bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benign meningioma with complete erosion of the skull in a 38-year-old Ghanaian woman
Authors: Der E.M. , Mikdad R. , Leuri B.J. , Adam A. 
Published: June 2017

Meningioma is common intracranial benign tumour, but may be diagnosed only at autopsy in developing countries. We present a 38-year-old woman with progressively worsening headache of 7 years duration, who had sudden onset of inability to walk, vomiting and loss of consciousness. She died shortly on admission at the Tamale Teaching Hospital emergency unit. Autopsy conducted found an encapsulated left cerebral hemisphere convexity tumour that had eroded the skull with extension onto the scalp as a swelling. Histological examination confined the tumour to WHO grade I, meningioma.
A eliminação das diferenças entre os sexos: uma leitura psicanalítica
Authors: De Lima Nádia Laguárdia , Dos Santos Adilson Pereira , Rezende Alice Oliveira , Melo Carolina Marra , Cerqueira Fabiana , De Araújo Ronaldo Sales 
Published: June 2017

<p>Este artigo apresenta o resultado parcial de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo pesquisar as noções de feminilidade construídas pelas adolescentes na atualidade. Ele parte da hipótese de que o crescimento de grupos de adolescentes que se nomeiam bissexuais nas redes sociais da internet é resultado da ideologia atual de eliminação das diferenças entre os sexos. Utilizando o referencial teórico da psicanálise, consideramos essa ideologia de igualdade como um efeito do discurso capitalista, que visa escamotear a castração. O declínio das diferenças entre os sexos coloca o adolescente com maiores dificuldades para situar-se como homem ou mulher no campo das identificações. Para além das várias máscaras identificatórias que buscam definir os gêneros sexuais, a psicanálise sustenta a existência de uma diferença irredutível entre os sexos, que aponta para a impossibilidade da relação sexual. </p>
Barriers to HIV remission research in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Rossouw Theresa , Tucker Joseph D. , van Zyl Gert U. , Sikwesi Kenly , Godfrey Catherine 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroduction: HIV eradication and remission research has largely taken place in high‐income countries. In low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), there may be factors that have a substantial impact on the size of the latent HIV reservoir and the immunological response to infection. If a curative strategy is to be available to all HIV‐infected individuals, these factors must be understood.Methods: We use a scoping review to examine the literature on biological factors that may have an impact on HIV persistence in LMIC. Three databases were searched without date restrictions.Results: Uncontrolled viral replication and higher coinfection prevalence may alter the immunological milieu of individuals in LMIC and increase the size of the HIV reservoir. Differences in HIV subtype could also influence the measurement and size of the HIV reservoir. Immune activation may differ due to late presentation to care, presence of chronic infections, increased gut translocation of bacterial products and poor nutrition.Conclusions: Research on HIV remission is urgently needed in LMIC. Research into chronic immune activation in resource poor environments, the immune response to infection, the mechanisms of HIV persistence and latency in different viral clades and the effect of the microbiological milieu must be performed. Geographic differences, which may be substantial and may delay access to curative strategies, should be identified.
Semidiurnal internal tide incoherence in the equatorial Pacific
Authors: Buijsman Maarten C. , Arbic Brian K. , Richman James G. , Shriver Jay F. , Wallcraft Alan J. , Zamudio Luis 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe jets in the equatorial Pacific Ocean of a realistically forced global circulation model with a horizontal resolution of
cause a strong loss of phase coherence in semidiurnal internal tides that propagate equatorward from the French Polynesian Islands and Hawaii. This loss of coherence is quantified with a baroclinic energy analysis, in which the semidiurnal‐band terms are separated into coherent, incoherent, and cross terms. For time scales longer than a year, the coherent energy flux approaches zero values at the equator, while the total flux is ∼500 W/m. The time variability of the incoherent energy flux is compared with the internal‐tide travel‐time variability, which is based on along‐beam integrated phase speeds computed with the Taylor‐Goldstein equation. The variability of monthly mean Taylor‐Goldstein phase speeds agrees well with the phase speed variability inferred from steric sea surface height phases extracted with a plane‐wave fit technique. On monthly time scales, the loss of phase coherence in the equatorward beams from the French Polynesian Islands is attributed to the time variability in the vertically sheared background flow associated with the jets and tropical instability waves. On an annual time scale, the effect of stratification variability is of equal or greater importance than the shear variability is to the loss of coherence. In the model simulations, low‐frequency equatorial jets do not noticeably enhance the dissipation of the internal tide, but merely decohere and scatter it.
Importance of ocean mesoscale variability for air‐sea interactions in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Putrasahan D. A. , Kamenkovich I. , Le Hénaff M. , Kirtman B. P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMesoscale variability of currents in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) can affect oceanic heat advection and air‐sea heat exchanges, which can influence climate extremes over North America. This study is aimed at understanding the influence of the oceanic mesoscale variability on the lower atmosphere and air‐sea heat exchanges. The study contrasts global climate model (GCM) with 0.1° ocean resolution (high resolution; HR) with its low‐resolution counterpart (1° ocean resolution with the same 0.5° atmosphere resolution; LR). The LR simulation is relevant to current generation of GCMs that are still unable to resolve the oceanic mesoscale. Similar to observations, HR exhibits positive correlation between sea surface temperature (SST) and surface turbulent heat flux anomalies, while LR has negative correlation. For HR, we decompose lateral advective heat fluxes in the upper ocean into mean (slowly varying) and mesoscale‐eddy (fast fluctuations) components. We find that the eddy flux divergence/convergence dominates the lateral advection and correlates well with the SST anomalies and air‐sea latent heat exchanges. This result suggests that oceanic mesoscale advection supports warm SST anomalies that in turn feed surface heat flux. We identify anticyclonic warm‐core circulation patterns (associated Loop Current and rings) which have an average diameter of ~350 km. These warm anomalies are sustained by eddy heat flux convergence at submonthly time scales and have an identifiable imprint on surface turbulent heat flux, atmospheric circulation, and convective precipitation in the northwest portion of an averaged anticyclone.
Observational evidence for the vertical redistribution and scavenging of Saharan dust by tropical cyclones
Authors: Sauter Kathryn , L'Ecuyer Tristan S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe influence of the passage of organized tropical convection on the Saharan dust layer is quantified through a novel coupling of aerosol vertical structure from the polar orbiting Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations satellite to high temporal resolution storm tracks from the geostationary Pathfinder Atmospheres Extended cloud product. Three case studies corresponding to tropical storms Debby, Melissa, and Josephine in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively, present direct evidence that organized tropical convection consistently redistributes dust vertically in the atmosphere while simultaneously removing a significant fraction via wet scavenging. The evolution of the Saharan dust layer with passage of each storm suggests that convection deposits (1.6% ± 0.7%) of the dust mass in a layer between 8 km and 12 km and reduces downstream dust aerosol optical depths by an average of 80% ± 14% relative to before the storm overpass, far more than could be explained by dry deposition alone.
Evaluation of satellite and reanalysis‐based global net surface energy flux and uncertainty estimates
Authors: Liu Chunlei , Allan Richard P. , Mayer Michael , Hyder Patrick , Loeb Norman G. , Roberts Chris D. , Valdivieso Maria , Edwards John M. , Vidale Pier‐Luigi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe net surface energy flux is central to the climate system yet observational limitations lead to substantial uncertainty. A combination of satellite‐derived radiative fluxes at the top of atmosphere adjusted using the latest estimation of the net heat uptake of the Earth system, and the atmospheric energy tendencies and transports from the ERA‐Interim reanalysis are used to estimate surface energy flux globally. To consider snowmelt and improve regional realism, land surface fluxes are adjusted through a simple energy balance approach at each grid point. This energy adjustment is redistributed over the oceans to ensure energy conservation and maintain realistic global ocean heat uptake, using a weighting function to avoid meridional discontinuities. Calculated surface energy fluxes are evaluated through comparison to ocean reanalyses. Derived turbulent energy flux variability is compared with the Objectively Analyzed air‐sea Fluxes (OAFLUX) product, and inferred meridional energy transports in the global ocean and the Atlantic are also evaluated using observations. Uncertainties in surface fluxes are investigated using a variety of approaches including comparison with a range of atmospheric reanalysis products. Decadal changes in the global mean and the interhemispheric energy imbalances are quantified, and present day cross‐equator heat transports are reevaluated at 0.22 ± 0.15 PW (petawatts) southward by the atmosphere and 0.32 ± 0.16 PW northward by the ocean considering the observed ocean heat sinks.
Modeling meander morphodynamics over self‐formed heterogeneous floodplains
Authors: Bogoni Manuel , Putti Mario , Lanzoni Stefano 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis work addresses the signatures embedded in the planform geometry of meandering rivers consequent to the formation of floodplain heterogeneities as the river bends migrate. Two geomorphic features are specifically considered: scroll bars produced by lateral accretion of point bars at convex banks and oxbow lake fills consequent to neck cutoffs. The sedimentary architecture of these geomorphic units depends on the type and amount of sediment, and controls bank erodibility as the river impinges on them, favoring or contrasting the river migration. The geometry of numerically generated planforms obtained for different scenarios of floodplain heterogeneity is compared to that of natural meandering paths. Half meander metrics and spatial distribution of channel curvatures are used to disclose the complexity embedded in meandering geometry. Fourier Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Singular Spectrum Analysis and Multivariate Singular Spectrum Analysis are used to emphasize the subtle but crucial differences which may emerge between apparently similar configurations. A closer similarity between observed and simulated planforms is attained when fully coupling flow and sediment dynamics (fully‐coupled models) and when considering self‐formed heterogeneities that are less erodible than the surrounding floodplain.
Feasibility study of ultrasound imaging for stereotactic body radiation therapy with active breathing coordinator in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Su Lin , Iordachita Iulian , Zhang Yin , Lee Junghoon , Ng Sook Kien , Jackson Juan , Hooker Ted , Wong John , Herman Joseph M. , Sen H. Tutkun , Kazanzides Peter , Lediju Bell Muyinatu A. , Yang Chen , Ding Kai 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) allows for high radiation doses to be delivered to the pancreatic tumors with limited toxicity. Nevertheless, the respiratory motion of the pancreas introduces major uncertainty during SBRT. Ultrasound imaging is a non‐ionizing, non‐invasive, and real‐time technique for intrafraction monitoring. A configuration is not available to place the ultrasound probe during pancreas SBRT for monitoring.Methods and MaterialsAn arm‐bridge system was designed and built. A CT scan of the bridge‐held ultrasound probe was acquired and fused to ten previously treated pancreatic SBRT patient CTs as virtual simulation CTs. Both step‐and‐shoot intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning were performed on virtual simulation CT. The accuracy of our tracking algorithm was evaluated by programmed motion phantom with simulated breath‐hold 3D movement. An IRB‐approved volunteer study was also performed to evaluate feasibility of system setup. Three healthy subjects underwent the same patient setup required for pancreas SBRT with active breath control (ABC). 4D ultrasound images were acquired for monitoring. Ten breath‐hold cycles were monitored for both phantom and volunteers. For the phantom study, the target motion tracked by ultrasound was compared with motion tracked by the infrared camera. For the volunteer study, the reproducibility of ABC breath‐hold was assessed.ResultsThe volunteer study results showed that the arm‐bridge system allows placement of an ultrasound probe. The ultrasound monitoring showed less than 2 mm reproducibility of ABC breath‐hold in healthy volunteers. The phantom monitoring accuracy is 0.14 ± 0.08 mm, 0.04 ± 0.1 mm, and 0.25 ± 0.09 mm in three directions. On dosimetry part, 100% of virtual simulation plans passed protocol criteria.ConclusionsOur ultrasound system can be potentially used for real‐time monitoring during pancreas SBRT without compromising planning quality. The phantom study showed high monitoring accuracy of the system, and the volunteer study showed feasibility of the clinical workflow.
Can Patient Navigators Improve Adherence to Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs? Quantitative Findings From a Six‐Month Single‐Arm Pilot Intervention
Authors: Feldman Candace H. , Wohlfahrt Alyssa , Campos Anarosa , Gagne Joshua J. , Iversen Maura D. , Massarotti Elena , Solomon Daniel H. , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveNonadherence to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is common, worsens during the treatment course, and results in adverse outcomes. We studied whether patient navigators (laypersons trained in care coordination, motivational interviewing, basic pharmacology, and disease management) improved oral DMARD adherence.MethodsWe enrolled 107 patients ages ≥18 years with systemic rheumatic diseases who initiated an oral DMARD within 6 months. Navigators interacted with patients up to 2–4 times per week for 6 months. Patients completed validated surveys (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale [MMAS‐8], Mental Health Inventory [MHI‐5], Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire) at baseline and at 6 months. We used paired t‐tests to compare baseline and 6‐month outcomes. We examined the association of age, race/ethnicity, insurance, and MHI‐5 with change in MMAS‐8 score using multivariable linear regression.ResultsAmong 107 patients enrolled, 69 (64%) completed baseline and 6‐month MMAS‐8 surveys. Mean ± SD age was 55 ± 16 years and 93% were female. The mean ± SD baseline MMAS‐8 score was 6.7 ± 1.3 (indicating borderline adherence), and the mean ± SD MHI‐5 score was 60.8 ± 9.1 (<68 suggests any depressive symptoms). After 6 months, there were no significant changes in MMAS‐8 (P = 0.09) or MHI‐5 (P = 0.83). Patients described fewer medication concerns (P = 0.03), but a more threatening perception of illness (P = 0.01). Our multivariable model demonstrated a small change in MMAS‐8 for each 5‐year increase in age (β = 0.14, P = 0.02).ConclusionOur intervention resulted in no significant change in adherence from baseline. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial is needed to determine whether patient navigators are effective in maintaining adherence to DMARDs over time.
Applying a Social Justice Lens to Youth Mentoring: A Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Practice
Authors: Albright Jamie N. , Hurd Noelle M. , Hussain Saida B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractYouth mentoring interventions are often designed with the intention of promoting improved outcomes among marginalized youth. Despite their promise to reduce inequality through the provision of novel opportunities and increased social capital to marginalized youth, youth mentoring interventions hold the potential to reproduce rather than reduce inequality. In the current review, we explore literature on youth mentoring that has incorporated a social justice lens. We conclude that there is a need for greater attention to principles of social justice in the design, implementation, and evaluation of youth mentoring interventions. After reviewing the literature, we make recommendations for research and practice based on a social justice perspective and explore alternatives to traditional youth mentoring that may allow for better alignment with social justice principles.
Regioselective C3 Functionalizations of 9H‐Carbazoles via C(sp2)−H Insertions of RhII Carbenoids
Authors: Samala Srinivas , Shin Jinhwan , Shim Jae Yul , Yoo Eun Jeong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA series of 9H‐carbazoles were synthesized via a direct regioselective C3 functionalization through C(sp2)−H insertion of α‐imino rhodium(II) carbenoids generated in situ from 1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles. A variety of 1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles underwent this reaction in the presence of a rhodium(II) catalyst, and a mechanism was proposed. Further regioselective C−H amination of the obtained 3‐enamido carbazoles to synthesize (indol‐3‐yl)‐9H‐carbazoles, biologically valuable motifs, supported the utility of this method.
Serum insulin‐like growth factor‐I levels are associated with improved white matter recovery after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Feeney Claire , Sharp David J. , Hellyer Peter J. , Jolly Amy E. , Cole James H. , Scott Gregory , Baxter David , Jilka Sagar , Ross Ewan , Ham Timothy E. , Jenkins Peter O. , Li Lucia M. , Gorgoraptis Nikos , Midwinter Mark , Goldstone Anthony P. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common disabling condition with limited treatment options. Diffusion tensor imaging measures recovery of axonal injury in white matter (WM) tracts after TBI. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) after TBI may impair axonal and neuropsychological recovery, and serum insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) may mediate this effect. We conducted a longitudinal study to determine the effects of baseline serum IGF‐I concentrations on WM tract and neuropsychological recovery after TBI.MethodsThirty‐nine adults after TBI (84.6% male, median age = 30.5 years, 87.2% moderate–severe, median time since TBI = 16.3 months, n = 4 with GHD) were scanned twice, 13.3 months (range = 12.1–14.9) apart, and 35 healthy controls were scanned once. Symptom and quality of life questionnaires and cognitive assessments were completed at both visits (n = 33). Our main outcome measure was fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of WM tract integrity, in a priori regions of interest: splenium of corpus callosum (SPCC) and posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC).ResultsAt baseline, FA was reduced in many WM tracts including SPCC and PLIC following TBI compared to controls, indicating axonal injury, with longitudinal increases indicating axonal recovery. There was a significantly greater increase in SPCC FA over time in patients with serum IGF‐I above versus below the median for age. Only the higher IGF‐I group had significant improvements in immediate verbal memory recall over time.InterpretationWM recovery and memory improvements after TBI were greater in patients with higher serum IGF‐I at baseline. These findings suggest that the growth hormone/IGF‐I system may be a potential therapeutic target following TBI. Ann Neurol 2017;82:30–43
Rheological behavior of polyacrylamide solution in the presence of cationic Gemini surfactants/conventional surfactants
Authors: Khan Mohd Bilal 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, the rheological behavior of polyacrylamide solutions in the absence and presence of cationic Gemini surfactants (16‐s‐16, s = 5, 6) and their monomeric counterpart, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, at different temperatures has been studied in the light of its application field by rheometry. The polyacrylamide solution shows the shear thinning behavior at a very low shear rate in the absence and presence of surfactants, and the Ostwald de model was used to describe the pseudoplastic behavior of polyacrylamide solution. The viscosity of polyacrylamide solution increases with the addition of surfactants, and the increase in viscosity is quite significant with Gemini surfactant as compared with their monomeric counterpart cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, indicating stronger interaction of polyacrylamide with Geminis. Further, transmission electron microscope results support the viscosity data. The results obtained are quite interesting and could be of prolific use for selection of polymer–surfactant mixtures and surfactants for use in enhance oil recovery. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Block Copolymer‐Templated Approach to Nanopatterned Metal–Organic Framework Films
Authors: Zhou Meimei , Wu Yi‐nan , Wu Baozhen , Yin Xianpeng , Gao Ning , Li Fengting , Li Guangtao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe fabrication of patterned metal–organic framework (MOF) films with precisely controlled nanoscale resolution has been a fundamental challenge in nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this study, nanopatterned MOF films were fabricated using a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) growth method on functional templates (such as a bicontinuous nanoporous membrane or a structure with highly long‐range‐ordered nanoscopic channels parallel to the underlying substrate) generated by the microphase separation of polystyrene‐b‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) block copolymers. HKUST‐1 can be directly deposited on the templates without any chemical modification because the pyridine groups in P2VP interact with metal ions via metal‐BCP complexes. As a result, nanopatterned HKUST‐1 films with feature sizes below 50 nm and controllable thicknesses can be fabricated by controlling the number of LBL growth cycles. The proposed fabrication method further extends the applications of MOFs in various fields.
[n]Cyclo‐3,6‐phenanthrenylenes: Synthesis, Structure, and Fluorescence
Authors: Tian Yi , Ikemoto Koki , Sato Sota , Isobe Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFive congeners of [n]cyclo‐3,6‐phenanthrenylene with 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 panels were obtained from one‐pot macrocyclization of dibromophenanthrene, and their crystal structures with diverse molecular shapes were revealed by X‐ray crystallography. The compounds, except the four‐panel congener, were highly fluorescent in solution, with quantum yields up to 85 %. The least fluorescent four‐panel congener showed the smallest change in its absorption spectrum from that of monomeric phenanthrene, which provided an interesting structure–activity relationship for fluorescent macrocycles to guide future studies.