bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Two Protocols to Measure the Accuracy of Fixed Dental Prostheses: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Schönberger Joana , Erdelt Kurt‐Jürgen , Bäumer Daniel , Beuer Florian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this in vitro study was to compare two measurement protocols of the internal and marginal fit of three‐unit zirconia fixed dental prostheses (FDPs).Materials and MethodsForty‐four FDPs were fabricated for standardized dies by two laboratory CAD/CAM systems: Cercon (n = 22) and Ceramill (n = 22). The fitting was tested using a replica technique (RT = technique 1) with a light‐body silicone stabilized with heavy‐body material. After producing the replicas, cross‐sections were made in the buccolingual and mesiodistal directions. FDPs were cemented on definitive dies, embedded, and sectioned (CST = technique 2). The marginal and internal fits were measured under an optical microscope at 50x magnification with a special software program. Data evaluation was performed according to prior studies at a level of significance of 5%.ResultsThe mean internal gap width was 51 ± 36 μm for the RT and 52 ± 35 μm for the cross‐section technique (CST) (p = 0.74). The mean marginal gap width was 27 ± 18 μm for RT and 30 ± 19 μm for CST (p = 0.19). Statistical tests showed no significant differences (p > 0.05).ConclusionsBoth techniques can be used for fit evaluation; however, the noninvasive RT is suitable for clinical use.
Reliability and validity of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire in a sample of Spanish university students
Authors: Roldán‐Merino J. , Lluch‐Canut M. T. , Casas I. , Sanromà‐Ortíz M. , Ferré‐Grau C. , Sequeira C. , Falcó‐Pegueroles A. , Soares D. , Puig‐Llobet M. 
Published: February 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

In general, the current studies of positive mental health use questionnaires or parts thereof. However, while these questionnaires evaluate aspects of positive mental health, they fail to measure the construct itself.

What does this paper add to existing knowledge?

The widespread use and the lack of specific questionnaires for evaluating the positive mental health construct justify the need to measure the robustness of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire. Also six factors are proposed to measure positive mental health.

What are the implications for practice?

The availability of a good questionnaire to measure positive mental health in university students is useful not only to promote mental health but also to strengthen the curricula of future professionals.

AbstractIntroductionNursing has a relevant role in managing mental health. It is important to identify and thereafter to enhance positive aspects of mental health among university nursing students.AimThe aim of the present study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ) in terms of reliability and validity using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of university students.MethodA cross‐sectional study was carried out in a sample of 1091 students at 4 nursing schools in Catalonia, Spain. The reliability of the PMHQ was measured by means of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the test‐retest stability was measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the validity of the factorial structure.ResultsCronbach's alpha coefficient was satisfactory (>0.70) for four of the six subscales or dimensions and ranged from 0.54 to 0.79. ICC analysis was satisfactory for the six subscales or dimensions. The hypothesis was confirmed in the analysis of the correlations between subclasses and the overall scale, with the strongest correlations being found between the majority of the subscales and the overall scale. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model proposed for the factors fit the data satisfactorily.DiscussionThis scale is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating positive mental health in university students.Implications for PracticeA good questionnaire to measure positive mental health in university students is useful not only to promote mental health but also to strengthen the curricula of future professionals.
The Costs and Benefits of Party Switching in Mexico
Authors: Kerevel Yann P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAre party switchers successful at furthering their careers? Most research on party switching focuses on the decision to switch and with which party to affiliate. Less attention is paid to the costs and benefits of switching parties. Moreover, previous research examining the electoral success of party switchers has often ignored how costs vary between the candidate selection process and the general election. This study addresses this gap in the literature by using original data on the careers of Mexican federal deputies to examine the costs and benefits of switching parties at the candidate selection stage and during general elections. The results suggest that party switchers are more successful at winning ballot access than nonswitchers but are less likely to win office. These results help explain why ambitious politicians would switch parties, given the known risks of changing party affiliation.
Teruelia dieziigen. et sp. nov.: an early polysporangiophyte from the Lower Devonian of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Cascales‐Miñana Borja , Gerrienne PhIlippe 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA new basal land plant,Teruelia dieziigen. et sp. nov., is described from the shallow‐water marine deposits of the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian–Pragian) Nogueras Formation of the Iberian Peninsula (north Gondwana palaeocontinent).Terueliais preserved as a compression fossil and consists of isotomously branched, robust stems terminated in large, fusiform, twisted sporangia. This morphology suggests thatTerueliais very probably equivalent toAglaophyton, a permineralized early polysporangiophyte known up to now only from the Lower Devonian (early Pragian to ?earliest Emsian) Rhynie Chert in Scotland (Laurussia palaeocontinent), which represents an early terrestrial hot‐spring ecosystem. Accepted phylogenies identifyAglaophytonas sister to vascular plants. Our phylogeny‐based results identify theAglaophyton/Terueliabiological entity (i.e.Aglaophytonanatomical characters plusTerueliaexternal morphology) as the most direct vascular plant precursor. It shows that at least one Rhynie Chert type plant had a much wider distribution than previously known and suggests thatAglaophytonwas not restricted to hydrothermal environments, unlike other Rhynie Chert plants.
Characterization of Neofabraea vagabunda isolates causing apple bull's eye rot in Italy (Emilia‐Romagna region)
Authors: Cameldi I. , Neri F. , Menghini M. , Pirondi A. , Nanni I. M. , Collina M. , Mari M. 
Published: February 2017

Neofabraea vagabunda is the prevalent cause of bull's eye rot, one of the main postharvest diseases of apple, in many producing areas, but its biology has not been studied in detail. The molecular identification, by DNA sequencing of the β‐tubulin region, of 41 isolates collected from apples showing bull's eye rot in the Emilia‐Romagna region confirmed N. vagabunda as the main species in Italy. A biological and morphological characterization of N. vagabunda isolates was performed in vitro. Assays at temperatures ranging from 0 to 30 °C carried out on 10 isolates demonstrated: (i) a marked influence of temperature on colony morphology, conidial production, conidial size and mycelial growth, showing the cold‐tolerant character of N. vagabunda; and (ii) that culture at 15 °C on tomato agar (TA) for 14 days is a rapid and reliable method to favour pathogen conidial production. Trials performed on 38 isolates using these incubation conditions recorded the presence of two N. vagabunda morphotypes, differing for colony morphology, conidial size, conidiomata formation and temperature requirement. The alkalizing ability of the pathogen during growth on TA was also demonstrated for the first time. The pathogenicity of 25 N. vagabunda isolates was proved in vivo on artificially infected Cripps Pink apples. A pH increase was also recorded in apple tissue infected by N. vagabunda isolates (on average 0.2 and 0.3 units of pH after 60 and 120 days of incubation, respectively), suggesting that the N. vagabunda transition from quiescence to necrotrophic colonization in apples could involve the secretion of alkalizing compounds.
A national review of the clinical use of group O D– red blood cell units
Authors: Hirani Rena , Wong Janet , Diaz Perfecto , Mondy Phillip , Hogan Chris , Dennington Peta M. , Pink Joanne , Irving David O. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDThere has been an international decline in the demand for red blood cell (RBC) units. In Australia, there has been a 21% reduction in demand between 2012 and 2015. In contrast, the demand for the “universal” group O D– RBC units is in fact proportionally increasing.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe clinical use of the entire O D– RBC distribution for a 5‐week period throughout Australia was reviewed. Fate data on each unit issued (n = 9733) were collected that included the indication and urgency of transfusion, reason for discard, component age, and patient demographics.RESULTSA total of 74% of audit forms were returned (n = 7143). The national discard rate of issued units was 7.9%. A total of 6387 units were transfused into an estimated total of 3008 patients (55% males) with median patient age of 67 years and median RBC age of 21 days. Forty‐seven percent were transfused to group O D– patients. A total of 17.4% were chosen for specific phenotype requirements, 24.5% of units were transfused close to expiry, and 24.5% were transfused into patients of other ABO groups.CONCLUSIONThe data appear broadly representative of the current transfusion and inventory management practices surrounding the use of group O D– RBC units. Strategies to reduce O D RBC demand include reevaluation of inventory holdings particularly at smaller centers, increasing the panel of phenotyped RBC units across all ABO groups, more regular rotation of units between hospitals to minimize time expiry, and continuing education for promoting transfusion of ABO‐identical RBC units.
Investigation of perioperative and anesthetic variables affecting short‐term survival of horses with small intestinal strangulating lesions
Authors: Espinosa Pablo , Le Jeune Sarah S. , Cenani Alessia , Kass Philip H. , Brosnan Robert J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if preoperative and intraoperative physiologic variables, and surgical factors correlate with survival to anesthetic recovery or hospital discharge, repeat celiotomy, and postoperative nasogastric intubation (NGT) in horses undergoing exploratory celiotomy for small intestinal (SI) strangulating lesions.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsHorses that had surgical correction of SI strangulating lesions (n = 258).MethodsMedical records (January 2000‐December 2014) of horses that had surgical correction of SI strangulating lesions were reviewed. Data collection included signalment, preoperative physical examination variables, hematologic values, presence of gastric reflux, peritoneal fluid analysis, intraoperative physiologic variables, intraoperative findings/treatments, and arterial blood gas values. Risk factors for survival to anesthetic recovery and hospital discharge were determined using exact logistic regression.ResultsSurvival to anesthetic recovery was 76% and survival to discharge after anesthetic recovery was 79%. The difference between abdominal and peripheral lactate concentrations and intraoperative tachycardia were associated with not surviving to anesthetic recovery or hospital discharge. Intraoperative hypotension, hypocapnia, and low intraoperative packed cell volume (PCV) were negative predictors of survival to anesthetic recovery. Low intraoperative PCV was also associated with NGT postoperatively. Performing resection‐anastomosis and jejunocecostomy were associated with repeat celiotomy and with not surviving to hospital discharge.ConclusionSeveral hematological and cardiorespiratory variables show good correlation with short‐term survival in horses undergoing surgery for SI strangulating lesions. These variables are easily measured and could be useful for prognosticating survival in horses presenting with SI strangulating lesions.
Recombinant Isfahan Virus and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccine Vectors Provide Durable, Multivalent, Single-Dose Protection against Lethal Alphavirus Challenge
Authors: Nasar Farooq , Matassov Demetrius , Seymour Robert L. , Latham Theresa , Gorchakov Rodion V. , Nowak Rebecca M. , Leal Grace , Hamm Stefan , Eldridge John H. , Tesh Robert B. , Clarke David K. , Weaver Scott C. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

The demonstrated clinical efficacy of a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vaccine vector has stimulated the investigation of additional serologically distinct
Vesiculovirus
vectors as therapeutic and/or prophylactic vaccine vectors to combat emerging viral diseases. Among these viral threats are the encephalitic alphaviruses Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), which have demonstrated potential for natural disease outbreaks, yet no licensed vaccines are available in the event of an epidemic. Here we report the rescue of recombinant Isfahan virus (rISFV) from genomic cDNA as a potential new vaccine vector platform. The rISFV genome was modified to attenuate virulence and express the VEEV and EEEV E2/E1 surface glycoproteins as vaccine antigens. A single dose of the rISFV vaccine vectors elicited neutralizing antibody responses and protected mice from lethal VEEV and EEEV challenges at 1 month postvaccination as well as lethal VEEV challenge at 8 months postvaccination. A mixture of rISFV vectors expressing the VEEV and EEEV E2/E1 glycoproteins also provided durable, single-dose protection from lethal VEEV and EEEV challenges, demonstrating the potential for a multivalent vaccine formulation. These findings were paralleled in studies with an attenuated form of rVSV expressing the VEEV E2/E1 glycoproteins. Both the rVSV and rISFV vectors were attenuated by using an approach that has demonstrated safety in human trials of an rVSV/HIV-1 vaccine. Vaccines based on either of these vaccine vector platforms may present a safe and effective approach to prevent alphavirus-induced disease in humans.

IMPORTANCE
This work introduces rISFV as a novel vaccine vector platform that is serologically distinct and phylogenetically distant from VSV. The rISFV vector has been attenuated by an approach used for an rVSV vector that has demonstrated safety in clinical studies. The vaccine potential of the rISFV vector was investigated in a well-established alphavirus disease model. The findings indicate the feasibility of producing a safe, efficacious, multivalent vaccine against the encephalitic alphaviruses VEEV and EEEV, both of which can cause fatal disease. This work also demonstrates the efficacy of an attenuated rVSV vector that has already demonstrated safety and immunogenicity in multiple HIV-1 phase I clinical studies. The absence of serological cross-reactivity between rVSV and rISFV and their phylogenetic divergence within the
Vesiculovirus
genus indicate potential for two stand-alone vaccine vector platforms that could be used to target multiple bacterial and/or viral agents in successive immunization campaigns or as heterologous prime-boost agents.
Patterns of Cellular Immunity Associated with Experimental Infection with rDEN2Δ30 (Tonga/74) Support Its Suitability as a Human Dengue Virus Challenge Strain
Authors: Grifoni Alba , Angelo Michael , Sidney John , Paul Sinu , Peters Bjoern , de Silva Aruna D. , Phillips Elizabeth , Mallal Simon , Diehl Sean A. , Botten Jason , Boyson Jonathan , Kirkpatrick Beth D. , Whitehead Stephen S. , Durbin Anna P. , Sette Alessandro , Weiskopf Daniela 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

A deletion variant of the dengue virus (DENV) serotype 2 (DENV2) Tonga/74 strain lacking 30 nucleotides from its 3′ untranslated region (rDEN2Δ30) has previously been established for use in a controlled human DENV challenge model. To evaluate if this model is appropriate for the derivation of correlates of protection for DENV vaccines on the basis of cellular immunity, we wanted to compare the cellular immune response to this challenge strain to the response induced by natural infection. To achieve this, we predicted HLA class I- and class II-restricted peptides from rDEN2Δ30 and used them in a gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay to interrogate CD8
+
and CD4
+
T cell responses in healthy volunteers infected with rDEN2Δ30. At the level of CD8 responses, vigorous
ex vivo
responses were detected in approximately 80% of donors. These responses were similar in terms of the magnitude and the numbers of epitopes recognized to the responses previously observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from donors from regions where DENV is hyperendemic. The similarity extended to the immunodominance hierarchy of the DENV nonstructural proteins, with NS3, NS5, and NS1 being dominant in both donor cohorts. At the CD4 level, the responses to rDEN2Δ30 vaccination were less vigorous than those to natural DENV infection and were more focused on nonstructural proteins. The epitopes recognized following rDEN2Δ30 infection and natural infection were largely overlapping for both the CD8 (100%) and CD4 (85%) responses. Finally, rDEN2Δ30 induced stronger CD8 responses than other, more attenuated DENV isolates.

IMPORTANCE
The lack of a known correlate of protection and the failure of a neutralizing antibody to correlate with protection against dengue virus have highlighted the need for a human DENV challenge model to better evaluate the candidate live attenuated dengue vaccines. In this study, we sought to characterize the immune profiles of rDEN2Δ30-infected subjects and to compare the profiles with those for subjects from areas where DENV is hyperendemic. Our data demonstrate that T cell responses to rDENV2Δ30 are largely similar to those to natural infection in terms of specificity, highlighting that the response to this virus in humans is appropriate as a model for the T cell response to primary DENV2 infection.
The ATP-Dependent RNA Helicase DDX3X Modulates Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Gene Expression
Authors: Khadivjam Bita , Stegen Camille , Hogue-Racine Marc-Aurèle , El Bilali Nabil , Döhner Katinka , Sodeik Beate , Lippé Roger 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
The human protein DDX3X is a DEAD box ATP-dependent RNA helicase that regulates transcription, mRNA maturation, and mRNA export and translation. DDX3X concomitantly modulates the replication of several RNA viruses and promotes innate immunity. We previously showed that herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a human DNA virus, incorporates DDX3X into its mature particles and that DDX3X is required for optimal HSV-1 infectivity. Here, we show that viral gene expression, replication, and propagation depend on optimal DDX3X protein levels. Surprisingly, DDX3X from incoming viral particles was not required for the early stages of the HSV-1 infection, but, rather, the protein controlled the assembly of new viral particles. This was independent of the previously reported ability of DDX3X to stimulate interferon type I production. Instead, both the lack and overexpression of DDX3X disturbed viral gene transcription and thus subsequent genome replication. This suggests that in addition to its effect on RNA viruses, DDX3X impacts DNA viruses such as HSV-1 by an interferon-independent pathway.

IMPORTANCE
Viruses interact with a variety of cellular proteins to complete their life cycle. Among them is DDX3X, an RNA helicase that participates in most aspects of RNA biology, including transcription, splicing, nuclear export, and translation. Several RNA viruses and a limited number of DNA viruses are known to manipulate DDX3X for their own benefit. In contrast, DDX3X is also known to promote interferon production to limit viral propagation. Here, we show that DDX3X, which we previously identified in mature HSV-1 virions, stimulates HSV-1 gene expression and, consequently, virion assembly by a process that is independent of its ability to promote the interferon pathway.
Atypical RNA Elements Modulate Translational Readthrough in Tobacco Necrosis Virus D
Authors: Newburn Laura R. , White K. Andrew 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Tobacco necrosis virus, strain D (TNV-D), is a positive-strand RNA virus in the genus
Betanecrovirus
and family
Tombusviridae
. The production of its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, p82, is achieved by translational readthrough. This process is stimulated by an RNA structure that is positioned immediately downstream of the recoding site, termed the readthrough stem-loop (RTSL), and a sequence in the 3′ untranslated region of the TNV-D genome, called the distal readthrough element (DRTE). Notably, a base pairing interaction between the RTSL and the DRTE, spanning ∼3,000 nucleotides, is required for enhancement of readthrough. Here, some of the structural features of the RTSL, as well as RNA sequences and structures that flank either the RTSL or DRTE, were investigated for their involvement in translational readthrough and virus infectivity. The results revealed that (i) the RTSL-DRTE interaction cannot be functionally replaced by stabilizing the RTSL structure, (ii) a novel tertiary RNA structure positioned just 3′ to the RTSL is required for optimal translational readthrough and virus infectivity, and (iii) these same activities also rely on an RNA stem-loop located immediately upstream of the DRTE. Functional counterparts for the RTSL-proximal structure may also be present in other tombusvirids. The identification of additional distinct RNA structures that modulate readthrough suggests that regulation of this process by genomic features may be more complex than previously appreciated. Possible roles for these novel RNA elements are discussed.

IMPORTANCE
The analysis of factors that affect recoding events in viruses is leading to an ever more complex picture of this important process. In this study, two new atypical RNA elements were shown to contribute to efficient translational readthrough of the TNV-D polymerase and to mediate robust viral genome accumulation in infections. One of the structures, located close to the recoding site, could have functional equivalents in related genera, while the other structure, positioned 3′ proximally in the viral genome, is likely limited to betanecroviruses. Irrespective of their prevalence, the identification of these novel RNA elements adds to the current repertoire of viral genome-based modulators of translational readthrough and provides a notable example of the complexity of regulation of this process.