bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic particle characterization—magnetophoretic mobility and particle size
Authors: Zhou Chen , Boland Eugene D. , Todd Paul W. , Hanley Thomas R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractQuantitative characterization of magnetic particles is useful for analysis and separation of labeled cells and magnetic particles. A particle velocimeter is used to directly measure the magnetophoretic mobility, size, and other parameters of magnetic particle suspensions. The instrument provides quantitative video analysis of particles and their motion. The trajectories of magnetic particles in an isodynamic magnetic field are recorded using a high‐definition camera/microscope system for image collection. Image analysis software then converts the image data to the parameters of interest. The distribution of magnetophoretic mobility is determined by combining fast image analysis with velocimetry measurements. Particle size distributions have been characterized to provide a better understanding of sample quality. The results have been used in the development and operation of analyzer protocols for counting particle concentrations accurately and measuring magnetic susceptibility and size for simultaneous display for routine application to particle suspensions and magnetically labeled biological cells. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
High level extracellular production of a truncated alkaline β-mannanase from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5 in Escherichia coli by the optimization of induction condition and fed-batch fermentation
Authors: Zheng Hongchen , Yu Zhenxiao , Fu Xiaoping , Li Shufang , Xu Jianyong , Song Hui , Ma Yanhe 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
To improve the extracellular production of alkaline β-mannanase from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5 in Escherichia coli, two truncated recombinant mannanases (32a-ManAR2 and 22b-ManAR2) were obtained. Compared with the full-length mannanases (32a-ManAR1 and 22b-ManAR1), the truncated mannanases not only showed higher secretion rate, but also exhibited higher thermostability and alkalistability. The K m value (11 mg/mL) of 32a-ManAR2 was higher than that (1.46 mg/mL) of 32a-ManAR1. The specific activity of 22b-ManAR2 was 2.7 times higher than that of 22b-ManAR1. 22b-ManAR2 showed the highest k cat/K m value of 602.7 ml/mg s. The parameters of induction for recombinant mannanase production of E. coli BL21 (pET32a-manAR2) and E. coli BL21 (pET22b-manAR2) were subsequently optimized. The yield of soluble mannanase was found to be enhanced with lower induction temperature (25 °C), lower IPTG concentration (0.01–0.05 mM), and Triton X-100 supplement (0.1 %) in a shake flask. Moreover, a one-time feeding strategy and Triton X-100 supplement were applied in production of 22b-ManAR2 in a 10 L fermentor. The productivity of the total soluble mannanase reached 9284.64 U/mL with the extracellular rate of 74 % at 46 h of fermentation, which was the highest productive level of alkaline β-mannanase in recombinant E. coli to date.
Granulomatous lobular mastitis
Authors: Zhou Fei , Yu Li‐Xiang , Ma Zhong‐Bing , Yu Zhi‐Gang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGranulomatous lobular mastitis is an unusual breast benign inflammatory disorder with unknown aetiology. It is generally emerged with the clinical symptoms of breast mass, abscess, inflammation and mammary duct fistula. The diagnosis is made by histopathology with a chronic non‐necrotizing granulomatous inflammation in lobules of the breast tissue as the microscopic feature. Therapy of granulomatous lobular mastitis consists of surgical, medication treatment or combination of both, but now researches suggest that observational management is an acceptable treatment.
The Physiology of Female Sexual Function and the Pathophysiology of Female Sexual Dysfunction (Committee 13A)
Authors: Levin Roy J. , Both Stephanie , Georgiadis Janniko , Kukkonen Tuuli , Park Kwangsung , Yang Claire C. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe article consists of six sections written by separate authors that review female genital anatomy, the physiology of female sexual function, and the pathophysiology of female sexual dysfunction but excluding hormonal aspects.AimTo review the physiology of female sexual function and the pathophysiology of female sexual dysfunction especially since 2010 and to make specific recommendations according to the Oxford Centre for evidence based medicine (2009) “levels of evidence” wherever relevant.ConclusionRecommendations were made for particular studies to be undertaken especially in controversial aspects in all six sections of the reviewed topics. Despite numerous laboratory assessments of female sexual function, genital assessments alone appear insufficient to characterise fully the complete sexual response.
Holocene climate changes in southern West Siberia based on ostracod analysis
Authors: Khazin L.B. , Khazina I.V. , Krivonogov S.K. , Kuzmin Ya.V. , Prokopenko A.A. , Yi S. , Burr G.S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The study presents a summary of the latest data on ostracod microfaunas from Middle–Upper Holocene lacustrine deposits of southern West Siberia collected from lakes Malye Chany, Bol’shaya Lozhka, Beloe, and paleolake Chicha. A total of 28 ostracod species were identified. The identified ostracod assemblages reveal local variations in the lake ecosystems as well as general trends, which can be correlated with both regional and global climate changes. A cooling episode during the second half of the Subboreal is marked by the transition from a warm-water mesohaline assemblage to cold-water candonid ostracods at ca. 3.4 cal ka BP. The widespread occurrence of mesopolythermophilic ostracod species at 1.9–0.6 cal ka BP indicates the end of cooling and lowering of lake-water level. From 0.6 cal ka BP to present, the ostracod assemblages area characterized by the high specific diversity, which is probably an indication of the increased variability of aquatic ecosystems due to fluctuations in salinity and water levels of the lakes. Climate changes identified by ostracod assemblages are consistent with the climatic trend constrained by early palynological studies.
Deposits of the Kazantsevo Transgression (MIS 5) in the Northern Yenisei Region
Authors: Gusev E.A. , Molodkov A.N. , Streletskaya I.D. , Vasiliev A.A. , Anikina N.Yu. , Bondarenko S.A. , Derevyanko L.G. , Kupriyanova N.V. , Maksimov F.E. , Polyakova E.I. , Pushina Z.V. , Stepanova G.V. , Oblogov G.E. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Dating of marine sediments and faunal remains they contain in stratotype and reference sections by the methods of infrared optically stimulated luminescence (IR-OSL) of K-feldspar, optically stimulated afterglow (OSA) of quartz, electron spin resonance (ESR), and 230Th/U provides new constraints on deposition in the Yenisei mouth during the Kazantsevo interglacial. The luminescence and U–Th ages in the 120–68 ka range and 93–70 ka ESR ages show that the deposition spanned the whole marine isotope stage (MIS) 5. The sediment structures and textures, grain sizes and mineralogy, and faunal records indicate tidal and shelf deposition environments. The sampled assemblages of marine mollusks comprise taxa that typically live in relatively shallow and warm water, as well as abundant subarctic and boreal species, including the Arctica islandica index species. The variations of faunal patterns, more likely, had facies rather than climatic controls, while the sediments were deposited during transgression, in a warm climate, when the area was ice-free.
Cryogenic nanosecond and picosecond high average and peak power (HAPP) pump lasers for ultrafast applications
Authors: Brown David C. , Tornegård Sten , Kolis Joseph 
Published: April 2016

Using cryogenic laser technology, it is now possible to design and demonstrate lasers that have concomitant high average and peak powers, with near-diffraction-limited beam quality. We refer to these new laser systems as HAPP lasers. In this paper, we review important laser crystal materials properties at cryogenic temperature, with an emphasis on Yb lasers, and discuss the important design considerations, including the laser-induced damage threshold, nonlinear effects and thermal effects. A comprehensive model is presented to describe diode pulsed pumping with arbitrary duration and repetition rate, and is used with the Frantz–Nodvik equation to describe, to first order, the performance of HAPP laser systems. A computer code with representative results is also described.
ECONOMIC EVALUATION STUDIES OF SELF-MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS IN CHRONIC DISEASES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: van Eeden Mitchel , van Heugten Caroline M. , van Mastrigt Ghislaine A.P.G. , Evers Silvia M.A.A. 
Published: April 2016

Background:To our knowledge, there has been no overall systematic review focusing on the methodological quality of full economic evaluation studies of self-management interventions. Our objective was to systematically review the literature of full economic evaluation studies of self-management interventions in adult chronic patients and to investigate their methodological quality and cost-effectiveness.Methods:A data extraction form was developed to assess general and randomized controlled trial (RCT) -related characteristics, quality, of the RCTs, economic information and quality of the economic evaluation studies by means of a quality assessment (CHEC-list for trial-based studies, adjusted CHEC-list for model-based studies).Results:Twenty-three reports were found. Sixteen studies (73 percent) lack information on the control intervention(s). Only one study fulfilled all three criteria for quality of RCTs and five studies (23 percent) did not meet any of these criteria. This review included one model-based study; the other studies were trial-based economic evaluation studies based on a RCT. Eight studies (35 percent) used a societal perspective and 12 (60 percent) synthesized costs and effects. Seven studies were categorized into the highest category (<15 score), nine studies into the “moderate” group (9–14 score), six studies received a “low” score (<8) on the CHEC-list. Eighteen studies found the self-management intervention(s) to be cost-effective compared with other interventionsConclusions:Self-management interventions for adult chronic patients were heterogeneous and there was no clear, well-considered definition of self-management. Overall, the methodological quality of the full economic evaluation studies was moderate and, therefore, cost-effectiveness results must be interpreted with caution. Future research will benefit from further improvements in methodological quality of both economic study design and analysis, as well as a taxonomy for describing self-management interventions and their contents.
The Advisory Jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Comments on theRequest for an Advisory Opinion Submitted by the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission
Authors: LANDO MASSIMO 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn theRequest for an Advisory Opinion Submitted by the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) was called upon to clarify the existence of its advisory jurisdiction as a full Tribunal under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). ITLOS unanimously upheld its advisory jurisdiction, yet its reasoning is not convincing. ITLOS’s interpretation of Article 21 of its Statute appears unpersuasive. The article discusses the interpretation of Article 21 ITLOS Statute pursuant to the rules on interpretation of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Arts. 31–33). First, the article addresses the article's textual reading, and criticizes the Tribunal's interpretation of the term ‘matters’. Second, the article considers the interpretation of Article 21 according to the subsequent practice of the parties, argued by some states but not addressed by ITLOS. Third, thetravaux préparatoiresof the UNCLOS are examined, with a view to understanding whether the drafters intended the Tribunal to have advisory jurisdiction. Fourth, the six authentic texts of UNCLOS are compared in order to highlight potential differences that may help understand the exact meaning of the provision. Fifth, the article discusses the relationship between advisory jurisdiction and state consent. The conclusion is that the basis for ITLOS's advisory jurisdiction under UNCLOS seems weak. Some general considerations conclude the article, together with a possible solution that takes stock of ITLOS's decision.
Legal Recharacterization and the Materiality of Facts at the International Criminal Court: Which Changes Are Permissible?
Authors: FRY ELINOR 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe ICC's Regulation 55, which allows the Trial Chamber to modify the legal characterization of facts in the final judgment, has been used too often and too carelessly. Recharacterization must not exceed the facts and circumstances described in the charges, but material facts and their legal qualification are like communicating vessels; changing the latter affects the former (and vice versa). In their application of Regulation 55 to date, chambers have underappreciated this, treating cases as if they have blurry factual boundaries where material facts can be swapped, neglected, or created at will. This article is not a plea for abolition of Regulation 55, though, but explores which modifications are permissible, and finds that when comparing a change regarding the contextual elements or (sub)categories of crimes to a change regarding the mode of participation the latter is most problematic and often detrimental to the rights of the accused.
The Ethos of State and Society in the Early Mongol Empire: Chinggis Khan to Güyük
Authors: BUELL PAUL D. , KOLBAS JUDITH 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe following joint article is a departure from standard studies, in that historical research is put side-by-side with numismatic evidence. It reflects the growing awareness of the underlying concepts of steppe society that significantly shaped the formation and endurance of the Mongol Empire. With new analysis, it is apparent that the society was clear about these concepts and expressed them in very public pronouncements. They are most evident in the early period of the empire; during the formation of the state by Chinggis Khan and his first two successors, Ögödei (r. 1229–41) and Güyük (r.1246-48). However, the cataclysmic civil war in the middle of the thirteenth century between the Ögödeyids and Toluids removed direct acknowledgment of such a social ethos. Indeed, after 1250 khans strongly focused on pragmatic issues and relied less on philosophical theories of legitimacy, at least Mongolian ones. By contrast, the first three rulers were keenly aware of the theory of the state and the way society functioned within it. They developed this ethos into a fairly cohesive form that provided moral strength to a nascent regime. The evidence for this development emerges from the study of two particular words, tengri, “Heaven”, and especially töre, “grand principle”. Töre in this usage was the equivalent of the ‘binding and unbinding’ and the sunna of the messenger, Muḥammad, in medieval Islamic societies and of democracy in modern times. Tengri and töre are culturally defined theories closely related to the Aristotelian sense of positive law. In all cases, reality required various approaches to them at a given period of time. As a result, the concept of töre had existed before the empire and continues to this day, always implying the correct order of good governance.
If the Cap Fits: Going Mongol in Thirteenth Century Syria
Authors: STEWART ANGUS 
Published: April 2016

AbstractVarious Near Eastern and European writers of the thirteenth century remarked on the outlandish appearance of the Mongol warriors then rampaging across Eurasia. One aspect of this was their distinctive headgear. From our sources it is clear that Mongol costume could be exploited by non-Mongols in the Near East for a variety of purposes; how these distinctive hats were described, and how contemporary artists depicted them, will also be discussed.
Rivers of Memory and Oceans of Difference in the Lumad World of Mindanao
Authors: Paredes Oona 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article explores the relevance of water in the cultural traditions of indigenous Lumad peoples of Mindanao island in the southern Philippines. Historically, Lumad identities and networks (whether political, social, or economic) were conceptualised according to the rivers on which people dwelt. Important ties stretched from the coast to the interior (i.e., between upriver and downriver communities), with water providing the path of least resistance in rough terrain. This stands in contrast to the present-day cultural and political divide between the uplands and lowlands, which are now dominated by mainstream ‘Filipino’ settlers, referred to locally as dumagat or ‘sea-people’. Given that Lumad ties to the land are profoundly visualised according to rivers, the salt-water origins of dumagats locate these interlopers at, or more often, beyond the moral boundaries of the Lumad universe. Meanwhile, in Lumad oral traditions, the movements of people across one generation to the next are traced according to river systems they have occupied, with proximity to water often equated with degree of civilization and cultural purity. Despite the passage of time, and decreased linear proximity from the original rivers, these primal riverine origins remain significant in the present day, as Lumads continue to socially prioritise the genealogies and networks of traditional political authority that are upstreamed from these oral traditions. Focusing on field data from the Higaunon ethnic group of northern Mindanao, this article analyses five examples of water being employed as a hermeneutic for how Lumads locate themselves in relation to other ethnic groups, the state, modern Filipino society, and their own cultural traditions.
A genomic comparison of 13 symbiotic Vibrio fischeri isolates from the perspective of their host source and colonization behavior
Authors: Bongrand Clotilde , Koch Eric J , Moriano-Gutierrez Silvia , Cordero Otto X , McFall-Ngai Margaret , Polz Martin F , Ruby Edward G 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Newly hatched Euprymna scolopes squid obtain their specific light-organ symbionts from an array of Vibrio (Allivibrio) fischeri strains present in their environment. Two genetically distinct populations of this squid species have been identified, one in Kaneohe Bay (KB), and another in Maunaloa Bay (MB), Oahu. We asked whether symbionts isolated from squid in each of these populations outcompete isolates from the other population in mixed-infection experiments. No relationship was found between a strain’s host source (KB or MB) and its ability to competitively colonize KB or MB juveniles in a mixed inoculum. Instead, two colonization behaviors were identified among the 11 KB and MB strains tested: a ‘dominant’ outcome, in which one strain outcompetes the other for colonization, and a ‘sharing’ outcome, in which two strains co-colonize the squid. A genome-level comparison of these and other V. fischeri strains suggested that the core genomic structure of this species is both syntenous and highly conserved over time and geographical distance. We also identified ~250 Kb of sequence, encoding 194 dispersed orfs, that was specific to those strains that expressed the dominant colonization behavior. Taken together, the results indicate a link between the genome content of V. fischeri strains and their colonization behavior when initiating a light-organ symbiosis.
Integrated Droplet-Based Microextraction with ESI-MS for Removal of Matrix Interference in Single-Cell Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Chao , Wei Zhen-Wei , Gong Xiao-Yun , Si Xing-Yu , Zhao Yao-Yao , Yang Cheng-Dui , Zhang Si-Chun , Zhang Xin-Rong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntegrating droplet-based microfluidics with mass spectrometry is essential to high-throughput and multiple analysis of single cells. Nevertheless, matrix effects such as the interference of culture medium and intracellular components influence the sensitivity and the accuracy of results in single-cell analysis. To resolve this problem, we developed a method that integrated droplet-based microextraction with single-cell mass spectrometry. Specific extraction solvent was used to selectively obtain intracellular components of interest and remove interference of other components. Using this method, UDP-Glc-NAc, GSH, GSSG, AMP, ADP and ATP were successfully detected in single MCF-7 cells. We also applied the method to study the change of unicellular metabolites in the biological process of dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation. The method could not only realize matrix-free, selective and sensitive detection of metabolites in single cells, but also have the capability for reliable and high-throughput single-cell analysis.
Global diabatic potential energy surfaces and quantum dynamical studies for the Li(2p) + H2(X1Σ+g) → LiH(X1Σ+) + H reaction
Authors: He Di , Yuan Jiuchuang , Li Huixing , Chen Maodu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe global diabatic potential energy surfaces which are correlated with the ground state 1A′ and the excited state 2A′ of the Li(2p) + H2 reaction are presented in this study. The multi-reference configuration interaction method and large basis sets (aug-cc-pVQZ for H atom and cc-pwCVQZ for Li atom) were employed in the ab initio single-point energy calculations. The diabatic potential energies were generated by the diabatization scheme based on transition dipole moment operators. The neural network method was utilized to fit the matrix elements of the diabatic energy surfaces, and the root mean square errors were extremely small (3.69 meV for "Equation missing", 5.34 meV for "Equation missing" and 5.06 meV for "Equation missing"). The topographical features of the diabatic potential energy surfaces were characterized and the surfaces were found to be sufficiently smooth for the dynamical calculation. The crossing seam of the conical intersections between the "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" surfaces were pinpointed. Based on this new analytical diabatic potential energy surfaces, time-dependent wave packet calculation were conducted to investigate the mechanism of the title reaction. At low collision energies, the product LiH molecule tends to forward scattering, while at high collision energies, the forward and backward scatterings exist simultaneously.
A Mendelian Randomization Study of Plasma Homocysteine and Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Xuan Yang , Li Xiao-Hong , Hu Zhong-Qian , Teng Zhi-Mei , Hu Dao-Jun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObservational studies have demonstrated an association between elevated homocysteine (Hcy) level and risk of multiple myeloma (MM). However, it remains unclear whether this relationship is causal. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate whether genetically increased Hcy level influences the risk of MM. We used the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism as an instrumental variable, which affects the plasma Hcy levels. Estimate of its effect on plasma Hcy level was based on a recent genome-wide meta-analysis of 44,147 individuals, while estimate of its effect on MM risk was obtained through meta-analysis of case-control studies with 2,092 cases and 4,954 controls. By combining these two estimates, we found that per one standard-deviation (SD) increase in natural log-transformed plasma Hcy levels conferred a 2.67-fold increase in risk for MM (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–6.38; P = 2.7 × 10−2). Our study suggests that elevated Hcy levels are causally associated with an increased risk of developing MM. Whether Hcy-lowering therapy can prevent MM merits further investigation in long-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs).