bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Sleep Quality, Anxiety, and Depressed Mood in RN-BSN Students With Sleep Disturbance
Authors: Chueh Ke-Hsin , Chang Chia-Chuan , Yeh Mei-Ling 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Students in 2-year registered nurse to Bachelor of Science in nursing (RN-BSN) programs usually work full-time and study part-time. Sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression are known to be common health problems among these students.Prior research has described the effectiveness of auricular acupressure (AA) in reducing sleep disturbance and improving mood.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using a 4-week AA program that adheres to a magnetic pellet on the shenmen acupoint on sleep quality, anxiousness, and depressed moods in nursing students with sleep disturbance.

Methods:
This study used a one-group, quasi-experimental design with repeated measures. Eligible students were recruited from an RN-BSN program offered by a university in northern Taiwan, and all were currently experiencing sleep disturbance. A 4-week AA intervention that applied a magnetic pellet on the shenmen acupoint was used. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory-II were used to measure sleep quality and mood outcomes each week during the 4-week intervention. Improvements in sleep quality, anxiety, and depressed moods were analyzed using the generalized estimating equation.

Results:
Thirty-six participants with a mean age of 32 years were enrolled as participants. After adjusting for confounding factors, continuous and significant improvements in sleep quality, anxiety, and depressed mood (p < .05) were observed throughout the intervention, with 4-week improvements in sleep quality, anxiety, and depressed mood averaging 26.7%, 43.5%, and 25%, respectively.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
This study showed the efficacy of using a 4-week AA that applies a magnetic pellet on the shenmen acupoint in terms of improving sleep quality, anxiousness, and depressed mood in RN-BSN students experiencing sleep disturbances. Especially, the emotional mood of participants improved significantly as early as the first week. The 4-week AA for reducing sleep disturbance, and improving students’ anxiety, and depressed moods may be applied on primary healthcare.
Nonaccidental Trauma and the Pediatric Surgical Patient
Authors: Gooding Christina 
Published: June 2017

Introduction
Nonaccidental trauma is a leading cause of death and injury during childhood. In some cases, patients who experience child maltreatment and neglect may present to medical and surgical teams with different types of traumatic injuries. It is important that medical teams be diligent in recognizing signs of nonaccidental trauma in pediatric surgical patients.

Purpose
The aims of this study were to identify risk factors and other red flags of nonaccidental trauma and discuss different presentations of nonaccidental trauma in a pediatric surgical patient including burns, head trauma, occult abdominal trauma, and fractures. Additional discussion will include the appropriate diagnostic evaluation and reporting of suspected nonaccidental trauma.

Discussion
Nonaccidental trauma occurs in all types of healthcare settings. For the medical and surgical teams, it is important to maintain diligence when caring for pediatric surgical patients. In cases where nonaccidental trauma is suspected, appropriate workup and report should be completed in a timely manner and before considering the patient’s discharge from the hospital.
Constructing a Measure of Private-pay Nursing Home Days
Authors: Thomas Kali S. , Silver Benjamin , Gozalo Pedro L. , Dosa David , Grabowski David C. , Makineni Rajesh , Mor Vincent 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Nursing home (NH) care is financed through multiple sources. Although Medicaid is the predominant payer for NH care, over 20% of residents pay out-of-pocket for their care. Despite this large percentage, an accepted measure of private-pay NH occupancy has not been established and little is known about the types of facilities and the long-term care markets that cater to this population.

Objectives:
To describe 2 novel measures of private-pay utilization in the NH setting, including the proportion of privately financed residents and resident days, and examine their construct validity.

Design:
Retrospective descriptive analysis of US NHs in 2007–2009.

Measures:
We used Medicare claims, Medicare Enrollment records, and the Minimum Data Set to create measures of private-pay resident prevalence and proportion of privately financed NH days. We compared our estimates of private-pay utilization to payer data collected in the NH annual certification survey and evaluated the relationships of our measures with facility characteristics.

Results:
Our measures of private-pay resident prevalence and private-pay days are highly correlated (r=0.83, P<0.001 and r=0.83, P<0.001, respectively) with the rate of “other payer” reported in the annual certification survey. We also observed a significantly higher proportion of private-pay residents and days in higher quality facilities.

Conclusions:
This new methodology provides estimates of private-pay resident prevalence and resident days. These measures were correlated with estimates using other data sources and validated against measures of facility quality. These data set the stage for additional work to examine questions related to NH payment, quality of care, and responses to changes in the long-term care market.
Pancreatic stellate cells: what's new?
Authors: Pang Tony C.Y. , Wilson Jeremy S. , Apte Minoti V. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play an integral role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. With the developing knowledge of this important cell type, we are at the cusp of developing effective therapies for the above diseases based upon targeting the PSC and modulating its function.

Recent findings
The major themes of the recent PSC literature include: PSC interactions with the extracellular matrix and other stromal components; intracellular calcium physiology as drivers of mechanical interactions and necrosis; the relationship between proinflammatory, protumoural, angiogenic, and metabolic pathways in pancreatic necrosis, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis; and targeting of the stroma for antitumoural and antifibrotic effects.

Summary
Traditionally, there have been few treatment options for pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. The elucidation of the wide-ranging functions of PSCs provide an opportunity for treatments based on stromal reprogramming.
Why We Need to Enhance Suicide Postvention
Authors: Erlich Matthew D. , Rolin Stephanie A. , Dixon Lisa B. , Adler David A. , Oslin David W. , Levine Bruce , Berlant Jeffrey L. , Goldman Beth , Koh Steve , First Michael B. , Pabbati Chaitanya , Siris Samuel G. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Suicide prevention efforts are increasing to enhance capabilities and better understand risk factors and etiologies. Postvention, or how clinicians manage the postsuicide aftermath, strengthens suicide prevention, destigmatizes the tragedy, operationalizes the confusing aftermath, and promotes caregiver recovery. However, studies regarding its efficacy are minimal. The Psychopathology Committee of the Group for the Advancement for Psychiatry surveyed a convenience sample of psychiatrists to better understand postvention activities. Ninety psychiatrists completed the survey; they were predominantly men (72%) with an average of 24.6 years of experience (SD, 16.7 years). Most had contact with the patient's family within 6 months of the suicide, and most psychiatrists sought some form of support. Few psychiatrists used a suicide postvention procedure or toolkit (9%). No psychiatrists stopped clinical practice after a patient suicide, although 10% stopped accepting patients they deemed at risk of suicide. Postvention efforts, therefore, should be improved to better address survivor care.
Seizures After Pediatric Vilazodone Ingestion
Authors: Del Pizzo Jeannine , Fernandez Elon K. , Kopec Kathryn T. , Wenger Jesse , Noyes Erin M. , Salzman Matthew , Henretig Fred M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Vilazodone hydrochloride is the first member in a new class of antidepressants called indolealkylamines and was approved for use in the United States in 2011 for major depressive disorder. It has a combined mechanism of action of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and a partial agonist of serotonin 5-HT1A receptors. It has not been approved for use in the pediatric population, and toxicity from exploratory vilazodone ingestion has been rarely described to date. We describe 2 children with laboratory-confirmed vilazodone ingestions that led to significant toxicity including refractory status epilepticus in 1 patient and likely transient seizure activity in the other. Both patients required multiple doses of benzodiazepines; in the more severe case, barbiturates were added to control seizure activity. These children returned to baseline and had no prolonged neurologic complications. Pediatric experience with vilazodone is limited; however, the literature demonstrates 3 additional case reports of children experiencing seizure after vilazodone ingestion. With the 2 new cases presented here, it seems prudent to educate prescribers and families of the potential dangers of ingestion of vilazodone tablets by young children.
“It's Not a Tumor”
Authors: Augenstein Julie A. , Chapman Teresa , McNeil Michael J. , Lo Mark D. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Cerebral developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are benign anatomical variants of the venous system and are commonly described as an incidental finding without clinical significance. Neurologic symptoms or abnormal examination findings are rare and usually attributed to hemorrhagic complications related to coexisting cavernous malformations. There have been limited case reports of symptomatic, uncomplicated DVAs described in the literature. The following case describes a previously healthy child who presented to the emergency department with an acute onset of altered mental status, headache, and focal neurologic examination abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a prominent cerebellar DVA. There was no evidence of a cavernous angioma, hemorrhage, or acute parenchymal injury. This case report illustrates a clinically symptomatic, uncomplicated posterior fossa DVA. It provides additional evidence regarding the potential for a cerebral venous malformation in causing focal neurologic deficits.
Huge Hepatic Fungal Inflammatory Pseudotumor Misdiagnosed as Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Xian Meng Fei , Lan Wen Tong , Huang Hui , Zeng Dan , Xu Zuo Feng 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Fungal inflammatory pseudotumor (FIPT) of the liver is a rare disease that may be mistaken for a malignant tumor. It is difficult to diagnose because of its nonspecific clinical and imaging features. We report the case of a 46-year-old Asian man who presented with a mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The patient had undergone transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy at another institution 6 months earlier, but the mass had continued to enlarge. He had no history of chronic hepatitis B, and the serum α-fetoprotein was negative. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and computed tomography images were suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, ultrasound-guided biopsy revealed features of chronic inflammation. The mass was resected and found to be an FIPT. We discuss the details of the case and review related articles.
Current management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: evolving new therapies
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Kapoor Anil 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
Targeted therapies have recently replaced cytokine treatments as the gold standard for management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Currently approved treatments include the tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib, pazopanib, axitinib, sorafenib, cabozantinib and lenvatinib; the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor bevacizumab; the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors everolimus and temsirolimus; and the immunologic nivolumab. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated analysis of the clinical data supporting the use of these agents in the first-line and second-line setting.

Recent findings
In the first-line setting, pazopanib may be better tolerated than sunitinib, an individualized dosing sunitinib regimen based on toxicity might improve survival and cabozantinib appears to be an emerging option. In the second-line setting, three new therapies (cabozantinib, lenvatinib/everolimus and nivolumab) have shown superiority against everolimus, the previous standard therapy. The International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium prognostic model may be useful in guiding the selection of subsequent therapy and patients eligible for metastasectomy.

Summary
Targeted therapies are the standard treatment for mRCC. Despite advancements in survival, progression-free survival and tolerability, these targeted therapies remain largely noncurative. Further characterization of the RCC oncogenic pathway, and the ongoing clinical trials should help optimize the management of mRCC.
Optimal timing for repair of peripheral nerve injuries
Authors: Wang Eugene , Inaba Kenji , Byerly Saskya , Escamilla Diandra , Cho Jayun , Carey Joseph , Stevanovic Milan , Ghiassi Alidad , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND
Data regarding outcomes after peripheral nerve injuries is limited, and the optimal management strategy for an acute injury is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine timing of repair and specific factors that impact motor-sensory outcomes after peripheral nerve injury.

METHODS
This was a single-center, retrospective study. Patients with traumatic peripheral nerve injury from January 2010 to June 2015 were included. Patients who died, required amputation, suffered brachial plexus injury, or had missing motor-sensory examinations were excluded. Motor-sensory examinations were graded 0 to 5 by the Modified British Medical Research Council system. Operative repair of peripheral nerves was analyzed for patient characteristics, anatomic nerve injured, level of injury, associated injuries, days until repair, and repair method.

RESULTS
Three hundred eleven patients met inclusion criteria. Two hundred fifty-eight (83%) patients underwent operative management, and 53 (17%) underwent nonoperative management. Those who required operative intervention had significantly more penetrating injuries 85.7% versus 64.2% (p < 0.001), worse initial motor scores 1.19 versus 2.23 (p = 0.004), and worse initial sensory examination scores 1.75 versus 2.28 (p = 0.029). Predictors of improved operative motor outcomes on univariate analysis were Injury Severity Score less than 15 (p = 0.013) and male sex (p = 0.006). Upper arm level of injury was a predictor of poor outcome (p = 0.041). Multivariate analysis confirmed male sex as a predictor of good motor outcome (p = 0.014; Adjusted Odds Ratio, 3.88 [1.28–11.80]). Univariate analysis identified distal forearm level of injury (p = 0.026) and autograft repair (p = 0.048) as predictors of poor sensory outcome. Damage control surgery for unstable patients undergoing laparotomy (p = 0.257) and days to nerve repair (p = 0.834) did not influence motor-sensory outcome. Outcomes did not differ significantly in patients who underwent repair 24 hours or longer versus those who were repaired later.

CONCLUSION
Outcomes were primarily influenced by patient characteristics and injury level rather than operative characteristics. Peripheral nerve injuries can be repaired after damage control surgery without detriment to outcomes.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic study, level III.
Mammalian genomic regulatory regions predicted by utilizing human genomics, transcriptomics and epigenetics data
Authors: Nguyen Quan H. , Tellam Ross L. , Naval-Sanchez Marina , Porto-Neto Laercio R. , Barendse William , Reverter Antonio , Hayes Benjamin , Kijas James , Dalrymple Brian P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGenome sequences for hundreds of mammalian species are available, but an understanding of their genomic regulatory regions, which control gene expression, is only beginning. A comprehensive prediction of potential active regulatory regions is necessary to functionally study the roles of the majority of genomic variants in evolution, domestication, and animal production. We developed a computational method to predict regulatory DNA sequences (promoters, enhancers and transcription factor binding sites) in production animals (cows and pigs) and extended its broad applicability to other mammals. The method utilizes human regulatory features identified from thousands of tissues, cell lines, and experimental assays to find homologous regions that are conserved in sequences and genome organization and are enriched for regulatory elements in the genome sequences of other mammalian species. Importantly, we developed a filtering strategy, including a machine learning classification method, to utilize a very small number of species-specific experimental datasets available to select for the likely active regulatory regions. The method finds the optimal combination of sensitivity and accuracy to unbiasedly predict regulatory regions in mammalian species. Furthermore, we demonstrated the utility of the predicted regulatory datasets in cattle for prioritizing variants associated with multiple production and climate change adaptation traits, and identifying potential genome editing targets.
A cell-free platform for rapid synthesis and testing of active oligosaccharyltransferases
Authors: Schoborg Jennifer A. , Hershewe Jasmine , Stark Jessica C. , Kightlinger Weston , Kath James E. , Jaroentomeechai Thapakorn , Natarajan Aravind , DeLisa Matthew P. , Jewett Michael C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractProtein glycosylation, or the attachment of sugar moieties (glycans) to proteins, is important for protein stability, activity, and immunogenicity. However, understanding the roles and regulations of site-specific glycosylation events remains a significant challenge due to several technological limitations. These limitations include a lack of available tools for biochemical characterization of enzymes involved in glycosylation. A particular challenge is the synthesis of oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs), which catalyze the attachment of glycans to specific amino acid residues in target proteins. The difficulty arises from the fact that canonical OSTs are large (>70 kDa) and possess multiple transmembrane helices, making them difficult to overexpress in living cells. Here, we address this challenge by establishing a bacterial cell-free protein synthesis platform that enables rapid production of a variety of OSTs in their active conformations. Specifically, by using lipid nanodiscs as cellular membrane mimics, we obtained yields of up to 440 µg/mL for the single-subunit OST enzyme, ‘Protein glycosylation B’ (PglB) fromCampylobacter jejuni, as well as for three additional PglB homologs fromCampylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari, andDesulfovibrio gigas. Importantly, all of these enzymes catalyzedN-glycosylation reactionsin vitrowith no purification or processing needed. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of cell-free synthesized OSTs to glycosylate multiple target proteins with varyingN-glycosylation acceptor sequons. We anticipate that this broadly applicable production method will advance glycoengineering efforts by enabling preparative expression of membrane-embedded OSTs from all kingdoms of life.
Ancient genomes from southern Africa pushes modern human divergence beyond 260,000 years ago
Authors: Schlebusch Carina M. , Malmström Helena , Günther Torsten , Sjödin Per , Coutinho Alexandra , Edlund Hanna , Munters Arielle R. , Steyn Maryna , Soodyall Himla , Lombard Marlize , Jakobsson Mattias 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTSouthern Africa is consistently placed as one of the potential regions for the evolution ofHomo sapiens. To examine the region’s human prehistory prior to the arrival of migrants from East and West Africa or Eurasia in the last 1,700 years, we generated and analyzed genome sequence data from seven ancient individuals from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Three Stone Age hunter-gatherers date to ~2,000 years ago, and we show that they were related to current-day southern San groups such as the Karretjie People. Four Iron Age farmers (300–500 years old) have genetic signatures similar to present day Bantu-speakers. The genome sequence (13x coverage) of a juvenile boy from Ballito Bay, who lived ~2,000 years ago, demonstrates that southern African Stone Age hunter-gatherers were not impacted by recent admixture; however, we estimate that all modern-day Khoekhoe and San groups have been influenced by 9–22% genetic admixture from East African/Eurasian pastoralist groups arriving >1,000 years ago, including the Ju|‘hoansi San, previously thought to have very low levels of admixture. Using traditional and new approaches, we estimate the population divergence time between the Ballito Bay boy and other groups to beyond 260,000 years ago. These estimates dramatically increases the deepest divergence amongst modern humans, coincide with the onset of the Middle Stone Age in sub-Saharan Africa, and coincide with anatomical developments of archaic humans into modern humans as represented in the local fossil record. Cumulatively, cross-disciplinary records increasingly point to southern Africa as a potential (not necessarily exclusive) ‘hot spot’ for the evolution of our species.
The Effects of Central Nervous System Stimulants onDrosophila melanogasterReproduction
Authors: Blake McMahon A.S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStimulant drugs are used everyday by people around the world. The effect stimulants have on developing human fetuses is widely unknown. The fruit flyDrosophila melanogasterhas become a valuable system to model the complex effects and properties of drugs in mammals. In this study,Drosophilais used to analyze the effects of stimulant exposure on reproduction to determine if stimulants cause a significant decrease in the number of offspring produced by parent generations. Caffeine, nicotine, and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride were found to significantly decrease the number of offspring in experimental populations. Further experimentation is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying these results.
Construction of an exome-wide risk score for schizophrenia based on a weighted burden test
Authors: Curtis David 
Published: June 2017

SummaryPolygenic risk scores obtained as a weighted sum of associated variants can be used to explore association in additional data sets and to assign risk scores to individuals. The methods used to derive polygenic risk scores from common SNPs are not suitable for variants detected in whole exome sequencing studies. Rare variants which may have major effects are seen too infrequently to judge whether they are associated and may not be shared between training and test subjects. A method is proposed whereby variants are weighted according to their frequency, their annotations and to the genes they affect. A weighted sum across all variants provides an individual risk score. Scores constructed in this way are used in a weighted burden test and are shown to be significantly different between schizophrenia cases and controls using a five-way cross validation procedure. This approach represents a first attempt to summarise exome sequence variation into a summary risk score, which could be combined with risk scores from common variants and from environmental factors. It is hoped that the method could be developed further.