bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quick Access to 1‐(2‐Pyridyl)indoles via Solvent‐Free Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Chemo‐ and Regioselective [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of α,ω‐Diynes and N‐Cyanoindoles
Authors: Chowdhury Hrishikesh , Goswami Avijit 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA new route to synthesize 1‐(2‐pyridyl)indole scaffolds via the solvent‐free, ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed, chemo‐ and regioselective [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction of diynes with N‐cyanoindoles has been developed with good to excellent yields. Among the various transition metal‐based catalysts known for cycloaddition reaction to synthesize pyridine derivatives, chloro(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(cyclooctadiene)ruthenium(II) was established to be the best catalyst for this system. This efficient methodology provides 3‐substituted 1‐(2‐pyridyl)indole scaffolds having very close structural similarity with biological drug molecules.magnified image
Biocatalytic Cascade of Polyphosphate Kinase and Sucrose Synthase for Synthesis of Nucleotide‐Activated Derivatives of Glucose
Authors: Kulmer Sandra T. , Gutmann Alexander , Lemmerer Martin , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSucrose synthase (SuSy) catalyzes in the presence of a pyrimidine or purine nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) the conversion of sucrose to the corresponding nucleotide‐activated derivative of glucose (NDP‐glucose). To realize the potential of SuSy for NDP‐glucose synthesis fully, a nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) should be employed in the reaction, for it is a much more cost‐effective substrate than NDP. Therefore we explored in this study the use of polyphosphate kinases (PPK) from class II and III of family 2 which catalyze in the presence of polyphosphate (polyP) the conversion of NMP into NDP. A biocatalytic cascade of PPK (from Meiothermus ruber) and SuSy (from Acidithiobacillus caldus) was established for NDP‐glucose production. The synthetic efficiency of the cascade reflected the NMP substrate specificity of the PPK, following the order of nucleoside monophosphate: adenosine (AMP)>guanosine (GMP)>cytidine (CMP)>uridine (UMP)>deoxy‐thymidine (dTMP). The efficiency was also influenced by the concentrations of magnesium (Mg2+) and polyphosphate (polyP) as well as by the pH. An optimized synthesis at 45 °C and pH 5.5 gave 81 mM (48 g L−1) ADP‐glucose from 100 mM AMP and 132 mM polyP in the presence of an excess of sucrose (1 M) and 25 mM Mg2+. The productivity was 2.0 g L−1 h−1 despite using an enzyme concentration of only 150 μg mL−1. Isolation of ADP‐glucose (∼99% purity) by anion‐exchange chromatography required prior removal of the polyP, which was achieved by fractional precipitation with ethanol. The herein developed coupling with PPK, to form the NDP substrate from NMP in situ, could be generally useful to advance NDP‐sugar synthesis by Leloir glycosyltransferases.magnified image
Whole‐body vibration exposure of occupational horseback riding in agriculture: A ranching example
Authors: Zeng Xiaoke , Trask Catherine , Kociolek Aaron M 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundHorse riding is common in many occupations; however, there is currently no research evaluating exposure to whole‐body vibration and mechanical shock on horseback.MethodsWhole‐body vibration was measured on a cattle rancher during two 30 min horseback rides using a tri‐axial accelerometer mounted on a western saddle. Vibration was summarized into standardized metrics, including the 8 hr equivalent root‐mean‐squared acceleration (A[8]) and the daily 4th power vibration dose value (VDV). The resulting exposures were compared to the exposure limit and action values provided by European Union Directive 2002/44/EC.ResultsThe highest vibration for both rides was in the vertical axis, with average A(8) and VDV of 0.56 m/s2 and 26.24 m/s1.75, respectively. The A(8) value indicated moderate risk while the VDV suggested high risk of harmful health effects.ConclusionsExposure to whole‐body vibration and mechanical shock during occupational horseback riding may pose deleterious health risks and increased susceptibility to low back pain. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:215–220, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corporate corruption of science—Another asbestos example
Authors: Egilman David , Monárrez Rubén 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundKelsh et al. [2007]: Occup Med (Lond) 57:581–589 published a paper reanalyzing one of the few data sources publicly available on mesothelioma amongst brake workers, the Australian Mesothelioma Surveillance Registry (AMSR). This reanalysis was commissioned by lawyers representing the automobile manufacturing companies and did not align with an independent analysis published by Leigh and Driscoll [2003]: Occup Environ Health 9:206–217.MethodsWe sought to reevaluate the AMSR data ourselves to understand how the company‐sponsored research categorized the data.ResultsIn our re‐analysis of the 78 brake‐related folios in the AMSR, we determined that 57 were employed brake mechanics, 35 were employed brake mechanics with no other asbestos exposure besides brake work or repair, and 41 of these cases had no other asbestos exposure besides brake work or repair. Our classifications differed significantly from Kelsh et al.ConclusionsWe discuss how Kelsh et al. methodically reduced the relevant cases by following overly stringent criteria for inclusion. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:152–162, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Examination of high‐antibiotic users in a multi‐institutional cohort of chronic rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Mace Jess C. , Soler Zachary M. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundIn addition to known concerns regarding antibiotic overuse, recent research indicates that excessive antibiotic use is associated with poorer long‐term health. Given that rhinosinusitis is the leading condition accounting for antibiotic prescriptions in the ambulatory setting, we aimed to evaluate characteristics associated with greater antibiotic use in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).MethodsAdult CRS patients enrolled in a prospective, multi‐institutional, observational cohort study evaluating treatment outcomes were included in this analysis. Study participants were asked to report the number of days out of the previous 90 days that systemic antibiotics were taken for sinus disease. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, and measures of disease severity were evaluated.ResultsA total of 561 patients from 4 institutions were included in the analysis, with mean antibiotic use of 17.4 ± 22.4 out of the prior 90 days. No differences between antibiotic‐use groups were found for objective measures of disease severity (computed tomography [CT], endoscopy, Brief Smell Identification Test [BSIT] scores), however, increased patient‐reported symptom burden (22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test [SNOT‐22], Rhinosinusitis Disability Index [RSDI]) was associated with more antibiotic use. Patients reporting the most antibiotic use were older (p = 0.004) but no ethnic or gender differences were seen. Comorbid diagnoses of allergy, asthma, diabetes, depression, or fibromyalgia were not associated with increased antibiotic use. In accordance with literature recommendations, CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients were less likely to have used antibiotics. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) significantly decreased antibiotic use.ConclusionVariability in antibiotic use in CRS appears to be driven by symptom burden, independent of objective measures of disease severity, patient demographics, and presence of comorbid disease. Clear guidelines are essential to define appropriate antibiotic use in CRS.
Controlling the Helix Handedness of ααβ‐Peptide Foldamers through Sequence Shifting
Authors: Szefczyk Monika , Węglarz‐Tomczak Ewelina , Fortuna Paulina , Krzysztoń Agnieszka , Rudzińska‐Szostak Ewa , Berlicki Łukasz 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPeptide foldamers containing both cis‐β‐aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid and α‐amino acid residues combined in various sequence patterns (ααβ, αααβ, αβααβ, and ααβαααβ) were screened using CD and NMR spectroscopy for the tendency to form helices. ααβ‐Peptides were found to fold into an unprecedented and well‐defined 16/17/15/18/14/17‐helix. By extending the length of the sequence or shifting a fragment of the sequence from one terminus to another in ααβ‐peptides, the balance between left‐handed and right‐handed helix populations present in the solution can be controlled. Engineering of the peptide sequence could lead to compounds with either a strong propensity for the selected helix sense or a mixture of helical conformations of opposite senses.
Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectra Promoted by a Finger Press in an All‐Solid‐State Flexible Energy Conversion and Storage Film
Authors: Li Haitao , Dai Han , Zhang Yihe , Tong Wangshu , Gao Hua , An Qi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractElectrochemically up‐regulated surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (E‐SERS) effectively increases Raman signal intensities. However, the instrumental requirements and the conventional measurement conditions in an electrolyte cell have hampered its application in fast and on‐site detection. To circumvent the inconveniences of E‐SERS, we propose a self‐energizing substrate that provides electrical potential by converting film deformation from a finger press into stored electrical energy. The substrate combines an energy conversion film and a SERS‐active Ag nanowire layer. A composite film prepared from a piezoelectric polymer matrix and surface‐engineered rGO that simultaneously presents high permittivity and low dielectric loss is the key component herein. Using our substrate, increased E‐SERS signals up to 10 times from a variety of molecules were obtained in the open air. Various tests on real‐life sample surfaces demonstrated the potentials of the substrate in fast on‐site detection.
Solubilization of Membrane Proteins into Functional Lipid‐Bilayer Nanodiscs Using a Diisobutylene/Maleic Acid Copolymer
Authors: Oluwole Abraham Olusegun , Danielczak Bartholomäus , Meister Annette , Babalola Jonathan Oyebamiji , Vargas Carolyn , Keller Sandro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOnce removed from their natural environment, membrane proteins depend on membrane‐mimetic systems to retain their native structures and functions. To this end, lipid‐bilayer nanodiscs that are bounded by scaffold proteins or amphiphilic polymers such as styrene/maleic acid (SMA) copolymers have been introduced as alternatives to detergent micelles and liposomes for in vitro membrane‐protein research. Herein, we show that an alternating diisobutylene/maleic acid (DIBMA) copolymer shows equal performance to SMA in solubilizing phospholipids, stabilizes an integral membrane enzyme in functional bilayer nanodiscs, and extracts proteins of various sizes directly from cellular membranes. Unlike aromatic SMA, aliphatic DIBMA has only a mild effect on lipid acyl‐chain order, does not interfere with optical spectroscopy in the far‐UV range, and does not precipitate in the presence of low millimolar concentrations of divalent cations.
Zinc ion‐induced formation of hierarchical N‐succinyl chitosan film
Authors: Wang Hongjiao , Liu Shunli , Zhang Aokai , Li Kewen , Oderinde Olayinka , Yao Fang , Fu Guodong 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA series of N‐succinyl Chitosan (NSCS) hydrogel derived from different substitution degree of NSCS were fabricated through the zinc ions crosslinking. Subsequently, a light‐weight, transparent, and hierarchical NSCS‐Zn(II) film was obtained by drying the hydrogel. The hierarchical structure of NSCS‐Zn(II) film was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The NSCS‐Zn(II) film exhibited excellent mechanical strength because of the preferential formation of the alignment structure. The tensile strength and Young's modulus reaches 119.3 MPa and 2.67 GPa when the NSCS substitution degree was 91.95%. Furthermore, a remarkable and enhanced broad‐spectrum bactericidal properties of the NSCS‐Zn(II) film was revealed through E. coli and S. aureus exposure, respectively. These features indicated that NSCS‐Zn(II) film is a promising material that can be used in biomedical engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44664.
Technology‐Related Sexual Solicitation of Adolescents: A Review of Prevention Efforts
Authors: Wurtele Sandy K. , Kenny Maureen C. 
Published: January 2017

Information and communication technologies (ICTs), particularly the internet and internet‐enabled devices, have rapidly become integral to adolescents' lives in high‐income countries. ICTs are associated with many benefits, but there are risks associated with digital technology. This paper examines one such risk: When adults use ICTs, including social networking sites, mobile phones and smartphones, to sexually solicit adolescents. We describe youth who appear to be more vulnerable to technology‐related sexual solicitations from adults and examine the developmental factors that place adolescents at particular risk. Perpetrators who use technology to electronically groom youth are described, including adults working in youth‐serving organisations. Current digital media safety lessons and messages are described, and suggestions for additional ways to safeguard youth from technology‐related sexual solicitations are offered. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Examines… when adults use ICTs… to sexually solicit adolescents’Key Practitioner Messages

Although known cases of technology‐related sexual solicitation are few in number, public concern about ‘online predators’ has amplified and considerable resources have been put toward legal responses and prevention resources.
Cyber‐safety resources lack evidence of effectiveness and many contain inaccurate warnings that do not address the real dynamics of this type of sexual crime against youth.
Few safety messages inform youth and parents about grooming using mobile phones, and fewer address the dangers of youth having romantic relationships with adults.
‘Cyber‐safety resources… do not address the real dynamics of this type of sexual crime against youth’
Strain uses gap junctions to reverse stimulation of osteoblast proliferation by osteocytes
Authors: Suswillo Rosemary F.L. , Javaheri Behzad , Rawlinson Simon C.F. , Dowthwaite Gary P. , Lanyon Lance E. , Pitsillides Andrew A. 
Published: January 2017

Identifying mechanisms by which cells of the osteoblastic lineage communicate in vivo is complicated by the mineralised matrix that encases osteocytes, and thus, vital mechanoadaptive processes used to achieve load‐bearing integrity remain unresolved. We have used the coculture of immunomagnetically purified osteocytes and primary osteoblasts from both embryonic chick long bone and calvariae to examine these mechanisms. We exploited the fact that purified osteocytes are postmitotic to examine both their effect on proliferation of primary osteoblasts and the role of gap junctions in such communication. We found that chick long bone osteocytes significantly increased basal proliferation of primary osteoblasts derived from an identical source (tibiotarsi). Using a gap junction inhibitor, 18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid, we also demonstrated that this osteocyte‐related increase in osteoblast proliferation was not reliant on functional gap junctions. In contrast, osteocytes purified from calvarial bone failed to modify basal proliferation of primary osteoblast, but long bone osteocytes preserved their proproliferative action upon calvarial‐derived primary osteoblasts.We also showed that coincubated purified osteocytes exerted a marked inhibitory action on mechanical strain–related increases in proliferation of primary osteoblasts and that this action was abrogated in the presence of a gap junction inhibitor. These data reveal regulatory differences between purified osteocytes derived from functionally distinct bones and provide evidence for 2 mechanisms by which purified osteocytes communicate with primary osteoblasts to coordinate their activity.
Vanadium(III)‐Catalyzed Polymerization of α‐Olefins: Detailed NMR Spectroscopic Characterization of Intermediates Modeling the Active Species of Polymerization
Authors: Soshnikov Igor E. , Semikolenova Nina V. , Bryliakov Konstantin P. , Zakharov Vladimir A. , Talsi Evgenii P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe ion pairs formed upon the activation of bis(imino)pyridine complex LVCl3 (L=2,6‐bis[1‐(2,6‐dimethylphenylimino)ethyl]pyridine) with AlMe2Cl and AlMe3/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] were characterized in detail by 1H and 2H NMR spectroscopy, including the first NMR observation of the VIII−CH3 group. The following ion pairs were identified: [L(Cl)VIII(μ‐Cl)2AlMe2]+[A]−, [L(Me)VIII(μ‐Cl)2AlMe2]+[A]−, [LVIIICl2(THF)]+[A]−, and [LVIII(Cl)Me(THF)]+[A]− ([A]−=[AlMe3Cl]− or [B(C6F5)4]−, THF=tetrahydrofuran). The nature of the ethylene polymerization active species is discussed.
A New Class of Low‐Loading Catalysts for Highly Enantioselective, Metal‐Free Imine Reduction of Wide General Applicability
Authors: Brenna Davide , Porta Riccardo , Massolo Elisabetta , Raimondi Laura , Benaglia Maurizio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA new class of chiral Lewis bases for the enantioselective HSiCl3‐mediated reduction of imines was developed. Through extensive catalyst structure optimization, an extremely active species was identified that was able to promote the reduction of a large variety of functionalized substrates in high yields with enantioselectivities typically above 90 % with catalyst loadings as low as 0.1–1 mol %. The simple experimental procedure, the low cost of the reagents, the mild reaction conditions, and the straightforward isolation of the product make the methodology attractive for large‐scale applications. Its synthetic potentiality was demonstrated by the preparation of advanced intermediates of important active pharmaceutical ingredients used in the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, hyperparathyroidism, neuropathic pains, and neurological disorders. The reaction was also successfully performed in flow reactors, which thus demonstrated the possibility to realize in continuo processes to yield multigram quantities of product.
Performance Enhancement of Polycondensate‐Based Superplasticizers by Encapsulation
Authors: von Daake Henning , Stephan Dietmar 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA cost‐effective and robust encapsulation system for chemical admixtures with delayed release mechanisms for construction materials like dry mix mortars is presented. Based on supplementary cementitious materials, a superplasticizer was encapsulated in matrix‐based encapsulations. Subsequently, the particle characteristics of the agglomerates and the release behavior of the superplasticizer were examined. The main objective of this research was to prove the functionality of such encapsulations for the future use in construction materials. The results obtained indicate that the performance of construction chemicals could be improved by encapsulation and controlled release for the future development of new construction materials. Furthermore, material characteristics of the supplementary cementitious material like the incline to excessive dusting or the materials density were improved by encapsulation.
Total Synthesis of Leupyrrins A1 and B1, Highly Potent Antifungal Agents from the Myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum
Authors: Thiede Sebastian , Wosniok Paul R. , Herkommer Daniel , Debnar Thomas , Tian Maoqun , Wang Tongtong , Schrempp Michael , Menche Dirk 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Dirk Menche at the University of Bonn. The image depicts leupyrrins A1 and B1, potent antifungal agents from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201604445.
Study and application of an enzymatic pool in bioscouring of cotton knit fabric
Authors: de Melo da Silva Laís Graziela , de Oliveira Débora , Ulson de Souza Antonio Augusto , Guelli Ulson de Souza Selene Maria 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGrey cotton contains between 4–12 % non‐cellulosic impurities. The removal of these impurities is generally carried out by alkaline washing at elevated temperatures which may cause damage to the cellulose fibre and generate an effluent with a high environmental impact. An alternative approach is the use of bioscouring, with enzymes specifically removing the impurities under mild conditions of pH and temperature. In this study, the effect of a commercial enzymatic pool (cellulase, lipase, and pectinase) on the bioscouring of 100 % cotton knit fabric was evaluated. The effect of each enzyme and the interaction between them were evaluated with the aid of an experimental design and the characterization of the treated fabric (weight loss, degree of whiteness, degree of pectin removal, and hydrophilicity) was performed. The combination of the three enzymes on bioscouring led to the best results in terms of degree of whiteness (25.0 °Berger), pectin removal (87 %), and hydrophilicity (14 s). A comparison between the enzymatic treatment and the scouring confirmed that bioscouring can be as effective as the conventional process, being more environmentally sustainable because it occurs at neutral pH and consumes less water and energy.
Racial disparities in treatment use for multiple myeloma
Authors: Fiala Mark A. , Wildes Tanya M. 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUNDRecent treatment advances have greatly improved the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma. However, some of these newer, more effective treatments are intensive and expensive and their use remains low, particularly among black patients.METHODSIn the current study, the authors reviewed the use patterns of stem cell transplantation and bortezomib using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare linked database.RESULTSAfter controlling for overall health and potential access barriers, black patients were found to be 37% (P<.0001) less likely to undergo stem cell transplantation, and 21% (P<.0001) less likely to be treated with bortezomib. Moreover, the authors found that the underuse of these treatments was associated with a 12% increase in the hazard ratio for death among black patients (P = 0.0007).CONCLUSIONSEliminating health disparities, a current focus of US public policy, is highly complex, as illustrated by the results of the current study. In patients with multiple myeloma, treatment disparities are not completely explained by potential access barriers. Additional factors, such as structural barriers in the health care system and individual decision making among black and white patients, must be explored to fully explain the disparity. Cancer 2017;123:1590–1596. © 2017 American Cancer Society.