bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job Stressors and Job Satisfaction in a Major Metropolitan Public EMS Service
Authors: Bowron J. Shelby , Todd Knox H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroduction:Behavioral and social science research suggests that job satisfaction and job performance are positively correlated. It is important that Emergency Medical Services managers identify predictors of job satisfaction in order to maximize job performance among prehospital personnel.Purpose:Identify job stressors that predict the level of job satisfaction among prehospital personnel.Methods:The study was conducted with in a large, urban Emergency Medical Services (Emergency Medical Services) service performing approximately 60,000 Advanced Life Support (Advanced Life Support) responses annually. Using focus groups and informal interviews, potential predictors of global job satisfaction were identified. These factors included: interactions with hospital nurses and physicians; on-line communications; dispatching; training provided by the ambulance service; relationship with supervisors and; standing orders as presently employed by the ambulance service. These factors were incorporated into a 21 item questionnaire including one item measuring global job satisfaction, 14 items measuring potential predictors of satisfaction, and seven questions exploring demographic information such as age, gender, race, years of experience, and years with the company. The survey was administered to all paramedics and Emergency Medical Technicians (Emergency Medical Technicians s) Results of the survey were analyzed using univariate and multivariate techniques to identify predictors of global job satisfaction.Results:Ninety paramedics and Emergency Medical Technicians participated in the study, a response rate of 57.3%. Job satisfaction was cited as extremely satisfying by 11%, very satisfying by 29%, satisfying by 45%, and not satisfying by 15% of respondents. On univariate analysis, only the quality of training, quality of physician interaction, and career choice were associated with global job satisfaction. On multivariate analysis, only career choice (p = 0.005) and quality of physician interaction (p = 0.05) were predictive of global job satisfactionConclusion:Quality of career choice and interactions with physicians are predictive of global job satisfaction within this urban emergency medical service (Emergency Medical Technicians). Future studies should examine specific characteristics of the physician-paramedic interface that influence job satisfaction and attempt to generalize these results to other settings.
Comparison of planned menus and centre characteristics with foods and beverages served in New York City child-care centres
Authors: Breck Andrew , Dixon L Beth , Kettel Khan Laura 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe present study evaluated the extent to which child-care centre menus prepared in advance correspond with food and beverage items served to children. The authors identified centre and staff characteristics that were associated with matches between menus and what was served.DesignMenus were collected from ninety-five centres in New York City (NYC). Direct observation of foods and beverages served to children were conducted during 524 meal and snack times at these centres between April and June 2010, as part of a larger study designed to determine compliance of child-care centres with city health department regulations for nutrition.SettingChild-care centres were located in low-income neighbourhoods in NYC.ResultsOverall, 87 % of the foods and beverages listed on the menus or allowed as substitutions were served. Menu items matched with foods and beverages served for all major food groups by >60 %. Sweets and water had lower match percentages (40 and 32 %, respectively), but water was served 68 % of the time when it was not listed on the menu. The staff person making the food and purchasing decisions predicted the match between the planned or substituted items on the menus and the foods and beverages served.ConclusionsIn the present study, child-care centre menus included most foods and beverages served to children. Menus planned in advance have potential to be used to inform parents about which child-care centre to send their child or what foods and beverages their enrolled children will be offered throughout the day.
Comparison of children’s food and beverage intakes with national recommendations in New York City child-care centres
Authors: Dixon L Beth , Breck Andrew , Kettel Khan Laura 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe present study compared foods and beverages provided to and consumed by children at child-care centres in New York City (NYC) with national nutrition recommendations.DesignThe study used survey, observational and centre record data collected from child-care centres. Food and beverage intakes from two days of observation and amounts of energy and nutrients were estimated using the US National Cancer Institute’s Automated Self-Administered 24 h Recall system.SettingMeal and snack time at 108 child-care centres in low-income communities in NYC.SubjectsChildren aged 3–4 years old in classrooms selected by the directors of the participating child-care centres.ResultsFoods and beverages provided to and consumed by children (n 630) met >50 % of the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for most nutrients. Intakes of fibre and vitamins D and E were <30 % of the DRI. Foods and beverages provided >50 % of the recommended average daily intake amounts for total grains, fruits and fruit juices, and dairy, but <50 % of the recommended amounts for whole grains, protein foods and vegetables. Intake of oils was below the allowance for energy levels, but foods and beverages with solid fats and added sugars exceeded the limits by 68 %.ConclusionsProviding more whole grains, vegetables and low-fat dairy and fewer foods with solid fats and added sugars may improve children’s diet quality when at child-care centres. Centre staff may need training, resources and strategies in order to meet the nutrition recommendations.
Food variety consumption and household food insecurity coping strategies after the 2010 landslide disaster – the case of Uganda
Authors: Rukundo Peter M , Oshaug Arne , Andreassen Bård A , Kikafunda Joyce , Rukooko Byaruhanga , Iversen Per O 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the nutritional situation of the victims of the 2010 landslide disaster in Uganda, food varieties consumed and coping strategies were assessed.DesignCross-sectional. Food variety scores (FVS) were obtained as the total of food items eaten over the last week while an index was based on severity weighting of household food insecurity coping strategies. We included 545 affected and 533 control households.SettingVictims in the affected Bududa district in Eastern Uganda and those victims resettled in the Kiryandongo district, Western Uganda.ResultsAdjusted for covariates, in Bududa significantly higher mean FVS were observed among: affected than controls; farmers than others; and relief food recipients. Control households scored higher means (se) on severity of coping: 28·6 (1·3) v. 19·2 (1·2; P<0·01). In Kiryandongo, significantly higher FVS were observed among: control households; household heads educated above primary school; those with assets that complement food source; and recipients of relief food. Severity of coping was significantly higher among affected households and non-recipients of relief food. Affected households had a higher likelihood to skip a day without eating a household meal in Bududa (OR=2·31; 95 % CI 1·62, 3·29; P<0·01) and Kiryandongo (OR=1·77; 95 % CI 1·23, 2·57; P<0·01).ConclusionsWhereas FVS and severity of coping showed opposite trends in the two districts, resettlement into Kiryandongo led to severe coping experiences. Administrative measures that provide a combination of relief food, social protection and resettlement integration may offset undesirable coping strategies affecting diet.
Erschöpfung und Engagement im Studium
Authors: Gusy Burkhard , Wörfel Franziska , Lohmann Katrin 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung. Das in der arbeitspsychologischen Forschung gut etablierte Job Demands-Resources Modell ( Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner & Schaufeli, 2001 ) bewährt sich auch im Studienkontext. Analog zu den Annahmen dieses Modells werden bezogen auf das Studium zwei parallel ablaufende Prozesse angenommen: ein Pfad der Gesundheitsbeeinträchtigung, in dem Anforderungen im Studium vermittelt durch Erschöpfung zu gesundheitlichen Einbußen führen und ein motivationaler Pfad, bei dem Ressourcen vermittelt über Engagement zu einem Zugewinn an Gesundheit führen. Für die Analysen wurden Daten von 808 Studierenden genutzt. Sie gaben Auskunft zu ihrem Erschöpfungserleben, ihrem Engagement, ihrer Wahrnehmung und Bewertung von Anforderungen und Ressourcen im Studium sowie ihrem Wohlbefinden. Die oben skizzierten Wirkmechanismen wurden in einem Strukturgleichungsmodell geprüft. Wahrgenommene Anforderungen im Studium sind hypothesenkonform mit Erschöpfung (ß = .79) und darüber invers mit Beeinträchtigungen des Wohlbefindens (ß = -.53) assoziiert, eine gute Ressourcenausstattung hingegen korreliert mit Engagement (ß = .78) sowie positiv mit dem Wohlbefinden (ß = .32). Das Modell parallel ablaufender Prozesse ist akzeptabel an die Daten angepasst. Ein Modell mit kreuzweiser Verschränkung der Pfade von Ressourcen auf Erschöpfung und von Anforderungen auf Engagement bringt gegenüber dem Ausgangsmodell parallel ablaufender Prozesse einen leichten Zugewinn. Die Korrelation zwischen Ressourcen im Studium und Erschöpfung (ß = -.18) erwies sich zwar als signifikant, nicht aber die zwischen Anforderungen im Studium und Engagement (ß = .02).
Das subjektive Wohlbefinden von pflegenden Angehörigen nach einer Trainings- und Erholungswoche
Authors: Hetzel Christian , Opfermann-Kersten Martina , Holzer Michael 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Evaluation des subjektiven Wohlbefindens nach einer einwöchigen Gruppenintervention für pflegende Angehörige, durchgeführt von der Sozialversicherung für Landwirtschaft, Forsten und Gartenbau. Für das Wohlbefinden (WHO-5 Index) wird ein Längsschnitt mit vier Messzeitpunkten innerhalb von 6 Monaten in zwei Regionen bzw. drei Einrichtungen eingesetzt und mehrebenenanalytisch (n = 545 Messwerte von n = 145 Personen) im finalen Modell für Geschlecht, Pflegebedürftigkeit, Region und Verlauf der Pflegebelastungen kontrolliert. In der Gesamtgruppe (86 % Frauen, mittleres Alter 57 Jahre, 54 % klinisch relevante Depressivität, 64 % mindestens Pflegestufe 2, 40 % Demenz) scheint das Wohlbefinden kurzfristig sehr deutlich (Cohen’s d = 0,41) zu steigen und mittelfristig geringfügig über dem Ausgangsniveau (d = 0,17) zu bleiben. Die Kurven variieren substanziell nach Region und Verlauf der Pflegebelastungen. Diskutiert werden insbesondere Verbesserungspotenziale in der Qualität und der Nachhaltigkeit der Intervention. Kausale Aussagen sind begrenzt, weil eine längsschnittliche Kontrollgruppe fehlt. Die Intervention könnte ein Modell für eine gesetzliche Regelleistung sein.
SURVIV for survival analysis of mRNA isoform variation
Authors: Shen Shihao , Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Chengyang , Wu Ying Nian , Xing Yi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe rapid accumulation of clinical RNA-seq data sets has provided the opportunity to associate mRNA isoform variations to clinical outcomes. Here we report a statistical method SURVIV (Survival analysis of mRNAIsoformVariation), designed for identifying mRNA isoform variation associated with patient survival time. A unique feature and major strength of SURVIV is that it models the measurement uncertainty of mRNA isoform ratio in RNA-seq data. Simulation studies suggest that SURVIV outperforms the conventional Cox regression survival analysis, especially for data sets with modest sequencing depth. We applied SURVIV to TCGA RNA-seq data of invasive ductal carcinoma as well as five additional cancer types. Alternative splicing-based survival predictors consistently outperform gene expression-based survival predictors, and the integration of clinical, gene expression and alternative splicing profiles leads to the best survival prediction. We anticipate that SURVIV will have broad utilities for analysing diverse types of mRNA isoform variation in large-scale clinical RNA-seq projects.
High-efficiency and air-stable P3HT-based polymer solar cells with a new non-fullerene acceptor
Authors: Holliday Sarah , Ashraf Raja Shahid , Wadsworth Andrew , Baran Derya , Yousaf Syeda Amber , Nielsen Christian B. , Tan Ching-Hong , Dimitrov Stoichko D. , Shang Zhengrong , Gasparini Nicola , Alamoudi Maha , Laquai Frédéric , Brabec Christoph J. , Salleo Alberto , Durrant James R. , McCulloch Iain 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSolution-processed organic photovoltaics (OPV) offer the attractive prospect of low-cost, light-weight and environmentally benign solar energy production. The highest efficiency OPV at present use low-bandgap donor polymers, many of which suffer from problems with stability and synthetic scalability. They also rely on fullerene-based acceptors, which themselves have issues with cost, stability and limited spectral absorption. Here we present a new non-fullerene acceptor that has been specifically designed to give improved performance alongside the wide bandgap donor poly(3-hexylthiophene), a polymer with significantly better prospects for commercial OPV due to its relative scalability and stability. Thanks to the well-matched optoelectronic and morphological properties of these materials, efficiencies of 6.4% are achieved which is the highest reported for fullerene-free P3HT devices. In addition, dramatically improved air stability is demonstrated relative to other high-efficiency OPV, showing the excellent potential of this new material combination for future technological applications.
Arctic cut-off high drives the poleward shift of a new Greenland melting record
Authors: Tedesco M. , Mote T. , Fettweis X. , Hanna E. , Jeyaratnam J. , Booth J. F. , Datta R. , Briggs K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLarge-scale atmospheric circulation controls the mass and energy balance of the Greenland ice sheet through its impact on radiative budget, runoff and accumulation. Here, using reanalysis data and the outputs of a regional climate model, we show that the persistence of an exceptional atmospheric ridge, centred over the Arctic Ocean, was responsible for a poleward shift of runoff, albedo and surface temperature records over the Greenland during the summer of 2015. New records of monthly mean zonal winds at 500 hPa and of the maximum latitude of ridge peaks of the 5,700±50 m isohypse over the Arctic were associated with the formation and persistency of a cutoff high. The unprecedented (1948–2015) and sustained atmospheric conditions promoted enhanced runoff, increased the surface temperatures and decreased the albedo in northern Greenland, while inhibiting melting in the south, where new melting records were set over the past decade.
The Parkinson’s disease-associated genes ATP13A2 and SYT11 regulate autophagy via a common pathway
Authors: Bento Carla F. , Ashkenazi Avraham , Jimenez-Sanchez Maria , Rubinsztein David C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractForms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are associated with lysosomal and autophagic dysfunction. ATP13A2, which is mutated in some types of early-onset Parkinsonism, has been suggested as a regulator of the autophagy–lysosome pathway. However, little is known about the ATP13A2 effectors and how they regulate this pathway. Here we show that ATP13A2 depletion negatively regulates another PD-associated gene (SYT11) at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. Decreased SYT11 transcription is controlled by a mechanism dependent on MYCBP2-induced ubiquitination of TSC2, which leads to mTORC1 activation and decreased TFEB-mediated transcription of SYT11, while increased protein turnover is regulated by SYT11 ubiquitination and degradation. Both mechanisms account for a decrease in the levels of SYT11, which, in turn, induces lysosomal dysfunction and impaired degradation of autophagosomes. Thus, we propose that ATP13A2 and SYT11 form a new functional network in the regulation of the autophagy–lysosome pathway, which is likely to contribute to forms of PD-associated neurodegeneration.
Syndecan-4 negatively regulates antiviral signalling by mediating RIG-I deubiquitination via CYLD
Authors: Lin Wei , Zhang Jing , Lin Haiyan , Li Zexing , Sun Xiaofeng , Xin Di , Yang Meng , Sun Liwei , Li Lin , Wang Hongmei , Chen Dahua , Sun Qinmiao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRetinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) plays important roles in pathogen recognition and antiviral signalling transduction. Here we show that syndecan-4 (SDC4) is a RIG-I-interacting partner identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen. We find that SDC4 negatively regulates the RIG-I-mediated antiviral signalling in a feedback-loop control manner. The genetic evidence obtained by using knockout mice further emphasizes this biological role of SDC4 in antiviral signalling. Mechanistically, we show that SDC4 interacts with both RIG-I and deubiquitinase CYLD via its carboxyl-terminal intracellular region. SDC4 likely promotes redistribution of RIG-I and CYLD in a perinuclear pattern post viral infection, and thus enhances the RIG-I–CYLD interaction and potentiates the K63-linked deubiquitination of RIG-I. Collectively, our findings uncover a mechanism by which SDC4 antagonizes the activation of RIG-I in a CYLD-mediated deubiquitination-dependent process, thereby balancing antiviral signalling to avoid deleterious effects on host cells.
Potentially Extreme Population Displacement and Concentration in the Tropics Under Non-Extreme Warming
Authors: Hsiang Solomon M. , Sobel Adam H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEvidence increasingly suggests that as climate warms, some plant, animal and human populations may move to preserve their environmental temperature. The distances they must travel to do this depends on how much cooler nearby surfaces temperatures are. Because large-scale atmospheric dynamics constrain surface temperatures to be nearly uniform near the equator, these displacements can grow to extreme distances in the tropics, even under relatively mild warming scenarios. Here we show that in order to preserve their annual mean temperatures, tropical populations would have to travel distances greater than 1000 km over less than a century if global mean temperature rises by 2 °C over the same period. The disproportionately rapid evacuation of the tropics under such a scenario would cause migrants to concentrate in tropical margins and the subtropics, where population densities would increase 300% or more. These results may have critical consequences for ecosystem and human wellbeing in tropical contexts where alternatives to geographic displacement are limited.
Establishing Virulence Associated Polyphosphate Kinase 2 as a drug target for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Singh Mamta , Tiwari Prabhakar , Arora Garima , Agarwal Sakshi , Kidwai Saqib , Singh Ramandeep 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInorganic polyphosphate (PolyP) plays an essential role in microbial stress adaptation, virulence and drug tolerance. The genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes for two polyphosphate kinases (PPK-1, Rv2984 and PPK-2, Rv3232c) and polyphosphatases (ppx-1, Rv0496 and ppx-2, Rv1026) for maintenance of intracellular PolyP levels. Microbial polyphosphate kinases constitute a molecular mechanism, whereby microorganisms utilize PolyP as phosphate donor for synthesis of ATP. In the present study we have constructed ppk-2 mutant strain of M. tuberculosis and demonstrate that PPK-2 enzyme contributes to its ability to cause disease in guinea pigs. We observed that ppk-2 mutant strain infected guinea pigs had significantly reduced bacterial loads and tissue pathology in comparison to wild type infected guinea pigs at later stages of infection. We also report that in comparison to the wild type strain, ppk-2 mutant strain was more tolerant to isoniazid and impaired for survival in THP-1 macrophages. In the present study we have standardized a luciferase based assay system to identify chemical scaffolds that are non-cytotoxic and inhibit M. tuberculosis PPK-2 enzyme. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study demonstrating feasibility of high throughput screening to obtain small molecule PPK-2 inhibitors.
Fermentation based carbon nanotube multifunctional bionic composites
Authors: Valentini Luca , Bon Silvia Bittolo , Signetti Stefano , Tripathi Manoj , Iacob Erica , Pugno Nicola M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe exploitation of the processes used by microorganisms to digest nutrients for their growth can be a viable method for the formation of a wide range of so called biogenic materials that have unique properties that are not produced by abiotic processes. Here we produced living hybrid materials by giving to unicellular organisms the nutrient to grow. Based on bread fermentation, a bionic composite made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and a single-cell fungi, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast extract, was prepared by fermentation of such microorganisms at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy analysis suggests that the CNTs were internalized by the cell after fermentation bridging the cells. Tensile tests on dried composite films have been rationalized in terms of a CNT cell bridging mechanism where the strongly enhanced strength of the composite is governed by the adhesion energy between the bridging carbon nanotubes and the matrix. The addition of CNTs also significantly improved the electrical conductivity along with a higher photoconductive activity. The proposed process could lead to the development of more complex and interactive structures programmed to self-assemble into specific patterns, such as those on strain or light sensors that could sense damage or convert light stimulus in an electrical signal.
Novel p-wave superfluids of fermionic polar molecules
Authors: Fedorov A. K. , Matveenko S. I. , Yudson V. I. , Shlyapnikov G. V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRecently suggested subwavelength lattices offer remarkable prospects for the observation of novel superfluids of fermionic polar molecules. It becomes realistic to obtain a topological p-wave superfluid of microwave-dressed polar molecules in 2D lattices at temperatures of the order of tens of nanokelvins, which is promising for topologically protected quantum information processing. Another foreseen novel phase is an interlayer p-wave superfluid of polar molecules in a bilayer geometry.
Identification and tissue expression profile of genes from three chemoreceptor families in an urban pest, Periplaneta americana
Authors: Chen Yan , He Ming , Li Zhao-Qun , Zhang Ya-Nan , He Peng 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPeriplaneta americana is a notorious urban pest prevalent in human habitats; very little is known about its chemosensory mechanism. Employing the advanced next-generation sequencing technique, in the present study, we conducted transcriptome sequencing and analysis of the antennae of the adult males and females as well as their mouthparts using an Illumina platform. This resulted in the discovery of a huge number of the members of all major known chemosensory receptor families in P. americana, including 96 odorant receptors (ORs), 53 ionotropic receptors (IRs) and 33 gustatory receptors (GRs). Tissue expression profiles showed most of them mainly expressed in antennae and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the expansion in the clade distinguishing them from other functionally well-known Lepidoptera species. A high percentage of chemosensory receptor genes (ORs in particular) showing female antenna bias in mRNA expression was observed. Our results provide a basis for further investigations on how P. americana coordinates its chemosensory receptor genes in chemical communication with environments and for development of novel pest management approaches.