bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Computational Review on Localized High‐Concentration Electrolytes in Lithium Batteries
Authors: Chen Xi , Yu Hao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectrolyte engineering plays a vital role in improving the battery performance of lithium batteries. The idea of localized high‐concentration electrolytes that are derived by adding “diluent” in high‐concentration electrolytes has been proposed to retain the merits and alleviate the disadvantages of high‐concentration electrolytes, and it has become the focus of attention in high‐voltage lithium batteries, flame‐retardant lithium batteries, and low‐temperature lithium batteries. Extensive efforts have been made to elucidate the fundamentals of localized high‐concentration electrolytes. This review provides an overview of state‐of‐the‐art computational progress in the studies of localized high‐concentration electrolytes, focusing on the application of computational techniques to analyze the redox stability, solvation structures, and interface characteristics of lithium batteries with localized high‐concentration electrolytes. Integrated with experimental approaches, complementing each other, computational methods are believed to be conducive to understanding the working mechanism and designing localized high‐concentration electrolytes for better lithium batteries in the future.
Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma deemed potentially ineligible for platinum‐containing chemotherapy: Post hoc analysis of KEYNOTE‐052 and LEAP‐011
Authors: O’Donnell Peter H. , Loriot Yohann , Csoszi Tibor , Matsubara Nobuaki , Shin Sang Joon , Park Se Hoon , Atduev Vagif , Gumus Mahmut , Karaca Saziye Burcak , Grivas Petros , de Wit Ronald , Castellano Daniel E. , Powles Thomas , Vuky Jacqueline , Zhao Yujie , O’Hara Karen , Okpara Chinyere E. , Franco Sonia , Homet Moreno Blanca , Żołnierek Jakub , Siefker‐Radtke Arlene O. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundFirst‐line pembrolizumab monotherapy is a standard of care for platinum‐ineligible patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). No global standardized definition of platinum ineligibility exists. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with UC who met various criteria for platinum ineligibility.MethodsPatients from KEYNOTE‐052 and LEAP‐011 deemed potentially platinum ineligible were pooled for this post hoc exploratory analysis as follows: group 1: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 2; group 2: ECOG PS 2 and age ≥80 years, renal dysfunction, or visceral disease; and group 3: any two other factors regardless of ECOG PS. Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks. End points included objective response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1, by blinded independent central review, overall survival (OS), and safety.ResultsA total of 612 patients treated with pembrolizumab from KEYNOTE‐052 (n = 370) and LEAP‐011 (n = 242) were included; the median (range) follow‐up was 56.3 months (51.2–65.3 months) and 12.8 months (0.2–25.1 months), respectively. For group 1, ORR was 26.2%, median PFS was 2.7 months, and median OS was 10.1 months. For group 2, ORR ranged from 23.5% to 33.3%, median PFS ranged from 2.1 to 4.4 months, and median OS ranged from 9.1 to 10.1 months. For group 3, ORR ranged from 25.7% to 27.9%, median PFS ranged from 2.1 to 2.8 months, and median OS ranged from 9.0 to 10.6 months. Treatment‐related adverse event rates were consistent across groups.ConclusionsFrontline pembrolizumab has consistent antitumor activity and safety in patients with advanced UC categorized as potentially ineligible for platinum‐based chemotherapy, regardless of the variable definitions of platinum ineligibility used.
Effect of Adding Phosphorus on Crystal Structure of W‐V‐Nb Complex Oxide and Catalytic Selective Oxidation of Acrolein
Authors: Omata Kaori , Nambu Tomonori 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe changes in the crystal structure of the W−V‐Nb complex oxide with phosphorus addition to the hydrothermal synthesis process are investigated. The effect of the constituent units and crystal structure of phosphorus‐added W−V‐Nb complex oxide catalysts on the activity and selectivity for selective oxidation of acrolein is discussed. Phosphorus addition to the hydrothermal synthesis process promotes the formation of orthorhombic and trigonal W−V‐Nb complex oxides. Orthorhombic and trigonal W−V‐Nb complex oxide catalysts give higher acrylic acid selectivity in acrolein oxidation compared to poorly crystalline catalysts that only have {M6O21} pentagonal units and 7‐membered rings.
Combined Phase 1/2a Initial Clinical Safety Trials and Proof‐of‐Concept Assessment of a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide KSL‐W Anti‐Plaque Chewing Gum
Authors: Ryan J. Brett , Kirkwood Brian J. , Leung Kai P. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe effective control of dental plaque is crucial for oral health, given that pathogenic bacteria in plaque are the primary cause of dental caries. Current antimicrobial agents, although effective, disrupt the oral microbiome and lead to oral dysbiosis, hindering efforts to curb dental caries. Novel antimicrobial peptides offer a promising solution due to their selective bactericidal activity against cariogenic bacteria. This study explores the initial safety and efficacy of KSL‐W formulated into chewing gum through a Phase 1 and 2a clinical trial.MethodsThe combined trial, approved by the FDA, follows a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled design. Phase 1 assessed safety with single doses (2−100 mg), whereas Phase 2a explored both safety and proof of concept in reducing oral bacteria with multiple doses (4−75 mg). Besides adverse events (Phase 1), outcome measures included whole‐mouth plaque and gingival index scores and bleeding on probing (Phase 2a).ResultsKSL‐W demonstrated safety in both phases, with no severe adverse events. The proof‐of‐concept analysis revealed a decrease in plaque and gingival inflammation, particularly at doses ≥ 20 mg. The 30 mg dose appeared to yield optimal effects without any adverse reactions in subjects.ConclusionsResults from this study indicate that KSL‐W is safe for use in humans and provides initial evidence of its potential efficacy in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation. Further research is essential to determine optimal usage and ultimate safety, and to assess its potential in diverse populations.Trial RegistrationThe trial is registered with the FDA (Trial Registration Number: NCT01877421). The clinical trials were registered in the clinicaltrials.gov database under the title “Safety and Tolerability of Antiplaque Chewing Gum in a Gingivitis Population” and the identifier number is NCT01877421. The URL for accessing the study in clinicaltrials.gov is https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01877421?intr=Antiplaque%20chewing&rank=1.
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Disrupts Performance in a Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates Task Specifically in Adolescent Male Rats
Authors: Perkins Amy E. , Dart Ellie , Kaiser Daren 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can lead to a wide range of adverse effects in humans, including impaired self‐control and increased impulsive behavior. Deficits in self‐control can interfere with academic performance and have lasting impacts. In the present study, a rodent model of PAE was used to assess impulsivity through operant conditioning. Pregnant rats were assigned to one of three groups: ad‐lib control (CON), pair‐fed (PF), and alcohol‐exposed (ALC). ALC rats were given a liquid diet containing 6% alcohol, PF rats were yoked to an ALC rat and given a CON liquid diet, and CON rats received ad libitum food. Operant conditioning was used to evaluate extinction in adolescents (Experiment 1) and differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) in adolescents and adults (Experiment 2). PAE resulted in an increase in responses and resets during DRL testing, indicative of impaired self‐control, an effect that was only observed in adolescent males. Females, regardless of age, did not show increased impulsivity following PAE. This indicates that children with PAE may exhibit attentional deficits similar to those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with males at a higher risk.
Contextualised physical metrics: The physical demands vary with phase of play during elite soccer match play
Authors: Jerome Benjamin W. C. , Stoeckl Michael , Mackriell Ben , Dawson Christian W. , Fong Daniel T. P. , Folland Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe physical demands of elite soccer match play have traditionally been measured using aggregated whole‐match metrics. However, match play is increasingly considered as distinct phases of play, although the influence of phase of play on match physical demands remains largely unknown. This study compared physical intensity, acceleration and deceleration demands, between phases of play and according to playing position. The duration of each match from a major European league (n = 1083) was divided into one of five reciprocal phases (for the in‐/out‐of‐possession team) using event and tracking data: build‐up/high‐block, progression/mid‐block, chance creation/low‐block, fast attack/fast defence, or attacking transition/defensive transition. Player tracking data were used to calculate physical intensity as the rate of distance covered (m⋅min−1) in total and within five speed categories, and the proportion of time spent accelerating and decelerating (>2 m s−2) during each phase of play. Rate of distance covered in total differed markedly with phase of play; fast attack 35%–53% greater, and fast defence 33%–50% greater, than other in‐/out‐of‐possession phases respectively, and these effects were amplified for the rate of distance covered at higher speeds (e.g., sprinting ≥4‐fold differences between phases). Match phase also affected the proportion of time spent accelerating and decelerating (highest for fast attack and chance creation, respectively), especially when in‐possession for forwards and when out‐of‐possession for defenders (p < 0.001). Phase of play had a large effect on the physical intensity of match play, particularly rates of distance covered at higher speeds, as well as the acceleration and deceleration demands, and in a position specific manner.
Microwave‐assisted control of PtNi nanoalloy clusters on the nitrogen‐doped graphene oxide for energy conversion with oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Jo Seung Geun , Park Gil‐Ryeong , Kim Jemin , Ahn Do Hyun , Ramkumar Rahul , Kim Sun‐I , Lee Duck Hyun , Lee Jung Woo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearch on the production and utilization of hydrogen energy is essential to overcome the environmental issues caused by fossil fuels. Herein, we anchor PtNi nanoalloy clusters (Pt‐Ni NACs) on nitrogen‐doped graphene oxide (NrGO) by a facile microwave‐assisted synthesis and analyze the variations of catalyst properties based on the PtNi composition and the presence of nitrogen. Ni inclusion in the Pt matrix can induce lattice strain and change the electronic structure, while the doped nitrogen into the graphene can enhance electron transfer and improve the durability of the catalyst through strong chemical bonding with the alloy clusters. TEM analysis discovers that the NACs are uniformly decorated in a few‐nanometer‐size on the graphene surface, and the formation of the PtNi NACs and structural changes according to composition are confirmed through XRD and XPS. In addition, the structural changes due to N‐doping and its bonding with the NACs are observed through Raman spectroscopy and XPS. Electrochemical measurements reveal that Pt2.6Ni NACs/NrGO exhibits the highest ORR onset potential (0.893 V) and the lowest HER overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 (22 mV) among other catalysts, and those activities are almost unchanged under long‐term durability tests. From these results, Pt2.6Ni NACs/NrGO is utilized in a zinc‐air battery (ZAB) system, demonstrating better battery performance than commercial Pt and Ir‐based catalysts. Moreover, it is applied to hydrogen collection, showing linear trend in hydrogen production over time, confirming the catalyst's availability in hydrogen production and utilization.image
Geometric optimization to improve the performance of a new design of concentration‐based solar distiller using particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Mohammed Mokhtar , Janan Taha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSolar distillers are one of the oldest and simplest technologies for desalinating salt water using solar energy. The main problem is the low freshwater production compared to the amount of energy input from the sun. To overcome this problem, a solar distiller was developed using a parabolic trough concentrator to increase the freshwater yield. The geometry optimization of various parameters of the developed system was also studied using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to obtain the optimal design and give the improved freshwater yield. The simulation is carried out based on the algorithm using the climatic condition data of Rabat City, Morocco. Numerical resolution of the energy balance equations was performed using MATLAB code. In terms of flexibility, speed, and global convergence, this method's final results were satisfactory. The maximum optimized freshwater yield using the PSO approach is 12.83 kg/m2 and the maximum optimized energy and exergy efficiency were about 204.7% and 34.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that the absorber basin accounts for the highest exergy destruction, 88.7% of the total optimized exergy destruction was found from exergy analysis.
Glial ‘omics in ischemia: Acute stroke and chronic cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: McDonough Ashley , Weinstein Jonathan R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVascular injury and pathologies underlie common diseases including ischemic stroke and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Prior work has identified a key role for glial cells, including microglia, in the multifaceted and temporally evolving neuroimmune response to both stroke and CSVD. Transcriptional profiling has led to important advances including identification of distinct gene expression signatures in ischemia‐exposed, flow cytometrically sorted microglia and more recently single cell RNA sequencing‐identified microglial subpopulations or clusters. There is a reassuring degree of overlap in the results from these two distinct methodologies with both identifying a proliferative and a separate type I interferon responsive microglial element. Similar patterns were later seen using multimodal and spatial transcriptomal profiling in ischemia‐exposed microglia and astrocytes. Methodological advances including enrichment of specific neuroanatomic/functional regions (such as the neurovascular unit) prior to single cell RNA sequencing has led to identification of novel cellular subtypes and generation of new credible hypotheses as to cellular function based on the enhanced cell sub‐type specific gene expression patterns. A ribosomal tagging strategy focusing on the cellular translatome analyses carried out in the acute phases post stroke has revealed distinct inflammation‐regulating roles for microglia and astrocytes in this setting. Early spatial transcriptomics experiments using cerebral ischemia models have identified regionally distinct microglial cell clusters in ischemic core versus penumbra. There is great potential for combination of these methods for multi‐omics approaches to further elucidate glial responses in the context of both acute ischemic stroke and chronic CSVD.
Effects of l‐carnitine on frailty status in patients with liver cirrhosis: A randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: Motazedian Nasrin , Ashari Anita , Dehdari Ebrahimi Niloofar , Sayadi Mehrab , Pourjafar Sarina , Motazedian Nazanin , Khademi Vahid , Shamsaeefar Alireza , Eshraghian Ahad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsFrailty is a common complication in patients with liver cirrhosis, which is linked with augmented rates of morbidity and mortality. In this regard, timely nutritional assessment and intervention have gained scientific attention. L‐carnitine may be a promising candidate with its potential to enhance energy metabolism, reduce inflammation, and act as an antioxidant. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of l‐carnitine supplementation on frailty status and liver function in adults with liver cirrhosis.MethodsThis double‐blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial study enrolled 77 patients with liver cirrhosis. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: the control group (n = 42) and the l‐carnitine group (n = 35). The l‐carnitine group received 500 mg of l‐carnitine orally three times a day for 8 weeks, while the control group did not receive any intervention.ResultsL‐carnitine administration resulted in a significant decrease in alanine transaminase levels (p: 0.043) and partial thromboplastin time (p: 0.036). Furthermore, compared to the control group, l‐carnitine treatment led to improvements in prothrombin time (p: 0.008) and international normalized ratio (p: 0.024). However, no significant improvement in the Liver Frailty Index, Freid Frailty Index, and Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (p > 0.05) was observed in the carnitine group after the 8‐week intervention period.ConclusionIn conclusion, the administration of l‐carnitine exhibited hepatoprotective properties and was correlated with lowered alanine transaminase levels with improvement in coagulation status in liver cirrhosis patients. Nevertheless, our study indicated that the short‐term use of l‐carnitine might not significantly improve frailty in these patients.
Integrating psychiatry and family medicine in the management of somatic symptom disorders: Diagnosis, collaboration, and communication strategies
Authors: Ajluni Victor 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSomatic symptom disorders (SSDs) present a complex interplay of physical and psychological factors, necessitating an integrative approach to diagnosis and management. This article explores the collaborative efforts between family medicine and psychiatry in addressing SSDs, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary strategy for comprehensive patient care. Effective diagnosis involves recognizing the significance of both somatic symptoms and the patient's psychological response, with tools like structured clinical interviews and self‐report questionnaires playing crucial roles. Management strategies include psychotherapeutic interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), pharmacological treatments, and lifestyle modifications, all tailored to the patient's needs. Communication strategies are vital in validating patients' experiences while addressing underlying psychiatric issues. Techniques such as active listening, biopsychosocial framing, and the teach‐back method foster trust and improve treatment adherence. Cultural considerations and the use of interpreters enhance communication with diverse patient populations. Training programs for healthcare providers further improve competency in managing SSDs. This integrative approach aims to enhance patient outcomes by addressing the multifaceted nature of SSDs through collaborative care, effective communication, and comprehensive treatment planning.
Compliance with price transparency rules in United States (US) pediatric hospitals
Authors: Reimer Emily , Scanlon Matthew C. , Jereczek Amalia , Maxwell Andrea R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study describes United States (US) pediatric hospitals' compliance with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid price transparency rule. The price transparency rule was intended to make healthcare costs more transparent for patients and families to aid in informed decisions and help avoid unexpected charges. The price transparency rule consists of two parts: (1) a standard charge file, and (2) “shoppable services.” Using hospital websites accessed through the Children's Hospital Association during January and February 2023, we found that only 48.7% of US pediatric hospitals were fully compliant with all required components despite implementation of this rule nearly 3 years ago.
Subthreshold Drain Current Model of Cylindrical Gate All‐Around Junctionless Transistor With Three Different Gate Materials
Authors: Manikandan S. , Dhanaselvam P. Suveetha , Pandian M. Karthigai 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA novel subthreshold drain current model has been developed for a cylindrical gate all‐around junctionless transistor with three different gate materials. The proposed device is built with three gate regions of different work functions that effectively reduce the short‐channel effects caused by quantum mechanical effects. The drain current equation is solved for all three operating regions to investigate the device switching characteristics and minimize the drain‐induced barrier lowering (DIBL), velocity saturation, mobility degradation, and tunneling. It is understood that the triple material gate structure enhances the transport efficiency of the device. The proposed analytical model is validated by comparison with Sentaurus TCAD numerical simulator results and good agreement is found to be achieved.
Enhancing the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Consortium: A Narrative Review
Authors: Rao Merugu Chandra Surya , Rahul Vadlamudi Dinesh , Uppar Pandu , Madhuri Marpu Lakshmi , Tripathy Barsha , Vyas Ryali Devi Veda , Swami Dokka Venkata , Raju Sirivuru Srinivasa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHeavy metal pollution has become a significant concern as the world continues to industrialize, urbanize, and modernize. Heavy metal pollutants impede the growth and metabolism of plants. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals in plants may create chlorophyll antagonism, oxidative stress, underdeveloped plant growth, and reduced photosynthetic system. Finding practical solutions to protect the environment and plants from the toxic effects of heavy metals is essential for long‐term sustainable development. The direct use of suitable living plants for eliminating and degrading metal pollutants from ecosystems is known as phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is a novel and promising way to remove toxic heavy metals. Plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can colonize plant roots and help promote their growth. Numerous variables, such as plant biomass yield, resistance to metal toxicity, and heavy metal solubility in the soil, affect the rate of phytoremediation. Phytoremediation using the PGPR consortium can speed up the process and increase the rate of heavy metal detoxification. The PGPR consortium has significantly increased the biological accumulation of various nutrients and heavy metals. This review sheds light on the mechanisms that allow plants to uptake and sequester toxic heavy metals to improve soil detoxification. The present review aids the understanding of eco‐physiological mechanisms that drive plant–microbe interactions in the heavy metal‐stressed environment.