bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clean and Dirty of Redesigning Reprocessing Instructions for Use
Authors: Choi Julia , Seraphina Stephanie , Knudsen Kate 
Published: May 2017

Over the last decade, the human factors (HF) community has actively worked to improve use safety and effectiveness into design. Yet, an area that has been neglected is reprocessing of reusable devices. Intuitive Surgical, manufacturer of da Vinci robotics surgical systems, recently redesigned reprocessing instructions for use (IFU) incorporating an HF process and iterative design. It may appear that reprocessing is simply another design effort where the standard human factors process is applied. However, it is essential to consider the intersection of hospitals’ needs and limitations, the actual requirements for effective cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization, regulatory requirements, and the manufacturer’s maturity in developing instructions. The redesign effort involved a process based on user-centered design with interdisciplinary team inputs. The focus was on improving comprehension and performance through the use of simple illustrated steps, concise text, improved headings, workflow aids, and intuitive navigation. In addition, a workflow-based use error risk analysis identified critical tasks, and was used to guide the redesign. Eight (8) reprocessing IFUs were revised simultaneously for two (2) robotics platforms, adding to the challenge. The IFUs addressed reprocessing for robotic surgical endoscopes, instruments, and accessories. The reprocessing of robotic devices is complex, requiring multiple steps that are at times inconsistent between devices. An iterative process was used for drafting versions of the IFUs, conducting usability testing, making improvements to the IFUs, and then in retesting. A final validation test was conducted and provided evidence for the use safety and effectiveness of the IFUs. Throughout the redesign process, challenges were encountered, which required solutions through cross-functional alignment. As IFUs are part of the user experience, the process and design elements described may help guide the development of usable IFUs, and are shared in a broader context to help further improve experiences for user and patients.
Medical Device Design: Applying a Human-Centered Design Methodology
Authors: Bowman Matthew L. , Taylor Gina A. , McDonagh Deana , Labriola Leanne T. , Pan Dipanjan 
Published: May 2017

The OcuCheck is a novel ocular device that will disrupt the healthcare industry by reducing the need for Slit Lamps when evaluating corneal integrity. Ocular leaks should be detected and repaired quickly for the best vision outcomes. Patient comfort, user needs, and usability informed the design of the device. Key design objectives included ease of use by persons with all levels of skill, portability, and the ability to assess the patient regardless of the patient’s position or level of consciousness. We utilized a human-centric design approach, driven by the needs of both the patient and medical professionals, to elicit visual cues, patterns of behavior, and product design opportunities. We incorporated sociology, ergonomics, sustainability, human factors, business models, and marketing into the development process early on and worked in parallel with the engineers to integrate the needs of the user from the very beginning. Design, research, and prototype testing were focused upon use of materials, patient needs, ease of use, scale, location of device when not in use, and product protocols. Rather than simply creating a utilitarian solution we strove to pre-empt usability and implementation challenges through use of empathy.
UI Form design considerations for ergonomists evaluating computer workstations
Authors: Yagjian Allen S. 
Published: May 2017

A professional ergonomist performing a workplace evaluation identifies risk factors and provides recommendations to mitigate these risks. This system involves analysis of the interaction between a human subject and the subject’s computer based work environment. Since the data required to be collected is more than the average person can keep in their short term memory, it is safe to say the ergonomist will need to record observations. This will have to be done while simultaneously interacting with the employee performing work. Human-computer interaction is observed by the ergonomist, but ergonomists themselves also use a computer or tablet to take records and produce a report. The interaction and interface of the data collection form for ergonomic evaluations should cater to the needs and capabilities of the ergonomist in the field (Kim, 2015) and so it is not a surprise that most forms are designed by the ergonomists themselves. These forms are also typically tailored to the type of task being evaluated (i.e. computer, laboratory, industrial) because each of their environments have particular equipment or tools these need to be recorded. For example, a computer workstation will include a chair, desk, displays, etc. while a lap will have a stool chair, bench height seating, rack, flow hood, etc. This paper will describe key user-interface form design considerations for office ergonomic evaluation forms with the purpose of optimizing the user-experience for an ergonomic professional. Applications include the use of a form on a laptop computer, tablet, or phone in a computer workstation environment. This paper will consider factors related to the working environment, reliability, input requirements, form structure and flow, and front end to back end management agents. The goal of any interface is to be intuitive enough that it would require minimal familiarization to be reliably implemented (Norman, 2002). As users gain familiarity with the form entries, the ergonomist can benefit from increased speed, accuracy and consistency of their evaluations. The report generated by these completed forms can be utilized in legal and workers compensation cases and therefore they require special consideration in the way the questions are phrased and ordered to reduce potential for error and opportunities to place blame. This added complexity makes their design more than a simple task. Guidelines are included in this article that will proactively assist ergonomists in designing effective forms.
Looking Through the Patients’ Eyes
Authors: Carretta Elisa , Bond Trevor G , Cappiello Giuseppe , Fantini Maria Pia 
Published: May 2017

Objective: Patient satisfaction is a personal evaluation of health-care services that is often used as an indicator of quality of care. The aim of this study was to identify aspects of hospital care that affect patient satisfaction by examining the structural and convergent validity of an in-house questionnaire. Methods: The sample consisted of 3320 patients discharged from an Italian public hospital. The questionnaire included items exploring communication with nurses and physicians, pain management, quality of accommodation, and discharge information. Data were analyzed using the Rasch model. Results: From the patients’ perspective, the number of response options was excessive and the questionnaire proved to have both medical and accommodation dimensions. Patients, on average, gave higher satisfaction scores to the medical dimension over the accommodation dimension. Higher satisfaction was associated with kindness and courtesy of the nursing staff, doctors’ courtesy, and the quality of bed linen. Conclusion: The results support the administration of the questionnaire but suggest change in the hospital’s analytical procedures in order to match the drivers of satisfaction as seen by the patients.
Rp58 and p27kip1 coordinate cell cycle exit and neuronal migration within the embryonic mouse cerebral cortex
Authors: Clément Olivier , Hemming Isabel Anne , Gladwyn-Ng Ivan Enghian , Qu Zhengdong , Li Shan Shan , Piper Michael , Heng Julian Ik-Tsen 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
During the development of the mammalian cerebral cortex, newborn postmitotic projection neurons are born from local neural stem cells and must undergo radial migration so as to position themselves appropriately to form functional neural circuits. The zinc finger transcriptional repressor Rp58 (also known as Znf238 or Zbtb18) is critical for coordinating corticogenesis, but its underlying molecular mechanism remains to be better characterised.

Findings
Here, we demonstrate that the co-expression of Rp58 and the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) p27kip1 is important for E14.5-born cortical neurons to coordinate cell cycle exit and initiate their radial migration. Notably, we find that the impaired radial positioning of Rp58-deficient cortical neurons within the embryonic (E17.5) mouse cortex, as well as their multipolar to bipolar transition from the intermediate zone to the cortical plate can be restored by forced expression of p27kip1 in concert with suppression of Rnd2, a downstream target gene of Rp58. Furthermore, the restorative effects of p27kip1 and Rnd2 abrogation are reminiscent of suppressing RhoA signalling in Rp58-deficient cells.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate functional interplay between a transcriptional regulator and a CDKI to mediate neuroprogenitor cell cycle exit, as well as to promote radial migration through a molecular mechanism consistent with suppression of RhoA signalling.
Adhesion and friction of the smooth attachment system of the cockroachGromphadorhina portentosaand the influence of the application of fluid adhesives
Authors: Betz Oliver , Frenzel Melina , Steiner Michael , Vogt Martin , Kleemeier Malte , Hartwig Andreas , Sampalla Benjamin , Rupp Frank , Boley Moritz , Schmitt Christian 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTTwo different measurement techniques were applied to study the attachment of the smooth foot pads of the Madagascar hissing cockroach Gromphadorhina portentosa. The attachment of the non-manipulated adhesive organs was compared with that of manipulated ones (depletion or substitution by artificial secretions). From measurements of the friction on a centrifuge, it can be concluded that on nanorough surfaces, the insect appears to benefit from employing emulsions instead of pure oils to avoid excessive friction. Measurements performed with a nanotribometer on single attachment organs showed that, in the non-manipulated euplantulae, friction was clearly increased in the push direction, whereas the arolium of the fore tarsus showed higher friction in the pull direction. The surface of the euplantulae shows an imbricate appearance, whereupon the ledges face distally, which might contribute to the observed frictional anisotropy in the push direction. Upon depletion of the tarsal adhesion-mediating secretion or its replacement by oily fluids, in several cases, the anisotropic effect of the euplantula disappeared due to the decrease of friction forces in push-direction. In the euplantulae, adhesion was one to two orders of magnitude lower than friction. Whereas the tenacity was slightly decreased with depleted secretion, it was considerably increased after artificial application of oily liquids. In terms of adhesion, it is concluded that the semi-solid consistence of the natural adhesion-mediating secretion facilitates the detachment of the tarsus during locomotion. In terms of friction, on smooth to nanorough surfaces, the insects appear to benefit from employing emulsions instead of pure oils to avoid excessive friction forces, whereas on rougher surfaces the tarsal fluid rather functions in improving surface contact by keeping the cuticle compliable and compensating surface asperities of the substratum.
The Dynamic Spillovers of Entry: An Application to the Generic Drug Industry
Authors: Ronald Gallant A. , Hong Han , Khwaja Ahmed 
Published: May 2017

This paper examines whether experience from entry in one market can potentially enhance profitability at a future market opportunity for a related product. We formulate and estimate a dynamic game of entry in which forward-looking firms make decisions not just based on present benefits of past entry but also anticipating potential future benefits of current entry. Dynamic spillovers of entry are incorporated through a firm-specific unobservable (to the researcher) cost that depends on past entry decisions. The unobserved costs may also be serially persistent. Thus, the model allows for firm-specific unobserved heterogeneity that evolves based on firm actions. The challenge of estimating a dynamic game with serially correlated unobserved state variables subject to endogenous feedback is overcome by embedding a particle filter-based technique in a nested fixed-point algorithm. Using an application to a stylized model of entry in the generic pharmaceutical industry, we underscore the motivation for the model specification and the methodology developed. Our estimates imply positive spillover effects of entry. Moreover, these spillovers suggest heterogeneity not just across firms but also within firms over time based on their history of entry decisions. Our results illustrate that entry may potentially provide firms with additional strategic advantage in later markets and that entry spillovers may be an important factor to consider in the equilibrium evolution of the generic drug industry.The web appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2648 .This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Online Auctions and Multichannel Retailing
Authors: Kuruzovich Jason , Etzion Hila 
Published: May 2017

The Internet enables sellers to offer products through multiple channels simultaneously. In particular, many sellers utilize online auctions in parallel to an offline channel in which they offer the item for a fixed price. Using search theory, we develop an analytical model for studying sellers’ pricing decisions and auction outcomes in the context of such multichannel retailing. Our analytical model provides a framework for studying how characteristics of the demand in an offline retail sales channel impact the seller’s optimal reserve price in the auction channel, the probability that an auction ends in a sale, the probability that an item is sold through the auction channel, and the auction expected sale price. We then utilize data from eBay Motors auctions and examine empirically how the quality of a sellers’ retail location impacts the seller’s auctions outcomes. The results of our empirical analysis match the predictions of the analytical model. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2732 . This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Longitudinal change in foot posture in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Church C. , Lennon N. , Alton R. , Schwartz J. , Niiler T. , Henley J. , Miller F. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose Foot deformities are common in children with cerebral palsy (CP), yet the evolution of such deformities is not well documented. We aimed to observe and analyse changes in foot posture during growth in children with CP. Methods We followed 51 children (16 unilateral, 35 bilateral; 37 Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) I/II, 14 III/IV) aged two to 12 years in this level II, IRB-approved prospective longitudinal study. Data after bony foot corrections were excluded. Outcome measures included coronal plane pressure index (CPPI) and pressure impulses from the heel, medial midfoot and medial forefoot. Data were LOESS smoothed and resulting models were compared for significant differences across time using a derived FANOVA method. Results The GMFCS I/II group had more foot valgus than typically developing (TD) children until seven years which normalised thereafter. From two to 12 years, GMFCS III/IV children had more foot valgus than TD children. Heel impulse was significantly reduced in both GMFCS groups compared with TD children, and the III/IV group had less heel contact than the I/II group. Conclusions Due to early variability and the tendency for resolving valgus foot posture in children with CP, conservative management of coronal plane foot deformity is suggested in early childhood, especially for children classified as GMFCS I and II.
Increasing rates of surgical treatment for paediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures: A National Database Study from 2000 to 2012
Authors: Cruz A. I. , Kleiner J. E. , DeFroda S. F. , Gil J. A. , Daniels A. H. , Eberson C. P. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose Forearm fractures are one of the most commonly sustained injuries in children and are often treated non-operatively. The purpose of this study was to estimate the rate of inpatient surgical treatment of paediatric forearm fractures over time using a large, publicly available, national database. Methods The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) was evaluated between 2000 and 2012. Forearm fractures and surgeries were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9 CM) diagnosis and procedure codes. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine variables associated with greater proportion of surgical treatment. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS statistical software v.9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The database identified 30 936 forearm fracture admissions. Overall, 19 837 of these patients were treated surgically (64.12%). The percentage of patients treated with surgery increased from 59.3% in 2000 to 70.0% in 2012 (p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis found increased age (p < 0.001), more recent year (p < 0.001), male gender (p = 0.003) and admission to a children's hospital (p < 0.001) were associated with an increased proportion of patients receiving surgical treatment. Medicaid payer status was associated with a lower proportion of surgical treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusions The rate of operative treatment for paediatric forearm fractures admitted to the hospital increased over time. Increased surgical rates were associated with older age, male gender, treatment at a children's hospital and non-Medicaid insurance status.
Job satisfaction of advisors working in Private Educational Institutions: Izmir case<p> Özel Eğitim Kurumlarında çalışan rehber öğretmenlerin iş doyumları: İzmir örneği
Authors: Cirhinlioglu Zafer , Demir Ayşegül 
Published: May 2017

The aim of his study was to help teachers by preparing a more consistent work environment, their institutions to understand teachers’ purpose and motivate them to perform better in terms of providing better conditions and guidance services. A demographic information form and occupational satisfaction measure were applied to the advisors working in 108 special education institutions in Izmir. A significant relationship between marital status, age, graduation, professional experience, income level and job satisfaction was found. However, there was no significant relationship between gender, level of education, duration of study, type of service, and job satisfaction.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırma, rehber öğretmenlere daha tutarlı bir çalışma ortamı hazırlayarak onların çalıştıkları kurumların amaç ve değerlerini anlamalarını sağlama, onları ileri düzeyde motive ederek daha iyi bir performans göstermelerine olanak verme ve rehberlik hizmetlerini daha sağlıklı koşullarda sunabilme amaçlarını gütmektedir. Araştırmada, İzmir iline bağlı 108 özel eğitim kurumunda çalışan rehber öğretmene kişisel bilgi formu ve mesleki doyum ölçeğini içeren anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, demografik değişkenler içerisinde yer alan medeni durum, yaş, mezuniyet, mesleki tecrübe, ve gelir düzeyi ile iş doyumu arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu; cinsiyet, öğrenim düzeyi, çalışma süresi, hizmet türü ve yer değişkeni ile iş doyumu arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olmadığı saptanmıştır.
POTENSI GLISEROL DALAM PEMBUATAN TURUNAN GLISEROL MELALUI PROSES ESTERIFIKASI
Authors: Prasetyo Ari Eko , Widhi Anggra , Widayat W 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRAK Gliserol dapat diproduksi dalam proses produksi biodiesel sebagai hasil samping dari reaksi transesterifikasi. Gliserol berpotensi sebagai bahan baku dan dikonversi menjadi produk yang berpotensi lebih.Banyak penelitian yang telah dilakukan untuk memperoleh turunan gliserol. Di dalam proses ini ini digunakan reaksi esterifikasi, yang merupakan reaksi antara asam karboksilat dengan alcohol. Gliserol merupakan senyawa alcohol dengan gugus hidroksil berjumlah tiga gugus. Produk-produk yang dapat diproduksi meliputi gliserol trihepanoat, gliserol monostearat, lesithin, Tri Tetra Butil gliserol, Mono Gliserida oleat, gliserol triasetat /triasetin, gliserol tri bensoat /tribensoitdan resin ester gliserol maleat. Secara umum produk-produk ini digunakan di industri kosmetik, makanan, kertas, tinta, plastic, aditif bahan bakar biodiesel dan banyak lagi. Kata Kunci: produk samping biodiesel, turunan gliserol, ester gliserol, esterifikasi, konversi gliserol ABSTRACT Glycerol can be produced in biodiesel production as by product. Glycerol has potential as raw material and convert to potential value products. Various research that have been done to get glycerol derivatives. In this process used esterification reactio that reaction alcohol with carbocilic acid. Glycerol is a alcohol with three hydroxyl funtiona . The products have been produced from this process including Triheptanoate glycerol, glycerol monostearate, lecithin, glycerol Tri-Tetra Butyl, Mono Glyceride Oleic, Tri Acetyl glycerol / triacetin, Gryceril Tri Benzoic / Tribenzoin, Glycerol ester maleic resin. In general, these derivatives are used in the cosmetics industry, food, paper, ink, plastic, biodiesel additive materials and much more. Keywords: by product of biodiesel, glycerol derivatives, glycerol ester, esterification, conversion of glycerol