bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Force-, Velocity-, and Power-Time Curves Between the Concentric-Only and Eccentric-Concentric Bench Press Exercises
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Comfort Paul , McMahon John J. , Pestaña-Melero Francisco L. , García-Ramos Amador 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Pérez-Castilla, A, Comfort, P, McMahon, JJ, Pestaña-Melero, FL, and García-Ramos, A. Comparison of the force-, velocity-, and power-time curves between the concentric-only and eccentric-concentric bench press exercises. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1618–1624, 2020—The aim of this study was to compare the temporal and mechanical variables between the concentric-only and eccentric-concentric bench press (BP) variants. Twenty-one men (age: 22.0 ± 4.2 years, body mass: 73.4 ± 7.7 kg, height: 177.2 ± 8.0 cm; 1 repetition maximum [1RM]: 1.12 ± 0.12 kg·kg−1) were evaluated during the concentric-only and eccentric-concentric BP variants using 80% 1RM. Temporal (concentric phase duration, propulsive phase duration, and time to reach the maximum values of force, velocity, and power) and mechanical variables (force, velocity, and power), determined using a linear velocity transducer, were compared between both BP variants. All temporal variables were significantly lower during the eccentric-concentric BP compared with the concentric-only BP (p ≤ 0.05; effect size [ES] range: 0.80–2.52). Maximum force as well as the mean values of velocity and power were significantly higher for the eccentric-concentric BP compared with the concentric-only BP (all p < 0.001; ES range: 2.87–3.58). However, trivial to small differences between both BP variants were observed for mean force (ES: 0.00–0.36) as well as for maximum velocity (ES: 0.40) and power (ES: 0.41). The stretch-shortening cycle (i.e., eccentric-concentric BP) mainly enhanced force production at the early portion of the concentric phase, but this potentiation effect gradually reduced over the latter part of the movement. Finally, force was higher for the concentric-only BP during 49% of the concentric phase duration. These results suggest that both BP variants should be included during resistance training programs to optimize force output at different points of the concentric phase.
Pronounced Hyperactivity, Cognitive Dysfunctions, and BDNF Dysregulation in Dopamine Transporter Knock-out Rats
Authors: Leo Damiana , Sukhanov Ilya , Zoratto Francesca , Illiano Placido , Caffino Lucia , Sanna Fabrizio , Messa Giulia , Emanuele Marco , Esposito Alessandro , Dorofeikova Mariia , Budygin Evgeny A. , Mus Liudmila , Efimova Evgenia V. , Niello Marco , Espinoza Stefano , Sotnikova Tatyana D. , Hoener Marius C. , Laviola Giovanni , Fumagalli Fabio , Adriani Walter , Gainetdinov Raul R. 
Published: January 2018

Dopamine (DA) controls many vital physiological functions and is critically involved in several neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The major function of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (DAT) is the rapid uptake of released DA into presynaptic nerve terminals leading to control of both the extracellular levels of DA and the intracellular stores of DA. Here, we present a newly developed strain of rats in which the gene encoding DAT knockout Rats (DAT-KO) has been disrupted by using zinc finger nuclease technology. Male and female DAT-KO rats develop normally but weigh less than heterozygote and wild-type rats and demonstrate pronounced spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity. While striatal extracellular DA lifetime and concentrations are significantly increased, the total tissue content of DA is markedly decreased demonstrating the key role of DAT in the control of DA neurotransmission. Hyperactivity of DAT-KO rats can be counteracted by amphetamine, methylphenidate, the partial Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist RO5203648 ((S)-4-(3,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-ylamine) and haloperidol. DAT-KO rats also demonstrate a deficit in working memory and sensorimotor gating tests, less propensity to develop obsessive behaviors and show strong dysregulation in frontostriatal BDNF function. DAT-KO rats could provide a novel translational model for human diseases involving aberrant DA function and/or mutations affecting DAT or related regulatory mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere, we present a newly developed strain of rats in which the gene encoding the dopamine transporter (DAT) has been disrupted (Dopamine Transporter Knockout rats [DAT-KO rats]). DAT-KO rats display functional hyperdopaminergia accompanied by pronounced spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity. Hyperactivity of DAT-KO rats can be counteracted by amphetamine, methylphenidate, and a few other compounds exerting inhibitory action on dopamine-dependent hyperactivity. DAT-KO rats also demonstrate cognitive deficits in working memory and sensorimotor gating tests, less propensity to develop compulsive behaviors, and strong dysregulation in frontostriatal BDNF function. These observations highlight the key role of DAT in the control of brain dopaminergic transmission. DAT-KO rats could provide a novel translational model for human diseases involving aberrant dopamine functions.
Differential Contributions of Nucleus Accumbens Subregions to Cue-Guided Risk/Reward Decision Making and Implementation of Conditional Rules
Authors: Floresco Stan B. , Montes David R. , Tse Maric M.T. , van Holstein Mieke 
Published: January 2018

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key node within corticolimbic circuitry for guiding action selection and cost/benefit decision making in situations involving reward uncertainty. Preclinical studies have typically assessed risk/reward decision making using assays where decisions are guided by internally generated representations of choice-outcome contingencies. Yet, real-life decisions are often influenced by external stimuli that inform about likelihoods of obtaining rewards. How different subregions of the NAc mediate decision making in such situations is unclear. Here, we used a novel assay colloquially termed the “Blackjack” task that models these types of situations. Male Long–Evans rats were trained to choose between one lever that always delivered a one-pellet reward and another that delivered four pellets with different probabilities [either 50% (good-odds) or 12.5% (poor-odds)], which were signaled by one of two auditory cues. Under control conditions, rats selected the large/risky option more often on good-odds versus poor-odds trials. Inactivation of the NAc core caused indiscriminate choice patterns. In contrast, NAc shell inactivation increased risky choice, more prominently on poor-odds trials. Additional experiments revealed that both subregions contribute to auditory conditional discrimination. NAc core or shell inactivation reduced Pavlovian approach elicited by an auditory CS+, yet shell inactivation also increased responding during presentation of a CS−. These data highlight distinct contributions for NAc subregions in decision making and reward seeking guided by discriminative stimuli. The core is crucial for implementation of conditional rules, whereas the shell refines reward seeking by mitigating the allure of larger, unlikely rewards and reducing expression of inappropriate or non-rewarded actions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUsing external cues to guide decision making is crucial for adaptive behavior. Deficits in cue-guided behavior have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia, which in turn has been linked to aberrant processing in the nucleus accumbens. However, many preclinical studies have often assessed risk/reward decision making in the absence of explicit cues. The current study fills that gap by using a novel task that allows for the assessment of cue-guided risk/reward decision making in rodents. Our findings identified distinct yet complementary roles for the medial versus lateral portions of this nucleus that provide a broader understanding of the differential contributions it makes to decision making and reward seeking guided by discriminative stimuli.
Detecting Polygenic Adaptation in Admixture Graphs
Authors: Racimo Fernando , Berg Jeremy J , Pickrell Joseph K 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPolygenic adaptation occurs when natural selection changes the average value of a complex trait in a population, via small shifts in allele frequencies at many loci. Here, Racimo, Berg, and Pickrell present a method...An open question in human evolution is the importance of polygenic adaptation: adaptive changes in the mean of a multifactorial trait due to shifts in allele frequencies across many loci. In recent years, several methods have been developed to detect polygenic adaptation using loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Though powerful, these methods suffer from limited interpretability: they can detect which sets of populations have evidence for polygenic adaptation, but are unable to reveal where in the history of multiple populations these processes occurred. To address this, we created a method to detect polygenic adaptation in an admixture graph, which is a representation of the historical divergences and admixture events relating different populations through time. We developed a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to infer branch-specific parameters reflecting the strength of selection in each branch of a graph. Additionally, we developed a set of summary statistics that are fast to compute and can indicate which branches are most likely to have experienced polygenic adaptation. We show via simulations that this method—which we call PolyGraph—has good power to detect polygenic adaptation, and applied it to human population genomic data from around the world. We also provide evidence that variants associated with several traits, including height, educational attainment, and self-reported unibrow, have been influenced by polygenic adaptation in different populations during human evolution.
Šekspyro meilės poezijos neišverčiamumas
Authors: Acim Rachid 
Published: January 2018

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
Translating Shakespeare’s poetry has been one of the most arduous questions that has pained many translators, researchers and academics worldwide. As this poetry involves many rhetorical devices, alternating between the use of keen imagery and intertextuality, it not only lends itself to ambiguity but also to untranslatability; moreover, the use of figures of speech such as similes, synecdoche and metaphors accord this poetry a discursive power that does not recede despite the evolution of the English language and the death of the poet many centuries ago. And while this poetry addresses a whole galaxy of themes, it projects Shakespeare himself as a cosmopolitan figure not limited to time or even space. The present study seeks to assess and evaluate the translation solutions given as concerns Shakespeare’s poetry on the theme of “love”. To achieve this aim, I suggest employing a contrastive analysis between the English and Arabic poetic text, with a view to exploring whether or not the core of this poetry has been preserved. My assumption is that the stylistic aspects and aesthetic properties of the original poetic text are lost due to the intentional or unintentional intervention of the translator.
ES reglamentai: leksinių samplaikų vertimo iš anglų į lietuvių kalbą tendencijos
Authors: Noreika Mantas , Šeškauskienė Inesa 
Published: January 2018

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
Based on the theoretical framework of lexical bundle research developed by Biber et al. (2004) and on Sinclair’s (1991) observations on the compositionality of meaning and delexicalisation of formulaic language, the present study analyses four-word lexical bundles found in English EU legal discourse, focusing on their structural and semantic properties and tendencies of their translation into Lithuanian. The study examines a selection of 43 lexical bundles with a total of 791 unique instances in the corpus, extracted from a self-designed 59,579-word corpus representing EU legal English comprised of five regulations on health claims and food labelling. The results show that lexical bundles can be rendered into Lithuanian as single lexical or function words, phrases, dependent clauses, through the grammatical category of case, or omitted altogether. The length of the translated bundles suggests that there is a tendency to choose a shorter way of rendering them into Lithuanian. High variability of the translations of some lexical bundles points to a lack of their stability in Lithuanian, which might be due to a number of reasons, including a lack of agreement among translators and a much shorter tradition of legal translation into Lithuanian.
Dialekto vertimas grožinėje literatūroje. Atvejo analizė
Authors: Semėnaitė Viktorija , Maskaliūnienė Nijolė 
Published: January 2018

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
The article focuses on the translation of dialect in fiction. Many authors regard it as one of the most complicated issues in translation because the translator has to make a choice between translating it as a language in its own right or make an attempt to make the translation sound “dialectal”. In many cases dialect serves specific functions of characterising protagonists, creating a special atmosphere or setting in the Source Text. The translator’s role is to transfer these functions into the Target Text for a reader of the translation. This article aims to identify the ways in which dialogue is translated from English into Lithuanian in the example of Burnett’s book for children, The Secret Garden, with a special focus on its functions in the Source Text. This book was chosen because critics almost unanimously claim that the Yorkshire dialect employed in it serves as a protagonist itself, therefore its role is very important for the development of the narrative, and, as such, cannot be ignored in translation. The study is based on the analysis of dialectal markers (phonetical, lexical, syntactic and morphological), and the ways they are rendered in the text. Reference is made to the ten strategies of dialect translation proposed by Leszek Berezowski (1997), including neutralization, lexicalization, partial translation, transliteration, pidginization and others. The results of this analysis show that the translator used fewer dialectal markers than there were in the original, and the most common translation strategy was neutralisation. Yet, those instances that were selected as important for the development of the narrative were rendered using strategies of lexicalization and colloquialization. This way the translator managed to preserve the coherence of the text, and the functions and stylistics of the work.
Assessment of siRNA as a therapeutic molecule in Transient Receptor Potential Channel 5 gene silencing: a computational approach
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Bhooma , Padmanabhan Giri , Ramanathan Kumaresan 
Published: January 2018

Background: Ion channels play a crucial role in Glomerular filter damage that contributes to albuminuria. Transient receptor potential channel 5 (TRPC5) gene mediating such damage, demand for its target specific inhibition by RNA interference mechanism. Designing and selecting potential siRNA for TRPC5 gene silencing by computational analysis.
Materials & Methods: The mRNA sequence was retrieved from NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information). siRNA sequences were designed specifically from target genes using InvivoGen siRNA wizard software. Thermodynamic RNA-RNA interactions were used to evaluate the gene silencing efficiency by minimum free energy of hybridization; the hybridization structures were also obtained using BIBISERV2-RNAHybrid.
Results: The minimum free energy of hybridization of the three designed siRNAs (siRNA1, siRNA2 and siRNA3) were as follows: -28.2 kcal/mol, -24.1 kcal/mol, and-25.6 kcal/mol. Their corresponding GC content were 47.62%, 52.38% and 47.62%, respectively. Thus, siRNA1 had the least minimum free energy of hybridization (i.e. -28.2 kcal/mol) with low GC content (47.62%), and high linearity with minimal h-b index and loop structure.
Conclusion: RNAi therapy can provide a new platform for efficient and targeted therapeutics. Further in vivo investigations are necessary to further validate their efficacy.
Integrable geodesic flows on tubular sub-manifolds
Authors: Уотерс Томас 
Published: January 2018

In this paper we construct a new class of surfaces whose geodesic flow is integrable (in the sense of Liouville). We do so by generalizing the notion of tubes about curves to 3-dimensional manifolds, and using Jacobi fields we derive conditions under which the metric of the generalized tubular sub-manifold admits an ignorable coordinate. Some examples are given, demonstrating that these special surfaces can be quite elaborate and varied.
О канонических квази-геодезических отображениях рекуррентно-параболических пространств
Authors: Курбатова Ірина Миколаївна , Лозієнко Дар'я Віталівна 
Published: January 2018

Продолжается изучение введенных ранее квази-геодезических отображений рекуррентно-параболических пространств. Выделен специальный класс таких отображений - канонические квази-геодезические отображения. Построены геометрические объекты, инвариантные относительно рассматриваемых отображений. Найдены метрики рекуррентно-параболических пространств, допускающих канонические квази-геодезические отображения на плоское пространство. Указаны рекуррентно-параболические пространства с векторными полями определенного типа, допускающие нетривиальные канонические квази-геодезические отображения.
Production and economics of carp polyculture in ponds stocked with wild and hatchery produced seeds
Authors: Khan Md. Rafiqual Islam , Parvez Md. Taskin , Talukder Mohammad Golam Sarowar , Hossain Md. Akhtar , Karim Md. Shamsul 
Published: January 2018

Lack of quality carp seeds is one of the major problems for fish production in Bangladesh. This experiment was conducted during July to December 2013 to study the production and economics of carp polyculture using wild and hatchery produced seeds in ponds in Faridpur district, Bangladesh. Seeds of native major carps (NMCs) (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) and non-native carps (NNCs) (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenophryngodon idella, Aristichthys nobilis and Cyprinus carpio) from four different sources were tested in feed and fertilizer based polyculture ponds under controlled mesocosm trials with four treatments (T1–T4), each with four replications. Combination, weight and density of the stocked species were same for all the treatments. Water quality parameters were monitored monthly and mean values were found within suitable range for fish farming. Mean final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and yield of L. rohita, C. catla and C. mrigala were found significantly (P < 0.05) higher with treatment T1, T3 and T2 respectively. Treatments T1, T2 and T3 varied more significantly (P < 0.05) than treatment T4 for total fish yield and cost benefit ratio. Polyculture of wild sourced NMCs and hatchery produced NNCs were found more profitable than aquaculture of hatchery produced NMCs and NNCs.
A confidential taboo under the shadow of Turkish culture for gynecological cancer patients: Sexuality
Authors: Korukcu Oznur 
Published: January 2018

This study was written as a review to discuss gender as a social taboo in women with gynecological cancer. The articles about culture, sexuality and gynecological cancer were retrieved from electronic databases: Pubmed, Google Scholar, EBSCOHOST, Scopus and Reference Series Turkey. Because of most of the people are conservative, talking on sexuality becomes a taboo not only for patients, but also for nurse in Turkey. Gynecological cancer diagnosis has an important impact on sexuality which is one of the basic human needs and crucial for the quality of life. Vaginal dryness and orgasm problems are the most common sexual troubles for gynecological cancer patients. Due to shame and social norms; patients may avoid talking about their sexual problems with nurse. Nurse should be aware for sexual care needs of gynecological cancer patients and have to encourage them for talking about their sexual life. Keywords: Gynecological cancers; sexuality; culture; sexual taboo.
Learning practice of a breaking bad news exercise by nursing student
Authors: Erawati Erna 
Published: January 2018

Learning practice of a breaking bad news exercise among nursing student presents a challenge. The aim of this study was to explored the nursing students to see the repeated their experience in giving nursing care on the patient and family. Analysis of nursing student learning practice may lead to improve their competency in breaking bad news. A purposive sampling with homogeneity category of 18 nursing students complete their experience through short writing during their learning practice in nursing diploma education. The qualitative data was explored by thematic content analysis method using NVivo. Three main learning practice themes were identified from the data of the nursing students through a reflecting emotions. The following themes emerged: preparation, communication and support. These themes reflected how learning practice of the nursing students when they applied breaking bad news exercise. Knowing the exercise is very important for successful a breaking bad news for nursing student. Keywords: Learning practice; breaking bad news; nursing students; qualitative study.
Attitudes towards violence scale in adults: A study of validity and reliability
Authors: Gur Emel 
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the "Adolescentsâ€™ Attitudesâ€™ Towards Violence Scale" for adults. The study group consisted of 321 adults over 18 years of age. It was used to â€œAdolescentsâ€™ Attitudesâ€™ Towards Violence Scaleâ€ which was 10 items on one dimension by developed Ã‡etin (2011) for data gathering. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the construct validity and Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients were calculated to determine reliability of As a result of the CFA, the 10 items on one-dimensional structure was not confirmed in adults. It was evaluated items of attitudes towards violence according to theoretical and CFA results and was organized adultsâ€™ attitudes towards violence as two dimensions. It was established 7 items on two-dimensional structure for adults. It was determined good fit in accordance with the goodness of fit indexes. They were sufficient for the scale (X2/sd = 2.44, RMSEA=0.067, GFI=0.97, CFI=0.98). The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients of the scale was calculated as .80.It is important to determine the attitudes of individualsâ€™ towards violence in the prevention of increasing violence in our day. Accordingly, â€œAttitudes Towards Violence Scale in Adultsâ€™â€ is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to determine the attitudes of adults. Keywords: Attitudes towards violence; adults; validity; reliability.