bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Cerebral Blood Flow in Moyamoya Angiopathy by Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Angiography Noninvasive Optimal Vessel Analysis
Authors: Khan Nadia , Lober Robert M , Ostergren Lauren , Petralia Jacob , Bell-Stephens Teresa , Navarro Ramon , Feroze Abdullah , Steinberg Gary K 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Moyamoya disease causes progressive occlusion of the supraclinoidal internal carotid artery, and middle, anterior, and less frequently the posterior cerebral arteries, carrying the risk of stroke. Blood flow is often partially reconstituted by compensatory moyamoya collaterals and sometimes the posterior circulation. Cerebral revascularization can further augment blood flow. These changes to blood flow within the cerebral vessels, however, are not well characterized.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate blood flow changes resulting from the disease process and revascularization surgery using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography with noninvasive optimal vessel analysis (NOVA).

METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed 190 preoperative and postoperative imaging scans in 66 moyamoya patients after revascularization surgery. Images were analyzed for blood flow using NOVA and compared with preoperative angiographic staging and postoperative blood flow. Blood flow rates within superficial temporal artery grafts were compared based on angiographic evidence of patency.

RESULTS
Diseased vessels had lower blood flow, correlating with angiographic staging. Flow in posterior cererbal and basilar arteries increased with disease severity, particularly when both the anterior and middle cerebral arteries were occluded. Basilar artery flow and ipsilateral internal carotid artery flow decreased after surgery. Flow rates were different between angiographically robust and poor direct bypass grafts, as well as between robust and patent grafts.

CONCLUSION
Preoperative changes in cerebral vessel flow as measured by NOVA correlated with angiographic disease progression. NOVA demonstrated that preoperative augmentation of the posterior circulation decreased after surgery. This report is the first to quantify the shift in collateral supply from the posterior circulation to the bypass graft.
The Survival Advantage of “Supratotal” Resection of Glioblastoma Using Selective Cortical Mapping and the Subpial Technique
Authors: Esquenazi Yoshua , Friedman Elliott , Liu Zheyu , Zhu Jay-Jiguang , Hsu Sigmund , Tandon Nitin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A substantial body of evidence suggests that cytoreductive surgery is a prerequisite to prolonging survival in patients with glioblastoma (GBM).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and impact of “supratotal” resections beyond the zone of enhancement seen on magnetic resonance imaging scans, using a subpial technique.

METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 86 consecutive patients with primary GBM, managed by the senior author, using a subpial resection technique with or without carmustine (BCNU) wafer implantation. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze clinical, radiological, and outcome variables. Overall impacts of extent of resection (EOR) and BCNU wafer placement were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

RESULTS: Mean patient age was 56 years. The median OS for the group was 18.1 months. Median OS for patients undergoing gross total, near-total, and subtotal resection were 54, 16.5, and 13.2 months, respectively. Patients undergoing near-total resection (P = .05) or gross total resection (P < .01) experienced statistically significant longer survival time than patients undergoing subtotal resection as well as patients undergoing ≥95% EOR (P < .01) when compared to <95% EOR. The addition of BCNU wafers had no survival advantage.

CONCLUSIONS: The subpial technique extends the resection beyond the contrast enhancement and is associated with an overall survival beyond that seen in similar series where resection of the enhancement portion is performed. The effect of supratotal resection on survival exceeded the effects of age, Karnofsky performance score, and tumor volume. A prospective study would help to quantify the impact of the subpial technique on quality of life and survival as compared to a traditional resection limited to the enhancing tumor.
Angio-Architectural Features of High-Grade Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Correlation With Aggressive Clinical Presentation and Hemorrhagic Risk
Authors: Della Pepa Giuseppe Maria , Parente Paolo , D’Argento Francesco , Pedicelli Alessandro , Sturiale Carmelo Lucio , Sabatino Giovanni , Albanese Alessio , Puca Alfredo , Fernandez Eduardo , Olivi Alessando , Marchese Enrico 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: High-grade dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) can present shunts with very different angio-architectural characteristics. Specific hemodynamic factors may affect clinical history and determine very different clinical courses.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between some venous angio-architectural features in high-grade dAVFs and clinical presentation. Specific indicators of moderate or severe venous hypertension were analyzed, such as altered configurations of the dural sinuses (by a single or a dual thrombosis), or overload of cortical vessels (restrictions of outflow, pseudophlebitic cortical vessels, and venous aneurysms).

METHODS: The institutional series was retrospectively reviewed (49 cases), and the pattern of venous drainage was analyzed in relationship with clinical presentation (benign/aggressive/hemorrhage).

RESULTS: Thirty-five of 49 cases displayed cortical reflux (high-grade dAVFs). This subgroup displayed a benign presentation in 31.42% of cases, an aggressive in 31.42%, and hemorrhage in 37.14%.

CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm that within high-grade dAVFs, 2 distinct subpopulations exist according to severity of clinical presentation. Some indicators we examined showed correlation with aggressive nonhemorrhagic manifestations (outflow restriction and pseudophlebitic cortical vessels), while other showed a correlation with hemorrhage (dual thrombosis and venous aneurysms). Current classifications appear insufficient to identify a wide range of conditions that ultimately determine the organization of the cortical venous drainage. Intermediate degrees of venous congestion correlate better with the clinical risk than the simple definition of cortical reflux. The angiographic aspects of venous drainage presented in this study may prove useful to assess dAVF hemodynamic characteristics and identify conditions at higher clinical risk.
Academic Productivity of US Neurosurgery Residents as Measured by H-Index: Program Ranking with Correlation to Faculty Productivity
Authors: Sarkiss Christopher A. , Riley Kyle J. , Hernandez Christopher M. , Oermann Eric K. , Ladner Travis R. , Bederson Joshua B. , Shrivastava Raj K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Engagement in research and academic productivity are crucial components in the training of a neurosurgeon. This process typically begins in residency training. In this study, we analyzed individual resident productivity as it correlated to publications across all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited neurosurgery training programs in an attempt to identify how programs have developed and fostered a research culture and environment. We obtained a list of current neurosurgery residents in ACGME-accredited programs from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons database. An expanded PubMed and Scopus search was conducted for each resident through the present time. We tabulated all articles attributed to each resident. We then categorized the publications based on each neurosurgical subspecialty while in residency. A spreadsheet-based statistical analysis was performed. This formulated the average number of resident articles, h-indices, and most common subspecialty categories by training program. We analyzed 1352 current neurosurgery residents in 105 programs. There were a total of 10 645 publications, of which 3985 were resident first-author publications during the period of study. The most common subspecialties among all resident publications were vascular (24.9%), spine (16.9%), oncology (16.1%), pediatric (5.6%), functional (4.9%), and trauma (3.8%). The average resident published 2.9 first-author papers with average of 38.0 first-author publications by total residents at each program (range 0-241). The average h-index per resident is 2.47 ± 3.25. When comparing previously published faculty h-index program rankings against our resident h-index rankings, there is a strong correlation between the 2 datasets with a clear delineation between Top-20 productivity and that of other programs (average h-index 4.2 vs 1.7, respectively, P < .001). Increasing program size leads to a clear increase in academic productivity on both the resident and faculty level (average h-index 1.6, 1.9, 3.9 for 1, 2, and 3 resident per year programs, respectively, P < .001). Resident first-author publications correlated with recently described academic departmental productivity. Subspecialty resident publications are highest in cerebrovascular surgery. Resident research and publication is a key metric for assessing the productivity of academic neurosurgery programs and is consistent with one of the core foci of neurosurgical training.
Graft Occlusion and Graft Size Changes in Complex Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm Treated by Extracranial to Intracranial Bypass Using High-Flow Grafts with Therapeutic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion
Authors: Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Tanikawa Rokuya , Kamiyama Hiroyasu , Tsuboi Toshiyuki , Noda Kosumo , Ota Nakao , Miyata Shiro , Takeda Rihei , Tokuda Sadahisa 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although the extracranial-to-intracranial high-flow bypass (EC-IC HFB) continues to be indispensable for complex aneurysms, the risk factors for the graft occlusion and whether the graft size changes after the bypass have not been well established.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the risk factors for the graft occlusion and to confirm whether graft diameters changed over time.

METHODS
The data of 75 patients who suffered from complex internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms and were treated by EC-IC HFB using radial artery graft (RAG) or saphenous vein graft (SVG) with therapeutic ICA occlusion were evaluated. Clinical and radiological characteristics were compared in patients with and without the graft occlusion by the log-rank test. Graft diameters measured preoperatively, postoperatively, at 6 months, and at 1 year were compared by paired t-test.

RESULTS
During a follow-up period (median 26.2 months), graft occlusions were seen in 4 patients (5.3%), and these were the SVGs. Only SVG was related to graft occlusion (P < .001). There was a significant increase with time in RAG diameters (preoperative, 3.1 ± 0.41 mm; postoperative, 3.6 ± 0.65 mm; 6 months, 4.3 ± 1.0 mm; 1 year, 4.4 ± 1.0 mm), while there were no significant diameter changes in SVGs.

CONCLUSION
The present study showed that the SVG was related to the graft occlusion and RAGs gradually enlarged. Unless Allen test is negative, RAG may be better to be used as a graft in EC-IC HFB if therapeutic ICA occlusion is needed.
The Surgical Management of Symptomatic Benign Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors of the Neck and Extremities: An Experience of 442 Cases
Authors: Desai Ketan I. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The occurrence of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) is not uncommon. The surgical excision of symptomatic benign PNSTs along with preservation of the affected nerve and its function is an ideal treatment option.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the outcome with respect to morbidity, extent of resection, and recurrence, and to review and compare our results with those reported in literature.

METHODS
A retrospective review of clinical and radiological findings of 442 patients with benign PNSTs involving the neck and extremities treated surgically from 2000 to 2014 was performed.

RESULTS
In our series, benign PNSTs involved the extremities in 290 (65.6%) patients and the brachial plexus in 146 (33%) patients, and 6 (1.4%) patients had tumors of the extracranial portion of the vagus and hypoglossal nerves in the neck. The mean age of patients was 38 yr. The presenting features were painful mass and paresthesia. Preoperative motor weakness in the extremity was noted in 15.6% of patients. The common nerves involved by the tumors were the ulnar nerve (15.8%), sciatic nerve (12.7%), and upper cervical roots (11.5%). The excision was total in 81.2%, gross total (>90%) in 17.9%, and subtotal (>50%) in 0.9% patients. In 17.6% of patients, there was severe postoperative neurogenic pain. In 28 (6.3%) patients, a new motor deficit was noted following surgery. Recurrence was seen in 2 patients in our series. The mean follow-up was 30.2 mo.

CONCLUSION
Benign PNSTs have excellent clinical outcome, and the goal for surgical treatment is total to gross total excision of the tumor with neural preservation.
Contribution of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition to the Pathogenesis of Human Cerebral and Orbital Cavernous Malformations
Authors: Takada Shigeki , Hojo Masato , Tanigaki Kenji , Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The analysis of gene-targeted mouse mutants has demonstrated that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is crucial to the onset and progression of cerebral cavernous malformations (CMs). It has also been shown that Notch and ephrin/Eph signaling are involved in EndMT. However, their roles in the pathogenesis of human intracranial CMs remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the contribution of EndMT, the Notch pathway, and ephrin-B2/EphB4 signaling to the pathogenesis of human intracranial CMs.

METHODS: Eight human intracranial CMs (5 cerebral and 3 orbital CMs) were immunohistochemically investigated.

RESULTS: CD31 (an endothelial marker) and EndMT markers, such as α-smooth muscle actin (a mesenchymal marker) and CD44 (a mesenchymal stem cell marker), were expressed in the endothelial layer of vascular sinusoids in all cases, suggesting that endothelial cells (ECs) have acquired mesenchymal and stem-cell-like characteristics and undergone EndMT in all cerebral and orbital CMs. EndMT was observed in about 70% and 35% of ECs in cerebral and orbital CMs, respectively. In all cases, Notch3 was expressed in the endothelial layer, indicating that ECs of vascular sinusoids have acquired mesenchymal features. In all cases, both ephrin-B2 and EphB4 were detected in the endothelial layer, suggesting that ECs of vascular sinusoids are immature or malformed cells and have both arterial and venous characteristics.

CONCLUSION: EndMT plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of human cerebral and orbital CMs. Modulating EndMT is expected to be a new therapeutic strategy for cerebral and orbital CMs.
Synopsis of Guidelines for the Clinical Management of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Consensus Recommendations Based on Systematic Literature Review by the Angioma Alliance Scientific Advisory Board Clinical Experts Panel
Authors: Akers Amy , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam , A. Awad Issam , Dahlem Kristen , Flemming Kelly , Hart Blaine , Kim Helen , Jusue-Torres Ignacio , Kondziolka Douglas , Lee Cornelia , Morrison Leslie , Rigamonti Daniele , Rebeiz Tania , Tournier-Lasserve Elisabeth , Waggoner Darrel , Whitehead Kevin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Despite many publications about cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), controversy remains regarding diagnostic and management strategies.

OBJECTIVE: To develop guidelines for CCM management.

METHODS: The Angioma Alliance (www.angioma.org), the patient support group in the United States advocating on behalf of patients and research in CCM, convened a multidisciplinary writing group comprising expert CCM clinicians to help summarize the existing literature related to the clinical care of CCM, focusing on 5 topics: (1) epidemiology and natural history, (2) genetic testing and counseling, (3) diagnostic criteria and radiology standards, (4) neurosurgical considerations, and (5) neurological considerations. The group reviewed literature, rated evidence, developed recommendations, and established consensus, controversies, and knowledge gaps according to a prespecified protocol.

RESULTS: Of 1270 publications published between January 1, 1983 and September 31, 2014, we selected 98 based on methodological criteria, and identified 38 additional recent or relevant publications. Topic authors used these publications to summarize current knowledge and arrive at 23 consensus management recommendations, which we rated by class (size of effect) and level (estimate of certainty) according to the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association criteria. No recommendation was level A (because of the absence of randomized controlled trials), 11 (48%) were level B, and 12 (52%) were level C. Recommendations were class I in 8 (35%), class II in 10 (43%), and class III in 5 (22%).

CONCLUSION: Current evidence supports recommendations for the management of CCM, but their generally low levels and classes mandate further research to better inform clinical practice and update these recommendations. The complete recommendations document, including the criteria for selecting reference citations, a more detailed justification of the respective recommendations, and a summary of controversies and knowledge gaps, was similarly peer reviewed and is available on line www.angioma.org/CCMGuidelines.
Clinical trial endpoints for patients with gliomas
Authors: Taylor Jennie W , Molinaro Annette M , Butowski Nicholas , Prados Michael 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Malignant glioma represents a diverse set of molecularly heterogeneous diseases. Few therapeutic agents have been approved despite decades of clinical trials research and pre-clinical investigation. Attempts to refine neuroimaging criteria and recent discovery of the genomic profiles linking tumor subsets to survival outcomes have spurred discussion on a variety of new approaches in clinical trial design and relevant endpoints. Here we focus on those endpoints in clinical trial design for patients with primary glioma and related issues still to be resolved.
Surveillance Study of Influenza Occurrence and Immunity in a Wisconsin Cohort During the 2009 Pandemic
Authors: Lo Chia-Yun , Strobl Susan L. , Dunham Kimberly , Wang Wei , Stewart Lucy , Misplon Julia A. , Garcia Mayra , Gao Jin , Ozawa Tatsuhiko , Price Graeme E. , Navidad Jose , Gradus Steve , Bhattacharyya Sanjib , Viboud Cecile , Eichelberger Maryna C. , Weiss Carol D. , Gorski Jack , Epstein Suzanne L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundAntibody and T-cell immunity to conserved influenza virus antigens can protect animals against infection with diverse influenza strains. Although immunity against conserved antigens occurs in humans, whether such responses provide cross-protection in humans and could be harnessed as the basis for universal influenza vaccines is controversial. The 2009 pandemic provided an opportunity to investigate whether pre-existing cross-reactive immunity affected susceptibility to infection.MethodsIn 2009, we banked sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from blood donors, then monitored them for pandemic influenza infection (pH1N1) by polymerase chain reaction or seroconversion. Antibodies to hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), nucleoprotein (NP), matrix 2 (M2), and HA-pseudotypes were measured in sera. T-cell inteferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot responses were measured in PBMC.ResultsThere were 13 infections in 117 evaluable donors. Pre-existing T-cell reactivity to pH1N1 was substantial (of 153 donors tested, 146 had &gt;100 spot-forming cells/106 cells). Antibodies reactive with pH1N1 were common: anti-NP (all donors) and anti-M2 (44% of donors). Pseudotype-neutralizing antibodies to H1 were detected, but not to highly conserved HA epitopes. Unexpectedly, donors with symptomatic pH1N1 infection had sharp rises in HA pseudotype-neutralizing antibodies, not only pH1N1 but also against multiple seasonal H1s. In addition, an exploratory study of a T-cell marker (response to NP418-426) identified probable infection missed by standard criteria.ConclusionsAlthough the number of infections was inadequate for conclusions about mechanisms of protection, this study documents the wide variety of pre-existing, cross-reactive, humoral and cellular immune responses to pandemic influenza virus antigens in humans. These responses can be compared with results of other studies and explored in universal influenza vaccine studies.
eConsultations to Infectious Disease Specialists: Questions Asked and Impact on Primary Care Providers’ Behavior
Authors: Murthy Ruchi , Rose Gregory , Liddy Clare , Afkham Amir , Keely Erin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Since 2010, the Champlain BASE (Building Access to Specialist Advice through eConsultation) has allowed primary care providers (PCPs) to submit clinical questions to specialists through a secure web service. The study objectives are to describe questions asked to Infectious Diseases specialists through eConsultation and assess impact on physician behaviors.

Methods
eConsults completed through the Champlain BASE service from April 15, 2013 to January 29, 2015 were characterized by the type of question asked and infectious disease content. Usage data and PCP responses to a closeout survey were analyzed to determine eConsult response time, change in referral plans, and change in planned course of action.

Results
Of the 224 infectious diseases eConsults, the most common question types were as follows: interpretation of a clinical test 18.0% (41), general management 16.5 % (37), and indications/goals of treating a particular condition 16.5% (37). The most frequently consulted infectious diseases were as follows: tuberculosis 14.3% (32), Lyme disease 14.3% (32), and parasitology 12.9% (29). Within 24 hours, 63% of cases responded to the questions, and 82% of cases took under 15 minutes to complete. In 32% of cases, a face-to-face referral was originally planned by the PCP but was no longer needed. In 8% of cases, the PCP referred the patient despite originally not planning to make a referral. In 55% of cases, the PCP either received new information or changed their course of action.

Conclusions
An eConsult service provides PCPs with timely access to infectious disease specialists’ advice that often results in a change in plans for a face-to-face referral.