bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Three Different Muscle Action Training Protocols on Knee Strength Ratios and Performance
Authors: Ruas Cassio V. , Brown Lee E. , Lima Camila D. , Costa Pablo B. , Pinto Ronei S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Ruas, CV, Brown, LE, Lima, CD, Costa, PB, and Pinto, RS. Effect of three different muscle action training protocols on knee strength ratios and performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2154–2165, 2018—Hamstring to quadriceps (H:Q) ratios are often used to assess strength imbalances. The aims of this study were to compare 3 different muscle action training protocols on H:Q strength balance and functional performance. Forty untrained men (age: 22.87 ± 2.28 years, mass: 70.66 ± 11.049 kg, ht: 174.29 ± 6.90 cm) performed 6 weeks of training on an isokinetic dynamometer. They were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups; concentric quadriceps and concentric hamstring (CON/CON), eccentric quadriceps and eccentric hamstring (ECC/ECC), concentric quadriceps and eccentric hamstring (CON/ECC), or no training. Mixed Factor analyses of variance were used to compare interactions for variables pretest and posttest between groups (p ≤ 0.05). The ECC/ECC group showed significant increases in H:Q functional ratio (pre = 0.73 ± 0.092, post = 0.87 ± 0.098), ECC peak torque (PT) (pre = 226.44 ± 67.80 N·m, post = 331.74 ± 54.44 N·m), isometric PT (IPT) (pre = 173.69 ± 41.41 N·m, post = 203.091 ± 30.82 N·m), countermovement jump (CMJ) (pre = 52.73 ± 6.95 cm, post = 58.16 ± 6.10 cm), and drop jump (DJ) (pre = 52.91 ± 6.080 cm, post = 58.20 ± 7.72 cm), whereas the CON/CON group increased the rate of torque development (pre = 152.19 ± 65.0074 N·m·s−1, post = 225.26 ± 88.80 N·m·s−1). There were no differences between groups for CON PT, squat jump, conventional ratio or 40 m sprint. Our findings suggest that ECC/ECC training may be the most effective at increasing functional H:Q strength ratios, as well as ECC PT, IPT, CMJ, and DJ performance. Eccentric training increases ECC PT, thereby increasing the functional H:Q ratio. Eccentric training also improves vertical jumping involving ECC actions. CON/CON training may be more effective at increasing explosive muscle strength.
Geografske osnove suvremenog razvoja otoka Ploče (Drvenika Malog)
Authors: Magaš Damir , Faričić Josip 
Published: July 2017

Ploča Island, as it is called by its inhabitants and the inhabitants of the local area, or Drvenik Mali, as it is usually called in official records and on the maps (3.43 sq. km, 54 inhabitants in 2001) is a part of Trogir Islands in central Dalmatian archipelago. It is located near Drvenik (Veli) Island and the adjacent islets and rocks, and together they make a specific insular area with certain problems concerning spatial development and survival both in the past and in modern times, at the dawn of the 21st century. Within the project titled Geographical Bases of the Development of Small Croatian Islands we did a field research in 2003 and analyzed different data sources in order to investigate the basic natural-geographic features of the island, particularly for the purpose of its modern and future socio-economic development. In order to realize and define the modern valorization of the island, we took particular interest in geographic position, geomorphologic, vegetational and hydrographic features, as well as in demographic and economic structures.
Održivo upravljanje okolišem u marinskim područjima: primjer Crnog mora
Authors: Koulov Boian 
Published: July 2017

Direktiva marinske strategije Europske unije (2008/56/EC) predlaže četiri marinska područja kao političko geografski okvir za primjenu politike o zaštiti okoliša u Europskoj uniji. Ovaj rad kritički analizira pristup koji se temelji na državnim granicama, a kojim se Direktiva koristi za određivanje granica regija. Autor također smatra da održivost okoliša u marinskim područjima uvelike ovisi o geografskom podudaranju između pojedinih sljevova i granicama njihovih sustava upravljanja okolišem, tj. okolišem u marinskim područjima treba upravljati unutar njihovih sljevova. Predloženi pristup koji se temelji na granicama sljevova također u obzir uzima sve elemente marinskih sustava (voda, zemlja i zrak), koji su conditio sine qua non za integralno i održivo upravljanje. Crno more je dobar primjer u kojem sustav upravljanja okolišem koji je određen granicama slijeva uključuje puno veći broj zemalja dionika te omogućuje višu razinu suradnje među zemljama vezano uz upravljanje okolišem.
Stanje okoliša slovenskog dijela Jadranskog mora
Authors: Brečko Grubar Valentina 
Published: July 2017

Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea is its most northern part which occupies approximately 200 km2 and is a part of the wider Gulf of Trieste. Slovenian coast consists of 47 kilometers of mostly steep, abrasive marl and sandstone coast. Low accumulation coast is located only at the mouths of the watercourses and represents but a smaller portion, whereas the smallest part is occupied by the limestone abrasion coast. Mainland coastal region is mostly hillside and has a very diverse relief, while plains, in smaller numbers, are located only in the lower parts of the river valleys. Slovenian sea indents the mainland by two larger gulfs: the Gulf of Koper and of Piran and is predominately very shallow. The average depth is around 18 m and the largest depth is 38 m at the Madona cape near Piran. Sea bottom is mostly covered by the thick layer of sediments deposited after the abrasion of the steep cliff coast and by the accumulation of the river alluvium. Due to its shallowness the sea is exposed to high temperature fluctuations and due to the fresh water influx also to the changes of its salinity.The circulation of the sea water is mainly induced by the tide and wind activities, mostly the Bora (strong north-easterly wind) which significantly influences the vertical circulation of the water. Water current is weak and unstable. There is a large influx of nutrients into the Slovenian sea, resulting from the soil erosion, surface water influx, watercourses and direct emissions of waste waters into the sea. The consequence of the mentioned sea characteristics is a great landscape sensitivity of the coastal sea ecosystem. During summer the sea warms intensely and when accompanied by the weak water circulation, we are often witnessing the lack of oxygen in the deeper layers of the water, intensive algae growth and sea blooming, which points to exceeded self-cleaning (assimilation) capacities of the marine ecosystem.The major polluters are the coastal towns of: Koper, Izola, Piran and Portorož, nautical tourism with marines, naval traffic and the port activity of the Luka Koper. The pressures on the marine ecosystem due to the human activities are still increasing, both on the mainland and in the sea, despite some measures to reduce the pollution. According to the assessment of the Mediterranean action plan (UNEP-MAP), Slovenian coastal sea is, due to its oceanographic characteristics and the economic activities influence, ranked among the most sensitive and endangered parts of the Mediterranean. Environmental state of the Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea will try to be presented through the DPSIR model or the amended Integral Model of Geographical Study of the Environment and its Components.
Lack of association between cytomegalovirus infection and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a case-control study in Durango, Mexico
Authors: Alvarado-Esquivel Cosme , Sandoval-Carrillo Ada A. , Vazquez-Alaniz Fernando , Salas-Pacheco José M. , Hernández-Tinoco Jesús , Sánchez-Anguiano Luis Francisco , Antuna-Salcido Elizabeth Irasema 
Published: July 2017

It is not clear whether infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnant women. Through a case-control study design, 146 women suffering from hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (cases) and 146 age-matched normotensive pregnant women (controls) were examined for the presence of anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibodies with enzyme-linked immunoassays. IgM seropositive samples were further assayed by enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA).
Anti-CMV IgG antibodies were found in 138 (94.5%) controls and in 136 (93.2%) cases (odds ratio [OR] = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30–2.05; P = 0.62). High (>18 IU/ml) levels of anti-CMV IgG antibodies were found in 37.7% of the 138 seropositive controls and in 34.6% of the 136 seropositive cases (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.53–1.43; P = 0.59). Anti-CMV IgM antibodies were found in 1 (0.7%) of the controls but in none of the cases using ELFA (P = 1.0). Seropositivity to CMV was not associated with a previous preeclampsia and was similar among cases regardless their mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and mean arterial blood pressure.
No serological evidence of an association between CMV infection and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was found. Further research to elucidate the role of CMV in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy should be conducted.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Maleat Anhidrida terhadap Mutu Papan Partikel yang Dibuat dari Limbah Padat Gracilaria sp. dan Polietilen sebagai Perekat
Authors: Fithriani Diini , Basmal Jamal , Utomo Bagus Sediadi Bandol 
Published: July 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh maleat anhidrida terhadap mutu papan partikel yang dibuat dari limbah padat hasil pengolahan Gracilaria sp. Dan polietilen. Pada penelitian ini limbah padat hasil pengolahan Gracilaria sp.dicampur secara homogen pada suhu ruang dengan bahan perekat polietilen dengan perbandingan berat 1:1, dan ditambahkan maleat anhidrida dengan konsentrasi 0,6, 9, dan 12% b/b. Pembuatan papan partikel dilakukan dengan teknik pengempaan panas pada cetakan 30 x 30 x 4 cm3. Pengempaan dilakukan pada tekanan 9 kg/cm2, suhu 150°C, dengan lama waktu pengempaan 7 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan maleat anhidrida sebagai compatibilizerpada pembuatan papan partikel dari limbah padatpengolahan Gracilaria sp. dan polietilen berpengaruh pada meningkatnya kadar air, daya serap air dan pengembangan tebal serta berpengaruh pada menurunnya modulus patah (MOR) dan modulus elastisitas papan. Pada penelitian ini pembuatan papan partikel dari limbah Gracilaria sp.dan polietilen dapat menghasilkan papan dengan sifat fisik dan mekanis yang s es uai s tandar J IS A5908 kecuali pada nilai modulus elastisitasnya.
Adipose-Derived Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins Plasma Concentrations Are Increased in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Guaita-Esteruelas Sandra , Saavedra-García Paula , Bosquet Alba , Borràs Joan , Girona Josefa , Amiliano Kepa , Rodríguez-Balada Marta , Heras Mercedes , Masana Luís , Gumà Josep 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundAdipose tissue is an endocrine organ that could play a role in tumor progression via its secreted adipokines. The role of adipose-derived fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) 4 and FABP5 in breast cancer is presently under study, but their circulating levels in this pathology are poorly known. We analyzed the blood concentrations of FABP4 and FABP5 in breast cancer patients to determine whether there is an association between them and breast cancer.Materials and MethodsWe studied 294 women in the oncology department with a family history of breast cancer; 198 of the women had breast cancer, and 96 were healthy controls. The levels of FABP4, FABP5, lipid profile, standard biochemical parameter, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were determined. We analyzed the association of FABP4 and FABP5 with breast cancer, while adjusting for demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters.ResultsBreast cancer patients had a 24.8% (p &lt; .0001) and 11.4% (p &lt; .05) higher blood concentration of FABP4 and FABP5, respectively. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 was positively associated with age, body mass index (BMI), FABP5, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc), non-high-density lipoprote in cholesterol (non-HDLc), Apolipoprotein B 100 (ApoB100), triglycerides, glycerol, glucose, and hsCRP (p &lt; .05), and was negatively associated with HDLc (p &lt; .005) in breast cancer patients. Fatty acid-binding protein 5 was positively associated with BMI, FABP4, VLDLc, triglycerides, glycerol, and hsCRP (p &lt; .05), and was negatively associated with HDLc and Apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) (p &lt; .05) in breast cancer patients. Using a logistic regression analysis and adjusting for age, BMI, hsCRP, non-HDLc, and triglycerides, FABP4 was independently associated with breast cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 1.091 [95% CI: 1.037–1.149]). Moreover, total cholesterol, VLDLc, non-HDLc, ApoB100, triglycerides, and hsCRP were significantly increased in breast cancer patients (p &lt; .005). In contrast, the non-esterified fatty acids concentrations were significantly decreased in breast cancer patients (p &lt; .05).ConclusionCirculating FABP4 and FABP5 levels were increased in breast cancer patients compared with controls. The positive association of FABP4 with breast cancer was maintained after adjusting for important covariates, while the association with FABP5 was lost. Our data reinforce the role of adipose tissue and their adipokines in breast cancer. Despite these data, further studies must be performed to better explain the prognosis or diagnostic value of these blood parameters and their possible role in breast cancer.
Feasibility and Efficacy of Microwave Ablation Combined with Iodine-125 Seed Implantation in Local Control of Recurrent Retroperitoneal Liposarcomas: Initial Clinical Experience
Authors: Lu Mingjian , Yao Wang , Zhang Tao , Fan Wenzhe , Zhong Zhihui , Li Jiaping , Zhang Fujun 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Introduction
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and short-term efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) combined with iodine-125 (125I) seed implantation in recurrent retroperitoneal liposarcomas (rRPLs).

Materials and Methods
From September 2012 to March 2015, 11 patients were enrolled in this prospective study. Eleven tumors (median, 9 cm; range, 5.5–12.5 cm) were treated with computerized tomography-guided MWA for 11 sessions and 125I seed implantation for 18 sessions. 125I seed implantation was performed 4 weeks after MWA.

Results
There were no procedure-related deaths. Post-MWA pain (grade ≥2) was the most common complication (6 of 11 patients, 54.5%), and fever (grade ≥2) was observed in two patients. Reversible nerve injury, defined as transient limb paresthesia or leg weakness, was observed in one patient. There were fewer complications associated with the 125I seed implantation procedure compared with the MWA procedure. All 11 patients who underwent the MWA procedure achieved a partial response (PR), according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, 1 month post-ablation; after 125I seed implantation was performed, a complete response was observed in three, five, and six target tumors in 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively.

Conclusion
In selected patients with rRPLs, MWA combined with 125I seed implantation is feasible and safe with favorable local control efficacy.
State duties of protection and fundamental rights
Authors: Starck Christian 
Published: July 2017

Duties of protection are duties of the state to protect certain legal interests of its citizens. They cover the interests of life, health, freedom and property and also protect some other interests and certain constitutionally recognised institutions. State duties of protection must be considered in connection with fundamental rights. The foundations of modern constitutionalism and attendant procedures are essential to develop guidelines for a constructive critique of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. This is done with reference to the recent history of France, Germany and England. The historical excursus reveals that a single theory underlies the variety of constitutional states. The development of the constitutional state gave rise to the significance of the preservation of freedom through the maintenance of law and the separation of powers. This has given rise to various legal devices, based also in part on experience with moderate rule and earlier theories of the imperium limitatum.
A textual analysis of the German Basic Law is undertaken to determine whether and how the duties of protection are expressly created. Furthermore, the duties that have been discovered in the Basic Law by the Federal Constitutional Court are considered. These duties include the protection of human life and health, personal freedom, the right to autonomous development of one's personality, freedom of science, research and teaching, marriage and the family, children, mothers, professional freedom, property and the protection of German nationals against foreign states. Finally the justification of such duties and the constitutional control of the manner of protection are considered.
In a final section a critique of relevant constitutional jurisprudence is undertaken. It is argued that claims to protection cannot be directly binding law. They presuppose legislation. If statutory protection is connected with infringements of third-party fundamental rights, the principle of proportionality can be adopted to test whether the protection is effective. Insofar as protection can be achieved without infringements of rights, one must attempt to test the effectiveness of protection by some other means. Where the legislature omits to protect at all, the court should limit itself to establishing the existence of a duty and to querying its non-fulfilment. The Court may not pass protective regulations or impose a duty to pass specific regulations. Where general statutory norms apply, protective duties can be realised through the socalled indirect third-party effect of fundamental rights. In its reaching its decision, the German Federal Constitutional Court is responsible for preserving the political discretion of the legislature in protecting interests and remembering the structural distinction between "hard" defensive rights and "soft" protective duties in order to prevent the erosion of the directly binding nature of defensive rights.
House of Traditional Leaders: Role, Problems and Future
Authors: Du Plessis Willemien , Scheepers T E 
Published: July 2017

A national House of Traditional Leaders and provincial Houses of Traditional Leaders have been established in terms of Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993. The role of Traditional leaders at provincial and national level in the National House of Traditional Leaders and the Provincial Houses of Traditional Leaders has not yet been clearly defined in South Africa.
The National and Provincial Houses of Traditional Leaders experience various problems that hamper their functioning. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the significant role of the National House of Traditional Leaders and the Provincial Houses of Traditional Leaders as Constitutional institutions at national and provincial levels and to make proposals regarding their future role and functioning.
It can be expected of Constitutional institutions to function properly and effectively.
That is, however, not the case with the National House and the various provincial Houses of Traditional Leaders. In the rural areas are the poorest of the poor. This is a result not only of the former apartheid policy but also of a lack of interest by former governments to invest in rural areas. Attention and investment were focused mostly on the development of urban areas. People in rural areas had no voice. It should be ensured that their comments on legislation are for example taken seriously and are not discarded as a mere formality.
The 1996 Constitution gives them this voice, but for the intended institutions to function properly, they must be effective.
In this article a brief overview of the recognition of traditional institutions in the 1993 and 1996 Constitutions is given, whereafter the National House and Provinical Houses of Traditional Leaders are discussed with regard to their composition, role and the problems they experience in order to make recommendations with regard to their problems and future role.
The significance of a philosophical approach in constitutional adjudication with reference to the Prince case
Authors: Eloff Zachi 
Published: July 2017

The entrenchment of a Bill of Rights in a supreme Constitution in South Africa means that constitutionalism will become central in a new emerging jurisprudence. The constitutional requirement that the courts promote “the values which underlie an open and democratic society based on freedom and equality2 implies that the interpretive task will be radically different from what it was under the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty. The duty imposed on the courts by section 39(1)(a) and 7(1) will compel them to make value choices and to make those values explicit through clear and transparent articulation.
Adjudicating socio-economic rights – transforming South African society: A response to Linda Jansen Van Rensburg’s paper
Authors: Ngwena Charles 
Published: July 2017

It is trite to say that the adjudication of socio-economic rights is a new enterprise in South African jurisprudence, as it is to the jurisprudence of many other jurisdictions. Professor van Rensburg’s paper seeks to analyse the influence of political, socio-economic and cultural considerations on the interpretation and application of socio-economic rights in the Bill of Rights. The pivots for discussion are the decisions of the Constitutional Court in the Soobramoney,1 Grootboom2 and Treatment Action Campaign3 cases which, thus far, are the only cases in which the Constitutional Court has substantively determined the nature and parameters of socio-economic rights and obligations under the South African Constitution. My response is somewhat deferential in that I largely concur with many of the observations that Professor van Rensburg makes. In some respects, however, I have attempted to bring into the analysis of Soobramoney, Grootboom and Treatment Action Campaign not so much new insights, but rather different emphases. Likewise, my response is constructed around the three cases. I begin with Soobramoney.