bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carriage and infection in specialized geriatric care wards linked to acquisition in the referring hospital
Authors: Gorrie Claire L. , Mirceta Mirjana , Wick Ryan R. , Judd Louise M. , Wyres Kelly L. , Thomson Nicholas R. , Strugnell Richard A. , Pratt Nigel F. , Garlick Jill S. , Watson Kerrie M. , Hunter Peter C. , McGloughlin Steve A. , Spelman Denis W. , Jenney Adam W. J. , Holt Kathryn E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundKlebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing hospital-associated infections, for which elderly patients are at increased risk.MethodsWe conducted a 1-year prospective cohort study, in which a third of patients admitted to two geriatric wards in a specialized hospital were recruited and screened for carriage of K. pneumoniae by microbiological culture. Clinical isolates were monitored via the hospital laboratory. Colonizing and clinical isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.ResultsK. pneumoniae throat carriage prevalence was 4.1%, rectal carriage 10.8% and ESBL carriage 1.7%. K. pneumoniae infection incidence was 1.2%. The isolates were diverse, and most patients were colonized or infected with a unique phylogenetic lineage, with no evidence of transmission in the wards. ESBL strains carried blaCTX-M-15and belonged to clones associated with hospital-acquired ESBL infections in other countries (ST29, ST323, ST340).One also carried the carbapenemase blaIMP-26. Genomic and epidemiological data provided evidence that ESBL strains were acquired in the referring hospital. Nanopore sequencing also identified strain-to-strain transmission of a blaCTX-M-15 FIBK/FIIK plasmid in the referring hospital.ConclusionsThe data suggest the major source of K. pneumoniae was the patient’s own gut microbiome, but ESBL strains were acquired in the referring hospital. This highlights the importance of the wider hospital network to understanding K. pneumoniae risk and infection control. Rectal screening for ESBL organisms upon admission to geriatric wards could help inform patient management and infection control in such facilities.SummaryPatients’ own gut microbiota were the major source of K. pneumoniae, but extended-spectrum beta-lactamase strains were acquired in the referring hospital. This highlights the potential for rectal screening, and the importance of the wider hospital network, for local risk management.
Regulation of vocal precision by local noradrenergic modulation of a motor nucleus
Authors: Glaze Christopher M , Castelino Christina B , Bibu Steve P , Yau Elvina , Schmidt Marc F 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTRecent theories of norepinephrine (NE) function suggest that NE modulates the transition between stereotyped, goal-directed behavior and more variable exploratory behaviors that facilitate learning and adaptation. We provide evidence for context dependent switching by NE that is analogous to this explore/exploit strategy in the vocal system of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Stimulation of the locus coeruleus, the major source of norepinephrine in the brain, decreases song trial-to-trial variability transforming the variable, exploratory “undirected” song into song that resembles the more stereotyped, exploitative “directed” song males sing to females. This behavioral switch is mediated by NE acting directly on a cortical motor nucleus that integrates inputs from a premotor cortical nucleus and a basal ganglia circuit necessary for vocal motor learning. These findings suggest that norepinephrine can act directly on the motor system to influence the transition between exploratory and exploitative behavioral strategies.
The role of telomere shortening in carcinogenesis: A hybrid stochastic-deterministic approach
Authors: Rodriguez-Brenes Ignacio A. , Komarova Natalia L. , Wodarz Dominik 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGenome instability is a characteristic of most cancers, contributing to the acquisition of genetic alterations that drive tumor progression. One important source of genome instability is linked to telomere dysfunction in cells with critically short telomeres that lack p53-mediated surveillance of genomic integrity. Here we research the probability that cancer emerges through an evolutionary pathway that includes a telomere-induced phase of genome instability. To implement our models we use a hybrid stochastic-deterministic approach, which allows us to perform large numbers of simulations using biologically realistic population sizes and mutation rates, circumventing the traditional limitations of fully stochastic algorithms. The hybrid methodology should be easily adaptable to a wide range of evolutionary problems. In particular, we model telomere shortening and the acquisition of two mutations: Telomerase activation and p53 inactivation. We find that the death rate of unstable cells, and the number of cell divisions that p53 mutants can sustain beyond the normal senescence setpoint determine the likelihood that the first double mutant originates in a cell with telomere-induced instability. The model has applications to an influential telomerase-null mouse model and p16 silenced human cells. We end by discussing algorithmic performance and a measure for the accuracy of the hybrid approximation.
PGC-1β prevents statin-associated myotoxicity in oxidative skeletal muscle
Authors: Singh François , Zoll Joffrey , Duthaler Urs , Charles Anne-Laure , Laverny Gilles , Metzger Daniel , Geny Bernard , Krähenbühl Stephan , Bouitbir Jamal 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStatins are generally well-tolerated, but can induce myopathy. Statins are associated with impaired expression of PGC-1β in human and rat skeletal muscle. The current study was performed to investigate the relation between PGC-1β expression and function and statin-associated myopathy. In WT mice, atorvastatin impaired mitochondrial function in glycolytic, but not in oxidative muscle. In PGC-1β KO mice, atorvastatin induced a shift from oxidative type IIA to glycolytic type IIB myofibers mainly in oxidative muscle and mitochondrial dysfunction was observed in both muscle types. In glycolytic muscle of WT and KO mice and in oxidative muscle of KO mice, atorvastatin suppressed mitochondrial proliferation and oxidative defense, leading to apoptosis. In contrast, mitochondrial function was maintained or improved and apoptosis decreased by atorvastatin in oxidative muscle of WT mice. In conclusion, PGC-1β has an important role in preventing damage to oxidative muscle in the presence of a mitochondrial toxicant such as atorvastatin.
DNA Damage Induced Chromosomal Instability. Computational modeling view
Authors: Eidelman Y.A. , Slanina S.V. , Pyatenko V.S. , Andreev S.G. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe origin of dose-response curves for radiation-induced chromosomal instability (CI) is studied using the mechanistic CI model. The model takes into account DNA damage generation and repair in the progeny of irradiated cells, cell passage through mitotic cycle, and intercellular signaling. It is shown that the dose-response curves are closely related to the dynamic curves. The principles underlying this relationship are analyzed.
Bin-Free Fitting of Probability Distributions Emphasizing DNA Histograms
Authors: Rochman Nash 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIt is often challenging to find the right bin size when constructing a histogram to represent a noisy experimental data set. This problem is frequently faced when assessing whether a cell synchronization experiment was successful or not. In this case the goal is to determine whether the DNA content is best represented by a unimodal, indicating successful synchronization, or bimodal, indicating unsuccessful synchronization, distribution. This choice of bin size can greatly affect the interpretation of the results; however, it can be avoided by fitting the data to a cumulative distribution function (CDF). Fitting data to a CDF removes the need for bin size selection. The sorted data can also be used to reconstruct an approximate probability density function (PDF) without selecting a bin size. A simple CDF-based approach is presented and the benefits and drawbacks relative to usual methods are discussed.
Protein structures as shapes: Analysing protein structure variation using geometric morphometrics
Authors: Hleap Jose Sergio , Blouin Christian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA phenotype is defined as an organism’s physical traits. In the macroscopic world, an animal’s shape is a phenotype. Geometric morphometrics (GM) can be used to analyze its shape. Let’s pose protein structures as microscopic three dimensional shapes, and apply principles of GM to the analysis of macromolecules. In this paper we introduce a way to 1) abstract a structure as a shape; 2) align the shapes; and 3) perform statistical analysis to establish patterns of variation in the datasets. We show that general procrustes superimposition (GPS) can be replaced by multiple structure alignment without changing the outcome of the test. We also show that estimating the deformation of the shape (structure) can be informative to analyze relative residue variations. Finally, we show an application of GM for two protein structure datasets: 1) in theα-amylase dataset we demonstrate the relationship between structure, function, and how the dependency of chloride has an important effect on the structure; and 2) in the Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) protein’s molecular dynamic simulation dataset, we introduce a simple way to analyze the trajectory of the simulation by means of protein structure variation.
Design technique for leakage current reduction in surge arrester using gravitational search algorithm and imperialist competitive algorithm
Authors: Abdul Latiff Nurul Ain , Illias Hazlee Azil , Abu Bakar Ab Halim , Abd Halim Syahirah , Dabbak Sameh Ziad 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Leakage current is one of the factors, which can contribute towards degradation of surge arresters. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to study on leakage current within surge arresters and improvement on their design.

Design/methodology/approach
In this work, a three-dimensional model geometry of 11 kV zinc oxide surge arrester was designed in finite element analysis and was applied to calculate the leakage current under normal operating condition and being verified with measurement results. The optimisation methods were used to improve the arrester design by minimising the leakage current across the arrester using imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and gravitational search algorithm (GSA).

Findings
The arrester design in reducing leakage current was successfully optimised by varying the glass permittivity, silicone rubber permittivity and the width of the ground terminal of the surge arrester. It was found that the surge arrester design obtained using ICA has lower leakage current than GSA and the original design of the surge arrester.

Practical implications
The comparison between measurement and simulation enables factors that affect the mechanism of leakage current in surge arresters to be identified and provides the ideal design of arrester.

Originality/value
Surge arrester design was optimised by ICA and GSA, which has never been applied in past works in designing surge arrester with minimum leakage current.
An improved quantum based particle swarm optimizer applied to electromagnetic optimization problems
Authors: Rehman Obaid Ur , Yang Shiyou , Khan Shafiullah 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to explore the potential of standard quantum particle swarm optimization algorithms to solve single objective electromagnetic optimization problems.

Design/methodology/approach
A modified quantum particle swarm optimization (MQPSO) algorithm is designed.

Findings
The MQPSO algorithm is an efficient and robust global optimizer for optimizing electromagnetic design problems. The numerical results as reported have demonstrated that the proposed approach can find better final optimal solution at an initial stage of the iterating process as compared to other tested stochastic methods. It also demonstrates that the proposed method can produce better outcomes by using almost the same computation cost (number of iterations). Thus, the merits or advantages of the proposed MQPSO method in terms of both solution quality (objective function values) and convergence speed (number of iterations) are validated.

Originality/value
The improvements include the design of a new position updating formula, the introduction of a new selection method (tournament selection strategy) and the proposal of an updating parameter rule.
Parametric model of electric machines based on exponential Fourier approximations of magnetic air gap flux density and inductance
Authors: Borchardt Norman , Kasper Roland 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This study aims to present a parametric model of a novel electrical machine, based on a slotless air gap winding, allowing for fast and precise magnetic circuit calculations.

Design/methodology/approach
Approximations of Fourier coefficients through an exponential function deliver the required nonlinear air gap flux density and inductance. Accordingly, major machine characteristics, such as back-EMF and torque, can be calculated analytically with high speed and precision. A physical model of the electrical machine with air gap windings is given. It is based on a finite element analysis of the air gap magnetic flux density and inductance. The air gap height and the permanent magnetic height are considered as magnetic circuit parameters.

Findings
In total, 11 Fourier coefficient matrixes with 65 sampling points each were generated. From each, matrix a two-dimensional surface function was approximated by using exponentials. Optimal parameters were calculated by the least-squares method. Comparison with the finite element model demonstrates a very low error of the analytical approximation for all Fourier coefficients considered. Finally, the dynamics of an electrical machine, modeled using the preceding magnetic flux density approximation, are analyzed in MATLAB Simulink. Required approximations of the phase self-inductance and mutual inductance were given. Accordingly, the effects of the two magnetic circuit parameters on the dynamics of electrical machine current as well as the electrical machine torque are explained.

Originality/value
The presented model offers high accuracy comparable to FE-models, needing only very limited computational complexity.
A dynamic particle swarm optimization method applied to global optimizations of engineering inverse problem
Authors: Khan Shafiullah , Yang Shiyou , Rehman Obaid Ur 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to explore the potential of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to solve an electromagnetic inverse problem.

Design/methodology/approach
A modified PSO algorithm is designed.

Findings
The modified PSO algorithm is a more stable, robust and efficient global optimizer for solving the well-known benchmark optimization problems. The new mutation approach preserves the diversity of the population, whereas the proposed dynamic and adaptive parameters maintain a good balance between the exploration and exploitation searches. The numerically experimental results of two case studies demonstrate the merits of the proposed algorithm.

Originality/value
Some improvements, such as the design of a new global mutation mechanism and introducing a novel strategy for learning and control parameters, are proposed.
Design and comparison of two kinds of primary wound field flux-switching linear motors
Authors: Cao Ruiwu , Jin Yi , Zhang Yanze , Cheng Ming 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose the complementary design rules, give a quantitative comparison and analyze the force production mechanism of two kinds of primary wound field flux-switching linear (PWFFSL) motors.

Design/methodology/approach
PWFFSL motors have the merits of no use of rare-earth magnet, low cost and a wide operation range in which the armature windings and the field windings are all located at the short primary mover and the secondary is very robust. Hence, the PWFFSL motor is ideal for rail transportation systems which need a long stator and a wide speed range. To overcome the disadvantages of the existing PWFFSL motors, new complementary design rules will be proposed. Also, to offer a better PWFFSL motor for the rail transportation systems, it is necessary to investigate different structures of PWFFSL motors and give a comprehensive comparison. To predict the force performance of two kinds of PWFFSL motors with different secondary types, their flux density analysis and force production mechanism will be presented and compared.

Findings
The comparison result shows that the PWFFSL motor with toothed secondary can offer larger thrust force, higher force density and higher efficiency, whereas the PWFFSL motor with segmented secondary has the merits of lower force ripple, less use of stator iron, higher power factor and less critical saturation.

Research limitations/implications
Many PWFFSL motors with different primary/secondary pole pitches based on the proposed design principle have not been considered in this paper.

Originality/value
This paper has presented the air-gap flux analysis, proposed the complementary design rules for two kinds of PWFFSL motors with different secondary types and compared the electromagnetic performance of the two motors.
Sensorless online measurements: application to variable speed drive systems
Authors: Al – Tahir Ali Abdul Razzaq 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Sensorless online measurements, application of variable speed drives has been given a great attention, especially over the past few years. In most of the previous literates dealing with permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives, the combination of inter-sampled behavior with high gain design approach has not been discussed yet. This paper aims to discuss this feature in-depth.

Design/methodology/approach
The study contains a different approach for an observer running with surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine drives to implement sensorless control. Design of sampled data observer methodology for one kind of AC machine having non-linear model and backed by an elegant formal stability convergence analysis using the tools of Lyapunov stability techniques was highly recommended in scientific contributions, and it is yet needed to be solved.

Findings
In this study, a solution to observation problem is covered and developed by combining ideas from the high-gain design approach and inter-sample predictor based on stator voltage measurements. The output state currents are accessible only at the sampling instant to solve the problem of states observation at continuous-time mode. This allows to reducing the usage of online appliances, improving reliability of control design and saving costs.

Practical implications
The proposed observer is capable of guaranteeing an acceptable closed loop dynamic response over a wide range of operation region and industrial process for random initial conditions.

Originality/value
The output state predictor has been interred in constructing the innovation correct term to prove the robustness of the proposed observer against attenuated sampling interval. To validate the theoretical results introduced by the main fundamental theorem and prove the observer stability convergence, the proposed observer is demonstrated through a sample study application to variable speed permanent magnet synchronous machine drive.
A novel MRTD model for signal integrity analysis of resistive driven coupled copper interconnects
Authors: Rebelli Shashank , Nistala Bheema Rao 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to model the coupled on-chip Copper (Cu) interconnects by using the multiresolution time-domain (MRTD) method.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed model is a wavelet-based numerical method for analyzing signal integrity and propagation delay of coupled on-chip interconnects. Moreover, the dependency of crosstalk noise and delay on coupling parasitics (L12, C12) are analyzed.

Findings
The proposed MRTD method captures the behaviour of propagation delay and peak crosstalk noise on victim line against coupling parasitics, which is in close agreement with that of H simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (HSPICE). The average error for the proposed model is less than 1 per cent with respect to HSPICE for the estimation of peak crosstalk noise voltage.

Practical implications
Simulations are performed using HSPICE and compared with those performed using the proposed MRTD method for global interconnect length with 130-nm technology, where the computations of the proposed model are carried out using Matlab.

Originality/value
The MRTD method with its unique features is tailored for modelling interconnects. To build further credence to this and its profound existence in the latest state-of-art works, simulations of crosstalk noise and propagation delay, for coupled Cu interconnect lines, using MRTD and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) are executed. The results illustrated the dominance of MRTD method over FDTD in terms of accuracy.
Nonlinear three-port magnetic-circuit elements for simulating bending magnets
Authors: De Gersem Herbert , Srinivasan Vaishnavi , Muehle Carsten 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show that constructing magnetic equivalent circuits (MECs) for simulating accelerator magnets is possible by defining a three-port magnetic element for modelling the T-shape field distribution, where the flux leaves the yoke and enters the aperture.

Design/methodology/approach
A linear three-port magnetic element is extracted from an analytical field solution and can be represented by a number of two-port elements. Its nonlinear counterpart is obtained as a combination of the corresponding nonlinear two-port elements. An improved nonlinear three-port element is developed on the basis of an embedded nonlinear one-dimensional finite element model.

Findings
The T-shaped field distribution comes together with a complicated interplay between the saturation of the ferromagnetic yoke parts and flux leaking to the aperture. This is more accurately modelled by the improved nonlinear three-port magnetic element.

Research limitations/implications
MECs have a limited validity range, especially for configurations where a high saturation level and fringing flux effects coexist.

Practical implications
The results of the paper appeal to be careful with applying nonlinear MECs for simulating bending magnets.

Originality/value
A new nonlinear three-port magnetic element for ferromagnetic yoke parts with T-shaped flux distribution has been developed.