bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of nanoimprint lithography for high-volume semiconductor device manufacturing
Authors: Resnick Douglas J. , Choi Jin 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Imprint lithography has been shown to be a promising technique for the replication of nanoscale features. Jet and flash imprint lithography (J-FIL) [jet and flash imprint lithography and J-FIL are trademarks of Molecular Imprints, Inc.] involves the field-by-field deposition and exposure of a low-viscosity resist deposited by jetting technology onto the substrate. The patterned mask is lowered into the fluid, which then quickly flows into the relief patterns in the mask by capillary action. After this filling step, the resist is cross-linked under UV radiation, and then the mask is removed, leaving a patterned resist on the substrate. There are many criteria that determine whether a particular technology is ready for wafer manufacturing. Included on the list are overlay, throughput, and defectivity. The most demanding devices now require an overlay of better than 4 nm, 3σ. Throughput for an imprint tool is generally targeted at 80 wafers/h. Defectivity and mask life play a significant role relative to meeting the cost of ownership (CoO) requirements in the production of semiconductor devices. The purpose of this paper is to report the status of throughput and defectivity work and to describe the progress made in addressing overlay for advanced devices. To address high-order corrections, a high-order distortion correction (HODC) system is introduced. The combination of applying magnification actuation to the mask and temperature correction to the wafer is described in detail. Examples are presented for the correction of K7, K11, and K17 distortions as well as distortions on actual device wafers.
Study on the Growth Mechanism of K2Ti4O9 Crystal
Authors: Zhou Xuesong , Fan Jing , Wei Xiaoli , Shen Yi , Meng Yanzhi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPotassium hexatitanate (K2Ti4O9) whiskers were prepared by the kneading–drying–calcination method. After the preparation of products under different calcination temperatures and holding times, their morphology and structure were characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermal, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The XRD analysis showed that the reaction mixture was completely converted to K2Ti4O9 crystals at 800 °C when the T/K ratio was 3. Based on the analysis of LS (liquid–solid) growth mechanism, the corresponding transformation reaction mechanism during the roasting was elucidated. K2Ti4O9 whiskers grow mainly through the parallel action at a low temperature. With the increase in temperature, the series effect is obvious.
Kinetic Study on Phosphate Enrichment Behavior in CaO–SiO2–FeO–Fe2O3–P2O5 Steelmaking Slags
Authors: Li Jin-yan , Zhang Mei , Guo Min , Yang Xue-min 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe iso-thermal crystallization behavior of phosphate-enriched phase has been experimentally investigated in the rapidly quenched CaO–SiO2–FeO–Fe2O3–P2O5 steelmaking slags under different cooling schedules. The experimental results indicate that increasing endpoint temperature from 1453 to 1533 K and prolonging holding time from 2 to 60 min can result in an increasing tendency of the size of phosphate-enriched phase in the shape of one-dimensional rod. The crystallization kinetics of phosphate-enriched phase in steelmaking slags has been described by Avrami equation. The Avrami constant $$n$$ was obtained to be 0.472, while the crystallization rate constant $$k$$ was recommended as $$\ln k{\rm{= 57}}{\rm{. 40 + 12,273}}{\rm{. 96}}/T - {\rm{8}}{\rm{. 25}}\,\ln T - {\rm{5}}{\rm{. 5}\times{\rm 10}^{- 3}}T$$. Thus, the apparent activation energy $$E$$ of crystallization is recommended as $$E{\rm{= 537}}{\rm{. 60}} - {\rm{206}}{\rm{. 015}}T$$ kJ/mol.
Viability of Cassava peels spawn production and mushroom cultivation
Authors: Akinrinola-Akinyemi A.O. , Asagbra A.E. , Asiru W.B. , Lalemi M.O. , Okere V.O. , Oluwawole O.F. , Ajao O.M. , Isa I.O. , Sanni L.O. , Dike E.N. , Elemo G.N. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This work was carried out to ascertain the viability of spawn produced on cassava peels and used for spawning cassava peels and sawdust substrates and compare the yield with mushroom fruits from the conventional Sorghum bicolor known to be the best material for spawn production. Three different species of mushroom cultures were inoculated on cassava peels, two Pleurotus pulmonarius strains (FIIRO and Thailand) and Lentinus squarroslus. The study of mycelia colonization rate study was done in triplicate. L. squarroslus completed colonization within 18days of inoculation in test tube with a growth mean value of 11.16cm, the two strains of P. pulmonarius (FIIRO and Thailand) completed colonization in 21 days with FIIRO strain having growth mean value of 11.46cm and Thailand strain 11.20cm. Cassava peels spawn production was done in two ways, singly and supplemented with rice bran, yield from different species of mushroom (L. squarroslus and P. pulmonarius (FIIRO Strain) cultivated with cassava peels spawn in the study were compared with sorghum grains spawn. Different weight of 100, 200, 300g were used for cultivation, sorghum grains spawn produced the highest yield (202.13g) from the two species used followed by cassava peels supplemented with rice bran (179.86g) and single cassava peels spawn (124.13g). L. squarroslus did not fruit on cassava peels even with the sorghum grains spawn. The differences from the yield of the three spawn was negligible as the differences was not noticeable (cassava peels 124.133±5.21a, supplemented cassava peels spawn 179.867±0.64a, and sorghum grains spawn 202.133±8.86a). This result verified the use of cassava peels in the production of viable mushroom spawn.
Acute Neuromuscular Adaptations in Response to Low-Intensity Blood-Flow Restricted Exercise and High-Intensity Resistance Exercise: Are There Any Differences?
Authors: Fatela Pedro , Reis Joana F. , Mendonca Goncalo V. , Freitas Tomás , Valamatos Maria J. , Avela Janne , Mil-Homens Pedro 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Fatela, P, Reis, JF, Mendonca, GV, Freitas, T, Valamatos, MJ, Avela, J, and Mil-Homens, P. Acute neuromuscular adaptations in response to low-intensity blood flow restricted exercise and high-intensity resistance exercise: are there any differences? J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 902–910, 2018—Numerous studies have reported similar neuromuscular adaptations between low-intensity (LI) blood-flow restricted exercise (BFRE) and high-intensity (HI) resistance training. Unfortunately, none of these experimental designs individualized blood flow restriction (BFR) levels to each participant. Thus, their findings are difficult to interpret. We aimed at comparing the acute effects of LI BFR (80% of absolute vascular occlusion pressure) with LI non-BFR and HI training on muscle torque, activation, and neuromuscular fatigue. Ten men (23.8 ± 5.4 years) exercised at 20 and 75% of 1 repetition maximum with and without BFR (for LI). Blood flow restriction pressure was determined individually using resting blood-flow measurements. Torque was determined during maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) at pre-exercise and postexercise time points. Surface electromyographic activity (root mean square [RMS] and median frequency [MF]) was recorded for the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus medialis (VM) muscles, before and after each session of training, during isometric contractions at 20% MVC. Torque decreased post-HI and LI BFR (−9.5 and −7.8%, respectively; p < 0.01), but not after LI non-BFR. The MF was reduced following HI training in the VM and the RF muscles (−5.3 and −12.5%, respectively; p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, the impact of LI BFR on reducing MF was limited to the RF muscle (−10.7%, p ≤ 0.05). Finally, when compared to all other conditions, RMS values were consistently higher during submaximal contractions performed after HI training (p ≤ 0.05). Thus, we conclude that, despite enhancing the acute magnitude of muscular activation and fatigue, LI BFR exercise exerts a less profound impact on neuromuscular function than HI resistance training.
Partial Range of Motion Exercise Is Effective for Facilitating Muscle Hypertrophy and Function Through Sustained Intramuscular Hypoxia in Young Trained Men
Authors: Goto Masahiro , Maeda Chikako , Hirayama Tomoko , Terada Shigeru , Nirengi Shinsuke , Kurosawa Yuko , Nagano Akinori , Hamaoka Takafumi 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Goto, M, Chikako, M, Hirayama, T, Terada, S, Nirengi, S, Kurosawa, Y, Nagano, A, and Hamaoka, T. Partial range of motion exercise is effective for facilitating muscle hypertrophy and function through sustained intramuscular hypoxia in young trained men. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1286–1294, 2019—The acute response to and long-term effects of partial range of motion exercise (PRE) and full range of motion exercise (FRE) of elbow extensors were compared in young trained men. The PRE was expected to increase the intramuscular hypoxic environment, which was theorized to enhance muscular hypertrophy. Forty-four resistance-trained men were divided into 2 training groups, PRE (n = 22) or FRE (n = 22) group, and performed the PRE or FRE acute exercise protocol. The PRE (elbow range from 45° to 90°) and FRE (from 0° to 120°) acute protocols consisted of 3 sets of 8 repetitions, with an 8RM, and an equivalent workload. After the initial testing, the training program for each group, comprised 3 training sessions per week for 8 weeks, was started. The acute responses of area under the oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) curve, blood lactate concentration, and root mean square of electromyography were significantly higher both before and after PRE than FRE training. Long-term effects were produced by both PRE and FRE, with significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in cross-sectional area (CSA) of triceps brachii and isometric strength. The CSA increased significantly greater after PRE (48.7 ± 14.5%) than after FRE (28.2 ± 10.9%). Furthermore, during the PRE program, a positive correlation was detected between the percent increase in CSA and area under the Oxy-Hb curves before and after 8-week exercise training (before 8-week exercise training: r = 0.59, after 8-week exercise training: r = 0.70, p < 0.01). These results suggest that intramuscular hypoxia might facilitate muscular hypertrophy with PRE being more effective than FRE.
Posdhumanismo, técnica y filosofía: dimensiones de la tecno-topia para Un Mundo Feliz
Authors: Ballen Juan Sebastian 
Published: June 2017

<p>Hablar de antropotécnicas, biopoder y dispositivos de control es un lenguaje filosófico que hace parte de los nuevos análisis propuestos desde la biología, la fenomenología, la antropología y la teoría social a propósito de la relación que establece el hombre con la técnica y sus implicaciones en un tipo de sociedad que construye subjetividades y modos de vida atados a la artificialidad tecnológica (tecno-topía). Este trabajo propone hacer una descripción de estos nuevos escenarios de la filosofía de la cultura, para luego mostrar su incidencia en las nociones de <em>ecofilosofía</em> y <em>desarrollo</em>, conceptos recreados en la tecno-topia narrada por el escritor inglés Aldous Huxley en la novela memorable <em>Un mundo Feliz</em>. </p>
El Alma bella: angustia e inactividad.
Authors: Calderon Jacinto 
Published: June 2017

<p>El alma bella representa en la obra de Hegel un momento en el que la acción y la moralidad pueden entrar en un conflicto con la realidad y con el otro, provocando en el sujeto moral (tomado como individuo coherente, como alma bella) la inactividad y la evasión de su <em>selbst</em> en su pura abstracción, enajenándose de toda actividad y toda crítica. Se pretende mostrar, pues, el desarrollo de esta figura hegeliana para poder asumir que toda actividad dirigida al mundo deja de pertenecer al sujeto que la ejecuta y se vuelve algo para el mundo e interpretado por éste. </p>
La educación en la época de la esclavitud neo-liberal: imagen para pensar la institucionalidad pedagógica latinoamericana
Authors: Díaz Fernández José Alfredo 
Published: June 2017

<p>En el presente artículo se ensaya un diagnóstico crítico de la situación vigente en educación, desde la conjunción de la filosofía neoliberal con la tradición filosófica política de la educación latinoamericana, con el propósito de establecer e instanciar la pregunta por el rol del profesor (concebido metafóricamente como <em>curador del market</em>) y el quehacer de la pedagogía de la liberación en la actualidad latinoamericana.</p><p>La investigación en su contexto más amplio -en cuya base se encuentra la <em>filosofía política de la educación nuestroamericana</em>- se propone propiciar un diálogo participativo y reflexivo que sumerja la discusión actual en educación y política en una categoría como la esclavitud social y escolar, siempre con el imperativo de pensar <em>desde</em> y <em>para </em>Latinoamérica. </p>
La decolonización del saber epistémico en la universidad
Authors: Chica Cañas Francisco Alonso , Marín Gallego José Duván 
Published: June 2017

<p>Hace ya varias décadas que Latinoamérica salió del colonialismo “centroeuropeo”, como lo llama Dussell; sin embargo, se mantiene una actitud de “colonialidad”, entendida como un proceso amplio de control hegemónico de imposición de conocimientos, prácticas y formas culturales en todos los campos de la vida social, al tiempo que se desprecian y desdeñan los valores autóctonos, los conocimientos ancestrales y populares que Boaventura de Sousa Santos denomina con la metáfora de “Las epistemologías del sur”; es decir, aquellas epistemologías de quienes no han tenido voz ni voto en las decisiones trascendentales de la vida social, económica, política y cultural, como los desposeídos, los marginados de la sociedad, campesinos, indígenas, afrodescendientes, homosexuales, entre otros.</p><p>Los responsables de esta actitud colonialista, no solamente han sido los gobiernos que, mediante convenios y tratados bilaterales y multilaterales con las potencias hegemónicas, financian proyectos de diversa índole e imponen sus criterios e intereses en los distintos campos de la economía, la política y la educación. Pero también la misma educación ha tenido su responsabilidad en este proceso. El conocimiento impartido en las universidades es hegemónico y colonizador, que llega de Europa y Norte América. Por esta razón, la ciencia y el conocimiento que se producen en estas regiones, debe construirse para su validez, con las epistemologías y las metodologías de estas potencias; mientras que los conocimientos culturales, populares y ancestrales, se consideran obstáculos epistemológicos que no pueden convivir e interactuar con la epistemología de la ciencia clásica.</p><p>Es por esto que la Universidad también tiene que “decolonizar” sus saberes, para alcanzar un espacio transcultural que incluya todos aquellos conocimientos y cosmovisiones populares y tradicionales para que puedan ser tenidos como pares, en un diálogo de saberes dentro de los procesos de formación y aprendizaje.</p><p> </p>
Genetic Dissection of Morphometric Traits Reveals That Phytochrome B Affects Nucleus Size and Heterochromatin Organization inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Snoek Basten L , Pavlova Penka , Tessadori Federico , Peeters Anton J M , Bourbousse Clara , Barneche Fredy , de Jong Hans , Fransz Paul F , van Zanten Martijn 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMicroscopically visible chromatin is partitioned into two major components in Arabidopsis thaliana nuclei. On one hand, chromocenters are conspicuous foci of highly condensed “heterochromatic” domains that contain mostly repeated sequences. On the other hand, less condensed and gene-rich “euchromatin” emanates from these chromocenters. This differentiation, together with the dynamic nature of chromatin compaction in response to developmental and environmental stimuli, makes Arabidopsis a powerful system for studying chromatin organization and dynamics. Heterochromatin dynamics can be monitored by measuring the Heterochromatin Index, i.e., the proportion of nuclei displaying well-defined chromocenters, or the DNA fraction of chromocenters (relative heterochromatin fraction). Both measures are composite traits, thus their values represent the sum of effects of various underlying morphometric properties. We exploited genetic variation between natural occurring accessions to determine the genetic basis of individual nucleus and chromocenter morphometric parameters (area, perimeter, density, roundness, and heterogeneity) that together determine chromatin compaction. Our novel reductionist genetic approach revealed quantitative trait loci (QTL) for all measured traits. Genomic colocalization among QTL was limited, which suggests a complex genetic regulation of chromatin compaction. Yet genomic intervals of QTL for nucleus size (area and perimeter) both overlap with a known QTL for heterochromatin compaction that is explained by natural polymorphism in the red/far-red light and temperature receptor Phytochrome B. Mutant analyses and genetic complementation assays show that Phytochrome B is a negative regulator of nucleus size, revealing that perception of climatic conditions by a Phytochrome-mediated hub is a major determinant for coordinating nucleus size and heterochromatin compaction.
BIOCHEMICAL GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AMONG WILD POPULATIONS OF MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) IN INDONESIA
Authors: Sugama Ketut , Prijono Agus 
Published: June 2017

Four populations of milkfish (Chanos chanos ) were collected (N=100) from coastal water of Aceh. Bali, East Java and South Sulawesi and were examined electrophoretically at 29 loci to deterurine the genetic vuriability and the population structure.
Incorporating Tumor Characteristics to the American Joint Committee on Cancer Breast Cancer Staging System
Authors: Chavez-MacGregor Mariana , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Clarke Christina A. , Lichtensztajn Daphne Y. , Hunt Kelly K. , Giordano Sharon H. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) breast cancer staging system provides important prognostic information. The recently published eighth edition incorporates biological markers and recommends the use of a complex “prognostic stage.” In this study, we assessed the relationship between stage, breast cancer subtype, grade, and outcome in a large population-based cohort and evaluated a risk score system incorporating tumor characteristic to the AJCC anatomic staging system.

Materials and Methods
Patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer stage I–IV between 2005–2008 were identified in the California Cancer Registry. For patients with stage I–III disease, pathologic stage was recorded. For patients with stage IV disease, clinical stage was utilized. Five-year breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) rates were determined for each potential tumor size-node involvement-metastases (TNM) combination according to breast cancer subtype. A risk score point-based system using grade, estrogen receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status was designed to complement the anatomic AJCC staging system. Survival probabilities between groups were compared using log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were used.

Results
Among 43,938 patients, we observed differences in 5-year BCSS and OS for each TNM combination according to breast cancer subtype. The most favorable outcomes were seen for hormone receptor-positive tumors followed closely by HER2-positive tumors, with the worst outcomes observed for triple negative breast cancer. Our risk score system separated patients into four risk groups within each stage category (all p &lt; .05).

Conclusion
Our simple risk score system incorporates biological factors into the AJCC anatomic staging system, providing accurate prognostic information.
Tradisi Memprediksi Khasiat Batu Permata
Authors: Arni Arni 
Published: June 2017

Memprediksi batu permata dilakukan oleh Sulaiman bin Rawi di Kecamatan Kapuas Timur adalah dalam rangka untuk mengetahui khasiat dari batu permata tersebut. Adapun peralatan untuk mengetahui khasiat batu permata adalah benang, batu permata, panduan khusus berupa kerta yang bergambar lingkaran yang di dalamya bertentuk jari-jari. Pada lingkaran dan jari-jari terdapat tulisan nama 25 orang nabi serta khasiat khasiat batu permata yang menggunakan tulisan huruf Arab Melayu dan ketika hendak mengetahui khasiat batu permata dengan menggunakan bacaan tertentu dari ayat Alquran, (QS: An-Naml :30). Adapun cara untuk mengetahui khasiat sebuah batu permata adalah batu permata diikat dengan benang dan ujung benang dipegang dengan telunjuk dan ibu jari. Benang diangkat sehingga batu bergantung tepat di atas sebuah panduan yang berbentuk lingkaran yang bertuliskan nama nabi dan khasiat batu permata. Dalam posisi tangan yang tidak bergerak dibacakan ayat Alquran surah An-Naml ayat 30, kemudian terlihat batu permata bergerak atau berayun dengan sendirinya dan menuju nama nabi dan khasiat tertentu. Sehingga diketahu khasiat atau baik tidaknya sebuah batu permata itu. Sebagian masyarakat Banjar mempercayai masing-masing batu permata yang alami mempunyai khasiat seperti: menolak kefakiran, mengangkat derajat, menyembuhkan penyakit, membuat kebal dan lain-lain. Hal ini semata-mata kelebihan yang merupakan anugerah dari Allah kepada benda atau ciptaan-Nya.
Asyura: Antara Doktrin, Historis dan Antropologis Perspektif Dakwah Pencerahan
Authors: Khairuddin, M.Ag Prof. Dr. H. Ahmad 
Published: June 2017

The month of Muharram is a holy month and precious in Islam that it can be seen from various perspectives. that is perspective of hadith (doctrine), historical perspective, and the perspective of culture (anthropological). Preferment specifically there on the 10th of Muharram is called as the day of Ashura. On the day that Muslims are highly recommended for fast and based on hammiyyah sunnah of the Prophet. also commanded on the ninth day called tasu'a. In some places, developing traditions and beliefs surrounding the Ashura who did not have a strong foundation. The developing tradition that should not to shift the conception of the primacy of Muharram and Ashura as described Prophet. in the traditions validity, especially the law of fasting Sunnah many ignored by most of the Islamic community itself. Keywords: Ashura, Doctrine, Historical, Anthropological and Da'wah