bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatal Overdose of Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate Acid After Ingestion of 1,4‐Butanediol
Authors: Le Garff Erwan , Mesli Vadim , Cornez Raphael , Demarly Christophe , Tournel Gilles , Hédouin Valery 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe report a case of fatal intoxication from 1,4‐butanediol (1,4‐BD), which was ingested by a young and “naïve” gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) consumer during a party with the co‐ingestion of alcohol, cannabis, and methylene‐dioxy‐methamphetamine. The following drug concentrations were found using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry on autopsy samples and on a cup and a glass found at the scene: 20,350 mg/L (bottle) for 1,4‐BD; 1020 mg/L (femoral blood), 3380 mg/L (cardiac blood), 47,280 mg/L (gastric content), and 570 mg/L (vitreous humor) for GHB. The concentration of GHB is difficult to interpret in forensic cases due to the possibility of an endogenous production of GHB. The variable tolerance of the user may also modify the peri‐ and postmortem GHB concentrations. This case underscores the need to have many different sources of toxicology samples analyzed to avoid the hypothesis of endogenous production of GHB.
Immunolocalization of Jian Carp (Cyprinus Carpio Var. Jian) Cathepsin B: Cloning, Expression, Characterization, and Antibody Preparation
Authors: Li Shu‐Hong , Li Ran , Zhong Hai‐Xia , Chen Xiu‐Hua , Liu Ai‐Ping , Yang Juan , Hu Qiang , Ke Qin‐Qin , Li Mei‐Liang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCathepsin B (CatB) cDNA of 759 bp from Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) with amino acid similarity of 99.6% to common carp was cloned. The mature CatB was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 transferred with vector CatB‐pET‐30a. It was purified and identified as a single band (29 kDa) on SDS‐PAGE. Optimum CatB activity was observed at 40 °C and pH 5.5. Mouse anti‐CatB polyclonal antibody with a high titer of 1:256000 was prepared successfully and shown to specifically recognize the antigen both in prokaryotic cells and in the tissues of Jian carp according to western blotting and immunohistochemistry results. Immunolocation analysis showed that CatB distribution at protein level varied among the tested tissues. The results presented in this study may provide a significant reference for future research on the inherent relationship between CatB and the quality of fish or fish products at both the gene and protein levels.
Considering the esophagogastric junction as a ‘zone’
Authors: Ichihara Shin , Uedo Noriya , Gotoda Takuji 
Published: April 2017

Siewert's classification of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) classifies tumors anatomically for determining the appropriate surgical technique. According to this classification, a type II tumor, true carcinoma of the cardia, is defined as a cancer within 1 cm proximal to 2 cm distal of the EGJ. Histological analysis indicates that the cardiac gland is present with a high degree of frequency between 1–2 cm to the gastric side and 1–2 cm to the esophageal side of the EGJ, which means that this zone can be considered as neither the stomach nor the esophagus but rather as a third zone known as the ‘EGJ zone’. It has been suggested that there are multiple causes for development of adenocarcinoma in the EGJ zone. The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours 7th Edition considers EGJ adenocarcinoma (EGJAC) occurring in the EGJ zone to be a part of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, recent studies have indicated that EGJAC behaves differently from EAC and gastric carcinoma. Barrett's esophagus is now considered an important factor in the etiology of EGJAC, but, as yet, no studies have elucidated the differences between cancer arising from short‐segment Barrett's esophagus and cancer of the gastric cardia. Thus, there is currently no clinical relevance to subdivision of adenocarcinoma in the EGJ zone into above or below the EGJ line.
Cost analysis of global road traffic death prevention: Forecasts to 2050
Authors: Moyer Jonathan D. , Eshbaugh Mark , Rettig Jessica 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRoad traffic safety initiatives are gaining momentum worldwide as more governments and international organizations recognize the implications of traffic accidents on economic and human development. In 2015, as part of its Sustainable Development Goals, the United Nations Development Programme set a global target (3.6) to halve the number of traffic deaths and injuries by 2020. This article uses the International Futures integrated forecasting system to explore the plausibility of achieving that goal and the potential forward linkages of such an intervention. We find that halving annual deaths caused by road traffic accidents is likely to be overly ambitious, and examine more reasonable road traffic death‐rate targets using an approach derived from road traffic death rates relative to income level.
Effect of compaction, delayed sealing and aerobic exposure on maize silage quality and on formation of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Brüning D. , Gerlach K. , Weiß K. , Südekum K.‐H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPhysical and management factors, such as compaction and sealing, greatly influence the outcome of forage conservation. This study aimed to determine the effects of compaction, delayed sealing and aerobic exposure after ensiling on maize silage quality and on formation of volatile organic compounds. Whole‐crop maize (277 g/kg dry matter [DM]) in 120‐L plastic silos was compacted at either high or low density, and sealed immediately or with delay at 2 days or 4 days post‐filling (six replicates each). After ensiling for at least 175 days, the silages were exposed to air for 6‐day intervals and sampled at 2‐day intervals. A delay in sealing caused an increase in yeast counts and a decline of up to 65% in water‐soluble carbohydrates before ensiling. Sealing the silos after 4 days caused DM losses of up to 11%. Delayed sealing promoted the formation of ethyl esters at silo opening. A 4‐day delay in sealing resulted in the lowest aerobic stability. Aerobic exposure led to considerable changes in silage composition, a loss in feed value and, finally, spoilage. This study indicates that maize silage quality is adversely affected by low compaction, delayed sealing and aerobic exposure.
Costs and benefits of sublethal Drosophila C virus infection
Authors: Gupta V. , Stewart C. O. , Rund S. S. C. , Monteith K. , Vale P. F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractViruses are major evolutionary drivers of insect immune systems. Much of our knowledge of insect immune responses derives from experimental infections using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Most experiments, however, employ lethal pathogen doses through septic injury, frequently overwhelming host physiology. While this approach has revealed several immune mechanisms, it is less informative about the fitness costs hosts may experience during infection in the wild. Using both systemic and oral infection routes, we find that even apparently benign, sublethal infections with the horizontally transmitted Drosophila C virus (DCV) can cause significant physiological and behavioural morbidity that is relevant for host fitness. We describe DCV‐induced effects on fly reproductive output, digestive health and locomotor activity, and we find that viral morbidity varies according to the concentration of pathogen inoculum, host genetic background and sex. Notably, sublethal DCV infection resulted in a significant increase in fly reproduction, but this effect depended on host genotype. We discuss the relevance of sublethal morbidity for Drosophila ecology and evolution, and more broadly, we remark on the implications of deleterious and beneficial infections for the evolution of insect immunity.
Genetic basis for soma is present in undifferentiated volvocine green algae
Authors: Grochau‐Wright Z. I. , Hanschen E. R. , Ferris P. J. , Hamaji T. , Nozaki H. , Olson B. J. S. C. , Michod R. E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSomatic cellular differentiation plays a critical role in the transition from unicellular to multicellular life, but the evolution of its genetic basis remains poorly understood. By definition, somatic cells do not reproduce to pass on genes and so constitute an extreme form of altruistic behaviour. The volvocine green algae provide an excellent model system to study the evolution of multicellularity and somatic differentiation. In Volvox carteri, somatic cell differentiation is controlled by the regA gene, which is part of a tandem duplication of genes known as the reg cluster. Although previous work found the reg cluster in divergent Volvox species, its origin and distribution in the broader group of volvocine algae has not been known. Here, we show that the reg cluster is present in many species without somatic cells and determine that the genetic basis for soma arose before the phenotype at the origin of the family Volvocaceae approximately 200 million years ago. We hypothesize that the ancestral function was involved in regulating reproduction in response to stress and that this function was later co‐opted to produce soma. Determining that the reg cluster was co‐opted to control somatic cell development provides insight into how cellular differentiation, and with it greater levels of complexity and individuality, evolves.
Effect of ageing on the ownership of durable goods
Authors: Bíró Anikó 
Published: April 2017

AbstractI analyse how ageing affects the demand for non‐housing durable goods. Based on the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, individual characteristics, cohort and time effects can explain most of the age variation in the ownership and purchase of durable goods. A life‐cycle model is derived to capture the complex relation between ageing and the demand for non‐housing durable goods. Decreasing survival probability, deteriorating health and changing preferences are jointly reflected in the age gradient of demand. Simulations indicate that higher chances of survival increase the ownership ratio of the durable items.
Phosphorylation Induces Structural Changes in the Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus P10 Protein
Authors: Raza Farheen , McGouran Joanna F. , Kessler Benedikt M. , Possee Robert D. , King Linda A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Baculoviruses encode a variety of auxiliary proteins that are not essential for viral replication but provide them with a selective advantage in nature. P10 is a 10-kDa auxiliary protein produced in the very late phase of gene transcription by Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). The P10 protein forms cytoskeleton-like structures in the host cell that associate with microtubules varying from filamentous forms in the cytoplasm to aggregated perinuclear tubules that form a cage-like structure around the nucleus. These P10 structures may have a role in the release of occlusion bodies (OBs) and thus mediate the horizontal transmission of the virus between insect hosts. Here, using mass spectrometric analysis, it is demonstrated that the C terminus of P10 is phosphorylated during virus infection of cells in culture. Analysis of P10 mutants encoded by recombinant baculoviruses in which putative phosphorylation residues were mutated to alanine showed that serine 93 is a site of phosphorylation. Confocal microscopy examination of the serine 93 mutant structures revealed aberrant formation of the perinuclear tubules. Thus, the phosphorylation of serine 93 may induce the aggregation of filaments to form tubules. Together, these data suggest that the phosphorylation of serine 93 affects the structural conformation of P10.

IMPORTANCE
The baculovirus P10 protein has been researched intensively since it was first observed in 1969, but its role during viral infection remains unclear. It is conserved in the alphabaculoviruses and expressed at high levels during virus infection. Producing large amounts of a protein is wasteful for the virus unless it is advantageous for the survival of its progeny, and therefore, P10 presents an enigma. As P10 polymerizes to form organized cytoskeletal structures that colocalize with host cell microtubules, the structural relationship of the protein with the host cell may present a key to help understand the function and importance of this protein. This study addresses the importance of the structural changes in P10 during infection and how they may be governed by phosphorylation. The P10 structures affected by phosphorylation are closely associated with the viral progeny and thus may potentially be responsible for its dissemination and survival.
The Major Envelope Glycoprotein of Murid Herpesvirus 4 Promotes Sexual Transmission
Authors: Zeippen Caroline , Javaux Justine , Xiao Xue , Ledecq Marina , Mast Jan , Farnir Frédéric , Vanderplasschen Alain , Stevenson Philip , Gillet Laurent 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Gammaherpesviruses are important human and animal pathogens. Infection control has proven difficult because the key process of transmission is ill understood. Murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4), a gammaherpesvirus of mice, is transmitted sexually. We show that this depends on the major virion envelope glycoprotein gp150. gp150 is redundant for host entry, and
in vitro
, it regulates rather than promotes cell binding. We show that gp150-deficient MuHV-4 reaches and replicates normally in the female genital tract after nasal infection but is poorly released from vaginal epithelial cells and fails to pass from the female to the male genital tract during sexual contact. Thus, we show that the regulation of virion binding is a key component of spontaneous gammaherpesvirus transmission.

IMPORTANCE
Gammaherpesviruses are responsible for many important diseases in both animals and humans. Some important aspects of their life cycle are still poorly understood. Key among these is viral transmission. Here we show that the major envelope glycoprotein of murid herpesvirus 4 functions not in entry or dissemination but in virion release to allow sexual transmission to new hosts.
A Novel Type of Polyhedral Viruses Infecting Hyperthermophilic Archaea
Authors: Liu Ying , Ishino Sonoko , Ishino Yoshizumi , Pehau-Arnaudet Gérard , Krupovic Mart , Prangishvili David 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Encapsidation of genetic material into polyhedral particles is one of the most common structural solutions employed by viruses infecting hosts in all three domains of life. Here, we describe a new virus of hyperthermophilic archaea,
Sulfolobus
polyhedral virus 1 (SPV1), which condenses its circular double-stranded DNA genome in a manner not previously observed for other known viruses. The genome complexed with virion proteins is wound up sinusoidally into a spherical coil which is surrounded by an envelope and further encased by an outer polyhedral capsid apparently composed of the 20-kDa virion protein. Lipids selectively acquired from the pool of host lipids are integral constituents of the virion. None of the major virion proteins of SPV1 show similarity to structural proteins of known viruses. However, minor structural proteins, which are predicted to mediate host recognition, are shared with other hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses infecting members of the order
Sulfolobales
. The SPV1 genome consists of 20,222 bp and contains 45 open reading frames, only one-fifth of which could be functionally annotated.

IMPORTANCE
Viruses infecting hyperthermophilic archaea display a remarkable morphological diversity, often presenting architectural solutions not employed by known viruses of bacteria and eukaryotes. Here we present the isolation and characterization of
Sulfolobus
polyhedral virus 1, which condenses its genome into a unique spherical coil. Due to the original genomic and architectural features of SPV1, the virus should be considered a representative of a new viral family, “Portogloboviridae.”
Comparative Safety of Sulfonylurea and Metformin Monotherapy on the Risk of Heart Failure: A Cohort Study
Authors: Roumie Christianne L. , Min Jea Young , D'Agostino McGowan Lucy , Presley Caroline , Grijalva Carlos G. , Hackstadt Amber J. , Hung Adriana M. , Greevy Robert A. , Elasy Tom , Griffin Marie R. 
Published: April 2017

Background
Medications that impact insulin sensitivity or cause weight gain may increase heart failure risk. Our aim was to compare heart failure and cardiovascular death outcomes among patients initiating sulfonylureas for diabetes mellitus treatment versus metformin.

Methods and Results

National Veterans Health Administration databases were linked to Medicare, Medicaid, and National Death Index data. Veterans aged ≥18 years who initiated metformin or sulfonylureas between 2001 and 2011 and whose creatinine was <1.4 (females) or 1.5 mg/dL (males) were included. Each metformin patient was propensity score‐matched to a sulfonylurea initiator. The outcome was hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure as the primary reason for admission or a cardiovascular death. There were 126 867 and 79 192 new users of metformin and sulfonylurea, respectively. Propensity score matching yielded 65 986 per group. Median age was 66 years, and 97% of patients were male; hemoglobin A
1c
6.9% (6.3, 7.7); body mass index 30.7 kg/m
2
(27.4, 34.6); and 6% had heart failure history. There were 1236 events (1184 heart failure hospitalizations and 52 cardiovascular deaths) among sulfonylurea initiators and 1078 events (1043 heart failure hospitalizations and 35 cardiovascular deaths) among metformin initiators. There were 12.4 versus 8.9 events per 1000 person‐years of use (adjusted hazard ratio 1.32, 95%
CI
1.21, 1.43). The rate difference was 4 heart failure hospitalizations or cardiovascular deaths per 1000 users of sulfonylureas versus metformin annually.

Conclusions
Predominantly male patients initiating treatment for diabetes mellitus with sulfonylurea had a higher risk of heart failure and cardiovascular death compared to similar patients initiating metformin.
Turbulence Measurements from Five-Beam Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers
Authors: Guerra Maricarmen , Thomson Jim 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTwo new five-beam acoustic Doppler current profilers—the Nortek Signature1000 AD2CP and the Teledyne RDI Sentinel V50—are demonstrated to measure turbulence at two energetic tidal channels within Puget Sound, Washington. The quality of the raw data is tested by analyzing the turbulent kinetic energy frequency spectra, the turbulence spatial structure function, the shear in the profiles, and the covariance Reynolds stresses. The five-beam configuration allows for a direct estimation of the Reynolds stresses from along-beam velocity fluctuations. The Nortek’s low Doppler noise and high sampling frequency allow for the observation of the turbulent inertial subrange in both the frequency spectra and the turbulence structure function. The turbulence parameters obtained from the five-beam acoustic Doppler current profilers are validated with turbulence data from simultaneous measurements with acoustic Doppler velocimeters. These combined results are then used to assess a turbulent kinetic energy budget in which depth profiles of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and production rates are compared. The associated codes are publicly available on the MATLAB File Exchange website.
Randomized Study of PMTO in Foster Care
Authors: Akin Becci A. , Lang Kyle , McDonald Thomas P. , Yan Yueqi , Little Todd 
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study examined the effects of Parent Management Training, Oregon (PMTO) model on parenting effectiveness and caregiver functioning. Method: Children in foster care with emotional and behavioral problems were randomized to PMTO ( n = 461) or services as usual ( n = 457) in a nonblinded study design. Using an intent-to-treat approach, analysis of covariance models tested the intervention’s overall effect and time interactions for parenting and caregiver functioning. Additional analyses were conducted to identify significant predictors of outcomes. Results: PMTO did not significantly affect parenting practices; however, positive effects were observed on caregiver functioning in mental health (odds ratio [ OR] = 2.01), substance use ( OR = 1.67), social supports ( OR = 2.37), and readiness for reunification ( OR = 1.64). While no time interactions were detected, several child, parent, and case characteristics were associated with improvements in 6-month outcomes. Conclusion: This study extends evidence on PMTO to biological families of children in foster care, including those with older youth.
CLUH couples mitochondrial distribution to the energetic and metabolic status
Authors: Wakim Jamal , Goudenege David , Perrot Rodolphe , Gueguen Naig , Desquiret-Dumas Valerie , Chao de la Barca Juan Manuel , Dalla Rosa Ilaria , Manero Florence , Le Mao Morgane , Chupin Stephanie , Chevrollier Arnaud , Procaccio Vincent , Bonneau Dominique , Logan David C. , Reynier Pascal , Lenaers Guy , Khiati Salim 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Mitochondrial dynamics and distribution are critical for supplying ATP in response to energy demand. CLUH is a protein involved in mitochondrial distribution whose dysfunction leads to mitochondrial clustering, the metabolic consequences of which remain unknown. To gain insight into the role of CLUH on mitochondrial energy production and cellular metabolism, we have generated CLUH-knockout cells using CRISPR/Cas9. Mitochondrial clustering was associated with a smaller cell size and with decreased abundance of respiratory complexes, resulting in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects. This energetic impairment was found to be due to the alteration of mitochondrial translation and to a metabolic shift towards glucose dependency. Metabolomic profiling by mass spectroscopy revealed an increase in the concentration of some amino acids, indicating a dysfunctional Krebs cycle, and increased palmitoylcarnitine concentration, indicating an alteration of fatty acid oxidation, and a dramatic decrease in the concentrations of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyeline, consistent with the decreased cell size. Taken together, our study establishes a clear function for CLUH in coupling mitochondrial distribution to the control of cell energetic and metabolic status.