bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon self‐interstitial properties deduced from platinum profiles after annealing with controlled cooling
Authors: Johnsson Anna , Pichler Peter , Schmidt Gerhard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractExperiments of platinum diffusion in silicon were used to extract information about the equilibrium concentration of silicon self‐interstitials. In these experiments, the platinum was driven in from a silicide and the temperature was ramped down with different rates after the main annealing process at constant temperature. Simulations show that the concentration of substitutional platinum in the bulk region is sensitive to the value of the equilibrium concentration of self‐interstitials within a certain range. It was therefore possible to determine an upper limit for that parameter at 830°C based on our measurements.
Sustainable groundwater remediation and reuse case study
Authors: Carver Marc , Gertz Mitchell 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSustainability is an important consideration when designing a remedy given the value that can be demonstrated to all stakeholders. A case study is presented that illustrates an example where sustainability was emphasized during the selection and implementation of a groundwater remedy. An extensive free and/or residual product investigation was completed to demonstrate that hydraulic control is a suitable remedy and active direct treatment was not required pursuant to the state regulations. A pump and treat system for onsite hydraulic containment was installed to control plume migration. The system allows for 100 percent reuse of treated groundwater in the manufacturing process. Both the groundwater reuse and investigation conclusions have resulted in significant cost savings and sustainability benefits, including the reduction in the annual load on the drinking water aquifer by up to 138 million gallons per year.
MnO2 Nanoparticles Confined in TiO2 Nanotubes for Catalytic Combustion of Butane
Authors: Zhang Sen , Luo Weimin , Yang Xu , Lv Tai , Huang Yanqin , Dong Kaijun , Li Xinjun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA confined MnO2 catalyst with MnO2 nanoparticles entrapped in TiO2 nanotube was synthesized through vacuum‐assisted impregnation method. Due to the confinement effect of TiO2 nanotube, the electron density distribution between the exterior and interior nanotube surface is modulated. As such, the confined MnO2 can facilitate the formation and migration of active oxygen species in the catalyst. The catalyst exhibits the enhanced activity in the catalytic combustion of butane, and the reaction temperature is significantly lowered. This result demonstrates that the confined MnO2 in TiO2 nanotube can serve as a cost‐effective catalyst for the elimination of VOCs from the air.
Palladium Nanoparticles Immobilized on Cross‐Linked Polymeric Ionic Liquid Material: Application as Efficient and Recoverable Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes
Authors: Jiao Nianming , Li Zelong , Xia Chungu , Liu Jianhua 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study offers an exclusive class of cross linked polymeric ionic liquid material poly(divinylbenzene‐co‐dication imidazole ionic liquids) (P(DVB‐DIIL)), as a host immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). The resulting P(DVB‐DIIL)‐Pd catalysts were fully characterized using some different techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The immobilized palladium catalyst showed high activity for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes with H2 under mild conditions, affording the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. Moreover, the catalyst could be recovered easily and reused 10 times without significant loss of reactivity. The existence of NHC ligands in cross‐linked polymeric ionic liquid material may be responsible for the formation of active and stable supported Pd NPs catalyst.
Reduction of vibration on a cantilever Timoshenko beam subjected to repeated sequence of excitation with magnetorheological outriggers
Authors: Ndemanou Buris Peggy , Fankem Eliane Raïssa , Nana Nbendjo Blaise Romeo 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis paper deals with the statistical effects of an outrigger system on a cantilever beam under seismic excitation. The nonstationary random approach is employed to simulate seismic events. The Timoshenko beam approach is used to model the frame‐core tube linked at a point of its length by the damped outriggers, therefore are connected vertically two magnetorheological damper devices. The peak root‐mean‐square values of displacement responses is employed as a best measure effective to specify the optimal locations of outriggers according to different vibration modes. To evaluate the performance of the control system, the control algorithm based on Lyapunov stability theory is adopted to seek the input voltage leading to the reduction of vibration.
Of Wives and Daughters: Stereotypes of the Caring Female?
Authors: Zimmermann Martina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis chapter illustrates how the perceived degree of caregiver burden impacts on the caregiver’s perception and, thus, presentation of the patient. The insights so gained call for stronger socio-economic caregiver support. ‘Of Wives and Daughters’ also aims to separate out conceptual differences between parental and spousal caregiving: shared memories of a life-long relationship colour patient presentation, also because they enable the maintaining of pre-narrative identity; daughters may care mindful of their generational duties, but see their own identity as child at stake. This chapter also argues that the increasing societal awareness of dementia and a related awareness of caregiver needs led to a shift from a stereotypical caregiver- to a more patient-centred approach in caregiving, which is strongly reflected in more recent caregiver accounts.
About Tradition and Triumph: Patients Popularise Dementia Narrative
Authors: Zimmermann Martina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis chapter dissects how societal expectations regarding the dementia patient’s performance and productivity impose successful narrative articulation as central to the perception of identity, social assertion and self. It explores the phenomenon that the first patient accounts present linear and edited (rather than chaos) narratives, and aims at understanding how the discrepancy between illness process and narrative plot impacts on the reader’s perception of patient and condition. A comparison of patient-versus co-authored texts that additionally accounts for different stages in the severity of dementia is as revealing as an analysis of sequential publications by the same patient. This investigation supports the argument that gradually intensifying patient activism, also related to their popularising dementia narratives, enables patients’ freedom of presentation towards structurally less accomplished accounts.
On Reclaiming Authority: The Enabling Discourse of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zimmermann Martina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis chapter illustrates how more recent Alzheimer’s disease patient narratives take patient activism further in both form and contents. Disease-imposed constraints become the narrative’s core in terms of both aesthetic presentation and political pursuit. This development parallels the changes observed in caregiver life-writing, as patients and their needs reach the centre of narrative presentation and performance. This chapter argues that patients can thrive, building on earlier advocacy of their fellow sufferers, on more fragmented illness presentation. They can choose narrative forms that match their attention span as well as their political intentions, and show them as living within their remaining capabilities. In this way, patients authoritatively claim their continued independence within their narrative abilities, making themselves partners in the ensuing sociopolitical, cultural and economic debates.
Between- and within-site variation in medication choices and adverse events during procedural sedation for electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and flutter
Authors: Clinkard David , Stiell Ian , Lang Eddy , Rose Stuart , Clement Catherine , Brison Robert , Rowe Brian H. , Borgundvaag Bjug , Langhan Trevor , Magee Kirk , Stenstrom Rob , Perry Jeffery J. , Birnie David , Wells George , McRae Andrew 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesAlthough procedural sedation for cardioversion is a common event in emergency departments (EDs), there is limited evidence surrounding medication choices. We sought to evaluate geographic and temporal variation in sedative choice at multiple Canadian sites, and to estimate the risk of adverse events due to sedative choice.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of one health records review, the Recent Onset Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter-0 (RAFF-0 [n=420, 2008]) and one prospective cohort study, the Recent Onset Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter-1 (RAFF-1 [n=565, 2010 – 2012]) at eight and six Canadian EDs, respectively. Sedative choices within and among EDs were quantified, and the risk of adverse events was examined with adjusted and unadjusted comparisons of sedative regimes.ResultsIn RAFF-0 and RAFF-1, the combination of propofol and fentanyl was most popular (63.8% and 52.7%) followed by propofol alone (27.9% and 37.3%). There were substantially more adverse events in the RAFF-0 data set (13.5%) versus RAFF-1 (3.3%). In both data sets, the combination of propofol/fentanyl was not associated with increased adverse event risk compared to propofol alone.ConclusionThere is marked variability in procedural sedation medication choice for a direct current cardioversion in Canadian EDs, with increased use of propofol alone as a sedation agent over time. The risk of adverse events from procedural sedation during cardioversion is low but not insignificant. We did not identify an increased risk of adverse events with the addition of fentanyl as an adjunctive analgesic to propofol.
Make it two: A case report of dual sequential external defibrillation
Authors: Bell Colin R. , Szulewski Adam , Brooks Steven C. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTDual sequential external defibrillation (DSED) is the process of near simultaneous discharge of two defibrillators with differing pad placement to terminate refractory arrhythmias. Previously used in the electrophysiology suite, this technique has recently been used in the emergency department and prehospital setting for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We present a case of successful DSED in the emergency department with neurologically intact survival to hospital discharge after refractory ventricular fibrillation (RVF) and review the putative mechanisms of action of this technique.
To flap or not to flap: comparison between flapping and clapping propulsions
Authors: Martin Nathan , Roh Chris , Idrees Suhail , Gharib Morteza 
Published: June 2017

A comparison between swimming by flapping and by periodic contractions is conducted. Swimming by flapping is approximated as a pitching plate while swimming by periodic contractions is approximated as clapping plates. A direct comparison is made between the two propulsion mechanisms by utilizing a machine that can operate in either a flapping or a clapping mode between Reynolds numbers of 1880 and 11 260 based on the average plate tip velocity and span. The average thrust generated and the average input power required per cycle are compared between cases where the total sweep angle and the total sweep time are identical. Variation of the kinematics results in a similar thrust between the two mechanisms, but a greater power is required for clapping. Variation of the flexibility results in a consistent decrease in the required power for clapping and a decrease in thrust at high flexibility. Variation of the duty cycle for clapping rigid plates results in a significant increase in thrust and a significant decrease in the required power. Overall, the results suggest that flapping propulsion is the more effective propulsion mechanism within the range of Reynolds numbers tested.
Concentration and velocity statistics of inertial particles in upward and downward pipe flow
Authors: Oliveira J. L. G. , van der Geld C. W. M. , Kuerten J. G. M. 
Published: June 2017

Three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry is applied to particle-laden turbulent pipe flows at a Reynolds number of 10 300, based on the bulk velocity and the pipe diameter, for developed fluid flow and not fully developed flow of inertial particles, which favours assessment of the radial migration of the inertial particles. Inertial particles with Stokes number ranging from 0.35 to 1.11, based on the particle relaxation time and the radial-dependent Kolmogorov time scale, and a ratio of the root-mean-square fluid velocity to the terminal velocity of order 1 have been used. Core peaking of the concentration of inertial particles in up-flow and wall peaking in down-flow have been found. The difference in mean particle and Eulerian mean liquid velocity is found to decrease to approximately zero near the wall in both flow directions. Although the carrier fluid has all of the characteristics of the corresponding turbulent single-phase flow, the Reynolds stress of the inertial particles is different near the wall in up-flow. These findings are explained from the preferential location of the inertial particles with the aid of direct numerical simulations with the point-particle approach.
Material Connections: German Schools, Things, and Soft Power in Argentina and Chile from the 1880s through the Interwar Period
Authors: Penny H. Glenn 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFrom the late nineteenth century through the interwar period, the production and consumption of German things played critical roles in delineating and connecting a wide variety of German places in Latin America. Such places became ubiquitous in Chile and Argentina. They flourished because there was ample room in the German imagination for the multiplicity of German places and the cultural hybridity that accompanied them to extend beyond Imperial Germany's national boundaries and colonial possessions. They also flourished because host societies found virtue in having those German places in their states. This essay uses German schools in Argentina and Chile as a window into the emergence of such German places and the soft power that accompanied them. Scholars often overlook that power when they focus on colonial questions or formal and informal imperialism in Latin America. More than any other institution, German schools became sites where the production and consumption of German things were concentrated and multilayered, and where the consistencies and great varieties of Germanness that arrived and evolved in Latin America gained their clearest articulation. Because those schools were both centers of communities and nodes in a global pedagogical network that thrived during the interwar period, they provide us with great insight into a nexus of motivations that created German places in Latin America. Life around these schools also underscores the importance of studying immigrants and their things together.
‘WHEN THE CHIEF TAKES AN INTEREST’: DEVELOPMENT AND THE REINVENTION OF ‘COMMUNAL’ LABOR IN NORTHERN GHANA, 1935–60
Authors: WIEMERS ALICE 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAs colonial and nationalist governments pursued small-scale development in mid-century northern Ghana, so-called ‘voluntary’, ‘communal’, or ‘self-help’ labor became a key determinant of funding. District records and oral histories show how colonial officials, chiefs, and party politicians alternately cast unpaid labor as a way to cut costs, a catalyst for new forms of politics, and an expression of local cohesion. This article extends analysis of ‘self-help’ beyond articulations of and debates about national policy, examining daily negotiations over budgeting and building. It follows two chiefs who used their ability to raise labor to navigate a rapidly changing political landscape. The line between coercion and voluntarism was rarely clear, nor were the meanings of labor fixed for administrators, chiefs, or their constituents. These local actors created the circumstances for successive governments to frame unpaid labor as a legitimate demand on rural citizens.
CASTE DIFFERENTIALS IN DEATH CLUSTERING IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN INDIAN STATES
Authors: Ranjan Mukesh , Dwivedi Laxmi Kant , Mishra Rahul 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis study assessed caste differentials in family-level death clustering, linked survival prospects of siblings (scarring) and mother-level unobserved heterogeneity affecting infant mortality risk in the central and eastern Indian states of Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Chhattisgarh. Family-level infant death clustering was examined using bivariate analysis, and the linkages between the survival prospects of siblings and mother-specific unobserved heterogeneity were captured by applying a random effects logit model in the selected Indian states using micro-data from the National Family Health Survey-III (2005–06). The raw data clustering analysis showed the existence of clustering in all four states and among all caste groups with the highest clustering found in the Scheduled Castes of Jharkhand. The important factor from the model that increased the risk of infant deaths in all four states was the causal effect of a previous infant death on the risk of infant death of the subsequent sibling, after controlling for mother-level heterogeneity and unobserved factors. The results show that among the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, infant death clustering is mainly affected by the scarring factor in Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh, while mother-level unobserved factors were important in Odisha and both (scarring and mother-level unobserved factors) were key factors in Chhattisgarh. Similarly, the Other Caste Group was mainly influenced by the scarring factor only in Odisha, mother-level unobserved factors in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh and both (scarring and mother-level unobserved factors) in Madhya Pradesh. From a government policy perspective, these results would help in identifying high-risk clusters of women among all caste groups in the four central and eastern Indian states that should be targeted to address maternal and child health related indicators.
Did the ‘croaky voice’ public health campaign have any impact on the stage of laryngeal cancer at presentation in 84 cases from the Humber and Yorkshire Coast Cancer Network?
Authors: Mistry S G , Jose J , Allgar V 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground:A public health campaign on laryngeal cancer was conducted in 2011 in the Humber and Yorkshire Coast Cancer Network. This study evaluated its subsequent impact (if any) upon the stage of laryngeal cancer at presentation.Methods:Cases of laryngeal cancer diagnosed in the Humber and Yorkshire Coast Cancer Network from January 2009 to July 2014 were identified from cancer registries and were dichotomised into early (tumour stage T1–2) and late (T3–4) disease. Statistical analysis using segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series data was performed.Results:There were no statistically significant changes in laryngeal cancer cases immediately after the intervention for both early (p = 0.191) and late (p = 0.680) stage disease. There were also no significant changes to monthly detection rates in both groups on follow up.Conclusion:Findings of the first public health campaign on laryngeal cancer in the UK are described. Such processes are complex; the implications for future study are discussed.
Hyper-responsivity to losses in the anterior insula during economic choice scales with depression severity
Authors: Engelmann J. B. , Berns G. S. , Dunlop B. W. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundCommonly observed distortions in decision-making among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) may emerge from impaired reward processing and cognitive biases toward negative events. There is substantial theoretical support for the hypothesis that MDD patients overweight potential losses compared with gains, though the neurobiological underpinnings of this bias are uncertain.MethodsTwenty-one unmedicated patients with MDD were compared with 25 healthy controls (HC) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) together with an economic decision-making task over mixed lotteries involving probabilistic gains and losses. Region-of-interest analyses evaluated neural signatures of gain and loss coding within a core network of brain areas known to be involved in valuation (anterior insula, caudate nucleus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex).ResultsUsable fMRI data were available for 19 MDD and 23 HC subjects. Anterior insula signal showed negative coding of losses (gain > loss) in HC subjects consistent with previous findings, whereas MDD subjects demonstrated significant reversals in these associations (loss > gain). Moreover, depression severity further enhanced the positive coding of losses in anterior insula, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and caudate nucleus. The hyper-responsivity to losses displayed by the anterior insula of MDD patients was paralleled by a reduced influence of gain, but not loss, stake size on choice latencies.ConclusionsPatients with MDD demonstrate a significant shift from negative to positive coding of losses in the anterior insula, revealing the importance of this structure in value-based decision-making in the context of emotional disturbances.
SOCIETAL PERSPECTIVE ON COST DRIVERS FOR HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN SINDH, PAKISTAN
Authors: Khowaja Asif Raza , Mitton Craig , Qureshi Rahat , Bryan Stirling , Magee Laura A. , von Dadelszen Peter , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. 
Published: June 2017

Background: Understanding cost-drivers and estimating societal costs are important challenges for economic evaluation of health technologies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study assessed community experiences of health resource usage and perceived cost-drivers from a societal perspective to inform the design of an economic model for the Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) trials.Methods: Qualitative research was undertaken alongside the CLIP trial in two districts of Sindh province, Pakistan. Nine focus groups were conducted with a wide range of stakeholders, including pregnant women, mothers-in-law, husbands, fathers-in-law, healthcare providers at community and health facility-levels, and health decision/policy makers at district-level. The societal perspective included out-of-pocket (OOP), health system, and program implementation costs related to CLIP. Thematic analysis was performed using NVivo software.Results: Most pregnant women and male decision makers reported a large burden of OOP costs for in- and out-patient care, informal care from traditional healers, self-medication, childbirth, newborn care, transport to health facility, and missed wages by caretakers. Many healthcare providers identified health system costs associated with human resources for hypertension risk assessment, transport, and communication about patient referrals. Health decision/policy makers recognized program implementation costs (such as the mobile health infrastructure, staff training, and monitoring/supervision) as major investments for the health system.Conclusions: Our investigation of care-seeking practices revealed financial implications for families of pregnant women, and program implementation costs for the health system. The societal perspective provided comprehensive knowledge of cost drivers to guide an economic appraisal of the CLIP trial in Sindh, Pakistan.