bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal of indicators to evaluate complementary feeding based on World Health Organization indicators
Authors: Saldan Paula Chuproski , Venancio Sonia Isoyama , Saldiva Silvia Regina Dias Medici , de Mello Débora Falleiros 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study compares complementary feeding World Health Organization (WHO) indicators with those built in accordance with Brazilian recommendations (Ten Steps to Healthy Feeding). A cross‐sectional study was carried out during the National Immunization Campaign against Poliomyelitis in Guarapuava‐Paraná, Brazil, in 2012. Feeding data from 1,355 children aged 6–23 months were obtained through the 24 h diet recall. Based on five indicators, the proportion of adequacy was evaluated: introduction of solid, semi‐solid, or soft foods; minimum dietary diversity; meal frequency; acceptable diet; and consumption of iron‐rich foods. Complementary feeding showed adequacy higher than 85% in most WHO indicators, while review by the Ten Steps assessment method showed a less favorable circumstance and a high intake of unhealthy foods. WHO indicators may not reflect the complementary feeding conditions of children in countries with low malnutrition rates and an increased prevalence of overweight/obesity. The use of indicators according to the Ten Steps can be useful to identify problems and redirect actions aimed at promoting complementary feeding.
Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of ultrasound‐guided axillary plexus blockade in pediatric patients with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica
Authors: van den Heuvel Ingeborg , Gottschalk Antje , Langer Martin , Hahnenkamp Klaus , Ellger Björn 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackgroundIn patients suffering from epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica (DEB), the most severe form of epidermolysis bullosa, trauma or friction cause separation of the skin from underlying tissue with consecutive painful blisters, scarifications, contractures, and pseudosyndactyly. To retain functionality of the hands surgical procedures are necessary. Anesthesia is challenging as difficult airways make general anesthesia risky. Regional anesthesia is considered controversial in patients with EB as accidental subcutaneous injections can cause severe blisters. As ultrasound‐guided procedures became standard of care this might have changed however.AimIn this case series, we describe feasibility, efficacy, and safety of ultrasound‐guided plexus axillaris block in DEB patients undergoing hand surgery.MethodWe performed a retrospective analysis of the charts of all children with DEB undergoing hand surgery under plexus axillaris block and sedation between 2009 and 2013 in our institution.ResultsNineteen procedures in nine children were performed. Induction of anesthesia (securing monitoring, sedation, plexus block) took a mean time of 34 min. Perioperative analgesia was adequate in all procedures. No complications such as airway incidents, conversion to general anesthesia, movement during surgery, incomplete block, or formation of new blisters were seen.ConclusionUltrasound‐guided plexus axillaris block in DEB patients undergoing hand surgery in our institution has been feasible, effective, and safe.
Evaluation of Quality of Life, Functioning, Disability, and Work/School Productivity Following Treatment with an Extended‐Release Hydrocodone Tablet Formulated with Abuse‐Deterrence Technology: A 12‐month Open‐label Study in Patients with Chronic Pain
Authors: Hale Martin E. , Zimmerman Thomas R. , Ma Yuju , Malamut Richard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis phase 3 study evaluated quality of life, functioning, and productivity after treatment with extended‐release (ER) hydrocodone formulated with CIMA® Abuse‐Deterrence Technology platform.MethodsPatients with chronic pain were rolled over from a 12‐week placebo‐controlled hydrocodone ER study or were newly enrolled. Hydrocodone ER doses were titrated (15 to 90 mg every 12 hours) to an analgesic dose, and patients received up to 52 weeks of open‐label treatment. Assessments included Clinician Assessment of Patient Function (CAPF), Patient Assessment of Function (PAF), Brief Pain Inventory–Short Form (BPI–SF), 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire–Short Form (HPQ–SF).ResultsOf 330 enrolled patients, 291 composed the full analysis population. By week 4, ≥ 50% of patients showed improvement from baseline in all 5 CAPF domains (general activities, walking, work/daily living, relationships, and enjoyment of life) and 6 of 7 PAF domains (work attendance, work performance, walking, exercise, socializing, and enjoying life). Mean decreases from baseline of 2 to 3 points were noted for BPI–SF pain interference questions from week 4 through endpoint. Mean improvements from baseline to endpoint in SF‐36 subscales ranged from 3.3 to 22.3, and SDS scores improved from moderate (4.8 to 5.1) to mild (2.5 to 2.8) disruptions in work/school, social life, and family life. At endpoint, mean HPQ–SF absolute absenteeism scores decreased from 13.6 to 10.0 hours lost/month and absolute presenteeism scores improved from 67.0 to 77.1.ConclusionsPatients receiving hydrocodone ER showed early numeric improvements in functioning that continued throughout this 12‐month study.
Anaphylaxis after prick‐to‐prick test with fish
Authors: Haktanir Abul Mehtap , Orhan Fazil 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSkin prick testing is the diagnostic procedure for allergies and is considered to be safe. It is usually performed using the prick and the prick‐to‐prick method. Herein is described a pediatric case of anaphylaxis during prick‐to‐prick testing with raw fish in a patient who had consumed fish without any systemic allergic reactions beforehand, to illustrate that skin prick testing should be carefully planned and performed with caution in order to avoid potentially serious risks for the patient.
The second report of the Nordic Pediatric Renal Transplantation Registry 1997–2012: More infant recipients and improved graft survivals
Authors: Jahnukainen Timo , Bjerre Anna , Larsson Marie , Tainio Juuso , Thiesson Helle C. , Jalanko Hannu , Schwartz Sørensen Søren , Wennberg Lars 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe NPRTSG has collected data on pediatric KTx since 1994. The registry archives information from all centers that perform pediatric KTx in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden and has 100% coverage. The first NPRTSG report was published in 1998 and was based on data collected in the 1982─1996 period. The present report provides data on 602 pediatric KTx in the Nordic countries from 1997 to 2012. Comparison of the patient demographics and one‐ and three‐yr graft survivals between the two time cohorts revealed no significant change in the recipient and donor demographics. The number of transplantations increased by approximately 30%, doubling the recipients below the age of two yr. The use of Tac and mycophenolate as primary immunosuppression increased from practically 0% to 50% and 40%, respectively. The one‐ and three‐yr graft survivals improved significantly (p < 0.001), especially among the youngest recipients with transplant from DD. In these patients, the one‐yr survival improved from 70% to 94.6% and the three‐yr graft survival from 60% to 94.6%, respectively. The improved graft survival may be at least partly due to changes in immunosuppression strategies, but also greater experience may also be of importance.
Evaluation of facilitative factors for preventing cognitive decline: A 3‐year cohort study of community intervention
Authors: Kimura Daisuke , Takeda Tokunori , Ohura Tomoko , Imai Aiko 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimWe conducted a cohort study to elucidate paticipants' facilitative factors that may help to prevent cognitive decline.MethodsThis study followed 100 participants (average age: 74.1 ± 5.8; 10 men, 90 women) for 3 years; participants had previously been part of the Taketoyo Project (n = 366) in 2007–2011. The end‐point was defined as reduced cognitive function in elderly community residents participating in a preventive intervention for dementia. The presence or absence of reduced cognitive function at the end of the third year of intervention was the dependent variable, and all evaluation items were considered explanatory variables. After Fisher's exact test (P < 0.15), stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis (P < 0.05) was performed, and facilitative factors for prevention of cognitive decline were extracted.ResultsItems with a significant adjusted odds ratio (OR) based on multiple logistic regression analysis were the three‐word delayed recall test (OR: 0.330, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.142–0.767; P < 0.05), word fluency (OR: 0.565, 95%CI: 0.359–0.891; P < 0.05), frequency of going out (OR: 2.790, 95%CI: 0.803–6.380; P < 0.05) and number of friends with whom they engaged in activities (OR:0.344, 95%CI: 0.127–0.932; P < 0.05).ConclusionSubjects who had maintained a certain level of cognitive function, engaged in activities with friends, and went out frequently at baseline were extracted. In other words, the results suggested that enhancement of social networks and leisure activities prompted by recreational centre participation had a positive effect on maintaining cognitive function. The results also suggest that to improve the effectiveness of preventive interventions for cognitive dysfunction, support for social factors and leisure activities, in addition to cognitive function, may improve the long‐term effectiveness of maintaining cognitive function.
Effects of Supplementing Holstein Heifers with Dietary Melatonin during Late Gestation on Growth and Cardiovascular Measurements of their Offspring
Authors: Brockus KE , Hart CG , Fleming BO , Smith T , Ward SH , Lemley CO 
Published: February 2016

ContentsThe objective was to examine the effects of supplementing dams with dietary melatonin during late gestation on offspring growth and cardiovascular measurements. On day 190 of gestation, heifers (n = 20) were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments consisting of 20 mg of dietary melatonin per day [melatonin (MEL)] or no melatonin supplementation [control (CON)]. Dietary treatments were terminated on day 262 of gestation. At birth, calves were separated from their dams with no further treatments. Calf (n = 18) blood pressure, cortisol, nitrites and total antioxidant capacity were collected on weeks 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 of age. Calf hepatic portal blood flow and concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor 1 were determined on weeks 0 and 4 of age. Calf body weight, abdominal girth, hip height and wither height increased (p < 0.05) with age. An age by treatment interaction (p < 0.01) was observed for calf body weight, which was increased at weeks 8 and 9 of age in calves born to MEL heifers compared to calves born to CON heifers. Pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, absolute hepatic portal blood flow and blood flow relative to calf body weight were not different (p > 0.05) between treatments. A main effect of calf age (p < 0.05) was observed for concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor 1, which was decreased at week 4 compared to week 0. An age by treatment interaction (p < 0.05) was observed for cortisol, which was decreased at week 2 in calves from MEL‐treated dams compared to calves from CON‐treated dams. Early post‐natal growth was altered in offspring born to dams supplemented with dietary melatonin. This could lead to further foetal programming implications in conjunction with post‐natal development.
Revisiting Growth‐Poverty Relationship: A Medium‐Term Causality Approach
Authors: Pérez‐Moreno Salvador 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article examines the potential medium‐term causal relationship between changes in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and poverty in developing countries during the 1970s–1990s. For this purpose, we use panel data model evaluation techniques to test the out‐of‐sample forecasting performance of competing models. We conclude that the evidence supports the hypothesis that increases in GDP per capita cause unidirectional poverty reduction, measured by the $1/day poverty rate, in the period 1970s–1980s. The results are similar when analysing low‐ and middle‐income countries and mid‐high‐ and very high‐inequality countries separately. However, in the period 1980s–1990s, it is only statistically significant for low‐income countries.
Patient Experience Assessment is a Requisite for Quality Evaluation: A Discussion of the In‐Center Hemodialysis Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems (ICH CAHPS) Survey
Authors: Cavanaugh Kerri L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPatient experience surveys provide a critical and unique perspective on the quality of patient‐centered healthcare delivery. These surveys provide a mechanism to systematically express patients' voice on topics valued by patients to make decisions about choices in care. They also provide an assessment to healthcare organizations about their service that cannot be obtained from any other source. Regulatory agencies have mandated the assessment of patients' experience as part of healthcare value based purchasing programs and weighted the results to account for up to 30% of the total scoring. This is a testimony to the accepted importance of this metric as a fundamental assessment of quality. After more than a decade of rigorous research, there is a significant body of growing evidence supporting specifically the validity and use of the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) surveys, including a version specific to in‐center hemodialysis (ICH CAHPS). This review will focus on the ICH CAHPS survey including a review of its development, content, administration, and also a discussion of common criticisms. Although it is suggested that the survey assesses activities and experiences that are not modifiable by the healthcare organization (or the dialysis facility in our case) emerging evidence suggests otherwise. Dialysis providers have an exclusive opportunity to lead the advancement of understanding the implications and serviceability of the evaluation of the patient experience in health care.
A UDP‐glucosyltransferase functions in both acylphloroglucinol glucoside and anthocyanin biosynthesis in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)
Authors: Song Chuankui , Zhao Shuai , Hong Xiaotong , Liu Jingyi , Schulenburg Katja , Schwab Wilfried 
Published: February 2016

SummaryPhysiologically active acylphloroglucinol (APG) glucosides were recently found in strawberry (Fragaria sp.) fruit. Although the formation of the APG aglycones has been clarified, little is known about APG glycosylation in plants. In this study we functionally characterized ripening‐related glucosyltransferase genes in Fragaria by comprehensive biochemical analyses of the encoded proteins and by a RNA interference (RNAi) approach in vivo. The allelic proteins UGT71K3a/b catalyzed the glucosylation of diverse hydroxycoumarins, naphthols and flavonoids as well as phloroglucinols, enzymatically synthesized APG aglycones and pelargonidin. Total enzymatic synthesis of APG glucosides was achieved by co‐incubation of recombinant dual functional chalcone/valerophenone synthase and UGT71K3 proteins with essential coenzyme A esters and UDP‐glucose. An APG glucoside was identified in strawberry fruit which has not yet been reported in other plants. Suppression of UGT71K3 activity in transient RNAi‐silenced fruits led to a loss of pigmentation and a substantial decrease of the levels of various APG glucosides and an anthocyanin. Metabolite analyses of transgenic fruits confirmed UGT71K3 as a UDP‐glucose:APG glucosyltransferase in planta. These results provide the foundation for the breeding of fruits with improved health benefits and for the biotechnological production of bioactive natural products.
Protein kinase C‐dependent regulation of ClC‐1 channels in active human muscle and its effect on fast and slow gating
Authors: Riisager Anders , de Paoli Frank Vincenzo , Yu Wei‐Ping , Pedersen Thomas Holm , Chen Tsung‐Yu , Nielsen Ole Bækgaard 
Published: February 2016

Key points
Regulation of ion channel function during repeated firing of action potentials is commonly observed in excitable cells. Recently it was shown that muscle activity is associated with rapid, protein kinase C (PKC)‐dependent ClC‐1 Cl− channel inhibition in rodent muscle.
While this PKC‐dependent ClC‐1 inhibition during muscle activity was shown to be important for the maintenance of contractile endurance in rat muscle it is unknown whether a similar regulation exists in human muscle.
Also, the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed PKC‐dependent ClC‐1 inhibition are unclear.
Here we present the first demonstration of ClC‐1 inhibition in active human muscle fibres, and we determine the changes in ClC‐1 gating that underlie the PKC‐dependent ClC‐1 inhibition in active muscle using human ClC‐1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
This activity‐induced ClC‐1 inhibition is suggested to represent a mechanism by which human muscle fibres maintain their excitability during sustained activity.
AbstractRepeated firing of action potentials (APs) is known to trigger rapid, protein kinase C (PKC)‐dependent inhibition of ClC‐1 Cl− ion channels in rodent muscle and this inhibition is important for contractile endurance. It is currently unknown whether similar regulation exists in human muscle, and the molecular mechanisms underlying PKC‐dependent ClC‐1 inhibition are unclear. This study first determined whether PKC‐dependent ClC‐1 inhibition exists in active human muscle, and second, it clarified how PKC alters the gating of human ClC‐1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. In human abdominal and intercostal muscles, repeated AP firing was associated with 30–60% reduction of ClC‐1 function, which could be completely prevented by PKC inhibition (1 μm GF109203X). The role of the PKC‐dependent ClC‐1 inhibition was evaluated from rheobase currents before and after firing 1000 APs: while rheobase current was well maintained after activity under control conditions it rose dramatically if PKC‐dependent ClC‐1 inhibition had been prevented with the inhibitor. This demonstrates that the ClC‐1 inhibition is important for maintenance of excitability in active human muscle fibres. Oocyte experiments showed that PKC activation lowered the overall open probability of ClC‐1 in the voltage range relevant for AP initiation in muscle fibres. More detailed analysis of this reduction showed that PKC mostly affected the slow gate of ClC‐1. Indeed, there was no effect of PKC activation in C277S mutated ClC‐1 in which the slow gate is effectively locked open. It is concluded that regulation of excitability of active human muscle fibres relies on PKC‐dependent ClC‐1 inhibition via a gating mechanism.
Sample size requirements for knowledge‐based treatment planning
Authors: Boutilier Justin J. , Craig Tim , Sharpe Michael B. , Chan Timothy C. Y. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:To determine how training set size affects the accuracy of knowledge‐based treatment planning (KBP) models.Methods:The authors selected four models from three classes of KBP approaches, corresponding to three distinct quantities that KBP models may predict: dose–volume histogram (DVH) points, DVH curves, and objective function weights. DVH point prediction is done using the best plan from a database of similar clinical plans; DVH curve prediction employs principal component analysis and multiple linear regression; and objective function weights uses either logistic regression or K‐nearest neighbors. The authors trained each KBP model using training sets of sizes n = 10, 20, 30, 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200. The authors set aside 100 randomly selected patients from their cohort of 315 prostate cancer patients from Princess Margaret Cancer Center to serve as a validation set for all experiments. For each value of n, the authors randomly selected 100 different training sets with replacement from the remaining 215 patients. Each of the 100 training sets was used to train a model for each value of n and for each KBT approach. To evaluate the models, the authors predicted the KBP endpoints for each of the 100 patients in the validation set. To estimate the minimum required sample size, the authors used statistical testing to determine if the median error for each sample size from 10 to 150 is equal to the median error for the maximum sample size of 200.Results:The minimum required sample size was different for each model. The DVH point prediction method predicts two dose metrics for the bladder and two for the rectum. The authors found that more than 200 samples were required to achieve consistent model predictions for all four metrics. For DVH curve prediction, the authors found that at least 75 samples were needed to accurately predict the bladder DVH, while only 20 samples were needed to predict the rectum DVH. Finally, for objective function weight prediction, at least 10 samples were needed to train the logistic regression model, while at least 150 samples were required to train the K‐nearest neighbor methodology.Conclusions:In conclusion, the minimum required sample size needed to accurately train KBP models for prostate cancer depends on the specific model and endpoint to be predicted. The authors' results may provide a lower bound for more complicated tumor sites.
Screening of a Library of FDA-Approved Drugs Identifies Several Enterovirus Replication Inhibitors That Target Viral Protein 2C
Authors: Ulferts Rachel , de Boer S. Matthijn , van der Linden Lonneke , Bauer Lisa , Lyoo Hey Rhyoung , Maté Maria J. , Lichière Julie , Canard Bruno , Lelieveld Daphne , Omta Wienand , Egan David , Coutard Bruno , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Enteroviruses (EVs) represent many important pathogens of humans. Unfortunately, no antiviral compounds currently exist to treat infections with these viruses. We screened the Prestwick Chemical Library, a library of approved drugs, for inhibitors of coxsackievirus B3, identified pirlindole as a potent novel inhibitor, and confirmed the inhibitory action of dibucaine, zuclopenthixol, fluoxetine, and formoterol. Upon testing of viruses of several EV species, we found that dibucaine and pirlindole inhibited EV-B and EV-D and that dibucaine also inhibited EV-A, but none of them inhibited EV-C or rhinoviruses (RVs). In contrast, formoterol inhibited all enteroviruses and rhinoviruses tested. All compounds acted through the inhibition of genome replication. Mutations in the coding sequence of the coxsackievirus B3 (CV-B3) 2C protein conferred resistance to dibucaine, pirlindole, and zuclopenthixol but not formoterol, suggesting that 2C is the target for this set of compounds. Importantly, dibucaine bound to CV-B3 protein 2C
in vitro
, whereas binding to a 2C protein carrying the resistance mutations was reduced, providing an explanation for how resistance is acquired.
Novel Structures and Temporal Changes of Arginine Catabolic Mobile Elements in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Genotypes ST5-MRSA-II and ST764-MRSA-II in Japan
Authors: Urushibara Noriko , Kawaguchiya Mitsuyo , Onishi Mayumi , Mise Keiji , Aung Meiji Soe , Kobayashi Nobumichi 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Twenty-two of 1,103 methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) isolates containing the type II staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
element (SCC
mec
) (collected in Hokkaido, Japan, from 2008 to 2011) harbored the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME). Five genetic variations were identified in the ACME-staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
composite islands, 66 to 79 kb in size. The percentage of ACME carriage temporally increased from 0.85% to 4.5% in parallel with the emergence of shorter variants (66 to 72 kb). Shorter variants may have a selective advantage and accelerate the dissemination of ACME in Japanese MRSA.