bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valuing Equal Protection in Aviation Security Screening
Authors: Nguyen Kenneth D. , Rosoff Heather , John Richard S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe growing number of anti‐terrorism policies has elevated public concerns about discrimination. Within the context of airport security screening, the current study examines how American travelers value the principle of equal protection by quantifying the “equity premium” that they are willing to sacrifice to avoid screening procedures that result in differential treatments. In addition, we applied the notion of procedural justice to explore the effect of alternative selective screening procedures on the value of equal protection. Two‐hundred and twenty‐two respondents were randomly assigned to one of three selective screening procedures: (1) randomly, (2) using behavioral indicators, or (3) based on demographic characteristics. They were asked to choose between airlines using either an equal or a discriminatory screening procedure. While the former requires all passengers to be screened in the same manner, the latter mandates all passengers undergo a quick primary screening and, in addition, some passengers are selected for a secondary screening based on a predetermined selection criterion. Equity premiums were quantified in terms of monetary cost, wait time, convenience, and safety compromise. Results show that equity premiums varied greatly across respondents, with many indicating little willingness to sacrifice to avoid inequitable screening, and a smaller minority willing to sacrifice anything to avoid the discriminatory screening. The selective screening manipulation was effective in that equity premiums were greater under selection by demographic characteristics compared to the other two procedures.
Public Perception of Uncertainties Within Climate Change Science
Authors: Visschers Vivianne H. M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractClimate change is a complex, multifaceted problem involving various interacting systems and actors. Therefore, the intensities, locations, and timeframes of the consequences of climate change are hard to predict and cause uncertainties. Relatively little is known about how the public perceives this scientific uncertainty and how this relates to their concern about climate change. In this article, an online survey among 306 Swiss people is reported that investigated whether people differentiate between different types of uncertainty in climate change research. Also examined was the way in which the perception of uncertainty is related to people's concern about climate change, their trust in science, their knowledge about climate change, and their political attitude. The results of a principal component analysis showed that respondents differentiated between perceived ambiguity in climate research, measurement uncertainty, and uncertainty about the future impact of climate change. Using structural equation modeling, it was found that only perceived ambiguity was directly related to concern about climate change, whereas measurement uncertainty and future uncertainty were not. Trust in climate science was strongly associated with each type of uncertainty perception and was indirectly associated with concern about climate change. Also, more knowledge about climate change was related to less strong perceptions of each type of climate science uncertainty. Hence, it is suggested that to increase public concern about climate change, it may be especially important to consider the perceived ambiguity about climate research. Efforts that foster trust in climate science also appear highly worthwhile.
Assessing the Likelihood and Magnitude of a Population Health Benefit Following the Market Introduction of a Modified‐Risk Tobacco Product: Enhancements to the Dynamic Population Modeler, DPM(+1)
Authors: Bachand Annette M. , Sulsky Sandra I. , Curtin Geoffrey M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractResearchers and those responsible for evaluating and implementing policies intended to reduce population harm must assess the potential for both intended and unintended consequences associated with those policies. Such assessments should be based on the combined dimensions of magnitude, and thus likelihood, of shifts in exposure patterns needed to produce a population benefit or harm, and magnitude of the expected population benefit or harm. In response to this assessment need, we provide a conceptual description of the dynamic population modeler, DPM(+1), as well as illustrative analyses that estimate the effects on all‐cause mortality, life expectancy, and quality of life‐adjusted life expectancy if exposure patterns in the population shift from a higher risk product (e.g., cigarettes) to a lower, or modified, risk tobacco product (MRTP) in specified ways. Estimates from these analyses indicate that, within a single birth cohort, switching completely from cigarette smoking to MRTP use is more likely to lead to a population‐level survival benefit than initiating tobacco use with an MRTP instead of cigarettes. This is because tobacco initiation rarely occurs beyond young adulthood, whereas continuing smokers exist in all subsequent age categories, leading to a greater cumulative effect. In addition, complete switching to MRTP use among a small proportion of smokers in each age category offsets the survival deficit caused by unintended shifts in exposure patterns, such as MRTP initiation among never tobacco users followed by transitioning to cigarette smoking and/or cigarette smokers switching to MRTP use instead of quitting.
Sex and regional differences in rabbit right ventricular L‐type calcium current levels and mathematical modelling of arrhythmia vulnerability
Authors: Kalik Zane M. , Mike Joshua L. , Slipski Cassandra , Wright Moriah , Jalics Jozsi Z. , Womble Mark D. 
Published: April 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Regional variations of ventricular L‐type calcium current (ICa‐L) amplitude may underlie the increased arrhythmia risk in adult females. Current amplitude variations have been described for the left ventricle but not for the right ventricle.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Adult female rabbit right ventricular base myocytes exhibit elevated ICa‐L compared with female apex or male myocytes. Oestrogen upregulated ICa‐L in cultured female myocytes. Mathematical simulations modelling long QT syndrome type 2 demonstrated that elevated ICa‐L prolonged action potentials and induced early after‐depolarizations. Thus, ventricular arrhythmias in adult females may be associated with an oestrogen‐induced upregulation of ICa‐L.

Previous studies have shown that adult rabbit left ventricular myocytes exhibit sex and regional differences in L‐type calcium current (ICa‐L) levels that contribute to increased female susceptibility to arrhythmogenic early after‐depolarizations (EADs). We used patch‐clamp recordings from isolated adult male and female rabbit right ventricular myocytes to determine apex–base differences in ICa‐L density and used mathematical modelling to examine the contribution of ICa‐L to EAD formation. Current density measured at 0 mV in female base myocytes was 67% higher than in male base myocytes and 55% higher than in female apex myocytes. No differences were observed between male and female apex myocytes, between male apex and base myocytes, or in the voltage dependences of ICa‐L activation or inactivation. The role of oestrogen was investigated using cultured adult female right ventricular base myocytes. After 2 days, 17β‐estradiol (1 nm) produced a 65% increase in ICa‐L density compared with untreated control myocytes, suggesting an oestrogen‐induced upregulation of ICa‐L. Action potential simulations using a modified Luo–Rudy cardiomyocyte model showed that increased ICa‐L density, at the level observed in female base myocytes, resulted in longer duration action potentials, and when combined with a 50% reduction of the rapidly inactivating delayed rectifier potassium current conductance to model long QT syndrome type 2, the action potential was accompanied by one or more EADs. Thus, we found higher levels of ICa‐L in adult female right ventricle base myocytes and the upregulation of this current by oestrogen. Simulations of long QT syndrome type 2 showed that elevated ICa‐L contributed to genesis of EADs.
Respiratory difficulty with palatal, laryngeal and respiratory muscle tremor in adult-onset Alexander’s disease
Authors: McAuley John , Taylor Rowena , Simonds Anita , Chawda Sanjiv 
Published: April 2017

Sleep apnoea and respiratory difficulties are reported in adult-onset Alexander’s disease (AOAD), an autosomal-dominant leukodystrophy that presents mainly with progressive ataxia. We demonstrate for the first time that the respiratory symptoms can result from association of palatal tremor with a similar tremor of laryngeal and respiratory muscles that interrupts normal inspiration and expiration.A 60-year-old woman presented with progressive ataxia, palatal tremor and breathlessness. MRI revealed medullary atrophy, bilateral T2 hyperintensities in the dentate nuclei and hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD). AOAD was confirmed genetically with a positive glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mutation. Electrophysiological study revealed 1.5 Hz rhythmic laryngeal and respiratory muscle activity. Her respiratory symptoms were significantly improved at night with variable positive pressure ventilation.This case illustrates that palatal tremor in AOAD, and potentially in other conditions, may be associated with treatable breathlessness due to a similar tremor of respiratory muscles.
Efeito da hipomagnesemia e da suplementação de magnésio sobre a insuficiência renal aguda pós-isquêmica
Authors: Silva Josenalva Cassiano da , Seguro Antonio Carlos 
Published: April 2017

Hipótese: Este trabalho visa avaliar os efeitos da hipomagnesemia e da suplementação de magnésio nainsuficiência renal aguda pós- isquêmica. Materiais e Métodos: Foram utilizados ratos machos Wistar, divididos emcinco grupos: controle, hipomagnesêmico, isquêmico, hipoMg+ isquêmico, suplementado + isq. Foi feito o estudo de clearance de inulina e a determinação de medidas funcionais. Resultados: A hipomagnesemia no contexto de uma isquemia renal levou a uma queda mais acentuada do RFG (Cin) e FSR e aumento da RVR. Nos animaissuplementados, houve um aumento dos valores de Cin e FeH2O. Conclusões: A hipomagnesemia na insuficiênciarenal aguda (IRA) potencializa os efeitos desta sobre a função renal. A suplementação de Magnésio protege parcialmente dos efeitos da IRA pós-isquêmica.
Efeito da escala MELD na mortalidade após transplante de fígado
Authors: Fernandes Jorge Henrique , Millan Lincoln Saito , Massarollo Paulo Celso Bosco , Mies Sérgio 
Published: April 2017

A alta mortalidade na lista de espera por transplante de fígado (Tx) tem estimulado a adoção de critérios degravidade para alocação de órgãos. O objetivo desse trabalho é investigar qual o efeito da classificação MELD (Modelfor End-Stage Liver Disease) na mortalidade após o Tx. Foram revisados 237 casos de Tx eletivo com doador cadáverrealizados entre 1º/11/1995 e 30/7/2001. Na análise de regressão logística, foi encontrada uma interação significanteentre a pontuação MELD e a mortalidade nos primeiros 6 meses após o transplante (odds ratio = 1,052; IC95% = 1,015 a 1,090; p = 0,02). Para estudar o efeito da escala MELD na sobrevida atuarial, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo A (n = 126) com valores de MELD abaixo da média da casuística global (14,4) e Grupo B (n = 111) compontuação MELD acima desse valor. Existe uma diferença significante entre a sobrevida ao longo do tempo nos doisgrupos (p = 0,0374). A análise de regressão proporcional de Cox indicou risco 1,65 vezes maior no grupo B (riscorelativo = 1,6523; IC95% = 1,0240 a 2,6662).
Prevenção da reestenose pós-angioplastia coronária: mito ou realidade?
Authors: Santos Filho Edson Guilherme dos , Abdo Guilherme Lozi , Orel Milton , Gun Carlos 
Published: April 2017

A doença arterial coronária é a principal causa de óbito em ambos os sexos em nações industrializadas. A maioria destas mortes ocorre devido à aterosclerose das artérias coronárias. A medida terapêutica mais eficaz para a aterosclerose obstrutiva é a Angioplastia Percutânea Transluminal Coronária (APTC) com a utilização de stent. Entretanto, esta terapia vem encontrando limitações em seu sucesso, pois em 30 a 50% dos casos de implantação de stent ocorre a principal complicação deste procedimento – a reestenose. Inúmeros fármacos têm sido testados com o propósito de prevenir o processo reestenótico, porém o sucesso foi pequeno quando comparado às taxas de reestenose encontradas. Estes fármacos podem ser divididos em dois grupos, os de ação sistêmica e local. Os sistêmicos não apresentaram resultados satisfatórios, uma vez que as taxas variaram de 9,5 a 40% na prevenção da reestenose. Já as drogas de liberação local, através do revestimento de stent com substâncias liberadas lentamente, os resultados foram significativos. Os principais fármacos estudados neste grupo incluem a Rapamicina e Paclitaxel. Este obteve resultados importantes na proliferação das camadas íntima e média, alcançando taxa de reestenose de 4%. Já a Rapamicina, através da inibição da proliferação de células musculares lisas tem importante papel naprevenção da neoformação intimal, confirmado através da realização de estudos randomizados e duplo-cegos (RAVEL),nos quais constatou-se taxa de reestenose nunca antes observada na cardiologia intervencionista – 0%. Apesar deresultados promissores, há necessidade de maiores estudos clínicos para definir a real efetividade desta droga naprevenção da reestenose pós APTC.
Mutação do Gene p53 induzindo predisposição hereditária ao câncer: relato de um caso da síndrome de Li-Fraumeni
Authors: Pinto Fernanda Nunes , Prudente Fernanda Vilas Boas , Gonçalves Marina Sahade , Silva Priscilla Domene Vaccaro , Del Giglio Auro 
Published: April 2017

A Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni é uma síndrome de predisposição familiar ao câncer, caracterizada pela presença de múltiplos tumores, tais como sarcomas, carcinomas de mama, tumores cerebrais e leucemia. O caso relatado é de uma paciente feminina de 37 anos, que apresenta uma significativa história familiar de câncer, bem como história pessoal de seis diferentes tumores primários (um de cólon, um nevus displásico, um de ovário e três de mama). O seqüenciamento do gene supressor de tumor p53 em seus linfócitos presentes no sangue periférico revelou uma mutação do aminoácido triptofano (TGG) para um códon de parada prematuro (TAG), no nucleotídeo 437 do códon 146 do exon 5 deste gene. As implicações clínicas, preventivas e éticas deste caso são também abordadas.
Terrain-Trapped Airflows and Orographic Rainfall along the Coast of Northern California. Part I: Kinematic Characterization Using a Wind Profiling Radar
Authors: Valenzuela Raul A. , Kingsmill David E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study develops an objective method of identifying terrain-trapped airflows (TTAs) along the coast of Northern California and documenting their impact on orographic rainfall. TTAs are defined as relatively narrow air masses that consistently flow in close proximity and approximately parallel to an orographic barrier. A 13-winter-seasons dataset is employed, including observations from a 915-MHz wind profiling radar along the coast at Bodega Bay (BBY, 15 m MSL) and surface meteorology stations at BBY and in the coastal mountains at Cazadero (CZD, 478 m MSL). A subset of rainy hours exhibits a profile with enhanced vertical shear and an easterly wind maximum in the lowest 500 m MSL, roughly the same depth as the nearby coastal terrain. Both flow features have a connection to TTAs along the coast of Northern California. Based on the average orientation (320°–140°) and altitude of nearby topography, mean wind direction in the lowest 500 m MSL () between 0°–140° is used as the initial criterion to identify TTA conditions. Application of this threshold yields a CZD/BBY rainfall ratio of 1.4 (3.2) for TTA (NO TTA) conditions. More detailed analysis of the relationship between and orographic rainfall reveals that an upper threshold of 150° more precisely divides the TTA and NO-TTA regimes. A sensitivity analysis and comparison with a TTA documented in a previous case study show that the best TTA identification criteria correspond to with a duration of at least 2 h. This objective identification method is applied to seven case studies in Part II of the present study.
Meeting Report of the XIV International Small Bowel Transplant Symposium: Summary of Presentations, Workshops, and Debates From a Comprehensive Meeting on Intestinal Failure, Rehabilitation, and Transplantation, Buenos Aires, Argentina, June 10–13, 2015
Authors: Gondolesi Gabriel E. , Fernandez Adriana , Burghardt Karolina M. , Nowakowski Scott , Kaufman Stuart S. , Pascher Andreas , Florescu Diana , Ruiz Phillip , Vianna Rodrigo , Clarke Sara , Oltean Mihai , Rumbo Martin , Mazariegos George , Sudan Debra L. , Farmer Douglas G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe 2015 meeting of the Intestinal Transplant Association was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. This was the 14th International Small Bowel Transplant Symposium, and it was the first meeting organized as a joint venture of the Transplantation Society, the Intestinal Transplant Association, and the Argentinean Transplant Society (Sociedad Argentina de Trasplantes). Innovative aspects of the classic meeting format included workshops sessions, debates, and multicenter studies. This report highlights the most prominent scientific contributions and results of the first such symposium in a Latin American country.
A report of two years of pre-hospital blood transfusions by Thames Valley Air Ambulance
Authors: Raitt James E , Norris-Cervetto Edward , Hawksley Oliver 
Published: April 2017

Introduction Thames Valley Air Ambulance have carried two units of red blood cells on board both the aircraft and rapid response car since 2014. Methods A retrospective database narrative review of patients receiving blood was carried out. Results Data were analysed for 63 patients, the age range was 13 years to 89 years and 74.6% were male. Blunt trauma was the mechanism of injury in 84%. Overall, 16% of patients died at scene, 32% died either in the Emergency Department or as a hospital inpatient and 52% survived to discharge. There were no survivors from traumatic cardiac arrest who received blood products. Injury Severity Scores (ISS) ranged from 4 to 75, and 95% of the patients for whom data were available had an Injury Severity Scores greater than 15. Discussion Patients who received pre-hospital blood transfusions were overwhelmingly those with high Injury Severity Scores and the majority who survived to hospital received additional blood products on arrival. This suggests that our pre-hospital blood transfusions were correctly targeted to severely injured patients who had a need for blood transfusion in hospital.
Choice of ANesthesia for EndoVAScular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Protocol for a randomized controlled (CANVAS) trial
Authors: Peng Yuming , Li Yan , Jian Minyu , Liu Xiaoyuan , Sun Jian , Jia Bo , Dong Jia , Zeng Min , Lin Nan , Zhang Li , Gelb Adrian W. , Chan Matthew TV , Han Ruquan 
Published: April 2017

Background Observational studies indicate that the type of anesthesia, local or general, may be associated with the post-procedural neurological function in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular treatment. However, these results need further confirmation, and the causal relationship has not yet been established. Methods This is a randomized controlled equivalence trial. Permuted block randomization stratified by culprit vessels will be used. Six hundred and forty patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular recanalization will be randomized one to one to receive either general anesthesia or local anesthesia. The primary endpoint is the modified Rankin scale at 90 days after endovascular treatment. The secondary endpoints are the peri-procedural mortality and morbidity. Discussion The study aims to determine the effects of anesthetic choice on neurological outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing intra-arterial recanalization. If the results are positive, the study will indicate that the type of anesthesia does not affect neurological outcome after endovascular treatment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT02677415
Does Physiological Stress Slow Down Wound Healing in Patients With Diabetes?
Authors: Razjouyan Javad , Grewal Gurtej Singh , Talal Talal K. , Armstrong David G. , Mills Joseph L. , Najafi Bijan 
Published: April 2017

Background: Poor healing is an important contributing factor to amputation among patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Physiological stress may slow wound healing and increase susceptibility to infection. Objectives: The objective was to examine the association between heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of physiological stress response and healing speed (HealSpeed) among outpatients with active DFUs. Design and Methods: Ambulatory patients with diabetes with DFUs (n = 25, age: 59.3 ± 8.3 years) were recruited. HRV during pre–wound dressing was measured using a wearable sensor attached to participants’ chest. HRVs were quantified in both time and frequency domains to assess physiological stress response and vagal tone (relaxation). Change in wound size between two consecutive visits was used to estimate HealSpeed. Participants were then categorized into slow healing and fast healing groups. Between the two groups, comparisons were performed for demographic, clinical, and HRV derived parameters. Associations between different descriptors of HRV and HealSpeed were also assessed. Results: HealSpeed was significantly correlated with both vagal tone ( r = –.705, P = .001) and stress response ( r = .713, P = .001) extracted from frequency domain. No between-group differences were observed except those from HRV-derived parameters. Models based on HRVs were the highest predictors of slow/fast HealSpeed (AUC > 0.90), while models based on demographic and clinical information had poor classification performance (AUC = 0.44). Conclusion: This study confirms an association between stress/vagal tone and wound healing in patients with DFUs. In particular, it highlights the importance of vagal tone (relaxation) in expediting wound healing. It also demonstrates the feasibility of assessing physiological stress responses using wearable technology in outpatient clinic during routine clinic visits.