bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo Whole‐Genome Assembly of the 10‐Gigabase Fokienia Hodginsii Genome to Reveal Differential Epigenetic Events Between Callus and Xylem
Authors: Rong Jundong , Zheng Yushan , Zhang Zeyu , Zhang Jun , Gu Yuying , Hua Tian , Zhao Mengna , Fan Lili , Deng Zhiwen , Pan Yanmei , Li Bingjun , Chen Liguang , He Tianyou , Chen Lingyan , Ye Jing , Zhang Hangxiao , Gu Lianfeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFokienia hodginsii (F. hodginsii), belonging to the genus Fokienia of the Cupressaceae. F. hodginsii has significant application value due to its wood properties and great research value in evolutionary studies as a gymnosperm. However, the genome of F. hodginsii remains unknown due to the large size of gymnosperms genome. Pacific Bioscience sequencing, Hi‐C mapping, whole‐genome Bisulfite Sequencing (BS‐Seq), long‐read isoform sequencing (Iso‐Seq), direct RNA sequencing (DRS), quantitative proteomics, and metabonomics analysis are employed to facilitate genome assembly, gene annotation, and investigation into epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, the 10G F. hodginsii genome is assembled into 11 chromosomes. Furthermore, 50 521 protein‐coding genes are annotated and determined that 65% of F. hodginsii genome comprises repetitive sequences. It is discovered that transposable element (TE)‐including introns is associated with higher expression. The DNA methylome of F. hodginsii reveals that xylem has a higher DNA methylation level compared to callus. Moreover, DRS reveals the significant alterations in RNA full‐length ratio, which potentially associated with poly(A) length (PAL) and alternative polyadenylation (APA). Finally, the morphology measurement and metabonomics analysis revealed the difference of 14 cultivars. In summary, the genomes and epigenetics datasets provide a molecular basis for callus formation in the gymnosperm family.
Toward Analysis at the Point of Need: A Digital Microfluidic Approach to Processing Multi‐Source Sexual Assault Samples
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed , Bodo Leticia , Gaoiran Christine , Keuhnelian Palig , Dosajh Advikaa , Luk Vivienne , Schwandt Melissa , French Julie L. , Ghosh Alpana , Erickson Barbara , Charlesworth Amanda G. , Millman Jonathan , Wheeler Aaron R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractForensic case samples collected in sexual assaults typically contain DNA from multiple sources, which complicates short‐tandem repeat (STR) profiling. These samples are typically sent to a laboratory to separate the DNA from sperm and non‐sperm sources prior to analysis. Here, the automation and miniaturization of these steps using digital microfluidics (DMF) is reported, which may eventually enable processing sexual assault samples outside of the laboratory, at the point of need. When applied to vaginal swab samples collected up to 12 h post‐coitus (PC), the new method identifies single‐source (male) STR profiles. When applied to samples collected 24–72 h PC, the method identifies mixed STR profiles, suggesting room for improvement and/or potential for data deconvolution. In sum, an automated, miniaturized sample pre‐processing method for separating the DNA contained in sexual assault samples is demonstrated. This type of automated processing using DMF, especially when combined with Rapid DNA Analysis, has the potential to be used for processing of sexual assault samples in hospitals, police offices, and other locations outside of the laboratory.
A Single‐Cell Metabolic Profiling Characterizes Human Aging via SlipChip‐SERS
Authors: Liu Fugang , Liu Jiaqing , Luo Yang , Wu Siyi , Liu Xu , Chen Haoran , Luo Zhewen , Yuan Haitao , Shen Feng , Zhu Fangfang , Ye Jian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetabolic dysregulation is a key driver of cellular senescence, contributing to the progression of systemic aging. The heterogeneity of senescent cells and their metabolic shifts are complex and unexplored. A microfluidic SlipChip integrated with surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), termed SlipChip‐SERS, is developed for single‐cell metabolism analysis. This SlipChip‐SERS enables compartmentalization of single cells, parallel delivery of saponin and nanoparticles to release intracellular metabolites and to realize SERS detection with simple slipping operations. Analysis of different cancer cell lines using SlipChip‐SERS demonstrated its capability for sensitive and multiplexed metabolic profiling of individual cells. When applied to human primary fibroblasts of different ages, it identified 12 differential metabolites, with spermine validated as a potent inducer of cellular senescence. Prolonged exposure to spermine can induce a classic senescence phenotype, such as increased senescence‐associated β‐glactosidase activity, elevated expression of senescence‐related genes and reduced LMNB1 levels. Additionally, the senescence‐inducing capacity of spermine in HUVECs and WRL‐68 cells is confirmed, and exogenous spermine treatment increased the accumulation and release of H2O2. Overall, a novel SlipChip‐SERS system is developed for single‐cell metabolic analysis, revealing spermine as a potential inducer of senescence across multiple cell types, which may offer new strategies for addressing ageing and ageing‐related diseases.
Generated White Light Having Adaptable Chromaticity and Emission, Using Spectrally Reconfigurable Microcavities
Authors: Barman Barun Kumar , Hernández‐Pinilla David , Cretu Ovidiu , Kikkawa Jun , Kimoto Koji , Nagao Tadaaki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetal‐free, luminescent, carbogenic nanomaterials (LCNMs) constitute a novel class of optical materials with low environmental impact. LCNMs, e.g., carbon dots (CDs), graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), and carbonized polymer microspheres (CPM) show strong blue/cyan emissions, but rather weak yellow/red emission. This has been a serious drawback in applying them to light‐emitting and bio‐imaging applications. Here, by integrating single‐component LCNMs in photonic microcavities, the study spectroscopically engineers the coupling between photonic modes in these microcavities and optical transitions to “reconfigure” the emission spectra of these luminescent materials. Resonant photons are confined in the microcavity, which allows selective re‐excitation of phosphors to effectively emit down‐converted photons. The down‐converted photons re‐excite the phosphors and are multiply recycled, leading to enhanced yellow/red emissions and resulting in white‐light emission (WLE). Furthermore, by adjusting photonic stop bands of microcavity components, color adaptable (cool, pure, and warm) WLE is flexibly generated, which precisely follows the black‐body Planckian locus in the chromaticity diagram. The proposed approach offers practical low‐cost chromaticity‐adjustable WLE from single‐component, luminescent materials without any chemical or surface modification, or elaborate machinery and processing, paving the way for practical WLE devices.
Electro‐Driven Multi‐Enzymatic Cascade Conversion of CO2 to Ethylene Glycol in Nano‐Reactor
Authors: Luan Likun , Zhang Yingfang , Ji Xiuling , Guo Boxia , Song Shaoyu , Huang Yuhong , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMulti‐enzymatic cascade reaction provides a new avenue for C─C coupling directly from CO2 under mild conditions. In this study, a new pathway with four enzymes including formate dehydrogenase (PaFDH), formaldehyde dehydrogenase (BmFADH), glycolaldehyde synthase (PpGALS), and alcohol dehydrogenase (GoADH) is developed for directly converting CO2 gas molecules to ethylene glycol (EG) in vitro. A rhodium‐based NADH regeneration electrode is constructed to continuously provide the proton and electron of this multi‐enzymatic cascade reaction. The prepared electrode can reach the Faradaic Efficiency (FE) of 82.9% at −0.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and the NADH productivity of 0.737 mM h−1. Shortening the reaction path is crucial for multi‐enzymatic cascade reactions. Here, a hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) nano‐reactor is successfully developed to immobilize four enzymes in one pot with a striking enzyme loading capacity (990 mg enzyme g−1 material). Through integrating and optimization of NADH electro‐regeneration and enzymatic catalysis in one pot, 0.15 mM EG is achieved with an average conversion rate of 7.15 × 10−7 mmol CO2 min−1 mg−1 enzymes in 6 h. These results shed light on electro‐driven multi‐enzymatic cascade conversion of C─C coupling from CO2 in the nano‐reactor.
Near‐room‐temperature π‐conjugated nematic liquid crystals in molecules with a flexible seven‐membered ring structure
Authors: Iwai Riki , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Arakawa Yuki , Sasaki Shunsuke , Iida Yuuto , Igawa Kazunobu , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Suzuki Satoshi , Tokita Masatoshi , Watanabe Junji , Konishi Gen‐ichi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNematic liquid crystals (NLCs), that is, fluids with optical anisotropy as well as electric‐ and magnetic‐field responsiveness, have been widely used in commercial liquid crystal displays. Recent advancements have extended the scope of NLC molecules to large calamitic π‐conjugated systems, which heralds prospects for novel applications that exploit their superior electronic or optical functionalities in, for example, electric field controlled fluorescence switch devices. However, NLC phases of such extended π‐systems usually flow only at high temperatures, which hampers device applications that operate around room temperature. Here, we show near‐room‐temperature NLCs of a π‐conjugated fluorophore by introducing a flexible cyclic structure into the mesogenic core. 3,8‐Bis(4‐propylphenyl)‐6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐benzo[7]annulene (DPB[7]‐C3) has a nematic phase in a significantly lower temperature range (52.6–160.4°C) than the DPB[7]‐C3 analog without flexible alkylene bridges, (E)‐4‐propyl‐4′‐(4‐propylstyryl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (248–262°C). We attribute this large decrease in the phase transition temperature to large intramolecular conformational entropies that arise from the geometric change of the cyclic structure, which involves rotational motion of single biaryl‐bonds and bending motions along the long molecular axis in the thermal equilibrium state. The practical utility of these NLC molecules is demonstrated by preparing an electric‐field‐responsive large‐area fluorescent switch device with a sub‐millisecond response time from a mixture of 3,8‐bis(4‐alkylphenyl)‐6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐benzo[7]annulenes (DPB[7]‐Cns).
Spin‐coating fabrication of high‐yield and uniform organic thin‐film transistors via a primer template growth
Authors: Yang Zhenxin , Su Jiale , Wang Junzhan , Li Xuanhe , Li Fushun , Hu Juntao , Chen Nan , Tao Zhang , Yang Delong , Wang Deng‐Ke , Zhu Qiang , Liao Yuhui , Lu Zheng‐Hong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSolution coating of organic semiconductors offers great potential for achieving low‐cost and high‐throughput manufacturing of large‐area and flexible electronics. However, the solution processability of semiconducting small molecules for fabricating uniform and reliable thin‐film devices poses challenges due to the low viscosities of small‐molecule solutions. Here, we report a universal approach employing a primer template (PT) to enhance the spreadability of small‐molecule solutions on silicon wafers, enabling the spin‐coating fabrication of uniform thin films composed of millimeter‐scale grains with complete large‐area coverage and well‐ordered molecular packing. Using PT, we fabricated organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) using solutions containing various small molecules such as rubrene and 2‐decyl‐7‐phenyl‐[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene. The device yield of all fabricated OTFTs is consistently 100% while achieving a high average mobility of 1.62 cm2 V−1 s−1 with a device‐to‐device variation of 7.7% measured in ambient air condition. In addition, the utilization of PT resulted in a batch‐to‐batch variation of 12.5% in device performance over dozens of OTFT devices. The key industrial manufacturing metrics, such as device yield, reproducibility, and performance uniformity of the PT OTFTs, are among the best for devices fabricated using solution spin‐coating techniques.
Brown Adipose Tissue Activity and Childhood Exposure to Cold Are Associated With Hot Flashes at Menopause
Authors: Sievert Lynnette Leidy , Shreyer Sofiya , Witkowski Sarah , Brown Daniel E. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveHot flashes (HFs) are experienced as sudden sensations of heat. We hypothesized that brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation could increase the likelihood of HFs in winter. The aim of this study was to test whether women with more BAT activity were more likely to experience self‐reported or biometrically measured HFs.MethodsWomen aged 45–55 years (n = 270) participated in face‐to‐face interviews and anthropometric and ambulatory measures. Level of BAT activity was estimated from the difference in supraclavicular skin temperature measured by infrared thermography before and after cooling. Logistic regressions were applied to examine whether bothersome HFs (yes/no) during the past 2 weeks were associated with BAT activity, adjusting for menopausal status, childhood exposure to cold, waist/hip ratio, and self‐reported health. Linear regressions were used to examine the frequency of self‐reported and biometrically measured HFs during the study period and BAT activity, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsMenopausal status, childhood exposure to cold, waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), and self‐reported health were associated with both BAT activity and HFs. After adjusting for potential confounders, an increase in BAT activity almost tripled the likelihood of bothersome HFs (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.26–6.43). In linear regressions, BAT activity was not associated with frequency of subjective or objective HFs during the study period, but childhood exposure to cold was associated with subjective HF report (β = 0.163, p = 0.010).ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study of BAT activation and HFs. Our results support a role for BAT activity in HF experience. Therefore, we encourage further examination of the role of BAT, as well as childhood exposure to cold, in HFs.
Guanylate Kinase 1 Deficiency: A Novel and Potentially Treatable Mitochondrial DNA Depletion/Deletions Disease
Authors: Hidalgo‐Gutierrez Agustin , Shintaku Jonathan , Ramon Javier , Barriocanal‐Casado Eliana , Pesini Alba , Saneto Russell P. , Garrabou Gloria , Milisenda Jose Cesar , Matas‐Garcia Ana , Gort Laura , Ugarteburu Olatz , Gu Yue , Koganti Lahari , Wang Tian , Tadesse Saba , Meneri Megi , Sciacco Monica , Wang Shuang , Tanji Kurenai , Horwitz Marshall S. , Dorschner Michael O. , Mansukhani Mahesh , Comi Giacomo Pietro , Ronchi Dario , Marti Ramon , Ribes Antonia , Tort Frederic , Hirano Michio 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion/deletions syndrome (MDDS) comprises a group of diseases caused by primary autosomal defects of mtDNA maintenance. Our objective was to study the etiology of MDDS in 4 patients who lack pathogenic variants in known genetic causes.MethodsWhole exome sequencing of the probands was performed to identify pathogenic variants. We validated the mitochondrial defect by analyzing mtDNA, mitochondrial dNTP pools, respiratory chain activities, and GUK1 activity. To confirm pathogenicity of GUK1 deficiency, we expressed 2 GUK1 isoforms in patient cells.ResultsWe identified biallelic GUK1 pathogenic variants in all 4 probands who presented with ptosis, ophthalmoparesis, and myopathic proximal limb weakness, as well as variable hepatopathy and altered T‐lymphocyte profiles. Muscle biopsies from all probands showed mtDNA depletion, deletions, or both, as well as reduced activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes. GUK1 encodes guanylate kinase, originally identified as a cytosolic enzyme. Long and short isoforms of GUK1 exist. We observed that the long isoform is intramitochondrial and the short is cytosolic. In probands’ fibroblasts, we noted decreased GUK1 activity causing unbalanced mitochondrial dNTP pools and mtDNA depletion in both replicating and quiescent fibroblasts indicating that GUK1 deficiency impairs de novo and salvage nucleotide pathways. Proband fibroblasts treated with deoxyguanosine and/or forodesine, a purine phosphatase inhibitor, ameliorated mtDNA depletion, indicating potential pharmacological therapies.InterpretationPrimary GUK1 deficiency is a new and potentially treatable cause of MDDS. The cytosolic isoform of GUK1 may contribute to the T‐lymphocyte abnormality, which has not been observed in other MDDS disorders. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1209–1224
Medium engineering of lipase‐catalyzed reaction using CO2
Authors: Matsuda Tomoko , Hoang Hai Nam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOne of the most frequently used biocatalysts for organic synthesis is lipase, a triacylglycerol hydrolase, that also catalyzes esterification in non‐aqueous solvents. Various non‐aqueous solvents such as organic solvents, ionic liquids, and pressurized carbon dioxide (CO2) have been employed for lipase‐catalyzed reactions. Notably, pressurized CO2 (supercritical CO2, liquid CO2, CO2‐expanded liquid) serves as a functional green solvent. This review briefly outlines the properties of pressurized CO2 relevant to biocatalysis and provides examples of utilizing pressurized CO2 solvents for efficient synthesis with immobilized lipases.
An insight into the investigation of partition characteristics of flow fields based on chaos fractal theory in a jet impingement–negative‐pressure reactor
Authors: Hu Yuxi , Dong Yingying , Jiang Guangchao , Li Zonghan , Qiu Fachen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe jet impingement–negative‐pressure reactor (JI‐NPR) is a continuous and efficient technology designed to remove ammonia without clogging. Prior research has discovered that the changing movement of a porous jet impinging under negative‐pressure conditions is distinguished by a more pronounced distribution over many regions. This study utilizes the CFD numerical simulation method in conjunction with the MATLAB platform to investigate the fractal characteristics of water phase distribution, velocity, turbulence intensity, vortex amount, and other parameters at various locations. The fractal dimension is employed as a criterion to analyze the chaotic characteristics of this multi‐area distribution phenomenon. The study demonstrates that the effectiveness of deamination removal can be enhanced by quantitatively assessing the complex characteristics in the fluid flow using the chaotic fractal theory, which facilitates the identification of the ideal parameter settings. The optimal deamination effect can be achieved in the reactor when the jet velocity is set to 3.45 m/s and the negative pressure is maintained at 20 400 Pa.
Effect of different alkoxy POSSs on thermal stability and mechanical properties of silicone rubber
Authors: Yang Song , Chen Xiaoyu , Xu Peng , Shi Jianjun , Yao Qi , Li Junning , Zhou Ziping , Chen Guangxin , Li Qifang , Zhou Zheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSix varieties of alkoxy polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) featuring methoxy, ethoxy, n‐propoxy, isopropoxy, n‐butoxy, and n‐hexoxy as terminal groups were synthesized using the direct dehydrogenation condensation method. These POSSs were then incorporated as cross‐linking agents into hydroxy‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HPDMS) to create various formulations of room temperature vulcanized silicone rubbers (RTV SRs), denoted as SRM, SRE, SRP, SRI, SRB, and SRH. The morphology, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the resulting SRs are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and universal tensile testing machine. The findings indicate that the incorporation of POSS into SRs results in significant enhancements in thermal stability and mechanical properties when compared to the control group (TEOS/SR). SRB and SRH exhibit the highest cross‐linking density and tensile strength. Specifically, SRB‐4 demonstrates the highest tensile strength at 2.66 MPa, representing an 8.6‐fold increase compared to TEOS/SR. The maximum decomposition rate temperature of SRP‐4 reaches 527°C and is 194°C higher than TEOS/SR. Because the alkoxy groups with different chain lengths on POSS have different chemical reactivity, they have a great effect on the dispersion of POSS in SRs, which affect the cross‐linking density, tensile strength, and thermal stability.
Enhanced thermal conductivity and electrothermal conversion of epoxy composites through silane‐dopamine modified graphite films
Authors: Li Wen , Kong Lingcheng , Zhang Wei , Zhao Dong , Xin Wenbo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA novel surface modification technique for graphite films (GF) to improve the interface thermal resistance with epoxy resin was presented. By utilizing the self‐polymerization of dopamine (PDA), dopamine micro and nanoparticles were formed on the surface of the GF. Subsequently, the surface of the epoxy resin was functionalized with polydopamine (PDA) through grafting of the silane coupling agent 3‐glycidyl ether oxy‐propyl trimethoxy silane (GOPTS), enabling the introduction of epoxy resin groups onto the surface of the GF. Employing a simple folding technique, a three‐dimensional GF network (3DGF) was constructed, in which modified GF was successfully incorporated into the polymer matrix. The results showed that the 3DGF network further promoted the effective transfer of heat and electrons within the composite, leading to a significant improvement in thermal and electrothermal conversion performance. The prepared 3DGPGF/epoxy resin composite exhibits high thermal conductivity (7.14 W/mK) at a relatively low GF loading (31.9 wt%). Under a voltage of 12 V, the surface temperature of the sample rapidly rises from room temperature to 130°C within 200 s, and can completely melt ice cubes within 60 s. These results indicate that epoxy‐silane‐dopamine‐modified graphite film can be a promising candidate material, and this work provides a promising strategy for designing and manufacturing high‐performance composites with improved thermal properties. The developed method has the potential to be extended to other polymer matrices and fillers, and the prepared composites have enormous potential in various applications.
Boron nitride/expanded graphite heterojunction films for the epoxy composites to enhance the heat dissipation capabilities
Authors: Wu Lu , Jia Guozhi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe integration and portable development of electronic devices urgently require flexible films with high thermal conductivity and insulation to overcome heat accumulation. The layered heterojunction composite films are prepared by the stacking technique for the first time. The morphology, structure composition and thermal stability of heterojunction films are studied. Compared with pure epoxy resin (EP), the heterojunction film still has good thermal stability at 600°C. At the same time, the plane heat conduction network constructed by the expanded graphite (EG) plane of the heterojunction film enables the film to dissipate heat effectively. In the simulation process of actual heat dissipation, the chip surface temperature can be reduced by 10°C. The thermal conductivity of the heterojunction film is 2.49 Wm−1 K−1 when the mass fraction of boron nitride‐ γ aminopropyl triethoxysilane (BN‐KH550) is 50 wt%. Compared with pure epoxy resin, the thermal conductivity is increased by 1464%. The boron nitride (BN) surface resistance of the heterojunction film is large, which can isolate the conductive path of the EG layer and provide effective electrical insulation.