bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postmodernism and the Church: An Opportunity and a Challenge
Authors: Hynes Timothy 
Published: December 2016

Postmodernism is, in many respects, a term that has lost most of its cultural and academic cachet. This does not, however, mean that the themes, context, and conditions to which it referred are no longer relevant. In this essay, I will briefly review the latest reports which show a decreasing interest in organized religion, and interpret these results as symptomatic of a larger change in the state of knowledge. To this end, I will examine Jean­‑François Lyotard’s analysis of the loss of metanarratives as a way of understanding the implicit rules of the dialogue that occurs between the theist and the atheist or agnostic. Next, I will note the unique capacity of beauty to transcend the diverse language games played by both sides of the conversation. I will conclude by contending that this characteristic of beauty offers a kind of common ground which can be built upon, fostering further dialogue as well as an opportunity for evangelization.
Willingness to Communicate, Linguistic Self-confidence, and Language-use Anxiety: The Iranian EFL Context
Authors: Ghanbarpour Mahsa 
Published: December 2016

Functioning as a mediating factor between having communicative competence in the target language and putting this competence to use, willingness to communicate (WTC) has enjoyed scholars’ attention in the field of second language acquisition (SLA). The present quantitative study examined the contribution of Iranian EFL learners’ linguistic self-confidence in their proficiency and language-use anxiety to their WTC level as well as the possible impact of age and gender on learners’ reported L2 WTC. 188 university students, who were randomly selected, filled in a questionnaire, and correlation analyses, one-way between-groups ANOVA, independent-samples t-test, and standard multiple regression were run to analyze the collected data. Results indicated that L2 self-confidence made a significant contribution to the prediction of L2 WTC. Moreover, it was found that learners’ age and gender did not make a statistical difference to their WTC. The findings could inform debates on the theory and practice of WTC and feed into further pertinent research in second language pedagogy.
Reabilitação Estética em Dentes Anteriores Permanentes Traumatizados
Authors: Coutinho Emerson Felipe 
Published: December 2016

A estética dental é considerada um fator importante de inclusão social para a maioria das pessoas. Esta também influência no comportamento social e autoestima das crianças, pois muitas demonstram insegurança ao sorrirem, brincarem ou socializarem-se. A perda de parte da estrutura dentária compromete significantemente a vida desta criança. Dentre as fraturas dentais 96% acometem os incisivos centrais superiores permanentes, a maioria destes traumatismos acontecem na infância, 13% incluem crianças menores de 12 anos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o caso de uma criança de 7 anos de idade, que sofreu um traumatismo nos elementos 11 e 21, com grande perda dos ângulos mesio-incisais das estruturas dentárias e sem comprometimento pulpar. Baseado na idade do paciente e na preocupação em preservar os elementos dentários, o tratamento de escolha para o caso foram restaurações adesivas diretas, estas foram confeccionadas com resina nanohíbrida, IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar, Vivadent Ltda.). Este material é considerado de excelente padrão estético, possui translucência, fluorescência, textura e brilho superfície semelhantes aos da estrutura perdida. A reconstrução dentária através de restauração adesiva direta de Incisivos Centrais Superiores apesar de ser considerada um grande desafio para o profissional, é capaz de mimetizar os dentes naturais do paciente, restabelecendo a estética dental e do sorriso de forma natural, devolvendo as corretas funções dos dentes, tanto na mastigação como na fonação do paciente.
The Portuguese Settlement on the Coromandel Coast, a Case Study of San Thome and Nagapattinam in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Shngreiyo A S 
Published: December 2016

<div><p><em>T</em><em>he origin of the Saint Thomas, who is believed to be buried at Mylapur gradually led to the emergence of San Thome as an important trading post for the Portuguese in the Coromandel Coast. The Portuguese discovered the remnants of the Saint when they excavated the place and it become a major influence in their settlement of the town called San Thome. San Thome slowly developed as an urban center in the sixteenth century. The chapter also attempts to show the crucial role that the Portuguese played in the process of urbanization and in the social and political spheres as well. Down the coast lies another Portuguese port called Nagapattinam probable it was the first Portuguese to settle at Coromandel Coast in the 1520s. The first Portuguese settlers were mostly private traders interested in the rice trade to Sri Lanka. Later it become one of the flourishing ports as many individual Portuguese settle down and do commerce. It is said that more than seven hundred sailing vessels were frequently docked at the same time on the river. Every year these vessels carried more than twenty thousand measures of rice from here to the western Coast of India. The trade here attracted merchants from all parts of India as well as from Pegu, Malacca and Sumatra. However, both the port did not enjoy for long as it sweep away by the coming of other European countries in the following centuries.</em></p></div>
Peculiarities of Biomechanical Properties of Ocular Tissue in Keratoconus
Authors: Shargorodska Iryna 
Published: December 2016

Considerable achievements having been recently made in modern diagnostics and treatment of keratoconus have not diminished the urgency of the given problem as the traditional views of the pathogenesis of keratoconus do not always allow to struggle effectively with this difficult and continuously progressing disease.The objective of the research was to study the peculiarities of biomechanical properties of the cornea in keratoconus.Materials and methods. The article presents the analysis of studying biomechanical properties of the cornea in keratoconus. 44 patients (88 eyes) with keratoconus and emmetropic refraction were examined. To calculate biomechanical indicators of the cornea there was carried out the comparative analysis between the measurements obtained with the use of several methods in the same patients, namely the Oculus Pentacam-Scheimpflug imaging device by a standard technique and the indicators calculated using the method proposed by us and the device for in vivo estimation of corneal rigidity.Results. Considerable advantages of using the developed method and the device for estimation of corneal rigidity in vivo in comparison with keratotopography on the Oculus Pentacam-Scheimpflug camera were registered which allowed us not only to reveal the presence of biomechanical disorders of the cornea, but also to differentiate their character. To describe the degree of changes in biomechanical properties of the cornea in vivo the coefficient of corneal rigidity was developed.Conclusions. Loading tests allow receiving more exact information on biomechanical properties of the cornea in comparison with standard researches on the Oculus Pentacam-Scheimpflug camera.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS BERMAIN PERAN SISWA KELAS VIII SMP 1 TEPUS DENGAN TEKNIK LEARNING GAME
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno , Haryadi Haryadi 
Published: December 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan kualitas proses dan hasil pembelajaran bermain peran siswa kelas VIII SMP dengan menggunakan teknik Learning Game. Game yang digunakan adalah permainan Joko Tingkir dan permainan Tebak Peran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Guru bertindak sebagai peneliti yang bekerja sama dengan kolaborator, yakni guru Bahasa Indonesia dan Kepala Sekolah SMP 1 Tepus. Subjek penelitian yang dikenai tindakan adalah siswa kelas VIIIA SMP 1 Tepus Gunungkidul, DIY, tahun ajaran 2011/2012 yang berjumlah 34 siswa. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua siklus. Setiap siklus dibagi menjadi tiga kali pertemuan. Prosedur pelaksanaan setiap siklus terdiri atas empat tahap, yakni perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket, wawan-cara, pengamatan, dan pencermatan dokumen. Analisis dilakukan dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatif yang didukung oleh data kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan teknik Learning Game dalam pembelajaran bermain peran, kualitas proses dan hasil pembelajaran meningkat. Peningkatan kualitas proses pembelajaran meliputi aspek interaksi dan komunikasi dalam pembelajaran, kerja sama dalam kelompok, dan keseriusan dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Adapun peningkatan kualitas hasil pembelajaran meliputi kemampuan vokal, intonasi, ekspresi, dan gestur. Keempat kemampuan tersebut masing-masing mengalami peningkatan nilai rata-rata lebih dari 25%. Hal ini sesuai dengan kriteria keberhasilan tindakan yang ditetapkan. Kata Kunci: bermain peran, teknik Learning Game
PROFESSIONAL SPORT, MARKET RESTRICTIONS AND THE NBL’S PLAYER POINTS SYSTEM: A RESPONSE
Authors: Griggs Lynden 
Published: December 2016

This article is a comment on the article by Jacob Holmes in this volume entitled ‘Professional Sport and Market Restrictions: Is the Player Points System in the Australian National Basketball League an Unfair Restraint of Trade?’. It explores some of the difficulties in applying the traditional tests from Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Co Ltd and Adamson v New South Wales Rugby League Ltd to sporting organisations and concludes that ultimately, the discussion of restraint of trade and its applicability to sporting organisations highlights the limits of legal experience, and suggests that only empirical data learnt through the hard lesson of experience will yield the knowledge we need.
CHILD PROTECTION RESPONSES: NO EASY CHOICES
Authors: Lehmann Jennifer 
Published: December 2016

This is a comment on the article by Stephen Gay in this volume entitled ‘The Choice Between Adoption and Foster Care as Child Protection Responses’. It strongly supports the conclusion drawn in the primary article that a ‘blanket approach to adoption’ is unlikely to result in the best outcomes for all children in need of care. This response is based on the author’s reflections and observations of the delivery of ‘out of home care’ services over many years as a social worker with an interest in child development. It reflects on the simplistic attitudes expressed in the media and by the public in general when children have been removed and are negatively affected by their experiences in care, as well as when they are not removed and have sustained injury or death at the hands of those who are charged with their care. The article argues that the likelihood of achieving optimal outcomes in child protection is often compromised and concludes that it is time that Australia stepped up to the challenge of establishing creative and innovative options for children in need of care.
Phosphorus in lake sediments of Poland – Results of monitoring research
Authors: Bojakowska Izabela 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In 2010-2013, 528 samples of surface sediments were collected from the profundal zone of lakes to determine concentrations of phosphorus, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Na and S, as well as trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) using the ICP-OES method. Additionally, Hg concentration (by the TMA method) and organic carbon concentration (using the coulometric titration method) were also determined. Phosphorus concentration was found to range from 0.005 to 1.925% (0.109% on average). High phosphorus concentrations in sediments were reported in lakes located within and around urban areas, in lakes on which recreation centres and leisure facilities are situated, and in lakes adjoining special protection areas of birds. The phosphorus concentration in sediments shows a clear correlation with the contents of Al, Fe, Mn, S and TOC, which indicates the presence of phosphorus in both organic and inorganic forms. It also correlates with the contents of most of the trace elements examined for this study, including Zn, Hg and Pb. A certain regional variability was found; water sediments of lakes in the Masurian and Pomeranian lakelands, located in the area covered by the Pomeranian phase ice sheet, are characterised by a slightly higher phosphorus concentration compared with those from the Greater Poland Lakeland situated in the area of the Poznań phase glaciation.
De l’importance de tater le pouls
Authors: Emch-Dériaz Antoinette 
Published: December 2016

Le médecin Bordeu (1722–1776) est surtout connu comme personnage du «Rêve de d’Alembert» de Diderot. Cependant, ses écrits médicaux valent la peine d’être étudiés pour leur synthèse de la médecine des anciens et des modernes. En particulier, son traité «Recherches sur le pouls par rapport aux crises» publié en 1756 est une source remarquable pour saisir les changements subtils de sa manière et de ses raisons de prendre le pouls. Bordeu propose de se servir de la prise du pouls pour obtenir plus que la notion traditionelle de tempérament et donc de traitement du patient, il cherche à atteindre l’état de l’intérieur du corps par l’intermédiaire de la circulation du sang que le pouls manifeste. Il pense que les variations du pouls qu’il peut déceler reflètent les activites des organes internes, indiquent où se trouvent le siège de la maladie et aussi prédisent où et quand vont se produire les expulsions des matières morbides. L'étude de «Recherches sur le pouls» met en évidence comment il adapta les théories traditionnelles aussi bien que les courantes à ses fins spécifiques. De concert avec les sensationnistes, il voulait valoriser l'emploi du toucher pour accroître les connaissances médicales. Bordeu se concentra sur la prise du pouls, alors qu'Auenbrugger (1728- 1809) choisit la percussion thoracique. Les deux médecins s'efforçaient de découvrir le moyen de créer dans l'esprit du médecin, par l'intermédiaire de sensations, une image de l'intérieur du corps. Bordeu poursuivant son penchant vitaliste utilisa la prise du pouls pour atteindre les fonctions; Auenbnigger embrassant sa propension mecanistique employa la percussion pour révéler l'organe. Très justement, tous les deux insistaient qu'ils pouvaient par leur méthode détecter des pathologies insoupçonnées. De nos jours la percussion est toujours utilisée, alors que tâter le pouls est souvent négligé.
Almonte’s Great Train Disaster: Shaping Nurses’ Roles and the Civilian Use of Blood Transfusion
Authors: Toman Cynthia 
Published: December 2016

Blood transfusion was initially a small-scale, labour-intensive therapy administered by physicians. Through the first decades of the 20th century, transfusion comprised a lJiast resort" measure used and tested primarily in the context of war. Media accounts of the Almonte train disaster on the night of 27 December 1942 linked survival to the newly established blood bank located 42 km east in Ottawa, Ontario. This event did not constitute a "first time"occurrence or a "great discovery" in the history of blood. But it did illustrate in a very visible and public manner that blood transfusion technology was now readily available for use in general hospitals and civilian populations. Canada had an infrastructure for the collection, processing, storage, and transportation of blood products, and for the recruitment of blood donors by the mid-1940s. As the need for blood declined toward the end of World War n, transfusion became a technology in need of application. The extension of transfusion to civilian populations, however, would require a ready source of labourincreased numbers of health care workers who were available continuously with the necessary knowledge and skills to assume the responsibility. Nurses were well situated for this technological role by a convergence of scientific, economic, labour, gender, professional, and educational influences that both facilitated and constrained blood transfusion as a nursing competency. This paper examines how the expanded use of one medical technology shaped related roles for nurses. lransfusion ultimately influenced nurses' work and the composition of the workforce as the first medical act"delegated" to nurses in Ontario (1947), setting a precedent for the delegation of further technologies over the next four decades.
Parting at the Crossroads: The Emergence of Education for Psychiatric Nursing in Three Canadian Provinces, 1909–1955
Authors: Tipliski Veryl Margaret 
Published: December 2016

Early in the 20th century, nursing emerged as an essential part of psychiatry's attempt to provide scientific care for insanity. Throughout Canada psychiatric nursing is a specialty of general or registered nursing. In Western Canada, however, it is also a separate and distinct profession known as registered psychiatric nursing (RPN). To further the study of nursing history, this paper examines the emergence and early development of mental hospital nursing in Canada, tracing the changing patterns of nurse training from 1909, when Ontario's asylum training school movement was established, to 1955, when education for psychiatric nursing split along the Manitoba-Ontario border into two models. Through case studies in three provinces (Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan), this study examines the question of how Canadian psychiatric nursing developed into two entirely different models. During the 20th century, an interplay of social, political and economic factors emerged which shaped the development of psychiatric nursing and influenced the evolution of the two models. In addition, there were forces within nursing itself, including the effects of specific strategic decisions taken by nursing's leaders and the continuing role of nurses' resistance to the authority expressed by those within the medical profession. The development of psychiatric nursing is best understood by focusing on the point where psychiatry's authority intersected with the gendered limitations of nursing's leaders. This struggle represented a contest for control over education for mental hospital nursing. This paper argues that the turning point in the battle for control of Canadian education for psychiatric nursing occurred when nurse leaders refused to allow the specialty of psychiatric nursing to be taken over by an expanding psychiatricmonopoly. The distinct psychiatrist-controlled Western Canadian-style apprenticeship training was halted at the Manitoba-Ontario border. That nursing leaders persevered in the struggle to gain authority for psychiatric nursing education was a significant contribution to the development of Canadian nursing education and the psychiatric nursing specialty. Remnants of the themes found in the study endure to the present as organized nursing continues to struggle with issues around autonomy and authority over education and practice.
“The Infant Soldier”: The Great War and the Medical Campaign for Child Welfare
Authors: Abeele Cynthia R 
Published: December 2016

Interest in infant mortality originally stirred within Canadian social reform circles at the turn of the century. The emergent child welfare movement gathered strength with the impact of the Great War. The casualties of war strengthened anxieties about race suicide and national degeneration. As a result, Canadian reformers were called to rally around "the infant soldier" in the name of the future health and glory of the nation. The solution proposed by these reformers took the form of parent education, based on scientific principles, in a conscious attempt to modernize Canadian childhood by means of closely-supervised and regulated childrearing methods. Canadian parents—especially mothers since the childrearing task fell largely to them—were believed to be handicapped in their parenting duties by an ignorance which could be remedied only through expert tutoring. The new experts, and leaders of the campaign, were predominantly members of the medical profession. The purpose of this study is to examine the child welfare campaign in Ontario from the turn of the century through the Great War, with special emphasis on the war's impact. Physicians were the foremost proponents of "modern" parenting. The influence of medical leadership in this area was a measure of their ability to make Canadian parents recognize their own inadequacy in raising their children without the help of modern scientific instruction. In order to attain the aims of their movement and to justify their increasing influence and social status, the medical experts needed parents who wanted to be informed. They participated in the creation of a need and then strove to become the predominant source of its attenuation.
Revolution and Rebellion: Students in Soviet Institutes of Higher Education, 1921-1928
Authors: Konecny Peter 
Published: December 2016

This article examines the reactions of students to political and social changes in Soviet institutes of higher education during the period of the New Economic Policy (N.E.P.) in Soviet Russia. While the subject has been examined by Soviet historians, previous work has lacked a discussion of dissent, deviant behaviour and socio-cultural conflicts among students beyond the traditional explanation of “counter-revolutionary” versus “revolutionary” students. The contrast of official state policies against continuities and changes in student behaviour reveals fundamental contradictions in the attempts of the Communist Party and the Commissariat of Enlightenment to produce a new generation of politically loyal, socially active and well-trained students. Discussion of student reactions to the state’s attempts to impose greater authority over academic institutions and student lifestyles suggests that generational and cultural gaps were not successfully bridged by the introduction of new ideologies and policies on campus. As the larger political and economic issues always dominated discussion of student issues during this period, the gap between policy and practice indicates that many students had not yet embraced the essential demands of the new Bolshevik educational strategy. Student attitudes toward academic work, their living situation and each other, as well as aspects of state authority in higher schools, are discussed in this context. Student behaviour was often determined by their material situation or peer pressure in a communal living situation. The Communist Party often linked deviant behaviour among students with counter-revolutionary activities. The result of this was a series of purges, the largest occurring in 1924, which changed both the social composition and the attitudes of the student body. By the end of N.E.P., many pro-Bolshevik students had become cynical, ambivalent or even hostile to the regime’s political goals in higher education.