bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcoidosis-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Shlobin Oksana , Baughman Robert 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension (SAPH) is found in 5 to 20% of sarcoidosis patients. Elevated pulmonary artery pressure may be due to multiple factors, including vasculocentric, parenchymal, and mechanical, as well as comorbidities such as cardiac sarcoidosis and sleep apnea. Most SAPH patients have fibrotic lung disease, but SAPH may be present in those without advanced parenchymal lung disease. Several features have been shown to suggest SAPH, including reduced DLCO, shortened 6-minute walk distance, with or without desaturation, and the presence of increased pulmonary artery to aorta ratio on CT scanning. Echocardiography remains an important tool for the evaluation of SAPH but may both over- or underestimate the severity of pulmonary artery pressure. Right heart catheterization remains the definitive test to make the diagnosis. There have been several reports on the value of different modalities of treating SAPH. These include prospective clinical trials and one double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Evidence-based guidelines for treatment of SAPH are discussed in this review.
Congenital Toxoplasmosis: The Unknown Disease Burden of Pregnant Women in Southeast Asia
Authors: Torres Mario , Salibay Steven , Nissapatorn Veeranoot , Salibay Cristina 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCongenital toxoplasmosis (CT) is caused by Toxoplasma gondii which is an Apicomplexa parasite that requires a cat for its sexual cycle and a wide array of warm-blooded animals, including man for its asexual cycle. CT develops due to vertical transmission of the parasite from an infected mother to the child. It is in this manner when the unborn child becomes susceptible to infection. The literature review revealed that 26.0% of infants born from T. gondii infected mother are subclinically infected at birth and 10.0% are either mildly or severely clinically affected, while 3.0% of neonates die. Predominant manifestation of CT is encephalomyelitis, initiated by formation of microglial nodules in the brain. However, the most remarkable classical triad signs of toxoplasmosis are hydrocephalus or microcephalus, intracranial calcification, and retinochoroiditis. Hence, this review focused on the risks of the child from developing CT, the role of the pregnant women on the transmission of the parasite, and the risks of acquiring the parasite by the expectant mothers from Southeast Asia vis-à-vis transmitting the same to the unborn child. Likewise, this review also included the methods used for the diagnosis of CT and its importance in early detection and management of the disease by assessing practical means of controlling the incidence and preventing further transmission of the parasite.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxocara canis Infection in Children (2–15 Years Old) Referred to Health Centers of Lorestan Province, Iran
Authors: Mahmoudvand Hossein , Ebrahimzadeh Farzad , Mirhosseini Mojgan , Faraji Mojgan , Taee Nadereh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxocara canis infection in children (2–15 years old) referred to health centers of Lorestan province, Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed from August 2016 to March 2017 on 316 children. All serum samples were tested using the commercially available anti IgG-Toxocara kit (IBL, Germany) according to manufacturer's instructions. Of the 316 children, 14 (4.4%) tested seropositive for anti-T.canis IgG antibody. The variables used to evaluate association between risk factors and status of anti-T. canis IgG antibodies were age, gender, area of residence, eosinophilia, contact with dogs, and consumption of raw or unwashed vegetables and fruits. Risk factors that were significantly related to T. canis seropositivity included living in rural regions (p = 0.018) and contact with dogs (p = 0.001). However, other demographic and risk factors did not demonstrate any association with T. canis seropositivity. To conclude, we found that T. canis infection is prevalent among children (2–15 years old) referred to health centers of Lorestan province, Iran with an overall seroprevalence rate of 4.4%. These findings may be a warning for health centers to pay special attention to toxocariasis among children (2–15 years old) and design screening programs for its prevention.
Outcomes of an Early Protocol for Dependent Conditioning in Lower Extremity Microsurgical Free Flaps
Authors: Seth Akhil , Diamond Shawn , Iorio Matthew 
Published: July 2017

Background Free tissue transfer is integral to traumatic, oncologic, and diabetic lower limb reconstruction. However, limited data exist on postoperative dependent conditioning or “dangling.” We report our experience utilizing an early pathway for fasciocutaneous flap dangles.
Methods Lower extremity microsurgical reconstructions from December 2014 to December 2016 were reviewed. Postoperative pathway included tissue oximetry and Doppler monitoring. On postoperative day 2, dangling started at 5 minutes three times daily with monitoring for flap congestion, signal loss, or persistent oximetry drop. Dangles were increased daily by 5 minutes per dangle to 20 minutes three times daily.
Results Twenty-six patients underwent lower extremity reconstruction and completed an early dangling protocol with anterolateral thigh (n = 23, 88.5%) or medial sural artery perforator (MSAP, n = 3, 11.5%) flaps. Average age and body mass index (BMI) were 53.6 years and 28.6, respectively. Infection (n = 16), trauma (n = 13), exposed hardware (n = 12), and malignancy (n = 3) were common etiologies with most wounds below the knee (n = 23). Flaps were primarily taken on one perforator (n = 17) with an end-to-end arterial (n = 18) and two venous (n = 16) anastomoses. With an 8.7-month follow-up, partial and complete flap loss rates were each 3.8% (n = 1). Mean hospital stay was 7.9 days (range: 6–12 days) with 84.6% (n = 22) of patients on ambulatory care with assistance on discharge.
Conclusion Lower extremity microsurgical reconstruction can be performed safely and effectively utilizing a standardized postoperative care and dangling pathway. An early, cautious dangle protocol does not increase complications but affords decreased hospital stays and early flap conditioning. In the absence of complicating factors, such as vascular insufficiency, utilizing a defined protocol in these complex patients allows for enhanced, consistent care.
Long-Term Outcome and Secondary Operations after Proximal Row Carpectomy or Four-Corner Arthrodesis
Authors: Williams John , Weiner Hadley , Tyser Andrew 
Published: July 2017

Background Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) and four-corner arthrodesis (FCA) are common surgical procedures used to treat degenerative wrist conditions; however, complications and failures can occur.
Purpose This study aimed to investigate and compare the long-term rate of secondary surgeries including conversion to total wrist arthrodesis in patients who underwent PRC or FCA.
Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent PRC or FCA in the past 20 years at a tertiary referral institution and associated Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital was performed. Patient demographics, comorbidities, surgical indications, and associated complications were tabulated. Patients were contacted via phone to obtain additional follow-up information regarding any additional surgeries, 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (quickDASH) scores, hand dominance, and occupational data.
Results A total of 123 wrists made up the final dataset. Sixty-two wrists treated with PRC and 61 wrists treated with FCA were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 8.2 years. We did not find a significant difference in the rate of conversion to total wrist arthrodesis between the PRC (14.5%) and FCA (19.5%, p = 0.51) cohorts. Secondary operations were significantly greater in the FCA group (34.4%) compared with the PRC group (16.1%, p = 0.02). Females were 2.6 times more likely than males to undergo secondary operations when controlling for surgical procedure and smoking status (p = 0.04). We did not detect a significant difference in VAS pain or in quickDASH scores between the two groups (p = 0.35, 0.48, respectively).
Conclusion PRC and FCA have comparable patient reported outcomes and wrist arthrodesis conversion rates at a mean follow-up of 8.2 years. In contrast, the FCA patient group had a significantly higher rate of secondary operations, including those for nonunion, symptomatic hardware, and other implant-related issues, when combined with wrist arthrodesis conversion.
Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic study.
Unexpected Inflammation in the Sympathetic Ganglia in Thromboangiitis Obliterans
Authors: Farzadnia Mahdi , Ravari Hassan , Masoudian Mitra , Valizadeh Narges , Fazeli Bahare 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to inspect more closely the microscopic and molecular sympathetic ganglia histology in thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO). The paraffin block and frozen RNAlater-treated tissue of the lumbar sympathetic ganglia of 19 TAO Caucasian male patients were evaluated. The gene expression of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) markers in the frozen RNAlater-treated sympathetic ganglia tissues were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Unexpectedly, lymphocyte infiltration was observed in all of the histological sections, ranging from scattered to moderate lymphocyte infiltration. In seven patients, five of them underwent below-knee amputation, neutrophil infiltration was observed in addition to lymphocyte infiltration. The gene expression of the CD8 marker in all of the samples with the expression of CD4 markers in only four tissue samples was demonstrated. The expression of CD8 in comparison to CD4 was approximately 4.37-fold changes using Pfaffle method. It appears that inflammation of the sympathetic ganglia plays a role in the pathophysiology of TAO and its outcome. Sympathetic ganglia inflammation may be responsible for general vasoconstriction, vascular inflammation, and the increased risk of thrombotic events, by activating the platelets. The dominant infiltration of T cytotoxic lymphocytes and neutrophils in sympathetic ganglia may probably support the idea of possible intracellular infectious pathogen trigger for TAO and consequently infiltration of pathogen-specific T cells into the sympathetic ganglia in TAO.
The Effect of Blood Transfusion on Outcomes in Aortic Surgery
Authors: Velasquez Camilo , Singh Mrinal , Bin Mahmood Syed , Brownstein Adam , Zafar Mohammad , Saeyeldin Ayman , Ziganshin Bulat , Elefteriades John 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe use of blood transfusion in cardiac surgery varies widely. The beneficial effects of blood products are offset by an increase in morbidity and mortality. Despite multiple studies showing an association between blood product exposure and adverse short- and long-term events, it is difficult to determine causality. Nevertheless, the implication is sufficient to warrant the search for alternative strategies to reduce the use of blood products while providing a standard of care that optimizes postoperative outcomes. Aortic surgery, in particular, is associated with an increased risk of bleeding requiring a blood transfusion. There is a paucity of evidence within aortic surgery regarding the deleterious effects of blood products. Here, we review the current evidence regarding patient outcomes after blood transfusion in cardiac surgery, with special emphasis on aortic surgery.
Bedeutung der ERBB-Rezeptorfamilie beim Urothelkarzinom der Harnblase: mRNA-Expression und prognostische Relevanz
Authors: Erben Philipp , Wezel Felix , Wirtz Ralph , Martini Thomas , Stein Doron , Weis Cleo-Aaron , Hartmann Arndt , Bolenz Christian 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Es sind widersprüchliche Ergebnisse zur (Über)-Expression der Epidermalen Wachstumsfaktoren (ERBB1 – 4) Rezeptoren beim Urothelkarzinom der Harnblase (UCB) beschrieben. EGFR (ERBB1) und HER2 (ERBB2) stellen interessante und bereits bei anderen Entitäten etablierte therapeutische Zielstrukturen dar. Wir untersuchten die Expression von ERBB 1 – 4 auf mRNA-Ebene.
Material und Methoden 94 Patienten (w = 22; m = 72; medianes Alter: 66,5 (39 – 88) wurden retrospektiv analysiert. In Zystektomiepräparaten wurde die Expression der ERBB-Familie (ERBB1 – 4) auf RNA-Ebene nach Extraktion aus Formalin-fixiertem und Paraffin-eingebettetem Gewebe bestimmt. Die Genexpression wurde mittels Partitionstest, univariable und multivariable Regressionsanalysen in Assoziation mit histopathologischen Parametern, dem rezidivfreien (RFS) und krebsspezifischen Überleben (CSS) untersucht. Das mediane Follow up betrug 28,2 Monate (0,6 – 139).
Ergebnisse Unter Verwendung des für das CSS etablierten Cut off Levels wurde eine Überexpression bei 18 % (ERBB3), 39 % (EGFR), 34 % (HER2, ERBB2), und 30 % (ERBB4) der Patienten beobachtet. In der univariablen Analyse zeigten eine hohe HER2 – (ERBB2-) Expression (p = 0,014), ein höheres pT-Stadium (p = 0,012), ein positiver pN-Status (p = 0,0002) und eine hohe ERBB4-Expression (p = 0,012) eine signifikante Assoziation mit dem RFS. Eine niedrige HER2 – (ERBB2-) Expression (p = 0,042) und ein pN0-Status (p = 0,0003) waren signifikant mit einem längeren CSS assoziiert. Ein positiver pN-Status (p = 0,0011) und eine hohe ERBB4-Expression (p = 0,0073) waren unabhängige Prognosefaktoren für ein reduziertes RFS. Ein positiver pN-Status (p = 0,0016) war ein unabhängiger Prognosefaktor für ein reduziertes CSS.
Schlussfolgerungen Eine hohe HER2-Expression ist mit einem reduzierten krankheitsspezifischen Überleben bei Patienten mit UCB nach radikaler Zystektomie assoziiert, zeigte jedoch keinen unabhängigen Prognosewert. Weitere Studien müssen klären, welche Patienten von einer zielgerichteten Therapie gegen HER2 (ERBB2) profitieren könnten.
Constructing cooperative and antagonistic intercorporeality
Authors: Vine Elaine W. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The focus of this paper is on what constitutes cooperative intercorporeality and what constitutes antagonistic intercorporeality in the context of rugby union, a sport that involves frequent heavy body contact. This focus is explored through the lens of how professional rugby union referees control the enactment of this professional sport on the field. The paper investigates how referees in rugby union use talk and other action (e.g. whistle, body movement and positioning in space, gesture) in controlling professional matches, that is, “doing refereeing”. It explores the construction of cooperative and antagonistic intercorporeality through a multimodal analysis of the organization and negotiation of refereeing by referees and players.
Intercorporeal (re)enaction
Authors: Evans Bryn 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Sports coaching scholars increasingly understand coaching as a socio-pedagogical activity consisting of social interactions between coaches and athletes that aim to teach and improve skills and competencies. Coach feedback for the purpose of correcting player performance is a core feature of this activity, but coaching scholarship exploring the fine-grained organization of coaching corrections remains minimal. This chapter examines how correction events in basketball training are interactionally organized via participants’ mobilization of sequential embodied and linguistic resources. The analysis centres on the participants’ collaborative production and use of reenactments as a means of correcting player conduct, illuminating how the coach and players collaborate to configure an intercorporeal context that enables players to see and feel problematic performances and their correct alternatives.
White, Burke and the “literary” nature of historical controversies
Authors: Tozzi Verónica 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this article, my aim is to investigate the contributions that literary theory, as a theory of each and every type of general discursive construction, can offer to shed light on the nature of historiographical controversies, not only in relation to the difficulty of consensual resolution but to the undesirability of agreeing on a single account of the past. This diagnosis, we can assert, is general and shared; nobody argues, in social sciences and humanities, in favor of the search for a unified theory, or a single account. The question is how to account for the plurality and diversity of interpretations in conflict, and the consequences of this plurality for research itself.
Rhetorical analysis of health risk discourse
Authors: García Javier Nespereira 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper is part of my research on public health crisis communication. I have studied the discursive strategies at play in the case of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic within the framework of rhetoric and argumentation theory. Here, I analyse two opposing speeches given at the turning point of the 2009 pandemic crisis: the hearing in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe on the management of the pandemic by WHO (World Health Organization).
The aim of my study is to highlight the rhetorical nature of public trust as the central attribute of public health institutions’ professional identity. In other words, how these factors – trust and identity – are constructed using arguments, such as the argument from authority or the precautionary principle, and the narratives that give meaning to these arguments.
The (re)construction of gender roles in the genre of song
Authors: Filardo-Llamas Laura 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This chapter follows recent trends in CDA and adopts a constructivist, cognitive and multimodal approach to discourse analysis. I focus on the study of songs to analyse how discursive mechanisms are used to fight commonly held beliefs about female identity. The songs selected, taken from a wider corpus, attempt to fight domestic violence and/or try to empower women. In some of them, we can observe how a new identity is constructed while in others we observe that gender stereotypes, and the patriarchal beliefs upon which they are based, are still subtly maintained. In most cases, we can see that the songs are characterised by vague discursive constructions which are only meaningful in context.
Totallyorslightlydifferent?
Authors: Hessner Tanja , Gawlitzek Ira 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSince the late twentieth century, the usage of intensifiers, such asabsolutely,veryorslightly, has been investigated in relation to gender. Whereas previous literature has widely agreed that women and men do indeed use intensifiers differently, there has been some disagreement as to which gender uses them more frequently. Taking up this discussion, this study explores authentic data provided in the Spoken BNC2014S by investigating 39 intensifiers. After establishing the ten most frequently used intensifiers by women and men, these are subcategorized and investigated for gender and age effects. The results generally support earlier findings, however, they also illustrate that there is much interindividual variation and variation regarding individual intensifiers and that there are fascinating interactions with other variables such as age.
Sociolinguistic variation at the grammatical/discourse level
Authors: Calude Andreea S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper brings together the study of sociolinguistic variation and the area of grammatical analysis by investigating demonstrative cleft constructions in spoken British English such asThat’s what I wanted to talk aboutandThis is where I saw him. Using the Spoken BNC2014S, I ask whether speaker characteristics, including gender, age, education and occupation, might be correlated with the use of demonstrative clefts and with various aspects of their structure (preference for the distal or proximal demonstrative pronoun, use of negative polarity, and use of stance adverbs). Findings suggest that in British English, demonstrative cleft use is more likely to be present in the speech of male compared to female speakers, working adults in higher-skilled occupations compared to semi-skilled adults, and in adults of middle age compared to younger adults. This work shows that even highly abstract grammatical constructions can be sensitive to speaker preferences and linguistic communicative style.
The relationship between physical activity, fitness, physical complaints and BMI in German adults – results of a longitudinal study
Authors: Tittlbach Susanne A. , Jekauc Darko , Schmidt Steffen C. E. , Woll Alexander , Bös Klaus 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectives: This study's aims were to describe the development of physical activity, physical fitness (PF), subjective (physical complaints (PC)) and objective (Body mass index (BMI)) health measures and to examine the relationship between the development trajectories. In addition, the study also aimed to assess the influence of sociodemographic determinants (age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES)) in German adults over a period of 18 years. Methods: The longitudinal study population comprises of 721 men and women, aged 33–76 years over the study period. There was self‐report of physical activity and PC and testing of physical fitness and BMI in each study year (1992, 1997, 2002 and 2010). Latent growth curve models were used to analyse the development. Results: Physical activity slightly increased while fitness, PC and BMI worsened over the course of 18 years. Sex, age and SES play important roles concerning physical activity, fitness and health. Several integrative associations could be detected between physical activity, fitness, PC and BMI as well as their trajectories. In particular, high initial levels of physical activity and fitness protect from high PC and BMI.The slope of physical activity was not significantly associated with slopes of fitness, PC and BMI. However, increase of fitness resulted in decrease of PC. Conclusions: A general positive development regarding the amount of physical activity could be detected. However, if it is only an unsystematic increase of physical activity, this is not in itself enough to achieve health benefits. The strengthening of fitness should be focused when increasing physical activity, since only then a health benefit is possible.
Static versus dynamic kinematics in cyclists: A comparison of goniometer, inclinometer and 3D motion capture
Authors: Holliday W. , Fisher J. , Theo R. , Swart J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractKinematic measurements conducted during bike set‐ups utilise either static or dynamic measures. There is currently limited data on reliability of static and dynamic measures nor consensus on which is the optimal method. The aim of the study was to assess the difference between static and dynamic measures of the ankle, knee, hip, shoulder and elbow. Nineteen subjects performed three separate trials for a 10‐min duration at a fixed workload (70% of peak power output). Static measures were taken with a standard goniometer (GM), an inclinometer (IM) and dynamic three‐dimensional motion capture (3DMC) using an eight camera motion capture system. Static and dynamic joint angles were compared over the three trials to assess repeatability of the measurements and differences between static and dynamic values. There was a positive correlation between GM and IM measures for all joints. Only the knee, shoulder and elbow were positively correlated between GM and 3DMC, and IM and 3DMC. Although all three instruments were reliable, 3D motion analysis utilised different landmarks for most joints and produced different means. Changes in knee flexion angle from static to dynamic are attributable to changes in the positioning of the foot. Controlling for this factor, the differences are negated. It was demonstrated that 3DMC is not interchangeable with GM and IM, and it is recommended that 3DMC develop independent reference values for bicycle configuration.