bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise Decreases Marrow Adipose Tissue Through ß-Oxidation in Obese Running Mice
Authors: Styner Maya , Pagnotti Gabriel M , McGrath Cody , Wu Xin , Sen Buer , Uzer Gunes , Xie Zhihui , Zong Xiaopeng , Styner Martin A , Rubin Clinton T , Rubin Janet 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

The relationship between marrow adipose tissue (MAT) and bone health is poorly understood. We used running exercise to ask whether obesity-associated MAT can be attenuated via exercise and whether this correlates with gains in bone quantity and quality. C57BL/6 mice were divided into diet-induced obesity (DIO, n = 14) versus low-fat diet (LFD, n = 14). After 3 months, 16-week-old mice were allocated to an exercise intervention (LFD-E, DIO-E) or a control group (LFD, DIO) for 6 weeks (4 groups, n = 7/group). Marrow adipocyte area was 44% higher with obesity (p &lt; 0.0001) and after exercise 33% lower in LFD (p &lt; 0.0001) and 39% lower in DIO (p &lt; 0.0001). In LFD, exercise did not affect adipocyte number; however, in DIO, the adipocyte number was 56% lower (p &lt; 0.0001). MAT was 44% higher in DIO measured by osmium-μCT, whereas exercise associated with reduced MAT (–23% in LFD, –48% in DIO, p &lt; 0.05). MAT was additionally quantified by 9.4TMRI, and correlated with osmium-µCT (r = 0.645; p &lt; 0.01). Consistent with higher lipid beta oxidation, perilipin 3 (PLIN3) rose with exercise in tibial mRNA (+92% in LFD, +60% in DIO, p &lt; 0.05). Tibial µCT-derived trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) was not influenced by DIO but responded to exercise with an increase of 19% (p &lt; 0.001). DIO was associated with higher cortical periosteal and endosteal volumes of 15% (p = 0.012) and 35% (p &lt; 0.01), respectively, but Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar was lower by 2.4% (p &lt; 0.05). There was a trend for higher stiffness (N/m) in DIO, and exercise augmented this further. In conclusion, obesity associated with increases in marrow lipid—measured by osmium-μCT and MRI—and partially due to an increase in adipocyte size, suggesting increased lipid uptake into preexisting adipocytes. Exercise associated with smaller adipocytes and less bone lipid, likely invoking increased ß-oxidation and basal lipolysis as evidenced by higher levels of PLIN3. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The use of carbonatite rock powder as a liming agent
Authors: Myrvang Mona Bakke , Heim Michael , Krogstad Tore , Almås Åsgeir R. , Gjengedal Elin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCarbonatite rock powder, originating from the Lillebukt Alkaline Complex at Stjernøy in northern Norway, can potentially be used as a slow‐releasing lime and potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) fertilizer due to a high concentration of the easily weathered minerals calcite (42%) and biotite (30%). However, the enrichment of barium (Ba) and strontium (Sr) may cause an undesired uptake to plants when carbonatite is applied to agroecosystems. A pot experiment was designed to investigate the liming and fertilization effects of carbonatite and the potential mobilization of Ba and Sr compared to a dolomite lime commonly used in Norwegian agriculture. These liming agents were mixed with a sandy soil applied to different amounts of peat, and the uptake of Ba, Sr, calcium (Ca), Mg, and K by Festuca arundinácea Schreb. Kora (tall fescue) and Trifolium repens L. Milkanova (white clover) was evaluated. The liming agents were generally incapable of buffering the acidifying effect from increased applications of peat, while the plant dry mass was unaffected. Compared to pots given dolomite and soluble K, the availability of K from carbonatite to plants was equally high or higher, and no difference in the K:(Ca + Mg) ratio in plants was observed. Carbonatite was a significant source to plant Ba and Sr, and the uptake seemed to follow the Ca uptake. Addition of peat amplified the uptake of Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, and K to plants, probably an effect of organic acid‐induced weathering of carbonatite. White clover took up Ba, Sr, and Ca more effectively than tall fescue, but the Ba and Sr concentrations in plants were relatively moderate compared to concentrations reported from field investigations.
Tracking the behavior of Maillard browning in lysine/arginine–sugar model systems under high hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Ma Xiao‐juan , Gao Jin‐yan , Tong Ping , Li Xin , Chen Hong‐bing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh‐pressure processing is gaining popularity in the food industry. However, its effect on the Maillard reaction during high‐pressure‐assisted pasteurization and sterilization is not well documented. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the Maillard reaction during these processes using amino acid (lysine or arginine)–sugar (glucose or fructose) solution models.RESULTSHigh pressure retarded the intermediate and final stages of the Maillard reaction in the lysine–sugar model. For the lysine–glucose model, the degradation rate of Amadori compounds was decelerated, while acceleration was observed in the arginine–sugar model. Increased temperature not only accelerated the Maillard reaction over time but also formed fluorescent compounds with different emission wavelengths. Lysine reacted with the sugars more readily than arginine under the same conditions. In addition, it was easier for lysine to react with glucose, whereas arginine reacted more readily with fructose under high pressure.CONCLUSIONHigh pressure exerts different effects on lysine–sugar and arginine–sugar models. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Infection‐related mortality in Hispanic and non‐Hispanic children with cancer
Authors: Smits‐Seemann Rochelle R. , Pettit Jacob , Li Hongyan , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Fluchel Mark N. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundHispanic children with cancer experience poorer survival than their White counterparts. Infection is a known cause of cancer‐related mortality; however, little is known about the risk of infection‐related death among Hispanic children with cancer. We examine the association of Hispanic ethnicity with infection‐related mortality and life‐threatening events among children with cancer.ProcedureFor a cohort of all pediatric cancer patients diagnosed from 1986 to 2012 and treated at a single tertiary care center, we obtained national death records to determine all‐cause mortality and infection‐related mortality, as well as intensive care unit (ICU) admissions as a surrogate for life‐threatening events. Cox proportional hazard models assessed all‐cause mortality and infection‐related mortality using ethnicity as the main independent variable. ICU admission rates were modeled using a zero‐inflated Poisson regression model. Models were adjusted for gender, diagnosis year, age, residential location, and diagnosis.ResultsOf 6,198 patients, 741 (12%) were Hispanic. Mean follow‐up was 11 years (SD = 8.04). There were 1,205 deaths, with 193 attributable to infection. Differences in all‐cause mortality between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic patients did not reach significance (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96–1.36). However, Hispanic patients were 68% (HR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.16–2.43) more likely to have an infection‐related cause of death. Hispanic ethnicity was statistically associated with a higher rate of ICU admissions (rate ratio = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.12–1.56).ConclusionHispanic pediatric cancer patients were more likely to have an infection‐related death and higher rates of ICU admissions than non‐Hispanic patients. Infection may be an overlooked contributor to poorer outcomes among Hispanic patients.
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(1;19)/TCF3‐PBX1 in Taiwan
Authors: Yen Hsiu‐Ju , Chen Shih‐Hsiang , Chang Tsung‐Yen , Yang Chao‐Ping , Lin Dong‐Tsamn , Hung Iou‐Jih , Lin Kai‐Hsin , Chen Jiann‐Shiuh , Hsiao Chih‐Cheng , Chang Tai‐Tsung , Chang Te‐Kao , Peng Ching‐Tien , Lin Ming‐Tsan , Jaing Tang‐Her , Liu Hsi‐Che , Jou Shiann‐Tarng , Lu Meng‐Yao , Cheng Chao‐Neng , Sheen Jiunn‐Ming , Chiou Shyh‐Shin , Hung Giun‐Yi , Wu Kang‐Hsi , Yeh Ting‐Chi , Wang Shih‐Chung , Chen Rong‐Long , Chang Hsiu‐Hao , Yang Yung‐Li , Chen Shu‐Huey , Cheng Shin‐Nan , Chang Yu‐Hsiang , Chen Bow‐Wen , Hsieh Yuh‐Lin , Huang Fang‐Liang , Ho Wan‐Ling , Wang Jinn‐Li , Chang Chia‐Yau , Chao Yu‐Hua , Lin Pei‐Chin , Chen Yu‐Chieh , Liao Yu‐Mei , Lin Tung‐Huei , Shih Lee‐Yung , Liang Der‐Cherng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), t(1;19)(q23;p13.3) with TCF3‐PBX1 fusion is one of the most frequent translocations. Historically, it has been associated with poor prognosis. Intensive treatment, however, has improved its outcome. We determined the outcome of children with this genotype treated with contemporary intensive chemotherapy in Taiwan.ProcedureIn Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group 2002 ALL studies, genotypes were determined by cytogenetic analysis and/or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay. Based on presenting features, immunophenotype and genotype, patients were assigned to one of the three risk groups: standard risk (SR), high risk (HR), or very high risk (VHR). The patients with t(1;19)/TCF3‐PBX1 were treated in the HR arm receiving more intensive chemotherapy. The outcomes of patients with t(1;19)/TCF3‐PBX1 were compared to that of patients with other subtypes of B‐precursor ALL (B‐ALL).ResultsOf the 1,129 patients with B‐ALL, 64 (5.7%) had t(1;19)/TCF3‐PBX1; 51 of whom were treated in the HR arm, but 11 were treated in the VHR and 2 in the SR arm because of physician's preference. As a group, 64 patients with t(1;19)/TCF3‐PBX1 had similar 5‐year event‐free survival (83.3 ± 4.8%) as those with TEL‐AML1 (85.2 ± 3.4%, P = 0.984) or those with hyperdiploidy >50 (84.0 ± 3.1%, P = 0.748). The cumulative risk of any (isolated plus combined) central nervous system relapse among patients with t(1;19)/TCF3‐PBX1 (8.7 ± 3.8%) tended to be higher than that of patients with TEL‐AML1 (5.8 ± 2.3%, P = 0.749) or those with hyperdiploidy (4.1 ± 1.8%, P = 0.135), albeit the differences did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsWith contemporary intensive chemotherapy, children with t(1;19)/TCF3‐PBX1 fared as well as those with favorable genotypes (TEL‐AML1 or hyperdiploidy).
Early and late adverse effects of radioiodine for pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Albano Domenico , Bertagna Francesco , Panarotto Maria Beatrice , Giubbini Raffaele 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundRadioiodine‐131 (I131) therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is generally a safe and effective treatment, but it has some potential side effects, which have been well described in adults but less analyzed in children. Our aim was to describe early and late adverse events of radioactive I131 in pediatric patients.MethodsAll consecutive patients ≤18 years treated for DTC in the period 1980–2015 were retrospectively analyzed for early and late side effects of radioiodine. Early side effects include nausea/emesis, radiation thyroiditis, sialadenitis, dry mouth, and transient bone marrow (BM) suppression. Late complications include permanent salivary gland dysfunction, permanent BM suppression, pulmonary fibrosis, second cancers, and fertility problems.ResultsOne hundred five pediatric patients were treated with I131 for DTC in our department for a total amount of 302 radioiodine treatments. In total, 127 early complications were recorded: 44 episodes of nausea/emesis; 30 sialoadenitis, 24 thyroiditis, 18 dry mouth, and 11 transient BM suppression. Early side effects were correlated with the amount of radioactivity administered in any treatment. Twelve children developed ≥1 late complication for a total of 20 complications: two permanent salivary gland dysfunction, four permanent BM suppression, five pulmonary fibrosis, four second malignancies, and five fertility alterations. Late events, except fertility alterations, were correlated with the number of therapies and cumulative activities of I131.ConclusionsIn conclusion, early side effects of I131 are associated with the amount of administrated activities of each treatment, while the late effects are correlated with the number of treatments and cumulative activities of radioiodine, except for fertility problems.
Reactivity of fatty acid methyl esters under atmospheric pressure plasma jet exposure: An experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Martini Luca Matteo , Maranzana Andrea , Tonachini Glauco , Bortolotti Giulia , Scapinello Marco , Scotoni Mario , Guella Graziano , Dilecce Giorgio , Tosi Paolo 
Published: April 2017

We have investigated the treatment of a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters by an RF‐plasma jet with He‐H2O and He‐O2 gas feed. We have measured the concentration of the hydroxyl radical in the jet by laser induced fluorescence, looking for correlation with the lipid reactivity. We have detected four product families, whose yields increase with the OH exposure: volatile products, polymerization products, reduced chains, and oxidized chains. Theoretical calculations give insights on the radical attack to the lipid chain and show that none of the products can be attributed exclusively to reactions with OH. Therefore, the observed reactant conversion as function of the OH exposure must be interpreted as a qualitative relationship with the total amount of radical species present in the plasma jet.PACS: 52.80.Tn, 82.33.Xj, 31.15.E‐.
Eigenvalue confinement and spectral gap for random simplicial complexes
Authors: Knowles Antti , Rosenthal Ron 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe consider the adjacency operator of the Linial‐Meshulam model for random simplicial complexes on n vertices, where each d‐cell is added independently with probability p to the complete ‐skeleton. Under the assumption , we prove that the spectral gap between the smallest eigenvalues and the remaining eigenvalues is with high probability. This estimate follows from a more general result on eigenvalue confinement. In addition, we prove that the global distribution of the eigenvalues is asymptotically given by the semicircle law. The main ingredient of the proof is a Füredi‐Komlós‐type argument for random simplicial complexes, which may be regarded as sparse random matrix models with dependent entries. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 51, 506–537, 2017
Tip110 Deletion Impaired Embryonic and Stem Cell Development Involving Downregulation of Stem Cell Factors Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2
Authors: Whitmill Amanda , Liu Ying , Timani Khalid Amine , Niu Yinghua , He Johnny J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
HIV-1 Tat-interacting protein of 110 kDa, Tip110, plays important roles in multiple biological processes. In this study, we aimed to characterize the function of Tip110 in embryonic development. Transgenic mice lacking expression of a functional Tip110 gene (Tip110–/–) died post-implantation, and Tip110–/– embryos exhibited developmental arrest between 8.5 and 9.5 days post coitum. However, in vitro cultures of Tip110–/–embryos showed that Tip110 loss did not impair embryo growth from the zygote to the blastocyst. Extended in vitro cultures of Tip110–/– blastocysts showed that Tip110 loss impaired both blastocyst outgrowth and self-renewal and survival of blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cells. Microarray analysis of Tip110–/– embryonic stem cells revealed that Tip110 loss altered differentiation, pluripotency, and cycling of embryonic stem cells and was associated with downregulation of several major stem cell factors including Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 through a complex network of signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings document for the first time the lethal effects of complete loss of Tip110 on mammalian embryonic development and suggest that Tip110 is an important regulator of not only embryonic development but also stem cell factors.
Population trends in prenatal detection of transposition of great arteries: impact of obstetric screening ultrasound guidelines
Authors: Ravi P. , Mills L. , Fruitman D. , Savard W. , Colen T. , Khoo N. , Serrano‐Lomelin J. , Hornberger L. K. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesDextro‐transposition of the great arteries (d‐TGA) is one of the most common critical neonatal heart defects, with a low detection rate antenatally. We sought to evaluate trends in the prenatal detection of d‐TGA with or without ventricular septal defect (VSD) in Alberta over the past 13 years, examining the potential impact of ultrasound guidelines incorporating screening of cardiac outflow tracts, updated in 2009–2010 and in 2013, and factors affecting detection of the condition.MethodsAll fetuses and neonates with d‐TGA, with or without VSD, encountered between 2003 and 2015 in the province of Alberta, were identified retrospectively. Clinical records including obstetric ultrasound reports were reviewed. Pregnancy outcome, common referral indications and associated maternal and fetal pathology in affected pregnancies were assessed.ResultsFrom 2003 to 2015, 127 cases with d‐TGA were encountered in Alberta, of which 47 (37%) were detected prenatally. Prenatal detection improved over the study period, from 14% in 2003–2010, to 50% in 2011–2013, and to 77% in 2014–2015. Of the 47 fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of d‐TGA, an indication for fetal echocardiography included abnormal or poorly visualized cardiac outflows with normal four‐chamber view in 46 (98%). Comorbidities were identified in 12 mothers, only five of which represented an additional reason for fetal echocardiography referral, and four fetuses had extracardiac pathology.ConclusionSubstantial improvement in the prenatal detection of d‐TGA has been observed in Alberta over the past few years, owing to improved screening of cardiac outflow tracts on routine obstetric ultrasound examination in otherwise healthy pregnancies, and has been temporally associated with updated obstetric ultrasound guidelines suggesting that these contributed to optimized screening of affected pregnancies. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Location or insolation: the importance of siting in emissions mitigation from solar photovoltaics
Authors: Johnson Jeremiah X. 
Published: April 2017

Achieving environmental benefits is often a primary motivation for integrating renewable energy into the grid. The magnitude of generation from a solar power project is influenced by the solar resource quality, but locations with high insolation do not necessarily yield the greatest emission reduction benefits. This study simulates the power system response to 10 identical solar projects in different regions across the United States, selected to represent a wide range of solar resource quality and power grid configurations. The power grid mix is often a key determinant in offsetting CO2
, SO2
, and NOx
emissions, illustrating how lower‐quality solar resources can be more effective than sunnier sites at emissions mitigation when one considers characteristics of the power grid. The analysis shows a strong relationship between emissions mitigation and the share of offset generation that is coal‐fired. The strongest correlation is shown for CO2
; the presence or absence of emissions control equipment and the sulfur content of the coal complicates the relationship of SO2
and NOx
. The emissions intensity of offset generation is insensitive to whether the solar project is fixed tilt or single‐axis tracking. When seeking to mitigate power sector emissions, the impacts of solar design considerations on the temporal profile of generation are less important than the overall amount of generation and the location of interconnection. Public policies that target only the magnitude of generation from renewables (e.g., many Renewable Portfolio Standards) or the installed cost (e.g., the Investment Tax Credit) will likely lead to suboptimal emissions mitigation. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e249. doi: 10.1002/wene.249This article is categorized under:

Photovoltaics > Climate and Environment
Energy and Development > Systems and Infrastructure
Enhanced butyric acid tolerance and production by Class I heat shock protein-overproducing Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755
Authors: Suo Yukai , Luo Sheng , Zhang Yanan , Liao Zhengping , Wang Jufang 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The response of Clostridium tyrobutyricum to butyric acid stress involves various stress-related genes, and therefore overexpression of stress-related genes can improve butyric acid tolerance and yield. Class I heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in the process of protecting bacteria from sudden changes of extracellular stress by assisting protein folding correctly. The results of quantitative real-time PCR indicated that the Class I HSGs grpE, dnaK, dnaJ, groEL, groES, and htpG were significantly upregulated under butyric acid stress, especially the dnaK and groE operons. Overexpression of groESL and htpG could significantly improve the tolerance of C. tyrobutyricum to butyric acid, while overexpression of dnaK and dnaJ showed negative effects on butyric acid tolerance. Acid production was also significantly promoted by increased GroESL expression levels; the final butyric acid and acetic acid concentrations were 28.2 and 38% higher for C. tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755/groESL than for the wild-type strain. In addition, when fed-batch fermentation was carried out using cell immobilization in a fibrous-bed bioreactor, the butyric acid yield produced by C. tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755/groESL reached 52.2 g/L, much higher than that for the control. The improved butyric acid yield is probably attributable to the high GroES and GroEL levels, which can stabilize the biosynthetic machinery of C. tyrobutyricum under extracellular butyric acid stress.
The dissuasive effect of U.S. political influence on Chinese FDI during the “Going Global” policy era
Authors: Duanmu Jing-Lin , Urdinez Francisco 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBuilding on the growing debate on political determinants of foreign direct investment, we investigate the relationship between U.S. political influence and the global distribution of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). Using country-level and firm-level datasets of China's greenfield investment, we find strong evidence that Chinese state controlled firms strategically reduce investment in host countries under significant political influence of the United States. Our results are robust to alternative specification and two falsification tests. The findings suggest that the Chinese government uses FDI as a way of economic diplomacy.
Testing the Benefits of Cognitive Training vs. Cognitive Stimulation in Mild Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Tsantali E. , Economidis D. , Rigopoulou S. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose: To undertake a randomised controlled trial to test the benefits of cognitive training (CT) vs. cognitive stimulation (CS) on general cognitive function and memory in mild Alzheimer's disease (mAD).Method: A consecutive series of 55 mAD outpatients was randomly allocated to one of the three conditions, namely two experimental interventions (CT and CS; 17 participants each) and a control dementia (no intervention) group (CD; 21 participants). Participants in the experimental conditions received a 4-month individual intervention programme.Results: The participants in the CT condition demonstrated a large improvement in general cognitive state with moderate gains in areas of memory targeted by the intervention (semantic memory, naming and retrieval ability) 12 months after baseline measurement compared to the other two conditions. In addition, CT seemed to generalise the other cognitive abilities that were not directly targeted with small gains noted in other domains of cognition (prospective memory, face recognition, name a person) compared to CS and CD. Participants in both the CS and CD conditions showed significant general cognitive decline, even though CS was found to ameliorate the trajectory of this decline.