bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artery Grafting for Arterial Anastomoses in Head and Neck Free Tissue Transfer Reconstruction
Authors: Mastrolonardo Eric V. , Llerena Pablo , Amin Dev R. , De Ravin Emma , Nunes Kathryn , Bridgham Kelly M. , Campbell Daniel J. , Philips Ramez , Sridharan Shaum , Bur Andrés , Heffelfinger Ryan , Wax Mark K. , Curry Joseph M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundVessel grafting is an important technique in head and neck free tissue transfer (FTT) reconstruction when a tension‐free anastomosis is not otherwise feasible. To our knowledge, there are limited data regarding interposition artery grafts for arterial anastomoses in head and neck reconstruction. Here, we present a multi‐institutional cohort of arterial interposition grafts for FTT reconstruction for head and neck defects.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted at four tertiary care institutions for patients who underwent FTT reconstruction for head and neck defects which utilized an interposition artery graft for the arterial anastomosis. Charts were reviewed for type and length of artery grafts harvested, surgical indication, indication for artery graft, types of flaps harvested, and various preoperative characteristics (including history of radiation or previous FTT reconstruction surgery). Postoperative complications within postoperative day 30 were measured and reported.ResultsNine patients met inclusion criteria. The lateral circumflex femoral artery (either transverse or descending branches) (n = 3) and facial artery (n = 3) were the most commonly harvested arteries. The scalp (n = 5) was the most common primary defect site. Seven grafts were harvested initially and in a planned fashion, while two were harvested as salvage techniques (either for flap salvage or vein graft failure). In planned grafts, arteries were the preferred interposition grafting method due to either size match preferences (n = 4) or similarities in wall thickness (n = 3) between graft and recipient artery. There were no reported cases of unplanned readmission, postoperative hematoma, fistula formation, wound infection, or donor site morbidities. Two patients required unplanned return to the operating room for flap compromise, both of which ultimately resulted in flap failure secondary to clot formation at both arterial and venous anastomoses.ConclusionsWhen arterial pedicle length is insufficient, interposition artery grafting is both a feasible and viable technique to achieve tension‐free arterial anastomoses for select cases of highly complex head and neck free tissue reconstruction.
Accelerated model‐based T1, T2* and proton density mapping using a Bayesian approach with automatic hyperparameter estimation
Authors: Huang Shuai , Lah James J. , Allen Jason W. , Qiu Deqiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo achieve automatic hyperparameter estimation for the model‐based recovery of quantitative MR maps from undersampled data, we propose a Bayesian formulation that incorporates the signal model and sparse priors among multiple image contrasts.TheoryWe introduce a novel approximate message passing framework “AMP‐PE” that enables the automatic and simultaneous recovery of hyperparameters and quantitative maps.MethodsWe employed the variable‐flip‐angle method to acquire multi‐echo measurements using gradient echo sequence. We explored undersampling schemes to incorporate complementary sampling patterns across different flip angles and echo times. We further compared AMP‐PE with conventional compressed sensing approaches such as the ‐norm minimization, PICS and other model‐based approaches such as GraSP, MOBA.ResultsCompared to conventional compressed sensing approaches such as the ‐norm minimization and PICS, AMP‐PE achieved superior reconstruction performance with lower errors in mapping and comparable performance in and proton density mappings. When compared to other model‐based approaches including GraSP and MOBA, AMP‐PE exhibited greater robustness and outperformed GraSP in reconstruction error. AMP‐PE offers faster speed than MOBA. AMP‐PE performed better than MOBA at higher sampling rates and worse than MOBA at a lower sampling rate. Notably, AMP‐PE eliminates the need for hyperparameter tuning, which is a requisite for all the other approaches.ConclusionAMP‐PE offers the benefits of model‐based recovery with the additional key advantage of automatic hyperparameter estimation. It works adeptly in situations where ground‐truth is difficult to obtain and in clinical environments where it is desirable to automatically adapt hyperparameters to individual protocol, scanner and patient.
Evaluation and management of dyspnea as the dominant presenting feature in neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Mamarabadi Mansoureh , Mauney Sarah , Li Yuebing , Aboussouan Loutfi S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDyspnea is a common symptom in neuromuscular disorders and, although multifactorial, it is usually due to respiratory muscle involvement, associated musculoskeletal changes such as scoliosis or, in certain neuromuscular conditions, cardiomyopathy. Clinical history can elicit symptoms such as orthopnea, trepopnea, sleep disruption, dysphagia, weak cough, and difficulty with secretion clearance. The examination is essential to assist with the diagnosis of an underlying neurologic disorder and determine whether dyspnea is from a cardiac or pulmonary origin. Specific attention should be given to possible muscle loss, use of accessory muscles of breathing, difficulty with neck flexion/extension, presence of thoraco‐abdominal paradox, conversational dyspnea, cardiac examination, and should include a detailed neurological examination directed at the suspected differential diagnosis. Pulmonary function testing including sitting and supine spirometry, measures of inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength, cough peak flow, sniff nasal inspiratory pressure, pulse oximetry, transcutaneous CO2, and arterial blood gases will help determine the extent of the respiratory muscle involvement, assess for hypercapnic or hypoxemic respiratory failure, and qualify the patient for noninvasive ventilation when appropriate. Additional testing includes dynamic imaging with sniff fluoroscopy or diaphragm ultrasound, and diaphragm electromyography. Polysomnography is indicated for sleep related symptoms that are not otherwise explained. Noninvasive ventilation alleviates dyspnea and nocturnal symptoms, improves quality of life, and prolongs survival. Therapy targeted at neuromuscular disorders may help control the disease or favorably modify its course. For patients who have difficulty with secretion clearance, support of expiratory function with mechanical insufflation‐exsufflation, oscillatory devices can reduce the aspiration risk.
Assessing hepatitis B virus serologies when transitioning patients from intravenous immune globulin therapy to rituximab for the treatment of autoimmune neuromuscular diseases
Authors: Hahn Nicole M. , Katzin Lara W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsIntravenous immune globulin (IVIG) has been used as early treatment for autoimmune neuromuscular diseases, but due to cost and frequency, may be switched to rituximab. Rituximab and other B‐cell‐depleting medications require screening of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serologies given the risk of HBV reactivation (HBVr). We aimed to describe the incidence and characteristics of passively transferred antiviral serologies from IVIG and how to differentiate between passive antibody transfer and resolved HBV infection.MethodsThis was a single‐center descriptive study of neurology patients prescribed rituximab and IVIG. Retrospective medical record reviews were performed and patient‐specific variables were collected.ResultsTwelve patients had reactive anti‐HBc results after starting IVIG, but only 9 were confirmed to have reactive anti‐HBc from passive transfer. Whether reactive anti‐HBc in the remaining three patients was from passive IVIG transfer could not be confirmed. Five patients with reactive anti‐HBc results during rituximab screening did not have pre‐IVIG anti‐HBc results for comparison and were started on antiviral prophylaxis. Reactive anti‐HBc serologies changed to nonreactive after IVIG discontinuation 44–321 days after the last IVIG infusion.DiscussionThis study confirms IVIG can passively transfer anti‐HBc serologies in a neurologic cohort. Ideally, HBV serologies would be checked before starting IVIG to help later determine if passive transfer occurred. With the increasing use of B‐cell‐depleting medications for neuromuscular conditions, it is important for providers to be knowledgeable on the interpretation of HBV serologies for patients on IVIG and to ensure implementation of an HBVr prophylaxis management strategy for patients when appropriate.
Study on Mode I interlaminar fracture behavior of automated fiber placement in situ consolidation thermoplastic composite considering the influence of roller compaction pressure
Authors: Liu Chen , He Chen , Zou Zhongfeng , Li Yong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study delved into the Mode I fracture behavior of laser‐assisted automated fiber placement (AFP) in situ consolidated thermoplastic composite laminates under different curing pressures. In compliance with ASTM D5528 standards, T700 carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (T700‐CF/PEEK) double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens were fabricated and segregated into three test groups subjected to distinct roller pressures: DCB‐100N, DCB‐500N, and DCB‐1500N. The fracture toughness of these specimens was then inversely characterized by employing an optimized ASTM‐based data reduction methodology. A kind of tri‐linear cohesive zone model (CZM) incorporating the fracture process zone (FPZ) length was developed to simulate delamination behavior, showing good agreement between experimental results and simulation predictions. Compared with the other two test groups, DCB‐1500N specimens have more inter‐laminar bridging fibers and higher propagated toughness. Although the length of fiber bridging area is shorter, the fiber bridging density is higher, so the influence of fiber bridging on toughness is more pronounced in the DCB‐1500N specimens. This study provides theoretical guidance for the impact resistance design of thermoplastic composites (TPCs), offering valuable insights into the intrinsic relationship between material processing and fracture damage mechanisms.Highlights
Explore the characteristic interlaminar fracture behavior of thermoplastic laminates made by AFP under different curing pressures.
Develop a more accurate tri‐linear CZM model to describe the plastic deformation at crack tips and fiber bridging during the delamination process.
Unveil the intrinsic relationship between AFP curing pressure and ductile fracture mechanism of thermoplastic composites.
An explainable artificial intelligence‐based approach for reliable damage detection in polymer composite structures using deep learning
Authors: Azad Muhammad Muzammil , Kim Heung Soo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) techniques are increasingly used for structural health monitoring (SHM) of polymer composite structures. However, to be confident in the trustworthiness of AI models, the models must be reliable, interpretable, and explainable. The use of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is critical to ensure that the AI model is transparent in the decision‐making process and that the predictions it provides can be trusted and understood by users. However, existing SHM methods for polymer composite structures lack explainability and transparency, and therefore reliable damage detection. Therefore, an interpretable deep learning model based on an explainable vision transformer (X‐ViT) is proposed for the SHM of composites, leading to improved repair planning, maintenance, and performance. The proposed approach has been validated on carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) composites with multiple health states. The X‐ViT model exhibited better damage detection performance compared to existing popular methods. Moreover, the X‐ViT approach effectively highlighted the area of interest related to the prediction of each health condition in composites through the patch attention aggregation process, emphasizing their influence on the decision‐making process. Consequently, integrating the ViT‐based explainable deep‐learning model into the SHM of polymer composites provided improved diagnostics along with increased transparency and reliability.Highlights
Autonomous damage detection of polymer composites using vision transformer based deep learning model.
Explainable artificial intelligence by highlighting region of interest using patch attention.
Comparison with the existing state of the art structural health monitoring methods.
Understanding the impact of different nanofillers on electrical, thermal, and surface properties of corona‐aged silicone rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Kavitha N. , Manoj Dhivakar J. , Bhavani N. P. G. , Sarathi Ramanujam , Kornhuber Stefan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the present work, the impact of corona aging on the dielectric, thermal, and surface properties of silicone rubber filled with different nanofillers such as alumina (Al2O3), aluminum trihydrate (ATH), boron nitride (BN), and titania (TiO2) are studied. The surface degradation of the silicone rubber nanocomposites after corona aging is evaluated through contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies, and by water droplet‐initiated corona inception voltage studies. Alumina filled silicone rubber shows less reduction in surface and hydrophobic properties after corona aging. Water droplet initiated corona inception voltage (CIV) under negative DC voltage is much higher than under positive DC and AC voltages. Al2O3/TiO2‐ filled silicone rubber samples show better CIV performance. The Dielectric Response Spectroscopy (DRS) indicates that TiO2 filled silicone rubber insulating material possesses higher permittivity at lower frequencies. Boron nitride added composites have high thermal conductivity whereas ATH filled silicone rubber composites shows higher decay rate, as observed through laser‐induced thermography studies. A significantly high surface leakage current is observed in all samples after corona aging. The Space Charge Limited Current (SCLC) studies clearly indicate that inclusion of nano‐fillers resulted in an increase in crossover voltage and trap density values compared to base silicone rubber.Highlights
Al2O3 filled silicone rubber exhibits lower surface roughness even after corona aging.
High thermal conductive composites show better performance even after corona aging.
ATH, and BN filled silicone rubber have improved thermal conductivity by 35.2% and 76.3%.
TiO2 filler added silicone rubber exhibits high permittivity with low tan δ.
Al2O3 filled silicone rubber has minimal surface and volume leakage current
Crossover voltage and the trap density get enhanced on addition of fillers to the base polymer.
Family communication and bi‐dimensional student mental health in adolescents: A serial mediation through digital game addiction and school belongingness
Authors: Deniz M. Engin , Kurtulus Hacer Yildirim , Kaya Yagmur 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe presence of communication within the family can be considered as a protective factor in preventing the development of mental health problems in school by acting as a buffer against mental health problems in adolescents. Thus, this study, which was designed to reveal the potential mechanisms between family communication and bi‐dimensional student mental health (psychological well‐being/distress) in Turkish adolescents, examined the serial mediator role of digital game addiction and school belongingness. The study sample consists of a total of 397 volunteering Turkish adolescents, including 206 girls (51.9%) and 191 boys (48.1%). The participants' ages range from 14 to 17 (M = 14.63 years, SD = 0.60). In this study, a cross‐sectional and explanatory design based on structural equation modeling was used. The main findings of the study are as follows: (1) digital game addiction mediated the relationship between family communication and psychological well‐being/distress, (2) school belongingness mediated the relationship between family communication and psychological well‐being/distress, and (3) the relationship between family communication and psychological well‐being/distress was serially mediated by both digital game addiction and school belongingness.
The new biologic drugs: Which children with asthma should get what?
Authors: Hillson K. , Saglani S. , Bush A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNovel biologics (targeted antibody therapies) have revolutionized the management of severe childhood asthma. However, it is important that the right biologic is selected for the right patient, and understanding the evidence base for each biologic is crucial. Currently, four biologics (all monoclonal antibodies) are licensed in the UK for the treatment of children with severe asthma ‐ omalizumab (Xolair), mepolizumab (Nucala), and dupilumab (Dupixent) in children aged 6 years and over; and tezepelumab (Tezspire), only in children aged 12 years and over. Tezepelumab is the only licensed biological that may be beneficial in severe asthma without evidence of Type 2 inflammation. All have a good safety profile but varying degrees of clinical efficacy in children, with wide variation in treatment responsiveness between individual patients. When selecting biologics for severe asthma, it is essential to remember the limitations of the current pediatric evidence. At present, there are no results from randomized, head‐to‐head trials of biologics in severe asthma. TREAT is an ongoing trial comparing omalizumab to mepolizumab and will be one of the first to provide such evidence. We must be especially aware of the dangers of extrapolating data from adults to children, because the pathophysiology and role of biomarkers may differ significantly from adult asthma. Given the current level of knowledge, even after treatment has been initiated, children should be regularly reviewed to determine the efficacy of treatment, side‐effect profile and consideration of when treatment with the biologic should be discontinued.
Evaluating the quality of multiple‐choice question pilot database: A global educator‐created tool for concept‐based pharmacology learning
Authors: Netere Adeladlew Kassie , Hughes Tony , Babey Anna‐Marie , Hawes Martin , Mifsud Janet , Kelly John P. , Liang Willmann , Hernandez Mark , Karpa Kelly , Al‐Sallami Hesham , Fernandes Lynette B. , Aronsson Patrik , Restini Carolina , Caetano Crowley Fabiana , Djouma Elvan , Hinton Tina , Liu Johnson J. , Mraiche Fatima , White Paul J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Core Concepts of Pharmacology (CCP) initiative is developing educational resources to transform pharmacology education into a concept‐based approach. This study evaluated the quality of global educator‐created MCQs in generating items for the pharmacology concept inventory (PCI) instrument and developed as a resource for learning pharmacology fundamental concepts. A panel of 22 global pharmacology experts recruited from the CCP initiative research team participated in the MCQ pilot database design and evaluation. The quality analysis framework of the MCQs in the pilot database included four assessment tools: item writing guidelines (IWGs), Bloom's taxonomy, the CCP, and the MCQ design format. A two‐phase evaluation process was involved, including inter‐rater agreement on item quality, followed by resolving conflicts that occurred in quality assessment. The chi‐square (χ2) test of independence and Cramer's V correlation tests were utilized to measure the relationship among quality assessment attributes. About 200 MCQs were gathered and 98% underwent expert evaluation. Nearly 80% addressed one or more CCP, with 52% designed using a context‐dependent format. However, only 40% addressed higher levels of Bloom's cognitive domain and 10% adhered to all IWGs. A strong positive correlation was observed between the context‐based item format and its effectiveness in assessing the higher cognitive domain, the main CCP and improved IWGs adherence. Context‐based item construction can assess the higher cognitive skills and fundamental pharmacology concepts, showing potential for rigorous PCI development. The pilot database will store items to create the PCI, aiding the development of a concept‐based pharmacology curriculum.
Adaptive fast terminal sliding mode control of robotic manipulators based on joint torque estimation and friction compensation
Authors: Hu Shunjing , Wan Yi , Liang Xichang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this work, an adaptive fast terminal sliding mode control (AFSMC) approach based on joint torque estimation and friction compensation is proposed to enhance the trajectory tracking accuracy of robotic manipulators under variable load conditions. The joint torque estimation utilizes an improved harmonic drive compliance model and adaptive low‐pass filtering, and friction compensation employs a hybrid model accounting for velocity and load torque effects. These compensations reduce the upper bound of the uncertainty, while AFSMC further reduces dependency on upper uncertainty bounds and minimizes the chattering. The stability analysis using the Lyapunov method confirms the effectiveness of this approach. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed controller achieves smaller root mean square and maximum error of trajectory tracking, thus significantly improving trajectory tracking accuracy under variable load conditions.
The association between leisure‐time physical activity and cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness and job strain—Study with a Northern Finland birth cohort of 1966
Authors: Kiema‐Junes Heli , Saarinen Aino , Korpelainen Raija , Ala‐Mursula Leena , Niemelä Maisa , Farrahi Vahid , Hintsanen Mirka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractJob strain is a major concern in the workplace. Work‐related stress is an increasing challenge worldwide as it is the leading cause of long‐term sickness absences, disability pensions and lower productivity. Rarely studied simultaneously, both leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) and physical fitness (PF), which comprises cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF), may have potential in preventing and managing job strain. The current study aimed to investigate whether LTPA, CRF and MF predict perceived job strain. In addition, the study examines reverse associations, that is, whether job strain predicts LTPA, CRF and MF. We used longitudinal population‐based data from a Northern Finland birth cohort of 1966 (n = 5363) to analyse LTPA, CRF and MF as well as job strain and its components, job demands and job control, at age 31 years (1997) and 46 years (2012). Leisure‐time physical activity was measured with a self‐reported questionnaire whereas CRF and MF were measured as part of clinical examination. Linear regression analyses were used to analyse the data. In both men (n = 2548) and women (n = 2815), higher baseline MF predicted lower job strain and job demands 15 years later. In women, higher baseline total LTPA predicted higher job demands, whereas in men, higher CRF predicted lower job strain and higher job control. These associations remained significant, also when adjusted for education and occupational status. In the analyses on reverse associations, higher job control and higher job demands were linked to higher leisure‐time moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total LTPA 15 years later among both men and women, except for the association between job demands and total LTPA among women. These associations remained significant after adjustment for education and occupational status, except for the association of job control with MVPA and total LTPA among men. The association of higher job demands and total LTPA became significant in women. We conclude that LTPA and PF seem beneficial in preventing and managing job strain.