bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History of Land Use and Origin of Oil Palm Plantation Land Status (A Study Case in PT LPYE, North Sumatra)
Authors: Affandi R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
These days, it is widely believed that the development of oil palm plantations in Indonesia is related to the problem of primary forest deforestation. To prove this problem, research was conducted to study the status and land use history of the large state oil palm plantations, as well as the development of changes in oil palm plantation land cover, focusing on PT LPYE in North Sumatra. Data was taken through interviews and literature studies related to the history of palm oil companies at PT LPYE. The development of land cover at PT LPYE were documented using visually interpreted imagery to create land cover status maps in two time periods (1987-1988). The results show that PT LPYE’s land cover status origin was the other use area (APL) (97.1%), with the remainder being forest area in the form of limited production forest (HPT) (2.3%) and permanent production forest (HP) (0.6%). Based on the 2014 forest area map, most of PT LPYE’s land has the status of other use area (99.9%), while 0.1% has the status of production forest (HP). However, this change has received permission with a Forest Release Decree through the Minister of Forestry Decree No.494/Kpts-II/1999 covering an area of 5,143.75 ha. PT LPYE’s land was the community land and has been used since 1955 as a shifting cultivation area for the community, which was then built on an oil palm plantation by PT SSL in 1979. Based on the results of the interpretation of Landsat image data, the land cover of PT LPYE’s plantation in 1988 was 4009.01 ha, an increase from 1987, which was 3838.50 ha. Apart from that, PT LPYE also has other land cover in the form of old shrubs and open land. Referring to the Indonesian definition of “deforestation”, this oil palm plantation is not the result of deforestation and not a direct cause of primary deforestation”
Origin of land status and the history of land use of large oil palm plantations in South Sumatra Province (a case study in the plantation of PT TPR and PT RAJ)
Authors: Openg E B L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Palm oil is a prima donna commodity in the agricultural sub-sector in Indonesia, because palm oil is the largest contributor to the country’s foreign exchange. This achievement cannot be separated from accusations regarding ecological impacts such as deforestation and loss of biodiversity, which are also often accused of being on land that is a forest area. Responding to these accusations, information about the origins of land status and the history of land use in palm oil plantations is required. Two case studies of large palm oil companies at PT TPR and PT RAJ in South Sumatra Province were examined in this paper. Data collection was conducted using interviews, study of literature, map-overlays between palm oil plantation and Forest Use Agreement, Provincial Regional Spatial Planning maps for land status and interpreting Landsat imagery related to land use history. The results of the analysis indicates that both of the companies had earned Plantation Business Permit with land status based Forest Use Agreement on 1986 and the Minister of Forestry Decree on 2016, namely Other Use Area; Based on the historical description of the origin of land status at both company, it is known that when the oil palm plantation business permit and cultivation rights certificate were issued, the land status of the two large palm oil plantations was not a forest area.
Changes in plantation area and spatial modelling of forest and land fire vulnerability based on hotspot analysis 2019-2023 Ogan Ilir regency, South Sumatra
Authors: Wulandari R M , Syaufina L , Sitanggang I S , Jaya I N S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Forest and land fires cause problems in the form of burnt areas which damage the environment. Forest and land fires are a national environmental issue in Indonesia because they occur every year. This study aims to determine history of changes in plantation areas, especially oil palm and rubber, history of changes in number of annual hotspots and determine the level of fire vulnerability in plantation areas in Ogan Ilir Regency as an anticipation of plantation managers against fires. The method used is statistical analysis of changes history in plantation area and spatial modeling of fire vulnerability using ArcGIS. The results of the study showed that there was a change in land cover, especially an increase in oil palm and rubber plantations in 2016, which was one year after the increase in hotspots in 2015, this shows the use of burnt land, whether intentionally or not, as a plantation. The vulnerability of fires in Ogan Ilir is classified as very low (31.20%), low (47.11%), moderate (9.53%) and high (11.92%). The distribution of forest and land fire vulnerability is in the southwest and southeast of Ogan Ilir which are adjacent to oil palm plantation areas, this is because historically the burned land was used as a plantation either directly or already overgrown with shrubs. The results of this study provide implications for oil palm plantation managers to improve monitoring of land conditions, especially during dry months and in certain years. This needs to be considered for better plantation management.
It was not deforestation that prompted some oil palm smallholding plantations in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Aprillyasari W M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
While the palm oil industry is economically beneficial for industry and locals, it has faced critiques due to its role in deforestation. The accusations often do not contemplate the historical land use and land cover (LULC) before the palms were planted. The negative “branding” of destructive palm plantations can lead to consumers’ low desire to buy the products, suppressing local economic development. Therefore, this research aimed to prove otherwise by analyzing the historical LULC changes in four oil palm smallholdings in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Information was obtained through interviews, literature reviews, and satellite image analysis. Literatures on oil palm customers revealed the links between smallholders, customer demands, and deforestation. Since deforestation strongly affects customer’s view, tracing back to the historical LULC on the smallholdings revealed that the lands used to be unattended shrubs, peat lands and dryland farms as other-land-use area. Hence, they were proven not to have converted any legal forest area into monoculture plantations. The different views of international and national on deforestation term needs to have common ground and discussed deeper for better view on Indonesian oil palm production.
Governing the world’s largest country
Authors: Taylor Brian D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter unpacks how geography has shaped Russia’s political system over time. Two issues are highlighted. First, Russia’s immense scale and difficult climate led Russia’s rulers to seek to centralize control to keep the country from falling apart. Second, and related, the creation of a transcontinental and multinational empire reinforced these centralizing impulses. The collapse of that empire in 1991 with the demise of the Soviet Union opened up the possibility for Russia to become a more decentralized and democratic federal political system. But Russian President Vladimir Putin has behaved as if the country is in danger of further collapse, leading him to undermine a federal system that might be the best possible way to govern a country of Russia’s scale, complexity, and multiethnic population. Finally, the chapter’s conclusion considers how climate change is presenting new challenges to Russia’s political and economic development.
Causal inference in multi-cohort studies using the target trial framework to identify and minimize sources of bias
Authors: Downes Marnie , O’Connor Meredith , Olsson Craig A , Burgner David , Goldfeld Sharon , Spry Elizabeth A , Patton George , Moreno-Betancur Margarita 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Longitudinal cohort studies, which follow a group of individuals over time, provide the opportunity to examine causal effects of complex exposures on long-term health outcomes. Utilizing data from multiple cohorts has the potential to add further benefit by improving precision of estimates through data pooling and by allowing examination of effect heterogeneity through replication of analyses across cohorts. However, the interpretation of findings can be complicated by biases that may be compounded when pooling data, or, contribute to discrepant findings when analyses are replicated. The “target trial” is a powerful tool for guiding causal inference in single-cohort studies. Here we extend this conceptual framework to address the specific challenges that can arise in the multi-cohort setting. By representing a clear definition of the target estimand, the target trial provides a central point of reference against which biases arising in each cohort and from data pooling can be systematically assessed. Consequently, analyses can be designed to reduce these biases and the resulting findings appropriately interpreted in light of potential remaining biases. We use a case study to demonstrate the framework and its potential to strengthen causal inference in multi-cohort studies through improved analysis design and clarity in the interpretation of findings.
Special Collection: N/A.
An aspirin-free strategy for percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes: a pre-specified subgroup analysis of the STOPDAPT-3 trial
Authors: Yamamoto Ko , Natsuaki Masahiro , Watanabe Hirotoshi , Morimoto Takeshi , Obayashi Yuki , Nishikawa Ryusuke , Ando Kenji , Suwa Satoru , Isawa Tsuyoshi , Takenaka Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Ikari Yuji , Kurita Tairo , Kaitani Kazuaki , Sugimoto Atsuhiko , Ogata Nobuhiko , Ikuta Akihiro , Hashimoto Katsushi , Ishibashi Yuki , Masuda Kazunori , Miyabe Tomonori , Ono Koh , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Safety of aspirin-free strategy immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes was unknown.

Methods and results
We conducted the prespecified subgroup analysis on diabetes in the STOPDAPT-3 trial, which randomly compared prasugrel (3.75 mg/day) monotherapy (2984 patients) to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with prasugrel and aspirin (2982 patients) in patients with acute coronary syndrome or high bleeding risk. The co-primary endpoints were major bleeding events (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 or 5) and cardiovascular events (a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis, or stroke) at 1 month. Of 5966 study patients, there were 2715 patients (45.5%) with diabetes. Patients with diabetes more often had chronic coronary syndrome, heart failure or cardiogenic shock, and comorbidities than those without. Patients with diabetes compared to those without had higher incidences of major bleeding and cardiovascular events. Regardless of diabetes, the effect of no-aspirin relative to DAPT was not different for the co-primary bleeding (diabetes: 5.05% vs. 5.47%; HR, 0.92; 95%CI, 0.66–1.28 and non-diabetes: 3.99% vs. 4.07%; HR, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.69–1.38; P for interaction = 0.81) and cardiovascular (diabetes: 5.54% vs. 5.15%; HR, 1.08; 95%CI, 0.78–1.49 and non-diabetes: 2.95% vs. 2.47%; HR, 1.20; 95%CI, 0.79–1.82; P for interaction = 0.70) endpoints. The incidences of subacute definite or probable stent thrombosis and any coronary revascularization were higher in the no-aspirin group than in the DAPT group regardless of diabetes.

Conclusions
The effects of an aspirin-free prasugrel monotherapy (3.75 mg/day) relative to DAPT for major bleeding and cardiovascular events were not different regardless of diabetes.
The opioid industry's use of scientific evidence to advance claims about prescription opioid safety and effectiveness
Authors: Gupta Ravi , Chernesky Jason , Lembke Anna , Michaels David , Tomori Cecilia , Greene Jeremy A , Alexander G Caleb , Koon Adam D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
It is widely recognized that pharmaceutical marketing contributed to the ongoing US opioid epidemic, but less is understood about how the opioid industry used scientific evidence to generate product demand, shape opioid regulation, and change clinician behavior. In this qualitative study, we characterize select scientific articles used by industry to support safety and effectiveness claims and use a novel database, the Opioid Industry Documents Archive, to determine notable elements of industry and non-industry documents citing the scientific articles to advance each claim. We found that 15 scientific articles were collectively mentioned in 3666 documents supporting 5 common, inaccurate claims: opioids are effective for treatment of chronic, non-cancer pain; opioids are “rarely” addictive; “pseudo-addiction” is due to inadequate pain management; no opioid dose is too high; and screening tools can identify those at risk of developing addiction. The articles contributed to the eventual normalization of these claims by symbolically associating the claims with scientific evidence, building credibility, expanding and diversifying audiences and the parties asserting the claims, and obfuscating conflicts of interest. These findings have implications for regulators of industry products and corporate activity and can inform efforts to prevent similar public health crises.
Transcendence and Normality of Complex Numbers via Hurwitz Continued Fractions
Authors: García-Ramos Felipe , González Robert Gerardo , Hussain Mumtaz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study the topological, dynamical, and descriptive set-theoretic properties of Hurwitz continued fractions. Hurwitz continued fractions associate an infinite sequence of Gaussian integers to every complex number that is not a Gaussian rational. The resulting space of sequences of Gaussian integers $\Omega $ is not closed. Using an iterative procedure, we show that $\Omega $ contains a natural subset whose closure $\overline{\textsf{R}}$ encodes continued fraction expansions of complex numbers that are not Gaussian rationals. We prove that $(\overline{\textsf{R}}, \sigma )$ is a subshift with a feeble specification property. As an application, we determine the rank in the Borel hierarchy of the set of Hurwitz normal numbers with respect to the complex Gauss measure. We also construct a family of complex transcendental numbers with bounded partial quotients.
Spanier–Whitehead K-Duality and Duality of Extensions of C*-Algebras
Authors: Pennig Ulrich , Sogabe Taro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
KK-theory is a bivariant and homotopy-invariant functor on $C^{*}$-algebras that combines K-theory and K-homology. KK-groups form the morphisms in a triangulated category. Spanier–Whitehead K-duality intertwines the homological with the cohomological side of KK-theory. Any extension of a unital $C^{*}$-algebra by the compacts has two natural exact triangles associated to it (the extension sequence itself and a mapping cone sequence). We find a duality (based on Spanier–Whitehead K-duality) that interchanges the roles of these two triangles together with their six-term exact sequences. This allows us to give a categorical picture for the duality of Cuntz–Krieger–Toeplitz extensions discovered by K. Matsumoto.
Postcards from the Pandemic: Women, Intersectionality, and Gendered Risks in the Global COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: K C Luna , MacKenzie Megan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis created, and continues to produce, unprecedented challenges globally. Marginalized and racialized families, communities, and nations are experiencing their worst impacts, and in particular, women and girls are the hardest hit. The most pressing concerns raised by COVID-19 include a surge in gender-based violence, a rise in care burden, the feminization of poverty, and growing unemployment, largely in the Global South and conflict-affected regions. Drawing on feminist security studies and intersectionality literature, this forum explores gendered risks in the COVID-19 era, focusing on the security of women and girls from racialized and marginalized backgrounds in both the Global North and South. This forum presents seven short papers providing rich data on a range of case studies that include Yemen, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Canada, India, and Burundi. The contributions draw attention to the multilayered, diverse, intersectional, complex, and contextual gendered risks associated with the pandemic. The through line themes of intersectional identities, patriarchy, conflict, post-conflict, militarization, and marginalization are used to illustrate how gendered risks are (re)constructed during and after the COVID-19 crisis. This forum launched what we hope will offer a new research agenda and support to provide scholarly terrain for future research. This forum section not only provides insights into the vast and complex gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic but also sparks broader thinking about everyday forms of insecurity that women and girls face in global crises.
A model of the zone-of-interests test
Authors: Lee Yoon-Ho Alex 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article offers the first comprehensive economic analysis of the zone-of-interests test from administrative law. Applying concepts from polar coordinates and inner products, we construct a model of the zone-of-interests test that provides answers to many of the puzzling questions stemming from the doctrine. The results suggest that the zone-of-interests test can be understood as Congress’s attempt to cabin judicial review to ensure that litigation based on administrative rule challenges would lead to outcomes that are timely and consistent with Congress’s intent behind the subject statute. Our model also illustrates a relationship between the zone-of-interests doctrine and the standing doctrine. In extensions, we also consider how the doctrine can be rationalized as safeguarding against substantive court errors and economizing on judicial resources, and why certain statutes may include citizen-suit provisions while others do not. (JEL K23, K41)
Reversible role of MIR654/3P and MIR9/3P in pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus–negative, but not Epstein-Barr virus–positive, Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Gong Yu , Fu Wenhua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The role of MIR654 in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and whether it impacts expression of MYC and its downstream activated MIR9 is not known. Expression of MYC, MYCN, MYCL, MIR9/3P, MIR654/5P, and MIR654/3P was assessed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in biopsy samples from Epstein-Barr virus–negative (EBV−) and EBV+ BL patients and BL cell lines. Effects of modulation of MIR9/3P and MIR654/3P on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and chemosensitivity were evaluated. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the putative target of MIR654/5P. Effects of MIR9/3P and MIR654/3P on tumor burden and disease outcome were evaluated using xenograft model of BL. Expression of MYC, MYCN, and MIR9/3P was higher in all BL patient samples and cell lines. Expression of MIR654/3P was downregulated in EBV− BL patient samples and cell lines compared with either noncancer lymphoid-reactive hyperplasia or EBV+ samples and cell lines. Additionally, MIR654/3P overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and increased chemosensitivity in EBV− BL cell lines. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that MYC is a target of MIR654/3P in both EBV− and EBV+ BL cell lines; however, the effect of MIR654/3P-mediated targeting of MYC is overridden in EBV+ cells. Administration of MIR654/3P mimic or MIR9/3P antagomir in the xenograft model decreased tumor burden and increased survival. Combined intervention with MIR654/3P mimic and MIR9/3P antagomir had synergistic action on decreasing tumor burden and improving disease outcome. MIR654/3P, as a putative tumor suppressor in EBV− BL, collaborating with MIR9/3P might serve as a therapeutic agent to treat EBV− BL patients in combination with existing chemotherapy and immunotherapy regimes.
Electroencephalography
Authors: Lüders Hans O. , Noachtar Soheyl , Rémi Jan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This book is an instructional textbook and reference atlas, serving as an instruction guide for the beginner in electroencephalography and as a reference atlas for the experienced electroencephalogram (EEG) reader. It provides a highly systematic guide of the process of understanding and interpreting EEG. The book systematically describes abnormal EEG findings and their differentiation from normal variants, which may imitate the abnormal EEG patterns. It provides normal and abnormal EEG patterns in a structured classification based on more than 400 figures. All EEG examples shown in the book are available electronically in reformatted EEG montages. This allows the reader a completely new approach to EEG interpretation that follows the routine of EEG reading with digital EEG machines.
Introduction
Authors: Shorter Edward 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the physicians who created the mass use of antidepressants and antipsychotics, including the industry that whispered in their ears. It defines psychopharmacology as the investigation of systematically different effects of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs on different mind and brain diseases. It also implies that the age of psychopharmacology is an entire medical culture, as well as a whole popular culture, that has become an “age.” The chapter elaborates how psychiatry has been buffeted by “cycles” in which the dominant paradigm changes quite dramatically, such as the shift from psychoanalysis to biological psychiatry. It mentions Frank Berger, a Czech-born psychiatrist who stated that most people he saw really had no psychiatric disorders but were people who had not been prepared to handle all the crises of life.
Funding and Connecting Disjointed Mental Health Services to Ensure the Right Services, the First Time
Authors: Cohen Deborah , Klodnick Vanessa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The United States is in a public mental health crisis, despite policy efforts and practice improvements over the last 75 years. The mental health system remains complicated, disjointed, and difficult to navigate—leaving many without treatment access. This chapter reimagines US mental health care as a tailored care continuum equitably available to all experiencing distress, and responsive to social determinants of health among people experiencing intersecting disadvantage, vulnerability, and marginalization. It details the unique needs of people who are involved in the criminal justice system, experiencing homelessness, and transitioning from child to adult services, and propose several feasible system-level improvements and practice reforms. If such approaches were systematically scaled up via federal and state sponsorship, the United States could achieve a true continuum of community mental health care that is prevention-focused and responsive to a wide array of mental health needs.