bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DA PROPAGANDA DE MEDICAMENTOS DIRIGIDA A PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE
Authors: Abdalla Marcela Campos Esqueff , Castilho Selma Rodrigues de 
Published: August 2017

A propaganda de medicamentos consiste na divulgação do produto pela indústria farmacêutica, com ênfase na marca, visando a promover sua prescrição e/ou aquisição. Essa prática deve cumprir os preceitos legais vigentes determinados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar peças publicitárias de medicamentos disponibilizadas pela indústria dirigidas aos profissionais de saúde. A captação de peças publicitárias ocorreu em consultórios médicos de diversas especialidades, hospitais públicos e privados e revistas direcionadas a profissionais de saúde. A análise das peças coletadas envolveu a verificação da legibilidade e visualização de informações obrigatórias, bem como o atendimento da legislação sanitária que regulamenta a promoção e publicidade de medicamentos no Brasil – Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada n. 96/2008. Os resultados demonstraram que nenhuma peça cumpre a legislação sanitária na íntegra. A maioria das indústrias emprega estratégias que dificultam o acesso a informações de restrição de uso do medicamento, como contraindicações, por exemplo, constituindo um obstáculo ao uso racional. Também foi observada a presença de indicações outras que não as aprovadas pela agência, bem como indicação de uso para faixas etárias diferentes das especificadas no registro do produto. É evidente a necessidade de um novo modelo fiscalizador e regulador mais rígido, que priorize, acima de todos os interesses particulares, um interesse maior, que é o da sociedade. Esta deve ser protegida da propaganda enganosa e abusiva, sendo conscientizada sobre o uso racional do medicamento.
Randomized Comparison of Ridaforolimus- and Zotarolimus-Eluting Coronary Stents in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kandzari David E. , Smits Pieter C. , Love Michael P. , Ben-Yehuda Ori , Banai Shmuel , Robinson Simon D. , Jonas Michael , Kornowski Ran , Bagur Rodrigo , Iniguez Andres , Danenberg Haim , Feldman Robert , Jauhar Rajiv , Chandna Harish , Parikh Manish , Perlman Gidon Y. , Balcells Mercedes , Markham Peter , Ozan Melek Ozgu , Genereux Philippe , Edelman Elazer R. , Leon Martin B. , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The safety and efficacy of a novel cobalt alloy-based coronary stent with a durable elastomeric polymer eluting the antiproliferative agent ridaforolimus for treatment of patients with coronary artery disease is undetermined.

Methods:
A prospective, international 1:1 randomized trial was conducted to evaluate in a noninferiority design the relative safety and efficacy of ridaforolimus-eluting stents (RESs) and slow-release zotarolimus-eluting stents among 1919 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention at 76 centers. Inclusion criteria allowed enrollment of patients with recent myocardial infarction, total occlusions, bifurcations lesions, and other complex conditions.

Results:

Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar between the groups. Overall, mean age was 63.4 years, 32.5% had diabetes mellitus, and 39.7% presented with acute coronary syndromes. At 12 months, the primary end point of target lesion failure (composite of cardiac death, target vessel-related myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization) was 5.4% for both devices (upper bound of 1-sided 95% confidence interval 1.8%,
P
noninferiority
=0.001). Definite/probable stent thrombosis rates were low in both groups (0.4% RES versus 0.6% zotarolimus-eluting stent,
P
=0.75); 13-month angiographic in-stent late lumen loss was 0.22±0.41 mm and 0.23±0.39 mm (
P
noninferiority
=0.004) for the RES and zotarolimus-eluting stent groups, respectively, and intravascular ultrasound percent neointimal hyperplasia was 8.10±5.81 and 8.85±7.77, respectively (
P
noninferiority
=0.01).

Conclusions:
In the present trial, which allowed broad inclusion criteria, the novel RESs met the prespecified criteria for noninferiority compared with zotarolimus-eluting stents for the primary end point of target lesion failure at 12 months and had similar measures of late lumen loss. These findings support the safety and efficacy of RESs in patients who are representative of clinical practice.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01995487.
Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Long‐Term Changes in Aortic Stiffness: The Whitehall II Study
Authors: Ahmadi‐Abhari Sara , Sabia Severine , Shipley Martin J. , Kivimäki Mika , Singh‐Manoux Archana , Tabak Adam , McEniery Carmel , Wilkinson Ian B. , Brunner Eric J. 
Published: August 2017

Background
Physical activity is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk, mainly through effects on atherosclerosis. Aortic stiffness may be an alternative mechanism. We examined whether patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior are associated with rate of aortic stiffening.

Methods and Results

Carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (
PWV
) was measured twice using applanation tonometry at mean ages 65 (in 2008/2009) and 70 (in 2012/2013) years in the Whitehall‐
II
study (N=5196). Physical activity was self‐reported at
PWV
baseline (2008/2009) and twice before (in 1997/1999 and 2002/2003). Sedentary time was defined as sitting time watching television or at work/commute. Linear mixed models adjusted for metabolic and lifestyle risk factors were used to analyze
PWV
change. Mean (
SD
)
PWV
(m/s) was 8.4 (2.4) at baseline and 9.2 (2.7) at follow‐up, representing a 5‐year increase of 0.76 m/s (95%
CI
0.69, 0.83). A smaller 5‐year increase in
PWV
was observed for each additional hour/week spent in sports activity (−0.02 m/s [95%
CI
−0.03, −0.001]) or cycling (−0.02 m/s [−0.03, −0.008]). Walking, housework, gardening, or do‐it‐yourself activities were not significantly associated with aortic stiffening. Each additional hour/week spent sitting was associated with faster
PWV
progression in models adjusted for physical activity (0.007 m/s [95%
CI
0.001, 0.013]). Increasing physical activity over time was associated with a smaller subsequent increase in
PWV
(−0.16 m/s [−0.32, −0.002]) compared with not changing activity levels.

Conclusions
Higher levels of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity and avoidance of sedentary behavior were each associated with a slower age‐related progression of aortic stiffness independent of conventional vascular risk factors.
Trajectories in Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Risk of Stroke in Women in the California Teachers Study
Authors: Willey Joshua Z. , Voutsinas Jenna , Sherzai Ayesha , Ma Huiyan , Bernstein Leslie , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Cheung Ying K. , Wang Sophia S. 
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose—
Whether changes in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) over time are associated with lower risk of stroke is not well established. We examined the association between changes in self-reported LTPA 10 years apart, with risk of incident stroke in the CTS (California Teachers Study). We hypothesized that the risk of stroke would be lowest among those who remained active.

Methods—
Sixty-one thousand two hundred and fifty-six CTS participants reported LTPA at 2 intensity levels (moderate and strenuous activity) at 2 time points (baseline 1995–96; 10-year follow-up 2005–2006). LTPA at each intensity level was categorized based on American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations (moderate, >150 minutes/week; strenuous, >75 minutes/week). Changes in LTPA were summarized as follows: (1) not meeting recommendations at both time points; (2) meeting recommendations only at follow-up; (3) meeting recommendations only at baseline; and (4) meeting recommendations at both time points. Incident strokes were identified through California state hospitalization records. Using multivariable Cox models, we examined the associations between changes in LTPA with incident stroke.

Results—
Nine hundred and eighty-seven women were diagnosed with stroke who completed both questionnaires. Meeting AHA recommendations at both the time points was associated with a lower risk of all stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–0.98). The protective effects for stroke were driven by meeting AHA recommendations for moderate activity and largely observed for ischemic strokes (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.88).

Conclusions—
Meeting AHA recommendations for moderate activity had a protective effect for reducing ischemic stroke risk. Participants who met AHA recommendations at baseline but not at follow-up, however, were not afforded reduced stroke risk.
Begonia ufoides (sect. Coelocentrum, Begoniaceae), a new species from limestone areas in central Guangxi, China
Authors: QIN YONG-HUA , LIANG YONG-YAN , XU WEI-BIN , LIN CHE-WEI , PENG CHING-I 
Published: August 2017

A peltate-leaved species of Begonia was recently collected from a limestone hill in central Guangxi, China. Based on a careful study of literature, herbarium material, and plants both in the wild and in cultivation reveals that it is a new species of Begonia sect. Coelocentrum, which we hereby describe as B. ufoides. In addition to a full taxonomic account, color plates and line drawings are provided to aid in identification. Begonia ufoides may be confused with B. umbraculifolia Y. Wan & B.N. Chang in southwestern Guangxi and B. phuthoensis H.Q. Nguyen in northern Vietnam, both of which are peltate-leaved calciphilous species in sect. Coelocentrum, but the new species is clearly distinguishable in many morphological characters. A table comparing salient features of the three species is presented.
Evaluation of Snow Water Equivalent in NARCCAP Simulations, Including Measures of Observational Uncertainty
Authors: McCrary Rachel R. , McGinnis Seth , Mearns Linda O. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This study evaluates snow water equivalent (SWE) over North America in the reanalysis-driven NARCCAP regional climate model (RCM) experiments. Examination of SWE in these runs allows for the identification of bias due to RCM configuration, separate from inherited GCM bias. SWE from the models is compared to SWE from a new ensemble observational product to evaluate the RCMs’ ability to capture the magnitude, spatial distribution, duration, and timing of the snow season. This new dataset includes data from 14 different sources in five different types. Consideration of the associated uncertainty in observed SWE strongly influences the appearance of bias in RCM-generated SWE. Of the six NARCCAP RCMs, the version of MM5 run by Iowa State University (MM5I) is found to best represent SWE despite its use of the Noah land surface model. CRCM overestimates SWE because of cold temperature biases and surface temperature parameterization options, while RegCM3 (RCM3) does so because of excessive precipitation. HadRM3 (HRM3) underestimates SWE because of warm temperature biases, while in the version of WRF using the Grell scheme (WRFG) and ECPC-RSM (ECP2), the misrepresentation of snow in the Noah land surface model plays the dominant role in SWE bias, particularly in ECP2 where sublimation is too high.
Becoming a patient-illness representations of depression of Anglo-Australian and Sri Lankan patients through the lens of Leventhal’s illness representational model
Authors: Antoniades Josefine , Mazza Danielle , Brijnath Bianca 
Published: August 2017

Background: Depression is prevalent globally. While the uptake of mental health services is poor in the general community, the lack of service engagement is particularly profound in migrant and refugee communities. To understand why there is under-utilisation cross-cultural comparisons of how people make sense of mental illnesses such as depression are essential. Aims: To verify how differing cultural aetiologies about depression influence mental health service use, this study investigated illness representational models of depression held by Sri Lankan migrants and Anglo-Australians living with depression. Methods: In-depth interviews ( n = 48) were conducted with Sri Lankan migrants and Anglo-Australians living with depression to explore their illness beliefs. Data were analysed using Leventhal’s illness representational model. Results: Significant overlaps in illness representational models were noted but distinctive differences were found between causal and chronicity beliefs; Sri Lankan migrants more frequently endorsed depression as a time-limited condition underpinned by situational factors, whereas Anglo-Australians endorsed a chronic, biopsychosocial model of depression. Discussion and conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of forging a shared understanding of patient beliefs in the clinical encounter to ensure that interventions are coherent with illness beliefs or at least work towards improving mental health literacy. Differences in illness beliefs also provide insights into possible interventions. For example, psychosocial interventions that align with their illness beliefs may be more suited to Sri Lankan migrants than pharmaceutical or psychological ones.
Attitudes within the general population towards seeking professional help in cases of mental distress
Authors: Roskar Saska , Bracic Mark Floyd , Kolar Urska , Lekic Ksenija , Juricic Nusa Konec , Grum Alenka Tancic , Dobnik Bogdan , Postuvan Vita , Vatovec Mojca 
Published: August 2017

Background: Although effective treatment is available for a variety of mental disorders, the treatment and help-seeking gap remains high. One of the main obstacles to help-seeking behaviour is prevailing stigmatizing attitudes. Aim: To examine attitudes within the general population towards seeking professional help in times of mental distress. Methods: A representative general population survey ( N = 594) was conducted in Slovenia by means of an Internet-based questionnaire, covering data on demographic variables and attitudes towards help-seeking behaviour. Results: More stigmatizing attitudes towards help-seeking behaviour were found in men, single persons, those of a younger age and lower educational achievement and in respondents coming from regions with a high suicide rate. Furthermore, 52.50% of the total sample have had an experience with psychological problems, yet only 41.50% of those have sought professional help. Experience with help-seeking behaviour in the past was associated with less stigmatizing attitudes. Conclusion: Knowledge and understanding of mental health problems are necessary prerequisites to seeking help, but not the only ones. To improve help-seeking behaviour, it is also important to combat stigmatizing attitudes. Additionally, destigmatizing campaigns should also focus on social norms.
Measurement of gaseous microemboli in the prime before the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Husebråten Inger M. , Fiane Arnt E. , Ringdal Mari-Anne I.L. , Thiara Amrit P.S. 
Published: August 2017

Introduction: The use of cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with a risk of neurocognitive deficit caused by gaseous microemboli. Flushing the empty bypass circuit with carbon dioxide, which is more soluble than air, may reduce the amount of gaseous microemboli in the priming solution before the initiating of cardiopulmonary bypass. Method: We measured the amount of gaseous microemboli in twenty primed bypass circuits. Ten circuits were flushed with carbon dioxide before being primed and ten circuits were non-flushed. All circuits in both groups were primed with crystalloid priming. An ultrasonic clinical bubble counter was used to count gaseous microemboli in the prime for 20 minutes. Results: The median numbers of gaseous microemboli counts were highest during the first minute in both groups, with a significantly lower median value in the group flushed with carbon dioxide (397.5) versus the non-flushed group (1900). In the 20th minute, the median values of gaseous microemboli were significantly lower (p<0.023) in the flushed (0.5) versus non-flushed (10.75) groups. The gaseous microembolic count in the flushed group remained lower than in the non-flushed group when tested minute by minute throughout the whole 20-minute period. Conclusion: Flushing the bypass circuits with carbon dioxide before priming significantly decreased the number of gaseous microemboli in the priming solution.
Death anxiety interventions in patients with advanced cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Grossman Christopher H , Brooker Joanne , Michael Natasha , Kissane David 
Published: August 2017

Background: Death anxiety is a common issue in adult patients with advanced cancer and can have a large impact on quality of life and end-of-life care. Interventions are available to assist but are scarcely used in everyday practice. Aim: To assess quantitative studies on interventions for adult patients with advanced cancer suffering from death anxiety. Data sources: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and CINAHL were searched to identify quantitative or mixed studies on death anxiety or relatable existential intervention studies in advanced cancer patients published from 1990 to December 2016. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and assessed relevant studies for eligibility. Data were then extracted from included studies for analysis. Results: Nine unique quantitative studies were identified, including five randomised controlled trials, involving a total overall of 1179 advanced cancer patients. All studies were psychotherapeutic in nature and centred on existential themes such as meaning, dignity, relationships and spiritual well-being. The therapies investigated shared overlapping themes but varied in duration, therapist experience, training required and burden on patient. Heterogeneity of studies and measures prevented determination of an overall effect size. Conclusion: Interventions were identified for this clinical scenario of death anxiety in patients with advanced cancer. Therapies of short duration incorporating spiritual well-being and those evoking a sense of meaning were claimed to be the most beneficial, despite lacking rigorous statistical analysis. More high-quality studies with tailored outcome measures are required to fully evaluate the most effective interventions for death anxiety in patients with advanced cancer.
Distribution of dental plaque and gingivitis within the dental arches
Authors: Sreenivasan Prem K. , Prasad Kakarla V.V. 
Published: August 2017

Objective The natural accumulation of supragingival plaque on surfaces of human teeth is associated with gingival inflammation and the initiation of common oral diseases. This study evaluated the distribution of dental plaque and gingivitis scores within the dental arches after prophylaxis. Methods Adult subjects from the Dharwad, India area representing the general population who provided written informed consent were scheduled for screening. Healthy subjects over the age of 18 years, not currently requiring any medical or dental care, and presenting with a complement of at least 20 natural teeth were recruited for this parallel design study. Enrolled subjects (n = 41) underwent oral examinations for dental plaque (PI) and gingivitis (GI) using the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein and the Löe-Silness Index, respectively, at the baseline visit, followed by a whole mouth dental prophylaxis. Subjects were given fluoride toothpaste for twice daily oral hygiene for the next 30 days. Subjects were recalled on days 15 and 30 for PI and GI examinations identical to baseline. Results Analyses indicated that mean scores for PI and GI on either arch and the whole mouth were higher than 2 and 1, respectively, during all examinations. Anterior surfaces consistently exhibited lower PI scores than posterior regions of either arch, or the entire dentition. Regional GI differences within the dentition were similar to PI scores, with lower scores on anterior than posterior teeth. Prophylaxis reduced both the frequency and mean scores of both PI and GI, irrespective of arch, with lower scores observed on anterior than posterior regions during all recall visits. Molar and lingual regions consistently exhibited higher PI and GI scores compared with anterior surfaces. At all examinations, mean scores for both plaque and gingivitis were higher on approximal vestibular than mid-vestibular surfaces. Conclusions Differences observed in PI and GI within the dentition have several practical implications: (a) there are advantages of whole mouth assessments for oral health (b) a need for oral hygiene formulations to reduce the larger deposits of dental plaque in the posterior region and resultant gingival inflammation, and (c) a requirement for ongoing oral hygiene education.
Case report: Wallenberg’s syndrome, a possible cause of symptomatic epicrania fugax
Authors: Jaimes Alex , García-Sáez Rafael , Gutiérrez-Viedma Álvaro , Cuadrado María-Luz 
Published: August 2017

Background Epicrania fugax has been described as a primary headache. Nevertheless, a symptomatic form was recently found in a patient with a skull base meningioma abutting the trigeminal nerve. Here we report on a patient with facial pain with the features of epicrania fugax occurring after Wallenberg’s syndrome. Case report A 53-year-old man suffered a right-sided dorsolateral medullary ischaemic stroke. Nine months later, he presented with brief electric shock-like paroxysms of pain stemming from the right eye and radiating to the ipsilateral forehead, the temple or the cheek in a zigzag trajectory. Some episodes were accompanied by ipsilateral conjunctival injection and eyelid oedema. Treatment with eslicarbazepine abolished the pain. Conclusion A pain with the features of epicrania fugax may be associated with medullary lesions. This finding suggests that the central trigeminal pathways and/or the spinal trigeminal nucleus may play an important role in the pathophysiology of this type of pain.
Undetected Peripheral Arterial Disease Among Older Adults With Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias
Authors: Tasci Ilker , Safer Umut , Naharci Mehmet Ilkin , Gezer Mustafa , Demir Orhan , Bozoglu Ergun , Doruk Huseyin 
Published: August 2017

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was reported to increase the risk of dementia(s) even more than stroke. We assessed the prevalence of PAD in a group with definite diagnosis of dementia. Methods: Patients aged 65 years or older with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), or AD-VaD were enrolled (n = 162, mean age: 78.87 [6.05] years). An age- and gender-matched control group was also included (n = 190). Peripheral arterial disease was diagnosed by the ankle–brachial index. Results: Frequency of PAD among patients with and without dementia was 35.2% and 16.3%, respectively ( P < .001), being similar among different types of dementia. After adjustment for covariates, dementia (odds ratio: 2.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.34-4.32; P = .003) was among the predictors of PAD diagnosis along with older age, female gender, and diabetes. Conclusions: The prevalence of PAD was more than double in patients with dementia, with no difference among AD, VaD, and AD-VaD types.