bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rating Scale, Standard Gamble, and Time Trade-off for People With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries
Authors: Lin Mau-Roung , Hwang Hei-Fen , Chung Kuo-Piao , Huang Chingchaw , Chen Chih-Yi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground and Purpose. The rating scale (RS), standard gamble (SG), and time trade-off (TTO) for people with traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) have not been reported. This study compared psychometric performances of these preference-based measures among people with SCIs in Taiwan. Subjects and Methods. In total, 187 subjects from a nationwide registry of people with traumatic SCIs were interviewed by telephone. Score distributions, interrater reliability, discriminant ability, and convergent validity for the RS, SG, and TTO were compared. Results. The mean (median) values of the RS, SG, and TTO were 0.67 (0.70), 0.64 (0.75), and 0.53 (0.50), respectively, and their corresponding intraclass correlation coefficients for intrarater and interrater test-retest reliability were .92 and .89, .78 and .73, and .91 and .78. Compared with the SG and TTO, the RS had fewer floor and ceiling values as well as percent changes, more missing observations, a larger effect size, and better discrimination ability. The results of Spearman correlation and factor analysis showed that the SG strongly converged with the TTO (r=.65, and in a single common factor), but they weakly converged with the RS (r=.33 with the SG and r=.27 with the TTO). In the linear regression models, the RS was significantly associated with neurological severity, employment, educational level, and self-care ability; the SG was associated with neurological severity and employment; and the TTO was associated only with neurological severity. Discussion and Conclusion. The RS generally performed better than the SG and TTO among people with traumatic SCIs; however, the underlying construct measured by the RS differed considerably from those measured by the SG and TTO. [Lin MR, Hwang HF, Chung KP, et al. Rating scale, standard gamble, and time trade-off for people with traumatic spinal cord injuries.
Estimates of Quality and Reliability With the Physiotherapy Evidence-Based Database Scale to Assess the Methodology of Randomized Controlled Trials of Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Interventions
Authors: Foley Norine C , Bhogal Sanjit K , Teasell Robert W , Bureau Yves , Speechley Mark R 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses often include an evaluation of the methodological quality of the individual studies that have been included, and are usually conducted by at least 2 individuals. The objective of this study was to assess the methodological quality and reliability of a series of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions by use of the 10-item Physiotherapy Evidence-Based Database (PEDro) Scale. Methods. Two abstractors independently reviewed 81 RCTs assessing a variety of interventions. The Cohen kappa statistic and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to assess agreement between abstractors. Results. The average total PEDro scores were 5.94 (SD=1.43) for all studies combined, 6.88 (SD=1.2) for pharmacological studies, and 5.29 (SD=1.26) for nonpharmacological studies. The median score for pharmacological studies was significantly higher than that for nonpharmacological studies (7 versus 5). Pair-wise kappa scores ranged from a low of .452 for concealed allocation among drug trials to perfect agreement (1.00) for randomization and reporting of results from between-group comparisons. The ICCs associated with the cumulative PEDro score were .91 (95% confidence interval [CI]=.83–.94) for all studies, .89 (95% CI=.78–.95) for pharmacological studies, and .91 (95% CI=.84–.952) for nonpharmacological studies. Discussion and Conclusion. The methodological quality for pharmacological interventions was significantly higher than that for nonpharmacological interventions. There was good agreement between raters at an individual item level and in total PEDro scores. A lack of reporting clarity, poor organization of the report, or the failure to include salient details contributed to less-than-perfect agreement between raters. [Foley NC, Bhogal SK, Teasell RW, et al. Estimates of quality and reliability with the Physiotherapy Evidence-Based Database Scale to assess the methodology of randomized controlled trials of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions.Phys Ther. 2006;86:817 – 824.]
Effects of Short-Term CPAP Withdrawal on Neurobehavioral Performance in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Yang Qiao , Phillips Craig L. , Melehan Kerri L. , Rogers Naomi L. , Seale J. Paul , Grunstein Ronald R. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Study Objective:
Changes in sleep parameters and neurobehavioral functioning were systematically investigated after an acute (1 night) and short-term (7 nights) period of withdrawal from continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment and 1 subsequent night of CPAP reintroduction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Design:
Repeated-measurement within-subject design.

Setting:
Sleep laboratory, university teaching hospital.

Participants:
Twenty participants receiving optimal CPAP therapy for ≥ 12 months.

Interventions:
CPAP withdrawal.

Measurements and Results:
Polysomnograms were performed on Night 0 (with CPAP), Night 1 and Night 7 (without CPAP) and Night 8_R (with CPAP). Acute CPAP withdrawal resulted in the recurrence of sleep-disordered breathing with sleep disruption, hypoxemia, and increased subjective sleepiness. Short-term CPAP withdrawal exacerbated hypoxemia, increased subjective and objective sleepiness and poor mood ratings. Neurobehavioral functioning assessed using the Psychomotor Vigilance Task was impaired following Night 7 and associated with hypoxemia and changes in morning levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. However, other neurobehavioral measures were not affected. Autonomic arousals measured via respiratory-related reductions in finger blood volume by peripheral arterial tonometry decreased from Night 1 to Night 7. On Night 8_R, reintroduction of CPAP treatment eliminated most airway obstruction, maintained oxygenation, and reversed daytime sleepiness and some vigilance decrements.

Conclusion:
Despite recurrence of sleep-disordered breathing with increased sleepiness and impaired vigilance, most neurobehavioral variables were unaffected by CPAP withdrawal. The reduction in vigilance appeared to be associated with worsened hypoxemia and changed levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Resumption of CPAP treatment had immediate benefits on sleep consolidation and subjective sleepiness.

Citation:
Yang Q; Phillips CL; Melehan KL et al. Effects of short-term CPAP withdrawal on neurobehavioral performance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
An Evaluation of Provincial Infectious Disease Surveillance Reports in Ontario
Authors: Chan Ellen , Barnes Morgan E. , Sharif Omar 
Published: February 2017

Context:
Public Health Ontario (PHO) publishes various infectious disease surveillance reports, but none have yet been formally evaluated.

Objective:
PHO evaluated its monthly and annual infectious disease surveillance reports to assess public health stakeholders' current perception of the products and to develop recommendations for improving future products.

Design:
An evaluation consisting of an online survey and a review of public Web sites of other jurisdictions with similar annual reports.

Setting:
For the online survey, stakeholder organizations targeted were the 36 local public health units and the Health health ministry in Ontario, Canada.

Participants:
Survey participants included epidemiologists, managers, directors, and other public health practitioners from participating organizations.

Main Outcome Measures:
Online survey respondents' awareness and access to the reports, their rated usefulness of reports and subsections, and suggestions for improving usefulness; timeliness of select annual reports from other jurisdictions based on the period from data described to report publication.

Results:
Among 57 survey respondents, between 74% and 97% rated each report as useful; the most common use was for situational awareness. Respondents ranked timeliness as the most important attribute of surveillance reports, followed by data completeness. Among 6 annual reports reviewed, the median time to publication was 11.5 months compared with 23.2 months for PHO.

Conclusion:
Recommendations based on this evaluation have already been applied to the monthly report (eg, focusing on the most useful sections) and have become key considerations when developing future annual reports and other surveillance reporting tools (eg, need to provide more timely reports). Other public health organizations may also use this evaluation to inform aspects of their surveillance report development and evaluation. The evaluation results have provided PHO with direction on how to improve its provincial infectious disease surveillance reporting moving forward, and formed a basis for future work in surveillance product development and evaluation.
Mindfulness and dynamic functional neural connectivity in children and adolescents
Authors: Marusak Hilary A. , Thomason Moriah E. , Elrahal Farrah , Peters Craig A. , Kundu Prantik , Lombardo Michael V. , Calhoun Vince D. , Goldberg Elimelech K. , Cohen Cindy , Taub Jeffrey W. , Rabinak Christine A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundMindfulness is a non-judgmental, present-centered awareness and acceptance of one’s thoughts, feelings, and bodily sensations. Interventions that promote mindfulness consistently show salutatory effects on cognition and psychological wellbeing in adults, and more recently, in children. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying mindfulness in children may allow for more judicious application of these techniques in clinical and educational settings.MethodsUsing multi-echo/multi-band fMRI, we measured resting-state connectivity and tested the hypothesis that the association between mindfulness and anxiety in children (N=42) will relate to static and dynamic interactions between large-scale neural networks considered central to neurocognitive functioning and implicated in mindfulness in adults (default mode [DMN], salience and emotion [SEN], and central executive networks [CEN]).ResultsMindfulness was related todynamicbut notstaticconnectivity in children. Specifically, more mindful children transitioned more between brain states over the course of the scan, spent overall less time in a certain connectivity state (state 2), and showed a state-specific reduction in SEN-right CEN connectivity (state 4). Results of a separate measure of present-focused thought during the resting-state were consistent with these results, suggesting state-trait convergence. Finally, the number of state transitions mediated the link between higher mindfulness and lower anxiety, suggesting that flexibility in transitioning between neural states may bridge the well-established link between mindfulness and anxiety in children.ConclusionsResults provide new insights into neural mechanisms underlying benefits of mindfulness on psychological health in children, and suggest that mindfulness relates to functional neural dynamics and interactions between neurocognitive networks, over time.
An inducible CRISPR-ON system for controllable gene activation in human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Guo Jianying , Ma Dacheng , Huang Rujin , Ming Jia , Ye Min , Kee Kehkooi , Xie Zhen , Na Jie 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are an important system to study early human development, model human diseases, and develop cell replacement therapies. However, genetic manipulation of hPSCs is challenging and a method to simultaneously activate multiple genomic sites in a controllable manner is sorely needed. Here, we constructed a CRISPR-ON system to efficiently upregulate endogenous genes in hPSCs. A doxycycline (Dox) inducible dCas9-VP64-p65-Rta (dCas9-VPR) transcription activator and a reverse Tet transactivator (rtTA) expression cassette were knocked into the two alleles of theAAVS1locus to generate an iVPR hESC line. We showed that the dCas9-VPR level could be precisely and reversibly controlled by addition and withdrawal of Dox. Upon transfection of multiplexed gRNA plasmid targeting theNANOGpromoter and Dox induction, we were able to controlNANOGgene expression from its endogenous locus. Interestingly, an elevatedNANOGlevel did not only promote naïve pluripotent gene expression but also enhanced cell survival and clonogenicity, and it enabled integration of hESCs with the inner cell mass (ICM) of mouse blastocystsin vitro. Thus, iVPR cells provide a convenient platform for gene function studies as well as high-throughput screens in hPSCs.
Barriers to enter in foreign markets: evidence from SMEs in emerging market
Authors: Rahman Mahfuzur , Uddin Moshfique , Lodorfos George 
Published: February 2017

PurposeForeign market entry is considered as a key strategy to grow and survive over longer period of time for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The decision to enter a foreign market is not a straightforward story. Considering resource limitation, SMEs need to analyse the key barriers to entry in foreign markets very carefully. The purpose of this paper is to identify these barriers for the SMEs in a developing country.Design/methodology/approachThis study has used primary data collected through questionnaires from 212 Bangladeshi SMEs. A mixed method data analysis technique is used to analyse the firms both from micro- and macro-levels. Following the running example-based case study approach, this study has developed and validated a partial least square-based structural model to assess the key barriers to entry in foreign markets.FindingsThis study has identified the key socio-economic barriers faced by the SMEs in a developing country to enter in foreign markets. It has successfully framed the socio-economic barriers to enter in foreign markets for Bangladeshi SMEs as a second-order hierarchical model.Originality/valueIt is often believed that foreign market entry is more affected by social barriers as explained by the existing theories including the Uppsala model. This study, however, revealed that the international market expansions of SMEs in developing countries are more sensitive to the economic barriers.
Explaining the surge in M&A as an entry mode: home country and cultural influences
Authors: Boateng Agyenim , Du Min , Wang Yan , Wang Chengqi , Ahammad Mohammad F. 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the trends, patterns and the impact of cultural and home country macroeconomic influences on Chinese cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBM&A) as foreign entry strategy for the period of 1998-2011.Design/methodology/approachUsing three regression models, namely, ordinary least squares, the random effects and fixed effects to examine the impact of home country macroeconomic and cultural factors on CBM&A outflows as an entry mode of Chinese firms. The authors check the robustness of the results using system GMM.FindingsThe findings suggest that CBM&A as a preferred mode of market entry provides a means for obtaining strategic resources to develop competitive advantages for the Chinese emerging market firms. The regression results indicate that home country macroeconomic and cultural variables, including gross domestic product (GDP), liquidity, interest rates, inflation, acquisitions in resource seeking sectors and cultural distance play an important role in explaining the trends of CBM&A outflows by the Chinese firms.Research limitations/implicationsThe results imply that government support to emerging market multinational enterprises (EMEs) to acquire strategic assets and economic policies in the home country play an important role in shaping international expansion behaviour of EMEs through CBM&A. The study demonstrates that outward investments of EMEs are partly a function of the level of economic policies and government support at home. The limitation is that most of the Chinese CBM&A transactions took place in Asia/Pacific locations. Future studies appear warranted if new data become available.Originality/valueThe study demonstrates how the institutions, strategic asset seeking with government support and economic policies in the home country play important role in shaping international expansion behaviour of emerging market enterprises through CBM&A thereby contributing to the political economy literature and institutional theory. More importantly, the study shows that the level of economic policies and development such as GDP, money supply, interest rates, inflation of the home country are important for EME growth in the international market.
Standardization versus adaptation of global marketing strategies in emerging market cross-border acquisitions
Authors: Rao-Nicholson Rekha , Khan Zaheer 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe recent increase in the presence of emerging market firms (EMFs) in global markets requires a closer examination of their international marketing strategies (including branding). The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors behind the standardization or adaptation of global marketing strategies adopted by EMFs for their cross-border acquisitions.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines the determinants of the marketing strategies adopted by Indian and Chinese firms for their cross-border acquisitions. The drivers of the standardization/adaptation of marketing strategies (including branding) are identified using both quantitative data collected in 168 cross-border acquisitions conducted by the EMFs mentioned above and the institutional theory and organizational identity literature.FindingsInstitutional factors have a stronger effect than organizational identities on global marketing strategies, including branding. The standardization of the EMFs’ marketing strategies is driven by the private statuses of the acquirers, legal distances, target countries’ economic development, and the ethnic ties that exist between the home and host countries. The acquirers’ decisions to retain the targets’ brand identities, thus adapting their global marketing strategies, are related to the cultural distances, economic freedom distances, and sizes of the targets.Research limitations/implicationsIn this study, two large emerging markets – India and China – are used to gather the empirical data; future works can expand upon this line of research and examine other EMFs.Practical implicationsThe acquiring companies have to decide whether to adopt an adaption marketing strategy, with reference to the acquired targets’ local stakeholder requirements, or to incorporate their targets’ brands into their own global marketing strategies.Originality/valueTypically, previous work on the adaptation vs standardization of global marketing strategies adopted in the wake of cross-border deals has focussed on acquisitions involving companies from developed countries; this paper extends the field of research to the EMFs of two of the most important developing countries: China and India.
Determinants of disclosures of alternative pay measures and their role in Say on Pay approval
Authors: Hadley Brandy 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of the increase in firms’ reporting of alternative pay measures in Pay for Performance disclosures and their role in subsequent Say on Pay approval.

Design/methodology/approach
This study explores the most common types of supplemental compensation disclosures used in Pay for Performance discussions using a hand-collected sample of S&P 500 proxy statements from 2012-2014. The sample compares key characteristics of firms reporting “pocketed” pay, “market-value” pay, and “peer comparison” percentile ranking pay compared to firms that do not use these alternatives.

Findings
Results suggest that firms use alternative pay measures in their Pay for Performance disclosures for different reasons. While “pocketed” pay reporters show characteristics of opportunistic disclosures and “peer comparison” reporters tend toward informative disclosure, there is often a significant positive impact of disclosing additional compensation information on Say on Pay approval when combating prior poor Say on Pay support. However, the effect seems most significant for peer comparisons, indicating the value of reporting comparative pay.

Originality/value
This study provides insights into the increasing use of alternative pay measures, and through these measures, identifies an additional mechanism of firms’ responses to Say on Pay votes. In addition, this study highlights the importance of standardized Pay for Performance disclosures to improve informativeness and comparability in financial reporting across firms. Finally, the study provides additional evidence of opportunistic disclosure by firms in order to preserve executive pay.
Cash flow volatility and investor sentiment
Authors: Iyer Subramanian Rama , Harper Joel T. 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test whether investors take flight to safety when sentiment is low. In other words, do safe firms perform better than risky firms following periods of low sentiment.Design/methodology/approachUsing cash flow volatility and the percent of bullish investors as proxies for risk and investor sentiment the paper tests the relationship between sentiment and returns conditional on risk this performance. Second, a cross-sectional analysis is conducted based on individual firm characteristics and sentiment to explain annual returns.FindingsThe paper finds that there is a negative relationship between investor sentiment and the return of risky companies, which is contrary to prior studies. All told, risky companies perform worse following periods of high investor sentiment.Originality/valueThis paper presents evidence contrary to extant literature and that there is no concerted flight to safety. Investor sentiment has little influence on safe stocks.
A theoretical approach to financial distress prediction modeling
Authors: Oz Ibrahim Onur , Yelkenci Tezer 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine a theoretical base for the financial distress prediction modeling over eight countries for a sample of 2,500 publicly listed non-financial firms for the period from 2000 to 2014.

Design/methodology/approach
The prediction model derived through the theory has the potential to produce prediction results that are generalizable over distinct industry and country samples. For this reason, the prediction model is on the earnings components, and it uses two different estimation methods and four sub-samples to examine the validity of the results.

Findings
The findings suggest that the theoretical model provides high-level prediction accuracy through its earnings components. The use of a large sample from different industries in distinct countries increases the validity of the prediction results, and contributes to the generalizability of the prediction model in distinct sectors.

Originality/value
The results of the study fulfill the gap and extend the literature through a distress model, which has the theoretical origin enabling the generalization of the prediction results over different samples and estimation methods.