bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘WIR WOLLTEN DOCH WISSEN, WIE GROß DIE GEFAHR WAR’: THE GERMAN WAR CHILD AS ICON AND AGENT IN BERLIN SCHOOL ESSAYS, 1946
Authors: Lloyd Alexandra 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIn recent years the generation of German children born in the 1930s and 1940s have begun to speak publicly about their experiences during World War II, breaking their decades‐long silence apparently for the first time. Publications such as Sabine Bode's Die vergessene Generation: Die Kriegskinder brechen ihr Schweigen established a narrative of long‐term trauma, repression of memory, and an opportunity for release in the new, empathetic, post‐unification context. While their memories were afforded a privileged and prominent status, the ‘Kriegskinder’ arguably became symbolic of German wartime victimhood. This article examines a collection of texts which pose a challenge to the portrayal of the former war children as icons of German suffering in post‐unification discourse. The 1996 volume ‘Ich schlug meiner Mutter die brennenden Funken ab’: Berliner Schulaufsätze aus dem Jahr 1946, compiled by Annett Gröschner, contains essays written in 1946 by schoolchildren living in East Berlin about their experiences in wartime and during post‐war reconstruction. Using these essays, this article considers the young authors’ self‐presentation as war children, accounts of their status as agents within the war, and the narrative agency they exercise in communicating their stories.In den letzten Jahren haben Angehörige der deutschen Kriegskindergeneration ihr jahrzehntelanges Schweigen gebrochen, indem sie sich anscheinend zum ersten Mal öffentlich über ihre Erfahrungen im Zweiten Weltkrieg geäußert haben. Erzählt wird in vielen Veröffentlichungen, wie z. B. Sabine Bodes Die vergessene Generation: Die Kriegskinder brechen ihr Schweigen, von langfristigen Traumata, von der Verdrängung der Erinnerung und der Chance, das Angestaute in der neuen, einfühlsameren Nachwendezeit zu thematisieren. Solchen Erinnerungen wurde ein privilegierter und prominenter Status gewährt, und aus den Kriegskindern wurde gleichzeitig ein Symbol für deutsche Kriegsopfer. Dieser Artikel untersucht eine Sammlung von Texten, die die übliche Schilderung der Kriegskinder als Ikonen deutschen Leidens im Nachwendediskurs in Frage stellen. Der von Annett Gröschner 1996 ausgewählte und eingeleitete Band ‘Ich schlug meiner Mutter die brennenden Funken ab’: Berliner Schulaufsätze aus dem Jahr 1946 enthält Aufsätze, die 1946 von Ostberliner Schulkindern über ihre Erfahrungen während des Krieges und der Wiederaufbauphase geschrieben wurden. Durch eine Analyse dieser Aufsätze betrachtet der vorliegende Artikel die Selbstdarstellung der jungen Schreibenden als Kriegskinder, ihre Selbstbeschreibung als Handelnde im Krieg, und ihre narrative Tätigkeit als Autoren ihrer Erlebnisse.
Ecotypic variation in forage nutrient value of a dominant prairie grass across a precipitation gradient
Authors: Gibson David J. , Donatelli Juliette M. , AbuGhazaleh Amer , Baer Sara G. , Johnson Loretta C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEcotypic variation in forage nutrient value of a dominant grassland species, Andropogon gerardii Vitman (big bluestem), was quantified across a longitudinal precipitation gradient of the US Great Plains. Ecotypic variation of A. gerardii has been documented across this gradient, but the extent to which forage nutrient value differs among ecotypes is poorly known. Seven indicators of forage nutrient value (neutral detergent fiber [NDF], acid detergent fiber [ADF], in‐vitro dry matter digestibility [IVDMD], crude protein [CP], crude fat [CF], ash content) and relative feed value [RFV] were examined in 12 populations representing four ecotypes corresponding with distinct climate regions: eastern Colorado, central Kansas, eastern Kansas and southern Illinois. Vegetative material of A. gerardii was collected from each population in July 2010. A greenhouse study tested the effect of watering regime on seedlings of the ecotypes from three of the precipitation regions grown under controlled conditions. Forage nutrient value indicators nitrogen and CP increased, and ADF decreased east to west, while IVDMD decreased across the gradient corresponding with less annual precipitation. The greenhouse experiment showed that sampling before and after water treatment affected forage nutrient value measurements, with the exception of NDF and CF. Nutrient value was most related to soil moisture and phenology, with smaller differences among ecotypes. Nutrient value of populations from the southern Illinois ecotype changed the least in response to variation in soil moisture. The southern Illinois ecotype will likely maintain forge nutrient value under variable precipitation projected to occur with climate change better than the ecotypes from more westerly parts of the range of A. gerardii.
The demographics, treatment characteristics and quality of life of adult people with haemophilia in China – results from the HERO study
Authors: Sun J. , Zhao Y. , Yang R. , Guan T. , Iorio A. ,   the Chinese HERO study group
Published: September 2016

IntroductionHaemophilia management in China needs to be further developed. To further improve the quality of life (QoL) of people with haemophilia (PWH) in China, it is important to investigate the peculiarities of China as compared to other countries.AimThe primary objective of the Haemophilia Experiences, Results and Opportunities (HERO) project was to quantify the impact of key psychosocial factors affecting PWH. This article presents the demographics, treatment characteristics, and QoL of adult PWH in China as compared with the results of the other nine countries participating in the HERO study.MethodsThis was a web‐ (except in Algeria) and questionnaire‐based survey conducted in 10 countries.ResultsA total of 110 adult PWH from China and 565 from other countries completed the questionnaire. Compared with other countries, respondents in China reported: lower rate of employment (45.6% vs. 63.1%); lower percentages of being treated by prophylaxis (4.1% vs. 36.8%), being treated always at home (27.8% vs. 54.3%) and following treatment recommendation as instructed (6.2% vs. 40.5%); greater difficulty in obtaining replacement factor products (97.3% vs. 29.6%) and visiting their treatment centre (60.9% vs. 26.4%); more annual bleeds requiring treatment (mean: 29.4/year vs. 15.4/year); lower mean self‐evaluated disease control score (5.5 vs. 7.7), EQ‐5D index (0.71 vs. 0.75) and visual analogue scale (7.1 vs. 7.5) scores. Employed PWH in China had a better self‐reported generic QoL than those unemployed.ConclusionsThe study suggests that there is a major need for further improvement of both medical care and ongoing psychosocial support for PWH in China.
The History of Home Hemodialysis: A View From Seattle
Authors: Blagg Christopher R. 
Published: September 2016

Home hemodialysis was first used for the treatment of end‐stage renal disease in the early 1960s, primarily as a means of reducing the cost of treatment. It was soon found to be an effective form of treatment that provided patient independence, greater opportunity for rehabilitation, and better survival. In 1973, when the Medicare End‐Stage Renal Disease Program began, some 40% of all U.S. dialysis patients were on home hemodialysis, but since then the percentage of patients on this treatment has steadily decreased. There are several reasons for this, one in particular being the lack of availability of suitable equipment.There is now renewed interest in home hemodialysis sparked by the knowledge that new equipment specifically designed for this is being developed, that this is the modality with the best survival rate, greatest opportunity for adequate dialysis and best quality of life, and an interest in the use of daily (or nightly) home hemodialysis. Consequently, more than 30 years later, it appears that home hemodialysis may again become the preferred treatment for many more patients.
Experience With Nocturnal Hemodialysis
Authors: Pierratos Andreas , Ouwendyk Michaelene , Franceur Robert 
Published: September 2016

In order to provide a highly efficient, long‐duration form of hemodialysis, we developed nocturnal hemodialysis. Patients were dialyzed nightly at home for 8 – 10 hours, 6 – 7 nights/week. We kept the dialysate flow at 100 mL/min and the blood flow at 250 – 300 mL/min. Patients were monitored remotely from the hospital through a computer connection. An internal jugular line was used as an access. We have trained 12 patients over 30 months and have accumulated 160 patient‐months worth of data. The patients tolerated the dialysis very well and slept through the night. There was a significant improvement in their sense of well‐being. Nightly Kt/V was 0.99. Weekly removal of phosphate was two times as high and β 2 ‐microglobulin four times as high as conventional hemodialysis. All patients have discontinued their phosphate binders and have increased their dietary phosphate and protein intake. Hypertension was controlled with fewer medications, and erythropoietin dosages decreased. Complications were infrequent and included catheter occlusion and infections. Reusing the dialyzers decreased the cost of the treatment to levels similar to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Nocturnal hemodialysis represents a viable dialysis modality that combines high quality, low cost, and excellent tolerance.
Changes in myofibrillar structure of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) as affected by endogenous proteolysis under acidic condition
Authors: Yang Fang , Xia Wenshui , Rustad Turid , Xu Yanshun , Jiang Qixing 
Published: September 2016

SummaryEffect of endogenous proteolysis on myofibrillar conformational changes under acidic condition was investigated by spectroscopic techniques. The result of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence showed that tryptophan residues were exposed to polar environment by acid denaturation of protein and participation of endogenous proteolysis. Extrinsic fluorescence indicated that average surface hydrophobicity (ShANS) decreased by reduction of pH but increased by endogenous proteolysis. Second‐derivative UV‐spectroscopy implied that the decrease of ShANS under acidic condition may be due to burying of some aromatic amino acid residues into hydrophobic cores induced by acid‐induced aggregation, such as tyrosine, while ShANS increased by exposure of some hydrophobic amino acids due to the effect of endogenous proteases. Raman spectra verified the changes in microenvironment of tryptophan and tyrosine residues, and showed that aliphatic amino acids were mainly exposed to polar solvent by both acid denaturation and endogenous proteolysis. In addition, new disulphide bonds were less likely to form by acid‐induced aggregation and proteolytic cleavage, while random coils increased and smaller water domains were found.
Infants' Visual Recognition of Pincer Grip Emerges Between 9 and 12 Months of Age
Authors: Senna Irene , Addabbo Margaret , Bolognini Nadia , Longhi Elena , Macchi Cassia Viola , Turati Chiara 
Published: September 2016

The development of the ability to recognize the whole human body shape has long been investigated in infants, while less is known about their ability to recognize the shape of single body parts, and in particular their biomechanical constraints. This study aimed to explore whether 9‐ and 12‐month‐old infants have knowledge of a hand‐grasping movement (i.e., pincer grip), being able to recognize violations of the hand's anatomical constraints during the observation of that movement. Using a preferential looking paradigm, we showed that 12‐month‐olds discriminate between biomechanically possible and impossible pincer grips, preferring the former over the latter (Experiment 1). This capacity begins to emerge by 9 months of age, modulated by infants' own sensorimotor experience with pincer grip (Experiment 2). Our findings indicate that the ability to visually discriminate between pincer grasps differing in their biomechanical properties develops between 9 and 12 months of age, and that experience with self‐produced hand movements might help infants in building a representation of the hand that encompasses knowledge of the physical constraints of this body part.
Cross‐sectional survey and surveillance for influenza viruses and MERS‐CoV among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj during 2012‐2015
Authors: Refaey Samir , Amin Marwa Mohamed , Roguski Katherine , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Uyeki Timothy M. , Labib Manal , Kandeel Amr 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundApproximately 80 000 Egyptians participate in Hajj pilgrimage annually. The purpose of this study was to estimate influenza virus and MERS‐CoV prevalence among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj.StudyA cross‐sectional survey among 3 364 returning Egyptian pilgrims from 2012 to 2015 was conducted. Nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were collected from all participants. Sputum specimens were collected from participants with respiratory symptoms and productive cough at the time of their interview. Specimens were tested for influenza viruses, and a convenience sample of NP/OP specimens was tested for MERS‐CoV. Thirty percent of participants met the case definition for influenza‐like illness (ILI), 14% tested positive for influenza viruses, and none tested positive for MERS‐CoV. Self‐reported influenza vaccination was 20%.ConclusionsHigh prevalence of reported ILI during pilgrimage and confirmed influenza virus on return from pilgrimage suggest a continued need for influenza prevention strategies for Egyptian Hajj pilgrims. An evaluation of the Ministry of Health and Population's current risk communication campaigns to increase influenza vaccine use among pilgrims may help identify strategies to improve vaccine coverage.
Feeding problems in infancy and early childhood: evolutionary concept analysis
Authors: Estrem Hayley H. , Pados Britt F. , Park Jinhee , Knafl Kathleen A. , Thoyre Suzanne M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to report an analysis of the concept of pediatric feeding problems.BackgroundReviews of the literature on pediatric feeding problems and disorders repeatedly reference the lack of a shared conceptualization of feeding problems. It is difficult to track aetiology, prevalence and incidence of a phenomenon when available definitions and diagnoses lack practical utility.DesignAn evolutionary concept analysis.Data sourcesA search was conducted in October 2014 of Google Scholar, CINAHL, PubMed and Web of Science databases, with MeSH terms and key words including: failure to thrive, feeding disorder/difficulty/problems, infantile anorexia, oral aversion, mealtime behaviour and dysphagia. Inclusion criteria were: subject of feeding problems, index children 0‐10 years of age, English language and full text.MethodsThe articles (n = 266) were sorted into disciplines of authorship, including Psychology, Medicine, Nursing, Nutrition, Occupational Therapy, Speech Language Pathology or Other. The sample was divided into a historical sample (n = 42) for pre‐2000 articles and current for those published post‐2000. The current sample was later reduced to 100 and coded for surrogate terms, related concepts, attributes, antecedents and consequences.ResultsThe historical view of pediatric feeding problems shows a tradition of mother blame or parental culpability, both direct and indirect. Currently, there exist many different definitions and typologies, but none have sound validity or generalizability. Areas of attribute consensus across disciplines are problematic feeding behaviours and selective or restrictive intake.ConclusionA spectrum conceptualization of feeding problems is suggested for further development, with attributes that would be critical to have a feeding problem.
Assessment of cognitive bias in decision‐making and leadership styles among critical care nurses: a mixed methods study
Authors: Lean Keng Soon , AlQudah Hani Nawaf Ibrahim 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimsTo raise awareness of critical care nurses' cognitive bias in decision‐making, its relationship with leadership styles and its impact on care delivery.BackgroundThe relationship between critical care nurses' decision‐making and leadership styles in hospitals has been widely studied, but the influence of cognitive bias on decision‐making and leadership styles in critical care environments remains poorly understood, particularly in Jordan.DesignTwo‐phase mixed methods sequential explanatory design and grounded theory. Setting: critical care unit, Prince Hamza Hospital, Jordan. Participant sampling: convenience sampling Phase 1 (quantitative,n = 96), purposive sampling Phase 2 (qualitative,n = 20).MethodsPilot tested quantitative survey of 96 critical care nurses in 2012. Qualitative in‐depth interviews, informed by quantitative results, with 20 critical care nurses in 2013. Descriptive and simple linear regression quantitative data analyses. Thematic (constant comparative) qualitative data analysis.ResultsQuantitative – correlations found between rationality and cognitive bias, rationality and task‐oriented leadership styles, cognitive bias and democratic communication styles and cognitive bias and task‐oriented leadership styles. Qualitative – ‘being competent’, ‘organizational structures’, ‘feeling self‐confident’ and ‘being supported’ in the work environment identified as key factors influencing critical care nurses’ cognitive bias in decision‐making and leadership styles. Two‐way impact (strengthening and weakening) of cognitive bias in decision‐making and leadership styles on critical care nurses’ practice performance.ConclusionThere is a need to heighten critical care nurses’ consciousness of cognitive bias in decision‐making and leadership styles and its impact and to develop organization‐level strategies to increase non‐biased decision‐making.
Bullous pemphigoid and its association with neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lai Y.C. , Yew Y.W. , Lambert W.C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBullous pemphigoid (BP) is a chronic, autoimmune vesiculobullous disease that frequently occurs in the elderly population. Previous epidemiological studies have suggested an association between BP and neurological diseases; some studies, however, showed conflicting results. This study aimed to investigate if patients with BP have significantly higher risks for neurological disorders, compared to controls. A comprehensive search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases. Case–control and cohort studies that assessed the relationship between BP and neurological diseases were included. DerSimonian and Laird random‐effects models were utilized to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs). Publication bias was evaluated qualitatively by constructing a funnel plot and quantitatively by conducting Egger's test. Fourteen studies, with 23 369 BP cases and 128 697 controls were included in this meta‐analysis. Patients with BP were significantly more likely to have stroke (RR 2.68, 95% CI: 2.07–3.46), Parkinson's disease (PD; RR 3.42, 95% CI: 3.01–3.87), dementia (RR 4.46, 95% CI: 3.23–6.16), epilepsy (RR 2.98, 95% CI: 1.42–6.28), multiple sclerosis (RR 12.40, 95% CI: 6.64–23.17) and any aforementioned neurological disease (RR 4.93, 95% CI: 3.62–6.70), compared to controls. Moderate to high heterogeneity were observed for analyses of most neurological diseases, except for PD and multiple sclerosis. This study provided support for a significant association between BP and neurological diseases. Clinicians should be aware of this association and manage modifiable risk factors for neurological diseases accordingly.
Influence of Bleaching Agents on Color and Translucency of Aged Resin Composites
Authors: Lago Maristela , Mozzaquatro Lisandra R. , Rodrigues Camila , Kaizer Marina R. , Mallmann André , Jacques Letícia B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesEvaluate the influence of two bleaching agents (16% carbamide peroxide—CP and 35% hydrogen peroxide—HP) on color and translucency of one resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT) in two opacities (enamel and dentin) previously aged in deionized water or red wine.MethodsSixty specimens of each material were divided in two groups (n = 30): aged in water or red wine for 14 days. Then the specimens were divided in three subgroups (n = 10): control/no treatment, treated with 16% carbamide peroxide (Mix Night), treated with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Mix One). Color readings were performed 24 hours after polishing (baseline); after the 14 days of aging; and after bleaching treatment. Color coordinates CIE L*a*b* were measured using a spectrophotometer (SP60 X‐Rite). Color change (CIEDE2000) and translucency parameter were calculated. Data were analyzed with repeated measures two‐way ANOVA, and Student‐Newman‐Keuls tests (5%).ResultsBleaching decreased color change in stained resin composites (aged in red wine), whereas increased it in non‐stained enamel resin composites (aged in water). CP had better bleaching results with stained resin composites than HP. Translucency of non‐stained dentin resin composite decreased with aging, but did not change with bleaching. For stained resin composites, aging caused reduced translucency, whereas bleaching increased it.Clinical SignificanceEffective bleaching of discolored resin composites aged in an acidic and alcoholic media rich in staining agents was achieved, improving color and translucency. Carbamide peroxide showed better performance than hydrogen peroxide for the bleaching of stained resin composites. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:368–377, 2017)
Polymorphism of neuropeptide Y gene rs16147 modifies the response to a hypocaloric diet on cardiovascular risk biomarkers and adipokines
Authors: de Luis D. A. , Izaola O. , de la Fuente B. , Primo D. , Aller R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe main genetic variant described in NPY gene is rs16147 (G‐399A) and it is located within the promoter region upstream of the gene for neropeptide Y (NPY). We evaluate the effects of the rs16147 NPY gene polymorphism on metabolic changes secondary to weight loss after 3 months of a hypocaloric diet in adult obese patients.MethodsA population of 82 obese patients was analysed in an interventional design of one arm. Before and after 3 months on a hypocaloric diet, an anthropometric evaluation, an assessment of nutritional intake and a biochemical analysis were performed. The statistical analysis was performed for combined GA and AA as a group (minor allele group) and GG as second group (major allele group) (dominant model).ResultsIn A allele carriers, the mean (SD) decrease in weight was −2.8 (2.2) kg [decrease in non A allele carriers −2.6 (1.1) kg, P > 0.05), body mass index was −1.2 (0.6) kg m−2 [decrease in non A allele carriers −1.1 (0.8) kg m−2, P > 0.05], fat mass was −1.7 (1.4) kg [decrease in non A allele carriers −1.9 (1.3) kg, P > 0.05], waist circumference was −5.5 (3.4) cm [decrease in non A allele carriers −3.7 (4.1) cm, P = 0.006], C‐reactive protein (CRP) was −0.7 (0.6) mg dL−1 [decrease in non A allele carriers −0.1 (0.3) mg dL−1, P = 0.02], insulin was −1.5 (0.4) mUI L−1 [decrease in non A allele carriers −0.8 (2.0) mUI L−1, P = 0.001] and homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was −0.4 (0.5) [decrease in non A allele carriers −0.2 (0.1), P = 0.005]. interleukin (IL)‐6 changes were significant in A allele carriers [−0.7 (0.2) pg mL−1] versus non A allele carriers [−0.1 (0.3) pg mL−1] (P = 0.01).ConclusionsWe found that the rs164147 genotype affected the reduction of waist circumference, HOMA‐IR, insulin, CRP and IL‐6 levels in response to weight loss diet in obese subjects.