bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a non‐stereoselective cytochrome P450 catalyzing either 8α‐ or 8β‐hydroxylation of germacrene A acid from the Chinese medicinal plant, Inula hupehensis
Authors: Gou Junbo , Hao Fuhua , Huang Chongyang , Kwon Moonhyuk , Chen Fangfang , Li Changfu , Liu Chaoyang , Ro Dae‐Kyun , Tang Huiru , Zhang Yansheng 
Published: October 2017

SummarySesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are C15 terpenoid natural products with α‐methylene γ‐lactone moiety. A large proportion of STLs in Asteraceae species is derived from the central precursor germacrene A acid (GAA). Formation of the lactone rings depends on the regio‐(C6 or C8) and stereoselective (α‐ or β‐)hydroxylations of GAA, producing STLs with four distinct stereo‐configurations (12,6α‐, 12,6β‐, 12,8α‐, and 12,8β‐olide derivatives of GAA) in nature. Curiously, two configurations of STLs (C12,8α and C12,8β) are simultaneously present in the Chinese medicinal plant, Inula hupehensis. However, how these related yet distinct STL stereo‐isomers are co‐synthesized in I. hupehensis remains unknown. Here, we describe the functional identification of the I. hupehensis cytochrome P450 (CYP71BL6) that can catalyze the hydroxylation of GAA in either 8α‐ or 8β‐configuration, resulting in the synthesis of both 8α‐ and 8β‐hydroxyl GAAs. Of these two products, only 8α‐hydroxyl GAA spontaneously lactonizes to the C12,8α‐STL while the 8β‐hydroxyl GAA remains stable without lactonization. Chemical structures of the C12,8α‐STL, named inunolide, and 8β‐hydroxyl GAA were fully elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and mass spectrometry. The CYP71BL6 displays 63–66% amino acid identity to the previously reported CYP71BL1/2 catalyzing GAA 6α‐ or 8β‐hydroxylation, indicating CYP71BL6 shares the same evolutionary lineage with other stereoselective cytochrome P450s, but catalyzes hydroxylation in a non‐stereoselective manner. We observed that the CYP71BL6 transcript abundance correlates closely to the accumulation of C12,8‐STLs in I. hupehensis. The identification of CYP71BL6 provides an insight into the biosynthesis of STLs in Asteraceae.
An Experimental Comparison of Two User Interface Designs for a Hand-Held Surgical Robot
Authors: Rox Margaret F. , Hendrick Richard J. , Herrell S. Duke , Webster Robert J. 
Published: October 2017

There is a trend towards miniaturization in surgical robotics with the objective of making surgeries less invasive [1]. There has also been increasing recent interest in hand-held robots because of their ability to maintain the current surgical workflow [2, 3]. We have previously presented a system that integrates small-diameter concentric tube robots [4, 5] into a hand-held robotic device [3], as shown in Figure 1. This robot was designed for transurethral laser surgery in the prostate. It provides the surgeon with two dexterous manipulators through a 5mm port in a traditional transurethral endoscope. This system enables the surgeon to retract tissue and aim a fiber optic laser simultaneously to resect prostate tissue.
This robot provides the surgeon with a total of ten degrees of freedom (DOF) that must be simultaneously coordinated, including endoscope orientation (3 DOF), endoscope insertion (1 DOF), as well as the tip position of each concentric tube manipulator (3 DOF per manipulator). In [3], a simple user interface was employed that involved thumb joysticks (which also had pushbutton capability) and a unidirectional index finger trigger, as shown in Figure 2 (Left). The thumb joysticks were mapped to manipulator tip motion in the plane of the endoscope image, and the trigger was used for motion perpendicular to the plane. Whether the finger trigger extended or retracted the tip of the concentric tube manipulator was toggled via the pushbutton capability of the thumb joystick. While surgeons could learn this mapping with some effort, and were able to use it to accomplish a cadaver study, the experiments made clear that further work was needed in creating an intuitive user interface — particularly with respect to how motion perpendicular to the image plane is controlled. This paper describes a first step toward improving the user interface; we integrate a bidirectional dial input in place of the unidirectional index finger trigger, so that extension and retraction perpendicular to the image plane can be controlled without the need for a pushbutton toggle. In this paper we describe the design of this dial input and present the results of a user study comparing it to the interface in [3].
Development of Spiral Device for Closed Reduction of Facial Bone Fracture
Authors: Lee Hoyul , Moon Youngjin , Jeong Woo Shik , Choi Jong Woo , Choi Jaesoon 
Published: October 2017

Bicoronal approach is commonly used to repair intracranial trauma [1,2]. However, this approach requires long operation time and may lead to a long-lasting visible scar. In addition, patients stay in the hospital for several days. Therefore the demand for minimally invasive operation technique is increasing for reduction of facial bone fracture.
Yoo et al. reported closed reduction technique using a thread-tapper device [3]. This method uses the tapper as a tool to make a thread of screw tightening a bolt. The method needs small incision. By pulling out the tapper, the depressed bone segment can be easily recovered.
Another method is to use a hook. This device can be inserted into a small hole in the skin [4]. The screw is used for reducing multi-fragmented segments of anterior wall of frontal sinus. Two or more small screws are inserted into fragmented segments, and then pulled out simultaneously [5]. These closed reduction surgical devices have advantages of reducing operation time and scars, and quickening recovery. However, they can be only applied if the tapper or screw can be inserted into the depressed bone segments.
In this technical brief, we propose a spiral tool and pulling mechanism for closed reduction facial bone fracture. Using prototypes, we present that the suggested surgical tool and mechanism are good alternatives for reduction of facial bone.
Shear Driven Micro-Fluidic Pump for Cardiovascular Applications
Authors: Daidzic Nihad E. 
Published: October 2017

A valveless shear-driven micro-fluidic pump design (SDMFP) for hemodynamic applications is presented in this work. One of the possible medical and biomedical applications is in-vivo hemodynamic (human blood circulation) support/assist. One or more SDMFPs can be inserted/implanted into vascular lumens in a form of a stent/duct in series and/or in parallel (bypass duct) to support blood circulation in-vivo. A comprehensive review of various micro-pump designs up to about mid 2000’s is given in [1,2]. Many of micropump designs considered are not suitable for in-vivo or even in-vitro medical/biomedical applications.
Operating principles, design, and SDMFP features are given in [3]. A particular design used in cardiovascular applications has no moving valves. SDMFP with Gourney-flap type valves to support high-pressure applications are developed for other applications. SDMFP could be fully bi-directional and can control its operation on the run using embedded microcontrollers and sensors. Estimated efficiency is high with low leakage resulting in low power consumption. Proprietary “fish-scale” surface coating ShearQ™ designs are implemented to improve unidirectional flow pumping efficiency. Bi-directional feature may be especially critical when clogging of blood vessels is detected. By automatically and temporarily switching into the reverse-mode operation and retrogressive flow, while inducing suction-head for a short time periods it is hoped that possibly blood conduits can be cleared/unclogged and the normal forward-flow operation resumed. Such may be an important feature if SDMFP is used in-vivo, such as, in coronary arteries which are prone to clogging leading to cardiac-arrest.
Measurement of Syringe Needle Forces for a Haptic Robotic Training Device
Authors: Pepley David , Yovanoff Mary , Mirkin Katelin , Miller Scarlett , Han David , Moore Jason 
Published: October 2017

Medical simulation plays a critical role in the training of surgical and medical residents. Training simulators give residents an environment to practice a wide variety of procedures where they can learn and make mistakes without harming a living patient [1]. In recent years, much research has been conducted on applying haptic or force feedback technology to surgical simulators in order to create more effective training devices [2]. Simulators such as the LapSim (laparoscopic simulator) and the PalpSim (palpitation needle insertion simulator) have both utilized haptic feedback arms to provide the physical sensation of performing surgical procedures to the user [3, 4]. The haptic simulator shown in Fig. 1 is currently in development. This virtual reality haptic robotic simulator for central venous catheterization (CVC) utilizes a haptic feedback arm to provide the feeling of a syringe being inserted into neck tissue [5].
Currently, there is little experimental data relating needle force to depth. To determine the forces necessary to program into the haptic robotic device, a force sensing syringe was developed and cadaver experiments were performed. This paper presents the development of a syringe which can accurately measure needle insertion force and the proceeding experiments conducted using this device on a fresh frozen cadaver. The results of these cadaver needle insertions are characterized into force profiles for needle insertion force that are implemented into the haptic based CVC simulator.
Ureterovesical Junction Competence Depends on Ureteral Orifice More Than Intravesical Tunnel Length
Authors: Tong Junfei , Villanueva Carlos A. , Nelson Carl , Gu Linxia 
Published: October 2017

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the backward flow of urine from the bladder into the kidneys. There are many reasons for this reflux. In 1959, Paquin recommended a tunnel length 5 times the diameter of the ureter to prevent VUR based on anatomical comparisons of postmortem specimens of patients with and without VUR [1]. This has become the standard for current ureteral reimplantation surgery. In 1969, Lyon proposed that the shape of the ureteral orifice was more important than the intravesical tunnel for ureterovesical junction (UVJ) competence [2]. However, this was only considered as a supplement to Paquin’s theory. Lyon’s theory might come into play when using bulking agents to affect the shape and configuration of the ureteral orifice but is not directly taken into consideration during surgical ureteral reimplants. Since Paquin and Lyon, little research has looked at parameters regulating the prevention of VUR or leaking from Mitrofanoff type conduits. A case-control study of megaureter reimplants with and without ureteral tailoring demonstrated equivalent outcomes [3], raising concerns about the validity of the 5:1 rule. Most recently, Villanueva et al. reported that the tunnel length of ureter, which can be modified depending on different surgery cases, is not strictly required to have a 5:1 ratio of the diameter to the length [4]. Accurate quantification of the parameters that affect the ureter mechanics is helpful to improve surgical technique.
The aim of this work was to quantitatively inspect Lyon’s theory, i.e., the relationship of intravesical tunnel length and orifice shape with respect to VUR by measuring the pressure required to collapse the ureter for preventing backflow. An enhanced three-dimensional (3D) numerical model was developed considering the interaction between the ureteral orifice and the bladder wall. Parametric studies were then conducted to determine the sensitivity of UVJ competence to the spatial configuration of the intravesical tunnel as well as the ureteral orifice (UO). Two common ureteral orifice shapes, “golf” and “volcano,” as well as different intravesical ureteral tunnel length/diameter ratios, were examined. The required closure pressure was then compared.
Novel Device to Accurately Locate Femoral Insertion Landmark in Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) Reconstruction
Authors: Dey Roopam , Patnaik Sarthak , Sivarasu Sudesh 
Published: October 2017

Medial Patello Femoral Ligament (MPFL) is the main stabilizer of the patellar bone in the knee complex. This fan shaped ligament prevents lateral dislocations of patella, especially during the initial 30° of knee flexion as there is minimal bony support from femur on the lateral aspect of the patella [1–2]. Patella dislocations are one of the common knee joint pathologies and it has been reported that each dislocation of the patella induces micro-tears in the MPFL [3]. It has been also observed in previous studies that there exists a very high chance of patellar re-dislocations for those individuals who have experienced the dislocation once. Complete MPFL rupture occurs in 94% of the patients suffering from repeated patellar dislocations [3–4].
Out of the 130 various methods of MPFL reconstruction, the Double Bundle Procedure is the most commonly used as it provides a larger degree of pain-free range of motion [5–8]. Locating the exact drilling location on the medial aspect of the patella and the medial femur is a challenge for the surgeon and literature suggests that the current procedure leads to non-anatomical placement of the ligament [9]. A novel device has been developed (Pat-Rig) to address the issue of locating the exact drill locations of the ligament graft tunnels into the patella [10–12]. This paper addresses the second problem of locating the femoral landmark accurately.
Knee Frontal Plane Projection Angle: A Comparison Study Between Drop Vertical Jump and Step-Down Tests With Young Volleyball Athletes
Authors: Paz Gabriel Andrade , de Freitas Maia Marianna , Santana Haroldo Gualter , Miranda Humberto , Lima Vicente , Willson John D. 
Published: November 2017

Study Design:Observational study.Context:Altered frontal plane knee mechanics during dynamic tasks have been often associated with lower-extremity injuries. Strategies to decrease these risk factors and improve knee joint stability are often applied in rehabilitation and training environments.Objective:The purpose of this study was to compare knee joint frontal plane projection angles (FPPA) via 2-dimensional video analysis during drop vertical jump (DVJ) and step-down test (SDT) tasks in the preferred and nonpreferred limbs of young male and female volleyball players.Methods:A total of 60 young male (n = 29) and female (n = 31) volleyball players (13.6 [1.1] y, 62.2 [11.2] kg, and 170.8 [10] cm) participated in this study. Once the athletes were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria, limb preference was operationally defined as the preferred kicking leg or the foot used for stair climbing. In a randomized study design, participants were asked to perform a bilateral DVJ and unilateral step-down landing tasks for both preferred and nonpreferred limb. Kinematic analysis was performed via a 2-dimensional video recording of knee joint FPPA alignment.Results:No difference was noted in FFPA during DVJ and SDT tasks between preferred and nonpreferred limbs in both male and female groups (P > .05). The FFPA was significantly higher for both limbs during DVJ versus SDT in both groups (P ≤ .05), but it was not different between male and female athletes.Conclusions:Based on these findings, clinicians may expect young male and female volleyball athletes to demonstrate similar and symmetrical lower-extremity 2-dimensional knee joint FPPA values across screening tests intended to identify lower-extremity injury risk factors. However, greater FPPA values should be expected during the more dynamic DVJ task.
Trends in Antibiotic Susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus in Boston, Massachusetts, from 2000 to 2014
Authors: Kanjilal Sanjat , Sater Mohamad R. Abdul , Thayer Maile , Lagoudas Georgia K. , Kim Soohong , Blainey Paul C. , Grad Yonatan H. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

The rate of infection by methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) has declined over the past decade, but it is unclear whether this represents a decline in
S. aureus
infections overall. To evaluate the trends in the annual rates of infection by
S. aureus
subtypes and mean antibiotic resistance, we conducted a 15-year retrospective observational study at two tertiary care institutions in Boston, MA, of 31,753 adult inpatients with
S. aureus
isolated from clinical specimens. We inferred the gain and loss of methicillin resistance through genome sequencing of 180 isolates from 2016. The annual rates of infection by
S. aureus
declined from 2003 to 2014 by 4.2% (2.7% to 5.6%), attributable to an annual decline in MRSA of 10.9% (9.3% to 12.6%). Penicillin-susceptible
S. aureus
(PSSA) increased by 6.1% (4.2% to 8.1%) annually, and rates of methicillin-susceptible penicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MSSA) did not change. Resistance in
S. aureus
decreased from 2000 to 2014 by 0.8 antibiotics (0.7 to 0.8). Within common MRSA clonal complexes, 3/14 MSSA and 2/21 PSSA isolates arose from the loss of resistance-conferring genes. Overall, in two tertiary care institutions in Boston, MA, a decline in
S. aureus
infections has been accompanied by a shift toward increased antibiotic susceptibility. The rise in PSSA makes penicillin an increasingly viable treatment option.
Utility of Bartonella henselae IgM Western Blot Bands for Serodiagnosis of Cat Scratch Disease
Authors: Otsuyama Ken-ichiro , Tsuneoka Hidehiro , Yoshidomi Hiroka , Haraguchi Mio , Yanagihara Masashi , Tokuda Nobuko , Nojima Junzo , Ichihara Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the utility of Western blot (WB) bands of
Bartonella hensela
e in detecting anti-
B. henselae
immunoglobulin M (IgM) for serodiagnosis of cat scratch disease (CSD). IgM band patterns were examined using sera from 92 patients clinically suspected of having CSD and from 130 healthy individuals. Positive WB bands were observed in 49 (53.5%) of the 92 patient sera. Three bands at 8 to 10, 31 to 35, and 70 kDa were regarded as relevant for
B. henselae
because all of the positive sera yielded at least one of the three bands, and none of the healthy control sera showed reactivity to any of them. In contrast, the positive rate of the patient sera by conventional indirect fluorescence antibody assay (IFA) for
B. henselae
IgM was 28.3% (26/92) among the patients. These finding suggest that the IgM-WB assay, although cumbersome to perform, can be used for confirmatory diagnosis of CSD with no false positivity in the control sera. Purification of proteins in the specific bands may contribute to the development of an IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgM-ELISA) with improved specificity and sensitivity.
Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus Genomes and Expression Profiles in Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Borozan Ivan , Zapatka Marc , Frappier Lori , Ferretti Vincent 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a causative agent of a variety of lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and ∼9% of gastric carcinomas (GCs). An important question is whether particular EBV variants are more oncogenic than others, but conclusions are currently hampered by the lack of sequenced EBV genomes. Here, we contribute to this question by mining whole-genome sequences of 201 GCs to identify 13 EBV-positive GCs and by assembling 13 new EBV genome sequences, almost doubling the number of available GC-derived EBV genome sequences and providing the first non-Asian EBV genome sequences from GC. Whole-genome sequence comparisons of all EBV isolates sequenced to date (85 from tumors and 57 from healthy individuals) showed that most GC and NPC EBV isolates were closely related although American Caucasian GC samples were more distant, suggesting a geographical component. However, EBV GC isolates were found to contain some consistent changes in protein sequences regardless of geographical origin. In addition, transcriptome data available for eight of the EBV-positive GCs were analyzed to determine which EBV genes are expressed in GC. In addition to the expected latency proteins (EBNA1, LMP1, and LMP2A), specific subsets of lytic genes were consistently expressed that did not reflect a typical lytic or abortive lytic infection, suggesting a novel mechanism of EBV gene regulation in the context of GC. These results are consistent with a model in which a combination of specific latent and lytic EBV proteins promotes tumorigenesis.

IMPORTANCE
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a widespread virus that causes cancer, including gastric carcinoma (GC), in a small subset of individuals. An important question is whether particular EBV variants are more cancer associated than others, but more EBV sequences are required to address this question. Here, we have generated 13 new EBV genome sequences from GC, almost doubling the number of EBV sequences from GC isolates and providing the first EBV sequences from non-Asian GC. We further identify sequence changes in some EBV proteins common to GC isolates. In addition, gene expression analysis of eight of the EBV-positive GCs showed consistent expression of both the expected latency proteins and a subset of lytic proteins that was not consistent with typical lytic or abortive lytic expression. These results suggest that novel mechanisms activate expression of some EBV lytic proteins and that their expression may contribute to oncogenesis.