bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of yoga interventions practised in heated and thermoneutral conditions on endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation: The Bikram yoga heart study
Authors: Hunter Stacy D. , Laosiripisan Jitanan , Elmenshawy Ahmed , Tanaka Hirofumi 
Published: January 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does the heated practice environment enhance the effects of Bikram yoga on endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation in healthy, middle‐aged adults?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The primary finding from this investigation is that the hatha yoga postures in the Bikram yoga series produce similar enhancements in endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation in healthy, middle‐aged adults regardless of environmental temperature. These findings highlight the efficacy of yoga postures in producing improvements in vascular health and downplay the necessity of the heated practice environment in inducing vascular adaptations.

AbstractWe have previously documented improvements in endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation with a Bikram (hot) yoga intervention in middle‐aged adults. At present, the effect of environmental temperature in hot yoga on endothelial function is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of Bikram yoga interventions performed in heated or thermoneutral conditions on endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation. Fifty‐two sedentary but apparently healthy adults aged 40–60 years were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Bikram yoga practised at 40.5°C (n = 19), Bikram yoga practised at 23°C (n = 14) or sedentary time control (n = 19). The yoga interventions consisted of 90 min Bikram yoga classes three times a week for 12 weeks. Endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation was measured non‐invasively using brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD). Body fat percentage determined via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry was significantly lower in the hot yoga group after the intervention than in the thermoneutral yoga and control conditions. Brachial artery FMD increased (P < 0.05) in the thermoneutral yoga group and tended to increase in the hot yoga group (P = 0.056). No changes occurred in the control group. There were no significant differences in FMD change scores between groups. We conclude that Bikram yoga practised in thermoneutral conditions improved endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation in healthy, middle‐aged adults. These new findings highlight the effectiveness of hatha yoga postures alone, in the absence of a heated practice environment, in improving vascular health and are of clinical significance given the increased propensity for heat intolerance in ageing adults.
Aortic dysfunction in metabolic syndrome mediated by perivascular adipose tissue TNFα‐ and NOX2‐dependent pathway
Authors: DeVallance Evan , Branyan Kayla W. , Lemaster Kent , Olfert I. Mark , Smith David M. , Pistilli Emidio E. , Frisbee Jefferson C. , Chantler Paul D. 
Published: January 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) has been shown to impair vascular function, but the impact of thoracic aorta perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT)‐derived TNFα on tPVAT and aortic function in metabolic syndrome is unknown.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Release of TNFα by tPVAT causes production of reactive oxygen species in tPVAT through activation of an NADPH‐oxidase 2 (NOX2)‐dependent pathway, activates production of aortic reactive oxygen species and mediates aortic stiffness, potentially through matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity. Neutralization of TNFα and/or inhibition of NOX2 blocks the tPVAT‐induced impairment of aortic function. These data partly implicate tPVAT NOX2 and TNFα in mediating the vascular pathology of metabolic syndrome.

AbstractPerivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is recognized for its vasoactive effects, but it is unclear how metabolic syndrome impacts thoracic aorta (t)PVAT and the subsequent effect on functional and structural aortic stiffness. Thoracic aorta and tPVAT were removed from 16‐ to 17‐week‐old lean (LZR, n = 16) and obese Zucker rats (OZR, n = 16). The OZR presented with aortic endothelial dysfunction, assessed by wire myography, and increased aortic stiffness, assessed by elastic modulus. The OZR tPVAT exudate further exacerbated the endothelial dysfunction, reducing nitric oxide and endothelium‐dependent relaxation (P < 0.05). Additionally, OZR tPVAT exudate had increased MMP9 activity (P < 0.05) and further increased the elastic modulus of the aorta after 72 h of co‐culture (P < 0.05). We found that the observed aortic dysfunction caused by OZR tPVAT was mediated through increased production and release of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNFα; P < 0.01), which was dependent on tPVAT NADPH‐oxidase 2 (NOX2) activity. The OZR tPVAT release of reactive oxygen species and subsequent aortic dysfunction were inhibited by TNFα neutralization and/or inhibition of NOX2. Additionally, we found that OZR tPVAT had reduced activity of the active sites of the 20S proteasome (P < 0.05) and reduced superoxide dismutase activity (P < 0.01). In conclusion, metabolic syndrome causes tPVAT dysfunction through an interplay between TNFα and NOX2 that leads to tPVAT‐mediated aortic stiffness by activation of aortic reactive oxygen species and increased MMP9 activity.
Antimicrobial Resistance in
Stenotrophomonas
spp
Authors: Wang Yang , He Tao , Shen Zhangqi , Wu Congming 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Bacteria of the genus
Stenotrophomonas
are found throughout the environment, in close association with soil, sewage, and plants.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
, the first member of this genus, is the predominant species, observed in soil, water, plants, animals, and humans. It is also an opportunistic pathogen associated with the increased number of infections in both humans and animals in recent years. In this article, we summarize all
Stenotrophomonas
species (mainly
S. maltophilia
) isolated from animals and food products of animal origin and further distinguish all isolates based on antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance phenotypes. The various mechanisms of both intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance, which were mainly identified in
S. maltophilia
isolates of nosocomial infections, have been classified as follows: multidrug efflux pumps; resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and phenicols; and alteration of lipopolysaccharide and two-component regulatory systems. The dissemination, coselection, and persistence of resistance determinants among
S. maltophilia
isolates have also been elaborated.
Toward Forensic Uses of Microbial Source Tracking
Authors: Teaf Christopher M. , Flores David , Garber Michele , Harwood Valerie J. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe science of microbial source tracking has allowed researchers and watershed managers to go beyond general indicators of fecal pollution in water such as coliforms and enterococci, and to move toward an understanding of specific contributors to water quality issues. The premise of microbial source tracking is that characteristics of microorganisms that are strongly associated with particular host species can be used to trace fecal pollution to particular animal species (including humans) or groups, e.g., ruminants or birds. Microbial source tracking methods are practiced largely in the realm of research, and none are approved for regulatory uses on a federal level. Their application in the conventional sense of forensics, i.e., to investigate a crime, has been limited, but as some of these methods become standardized and recognized in a regulatory context, they will doubtless play a larger role in applications such as total maximum daily load assessment, investigations of sewage spills, and contamination from agricultural practices.
P20 Stability study of a mixed system of sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbutyrate in intravenous (iv) infusion fluids
Authors: William Batten , Hannah Batechelor , Daniela Monti 
Published: January 2018

AimA combination of sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbutyrate is used as intravenous therapy in hyperammonaemia at concentrations up to 50 mg/mL. Currently, concentrated solutions of each component are available. The preparation relies on the accurate measurement of each component in a syringe or bag which then mixes via a Y-site, immediately prior to administration. A ready mixed product would potentially confer improvements in safety and convenience. An improvement would be the availability of a pre-mixed product, which requires less manipulation prior to administration. The aim of this work was to evaluate the chemical stability of a mixed system of sodiumbenzoate and sodium phenylbutyrate in glucose 10%, with relevant packaging conditions both at room temperature and at accelerated- degradations temperatures, with exposure to ultra violet (UV) light. Successful demonstration of compatibility across a range of conditions may provide impetus for the manufacture of pre-mixed intravenous therapy. This would improve efficiency of intravenous drug preparation and administration with the associated patient safety benefits of more accurate drug concentrations.MethodThe chemical stability of sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbutyrate was monitored by measuring concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography. The stability of the mixed system was evaluated at a range of concentrations(20 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL) of both components in solutions of 10% w/v glucose in deionised water stored at three temperatures; refrigerated (4°C–8°C), at room temperature (20°C–25°C), and at 37°C. Glass and plastic were compared as packaging materials both with and without exposure to UV light. All mixed solutions were stored for up to 12 weeks.ResultsDrug content remained above 98% for all mixed systems at all conditions for 12 weeks.ConclusionCombination mixed systems of sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbutyrate were found to be stable for up to 12 weeks when stored in glass or plastic containers, exposure to high temperatures and UV light did not significantly affect the concentration of the drug present. This stability data will allow institutions to prepare pre-mixed solutions in advance for sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbutyrate in 10% glucose.It has patient safety benefits as it provides support of current clinical practice of the IV drug compatibility of sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbutyrate. It also provides quantitative reassurance in larger patients where current practice is to add the two drugs to a single bag for infusion. Moreover, it may also pave the way for commercial manufactured solutions of sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbutyrate to be produced. In practice, l-arginine is given via a Y-site alongside the two components,and work is currently underway repeating the study with all three components to assess compatibility.
P2 Interventions to improve safety of parenteral nutrition use on a paediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Harrington Aoife , Makhecha Sukeshi , Bentley Sian , Kollman Anja , Osborne Sarah , Zizkova Eva 
Published: January 2018

AimParenteral nutrition is a high risk treatment, and under- or over-infusion can have serious consequences for patients. Following several errors where parenteral nutrition (PN) was administered at incorrect rates, including incidents of vamin and lipid rates being switched, we aimed to reduce errors causing harm related to PN prescribing and administration.MethodThe local incident reporting system was used to identify errors and trends involving PN. The most common errors involved incorrect rates being either prescribed or administered. A series of interventions were developed between March 2014 and December 2015 aimed at reducing errors.Unit staff were surveyed and PN bag changeover was moved from day to night shifts.The nursing PN administration guideline was updated and relaunched to reinforce the correct procedure.Usual practice on the unit is for nurses to titrate PN to maximum rates according to fluid allowance. Prescription rates were audited, multidisciplinary team (MDT) staff surveyed and daily prescribing of administration rate ranges was implemented with MDT support.PN education sessions were targeted at all staff via a short ‘bootcamp’ format repeated over three weeks and a session at weekly medical teaching. The sessions covered general information, risks and examples of both common and serious errors.ResultsPlanned changes were accepted and supported by the unit staff. The initial prescription audit found 100% of patients had inaccurate rates prescribed and 43% of patients had rates running above those prescribed. Re-audit of prescriptions following the change showed that the correct rate ranges were being updated daily and PN was administered at or below maximum rates. Through the bootcamp sessions we identified some areas of confusion and variations in practice; the administration guideline was further updated as a result. Error monitoring showed an initial increase in reported errors for 2015. These were mainly near miss reports (no harm) but also included two incidents where lipid and vamin rates were switched. This was followed by a reduction in errors in 2016 with no further incidence of lipid and vamin rates switched.ConclusionThe interventions implemented did reduce the incidence of PN errors causing harm. We believe the decrease in errors was due to the cumulative effect of changes and increased awareness. The initial increase in reported errors in 2015 may have been due to increased awareness and reporting. We considered the possibility of interventions increasing errors but discussion with staff involved suggested this was not a factor. MDT involvement is crucial, as is good communication with all staff throughout the change process. We will continue to encourage near miss reporting and monitor on an ongoing basis to ensure the change is sustained, and target new staff to maintain these improvements.
Targeting the SphK1/S1P/S1PR1 Axis That Links Obesity, Chronic Inflammation, and Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Nagahashi Masayuki , Yamada Akimitsu , Katsuta Eriko , Aoyagi Tomoyoshi , Huang Wei-Ching , Terracina Krista P. , Hait Nitai C. , Allegood Jeremy C. , Tsuchida Junko , Yuza Kizuki , Nakajima Masato , Abe Manabu , Sakimura Kenji , Milstien Sheldon , Wakai Toshifumi , Spiegel Sarah , Takabe Kazuaki 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Although obesity with associated inflammation is now recognized as a risk factor for breast cancer and distant metastases, the functional basis for these connections remain poorly understood. Here, we show that in breast cancer patients and in animal breast cancer models, obesity is a sufficient cause for increased expression of the bioactive sphingolipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which mediates cancer pathogenesis. A high-fat diet was sufficient to upregulate expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), the enzyme that produces S1P, along with its receptor S1PR1 in syngeneic and spontaneous breast tumors. Targeting the SphK1/S1P/S1PR1 axis with FTY720/fingolimod attenuated key proinflammatory cytokines, macrophage infiltration, and tumor progression induced by obesity. S1P produced in the lung premetastatic niche by tumor-induced SphK1 increased macrophage recruitment into the lung and induced IL6 and signaling pathways important for lung metastatic colonization. Conversely, FTY720 suppressed IL6, macrophage infiltration, and S1P-mediated signaling pathways in the lung induced by a high-fat diet, and it dramatically reduced formation of metastatic foci. In tumor-bearing mice, FTY720 similarly reduced obesity-related inflammation, S1P signaling, and pulmonary metastasis, thereby prolonging survival. Taken together, our results establish a critical role for circulating S1P produced by tumors and the SphK1/S1P/S1PR1 axis in obesity-related inflammation, formation of lung metastatic niches, and breast cancer metastasis, with potential implications for prevention and treatment.
Significance: These findings offer a preclinical proof of concept that signaling by a sphingolipid may be an effective target to prevent obesity-related breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1713–25. ©2018 AACR.
Introdução aos Estudos Históricos (VIII) - 4a parte: As interpretações da História através dos séculos
Authors: Besselaar José Van Den 
Published: January 2018

Os termos, empregados pelo historiador e pelo sociólogo, tem os seus altos e baixos. O termo "burguês" era, em certa época, a suma expressão de tudo o que é prudente e moderado, honrado e leal e, ao mesmo tempo, empreendedor e progressista; atualmente está completamente desacreditado. Acadêmicos, românticos, artistas e revolucionários têm concorrido para difamar ce cochon qui désire mourir de vieileose (Léon Bloy). Coitado do burguês! É difícil não escrever uma sátira sobre ele. Tudo quanto é mesquinho e vulgar, interesseiro e reacionário, covarde e medíocre é insinuado por esta palavra injuriosa, cheia de carga explosiva como poucas outras. Até os próprios burgueses falam com certo desprezo do "burguês".
Correspondência de José Bonifácio (1810-1820)
Authors: Vianna Hélio 
Published: January 2018

AS CARTAS DO CONDE DE LINHARES A JOSÉ BONIFÁCIO DE ANDRADA E SILVA. Para o estabelecimento da definitiva biografia de José Bo-nifácio de Andrada e Silva conviria que fôsse mais utilizada a correspondência que durante vários anos, de 1802 a 1811, manteve com D. Rodrigo Domingos Antônio de Sousa Coutinho, 1.° Conde de Linhares, um dos mais notáveis auxiliares do Príncipe-Regente D. João, neto de brasileira e afilhado do Marquês de Pombal, Secretário de Estado dos Negócios da Marinha e Ultramar de 1796 a 1801, Presidente do Real Erário dêsse últi-mo ano ao de 1803, a seguir apenas Conselheiro de Estado.
Os concílios ecumênicos
Authors: Reis Josué Callender dos 
Published: January 2018

Estamos em pleno XXI Concílio Ecumênico, cujo anúncio foi feito pelo Papa João XXIII (vide fig. 1), a 25 de janeiro de 1959. O mundo católico ou acatólico recebeu a notícia de certa forma com grande surprêsa, pois na definição da infalibilidade papal no XX Concílio, I do Vaticano, realizado de 1869 a 1870, ficou determinado o fim dos concílios.
Os atributos dos santos na representação artística
Authors: Schaeffer Enrico 
Published: January 2018

É costume, na arte, de mais de um milênio,' representar certos Santos com "atributos"; tais como animais ou objetos, que 'se referem à sua vida ou ao seu martírio. Em muitos casos, porém; tais atributos são meramente símbolos; como por exemplo a representação do Espírito Santo, por intermédio de uma pomba, Cristo com um cordeiro, o Bom Pastor, ou São Domingos, ,o, fundador da Ordem dos. Dominicanos, junto com um cão, que representa o "fiel guardião; da religião e da fé".
Resenha de: Floriano Peixoto, o consolidador da República e resenha de "Floriano"
Authors: Matos Odilon Nogueira de 
Published: January 2018

SILVA (Cyro) . — Floriano Peixoto, o consolidador da República. São Paulo. Edaglit, 1963. 288 págs. MIRANDA (Salm de). — Floriano. Rio de Janeiro. Biblioteca do Exército, 1963. 350 págs.
Resenha de: A caminho do Oeste (História da Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro)
Authors: Reis Josué Callender dos 
Published: January 2018

DEBES (Célio). — A caminho do Oeste (História da Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro) — la. Parte. Indústria Gráfica Bentivegna Editôra. São Paulo, 1968, formato 0,16 x 23, 178 páginas, ilustrado com 9 fotos, 3 encartes, 9 apêndices, 259 notas de rodapé e cronologia.
Fomento Ultramarino e Mercantilismo: a companhia geral do Grão-Pará e Maranhão (1755-1778) (XII)
Authors: Dias Manuel Nunes 
Published: January 2018

CONTINUAÇÃOSEXTA PARTE. — A EXTINÇÃO DA COMPANHIA. CAPITULO II. — A CONTROVÉRSIA EM TORNO DA COMPANHIA . a) . — Os detratores. Com a morte de D . José I, sucedida em fevereiro de 1777, e conseqüente queda do marquês de Pombal, deveriam desvanecer-se de todo quaisquer esperanças aos administradores da Companhia do Grão-Pará e Maranhão de verem prorrogados os seus largos privilégios do comércio e navegação que há mais de vinte anos vinham exer-cendo.
Massada: considerações arqueológicas e históricas
Authors: Steingberg Mariza Balsamo 
Published: January 2018

SITUAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA DE MASSADA. Introdução. A sudoeste de Jerusalém extende-se o deserto de Judá, um planalto que termina abruptamente 25 km depois . Desce 400 metros abaixo do nível do mar às margens do Mar Morto (mar salgado dos israelitas)
Condicionalismo sócio-cultural das origens do movimento universitário europeu: a singularidade do caso português (V)
Authors: Janotti Aldo 
Published: January 2018

HOUVE CONDIÇÕES PARA O NASCIMENTO DA UNIVERSIDADE PORTUGUESA? B) . —O ARCAISMO SOCIAL. Na explicação dos fundamentos da Universidade européia, tivemos a oportunidade de relacioná-los com a atuação concomitante de condições de dupla natureza: sociais e culturais .
Mesa-Redonda: Independência: um debate
Authors: Paula Eurípedes Simões de 
Published: January 2018

Coordenador: Eurípedes Simões de Paula (FFLCH/USP). Debatedores: Carlos Guilherme Mota (FFLCH/USP). Cecília Maria Westphalen (Universidade Federal do Paraná) . Eduardo d'Oliveira França (FFLCH/USP). Helga Iracema Landgraf Picolo (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande dq Sul).
Buenos Aires e Cadiz: contribuição ao estudo do comércio livre (1789-1791)(IV)
Authors: Garcia Emanuel Soares da Veiga 
Published: January 2018

TERCEIRA PARTE. CAPITULO II.A MOEDA DO VICE-REINO DO PRATA. De início, poder-se-ia afirmar que o grosso do meio circulante no vice-reino do Prata era constituido de moedas de prata oriundas de Potosi . As moedas de ouro geralmente eram utilizadas nas transa-ções pertinentes ao comércio exterior. As moedas de cobre jamais foram empregadas no Prata
Resenha de: Almanack para a Cidade da Bahia
Authors: Rodrigues José Honório 
Published: January 2018

ALMANACH PARA A CIDADE DA BAHIA, ANNO 1812 (Bahia. Na Typ. de Manoel Antônio da Silveira Serva. Com as devidas licenças necessárias).Conselho Estadual de Cultura. Secretaria de Educação eCultura da Bahia. 1973. Edição facsimilar. 264 páginas. Impressãopela Empresa Gráfica da Bahia.
Resenha de: Um estabelecimento agrícola da Província de São Paulo nos meados do século XIX
Authors: Martins José de Souza 
Published: January 2018

WITTER (José Sebastião). — Um estabelecimento agrícola da Província deSão Paulo nos meados do Século XIX. Apresentação de EurípedesSimões de Paula. Coleção da "Revista de História", vol. L, SãoPaulo, 1974, 95 pp.
O Tratado de Tordesilhas e sua projeção
Authors: Tanzi Héctor José 
Published: January 2018

(primeiro parágrafo do artigo)Em fins de 1479, Castela e Portugal derimiam momentaneamente os trâmites de uma cruel contenda, num tratado de paz pelo qual Fernando e Isabel logravam uma efetiva elevação ao trono e Afonso V de Portugal abandonava a idéia de casar-se com a filha bastarda de Henrique IV, chamada a Beltraneja; esse foi o Tratado das Tercerías de Moura. Porém, ao mesmo tempo que punha fim ao pleito dinástico, regulamentava-se a questão africana do Reino de Fez e reconhecia-se a Portugal a posse de Guiné, Açores e Cabo Verde, " ... e todas as ilhas que agora se tem descoberto e qualquer outras ilhas que se acharem e se conquistarem das ilhas da Canária para baixo contra Guiné..." no tratado chamado de Alcaçobas.