bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of social skills interventions for adults with autism and intellectual disability
Authors: Bundock Kerrie Elizabeth , Hewitt Olivia 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
Individuals with autism and intellectual disability (ID) have increased needs regarding social interaction. Social skills interventions have focussed on children; however, development of these skills is important across the lifespan. The purpose of this paper is to critically review strategies and interventions used to develop social skills with adults with autism and ID.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature search identified five studies meeting inclusion criteria.

Findings
Positive outcomes were reported in promoting positive social behaviours. However, it is not possible to make conclusions regarding the efficacy of social skills interventions for this population due to the limited quantifiable data and small sample sizes.

Research limitations/implications
The limited number of studies in the review impacts on its conclusions. Two of the papers included only one participant with both ID and autism.

Practical implications
A range of people need to be involved in supporting and developing social skills (peers, care staff, professionals). More research is needed in a variety of settings. Future research should attend to consistency of outcome measurement, service user perspectives, generalisation of skills, and documenting consent procedures.

Originality/value
This review focussed on interventions for both positive and negative social behaviours used with adults with ID (of all levels) and autism.
Clinical severity in Japanese patients with neurofibromatosis 1 based on DNB classification
Authors: Ehara Yuko , Yamamoto Osamu , Kosaki Kenjiro , Yoshida Yuichi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNeurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a genetic disease characterized by cutaneous, neurological and osseous complications. Although clinical manifestations of NF1 are variable, there has been no report on evaluation of severity in patients with NF1. To elucidate the grade of severity of NF1, a retrospective study was conducted in 124 NF1 patients at the Department of Dermatology of Tottori University Hospital in 2007–2016. The DNB classification (dermatological, neurological and bone manifestations) in Japan was used for assessment. Based on our current epidemiological data, there were 55 patients (44.3%) in stage 1, 23 (18.6%) in stage 2, three (2.4%) in stage 3, one (0.8%) in stage 4 and 42 (33.9%) in stage 5. The grade of severity in patients with NF1 tended to be higher with aging. Remarkably, 61.8% of the patients in stage 5 had diffuse plexiform neurofibromas with functional disability. We should pay attention to diffuse plexiform neurofibromas that greatly affect quality of life in patients with NF1.
Imaging after treatment in uterine malignancies: Spectrum of normal findings and most common complications
Authors: Miccò Maura , Telesca Anna Maria , Gui Benedetta , Grimaldi Pier Paolo , Cambi Francesco , Marini Maria Giulia , Valentini Anna Lia , Bonomo Lorenzo 
Published: May 2017

SummaryUterine malignancies account for the majority of gynaecologic cancers. Different treatment options are available depending on histology, disease grade and stage. Hysterectomy is the most frequent surgical procedure. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CRT) represents the preferred therapeutic choice for locally advanced uterine and cervical malignancies. Imaging of the female pelvis following these treatments is particularly challenging due to alteration of the normal anatomy. Radiologists should be familiar with both the expected post‐treatment imaging findings and the imaging features of possible complications to make the correct interpretation and avoid possible pitfalls. The purpose of this review is to show the expected computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) appearances of the female pelvis following surgery and CRT for uterine and cervical cancer, to illustrate the imaging findings of early and delayed most common complications after surgery and CRT, describing the suitable imaging modalities and protocols for evaluation of patients treated for gynaecologic malignancies.
Endothelial damage effects of circulating microparticles from patients with stable angina are reduced by aspirin through ERK/p38 MAPKs pathways
Authors: Cheng Gong , Shan Xue‐Feng , Wang Xu‐Lang , Dong Wei‐Wei , Li Zhe , Liu Xin‐Hong , Zhang Wei , Xing Kun , Chang Feng‐Jun 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIntroductionPlatelet activation participates in the development of both coronary artery disease (CAD) and circulating microparticles (MPs). As a commonly used medicine for coronary heart disease, whether aspirin affects the function of MPs remains unclear.AimsThis study was designed to test MPs from healthy subjects, and stable angina (SA) patients before and after aspirin administration were obtained. MPs origins were tested by flow cytometry. Rat thoracic aortas were incubated with MPs (with or without aspirin) to determine the effects of MPs on expression of ERK1/2, JNKs, and p38 MAPK. Affect on levels of NF‐κB, VCAM‐1, NO, and O2‐.ResultsCompared with healthy subjects, MPs concentrations increased in SA patients, but decreased after aspirin administration. According to flow cytometry, aspirin mainly decreased platelet‐derived MP. MPs from SA patients decreased the expression of ERK1/2, increased expression of p38 MAPKs, JNKs. Increased NF‐κB, VCAM‐1, and (O2‐) levels decreased NO content. Aspirin therapy significantly inhibited function of MPs from SA patients, and pathway inhibitors (ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, p38 MAPKs inhibitor SB203580, NF‐kB inhibitor PDTC) show similar effects with aspirin.ConclusionThese results indicate that the pro‐inflammatory, oxidative stress, procoagulant, and adhesion properties of MPs can be partly blocked by aspirin via the ERK‐NO/O2‐ and p38 ‐NF‐κB‐VCAM‐1 signal pathway, which clarified other functions beyond anti‐atherothrombotic of aspirin.
An equation‐free method reveals the ecological interaction networks within complex microbial ecosystems
Authors: Suzuki Kenta , Yoshida Katsuhiko , Nakanishi Yumiko , Fukuda Shinji 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Mapping the network of ecological interactions is a key to understanding the composition, stability, function and dynamics of microbial communities. In recent years various approaches have been used to reveal microbial interaction networks from metagenomic sequencing data, such as time‐series analysis, machine learning and statistical techniques. Despite these efforts it is still not possible to capture details of the ecological interactions behind complex microbial dynamics.
We developed the sparse S‐map method (SSM), which generates a sparse interaction network from a multivariate ecological time series without presuming any mathematical formulation for the underlying microbial processes. The advantage of the SSM over alternative methodologies is that it fully utilizes the observed data using a framework of empirical dynamic modelling. This makes the SSM robust to non‐equilibrium dynamics and underlying complexity (nonlinearity) in microbial processes.

We showed that an increase in dataset size or a decrease in observational error improved the accuracy of SSM However, the accuracy of a comparative equation‐based method was almost unchanged for both cases and equivalent to the SSM at best. Hence, the SSM outperformed a comparative equation‐based method when datasets were large and the magnitude of observational errors was small. The results were robust to the magnitude of process noise and the functional forms of interspecific interactions that we tested. We applied the method to a microbiome data of six mice and found that there were different microbial interaction regimes between young to middle age (4–40 week‐old) and middle to old age (36–72 week‐old) mice.

The complexity of microbial relationships impedes detailed equation‐based modelling. Our method provides a powerful alternative framework to infer ecological interaction networks of microbial communities in various environments and will be improved by further developments in metagenomics sequencing technologies leading to increased dataset size and improved accuracy and precision.
Single‐incision totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair is feasible and safe in patients on antithrombotic therapy: A single‐center experience of 92 procedures
Authors: Wakasugi Masaki , Tei Mitsuyoshi , Suzuki Yozo , Furukawa Kenta , Masuzawa Toru , Kishi Kentaro , Tanemura Masahiro , Akamatsu Hiroki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of SILS for totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair for patients on antithrombotic therapy.MethodsA total of 365 patients who underwent SILS for totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair between January 2011 and November 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Antithrombotic drugs were stopped preoperatively, and bridging intravenous heparin therapy was given according to the operative risk of each patient. Data on the patients' characteristics and perioperative outcomes were collected from their medical records.ResultsNinety‐two patients (25%, 92/365) were treated with antithrombotic drugs preoperatively. The mean operative times for unilateral and bilateral hernia repairs were 96 min and 94 min (P = 0.5), respectively, in the antithrombotic therapy group and 140 min and 130 min (P = 0.2), respectively, in the control group. Bleeding volume was minimal in all patients. There was no significant difference in the conversion rate. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.5 days in the antithrombotic therapy group and 2.1 days in the control group (P = 0.1). Postoperative complications were seen in 16% (15/92) of patients in the antithrombotic therapy group and in 11% (29/273) of patients in the control group (P = 0.2). Pulmonary embolism was seen in one patient (0.4%, 1/273) in the control group.ConclusionsSILS for totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair with bridging heparin therapy can be performed safely for patients on antithrombotic therapy.
Conservative Politics, Sacred Cows, and Sacrificial Lambs: The (Mis)Use of Evidence in Canada's Political and Penal Fields
Authors: Dawe Meghan , Goodman Philip 
Published: May 2017

This article explores the federal government's justifications for its decision to cancel Canada's prison farm program, and demonstrates how Harper's Conservatives used talk of “evidence,” “science,” and “research” to appear to be performing good, modern governance. We argue that developments within the penal field are deeply intertwined with activities within the political field—and are more clearly understood when situated within the broader context of politics, science, and the strategic (mis)use of evidence. Scholars must be careful in assuming the state is actually engaging evidence rather than doing so only at the level of rhetoric and discourse.Cet article explore les justifications utilisées par le gouvernement fédéral par rapport à sa décision d'annuler le programme canadien de prisons‐fermes, et démontre comment les conservateurs d'Harper ont utilisé les notions d’‘évidence’, de ‘science’ et de ‘recherche’ pour donner une apparence de bonne performance et de gouvernance moderne. Nous affirmons que les développements du champ pénal sont profondément imbriqués avec les activités à l'intérieur du champ politique—et sont mieux comprises lorsque situés dans le cadre plus large des politiques, de la science et des stratégies de (mal)utilisation d’évidences. Les spécialistes devraient être prudents lorsqu'ils assument que l’État prend réellement en compte les évidences alors qu'il est en fait seulement au niveau de la rhétorique et du discours.
The Future Lives of Sociology Graduates
Authors: Guppy Neil , Greer Kerry , Malette Nicole , Frank Kristyn 
Published: May 2017

After earning a bachelor's degree, the fate of sociology undergraduates is mysterious. We know little about how many Canadians have sociology degrees and even less about what they do after graduation. Using a variety of data sources from Statistics Canada, we paint a historical portrait of the discipline by charting how many people, and who, become sociologists. We also examine where they are employed, how much they earn, and how satisfied they are with their degrees. Our findings show that sociology graduates are competitive with other fields of study on both wages and employment, but are less satisfied with their degrees. We stress how the discipline would be wise to pay more attention to our graduates and their opportunities.Nous en savons peu sur l'avenir et le nombre de Canadiens ayant des diplômes de sociologie et encore moins ce qu'ils font après la graduation. Grâce à des données de Statistiques Canada, nous dressons un portrait historique de la discipline en montrant combien de personnes, et quel genre de personnes, deviennent sociologues. Nous examinons aussi où ils travaillent, combien ils gagnent et leur niveau de satisfaction par rapport à leurs diplômes. Nos résultats démontrent que les gradués en sociologie sont compétitifs par rapport aux autres champs d’étude en termes de salaire et de taux d'emploi, mais qu'ils sont moins satisfaits de leurs diplômes. Nous notons que la discipline aurait intérêt à porter plus d'attention sur les gradués et leurs opportunités.
Accuracy of computed tomography for detecting hepatic steatosis in donors for liver transplantation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Danping , Tian Wenshuo , Zheng Zhouying , Gu Jincui , Guo Zhiyong , He Xiaoshun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe accuracy of computed tomography (CT) for detecting donor hepatic steatosis (HS) before liver transplantation is not well established.MethodsA meta‐analysis was performed to determine the accuracy of CT for HS detection in liver donor candidates. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curves, and the area under the curve (AUC) were estimated using HSROC and bivariate random‐effects models.ResultsTwelve studies involving 1782 subjects were eligible for this meta‐analysis. For detecting significant HS (>10%‐30% steatosis in liver pathology) with CT in liver donors, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70‐0.89), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90‐0.96), 13.7 (95% CI: 8.1‐23.1), and 0.20 (95% CI: 0.12‐0.33). The AUC was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92‐0.96). For detecting the presence of HS, these corresponding diagnostic estimates were 0.50 (95% CI: 0.36‐0.64), 0.90 (95% CI: 0.83‐0.95), 5.2 (95% CI: 3.1‐8.9), 0.55 (95% CI: 0.42‐0.72), and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.76‐0.83). Moderate‐to‐high heterogeneity was detected.ConclusionComputed tomography shows high accuracy in detecting significant HS while poor accuracy in detecting the presence of HS in liver donors. Donors estimated to have significant HS by CT may avoid unnecessary liver biopsy.
MAKINGtheLINK: A school‐based intervention to improve help‐seeking for substance use problems
Authors: Lubman Dan I. , Cheetham Ali , Berridge Bonita J. , McKay‐Brown Lisa 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundMany young people are reluctant to seek professional help for alcohol and other substance use problems, preferring to rely on family and friends. MAKINGtheLINK is a school‐based intervention that teaches adolescents how to help their peers overcome barriers to engaging with professional help. The current study examined the effect of the MAKINGtheLINK programme in a sample of 12‐ to 15‐year‐old students.MethodsParticipants included 247 Grade 8 students (49% male, 51% female) recruited from 3 schools in Victoria, Australia. Participants completed questionnaires measuring barriers to professional help‐seeking, help‐seeking intentions and confidence to seek help at 3 time points (pre‐intervention, post‐intervention and 6‐week follow‐up). A non‐controlled repeated measures design was used to assess the effect of the programme on help‐seeking across time points.ResultsThe programme decreased barriers, increased intentions to seek help from formal sources, decreased intentions to seek help from family and increased confidence to seek help for a peer. The decrease in barriers was maintained at the 6‐week follow‐up, as were decreased intentions to seek help from family members, and increased intentions to seek help from school counsellors and alcohol and drug workers. The effects of the intervention did not differ substantially between males and females.ConclusionsThe MAKINGtheLINK is the first intervention to focus on overcoming barriers to help‐seeking for substance use problems by helping adolescents develop skills to support their peers. The intervention has promise as a means of facilitating help‐seeking during adolescence, although further research is needed to test its effectiveness in a more rigorous design.
Does co‐occurring borderline personality disorder influence acute phase treatment for first‐episode psychosis?
Authors: Francey Shona M. , Jovev Martina , Phassouliotis Christina , Cotton Sue M. , Chanen Andrew M. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThis aims of this study were: (1) to determine the prevalence of co‐occurring borderline personality disorder (BPD) in a first‐episode psychosis (FEP) sample; (2) to determine differences between patients with and without BPD on demographics, comorbidities and clinical risks and other variables; and (3) to examine whether BPD comorbidity influenced treatment received by patients for FEP during their first 3 months after service entry to a specialist early psychosis service.MethodsA file audit was conducted for 100 consecutive admissions to an early psychosis service. Patients with a clinician‐rated co‐occurring diagnosis of BPD were compared with patients without clinician‐rated BPD on a range of variables.ResultsTwenty‐two percent of the FEP sample was diagnosed with co‐occurring BPD by clinician ratings. The FEP group with co‐occurring BPD was found to be younger, more likely to have other comorbidities, and were at higher risk of suicide and violent behaviour. Group differences were found in treatment received for FEP, whereby patients with co‐occurring BPD had poorer access to standard treatment, including guideline concordant antipsychotic medication prescription.ConclusionYoung people with co‐occurring clinician‐rated BPD and FEP experienced greater difficulty accessing standard care for FEP and received relatively different treatment, including different pharmacotherapy, compared with those FEP patients without BPD. There is a need to develop new clinical guidelines and effective treatments for this specific subgroup with early psychosis and co‐occurring BPD that take into account interpersonal and “premorbid” aspects of their presenting problems.
Sarcopenia is a risk factor for falling in independently living Japanese older adults: A 2‐year prospective cohort study of the GAINA study
Authors: Matsumoto Hiromi , Tanimura Chika , Tanishima Shinji , Osaki Mari , Noma Hisashi , Hagino Hiroshi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThe purpose of the present study was to investigate whether sarcopenia was associated with future falls in the general Japanese older population.MethodsThis study was a 2‐year prospective observational study. Participants were recruited from individuals who had an annual town‐sponsored medical check‐up and had not received nursing care. The inclusion criteria for participants in our study were: (i) agreement to participate; (ii) living independently; and (iii) the ability to walk to where the survey was carried out and to provide self‐reported data. A total of 223 residents (82 men, 141 women) participated in the baseline assessment in the study. Demographic information, previous fall history, locomotive syndrome, body function and structural measurements and pain at the knee and/or lumber spine were assessed. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia algorithm was used to classify the presence of sarcopenia, and assess the history of falling when the participant received their annual medical check‐up.ResultsA total of 162 participants had an annual follow‐up assessment, 50 of whom (30.8%) fell at least once during the 2‐year observational period after baseline assessment. Previous falling history, prevalence of locomotive syndrome, sarcopenia and pain were significantly higher in participants who had fallen compared with participants who had not. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the prevalence of sarcopenia was a significant predictor of falling.ConclusionThe key finding of the present study suggests that sarcopenia is a risk factor for falling in older adults who are living independently even after adjustment for previous falls and confounding factors. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2124–2130.
Association between the frequency and autonomy of social participation and self‐rated health
Authors: Tomioka Kimiko , Kurumatani Norio , Hosoi Hiroshi 
Published: May 2017

AimAlthough numerous studies have reported that social participation (SP) has favorable effects on older people's health, no studies have focused on the autonomy of SP. We investigated the cross‐sectional relationship between the type, frequency, and autonomy of SP and self‐rated health (SRH).MethodsA postal survey was mailed to 19 354 citizens born between 1945 and 1949 in a city in Nara prefecture (response rate: 65.9%). A total of 12 157 respondents (5114 men and 7043 women) with independent basic activities of daily living made up the analytical participants. Six types of SP were measured: volunteer groups, sports groups, hobby groups, senior citizens’ clubs, neighborhood community associations and cultural groups. Using multiple logistic regressions, we calculated the odds ratio for poor SRH, with non‐participation as the reference. Covariates included age, family size, body mass index, comorbidities, smoking, drinking, walking, depression and cognitive function.ResultsAdjusted odds ratios for poor SRH decreased with more frequent SP or with more voluntary SP among both sexes, but this dose–response relationship was stronger in women than in men. After mutual adjustment for the frequency and autonomy of SP, voluntary SP had stronger effects on SRH than frequent SP, especially in sports and hobby groups among men, and in volunteer and hobby groups among women. For cultural groups, women with frequent and voluntary SP had positive effects on SRH, but frequent and obligatory SP had negative effects on men.ConclusionsThe present results imply that encouraging voluntarily chosen SP rather than frequent SP might be a key point for successful aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2537–2544.