bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Non-Simultaneous Optic Neuropathy and Unilateral Macular Edema in a Patient with Poems Syndrome
Authors: Gutiérrez-Ortiz C. , Castro-Rebollo M. , Pareja J. , Beckford C. , Teus M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of bilateral non-simultaneous optic neuropathy and unilateral macular edema in a patient with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome. Methods A 61-year-old man with POEMS syndrome had bilateral anterior optic neuropathy and unilateral macular edema. Results Visual field testing showed bilateral superior altitudinal field defect. Fluorescein angiography revealed unilateral pooling of fluid consistent with cystoid macular edema. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed bilateral loss of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein values were normal. The serum vascular growth factor measurement was elevated. Conclusions This is the first reported case of ophthalmoscopic, angiographic, and OCT evidence of non-simultaneous optic neuropathy and macular edema in this syndrome. The increased vascular permeability could explain all these factors.
Repeat Penetrating Keratoplasty: Indications and Prognosis, 1995–2005
Authors: Yalniz-Akkaya Zuleyha , Nurozler Ayse Burcu , Yildiz Elvin Hatice , Onat Mustafa , Budak Koray , Duman Sunay 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the data of penetrating keratoplasty over a 10-year period and to compare indications and outcomes of eyes undergoing single graft with those of eyes requiring regrafting. Methods A total of 652 eyes of 613 patients required single graft (Group I). Sixty-one regrafts were performed on 53 eyes (Group II). The mean follow-up time was 23.4±21.3 months (range 6–132 months). The results were evaluated for the following criteria: primary indications, allograft reactions, graft clarity, final postoperative visual acuity, and complications leading to reduction in vision. Results The most common indication was keratoconus (228 eyes; 35.0%) in Group I, and vascularized corneal scar (12 eyes; 22.6%) in Group II. Allograft reactions occurred in 96 eyes (14.7%) in Group I, and 17 eyes (32.0%) in Group II (p=0.001). At the end of the study period, 76.4% of patients in Group I had entirely clear grafts, whereas 45.3% of patients in Group II had entirely clear grafts (p=0.000). The main causes of corneal graft failure were irreversible allograft reaction, endothelial failure, and graft infection, which were all seen in higher percentage in the regraft group. A best-corrected visual acuity of 20/100 or better was achieved in 377 eyes (57.8%) in Group I and 11 eyes (20.7%) in Group II (p=0.000). Conclusions The complications of repeated surgery may reduce final graft clarity and visual acuity; the disease process necessitating regrafting may carry a poorer prognosis for sight.
Evaluating a New Disc Staging Scale for Glaucomatous Damage: The Ability to Detect Change over Time
Authors: Henderer Jeffrey D. , Wang Yun , Bayer Atilla , Altangerel Undraa , Schwartz Louis , Schmidt Courtland 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To assess the ability of Disc Damage Likelihood Scale (DDLS) in detecting glaucomatous changes in the optic nerve on sequential optic disc stereo-photographs as compared with three other different cup/disc grading systems (C/D). Methods Eighty-three pairs of stereo-photographs with a minimum of 5-year follow-up were examined by one group of three observers masked to chronological order by using their clinical expertise. Their conclusions were considered gold standard. Another group of three glaucoma experts examined the same masked pairs to evaluate glaucomatous changes using four different optic nerve grading systems: DDLS, vertical, horizontal, and maximal cup/disc. Ratings of these four methods in the second group were then compared with the gold standard. Results Baseline and follow-up photographs of 83 eyes were included. Mean follow-up was 6 years. The sensitivities for detecting glaucomatous nerve changes were 71.4%, 63.9%, 66.7%, and 47.2% for DDLS, vertical, horizontal, and maximal cup/disc, respectively. The specificity for finding nerve change was 70.9%, 51.1%, 40.4%, and 48.9%, respectively. The proportion of photographs identified as showing glaucomatous changes differed significantly between the DDLS and vertical C/D (VCD) (χ2=7.900, p=0.005), between the DDLS and horizontal C/D (HCD) (χ2=13.89, p=0.000), and between DDLS and maximum C/D (MCD) (χ2=4.192, p=0.041). The largest area (74.4%) under the receiver operator characteristic curve was obtained by using the DDLS. Conclusions DDLS had higher sensitivity and specificity for detecting glaucomatous changes versus the other three C/Ds when considering sequential stereo-photographs.
Dirofilaria Repens in the Eyelid: Case Report of Subcutaneous Manifestation
Authors: Mannino Giuseppe , Contestabile Maria Teresa , Medori Edoardo Maria , Mannino Cristina , Enrici Maurizio Maurizi , Marangi Massimo , Rossi Patrizia 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The authors report a case of eyelid subcutaneous filariasis. Methods Thorough history, eye examination, surgical intervention, and parasitologic analysis. Results An adult Dirofilaria repens worm was extracted from the right upper eyelid in a man living in Italy presenting to our department with lid swelling. Conclusions Due to increasing migration of populations to Europe, rare manifestations of ocular filariasis are becoming more common. Surgery was both diagnostic and therapeutic.
Fungal Scleral Keratitis and Endophthalmitis following Pterygium Excision
Authors: Peponis Vasileios , Rosenberg Pinchas , Chalkiadakis Spyridon E. , Insler Michael , Amariotakis Apostolos 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The authors report a case of fungal scleral keratitis and endophthalmitis as a complication of pterygium surgery. Methods Case presentation. Results A 46-year old woman underwent pterygium excision with topical use of intraoperative mitomycin C. By day 21 after excision, scleral melting was followed by fungal keratitis. Endophthalmitis ensued, which rapidly progressed, despite surgical and medical interventions. The eye was finally enucleated to prevent fungaemia. Pathology revealed a highly disorganized eye with disruption of scleral collagen in the area of scleral melting. Conclusions Fungal keratitis and scleral melting are rare but devastating complications of pterygium surgery with adjuvant use of mitomycin C.
Basic Research Conducted on Alloplant Biomaterials
Authors: Muldashev E.R. , Muslimov S.A. , Nigmatullin R.T. , Kiiko Y.I. , Galimova V.U. , Salikhov A.Y. , Selsky N.E. , Bulatov R.T. , Musina L.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To reduce antigenicity of allografts and stimulate their replacement by natural recipient tissues. Methods Experimental allotransplantation of different tissues (fascias, tendons, derma, fat, etc.) with histological, histochemical, electron microscopical, electron histochemical examination 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 360 days postoperatively. Results Allografts of different tissues with glucosaminoglycans extracted from collagen fibers have low antigenicity and can be replaced by natural tissues. Allografts with these properties were named ‘Alloplant’. Conclusions Alloplant biomaterials can selectively stimulate natural tissue regeneration. Hence, Alloplant biomaterilas can be utilized in surgery for the restoration of different tissues.
Post-Traumatic Endophthalmitis: Causative Organisms and Visual Outcome
Authors: Abu El-Asrar A.M. , Al-Amro S. A. , Al-Mosallam A.A. , Al-Obeidan S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Post-traumatic endophthalmitis makes up a distinct subset of intraocular infections. The purpose of the present study was to identify the causative organisms and record the visual outcome after infectious endophthalmitis in eyes with penetrating trauma. Methods We reviewed 18 consecutive cases of culture-positive endophthalmitis that developed after penetrating ocular trauma. All cases were treated with pars plana vitrectomy and intravenous and intraocular antibiotics. Results The 15 males and 3 females ranged in age from 4 to 43 years (mean 25.1 ± 11 years). Nine (50%) had intraocular foreign bodies. A single species was isolated in 16 cases, and multiple organisms in two. Staphylococcus epidermidis and gram-negative organisms were the most frequent and were cultured either alone or in association with other organisms in respectively five (27.7%) and four cases (22.2%). Clostridium perfringens was isolated in three cases (16.6%). Bacillus was not found as a cause of endophthalmitis. Final visual acuity was better than 20/400 in eight cases (44%). In five cases (27.7%), the eye was saved but visual acuity was counting fingers. Two eyes (11%) had no light perception. The remaining three eyes (16.6%) were enucleated or eviscerated. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from two eyes and Aspergillus niger from one. Postoperative retinal detachment developed in four eyes, which were successfully operated. Conclusions Organisms isolated in this series were similar to those in previous reports of post-traumatic endophthalmitis from other parts of the world, except that the frequency of Clostridium perfringens isolation was high and no Bacillus species were cultured. In view of its devastating outcome, post-traumatic endophthalmitis must be treated promptly with vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotics.
Scleromalacia following Trabeculectomy with Intraoperative Mitomycin C
Authors: Akova Y.A. , Koç F. , Yalvaç I. , Duman S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the development of scleromalacia in pediatric age as a complication of trabeculectomy with the adjunctive use of intra-operative mitomycin C. Patients Reported are 2 patients who developed scleromalacia following trabeculectomy combined with intra-operative 0.4 mg/ml mitomycin C application for 5 minutes for refractory glaucoma in aphakic bullous keratopathy and penetrating keratoplasty. Results Scleromalacia localised in the surgical area developed in 2 young patients. Scleromalacia remained stable in both patients after 6 and 24 months follow-ups. Conclusions It is suggested that this procedure be done more selectively, especially in young patients, with a shorter application time and using a lower concentration.
Upward Extension of an Atrophic Tract of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Associated with Congenital Macular Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Khairallah M. , Ladjimi A. , Messaoud R. , Ben Yahia S. , Hmidi K. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report an unusual case of gravitational atrophic tract of the retinal pigment epithelium in a 20-year old woman. Methods Case report Results The patient had macular cicatricial congenital toxoplasmic chorioretinitis in both eyes. In the right eye, an atrophic tract of the retinal pigment epithelium originating from the upper margin of the macular scar extended upwards toward the retinal periphery. Conclusion The unusual upward direction of the atrophic tract of retinal pigment epithelium may be explained by the in utero head position during the active phase of the chorioretinal disease.
Changes in Axial Length after Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: Malukiewicz-Wiśniewska G. , Stafiej J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate changes in axial length and corneal curvature after an encircling procedure combined with segmental buckling. Materials and Methods We prospectively analysed cases with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treated with an encircling band and scleral buckling surgery, comparing the pre-and postoperative ultrasonographic measurements of axial length and corneal curvature, and patients' age and sex in relation to the axial length of the eyeballs. We studied 74 patients (25 female, 49 male, aged 14–78 years, mean 46.7 years), who underwent retinal detachment surgery in 1995 and 1996. Results Axial eye length was significantly increased by surgery (median 0.77 mm one month after surgery). One year after treatment the elongation of the eye had decreased by 0.20 mm. The average increase of corneal curvature was 0.22 D one month after surgery, and 0.43 D at one year. The distribution of axial length showed a significant preponderance of eyes with a longer axial length among males. Conclusions Encircling with a scleral buckling procedure with moderate indentation causes axial elongation of the eye.
Diabetic Retinopathy: Are we Really Doing all we can for Our Patients?
Authors: Bandello F. , Porta M. , Brancato R. 
Published: January 2018

Although it is now possible to significantly reduce the incidence of blindness secondary to diabetes mellitus, large numbers of diabetic patients still experience visual loss due to retinal complications of the disease. This implies that protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy used in the various multicenter trials have not yet been transferred into routine clinical practice. In countries where ocular complications of diabetes have been managed on the basis of well-codified protocols for several years, the incidence of visual loss among diabetic patients has been significantly reduced. It is absolutely essential to introduce screening and treatment protocols for diabetic retinopathy promptly everywhere. Their application is within the reach of every ophthalmologist. Patients must be informed that it is important to have regular full ophthalmological examinations, before any symptoms occur; the guidelines for screening and management of retinopathy must be known and accepted by the medical community. Spreading this information among primary care physicians, ophthalmologists and diabetologists is a fundamental step in improving the health care of the diabetic patient.
Pars Plana Vitrectomy in the Pediatric Population: Indications and Long-Term Results
Authors: Karel I. , Michaličková M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To establish the indications and the long-term results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the pediatric population. Methods PPV was performed in 60 eyes of 57 children, 45 boys and 12 girls, aged from 6 to 15 years. Twenty-nine eyes (48%) suffered from complicated rhegmatogenous or traction retinal detachment (RD) with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), 19 eyes (32%) had RD due to an idiopathic or traumatic giant tear (GT), 7 eyes (ll%) had an intraocular foreign body (IOFB), and 5 eyes (9%) had hemorrhage or exudation into the vitreous. In 43 eyes (65%) silicone oil implantation (SOI) was indicated, in 39 eyes (9l%) a primary SOI, and in 4 eyes (9%) a secondary SOI. The patients were followed up for 6–72 months, mean 42 months. Results At the end of follow-up, anatomical success with a flat macula was achieved in 77% of the eyes, and functional success with visual acuity of 0.02 and better in 72%. The results were best in IOFB and traction RD after penetrating injury (success in 100% and 9l%); the worst results were in RD after regressed retinopathy of prematurity and RD due to idiopathic GT (success in 50% and 54%). After SOI silicone oil was removed in 27 out of 43 eyes (63%), and the retina remained attached in 23 of these eyes (85%). Conclusions Indications and the long-term results of PPV in children were comparable with those in the adult. By far the most frequent indications were injuries and their complications. In complicated RD, a radical approach with primary SOI and later silicone oil removal proved useful. In children, with their long life expectancy, timely removal of silicone oil is vital for maintaining the function of the eye.
Repair of Scleral Rupture and Total Retinal Detachment in a Self-Injuring Psychotic Patient under Local Anesthesia: A Case Report
Authors: Lesnoni G. , Rossi T. , Villa G. , Boccassini B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Ocular self-injury by psychotic patients is an uncommon cause of ocular morbidity that poses peculiar problems. This report describes a schizophrenic self-injuring patient with scleral rupture and retinal detachment (RD), treated under loco-regional anesthesia. Case report A 65-year-old man presented with scleral rupture, hyphema, traumatic lens luxation, vitreous prolapse, vitreous hemorrhage and total RD after deliberately hitting his head. The fellow eye had been successfully operated with scleral buckle surgery for the same reason two years earlier. The patient underwent a two-step surgical procedure under local anesthesia, with repositioning and resection of the uveal prolapse and scleral rupture repair and, separetely, lens removal pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), membrane peeling, retinotomy, laser treatment and SiO tamponade. Results Twelve months after PPV, the cornea was clear, IOP was 16 mmHg, the retina was attached and VA was 20/200. The fellow eye maintained 20/30 VA. Conclusions In psychotic patients the intrinsic difficulty of a traumatic RD is combined with systemic illness, no compliance and the risk of recurrence. Although ocular traumas usually require general anesthesia, this patient undewent both interventions under local anesthesia with sedation, because of his psychotic condition and chronic liver failure. Local anesthesia and sedation proved effective in controlling pain and intra-operative compliance even in such a difficult patient. Although it is reasonable to question operating on such patients, we nonetheless believe that every attempt should always be made at gaining useful vision in both eyes since these patients are at a high risk of recurrent ocular trauma.
Fibrinolytic Activity of Subretinal Fluid after Cryopexy
Authors: Malukiewicz-Wiśniewska G. , Kotschy M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To measure the tissue plasminogen activator antigen (t-PA Ag) content and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) activity of SRF and blood. Methods 22 patients aged from 20 to 77 years (median: 57.3 years), were studied, undergoing retinal detachment surgery. Excluded were patients with vein or arterial disease and any other factors that could change the parameters evaluated. Subretinal samples were obtained at the time of routine drainage during retinal detachment surgery, after cryopexy. Venous blood samples were taken from the cubital vein into sodium citrate solution (9: 1) immediately after induction of anesthesia but before surgery. T-PA Ag concentration and PAI-1 activity in subretinal fluid and citrated plasma and their relation to patients' age and sex, the duration and extent of retinal detachment, and degenerative changes of the retina were assessed. Results The median t-PA Ag concentration in 22 samples of SRF was 6.7 ng/ml (interquartile range 3.6 ng/ml) and PAI-1 activity 14.0 IU/ml (interquartile range 7.5 IU/ml). The median levels of t-PA Ag and PAI in plasma were respectively 10.7 ng/ml (interquartile range 8.6 ng/ml) and 15.7 IU/ml (interquartile range 12.2 IU/ml). There were no differences between the t-PA Ag concentration and PAI-1 activity in SRF and blood. We found no correlation between the levels of t-PA Ag and PAI-1 activity in SRF and age, sex, the degree of myopia, the duration and extent of retinal detachment, or retinal degenerative changes. Conclusions The parameters of the firbinolytic cascade studied here indicated the presence of high levels of t-PA Ag and PAI-1 activity in SRF.
Twelve Years' Continuous Wear of the Same Therapeutic Soft Contact Lens: A Case Report
Authors: Kokolakis S. , Baltatzis S. , Zafirakis P. , Livir-Rallatos G. , Ladas I. , Voudouri A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe a case of a patient who had worn the same therapeutic soft contact lens (TSCL) continuously for twelve years, since he had failed to attend normal follow-up visits. Methods Microbiological histological and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies of conjunctiva, cornea and TSCL were done. Results Cultures were negative. Corneal histology revealed mild stromal edema and mild epithelial parakeratosis. Corneal SEM was remarkable for the preservation to some extent of normal corneal epithelial specialization with microtricae and microvillae. SEM of the TSCL showed a ruffed multi-layer surface with several cracks including different types of cells. Conclusions The patient showed surprising tolerance to the continuous wear of the same contact lens for 12 years.
An introduction to semiparametric function-on-scalar regression
Authors: Bauer Alexander , Scheipl Fabian , Küchenhoff Helmut , Gabriel Alice-Agnes 
Published: January 2018

Abstract: Function-on-scalar regression models feature a function over some domain as the response while the regressors are scalars. Collections of time series as well as 2D or 3D images can be considered as functional responses. We provide a hands-on introduction for a flexible semiparametric approach for function-on-scalar regression, using spatially referenced time series of ground velocity measurements from large-scale simulated earthquake data as a running example. We discuss important practical considerations and challenges in the modelling process and outline best practices. The outline of our approach is complemented by comprehensive R code, freely available in the online appendix. This text is aimed at analysts with a working knowledge of generalized regression models and penalized splines.
Line-Enhanced Deformable Registration of Pulmonary Computed Tomography Images Before and After Radiation Therapy With Radiation-Induced Fibrosis
Authors: King Martin , Sensakovic William F. , Maxim Peter , Diehn Maximilian , Loo Billy W. , Xing Lei 
Published: January 2018

Purpose: The deformable registration of pulmonary computed tomography images before and after radiation therapy is challenging due to anatomic changes from radiation fibrosis. We hypothesize that a line-enhanced registration algorithm can reduce landmark error over the entire lung, including the irradiated regions, when compared to an intensity-based deformable registration algorithm. Materials: Two intensity-based B-spline deformable registration algorithms of pre-radiation therapy and post-radiation therapy images were compared. The first was a control intensity–based algorithm that utilized computed tomography images without modification. The second was a line enhancement algorithm that incorporated a Hessian-based line enhancement filter prior to deformable image registration. Registrations were evaluated based on the landmark error between user-identified landmark pairs and the overlap ratio. Results: Twenty-one patients with pre-radiation therapy and post-radiation therapy scans were included. The median time interval between scans was 1.2 years (range: 0.3-3.3 years). Median landmark errors for the line enhancement algorithm were significantly lower than those for the control algorithm over the entire lung (1.67 vs 1.83 mm; P < .01), as well as within the 0 to 5 Gy (1.40 vs 1.57; P < .01) and >5 Gy (2.25 vs 3.31; P < .01) dose intervals. The median lung mask overlap ratio for the line enhancement algorithm (96.2%) was greater than that for the control algorithm (95.8%; P < .01). Landmark error within the >5 Gy dose interval demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with post-radiation therapy fibrosis enhancement after line enhancement filtration (Pearson correlation coefficient = −0.48; P = .03). Conclusion: The line enhancement registration algorithm is a promising method for registering images before and after radiation therapy.