichprobe (n = 860) weist zu den 3 Messzeitpunkten einen Anteil von 68,7–75,1 % an PCS-Betroffenen auf. Das Modell zeigt eine Güte von R2 = 61,49 % und durchgehend signifikante Effekte, jedoch unterscheiden sich die kreuzlagigen Pfade nicht signifikant voneinander. Wird danach stratifiziert, ob eine PCS-Symptomatik vorliegt, schwächen sich in beiden Gruppen die kreuzlagigen Effekte ab, während nur in der Gruppe der PCS-Betroffenen die Effekte von Fatigue auf Depressivität und Ängstlichkeit bestehen bleiben.

Diskussion
Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse zeigen einen wechselseitigen Zusammenhang von Fatigue- und Depressivitäts‑/Ängstlichkeitssymptomatik. PCS-Betroffene könnten von psychotherapeutischen Behandlungen aufgrund ihrer Fatigue profitieren, da dem Entstehen von Depressionen oder Angststörungen vorgebeugt werden kann.