bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexibly Tunable Dual-mode Semiconductor Laser based on Amplified Feedback
Authors: Chen Huibin , You Zhenyu , Xu Kaize 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We propose and fabricate a monolithically integrated dual-mode semiconductor laser (DML) based on optical amplified feedback, where the adjustable optical self-injection feedback could induce dual-wavelength lasing, and the sub-millimeter total cavity length provides access to be microwave source. When keeping the injection current of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) be constant, inject different current for the segment of distributed feedback laser (DFB), we have achieved tunable microwave signal with different ranges of 10 GHz and 18 GHz respectively, which significantly simplifies the system configuration and reduces the footprint, power consumption and cost. Besides, through a special current injection scheme for the two-segment semiconductor laser, whole wavelength tuning with fixed wavelength spacing can also be realized. It provides a convenient and low-cost photonic solution for flexible and tunable microwave sources.
Land subsidence near Hanford and Corcoran, California, from Cryosat-2 altimetry and Sentinel-1A SAR imagery
Authors: Wei Shiang-Hung , Hwang Cheinway 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the Cryosat-2 (C2) altimeter as a tool for land subsidence monitoring. The study area is near Hanford and Corcoran, California, where land subsidence can affect the stability and alignment of rail infrastructure, potentially leading to increased maintenance costs and safety concerns. We analyzed vertical land displacements from 2010 to 2018 using C2 altimeter data corrected for waveform contamination, as well as two years of Sentinel-1A (S1A) Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) imagery. Our findings show that subsidence rates from C2 data reach up to 27 cm/year, consistent with GPS-derived rates within a few cm/year. The Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) technique applied to S1A imagery yields significant subsidence, exceeding 18 cm/year in the southeast of Corcoran. Correlations between vertical displacements and environmental factors were examined using GRACE-derived equivalent water heights and rainfall data, revealing coefficients of 0.635 and 0.608, respectively, which indicate strong relationships between groundwater depletion and surface elevation changes. These results emphasize the complex interactions between subsidence, climatic factors, and groundwater management. Our study integrates distributed sensors such as altimetry, SAR imagery and GPS to monitor land subsidence, providing crucial information to mitigate subsidence risks and ensure the stability of vital infrastructure projects such as the California High-Speed Rail.
LSTM-based Recurrent Neural Network Predicts Influenza-like-illness in Variable Climate Zones
Authors: Amendolara Alfred , Gowans Christopher , Barton Joshua , Payne Andrew , Sant David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Influenza virus is responsible for a recurrent, yearly epidemic in most temperate regions of the world. Flu has been responsible for a high disease burden in recent years, despite the confounding presence of SARS-CoV-2. However, the mechanisms behind seasonal variance in flu burden are not well understood. This study seeks to expand understanding of the impact of variable climate regions on seasonal flu trends. To that end, three climate regions have been selected. Each region represents a different ecological zone and provides different weather patterns.
Methods
A Long short-term memory (LSTM)-based recurrent neural network was used to predict influenza-like-illness trends for three separate locations: Hawaii, Vermont, and Nevada. Flu data were gathered from the Center for Disease Control as weekly influenza-like-illness (ILI) percentages. Weather data were collected from Visual Crossing and included temperature, wind speed, UV index, solar radiation, precipitation, and humidity. Data were prepared and the model was trained as described previously.
Results
All three regions showed strong seasonality of flu trends with Hawaii having the largest absolute ILI values. Temperature showed a moderate negative correlation with ILI in all three regions (Vermont = -54, Nevada = -0.56, Hawaii = -0.44). Humidity was moderately correlated in Nevada (0.47) and weakly correlated with ILI in Hawaii (0.22). Vermont ILI did not correlate with humidity. Precipitation and wind speed were weakly correlated in all three regions. Solar radiation and UV index showed moderate correlation in Vermont (-0.33, -0.36) and Nevada (-0.5263, -0.55), but only a weak correlation in Hawaii (-0.15, -0.18). When trained on the complete data sets, baseline model performances for all three datasets at + 1 week were equivalent. Models trained on one region and used to predict cross-regional data performed uniformly and equivalent to baseline.
Conclusions
Results indicate that climate variables were weak to moderate predictors in all regions. Initial modeling attempts revealed acceptable and uniform performance in all regions. When cross-regional predictions were made, performance remained uniform across all regions, implying that climate patterns may be more important than absolute climate values. Additionally, this data suggests that climate may not be as influential on flu trends as population-level human factors.
Unveiling the drivers of tropical Indian Ocean warming through machine learning-assisted surface wind
Authors: Guo Weihao , Zhang Rongwang , Wang Xin , Wang Chunzai , Li Xiaofeng , Han Weiqing , Zhang Lei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The tropical Indian Ocean has experienced pronounced warming trends in recent decades, with dynamical processes recognized as key drivers. However, the role of thermodynamic processes remains uncertain due to discrepancies in surface wind-induced heat flux across existing datasets. Here, we utilize a machine learning algorithm to integrate in-situ observations and satellite data, yielding a reliable surface wind dataset and corresponding air-sea heat flux spanning from 1950–2019 with a horizontal resolution of 1°×1°. Our analysis reveals a weakening of surface wind over the tropical Indian Ocean since 1950, supported by variations in sea surface height and thermocline depth. Consequently, thermodynamic processes associated with surface wind-induced heat flux promote warming in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean, accounting for 45% of the contributions of dynamical processes. These findings challenge reanalysis results but are aligned with state-of-the-art models, underscoring that the significance of thermodynamic processes is substantially underestimated by current reanalysis datasets.
Faraday rotation effect in a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing the Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2
Authors: Roumi Bita , Fallahi Vahid , Abdi-Ghaleh Reza 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we propose to use the Weyl semimetal- Co3Sn2S2 embedded between two Bragg reflectors to attain the Faraday rotation without an external magnetic field in the mid-infrared region. Our results show high optical transmittance peak of 60% and a corresponding Faraday rotation angle of approximately − 34˚ over the wavelength spectrum 7000–8000 nm. The increased Faraday rotation angle originated through the localization of the light inside the defect layer. We also explore how ambient temperature affects the transmission light intensity and the Faraday rotation angle, revealing that both can be modulated by the temperature-dependent conductivity of the Weyl semimetal. Furthermore, the impact of varying Co3Sn2S2 thicknesses on the transmission intensity and the Faraday rotation is investigated. It is observed that, with the increase in the thicknesses of Co3Sn2S2, the transmission intensity decreases while the Faraday rotation angle increases. Lastly, the influence of the number of layers on transmission intensity response and the corresponding Faraday rotation is investigated. The results show that an increase in the number of layers leads to a reduction in peak intensity and an augmentation in the Faraday rotation angle, which also shifts towards the shorter wavelengths.
Surface Defect Detection Algorithm for Printed Circuit Boards Based on SRG-DETR
Authors: Zhou Zhuguo , Lu Yujun , Lv Liye 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Defect detection in printed circuit boards (PCBs) presents significant challenges due to the small size of defect targets, high false detection rates, and difficulties in model deployment. We propose an advanced defect detection method based on SRG-DETR model to address these issues. This method first introduces a star operation into the backbone network of the model, thereby significantly improving the model's ability to capture global information from defect images and substantially enhancing the inference speed. Secondly, an explicit attenuation mechanism and two-dimensional spatial prior knowledge are integrated into the neck network, enhancing the model's capacity to capture fine details and semantic information of PCB surface defects. Finally, GSConv is employed to improve network efficiency and reduce its size, facilitating easier deployment. Comparative experiments on a public PCB dataset demonstrate that our algorithm increases mAP by 3.8% and precision by 2.9%. Moreover, the computation amount is reduced by 59.5%, resulting in a compact size of 14.4 MB and achieving 95.1 FPS. These improvements meet the demands for real-time detection and deployment in industrial cameras.
Porous carbons with complex 3D geometries via selective laser sintering of whey powder
Authors: Montes-Morán Miguel , Llamas-Unzueta Raúl , Reguera-García Alejandro , Menéndez J. Angel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In addition to the inherent limitations of carbons to melt or flow, a vast majority of carbon precursors deforms during carbonisation, with stereolithography of thermoset resins being the preferred technology for 3D printing of carbons. An alternative is now presented with the possibility of using a melting-based technology, selective laser sintering (SLS), to fabricate 3D structures that withstand carbonisation. The key factor that makes this happen is whey powder, a natural, abundant and cheap by-product of the dairy industry. When heating the whey powder with a laser at 180-200 ºC for a few seconds, whey particles sinter, and 3D structures are obtained layer-by-layer. Carbonisation of the sintered whey structures brings about 3D porous carbons with excellent mechanical properties that preserve the SLS printed form albeit an isotropical shrinkage. Melanoidins are identified as responsible for both the sintering and the thermoset behaviour during carbonisation of the whey powder.
Embracing Complexity in the Characterisation and Tracking of Neurodevelopment (ECCaToN): A Transdiagnostic Protocol
Authors: Madericova Karin , Talcott Joel B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background.
Neurodiverse diagnoses (NDs) are currently assessed through a variety of educational and/or medical pathways, all of which typically derive categorical diagnoses based on traditional diagnostic classification systems. However, converging research evidence has shown that this conventional approach inadequately captures the individual variation and overlaps that are commonly observed across NDs in their underlying dimensions. The purpose of this study is to build upon the emerging quantitative research framework, through adopting a transdiagnostic dimensional approach to characterising the complexity of the cognitive and affective dimensions that underpin broadly sampled NDs.
Methods.
A cohort of approximately 200 individuals (aged 16–50), who had been referred for assessment and/or sought help from support services for suspected or previously diagnosed developmental differences, is being recruited using convenience sampling. The cognitive domains of executive function, language, attention, processing speed and memory are being assessed using the National Institute of Health (NIH) Cognition Toolbox©. A mental health battery consisting of the Extended Strengths and Weaknesses Assessment of Normal Behaviour (E-SWAN), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ) is being administered to provide additional information on the internalising, externalising and emotion regulation dimensions of the affective difficulties that commonly co-occur with NDs. Data reduction techniques, clustering and dynamic network modelling, will be used to identify and explore the interactions between data-driven transdiagnostic clusters of individual cognitive and mental health profiles.
Discussion
. This study protocol allows for the exploration of developmental difficulties that cut across diagnostic boundaries, offering the potential to more precisely characterise the mechanisms underlying the complexity of NDs (in terms of co-occurring conditions, between-diagnosis overlaps and individual variation), beyond that offered by traditional case-control study designs. Ultimately, transdiagnostic research may provide the opportunity to identify individual areas of need that may serve as targets for future interventions, and potentially aid in enhancing diagnostic sensitivity to a variety of NDs.
Highly enhanced room-temperature single-atom catalysis of two-dimensional organic-inorganic multiferroics Cr(half-fluoropyrazine) for CO oxidation
Authors: Li Shunfang , Zhang Feixiang , Wang Panshuo , Zhu Yandi , Shi Jinlei , Pang Rui , Ren Xiaoyan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In modern chemistry, the development of highly efficient room-temperature catalysts is of great significance and remains a long-standing challenge in various typical reactions. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that the two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic, Cr(half-fluoropyrazine) [Cr(h-fpyz)2], is a promising single-atom catalyst (SAC) operating at room-temperature for CO oxidation. The rate-limiting barrier is merely 0.33 eV, leading to a reaction rate (i.e., 2.86×106 s−1) of five orders of magnitude higher than its monoferroic derivative [Cr(pyz)2], due to the synergetic effects of two aspects. First, the more flexible ligand rotations in Cr(h-fpyz)2 facilitate the activation of O2 molecule, simultaneously enhancing the charge transfer and spin-accommodation process. Second, on Cr(h-fpyz)2, O2 adsorption induces a distinctly lower local positive electric field, reducing the electrostatic repulsion of the polar CO molecule. These findings may also pave the way for establishing highly efficient SAC platforms based on 2D multiferroics where multidegree of freedom (e.g. spin, polarity) synergistically matter.
Oxidative stress induces intervertebral ECM remodelling, elevated tissue stiffness and idiopathic-like scoliosis
Authors: Ciruna Brian , Pumputis Patrick , Xu Ran , Gopaul Josh , Panahifar Arash , Erfani Vida , Gennip Jenica Van , Eames B , Fakhari Nikan , Baranger Jerome , Lebel David , Villemain Olivier 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most prevalent paediatric spine disorder, developing in the absence of obvious congenital or physiological defects. Patient genetic sequencing and mouse functional studies have demonstrated association of musculoskeletal collagen variants and cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) defects in a subset of cases. However, the underlying biological causes of AIS are poorly understood, thus treatment options remain limited to physical bracing or invasive corrective surgery. Here we interrogate the biological causes of scoliosis in zebrafish preclinical models of AIS. We demonstrate that neuroinflammation-associated reduction-oxidation (redox) imbalance induces cell stress and collagen remodelling defects within intervertebral segments of the developing spine. Mutant spines are consequently stiffer, as measured by shear wave elastography, and exhibit deformations of intervertebral structures. Remarkably, both elevated spine stiffness and intervertebral ECM phenotypes are detectable prior to scoliosis onset in zebrafish models, suggesting a causal relationship, and can be suppressed by antioxidant treatment. Together, our studies implicate oxidative stress-induced intervertebral deformations in the pathogenesis of AIS and identify elevated spine stiffness and redox imbalance as plausible first-in-kind prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Anoctamin 1 directs early radial glia fate towards somatostatin interneurons via GABA signaling
Authors: Hong Gyu-Sang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Neurogenesis and interneuron integration are crucial for maintaining cortical circuit functionality. In the medial ganglionic eminences (MGE), ventral radial glia (vRG) predominantly generates somatostatin-expressing (SST+) interneurons through direct neurogenesis in the neocortex. However, the mechanism guiding vRG to asymmetrically divide and produce either SST+ interneuron or intermediate progenitor (IP) remains unclear. This study identifies a novel subpopulation of vRG, characterized by the expression of Anoctamin 1/TMEM16a (ANO1), a Ca2+-activated Cl− channel predominantly found in Fabp7+/Sox2+ vRGs. ANO1 deficiency significantly reduces vRG proliferation, disrupting the ratio of SST+ interneuron to IP, and correlates with changes in the number of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Electrophysiological recordings from E12.5 brain slices reveal that ANO1 modulates GABA-dependent Ca2+ influx via Orai1. This regulation is essential for directing the production of SST+ interneuron or IP during mouse forebrain development. Our findings provide novel insights into the Ca2+ regulatory mechanisms mediated by ion channels, underlying early neural development.
Enhancing genetic association power in endometriosis through unsupervised clustering of clinical subtypes identified from electronic health records
Authors: Verma Shefali , Guare Lindsay , Humphrey Leigh Ann , Rush Margaret , Pollie Meredith , Jaworski James , Akerele Alexis , Luo Yuan , Weng Chunhua , Wei Wei-Qi , Kottyan Leah , Jarvik Gail , Elhadad Noémie , Zondervan Krina , Missmer Stacey , Vujkovic Marijana , Edwards Digna Velez , Senapati Suneeta 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Endometriosis is a complex and heterogeneous condition affecting 10% of reproductive-age women, and yet, it often goes undiagnosed for several years. Limited observed heritability (7%) of large genetic association studies may be attributable to underlying heterogeneity of disease mechanisms. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate genetic associations across sub-phenotypes of endometriosis. We performed unsupervised clustering of 4,078 women with endometriosis based on known endometriosis risk factors, symptoms, and concomitant conditions. The clusters were characterized by examining electronic health record (EHR) data and comprehensive chart reviews. We then performed genetic association for each cluster with 39 endometriosis-associated loci (Total endometriosis cases = 12,350). We identified five sub-phenotype clusters: (1) pain comorbidities, (2) uterine disorders, (3) pregnancy complications, (4) cardiometabolic comorbidities, and (5) EHR-asymptomatic. Bonferroni significant loci included PDLIM5 for the cluster 1, GREB1 for cluster 2, WNT4 for cluster 3, RNLS for cluster 4, and ABO for cluster 5. The difference in associations between the groups suggests complex and varied genetic mechanisms of endometriosis and its symptoms. This study enhances our understanding of the clinical patterns of endometriosis sub-phenotypes, showcasing the innovative approach employed to investigate this complex disease.
“Having a guideline isn’t actually enough”. Knowledge mobilisation for translating evidence-based guidelines into practice. Lessons from using the Normalisation Process Theory to understand adherence to guidance on MgSO4 in preterm labour
Authors: Pithara-McKeown Christalla , Stone Tracey , Treloar Emma , Donovan Jenny , Luyt Karen , Redwood Sabi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The administration of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) in preterm labour is an evidence-based intervention recommended by the United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to prevent neurological damage to the infant. However, uptake varies across UK maternity units. We used findings from implementation research in England, Scotland and Wales to explore knowledge mobilisation as a mechanism for improving adherence to clinical guidance.
Methods
Data were collected using semi-structured interviews for a process evaluation of the PReCePT (Preventing Cerebral Palsy in Pre-Term Labour) National Programme, the PReCePT cRCT study, and a study investigating MgSO4 guidance implementation in Scotland and Wales. Normalisation Process Theory informed data collection and analysis. Data were analysed using the framework method.
Results
Interviews with 68 strategic and clinical leads and implementers from the three nations suggested that despite evidence being necessary and important for policy decision-making, clinical leadership intervention decisions were motivated by audit data and benchmarking. Implementation success was impaired by degrees of silo working and rigid role boundaries, alongside differences in implementers’ ability to mobilise social-cognitive resources (e.g. commitment by maternity, neonatal and obstetric teams), and social-structural resources such as staff capacity, articulated workflows, and culture.
Cross-organisational, diverse and collaborative communities of practice (CoP) rooted in distributed leadership created a nexus between national and regional leadership, patient group representatives, implementers i.e. clinical leads and champions, and perinatal clinical teams. They provided a platform for CoP participants to build relationships and share knowledge, and together negotiate meaning, co-design implementation plans, share operational enablers such as strategies and products, and assess progress. Where training opportunities were provided alongside mentoring and peer support, CoP created implementation resource i.e. capacity and capability within the perinatal system. Backfill funding for champions and protected time away from clinical duties were required to enable participation, especially for champions in resource-poor settings.
Conclusions
Opportunities to participate in collaborative, diverse, cross-organisational CoPs where learning and innovation can be co-created, shared, and spread across the perinatal ecosystem, can help address disparities in clinical teams’ ability to implement evidence-based interventions. Participation relies on backfill funding for champions, and a system-wide commitment to improvement.