bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and awareness of sacroiliac joint alterations on lumbar spine CT in low back pain patients younger than 40 years
Authors: Klang Eyal , Lidar Merav , Lidar Zvi , Aharoni Dvora , Eshed Iris 
Published: July 2016

Background Computed tomography (CT) examinations of the lumbar spine are commonly performed in patients aged ≤40 years due to low back pain (LBP). Purpose To investigate the prevalence and awareness of radiologists for the presence of structural post-inflammatory/other sacroiliac joint (SIJ) alterations on lumbar spine CTs of young patients with LBP. Material and Methods A total of 484 lumbar spine CT examinations (272 men, 212 women; average age, 31 years; age range, 18–40 years) of patients with LBP in which the entire SIJs were visualized were retrospectively reviewed. SIJs were scored (consensus) by two senior radiologists (study reading) for the presence of post-inflammatory structural SIJ findings or other SIJs alterations. The original reports were compared to the study reading. Fifty CT examinations were re-evaluated for reliability assessment (intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC]). Results A total of 150 (31%) abnormal SIJ examinations were registered (ICC: r = 0.7–0.8; P < 0.0001): suspected sacroiliitis = 50 (10.2%); definite sacroiliitis = 16 (3.3%); osteitis-condensans-ilii = 38 (7.8%); diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis = 24 (5%); degenerative changes = 22 (4.5%); accessory SIJ = 22 (4.5%); and tumor = 1. The SIJs were referenced 39 times (8.0%) in the original readings: pathological findings (n = 15); and normal SIJ (n = 24). Total diagnostic accuracy for these reports only and for the entire readings were 49% and 69%, respectively, and 13% and 1.3%, respectively, for the pathological findings. Conclusion Sacroiliitis and other SIJ alterations are prevalent in young individuals with LBP, albeit, the majority of these alterations are not recognized nor reported by senior radiologists thus may delay efficacious treatment.
Unique Characteristics of the Photoparoxysmal Response in Patients With Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 2
Authors: Albert Dara V. , Yin Han , De Los Reyes Emily C. , Vidaurre Jorge 
Published: July 2016

Objective: The objective was to identify unique features of the photoparoxysmal response seen in patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 as compared to patients with a photoparoxysmal response associated with other epilepsy syndromes. Methods: Electroencephalograms from patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 seen at the authors’ institution in the past 10 years as well as electroencephalograms (EEGs) reported to have a photoparoxysmal response during a single year were reviewed. Results: A photoparoxysmal response was seen in 60% of the patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2. This was most commonly seen with low frequency intermittent photic stimulation (76%) which often occurred in a time-locked fashion (63%) and was seen on the patient’s initial EEG (78%). A unique pattern the authors called “sentinel” discharge was identified in 30% of EEGs in patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Conclusions: Photoparoxysmal responses in patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 have features which are distinguishing from photoparoxysmal responses seen in other epilepsies.
Evaluation of a Pharmacist and Nurse Practitioner Smoking Cessation Program
Authors: Afzal Zubair , Pogge Elizabeth , Boomershine Virginia 
Published: July 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a smoking cessation program led by a pharmacist and a nurse practitioner. Methods: During a 6-month period, patients attended 7 one-on-one face-to-face smoking cessation counseling sessions with a pharmacist and 1 to 2 one-on-one face-to-face smoking cessation counseling sessions with a nurse practitioner. The primary outcome was smoking cessation point prevalence rates at months 1, 3, and 5 post-quit date. Secondary outcomes included medication adherence rates at months 1, 3, and 5 post-quit date, nicotine dependence at baseline versus program end, and patient satisfaction. Results: Nine (47%) of 19 total participants completed the program. Seven of the 9 patients who completed the program were smoke-free upon study completion. Point prevalence rates at months 1, 3, and 5 post-quit date were 66%, 77%, and 77%, respectively, based on patients who completed the program. Medication adherence rates were 88.6%, 54.6%, and 75% at months 1, 3, and 5 post-quit date, respectively. Based on the Fagerstrom test, nicotine dependence decreased from baseline to the end of the study, 4.89 to 0.33 ( P < .001). Overall, participants rated the program highly. Conclusion: A joint pharmacist and nurse practitioner smoking cessation program can assist patients in becoming smoke-free.
Landscaping Teaching and Training of Urban Health as a Part of Health Professional Education in India
Authors: Zodpey Sanjay , Tiwari Ritika 
Published: July 2016

Introduction India’s urban population will be doubled from 377 million in 2011 to 915 million in 2050. Such rapid urban growth may lead to several problems by affecting the economy, environment and the society at large. These problems further affect the health vulnerability in urban areas. Thus, there exists a need for health workforce equipped with the knowledge and skills to meet the urban health challenges. Objectives To undertake the landscaping of teaching and training of urban health as a part of health professional courses and to undertake mapping of specific training programmes related to urban health in India. Methodology A curriculum scan of various health professional courses in India ranging from medicine, dentistry, allied health, Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH), nursing to public health was undertaken related to teaching and training of urban health. An exclusive search was also carried out for identifying urban health-specific training programmes being offered in India. Results As per the curriculum scan, current health professional courses being offered in India have a very little focus on urban health. It was observed that various cross-cutting issues related to urban health are not adequately addressed in the current curricula. Also the curricula of these health professional courses have not clearly spelt out the desired urban health competencies. Few institutions in India offer short-term training programmes specific to urban health issues. Conclusion Considering the growing urban health population, it is critical that the curricula of health professional courses comprehensively incorporate adequate content regarding urban health and related issues. Curricula should be designed on the basis of clearly spelt out urban health competencies. There is a need to design specific short-term training programmes covering various aspects of urban health. Some of the institutions offering public health programmes, especially Masters in Public Health (MPH) programme, should dwell on developing urban health track as a specialization of MPH programmes.
A Multimodal Mindfulness Training to Address Mental Health Symptoms in Providers Who Care for and Interact With Children in Relation to End-of-Life Care
Authors: O’Mahony Sean , Gerhart James , Abrams Ira , Greene Michelle , McFadden Rory , Tamizuddin Sara , Levy Mitchell M. 
Published: July 2016

Aim:Medical providers may face unique emotional challenges when confronted with the suffering of chronically ill, dying, and bereaved children. This study assessed the preliminary outcomes of participation in a group-based multimodal mindfulness training pilot designed to reduce symptoms of burnout and mental health symptoms in providers who interact with children in the context of end-of-life care.Methods:A total of 13 medical providers who care for children facing life-threatening illness or bereaved children participated in a 9-session multimodal mindfulness session. Mental health symptoms and burnout were assessed prior to the program, at the program midpoint, and at the conclusion of the program.Results:Participation in the pilot was associated with significant reductions in depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among providers ( P < .05).Conclusion:Mindfulness-based programs may help providers recognize and address symptoms of depression and PTSD. Additional research is needed to enhance access and uptake of programming among larger groups of participants.
Real-time teleophthalmology versus face-to-face consultation: A systematic review
Authors: Tan Irene J , Dobson Lucy P , Bartnik Stephen , Muir Josephine , Turner Angus W 
Published: July 2016

Introduction Advances in imaging capabilities and the evolution of real-time teleophthalmology have the potential to provide increased coverage to areas with limited ophthalmology services. However, there is limited research assessing the diagnostic accuracy of face-to-face teleophthalmology consultation. This systematic review aims to determine if real-time teleophthalmology provides comparable accuracy to face-to-face consultation for the diagnosis of common eye health conditions. Methods A search of PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane databases and manual citation review was conducted on 6 February and 7 April 2016. Included studies involved real-time telemedicine in the field of ophthalmology or optometry, and assessed diagnostic accuracy against gold-standard face-to-face consultation. The revised quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2) tool assessed risk of bias. Results Twelve studies were included, with participants ranging from four to 89 years old. A broad number of conditions were assessed and include corneal and retinal pathologies, strabismus, oculoplastics and post-operative review. Quality assessment identified a high or unclear risk of bias in patient selection (75%) due to an undisclosed recruitment processes. The index test showed high risk of bias in the included studies, due to the varied interpretation and conduct of real-time teleophthalmology methods. Reference standard risk was overall low (75%), as was the risk due to flow and timing (75%). Conclusion In terms of diagnostic accuracy, real-time teleophthalmology was considered superior to face-to-face consultation in one study and comparable in six studies. Store-and-forward image transmission coupled with real-time videoconferencing is a suitable alternative to overcome poor internet transmission speeds.
DNA repair of myeloma plasma cells correlates with clinical outcome: the effect of the nonhomologous end-joining inhibitor SCR7
Authors: Gkotzamanidou Maria , Terpos Evangelos , Bamia Christina , Munshi Nikhil C. , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Souliotis Vassilis L. 
Published: July 2016

Key Points
Responders to melphalan therapy are characterized by slower rates of NER and DSB/R mechanisms and higher apoptotic rates. The DSB/R inhibitor SCR7 enhances cytotoxicity of melphalan against myeloma plasma cells.
Road collisions avoidance using vehicular cyber-physical systems: a taxonomy and review
Authors: Riaz Faisal , Niazi Muaz A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRoad traffic is known to have its own complex dynamics. One implication of complexity is that road traffic collisions have become an unwelcome but unavoidable part of human life. One of the major causes of collisions is the human factor. While car manufacturers have been focusing on developing feasible solutions for autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles to replace or assist human drivers, the proposed solutions have been designed only for individual vehicles. The road traffic, however, is an interaction-oriented system including complex flows. Such a system requires a complex systems approach to solving this problem as it involves considering not only pedestrians, road environment, but also road traffic which can include multiple vehicles. Recent research has demonstrated that large-scale autonomous vehicular traffic can be better modeled using a collective approach as proposed in the form of vehicular cyber-physical systems (VCPS) such as given by Li et al. (IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 23(9):1775–1789, 2012) or Work et al. (Automotive cyber physical systems in the context of human mobility. In: National workshop on high-confidence automotive cyber-physical systems, Troy, MI, 2008). To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no comprehensive review of collision avoidance in the VCPS. In this paper, we present a comprehensive literature review of VCPS from the collision-avoidance perspective. The review includes a careful selection of articles from highly cited sources presented in the form of taxonomy. We also highlight open research problems in this domain.
Apical termination of root canal procedures—ambiguity or disambiguation?
Authors: Gutmann James L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe issues of working length determination, its apical extent, and the position of the final root canal filling have been controversial, as differing points of view have existed between the biologically based and clinically based endodontic gurus regarding this concept for decades. Coupled with the following issues, it has become somewhat of an empirical bastion for clinicians, especially those in the limelight or who use social media to augment their clinical prowess: (1) the variable anatomy of the root apex; (2) where to terminate canal enlarging and shaping apically; (3) status of the accessory communications apically; (4) size of the apical preparation; (5) ability to debride the apical extent of the root canal and remove both bacteria and biofilm; (6) response of the periapical tissues, when both vital and necrotic, to the intracanal filling materials and techniques that may impinge on these tissues; and (7) long-term outcomes and assessments of the procedures rendered. For purposes of succinctness, the concept of working length, the apical position of instrument termination, and the position of the final filling will be addressed simultaneously in this paper.
A vulnerability paradox in the cross-national prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Dückers Michel L. A. , Alisic Eva , Brewin Chris R. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundDeterminants of cross-national differences in the prevalence of mental illness are poorly understood.AimsTo test whether national post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rates can be explained by (a) rates of exposure to trauma and (b) countries' overall cultural and socioeconomic vulnerability to adversity.MethodWe collected general population studies on lifetime PTSD and trauma exposure, measured using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (DSM-IV). PTSD prevalence was identified for 24 countries (86 687 respondents) and exposure for 16 countries (53 038 respondents). PTSD was predicted using exposure and vulnerability data.ResultsPTSD is related positively to exposure but negatively to country vulnerability. Together, exposure, vulnerability and their interaction explain approximately 75% of variance in the national prevalence of PTSD.ConclusionsContrary to expectations based on individual risk factors, we identified a paradox whereby greater country vulnerability is associated with a decreased, rather than increased, risk of PTSD for its citizens.
Nonadherence to Oral Medications for Chronic Conditions in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Yang Jingyan , Neugut Alfred I. , Wright Jason D. , Accordino Melissa , Hershman Dawn L. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose: Nonadherence to oral endocrine therapy is common among women with breast cancer (BC). Less is known about nonadherence to medications for other chronic conditions among survivors of BC. Methods: We used the MarketScan Database to identify women older than 18 years who had nonmetastatic BC diagnosed between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2013. Prescriptions were identified for the following six non–cancer-related conditions: hypertension, thyroid disease, hyperlipidemia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. The study period was defined as 1 year before BC diagnosis (index date) through 1.5 years after the index date, with a 6-month washout period after the index data to control for adherence during the preoperative period and during chemotherapy if necessary. Adherence was defined as a medication possession ratio ≥ 80%. Change in adherence was defined as a 20% decrease in the medication possession ratio from the time before diagnosis compared with after treatment. Factors associated with change in adherence were evaluated in multivariable logistic models. Results: Among 36,149 patients diagnosed with BC, the average adherence to these medications before BC was 91.4%. However, after BC treatment, adherence decreased to 77.9% (P < .001). Looking at drugs for each condition, nonadherence ranged from 15.6% to 38% (P < .001). Factors associated with an increase in nonadherence included older age, insurance type, number of medications, and comorbid conditions. Conclusion: Decreased adherence to medications for chronic diseases was found in the first year after breast cancer treatment. Breast cancer survivors may need additional interventions to improve their adherence to their medications for chronic conditions.
COPI is essential for Golgi cisternal maturation and dynamics
Authors: Ishii Midori , Suda Yasuyuki , Kurokawa Kazuo , Nakano Akihiko 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are transported to the Golgi and then sorted to their destinations. For their passage through the Golgi, one widely accepted mechanism is cisternal maturation. Cisternal maturation is fulfilled by the retrograde transport of Golgi-resident proteins from later to earlier cisternae, and candidate carriers for this retrograde transport are coat protein complex I (COPI)-coated vesicles. We examined the COPI function in cisternal maturation directly by 4D observation of the transmembrane Golgi-resident proteins in living yeast cells. COPI temperature-sensitive mutants and induced degradation of COPI proteins were used to knockdown COPI function. For both methods, inactivation of COPI subunits Ret1 and Sec21 markedly impaired the transition from cis to medial and to trans cisternae. Furthermore, the movement of cisternae within the cytoplasm was severely restricted when COPI subunits were depleted. Our results demonstrate the essential roles of COPI proteins in retrograde trafficking of the Golgi-resident proteins and dynamics of the Golgi cisternae.
A Nonparametric Joint Assortment and Price Choice Model
Authors: Jagabathula Srikanth , Rusmevichientong Paat 
Published: July 2016

The selection of products and prices offered by a firm significantly impacts its profits. Existing approaches do not provide flexible models that capture the joint effect of assortment and price. We propose a nonparametric framework in which each customer is represented by a particular price threshold and a particular preference list over the alternatives. The customers follow a two-stage choice process; they consider the set of products with prices less than the threshold and choose the most preferred product from the set considered. We develop a tractable nonparametric expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to fit the model to the aggregate transaction data and design an efficient algorithm to determine the profit-maximizing combination of offer set and price. We also identify classes of pricing structures of increasing complexity, which determine the computational complexity of the estimation and decision problems. Our pricing structures are naturally expressed as business constraints, allowing a manager to trade off pricing flexibility with computational burden.This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Risk in a Large Claims Insurance Market with Bipartite Graph Structure
Authors: Kley Oliver , Klüppelberg Claudia , Reinert Gesine 
Published: July 2016

We model the influence of sharing large exogeneous losses to the reinsurance market by a bipartite graph. Using Pareto-tailed claims and multivariate regular variation we obtain asymptotic results for the value-at-risk and the conditional tail expectation. We show that the dependence on the network structure plays a fundamental role in their asymptotic behaviour. As is well known in a nonnetwork setting, if the Pareto exponent is larger than 1, then for the individual agent (reinsurance company) diversification is beneficial, whereas when it is less than 1, concentration on a few objects is the better strategy.An additional aspect of this paper is the amount of uninsured losses that are covered by society. In our setting of networks of agents, diversification is never detrimental to the amount of uninsured losses. If the Pareto-tailed claims have finite mean, diversification is never detrimental, to society or individual agents. By contrast, if the Pareto-tailed claims have infinite mean, a conflicting situation may arise between the incentives of individual agents and the interest of some regulator to keep the risk for society small. We explain the influence of the network structure on diversification effects in different network scenarios.
Carrying capacity of U.S. agricultural land: Ten diet scenarios
Authors: Peters Christian J. , Picardy Jamie , Darrouzet-Nardi Amelia F. , Wilkins Jennifer L. , Griffin Timothy S. , Fick Gary W. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Strategies for environmental sustainability and global food security must account for dietary change. Using a biophysical simulation model we calculated human carrying capacity under ten diet scenarios. The scenarios included two reference diets based on actual consumption and eight “Healthy Diet” scenarios that complied with nutritional recommendations but varied in the level of meat content. We considered the U.S. agricultural land base and accounted for losses, processing conversions, livestock feed needs, suitability of land for crops or grazing, and land productivity. Annual per capita land requirements ranged from 0.13 to 1.08 ha person-1 year-1 across the ten diet scenarios. Carrying capacity varied from 402 to 807 million persons; 1.3 to 2.6 times the 2010 U.S. population. Carrying capacity was generally higher for scenarios with less meat and highest for the lacto-vegetarian diet. However, the carrying capacity of the vegan diet was lower than two of the healthy omnivore diet scenarios. Sensitivity analysis showed that carrying capacity estimates were highly influenced by starting assumptions about the proportion of cropland available for cultivated cropping. Population level dietary change can contribute substantially to meeting future food needs, though ongoing agricultural research and sustainable management practices are still needed to assure sufficient production levels.
Mathematical Model for the Formaldehyde Emission from Wood Composites
Authors: Meng Mianwu , Hong Wei 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Because of the possibility of harmful formaldehyde emissions from industrial-produced wood composites, the influence of temperature, relative humidity, and frequency of ventilation on formaldehyde emission from particleboard, plywood and fiberboard respectively, were investigated in this article. An improved generally applicable model for calculating the formaldehyde emission from wood composites was established by using the iteration method, a double exponential attenuation model, and mass transfer theory. The model parameters for the emission of formaldehyde from wood composites are also discussed in this article. It is concluded that a high-temperature or high-humidity environment will promote the emission of formaldehyde from wood composites. The process of emission of formaldehyde from wood composites can be divided into quick-release, slow-release, and release saturation phases. The formaldehyde concentration can be predicted from the formaldehyde mathematical model, and the maximum difference between observed and predicted formaldehyde concentrations is less than 15 percent under different general environmental conditions.