bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reintervention for occluded metal stent in malignant bile duct obstruction: A prospective randomized trial comparing covered and uncovered metal stent
Authors: Lee Ban Seok , Ryu Ji Kon , Jang Dong Kee , Chung Kwang Hyun , Yoon Won Jae , Kim Jaihwan , Woo Sang Myung , Lee Sang Hyub , Lee Woo Jin , Kim Yong‐Tae 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground and AimNo prospective data are available on comparing covered and uncovered self‐expandable metal stent (SEMS) for reintervention of occluded uncovered metal stents during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with malignant distal biliary obstruction.MethodsFrom June 2010 to November 2014, 43 patients with inoperable distal biliary obstruction of a previously placed uncovered SEMS were enrolled from three centers in Korea and randomly assigned to covered (n = 22) or uncovered SEMS group (n = 21). The primary outcome was overall stent patency. Secondary outcome was time‐to‐stent occlusion, patient survival, cause of stent occlusion, and adverse events.ResultsOverall median patency of secondary stent was 112.0 days. Median stent patency of covered and uncovered SEMS was 112.0 and 181.0 days, respectively, (P = 0.373). There was a tendency towards a longer time‐to‐stent occlusion in uncovered SEMS group (median: 112.0 vs 181.0 days). However, it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.214). Most common causes of occlusion were stent clogging (36.4%) and tumor ingrowth (33.3%) in covered and uncovered SEMS groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in median survival between the groups (median: 308 vs 300 days; P = 0.325). Acute cholangitis occurred in four patients (three in covered vs one in uncovered SEMS group, P = 0.607).ConclusionsIn this exploratory trial, there were no statistically significant differences in stent patency, time‐to‐stent occlusion, patient survival, and complication rates between covered and uncovered SEMS groups. Larger confirmatory multicenter trial is needed for the clear conclusion (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01315522).
The topical penta‐peptide Gly‐Pro‐Ile‐Gly‐Ser increases the proportion of thick hair in Japanese men with androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Iwabuchi Tokuro , Takeda Shunsuke , Yamanishi Haruyo , Ideta Ritsuro , Ehama Ritsuko , Tsuruda Akinori , Shibata Hideaki , Ito Tomoko , Komatsu Nobuyuki , Terai Keiko , Oka Syuichi 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundA penta‐peptide, Gly‐Pro‐Ile‐Gly‐Ser (GPIGS), promotes proliferation of mouse hair keratinocytes and accelerates hair growth in mice.Aim of this studyThis study focused on the ability of the peptide to promote human hair growth.MethodsWe used a human hair keratinocyte proliferation assay and organ cultures of human hair follicle as in vitro systems. The lotions with and without the penta‐peptide were administered to 22 Japanese men with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) for 4 months in a double‐blind and randomized clinical study.ResultsThe penta‐peptide significantly stimulated the proliferation of human hair keratinocytes at a concentration of 2.3 μm (P < 0.01), and 5.0 μm of this peptide had a marked effect on hair shaft elongation in the organ culture (P < 0.05). The change in the proportion of thick hair (≥60 μm) compared to baseline in patients that received the peptide was significantly higher than in the placebo (P = 0.006). The change in the proportion of vellus hair (<40 μm) was also significantly lower in the peptide group than in the placebo (P = 0.029). The penta‐peptide also significantly improved the appearance of baldness (P = 0.020) when blinded reviewers graded photographs of the participants according to a standardized baldness scale. No adverse dermatological effects due to treatment were noted during this clinical study.ConclusionsThis penta‐peptide promotes proliferation of human hair keratinocytes and hair shaft elongation of human hair follicles, in vitro. This peptide increases thick hair ratio in vivo, and this compound is useful for the improvement of AGA.
Prices and Deadweight Loss in Multiproduct Monopoly
Authors: AMIR RABAH , JIN JIM Y. , PECH GERALD , TRÖGE MICHAEL 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe paper investigates prices and deadweight loss in multiproduct monopoly with linear interrelated demand and constant marginal costs. We show that, with commonly used models for linear demand such as the Bowley demand and vertically or horizontally differentiated demand, the price for each good is independent of demand cross‐effects and of the characteristics and number of other goods. This contrasts with the oft‐expressed view that prices critically depend on demand cross‐effects. We also show that for these linear models, the deadweight loss due to monopoly amounts to half the total monopoly profit. Finally, we show how a production subsidy might restore social efficiency.
Discrimination via Exclusion: An Experiment on Group Identity and Club Goods
Authors: CHAKRAVARTY SURAJEET , FONSECA MIGUEL A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe study using laboratory experiments the impact on cooperation of allowing individuals to invest in group‐specific, excludable public goods. We find that allowing different social groups to voluntarily contribute to such goods increases total contributions. However, a significant proportion of that contribution goes toward the group‐specific club good rather than the public good, even when the latter has higher financial returns to cooperation. We find significant evidence of in‐group biases, which are manifested by positive in‐group reciprocity. That is, club goods allow subjects to display their preferences for interaction with their in‐group members, as well as positive in‐group reciprocity.
Topical delivery of diclofenac into and across equine skin from a novel liquid diclofenac epolamine formulation
Authors: del Río‐Sancho S. , Concas D. , Oreste P. , Zoppetti G. , Briggs P. H. , Kalia Y. N. 
Published: March 2016

The aim was to investigate diclofenac delivery into and across equine skin in vitro using Franz diffusion cells from a novel diclofenac epolamine (DIC‐EP; 1.3%) formulation and to compare the results to those of Surpass® (1% diclofenac sodium liposomal cream) and a 1% aqueous solution of diclofenac sodium. Skin was harvested from the lower legs of Freiberger geldings immediately after slaughter and sliced to a thickness of ~2 mm. Skin samples were divided into two groups [Group 1: 1 year old (n = 2) and Group 2: 6–8 years old (n = 3)]. Cumulative permeation of diclofenac in Groups 1 and 2 after 24 h using diclofenac sodium solution was 1.91 ± 0.27 and 1.76 ± 0.34 μg/cm2, respectively. The values for Surpass® and DIC‐EP were 3.2 ± 0.8/3.3 ± 0.7 μg/cm2 and 230 ± 59/89.2 ± 32.5 μg/cm2, respectively. Thus, diclofenac permeation from DIC‐EP was significantly greater and appeared to show an age‐dependent effect. Mathematical modelling showed that the DIC‐EP formulation significantly increased diclofenac partitioning into the skin and a linear correlation was observed between steady‐state flux and the partition parameter. Greater skin deposition of diclofenac was also observed with DIC‐EP. These preliminary results suggest that the DIC‐EP formulation may be effective in treating inflammatory conditions in horses.
Urban population genetics of the invasive black rats in Franceville, Gabon
Authors: Mangombi J. B. , Brouat C. , Loiseau A. , Banga O. , Leroy E. M. , Bourgarel M. , Duplantier J.‐M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe invasive black ratRattus rattushas established commensal populations in most cities of the world. Known as a reservoir of numerous zoonotic diseases, this species is considered as an urban pest and may have major consequences on human health. However, little is known about the genetic structure of urban populations, although it could help to design the scale of appropriate control strategies (at the city or at the district level). In this study, we characterize the genetic structure ofR. rattuswithin Franceville (Republic of Gabon), an African tropical city that has undergone a recent growth, like many other cities of the developing countries. Sampling was conducted in six different districts of the city, chosen to represent variable levels of connectivity and building aggregation. Genetic structure was assessed using 16 microsatellite markers. Our results suggest the occurrence of a large population ofR. rattusthat is continuously distributed at the scale of the city, with no impact of urban characteristics or putative barriers on genetic differentiation. Isolation by distance analyses show that effective dispersal ofR. rattusis, however, spatially limited to a few hundred meters. Regarding management strategies, our results suggest that rodent control should be envisaged at the scale of the city.
A novel membrane anchor for FtsZ is linked to cell wall hydrolysis in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Meier Elizabeth L. , Razavi Shiva , Inoue Takanari , Goley Erin D. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIn most bacteria, the tubulin‐like GTPase FtsZ forms an annulus at midcell (the Z‐ring) which recruits the division machinery and regulates cell wall remodeling. Although both activities require membrane attachment of FtsZ, few membrane anchors have been characterized. FtsA is considered to be the primary membrane tether for FtsZ in bacteria, however in Caulobacter crescentus, FtsA arrives at midcell after stable Z‐ring assembly and early FtsZ‐directed cell wall synthesis. We hypothesized that additional proteins tether FtsZ to the membrane and demonstrate that in C. crescentus, FzlC is one such membrane anchor. FzlC associates with membranes directly in vivo and in vitro and recruits FtsZ to membranes in vitro. As for most known membrane anchors, the C‐terminal peptide of FtsZ is required for its recruitment to membranes by FzlC in vitro and midcell recruitment of FzlC in cells. In vivo, overproduction of FzlC causes cytokinesis defects whereas deletion of fzlC causes synthetic defects with dipM, ftsE and amiC mutants, implicating FzlC in cell wall hydrolysis. Our characterization of FzlC as a novel membrane anchor for FtsZ expands our understanding of FtsZ regulators and establishes a role for membrane‐anchored FtsZ in the regulation of cell wall hydrolysis.
Modified CADF and CIPS Panel Unit Root Statistics with Standard Chi‐squared and Normal Limiting Distributions
Authors: Westerlund Joakim , Hosseinkouchack Mehdi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn an influential paper Pesaran (‘A simple panel unit root test in presence of cross‐section dependence’, Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 22, pp. 265–312, 2007) proposes two unit root tests for panels with a common factor structure. These are the CADF and CIPS test statistics, which are amongst the most popular test statistics in the literature. One feature of these statistics is that their limiting distributions are highly non‐standard, making for relatively complicated implementation. In this paper, we take this feature as our starting point to develop modified CADF and CIPS test statistics that support standard chi‐squared and normal inference.
Biomechanical potential of the temporal muscle in brachyfacial and dolichofacial subjects: a study on dry mandibles
Authors: Marques H. B. , Richter F. F. , Heck L. , Xavier L. L. , de Campos D. 
Published: March 2016

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo measure the lengths of the force and resistance arms, in order to calculate the mechanical advantage and muscular work of the human temporalis muscle (TM) in brachyfacial (BR) and dolichofacial (DO) subjects.Setting and Sample PopulationMandibles from 49 subjects of both genders (BR n = 9; DO n = 40) from the collection of the Laboratory of Human Anatomy at Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were analyzed.Material and MethodsThe distance between the condylar process and the coronoid process (insertion site of the TM) represented the length of the force arm (LFA) of the TM. The distance between the condylar process and the mental protuberance represented the length of the resistance arm (LRA). Thus, the mechanical advantage of the TM was obtained using the following ratio: LFA/LRA, while the muscular work (LRA/LFA) of the TM was obtained using the inverse of this ratio.ResultsWhen compared with the DO, the parameters of the BR are significantly greater, as shown by the LFA (6.0%) and mechanical advantage (8.2%; p = 0.0078). By contrast, our results show that in the DO, the LRA was 2.4% longer and the muscular work was 10.4% greater (p = 0.0087).ConclusionThe mechanical advantage of the TM in BR subjects is significantly greater than in DO subjects. Moreover, this greater mechanical advantage may explain, at least in part, the higher incidence of temporomandibular dysfunctions in BR subjects.
Saccoglossus testa from the Mazon Creek fauna (Pennsylvanian of Illinois) and the evolution of acorn worms (Enteropneusta: Hemichordata)
Authors: Cameron Christopher B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe limited fossil record of enteropneust hemichordates (acorn worms) and the few external features that distinguish the four families have provided a challenge to our understanding of the evolution of the group and their various feeding adaptations. The middle Pennsylvanian Saccoglossus testa sp. nov. from the Mazon Creek, Westfalian D Carbonate Formation, Francis Creek Shale of northern Illinois provides evidence for the exploitation of surface sediments. Saccoglossus testa has a long proboscis characteristic of the extant genus Saccoglossus, a specialist in surface deposit feeding. The collar is as long as it is wide. The anterior trunk lacks a distinctively wide branchial region. These three features distinguish it from its sympatric enteropneust species Mazoglossus ramsdelli Bardack that has a proboscis characteristic of an infaunal deposit feeder. It is the seventh known species of fossil enteropneust, including a resting trace of a Lower Triassic fossil that has collar lips that characterize the extant deep‐sea family Torquaratoridae, and which represents a second parallel evolution of surface deposit feeding. An analysis of the seven fossils shows that the earliest Enteropneusta had a relatively simple harrimaniid‐like body plan, and that the spengelid, the torquaratorid and lastly the most complex ptychoderid body plan appeared in that chronological order.
The CO Photodissociation and Recombination Dynamics of the W172Y/F282T Ligand Channel Mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides aa3 Cytochrome c Oxidase
Authors: Cassano Jennifer A. , Choi Sylvia K. , McDonald William , Szundi Istvan , Villa Gawboy Terra R. , Gennis Robert B. , Einarsdóttir Ólöf 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the ligand channel of the cytochrome c oxidase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Rs aa3) W172 and F282 have been proposed to generate a constriction that may slow ligand access to and from the active site. To explore this issue, the tryptophan and phenylalanine residues in Rs aa3 were mutated to the less bulky tyrosine and threonine residues, respectively, which occupy these sites in Thermus thermophilus (Tt) ba3 cytochrome oxidase. The CO photolysis and recombination dynamics of the reduced wild‐type Rs aa3 and the W172Y/F282T mutant were investigated using time‐resolved optical absorption spectroscopy. The spectral changes associated with the multiple processes are attributed to different conformers. The major CO recombination process (44 μs) in the W172Y/F282T mutant is ~500 times faster than the predominant CO recombination process in the wild‐type enzyme (~23 ms). Classical dynamic simulations of the wild‐type enzyme and double mutant showed significant structural changes at the active site in the mutant, including movement of the heme a3 ring‐D propionate toward CuB and reduced binuclear center cavity volume. These structural changes effectively close the ligand exit pathway from the binuclear center, providing a basis for the faster CO recombination in the double mutant.
Noble Gas and Stable Isotopic Constraints on the Origin of the Ag–Cu Polymetallic Ore Deposits in the Baiyangping Area, Yunnan Province, SW China
Authors: Zou Zhichao , Hu Ruizhong , Bi Xianwu , Wu Liyan , Zhang Jinrang , Tang Yongyong , Li Na 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Lanping basin, Yunnan province, SW China, is located at the juncture of the Eurasian and Indian Plates in the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. The Lanping basin, in the Sanjiang Tethyan metallogenic province, is a significant Cu–Ag–Zn–Pb mineralized belt in China that includes the largest sandstone‐hosted Zn–Pb deposit in the world, the Jinding deposit, as well as several Ag–Cu deposits (the Baiyangping and Jinman deposits). These deposits, with total reserves of over 16.0 Mt Pb + Zn, 0.6 Mt Cu, and 7,000 t Ag, are mainly hosted in Meso‐Cenozoic clastic rocks and are dominantly controlled by two Cenozoic thrust systems developed in the western and eastern segments of the basin.The Baiyangping, Babaoshan, and Hetaoqing ore deposits are representative of the epithermal base metal deposits in the Lanping basin. The microthermometric data show that the ore‐forming fluids for these deposits were low temperature (110–180 °C) and had bimodal distribution of salinity at moderate and mid to high salinities (approximately 2–8 wt.% and 18–26 wt.% NaCl equivalent). The C and O isotope data indicate that the ore‐forming fluids were related to hot basin brines. We present new He and Ar isotope data on volatiles released from fluid inclusions contained in sulfides and in barite in these three deposits. 3He/4He ratios of the ore‐forming fluids are 0.01 to 0.14 R/Ra with a mean of 0.07 Ra (where R is the 3He/4He ratio and Ra is the ratio for atmospheric helium). This mean value is intermediate to typical 3He/4He ratios for the crust (R/Ra = 0.01 to 0.05) and the ratio for air‐saturated water (R/Ra = 1). The mean ratio is also significantly lower than the ratios found for mantle‐derived fluids (R/Ra = 6 to 9). The 40Ar/36Ar ratios of the ore‐forming fluids range from 298 to 382 with a mean of 323. This value is slightly higher than that for the air‐saturated water (295.5). The 3He/4He ratios of fluids from the fluid inclusions imply that the ore‐forming fluid for the Baiyangping, Babaoshan, and Hetaoqing deposits was derived from the crust and that any mantle‐derived He was negligible. The content of the radiogenic Ar ranges between 0.2 to 20.4%, and the proportion of air‐derived 40Ar averages 94.1%. This indicates that atmospheric Ar was important in the formation of these deposits but that some radiogenic 40Ar was derived from crustal rocks. Based on these observations coupled with other geochemical evidence, we suggest that the ore‐forming fluids responsible for the formation of the Ag–Cu–Pb–Zn polymetallic ore deposits in the Baiyangping area of the Lanping basin were mainly derived from crustal fluids. The fluids may have mixed with some amount of air‐saturated water, but there was no significant involvement of mantle‐derived fluids.
Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome in 31 dogs with presumed primary colorectal lymphoma (2001–2013)
Authors: Desmas I. , Burton J. H. , Post G. , Kristal O. , Gauthier M. , Borrego J. F. , Di Bella A. , Lara‐Garcia A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe objective of this multicentre retrospective study was to describe clinical presentation, treatment and outcome and to determine prognostic factors for dogs with presumed primary colorectal lymphoma (PCRL). A total of 31 dogs were included. The predominant features of PCRL were high grade (n = 18) and immunophenotype B (n = 24). Most dogs were substage b (n = 25) with higher prevalence of haematochezia (n = 20). One dog had surgery only. Thirty dogs received chemotherapy; amongst them 13 had surgery or radiotherapy. Progression free survival (PFS) was 1318 days and disease‐related median survival time (MST) was 1845 days. Fourteen dogs were alive at the end of the study with a median follow‐up time of 684 days (3–4678 days). Younger dogs had longer PFS (P = 0.031) and disease‐related MST (P = 0.01). Presence of haematochezia corresponded with longer PFS (P = 0.02). Addition of local treatment to chemotherapy did not significantly improve the outcome (P = 0.584). Canine PCRL has considerably longer PFS and MST than other forms of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention
Authors: Kilgore Paul E. , Salim Abdulbaset M. , Zervos Marcus J. , Schmitt Heinz-Josef 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYPertussis is a severe respiratory infection caused byBordetella pertussis, and in 2008, pertussis was associated with an estimated 16 million cases and 195,000 deaths globally. Sizeable outbreaks of pertussis have been reported over the past 5 years, and disease reemergence has been the focus of international attention to develop a deeper understanding of pathogen virulence and genetic evolution ofB. pertussisstrains. During the past 20 years, the scientific community has recognized pertussis among adults as well as infants and children. Increased recognition that older children and adolescents are at risk for disease and may transmitB. pertussisto younger siblings has underscored the need to better understand the role of innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immunity, including the role of waning immunity. Although recognition of adult pertussis has increased in tandem with a better understanding ofB. pertussispathogenesis, pertussis in neonates and adults can manifest with atypical clinical presentations. Such disease patterns make pertussis recognition difficult and lead to delays in treatment. Ongoing research using newer tools for molecular analysis holds promise for improved understanding of pertussis epidemiology, bacterial pathogenesis, bioinformatics, and immunology. Together, these advances provide a foundation for the development of new-generation diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
The Point-of-Care Laboratory in Clinical Microbiology
Authors: Drancourt Michel , Michel-Lepage Audrey , Boyer Sylvie , Raoult Didier 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARY
Point-of-care (POC) laboratories that deliver rapid diagnoses of infectious diseases were invented to balance the centralization of core laboratories. POC laboratories operate 24 h a day and 7 days a week to provide diagnoses within 2 h, largely based on immunochromatography and real-time PCR tests. In our experience, these tests are conveniently combined into syndrome-based kits that facilitate sampling, including self-sampling and test operations, as POC laboratories can be operated by trained operators who are not necessarily biologists. POC laboratories are a way of easily providing clinical microbiology testing for populations distant from laboratories in developing and developed countries and on ships. Modern Internet connections enable support from core laboratories. The cost-effectiveness of POC laboratories has been established for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis and sexually transmitted infections in both developed and developing countries.