bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Testing and Numerical Modeling of Inflatable Structure for Underwater Applications
Authors: Li Yanjun , Su Tsung-chow , Ouyang Bing , Dalgleish Fraser , Dalgleish Anni 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
As humans explore greater depths of the earth’s oceans, there is a growing need for the installation of subsea structures. Deployable structures can provide a lightweight, compact solution to form large-span structures underwater. Upon inflation, these structures, attached by sensors, can morph into final shapes that are a hundred times larger than their original volume, which extends the former detection range and also provides long-term observation capabilities. This research takes the inflatable structure fundamental element, the inflated tube, and studies its behavior under bending load conditions. Initial scale models are built for the study of the mechanics of inflatable tubes. Numerical and experimental approaches are both developed to investigate the inflatable tubular behavior under concerted loading conditions. The numerical model is based on finite element theory and considers fluid-structure interaction effects under different conditions. The numerical results were compared with the experimental data, where the fractional error between those was found to be less than 15 %. This shows that the methods used in this research lay the foundation for underwater inflatable structure design and analysis.
Parkinson's Disease-Associated LRRK2 Hyperactive Kinase Mutant Disrupts Synaptic Vesicle Trafficking in Ventral Midbrain Neurons
Authors: Pan Ping-Yue , Li Xianting , Wang Jing , Powell James , Wang Qian , Zhang Yuanxi , Chen Zhaoyu , Wicinski Bridget , Hof Patrick , Ryan Timothy A. , Yue Zhenyu 
Published: October 2017

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized pathologically by the selective loss of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. Recent evidence has suggested a role of LRRK2, linked to the most frequent familial PD, in regulating synaptic vesicle (SV) trafficking. However, the mechanism whereby LRRK2 mutants contribute to nigral vulnerability remains unclear. Here we show that the most common PD mutationLRRK2 G2019Simpairs SV endocytosis in ventral midbrain (MB) neurons, including DA neurons, and the slowed endocytosis can be rescued by inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity. A similar endocytic defect, however, was not observed in LRRK2 mutant neurons from the neocortex (hereafter, cortical neurons) or the hippocampus, suggesting a brain region-specific vulnerability to the G2019S mutation. Additionally, we found MB-specific impairment of SV endocytosis in neurons carrying heterozygous deletion ofSYNJ1(PARK20), a gene that is associated with recessive Parkinsonism. CombiningSYNJ1+/−andLRRK2 G2019Sdoes not exacerbate SV endocytosis but impairs sustained exocytosis in MB neurons and alters specific motor functions of 1-year-old male mice. Interestingly, we show that LRRK2 directly phosphorylates synaptojanin1in vitro, resulting in the disruption of endophilin-synaptojanin1 interaction required for SV endocytosis. Our work suggests a merge ofLRRK2andSYNJ1pathogenic pathways in deregulating SV trafficking in MB neurons as an underlying molecular mechanism of early PD pathogenesis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding midbrain dopaminergic (DAergic) neuron-selective vulnerability in PD is essential for the development of targeted therapeutics. We report, for the first time, a nerve terminal impairment in SV trafficking selectively in MB neurons but not cortical neurons caused by two PARK genes:LRRK2(PARK8) andSYNJ1(PARK20). We demonstrate that the enhanced kinase activity resulting from the most frequentG2019Smutation inLRRK2is the key to this impairment. We provide evidence suggesting thatLRRK2 G2019SandSYNJ1loss of function share a similar pathogenic pathway in deregulating DAergic neuron SV endocytosis and that they play additive roles in facilitating each other's pathogenic functions in PD.
Common Synaptic Input to Motor Neurons and Neural Drive to Targeted Reinnervated Muscles
Authors: Farina Dario , Castronovo Anna Margherita , Vujaklija Ivan , Sturma Agnes , Salminger Stefan , Hofer Christian , Aszmann Oskar 
Published: October 2017

We compared the behavior of motor neurons innervating their physiological muscle targets with motor neurons from the same spinal segment whose axons were surgically redirected to remnant muscles (targeted muscle reinnervation). The objective was to assess whether motor neurons with nonphysiological innervation receive similar synaptic input and could be voluntary controlled as motor neurons with natural innervation. For this purpose, we acquired high-density EMG signals from the biceps brachii in 5 male transhumeral amputees who underwent targeted reinnervation of this muscle by the ulnar nerve and from the first dorsal interosseous muscle of 5 healthy individuals to investigate the natural innervation of the ulnar nerve. The same recordings were also performed from the biceps brachii muscle of additional 5 able-bodied individuals. The EMG signals were decomposed into discharges of motor unit action potentials. Motor neurons were progressively recruited for the full range of submaximal muscle activation in all conditions. Moreover, their discharge rate significantly increased from recruitment to target activation level in a similar way across the subject groups. Motor neurons across all subject groups received common synaptic input as identified by coherence analysis of their spike trains. However, the relative strength of common input in both the delta (0.5–5 Hz) and alpha (5–13 Hz) bands was significantly smaller for the surgically reinnervated motor neuron pool with respect to the corresponding physiologically innervated one. The results support the novel approach of motor neuron interfacing for prosthesis control and provide new insights into the role of afferent input on motor neuron activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTargeted muscle reinnervation surgically redirects nerves that lost their target in the amputation into redundant muscles in the region of the stump. The study of the behavior of motor neurons following this surgery is needed for designing biologically inspired prosthetic control strategies. Moreover, targeted muscle reinnervation offers a human experimental framework for studying the control and behavior of motor neurons when changing their target innervated muscle fibers and sensory feedback. Here, we show that the control of motor neurons and their synaptic input, following reinnervation, was remarkably similar to that of the physiological innervation, although with reduced common drive at some frequencies. The results advance our knowledge on the role of sensory input in the generation of the neural drive to muscles and provide the basis for designing physiologically inspired methods for prosthesis control.
Medical Cannabinoids in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wong Shane Shucheng , Wilens Timothy E. 
Published: October 2017

CONTEXT:Legalization of medical marijuana in many states has led to a widening gap between the accessibility and the evidence for cannabinoids as a medical treatment.OBJECTIVE:To systematically review published reports to identify the evidence base of cannabinoids as a medical treatment in children and adolescents.DATA SOURCES:Based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a search of PubMed, Medline, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases was conducted in May 2017.STUDY SELECTION:Searching identified 2743 citations, and 103 full texts were reviewed.DATA EXTRACTION:Searching identified 21 articles that met inclusion criteria, including 22 studies with a total sample of 795 participants. Five randomized controlled trials, 5 retrospective chart reviews, 5 case reports, 4 open-label trials, 2 parent surveys, and 1 case series were identified.RESULTS:Evidence for benefit was strongest for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, with increasing evidence of benefit for epilepsy. At this time, there is insufficient evidence to support use for spasticity, neuropathic pain, posttraumatic stress disorder, and Tourette syndrome.LIMITATIONS:The methodological quality of studies varied, with the majority of studies lacking control groups, limited by small sample size, and not designed to test for the statistical significance of outcome measures. Studies were heterogeneous in the cannabinoid composition and dosage and lacked long-term follow-up to identify potential adverse effects.CONCLUSIONS:Additional research is needed to evaluate the potential role of medical cannabinoids in children and adolescents, especially given increasing accessibility from state legalization and potential psychiatric and neurocognitive adverse effects identified from studies of recreational cannabis use.
Infection Prevention and Control in Pediatric Ambulatory Settings
Authors: Rathore Mobeen H. , Jackson Mary Anne ,   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Byington Carrie L. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Davies H. Dele ,   MHCM, Edwards Kathryn M. , Lynfield Ruth , Munoz Flor M. , Nolt Dawn , Nyquist Ann-Christine , Sawyer Mark H. , Steinbach William J. , Tan Tina Q. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. 
Published: October 2017

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed August 2010, April 2015, and December 2022.
Since the American Academy of Pediatrics published its statement titled “Infection Prevention and Control in Pediatric Ambulatory Settings” in 2007, there have been significant changes that prompted this updated statement. Infection prevention and control is an integral part of pediatric practice in ambulatory medical settings as well as in hospitals. Infection prevention and control practices should begin at the time the ambulatory visit is scheduled. All health care personnel should be educated regarding the routes of transmission and techniques used to prevent the transmission of infectious agents. Policies for infection prevention and control should be written, readily available, updated every 2 years, and enforced. Many of the recommendations for infection control and prevention from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for hospitalized patients are also applicable in the ambulatory setting. These recommendations include requirements for pediatricians to take precautions to identify and protect employees likely to be exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials while on the job. In addition to emphasizing the key principles of infection prevention and control in this policy, we update those that are relevant to the ambulatory care patient. These guidelines emphasize the role of hand hygiene and the implementation of diagnosis- and syndrome-specific isolation precautions, with the exemption of the use of gloves for routine diaper changes and wiping a well child’s nose or tears for most patient encounters. Additional topics include respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette strategies for patients with a respiratory tract infection, including those relevant for special populations like patients with cystic fibrosis or those in short-term residential facilities; separation of infected, contagious children from uninfected children when feasible; safe handling and disposal of needles and other sharp medical devices; appropriate use of personal protective equipment, such as gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection; and appropriate use of sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis. Lastly, in this policy, we emphasize the importance of public health interventions, including vaccination for patients and health care personnel, and outline the responsibilities of the health care provider related to prompt public health notification for specific reportable diseases and communication with colleagues who may be providing subsequent care of an infected patient to optimize the use of isolation precautions and limit the spread of contagions.
A Hallervorden–Spatz-eponímától a molekuláris nevezéktanig
Authors: Garzuly Ferenc 
Published: October 2017

Abstract: Introduction and aim: A combination of Niemann-Pick- and Hallervorden-Spatz diseases led to the death of a 17-year-old boy in 1994. Genetic counseling necessitated further investigations in 2017. Meanwhile, the nomenclature of Hallervorden-Spatz disease has been abandoned. The author analyze the reasons for this change. Method: Professional activities of Hallervorden and Spatz during and after the Nazi euthanasia program are presented. Also, the scientific efforts that led to the discovery of the genetic background of the disease and ultimately to its new name are highlighted. Results: In nazi Germany, a large number of mentally disabled were killed. The majority of pediatric-brains were transferred to the “Kaiser Wilhelm Institut für Hirnforschung”, led by Hugo Spatz, and was included in the “Hallervorden collection”. Investigations exploring the connections between eponyms and nazi-activites started in the mid-1980s. This process was accelerated by the discovery of genetic alterations underlying disease entities, including neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). NBIA has several subtypes, with the first being the disease described by Hallervorden and Spatz, and recently renamed to pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN). The case examined by the authors belongs to the third subtype, to the mitochondrial protein-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN). Conclusion: The works of the two noted neuropathologists strongly conflict with current ethical principles of human research studies. The buried “Hallervorden collection” in the Munich Waldfriedhof cemetery, and the memorial column erected there will remain a sad reminder of a time when a political system profoundly distorted the judgement of even academic physicians. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(43): 1723–1727.
Penelusuran Aspek Ekonomi pada Pondok Pesantren dan Peluang Pengembangannya
Authors: Syahyuti NFN 
Published: October 2017

<p><strong>English</strong><br />As a origin institution in rural area, pesantren always involve in activities of its environment, even in economic activity. Recently, pesantren has been considered as an alternative institution as an entry point by outsider to enhance agricultural development in rural communities. Not as common people knowledge, in fact, pesantren has adaptive power to rural community changes. Eventhough one of the main objective of pesantren is Islamic education, but it is also involved in politics since colonial era. The economic vision of pesantren is rather weak, but in the daily activities they proceed quite good like establish a cooperative, retail business, and so on. Economic aspect is one important part in pesantren organization, especially at madrasyah and nonprofit organization.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Sebagai lembaga pendidikan asli Indonesia, pesantren selalu melibatkan diri dengan perubahan masyarakat disekitarnya, termasuk dalam bidang ekonomi. Akhir-akhir ini, pesantren telah dipandang sebagai lembaga alternatif yang dijadikan entry point oleh berbagai pihak ke dalam masyarakat desa, misalnya dalam bidang pembangunan pertanian. Mungkin tidak sebagaimana pengetahuan banyak orang, pesantren sebenarnya memiliki daya adaptasi yang cukup tinggi terhadap perubahan dilingkungannya. Meskipun tujuan utama lembaga pesantren adalah pada wacana pendidikan, namun secara historik terbukti ia telah ikut melibatkan diri secara intens dalam dunia lain misalnya dunia politik semenjak zaman kolonial Belanda. Dalam wacana ekonomipun pesantren memiliki visi meskipun hanya bersifat minor dalam materi pengajarannya. Sikap dan perilaku terhadap aspek ekonomi lebih berbentuk dalam tataran praktis sehari0hari. Beberapa studi terakhir mendapatkan bahwa aspek ekonomi sudah menjadi bagian yang inheren dan semakin jelas dalam struktur kehidupan pesantren, terutama pada pesantren yang berbentuk madrasyah dalam bentuk organisasi yayasan.</p>
Industri Perunggasan: Memadukan Pertumbuhan dan Pemerataan
Authors: Saptana NFN , Sayuti Rosmijati , Noekman Khairina M. 
Published: October 2017

<p><strong>English<br /></strong>Regarding sustainable economic development, the government have to consider three main roles, i.e. : to accelerate growth through efficiency improvement, to generate equity and justice, and to maintain stability as well as macro-economic growth. The economic system being exclusively bias to one of the said economic dimensions will not sustainable in the long-run. The assessment which accommodate complementary growth and equity on poultry industry is important, due to structural problems on the respective industry, in addition to marginalization of smallholder poultry farmers. Government policies being bias toward economic growth in the condition of economic crisis have substantial negative impact on national poultry industry.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian<br /></strong>Dalam konteks pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan pemerintah mempunyai tiga fungsi sentral yaitu meningkatkan efisiensi guna mempercepat pertumbuhan, menciptakan pemerataan dan keadilan, memacu pertumbumhan ekonomi secara makro dan menjaga stabilitasnya. Suatu sistem perekonomian yang bias ke salah satu tujuan akan menghasilkan kinerja pembangunan ekonomi yang rapuh. Dalam kontek ini, kajian yang memadukan antara pertumbuhan dan pemerataan pada industri perunggasan di pandang sangat relevan, karena pada bidang usaha ini telah terjadi ketimpangan struktur pasar input, pasar hasil (output), integrasi vertikal dan horisontal, dan tersisihnya peternakan rakyat. Kebijakan pemerintah yang bias ke pemacuan pertumbuhan ekonomi adanya dampak krisis ekonomi berkepanjangan telah berdampak buruk pada kinerja industri perunggasan</p>
Perspektif Pendirian Bank Pertanian di Indonesia
Authors: Ashari NFN , Friyatno Supena 
Published: October 2017

<strong>English</strong><br />The role of agricultural sector is very important to enhance the national economic development although its development is not fully supported by sufficient capital. The existing formal financial institutions tend to prioritize non-agricultural services which have high profit but low risk. In this context, efforts to establish agricultural bank institution that especially support agricultural activity services are highly recommended. This paper aimed at a review of the urgency, possibility, potential, and constraints of agricultural bank establishment in Indonesia. The result showed that conceptually and empirically, agricultural bank institution has a promising prospective in Indonesia. There are many options in respect to agricultural bank establishment in Indonesia, such as (1) Credit-agricole “France model”, (2) “Bank Bukopin” model, (3) foreign direct investment model, (4) upgrading of “BUMN Bank” to “Agricultrual Bank” model, and (5) utilizing the financial institution that locally available and accessible by the people. For efficient and effective of the services, the agricultural bank should be designed based on agricultural characteristics and typical actors of agricultural business.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Peran sektor pertanian yang sangat strategis dalam perekonomian nasional belum diimbangi dengan dukungan penyediaan modal yang memadai. Lembaga perbankan formal yang ada saat ini cenderung bias dan lebih mengutamakan pembiayaan non pertanian. Dengan memperhatikan fenomena tersebut, perlu upaya pembentukan lembaga keuangan yang khusus bergerak dalam pembiayaan sektor pertanian. Salah satu wacana tentang bentuk lembaga keuangan tersebut adalah dengan mendirikan Bank Pertanian. Tulisan ini bertujuan melakukan tinjauan mengenai urgensi, potensi dan kendala pembentukan bank pertanian di Indonesia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa secara konseptual maupun empirik, Bank Pertanian sangat prospektif untuk diwujudkan di Indonesia. Ada beberapa format Bank Pertanian yang dapat menjadi pilihan di antaranya (i) pola pendirian credit-agricole Perancis, (ii) pola pendirian bank Bukopin, (iii) investasi langsung modal asing (iv) mendorong bank BUMN menjadi bank pertanian, serta (v) memanfaatkan lembaga keuangan yang tumbuh dan berkembang di tingkat lokal. Agar Bank Pertanian dapat melayani nasabah secara efektif dan efisien, maka bank tersebut harus didesain sesuai dengan kekhasan karakteristik sektor pertanian dan pelaku usaha pertanian.
Strategi Komunikasi Pembangunan Pertanian pada Komunitas Dayak di Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Kifli Gontom Citoro 
Published: October 2017

<strong>English</strong><br />West Kalimantan is inhabited by multi-ethnicity communities, such as Dayak, Melayu, and Java. Dayak community is the major ethnic and spread out in West Kalimantan province. At present, Dayak community has many restricted accesses for specifically agricultural information and technology innovation. The objective of this article is to identify the role of Dayak community chief and their communication strategy for agricultural development. The method used in this article was literature review about Dayak culture and their development communication. Dayak community was initially dwelling in Kalimantan region with main occupation as dry land farmers. Strategies to improve accessibility of Dayak community on information and technology innovation are suggested as follows: (a) empowering the role of community chief as liaison person (contact person), (b) revitalizing mass media using radio and television with Dayak culture attributes, and (c) establishing small group communication by participatory communication within and outside the community.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Penduduk Kalimantan Barat terdiri dari berbagai komunitas masyarakat (multi-etnis), dimana tiga etnis terbesar adalah etnis Dayak, Melayu dan Jawa. Komunitas Dayak memiliki populasi yang terbesar dibanding yang lain dan hidup menyebar di wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Komunitas Dayak merupakan suku asli Kalimantan dan memiliki budaya bertani sebagai petani ladang. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan merumuskan strategi komunikasi pembangunan pertanian pada komunitas Dayak di Kalimantan Barat yang lebih sesuai, dengan memanfaatkan eksistensi tokoh-tokoh adat. Tulisan ini merupakan review literatur berbagai bahan tertulis berkenaan dengan aspek adat, peran tokoh adat Dayak, dan komunikasi pembangunan pertanian. Strategi pendekatan komunikasi yang sebaiknya dilakukan dalam kaitan tersebut adalah melalui pemberdayaan tokoh adat Dayak sebagai liaison person atau penghubung, revitalisasi komunikasi massa melalui pemanfaatan media radio dan televisi dengan atribut adat Dayak, serta pendekatan komunikasi kelompok melalui komunikasi partisipatif di dalam dan luar komunitas Dayak.