bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizational Commitment and Job Burnout among Psychaitric Nurses in Punjab Pakistan
Authors: Yasmin Kashifa , Marzuki Prof. Dr. Najib Ahmad 
Published: December 2015

<p><em>Job burnout issue is an increasingly important phenomenon in Asian countries. </em><em>Based on the model of casual turnover this study assessed the direct effect of organizational commitment on job burnout. The cross sectional data was collected from three hundred five nurses of psychiatric hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan. Structural equation modeling was applied to achieve the objectives. The results revealed that only and normative commitment have significant impact while affective commitment and continuous commitment has not significant effect on nurse’s job burnout. So, the commitment of nurse to hospital goals, missions, and values is not enough to predict her job burnout in the hospital. This study recommends that future researchers should examine the impact of work environment on job burnout as a </em><em>unidimensional</em><em>. This study contributes socially and economically.</em></p>
Experiential Learning Not Enough for Organ Procurement Surgery: Implications for Perioperative Nursing Education
Authors: Smith Zaneta , Leslie Gavin , Wynaden Dianne 
Published: December 2015

Context— Perioperative nurses play a vital role in assisting in surgical procedures for multiorgan procurement, receiving little education apart from on-the-job experiential learning when they are asked to participate in these procedures. Objectives— Within an Australian context and as part of a larger study, this article describes issues that hindered perioperative nurses' participatory experiences as a result of lacking education, previous exposure, and preparation for assisting in surgical procedures for organ procurement. Design— The grounded theory method was used to develop a substantive theory of perioperative nurses' experiences of participating in surgical procedures for multiorgan procurement. Participants— Thirty-five perioperative nurses who had experience in surgical procedures for organ procurement from regional, rural, and metropolitan hospitals of 2 Australian states, New South Wales and Western Australia, participated in the research. Results— Levels of knowledge and experience emerged from the data as an influencing condition and was reported to affect the perioperative nurses' participatory experiences when assisting in procurement surgical procedures. Six components of levels of knowledge and experience were identified and are described. Conclusion— The findings from this study provide a unique contribution to the existing literature by providing an in-depth understanding of the educational needs of perioperative nurses in order to assist successfully in multiorgan procurement procedures. These findings could guide further research with implications for clinical initiatives or education programs specifically targeting the perioperative nursing profession both locally and internationally.
Explaining the Quality of Life of Organ Transplant Patients by Using Crisis Theory
Authors: Denny Bianca , Kienhuis Mandy , Gavidia-Payne Susana 
Published: December 2015

Context— Ubiquitous findings regarding the quality of life (QOL) of transplant patients have yet to be explained from a theoretical perspective. Objective— To investigate transplant patients' QOL by using the conceptual framework of crisis theory. Design— Cross-sectional study to explore differences in transplant patients' experiences of stress, coping, and QOL. Regression analysis was used to test crisis theory in relation to QOL, stress, and coping. Participants— A total of 226 participants representing transplant candidates, transplant recipients, and nontransplant individuals participated via survey-based data collection. Results— Results showed that transplant candidates experience lower QOL than transplant recipients and nontransplant individuals. No significant differences were detected regarding stress levels or coping styles. Stress made a significant contribution to patients' QOL. Conclusions— Current findings suggest important QOL benefits of organ transplant. Using a theoretical model is an effective way to investigate the QOL of people experiencing chronic illness such as end-stage organ failure. Further investigation is required to reach a conclusive understanding of the complex interaction between transplant patients' QOL, stress, and coping.
Duration of Prophylaxis against Fungal Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Guerra Christina M. , Formica Richard N. , Kulkarni Sanjay , Asch William S. , Tichy Eric M. 
Published: December 2015

Objective— To compare the efficacy of 2 strategies that use nystatin to prevent thrush and Candida esophagitis in kidney transplant recipients. Methods— A retrospective chart review was conducted of adult kidney transplant recipients at our center, where the protocol for prophylaxis against fungal infection was changed in March 2013. Before the protocol change, kidney transplant recipients received nystatin for 1 month (before group) and after the change they received nystatin for the duration of admission (after group). The primary outcome measure was the incidence of thrush and Candida esophagitis within 3 months after transplant. Analyses were conducted on all kidney transplant recipients (intention to treat) and on only those kidney transplant recipients who received at least 1 dose of nystatin (modified intention to treat). Additional data collected included the duration of nystatin and immunosuppression regimens. The Student t test and Fisher exact test were used to calculate P values for continuous and categorical data. Results— A total of 84 kidney transplant recipients, 42 in each cohort, were included in the analysis. The groups did not differ significantly at baseline. Nystatin was administered for a mean of 29 days in the before group and 5.74 days in the after group. Overall, 3 kidney transplant recipients (4%), all from the after group, experienced an episode of thrush and no patients experienced Candida esophagitis. Two recipients who experienced thrush did not receive any nystatin. Conclusions— Limiting the administration of nystatin to the duration of admission after transplant may be sufficient for prophylaxis of fungal infections in kidney transplant recipients.
De novo clustering methods outperform reference-based methods for assigning 16S rRNA gene sequences to operational taxonomic units
Authors: Westcott Sarah L. , Schloss Patrick D. 
Published: December 2015

Background.16S rRNA gene sequences are routinely assigned to operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that are then used to analyze complex microbial communities. A number of methods have been employed to carry out the assignment of 16S rRNA gene sequences to OTUs leading to confusion over which method is optimal. A recent study suggested that a clustering method should be selected based on its ability to generate stable OTU assignments that do not change as additional sequences are added to the dataset. In contrast, we contend that the quality of the OTU assignments, the ability of the method to properly represent the distances between the sequences, is more important.Methods.Our analysis implemented sixde novoclustering algorithms including the single linkage, complete linkage, average linkage, abundance-based greedy clustering, distance-based greedy clustering, and Swarm and the open and closed-reference methods. Using two previously published datasets we used the Matthew’s Correlation Coefficient (MCC) to assess the stability and quality of OTU assignments.Results.The stability of OTU assignments did not reflect the quality of the assignments. Depending on the dataset being analyzed, the average linkage and the distance and abundance-based greedy clustering methods generated OTUs that were more likely to represent the actual distances between sequences than the open and closed-reference methods. We also demonstrated that for the greedy algorithms VSEARCH produced assignments that were comparable to those produced by USEARCH making VSEARCH a viable free and open source alternative to USEARCH. Further interrogation of the reference-based methods indicated that when USEARCH or VSEARCH were used to identify the closest reference, the OTU assignments were sensitive to the order of the reference sequences because the reference sequences can be identical over the region being considered. More troubling was the observation that while both USEARCH and VSEARCH have a high level of sensitivity to detect reference sequences, the specificity of those matches was poor relative to the true best match.Discussion.Our analysis calls into question the quality and stability of OTU assignments generated by the open and closed-reference methods as implemented in current version of QIIME. This study demonstrates thatde novomethods are the optimal method of assigning sequences into OTUs and that the quality of these assignments needs to be assessed for multiple methods to identify the optimal clustering method for a particular dataset.
A Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell−Derived Cardiomyocyte (hiPSC‐CM) Multielectrode Array Assay for Preclinical Cardiac Electrophysiology Safety Screening
Authors: Harris Kate 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCardiotoxicity is a leading cause of compound attrition during drug development. Preclinical models used to assess the risk for compound‐induced effects on cardiac electrophysiology largely rely on animals that can differ in terms of sensitivity and specificity to the targeted clinical response. There is currently no in vitro human cardiomyocyte model for routine preclinical compound screening, as adult human cardiac tissue is unsuitable for such screening. The commercial availability of human induced pluripotent stem cell−derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) makes possible the development of assays for assessing compound‐induced effects on cardiac function in a human cardiomyocyte‐like model. Using multielectrode array (MEA) technology with hiPSC‐CMs provides a facile screen for compound‐induced effects on cardiac electrophysiology. The MEA data generated from hiPSC‐CMs correlate well with the results of conventional preclinical assays and clinical findings. Described in this unit is a technique for measuring extracellular field potentials from hiPSC‐CMs using MEA technology to screen for compound‐induced effects on cardiac electrophysiology. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparisons of ionospheric electron density distributions reconstructed by GPS computerized tomography, backscatter ionograms, and vertical ionograms
Authors: Zhou Chen , Lei Yong , Li Bofeng , An Jiachun , Zhu Peng , Jiang Chunhua , Zhao Zhengyu , Zhang Yuannong , Ni Binbin , Wang Zemin , Zhou Xuhua 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGlobal Positioning System (GPS) computerized ionosphere tomography (CIT) and ionospheric sky wave ground backscatter radar are both capable of measuring the large‐scale, two‐dimensional (2‐D) distributions of ionospheric electron density (IED). Here we report the spatial and temporal electron density results obtained by GPS CIT and backscatter ionogram (BSI) inversion for three individual experiments. Both the GPS CIT and BSI inversion techniques demonstrate the capability and the consistency of reconstructing large‐scale IED distributions. To validate the results, electron density profiles obtained from GPS CIT and BSI inversion are quantitatively compared to the vertical ionosonde data, which clearly manifests that both methods output accurate information of ionopsheric electron density and thereby provide reliable approaches to ionospheric soundings. Our study can improve current understanding of the capability and insufficiency of these two methods on the large‐scale IED reconstruction.
Observed ocean thermal response to Hurricanes Gustav and Ike
Authors: Meyers Patrick C. , Shay Lynn K. , Brewster Jodi K. , Jaimes Benjamin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe 2008 Atlantic hurricane season featured two hurricanes, Gustav and Ike, crossing the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) within a 2 week period. Over 400 airborne expendable bathythermographs (AXBTs) were deployed in a GOM field campaign before, during, and after the passage of Gustav and Ike to measure the evolving upper ocean thermal structure. AXBT and drifter deployments specifically targeted the Loop Current (LC) complex, which was undergoing an eddy‐shedding event during the field campaign. Hurricane Gustav forced a 50 m deepening of the ocean mixed layer (OML), dramatically altering the prestorm ocean conditions for Hurricane Ike. Wind‐forced entrainment of colder thermocline water into the OML caused sea surface temperatures to cool by over 5°C in GOM common water, but only 1–2°C in the LC complex. Ekman pumping and a near‐inertial wake were identified by fluctuations in the 20°C isotherm field observed by AXBTs and drifters following Hurricane Ike. Satellite estimates of the 20° and 26°C isotherm depths and ocean heat content were derived using a two‐layer model driven by sea surface height anomalies. Generally, the satellite estimates correctly characterized prestorm conditions, but the two‐layer model inherently could not resolve wind‐forced mixing of the OML. This study highlights the importance of a coordinated satellite and in situ measurement strategy to accurately characterize the ocean state before, during, and after hurricane passage, particularly in the case of two consecutive storms traveling through the same domain.
Coexistence of nitrous oxide undersaturation and oversaturation in the surface and subsurface of the western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Zhang Jiexia , Zhan Liyang , Chen Liqi , Li Yuhong , Chen Jianfang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe nitrous oxide (N2O) distributions in a shelf‐slope‐basin section from the Chukchi Sea shelf to the Chukchi Abyssal Plain (CAP) in the western Arctic Ocean were observed for the first time during the fourth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (4th CHINARE) in late August 2010. The N2O concentrations were 11.4–16.9 nmol L−1, corresponding to saturation values of 92–118% in the surface water. In the surface, biological factor was negligible to N2O production, and physical process dominated the surface N2O distribution. The N2O undersaturation may be the result of dilution by sea ice meltwater. The oversaturation may be caused by the diffusing of N2O‐rich shelf bottom water. Below the surface, N2O concentrations ranged from 11.4 to 21.4 nmol L−1. On the Chukchi Sea shelf, N2O concentrations increased from the surface to the near‐bottom water, indicating sediment N2O produced by nitrification or denitrification emission may be a significant source. The subsurface maxima in the upper halocline layer (UHL) may receive partial contribution from nitrification production but was primarily caused by the spreading of shelf water.
Tilt‐induced biases in sediment trap functioning
Authors: Chiswell Stephen M. , Nodder Scott D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe present data from two sediment traps moored 5 km apart ∼150 km off the east coast of New Zealand. Both traps were at 1500 m in 3100 m of water. One trap was attached to a 3038 m tall mooring and exhibited tilts measured by a tilt sensor ranging from 5° to 20°, the other trap was attached to a 1659 m tall mooring and exhibited tilts ranging from 2° to 4°. The computed relative trapping efficiency depends on which flux constituent (mass, particulate organic carbon, biogenic silica, etc.) is used to compute it. We suggest that this physically unrealistic result arises because of relatively high noise in the measurements due to patchiness, sampling and/or measurement errors. On average, the trap exhibiting most tilt collected 30–50% less material than the trap exhibiting least tilt. For the total mass flux, efficiencies appear to be lower at higher trap tilt. However, with only 5 months of data, we do not have enough samples to accurately model the relationship between trap tilt and efficiency, except to show that with even moderate tilt, the sediment trap trapping efficiency can be reduced by a factor of nearly two.
Quantified sensitivity of small lake sediments to record historic earthquakes: Implications for paleoseismology
Authors: Wilhelm Bruno , Nomade Jerome , Crouzet Christian , Litty Camille , Sabatier Pierre , Belle Simon , Rolland Yann , Revel Marie , Courboulex Françoise , Arnaud Fabien , Anselmetti Flavio S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSeismic hazard assessment is a critical but challenging issue for modern societies. A key parameter to be estimated is the recurrence interval of damaging earthquakes. This requires the establishment of earthquake records long enough to be relevant, i.e., far longer than historical observations. We study how lake sediments can be used for this purpose and explore conditions that enable lake sediments to record earthquakes. This was achieved (i) through the compilation of eight lake‐sediment sequences from the European Alps to reconstruct chronicles of mass movement deposits and (ii) through the comparison of these chronicles with the well‐documented earthquake history. This allowed 24 occurrences of mass movements to be identified, of which 21 were most probably triggered by an earthquake. However, the number of earthquake‐induced deposits varies between lakes of a same region, suggesting variable thresholds of the lake sequences to record earthquake shaking. These thresholds have been quantified by linking the mass movement occurrences in a single lake to both intensity and distance of the triggering earthquakes. This method offers a quantitative approach to estimate locations and intensities of past earthquake epicenters. Finally, we explored which lake characteristics could explain the various sensitivities. Our results suggest that sedimentation rate should be larger than 0.5 mm yr−1 so that a given lake records earthquakes in moderately active seismotectonic regions. We also postulate that an increasing sedimentation rate may imply an increasing sensitivity to earthquake shaking. Hence, further paleoseismological studies should control carefully that no significant change in sedimentation rates occurs within a record, which could falsify the assessment of earthquake recurrence intervals.
The relative importance of head, flux, and prior information in hydraulic tomography analysis
Authors: Michael Tso Chak‐Hau , Zha Yuanyuan , Jim Yeh Tian‐Chyi , Wen Jet‐Chau 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUsing cross‐correlation analysis, we demonstrate that flux measurements at observation locations during hydraulic tomography (HT) surveys carry nonredundant information about heterogeneity that are complementary to head measurements at the same locations. We then hypothesize that a joint interpretation of head and flux data, even when the same observation network as head has been used, can enhance the resolution of HT estimates. Subsequently, we use numerical experiments to test this hypothesis and investigate the impact of flux conditioning and prior information (such as correlation lengths and initial mean models (i.e., uniform mean or distributed means)) on the HT estimates of a nonstationary, layered medium. We find that the addition of flux conditioning to HT analysis improves the estimates in all of the prior models tested. While prior information on geologic structures could be useful, its influence on the estimates reduces as more nonredundant data (i.e., flux) are used in the HT analysis. Lastly, recommendations for conducting HT surveys and analysis are presented.
A Comparative Morphometric Analysis of Three Cranial Nerves in Two Phocids: The Hooded Seal (Cystophora cristata) and the Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)
Authors: Wohlert Dennis , Kröger Jürgen , Witt Martin , Schmitt Oliver , Wree Andreas , Czech‐Damal Nicole , Siebert Ursula , Folkow Lars , Hanke Frederike D. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTWhile our knowledge about the senses of pinnipeds has increased over the last decades almost nothing is known about the organization of the neuroanatomical pathways. In a first approach to this field of research, we assessed the total number of myelinated axons of three cranial nerves (CNs) in the harbor (Phoca vitulina, Pv) and hooded seal (Cystophora cristata, Cc). Axons were counted in semithin sections of the nerves embedded in Epon and stained with toluidine blue. In both species, the highest axon number was found within the optic nerve (Pv 187,000 ± 8,000 axons, Cc 481,600 ± 1,300 axons). Generally, considering absolute axon numbers, far more axons were counted within the optic and trigmenial nerve (Pv 136,700 ± 2,500 axons, Cc 179,300 ± 6,900 axons) in hooded in comparison to harbor seals. The axon counts of the vestibulocochlear nerve are nearly identical for both species (Pv 87,100 ± 8,100 axons, Cc 86,600 ± 2,700 axons). However, when comparing cell density, the cell density is almost equal for all nerves for both species except for the optic nerve in which cell density was particularly higher than in the other nerves and higher in hooded in comparison to harbor seals. We here present the first comparative analysis of three CNs in two phocid seals. While the CNs of these closely related species share some general characteristics, pronounced differences in axon numbers/densities are apparent. These differences seem to reflect differences in e.g. size, habitat, and/or functional significance of the innervated sensory systems. Anat Rec, 299:370–378, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Modified Car‐Following Model with Variable Safety Distance and its Numerical Simulation
Authors: Zheng Ya‐zhou , Lei Li , Zheng Peng‐jun , Ge Hong‐Xia 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBased on the pioneering study of Bando et al., a modified car‐following model is proposed to suppress traffic jams. The optimal velocity (OV) function is extended by introducing variable safety distance. Considering the relative velocity, relative optimal velocity, and the difference between safety distance and headway, a comprehensive control scheme is constructed according to the feedback control theory. The stability condition for the improved model is obtained via the linear stability theory. Numerical simulation is carried out to illustrate the advantages of our model with the new control signal, and the results are in good accordance with the theoretical analysis.
Land surface–atmosphere interaction in future South American climate using a multi‐model ensemble
Authors: Ruscica R. C. , Menéndez C. G. , Sörensson A. A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe land–atmosphere interaction for reference and future climate is estimated with a regional climate model ensemble. In reference climate, more than 50% of the models show interaction in southeastern South America during austral spring, summer and autumn. In future climate, the region remains a strong hotspot although somewhat weakened due to the wet response that enhance energy limitation on the evapotranspiration. The region of the Brazilian Highlands and Matto Grosso appears as a new extensive hotspot during austral spring. This is related to a dry response which is probably accentuated by land surface feedbacks.