bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different clinical prognostic factors are associated with improved glycaemic control: findings from MARCH randomized trial
Authors: Han J. , Yu H. , Tu Y. , Pang J. , Liu F. , Bao Y. , Yang W. , Jia W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsMetformin and acarbose have comparable efficacy as initial therapy for HbA1c reduction in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. However, not all participants achieved glycaemic control. Our aim was to discover a monotherapy predictor for therapeutic response in Type 2 diabetes on the basis of baseline features.MethodsData from the MARCH trial were collected, resulting in 698 individuals being available for longitudinal analyses. All participants were divided into subgroups based on successful and unsuccessful achievement of the glycaemic target according to primary endpoints at week 24 (HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol; 7.0%). Logistic regression analysis with stepwise variable selection was performed to assess the independent risk factors for good glycaemic control of monotherapy with metformin or acarbose.ResultsMedian HbA1c was 66 ± 1 mmol/mol (8.2 ± 0.07%) in the metformin group at baseline, and 66 ± 1 mmol/mol (8.2 ± 0.07%) in the acarbose group. After 24 weeks of monotherapy, 79.8% of participants in the metformin group achieved glycaemic targets compared with 78.7% of those in the acarbose group. Multivariate regression analysis showed that BMI and fasting blood glucose were significant independent predictors for the maintenance of good glycaemic control in the metformin group, whereas phase I insulin secretion (Insulin/Glucose at 30 min, I30/G30) and duration of diabetes were associated with good glycaemic control in the acarbose group.ConclusionsFor newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes, some clinical features and laboratory parameters are important prognostic factors for predicting drug responsiveness. Participants with a higher BMI and lower fasting blood glucose achieved good glycaemic control when metformin was selected as the initial treatment. Acarbose was best for participants with higher phase I insulin secretion (I30/G30) and shorter duration of Type 2 diabetes.
Relationship between skeletal muscle mass and swallowing function in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Takagi Daisuke , Hirano Hirohiko , Watanabe Yutaka , Edahiro Ayako , Ohara Yuki , Yoshida Hideyo , Kim Hunkyung , Murakami Kohji , Hironaka Shouji 
Published: May 2016

AimThe present study verified the hypothesis that decreased skeletal muscle in older adults with Alzheimer's disease is related to Alzheimer's disease progression and decreased oral or swallowing function.MethodsWe investigated 232 patients with Alzheimer's disease (31 men, 201 women, average age 85.4 ± 5.9 years) in two regions in Japan. The patients provided basic information (sex and age), and were assessed for skeletal muscle index, dementia severity (clinical dementia rating), activities of daily living, nutritional status, oral status and swallowing function.ResultsStratification by clinical dementia rating was as follows: clinical dementia rating 0.5:21 patients (9.0%), clinical dementia rating 1:85 patients (36.6%), clinical dementia rating 2:88 patients (37.9%) and clinical dementia rating 3:38 patients (16.3%). Alzheimer's disease severity was significantly related to skeletal muscle index. Logistic regression analysis showed that clinical dementia rating 3 (odds ratio 11.68, 95% confidence interval 4.52–30.20), body mass index < 18.5 (odds ratio 3.18, 95% confidence interval 1.27–8.00), calf circumference <30.5 cm (odds ratio 9.33, 95% confidence interval 2.01–43.27) and poor swallowing function (odds ratio 4.93, 95% confidence interval 1.10–22.04) had a significant effect on decreased skeletal muscle index.ConclusionsTherefore, decreased skeletal muscle mass in patients with Alzheimer's disease requires strategies to manage swallowing dysfunction. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 17: 402–409.
Clinical features of incidental mild cognitive impairment and dementia in a population‐based study
Authors: Hishikawa Nozomi , Fukui Yusuke , Sato Kota , Yamashita Toru , Ohta Yasuyuki , Abe Koji 
Published: May 2016

AimThe number of people with dementia is rapidly increasing as populations around the world age. It is important to grasp the characteristic features of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for early detection and prevention of dementia.MethodsWe examined 408 individuals recruited from a health checkup for metabolic syndrome, which comprised three groups: normal (n = 325), MCI (n = 55) and apparent cognitive decline (ACD; n = 28). We compared cognitive/affective functions and exercise/hobby habits with assessments of vascular risk factors and results from computerized touch‐panel tests.ResultsAmong the 408 individuals, 93.1% showed normal scores on the Mini‐Mental State Examination, and 6.9% had ACD. Among the normal Mini‐Mental State Examination participants, 14.5% had MCI (13.5% of all participants). The three groups of participants showed significant differences in age, education, systolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Even within the normal range, those in the MCI group showed significantly lower cognitive function than those in the normal group. Scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale were greater in the MCI group, and “day–night reversal” was worse in the ACD group. Scores on touch‐panel screening tests were significantly worse in the MCI and ACD groups than in the normal group. Participants showed better cognitive and affective function if they exercised regularly or had hobbies.ConclusionsIncidental MCI and ACD had prevalences of 13.5% and 6.9%, respectively, in the population‐based study. Participants with these conditions showed cognitive/affective decline and impairment on computerized touch‐panel tests in relation to vascular risk factors and exercise/hobbies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 722–729.
Sex differences in attachment to spouses among older Japanese couples
Authors: Yokoyama Katsunori , Shirakawa Kazutoyo , Hirao Tomohiro , Nakatsu Morihito , Yoda Takeshi , Suzuki Hiromi , Okabe Yugo , Shirakami Gotaro 
Published: May 2016

AimAttachment among older adults can partially explain sex differences in bereavement outcomes, but there is currently little evidence regarding this. The aim was to quantify sex differences in the proportion of spouses as attachment figures among older couples.MethodsWe carried out a secondary analysis of cross‐sectional questionnaire survey data. The dataset included information about 5137 respondents aged 65 years or older in Kanonji and Mitoyo, two rural cities in Kagawa prefecture, Japan; those who were never married or were widowed or divorced were excluded. The questionnaire asked participants whom they most want to be close by when they die (this person was defined as an “attachment figure”), and compared the proportion of older people of each sex who named their spouse. We used multiple logistic regression analyses to examine the independent association of sex with the proportion of spouses as attachment figures.ResultsOf the 2513 male respondents, 1494 (59.5%) answered “spouse.” Of the 2624 female respondents, 904 (34.5%) answered “spouse.” Multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, live‐in children, annual income, participation in community activities, presence of a long‐term primary care doctor, anxiety about death and preferences for place of death showed that men had a higher probability of attachment to spouses than women (odds ratio 2.83, 95% confidence interval 2.43–3.31).ConclusionsSpouses are more likely to be attachment figures for men than for women. The present study supports the theory that sex differences in attachment might partially explain the differences in the bereavement effect between sexes among older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 834‐838.
Performance of search strategies to retrieve systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy from the Cochrane Library
Authors: Huang Yuansheng , Yang Zhirong , Wang Jing , Zhuo Lin , Li Zhixia , Zhan Siyan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo compare the performance of search strategies to retrieve systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy from The Cochrane Library.MethodsDatabases of Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects in the Cochrane Library were searched for systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy published between 2008 and 2012 through nine search strategies. Each strategy consists of one group or combination of groups of searching filters about diagnostic test accuracy. Four groups of diagnostic filters were used. The strategy combing all the filters was used as the reference to determine the sensitivity, precision, and the sensitivity × precision product for another eight strategies.ResultsThe reference strategy retrieved 8029 records, of which 832 were eligible. The strategy only composed of MeSH terms about “accuracy measures” achieved the highest values in both precision (69.71%) and product (52.45%) with a moderate sensitivity (75.24%). The combination of MeSH terms and free text words about “accuracy measures” contributed little to increasing the sensitivity. Strategies composed of filters about “diagnosis” had similar sensitivity but lower precision and product to those composed of filters about “accuracy measures.” MeSH term “exp‘diagnosis’” achieved the lowest precision (9.78%) and product (7.91%), while its hyponym retrieved only half the number of records at the expense of missing 53 target articles. The precision was negatively correlated with sensitivities among the nine strategies.ConclusionsCompared to the filters about “diagnosis,” the filters about “accuracy measures” achieved similar sensitivities but higher precision. When combining both terms, sensitivity of the strategy was enhanced obviously. The combination of MeSH terms and free text words about the same concept seemed to be meaningless for enhancing sensitivity.
The prevalence and risk factors of the metabolic syndrome in inpatients with intellectual disability
Authors: Room B. , Timmermans O. , Roodbol P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to explore the prevalence and influencing factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) and behavioural problems in a Dutch special healthcare institution.MethodsThis observational study was conducted from medical records of physical examinations, laboratory results, medication (history), ethnicity and length of stay, as well as from questionnaires about lifestyle and smoking habits. MetS was defined by using the criteria of the 2009 consensus guidelines. The questions in this study were about the prevalence of MetS over a 1‐year period and exploration of the differences between the people with and without MetS to determine the factors associated with it.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MetS in the selected population of people with IDs and behavioural problems was 46%. The factors ‘use of conventional antipsychotics’, ‘age’, and a ‘ low nutrition score’ increased the risk of developing MetS. Together, these variables determine 19% of the variance in the incidence of MetS.ConclusionsThe study indicates a firm prevalence of MetS in a vulnerable population, whereby a minority of contributing factors was determined. Professionals should be particularly alert during the provision of antipsychotics, diet and exercise habits to prevent MetS when treating people with IDs and behavioural problems, and further studies are needed to explore the factors that contribute to the nascence and prevalence of MetS.
Cathepsin K expression is increased in oral lichen planus
Authors: Siponen Maria , Bitu Carolina Cavalcante , Al‐Samadi Ahmed , Nieminen Pentti , Salo Tuula 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundOral lichen planus (OLP) is an idiopathic T‐cell‐mediated mucosal inflammatory disease. Cathepsin K (Cat K) is one of the lysosomal cysteine proteases. It is involved in many pathological conditions, including osteoporosis and cancer. The expression and role of Cat K in OLP are unknown.MethodsTwenty‐five oral mucosal specimens diagnosed histopathologically as OLP and fourteen healthy controls (HC) were used to study the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of Cat K. Colocalization of Cat K with CD1a, Melan‐A, CD68, CD45, mast cell tryptase (MCT), and Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) 4 and 9 were studied using double IHC and/or immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Expression of Cat K was also evaluated in OLP tissue samples before and after topical tacrolimus treatment.ResultsCat K was expressed in a higher percentage of cells in the epithelial zone, and the staining intensity was stronger in the stroma in OLP compared to controls (P < 0.001). In OLP, Cat K was present mostly in melanocytes and macrophages and sporadically in basal keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and extracellularly. Cat K was found also in some fibroblasts in HC and OLP samples. Coexpression of Cat K and TLRs 4 and 9 was seen in some dendritic cells (presumably melanocytes) and macrophages. In OLP, tacrolimus treatment reduced the expression of Cat K in the epithelium but increased it in the stroma.ConclusionsThese results suggest that Cat K is involved in the pathogenesis of OLP. Cat K possibly takes part in the modulation of matrix molecules and cellular receptors.
Mutant swarms of a totivirus‐like entities are present in the red macroalga Chondrus crispus and have been partially transferred to the nuclear genome
Authors: Rousvoal Sylvie , Bouyer Betty , López‐Cristoffanini Camilo , Boyen Catherine , Collén Jonas 
Published: May 2016

Chondrus crispus Stackhouse (Gigartinales) is a red seaweed found on North Atlantic rocky shores. Electrophoresis of RNA extracts showed a prominent band with a size of around 6,000 bp. Sequencing of the band revealed several sequences with similarity to totiviruses, double‐stranded RNA viruses that normally infect fungi. This virus‐like entity was named C. crispus virus (CcV). It should probably be regarded as an extreme viral quasispecies or a mutant swarm since low identity (<65%) was found between sequences. Totiviruses typically code for two genes: one capsid gene (gag) and one RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase gene (pol) with a pseudoknot structure between the genes. Both the genes and the intergenic structures were found in the CcV sequences. A nonidentical gag gene was also found in the nuclear genome of C. crispus, with associated expressed sequence tags (EST) and upstream regulatory features. The gene was presumably horizontally transferred from the virus to the alga. Similar dsRNA bands were seen in extracts from different life cycle stages of C. crispus and from all geographic locations tested. In addition, similar bands were also observed in RNA extractions from other red algae; however, the significance of this apparently widespread phenomenon is unknown. Neither phenotype caused by the infection nor any virus particles or capsid proteins were identified; thus, the presence of viral particles has not been validated. These findings increase the known host range of totiviruses to include marine red algae.
Genetic diversity of Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae) along a salinity gradient in the North Sea–Baltic Sea transition zone
Authors: Møller Nielsen Mette , Paulino Cristina , Neiva João , Krause‐Jensen Dorte , Bruhn Annette , Serrão Ester A. 
Published: May 2016

The North Sea–Baltic Sea transition zone constitutes a boundary area for the kelp species Saccharina latissima due to a strong salinity gradient operating in the area. Furthermore, the existence of S. latissima there, along Danish waters, is fairly patchy as hard bottom is scarce. In this study, patterns of genetic diversity of S. latissima populations were evaluated along the salinity gradient area of Danish waters (here designated brackish) and were compared to reference sites (here designated marine) outside the gradient area, using microsatellite markers. The results showed that the S. latissima populations were structured into two clusters corresponding to brackish versus marine sites, and that gene flow was reduced both between clusters and between populations within clusters. In addition, results provided empirical evidence that marginal populations of S. latissima in the salinity gradient area exhibited a distinct genetic structure when compared to marine ones. Brackish populations were less diverse, more related, and showed increased differentiation over distance compared to marine populations. The isolation of the brackish S. latissima populations within the salinity gradient area of Danish waters in conjunction with their general low genetic diversity makes these populations vulnerable to ongoing environmental and climate change, predicted to result in declining salinity in the Baltic Sea area that may alter the future distribution and performance of S. latissima in the area.
On the Exact Region Determined by Kendall's τ and Spearman's ρ
Authors: Schreyer Manuela , Paulin Roland , Trutschnig Wolfgang 
Published: May 2016

SummaryUsing properties of shuffles of copulas and tools from combinatorics we solve the open question about the exact region Ω determined by all possible values of Kendall's τ and Spearman's ρ. In particular, we prove that the well-known inequality established by Durbin and Stuart in 1951 is not sharp outside a countable set, give a simple analytic characterization of Ω in terms of a continuous, strictly increasing piecewise concave function and show that Ω is compact and simply connected, but not convex. The results also show that for each (x, y) ∈ Ω there are mutually completely dependent random variables X and Y whose τ- and ρ-values coincide with x and y respectively.
LIFE‐VALUE NARRATIVES AND THE IMPACT OF ASTROBIOLOGY ON CHRISTIAN ETHICS
Authors: Mix Lucas John 
Published: May 2016

Abstract“Pale Blue Dot” and “Anthropocene” are common tropes in astrobiology and often appear in ethical arguments. Both support a decentering of human life relative to biological life in terms of value. This article introduces a typology of life‐value narratives: hierarchical narratives with human life above other life and holistic narratives with human life among other life. Astrobiology, through the two tropes, supports holistic narratives, but this should not be viewed as opposed to Christianity. Rather, Christian scriptures provide seeds of both hierarchical and holistic narratives, each of which may flourish in different environments. By attending to which aspects of human life are valued—or disvalued—relative to biological life, we can better understand how life‐concepts do work in ethics, anthropology, and soteriology in secular as well as theological contexts.
Self-organization of river channels as a critical filter on climate signals
Authors: Phillips Colin B. , Jerolmack Douglas J. 
Published: May 2016

Filtering out the effect of large floods
Large floods should seemingly influence the depth and width of rivers. Phillips and Jerolmack, however, suggest that the self-organization of bedrock river channels blunts the impact of extreme rainfall events. River channel geometries from a wide range of course-grained rivers across the United States show that larger floods have very limited additional impact on channel geometry. River channel sculpting does increase as flood size increases, but the effect is most pronounced for moderate floods. This relationship may explain the long-term stability of rivers across shifts in climate.

Science
, this issue p.
694
МОЖЛИВОСТІ КОРЕКЦІЇ ДИСБІОЗУ КИШЕЧНИКА ПРИ ХРОНІЧНОМУ НЕКАЛЬКУЛЬОЗНОМУ ХОЛЕЦИСТИТІ У ХВОРИХ НА ЦУКРОВИЙ ДІАБЕТ ІІ ТИПУ
Authors: Rusyn V. I. , Sirchak Ye. S. , Opalenyk S. M. 
Published: May 2016

<p>РЕЗЮМЕ. У статті представлено комплексне обстеження та лікування 44 хворих на хронічний некалькульозний<br />холецистит при цукровому діабеті ІІ типу. У всіх хворих було виявлено больовий синдром з локалізацією в правому<br />підребер’ї, іноді – в епігастрії, ниючого характеру, з іррадіацією в поперек, праве плече та лопатку, який посилювався<br />після вживання жирної та смаженої їжі, а також диспептичний синдром у вигляді нудоти, відрижки повітрям,<br />постійного гіркого присмаку у роті, метеоризму, чергування проносів та запорів. Залежно від призначеного<br />лікування хворих поділили на дві клінічні групи. У І групу ввійшли 20 хворих, які в якості антибактеріальної<br />терапії отримували напівсинтетичний пеніцилін – ампіцилін. Хворі ІІ групи (24 хворих) отримували антимікробний<br />препарат з групи фторхінолонів – левофлоксацин. Усі хворі на ХНХ отримували пребіотик лактулозу. Застосування<br />левофлоксацину в поєднанні з лактулозою (Біофлоракс) є ефективнішим для корекції кишкового дисбіозу хворих<br />на ХНХ, ніж використання ампіциліну з відповідним пребіотиком.</p><p><br />Ключові слова : хронічний некалькульозний холецистит, цукровий діабет ІІ типу, дисбіоз кишечника, діагностика, лікування.</p>
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АКТИВНоСТІ ТРАНСАМІНАЗ У КРОВІ ТА ПЕЧІНЦІ ПРИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІЙ ПНЕВМОНІЇ В УМОВАХ ІММОБІЛІЗАЦІЙНОГО СТРЕСУ ТА ВПЛИВ НА НИХ КОРВІТИНУ
Authors: Ferents N. M. 
Published: May 2016

<p>РЕЗЮМЕ. Експериментальна пневмонія в умовах іммобілізаційного стресу супроводжується значним<br />зростанням показників АЛТ та АСТ в крові і печінці, а застосування корвітину привело до зниження активності<br />трансаміназ, що свідчить про його позитивний корегувальний вплив на ці показники.</p><p><br />КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: експериментальна пневмонія, стрес, аланінамінотрансфераза, аспартатамінотрансфераза, корвітин.</p>
Electrophysiological Effects of Selective Atrial Coronary Artery Occlusion in Humans
Authors: Álvarez-García Jesús , Vives-Borrás Miquel , Gomis Pedro , Ordoñez-Llanos Jordi , Ferrero-Gregori Andreu , Serra-Peñaranda Antoni , Cinca Juan 
Published: May 2016

Background—
The arrhythmogenesis of ventricular myocardial ischemia has been extensively studied, but models of atrial ischemia in humans are lacking. This study aimed at describing the electrophysiological alterations induced by acute atrial ischemia secondary to atrial coronary branch occlusion during elective coronary angioplasty.

Methods and Results—

Clinical data, 12-lead ECG, 12-hour Holter recordings, coronary angiography, and serial plasma levels of high-sensitivity troponin T and midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide were prospectively analyzed in 109 patients undergoing elective angioplasty of right or circumflex coronary arteries. Atrial coronary branches were identified and after the procedure patients were allocated into two groups: atrial branch occlusion (ABO, n=17) and atrial branch patency (non-ABO, n=92). In comparison with the non-ABO, patients with ABO showed: (1) higher incidence of periprocedural myocardial infarction (20% versus 53%,
P
=0.01); (2) more frequent intra-atrial conduction delay (19% versus 46%,
P
=0.03); (3) more marked PR segment deviation in the Holter recordings; and (4) higher incidence of atrial tachycardia (15% versus 41%,
P
=0.02) and atrial fibrillation (0% versus 12%,
P
=0.03). After adjustment by a propensity score, ABO was an independent predictor of periprocedural infarction (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–11.6,
P
<0.05) and atrial arrhythmias (odds ratio, 5.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–20.5,
P
=0.02).

Conclusions—
Selective atrial coronary artery occlusion during elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is associated with myocardial ischemic damage, atrial arrhythmias, and intra-atrial conduction delay. Our data suggest that atrial ischemic episodes might be considered as a potential cause of atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic coronary artery disease.