bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Inflammation, Blood Brain Barrier dysfunction and Neuronal Synaptophysin Decrease after Inhalation Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nano-aerosol in Aging Rats
Authors: Disdier Clémence , Chalansonnet Monique , Gagnaire François , Gaté Laurent , Cosnier Frédéric , Devoy Jérôme , Saba Wadad , Lund Amie K. , Brun Emilie , Mabondzo Aloïse 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNotwithstanding potential neurotoxicity of inhaled titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), the toxicokinetics and consequences on blood-brain barrier (BBB) function remain poorly characterized. To improve risk assessment, we need to evaluate the impact on BBB under realistic environmental conditions and take into account vulnerability status such as age. 12–13 week and 19-month-old male rats were exposed by inhalation to 10 mg/m3 of TiO2 nano-aerosol (6 hrs/day, 5 day/week, for 4 weeks). We showed an age-dependent modulation of BBB integrity parameters suggesting increased BBB permeability in aging rats. This alteration was associated with a significant increase of cytokines/chemokines in the brain, including interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, and fractalkine as well as a decreased expression of synaptophysin, a neuronal activity marker. These observations, in absence of detectable titanium in the brain suggest that CNS-related effects are mediated by systemic-pathway. Moreover, observations in terms of BBB permeability and brain inflammation underline age susceptibility. Even if TiO2 NPs were not evidenced in the brain, we observed an association between the exposure to TiO2 NPs and the dysregulation of BBB physiology associated with neuroinflammation and decreased expression of neuronal activity marker, which was further exacerbated in the brain of aged animal’s.
Genetic screening confirms heterozygous mutations in ACAN as a major cause of idiopathic short stature
Authors: Hauer Nadine N. , Sticht Heinrich , Boppudi Sangamitra , Büttner Christian , Kraus Cornelia , Trautmann Udo , Zenker Martin , Zweier Christiane , Wiesener Antje , Jamra Rami Abou , Wieczorek Dagmar , Kelkel Jaqueline , Jung Anna-Maria , Uebe Steffen , Ekici Arif. B , Rohrer Tilman , Reis André , Dörr Helmuth-Günther , Thiel Christian T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractShort stature is a common pediatric disorder affecting 3% of the population. However, the clinical variability and genetic heterogeneity prevents the identification of the underlying cause in about 80% of the patients. Recently, heterozygous mutations in the ACAN gene coding for the proteoglycan aggrecan, a main component of the cartilage matrix, were associated with idiopathic short stature. To ascertain the prevalence of ACAN mutations and broaden the phenotypic spectrum in patients with idiopathic short stature we performed sequence analyses in 428 families. We identified heterozygous nonsense mutations in four and potentially disease-causing missense variants in two families (1.4%). These patients presented with a mean of −3.2 SDS and some suggestive clinical characteristics. The results suggest heterozygous mutations in ACAN as a common cause of isolated as well as inherited idiopathic short stature.
UbasM: An effective balanced optical clearing method for intact biomedical imaging
Authors: Chen Lingling , Li Guiye , Li Yamin , Li Yingchao , Zhu Haiou , Tang Li , French Paul , McGinty James , Ruan Shuangchen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOptical clearing methods can facilitate deep optical imaging in biological tissue by reducing light scattering and this has enabled accurate three-dimensional signal visualization and quantification of complex biological structures. Unfortunately, existing optical clearing approaches present a compromise between maximizing clearing capability, the preservation of fluorescent protein emission and membrane integrity and the speed of sample processing – with the latter typically requiring weeks for cm scale tissue samples. To address this challenge, we present a new, convenient, aqueous optical clearing agent, termed UbasM: Urea-Based Amino-Sugar Mixture, that rapidly renders fixed tissue samples highly transparent and reliably preserves emission from fluorescent proteins and lipophilic dyes in membrane integrity preserved tissues. UbasM is simple, inexpensive, reproducible and compatible with all labeling methods that we have encountered. It can enable convenient, volumetric imaging of tissue up to the scale of whole adult mouse organs and should be useful for a wide range of light microscopy and tomography techniques applied to biomedical research, especially the study on organism-level systems biology at multiple levels.
Expression and Differential Responsiveness of Central Nervous System Glial Cell Populations to the Acute Phase Protein Serum Amyloid A
Authors: Barbierato Massimo , Borri Mila , Facci Laura , Zusso Morena , Skaper Stephen D. , Giusti Pietro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAcute-phase response is a systemic reaction to environmental/inflammatory insults and involves hepatic production of acute-phase proteins, including serum amyloid A (SAA). Extrahepatically, SAA immunoreactivity is found in axonal myelin sheaths of cortex in Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis (MS), although its cellular origin is unclear. We examined the responses of cultured rat cortical astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to master pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and lipopolysaccaride (LPS). TNF-α time-dependently increasedSaa1(but notSaa3) mRNA expression in purified microglia, enriched astrocytes, and OPCs (as did LPS for microglia and astrocytes). Astrocytes depleted of microglia were markedly less responsive to TNF-α and LPS, even after re-addition of microglia. Microglia and enriched astrocytes showed complementarySaa1expression profiles following TNF-α or LPS challenge, being higher in microglia with TNF-α and higher in astrocytes with LPS. Recombinant human apo-SAA stimulated production of both inflammatory mediators and its own mRNA in microglia and enriched, but not microglia-depleted astrocytes. Co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide/luteolin, an established anti-inflammatory/ neuroprotective agent, reducedSaa1expression in OPCs subjected to TNF-α treatment. These last data, together with past findings suggest that co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide/luteolin may be a novel approach in the treatment of inflammatory demyelinating disorders like MS.
Graphene-assisted ultra-compact polarization splitter and rotator with an extended bandwidth
Authors: Zhang Tian , Ke Xianmin , Yin Xiang , Chen Lin , Li Xun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe high refraction-index contrast between silicon and the surrounding cladding makes silicon-on-insulator devices highly polarization-dependent. However, it is greatly desirable for many applications to address the issue of polarization dependence in silicon photonics. Here, a novel ultra-compact polarization splitter and rotator (PSR), constructed with an asymmetrical directional coupler consisting of a rib silicon waveguide and a graphene-embedded rib silicon waveguide (GERSW), on a silicon-on-insulator platform is proposed and investigated. By taking advantage of the large modulation of the effective refractive index of the TE mode for the GERSW by tuning the chemical potential of graphene, the phase matching condition can be well satisfied over a wide spectral band. The presented result demonstrates that for a 7-layer-graphene-embedded PSR with a coupling length of 11.1 μm, a high TM-to-TE conversion efficiency (>−0.5 dB) can be achieved over a broad bandwidth from 1516 to 1602 nm.
Inherent humic substance promotes microbial denitrification of landfill leachate via shifting bacterial community, improving enzyme activity and up-regulating gene
Authors: Dong Shanshan , Li Mu , Chen Yinguang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMicrobial denitrification is the main pathway for nitrogen removal of landfill leachate. Although humic substances (HSs) have been reported in landfill leachate, the effects of HS on denitrification process of activated sludge for leachate treatment are still unknown. In this study, we adopted SAHA as the model HS to study the effects of HS on the denitrification of landfill leachate. After long-term operation at 10 mg/L of Shanghai Aladdin Humic Acid (SAHA), the final nitrate concentration and nitrite accumulation were much lower than the control (5.2 versus 96.2 mg/L; 0.5 versus 34.7 mg/L), and the final N2O emission was 13.1% of the control. The mechanistic study unveiled that SAHA substantially changed the activated sludge community structure and resulted in the dominance of Thauera after long-term exposure to SAHA. Thauera could be able to utilize HSs as electron shuttle to improve denitrificattion performance, especially for nitrite reduction. Moreover, SAHA significantly upregulated the gene expressions and catalytic activities of the key enzymes related to denitrification, the reducing power (NADH) generation, and the electron transport system activity, which accelerated nitrogen oxide reduction. The positive effects of HS on denitrification performance were confirmed by the addition of SAHA into real leachate.
Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve-In-Ring and Aortic Valve-In-Valve Implantation
Authors: Reichart Daniel , Schofer Niklas , Deuschl Florian , Schaefer Andreas , Blankenberg Stefan , Reichenspurner Hermann , Schaefer Ulrich , Conradi Lenard 
Published: September 2017

Background Transcatheter heart valve (THV) therapies have shown to be an alternative to surgical valve replacement, especially in high-risk patients requiring redo surgery. However, reports of transcatheter-based interventions in tricuspid valve position are scarce.
Case Description Here, we report a case of successful concomitant transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve (ViV) and tricuspid valve-in-ring (ViR) procedures using a 23-mm CoreValve Evolut R THV (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States) in aortic position and a 29-mm SAPIEN3 (Edwards Lifesciences, Inc., Irvine, California, United States) THV in tricuspid position.
Conclusion This case demonstrates feasibility of concomitant transcatheter aortic ViV and tricuspid ViR procedures.
Surgery Significantly Improves Neurocognition, Sleep, and Blood Pressure in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A 3-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study
Authors: Storvall Sara , Ryhänen Eeva , Heiskanen Ilkka , Sintonen Harri , Roine Risto , Schalin-Jäntti Camilla 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSurgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) improves health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but it is unclear whether the effects are sustained after medium-term (>2 years) follow-up, and whether the results on some or all dimensions of HRQoL will reach that of the general population. We performed a follow-up of HRQoL on average 3.3 years after surgery for PHPT using the 15D in our patient cohort (n=124) and compared the results to those of an age- and gender-standardized general population (n=1099). We studied self-reported blood pressure and current medications; new comorbidities were retrieved from electronic patient records. A total of 104 (83%) patients [eight with serum calcium (1.34–1.46 mmol/l)] returned the questionnaires. After a follow-up of 3.3 years (range 23 to 55 months), systolic and diastolic blood pressure had decreased significantly compared to baseline (the situation before surgery, p<0.001). Thirty-four (33%) had acquired a new diagnosis (range 1–7), the most common being cardiovascular disease and cancer. Mean 15D score was significantly better compared to baseline (p<0.001), the dimensions of sleeping, mental function, discomfort and symptoms, and depression had further improved (p<0.01), and no longer differed from that of the general population. In PHPT, after >2 years follow-up, surgery improves blood pressure and restores neurocognitive function and sleep to the level of the general population. The improvements observed in overall HRQoL at one year after surgery are sustained, but overall HRQoL does not reach that of the general population.
Spanish version of the Dispositional Empathy with Nature scale / Versión española de la escala de Empatía Disposicional hacia la Naturaleza
Authors: Sevillano Verónica , Corraliza José A. , Lorenzo Esther 
Published: September 2017

The Dispositional Empathy with Nature scale (DEN) — dispositional tendency to understand and share the emotional experience of the natural world — offers a methodological tool for the study of the affective component of environmental concern. In this paper, the factor structure of the Spanish version of the DEN scale is tested ( N = 394). The originally proposed one-factor structure is found using exploratory factor analysis — FACTOR program — with Unweighted Least Squares procedure and optimal implementation of parallel analysis ( GFI = .99), along with high internal consistency (α = .93). The Spanish DEN scale shows moderate correlations between environmental concern measures ( r = .36 – .44, p < .01) and low-to-moderate correlations with dispositional empathy with humans ( r = .30 – .42, p < .05), indicating the distinctiveness of the scale. The Spanish version of the DEN scale is an adequate and reliable instrument for the measurement of empathic tendencies towards nature. Some recommendations regarding its future use are made.
Lightning-fast genome variant detection with GROM
Authors: Smith Sean D , Kawash Joseph K , Grigoriev Andrey 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Current human whole genome sequencing projects produce massive amounts of data, often creating significant computational challenges. Different approaches have been developed for each type of genome variant and method of its detection, necessitating users to run multiple algorithms to find variants. We present Genome Rearrangement OmniMapper (GROM), a novel comprehensive variant detection algorithm accepting aligned read files as input and finding SNVs, indels, structural variants (SVs), and copy number variants (CNVs). We show that GROM outperforms state-of-the-art methods on 7 validated benchmarks using 2 whole genome sequencing (WGS) data sets. Additionally, GROM boasts lightning-fast run times, analyzing a 50× WGS human data set (NA12878) on commonly available computer hardware in 11 minutes, more than an order of magnitude (up to 72 times) faster than tools detecting a similar range of variants. Addressing the needs of big data analysis, GROM combines in 1 algorithm SNV, indel, SV, and CNV detection, providing superior speed, sensitivity, and precision. GROM is also able to detect CNVs, SNVs, and indels in non-paired-read WGS libraries, as well as SNVs and indels in whole exome or RNA sequencing data sets.
Diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Vierhile Amy E. , Palumbo Donna , Belden Heidi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by signs and symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that typically begin in childhood. ADHD can persist into adulthood, causing impairments in occupational performance and peer and family relationships. This article reviews the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of ADHD.
Pharmacokinetics and safety profile of single-dose administration of an estrogen receptor β-selective phytoestrogenic (phytoSERM) formulation in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
Authors: Hernandez Gerson , Zhao Liqin , Franke Adrian A. , Chen Yu-Ling , Mack Wendy J. , Brinton Roberta D. , Schneider Lon S. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objective:
Selected estrogen receptor β-selective phytoestrogen (phytoSERM), a preparation of genistein, daidzein, and S-equol, has an 83-fold selective affinity for estrogen receptor (ER) β, and may promote neuronal survival and estrogenic mechanisms in the brain without exerting feminizing activity in the periphery. The aim of this study was to assess the safety, tolerability, and single-dose pharmacokinetics of the phytoSERM formulation in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Methods:
Eighteen women aged 45 to 60 years from a 12-week clinical trial evaluating cognitive performance and vasomotor symptoms were randomly assigned to placebo, 50 mg, or 100 mg phytoSERM treatment groups. Plasma levels of the three parent phytoestrogens and their metabolites were measured before and at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours after ingestion by isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Results:
Plasma concentrations of genistein, daidzein, and S-equol peaked at 9, 6, and 4 hours, respectively, for the 50-mg dose, and at 6, 6, and 5 hours, respectively, for the 100-mg dose. The maximum concentration (C
max) and area under the curve (AUC) for the three parent compounds were greater in the 100-mg dose group, indicating a dose-dependent change in concentration with the phytoSERM treatment. No adverse events were elicited.

Conclusions:
A single-dose oral administration of the phytoSERM formulation was well-tolerated and did not elicit any adverse events. It was rapidly absorbed, reached high plasma concentrations, and showed a linear dose-concentration response in its pharmacokinetics. These findings are consistent with previously reported parameters for each parent compound (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01723917).
Sugar in Infants, Children and Adolescents: A Position Paper of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition
Authors: Fidler Mis Nataša , Braegger Christian , Bronsky Jiri , Campoy Cristina , Domellöf Magnus , Embleton Nicholas D. , Hojsak Iva , Hulst Jessie , Indrio Flavia , Lapillonne Alexandre , Mihatsch Walter , Molgaard Christian , Vora Rakesh , Fewtrell Mary 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
The consumption of sugars, particularly sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs; beverages or drinks that contain added caloric sweeteners (ie, sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice concentrates), in European children and adolescents exceeds current recommendations. This is of concern because there is no nutritional requirement for free sugars, and infants have an innate preference for sweet taste, which may be modified and reinforced by pre- and postnatal exposures. Sugar-containing beverages/free sugars increase the risk for overweight/obesity and dental caries, can result in poor nutrient supply and reduced dietary diversity, and may be associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk, and other health effects. The term “free sugars,” includes all monosaccharides/disaccharides added to foods/beverages by the manufacturer/cook/consumer, plus sugars naturally present in honey/syrups/unsweetened fruit juices and fruit juice concentrates. Sugar naturally present in intact fruits and lactose in amounts naturally present in human milk or infant formula, cow/goat milk, and unsweetened milk products is not free sugar. Intake of free sugars should be reduced and minimised with a desirable goal of <5% energy intake in children and adolescents aged ≥2 to 18 years. Intake should probably be even lower in infants and toddlers <2 years. Healthy approaches to beverage and dietary consumption should be established in infancy, with the aim of preventing negative health effects in later childhood and adulthood. Sugar should preferably be consumed as part of a main meal and in a natural form as human milk, milk, unsweetened dairy products, and fresh fruits, rather than as SSBs, fruit juices, smoothies, and/or sweetened milk products. Free sugars in liquid form should be replaced by water or unsweetened milk drinks. National Authorities should adopt policies aimed at reducing the intake of free sugars in infants, children and adolescents. This may include education, improved labelling, restriction of advertising, introducing standards for kindergarten and school meals, and fiscal measures, depending on local circumstances.
Coprophagic Asphyxiation in an Intellectually Disabled Woman
Authors: Erickson Stephanie LeeAnne , Gambrell Aaron David , Fulcher James , Ward Michael 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The ingestion of one's own feces is referred to as coprophagia. In this report, the author discusses a case of coprophagia-associated death in a 36-year-old woman. The woman had a history of intellectual disability, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder and was living in a group home. At autopsy, examination of the upper airway revealed 4 distinct spherical boli of impacted fecal matter in the oral cavity and pharynx. Death was attributed to asphyxia due to aspiration of stool bolus during an episode of coprophagia. This is now the second reported case of coprophagic-related death, illustrating the need for careful monitoring of eating activities in individuals with mental disorders.
Laryngohyoid Fractures in Fatal Nonhomicidal Falls From a Height
Authors: Eş Hüseyin , Şahin Muhammed Feyzi , Özdemir Erdinç 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn cases of fall from a height, the presence of laryngohyoid fracture or bleeding at autopsy constitutes a suspicion of strangulation before trauma in these types of cases. This study has aimed to investigate the incidence of laryngohyoid fractures in nonhomicidal fall from height cases, and their relationship with age, sex, height of fall, body mass index, and other injuries.A total of 170 cases proven to be nonhomicidal falls from height with certain witnesses and evidences in 4683 autopsy cases in 2013 were included in this study.The mean age of the patients included in the study was 39.96 ± 22.25, and 70.6% of the cases were men. It was found that 118 (69.4%) of the deaths were accidental and 52 (30.6%) were suicidal. Laryngohyoid fracture was determined in 9.4% of the cases. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, it was found that as the height increased, the incidence of hyoid bone fracture increased, and as the age increased, the incidence of thyroid cartilage fracture increased significantly. Furthermore, in cases with cervical spine fractures, the incidence of hyoid bone fracture, and in cases with clavicle or cervical spine fractures, the incidence of thyroid cartilage fracture were observed to be significantly higher.When there is a suspicion in falls from height with laryngohyoid fractures, the height of fall, the age of case, and the injury in the adjacent bones contribute to the determination of the cause and manner of death.
Targeting Histone Methylation in Cancer
Authors: McCabe Michael T. , Mohammad Helai P. , Barbash Olena , Kruger Ryan G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Most, if not all, human cancers exhibit altered epigenetic signatures that promote aberrant gene expression that contributes to cellular transformation. Historically, attempts to pharmacologically intervene in this process have focused on DNA methylation and histone acetylation. More recently, genome-wide studies have identified histone and chromatin regulators as one of the most frequently dysregulated functional classes in a wide range of cancer types. These findings have provided numerous potential therapeutic targets including many that affect histone methylation. These include histone lysine methyltransferases such as enhancer of zeste homolog 2 and DOT1L, protein arginine methyltransferases such as protein arginine methyltransferase 5, and histone lysine demethylases such as lysine-specific demethylase 1. This review presents the rationale for targeting histone methylation in oncology and provides an update on a few key targets that are being investigated in the clinic.