bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commons consent
Authors: Storey Colin 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– Constructing academic library learning spaces involves ad hoc groups of agents often with fuzzy inter-relationships. Librarians and their user communities are initially hailed within these groups as prime-movers in realizing projects. Librarians bring to the table contagious ideas generated from their own profession in the hope of securing appropriate funding and planning pre-requisites. All other agents, be they internal community representatives or external architects, assist them in making sense of each other’s standpoints to co-create dynamic learning spaces in “commons consent”. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using the community culture in The Chinese University of Hong Kong as existed in 2012 as a case study, this paper examines the reality of this process in terms of a new library for learning, teaching and research.

Findings
– Can librarians hold sway over the priorities of other individual agents, particularly architects, to gain consent to build their initial concept of the commons which they are vigorously promoting as professionally valid and educationally potent? In the co-creation of a building, individual preferences and organizational power structures in ad hoc groups drawn from the university’s distinct cultural environment fuel compromise and even tension around the librarians’ and architects’ original visions.

Research limitations/implications
– Many other case studies of library building learning commons projects would be useful to add to these findings in sensemaking, co-creation and community cultures.

Practical implications
– Assists library managers in their management of large buildings projects.

Originality/value
– An original case study of a major Asian academic library learning commons project which involves sensemaking, co-creation and community cultures ideas imported from construction science.
Reducing library space can promote the shift from storage of print-collections towards a learning-centre without limiting the access to information
Authors: Haapanen Mia , Kultamaa Pirkko , Ovaska Tuulevi , Salmi Kirsi 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– Libraries have changed due to many things, one of them being the shift from printed to electronic resources. Libraries become learning centres, providing more space for customers and less for stacks. Though information seeking habits have changed, especially students need places for studying and group work. In the case of Kuopio University Hospital Medical Library the shift has been influenced by space requirements for other hospital functions. The reduction of current physical space has led to revised collection policy that is now taking its final steps when the library is preparing to move to a new space. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, a 650 m2 library space was remodelled to a 450 m2 without major negative effects on services. Second, the hospital has assigned the medical library a new location where a new library space and learning centre will be renovated. Less space for print collections means that reliable delivery from print resources is crucial.

Findings
– Due to the merger of two universities’ collections to one multi-campus collection and to quick delivery service from the National Repository Library as well as good logistic services the authors are able to provide the customers with a possibility to use wide collections even if the own print-collections are small.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper describes the collection policy and the service model of one library.

Originality/value
– Small visible collections can be a challenge as the shelves are few. Creating awareness through marketing is essential. Campaigns, QR codes, big screens, user education, social media and everyday individual guidance are among the tools of creating wider awareness.
Factors affecting empowerment of female librarians, views of female managers of Tehran public libraries
Authors: Nakhoda Maryam , Rahimian Samaneh 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study promoting and inhibiting factors in empowerment of female librarians in the opinion of female managers. It is necessary that library managers identify and monitor influential factors in empowering librarians, and attempt to eliminate factors with negative effects.Design/methodology/approach– This study is conducted in a phenomenological approach, which relies on in-depth interviews among nine female managers of top public library in Tehran. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews. Qualitative thematic analysis method was used for analysis of data.Findings– Interviews analysis revealed that job skills, participation and teamwork, role resolution, access to information, motivation, role modeling, recognition, and appreciation were among the effective factors in empowerment of female librarians. On the other hand, poor organizational communication system, negative attitudes toward staff, and instructional management style were among the inhibiting factors in empowerment of female librarians in the opinion of female public library managers.Originality/value– Results of the present study can help managers of public libraries to identify factors affecting empowerment of female librarians’. Also the findings can be used in managers’ planning and decision-making process.
Library spaces in the 21st century
Authors: Seal Robert A 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– Libraries and library professionals face multiple challenges in meeting user needs in the second decade of the new millennium. This is particularly true in academic libraries where students and faculty demand and expect fast, easy, and seamless access to information as well as flexible, comfortable places to work alone as well as collaboratively with colleagues, friends, classmates, and instructors. These same patrons often require the assistance of information specialists to navigate a library’s increasingly large array of online resources. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper provides historical context and reviews recent trends in the area in the area of learning and study spaces in academic libraries. It also cites the successful information commons at the author’s home institution, Loyola University Chicago, examining its first six years of operation and projecting changes in its next half decade.

Findings
– The past 15 plus years have seen a major shift in philosophy in the USA and in other parts of the globe in terms of the importance of “library as space” in enhancing the role of the college and university library. As a result, academic institutions, at the urging of librarians, have created spaces known as information commons, learning commons, research commons, etc. in response to user needs for access to technology, group work, social interaction, and knowledge creation.

Originality/value
– The information commons in all its forms has not been static, indeed it has matured, adapting over time to changing technologies, patron needs, and pedagogies.
Alkaline phosphatases are involved in the response of Aedes aegypti larvae to intoxication with Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Cry toxins
Authors: Stalinski Renaud , Laporte Frédéric , Després Laurence , Tetreau Guillaume 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) is a natural pathogen of dipterans widely used as a biological insecticide for mosquito control. To characterize the response of mosquitoes to intoxication with Bti, the transcriptome profile of Bti‐exposed susceptible Aedes aegypti larvae was analysed using Illumina RNA‐seq. Gene expression of 11 alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) was further investigated by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ALP activity was measured in the susceptible strain and in four strains resistant to a single Bti Cry toxin or to Bti. These strains were unexposed or exposed to their toxin of selection. Although all resistant strains constitutively exhibited a higher level of transcription of ALP genes than the susceptible strain, they showed a lower total ALP activity. The intoxication with different individual Cry toxins triggered a global pattern of ALP gene under‐transcription in all the one‐toxin‐resistant strains but involving different specific sets of ALPs in each resistant phenotype. Most of the ALPs involved are not known Cry‐binding proteins. RNA interference experiment demonstrated that reducing ALP expression conferred increased the survival of larvae exposed to Cry4Aa, confirming the involvement of ALP in Cry4Aa toxicity.
Third trimester screening for alloimmunisation in Rhc‐negative pregnant women: evaluation of the Dutch national screening programme
Authors: Slootweg YM , Koelewijn JM , van Kamp IL , van der Bom JG , Oepkes D , de Haas M 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of red blood cell (RBC) antibody screening in the 27th week of pregnancy in Rhc‐negative women, on detection of alloimmunisation, undetected at first trimester screening (‘late’ alloimmunisation), and subsequent haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), to assess risk factors for late alloimmunisation.DesignProspective cohort and nested case–control study.SettingThe Netherlands.PopulationTwo‐year nationwide cohort.MethodsProspective inclusion of Rhc‐negative women with negative first trimester screening and of screen‐negative controls. Assessment of incidence and numbers needed to screen (NNS) of late alloimmunisation and HDFN; logistic regression analysis to establish risk factors for late alloimmunisation.Main outcome measuresLate alloimmunisation, HDFN.ResultsLate alloimmunisation occurred in 99 of 62 096 (0.159%) Rhc‐negative women; 90% had c/E antibodies and 10% non‐Rhesus antibodies. Severe HDFN (fetal/neonatal transfusion) occurred in two of 62 096 (0.003%) of Rhc‐negative women and 2% of late alloimmunisations; moderate HDFN (phototherapy) occurred in 20 children [22.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 13.8–31.1%]. Perinatal survival was 100%. The NNS to detect one HDFN case was 2823 (31 048 for severe, 3105 for moderate HDFN). Significant risk factors were former blood transfusion [odds ratio (OR), 10.4; 95% CI, 1.14–94.9], parity (P−1: OR, 11.8; 95% CI, 3.00–46.5; P > 1: OR, 7.77; 95% CI, 1.70–35.4) and amniocentesis/chorionic villus sampling during current pregnancy (OR, 9.20; 95% CI, 1.16–72.9).ConclusionsAdditional screening of Rhc‐negative women improved the detection of late alloimmunisation and HDFN, facilitating timely treatment, with a NNS of 2823. Independent risk factors for late alloimmunisation were blood transfusion, parity and chorionic villus sampling/amniocentesis in the current pregnancy. The occurrence of most factors before the current pregnancy suggests a secondary immune response explaining most late alloimmunisations.Tweetable abstractThird trimester screening for alloimmunisation in Rhc‐neg women improves detection and treatment of severe HDFN.
Genetic structure of the Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) population: Are tigers in Sikhote‐Alin and southwest Primorye truly isolated?
Authors: SOROKIN Pavel A. , ROZHNOV Vyatcheslav V. , KRASNENKO Anna U. , LUKAREVSKIY Victor S. , NAIDENKO Sergey V. , HERNANDEZ‐BLANCO Jose A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe used molecular genetic analyses to noninvasively identify individual Amur tigers and define subpopulations of tigers in the Russian Far East. We identified 63 individuals after genotyping 256 feces, 7 hair and 11 blood samples collected within southern, central and northern Sikhote‐Alin, as well as Southwest Primorye. Analysis of nuclear DNA at 9 microsatellite loci demonstrated greater genetic similarity between animals from southern and northern Sikhote‐Alin (some 500 km apart) than between animals from Ussuriskii State Nature Reserve and Southwest Primorye (less than 10 km apart at their nearest point), suggesting that a true barrier exists preventing movements of tigers between Southwest Primorye and the southern Sikhote‐Alin Mountains.
Noninvasive genetics provides insights into the population size and genetic diversity of an Amur tiger population in China
Authors: WANG Dan , HU Yibo , MA Tianxiao , NIE Yonggang , XIE Yan , WEI Fuwen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUnderstanding population size and genetic diversity is critical for effective conservation of endangered species. The Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) is the largest felid and a flagship species for wildlife conservation. Due to habitat loss and human activities, available habitat and population size are continuously shrinking. However, little is known about the true population size and genetic diversity of wild tiger populations in China. In this study, we collected 55 fecal samples and 1 hair sample to investigate the population size and genetic diversity of wild Amur tigers in Hunchun National Nature Reserve, Jilin Province, China. From the samples, we determined that 23 fecal samples and 1 hair sample were from 7 Amur tigers: 2 males, 4 females and 1 individual of unknown sex. Interestingly, 2 fecal samples that were presumed to be from tigers were from Amur leopards, highlighting the significant advantages of noninvasive genetics over traditional methods in studying rare and elusive animals. Analyses from this sample suggested that the genetic diversity of wild Amur tigers is much lower than that of Bengal tigers, consistent with previous findings. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of this Hunchun population in China was lower than that of the adjoining subpopulation in southwest Primorye Russia, likely due to sampling bias. Considering the small population size and relatively low genetic diversity, it is urgent to protect this endangered local subpopulation in China.
Exfoliation syndrome: assembling the puzzle pieces
Authors: Pasquale Louis R. , Borrás Terete , Fingert John H. , Wiggs Janey L. , Ritch Robert 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeTo summarize various topics and the cutting edge approaches to refineXFSpathogenesis that were discussed at the 21st annual Glaucoma Foundation Think Tank meeting in New York City, Sept. 19–20, 2014.MethodsThe highlights of three categories of talks on cutting edge research in the field were summarized.ResultsExfoliation syndrome (XFS) is a systemic disorder with a substantial ocular burden, including high rates of cataract, cataract surgery complications, glaucoma and retinal vein occlusion. New information aboutXFSis akin to puzzle pieces that do not quite join together to reveal a clear picture regarding how exfoliation material (XFM) forms.ConclusionMeeting participants concluded that it is unclear how the mild homocysteinemia seen inXFSmight contribute to the disarrayed extracellular aggregates characteristic of this syndrome. Lysyl oxidase‐like 1 (LOXL1) variants are unequivocally genetic risk factors forXFSbut exactly how these variants contribute to the assembly of exfoliation material (XFM) remains unclear. Variants in a new genomic region,CACNA1Aassociated withXFS, may alter calcium concentrations at the cell surface and facilitateXFMformation but much more work is needed before we can place this new finding in proper context. It is hoped that various animal model andex vivosystems will emerge that will allow for proper assembly of the puzzle pieces into a coherent picture ofXFSpathogenesis. A clear understanding ofXFSpathogenesis may lead to ‘upstream solutions’ to reduce the ocular morbidity produced byXFS.
Assessing epistemic sophistication by considering domain‐specific absolute and multiplicistic beliefs separately
Authors: Peter Johannes , Rosman Tom , Mayer Anne‐Kathrin , Leichner Nikolas , Krampen Günter 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundParticularly in higher education, not only a view of science as a means of finding absolute truths (absolutism), but also a view of science as generally tentative (multiplicism) can be unsophisticated and obstructive for learning. Most quantitative epistemic belief inventories neglect this and understand epistemic sophistication as disagreement with absolute statements.AimsThis article suggests considering absolutism and multiplicism as separate dimensions. Following our understanding of epistemic sophistication as a cautious and reluctant endorsement of both positions, we assume evaluativism (a contextually adaptive view of knowledge as personally constructed and evidence‐based) to be reflected by low agreement with both generalized absolute and generalized multiplicistic statements.SamplesThree studies with a total sample size of N = 416 psychology students were conducted.MethodsA domain‐specific inventory containing both absolute and multiplicistic statements was developed. Expectations were tested by exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlational analyses.ResultsResults revealed a two‐factor solution with an absolute and a multiplicistic factor. Criterion validity of both factors was confirmed. Cross‐sectional analyses revealed that agreement to generalized multiplicistic statements decreases with study progress. Moreover, consistent with our understanding of epistemic sophistication as a reluctant attitude towards generalized epistemic statements, evidence for a negative relationship between epistemic sophistication and need for cognitive closure was found.ConclusionsWe recommend including multiplicistic statements into epistemic belief questionnaires and considering them as a separate dimension, especially when investigating individuals in later stages of epistemic development (i.e., in higher education).
Kids just wanna have fun: Children's experiences of a weight management programme
Authors: Watson Libby A. , Baker Martyn C. , Chadwick Paul M. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTo explore children's accounts of their experiences of the UK‘s largest childhood obesity programme, MEND (Mind, Exercise, Nutrition…Do it!) (See www.mendprogramme.org).DesignSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with children who had completed the MEND obesity programme. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).MethodFourteen children spanning diverse areas of London comprised this study (eight male, six female), aged between 11 and 14 years and in secondary school. Participants were interviewed a year after completing one of the London‐based MEND obesity programmes.ResultsThis article focuses on the most common and striking theme to emerge from the original dataset (The complete analysis may be found in L. Watson, Unpublished doctoral thesis): Fun. Subthemes were: ‘going with the flow’; active participation in activities that led to new experiences (‘actually doing it’ – seeing the fun side); the importance of others in the experience of fun (‘you do games in unity’ – ‘it's not as fun on your own’).ConclusionChildren have fun when engaged in interactive and varied activities with opportunity for individual feedback and improvement. When designing childhood obesity programmes, conditions that optimise children's experience of fun should be emphasised over didactic and risk‐heavy information pertaining to childhood obesity.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Continued growth in childhood obesity and its associated health problems, psychological effects, and economic burden make tackling childhood obesity a public health priority.

Multicomponent lifestyle interventions to treat childhood obesity within the community have been shown to reduce overweight and obesity from pre‐ to post‐treatment, increase self‐esteem, and are found to be acceptable by parents.

MEND is the most widely disseminated evidence‐based programme of this kind in the United Kingdom.

What does this study add?

This study is the first qualitative study to explore the child's experience of attending MEND.

The post‐treatment maintenance period, where most behaviour change is consolidated (or not), is also captured in this study, with children interviewed at least 1 year post‐treatment.

Findings unearthed an unexpected and strong theme – that of ‘fun’ – integral to their experience during their time at MEND. Optimizing conditions for fun is imperative to children's (and adults’?) engagement with, and maintenance of, healthy lifestyle activities.
Different Executive Functions Support Different Kinds of Cognitive Flexibility: Evidence From 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐Year‐Olds
Authors: Blakey Emma , Visser Ingmar , Carroll Daniel J. 
Published: December 2015

Improvements in cognitive flexibility during the preschool years have been linked to developments in both working memory and inhibitory control, though the precise contribution of each remains unclear. In the current study, one hundred and twenty 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐year‐olds completed two rule‐switching tasks. In one version, children switched rules in the presence of conflicting information, and in the other version, children switched rules in the presence of distracting information. Switching in the presence of conflict improved rapidly between the ages of 3 and 3.5 years, and was associated with better working memory. Conversely, switching in the presence of distraction developed significantly between the ages of 2 and 3 years, and was associated with better inhibitory control.
Obesity services: how best to develop a coherent way forward
Authors: Barth Julian H. , O'Kane Mary 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObesity now affects 25% of the UK population. This volume of patients cannot be managed by current NHS services. It really needs a public health approach which encourages an environment where it is easier for the public to take healthy rather than unhealthy actions. However, there remain substantial numbers of patients who will benefit from medical intervention. This needs a joined‐up service which extends from a healthy environment, linking gyms, weight loss groups, community cooking lessons, etc. with pathways connecting primary and secondary healthcare. To date, the National Health Service has not managed to develop a coherent policy that addresses obesity as a major cause of health and social care expenditure. The most important step in primary care is probably to identify the presence of obesity. The medical steps should be in the identification and management of comorbidities. The purpose of treating obesity is not weight loss alone but improving health, so the narrative needs to change from weight to blood pressure, glucose tolerance, physical fitness, etc. Many physicians believe that weight loss is an unwinnable battle but there are several well conducted studies in which primary care, supported by specialists, can deliver successful clinical weight loss. Specialist medical and surgical care for obesity will be required for complex cases and is essential for overseeing long‐term postsurgical follow‐up to prevent and treat nutritional and metabolic complications. Obesity management suffers from a lack of coherent national public health policies, fragmentation of care and a lack of knowledge of what successful treatment entails. Health benefits do not require a return to a healthy BMI.