bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Chimeric Switch-Receptor Targeting PD1 Augments the Efficacy of Second-Generation CAR T Cells in Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Liu Xiaojun , Ranganathan Raghuveer , Jiang Shuguang , Fang Chongyun , Sun Jing , Kim Soyeon , Newick Kheng , Lo Albert , June Carl H. , Zhao Yangbing , Moon Edmund K. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–modified adoptive T-cell therapy has been successfully applied to the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but faces many challenges in solid tumors. One major obstacle is the immune-suppressive effects induced in both naturally occurring and genetically modified tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) by inhibitory receptors (IR), namely PD1. We hypothesized that interfering with PD1 signaling would augment CAR T-cell activity against solid tumors. To address this possibility, we introduced a genetically engineered switch receptor construct, comprising the truncated extracellular domain of PD1 and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic signaling domains of CD28, into CAR T cells. We tested the effect of this supplement, “PD1CD28,” on human CAR T cells targeting aggressive models of human solid tumors expressing relevant tumor antigens. Treatment of mice bearing large, established solid tumors with PD1CD28 CAR T cells led to significant regression in tumor volume due to enhanced CAR TIL infiltrate, decreased susceptibility to tumor-induced hypofunction, and attenuation of IR expression compared with treatments with CAR T cells alone or PD1 antibodies. Taken together, our findings suggest that the application of PD1CD28 to boost CAR T-cell activity is efficacious against solid tumors via a variety of mechanisms, prompting clinical investigation of this potentially promising treatment modality. Cancer Res; 76(6); 1578–90. ©2016 AACR.
Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) Lundbeck, 1909 (Coelosphaeridae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Southern Chile: new species and a discussion of morphologic characters in the subgenus
Authors: FERNANDEZ JULIO C.C. , CÁRDENAS CÉSAR A. , BRAVO ALEJANDRO , LÔBO-HAJDU GISELE , WILLENZ PHILIPPE , HAJDU EDUARDO 
Published: March 2016

Our ongoing studies of the Chilean sponge fauna revealed four new species of Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) that are described here, including three from the fjord’s region (< 30 m depth, L.(E.) ballena sp. nov., L. (E.) corrugata sp. nov., L. (E.) coloanensis sp. nov.), and one from the deep waters off Diego Ramírez Archipelago (ca. 2000 m, L. (E.) diegoramirezensis sp. nov.). In addition, the type of L. (E.) anacantha was revised and found to bear much larger acanthostyles than originally reported. Our results revealed skeletal architectures quite distinct from that reported from the type species of L. (Ectyodoryx), and not predicted in the current diagnosis of Lissodendoryx, requiring an amended diagnosis. Ectosomal megascleres also set the majority of the new species apart from the type species of L. (Ectyodoryx), which does not have terminally microspined (sub)tylotes. This character is widespread in Lissodendoryx and might be pointing to phylogenetic affinities across the current subgeneric arrangement. Further morphologic characters and alternative phylogenetic scenarios are discussed, including hymedesmiid and myxillid affinities of the species described here.
Six-session caregiver psychoeducation on bipolar disorder: Does it bring benefits to caregivers?
Authors: de Souza Marília Silva , da Silva Ricardo Azevedo , Molina Mariane Acosta Lopez , Jansen Karen , de Lima Ferreira Luana , Kelbert Evelin Franco , Soares Jennifer Mendes , de Mattos Souza Luciano Dias 
Published: March 2016

Aim: To evaluate the impact of psychoeducational intervention on the levels of burden, of self-esteem and quality of life in caregivers of patients diagnosed with Bipolar Disorders. Method: In this randomized clinical trial, changes in degree of burden, levels of self-esteem and quality of life were evaluated. Caregivers could participate in the group of psychoeducation (six sessions) or usual treatment (without psychoeducation following a manual). Results: There were no significant differences regarding levels of objective burden between groups. Both groups presented improvement in subjective burden scores throughout the interventions. Objective burden scores showed significant reduction in the usual treatment group ( p = .003) and a trend toward decrease in the psychoeducational intervention ( p = .081). There are no differences regarding improvement in perceived self-esteem and quality of life when comparing means between the groups with and without intervention. Conclusion: A six-session caregiver psychoeducational intervention on bipolar disorder did not bring benefits to caregiver’s health. A longer longitudinal follow-up study would be crucial to see whether there were differences in degree of burden, perceived self-esteem and quality of life over time in caregivers.
Resilience as moderator of the relationship between left-behind experience and mental health of Chinese adolescents
Authors: Shi Jingyu , Chen Zengtang , Yin Fang , Zhao Juan , Zhao Xudong , Yao Yuhong 
Published: March 2016

Background: In China, since the rural labor, leaving their children in the hometown to other caregivers is a trend that has been increasing, and the impact of parental absence on the well-being of left-behind children is increasingly drawing attention in the Chinese society. However, there is a lack of study on the potential impacts of being left behind on later psychosocial outcomes in adolescence and associated protective factors. Aim: This study was conducted on a large sample of Chinese college students to test the moderating effect of resilience between left-behind experience and mental health problems. Methods: The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale and Symptom Checklist as well as a self-reported questionnaire about left-behind experience designed by the authors were adopted for a survey with 2,968 Chinese college students as respondents. Results: Totally, 1,063 students (35.8%) had 1 year or more left-behind experience. Compared to those who had no left-behind experience, the students who had left-behind experience were rated lower on resilience score and higher on mental health problem score. Mental health problems had a negative correlation with resilience. Regression analysis showed that resilience moderated left-behind experience and mental health problems. Conclusion: Individuals with left-behind experience are more vulnerable to mental health problems. Promoting resilience may be helpful for prevention of mental health problems in college students with left-behind experience.
The mystery shopper: a tool to measure public service delivery?
Authors: Jacob Steve , Schiffino Nathalie , Biard Benjamin 
Published: March 2016

Originally the exclusive preserve of the private sector, the mystery shopper technique is increasingly being used in the public sector. In the wake of the reforms to modernise the state, accountability and performance-monitoring exercises are on the rise. They focus, in particular, on service quality and user-customer satisfaction. The article makes a twofold contribution to this topic: methodological and substantive. First of all, the article undertakes a scoping review of the literature on the mystery shopper. This review makes it possible to present the mystery shopper technique and its use in the public sector. For this bibliometric study, a sample of 34 papers was analysed. Second, the article offers a summary of the research into the mystery shopper technique, its potential and its limitations. Points for practitioners This article describes the use of the mystery shopper technique in the public sector. The areas for which mystery shopper surveys are commissioned are relatively limited, most being undertaken in the health sector. However, the scoping review emphasises the potential importance of mystery shopping for the purposes of the evaluation. As such, investigating other areas can be very interesting and promising for the public authorities. We also observe from this literature review that the challenges identified during mystery shopper studies can be overcome.
The effect of stakeholder inclusion on public sector project innovation
Authors: Godenhjelm Sebastian , Johanson Jan-Erik 
Published: March 2016

The delivery of public services in collaborative agency networks has given rise to an increasing use of projects in administering policy and service delivery. Projects are assumed to provide mechanisms by which flexibility can be achieved and innovative solutions produced. The aim of the article is to advance the understanding of collaboration between stakeholders and its effect on innovation. It analyses stakeholders’ influence on the creation of project innovations in 275 European Union-funded projects by using content analyses and logistic regression analyses. The results show that projects can act as hubs where valuable information is produced but that few projects produce innovations. Project stakeholder network, knowledge dissemination and project influence, as well as sources of advice, play a role in predicting project innovations. The article concludes that the overly optimistic view of collaboration as a remedy for a lack of innovation in the public sector can be questioned. Points for practitioners The results of the article help practitioners to compose public sector development projects that foster innovation. The results suggest that it pays to include representatives of research and education facilities among project staff as their inclusion predicts the possibilities of achieving innovations. The empirical findings provide insight into project innovation and indicate which practices to avoid. It is suggested that when managed correctly, stakeholder inclusion has an effect on public sector project innovation.
Harvesting Water for the Future
Authors: Stensrud Astrid B. 
Published: March 2016

Examination of the distribution of climate vulnerability, water resources, and economic opportunities in a Peruvian watershed suggests that, rather than the concept of adaptation, a focus on political agency is important to highlight the creative and dynamic political action in local responses to climate change. Peasant farmers and herders in the Peruvian headwaters are among the most vulnerable to global warming, since they are the first to experience the changes in water supplies. Leaders in the highlands claim rights connected to a fluid ownership of water that is born in their territory and demand payments from the companies making money on this water based on the principles of reciprocity and justice. These demands are attempts at taking control of an uncertain future and as such are examples of political agency relating to climate change. El examen de la distribución de la vulnerabilidad climática, los recursos hídricos, y las oportunidades económicas en una cuenca peruana sugiere que, en lugar del concepto de adaptación, un enfoque sobre la agencia política es importante para resaltar la acción política creativa y dinámica en las respuestas locales al cambio climático. Los campesinos y pastores en las cabeceras de cuencas se encuentran entre los más vulnerables al calentamiento global porque son los primeros en experimentar los cambios en las reservas de agua. Los líderes en las partes altas reclaman derechos conectados a una pertenencia fluida del agua que nace en su territorio y exigen pagos de las compañías que hacen dinero de esta agua basándose en los principios de reciprocidad y justicia. Estas demandas son intentos de tomar control de un futuro incierto y como tal, son ejemplos de agencia política relacionada con el cambio climático.
Unsettling Times
Authors: Rasmussen Mattias Borg 
Published: March 2016

As in many other parts of the Peruvian Andes, the peasants of rural Recuay report receding glaciers, altered patterns of precipitation, and disappearing species of plants and wildlife among the many things that may unsettle the everyday. Susan Whyte’s concept of uncertainty highlights the fact that climate change emerges in different ways in particular situations. It informs water politics and local lives but is not a priori the most important part of the story. Rather than adapting to climate change, people adapt climate change to their social worlds. Así como en varias partes de los Andes peruanos, los campesinos del Recuay rural dan parte de glaciares en retroceso, padrones de precipitación alterados, y la desaparición de especies de plantas y fauna silvestre entre las numerosas cosas que puedan perturbar lo cotidiano. El concepto de Susan Whyte de la incertidumbre acentúa el hecho de que el cambio climático se manifiesta de distintas maneras en situaciones particulares. Informa políticas sobre el agua y las vidas locales pero no es a priori la parte más importante de la historia. En vez de adaptarse al cambio climático, la gente adapta el cambio climático a sus mundos sociales.
Civil Society Reconstruction: Popular Organizations in Postearthquake Concepción
Authors: Simon Jeanne W. , Valenzuela-Fuentes Katia 
Published: March 2016

The Chilean province of Concepción was little prepared for the impact of the earthquake and subsequent tsunami that took place on February 27, 2010. Because of the destruction of roads and bridges, the power outage, and ineffective communication, each neighborhood was essentially left to fend for itself with virtually no assistance from local and provincial authorities. Within the first 24 hours, panic hit, with stores being looted and local politicians calling for a military presence, and neighbors joined together to protect their property from looting gangs, even in the poorest neighborhoods. Most of these committees were not based on the traditional neighborhood councils that had emerged since the return to electoral democracy in 1990. In the emergency camps established by families that had lost their houses, the new leaders established a more autonomous and horizontal leadership style in their search for decent living conditions and a definitive housing solution. At first glance, these new leaders appear to be a return to the autonomous popular organizations that emerged during the dictatorship but were demobilized under electoral democracy. Ironically, the earthquake and the new center-right government seem to have offered a political opportunity for the reemergence of a more autonomous civil society. La provincia chilena de Concepción estuvo poco preparada por el impacto del terremoto y el posterior tsunami que ocurrió el 27 de febrero de 2010. Debido a la destrucción de caminos y puentes, el apagón, y la comunicación ineficaz, cada barrio fue esencialmente librado a su suerte prácticamente sin asistencia de las autoridades locales y provinciales. Dentro de las primeras 24 horas cundió el pánico, con saqueos de las tiendas y llamados de los políticos locales por una presencia militar, y vecinos juntándose para proteger su propiedad de las bandas de saqueo, aún en los barrios más pobres. La mayoría de estos comités no estaban basados en los tradicionales consejos barriales que habían surgido desde el retorno de la democracia electoral en 1990. En los campamentos de emergencia establecidos por las familias que habían perdido sus casas, nuevos líderes crearon un estilo de liderazgo más autónomo y horizontal en la búsqueda de condiciones decentes de vida y una solución definitiva sobre la vivienda. A primera vista, estos nuevos líderes parecen representar un retorno a las organizaciones autónomas populares que surgieron durante la dictadura pero que fueron desmovilizados bajo la democracia electoral. Irónicamente, el terremoto y el nuevo gobierno de centro-derecha parecen haber brindado una oportunidad política para la reemergencia de una sociedad civil más autónoma.
Does the use of Nintendo Wii SportsTM improve arm function? Trial of WiiTM in Stroke: a randomized controlled trial and economics analysis
Authors: Adie Katja , Schofield Christine , Berrow Margie , Wingham Jennifer , Humfryes John , Pritchard Colin , James Martin , Allison Rhoda 
Published: March 2016

Objective: The Trial of Wii™ in Stroke investigated the efficacy of using the Nintendo Wii Sports™ (WiiTM) to improve affected arm function after stroke. Design: Multicentre, pragmatic, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. Setting: Home-based rehabilitation. Subjects: A total of 240 participants aged 24–90 years with arm weakness following a stroke within the previous six months. Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to exercise daily for six weeks using the WiiTM or arm exercises at home. Main measures: Primary outcome was change in the affected arm function at six weeks follow-up using the Action Research Arm Test. Secondary outcomes included occupational performance, quality of life, arm function at six months and a cost effectiveness analysis. Results: The study was completed by 209 participants (87.1%). There was no significant difference in the primary outcome of affected arm function at six weeks follow-up (mean difference −1.7, 95% CI −3.9 to 0.5, p = 0.12) and no significant difference in secondary outcomes, including occupational performance, quality of life or arm function at six months, between the two groups. No serious adverse events related to the study treatment were reported. The cost effectiveness analysis showed that the WiiTM was more expensive than arm exercises £1106 (SD 1656) vs. £730 (SD 829) (probability 0.866). Conclusion: The trial showed that the WiiTM was not superior to arm exercises in home-based rehabilitation for stroke survivors with arm weakness. The WiiTM was well tolerated but more expensive than arm exercises.
Effect of interferential current therapy on pain perception and disability level in subjects with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Albornoz-Cabello Manuel , Maya-Martín Julián , Domínguez-Maldonado Gabriel , Espejo-Antúnez Luis , Heredia-Rizo Alberto Marcos 
Published: March 2016

Objective: To assess the short-term efficacy of transregional interferential current therapy on pain perception and disability level in chronic non-specific low back pain. Design: A randomized, single-blinded (the assessor collecting the outcome data was blinded), controlled trial. Setting: A private physiotherapy research clinic. Subjects: A total of 64 individuals, 20 men and 44 women, mean (SD) age was 51 years (11.93), with low back pain of more than three months, with or without pain radiating to the lower extremities above the knee, were distributed into a control ( n = 20) or an experimental group ( n = 44). A 2:1 randomization ratio was used in favour of the latter. Interventions: A transregional interferential current electrotherapy protocol was performed for participants in the experimental group, while the control group underwent a ‘usual care’ treatment (massage, mobilization and soft-tissue techniques). All subjects received up to 10 treatment sessions of 25 minutes over a two-week period, and completed the intervention and follow-up evaluations. Outcome measures: Self-perceived pain was assessed with a Visual Analogue Scale. Secondary measure included the Oswestry Low Back Disability Index. Evaluations were collected at baseline and after the intervention protocol. Results: Significant between-group differences were found for interferential current therapy on pain perception ( p = 0.032) and disability level ( p = 0.002). The observed differences in the between-group mean changes were of 11.34 mm (1.77/20.91) and 13.38 points (4.97/21.78), respectively. Conclusions: A two-week transregional interferential current treatment has shown significant short-term efficacy, when compared with a ‘usual care’ protocol, on self-perceived pain and functionality in subjects with chronic low back pain.
Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of 3D and 2D imaging systems for laparoscopic radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection
Authors: Tang Feng Jie , Qi Lin , Jiang Hui Chuan , Tong Shi Yu , Li Yuan 
Published: March 2016

Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopic imaging systems for radical cystectomy (RC) with pelvic lymph node dissection. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of data collected from all patients who underwent RC with pelvic lymph node dissection between January 2013 and May 2014, performed by a single surgeon in our clinic. Demographic characteristics and operative data from the procedure were collected and compared. Results Data were available from 42 patients (mean age 63 ± 6.7 years) of whom 18 were operated on using a 3D imaging laparoscope (Group 3D) and 24 were operated on using a conventional 2D laparoscope (Group 2D). There were no statistically significant differences in patient characteristics between the two groups ( P > 0.05). There was no difference between groups in the mean (±SD) number of lymph nodes retrieved from each patient (13.2 ± 4.6 and 12.5 ± 4.3, for the 3D and 2D groups respectively), or in blood loss. PLND duration and total operative time were statistically significantly lower in Group 3D than in group 2D. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in postoperative hospital stay or total cost of the procedures. Serious postoperative complications occurred in one patient (5.6%) in group 3D, and four patients (16.7%) in group 2D ( P = 0.075). Conclusions With the assistance of 3D stereoscopic imaging, surgeons may be able to reduce both the duration of lymph node dissection and overall operative time during laparoscopic RC with pelvic lymph node dissection, without increasing postoperative hospital stay or total cost.
Validation of the French Version of Conners’ Parent Rating Scale Revised, Short Version: Factorial Structure and Reliability
Authors: Fumeaux Pierre , Mercier Catherine , Roche Sylvain , Iwaz Jean , Bader Michel , Stéphan Philippe , Ecochard René , Revol Olivier 
Published: March 2016

Objective: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorders. Its diagnosis requires reference questionnaires such as the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). Presently, in French-speaking countries, a few translations of the revised short CPRS have been put to use without previous formal validation. We sought here for the validation of a French version (Lausanne, Switzerland) of the revised short CPRS regarding construct validity, internal consistency, and item reliability in a sample of French schoolchildren. Method: The study involved 795 children and adolescents aged 9 to 19 years from a single school. The factorial structure and item reliability were assessed with a confirmatory factor analysis for ordered categorical variables. The dimension internal consistency was assessed with Guttman’s lambda 6 coefficient. Results: The results confirmed the original and strong 3-dimensional factorial structure (Oppositional, Cognitive Problems/Inattention, and Hyperactivity), showed satisfactory item reliability, and indicated a good dimension internal consistency (Guttman’s lambda 6 coefficient: 0.87, 0.90, and 0.82, respectively, to the 3 dimensions). Conclusions: Thus, the Lausanne French version of the revised short CPRS may be considered validated regarding construct validity and item and dimension reliability; it can be now more confidently used in clinical practice.