bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Accuracy in the Use of Grammatical Terms and Concepts in the Description of the Distinctive Properties of Plains Algonquian Languages
Authors: Corral Esteban Avelino 
Published: October 2017

The subject of this paper was inspired by my collaboration on a project involving the long-term histories of grammatical traditions led by Dr. Philomen Probert at the University of Oxford. Owing to my interest in linguistic typology and the study of the syntax-semantics-pragmatics interface in a number of languages, – especially Native American languages, which differ in many respects from Indo-European languages, –, I have observed that some languages cannot be accurately described if we use the grammatical terms and concepts commonly applied to the analysis of extensively studied languages such as English, Spanish or French, as certain grammatical properties of one language may not be equivalent to those of another and, consequently, require a different treatment. Thus, firstly, by adopting a holistic comparative perspective deriving from all areas of grammar, I aim to reveal the distinctive features that Plains Algonquian languages such as Cheyenne / Tsėhésenėstsestȯtse (Montana and Oklahoma, USA), Blackfoot / Siksiká, Kainai, and Pikani, (Montana, USA; Alberta, Canada), Arapaho / Hinóno´eitíít (Wyoming and Oklahoma, USA), and Gros Ventre / White Clay or Atsina / Aaniiih (Montana, USA) display when compared with Indo-European languages such as English, Spanish, French or German. The subsequent examination of these data will provide examples of terms and concepts that are typically used in traditional grammatical descriptions, but that do not serve to characterize the grammar of these Native American languages accurately. Finally, I will attempt to propose alternative terms and concepts that might describe the distinctive grammatical properties exhibited by these languages more adequately.
Displacement and Overall Conflictual Relations (OCR) as Patterns to Instantiate Academic Conflict in Major Applied Linguistics Textbooks
Authors: Majidzadeh Babak , Hayati A. Majid 
Published: October 2017

Following Giannoni’s classification of the rhetorical strategies for overt (rather than covert) negative evaluation, the current study aimed to investigate lexico-grammatical structures to instantiate Overall Conflictual Relations and Displacement as two major rhetorical strategies to realize Academic Conflict in two distinct corpora of textbooks in applied linguistics specifically taught at MA and PhD levels. Adopting a Mixed-Methods Approach, the study revealed the various lexico-grammatical items that were frequently used to instantiate Displacement and Overall Conflictual Relations. Qualitatively, the emerging patterns and the functions they served were delineated. At the quantitative stage of the approach, the corresponding distributions of the emerging patterns were investigated and recorded. This corpus-based study also found that the two corpora utilized resources for expression of Overall Conflictual Relations with an almost similar distribution; however, there was a statistically significant difference between the MA versus PhD textbooks concerning the use of Displacement. The study found the important functions of the strategies as the ways to put two ideas in opposition to later take side with one at the expense of discarding the other. The study also found that the strategies were among the prominent incentives to construct knowledge in the field.
Pre-operative MRCP: is it necessary before routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy to exclude CBD stone-prospective study in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rao Ganni Bhaskara , Nayak Samir Ranjan , Teja Sepuri Bala Ravi , Palacharla Reshma 
Published: October 2017

Background: Cholelithiasis is a common disease and at present the laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment. The diagnosis of associated common bile duct stone for patients with gallstones is important for prompt surgical decision, treatment efficacy and patient safety. However, whether upper abdominal ultrasound and Liver function test (LFT) is adequate before doing lap cholecystectomy remains controversial. There are different opinions regarding the routine magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) to detect the possible presence of common bile duct (CBD) stones before laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: This study was carried on a total of 106 patients who were admitted and treated for gall stone diseases in the Department of General Surgery, GSL General Hospital over a period of 24 months. After admission all cases were subjected for liver function test, USG abdomen and MRCP. The collected observational data was analyzed.Results: Among the 106 patients, a total of 17cases showed concurrent gallstones and choledocholithiasis, 11 cases choledocholithiasis were revealed by ultrasound examination, while 6 cases of choledocholithiasis were not detected by ultrasound examination but were confirmed by MRCP.Conclusions: CBD stone may be missed even in the presence of deranged liver enzymes or dilated CBD in USG abdomen. Hence for patient safety routine preoperative MRCP examination is recommended before doing laparoscopic cholecystectomy to rule out the likelihood of concomitant CBD stones. The cost-effectiveness of such expensive investigation is to be studied further taking into consideration preventive costs and patient morbidity and mortality.
Splenectomy for haematological diseases: comparison between laparoscopic and open procedures
Authors: Gomaa Emad , Khalil Magdy 
Published: October 2017

Background: In some hematological diseases, the spleen may become enlarged, inflamed and causes destruction of normal blood elements. Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) was first prescribed in 1991 by Delaitre et al and since that date, it gained a steadily increasing worldwide agreement as an option for splenectomy in patients with hematological diseases. It was reported that this can be performed safely and effectively, with lower incidence of morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to compare laparoscopic with open splenectomy as regard its benefits and hazards in haematological diseases.Methods: This prospective study had been conducted in General Surgery Department, Sohag Faculty of Medicine. The study included patients with haematological diseases indicated for elective splenectomy, during the period from January 2015 to June 2017. Twenty patients were included for open surgery (OS) and 20 cases were included for laparoscopic splenectomy (LS).Results: Surgical time was significantly longer in LS than OS group. There was significant correlation between surgical time and splenic size in both groups. Most of the LS patients had been operated upon using the anterior approach (65%). Hospital stay after operation in the LS group was much less than the OS group. Return of off-bed activities, bowel movements, oral intake and drain removal were longer but not significantly different compared to LS figures.Conclusions: Laparoscopic splenectomy for haematological indications can be done safely for the properly selected patients with less blood loss and hospital stay but it requires more operative time as compared to conventional splenectomy.
DIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND ANTHROPOGENIC THREATS IN THE SAMBURU CENTRAL SUB-COUNTY OF KENYA
Authors: Gafna Dikko J. , Dolos Klara , Mahiri Ishmael O , Mahiri Joseph G. , Obando Joy A. 
Published: October 2017

Background: Traditional herbal medicine has been a constant source of substances for curing and preventing a variety of
ailments. Biodiversity of medicinal plants and effects of human activities on availability of traditional herbal medicine have
continuously received just a cursory treatment. This study sought to determine the biodiversity of medicinal plants and
evaluate the effects of human activities on availability of traditional herbal medicine among the Samburu pastoral
community in Kenya.
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire survey was addressed to 195 randomly stratified household respondents in four
villages in Samburu Central Sub-county. Transect walks were carried out in the four villages to determine the diversity of
the medicinal plants. Voucher specimens of the medicinal plant species were deposited at Kenyatta University Herbarium.
Results: The species richness comprised of 19 medicinal plants, majority of which grew in the wild but were threatened by
human activities. 56% of the households reported that fire incidences highly affected availability of traditional herbal
medicine, 50% reported that grazing of livestock moderately affected availability of traditional herbal medicine, 46%
reported that building and construction activities moderately affected availability, while 43% and 40% reported that
firewood collection and growing of crops respectively lowly affected availability of traditional herbal medicine among the
Samburu people.
Conclusion: Most of the Samburu people use traditional herbal medicine. However, majority of the medicinal plants are
threatened by anthropogenic factors. This has led to the continued decline of traditional herbal medicine. There is, therefore
need to adopt management strategies that enhance the conservation of these valuable natural resources.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CAMELLIA OLEIFERA ABEL. ON SILICA-INDUCED PULMONARY FIBROSIS IN RATS
Authors: Tian Shenglan , Liu Xiaoliu , Yang Yang , Lv Yang 
Published: October 2017

Background: Camellia oleifera Abel. belongs to the family Theaceae and genus Camellia. It is commonly cultivated
in southern China. The seeds of C. oleifera have been reported to exhibit a diversity of pharmacological activities
which include, but are not limited to, antioxidant, anti-cancer and antimicrobial. Pulmonary fibrosis is one of lethal
causes of mortality across the globe and accretion of considerable amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lungs
have been implicated in the onset of this disease. Given the known antioxidant activity of C. oleifera seed extract
(CSE), the present study was designed to evaluate the influence of CSE on the silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat
models.
Materials and Methods: Protective effect of CSE was determined in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat models.
Malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroxyproline (HP) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD-2) activity were determined by
standard biochemical assays. Histopathological analysis was carried out by H and E staining. Phyto-constituents of
CSE were identified by LC/MS analysis.
Results: The results of this study indicated that CSE lowered the MDA and hydroxyproline content in silica-treated
rats. Additionally, CSE also caused a significant increase in the expression of SOD-2 leading to scavenging of ROS.
Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining of lung tissue sections revealed that CSE maintained the integrity of
parenchymatous cells of lungs and prevented the development of pulmonary fibrosis. To gain insights about the
phytochemical constituents of CSE, LC/MS analysis was carried out and several antioxidant phenolics and flavonoids
were tentatively identified.
Conclusion: Taken together, we conclude that CSE prevents development of pulmonary fibrosis and the protective
effect of CSE may be due to its ability to induce SOD-2 expression and due to the presence antioxidant phytoconstituents
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SOME CHELATING AGENTS AND ANTIOXIDANTS ON THE BIOHAZARDS PRODUCED FROM WATER POLLUTION BY HEAVY METALS IN WISTAR RATS: BIOLOGICAL, GENETIC AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Baiomy Ahmed A. , Soliman Mohamed Mohamed , Saad Dalia Y. , Hassan Magdy Yassin , Youssef Gehan B. A. 
Published: October 2017

Background: Heavy metals that normally cause problems are mercury (HgCl2) and lead acetate (LA). Chelating
and inhibitor agents are the target to treat and overcome metal toxicity. The current study has been carried out to
evaluate the protective effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and meso 2,3 dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) against
HgCl2 and LA toxicity.
Materials and Methods: Ninety male Wistar rats were divided into nine equal groups. The groups were administered
NAC and/or DMSA in presence or absence of LA (LA; 0.2% in drinking water) or HgCl2 (2 mg/kg BW) for 2
consecutive months. Serum and organs were collected for biochemical, genetic and histopathological changes.
Results: Biochemical results revealed that LA and HgCl2 significantly increased the levels of liver and kidney
biomarkers. Administration of NAC and DMSA considerably improved these altered changes. LA and HgCl2 decreased
serum levels of antioxidants and were ameliorated in NAC and DMSA administered rats. LA and HgCl2 administration
upregulated expression of IL-1β and IL-8 that were normalized by NAC and DMSA. Kidneys of LA and HgCl2 groups
showed intraluminal hyaline casts. Kidneys of DMSA-administrated rats showed mild hydropic degeneration of renal
tubular epithelium in LA and HgCl2 groups. Kidneys of NAC administrated rats showed atrophy of capillary tufts.
Kidneys of LA and HgCl2 administered rats which received DMSA and NAC showed normal glomerular structure.
Liver histopathology showed sever changes that were ameliorated by NAC and DMSA.
Conclusion: Taken together, usage of NAC and DMSA provide significant protection against LA and HgCl2-induced
hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats.
CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER (CAPE) MEDIATED DECREASE IN METASTASIS OF COLON CANCER CELLS: AN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDY
Authors: Wu Weiqiang , Gao Feng , Song Xi Heng, Feng , Zhao Yong , Xu Ming , Zhang Xin , Yang Zengqiang 
Published: October 2017

Background: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a phytochemically active component obtained from honeybee hive
propolis. CAPE has been reported to show antimitogenic, anticancer, and other beneficial medicinal properties. Many of its
activities have been reported to be mediated by inhibiting levels of matrix metalloproteinase, that is, MMP-2 and MMP-9.
We hypothesize the effect of CAPE on the metastasis of colon cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo.
Methods: Cell migration, motility, invasion were evaluated also expression of protein and matrix metalloproteinases
(MMPs) such as MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured in SW-480 cancer cells in vitro. The cells were exposed to Phorbol
12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and were treated with various concentration of CAPE.
Results: The treatment of CAPE caused significant decrease (P
Logging Facies Classification and Permeability Evaluation: Multi-Resolution Graph Based Clustering
Authors: Shi Xinlei , Cui Yunjiang , Guo Xuyang , Yang Hongwei , Chen Rongtao , Li Ting , Li Ruijuan , Wang Ruihong , Wang Jian , Meng Li 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In the process of reservoir parameters evaluation, it is common to use PoroPerm index relationship model to calculate the permeability. Due to the reservoir heterogeneity, the modeling error of this method can be relatively large. The errors in the calculated permeability directly impact the productivity estimation and detailed study of reservoir in the oilfield development and production stage. Therefore, improving the accuracy of the reservoir permeability modeling has been a major challenge in logging research.
In this paper, we propose a new method to improve the accuracy of reservoir permeability modeling using the Multi-Resolution Graph based Clustering. Specifically, we calculate the Neighboring Index (NI) and adapt the graph based multi-resolution clustering algorithm to classify the logging data. The Kernel Representative Index (KRI) is calculated for the clustering results and the optimal logging facies are identified accordingly. Integrating with the information such as well logging data and core thin section image, the correspondence is established between logging facies from the target areas and their lithology. Then, a permeability evaluation model is constructed using the logging facies as the constraints.
The logging facies classification method using Multi-Resolution Graph based Clustering overcomes the shortcomings of traditional clustering algorithm using Graph theory or the k-Nearest Neighbor. The method of this paper can efficiently classify the logging data and identify the optimal facies using the NI and KRI derived from the normalized Euclidian distances of logging data. This method also improves the resolution of the logging facies classification.
Logging facies are comprehensive integrations of reservoir lithology, physical property and pore structure. Proper logging facies classification can show sedimentary environments and reservoir heterogeneity characteristics. Our methods establish a correspondence between the target block well logging data and their lithology through analyzing the logging data combined with core thin section. It can be applied in further and detailed logging study.
Based on the correspondence of logging facies and lithology, we have built different permeability evaluation models under the constraints of logging facies. This model has been successfully applied to evaluate the unconsolidated sandstone permeability in PengLai 25-6 oilfield. Compared with conventional PoroPerm index relationship model, the calculated permeability using our methods has a much higher consistency with the core analysis permeability. The accuracy of permeability evaluation improved significantly and provided reliable permeability parameters for precise estimation of reservoir.
Carbon Monoxide Hazards from Perforating During Plug and Abandonment Operations
Authors: Burky Thomas , Craddock G. G. , Mason Justin , Rios Federico , Harive Kevin 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The detonation of explosives in the wellbore produces hazardous gas; however, these gases are not typically observed in high concentrations at the surface. Recently, during plug and abandonment (P&A) operations, carbon monoxide (CO) from perforation activities was observed in high concentrations. This paper examines these types of operations to determine root causes and mitigation methods.
The anticipated amount of CO produced by detonation is calculated by both the empirical equation and reaction-equilibrium simulation methods for cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX), as well as by the simulation method for cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), hexanitrostilbene (HNS), and 2,6-bis,bis-(pikrylamino)-3,5-dinitropyridine (PYX). The life cycle of this gas from the time of generation through its potential release to the surface is discussed with the intent to reduce its quantity or concentration throughout. Mitigation methods include the incorporation of an oxidizer in the explosive reaction, chemical scavenging in the wellbore, and controlled venting or catalytic conversion at the surface.
Significant quantities of CO are produced by perforating guns, with the proportion increasing for explosives of greater thermal stability until it is the single largest reaction product. During perforation, these gases are usually controlled by gas-handling equipment on the platform; however, the reduced availability of this equipment on the platform at the time of P&A operations is thought to be a contributing factor to the hazard. Another significant factor could be the use of a high circulation rate, which has the effect of increasing the concentration of the gas on the surface. Controlled venting, flaring, and catalytic conversion to carbon dioxide are feasible methods to help mitigate this hazard if conducted in accordance with regulations.
This paper details the life cycle of CO gas generated from perforating activities and discusses how it can be hazardous during P&A operations. In addition, several methods are discussed that can help mitigate this hazard.
Utilizing Managed Pressure Drilling to Overcome Narrow Margins During Liner Running and Cementing Operations
Authors: Gradishar R. , Fancher C. , Ruhl A. , Patil H. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In the past several years, managed pressure drilling (MPD) has developed from an emerging technology to become commonplace in many basins and fields. A joint operator / service company team has employed a technique that applies MPD methodology to cementing applications, increasing the probability of achieving successful primary cement jobs. This technique has been termed managed pressure cementing (MPC). This paper illustrates one of the first instances of successful implementation of MPC to run and cement a liner in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM).
In the GOM over the past 4 years, the operator has incurred an average of 6 days of non-productive time (NPT) per primary cementing job failure to perform remedial cement repairs. In the field where MPC was developed, the previous two wells had experienced 25 days of remedial cementing NPT due to failed primary cementing jobs. In each of these cases, losses during cementing prevented achieving adequate top of cement (TOC). The losses were attributed to the narrow margin between wellbore stability (WBS) and fracture gradient (FG).
This paper focuses on cement placement, which is as important as cement formulation to the success of a cement job. Successful cement placement is a function of controlling equivalent circulating densities (ECD) within the design limits of WBS and FG while ensuring that uncontaminated cement fully sweeps the drilling fluid from the borehole to the designed TOC. The MPC job requires significant planning and processes to accurately model running of the liner, the required fluid displacement program, and the execution of the cementing operations. MPC can reduce the overall well cycle time by eliminating NPT due to remedial cementing.