bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial sleeve fractures in elite‐athletes: A heterogeneous group, anatomical and case‐based considerations
Authors: Ramsodit Kishan R. , Zwiers Ruben , Dalmau‐Pastor Miki , Gouttebarge Vincent , Maas Mario , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide a detailed description of the anatomy and radiology of the medial sleeve and present an approach in its management among elite athletes.MethodsFive cases of elite athletes who underwent treatment for a medial sleeve injury of which the diagnosis was confirmed through physical examination and additional magnetic resonance imaging scan are described in this study.ResultsTwo patients presented with isolated medial sleeve injuries, while the other three patients suffered from concomitant ankle injuries. Non‐operative treatment consisted of relative rest, soft cast immobilization and mobilization in a walking boot or kinesiotape which was successful in four of the cases with regard to the medial sleeve. One patient underwent surgery due to syndesmotic instability. Another patient presented with combined medial and lateral ankle instability which was treated surgically with an open medial and lateral ligament repair. All patients were able to return to their pre‐injury sports and at the time of the last follow‐up were still playing in their pre‐injury level of competition.ConclusionMedial sleeve injuries of the ankle in elite athletes should be considered in the differential diagnosis for athletes presenting with medial ankle pain. Inherent knowledge regarding anatomy is essential when guiding the management of these injuries which can be treated successfully with a non‐operative approach consisting of relative rest, immobilization, kinesiotape and physical therapy. In case of persistent medial instability or rotational instability, surgical repair is a viable treatment option. Both modalities allow athletes to return to the pre‐injury level of competition. However, early diagnosis is crucial to minimize the delay of appropriate treatment and avoid potential residual symptoms.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Cost Analysis of Avoiding Gastrostomy Tube in Robin Sequence Neonates that Undergo Mandibular Distraction
Authors: Belcher Ryan H. , Patel Kalpana , Goudy Steven , Gelbard Alexander , Hatch L. Dupree , Morris Emily A. , Golinko Michael , Phillips James D. , Scott Andrew 
Published: October 2024

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate costs associated with perioperative gastrostomy tube (G‐tube) placement for neonates with Robin sequence (PRS) that undergo mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO).MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed to examine the medical records of neonates with RS who received treatment at our institution between 2012 and 2021. Patients under 6 months of age that underwent MDO for RS were included. Billing records of hospital costs over a 2‐year period were analyzed.ResultsThe study included 26 total patients with 11 in the MDO‐only group, 9 in G‐tube after MDO group, and 6 in G‐tube before MDO group. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in total hospital costs between groups with MDO‐only group averaging $119,532 (SD 33,503), the G‐tube after MDO group averaging $245,315 (SD 102,327), and G‐tube before MDO group averaging $252,300 (SD 84,990). Multiple linear regression was performed controlling for genetic syndrome and birth weight, which still showed a statistically significant difference in total cost between the MDO‐only group and G‐tube after MDO (p = 0.006), and between the MDO‐only group and G‐tube prior to MDO (p = 0.01). There was a significant difference in costs between all three groups for total inpatient/outpatient costs with MDO‐only group averaging $78,502 (SD 30,953), the G‐tube after MDO group averaging $176,125 (SD 84,315), and the G‐tube prior to MDO group averaging $156,309 (SD 95,746).ConclusionsMDO performed without perioperative G‐tube placement may reduce charges by >$100,000. The associated improvement of dysphagia after MDO surgery and potential for avoiding a G‐tube has tremendous downstream cost and social benefits for families.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 135:1192–1198, 2025
Application of Sortase‐Mediated Ligation for the Synthesis of Block Copolymers and Protein‐Polymer Conjugates
Authors: Martin Johannes , Michaelis Marcus , Petrović Saša , Lehnen Anne‐Catherine , Müllers Yannic , Wendler Petra , Möller Heiko M. , Hartlieb Matthias , Glebe Ulrich 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSortase‐mediated ligation (SML) has become a powerful tool for site‐specific protein modification. However, sortase A (SrtA) suffers from low catalytic efficiency and mediates an equilibrium reaction. Therefore, ligations with large macromolecules may be challenging. Here, the synthesis of polymeric building blocks for sortase‐mediated ligation constituting peptide‐polymers with either the recognition sequence for sortase A (LPX1TGX2) or its nucleophilic counterpart (Gx) is demonstrated. The peptide‐polymers are synthesized by solid‐phase peptide synthesis followed by photo‐iniferter (PI) reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization of various monomers. The building blocks are subsequently utilized to investigate possibilities and limitations when using macromolecules in SML. In particular, diblock copolymers are obtained even when using the orthogonal building blocks in equimolar ratio by exploiting a technique to shift the reaction equilibrium. However, ligations of two polymers can not be achieved when the degree of polymerization exceeds 100. Subsequently, C‐terminal protein‐polymer conjugates are synthesized. Several polymers are utilized that can replace the omnipresent polyethylene glycol (PEG) in future therapeutics. The conjugation is exemplified with a nanobody that is known for efficient neutralization of SARS‐CoV‐2. The study demonstrates a universal approach to polymer‐LPX1TGX2 and Gx‐polymer building blocks and gives insight into their application in SML.
Recent Advances in Self‐Assembling Peptide‐Based Nanomaterials for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Ziyi , Tang Runqun , Liu Xiaoyang , Liang Gaolin , Sun Xianbao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSelf‐assembling peptide‐based materials with ordered nanostructures possess advantages such as good biocompatibility and biodegradability, superior controllability, and ease of chemical modification. Through covalent conjugation or non‐covalent encapsulation, photosensitizers (PSs) can be carried by self‐assembling peptide‐based nanomaterials for targeted delivery towards tumor tissues. This improves the stability, solubility, and tumor accumulation of PSs, as well as reduces their dark toxicity. More importantly, these nanomaterials can be tailored with responsiveness to tumor microenvironment, which enables smart release of PSs for precise and enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this review, the self‐assembly of peptide from the perspective of driving forces is first described, and various self‐assembling peptide materials with zero to 3D nanostructures are subsequently highlighted for PDT of cancers in recent years. Finally, an outlook in this field is provided to motivate fabrication of advanced PDT nanomaterials.
Recent Advances in Ionic Liquid‐Based Hybrid Materials for Electroactive Soft Actuator Applications
Authors: Fernandes L.C. , Correia D.M. , Costa C.M. , Lanceros‐Mendez S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractActuator systems are among the most noteworthy aspects of the rapidly expanding field of smart and multifunctional materials, which is having a substantial impact on a number of application areas. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a particularly relevant option for the development of hybrid materials for actuator applications, because of their simple processing and tailored response. This review work focuses on ionic liquid‐based polymer blends for soft actuator applications. The main properties of IL for these applications are highlighted and the state of the art of actuator devices is presented by the type of polymer matrix. Finally, the main conclusions and future trends are presented, in order to properly tailor the characteristics and functional response of IL‐blends for actuator applications.
The Effect of Venous Augmentation on Complication Rates in Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Germann Alexander , Palines Patrick , Doran Hannah , Melancon Devin M. , St. Hilaire Hugo , Allen Robert J. , Stalder Mark 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWith the rising popularity of the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap in breast reconstruction, use of the superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) to augment venous outflow has been proposed as a strategy to prevent venous congestion, a complication positively associated with flap volume. This study evaluated the impact of routine SIEV venous augmentation on the risk of vascular complications or operative fat necrosis in the context of flap size and operating time.MethodsA retrospective cohort study compared complication rates of patients with SIEV‐augmented DIEP flaps to controls over a 3‐year period. Outcomes assessed included vascular complications, defined as venous congestion or compromise requiring take‐back, partial flap necrosis, total flap loss, as well as operative fat necrosis. Relative risk was modeled by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess for an interaction effect by flap mass.ResultsThe study sample included 197 patients with 316 flaps. The mean mass of the SIEV‐augmented flaps was significantly greater than in the control group (832.9 vs. 653.9 g; p = 0.0007). After adjustment for flap characteristics, patient demographic factors, and comorbidities, pooled risk of vascular complication and operative fat necrosis was found to be significantly lower in the SIEV‐augmented group compared to controls (hazard ratio = 0.33, 95% CI [0.11–1.00]; p = 0.0489). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated no effect interaction by flap weight (p = 0.5139).ConclusionRoutine venous outflow augmentation via anastomosis of SIEV to the internal mammary vein perforator at the second intercostal space significantly reduced the risk of vascular complications and operative fat necrosis, regardless of flap weight. No significant increase in operative time was observed among cases in which augmentation was performed.
Implementation of the Zienkiewicz–Pande Model into a Four‐Dimensional Lattice Spring Model for Plasticity and Fracture
Authors: Wei Xin‐Dong , Li Zhe , Zhao Gao‐Feng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPlasticity and fracture problems have always been hot topics in numerical methods. In this work, a universal implementation procedure for the elasto‐plastic constitutive model is developed in the four‐dimensional lattice spring model (4D‐LSM), in which the Jaumann stress rate is incorporated to exclude the influence of the rigid rotation in the particle stress, expanding the ability of 4D‐LSM to deal with large elastic deformation problems by its own to large plastic deformation problems. As an example, the Zienkiewicz–Pande (ZP) constitutive model is implemented. Several numerical examples are carried out to check the performance of the implemented model. Through a comparison with analytical solutions, available experimental data, and other numerical results, the stability of the developed plastic framework and the correctness of the stress calculation scheme are verified. Meanwhile, numerical results show that the developed code is capable of solving elasto‐plastic large deformation problems. With the advantage of 4D‐LSM in handling fracture problems, the ability of the embedded model to solve plastic fracture problems is verified with a simple maximum deformation failure criterion.
Accelerated 2D radial Look‐Locker T1 mapping using a deep learning‐based rapid inversion recovery sampling technique
Authors: Ahanonu Eze , Goerke Ute , Johnson Kevin , Toner Brian , Martin Diego R. , Deshpande Vibhas , Bilgin Ali , Altbach Maria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEfficient abdominal coverage with T1‐mapping methods currently available in the clinic is limited by the breath hold period (BHP) and the time needed for T1 recovery. This work develops a T1‐mapping framework for efficient abdominal coverage based on rapid T1 recovery curve (T1RC) sampling, slice‐selective inversion, optimized slice interleaving, and a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based T1 estimation. The effect of reducing the T1RC sampling was evaluated by comparing T1 estimates from T1RC ranging from 0.63 to 2.0 s with reference T1 values obtained from T1RC = 2.5–5 s. Slice interleaving methodologies were evaluated by comparing the T1 variation in abdominal organs across slices. The repeatability of the proposed framework was demonstrated by performing acquisition on test subjects across imaging sessions. Analysis of in vivo data based on retrospectively shortening the T1RC showed that with the CNN framework, a T1RC = 0.84 s yielded T1 estimates without significant changes in mean T1 (p > 0.05) or significant increase in T1 variability (p > 0.48) compared to the reference. Prospectively acquired data using T1RC = 0.84 s, an optimized slice interleaving scheme, and the CNN framework enabled 21 slices in a 20 s BHP. Analyses across abdominal organs produced T1 values within 2% of the reference. Repeatability experiments yielded Pearson's correlation, repeatability coefficient, and coefficient of variation of 0.99, 2.5%, and 0.12%, respectively. The proposed T1 mapping framework provides full abdominal coverage within a single BHP.
Academic resilience of nursing students during COVID‐19: An analysis using machine learning methods
Authors: Jiesisibieke Zhu Liduzi , Ye Mao , Xu Weifang , Chuang Yen‐Ching , Liou James J. H. , Tung Tao‐Hsin , Chien Ching‐Wen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThis cross‐sectional study investigates the factors that contribute to academic resilience among nursing students during COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA survey was conducted in a general hospital between November and December 2022. The Nursing Student Academic Resilience Inventory (NSARI) model was used to assess the academic resilience of 96 nursing students. The Boruta method was then used to identify the core factors influencing overall academic resilience, and rough set analysis was used to analyse the behavioural patterns associated with these factors.ResultsAttributes were categorised into three importance levels. Three statistically significant attributes were identified (“I earn my patient's trust by making suitable communication,” “I receive support from my instructors,” and “I try to endure academic hardship”) based on comparison with shadow attributes. The rough set analysis showed nine main behavioural patterns. Random forest, support vector machines, and backpropagation artificial neural networks were used to test the performance of the model, with accuracies ranging from 73.0% to 76.9%.ConclusionOur results provide possible strategies for improving academic resilience and competence of nursing students.
The fate of bones after grave reopening: Bone taphonomy and preservation in Sarmatian sites in Serbia
Authors: Šarkić Tamara , Djurić Marija 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe skeletal material from Sarmatian cemeteries in the Pannonian Plain (Hungary, Romania, Serbia), dating from the first to the fifth century ce, has exhibited poor preservation. This has been attributed to historical grave robbery, although no analysis of the skeletal remains or taphonomic processes has been conducted. A recent study focused on statistically assessing skeletal preservation and taphonomic examinations of skeletal remains from 152 graves in the Vojvodina territory (Serbia), utilizing interdisciplinary methodologies. The study found that grave reopening in the past contributed to bone fragmentation in two ways: first, by directly damaging and scattering the bones and, second, by leaving the skeletal material exposed to surface and weathering conditions for an extended period. Additionally, the Sarmatian burial practice of placing the dead in solid tree trunk coffins has also resulted in poor skeletal preservation, as indicated by coffin wear modifications on the bones. This research has provided new insights into the various anthropogenic and natural processes that affect skeletal remains from reopened graves, thereby supporting the reconstruction of Sarmatian funerary archeology.
The Barriers and Facilitators of Shared Decision Making in Pediatric Otolaryngology: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Khan Usman , Luther Erin , Cassidy Christine E. , Boss Emily , Meister Kara D. , Bohm Lauren , Elise Graham M. , Hong Paul 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify barriers and facilitators to implementing shared decision making (SDM) in pediatric otolaryngology.Study DesignA qualitative study.SettingSemistructured interviews of pediatric otolaryngologists.MethodsThe Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was used as a guide for data collection and analysis to consider capability, opportunity, and motivation (COM‐B) factors. The focal surgical procedures were tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, and tympanostomy tube placement. Deductive and inductive coding of interview transcripts according to TDF/COM‐B domains were performed by 2 separate reviewers.ResultsA total of 11 interviews were conducted to achieve data saturation. The 4 dominant themes were: (1) inconsistent inclusion of SDM elements in practice, (2) social influences from parents, (3) environmental context, and (4) applicability of SDM in otolaryngology. Theme 1 identified that surgeons perceived SDM as a feature of their practice. However, the discussion of parents' values was seen as less explicit and structured interview formats were not commonly employed. Theme 2 demonstrated that surgeons saw parents' preconsult “agenda” as influencing their openness to consider multiple treatment options. Theme 3 pointed to the barriers of short appointment times, challenges in the use of support staff and lack of decision aids. Theme 4 emphasized surgeons' belief in the value of SDM and that parents' involvement in decision making reduced likelihood of decisional regret.ConclusionPediatric otolaryngologists strongly support the value of SDM during clinical encounters, particularly to allow parent ownership of decisions regarding treatment. The major barriers were lack of clinical translation of SDM knowledge, social influences, and environmental factors.
APRIL/BAFF upregulation is associated with clonal B‐cell expansion in Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis
Authors: Horie Masafumi , Akiyama Yoshiyuki , Katoh Hiroto , Taguchi Satoru , Nakamura Masaki , Mizuguchi Keishi , Ito Yukinobu , Matsushita Takashi , Ushiku Tetsuo , Ishikawa Shumpei , Goto Akiteru , Kume Haruki , Homma Yukio , Maeda Daichi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHunner‐type interstitial cystitis (HIC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder with an unknown etiology. We conducted comprehensive immunogenomic profiling of bladder specimens obtained by biopsy and cystectomy from 37 patients with HIC. Next‐generation RNA sequencing demonstrated abundant plasma cell infiltration with frequent light chain restriction in HIC‐affected bladder tissue. Subsequent analysis of the B‐cell receptor repertoire revealed spatial and temporal expansion of B‐cell clones. The extent of B‐cell clonal expansion was significantly correlated with the gene expression levels of TNFSF13 and TNFSF13B, which encode APRIL and BAFF, respectively. These findings indicate that APRIL and BAFF are the key regulators of clonal B‐cell expansion in HIC and might serve as therapeutic targets in this debilitating disease. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Multi‐objective stiffness and mass optimization of bio‐inspired hierarchical grid‐honeycomb sandwich structures with cutouts considering buckling constraints
Authors: Lv Hangyu , Shi Shanshan , Chen Bingzhi , Wen Zhichao , Sun Zhi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe engineering structures with cutouts should consider both buckling and stiffness. Inspired by the multi‐level leaf veins, in this paper, the skeleton of the grid‐honeycomb sandwich structure was designed in the hierarchical form, and combined with the cutout characteristics of the side walls of the railway vehicle body, the multi‐objective stiffness and mass optimization of the skeleton layout under buckling constraints was achieved. The cutout honeycomb sandwich structure was designed with orthogonal grids in the stiffness design area and curved grids based on the quadratic polynomial in the buckling design area. The optimization model also included the linear angle hierarchical grid, the constant angle hierarchical grid, and the single‐level orthogonal grid. The multi‐objective optimization framework based on the Radial Basis Function (RBF) surrogate model and the Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA‐II) was developed. The optimization results indicated that the hierarchical grid provided the more extensive design space. The optimal solution of the quadratic polynomial hierarchical grid had the highest stiffness and stiffness per unit mass compared to the rest of the grid layouts, which were 23.28% and 30.47% higher than the single‐level orthogonal grid, respectively. Finally, the multi‐order eigenvalue buckling was analyzed based on the optimal structure.Highlights
Layout of hierarchical grids proposed inspired by multi‐level leaf veins.
Orthogonal grids ensure stiffness and curved grids inhibit buckling at cutouts.
Apply the hierarchical grids as skeletons to honeycomb sandwich structures.
Stiffness and mass optimization subject to buckling constraints is performed.
Bridging the gap: A novel approach for predicting the Young's modulus of nanodiamond polymer composites
Authors: Nematollahi Hadi , Mohammadi Mohsen , Munir Muhammad Tajammal , Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, we present a model for predicting the Young's modulus of polymer/nanodiamond (ND) composites, taking into account the interphase properties. The Christensen‐Lo model is adapted and refined to predict the modulus of ND‐based nanocomposites by considering the properties of spherical NDs and their surrounding interphase. The outcomes of the developed model are benchmarked against experimental data, exploring the impact of various parameters, such as ND radius, ND concentration, and interphase properties (thickness and modulus) on the nanocomposite modulus. Findings suggest an inverse correlation between the size of the nanoparticles and the modulus of nanocomposite. Specifically, it is observed that nanoparticles with a minimum radius of 1 nm and a maximum concentration of 5 vol% can increase the nanocomposite modulus by 180%. Additionally, maximum thickness and modulus of the interphase can significantly improve the nanocomposite modulus. The highest interphase thickness of 10 nm and maximum interphase modulus of 100 GPa can grow the modulus of samples by 300%. The predicted influences of all parameters on the nanocomposite modulus validate the accuracy of the developed model.Highlights
A model for the Young's modulus of polymer nanodiamond (ND) composites is presented.
ND radius, ND concentration, and interphase thickness and modulus are considered.
The outcomes of the developed model are compared to the experimental data.
5 vol% of the smallest ND (R = 1 nm) increases the nanocomposite modulus by 180%.
The thickest and the toughest interphase enhance the nanocomposite modulus by 300%.