bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Exportin-1 Inhibitor Selinexor Exerts Superior Antitumor Activity when Combined with T-Cell Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Farren Matthew R. , Hennessey Rebecca C. , Shakya Reena , Elnaggar Omar , Young Gregory , Kendra Kari , Landesman Yosef , Elloul Sivan , Crochiere Marsha , Klebanov Boris , Kashyap Trinayan , Burd Christin E. , Lesinski Gregory B. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Selinexor, a selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compound targeting exportin-1, has previously been shown to inhibit melanoma cell growth in vivo. We hypothesized that combining selinexor with antibodies that block or disrupt T-cell checkpoint molecule signaling would exert superior antimelanoma activity. In vitro, selinexor increased PDCD1 and CTLA4 gene expression in leukocytes and induced CD274 gene expression in human melanoma cell lines. Mice bearing syngeneic B16F10 melanoma tumors demonstrated a significant reduction in tumor growth rate in response to the combination of selinexor and anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies (P &lt; 0.05). Similar results were obtained in B16F10-bearing mice treated with selinexor combined with anti-CTLA4 antibody. Immunophenotypic analysis of splenocytes by flow cytometry revealed that selinexor alone or in combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody significantly increased the frequency of both natural killer cells (P ≤ 0.050) and CD4+ T cells with a Th1 phenotype (P ≤ 0.050). Further experiments indicated that the antitumor effect of selinexor in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy persisted under an alternative dosing schedule but was lost when selinexor was administered daily. These data indicate that the efficacy of selinexor against melanoma may be enhanced by disrupting immune checkpoint activity. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(3); 417–27. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Tyler et al., p. 428.
Tumor-Associated Monocytes/Macrophages Impair NK-Cell Function via TGFβ1 in Human Gastric Cancer
Authors: Peng Liu-sheng , Zhang Jin-yu , Teng Yong-sheng , Zhao Yong-liang , Wang Ting-ting , Mao Fang-yuan , Lv Yi-pin , Cheng Ping , Li Wen-hua , Chen Na , Duan Mubing , Chen Weisan , Guo Gang , Zou Quan-ming , Zhuang Yuan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a major component of the host antitumor immune response in human cancer. However, the nature, functional regulation, and clinical relevance of NK cells in gastric cancer remain largely unknown. In this study, we showed that the percentages of NK cells in tumors were significantly decreased, and low percentages of tumor-infiltrating NK cells were positively correlated with poor survival and disease progression. Although the expression of activating and inhibitory receptors on NK cells was shown to be not different between tumor and nontumor tissues, NK cells in tumors had impaired effector functions, characterized by decreased IFNγ, TNFα, and Ki-67 expression. We found that tumor-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages were physically close to NK cells, and their percentages negatively correlated with IFNγ+ and TNFα+ NK-cell percentages. Ex vivo study showed that isolated tumor-associated monocytes/macrophages could impair NK-cell expression of IFNγ, TNFα, and Ki-67. Blockade of TGFβ1 attenuated such monocytes/macrophages-mediated impairment of NK-cell function. Our data suggest that human NK-cell function was impaired by tumor-associated monocytes/macrophages, and that restoring NK-cell function may be an important therapeutic strategy to prevent tumor immune escape in gastric cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(3); 248–56. ©2017 AACR.
National Trends in Atrial Fibrillation Hospitalization, Readmission, and Mortality for Medicare Beneficiaries, 1999–2013
Authors: Freeman James V. , Wang Yun , Akar Joseph , Desai Nihar , Krumholz Harlan 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Data are lacking on national trends for atrial fibrillation (AF) hospitalization, particularly with regard to long-term outcomes including readmission and mortality.

Methods:
We studied all Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries between 1999 and 2013, and we evaluated rates of hospitalization for AF, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and hospital payments. We then evaluated rates of long-term outcomes, including 30-day readmission, 30-day mortality, and 1-year mortality. To evaluate changes in rates of AF hospitalization and mortality, we used mixed-effects models, adjusting for age, sex, race, and comorbidity. To assess changes in rates of 30-day readmission, we constructed a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, sex, race, and comorbidity.

Results:
Adjusted rates of hospitalization for AF increased by ≈1% per year between 1999 and 2013, and although geographic variation was present, this trend was consistent nationwide. Median hospital length of stay remained unchanged at 3.0 (interquartile range 2.0–5.0) days, but median Medicare inpatient expenditure per beneficiary increased from $2932 (interquartile range $2232–$3870) to $4719 (interquartile range $3124–$7209) per stay. During the same period, the rate of inpatient mortality during AF hospitalization decreased by 4% per year, and the rate of 30-day readmission decreased by 1% per year. The rates of 30-day and 1-year mortality decreased more modestly by 0.4% and 0.26% per year, respectively.

Conclusions:
Between 1999 and 2013, among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, patients were hospitalized more frequently and treated with more costly inpatient therapies such as AF catheter ablation, but this finding was associated with improved outcomes, including lower rates of in-hospital mortality, 30-day readmission, 30-day mortality, and 1-year mortality.
Hope and Worry: Gendered Emotional Geographies of Climate Change in Three Vulnerable U.S. Communities
Authors: du Bray Margaret V. , Wutich Amber , Brewis Alexandra 
Published: February 2017

AbstractClimate scientists have proposed that many people have not yet felt the results of climate change. This explains, at least in part, why some people are so unmotivated to make changes to mitigate climate change. Yet, a range of studies focused on other types of weather-related anticipated and experienced disasters, such as drought, clearly demonstrate that climate-related phenomena can elicit strong emotional reactions. Using a combination of open-ended interview questions and close-ended survey questions, the authors conducted semistructured interviews in three biophysically vulnerable communities (Mobile, Alabama; Kodiak, Alaska; and Phoenix, Arizona). The relatively high number of respondents who expressed sadness and worry at the possible outcomes of climate change indicates emotional awareness, even among climate change skeptics. The patterns were significantly gendered, with men across the three sites less likely to indicate hope. Results suggest that emotional aspects of climate change might provide an entry point for rallying vulnerable U.S. communities to consider mitigation efforts.
Effect of pretreatment with midazolam on etomidate-induced myoclonus: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Chengmao , Zhu Yu , Liu Zhen , Ruan Lin 
Published: February 2017

Objective To investigate the effect of pretreatment with midazolam on myoclonus induced by etomidate injection. Methods A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software, version 5.2. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase® databases for randomized controlled trials involving patients who underwent etomidate induced general anaesthesia with or without midazolam pretreatment, published between 1990 and 2016. Outcome measures comprised overall myoclonus incidence rate and incidence rate classified by degree of myoclonus following etomidate injection. Data were assessed using a fixed effects model. Results Five studies, comprising 302 patients, were included for analysis. Overall incidence rate of etomidate injection-induced myoclonus was significantly lower in the pooled midazolam group versus controls (relative risk [RR] 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26, 0.44); Results subgrouped by degree of myoclonus showed significantly lower incidence in midazolam groups versus control groups for mild myoclonus (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.39, 0.80); moderate myoclonus (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.10, 0.41); and severe myoclonus (RR 0.12, 95% CI 0.04, 0.39). Conclusion Midazolam can effectively prevent etomidate-induced myoclonus, and alleviate the degree of etomidate-induced myoclonus.
Rural–Urban Disparities in Obesity Prevalence Among Working Age Adults in the United States: Exploring the Mechanisms
Authors: Wen Ming , Fan Jessie X. , Kowaleski-Jones Lori , Wan Neng 
Published: February 2017

Purpose: Higher prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in rural America have been consistently reported, but sources of these disparities are not well known. This study presented patterns and mechanisms of these disparities among working age Americans. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: United States of America. Participants: The study included 10 302 participants of the 2003-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who were 20 to 64 years old, not pregnant, and with a body mass index ranging from 18.5 to 60. Measures: Individual-level data were from NHANES including age, gender, race/ethnicity, immigrant status, education, and family income. The outcomes were prevalence of obesity and prevalence of overweight and obesity combined. Neighborhood data were constructed from the 2000 US Census providing tract-level information on family median income and built environmental features and from the 2006 ESRI ArcGIS 9.3 Data DVD providing tract-level park location information. Analysis: Geographic information system (GIS) methods were used to create a measure of spatial distance to local parks capturing park accessibility. Random intercept logistic and ordinal logit regression analyses were performed. Findings: Multivariate regression results showed that the odds of obesity was higher in rural areas compared to urban areas (odds ratio = 1.358, P < .001) net of demographic controls and that this gap was largely attributable to individual educational attainment and neighborhood median household income and neighborhood built environmental features. After controlling for these hypothesized mediators, the elevated odds associated with rural residence was reduced by nearly 94% and rendered statistically insignificant. Conclusions: In this nationally representative cross-sectional sample, rural–urban obesity disparities were large and explained by rural–urban educational differences at the individual level and economic and built environmental differences at the neighborhood level.
Botanicals With Dermatologic Properties Derived From First Nations Healing: Part 1—Trees
Authors: Colantonio Sophia , Rivers Jason K. 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: First Nations people have a long history of working with medicinal plants used to treat skin diseases. The purpose was to assess the dermatologic therapeutic potential of western red cedar, white spruce, birch, balsam poplar, and black spruce. Methods: Based on expert recommendations, 5 trees were selected that were used in First Nations medicine for cutaneous healing and have potential and/or current application to dermatology today. We searched several databases up to June 12, 2014. Results: Western red cedar’s known active principal compound, β-thujaplicin, has been studied in atopic dermatitis. White spruce’s known active principal compound, 7-hydroxymatairesinol, has anti-inflammatory activity, while phase II clinical trials have been completed on a birch bark emulsion for the treatment of actinic keratoses, epidermolysis bullosa, and the healing of split thickness graft donor sites. Balsam poplar has been used clinically as an anti-aging remedy. Black spruce bark contains higher amounts of the anti-oxidant trans-resveratrol than red wine. Discussion: North American traditional medicine has identified important botanical agents that are potentially relevant to both cosmetic and medical dermatology. This study is limited by the lack of good quality evidence contributing to the review. The article is limited to 5 trees, a fraction of those used by First Nations with dermatological properties.
Sweet Syndrome: Clinical Features, Histopathology, and Associations of 83 Cases
Authors: Casarin Costa Jose Ricardo , Virgens Anangelica Rodrigues , de Oliveira Mestre Luisa , Dias Natasha Favoretto , Samorano Luciana Paula , Valente Neusa Yuriko Sakai , Festa Neto Cyro 
Published: February 2017

Background: Sweet syndrome (SS) is an infrequent skin disease characterised by sudden onset of fever, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and tender erythematous plaques infiltrated by neutrophils. Multiple conditions have been associated with this syndrome. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, and histopathological findings and associations of patients with SS. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 83 patients with SS followed between January 1, 2006, and January 31, 2015. Results: Of the patients, 82% were female; the mean age at onset was 48 years. Clinical presentation was mainly characterised by erythematous and edematous plaques, mostly on upper extremities and trunk. Fever was observed in 32%; 60% presented leukocytosis and 39% neutrophilia. On histopathological examination, neutrophilic and lymphohistiocytic infiltrate and edema were the most frequent findings. Fourteen percent of patients had malignancy or hematologic disorders, 26% were classified as having drug-induced SS, and 24% noted recent infection. Only 2 cases occurred during pregnancy. Systemic corticosteroid was the most common choice of treatment, with excellent response. In malignancy-associated SS, the mean hemoglobin level was lower ( P = .01) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was higher ( P = .04) in comparison to classic and drug-induced SS. Leukocytoclasia was associated with higher risk of recurrence ( P = .01). Conclusion: All patients with SS deserve careful investigation of possible underlying conditions. Higher ESR and lower hemoglobin levels might reinforce the need of malignancy screening. Also, leukocytoclasia appears to be a potential marker of higher recurrence rate, demanding closer and longer follow-up.
Seroreactivity to Anisakis spp. in the perinatal period
Authors: Santos Luciana , Vericimo Mauricio , Teixeira Gerlinde , Clemente Sergio S , Figueiredo Israel 
Published: February 2017

Background This study had sought to assess the seroreactivity to the fish nematode Anisakis spp. in a puerperal population, as well as to ascertain whether a correlation exists between maternal and cord blood levels. Methods Blood samples were obtained from puerperal women and cord blood to measure specific anti- Anisakis antigen IgG and IgE by ELISA. Non-parametric tests were used to compare two or more independent and related samples. Results Of the 99 maternal serum samples assessed, 21 were positive on ELISA (21.2%). There were no significant differences in the mean ranks of IgG optical density levels between women who ate fish and those who did not (p = 0.456), those who ate raw fish and those who did not (p = 0.479), or between those who had allergic complaints and those who did not (p = 0.431). Conclusion Transplacental passage of antibodies occurred, leading to moderate correlation between maternal and cord blood serum levels.
Exploring diurnal variation using piecewise linear splines: an example using blood pressure
Authors: Madden Jamie M. , Li Xia , Kearney Patricia M. , Tilling Kate , Fitzgerald Anthony P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background
There are many examples of physiological processes that follow a circadian cycle and researchers are interested in alternative methods to illustrate and quantify this diurnal variation. Circadian blood pressure (BP) deserves additional attention given uncertainty relating to the prognostic significance of BP variability in relation to cardiovascular disease. However, the majority of studies exploring variability in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) collapse the data into single readings ignoring the temporal nature of the data. Advanced statistical techniques are required to explore complete variation over 24 h.

Methods
We use piecewise linear splines in a mixed-effects model with a constraint to ensure periodicity as a novel application for modelling daily blood pressure. Data from the Mitchelstown Study, a cross-sectional study of Irish adults aged 47–73 years (n = 2047) was utilized. A subsample (1207) underwent 24-h ABPM. We compared patterns between those with and without evidence of subclinical target organ damage (microalbuminuria).

Results
We were able to quantify the steepest rise and fall in SBP, which occurred just after waking (2.23 mmHg/30 min) and immediately after falling asleep (−1.93 mmHg/30 min) respectively. The variation about an individual’s trajectory over 24 h was 12.3 mmHg (standard deviation). On average those with microalbuminuria were found to have significantly higher SBP (7.6 mmHg, 95% CI 5.0–10.1) after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. Including an interaction term between each linear spline and microalbuminuria did not improve model fit.

Conclusion
We have introduced a practical method for the analysis of ABPM where we can determine the rate of increase or decrease for different periods of the day. This may be particularly useful in examining chronotherapy effects of antihypertensive medication. It offers new measures of short-term BP variability as we can quantify the variation about an individual’s trajectory but also allows examination of the variation in slopes between individuals (random-effects).
Complete genome sequence of Pseudoalteromonas phage vB_PspS-H40/1 (formerly H40/1) that infects Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain H40 and is used as biological tracer in hydrological transport studies
Authors: Kallies René , Kiesel Bärbel , Schmidt Matthias , Kacza Johannes , Ghanem Nawras , Narr Anja , Zopfi Jakob , Wick Lukas Y. , Hackermüller Jörg , Harms Hauke , Chatzinotas Antonis 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPseudoalteromonas phage vB_PspS-H40/1 is a lytic phage that infects Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain H40. Both, the phage and its host were isolated in the 1970s from seawater samples collected from the North Sea near the island of Helgoland, Germany. The phage particle has an icosahedral capsid with a diameter of ~43 to 45 nm and a long non-contractile tail of ~68 nm in length, a typical morphology for members of the Siphoviridae family. The linear dsDNA genome of Pseudoalteromonas phage vB_PspS-H40/1 has a sequence length of 45,306 bp and a GC content of 40.6%. The genome has a modular structure and contains a high proportion of sequence information for hypothetical proteins, typically seen in phage genome sequences. This is the first report of the complete genome sequence of this lytic phage, which has been frequently used since the 1990s as biological tracer in hydrogeological transport studies.
What Calls to ARMs? International Evidence on Interest Rates and the Choice of Adjustable-Rate Mortgages
Authors: Badarinza Cristian , Campbell John Y. , Ramadorai Tarun 
Published: February 2017

The relative popularity of adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) and fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) varies considerably both across countries and over time. We ask how movements in current and expected future interest rates affect the share of ARMs in total mortgage issuance. Using a nine-country panel and instrumental variables methods, we present evidence that near-term (one-year) rational forecasts of future movements in ARM rates do affect mortgage choice, particularly in more recent data since 2001. However, longer-term (three-year) rational forecasts of ARM rates have a relatively weak effect, and the current spread between FRM and ARM rates also matters, suggesting that households are concerned with current interest costs as well as with lifetime cost minimization. These conclusions are robust to alternative (adaptive and survey-based) models of household expectations. Data, the online appendix, and the institutional appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2629 . This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Astronomical Surveys and Big Data
Authors: Mickaelian Areg M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRecent all-sky and large-area astronomical surveys and their catalogued data over the whole range of electromagnetic spectrum, from γ-rays to radio waves, are reviewed, including such as Fermi-GLAST and INTEGRAL in γ-ray, ROSAT, XMM and Chandra in X-ray, GALEX in UV, SDSS and several POSS I and POSS II-based catalogues (APM, MAPS, USNO, GSC) in the optical range, 2MASS in NIR, WISE and AKARI IRC in MIR, IRAS and AKARI FIS in FIR, NVSS and FIRST in radio range, and many others, as well as the most important surveys giving optical images (DSS I and II, SDSS, etc.), proper motions (Tycho, USNO, Gaia), variability (GCVS, NSVS, ASAS, Catalina, Pan-STARRS), and spectroscopic data (FBS, SBS, Case, HQS, HES, SDSS, CALIFA, GAMA). An overall understanding of the coverage along the whole wavelength range and comparisons between various surveys are given: galaxy redshift surveys, QSO/AGN, radio, Galactic structure, and Dark Energy surveys. Astronomy has entered the Big Data era, with Astrophysical Virtual Observatories and Computational Astrophysics playing an important role in using and analyzing big data for new discoveries.
Depressed Emission between Magnetic Arcades near a Sunspot
Authors: Ryabov B. I. , Shibasaki K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe locations of the depressed emission in microwaves, EUV and soft X-rays are compared with each other and with the location of the plasma outflow in the active region (AR) 8535 on the Sun. We found that two open-field regions overlap the regions of depressed emission near the AR's sunspot. These two open-field regions are simulated with the potential-field source-surface (PFSS) model under radial distances of
Ideational Pathways: Toward a New Approach for Studying the Life of Ideas
Authors: Tanggaard Lene , Beghetto Ronald A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
What is the life of an idea? How do some ideas result in creative outcomes? People interested in creativity often want to know the answers to these questions. Although there are numerous methods and measures for assessing creative persons and products, there is little by way of methods for documenting and analysing the trajectories of ideas. The purpose of this paper is to address this need by introducing a new approach for tracing and analysing ideational pathways. Ideational pathways refer to the trajectory of ideas in temporal and spatial dimensions. That is, how ideas travel through time and space and whether those ideas end up resulting in creative outcomes. We open the paper by providing a theoretical and conceptual background for ideational pathways. We then introduce an emerging approach for tracing these pathways and apply it to two examples. We close by discussing implications and directions for future research.