bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Class-Switch Recombination in the Absence of the IgH 3′ Regulatory Region
Authors: Kim Ahrom , Han Li , Santiago Gabriel E. , Verdun Ramiro E. , Yu Kefei 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The ∼28-kb 3′ regulatory region (3′RR), which is located at the most distal 3′ region of the Ig H chain locus, has multiple regulatory functions that control IgH expression, class-switch recombination (CSR), and somatic hypermutation. In this article, we report that deletion of the entire 3′RR in a mouse B cell line that is capable of robust cytokine-dependent CSR to IgA results in reduced, but not abolished, CSR. These data suggest that 3′RR is not absolutely required for CSR and, thus, is not essential for targeting activation-induced cytidine deaminase to S regions, as was suggested. Moreover, replacing 3′RR with a DNA fragment including only its four DNase I hypersensitive sites (lacking the large spacer regions) restores CSR to a level equivalent to or even higher than in wild-type cells, suggesting that the four hypersensitive sites contain most of the CSR-promoting functions of 3′RR. Stimulated cells express abundant germline transcripts, with the presence or absence of 3′RR, providing evidence that 3′RR has a role in promoting CSR that is unique from enhancing S region transcription.
Lactic Acid Suppresses IL-33–Mediated Mast Cell Inflammatory Responses via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α–Dependent miR-155 Suppression
Authors: Abebayehu Daniel , Spence Andrew J. , Qayum Amina Abdul , Taruselli Marcela T. , McLeod Jamie J. A. , Caslin Heather L. , Chumanevich Alena P. , Kolawole Elizabeth Motunrayo , Paranjape Anuya , Baker Bianca , Ndaw Victor S. , Barnstein Brian O. , Oskeritzian Carole A. , Sell Scott A. , Ryan John J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Lactic acid (LA) is present in tumors, asthma, and wound healing, environments with elevated IL-33 and mast cell infiltration. Although IL-33 is a potent mast cell activator, how LA affects IL-33–mediated mast cell function is unknown. To investigate this, mouse bone marrow–derived mast cells were cultured with or without LA and activated with IL-33. LA reduced IL-33–mediated cytokine and chemokine production. Using inhibitors for monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) or replacing LA with sodium lactate revealed that LA effects are MCT-1– and pH-dependent. LA selectively altered IL-33 signaling, suppressing TGF-β–activated kinase-1, JNK, ERK, and NF-κB phosphorylation, but not p38 phosphorylation. LA effects in other contexts have been linked to hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, which was enhanced in bone marrow–derived mast cells treated with LA. Because HIF-1α has been shown to regulate the microRNA miR-155 in other systems, LA effects on miR-155-5p and miR-155-3p species were measured. In fact, LA selectively suppressed miR-155-5p in an HIF-1α–dependent manner. Moreover, overexpressing miR-155-5p, but not miR-155-3p, abolished LA effects on IL-33–induced cytokine production. These in vitro effects of reducing cytokines were consistent in vivo, because LA injected i.p. into C57BL/6 mice suppressed IL-33–induced plasma cytokine levels. Lastly, IL-33 effects on primary human mast cells were suppressed by LA in an MCT-dependent manner. Our data demonstrate that LA, present in inflammatory and malignant microenvironments, can alter mast cell behavior to suppress inflammation.
Galen and his treatise on grief
Authors: Fitzgerald John T. 
Published: August 2016

Throughout his career, Fika Janse van Rensburg has rightly insisted on the importance of the socio-historical context in interpreting early Christian literature. Although New Testament scholars have given careful attention to many aspects of this context, they have generally neglected writings by physicians. This neglect includes the numerous works of the philosopher-physician Galen (129-ca. 216 or 217 CE), who was one of the Roman Empire’s most prolific writers. As a corrective, this article focuses on Galen, with attention given to his life and to a recently discovered treatise on distress or grief (lype¯), known as De indolentia [Avoiding Distress or On Freedom from Distress]. Galen discusses grief from both a physiological and philosophical perspective, and his treatment of this emotion and common human experience provides an important context for the statements about lype¯ found in the New Testament and other early Christian documents.
Impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of small lymph nodes
Authors: Choudhary Narendra S. , Bansal Rinkesh Kumar , Puri Rajesh , Bodh Vijay , Patil Gaurav Kumar , Nasa Mukesh , Singh Rajiv Ranjan , Sarin Haimanti , Guleria Mridula , Sud Randhir 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background: There is very limited literature on results of fine needle aspiration (FNA) of small (defined as ≤1 cm at long and short axis) lymph nodes, particularly in the setting of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). Methods: The study was conducted from July 2014 to December 2015 at a tertiary care center. A total of 34 endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided FNAs in 33 patients were done for lymph nodes ≤1 cm at long and short axis and these were included in the analysis. Results: The study cohort comprised 33 patients; 23 males and 10 females, mean age of 58 ± 12 years. Indication of FNA was to look for malignancy (n = 15), PUO (n = 16), unexplained weight loss (n = 1), and presence of lymphadenopathy in prospective liver donor (n = 1). The FNA was taken from mediastinal nodes (n = 20, 14 subcarinal) and abdominal (n = 14, 8 at porta). The mean size of lymph nodes was 87 ± 11 mm at large axis and 68 ± 17 mm at short axis. A total of 3 (8.8%) FNAs were nondiagnostic (inadequate material). The cytopathologic diagnosis was malignancy in 8 (23.5%), granulomatous change in 8 (23.5%), and reactive lymphadenopathy in 15 (44.1%). Thus, EUS-guided FNA of these small nodes changed the management decisions in 44% of cases (one patient had tubercular lymphadenopathy at two sites). The 22-gauge EUS FNA needle was used in majority of patients (n = 26). There was no significant difference between pathologic (malignant and granulomatous) and reactive lymph nodes regarding size at long or short axis, ratio of long and short axis, hypoechogenicity, and sharply defined borders. Conclusion: EUS-guided FNA of small lymph nodes showed pathological enlargement in 44% of cases.
Tumour of the lowest probability
Authors: Adarsh C. K. , Kiran Ravi , Patil Mallikarjun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor, in general, seems to have increased in the recent years, most likely due to better diagnostic modalities. Ampulla represents an uncommon site for the occurrence of neuroendocrine tumor of gastrointestinal tract (0.05%).[1] A carcinoid tumor at the ampulla has varied presentations. Here, we report this rare case of neuroendocrine tumor at the ampulla in a young female presenting as abdominal pain and improving after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Plummer-Vinson syndrome presenting as squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus
Authors: Lanke Gandhi , Koduru Pramoda , Bhutani Manoop S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPlummer-Vinson syndrome (PVS) also known as Paterson-Brown-Kelly syndrome is a rare syndrome which comprises iron deficiency anemia, dysphagia, and esophageal webs. The pathogenesis of PVS is not clear. Iron deficiency anemia is essential for diagnosis of PVS. If left untreated, there is an increased risk of developing pharyngeal or esophageal cancer in about 10% of patients. There are no strict guidelines for endoscopic surveillance in patients with PVS. Iron replacement can improve dysphagia and potentially lead to regression of esophageal webs. In this case report, we present a patient who had long-standing dysphagia for years which progressed to squamous cell cancer of esophagus by the time she sought medical treatment.
Tubercular lymphadenopathy with duodenal fistula
Authors: Nasa Mukesh , Sharma Zubin , Saraf Neeraj , Puri Rajesh 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTuberculosis, both pulmonary and extrapulmonary, is one of the leading causes of significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. A 29-year-old chronic alcoholic patient presented to gastroenterology outpatient department with complaints of decreased appetite, weight loss, and generalized weakness. On endoscopy, the second part of duodenum appeared edematous with some luminal compromise. There was also presence of an opening in the inferolateral wall of the second part of duodenum, through which milky white caseous material was coming out. Computed tomography demonstrated large conglomerate of paraduodenal, celiac, para-aortic, peripancreatic, and retrocaval nodes with central necrosis. Endoscopic ultrasound showed hypoechoic lymph nodes in paraduodenal, parapancreatic, and celiac axis. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed epithelioid granuloma with Langerhans giant cells suggestive of granulomatous lymphadenitis of tubercular etiology. Tubercular lymphadenopathy eroding into duodenum has been very rarely reported in literature. This case reports the rare possibility of extrinsic tubercular lymphadenopathy eroding into duodenum.
Swallowed toothbrush: Case series
Authors: Kiran S. , Gupta Deepak , Sadalage Abhishek , Gupte Amit , Jain Abhinav , Shukla Akash 
Published: August 2016

AbstractToothbrush swallowing is rare, and most cases are seen in young women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia or associated with mental retardation or schizophrenia. Prompt removal is recommended because no cases of spontaneous passage have been reported. There is no previously reported case series on swallowed toothbrush in mentally normal young men. Here, we report three cases of swallowed toothbrush found in the esophagus and stomach on endoscopy. In our case series, successful removal of the toothbrush was done without endotracheal intubation or over tube, without any complications. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case series of swallowed toothbrush managed successfully endoscopically.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor masquerading as metastasis in a patient with esophageal cancer: Diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration
Authors: Koduru Pramoda , Khurana Shruti , Gornals Joan B. , Varas Modesto , Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita , Bhutani Manoop S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and guided biopsies has been well established for the locoregional staging of esophageal cancers. However, their role in posttreatment surveillance is unclear. Here, we describe a case of a pancreatic mass diagnosed on the follow-up positron emission tomography scan, concerning for a metastatic lesion. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) helped in establishing the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor, which tends to have a similar sonographic appearance. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate a suspicious mass seen on computed tomography/positron emission tomography scan. EUS and EUS-guided FNA can serve as useful modalities to confirm the diagnosis by cytopathology.
Land-surface parameter optimisation using data assimilation techniques: the adJULES system V1.0
Authors: Raoult Nina M. , Jupp Tim E. , Cox Peter M. , Luke Catherine M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Land-surface models (LSMs) are crucial components of the Earth system models (ESMs) that are used to make coupled climate–carbon cycle projections for the 21st century. The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) is the land-surface model used in the climate and weather forecast models of the UK Met Office. JULES is also extensively used offline as a land-surface impacts tool, forced with climatologies into the future. In this study, JULES is automatically differentiated with respect to JULES parameters using commercial software from FastOpt, resulting in an analytical gradient, or adjoint, of the model. Using this adjoint, the adJULES parameter estimation system has been developed to search for locally optimum parameters by calibrating against observations. This paper describes adJULES in a data assimilation framework and demonstrates its ability to improve the model–data fit using eddy-covariance measurements of gross primary production (GPP) and latent heat (LE) fluxes. adJULES also has the ability to calibrate over multiple sites simultaneously. This feature is used to define new optimised parameter values for the five plant functional types (PFTs) in JULES. The optimised PFT-specific parameters improve the performance of JULES at over 85 % of the sites used in the study, at both the calibration and evaluation stages. The new improved parameters for JULES are presented along with the associated uncertainties for each parameter.
Creating, Practicing, and Researching a Global Faith: Conceptualizations of World Christianity in the American Protestant Pastorate and Seminary Classroom, 1893 to the Present
Authors: Strasburg James 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
This article investigates how North American Protestants conceptualized and studied “world Christianity” from the turn of the twentieth century onward. It examines references to world Christianity in historic newspapers and scholarly books and surveys how North American Protestant conceptualizations of world Christianity translated into curriculum and professorship changes at three flagship Protestant seminaries: Union Theological Seminary, Princeton Theological Seminary, and Boston University’s School of Theology. It argues that world Christianity developed in the American Protestant pastorate and seminary classroom in relationship to three phenomena: world evangelization, worldwide ecumenism, and indigenization. During these three stages, American Protestants utilized “world Christianity” to describe their changing relationship to foreign mission and non-Western Christianity, particularly in light of shifting theological commitments at home and historical developments abroad. With each development, world Christianity transitioned from being a concept with America at its center to one reflecting a multipolar, global Christian faith.
“I Perceive that in Every Way You Are Very Religious” (Acts 17:22): Naga Spirituality and Baptist Mission
Authors: Pongen Sashinungla 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Since the second half of the twentieth century, the tension between Western Christian missions and colonialism has been popularly addressed. This eventually led to the assertion that native peoples are passive recipients of the gospel and that Christianization remains a destructive intrusion into native cultures. This article argues for an alternative interpretation by taking the example of early Naga Christianity in Nagaland, India. It closely observes the traditional Naga religious worldview and spirituality and the Baptist articulation of the gospel, which respects and depends upon believers’ baptism. Various aspects of the religious awareness of the Nagas’ indigenous theology are highlighted, along with the Baptist mission and Naga Baptist conversion experience in light of Christian mass conversion stories.
Ian McEwan’s Atonement: A Virilian Reading
Authors: Rohani Yalda , Pirnajmuddin Hossein , Akhavan Behnoush 
Published: August 2016

<p class="a">Paul Virilio is the theorist of speed or “dromology”. In his terminology acceleration is relevant to time and space. Virtualization is also another seminal concept in his theory which is of course essentially related to his conception of time-space. In this essay, we argue that human perception as pertaining to speed-space and light-space as well as the different versions of reality arising out of different ways of body positioning is one of the major themes of Ian McEwan’s <em>Atonement </em>(2001). In McEwan’s novel both architecture and art mislead Briony. Paradoxically, however, Briony also attempts to overcome her trauma through the art of writing in which several versions of reality emerge out of shattered images of the past. The novel foregrounds issues of art, perception, time-space, speed and their interrelations and as such a Virilian reading would be most relevant.</p><p>1-2017 (Print) ISSN 1911-2025 (Online) Email: ass@ccsenet.org <br /><br />Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education <br /><br />To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'ccsenet.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders. and lawfulness compared to district 3. In addition, t-test results showed that the aspect of effectiveness has the best condition with a mean of 3.21 and the aspect of participation has an unfavorable condition compared to other aspects with a mean of 2.58.</p><p> </p>
Organisatiestructuren van jihadistische netwerken in Nederland
Authors: de Bie Jasper , de Poot Christianne 
Published: August 2016

Organizational structures of jihadist networks in the Netherlands. Differences and similarities between 2000 and 2013
This paper uses social network analysis to study and compare the organizational structures and division of roles of three jihadist networks in the Netherlands. It uses unique Dutch police data covering the 2000-2013 period. This study demonstrates how the organizational structures differ between different networks. The earliest network has a hierarchical cell structure with a clear division of labour, while the later networks are horizontal and dense networks with less clear orientation on tasks. The core member types in the jihadist networks also differ. The earliest network contains international jihad veterans with clear leadership skills, while the later networks contain home-grown radicals with less status and often a lack of expertise. Furthermore, several jihadists evolve over time, when they used to be supporters, but become core members in posterior networks.
Le blogue « privé » comme méthode de recherche en études féministes
Authors: Lang Marie-Ève 
Published: August 2016

Pour obtenir des données qualitatives sur les façons dont les jeunes femmes s’informent sur la sexualité et négocient les rapports de pouvoir dont celle-ci est traversée, l’auteure a conçu une méthode qui tire profit des technologies de l’information et qui mise sur l’écriture et l’autonomie des femmes : le blogue « privé ». Dans sa recherche, 30 femmes de 17 à 21 ans ont décrit leurs expériences de la sexualité en tenant chacune un blogue sur le Web. L’auteure présente dans son article les caractéristiques de la méthode adoptée et ses avantages pour la recherche féministe.
Le féminisme québécois comme mouvement de défense des droits des femmes
Authors: Mayer Stéphanie , Lamoureux Diane 
Published: August 2016

Mettre en évidence l’apport des mouvements communautaires, dont celui des femmes, à l’avancée des droits est l’un des objectifs du projet de recherche Inter-Reconnaissance. Les entretiens conduits auprès d’une quarantaine de féministes amènent les auteures à réfléchir à deux éléments. D’abord, demander à ces militantes de réfléchir aux luttes menées par le mouvement en matière de droits révèle un paradoxe important : au-delà d’une énumération convenue des droits obtenus lorsqu’on leur pose directement la question, leurs réponses s’avèrent beaucoup plus riches et variées lorsqu’il s’agit des valeurs ou des pratiques du mouvement, montrant à l’oeuvre l’idée de « vie sociale des droits ». Ensuite, en mettant en avant les actrices et leur récit, cette recherche conduit les auteures à penser les rapports entre le témoignage, la mémoire individuelle et la mémoire collective. Malgré les paradoxes, la lutte pour les droits semble avoir joué un rôle essentiel dans le passé et est susceptible de continuer à le faire à l’avenir, même si le lien entre l’État et les mouvements sociaux s’est considérablement transformé.
Projet de recherche-action à Gennevilliers : « La ville côté femmes »
Authors: Luxembourg Corinne , Messaoudi Dalila 
Published: August 2016

Dans leur article, les auteures s’appuient sur une expérience de recherche-action (« La ville côté femmes ») menée à Gennevilliers en vue de comprendre les mécanismes d’appropriation de l’espace public par les femmes. Leur objectif est de réfléchir à la question de la quotidienneté de l’espace urbain vécu au féminin en interrogeant nombre de comportements, de qualifications, de rapports sociaux de sexe impensés si longtemps parce qu’ils reposent, pour l’essentiel, sur des présupposés de détermination naturaliste. D’un point de vue méthodologique, leur projet est multidisciplinaire et mixte.
Le salaire au travail ménager, 1972-1977 : retour sur un courant féministe évanoui1
Authors: Toupin Louise 
Published: August 2016

Dans cet article, l’auteure effectue un retour sur le courant de pensée et le mouvement du « salaire au travail ménager », issus de l’ouvrage de Mariarosa Dalla Costa et Selma James : Le pouvoir des femmes et la subversion sociale (1972). L’auteure offre un aperçu de certaines contributions théoriques de cette pensée et présente le sens de quelques-unes des mobilisations qui l’ont traduite en actions pendant la période 1972-1977. Son article se termine par quelques enjeux contemporains du travail domestique et de reproduction sociale.
Antioxidant-rich leaf extract ofBarringtonia racemosasignificantly alters thein vitroexpression of genes encoding enzymes that are involved in methylglyoxal degradation III
Authors: Kong Kin Weng , Abdul Aziz Azlina , Razali Nurhanani , Aminuddin Norhaniza , Mat Junit Sarni 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundBarringtonia racemosais a medicinal plant belonging to theLecythidaceaefamily. The water extract ofB. racemosaleaf (BLE) has been shown to be rich in polyphenols. Despite the diverse medicinal properties ofB. racemosa, information on its major biological effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still lacking.MethodsIn this study, the effect of the antioxidant-rich BLE on gene expression in HepG2 cells was investigated using microarray analysis in order to shed more light on the molecular mechanism associated with the medicinal properties of the plant.ResultsMicroarray analysis showed that a total of 138 genes were significantly altered in response to BLE treatment (p< 0.05) with a fold change difference of at least 1.5.SERPINE1was the most significantly up-regulated gene at 2.8-fold whileHAMPwas the most significantly down-regulated gene at 6.5-fold. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) revealed that “Cancer, cell death and survival, cellular movement” was the top network affected by the BLE with a score of 44. The top five canonical pathways associated with BLE were Methylglyoxal Degradation III followed by VDR/RXR activation, TR/RXR activation, PXR/RXR activation and gluconeogenesis. The expression of genes that encode for enzymes involved in methylglyoxal degradation (ADH4,AKR1B10andAKR1C2) and glycolytic process (ENO3, ALDOCandSLC2A1) was significantly regulated. Owing to the Warburg effect, aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells may increase the level of methylglyoxal, a cytotoxic compound.ConclusionsBLE has the potential to be developed into a novel chemopreventive agent provided that the cytotoxic effects related to methylglyoxal accumulation are minimized in normal cells that rely on aerobic glycolysis for energy supply.