bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bioequivalence Trial of Lenvatinib Mesylate Capsules in Healthy Subjects Under Fasting and Postprandial Conditions
Authors: Shao Junbo , Liu Xingxing , Zhang Geying , Xiang Ajun , Xie Xiaoyan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety profiles of generic lenvatinib mesylate capsules and the reference product in a cohort of healthy Chinese individuals. The research design consisted of a randomized, open‐label trial with a single‐dose regimen, 2 crossover periods, and 2 distinct phases involving participants from the Chinese population. A total of 24 individuals were enrolled in the fasting study, with an additional 27 participants included in the postmeal study. Each participant received a single dose of either 4 mg of the reference product or the study product per cycle. The washout period was 14 days between each period. Bioequivalence was assessed through the analysis of geometric mean and ratio of pharmacokinetic parameters, while the safety of both drugs was evaluated by monitoring adverse events (AEs). Following a single oral administration of lenvatinib (4 mg), linear pharmacokinetics were observed. The rate of absorption was found to be significantly faster under fasting conditions (median time to maximum concentration, 2.3‐2.5 hours), while the presence of a high‐fat diet resulted in delayed absorption (median tmax, 5.3‐6.1 hours). Furthermore, the 90% confidence intervals for the reference and test pharmacokinetic parameters under both fasting and postprandial conditions fell within the bioequivalence standard range of 80%‐125%. AEs were reported in 34.78% of cases during fasting and in 48.15% of cases after eating. There was no significant difference in AE rates between the reference and study products. The study determined that both the study product and the reference product were bioequivalent and well tolerated by healthy Chinese participants in both fasting and postprandial conditions.
The Impact of Melt Transparency on Li2MoO4 Single Crystal Growth by the Czochralski Technique
Authors: Bouzouaoui Yahia Zakarya , Ayadi Rayane , Brakni Oumaima , Zermout Samir , Lasloudji Idir , Velázquez Matias 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, it is found that taking a semitransparent melt, influences c–m interface shape, heat transfer, melt flow and von Mises thermal stress distributions, therefore the quality of the grown crystal. As a result, when absorption coefficients of both melt and crystal change from transparent to opaque case, the c–m interface convexity reduces from 12.5 to 5.8 mm, its shape becomes more convex toward the melt, and the maximum von Mises thermal stresses decreases from 69.55 to 13.8 MPa. For the second study, where the crystal absorption coefficient is fixed at , the c–m interface convexity increases with the increase in melt absorption coefficient. The maximum and minimum von Mises stresses for the case are low compared to other values; then the grown crystal has a good quality.
Harnessing the therapeutic effects of nature for chronic Pain: A role for immersive virtual reality? A narrative review
Authors: Smith Alexander , Wyles Kayleigh J. , Hernandez Sonia Medina , Clarke Sophie , Schofield Patricia , Hughes Sam W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThere is a growing interest in the relationship between nature and pain relief. Evidence from environmental psychology, neuroscience and physiology‐based studies point towards analgesic effects of nature being mediated through various cognitive, affective and/or autonomic factors. Being able to harness these therapeutic effects using immersive virtual reality (VR) could help to optimize and improve accessibility of nature‐based environments as part of chronic pain management plans. In this narrative review, we present evidence supporting a new theoretical framework for nature‐based analgesia and suggest ways for applying this through immersive VR.Databases and Data TreatmentWe provide an overview of the evidence on (1) the therapeutic effects of nature on pain, (2) environmental psychology theory that underpins the health benefits of nature, (3) key mechanistic evidence from nature neuroimaging and physiology‐based studies, (4) previous studies that have used VR‐based nature in pain research and (5) how to design effective VR interventions that can be used to integrate nature into immersive 360 environments.ResultsWe have demonstrated how environmental psychology, neuroscience and physiology‐based research can be used to form a novel theoretical framework for nature‐based analgesia. Using this framework, we identify how key aspects of nature can act as analgesic and how this can be harnessed using immersive VR.ConclusionsThrough developing this theoretical framework, we have provided a foundation on which to guide future experimental and clinical studies as well as helping to improve the accessibility of nature for chronic pain patients through immersive VR technologies.SignificanceThis review article summarizes key multidisciplinary evidence to help understand how nature exerts beneficial effects on pain processing. The use of this theoretical framework alongside advances in immersive VR technologies provides a springboard for future research and can be used to help develop new nature‐based therapeutics using VR.
Green Electrochemical Sensors, Their Applications and Greenness Metrics Used: A Review
Authors: Berkel Caglar , Özbek Oguz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGreen analytical methods are important techniques that aim to reduce or eliminate the use of harmful chemicals and waste in various analyses. These methods, based on green chemistry principles, are environmentally friendly and reliable. Electrochemical techniques have an essential role in diverse analyses, and are presented as a superior alternative to existing analytical devices in terms of different parameters. In the present review, we have comprehensively covered electrochemistry‐based sensors that are developed using green chemistry principles and evaluated their performance characteristics and specific working conditions. We here included sensors developed based on potentiometry and voltammetry methodologies, and detailed their greenness potentials based on certain metrics. Considering the advantages provided by these environmentally friendly new generation sensors, it will be inevitable for researchers working in this field to direct their attention to sensors that can be produced with green approaches.
Simultaneous biosorption of chromium and zinc from aqueous solution by Lactobacillus plantarum exopolysaccharides and biofilm characterized by structural and functional analysis
Authors: Singh Anchal , Ahmed Mazia , Iqbal Unaiza , Srivastava Urvashi , Saini Pinki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHeavy metals represent significant environmental pollutants in today's world. The primary sources of human exposure to these heavy metals are through food and water, which can lead to various life‐threatening diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to focus on the removal of these contaminants to safeguard human health. The study describes the optimization of biosorption conditions of chromium [Cr(III)] and zinc [Zn(II)] through biofilm and exopolysaacharides (EPS) of Lactobacillus plantarum. The strain was tested for minimum inhibitory concentration and assessed at 100–350 ppm for Cr (III) and Zn (II) in terms of log cfu/mL. Metal adsorption capacity of biofilm was slightly higher as compared to EPS. Biosorption of Cr (III) at pH 2 showed 90% biosorption through biofilms and 88% through EPS. Zn (II) showed maximum binding of about 86% and 78% by biofilm and EPS, respectively, at pH 8 at 37°C for 24 h. The binding of metal is mostly dependent upon the functional group present, the surface morphology of biofilm, and the EPS of strain.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of kawakawa (Piper excelsum): An integrative mRNA–miRNA approach
Authors: Tautuiaki Senilaite , Gojer Jerusha , Jayaprakash Ramya , Sharma Pankaja , Pook Chris , Foster Meika , Miles‐Chan Jennifer , Mithen Richard , Ramzan Farha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractKawakawa (Piper excelsum) is an endemic medicinal plant widely consumed by Māori in New Zealand. Presence of diverse biologically active phytochemicals in kawakawa may underpin its putative therapeutic anti‐inflammatory properties. However, no human studies on its anti‐inflammatory effects are yet undertaken. Blood samples from a randomized controlled dietary intervention exploring the impact of kawakawa compared to control on postprandial microRNAs (miRNA) abundances and their respective gene and protein targets in a cohort of healthy human volunteers (n = 26; Age; 33.6 ± 1.9 year and BMI; 22.5 ± 0.4 kg/m2) were analyzed. Postprandial levels of nine miRNAs showed differential abundances; hsa‐miR‐17‐5p, ‐21‐5p, ‐320a‐5p, let‐7g‐5p, ‐16‐5p, ‐122‐5p, and ‐144‐3p was upregulated while as hsa‐miR‐221‐3p and ‐223‐3p was downregulated in response to kawakawa compared to control. In silico analysis indicated enrichment of miRNAs in multiple inflammation‐related pathways, including apoptosis, cytokine signaling, MAPK signaling, and MTOR pathways. Furthermore, gene expression of IL‐8 (p = .03), IL‐6 (p = .01), and PPAR‐γ were significantly reduced following kawakawa intake compared to control. While as plasma IL‐6 showed a significant increase over 120 min in the kawakawa arm. These results highlight kawakawa to exert anti‐inflammatory effects by modulating the expression of miRNAs and their target genes and proteins in the inflammatory signaling pathways.
Poliovirus on the rise in Pakistan amidst unprecedented floods and COVID‐19 pandemic: An urgent concern
Authors: Tabassum Shehroze , Nazir Abubakar , Khan Maleeka Zamurad , Gill Saima , Akilimali Aymar , Mukherjee Dattatreya , Marsool Mohammed Dheyaa Marsool , Oduoye Malik Olatunde 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPoliomyelitis is always a great concern in Pakistan and is a public health emergency. COVID‐19 and recent floods have increased the challenge.AimThis article highlights the situation of polio in Pakistan and also recommends several steps to eradicate the disease as early as possible.MethodologySelected articles were selected from electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus using keywords such as Wild Poliovirus, Vaccine Derived Polio Infection, Acute Flaccid Paralysis, Vaccine, and Pakistan.ResultPolio infection has two types, wild poliovirus and vaccine‐derived polio infection. 2019 and 2020 were a challenging time as cases were increased at that time in Pakistan. Acute flaccid paralysis is the most common complication of this disease. The maximum cases of polio are being reported from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.ConclusionA special public health importance should be given in this province. Regular vaccination and strict surveillance are important. It is also important to spread awareness among the people. Early identification and timely diagnosis are very important. Early diagnosis, proper timely treatment, vaccination, awareness, and community‐based research will help Pakistan to eradicate this disease as early as possible.
Fertility status and depression: A case‐control study among women in Herat, Afghanistan
Authors: Niazi Aziz‐ur‐Rahman , Alekozay Mina , Osmani Khadija , Najm Abdul Fattah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimOn a global scale, an estimated 17.5% of the reproductive‐aged population experiences clinical infertility. Beyond its categorization as a reproductive health concern, infertility emerges as a substantial independent risk factor for the development of various mental health disorders. The current study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression among women experiencing infertility compared to fertile women in Herat city, Afghanistan.MethodsThis hospital‐based case‐control study was conducted in Herat city, Afghanistan, during the latter half of 2023 on women aged 15–49. Sociodemographic and infertility data were gathered by a gynecologist using a structured questionnaire with 14 items. Assessment of depression employed the Dari‐translated version of the Patient Health Questionnaire. The data were scored and categorized following the instrument's guidelines. To examine the association between categorical variables, a chi‐square test was conducted, with a significance level set at 0.05 for all analyses. These statistical procedures were performed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 27.ResultsOur investigation revealed a statistically significant association (p < 0.001) between infertility and depression. Infertility was associated with a markedly increased risk of depression, as evidenced by a prevalence of 79.0% in infertile women compared to 44.4% in fertile women. The study found a link between depression, health, and nutritional status in both infertile and fertile participants. Notably, within the infertile group, the longer a woman struggled with infertility, the more likely she was to experience depression.ConclusionGiven the substantial prevalence and important correlates of depression among infertile women in Herat, Afghanistan, it is imperative for policymakers, mental health professionals, and gynecologists to specifically address the mental well‐being of this vulnerable population.
Identification of novel candidate predisposing genes in familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma implicating DNA damage repair pathways
Authors: Pires Carolina , Marques Inês J. , Saramago Ana , Moura Margarida M. , Pojo Marta , Cabrera Rafael , Santos Catarina , Rosário Francisco , Lousa Diana , Vicente João B. , Bandeiras Tiago M. , Teixeira Manuel R. , Leite Valeriano , Cavaco Branca M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe genetic basis of nonsyndromic familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) is still poorly understood, as the susceptibility genes identified so far only account for a small percentage of the genetic burden. Recently, germline mutations in DNA repair‐related genes have been reported in cases with thyroid cancer. In order to clarify the genetic basis of FNMTC, 94 genes involved in hereditary cancer predisposition, including DNA repair genes, were analyzed in 48 probands from FNMTC families, through targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Genetic variants were selected upon bioinformatics analysis and in silico studies. Structural modeling and network analysis were also performed. In silico results of NGS data unveiled likely pathogenic germline variants in 15 families with FNMTC, in genes encoding proteins involved in DNA repair (ATM, CHEK2, ERCC2, BRCA2, ERCC4, FANCA, FANCD2, FANCF, and PALB2) and in the DICER1, FLCN, PTCH1, BUB1B, and RHBDF2 genes. Structural modeling predicted that most missense variants resulted in the disruption of networks of interactions between residues, with implications for local secondary and tertiary structure elements. Functional annotation and network analyses showed that the involved DNA repair proteins functionally interact with each other, within the same DNA repair pathway and across different pathways. MAPK activation was a common event in tumor progression. This study supports that rare germline variants in DNA repair genes may be accountable for FNMTC susceptibility, with potential future utility in patients' clinical management, and reinforces the relevance of DICER1 in disease etiology.
Asiaticoside protected brain injury in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage via activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Wang Jicun , Wang Jianxin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) is a destructive disease with high mortality, incidence, and disability. Asiaticoside (AC) is a triterpenoid derivative that has demonstrated to exert a protective effect on neuron and blood vessel. To investigate the function and potential mechanism of AC on HICH. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) were treated with 20 U/mL thrombin for 24 h to establish the HICH model in vitro, and AC with the concentration of 1, 2 and 4 µM were used to incubate hBMECs. The effect and potential mechanism of AC on HICH were investigated by using cell counting kit‐8, flow cytometry, tube forming assays, vascular permeability experiments and western blot assays. In vivo, rats were injected with 20 µL hemoglobin with a concentration of 150 mg/mL, and then intragastrically administrated with 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg AC. Behavioral tests, brain water content measurement, hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling assays, and western blot were used to assess the effect and potential mechanism of AC on HICH. AC (at 2 and 4 µM) improved the proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and vascular permeability in thrombin‐induced hBMECs (p < 0.05). Besides, AC (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) ameliorated behavioral scores, brain water content, pathological lesion, apoptosis and the expression of vascular permeability‐related proteins in rats with HICH (p < 0.05). In addition, AC elevated the expression of PI3K/AKT pathway after HICH both in cell and animal models (p < 0.05). Application of LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/AKT pathway, reversed the ameliorative effect of AC on the proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and vascular permeability in thrombin‐induced hBMECs (p < 0.05). AC reduced brain damage by increasing the expression of the PI3K/AKT pathway after HICH.
Removable edges in near‐bipartite bricks
Authors: Zhang Yipei , Lu Fuliang , Wang Xiumei , Yuan Jinjiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn edge of a matching covered graph is removable if is also matching covered. The notion of removable edge arises in connection with ear decompositions of matching covered graphs introduced by Lovász and Plummer. A nonbipartite matching covered graph is a brick if it is free of nontrivial tight cuts. Carvalho, Lucchesi and Murty proved that every brick other than and has at least removable edges. A brick is near‐bipartite if it has a pair of edges such that is a bipartite matching covered graph. In this paper, we show that in a near‐bipartite brick with at least six vertices, every vertex of , except at most six vertices of degree three contained in two disjoint triangles, is incident with at most two nonremovable edges; consequently, has at least removable edges. Moreover, all graphs attaining this lower bound are characterized.
Paul Ekman and the search for the isolated face in the 1960s
Authors: Kim Heewon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis essay examines the detailed process of isolating facial data from the context of its emergence through the early work of psychologist Paul Ekman in the 1960s. It explores how Ekman's data practices have been developed, criticized, and compromised by situating them within the political and intellectual landscape of his early career. This essay follows Ekman's journey from the Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute to New Guinea, highlighting his brief but notable collaborations with psychologist Charles E. Osgood and NIH researchers D. Carleton Gajdusek and E. Richard Sorenson. It argues that the different meanings assigned to the human face resulted in how each group developed their studies – examining facial expressions either in interaction, where they shape reciprocal actions in interpersonal communication, or in isolation, where faces surface from the individual's unconscious interior.
Retrospective analysis of arginase 1 deficiency progression in adults over 5 years at a single metabolic centre
Authors: Sharma Reena , Bassett John , Stepien Karolina M. , Oldham Andrew , Jovanovic Ana , Woodall Alison , Green Diane 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical presentation of ARG1‐D is characterised by elevated arginine levels leading to neurological and mobility impairments. Information about long‐term outcomes in adults is lacking, which prompted us to undertake a retrospective observational study.MethodsWe extracted ARG1‐D patient data spanning a 5‐year period from electronic health records. Ethical approval was not required for the study. Informed consent was obtained.ResultsWe identified nine ARG1‐D patients from consanguineous backgrounds. Age of symptom onset ranged from infancy to age 7 years, age of diagnosis from infancy to 20 years. Patients had paraparesis or altered gait of varying degree and had experienced early ARG1‐D onset. Over 5 years, mobility declined in six (6/9, 67%) patients. Three patients (3/9, 33%) were fully dependent and hoisted. Two (2/9, 22%) reached adulthood before experiencing hyperammonaemia, another one (1/9, 11%) first experienced hyperammonaemia at age 15 years. One patient (1/9, 11%) started on ammonia scavenger therapy in adulthood, one (1/9, 11%) required a second scavenger to be added to their treatment regimen. Two patients (2/9, 22%) had gastrostomy tubes inserted for nutrition and supplements at age 9 years and 15 years. Six patients (6/9, 67%) had raised levels of ALT; of these, four (4/9, 44%) also had elevated AFP. Heterogeneity of ARG1‐D symptoms was evident, suggesting complex genetic and environmental interactions.ConclusionARG1‐D presents significant lifelong challenges with deteriorating mobility and more frequent metabolic crises. Current management strategies are insufficient for preventing progression, highlighting the need for innovative treatments like enzyme replacement and gene therapy.
Kinetic sand! A tale of sandy times
Authors: Ahuja Kanya , Muhammad Umer , Ahuja Kaweeta , Haricharan Ramanathapura , Patel Pratikkumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractKinetic magnetic sand, composed of ultra‐fine sand and dimethicone in a 98%–2% ratio, is a versatile sensory toy known for its moldable properties and structural stability (1). Despite the name, it lacks actual magnetic features. Ingesting kinetic sand can pose risks, including choking and gastrointestinal issues, especially in young children. This case report details a unique incident involving a 3‐year‐old who ingested a significant amount of kinetic sand. Although the sand's ingredients are generally hypoallergenic and nontoxic, its grainy texture presented challenges for retrieval. The patient was closely monitored, and ultimately, the sand passed without complications. While no official guidelines exist for managing such cases, individual assessments, considering factors such as ingestion time, symptoms, and age, are crucial for determining the appropriate course of action, which may range from observation to more invasive procedures like endoscopy or surgery.