bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of hospital quality of care outcomes in a teaching hospital in Ethiopia: a retrospective database study
Authors: Arega Balew , Mengistu Mekoya , Mersha Amdemeskel , Agunie Asnake 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate hospital mortality rates, readmission rates and length of hospital stay (LOS) among adult medical patients admitted to a teaching hospital in Ethiopia.DesignWe performed a retrospective study using routinely collected electronic data.SettingData were collected from Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College between January 2021 and July 2023.ParticipantsThe analysis included 3499 (4111 admissions) adult medical patients with complete data.Outcome measuresWe used mortality rates, readmission rates and LOS to measure the quality of the outcomes for the top 15 admission diagnoses. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the statistically significant predictors of mortality with p values<0.05 and a 95% CI. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to estimate the failure rate (mortality) of the admitted patients.ResultsThe median age of patients was 50 years and men accounted for 1827 (52.3%) of all admitted cases. Non-communicable diseases accounted for 2537 (72.5%) admissions. In descending order, stroke, 644 (18.29%); heart failure, 640 (18.41%); and severe pneumonia, 422 (12.06%) were the three most common causes of admission. The readmission rate was 25.67% (1056/411), and 61.9% of them were readmitted within 30 days of index discharge. The overall median LOS was 8 days. The median LOSs in the index admission (11 vs 8 days, p value=0.001) of readmitted patients was significantly higher than not readmitted. The in-hospital mortality rate was 438 (12.5%), with the highest number of deaths occurred between days 30 and 50 of admission. The mortality rate is significantly higher among patients with communicable diseases (adjusted HR, 1.64, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.10) and elderly patients (≥65 years) (adjusted HR, 1.79, 95% CI: 1.44, 2.22). Septicemia, chronic liver diseases with complications and HIV with complications were the three common causes of death with a proportional mortality rate of 55.2%, 27.93% and 22.46%, respectively.ConclusionsMortality, median LOSs and readmission rate were comparable to other national and international studies. Multicentre compressive research using these three quality patient outcomes is required to establish national standards and evaluate institutional performance.
Ten-year postintervention follow-up of adolescents participating in the management of overweight and social inequalities (PRALIMAP-INÈS intervention): the PRALIMAP-CINeCO survey protocol
Authors: Legrand Karine , Manneville Florian , Langlois Johanne , Böhme Philip , Dosda Arnaud , Beguinet Mélanie , Briançon Serge , Spitz Elisabeth , Lecomte Edith , Omorou Abdou Y 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThe short-term effectiveness of the PRomotion de l’ALIMentation et de l’Activité Physique–INÈgalités de Santé’ (PRALIMAP-INÈS) intervention to reduce social inequalities in overweight and obesity management among adolescents between 2012 and 2015 was demonstrated. This longitudinal mixed-methods study is a 10-year postintervention follow-up of the PRALIMAP-INÈS intervention with the aim of investigating social, economic, educational and health (especially weight) trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood.Methods and analysisAmong adolescents enrolled in PRALIMAP-INÈS (n=1419), we estimate the number of participants to be 852. Adolescents who were included in the PRALIMAP-INÈS intervention will be contacted 10 years later and invited to participate in a follow-up visit. Participants will self-report their sociodemographic characteristics, body image perceptions, overweight/obesity care pathway, lifestyle and dietary behaviours and attitudes, psychological health and experience of the PRALIMAP-INÈS intervention. A check-up visit will be scheduled by a clinical research nurse to record waist circumference and weight and height for body mass index calculation and to construct the healthcare pathway from adolescence to young adulthood. 40 participants will be invited to participate in a semistructured interview conducted by a sociologist to deepen the understanding of trajectories regarding social aspects that are likely to influence health behaviours in participants.Ethics and disseminationThe PRALIMAP-CINeCO trial was approved by French Persons Protection Committee (no. 2021-A00949-32) and a conformity declaration was made with French National Commission for Data Protection and Liberties. Results will be presented at conferences and published in international peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT05386017; Pre-results
Anti-inflammatory effect of colchicine on organ damage during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery: a study protocol for a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Li Xin , Luo Yuanxi , Cai Xiujuan , Lv Zhikang , Kong Youru , Guo Qiuyong , Zhu Jiawei , Pan Tuo , Wang Dongjin 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThe systemic inflammatory response syndrome during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery can lead to serious postoperative complications and significantly increase the hospital mortality rate. Colchicine, a widely used traditional anti-inflammatory drug, has good clinical value in cardiovascular anti-inflammatory therapy. Our preliminary single-centre study had confirmed the protective value of colchicine in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. For this multicentre investigation, we aim to further validate the anti-inflammatory and organ-protective effects of low-dose colchicine during the perioperative period in a low-risk population.Methods and analysisThis study is a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 768 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery will be enrolled from eight heart centres in China. The participants will be randomly assigned to two groups: the colchicine group will receive low-dose colchicine (0.5 mg once-a-day dosing regimen (QD) orally for 3 days before the surgery and 0.5 mg dosing frequency of every other day (QOD) continuously for 10 days after the surgery), whereas the placebo group will be given starch tablets for the same time and dosage. Primary endpoints are the occurrence of postoperative inflammatory diseases, including postoperative atrial fibrillation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, preoperative myocardial injury and post-pericardiotomy syndrome. Secondary endpoints included laboratory tests on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10, intensive care unit data, APACHE II score, Murray lung injury score, medication-related gastrointestinal reactions, 30-day and 90-day all-cause mortality, surgical data, chest radiograph on postoperative days 1, 2 and 3, and chest CT within 14 days after surgery.Ethics and disseminationThis research has received approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical College (approval number 2023-366-01). The study findings will be made available by publishing them in an open access journal.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06118034).
Combining predictive soil mapping and process models to estimate future carbon sequestration potential under no-till
Authors: Sorenson P.T. , Bedard-Haughn A.K. , St. Luce M. 
Published: September 2024

There is increasing interest in soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration as a climate change mitigation strategy. There is a need to estimate the quantity of SOC sequestered historically due to no-till, and the remaining sequestration potential in Saskatchewan. To answer this question, predictive soil mapping results were linked with the Century model to predict SOC stock change over time to a depth of 20 cm considering three different future climate change scenarios. Climate scenarios included low, moderate, and high amounts of climate change and included estimated changes to monthly minimum, average, and maximum temperature, total monthly precipitation, and average monthly relative humidity at an 800 m × 800 m resolution. Historically, the modelled average SOC gain for Saskatchewan was 2.8 Mg ha−1. Future potential simulated SOC was lower over the next 30 years, with average SOC gains estimated to range from 1.4 to 1.7 Mg ha−1 by 2054 and 2.3 to 3.1 Mg ha−1 by 2100. There is also unequal spatial distribution of SOC stock gain potential, with the northern grain growing regions showing lower future potential. The predicted future gains will be at a lower rate than in the past with carbon sequestration rates dropping from 0.06 to less than 0.02 Mg ha−1 year−1. Additional management practices such as improved residue management and the introduction of crop varieties with increased below ground carbon inputs and more stable residues should be explored to offset the diminishing SOC returns from no-till.
Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Prostate Cancer Requires ASCL1
Authors: Rodarte Kathia E. , Nir Heyman Shaked , Guo Lei , Flores Lydia , Savage Trisha K. , Villarreal Juan , Deng Su , Xu Lin , Shah Rajal B. , Oliver Trudy G. , Johnson Jane E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Most patients with prostate adenocarcinoma develop resistance to therapies targeting the androgen receptor (AR). Consequently, a portion of these patients develop AR-independent neuroendocrine (NE) prostate cancer (NEPC), a rapidly progressing cancer with limited therapies and poor survival outcomes. Current research to understand the progression to NEPC suggests a model of lineage plasticity whereby AR-dependent luminal-like tumors progress toward an AR-independent NEPC state. Genetic analysis of human NEPC identified frequent loss of RB1 and TP53, and the loss of both genes in experimental models mediates the transition to a NE lineage. Transcriptomics studies have shown that lineage transcription factors ASCL1 and NEUROD1 are present in NEPC. In this study, we modeled the progression of prostate adenocarcinoma to NEPC by establishing prostate organoids and subsequently generating subcutaneous allograft tumors from genetically engineered mouse models harboring Cre-induced loss of Rb1 and Trp53 with Myc overexpression (RPM). These tumors were heterogeneous and displayed adenocarcinoma, squamous, and NE features. ASCL1 and NEUROD1 were expressed within NE-defined regions, with ASCL1 being predominant. Genetic loss of Ascl1 in this model did not decrease tumor incidence, growth, or metastasis; however, there was a notable decrease in NE identity and an increase in basal-like identity. This study provides an in vivo model to study progression to NEPC and establishes the requirement for ASCL1 in driving NE differentiation in prostate cancer.
Significance: Modeling lineage transitions in prostate cancer and testing dependencies of lineage transcription factors have therapeutic implications, given the emergence of treatment-resistant, aggressive forms of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
See related commentary by McQuillen and Brady, p. 3499
Myeloid-Specific JAK2 Contributes to Inflammation and Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure
Authors: Saleem Mohammad , Aden Luul A. , Mutchler Ashley L. , Basu Chitra , Ertuglu Lale A. , Sheng Quanhu , Penner Niki , Hemnes Anna R. , Park Jennifer H. , Ishimwe Jeanne A. , Laffer Cheryl L. , Elijovich Fernando , Wanjalla Celestine N. , de la Visitacion Nestor , Kastner Paul D. , Albritton Claude F. , Ahmad Taseer , Haynes Alexandria P. , Yu Justin , Graber Meghan K. , Yasmin Sharia , Wagner Kay-Uwe , Sayeski Peter P. , Hatzopoulos Antonis K. , Gamazon Eric R. , Bick Alexander G. , Kleyman Thomas R. , Kirabo Annet 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP), characterized by acute changes in blood pressure with changes in dietary sodium intake, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality in people with and without hypertension. We previously found that elevated sodium concentration activates antigen-presenting cells (APCs), resulting in high blood pressure, but the mechanisms are unknown. Here, we hypothesized that APC-specific JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) through STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and SMAD3 (small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3) contributes to SSBP.

METHODS:

We performed bulk or single-cell transcriptomic analyses following in vitro monocytes exposed to high salt and in vivo high sodium treatment in humans using a rigorous salt-loading/depletion protocol to phenotype SSBP. We also used a myeloid cell-specific CD11c
+
JAK2 knockout mouse model and measured blood pressure with radiotelemetry after N-omega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester and a high salt diet treatment. We used flow cytometry for immunophenotyping and measuring cytokine levels. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed to spatially visualize the kidney’s immune cells and cytokine levels. Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function.

RESULTS:

We found that high salt treatment upregulates gene expression of the JAK/STAT/SMAD pathway while downregulating inhibitors of this pathway, such as suppression of cytokine signaling and cytokine-inducible SH2, in human monocytes. Expression of the JAK2 pathway genes mirrored changes in blood pressure after salt loading and depletion in salt-sensitive but not salt-resistant humans. Ablation of JAK2, specifically in CD11c
+
APCs, attenuated salt-induced hypertension in mice with SSBP. Mechanistically, we found that SMAD3 acted downstream of JAK2 and STAT3, leading to increased production of highly reactive isolevuglandins and proinflammatory cytokine IL (interleukin)-6 in renal APCs, which activate T cells and increase production of IL-17A, IL-6, and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings reveal the APC JAK2 signaling pathway as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of SSBP in humans.
Resilience and Consilience in the Science of Religion(s)
Authors: Accorinti Domenico 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the preface to the recent Festschrift in honor of Armin W. Geertz, the editors state that “in recent years consilience has become a catchword for designating the attempt to increasingly bring the natural and behavioural sciences into closer dialogue with the humanities,” adding that historians of religions and cognitivists need to “engage in conversation with each other, as well as dialogue with colleagues in all neighbouring disciplines.” Should consilience dictate the agenda for future scholarship in the science of religion(s), or should hermeneutics and history still provide resilience against the “scientification of religion?” This review essay aims to contribute to this current debate.
Dying for Palestine: Metonymy, Metaphor, and/or Solidarity
Authors: Alessandrini Anthony 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Through a close reading of several poems by Maḥmūd Darwīsh, this article argues for the critical distinction between the concepts of metaphor and metonymy in Darwīsh’s work, expanding on the claim that in Darwīsh’s poetry, “Palestine endured and became metaphor.” It argues that metonymy, which might be understood as a form of direct replacement, forecloses imaginative possibilities (both poetic and political) in a way that is related to the work of colonial violence. Metaphor, by contrast, represents a form of imaginative work that opens out onto possibilities that are concealed by the literal and is thus structurally similar to the work of solidarity. Metaphor, as deployed by Darwīsh in his poetics, can become a mode of recapturing possibilities from a past that the present has attempted to obliterate. It can thus be read as pointing towards a different sort of future, one that aligns with the struggle for decolonization (more specifically, the decolonization of Palestine). The essay concludes by outlining the critical work that would be receptive to such a poetics as a form of solidarity.
Can We Predict the Predictability of High-Impact Weather Events?
Authors: Coleman Austin , Ancell Brian , Schwartz Craig 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ensemble sensitivity analysis (ESA) offers a computationally inexpensive way to diagnose sources of high-impact forecast feature uncertainty by relating a localized forecast phenomenon of interest (response function) back to early or initial forecast conditions (sensitivity variables). These information-rich diagnostic fields allow us to quantify the predictability characteristics of a specific forecast event. This work harnesses insights from a month-long dataset of ESA applied to convection-allowing model precipitation forecasts in the Central Plains of the United States. Temporally averaged and spatially averaged sensitivity statistics are correlated with a variety of other metrics, such as skill, spread, and mean forecast precipitation accumulation. A high, but imperfect, correlation (0.81) between forecast precipitation and sensitivity is discovered. This quantity confirms the qualitatively known notion that while there is a connection between predictability and event magnitude, a high-end event does not necessarily entail a low-predictability (high-sensitivity) forecast. Flow regimes within this dataset are analyzed to see which patterns lend themselves to high- and low-predictability forecast scenarios. Finally, a novel metric known as the error growth realization (EGR) ratio is introduced. Derived by dividing the two mathematical formulations of ESA, this metric shows preliminary promise as a predictor of forecast skill prior to the onset of a high-impact convective event. In essence, this research exemplifies the potential of ESA beyond its traditional use in case studies. By applying ESA to a broader dataset, we can glean valuable insight into the predictability of high-impact weather events and, in turn, work toward a collective baseline on what constitutes a high- or low-predictability event in the first place.

Significance Statement
Toward a climatological understanding of ensemble sensitivity analysis, we quantified the predictability of convection-allowing ensemble precipitation forecasts over a month-long dataset through ensemble sensitivity metrics. The analysis of flow regimes associated with high- and low-predictability scenarios revealed key forecast characteristics influencing predictability. The two formulations of sensitivity are spatially averaged and divided to create a novel metric known as the error growth realization ratio. This ratio shows potential as a predictor of forecast skill prior to the onset of a forecast precipitation event. These findings highlight the promise provided by advanced applications of ensemble sensitivity analysis beyond traditional case studies and work toward establishing a baseline of what delineates a high- or low-predictability event.
The Live Well intervention: Promoting healthy lifestyles during routine older people’s mental healthcare
Authors: Aquilina Carmelo , Best Lachlan J , Mohsin Mohammed , O’Callaghan Cathy 
Published: September 2024

Objective Lifestyle is an important determinant of health. The Live Well intervention allows mental health clinicians to address lifestyle during routine mental health encounters. Method Clinicians were taught how to encourage consumers to learn more about lifestyle and health; consider their own lifestyle and health using a self-rated health and wellness questionnaire (HAWQ) and helped them decide which out of six health domains (physical, mental and social activity, healthy eating, mental wellbeing and positive thinking) should be improved in small, sustainable steps using a SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and timed) goal-setting template. Results Out of 65 enrolled consumers, 52 completed pre-intervention, 6-week and 12-week post-assessment assessments. There were improvements in all self-rated health domains except for heathy eating. At 12-week, consumers also recorded significant satisfaction with the Live Well program, goal achievement and wellbeing. Clinicians’ feedback was positive about using this intervention with their consumers. Conclusions Live Well is a feasible and effective way to engage consumers on positive lifestyle changes in routine mental health care encounters.
Branched-chain amino acids supplementation induces insulin resistance and pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization via INFGR1/JAK1/STAT1 signal pathway
Authors: Huang Huaying , Chen Heye , Yao Yu , Lou Xueyong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Obesity is a global epidemic, and the low-grade chronic inflammation of adipose tissue in obese individuals can lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are the main source of pro-inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue, making them an important target for therapy. While branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have been strongly linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans, the relationship between BCAA catabolism and adipose tissue inflammation is unclear. This study aims to investigate whether disrupted BCAA catabolism influences the function of adipose tissue macrophages and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue, and to determine the underlying mechanism. This research will help us better understand the role of BCAA catabolism in adipose tissue inflammation, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.

Methods
In vivo, we examined whether the BCAA catabolism in ATMs was altered in high-fat diet-induced obesity mice, and if BCAA supplementation would influence obesity, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue inflammation and ATMs polarization in mice. In vitro, we isolated ATMs from standard chow and high BCAA-fed group mice, using RNA-sequencing to investigate the potential molecular pathway regulated by BCAA accumulation. Finally, we performed targeted gene silence experiment and used immunoblotting assays to verify our findings.

Results
We found that BCAA catabolic enzymes in ATMs were influenced by high-fat diet induced obesity mice, which caused the accumulation of both BCAA and its downstream BCKA. BCAA supplementation will cause obesity and insulin resistance compared to standard chow (STC) group. And high BCAA diet will induce pro-inflammatory cytokines including Interlukin-1beta (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) secretion in adipose tissue as well as promoting ATMs M1 polarization (pro-inflammatory phenotype). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that a high BCAA diet would activate IFNGR1/JAK1/STAT1 pathway, and IFNGR1 specific silence can abolish the effect of BCAA supplementation-induced inflammation and ATMs M1 polarization.

Conclusions
The obesity mice model reveals the catabolism of BCAA was disrupted which will cause the accumulation of BCAA, and high-level BCAA will promote ATMs M1 polarization and increase the pro-inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue which will cause the insulin resistance in further. Therefore, reducing the circulating level of BCAA can be a therapeutic strategy in obesity and insulin resistance patients.