bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four cases of pediatric deep‐seated/subcutaneous pyogenic granuloma: Review of literature and differential diagnosis
Authors: Putra Juan , Rymeski Beth , Merrow Arnold C. , Dasgupta Roshni , Gupta Anita 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundPyogenic granulomas are benign, reactive, typically superficial vascular lesions that can be idiopathic or arise secondary to trauma, underlying vascular malformations, infections, physiologic or pathologic endocrine changes, and hormone therapy. Deep‐seated/subcutaneous pyogenic granulomas (DSPG) are rarely seen in any age group. Pediatric DSPGs can be a clinical and pathologic challenge because these lesions mimic other vascular lesions, including kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, infantile hemangiomas and vascular malformations.MethodsRetrospective search of DSPG excised at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical center between June 2010 and June 2011 was conducted. Clinical information was obtained from patient charts and histologic slides were retrieved and reviewed.ResultsOf the 106 cases of pyogenic granuloma, 4 (3.8%) were diagnosed as DSPG. We report the details of those 4 cases and compare them with the other pediatric DSPG cases reported in the literature. We also review the histologic differential diagnosis of DSPG in pediatric population.ConclusionOur results suggest that these lesions may not be as rare as inferred by literature, but, rather, underdiagnosed.
Do city–county mergers in China promote local economic development?
Authors: Tang Wei , Hewings Geoffrey J.D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMunicipal mergers have become a worldwide phenomenon in the past few decades, primarily advanced to exploit economies of scale. While most evaluations of municipal mergers have focused on the efficiency of local public goods provision, it is rare in the literature to explore how such mergers promote economic growth in a developing country context. This research investigates the economic consequences of a policy experiment of city–county mergers (che xian she qu) in China during the period 2000–2004. Using comprehensive datasets at city, county and firm levels, we present evidence that the merger significantly increases local economic development, and the magnitude of the effect depends on local endowments related to agglomeration forces. The results are robust to a number of different model specifications. We further verify that improved transport infrastructure and urban agglomeration economies after merger are potential contributors to the positive merger effects.
RNAi feeding bioassay: development of a non‐transgenic approach to control Asian citrus psyllid and other hemipterans
Authors: Andrade Eduardo C. , Hunter Wayne B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) involves a natural mechanism of gene regulation and an antiviral defense system in eukaryotic cells, resulting in sequence‐specific degradation of RNAs. Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility of using RNAi‐based strategies to reduce insect pests or increase the health of beneficial insects. This technology permits the development of strategies to control a single insect species, with possibly no negative effects on non‐target species, like honey bees or parasitoids. Focus on the development of topically applied RNAi‐based approaches to manage insect pests and pathogens may provide environmentally sound products for use across all agriculture production systems. Herein presented are methods to develop RNAi‐based control to the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), vector of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). Described is an RNAi feeding bioassay, called in plant system (iPS), which uses vegetative new‐growth citrus flush to deliver double‐strand RNA (dsRNA) to ACP during natural feeding. The iPS demonstrated delivery of non‐specific dsRNA in ACP 72 h post feeding. Feeding on flushes treated with dsRNA targeting ACP Arginine Kinase (dsAK), caused relative transcript knockdown and psyllid mortality. Increasing the dose of dsAK or use of dsRNA triggers made to different regions of the AK mRNA did not increase psyllid mortality. The iPS bioassay provides an easy system for use across many plants to successfully deliver dsRNA to ACP and other hemipteran insects for research or RNAi development.
Description of veterinary events and risk factors for fatality in National Hunt flat racing Thoroughbreds in Great Britain (2000–2013)
Authors: Allen S. E. , Rosanowski S. M. , Stirk A. J. , Verheyen K. L. P. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundNo large‐scale studies have described veterinary events occurring in National Hunt (NH) flat racing or investigated risk factors for fatality in this race type.ObjectivesTo describe injuries and conditions requiring veterinary attendance on race day and to determine risk factors for racehorse fatality in NH flat racing in Great Britain.Study designRetrospective cohort study (2000–2013).MethodsInformation from all NH flat races held over the study period, including horse, race and veterinary event report details, was combined. Veterinary events were described by type and anatomical structure(s) affected. Incidence per 1000 starts were calculated for all veterinary events and by event group, and stratified by certain horse‐ and race‐level variables. Risk factors for fatality were determined using multivariable logistic regression modelling.ResultsOver the 14‐year study period, 544 veterinary events were recorded, providing an overall incidence of 13.0 events per 1000 starts. The most common events were bone injuries (23.5%) and tendon or ligament injuries (16.4%). A fatal outcome was recorded for 117 horses (21.5% of all events), resulting in an incidence of 2.9 deaths per 1000 starts. Odds of fatality were 4.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59–11.82; P = 0.02) times higher in races restricted to conditional jockeys compared to those that were not. Horses starting in their first race experienced 1.44 (95% CI 1.00–2.08; P = 0.05) times the odds of death compared to those that had raced before.Main limitationsClassification of veterinary events frequently relied upon presumptive diagnosis.ConclusionsThis study provides a benchmark for the ongoing surveillance of veterinary events in NH flat racing. These results support the phasing out of NH flat races restricted to conditional jockeys and highlight the need for further work to establish why NH flat racing Thoroughbreds competing in their first race are at increased risk for death.
Social Capital and Entrepreneurship: Does the Relationship Hold in Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods?
Authors: Williams Nick , Huggins Robert , Thompson Piers 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship in deprived urban neighbourhoods (DUNs). While there is a great deal of research on social capital, its usage and value in deprived areas is an under‐researched topic. Drawing on survey data, it is found that social capital in the form of network ties within a DUN is linked to how entrepreneurship develops in these places. The breadth and variety of network ties that individuals are able to identify as sources of advice is related to the probability of considering an entrepreneurial career, and is even more strongly related to the conversion of entrepreneurial intentions into full engagement. If entrepreneurship is to be harnessed in DUNs a starting point is the enhancement of initiatives for developing social capital incorporating local businesses, residents, and local government agencies.
Xeroderma pigmentosum group C protein interacts with histones: regulation by acetylated states of histone H3
Authors: Kakumu Erina , Nakanishi Seiya , Shiratori Hiromi M. , Kato Akari , Kobayashi Wataru , Machida Shinichi , Yasuda Takeshi , Adachi Naoko , Saito Naoaki , Ikura Tsuyoshi , Kurumizaka Hitoshi , Kimura Hiroshi , Yokoi Masayuki , Sakai Wataru , Sugasawa Kaoru 
Published: February 2017

In the mammalian global genome nucleotide excision repair pathway, two damage recognition factors, XPC and UV‐DDB, play pivotal roles in the initiation of the repair reaction. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of the lesion recognition process in the context of chromatin structures remain to be understood. Here, we show evidence that damage recognition factors tend to associate with chromatin regions devoid of certain types of acetylated histones. Treatment of cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors retarded recruitment of XPC to sites of UV‐induced DNA damage and the subsequent repair process. Biochemical studies showed novel multifaceted interactions of XPC with histone H3, which were profoundly impaired by deletion of the N‐terminal tail of histone H3. In addition, histone H1 also interacted with XPC. Importantly, acetylation of histone H3 markedly attenuated the interaction with XPC in vitro, and local UV irradiation of cells decreased the level of H3K27ac in the damaged areas. Our results suggest that histone deacetylation plays a significant role in the process of DNA damage recognition for nucleotide excision repair and that the localization and functions of XPC can be regulated by acetylated states of histones.
Pharmacokinetics of a novel extended half‐life glycoPEGylated factor IX, nonacog beta pegol (N9‐GP) in previously treated patients with haemophilia B: results from two phase 3 clinical trials
Authors: Tiede A. , Abdul‐Karim F. , Carcao M. , Persson P. , Clausen W. H. O. , Kearney S. , Matsushita T. , Negrier C. , Oldenburg J. , Santagostino E. , Young G. 
Published: February 2017

IntroductionNonacog beta pegol (N9‐GP) is a glycoPEGylated recombinant factor IX (FIX) with an extended half‐life developed for routine prophylaxis and the prevention and treatment of bleeding episodes in patients with haemophilia B.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of N9‐GP.MethodsData from 41 previously treated haemophilia B patients, enrolled globally (16 adolescents/adults and 25 children; FIX activity ≤0.02 IU mL−1) with no history of FIX inhibitors, were included. N9‐GP was administered once‐weekly as 10 IU kg−1 or 40 IU kg−1 in adolescents/adults and 40 IU kg−1 in children. Blood was sampled up to 168 h (1 week) post dose. Standard PK was estimated on the basis of plasma FIX activity vs. time (PK profiles) using non‐compartmental methods. Furthermore, a population PK analysis and FIX activity predictions were performed.ResultsIncremental recoveries were 0.02 (IU mL−1)/(IU kg−1) in both adolescents/adults and children. The extended half‐life resulted in mean trough levels of 0.27 IU mL−1 for adolescents/adults and 0.17 IU mL−1 for children at steady‐state after weekly dosing at 40 IU kg−1. The population PK analysis confirmed a mono‐exponential decay in FIX activity and allowed for predictions of FIX activity for adolescents/adults above 0.15 IU mL−1 at all times and 6.4 days week−1 in children.ConclusionN9‐GP has the potential to shift previously treated haemophilia B patients from a severe/moderate disease state into a mild‐ or non‐haemophilic range for most of the dosing interval, which is expected to reduce the number of bleeding episodes.
Pediatric pyoderma gangrenosum: a systematic review and update
Authors: Kechichian Elio , Haber Roger , Mourad Nadim , El Khoury Rana , Jabbour Samer , Tomb Roland 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a sterile neutrophilic disorder that rarely affects children. Clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic data on pediatric PG is poor as there are many newly reported associated diseases and drugs. This paper aims to review all recent available data on pediatric PG. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases. A total of 132 articles were included in the review. The most commonly reported underlying diseases in pediatric PG are inflammatory bowel diseases followed by hematologic disorders, vasculitis, immune deficiencies and Pyogenic Arthritis, Pyoderma gangrenosum and Acne (PAPA) syndrome. More than half of the cases occur with no underlying disease. The most frequently reported clinical presentation is multiple disseminated ulcers. Treatment should be tailored according to the underlying etiology. It includes systemic steroids, corticosteroid sparing agents such as dapsone and cyclosporine, and TNF‐alpha inhibitors such as adalimumab and infliximab. Response to treatment is high with cure rates reaching 90%. A high index of suspicion and a thorough workup are mandatory in the management of pediatric PG.
Feel the Fear: Learning Graphic Design in Affective Places and Online Spaces
Authors: Nottingham Anitra 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article explores the idea of pedagogic affect in both onsite and online graphic design learning spaces, and speculates on the role that this affect plays in the formation of the design student. I argue that embodied design knowledge is built by interactions with design professionals, activities that mimic the daily work of designers, and practices of display such as exemplar student work galleries within design schools. Therefore bodies in motion, and the places they move within, take on more importance in the making‐up of a graphic design student than we may expect. This idea has obvious implications for online design learning.Drawing on concepts from both Actor‐Network Theory (ANT) and Non‐Representational Theory (NRT), this article works three empirical instances of affect. The analysis presented is targeted towards exploring the contribution of affect to teaching in onsite and online learning spaces. As the practices described here carry through time and space to other design schools, the findings put forward have implications for a broad suite of practices in design education. Thinking through how affect plays out in the onsite design school points the way towards the creation of more vibrant online learning spaces.
Outcomes of Catheter Ablation of Idiopathic Outflow Tract Ventricular Arrhythmias With an R Wave Pattern Break in Lead V2: A Distinct Clinical Entity
Authors: HAYASHI TATSUYA , SANTANGELI PASQUALE , PATHAK RAJEEV K. , MUSER DANIELE , LIANG JACKSON J. , CASTRO SIMON A. , GARCIA FERMIN C. , HUTCHINSON MATHEW D. , SUPPLE GREGORY E. , FRANKEL DAVID S. , RILEY MICHAEL P. , LIN DAVID , SCHALLER ROBERT D. , DIXIT SANJAY , CALLANS DAVID J. , ZADO ERICA S. , MARCHLINSKI FRANCIS E. 
Published: February 2017

Outflow Tract VT With Pattern Break in Lead V2IntroductionIn outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias (OT‐VAs), an abrupt loss of the R wave in lead V2 compared to V1 and V3 (pattern break in V2–PBV2) suggests an origin close to the anterior interventricular sulcus (anatomically opposite to lead V2) and adjacent to proximal coronaries. We studied the outcome of catheter ablation of OT‐VAs with a PBV2.Methods and ResultsOf 130 consecutive patients with idiopathic left bundle block morphology OT‐VAs and transition ≤V4, 12 (9%) had PBV2. Outcomes in this group were compared to the remaining 118 patients. Patients with PBV2 were more likely to be younger (41 ± 18 vs. 50 ± 14 years, P = 0.0384) and women (11 [92%] vs. 70 [59%], P = 0.0302). The earliest activation was at the RVOT in seven, left coronary cusp (LCC) in one, anterior interventricular vein (AIV) in two and the epicardium in two. In five (42%) cases (earliest activation in the AIV in two, epicardium in two, and RVOT below the valve level in one), ablation was aborted due to proximity to the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. After 36 ± 17 months and 1.3 ± 0.5 procedures, VAs elimination was achieved in 58% of patients with PBV2 compared to 89% of the reference population (P = 0.0125) with effective site in five of seven at the most anterior and leftward RVOT adjacent to the pulmonic valve (PV).ConclusionsOT‐VAs with PBV2 demonstrate a unique ECG pattern and challenging catheter ablation. Proximity to LAD precludes ablation in about half. Long‐term VA suppression could be achieved in only 58% of cases most commonly when the earliest site is at the anterior and leftward RVOT just under the PV.
Histology and ultrastructure of the thymus during development in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Cao Jianmeng , Chen Qiong , Lu Maixin , Hu Xinxin , Wang Miao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe thymus in teleost fishes plays an important role in producing functionally competent T‐lymphocytes. However, the thymus in tilapia is not well known, which greatly hampers investigations into the immune responses of tilapia infected by aquatic pathogens. The histological structure and ultrastructure of the thymus in Oreochromis niloticus, including embryos and larvae at different developmental stages, juveniles, and adult fish, were systematically investigated using whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH), and light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The position of the thymus primordium was first labeled in the embryo at 2 days post‐fertilization (dpf) with the thymus marker gene recombination activating gene 1 (Rag1), when the water temperature was 27 °C. Obvious structures of the thymus were easily observed in 4‐dpf embryos. At this stage, the thymus was filled with stem cells. At 6 dpf, the thymus differentiated into the cortex and medulla. The shape of the thymus was ‘broad bean’‐like during the early stages from 4 to 10 dpf, and became wedge‐shaped in fish larvae at 20 dpf. At 6 months post‐fertilization (mpf), the thymus differentiated into the peripheral zone, central zone, and inner zone. During this stage, myoid cells and adipocytes appeared in the inner zone following thymus degeneration. Then, the thymus displayed more advanced degeneration by 1 year post‐fertilization (ypf), and the separation of cortex and medulla was not observed at this stage. The thymic trabecula and lobule were absent during the entire course of development. However, the typical Hassall's corpuscle was present and underwent degeneration. Additionally, TEM showed that the thymic tissues contained a wide variety of cell types, namely lymphocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and mastocytes.
Compassion fatigue in nurses: A metasynthesis
Authors: Nolte Anna GW , Downing Charlene , Temane Annie , Hastings‐Tolsma Marie 
Published: February 2017

Aims and objectivesTo interpret the body of qualitative work focusing on compassion fatigue to distil a common understanding that could then be applied to nursing care.BackgroundComplex demands place extraordinary stress on nurses struggling to work in overburdened healthcare systems. The result can be the inability to care well for others, leading to compassion fatigue, burnout and increased numbers leaving the profession. Metasynthesis offers a means of more fully illuminating compassion fatigue and further understanding of practices which might reduce its negative consequences.DesignMetasynthesis.MethodAs a method designed to facilitate knowledge development, metasynthesis allowed for integration of qualitative study findings conducted between 1992–2016 using defined search terms. Six databases were searched for articles published in English. Nine papers met the criteria for review and metasynthesis was conducted using the meta‐ethnographic approach detailed by Noblit and Hare.ResultsFour themes related to compassion fatigue were found by consensus discussion. The themes included: physical (“just plain worn out”) and emotional symptoms (“walking on a tightrope”), triggering factors (“an unbearable weight on shoulders” and “alone in a crowded room”), and measures to overcome/prevent (“who has my back?”).ConclusionsCompassion fatigue is a concept of documented relevance to those in nursing and represents a basic inability to nurture others and engenders a temporal component. Synthesis of studies provides evidence of the veracity of the concept for application to clinical practice and research related to nursing care.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings provide insight into the clinical milieu needed to prevent compassion fatigue. A theoretical model is presented which can be used to guide future research, as well as the creation of clinical practice policies which might mitigate the development of compassion fatigue and its potential consequences.
The patients’ perspective of international normalized ratio self‐testing, remote communication of test results and confidence to move to self‐management
Authors: Grogan Anne , Coughlan Michael , Prizeman Geraldine , O'Connell Niamh , O'Mahony Nora , Quinn Katherine , McKee Gabrielle 
Published: February 2017

Aims and objectivesTo elicit the perceptions of patients, who self‐tested their international normalized ratio and communicated their results via a text or phone messaging system, to determine their satisfaction with the education and support that they received and to establish their confidence to move to self‐management.BackgroundSelf‐testing of international normalized ratio has been shown to be reliable and is fast becoming common practice. As innovations are introduced to point of care testing, more research is needed to elicit patients’ perceptions of the self‐testing process.DesignThis three site study used a cross‐sectional prospective descriptive survey.MethodsThree hundred and thirty patients who were prescribed warfarin and using international normalized ratio self‐testing were invited to take part in the study. The anonymous survey examined patient profile, patients’ usage, issues, perceptions, confidence and satisfaction with using the self‐testing system and their preparedness for self‐management of warfarin dosage.ResultsThe response rate was 57% (n = 178). Patients’ confidence in self‐testing was high (90%). Patients expressed a high level of satisfaction with the support received, but expressed the need for more information on support groups, side effects of warfarin, dietary information and how to dispose of needles. When asked if they felt confident to adjust their own warfarin levels 73% agreed. Chi‐squared tests for independence revealed that none of the patient profile factors examined influenced this confidence. The patients cited the greatest advantages of the service were reduced burden, more autonomy, convenience and ease of use. The main disadvantages cited were cost and communication issues.ConclusionPatients were satisfied with self‐testing. The majority felt they were ready to move to self‐management.Relevance to clinical practiceThe introduction of innovations to remote point of care testing, such as warfarin self‐testing, needs to have support at least equal to that provided in a hospital setting.