bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do you write and present research well? 5 –revise sentences over 30 words long
Authors: Patience Gregory S. , Boffito Daria C. , Patience Paul A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Fewer words can be more powerful than many words. Identify boosting, metadiscourse, redundancy, hedging, feeble sentences, and convoluted expressions in the following sentence.[1] “It should be noted that while we have already mentioned the interaction of the implants with the tissue and will discuss later in this manuscript the effect of the regenerative therapies on the tissues, the possibility exists that the materials delivered to the interface may interact with the implant itself. We will briefly discuss this possibility now before moving forward with the rest of our discussion.”[2] What is the minimum number of words to express the same information?

less than 10: “Materials at the interface can interact with the implant.”
from 10 to 19
from 20 to 29
30 or more
Monocentric study of bile aspiration associated with biliary brushing performed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in 239 patients with symptomatic biliary stricture
Authors: Fior‐Gozlan Michèle , Giovannini Diane , Rabeyrin Maud , Mc Leer‐Florin Anne , Laverrière Marie‐Hélène , Bichard Philippe 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUNDThe cytologic diagnosis obtained by brushing or biopsy in malignant biliary strictures is considered to be highly specific but poorly sensitive. The diagnostic association of biliary brushing and bile exfoliate cytology has been suggested but is rarely performed in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of bile aspiration associated with biliary brushing during therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).METHODSFrom 2004 to 2009, 239 consecutive patients who underwent ERCP were included in the study. The biliary strictures were considered clinically benign in 26% of patients, uncertain in 25%, and malignant in 49%. The 298 cytologic samples collected were divided in 3 groups: bile aspiration alone (26%), biliary brushing alone (20%), and bile aspiration combined with brushing (54%). The definitive diagnosis of malignancy was obtained by biopsy, surgery, and fine‐needle aspiration or was determined by an unfavorable disease course.RESULTSThe cytologic diagnoses were as follows: 149 samples were benign (50%), 114 were malignant (38%), 34 had atypia (12%), and 1 had no diagnostic value. The procedure output values were as follows: for bile aspiration alone, sensitivity was 56.4%, specificity was 93.9%, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 91.7%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 64.6%; for brushing alone, sensitivity was 62.5%, both specificity and the PPV were 100%, and the NPV was 73%; and, for bile aspiration and brushing combined, sensitivity was 81%, both specificity and the PPV were 100%, and the NPV was 75%.CONCLUSIONSFor patients who have symptomatic biliary stricture, bile aspiration during ERCP is a simple and safe procedure. Bile aspiration combined with brushing significantly increases the yield of cytology for malignant biliary tumors (sensitivity, 81%), particularly in cholangiocarcinomas. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:330–9. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Systematic evaluation of peer‐to‐peer systems using PeerfactSim.KOM
Authors: Feldotto Matthias , Graffi Kalman 
Published: December 2015

SummaryComparative evaluations of peer‐to‐peer protocols through simulations are a viable approach to judge the performance and costs of the individual protocols in large‐scale networks. In order to support this work, we present the peer‐to‐peer system simulator PeerfactSim.KOM, which we extended over the last years. PeerfactSim.KOM comes with an extensive layer model to support various facets and protocols of peer‐to‐peer networking. In this article, we describe PeerfactSim.KOM and show how it can be used for detailed measurements of large‐scale peer‐to‐peer networks. We enhanced PeerfactSim.KOM with a fine‐grained analyzer concept, with exhaustive automated measurements and gnuplot generators as well as a coordination control to evaluate sets of experiment setups in parallel. Thus, by configuring all experiments and protocols only once and starting the simulator, all desired measurements are performed, analyzed, evaluated, and combined, resulting in a holistic environment for the comparative evaluation of peer‐to‐peer systems. An immediate comparison of different configurations and overlays under different aspects is possible directly after the execution without any manual post‐processing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic web worker pool management for highly parallel javascript web applications
Authors: Verdú Javier , Costa Juan José , Pajuelo Alex 
Published: December 2015

SummaryJavaScript web applications are improving performance mainly thanks to the inclusion of new standards by HTML5. Among others, web workers API allows multithreaded JavaScript web apps to exploit parallel processors. However, developers have difficulties to determine the minimum number of web workers that provide the highest performance. But even if developers found out this optimal number, it is a static value configured at the beginning of the execution. Because users tend to execute other applications in background, the estimated number of web workers could be non‐optimal, because it may overload or underutilize the system. In this paper, we propose a solution for highly parallel web apps to dynamically adapt the number of running web workers to the actual available resources, avoiding the hassle to estimate a static optimal number of threads. The solution consists in the inclusion of a web worker pool and a simple management algorithm in the web app. Even though there are co‐running applications, the results show our approach dynamically enables a number of web workers close to the optimal. Our proposal, which is independent of the web browser, overcomes the lack of knowledge of the underlying processor architecture as well as dynamic resources availability changes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AAH: accurate activity recognition of human beings using WiFi signals
Authors: Gu Yu , Quan Lianghu , Ren Fuji 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe flourishing social networks nowadays have greatly enriched our ways of communications and thus brought people in the world much closer than ever. However, critical contexts of the traditional face‐to‐face communications, for example, body gestures, could be missing during the online communication, hampering the user experiences. To fill in the blank, this paper presents a passive and devices‐free activity recognition system, by harvesting fingerprints of different activities from ubiquitous WiFi signals. It can be integrated into any existing WLAN networks without additional hardware supports. Also, it does not need the subjects to be cooperative during the recognition process. A prototype system is built and evaluated via extensive real‐world experiments. By comparing with three state‐of‐the art solutions, that is, K‐nearest neighbor, naive Bayes, and bagging, we show the superiority of the proposed method in terms of accuracy and complexity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospects of Colloidal Copper Chalcogenide Nanocrystals
Authors: van der Stam Ward , Berends Anne C. , de Mello Donega Celso 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOver the past few years, colloidal copper chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional Cd and Pb chalcogenide NCs. Owing to their wide size, shape, and composition tunability, Cu chalcogenide NCs hold great promise for several applications, such as photovoltaics, lighting and displays, and biomedical imaging. They also offer characteristics that are unparalleled by Cd and Pb chalcogenide NCs, such as plasmonic properties. Moreover, colloidal Cu chalcogenide NCs have low toxicity, potentially lower costs, and excellent colloidal stability. This makes them attractive materials for the large‐scale deployment of inexpensive, sustainable, and environmentally benign solution‐processed devices. Nevertheless, the synthesis of colloidal Cu chalcogenide NCs, especially that of ternary and quaternary compositions, has yet to reach the same level of mastery as that available for the prototypical Cd chalcogenide based NCs. This review provides a concise overview of this rapidly advancing field, sketching the state of the art and highlighting the key challenges. We discuss recent developments in the synthesis of size‐, shape‐, and composition‐controlled NCs of Cu chalcogenides, with emphasis in strategies to circumvent the limitations arising from the need to precisely balance the reactivities of multiple precursors in synthesizing ternary and quaternary compositions. In this respect, we show that topotactic cation‐exchange reactions are a promising alternative route to complex multinary Cu chalcogenide NCs and hetero‐NCs, which are not attainable by conventional routes. The properties and potential applications of Cu chalcogenide NCs and hetero‐NCs are also addressed.
Electric and Photoelectric Properties of 3,4–Ethylenedioxythiophene‐Functionalized n‐Si/PEDOT:PSS Junctions
Authors: Giesbrecht Patrick K. , Bruce Jared P. , Freund Michael S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOrganic/inorganic solid‐state junctions play a critical role in tandem artificial photosynthetic devices supported by conducting polymer membranes. Recent work with n‐Si/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hybrid junctions has shown that the electrical behavior is dominated by the passivating groups present on the silicon surface. In this work, the photovoltaic behavior of n‐Si/PEDOT:PSS was investigated with methyl, thiophene, and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) groups covalently attached to the Si(111) surface. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results demonstrated that complete monolayer coverage was achieved in 3 h and that the organic passivating groups were retained over two months of exposure to ambient conditions with minimal silicon oxidation. All surfaces investigated exhibited similar light‐limited photocurrents and bulk‐limited open‐circuit voltages, and thiophene produced a dramatic reduction of the fill factor attributed to the formation of trap states at the interface. Furthermore, shunt behavior observed near the power‐producing regions for the thiophene and EDOT surfaces is indicative of increased recombination events under forward bias and suggests that hole transport across the interface is enhanced. Thus, thiophene‐ and EDOT‐functionalized Si(111) offer similar stabilities and efficiencies to those of methylated surfaces as well as enhanced hole transport to the PEDOT:PSS interface from the n‐Si surfaces.
Preparation of CdS Nanoparticles from Thiosemicarbazone Complexes: Morphological Influence of Chlorido and Iodido Ligands
Authors: Pawar Amol S. , Masikane Siphamandla C. , Mlowe Sixberth , Garje Shivram S. , Revaprasadu Neerish 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCadmium(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis and IR and NMR spectroscopy. The complexes were then investigated as potential single‐source precursors for the synthesis of oleylamine‐capped cadmium sulfide nanoparticles by solvothermal decomposition. The resulting nanomaterials were characterized by powder XRD, TEM, HRTEM, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Peak broadening in the XRD patterns confirmed the presence of relatively small hexagonal CdS nanocrystals. The TEM studies evidenced that the chlorido precursors produced CdS nanostructures whose morphologies differed from those obtained from the iodido precursors. CdS nanoparticles in the form of cubes/spheres/rods and nanodendrite structures were obtained from CdCl2 and CdI2 thiosemicarbazone complexes, respectively. The UV/Vis spectra revealed that the as‐synthesized CdS nanoparticles exhibited a quantum effect due to their sharp band edges, which are blueshifted relative to those of bulk CdS. The size, morphology and shape of the nanoparticles were also shown to depend on the temperature of formation.
Photoactive Compounds Based on the Thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole Core and Their Application in Organic and Hybrid Photovoltaics
Authors: Reginato Gianna , Mordini Alessandro , Zani Lorenzo , Calamante Massimo , Dessì Alessio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazoles (TzTzs) are fused bicyclic heteroaromatic compounds characterized by a rigid planar backbone and an extended π‐conjugated electronic structure. Although they have been known for many decades, interest in their properties and applications has begun to increase only recently, after their incorporation into a series of active materials used in the field of organic electronics. Recently, the thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole scaffold has been inserted into new photoactive compounds (both small‐molecule compounds and polymers) used to build bulk‐heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs), as well as in new organic π dyes for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This microreview focuses on the preparation of such TzTz‐containing materials and their application in the field of organic and hybrid photovoltaics.
Copper Acetate Catalyzed Regio­selective Synthesis of Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles: A Versatile Azide–Alk­ene Cycloaddition/Oxidation Approach
Authors: Rohilla Sandeep , Patel Shyam Sunder , Jain Nidhi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA copper acetate catalyzed oxidative cycloaddition reaction of benzyl and aryl azides with terminal and internal olefins that contain electron‐withdrawing groups (COOR, CONH2, CN, CHO, COR) has been developed. The reaction employs air as the oxidant and does not require any base or additives to afford 1,4‐disubstituted and 1,4,5‐trisubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity.
Modular Catalytic Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐3‐aryl‐2‐oxindoles: Rh Catalysis with Isatin‐Derived N‐Boc‐Protected Ketimines
Authors: Marques Carolina S. , Burke Anthony J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractChiral 3‐amino‐3‐aryloxindoles are important biologically active compounds. Using a catalytic modular approach, 31 new 3‐amino‐3‐aryl‐2‐oxindoles were prepared by a simple Rh‐catalysed addition of arylboronic acids to isatin‐derived N‐Boc‐protected ketimines (Boc = tert‐butoxycarbonyl). A low catalyst loading of 3 mol‐% was used, and the reaction showed a wide scope with high functional‐group compatibility, and gave good yields. We report the first catalytic enantioselective reactions with this substrate. Deprotection of the Boc group was easily accomplished in good yields.
Copper‐Catalyzed Borylation of Cyclic Sulfamidates: Access to Enantiomerically Pure (β‐and γ‐Amino­alkyl)boronic Esters
Authors: Ursinyova Nina , Bedford Robin B. , Gallagher Timothy 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCyclic sulfamidates undergo borylation under copper‐catalyzed conditions using B2pin2 to give enantiomerically (and diasteromerically) defined (aminoalkyl)boronic esters. External iodide is essential, but the intermediacy of simple alkyl iodides has been excluded; N‐sulfated intermediates are key in the borylation sequence. Based on stereochemical studies and trapping experiments, the involvement of carbon‐centered radicals under these copper‐catalyzed conditions appears likely.
Access to Atropisomerically En­riched Biaryls by the Coupling of Aryllithiums with Arynes under Control by Homochiral Oxazolines
Authors: Yalcouye Boubacar , Berthelot‐Bréhier Anaïs , Augros David , Panossian Armen , Choppin Sabine , Chessé Matthieu , Colobert Françoise , Leroux Frédéric R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe report the preparation of axially stereoenriched biphenyls by the coupling of in situ generated aryllithiums and arynes using chiral oxazoline auxiliaries. The design of the aryne precursors, the choice of oxazoline and the reaction conditions were key to accessing the desired, highly substituted, atropisomerically enriched biarylic products. In one case, the two atropo‐diastereomers could be obtained in isomerically pure form by column chromatographic separation and their absolute configurations established by X‐ray crystallography. The stereoselectivity of the reaction seems to be governed by subtle parameters.
Electrochemical Characterization of Carbon Solidlike Paste Electrode Assembled Using Different Carbon Nanoparticles
Authors: Malha Seif Islam Rabie , Lahcen Abdellatif Ait , Arduini Fabiana , Ourari Ali , Amine Aziz 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSolid like carbon paste electrodes (SCPEs) are built using different carbon materials namely carbon black N110, N220, N375, N772 and acetylene black. The electrochemical behavior of these electrodes and the influence of carbon black/paraffin ratio were studied and the results were discussed and compared to other electrodes prepared with graphite, mesoporous carbon and nanopowder carbon. Cyclic voltammetry, amperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed for their electrochemical and analytical characterizations. Amperometric measurements using N110, N220, N375 SCPEs with solid paraffin, showed a linear response of benzoquinone concentration with a detection limit of 75, 32 and 171 nM respectively.
Microwave Thermolysis and Lipid Recovery from Dried Microalgae Powder for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Ali Mehmood , Watson Ian A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThird‐generation microalgae‐derived biodiesel has become increasingly important in recent years because of the depletion of fossil fuels and to reduce global dependence on oil from crop sources that may use or displace agricultural land for food crops. This work investigates the microwave treatment of dried microalgae powder to improve the oil extraction efficacy. This study has revealed that the lipid yield from Nannochloropsis oculata dried powder with microwave thermal treatment at 50 % microwave power (443 W) was greater than that with 100 % power (943 W). However, the efficacy of the cell wall destruction after 5 min microwave thermal treatment at full power was higher (70.0±2.30 %) than that at 50 % power (46.0±2.05 %). The greatest lipid yield at 943 W was achieved with 1 min treatment, 0.093±0.001 g g−1 of dry algae weight, with 17.3±1.19 % cell lysis at 42.2 °C. Initially, the lipid content yield increased from 0.082±0.002 to 0.093±0.001 g g−1 dry algae weight compared to the control sample (with no treatment applied). With the increase in temperature, the lipid yield was reduced because of oxidation at elevated temperatures. With the reduced power setting (443 W), the highest lipid yield of 0.149±0.003 g g−1 of dry algae weight was achieved after 5 min of treatment, with 46.0±2.05 % cell lysis at 58.5 °C. Statistically, the treatment time and temperature are correlated strongly to the extracted lipid yield. The kinetic study showed that the rate constant for lipid extraction with microwave pre‐treatment was higher at 443 W compared to the control sample and the higher microwave power level. The extracted lipid was analysed and found to have physical and chemical properties that were comparable to those of vegetable seed oils and they were suitable for use as a feedstock to produce biodiesel.
Coupled horizontal–vertical stability of bearings under dynamic loading
Authors: Vemuru Venkata S. M. , Nagarajaiah Satish , Mosqueda Gilberto 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIn this study, the coupled horizontal–vertical behavior of elastomeric bearings subjected to dynamic loading is studied in detail. Under extreme dynamic loading, elastomeric bearings exhibit unstable behavior and an instantaneous loss of horizontal stiffness that is recoverable. Building on an earlier study where the authors developed an analytical model for the horizontal behavior of bearings under dynamic loads, in this study, a new analytical model for the coupled horizontal–vertical behavior of the bearings is developed. The coupled behavior of the bearing is first studied for quasi‐static loading, and later, the behavior of the bearings under dynamic loading is studied. A clear distinction is made between different types of deformation the bearing undergoes in the vertical direction. Based on experimental results, it is observed that the behavior of the bearings under dynamic loading differs markedly from that observed under static loading. A new analytical model is proposed that can account for the coupled horizontal–vertical behavior of the bearings under dynamic loading. The proposed analytical model for predicting the post‐stability vertical behavior of the bearings is verified using experimental results. The model proposed is found to successfully predict the coupled horizontal–vertical behavior of elastomeric bearings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of seismic potential failure modes in concrete dams
Authors: Hariri‐Ardebili Mohammad Amin , Saouma Victor. E. , Porter Keith A. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryA comprehensive framework for potential failure modes (PFM) identification and quantification of concrete dams subjected to seismic excitation is presented. A quantifiable indicator of PFM is presented in the context of both linear and nonlinear analyses. As an illustrative example, a thin arch dam subjected to a set of ground motions at different seismic intensity levels is investigated and corresponding PFM quantified.An outcome of this analysis is the probabilistic‐based correlation between linear and nonlinear analyses and identification of the optimal intensity measure parameter. This study, is an adaptation and extension of well‐accepted procedures defined by the performance‐based earthquake engineering paradigm in buildings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies in Convergence? Post‐Crisis Effects on Corporate Rescue and the Influence of Social Policy: The EU and the USA
Authors: Gant Jennifer L. L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe financial crisis and the sovereign debt crisis that it precipitated in a number of peripheral EU Member States heralded massive changes in insolvency, corporate rescue and employment protection policies. The US and the EU both suffered greatly in the wake of the crisis, but their recoveries have occurred along very different tracks. The US has managed to regain much of its position in terms of relative growth and the UK has outpaced the recoveries of those European countries that are members of the European Monetary Union. The purpose of this treatise is to explore the context of the 2007–2008 financial crisis in the US and in the EU and its impact on legal reform in corporate rescue and restructuring as well as those aspects of social policy implicated within insolvency systems (notably collective redundancy and transfers of undertakings). It will also consider whether or not the corporate rescue and employee protection systems can be seen to be converging, and whether, in view of the different socio‐economic, political and cultural aspects of the US and the EU, such convergence might be beneficial. Copyright © 2015 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.