bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open innovation: an analysis of twelve years of research
Authors: Hossain Mokter , Anees-ur-Rehman Muhammad 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore patterns and developments in the open innovation literature.Design/methodology/approach– A bibliometric analysis was performed by classifying 411 articles in a range of key attributes.Findings– Europe (61 per cent) as a region of data source was higher than all other regions together. As a unit of analysis, firm level (65 per cent) was more than all other levels together. Qualitative studies were mostly case-based, and quantitative studies were largely based on survey and panel data. Regression was a widely used analytical technique.Originality/value– The authors identified avenues to address overlooked research topics, increase cross-continental collaboration, diversity of research methods beyond case study and survey, etc. Based on findings, the authors outlined some future research directions.
Parasite infection alters nitrogen cycling at the ecosystem scale
Authors: Mischler John , Johnson Pieter T.J. , McKenzie Valerie J. , Townsend Alan R. 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Despite growing evidence that parasites often alter nutrient flows through their hosts and can comprise a substantial amount of biomass in many systems, whether endemic parasites influence ecosystem nutrient cycling, and which nutrient pathways may be important, remains conjectural.

A framework to evaluate how endemic parasites alter nutrient cycling across varied ecosystems requires an understanding of the following: (i) parasite effects on host nutrient excretion; (ii) ecosystem nutrient limitation; (iii) effects of parasite abundance, host density, host functional role and host excretion rate on nutrient flows; and (iv) how this infection‐induced nutrient flux compares to other pools and fluxes. Pathogens that significantly increase the availability of a limiting nutrient within an ecosystem should produce a measurable ecosystem‐scale response.

Here, we combined field‐derived estimates of trematode parasite infections in aquatic snails with measurements of snail excretion and tissue stoichiometry to show that parasites are capable of altering nutrient excretion in their intermediate host snails (dominant grazers). We integrated laboratory measurements of host nitrogen excretion with field‐based estimates of infection in an ecosystem model and compared these fluxes to other pools and fluxes of nitrogen as measured in the field. Eighteen nitrogen‐limited ponds were examined to determine whether infection had a measurable effect on ecosystem‐scale nitrogen cycling.

Because of their low nitrogen content and high demand for host carbon, parasites accelerated the rate at which infected hosts excreted nitrogen to the water column in a dose–response manner, thereby shifting nutrient stoichiometry and availability at the ecosystem scale. Infection‐enhanced fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen were similar to other commonly important environmental sources of bioavailable nitrogen to the system. Additional field measurements within nitrogen‐limited ponds indicated that nitrogen flux rates from the periphyton to the water column in high‐snail density/high‐infection ponds were up to 50% higher than low‐infection ponds.

By altering host nutrient assimilation/excretion flexibility, parasites could play a widespread, but currently unrecognized, role in ecosystem nutrient cycling, especially when parasite and host abundances are high and hosts play a central role in ecosystem nutrient cycling.
Detection of human pathogenicFusariumspecies in hospital and communal sink biofilms by using a highly specific monoclonal antibody
Authors: Al‐Maqtoofi Marwan , Thornton Christopher R. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe fungusFusariumis well known as a plant pathogen, but has recently emerged as an opportunistic pathogen of humans. Habitats providing direct human exposure to infectious propagules are largely unknown, but there is growing evidence that plumbing systems are sources of human pathogenic strains in theFusarium solanispecies complex (FSSC) andFusarium oxysporumspecies complex (FOSC), the most common groups infecting humans. Here, a newly developed Fusarium‐specific monoclonal antibody (mAb ED7) was used to track FSSC and FOSC strains in sink drain biofilms by detecting its target antigen, an extracellular 200 kDa carbohydrate, in saline swabs. The antigen was detectable in 52% of swab samples collected from sinks across a University campus and a tertiary care hospital. The mAb was 100% accurate in detecting FSSC, FOSC, andF. dimerumspecies complex (FDSC) strains that were present, as mixed fungal communities, in 83% of sink drain biofilms. Specificity of the ELISA was confirmed by sequencing of the internally transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)‐5.8S‐ITS2 rRNA‐encoding regions of culturable yeasts and molds that were recovered using mycological culture, while translation elongation factor (TEF)‐1αanalysis ofFusariumisolates included FSSC 1‐a, FOSC 33, and FDSC ET‐gr, the most common clinical pathotypes in each group.
Diffusible signal factor family signals provide a fitness advantage to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in interspecies competition
Authors: Deng Yinyue , Wu Jien , Yin Wenfang , Li Peng , Zhou Jianuan , Chen Shaohua , He Fei , Cai Jun , Zhang Lian‐Hui 
Published: February 2016

SummaryDiffusible signal factor (DSF) represents a new class of widely conserved quorum sensing signals, which regulates various biological functions through intra‐ or interspecies signaling. The previous studies identified that there is an antagonistic interaction between Xanthomonas and Bacillus species bacteria in natural ecosystem, but the detailed molecular mechanism of interspecies competition is not clear. This study showed that Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) interfered with morphological transition and sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis in mixed cultures, whereas abrogation of the DSF synthase RpfF reduced the interference. DSF inhibited B. thuringiensis cell division and sporulation through modulation of ftsZ, which encodes an important cell division protein in bacterial cells. In addition, RpfF is essential for production of six DSF‐family signals in Xcc, which employ the same signaling pathways to regulate biological functions in Xcc and play similar effects on reduction of cell division, sporulation and antibiotic resistance of B. thuringiensis. Furthermore, abrogation of RpfF decreased the competitive capability of Xcc against B. thuringiensis on the surface of Chinese cabbage leaves. Our findings provide new insights into the role of DSF‐family signals in interspecies competition and depict molecular mechanisms with which Xcc competes with B. thuringiensis.
Phenotype and toxicity of the recently discovered exlA‐positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains collected worldwide
Authors: Reboud Emeline , Elsen Sylvie , Bouillot Stéphanie , Golovkine Guillaume , Basso Pauline , Jeannot Katy , Attrée Ina , Huber Philippe 
Published: February 2016

SummaryWe recently identified a hypervirulent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, differing significantly from the classical strains in that it lacks the type 3 secretion system (T3SS), a major determinant of P. aeruginosa virulence. This new strain secretes a novel toxin, called ExlA, which induces plasma membrane rupture in host cells. For this study, we collected 18 other exlA‐positive T3SS‐negative strains, analyzed their main virulence factors and tested their toxicity in various models. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two groups. The strains were isolated on five continents from patients with various pathologies or in the environment. Their proteolytic activity and their motion abilities were highly different, as well as their capacity to infect epithelial, endothelial, fibroblastic and immune cells, which correlated directly with ExlA secretion levels. In contrast, their toxicity towards human erythrocytes was limited. Some strains were hypervirulent in a mouse pneumonia model and others on chicory leaves. We conclude that (i) exlA‐positive strains can colonize different habitats and may induce various infection types, (ii) the strains secreting significant amounts of ExlA are cytotoxic for most cell types but are poorly hemolytic, (iii) toxicity in planta does not correlate with ExlA secretion.
Whose Responsibility? The Role of Bouncers in Policing the Public Spaces of Nightlife Districts
Authors: Liempt Van , Aalst Van 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article, based on interviews with bouncers and on ethnographic observations in two nightlife districts in the centre of two Dutch cities, Utrecht and Rotterdam, shows that public–private collaboration reveals ways of controlling public space that differ from traditional ways of policing. It demonstrates that plural policing does not automatically imply greater responsibility of private actors towards public (nightlife) spaces. A history of mistrust of private security, bouncers' increasingly ambiguous working conditions and the high levels of surveillance bouncers are subject to result in bouncers rather focusing on protecting the nightclub for which they are responsible and guaranteeing their own safety within the surveillance network, than on venturing out into public spaces to ‘protect and assure visitors' safety', as is assumed in Safe Nightlife Policies.
Mechanisms of Lethal Cerebrovascular Accidents in Turner Syndrome
Authors: Byard Roger W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA case of intracerebral hemorrhage in Turner syndrome is reported with an analysis of possible causes of cerebrovascular accidents in this condition. A 42‐year‐old woman with known Turner syndrome died soon after hospital admission having been found unconscious at her home address. At autopsy, she showed typical features of Turner syndrome with short stature, webbing of the neck, underdeveloped breasts, and an increased carrying angle of the arm. Death was due to a large left‐sided intracerebral hemorrhage extending from the left basal ganglia into the white matter of the frontal lobe and lateral ventricle. Cases of unexpected death in Turner syndrome may arise from occult cerebrovascular accidents which may be hemorrhagic or nonhemorrhagic. Associated features include hypertension, vascular malformations, accelerated atherogenesis, cystic medial necrosis, and moyamoya syndrome. The possibility of Turner syndrome should be considered in cases where there has been a lethal cerebrovascular event in a younger woman.
Applying the technique of image classification to climate science: the case of Andalusia (Spain)
Authors: Gómez‐Zotano José , Alcántara‐Manzanares Jorge , Martínez‐Ibarra Emilio , Olmedo‐Cobo José Antonio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper proposes an empirical climate classification method based on the application of multivariate statistics. In this method, the technique of supervised and unsupervised image classification is used to classify the data and define climatic units.envisoftware is used to perform the image classification, specifically, the Iterative Self‐Organizing Data Analysis Technique algorithm. Supervised classification is also applied based on reference variables, fundamental parameters and a classifier. The obtained results display greater objectivity, reliability, operability, accessibility and reproducibility than previous climate classifications devised for the region of Andalusia (Spain), taking into account that these previous classifications were not based on quantitative criteria.
Effect of Pleurotus eryngii Mushroom β‐Glucan on Quality Characteristics of Common Wheat Pasta
Authors: Kim SunHee , Lee Jo‐Won , Heo Yena , Moon BoKyung 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of β‐glucan‐rich fractions (BGRFs) from Pleurotus eryngii mushroom powder on the quality, textural properties, and sensory evaluation of common wheat pasta. Pasta was prepared from semolina flour and common wheat flour by replacing common wheat flour at 2%, 4%, and 6% with BGRFs. Semolina flour showed significantly higher viscosities than common wheat flour samples. However, all viscosities, except the breakdown viscosity, were reduced with increasing percentages of BGRFs. Replacement of the common wheat flour with BGRFs resulted in a reddish brown colored pasta with a lower L* value and a higher a* value. The common wheat pastas containing up to 4% BGRFs were not significantly different from semolina pasta with regard to cooking loss. Addition of up to 2% BGRFs had no significant impact on swelling index and water absorption. The addition of BGRFs in common wheat flour had a positive effect on the quality of common wheat pasta and resulted in hardness values similar to those of semolina pasta. In a sensory evaluation, cooked pasta with 2% BGRFs had the highest overall acceptability score. In summary, the results showed that common wheat flour containing 4% BGRFs could be used to produce pasta with an improved quality and texture properties similar to semolina pasta.
Association between clinical and sonographic synovitis in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Abbasi Bita , Pezeshki‐Rad Masoud , Akhavan Reza , Sahebari Maryam 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAim and ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between ultrasonographic findings of inflammation (effusion, synovitis) and clinical findings in patients with primary painful knee osteoarthritis.MethodThis cross‐sectional study was performed on 142 patients with primary painful knee osteoarthritis (American College of Rheumatology criteria) in whom the visual analogue scale of pain was 30 or more. Clinical parameters were evaluated by a rheumatologist using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score while the ultrasonographic examination was performed by a musculoskeletal radiologist in our center. Knee joint synovitis and effusion were defined as synovial thickness ≥ 4 mm and depth of fluid in the suprapatellar recess ≥ 4 mm, respectively.ResultsSixty‐eight (47.9%) patients demonstrated neither synovitis nor effusion, 37 (26.1%) had only effusion, 11 (7.7%) had only synovitis and 26 (18.3%) had both effusion and synovitis in the ultrasonographic examination. There was significant association between ultrasonographic knee arthritis (defined as presence of synovitis or effusion) and WOMAC pain sub‐score, WOMAC physical function sub‐score and WOMAC total score. No significant association was noted between sonographic signs of arthritis and WOMAC joint stiffness sub‐score. We also found significant correlation between ultrasonographic synovitis and WOMAC pain sub‐score (P < 0.001), WOMAC physical function sub‐score (P < 0.001) and total WOMAC score (P < 0.001).ConclusionThis study revealed a positive correlation between ultrasonographic synovitis and total WOMAC score, WOMAC pain and physical function sub‐score. There was no association between sonographic signs of arthritis and WOMAC joint stiffness sub‐score.
Inequality and the Tails: the Palma Proposition and Ratio
Authors: Cobham Alex , Schlögl Lukas , Sumner Andy 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Palma Proposition is that changes in income or consumption inequality are (almost) exclusively due to changes in the share of the richest 10 per cent and poorest 40 per cent because the ‘middle’ group between the richest and poorest tend to capture approximately 50 per cent of gross national income (GNI). The Palma Ratio is a measure of income or consumption concentration based on the above‐mentioned proposition and calculated as the GNI capture of the richest 10 per cent divided by that of the poorest 40 per cent. In this paper we revisit the empirical basis of the Palma Proposition (the relative stability of the ‘middle’) with a new and expanded data set across and within developing and developed countries. We find the data reaffirms the Palma Proposition and that the proposition is getting stronger over time.
Exploration of optimal time for initiating adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection: A retrospective study in Chinese patients with stage IIIA non‐small cell lung cancer in a single center
Authors: Zhu Yixiang , Zhai Xiaoyu , Chen Sipeng , Wang Ziping 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundAdjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) can reduce the risk of recurrence and improve survival after surgical resection in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We explore the optimal time from surgery to initiation of ACT in Chinese patients with stage IIIA NSCLC.MethodsPatients pathologically diagnosed with IIIA NSCLC who underwent radical surgery were included in this study. The cut‐off point of time to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy (TTAC) was determined by maximally selected log‐rank statistics. Patients were divided into two groups according to the TTAC cut‐off point. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to eliminate confounding variables, and Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to analyze the impact of TTAC on disease‐free survival (DFS).ResultsThe cut‐off time was 46 days from surgery to the first ACT. Prior to PSM, baseline characteristic variables were balanced with no statistical difference between the groups, except for pathologic subtype and smoking history. No difference in DFS was found between the two groups prior to PSM (P = 0.529); after PSM, the median DFS was consistent between the two (P = 0.822). N2 lymph node station involvement was an independent factor associated with poor survival compared with patients with N0 lymph node involvement. Moderate differentiation and postoperative radiotherapy could improve survival; however, TTAC was not significantly correlated with DFS. Subgroup analyses showed no significant correlation between DFS and different TTAC programs.ConclusionNo survival difference was obtained as to when ACT was initiated for patients with stage IIIA NSCLC.
Sesame genotype influences growth and phenology of Phelipanche aegyptiaca
Authors: Teimouri Jervekani M. , Karimmojeni H. , Brainard D.C. , Jafari M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEgyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) is a parasitic weed causing major yield loss in many field and vegetable crops. Recent observations in Iran suggest that sesame (Sesamum indicum) may serve either as a trap crop or as a host for broomrape, depending on genotype. The central objective of this research was to identify sesame genotypes that could act either as potential trap crops, or sources of genetic material for development of broomrape resistant cultivars. Seeds of 11 Iranian sesame genotypes (Ardestan, Esfarayen, Oltan, Ahvaz, Borazjan, Darab‐14, Ferdous, Kalat, Naz Tak Shakhe, Varamin and Yekta) and 10 foreign genotypes (S16, S21, S23, S25, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8 and S9) were planted with broomrape seeds in pots. At the flowering stage of sesame, tubercle number and dry weight, shoot number and dry weight and shoot height of broomrape were determined. Shoot dry weight, root dry weight and seed yield of sesame were determined at the physiological maturity. The results showed that broomrape growth varied with sesame genotype. Egyptian broomrape dry weight measured from 1.6% (S23) to 35.4% (Kalat) of the dry weight of the sesame on which it grew. Broomrape total dry weight had positive and highly correlation with the root dry weight of the sesame genotype on which it grew. When broomrape planted with the S7, S8, S9, S21 and S23 genotypes produced tubercles, but no shoots on these genotypes. Such genotypes could be used as both trap crops and as breeding‐sources for development of resistant sesame genotypes.
Relationship of Physician‐identified Patient Race and Ethnicity to Use of Computed Tomography in Pediatric Blunt Torso Trauma
Authors: Natale JoAnne E. , Joseph Jill G. , Rogers Alexander J. , Tunik Michael , Monroe David , Kerrey Benjamin , Bonsu Bema K. , Cook Lawrence J. , Page Kent , Adelgais Kathleen , Quayle Kimberly , Kuppermann Nathan , Holmes James F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to determine whether a child's race or ethnicity as determined by the treating physician is independently associated with receiving abdominal computed tomography (CT) after blunt torso trauma.MethodsWe performed a planned secondary analysis of a prospective observational cohort of children < 18 years old presenting within 24 hours of blunt torso trauma to 20 North American emergency departments (EDs) participating in a pediatric research network, 2007–2010. Treating physicians documented race/ethnicity as white non‐Hispanic, black non‐Hispanic, or Hispanic. Using a previously derived clinical prediction rule, we classified each child's risk for having an intra‐abdominal injury undergoing acute intervention to define injury severity. We performed multivariable analyses using generalized estimating equations to control for confounding and for clustering of children within hospitals.ResultsAmong 12,044 enrolled patients, treating physicians documented race/ethnicity as white non‐Hispanic (n = 5,847, 54.0%), black non‐Hispanic (n = 3,687, 34.1%), or Hispanic of any race (n = 1,291, 11.9%). Overall, 51.8% of white non‐Hispanic, 32.7% of black non‐Hispanic, and 44.2% of Hispanic children underwent abdominal CT imaging. After age, sex, abdominal ultrasound use, risk for intra‐abdominal injury undergoing acute intervention, and hospital clustering were adjusted for, the likelihood of receiving an abdominal CT was lower (odds ratio [OR] = 0.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.7 to 0.9) for black non‐Hispanic than for white non‐Hispanic children. For Hispanic children, the likelihood of receiving an abdominal CT did not differ from that observed in white non‐Hispanic children (OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.8 to 1.1).ConclusionsAfter blunt torso trauma, pediatric patients identified by the treating physicians as black non‐Hispanic were less likely to receive abdominal CT imaging than those identified as white non‐Hispanic. This suggests that nonclinical factors influence clinician decision‐making regarding use of abdominal CT in children. Further studies should focus on explaining how patient race can affect provider choices regarding ED radiographic imaging.
Phylogeography of a Patagonian lizard and frog: Congruent signature of southern glacial refuges
Authors: Vidal Marcela A. , Ibáñez Soledad , Moreno Patricio I. , Poulin Elie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPleistocene glaciations produced significant increases in continental ice cover in polar and mid‐latitude temperate areas, sea‐level declines and shifts and reshuffling of biomes, all of which promote either isolation, coalescence or fragmentation in the distribution of land biota. If populations of several taxa have been co‐distributed for a prolonged time, and if the periods between perturbation or vicariance processes have been more or less stable, it is expected that divergence patterns of closely related and ecologically similar species will be congruent because of their similar biological and demographic characteristics. Based on this premise, we analysed the phylogeographic structure (cytochrome b) ofLiolaemus pictusandBatrachyla leptopus, two widely co‐distributed lizard and frog species, respectively, in the Chiloé Archipelago of southern Chile, to decipher their genetic structure in response to a common climatic and environmental history. Haplotype network analysis and Bayesian inference suggest an evolutionary pattern of genetic diversity for the two species that is consistent with the Quaternary glacial history of southern Chile, and suggests a complex phylogeographic history in theLiolaemusandBatrachylaspecies. High‐divergence levels among haplotypes in some island populations of the archipelago also suggest genetic connectivity between putative refuges from Chiloé Island and the mainland along the exposed continental shelf during sea level minima associated with the most recent Quaternary glaciations. Our results are consistent with our hypothesis that two species have responded to parallel historical events in which the historical process during the last glacial maximum (approximately 41°S) has been sufficient to influence their phylogeographic structure.