bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origami‐Inspired 3D Interconnected Molybdenum Carbide Nanoflakes
Authors: Koizumi Ryota , Ozden Sehmus , Samanta Atanu , Alves Ana Paula P. , Mishra Avanish , Ye Gonglan , Silva Glaura G. , Vajtai Robert , Singh Abhishek K. , Tiwary Chandra S. , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHigh‐temperature stable transition metal carbides are one of the promising classes of materials for next‐generation energy applications such as water splitting catalysis and electrodes for energy storage devices. Herein, origami‐like molybdenum carbide flakes with interfacially connected structures in various orientations using an easily scalable chemical vapor deposition method are synthesized. Interestingly, each individual flake of similar orientation is interconnected across different planes. The interconnected architectures are found to be highly elastic and behave in a sponge‐like manner. In addition, the surface energy of each plane is calculated using the first‐principle density functional theory. The molybdenum carbide shows excellent activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction, with the onset over potential occurring around −16 to −25 mV with high stability. The material is used as an electrode for supercapacitors as a second demonstration. The supercapacitor constructed with polypyrrole reaches the specific capacitance of ≈279 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1.
Ultrahigh Temperature Graphene Molecular Heater
Authors: Huang Ke , Liu Jinxin , Tan Lifang , Zuo Junlai , Fu Lei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlthough a number of molecular devices have been fabricated successfully, molecular heater still keeps blank. It is of great importance to find a satisfactory molecular building block with thicknesses controlled at the atomic level and outstanding electrical properties to achieve the construction of molecular heater. Graphene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecule with strictly atomic thickness, is known as a superior heat and electricity conductor, which makes it a promising building block of the molecular heater. However, the directly grown graphene on insulated substrate suffers from the significant drawback of low quality and nonuniformity and the transferred graphene is criticized because of its cracks and residues. Therefore, the heat temperature is limited to ≈200 °C in previous graphene‐based heaters. Here, a practical graphene molecular heater (GMH) with extremely high heating temperature up to ≈600 °C at a low voltage of 7.5 V is first constructed, and its heating characteristics are systematically explored. The Joule heating efficiency, temperature distribution, and heating rate of GMH exhibit promising characteristics. The successful construction of GMH suggests a bright future toward the urgent demand of miniaturization for the next‐generation devices.
Fabrication of Pyrrole‐Based Electrochemical Biosensor Platform Using Nanoimprint Lithography
Authors: Ahn Junhyoung , Kwon Soongeun , Jung Sanghee , Lee Wang Sik , Jeong Jinyoung , Lim Hyungjun , Shin Yong‐Beom , Lee JaeJong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMany electrochemical biosensors are developed and widely used for the detection of biological responses. However, there is a limitation like increasing the surface area of the working electrode for the improvement of sensitivity. Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a simple method that uses stamp and UV or thermally curable resins for fabricating nanopatterns and nanostructures at low cost and with high throughput and high resolution. Therefore, the fabrication of a nanostructure on the working electrode using nanoimprint lithography can improve not only the sensitivity of a biosensor to biological responses by increasing the surface area of the working electrode but also the mass production of nanopatterned electrodes. Here, a conducting polymer‐based UV‐curable resin is aimed to develop and to use it to fabricate a uniform nanostructure on the working electrode. The 150 nm pillar patterns on a Pt electrode are created using polydimethylsiloxane stamps and KIMM ANT‐6HO UV‐NIL system and measured electrochemical signals using cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, glucose oxidase is immobilized on the conducting polymer‐imprinted electrode. The developed electrochemical biosensor successfully measures glucose levels across a dynamic range of 0.1 µg mL−1 to 200 mg mL−1 under optimized conditions.
Flat Optical and Plasmonic Devices Using Area‐Selective Ion‐Beam Doping of Silicon
Authors: Salman Jad , Hafermann Martin , Rensberg Jura , Wan Chenghao , Wambold Raymond , Gundlach Bradley S. , Ronning Carsten , Kats Mikhail A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHighly doped semiconductors are an emerging platform for plasmonic devices. Unlike in noble metals, the carrier concentration of semiconductors can vary by many orders of magnitude, resulting in a widely tunable range of plasma wavelengths spanning the mid‐infrared and terahertz ranges. In this work, the potential of highly doped, ion‐beam‐patterned silicon is demonstrated as a fabrication‐friendly platform for flat optical devices. Detailed characterization of the optical properties of silicon is performed at various doping levels, and diffractive optical elements and plasmonic frequency‐selective surfaces that operate in the mid‐to‐far‐infrared regime are realized. The resulting optical devices are monolithic, flat, resilient to thermal and physical damage, and can be easily integrated into other silicon‐based platforms.
Tuning Charge Carrier Dynamics and Surface Passivation in Organolead Halide Perovskites with Capping Ligands and Metal Oxide Interfaces
Authors: Godin Robert , Ma Xuerui , González‐Carrero Soranyel , Du Tian , Li Xiaoe , Lin Chieh‐Ting , McLachlan Martyn A. , Galian Raquel E. , Pérez‐Prieto Julia , Durrant James R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOrganolead halide perovskites have emerged as exciting optoelectronic materials but a complete understanding of their photophysical properties is still lacking. Here, a morphological series of methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) perovskites are studied by transient optical spectroscopies over eight orders of magnitude in timescale to investigate the effect of nanostructuring and surface states on the charge carrier dynamics. The sample preparation route and corresponding morphology changes influence the position of the optical features, recombination dynamics, excitation fluence dependence, and dramatically impact surface trap passivation. Growth of the perovskite layer in the presence of capping ligands or within mesoporous alumina increases the photoluminescence efficiency by multiple orders of magnitude, indicating that interfacing with metal oxides can lead to the passivation of surface nonradiative recombination centers. Nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in solution show mixed behavior since they consist of NPs on nanoplatelets, while isolated NPs could be grown within mesoporous alumina with the addition of capping ligands. Investigation on the microsecond timescale suggests that an exponential distribution of states below the band edges results in long‐lived charges. The investigations of the relationship between sample architecture and charge carrier dynamics will help in the appropriate choice of perovskite morphology for use in optoelectronic devices.
High Performance Amplifier Element Realization via MoS2/GaTe Heterostructures
Authors: Yan Xiao , Zhang David Wei , Liu Chunsen , Bao Wenzhong , Wang Shuiyuan , Ding Shijin , Zheng Gengfeng , Zhou Peng 
Published: January 2018

Abstract2D layered materials (2DLMs), together with their heterostructures, have been attracting tremendous research interest in recent years because of their unique physical and electrical properties. A variety of circuit elements have been made using mechanically exfoliated 2DLMs recently, including hard drives, detectors, sensors, and complementary metal oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistors. However, 2DLM‐based amplifier circuit elements are rarely studied. Here, the integration of 2DLMs with 3D bulk materials to fabricate vertical junction transistors with current amplification based on a MoS2/GaTe heterostructure is reported. Vertical junction transistors exhibit the typical current amplification characteristics of conventional bulk bipolar junction transistors while having good current transmission coefficients (α ∼ 0.95) and current gain coefficient (β ∼ 7) at room temperature. The devices provide new attractive prospects in the investigation of 2DLM‐based integrated circuits based on amplifier circuits.
Bimodal Dielectric Breakdown in Electronic Devices Using Chemical Vapor Deposited Hexagonal Boron Nitride as Dielectric
Authors: Palumbo Felix , Liang Xianhu , Yuan Bin , Shi Yuanyuan , Hui Fei , Villena Marco A. , Lanza Mario 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMultilayer hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is an insulating 2D material that shows good interaction with graphene and MoS2, and it is considered a very promising dielectric for future 2D‐materials‐based electronic devices. Previous studies analyzed the dielectric properties of thick (>10 nm) mechanically exfoliated h‐BN nanoflakes (diameter < 20 μm) via conductive atomic force microscopy and applying very high voltages (>10 V); however, these methods are not scalable. In this work, the first device‐level reliability study of large area h‐BN dielectric stacks (grown via chemical vapor deposition) is presented, and the complete dielectric breakdown (BD) process is described. The experiments and calculations indicate that the BD process in metal/h‐BN/metal devices starts with a progressive current increase across the h‐BN stack until current densities up to 0.1 A cm−2 are reached. After that, the currents increase by sudden steps, which can be large (>1 order of magnitude, related to the BD of one/few h‐BN layers) or small (<1 order of magnitude, related to the lateral propagation of the BD). The bimodal BD process of h‐BN here presented (which cannot be detected via conductive atomic force microscopy) is essential to understand the reliability of 2D‐material‐based electronic devices using h‐BN as dielectric.
Obtaining Large Columnar CdTe Grains and Long Lifetime on Nanocrystalline CdSe, MgZnO, or CdS Layers
Authors: Amarasinghe Mahisha , Colegrove Eric , Moseley John , Moutinho Helio , Albin David , Duenow Joel , Jensen Soren , Kephart Jason , Sampath Walajabad , Sivananthan Siva , Al‐Jassim Mowafak , Metzger Wyatt K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCdTe solar cells have reached efficiencies comparable to multicrystalline silicon and produce electricity at costs competitive with traditional energy sources. Recent efficiency gains have come partly from shifting from the traditional CdS window layer to new materials such as CdSe and MgZnO, yet substantial headroom still exists to improve performance. Thin film technologies including Cu(In,Ga)Se2, perovskites, Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4, and CdTe inherently have many grain boundaries that can form recombination centers and impede carrier transport; however, grain boundary engineering has been difficult and not practical. In this work, it is demonstrated that wide columnar grains reaching through the entire CdTe layer can be achieved by aggressive postdeposition CdTe recrystallization. This reduces the grain structure constraints imposed by nucleation on nanocrystalline window layers and enables diverse window layers to be selected for other properties critical for electro‐optical applications. Computational simulations indicate that increasing grain size from 1 to 7 µm can be equivalent to decreasing grain‐boundary recombination velocity by three orders of magnitude. Here, large high‐quality grains enable CdTe lifetimes exceeding 50 ns.
A Dual‐Insertion Type Sodium‐Ion Full Cell Based on High‐Quality Ternary‐Metal Prussian Blue Analogs
Authors: Peng Jian , Wang Jinsong , Yi Haocong , Hu WenJing , Yu Yonghui , Yin Jinwen , Shen Yi , Liu Yi , Luo Jiahuan , Xu Yue , Wei Peng , Li Yuyu , Jin Yu , Ding Yu , Miao Ling , Jiang Jianjun , Han Jiantao , Huang Yunhui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrussian blue analogs (PBAs) are especially investigated as superior cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to high theoretical capacity (≈170 mA h g−1) with 2‐Na storage and low cost. However, PBAs suffer poor cyclability due to irreversible phase transition in deep charge/discharge states. PBAs also suffer low crystallinity, with considerable [Fe(CN)6] vacancies, and coordinated water in crystal frameworks. Presently, a new chelating agent/surfactant coassisted crystallization method is developed to prepare high‐quality (HQ) ternary‐metal NixCo1−x[Fe(CN)6] PBAs. By introducing inactive metal Ni to suppress capacity fading caused by excessive lattice distortion, these PBAs have tunable limits on depth of charge/discharge. HQ‐NixCo1−x[Fe(CN)6] (x = 0.3) demonstrates the best reversible Na‐storage behavior with a specific capacity of ≈145 mA h g−1 and a remarkably improved cycle performance, with ≈90% capacity retention over 600 cycles at 5 C. Furthermore, a dual‐insertion full cell on the cathode and NaTi2(PO4)3 anode delivers reversible capacity of ≈110 mA h g−1 at a current rate of 1.0 C without capacity fading over 300 cycles, showing promise as a high‐performance SIB for large‐scale energy‐storage systems. The ultrastable cyclability achieved in the lab and explained herein is far beyond that of any previously reported PBA‐based full cells.
Graphene‐Tailored Thermodynamics and Kinetics to Fabricate Metal Borohydride Nanoparticles with High Purity and Enhanced Reversibility
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Xia Guanglin , Zhang Jian , Sun Dalin , Guo Zaiping , Yu Xuebin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDue to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity, metal borohydrides are considered to be one of the most promising candidate hydrogen storage materials. Their application still suffers, however, from high operating temperature, sluggish kinetics, and poor reversibility. Designing nanostructures is an effective way of addressing these issues, but seeking suitable approaches remains a big challenge. Here, a space‐confined solid‐gas reaction to synthesize Mg(BH4)2 nanoparticles supported on grapheme is reported, which serves as the structural support for the dispersed Mg(BH4)2 nanoparticles. More notably, density functional theory calculations reveal that graphene could weaken both the MgH bonds of MgH2 and BB bonds of B2H6, which could thermodynamically and kinetically facilitate the chemical transformation to synthesize Mg(BH4)2 with high purity. Because of the synergistic effects of both the significant reduction in particle size and the catalytic effect of graphene, an onset dehydrogenation temperature of ≈154 °C is observed for Mg(BH4)2 nanoparticles, and a complete dehydrogenation could be achieved at a temperature as low as 225 °C, with the formation of MgB2 as the by‐product. This work provides a new perspective to tailoring the thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions toward the favorable synthesis of functional inorganic materials.
Activation state of circulating eosinophils in nasal polyposis
Authors: Dupuch Vincent , Tridon Arlette , Ughetto Sylvie , Walrand Stéphane , Bonnet Benjamin , Dubray Claude , Virlogeux Aude , Vasson Marie‐Paule , Saroul Nicolas , Mom Thierry , Gilain Laurent , Evrard Bertrand 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common disease with an uncertain pathophysiology. It is characterized by polyps rich in eosinophils, with an activation status already investigated at the tissue level. In a group of CRSwNP patients, we assessed the activation status of circulating eosinophils in the blood before migration into tissues.MethodsThirteen patients with CRSwNP and 16 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Several biologic parameters were studied: blood count of eosinophils; plasma eosinophil cationic protein; oxidative metabolism by chemiluminescence at baseline or when activated by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate or platelet‐activating factor, with or without interleukin‐5 (IL‐5); percent of granulosar cells; and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) by flow cytometry.ResultsThe mean number of eosinophils was significantly higher in patients with CRSwNP, whose eosinophils showed increased oxidative metabolism in the basal or activated state significantly decreasing in the presence of IL‐5. There was also a higher percentage of CD49d+, CD25+, and CCR3+ cells in patients, and a nonsignificant decrease in descending order in MFI between the control group, patients with normal eosinophil levels, patients with hypereosinophilia, and patients with aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a priming state of circulating eosinophils in CRSwNP patients when compared with healthy controls, as evidenced by the extent of oxidative metabolism, with increased sensitivity to IL‐5 and by the observed variations of percent and MFI of CD49d, CCR3, and CD25. This priming is thus found at the peripheral level and occurs before the migration of eosinophils to polyps, reflecting the systemic and not just local nature of abnormalities in CRSwNP.
Optimization of the curing process of phenolic impregnated carbon ablator
Authors: Tian Ye , Huang Haiming , Xu Xiaoliang 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTPhenolic impregnated carbon ablator (PICA), which is composed of the phenolic resin (PR) and carbon fiber, is of particular interest to researchers in the aerospace field. In this work, PICA was prepared by the double‐stage isothermal heating curing method and the curing process of PICA was optimized based on non‐isothermal differential scanning calorimetry, extrapolation method and orthogonal experiment. Orthogonal array chose the standard L9 (34). The results show that the optimum curing process of PICA is 120 °C 1 h + 170 °C 1 h, based on considering the better compressive property as the standard. And the results of the Fourier transform infrared spectra indicate that the more dimethylene ether groups result in the higher compressive strength of PICA cured at 120 °C 1 h + 170 °C 1 h. The existence of the more dimethylene ether groups can increase the amount of gases generated and bring off more heat during the ablative process of materials. This may provide a new vision for improve the ablative property of materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46230.
Determination of isoorientin levels in rat plasma after oral administration of Vaccinum bracteatum Thunb. methanol extract by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kim Min‐Ji , Kwon Seung‐Hwan , Jang Choon‐Gon , Maeng Han‐Joo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA simple, sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (LC‐MS/MS) was developed and validated for the determination of plasma isoorientin levels in rats. After simple protein precipitation using methanol, chromatographic analysis was performed using a Synergi 4μ polar‐RP 80A column (150 × 2.0 mm, 4μm) under isocratic conditions and a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. In positive electrospray ionization mode, the protonated precursor and product ion transitions of isoorientin (m/z 449.0 → 299.1) and of puerarin (the internal standard; m/z 417.1 → 297.1) were acquired by multiple reaction monitoring. Calibration curves obtained for plasma showed good linearity over the concentration range 1–1000 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were within 8.8% relative standard deviation. Accuracies ranged from 92.1 and 109.7%. The isoorientin stability in rat plasma under typical handling/storage conditions also found to be acceptable. The developed method was applied successfully to a pharmacokinetic study of isoorientin orally administered as the methanol extract of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. or administered as pure isoorientin.
Intestinal metabolism of Polygonum cuspidatum in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Fu Jinfeng , Wu Songyan , Wang Min , Tian Yuan , Zhang Zunjian , Song Rui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRhizoma et Radix Polygoni Cuspidati (RRPC) is commonly prescribed for the treatment of amenorrhea, arthralgia, jaundice and abscess in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous pharmacological studies have indicated that polyphenols are the main pharmacological active ingredients in RRPC. Meanwhile, the poor bioavailability of polyphenols in RRPC implies that those components are probably metabolized by intestinal bacteria before absorption. However, there is rather limited information about RRPC''s metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria and the intestinal absorbed constituents. In the present study, the metabolites were characterized after the aqueous extract of RRPC was incubated with the crude enzyme of human intestinal bacteria in vitro. The metabolic characteristics of glycosides in RRPC were figured out by comparing the metabolic profiles of emodin‐8‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside and polydatin between aqueous extract of RRPC and equivalent amounts of these two glycosides. The transitional constituents absorbed into blood were investigated in rats via intraduodental administration and portal vein intubation. A total of 38 prototype components and 43 metabolites were detected and characterized in vivo. The overall results demonstrated that the intestinal bacteria played an important role in the metabolism of RRPC, and the main metabolic pathways were hydrolysis in vitro, glucuronidation and sulfation in vivo.
Efficient Catalytic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid by Magnetic Laccase Catalyst
Authors: Wang Ke‐Feng , Liu Chun‐lei , Sui Kun‐yan , Guo Chen , Liu Chun‐Zhao 
Published: January 2018

Abstract2,5‐Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a bio‐based platform chemical for the production of polyethylene furanoate (PEF) and other valuable furanic chemicals. A magnetic laccase catalyst with (2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl (TEMPO) as the mediator has the remarkable capability of oxidizing 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Under optimal reaction conditions, a quantitative yield (90.2 %) of FDCA with complete HMF conversion was obtained after 96 h of reaction. More importantly, the magnetic laccase catalyst exhibited good recyclability and stability, maintaining 84.8 % of its original activity following six reuse cycles. This is the first report on the efficient catalytic oxidation of HMF to FDCA by using an immobilized enzyme catalyst.
Core/Shell NiFe Nanoalloy with a Discrete N‐doped Graphitic Carbon Cover for Enhanced Water Oxidation
Authors: Deng Chen , Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Scott Jason , Zhu Shenmin , Amal Rose , Wang Da‐Wei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDeveloping highly efficient and earth‐abundant electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical in overall water splitting technology. Among all transition‐metal‐based materials, NiFe‐based electrocatalysts have been regarded as the most promising substitute to commercial noble metals in alkaline conditions. To overcome their leaching problem and improve intrinsic stability without compromising activity, we report a NiFe alloy covered with a discrete N‐doped graphitic shell for the OER. The alloy core@discrete graphitic shell structure exhibits enhanced OER activity and stability with a low onset potential of 1.48 V, reduced overpotential of 320 mV@10 mA cm−1, and small Tafel slope value of 41 mV dec−1, which is superior to Ir/C. It is believed that the nitrogen doping, a discrete graphitic shell, and a mesoporous structure work in harmony to enhance the OER performance.