bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ornamentation of dermal bones of Placodermi from the Lower Devonian of Morocco as a measure of biodiversity
Authors: Antczak Mateusz , Berkowski Błażej 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Dermal bones are formed early during growth and thus constitute an important tool in studies of ontogenetic and evolutionary changes amongst early vertebrates. Ornamentation of dermal bones of terrestrial vertebrates is often used as a taxonomic tool, for instance in Aetosauria, extant lungfishes (Dipnoi) and ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii), for which it have been proved to be of use in differentiating specimens to species level. However, it has not been utilised to the same extent in placoderms. Several features of the ornamentation of Early Devonian placoderms from Hamar Laghdad (Morocco) were examined using both optical and scanning electron microscopy to determine whether it is possible to distinguish armoured Palaeozoic fishes. Four distinct morphotypes, based on ornamentation of dermal bones, are differentiated. These distinct types of ornamentation may be the result of either different location of dermal plates on the body or of ontogenetic (intraspecific) and/or interspecific variation.
Evolution of Early Pleistocene fluvial systems in central Poland prior to the first ice sheet advance – a case study from the Bełchatów lignite mine
Authors: Goździk Jan , Zieliński Tomasz 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Deposits formed between the Neogene/Pleistocene transition and into the Early Pleistocene have been studied, mainly on the basis of drillings and at rare, small outcrops in the lowland part of Polish territory. At the Bełchatów lignite mine (Kleszczów Graben, central Poland), one of the largest opencast pits in Europe, strata of this age have long been exposed in extensive outcrops. The present paper is based on our field studies and laboratory analyses, as well as on research data presented by other authors. For that reason, it can be seen as an overview of current knowledge of lowermost Pleistocene deposits at Bełchatów, where exploitation of the Quaternary overburden has just been completed. The results of cartographic work, sedimentological, mineralogical and palynological analyses as well as assessment of sand grain morphology have been considered. All of these studies have allowed the distinction of three Lower Pleistocene series, i.e., the Łękińsko, Faustynów and Krzaki series. These were laid down in fluvial environments between the end of the Pliocene up to the advance of the first Scandinavian ice sheet on central Poland. The following environmental features have been interpreted: phases of river incision and aggradation, changes of river channel patterns, source sediments for alluvia, rates of aeolian supply to rivers and roles of fluvial systems in morphological and geological development of the area. The two older series studied, i.e., Łękińsko and Faustynów, share common characteristics. They were formed by sinuous rivers in boreal forest and open forest environments. The Neogene substratum was the source of the alluvium. The younger series (Krzaki) formed mainly in a braided river setting, under conditions of progressive climatic cooling. Over time, a gradual increase of aeolian supply to the fluvial system can be noted; initially, silt and sand were laid down, followed by sand only during cold desert conditions. These fluvio-periglacial conditions are identified in the foreground of the advance of the oldest ice sheet into this part of central Poland. The series studied have been compared with other fluvial successions which accumulated in the Kleszczów Graben during subsequent glaciations so as to document general changes in fluvial systems as reactions to climatic evolution. Thus, a palaeoenvironmental scenario has emerged which could be considered to be characteristic of central Poland during the Early Pleistocene.
A hitherto unknown river type from the Archaean at Bhurkuli (Jharkhand, E India)
Authors: Loon A.J. (Tom) van , De Shuvabrata 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Archaean granitoid pluton of the Singhbhum craton in E India is overlain by Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic metasediments. These sediments are still poorly known and their stratigraphy is under debate. Several scattered, most probably Meso- to Neoarchaean, conglomerates are present in the state of Jharkhand that differ so much in characteristics that they are probably not related to each other. The sedimentology of a series of conglomerate patches and layers near Bhurkuli has been investigated, including the characteristics of the clasts. It is deduced on the basis of these characteristics and the sedimentological context that the Bhurkuli conglomerates represent the channel facies of a river system that differed from the types of fluvial systems that exist nowadays.
Hydraulic conductivity changes in river valley sediments caused by river bank filtration – an analysis of specific well capacity
Authors: Kaczmarek Piotr M.J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Parameters from archive data of the Kalisz-Lis waterworks, located in the Prosna River valley south of Kalisz, have been analysed. Well barrier discharges groundwater from Quaternary sediments which is mixed with riverbank filtration water. The analysis focused on specific well capacity, a parameter that represents the technical and natural aspects of well life. To exclude any aging factor, an examination of specific well capacity acquired only in the first pumping tests of a new well was performed. The results show that wells drilled between 1961 and 2004 have similar values of specific well capacity and prove that > 40 years discharge has had little influence on hydrodynamic conditions of the aquifer, i.e., clogging has either not occurred or is of low intensity. This implies that, in the total water balance of the Kalisz- Lis well barrier, riverbank filtration water made little contribution. In comparison, a similar analysis of archive data on the Mosina-Krajkowo wells of two generations of well barriers located in the Warta flood plains was performed; this has revealed a different trend. There was a significant drop in specific well capacity from the first pumping test of substitute wells. Thus, long-term groundwater discharge in the Warta valley has had a great impact on the reduction of the hydraulic conductivity of sediments and has worsened hydrodynamic conditions due to clogging of river bed and aquifer, which implies a large contribution of riverbank filtration water in the total water well balance. For both well fields conclusions were corroborated by mathematical modeling; in Kalisz-Lis 16.2% of water comes from riverbank filtration, whereas the percentage for Mosina-Krajkowo is 78.9%.
Cyclic and rotational latin hybrid triple systems
Authors: Kozlik Andrew Richard 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
It is well known that given a Steiner triple system (STS) one can define a binary operation * upon its base set by assigning x * x = x for all x and x * y = z, where z is the third point in the block containing the pair {x, y}. The same can be done for Mendelsohn triple systems (MTS), directed triple systems (DTS) as well as hybrid triple systems (HTS), where (x, y) is considered to be ordered. In the case of STSs and MTSs the operation yields a quasigroup, however this is not necessarily the case for DTSs and HTSs. A DTS or an HTS which induces a quasigroup is said to be Latin. In this paper we study Latin DTSs and Latin HTSs which admit a cyclic or a 1-rotational automorphism. We prove the existence spectra for these systems as well as the existence spectra for their pure variants. As a side result we also obtain the existence spectra of pure cyclic and pure 1-rotational MTSs.
On F-groups with the central factor of order p
4
Authors: Jafarian Amiri Seyyed Majid , Madadi Halimeh , Rostami Hojjat 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A finite group G is called an F-group (G ∈ F) if for every x, y ∈ G ∖ Z(G), C

G
(x) ≤ C

G
(y) implies that C

G
(x) = C

G
(y). An important subclass of F-groups are CA-groups, consisting of groups in which all centralizers of noncentral elements are abelian. In this paper, among other results, we find the number of element centralizers and the maximum cardinality of subsets of pairwise non-commuting elements in an F-group G with |

G

Z
(
G
)

$\frac{G}{Z(G)}$

| = p
4 for some prime p.
On structural properties of porouscontinuous functions
Authors: Kowalczyk Stanisław , Turowska Małgorzata 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The notion of porouscontinuous function introduced by Borsík and Holos is studied. Relations between porouscontinuous, continuous and ϱ-upper continuous are investigated. Moreover, we show that porouscontinuous functions may not belong to Baire class one.
On The betti numbers of oriented Grassmannians and independent semi-invariants of binary forms
Authors: Korbaš Július 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe present a complete functional formula expressing theith ℤ2-Betti number of the oriented Grassmann manifold of oriented 3-dimensional vector subspaces in Euclideann-space forifrom the range determined by the characteristic rank of the canonical oriented 3-dimensional vector bundle over this manifold. The same formula explicitly exhibits the number of linearly independent semi-invariants of degree 3 of a binary form of degreen− 3. Using the approach and data presented in this note, analogous results can be obtained for the oriented Grassmann manifold of oriented 4-dimensional vector subspaces in Euclideann-space and semi-invariants of degree 4 of a binary form of degreen− 4.
Generalized Baskakov type operators
Authors: Erençin Ayşegül , Olgun Ali , Taşdelen Fatma 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a generalization of Baskakov operators based on a function ρ. We prove a weighted Korovkin type theorem and compute the rate of convergence via weighted modulus of continuity for these operators. Also we give a Voronovskaya type asymptotic formula.
Investigation by pXRF of Caltagirone Pottery Samples Produced in Laboratory
Authors: Gueli Anna M. , Delfino Antonio , Nicastro Emanuele , Pasquale Stefania , Politi Giuseppe , Privitera Antonella , Spampinato Sofia , Stella Giuseppe 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the study of archaeological ceramics, it is important to have compositional data to identify their origin and source. The fabric also provides useful information on the production technology, especially with regard to the firing steps. The work presented here is connected to this field and focuses on the main parameters related to the terracotta artefacts preparation. Thus, one can consider the effects in terracotta characteristics of different raw materials and firing parameters, in particular for pottery of Caltagirone, which is one of most important centres of pottery production in Italy, active since the Neolithic. To this end, terracotta samples have been reproduced in a laboratory setting according to the ancient procedure of Caltagirone manufacture, starting from clay and degreaser extraction in local historical sites. The analysis was conducted using a portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer for elemental characterization of sand degreaser and of clays during each step of the realization process and in different firing conditions. SEM-ED techniques were also employed to verify the method and results for some of the samples after firing process. Framing the technological context of manufacture production, known in the specific case, it is also possible to identify potential outcomes and limits in the study of potsherds using pXRF technology, in applying the methodology to historic artefacts.
Hamiltonian extensions in quantum metrology
Authors: Fraïsse Julien Mathieu Elias , Braun Daniel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe study very generally towhat extent the uncertainty with which a phase shift can be estimated in quantum metrology can be reduced by extending the Hamiltonian that generates the phase shift to an ancilla system with a Hilbert space of arbitrary dimension, and allowing arbitrary interactions between the original system and the ancilla. Such Hamiltonian extensions provide a general framework for open quantum systems, as well as for “non-linear metrology schemes” that have been investigated over the last few years. We prove that such Hamiltonian extensions cannot improve the sensitivity of the phase shift measurement when considering the quantum Fisher information optimized over input states.
MicroRNA in Alzheimer’s disease revisited: implications for major neuropathological mechanisms
Authors: Dehghani Reihaneh , Rahmani Farzaneh , Rezaei Nima 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) goes far beyond neurotoxicity resulting from extracellular deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques. Aberrant cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and accumulation of Aβ in the form of the plaque or neurofibrillary tangles are the known primary culprits of AD pathogenesis and target for various regulatory mechanisms. Hyper-phosphorylation of tau, a major component of neurofibrillary tangles, precipitates its aggregation and prevents its clearance. Lipid particles, apolipoproteins and lipoprotein receptors can act in favor or against Aβ and tau accumulation by altering neural membrane characteristics or dynamics of transport across the blood-brain barrier. Lipids also alter the oxidative/anti-oxidative milieu of the central nervous system (CNS). Irregular cell cycle regulation, mitochondrial stress and apoptosis, which follow both, are also implicated in AD-related neuronal loss. Dysfunction in synaptic transmission and loss of neural plasticity contribute to AD. Neuroinflammation is a final trail for many of the pathologic mechanisms while playing an active role in initiation of AD pathology. Alterations in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in AD and their relevance to AD pathology have long been a focus of interest. Herein we focused on the precise pathomechanisms of AD in which miRNAs were implicated. We performed literature search through PubMed and Scopus using the search term: (‘Alzheimer Disease’) OR (‘Alzheimer’s Disease’) AND (‘microRNAs’ OR ‘miRNA’ OR ‘MiR’) to reach for relevant articles. We show how a limited number of common dysregulated pathways and abnormal mechanisms are affected by various types of miRNAs in AD brain.
Iran’s Inflationary Experience: Demand Pressures, External Shocks, and Supply Constraints
Authors: Kandil Magda , Mirzaie Ida A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper studies determinants of inflation in Iran. The buildup of international reserves has accelerated during the episode of higher oil price. The associated increase in government spending has limited contribution to capacity building and pronounced inflationary pressures, which accelerated at the beginning of the Iran-Iraq war in 1980, and eased at the end of the war in 1988. Accommodating monetary stance has proven to be an important determinant of inflation, both in the long and in the short-runs. In the long-run, depreciation of the rial increases the cost of intermediate goods, increasing inflationary pressures with limited significant effect on output. In contrast, depreciation could boost competitiveness of non-energy exports, in support of higher demand and output growth in the short-run. For policy implications, priorities going forward should be in place to direct both public and private resources toward relaxing binding capacity constraints, capitalizing on oil resources in Iran and the prospects of the positive implications of lifting sanctions in the context of the recent nuclear agreement between Iran and the G5+1 countries.
Activation of Multiple Functionalities Through Interacting Nanoparticles
Authors: Chandler Morgan , Halman Justin R. , Khisamutdinov Emil F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNucleic acids are biocompatible, robust, and highly versatile polymers that can be used to design fine-tunable and dynamically responsive nanostructures. In this report, we focus our attention to recently introduced concepts of interdependent, cognate nucleic acid nanoparticles assembly that take advantage of dynamic interactions and consequent shape-switching to trigger the activation of multiple functionalities. Particularly, we discuss re-association of thermodynamically driven complementary nanocubes (“cube” and complementary “anti-cube”) into functional duplexes that do not require toehold interactions or extensive computational design, bringing a new perspective for utility of nucleic acid nanoparticles as a drug carriers, biosensors, and templates for the formation of siRNA duplexes.
Thermoelemente auf Graphitbasis –
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
Authors: Edler Frank , Haupt Sebastian 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag werden
der konstruktive Aufbau graphitbasierter Thermoelemente,
die Ergebnisse von Messungen absoluter
Seebeck-Koeffizienten der zum Bau der Thermoelemente
verwendeten Graphitmaterialien bis ca. 550 ○C
und die Ergebnisse metrologischer Untersuchungen von graphitbasierten
Thermoelementen bezüglich ihrer thermoelektrischen Stabilität bis
1950 ○C beschrieben.
Numerical Investigation of Three-dimensional Separation Control on a High-speed Compressor Stator Vane with Tailored Synthetic Jet
Authors: Qin Yong , Song Yanping , Wang Ruoyu , Liu Huaping 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A numerical study on the performance of synthetic jet for flow separation control on a high-speed compressor stator vane is performed. Four control schemes including full-span and part-span configurations are investigated at both design and off-design conditions. Results indicate that both full-span and part-span schemes could effectively delay flow separation and reduce total pressure loss for the compressor stator vane, the adaptability of the flow control under off-design conditions is also validated. Within the investigated incidence range, the full-span configuration is able to gain the most significant performance improvement, by which a maximum loss reduction of 23.8 % is obtained at i=2 deg. The part-span configuration could reorganize the vortex structures more efficiently and cut off the interaction between the ring-like vortex and the passage vortex, thus improving its performance in the corner region. In terms of flow control efficiency, the part-span configurations turn out to be more superior, where the highest control efficiency of 614.0 % is achieved at i=0 deg with the total height of the actuator being 40 %H. The flow control efficiency for all the schemes is higher than 100 % within the whole operating range, demonstrating a promising prospect for the application of synthetic jet in axial compressors.
Klar – klärer – am klärsten? Umlaut comparison as a doubtful case in contemporary German
Authors: Nowak Jessica 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The present paper addresses doubtful cases concerning the use of umlaut in the adjectival comparison of contemporary German: bang ‘anxious’ - banger/bänger - am bangsten/ bängsten. It aims to shed light on the concrete distribution of this variation, i.e. the preference for one of the variants. Corpus-based analyses will show that the adjectives under discussion are not equally affected by umlaut variation: some are (surprisingly) stable (e.g., gesund ‘healthy’), whereas many others have a clear preference (i.e. > 70%) for non-umlauting forms (e.g., blass ‘pale’, nass ‘wet’). Interestingly, a few of the supposedly stable cases appear to have at least some non-umlauting forms (e.g., krank ‘ill’, nah ‘near’, grob ‘rough’). Even more interesting (but still comparatively rare) is the use of umlaut in conceptual orality contexts with adjectives that exhibit no umlaut comparison in Standard German, e.g., klar ‘clear’, falsch ‘wrong’, doof ‘stupid’. As will be demonstrated, these doubtful cases reflect a centuries-old and still ongoing reorganization process within umlaut comparison. It will turn out that a complex network of interacting factors such as token frequency, phonological schemas, and morphological complexity is at work.
The embarrassment of riches: ‘Head’ words in the Indo-European family
Authors: Gąsiorowski Piotr 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe notion of HEAD is reflected in the basic lexicon of all known languages; the identification of the head as a distinct and vitally important body part, labelled with a simplex word, seems to be a cross-cultural universal. Thanks to their high frequency of use and their “basic concept” status, words meaning ‘head’ tend to be diachronically stable and therefore important for comparative reconstruction. Their expected retention rate - as estimated on the basis of data from several uncontroversial language families - is on a par with words meaning ‘heart’ or ‘foot’. On the other hand, culture-specific factors may lead to the proliferation of secondary meanings, the rise of stylistically marked nearsynonyms, and consequently to locally accelerated lexical evolution. This seems to have happened repeatedly in the Indo-European family, in which not only the oldest reconstructible ‘head’ word, *ḱreh₂- but also secondary, branch-specific terms have often been subject to lexical replacement. This unusual variability of words for HEAD in Indo- European contrasts with the remarkable conservatism of words for several other bodypart concepts, such as EYE, EAR, TOOTH and HEART. In this paper, we shall attempt to identify recurrent patterns of semantic change in the emergence of new synonyms and the polysemic development of inherited ‘head’ words. Insights derived from recent studies of “embodiment” will be used to explain the observed tendencies.
Temporal/locative inversion in Arabic
Authors: Jarrah Marwan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis research scrutinizes the observation that when the thematic subject is extracted (i.e. questioned) in Jordanian Arabic, temporal/locative inversion may occur. Temporal inversion occurs irrespective of the verb being transitive or intransitive, whereas locative inversion is limited to contexts with an unaccusative verb. This research argues that this distinction correlates with the base-generation of temporal/locative adjuncts; temporal adjuncts are base-generated adjoining to TP, whereas locatives are base-generated adjoining to VP. Temporal but not locative adjuncts resist fronting with VP, demand the use of a tense copula (or a tensed verb), and are not subject to deletion along with the lexical verb. With the assumption that Spec, SubjP must be filled with a non-silent copy due to the effects of the so-called Subject Criterion (Rizzi and Shlonsky 2007), a temporal or locative adjunct, if any, fills this position instead of the extracted thematic subject. Given its low position, a locative adjunct is accessible to Subj0only when there is no v*P, hence the account of the correlation between locative inversion and the type of the verb. Furthermore, this research explores the existence of temporal/locative inversion in other two Arabic dialects (Najdi Arabic and Iraqi Arabic), arguing for a micro-parametric view of this strategy across Arabic dialects.
Structure and magnetic properties of Sm2Rh3Sn5 – an intergrowth of TiNiSi- and NdRh2Sn4-related slabs
Authors: Heying Birgit , Kösters Jutta , Hoffmann Rolf-Dieter , Heletta Lukas , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The stannide Sm2Rh3Sn5 was obtained by arc-melting of the elements and subsequent annealing at 1070 K in a silica tube. Sm2Rh3Sn5 crystallizes with the orthorhombic Y2Rh3Sn5 type structure, space group Cmc21, Z=4: a=444.46(8), b=2636.2(4), c=718.3(1) pm, wR=0.0711, 1761 F
2 values and 61 variables. The three crystallographically independent rhodium atoms show tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination by samarium and tin atoms. Sm2Rh3Sn5 can be considered as a simple 1:1 intergrowth structure of TiNiSi- and NdRh2Sn4-related slabs of compositions SmRhSn and SmRh2Sn4
. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility data revealed van Vleck type behavior caused by the proximity of the exited 6H7/2 state to the 6H5/2 ground state of Sm3+, and an antiferromagnetic ordering occurs at T
N=3.5(5) K.