bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multiplexed, Gradient‐Based, Full‐Hydrogel Microfluidic Platform for Rapid, High‐Throughput Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Authors: Liu Zhengzhi , Sun Han , Ren Kangning 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance has become an immediate threat to modern healthcare systems as it continues to spread across the globe. As development of novel antibiotics stalls, preserving the effectiveness of existing agents has become a priority. One of the major driving forces behind antimicrobial resistance is the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, often a result of data on the susceptibility of pathogens not being obtained in a convenient and timely manner, a need that conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing struggles to meet. Here, a hydrogel microfluidic platform is reported for antimicrobial susceptibility testing purposes, capable of handling real samples and yielding results within 2.5 h of culture. By using a multiplayer design with channels crossing overhead of each other, multiple experiments, either one‐ or two‐dimensional, can be staged on the same device. Bacteria grown on the surface of the hydrogel can be easily visualized with standard Gram staining after being transferred onto a glass slide. Coupled with software‐based image analysis, the system can yield a variety of useful information on bacterial susceptibility and the effects of drugs, such as minimum inhibitory concentration and morphological changes in bacteria, either individually or in combination. Compared to conventional testing methods, this system requires less labor, reagents, and equipment to operate, and has significantly higher speed and efficiency.
Environmental variability indicates a climate‐adaptive center under threat in northern Mozambique coral reefs
Authors: McClanahan Timothy R. , Muthiga Nyawira A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA priority for modern conservation is finding and managing regions with environmental and biodiversity portfolio characteristics that will promote adaptation and the persistence of species during times of rapid climate change. The latitudinal edges of high‐diversity biomes are likely to provide a mixture of environmental gradients and biological diversity that meet the portfolio criteria needed for adaptive systems. Northern Mozambique and the Quirimbas Islands represent the edge of a coral reef diversity center with limited potential to expand because of geologic and oceanographic limits on the southern edges. This region does, however, have the potential to be its own discrete adaptive center if it contains climate refugia and there are environmental gradients that promote acclimatization, ecological reorganization, and natural selection. Consequently, to evaluate this potential we tested for strong regional environmental spatial heterogeneity that might indicate a climate‐adaptive center. Additionally, we evaluated human influences and environmental and demographic data on finfish, coral, and sea urchins in 66 reefs across ~4° of latitude to evaluate ecological changes and human threats. A number of clear gradients in environmental and human influences were observed. For example, temperature increased and became more centralized and right‐skewed, while water quality decreased to the south. Coral communities susceptible to thermal stress were found in the north where dispersed temperatures indicated a location with either tolerance to or refugium from recent thermal disturbances. Nevertheless, high coral diversity was found in southern deep‐water channels. Further, spatial patterns for corals and fish differed indicating complex geographic‐fishing‐biodiversity gradients. Consequently, environmental conditions for an adaptive portfolio exist and include refugia for preserving climate‐sensitive and for numbers of coral taxa. Fishing and urban threats were observable as reduced fish biomass, diversity, and body sizes but higher biomass of sea urchins. We observed that many remote and protected areas had fish biomass values lower than expected or near maximum sustainable yields. This indicates low compliance and widespread migratory fishing, which is reducing fish diversity below maximum levels. Recommendations to sustain this adaptive center are to maintain fish biomass >500 kg/ha by increasing fisheries restrictions and compliance.
Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Activity of [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase Model Complexes with Non‐Innocent Chelating Nitrogen‐Donor Ligands
Authors: Roy Souvik , Laureanti Joseph A. , Groy Thomas L. , Jones Anne K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of AnneàK. Jones from Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA. The cover image shows four complexes designed to mimic the H‐cluster at which protons are reduced to hydrogen in [FeFe]‐hydrogenase; only two inflate balloons by evolving hydrogen.
Secondary Hydrothermally Processed Engineered Titanium Dioxide Nanostructures for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Mali Sawanta S. , Shim Chang Su , Kim Hyungjin , Betty Chirayath A. , Patil Pramod S. , Hong Chang Kook 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA secondary hydrothermal process was used to synthesize exotic hollow nanostructures of rutile TiO2 as an electron‐transport layer for perovskite solar cells. The prepared nanostructures were used in combination with methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite, and their photovoltaic properties were studied. This core–shell architecture of a perovskite enveloped by TiO2 provides an enhanced surface area, better contact with the perovskite because of the larger adsorption area, and effective light penetration. Our results revealed that the hollow nanoflowers exhibit a photocurrent density of 21.05 mA cm−2, an open‐circuit voltage of 0.916 V, and a fill factor of 0.66, which leads to a power conversion efficiency of 12.72 %. These results were also verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, the effect of the wetting time was studied, and our results revealed that a minimum time of 100 s is required for good penetration of a MAPbI3/γ‐butyrolactone solution.
Development of High Power Density Metal‐Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Tucker Michael C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSymmetric‐structure metal‐supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS‐SOFCs) are fabricated by infiltrating catalysts on both anode and cathode side. Various aspects of the infiltration process are optimized. Performance is found to be sensitive to precursor dilution, catalyst loading, and catalyst calcining temperature. For an optimized cell with lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) as cathode and Sm0.2Ce0.8O2−δ mixed with Ni (SDCN) as anode, peak power densities of 0.44, 1.1, and 1.9 W cm−2 are achieved at 600, 700, and 800 °C, respectively. A fully symmetric MS‐SOFC with SDCN as both the anode and cathode sides achieves moderate peak power densities of 0.12, 0.37, and 0.76 W cm−2 at 600, 700, and 800 °C, respectively. A solvent‐based infiltration technique is also explored and found to be more effective than capillary forces alone but not as effective as vacuum infiltration.
Experimental study on a new type of earthquake resilient shear wall
Authors: Liu Qizhou , Jiang Huanjun 
Published: May 2017

SummaryReinforced concrete (RC) shear walls have been extensively used as lateral load resisting structural members in tall buildings. However, in the past, strong earthquake events RC structural walls in some buildings suffered severe damage, which concentrated at the bottom and was very difficult to be repaired. The installation of the replaceable corner components (RCCs) at the bottom of the structural wall is a new method to form an earthquake resilient structural wall whose function can be quickly restored by replacing the RCCs after the strong earthquake because of the damage concentrating on RCCs. In this study, a new kind of replaceable energy‐dissipation component installed at the bottom corner of RC structural walls was proposed. To study the seismic performance of the new structural wall with RCCs, the cyclic loading tests on three new structural wall specimens and one conventional RC structural wall specimen were conducted. One of the new structural wall specimens experienced replacement and reloading process to verify the feasibility of replacement. The results show that the structural behavior of all specimens was flexure dominating. The damage in the new shear specimens mainly concentrated on RCCs. The replacement of RCCs can be implemented conveniently after the residual deformation occurred in the structure. Compared with the conventional structural wall specimen, the seismic performance of new structural wall specimens was improved significantly. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptual design and full‐scale experimentation of cladding panel connection systems of precast buildings
Authors: Toniolo Giandomenico , Dal Lago Bruno 
Published: May 2017

SummaryDespite the long series of European research projects that has led to the setting of fully reliable seismic design criteria for precast structures, recent earthquakes have shown that a weak point still exists in the proportioning of the connection systems of cladding wall panels. Following this finding, this paper outlines an organic setting of the design problem of precast concrete structures including cladding–structure interaction and describes three possible solutions, namely, the isostatic, integrated, and dissipative systems. The related fastening arrangements, with the use of existing and innovative connection devices, are also described. This paper comments on the results of the pseudo‐dynamic and cyclic tests performed at ELSA Laboratory of the European Joint Research Centre of Ispra (Italy) on a full‐scale prototype of precast structure. The conception and the experimental performance of the structure with nine different configurations of either vertical or horizontal wall panel claddings are presented. The analysis of the results highlights the effectiveness of the different solutions in a comparative way. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meltwater erosion process of frozen soil as affected by thawed depth under concentrated flow in high altitude and cold regions
Authors: Ban Yunyun , Lei Tingwu , Chen Chao , Yin Zhe , Qian Dengfeng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChanges in thawed depth of frozen soil caused by diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations are commonly found in high altitude and latitude regions of the world. These changes significantly influence hydrologic and erosion processes. Experimental data are necessary to improve the understanding and modeling of the phenomenon. Laboratory experiments were conducted in Beijing to assess the impacts of thawed soil depth, slope gradient, and flow rate on soil erosion by concentrated meltwater flow over an underlying frozen soil layer. Soil samples from watershed were filled in flumes, saturated before being frozen. After the soil was completely frozen, flumes were taken out of storage to thaw the frozen soil from top to the designed depths. Meltwater flow was simulated using a tank filled with water and icecubes at approximately 0°C. The erosion experiments involved four thawed soil depths of 1, 2, 5, and 10 cm; three slope gradients of 5°, 10°, and 15°; and three flow rates of 1, 2, and 4 l/min; and seven rill lengths of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 m. Sediment‐laden water samples were collected at the lower end of the flume for determination of sediment concentration. The results showed that sediment concentration increased exponentially with rill length to approach a maximum value. The sediment concentrations were closely correlated with thawed soil depth, flow rate, and slope gradient. Shallower thawed depths delivered more sediments than deeper thawed depths. Slope gradient was the primary factor responsible for severe erosion. The effect of flow rate on sediment concentration which decreased with increasing slope gradient, was not as significant as that of slope gradient. Results from these experiments are useful for understanding the effect of thawed soil depth on erosion process in thawed soils subject to freezing and for estimating erosion model parameters. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of MLH1 expression on tumor evolution after curative surgical tumor resection in a murine orthotopic xenograft model for human MSI colon cancer
Authors: Meunier Katy , Ferron Marianne , Calmel Claire , Fléjou Jean‐François , Pocard Marc , Praz Françoise 
Published: May 2017

AbstractColorectal cancers (CRCs) displaying microsatellite instability (MSI) most often result from MLH1 deficiency. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of MLH1 expression per se on tumor evolution after curative surgical resection using a xenograft tumor model. Transplantable tumors established with the human MLH1‐deficient HCT116 cell line and its MLH1‐complemented isogenic clone, mlh1‐3, were implanted onto the caecum of NOD/SCID mice. Curative surgical resection was performed at day 10 in half of the animals. The HCT116‐derived tumors were more voluminous compared to the mlh1‐3 ones (P = .001). Lymph node metastases and peritoneal carcinomatosis occurred significantly more often in the group of mice grafted with HCT116 (P = .007 and P = .035, respectively). Mlh1‐3‐grafted mice did not develop peritoneal carcinomatosis or liver metastasis. After surgical resection, lymph node metastases only arose in the group of mice implanted with HCT116 and the rate of cure was significantly lower than in the mlh1‐3 group (P = .047). The murine orthotopic xenograft model based on isogenic human CRC cell lines allowed us to reveal the impact of MLH1 expression on tumor evolution in mice who underwent curative surgical resection and in mice whose tumor was left in situ. Our data indicate that the behavior of MLH1‐deficient CRC is not only governed by mutations arising in genes harboring microsatellite repeated sequences but also from their defect in MLH1 as such.
Relationship between iodine levels and papillary thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Joon‐Hyop , Hwang Yunji , Song Ra‐Yeong , Yi Jin Wook , Yu Hyeong Won , Kim Su‐jin , Chai Young Jun , Choi June Young , Lee Kyu Eun , Park Sue K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundIodine excess has been suggested as an exogenous risk factor of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the relationship between iodine exposure measured in various forms and PTC prevalence.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for case‐control studies on iodine and PTC published up to December 2015. Exposure to iodine was compared between PTC and control groups.ResultsFrom the 16 selected studies, the odds ratio (OR) for the overall effect size between high iodine exposure and PTC risk was 1.418 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.054‐1.909). Based on 7 studies conducted in high iodinated regions, a positive association between iodine exposure and PTC was observed (OR 2.200; 95% CI 1.389‐3.483).ConclusionThis study demonstrated a higher exposure to iodine in patients with PTC compared with controls, especially for patients from high iodinated regions.
Mathematical model of direct reduction in multilayer pellets made of metallurgical dust in a rotary hearth furnace
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Wen , Zhou Zhongmu , Xu Yang , Wang Long 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA mathematical model of direct reduction of metallurgical dust pellet layers has been established in a rotary hearth furnace. The effects of radiation shielding of the upper layer to lower layer and the heating effects of the hearth were considered in the model. The control equations of the model were discretized into algebraic equations based on the control volume integration method and numerically solved by the alternating direction implicit method. The effects of pellet arrangement, furnace temperature, and the height of the pellet layer were investigated by the model. The results show that staggered arrangement of metallurgical dust pellets can improve average temperature of pellet layer. Thus, the degree of metallization and zinc removal rate of the pellet layer are improved. With the increase of furnace temperature, degree of metallization increases rapidly. Compared with iron oxide reductions, furnace temperature has less effect on zinc removal rate. With the height of pellet bed increasing to four layers, both degree of metallization and zinc removal rate of the fourth layer are slightly higher than that of the third layer. After heating for 15 min, extending heating time has little influence on zinc removal rate of each layer.
MHD mass transfer flow past an inclined plate with variable temperature and plate velocity embedded in a porous medium
Authors: Agarwalla Suman , Ahmed Nazibuddin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn exact solution of unsteady MHD free convective mass transfer flow past an infinite inclined plate embedded in a saturated porous medium with variable plate velocity, temperature, and mass diffusion has been presented. An attempt has been made to analyze the Soret effect and the influence of the angle of inclination on the flow and transport properties, in the presence of thermal radiation, heat source, and chemical reaction. The equations governing the flow, heat, and mass transfer are solved by employing the Laplace transform technique, in closed form. The variations in fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are shown graphically whereas the numerical values of shear stress, the rate of heat transfer, and the rate of mass transfer from the plate to the fluid are presented in tabular form for various values of the flow parameters. The results show that the flow is accelerated due to the Soret effect while the angle of inclination sustains a retarding effect on fluid velocity. Further it is observed that the viscous drag at the plate and the mass diffusion from the plate to the fluid decrease under the influence of thermal diffusion.
Numerical simulations of the influence of Brownian and gravitational forces on the stability of CuO nanoparticles by the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach
Authors: Aminfar Habib , Mohammadpourfard Mousa , Mortezazadeh Ramin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of Brownian and gravitational forces on the velocity and transport of induced CuO nanoparticles in oil. Moreover, the concept of gravitational sedimentation and colloidal stability have been taken into consideration to give more physical insight about how these forces influence on the particle's displacement. For this purpose, the Lagrangian method has been proposed to compute the instantaneous location of the interested nanoparticle while the continuous medium behaviors are reflected by an Eulerian description. The relative concentration of the nanoparticles is measured to support the physical validity of the numerical procedure. It is observed that the predictions of the present Euler–Lagrange model are in good agreement with the reported experimental data in the literature. In the absence of the gravitational force, the velocity magnitude of the nanoparticles is decreased and the Brownian motion keeps the dispersion stable. The velocity of nanoparticles in the presence of the gravity field is in order of 10−9 while its velocity is in the order of 10−15 m/s to 10−14 m/s in the absence of gravity field.
Maternal near miss in low‐resource areas
Authors: Goldenberg Robert L. , Saleem Sarah , Ali Sumera , Moore Janet L. , Lokangako Adrien , Tshefu Antoinette , Mwenechanya Musaku , Chomba Elwyn , Garces Ana , Figueroa Lester , Goudar Shivaprasad , Kodkany Bhalachandra , Patel Archana , Esamai Fabian , Nsyonge Paul , Harrison Margo S. , Bauserman Melissa , Bose Carl L. , Krebs Nancy F. , Hambidge K. Michael , Derman Richard J. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Liechty Edward A. , Wallace Dennis D. , Belizan Jose M. , Miodovnik Menachem , Koso‐Thomas Marion , Carlo Waldemar A. , Jobe Alan H. , McClure Elizabeth M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the Global Network Near‐Miss Maternal Mortality System and its application in seven sites.MethodsIn a population‐based study, pregnant women eligible for enrollment in the Maternal and Newborn Health Registry at seven sites (Democratic Republic of the Congo; Guatemala; Belagavi and Nagpur, India; Kenya; Pakistan; and Zambia) between January 2014 and April 2016 were screened to identify those likely to have a near‐miss event. The WHO maternal near‐miss criteria were modified for low‐resource settings. The ratio of near‐miss events to maternal deaths was calculated.ResultsAmong 122 707 women screened, 18 307 (15.0%) had a potential near‐miss event, of whom 4866 (26.6%; 4.0% of all women) had a near‐miss maternal event. The overall maternal mortality ratio was 155 per 100 000 live births. The ratio of near‐miss events to maternal deaths was 26 to 1. The most common factors involved in near‐miss cases were the hematologic/coagulation system, infection, and cardiovascular system.ConclusionBy using the Global Network Near‐Miss Maternal Mortality System, large numbers of women were screened for near‐miss events, including those delivering at home or a low‐level maternity clinic. The 4.0% incidence of near‐miss maternal mortality is similar to previously reported data. The ratio of 26 near‐miss cases to 1 maternal death suggests that near miss might evaluate the impact of interventions more efficiently than maternal mortality.
Retracted: Activation of the Nrf2‐ARE Signaling Pathway Prevents Hyperphosphatemia‐Induced Vascular Calcification by Inducing Autophagy in Renal Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Yao Li , Wang Jian , Tian Bin‐Yao , Xu Tian‐Hua , Sheng Zi‐Tong 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effect of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2‐antioxidant response element (Nrf2‐ARE) signaling pathway in vascular calcification (VC) via inducing Autophagy in renal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VSMCs were assigned into six experimental groups: the normal control, high phosphorus, si‐negative control (si‐NC), Nrf2‐siRNA, over‐expressed Nrf2, and negative control (NC) groups. RT‐PCR was applied to detect the mRNA expressions of the desired Nrf2‐ARE signaling pathway‐related genes (Nrf2, NQO‐1, HO‐1, γ‐GCS). The protein products of these genes: apoptosis‐related genes (LC3I and LC3II), osteogenic marker proetins (Runt‐related transcription factor 2) Runx2 and BMP2 were all detected by Western blotting. Autophagosomes in VSMCs were observed under a transmission electron microscope. We discovered an increased calcium ion concentration and upregulated Runx2, BMP2, Nrf2, HO‐1, γ‐GCS, NQO‐1, and LC3II/LC3I expressions in the high phosphorous, si‐NC and Nrf2‐siRNA, and NC groups, compared with the normal control group. Compared to the high phosphorus and si‐NC groups, higher levels of Runx2 and BMP2 but decreased Nrf2, HO‐1, γ‐GCS, NQO‐1, and LC3II/LC3I expressions were detected in the Nrf2‐siRNA group. The high phosphorus, si‐NC and over‐expressed Nrf2 experimental groups all had increased Nrf2, NQO‐1, HO‐1, γ‐GCS, and LC3II/LC3I expressions as well as high numbers of autophagosomes compared with the normal control group. Finally, we detected a lower amount of autophagosomes presence and Nrf2, NQO‐1, HO‐1 γ‐GCS, and LC3II/LC3 protein expression of Nrf2‐siRNA group than that of the high phosphorus and si‐NC groups. Activation of Nrf2‐ARE signaling pathway may prevent hyperphosphatemia‐induced VC by inducing autophagy in VSMCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4708–4715, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.