bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy-Based Medical Devices in Plastic Surgery: A Comparison of FDA-Approved Indications to Advertised Claims
Authors: Gomez Diego A , Abdulwadood Isra , Bogan Aaron , Morris Bryn E , Kenkel Jeffrey M , Bernard Robert W , Reece Edward M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Lasers and energy-based devices are commonly employed in aesthetic medicine. In the United States, the FDA regulates lasers as medical devices, restricting marketing to approved indications and making off-label claims illegal. Despite this, no comprehensive analysis of off-label marketing prevalence exists.

Objectives
The authors of this study aim to compare the FDA-approved indications for 2 popular aesthetic lasers to their online advertising claims. Additionally, they seek to educate aesthetic providers on the current regulatory restrictions surrounding off-label advertising.

Methods
FDA-approved indications for 2 lasers—helium plasma dermal resurfacing and 2940 nm fractional erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet—were obtained from the publicly available Establishment Registration & Device Listings Database. Online advertisements regarding the capabilities of each laser were collected from practice websites in the United States.

Results
Our analysis of 100 online claims for each laser revealed that more than half of the websites advertising helium plasma (n = 59) and 44 websites advertising fractional lasers made at least 1 off-label claim. Both plastic surgeons and nonplastic surgeons made at least 1 off-label claim, with no statistically significant difference between the groups.

Conclusions
Despite FDA regulation of medical devices, online advertising regarding the indications and capabilities of popular medical lasers varies widely. Patients who seek information regarding aesthetic laser treatments may encounter inaccurate and differing claims for these treatments, potentially leading to false expectations and poor patient outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Risk)
Feeling (Un)safe in Prison: A Comparative Analysis of England & Wales and Norway
Authors: Martens Sophie , Crewe Ben 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
While there is abundant literature on prison violence, much less has been written about how safety is perceived and conceived in prison. Even less is known about how these feelings of safety and their respective predictors may vary between prison systems. This study illustrates what predicts feelings of safety and how prisoners define and experience safety in two jurisdictions, Norway and England & Wales. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, using data from surveys (N = 984) and interviews (N = 199) from a major comparative penological project. It finds that while prisoners in Norway generally reported feeling safer than prisoners in England & Wales, the quantitative predictors of safety did not vary by jurisdiction. From a qualitative perspective, however, it was observed that prisoners in England & Wales held a more limited definition of safety (bounded safety) in which they accepted a constant need for vigilance, whereas prisoners in Norway showed more trust in their environment. This finding suggests that feelings of safety in prison may be (at least partly) context-dependent, which raises important questions regarding the much-debated ‘safety paradox’ in prison, and forms a relevant insight for future comparative work.
Different taste map for amiloride sensitivity, response frequency, and threshold to NaCl in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract in rats
Authors: Yokota Tatsuko , Hiraba Katsunari 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Studies on taste bud cells and brain stem relay nuclei suggest that alternative pathways convey information regarding different taste qualities. Building on the hypothesis that amiloride (epithelial Na channel antagonist)-sensitive neurons respond to palatable salt (low-concentration) and amiloride-insensitive neurons respond to aversive salt (high-concentration), we investigated the histological distribution of taste-sensitive neurons in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract in rats and their NaCl and amiloride sensitivities. We recorded neuronal activity in extracellular single units using multi-barrel glass micropipettes and reconstructed their locations on the rostrocaudal and mediolateral axes. Seventy-three taste-sensitive neurons were categorized into the best-taste category. The amiloride sensitivities of the 31 neurons were examined for 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 M NaCl. The neuronal distribution of amiloride-sensitive neurons was located in the lateral region, while amiloride-insensitive neurons were located in the medial region. The amiloride-sensitive neurons responded to low salt concentrations, signaling the NaCl levels required by body fluids. Amiloride-insensitive neurons were silent at low salt concentrations but may function as warning signals for high salt concentrations. Low-threshold and/or high-response neurons were located in the rostrolateral region. In contrast, high-threshold and/or low-response neurons were located in the caudal-medial region.
Unraveling Sepsis Epidemiology in a Low- and Middle-Income Intensive Care Setting Reveals the Alarming Burden of Tropical Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance: A Prospective Observational Study (MARS-India)
Authors: Virk Harjeet S , Biemond Jason J , Earny Venkat A , Chowdhury Soumi , Frölke Roos I , Khanna Saachi M , Shanbhag Vishal , Rao Shwethapriya , Acharya Raviraj V , Balakrishnan Jayaraj M , Eshwara Vandana K , Varma Muralidhar D , van der Poll Tom , Wiersinga Willem J , Mukhopadhyay Chiranjay 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Our study addresses the sepsis research gap in lower- and middle-income countries, notably India. Here, we investigate community-acquired sepsis comprehensively and explore the impact of tropical microbiology on etiology and outcomes.

Methods
MARS-India was a prospective observational study from December 2018 to September 2022 in a tertiary-care hospital in South India. Adult patients within 24 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) admission meeting the Sepsis-3 definition were enrolled, with 6 months of follow-up.

Results
More than 4000 patients were screened on ICU admission, with 1000 unique patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Median age was 55 (interquartile range, 44–65) years, with a male preponderance (66%). Almost half the cohort resided in villages (46.5%) and 74.6% worked in the primary sector. Mortality in-hospital was 24.1%. Overall, about 54% had confirmed microbiological diagnosis and &gt;18% had a viral cause of sepsis. Surprisingly, we identified leptospirosis (10.6%), scrub typhus (4.1%), dengue (3.7%), and Kyasanur forest disease (1.6%) as notable causes of sepsis. All of these infections showed seasonal variation around the monsoon. In community-acquired infections, we observed substantial resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems.

Conclusions
In India, sepsis disproportionally affects a younger and lower-socioeconomic demographic, yielding high mortality. Tropical and viral sepsis carry a significant burden. Analyzing local data, we pinpoint priorities for public health and resources, offering valuable insights for global sepsis research.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03727243.
Multielectrode catheter-based pulsed field ablation of persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Della Rocca Domenico G , Sorgente Antonio , Pannone Luigi , Cespón-Fernández María , Vetta Giampaolo , Almorad Alexandre , Bala Gezim , Del Monte Alvise , Ströker Erwin , Sieira Juan , Doundoulakis Ioannis , Mouram Sahar , Audiat Charles , Monaco Cinzia , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Scacciavillani Roberto , Marcon Lorenzo , Nakasone Kazutaka , Zaher Wael , Overeinder Ingrid , Boveda Serge , La Meir Mark , Natale Andrea , Sarkozy Andrea , de Asmundis Carlo , Chierchia Gian-Battista 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Rhythm control of non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is significantly more challenging, as a result of arrhythmia perpetuation promoting atrial substrate changes and AF maintenance. We describe a tailored ablation strategy targeting multiple left atrial (LA) sites via a pentaspline pulsed field ablation (PFA) catheter in persistent AF sustained beyond 6 months (PerAF &gt; 6 m) and long-standing persistent AF (LSPAF).

Methods and results
The ablation protocol included the following stages: pulmonary vein antral and posterior wall isolation plus anterior roof line ablation (Stage 1); electrogram-guided substrate ablation (Stage 2); atrial tachyarrhythmia regionalization and ablation (Stage 3). Seventy-two [age:68 ± 10years, 61.1%males; AF history: 25 (18–45) months] patients with PerAF &gt; 6 m (52.8%) and LSPAF (47.2%) underwent their first PFA via the FarapulseTM system. LA substrate ablation (Stage 1 and 2) led to AF termination in 95.8% of patients. AF organized into a left-sided atrial flutter (AFlu) in 46 (74.2%) patients. The PFA catheter was used to identify LA sites showing diastolic, low-voltage electrograms and entrainment from its splines was performed to confirm the pacing site was inside the AFlu circuit. Left AFlu termination was achieved in all cases via PFA delivery. Total procedural and LA dwell times were 112 ± 25 min and 59 ± 22 min, respectively. Major complications occurred in 2 (2.8%) patients. Single-procedure success rate was 74.6% after 14.9 ± 2.7 months of follow-up; AF-free survival was 89.2%.

Conclusion
In our cohort, PFA-based AF substrate ablation led to AF termination in 95.8% of cases. Very favourable clinical outcomes were observed during &gt;1 year of follow-up.
Improved outcomes with leadless vs. single-chamber transvenous pacemaker in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Panico Alexandre , Flahault Adrien , Guillemin Francis , Varlet Emilie , Couchoud Cécile , Bauwens Marc , Marijon Eloi , Roueff Stéphane , Lazareth Hélène 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac conduction disorders are common in haemodialysis patients, with a relatively high rate of pacemaker implantations. Pacemaker-related complications, especially lead infections and central venous stenosis, pose significant challenges in this population. This study aims to compare single-chamber leadless pacemaker to single-chamber transvenous pacemakers in terms of survival and related complications in haemodialysis patients.

Methods and results
This retrospective study included adult haemodialysis patients who received a first single-chamber transvenous or leadless pacemaker between January 2017 and December 2020. Data were obtained from the French national REIN registry matched to the national health databases (Système National des Données de Santé). Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline characteristics. Survival and complications were compared between groups by Cox regression and by competitive risk models, respectively. One hundred and seventy-eight patients were included after propensity score matching, with 89 patients in each group. The median follow-up time was 24 (range 7–37) months. Leadless pacemakers were associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality rates compared to transvenous pacemakers [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.47–0.99)]. Device-related infections are significantly lower with leadless pacemakers throughout the follow-up period (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21–0.86). Leadless pacemaker recipients also required fewer vascular access interventions [odds ratio 0.53, 95% CI (0.33–0.68)] on arteriovenous fistula.

Conclusion
With the limitations of its observational design, this study suggests that leadless pacemakers are associated with a lower rate of complications and better survival as compared with transvenous VVI pacemakers in haemodialysis patients, supporting to consider their preferential use in this population.
Compromised CDK12 activity causes dependency on the high activity of O-GlcNAc transferase
Authors: Pallasaho Satu , Gondane Aishwarya , Kutz Julia , Liang Jing , Yalala Shivani , Duveau Damien Y , Pospiech Helmut , Thomas Craig J , Loda Massimo , Itkonen Harri M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) coordinates with regulators of transcription, including cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12), the major transcription elongation kinase. Here, we use inhibitor- and knockdown-based strategies to show that co-targeting of OGT and CDK12 is toxic to prostate cancer cells. OGT catalyzes all nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAcylation and due to its essentiality in higher eukaryotes, it is not an ideal drug target. Our glycoproteomics-data revealed that short-term CDK12 inhibition induces hyper-O-GlcNAcylation of the spliceosome-machinery in different models of prostate cancer. By integrating our glycoproteomics-, gene essentiality- and clinical-data from CDK12 mutant prostate cancer patients, we identify the non-essential serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) as a synthetic lethal partner with CDK12-inactivation. Both normal and cancer cells become highly sensitive against inhibitors of OGT and SRPK1 if they have lowered activity of CDK12. Inactivating mutations in CDK12 are enriched in aggressive prostate cancer, and we propose that these patients would benefit from therapy targeting the spliceosome.
The nineties in 1990s Britain: long-sighted temporalities at the turn of the millennium
Authors: Geiringer David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chronological categories of periodization such as decades, centuries and millennia are broadly treated with scepticism by historians. This essay reframes the questions we ask of such categories by exploring their contemporary significance for ‘ordinary’ historical actors. It focuses on the curious case of 1990s Britain, a decade that, in comparison to the historiographical advents of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, has been slow to emerge as a distinct trope of periodization. In considering why this might be, the essay looks beyond explanations that focus on the political legacy of Blairism, the stasis of neo-liberal hegemony or the retrospective notion that the decade marked a ‘holiday from history’ – an oasis of consensus, tranquillity and indeed boredom sandwiched between the class and cold wars of the 1980s and a post-9/11 clash of civilizations. Instead, it examines how the nineties were being constructed, contested and wielded in the 1990s themselves. Drawing on materials generated by the sociological organization the Mass Observation Project (M.O.P.), narratives of past, present and future co-produced by ‘ordinary’ observers and the authors of the M.O.P. directives, the article traces the shifting constellation of decadal temporalities that circulated during the nineties. As the decade drew to a close, the spectre of the millennium encouraged a lengthening of imagined temporal trajectories: eyes were cast beyond the immediately surrounding years to the larger terrain of the century and even the millennium. These long-sighted temporalities obscured the nineties as a category of historical significance, shaping the source base and collective memory of the decade. Ultimately, a study of the temporal regimes operating in 1990s Britain reveals the cultural power and emotional stickiness of seemingly arbitrary chronological markers.
Modelling the influence of vitamin D and probiotic supplementation on the microbiome and immune response
Authors: Franks S J , Dunster J L , Carding S R , Lord J M , Hewison M , Calder P C , King J R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The intestinal microbiota play a critical role in human health and disease, maintaining metabolic and immune/inflammatory health, synthesizing essential vitamins and amino acids and maintaining intestinal barrier integrity. The aim of this paper is to develop a mathematical model to describe the complex interactions between the microbiota, vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VDR) pathway, epithelial barrier and immune response in order to understand better the effects of supplementation with probiotics and vitamin D. This is motivated by emerging data indicating the beneficial effects of vitamin D and probiotics individually and when combined. We propose a system of ordinary differential equations determining the time evolution of intestinal bacterial populations, concentration of the VDR:1,25(OH)$_{2}$D complex in epithelial and immune cells, the epithelial barrier and the immune response. The model shows that administration of probiotics and/or vitamin D upregulates the VDR complex, which enhances barrier function and protects against intestinal inflammation. The model also suggests co-supplementation to be superior to individual supplements. We explore the effects of inflammation on the populations of commensal and pathogenic bacteria and the vitamin D/VDR pathway and discuss the value of gathering additional experimental data motivated by the modelling insights.
Machine learning for adverse event prediction in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a scoping review
Authors: Challener Douglas W , Fida Madiha , Martin Peter , Rivera Christina G , Virk Abinash , Walker Lorne W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to conduct a scoping review of machine learning (ML) techniques in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) for predicting adverse outcomes and to evaluate their validation, implementation and potential barriers to adoption.

Materials and methods
This scoping review included studies applying ML algorithms to adult OPAT patients, covering techniques from logistic regression to neural networks. Outcomes considered were medication intolerance, toxicity, catheter complications, hospital readmission and patient deterioration. A comprehensive search was conducted across databases including Cochrane Central, Cochrane Reviews, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE and Scopus, from 1 January 2000 to 1 January 2024.

Results
Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, with the majority being single-centre experiences primarily from North America. Most studies focused on developing new ML models to predict outcomes such as hospital readmissions and medication-related complications. However, there was very little reporting on the performance characteristics of these models, such as specificity, sensitivity and C-statistics. There was a lack of multi-centre or cross-centre validation, limiting generalizability. Few studies advanced beyond traditional logistic regression models, and integration into clinical practice remains limited.

Discussion
ML shows promise for enhancing OPAT outcomes by predicting adverse events and enabling pre-emptive interventions. Despite this potential, significant gaps exist in development, validation and practical implementation. Barriers include the need for representative data sets and broadly applicable, validated models.

Conclusion
Future research should address these barriers to fully leverage ML’s potential in optimizing OPAT care and patient safety. Models must deliver timely, accurate and actionable insights to improve adverse event prediction and prevention in OPAT settings.
Advances in the clinical treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens using polymyxins
Authors: Huang Yizhen , Liao Mingrui , Hu Xuzhi , Hu Honghua , Gong Haoning 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Polymyxins are a vital class of antibiotics used to combat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, their use is limited due to potential nephrotoxicity and the availability of alternative antibiotics. This review aims to examine the properties of polymyxins and the clinical advances in their use for treating infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB).

Methods
This review analyses literature on polymyxin properties and various clinical approaches, including intravenous drip infusion, nebulized or dry powder inhalation, and ointment application. Treatment efficacy in terms of bacterial eradication, cure rate and mortality rate are reviewed and evaluated.

Results
Polymyxins have been reintroduced to treat critical infections due to the increasing prevalence of CR-GNB. Clinical trials and studies have confirmed that polymyxins can effectively treat CR-GNB infections when the formulation and administration are appropriate, with acceptable levels of nephrotoxicity.

Conclusions
In the future, the development of polymyxin formulations will aim to improve their clinical effectiveness while reducing toxicity and side effects and preventing the emergence of polymyxin-resistant strains. Enhanced efficacy and minimized potential side effects can be achieved by developing new polymyxin-delivery systems that provide a smart and controlled release or customized patient administration.
The antimicrobial peptide Microcin C7 inhibits the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and improves the periodontal status in a rat model
Authors: Liu Na , Zhang Qianqian , Li Jinyang , Zhou Shuo , Miao Di , Zhang Sijia , Chen Yue 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of the antimicrobial peptide Microcin C7 for Porphyromonas gingivalis-associated diseases.

Methods and results
Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that Microcin C7 could remain 25.5% at 12 h in saliva. At a concentration of &lt;10 mg ml–1, Microcin C7 showed better cytocompatibility, as revealed by a hemolysis test and a subchronic systemic toxicity test. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of Microcin C7 were analyzed using a broth microdilution method, bacterial growth curve, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser microscopy and determined to be 0.16 and 5 mg ml–1, respectively. Finally, in a rat model, 5 mg ml–1 Microcin C7 showed better performance in decreasing the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and alveolar bone resorption than other concentrations.

Conclusions
Microcin C7 demonstrated favorable biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and anti-inflammatory effect, and could decrease the alveolar bone resorption in a rat model, indicating the promising potential for clinical translation and application on P. gingivalis-associated diseases.