bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in a patient with homozygous sickle cell disease
Authors: Dodwell Richard , Rogers Simon , Simcox David , Smout Jonathan , Fisher Robert 
Published: April 2017

SummaryAs life expectancy of sickle cell disease improves, it can be expected that these individuals will increasingly require complex vascular surgery. We present the first reported case of endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm in this patient group. Our patient, despite being aware of the lack of published clinical experience in such cases, strongly favoured definitive repair of his 6.3cm aneurysm. Careful consideration of the surgical options, in consultation with haematologists and anaesthesia personnel, concluded that an endovascular approach was likely to offer the lowest risk of an acute sickling crisis. The multidisciplinary team agreed an individualised perioperative care plan, which included arrangements for prior patient education, pre‐operative exchange transfusion, haemoglobin profile targets, strategies for minimising sickling precipitants and appropriate postoperative care. This collaborative approach, which we believe to be mandatory in such cases, resulted in an uneventful procedure, smooth recovery and a satisfied patient who has returned to normal activities.
Electromagnetically induced transparency with Rydberg atoms across the Breit-Rabi regime
Authors: Naber Julian , Tauschinsky Atreju , van Linden van den Heuvell Ben , Spreeuw Robert 
Published: April 2017

We present experimental results on the influence of magnetic fields
and laser polarization on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)
using Rydberg levels of ^{87}87Rb
atoms. The measurements are performed in a room temperature vapor cell
with two counter-propagating laser beams at 480 m and 780 m in a
ladder-type energy level scheme. We measure the EIT spectrum of a range
of ns_{1/2}ns1/2
Rydberg states for n=19-27n=19−27,
where the hyperfine structure can still be resolved. Our measurements
span the range of magnetic fields from the low field linear Zeeman
regime to the high field Paschen-Back regimes. The observed spectra are
very sensitive to small changes in magnetic fields and the polarization
of the laser beams. We model our observations using optical Bloch
equations that take into account the full multi-level structure of the
atomic states involved and the decoupling of the electronic
JJ
and nuclear II
angular momenta in the Breit-Rabi regime. The numerical model yields
excellent agreement with the observations. In addition to EIT related
experiments, our results are relevant for experiments involving coherent
excitation to Rydberg levels in the presence of magnetic fields.
Serotonin Receptor Binding Characteristics of Geissoschizine Methyl Ether, an Indole Alkaloid in Uncaria Hook
Authors: Ikarashi Yasushi , Sekiguchi Kyoji , Mizoguchi Kazushige 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Geissoschizine methyl ether (GM) is one of the indole alkaloids in Uncaria
hook, and an active ingredient of yokukansan (YKS) that improves behavioral and psychological symptoms
of dementia (BPSD) in patients with several types of dementia. The pharmacological action of GM
has been related to various serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes.

Objective:
The aim of this article is to review the binding characteristics of GM to the 5-HT receptor
subtypes in the brains using our own data and previous findings.

Method:
Competitive receptor-binding and agonist/antagonist activity assays for several 5-HT receptor
subtypes were performed. Moreover, the articles describing pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of
GM were searched in PubMed.

Results:
GM bound the following 5-HT receptor subtypes: 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-
HT4, 5-HT5A, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7. Among these receptors, GM had partial agonistic activity for 5-HT1A
receptors and antagonistic activity for 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT7 receptors. Also, GM was
metabolized by various CYP isoforms, mainly CYP3A4. Parent/unchanged GM was detected in both the
blood and brain of rats after oral administration of YKS. In the brains, GM was presumed to bind to 5-
HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT7 receptors on neuron-like large cells mainly in the frontal cortex.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that GM is a pharmacologically important alkaloid that regulates
various serotonergic activities or functions by binding to multiple 5-HT receptor subtypes. Thus, this
review provides recent 5-HT receptor-related evidence that GM is partly responsible for pharmacological
effects of YKS.
The Impact of Client Error-Management Climate and the Nature of the Auditor-Client Relationship on External Auditor Reporting Decisions
Authors: Perreault Stephen , Wainberg James , Luippold Benjamin L. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
An important aspect of an organization's tone at the top is its practices for correcting the behavior of employees who deviate from set corporate policies and procedures (COSO 2013). Collectively, these practices are often referred to as an organization's error-management climate (EMC). We investigate whether a client's EMC can lead to behaviors that could reduce audit quality. We conduct an experiment and find that when a client's EMC is error averse (i.e., where employees are sanctioned for committing errors), external auditors indicate that client employees' errors discovered by the auditor are less likely to be reported. In addition, we examine the joint impact of the nature of the auditor-client relationship and EMC on auditor reporting. We find perceptions of reporting likelihood to be lower when the auditor is described as having a positive interpersonal relationship with the client employee responsible for the error. In addition, we find that this factor interacts with client EMC so as to exacerbate the observed reluctance to report when the climate is error averse. Our results provide initial evidence to suggest that an organization's EMC may impact auditor behaviors that could lead to reduced audit quality.
Data Availability: Upon request.
Pro Forma Earnings Presentation Effects and Investment Decisions
Authors: Hogan Brian R. , Krishnamoorthy Ganesh , Maroney James J. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Reacting to the criticism that companies routinely mislead investors by emphasizing non-GAAP or pro forma numbers, the SEC promulgated Regulation G in 2003, which requires firms to provide a reconciliation of the pro forma and GAAP numbers. In this study, we conduct an experiment to examine how investors' GAAP and non-GAAP earnings performance assessments affect their financial evaluations and investment decisions based on the presentation format of the reconciliation (presenting a full non-GAAP income statement, referred to as the full NGIS format, versus presenting only the items that caused the difference between GAAP and non-GAAP measures, referred to as the summary NGIS format). We find that even though a summary NGIS format for the reconciliation of pro forma earnings does not increase the perceived non-GAAP earnings performance, it does increase the weight given to non-GAAP earnings performance when making investment-related judgments and decisions, relative to a full NGIS format. These findings regarding the evaluation and weighting of non-GAAP earnings performance extend prior studies and suggest that non-GAAP earnings information may be processed differently based upon the format of the reconciliation. Further, our finding regarding the weighting of non-GAAP earnings performance is inconsistent with the concern expressed by the SEC that the full NGIS format may give greater prominence to non-GAAP information. Finally, the implications of these findings for regulators, investors, and future research are discussed.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam following intravenous and intramuscular administration to sheep
Authors: Simon Bradley T. , Scallan Elizabeth M. , O Odette , Ebner Lisa Sams , Cerullo Michelle N. , Follette Christelle , Cox Sherry K. , Doherty Thomas J. , Lizarraga Ignacio 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of midazolam following IV and IM administration in sheep.
ANIMALS 8 healthy adult rams.
PROCEDURES Sheep were administered midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) by the IV route and then by the IM route 7 days later in a crossover study. Physiologic and behavioral variables were assessed and blood samples collected for determination of plasma midazolam and 1-hydroxymidazolam (primary midazolam metabolite) concentrations immediately before (baseline) and at predetermined times for 1,440 minutes after midazolam administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by compartmental and noncompartmental methods.
RESULTS Following IV administration, midazolam was rapidly and extensively distributed and rapidly eliminated; mean ± SD apparent volume of distribution, elimination half-life, clearance, and area under the concentration-time curve were 838 ± 330 mL/kg, 0.79 ± 0.44 hours, 1,272 ± 310 mL/h/kg, and 423 ± 143 h·ng/mL, respectively. Following IM administration, midazolam was rapidly absorbed and bioavailability was high; mean ± SD maximum plasma concentration, time to maximum plasma concentration, area under the concentration-time curve, and bioavailability were 820 ± 268 ng/mL, 0.46 ± 0.26 hours, 1,396 ± 463 h·ng/mL, and 352 ± 148%, respectively. Respiratory rate was transiently decreased from baseline for 15 minutes after IV administration. Times to peak sedation and ataxia after IV administration were less than those after IM administration.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated midazolam was a suitable short-duration sedative for sheep, and IM administration may be a viable alternative when IV administration is not possible.
Emotional Engineering
Authors: Byrne Chris 
Published: April 2017

I want to talk about emotions. Well, I don’t really want to. Frankly, not having to deal with emotions was one of the attributes of engineering that attracted me to this field of study. I liked keeping interactions on an intellectual level. Answers to Math and Physics homework sets were cut and dried and the odd numbered ones could be found in the back of the book. There was security in knowing the right answer. However, despite the promise of clarity, even as an engineer, I found questions finding their way in, or their way out, questions that were rooted in my emotional landscape. Is this all there is? What do I want my life to be about? How am I making the world a better place by the work that I do? These weren’t academic questions for me; they were soul searching questions that challenged the core of my identity. Could I be an engineer and be whole, whatever that might mean? I’m proud of the work I have done to become an engineer, but there is something missing.
Are there ecological problems that technology cannot solve? Water scarcity and dams, climate change and biofuels
Authors: Karwat Darshan M.A. , Eagle W. Ethan , Wooldridge Margaret S. 
Published: April 2017

This paper shows through a comparative case study that many contemporary engineers working on a technological response to climate change—biofuel production—continue to be guided by traditional ethical and historical principles of efficiency and growth in spite of the uniqueness of climate change as a problem unbounded globally in space and time. The comparative case study reveals that in the past environmental issues like water scarcity were viewed as deficiencies of nature. In contrast, the development of biofuels as an engineering response to climate change shows that environmental and ecological issues today are viewed as deficiencies of technologies. Yet, just like large dams on rivers had (and continue to have) negative socioecological outcomes, political economy and political ecology research show biofuel development has socially unjust and ecologically degrading outcomes. Many engineers continue to separate the “technical” from the “political” aspects of engineering work, resulting in lost opportunities to reshape the technological development paradigm. While every technology has some negative impacts, engineers, as socioecological experimentalists, must account for these outcomes in their work to mitigate them. Encouragingly, the engineers interviewed for this paper (along the authors of this paper, who are all engineers) believe that problems like climate change are too narrowly defined, and that the problem-solving capabilities of engineers would lead to more favorable outcomes if problems were more broadly defined to incorporate concerns of social justice and ecological holism, and if we are given legitimacy and agency in proposing alternative, radical, and paradigm-changing solutions to problems like climate change.
Histo-Pathological Study of Endometrial Biopsies in Patients With Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Parajuli Sharmila , Thapa Binita 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common sign of a number of different uterine disorders ranging from dysfunctional (non organic) abnormalities or complications of pregnancy to organic lesions such as polyps, hyperplasia or carcinoma. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at Hospital of 2nd author during a period of 5 years (Jan 2008-Dec 2013). Histopathology records were retrieved and searched for cases of abnormal uterine bleeding. Relevant histopathological findings and clinical data were recorded and analyzed. The aim of the study was to determine the causes for abnormal uterine bleeding in women presenting to the hospital and to compare the histopathological findings at various age groups.Results: The age of patients ranged from 17 to 71 years with an average of 43 years. The most common cause of uterine bleeding was found to be proliferative phase endometrium; that were 649 cases (56.43%). Out of the pathological causes, the most common cause was found to be endometrial hyperplasia- 44 cases (3.82%). Endometrial carcinoma was found to be more common in the elderly postmenopausal women. A total of 6 cases (0.5%) of endometrial carcinoma were present.Conclusion: Endometrial hyperplasias and malignancies are common in increasing age group, especially in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. So, a thorough work-up and diagnostic endometrial biopsy is therefore mandatory without delay in these patients to rule out malignancies.
Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath of Great Toe
Authors: Thapa Surya Bahadur , Banskota Bibek , Banskota Ashok Kumar 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath is an uncommon benign soft tissue tumor of the tendon sheath and synovium usually affecting the middle aged population. Only 3-10 % of Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath occur on foot. Of them 5 - 10 % present with erosion of bone. We present a case of 30 years old male who had Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath on the foot involving the Flexor Hallucis Longs and Extensor Hallucis Longus and eroding both the phalanges of the right great toe.
Anti-cancer effect of Atractylodes macrocephala extract by double induction of apoptotic and autophagic cell death in head and neck cancer cells
Authors: Kou Ni , Cho Hyejoung , Kim Hye-Eun , Sun Qiaochu , Ahn Kyuhyeon , Ji Hyeongjoon , Choi Hongran , Kim Okjoon 
Published: April 2017

The apoptosis resistance restricts the efficacy of traditional therapies of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To overcome this problem, Atractylodes macrocephala, a traditional Korean and Chinese herbal medicine, has been used in clinical practice. In the present study, the anticancer effect of A. macrocephala extract was investigated and its underlying mechanisms using head and neck cancer KB cell line. The extract-induced cytotoxicity was mediated by autophagic cell death as well as apoptosis in HNSCC cells though extrinsic apoptotic pathway and the Akt/mTOR autophagic pathway. This study suggests that A. macrocephala extracts can be a potential drug to overcome side effects and susceptibility for head and neck carcinoma by double induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
Video Clip of Methodology: 6 min 27 sec Full Screen Alternate
Domaine et objet de la sémiotique [Scope and aims of semiotics]
Authors: Sebeok Thomas A. 
Published: April 2017

In the context of the semiotic field, the author first defines the functional area of message exchange and the structural area of subjacent sign systems, each of which implies the other. He then goes on to set out the criteria which enable one to make a classification of signs in a synchronic perspective from an extrinsic viewpoint — i.e. from the point of view of communications functions — as well as from an intrinsic standpoint — from the point of view of their structure. (The possibility of a diachronic form of classification if not entered into.) First the criteria which would probably be useful in an extrinsic synchronic sign classification system are set out in the framework of a simple communication model consisting of a transmitter and a receiver linked by various channels transmitting a coded message within a given context. With reference to the codifier, i.e. the transmitter, the author distinguishes between transmitters consisting of inorganic objects (natural or manufactured) and of terrestrial (men and animals) or extraterrestrial organic objects, as well as between these and transmitters consisting in part or in entirety of an organism. When speaking of the transmitter-receiver unit, he distinguishes animal communication from human communication, which can be intra-, inter- or pluri-personal. Dealing next with the channels, he distinguishes between matter-channels and energy-channels. With regard to the overall features of the pattern, he differentiates between human and animal communication with or without the use of an instrument as medium bringing into play signs produced either by the subject himself or by means of an instrument. Finally, he remarks that superior organised beings, including man, enjoy the ability to use several semiotic systems simultaneously.
An intrinsic synchronic system of sign classification brings one back to the problem of the sign and the relationship between content and expression. This is the concern of semantics, a field of study which poses two fundamental questions concerning the reference of a «token» and the meaning of a «type» (to use Peirce's terminology) and the distinction to be made between relationships of references and of designation. Proceeding from these notions, the author sets out a sign classification system or, to be more precise, a system for classifying the superior aspects of signs which are used to refer to them and which differentiates signals, symptoms, syndromes, icons, indexes, symbols and names.
Quelques aspects théoriques des recherches concernant les mariages mixtes [Some theorical aspects of research about mixed marriages]
Authors: Bensimon Doris , Lautman Françoise 
Published: April 2017

Are there any criteria which allow marriages to be definitively classified as mixed ? Simply counting every possible variable would be interminable and fallacious and would lead to the definition of all marriages as mixed, confounding heterogamy and mixedness.
It is not the existence of a difference — whatever that difference may be — that defines mixedness but the existence of an endogamous social group which operates according to a social definition of 'difference' and accepts the notion of interdict. Mixed marriage is then the union between two people who should not have married. Their marriage infringes upon principles considered as important for the survival and cohesion of the group.
The authors consider problems arising in the study of mixed couples in the light of the following :
— Under what conditions may mixed marriage be considered pathological ;
— to what extent are the effects of the social definition of difference subject to varia¬ tions according to feelings of membership ;
— at what level does the notion of social status come in ;
— what are the problems which cultural duality entails for the socialization of the couples and their children.
Le mariage mixte comme indicateur social de l'adaptation : le mariage franco-arménien [Mixed marriage as a social indicator of adaptation : French-Armenian marriage]
Authors: Périgaud Jacques 
Published: April 2017

The definition of mixed marriages must be divorced from collective feeling to be of scien¬ tific value. Research will then no longer be focused upon a social and concrete fact but upon a phenomenon which subjacent laws will participate in explaining.
After having postulated that the notion of mixed marriages no longer corresponds to a condensed heterogeneity, which is socially intolerable, but to a scattered homogeneity, a typology, designed to be experimentally validated, will be elaborated. The concept of adapta¬ tion and the notion of entropy will be employed at a theoretical level in order to show that mixed marriages are the result of complex processes tending to homogenize populations who are from different cultures but who live in permanent contact.
According to a first approximation, the experimental results would demonstrate that mixed unions, as a social phenomenon, obey in part an adaptation process and are in conflict with the entropy of a cultural system which develops amidst a minority group whose original culture differs from that of the neighbouring society.
Weights of the Mod p Kernels of Theta Operators
Authors: Böcherer Siegfried , Kikuta Toshiyuki , Takemori Sho 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLet Θ[j] be an analogue of the Ramanujan theta operator for Siegel modular forms. For a given prime p, we give the weights of elements of mod p kernel of Θ[j], where the mod p kernel of Θ[j] is the set of all Siegel modular forms F such that Θ[j](F) is congruent to zero modulo p. In order to construct examples of the mod p kernel of Θ[j] fromany Siegel modular form, we introduce new operators A(j)(M) and show the modularity of F|A(j)(M) when F is a Siegel modular form. Finally, we give some examples of the mod p kernel of Θ[j] and the filtrations of some of them.
Data-driven clustering of rain events: microphysics information derived from macro-scale observations
Authors: Dilmi Mohamed Djallel , Mallet Cécile , Barthes Laurent , Chazottes Aymeric 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Rain time series records are generally studied using rainfall rate or accumulation parameters, which are estimated for a fixed duration (typically 1 min, 1 h or 1 day). In this study we use the concept of rain events. The aim of the first part of this paper is to establish a parsimonious characterization of rain events, using a minimal set of variables selected among those normally used for the characterization of these events. A methodology is proposed, based on the combined use of a genetic algorithm (GA) and self-organizing maps (SOMs). It can be advantageous to use an SOM, since it allows a high-dimensional data space to be mapped onto a two-dimensional space while preserving, in an unsupervised manner, most of the information contained in the initial space topology. The 2-D maps obtained in this way allow the relationships between variables to be determined and redundant variables to be removed, thus leading to a minimal subset of variables. We verify that such 2-D maps make it possible to determine the characteristics of all events, on the basis of only five features (the event duration, the peak rain rate, the rain event depth, the standard deviation of the rain rate event and the absolute rain rate variation of the order of 0.5). From this minimal subset of variables, hierarchical cluster analyses were carried out. We show that clustering into two classes allows the conventional convective and stratiform classes to be determined, whereas classification into five classes allows this convective–stratiform classification to be further refined. Finally, our study made it possible to reveal the presence of some specific relationships between these five classes and the microphysics of their associated rain events.