bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Role of Preoperative Serum Lipid Levels in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wettstein Marian S. , Saba Karim , Umbehr Martin H. , Murtola Teemu J. , Fankhauser Christian D. , Adank Jean‐Pascal , Hofmann Marc , Sulser Tullio , Hermanns Thomas , Moch Holger , Wild Peter , Poyet Cédric 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND.The prognostic role of preoperative serum lipid levels in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) for clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate preoperative serum lipid levels in patients with clinically localized PCa undergoing RP and their association with clinicopathological features and oncological outcome.METHODS.Preoperative lipid levels (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) and statin use from consecutive patients with clinically localized PCa undergoing RP in a tertiary referral center between 2008 and 2015 were recorded and patients were followed prospectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the association between lipid levels and clinicopathological parameters. Lipid values were analyzed both as continuous and dichotomized variables. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to identify predictors for recurrence‐free survival (RFS). Recurrence was defined as rising and verified PSA levels >0.1 ng/ml.RESULTS.Our cohort consisted of 371 men with a median age of 63 years (range 41–78 years) and a median preoperative PSA value of 6.79 ng/ml (0.43–81.4 ng/ml). Median follow‐up was 28 months (1–64). No association was found between lipid levels and adverse pathological characteristics such as ≥pT3, Gleason score ≥8, positive nodal status and positive surgical margins. Recurrence occurred in 49 patients (15.4%) at a median time of 18 months (2–51 month). Compared to low LDL cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol was associated with longer RFS in univariable analysis (continuous: Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.67, 95%‐Confidence Interval (CI): 0.47–0.96,P = 0.03; 3 mM cut‐point: HR: 0.44, 95%‐CI: 0.24–0.79,P = 0.006). Neither levels of other lipids, nor statin use were associated with RFS. Preoperative LDL cholesterol remained an independent predictor for PCa recurrence in a multivariable model adjusted for age, preoperative PSA, statin use, tumor stage, Gleason score, nodal status and surgical margin status (continuous: HR: 0.66, 95%‐CI: 0.44–0.99,P = 0.04; 3 mM cut‐point: HR: 0.41, 95%‐CI: 0.21–0.78,P = 0.007).CONCLUSIONS.This is the first prospective study showing the potential adverse and independent prognostic role of low preoperative LDL cholesterol levels in patients with localized PCa undergoing RP.Prostate 77:549–556, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of the quasi‐simultaneous arrival (QSA) effect on a CAMECA IMS 7f‐GEO
Authors: Jones Clive , Fike David A. , Peres Paula 
Published: January 2017

RationaleIMS 7f‐GEO isotope ratio applications increasingly involve analyses (e.g., S– or O– isotopes, coupled with primary ion currents <30 pA) for which quasi‐simultaneous arrival (QSA) could compromise precision and accuracy of data. QSA and associated correction have been widely investigated for the CAMECA NanoSIMS instruments, but not for the IMS series.MethodsSulfur and oxygen isotopic ratio experiments were performed using an electron multiplier (EM) detector, employing Cs+ primary ion currents of 1, 2, 5 and 11.5 pA (nominal) and a variety of secondary ion transmissions to vary QSA probability. An experiment to distinguish between QSA undercounting and purported aperture‐related mass fractionation was performed using an EM for 16O– and 18O– plus an additional 16O– measurement using a Faraday cup (FC) detector. An experiment to investigate the accuracy of the QSA correction was performed by comparing S isotopic ratios obtained using an EM with those obtained on the same sample using dual FCs.ResultsThe QSA effect was observed on the IMS‐7f‐GEO, and QSA coefficients (β) of ~0.66 were determined, in agreement with reported NanoSIMS measurements, but different from the value (0.5) predicted using Poisson statistics. Aperture‐related fractionation was not sufficient to explain the difference but uncertainties in primary ion flux measurement could play a role. When QSA corrected, the isotope ratio data obtained using the EM agreed with the dual FC data, within statistical error.ConclusionsQSA undercounting could compromise isotope ratio analyses requiring ~1 × 105 counts per second for the major isotope and primary currents <20 pA. The error could be >8‰ for a 1 pA primary current. However, correction can be accurately applied. For instrumental mass fractionation (IMF)‐corrected data, the magnitude of the error resulting from not correcting for QSA is dependent on the difference in secondary ion count rate between the unknown and standard analyses. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A similarity‐based indirect trust model with anti‐spoofing capability
Authors: Tan Shuaishuai , Liu Yanming , Li Xiaoping , Dong Qingkuan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTrust management has become an emerging security paradigm in various areas such as ad hoc networks and cloud computing. One core element of trust management is the indirect trust model that evaluates the trustworthiness of a target based on others' recommendations. The research on indirect trust is still at an early stage, and some problems are not addressed yet. Because of the subjectivity of trust, entities would have different views on a same target. Consequently, after receiving recommendations, the evaluating entity should first measure their credibility. Existing methods often distort recommendations. We propose a more reasonable method based on the similarity between recommenders and evaluating entities. Furthermore, considering the characteristics of one‐hop and multi‐hop recommendations, the similarity calculation methods for them were developed individually. Another problem is the spoofed recommendations aiming at tarnishing someone or harboring conspirators. We design a simple but efficient algorithm to detect and remove them. The proposed methods and algorithms constitute the integrated indirect trust model. This model is not bound to any specific domain, and thus it can be widely applied. Simulation results show that the model is effective in obtaining an objective indirect trust value with the existence of personalized and dishonest recommenders. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute Pancreatitis After Percutaneous Biliary Drainage: An Obstacle in Liver Surgery for Proximal Biliary Cancer
Authors: Russolillo Nadia , Massobrio Andrea , Langella Serena , Lo Tesoriere Roberto , Carbonatto Paolo , Ferrero Alessandro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) has a crucial role in treatment of proximal biliary cancer (PBC). We assessed the incidence, risk factors, and impact of acute pancreatitis (AP) post‐PTBD.MethodsForty patients with PBC scheduled for PTBD from January 2005 to December 2015 were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were missing clinical data, PTBD performed in other institutions, and palliative PTBD.ResultThe 40 patients comprised 8 (20%) with gallbladder cancer, 6 (15%) with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and 26 (65%) with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. A median of 1 PTBD procedure was performed per patient; 16 (40%) patients underwent PTBD more than once. PTBD was left‐sided in 14 (35.0%) patients, right‐sided in 21 (52.5%), and bilobar in 5(12.5%). Seventeen (42.5%) patients had one or more drainage‐related complications. Five (12.5%) patients developed AP. A significantly higher percentage of patients with than without AP developed sepsis (60.0 vs. 11.4%, respectively) and did not undergo the planned liver resection [2 (40.0%) vs. 0 (0.0%), respectively]. Significantly more patients with than without AP underwent left‐sided PTBD [10 (28.6%) vs. 4 (80.0%), respectively].ConclusionPTBD is frequently complicated by AP. AP plays a key role in the development of sepsis. Nearly half of patients with AP lose the opportunity for surgical treatment.
Modifications of inhibitory transmission onto pyramidal neurons by postnatal exposure to MK‐801: Effects of enriched environment
Authors: Shojaei Amir , Anaraki Afsaneh Kamali , Mirnajafi‐Zadeh Javad , Atapour Nafiseh 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEarly enriched environment (EE) prevents several deficits associated with postnatal MK‐801 [N‐Methyl‐d‐Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist] treatment such as cognitive and locomotor deficits. We sought physiological correlates to such changes by looking at inhibitory synaptic inputs onto pyramidal cells in a prefrontal cortex slice preparation. Pharmacologically isolated γ‐amino‐butyric acid A (GABAA) receptor‐mediated currents were measured using whole‐cell patch clamp recordings. Wistar rats were raised in standard or EE from birth up to the time of experiments and were injected with saline or MK‐801 (1 mg/ kg) on postnatal days (P) 6–10. We recorded miniature inhibitory post‐synaptic currents (mIPSCs) of pyramidal cells in layer II/III of prefrontal cortex and measured their frequency, amplitude and kinetics. In control animals, the amplitude and frequency of mIPSCs increased strikingly during development from P21 to P28. MK‐801 accelerated the development of mIPSCs frequency but caused a significant decrease in the amplitude of mIPSCs on P28 suggesting a significant reduction of inhibition onto pyramidal cells. EE per se led to a significant increase in both frequency and amplitude of mIPSCs, but its application to MK‐801‐treated rats resulted in moderate rescue of GABAergic transmission on P28. We conclude that postnatal MK‐801 leads to reduced inhibitory transmission onto pyramidal cells of prefrontal cortex at adolescence which may underlie behavioural and morphological differences detected in vivo in rats. EE presentation from birth rather prevents GABAergic alterations associated with postnatal MK‐801 treatment at adolescence.
Is there an association between diet and depression in children and adolescents? A systematic review
Authors: Khalid Sundus , Williams Claire M. , Reynolds Shirley A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis review critically evaluates previous studies investigating the association between dietary intake of children and young people and depression and related mental health problems. A systematic literature search was conducted using electronic databases such as PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane. A total of twenty studies were identified that met inclusion criteria and were subsequently rated for quality. The studies used a range of methods to measure dietary intake and mental health. Important potential confounding variables (e.g. socio-economic status) were often not included or controlled. There were also inconsistencies in the use of key constructs, which made comparisons between studies difficult. Despite some contradictory results, overall there was support for an association between healthy dietary patterns or consumption of a high-quality diet and lower levels of depression or better mental health. Similarly, there was a relationship between unhealthy diet and consumption of low-quality diet and depression or poor mental health. However, where significant relationships were reported, effect sizes were small. Future research on the relationship between diet and mental health in young people should use more clearly defined constructs to define diet and include or control for important confounders.
Potential involvement of dietary advanced glycation end products in impairment of skeletal muscle growth and muscle contractile function in mice
Authors: Egawa Tatsuro , Tsuda Satoshi , Goto Ayumi , Ohno Yoshitaka , Yokoyama Shingo , Goto Katsumasa , Hayashi Tatsuya 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDiets enriched with advanced glycation end products (AGE) have recently been related to muscle dysfunction processes. However, it remains unclear whether long-term exposure to an AGE-enriched diet impacts physiological characteristics of skeletal muscles. Therefore, we explored the differences in skeletal muscle mass, contractile function and molecular responses between mice receiving a diet high in AGE (H-AGE) and low in AGE (L-AGE) for 16 weeks. There were no significant differences between L-AGE and H-AGE mice with regard to body weight, food intake or epididymal fat pad weight. However, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and plantaris (PLA) muscle weights in H-AGE mice were lower compared with L-AGE mice. Higher levels of Nε-(carboxymethyl)-l-lysine, a marker for AGE, in EDL muscles of H-AGE mice were observed compared with L-AGE mice. H-AGE mice showed lower muscle strength and endurance in vivo and lower muscle force production of PLA muscle in vitro. mRNA expression levels of myogenic factors including myogenic factor 5 and myogenic differentiation in EDL muscle were lower in H-AGE mice compared with L-AGE mice. The phosphorylation status of 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase Thr389, an indicator of protein synthesis signalling, was lower in EDL muscle of H-AGE mice than that of L-AGE mice. These findings suggest that long-term exposure to an AGE-enriched diet impairs skeletal muscle growth and muscle contractile function, and that these muscle dysfunctions may be attributed to the inhibition of myogenic potential and protein synthesis.
A clear and present danger: impacts of poisoning on a vulture population and the effect of poison response activities
Authors: Murn Campbell , Botha André 
Published: January 2017

AbstractVultures in Africa are being poisoned deliberately by poachers to prevent the birds alerting authorities to the poachers’ illegal activities, or for harvesting and sale of body parts for use in witchcraft. Hundreds of vultures can be killed at a single poisoned elephant Loxodonta africana carcass, and although field staff trained in poison response activities can limit the damage, mortalities remain numerous. We used the population viability analysis programme VORTEX to simulate seven 100-year-long scenarios investigating various rates of poisoning mortalities and the remedial effects of poison response activities on a population of Critically Endangered white-backed vultures Gyps africanus breeding in Kruger National Park, South Africa. In six scenarios the population declined (λ < 1); in three scenarios the population remained extant over the 100-year simulations but declined by 60–90% from a starting size of 2,400 individuals. In two scenarios one poisoned elephant carcass left untreated and causing the greatest number of vulture deaths was modelled as a catastrophic event with a 50% probability of annual occurrence, which resulted in a 100% probability of population extinction, with a mean time to extinction of 55–62 years. Effective poison response activities were modelled as a 70% reduction of mortality at each poisoned elephant carcass and resulted in population persistence after 100 years but with a c. 90% reduction in size (final n = 205). We highlight that although poison response activities will not prevent poisoning from occurring, they form an essential part of wider conservation actions designed to prevent local extinctions of vultures or other vulnerable species.
A short remark regarding Pohozaev-type results on general domains assuming finite Morse index
Authors: Cowan Craig 
Published: January 2017

We are interested in non-negative non-trivial solutions ofwhere 1 < p and Ω is a bounded smooth domain in ℝN with 3 ⩽ N ⩽ 9. We show that given a non-negative integer M there is some large p(M,Ω) such that the only non-negative solution u, of Morse index at most M, is u = 0.
“IN OUR IMAGE, ACCORDING TO OUR LIKENESS”: JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR. AND RECONSTRUCTING MANHOOD IN POST-LUDLOW COLORADO
Authors: Henry Robin 
Published: January 2017

John D. Rockefeller, Jr.’s reactions to the Colorado Coal Wars resulted in the creation of the Employee Representation Plan, better known as the Rockefeller Plan. While labor historians identify the Rockefeller Plan as a dynamic shift in labor-management relations, this article focuses on the lesser studied portion of Rockefeller's reconstruction plan, his program of soft reform and its effect on the construction of masculinity in the industrial West. For Junior, restructuring the work environment and the relationship between management and labor left reconstruction incomplete, and thus vulnerable to future crises. Beginning in 1914, Rockefeller provided support for local and national social organizations to work throughout southern Colorado in order to impart middle-class values to his workers. He believed that reconstructing their social and cultural values—from language to sexual behavior—would remove any socialist influences, and create a better workforce. By applying this type of pressure, Junior helped create an environment that supported local anti-vice movements, and validated a growing belief that law enforcement and legislation could be used to curb vice. Following the deadly strike, Rockefeller's attempts to transform his public image and industrial workers not only have implications for labor history, but also social and gender histories, in particular the construction of masculinity in the American West.As I understand you are a member of the Baptist Church. So am I. But I think you must be a very inconsistent one. You teach Sunday school in New York and let the devil run your business in Colorado. You and your managers are totally responsible for all the bloodshed that occurred in Colorado. If you had lived up to the law there would have been no strike in Colorado. It is human nature to suffer rather than resent and men do not go on strikes for the fun of it.1
The evolution of no-cost resistance at sub-MIC concentrations of streptomycin in Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Westhoff Sanne , van Leeuwe Tim Marijn , Qachach Omar , Zhang Zheren , van Wezel Gilles Philippus , Rozen Daniel Eric 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
At the high concentrations used in medicine, antibiotics exert strong selection on bacterial populations for the evolution of resistance. However, these lethal concentrations may not be representative of the concentrations bacteria face in soil, a recognition that has led to questions of the role of antibiotics in soil environments as well as the dynamics of resistance evolution during sublethal challenge. Here we examine the evolution of resistance to sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) of streptomycin in the filamentous soil bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor. First, we show that spontaneous resistance to streptomycin causes an average fitness deficit of ~21% in the absence of drugs; however, these costs are eliminated at concentrations as low as 1/10 the MIC of susceptible strains. Using experimental evolution, we next show that resistance to &gt;MIC levels of streptomycin readily evolves when bacteria are exposed to sub-MIC doses for 500 generations. Furthermore, the resistant clones that evolved at sub-MIC streptomycin concentrations carry no fitness cost. Whole-genome analyses reveal that evolved resistant clones fixed some of the same mutations as those isolated at high drug concentrations; however, all evolved clones carry additional mutations and some fixed mutations that either compensate for costly resistance or have no associated fitness costs. Our results broaden the conditions under which resistance can evolve in nature and suggest that rather than low-concentration antibiotics acting as signals, resistance evolves in response to antibiotics used as weapons.
High-throughput quantitation of inorganic nanoparticle biodistribution at the single-cell level using mass cytometry
Authors: Yang Yu-Sang Sabrina , Atukorale Prabhani U. , Moynihan Kelly D. , Bekdemir Ahmet , Rakhra Kavya , Tang Li , Stellacci Francesco , Irvine Darrell J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are studied as drug carriers, radiosensitizers and imaging agents, and characterizing nanoparticle biodistribution is essential for evaluating their efficacy and safety. Tracking NPs at the single-cell level with current technologies is complicated by the lack of reliable methods to stably label particles over extended durations in vivo. Here we demonstrate that mass cytometry by time-of-flight provides a label-free approach for inorganic nanoparticle quantitation in cells. Furthermore, mass cytometry can enumerate AuNPs with a lower detection limit of ∼10 AuNPs (3 nm core size) in a single cell with tandem multiparameter cellular phenotyping. Using the cellular distribution insights, we selected an amphiphilic surface ligand-coated AuNP that targeted myeloid dendritic cells in lymph nodes as a peptide antigen carrier, substantially increasing the efficacy of a model vaccine in a B16-OVA melanoma mouse model. This technology provides a powerful new level of insight into nanoparticle fate in vivo.
Evidence of Microvascular Changes in the Retina following Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Chen Katherine Y. H. , Burgner David P. , Wong Tien Y. , Saw Seang Mei , Quek Swee Chye , Pang Audrey Y. C. , Leo Seo Wei , Wong Inez B. , Zannino Diana , Curtis Nigel , Cheung Michael , Cheung Carol Y. , Lim Terence C. W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIt is unclear whether all children with Kawasaki disease (KD) have increased later cardiovascular risk. The retinal microvasculature reflects changes in the microcirculation and is associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors and events. The aim of this study was to investigate retinal microvascular parameters in two populations of patients with previous KD and control participants. We performed case-control studies of 116 (57 patients and 59 control participants) Australian and 156 (78 patients and 78 control participants) Singaporean individuals, at least two years since their acute illness. Standardised retinal photographs were graded by trained technicians using a semi-automated software, which quantifies the retinal microvasculature (calibre, branching angle, fractal dimensions, and tortuosity). Retinal venules of Singaporean KD patients were 9.67 μm (95% CI 4.87 to 14.51, p < 0.001) larger than control participants following correction for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. An incremental increase in the size of retinal venules in those with coronary artery abnormalities was observed. There was limited evidence that retinal venules were larger in Australian KD patients with coronary artery abnormalities compared to control participants (7.34 μm, 95% CI 1.30 to 15.99, p = 0.10). Differences in retinal microvasculature were particularly evident in Singaporean KD patients. Larger retinal venules may reflect chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and are associated with coronary artery disease in adults.