bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Heterogeneity of Mast Cells and Basophils upon Activation
Authors: Chhiba Krishan D. , Hsu Chia-Lin , Berdnikovs Sergejs , Bryce Paul J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Mast cells and basophils are developmentally related cells whose activation is a hallmark of allergy. Functionally, mast cells and basophils overlap in their ability to produce several mediators, including histamine and granule proteases, but studies have increasingly demonstrated nonredundant roles. To characterize the transcriptional heterogeneity of mast cells and basophils upon their activation, we performed large-scale comparative microarrays of murine bone marrow–derived mast cells and bone marrow–derived basophils (BMBs) at rest, upon an adaptive-type activation (IgE cross-linking), or upon an innate-type activation (IL-33 stimulation). Hierarchical clustering demonstrated that bone marrow–derived mast cells and BMBs shared specific activation-associated transcriptional signatures but differed in other signatures both between cell type and between activation mode. In bone marrow–derived mast cells, IgE cross-linking upregulated 785 genes, including Egr2, Ccl1, and Fxyd6, whereas IL-33 stimulation induced 823 genes, including Ccl1, Egr2, and Il1b. Focused bioinformatics pathway analysis demonstrated that IgE activation aligned with processes such as oxidative phosphorylation, angiogenesis, and the p53 pathway. The IL-33–activated transcriptome was enriched in genes commonly altered by NF-κB in response to TNF, by IL-6 via STAT3, and in response to IFN-γ. Furthermore, BMBs activated via IgE cross-linking selectively induced immune response genes Ccl1, Il3, and Il2 compared with IL-33–stimulated BMBs. Principal-component analysis revealed key cell- and activation-specific clustering. Overall, our data demonstrate that mast cells and basophils have cell- and activation-specific transcriptional responses and suggest that context-specific gene networks and pathways may shape how the immune system responds to allergens and innate cytokines.
A Schistosoma japonicum Infection Promotes the Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells by Activating the JAK/STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Yang Quan , Qiu Huaina , Xie Hongyan , Qi Yanwei , Cha Hefei , Qu Jiale , Wang Mei , Feng Yuanfa , Ye Xin , Mu Jianbing , Huang Jun 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a heterogeneous group of immune cells from the myeloid lineage, play an important part in suppression of host immune responses during many pathologic conditions, including cancer and infectious diseases. Thus, understanding the functional diversity of these cells as well as the underlying mechanisms is crucial for the development of disease control strategies. The role of MDSCs during Schistosoma japonicum infection, however, is not clear, and there is a lack of systematic study so far. In this study, we provide strong evidence that the soluble egg Ag (SEA) and schistosome worm Ag (SWA) of S. japonicum enhance the accumulation of MDSCs. Ag-induced MDSCs have more potent suppressive effects on T cell responses than do control MDSCs in both in vivo S. japonicum infection and in vitro SEA- and SWA-treated mouse bone marrow cells experiments. Interestingly, the enhanced suppressive activity of MDSCs by Ag administration was coupled with a dramatic induction of the NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p47phox and was dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, mechanistic studies revealed that the Ag effects are mediated by JAK/STAT3 signaling. Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by the JAK inhibitor JSI-124 almost completely abolished the Ag effects on the MDSCs. In summary, this study sheds new light on the immune modulatory role of SEA and SWA and demonstrates that the expansion of MDSCs may be an important element of a cellular network regulating immune responses during S. japonicum infection.
Role of Clinical, Biochemical, and Imaging Parameters in predicting the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Zerem Dina , Zerema Omar , Zerem Enver 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The assessment of the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) is important for proper management of the disease and for its prognosis. The aim was to correlate clinical, biochemical, and imaging diagnostic parameters and evaluate their prognostic values in the early assessment of severity of AP.

Materials and methods
We prospectively studied 128 consecutive patients with AP. The predictors were clinical, biochemical, and imaging diagnostic parameters. The outcome measure was the occurrence of complications. Abdominal sonogram, contrast-enhanced computer tomography, and pancreatitis-specific clinical and laboratory findings were done.

Results
According to the Atlanta classification, 84 patients (65.6%) had mild and 44 (34.4%) had severe AP. The severity markers were significantly different between the mild and the severe groups (p < 0.001). Leukocyte count, serum albumin level, C-reactive protein (CRP), Ranson, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), and Glasgow score were the factors associated with radiological severity grade. Leukocyte count, CRP, Ranson score, APACHE II, and Glasgow score were the factors associated with the number and appearance of acute fluid collections (AFCs). A significant association was found between the number of AFCs and the occurrence of complications [odds ratio 4.4; 95% confidence interval 2.5–7.6]. Hospital stay was significantly longer in the group with severe disease as compared with the group with mild disease (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Clinical, biochemical, and imaging diagnostic parameters are related to the clinical course of AP and they can predict its severity. This allows us to determine the severity of the disease and to target the patients with high scores for close monitoring and more aggressive intervention.

How to cite this article
Zerem D, Zerem O, Zerem E. Role of Clinical, Biochemical, and Imaging Parameters in predicting the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):1-5.
Association of Severity of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Peripheral Blood Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Mean Platelet Volume
Authors: Guclu Mustafa , Agan A Faruq 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To determine the correlation of Helicobacter pylori infection with peripheral blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV).

Materials and methods
The NLR, MPV, platelets, leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were calculated and the differences between groups were investigated.

Results
A total of 199 patients were included in the study. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was statistically lower in H. pylori-positive patients than in H. pylori-negative patients (1.94 ± 0.79 vs 2.67 ± 2.35 respectively, p = 0.04). There was no significant difference between H. pylori-negative patients and H. pylori-positive patients of severe intensity in terms of MPV. However, peripheral blood lymphocytes and platelets were statistically significantly higher in H. pylori-positive patients of severe intensity (lymphocytes 2150 ± 826 vs 2954 ± 2436 respectively, p = 0.000 and platelets 258247 ± 69494 vs 265611 ± 113397 respectively, p = 0.02) compared with H. pylori-negative patients.

Conclusion
A moderate increase in the intensity of H. pylori does not lead to a significant change in MPV as measured by hemogram; however, it gives rise to a statistically significant fall in NLR. Presence of severe H. pylori-positive intensity leads to a statistically significant increase in peripheral blood lymphocytes and platelets compared with H. pylori-negative patients.

How to cite this article
Guclu M, Agan AF. Association of Severity of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Peripheral Blood Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Mean Platelet Volume. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):11-16.
Management of Liver Abscess in Children: Our Experience
Authors: Waghmare Mukta , Shah Hemanshi , Tiwari Charu , Khedkar Kiran , Gandhi Suraj 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Liver abscess is common in pediatric population in India. Children have unique set of predisposing factors and clinical features. Liver abscesses are infectious, space-occupying lesions in the liver; the two most common abscesses being pyogenic and amebic. Its severity depends on the source of the infection and the underlying condition of the patient.

Materials and methods
A total of 34 patients less than 12 years were assessed in a retrospective study from January 2012 to 2016. Patients were assessed in terms of age of presentation, etiology, bacteriology, diagnosis, and modality of treatment.

Results
The mean age of presentation was 6.3 years. Average volume of abscess was 164 cc. Nine patients (26.4%) underwent percutaneous needle aspiration under ultrasound guidance with wide bore needle (18 G disposable needle). Three patients required more than two sittings of aspiration. Patients with volume more than 80 cc were treated with catheter drainage. Twenty patients (58.8%) underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheter drainage. Two patients required catheter drainage for large abscess and needle aspiration for the smaller abscess.

Conclusion
Antimicrobial therapy along with percutaneous drainage constitutes the mainstay of treatment, whereas open surgical drainage should be reserved for selected cases.

How to cite this article
Waghmare M, Shah H, Tiwari C, Khedkar K, Gandhi S. Management of Liver Abscess in Children: Our Experience. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):23-26.
Prediction of Sustained Virological Response to Peginterferon-based Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C: Regression Analysis of a Cohort from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Picon Rafael V , Fendt Lúcia , Amaral Karine , D Picon Paulo 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
Peginterferon plus ribavirin (peg-IFN/RBV) is still the standard of care for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in many countries. Given the high toxicity of this regimen, our study aimed to develop a prediction tool that can identify which patients are unlikely to benefit from peg-IFN/RBV and could thus postpone treatment in favor of new-generation direct-acting antivirals.

Materials and methods
Binary regression was performed using demographic, clinical, and laboratory covariates and sustained virological response (SVR) outcomes from a prospective cohort of individuals referred for therapy from 2003 to 2008 in a public HCV treatment center in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Results
Of the 743 participants analyzed, 489 completed 48 weeks of treatment (65.8%). A total of 202 of those who completed peg-IFN/RBV therapy achieved SVR (27.2% responders), 196 did not (26.4%), and 91 had missing viral load (VL) at week 72 (12.2% loss to follow-up). The remainder discontinued therapy (n = 254 [34.2%]), 78 (30.7%) doing so due to adverse effects. Baseline covariates included in the regression model were sex, age, human immunodeficiency virus, infection status, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, hemoglobin, platelets, serum creatinine, prothrombin time, pretreatment VL, cirrhosis on liver biopsy, and treatment naivety. A predicted SVR of 17.9% had 90.0% sensitivity for detecting true nonresponders. The negative likelihood ratio at a predicted SVR of 17.9% was 0.16, and the negative predictive value was 92.6%.

Conclusion
Easily obtainable variables can identify patients that will likely not benefit from peg-IFN-based therapy. This prediction model might be useful to clinicians.

Clinical significance
To our knowledge, this is the only prediction tool that can reliably help clinicians to postpone peg-IFN/RBV therapy for HCV genotype 1 patients.

How to cite this article
Picon RV, Fendt L, Amaral K, Picon PD. Prediction of Sustained Virological Response to Peginterferon-based Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C: Regression Analysis of a Cohort from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):27-33.
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children
Authors: Ozbey Gokben , Hanafiah Alfizah 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTH. pyloriinfection is a global public health problem associated with some gastrointestinal diseases in children, especially in developing countries, since prevalence ofH. pyloriis low in the developed world. Both noninvasive (stool antigen test, urea breath test, and blood test) and invasive (histology, rapid urease test, and microbiological culture) tests have been utilized to detectH. pyloriinfection. However, a single test is not reliable enough and does not provide accurate enough data to determineH. pyloriinfection among children. Risk factors ofH. pyloriinfection in children were related to ethnicities, household properties, geographic location, living conditions, water sources, type of housing, presence/absence of sewage systems, and garbage collection within the living environment. These risk factors were usually associated with the socioeconomic status of the family. This review article aims to determine the gaps in the knowledge of the epidemiology, risk factors, and diagnostic tests ofH. pyloriinfection among children.How to cite this articleOzbey G, Hanafiah A. Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Risk Factors ofHelicobacter pyloriInfection in Children. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):34-39.
Hepatitis Action Plan and Changing Trend of Liver Disease in Japan: Viral Hepatitis and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Kanto Tatsuya , Yoshio Sachiyo 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
In Japan, the estimated number of chronic hepatitis B virus infections was 1.1 to 1.4 million, and that of chronic hepatitis C virus was 1.9 to 2.3 million in 2000. The mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma had been increasing and hit the peak at around 2002, which subsequently started to decrease. Japan has a national action plan for addressing viral hepatitis called Basic Act on Hepatitis Measures, established in 2009. In 2011, basic guidelines for promotion of control measures for hepatitis were issued, comprising nine principles in order to promote measures to prevent hepatitis B and C. According to these guidelines, national and local governments share screening costs for testing hepatitis B and C in residents who are over 40 years old. Thus, out-of-pocket expenses from examinees are nil or reduced to the minimum. In addition, for patients with chronic hepatitis B or C and on treatment, drug prices of nucleotide analogs, interferon (IFN) treatment, or IFN-free direct antiviral agents along with examination expenses should be covered by special programs for viral hepatitis. The national and local governments cover the amount in excess of 100 to 200 USD of the cost of treatment. The proportion of liver cancer with nonviral etiology has been increasing in Japan. For the screening and follow-up of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, we demonstrated that interleukin 34 is a feasible fibrosis marker. Several advantages have prevailed in the Japanese health care systems for patients with viral liver disease compared with those in countries in the Western Pacific region. Therefore, Japan should take a lead in helping the implementation of practical hepatitis action plans in every country when in need.

How to cite this article:
Kanto T, Yoshio S. Hepatitis Action Plan and Changing Trend of Liver Disease in Japan: Viral Hepatitis and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):60-64.
Chronic Viral Hepatitis in Malaysia: “Where are we now?”
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Radzi Abu , Said Rosaida Md 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Malaysia is a country where an estimated 1 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and an estimated 2.5% of the adult population are positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Effective nationwide vaccine coverage seems to be a highly effective measure to prevent new HBV infection. Treatment of HCV infection is also a regular practice in Malaysia. These measures highlight the possibility to reach the World Health Organization elimination target by 2030. To achieve this target, the Health Ministry and other nongovernmental organizations, such as My Commitment to Cure (MyC2C) are working together to develop a strategic road map to reach the global elimination target in Malaysia by 2030.

How to cite this article:
Raihan R, Mohamed R, Hasan MRA, Rosaida MS. Chronic Viral Hepatitis in Malaysia: “Where are we now?” Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):65-67.
Viral Hepatitis and Liver Diseases in Mongolia
Authors: Baatarkhuu Oidov , Uugantsetseg G , Munkh-Orshikh D , Naranzul N , Badamjav S , Tserendagva D , Amarsanaa J , Young Kim Do 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Mongolia is known for its high endemicity for viral hepatitis. Previous studies report that the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is 11.8% (178/1,512) among the unvaccinated population in 13 provinces and Ulaanbaatar city. The serosurvey of adults (≥20 years of age) conducted during 2013 among persons in four provinces and in Ulaanbaatar showed that the overall prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity was 10.6%. The overall prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HCV ribonucleic acid among 1,512 apparently healthy subjects was 15.6% (236/1,512) and 11.0% (167/1,512) respectively.
In a previous study, we reported on the prevalence of HBV, HDV, and HCV infections in 110 consecutive patients presenting with acute hepatitis at eight city hospitals in Ulaanbaatar. In that study, 16.4, 32.7, 6.4, 1.8, and 27.3% of the patients were diagnosed as having acute hepatitis due to hepatitis A, B, C, HBV/HDV coinfection, and superinfection respectively. In the current study (2012–2014), results show that acute hepatitis A, B, C, and D was diagnosed in 47.9, 40.7, 5.3, and 9% respectively.
Chronic HBV and HCV infections, which are associated with cancer and cirrhosis respectively, are responsible for 95% of liver cancers in Mongolia. The most common etiology for hepatocellular carcinoma was HCV infection (n = 89, 45.6%), followed by HBV infection (n = 67, 34.4%).

How to cite this article:
Baatarkhuu O, Uugantsetseg G, Munkh-Orshikh D, Naranzul N, Badamjav S, Tserendagva D, Amarsanaa J, Young KD. Viral Hepatitis and Liver Diseases in Mongolia. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):68-72.
Successful Conservative Management of Spontaneous Antegrade Migration of Feeding Jejunostomy
Authors: Krishnamurthy Gautham , Singh Harjeet , Singh Rajinder 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Successful conservative management of spontaneous antegrade migration of feeding jejunostomy of a patient with dysphagia due to carcinoma of nasopharynx is reported.

How to cite this article:
Krishnamurthy G, Pandit N, Singh H, Singh R. Successful Conservative Management of Spontaneous Antegrade Migration of Feeding Jejunostomy. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):84-86.
Persistent Elevation of CA 19-9 Levels in the Long-term Follow-up before Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Karakaya Fatih , Karaeren Zihni , Perçinel Sibel 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
CA 19-9 is used as a tumor marker in colon, pancreas, biliary, and gastric cancers. Laryngeal cancer is the most common malignant epithelial tumor among head and neck cancers and has no specific tumor marker.

Case report
A 66-year-old male patient had severe reflux symptoms during 5 years and had an isolated CA 19-9 elevation. Follow-up analysis revealed that he had larynx cancer and after laryngectomy, CA 19-9 levels decreased to normal range.

Discussion
Currently, CA 19-9 is not a marker for malignancy. Laryngeal carcinoma has no specific tumor marker, but laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma may be manifested by elevated CA 19-9 levels.

How to cite this article
Özkan H, Karakaya F, Karaeren Z, Perçinel S. Persistent Elevation of CA 19-9 Levels in the Long-term Follow-up before Laryngeal Cancer. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):92-94.
Long Segment Intestinal Invagination in an Adult Case
Authors: Karadeli Elif , Tok Sermin , Erbay Gurcan 
Published: May 2017

How to cite this article
Karadeli E, Parlakgumus A, Tok S, Erbay G. Long Segment Intestinal Invagination in an Adult Case. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):99-100.
Relationship between Hepatitis B Viral Deoxyribonucleic Acid Load and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Rahman Salimur , Khan Mobin , Hussain Muhammad M , Islam Shahidul , Ahmed Nooruddin 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an established cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is associated with poor prognosis. High HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) load has been identified in HCC and hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients.

Materials and methods
This study was done in the Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2006 to December 2007. Thirty patients with HBV infection-related HCC were enrolled. Another 30 patients with HBV-related liver diseases without HCC were analyzed as controls.

Results
The HCC patients had a high viral load (>105 copies/mL), while all of the controls had low (<105 copies/mL) viral load.

Conclusion
It seems that patients with HCC bear high HBV DNA loads in Bangladesh, but the causes underlying this remain to be resolved.

How to cite this article
Hussain MM, Al Mahtab M, Islam S, Ahmed N, Rahman S, Khan M. Relationship between Hepatitis B Viral Deoxyribonucleic Acid Load and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):111-112.
Therapy Targeting Stem Cell in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis of Liver in a Tertiary Treatment Care Center of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mohammad H , Alam Sheikh MN , Moben Ahmed L , Alam Mohammad A 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Decompensated cirrhosis is associated with significantly high mortality resulting from hepatic failure, and liver transplantation seems to be the only viable indication for its management. The objective of this study is to assess if granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a stimulatory of stem cell in vivo, may be of any benefit for patients with decompensated cirrhosis of liver.

Materials and methods
Seventeen consecutive patients with decompensated cirrhosis of liver were recruited in this prospective study. They received injection of G-CSF (30 IU) over a period of 6 weeks (12 injections) in addition to standard of care.

Results
Patients were followed up at the end of treatment and at 12 weeks of treatment. Treatment was well tolerated, and no significant adverse event was recorded in any patient. Fifteen out of 17 (88%) patients were alive at last follow-up. Although serum bilirubin, albumin, and prothrombin time improved in some patients, statistically significant improvement of Child–Pugh score could not be documented.

Conclusion
The study establishes the safety of G-CSF therapy in patients with decompensated cirrhosis of liver. Besides, such therapy may also have survival benefit, although long-term follow-up is needed to assess its real utility in clinical perspectives.

How to cite this article
Al Mahtab M, Alam SMN, Moben AL, Raihan R, Alam MA, Rahim MA, Uddin MH, Akbar SMF. Therapy Targeting Stem Cell in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis of Liver in a Tertiary Treatment Care Center of Bangladesh. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):113-115.

Source of support
The study was partially supported by a grant from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh