bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Clinical Predictors of Deep Brain Stimulation in Young‐Onset Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Pal Gian D. , Hall Deborah , Ouyang Bichun , Phelps Jessica , Alcalay Roy , Pauciulo Michael W. , Nichols William C. , Clark Lorraine , Mejia‐Santana Helen , Blasucci Lucia , Goetz Christopher G. , Comella Cynthia , Colcher Amy , Gan‐Or Ziv , Rouleau Guy A. , Marder Karen ,   the Consortium on Risk for Early Onset Parkinson's Disease (CORE‐PD) Investigators
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveIn a cohort of patients with young‐onset Parkinson's disease (PD), the authors assessed (1) the prevalence of genetic mutations in those who enrolled in deep brain stimulation (DBS) programs compared with those who did not enroll DBS programs and (2) specific genetic and clinical predictors of DBS enrollment.MethodsSubjects were participants from 3 sites (Columbia University, Rush University, and the University of Pennsylvania) in the Consortium on Risk for Early Onset Parkinson's Disease (CORE‐PD) who had an age at onset < 51 years. The analyses presented here focus on glucocerebrosidase (GBA), leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), and parkin (PRKN) mutation carriers. Mutation carrier status, demographic data, and disease characteristics in individuals who did and did not enroll in DBS were analyzed. The association between mutation status and DBS placement was assessed in logistic regression models.ResultsPatients who had PD with either GBA, LRRK2, or PRKN mutations were more common in the DBS group (n = 99) compared with the non‐DBS group (n = 684; 26.5% vs. 16.8%, respectively; P = 0.02). In a multivariate logistic regression model, GBA mutation status (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–4.3; P = 0.05) was associated with DBS surgery enrollment. However, when dyskinesia was included in the multivariate logistic regression model, dyskinesia had a strong association with DBS placement (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.9–7.3; P < 0.0001), whereas the association between GBA mutation status and DBS placement did not persist (P = 0.25).ConclusionsDBS populations are enriched with genetic mutation carriers. The effect of genetic mutation carriers on DBS outcomes warrants further exploration.
Integrin Ligands with α/β‐Hybrid Peptide Structure: Design, Bioactivity, and Conformational Aspects
Authors: De Marco Rossella , Tolomelli Alessandra , Juaristi Eusebio , Gentilucci Luca 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntegrins are cell surface receptors for proteins of the extracellular matrix and plasma‐borne adhesive proteins. Their involvement in diverse pathologies prompted medicinal chemists to develop small‐molecule antagonists, and very often such molecules are peptidomimetics designed on the basis of the short native ligand‐integrin recognition motifs. This review deals with peptidomimetic integrin ligands composed of α‐ and β‐amino acids. The roles exerted by the β‐amino acid components are discussed in terms of biological activity, bioavailability, and selectivity. Special attention is paid to the synthetic accessibility and efficiency of conformationally constrained heterocyclic scaffolds incorporating α/β‐amino acid span.
L‐cysteine supplementation upregulates glutathione (GSH) and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) in hepatocytes cultured in high glucose and in vivo in liver, and increases blood levels of GSH, VDBP, and 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
Authors: Jain Sushil K. , Kanikarla‐Marie Preeti , Warden Cassandra , Micinski David 
Published: January 2016

ScopeVitamin D binding protein (VDBP) status has an effect on and can potentially improve the status of 25(OH) vitamin D and increase the metabolic actions of 25(OH) vitamin D under physiological and pathological conditions. Diabetes is associated with lower levels of glutathione (GSH) and 25(OH) vitamin D. This study examined the hypothesis that upregulation of GSH will also upregulate blood levels of VDBP and 25(OH) vitamin D in type 2 diabetic rats.Methods and resultsL‐cysteine (LC) supplementation was used to upregulate GSH status in a FL83B hepatocyte cell culture model and in vivo using Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Results show that LC supplementation upregulates both protein and mRNA expression of VDBP and vitamin D receptor (VDR) and GSH status in hepatocytes exposed to high glucose, and that GSH deficiency, induced by glutamate cysteine ligase knockdown, resulted in the downregulation of GSH, VDBP, and VDR and an increase in oxidative stress levels in hepatocytes. In vivo, LC supplementation increased GSH and protein and mRNA expression of VDBP and vitamin D 25‐hydroxylase (CYP2R1) in the liver, and simultaneously resulted in elevated blood levels of LC and GSH, as well as increases in VDBP and 25(OH) vitamin D levels, and decreased inflammatory biomarkers in ZDF rats compared with those in placebo‐supplemented ZDF rats consuming a similar diet.ConclusionLC supplementation may provide a novel approach by which to raise blood levels of VDBP and 25(OH) vitamin D in type 2 diabetes.
Isotopic splitting patterns in the 13C NMR spectra of some partially deuterated 1‐aryl‐2‐(phenyldiazenyl)butane‐1,3‐dione and 4‐hydroxy‐3‐(phenyldiazenyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one: evidence for elucidation of tautomeric forms
Authors: Noroozi Pesyan Nader , Rashidnejad Hamid 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance spectra of synthesized azo dyes derived from aniline derivatives in reaction with benzoylacetone and 4‐hydroxycoumarin were studied in both CDCl3 and (CD3)2SO (two drops of D2O were added into solutions of dyes). All dyes showed intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Dyes derived from o‐nitro aniline in the reaction with benzoylacetone, and 4‐hydroxycoumarin showed bifurcated intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The solvent‐substrate proton exchange of dyes derived from benzoylacetone and 4‐hydroxycoumarin was examined in the presence of two drops of D2O. Among ten dye samples, two dyes derived from benzoylacetone did not show deuteration, three dyes showed partial deuteration and five dyes showed full deuteration under similar conditions. For the partially deuterated dyes the β‐isotope effect in 13C splitting was investigated and was used for the determination of the predominant tautomeric form. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerating functional MRI using fixed‐rank approximations and radial‐cartesian sampling
Authors: Chiew Mark , Graedel Nadine N. , McNab Jennifer A. , Smith Stephen M. , Miller Karla L. 
Published: January 2016

PurposeRecently, k‐t FASTER (fMRI Accelerated in Space‐time by means of Truncation of Effective Rank) was introduced for rank‐constrained acceleration of fMRI data acquisition. Here we demonstrate improvements achieved through a hybrid three‐dimensional radial‐Cartesian sampling approach that allows posthoc selection of acceleration factors, as well as incorporation of coil sensitivity encoding in the reconstruction.MethodsThe multicoil rank‐constrained reconstruction used hard thresholding and shrinkage on matrix singular values of the space‐time data matrix, using sensitivity encoding and the nonuniform Fast Fourier Transform to enforce data consistency in the multicoil non‐Cartesian k‐t domain. Variable acceleration factors were made possible using a radial increment based on the golden ratio. Both retrospective and prospectively under‐sampled data were used to assess the fidelity of the enhancements to the k‐t FASTER technique in resting and task‐fMRI data.ResultsThe improved k‐t FASTER is capable of tailoring acceleration factors for recovery of different signal components, achieving up to R = 12.5 acceleration in visual‐motor task data. The enhancements reduce data matrix reconstruction errors even at much higher acceleration factors when compared directly with the original k‐t FASTER approach.ConclusionWe have shown that k‐t FASTER can be used to significantly accelerate fMRI data acquisition with little penalty to data quality. Magn Reson Med 76:1825–1836, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Automatic recognition of subject‐specific cerebrovascular trees
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Yang , Schneller Ben , Alaraj Ali , Flannery Michael , Zhou Xiaohong Joe , Linninger Andreas 
Published: January 2016

PurposeAn image filter designed for reconstructing cerebrovascular trees from MR images is described. Current imaging techniques capture major cerebral vessels reliably, but often fail to detect small vessels, whose contrast is suppressed due to limited resolution, slow blood flow rate, and distortions around bifurcations or nonvascular structures. An incomplete view of angioarchitecture limits the information available to physicians.MethodsA novel Hessian‐based filter for contrast‐enhancement in MR angiography and venography for blood vessel reconstruction without introducing dangling segments is presented. We quantify filter performance with receiver‐operating‐characteristic and dice‐similarity‐coefficient analysis. Total extracted vascular length, number‐of‐segments, volume, surface‐to‐distance, and positional error are calculated for validation.ResultsReconstruction of cerebrovascular trees from MR images of six volunteers show that the new filter renders more complete representations of subject‐specific cerebrovascular networks. Validation with phantom models shows the filter correctly detects blood vessels across all length scales without failing at bifurcations or distorting diameters.ConclusionThe novel filter can potentially improve the diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases by delivering metrics and anatomy of the vasculature. It also facilitates the automated analysis of large datasets by computing biometrics free of operator subjectivity. The high quality reconstruction enables computational mesh generation for subject‐specific hemodynamic simulations. Magn Reson Med 77:398–410, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo, high‐frequency three‐dimensional cardiac MR elastography: Feasibility in normal volunteers
Authors: Arani Arvin , Glaser Kevin L. , Arunachalam Shivaram P. , Rossman Phillip J. , Lake David S. , Trzasko Joshua D. , Manduca Armando , McGee Kiaran P. , Ehman Richard L. , Araoz Philip A. 
Published: January 2016

PurposeNoninvasive stiffness imaging techniques (elastography) can image myocardial tissue biomechanics in vivo. For cardiac MR elastography (MRE) techniques, the optimal vibration frequency for in vivo experiments is unknown. Furthermore, the accuracy of cardiac MRE has never been evaluated in a geometrically accurate phantom. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the necessary driving frequency to obtain accurate three‐dimensional (3D) cardiac MRE stiffness estimates in a geometrically accurate diastolic cardiac phantom and to determine the optimal vibration frequency that can be introduced in healthy volunteers.MethodsThe 3D cardiac MRE was performed on eight healthy volunteers using 80 Hz, 100 Hz, 140 Hz, 180 Hz, and 220 Hz vibration frequencies. These frequencies were tested in a geometrically accurate diastolic heart phantom and compared with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).ResultsThe 3D Cardiac MRE was shown to be feasible in volunteers at frequencies as high as 180 Hz. MRE and DMA agreed within 5% at frequencies greater than 180 Hz in the cardiac phantom. However, octahedral shear strain signal to noise ratios and myocardial coverage was shown to be highest at a frequency of 140 Hz across all subjects.ConclusionThis study motivates future evaluation of high‐frequency 3D MRE in patient populations. Magn Reson Med 77:351–360, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neural network prediction of the reliability of heterogeneous cohesive slopes
Authors: Chok Y.H. , Jaksa M.B. , Kaggwa W.S. , Griffiths D.V. , Fenton G.A. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe reliability of heterogeneous slopes can be evaluated using a wide range of available probabilistic methods. One of these methods is the random finite element method (RFEM), which combines random field theory with the non‐linear elasto‐plastic finite element slope stability analysis method. The RFEM computes the probability of failure of a slope using the Monte Carlo simulation process. The major drawback of this approach is the intensive computational time required, mainly due to the finite element analysis and the Monte Carlo simulation process. Therefore, a simplified model or solution, which can bypass the computationally intensive and time‐consuming numerical analyses, is desirable. The present study investigates the feasibility of using artificial neural networks (ANNs) to develop such a simplified model. ANNs are well known for their strong capability in mapping the input and output relationship of complex non‐linear systems. The RFEM is used to generate possible solutions and to establish a large database that is used to develop and verify the ANN model. In this paper, multi‐layer perceptrons, which are trained with the back‐propagation algorithm, are used. The results of various performance measures indicate that the developed ANN model has a high degree of accuracy in predicting the reliability of heterogeneous slopes. The developed ANN model is then transformed into relatively simple formulae for direct application in practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lagrange extraction and projection for NURBS basis functions: A direct link between isogeometric and standard nodal finite element formulations
Authors: Schillinger Dominik , Ruthala Praneeth K. , Nguyen Lam H. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe introduce Lagrange extraction and projection that link a C0 nodal basis with a smooth B‐spline basis. Our technology is equivalent to Bézier extraction and projection but offers an alternative implementation based on the interpolatory property of nodal basis functions. The Lagrange extraction operator can be constructed by simply evaluating B‐spline basis functions at nodal points and eliminates the need for introducing Bernstein polynomials as new shape functions. The Lagrange projection operator is defined as the inverse of the Lagrange extraction operator and directly relates function values at nodal points to element‐level B‐spline coefficients of a local interpolant. For geometries based on polynomial B‐splines, our technology allows the implementation of isogeometric analysis in standard nodal finite element codes with simple algorithms and minimal intrusion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prescribing practices of antidepressants in cancer patients
Authors: Sanjida Saira , Janda Monika , Kissane David , Shaw Joanne , Pearson Sallie‐Anne , DiSipio Tracey , Couper Jeremy 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundAntidepressants are commonly used for the pharmacological treatment of depression. We aimed to summarise the prevalence of antidepressant prescription to cancer patients, and differences by study or patient characteristics.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and psychINFO were searched using keywords ‘psychotropic’, ‘antidepressants’, ‘prescription’ and ‘cancer’. Prevalence of antidepressants, type, dose and follow‐up of antidepressants and prescriber details were extracted.ResultsOverall, 1537 articles between 1979 and February 2015 were found, 38 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed according to PRISMA guidelines. The prevalence rate of prescribing antidepressants to cancer patients was 15.6% (95% CI = 13.3–18.3). Prescription was significantly less common in studies from Asia (7.4%; 95% CI = 4.3–12.5), more common in female (22.6%; 95% CI = 16.0–31.0) or breast cancer patients (22.6%; 95% CI = 16.0–30.9). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were the most frequently prescribed antidepressants. General practitioners and psychiatrists, followed by oncologists, were identified as the major providers of antidepressant prescriptions to cancer patients. Few studies reported the exact dose, length of time drugs were prescribed for or follow‐up regimens.ConclusionsThere is considerable variation in the prescribing patterns of antidepressants across the world, with few studies reporting robust data on exact dose or follow‐up regimens. Prospective studies that monitor antidepressant prescribing, including details of reasons for prescribing and the healthcare providers involved, dose, change in dose or type of medication and follow‐up are needed to ascertain whether patients are being treated optimally and if side effects or drug–drug interactions are identified and managed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on EVA‐Based Wax Fuel for Launch Vehicle Applications
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Ramakrishna Periyapatna A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA fuel for the hybrid rocket system was developed. The attempts made to improve the mechanical properties of wax by adding EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) are illustrated. It was observed that the mechanical properties obtained by adding EVA to wax were dependent on the process of curing the fuel specimen. A proprietary method of curing the fuel specimen was established. The percentage elongation obtained with 20 % EVA and 80 % of wax was around 17 %, which was much higher than the values obtained with pure wax (4 %). It was observed from the study that the higher the percentage of EVA content in wax was, the better the mechanical properties were. Regression rate studies with EVA and wax combination were carried out. It was observed that the regression rate decreased upon addition of EVA in wax. This reduction was compensated by using a bluff body at the head end. The regression rate obtained with 20 % EVA and 80 % wax even with the use of bluff body is lower than that obtained with pure wax, but is around 3.5 times the regression rate obtained with polymeric fuels.
On the reliability of peptide nonplanarity seen in ultra‐high resolution crystal structures
Authors: Brereton Andrew E. , Karplus P. Andrew 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUltra‐high resolution protein crystal structures have been considered as relatively reliable sources for defining details of protein geometry, such as the extent to which the peptide unit deviates from planarity. Chellapa and Rose (Proteins 2015; 83:1687) recently called this into question, reporting that for a dozen representative protein structures determined at ∼1 Å resolution, the diffraction data could be equally well fit with models restrained to have highly planar peptides, i.e. having a standard deviation of the ω torsion angles of only ∼1° instead of the typically observed value of ∼6°. Here, we document both conceptual and practical shortcomings of that study and show that the more tightly restrained models are demonstrably incorrect and do not fit the diffraction data equally well. We emphasize the importance of inspecting electron density maps when investigating the agreement between a model and its experimental data. Overall, this report reinforces that modern standard refinement protocols have been well‐conceived and that ultra‐high resolution protein crystal structures, when evaluated carefully and used with an awareness of their levels of coordinate uncertainty, are powerful sources of information for providing reliable information about the details of protein geometry.
Laboratory and field evaluation of an entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria cateniannulata strain 08XS‐1, against Tetranychus urticae (Koch)
Authors: Zhang Xiaona , Jin Daochao , Zou Xiao , Guo Jianjun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe two‐spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the most serious mite pests of crops throughout the world. Biocontrol of the mite with fungal agents has long been paid much attention because of the development of insecticide resistance and the severe restriction of chemical pesticides. In this study, the efficacy of submerged conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria cateniannulata strain 08XS‐1 against T. urticae eggs, larvae and female adults was evaluated at different temperatures and humidity in the laboratory and under field conditions.RESULTSThe results showed that a suspension of 2 × 107 submerged conidia mL−1 caused the highest mortalities of mite eggs, larvae and females (100, 100 and 70% respectively) at 100% relative humidity and 25 °C in the laboratory. In the field experiments against the mites, a suspension of 2 × 108 submerged conidia mL−1 achieved significant efficiency – the relative control effects were 88.6, 83.8 and 83%, respectively, in cucumber, eggplant and bean fields after 10 days of treatment.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that the I. cateniannulata strain 08XS‐1 is a potential fungal agent, with acceptable production cost of conidia, against T. urticae in the field in an area such as southwestern China with higher air humidity. © 2016 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Yields and images of secondary ions from organic materials by different primary Bi ions in time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Shishido Rie , Fujii Makiko , Seki Toshio , Aoki Takaaki , Matsuo Jiro , Suzuki Shigeru 
Published: January 2016

RationaleBi cluster ions are used as a source of primary ions for time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS), and it has been recognized that secondary ion yields of macromolecules are higher with Bi cluster ions than with monomer ions or other cluster ions such as Cs+, Ga+ and Aun+. However, the analysis conditions of Bi cluster TOF‐SIMS are not sufficiently established. This study provides information on the secondary ion yields, damage cross‐section and spatial resolution obtained with different primary Bi ions.MethodsWe investigated the secondary ion yields, damage cross‐section and spatial resolution using three different primary Bi ions in TOF‐SIMS. The primary ions selected were Bi1+, Bi3+ and Bi32+ that were accelerated with 25 kV and the positively charged secondary ions were analyzed. The samples were 1, 2‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (C44H88NO8P, DSPC), which is a typical lipid, and N,N'‐di(1‐naphthyl)‐N,N'‐diphenylbenzidine (C44H32N2, NPD) and 4,4',4”‐tris[2‐naphthyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine (C66H48N4, 2‐TNATA), which are organic functional materials.ResultsAlthough the secondary ion yields of DSPC were highest when measured with Bi3+, the spatial resolution obtained from all DSPC analyses could not be evaluated because of the low intensity of the secondary molecular ions. On the other hand, for both NPD and 2‐TNATA, the secondary ion yields were highest when imaged with Bi32+. Also, we obtained the highest spatial resolution using Bi32+. In the analysis of all molecules, the damage cross‐section obtained with Bi32+ was also the highest.ConclusionsWhen secondary ions were sensitively detected, images of the high spatial resolution were obtained by using Bi32+. On the other hand, when the secondary ion sensitivity was low, the spatial resolution depended on the yields of secondary ions, implying that the selection of the primary ion species is crucial for SIMS analysis of large molecules. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.