bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exámenes de alto impacto: implicaciones educativas
Authors: Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor , Delgado-Maldonado Laura 
Published: January 2017

Introducción: Los exámenes de alto impacto o altas consecuencias tienen una larga historia en la educación superior y han contribuido al desarrollo científico de la evaluación educativa como una disciplina sofisticada. A pesar de ello, han surgido reacciones encontradas sobre el tema en diversos sectores de la sociedad y los profesionales de la educación, cuestionando su valor real y enfatizando sus potenciales efectos negativos. Es necesaria una discusión balanceada de esta temática, fundamentada en argumentos académicos con sustento en investigación, específicamente en educación médica. Objetivo: Proveer un panorama de las implicaciones educativas de la evaluación sumativa con exámenes de alto impacto, con énfasis en la educación médica. Método: Revisión narrativa de la literatura. Se identificaron publicaciones relevantes al tema en las bases de datos disponibles de literatura académica publicada y gris, sobre los exámenes de alto impacto en educación superior en niveles internacional y nacional. Se enfocó en artículos académicos que reportaran aspectos metodológicos y resultados, principalmente en evaluación de educación médica. Discusión: Los exámenes de alto impacto han tenido en general efectos positivos en la educación, aunque también se han reportado efectos negativos importantes y sobre los cuales siempre se debe reflexionar. Existe abundante literatura sobre el tema, pero más del 95% no son trabajos formales de investigación, lo que hace difícil tener una discusión razonable usando argumentos con sustento metodológico. La mayoría de los estudios sobre este tema están publicados en el litigioso contexto de Norteamérica, por lo que es necesario realizar investigación original sobre evaluación educativa en el contexto nacional y local, sin perder la perspectiva global. Conclusión: Los exámenes de alto impacto tienen efectos positivos y negativos en el currículo, los métodos de enseñanza y las estrategias de aprendizaje. Es necesario hacer un uso prudente y profesional de los resultados de estos exámenes, incorporando el concepto moderno interpretativo de validez para obtener inferencias apropiadas de estos datos.
Effects of horizontal pressure gradients on bed destabilization under waves
Authors: Berni C. , Michallet H. , Barthélemy E. 
Published: January 2017

We report on new experiments designed to investigate bed destabilization processes in a two-dimensional wave flume physical model of a beach. The mobile bed consists of non-cohesive granular material of low density. The wave conditions are provided by repeating a cycle of waves made of two bichromatic groups of different period. The horizontal and vertical velocities are acoustically profiled vertically from free-stream elevation down to the still bed level in the surf zone. Additional measurements of the fluid pressure at positions closely aligned horizontally and vertically in and slightly above the sediment bed are undertaken. Mobile bed interfaces, still bed and top interface, are detected via acoustic and optical methods. Both methods are cross-compared and give similar results. Flow turbulence over the bed is analysed, the Reynolds turbulent shear stress is found negligible compared to the orbital flow induced momentum diffusion. The shear stress and the horizontal pressure gradient are computed at near-bed elevation and used in the bed incipient plug flow model of Sleath (Cont. Shelf Res., vol. 19 (13), 1999, pp. 1643–1664). Both the model and the measurements confirm that destabilization occurs when the non-dimensional pressure gradient (or Sleath number) exceeds the threshold value of 0.3 which is simultaneous with strong flow acceleration. The near-bottom fluid shear stress detected during these flow accelerations at steep wave fronts is found experimentally to be negative, which is retrieved with an unsteady plug flow model. This is suggesting that the fluid above the bed resists the sediment layer motion at these particular phases.
An efficient way to evidence and to measure the metal ion fraction in high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) post-discharge with Pt, Au, Pd and mixed targets
Authors: Cuynet S. , Lecas T. , Caillard A. , Brault P. 
Published: January 2017

The proportion of metal ions in a high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge is key information for the potential development of new materials and new layer architectures deposited by this technique. This paper aims to measure this proportion by using a homemade system consisting of a quartz crystal microbalance and a grid energy analyser assembly. Such a system yields relevant results on the composition of the post-discharge depending on the nature of the gas (Ar, Kr, Xe) and the target materials (Pt, Pd, Au, $\text{Pt}_{50}\text{Au}_{50}$ and $\text{Pt}_{5}\text{Pd}_{95}$). In our conditions, the highest proportion of metal ions in the post-discharge are obtained by using Ar gas and reaches 10 %, 12 %, 50 %, 19 % and 88 % for Pt, Au, Pd, $\text{Pt}_{50}\text{Au}_{50}$ and $\text{Pt}_{5}\text{Pd}_{95}$ targets, respectively.
Slavery in Plato's Allegory of the Cave: Alain Badiou, Jacques Rancière, and the Militant Intellectual from the Global South
Authors: Henao Castro Andrés Fabián 
Published: January 2017

In this article I argue that Plato's allegory of the cave dramatizes democracy's dependency on slavery. Plato's cave forces the theatre, the political space of ancient Greek representation, to confront its material dependency upon a space from which it is otherwise visually and territorially separated: the mines where intensive use was made of slave labor. As many have argued, the most salient aspects of Plato's allegory of the cave are the complete absence oflexis(speech) andpraxis(action), the evacuation of the acoustic and the distortion of the visual. These are also the most decisive features when delimiting the border between the free and the unfree in Greek antiquity:Do you think these prisoners have ever seen anything of themselves and one another besides the shadows that the fire casts on the wall of the cave in front of them? … And if they could engage in discussion with one another, don't you think they would assume that the words they used applied to the things they see passing in front of them?
Existence results for semilinear problems in the two-dimensional hyperbolic space involving critical growth
Authors: Ganguly Debdip , Karmakar Debabrata 
Published: January 2017

We consider semilinear elliptic problems on two-dimensional hyperbolic space. A model problem of our study iswhere H1(𝔹2) denotes the Sobolev space on the disc model of the hyperbolic space and f(x, t) denotes the function of critical growth in dimension 2. We first establish the Palais–Smale (PS) condition for the functional corresponding to the above equation, and using the PS condition we obtain existence of solutions. In addition, using a concentration argument, we also explore existence of infinitely many sign-changing solutions.
Aging Filipino Domestic Workers and the (In)Adequacy of Retirement Provisions in Canada
Authors: Ferrer Ilyan 
Published: January 2017

RÉSUMÉBien que la recherche canadienne sur le travail domestique ait surtout porté sur les expériences immigratoires et migratoires des travailleurs domestiques dans le cadre du Programme concernant les employés de maison étrangers et du Programme des aides familiaux résidants, la recherche est rare sur la retraite de ces travailleurs et la façon dont ils vieillissent dans la société canadienne. Cet article met l’accent sur les expériences de vieillissement des travailleurs domestiques philippins qui, en entrant à la retraite, se retrouvent dans l’économie secondaire et / ou souterraine, tout en fournissant et en recevant des soins de leurs conjoints, petits-enfants et membres locales ou transnationales de leur famille. Les données ont été tirées des six entrevues qualitatives et approfondies avec vieilles domestiques philippines qui a parlé de l’expérience de l’immigration, travail dans la prestation de soins, la retraite et le vieillissement. Les résultats soulignent (1) la pauvreté que les travailleurs domestiques philippins âgés rencontrent quand ils abordent leur retraite ; (2) la nécessité pour mais l’insuffisance des dispositions sur la retraite de l’État ; (3) la nécessité de trouver du travail à la main-d’oeuvre non déclarée ; et (4) comment la pratique d’accompagnement est effectuée, comme une stratégie de survie, entre les générations.
Atlas data indicate forest dependent bird species declines in South Africa
Authors: COOPER TESSA J. G. , WANNENBURGH ANDREW. M. , CHERRY MICHAEL I. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryForest ecosystems in South Africa are at risk from a variety of anthropogenic threats impacting the faunal species dependent on them. These impacts often differ depending on species-specific characteristics. Range data on forest dependent bird species from the South African Bird Atlas Project (SABAP1 and SABAP2) were analysed to determine links between deforestation, species characteristics and range declines. Half of the species studied were found to have declining ranges. Range change data for these species were correlated with data on changes in land cover from 1990 to 2014. To determine which land cover changes affect extinction, occupancy was modelled for 30 sites across South Africa which experienced a loss of more than 10 species. Most species lost were birds of prey or insectivores. Indigenous forest decreased in 17% (n = 5) sites, while plantations/woodlots decreased in 60% (n = 18) sites. Occupancy modelling showed extinction to be mitigated by plantations in 6/28 species, and forest expansion mitigated extinction in 7/28 species. Responses to deforestation did not appear to be related to particular species characteristics. Half of South Africa’s forest-dependent bird species have declining ranges, with the loss of these species most prominent in the Eastern Cape province. Four responses to changes in forest and plantation cover are discussed: direct effects, with forest loss causing species loss; matrix effects, where plantation loss resulted in species loss; degradation of indigenous forest; and the advent of new forest arising from woody thickening caused by carbon fertilisation, which may not result in optimal habitat for forest-dependent birds.
Do Corncrakes Crex crex benefit from unmown refuge strips?
Authors: ARBEITER SUSANNE , HELMECKE ANGELA , BELLEBAUM JOCHEN 
Published: January 2017

SummaryCorncrakes Crex crex mainly breed in grassland, where they are threatened by mowing. Conservation requires delayed mowing or modified mowing methods. In large fields, it has been suggested that leaving strips of uncut grass may reduce mortality, especially of unfledged chicks. We attended mowing operations (2012–2015) in the Lower Oder Valley National Park in north-eastern Germany, where 10-m refuge strips were introduced. We documented the escape behaviour of adults and chicks and their use of refuge strips by observations and radio-telemetry. Flightless chicks crossed significantly shorter distances of mown area (< 20 m) than adults. When mowing from the outside inwards, chicks were not able to successfully escape to the field edge at > 31 m, adults at > 60 m distance to the edge and returned to the unmown block. Twenty-three percent of adults, 30% of families and 49% of independent chicks survived in 10 m-wide strips until such strips were either mown or left as refuges. Whereas adults departed the strips the next day, independent chicks stayed for up to 22 days after mowing in 15–30 m wide refuges. We recommend refuge strips for breeding sites where more effective measures cannot be applied. Farmers face less additional effort and lower financial losses compared with delayed mowing. A width of 10 m should be considered as the absolute minimum, because most birds left the cover already > 10 m for the first time and only wider refuges served as temporary habitat for young.
Applying the ‘Cognitive Bias Modification’ concept to smoking cessation – A Systematic Review
Authors: Mühlig Stephan , Paulick Jeanine , Lindenmeyer Johannes , Rinck Mike , Cina Reto , Wiers Reinout W. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Background: In recent years, new neurocognitive explanatory approaches such as dual-process theories offer significant progress in understanding long-term relapse in substance use disorders. Based on such explanatory concepts stemming from basic research, novel methods of intervention have been deduced which focus on directly changing cognitive biases. The efficacy of these Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) concepts has been evaluated in a growing number of studies in the context of different substance use and addictive disorders. By now, there are also first findings for using CBM in the context of smoking. Objectives: To evaluate the empirical evidence, whether CBM qualifies i) for reducing attentional or approach bias towards smoking-related cues, ii) for effectively reducing the high relapse rates in smoking cessation, iii) for the reduction of smoking behaviour and iv) craving. Methods: The systematic evidence search has been carried out in clinical databases (Cochrane Library, PsycArticles, PSYNDEX, PsycINFO, Medline) as well as via manual reverse search. Finally, 12 studies have been identified which met the inclusion criteria (RCT, CBM interventions for smokers; outcomes: change in attentional or approach bias, craving, number of cigarettes smoked, abstinence). Results: Despite the heterogeneity of the studies in terms of sample selection, realisation of interventions and methodological aspects, the findings collectively indicate that different forms and ‘dosages’ of CBM interventions can influence attentional or approach bias in smokers. Also, positive effects on craving and motivation to quit could be detected. Effects on smoking behaviour are inconsistent and often statistically non-significant. First online applications showed encouraging results. Discussion: The results concerning the efficacy of CBM in smoking cessation are still rudimentary and inconsistent. However, a large portion of the studies was not conducted under naturalistic conditions, but rather in laboratories with non-treatment seekers or participants partially motivated to quit. Despite these limitations, the findings can be evaluated as encouraging. The results suggest that CBM will be implemented in routine care as an adjunct intervention within a behavioural therapy-oriented cessation programme. However, specific studies which assess the efficacy of CBM as a component for relapse prevention in smoking cessation intervention in routine care are still lacking.
Alkoholabstinenz allein verbessert die Leberfunktion und verlängert das Überleben bei der alkoholischen Lebererkrankung!
Authors: Seitz Helmut K. , Arslic-Schmitt Tatjana 
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Im Folgenden soll dargelegt werden, dass Alkoholkarenz sowohl die Leberfunktion als auch das Überleben in jedem Stadium einer alkoholischen Lebererkrankung günstig beeinflusst. Ergebnisse: Täglicher Alkoholkonsum von mehr als 25 Gramm reinen Alkohols, etwas mehr als ¼ Liter Wein beim Mann und etwa die Hälfte bei der Frau sind, mit einem erhöhten Risiko für eine alkoholische Lebererkrankung (ALE) behaftet. Die ALE besteht aus einem breiten Spektrum von histopathologischen Veränderungen. Sie beginnt immer mit einer alkoholischen Fettleber, die sich in eine alkoholische Steatohepatitis weiterentwickeln kann. Fortgeschrittene Formen der ALE beinhalten die Leberfibrose, die Leberzirrhose und das hepatozelluläre Karzinom. In der Behandlung jeder Form der ALE ist die Alkoholabstinenz von zentraler Bedeutung. Ein Großteil der alkoholischen Fettlebern bildet sich unter Alkoholkarenz oder sogar Alkoholreduktion zurück. Die alkoholische Hepatitis, ein klinisches Syndrom mit hoher Mortalität, führt ohne Alkoholkarenz innerhalb von Tagen und Wochen zum Tode. Darüber hinaus ist selbst die Leberfibrose (perivenös und perisinusoidal) unter Alkoholkarenz rückbildungsfähig. Bei allen Formen der fortgeschrittenen ALE (kompensiert und nicht-kompensierte Leberzirrhose) wird die Mortalität durch Alkoholkarenz oder signifikante Reduktion im Gegensatz zum fortgesetzten Alkoholkonsum signifikant verringert. Selbst Patienten mit alkoholischer Leberzirrhose können über mehr als 20 Jahre ohne Komplikationen weiterleben, wenn sie komplett auf Alkohol verzichten. Schlussfolgerung: Im Vergleich zu Leberzirrhose anderer Ätiologie, wie zum Beispiel Zirrhosen, die durch das Hepatitis-B Virus oder das Hepatitis-C Virus verursacht sind, haben alkoholische Leberzirrhosen unter Alkoholkarenz eine wesentlich bessere Prognose. Damit ist Alkoholkarenz eine gute Therapie und der Erfolg jeder anderen neuen Therapie muss mit Alkoholkarenz verglichen werden.
Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6 gains protective function by amplifying enzymatic activity and stability and escapes oxidative stress-induced aberrant Sumoylation
Authors: Chhunchha Bhavana , Kubo Eri , Fatma Nigar , Singh Dhirendra P 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAberrant Sumoylation of protein(s) in response to oxidative stress or during aging is known to be involved in etiopathogenesis of many diseases. Upon oxidative stress, Peroxiredoxin (Prdx) 6 is aberrantly Sumoylated by Sumo1, resulting in loss of functions and cell death. We identified lysines (K) 122 and 142 as the major Sumo1 conjugation sites in Prdx6. Intriguingly, the mutant Prdx6 K122/142 R (arginine) gained protective efficacy, increasing in abundance and promoting glutathione (GSH) peroxidase and acidic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) activities. Using lens epithelial cells derived from targeted inactivation of Prdx6−/− gene and relative enzymatic and stability assays, we discovered dramatic increases in GSH-peroxidase (30%) and aiPLA2 (37%) activities and stability in the K122/142 R mutant, suggesting Sumo1 destabilized Prdx6 integrity. Prdx6−/−LECs with EGFP-Sumo1 transduced or co-expressed with mutant TAT-HA-Prdx6K122/142 R or pGFP-Prdx6K122/142 R were highly resistant to oxidative stress, demonstrating mutant protein escaped and interrupted the Prdx6 aberrant Sumoylation-mediated cell death pathway. Mutational analysis of functional sites showed that both peroxidase and PLA2 active sites were necessary for mutant Prdx6 function, and that Prdx6 phosphorylation (at T177 residue) was essential for optimum PLA2 activity. Our work reveals the involvement of oxidative stress-induced aberrant Sumoylation in dysregulation of Prdx6 function. Mutant Prdx6 at its Sumo1 sites escapes and abates this adverse process by maintaining its integrity and gaining function. We propose that the K122/142R mutant of Prdx6 in the form of a TAT-fusion protein may be an easily applicable intervention for pathobiology of cells related to aberrant Sumoylation signaling in aging or oxidative stress.
Slow cooling and efficient extraction of C-exciton hot carriers in MoS2 monolayer
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Zhuo , Wang Hai-Yu , Grinblat Gustavo , Huang Yu-Li , Wang Dan , Ye Xiao-Hui , Li Xian-Bin , Bao Qiaoliang , Wee AndrewThye-Shen , Maier Stefan A , Chen Qi-Dai , Zhong Min-Lin , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Sun Hong-Bo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn emerging optoelectronic applications, such as water photolysis, exciton fission and novel photovoltaics involving low-dimensional nanomaterials, hot-carrier relaxation and extraction mechanisms play an indispensable and intriguing role in their photo-electron conversion processes. Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted much attention in above fields recently; however, insight into the relaxation mechanism of hot electron-hole pairs in the band nesting region denoted as C-excitons, remains elusive. Using MoS2 monolayers as a model two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide system, here we report a slower hot-carrier cooling for C-excitons, in comparison with band-edge excitons. We deduce that this effect arises from the favourable band alignment and transient excited-state Coulomb environment, rather than solely on quantum confinement in two-dimension systems. We identify the screening-sensitive bandgap renormalization for MoS2 monolayer/graphene heterostructures, and confirm the initial hot-carrier extraction for the C-exciton state with an unprecedented efficiency of 80%, accompanied by a twofold reduction in the exciton binding energy.
EU-Forest, a high-resolution tree occurrence dataset for Europe
Authors: Mauri Achille , Strona Giovanni , San-Miguel-Ayanz Jesús 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present EU-Forest, a dataset that integrates and extends by almost one order of magnitude the publicly available information on European tree species distribution. The core of our dataset (~96% of the occurrence records) came from an unpublished, large database harmonising forest plot surveys from National Forest Inventories on an INSPIRE-compliant 1 km×1 km grid. These new data can potentially benefit several disciplines, including forestry, biodiversity conservation, palaeoecology, plant ecology, the bioeconomy, and pest management.
Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields Enhance the Anti-tumour Effects of the mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus against Melanoma
Authors: Dai Jie , Wu Shan , Kong Yan , Chi Zhihong , Si Lu , Sheng Xinan , Cui Chuanliang , Fang Jing , Zhang Jue , Guo Jun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe PI3K/mTOR/AKT pathway is activated in most melanomas, but mTOR inhibitors used singly have limited activity against advanced melanomas. The application of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) is a promising cancer therapy approach. In this study, we evaluated the synergistic anti-tumour efficacy of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in conjunction with nsPEFs against melanoma. The combined treatment of nsPEFs and everolimus gradually decreased cell growth concurrent with nsPEF intensity. nsPEFs alone or combined with everolimus could promote melanoma cell apoptosis, accompanied with a loss in cellular mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in Ca2+levels.In vivoexperiments showed that a combination of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus and nsPEFs improved the inhibitory effect, and all skin lesions caused by nsPEFs healed in 1 week without any observed adverse effect. Combination treatment induced caspase-dependent apoptosis through the upregulation of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax and downregulation of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2. Everolimus and nsPEFs synergistically inhibited angiogenesis by decreasing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor (VEGFR), and CD34. Our findings indicate that nsPEFs in combination with an mTOR inhibitor can be used as a potential treatment approach for advanced melanoma.