bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2′‐Deoxy‐5‐monofluoromethyluridine (FTDR) and 2′‐Deoxy‐5‐difluoromethyluridine (F2TDR).
Authors: MATULIC‐ADAMIC J. , WATANABE K. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThymidin (I) wird selektiv zu (II) silyliert, das durch Bromierung, Substitution und Spaltung in FTDR (V) übergeführt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of a Versatile Intermediate Leading to Thienamycin Analogs.
Authors: MARUYAMA H. , SHIOZAKI M. , HIRAOKA T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas ausgehend von Thr (I) erhältliche Derivat (IVa) wird [über die Stufe (IVb)] in das Azetidinon (Va) übergeführt, das zu den Derivaten (Vb)‐(Vd) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent Influence on Emitting States in Quadrate Chromium(III) Complexes.
Authors: FUCALORO A. F. , FORSTER L. S. , GLOVER S. G. , KIRK A. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe effect of hydroxylic and non‐hydroxylic glassy solvents (as alcohol ‐ H20, Me2SO ‐ H2O, THF‐ H2O) on the emission spectra of CrN4XY complexes (as Cr(NH3)5F2+, cis‐Cr(en)2(OH) or trans‐Cr(NH3)4(H2O)(OH)2+) has been determined at 77 K. The spectral shifts and excited‐state decay kinetics are related to the relative disposition of the 2T, and 2E components in the solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrodeposition of Cadmium Telluride Using Phosphine Telluride.
Authors: DARKOWSKI A. , COCIVERA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThin CdTe films are electrodeposited on Ti‐cathodes using tri(n‐butyl)phosphine telluride and Cd ion in propylene carbonate (about 100°C).
ChemInform Abstract: Characteristics of Sulfolane‐Based Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries.
Authors: MATSUDA Y. , MORITA M. , YAMADA K. , HIRAI K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe utility of sulfolane (S)‐based electrolytes with 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL), THF, or DME as cosolvents has been examined for ambient temperature Li batteries.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclometalated Complexes of Ruthenium. Part 2. Spectral and Electrochemical Properties and X‐Ray Structure of Bis(2,2′‐bipyridyl)(4‐nitro‐2‐(2‐pyridyl)phenyl)ruthenium(II).
Authors: REVECO P. , SCHMEHL R. H. , CHERRY W. R. , FRONCZEK F. R. , SELBIN J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDer Titelkomplex kristallisiert in der RG PT mit Z=2.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Studies of the Solution Chemistry of Metal Complexes. Part 22.
Authors: DAIGNAULT S. A. , ARNOLD A. P. , ISAB A. A. , RABENSTEIN D. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPotentiometrische und 1H‐NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen zeigen, daß Zn(II) mit dem Titeltripeptid in wäßriger Lösung bei physiologischem pH‐Wert zwei kinetisch stabile Komplexe bildet.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Tocopherol Side Chain.
Authors: TAKABE K. , UCHIYAMA Y. , OKISAKA K. , YAMADA T. , KATAGIRI T. , OKAZAKI T. , OKETA Y. , KUMOBAYASHI H. , AKUTAGAWA S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEs wird eine stereospezi‐ fische Synthese für das (3R,7R)‐3,7,11‐Trimethyldodecanal beschrieben, das die Seitenkette des α‐Tocopherols bildet.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Cycloaddition Reactions Using Functionalized Isoprenylsilane and Related Compounds.
Authors: HOSOMI A. , SAKATA Y. , SAKURAI H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn Gegenwart des angegebenen Ni‐Phosphin‐Komplexkata‐ lysators erhält man aus den Vinyl‐Grignard‐Verbindungen (I) mit den Vinylbromiden (II) die Diene (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Decomposition of 2‐Azido Ketones to 2‐(Acetylamino)‐2‐alken‐1‐ones by Perrhenate Catalysis.
Authors: EFFENBERGER F. , BEISSWENGER T. , AZ R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie thermische Stickstoffabspaltung aus den 2‐Azidoketonen (I) wird in Gegenwart von katalytischen Mengen an Perrhenat beschleunigt.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductones and Tricarbonyl Compounds. Part 32. Nucleophilic 1,2‐Shifts of Carboxamide Groups in the Benzil‐Benzilic Acid Type Rearrangement of 4‐Aryl‐2,3‐dioxobutyramides and of Quinisatine.
Authors: GOWAL H. , SPIESS A. , BALLENEGGER M. , DUC L. , MOLL H. , SCHLUNKE H.‐P. , DAHN H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Abhängigkeit der Umlagerungskinetik von (I) von der Basenkonzentration und die Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber den Arylsubstituenten zeigen, daß die sich in (Ia) nahezu ausschließlich vollziehende Wanderung der CONHz‐Gruppe hauptsächlich von der Möglichkeit zur Deprotonierung von (I) bestimmt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Mediated Claisen‐Type Rearrangement of Aryl Dienyl Ethers.
Authors: MARUYAMA K. , NAGAI N. , NARUTA Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn Gegenwart von Lewissäuren wie Bortrifluoridetherat, das die besten Resultate ergab, werden Aryldienylether wie (I), (IV), (VI), (VIII) und (X) zu Dienyl‐phenolen umgelagert, wobei bevorzugt eine Wanderung in die p‐Stellung, bei p‐Substitution jedoch auch in die m‐Stellung wie in (IX) erfolgen kann.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Photoallylations of Dicyanopolycyclic Aromatic Compounds via Electron Transfer.
Authors: MIZUNO K. , TERASAKA K. , IKEDA M. , OTSUJI Y. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract1,4‐Dicyan‐naphtha1in (I) reagiert bei der Photolyse mit Allyltrimethylsilan (II) zu den Nitrilen (III)‐(V), wobei (IV) je nach Bedingungen in (III) bzw. (V) umgewandelt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Photochemistry. Part 72. Photoreaction of 5‐Dicyanomethylenebicyclo‐[2.2.1]hept‐2‐ene.
Authors: KUMAGAI T. , HONDA H. , MUKAI T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei der Photolyse des Dicyanmethylen‐norbornens (I) entstehen über diskutierte Zwischenstufen die Umlagerungsprodukte (II)‐(IV), aus dem Dien (V) erhält man die Umlagerungsprodukte (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Dianion of N‐Phenyl‐2‐(phenylsulfonylmethyl)propenamide: An Efficient Synthetic Reagent for (E)‐Trisubstituted Olefins and 5,6‐Dihydro‐2Hpyrans.
Authors: TANAKA K. , YODA H. , KAJI A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas aus dem Sulfonyl‐acrylsäureanilid (I) erzeugte Dianion (II) reagiert mit hoher Regioselektivität mit Alkylhalogeniden (III) bzw. Epoxiden (VI) zu den Substitutionsprodukten (IV) bzw. (VII), aus denen die Folgeprodukte (V) bzw. (VIII) hergestellt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Oxidation of Ene‐Type Chlorinated Olefins.
Authors: SUZUKI S. , ONISHI T. , FUJITA Y. , OTERA J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Allylchloride (II) werden aus den Olefinen (I) durch Chlorierung mit Calciumhypochlorit, tert.‐Butylhypochlorit oder Trichlorisocyanursäure hergestellt und mit 2‐Propannitronat zu den Aldehyden (III) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Carboypyridinium Dichromate (NDC) and 4‐Carboxypyridinium Dichromate (INDC).
Authors: LOPEZ C. , GONZALEZ A. , COSSIO F. P. , PALOMO C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEs werden zwei neue Chrom(VI)‐Oxidationsmittel (I) und (II) vorgestellt, die aus Nicotin‐ und Isonicotinsäure und Chromtrioxid/Wasser zugänglich sind.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Synthesis of Allene‐ and [3]Cumulenecarboxylates.
Authors: KOHL‐MINES E. , HANSEN H.‐J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch Reaktion der Carbonsäuren (I), (IV) bzw. (VI) mit den Phosphoranen (II) unter der Bedingung A) lassen sich Titelverbindungen vom Typ (III), (V) bzw. (VII) darstellen.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Route to 2‐(Formylmethyl)‐cyclopenten‐3‐one and Its 1‐Methyl‐Congener.
Authors: ARMSTEAD D. A. , MANN J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAusgehend vom Hydrazon (II), das in quantitativer Ausbeute aus dem entsprechenden Keton (I) zugänglich ist, wird du‐rch Umsetzung mit Ethylenoxid der 73 Alkohol (III) erhalten, der mit Pyridiniumchlorochromat zum Aldehyd (IV) oxidiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselectivity and Solubility.
Authors: BERLAN J. , BESACE J. , STEPHAN E. , CRESSON P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus den ungesättigten Oxazolidinen (I) erhält man mit Dimethyllithiumcuprat die Methyl‐hydro‐zimtaldehyde (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2,3,4a,8b‐Hexahydro‐1,4‐methanobiphenylenes and 2‐Phenylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐enes.
Authors: CATELLANI M. , CHIUSOLI G. P. , RICOTTI S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNorbornen (I) reagiert mit aromatischen Bromiden (II) in Gegenwart von Palladiumkomplexen und Alkaliphenolaten wie Kaliumphenolat zu den Gemischen aus den Benzocyclobutenaddukten (III) und den Phenylnorbornenen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselectivity in Intramolecular Additions of Allylsilanes to Enones.
Authors: MAJETICH G. , DEFAUW J. , HULL K. , SHAWE T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie intramolekulare Cyclisierungsreaktion der Allylsilan‐enone (I) bis (IV) führt in Abhängigkeit vom Katalysator (Fluorid (a) oder TiCl4(b)) zu Gemischen mit verschiedenen Anteilen der Hydrindanone (V)‐(VIII) und (IX) e‐ (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Photooxidation and Mass Spectra of 5,6,11,12‐Tetrachlorotetracene.
Authors: BALODIS K. A. , MEDNE R. S. , NEILAND O. YA. , KOZLOVA L. M. , KLYAVINYA Z. P. , MAZHEIKA I. B. , GAUKHMAN A. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNach einem abgewandelten Verfahren wird die Titelverbindung (I‐II) mit höherer Ausb. und in größerer Reinheit erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Organic Anions. Part 122. Reactions of Carbanions with Carbon Tetrachloride in Two‐Phase Systems.
Authors: MAKOSZA M. , KWAST A. , KWAST E. , JONCZYK A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn situ dargestellte Carbanionen reagieren mit Tetra‐ chlorkohlenstoff unter Bildung chlorierter Zwischenstufen, die sowohl als Nucleophile als auch als Elektrophile weiterreagieren können.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnCl2 und CuCl Promoted Aldol Reactions of Isocyanoacetate with α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: ITO Y. , MATSUURA T. , SAEGUSA T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas Isocyan‐acetat (I) reagiert mit den ungesättigten Ketonen (II) zu den Addukten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Xanthone Analogue of Geiparvarin.
Authors: VALENTI P. , RECANATINI M. , DA RE P. , GALIMBENI W. , AVANZI N. , FILIPPESCHI S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDer Xanthenonylallylether (I) läßt sich mit OsO4 und dem Morpholin‐N‐oxid (II) zum Glykol (III) hydroxylieren, das nach oxidativer Spaltung zum Aldehyd (IV) mit dem Ethyldimethylfuranon (V) basenka‐ talysiert zum Hydroxyether (VI) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent Dyes with Large Stokes Shifts. A Simple Synthesis of [2,2′‐Bipyridine]‐3,3′‐diol.
Authors: LANGHALS H. , PUST S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe bipyridinediol (II) is obtained in one step from furoin (I) by Zincke rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: On Attempts to Prepare Ring‐B Homomorphinan‐6‐ones by Grewe Cyclization from Octahydro‐1‐phenethylisoquinolines.
Authors: DUMONT R. , PFANDER H. , BROSSI A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGrewe cyclization of the N‐formyl‐protected octahydroisoquinolin‐6‐one (VI) prepared by conventional chemistry did not afford the expected homomorphinanone.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopenta[c]pyridines from Baldrinal and Homobaldrinal by Reaction with Primary Amines.
Authors: SEITZ G. , MODDELMOG G. , HOELZL J. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Acyloxymethylcyclopentapyrane (I) lassen sich mit primären Aminen (II) über die nicht isolierten Hydroxymethylcyclopentapyridine (III) in die Bis‐formylcyclopentapyridine (IV) umwandeln.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Conversions of 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐8‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxinopyridines.
Authors: ARUSTAMOVA I. S. , KUL'NEVICH V. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Dioxinopyridine (I) werden in die N‐Methylpyridiniumiodide (II) übergeführt, deren Kondensation mit den Benzaldehyden (III) bzw. mit den Furfuralen (VI) die Produkte (IV) bzw. (VII) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and 13C‐NMR Study of Pyrazolo[4,5‐c]‐ and Pyrazolo[4,3‐c][1]benzazepines.
Authors: MELANI F. , CECCHI L. , PALAZZINO G. , FILACCHIONI G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem Diketo‐carbonsäureester (I) erhält man mit Hydrazinen (II) unterschiedliche Pyrazole (III) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of the [(η5‐C5H5)Ti(Mo5O18)]3‐ and [(η5‐C5H5)Ti(W5O18)]3‐ Anions.
Authors: CHE T. M. , DAY V. W. , FRANCESCONI L. C. , FREDRICH M. F. , KLEMPERER W. G. , SHUM W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title anions are obtained by the demonstrated reactions and are isolated as the NBu4‐salts (II).
ChemInform Abstract: The (Dimethylamido)tris(1‐pyrazolyl)borate(1‐) Ion, a New Hybrid Poly(1‐pyrazolyl)borate Ligand.
Authors: NIEDENZU K. , TROFIMENKO S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTris‐[dimethylamino]borane (I) reacts with pyrazol (II) in quantitative yield to the adduct (III), which at room temperature undergoes site exchange of the N‐bonded proton, so that‐ (III) is better formulated as (IVa).
ChemInform Abstract: Inorganic Reactions of the Clusters FeCo2S(CO)9, HFe2CoS(CO)9 and H2Fe3S(CO)9.
Authors: FISCHER K. , DECK W. , SCHWARZ M. , VAHRENKAMP H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Darstellung der Titelcluster (I), (IIa) und (III) ist bekannt, Clustersalze wie (IX) und (XVI) wurden nach beschriebenem Verfahren durch Deprotonierung mit KH in heterogener Phase erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of Hexaaquanickel(II)Tris(1,8‐naphthyridine‐2,7‐dicarboxylato)dinickelate(II) Pentahydrate.
Authors: AGHABOZORG H. , PALENIK R. C. , PALENIK G. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDer Titelkomplex (I) entsteht bei der 1:1‐molaren Umsetzung von Ni‐nitrathexahydrat mit dem durch LiOH‐Behandlung von 1,8‐Naphthyridin‐2,7‐dicarbonsäure erhaltenen Dicarboxylat und wird als Pentahydrat isoliert.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Mechanism of the Formation, Aquation, and Base Hydrolysis Reactions of a Series of Monodentate Carbonato Complexes of Palladium(II).
Authors: MAHAL G. , VAN ELDIK R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractKinetics and Mechanism of the Formation, Aquation, and Base Hydrolysis Reactions of a Series of Monodentate Carbonato Complexes of Palladium(II).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of cis‐Dichloro[tellurobis(di‐tert.‐butylphosphane)]platinum(II).
Authors: HENSEL R. , DU MONT W.‐W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title complex (II) is obtained by heterogeneous reactions between the tellurobis‐ (phosphane) and dichlorobis(benzonitrile)platinum(II) or PtClz in t‐oluene suspension.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed‐Ligand cis and trans Complexes of Platinum(II) with Cytosine and Adenine Nucleobases: Crystal Structures und Solution Studies of cis and trans Isomers of (9‐Methyladenine‐N7)(1‐methylcytosine‐N3)diammineplatinum(II) Perchlorate. Different Selectivities of Aquadiammine(1‐methylcytosine)platinum(II) Isomers for N1 and N7 Donor Atoms of Adenine.
Authors: BEYERLE‐PFNUR R. , BROWN B. , FAGGIANI R. , LIPPERT B. , LOCK C. J. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAusgehend von dem cis‐ (I) oder dem trans‐ Chlorodiammin‐1‐methylcytosin‐N3‐Pt(II)‐Komplex (V) werden durch Umsetzung der Aquo‐Analogen in situ mit 9‐Methyladenin die9‐Methyladenin‐N7‐ und 9‐Methyladenin‐N′‐Derivate (II) und (III) bzw. (VI) und (VII) sowie das Dimere (IV) oder (VIII) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Corticosteroids by Flavins.
Authors: JASICZAK J. , SMOCZKIEWICZ M. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDesoxy‐corticosteron (I) wird durch Lumi?avine (II) über die Disproportionierung einer Dioxoverbindung (III) zur Hydroxycarbonsäure (IV) oxidiert, in sehr stark basischem Medium erhält man daraus die Keto‐carbonsäure (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Aldonhydroximo‐lactones. Preparation and Determination of Configuration.
Authors: BEER D. , VASELLA A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOxidation des Glucoseoxims (II) nach Methode (A) bzw. (B) gibt die Lactonoxime (Ia) bzw. (IIIa), die in die peracetylierten [(Ib), (IIIb)] bzw. teilacetylierten Derivate (Ic), (IIIc) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of O‐Silylated Ketene acetals. Diastereoselective Aldol Reaction of 2,3‐O‐Isopropylidene‐D (and L)‐Glyceraldehydes Leading to 2‐Deoxy‐D (and L)‐Riboses.
Authors: KITA Y. , YASUDA H. , TAMURA O. , ITOH F. , KE Y. Y. , TAMURA Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem Aldehyd (I) erhält man mit dem Ketenacetal (II) die Addukte (III), aus denen mit Trifluoressigsäure und Anhydriden (IV) die Lacton‐dicarbonsäureester (V) und (VI) entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the 7‐Deaza and 5‐Aza‐7‐deaza Purine Analogs of the Antiherpes Agent 9‐[(1,3‐Dihydroxy‐2‐propoxy)methyl]guanine (DHPG).
Authors: MCGEE D. P. C. , MARTIN J. C. , VERHEYDEN J. P. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractZur Untersuchung auf Antiherpes‐Wirkung werden 7‐Desaza‐purine wie (VI), (VIII), (XII) oder (XIII) unter Anwendung der üblichen Verfahren hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterocyclic Intermediates Related to Anthracyclinones.
Authors: HARPER M. F. , MORLEY J. O. , PRESTON P. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAuf der Suche nach Anthracyclinen, welche dem Adriamycin verwandt sind, aber weniger Nebenwirkungen besitzen, wird eine Reihe von heterocyclischen Vorstufen hergestellt.
Leaf lifespan is positively correlated with periods of leaf production and reproduction in 49 herb and shrub species
Authors: Lan Li Fang , Liu Xin , Bao Wei kai 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLeaf life span and plant phenology are central elements in strategies for plant carbon gain and nutrient conservation. Although few studies have found that leaf life span correlate with the patterns of leaf dynamics and reproductive output, but there have not been sufficient conclusive tests for relationships between leaf life span and plant phenological traits, the forms and strengths of such relationships are poorly understood. This study was conducted with 49 herb and shrub species collected from the eastern portion of the Tibetan Plateau and grown together in a common garden setting. We investigated leaf life span, the periods of leaf production and death, the time lag between leaf production and death, and the period of plant reproduction (i.e., flowering and fruiting). Interspecific relationships of leaf life span with leaf dynamics and reproduction period were determined. Leaf production period was far longer than leaf death period and largely reflected the interspecific variation of leaf life span. Moreover, leaf life span was positively correlated with the length of reproduction (i.e., flowering and fruiting) period. These relationships were generally consistent across different subgroups of species (herbs vs. shrubs) and indicate potentially widely applicable relationships between LLS and aboveground phenology. We concluded that leaf life span is associated not simply with the dynamics of the leaf itself but with reproduction period. The results demonstrate a plant trade‐off in resource allocation between production and reproduction and a coordinated arrangement of leaves, flowers, and fruits in their time investment. Our results provide insight into the relationship between leaf life span and plant phenology.
The clinimetric properties of the COMFORT scale: A systematic review
Authors: Maaskant J. , Raymakers‐Janssen P. , Veldhoen E. , Ista E. , Lucas C. , Vermeulen H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe COMFORT scale is a measurement tool to assess distress, sedation and pain in nonverbal paediatric patients. Several studies have described the COMFORT scale, but no formal assessment of the methodological quality has been undertaken. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to study the clinimetric properties of the (modified) COMFORT scale in children up to 18 years. We searched Central, CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsycInfo and Web of Science until December 2014. The selection, data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Quality of the included studies was appraised using the COSMIN checklist. We found 30 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Most participants were ventilated children up to 4 years without neurological disorders. The results on internal consistency and interrater reliability showed values of >0.70 in most studies, indicating an adequate reliability. Construct validity resulted in correlations between 0.68 and 0.84 for distress, between 0.42 and 0.94 for sedation and between 0.31 and 0.96 for pain. The responsiveness of the (modified) COMFORT scale seems to be adequate. The quality of the included studies ranged from poor to excellent. The COMFORT scale shows overall an adequate reliability in providing information on distress, sedation and pain. Construct validity varies from good to excellent for distress, from moderate to excellent for sedation, and from poor to excellent for pain. The included studies were clinically and methodologically heterogeneous, hampering firm conclusions.What does this review add?

An in‐depth assessment of the clinimetric properties of the COMFORT scale.

The COMFORT scale shows overall an adequate reliability in providing information on distress, sedation and pain. Construct validity varies from good to excellent for distress, from moderate to excellent for sedation, and from poor to excellent for pain.
Bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl acids including the isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonate in carp (Cyprinus carpio) in a sediment/water microcosm
Authors: Fang Shuhong , Zhang Yifeng , Zhao Shuyan , Qiang Liwen , Chen Meng , Zhu Lingyan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Carp (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) isomers in an artificially contaminated sediment/water microcosm. The uptake constant of PFAAs increased with increasing carbon chain length, whereas the elimination coefficient displayed the opposite trend, suggesting that carbon chain length plays an important role in the bioaccumulation of PFAAs. When the contribution of suspended particulate matter was taken into account, the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) became lower (3.61–600 L/kg) compared with BAFs derived from only considering the absorption from free PFAAs in water (3.85–97000 L/kg). The results indicate that suspended particulate matter in water constitutes an important source of exposure for aquatic organisms to long-chain PFAAs. Linear (n-)PFOS was preferentially accumulated compared with branched isomers in carp. Among the branched isomers, 1m-PFOS displayed the greatest bioaccumulation, whereas m2-PFOS had the lowest. Linear PFOS displayed greater partitioning ability from blood to other tissues over branched PFOS (br-PFOS) isomers, leading to a relatively lower n-PFOS proportion in blood. In summary, suspended particulate matter made a contribution to the accumulation of long-chain PFAAs in aquatic organisms, and n-PFOS was preferentially accumulated compared with br-PFOS isomers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:3005–3013. © 2016 SETAC
Intracortical myelination in musicians with absolute pitch: Quantitative morphometry using 7‐T MRI
Authors: Kim Seung‐Goo , Knösche Thomas R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAbsolute pitch (AP) is known as the ability to recognize and label the pitch chroma of a given tone without external reference. Known brain structures and functions related to AP are mainly of macroscopic aspects. To shed light on the underlying neural mechanism of AP, we investigated the intracortical myeloarchitecture in musicians with and without AP using the quantitative mapping of the longitudinal relaxation rates with ultra‐high‐field magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T. We found greater intracortical myelination for AP musicians in the anterior region of the supratemporal plane, particularly the medial region of the right planum polare (PP). In the same region of the right PP, we also found a positive correlation with a behavioral index of AP performance. In addition, we found a positive correlation with a frequency discrimination threshold in the anterolateral Heschl's gyrus in the right hemisphere, demonstrating distinctive neural processes of absolute recognition and relative discrimination of pitch. Regarding possible effects of local myelination in the cortex and the known importance of the anterior superior temporal gyrus/sulcus for the identification of auditory objects, we argue that pitch chroma may be processed as an identifiable object property in AP musicians. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3486–3501, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.