bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydro‐geomorphic perturbations on the soil‐atmosphere CO2exchange: How (un)certain are our balances?
Authors: Dialynas Yannis G. , Bras Rafael L. , deB. Richter Daniel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAttempts to estimate the influence of erosion on the carbon (C) cycle are limited by difficulties in accounting for the fate of mobilized organic material and for the uncertainty associated with land management practices. This study proposes a method to quantify the uncertainty introduced by the influence of land management on soil organic C (SOC) generation and decomposition at eroding soils. The framework is implemented in tRIBS‐ECO (Triangulated Irregular Network‐based Real‐time Integrated Basin Simulator‐Erosion and Carbon Oxidation). tRIBS‐ECO is a spatially and depth‐explicit model of C dynamics coupled with a process‐based hydro‐geomorphic model. We assess the impact of soil erosion on the net soil‐atmosphere CO2exchange at the Calhoun Critical Zone Observatory, one of the most severely agriculturally eroded regions in the U.S. Measurements of SOC storage are used from different catena positions. We demonstrate that the spatiotemporal variations of land management practices introduce significant uncertainty in estimates of the erosion‐induced CO2exchange with the atmosphere. Observations and simulations suggest that a substantial portion of eroded organic material is buried in alluvial sediments at the study site. According to results, recent reforestation led to a partial decline in soil and SOC erosion rates. It is suggested that the representation of the fine spatiotemporal variability of the dynamics of eroded C is important in the computation of C budgets in regional and global scales.
Impact of Moving From a Widespread to Multisite Pain Definition on Other Fibromyalgia Symptoms
Authors: Dean Linda E. , Arnold Lesley , Crofford Leslie , Bennett Robert , Goldenberg Don , Fitzcharles Mary‐Ann , Paiva Eduardo S. , Staud Roland , Clauw Dan , Sarzi‐Puttini Piercarlo , Jones Gareth T. , Ayorinde Abimbola , Flüß Elisa , Beasley Marcus , Macfarlane Gary J. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate whether associations between pain and the additional symptoms associated with fibromyalgia are different in persons with chronic widespread pain (CWP) compared to multisite pain (MSP), with or without joint areas.MethodsSix studies were used: 1958 British birth cohort, Epidemiology of Functional Disorders, Kid Low Back Pain, Managing Unexplained Symptoms (Chronic Widespread Pain) in Primary Care: Involving Traditional and Accessible New Approaches, Study of Health and its Management, and Women's Health Study (WHEST; females). MSP was defined as the presence of pain in ≥8 body sites in adults (≥10 sites in children) indicated on 4‐view body manikins, conducted first to include joints (positive joints) and second without (negative joints). The relationship between pain and fatigue, sleep disturbance, somatic symptoms, and mood impairment was assessed using logistic regression. Results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsThere were 34,818 participants across the study populations (adults age range 42–56 years, male 43–51% [excluding WHEST], and CWP prevalence 12–17%). Among those reporting MSP, the proportion reporting CWP ranged between 62% and 76%. Among those reporting the symptoms associated with fibromyalgia, there was an increased likelihood of reporting pain, the magnitude of which was similar regardless of the definition used. For example, within WHEST, reporting moderate/severe fatigue (Chalder fatigue scale 4–11) was associated with a >5‐fold increase in likelihood of reporting pain (CWP OR 5.2 [95% CI 3.9–6.9], MSP–positive joints OR 6.5 [95% CI 5.0–8.6], and MSP–negative joints OR 6.5 [95% CI 4.7–9.0]).ConclusionThis large‐scale study demonstrates that regardless of the pain definition used, the magnitude of association between pain and other associated symptoms of fibromyalgia is similar. This finding supports the continued collection of both when classifying fibromyalgia, but highlights the fact that pain may not require to follow the definition outlined within the 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria.
Validation of the acute leukemia‐EBMT score for prediction of mortality following allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a multi‐center GITMO cohort
Authors: Shouval Roni , Bonifazi Francesca , Fein Joshua , Boschini Cristina , Oldani Elena , Labopin Myriam , Raimondi Roberto , Sacchi Nicoletta , Dabash Osamah , Unger Ron , Mohty Mohamad , Rambaldi Alessandro , Nagler Arnon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPredictive models may help in determining the risk/benefit ratio of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in acute leukemia (AL). Using a machine‐learning algorithm we have previously developed the AL‐ European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) score for prediction of mortality following transplantation. We report here the first external validation of the AL‐EBMT score in a cohort of AL patients from the Italian national transplantation network. A total of 1848 patients transplanted between the years 2000‐2014 were analyzed. The median age was 45.9. Indications for HSCT were Acute Myeloid Leukemia (68.1%) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (31.9%). The majority of patients were in first complete remission (60.4%), and received myeloablative conditioning (81.3%). Median follow‐up was 2 years. The score was well‐calibrated for prediction of day 100 mortality and 2‐year overall survival (OS), leukemia free survival (LFS), and nonrelapse related mortality, with corresponding area under the receiver‐operator curves of 0.698, 0.651, 0.653, and 0.651, respectively. Increasing score intervals were associated with a decreasing probability of 2‐year OS and LFS. The highest scoring group was associated with a hazard ratio of 3.16, 2.8, and 2.27 for 2‐year OS, LFS, and NRM, respectively. In conclusion, the AL‐EBMT score identified three distinct risk groups and was predictive of OS. It is a valid tool for stratifying the risk of acute leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT.
Regiochemical Control of Pyrazoles by Solvent and β‐Enamino Diketone Structure: Regioselective Synthesis of 4,5‐Disubstituted N‐Phenylpyrazoles
Authors: Souza Thiago F. , Silva Michael J. V. , Silva Raí G. M. , Gonçalves Davana S. , Simon Paula A. , Jacomini Andrey P. , Basso Ernani A. , Moura Sidnei , Martins Marcos A. P. , Back Davi F. , Rosa Fernanda A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA simple method for the regiocontrolled synthesis of the 4,5‐disubstituted N‐phenylpyrazole regioisomers 2 and 3 from β‐enamino diketones and phenylhydrazine is described. Pyrazole 2 was prepared regioselectively by carrying out the reaction in a protic solvent, whereas pyrazole 3 was obtained as the main product by using an aprotic solvent. Steric factors regarding the β‐enamino diketones also influenced the regiochemistry of 2 and 3. The influence of solvent on the reaction outcome can be rationalized by using Fukui indices. The structures of 2 and 3 were unambiguously elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, two‐dimensional HMBC experiments, high resolution mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallographic analysis.
B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Defunctionalization of Ether‐Containing Primary Alkyl Tosylates with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Chatterjee Indranil , Porwal Digvijay , Oestreich Martin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCatalytic C(sp3)−O bond cleavage promoted by B(C6F5)3 /Et3SiH proceeds preferentially with primary tosylates in the presence of primary and secondary silyl ethers and aryl ethers. This reactivity difference enables the chemoselective defunctionalization of several 1,n‐diols, and the efficiency of the new procedure is highlighted by the selective deoxygenation of the hydroxymethyl group of an orthogonally protected carbohydrate. Tosylates with an adjacent phenyl group are cleaved with anchimeric assistance.
Total Synthesis of GKK1032A2 via Direct 13‐Membered Macrocyclization Using a Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of an (η6‐Arene)Chromium Complex
Authors: Sugata Hayato , Inagaki Kensuke , Ode Toshiaki , Hayakawa Tomoki , Karoji Yuki , Baba Motoaki , Kato Ryo , Hasegawa Daiju , Tsubogo Tetsu , Uchiro Hiromi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe first enantioselective total synthesis of GKK1032A2 has been achieved. The key step is a direct construction of the highly strained 13‐membered macrocycle of GKK1032A2 by an intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction. This is the first successful example of construction of a macrocycle with an aryl ether linkage utilizing an intramolecular SNAr reaction of an (η6‐arene)chromium complex.
Train design features affecting boarding and alighting of passengers
Authors: Thoreau Roselle , Holloway Catherine , Bansal Gurvir , Gharatya Kuldeep , Roan Tyng‐Rong , Tyler Nick 
Published: February 2017

SummaryAccurately predicting train dwell time is critical to running an effective and efficient service. With high‐density passenger services, large numbers of passengers must be able to board and alight the train quickly – and within scheduled dwell times. Using a specially constructed train mock‐up in a pedestrian movement laboratory, the experiments outlined in this paper examine the impact of train carriage design factors such as door width, seat type, platform edge doors and horizontal gap on the time taken by passengers to board and alight. The findings illustrate that the effectiveness of design features depends on whether there are a majority of passengers boarding or alighting. An optimum door width should be between 1.7 and 1.8 m. The use of a central pole and platform edge doors produced no major effects, but a 200 mm horizontal gap could increase the movement of passengers. There is no clear effect of the type of seats and neither the standbacks between 50, 300 and 500 mm. Further research will look for the relationship between the dwell time and the characteristics of passengers such as personal space. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population-based study on resection rates and survival in patients with colorectal liver metastasis in Norway
Authors: Angelsen J-H , Horn A , Sorbye H , Eide G E , Løes I M , Viste A 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundDetailed knowledge about the proportion of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM) undergoing resection is sparse. The aim of this study was to analyse cumulative resection rates and survival in patients with CLM.MethodsFor this population-based study of patients developing CLM during 2011–2013, data were extracted from the Norwegian Patient Registry and the Cancer Registry of Norway.ResultsA total of 2960 patients had CLM; their median overall survival was 10·9 months. Liver resection was performed in 538 patients. The cumulative resection rate was 20·0 per cent. The cumulative resection rate was 23·3 per cent in patients aged less than 40 years, 31·1 per cent in patients aged 40–59 years, 24·7 per cent in those aged 60–74 years, 17·9 per cent in those aged 75–79 years and 4·7 per cent in patients aged 80 years or more (P &lt; 0·001). In multivariable analysis, resection rate was associated with age, extrahepatic metastases, disease-free interval and geographical region. Overall survival after diagnosis of CLM was affected by liver resection (hazard ratio (HR) 0·54, 95 per cent c.i. 0·34 to 0·86), rectal cancer (HR 0·82, 0·74 to 0·90), metachronous disease (HR 0·66, 0·60 to 0·74), increasing age (HR 1·32, 1·28 to 1·37), region, and extrahepatic metastases (HR 1·90, 1·74 to 2·07). Three- and 4-year overall survival rates after hepatectomy were 73·2 and 54·8 per cent respectively.ConclusionThe cumulative resection rate in patients with CLM in Norway between 2011 and 2013 was 20 per cent. Resection rates varied across geographical regions, and with patient and disease characteristics.
Chromatographic determination of harmalans in the urine of autistic children
Authors: Kałużna‐Czaplińska Joanna , Jóźwik‐Pruska Jagoda , Axt Andrea 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach to autism – a complex and still enigmatic condition. We present the results of our preliminary research which was based on the detection of the hallucinogenic substance 6‐ (or 10‐)methoxyharmalan in the urine samples of autistic children with the use of chromatographic methods. Additionally, we aim to describe the relationship between the level of tryptophan and harmalan, and the influence of supplementation on the level of this compound. We applied HPLC‐UV/vis, HPLC‐DAD and LC–MS in order to determine McIsaac's compound in the urine samples obtained from autistic children (n = 132) and healthy individuals (n = 10). The level of tryptophan was quantified with the use of GC–MS. Our research shows the presence of the McIsaac's compound in 110 samples of ASD children contrary to healthy children, where it was not found. No relationship between the level of tryptophan and 6‐methoxyharmalan was noticed. The study shows a strong influence of melatonin supplementation on the presence of the McIsaac's compound. We believe that the results of our research can contribute to a better understanding of autism spectrum disorders. Moreover, our findings can form the basis for other studies focused on autism, eventually making it possible to understand its etiology.
The establishment of tocopherol reference intervals for Hungarian adult population using a validated HPLC method
Authors: Veres Gábor , Szpisjak László , Bajtai Attila , Siska Andrea , Klivényi Péter , Ilisz István , Földesi Imre , Vécsei László , Zádori Dénes 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEvidence suggests that decreased α‐tocopherol (the most biologically active substance in the vitamin E group) level can cause neurological symptoms, most likely ataxia. The aim of the current study was to first provide reference intervals for serum tocopherols in the adult Hungarian population with appropriate sample size, recruiting healthy control subjects and neurological patients suffering from conditions without symptoms of ataxia, myopathy or cognitive deficiency. A validated HPLC method applying a diode array detector and rac‐tocol as internal standard was utilized for that purpose. Furthermore, serum cholesterol levels were determined as well for data normalization. The calculated 2.5–97.5% reference intervals for α‐, β/γ‐ and δ‐tocopherols were 24.62–54.67, 0.81–3.69 and 0.29–1.07 μm, respectively, whereas the tocopherol/cholesterol ratios were 5.11–11.27, 0.14–0.72 and 0.06–0.22 μmol/mmol, respectively. The establishment of these reference intervals may improve the diagnostic accuracy of tocopherol measurements in certain neurological conditions with decreased tocopherol levels. Moreover, the current study draws special attention to the possible pitfalls in the complex process of the determination of reference intervals as well, including the selection of study population, the application of internal standard and method validation and the calculation of tocopherol/cholesterol ratios.
Interactive authoring of bending and twisting motions of short plants using hand gestures
Authors: Chen Kan , Johan Henry 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an approach to interactively author the bending and twisting motions of short plants using hand gestures, especially suitable for grass, flowers, and leaves. Our method is based on the observations that hand motions can represent the bending and twisting motions of short plants and using a hand to describe motions is natural and proficient for human. We therefore use a hand as a “puppet” to author the animation of one single short plant based on transferring the motions of a hand to the motions of a short plant. We first author the global motions of the short plant followed by the motions of its elements such as leaves and flowers. We also propose a framework to utilize the animation results to animate a field of short plants and further adjust the motion effects according to the properties of the short plants, such as rigidity. As a result, users can intuitively and rapidly author and generate their desired motions of short plants under the influence of external forces. Especially, our method is accessible to non‐expert users and suitable for fast prototyping and authoring specific motions of short plants such as in cartoons.
Characterisation of Photoaffinity‐Based Chemical Probes by Fluorescence Imaging and Native‐State Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Teruya Kanae , Rankin Gregory M. , Chrysanthopoulos Panagiotis K. , Tonissen Kathryn F. , Poulsen Sally‐Ann 
Published: February 2017

AbstractChemical probes are small‐molecule reagents used by researchers for labelling and detection of biomolecules. We present the design, synthesis, and characterisation of a panel of 11 structurally diverse photoaffinity labelling (PAL) probes as research tools for labelling the model enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) in challenging environments, including in protein mixtures and cell lysates. We targeted the ubiquitous CA II as well as the two cancer‐associated CAs (CA IX and CA XII) that are of high priority as potential biomarkers of aggressive and/or multidrug‐resistant cancer. We utilise an atypical biophysical approach, native state mass spectrometry, to monitor the initial protein–probe binding and subsequent UV crosslinking efficiency of the protein:probe complex. This mass spectrometry methodology represents a new approach for chemical probe optimisation and development that might have broader applications to chemical probe characterisation beyond this study. This also represents one of the first studies, to the best of our knowledge, in which a comprehensive set of PAL probes has been used to establish the relationship between probe structure, noncovalent protein–probe binding, and covalent protein–probe crosslinking efficiency. Our results demonstrate the benefits of a comprehensive analysis of chemical probe structure–activity relationships to support the development of optimum chemical probes.
Constructing Dense SiOx@Carbon Nanotubes versus Spinel Cathode for Advanced High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ming Hai , Qiu Jingyi , Zhang Songtong , Li Meng , Zhu Xiayu , Wang Liming , Ming Jun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA newly designed dense SiOx@carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite with a high conductivity of 3.5 S cm−1 and tap density of 1.13 g cm−3 was prepared, in which the CNTs were stripped by physical energy crushing and then coated on SiOx nanoparticles. The composite exhibits high capacities of 835 and 687 mAh g−1 at current densities of 100 and 200 mA g−1, which can be finely persevered over 100 cycles. Benefiting from this promising anode, two new full cells of SiOx@CNTs/LiMn2O4 and SiOx@CNTs/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with high energy densities of 2273 and 2747 Wh kganode−1 (i. e. 413 and 500 Wh kgcathode−1), respectively, were successfully assembled and can cycle more than 400 cycles. Even with further cycling at the elevated temperature of 45 °C, the cells can still deliver relatively high capacities of 568 and 465 mAh ganode−1, respectively, over 100 cycles. Such desired high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries with working voltages over 4.0 V can be widely developed for diverse applications (e. g. in handheld devices, electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles). The easy extension of the presented synthetic strategy and the configuration of high‐energy battery system would be significant in materials synthesis and energy‐storage devices.
Reinvigorating Reverse‐Osmosis Membrane Technology to Stabilize the V2O5Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode
Authors: Wu Ji , Byrd Ian , Jin Congrui , Li Jianlin , Chen Hao , Camp Tyler , Bujol Ryan , Sharma Anju , Zhang Hanlei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractV2O5is deemed as one of the most promising cathode materials for next‐generation high‐capacity lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). It possesses a theoretical capacity of 294 mAh g−1, which is much higher than conventional cathodes. However, there are many issues to be solved before its practical use, including poor cycle life and unsatisfactory rate performance, mainly owing to its low electronic conductivity and ionic diffusivity, as well as structural instability. This work reports three types of V2O5asymmetric membranes synthesized by using an adapted reverse‐osmosis membrane technology combined with sol‐gel chemistry, aiming to stabilize the cyclability and improve the rate performance. V2O5asymmetric membrane cathodes prepared using graphene as the conductive additives have a specific capacity of approximately 160 mAh g−1at a current density of 100 mA g−1with no capacity degradation after 380 cycles. It is also found that the annealing temperature and the choice of conductive additives can affect the morphology of V2O5nanoparticles and the overall electrode cyclability. A lower annealing temperature (300 vs. 400 °C) and addition of graphene are beneficial to long‐term cycling performance.
Development of a Novel Plug‐Flow System for Heterogeneously Catalyzed Multiphase Reactions
Authors: Leonhardt Tobias , Zogg Andreas , Hutter Cédric , Jeisy Julius , Riedl Wolfgang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDer einem inversen Festbettreaktor nachempfundene lasergesinterte Rohrreaktor stellt eine interessante Alternative zu anderen innovativen Reaktorkonzepten zur Prozessintensivierung dar. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde für diesen Reaktortyp eine geeignete Peripherie konzipiert. Das entwickelte Anlagenkonzept soll verschiedene chemische Reaktionen unter inhärent sicheren Bedingungen ermöglichen. Im Fokus stehen heterogen katalysierte Mehrphasenreaktionen, die einen mittleren bis hohen Enthalpiestrom abgeben. Am Beispiel einer oxidativen Zyklisierung wird die Funktionalität des Reaktorsystems beschrieben.
Effect of selective oxidation and sulphur/phosphorus‐containing compounds on coking behaviour during light naphtha thermal cracking
Authors: Bao Binbin , Liu Jinglei , Xu Hong , Wan Shun , Zhang Weifeng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe investigation was aimed at evaluating the effect of selective oxidation and sulphur/phosphorus‐containing compounds on coking behaviour at the surface of HP40 alloy during thermal cracking of light naphtha. The surface morphology and composition of the selectively oxidized alloy were characterized by SEM, EDX, and XRD. Coking tests show that the coking rate of blank alloy decreased with sulphur/phosphorus‐containing compounds, while the effect of sulphur/phosphorus‐containing compounds on coking rate for selectively oxidized alloy is complex, and a mass concentration of µg/g results in the lowest coking rate. The morphology and microstructure of cokes were investigated by SEM and Raman spectra. SEM and Raman spectra analyses indicated that either selective oxidation or sulphur/phosphorus‐containing compounds resulted in more disordered graphite structures and amorphous carbon.
Dose determination for molecularly targeted therapies: Much Ado About Nothing
Authors: Tolcher Anthony 
Published: February 2017

Literature reviews and meta‐analyses of phase 1 studies are particularly difficult to perform and rarely draw useful conclusions due to the small size of individual studies and the varied populations. With the low rate of success in oncology drug development, the focus should turn to improving the efficiency of phase 1 studies.See also pages 1409‐15.