bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vrijgevigheid in beeld - Nationale acties voor het goede doel in Nederland
Authors: Wiepking Pamala 
Published: December 2017

Picturing generosity: National campaigns for charitable causes in the Netherlands . In this study we provide an overview of the history of national campaigns for charitable causes in the Netherlands. Firstly we describe the development of the 59 national campaigns held between 1951
and 2005. We distinguish two periods of national campaigns: the galas for charitable causes (1963-1983) and the era of the national campaigns by the Dutch Cooperative International Aid Organizations (1984-2005). We then formulate and test hypotheses concerning possible explanations for the
success of national campaigns. Bivariate results show that campaigns organized for ‘innocent’ victims, campaigns held in a period with a lower ‘campaign frequency’, and campaigns held in years with stronger economic growth are more successful. In a multivariate model
a significant association only emerged between economic growth and the success of a national campaign.
Is dual mobility associated with an increased risk of revision for infection? Matched cohort of 231 cases of dual-mobility cups and 231 fixed cups
Authors: Prudhon Jean Louis , Desmarchelier Romain , Hamadouche Moussa , Delaunay Christian , Verdier Regis 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: We used a matched cohort of 231 cases of revision of primary dual-mobility cups (DMC) total hip arthroplasty (THA) and 231 cases of fixed cups (FC) THA, to determine whether (i) revision for infection was more frequent when using DMC-THA than FC-THA; (ii) Causes for revision were significantly different. Methods: The French Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology carried out a prospective multicentre study from 2010 to 2011. The inclusion criterion was an exhaustive collection of 1st revision THA (at least 1 component revised, re-revision excluded). 2,044 1st revision cases were prospectively collected; 251 (13.5%) were revision of DMC-THA and 1,793 were revision of FC-THA (87.7%). We defined a matching process (1:1) between the 2 cohorts. 231 DMC-THAs were eligible for comparison with 231 FC-THAs. Results: 47 (20.3%) FC-THAs were revised for infection and 54 (23.3%) DMC-THAs. There was no statistical difference (p = 0.43). 41 (17.7%) FC-THAs were revised for dislocation, compared to 11 (4.7%) DMC-THAs (p<0.001). Discussion: The main finding of our study was that DMC was not associated with an increased risk of revision for infection compared to standard THA. THA revision for infection was not correlated to the type of cup used. It is mandatory to report on comparable types of patients when comparing outcomes. For similar patient profiles (i) DMC-THAs were not revised more often for infection than FC-THA (ii) FC-THAs were revised 4 times more for dislocation than DMC-THA.
Non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 2 (NCK2) pathways as factor promoting aggressiveness in ovarian cancer
Authors: Fanelli Mara , Camperchioli Alessia , Petrella Lella , Petrillo Marco , Baranello Cinzia , Baccaro Pina , Paolillo Carmela , Capoluongo Ettore , Scambia Giovanni 
Published: December 2017

Background: In this study we investigated the function of the non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 2 (NCK2) and its correlation with ITGB1 and ITGB4 integrins in driving ovarian cancer (OvCa) aggressiveness. We also evaluated whether NCK2 may influence prognosis in OvCa patients. Methods: Nanofluidic technology was used to analyze expression of NCK2 in 332 OvCa patients. To evaluate mRNA expression of NCK2, integrins and VEGFA in OvCa cell lines, qRT-PCR was performed. Stable NCK2 overexpression was obtained in OVCAR3. qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to evaluate expression changes of VEGFA, vimentin, ITGB1, ITGB4, MMP2 and MMP9 under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was performed in the A2780 cell line to study the interaction between NCK2 and proteins of interest. To investigate whether NCK2 can influence anchorage-independent growth, a soft agar assay was completed. Transwell invasion assay was performed on stable-transfected OVCAR-3 cell lines. Results: Nanofluidic data showed NCK2 can play an important role as a factor promoting tumor aggressiveness and survival in OvCa. This role was also linked to the behaviors of ITGB1 and ITGB4. Moreover, in cells overexpressing NCK2, the expression of vimentin, MMP2, MMP9, VEGFA and ITGB1, but not of ITGB4 was induced by hypoxia. Co-IP showed that NCK2 can directly bind ITGB1, but not VEGFA. NCK2 may be involved in mediating cell-extracellular matrix interactions in OvCa cells by influencing tumor aggressiveness. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of a possible role of NCK2 as biomarker of OvCa progression.
Quantitative assessment of reflux in commercially available needle-free IV connectors
Authors: Hull Garret J. , Moureau Nancy L. , Sengupta Shramik 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Blood reflux is caused by changes in pressure within intravascular catheters upon connection or disconnection of a syringe or intravenous tubing from a needle-free connector (NFC). Changes in pressure, differing with each brand of NFC, may result in fluid movement and blood reflux that can contribute to intraluminal catheter occlusions and increase the potential for central-line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). Methods: In this study, 14 NFC brands representing each of the four market-categories of NFCs were selected for evaluation of fluid movement occurring during connection and disconnection of a syringe. Study objectives were to 1) theoretically estimate amount of blood reflux volume in microliters (μL) permitted by each NFC based on exact component measurements, and 2) experimentally measure NFC volume of fluid movement for disconnection reflux of negative, neutral and anti-reflux NFC and fluid movement for connection reflux of positive displacement NFC. Results: The results demonstrated fluid movement/reflux volumes of 9.73 μL to 50.34 μL for negative displacement, 3.60 μL to 10.80 μL for neutral displacement, and 0.02 μL to 1.73 μL for pressure-activated anti-reflux NFC. Separate experiment was performed measuring connection reflux of 18.23 μL to 38.83 μL for positive displacement NFC connectors. Conclusions: This study revealed significant differences in reflux volumes for fluid displacement based on NFC design. While more research is needed on effects of blood reflux in catheters and NFCs, results highlight the need to consider NFCs based on performance of individual connector designs, rather than manufacturer designation of positive, negative and neutral marketing categories for NFCs without anti-reflux mechanisms.
Welk vertrouwen mogen clementieverzoekers hebben omtrent vertrouwelijk blijven van aangeleverde informatie?
Authors: Brouwer O.W. 
Published: December 2017

Welk vertrouwen mogen clementieverzoekers hebben omtrent vertrouwelijk blijven van aangeleverde informatie?
In de onderhavige zaak breidt het Hof van Justitie de bevoegdheden van de raadadviseur-auditeur uit en wordt voor het eerst onderscheid gemaakt tussen publicatie van letterlijke citaten uit informatie verstrekt in het kader van de clementieregeling en publicatie van letterlijke citaten uit de clementieverklaring zelf. De relevantie van het arrest ligt met name in de (mate van) rechtvaardige verwachtingen die clementieverzoekers mogen hebben omtrent de eerbiediging van vertrouwelijkheid van informatie die zij aan de Commissie verschaffen. Dit is van groot belang voor een effectieve werking van de clementieregeling. Het arrest is ook van belang in de context van civiele schadeclaimprocedures. Private partijen die schade willen claimen, wensen zo veel mogelijk toegang tot informatie over de inbreuk.HvJ 14 maart 2017, zaak C-162/15 P, Evonik Degussa/Commissie, ECLI:EU:C:2017:205
From Commensal to Consumer: Staphylococcus aureus Toxins, Diseases, and Detection Methods
Authors: Nguyen Angela T , Tallent Sandra M 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium capable of causing a wide array of infections. Generally a commensal organism, S. aureus encodes several virulence mechanisms that contribute to disease progression. This review highlights toxins as a secreted virulence factor by S. aureus, the diseases that manifest as a result, and the methods used to detect them. In particular, the advantages and limitations of current toxin detection methods are discussed.
Exploring Multiphoton Microscopy as a Novel Tool to Differentiate Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma From Oncocytoma in Fixed Tissue Sections
Authors: Jain Manu , Robinson Brian D. , Wu Binlin , Khani Francesca , Mukherjee Sushmita 
Published: December 2017

Context.—
Distinguishing chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC), especially in the presence of eosinophilic cytoplasm, from oncocytoma on hematoxylin-eosin can be difficult and often requires time-consuming ancillary procedures that ultimately may not be informative.

Objective.—
To explore the potential of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) as an alternative and rapid diagnostic tool in differentiating oncocytoma from chRCC at subcellular resolution without tissue processing.

Design.—
Unstained, deparaffinized tissue sections from 27 tumors (oncocytoma [n = 12], chRCC [n = 12], eosinophilic variant of chRCC [n = 1], and atypical oncocytic renal neoplasm [n = 2]) were imaged with MPM. Morphologic evaluation and automated quantitative morphometric analysis were conducted to distinguish between chRCC and oncocytoma.

Results.—
The typical cases of oncocytomas (12 of 12) and chRCC (12 of 12) could be readily differentiated on MPM based on the morphologic features similar to hematoxylin-eosin. The most striking MPM signature of both of the tumors was the presence of autofluorescent intracytoplasmic granules, which are not seen on hematoxylin-eosin–stained slides. Although we saw these granules in both types of tumors, they appeared distinct, based on their size, shape, cytoplasmic distribution, and autofluorescence wavelengths, and were valuable in arriving at a definitive diagnosis. For oncocytomas and chRCC, high diagnostic accuracies of 100% and 83.3% were achieved on blinded MPM and morphometric analysis, respectively.

Conclusions.—
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of MPM to distinguish chRCC from oncocytoma in fixed tissues. Our study was limited by small sample size and only a few variants of oncocytic tumors. Prospective studies are warranted to assess the utility of MPM as a diagnostic aid in oncocytic renal tumors.
Species diversity and drivers of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in a semi-arid mountain in China
Authors: Zhao He , Li Xuanzhen , Zhang Zhiming , Zhao Yong , Yang Jiantao , Zhu Yiwei 
Published: December 2017

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an essential role in complex ecosystems. However, the species diversity and composition of AMF communities remain unclear in semi-arid mountains. Further, it is not well understood if the characteristics of AMF community assemblies differ for different habitat types, e.g., agricultural arable land, artificial forest land, natural grassland, and bush/wood land. Here, using the high-throughput technology by Illumina sequencing on the MiSeq platform, we explored the species diversity and composition of soil AMF communities among different habitat types in a semi-arid mountain (Taihang Mountain, Mid-western region of China). Then, we analyzed the effect of nutrient composition and soil texture on AMF community assembly. Our results showed that members of theGlomusgenera were predominated in all soil types. The distance-based redundancy analysis indicated that the content of water, available phosphorus, and available potassium were the most crucial geochemical factors that significantly affected AMF communities (p < 0.05). The analysis of the soil texture confirmed that AMF diversity was negatively correlated with soil clay content. The comparison of AMF diversity among the various habitat types revealed that the artificial forest land had the lowest AMF diversity in comparison with other land types. Our findings suggest that there were differences in species diversity and composition of soil AMF communities among different habitat types. These findings shed new light on the characteristics of community structure and drivers of community assembly in AMF in semi-arid mountains, and point to the potential importance of different habitat types on AMF communities.
Models of the Manganese Cluster of the Oxygen‐Evolving Complex
Authors: Tsui Emily Y. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

This article presents an overview of synthetic models of the CaMn
4
O
5
oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) of Photosystem II, the site of OO bond formation during photosynthetic water oxidation. Model clusters are useful spectroscopic benchmarks and can be used to test hypotheses regarding uncertain structural or mechanistic aspects of the OEC. Due to the complexity, heterometallic composition, and asymmetric structure of the biological cluster, modeling the OEC has been synthetically challenging. Here, we describe synthetic strategies and characterization methods of manganese complexes. Selected examples are discussed, ranging from monometallic high‐valent manganese complexes to heterometallic manganese oxido clusters, along with the relevant insights derived from these studies with respect to biological water splitting. Finally, efforts toward using molecular and heterogeneous manganese‐oxido OEC models as artificial water oxidation catalysts will be discussed.
Hacktivism
Authors: Carty Victoria 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHacktivism encompasses a number of different types of activity including cyberterrorism, spamming, Web site parodies, memes, culture jamming, and e‐mail bombing. Each of the above may include electronic forms of civil disobedience such as virtual sit‐ins, whereby occupation/blockading takes place in the virtual sphere rather than in a particular building or public space. They may also invoke Web site parodies, copying the graphic design of the original but altering the content, hiding the identity of the creators through the use of zombie networks. This entry examines how groups such as the Yes Men, Electronic Disturbance Theater, and Anonymous all use hacktivism to pursue their goals via contentious politics. It also explores how hacktivism is challenging traditional forms of journalism and redefining the act of whistleblowing through groups such as Lulz Security and WikiLeaks.
Double Consciousness
Authors: Dennis Rutledge M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe sociological use of the term “double consciousness” differs from its psychological usage, in that the former provides a framework for understanding and analyzing the challenges and dilemmas created by power and status inequality evident in dominant–subordinate relations. Though Du Bois initially proposed the term to describe the contradictions in black American life, the term has been used to refer to the power and status inequality surrounding the lives of women, immigrants, and those in the global environment.
Exchange‐Value
Authors: Beamish Rob 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Exchange‐value is the most misunderstood concept in Marx's analysis of the commodity. Useful things found in nature or procured without exchange and used for private consumption have a qualitatively distinct, concrete, natural form. Their utility is what matters; they do not contain value. Useful things intended for exchange are procured or produced by social labor. Exchangeable commodities have a visible, concrete, useful form and an invisible social substance of quantitatively comparable units of congealed, socially necessary, simple, abstract, labor time. To be exchanged, the abstract value congealed within each commodity must achieve a particular form of expression. That form only arises in the social relations of exchange; thus it is a social form. As the formal expression of value arising through exchange, Marx termed it the commodity's exchange‐value.
K
rafft‐
E
bing,
R
ichard von (1840–1902)
Authors: Plummer Ken 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Krafft‐Ebing's contribution to the study of sexuality is outlined and some critical problems raised. He was a pioneer of the clinical study of sexual pathology – or sexual differences – and his major work
Psychopathia Sexualis
is briefly outlined. Critics see him as a “conservative regulator of sexuality” and as reinforcing society's prejudices. Supporters see him as paving the way for liberal reforms and new debates about sexual justice. It concludes his work offered a humanistic account of widespread human sexual differences.
Marginality
Authors: Dennis Rutledge M. , Dennis Kimya N. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The concept and experience of marginality are as old as human history, for historically there have already been groups which have, for many reasons, been excluded, exploited, and punished by groups larger, with more military might, and keepers of the flame of myths and mythologies which accrue them inordinate powers vis‐à‐vis other groups. This marginal position may be the cause of, or the result of, differential power distribution. In either case, marginality has been one of the causes and the impetus for intergroup tensions, conflicts, and warfare.
Reparations
Authors: Dennis Rutledge M. , Dennis Kimya N. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Reparations refer to the actions of an aggrieved nation, group, or individual to seek redresses and compensations for the loss of land, money, works of art, jewelry, or other valuable objects, due to the actions of a country, group, or another individual. The claim of those seeking redresses or reparations is that their property was knowingly and willfully stolen and they now seek a just payment for their loss.
Use‐Value
Authors: Beamish Rob 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The use‐value of a commodity is its qualitatively distinct, concrete reality that allows it, as an object, to satisfy a human want directly in consumption or indirectly as something used in further production. A commodity's use is discovered in history and its use‐value created in processes of exchange. One use‐value is unique – it is not a thing but the capacity to do work within a social relation of exchange. The capacity to do work in general has no use‐value even though it has ontological significance and is important in one's private activities. Labor power is a unique use‐value because it can, under given conditions of social production, produce more abstract value than necessary to replace it. This unique use‐value is the source of surplus value.
Abwasserkanal Emscher BA 40 – Tübbinge mit besonderen Anforderungen an den Beton
Authors: Machentanz Carsten 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDer Abwasserkanal Emscher (AKE) ist das zurzeit größte Infrastrukturprojekt in NRW. 1992 wurden die Planungsarbeiten für das Projekt mit einem Budget von heute rund 5,3 Mrd. Euro aufgenommen. Diese liefen über 16 Jahre, bis 2008 der Planfeststellungsbeschluss erging. Die Emschergenossenschaft ist im Verbund mit dem Lippeverband der größte Wasserwirtschaftsverband in Deutschland. Gemeinsam reinigen sie das Abwasser von fast vier Millionen Einwohnern in den Einzugsgebieten von Emscher und Lippe. Beide Gewässer sind Nebenflüsse des Rheins in Nordrhein‐Westfalen. Die ersten Vortriebsarbeiten starteten 2011 im Bottroper Abschnitt zwischen der Kläranlage Bottrop und der Bernemündung, dem sogenannten Bauabschnitt (BA) 20. Im Frühjahr 2012 nahm man die Arbeiten zur Herstellung des als Bauabschnitt BA 30 bezeichneten größten Abschnitts zwischen dem Nettebach in Dortmund und der Kläranlage Bottrop auf. Als letzter Teil mit unterirdischer Rohrverlegung wurde der BA 40 von der Bernemündung bis zum Pumpwerk Oberhausen im Jahr 2014 begonnen. Dieser bildete am 12. Juni 2017 auch den Abschluss der unterirdischen Arbeiten. In nur fünf Jahren wurden am Hauptsammler insgesamt 73 km in Tiefen zwischen 8 und 40 Metern hergestellt. Der BA 40 bildet dabei eine Besonderheit, da er nicht im Rohrvortriebsverfahren hergestellt wurde, sondern als Schildvortrieb mit Tübbingausbau auf in Summe 20 km Strecke aufgefahren wurde. Als zentraler Abwasserkanal für 2,2 Millionen Einwohner im Einzugsgebiet der Emscher ist der Abwasserkanal Emscher besonders gegen chemische Angriffe, insbesondere gegen biogene Schwefelsäure zu schützen.
National Shifts in Adult Basic Education: Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, Ability to Benefit, and High School Equivalency Tests
Authors: Davidson J. Cody 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn important aspect of the community college mission is to educate working adults including those without a high school diploma or its equivalent. Three important changes are forcing community colleges to reevaluate how these services and activities are delivered as well as policies that govern this critical work. These shifts provide a new opportunity for community college leaders to reenvision how they engage local employers, working adults, and underprepared college students.
The Evolving Transfer Mission and Student Mobility
Authors: Baldwin Christopher A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis chapter explores the changing nature of how students experience postsecondary education that results in a considerable amount of “swirl” between institutions. Although the traditional notion of “vertical” transfer from a community college to a university continues to be an important aspect of the community college mission, the varying patterns of mobility between institutions will have significant implications for students, the costs they incur, and their ultimate success.
Activities of 11‐Azaartemisinin and N‐Sulfonyl Derivatives against Asexual and Transmissible Malaria Parasites
Authors: Harmse Rozanne , Coertzen Dina , Wong Ho Ning , Smit Frans J. , van der Watt Mariette E. , Reader Janette , Nondaba Sindiswe H. , Birkholtz Lyn‐Marie , Haynes Richard K. , N'Da David D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDihydroartemisinin (DHA), either used in its own right or as the active drug generated in vivo from the other artemisinins in current clinical use—artemether and artesunate—induces quiescence in ring‐stage parasites of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf). This induction of quiescence is linked to artemisinin resistance. Thus, we have turned to structurally disparate artemisinins that are incapable of providing DHA on metabolism. Accordingly, 11‐azaartemisinin 5 and selected N‐sulfonyl derivatives were screened against intraerythrocytic asexual stages of drug‐sensitive Pf NF54 and drug‐resistant K1 and W2 parasites. Most displayed appreciable activities against all three strains, with IC50 values <10.5 nm. The p‐trifluoromethylbenzenesulfonyl‐11‐azaartemisinin derivative 11 [(4′‐trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonylazaartemisinin] was the most active, with IC50 values between 2 and 3 nm. The compounds were screened against Pf NF54 early and transmissible late intraerythrocytic‐stage gametocytes using luciferase and parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assays. The 2′‐thienylsulfonyl derivative 16 (2′‐thiophenesulfonylazaartemisinin) was notably active against late‐stage (IV–V) gametocytes with an IC50 value of 8.7 nm. All compounds were relatively nontoxic to human fetal lung WI‐38 fibroblasts, showing selectivity indices of >2000 toward asexual parasites. Overall, the readily accessible 11‐azaartemisinin 5 and the sulfonyl derivatives 11 and 16 represent potential candidates for further development, in particular for transmission blocking of artemisinin‐resistant parasites.