bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium chimaera Outbreak Associated With Heater-Cooler Devices: Piecing the Puzzle Together
Authors: Sommerstein Rami , Schreiber Peter W. , Diekema Daniel J. , Edmond Michael B. , Hasse Barbara , Marschall Jonas , Sax Hugo 
Published: November 2016

An outbreak of invasive Mycobacterium chimaera infections associated with heater-cooler devices (HCDs) has now affected patients in several countries on different continents. Clinical infections are characterized by delayed diagnosis, inadequate treatment response to antimicrobial agents, and poor prognosis. Outbreak investigators found M. chimaera in HCD water circuits and air samples while HCDs were running, suggesting that transmission from the HCD to the surgical site occurs via the airborne route. New HCDs at the manufacturing site were also contaminated with M. chimaera, and recent whole-genome sequencing data suggest a point source. Some guidance on screening for M. chimaera colonization in HCD water and exhaust air is available. In contrast, reliable disinfection procedures are not well described, and it is not yet known whether eradication of M. chimaera from a contaminated HCD can be achieved. Meanwhile, strict separation of the HCD from operating room air is necessary to ensure patient safety, and these efforts may require engineering solutions. While our understanding of the causes and the extent of the M. chimaera outbreak is growing, several aspects of patient management, device handling, and risk mitigation still require clarification.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–6
On Groups with Slow Intersection Growth
Authors: Kassabov Martin , Matucci Francesco 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntersection growth concerns the asymptotic behaviour of the index of the intersection of all subgroups of a group that have index at most n. In this paper we show that the intersection growth of some groups may not be a nicely behaved function by showing the following seemingly contradictory results: (a) for any group G the intersection growth function iG(n) is super linear infinitely often, and (b) for any non-decreasing unbounded function f there exists a group G such that the graph of iG is below the one of f infinitely often.
Spectral Curve of the Halphen Operator
Authors: Mironov Andrey E. , Zuo Dafeng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Halphen operator is a third-order operator of the formwhere g ≠ 2 mod(3), where the Weierstrass ℘-function satisfies the equationIn the equianharmonic case, i.e. g2 = 0, the Halphen operator commutes with some ordinary differential operator Ln of order n ≠ 0 mod(3). In this paper we find the spectral curve of the pair L3, Ln.
Cervical lymph node metastasis in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tract, nasopharynx, lacrimal glands and external auditory canal: a collective international review
Authors:   INTERNATIONAL HEAD AND NECK SCIENTIFIC GROUP
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjective:To review reports of adenoid cystic carcinomas arising in the head and neck area outside of the major salivary glands, in order to enhance the care of patients with these unusual neoplasms.Methods:An international team of head and neck surgeons, pathologists, oncologists and radiation oncologists was assembled to explore the published experience and their own working experience of the diagnosis and treatment of adenoid cystic carcinomas arising in the vicinity of the sinonasal tract, nasopharynx, lacrimal glands and external auditory canal.Results:The behaviour of adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in head and neck sites exclusive of the major salivary glands parallels that of tumours with a similar histology arising in the major salivary glands – these are relentless, progressive tumours, associated with high rates of mortality. Of 774 patients reviewed, at least 41 (5.3 per cent) developed documented regional node metastases.Conclusion:The relatively low overall incidence of nodal metastases in adenoid cystic carcinomas arising in the head and neck region outside of the major salivary glands suggests that routine elective regional lymph node dissection might not be indicated in most patients with these tumours.
Distribution and habitat associations of the critically endangered bird species of São Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea)
Authors: DE LIMA RICARDO F. , SAMPAIO HUGO , DUNN JONATHON C. , CABINDA GABRIEL , FONSECA RICARDO , OQUIONGO GABRIEL , OQUIONGO JOEL , SAMBA SEDNEY , SANTANA ARISTIDES , SOARES ESTEVÃO , VIEGAS LEONEL , WARD-FRANCIS ALICE , COSTA LUÍS T. , PALMEIRIM JORGE M. , BUCHANAN GRAEME M. 
Published: November 2016

SummarySão Tomé holds 20 endemic bird species, including the little known and ‘Critically Endangered’ Dwarf Olive IbisBostrychia bocagei, São Tomé FiscalLanius newtoniand São Tomé GrosbeakNeospiza concolor. We conducted a systematic survey of the core forest area, performing 1,680 point counts and compiling occasional observations, which enabled the identification of new areas of occurrence for the target species. MaxEnt distribution modelling suggested that the ibis and fiscal have roughly half of the potential area of occurrence that had been assumed (127 and 117 km2, respectively), while it more than doubled that of the grosbeak (187 km2). The south-west central region of the island, most of which is included in the São Tomé Obô Natural Park, has the highest potential for the Critically Endangered birds. We confirmed the association of all target species with native forest. The ibis preferred high tree density, while the fiscal selected low tree density and intermediate altitudes. Despite very restricted ranges, population sizes seem to be larger than previously assumed. These results suggest that the fiscal and grosbeak might be better classified as ‘Endangered’, while the ibis should maintain its status under different criteria, due to a very restricted range during the breeding season. This work provides vital ecological knowledge to support conservation action focusing on these species and their habitats, highlighting the need to improve the effectiveness of the São Tomé Obô Natural Park in protecting its unique biodiversity.
Impact of sickle cell anaemia on cardiac chamber size in the paediatric population
Authors: Adjagba Philippe M. , Habib Gaston , Robitaille Nancy , Pastore Yves , Raboisson Marie-Josée , Curnier Daniel , Dahdah Nagib 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeSickle cell disease is known to cause various degrees of vasculopathy, including impact on heart function. The aims of this single-centre, retrospective study were to assess cardiac chamber size and function and the relationship with haematological indices such as haemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, reticulocytosis and bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase in sickle cell disease.MethodsRight ventricle and left ventricle diastolic diameters, left ventricle mass estimate, left ventricle shortening fraction, myocardial performance index, and an index of myocardial relaxation (E/E’) were calculated and correlated with haematological parameters.ResultsA total of 110 patients (65% haemoglobin SS, 29% haemoglobin SC) were studied at a mean age of 12.14±5.26 years. Right ventricle dilatation and left ventricle dilatation were present in 61.5 and 42.9%, respectively. Left ventricle mass was abnormal in 21.9%; all patients had normal myocardial performance index, 31.4% had abnormal E/E’, and left ventricle shortening fraction was low in 38.1%. Cardiac dilatation was best correlated with haemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, reticulocytosis and bilirubin. Best subset regression analysis yielded significant additional prediction for right ventricle or left ventricle dilatation with haemoglobin, bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase. Abnormal E/E’ was solely predictable with haemoglobin level. Hydroxyurea-treated patients had improved diastolic function.ConclusionRight ventricle dilatation was more prevalent than left ventricle dilatation. The long-term consequences of right ventricular dilatation, clinical consequences, and association with pulmonary vasculopathy need to be further determined.
Thymidine kinase 2 and alanyl-tRNA synthetase 2 deficiencies cause lethal mitochondrial cardiomyopathy: case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Mazurova Stella , Magner Martin , Kucerova-Vidrova Vendula , Vondrackova Alzbeta , Stranecky Viktor , Pristoupilova Anna , Zamecnik Josef , Hansikova Hana , Zeman Jiri , Tesarova Marketa , Honzik Tomas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCardiomyopathy is a common manifestation in neonates and infants with mitochondrial disorders. In this study, we report two cases manifesting with fatal mitochondrial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which include the third known patient with thymidine kinase 2 deficiency and the ninth patient with alanyl-tRNA synthetase 2 deficiency. The girl with thymidine kinase 2 deficiency had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy together with regression of gross motor development at the age of 13 months. Neurological symptoms and cardiac involvement progressed into severe myopathy, psychomotor arrest, and cardiorespiratory failure at the age of 22 months. The imaging methods and autoptic studies proved that she suffered from unique findings of leucoencephalopathy, severe, mainly cerebellar neuronal degeneration, and hepatic steatosis. The girl with alanyl-tRNA synthetase 2 deficiency presented with cardiac failure and underlying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy within 12 hours of life and subsequently died at 9 weeks of age. Muscle biopsy analyses demonstrated respiratory chain complex I and IV deficiencies, and histological evaluation revealed massive mitochondrial accumulation and cytochromecoxidase-negative fibres in both cases. Exome sequencing in the first case revealed compound heterozygozity for one novel c.209T>C and one previously published c.416C>T mutation in theTK2gene, whereas in the second case homozygozity for the previously described mutation c.1774C>T in theAARS2gene was determined. The thymidine kinase 2 mutations resulted in severe mitochondrial DNA depletion (to 12% of controls) in the muscle. We present, for the first time, severe leucoencephalopathy and hepatic steatosis in a patient with thymidine kinase 2 deficiency and the finding of a ragged red fibre-like image in the muscle biopsy in a patient with alanyl-tRNA synthetase 2 deficiency.
A rare cause of cardiomyopathy in an infant: middle aortic syndrome
Authors: Mir Arshid , Stam Benjamin , Sperrazza Charles 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCoarctation of the abdominal aorta is a rare condition with a handful of cases reported in infancy. We report the case of a 4-month-old infant with severe abdominal coarctation who presented with dilated cardiomyopathy. Following successful transcatheter-based stenting of her abdominal aorta, her cardiomyopathy resolved.
Capital Transitioning: An International Human Capital Strategy for Climate Innovation
Authors: Hsu Shi-Ling 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOne question left unanswered by the 2015 Paris Agreement is exactly how the world will meet the daunting technological challenges that lie ahead. This article proposes a global strategy to build up human capital oriented towards two bodies of knowledge: alternative, non-fossil systems of energy generation, delivery and consumption; and a deeper understanding of climate systems that might be geoengineered to reduce atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. Simply committing funding to climate technology is insufficient; a global climate technology policy must take into account the unique growth properties of human capital, and the conditions under which it can grow.Human capital should be the focus of an international climate agreement for three reasons. Firstly, the wrong kind of human capital (attached to fossil fuel-related methods of energy generation and consumption) has helped to create an unfavourable political economy for climate policy. Secondly, the right kind of human capital (broader, and building on fundamental understandings of energy systems and climate systems) can create a more favourable political economy for climate policy. Thirdly, the technological changes needed for both mitigation and geoengineering technologies are so profound that a human capital stock must be developed with a conscious focus on radical technological change that can be delivered quickly. While individual countries may pursue an enlightened human capital policy on their own, cooperation at the international level would maximize the scale economies of inventive effort.
Deoxyfluorination of alcohols with 3,3-difluoro-1,2-diarylcyclopropenes
Authors: Li Lingchun , Ni Chuanfa , Wang Fei , Hu Jinbo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAromatic cation activation is a useful strategy to promote deoxyfunctionalization; however, the deoxyfluorination of alcohols with cyclopropenium cation remains an unsolved problem due to the weak nucleophilicity of fluoride ion. Here we report the use of 3,3-difluoro-1,2-diarylcyclopropenes (CpFluors) as easily accessible and reactivity-tunable deoxyfluorination reagents. The electronic nature of CpFluors is critical for fluorination of monoalcohols via alkoxycyclopropenium cations, and CpFluors with electron-rich aryl substituents facilitate the transformation with high efficiency; however, selective monofluorination of 1,2- and 1,3-diols, which proceeds via cyclopropenone acetals, is less dependent on the electronic nature of CpFluors. Moreover, CpFluors are more sensitive to the electronic nature of alcohols than many other deoxyfluorination reagents, thus fluorination of longer diols can be achieved selectively at the relatively electron-rich position. This research not only unveils the first example of deoxyfluorination reagents that contain an all-carbon scaffold, but also sheds light on the divergent reactivity of cyclopropenium cation in deoxyfunctionalization of alcohols.
Regulation of persistent sodium currents by glycogen synthase kinase 3 encodes daily rhythms of neuronal excitability
Authors: Paul Jodi R. , DeWoskin Daniel , McMeekin Laura J. , Cowell Rita M. , Forger Daniel B. , Gamble Karen L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHow neurons encode intracellular biochemical signalling cascades into electrical signals is not fully understood. Neurons in the central circadian clock in mammals provide a model system to investigate electrical encoding of biochemical timing signals. Here, using experimental and modelling approaches, we show how the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) contributes to neuronal excitability through regulation of the persistent sodium current (INaP). INaP exhibits a day/night difference in peak magnitude and is regulated by GSK3. Using mathematical modelling, we predict and confirm that GSK3 activation of INaP affects the action potential afterhyperpolarization, which increases the spontaneous firing rate without affecting the resting membrane potential. Together, these results demonstrate a crucial link between the molecular circadian clock and electrical activity, providing examples of kinase regulation of electrical activity and the propagation of intracellular signals in neuronal networks.
Shifting transcriptional machinery is required for long-term memory maintenance and modification in Drosophila mushroom bodies
Authors: Hirano Yukinori , Ihara Kunio , Masuda Tomoko , Yamamoto Takuya , Iwata Ikuko , Takahashi Aya , Awata Hiroko , Nakamura Naosuke , Takakura Mai , Suzuki Yusuke , Horiuchi Junjiro , Okuno Hiroyuki , Saitoe Minoru 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that transcriptional regulation is required for maintenance of long-term memories (LTMs). Here we characterize global transcriptional and epigenetic changes that occur during LTM storage in the Drosophila mushroom bodies (MBs), structures important for memory. Although LTM formation requires the CREB transcription factor and its coactivator, CBP, subsequent early maintenance requires CREB and a different coactivator, CRTC. Late maintenance becomes CREB independent and instead requires the transcription factor Bx. Bx expression initially depends on CREB/CRTC activity, but later becomes CREB/CRTC independent. The timing of the CREB/CRTC early maintenance phase correlates with the time window for LTM extinction and we identify different subsets of CREB/CRTC target genes that are required for memory maintenance and extinction. Furthermore, we find that prolonging CREB/CRTC-dependent transcription extends the time window for LTM extinction. Our results demonstrate the dynamic nature of stored memory and its regulation by shifting transcription systems in the MBs.
Ultrafast all-optical coherent control of single silicon vacancy colour centres in diamond
Authors: Becker Jonas Nils , Görlitz Johannes , Arend Carsten , Markham Matthew , Becher Christoph 
Published: November 2016

AbstractComplete control of the state of a quantum bit (qubit) is a fundamental requirement for any quantum information processing (QIP) system. In this context, all-optical control techniques offer the advantage of a well-localized and potentially ultrafast manipulation of individual qubits in multi-qubit systems. Recently, the negatively charged silicon vacancy centre (SiV−) in diamond has emerged as a novel promising system for QIP due to its superior spectral properties and advantageous electronic structure, offering an optically accessible Λ-type level system with large orbital splittings. Here, we report on all-optical resonant as well as Raman-based coherent control of a single SiV− using ultrafast pulses as short as 1 ps, significantly faster than the centre’s phonon-limited ground state coherence time of about 40 ns. These measurements prove the accessibility of a complete set of single-qubit operations relying solely on optical fields and pave the way for high-speed QIP applications using SiV− centres.
Rhodomollins A and B, two Diterpenoids with an Unprecedented Backbone from the Fruits of Rhododendron molle
Authors: Li Yong , Liu Yun-Bao , Yan Hui-Min , Liu Yang-Lan , Li Yu-Huan , Lv Hai-Ning , Ma Shuang-Gang , Qu Jing , Yu Shi-Shan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo new grayanoids, rhodomollin A (1) and rhodomollin B (2), possessing an unprecedented D-homo grayanane carbon skeleton, were isolated from the fruits of Rhododendron molle. The structures of 1 and 2 were fully characterized using a combination of spectroscopic analyses and X-ray crystallography. Rhodomollin B (2) exhibited modest activity against influenza virus A/95-359, with an IC50 value of 19.24 μM.
Β-blockers treatment of cardiac surgery patients enhances isolation and improves phenotype of cardiosphere-derived cells
Authors: Chimenti Isotta , Pagano Francesca , Cavarretta Elena , Angelini Francesco , Peruzzi Mariangela , Barretta Antonio , Greco Ernesto , De Falco Elena , Marullo Antonino G. M. , Sciarretta Sebastiano , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Frati Giacomo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractΒ-blockers (BB) are a primary treatment for chronic heart disease (CHD), resulting in prognostic and symptomatic benefits. Cardiac cell therapy represents a promising regenerative treatment and, for autologous cell therapy, the patients clinical history may correlate with the biology of resident progenitors and the quality of the final cell product. This study aimed at uncovering correlations between clinical records of biopsy-donor CHD patients undergoing cardiac surgery and the corresponding yield and phenotype of cardiospheres (CSs) and CS-derived cells (CDCs), which are a clinically relevant population for cell therapy, containing progenitors. We describe a statistically significant association between BB therapy and improved CSs yield and CDCs phenotype. We show that BB-CDCs have a reduced fibrotic-like CD90 + subpopulation, with reduced expression of collagen-I and increased expression of cardiac genes, compared to CDCs from non-BB donors. Moreover BB-CDCs had a distinctive microRNA expression profile, consistent with reduced fibrotic features (miR-21, miR-29a/b/c downregulation), and enhanced regenerative potential (miR-1, miR-133, miR-101 upregulation) compared to non-BB. In vitro adrenergic pharmacological treatments confirmed cytoprotective and anti-fibrotic effects of β1-blocker on CDCs. This study shows anti-fibrotic and pro-commitment effects of BB treatment on endogenous cardiac reparative cells, and suggests adjuvant roles of β-blockers in cell therapy applications.
Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (REIMS) Provides Accurate Direct from Culture Species Identification within the Genus Candida
Authors: Cameron Simon J. S. , Bolt Frances , Perdones-Montero Alvaro , Rickards Tony , Hardiman Kate , Abdolrasouli Alireza , Burke Adam , Bodai Zsolt , Karancsi Tamas , Simon Daniel , Schaffer Richard , Rebec Monica , Balog Julia , Takáts Zoltan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMembers of the genus Candida, such as C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, are important human pathogens. Other members of this genus, previously believed to carry minimal disease risk, are increasingly recognised as important human pathogens, particularly because of variations in susceptibilities to widely used anti-fungal agents. Thus, rapid and accurate identification of clinical Candida isolates is fundamental in ensuring timely and effective treatments are delivered. Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (REIMS) has previously been shown to provide a high-throughput platform for the rapid and accurate identification of bacterial and fungal isolates. In comparison to commercially available matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF), REIMS based methods require no preparative steps nor time-consuming cell extractions. Here, we report on the ability of REIMS-based analysis to rapidly and accurately identify 153 clinical Candida isolates to species level. Both handheld bipolar REIMS and high-throughput REIMS platforms showed high levels of species classification accuracy, with 96% and 100% of isolates classified correctly to species level respectively. In addition, significantly different (FDR corrected P value < 0.05) lipids within the 600 to 1000 m/z mass range were identified, which could act as species-specific biomarkers in complex microbial communities.
Atomic force microscopy characterization of kinase-mediated phosphorylation of a peptide monolayer
Authors: Zhuravel Roman , Amit Einav , Elbaz Shir , Rotem Dvir , Chen Yu-Ju , Friedler Assaf , Yitzchaik Shlomo , Porath Danny 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe describe the detailed microscopic changes in a peptide monolayer following kinase-mediated phosphorylation. A reversible electrochemical transformation was observed using square wave voltammetry (SWV) in the reversible cycle of peptide phosphorylation by ERK2 followed by dephosphorylation by alkaline phosphatase. A newly developed method for analyzing local roughness, measured by atomic force microscope (AFM), showed a bimodal distribution. This may indicate either a hole-formation mechanism and/or regions on the surface in which the peptide changed its conformation upon phosphorylation, resulting in increased roughness and current. Our results provide the mechanistic basis for developing biosensors for detecting kinase-mediated phosphorylation in disease.