bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of soil‐hydraulic properties and infiltration timescales in wildfire‐affected soils
Authors: Ebel Brian A. , Moody John A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe collected soil‐hydraulic property data from the literature for wildfire‐affected soils, ash, and unburned soils. These data were used to calculate metrics and timescales of hydrologic response related to infiltration and surface runoff generation. Sorptivity (S) and wetting front potential (Ψf) were significantly different (lower) in burned soils compared with unburned soils, whereas field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) was not significantly different. The magnitude and duration of the influence of capillarity during infiltration was greatly reduced in burned soils, causing faster ponding times in response to rainfall. Ash had large values of S and Kfs but moderate values of Ψf, compared with unburned and burned soils, indicating ash has long ponding times in response to rainfall. The ratio of S2/Kfs was nearly constant (~100 mm) for unburned soils but more variable in burned soils, suggesting that unburned soils have a balance between gravity and capillarity contributions to infiltration that may depend on soil organic matter, whereas in burned soils the gravity contribution to infiltration is greater. Changes in S and Kfs in burned soils act synergistically to reduce infiltration and accelerate and amplify surface runoff generation. Synthesis of these findings identifies three key areas for future research. First, short timescales of capillary influences on infiltration indicate the need for better measurements of infiltration at times less than 1 min to accurately characterize S in burned soils. Second, using parameter values, such as Ψf, from unburned areas could produce substantial errors in hydrologic modeling when used without adjustment for wildfire effects, causing parameter compensation and resulting underestimation of Kfs. Third, more thorough measurement campaigns that capture soil‐structural changes, organic matter impacts, quantitative water repellency trends, and soil‐water content along with soil‐hydraulic properties could drive the development of better techniques for numerically simulating infiltration in burned areas.
Macrophagic control of the response to uropathogenic E. coli infection by regulation of iron retention in an IL‐6‐dependent manner
Authors: Owusu‐Boaitey Nana , Bauckman Kyle A. , Zhang Tingxuan , Mysorekar Indira U. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroductionUropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the causative agent of over 85% of urinary tract infections (UTIs), elaborate a number of siderophores to chelate iron from the host. On the other hand, the host immune imperative is to limit the availability of iron to the bacteria. Little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying this host‐iron‐UPEC interaction. Our objective was to determine whether macrophages, in response to UPEC infection, retain extracellular siderophore‐bound and free iron, thus limiting the ability of UPEC to access iron.MethodsQuantitative PCR, immunoblotting analysis, and gene expression analysis of wild type and IL‐6‐deficient macrophages was performed.ResultsWe found that (1) macrophages upon UPEC infection increased expression of lipocalin 2, a siderophore‐binding molecule, of Dmt1, a molecule that facilitates macrophage uptake of free iron, and of the intracellular iron cargo molecule ferritin, and decreased expression of the iron exporter ferroportin; (2) bladder macrophages regulate expression of genes involved in iron retention upon UPEC infection; (3) IL‐6, a cytokine known to play an important role in regulating host iron homeostasis as well as host defense to UPEC, regulates this process, in part by promoting production of lipocalin 2; and finally, (4) inhibition of IL‐6 signaling genetically and by neutralizing antibodies against the IL‐6 receptor, promoted intra‐macrophagic UPEC growth in the presence of excess iron.ConclusionsTogether, our study suggests that macrophages retain siderophore‐bound and free iron in response to UPEC and IL‐6 signaling is necessary for macrophages to limit the growth of UPEC in the presence of excess iron. IL‐6 signaling and iron regulation is one mechanism by which macrophages may mediate UPEC clearance.
DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS OF INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD DC:0–5: SELECTIVE REVIEWS FROM A NEW NOSOLOGY FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
Authors: Zeanah Charles H. , Carter Alice S. , Cohen Julie , Egger Helen , Gleason Mary Margaret , Keren Miri , Lieberman Alicia , Mulrooney Kathleen , Oser Cindy 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood: Revised Edition (DC:0–5; ZERO TO THREE) is scheduled to be published in 2016. The articles in this section are selective reviews that have been undertaken as part of the process of refining and updating the nosology. They provide the rationales for new disorders, for disorders that had not been included previously in the Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood: Revised Edition (DC:0–3R; ZERO TO THREE, 2005), and for changes in how certain types of disorders are conceptualized.
Effect of polyvinylidene fluoride electrospun fiber orientation on neural stem cell differentiation
Authors: Lins Luanda C. , Wianny Florence , Livi Sebastien , Dehay Colette , Duchet‐Rumeau Jannick , Gérard Jean‐François 
Published: August 2016

AbstractElectrospun polymer piezoelectric fibers can be used in neural tissue engineering (NTE) to mimic the physical, biological, and material properties of the native extracellular matrix. In this work, we have developed scaffolds based on polymer fiber architectures for application in NTE. To study the role of such three‐dimensional scaffolds, a rotating drum collector was used for electrospinning poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF) polymer at various rotation speeds. The morphology, orientation, polymorphism, as well as the mechanical behavior of the nonaligned and aligned fiber‐based architectures were characterized. We have demonstrated that the jet flow and the electrostatic forces generated by electrospinning of PVDF induced local conformation changes which promote the generation of the β‐phase. Fiber anisotropy could be a critical feature for the design of suitable scaffolds for NTEs. We thus assessed the impact of PVDF fiber alignment on the behavior of monkey neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs were seeded on nonaligned and aligned scaffolds and their morphology, adhesion, and differentiation capacities into the neuronal and glial pathways were studied using microscopic techniques. Significant changes in the growth and differentiation capacities of NSCs into neuronal and glial cells as a function of the fiber alignment were evidenced. These results demonstrate that PVDF scaffolds may serve as instructive scaffolds for NSC survival and differentiation, and may be valuable tools for the development of cell‐ and scaffold‐based strategies for neural repair. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2376–2393, 2017.
Clinical Pharmacology of Delafloxacin in Patients With Hepatic Impairment
Authors: Hoover Randall , Marbury Thomas C. , Preston Richard A. , Quintas Megan , Lawrence Laura E. , Paulson Susan K. , Luke David R. , Cammarata Sue K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDelafloxacin is a novel anionic fluoroquinolone with robust activity against Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative, atypical, and anaerobic bacteria, including methicillin‐resistant S aureus. Delafloxacin is currently being studied for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and community‐acquired pneumonia. This was a phase 1, open‐label pharmacokinetic and safety study of a single intravenous dose of 300 mg delafloxacin in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment (Child‐Pugh class A, B, and C, respectively) compared with matched healthy controls. The effects of hepatic impairment were assessed by ANOVA of log‐transformed values for AUC0‐∞, Cmax, and systemic clearance, with hepatic group as a fixed effect. Mean AUC0‐∞ and Cmax in each impairment group were not significantly different from those of the pooled healthy subjects (P > 0.05). The 90% confidence interval (CI) of the percentage ratios of least‐squares means of AUC0‐∞ did not indicate significant differences between the impairment groups and pooled healthy controls: Child‐Pugh class A (mild) 114.4 (CI: 95.6, 137.0), Child‐Pugh class B (moderate) 114.8 (CI: 95.9, 137.4), and Child‐Pugh class C (severe) 115.1 (CI: 96.1, 137.8). A single IV infusion of delafloxacin was generally well tolerated in all treatment groups. The exposure and clearance of delafloxacin in subjects with mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment did not significantly differ from those of pooled, matched healthy subjects. Based on these pharmacokinetic data, dose adjustment of delafloxacin in the presence of hepatic impairment is not needed.
Structural Correlation‐based Outlier Rejection (SCORE) algorithm for arterial spin labeling time series
Authors: Dolui Sudipto , Wang Ze , Shinohara Russell T. , Wolk David A. , Detre John A. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo propose and validate Structural Correlation‐based Outlier REjection (SCORE), a novel algorithm for removal of artifacts arising from outlier control‐label pairs in 2D arterial spin labeling (ASL) data.Materials and MethodsThe proposed method was assessed with respect to other state‐of‐the‐art ASL signal processing approaches using 2D pulsed ASL data obtained with a 3T Siemens scanner from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Longitudinal data from control participants acquired 3 months apart were used to assess within‐subject coefficient of variation (wsCV) based on the assumption that the optimal signal processing strategy will minimize control subject retest variability in Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF). SCORE was further evaluated by determining its sensitivity for distinguishing patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) from controls based on hypoperfusion in predefined regions of interest (ROIs) that are known to be sensitive to AD‐related changes.ResultsSCORE coupled with a preprocessing step to discard a few extreme outliers (combined algorithm referred to as SCORE+) reduced wsCV up to 21% in gray matter and 39% in smaller ROIs compared to the reference algorithms. It also provided an average increase in effect size for patient–control differences of 50% compared to other algorithms in a priori ROIs sensitive to AD‐related changes. This increase was statistically significant (P < 0.05) for the majority of the ROIs and methods as evaluated by permutation tests.ConclusionCBF maps generated with SCORE or SCORE + provide improved retest reliability in control subjects while simultaneously increasing sensitivity to pathological CBF effects between controls and patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016Level of Evidence: 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1786–1797
ADC histogram analysis for adrenal tumor histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient in differentiating adrenal adenoma from pheochromocytoma
Authors: Umanodan Tomokazu , Fukukura Yoshihiko , Kumagae Yuichi , Shindo Toshikazu , Nakajo Masatoyo , Takumi Koji , Nakajo Masanori , Hakamada Hiroto , Umanodan Aya , Yoshiura Takashi 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo determine the diagnostic performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis in diffusion‐weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for differentiating adrenal adenoma from pheochromocytoma.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 52 adrenal tumors (39 adenomas and 13 pheochromocytomas) in 47 patients (21 men, 26 women; mean age, 59.3 years; range, 16–86 years) who underwent DW 3.0T MRI. Histogram parameters of ADC (b‐values of 0 and 200 [ADC200], 0 and 400 [ADC400], and 0 and 800 s/mm2 [ADC800])—mean, variance, coefficient of variation (CV), kurtosis, skewness, and entropy—were compared between adrenal adenomas and pheochromocytomas, using the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the histogram parameters were generated to differentiate adrenal adenomas from pheochromocytomas. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated by using a threshold criterion that would maximize the average of sensitivity and specificity.ResultsVariance and CV of ADC800 were significantly higher in pheochromocytomas than in adrenal adenomas (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). With all b‐value combinations, the entropy of ADC was significantly higher in pheochromocytomas than in adrenal adenomas (all P ≤ 0.001), and showed the highest area under the ROC curve among the ADC histogram parameters for diagnosing adrenal adenomas (ADC200, 0.82; ADC400, 0.87; and ADC800, 0.92), with sensitivity of 84.6% and specificity of 84.6% (cutoff, ≤2.82) with ADC200; sensitivity of 89.7% and specificity of 84.6% (cutoff, ≤2.77) with ADC400; and sensitivity of 94.9% and specificity of 92.3% (cutoff, ≤2.67) with ADC800.ConclusionADC histogram analysis of DW MRI can help differentiate adrenal adenoma from pheochromocytoma.Level of Evidence: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1195–1203
Characteristics, composition, and antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino seed oil
Authors: Wang Lu , Pang Min , Wang Xiaobing , Wang Pan , Xiao Yaping , Liu Quanhong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to further develop and utilise Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino seeds, a detailed analysis of the characteristics of G. pentaphyllum seed oil (GPSO), including its physico‐chemical parameters, fatty acid composition and unsaponifiable matter constituents, has been investigated in this study. The antioxidant potential of GPSO was evaluated by radical‐scavenging activity and ferric‐reducing antioxidant power assay in vitro, and the antioxidant activity in vivo was examined by using an aged mice model.RESULTSThe main components of the seeds are lipids (485.54 g kg−1) and proteins (203.26 g kg−1). The GPSO obtained by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (92.85%), especially conjugated linolenic acid (88.17%); and various useful compounds (squalene, tocopherol and phytosterols) were identified in the unsaponifiable matter. The overall antioxidant capacity of GPSO in vitro was shown to be comparable to that of Camellia seed oil as a positive control. GPSO could provide protection to the aged mice against oxidative stress and minimised the impact of ageing.CONCLUSIONAll the results suggest that GPSO has direct and potent antioxidant activities; it could be utilised as a functional food to supplement or replace some conventional oils. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of C2H2 Oxidation at High Pressure
Authors: Gimenez‐Lopez Jorge , Rasmussen Christian Tihic , Hashemi Hamid , Alzueta Maria U. , Gao Yide , Marshall Paul , Goldsmith C. Franklin , Glarborg Peter 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTA detailed chemical kinetic model for oxidation of acetylene at intermediate temperatures and high pressure has been developed and evaluated experimentally. The rate coefficients for the reactions of C2H2 with HO2 and O2 were investigated, based on the recent analysis of the potential energy diagram for C2H3 + O2 by Goldsmith et al. and on new ab initio calculations, respectively. The C2H2 + HO2 reaction involves nine pressure‐ and temperature‐dependent product channels, with formation of triplet CHCHO being dominant under most conditions. The barrier to reaction for C2H2 + O2 was found to be more than 50 kcal mol−1 and predictions of the initiation temperature were not sensitive to this reaction. Experiments were conducted with C2H2/O2 mixtures highly diluted in N2 in a high‐pressure flow reactor at 600–900 K and 60 bar, varying the reaction stoichiometry from very lean to fuel‐rich conditions. Model predictions were generally in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. Under the investigated conditions, the oxidation pathways for C2H2 are more complex than those prevailing at higher temperatures and lower pressures. Acetylene is mostly consumed by recombination with H to form vinyl (reducing conditions) or with OH to form a CHCHOH adduct (stoichiometric to lean conditions). Both C2H3 and CHCHOH then react primarily with O2. The CHCHOH + O2 reaction leads to formation of significant amounts of glyoxal (OCHCHO) and formic acid (HOCHO), and the oxidation chemistry of these intermediates is important for the overall reaction.
Synthesis and Characterization of Double Crystalline Cyclic Diblock Copolymers of Poly(ε‐caprolactone) and Poly(l(d)‐lactide) (c(PCL‐b‐ PL(D)LA))
Authors: Liénard Romain , Zaldua Nerea , Josse Thomas , Winter Julien De , Zubitur Manuela , Mugica Agurtzane , Iturrospe Amaia , Arbe Arantxa , Coulembier Olivier , Müller Alejandro J. 
Published: August 2016

The synthesis of symmetric cyclo poly(ε‐caprolactone)–block–poly(l(d)‐lactide) (c(PCL–b–PL(D)LA)) by combining ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone and lactides and subsequent click chemistry reaction of the linear precursors containing antagonist functionalities is presented. The two blocks can sequentially crystallize and self‐assemble into double crystalline spherulitic superstructures. The cyclic chain topology significantly affects both the nucleation and the crystallization of each constituent, as gathered from a comparison of the behavior of linear precursors and cyclic block copolymers. The stereochemistry of the PLA block does not have a significant effect on the nonisothermal crystallization of both linear and cyclo PCL‐b‐PDLA and PCL‐b‐PLLA copolymers.
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Just Add Salt: A Mass Spectrometric Analysis Method for Imaging Anion‐Exchanged Poly(Ionic Liquid)s
Authors: Steinkoenig Jan , Cecchini Martina M. , Goldmann Anja S. , Reale Samantha , Angelis Francesco De , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: August 2016

We report the first mass spectrometric analysis of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) containing weakly coordinating anions introduced by a fast, simple, and quantitative postmodification method on the example of the hydrophilic, well‐defined poly(vinylbenzylpyridinium chloride) p([VBPy]Cl) species, analyzed with an in‐source collision induced dissociation‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) protocol. Using the MS approach allows for the precise structural elucidation of ion‐exchanged p([VBPy]Cl) utilizing AgX (X = NO3−, CF3CO2−, BF4−) salts. The anion exchange is shown to be quantitative – without observing residual chlorinated PIL – on rapid time scales, using only filtration as a standard procedure during sample preparation. In addition, the influence of weakly coordinating anions on the ionization behavior of PILs is studied in detail.
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A Highly Stretchable and Autonomous Self‐Healing Polymer Based on Combination of Pt···Pt and π–π Interactions
Authors: Mei Jin‐Feng , Jia Xiao‐Yong , Lai Jian‐Cheng , Sun Yang , Li Cheng‐Hui , Wu Jun‐Hua , Cao Yi , You Xiao‐Zeng , Bao Zhenan 
Published: August 2016

A new self‐healing polymer has been obtained by incorporating a cyclometalated platinum(II) complex Pt(C∧N∧N)Cl (C∧N∧N = 6‐phenyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl) into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) backbone. The molecular interactions (a combination of Pt···Pt and π–π interactions) between cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes are strong enough to crosslink the linear PDMS polymer chains into an elastic film. The as prepared polymer can be stretched to over 20 times of its original length. When damaged, the polymer can be healed at room temperature without any healants or external stimuli. Moreover, the self‐healing is insensitive to surface aging. This work represents the first example where the attractive metallophilic inter­actions are utilized to design self‐healing materials. Moreover, our results suggest that the stretchability and self‐healing properties can be obtained simultaneously without any conflict by optimizing the strength of crosslinking interactions.
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Cell Dynamic Simulations of Diblock Copolymer/Colloid Systems
Authors: Díaz Javier , Pinna Marco , Zvelindovsky Andrei V. , Asta Adelchi , Pagonabarraga Ignacio 
Published: August 2016

The presence of nanoparticles in a diblock copolymer leads to changes in the morphology and properties of the matrix and can produce highly organized hybrid materials. The resulting material properties depend not only on the polymer composition but also on the size, shape, and surface properties of the colloids. The dynamics of this kind of systems using a hybrid mesoscopic approach has been studied in this work. A continuum description for the polymer is used, while colloids are individually resolved. The method allows for a variable preference of the colloids, which can have different sizes, to the different components the block copolymer is made of. The impact that the nanoparticle preference for either, both, or none of the blocks has on the collective properties of nanoparticle–block copolymer composites can be analyzed. Several experimental results are reproduced covering colloid‐induced phase transition, particles' placement within the matrix, and the role of incompatibilities between colloids and monomers.
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The medial femoral trochlea flap with a monitor skin island—Report of two cases
Authors: Tremp M. , Haumer A. , Wettstein R. , Zhang Y.X. , Honigmann P. , Schaefer D. J. , Kalbermatten D. F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this report, we present two cases of the bony reconstruction with the medial trochlea (MFT) flap including a skin island that was used to monitor the perfusion of flap in the postoperative period. Between March 2013 and April 2015, we performed surgery on two patients who suffered from scaphoid and talus non‐union after trauma and initial treatment by osteosynthesis. A skin island (1 cm × 1 cm and 3 cm × 1 cm, respectively) was included with the osseous flap (1.6 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm and 2 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm, respectively) to assess the perfusion of the flap. The design of the skin island was based on either the saphenous artery perforator or a cutaneous perforator of the descending genicular artery. Both flaps remained viable throughout the postoperative period, and there were no donor site complications. After a follow‐up of 36 and 11 months, bony union was observed in both patients with a high degree of satisfaction. Thus, a MFT flap with a skin island could be a tool to assess the perfusion of the flap in the early postoperative period. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:431–435, 2017.