bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestión del patrimonio industrial en la renovación de la ciudad: la experiencia de Terrassa 1959-2011
Authors: Mas Ibáñez Sara , Sabaté Bel Joaquín 
Published: December 2017

En las últimas décadas el patrimonio industrial está cobrando especial relevancia. Los elementos del pasado industrial que aún persisten en el paisaje urbano están pasando del abandono a formar parte activa de la ordenación urbana. En Terrassa (Barcelona), este hecho ha marcado el proceso de renovación de la ciudad en el último medio siglo. En una experiencia de gestión pionera en curso la ciudad ha sabido hacer de la herencia textil del pasado una valiosa herramienta para construir su futuro. El objeto principal de esta investigación es analizar las características y evolución de la gestión del tejido industrial de la ciudad y valorar en qué medida dicha gestión urbana combina estrategias de conservación del patrimonio y de renovación de la ciudad. El trabajo confirma un marcado cambio desde las iniciales actuaciones singulares, al tratamiento urbanístico integrado en un proceso de gestión plural que aún tiene un largo camino por recorrer.
A les últimes dècades el patrimoni industrial està adquirint especial rellevància. Els elements del passat industrial que encara persisteixen en el paisatge urbà estan passant de l'abandonament a formar part activa de la ordenació urbana. A Terrassa, aquest fet ha marcat el procés de renovació de la ciutat en l'últim mig segle. En una experiència de gestió pionera en curs, la ciutat ha sabut fer de l'herència tèxtil del passat una valuosa eina per construir el seu futur. L'objecte principal d'aquesta investigació és analitzar les característiques i l'evolució de la gestió del teixit industrial de la ciutat i valorar en quina mesura aquesta gestió urbana combina estratègies de conservació del patrimoni i de renovació de la ciutat. El treball confirma un marcat canvi des de les inicials actuacions singulars al tractament urbanístic integrat en un procés de gestió plural que encara té un llarg camí per recórrer.
Over the last decades industrial heritage has achieved a special relevance. The formerly neglected elements from industrial past in urban landscape are becoming central in urban planning. This fact has determined part of Terrassa’s renovation process in the last half century. With an undergoing pioneering management experience the city has been able to find on ancient textile heritage a worth asset for the future. The main goal of this research is to analyze the features and evolution of Terrassa’s industrial heritage management and to evaluate how urban management integrates heritage conservation and city renovation strategies. The research confirms a strong evolution from individual actions to contextualized urban renovation in a plural process which has still a long way to go.
El acceso a los destinos rurales: una perspectiva para la planificación territorial del turismo en una región de interior (Castilla-La Mancha)
Authors: Fernández-Arroyo López-Manzanares Alfonso , Martínez Sánchez-Mateos Héctor S. 
Published: December 2017

<p>El artículo propone una tipología de áreas de mercado turístico a partir del análisis de la accesibilidad a los principales activos turísticos de Castilla-La Mancha. El objetivo es profundizar en la búsqueda de explicaciones lógicas sobre el impacto que tiene la accesibilidad en el desarrollo turístico de los territorios. Especialmente en áreas rurales donde la dotación diferencial de infraestructuras de transporte ha generado desequilibrios notables. Su comprensión, desde la lógica estructural origen-enlace-destino que adoptan muchos de los sistemas territoriales, supone un avance en el complejo proceso de planificación territorial del turismo. Los resultados obtenidos y trasladados a la escala supramunicipal ponen de relieve potencialidades y desventajas a considerar en las estrategias de los espacios rurales.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Resurrecting a subgenus to genus: molecular phylogeny ofEuphylliaandFimbriaphyllia(order Scleractinia; family Euphyllidae; clade V)
Authors: Luzon Katrina S. , Lin Mei-Fang , Ablan Lagman Ma. Carmen A. , Licuanan Wilfredo Roehl Y. , Chen Chaolun Allen 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThe corallum is crucial in building coral reefs and in diagnosing systematic relationships in the order Scleractinia. However, molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed a paraphyly in a majority of traditional families and genera among Scleractinia showing that other biological attributes of the coral, such as polyp morphology and reproductive traits, are underutilized. Among scleractinian genera, theEuphyllia, with nine nominal species in the Indo-Pacific region, is one of the groups that await phylogenetic resolution. Multiple genetic markers were used to construct the phylogeny of sixEuphylliaspecies, namelyE. ancora, E. divisa, E. glabrescens, E. paraancora, E. paradivisa,andE. yaeyamaensis.The phylogeny guided the inferences on the contributions of the colony structure, polyp morphology, and life history traits to the systematics of the largest genus in Euphyllidae (clade V) and, by extension, to the rest of clade V.ResultsAnalyses of cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox1), cytochrome b (cytb), and β-tubulin genes of 36 colonies representingEuphylliaand a confamilial species,Galaxea fascicularis,reveal two distinct groups in theEuphylliathat originated from different ancestors.Euphyllia glabrescensformed a separate group.Euphyllia ancora, E. divisa, E. paraancora, E. paradivisa,andE. yaeyamaensisclustered together and diverged from the same ancestor asG. fascicularis.The 3′-end of thecox1gene ofEuphylliawas able to distinguish morphospecies.DiscussionSpecies ofEuphylliawere traditionally classified into two subgenera,EuphylliaandFimbriaphyllia,which represented a dichotomy on colony structure. The paraphyletic groups retained the original members of the subgenera providing a strong basis for recognizingFimbriaphylliaas a genus. However, colony structure was found to be a convergent trait betweenEuphylliaandFimbriaphyllia,while polyp shape and length, sexuality, and reproductive mode defined the dichotomy better. Species in a genus are distinguished by combining polyp morphology and colony form. The cluster ofE. glabrescensof theEuphylliagroup is a hermaphroditic brooder with long, tubular tentacles with knob-like tips, and a phaceloid colony structure. TheFimbriaphylliagroup, withF. paraancora, F. paradivisa, F. ancora, F. divisa,andF. yaeyamaensis,are gonochoric broadcast spawners with short polyps, mixed types of tentacle shapes, and a phaceloid or flabello-meandroid skeleton. Soft-tissue morphology ofG. fascicularisandCtenella chagiuswere found to be consistent with the dichotomy.ConclusionsThe paraphyly of the original members of the previous subgenera justify recognizingFimbriaphylliaas a genus. The integrated approach demonstrates that combining polyp features, reproductive traits, and skeletal morphology is of high systematic value not just toEuphylliaandFimbriaphylliabut also to clade V; thus, laying the groundwork for resolving the phylogeny of clade V.
Molecular evolution of virulence genes and non-virulence genes in clinical, natural and artificial environmentalLegionella pneumophilaisolates
Authors: Zhan Xiao-Yong , Zhu Qing-Yi 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundL. pneumophilais the main causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease. Free-living amoeba in natural aquatic environments is the reservoir and shelter forL. pneumophila.From natural water sources,L. pneumophilacan colonize artificial environments such as cooling towers and hot-water systems, and then spread in aerosols, infecting the susceptible person. Therefore, molecular phylogeny and genetic variability ofL. pneumophilafrom different sources (natural water, artificial water, and human lung tissue) might be distinct because of the selection pressure in different environments. Several studies researched genetic differences betweenL. pneumophilaclinical isolates and environmental isolates at the nucleotide sequence level. These reports mainly focused on the analysis of virulence genes, and rarely distinguished artificial and natural isolates.MethodsWe have used 139L. pneumophilaisolates to study their genetic variability and molecular phylogeny. These isolates include 51 artificial isolates, 59 natural isolates, and 29 clinical isolates. The nucleotide sequences of two representative non-virulence (NV) genes (trpA, cca) and three representative virulence genes (icmK, lspE, lssD) were obtained using PCR and DNA sequencing and were analyzed.ResultsLevels of genetic variability including haplotypes, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, nucleotide difference and the total number of mutations in the virulence loci were higher in the natural isolates. In contrast, levels of genetic variability including polymorphic sites, theta from polymorphic sites and the total number of mutations in the NV loci were higher in clinical isolates. A phylogenetic analysis of each individual gene tree showed three to six main groups, but not comprising the sameL. pneumophilaisolates. We detected recombination events in every virulence loci of natural isolates, but only detected them in theccalocus of clinical isolates. Neutrality tests showed that variations in the virulence genes of clinical and environmental isolates were under neutral evolution. TrpAandccaloci of clinical isolates showed significantly negative values of Tajima’s D, Fu and Li’s D* and F*, suggesting the presence of negative selection in NV genes of clinical isolates.DiscussionOur findingsreinforced the point that the natural environments were the primary training place forL. pneumophilavirulence, and intragenic recombination was an important strategy in the adaptive evolution of virulence gene. Our study also suggested the selection pressure had unevenly affected these genes and contributed to the different evolutionary patterns existed between NV genes and virulence genes. This work provides clues for future work on population-level and genetics-level questions about ecology and molecular evolution ofL. pneumophila,as well as genetic differences of NV genes and virulence genes between this host-range pathogen with different lifestyles.
Trimetazidine Increases Cell Survival and Inhibits the Activation of Inflammatory Response in Sodium Taurocholate–Induced Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Işık Sevil , Şengül Neriman , Töre Fatma , Aydın Cemalettin , Aslan Açelya , Uçar Gülberk , Fırat Tülin , Kükner Aysel , Bayram Recep , Demirbağ Ali Eba , Oruğ Taner 
Published: December 2017

Objective:
To evaluate the therapeutic effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) in an experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) model induced with sodium taurocholate (STC).

Summary of Background Data:
At present, AP is considered a disease with no specific treatment. Preventing mitochondrial dysfunction in acinar cells may be an option for specific treatment of AP. TMZ is an anti-ischemic drug with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and mitochondrial modulatory effects.

Methods:
Rats were divided into 4 groups. AP was induced in the AP (n = 7) and AP + TMZ (n = 7) groups by an injection of 4% sodium taurocholate to the pancreatic duct. The sham (n = 6) and drug (n = 6) groups were designated as control groups. The AP + TMZ and drug groups were administered TMZ. Samples were taken at 72 hours, and histopathologic changes as well as biochemical parameters were analyzed.

Results:
Serum amylase, tissue myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels, serum cytokine levels, and mast cell degranulation rates were elevated after induction of AP, whereas tissue antioxidant enzyme activities and cell viability rates [determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay] decreased. These parameters were found to be different in the AP group compared with those in all other groups (P &lt; 0.05). A significant improvement of all parameters was achieved with the TMZ treatment of AP. Histologically, significant differences were found between the AP and AP + TMZ groups in terms of leukocyte infiltration, necrosis, and apoptotic cell counts.

Conclusions:
In this study, we demonstrated that TMZ treatment protected the mitochondrial function and prevented the activation of the inflammatory cascade in the sodium taurocholate–induced AP model.
Ion Mobility Spectrometry in Forensic Science
Authors: Joshi Monica 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIon mobility spectrometry (IMS) is an analytical technique that has primarily been used as a trace chemical monitor in the field. The benefits of IMS as a field detector are its simplicity, sensitivity, fast analysis times, portability, ruggedness, and its operation at ambient pressures. IMS has successfully been used for many years to detect traces of explosives at airports and other security checkpoints; illicit drugs in prisons, cargo, and in border security. The military have long used IMS for detection of chemical warfare agents. Innovations in drift tubes, nonradioactive ion sources, and hyphenated IMS techniques in recent years have expanded the range of forensic applications. A sample introduced into the IMS undergoes atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and the resulting product ions are separated by their mobilities in the drift tube. Several factors such as temperature, humidity, concentration and presence of interferences can affect the ionization and separation process. This article describes the principles of IMS, developments in technology, and their implications for forensic science. IMS trends in detection of explosives, illicit drugs, and chemical warfare agents are discussed. The article also provides an overview of some unconventional applications and some interesting emerging forensic applications of IMS.
Field
F
ourier Transform‐Infrared Instrumentation
Authors: Heikkilä Antti S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Field‐portable Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) instrumentation for gas analysis is a fast‐developing field with many applications within the scientific community and across several industries. Design features and requirements for field instruments are discussed, together with an introduction to FT‐IR spectrometer design and operation and multivariate chemometrics used to quantitatively analyze FT‐IR spectra for gas concentration. Discussion of operating procedures and quality assurance protocols is given together with application examples.
Toxicogenomic Evaluation Using the Zebrafish Model System
Authors: Horzmann Katharine A. , Freeman Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractToxicogenomics is the study of the alterations in the genome after exposure to xenobiotics such as environmental toxicants, pharmaceuticals, or other chemical agents. Toxicogenomics encompasses the study and evaluation of the genome (genomics); alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression (epigenome); gene expression (transcriptome); alterations in protein levels (proteome); and changes in metabolites and small molecules (metabolome). Techniques and technologies ranging from microarrays and next‐generation sequencing have made genome‐wide evaluations more accessible, and the refinement of the fields of metabolomics, proteomics, and epigenomics offers the potential for comprehensive evaluations of toxicity. The zebrafish biomedical model is particularly amenable to toxicogenomic analyses due to a sequenced genome, short generational period, ease of genetic manipulation, and ability for high‐throughput assays. Zebrafish have been used for toxicogenomic evaluation of environmental toxicants and ecotoxicity, endocrine disrupting chemicals, metals, and in pharmaceutical drug development. This article reviews the history of zebrafish in ‘‐omics’ research and provides examples of toxicogenomic techniques.
Glass Bead Sample Preparation forXRF
Authors: Nakayama Kenichi , Wagatsuma Kazuaki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractX‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) is often used for bulk elemental analysis. A commercial apparatus equipped with automatic calculation software can obtain semiquantitative composition values of major and minor elements in a solid sample without sample preparation. However, reliable and traceable determination requires strict analytic procedures including appropriate sample preparation and a favored calibration curve method. The glass bead sample preparation technique is much better suited for such determination than direct measurement of a solid sample with no sample preparation or powdered sample preparation such as pressed briquettes and loose powder. The fluorescent X‐ray intensity varies with physical and chemical factors such as heterogeneity of the measured sample and matrix effects including X‐ray absorption and enhancement on the measured specimen. These interfering factors can be largely overcome using glass bead sample preparation including sample fusion with a borate matrix. Then homogeneous specimens of sample and standard can be prepared easily for oxidizing samples such as geochemical igneous rock, environmental soil, archaeological ceramics, and industrial raw materials such as iron ore. This article presents details of glass bead sample preparation for reliable and accurate results. Calibration curve methods with appropriate standards, especially synthetic standard glass beads with chemical reagents, are also described.
Agrobacterium‐Mediated Transformation of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus)
Authors: Bates Ruth , Craze Melanie , Wallington Emma J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a commercially important member of the Brassicacea family. It is grown for its edible and industrial oils as well as for animal feed. Genetic transformation technology has been used to study gene function and produce oilseed rape with improved agronomic characteristics. This protocol describes a method for the Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated transformation of oilseed rape cotyledonary petioles. The method is reproducible and has been used to transform both spring and winter cultivars. Modifications have been made to the rooting stage, which have reduced the vitrification of shoots. This has not only increased the number of phenotypically normal shoots but has also resulted in an increase in transformation efficiency, concomitant with a dramatic reduction in the number of escapes regenerated. Transformation frequencies typically range from 5% to 10%, with an average of 12% using doubled haploid model varieties, but a maximum efficiency of 20% has been achieved. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bird collision with power lines: estimating carcass persistence and detection associated with ground search surveys
Authors: Borner L. , Duriez O. , Besnard A. , Robert A. , Carrere V. , Jiguet F. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe quantification of bird mortality due to collision with power lines is complicated by the heterogeneity of survey methods used and the bias related to searching for carcasses on the ground (e.g., carcass persistence and imperfect detection by observers). To estimate the bias associated with ground search surveys, we conducted three 30‐d trials to test carcass persistence by placing and monitoring carcasses of red‐legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) and common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) below power lines at 14 sites. We also conducted two detection experiments, testing the ability of 19 observers to detect bird carcasses. We used survival analysis and generalized linear mixed‐effects models to investigate the effects of site, habitat, carcass size, and survey period on both carcass persistence and detection. We also investigated the effect of carcass age on carcass persistence and the effect of the observer on carcass detection. Our findings show significant variations in carcass persistence between sites and survey periods, as well as significant interaction between these variables. The daily carcass persistence probability was highly variable between sites, with an up to eightfold variation. Carcass detection increased with increasing carcass size and was significantly affected by the microhabitat surrounding the carcass; it also varied between observers. These findings suggest that both carcass persistence and detection vary strongly and unpredictably at a small scale. As a result, conservation managers should be encouraged to conduct carcass persistence and detection experiments on sites where they aim to produce unbiased estimates of bird mortality below power lines, and these trials should be carried out in conditions similar to the mortality survey. A large‐scale, unbiased, and accurate estimate of bird collision mortality due to power lines may require substantial field effort, with a survey frequency of more than once a week.
Impact of salinity and nutrients on salt marsh stability
Authors: Alldred Mary , Liberti Anne , Baines Stephen B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBelowground growth in coastal plants is critical for marsh stability and the ability of coastal wetlands to keep pace with sea‐level rise. Quantifying the effects of nutrient loading on belowground plant growth is an ongoing controversy in wetland research, with previous experiments demonstrating both positive and negative impacts. Moreover, salinity may also decrease belowground growth through sulfide toxicity, or plants may increase root growth to oxidize sediments and respond to sulfide stress. Because salinity influences plant nitrogen assimilation and sediment nitrogen retention, salinity and nitrogen may interact to influence belowground plant growth. We sampled an urban‐to‐rural land‐use gradient of 11 Spartina alterniflora marshes on Long Island, New York, to look for correlates of belowground biomass. We found that belowground biomass was related positively to salinity and negatively to extractable nitrogen content in sediments. Total belowground plant biomass was reduced by 60–70% in high‐nitrogen marshes and enhanced by as much as 70% in high‐salinity marshes. Further, we found no evidence of interaction between salinity and nitrogen, indicating that these factors were independently related to belowground plant growth. Our results indicate that chronic eutrophication and increasing salinity resulting from sea‐level rise are likely to have opposing effects on future marsh stability.