bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Subnomials
Authors: Ziobro Rafał 
Published: February 2017

Summary
While discussing the sum of consecutive powers as a result of division of two binomials W.W. Sawyer [12] observes

“It is a curious fact that most algebra textbooks give our ast result twice. It appears in two different chapters and usually there is no mention in either of these that it also occurs in the other. The first chapter, of course, is that on factors. The second is that on geometrical progressions. Geometrical progressions are involved in nearly all financial questions involving compound interest – mortgages, annuities, etc.”

It’s worth noticing that the first issue involves a simple arithmetical division of 99...9 by 9. While the above notion seems not have changed over the last 50 years, it reflects only a special case of a broader class of problems involving two variables. It seems strange, that while binomial formula is discussed and studied widely [7], [8], little research is done on its counterpart with all coefficients equal to one, which we will call here the subnomial. The study focuses on its basic properties and applies it to some simple problems usually proven by induction [6].
Algebraic Numbers
Authors: Watase Yasushige 
Published: February 2017

Summary
This article provides definitions and examples upon an integral element of unital commutative rings. An algebraic number is also treated as consequence of a concept of “integral”. Definitions for an integral closure, an algebraic integer and a transcendental numbers [14], [1], [10] and [7] are included as well. As an application of an algebraic number, this article includes a formal proof of a ring extension of rational number field ℚ induced by substitution of an algebraic number to the polynomial ring of ℚ[x] turns to be a field.
Niven’s Theorem
Authors: Korniłowicz Artur , Naumowicz Adam 
Published: February 2017

Summary
This article formalizes the proof of Niven’s theorem [12] which states that if x/π and sin(x) are both rational, then the sine takes values 0, ±1/2, and ±1. The main part of the formalization follows the informal proof presented at Pr∞fWiki (https://proofwiki.org/wiki/Niven’s_Theorem#Source_of_Name). For this proof, we have also formalized the rational and integral root theorems setting constraints on solutions of polynomial equations with integer coefficients [8, 9].
Pliocene –Pleistocene geomorphological evolution of the Adriatic side of Central Italy
Authors: Gentili Bernardino , Pambianchi Gilberto , Aringoli Domenico , Materazzi Marco , Giacopetti Marco 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This work is a significant contribution to knowledge of the Quaternary and pre-Quaternary morphogenesis of a wide sector of central Italy, from the Apennine chain to the Adriatic Sea. The goal is achieved through a careful analysis and interpretation of stratigraphic and tectonic data relating to marine and continental sediments and, mostly, through the study of relict limbs of ancient landscapes (erosional surfaces shaped by prevailing planation processes). The most important scientific datum is the definition of the time span in which the modelling of the oldest morphological element (the “summit relict surface”) occurred: it started during Messinian in the westernmost portion and after a significant phase during middle-late Pliocene, ended in the early Pleistocene. During the middle and late Pleistocene, the rapid tectonic uplift of the area and the climate fluctuations favoured the deepening of the hydrographic network and the genesis of three orders of fluvial terraces, thus completing the fundamental features of the landscape. The subsequent Holocene evolution reshaped the minor elements, but not the basic ones.
Long-term geomorphological evolution in the Abruzzo area, Central Italy: twenty years of research
Authors: Miccadei Enrico , Piacentini Tommaso , Buccolini Marcello 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe most recent research studies into the long-term landscape evolution of the Abruzzo area, carried out over the last twenty years at the “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, are based on an integrated approach incorporating structural geology and geomorphology and, in particular, the geomorphometry of topographic and hydrographic aspects, geological and structural-geomorphological surveys and mapping supported by morpho-stratigraphic and chronological constraints. The geomorphological analyses have allowed us to outline the main stages of geomorphological evolution and to identify the factors that have contributed to the landscape shaping of the Apennine Chain, the Adriatic Piedmont and the fluvial plains and coastal sectors, up to the Tremiti islands. In the Apennine Chain, landscape evolution — in a ridge, valley and basin system — is connected to the regional uplift, local tectonic subsidence and local base level variations, which have led to changes in the drainage systems, from exoreic to endorheic (in the intermontane basins) and then to exoreic again. In the Adriatic Piedmont, landscape shaping is connected to uplifting and eustatic sea-level fluctuations, which have induced the formation of a structure-controlled drainage system and the shaping of systems of entrenched alluvial fans and large consequent river valleys, with flights of river terraces. In the coastal Adriatic area — composed of a coastal plain-coastal slope system (northern and southern coast) and of a cliffed rocky coast (central coast, Tremiti) interrupted by river valleys — landscape shaping is the result of selective erosion due to the interaction between marine geomorphic processes and slope processes connected to Late Quaternary eustatic fluctuations.
Long-term landscape evolution of the Molise sector of the central-southern Apennines, Italy
Authors: Amato Vincenzo , Aucelli Pietro P.C. , Bracone Vito , Cesarano Massimo , Rosskopf Carmen Maria 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper concerns the reconstruction of the main stages of the long-term landscape evolution of the Molise portion of the central-southern Apennines along a transect divided into three sectors (SW, Central and NE). Analysis mainly focused on geomorphological, stratigraphical and structural data supported by chronological constraints, coming from an overall review of past literature and several studies carried out by the authors of the paper during the last 20 years. The results obtained allowed the elaboration of a conceptual model of the long-term evolution of the Molise sector of the central-southern Apennines. Starting from the Pliocene, the emersion of the Molise area occurred gradually from SW to NE, allowing a polycyclic landscape to evolve under the major controls first of compression then transtensional to extensional tectonics as well as climatic variations. Principal markers of the Quaternary geomorphological evolution of the Molise area are represented by the infill successions of the intermontane tectonic depressions located in its internal, SW sector and by four orders of palaeosurfaces that developed between the Early Pleistocene and the beginning of the Late Pleistocene across the region. These markers testify to the alternation of phases of substantial tectonic stability and uplift whose spatial-temporal distribution could be assessed along the investigated transect. Results highlight that the most important stages of landscape evolution occurred during the Early and Middle Pleistocene. At the beginning of the Late Pleistocene, the Molise sector of the Apennine chain had already reached its present setting and further landscape evolution occurred under the major control of climate and land-use.
Quaternary evolution of the Southern Apennines coastal plains: a review
Authors: Santangelo Nicoletta , Romano Paola , Ascione Alessandra , Russo Ermolli Elda 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Quaternary evolution of the main coastal basins located along the southwestern margin of the Southern Apennines has been reconstructed by integrating the huge amount of existing stratigraphical and geomorphological data. The information produced in the last twenty years has shed new light on the recent (late Middle Pleistocene to Present) history of the Campanian and Sele plains or basins. During the early Quaternary, the analysed coastal basins originated as half-grabens in response to opening processes active since the late Tortonian in the southern Tyrrhenian back-arc basin. In some of these basins (e.g. the Campanian Plain), volcanism has also played an important role. In the inner sectors of the coastal basins, the complex interplay between block faulting, sedimentary inputs and glacioeustatic fluctuations gave rise to relative sea-level change and related coastline migrations, leading to the formation of the present-day coastal plains. In the Sele Plain basin, the construction of the present-day landscape mainly resulted from the substantial ceasing of subsidence in the final part of the Middle Pleistocene. Conversely, a strong contribution to the recent evolution of the Campanian Plain has been provided by abundant volcaniclastic aggradation, able to hinder the effect of the vertical motions that occurred in the last 100 ka.
Long-term geomorphological evolution of the axial zone of the Campania-Lucania Apennine, southern Italy: a review
Authors: Schiattarella Marcello , Giano Salvatore Ivo , Gioia Dario 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Uplift and erosion rates have been calculated for a large sector of the Campania-Lucania Apennine and Calabrian arc, Italy, using both geomorphological observations (elevations, ages and arrangement of depositional and erosional land surfaces and other morphotectonic markers) and stratigraphical and structural data (sea-level related facies, base levels, fault kinematics, and fault offset estimations). The values of the Quaternary uplift rates of the southern Apennines vary from 0.2 mm/yr to about 1.2–1.3 mm/yr. The erosion rates from key-areas of the southern Apennines, obtained from both quantitative geomorphic analysis and missing volumes calculations, has been estimated at 0.2 mm/yr since the Middle Pleistocene. Since the Late Pleistocene erosion and uplift rates match well, the axial-zone landscape could have reached a flux steady state during that time, although it is more probable that the entire study area may be a transient landscape. Tectonic denudation phenomena — leading to the exhumation of the Mesozoic core of the chain — followed by an impressive regional planation started in the Late Pliocene have to be taken into account for a coherent explanation of the morphological evolution of southern Italy.
Law & Economics in the Italian Constitutional Jurisprudence: The Case of the Windfall Profit Tax on Energy Companies
Authors: Amorello Luca , Ronco Stefano Maria 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn the judgment issued on 2 February 2015 the Italian Constitutional Court decided upon the constitutional legitimacy of the windfall profit tax imposed by the Italian government in 2008 on profitable energy companies. In his decision the Court disentangles the very economic foundations of such a tax and seeks to explain under its legal reasoning the market outcomes for the energy industry. The aim of this article is to assess the path-breaking law and economics methodology used, for the first time, by the Italian Court to scrutinize the very nature of the tax reform. In doing this, the authors discuss how the Court envisages both a micro and a macro-economic perspective in its analysis which, in turn, shall take into account the primary principles embedded in the Italian Constitution. The newly adopted methodology may entail a change of paradigm in the way the Constitutional Court carries out its own review of constitutionality with respect to domestic provisions with far-reaching economic and budgetary consequences.
On one two-point BVP for the fourth order linear ordinary differential equation
Authors: Mukhigulashvili Sulkhan , Manjikashvili Mariam 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this article we consider the two-point boundary value problem

{

u

(
4
)

⁢

(
t
)

=

p
⁢

(
t
)

⁢
u
⁢

(
t
)

+

h
⁢

(
t
)

for
⁢
a

≤
t
≤
b

,

u

(
i
)

(
a
)

=

c

1
⁢
i

,

u

(
i
)

(
b
)

=

c

2
⁢
i

(
i
=
0
,
1
)

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} &\displaystyle u^{(4)}(t)=p(t)u(t)+h(t)\quad\text{for }%
a\leq t\leq b,\\
&\displaystyle u^{(i)}(a)=c_{1i},\quad u^{(i)}(b)=c_{2i}\quad(i=0,1),\end{%
aligned}\right.

where

c

1
⁢
i

,

c

2
⁢
i

∈
R

{c_{1i},c_{2i}\in R}

,

h
,
p

∈

L
⁢

(

[
a
,
b
]

;
R
)

{h,p\in L([a,b];R)}

.
Here we study the question of dimension of the space of nonzero solutions and oscillatory behaviors of nonzero solutions on the interval

[
a
,
b
]

{[a,b]}

for the corresponding homogeneous problem, and establish efficient sufficient conditions of solvability for the nonhomogeneous problem.
Fluoro-Ruby as a reliable marker for regenerating fiber tracts
Authors: Radtke Christine , Kocsis Jeffery D. , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Vogt Peter M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAxon visualization techniques are important in assessing the efficacy of interventional approaches to stimulate neural regeneration. Whereas the labeling of descending tracts in the spinal cord has been well established using the intracortical injection of biotin dextran amine (BDA), the labeling of ascending sensory fibers of the dorsal funiculus is more problematic. Fluoro-Ruby (FR; dextran tetramethylrhodamine; MW 10,000) is a bidirectional permanent tracer, but the retrograde tracing of fibers is particularly prominent, and FR is a highly sensitive tracer that can be applied in discrete injection sites. In the present report, we used FR to efficiently label ascending fibers in the dorsal columns of the rat spinal cord. After transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells into the transected dorsal funiculus, the application of FR was able to detect regenerating ascending fibers in the spinal cord. Regenerated fibers crossing the injury site were labeled and easily identified. It is likely that the tracer was taken up by damaged fibers. As additional advantages, the labeling is resistant to photobleaching and no additional tissue processing is necessary for visualization. It can be used forin vivoas well asin vitroinjections. The findings indicate that FR can be used as a reliable fluorescent marker to study ascending regenerated fibers in the spinal cord axonal regeneration.
Risk factors for perioperative complications in inguinal hernia repair – a systematic review
Authors: Weyhe Dirk , Tabriz Navid , Sahlmann Bianca , Uslar Verena-Nicole 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe current literature suggests that perioperative complications occur in 8%–10% of all inguinal hernia repairs. However, the clinical relevance of these complications is currently unknown. In our review, based on 571,445 hernia repairs reported in 39 publications, we identified the following potential risk factors: patient age, ASA score, diabetes, smoking, mode of admission (emergency vs. elective surgery), surgery in low resource settings, type of anesthesia, and (in men) bilateral and sliding hernias. The most commonly reported complications are bleeding (0.9%), wound infection (0.5%), and pulmonary and cardiovascular complications (0.2%). In 3.9% of the included publications, a reliable grading of the reported complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification was possible. Using this classification retrospectively, we could show that, in patients with complications, these are clinically relevant for about 22% of these patients (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥IIIa). About 78% of all patients suffered from complications needing only minor (meaning mostly medical) intervention (Clavien-Dindo grade <III). Especially with regard to the low incidence of complications in inguinal hernia repair, future studies should use the Clavien-Dindo classification to achieve better comparability between studies, thus enabling better correlation with potential risk factors.
Swarm Intelligence Algorithm Based on Competitive Predators with Dynamic Virtual Teams
Authors: Yang Shiqin , Sato Yuji 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn our previous work, Fitness Predator Optimizer (FPO) is proposed to avoid premature convergence for multimodal problems. In FPO, all of the particles are seen as predators. Only the competitive, powerful predator that are selected as an elite could achieve the limited opportunity to update. The elite generation with roulette wheel selection could increase individual independence and reduce rapid social collaboration. Experimental results show that FPO is able to provide excellent performance of global exploration and local minima avoidance simultaneously. However, to the higher dimensionality of multimodal problem, the slow convergence speed becomes the bottleneck of FPO. A dynamic team model is utilized in FPO, named DFPO to accelerate the early convergence rate. In this paper, DFPO is more precisely described and its variant, DFPO-r is proposed to improve the performance of DFPO. A method of team size selection is proposed in DFPO-r to increase population diversity. The population diversity is one of the most important factors that determines the performance of the optimization algorithm. A higher degree of population diversity is able to help DFPO-r alleviate a premature convergence. The strategy of selection is to choose team size according to the higher degree of population diversity. Ten well-known multimodal benchmark functions are used to evaluate the solution capability of DFPO and DFPO-r. Six benchmark functions are extensively set to 100 dimensions to investigate the performance of DFPO and DFPO-r compared with LBest PSO, Dolphin Partner Optimization and FPO. Experimental results show that both DFPO and DFPO-r could demonstrate the desirable performance. Furthermore, DFPO-r shows better robustness performance compared with DFPO in experimental study.
Modelling Uncertainties in Multi-Criteria Decision Making using Distance Measure and TOPSIS for Hesitant Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Beg Ismat , Rashid Tabasam 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA notion for distance between hesitant fuzzy data is given. Using this new distance notion, we propose the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution for hesitant fuzzy sets and a new approach in modelling uncertainties. An illustrative example is constructed to show the feasibility and practicality of the new method.
Rule Based Networks: An Efficient and Interpretable Representation of Computational Models
Authors: Liu Han , Gegov Alexander , Cocea Mihaela 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Due to the vast and rapid increase in the size of data, data mining has been an increasingly important tool for the purpose of knowledge discovery to prevent the presence of rich data but poor knowledge. In this context, machine learning can be seen as a powerful approach to achieve intelligent data mining. In practice, machine learning is also an intelligent approach for predictive modelling. Rule learning methods, a special type of machine learning methods, can be used to build a rule based system as a special type of expert systems for both knowledge discovery and predictive modelling. A rule based system may be represented through different structures. The techniques for representing rules are known as rule representation, which is significant for knowledge discovery in relation to the interpretability of the model, as well as for predictive modelling with regard to efficiency in predicting unseen instances. This paper justifies the significance of rule representation and presents several existing representation techniques. Two types of novel networked topologies for rule representation are developed against existing techniques. This paper also includes complexity analysis of the networked topologies in order to show their advantages comparing with the existing techniques in terms of model interpretability and computational efficiency.
A Novel Deep Neural Network that Uses Space-Time Features for Tracking and Recognizing a Moving Object
Authors: Chang Oscar , Constante Patricia , Gordon Andrés , Singaña Marco 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This work proposes a deep neural net (DNN) that accomplishes the reliable visual recognition of a chosen object captured with a webcam and moving in a 3D space. Autoencoding and substitutional reality are used to train a shallow net until it achieves zero tracking error in a discrete ambient. This trained individual is set to work in a real world closed loop system where images coming from a webcam produce displacement information for a moving region of interest (ROI) inside the own image. This loop gives rise to an emergent tracking behavior which creates a self-maintain flow of compressed space-time data. Next, short term memory elements are set to play a key role by creating new representations in terms of a space-time matrix. The obtained representations are delivery as input to a second shallow network which acts as “recognizer”. A noise balanced learning method is used to fast train the recognizer with real-world images, giving rise to a simple and yet powerful robotic eye, with a slender neural processor that vigorously tracks and recognizes the chosen object. The system has been tested with real images in real time.
Design of Fuzzy Rule-based Classifiers through Granulation and Consolidation
Authors: Riid Andri , Preden Jürgo-Sören 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper addresses the issue how to strike a good balance between accuracy and compactness in classification systems - still an important question in machine learning and data mining. The fuzzy rule-based classification approach proposed in current paper exploits the method of rule granulation for error reduction and the method of rule consolidation for complexity reduction. The cooperative nature of those methods - the rules are split in a way that makes efficient rule consolidation feasible and rule consolidation itself is capable of further error reduction - is demonstrated in a number of experiments with nine benchmark classification problems. Further complexity reduction, if necessary, is provided by rule compression.
Assessment of health-related quality of life in Egyptian adolescents with type 1 diabetes: DEMPU survey
Authors: Hassan Mona , Musa Noha , Abdel Hai Rehab , Fathy Ashgan , Ibrahim Amany 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground:Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a serious chronic illness that imposes significant morbidity and mortality with a major impact on the quality of life (QoL) that became a core issue in diabetes care. Understanding the effect of diabetes on QoL is important for day-to-day clinical management and also for public health policy initiatives aiming at improving health outcomes for those with diabetes. The objective of the study was to assess the QoL in adolescents with T1D and assess the applicability of the use of the “Quality of Life for Youth” questionnaire at the Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Pediatric Unit (DEMPU) clinic.Methods:One hundred and fifty adolescents (82 males and 68 females) (10–18 years), with T1D of at least 1 years’ duration, completed the questionnaire that evaluated symptoms related to diabetes, treatment, activities, parent issues, worries about diabetes and health perception. Higher scores indicated a more negative impact of diabetes and poorer QoL.Results:Males showed a significantly better mean QoL score than females (p=0.004). Different age groups showed different QoL scores (p=0.047). Urban adolescents had a better QoL than rural counterparts (p=0.02). Adolescents with poor QoL had generally lower educational level (p=0.02). Better metabolic control was associated with a better QoL (p=0.01). However, duration of diabetes and body mass index (BMI) had no statistically significant effect on QoL.Conclusions:QoL had a variable significant association with certain socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetics (sex, residence, educational level as well as metabolic control).