bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy function and its relationship to pathology, clinical applications, drug metabolism and toxicity
Authors: Petibone Dayton M. , Majeed Waqar , Casciano Daniel A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAutophagy is a cellular process that facilitates nutrient turnover and removal of expended macromolecules and organelles to maintain homeostasis. The recycling of cytosolic macromolecules and damaged organelles by autophagosomes occurs through the lysosomal degradation pathway. Autophagy can also be upregulated as a prosurvival pathway in response to stress stimuli such as starvation, hypoxia or cell damage. Over the last two decades, there has been a surge in research revealing the basic molecular mechanisms of autophagy in mammalian cells. A corollary of an advanced understanding of autophagy has been a concurrent expansion of research into understanding autophagic function and dysfunction in pathology. Recent studies have revealed a pivotal role for autophagy in drug toxicity, and for utilizing autophagic components as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in treating disease and cancer. In this review, advances in understanding the molecular basis of mammalian autophagy, methods used to induce and evaluate autophagy, and the diverse interactions between autophagy and drug toxicity, disease progression and carcinogenesis are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triggering of apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells by graphene/single‐walled carbon nanotube hybrids via the ROS‐mediated mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Yan Xinxin , Yang Wen , Shao Zengwu , Yang Shuhua , Liu Xianzhe 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCarbon nanomaterials are increasingly significant in the biological and medical fields, especially becoming promising candidates in treating difficult and complicated disease. Graphene/single‐walled carbon nanotubes (G/SWCNT) hybrids is 3D structure which has been constructed by combining 1D single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and 2D graphene. However, the effects of the nanomaterial on biological systems are limited. In this study, we report a systematic investigation of the cytotoxicity and in vivo biodistribution of G/SWCNT hybrids on osteosarcoma cells (HOS and U2OS). The CCK‐8, neutral red, and lactic dehydrogenase assays demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of G/SWCNT hybrids exhibits a dose‐dependent behavior on osteosarcoma cells. In our conditions, the hybrids were less cytotoxic than graphene and single‐walled carbon nanotubes. The results also showed the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells induced by G/SWCNT hybrids was through the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species, the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, the alternation of apoptosis‐related proteins, and then triggered the ROS‐mediated mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, the in vivo biodistribution of G/SWCNT hybrids was observed by histological analysis of major organs in mice, and showed that organs were neither damaged nor inflammatory. This study demonstrated that G/SWCNT hybrids could serve as a potential platform in anticancer therapy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 443–453, 2017.
Mixture of PLA–PEG and biotinylated albumin enables immobilization of avidins on electrospun fibers
Authors: Kumar Manish , Rahikainen Rolle , Unruh Daniel , Hytönen Vesa P. , Delbrück Cesare , Sindelar Ralf , Renz Franz 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe application of nanotechnology in biomedical field has enormous potential in basic and applied research. Micro or nanofibers produced by electrospinning technique offer excellent properties because of large specific surface area, high porosity, and ability to incorporate functional additives. Here we embedded biotinylated bovine serum albumin into polylactic acid (PLA)–polyethylene glycol (PEG) fibers, which enabled specific immobilization of fluorescently labelled avidin. An alkaline phosphatase enzyme was immobilized via biotin‐streptavidin interaction on the hybrid nanofibers, demonstrating the suitability of the material for biosensing applications. These functional nanofibers provide a promising platform for development of biosensors and other biofunctional materials utilizing avidin–biotin as a generic and robust immobilization method. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 356–362, 2017.
Proteomic Profiling Reveals the Induction of UPR in Addition to DNA Damage Response in HeLa Cells Treated With the Thiazolo[5,4‐b]Quinoline Derivative D3ClP
Authors: Páez‐Franco José Carlos , González‐Sánchez Ignacio , Gutiérrez‐Nájera Nora A. , Valencia‐Turcotte Lilián G. , Lira‐Rocha Alfonso , Cerbón Marco A. , Rodríguez‐Sotres Rogelio 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT9‐[(3‐chloro)phenylamine]‐2‐[3‐(diethylamine)propylamine]thiazolo[5,4‐b]quinolone (D3ClP) is a bioisostere of N‐(4‐(acridin‐9‐ylamino)‐3‐methoxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide (m‐AMSA) a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor with proven cytotoxic activity and known to induce DNA damage and apoptotic cell death in K562 cells. However, recent evidence is not consistent with DNA topoisomerase II (DNA TOP2) as the primary target of D3ClP, in contrast to m‐AMSA. We provide evidence of histone γH2AX phosphorylation at Ser135 in HeLa cells treated with D3ClP, a marker of DNA double strand repair through Mre11‐Rad50‐Nbs1 (MRN) pathway. Using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, the upregulation of the protein GRP78, the cleavage of Cytokeratin 18, and the downregulation of prothymosine, calumenin, and the α chain of the nascent polypeptide associated complex were observed in HeLa cells treated with D3ClP. An increase in GRP78 has been related with the onset and progression of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a process aimed to reduce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and protein misfolding. The IRE1‐α dependent splicing of mRNA encoding X‐box binding protein 1 was detected. Microtubule‐associated Proteins 1A/1B, Light Chain 3‐II (LC3b‐II) accumulation was observed, and suggest some involvement of autophagy. The production of the pro‐apoptotic protein DNA‐damage‐inducible protein 153 (GADD‐153) was also detected. These results, are consistent with the induction of the UPR and the DNA‐Damage Response in D3ClP‐treated HeLa cells, and are also consistent with a concurrent apoptotic cell death. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1164–1173, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Response of carboxylate metabolism to zinc deficiency in Lactuca sativa and Brassica oleracea plants
Authors: Navarro‐León Eloy , Albacete Alfonso , Romero Luis , Blasco Begoña , Ruiz Juan M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSpecies or genotypes differ in their zinc use efficiency (ZnUE) under low Zn availability in the soil. Organic acids (OAs) synthetized by plant carboxylate metabolism may play a role in Zn‐deficiency tolerance. The main objective of the present work was to assess the response of two species of great agronomic interest such as Lactuca sativa and Brassica oleracea to Zn deficiency focusing on OAs and carboxylate metabolism. For this, L. sativa and B. oleracea plants were grown in hydroponic culture with two different Zn‐application rates: 10 µM Zn as control and 0.1 µM Zn as deficiency treatment. ZnUE parameters, concentrations of OAs and enzymes of carboxylate metabolism were analyzed. L. sativa showed better Zn uptake efficiency (ZnUpE), while B. oleracea demonstrated better Zn utilization efficiency (ZnUtE). In L. sativa, citrate and oxaloacetate concentrations and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and citrate synthase activities increased, while fumarase and malate dehydrogenase activities declined. In B. oleracea no significant response was found in concentrations of carboxylate metabolism or enzyme activity except for a decrease in fumarase activity. These results suggest that a possible factor that induces the tricarboxylic acid cycle could be the low ZnUtE rather than the low Zn concentration under Zn‐deficiency conditions. In L. sativa citrate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and citrate synthase may play a key role to face Zn deficiency, while in B. oleracea the higher ZnUtE cannot be explained in terms of a rise in OAs synthesis.
Targeting of sebaceous glands to treat acne by micro‐insulated needles with radio frequency in a rabbit ear model
Authors: Kwon Tae‐Rin , Choi Eun Ja , Oh Chang Taek , Bak Dong‐Ho , Im Song‐I , Ko Eun Jung , Hong Hyuck Ki , Choi Yeon Shik , Seok Joon , Choi Sun Young , Ahn Gun Young , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: September 2016

Background and ObjectivesMany studies have investigated the application of micro‐insulated needles with radio frequency (RF) to treat acne in humans; however, the use of a micro‐insulated needle RF applicator has not yet been studied in an animal model. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a micro‐insulated needle RF applicator in a rabbit ear acne (REA) model.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn this study, we investigated the effect of selectively destroying the sebaceous glands using a micro‐insulated needle RF applicator on the formation of comedones induced by application of 50% oleic acid and intradermal injection ofP. acnesin the orifices of the external auditory canals of rabbits. The effects of the micro‐insulated needle RF applicator treatment were evaluated using regular digital photography in addition to 3D Primos imaging evaluation, Skin Visio Meter microscopic photography, and histologic analyses.ResultsUse of the micro‐insulated needle RF applicator resulted in successful selective destruction of the sebaceous glands and attenuated TNF‐alpha release in an REA model. The mechanisms by which micro‐insulated needles with RF using 1 MHz exerts its effects may involve inhibition of comedone formation, triggering of the wound healing process, and destruction of the sebaceous glands and papules.ConclusionThe use of micro‐insulated needles with RF applicators provides a safe and effective method for improving the appearance of symptoms in an REA model. The currentin vivostudy confirms that the micro‐insulated needle RF applicator is selectively destroying the sebaceous glands. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:395–401, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nano‐Bio Engineered Carbon Dot‐Peptide Functionalized Water Dispersible Hyperbranched Polyurethane for Bone Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Gogoi Satyabrat , Maji Somnath , Mishra Debasish , Devi K. Sanjana P. , Maiti Tapas Kumar , Karak Niranjan 
Published: September 2016

The present study delves into a combined bio‐nano‐macromolecular approach for bone tissue engineering. This approach relies on the properties of an ideal scaffold material imbued with all the chemical premises required for fostering cellular growth and differentiation. A tannic acid based water dispersible hyperbranched polyurethane is fabricated with bio‐nanohybrids of carbon dot and four different peptides (viz. SVVYGLR, PRGDSGYRGDS, IPP, and CGGKVGKACCVPTKLSPISVLYK) to impart target specific in vivo bone healing ability. This polymeric bio‐nanocomposite is blended with 10 wt% of gelatin and examined as a non‐invasive delivery vehicle. In vitro assessment of the developed polymeric system reveals good osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Aided by this panel of peptides, the polymeric bio‐nanocomposite exhibits in vivo ectopic bone formation ability. The study on in vivo mineralization and vascularization reveals the occurrence of calcification and blood vessel formation. Thus, the study demonstrates carbon dot/peptide functionalized hyperbranched polyurethane gel for bone tissue engineering application.image
Additive Manufacturing of Poly(propylene) by Means of Melt Extrusion
Authors: Hertle Sebastian , Drexler Maximilian , Drummer Dietmar 
Published: September 2016

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes can provide great input for solving recently encountered challenges of the global market such as mass customization, highly dynamic environments, and the decrease of time needed from a draft to final products. This study aims at contributing to the issue of material limitations typically present in AM by researching possibilities of directly using technically relevant and commercially available polymer granules in melt extrusion processes. In order to extend the knowledge on the processing of semicrystalline polymers in melt extrusion based processes, different temperature induced influences on mechanical and morphological properties are investigated for poly(propylene). Mechanical tests are conducted to evaluate the effects and interdependencies of substrate, extrusion, and cooling temperature. Finally, based on the identified mechanical and rheological behavior of the material, a process window for the used materials is suggested.image
Covalent Bonding of an Electroconductive Hydrogel to Gold‐Coated Titanium Surfaces via Thiol‐ene Click Chemistry
Authors: Tan Guoxin , Liu Yan , Zhou Lei , Ouyang Kongyou , Wang Zhengao , Yu Peng , Ning Chengyun 
Published: September 2016

In the present study, the covalent bonding of electroconductive cross‐linked hydrogel networks with both electro‐properties and hydrogel characteristics to titanium surfaces via a UV‐initiated radical thiol‐ene click reaction is investigated. The electroconductive hydrogel layers are formed by the electropolymerization of pyrrole within the titanium implant‐supported gelatin methacrylate hydrogel. Characterization of the surface morphology of the layers reveals a unique rough macroporous structure. The hydrogel coating layer on the titanium surfaces possesses the desired characteristics of high electrochemical activity and high mechanical stability due to the effects of the chemical functionalization. Bone mesenchymal stem cells cultured on the hydrogel substrates exhibit high cell viability. This study is the first to demonstrate the potential of an electroconductive hydrogel as a surface coating on titanium implants for cell growth and provides a foundation for the development of new implantable bioelectronic devices.image
Changes in HbA1c and circulating and adipose tissue androgen levels in overweight‐obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome in response to electroacupuncture
Authors: Stener‐Victorin E. , Maliqueo M. , Soligo M. , Protto V. , Manni L. , Jerlhag E. , Kokosar M. , Sazonova A. , Behre C. J. , Lind M. , Ohlsson C. , Højlund K. , Benrick A. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryAimInsulin sensitivity is ~40% lower in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) than in controls. We tested the hypothesis that 5 weeks of electroacupuncture treatment improves glucose regulation and androgen levels in overweight/obese women with PCOS.Material and MethodsSeventeen women with PCOS, aged 18 to 38 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 and diagnosed with PCOS were included in this experimental and feasibility study and subjected to five weeks of electroacupuncture treatments three times/week. The primary outcome was changes in whole‐body glucose homeostasis measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp before and after the intervention. Secondary outcome were changes in HbA1c, circulating catecholamines, adipocyte size and adipose tissue expression of sex steroids and nerve growth factor (NGF).ResultsNo significant change in glucose homeostasis was observed, but HbA1c decreased by 9.5% (p = 0.004), circulating testosterone decreased by 22% (p = 0.0007) and dihydrotestosterone decreased by 12% (p = 0.007). The two vagal activity markers of plasma serotonin levels and the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid decreased by 21% (p = 0.027) and 20% (p = 0.011), respectively. Adipose tissue concentrations of testosterone decreased by 18% (p = 0.049), and androstenedione decreased by 13% (p = 0.035), and mature NGF/proNGF ratio, a marker of sympathetic activity, increased (p = 0.04). These changes occurred without changes in anthropometrics.ConclusionFive weeks of electroacupuncture treatment improves HbA1c and circulating and adipose tissue androgens in women with PCOS. This effect is mediated, at least in part, via modulation of vagal activity and adipose tissue sympathetic activity. Based on these findings, we have recently initiated a randomized controlled study (NTC02647827).
Maternal obesity and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring
Authors: Edlow Andrea G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThere is a growing body of evidence from both human epidemiologic and animal studies that prenatal and lactational exposure to maternal obesity and high‐fat diet are associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring. These disorders include cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, anxiety and depression, schizophrenia, and eating disorders. This review synthesizes human and animal data linking maternal obesity and high‐fat diet consumption to abnormal fetal brain development and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric morbidity in offspring. In addition, it highlights key mechanisms by which maternal obesity and maternal diet might impact fetal and offspring neurodevelopment, including neuroinflammation; increased oxidative stress, dysregulated insulin, glucose, and leptin signaling; dysregulated serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling; and perturbations in synaptic plasticity. Finally, the review summarizes available evidence regarding investigational therapeutic approaches to mitigate the harmful effects of maternal obesity on fetal and offspring neurodevelopment. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thaw Subsidence in Undisturbed Tundra Landscapes, Barrow, Alaska, 1962–2015
Authors: Streletskiy Dmitry A. , Shiklomanov Nikolay I. , Little Jonathon D. , Nelson Frederick E. , Brown Jerry , Nyland Kelsey E. , Klene Anna E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn some regions underlain by ice‐rich permafrost, a consistent, long‐term increase in ALT under changing climatic conditions is not supported by observations. The apparent lack of ALT may be attributed to soil consolidation from thawing of the uppermost ice‐rich permafrost and subsidence of the ground surface. Four plots established in 1962 at Barrow, Alaska, were re‐instrumented in 2003 and surveyed annually using differential GPS technology, accompanied by active‐layer probing. Elevation change from 1962 to 2003 was within the interannual variability of the 2003–15 period, indicating net stability in the area. Over the 2003–15 period, however, all four plots experienced subsidence trends of 0.4–1.0 cm/year, resulting in a net elevation change of 8–15 cm. Warmer winters and increased snow depth during this period decreased the potential for frost heave. Warmer summers resulted in thaw penetration into the ice‐rich transient layer and ice wedges, leading to the net subsidence in recent years. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD163 levels, pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine secretion of monocytes in children with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Aktas Cetin Esin , Pur Ozyigit Leyla , Gelmez Yusuf Metin , Cakir Erkan , Gedik Ahmet Hakan , Deniz Gunnur 
Published: September 2016

SummaryObjectivesChildhood tuberculosis (TB) comprises an important part of the world's TB burden. Monocytes set up the early phase of infection because of innate immune responses. Understanding the changes in monocyte subsets during multisystem infectious diseases may be important for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the monocyte phenotype together with the cytokine secretion profiles of children with pulmonary tuberculosis.Study DesignThirteen patients with pulmonary TB were enrolled as study group, and 14 healthy subjects as control group. Surface expressions of CD16, CD14, CD62L, CD163, CCR2, and HLA‐DR of monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The presence of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐23, and soluble form of CD163 (sCD163) in the antigen‐ and LPS‐stimulated whole blood culture supernatants were detected using ELISA and Luminex.ResultsHigher percentages of CD14++CD16+ and CD14+CD16++ monocyte subsets, and CCR2, CD62L and CD163 expression on circulating monocytes in children with pulmonary tuberculosis were obtained. Diminished levels of ESAT‐6/CFP‐10‐induced IL‐10 and increased levels of TB‐antigen and LPS‐stimulated sCD163 were found in childhood with pulmonary TB.ConclusionsHigh expression of CD14++CD16+, CD14+CD16++, CD14+CCR2+, and CD14+CD62L+ cells in childhood TB, and monocyte‐derived cytokines reflected both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory profiles. Higher sCD163 and CD14+CD163+ monocytes might help physicians in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary TB in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:675–683. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intraprostatic Reflux of Urine Induces Inflammation in a Rat
Authors: Funahashi Yasuhito , Majima Tsuyoshi , Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Yamamoto Tokunori , Yoshida Masaki , Gotoh Momokazu 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDWe examined whether urine reflux into the prostate can induce prostatic inflammation in a rat and evaluated the effect of α1‐adrenoreceptor antagonist.METHODSExperiment 1: Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were injected with 500 µl of Evans Blue through the urethral orifice. Intravesical pressure was measured, and the prostate was excised to evaluate urine reflux. Experiment 2: Rats were injected with 500 µl urine or saline (control) from the urethral orifice. Silodosin (200 µg/kg/day) was administered to the silodosin group. We evaluated histopathology, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers of the prostate on day 7, after assessing the prostatic microcirculation and cystometrogram.RESULTSExperiment 1: The histopathology showed that Evans Blue instilled through the urethral orifice entered the prostatic ducts. Intravesical pressure during Evans Blue instillation was 47.7 ± 1.6 cmH2O (mean ± standard error). Experiment 2: On day 7 after urine instillation through the urethral orifice, histopathology showed infiltrated inflammatory cells in the peri‐glandular stroma. Inflammation‐associated proteins (IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNFα) were upregulated in the urine‐instilled rats but not in the silodosin group. Erythrocyte speed on the prostatic surface, immunostaining for hypoxyprobe, and quantification of oxidative stress markers (MDA and HIF‐1α) demonstrated prostatic hypoxia in the urine‐instilled rats, which was ameliorated in the silodosin group. Cystometrogram revealed a shorter intercontraction interval in the urine‐instilled rats, which was prolonged in the silodosin group.CONCLUSIONSUrine reflux into the prostatic duct induces abacterial prostatitis. Silodosin relieved prostatic inflammation and bladder overactivity by increasing microcirculation in the prostate. Prostate 77:164–172, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.