bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How will the sustainable development goals deliver changes in well-being? A systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether WHOQOL-BREF scores respond to change
Authors: Skevington Suzanne M , Epton Tracy 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2015 aim to ‘…promote well-being for all’, but this has raised questions about how its targets will be evaluated. A cross-cultural measure of subjective perspectives is needed to complement objective indicators in showing whether SDGs improve well-being. The WHOQOL-BREF offers a short, generic, subjective quality of life (QoL) measure, developed with lay people in 15 cultures worldwide; 25 important dimensions are scored in environmental, social, physical and psychological domains. Although validity and reliability are demonstrated, clarity is needed on whether scores respond sensitively to changes induced by treatments, interventions and major life events. We address this aim.MethodsThe WHOQOL-BREF responsiveness literature was systematically searched (Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE and Medline). From 117 papers, 15 (24 studies) (n=2084) were included in a meta-analysis. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) assessed whether domain scores changed significantly during interventions/events, and whether such changes are relevant and meaningful to managing clinical and social change.ResultsScores changed significantly over time on all domains: small to moderate for physical (d=0.37; CI 0.25 to 0.49) and psychological QoL (d=0.22; CI 0.14 to 0.30), and small for social (d=0.10; CI 0.05 to 0.15) and environmental QoL (d=0.12; CI 0.06 to 0.18). More importantly, effect size was significant for every domain (p<0.001), indicating clinically relevant change, even when differences are small. Domains remained equally responsive regardless of sample age, gender and evaluation interval.ConclusionInternational evidence from 11 cultures shows that all WHOQOL-BREF domains detect relevant, meaningful change, indicating its suitability to assess SDG well-being targets.
Prevalence and burden of chronic kidney disease among the general population and high-risk groups in Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Abd ElHafeez Samar , Bolignano Davide , D’Arrigo Graziella , Dounousi Evangelia , Tripepi Giovanni , Zoccali Carmine 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesWhile increasing attention is paid to the rising prevalence of chronic diseases in Africa, there is little focus on chronic kidney disease (CKD). This systematic review assesses CKD burden among the general population and high-risk groups on the entire African continent.Design, setting and participantsWe searched Medline and PubMed databases for articles published between 1 January 1995 and 7 April 2017 by sensitive search strategies focusing on CKD surveys at the community level and high-risk groups. In total, 7918 references were evaluated, of which 7766 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Thus, 152 studies were included in the final analysis.Outcome measurementThe prevalence of CKD in each study group was expressed as a range and pooled prevalence rate of CKD was calculated as a point estimate and 95% CI. No meta-analysis was done. Data were presented for different populations.ResultsIn the community-level studies, based on available medium-quality and high-quality studies, the prevalence of CKD ranged from 2% to 41% (pooled prevalence: 10.1%; 95% CI 9.8% to 10.5%). The prevalence of CKD in the high-risk groups ranged from 1% to 46% (pooled prevalence: 5.6%; 95% CI 5.4% to 5.8%) in patients with HIV (based on available medium-quality and high-quality studies), 11%–90% (pooled prevalence: 24.7%; 95% CI 23.6% to 25.7%) in patients with diabetes (based on all available studies which are of low quality except four of medium quality) and 13%–51% (pooled prevalence: 34.5%; 95 % CI 34.04% to 36%) in patients with hypertension (based on all available studies which are of low quality except two of medium quality).ConclusionIn Africa, CKD is a public health problem, mainly attributed to high-risk conditions as hypertension and diabetes. The poor data quality restricts the validity of the findings and draws the attention to the importance of designing future robust studies.
Assessing the effectiveness of a patient-centred computer-based clinic intervention,Health-E You/Salud iTu,to reduce health disparities in unintended pregnancies among Hispanic adolescents: study protocol for a cluster randomised control trial
Authors: Tebb Kathleen P. , Rodriguez Felicia , Pollack Lance M. , Trieu Sang Leng , Hwang Loris , Puffer Maryjane , Adams Sally , Ozer Elizabeth M. , Brindis Claire D. 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionTeen pregnancy rates in the USA remain higher than any other industrialised nation, and pregnancies among Hispanic adolescents are disproportionately high. Computer-based interventions represent a promising approach to address sexual health and contraceptive use disparities. Preliminary findings have demonstrated that theHealth-E You/Salud iTu,computer application (app) is feasible to implement, acceptable to Latina adolescents and improves sexual health knowledge and interest in selecting an effective contraceptive method when used in conjunction with a healthcare visit. The app is now ready for efficacy testing. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe patient-centred approaches used both in developing and testing theHealth-E Youapp and to present the research methods used to evaluate its effectiveness in improving intentions to use an effective method of contraception as well as actual contraceptive use.Methods and analysisThis study is designed to assess the effectiveness of a patient-centred computer-based clinic intervention,Health-E You/Salud iTu, on its ability to reduce health disparities in unintended pregnancies among Latina adolescent girls. This study uses a cluster randomised control trial design in which 18 school-based health centers from the Los Angeles Unified School District were randomly assigned, at equal chance, to either the intervention (Health-E Youapp) or control group. Analyses will examine differences between the control and intervention group’s knowledge of and attitudes towards contraceptive use, receipt of contraception at the clinic visit and self-reported use of contraception at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. The study began enrolling participants in August 2016, and a total of 1400 participants (700 per treatment group) are expected to be enrolled by March 2018.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained through the University of California, San Francisco Institutional Review Board. Results of this trial will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. This study is registered with the US National Institutes of Health.Trial registration numberNCT02847858.
Short-term risk of cardiovascular readmission following a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy
Authors: Jarvie Jennifer L , Metz Torri D , Davis Melinda B , Ehrig Jessica C , Kao David P 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveWomen with pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) have increased long-term cardiovascular (CV) risk. We sought to determine if they demonstrate increased short-term CV risk.MethodsUsing administrative records, all hospital-based deliveries in Florida from 2004 to 2010 and subsequent readmission to any Florida hospital within 3 years of index delivery were identified. Deliveries and clinical diagnoses were determined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. HDP included pregnancies complicated by gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. Outcomes were CV readmission (acute myocardial infarction, stroke or heart failure), non-CV readmission and any readmission within 3 years of delivery excluding subsequent deliveries. Associations were determined using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsAmong 1 452 926 records from delivering mothers of singleton infants (mean age 27.2±6.2 years; 52% white, 23% African American (AA), 18% Hispanic), there were 4054 CV and 259 252 non-CV readmissions. Women with HDP had higher CV readmission rates (6.4 vs 2.5/1000 deliveries; P<0.001). AA women had higher rates of CV readmission than whites or Hispanics (6.8 vs 1.7 vs 1.0/1000 deliveries, respectively; P<0.001). Women with HDP had higher multivariate risk of CV readmission (OR 2.41; 95% CI 2.08 to 2.80) and any readmission (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.15). Compared with whites, AA women had higher risk for CV readmission (OR 3.60; 95% CI 3.32 to 3.90) after adjustment for HDP.ConclusionWomen with HDP had twice the risk of CV readmission within 3 years of delivery, with higher rates among AA women. More work is needed to explore preventive strategies for HDP-associated events.
Intrathecal baclofen therapy versus conventional medical management for severe poststroke spasticity: results from a multicentre, randomised, controlled, open-label trial (SISTERS)
Authors: Creamer Michael , Cloud Geoffrey , Kossmehl Peter , Yochelson Michael , Francisco Gerard E , Ward Anthony B , Wissel Jörg , Zampolini Mauro , Abouihia Abdallah , Berthuy Nathalie , Calabrese Alessandra , Loven Meghann , Saltuari Leopold 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundIntrathecal baclofen (ITB) is a treatment option for patients with severe poststroke spasticity (PSS) who have not reached their therapy goal with other interventions.Methods’Spasticity In Stroke–Randomised Study' (SISTERS) was a randomised, controlled, open-label, multicentre phase IV study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ITB therapy versus conventional medical management (CMM) with oral antispastic medications for treatment of PSS. Patients with chronic stroke with spasticity in ≥2 extremities and an Ashworth Scale (AS) score ≥3 in at least two affected muscle groups in the lower extremities (LE) were randomised (1:1) to ITB or CMM. Both treatment arms received physiotherapy throughout. The primary outcome was the change in the average AS score in the LE of the affected body side from baseline to month 6. Analyses were performed for all patients as randomised (primary analysis) and all randomised patients as treated (safety analysis).ResultsOf 60 patients randomised to ITB (n=31) or CMM (n=29), 48 patients (24 per arm) completed the study. The primary analysis showed a significant effect of ITB therapy over CMM (mean AS score reduction, −0.99 (ITB) vs −0.43 (CMM); Hodges-Lehmann estimate, −0.667(95.1%CI −1.0000 to −0.1667); P=0.0140). More patients reported adverse events while receiving ITB (24/25 patients, 96%; 149 events) compared with CMM (22/35, 63%; 77 events), although events were generally consistent with the known safety profile of ITB therapy.ConclusionsThese data support the use of ITB therapy as an alternative to CMM for treatment of generalised PSS in adults.Trial registration numberNCT01032239; Results.
Sex-stratified analysis of national trends and outcomes in isolated tricuspid valve surgery
Authors: Chandrashekar Pranav , Fender Erin Amanda , Zack Chad J , Reddy Yogesh N V , Bennett Courtney E , Prasad Megha , Al-Hijji Mohammed A , Stulak John M , Miller Virginia M 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveFemale sex is a known risk factor for cardiac surgery, and tricuspid valve (TV) disease is more common in women. There are few data on sex-stratified surgical outcomes for isolated TV surgery. An administrative database was used to compare acute in-hospital outcomes between men and women undergoing isolated TV surgery.MethodsPatients aged >18 who underwent TV repair or replacement from 2004 to 2013 were identified using the National Inpatient Sample. Patients were excluded if they had congenital heart disease, endocarditis, or were undergoing concomitant cardiac surgeries except coronary bypass. Results were weighted to represent national averages. Sex-stratified analysis was performed using propensity score matching to compare in-hospital mortality, postoperative complications and hospital costs.ResultsOver 10 years, women represented 58% of the 5005 TV surgeries performed. With propensity matching, hospital mortality (7.9% vs 7.7%; P=0.99) and median length of stay (11 vs 11 days; P=0.99) were similar between men and women. However, median hospital charges were higher for men ($166 000 vs $155 000; P=0.04).ConclusionIsolated TV surgery is rare, but women more commonly undergo the procedure. In-hospital mortality was similar between men and women after propensity matching, but remains markedly high for both men and women in comparison to that reported for left-sided isolated valve surgery.
Impact of nutritional indices on mortality in patients with heart failure
Authors: Yoshihisa Akiomi , Kanno Yuki , Watanabe Shunsuke , Yokokawa Tetsuro , Abe Satoshi , Miyata Makiko , Sato Takamasa , Suzuki Satoshi , Oikawa Masayoshi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Yamaki Takayoshi , Kunii Hiroyuki , Nakazato Kazuhiko , Suzuki Hitoshi , Ishida Takafumi , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundMalnutrition is a common condition that is associated with adverse prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and controlling nutritional status (CONUT) have all been used as objective indices for evaluating nutritional status. We aimed to clarify the relationship between these nutritional indices and the parameters of inflammatory markers, cardiac function and exercise capacity, as well as to compare the ability of these indexes for predicting mortality.MethodsWe evaluated PNI, GNRI and CONUT in consecutive 1307 patients with HF.ResultsFirst, there were significant correlations between nutritional indices and the following: C reactive protein; tumour necrosis factor-α; adiponectin; B-type natriuretic peptide; troponin I; inferior vena cava diameter and peak VO2(P<0.05, respectively). Second, in the Kaplan-Meier analysis (follow-up 1146 days), all-cause mortality progressively increased from normal to mild, moderate and severe disturbance groups in the indices (log-rank, P<0.01, respectively). In the Cox proportional hazard analysis, each index was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with HF (P<0.001, respectively). Third, receiver operating curve demonstrated that the areas under the curve of PNI and GNRI were larger than that of CONUT score (P<0.05, respectively).ConclusionPatients with HF being malnourished had higher mortality accompanied by higher levels of C reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, adiponectin, B-type natriuretic peptide, troponin I, right-sided volume overload and impaired exercise capacity, rather than left ventricular systolic function. Additionally, PNI and GNRI were superior to CONUT score in predicting mortality in patients with HF.
Prognosis of patients with secondary mitral regurgitation and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Mowakeaa Samer , Dwivedi Aeshita , Grossman Jason R , Parikh Gaurav , Curillova Zelmira , Aragam Krishna G , Elmariah Sammy , Kinlay Scott , Aragam Jayashri 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThe impact of the severity of secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) on the risk of death and heart failure (HF) hospitalisations in patients with reduced left ventricular (LV) systolic function is poorly defined. The study sought to identify the incremental risk of secondary MR in patients with reduced LV systolic function.MethodsWe studied 615 consecutive patients with LV ejection fraction ≤35% by transthoracic echocardiography at a single medical centre. Patients were divided into three groups of no MR, mild, or moderate to severe MR. The median follow-up was 2.9 years. The primary endpoint was a composite of death or HF hospitalisations.ResultsCompared with patients with no MR, the risk of death or HF hospitalisations was higher for mild MR (HR 1.7, P=0.003) and moderate to severe MR (HR 2.7, P<0.001). The risk was also higher for the component endpoints of HF hospitalisations (mild MR: HR 2.3, P=0.001; moderate to severe MR: HR 3.5, P<0.001) and death (mild MR: HR 1.6, P=0.033; moderate to severe MR: HR 2.6, P<0.001). After adjustment for other covariates, MR was no longer significantly associated with death or HF hospitalisations, or death alone, but remained significantly associated with HF hospitalisations (mild MR: HR 1.7, P=0.028; moderate to severe MR: HR 2.2, P=0.002).ConclusionsIn patients with reduced LV systolic function, secondary MR is associated with an increased risk of HF hospitalisations but not death.
Impact of replacing cytology with human papillomavirus testing for cervical cancer screening on the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis: a modelling study
Authors: Hui Ben B , Reulein Caitlin P , Guy Rebecca J , Donovan Basil , Hocking Jane S , Law Matthew G , Regan David G 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTrichomonas vaginalis (TV) is the most common curable STI worldwide and is associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition and serious reproductive morbidities. The prevalence of TV infection is very low in Australian cities, and this is thought to be at least partly due to incidental detection and treatment of TV in women participating in the cervical cytology screening programme. In 2017, the national cervical screening programme will transition to a new model based on testing for high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV), with a reduced frequency and commencement at an older age. We model the potential impact of this transition on TV prevalence in Australia.MethodsA mathematical model was developed to describe the transmission of TV in the general population and used to evaluate scenarios that capture the switch from cytology-based screening to HR HPV testing. Under these scenarios, individuals with asymptomatic TV who test negative for HR HPV will remain undiagnosed and untreated. We estimate the change in TV prevalence expected to occur due to the switch from cytology to HR HPV testing and changes to the frequency and age at commencement of screening.ResultsOur results suggest that with the transition to HR HPV testing, TV prevalence may increase from the current ~0.4% to 2.8% within 20 years if TV testing coverage is not increased and HR HPV prevalence does not decline further. If HR HPV prevalence continues to decline at its current rate with ongoing vaccination, TV prevalence is predicted to increase to 3.0% within this time frame.ConclusionsOur modelling suggests that in a setting like Australia, where TV can be detected incidentally through cytology-based cervical screening, a transition to HPV testing is likely to result in increasing TV prevalence over time unless additional measures are implemented to increase TV testing and treatment.
Reversibly-propagational metamaterial absorber for sensing application
Authors: Tung Bui Son , Khuyen Bui Xuan , Yoo Young Joon , Rhee Joo Yull , Kim Ki Won , Lam Vu Dinh , Lee Young Pak 
Published: January 2018

We investigated a reversibly-propagational metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) for X band using two separated identically-patterned copper layers, which were deposited on continuous dielectric FR-4 layers. By adjusting oblique incidence, two separated resonances are excited, then come close to each other and is finally merged to be a perfect absorption peak at 10.1 GHz. The nature of resonance is the quadrupole mode instead of the fundamental resonances in common MPAs. The mechanism of perfect absorption is the coupling of two quadrupole resonances at their superposition, leading to an enhancement of energy absorption. Finally, we numerically presented the capability of sensing thin resonant substance using the proposed MPA. The characteristic resonance of substance, which does not appear on the absorption spectrum at the limited thickness of bare substance layer, is detected with a great magnitude of signal by exploiting the absorption resonance of MPA. Our work provides another way to obtain the reversibly-propagational absorption by controlling the incident angle instead of the geometrical structure, and might be useful for the potential devices based on MPA such as detectors and sensors.
МОБІЛЬНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ДЛЯ МОНІТОРИНГУ ПОКАЗНИКІВ СТАНУ ЗДОРОВ’Я
Authors: Dorosh N. V. , Ilkanych K. I. , Dorosh O. I. , Boyko I. R. 
Published: January 2018

РЕЗЮМЕ. Вступ. Своєчасна діагностика стану організму людини у режимі віддаленого доступу без відвідування спеціалізованих медичних закладів, автоматизований моніторинг стану здоров'я людини на всіх етапах лікування, реабілітації та профілактики захворювань, отримання професійних медичних консультацій за допомогою спеціальних WEB-порталів є актуальними питаннями охорони здоров’я, розв’язання яких можливе лише при використанні сучасних інформаційних технологій.Мета. Аналіз існуючих систем та розроблення нових методів та мобільних програмних засобів, що дозволять оперативно визначати, аналізувати та контролювати психоемоційний та фізичний стан здоров'я людини.Матеріали та методи. Розроблено концепцію створення модульної багатопараметричної мультифункціональної мобільної системи із сервісною платформою, яка призначена для моніторингу, тривалого спостереження та контролю основних психофізіологічних показників, що характеризують стан організму людини.Результати. Експериментальні дослідження роботи основних модулів системи були практично проведені під час аналізу частоти серцевого ритму у 5 діапазонах за допомогою медичного гаджету MioFuse та розробленого мобільного додатку MioGo.Висновки. Використання інформаційних та мобільних технологій дозволяє організувати роботу із системою у режимі віддаленого доступу, реалізувати персоналізований підхід до пацієнтів з відображенням даних на екрані смартфона користувача.
ДІАГНОСТИЧНІ КРИТЕРІЇ НЕВРАСТЕНІЇ З ПІДВИЩЕНИМ РИЗИКОМ АДИКТИВНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ
Authors: Denysenko M. M. 
Published: January 2018

Мета: визначити клінічні особливості та закономірність формування неврастенії з підвищеним ризиком адиктивної поведінки.Матеріали та методи: клініко-психопатологічне дослідження; система AUDIT–подібних тестів для комплексної оцінки адиктивного статусу; клінічний опитувальник для виявлення та оцінки невротичних станів.Результати. Таким чином, за результатами проведеного дослідження пацієнтів з неврастенією що поєднана з адитивними порушеннями, характеризує затяжний тип формування невротичного розладу, наявність емоційно-ізоляційних психотравмуючих факторів, широкий спектр клініко-психопатологічних симптомів, з домінуванням сомато-вегетативних та депресивних проявів, а також представленість в синдромальной структурі провідного астенічного синдрому на тлі сомато-вегетативного, дисфоричного або депресивного синдромів. В якості найбільш інформативних маркерів наявності адикцій у хворих на неврастенію виділено наявність затяжного початку хвороби (МІ=0,83) та дисфоричного синдрому (МІ=0,8).В формуванні невротичних розладів з адикціями були задіяні переважно поєднання гострих та хронічних психотравмуючих чинників з різних сфер життєдіяльності людини; окрім цього значна доля в формуванні неврозів з адикціями належала емоційно-ізоляційним психотравмуючим чинникам, що пов’язані з переживанням відчуття самотності та відчуженості.Висновок. Отримані дані можуть бути використані для удосконалення програм діагностики, профілактики та терапії хворих на невростенію.