bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of 60-Day Case Fatality After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: External Validation of a Prediction Model*
Authors: Dijkland Simone A. , Roozenbeek Bob , Brouwer Patrick A. , Lingsma Hester F. , Dippel Diederik W. , Vergouw Leonie J. , Vergouwen Mervyn D. , van der Jagt Mathieu 
Published: March 2016

Objective:
External validation of prognostic models is crucial but rarely done. Our aim was to externally validate a prognostic model to predict 60-day case fatality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage developed from the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial in a retrospective unselected cohort of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.

Design:
The model’s predictors were age, aneurysm size, Fisher grade, and World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade. Two versions of the model were validated: one with World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade scored at admission and the other with World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade at treatment decision. The outcome was 60-day case fatality. Performance of the model was assessed by studying discrimination, expressed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and calibration.

Setting:
University hospital.

Patients:
We analyzed data from 307 consecutive aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients admitted between 2007 and 2011 (validation cohort).

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The observed 60-day case fatality rate was 30.6%. Discrimination was good, and differed between the model with World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade at treatment decision (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.89) and at admission (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.82). Mean predicted probabilities were lower than observed: 17.0% (model with World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade at admission) and 17.7% (model with World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade at treatment decision).

Conclusions:
The model discriminated well between patients who died or survived within 60 days. In addition, we found that using World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade at moment of treatment decision of the ruptured aneurysm improved model performance. However, since predicted probabilities were much lower than observed probabilities, the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial prediction model needs to be adapted to be used in clinical practice.
Association Between Hay Fever and High Myopia in United States Adolescents and Adults
Authors: Shafer Brian M. , Qiu Mary , Rapuano Christopher J. , Shields Carol L. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives:
To investigate the relationship between hay fever and refractive error in a representative sample of adolescents and adults in the United States.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 5,744 participants aged ≥12 years from the 2005 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who participated in the allergy questionnaire, completed objective refraction and keratometry in both eyes, and had immunoglobulin E (IgE) serology. The primary predictor variable, refractive error, was classified as emmetropia (−0.99 to +0.99 diopters [D]), low myopia (−1.00 to −2.99 D), moderate myopia (−3.00 to −5.99 D), high myopia (≥−6.00 D), or hyperopia (≥1.00 D). Covariates included age, gender, race, asthma, eczema, total serum IgE ≥120 kU/L, corneal steepness, and corneal astigmatism. The primary outcome was hay fever.

Results:
The study population's mean age was 41.7 years; 48.8% of subjects were men and 51.2% were women. The prevalence of hay fever was 12.1% overall. High myopes had 2.7 times higher odds of hay fever compared to emmetropes (OR 2.67, CI, 1.57–4.51, P=0.001), which was independent of demographics, atopic conditions, IgE serology, and keratometry measurements.

Conclusions:
The association between hay fever and high myopia identified in this large cross-sectional study remains speculative and was not mediated through corneal steepness or corneal astigmatism. Further prospective studies may help elucidate the directionality of the association between hay fever and high myopia.
Organizational Silence Among Nurses: The Impact on Organizational Cynicism and Intention to Leave Work
Authors: Çaylak Esra , Altuntaş Serap 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
In recent years, organizational silence and organizational cynicism, factors that have been shown to inhibit the improvement of organizations, have been highlighted in the health sector. Nearly every aspect of these two issues has been studied.

Purpose:
This research was conducted to identify the relationship between the organizational silence, organizational cynicism, and intention to leave work of nurses.

Methods:
This descriptive and correlational study was carried out in August and September 2013 with 323 nurses at a university hospital in Ankara. A questionnaire that includes a personal information form, the Organizational Silence Scale, the Organizational Cynicism Scale, and a question about intention to leave work was used. Ethics committee approval and institutional permissions were obtained. A statistician analyzed the data.

Results:
The present research found administrative and organizational reasons to be the most important reason why participants remain silent (M = 35.4 ± 13.1), with the tendency not to speak up about ethics and responsibility issues the second most important reason (M = 17.3 ± 6.5). The organizational cynicism of participants is at an intermediate level (M = 36.4 ± 9.6) and may be characterized as cognitive (M = 14.6 ± 4.3). Approximately half of the participants had never considered leaving work. For the participants in this study, organizational silence particularly influences organizational cynicism. The reasons for organizational silence in conjunction with organizational cynicism increase intent to leave work (R = .395, R
2 = .156, p < .001).

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
This study found that the reasons for organizational silence and organizational cynicism influence the intention of nurses to leave work. The reasons that lead nurses to become silent, to experience cynicism, and to leave work in healthcare environments should be identified. Programs and activities to replace negative ideas with positive ideas should be implemented.
Depression and Its Associated Factors Among Rural Diabetic Residents
Authors: Lee Chia-Mou , Chang Chyong-Fang , Pan Mei-Yu , Hsu Tsui-Hua , Chen Mei-Yen 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
Type 2 diabetes is a huge burden both for individuals and society as a whole. Although depression has been negatively associated with ideal glycemic control, little is known about the prevalence of depression or its associated factors among rural Taiwanese adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type2 DM).

Purpose:
The purposes of this study were to investigate the prevalence of depression in rural-dwelling sufferers of type2 DM and to highlight the relationships between their depression status and health promoting behaviors such as physical activity, keeping active in life, sleep sufficiency, and adopting a diabetic diet.

Methods:
A cross-sectional, correlational design was used to recruit 696 participants from local healthcare centers in rural areas of Chiayi County, Taiwan. Data were collected from March 30, 2010, to August 30, 2012. The Chinese version of the Geriatric Depression Scale and its associated physiological biomarkers were used as screening tools. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors that were associated with depression status.

Results:
The prevalence of depression in this study was 16.8%. Factors found to be associated with depression included being female, having a low level of education, receiving reduced family support, having little physical activity, failing to follow a diabetic diet, frequent inactivity, and having insufficient sleep. There were no significant differences in the physiological indicators between the depressive and nondepressive groups. After controlling for confounding factors, a logistic regression model showed that depression status was associated with a lack of sleep (OR = 2.85, p < .001), less frequent exercise (OR = 2.67, p < .001), and frequent inactivity (OR = 2.35, p = .001).

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
This study showed that the prevalence of depression among adults with type2 DM living in rural areas is relatively high. From the perspective of health promotion, future research should focus on how to improve quality of sleep by enhancing daily physical activity and on investigating the effect of promoting a more active lifestyle among those at risk on depression.
Prehospital management and outcome of avalanche patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a retrospective study in Tyrol, Austria
Authors: Strapazzon Giacomo , Plankensteiner Judith , Mair Peter , Ruttmann Elfriede , Dal Cappello Tomas , Procter Emily , Brugger Hermann 
Published: March 2016

Aim
The aim of this study is to describe the prehospital management and outcome of avalanche patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Tyrol, Austria, for the first time since the introduction of international guidelines in 1996.

Patients and methods
This study involved a retrospective analysis of all avalanche accidents involving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between 1996 and 2009 in Tyrol, Austria.

Results
A total of 170 completely buried avalanche patients were included. Twenty-eight victims were declared dead at the scene. Of 34 patients with short burial, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed in 27 (79%); 15 of these patients (56%) were transported to hospital with ongoing CPR and four patients were rewarmed with extracorporeal circulation; no patient survived. Of 108 patients with long burial, 49 patients had patent or unknown airway status; CPR was performed in 25 of these patients (51%) and 14 patients (29%) were transported to hospital. Four patients were rewarmed, but only one patient with witnessed cardiac arrest survived. Since the introduction of guidelines in 1996, there has been a marginally significant increase in the rate of documenting airway assessment, but no change in documenting the duration of burial or CPR.

Conclusion
CPR is continued to hospital admission in patients with short burial and asphyxial cardiac arrest, but withheld or terminated at the scene in patients with long burial and possible hypothermic cardiac arrest. Insufficient transfer of information from the accident site to the hospital may partially explain the poor outcome of avalanche victims with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated with emergency cardiac care.
Gut Microbiota Differences in Children From Distinct Socioeconomic Levels Living in the Same Urban Area in Brazil
Authors: Mello Carolina S. , Carmo‐Rodrigues Mirian S. , Filho Humberto B.A. , Melli Lígia C.F.L. , Tahan Soraia , Pignatari Antônio C.C. , de Morais Mauro B. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTObjective:To compare gut microbiota in impoverished children versus children of high socioeconomic status living in the same urban area in Brazil.Methods:A cross‐sectional study was conducted to evaluate 100 children living in a slum and 30 children from a private school, ages between 5 and 11 years old, in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. To characterize the groups, data based on socioeconomic status, sanitation, and housing conditions were collected. Anthropometric measurements and neonatal data were obtained from both groups. Gut microbiota were quantified in fecal samples by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results:The children in the private school group had higher rates of cesarean delivery and premature birth than the children in the slum group. Staphylococcus aureus (90% vs 48.0%) and Clostridium difficile (100% vs 43.0%) were more commonly found in the children from the private school than in the impoverished children (P < 0.0001). C perfringens was most frequently identified in the group of children from the slum (92.0% vs 80%; P = 0.064). Higher counts of total eubacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla organisms, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus spp., and Methanobrevibacter smithii were found in the children living in poverty, whereas higher counts of Salmonella spp., C difficile, and C perfringens were observed in the children living in satisfactory housing conditions (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Important differences were observed between the gut microbiota of children living under distinct socioeconomic and environmental conditions within the same city. Our findings suggest that children of high socioeconomic status have less favorable gut microbiota than do children who live in poverty.
Perinatal Microbiomes’ Influence on Preterm Birth and Preterms’ Health
Authors: Ruiz Lorena , Moles Laura , Gueimonde Miguel , Rodriguez Juan M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTMicrobial communities inhabiting the human host play important roles in maintaining health status, including reproduction and early life programming, which is particularly important in the context of preterm neonates’ health. Preterm birth (PTB) is often the result of a microbial dysbiosis or infection. In addition, preterm neonates experience different levels of organ immaturity and an abnormal gut microbiota establishment, as compared to full‐term neonates. This exacerbates their developmental problems and can have negative consequences at systemic level. In addition, preterm babies are commonly exposed to delayed enteral feeding and hospital environments, which increases the risk of short‐ and long‐term health problems. Some of these clinical conditions, such as necrotizing enterocolitis or sepsis, may be life threatening, whereas others may translate into life‐long conditions, including cognitive problems. Increasing scientific interest has focused on understanding developmental problems in preterm neonates related to abnormalities in the settlement of their microbial communities, with the final goal of selecting appropriate microbiome‐targeted strategies (eg, probiotics), to reduce preterm health risks and improve overall quality of life.This review aims to summarize current knowledge on microbiological factors influencing PTB initiation and gastrointestinal development, and on the health consequences to the preterm neonate. Scientific evidences on dietary strategies reducing PTB incidence and minimizing sequelae in this particularly sensitive human group subpopulation are also discussed.
Epidemiology of the Critically Ill Child in the Resuscitation Bay
Authors: Chavez Hector , Garcia Carmen Teresa , Sakers Cathy , Darko Richmond , Hannan Jean 
Published: March 2016

Background
Children account for approximately 33 million annual emergency department (ED) visits in the United States. The spectrum and frequency of children with a critical illness presenting to an ED has not been previously analyzed.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the range of critical illness presenting to a tertiary Children's Hospital ED.

Methods
This study was a retrospective chart review of all pediatric patients requiring immediate care in the medical resuscitation bay during a 25-month period from August 2005 to September 2007. Data are from a single center, academic, tertiary care pediatric hospital. A log of all patients requiring immediate care is kept in the medical resuscitation bay. Patients recorded in the log for a period of 25 consecutive months were reviewed for type of critical illness, frequency of critical illness, mode of arrival, and outcome. Trauma patients were excluded.

Results
There were approximately 45,000 pediatric visits per year with a total of 87,766 patients seen during the study period. There were 249 pediatric patients who required care in the medical resuscitation bay during the reviewed period. Complete data were obtained from 242 subjects' charts. Patients requiring immediate care accounted for 0.28% of all the visits.

Conclusions
This study documents the infrequent need for pediatric critical care in the ED of a nonacademic tertiary children's hospital in the United States and reinforces the need to provide protocols, mock codes, and simulation labs in preparation for critically ill children.
Analyzing Regional Differences over a 15-Year Trend of One-Stage versus Two-Stage Breast Reconstruction in 941,191 Postmastectomy Patients
Authors: Kamali Parisa , Koolen Pieter G. L. , Ibrahim Ahmed M. S. , Paul Marek A. , Dikmans Rieky E. , Schermerhorn Marc L. , Lee Bernard T. , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: March 2016

Background:
Implant-based reconstruction is the predominant form of breast reconstruction, with the two-stage tissue expander/implant approach being the most popular. Recently, the direct-to-implant, one-stage breast reconstruction procedure has gained momentum. In this study, national and regional trends across the United States for the two different types of implant-based reconstructions were evaluated.

Methods:
The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to extrapolate data on type of mastectomy, implant-based reconstructive technique (one-stage or two-stage), and sociodemographic and hospital variables. Differences were assessed using the chi-square test, impact of variables on reconstructive method was analyzed using logistic regression, and trends were analyzed using the Cochrane-Armitage test.

Results:
Between 1998 and 2012, a total of 1,444,587 patients treated for breast cancer or at increased risk of breast cancer met the defined selection criteria. Of these, 194,377 patients underwent implant-based breast reconstruction (13.6 percent one-stage and 86.4 percent two-stage). In both, there was a significant increase in procedures performed over time (p < 0.001). The highest increase in both was seen in the Northeast region of the United States, and the lowest increase was seen in the South. When stratified into regions, analysis showed differences in socioeconomic and hospital characteristics within the different regions.

Conclusions:
There is an observed increase in the number of one-stage and two-stage breast reconstructions being performed. Sociodemographic and hospital factors of influence vary in the different regions of the United States. This study provides important information for clinicians and policy makers who seek to ensure equitable and appropriate access for patient to the different types of implant-based procedures.
Breast Involvement in Pure Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman Disease
Authors: Ciurea Anca , Ciortea Cristiana , Cosarca Mihaela , Rogojan Liliana 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Rosai-Dorfman disease or sinus histiocytosis of the lymph nodes is a rare, idiopathic, and benign disorder. Painless lymphadenopathy is the most frequent systemic presenting symptom and involves the cervical region in up to 90% of the patients. Extranodal involvement is less common and can represent the initial or the only presentation of the disease. We present the ultrasound and sonoelastographic features of a case of extranodal, pure cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease involving the breast, in which the breast involvement led to the final diagnosis. We discuss the ultrasound appearance of the disease (on B-mode, Doppler ultrasound, and sonoelastography) with a review of the literature and the different morphological patterns encountered in extranodal and cutaneous involvement.
Structural and Functional View of Polypharmacology
Authors: Moya García Aurelio , Adeyelu Tolulope , Kruger Felix A , Dawson Natalie L. , Lees Jon G. , Overington John P. , Orengo Christine , Ranea Juan A.G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractProtein domains mediate drug-protein interactions and this effect can explain drug polypharmacology. In this study, we associate polypharmacological drugs with CATH functional families, a type of protein domain and we use the network properties of these druggable protein families to analyse their relationships with drug side effects. We found druggable CATH functional families enriched in drug targets, whose relatives are structurally coherent, gather together in the protein functional network occupying central positions, and tend to be free of proteins associated with drug side effects. Our results demonstrate that CATH functional families can be used to identify drug-target interactions, opening a new research direction in target identification.
Differential Canalograms Detect Outflow Changes from Trabecular Micro-Bypass Stents and Ab Interno Trabeculectomy
Authors: Parikh Hardik A. , Loewen Ralitsa T. , Roy Pritha , Schuman Joel S. , Lathrop Kira L. , Loewen Nils A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness, makes the development of safer and more effective treatment more urgent. Recently introduced microincisional glaucoma surgeries that enhance conventional outflow offer a favorable risk profile but can be unpredictable. Two paramount challenges are the lack of an adequate surgical training model for new surgeries and the absence of pre-or intraoperative guidance to sites of reduced flow. To address both, we developed an ex vivo training system and a differential, quantitative canalography method to assess outflow enhancement by trabecular micro-bypass (TMB) implantation or by ab interno trabeculectomy (AIT). TMB resulted in insignificant (p>0.05) outflow increases of 13±5%, 14±8%, 9±3%, and 24±9% in the inferonasal, superonasal, superotemporal, and inferotemporal quadrants. AIT caused a 100±50% (p=0.002), 75±28% (p=0.002), 19±8%, and 40±21% increase in those quadrants. AIT eyes had a 7.5 (p=0.01), 5.7 (p=0.004), 2.3, and 1.8-fold greater outflow enhancement than matching quadrants of paired TMB-implanted eyes. Quantitative canalography demonstrated that TMB, when successful, provided focal outflow enhancements, while AIT achieved a more extensive access to outflow pathways including and beyond the surgical site itself.
NanoSim: nanopore sequence read simulator based on statistical characterization
Authors: Yang Chen , Chu Justin , Warren René L , Birol Inanç 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMotivation:In 2014, Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) announced a new sequencing platform called MinION. The particular features of MinION reads – longer read lengths and single-molecule sequencing in particular – show potential for genome characterization. As of yet, the pre-commercial technology is exclusively available through early-access, and only a few datasets are publically available for testing. Further, no software exists that simulates MinION platform reads with genuine ONT characteristics.Results:In this article, we introduce NanoSim, a fast and scalable read simulator that captures the technology-specific features of ONT data, and allows for adjustments upon improvement of nanopore sequencing technology.