bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan SSP kimia berbasis pendidikan berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan literasi kimia dan kesadaran terhadap lingkungan
Authors: Perkasa Magfirah , Aznam Nurfina 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengembangan, kelayakan dan efektifitas SSP kimia berbasis pendidikan berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan literasi kimia dan kesadaran terhadap lingkungan peserta didik SMA. Model pengembangan diadaptasi dari model Dick & Carey dengan subjek coba produk pada peserta didik kelas X SMA Negeri 11 Yogyakarta. Instrumen pengumpulan data meliputi lembar validasi, tes literasi kimia berformat benar-salah beralasan, lembar penilaian diri dan lembar penilaian antar teman terkait kesadaran terhadap lingkungan. SSP kimia divalidasi secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) SSP kimia berbasis pendidikan berkelanjutan yang dikembangkan memiliki karakteristik yang meliputi pengembangan melalui model experiential learning pada materi hidrokarbon dan indikator literasi kimia maupun kesadaran terhadap lingkungan diadaptasi dari framework PISA 2015; serta (2) SSP kimia yang dikembangkan layak digunakan dengan kategori sangat baik serta efektif untuk meningkatkan literasi kimia dan kesadaran terhadap lingkungan peserta didik SMA berdasarkan uji Kruskal-Wallis.Kata Kunci: SSP, pendidikan berkelanjutan, experiential learning, literasi kimia, kesadaran terhadap lingkungan Developing a Chemistry Subject Specific Pedagogy Based on Sustainability Education to Enhance Chemical Literacy and Environmental Awareness AbstractThe study aims to reveal the developing, the appropriateness and the effectiveness of a chemistry subject specific pedagogy based on sustainability education to enhance chemical literacy and environmental awareness of senior high school students. Developing model adapted from Dick & Carey and the trial of this research product was conducted at SMA Negeri 11 Yogyakarta grade 10th students. The instruments for data collection included validation instrument, a true-false reasoning chemical literacy test, environmental awareness self assessment and peer assessment. The product was validated as qualitative and quatitative validation. The results of research shows: (1) the features of chemistry subject specific pedagogy based on sustainability education is using experiential learning was taught to hydrocarbons and the indicators for chemical literacy test and environmental awareness adapted from framework PISA 2015; and (2) the chemistry subject specific pedagogy based on sustainability education is valid to use with very good category and effective to enhance chemical literacy and environmental awareness based on Kruskal-Wallis test.Keywords: subject specific pedagogy, sustainability education, experiential learning, chemical literacy, environmental awareness.
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy and Clinical Outcomes after Coronary Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Chen Yung-Tai , Chen Hung-Ta , Hsu Chien-Yi , Chao Pei-Wen , Kuo Shu-Chen , Ou Shuo-Ming , Shih Chia-Jen 
Published: February 2017

Background and objectives
We aimed to investigate the benefits and risks of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after coronary drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A nested case-control analysis of patients on hemodialysis after receipt of DES and DAPT treatment was conducted using data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database for the period 2007–2011. Cases of myocardial infarction or death within 1 year after DES implantation were matched one-to-one with control patients. Odds ratios were calculated to compare DAPT continuation with discontinuation. Additionally, a propensity score–adjusted 6-month landmark cohort analysis was also conducted to evaluate the long-term benefits and risks of prolonged (>6 months) compared with ≤6 months of DAPT use. The primary outcomes were death and myocardial infarction. The secondary outcomes were ischemic stroke, revascularization, and major bleeding.

Results
In the nested case-control analysis, patients who continued DAPT had a lower rate of death or myocardial infarction within 1 year after receipt of a DES (adjusted odds ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.81; P=0.003), whereas this association became statistically nonsignificant when compared with patients who discontinued DAPT for the period between 6 and 12 months after receipt of a DES (adjusted odds ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.75 to 3.04). In the propensity score–adjusted cohort analysis, >6 months of DAPT use was not associated with different primary or secondary outcomes than shorter-term use.

Conclusions
Our findings support that the clinical effectiveness of extended DAPT in a hemodialysis population may be tempered after 6 months post-DES implantation.
POTENTIAL ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIBACTERIAL EVALUATION OF EXTRACTS OF LEUCAS ASPERA USING IN VITRO MODELS
Authors: S. Tahareen , R. Shwetha , D. Myrene R. 
Published: February 2017

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts of leaves of <em>Leucas aspera</em> (Thumbae).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phytochemical screening of the leaves of <em>L. aspera</em> was followed by analysis of antioxidant activity by means of DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. <em>In vitro</em> anti‐inflammatory activity was evaluated using lipoxygenase inhibition, albumin denaturation assay, membrane stabilization assay and proteinase inhibitory activity at different concentrations. Aspirin was used as a standard drug for the study of anti‐inflammatory activity. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 value. The zone of inhibition was performed against common pathogens to determine the antimicrobial activity at different concentrations of plant extracts (60%, 70%, 80%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, amino acid, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, xanthoproteins, and phenols. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be 2.25±0.04 mg GAE/g (gallic acid equivalents) and 1.2±0.05 mg QE/g (Quercetin equivalents) of fresh weight tissue respectively. The IC50 values for hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity were found to be 244.6 µg/ml. The extract inhibited the lipoxygenase enzyme activity with an IC50 value of 356.3 µg/ml. Maximum inhibition of heat-induced protein denaturation of 69% was observed at 400 μg/ml, IC50 249.6 μg/ml. Proteinase activity was also significantly inhibited (IC50 = 421.6 μg/ml). Membrane stabilization assay attributed minor protection by the leaf extract with an IC50 of 206.7. It was observed that <em>E. coli</em> were inhibited at all concentrations, followed by <em>Klebsiella</em> and <em>Pseudomonas</em>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results indicate that L. aspera possess anti-inflammatory properties due to the strong occurrence of polyphenolic compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and steroids that serve as free radical inhibitors or scavenger. Compounds of the plant L. aspera may hence be used as lead compounds for designing potent anti-inflammatory drug which can be used for treatment of various diseases.</p><p> </p>
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT OF TAMUS COMMUNIS L. ROOTS
Authors: Fatima Zerargui , Abderrahmane Baghiani , Seddik Khennouf , Lekhmici Arrar 
Published: February 2017

<p><strong>Object: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of <em>Tamus communis</em> L. (<em>T .communis</em>) roots. This plant is used in folk medicine in the treatment of rheumatism, arthritis and lumbago.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: The extraction of polyphenols has been followed by the determination of total polyphenols and flavonoids. The methanol extract (MeOHE) was chromatographied on a silica gel column. The column was eluted with chloroform and then with chloroform /methanol mixtures of increasing polarity, 6 main fractions (FI--FVI)) were collected and grouped according to their TLC (Thin layer chromatography). Several methods were used to evaluate the <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant activity such as DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy), bleaching of β-carotene for 24 hours, lipid peroxidation and anti-hemolytic activity. An <em>in vivo</em> approach was carried out on mice treated with CE (crud extract) at a dose of 100 mg / Kg / day for 21 consecutive days, and one group was treated with vitamin C (Vit C 50 mg/kg) as a standard drug. To determine the improvement of antioxidant potential, basic biochemical parameters were used in tissue (liver), plasma and whole blood.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The results showed that the highest level of polyphenols was recorded in FII (73.143±0.009<strong> </strong>mg GA-Eq/g extract (Gallic Acid Equivalent)) / g of extract) followed by MeOHE (69.786±0.10 mg GA-Eq/g extract). Total flavonoid contents of extracts / fractions showed that MeOHE contains the highest level. Inhibition of DPPH radical showed that MeOHE (0.1187 ± 0.025 mg / ml) and CE (0.2363 ± 0.019 mg / ml) have the most efficient antioxidant activity. All the extracts were capable of inhibiting the bleaching of β-carotene by scavenging linoleate derived free radicals, and all the studied extracts have a very important antihemolytic activity (p&lt;0.001) and revealed an extension of hemolysis half time from 70.34±2.15 min of CTL (AAPH (2,2-azo- bis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride)) and 207 ± 5.65 min for FI. The in vivo assay was</p><p>exhibited a significant decrease (54.09%) of the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and increased glutathione (GSH) and catalase (47.30% and 46.87% respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: These findings suggest that the extract obtained from <em>T. communis</em> have active substances contributing to the increase in natural antioxidant potential.</p>
NEUROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF NOVEL CUR-CA-THIONE AND ITS OXIDATIVE STRESS STUDY
Authors: Shelat Devang Y , Acharya Sanjeev R 
Published: February 2017

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Alzheimer’s disease a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affected by the formation of amyloid beta and tau proteins. Medicinal plants have been proved significantly for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity that might help in treating neurological disorders. Curcumin has been hugely studied in the treatment of various ailments but its water solubility and bioavailability is still a concern but we have tried to exterminate the problem by our formulation CUR-CA-THIONE. Now, we have expanded the study of CUR-CA-THIONE for its neuroprotective estimation by evaluating behavioral, biochemical and histopathological assessment in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Wistar rats of either sex (M/F: 25-350g; 350-450 g) were selected for study and divided into 8 groups. All animals except NC were given aluminum chloride via oral route throughout the study period (30 d) while group 3-8 received treatment one-hour post aluminum chloride induction from 15<sup>th</sup> day to 30<sup>th</sup> day. One week prior to the start of the experiment all animals were given training for behavioral assessment through y-maze and morris water maze with the weekly assessment. On 30<sup>th</sup>-day post completion of study rat brain was isolated to study biochemical and histopathological examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the behavioral assessment in CUR-CA-THIONE complex showed an increase in total arm entries in Y-maze and decrease in time duration for morris water maze test. A significant (p&lt;0.01) decrease in lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, acetylcholine and total protein levels in formulations while significant (p&lt;0.01) increase in glutathione and catalase level was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The given formulation shows that curcumin-casein-glutathione complex shows potential action as a neuroprotective effect.</p><p> </p>
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY BIOASSAY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF ALYSICARPUS VAGINALIS VAR. NUMMULARIFOLIUS (DC.) MIQ. (FAMILY: FABACEAE)
Authors: Kurian Susan , Josekumar V. S. 
Published: February 2017

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of <em>Alysicarpus vaginalis </em>var<em>. nummularifolius </em>(DC) along with phytochemical analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The crude extract of hexane (AVH), ethyl acetate (AVE) and methanol (AVM) of <em>Alysicarpus vaginalis </em>var<em>. nummularifolius </em>(DC) were prepared and analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The cytotoxicity activity of the plant extracts was predicted using brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). The antimicrobial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts were examined against 5 bacterial and 2 fungal strains using agar well diffusion method, and two fold serial dilution method, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The phytochemical screening studies showed a higher concentration of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, quinones and terpenoids in AVM than the other two extracts. The LC<sub>50</sub> value of AVH and AVE were found to be 900.05 µg/ml and 754.35 µg/ml respectively using BSLA while that of AVM was&gt;1000 ug/ml. All the extracts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms. The MIC values of AVM were lower than AVE for all the microbial strains except for <em>Pseudomonas aeroginosa</em> where AVE (107.87µg/ml) exhibited higher value than AVM (51µg/ml).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study concluded AVM with a high presence of phytochemicals. The AVE and AVM were found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards. The AVM exhibited lesser toxicity when compared with AVH and AVE.<strong></strong></p><p> </p>
Further Evidence on the Negativity Bias in Performance Evaluation: When Does the Evaluator's Perspective Matter?
Authors: Kaplan Steven E. , Petersen Michael J. , Samuels Janet A. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
In a setting involving a firm using multiple performance measures, we experimentally examine the effect of an evaluator's perspective on the relative performance evaluations of two managers. The performance outcomes of the two managers are linearly equivalent, but one manager's performance includes an equivalent number of above target and below target outcomes (e.g., the mixed manager), while the other manager's performance only includes above target outcomes (e.g., the positive manager). In this setting, we provide new evidence on the negativity bias and whether the bias is moderated based on evaluators' role and the importance of the measures with negative outcomes. Participants are assigned to the role of the supervisor, the mixed manager, or the positive manager and asked to evaluate each manager's performance. We predict and find that participants in all three roles exhibit the negativity bias. In addition, we predict that the strength of the negativity bias exhibited by mixed or positive managers relative to the supervisor's negativity bias depends on whether the measures with negative outcomes are more or less important. As expected, we find that when negative outcomes involve less important measures, the relative performance evaluations of mixed (positive) managers are similar to (differ from) those of supervisors. In contrast, when negative outcomes involve more important measures, the relative performance evaluations of positive (mixed) managers are similar to (differ from) supervisors. Understanding whether and when managers' relative performance evaluations differ from their supervisors is important, in part, because conflicts and potentially dysfunctional behavior are likely to arise when their relative performance evaluations differ.
NYEPI SEGARA SEBAGAI KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT NUSA PENIDA DALAM PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN LAUT
Authors: Sari Adnyani Ni Ketut 
Published: February 2017

Nyepi Segara merupakan kearifan lokal yang dimiliki masyarakat Nusa Penida dalam sebuah visi mulia pengelolaan wilayah pesisir dan laut. Pelaksanaan Nyepi Segara yang jatuh pada Purnama sasih kapat atau purnama keempat berdasarkan penanggalan Bali oleh masyarakat Kepulauan Nusa Penida yang terdiri atas Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan dan Nusa Ceningan sejak 1600 atau saat masa pemerintahan Raja Dalem Waturenggong. Kegiatan Nyepi Segara sebagai sebuah nilai kearifan lokal sudah seharusnya dapat dikaji secara ilmiah dari berbagai bidang keilmuan. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode: wawancara, kuisioner, dan vocal grup discusion. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengembangan potensi laut dan pembangunan sektor pariwisata di kawasan Pulau Nusa Penida memiliki konsep Tri Hita Kirana dalam pembangunan berwawasan lingkungan. Nyepi Segara di Pulau Nusa Penida menjadi landasan filosofis, yuridis dan sosiologis dalam pelestarian lingkungan laut di Kawasan Pulau Nusa Penida. Nyepi Segara di Nusa Penida sebagai kearifan lokal menjadi landasan pembentukan Zonasi Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Nusa Penida
Harmonisasi, Integrasi Desa Pakraman dengan Desa Dinas yang Multietnik dan Multiagama Menghadapi Pergeseran, Pelestarian, dan Konflik di Bali
Authors: Ketut Arya Sunu I Gusti 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian penelitin ini bertujuan untuk (1) Menganalisis keberadaan tugas dan kewenangan desa pakraman multietnik dan multiagama di daerah pariwisata Provinsi Bali, (2) Menganalisis pergeseran dan pelestarian tugas dan kewenangan desa pakraman yang multietnik dan multiagama, (3) Menganalisis intervensi oleh desa dinas terhadap desa pakraman multietnik dan multiagama, (4) Menganalisis harmonisasi sosial sebagai dampak dari pergeseran, pelestarian pelaksanaan tugas dan kewenanngan desa pakraman yang multietnik dan multiagama, (5) Menganalisis konflik intern dan ekstern warga desa pakraman yang multietnik dan multiagama. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat naturalistik dan etnografis, sehingga penekanannya bukan pada pengukuran, melainkan pada upaya mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan secara aktual, faktual, alamiah, holistik, dan emik tentang eksistensi desa pakraman dalam menghadapi dinamika, harmonisasi sosial, dan konflik warga di Bali. Penentuan subjek penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan teknik purposif. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan pencatatan dokumen. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desa pakraman telah mengakomodasi warga yang beragama Hindu dan warga non-Hindu dengan memposisikan warga sebagai warga muwed dan warga tamiu. Khusus bagi warga non-Hindu diposisikan sebagai warga desa dinas, sehingga secara administratif tidak menimbulkan masalah. Dari perspektif kelembagaan, desa pakraman dan desa dinas berada dalam kondisi harmonis, sehingga memunculkan ungkapan “satu badan dua kepala”. Keharmonisan hubungan antara desa dinas dan desa pakraman karena ada beberapa kemungkinan antara lain: satu desa dinas mempunyai luas wilayah dan penduduk yang sama dengan satu desa pakraman, satu desa dinas meliputi beberapa desa pakraman, satu desa pakraman terdiri atas beberapa desa dinas. Tugas dan kewenangan desa pakraman masih lestari, sehingga sering dipergunakan sebagai pusat orientasi bagi orang Bali. Namun, dari segi pengelolaan harta kekayaan desa mengalami pergeseran, terutama terkait dengan pengelolaan harta kekayaan desa. Sehubungan dengan harmonisasi sosial, umat Hindu maupun umat lain yang ada dalam wilayah desa pakraman bersama-sama menciptakan integrasi atas dasar toleransi dan kerukunan serta saling menghormati dalam rangka membina rasa persatuan dan kesatuan masyarakat Bali.
STUDI ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB DISFUNGSIONAL AUDITOR DAN UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN DISFUNSIONAL AUDITOR TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT PADA KANTOR AKUNTAN PUBLIK DI PROVINSI BALI (Studi Kasus pada Kantor Akuntan Publik “X” di Wilayah Denpasar, Bali)
Authors: Surya Dharmawan Nyoman Ari 
Published: February 2017

Penelian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi disfungsional auditor dan bagaimana cara penanggulangannya. Perilaku audit disfungsional merupakan tindakan auditor dalam pelaksanaan program audit yang dapat mereduksi kualitas audit secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian kualitatif adalah penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan naturalistik untuk mencari dan menemukan pengertian atau pemahaman tren tentang fenomena dalam suatu latar yang berkonteks khusus. Dalam rangka menemukan pemahaman mengenai fenomena dalam penelitian ini digunakan paradigma interpretif dengan berusaha untuk menggali dunia apa adanya, dengan pendekatanpengalaman subyektif sendiri. Paradigma ini memasukkan pemikiran filosofis dan sosiologis yang berusaha memahami dan menjelaskan dunia sosial dari titikpandang para aktor yang secara langsung terlibat di dalam proses sosial, sehingga hubungan antara peneliti dengan yang diteliti aktif bersama tidak dapat dipisahkan, bersifat ideografik dan terikat dengan nilai-nilai. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa perilaku disfungsional auditor (1) disebabkan karena adanya konflik kepentingan antar pihak yang terkait dalam penugasan audit. (2) tekanan anggaran waktu dalam penyelesaian laporan keuangan,kopensasi finansial yang diberikan kepada auditor dan (3) keinginan perpindahan auditor sangat mempengaruhi prilaku disfungsional auditor. Utuk bentuk penanggulangannya sangat diperlukan peranan pemerintah dalam hal ini IAI yang menentukan regulasi dan sangat ampuh dalam menekan prilaku disfungsional auditor.
PROFIL DESA PAKRAMAN BULIAN
Authors: Rai I Wayan 
Published: February 2017

Program IPTEKSS bagi Masyrakat (IbM) di Kecamatan Kubutambahan, Kabupaten Buleleng tahun 2011 yang mengambil lokasi pelaksanaan kegiatan di Desa Bulian bertujuan untuk membuat sebuah buku profil tentang Desa Pakraman Bulian. Desa Pakraman Bulian merupakan wadah sosio-religius umat Hindu yang terangkum dalam aktivitas tata palemahan, pawongan, dan parahyangan. Ketiga aktivitas ini telah berlangsung dengan baik sehingga perlu dilestarikan keberadaannya. Dalam tata palemahan misalnya, geliat pertumbuhan penduduk dapat memberikan ekses negatif bagi terjadinya alih fungsi lahan pertanian menyebabkan hilangnya sekaa subak akan berakibat pada hilangnya Dugul atau Pura Ulun Carik. Tata Pawongan di Desa Pakraman Bulian menunjukkan bahwa Desa Pakraman Bulian hanya didukung oleh lima banjar adat. Dengan jumlah krama yang relatif banyak, hal ini merupakan tantangan sekaligus peluang bagi eksistensi desa pakraman. Sementara itu, tata parahyangan di Desa Pakraman Bulian telah tertata dengan baik. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya pemetaan yang jelas mengenai kahyangan yang diempon serta tata cara upacara dan upakara yang mesti dilaksanakan.