bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'Antiquité ténaréenne de Barère
Authors: Bouyssy Marie-Thérèse 
Published: June 2016

Marie-Thérèse Bouyssy : Barère's infernal antiquity.
Barère, a great orator but eminent revolutionary who refused to judge the present and anticipate the future in terms of the past, referred very little to classical Antiquity in his speeches. In the Constituent Assembly the Ancients presided over the process of abandoning the past, while in the Convention, they became the language of defiance and denial, the infernal outcasts. But when one persecutes one's double, there is no point of return, and thus it was only after 1815, in his Belgian exile, that the "Anacreon of the guillotine", who had become Ballanche's "Man without a name", could adopt the timeless confraternity of bookish meditation. Classical antiquity had come into its own.
Lucius Junius Brutus. Un projet d'exposition au musée de la Révolution française (Vizille)
Authors: Bordes Philippe 
Published: June 2016

Philippe Bordes : Lucius Junius Brutus. An exhibition at the Museum of the French Revolution (Vizille).
In 1993 the Museum of the French Revolution at Vizille acquired a painting by P. N. Guerin, The Death of Brutus. It was executed in 1793 for the Rome Prize competition organised by the Paris Royal Academy with judges nominated by the National Convention. An exhibition planned for 1996 will examine the context of this competition and the aesthetic debates concerning the definition of republican art which were raised in the judges' published report. During the 18th Century the development of the myth of Brutus as the emblematic figure of republican virtue (Voltaire) broke with the tradition which stressed the problematic nature of his personal sacrifice for Rome (Plutarch). Works of art dating from before and during the Revolution give us a more balanced view of how this evolution took place.
Éducation, morale et politique chez F. M. Grimm
Authors: Grevet René 
Published: June 2016

René Grevet : Education, morality and politics in the thought of F. M. Grimm.
F. M. Grimm, the friend of Diderot, was an important participant in the intellectual life of the Enlightenment ; for nearly twenty years (1753-1773), in his Correspondance littéraire, he expressed his views on many subjects, in particular education. Like many intellectuals of the time, he criticised ordinary education that was ineffective and too religious ; he demanded a public education for the prince, the future sovereign on whom the future of the nation depended. Grimm was particulary noteworthy for his merciless analysis of Émile , J : J. Rousseau's famous treatise on education, and he also showed his originality in admitting his doubts concerning perfectibility and the idea of progress. For this enthusiast for enlightened despotism, the spring of all education was part of the political order ; it was less important to work for the intellectual liberation of individuals than to promote a patriotic education which could forge a "national spirit".
État présent des études sur Marivaux
Authors: Rivara Annie 
Published: June 2016

Annie Rivara : The present state of research on Marivaux.
This review article, which announces the creation of a Marivaux Society and the Revue Marivaux, continues those published by F. Deloffre (1964 and 1985) and H. Coulet (1978), although it does not claim to be exhaustive. It covers the years 1987-1994 and presents books, symposia and articles (both published and forthcoming), sometimes grouped under a single heading. After an assessment of recent editions, this article is organised according to the various critical approches (history and biography ; discourse analysis ; narratology ; dramaturgy ; poetics ; structural and thematic approaches, some inspired by psychoanalysis or feminist studies ; literary history ; history of genres ; philosophical aspects ; reading, reception and translation). Special emphasis is laid on technical and philosophical analyses as well as studies of intertextual connections.
Wanda, du mythe au roman
Authors: Rosset François 
Published: June 2016

François Rosset : Wanda, from myth to novel.
In the legends concerning the origins of the Polish kingdom, Queen Wanda stands out as a perfect, beautiful and virtuous woman, a brave warrior, ideal sovereign and virgin who sacrificed herself to avoid sharing her purity with men. The great myths of femininity (vestal, celestial queen and amazon) thus go to make up this character who fascinated those who, in the 17th and 18th Centuries, thought about the question of the legitimacy of power and sexual roles. However, a study of French historical texts, tragedies and novels using the myth of Wanda between 1647 and 1777 shows that she was an astonishing and inacceptable figure. Historians emphasised her strangeness and exoticism while authors of fiction personalised the heroine by involving her in intrigue and transforming the legend. The mythical figure, her values and the questions she raised were profaned and she became an individual, a particular example of feminine destiny, unusual but corresponding to the age's normative vision of power and women.
Le 18e siècle comme ère de la peinture
Authors: Sasaki Ken-Ichi 
Published: June 2016

Ken-ichi Sasaki : The 18th Century as an age of painting.
The Horatian maxim "Ut pictura poesis" was most influential in the 18th Century, and theorists of every type of art took painting as their model. Painting was considered as the ideal of poetic description (Marmontel), theatre (Diderot), ballet (Noverre), gardens (Girardin) and music (Cahusac), and this paradigmatic status accorded to painting can also be seen in general theories of art (Dubos, Batteux). The interest shown in the sense of sight is also evident in philosophical theories of vision (Berkeley, Condillac, Diderot and Herder). From the viewpoint of aesthetic experience, however, what is fundamental is the fact that painting constituted a pseudo-reality seen as a field of experience ; thus painting as the paradigm of art is essentially linked to the style of aesthetic experience peculiar to the 18th century.
La Chine en Europe
Authors: Neveu Bruno 
Published: June 2016

Bruno Neveu : China in Europe.
The West's contact with China and its civilisation from the 16th century onwards was almost solely through Catholic missionaries. In the 18th Century the mainly French Jesuits in Peking played a role as cultural intermediaries which was crucial for the development of the Enlightenment's Orient. An analysis of recent historical works shows clearly the exceptional talents of the Jesuits who were at the Imperial court, and the coherence of their apologetic principles. But one should not forget the presence of other missionaries (Augustins, Dominicans, Carmelites) ; they were more concerned with popular teaching and aware of the place of Taoism alongside the educated class's Confucianism, whose image in Europe was attractive but inexact. On the other hand, the reactions of the Chinese to the introduction of Western religious, philosophical and scientific reality is beginning to be better known thanks to the research of Sinologists.
Hannah More : 1789 : une révolution pour la littérature de colportage ?
Authors: Duval Gilles 
Published: June 2016

Gilles Duval : Hannah More, the Revolution and popular literature.
From 1795 onwards, Hannah More and a group of friends tried to counteract the influence of Thomas Paine and of traditional chapbooks by publishing more "wholesome" fare, the Cheap Repository Tracts. They were intended to replace popular literature by retaining its form and human interest while changing its content. But this was never achieved and on the whole the lower classes seem to have rejected the CRT.
L'esclavagisme dans la 4e édition de l'Histoire des deux Indes (1820-1821)
Authors: Bénot Yves 
Published: June 2016

Yves Bénot : Slavery in the fourth edition of the Histoire des Deux Indes (1820-21).
A comparison between the 1780 edition of the Histoire des Deux Indes and the posthumous edition — which Raynal was preparing, but had not finished when he died in 1796 — reveals both the maintenance of a large number of Diderot's set pieces and profound modifications. The most important ones concern everything about slavery in Book XI. The posthumous edition defends the status quo by giving the final word to a moderate advocate of slavery who replies to what was the final word by Diderot in 1780 ; Diderot's text has been slightly modified but its content is unchanged. The pages added in the posthumous edition seem to date from 1788 and 1789, but with quotations from 1791. Their author is tentatively identified as Mosneron de l'Aunay.
Casanova acteur ou les vertiges de l'illusion
Authors: Toubiana Guy-David 
Published: June 2016

Guy David Toubiana : Casanova as an actor.
This article offers a new analysis of the role of simulation in Casanova's Memoirs. Though labelled as actor by most critics, his personality prevents him from grasping what theatrical illusion really is while performing. Ironically, however, upon leaving the stage and re-entering everyday life, he displays all the qualités of a perfect actor. In fact, on occasion, he is even able to go far beyond the limitations of acting by making the unreal plausible. The powerful talent of Casanova-memorialist allows him to define his own character by artfully blurring the boundaries between the real and the imaginary ; by doing so, he inaugurates his own myth by successfully presenting himself to the reader as able to accomplish the impossible.
La poésie italienne à la fin du 18e siècle et au début du 19e dans les revues françaises de la Restauration
Authors: Misan-Montefiore Jacques 
Published: June 2016

Jacques Mlsan-Montefiore : late 18Th and early 19th-century Italian poetry in the periodicals of the Restoration.
The literary press of the Restoration, which was a vast intellectual laboratory, was particularly interested in Italian poetry of the end of the Settecento and the early 19th Century. But an analysis of the hundreds of volumes concerned reveals that in this period of transition only two great names are evoked, those of Monti and Foscolo. In a context of political unrest, the press praised the diversity of genres that they attemped and often excelled in : eloquence, lyricism, theatre, philology, translation, fiction, criticism. The journal's criticism concerns three main centres of interest : politics (constance and liberalism are the rule for Foscolo, while for Monti it is recantation), its links with artistic creation (arousing admiration in the case of Foscolo and a certain reticence in the case of Monti) and the relationship between creation and biography (amorous inconstancy for one and faithfulness for the other).
Lumières vigneronnes ou l'intelligence du vignoble
Authors: Wolikow Claudine 
Published: June 2016

Claudine Wolikov : Enlightened wine-growers or the intelligence of the vineyard.
In eighteenth-century France, the first liberal publishers began to promote the figure of the wine-grower as a model of an independent hard-working landowner, a clever and skilful craftsman concerned to promote trade and a victim of tyrannical taxation. When this ideal image is compared to the reality of the people living in wine-producing areas, it needs to be seriously modified.
Les présents en vins des villes et États de Bourgogne
Authors: Lamarre Christine 
Published: June 2016

Christine Lamarre : Presents of wine from the towns and states of Burgundy.
The custom of giving presents in kind to the powerful is an ancient practice that has always served both to honour the receiver and promote the reputation of the giver. It was gradually limited under pressure from the Intendants, and finally it was restricted to wine. Here the gifts were onerous obligations that were however borne by the local authorities. Thanks to the financial control of the Intendants , local archives are filled with documents concerning these gifts, which enable us to know, over a long period, developments in taste in relation to the wines chosen, prices, presentation (barrels or bottles), the price of transport and so on. The documents also indicate the many different occasions for honouring important people, the extent of the networks created by towns, the subtle hierarchies established between useful people, as well as the rigidity of an officially-established system mainly based on tradition.
Du nectar pour Voltaire
Authors: Mervaud Christiane 
Published: June 2016

Christiane Mervaud : Nectar for Voltaire.
From a historical or biographical point of view, Voltaire's Correspondence is full of information about the consumption of wine at the Delices and Ferney, on the supply circuits, the problems of conservation, and the tastes of Voltaire and Mme Denis. For Voltaire, who "liked drinking", wine plays an important role as a convivial element in his fiction. His imagination is nourished by the Biblical symbolism of vines and wine. He was horrified by transsubstantiation, by wine changed into the blood of Christ, and he dreamed of other communions, exhorting philosophers to labour in "the Lord's vineyard", thus inviting them to philosophical libations.
Bacchus, Thespis et la naissance de la comédie
Authors: Quéro Dominique 
Published: June 2016

Dominique Quéro : Bacchus, Thespis and the birth of comedy.
In the prologue to Platée, Jean-Philippe Rameau' s burlesque ballet first performed at Versailles in 1745, the poet Jacques Autreau referred to the origins of the theatre by presenting the comic figure of the legendary inventor of tragedy, Thespis who, during the wine harvest, invoked the god of grapes, Bacchus, to create a new type of amusement. Thus, under the auspices of historians of dramatic art, the essence of the theatre is here emphasised as bacchic, satirical and lyrical, which tends to remove the frontier between tragedy and comedy in order to replace it with a wider conception of theatrical forms as complete spectacles, combining the pleasures of song, music and dance. Bacchus, the god of wine and theatre is, just as much as Apollo, the god of inspiration, and thus justly invoked in this prologue entitled "The Birth of Comedy".
Cénacles libertins ou premières loges ? Les débuts de la franc-maçonnerie hollandaise
Authors: Berkvens-Stevelinck Christiane 
Published: June 2016

Christiane Berkvens-Stevelinck : Libertin groups or early lodges ? The beginnings of dutch freemasonry.
The beginnings of Dutch Freemasonry are very difficult to establish. In the first quarter of the 18th Century, there were numerous groups meeting regularly in cafés or private houses to listen to serious or joculer speeches from one of their members or indulge in a sort of dining "liturgy", in an atmosphere redolent of both the tradition of chivalric orders and Rabelaisian licentiousness. The organisation of these meetings, their vocabulary and rites are reminiscent of the first Masonic lodges, but such a conclusion is over-hasty. Libertine circles should not be confused with early Masonic lodges, and should not be seen as the origin of the first lodges. They are two very different, although close, cultural manifestations.
L'avocat Demours et le Mémoire pour l'entière abolition de la servitude en France (1765)
Authors: Bressan Thierry 
Published: June 2016

Thierry Bressan : The lawyer D amours and his Mémoire pour l'entière
abolition de la servitude en France (1765).
In 1765, about a century after Lamoignon's decrees had proposed in vain the suppression of serfdom, Damours published a hard-hitting Mémoire pour l 'entière abolution de la servitude en France. This was originally a mere factum published in connection with an appeal concerning servile rights exercised by the Verdun cathedral chapter, but the work violently attacked all the remnants of serfdom, depicting them in the worst light, and appealed to the King to eradicate them without delay. Although the privy council decided in favour of the clergy, suspended Damours and banned the work, it nevertheless broke new ground in many ways, by its excessive, even lyrical style, its anticlerical tone and the modernity of its arguments. It is a true product of Enlightened humanist thought which prefigures Voltaire's great campaign against Franche-Comté mortmain and the emancipation edict of August 1779.
Stratégies de publication. Le cas de l'Homme d'Helvétius
Authors: Smith David W. 
Published: June 2016

David W. Smith : Publication strategies : the case of Helvétius's De
l'Homme.
This article considers two methods used to minimize the risk of persecution after the publication of De l'Homme. First, Helvétius originally envisaged bringing out De l'Homme during his lifetime, but as a translation of the work of an anonymous German disciple living in Nuremberg. Second, when this strategy was abandoned after the author's sudden death, his heirs persuaded Catherine II to allow the first edition to be dedicated to her. Three main sources are used : the only known manuscript of the work, the first edition, and the third volume of the Correspondance générale, especially an exchange of letters between the Russian ambassador in the Hague, D. A. Golitsyn, and the vice-chancellor, A. M. Golitsyn. Finally, allegations concerning Diderot's role in the work's publication and its manuscript history are refuted.
L'éducation par le théâtre sous la Révolution
Authors: Tarin René 
Published: June 2016

René Tarin : Education by the theatre during the Revolution.
The men of 1789 believed firmly in the virtues of the theatre ; under the Constituent Assembly, we find a consensus among both authors and politicians who defended the usefulness of the theatre and emphasized its importance as a tool of education. Thus the theatre illustrates the social function of an art which is closely linked to the historical circumstances of its production. This specific social function, which is entirely devoted to the education of the people and the defence of the Revolution, characterises dramatic art during this period. Both the theatrical form and the subject matter of the plays contributed to a definition of a theatre closely linked to current events, concerned to bear witness to social reality and marked by a profound renewal of dramatic writing. The stage was to become the school for teaching bourgeois morality and the fundamental values of a new social pact.
Don Giovanni, un divertissement tragique
Authors: Moindrot Isabelle 
Published: June 2016

Isabelle Moindrot : Don Giovanni, a tragic divertimento.
Mozart and Da Ponte, as heirs of a baroque tradition associating the myth of the punished seducer with the themes of the divertimento and theatrality, played with all the conventions of opera bouffe (rigourous typology, stylistic disharmony, parody, repetitive structure, musical dynamism, fluidity) in order to present Don Giovanni as the embodiment of flight, who refuses all conventions, both moral and theatrical. Thus, by using and corrupting the unifying Utopia and the comic possibilities of opera bouffe, they turned Don Giovanni into the master of divertimenti and gave form to baroque anxiety concerning this character who represented excess and illusion.
Littératures populaires et imprimés de large circulation en Europe. Perspectives d'analyses comparatistes et interculturelles
Authors: Lüsebrink Hans-Jürgen 
Published: June 2016

Hans-Jürgen Lusebrink : Popular literature in Europe. Perspectives in
comparative and intercultural analyses.
The article, based on examples from different 18th-century popular literatures, approaches the transnational and transcultural analysis of books with large circulations from three different angles. Firstly, the question of what is defined as 'popular literature' in different 18th-century cultures, which reflects very different means of appropriation ; secondly, the types of comparison to be established between phenomena which are both similar and different, such as the 'Bibliothèque bleue' in France and the 'Literatura del cordel' in Spain ; finally, intercultural relations, concerning forms of exchange between different cultures. Here we deal in particular with modes of translation and intercultural transfers, taking the example of popular almanachs (like the Almanack du père Gérard translated into German and the Messager boiteux / Hinkende Boten).
Nouveaux instruments de la recherche
Authors: Ferrand Nathalie 
Published: June 2016

Nathalie Ferrand : New research tools.
This article aims at showing, on the basis of an analysis of some significant examples, how the internet and electronic tools can contribute to 18th-century research. We look at the use of Web servers for making available rare texts, publishing articles in electronic learned journals, and organising collective research. Also discussed is the use of specialised discussion lists and the new parameters for electronic editions of 18th-century works on CD-rom, DVD and the internet.
Guerre et paix chez Rousseau
Authors: Lepan Géraldine 
Published: June 2016

Géraldine Lepan : War and peace in Rousseau.
Through an analysis of war in Rousseau, the purpose is to bring out his originality within the contractual and natural law movements. Rousseau explicitly opposes Hobbes by showing that war is a social phenomenon and he opposes all theorisation of a just war, but he is also sceptical about plans for peace. Thus the theory of the social contract and the republicanism connected with it can be seen in a new and problematic light, for there is a total contradiction between man and citizen and between the vague feeling of humanity and civic duty. The values of citizenship and patriotism tend towards particularism, moral and political heroism, martial virtues and even national hatred, while peace can only be envisaged separate from politics. Thus this theme enables us to see the limits of Rousseau's political reflection.
Les deux grands tournants du siècle des Lumières
Authors: Baridon Michel 
Published: June 2016

Michel Baridon : Science and esthetics, the two main turning-points of the 18th Century.
The present study attempts to show why the growing influence of Newtonianism in the period 1700-1750 led to the development of the novel and to the degeometrization of forms in the visual arts. It also tries to show why things changed again after 1750, when new advances in the life sciences and in chemistry led to the coining of a new term, 'perfectibility', which created an interest in Utopia and developed more extreme forms of sensibility. This explains the success of the Gothic novel, the regeometrization of architecture by Boullée and Ledoux and the frequent use of the spiral by painters and landscape gardeners.
Esthétique et épistémologie sensualiste
Authors: O'Neal John C 
Published: June 2016

John C. O'Neal : Esthetics and sensationist physiology.
In the process of unfolding the theory of sensationism, the writings of Condillac, Bonnet and Helvétius also provide indirectly an aesthetic treatise for the literature of their time, and richly suggest useful ways in which novelists might develop their characters, plots and narratives as well as affect and shape the attitudes of their readers. Simply put, a theory of the mind can be used as a theory of literature. And conversely, although to a lesser extent, a theory of the mind can at times have literary qualities.
Quelques aspects de l'interaction entre la science, la technique et les beaux-arts
Authors: Wine Humphrey 
Published: June 2016

Humphrey Wine : Some aspects of the interaction between science, technology and art.
The first part of this article considers some of the new materials and technical possibilities which became available to artists during the 18th Century. Among these was the invention of new pigments, Prussian blue early in the century and Scheele's green in 1775. Painters welcomed in particular new or refined pigments which would be longer-lasting, easier to apply and more brilliant in hue. Also considered are technical improvements made, or claimed, in relation to pastel painting, methods of restoration and reproductive prints. The second part of the article is concerned with how men of science were represented by painters and sculptors. Works by Chardin, Wright of Derby, J.-L. David and Roubiliac are among those considered.