bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Electron‐transfer in Immunonanosensors by Using Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Mars Abdelmoneim , Parolo Claudio , de la Escosura‐Muñiz Alfredo , Raouafi Noureddine , Merkoçi Arben 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe design and operation of biosensors is not trivial. For instance, variation in the output signal during monitoring of analytes can not usually be controlled. Hence, if such control were possible, and could be triggered on demand, it would greatly facilitate system design and operation. Herein, we report the design of two types of voltamperometric immunosensors, in which the magnitude of the current output signal (differential pulse voltammetry [DPV]) can be increased or decreased as needed. The designed systems use monoclonal and polyclonal anti‐human IgG antibodies, conjugated to monopodal ferrocene‐modified gold nanoparticles that are casted onto screen‐printed carbon electrodes (Ab/mFcL/AuNPs/SPCEs). Upon addition of human IgG as antigen, the systems exhibit opposite responses according to the Ab: the current decreases when monoclonal Ab is used, whereas it increases when polyclonal Ab is used. We attributed the former response to inhibition of electron‐transfer (due to the formation of a protein layer), and the latter response, to a global increase in electron transfer (induced by the aggregation of gold nanoparticles). These effects were confirmed by studying a custom‐made lipoic acid‐based bipodal ligand, which confirmed that the increase in current is effectively induced by the aggregation of the modified nanoparticles (pAb/mFcL/AuNPs). Both sensors have large dynamic ranges, although the pAb‐based one was found to be 3.3‐times more sensitive. Tests of selectivity and specificity for ovalbumin, α‐lactalbumin and serum bovine albumin showed that the immunosensors are highly selective and specific, even in the presence of up to 1000‐fold levels of potentially competitive proteins. The limit of detection for human IgG using the pAb/mFcL/AuNP bioconjugate was estimated to be 0.85 ng/mL. The pAb/mFcL/AuNPs‐based biosensor has used to determine amounts of human IgG in real sample.
Electrokinetic ion transport in confined micro‐nanochannel
Authors: Wang Junyao , Liu Chong , Xu Zheng 
Published: January 2016

In this paper, a confined micronanochannel is presented to concentrate ions in a restricted zone. A general model exploiting the Poisson–Nernst–Plank equations coupled with the Navier–Stokes equation is employed to simulate the electrokinetic ion transport. The influences of the micronanochannel dimension and the surface charge density on the potential distribution, the ion concentration, and the fluid flow are investigated. The numerical results show that the potential drop depends mainly on the nanochannel, instead of the confined channel. Both decreasing the width and increasing the length enhance the ion enrichment performance. For a given nanochannel, ultimate value of ion concentration may be determined by the potential at the center point of the nanochannel. The study also shows that the enrichment stability can be improved by increasing the micronanochannel width, decreasing the micronanochannel length and reducing the surface charge density.
Acute‐phase glycoprotein N‐glycome of ovarian cancer patients analyzed by CE‐LIF
Authors: Weiz Stefan , Wieczorek Marta , Schwedler Christian , Kaup Matthias , Braicu Elena Iona , Sehouli Jalid , Tauber Rudolf , Blanchard Véronique 
Published: January 2016

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most frequent cause of death from all gynecological malignancies because of its late diagnosis. As N‐glycosylation is modified in the course of ovarian cancer, it is a promising source of tumor biomarkers. In this work, serum glycoproteins, depleted from albumin and IgG, were separated by 2DE. Protein spots of acute‐phase proteins were identified by peptide mapping and their corresponding glycan moieties were released enzymatically, fluorescently labeled and analyzed by CE‐LIF.In the positive acute‐phase proteins, haptoglobin, α1‐antitrypsin, and α1‐antichymotrypsin, an increase of antennarity and LewisX motif could be measured in EOC patients on tri‐ and/or tetraantennary N‐glycans. Tetraantennary N‐glycans containing three LewisX epitopes and triantennary N‐glycans containing a β(1‐6) branch and a LewisX epitope were only present in EOC patients. We also showed for the first time that the core‐fucosylated biantennary digalactosylated N‐glycan of α1‐acid glycoprotein is a potential biomarker for EOC.To conclude, core‐fucosylated biantennary N‐glycans on α1‐acid glycoprotein as well as higher antennarity and increased amounts of LewisX motif on haptoglobin, α1‐antitrypsin, and α1‐antichymotrypsin are promising biomarkers for EOC. Nevertheless, their specificity and selectivity for the early detection of EOC should be evaluated in a larger study.
Information and Communication Technology in Energy Lab 2.0: Smart Energies System Simulation and Control Center with an Open‐Street‐Map‐Based Power Flow Simulation Example
Authors: Hagenmeyer Veit , Kemal Çakmak Hüseyin , Düpmeier Clemens , Faulwasser Timm , Isele Jörg , Keller Hubert B. , Kohlhepp Peter , Kühnapfel Uwe , Stucky Uwe , Waczowicz Simon , Mikut Ralf 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn Energy Lab 2.0, the interplay of different forms of energy on different value chains is investigated. Novel concepts to stabilize the volatile energy supply of renewables by the use of storage systems and mainly by applying to‐be‐developed tools and algorithms of the information and communication technology sector are sought. Hence, a key element of Energy Lab 2.0 is the smart energies system simulation and control center. This consists of three parts: a power‐hardware‐in‐the‐loop experimental field, an energy grid simulation and analysis laboratory, and a control, monitoring, and visualization center. For these three labs, big data technologies, advanced control methods, and reliable, safe, and secure software structures are of equal importance. As an example, a data processing pipeline to create power flow simulation models from raw Open Street Map data, statistical databases, and geodata is presented and discussed.
Throughput, energy and overhead of multicast device‐to‐device communications with network‐coded cooperation
Authors: Hernández Marcano Néstor J. , Heide Janus , Lucani Daniel E. , Fitzek Frank H. P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCooperation strategies in mobile networks typically rely in short‐range technologies, like LTE‐A device‐to‐device communications, for data exchange between devices forming mobile clouds. These communications provide a better device experience because the clouds offload the network. Nevertheless, this assumes that the throughput gains and energy savings in multicasting are much larger between devices than the base station to the receivers. However, current mobile networks suffer from many different issues varying the performance in data rates, which calls into question these assumptions. Therefore, a first objective of this work is to assess the operating regions where employing cooperation results in higher throughput and/or energy savings. We consider multicast scenarios with network‐coded mechanisms employing random linear network coding (RLNC). However, although RLNC is good for low amount of transmissions in multicast, it has an inherent overhead from extreme high or low field‐related caveats. Thus, as a second objective, we review and propose the application of new network codes that posses low overhead for multicasting, by having a short representation and low dependence probability. We provide an analytical framework with numerical results showing (i) gains of several fold can be attained even if the in‐device data rates are moderately larger (2×) than the cellular link data rate and (ii) that is feasible to attain less than 3% total mean overhead with the proposed codes. This is fairly lower than what can be achieved with RLNC schemes in most of the considered cases and achieving at least 1.5 − 2× gains. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heilig's Blechle!
Authors: Merklein Marion 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntegrale Bauteile werden nicht nur in der Automobilindustrie immer wichtiger. Die Blechmassivumformung ist ein innovatives Verfahren, um solche leichten Grundkörper mit hoch belastbaren Multifunktionselementen herzustellen. Dabei liegen Vergleiche mit dem Leistungssport durchaus nahe.
Im Schatten von Schrödingers Katze
Authors: Bayer Manfred 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDer Eigendrehimpuls von Elektronen in Halbleiter‐Hybridstrukturen ist das zentrale Thema des ersten deutsch‐russischen Sonderforschungsbereichs. Sein Sprecher, der Dortmunder Physiker Manfred Bayer, stellt den Verbund vor, gepaart mit persönlichen Eindrücken.
Investigation on porosity and permeability change of Mount Simon sandstone (Knox County, IN, USA) under geological CO2 sequestration conditions: a numerical simulation approach
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Soong Yee , Dilmore Robert M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA numerical model was developed to simulate reactive transport with porosity and permeability change of Mount Simon sandstone (samples from Knox County, IN, USA) after 180 days of exposure to CO2‐saturated brine under CO2 sequestration conditions. The model predicted formation of a high‐porosity zone adjacent to the surface of the sample in contact with bulk brine, and a lower porosity zone just beyond that high‐porosity zone along the path from the sample/bulk brine interface to sample core. The formation of the high porosity zone was attributed to the dissolution of quartz and muscovite/illite, while the formation of the lower porosity zone adjacent to the high porosity zone was attributed to precipitation of kaolinite and feldspar. The model predicted a 40% permeability increase for the Knox sandstone sample after 180 days of exposure to CO2‐saturated brine, which was consistent with laboratory‐measured permeability results. Model‐predicted solution chemistry results were also found to be consistent with laboratory‐measured solution chemistry data. Initial porosity, initial feldspar content, and the exponent n value (determined by pore structure and tortuosity) used in permeability calculations were three important factors affecting permeability evolution of sandstone samples under CO2 sequestration conditions.
Using Top‐down and Bottom‐up Costing Approaches in LMICs: The Case for Using Both to Assess the Incremental Costs of New Technologies at Scale
Authors: Cunnama Lucy , Sinanovic Edina , Ramma Lebogang , Foster Nicola , Berrie Leigh , Stevens Wendy , Molapo Sebaka , Marokane Puleng , McCarthy Kerrigan , Churchyard Gavin , Vassall Anna 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeEstimating the incremental costs of scaling‐up novel technologies in low‐income and middle‐income countries is a methodologically challenging and substantial empirical undertaking, in the absence of routine cost data collection. We demonstrate a best practice pragmatic approach to estimate the incremental costs of new technologies in low‐income and middle‐income countries, using the example of costing the scale‐up of Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/resistance to riframpicin (RIF) in South Africa.Materials and methodsWe estimate costs, by applying two distinct approaches of bottom‐up and top‐down costing, together with an assessment of processes and capacity.ResultsThe unit costs measured using the different methods of bottom‐up and top‐down costing, respectively, are $US16.9 and $US33.5 for Xpert MTB/RIF, and $US6.3 and $US8.5 for microscopy. The incremental cost of Xpert MTB/RIF is estimated to be between $US14.7 and $US17.7. While the average cost of Xpert MTB/RIF was higher than previous studies using standard methods, the incremental cost of Xpert MTB/RIF was found to be lower.ConclusionCosts estimates are highly dependent on the method used, so an approach, which clearly identifies resource‐use data collected from a bottom‐up or top‐down perspective, together with capacity measurement, is recommended as a pragmatic approach to capture true incremental cost where routine cost data are scarce.
What Determines HIV Prevention Costs at Scale? Evidence from the Avahan Programme in India
Authors: Lépine Aurélia , Chandrashekar Sudhashree , Shetty Govindraj , Vickerman Peter , Bradley Janet , Alary Michel , Moses Stephen ,   CHARME India Group, Vassall Anna 
Published: January 2016

AbstractExpanding essential health services through non‐government organisations (NGOs) is a central strategy for achieving universal health coverage in many low‐income and middle‐income countries. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention services for key populations are commonly delivered through NGOs and have been demonstrated to be cost‐effective and of substantial global public health importance. However, funding for HIV prevention remains scarce, and there are growing calls internationally to improve the efficiency of HIV prevention programmes as a key strategy to reach global HIV targets. To date, there is limited evidence on the determinants of costs of HIV prevention delivered through NGOs; and thus, policymakers have little guidance in how best to design programmes that are both effective and efficient. We collected economic costs from the Indian Avahan initiative, the largest HIV prevention project conducted globally, during the first 4 years of its implementation. We use a fixed‐effect panel estimator and a random‐intercept model to investigate the determinants of average cost. We find that programme design choices such as NGO scale, the extent of community involvement, the way in which support is offered to NGOs and how clinical services are organised substantially impact average cost in a grant‐based payment setting. © 2016 The Authors. Health Economics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Two New Flavanols from Glycosmis pentaphylla and Their Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Wang Jiangfeng , Zhao Bing , Zhang Feng , Zhang Qiongyu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTwo new flavanols, (8S,9R)‐9,10‐dihydro‐5,9‐dihydroxy‐8‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐2H,8H‐benzo[1,2‐b:3,4‐b′]dipyran‐2‐one (1) and (2S,3R)‐3,4‐dihydro‐3,5‐dihydroxy‐2‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐2H,8H‐benzo[1,2‐b:3,4‐b′]dipyran‐8‐one (2), were isolated from the stems of Glycosmis pentaphylla. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic (UV, IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR) analyses. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated using the MTT method. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited considerable cytotoxic activities against HL‐60 and A549 cell lines.
In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Ubiquinone and Ubiquinol, Compared to Vitamin E
Authors: Cervellati Rinaldo , Greco Emanuela 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is the prevalent ubiquinone in human organism, largely present in its reduced form, ubiquinol (QH2), to which the antioxidant, free radical scavenger activity is ascribed by many authors. However, some studies indicate that also the oxidized form presents some effect in preventing the cellular oxidative stress. In this article four in vitro chemical test methods (TEAC, FRAP, DPPH, and BR) were used to assess the free radical scavenging power of CoQ10, QH2, and vitamin E. The results showed that CoQ10 is almost ineffective, while in three of the tests QH2 presents a higher antioxidant activity than vitamin E. From these results, it can be concluded that the interconversion CoQ10⇌QH2 leading to the prevalence of QH2 in biological tissues is responsible for the antioxidant action of coenzyme Q10 in living organisms.
Trichodermates A–F, New Cytotoxic Trichothecenes from the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Trichoderma sp.
Authors: Li Jiaying , Ren Jinwei , Bao Li , Jin Tao , Wang Wenzhao , Pei Yunfei , Liu Xingzhong , Li Erwei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTrichodermates A – F (1–6, resp.), six new trichothecene polyunsaturated octadioic acid esters, and (−)‐harzianum B (7) were isolated from the fermentation extract of Trichoderma sp., a plant pathogenic fungus isolated from stem rot of an unidentified tree in Thailand. The structures of 1–7 were elucidated by NMR experiments. The absolute configuration at C(12) in 3 was assigned by in situ dimolybdenum circular dichroism method, whereas that in 7 was deduced after hydrolysis of 7 to 8 via modified Mosher's method. Compounds 1 and 2 showed modest cytotoxic activities against the K562 (human myelogenous leukemia) cell line with IC50 values of 12.12 and 13.08 μM, respectively.
Chemical Constituents from the Fermented Mycelia of the Medicinal Fungus Xylaria nigripes
Authors: Xiong Juan , Huang Ya , Wu Xi‐Ying , Liu Xin‐Hua , Fan Hui , Wang Wei , Zhao Yun , Yang Guo‐Xun , Zhang Hai‐Yan , Hu Jin‐Feng 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNineteen compounds mainly including pyrrole‐containing alkaloids and phytosterols were isolated from the EtOH extract of the fermented mycelia of Xylaria nigripes, a precious medicinal fungus known as Wuling Shen in Chinese. On the basis of spectroscopic methods, the structures of the new naturally occurring compounds were determined to be (4S)‐3,4‐dihydro‐4‐(4‐hydroxybenzyl)‐3‐oxo‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]oxazine‐6‐carbaldehyde (1), methyl (2S)‐2‐[2‐formyl‐5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl]‐3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)propanoate (2), and 3‐{4‐[(2R)‐(2,3‐dihydroxy‐3‐methylbutoxy]phenyl}‐7‐hydroxy‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one (3), respectively. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were deduced by the observed Cotton effects in their circular dichroism (CD) spectra, whereas that of the 1,2‐diol moiety in 3 was determined using the Snatzke's method. Their biological activities such as neuroprotective, anti‐neuroinflammatory, and cytotoxic properties were also reported.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 3,4‐Dihydro‐1,2,3‐benzotriazine Derivatives Based on the Reaction of o‐Bromobenzyl Azides with Butyllithium
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Chikazawa Yuuki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot procedure for the preparation of 3‐substituted 3,4‐dihydro‐1,2,3‐benzotriazines 2, 3, and 4 from o‐bromobenzyl azides 1 is described. The reaction of these azides with BuLi in THF at −78° generates o‐lithiobenzyl azides via the Br/Li exchange. These lithium compounds immediately undergo intramolecular cyclization to give the corresponding (dihydro‐1,2,3‐benzotriazinyl)lithium intermediates, which are trapped with a variety of acylating agents or BnBr at N(3) exclusively to provide the desired products in moderate to good yields.
The effect of increased microporosity on bone formation within silicate‐substituted scaffolds in an ovine posterolateral spinal fusion model
Authors: Coathup Melanie Jean , Blunn Gordon William , Campion Charlie , Ho Chih‐Yuan , Hing Karin Angela 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study compared the bone forming capacity of the same formulation of silicate‐substituted bone graft substitute materials with different microporosity in an instrumented posterolateral spinal fusion ovine model. Materials with a strut porosity of (i) 22.5% (SiCaP) or (ii) 36.0% (SiCaP(+)) were packed along either side of the spine. Bone apposition rates, % new bone formation, % bone‐implant contact, and % graft resorption were quantified at 8, 12, and 24 weeks post surgery. Computed Tomography (CT) was used to grade the formation of fusion bridges between vertebrae. Results showed no significant difference in bone apposition rates, % new bone formation, and % bone‐implant contact when the two materials were compared. However, at 8 weeks, a significantly higher CT score was obtained in the SiCaP(+) group (0.83 ± 0.17) when compared with the SiCaP group (0.17 ± 0.17; p = 0.027). Significantly less scaffold remained in the SiCaP(+) group at 12 weeks (p = 0.018). Both SiCaP and SiCaP(+) formulations augmented bone formation. Increasing the strut porosity did not significantly increase bone formation however, at 8 weeks it promoted the formation of more highly mineralized bone resulting in a significantly higher CT score, suggesting the bone tissue formed was more mature. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 805–814, 2017.
Study of smart antibacterial PCL‐xFe3O4 thin films using mouse NIH‐3T3 fibroblast cells in vitro
Authors: Pai B Ganesh , Kulkarni Ajay V. , Jain Shilpee 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSurface energy plays a major role in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell interactions with biomedical devices. In the present study, poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐xFe3O4 nanoparticles (PCL‐xFO NPs; x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 wt% FO concentration in PCL) composite thin films were developed for skin tissue regeneration. The surface properties in terms of roughness, surface energy, wettability of the thin films were altered with the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs. These thin films show antimicrobial properties and cyto‐compatibility with NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. The porosity and thickness of the films were controlled by varying RPM of the spin coater. Interestingly, at 1000 RPM the roughness of the film decreased with increasing concentrations of FO NPs in PCL, whereas the surface energy increased with increasing FO NPs concentrations. Furthermore, the spreading of NIH‐3T3 cells grown on PCL‐xFO thin films was less as compared to control (TCPS), however cells overcame this effect after 48 h of seeding and cells spread similarly to those grown on TCPS after 48 h. Also, the incorporation of FO NPs in thin films induced inner membrane permeabilization in E. coli bacteria leading to bacterial cell death. The viability of E. coli bacteria decreased with increasing concentration of FO NPs in PCL. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 795–804, 2017.
Neurotrophin-3 Induces BMP-2 and VEGF Activities and Promotes the Bony Repair of Injured Growth Plate Cartilage and Bone in Rats
Authors: Su Yu-Wen , Chung Rosa , Ruan Chun-Sheng , Chim Shek Man , Kuek Vincent , Dwivedi Prem P , Hassanshahi Mohammadhossein , Chen Ke-Ming , Xie Yangli , Chen Lin , Foster Bruce K , Rosen Vicki , Zhou Xin-Fu , Xu Jiake , Xian Cory J 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Injured growth plate is often repaired by bony tissue causing bone growth defects, for which the mechanisms remain unclear. Because neurotrophins have been implicated in bone fracture repair, here we investigated their potential roles in growth plate bony repair in rats. After a drill-hole injury was made in the tibial growth plate and bone, increased injury site mRNA expression was observed for neurotrophins NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4 and their Trk receptors. NT-3 and its receptor TrkC showed the highest induction. NT-3 was localized to repairing cells, whereas TrkC was observed in stromal cells, osteoblasts, and blood vessel cells at the injury site. Moreover, systemic NT-3 immunoneutralization reduced bone volume at injury sites and also reduced vascularization at the injured growth plate, whereas recombinant NT-3 treatment promoted bony repair with elevated levels of mRNA for osteogenic markers and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) and increased vascularization and mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial cell marker CD31 at the injured growth plate. When examined in vitro, NT-3 promoted osteogenesis in rat bone marrow stromal cells, induced Erk1/2 and Akt phosphorylation, and enhanced expression of BMPs (particularly BMP-2) and VEGF in the mineralizing cells. It also induced CD31 and VEGF mRNA in rat primary endothelial cell culture. BMP activity appears critical for NT-3 osteogenic effect in vitro because it can be almost completely abrogated by co-addition of the BMP inhibitor noggin. Consistent with its angiogenic effect in vivo, NT-3 promoted angiogenesis in metatarsal bone explants, an effect abolished by co-treatment with anti-VEGF. This study suggests that NT-3 may be an osteogenic and angiogenic factor upstream of BMP-2 and VEGF in bony repair, and further studies are required to investigate whether NT-3 may be a potential target for preventing growth plate faulty bony repair or for promoting bone fracture healing. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.