bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DOES THE GENDER GAP IN DELINQUENCY VARY BY LEVEL OF PATRIARCHY? A CROSS‐NATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: SAVOLAINEN JUKKA , APPLIN SAMANTHA , MESSNER STEVEN F. , HUGHES LORINE A. , LYTLE ROBERT , KIVIVUORI JANNE 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe examined cross‐national variation in the gender differential in offending, which is often referred to as the gender gap in crime. Analyses were directed toward two empirical questions: 1) Is the gender gap narrower in less patriarchal sociocultural settings, and if so, 2) is this outcome a result of higher levels of offending on the part of girls, lower levels of offending on the part of boys, or some combination thereof? To address these questions, we compiled a multilevel, cross‐national data set combining information on self‐reported offending from the second International Self Report Delinquency Survey (ISRD‐2) with normative and structural indicators of societal levels of patriarchy. The results from regression equations showed the gender gap in delinquency to be narrower at reduced national levels of patriarchy. The predicted probabilities calculated from regression coefficients suggested that this narrowing is a result of increased offending among girls and, to some extent, of decreased offending among boys in less patriarchal nations. Sensitivity checks with alternative model specifications confirmed these patterns but also identified a potential outlier. We discuss the implications of these descriptive findings for etiological research and theory.
Early Recurrence of First Unprovoked Seizures in Children
Authors: Goldberg Leah R. , Kernie Catherine G. , Lillis Kathleen , Bennett Jonathan , Conners Gregory , Macias Charles G. , Callahan James , Akman Cigdem , Allen Hauser W. , Kuppermann Nathan , Dayan Peter S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe risk of early seizure recurrences after first unprovoked seizures in children is largely unknown. We aimed to determine the rate of seizure recurrence within 14 days of first unprovoked seizures in children and identify associated risk factors. Secondarily, we aimed to determine the risk of recurrence at 48 hours and 4 months.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of a multicenter cohort study of children 29 days to 18 years with first unprovoked seizures. Emergency department (ED) clinicians completed standardized histories and physical examinations. The primary outcome, recurrent seizure at 14 days, and the secondary outcomes, recurrence at 48 hours and 4 months, were assessed by telephone follow‐up and medical record review. For each recurrence time point, we excluded those patients for whom no seizure had recurred but chronic antiepileptic drugs had been initiated.ResultsA total of 475 patients were enrolled in the parent study. Of evaluable patients for this secondary analysis, 26 of 392 (6.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.4%–9.6%) had recurrences within 48 hours of the incident seizures, 58 of 366 (15.8%, 95% CI = 12.3%–20.0%) had recurrences within 14 days, and 107 of 340 (31.5%, 95% CI = 26.6%–36.7%) had recurrences within 4 months. On logistic regression analysis, age younger than 3 years was independently associated with a higher risk of 14‐day recurrence (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.2–3.7; p = 0.01). Having had more than one seizure within the 24 hours prior to ED presentation was independently associated with a higher risk of seizure recurrence at 48 hours (adjusted OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 1.9–9.8; p < 0.001).ConclusionsRisk of seizure recurrence 14 days after first unprovoked seizures in children is substantial, with younger children at higher risk. Prompt completion of an electroencephalogram and evaluation by a neurologist is appropriate for these children.
The prevalence, incidence, and gender and age‐specific incidence of problem gambling: results of the Swedish longitudinal gambling study (Swelogs)
Authors: Abbott Max , Romild Ulla , Volberg Rachel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsTo estimate the prevalence, incidence and gender and age‐specific incidence of problem gambling in the Swedish adult population.DesignLongitudinal cohort study with linkage to register data.SettingSweden.ParticipantsStratified random sample aged 16–84 years at baseline (n = 8165) re‐assessed a year later (n = 6021).MeasurementsProblem gambling (life‐time and past 12 months) was measured by the South Oaks Gambling Screen–Revised (SOGS‐R). Past 12‐month (current) problem gambling was also measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI).FindingsThe SOGS‐R combined current pathological and problem gambling prevalence rate (PR) was 2.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.8–2.4] at baseline and 1.7 (1.4–2.0) at follow‐up, approximately half the corresponding life‐time estimates.[Correction added on 22 Dec 2017, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the SOGS‐R combined current pathological and problem gambling prevalence rate (PR) was incorrectly reported as being double the corresponding life‐time rate. It has been corrected in this version.] PGSI combined current problem and moderate‐risk gambling PRs were 2.2 (1.9–2.5) at baseline and 1.9 (1.6–2.2) at follow‐up. Combined incidence rates (IRs) were 1.0 (0.8–1.3) (SOGS‐R) and 1.4 (1.1–1.7) (PGSI), with more than three‐quarters being new cases. While first‐time IRs did not vary by gender, males had a higher relapse IR and proportionately more females were new cases. The young adult IR was more than double the older adult IR; similar proportions were new cases.ConclusionsThe actual incidence of problem gambling relapse in Sweden is likely to be higher than estimated. The profile of problem gambling in Sweden is likely to change over time, with increased proportions of women and older adults.
Efficacy of a web‐based intervention with and without guidance for employees with risky drinking: results of a three‐arm randomized controlled trial
Authors: Boß Leif , Lehr Dirk , Schaub Michael Patrick , Paz Castro Raquel , Riper Heleen , Berking Matthias , Ebert David Daniel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsTo test the efficacy of a web‐based alcohol intervention with and without guidance.DesignThree parallel groups with primary end‐point after 6 weeks.SettingOpen recruitment in the German working population.ParticipantsAdults (178 males/256 females, mean age 47 years) consuming at least 21/14 weekly standard units of alcohol (SUA) and scoring ≥ 8/6 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.InterventionFive web‐based modules including personalized normative feedback, motivational interviewing, goal setting, problem‐solving and emotion regulation during 5 weeks. One intervention group received an unguided self‐help version (n=146) and the second received additional adherence‐focused guidance by eCoaches (n=144). Controls were on a waiting list with full access to usual care (n=144).MeasurementsPrimary outcome was weekly consumed SUA after 6 weeks. SUA after 6 months was examined as secondary outcome, next to numbers of participants drinking within the low‐risk range, and general and work‐specific mental health measures.FindingsAll groups showed reductions of mean weekly SUA after 6 weeks (unguided: −8.0; guided: −8.5; control: −3.2). There was no significant difference between the unguided and guided intervention (P=0.324). Participants in the combined intervention group reported significantly fewer SUA than controls [B=−4.85, 95% confidence interval (CI)=−7.02 to −2.68, P < 0.001]. The intervention groups also showed significant reductions in SUA consumption after 6 months (B=−5.72, 95% CI=−7.71 to −3.73, P < 0.001) and improvements regarding general and work‐related mental health outcomes after 6 weeks and 6 months.ConclusionsA web‐based alcohol intervention, administered with or without personal guidance, significantly reduced mean weekly alcohol consumption and improved mental health and work‐related outcomes in the German working population.
Cost‐effectiveness of personal tailored risk information and taster sessions to increase the uptake of the NHS stop smoking services: the Start2quit randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wu Qi , Gilbert Hazel , Nazareth Irwin , Sutton Stephen , Morris Richard , Petersen Irene , Galton Simon , Parrott Steve 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsTo assess the cost‐effectiveness of a two‐component intervention designed to increase attendance at the NHS Stop Smoking Services (SSSs) in England.DesignCost‐effectiveness analysis alongside a randomized controlled trial (Start2quit).SettingNHS SSS and general practices in England.ParticipantsThe study comprised 4384 smokers aged 16 years or more identified from medical records in 99 participating practices, who were motivated to quit and had not attended the SSS in the previous 12 months.Intervention and comparatorIntervention was a personalized and tailored letter sent from the general practitioner (GP) and a personal invitation and appointment to attend a taster session providing information about SSS. Control was a standard generic letter from the GP advertising SSS and asking smokers to contact the service to make an appointment.MeasurementsCosts measured from an NHS/personal social services perspective, estimated health gains in quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) measured with EQ‐5D and incremental cost per QALY gained during both 6 months and a life‐time horizon.FindingsDuring the trial period, the adjusted mean difference in costs was £92 [95% confidence interval (CI) = –£32 to –£216) and the adjusted mean difference in QALY gains was 0.002 (95% CI = –0.001 to 0.004). This generates an incremental cost per QALY gained of £59 401. The probability that the tailored letter and taster session is more cost‐effective than the generic letter at 6 months is never above 50%. In contrast, the discounted life‐time health‐care cost was lower in the intervention group, while the life‐time QALY gains were significantly higher. The probability that the intervention is more cost‐effective is more than 83% using a £20 000–30 000 per QALY‐gained decision‐making threshold.ConclusionsAn intervention designed to increase attendance at the NHS Stop Smoking Services (tailored letter and taster session in the services) appears less likely to be cost‐effective than a generic letter in the short term, but is likely to become more cost‐effective than the generic letter during the long term.
Risk factors for asthma after infant bronchiolitis
Authors: Törmänen S. , Lauhkonen E. , Riikonen R. , Koponen P. , Huhtala H. , Helminen M. , Korppi M. , Nuolivirta K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundFive studies carried out after bronchiolitis at less than 24 months of age, with a follow‐up of more than 10 years, reported that atopic dermatitis, family asthma, early‐life exposure to tobacco smoke and rhinovirus aetiology were early‐life risk factors for later asthma. This study evaluated the long‐term outcome at 11‐13 years of age of children who were hospitalized for bronchiolitis in early infancy.MethodsWe previously prospectively followed 166 children hospitalized for bronchiolitis at less than 6 months of age until 5‐7 years of age. The current study included a structured questionnaire, parental interviews, clinical examinations and bronchodilation test of 138 of those children at 11‐13 years of age.ResultsRespiratory syncytial virus caused 66% of the bronchiolitis cases, and nearly half of the patients were exposed to tobacco smoke in early life. Doctor‐diagnosed asthma was present in 13% of the former bronchiolitis patients at 11‐13 years of age. Maternal asthma was the only independently significant risk factor in early life (adjusted OR 3.45, 95% CI 1.07‐11.74), as was allergic rhinitis at 5‐7 years of age (adjusted OR 4.06, 95% CI 1.35‐12.25).ConclusionsAfter bronchiolitis at less than 6 months of age, the risk of doctor‐diagnosed asthma at 11‐13 years was about twice that of the general Finnish population. Maternal asthma was the only independently significant early‐life risk factor for current asthma at 11‐13 years of age.
A systematic review of the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative atrial fibrillation following general surgery
Authors: Chebbout R. , Heywood E. G. , Drake T. M. , Wild J. R. L. , Lee J. , Wilson M. , Lee M. J. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAtrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia and can occur de novo following a surgical procedure. It is associated with increased inpatient and long‐term mortality. There is limited evidence concerning new‐onset atrial fibrillation following abdominal surgery. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for postoperative atrial fibrillation in the general surgical population. A systematic search of the Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane (CENTRAL) databases was conducted. Studies were included in the review if they reported cases of new‐onset atrial fibrillation within 30 days of the index operation. Results were evaluated qualitatively due to substantial clinical heterogeneity. Incidence rates were pooled using a weighted random‐effects meta‐analysis model. A total of 835 records were initially identified, from which 32 full texts were retrieved. Following review, 13 studies were included that involved 52,959 patients, of whom 10.94% (95%CI 7.22–15.33) developed atrial fibrillation. Five studies of patients undergoing oesophagectomy (n = 376/1923) had a weighted average rate of 17.66% (95%CI 12.16–21.47), compared with 7.63% (95%CI 4.39–11.98) from eight studies of non‐oesophageal surgery (n = 2927/51,036). Identified risk factors included: increasing age; history of cardiac disease; postoperative complications, particularly, sepsis, pneumonia and pleural effusions. New‐onset postoperative atrial fibrillation is common, and is more frequent after surgery involving the thorax. Future work should focus on stratifying risk to allow targeted prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation and other peri‐operative complications.
Monitoring foveal sparing in geographic atrophy with fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy – a novel approach
Authors: Sauer Lydia , Klemm Matthias , Peters Sven , Schweitzer Dietrich , Schmidt Johanna , Kreilkamp Lukas , Ramm Lisa , Meller Daniel , Hammer Martin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo investigate fundus autofluorescence (FAF) lifetimes in geographic atrophy (GA) with a focus on macular pigment (MP) and foveal sparing.MethodsThe study included 35 eyes from 28 patients (mean age 79.2 ± 8.0 years) with GA. A 30° retinal field, centred at the macula, was investigated using fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO). The FLIO technology is based on a Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis system. Decays of FAF were detected in a short (498–560 nm, SSC) and long (560–720 nm, LSC) spectral channel. The mean fluorescence lifetime, τm, was calculated from a three‐exponential approximation of the FAF decays. Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans as well as fundus photography were recorded.ResultsReview of FLIO data reveals specific patterns of significantly prolonged τm in regions of GA (SSC 616 ± 343 ps, LSC 615 ± 154 ps) as compared to non‐atrophic regions. Large τm differences between the fovea and atrophic areas correlate with better visual acuity (VA). Shorter τm at the fovea than within other non‐atrophic regions indicates sparing, which was identified in 16 eyes. Seventy per cent of patients treated with lutein supplementation showed foveal sparing, whereas the rate among non‐supplemented patients was 22%.ConclusionUsing FLIO, we present a novel way to detect foveal sparing, investigate MP, and analyse variability of τm in different foveal regions (including the prognostic valuable border region) in GA. These findings support the potential utility of FLIO in monitoring disease progression. The findings also highlight the possibly protective effect of lutein supplementation, with implication in recording the presence and distributional pattern of MP.
BRAF V600E, TERT promoter mutations and CDKN2A/B homozygous deletions are frequent in epithelioid glioblastomas: a histological and molecular analysis focusing on intratumoral heterogeneity
Authors: Nakajima Nozomi , Nobusawa Sumihito , Nakata Satoshi , Nakada Mitsutoshi , Yamazaki Tatsuya , Matsumura Nozomi , Harada Kenichi , Matsuda Hadzki , Funata Nobuaki , Nagai Shoichi , Nakamura Hideo , Sasaki Atsushi , Akimoto Jiro , Hirato Junko , Yokoo Hideaki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEpithelioid glioblastoma (E‐GBM) is a rare aggressive variant of IDH‐wildtype glioblastoma newly recognized in the 2016 World Health Organization classification, composed predominantly of monotonous, patternless sheets of round cells with laterally positioned nuclei and plump eosinophilic cytoplasm. Approximately 50% of E‐GBM harbor BRAF V600E, which is much less frequently found in other types of glioblastomas. Most E‐GBM are recognized as primary/de novo lesions; however, several E‐GBM with co‐ or pre‐existing lower‐grade lesions have been reported. To better understand associations between E‐GBM and the lower‐grade lesions, we undertook a histological and molecular analysis of 14 E‐GBM, 10 of which exhibited lower‐grade glioma‐like components (8 E‐GBM with co‐existing diffuse glioma‐like components, 1 E‐GBM with a co‐existing PXA‐like component and 1 E‐GBM with a pre‐existing PXA). Molecular results demonstrated that the prevalence of BRAF V600E, TERT promoter mutations and CDKN2A/B homozygous deletions in E‐GBM were 13/14 (93%), 10/14 (71%) and 11/14 (79%), respectively, and concurrent BRAF V600E, TERT promoter mutations and CDKN2A/B homozygous deletions were observed in 7/14 (50%) of E‐GBM. These alterations were also frequently seen in the lower‐grade lesions irrespective of the histology. Genetic analysis including array comparative genomic hybridization performed for 5 E‐GBM with co‐ and pre‐existing lower‐grade components revealed that all molecular changes found in the lower‐grade components were also observed in the E‐GBM components, and additional changes were detected in the E‐GBM components. In conclusion, E‐GBM frequently exhibit BRAF V600E, TERT promoter mutations and CDKN2A/B homozygous deletions and these alterations tend to coexist in E‐GBM. Taken together with the facts that only one PXA preceded E‐GBM among these lower‐grade lesions, and that co‐occurrence of BRAF V600E, TERT promoter mutations and CDKN2A/B homozygous deletions have been reported to be rare in conventional lower‐grade diffuse gliomas, the diffuse glioma‐like components may be distinct infiltrative components of E‐GBM, reflecting intratumoral heterogeneity.
Activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells by apoptotic particles – mechanism for the loss of immunological tolerance in Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Ainola M , Porola P , Takakubo Y , Przybyla B , Kouri V P , Tolvanen T A , Hänninen A , Nordström D C 
Published: November 2017

Summary
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a common autoimmune disease targeting salivary and lacrimal glands. It is strongly female-dominant, characterized by low oestrogen levels combined with a local intracrine dihydrotestosterone defect. We hypothesized that these hormonal deficits lead to increased apoptosis of the epithelial cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC)-mediated proinflammatory host responses. Expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-7 and -9 and cytokine profiles was studied in pDCs treated with apoptotic particles collected in consecutive centrifugation steps of media from apoptotic cells. Expression and localization of SS autoantigens in these particles was also analysed. Furthermore, the effects of sex steroids were studied in pDCs cultured with several concentrations of dihydrotestosterone and 17-β-oestradiol, and in saliva of patient treated with dehydroepiandrosterone. Apoptosis of the epithelial cells led to cleavage and translocation of SS-autoantigens, α-fodrin and SS-A, into apoptotic particles. The apoptosis-induced apoptotic particles also contained another SS-autoantigen, hy1-RNA. These particles were internalized by pDCs in a size-dependent manner and affected TLR-7 and -9 expression and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The analysed androgens protected cells from apoptosis, influenced redistribution of autoantigens and diminished the apoptotic particle-stimulated increase of the TLRs in pDCs. Our findings suggest that the formation of apoptotic particles may play a role in loss of immune tolerance, manifested by production of autoantibodies and the onset of autoinflammation in SS.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to unclean continuous positive airway pressure equipment
Authors: Chang Hsu‐Chao , Lan Chou‐Chin , Wu Yao‐Kuang , Su Wen‐Lin , Yang Mei‐Chen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHypersensitivity pneumonitis is a potentially fatal immunological lung disease caused by occupational or environmental exposure to specific antigens. Here, we report on an obstructive sleep apnea patient whose hypersensitivity pneumonitis was aggravated because of the use of unclean continuous positive airway pressure equipment. This report shows that careful history taking is important when diagnosing hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Sleep specialists should be aware of the risks related to unclean continuous positive airway pressure equipment use, and obstructive sleep apnea patients should be instructed and monitored in the regular cleaning of their equipment.
Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration with the flexible 19‐gauge needle
Authors: Trisolini Rocco , Natali Filippo , Ferrari Marco , Livi Vanina , Paioli Daniela , Romagnoli Micaela , Cancellieri Alessandra 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesEndosonography has become standard of care in the diagnostic work‐up of mediastinal lymphadenopathy and peribronchial lung lesions, but its success rate in some specific settings/conditions may be hampered by limited needle flexibility and size. We report on our initial experience with the 19G Flex needle, characterized by larger size and greater flexibility as compared with the currently available cytology needles.MethodsRetrospective review of prospectively collected data on the first 13 consecutive patients submitted to endosonography with the 19G Flex needle. Patients were included if they had: (a) suspicion of a histologically complex disease (ie, lymphoma); (b) suspicion of an advanced lung cancer possibly requiring extensive genotyping; (c) a lesion whose sampling with a 22G needle had failed because of lack of visibility when the needle was loaded into the scope.ResultsThe 13 patients enrolled had a mean age of 58.15 ± 17 years and a male to female ratio of 8:5. Target lesions (mean size 18.6 ± 6.4 mm) were lymphadenopathies (9 patients), lung lesions (3 patients) and a pleural nodule (1 patient). Histology core/s and a definite diagnosis (adenocarcinoma, 4 cases; lymphoma, 2; mesothelioma, 2, metastases from extrathoracic tumors, 2; non‐small‐cell lung cancer not otherwise specifiable, 1; small cell carcinoma, 1; sarcoidosis, 1) were obtained in 100% of patients. A single case of self‐resolving bleeding was the only complication we observed.ConclusionsPreliminary results obtained with the dedicated Flex 19G needle are promising, as sample size/quality is satisfactory and the needle influence on scope flexibility is minimal.