bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Perspectives on Nurse Practitioner Care in Oncology in Canada
Authors: Stahlke Sarah , Rawson Krista , Pituskin Edith 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to add to what is known about patient satisfaction with nurse practitioner (NP) care, from the perspective of breast cancer patients who were followed by an NP.Methods and DesignThis study utilized Interpretive Description, a qualitative method aimed at making sense of the experiential aspects of health care and developing practical knowledge for improved care. Nine patients receiving NP‐led care in an outpatient breast cancer clinic were interviewed about their perspectives on and experiences with NP‐led care. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed.FindingsThe NP role has long been regarded as a way of addressing many contemporary health system problems, although there continue to be barriers to the effective utilization of the role, including public and patient misunderstandings. This study revealed that, despite persistent traditional role understandings about health professionals, the patient participants appreciated the benefits of NP care and were highly satisfied with both the physical care and holistic support they received during the course of their treatment.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceToday's healthcare system is characterized by accessibility issues, unmet patient need, workforce issues, and funding pressures. This research supports and enriches what is known about the benefits and usefulness of NP‐provided care from the viewpoint of those receiving the care. The findings offer guidance to NPs in the clinical setting regarding patient needs and optimal care strategies.
Enhancement of high glucose‐induced PINK1 expression by melatonin stimulates neuronal cell survival: Involvement of MT2/Akt/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Onphachanh Xaykham , Lee Hyun Jik , Lim Jae Ryong , Jung Young Hyun , Kim Jun Sung , Chae Chang Woo , Lee Sei‐Jung , Gabr Amr Ahmed , Han Ho Jae 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHyperglycemia is a representative hallmark and risk factor for diabetes mellitus (DM) and is closely linked to DM‐associated neuronal cell death. Previous investigators reported on a genome‐wide association study and showed relationships between DM and melatonin receptor (MT), highlighting the role of MT signaling by assessing melatonin in DM. However, the role of MT signaling in DM pathogenesis is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of mitophagy regulators in high glucose‐induced neuronal cell death and the effect of melatonin against high glucose‐induced mitophagy regulators in neuronal cells. In our results, high glucose significantly increased PTEN‐induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and LC‐3B expressions; as well it decreased cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 expression and Mitotracker™ fluorescence intensity. Silencing of PINK1 induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential impairment, increased expressions of cleaved caspases, and increased the number of annexin V‐positive cells. In addition, high glucose‐stimulated melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) mRNA and PINK1 expressions were reversed by ROS scavenger N‐acetyl cysteine pretreatment. Upregulation of PINK1 expression in neuronal cells is suppressed by pretreatment with MT2 receptor‐specific inhibitor 4‐P‐PDOT. We further showed melatonin stimulated Akt phosphorylation, which was followed by nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Silencing of PINK1 expression abolished melatonin‐regulated mitochondrial ROS production, cleaved caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 expressions, and the number of annexin V‐positive cells. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the melatonin stimulates PINK1 expression via an MT2/Akt/NF‐κB pathway, and such stimulation is important for the prevention of neuronal cell apoptosis under high glucose conditions.
Production of N2 and N2O from nitrate ingested by sheep
Authors: de Raphélis‐Soissan V. , Nolan J. V. , Godwin I. R. , Newbold J. R. , Eyre B. D. , Erler D. V. , Hegarty R. S. 
Published: June 2017

SummarySupplementing ruminants with nitrate reduces their enteric methane (CH4) emissions; however, the greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation achieved can be partially offset by small emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a more potent GHG. Sheep were dosed intraruminally with 15 to investigate whether dietary is a precursor of N2O and/or di‐nitrogen gas (N2), and to quantify the amounts of recovered as N2O and N2 in gas emissions from sheep adapted or not adapted to dietary . Ruminally cannulated sheep were adapted to a hay diet supplemented with (n = 3; 10 g /kg DM) or urea (n = 3; 5.3 g urea/kg DM). On the day of the experiment all sheep were dosed intraruminally with 15 and quickly moved into gas‐tight chambers to enable recovery of 15N in N2O and N2 to be measured. Measurements of gases accumulating in the chambers were made over 10 successive 50 min periods; this enabled the amount of N2O produced, and the recovery of 15‐N in N2O and N2 to be determined over a total of 10 hr. Only 0.04% of labelled ‐N was recovered as N2O, and this was not dependent (p > .05) on whether or not the animals had been adapted to dietary . Approximatively 3% of 15‐N was recovered as 15N2, which was also not dependent (p > .05) on whether sheep had been adapted to . Because the kinetics of rumen ammonia (NH3) were uncertain, the recovery of 15N from in rumen NH3 could not accurately be quantified, but our results suggest that approximately 76% of dietary was converted to NH3 in the rumen. We conclude that the small amount of recovered in N2 was evidence of denitrification, previously thought not to occur in the rumen.
Ultra‐reduced phases in Apollo 16 regolith: Combined field emission electron probe microanalysis and atom probe tomography of submicron Fe‐Si grains in Apollo 16 sample 61500
Authors: Gopon Phillip , Spicuzza Michael J. , Kelly Thomas F. , Reinhard David , Prosa Ty J. , Fournelle John 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe lunar regolith contains a variety of chemically reduced phases of interest to planetary scientists and the most common, metallic iron, is generally ascribed to space weathering processes (Lucey et al.). Reports of silicon metal and iron silicides, phases indicative of extremely reducing conditions, in lunar samples are rare (Anand et al.; Spicuzza et al.). Additional examples of Fe‐silicides have been identified in a survey of particles from Apollo 16 sample 61501,22. Herein is demonstrated the utility of low keV electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), using the Fe Ll X‐ray line, to analyze these submicron phases, and the necessity of accounting for carbon contamination. We document four Fe‐Si and Si0minerals in lunar regolith return material. The new Fe‐Si samples have a composition close to (Fe,Ni)3Si, whereas those associated with Si0are close to FeSi2and Fe3Si7. Atom probe tomography of (Fe,Ni)3Si shows trace levels of C (60 ppma and nanodomains enriched in C, Ni, P, Cr, and Sr). These reduced minerals require orders of magnitude lower oxygen fugacity and more reducing conditions than required to form Fe0. Documenting the similarities and differences in these samples is important to constrain their formation processes. These phases potentially formed at high temperatures resulting from a meteorite impact. Whether carbon played a role in achieving the lower oxygen fugacities—and there is evidence of nearby carbonaceous chondritic material—it remains to be proven that carbon was the necessary component for the unique existence of these Si0and iron silicide minerals.
Life and death of proteins after protease cleavage: protein degradation by the N‐end rule pathway
Authors: Dissmeyer Nico , Rivas Susana , Graciet Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2017

Contents

Summary
929

I.
Introduction: conservation and diversity of N‐end rule pathways
929

II.
Defensive functions of the N‐end rule pathway in plants
930

III.
Proteases and degradation by the N‐end rule pathway
930

IV.
New proteomics approaches for the identification of N‐end rule substrates
932

V.
Concluding remarks
932

Acknowledgements
934

References
934

SummaryThe N‐end rule relates the stability of a protein to the identity of its N‐terminal residue and some of its modifications. Since its discovery in the 1980s, the repertoire of N‐terminal degradation signals has expanded, leading to a diversity of N‐end rule pathways. Although some of these newly discovered N‐end rule pathways remain largely unexplored in plants, recent discoveries have highlighted roles of N‐end rule‐mediated protein degradation in plant defense against pathogens and in cell proliferation during organ growth. Despite this progress, a bottleneck remains the proteome‐wide identification of N‐end rule substrates due to the prerequisite for endoproteolytic cleavage and technical limitations. Here, we discuss the recent diversification of N‐end rule pathways and their newly discovered functions in plant defenses, stressing the role of proteases. We expect that novel proteomics techniques (N‐terminomics) will be essential for substrate identification. We review these methods, their limitations and future developments.
The first case of domino‐split‐liver transplantation in maple syrup urine disease
Authors: Herden Uta , Li Jun , Fischer Lutz , Brinkert Florian , Blohm Martin , Santer René , Nashan Bjoern , Grabhorn Enke 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe enzymatic defect in MSUD results in accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites of BCAAs. LTX has shown to be a feasible strategy in patients non‐responsive to diet. Because of sufficient enzyme activity in extrahepatic tissues in healthy people, the MSUD liver graft is a suitable domino organ. We present the first case of a technical challenging ex situ split of a MSUD domino organ transplanted into two pediatric recipients. The domino graft donor was a 21‐year‐old female (58 kg) suffering from MSUD with recurrent metabolic decompensation despite strict diet. The organ was allocated to a 14‐year‐old girl (55 kg) with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Due to excellent organ quality and suitable anatomy, a backward split for a girl of 3 months (5 kg) with decompensated liver cirrhosis due to biliary atresia was performed. The postoperative course was without relevant complications, and the three recipients were discharged on postoperative days 28, 29, and 45, respectively, with good organ function. BCAAs in plasma were normal in the two domino graft recipients, and the MSUD patient showed mildly elevated but stable BCAA concentrations despite an unrestricted diet. Split‐domino LTX enabled successful transplantation of three patients of the waiting list with only one deceased donor graft.
Radial oxygen loss by the cushion plant Eriocaulon schimperi prevents methane emissions from an East‐African mountain mire
Authors: Dullo B. W. , Grootjans A. P. , Roelofs J. G. M. , Senbeta A. F. , Fritz C. , Lamers L. P. M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Groundwater‐fed fens are known sources of methane (CH4) emissions to the atmosphere, and these are known to be mediated by the vegetation. In a fen located in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, we assessed the effects of a cushion plant (Eriocaulon schimperi) and a sedge (Carex monostachya) on rhizosphere biogeochemistry.

Methane and CO2 concentrations and pH were measured in pore‐water at different depths in the profile. Redox potentials and NaCl‐extractable element concentrations were analysed in soil samples from sites dominated by either E. schimperii or C. monostachya. Nutrient and element concentration were analysed in plant tissues.

At Carex‐dominated sites, CH4 concentrations increased from 70 μmol·l−1 at a depth of 10 cm to 130 μmol·l−1 at a depth of 100 cm. CH4 concentrations at Eriocaulon‐dominated sites were almost zero (<1 μmol·l−1) to a depth of 100 cm. Simultaneously, soil redox potentials and CO2 concentrations were higher at Eriocaulon‐dominated sites, indicating a low potential for CH4 production and a high potential for CH4 oxidation.

Eriocaulon schimperi displayed a root investment strategy to cope with the harsh environment, similar to the cushion plant Astelia pumila in Patagonian bogs. This strategy is characterised by high root/shoot ratios, high root porosity and density under high redox conditions. Both cushion plant species create an aerobic rhizosphere through radial oxygen loss from deep roots, which strongly reduce CH4 fluxes to the atmosphere.
Theta‐ and delta‐band EEG network dynamics during a novelty oddball task
Authors: Harper Jeremy , Malone Stephen M. , Iacono William G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhile the P3 component during target detection and novelty processing has been widely studied, less is known about its underlying network dynamics. A recent cognitive model suggests that frontal‐parietal and frontal‐temporal interregional connectivity are related to attention/action selection and target‐related memory updating during the P3, respectively, but empirical work testing this model is lacking. Other work suggests the importance of theta‐ and delta‐band connectivity between the medial frontal cortex and distributed cortical regions during attention, stimulus detection, and response selection processes, and similar dynamics may underlie P3‐related network connectivity. The present study evaluated the functional connectivity elicited during a visual task, which combined oddball target and novelty stimuli, in a sample of 231 same‐sex twins. It was hypothesized that both target and novel conditions would involve theta frontoparietal connectivity and medial frontal theta power, but that target stimuli would elicit the strongest frontotemporal connectivity. EEG time‐frequency analysis revealed greater theta‐band frontoparietal connectivity and medial frontal power during both target and novel conditions compared to standards, which may index conflict/uncertainty resolution processes. Theta‐band frontotemporal connectivity was maximal during the target condition, potentially reflecting context updating or stimulus‐response activation. Delta‐band frontocentral‐parietal connectivity was also strongest following targets, which may be sensitive to response‐related demands. These results suggest the existence of functional networks related to P3 that are differentially engaged by target oddballs and novel distractors. Compared to simple P3 amplitude, network measures may provide a more nuanced view of the neural dynamics during target detection/novelty processing in normative and pathological populations.
Geographic Hotspots of Critical National Infrastructure
Authors: Thacker Scott , Barr Stuart , Pant Raghav , Hall Jim W. , Alderson David 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFailure of critical national infrastructures can result in major disruptions to society and the economy. Understanding the criticality of individual assets and the geographic areas in which they are located is essential for targeting investments to reduce risks and enhance system resilience. Within this study we provide new insights into the criticality of real‐life critical infrastructure networks by integrating high‐resolution data on infrastructure location, connectivity, interdependence, and usage. We propose a metric of infrastructure criticality in terms of the number of users who may be directly or indirectly disrupted by the failure of physically interdependent infrastructures. Kernel density estimation is used to integrate spatially discrete criticality values associated with individual infrastructure assets, producing a continuous surface from which statistically significant infrastructure criticality hotspots are identified. We develop a comprehensive and unique national‐scale demonstration for England and Wales that utilizes previously unavailable data from the energy, transport, water, waste, and digital communications sectors. The testing of 200,000 failure scenarios identifies that hotspots are typically located around the periphery of urban areas where there are large facilities upon which many users depend or where several critical infrastructures are concentrated in one location.
Periodontal status of candidates for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Nuernberg Marta Aparecida Alberton , Rodrigues Suelen Caroline , Perdoncini Nicole Nichele , Funke Vaneuza Araújo Moreira , Bonfim Carmem Maria Sales , Nabhan Samir Kanaan , Torres‐Pereira Cassius Carvalho 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of this study was to describe the periodontal profile of ­candidates for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.MethodsThis cross‐sectional prospective study was performed from March 2014 to March 2015. After an initial interview, eligible individuals were evaluated by the following clinical parameters: visible plaque, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level at six sites per tooth, excluding third molars.ResultsThirty‐six candidates for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were clinically assessed. Eight (22%) patients were diagnosed with gingivitis and 21 (58%) of them with periodontitis. The gingival bleeding was statistically correlated with the percentage of sites with visible plaque (p < 0.0001; r = 0.630) and did not correlate with the number of platelets (p = 0.643, r = −0.082).ConclusionsThe candidates for allogeneic HSCT studied showed a high prevalence of periodontal diseases with unmonitored local infection before transplantation.
Injuries in youth track and field are perceived to have multiple‐level causes that call for ecological (holistic‐developmental) interventions: A national sporting community perceptions and experiences
Authors: Jacobsson J. , Bergin D. , Timpka T. , Nyce J. M. , Dahlström Ö. 
Published: June 2017

Engaging in competitive sports as a youth can have many health benefits, but recent studies also report a high risk for injury. The long‐term purpose of this Swedish research program is to develop a framework for safe track and field training for young athletes (aged 12‐15 years). The aim of this study was to establish what is perceived to contribute and cause injuries in youth track and field by compiling the best available experiential knowledge about the underlying factors and use this knowledge to identify appropriate areas to handle these in practical ways. Nine focus group interviews with in total 74 participants and confirming interviews with five individuals were performed in seven Swedish regions. Qualitative research methods were used for data analysis. Injuries in youth athletes were not considered to be strictly the result of individual factors but rather the result of the interactions between factors at different levels. Three major factors emerged as follows: Insufficient knowledge for athletic development in daily practice; shortsighted communities of practice and sports policies not adjusted to youth; and societal health behaviors. The experiential knowledge in the national sporting community suggests that if effective and sustainable injury prevention processes are to be implemented for youth track and field, an ecological (holistic‐developmental) approach to injury prevention is needed. Such an approach allows a longitudinal development‐focused strategy for prevention that spans an athlete's entire career.
Ultraconserved elements show utility in phylogenetic inference of Adephaga (Coleoptera) and suggest paraphyly of ‘Hydradephaga’
Authors: BACA STEPHEN M. , ALEXANDER ALANA , GUSTAFSON GREY T. , SHORT ANDREW E. Z. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe beetle suborder Adephaga has been the subject of many phylogenetic reconstructions utilizing a variety of data sources and inference methods. However, no strong consensus has yet emerged on the relationships among major adephagan lineages. Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) have proved useful for inferring difficult or unresolved phylogenies at varying timescales in vertebrates, arachnids and Hymenoptera. Recently, a UCE bait set was developed for Coleoptera using polyphagan genomes and a member of the order Strepsiptera as an outgroup. Here, we examine the utility of UCEs for reconstructing the phylogeny of adephagan families, in the first in vitro application a UCE bait set in Coleoptera. Our final dataset included 305 UCE loci for 18 representatives of all adephagan families except Aspidytidae, and two polyphagan outgroups, with a total concatenated length of 83 547 bp. We inferred trees using maximum likelihood analyses of the concatenated UCE alignment and coalescent species tree methods (astral ii, ASTRID, svdquartets). Although the coalescent species tree methods had poor resolution and weak support, concatenated analyses produced well‐resolved, highly supported trees. Hydradephaga was recovered as paraphyletic, with Gyrinidae sister to Geadephaga and all other adephagans. Haliplidae was recovered as sister to Dytiscoidea, with Hygrobiidae and Amphizoidae successive sisters to Dytiscidae. Finally, Noteridae was recovered as monophyletic and sister to Meruidae. Given the success of UCE data for resolving phylogenetic relationships within Adephaga, we suggest the potential for further resolution of relationships within Adephaga using UCEs with improved taxon sampling, and by developing Adephaga‐specific probes.
Histologic and cytologic bone marrow findings in dogs with suspected precursor‐targeted immune‐mediated anemia and associated phagocytosis of erythroid precursors
Authors: Lucidi Cynthia de A. , de Rezende Christian L. E. , Jutkowitz L. Ari , Scott Michael A. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundPrecursor‐targeted immune‐mediated anemia (PIMA) has been suspected in dogs with nonregenerative anemia and bone marrow findings varying from erythroid hyperplasia to pure red cell aplasia. Phagocytosis of erythroid precursors/rubriphagocytosis (RP) reported in some affected dogs suggests a destructive component to the pathogenesis ofPIMA.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to characterize laboratory and clinical findings in dogs with suspectedPIMAandRP, with emphasis on cytologic and histologic bone marrow findings.MethodsDogs withPIMAandRPwere identified by review of paired bone marrow aspirate and core biopsy slides collected over a 4‐year period. Samples were systematically assessed and characterized along with other pertinent laboratory data and clinical findings.ResultsTwenty‐five dogs met criteria forPIMAand hadRPthat was relatively stage‐selective. Erythropoiesis was expanded to the stage of erythroid precursors undergoing most prominent phagocytosis, yielding patterns characterized by a hypo‐, normo‐, or hypercellular erythroid lineage. A 4thpattern involved severe collagen myelofibrosis, and there was a spectrum of mild to severe collagen myelofibrosis overall. Evidence of immune‐mediated hemolysis was rare. Immunosuppressive therapy was associated with remission in 77% of dogs treated for at least the median response time of 2 months.ConclusionsBone marrow patterns in dogs fulfilling criteria forPIMAwere aligned with stage‐selective phagocytosis of erythroid precursors and the development of collagen myelofibrosis, common in dogs withPIMA. Recognition of these patterns and detection ofRPfacilitates diagnosis ofPIMA, and slow response to immunosuppressive therapy warrants further investigation into its pathogenesis.