bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melhoria na qualidade de dados com a aplicação de "data cleaning" na base de dados de acidentes aeronáuticos da aviação civil brasileira
Authors: Almeida Cleibson Aparecido de , Silva Leonardo Derckan Rodrigues , Schilipack Elaine Cristina da Silva , Minervi Nivaldo Aparecido 
Published: January 2017

Introdução: Apresenta a aplicação de técnicas de data cleaning na base de dados de acidentes aeronáuticos da aviação civil brasileira com o objetivo de mensurar o grau de melhoria na qualidade dos dados. Método: inicialmente realizou-se uma revisão de literatura sobre os conceitos de data cleaning e qualidade de dados e, em seguida, aplicaram-se as técnicas de data cleaning em uma base de dados composta por 4601 registros, referentes aos acidentes aeronáuticos ocorridos entre os anos de 1979 e 2014 na aviação civil brasileira. A medição da melhoria na qualidade dos dados foi realizada por meio da métrica “percentual de melhoria dos dados”. Resultados: Observando-se o contexto geral todos os atributos da base de dados houve uma melhoria de 9% quanto à qualidade dos dados, com atributos, como por exemplo o peso, fabricante e modelo das aeronaves, que apresentaram um grau de melhoria acima de 55% após a aplicação da metodologia. Conclusão: A técnica de data cleaning pode ser utilizada para definir políticas para a melhoria contínua em bases de dados e melhorar os processos de decisão nas organizações que tratam sobre aviação, em especial na área de segurança de voo.
The Syntax of Word Order Derivation and Agreement in Najrani Arabic: A Minimalist Analysis
Authors: Fakih Abdul-Hafeed Ali , Al-Sharif Hadeel Ali 
Published: January 2017

The paper aims to explore word order derivation and agreement in Najran Arabic (henceforth, NA) and examines the interaction between the NA data and Chomsky’s (2001, 2005) Agree theory which we adopt in this study. The objective is to investigate how word order occurs in NA and provide a satisfactorily unified account of the derivation of SVO and VSO orders and agreement in the language. Furthermore, the study shows how SVO and VSO word orders are derived morpho-syntactically in NA syntax and why and how the derivation of SVO word order comes after that of VSO order. We assume that the derivation of the unmarked SVO in NA takes place after applying a further step to the marked VSO. We propose that the default unmarked word order in NA is SVO, not VSO. Moreover, we propose that the DP which is base-generated in [Spec-vP] is a topic, not a subject. We adopt Rizzy’s split-CP hypothesis on the basis of which we assume the existence of a Top Phrase (TopP) projection in the clause structure of NA. We postulate that the phase head C passes its ϕ-features to the functional head T and the Edge feature to TopP. We assume that T in VSO lacks the Edge feature which motivates movement of the subject DP to [Spec-TP]. As a consequence, the subject of VSO structure remains in situ in the subject position of [Spec-vP]. In addition, it explores subject-verb agreement asymmetry (henceforth, SVAA) and shows that the asymmetry in NA is not related to word order differences but rather to gender agreement differences.
Effective population size of an offshore population of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Larissa R. , Ott Paulo Henrique , Moreno Ignacio B. , Tavares Maurício , Siciliano Salvatore , Bonatto Sandro L. 
Published: January 2017

The São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago (SPSPA) (00°56’N, 29°22’W) lies approximately 1010km northeast off the coast of Rio Grande do Norte State in Brazilian waters. Recently, through photo-identification and group size analysis, around 20-30 individual bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from SPSPA were recognized as a resident, and potentially genetically isolated, population. The effective population size (Ne), not the census number (Nc), as well the sex ratio, are of primary concern from an evolutionary and conservation management perspectives. The estimate of Ne reflects the number of individuals responsible for the maintenance of genetic diversity of a species or population as well its evolutionary potential. For this reason, we present here the first Ne and sex ratio estimates for the bottlenose dolphin population from SPSPA. Sex was molecularly determined for 19 biopsy samples collected from bottlenose dolphins from SPSPA between January and February 2005. The Newas estimated by direct counting of reproductive adults sexed by DNA analysis. The resulting Ne was 12 individuals and the sex ratio was 1.11 male to 1 female, however, it was not significantly different from the expected 1:1 ratio (χ2 test, α= 0.05; df = 1). The effective population size based on the genetic diversity of 19 sequences of the mtDNA control region resulted in a female effective population size of 223 individuals, and the total long-term effective size of ~470 individuals. We believe that the estimated Ne for the SPSPA population is a critical value, because it is significantly lower than the mean minimum viable population (MVP) suggested for vertebrates (around 5000 breeding age adults). This small Ne is of great concern and should be taken into account in future management plans to ensure the conservation and protection of this small population at SPSPA.
Pourquoi, en Afrique, « le droit » refuse-t-il toujours le pluralisme que le communautarisme induit ?
Authors: Le Roy Étienne 
Published: January 2017

Me posant cette question depuis une cinquantaine d’années, j’ai successivement écarté l’explication d’un simple laisser aller dans la reconduite de l’héritage colonial puis l’hypothèse d’une prétendue supériorité, jamais vérifiée autrement que dogmatiquement, du « droit moderne » sur la « coutume ancestrale ». Plus sérieuse fut l’explication liée à l’économie politique, un héritage marxien, et exigeant que les superstructures politiques et juridiques soient en phase avec l’insertion de l’Afrique dans le marché mondial. Mais, depuis ma participation à l’étude internationale sur les transferts de connaissances juridiques Nord-Sud, à la fin des années 1970, j’ai mis en évidence la place et le rôle de l’idéologie professionnelle des juristes et en particulier de leur philosophie spontanée idéaliste dont je dévoilerai ce qu’il masque à la lumière de mes travaux récents et selon le nouveau paradigme de la juridicité et de son pluralisme « intégral ».
Sur la frontière
Authors: Granville Miller Bruce , Kerbiriou Anne-Hélène 
Published: January 2017

En cette ère de déclin de la capacité de l’État à contrôler ses frontières, l’une des solutions a consisté à créer des « spectacles de pouvoir », à savoir des murs et barrières fortifiés. Sur le territoire des Salish du littoral en Colombie-Britannique et dans l’État de Washington, ces barrières ont entravé les déplacements légaux des peuples autochtones. En me basant sur un travail de terrain et sur ma participation en tant qu’expert et témoin, je me concentre sur deux cas d’impacts négatifs sur les Premières Nations. Le premier concerne un homme des Premières Nations arrêté par la Sécurité intérieure américaine et des agents fédéraux pour avoir pêché dans des eaux américaines qui se trouvaient faire partie des lieux de pêche historiques de sa nation. Le second concerne une communauté frontalière dont le Conseil utilise la frontière comme un moyen d’enlever toute reconnaissance légale à 306 de ses propres membres. Ces histoires traduisent une contestation désorganisée de l’État et des autorités tribales légitimes, qui tous affirment leur primauté sur un autre tenu pour quantité négligeable. Cela a eu pour conséquence de rendre plus répressives les régions frontalières des Salish du littoral.
Le point de vue des pilleurs
Authors: Charlier Laurence 
Published: January 2017

Lors de son enquête ethnographique dans la région du Nord Potosi bolivien, l’auteure a accompagné deux jeunes hommes déterrer des momies précolombiennes situées dans leur communauté. Ils voulaient les vendre à un professeur des universités, lequel les revendait, selon eux, aux États-Unis. Pour se prémunir du courroux potentiel des momies, ils firent remarquer qu’il ne fallait pas y « penser/s’en souvenir » (yuyay en quechua). L’auteure se consacre à l’étude de cette exhumation et de ses contextes en maintenant une focale sur les différentes stratégies choisies in situ par les deux individus pour transformer des objets inaliénables (les ancêtres) en objets aliénables (des marchandises). Elle axe son questionnement sur les processus d’attribution d’agentivité et sur la réflexivité ainsi que sur les rapports conflictuels qu’entretiennent les différents ordres de contraintes sociales subies par les deux individus. Enfin, l’auteure explique comment et pourquoi les deux individus en arrivent à croire rétrospectivement qu’ils n’ont pas réussi à neutraliser le pouvoir potentiel des momies.
Re-totalizing Culture
Authors: Shelton Anthony Alan 
Published: January 2017

With the growth of concern over diminishing cultural diversity, homogenization, and the preservation of tangible patrimony, UNESCO has increasingly assumed a lead position in devising new legislative instruments – programs, proclamations, conventions, and treaties – for the safeguard and regulation of cultural heritage. This cultural policy has been re-directed in the last two decades by a newly emergent and confident cosmopolitan political bloc that has attempted to reverse the organization’s Occidental bias by extending the protection it gives to tangible heritage to include intangible cultural expressions. This new political interest coincides with wider demands for the re-totalization of both aspects of culture aimed at encouraging the institutional use of vernacular interpretations in place of typological and externally imposed classifications. While these movements share a common interest in the decolonization of institutional culture, there is no overarching consensus on the means by which authority over interpretation can be returned to and exercised by originating communities and practitioners. To support its relatively new cultural mandate, UNESCO has revised its definitions of culture. These re-articulations – largely appropriated from specific anthropological discourses – expand the concept of culture to include its tangible and intangible manifestations, and provide a legitimating moral and intellectual authority to promote its wider acceptability. This essay represents a modest attempt to define and trace the influence of part of the rhetoric generated by globalized institutional cultures on museum practice and to raise questions on the current choices museums have been called to make.
Evaluation and follow‐up of fetal hydronephrosis.
Authors: Feldman D M , DeCambre M , Kong E , Borgida A , Jamil M , McKenna P , Egan J F 
Published: January 2017

To determine the antenatal course and neonatal follow‐up of isolated fetal hydronephrosis.We reviewed our ultrasonography database from January 1989 to June 1999 for all cases of unilateral or bilateral fetal hydronephrosis that had at least 1 follow‐up ultrasonographic examination. Cases were defined as mild, moderate, or severe depending on the renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter and gestational age. Data were analyzed using the chi2 test with the Fisher exact test where appropriate. Medical records were reviewed, and telephone interviews were performed to determine which infants received follow‐up after birth.Of 57,966 ultrasonographic examinations in 20,049 women during the study period, 393 patients met criteria for evaluation. Of these, 347 (88%) had fetuses with mild hydronephrosis. Most of these had complete resolution during the pregnancy. Forty patients had fetuses classified as having moderate hydronephrosis, and 6 patients had fetuses with severe hydronephrosis. Of those classified as moderate hydronephrosis, 15% resolved, 25% improved, 48% remained unchanged, and 12% worsened during the pregnancy. There were no cases of in utero resolution in the severe group; however, 4 of 6 cases improved to moderate or mild, and 2 cases remained unchanged. Of the cases identified prenatally, 25 received consultation by a pediatric urologist in the newborn period, and 7 of these required surgical intervention.Our population‐based data suggest that most cases of mild hydronephrosis will resolve before delivery. In contrast, cases of moderate or severe hydronephrosis are less likely to have resolution in utero and are more likely to worsen or remain unchanged. Of those fetuses with persistent hydronephrosis, only a small number required some surgical intervention after birth. This information is useful in counseling the patient whose fetus is noted to have isolated hydronephrosis.
Birth weight prediction by three‐dimensional ultrasonography: fractional limb volume.
Authors: Lee W , Deter R L , Ebersole J D , Huang R , Blanckaert K , Romero R 
Published: January 2017

To introduce fractional limb volume as a new ultrasonographic parameter, validate reliability of fractional limb volume measurements, develop new birth weight prediction models, and examine their practical utility for estimating fetal weight during late pregnancy.Healthy late‐third‐trimester fetuses were prospectively scanned by two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasonography within 4 days of delivery. Volume data sets were subsequently used to extract several standard ultrasonographic measurements. Fractional limb volumes of the upper arm and thigh were based on 50% of diaphyseal bone length. Intraclass correlation was used to analyze interobserver and intraobserver reliability of fractional limb volume measurements. Several weight prediction models were developed by linear regression analysis. New prediction models were prospectively compared with the Hadlock formula in 30 healthy late‐third‐trimester fetuses.One hundred fetuses were scanned at a mean +/‐ SD menstrual age of 39.2 +/‐ 1.2 weeks. Intraclass correlation indicated a significant degree of interobserver and intraobserver reliability for fractional thigh volume. Fractional thigh volume (r = 0.86), fractional upper arm volume (r = 0.83), abdominal circumference (r = 0.83), and midthigh circumference (r = 0.82) were most highly correlated with birth weight. The best prediction model (abdominal circumference and fractional thigh volume) gave weight estimates that deviated from actual birth weight by ‐0.025% +/‐ 7.8%. For late‐third‐trimester fetuses, the Hadlock model yielded errors of 9.0% +/‐ 9.0%. Prospective testing confirmed superior performance of the new prediction model, which gave accuracy of 2.3% +/‐ 6.6% (Hadlock method, 8.4% +/‐ 8.7%). It correctly predicted 20 of 30 birth weights to within 5% of actual weight. By comparison, the Hadlock model predicted only 6 of 30 birth weights to within 5% of actual weight.A new birth weight prediction model, based on fractional thigh volume and abdominal circumference, is reliable during the late third trimester. It provides a means for including soft tissue evaluation for birth weight prediction. This rapid technique avoids technical limitations that currently hinder the practical implementation of three‐dimensional ultrasonography for estimating birth weight.
Usefulness of the suspended microbubble sign in differentiating empyemic and nonempyemic hydropneumothorax.
Authors: Lin F C , Chou C W , Chang S C 
Published: January 2017

The suspended microbubble sign is defined as the image seen on ultrasonography consisting of a pleural effusion strewn with numerous hyperechoic pinpoints and more or less linear shadows that move synchronously with respiration. In this study, we intended to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the suspended microbubble sign in differentiating empyemic and nonempyemic hydropneumothorax.This series consisted of 8 patients with empyemic hydropneumothorax and 23 patients with nonempyemic hydropneumothorax. The finding of the presence of the suspended microbubble signs on ultrasonography was recorded. To further elucidate the generation of the suspended microbubble sign, the interaction between air and pleural fluid of different types was investigated in vitro.The suspended microbubble sign was shown on ultrasonography in all 8 patients with empyemic hydropneumothorax but was absent in the 23 patients with nonempyemic hydropneumothorax. These findings were supported by the observation that the pus seemed to mix with and trap the air more easily than did the nonpurulent pleural fluid, as shown in vitro. In this selected population, the sensitivity and specificity of the suspended microbubble sign in aiding a diagnosis of empyemic hydropneumothorax were both 100%.The suspended microbubble sign shown on ultrasonography might be of considerable value in differentiating empyemic and nonempyemic hydropneumothorax.
Combined use of genetic sonography and maternal serum triple‐marker screening: an effective method for increasing the detection of trisomy 21 in women younger than 35 years.
Authors: DeVore G R , Romero R 
Published: January 2017

The current standard of practice is to screen women younger than 35 years for trisomy 21 with maternal triple‐marker screening, followed by amniocentesis in high‐risk (1:10‐1:190) patients. Non‐high‐risk patients are not offered further diagnostic testing. This study was conducted to determine whether genetic sonography of fetuses considered to be at moderate risk (1:190‐1:1000) after maternal triple‐marker screening increases the detection for trisomy 21, is cost‐effective, and reduces the number of amniocenteses required to detect a single fetus with trisomy 21.After triple‐marker screening, mathematical modeling was used to classify 500,000 theoretical fetuses as high, moderate, or low risk (>1:1001‐1:10,000) for trisomy 21. The sensitivity for genetic sonography varied between 60% and 90%, and false‐positive rates varied between 5% and 25%. Two programs (I and II) were compared with the control program. The control program included patients with high‐risk fetuses (1:10‐1:190) who had amniocentesis. Program I consisted of patients in the moderate‐risk group (1:191‐1:1000) who had genetic sonography followed by amniocentesis only when an abnormal sonographic finding was present. Program II used an approach in which genetic sonography was done for both high‐ and moderate‐risk fetuses, and amniocentesis was performed only when an abnormal sonographic finding was present.When added to the control program, genetic sonography significantly increased the detection rate of Down syndrome (range, 68.1%‐77.8% versus 49%), reduced the cost of detection, and resulted in a ratio of fetuses with Down syndrome detected to normal fetuses lost because of amniocentesis of greater than 1 (range, 2.1‐4.2). Compared with the control program, program II significantly increased the detection of fetuses with trisomy 21 (range, 56%‐72%) when the sensitivity of genetic sonography was >70%, reduced the cost of detection, and had ratios of trisomy 21 detection to normal fetuses lost because of amniocentesis of between 2.38 and 17.88.Women younger than 35 years and classified as having moderate risk after triple‐marker screening could undergo genetic sonography under 1 of 2 approaches, either of which would result in an increased detection rate of trisomy 21 and be cost‐effective without increasing the loss rate of normal fetuses after genetic amniocentesis.
Deferoxamine‐induced dysplasia of the knee: sonographic features and diagnostic performance compared with magnetic resonance imaging.
Authors: Chan Y L , Chu C W , Chik K W , Pang L M , Shing M K , Li C K 
Published: January 2017

To evaluate the features and diagnostic performance of sonography in the assessment of deferoxamine‐induced dysplasia of the knee.The left knees of 32 patients with thalassemia who were receiving regular blood transfusions and chelation therapy were studied with sonography for signs of deferoxamine‐induced bone dysplasia. Abnormal physeal and metaphyseal changes detected on sonography included notching at the metaphyseal corner, a blurred or irregular peripheral juxtaphyseal metaphyseal contour, and widening of the peripheral juxtaphyseal metaphyseal echogenic interface. The accuracy of sonography in diagnosing dysplasia was evaluated by using magnetic resonance imaging as the standard of reference.There were 14 true‐positive findings, 10 true‐negative findings, 7 false‐negative findings, and 1 false‐positive sonographic diagnosis of dysplasia, giving 67% sensitivity, 91% specificity, a 93% positive predictive value, and a 59% negative predictive value.Sonography was specific but only moderately sensitive in the diagnosis of deferoxamine‐induced dysplasia at the knee when compared with magnetic resonance imaging.
Assessment of a new logistic model in the preoperative evaluation of adnexal masses.
Authors: Alcázar J L , Errasti T , Laparte C , Jurado M , López-García G 
Published: January 2017

To assess a new logistic regression model developed to predict malignancy in adnexal masses.In the first part of this study, we developed a logistic model by applying logistic regression analysis in a series of 268 adnexal masses (203 benign and 65 malignant lesions) in 248 patients (mean age, 43.6 years; SD, 14.2 years) evaluated and treated at our institution. Eleven parameters were entered in the logistic regression analysis in a forward stepwise way. In the second part of the study, we evaluated the model's diagnostic performance in a further set of 135 adnexal masses (103 benign and 32 malignant tumors) in 129 patients (mean age, 44.4 years; SD, 14.6 years). This diagnostic performance was compared with that of age, tumor volume, Sassone's and Ferrazzi's B‐mode ultrasonographic morphologic scoring systems, serum cancer antigen 125 level, and the tumor's lowest resistive index. Comparison was done by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.In logistic analysis, only menopausal status, the presence of papillary projections, the logarithm of the cancer antigen 125 value, tumor blood flow location, and the lowest resistive index were retained in the model. The model had the best area under the curve (0.97), significantly higher than patient age (area under the curve, 0.78; P = .001), tumor volume (area under the curve, 0.68; P < .0001), cancer antigen 125 (area under the curve, 0.88; P = .008), lowest resistive index (area under the curve, 0.85; P = .011), Ferrazzi's scoring system (area under the curve, 0.89; P = .01), and maximal peak systolic velocity (area under the curve, 0.71; P< .0001). Comparison with Sassone's scoring system (area under the curve, 0.91) did not reach statistical significance, but a clear trend was found (P = .116).The model had the best diagnostic performance for discriminating between benign and malignant adnexal masses. A clinical prospective evaluation is needed to confirm its actual value.
Translabial sonography of vaginal fibroids: report of 2 cases and review of the literature.
Authors: Torreggiani W , Zwirewich C , Lyburn I , Harris A , Davis J E , Wilkie D , Fenster H , Marchinkow L 
Published: January 2017

To determine the role of translabial sonography in the diagnosis of vaginal fibroids.Two women with vaginal masses of undetermined origin were examined by various imaging procedures, including translabial sonography.Initial examinations, which included transabdominal sonography, cystoscopy, and cystourethrography, yielded inconclusive findings. Translabial sonography, however, suggested isolated vaginal leiomyomas in both patients, and in both the diagnosis was confirmed histologically after surgery.Translabial sonography should be considered as an adjunct to transabdominal and transvaginal sonography for patients with suspected vaginal fibroids.