bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Violence and Ghostly Justice in “The Lady's Maid's Bell” and “Kerfol”
Authors: Ohler Paul 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEdith Wharton's “The Lady's Maid's Bell” (1902, 1904) and “Kerfol” (1916) share a concern with sexual violence, isolation, and psychological abuse experienced by women. I argue that the stories depict irruptions of a spectral women's history into naturalized gender relations. I describe Wharton's mixing of Gothic, realist, and naturalist modes to depict a character type she found most interesting, one whose “fate is settled beyond rescue,” to support my contention that we should recognize the continuity of these stories with those aspects of her “major fictions, [which] taken together, constitute perhaps the most searching—and searing—feminist analysis of the construction of ‘femininity’ produced by any novelist in this [the twentieth] century.” Most assessments of the stories are not comparative. Thus, I draw here on the critical response to each story to advance the claim that by apposing them we find overlapping concerns with sexual violence, the historical contingency of gender, and the difficulties of achieving justice for women.
Forest Resource Management and Utilisation through a Gendered Lens in Namibia
Authors: Mogotsi Immaculate , Lendelvo Selma , Angula Margaret , Nakanyala Jesaya 
Published: November 2016

The shift in forestry policy towards resource management and access rights from state control to local community control has been a welcome step towards sustainable forest management in Namibia. The policy acknowledges the direct dependence on natural environmental resources by the proportional majority of the population that live in the rural areas of Namibia. This study was aimed at performing gender analysis by identifying relationships of various groups to natural resources. The study further assessed the influence these relationships have on control, access and use of forest resources, as well as on natural resource management and the implications thereof on various forest management efforts in the country. Data were collected from seven community forest institutions in Namibia and analysed using the Harvard Gender Analytical Framework. The findings show a gendered differentiated knowledge, control and access to forest resources and unequal participation in leadership and governance. Furthermore, the results suggest that unequal power relations among minority and vulnerable groups affect access to and control of forest resources. This study proposes participation of both men and women in the management, protection, access and utilisation of forest resources, as this will contribute to sustainable forest management and economic development of all members of society.
Images de l’islam. Représentations de l’islam et des musulmans dans les journaux télévisés flamands
Authors: Ichau Elke , d’Haenens Leen 
Published: November 2016

Cette étude s’intéresse à la manière dont les journaux télévisés flamands présentent l’islam et les musulmans au moyen d’une analyse de contenu quantitative et qualitative d’un échantillon de 100 sujets d’actualité diffusés par une chaîne publique et une chaîne commerciale en 2010. Nos résultats montrent que l’islam et les musulmans n’ont pas fait l’objet d’une grande attention médiatique en 2010. La majorité des sujets axés sur l’islam concernent des événements survenus à l’étranger, principalement en Europe et aux États-Unis. Les thèmes les plus récurrents sont le terrorisme et la religion. Les sujets consacrés spécifiquement à l’islam en tant que religion sont généralement assez complets, présentant une information de fond, différents points de vue et différentes sources. La plupart des sujets portent toutefois sur d’autres questions qui associent souvent, de manière plus ou moins explicite, l’islam et les musulmans à des thématiques négatives, telles que le terrorisme et la violence.
Argon gas flow through glass nanopipette
Authors: Takami Tomohide , Nishimoto Kiwamu , Goto Tadahiko , Ogawa Shuichi , Iwata Futoshi , Takakuwa Yuji 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We have observed the flow of argon gas through a glass nanopipette in vacuum. A glass nanopipette with an inner diameter of 100 nm and a shank length of 3 mm was set between vacuum chambers, and argon gas was introduced from the top of the nanopipette to the bottom. The exit pressure was monitored with an increase in entrance pressure in the range of 50–170 kPa. Knudsen flow was observed at an entrance pressure lower than 100 kPa, and Poiseuille flow was observed at an entrance pressure higher than 120 kPa. The proposed pressure-dependent gas flow method provides a means of evaluating the glass nanopipette before using it for various applications including nanodeposition to surfaces and femtoinjection to living cells.
Constraining the relative importance of raindrop‐ and flow‐driven sediment transport mechanisms in postwildfire environments and implications for recovery time scales
Authors: McGuire Luke A. , Kean Jason W. , Staley Dennis M. , Rengers Francis K. , Wasklewicz Thad A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMountain watersheds recently burned by wildfire often experience greater amounts of runoff and increased rates of sediment transport relative to similar unburned areas. Given the sedimentation and debris flow threats caused by increases in erosion, more work is needed to better understand the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed increase in sediment transport in burned environments and the time scale over which a heightened geomorphic response can be expected. In this study, we quantified the relative importance of different hillslope erosion mechanisms during two postwildfire rainstorms at a drainage basin in Southern California by combining terrestrial laser scanner‐derived maps of topographic change, field measurements, and numerical modeling of overland flow and sediment transport. Numerous debris flows were initiated by runoff at our study area during a long‐duration storm of relatively modest intensity. Despite the presence of a well‐developed rill network, numerical model results suggest that the majority of eroded hillslope sediment during this long‐duration rainstorm was transported by raindrop‐induced sediment transport processes, highlighting the importance of raindrop‐driven processes in supplying channels with potential debris flow material. We also used the numerical model to explore relationships between postwildfire storm characteristics, vegetation cover, soil infiltration capacity, and the total volume of eroded sediment from a synthetic hillslope for different end‐member erosion regimes. This study adds to our understanding of sediment transport in steep, postwildfire landscapes and shows how data from field monitoring can be combined with numerical modeling of sediment transport to isolate the processes leading to increased erosion in burned areas.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Detected Myocardial Inflammation and Fibrosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Associations With Disease Characteristics and N‐Terminal Pro–Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels
Authors: Kobayashi Hitomi , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Yokoe Isamu , Akashi Yosikatsu , Takei Masami , Giles Jon T. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveMyocardial dysfunction and heart failure (HF) are increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet there are few studies of the myocardium in RA.MethodsRA patients with no known heart disease or risk factors underwent gadolinium‐enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Images were assessed for left‐ventricular (LV) structural and functional parameters and for myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE; an indicator of myocardial fibrosis) and T2‐weighted imaging (an indicator of active inflammation). We modeled the associations between RA characteristics and N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic protein (NT‐proBNP) levels with LGE and T2‐weighted imaging. We also assessed whether LGE and/or T2‐weighted imaging were associated with abnormal LV structure or dysfunction.ResultsA total of 60 RA patients were studied. LGE was present in 19 (32%) and T2‐weighted imaging in 7 (12%), 5 of whom also had LGE. After adjustment for relevant confounders, higher odds of LGE with each swollen joint (odds ratio [OR] 1.87, P = 0.008), each log unit higher C‐reactive protein level (OR 3.36, P = 0.047), and each log unit higher NT‐proBNP (OR 20.61, P = 0.009) were found. NT‐proBNP was also significantly higher (135%) among those with T2‐weighted imaging than in those without T2‐weighted imaging or LGE. Higher LV mass index and LV mass:end diastolic volume ratio were observed in those with T2‐weighted imaging than in those with no myocardial abnormalities and in those with LGE without T2‐weighted imaging; however, ejection fraction was not reduced in those with either LGE or T2‐weighted imaging.ConclusionThese data suggest that cardiac MRI findings indicating myocardial inflammation/fibrosis are correlated with RA disease activity and alterations in myocardial structure known to precede clinical HF.
Illness Perceptions and Mortality in Patients With Gout: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Serlachius Anna , Gamble Greg , House Meaghan , Vincent Zoe L. , Knight Julie , Horne Anne , Taylor William J. , Petrie Keith J. , Dalbeth Nicola 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo examine whether illness perceptions independently predict mortality in early‐onset gout.MethodsBetween December 2006 and January 2014, a total of 295 participants with early‐onset gout (<10 years) were recruited in Auckland and Wellington, New Zealand. The participants were followed up until February 2015, and mortality information was collected. Participants with complete data were included in the current study (n = 242). Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between illness perceptions and mortality risk, after adjustment for covariates associated with disease severity and mortality in gout.ResultsIn a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for predictors of disease severity and mortality in gout (number of tophi, serum urate level, and frequency of flares), consequence beliefs, identity beliefs, concern beliefs, and emotional response to gout were associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratios [HRs] 1.29, 1.15, 1.18, and 1.19, respectively; P < 0.05 for all). In the fully saturated model, the association between consequence beliefs and mortality remained robust after additional adjustment for ethnicity, disease duration, diuretic use, serum creatinine, and pain score (HR 1.18 [95% confidence interval 1.02–1.37]; P = 0.029).ConclusionNegative beliefs about the impact of gout and severity of symptoms, as well as concerns about gout and the emotional response to gout, were independently associated with all‐cause mortality. Illness perceptions are important and potentially modifiable risk factors to target in future interventions.
A Catalyst‐Directed Remote Stereogenic Center Switch During the Site‐Selective Aldol Desymmetrization of Cyclohexanone‐Based Diketones
Authors: Nugent Thomas C. , Spiteller Peter , Hussain Ishtiaq , Hussein Hussein Ali El Damrany , Najafian Foad Tehrani 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSite‐selectivity, differentiating members of the same functional group type on one substrate, is an emerging tactic for shortened advanced building block and biomolecule synthesis. Despite its potential, site‐selectivity remains less studied and especially so for ketone‐based substrates. During this work ketone site‐selectivity has been coupled with the chiral amine‐catalyzed aldol desymmetrization of 4‐keto‐substituted cyclohexanones, allowing three stereogenic centers to form in the aldol product while leaving the acyclic ketone unreacted. Unique here, compared to all previous 4‐substituted cyclohexanone desymmetrizations, is the first access to synthetically useful quantities of an epimeric (remote stereogenic center) aldol product. To demonstrate the value of these aldol products, we show their elaboration into eight keto‐acetonide and one keto‐lactone products. All compounds were isolated as single diastereomers and in high ee (≥96%). These efforts represent the first full characterization of aldol products with type III, Figure 2, relative stereochemistry, regardless of the enantiomer formed.magnified image
The Effects of Assisted Housing on Child Well‐Being
Authors: Newman Sandra , Holupka C. Scott 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe most rigorous research on the causal effects of assisted housing on children's outcomes finds no such effects. The present study uses rich longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, augmented with Census, American Community Survey and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development administrative data, to unpack these nil effects. Analyses include 194 children ( age = 6.2 years) living in assisted housing in 1995 or later who were 13–17 years old in 2002 or 2007, and an unassisted comparison group of 215 children who were income‐eligible for, but never received, housing assistance. Results suggested no mean effects of living in assisted housing during childhood on adolescent cognitive, behavior, and health outcomes, addressing selection through propensity score matching and instrumental variables. However, quantile regressions suggest assisted housing provides an added boost for children with the best cognitive performance and fewest behavior problems but has opposite effects on children with the lowest cognitive scores and most behavior problems. Further tests indicate that these differences are not explained either by neighborhood effects or housing quality. A potentially fruitful avenue for future research investigates differences in how parents take advantage of the housing affordability provided by assisted housing to benefit their children.
Successful non‐operative management of traumatic extrahepatic portal venous injury without intraperitoneal hemorrhage: a case report
Authors: Hamanaka Kunio , Hirokawa Yuusuke , Itoh Tsuyoshi , Fujino Mitsuhiro , Kano Kenichi , Beppu Satoru , Sasahashi Nozomu , Nishiyama Kei 
Published: November 2016

CaseA 52‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital with hypotension after falling from the fifth floor of an apartment building. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed liver injury with extravasation of contrast material from the hepatic artery, and extrahepatic portal venous injury with extravasation and pseudoaneurysm. Intra‐abdominal hemorrhage was not observed, and bleeding was confined to the retroperitoneal space. Hepatic arteriography showed extravasation, while portal venography showed pseudoaneurysm but no extravasation. After transarterial embolization, the patient's vital signs improved. Non‐operative management was selected for the portal venous injury.OutcomeComputed tomography on the 58th hospital day revealed disappearance of the portal venous pseudoaneurysm. The patient was discharged on the 90th hospital day without any complications.ConclusionThis case shows that non‐operative management can be selected for portal venous injury when there is no retroperitoneal injury and bleeding is confined to the retroperitoneal space.
A Self‐Binding, Melt‐Castable, Crystalline Organic Electrolyte for Sodium Ion Conduction
Authors: Chinnam Parameswara Rao , Fall Birane , Dikin Dmitriy A. , Jalil AbdelAziz , Hamilton Clifton R. , Wunder Stephanie L. , Zdilla Michael J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe preparation and characterization of the cocrystalline solid–organic sodium ion electrolyte NaClO4(DMF)3 (DMF=dimethylformamide) is described. The crystal structure of NaClO4(DMF)3 reveals parallel channels of Na+ and ClO4− ions. Pressed pellets of microcrystalline NaClO4(DMF)3 exhibit a conductivity of 3×10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature with a low activation barrier to conduction of 25 kJ mol−1. SEM revealed thin liquid interfacial contacts between crystalline grains, which promote conductivity. The material melts gradually between 55–65 °C, but does not decompose, and upon cooling, it resolidifies as solid NaClO4(DMF)3, permitting melt casting of the electrolyte into thin films and the fabrication of cells in the liquid state and ensuring penetration of the electrolyte between the electrode active particles.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Indolyl Methanamines Using Unprotected Indoles and N‐Boc Imines under Basic Conditions
Authors: Arai Takayoshi , Kakino Junki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA chiral imidazolidine‐containing NCN/Pd‐OTf catalyst (C4) promoted the nucleophilic addition of unprotected indoles to N‐Boc imines. Using sulfinyl amines as the N‐Boc imine precursors, the combined use of C4 with K2CO3 activated the NH indoles to give chiral 3‐indolyl methanamines with up to 98 % ee. Compared with conventional acid‐catalyzed Friedel–Crafts reactions, this reaction proceeds under mildly basic conditions and is advantageous for the use of acid‐sensitive substrates.
Cytocompatible Polymer Grafting from Individual Living Cells by Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Kim Ji Yup , Lee Bong Soo , Choi Jinsu , Kim Beom Jin , Choi Ji Yu , Kang Sung Min , Yang Sung Ho , Choi Insung S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA cytocompatible method of surface‐initiated, activator regenerated by electron transfer, atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ARGET ATRP) is developed for engineering cell surfaces with synthetic polymers. Dopamine‐based ATRP initiators are used for both introducing the ATRP initiator onto chemically complex cell surfaces uniformly (by the material‐independent coating property of polydopamine) and protecting the cells from radical attack during polymerization (by the radical‐scavenging property of polydopamine). Synthetic polymers are grafted onto the surface of individual yeast cells without significant loss of cell viability, and the uniform and dense grafting is confirmed by various characterization methods including agglutination assay and cell‐division studies. This work will provide a strategic approach to the generation of living cell–polymer hybrid structures and open the door to their application in multitude of areas, such as sensor technology, catalysis, theranostics, and cell therapy.
Terpencyclasen aus sozialen Amöben
Authors: Rabe Patrick , Rinkel Jan , Nubbemeyer Britta , Köllner Tobias G. , Chen Feng , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGenomsequenzierung von sozialen Amöben zeigte die Präsenz von Terpencyclasen (TCs) in diesen Organismen. Zwei TCs aus Dictyostelium discoideum konvertierten Farnesyldiphosphat in (2S,3R,6S,9S)‐(−)‐Protoillud‐7‐en und (3S)‐(+)‐Asterisca‐2(9),6‐dien. Die Enzymmechanismen und EI‐MS‐Fragmentierungen der Produkte wurden durch Markierungsexperimente studiert.
Peculiar All‐Metal σ‐Aromaticity of the [Au2Sb16]4− Anion in the Solid State
Authors: Popov Ivan A. , Pan Fu‐Xing , You Xue‐Rui , Li Lei‐Jiao , Matito Eduard , Liu Chao , Zhai Hua‐Jin , Sun Zhong‐Ming , Boldyrev Alexander I. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGas‐phase clusters are deemed to be σ‐aromatic when they satisfy the 4n+2 rule of aromaticity for delocalized σ electrons and fulfill other requirements known for aromatic systems. While the range of n values was shown to be quite broad when applied to short‐lived clusters found in molecular‐beam experiments, stability of all‐metal cluster‐like fragments isolated in condensed phase was previously shown to be mainly ascribed to two electrons (n=0). In this work, the applicability of this concept is extended towards solid‐state compounds by demonstrating a unique example of a storable compound, which was isolated as a stable [K([2.2.2]crypt)]+ salt, featuring a [Au2Sb16]4− cluster core possessing two all‐metal aromatic AuSb4 fragments with six delocalized σ electrons each (n=1). This discovery pushes the boundaries of the original idea of Kekulé and firmly establishes the usefulness of the σ‐aromaticity concept as a general idea for both small clusters and solid‐state compounds.
Pentafluoroethylsilicic Acids
Authors: Schwarze Nico , Steinhauer Simon , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Hoge Berthold 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPure anhydrous hexafluorosilicic acid (H2[SiF6]) is a still elusive species, although its existence in aqueous solutions is well documented. Desiccation inevitably leads to decomposition to form tetrafluorosilane and hydrogen fluoride. An oxonium hexafluorosilicate turned out to not be stable at room temperature. Partial substitution of the fluorine atoms with strong electron‐withdrawing perfluoroalkyl groups results in substantial stabilization of the corresponding fluorosilicic acids. Mono‐ and bis(pentafluoroethyl)‐substituted fluorosilicic acids were prepared through conversion of the respective halosilanes (Si(C2F5)nX4−n, with X=Cl, Br) with aqueous HF, and were obtained as colorless solids. They can be stored at room temperature for several months without decomposition, and thus are the first examples of stable fluorosilicic acids.
Safer Pyrotechnic Obscurants Based on Phosphorus(V) Nitride
Authors: Koch Ernst‐Christian , Cudziło Stanisław 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe potential of phosphorus(V) nitride, P3N5 , as a replacement for red phosphorus, PR, in pyrotechnic obscurants has been theoretically and experimentally investigated. P3N5 can be safely mixed with KNO3 and even KClO3 and KClO4 . The corresponding formulations are surprisingly insensitive to friction and only mildly impact‐sensitive. P3N5 /KNO3 pyrolants with ξ=20–80 wt % P3N5 burn 200 times faster than the corresponding mixtures based on PR and generate a dense smoke. Hence obscurants based on P3N5 /KNO3 have a figure of merit that by far exceeds that of current state‐of‐the‐art PR‐based obscurants. Furthermore, unlike PR, which slowly degrades in moist air to phosphoric acids and phosphine (PH3), P3N5 is stable under these conditions and does not produce any acids or PH3 . P3N5 is hence a safe, stable, and powerful replacement for PR for use in insensitive munitions.
Mechanical properties and drug release of microcapsules containing quaternized‐chitosan‐modified reduced graphene oxide in the capsular wall
Authors: Xue Wuzi , Chen Yanjun , Chen Hao , Xia Yuanling 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTReduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets were first modified with 2‐hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC), and these modified rGO sheets (named HACC–rGO) were used as reinforcement materials and introduced to the walls of chitosan (CS) microcapsules. All of the monodisperse microcapsules were conveniently generated by a gas–liquid microfluidic technique. The results of scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis all demonstrate that the HACC–rGO sheets existed and were dispersed in the capsular shell. The HACC–rGO‐reinforced CS microcapsules showed better mechanical strength and better chemical stability with an α‐cyclodextrin solution than the CS microcapsules without HACC–rGO. Importantly, the HACC–rGO‐reinforced CS microcapsules exhibited a slower drug‐release behavior and provide a method for the control of the release rate of drug‐loaded microcapsules. In an in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation by a 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide assay, the Schwann cells still showed good cell viability after they were treated by extracts of the CS/HACC–rGO microcapsules with concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 2000 μg/mL. Therefore, the HACC–rGO‐reinforced CS microcapsules are promising for applications in the fields of drug delivery and controlled release. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44549.