bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insegnare l’italiano nelle classi multilingue attraverso la matematica. Una riflessione sulla linea del tempo attraverso operazioni matematiche con studenti della scuola primaria
Authors: Brazzolotto Martina 
Published: July 2016

The latest research into the psychology of the mathematics learning demonstrates that everyone, independent of their culture and origin, possesses a representation of the numbers comparable to the number line (Dehaene, 1993). This article presents a pilot study that compares the data obtained in two language classes: one experimental, in which Italian verb tenses are explained through numbers and mathematical operations; and a control class, in which the same material is taught without the use of mathematics. The data demonstrates that the introduction of mathematics in Italian L2 instruction improves linguistic reflection and increases academic success. Also, since enjoyment is one of the pillars of motivation that supports language learning (Balboni, 2006), this article poses the hypothesis that the introduction of associations between numbers and linguistic reflection could be enjoyable and thus promote language learning in multilingual classrooms.
Assessment of the Affective Dimensions of Psychopathy with the Danish version of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits among Incarcerated Boys: A study of Reliability, Criterion Validity, and Construct Validity
Authors: Kongerslev Mickey T. , Bo Sune , Forth Adelle E. , Simonsen Erik 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background:
Callous-unemotional (CU) traits have been found to index an important subgroup of antisocial youth who are at high risk for developing psychopathic personality pathology, and for becoming severe and persistent offenders. On the basis of such research findings, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, have included a “with limited prosocial emotions” specifier in the diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder to designate a subtype with high levels of CU traits. This creates the need for psychometrically sound measures for the assessment of these traits. The self-report questionnaire Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) was designed to provide an efficient, reliable, and valid measure of CU traits among youth populations.

Method:
Eighty Danish adolescent boys between the ages of 15 to 18 years in secure institutions were assessed concurrently with the ICU, the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV), self-report measures of aggression and empathy, and ratings of psychosocial problems. Approximately nine days later, the ICU was readministered in a subset of the sample (n = 40) to examine test-retest reliability.

Results:
Internal consistency was satisfactory, and test-retest reliability was excellent. Concurrent validity associations with the PCL:YV ranged from moderate to high. The ICU displayed excellent discriminative validity for identifying persons who displayed high levels of psychopathic traits. CU traits were also found to be associated with psychosocial impairments, aggression, and reduced empathy.

Conclusions:
Overall, these findings support the reliability; construct validity, and criterion validity of the ICU.
Factors that Affect Adolescent Adherence to Mental Health and Psychiatric Treatment: a Systematic Integrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Timlin Ulla , Hakko Helinä , Heino Raija , Kyngäs Helvi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background:
Although adherence to somatic treatment has been studied extensively, adherence to mental health treatment has not. In this study, the term treatment adherence is used to refer to adherence to medication regimes and other non-pharmacological recommended treatments as part of mental health and psychiatric care. Knowledge of factors connected to adolescents’ adherence to such treatment is fairly fragmented. Although treatment staff members are broadly aware of the factors that influence adherence, it would be desirable to develop formalized treatment assessment and planning approaches that specifically take these factors into account.

Objective:
The purpose of this article is to review the available data related to factors that affect adolescents’ adherence to both medication and non-pharmacological treatments in mental health and psychiatric care.

Methods:
A systematic literature search that involved four databases was undertaken. A thematic analysis was conducted on 17 studies to extract relevant information.

Results:
It appears that an adolescent’s own positive beliefs toward his or her treatment are the main factor that improves his or her adherence to that treatment. Good cohesion with close supportive people appears to be positively related to adherence, whereas sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., race, gender) were not related.

Conclusions:
By identifying the factors related to the treatment adherence of adolescents, this review article can provide guidance to help improve the quality of care and thus further increase adolescents’ satisfaction with their mental health and psychiatric treatment.
Nonverbal Reasoning in Preschool Children: Investigating the Putative Risk of Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as a Mediator
Authors: De Alwis Duneesha , Tandon Mini , Tillman Rebecca , Luby Joan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background:
Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) has been found to be associated with cognitive deficits in children. However, relatively little is known about the relationship between SHS exposure, cognitive deficits, and smoking-related psychopathology, specifically attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and externalizing disorders such as conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in preschool children.

Methods:
Children (n = 54) between the ages of 4 and 6 years from a comprehensive, longitudinal study of preschool emotional development were included in this study. Each child’s primary caregiver completed questionnaires and interviews related to childhood psychopathology. SHS exposure was estimated with the use of saliva cotinine values.

Results:
After adjustment for sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, gender, an income-to-needs ratio) and for ADHD, CD, and ODD symptoms, exposure to SHS was found to be negatively associated with preschool children’s nonverbal reasoning skills. Exposure to SHS continued to be negatively associated with nonverbal reasoning skills after adjustment for maternal education, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and maternal reports of exposure to SHS during pregnancy in separate models.

Conclusions:
Children who grow up in an environment with adults who smoke are vulnerable to several social and environmental risk factors. The findings of this study suggest that exposure to SHS during early childhood should also be considered as a potential variable in the risk trajectory and as a marker of other associated risks when formulating public health intervention and prevention strategies.
Familiality of Quantitative Autism Traits
Authors: Jussila Katja , Lyall Kristen , Kuusikko-Gauffin Sanna , Mattila Marja-Leena , Pollock-Wurman Rachel , Hurtig Tuula , Joskitt Leena , Bloigu Risto , Ebeling Hanna , Moilanen Irma , Pauls David 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background:
Autistic traits exist along a continuum that extends into social functioning in the general population, and they aggregate in the family members of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Quantitative measures are therefore essential when investigating the patterns of familiality of these traits. Prior studies have suggested differential inheritance patterns of autistic traits that depend on the cognitive level of the child with ASD as well as the family type.

Objective:
Our goal was to examine the family patterns of quantitative autism traits (QAT) in a group of simplex autism families of high-functioning children with ASD.

Method:
We used the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) to evaluate QAT in 47 ASD families and 46 control families. SRS assessments (parental/spousal evaluations) were collected for the children with ASD, their siblings, and their parents as well as for the control children and their parents.

Results:
The SRS was able to distinguish individuals with ASD from the control children and from their unaffected siblings. Significant group differences were also found when comparing the fathers of ASD families to control fathers and when comparing the brothers of individuals with ASD to control boys, with male members of ASD families having higher SRS scores. Gender differences were observed in the group of siblings of children with ASD and the group of parents of children with ASD, with males having higher scores than females. In ASD families, a positive trend between child and father QAT was found, whereas mothers’ scores were not associated with child outcomes. By contrast, in control families, mothers’ QAT correlated more strongly with child QAT.

Conclusions:
Autistic traits aggregate in the fathers and brothers of children with ASD in simplex autism families. The QAT levels of the family members should be taken into consideration when planning the rehabilitation of the child or adolescent with ASD and when designing family interventions.
The Early Diagnosis of Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Norway: a Study of Diagnostic Age and Its Associated Factors
Authors: Larsen Kenneth 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The early identification of autism spectrum disorder is important to ensure access to early intervention. Much research has focused on the identification of early behavioral symptoms and screening. This study examines referral for diagnostic assessment, diagnostic age, and factors associated with diagnostic age for children with autism spectrum disorder. The results of this study indicate that children are referred and diagnosed later than they should be. Previous research has identified a valid time for the identification and diagnosis of this disorder as well as the diagnostic procedures and types of clinics that are associated with the appropriate diagnostic age.
"Mulheres Novas Com Cabeças Limpas": Pitfalls of the Revolution in Licínio Azevedo's <em>Virgem Margarida</em>
Authors: Tavares Maria 
Published: July 2016

This article offers a reading of Licínio de Azevedo's 2012 film Virgem Margarida, discussing it in relation to Frelimo's policy of forced re-education camps and their effects on marginalized women in 1980s Mozambique. It also discusses recent political instability in Mozambique and the gendered legacies of regional sentiments on Mozambican national identity.
An Industry without Industrialization: The Political Economy of The Failure of Indonesia’s Auto Industry
Authors: Tai Wan-Ping 
Published: July 2016

The development of auto industry needs a series of related policies and conditions, including market, technology, management, basic infrastructure, etc. Several Southeast Asian countries are hoping to develop their auto industries in order to lead the development of other industries in their countries. Having the largest auto market in Southeast Asia, Indonesia is supposed to have more favorable conditions than Thailand and Malaysia on the development of auto industry. Unlike Malaysia’s auto industry that has its own national brand, Indonesia does not have a national auto brand, nor like Thailand as the largest auto exporting country in Southeast Asia, a Japanese scholar even contends that Indonesia’s auto industry is “technology-less industrialization”. Based on the above analysis, the paper argues that the failure of Indonesia’s auto industry has to do with the structural factors in Indonesia’s political economy. This paper therefore will, by taking the perspective of political economy, explore the following four factors over the failure of Indonesia’s auto industry: (1) inappropriate state intervention, (2) distorted government-business relations, (3) failure to join international complementarities in the auto industry, and (4) ineffective management on globalization.
Caracterización de macroinvertebrados bentónicos de dos ramales estuarinos afectados por la actividad industrial, Estero Salado-Ecuador
Authors: Cárdenas Maritza , Mair James 
Published: July 2016

El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la composición, abundancia y diversidad de los macroinvertebrados en dos zonas afectadas por aguas residuales industriales y domésticas en dos ramales estuarinos en la ciudad de Guayaquil: Aventura Plaza y la Universidad de Guayaquil. Se realizaron tres muestreos por sitio, utilizando una draga Van Veen de 0,1 m durante la marea baja en septiembre de 2012. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las varianzas de la riqueza y abundancia de especies, registrándose la mayor abundancia en el ramal estuarino cercano a la Universidad de Guayaquil, donde el taxón más abundante fueron los oligoquetos y donde se presentó la más alta temperatura y mayor salinidad. Los sitios estudiados fueron muy pobres y poco diversos debido posiblemente a las emisiones de aguas residuales de uso doméstico e industrial que alteran parámetros claves para la supervivencia de especies estuarinas como la salinidad, la temperatura y el pH.
Variación espacio-temporal de microalgas acuáticas del embalse de Betania – Huila y su relación con la calidad del agua
Authors: Martínez-Silva Paula 
Published: July 2016

El embalse de Betania es uno de los cuerpos de agua lénticos más importantes de Colombia, no solo por su importancia como generador de energía eléctrica sino por su uso como fuente de productividad económica a través de la piscicultura. Durante más de un año, se realizaron muestreos combinados de fitoplancton en diez estaciones del embalse de Betania. Las muestras se llevaron a un análisis cualitativo-cuantitativo, con el fin de poder establecer mediante el uso de índices ecológicos (Shannon-Weiver, Índice de Equidad de Pielou, Whilm y Dorris), el nivel de contaminación del agua y determinar si existe alguna fluctuación de ésta, entre las diferentes estaciones a lo largo del año. Los resultados permitieron concluir que el embalse de Betania presenta niveles de eutrofización, que se ven reflejados en la composición de organismos planctónicos registrados en los puntos de muestreo. Este proceso se intensifica cuando disminuyen las lluvias y coincide con una mayor mortandad de los peces. Es importante tomar medidas de manejo apropiadas, si se pretende prolongar la vida útil de este cuerpo de agua.
Benign Vascular Malformation at the Ischial Tuberosity
Authors: Said Rami , Bevelaqua Anna-Christina 
Published: July 2016

A 31-year-old female student was referred to physical therapy with a chief complaint of proximal, posterior left thigh pain that began insidiously 12 months prior, and progressively worsened while training for a half-marathon. A mobile, soft mass was identified just inferior to the ischial tuberosity that was tender and painful to palpation, recreating the patient's chief complaint. Radiographic findings were negative for a suspected avulsion fracture at the ischial tuberosity. Therefore, the physician performed musculoskeletal ultrasonography, which revealed a superficial hypoechoic mass with vascular flow. Magnetic resonance imaging and a subsequent biopsy led to the diagnosis of a benign vascular malformation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(7):607. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0410
Scrub Typhus in Nepal
Authors: Nayak Niranjan 
Published: July 2016

Unfortunately, it is not feasible to prepare an effective vaccine against scrub typhus, because of the extreme antigenic variation seen amongst the strains of O tsutsugamushi. Immunity acquired naturally against one antigenic type may not be protective against another type which might be currently circulating in the locality. This complexity continues and the problem of making an effective vaccine against this disease still persists.
Age specific incidence of five major cancers in Nepal, 2012
Authors: Poudel Krishna Kanta , Huang Zhibi , Neupane Prakash Raj 
Published: July 2016

Background: Population based cancer registry is inevitable to measure the indicators of cancer. This retrospective study was conducted to perform the age specific incidence and age standardized rate of cancer by sex, age and sites in Nepal, 2012. Materials and Methods: The data collected by hospital based National cancer registry programme of Nepal were used to calculate the age specific incidence of five major cancers by sex and sites. The age standardized rate of ten major cancers, both in males and females of 2012 was also performed.Results: The 70-74 years age group had the highest incidence rate (188.08) for men while for women the age group of 65-69 years had the highest incidence (140.61) per 100,000. For male, lung cancer had the highest incidence rate (4.45) whereas bladder had the lowest rate (0.98). Similarly for female, Cervix Uteri cancer had the highest incidence rate (5.35) whereas stomach had the lowest (1.06).Conclusion: This study presented that cancer was increased with age both in males and females. The leading cancer in males was bronchus and lung while in females it was cervix uteri.
Technique and nuances of an S-2 alar iliac screw for lumbosacral fixation in patients with transitional and normal anatomy
Authors: Ohya Junichi , Vogel Todd D. , Dhall Sanjay S. , Berven Sigurd , Mummaneni Praveen V. 
Published: July 2016

S-2 alar iliac (S2AI) screw fixation has recently been recognized as a useful technique for pelvic fixation. The authors demonstrate two cases where S2AI fixation was indicated: one case was a sacral insufficiency fracture following a long-segment fusion in a patient with a transitional S-1 vertebra; the other case involved pseudarthrosis following lumbosacral fixation. S2AI screws offer rigid fixation, low profile, and allow easy connection to the lumbosacral rod. The authors describe and demonstrate the surgical technique and nuances for the S2AI screw in a case with transitional S-1 anatomy and in a case with normal S-1 anatomy.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/Sj21lk13_aw.
A prospective analysis of hypovitaminosis D and mortality in 400 patients in the neurocritical care setting
Authors: Guan Jian , Karsy Michael , Brock Andrea A. , Eli Ilyas M. , Ledyard Holly K. , Hawryluk Gregory W. J. , Park Min S. 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVEHypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent among the general population. Studies have shown an association between hypovitaminosis D and multiple negative outcomes in critical care patients, but there has been no prospective evaluation of vitamin D in the neurological critical care population. The authors examined the impact of vitamin D deficiency on in-hospital mortality and a variety of secondary outcomes.METHODSThe authors prospectively collected 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels of all patients admitted to the neurocritical care unit (NCCU) of a quaternary-care center over a 3-month period. Demographic data, illness acuity, in-hospital mortality, infection, and length of hospitalization were collected. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the effects of vitamin D deficiency.RESULTSFour hundred fifteen patients met the inclusion criteria. In-hospital mortality was slightly worse (9.3% vs 4.5%; p = 0.059) among patients with deficient vitamin D (≤ 20 ng/dl). There was also a higher rate of urinary tract infection in patients with vitamin D deficiency (12.4% vs 4.2%; p = 0.002). For patients admitted to the NCCU on an emergency basis (n = 285), higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (OR 13.8, 95% CI 1.7–110.8; p = 0.014), and vitamin D deficiency (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.0–8.6; p = 0.042) were significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality after adjusting for other factors.CONCLUSIONSIn the subset of patients admitted to the NCCU on an emergency basis, vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with higher in-hospital mortality. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and to investigate the role of vitamin D supplementation in these patients.
ActiGait implantable drop foot stimulator in multiple sclerosis: a new indication
Authors: Martin K. Daniel , Polanski Witold H. , Schulz Anne-Kathrin , Jöbges Michael , Ziemssen Tjalf , Schackert Gabriele , Pinzer Thomas , Sobottka Stephan B. 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVEDirect stimulation of the peroneal nerve by the ActiGait implantable drop foot stimulator is a potent therapy that was described previously for stroke-related drop foot. The authors report here successful long-term application of the ActiGait implantable drop foot stimulator in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).METHODSSix patients with MS and 2 years of persisting central leg paresis received an implantable ActiGait drop foot stimulator after successful surface test stimulation. Ten weeks and 1 year after surgery, their gait speed, endurance, and safety were evaluated. Patient satisfaction was assessed with a questionnaire.RESULTSIn the 20-m gait test, stimulation with the ActiGait stimulator significantly reduced the time needed, on average, by approximately 23.6% 10 weeks after surgery, and the time improved further by 36.3% after 1 year. The median distance covered by patients with the stimulator after 6 minutes of walking increased significantly from 217 m to 321 m and remained stable for 1 year; the distance covered by patients after surface stimulation was 264 m. Patients with an implanted ActiGait stimulator noticed pronounced improvement in their mobility, social participation, and quality of life.CONCLUSIONSThe ActiGait implantable drop foot stimulator improved gait speed, endurance, and quality of life in all patients over a period of 1 year. It may serve as a new therapeutic option for patients with MS-related drop foot.
Delivery of neoadjuvant chemoradiation for patients with stage II and III rectal cancer is suboptimal
Authors: Barton Mary Kay 
Published: July 2016

Key Points

The use of guideline‐recommended therapy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery for patients with rectal cancer has increased over the past decade, but nevertheless only 55% of patients received such treatment.
Being of nonwhite race or Hispanic ethnicity, lacking private insurance, and living in an area with low aggregate educational levels were associated with a lower probability of receiving trimodality therapy.
Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir for HCV Infection in Patients Coinfected with HBV
Authors: Gane Edward J , Hyland Robert H , An Di , Svarovskaia Evguenia S , Brainard Diana , McHutchison John G 
Published: July 2016

Background Currently there are no all-oral treatment regimens for HCV in patients coinfected with HBV. In this pilot study, we evaluated whether ledipasvir and sofosbuvir therapy can suppress HCV infection in patients coinfected with HBV. Methods Patients with HBV and genotype-1 HCV received 90 mg ledipasvir and 400 mg sofosbuvir daily for 12 weeks. The efficacy end point was sustained virological response (HCV RNA <15 IU/ml) 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Results Of the eight patients enrolled, six (75%) were male, five (63%) were Polynesian, seven (88%) had the CC IL28B genotype and two (25%) had cirrhosis. All eight patients (100%; 95% CI 63%, 100%) reached the primary end point of HCV RNA <15 IU/ml 12 weeks after treatment. In seven of eight patients (88%), serum HBV DNA levels increased during treatment, but none of the increases were greater than 20,000 IU/ml, and none were associated with clinical HBV fares or required treatment. The most common adverse events were viral infection (63%), fatigue (25%) and upper respiratory tract infection (25%). No patients had serious adverse events and none discontinued treatment for any reason. Conclusions In this small sample, 12 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir was a safe and effective treatment for geno-type-1 HCV infection in patients coinfected with HBV. Larger studies with longer follow-up are warranted.