bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model reduction permits Turing instability analysis of arbitrary reaction-diffusion models
Authors: Smith Stephen , Dalchau Neil 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSynthesising a genetic network which generates stable Turing patterns is one of the great challenges of synthetic biology, but a significant obstacle is the disconnect between the mathematical theory and the biological reality. Current mathematical understanding of patterning is typically restricted to systems of 2 or 3 chemical species, for which equations are tractable, but plausible genetic networks typically consist of dozens of interacting species. In this article, we suggest a method for reducing large biochemical systems to systems with 2 or 3 species which can then be studied analytically. We provide conditions to guarantee that the full system forms patterns if the reduced system does, and vice-versa. We confirm our technique with 3 examples: the Brusselator, an example proposed by Turing, and a biochemically plausible patterning system consisting of 17 species. These examples show that our method significantly simplifies the study of pattern formation in large systems.
Revisiting criteria for plant miRNA annotation in the era of big data
Authors: Axtell Michael J. , Meyers Blake C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~21 nucleotide-long regulatory RNAs that arise from endonucleolytic processing of hairpin precursors. Many function as essential post-transcriptional regulators of target mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. Alongside miRNAs, plants also produce large numbers of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which are distinguished from miRNAs primarily by their biogenesis (typically processed from long double-stranded RNA instead of single-stranded hairpins) and functions (typically via roles in transcriptional regulation instead of post-transcriptional regulation). Next-generation DNA sequencing methods have yielded extensive datasets of plant small RNAs, resulting in many miRNA annotations, occasionally inaccurately curated. The sheer number of endogenous siRNAs compared to miRNAs has been a major factor in the erroneous annotation of siRNAs as miRNAs. Here, we provide updated criteria for the confident annotation of plant miRNAs, suitable for the era of “big data” from DNA sequencing. The updated criteria emphasize replication, the minimization of false positives, and they require next-generation sequencing of small RNAs. We argue that improved annotation systems are needed for miRNAs and all other classes of plant small RNAs. Finally, to illustrate the complexities of miRNA and siRNA annotation, we review the evolution and functions of miRNAs and siRNAs in plants.
A Defect in Influenza A Virus Particle Assembly Specific to Primary Human Macrophages
Authors: Bedi Sukhmani , Noda Takeshi , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Ono Akira 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe primary target of Influenza A virus (IAV) is epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. In contrast to epithelial cells, productive infection of most IAV strains is either blocked or highly inefficient in macrophages. The exact nature of the defect in IAV replication in human macrophages remains unknown. In this study, we showed that primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) are inefficient in IAV release even when compared to a monocytic cell line differentiated to macrophage-like cells, despite comparable levels of expression of viral glycoproteins at the plasma membrane. Correlative fluorescence scanning electron microscopy revealed that formation of budding structures at the cell surface is inefficient in MDM even though clustering of a viral glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA), is observed, suggesting that IAV particle assembly is blocked in human MDM. Using anin situproximity ligation assay, we further determined that association between HA and the viral ion channel protein M2 is defective at the plasma membrane of MDM. In contrast, HA and another glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA) associate with each other on the MDM surface efficiently. Notably, the defect in association between HA and M2 in MDM was reversed upon inhibition of actin polymerization by cytochalasin D. Altogether, these results suggest that HA-M2 association on the plasma membrane is a discrete step in the IAV assembly process, which is separable from the association between HA and NA and susceptible to suppression by actin cytoskeleton. Overall, our study revealed the presence of a cell-type-specific mechanism negatively regulating IAV assembly at the plasma membrane.ImportanceIdentification of host cell determinants promoting or suppressing replication of many viruses has been aided by analyses of host cells that impose inherent blocks on viral replication. In this study, we show that primary human MDM are not permissive to IAV replication due to a defect at the virus particle formation step. This defect is specific to primary human macrophages, since a human monocytic cell line differentiated to macrophage-like cells supports IAV particle formation. We further identified association between two viral transmembrane proteins, HA and M2, on the cell surface as a discrete assembly step, which is defective in MDM. Defective HA-M2 association in MDM is rescued by disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, revealing a previously unknown, negative role for actin polymerization, which is generally thought to play positive roles in IAV assembly. Overall, our study uncovered a host-mediated restriction of association between viral transmembrane components during IAV assembly.
Mediation effects of trust and contracts on knowledge-sharing and product innovation
Authors: Charterina Jon , Landeta Jon , Basterretxea Imanol 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the mediating role of contracts and trust on the generation of product innovations stemming from buyer-supplier knowledge-sharing (KS) among the members of the supply chain. Together with the individual effects of trust and contracts, their joint effect is examined in order to determine whether these are complementary or alternative mechanisms of safeguarding and control.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on a survey of 202 European machine tool firms acting as buyers and sellers, the authors propose and evaluate a structural equation model.FindingsResults confirm that there is a positive relation between contracts and trust with respect to buyer-supplier KS, and of the latter with respect to innovation performance. They also show that firms in which both the levels of trust and contract use are high reinforce their product-innovation capability based on buyer-supplier interaction (complementarity thesis). However, results also show that, contrary to trust, contracts by themselves do not act as a stimulus for product innovation.Research limitations/implicationsEstablishing contracts seems to be a highly recommended action in a buyer-supplier relationship focused on increasing innovation capacity. This does not go against engendering trust in a relationship. Both trust with a degree of formalization, in different ways, help to increase the effect of sharing valuable knowledge on innovation capacity.Originality/valueTo the authors’ best knowledge, no prior study has delved into differentiating the use of contracts and trust as mechanisms in mediating the effect originated from knowledge-sharing on product innovation performance with two different samples formed by buying and selling firms.
Police and partners: new ways of working together in Montréal
Authors: Beaulieu Marie , Côté Michelle , Diaz Luisa 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an inter-agency practice integrated within a police intervention model which was developed for police officers and their partners in Montréal.Design/methodology/approachThe Integrated Police Response for Abused Seniors (IPRAS) action research project (2013-2016) developed, tested, and implemented a police intervention model to counter elder abuse. Two linked phases of data collection were carried out: a diagnostic of police practices and needs (year 1) and an evaluation of the implementation of the intervention model and the resulting effects (years 2 and 3).FindingsThe facilitating elements to support police involvement in inter-agency practices include implementing a coordination structure regarding abuse cases as well as designating clear guidelines of the roles of both the police and their partners. The critical challenges involve staff turnover, time management and the exchange of information. It was recognised by all involved that it is crucial to collaborate while prioritising resource investment and governmental support, with regards to policy and financing, as well as adequate training.Practical implicationsThe IPRAS model is transferable because its components can be adapted and implemented according to different police services. A guideline for implementing the model is available.Originality/valueIn the scientific literature, inter-agency collaboration is highly recommended but only a few models have been evaluated. This paper presents an inter-agency approach embedded in an evaluated police intervention model.
Exploring care home providers’ public commitments to human rights in light of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights
Authors: Emmer De Albuquerque Green Caroline 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore care home providers’ public communications covering their commitments to respecting residents’ the human rights. The discussion considers the United Nations guiding principles on business and human rights United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) and a domestic legal and regulatory human rights framework.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative content analysis undertaken in 2017 of 70 websites of England’s largest commercial care home providers.

Findings
There are strong value-based public commitments in the websites of many English care home providers, which may or may not be interpreted as expressing their commitments to human rights.

Research limitations/implications
Research was limited to websites, which are public facing and marketing tools of care home providers. This does not provide inferences regarding the practical implementation of value-based statements or human-rights-based procedures or policies. This paper does not make any value judgements regarding either the public communications of care home providers or normative claims regarding human rights and care home service provision.

Practical implications
There is a need for clarification and debate about the potential role and added value of the corporate responsibility to respect human rights and the UNGPs’ operating principles within the English residential care sector. Further exploration of the relationship between personalisation/person-centred care and human rights might be useful.

Originality/value
This paper introduces the UNGPs and corporate responsibility to respect human rights to the debate on human rights, personalised/person-centred care, safeguarding and care homes in England. It adds a new perspective to discussions of the human rights obligations of care home providers.
“Doing good” while serving customers
Authors: Roundy Philip T. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Social entrepreneurship represents an unconventional, but increasingly prevalent, activity in developed and emerging economies. Social entrepreneurs devise novel business models that blend business and social missions with the aim of (co-)producing value with two primary stakeholder groups, beneficiaries and customers. Although interactions between social entrepreneurs and their beneficiaries are well-studied, the relationship between social ventures and consumers has received almost no extended attention.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative, partially-inductive approach based on interviews with 40 social entrepreneurs, a study of how social entrepreneurs market their ventures to consumers was conducted.

Findings
Findings reveal the ways in which marketing is relevant for social entrepreneurs, the unique challenges and opportunities entrepreneurs face in their interactions with customers, and the tactics entrepreneurs use to understand and educate their consumers.

Originality/value
The study’s findings contribute to work on social entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurship and marketing interface and have practical implications for social entrepreneurs.
Roles of self-monitoring, fashion involvement and technology readiness in an individual’s propensity to use mobile shopping
Authors: Celik Hakan , Kocaman Ridvan 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the relationships between self-monitoring, fashion involvement and technology readiness in the mobile shopping context. Although mobile shopping is still a novel activity in Turkish economical and social spheres, it has the potential to become an important driver of B2C electronic commerce in Turkey. Many Turkish firms have already extended their multichannel strategies by integrating a mobile channel into their pre-existing on-line and off-line channels. However, customers should be ready to actually embrace mobile commerce for the success of these strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
To test the proposed research hypotheses, a survey was administrated online to 284 volunteer undergraduate students, who were potential users of mobile shopping channel. The measurement items were developed by adapting and modifying the previously validated 13-item, self-monitoring, 16-item technology readiness index 2.0 and 5-item fashion involvement scales.

Findings
Results from a partial least squares analysis showed that the ability to modify self-presentation has a significant moderating influence on fashion involvement and technology readiness relationships. However, the moderating effect of sensitivity to the expressive behaviours of others for the same relationship was found to be insignificant. Further, fashion involvement appeared to have significant and direct influences on both technology readiness and attitudes towards mobile shopping. Finally, strong relationships between technology readiness, attitude and intentions to use mobile shopping were detected.

Originality/value
There has been little research effort conducted to examine the proposed relationships between the cited research variables in a non-Western country. Therefore, these study results yielded valuable insights for both theory and actual practice.
Libraries of Babel: exploring library language and its suitability for the community
Authors: Fauchelle Michael Alexander 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the different aspects of language that are present in the signage, handouts and websites of public libraries. It discusses the extent to which this language reflects the varying demographics of library clients.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reports on a qualitative study, which took a document analysis approach and utilised an inductive-coding technique to analyse data collected from four lower North Island libraries in New Zealand.FindingsFive language aspects were identified from the collected data: monolingual, bilingual and multilingual language; language context; welcoming and prohibitive language; language consistency; and jargon. The nature and incidence of these aspects were evaluated for each of the four libraries. In some cases, the libraries achieve an accurate reflection of client demographics through their language. However, each library could make some changes to their use of language to better accommodate their distinct communities.Practical implicationsThis paper suggests that modifying library language to better reflect client demographics will contribute to an atmosphere of inclusion, welcome and acceptance. Such an atmosphere will promote information access for all members of the community. Recommendations for change are made, as well as suggestions for future research.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the body of knowledge on communication and language in libraries, particularly in a New Zealand context where there is a paucity of research on this topic. This paper benefits libraries and clients by identifying patterns, contrasts and potential improvements.
Adaptation to care dependency in community care
Authors: Vingare Emme-Li , Umb Carlsson Õie 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the lived experiences of adapting to care dependency among adults receiving health and social care in ordinary housing.

Design/methodology/approach
This was done by conducting a phenomenological study by interviewing ten adults, receiving home care services in ordinary housing.

Findings
Participants not only adapted by becoming a “good patient” but they had four strategies they used: sociability, distance, competence and compliance, contributing to a sense of dignity and personal safety.

Research limitations/implications
Further research is needed regarding how to preserve quality of care with adults with various ways of adapting to care dependency.

Practical implications
The relationship between professionals and adults in care dependency is a dynamic process where a need for understanding different modes of adaptation is vital. Good treatment and quality care may be different things to different adults, depending on what aspects of the process of adaptation concern them the most, and depending on their individual adaptation strategy.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the understanding of modes of adaptation to care dependency from the perspective of adults indicating that working person centered may include respecting strategies not traditionally being associated with “the good patient.”
Phylogeny and genomics of SAUL, an enigmatic bacterial lineage frequently associated with marine sponges
Authors: Astudillo‐García Carmen , Slaby Beate M. , Waite David W. , Bayer Kristina , Hentschel Ute , Taylor Michael W. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryMany marine sponges contain dense and diverse communities of associated microorganisms. Members of the ‘sponge‐associated unclassified lineage’ (SAUL) are frequently recorded from sponges, yet little is known about these bacteria. Here we investigated the distribution and phylogenetic status of SAUL. A meta‐analysis of the available literature revealed the widespread distribution of this clade and its association with taxonomically varied sponge hosts. Phylogenetic analyses, conducted using both 16S rRNA gene‐based phylogeny and concatenated marker protein sequences, revealed that SAUL is a sister clade of the candidate phylum ‘Latescibacteria’. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of two draft genomes assembled from sponge metagenomes, revealing novel insights into the physiology of this symbiont. Metabolic reconstruction suggested that SAUL members are aerobic bacteria with facultative anaerobic metabolism, with the capacity to degrade multiple sponge‐ and algae‐derived carbohydrates. We described for the first time in a sponge symbiont the putative genomic capacity to transport phosphate into the cell and to produce and store polyphosphate granules, presumably constituting a phosphate reservoir for the sponge host in deprivation periods. Our findings suggest that the lifestyle of SAUL is symbiotic with the host sponge, and identify symbiont factors which may facilitate the establishment and maintenance of this relationship.
Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of a model facultative pathogen: Agrobacterium and crown gall disease of plants
Authors: Barton Ian S. , Fuqua Clay , Platt Thomas G. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryMany important pathogens maintain significant populations in highly disparate disease and non‐disease environments. The consequences of this environmental heterogeneity in shaping the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of these facultative pathogens are incompletely understood. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the causative agent for crown gall disease of plants has proven a productive model for many aspects of interactions between pathogens and their hosts and with other microbes. In this review, we highlight how this past work provides valuable context for the use of this system to examine how heterogeneity and transitions between disease and non‐disease environments influence the ecology and evolution of facultative pathogens. We focus on several features common among facultative pathogens, such as the physiological remodelling required to colonize hosts from environmental reservoirs and the consequences of competition with host and non‐host associated microbiota. In addition, we discuss how the life history of facultative pathogens likely often results in ecological tradeoffs associated with performance in disease and non‐disease environments. These pathogens may therefore have different competitive dynamics in disease and non‐disease environments and are subject to shifting selective pressures that can result in pathoadaptation or the within‐host spread of avirulent phenotypes.
Use of Xylazine in Drug‐Facilitated Crimes
Authors: Krongvorakul Jatupon , Auparakkitanon Saranya , Trakulsrichai Satariya , Sanguanwit Pitsucha , Sueajai Jetjamnong , Noumjad Nantida , Wananukul Winai 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHuman xylazine poisoning is uncommon. This report describes the use of xylazine for intentional poisoning with criminal intent. Two incidents occurred within 3 weeks: the first involved one victim, and the second involved two victims. The clinical presentations were brief coma, bradycardia, hypotension, and hyperglycemia. The victims recalled having been given a drink from a stranger in a hospital waiting room before loss of consciousness. In the first case, general drug screening by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (MS) revealed xylazine in the gastric contents, but liquid chromatography–tandem MS (LC‐MS/MS) of serum did not. In the second incident, LC‐MS/MS screening of both victims’ urine and serum samples revealed an unknown peak in the total ion chromatograms, which a molecular mass database identified as morantel or xylazine. The latter was confirmed by comparison with a xylazine standard. Based on this report, we suggest that xylazine should be classified as a controlled drug.
Enhanced Visualization of Latent Fingermarks on Rough Aluminum Surfaces Using Sequential Au and Zn/ZnS/ZnO Depositions
Authors: Tiwari Anjani Kumar , Alaoui Ismail Mekkaoui , Guddala Sriram , Ramakrishna S. Anantha 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDetection and visualization of fingermarks on rough and diffuse surfaces is a relatively challenging task. We succeeded in developing latent fingermarks on scratched and rough aluminum surfaces by sequential deposition of a thin layer of gold followed by one of zinc or zinc‐based compounds on the fingermarks. The best image enhancement was achieved with sequential Au and ZnS depositions. Using this combination, we could enhance the visualization of latent fingermarks aged over 65 days in normal conditions. The optical reflectance from the fingermarks with the deposited layers of metal/dielectric is analyzed as a stratified medium. Significant contrast in the reflectance from the regions of the ridges and the valleys of the fingermark would enhance the visualization. Our results show that the Au and ZnS bi‐layer combination can have a large reflection contrast and improved fingermark visualization at wavelengths corresponding to the green light for specific thickness of ZnS.