bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal stress and psychological distress preconception: association with offspring atopic eczema at age 12 months
Authors: El‐Heis S. , Crozier S. R. , Healy E. , Robinson S. M. , Harvey N. C. , Cooper C. , Inskip H. M. , Baird J. ,   Southampton Women's Survey Study Group, Godfrey K. M. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundPerinatal maternal stress and low mood have been linked to offspring atopic eczema.ObjectivesTo examine the relation of maternal stress/mood with atopic eczema in the offspring, focusing particularly on stress/psychological distress preconception.MethodsAt recruitment in the UK Southampton Women's Survey, preconception maternal reports of perceived stress in daily living and the effect of stress on health were recorded; in a subsample, psychological distress was assessed (12‐item General Health Questionnaire). Infants were followed up at ages 6 (n = 2956) and 12 (n = 2872) months and atopic eczema ascertained (based on UK Working Party Criteria for the Definition of Atopic Dermatitis). At 6 months post‐partum, mothers were asked if they had experienced symptoms of low mood since childbirth and completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.ResultsPreconception perceived stress affecting health [OR 1.21 (95% CI 1.08–1.35), P = 0.001] and stress in daily living [OR 1.16 (1.03–1.30), P = 0.014] were associated with an increased risk of offspring atopic eczema at age 12 months but not at 6 months, robust to adjustment for potentially confounding variables. Findings were similar for maternal psychological distress preconception. Low maternal mood between delivery and 6 months post‐partum was associated with an increased risk of infantile atopic eczema at age 12 months, but no significant association between post‐natal mood and atopic eczema was seen after taking account of preconception stress.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceOur data provide novel evidence linking maternal stress at preconception to atopic eczema risk, supporting a developmental contribution to the aetiology of atopic eczema and pointing to potentially modifiable influences.
Contiguous gene deletion neighboring TWIST1 identified in a patient with Saethre‐Chotzen syndrome associated with neurodevelopmental delay: Possible contribution of HDAC9
Authors: Shimbo Hiroko , Oyoshi Tatsuki , Kurosawa Kenji 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSaethre‐Chotzen syndrome (SCS) is an autosomal dominant craniosynostotic disorder characterized by coronal synostosis, facial asymmetry, ptosis, and limb abnormalities.Haploinsufficiency of TWIST1, a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor is responsible for SCS. Here, we report a 15‐month‐old male patient with typical clinical features of SCS in addition to developmental delay, which is a rare complication in SCS. He showed a de novo 0.9‐Mb microdeletion in 7p21, in which TWIST1, NPMIP13, FERD3L, TWISTNB, and HDAC9 were included. In comparison with previously reported patients, HDAC9 was suggested to contribute to developmental delay in SCS patients with 7p21 mirodeletions.
Accuracy of a real‐time surgical navigation system for the placement of quad zygomatic implants in the severe atrophic maxilla: A pilot clinical study
Authors: Hung Kuo‐feng , Wang Feng , Wang Hao‐wei , Zhou Wen‐jie , Huang Wei , Wu Yi‐qun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundA real‐time surgical navigation system potentially increases the accuracy when used for quad‐zygomatic implant placement.PurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of a real‐time surgical navigation system when used for quad zygomatic implant placement.Materials and MethodsPatients with severely atrophic maxillae were prospectively recruited. Four trajectories for implants were planned, and zygomatic implants were placed using a real‐time surgical navigation system. The planned‐placed distance deviations at entry (entry deviation）points, exit (exit deviation) points, and angle deviation of axes (angle deviation) were measured on fused operation images. The differences of all the deviations between different groups, classified based on the lengths and locations of implants, were analysed. A P value of < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.ResultsForty zygomatic implants were placed as planned in 10 patients. The entry deviation, exit deviation and angle deviation were 1.35 ± 0.75 mm, 2.15 mm ± 0.95 mm, and 2.05 ± 1.02 degrees, respectively. The differences of all deviations were not significant, irrespective of the lengths (P = .259, .158, and .914, respectively) or locations of the placed implants (P = .698, .072, and .602, respectively).ConclusionA real‐time surgical navigation system used for the placement of quad zygomatic implants demonstrated a high level of accuracy with only minimal planned‐placed deviations, irrespective of the lengths or locations of the implants.
Beehive fences as a multidimensional conflict‐mitigation tool for farmers coexisting with elephants
Authors: King Lucy E. , Lala Fredrick , Nzumu Hesron , Mwambingu Emmanuel , Douglas‐Hamilton Iain 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIncreasing habitat fragmentation and human population growth in Africa has resulted in an escalation in human–elephant conflict between small‐scale farmers and free‐ranging African elephants (Loxodonta Africana). In 2012 Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) implemented the national 10‐year Conservation and Management Strategy for the Elephant in Kenya, which includes an action aimed at testing whether beehive fences can be used to mitigate human–elephant conflict. From 2012 to 2015, we field‐tested the efficacy of beehive fences to protect 10 0.4‐ha farms next to Tsavo East National Park from elephants. We hung a series of beehives every 10 m around the boundary of each farm plot. The hives were linked with strong wire. After an initial pilot test with 2 farms, the remaining 8 of 10 beehive fences also contained 2‐dimensional dummy hives between real beehives to help reduce the cost of the fence. Each trial plot had a neighboring control plot of the same size within the same farm. Of the 131 beehives deployed 88% were occupied at least once during the 3.5‐year trial. Two hundred and fifty‐three elephants, predominantly 20–45 years old entered the community farming area, typically during the crop‐ ripening season. Eighty percent of the elephants that approached the trial farms were kept out of the areas protected by the beehive fences, and elephants that broke a fence were in smaller than average groups. Beehive fences not only kept large groups of elephants from invading the farmland plots but the farmers also benefited socially and financially from the sale of 228 kg of elephant‐friendly honey. As news of the success of the trial spread, a further 12 farmers requested to join the project, bringing the number of beehive fence protected farms to 22 and beehives to 297. This demonstrates positive adoption of beehive fences as a community mitigation tool. Understanding the response of elephants to the beehive fences, the seasonality of crop raiding and fence breaking, and the willingness of the community to engage with the mitigation method will help contribute to future management strategies for this high human–elephant conflict hotspot and other similar areas in Kenya.
Conceptualizing Wise Management Decision‐Making: A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Intezari Ali , Pauleen David J. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the role of wisdom in management decision‐making. In one of the first empirical studies investigating wisdom and management, 37 CEOs, top managers, and senior executives were interviewed about their perspectives on the concept of wisdom in the business context and its role in management decision‐making; the data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. The findings introduce a grounded construct of Wise Management Decision‐making, in which wise decision‐making is understood as an integrated cogni‐emotional, reflective process that accounts for internal and external conditions related to the decision, which is made with the well‐being of the greatest number of stakeholders in mind. The findings both confirm and challenge previous conceptual studies of wisdom and provide a practical approach to wise management decision‐making. The implications of this study are significant as they broaden the view of the practicability of wisdom in management and add greater understanding of the complex nature of decision‐making in the business context. For managers, developing wise decision‐making abilities in situ should be considered an integrated and multidimensional practice, one that can be learned.
Women and agricultural productivity: Reframing the Issues
Authors: Doss Cheryl R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractShould agricultural development programmes target women in order to increase productivity? This article analyzes the challenges in distinguishing women's agricultural productivity from that of men. Most of the literature compares productivity on plots managed by women with those managed by men, ignoring the majority of agricultural households in which men and women are both involved in management and production. The empirical studies which have been carried out provide scant evidence for where the returns to projects may be highest, in terms of who to target. Yet, programmes that do not consider gendered responsibilities, resources and constraints, are unlikely to succeed, either in terms of increasing productivity or benefitting men and women smallholder farmers.
How new is the ‘new’ conditionality? Recipient perspectives on aid, country ownership and policy reform
Authors: Dornan Matthew 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe concept of country ownership is central to international efforts to improve aid effectiveness. At the same time, policy reform in recipient countries continues to be a donor priority, given its potential to both reduce poverty and improve aid effectiveness. How effectively can donors promote reform while not undermining ownership? What role can be played by conditionality, discredited in recent decades but still widely used in altered form and linked to the provision of budget support? This article draws on over 50 in‐depth interviews with recipient country policy‐makers, political leaders and donor officials to explore these questions in three aid‐dependent Small Island Developing States (SIDS) where donors have used budget support to leverage policy reform.
Embracing the complexity of policy processes in sanitation: Insights from India
Authors: Hueso Andrés , Boni Alejandra , Fernández‐Baldor Álvaro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDifferent stakeholders tried participatory approaches to boost progress in rural sanitation in India. The policy processes around these experiences, despite shaping their outcomes, remain a knowledge gap this article addresses. Evidence shows that the interests of the actors involved resulted in the national campaign being focused on construction. Therefore, participatory approaches could only be successfully introduced through networks with political champions at their centre. Moreover, political dynamics determined the success of the different introduction strategies. A better understanding of these policy processes, using analytical frameworks such as the one we propose, will lead to smarter influencing strategies in the sanitation sector.
Host plant effects on the behavioural phenotype of a Chrysomelid
Authors: MÜLLER THORBEN , MÜLLER CAROLINE 
Published: February 2017

1. The food plant quality influences feeding preferences and various life history traits of herbivorous insects. However, the effects of different host plant qualities on the behavioural phenotype have rarely been studied in behavioural ecology, especially in a pest‐crop‐framework.2. Behavioural phenotypes of insects may not only be affected by external environmental factors, such as the host plant quality but are also shaped by internal factors, such as the sex and the age of individuals.3. To study host plant effects on behavioural phenotypes, we reared mustard leaf beetles (Phaedon cochleariae Fabricius) either on their natural host watercress or on the crop cabbage, on which this beetle can be a pest. The behavioural phenotype was characterised twice in the adult lifetime by measuring six behavioural traits tested in distinct contexts.4. Depending on the context, different behavioural traits were specifically affected by the host plant, the sex and/or the age. Beetles fed on cabbage became more active with age. Furthermore, the boldness tested in an unprotected environment context was influenced by the host, with beetles fed on cabbage being bolder, whereas the boldness in a hiding or predator attack context was affected by the age and/or the interaction of host plant × sex.5. In conclusion, beetles fed on the crop cabbage develop a different behavioural phenotype compared to beetles fed on watercress. Previous results showed that beetles reared on cabbage have a higher reproductive output. Thus, beetles fed on the crop potentially express a faster pace‐of‐life.
The use of digital video recorders in pollination biology
Authors: GILPIN AMY‐MARIE , DENHAM ANDREW J. , AYRE DAVID J. 
Published: February 2017

1. Digital video recording (DVR) devices, such as the GoPro Hero, have the potential to greatly benefit pollination ecology, but the advantages of digitally recording pollinator activity over direct human observation have not been formally assessed.2. Two plant taxa, Lavandula angustifolia and Canna ‘sp.’, with differing floral morphology, were used to compare the value of DVR and direct observations in estimating honeybee (Apis mellifera) visitation, flower density and number of flowers visited per foraging bout.3. The two methods yielded identical results when observing the structurally simple L. angustifolia at both high (10.54 ± 0.52 per plant) and low honeybee density (2.24 ± 0.20 per plant). However, DVR underestimated the number of flowers scored in the field of view (28.7 ± 1.8 direct vs. 22.7 ± 0.9 DVR), the number of honeybees observed (5.3 ± 0.8 direct vs. 3.7 ± 0.7 DVR) and the number of flowers visited during foraging bouts (8.3 ± 1.2 direct vs. 5.5 ± 1.0 DVR) on the more complex Canna ‘sp.’4. It is concluded that portable weatherproof DVR devices such as the GoPro Hero are valuable tools for pollination biologists, allowing a single researcher to make simultaneous observations of multiple plants in one or more sites, whilst also allowing the footage to be reviewed. However, DVR devices are limited by their depth and field of view when target plants are large or structurally complex.
Evolutionary restoration potential evaluated through the use of a trait‐linked genetic marker
Authors: Apgar Travis M. , Pearse Devon E. , Palkovacs Eric P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHuman‐driven evolution can impact the ecological role and conservation value of impacted populations. Most evolutionary restoration approaches focus on manipulating gene flow, but an alternative approach is to manipulate the selection regime to restore historical or desired trait values. Here we examined the potential utility of this approach to restore anadromous migratory behavior in coastal California steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations. We evaluated the effects of natural and anthropogenic environmental variables on the observed frequency of alleles at a genomic marker tightly associated with migratory behavior across 39 steelhead populations from across California, USA. We then modeled the potential for evolutionary restoration at sites that have been impacted by anthropogenic barriers. We found that complete barriers such as dams are associated with major reductions in the frequency of anadromy‐associated alleles. The removal of dams is therefore expected to restore anadromy significantly. Interestingly, accumulations of large numbers of partial barriers (passable under at least some flow conditions) were also associated with significant reductions in migratory allele frequencies. Restoration involving the removal of partial barriers could be evaluated alongside dam removal and fishway construction as a cost‐effective tool to restore anadromous fish migrations. Results encourage broader consideration of in situ evolution during the development of habitat restoration projects.
Mode II fracture toughness of two‐part acrylic‐based adhesive in an adhesively bonded joint: end‐notched flexure tests under static loading
Authors: Kim H.‐B. , Naito K. , Oguma H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper focuses on fracture toughness measured using end‐notched flexure tests under Mode II static loading in aluminium alloy (5052‐H34), glass fibre‐reinforced polypropylene matrix composite (GF/PP) and carbon fibre‐reinforced epoxy matrix composite (CF/EP) adherends bonded with DP8005 adhesive. Traction–separation relations are also presented using a cohesive zone model to estimate the fracture toughness under mixed‐mode loading. The experimental results show that the fracture toughness values of the aluminium alloy, GF/PP and CF/EP specimens are 2398, 2474 and 2428 Jm−2, respectively. Fracture surface observations reveal that failure types for the aluminium alloy, GF/PP and CF/EP specimens are mainly cohesive. It can be concluded that Mode II fracture toughness shows a low degree of dependence on the different adherends bonded with an acrylic‐based adhesive when cohesive failures are dominant. By assigning the experimental parameters in the failure criteria, the fracture toughness can be estimated under different mixed modal ratios.
A comparison of two types of ankle supports in men with haemophilia and unilateral ankle pain from arthropathy
Authors: Oleson D. , Fox L. , Nguyen T. , Sochacki P. , McCarthy M. , Adams E. , Recht M. 
Published: February 2017

IntroductionAdults with haemophilia frequently have a painful and disordered gait due to ankle arthropathy.AimThe aim of this study was to determine if pain and gait parameters were affected by the use of different types of ankle bracing.MethodsWe investigated the gait patterns of 17 men with severe haemophilia without bracing, using a fracture boot (FB) and a carbon fibre floor reaction ankle foot orthosis (CF‐AFO). Pain relief was determined in each condition. Gait parameters were measured by means of an electronic, pressure sensitive mat.ResultsBoth brace types relieved pain. Use of a FB altered gait parameters that are associated with movement of the involved and the uninvolved limb during the gait cycle, whereas the use of a CF‐AFO did not affect the gait cycle.ConclusionThis study suggests that pain relief from both types of braces is identical but use of a CF‐AFO does not alter gait patterns.
Cyclic fatigue resistance of a novel rotary file manufactured using controlled memory Ni–Ti technology compared to a file made from M‐wire file
Authors: AlShwaimi E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimTo compare the cyclic fatigue properties of a novel file made using controlled memory Ni–Ti technology with those of files made from M‐wire.MethodologyTwelve files with similar cross‐sectional geometry and tip size from each of the following groups were tested: Proflexendo made from CMT (PE; size 30 0.04; Nexden, Houston, Tx, USA), ProFile Vortex made from M‐wire (PV; size 30 0.04; Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA) and ProTaper Universal made from regular alloy (PU; F3; Dentsply Tulsa Dental). A custom‐made cyclic fatigue device was made to evaluate the total number of cycles to failure for each system. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the fractured surfaces of the fragments. The arithmetic means and standard deviations were calculated for the total number of cycles to failure. One‐way analysis of variance was used to compare the mean cyclic failure amongst the three groups. Post hoc Tukey's test was performed to compare the difference of the means between the groups at a significance level of P < 0.05.ResultsProflexendo had a significantly greater resistance to cyclic fatigue compared to other systems (P < 0.001). Proflexendo files were able to withstand 500% more cycles to fracture when compared to ProFile Vortex files.ConclusionsManufacturing technique had a significant impact on the resistance to cyclic fatigue. Proflexendo files made from controlled memory Ni–Ti technology had the highest number of cycles to failure compared to ProFile Vortex made from M‐wire files with similar taper and tip size.
Survival and periapical health after root canal treatment with carrier‐based root fillings: five‐year retrospective assessment
Authors: Pirani C. , Friedman S. , Gatto M. R. , Iacono F. , Tinarelli V. , Gandolfi M. G. , Prati C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThis retrospective study explored survival and periapical healing outcomes in teeth root filled with Thermafil obturators.MethodologyRoot canals of 213 teeth (94 subjects, mean age 48 ± 13 years), instrumented with a step‐down technique, irrigated with 5% NaOCl and 10% EDTA and filled with Thermafil and AH Plus sealer, were involved in a recall programme. Teeth were retrospectively re‐examined after 5 ± 1 years in a controlled environment. Clinical and radiographic data that were collected included the following: preoperative Periapical Index (PAI) score and signs/symptoms, treatment type, root filling length and presence/absence of voids, restoration type, follow‐up PAI score and signs/symptoms. Teeth were considered ‘healthy’ (PAI ≤ 2, no signs/symptoms) or ‘diseased’ (PAI ≥ 3, signs/symptoms present, retreated, extracted for endodontic reasons). Two PAI‐calibrated examiners assessed outcomes blinded to preoperative status. Bivariate and multilevel analyses were performed at level of patient and tooth (α = 5%).ResultsOf 213 teeth treated, 187 (88%) survived and 26 were extracted, six (3%) for persistent endodontic infection (considered ‘diseased’), and 20 (9%) for root fracture, periodontal disease or coronal fracture (excluded from analysis). Whilst survival was significantly associated with tooth type (P = 0.015), type of treatment (P = 0.012) and pulpal/periapical diagnosis (P = 0.035), none of these variables were substantiated as survival predictors by the multilevel analysis. A total of 164 of 193 teeth (85%) were assessed as ‘healthy’, with significantly higher (chi‐square; P < 0.04) ‘healthy’ rates for teeth with PAI score ≤2 and root fillings of adequate length. Multilevel analysis identified PAI score ≤2 (P = 0.002) as the only predictor of periapical health.ConclusionsIn this 5 ± 1 year retrospective assessment, survival and healing rates after root canal treatment with Thermafil root fillings were comparable to those previously reported for conventional root filling techniques.