bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of patient satisfaction in pediatric dermatology
Authors: Ahmed Sarah , Miller Jonathan , Burrows James F , Bertha Ben Khallouq , Rosen Paul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThere remains a lack of investigation into which factors patients and families value the most in their experience at pediatric dermatology clinics. Most of the current literature on quality improvement in dermatology does not encompass the pediatric population. To determine the drivers that are most predictive of a positive patient experience, we observed the indirect relationship between several factors of the patient experience and their role in patient satisfaction.MethodsPatient satisfaction surveys were distributed after their visits to patients at four pediatric dermatology clinics in one children's academic health system. Data were collected and organized into the top 30 survey variables with which patients expressed satisfaction on a 5‐point Likert scale. Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficients (r) for each variable with regard to “likelihood of your recommending our practice to others” were calculated.ResultsA total of 516 families completed patient satisfaction surveys. Analyses of top box scores showed that the strongest predictors of patient satisfaction were the likelihood of recommending care provider (r = .77, P = <.001), cheerfulness of practice (r = .76, P = <.001), care provider spoke using clear language (r = .73, P = <.001), patient confidence in care provider (r = .70, P = <.001), and our sensitivity to patient needs (r = .70, P = <.001).ConclusionThe patient‐physician relationship, along with the environment of the practice and its sensitivity to patients’ personal needs, contributes most to the patient experience in pediatric dermatology. Identifying such variables that shape patients’ assessments of their experience can guide future quality improvement plans in the specialty.
Treatment and biology of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kato Motohiro , Manabe Atsushi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy. In the past ALL was intractable but now the survival probability is as high as 80–90%. Improved supportive care, treatment stratification based on relapse risk, biological features of leukemic cells, and optimization of treatment regimens by nationwide and international collaboration have contributed to this dramatic improvement. While including traditional risk factors (e.g. age and leukocyte count at diagnosis), the treatment has been modified based on biological characteristics (aneuploidy and translocation) and treatment response (assessed by minimal residual disease). Treatment for pediatric ALL typically consists of induction therapy with steroids, vincristine, and asparaginase with or without anthracycline, followed by multi‐agent consolidation including high‐dose methotrexate and re‐induction therapy. After consolidation, less intensive maintenance therapy is required for 1–2 years to maintain event‐free survival. Recently, using advanced genomic analysis technology, novel sentinel genomic alterations that may provide more precise stratification or therapeutic targets, were identified. Moreover, in the last decade germline variations have been recognized as similarly important contributors to understanding the etiology and sensitivity of ALL to treatment. A more individualized approach based on genomic features (somatic and germline) and treatment response, the introduction of newly developed agents such as molecular targeted drugs or immunotherapy, and social support including long‐term follow up are required for further improvement.
The Facebook President: Oil, Citizenship, and the Social Mediation of Politics in Nigeria
Authors: Adunbi Omolade 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOn June 28, 2010, Nigerian President Jonathan announced that he had set up a Facebook page. Within a few days, his first post garnered 1,344 likes and more than 2,139 comments. This article examines how Nigerians use social media to interact with the state. It asks: How does social media facilitate conversations on what constitutes a national resource? How is social media creating citizens who are simultaneously anonymous and visible? It suggests that Facebook and other sites on which Jonathan established online presences were constructed as political spaces to interact with the youth of Nigeria, molding that constituency into loyal social media citizens ready to align with his aspirations. It also describes social media as sites on which the politics of claim‐making produce the social mediation of oil as a commonwealth in Nigeria. The use of the term “social media citizens” is anchored in the fluidity of citizenship. Jonathan's use of Facebook as both public and political spaces elevated the site to a national forum on a resource whose distribution must benefit all Nigerians: oil. The article suggests further that social media can serve as a site on which social media citizens can critique how the state manages and distributes oil.
The Persistence of Prosocial Work Effort as a Function of Mission Match
Authors: Resh William G. , Marvel John D. , Wen Bo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe authors use an online experiment to test the proposal that “mission match” leads to persistent prosocial work effort, whereby employees go above and beyond remunerated job responsibilities to deliver a public good. First, the importance of mission match to persistent prosocial work effort in public and nonprofit organizations is discussed. Then a real‐effort experiment is used to test whether mission match is associated with the persistence of individual work effort under conditions of unreasonable performance expectations. Findings show that subjects’ narrow identification with the mission of the particular organization on whose behalf they are working is a more important determinant of persistence than the extent to which one reports self‐sacrifice as a motivation toward service. Moreover, reported self‐sacrifice does not appear to reinforce the relationship between mission match and persistent prosocial work behavior.
Polo‐like kinase 1 inhibition results in misaligned chromosomes and aberrant spindles in porcine oocytes during the first meiotic division
Authors: Liao Y , Lin D , Cui P , Abbasi B , Chen C , Zhang Z , Zhang Y , Dong Y , Rui R , Ju S 
Published: November 2017

ContentsPolo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1), a type of serine/threonine protein kinase, has been implicated in various functions in the regulation of mitotic processes. However, these kinase's roles in meiotic division are not fully understood, particularly in the meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes. In this study, the expression and spatiotemporal localization of Plk1 were initially assessed in the meiotic process of pig oocytes by utilizing Western blotting with immunofluorescent staining combined with confocal microscopy imaging technique. The results showed that Plk1 was expressed and exhibited a dynamic subcellular localization throughout the meiotic process. After germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), Plk1 was detected prominently around the condensed chromosomes and subsequently exhibited a similar subcellular localization to α‐tubulin throughout subsequent meiotic phases, with particular enrichment being observed near spindle poles at MI and MII. Inhibition of Plk1 via a highly selective inhibitor, GSK461364, led to the failure of first polar body extrusion in porcine oocytes, with the majority of the treated oocytes being arrested in GVBD. Further subcellular structure examination results indicated that Plk1 inhibition caused the great majority of oocytes with spindle abnormalities and chromosome misalignment during the first meiotic division. The results of this study illustrate that Plk1 is critical for the first meiotic division in porcine oocytes through its influence on spindle organization and chromosome alignment, which further affects the ensuing meiotic cell cycle progression.
Region‐dependent hamstrings activity in Nordic hamstring exercise and stiff‐leg deadlift defined with high‐density electromyography
Authors: Hegyi A. , Péter A. , Finni T. , Cronin N. J. 
Published: November 2017

Recent studies suggest region‐specific metabolic activity in hamstring muscles during injury prevention exercises, but the neural representation of this phenomenon is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine whether regional differences are evident in the activity of biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles during two common injury prevention exercises. Twelve male participants without a history of hamstring injury performed the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) and stiff‐leg deadlift (SDL) while BFlh and ST activities were recorded with high‐density electromyography (HD‐EMG). Normalized activity was calculated from the distal, middle, and proximal regions in the eccentric phase of each exercise. In NHE, ST overall activity was substantially higher than in BFlh (d = 1.06 ± 0.45), compared to trivial differences between muscles in SDL (d = 0.19 ± 0.34). Regional differences were found in NHE for both muscles, with different proximal‐distal patterns: The distal region showed the lowest activity level in ST (regional differences, d range = 0.55‐1.41) but the highest activity level in BFlh (regional differences, d range = 0.38‐1.25). In SDL, regional differences were smaller in both muscles (d range = 0.29‐0.67 and 0.16‐0.63 in ST and BFlh, respectively) than in NHE. The use of HD‐EMG in hamstrings revealed heterogeneous hamstrings activity during typical injury prevention exercises. High‐density EMG might be useful in future studies to provide a comprehensive overview of hamstring muscle activity in other exercises and high‐injury risk tasks.
Resident versus faculty member simulation debriefing
Authors: Adams Traci , Newton Chad , Patel Hetal , Sulistio Melanie , Tomlinson Andrew , Lee Won 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundNear‐peer teaching is effective in graduate medical education, but it has not been compared with faculty member teaching in resident simulation. In this study, we sought to compare debriefing sessions of internal medicine (IM) intern simulation sessions led by academic faculty doctors with those led by senior IM residents in order to measure the effectiveness of near‐peer teaching in this setting.Near‐peer teaching is effective in graduate medical education, but has not been compared with faculty member teaching in resident simulationMethodInternal medicine interns participated in four simulation cases, two of which were debriefed by faculty members and two of which were debriefed by residents. Pre‐simulation knowledge assessment was completed prior to the case. Following each debriefing, interns completed a Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH) survey. Post‐simulation knowledge assessments were completed 6 months after simulation. Debriefings were recorded and transcribed. Each statement made during debriefing was classified as either correct or erroneous by blinded reviewers.ResultsFifty interns participated in simulation, and the response rate on the DASH survey was 88%. There was no difference between DASH scores (p = 0.13), post‐simulation knowledge assessments or error rates during debriefing (p = 0.31) for faculty member and resident instructors.ConclusionOur study suggests that residents and faculty members provide a similar quality of simulation instruction based on qualitative and quantitative evaluation.
What can strike‐slip fault spacing tell us about the plate boundary of western North America?
Authors: Zuza Andrew V. , Carlson Chad W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe spacing of parallel continental strike‐slip faults can constrain the mechanical properties of the faults and fault‐bounded crust. In the western US, evenly spaced strike‐slip fault domains are observed in the San Andreas (SA) and Walker Lane (WL) fault systems. Comparison of fault spacing (S) vs. seismogenic zone thickness (L) relationships of the SA and WL systems indicates that the SA has a higher S/L ratio (~8 vs. 1, respectively). If a stress‐shadow mechanism guides parallel fault formation, the S/L ratio should be controlled by fault strength, crustal strength, and/or regional stress. This suggests that the SA‐related strike‐slip faults are relatively weaker, with lower fault friction: 0.13–0.19 for the SA vs. 0.20 for WL. The observed mechanical differences between the San Andreas and Walker Lane fault systems may be attributed to variations in the local geology of the fault‐hosting crust and/or the regional boundary conditions (e.g. geothermal gradient or strain rate).
Sustained cardiac programming by short‐term juvenile exercise training in male rats
Authors: Asif Y. , Wlodek M. E. , Black M. J. , Russell A. P. , Soeding P. F. , Wadley G. D. 
Published: November 2017

Key points
Cardiac hypertrophy following endurance‐training is thought to be due to hypertrophy of existing cardiomyocytes.
The benefits of endurance exercise on cardiac hypertrophy are generally thought to be short‐lived and regress to sedentary levels within a few weeks of stopping endurance training.
We have now established that cardiomyocyte hyperplasia also plays a considerable role in cardiac growth in response to just 4 weeks of endurance exercise in juvenile (5–9 weeks of age) rats.
The effect of endurance exercise on cardiomyocyte hyperplasia diminishes with age and is lost by adulthood.
We have also established that the effect of juvenile exercise on heart mass is sustained into adulthood.
AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate if endurance training during juvenile life ‘reprogrammes’ the heart and leads to sustained improvements in the structure, function, and morphology of the adult heart. Male Wistar Kyoto rats were exercise trained 5 days week−1 for 4 weeks in either juvenile (5–9 weeks of age), adolescent (11–15 weeks of age) or adult life (20–24 weeks of age). Juvenile exercise training, when compared to 24‐week‐old sedentary rats, led to sustained increases in left ventricle (LV) mass (+18%; P < 0.05), wall thickness (+11%; P < 0.05), the longitudinal area of binucleated cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05), cardiomyocyte number (+36%; P < 0.05), and doubled the proportion of mononucleated cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05), with a less pronounced effect of exercise during adolescent life. Adult exercise training also increased LV mass (+11%; P < 0.05), wall thickness (+6%; P < 0.05) and the longitudinal area of binucleated cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05), despite no change in cardiomyocyte number or the proportion of mono‐ and binucleated cardiomyocytes. Resting cardiac function, LV chamber dimensions and fibrosis levels were not altered by juvenile or adult exercise training. At 9 weeks of age, juvenile exercise significantly reduced the expression of microRNA‐208b, which is a known regulator of cardiac growth, but this was not sustained to 24 weeks of age. In conclusion, juvenile exercise leads to physiological cardiac hypertrophy that is sustained into adulthood long after exercise training has ceased. Furthermore, this cardiac reprogramming is largely due to a 36% increase in cardiomyocyte number, which results in an additional 20 million cardiomyocytes in adulthood.
The Food Contaminant Deoxynivalenol Exacerbates the Genotoxicity of Gut Microbiota
Authors: Payros Delphine , Dobrindt Ulrich , Martin Patricia , Secher Thomas , Bracarense Ana Paula F. L. , Boury Michèle , Laffitte Joelle , Pinton Philippe , Oswald Eric , Oswald Isabelle P. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

An increasing number of human beings from developed countries are colonized by
Escherichia coli
strains producing colibactin, a genotoxin suspected to be associated with the development of colorectal cancers. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most prevalent mycotoxin that contaminates staple food—especially cereal products—in Europe and North America. This study investigates the effect of the food contaminant DON on the genotoxicity of the
E. coli
strains producing colibactin.
In vitro
, intestinal epithelial cells were coexposed to DON and
E. coli
producing colibactin.
In vivo
, newborn rats colonized at birth with
E. coli
producing colibactin were fed a DON-contaminated diet. Intestinal DNA damage was estimated by the phosphorylation of histone H2AX. DON exacerbates the genotoxicity of the
E. coli
producing colibactin in a time- and dose-dependent manner
in vitro
. Although DON had no effect on the composition of the gut microbiota, and especially on the number of
E. coli
, a significant increase in DNA damage was observed in intestinal epithelial cells of animals colonized by
E. coli
strains producing colibactin and coexposed to DON compared to animals colonized with
E. coli
strains unable to produce colibactin or animals exposed only to DON. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the genotoxicity of
E. coli
strains producing colibactin, increasingly present in the microbiota of asymptomatic human beings, is modulated by the presence of DON in the diet. This raises questions about the synergism between food contaminants and gut microbiota with regard to intestinal carcinogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
An increasing number of human beings from developed countries are colonized by
Escherichia coli
strains producing colibactin, a genotoxin suspected to be associated with the development of colorectal cancers. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most prevalent mycotoxin that contaminates staple food—especially cereal products—in Europe and North America. Our
in vitro
and
in vivo
results demonstrate that the intestinal DNA damage induced by colibactin-producing
E. coli
strains was exacerbated by the presence of DON in the diet. This raises questions about the synergism between food contaminants and gut microbiota with regard to intestinal carcinogenesis.
Natural history of primary paediatric optic nerve sheath meningioma: case series and review
Authors: Narayan Daniel S , Traber Ghislaine L , Figueira Edwin , Pirbhai Adnan , Landau Klara , Davis Garry , Crompton John , Selva Dinesh 
Published: November 2017

PurposeTo study the natural history, clinical and radiological characteristics of primary paediatric optic nerve sheath meningioma (PPONSM).MethodsRetrospective study of eight paediatric patients who were treated between 1994 and 2016 at the University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland and the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia. Clinical records and imaging studies were reviewed.ResultsThe mean age at presentation was 11 years (range: 6–17 years). There were six female patients and two male patients. 2/8 patients had associated neurofibromatosis type 2. Patients were followed up for 71–297 months (mean 156±70 months). 6/8 patients were observed through the course of their disease and 2/8 patients were treated with radiotherapy. 2/8 patients who were observed had minimal change in vision and did not experience tumour growth after long-term follow-up.ConclusionsThis is the largest PPONSM case series with long-term data on patients treated conservatively. We highlight that a small subset of these tumours are indolent and can be managed using observation alone.
Antibiotic use and bacterial complications following upper respiratory tract infections: a population-based study
Authors: Cars Thomas , Eriksson Irene , Granath Anna , Wettermark Björn , Hellman Jenny , Norman Christer , Ternhag Anders 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate if use of antibiotics was associated with bacterial complications following upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs).DesignEcological time-trend analysis and a prospective cohort study.SettingPrimary, outpatient specialist and inpatient care in Stockholm County, Sweden. All analyses were based on administrative healthcare data on consultations, diagnoses and dispensed antibiotics from January 2006 to January 2016.Main outcome measuresEcological time-trend analysis: 10-year trend analyses of the incidence of URTIs, bacterial infections/complications and respiratory antibiotic use.Prospective cohort study: Incidence of bacterial complications following URTIs in antibiotic-exposed and non-exposed patients.ResultsThe utilisation of respiratory tract antibiotics decreased by 22% from 2006 to 2015, but no increased trend for mastoiditis (p=0.0933), peritonsillar abscess (p=0.0544), invasive group A streptococcal disease (p=0.3991), orbital abscess (p=0.9637), extradural and subdural abscesses (p=0.4790) and pansinusitis (p=0.3971) was observed. For meningitis and acute ethmoidal sinusitis, a decrease in the numbers of infections from 2006 to 2015 was observed (p=0.0038 and p=0.0003, respectively), and for retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses, an increase was observed (p=0.0214). Bacterial complications following URTIs were uncommon in both antibiotic-exposed (less than 1.5 per 10 000 episodes) and non-exposed patients (less than 1.3 per 10 000 episodes) with the exception of peritonsillar abscess after tonsillitis (risk per 10 000 tonsillitis episodes: 32.4 and 41.1 in patients with no antibiotic treatment and patients treated with antibiotics, respectively).ConclusionsBacterial complications following URTIs are rare, and antibiotics may lack protective effect in preventing bacterial complications. Analyses of routinely collected administrative healthcare data can provide valuable information on the number of URTIs, antibiotic use and bacterial complications to patients, prescribers and policy-makers.
Qualitative evaluation of a deferred consent process in paediatric emergency research: a PREDICT study
Authors: Furyk Jeremy , McBain-Rigg Kristin , Watt Kerrianne , Emeto Theophilus I , Franklin Richard C , Franklin Donna , Schibler Andreas , Dalziel Stuart R , Babl Franz E , Wilson Catherine , Phillips Natalie , Ray Robin 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundA challenge of conducting research in critically ill children is that the therapeutic window for the intervention may be too short to seek informed consent prior to enrolment. In specific circumstances, most international ethical guidelines allow for children to be enrolled in research with informed consent obtained later, termed deferred consent (DC) or retrospective consent. There is a paucity of data on the attitudes of parents to this method of enrolment in paediatric emergency research.ObjectivesTo explore the attitudes of parents to the concept of DC and to expand the knowledge of the limitations to informed consent and DC in these situations.MethodChildren presenting with uncomplicated febrile seizures or bronchiolitis were identified from three separate hospital emergency department databases. Parents were invited to participate in a semistructured telephone interview exploring themes of limitations of prospective informed consent, acceptability of the DC process and the most appropriate time to seek DC. Transcripts underwent inductive thematic analysis with intercoder agreement, using Nvivo 11 software.ResultsA total of 39 interviews were conducted. Participants comprehended the limitations of informed consent under emergency circumstances and were generally supportive of DC. However, they frequently confused concepts of clinical care and research, and support for participation was commonly linked to their belief of personal benefit.ConclusionParticipants acknowledged the requirement for alternatives to prospective informed consent in emergency research, and were supportive of the concept of DC. Our results suggest that current research practice seems to align with community expectations.