bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tabular Icebergs: Implication from Geophysical Studies of Ice Shelves
Authors: Shabtaie Sion , Bentley Charles R. 
Published: September 2017

Recent geophysical and glaciological investigations of the Ross Ice Shelf have revealed many complexities in the ice shelf that can be important factors in iceberg structure. The presence of rift zones, surface and bottom crevasses, corrugations, ridges and troughs, and other features could substantially modify the hydraulics of iceberg towing and lead to disintegration of the berg in the course of transport.The relationships between the elevation above sea-level and total ice thickness for three ice shelves (Ross, Brunt, and McMurdo) are given; from them, expressions for the thickness/freeboard ratios of tabular icebergs calved from these ice shelves are obtained. The relationships obtained from the measured values of surface elevation and ice thickness are in agreement with models derived assuming hydrostatic equilibrium.Areas of brine infiltration into the Ross Ice Shelf have been mapped. Examples of radar profiles in these zones are shown. Absorption from the brine layers results in a poor or absent bottom echo. It is probable that little saline ice exists at the bottom of the Ross Ice Shelf front due to a rapid bottom melting near the ice front, and that the thickness of the saline ice at the bottom of icebergs calving from the Ross Ice Shelf is no more than a few meters, if there is any at all.We have observed many rift zones on the ice shelf by airborne radar techniques, and at one site the bottom and surface topographies of (buried) rift zones have been delineated. These rift zones play an obvious role in iceberg formation and may also affect the dynamics of iceberg transport. Bottom crevasses with different shapes, sizes, and spacings are abundant in ice shelves; probably some are filled with saline ice and others with unfrozen sea-water. Existence of these bottom crevasses could lead to a rapid disintegration of icebergs in the course of transport, as well as increasing the frictional drag at the ice-water boundary.Radar profiles of the ice-shelf barrier at four sites in flow bands of very different characteristics are shown. In some places rifting upstream from the barrier shows regular spacings, suggesting a periodic calving. Differential bottom melting near the barrier causes the icebergs to have an uneven surface and bottom (i.e. dome-shaped).Electrical resistivity soundings on the ice shelf can be applied to estimate the temperature-depth function, and from that the basal mass-balance rate. With some modifications, the technique may also be applied to estimating the basal mass-balance rates of tabular icebergs.
Iceberg-Seabed Interaction (Northern Labrador Sea)
Authors: Barrie J. V. 
Published: September 2017

Large-scale furrows occurring in unconsolidated Quaternary sediments on the Labrador Shelf are considered to be gouge marks of bottom-dragging icebergs. Side-scan sonograph mosaics from the northern Labrador Shelf were constructed for two bathymetric interbank areas. They reveal that both relict ice bottom gouging and modern iceberg scouring have taken place at water depths greater than 180 m. The recent scours are linear to curvilinear to crater-like in form, with average widths of 30 m at a mean scour depth of 5 m and lengths in excess of 3 km. The dominant scour trend is north-south, reflecting the Labrador Current.Impedance of icebergs by bottom interaction is primarily a function of the gross iceberg size and shape, sediment encountered by the keel, and prevailing current. For modern scouring, frequencies of detectable impact decrease exponentially with increasing scour depth, and scour depth is inversely proportional to the sediment shear and compressive strengths.
Size and Shape of Chariklo from Multi-epoch Stellar Occultations*
Authors: Leiva R. , Sicardy B. , Camargo J. I. B. , Ortiz J.-L. , Desmars J. , Bérard D. , Lellouch E. , Meza E. , Kervella P. , Snodgrass C. , Duffard R. , Morales N. , Gomes-Júnior A. R. , Benedetti-Rossi G. , Vieira-Martins R. , Braga-Ribas F. , Assafin M. , Morgado B. E. , Colas F. , De Witt C. , Sickafoose A. A. , Breytenbach H. , Dauvergne J.-L. , Schoenau P. , Maquet L. , Bath K.-L. , Bode H.-J. , Cool A. , Lade B. , Kerr S. , Herald D. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We use data from five stellar occultations observed between 2013 and 2016 to constrain Chariklo’s size and shape, and the ring reflectivity. We consider four possible models for Chariklo (sphere, Maclaurin spheroid, triaxial ellipsoid, and Jacobi ellipsoid), and we use a Bayesian approach to estimate the corresponding parameters. The spherical model has a radius R = 129 ± 3 km. The Maclaurin model has equatorial and polar radii

and

, respectively, with density

. The ellipsoidal model has semiaxes

,

, and

. Finally, the Jacobi model has semiaxes a = 157 ± 4 km, b = 139 ± 4 km, and c = 86 ± 1 km, and density

. Depending on the model, we obtain topographic features of 6–11 km, typical of Saturn icy satellites with similar size and density. We constrain Chariklo’s geometric albedo between 3.1% (sphere) and 4.9% (ellipsoid), while the ring I/F reflectivity is less constrained between 0.6% (Jacobi) and 8.9% (sphere). The ellipsoid model explains both the optical light curve and the long-term photometry variation of the system, giving a plausible value for the geometric albedo of the ring particles of 10%–15%. The derived mass of Chariklo of 6–8 × 1018 kg places the rings close to 3:1 resonance between the ring mean motion and Chariklo’s rotation period.
Radiation-driven Turbulent Accretion onto Massive Black Holes
Authors: Park KwangHo , Wise John H. , Bogdanović Tamara 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Accretion of gas and interaction of matter and radiation are at the heart of many questions pertaining to black hole (BH) growth and coevolution of massive BHs and their host galaxies. To answer them, it is critical to quantify how the ionizing radiation that emanates from the innermost regions of the BH accretion flow couples to the surrounding medium and how it regulates the BH fueling. In this work, we use high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with the code Enzo, equipped with adaptive ray-tracing module Moray, to investigate radiation-regulated BH accretion of cold gas. Our simulations reproduce findings from an earlier generation of 1D/2D simulations: the accretion-powered UV and X-ray radiation forms a highly ionized bubble, which leads to suppression of BH accretion rate characterized by quasi-periodic outbursts. A new feature revealed by the 3D simulations is the highly turbulent nature of the gas flow in vicinity of the ionization front. During quiescent periods between accretion outbursts, the ionized bubble shrinks in size and the gas density that precedes the ionization front increases. Consequently, the 3D simulations show oscillations in the accretion rate of only ∼2–3 orders of magnitude, significantly smaller than 1D/2D models. We calculate the energy budget of the gas flow and find that turbulence is the main contributor to the kinetic energy of the gas but corresponds to less than 10% of its thermal energy and thus does not contribute significantly to the pressure support of the gas.
The Association between Serum Cytokine and Chemokine Levels and Antiviral Response by Entecavir Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Kurihara Mio , Tsuge Masataka , Murakami Eisuke , Mori Nami , Ohishi Waka , Uchida Takuro , Fujino Hatsue , Nakahara Takashi , Abe-Chayama Hiromi , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Miki Daiki , Hiramatsu Akira , Imamura Michio , Kawakami Yoshiiku , Aikata Hiroshi , Ochi Hidenori , Zhang Yizhou , Makokha Grace Naswa , Hayes C Nelson , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: September 2017

Background Although nucleoside/nucleotide analogue therapy is thought to suppress chronic hepatitis B (CHB) via regulation of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, serum cytokine/ chemokine levels were measured in CHB patients treated with entecavir, and the association with antiviral response was analysed. Methods A total of 78 Japanese patients with CHB were enrolled, and serum cytokine/chemokine levels were measured at baseline and at 12, 24 and 48 weeks of entecavir treatment using the MULTIPLEX kit. Results Antiviral response to entecavir treatment was significantly associated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titre and serum interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) level (12w; P=0.0002; OR=0.020 [95% CI 0.002, 0.156], P=0.003; OR=0.042 [95% CI 0.005, 0.336], respectively). HBe-positive patients whose serum macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) level was lower (<582.83 pg/ml) and IP-10 level was higher (≥1,323.13 pg/ml) achieved hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss earlier than those who remained HBeAg-positive ( P=0.044). HBsAg reduction by entecavir treatment was significantly associated with higher initial tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level (≥15.20 pg/ml) and higher alanine aminotransferase level (≥73 IU/l; P=0.009; OR=18.460 [95% CI 2.044, 166.709], P=0.022; OR=7.709 [95% CI 1.341, 44.327], respectively). Conclusions Results of the present study indicate that changes in cytokine/chemokine levels following entecavir therapy are associated with response to antiviral therapy in CHB patients. Monitoring of serum cytokine/chemokine levels could be useful for predicting reduction of HBV DNA and HBsAg and HBe seroconversion.
La laïcité en milieu hospitalier et dans les structures sociales et médico-sociales
Authors: Chantin Jean-Pierre 
Published: September 2017

À l’hôpital comme dans les structures d’accompagnement social et médico-social, la gestion de l’expression du religieux est une préoccupation de plus en plus présente. Il s’agit de bien comprendre de quoi il s’agit, ce que signifie ce « retour » à des normes législatives et des règles propres à chaque structure, puis de mettre en œuvre de manière dépassionnée ce qui relève du bon fonctionnement et du vivre ensemble.
Analyse importance-performance dérivée et modèle diagonal dans une municipalité espagnole
Authors: Ortigueira-Sánchez Luis Camilo , Ortigueira-Bouzada Manuel , Gómez-Selemeneva Dinaidys 
Published: September 2017

Dans le présent article, nous présentons et analysons des recherches empiriques sur la satisfaction des citoyens qui ont été menées pour mesurer l’efficacité et la gestion des politiques publiques locales. Notre recherche a pour objectif d’évaluer la politique de sécurité publique d’une ville espagnole au moyen d’une enquête mesurant la satisfaction des citoyens à l’égard des services locaux. Nous avons appliqué une analyse de régression et une « analyse importance/performance » (AIP) aux opinions exprimées par un échantillon de citoyens. L’étude visait notamment à utiliser différentes valeurs d’importance dérivée, issues d’une analyse de corrélation et de régression, pour comparer les résultats de deux « analyses importance/performance ». Nous avons également tenu compte dans notre recherche de la notion de pondération variante et invariante et de la théorie des trois facteurs de la satisfaction de la clientèle. Les résultats confirment que le « service d’incendie » est considéré comme un « facteur de mécontentement », un attribut de base ou fixe ; ils indiquent que des valeurs de coefficient négatif pourraient être associées aux « facteurs de mécontentement » et que la discontinuité intrinsèque n’est qu’en partie résolue dans la partition de la grille importance/performance. Les observations indiquent que les résultats des deux AIP varient lorsque l’on utilise la grille AIP classique, mais sont similaires avec les modèles diagonaux de la partition de la grille AIP. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens L’un des problèmes majeurs auxquels sont confrontés les décideurs depuis quelques années consiste à reconfigurer le budget pour l’entité gérée, comme la municipalité, dans le cadre de la crise économique actuelle. Avec cet article, nous entendons contribuer à améliorer les décisions nécessaires sur la réaffectation des fonds et des ressources dans un contexte de restrictions et de compressions financières.
La mise en œuvre de la prestation intégrée des services électroniques au Québec : Conditions de collaboration et leçons
Authors: Boudreau Christian , Bernier Luc 
Published: September 2017

Le présent article aborde les difficiles conditions de collaboration interorganisationnelle dans la mise en œuvre de la prestation intégrée des services électroniques à partir de trois perspectives théoriques : institutionnelle, politique et managériale. Ces perspectives permettent de définir au plan conceptuel les principaux obstacles à la collaboration interorganisationnelle et les leviers sur lesquels les gestionnaires publics peuvent agir pour faciliter l’intégration des services électroniques. À partir d’une étude de cas multiples menée au Québec, les auteurs examinent plus précisément les conditions institutionnelles, politiques et managériales qui ont retardé l’intégration de la prestation électronique dans cette province canadienne. Ils montrent comment la persistance de pratiques administratives, le désir d’autonomie des organisations publiques et la lourdeur des structures de gouvernance ont contribué à la diversification de l’offre de services en ligne au Québec au détriment d’une prestation intégrée. Sur la base des considérations théoriques et des résultats de l’étude, les auteurs proposent aux gestionnaires publics de ne pas s’en tenir uniquement aux mécanismes de gouvernance horizontale, mais de recourir aussi à des mécanismes de gouvernance verticale afin d’atténuer l’effet de certaines contraintes sur la collaboration interorganisationnelle et d’accélérer la mise en œuvre de la prestation intégrée des services électroniques. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Plusieurs pays ont fait de la prestation intégrée des services publics une priorité en matière de gouvernement électronique. Pour coordonner efficacement ces projets aux partenaires multiples, les gestionnaires publics doivent faire appel à une gouvernance hybride afin de tirer avantage de la stabilité de la hiérarchie et de la flexibilité du réseau. Plus précisément, l’étude montre la gouvernance verticale comme un instrument efficace pour coordonner les activités d’un réseau d’organisations engagées dans la mise en œuvre d’une prestation intégrée.
Sublethal Total Body Irradiation Causes Long-Term Deficits in Thymus Function by Reducing Lymphoid Progenitors
Authors: Xiao Shiyun , Shterev Ivo D. , Zhang Wen , Young Lauren , Shieh Jae-Hung , Moore Malcolm , van den Brink Marcel , Sempowski Gregory D. , Manley Nancy R. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Total body irradiation (TBI) damages hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and thymus; however, the long-term effects of irradiation with aging remain unclear. In this study, we found that the impact of radiation on thymopoiesis in mice varied by sex and dose but, overall, thymopoiesis remained suppressed for ≥12 mo after a single exposure. Male and female mice showed a long-term dose-dependent reduction in thymic cKit+ lymphoid progenitors that was maintained throughout life. Damage to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow was dose dependent, with as little as 0.5 Gy causing a significant long-term reduction. In addition, the potential for T lineage commitment was radiation sensitive with aging. Overall, the impact of irradiation on the hematopoietic lineage was more severe in females. In contrast, the rate of decline in thymic epithelial cell numbers with age was radiation-sensitive only in males, and other characteristics including Ccl25 transcription were unaffected. Taken together, these data suggest that long-term suppression of thymopoiesis after sublethal irradiation was primarily due to fewer progenitors in the BM combined with reduced potential for T lineage commitment. A single irradiation dose also caused synchronization of thymopoiesis, with a periodic thymocyte differentiation profile persisting for at least 12 mo postirradiation. This study suggests that the number and capability of HSCs for T cell production can be dramatically and permanently damaged after a single relatively low TBI dose, accelerating aging-associated thymic involution. Our findings may impact evaluation and therapeutic intervention of human TBI events.
The PYHIN Protein p205 Regulates the Inflammasome by Controlling Asc Expression
Authors: Ghosh Sreya , Wallerath Christina , Covarrubias Sergio , Hornung Veit , Carpenter Susan , Fitzgerald Katherine A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Members of the IFN-inducible PYHIN protein family, such as absent in melanoma-2 and IFN-γ–inducible protein (IFI)16, bind dsDNA and form caspase-1–activating inflammasomes that are important in immunity to cytosolic bacteria, DNA viruses, or HIV. IFI16 has also been shown to regulate transcription of type I IFNs during HSV infection. The role of other members of the PYHIN protein family in the regulation of immune responses is much less clear. In this study, we identified an immune-regulatory function for a member of the murine PYHIN protein family, p205 (also called Ifi205). Examination of immune responses induced by dsDNA and other microbial ligands in bone marrow–derived macrophages lacking p205 revealed that inflammasome activation by dsDNA, as well as ligands that engage the NLRP3 inflammasome, was severely compromised in these cells. Further analysis revealed that p205-knockdown cells showed reduced expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like molecule containing CARD domain (Asc) at the protein and RNA levels. p205 knockdown resulted in reduced binding of actively transcribing RNA polymerase II to the endogenous Asc gene, resulting in decreased transcription and processing of Asc pre-mRNA. Deletion of p205 in B16 melanoma cells using CRISPR/Cas9 showed a similar loss of Asc expression. Ectopic expression of p205 induced expression of an Asc promoter–luciferase reporter gene. Together, these findings suggest that p205 controls expression of Asc mRNA to regulate inflammasome responses. These findings expand on our understanding of immune-regulatory roles for the PYHIN protein family.
Die belang van Prof. F.J. van Zyl vir Hervormde Teologie
Authors: Beyers Jaco 
Published: September 2017

In this article the contribution of professor Frans J. van Zyl (1913–2008) will be scrutinised as to determine the influence his thoughts had on the theology of the Netherdutch Reformed Church. As Van Zyl was seen as a follower of the theology of Karl Barth, his greatest influence centered around the ideas of Barth. Here, particular reference will be made to his view of the Bible and the Dialectical theology. The article also addresses the problem of the existence of so-called churchly theology and investigates the role Reformed theology played in the Netherdutch Reformed Church. The contribution Van Zyl made to Reformed theology is measured in terms of his contribution to (1) an understanding of God, (2) to a view on scripture and (3) his emphasis on the importance of mission work. Further, (4) his way of unselfishly serving in the church becomes a theological testimony to his character and example to the church. Lastly, (5) his condonation of white-only membership of the Netherdutch Reformed Church is not seen as a blemish to his name, but rather interpreted here as a continuation of the Reformed heritage in the sense that the nature of man is flawed by sin.
Die veelkantige nawerking van Luther in Halle- Wittenberg: ’n Leksikografiese bydrae tot Reformasie 500 oor August Hermann Francke en Paul Tillich
Authors: Van Wyk Ignatius W.C. , Le Roux Elritha 
Published: September 2017

The article is a lexicographic contribution to Reformation 500. Two relatively unknown Lutheran theologians to the South African public, namely August Francke and Paul Tillich, are presented here. Both were students and lecturers at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg. Both of them wanted to be known as Lutheran theologians. The two are totally opposites. Francke was a practical theologian who initiated many diaconal projects that are still active after 300 years. Tillich was a philosopher of religion and a systematic theologian. He made a huge contribution in promoting Lutheran ideas to secular society in the United States of America.
Leech Infestation Presenting as Severe Rectal Bleeding
Authors: Narayan Jimmy , Nath Preetam , Singh Ayaskanta , Padhi Pradeep Kumar , Parida Prasanta Kumar , Pati Girish Kumar , Singh Shivaram Prasad 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTLeech or Hirudinea is a major parasite in rural India. Normally, the leech attacks the skin and exposed areas. An 18‑year‑old child presented with bleeding per rectum for 1 day along with giddiness. A history revealed that while the boy was working in a field, had acrawling sensation in the perianal area. After admission, the patient was resuscitated with crystalloids and a limited colonoscopy revealed a rectal ulcer with a leech head attached to its base. The hooklets were removed using foreign body removal forceps and injection Adrenaline at 1:10,000 dilutions was injected in 1 ml aliquots into four quadrant to achieve hemostasis. There was no postprocedure complication. Leech infestation can present with exsanguinating acute severe lower gastrointestinal bleed.
Unusual Cause and Association of Gastrointestinal Bleed in a Young Boy
Authors: Srikanth K. P. , Thapa B. R. , Kanojia Ravi Prakash , Vaiphei Kim , Lal Sadhna B. , Menon Jagadeesh V. , Das Subhamoy 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTA 4-year old child, previously operated case of tetralogy of Fallot present with recurrent episodes of massive lower gastrointestinal bleed of one year duration. Endoscopic evaluation revealed multiple bluish vascular lesions in the duodenum and proximal jejunum and a single rectal polyp. Histology of the lesion was suggestive of venous malformation consistent with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS). Child underwent endoscopic snaring and surgical resection with end to end anastomosis. At six months’ follow-up child was asymptomatic without any bleed episodes.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Scope‑induced Duodenojejunal Flexure Perforation: The World’s First Case
Authors: Gandhi Jignesh A. , Shinde Pravin H. , Nagur Basavaraj K. , Digarse Rohan D. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTDuodenojejunal (DJ) flexure perforation is very rare. DJ flexure perforation following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has not be documented till date. They are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present an ERCP‑induced DJ flexure perforation which has been treated with primary closure in two layers at our institution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the world’s first case. Such site of ERCP‑induced perforation has not been reported in literature till date. A 75‑year‑old female patient underwent repeated ERCP for obstructive jaundice. There was perforation during the third ERCP while removing the larger stone. Emergency laparotomy was performed with primary closure of perforation in two layers. ERCP‑induced DJ flexure perforation has not yet been documented. It is potentially life‑threatening. Early recognition may lead to a better prognosis through earlier intervention.