bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pigeon pea refuge crops are likely to provide patchy delivery of Helicoverpa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) within Bt cotton production regions in eastern Australia
Authors: Baker Geoff H. , Parry Hazel , Tann Colin R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRefuge crops, in particular pigeon pea and conventional (non‐Bt) cotton, are mandatory components within the Bt resistance management strategy for Helicoverpa pests in Bt cotton production systems in eastern Australia. These refuge crops are expected to produce large numbers of Bt‐susceptible moths, some of which will mate with the relatively few resistant moths emerging from Bt cotton, thus reducing the likelihood of Bt resistance developing. The spatial and temporal variability in Helicoverpa production in pigeon pea refuge crops within the St George Irrigation Area in southern Queensland was measured in this study, and the likely dispersal of moths produced in such refuges to Bt cotton crops throughout the local landscape was modelled. The attractiveness of pigeon pea for Helicoverpa oviposition and the resultant abundance of eggs on plants and pupae in the soil were highly variable between refuge crops within and between seasons. A simulation model was developed to explore the effects of random and wind‐biased assumptions on moth movements within the landscape. The model was initialised using data on the abundance of either live pupae or remains of pupal cases in the soil as surrogates for moth production within refuges. The results of the model suggested that delivery of moths from refuges to Bt cotton crops throughout the St George landscape would be patchy, with some areas thus more likely to be exposed to the threat of Bt resistance development than others. A reduction in refuge area requirements, such as recently proposed as a change to the Bt resistance management guidelines, appears likely to exacerbate such risk.
NESTING VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DIFFERENTIATION IN TWO‐SIDED MARKETS
Authors: Ribeiro Vitor Miguel , Correia‐da‐Silva João , Resende Joana 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTWe merge the two‐sided markets duopoly model of Armstrong (2006) with the nested vertical and horizontal differentiation model of Gabszewicz and Wauthy (2012), which consists of a linear city with different consumer densities on the left and on the right side of the city. In equilibrium, the high‐quality platform sells at a higher price and captures a greater market share than the low‐quality platform, despite the indifferent consumer being closer to the high‐quality platform. The difference between market shares is lower than socially optimal. A perturbation that introduces a negligible difference between the consumer density on the left and on the right side of the city may disrupt existence of equilibrium in the model of Armstrong (2006).
CASH INCENTIVES AND UNHEALTHY FOOD CONSUMPTION
Authors: Flores Miguel , Rivas Javier 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the effectiveness of taxes, subsidies and cash incentives in reducing unhealthy food consumption. Using an inter‐temporal rational choice model with habit, we calibrate and simulate the effect of those policies to US and UK data. Our findings suggest that cash incentives may be the most effective policy in reducing unhealthy food consumption. However, when comparing the reduction in costs for the social security system with the implementation costs, cash incentives can lead to significant monetary losses. Taxes are relatively ineffective in reducing unhealthy food consumption. Finally, subsidies have the best balance between effectiveness and monetary benefits to society.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel quinoline‐based carboxylic hydrazides as anti‐tubercular agents
Authors: Chander Subhash , Ashok Penta , Cappoen Davie , Cos Paul , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan 
Published: May 2016

In this study, seventeen novel quinoline‐based carboxylic hydrazides were designed as potential anti‐tubercular agents using molecular hybridization approach and evaluated in‐silico for drug‐likeness behavior. The compounds were synthesized, purified, and characterized using spectral techniques (like FTIR, 1H NMR, and Mass). The in‐vitro anti‐tubercular activity (against Mycobacterium tuberculosisH37Ra) and cytotoxicity against human lung fibroblast cells were studied. Among the tested hydrazides, four compounds (6h, 6j, 6l, and 6m) exhibited significant anti‐tubercular activity with MIC values below 20 μg/mL. The two most potent compounds of the series, 6j and 6m exhibited MIC values 7.70 and 7.13 μg/mL, respectively, against M. tuberculosis with selectivity index >26. Structure–activity relationship studies were performed for the tested compounds in order to explore the effect of substitution pattern on the anti‐tubercular activity of the synthesized compounds.
Siblings of children with complex care needs: their perspectives and experiences of participating in everyday life
Authors: Woodgate R. L. , Edwards M. , Ripat J. D. , Rempel G. , Johnson S. F. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundParticipating in everyday life is essential to the healthy development and emotional well‐being of children. However, little is known about siblings of children with complex care needs (CCN), and their perspectives and experiences of participating in everyday life. The aim of this paper is to present research findings that add to our understanding of how siblings of children with CCN view and experience participation in everyday life.MethodsTo arrive at a detailed and accurate understanding of the siblings' perspectives and experiences, we used the qualitative research design of ethnography. Sixteen siblings (seven brothers, nine sisters) of children with CCN were recruited. The siblings ranged in age between 7 and 25 years, with a mean age of 14 years. All siblings took part in opened‐ended interviews and completed ecomaps to describe how they participate. Five siblings also took part in the photovoice method. Analysis involved several iterative steps, congruent with ethnography.ResultsFour main themes emerged as follows: (1) participation is about being part of a group; (2) it feels good; (3) I love my sibling but…; and (4) promoting participation. Siblings of children with CCN identified challenges to participation and also described ways that they participate that relate to the care of their sibling.ConclusionsSiblings prioritized the relationship with their sisters and brothers with CCN in their life, and a great deal of their participation was chosen with their sibling in mind. Sibling‐to‐sibling relationships were distinct and meaningful and, as a result, participation was always done mindfully and with the family needs at the forefront. Nonetheless, clinicians caring for children with CCN must keep in mind the challenges that siblings of children with CCN experience and provide strategies to siblings that will help to promote their participation in everyday life.
The log TSH–free T4 relationship in a community‐based cohort is nonlinear and is influenced by age, smoking and thyroid peroxidase antibody status
Authors: Brown Suzanne J. , Bremner Alexandra P. , Hadlow Narelle C. , Feddema Peter , Leedman Peter J , O'Leary Peter C. , Walsh John P. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe TSH–T4 relationship was thought to be inverse log‐linear, but recent cross‐sectional studies of selected populations report a complex, nonlinear relationship. The TSH–T4 relationship has not been evaluated in an unselected, community‐based cohort, and there are limited data regarding clinical factors which affect it.ObjectiveTo analyse the TSH–free T4 relationship in a community‐based cohort.Design, participants and methodsIn a cross‐sectional, retrospective study, we analysed serum TSH and free T4 concentrations from 4427 participants (55% female) in the 1994 Busselton Health Study who were not taking thyroxine. Simple linear, segmented‐linear and nonlinear regression models of log10TSH on free T4 were compared for goodness of fit.ResultsAll 5 log TSH–free T4 models tested (separate lines, segmented conterminal line, quartic, error function, double‐sigmoid curve) fitted significantly better than a simple linear model (each P < 0·01 by Vuong test). Ranking by Akaike information criterion indicated that the segmented conterminal line and double‐sigmoid models provided best fit, followed by the error function, quartic and separate lines models. From multiple regression analysis, age tertile, current smoking and TPOAb status each significantly influenced the TSH–free T4 relationship, whereas BMI category and diabetes did not. A sex difference in the TSH–free T4 relationship was apparent only in the lower part of the free T4 reference range.ConclusionIn a community‐based setting, the relationship between log TSH and free T4 is complex, nonlinear and influenced by age, smoking and TPOAb status.
miR‐30c and semaphorin 3A determine adult neurogenesis by regulating proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in the subventricular zones of mouse
Authors: Sun Tingting , Li Weiyun , Ling Shucai 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesMechanisms that regulate proliferation of adult neural stem cells are largely unknown. Here, we have investigated the role of microR‐30c (miR‐30c) and its target, semaphoring 3A (sema3A), in regulating adult neurogenesis and mechanisms underlying this process.Materials and methodsIn situ hybridization, immunofluorescence and quantitative real‐time PCR were used to assess complementary expression patterns of miR‐30c and sema3A in mice. Effects of miR‐30c in the subventricular zone (SVZ) were examined by stereotaxic injection of up‐ and down‐regulating lentiviruses. 5′‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine labelling was performed to investigate effects of miR‐30c and sema3A on adult neurogenesis. Real‐time cell assays, morphological analysis and cell cycle measurements were used to reveal the mechanisms by which miR‐30c and sema3A regulate adult neurogenesis.ResultsExpression of miR‐30c negatively correlated with that of sema3A in neurons, and levels of miR‐30c and sema3A correlated positively with numbers of newborn cells in the SVZ and rostral migration stream. miR‐30c and sema3A affected adult neurogenesis by regulating proliferation and differentiation, as well as cycles of stem cells in the SVZ.ConclusionsmiR‐30c and sema3A regulate adult neurogenesis by controlling proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in the SVZ. This finding reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of adult neurogenesis.
Living Language: Self‐Assessment, Oral Production, and Domestic Immersion
Authors: Dolosic Haley N. , Brantmeier Cindy , Strube Michael , Hogrebe Mark C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWith 24 adolescent students enrolled in a French language summer camp, the present study examines the relationship between self‐assessment and oral production in French, interpreting results through a framework of individual learning variables. Participants were surrounded by French inside and outside the classroom. Self‐assessment was measured through a criterion‐referenced self‐assessment questionnaire (Brantmeier, Vanderplank, & Strube, 2012). Oral production was examined with a structured oral interview that involved recording students for four minutes while they described four images (Llanes & Muñoz, 2009). The recording was coded on measures including words per minute, silent pauses per minute, and longest fluent run (Llanes & Muñoz, 2009). Findings demonstrated significant improvement in oral production. Self‐assessment measures and performance on posttest measures for oral production were significantly correlated. Upon arrival at camp this was not true, which may indicate that students who were unable to assess their French abilities at the beginning of camp were better able to assess their abilities following the program. Results have strong pedagogical implications, as self‐assessment may serve as a metacognitive tool for students to learn to self‐diagnose strengths and weaknesses, which may help instructors account for individual learner differences. Implications suggest that self‐assessing such strengths and weaknesses may be easier after a multitude of real‐world and need‐based interactions.
Perceptions about traditional and novel methods to learn about postoperative pain management: a qualitative study
Authors: Ingadottir Brynja , Blondal Katrin , Jaarsma Tiny , Thylen Ingela 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of surgical patients about traditional and novel methods to learn about postoperative pain management.BackgroundPatient education is an important part of postoperative care. Contemporary technology offers new ways for patients to learn about self‐care, although face‐to‐face discussions and brochures are the most common methods of delivering education in nursing practice.DesignA qualitative design with a vignette and semi‐structured interviews used for data collection.MethodsA purposeful sample of 13 postsurgical patients, who had been discharged from hospital, was recruited during 2013–2014. The patients were given a vignette about anticipated hospital discharge after surgery with four different options for communication (face‐to‐face, brochure, website, serious game) to learn about postoperative pain management. They were asked to rank their preferred method of learning and thereafter to reflect on their choices. Data were analysed using an inductive content analysis approach.FindingsPatients preferred face‐to‐face education with a nurse, followed by brochures and websites, while games were least preferred. Two categories, each with two sub‐categories, emerged from the data. These conceptualized the factors affecting patients’ perceptions: (1) ‘Trusting the source’, sub‐categorized into ‘Being familiar with the method’ and ‘Having own prejudgments’; and (2) ‘Being motivated to learn’ sub‐categorized into ‘Managing an impaired cognition’ and ‘Aspiring for increased knowledge’.ConclusionTo implement successfully novel educational methods into postoperative care, healthcare professionals need to be aware of the factors influencing patients’ perceptions about how to learn, such as trust and motivation.
Systematic review of self‐management in patients with schizophrenia: psychometric assessment of tools, levels of self‐management and associated factors
Authors: van Schie Dayenne , Castelein Stynke , van der Bijl Jaap , Meijburg Robert , Stringer Barbara , van Meijel Berno 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to provide an overview of existing knowledge about self‐management assessment tools used in patients with schizophrenia, and levels of self‐management and associated factors in these patients.BackgroundSelf‐management empowers patients with chronic conditions to manage their illness and psychosocial consequences. With respect to patients with schizophrenia, knowledge concerning self‐management is scarce. A systematic review of existing literature focusing on self‐management in these patients may contribute to further research programming and practice development.DesignA systematic review of the literature.Data sourcesA systematic literature search was conducted in March 2015 in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL.Review methodsTwelve articles were included. Data were extracted and categorized following the objectives of this review: (1) self‐management assessment tools and their psychometric properties; (2) level of self‐management; and (3) factors associated with self‐management in patients with schizophrenia.ResultsThe PIH scale, the PAM‐MH and the IMR scale were used to assess self‐management. The overall psychometric quality of these instruments showed to be fair to poor. The level of self‐management in patients with schizophrenia is comparable with other mental health conditions, higher than general population and lower than patients with physical health conditions. Several factors (e.g. sense of coherence, recovery and hope) were found to be associated.ConclusionFurther efforts are needed to increase the methodological quality of psychometric research on self‐management assessment tools. More insight in the level of self‐management and associated factors may enhance the development of future interventions.
A specific plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 antagonist derived from inactivated urokinase
Authors: Gong Lihu , Proulle Valerie , Fang Chao , Hong Zebin , Lin Zhonghui , Liu Min , Xue Guangpu , Yuan Cai , Lin Lin , Furie Barbara , Flaumenhaft Robert , Andreasen Peter , Furie Bruce , Huang Mingdong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFibrinolysis is a process responsible for the dissolution of formed thrombi to re‐establish blood flow after thrombus formation. Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) inhibits urokinase‐type and tissue‐type plasminogen activator (uPA and tPA) and is the major negative regulator of fibrinolysis. Inhibition of PAI‐1 activity prevents thrombosis and accelerates fibrinolysis. However, a specific antagonist of PAI‐1 is currently unavailable for therapeutic use. We screened a panel of uPA variants with mutations at and near the active site to maximize their binding to PAI‐1 and identified a potent PAI‐1 antagonist, PAItrap. PAItrap is the serine protease domain of urokinase containing active‐site mutation (S195A) and four additional mutations (G37bR–R217L–C122A–N145Q). PAItrap inhibits human recombinant PAI‐1 with high potency (Kd = 0.15 nM) and high specificity. In vitro using human plasma, PAItrap showed significant thrombolytic activity by inhibiting endogenous PAI‐1. In addition, PAItrap inhibits both human and murine PAI‐1, allowing the evaluation in murine models. In vivo, using a laser‐induced thrombosis mouse model in which thrombus formation and fibrinolysis are monitored by intravital microscopy, PAItrap reduced fibrin generation and inhibited platelet accumulation following vascular injury. Therefore, this work demonstrates the feasibility to generate PAI‐1 inhibitors using inactivated urokinase.
Diastase and Invertase Activity Changes and 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐2‐Furfural Formation in Honeys Under Influence of Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Kowalski Stanisław , Lukasiewicz Marcin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThree types of honey including lime (Tilia spp.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) and acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) honeys were analyzed. Honeys were subjected to conventional heating at a temperature of 60°C and heated in a microwave field. Depending on the type of honey, the temperature obtained in the microwaves was in the range of 48 and 69°C. After processing, honeys were stored for 3 months in uniform condition (ambient temperature, darkness, constant humidity) and subsequently reanalyzed. Oversized decrease in the value of diastase number was found in only two cases of honeys exposed to microwave field (after storage). Under the experiment conditions, there was no clear changes in the HMF concentration The largest increase was found in the case of acacia (A‐CD) and buckwheat (B‐B) honeys. For these types of honeys, increase in HMF concentration was of 2 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg, respectively. The biggest impact of the microwave irradiation was observed on the invertase activity. All the tested honeys, especially those subjected to microwave irradiation, showed a statistically significant decrease (five times the initial value) in the activity of this enzyme. Decrease in the diastase activity in microwaved honeys was from 6.8 to 3.7° Schade in case of acacia honey (A‐B) from 27.0 to 11.6°Schade in case of buckwheat (B‐OSP) honey.Practical ApplicationsThe research is valuable for preserving quality of natural products, i.e., honey. The use of thermal treatment of honey is particularly important in countries with tropical climates. This is due to the danger of spontaneous fermentation of honey. Thermal processing of honey is also used for other practical reasons (filling and packaging, preventing crystallization). From practical point of view, it is worth to point out that the use of microwave irradiation, despite advantages such as shorter heat exposure time appears to be unacceptable in the case of honey processing due to its destructive effect on the enzymes present in the product.
Low‐Temperature Extraction of Jamun Juice (Indian Black Berry) and Optimization of Enzymatic Clarification Using Box‐Behnken Design
Authors: Ghosh Payel , Pradhan Rama Chandra , Mishra Sabyasachi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractExtracting juice from Jamun is difficult. The fruit consists a seed inside and cell wall consists of high amount of pectin‐protein bond which makes the pulp thicker. The Box‐Behnken design is a type of response surface design which is as useful as the central composite designs but avoiding treatment combinations that are in extreme. The objective of the study is to develop a process for optimization of process parameter to obtain Jamun juice using pectinase enzyme from the strain Aspergillus niger at different temperature (30–50°C), concentration (0.01–0.1% w/v) and time (40–120 min). Physical parameters (yield, turbidity, viscosity, clarity and color) and chemical parameters (polyphenol, protein, TSS and total solid) were evaluated as response variables. Significant regression models with a coefficient of determination (R2) was established with a value more than 0.9. The recommended enzyme for clarification of juice was 0.09% enzyme concentration at 33°C for 75 min.Practical ApplicationsThe juice of Jamun as well as the concentrate has a high‐therapeutic value. A fresh fruit contains all the nutrients needed for good health, but because it may not always be possible to obtain fresh food, preservation becomes necessary. The cell structure of fruit contains protein‐pectin bond and high amount of tannin. Due to this nature removal of juice is difficult. Using of enzyme to clarify the juice not only increase the yield but retained the original physicochemical properties of the juice. To get the juice through out the year and to help the diabetic people this study is useful.