bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zachowania przestrzenne klientów centrów handlowych – przykład Łodzi
Authors: Rochmińska Agnieszka 
Published: July 2016

Przemiany ustrojowe i gospodarcze w Polsce w latach 90. XX wieku wpłynęły na funkcjonowanie handlu w Polsce. Na rynku polskim pojawiły się nowe rodzaje placówek handlowych, w tym centra handlowe, wpływając tym samym na zmiany w zagospodarowaniu miast lub ich części oraz na zachowania ich mieszkańców i innych pod- miotów. W związku z powyższymi zmianami, których proces nie jest jeszcze zakończony, w artykule przedstawiono rozwój oraz charakterystykę centrów handlowych z artykułami FMCG w Łodzi. Głównym celem była jednak próba zastanowienia się nad wieloaspektowością terminu „zachowania przestrzenne” często stosownym tylko do zachowań ludności (klientów) oraz zaprezentowanie elementów związanych z tymi zachowaniami. Zachowania przestrzenne związane z pojawieniem się w przestrzeni Łodzi centrów handlowych podlegały i nadal podlegają zmianom. Z jednej strony jest to związane z przekształceniami przestrzeni wynikającymi z budowy tych nowoczesnych kompleksów i ich oddziaływaniem na otoczenie (C.H. zmieniły krajobraz wielu obszarów miasta wpływając m.in. na zmiany w zagospodarowaniu, strukturę podmiotów gospodarczych, inwestycje infrastrukturalne, reorganizację ruchu drogowego). Z drugiej strony ich lokalizacja i atrakcyjność wpływają na zachowania przestrzenne i nabywcze mieszkańców.
Monitorización web de señales industriales usando sistemas embebidos (Web monitoring of industrial signals using embedded systems)
Authors: Romero Molano Cesar Augusto 
Published: July 2016

El artículo presenta el diseño de software y hardware para un sistema de monitorización web de señales industriales. Este prototipo proporciona una interfaz web en la cual se puede observar en tiempo real el estado de un máximo de cuatro señales industriales del tipo on-off. En el diseño se utilizó un microcontrolador MSP432 encargado del muestreo y transmisión de las señales monitoreadas a una Raspberry PI, la cual recibe por un enlace UART los datos monitoreados del MSP432 y los presenta en el front-end de la aplicación web de manera inmediata. El prototipo diseñado fue verificado con una aplicación neumática formada por cuatro cilindros de efecto simple, y se observó una eficiente sincronización entre la ocurrencia del evento de activación o cambio en el estado de cualquiera de los cilindros monitoreados y su publicación web.
Viscous-Fingering Function for Unstable Immiscible Flows
Authors: Doorwar Shashvat , Mohanty Kishore K. 
Published: July 2016

Summary
Displacement of viscous oils often involves unstable immiscible flow. Viscous instability and its influence on relative permeability were studied in this work at different viscosity ratios, injection rates, and domain widths. Micromodels and pore-scale models were used to visually inspect the interplay of viscous and capillary forces in the viscous-dominated regime. A new dimensionless scaling parameter, NI=(vwμwσow)(μoμw)2(D2/K), was developed that is useful in predicting the recoveries of unstable displacements at various viscosity ratios and injection rates. The scaling parameter showed excellent fit with experimental data of 68 corefloods. A lumped finger model was developed to modify multiphase flow equations and to yield pseudorelative permeability functions that account for viscous fingering. The parameters of the lumped model can be estimated from the new dimensionless number, NI. This pseudorelative permeability function could be applied at each gridblock on the basis of the local NI to simulate large-scale unstable floods in water-wet porous media.
Finite-Element Simulation of a Hydraulic Fracture Interacting With a Natural Fracture
Authors: Chen Zuorong , Jeffrey Robert G. , Zhang Xi , Kear James 
Published: July 2016

Summary
In this paper, the problem of a hydraulic fracture (HF) interacting with a pre-existing natural fracture (NF) has been investigated with a cohesive zone finite-element model. The model fully couples fluid flow, fracture propagation, and elastic deformation, taking into account the friction between the contacting fracture surfaces and the interaction between the HF and the NF. The effect of the field conditions—such as in-situ stresses, rock and fracture mechanical and geometrical (initial conductivity of the NF) properties, intersection angle, and the treatment parameters (fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate)—on the HF propagation behavior has been analyzed. The finite-element-modeling results provide detailed quantitative information on the development of various types of HF/NF interaction, interfacial stress distribution, fracture-geometry evolution, and injection-pressure history, and allow us to gain an in-depth understanding of the relative roles of various parameters. The value of a parameter calculated as the product of fracturing-fluid viscosity and injection rate can be used as an indicator to gauge if crossing or diverting behavior is more likely. In addition, using a finite-element approach allows the analysis to be extended to include the effects of fluid leakoff and poroelastic effect, and allows the study of HF height growth through a system of nonhomogeneous layers and their bedding planes.
A Theory for Relative Permeability of Unconventional Rocks With Dual-Wettability Pore Network
Authors: Yassin Mahmood Reza , Dehghanpour Hassan , Wood James , Lan Qing 
Published: July 2016

Summary
Recent studies show that the pore network of unconventional rocks, such as gas shales, generally consists of inorganic and organic parts. The organic part is strongly oil-wet and preferentially imbibes the oleic phase. In contrast, the inorganic part is usually hydrophilic and preferentially imbibes the aqueous phase. Conventional theories of relative permeability, which are based on uniform wettability, cannot be applied to determine phase permeability in unconventional rocks with dual-wettability behavior. The objective of this paper is to extend the previous theories to model relative permeability of dual-wettability systems in which oleic and aqueous phases can both act as wetting phases in hydrophobic and hydrophilic pore networks, respectively.
In the first part of the paper, we review and discuss the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), organic petrography, mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP), and comparative water/oil imbibition experiments conducted on several samples from the Triassic Montney tight gas siltstone play of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. We also discuss various crossplots to understand the reasons behind the observed dual-wettability behavior, and to investigate the spatial distribution and morphology of hydrophilic and hydrophobic pores. In the second part, Purcell's model (Purcell 1949) is extended to develop a conceptual model for relative permeability of gas and water in a dual-wettability system such as the Montney tight gas formation. Finally, the proposed model is compared with measured relative permeability data.
The results suggest that the submicron pores within solid bitumen/pyrobitumen are strongly water-repellant; therefore, they prefer gas over water under different saturation conditions. This part of the pore network is usually represented by a long tail at the lower end of the pore-throat-size distribution determined from MICP. The proposed relative permeability model describes single-phase flow of gas through the tail part, and two-phase flow of gas and water through the remaining bell-shaped part of the pore-throat-size distribution, which dominantly represents inorganic micropores. On the basis of our model, by increasing the fraction of water-repellant submicron pores, gas relative permeability decreases for a fixed water saturation. This decrease is ascribed to the reduction of the average size of flow conduits for the gas phase.
Manufactura esbelta y responsabilidad social empresarial: ¿coadyuvantes o antagonistas?
Authors: Cruz-Mejia Oliverio 
Published: July 2016

Introducción: El presente trabajo aborda el estudio de la Manufactura Esbelta y la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial. Ambos conceptos han sido estudiados extensamente de forma independiente, sin embargo en esta investigación se realiza el estudio conjunto. La Manufactura Esbelta es identificada como una metodología de la ingeniería de manufactura que centra sus aportaciones en las mejoras de la productividad en una organización. Por el otro lado, la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial focaliza su visión en la conservación del bienestar social en todas sus dimensiones. Siendo el caso que tanto la Manufactura Esbelta como la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial son posibles de implantarse en una misma organización, surge la necesidad de indagar la existencia de una complementariedad o contraposición de una con la otra.Método: En una organización de confección de prendas de vestir de tamaño pequeño se utiliza el método de casos múltiples bajo el enfoque positivista de Yin (2009). Cinco unidades de análisis son indagadas: Directivos y Administrativos, Empleados, Proveedores, Equipo de Ventas, Equipo de Implementación.Resultados: Se desprende del analizar el trabajo empírico que los cinco grupos de interés estudiados consideran que tanto la Manufactura Esbelta como la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial son estrategias organizacionales que convergen en el uso y acción racional y responsable de las actividades humanas. Ambas estrategias pugnan en su fin último por el desarrollo responsable y racional de las actividades en las organizaciones productivas.Conclusión: El estudio conjunto de las dos disciplinas indagadas es concluyente en el escenario de estudio empírico. Se observa que ambos conceptos pugnan por la actividad humana racional ocupada por el bienestar económico y social. Así mismo dan pie a un tercer concepto como fin máximo de ambas que es la sustentabilidad en su acepción más amplia, la cual es la capacidad de un sistema de mantener sus condiciones en términos ecológicos, económicos, políticos y culturales. De tal forma que ambas disciplinas coadyuvan en hacer sustentable a la sociedad.
Contraste empírico de modelos de transferencia de tecnología: Los casos de tres empresas de agricultura protegida en México.
Authors: Borbón Morales Carlos Gabriel , Arvizu Armenta Marisol 
Published: July 2016

De acuerdo a los modelos teóricos de la transferencia de tecnología las empresas aprenden de otras empresas; en otras ocasiones las tecnologías se transfieren a partir de una política dirigida por el gobierno donde las empresas, los centros de investigación y las instituciones de educación superior confluyen trasladando el conocimiento de un actor a otro; otro modelo más, advierte de la participación activa de la sociedad civil, que derivado de sus necesidades se transforma en el eje que articula el tránsito del conocimiento hacia su aplicación en la empresa.En este trabajo se plantea realizar un análisis de éstos modelos, utilizando tres casos de empresas productoras de hortalizas en invernadero en México, con la finalidad de realizar un contraste entre los actores y las formas en las cuales estas empresas de horticultura protegida han vivido sus procesos de contacto, adaptación y modificación de la tecnología.Abstract. According to theoretical models of technology transfer, firm learn from other firm. At other times the technologies are transferred starting a government-led policy to firms, the research centers and higher education institutions are conductors of the transferring knowledge from one actor to another. Another model include the participation of civil society leading technology transfer. In this paper it is proposed an analysis of patterns of technology transfer, using three cases of mexican companies producing greenhouse vegetables, in order to make a contrast between the actors and the ways in which these firms have lived her processes of contact, adaptation and modification with the technology.
Odour impact of a waste management plant in the Barcelona area, characterised by VDI3940 field observations, Gaussian ISCST modelling and CALPUFF modelling
Authors: Feliubadaló Joan , Van Harreveld Anton P. , Ormerod Robin 
Published: July 2016

From May 2006 to December 2006 an odour exposure study using field panel observations according to German standard EN3940 was carried out around an installation for reception and sorting of urban solid waste and treatment of the organic fraction using anaerobic digestion and composting, with a capacity of 240.000 tonnes of waste annually.
The exposure study covered an area of 2000 × 4000 meters, including the residential area of Ripollet, the Can Salvatella industrial estate and a rural area with various animal production facilities. The results were compared with the German criteria for residential and industrial areas of 10% and 15% odour hours respectively. These criteria were exceeded in the vicinity of the installation, including part of the industrial area of Can Salvatella, but not exceeded in the residential area of Ripollet.
The odour impact was also modelled using dispersion modelling. Two models were applied, ISCST as an example of the more traditional Gaussian plume model and CALPUFF in 3 dimensional mode as an example of more advanced modelling.
The meteorology in the area is challenging, from the modelling point of view, with frequent calms and low wind velocities, combined with a pronounced day/night circulation pattern. The results of the three methods of odour impact assessment are applied and the model results are compared and validated against the observed odour frequencies over the six month period of the study. The Gaussian ISCST model proved to be unable to effectively predict the odour footprint as determined by direct field observations of exposure, overestimating the distance of impact substantially in the direction of prevailing winds. The CALPUFF model in 3D mode did predict the area of measurable odour hour frequencies quite well. The 98 percentile for 3 ouE·m-3 appears to be a bit more restrictive than the German &lt;10% odour hours criterion applied in German regulation.
Overview on Biobased Building Material made with plant aggregate
Authors: Amziane Sofiane , Sonebi Mohammed 
Published: July 2016

Global warming, energy savings, and life cycle analysis issues are factors that have contributed to the rapid expansion of plant-based materials for buildings, which can be qualified as environmental-friendly, sustainable and efficient multifunctional materials. This review presents an overview on the several possibilities developed worldwide about the use of plant aggregate to design bio-based building materials. The use of crushed vegetal aggregates such as hemp (shiv), flax, coconut shells and other plants associated to mineral binder represents the most popular solution adopted in the beginning of this revolution in building materials. Vegetal aggregates are generally highly porous with a low apparent density and a complex architecture marked by a multi-scale porosity. These geometrical characteristics result in a high capacity to absorb sounds and have hygro-thermal transfer ability. This is one of the essential characteristics which differ of vegetal concrete compared to the tradition mineral-based concretes. In addition, the high flexibility of the aggregates leads to a non-fragile elasto-plastic behavior and a high deformability under stress, lack of fracturing and marked ductility with absorbance of the strains ever after having reached the maximum mechanical strength. Due to the sensitivity to moisture, the assessment of the durability of vegetal concrete constitutes one of the next scientific challenging of bio-based building materials.
Information Sharing during Auditors' Fraud Brainstorming: Effects of Psychological Safety and Auditor Knowledge
Authors: Gissel Jodi L. , Johnstone Karla M. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY
We investigate the effects of psychological safety and auditor knowledge on subordinates' willingness to share privately known, fraud-relevant information during brainstorming. We test a model illustrating how partner leadership affects subordinates' perceptions of psychological safety (P-S), which then affect brainstorming differentially depending on the level of subordinates' task knowledge. Participants watch a video of a simulated brainstorming session in which we manipulate P-S by altering how the partner communicates. In the more (less) P-S condition, the partner engenders a supportive (non-supportive), non-threatening (threatening) group dynamic and a style that encourages (discourages) idea sharing. We predict and find that less-knowledgeable auditors increase their willingness to share privately known, fraud-relevant information in a more P-S setting than in a less P-S setting; there is no effect of differential levels of P-S on more-knowledgeable auditors' changes in willingness to share such information. This implies the criticality of encouraging team dynamics that engender P-S for less-knowledgeable subordinates.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
Biochemical markers of bone metabolism during early orthodontic tooth movement with aligners
Authors: Castroflorio Tommaso , Gamerro Eugenio F , Caviglia Gian Paolo , Deregibus Andrea 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of teeth subjected to orthodontic forces released by aligners.
Materials and Methods: A total of 10 healthy, adult patients were selected to participate in this split-mouth study. The treatment plan was designed to obtain only one movement with the first aligner: distalization of a second molar. GCF samples were obtained from pressure and tension sites of the test tooth and from the mesiobuccal and distobuccal sites of the control tooth. The GCF sample volumes were measured using a Periotron 8000. Levels of TGF-β, IL-1β, RANKL, OPG, and OPN were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: IL-1β showed a significant increase at the pressure sites after 1 week and 3 weeks with respect to baseline (P &lt; .05) compared with control sites. The kinetics of TGF-1β and OPN were characterized by a significant increase at the tension sites of the test teeth (P &lt; .05) after 3 weeks from the application of orthodontic force. The RANKL level was significantly increased at pressure and tension sites after 1 hour and after 1 week from the application of the orthodontic forces (P = .023 and P = .043, respectively).
Conclusions: An increased concentration of bone modeling and remodeling mediators at the pressure sites (IL-1β, RANKL) and tension sites (TGF-1β, OPN) was observed. These scenarios are compatible with previous in vivo and in vitro studies investigating the biological effects of orthodontic tooth movement.
Comparative Investigations of Porous Cigarette Papers and Perforated Papers / Zum Problem vergleichender Untersuchungen an porösen und perforierten Cigarettenpapieren
Authors: Lipp G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThere is a proportional dependence between pressure difference and air stream of porous cigarette papers. In the case of perforated papers, however, the said relationship conforms to a non-linear function. It is therefore important to measure the permeability to air of these papers under a pressure difference that corresponds to the actual pressure conditions in cigarettes, i.e. approximately 0.25 dm water column gauge. With identical air permeability and identical degree of ventilation the yields of condensate, nicotine and phenols in the mainstream smoke of cigarettes made with porous paper decrease to a larger extent than the yields of the mentioned substances in the mainstream smoke of cigarettes made with perforated paper.
A Balance of Total Water Content during the Smoking of a Cigarette. 2nd Report / Über den Verbleib des Wassers beim Abrauchen: 2. Mitteilung
Authors: Seehofer F. , Hanssen D. , Rabitz H. , Schröder R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA balance of total water in the smoking of a cigarette is presented indicating theoretically calculated as well as experimentally determined quantities. Both groups of values are found to coincide to a large extent. As the quantity of the water of combustion of a given tobacco variety or tobacco mixture does not vary (Virginia: 314 mg per g of tobacco), changes of total water values are a function of the initial moisture content of tobacco only. Approximately 3 % of the total water leave the cigarette at its tip. Nearly 2 % penetrate the paper wrapping (without its burning ring), and 95 % escape from the incandescent end. The particulate phases of the studied smoke streams are poor in water, i. e. they include only 2 % of the total water, while the water content of the gaseous phases amounts to 98 %. The total water of a cigarette is found to be distributed among the particulate and gaseous phases of the various smoke streams as follows: mainstream smoke 3 %, glow stream 80.5 %, sidestream smoke 14.5 %, diffusion stream 2 % (maximum).
An Apparatus for the Measurement of the Pressure Drop of Cigarettes and Filter Rods / Automatisches Gerät zum Messen des Luftwiderstandes von Cigaretten und Filterstäben
Authors: Stoop E. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The prototype of an apparatus to measure the pressure drop of cigarettes is described. The apparatus works automatically at a speed of 400 cigarettes per hour. Results are indicated as number of cigarettes per draw resistance class of 5 mm WG
Vapour Filtration by Fibrous Cigarette Filters
Authors: Keith C.H. , Misenheimer J.R. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
To investigate the ability of fibrous filters to remove volatile smoke components selectively, filters containing quantities of liquid additives on a fibrous substrate were prepared and tested. Using long filter tips, selective filtration of vapourous materials such as isoprene, acetaldehyde, methanol, acetone, and toluene was achieved. It was found that vapour transport to the filter surface and the sorption of vapours by the liquid coating were of great importance in the process. Diffusion of vapours into the substrate fibers was also found to be important, but was less effective in modifying the filtration properties.
An Infrared Method for the Determination of Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Williams T.B. , Belk C.W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA method for the simultaneous determination of the CO and CO2 concentrations in each puff of a cigarette was developed. Puff characteristics of single and multiport smoking machines were controlled by selection of critical flow orifices. The CO and CO2 were rapidly measured by nondispersive infra-red analysers, which required no wave length scanning and were free from interference by other smoke components. Precision was increased by a six-port head compared to a single port but was not improved by a 12-port head. The procedure has been applied in studies of various commercial and experimental cigarettes