bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable Generation of a Submillimeter Single Bubble in Molten Metal Using a Low-Pressure Macrosized Cavity
Authors: Konovalenko Alexander , Sköld Per , Kudinov Pavel , Bechta Sevostian , Grishchenko Dmitry 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We develop a method for generation of a single gas bubble in a pool of molten metal. The method can be useful for applications and research studies where a controllable generation of a single submillimeter bubble in opaque hot liquid is required. The method resolves difficulties with bubble detachment from the orifice, wettability issues, capillary channel and orifice surfaces degradation due to contact with corrosive hot liquid, etc. The macrosized, 5- to 50-mm3 cavity is drilled in the solid part of the pool. Flushing the cavity with gas, vacuuming it to low pressure, as well as sealing and consequent remelting cause cavity implosion due to a few orders in magnitude pressure difference between the cavity and the molten pool. We experimentally demonstrate a controllable production of single bubbles ranging from a few milliliters down to submillimeter size. The uncertainties in size and bubble release timing are estimated and compared with experimental observations for bubbles ranging within 0.16 to 4 mm in equivalent-volume sphere diameter. Our results are obtained in heavy liquid metals such as Wood’s and Lead-Bismuth eutectics at 353 K to 423 K (80 °C to 150 °C).
Gastric vascular and motor responses to anaphylactic hypotension in anesthetized rats, in comparison to those with hemorrhagic or vasodilator-induced hypotension
Authors: Kuda Yuhichi , Shibamoto Toshishige , Zhang Tao , Yang Wei , Tanida Mamoru , Kurata Yasutaka 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Anaphylactic shock is life-threatening, but pathophysiology of the stomach lesion remains unclear. We determined gastric hemodynamics and gastric functions during anaphylactic hypotension, as compared to hypotension induced by hemorrhage or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in anesthetized and ovalbumin-sensitized Sprague–Dawley rats. Systemic arterial pressure, portal venous pressure, and gastric arterial blood flow were measured, and gastric vascular resistance (GVR) was determined. Separately, the intragastric pressure (IGP) and gastric effluent, as a measure of gastric flux, were continuously measured. During anaphylaxis, GVR decreased only transiently at 0.5 min, followed by an increase. IGP increased markedly, while gastric flux decreased. During hemorrhage, GVR and IGP increased, while gastric flux did not change. When SNP was injected, both GVR and IGP decreased and gastric flux increased only just after injection. In conclusion, gastric vasodilatation occurs only transiently after antigen injection, and gastric motility increases, but gastric emptying deceases during anaphylactic hypotension in anesthetized rats.
Clinical Issues‐February 2017
Authors: Ogg Mary J. , Wood Amber 
Published: January 2017

This MonthImplementing surgical smoke evacuation practicesKey words: surgical smoke, compliance, health effects, smoke evacuators.Surgical smoke evacuation policies and proceduresKey words: surgical smoke, smoke evacuation, policy, procedure.Measuring compliance with surgical smoke evacuation practicesKey words: surgical smoke, smoke evacuation, compliance.Patient safety and hand hygieneKey words: hand hygiene, hand wash, hand rub, patient safety, point of use.
Urine Culture Testing in Community Nursing Homes: Gateway to Antibiotic Overprescribing
Authors: Sloane Philip D. , Kistler Christine E. , Reed David , Weber David J. , Ward Kimberly , Zimmerman Sheryl 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVETo describe current practice around urine testing and identify factors leading to overtreatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in community nursing homes (NHs)DESIGNObservational study of a stratified random sample of NH patients who had urine cultures ordered in NHs within a 1-month study periodSETTING31 NHs in North CarolinaPARTICIPANTS254 NH residents who had a urine culture ordered within the 1-month study periodMETHODSWe conducted an NH record audit of clinical and laboratory information during the 2 days before and 7 days after a urine culture was ordered. We compared these results with the urine antibiogram from the 31 NHs.RESULTSEmpirical treatment was started in 30% of cases. When cultures were reported, previously untreated cases received antibiotics 89% of the time for colony counts of ≥100,000 CFU/mL and in 35% of cases with colony counts of 10,000–99,000 CFU/mL. Due to the high rate of prescribing when culture results returned, 74% of these patients ultimately received a full course of antibiotics. Treated and untreated patients did not significantly differ in temperature, frequency of urinary signs and symptoms, or presence of Loeb criteria for antibiotic initiation. Factors most commonly associated with urine culture ordering were acute mental status changes (32%); change in the urine color, odor, or sediment (17%); and dysuria (15%).CONCLUSIONSUrine cultures play a significant role in antibiotic overprescribing. Antibiotic stewardship efforts in NHs should include reduction in culture ordering for factors not associated with infection-related morbidity as well as more scrutiny of patient condition when results become available.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:524–531
Interhospital Comparison of Surgical Site Infection Rates in Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Skufca Jozica , Ollgren Jukka , Virtanen Mikko J. , Huotari Kaisa , Lyytikäinen Outi 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether comparison by deep or adjusted deep surgical site infection (SSI) rates in orthopedic surgeries are a better basis for feedback to Finnish hospitals than overall SSI ratesDESIGNRetrospective cohort studySETTINGHospitals conducting surveillance of hip arthroplasties (HPROs) and knee arthroplasties (KPROs) in the Finnish Hospital Infection ProgramMETHODSWe analyzed surveillance data for 73,227 HPROs and 56,860 KPROs performed in 18 hospitals during 1999–2014. For each hospital, the overall, deep, and adjusted deep SSI rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and the hospital ranks were simulated in the Bayesian framework. Adjustments were performed using relevant patient and hospital characteristics. The correlation between the median expected hospital ranks in overall versus deep SSI rates and deep vs adjusted deep SSI rates were assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient ρ.RESULTSFor HPRO, the overall SSI rates ranged from 0.92 to 6.83, the deep SSI rates ranged from 0.34 to 1.86, and the adjusted deep hospital-specific SSI rates ranged from 0.37 to 1.85. For KPRO, the overall SSI rates ranged from 0.71 to 5.03, the deep SSI rates ranged from 0.42 to 1.60, and the adjusted deep hospital-specific SSI rates ranged from 0.56 to 1.55. For both procedures, the 95% CIs of the rates between hospitals largely overlapped; only single outliers were detected. Hospital rank did not correlate between overall and deep SSI rates (HPRO, ρ=0.03; KPRO, ρ=0.40), but a correlation was observed in hospital rank for deep and adjusted deep SSI rates (HPRO, ρ=0.85; KPRO, ρ=0.94).CONCLUSIONDeep SSI rates may be a better tool for interhospital comparisons than overall SSI rates. Although the adjustment could lead to fairer hospital ranking, it is not always necessary for feedback.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:423–429
The diagnosis, clinical findings and treatment options for Parkinson's disease patients attending a tertiary referral voice clinic
Authors: Gibbins N , Awad R , Harris S , Aymat A 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground:Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, mainly affecting motor functions including the voice. The aetiology of dysphonia changes throughout the course of disease progression.Objectives:This study aimed to determine the laryngeal changes seen in early-, mid- and late-stage Parkinson's disease. Thirteen patients with Parkinson's disease are presented, representing the largest series of voice patients with Parkinson's disease seen in a voice clinic in the literature.Method:Age, gender, severity of handicap caused by voice disorder and possible associated reflux symptoms were examined.Results:Laryngeal function appeared to change gradually with progression of the disease, and may have been affected by the presence of pre-existing laryngeal pathology.Conclusion:Laryngeal function in Parkinson's disease appears to go through a series of changes that may be helped by both therapeutic and surgical interventions. These patients should be treated within the confines of a voice clinic multidisciplinary model.
‘BEAMED DIRECTLY TO THE CHILDREN’: SCHOOL BROADCASTING AND SEX EDUCATION IN BRITAIN IN THE 1960s AND 1970s
Authors: Gregory Mara 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper presents findings from a larger research project that addresses the production, content and reception of sex education broadcasts produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation and Independent Television in the 1960s and 1970s. More than educational aids, these programmes were vehicles of communication with explicit and implicit messages regarding sexual morality and the nature of childhood. With a focus on the broadcast media and their modes of address to children, this paper connects sex education content with classroom practice and broadly questions how broadcasts portrayed and authorised certain images, types of knowledge and methods for teaching children about sex.
GANEing on emotion and emotion regulation
Authors: Hull Thomas D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe function of emotion and its underlying neural mechanisms are often left underspecified. I extend the GANE (glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects) model by examining its success in accounting for findings in emotion regulation. I also identify points of alignment with construction models of emotion and with the hypothesis that emotion states function to push neural activity toward rapid and efficient action.
Once more with feeling: On the explanatory limits of the GANE model and the missing role of subjective experience
Authors: Huntsinger Jeffrey R. , Storbeck Justin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe applaud Mather and colleagues' model, which emphasizes the neurobiological pathways by which affective arousal tunes attention and memory. This commentary offers a friendly discussion of several potential limitations of the theory. We suggest the model is strong when predicting task-driven demands but is limited when predicting the impact of individual biases, interpretations, and experiential feelings.
What BANE can offer GANE: Individual differences in function of hotspot mechanisms
Authors: Todd Rebecca M. , Ehlers Mana R. , Anderson Adam K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this commentary we focus on individual differences in proposed mechanisms underlying arousal-based enhancement of prioritized stimuli. We discuss the potential of genotyping studies for examining effects of noradrenergic processes on stimulus prioritization in humans and stress the importance of potential individual differences in the activity of specific receptor subtypes in hotspot processes proposed by the GANE model.
Studies on cognitively driven attention suggest that late vision is cognitively penetrated, whereas early vision is not
Authors: Raftopoulos Athanassios 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFirestone & Scholl (F&S) examine, among other possible cognitive influences on perception, the effects of peripheral attention and conclude that these effects do not entail cognition directly affecting perception. Studies in neuroscience with other forms of attention, however, suggest that a stage of vision, namely late vision, is cognitively penetrated mainly through the effects of cognitively driven spatial and object-centered attention.
The myth of pure perception
Authors: Clore Gerald L. , Proffitt Dennis R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFirestone & Scholl (F&S) assume that pure perception is unaffected by cognition. This assumption is untenable for definitional, anatomical, and empirical reasons. They discount research showing nonoptical influences on visual perception, pointing out possible methodological “pitfalls.” Results generated in multiple labs are immune to these “pitfalls,” suggesting that perceptions of physical layout do indeed reflect bioenergetic resources.
An action-specific effect on perception that avoids all pitfalls
Authors: Witt Jessica K. , Sugovic Mila , Tenhundfeld Nathan L. , King Zachary R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe visual system is influenced by action. Objects that are easier to reach or catch look closer and slower, respectively. Here, we describe evidence for one action-specific effect, and show that none of the six pitfalls can account for the results. Vision is not an isolate module, as shown by this top-down effect of action on perception.
What draws the line between perception and cognition?
Authors: Rolfs Martin , Dambacher Michael 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe investigation of top-down effects on perception requires a rigorous definition of what qualifies as perceptual to begin with. Whereas Firestone & Scholl's (F&S's) phenomenological demarcation of perception from cognition appeals to intuition, we argue that the dividing line is best attained at the functional level. We exemplify how this approach facilitates scrutinizing putative interactions between judging and perceiving.
Cognition can affect perception: Restating the evidence of a top-down effect
Authors: Levin Daniel T. , Baker Lewis J. , Banaji Mahzarin R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe argue that Firestone & Scholl (F&S) provide worthwhile recommendations but that their critique of research by Levin and Banaji (2006) is unfounded. In addition, we argue that F&S apply unjustified level of skepticism about top-down effects relative to other broad hypotheses about the sources of perceptual intelligence.
The El Greco fallacy and pupillometry: Pupillary evidence for top-down effects on perception
Authors: Xie Weizhen , Zhang Weiwei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this commentary, we address the El Greco fallacy by reviewing some recent pupillary evidence supporting top-down modulation of perception. Furthermore, we give justification for including perceptual effects of attention in tests of cognitive penetrability. Together, these exhibits suggest that cognition can affect perception (i.e., they support cognitive penetrability).
Representation of affect in sensory cortex
Authors: Miskovic Vladimir , Kuntzelman Karl , Chikazoe Junichi , Anderson Adam K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractContemporary neuroscience suggests that perception is perhaps best understood as a dynamically iterative process that does not honor cleanly segregated “bottom-up” or “top-down” streams. We argue that there is substantial empirical support for the idea that affective influences infiltrate the earliest reaches of sensory processing and even that primitive internal affective dimensions (e.g., goodness-to-badness) are represented alongside physical dimensions of the external world.
On the neural implausibility of the modular mind: Evidence for distributed construction dissolves boundaries between perception, cognition, and emotion
Authors: Hackel Leor M. , Larson Grace M. , Bowen Jeffrey D. , Ehrlich Gaven A. , Mann Thomas C. , Middlewood Brianna , Roberts Ian D. , Eyink Julie , Fetterolf Janell C. , Gonzalez Fausto , Garrido Carlos O. , Kim Jinhyung , O'Brien Thomas C. , O'Malley Ellen E. , Mesquita Batja , Barrett Lisa Feldman 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFirestone & Scholl (F&S) rely on three problematic assumptions about the mind (modularity, reflexiveness, and context-insensitivity) to argue cognition does not fundamentally influence perception. We highlight evidence indicating that perception, cognition, and emotion are constructed through overlapping, distributed brain networks characterized by top-down activity and context-sensitivity. This evidence undermines F&S's ability to generalize from case studies to the nature of perception.
Buried ice in Kennar Valley: a late Pleistocene remnant of Taylor Glacier
Authors: Swanger Kate M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBuried glacier ice is common in the McMurdo Dry Valleys and under ideal climatic and geomorphological conditions may be preserved for multimillion-year timescales. This study focuses on the analysis of ~300 m2 of buried glacier ice in lower Kennar Valley, Quartermain Range. The mapped ice is clean,<10 m thick and covered by a~25 cm sandy drift. The mouth of Kennar Valley is occupied by a lobe of Taylor Glacier, an outlet glacier from Taylor Dome. Based on ice–sediment characteristics, air bubble concentrations and stable isotopic analyses from three ice cores, the lower Kennar Valley ice is glacial in origin. These data coupled with a previously reported exposure age chronology indicate that the buried ice was deposited by a late Pleistocene advance of Taylor Glacier, probably during an interglacial interval. The surface of the buried glacier ice exhibits a patterned ground morphology characterized by small, dome-shaped polygons with deep troughs. This shape possibly reflects the final stages of ice loss, as stagnant, isolated ice pinnacles sublimate in place. This study highlights how polygon morphology can be used to infer the thickness of clean buried ice and its geomorphological stability throughout Antarctica, as well as other in cold, arid landscapes.
La liaison à Orléans, corpus et changement linguistique: une première étude exploratoire
Authors: DUGUA CÉLINE , BAUDE OLIVIER 
Published: January 2017

RÉSUMÉLe corpus des Enquêtes sociolinguistiques à Orléans (ESLO), composé de deux périodes de recueils (1968–1974 et depuis 2006) et comprenant une grande diversité de situations (entretiens, paroles publiques, conversations lors de repas, réunions de travail) nous offre des données uniques pour étudier le changement linguistique sur la base des usages de la liaison en français parlé. A partir d'un sous-corpus comprenant 7 locuteurs enregistrés à 40 ans d'intervalle, nous proposons une méthode de repérage et codage des liaisons et nous ouvrons différentes pistes d'analyse qui reposent nécessairement sur une exploration fine du corpus, dans le respect d'une démarche résolument variationniste.
Evaluating the Potential Benefits of Advanced Automatic Crash Notification
Authors: Plevin Rebecca E. , Kaufman Robert , Fraade-Blanar Laura , Bulger Eileen M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveAdvanced Automatic Collision Notification (AACN) services in passenger vehicles capture crash data during collisions that could be transferred to Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers. This study explored how EMS response times and other crash factors impacted the odds of fatality. The goal was to determine if information transmitted by AACN could help decrease mortality by allowing EMS providers to be better prepared upon arrival at the scene of a collision.MethodsThe Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) database of the US Department of Transportation/National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (USDOT/NHTSA; Washington DC, USA) was searched for all fatal crashes between 1996 and 2012. The CIREN database also was searched for illustrative cases. The NHTSA’s Fatal Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System (NASS CDS) databases were queried for all fatal crashes between 2000 and 2011 that involved a passenger vehicle. Detailed EMS time data were divided into prehospital time segments and analyzed descriptively as well as via multiple logistic regression models.ResultsThe CIREN data showed that longer times from the collision to notification of EMS providers were associated with more frequent invasive interventions within the first three hours of hospital admission and more transfers from a regional hospital to a trauma center. The NASS CDS and FARS data showed that rural collisions with crash-notification times >30 minutes were more likely to be fatal than collisions with similar crash-notification times occurring in urban environments. The majority of a patient’s prehospital time occurred between the arrival of EMS providers on-scene and arrival at a hospital. The need for extrication increased the on-scene time segment as well as total prehospital time.ConclusionAn AACN may help decrease mortality following a motor vehicle collision (MVC) by alerting EMS providers earlier and helping them discern when specialized equipment will be necessary in order to quickly extricate patients from the collision site and facilitate expeditious transfer to an appropriate hospital or trauma center.PlevinRE, KaufmanR, Fraade-BlanarL, BulgerEM. Evaluating the potential benefits of advanced automatic crash notification. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(2):156–164.
Evidence for ACTN3 as a genetic modifier of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Hogarth Marshall W. , Houweling Peter J. , Thomas Kristen C. , Gordish-Dressman Heather , Bello Luca ,   Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (CINRG), Vishwanathan V. , Chidambaranathan S. , Douglas Biggar W. , McAdam Laura C. , Mah Jean K. , Tulinius Mar , Cnaan Avital , Morgenroth Lauren P. , Leshner Robert , Tesi-Rocha Carolina , Thangarajh Mathula , Duong Tina , Kornberg Andrew , Ryan Monique , Nevo Yoram , Dubrovsky Alberto , Clemens Paula R. , Abdel-Hamid Hoda , Connolly Anne M. , Pestronk Alan , Teasley Jean , Bertorini Tulio E. , Webster Richard , Kolski Hanna , Kuntz Nancy , Driscoll Sherilyn , Bodensteiner John B. , Carlo Jose , Gorni Ksenija , Lotze Timothy , Day John W. , Karachunski Peter , Henricson Erik K. , Abresch Richard T. , McDonald Craig M. , Pegoraro Elena , Hoffman Eric P. , Head Stewart I. , North Kathryn N. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by muscle degeneration and progressive weakness. There is considerable inter-patient variability in disease onset and progression, which can confound the results of clinical trials. Here we show that a common null polymorphism (R577X) in ACTN3 results in significantly reduced muscle strength and a longer 10 m walk test time in young, ambulant patients with DMD; both of which are primary outcome measures in clinical trials. We have developed a double knockout mouse model, which also shows reduced muscle strength, but is protected from stretch-induced eccentric damage with age. This suggests that α-actinin-3 deficiency reduces muscle performance at baseline, but ameliorates the progression of dystrophic pathology. Mechanistically, we show that α-actinin-3 deficiency triggers an increase in oxidative muscle metabolism through activation of calcineurin, which likely confers the protective effect. Our studies suggest that ACTN3 R577X genotype is a modifier of clinical phenotype in DMD patients.
Synthesis of ketones from biomass-derived feedstock
Authors: Meng Qinglei , Hou Minqiang , Liu Huizhen , Song Jinliang , Han Buxing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCyclohexanone and its derivatives are very important chemicals, which are currently produced mainly by oxidation of cyclohexane or alkylcyclohexane, hydrogenation of phenols, and alkylation of cyclohexanone. Here we report that bromide salt-modified Pd/C in H2O/CH2Cl2 can efficiently catalyse the transformation of aromatic ethers, which can be derived from biomass, to cyclohexanone and its derivatives via hydrogenation and hydrolysis processes. The yield of cyclohexanone from anisole can reach 96%, and the yields of cyclohexanone derivatives produced from the aromatic ethers, which can be extracted from plants or derived from lignin, are also satisfactory. Detailed study shows that the Pd, bromide salt and H2O/CH2Cl2 work cooperatively to promote the desired reaction and inhibit the side reaction. Thus high yields of desired products can be obtained. This work opens the way for production of ketones from aromatic ethers that can be derived from biomass.