bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground and Low‐Lying Excited States of Nickel Monocarbonyl Obtained by Anion Photoelectron Velocity Map Imaging Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Ya , Yang Yufeng , Yan Yonghong , Yao Xiaoyue , Liu Zhiling 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe photodetachment of nickel monocarbonyl anion was investigated with photoelectron velocity map imaging spectroscopy and analyzed using the existing and new theoretical calculations. The photodetachment experiment conducted at three detachment photon energies (i. e. 1064, 532, and 355 nm) revealed a wealth of spectroscopic information about both the ground state and low‐lying excited states of NiCO. Franck‐Condon simulations were performed to assist the spectral assignment of the vibrationally resolved ground‐state transition. The electron affinity of NiCO is measured to be 0.775±0.002 eV. Three stretching vibrational modes were determined to be activated upon photodetachment, with frequencies of 2016±100, 597±10, and 564±10 cm−1. The higher‐energy electronic transitions were divided into two congested spectral bands, falling in the ranges of 1.8~2.8 and 2.8~3.5 eV, respectively. The current VMI provided valuable benchmark data for the theoretical calculations on the nickel carbonyls.
Power or speed: Which metric is more accurate for modelling endurance running performance on track?
Authors: Ruiz‐Alias Santiago A. , Ñancupil‐Andrade Alberto A. , Pérez‐Castilla Alejandro , García‐Pinillos Felipe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the accuracy of the power output, measured by a power meter, with respect to the speed, measured by an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) sport watch to determine the critical power (CP) and speed (CS), work over CP (W') and CS (D'), and long‐duration performance (i.e., 60 min). Fifteen highly trained athletes randomly performed seven time trials on a 400 m track. The CP/CS and W'/D' were defined through the inverse of time model using the 3, 4, 5, 10, and 20 min trials. The 60 min performance was estimated through the power law model using the 1, 3, and 10 min trials and compared with the actual performance. A lower standard error of the estimate was obtained when using the power meter (CP: 2.7 [2.1–3.3] % and W': 13.8 [10.4–17.3] %) compared to the speed reported by the IMU (CS: 3.4 [2.5–4.3] %) and D': 20.7 [16.6–24.7] %) and GNSS sport watch (CS: 3.4 [2.5–4.3] % and D': 20.6 [16.7–24.7] %). A lower coefficient of variation was also observed for the power meter (4.9 [3.7–6.1] %) Regarding the speed reported by the IMU (10.9 [7.1–14.8] %) and GNSS sport watch (10.9 [7.0–14.7] %) in the 60 min performance estimation, the power meter offered lower errors than the IMU and GNSS sport watch for modelling endurance performance on the track.
Power‐to‐Ethanol Using Bimetallic Catalysts: Reaction Paths, Transfer to Gas Diffusion Electrode, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Gräfin von Westarp Elisabeth , Hecker Burkhard , Tempel Hermann , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTEthanol is a promising product for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), as ethanol as a value‐added product can help to enable the near‐term feasibility of this technique, thus Power‐to‐ethanol can act as a pioneering process for the CO2RR. Furthermore, CO2RR offers a green production process for ethanol in addition to biomass fermentation. However, the formation of ethanol via electrolysis often competes with ethylene production, which makes the selective formation of ethanol more difficult. We show that this problem can be circumvented by using a bimetallic catalyst that provides abundant *CO and thus activates an alternative and selective reaction path for ethanol. However, this study was carried out in an aqueous‐fed H‐type electrolyzer, which has mass transport limitations and thus insufficient current densities. To solve this issue, the studied catalyst is transferred to a gas diffusion electrode. Here we emphasize that, in addition to other relevant parameters, the choice of the binder also can have a high impact on the performance of the electrode. As an outlook, various enhanced reactor designs and their influence on ethanol formation are presented.
Unveiling the potentials and action mechanisms of Citri reticulatae Pericarpium as an anti‐inflammatory food
Authors: Li Yanyi , Chen Ying , Zhou Yue , He Jiayi , Zhou Qian , Wang Mingfu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractModern lifestyle has led human body under a frequent exposure of chronic inflammation. Intriguingly, extensive studies have indicated that Citri reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), the dried peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivated varieties, has immense potential as an anti‐inflammatory food. Therefore, the present review aims to summarize advances in utilizing CRP for the prevention and controlling of inflammation under various pathological conditions. In particular, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the bioactive compounds present in CRP, with a specific focus on polymethoxyflavones and their transformations during aging process. Moreover, the underlying mechanism responsible for the anti‐inflammatory effects primarily involves the inhibition of inflammatory factors through signaling pathways, such as mitogen‐activated protein kinases and nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2–antioxidant pathways. The interaction with gut microbiota also contributes to the anti‐inflammatory potential of CRP. In summary, this review offers valuable insights into the health benefits of CRP and its constituents, laying a solid foundation for the further development of CRP into anti‐inflammatory foods.
Kaempferol Reduces Cardiopulmonary Load and Muscular Damage in Repeated 400‐m Sprints: A Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Okita Koichi , Mizokami Tsubasa , Akiyama Minoru , Ikeda Yasutaka 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPlants exposed to hypoxic conditions have been suggested to produce more biologically active phytochemicals than those exposed to normal oxygen levels. Previously, we investigated 314 highland crop species and showed that the flavonoid kaempferol extracted from a highland quinoa grain markedly increased mitochondrial metabolism and ATP production in a hypoxic environment in vitro. Thus, we hypothesized that kaempferol would be effective during exercise under harsh conditions, in which anaerobic metabolism occurs. This study adopted a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover design to investigate the effect of a single oral dose of kaempferol (10 mg) on the athletic performance‐related indicators of 13 male university athletes (20.8 ± 0.7 years) who performed two consecutive 400‐m runs with the shortest 90‐min interval assuming qualifying and main races. Although no significant differences were observed in the 400‐m race times between the placebo and kaempferol groups, kaempferol intake markedly reduced the respiratory and heart rates during the second run (p < 0.05). In addition, kaempferol intake reduced the levels of muscle damage markers, myoglobin, and aspartate transaminase (p < 0.05). A single oral dose of kaempferol reduced the cardiopulmonary burden and muscle damage in individuals participating in 400‐m runs. Kaempferol may be a useful supplement for relieving the physical load, particularly in individuals performing strenuous exercises with high oxygen demand.Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry in Japan: UMIN000049588
Curcumin's Protective Role in Heatstroke‐Induced Acute Liver Injury: Targeting Pyroptosis and Enhancing SIRT1 Expression
Authors: Wu Yizhan , Guo Fei , Ma Yan , Chai Weihao , Li Jiajia , Shi Wenhui , Liu Jiangwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeatstroke (HS) is a severe systemic condition that significantly impacts organ function, with the liver being particularly vulnerable. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a crucial deacetylase, is implicated in various diseases' pathophysiology. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, has been shown to modulate SIRT1 activity, offering therapeutic benefits. This study explores the impact of HS on hepatic SIRT1 expression and the protective mechanisms of curcumin against HS‐induced hepatic injury. Male C57BL/6 mice are divided into control and curcumin pretreatment groups, subjected to HS induction, and assessed for liver injury biomarkers, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines. Results indicate that HS downregulates SIRT1, leading to liver damage and systemic inflammation. Curcumin pretreatment dose‐responsively attenuates these effects, with the highest dose providing optimal protection, potentially through SIRT1 restoration. The findings suggest that curcumin's hepatoprotective role in HS may be mediated by upregulating SIRT1, highlighting its therapeutic potential in heatstroke‐related liver damage.
From classroom to bedside: The role of point‐of‐care ultrasound in undergraduate medical education
Authors: Buhumaid Rasha , Salman Hira , Kilian Paddy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionPoint‐of‐Care Ultrasound (POCUS) has become an indispensable tool for diagnosis, monitoring, and procedure guidance in various medical specialties. Structured POCUS training is essential to provide users with the knowledge and skills needed for clinical practice. Many medical schools have integrated POCUS into their curriculum to familiarize their students with this technology early on in their medical careers.ObjectiveThis review aims to explore the integration of POCUS into the undergraduate medical education curriculum, discussing its benefits, challenges, barriers, and strategies for effective implementation.DiscussionThe POCUS educational framework uses various methods that combine the delivery of theoretical knowledge with practical skills training. It is highly recommended that medical schools include the fundamentals of ultrasound physics and knobology, structural anatomy, physiology, basic pathology of various organs, and basic instructions on ultrasound needle guidance for procedures in their POCUS curriculum. Importantly, the curriculum should include a comprehensive plan for assessing competency. The integration of POCUS into undergraduate medical education offers several benefits, including facilitating the teaching of basic sciences, enhancing physical examination skills, improving clinical problem‐solving abilities, preparing students for future clinical work, and enhancing the overall educational experience. However, there are challenges associated with this integration, such as a limited availability of qualified instructors, the high financial and logistical investment required, and the complexities of incorporating POCUS into an already compact medical curriculum. With the advancements in ultrasound technology and the integration of artificial intelligence, future research studies are needed to assess how these developments influence the integration of POCUS in undergraduate medical education.
Safety of the use of dinoprostone gel and vaginal insert for induction of labor: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Di Tommaso Mariarosaria , Pellegrini Rosamaria , Ammar Oumaima , Lecis Serena , Huri Mor , Facchinetti Fabio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes associated with the use of dinoprostone for induction of labor, with particular attention on categories for which caution is recommended by the Italian Medicines Agency and the European Medicine Agency.MethodsA retrospective multicenter observational study was conducted on a population of 1687 patients undergoing induction of labor with vaginal dinoprostone (gel or insert) between August 2019 and June 2022. Patients were subdivided based on maternal age, gestational age, and obstetric disorders. Data regarding the mode of delivery, the incidence of tachysystole, and the obstetric and perinatal outcomes were collected.ResultsThe main adverse event associated with the use of dinoprostone was tachysystole. However, tachysystole was not associated with an increased risk of cesarean section (CS), neonatal intensive care (NICU) admission, low 1‐min Apgar, or umbilical cord acidosis. Maternal age greater than 35 years, gestational age greater than 40 weeks, and obstetric disorders were not associated with an increased rate of tachysystole, NICU admission, low 1‐ and 5‐min Apgar scores, and cord acidosis. The only associated adverse outcomes in those categories were postpartum hemorrhage with age greater than 35 years and tachysystole with gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders. Not a single case of severe outcome (disseminated intravascular coagulation, uterine rupture, maternal and fetal death) was reported in the cohort.ConclusionProviding there is adequate maternal and fetal surveillance, in an inpatient setting, dinoprostone could be safely administered for the induction of labor and considered appropriate in high‐risk pregnancies. Tachysystole can be self‐identified by the patient and effectively managed.
Enteritis of the ileal conduit as an adverse event related to immune checkpoint inhibitor use
Authors: Kobayashi Ko , Hashimoto Kohei , Tanaka Toshiaki , Masumori Naoya 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionGastroenterocolitis is one of the adverse events related to immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, inflammation of the intestinal lesion used for urinary diversion is not well known as an adverse event related to their use.Case presentationA patient with metastatic bladder cancer was administered pembrolizumab as second‐line treatment. After 12 days of administration, he felt abdominal distention. Computed tomography demonstrated thickening of the ileal conduit wall and bilateral hydronephrosis. Biopsy of the ileal conduit revealed inflammatory granulation tissue. Biopsy of the sigmoid colon also revealed colitis. Therefore, we diagnosed enterocolitis including the ileal conduit related to pembrolizumab. We then started to administer 30 mg prednisolone. After this treatment, we confirmed improvement of the clinical symptoms and healing of the ileal conduit mucosa.ConclusionInflammation of an ileal conduit can occur as an immune‐related adverse event caused by metastatic urothelial carcinoma treatment with pembrolizumab.
Short‐Term Multicomponent Exercise Impact on Muscle Function and Structure in Hospitalized Older at Risk of Acute Sarcopenia
Authors: Sáez de Asteasu Mikel L. , Martínez‐Velilla Nicolás , Zambom‐Ferraresi Fabricio , García‐Alonso Yesenia , Galbete Arkaitz , Ramírez‐Vélez Robinson , Cadore Eduardo L. , Izquierdo Mikel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHospitalization exacerbates sarcopenia and physical dysfunction in older adults. Whether tailored inpatient exercise prevents acute sarcopenia is unknown. This study aimed to examine the effect of a multicomponent exercise programme on muscle and physical function in hospitalized older adults. We hypothesized that participation in a brief tailored exercise regimen (i.e., 3–5 days) would attenuate muscle function and structure changes compared with usual hospital care alone.MethodsThis randomized clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment was conducted from May 2018 to April 2021 at Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Spain. Participants were 130 patients aged 75 years and older admitted to an acute care geriatric unit. Patients were randomized to a tailored 3‐ to 5‐day exercise programme (n = 64) or usual hospital care (control, n = 66) consisting of physical therapy if needed. The coprimary endpoints were between‐group differences in changes in short physical performance battery (SPPB) score and usual gait velocity from hospital admission to discharge. Secondary endpoints included changes in rectus femoris echo intensity, cross‐sectional area, thickness and subcutaneous and intramuscular fat by ultrasound.ResultsAmong 130 randomized patients (mean [SD] age, 87.7 [4.6] years; 57 [44%] women), the exercise group increased their mean SPPB score by 0.98 points (95% CI, 0.28–1.69 points) and gait velocity by 0.09 m/s (95% CI, 0.03–0.15 m/s) more than controls (both p < 0.01). No between‐group differences were observed in any ultrasound muscle outcomes. There were no study‐related adverse events.ConclusionsThree to 5 days of tailored multicomponent exercise provided functional benefits but did not alter muscle or fat architecture compared with usual hospital care alone among vulnerable older patients. Brief exercise may help prevent acute sarcopenia during hospitalization.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04600453
Snorkel‐tag based affinity chromatography for recombinant extracellular vesicle purification
Authors: Bobbili Madhusudhan Reddy , Görgens André , Yan Yan , Vogt Stefan , Gupta Dhanu , Corso Giulia , Barbaria Samir , Patrioli Carolina , Weilner Sylvia , Pultar Marianne , Jacak Jaroslaw , Hackl Matthias , Schosserer Markus , Grillari Regina , Kjems Jørgen , Andaloussi Samir EL , Grillari Johannes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid nanoparticles and play an important role in cell‐cell communications, making them potential therapeutic agents and allowing to engineer for targeted drug delivery. The expanding applications of EVs in next generation medicine is still limited by existing tools for scaling standardized EV production, single EV tracing and analytics, and thus provide only a snapshot of tissue‐specific EV cargo information. Here, we present the Snorkel‐tag, for which we have genetically fused the EV surface marker protein CD81, to a series of tags with an additional transmembrane domain to be displayed on the EV surface, resembling a snorkel. This system enables the affinity purification of EVs from complex matrices in a non‐destructive form while maintaining EV characteristics in terms of surface protein profiles, associated miRNA patterns and uptake into a model cell line. Therefore, we consider the Snorkel‐tag to be a widely applicable tool in EV research, allowing for efficient preparation of EV standards and reference materials, or dissecting EVs with different surface markers when fusing to other tetraspanins in vitro or in vivo.
Small extracellular vesicles contain metals and transfer metal intercellularly
Authors: Purnianto Adityas , Mawal Celeste , Kulkarni Mitali M. , Su Huaqi , Koukoulis Tiana F. , Wongsodirdjo Patricia , Hung Ya Hui , Ayton Scott , Bush Ashley I. , Barnham Kevin J. , Vella Laura J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCells have developed a highly regulated system for the uptake, transport, utilization, storage, and export of metals, ensuring the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) function as a mechanism through which a cell can export its cargo and transfer it to recipient cells. However, in contrast to the other molecular cargo associated with sEVs, the metal content of sEVs is not well characterized. To address this gap in knowledge, we measured the levels of nine essential metals (copper, iron, zinc, manganese, magnesium, potassium, calcium, chromium, cobalt) and six non‐essential metals (nickel, rubidium, titanium, aluminium, lithium, lead) in sEVs originating from multiple in vitro and ex vivo sources. Our findings reveal that, beyond containing redox‐active essential metals and those involved in redox reactions, sEVs also exhibit the capability to export and transfer non‐physiological, potentially toxic metals.
Ten‐year outcomes of a prospective population‐based incidence cohort of inflammatory bowel disease patients from Canterbury, New Zealand
Authors: Forbes Angela J , Frampton Chris M A , Day Andrew S , DeVries Millie , McVicar Nina , Su Heidi , Gearry Richard B 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a progressive condition where ongoing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to complications such as strictures, and fistulae. The long‐term outcomes of newly diagnosed patients under current medical therapy can be used to plan health service provision and guide patients.MethodsProspective population‐based data on all incident patients diagnosed with IBD in Canterbury was gathered in 2014 (n = 205). The medical records of these patients were followed for medication use, disease progression, hospitalization, surgery and mortality, in the 10 years since their diagnosis. Survival analysis and cox regression determined characteristics associated with earlier time to these outcomes.ResultsMedical records of 184 IBD patients were able to be retrieved. Immunomodulators were used by 62% and biologics by 35%; hospitalization occurred for 42% and surgery for 15%. Montreal phenotype progression occurred for 21 and 7% of the cohort died. Younger age at diagnosis hazard ratio (HR) 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–4.0) and Crohn's disease HR 1.7 (95% CI 1.1–2.6) was associated with immunomodulator use. Younger age was also associated with biologic use HR 2.9 (95% CI 1.2–6.9). Male gender was associated with surgery HR 2.8 (95% CI 1.2–6.4). Perianal disease at diagnosis (14.7%) was associated with immunomodulator use HR 2.58 (95% CI 1.44–4.59) and Montreal phenotype progression HR 2.93 (95% CI 1.10–7.77).ConclusionIn the 10 years since diagnosis disease progression and treatment escalation occurred for most of this population‐based cohort. Earlier intervention for patients with higher‐risk characteristics may improve long‐term outcomes reducing the burden on health systems.
A study on loading multiple epitopes with a single peptide
Authors: Guo Chunyan , Xu Cuixiang , Feng Qing , Xie Xin , Li Yan , Zhao Xiangrong , Hu Jun , Fang Senbiao , Shang Lijun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEpitopes, the basic functional units of antigens, hold great significance in the field of immunology. However, the structure and composition of epitopes and their interactions with antibodies remain unclear, which limits in‐depth studies on epitopes and the development of subunit vaccines. In a previous study on the localization of anti‐influenza HA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), three strains with different characteristics reacted with the same peptide. In this study, by conventional immunological assays, computer homology modeling, and molecular docking simulations, we found that (1) the peptide could bind to three strains of mAbs with different reaction characteristics utilizing different combinations of immunodominant groups. (2) By computer molecular docking and simulation methods, the immunodominant groups on the two peptides could be combined into a multi‐epitope peptide bound to six strains of mAbs. We established a method for multi‐epitope peptide recombination from these immunodominant groups. (3) The immune effect of the recombinant multi‐epitope peptide was better than that of a single peptide. Our findings facilitate the understanding of the composition of antigen epitopes and provide a theoretical and experimental basis for developing polyvalent vaccines and understanding immune responses at the molecular level.
The Role of Parvalbumin Interneurons in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Yao Yiwei , Li Qian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAs an important subtype of GABAergic interneurons, parvalbumin (PV) interneurons play a critical role in regulating cortical circuits and neural networks. Abnormalities in the development or function of PV interneurons have been linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and language deficits. In this review, we focus on the abnormalities of PV interneurons in ASD, including quantity and function and discuss the underlying mechanisms of impairments in PV interneurons in the pathology of ASD. Finally, we propose potential therapeutic approaches targeting PV interneurons, such as transplanting MGE progenitor cells and utilizing optogenetic stimulation in the treatment of ASD.