bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continental mapping of forest ecosystem functions reveals a high but unrealised potential for forest multifunctionality
Authors: van der Plas Fons , Ratcliffe Sophia , Ruiz‐Benito Paloma , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Verheyen Kris , Wirth Christian , Zavala Miguel A. , Ampoorter Evy , Baeten Lander , Barbaro Luc , Bastias Cristina C. , Bauhus Jürgen , Benavides Raquel , Benneter Adam , Bonal Damien , Bouriaud Olivier , Bruelheide Helge , Bussotti Filippo , Carnol Monique , Castagneyrol Bastien , Charbonnier Yohan , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. , Dahlgren Jonas , Checko Ewa , Coppi Andrea , Dawud Seid Muhie , Deconchat Marc , De Smedt Pallieter , De Wandeler Hans , Domisch Timo , Finér Leena , Fotelli Mariangela , Gessler Arthur , Granier André , Grossiord Charlotte , Guyot Virginie , Haase Josephine , Hättenschwiler Stephan , Jactel Hervé , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Joly François‐Xavier , Jucker Tommaso , Kambach Stephan , Kaendler Gerald , Kattge Jens , Koricheva Julia , Kunstler Georges , Lehtonen Aleksi , Liebergesell Mario , Manning Peter , Milligan Harriet , Müller Sandra , Muys Bart , Nguyen Diem , Nock Charles , Ohse Bettina , Paquette Alain , Peñuelas Josep , Pollastrini Martina , Radoglou Kalliopi , Raulund‐Rasmussen Karsten , Roger Fabian , Seidl Rupert , Selvi Federico , Stenlid Jan , Valladares Fernando , van Keer Johan , Vesterdal Lars , Fischer Markus , Gamfeldt Lars , Allan Eric 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHumans require multiple services from ecosystems, but it is largely unknown whether trade‐offs between ecosystem functions prevent the realisation of high ecosystem multifunctionality across spatial scales. Here, we combined a comprehensive dataset (28 ecosystem functions measured on 209 forest plots) with a forest inventory dataset (105,316 plots) to extrapolate and map relationships between various ecosystem multifunctionality measures across Europe. These multifunctionality measures reflected different management objectives, related to timber production, climate regulation and biodiversity conservation/recreation. We found that trade‐offs among them were rare across Europe, at both local and continental scales. This suggests a high potential for ‘win‐win’ forest management strategies, where overall multifunctionality is maximised. However, across sites, multifunctionality was on average 45.8‐49.8% below maximum levels and not necessarily highest in protected areas. Therefore, using one of the most comprehensive assessments so far, our study suggests a high but largely unrealised potential for management to promote multifunctional forests.
Predicting frequent emergency department use among children with epilepsy: A retrospective cohort study using electronic health data from 2 centers
Authors: Grinspan Zachary M. , Patel Anup D. , Hafeez Baria , Abramson Erika L. , Kern Lisa M. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryObjectiveAmong children with epilepsy, to develop and evaluate a model to predict emergency department (ED) use, an indicator of poor disease control and/or poor access to care.MethodsWe used electronic health record data from 2013 to predict ED use in 2014 at 2 centers, benchmarking predictive performance against machine learning algorithms. We evaluated algorithms by calculating the expected yearly ED visits among the 5% highest risk individuals. We estimated the breakeven cost per patient per year for an intervention that reduced ED visits by 10%. We estimated uncertainty via cross‐validation and bootstrapping.ResultsBivariate analyses showed multiple potential predictors of ED use (demographics, social determinants of health, comorbidities, insurance, disease severity, and prior health care utilization). A 3‐variable model (prior ED use, insurance, number of antiepileptic drugs [AEDs]) performed as well as the best machine learning algorithm at one center (N = 2730; ED visits among top 5% highest risk, 3‐variable model, mean = 2.9, interquartile range [IQR] = 2.7‐3.1 vs Random Forest, mean = 2.9, IQR = 2.7‐3.1), and superior at the second (N = 784; mean = 2.5, IQR = 2.2‐2.9 vs mean = 1.9, IQR = 1.6‐2.5). The per‐patient‐per‐year breakeven point using this model to identify high‐risk individuals was $958 (95% confidence interval [CI] = $568‐$1390) at one center and $1086 (95% CI = $886‐$1320) at the second.SignificancePrior ED use, insurance status, and number of AEDs, taken together, predict future ED use for children with epilepsy. Our estimates suggest a program targeting high‐risk children with epilepsy that reduced ED visits by 10% could spend approximately $1000 per patient per year and break even. Further work is indicated to develop and evaluate such programs.
Monetary policy uncertainty, positions of traders and changes in commodity futures prices
Authors: Gospodinov Nikolay , Jamali Ibrahim 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the sensitivity of commodity price changes to monetary policy uncertainty. We find evidence that the response of commodity price changes hinges on the sign of the monetary policy shock, the level of monetary policy uncertainty as well as a recession dummy. Uncertainty associated with negative monetary policy shocks leads to a decrease in commodity prices and excess speculative activity. The results from estimating an asset pricing model suggest that monetary policy uncertainty appears not to be a priced risk factor in the cross‐section of commodity price changes.
The payback of mutual fund selectivity in European markets
Authors: Dong Feng , Doukas John A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIs European fund management selectivity skill (1 − R2) profitable (alpha)? To examine this question, we use a sample of 2,947 actively managed domestic equity mutual funds from 11 European countries. We find that high fund selectivity generates significant investor gains. The results are robust to investor sentiment and stock‐market dispersion conditions. Moreover, we investigate the moderating effect of country characteristics on the profitability of fund selectivity and find that managers' selectivity ability is more valuable in countries with high economic development, strong legal system, small but highly liquid equity markets, and young mutual fund industries.
Engineering improved variants of the antifungal peptide histatin 5 with reduced susceptibility to Candida albicans secreted aspartic proteases and enhanced antimicrobial potency
Authors: Ikonomova Svetlana P. , Moghaddam‐Taaheri Parisa , Jabra‐Rizk Mary Ann , Wang Yan , Karlsson Amy J. 
Published: November 2017

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and a commensal organism that commonly colonizes mucosal surfaces, including those inside the human mouth. To help control C. albicans, human saliva contains the antifungal peptide histatin 5 (Hst‐5), which has strong antifungal activity against C. albicans. However, the pathogen produces secreted aspartic proteases (Saps) that cleave Hst‐5 at lysine residues and eliminate its antifungal properties. We designed variants of Hst‐5 with its lysine residues substituted with arginine or leucine to evaluate the effect on proteolysis by Saps. We found site‐, residue‐, and Sap‐dependent effects from single amino acid substitutions. The K17R and K17L modifications led to dramatic results, with over 77% and 100% intact peptide remaining after incubation with Sap9 and Sap2, respectively, compared to 47% and 61% of Hst‐5. This decrease in proteolysis was accompanied by a reduction in cleavage on the C‐terminal side of K17, suggesting the Saps prefer lysine at K17 for cleavage. Incubation with C. albicans cells and culture supernatant corroborated the results with purified Saps and highlighted their biological relevance. The modifications to Hst‐5 do not diminish the antifungal activity of Hst‐5, and, in fact, the K17R, K17L, and K11R peptides retained significantly more antifungal activity after treatment with Saps than Hst‐5. Our results indicate that single amino acid modifications drastically impact both proteolysis at the modification sites and the overall level of proteolysis of the peptide, demonstrating the potential of designing peptides for resistance to proteolysis as a means for improving therapeutic efficacy.
Biogeography at the limits of life: Do extremophilic microbial communities show biogeographical regionalization?
Authors: Clark Dave R. , Mathieu Mégane , Mourot Léonie , Dufossé Laurent , Underwood Graham J. C. , Dumbrell Alex J. , McGenity Terry J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimBiogeographical regions are the fundamental geographical units for grouping Earth's biodiversity. Biogeographical regionalization has been demonstrated for many higher taxa, such as terrestrial plants and vertebrates, but not in microbial communities. Therefore, we sought to test empirically whether microbial communities, or taxa, show patterns consistent with biogeographical regionalization.LocationWithin halite (NaCl) crystals from coastal solar salterns of western Europe, the Mediterranean and east Africa.Time periodModern (2006–2013).Major taxa studiedArchaea.MethodsUsing high‐throughput Illumina amplicon sequencing, we generated the most high‐resolution characterization of halite‐associated archaeal communities to date, using samples from 17 locations. We grouped communities into biogeographical clusters based on community turnover to test whether these communities show biogeographical regionalization. To examine whether individual taxa, rather than communities, show biogeographical patterns, we also tested whether the relative abundance of individual genera may be indicative of a community's biogeographical origins using machine learning methods, specifically random forest classification.ResultsWe found that the rate of community turnover was greatest over subregional spatial scales (< 500 km), whereas at regional spatial scales the turnover was independent of geographical distance. Biogeographical clusters of communities were either not statistically robust or lacked spatial coherence, inconsistent with biogeographical regionalization. However, we identified several archaeal genera that were good indicators of biogeographical origin, providing classification error rates of < 10%.Main conclusionsOverall, our results provide little support for the concept of biogeographical regions in these extremophilic microbial communities, despite the fact that some taxa do show biogeographical patterns. We suggest that variable dispersal ability among the halite‐associated Archaea may disrupt biogeographical patterns at the community level, preventing the formation of biogeographical regions. This means that the processes that lead to the formation of biogeographical regions operate differentially on individual microbial taxa rather than on entire communities.
The latitudinal diversity gradient in New World swallowtail butterflies is caused by contrasting patterns of out‐of‐ and into‐the‐tropics dispersal
Authors: Owens Hannah L. , Lewis Delano S. , Dupuis Julian R. , Clamens Anne‐Laure , Sperling Felix A. H. , Kawahara Akito Y. , Guralnick Robert P. , Condamine Fabien L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimThe aim was to determine processes driving the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) in New World swallowtail butterfly diversity. We tested three mechanisms commonly invoked to explain the LDG: ecological opportunity, evolutionary rates and biogeographical history.LocationNew World and Eurasia.Time periodOligocene–Present.Major taxa studiedNew World swallowtail butterfly clade (Papilio: Agehana, Alexanoria, Chilasa, Heraclides and Pterourus).MethodsWe integrated data from the most complete current phylogeny of this clade with geographical distributions of each species inferred from ecological niche models (ENMs). We tested for correlation between breadth of available abiotic ecological niche space, latitude and differential rates of diversification between tropical and non‐tropical lineages. The clade's history of climatic and geographical occupancy was also reconstructed using both continuous ancestral character reconstructions and biogeographical history inferred under a dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis model. We considered both latitudinal and climatic definitions of tropicality in our reconstructions.ResultsThere was no strong support for ecological opportunity or macroevolutionary processes as latitudinal diversity gradient drivers. Instead, we recovered discordant patterns in phylogenetic reconstructions of latitudinal geographical range and suitable abiotic climate conditions. Heraclides are likely to have originated and diversified in climatically and latitudinally tropical environments before some lineages dispersed to temperate habitats. The Alexanoria + Chilasa + Pterourus clade is likely to have originated in climatically and latitudinally temperate habitat before dispersing and diversifying; some lineages are likely to have dispersed into the latitudinal tropics via highland temperate‐analogue environments.Main conclusionsThe LDG in New World swallowtails results from complex interactions between ecological niche evolution and biogeographical history; both out‐of‐the‐tropics and into‐the‐tropics processes have contributed to the LDG. Our results present an example where temperate zones appear to be a source, instead of a sink, for biodiversity. Our results emphasize the need to consider biogeographical history not only from the perspective of shifts in geographical space, but also in terms of constraints enforced by ecological niche conservatism.
Both rare and common species support ecosystem services in scavenger communities
Authors: Mateo‐Tomás Patricia , Olea Pedro P. , Moleón Marcos , Selva Nuria , Sánchez‐Zapata José A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimRecent works on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships highlight abundance fluctuations of common species as more important for delivering ecosystem services than changes in species richness and composition in real‐world ecosystems. However, evidence on BEF relationships in natural ecosystems is still limited, especially for large vertebrates. Here, we aimed to disentangle the relative roles of species richness, composition and abundance of vertebrate scavenger communities in the ecological process of carcass elimination, a pivotal ecosystem service, in natural ecosystems. We evaluated the variability in the scavenging function across ecosystems, and examined the factors explaining it.LocationNine natural ecosystems, seven in Europe and two in Africa.Major taxa studiedVertebrates.Time period2006–2013.MethodsWe obtained BEF relationships from vertebrate scavengers consuming ungulate carcasses monitored through motion‐triggered remote cameras. We used the Price equation to tease out the relative roles of species richness, composition and abundance in the scavenging efficiency of vertebrates.ResultsWe recorded 46 vertebrate scavenging species, 30 in Spain and 16 in South Africa. Two main patterns drove BEF relationships. Species richness and composition drove carcass consumption in ecosystems where functionally dominant scavengers were rare, whilst context dependent effects (including species abundance) did so where functionally dominant species were common. Contrastingly to previous studies, abundance fluctuations in vertebrate scavengers were not exclusively related to common species but to the specialization of obligate scavengers (i.e., Gyps vultures) to rapidly gather at carcasses and to the top‐down control exerted by large predators.Main conclusionsRare and threatened species such as vultures and top predators become functionally key species in scavenging processes, highlighting that the delivery of ecosystem services still stands as a general argument for biodiversity conservation in vertebrate communities. Human persecution of vultures and top predators worldwide is expected to alter ecosystem functioning and services such as nutrient recycling or disease control.
Assessing social values for California's efforts to reduce the overuse of unnecessary medical care
Authors: Perez Susan L. , Backman Desiree , Ginsburg Marge 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundA partnership of large health‐care purchasers created a workgroup to reduce the overuse of harmful and wasteful medical care in California.ObjectiveEmploy a civic engagement process to identify the social values important to the public in considering different strategies to reduce overuse.InterventionUse of deliberation techniques for 3 case examples that explore possible strategies: physician oversight, physician compensation, increased patient cost‐sharing or taking no definitive action.ResultsFive themes were identified, including strong support for physicians’ leadership role to reduce overuse; nuanced enthusiasm for increasing patient cost‐sharing to discourage excessive demand; and marked disapproval of physician compensation as a motivator.ConclusionMost but not all of the perspectives voiced by participants are congruent with efforts to reduce overuse that is being initiated or discussed at the state, provider and health plan level. As health‐care policymakers and leaders consider more targeted approaches to reducing overuse, these findings will inform decision‐making.
Professional competencies and work‐related support in relation to periodontal therapy and work satisfaction: A questionnaire study among Swedish Dental Hygienists
Authors: Liss A , Alian AY , Wennström JL , Abrahamsson KH 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse dental hygienists’ (DHs) views on professional competencies and behavioural interventions in the treatment of periodontitis patients, perceived work‐related support and work satisfaction.MethodsA Web‐based questionnaire was distributed to all DHs employed at the public dental service in the county of Västra Götaland, Sweden. 302 (83%) responded to the questionnaire; 291 of these DHs stated that they on regular basis treated periodontitis patients and thus constituted the sample for analyses. Based on initial correlation and bivariate analyses of the questionnaire data, multiple logistic regression models were formulated to estimate perceived competencies to treat patients with periodontitis and work satisfaction.ResultsThe multiple analyses revealed that DHs who worked with specific methods for behavioural intervention, like motivational interviewing, were more likely to rate themselves as “definitely possessing the competencies required to treat patients with periodontitis” (OR 4.0). Likewise, this group of DHs did not consider it more difficult to charge their patients the financial costs for such a behavioural intervention than for scaling therapy (OR 3.1). The perception that one's professional competencies were utilized well in daily practice was associated with high work satisfaction (OR 4.1). More years in the profession (OR 1.03) and a good support by colleagues (OR 1.9) had also a positive impact on work satisfaction.ConclusionsDental hygienists’ considered that competencies in the treatment of periodontitis patients were related to the practice of behavioural interventions as part of therapy. A stimulating and supportive work environment, with opportunities for professional development, is important for work satisfaction.
Mean platelet diameter measurements to classify inherited thrombocytopenias
Authors: Fixter K. , Rabbolini D. J. , Valecha B. , Morel‐Kopp M.‐C. , Gabrielli S. , Chen Q. , Stevenson W. S. , Ward C. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionMean platelet volume (MPV) assists the differential diagnosis of inherited thrombocytopenia (IT) but lacks standardisation and varies between automated analysers. Classification of IT based on mean platelet diameter (MPD) has been proposed by an international collaborative study but has not been validated.MethodsTo assess the applicability of MPD to classify forms of IT, digital images of blood films from patients with established genetic causes for IT were generated, and the MPD measured (ZEISS Axio‐scanner and Image J software) by a blinded reviewer. Comparison was made to the proposed classification system.ResultsMean platelet volume was measured in thrombocytopenia with different genetic aetiologies, bilallelic BSS (bBSS) (n = 1), monoallelic BSS (mBSS) (n = 2), MYH9‐related disorders (MYH9‐RD) (n = 11), GFI1B‐related thrombocytopenia (RT) (n = 15), FLI1‐RT (n = 2), TUBB1‐RT (n = 3), ITGA2B/ITGB3‐RT (n = 1), RUNX1‐RT (n = 2) and controls (n = 54). bBSS and 82% of MYH9‐RD samples had MPD >4 μm which correlated with “IT with giant platelets.” Only 55% of samples expected in the “large platelet group” had MPD meeting the classification cut‐off (MPD >3.2 μm). FLI1‐RT MPD were significantly larger than expected whilst ITGA2B/ITGB3‐RT MPD were smaller than proposed. MPD in FPD/AML were “normal.”ConclusionPlatelet MPD measurements are a useful guide to classify IT, but the time taken to record measurements may limit clinical applicability.
Face Preferences for Infant‐ and Adult‐Directed Speakers in Infants of Depressed and Nondepressed Mothers: Association with Infant Cognitive Development
Authors: Kaplan Peter S. , Asherin Ryan M. , Vogeli Jo M. , Fekri Shiva M. , Scheyer Kathryn E. , Everhart Kevin D. 
Published: November 2017

Face preferences for speakers of infant‐directed and adult‐directed speech (IDS and ADS) were investigated in 4‐ to 13.5‐month‐old infants of depressed and nondepressed mothers. Following 1 min of exposure to an ID or AD speaker (order counterbalanced), infants had an immediate paired‐comparison test with a still, silent image of the familiarized versus a novel face. In the test phase, ID face preference ratios were significantly lower in infants of depressed than nondepressed mothers. Infants' ID face preference ratios, but not AD face preference ratios, correlated with their percentile scores on the cognitive (Cog) scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant & Toddler Development (3rd Edition; BSID‐III), assessed concurrently. Regression analyses revealed that infant ID face preferences significantly predicted infantCogpercentiles even after demographic risk factors and maternal depression had been controlled. Infants may use IDS to select social partners who are likely to support and facilitate cognitive development.
Risk factors for seasonal influenza virus detection in stools of patients consulting in general practice for acute respiratory infections in France, 2014‐2016
Authors: Minodier Laëtitia , Masse Shirley , Capai Lisandru , Blanchon Thierry , Ceccaldi Pierre‐Emmanuel , van der Werf Sylvie , Hanslik Thomas , Charrel Remi , Falchi Alessandra 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundPrevious studies reported detection of influenza RNA in stools of patients with seasonal influenza infection. While this detection may have a clinical significance, other factors may influence the stool positivity for influenza viruses.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate demographical, clinical, and microbiological factors which could favor the presence of influenza viral RNA in the stools of patients with laboratory‐confirmed influenza infection.MethodsAcute respiratory infection (ARI) patients were enrolled by general practitioners (GP) during two winter seasons (2014‐2016). Nasopharyngeal swabs, stool specimens, and clinical data were collected. Samples were tested for 12 respiratory pathogen groups (nasopharyngeal and stool specimens) and for 12 enteric pathogens (stool specimens).ResultsAmong the 331 patients with ARI enrolled by GP, 114 (34.4%) presented influenza infection. Influenza RNA was detected in stool samples of 21% (24/114) of the 114 stool specimens analyzed. Hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 7.8 (95% confidence interval (CI)) [1.7‐33.7], P = .02), age between 45 and 64 years (aOR = 4.8 [1.7‐14.5], P = .01), consumption of raw shellfish and/or mollusks (aOR = 16.7 [3.6‐90.9], P = .00), and use of antibiotics (aOR = 6.4 [2.1‐19.8], P = .006) or antiviral treatment (aOR = 7.4 [1.9‐29], P = .01) were significantly associated with an increased odds of the detection of influenza RNA in stools. Among the 24 stool samples subjected to viral isolation, no one showed virus growth.ConclusionsThese findings will be useful to studies investigating the dissemination route of influenza viruses to gastrointestinal tract.