bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomistic Corrective Scheme for Supercell Density Functional Theory Calculations of Charged Defects
Authors: Cao Tengfei , Bongiorno Angelo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new method to correct formation energies of charged defects obtained by supercell density-functional calculations is presented and applied to bulk, surface, and low-dimensional systems. The method relies on atomistic models and a polarizable force field to describe a material system and its dielectric properties. The polarizable force field is based on a minimal set of fitting parameters, it accounts for the dielectric screening arising from ions and electrons separately, and it can be easily implemented in any software for atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. This work illustrates both technical aspects and applications of the new corrective scheme. The method is tested on systems in vacuo to validate the energy scheme. It is applied to charged defects in the bulk and at the surface of realistic materials to achieve comparison with published results obtained by using available corrective schemes based on continuum electrostatics treatments. Moreover, to demonstrate its generality, the method is used to correct the formation energy obtained by DFT of a singly negatively charged S vacancy in monolayer, bilayer, trilayer and bulk MoS2.
Peritumoral Artery Scoring System: a Novel Scoring System to Predict Renal Function Outcome after Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy
Authors: Zhang Ruiyun , Wu Guangyu , Huang Jiwei , Shi Oumin , Kong Wen , Chen Yonghui , Xu Jianrong , Xue Wei , Zhang Jin , Huang Yiran 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe present study aimed to assess the impact of peritumoral artery characteristics on renal function outcome prediction using a novel Peritumoral Artery Scoring System based on computed tomography arteriography. Peritumoral artery characteristics and renal function were evaluated in 220 patients who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and then validate in 51 patients with split and total glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In particular, peritumoral artery classification and diameter were measured to assign arteries into low, moderate, and high Peritumoral Artery Scoring System risk categories. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were then used to determine risk factors for major renal functional decline. The Peritumoral Artery Scoring System and four other nephrometry systems were compared using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The Peritumoral Artery Scoring System was significantly superior to the other systems for predicting postoperative renal function decline (p < 0.001). In receiver operating characteristic analysis, our category system was a superior independent predictor of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline (area-under-the-curve = 0.865, p < 0.001) and total GFR decline (area-under-the-curve = 0.796, p < 0.001), and split GFR decline (area-under-the-curve = 0.841, p < 0.001). Peritumoral artery characteristics were independent predictors of renal function outcome after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.
Tunable Magneto-Optical Kerr Effects of Nanoporous Thin Films
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Li Jianjun , Ding Xiaokun , Pernod Philippe , Tiercelin Nicolas , Song Yujun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMagnetoplasmonics, combining magnetic and plasmonic functions, has attracted increasing attention owing to its unique magnetic and optical properties in various nano-architectures. In this work, Ag, CoFeB and ITO layers are fabricated on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) porous films to form hybrid multi-layered nanoporous thin films by magnetron sputtering deposition process. The designed nanostructure supports localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and tunable magneto-optical (MO) activity, namely, the sign inversion, which can be controlled by AAO porous film geometry (pore diameter and inter-pore spacing) flexibly. The physical mechanism of this special MO phenomena is further analyzed and discussed by the correlation of Kerr rotation and electronic oscillations controlled by the surface plasmon resonance that is related to the nanoporous structure.
Cell fiber-based three-dimensional culture system for highly efficient expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Ikeda Kazuhiro , Nagata Shogo , Okitsu Teru , Takeuchi Shoji 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells are a potentially powerful cellular resource for application in regenerative medicine. Because such applications require large numbers of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cells, a scalable culture system of human pluripotent stem cell needs to be developed. Several suspension culture systems for human pluripotent stem cell expansion exist; however, it is difficult to control the thickness of cell aggregations in these systems, leading to increased cell death likely caused by limited diffusion of gases and nutrients into the aggregations. Here, we describe a scalable culture system using the cell fiber technology for the expansion of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The cells were encapsulated and cultured within the core region of core-shell hydrogel microfibers, resulting in the formation of rod-shaped or fiber-shaped cell aggregations with sustained thickness and high viability. By encapsulating the cells with type I collagen, we demonstrated a long-term culture of the cells by serial passaging at a high expansion rate (14-fold in four days) while retaining its pluripotency. Therefore, our culture system could be used for large-scale expansion of human pluripotent stem cells for use in regenerative medicine.
Exploiting the Ref-1-APE1 node in cancer signaling and other diseases: from bench to clinic
Authors: Shah Fenil , Logsdon Derek , Messmann Richard A. , Fehrenbacher Jill C. , Fishel Melissa L. , Kelley Mark R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractReduction-oxidation factor 1-apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ref-1/APE1) is a critical node in tumor cells, both as a redox regulator of transcription factor activation and as part of the DNA damage response. As a redox signaling protein, Ref-1/APE1 enhances the transcriptional activity of STAT3, HIF-1α, nuclear factor kappa B, and other transcription factors to promote growth, migration, and survival in tumor cells as well as inflammation and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Ref-1/APE1 is activated in a variety of cancers, including prostate, colon, pancreatic, ovarian, lung and leukemias, leading to increased aggressiveness. Transcription factors downstream of Ref-1/APE1 are key contributors to many cancers, and Ref-1/APE1 redox signaling inhibition slows growth and progression in a number of tumor types. Ref-1/APE1 inhibition is also highly effective when paired with other drugs, including standard-of-care therapies and therapies targeting pathways affected by Ref-1/APE1 redox signaling. Additionally, Ref-1/APE1 plays a role in a variety of other indications, such as retinopathy, inflammation, and neuropathy. In this review, we discuss the functional consequences of activation of the Ref-1/APE1 node in cancer and other diseases, as well as potential therapies targeting Ref-1/APE1 and related pathways in relevant diseases. APX3330, a novel oral anticancer agent and the first drug to target Ref-1/APE1 for cancer is entering clinical trials and will be explored in various cancers and other diseases bringing bench discoveries to the clinic.
Interlaced zone plate optics for hard X-ray imaging in the 10 nm range
Authors: Mohacsi Istvan , Vartiainen Ismo , Rösner Benedikt , Guizar-Sicairos Manuel , Guzenko Vitaliy A. , McNulty Ian , Winarski Robert , Holt Martin V. , David Christian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMulti-keV X-ray microscopy has been particularly successful in bridging the resolution gap between optical and electron microscopy. However, resolutions below 20 nm are still considered challenging, as high throughput direct imaging methods are limited by the availability of suitable optical elements. In order to bridge this gap, we present a new type of Fresnel zone plate lenses aimed at the sub-20 and the sub-10 nm resolution range. By extending the concept of double-sided zone plate stacking, we demonstrate the doubling of the effective line density and thus the resolution and provide large aperture, singlechip optical devices with 15 and 7 nm smallest zone widths. The detailed characterization of these lenses shows excellent optical properties with focal spots down to 7.8 nm. Beyond wave front characterization, the zone plates also excel in typical imaging scenarios, verifying their resolution close to their diffraction limited optical performance.
Emerging Concepts and Human Trials in Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Liver Disease
Authors: Teckman Jeffrey 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn α-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, individuals homozygous for the AAT mutant Z gene synthesize large quantities of mutant Z protein in the liver, which folds improperly during biogenesis and is retained within the hepatocytes rather than appropriated secreted. This accumulation of mutant Z protein triggers an intracellular injury cascade causing cell death in the population of hepatocytes with the largest accumulations of Z protein. Hepatocellular proliferation, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocellular cancer in some individuals can be the result. New insights from basic science studies have now allowed the application of new biotechnologies to this previously untreatable disease. Specifically, drugs designed to accelerate the intracellular removal of the mutant Z protein (autophagy enhancers) and siRNA strategies designed to shut down synthesis of the toxic, mutant Z protein, are now in human trials. Other approaches, such as gene correction, cell therapy, and antifibrotic drugs are in preclinical development.
Immunotolerance in Liver Transplantation
Authors: Mastoridis Sotiris , Martinez-Llordella Marc , Sanchez-Fueyo Alberto 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe burden of life-long immunosuppressive medication must be overcome if progress is to be made in long-term outcomes following transplantation. The liver exhibits intrinsic tolerogenic properties that contribute to a unique propensity toward spontaneous acceptance when transplanted. Hence, a proportion of liver transplant recipients develop a state of immunotolerance and display persistently normal allograft function despite the discontinuation of immunosuppression. However, this phenomenon remains elusive for the majority of recipients. Investigations performed in experimental models of spontaneous liver allograft tolerance and in clinical cases of immunosuppression-free liver transplant acceptance have yielded mechanistic insights at the heart of recent strategies toward tolerance prediction and promotion. Results from recent clinical trials signal a shift in how liver allograft tolerance is viewed—not an elusive rarity of academic interest, but a potentially relevant clinical opportunity, which can be safely pursued if appropriately targeted.
Disorders in Hepatic Copper Secretion: Wilson's Disease and Pleomorphic Syndromes
Authors: Lalioti Vasiliki , Tsubota Akihito , Sandoval Ignacio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWilson's disease (WD) is a rare disease the prevalence of which is higher than previously thought. Caused by genetic variations that target the copper (Cu) transporting P-ATPase Atp7b and disrupt the elimination of Cu by the liver, Atp7b truncations are associated with early severe liver disease and missense mutations with the late presentation of neurologic disorders. The asymptomatic initiation and false unimportance of initial symptoms often delays the crucial early diagnosis and a treatment that is lifesaving. The occasional acute liver failure persistently threatens the life of patients with WD. The gravity and progression of the disease are strongly dependent on the genetic background that organizes the response to the oxidative damage produced by the raised levels of free Cu. In this review, the authors focus on the prevalence, genetics, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment options in WD. They also discuss the new association of cuprotoxicosis with pleomorphic syndromes, of which MEDNIK is the first example, produced by genetic variations that disrupt the universal mechanisms of protein transport and thus perturb the traffic of Atp7b linked to Cu excretion.
Development and Evaluation of a Blog about Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate and Hearing
Authors: Maximino Luciana , Zambonato Ticiana , Picolini-Pereira Mirela , Castro Corrêa Camila , Feniman Mariza , Blasca Wanderléia 
Published: May 2017

Introduction Cleft lip and cleft palate can result in impairments in communication, specifically in hearing, making the use of technological resources such as blogs a fundamental guideline for health professionals.
Objective The aim of this study was to prepare and analyze the access to a blog about cleft lip and cleft palate and hearing as a pedagogical tool for health professionals.
Methods The first stage for the development of the blog was the selection of the content that would be addressed and the respective illustrations. The second stage was making the blog available through the WordPress platform, and the third stage included the evaluation of the blog, of the access to the WordPress statistical features, and of the quality of the blog through the Emory questionnaire, which was answered by 75 professionals.
Results The blog, titled “Fissure and Hearing”, was developed with the architecture of a digital information environment containing a system of organization, navigation, labeling and search (first stage). The address hosting the blog was: http://fissuraeaudicao.wordpress.com (second stage). The result of the third stage included 56,269 views of the blog from different countries, and Brazil was the country with the highest viewing. Regarding the assessment by the Emory questionnaire, we found that for most of the major issues, the percentages obtained were or equal to 90%, while the analysis of the scales, navigation and structure presented the lowest scores.
Conclusion The blog was developed and enabled greater access to information available on the web about cleft lip and cleft palate and hearing.
Aktuelle Aspekte bei der Diagnostik und Therapie des Plasmazellmyeloms
Authors: Bärtsch Marc- , Goldschmidt Hartmut 
Published: May 2017

Was ist neu?
Definition, Inzidenz und klinisches Bild Die mediane Überlebenszeit mit Multiplem Myelom (MM) hat sich in den letzten 15 Jahren verdoppelt.
Diagnostik Die Diagnosekriterien des therapiepflichtigen MM wurden 2014 um Biomarker erweitert.
Erstlinientherapie Fitte, junge Patienten sind mit einer Dreierkombination zu behandeln. Die Hochdosistherapie ist weiterhin ein wesentliches Element der Initialtherapie junger MM-Patienten.
Rezidivtherapie In den letzten 2 Jahren wurden 5 neue Substanzen zur Behandlung des rezidivierten MM zugelassen.
Ausblick Remissionstiefe und Immunonkologie gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung in der Therapie des MM.
Sarkoidose – was ist neu?
Authors: Prasse Antje 
Published: May 2017

Was ist neu?
Epidemiologie Die Sarkoidose ist eine multifaktorielle Erkrankung. Die in den letzten Jahrzehnten stattfindenden Änderungen des Lebensalltages führen zu Fluktuationen in der Manifestation.
Definition und Pathogenese Nach wie vor ist die Sarkoidose eine Ausschlussdiagnose. Frühere Ansichten, die Sarkoidose sei monokausal verursacht sind heute nicht mehr gültig. Viele verschiedene Faktoren können bei entsprechender genetischer Veranlagung die Erkrankung auslösen.
Diagnostik Mittels der neuen Technik der ultraschallgesteuerten Lymphknotenpunktion und der bereits etablierten Standardverfahren transbronchiale Biopsie und bronchoalveoläre Lavage (BAL), gelingt es heute bei Lungenbefall fast immer die Diagnose zu stellen. MRT und PET verbessern die Abklärung von Organmanifestationen deutlich.
Monitoring Der Funktionsdiagnostik von Organmanifestationen kommt eine elementare Bedeutung zu. Diese ändert sich stetig durch den technischen Fortschritt.
Therapie Die Prednison-Monotherapie wird unverändert als Erstlinientherapie bei drohendem Organfunktionsschaden eingesetzt; allerdings werden im Vergleich zu früher eher geringere Dosierungen eingesetzt und individuelle Besonderheiten berücksichtigt. Infliximab hat sich weltweit zur Behandlung therapierefraktärer Verläufe etabliert.
Direct peroral cholangioscopy for diagnosis of bile duct lesions using an I-SCAN ultraslim endoscope: a pilot study
Authors: Lee Yun , Moon Jong , Choi Hyun , Lee Tae , Choi Moon , Cha Sang-Woo , Cho Young , Park Sang-Heum 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims I-SCAN is a computed virtual chromoendoscopy (CVC) system designed to enhance surface and vascular patterns. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of direct peroral cholangioscopy (POC) using I-SCAN compared with a conventional white-light image (WLI) to diagnose bile duct lesions.
Patients and methods Patients with mucosal lesions in the bile duct detected during direct POC were enrolled prospectively. The quality of endoscopic visualization and the visual diagnosis were assessed using I-SCAN and WLI modes, respectively, during direct POC.
Results A total of 20 patients (9 malignant and 11 benign lesions) underwent I-SCAN to evaluate lesions in the bile duct using direct POC. The quality of endoscopic visualization using direct POC with I-SCAN was significantly higher than that of WLI for surface structure (P = 0.04), surface microvascular architecture (P = 0.01), and margins (P = 0.02). Overall diagnostic accuracy of the visual diagnosis was not different between I-SCAN and WLI (90.0 % vs. 75.0 %; P = 0.20).
Conclusion Direct POC using CVC by I-SCAN seems to be helpful for evaluating mucosal lesions of the bile duct, without the interference from bile.Clinical trial registration: UMIN000021009
Hepatitis E – mehr als nur eine seltene Reisekrankheit!
Authors: Wedemeyer Heiner 
Published: May 2017

Was ist neu?
Übertragungswege In Deutschland infizieren sich jedes Jahr wahrscheinlich mehr als 300 000 Menschen mit dem Hepatitis-E-Virus (HEV). Die Hepatitis E ist in Mitteleuropa in der Regel eine durch den zoonotischen HEV-Genotyp-3-verursachte autochthone, d. h. lokal erworbene Infektionskrankheit. Der Verzehr von nicht ausreichend erhitztem Schweine- oder Wildfleisch ist ein Hauptrisikofaktor für HEV-Infektionen, Übertragungen des Virus durch Bluttransfusionen sind aber auch möglich.
Diagnostik Bei Immunkompetenten kann die Diagnose einer akuten Hepatitis E mit dem Nachweis von anti-HEV-IgM gestellt werden. Serologische Tests können bei Immunsupprimierten aber falsch-negativ sein, weshalb in diesen Fällen eine HEV-Infektion nur durch den direkten Nachweis des Erregers mittels PCR im Blut oder Stuhl erfolgen sollte.
Natürlicher Verlauf Eine akute Hepatitis E kann bei Patienten mit anderen chronischen Lebererkrankungen zu einem Leberversagen führen. Chronische Verläufe, definiert durch eine Virämie von mind. 3 Monaten, sind bei Organtransplantierten mit immunsuppressiver Medikation beschrieben, können aber auch bei anderen Immundefizienzen auftreten. Eine chronische Hepatitis E kann innerhalb von Monaten zu einer fortgeschrittenen Leberfibrose oder zur Zirrhose führen.
Extrahepatische Manifestationen Extrahepatische Manifestationen können während und nach einer HEV-Infektion auftreten. Insbesondere Guillain-Barré-Syndrome und die neuralgische Schulteramyotrophie sind mit einer Hepatitis E assoziiert worden.
Therapie Ribavirin hat eine antivirale Wirksamkeit gegen HEV. Bei chronischer Hepatitis E sollte die Behandlung für 3 – 6 Monate durchgeführt werden. Therapieversagen und Rückfälle nach Beendigung einer Behandlung sind möglich. Ein Impfstoff gegen HEV ist bisher nur in China zugelassen.
Wiederaufnahmen nach Akut- und Entwöhnungstherapie: Stationäre Behandlung drei Jahre vor und nach der Indexbehandlung
Authors: Fleischmann Heribert 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Der Ressourcenbedarf reha- und nicht rehafähiger Alkoholabhängiger wurde retrospektiv über 7 Jahre mit klinischen Routinedaten sektorübergreifend untersucht.
Methode Im prä-post-Vergleich wurde nach einer Indexbehandlung (IB) die Inanspruchnahme von stationärer Rehabilitation und Akutbehandlung überprüft.
Ergebnisse Nach der IB nahm die Zahl der Rehabilitanden mit weiterem Behandlungsbedarf um 59% ab, die der Akutpatienten dagegen um 67% zu, die der nicht rehafähigen Patienten sogar um 76%. 23% der Indexpatienten mit qualifiziertem Entzug (QE) und 8% der Patienten mit chronifiziertem Verlauf (CMA) wurden in eine rehabilitative Behandlung übergeleitet. 29% der Reha-, 42% der QE- und 60% der CMA-Patienten wurden in 3 Folgejahren erneut stationär behandelt.
Schlussfolgerungen Rehabilitative Behandlung verringert den stationären Ressourcenverbrauch. Nicht rehafähige Akutpatienten (CMA) haben auf hohem Ausgangsniveau einen weiter steigenden Ressourcenverbrauch.
Response time in economic games reflects different types of decision conflict for prosocial and proself individuals
Authors: Yamagishi Toshio , Matsumoto Yoshie , Kiyonari Toko , Takagishi Haruto , Li Yang , Kanai Ryota , Sakagami Masamichi 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceProsocial and proself predispositions dictate economic game players’ fast decisions but exert limited influence when game players take a longer time in making decisions. Prosocially predisposed individuals use the extended time to contemplate the risk of being exploited. Selfishly predisposed individuals are suggested to behave according to the immediate incentives of the games when they make decisions quickly and become behaviorally less selfish as they spend more time assessing the long-term strategic implications of always behaving according to immediate incentives. Different strategies are needed to promote prosocial behavior and to design institutions depending on the constitution of the population.
Positive association between population genetic differentiation and speciation rates in New World birds
Authors: Harvey Michael G. , Seeholzer Glenn F. , Smith Brian Tilston , Rabosky Daniel L. , Cuervo Andrés M. , Brumfield Robb T. 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceThe causes of differentiation among populations are well circumscribed, but it remains unclear if they impact the proliferation of organisms over deep time. If, as some recent theory and observations suggest, population differentiation is not a rate-limiting control on species diversification, then the causes of population differentiation are unlikely to have macroevolutionary effects. We provide a large-scale test of the link between standardized estimates of rates of differentiation from population genetic data and speciation rates. Population differentiation rates predict speciation rates across New World birds, confirming the potential macroevolutionary importance of causes of differentiation. We also find that population differentiation and speciation rates are more tightly linked in the Tropics, which may help explain latitudinal differences in diversification dynamics.
A helicase-independent activity of eIF4A in promoting mRNA recruitment to the human ribosome
Authors: Sokabe Masaaki , Fraser Christopher S. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Recruitment of messenger RNA (mRNA) into the decoding site of the eukaryotic 40S ribosomal subunit is a critical step in the process of mRNA selection for translation. This step is known to require an open conformation of the decoding site to be induced, but the opening mechanism has not yet been determined. We generated a quantitative assay to monitor conformation changes that occur during mRNA recruitment using a reconstituted system. We show that, unexpectedly, mRNA recruitment is dependent on both the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4A DEAD-box helicase and ATP. This function of eIF4A is completely independent of its unwinding activity and thus functions as a regulator of translation initiation regardless of mRNA secondary structure content.