bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luminal disequilibrium pH and ammonia transport in outer medullary collecting duct
Authors: Star Robert A. , Burg Maurice B. , Knepper Mark A. 
Published: December 2017

We measured bicarbonate, ammonia, and luminal pH in segments of the rabbit outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD) to determine the relationship between luminal pH and ammonia transport. Both the inner-stripe and outer-stripe portions of the OMCD absorbed bicarbonate at high rates. The outer stripe OMCD generated an acidic pH disequilibrium that was reversibly dissipated by exogenous luminal carbonic anhydrase. In contrast, the inner stripe OMCD did not generate a spontaneous pH disequilibrium unless perfused with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide. Ammonia secretion was three times more rapid in the outer stripe OMCD than in the inner stripe OMCD. We conclude the following. 1) Both the inner-stripe and outer-stripe portions of the rabbit OMCD secrete protons at substantial rates. 2) Functional luminal carbonic anhydrase is present in the inner stripe OMCD but absent from the outer stripe OMCD. 3) Ammonia secretion occurs predominantly by NH3, diffusion in both portions. 4) The luminal pH disequilibrium, which is normally present in the outer stripe OMCD, enhances ammonia secretion. ammonia; ammonium; bicarbonate; diffusion trapping; nonionic diffusion; carbonic anhydrase; disequilibrium pH; fluorescence spectroscopy; hydrogen ion secretion; carbonic acid; acetazolamide; heterogeneity Submitted on September 15, 1986 Accepted on January 15, 1987
Direct evaluation of the microvascular actions of ANP in juxtamedullary nephrons
Authors: Veldkamp Peter J. , Carmines Pamela K. , Inscho Edward W. , Navar L. Gabriel 
Published: December 2017

Page F440: Peter J. Veldkamp, Pamela K. Carmines, Edward W. Inscho, and L. Gabriel Navar. “Direct evaluation of the microvascular actions of ANP in juxtamedullary nephrons.” Page F442: because of the disappointing quality of Fig. 1, the figure is reproduced here. (See PDF)
Differential regulation of rat glomerular and proximal tubular renin mRNA following uninephrectomy
Authors: Tank J. E. , Moe O. W. , Star R. A. , Henrich W. L. 
Published: December 2017

Pages F776–F783: J. E. Tank, O. W. Moe, R. A. Star, and W. L. Henrich. “Differential regulation of rat glomerular and proximal tubular renin mRNA following uninephrectomy.” On p. F779, a registration error during printing caused the Southern blots of Fig. 2 to be misaligned with respect to the line graphs. The correct image of Fig. 2 is shown below. (See PDF)
Rapid redistribution and inhibition of renal sodium transporters during acute pressure natriuresis
Authors: Zhang Y. , Mircheff A. K. , Hensley C. B. , Magyar C. E. , Warnock D. G. , Chambrey R. , Yip K. -P. , Marsh D. J. , Holstein-Rathlou N. -H. , McDonough A. A. 
Published: December 2017

Pages F1004–F1014: Y. Zhang, A. K. Mircheff, C. B. Hensley, C. E. Magyar, D. G. Warnock, R. Chambrey, K.-P. Yip, D. J. Marsh, N.-H. Holstein-Rathlou, and A. A. McDonough. “Rapid redistribution and inhibition of renal sodium transporters during acute pressure natriuresis.” The immunoblot panels in Figures 2 and 5–7 were inadvertently printed from low-resolution copies of the original artwork; in addition, the panels in Fig. 6 were incorrectly labeled. The correct figures are reproduced on the following pages. (See PDF)
Understanding pulmonary gas exchange: ventilation-perfusion relationships
Authors: West John B. 
Published: December 2017

This essay looks at the historical significance of four APS classic papers that are freely available online:Fenn WO, Rahn H, and Otis AB. A theoretical study of the composition of the alveolar air at altitude. Am J Physiol 146: 637—653, 1946 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/146/5/637 ).Rahn H. A concept of mean alveolar air and the ventilation-bloodflow relationships during pulmonary gas exchange. Am J Physiol 158: 21—30, 1949 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/158/1/21 ).Riley RL and Cournand A. “Ideal” alveolar air and the analysis of ventilation-perfusion relationships in the lungs. J Appl Physiol 1: 825—847, 1949 ( http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/1/12/825 ).Riley RL and Cournand A. Analysis of factors affecting partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in gas and blood of lungs: theory. J Appl Physiol 4: 77—101, 1951 ( http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/4/2/77 ).
Adverse Effects on β‐Adrenergic Receptor Coupling: Ischemic Postconditioning Failed to Preserve Long‐Term Cardiac Function
Authors: Schreckenberg Rolf , Bencsik Péter , Weber Martin , Abdallah Yaser , Csonka Csaba , Gömöri Kamilla , Kiss Krisztina , Pálóczi János , Pipis Judit , Sárközy Márta , Ferdinandy Péter , Schulz Rainer , Schlüter Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: December 2017

Background

Ischemic preconditioning (
IPC
) and ischemic postconditioning (
IP
oC) are currently among the most efficient strategies protecting the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the effect of
IPC
and
IP
oC on functional recovery following ischemia/reperfusion is less clear, particularly with regard to the specific receptor‐mediated signaling of the postischemic heart. The current article examines the effect of
IPC
or
IP
oC on the regulation and coupling of β‐adrenergic receptors and their effects on postischemic left ventricular function.

Methods and Results

The β‐adrenergic signal transduction was analyzed in 3‐month‐old Wistar rats for each of the intervention strategies (Sham, ischemia/reperfusion,
IPC
,
IP
oC) immediately and 7 days after myocardial infarction. Directly after the infarction a cardioprotective potential was demonstrated for both
IPC
and
IP
oC: the infarct size was reduced, apoptosis and production of reactive oxygen species were lowered, and the myocardial tissue was preserved. Seven days after myocardial ischemia, only
IPC
hearts showed significant functional improvement. Along with a deterioration in fractional shortening,
IP
oC hearts no longer responded adequately to β‐adrenergic stimulation. The stabilization of β‐adrenergic receptor kinase‐2 via increased phosphorylation of Mdm2 (an E3‐ubiquitin ligase) was responsible for desensitization of β‐adrenergic receptors and identified as a characteristic specific to
IP
oC hearts.

Conclusions
Immediately after myocardial infarction, rapid and transient activation of β‐adrenergic receptor kinase‐2 may be an appropriate means to protect the injured heart from excessive stress. In the long term, however, induction and stabilization of β‐adrenergic receptor kinase‐2, with the resultant loss of positive inotropic function, leads to the functional picture of heart failure.
What influences physical activity provision in after-school childcare in the absence of policy guidance? A qualitative exploration
Authors: MacFarlane Kendra , Wharf Higgins Joan , Naylor Patti-Jean 
Published: December 2017

Objective: This study explored factors affecting the implementation of good-quality physical activity provision in after-school childcare delivered in a Canadian jurisdiction without specific policy, standards or active interventions aimed at increasing physical activity underway. Design: Case study design theoretically guided by the implementation literature. Method: Of the 80 childcare centres in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 50 were eligible or available to participate. Managers from centres who agreed to participate responded to direct recruitment ( n = 9); an additional seven staff were recruited through snowball sampling (n = 7). Semi-structured interviews explored macro-, organisational- and individual-level factors influencing implementation. Coding strategies suggested by grounded theory (open, axial and selective), constant comparison with the literature and an a priori conceptual framework were used to analyse the data. Results: Three primary themes (‘Being confined’, ‘Working together to pull it off’ and ‘It takes skill’) and three subthemes (‘It’s a moving target’, ‘We have to make do’ and ‘Centre rules and routines dictate practice’) emerged from the analysis. Conclusion: The study contributes to the understanding of facilitators and barriers to the implementation of good-quality physical activity provision in typical after-school childcare centres. This information can inform guideline and implementation resource development.
Familial hypercholesterolaemia patient–determined themes for community-engaged research
Authors: DeAngelis Erik J , McIntosh Scott , Ahmed Catherine D , Block Robert C 
Published: December 2017

Objective: To determine individual and group patient ideas and priorities regarding ways to enhance their own health care while providing a supportive environment including a clinical lipidologist and other medical experts. The intent was to transform these ideas and priorities into hypotheses for future research while enhancing current health promotion practice. Design: Communication between patients and medical professionals occurred via individual and group meetings, including group meetings in a non-medical campus location in the community of Rochester, New York. Setting: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder that causes elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from birth and premature cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, <10% of affected patients are diagnosed, which carries implications for knowledge and treatment. Patients’ perceptions regarding their own health and others affected by FH have not been described via a direct partnership between patients and medical professionals. Method: Qualitative data were collected and thematic coding methods were used to identify underlying themes. Results: Themes identified from patient-led discussions included knowledge regarding FH; the importance of being diagnosed with FH; communication between patients, their family members and medical professionals; outreach including via their own roles as advocates and using electronic medical records; and awareness of effective treatments. Conclusion: Patients with FH have a great deal to contribute concerning how the medical system approaches them before and after diagnosis as well as research hypotheses that should be of high priority. Taking their ideas into account could improve the very insufficient and life-threatening rate of diagnosis, as well as enhance patient self-empowerment.
Epidemiological patterns of mental disorders and stigma in a community household survey in urban slum and rural settings in Kenya
Authors: Mutiso Victoria N , Musyimi Christine W , Tomita Andrew , Loeffen Lianne , Burns Jonathan K , Ndetei David M 
Published: December 2017

Purpose: This study investigated the epidemiological patterns of mental illness and stigma in community households in Kenya using a cross-sectional community household survey among 846 participants. Methods: A cross-sectional community household survey was conducted around urban slum (Kangemi) and rural (Kibwezi) selected health facilities in Kenya. All households within the two sites served by the selected health facilities were included in the study. To select the main respondent in the household, the oldest adult who could speak English, Kiswahili or both (the official languages in Kenya) was selected to participate in the interview. The Opinion about Mental Illness in Chinese Community (OMICC) questionnaire and the MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview–Plus Version 5 (MINI) tools were administered to the participants. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare prevalence according to gender, while adjusted regression models examined the association between mental illness and views about mental illness, stratified by gender. Results: The overall prevalence of mental illness was 45%, showing gender differences regarding common types of illness. The opinions about mental illness were similar for men and women, while rural respondents were more positively opinionated than urban participants. Overall, suffering from mental illness was associated with more positive opinions among women and more negative opinions among men. Conclusion: More research is needed into the factors explaining the observed differences in opinion about mental illness between the subgroups, and the impact of mental illness on stigma in Kenya in order to create an evidence-based approach against stigma.
Effect of direct and indirect contact with mental illness on dangerousness and social distance
Authors: Lee Minhwa , Seo Mikyung 
Published: December 2017

Background: This study is based on the contact hypothesis that contact with mental illness is the most effective anti-stigma strategy. Aims: This study aims to analyze which form of contact can most effectively decrease the dangerousness and social distance associated with schizophrenia, depression and alcoholism. Method: In total, 573 Korean adults ( Mage = 43.71 years, standard deviation ( SD) = 13.41; 54.1% male, 45.9% female) were surveyed about randomly assigned vignettes of schizophrenia, depression and alcoholism. The participants were questioned on the dangerousness and social distance associated with the assigned vignette, as well as direct and indirect contact experience with the mental illness. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the main effect and interaction effect that the type of mental illness and contact experience have on the two dependent variables (dangerousness and social distance). Results: The findings show that the type of mental illness has a significant main effect on dangerousness and social distance, but contact type only has a significant main effect on social distance. Moreover, the two independent variables (mental illness subtype and contact experience) have an interaction effect on two dependent variables (dangerousness and social distance). Therefore, the anti-stigma effect of contact varies according to the type of mental illness. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that appropriate anti-stigma strategies are required for each type of mental illness. Considering that opportunities for direct contact with persons with mental illness are highly limited, it is necessary to actively utilize indirect contact.
Reflections on Teaching and Learning the Arts: A Middle-Grade Classroom and a High School for the Arts
Authors: Barilla Rosemary , Brown Tina Boyer 
Published: December 2017

In this article, Rosemary Barilla, a middle-grade language arts teacher, inspired by her own dedication to the arts, describes the ways she integrates the fine arts into her classroom program that is designed to teach reading and writing. She notes, My priority is to address and teach the language arts standards, and I believe that to do so in good faith is to teach a well-versed understanding of how to “read” and write various texts, whether the text is in the form of a painting, a song, a play, or a novella. (p. 12)
Adolescent Pregnancy Outcomes Among Sisters and Mothers: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study Using Linkable Administrative Data
Authors: Wall-Wieler Elizabeth , Roos Leslie L. , Nickel Nathan C. 
Published: December 2017

Objectives: Female family members affect both the likelihood of adolescent pregnancy and the outcome of that pregnancy. We examined the degree to which an older sister’s adolescent reproductive outcomes affect her younger sister’s reproductive behavior, and whether relationships in adolescent pregnancy among sisters born to adolescent mothers differ from those born to nonadolescent mothers. Methods: We followed a birth cohort in Manitoba, Ontario, Canada, to age 20 using linkable administrative databases housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. The cohort consisted of 12 391 girls born in Manitoba between April 1, 1984, and March 31, 1996, who had 1 older sister. We used logistic regression models to examine the relationships among familial adolescent pregnancy outcomes. Results: Compared with adolescent girls whose older sister did not have an adolescent pregnancy, adolescent girls whose older sister had an adolescent pregnancy were more likely to have a pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.57), regardless of whether that pregnancy was completed (aOR = 2.56) or terminated (aOR = 2.59). Relationships in adolescent pregnancy among sisters were much stronger for those born to nonadolescent mothers (aOR = 3.16 [older sister completed adolescent pregnancy] and 3.18 [older sister terminated adolescent pregnancy]) than to adolescent mothers (aOR = 1.65 [older sister completed adolescent pregnancy] and 1.77 [older sister terminated adolescent pregnancy]). For younger sisters having an adolescent pregnancy, the odds of her completing the pregnancy were reduced if her older sister had terminated an adolescent pregnancy and her mother had not been an adolescent mother (aOR = 0.38). Conclusions: Younger sisters of adolescents who had a pregnancy may benefit from targeted interventions to reduce their likelihood of adolescent pregnancies.
Authority of Pharmacists to Administer Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Alignment of State Laws With Age-Level Recommendations
Authors: Dingman Deirdre A. , Schmit Cason D. 
Published: December 2017

Objectives: One strategy to increase the uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among adolescents is through the use of pharmacists. Our objectives were to (1) use a publicly available database to describe the statutory and regulatory authority of pharmacists to administer the HPV vaccine in the United States and (2) discuss how the current status of laws may influence achievement of the Healthy People 2020 goal of 80% HPV vaccination rate for teenagers aged 13-15. Methods: Using information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Public Health Law Program database, we identified state laws in effect as of January 1, 2016, giving pharmacists authority to administer vaccines. We used a standardized analysis algorithm to determine whether states’ laws (1) authorized pharmacists to administer HPV vaccine, (2) required third-party authorization for pharmacist administration, and (3) restricted HPV vaccine administration by pharmacists to certain patient age groups. Results: Of 50 states and the District of Columbia, 40 had laws expressly granting pharmacists authority to administer HPV vaccine to patients, but only 22 had laws that authorized pharmacists to vaccinate preadolescents aged 11 or 12 (ie, the CDC-recommended age group). Pharmacists were granted prescriptive authority by 5 states, and they were given authority pursuant to general (non–patient-specific) third-party authorization (eg, a licensed health care provider) by 32 states or patient-specific third-party authorization by 3 states. Conclusions: Most states permitted pharmacists to administer HPV vaccines only to boys and girls older than 11 or 12, which may hinder achievement of the Healthy People 2020 goal for HPV vaccination. Efforts should be made to strengthen the role of pharmacists in addressing this public health issue.
A 90-year-old man with factious disorder: Separating fact from fiction
Authors: Amladi Anjani K , DePry Dwayne R 
Published: December 2017

Objective Factitious disorders are known to exist in the medical community but are not commonly diagnosed in clinical practice. The majority of the literature on factitious disorder comes from case reports or case series. This particular case is unusual because it describes a patient who initially presented with purely physical complaints, but over time, the symptoms transitioned into predominantly psychiatric concerns. This case describes the patient's unique presentation and is followed by a discussion of the management of factitious disorder. Methods The patient was seen during the course of an inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. Electronic chart review was conducted, and information from each prior hospitalization was gathered between the dates of first initial documented presentation available in the electronic record in 1995 to most recent hospitalization in 2017. Results The patient still continues to present to the emergency department. Upon each presentation, staff work to objectively assess his complaints to be sure that there is no true underlying medical emergency. There is also a focus on providing non-judgmental, supportive, and compassionate care. Conclusion This case highlights the importance of corroborating objective findings with the patient's subjective reports gathered during a history and physical, and to recognize that patients with this disorder can present to any specialty. Thus, the collaboration between specialties is critical in the care of these patients to minimize unnecessary, costly, and sometimes dangerous interventions.
From Sociological Interpretation to Political Science
Authors: Barrientos Del Monte Fernando 
Published: December 2017

From the end of the nineteenth century until well into the 1980s, one spoke of the “political sciences” (in the plural), a concept that included all the disciplines that analyzed political phenomena. “Sociological interpretation” began in the 1960s as a model of social science meant to provide both criticism and direction regarding development policies. Rodolfo Stavenhagen’s 1965 “Seven Erroneous Theses about Latin America” is an example of the role played by the political sciences at the time. Given the development of contemporary political science, which seeks dependent and independent variables and mid-range theories and bases its claims on empirical information, the question arises what Latin American political science can (re) learn from the interpretive model employed 50 years ago. Desde finales del siglo XIX y todavía en los años ochenta del siglo XX se hablaba de “ciencias políticas” (en plural), concepto en el cual se incluían todas aquellas disciplinas que analizaban los fenómenos políticos. La “interpretación sociológica” se erigió en la década de los años sesenta como un modelo de ciencia social que formulaba críticas pero también orientaba políticas de desarrollo. “Siete tesis equivocadas sobre América Latina” (1965) de Rodolfo Stavenhagen es un ejemplo del ejercicio de las ciencias políticas de la época. A la luz del desarrollo de la ciencia política contemporánea, que busca variables dependientes e independientes y teorías de alcance medio y funda sus afirmaciones a partir de información empírica, se trata de responder a la pregunta qué puede (re)aprender la ciencia política latinoamericana del modelo interpretativo de hace cincuenta años.
A framework for building-related carbon coefficients and primary energy factors for networked electricity supplies
Authors: Hitchin Roger 
Published: December 2017

This Technical Note describes a framework for handling the inherent complexities of carbon emission and primary energy factors for networked electricity supply systems within building energy codes and similar policy instruments. The proposed framework reflects the main characteristics of carbon emissions from such networked supplies, while retaining a level of complexity (and simplification) comparable to that of procedures used in existing building energy codes. The main issues that are addressed are the time-varying nature of factors for networked supply, the impact of variability and curtailment for variable and intermittent renewable sources of electricity and relationship between “marginal” factors and “average” factors. These are important issues as the currently common use of annual system-average factors can result in misleading guidance as to the most effective ways of reducing carbon emissions or primary energy demand. The note first explains the relationship between building energy performance ratings and networked electric supplies. It then discusses the characteristics of electricity demand and the networked supply systems before proposing and discussing the framework. Practical application: A framework that can improve the reliability of building energy performance rating based on carbon emissions or primary energy factors.