bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early diffusion-weighted MRI lesions after treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a prospective study
Authors: Platz Johannes , Wagner Marlies , Güresir Erdem , You Se-Jong , Konczalla Juergen , de Rochemont Richard du Mesnil , Berkefeld Joachim , Seifert Volker 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
Diffusion-weighted MRI was used to assess periprocedural lesion load after repair of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) by microsurgical clipping (MC) and endovascular coiling (EC).

METHODS
Patients with UIA were assigned to undergo MC or EC according to interdisciplinary consensus and underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) 1 day before and 1 day after aneurysm treatment. Newly detected lesions by DWI after treatment were the primary end point of this prospective study. Lesions detected by DWI were categorized as follows: A) 1–3 DWI spots < 10 mm, B) > 3 DWI spots < 10 mm, C) single DWI lesion > 10 mm, or D) DWI lesion related to surgical access.

RESULTS
Between 2010 and 2014, 99 cases were included. Sixty-two UIA were treated by MC and 37 by EC. There were no significant differences between groups in age, sex, aneurysm size, occurrence of multiple aneurysms in 1 patient, or presence of lesions detected by DWI before treatment. Aneurysms treated by EC were significantly more often located in the posterior circulation (p < 0.001). Diffusion-weighted MRI detected new lesions in 27 (43.5%) and 20 (54.1%) patients after MC and EC, respectively (not significant). The pattern of lesions detected by DWI varied significantly between groups (p < 0.001). Microembolic lesions (A and B) found on DWI were detected more frequently after EC (A, 14 cases; B, 5 cases) than after MC (A, 5 cases), whereas C and D were rare after EC (C, 1 case) and occurred more often after MC (C, 12 cases and D, 10 cases). No procedure-related unfavorable outcomes were detected.

CONCLUSIONS
According to the specific techniques, lesion patterns differ between MC and EC, whereas the frequency of new lesions found on DWI is similar after occlusion of UIA. In general, the lesion load was low in both groups, and lesions were clinically silent.
Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01490463 (clinicaltrials.gov)
Cortical plasticity catalyzed by prehabilitation enables extensive resection of brain tumors in eloquent areas
Authors: Rivera-Rivera Paola A. , Rios-Lago Marcos , Sanchez-Casarrubios Sandra , Salazar Osman , Yus Miguel , González-Hidalgo Mercedes , Sanz Ana , Avecillas-Chasin Josué , Alvarez-Linera Juan , Pascual-Leone Alvaro , Oliviero Antonio , Barcia Juan A. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
The extent of resection is the most important prognostic factor following brain glioma surgery. However, eloquent areas within tumors limit the extent of resection and, thus, critically affect outcomes. The authors hypothesized that presurgical suppression of the eloquent areas within a tumor by continuous cortical electrical stimulation, coupled with appropriate behavioral training (“prehabilitation”), would induce plastic reorganization and enable a more extensive resection.

METHODS
The authors report on 5 patients harboring gliomas involving eloquent brain areas within tumors as identified on intraoperative stimulation mapping. A grid of electrodes was placed over the residual tumor, and continuous cortical electrical stimulation was targeted to the functional areas. The stimulation intensity was adjusted daily to provoke a mild functional impairment while the function was intensively trained.

RESULTS
The stimulation intensity required to impair function increased progressively in all patients, and all underwent another operation a mean of 33.6 days later (range 27–37 days), when the maximal stimulation voltage in all active contacts induced no functional deficit. In all cases, a substantially more extensive resection of the tumor was possible. Intraoperative mapping and functional MRI demonstrated a plastic reorganization, and most previously demonstrated eloquent areas within the tumor were silent, while there was new functional activation of brain areas in the same region or toward the contralateral hemisphere.

CONCLUSIONS
Prehabilitation with continuous cortical electrical stimulation and appropriate behavioral training prior to surgery in patients with WHO Grade II and III gliomas affecting eloquent areas accelerate plastic changes. This can help maximize tumor resection and, thus, improve survival while maintaining function.
Primary versus revision transsphenoidal resection for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas: matched cohort study
Authors: Przybylowski Colin J. , Dallapiazza Robert F. , Williams Brian J. , Pomeraniec I. Jonathan , Xu Zhiyuan , Payne Spencer C. , Laws Edward R. , Jane John A. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
The object of this study was to compare the outcomes of primary and revision transsphenoidal resection (TSR) of nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFPMAs) using endoscopic methods.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 287 consecutive patients who had undergone endoscopic endonasal TSR for NFPMAs at their institution in the period from 2005 to 2011. Fifty patients who had undergone revision TSR were retrospectively matched for age, sex, and duration of follow-up to 46 patients who had undergone primary TSR. Medical and surgical complications were documented, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess rates of radiological progression-free survival (PFS).

RESULTS
The median follow-up periods were 45 and 46 months for the primary and revision TSR groups, respectively. There were no significant differences between the primary and revision groups in rates of new neurological deficit (0 in each), vascular injury (2% vs 0), postoperative CSF leak (6% vs 2%), transient diabetes insipidus (DI; 15% vs 12%), chronic DI (2% vs 2%), chronic sinusitis (4% vs 6%), meningitis (2% vs 2%), epistaxis (7% vs 0), or suprasellar hematoma formation (0 vs 2%). However, patients who underwent primary TSR had significantly higher rates of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH; 17% vs 4%, p = 0.04). Patients who underwent primary operations also had significantly higher rates of gross-total resection (GTR; 63% vs 28%, p < 0.01) and significantly lower rates of adjuvant radiotherapy (13% vs 42%, p < 0.01). Radiological PFS rates were similar at 2 years (98% vs 96%) and 5 years (87% vs 80%, p = 0.668, log-rank test).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients who underwent primary TSR of NFPMAs experienced higher rates of SIADH than those who underwent revision TSR. Patients who underwent revision TSR were less likely to have GTR of their tumor, although they still had a PFS rate similar to that in patients who underwent primary TSR. This finding may be attributable to an increased rate of adjuvant radiation treatment to subtotally resected tumors in the revision TSR group.
SOLAR CYCLE 25: ANOTHER MODERATE CYCLE?
Authors: Cameron R. H. , Jiang J. , Schüssler M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Surface flux transport simulations for the descending phase of Cycle 24 using random sources (emerging bipolar magnetic regions) with empirically determined scatter of their properties provide a prediction of the axial dipole moment during the upcoming activity minimum together with a realistic uncertainty range. The expectation value for the dipole moment around 2020 (2.5 ± 1.1 G) is comparable to that observed at the end of Cycle 23 (about 2 G). The empirical correlation between the dipole moment during solar minimum and the strength of the subsequent cycle thus suggests that Cycle 25 will be of moderate amplitude, not much higher than that of the current cycle. However, the intrinsic uncertainty of such predictions resulting from the random scatter of the source properties is considerable and fundamentally limits the reliability with which such predictions can be made before activity minimum is reached.
Effect of Vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation on neuropsychiatric symptoms and immune response in HIV-positive patients
Authors: Adhikari Prabha M. , Chowta Mukta N. , Ramapuram John T. , Rao Satish B. , Udupa Karthik , Acharya Sahana D. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Micronutrients such as B12 and folic acid deficiencies are found in higher number in HIV-infected patients. Objective: We conducted a study to examine the effect of Vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation on neuropsychiatric manifestations, CD4 count, and anthropometric measurements in HIV-positive patients. Materials and Methods: Three different groups of HIV patients, namely, HIV patients with tuberculosis, HIV patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations, and asymptomatic HIV patients with 50 patients in each group were included in the study. Baseline and follow-up CD4 count, anthropometric measurements, neuropsychiatric assessments, Vitamin B12, and folic acid estimation were done. Results: The prevalence of folic acid deficiency was 27.1% in Group I, 31.9% in Group II, and 23.4% in Group III. The prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency was 8.16% in Group I, 6.12% in Group II, and 4.16% in Group III. HIV patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations were noted to have the lowest mean mini–mental score. After the supplementation of vitamins, anthropometric measurements, MMSE as well as Hamilton depression scores, improved in all the three groups whereas Hamilton anxiety scores improved only in Group III. The CD4 count also improved in Groups I and II after the supplementation of vitamins. Conclusion: Folic acid deficiency was highest among neuropsychiatric patients. The majority of people who had a folic acid deficiency have shown improvement in their neuropsychiatric assessment scores as well as CD4 count after its supplementation.
Role of Nature in Creation of Iranian Myths
Authors: Dadvar Abolghasem , Rouzbahani Roya 
Published: May 2016

<p>Nature has always been an important element of myths and religions and had a different standing within ideologies. Because various factors have been involved in creation of myths, this research aims to clarify the role of nature in creation of Iranian myths. Generally, the structure of Iranian myth is a kind of belief in duality of nature, in human and in the conflict forces existing in the world which best are expressed in the continued conflict between good and evil forces. Iran is a country with varied natural geography and can be called the land of great conflicts, so this paper aims to investigate the role of nature in the creation of Iranian myths and determine the effective natural and mythological forces. Data gathered by the documentary method and the research was performed by a descriptive, adaptive and analysis method. According to the results, this research concludes that natural elements play a significant role in the Iranian myth.</p><p>llected through library-field. The subjects in this study consist of Payame Noor University staff of Hormozgan province.</p><p> </p><p>In this study, 54 staff of Bandar Abbas Payame Noor University were selected through random sampling. After gathering the required data through knowledge management questionnaire, knowledge management processes were measured based on the five dimensions such as the capture of knowledge, acquisition of knowledge, transmission of knowledge, creation of knowledge and application of knowledge. In order to provide for the reliability of the questionaire cronbachs alpha was used. In order to check the significance of the difference between responses descriptive and inferential statistics such as regression, one way anova and t test were run using SPSS version 20. The result show that the staff means score of knowledge management was 76/66±20/48. The result shows that there was a significant relationship between social capital and knowledge management. Also there was a significant relationship between social capital and the five components of knowledge management such as capture of knowledge, acquisition of knowledge, transmission of knowledge, creation of knowledge and application of knowledge. Also there was a significant relationship between human capital and the component of knowledge management.</p>
EXPORTAÇÕES, BALANÇA COMERCIAL E TAXA DE CÂMBIO NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DO PERÍODO 2000-2012
Authors: Machoski Eduarda , Caldarelli Carlos Eduardo , Gabardo da Câmara Márcia Regina 
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o comportamento da balança comercial brasileira no período de 2000 a 2012. Procura-se compreender os fatores principais que contribuíram de forma positiva para a evolução do saldo: o crescimento dos preços, a demanda externa das commodities e o crescimento da economia mundial. A análise dos resultados destaca o desempenho das exportações do país em um contexto de taxa de câmbio flexível, frente a movimentos de apreciação e depreciação da moeda doméstica durante o período de estudo. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que as empresas exportadoras brasileiras parecem ser beneficiadas por períodos de apreciação cambial. Além disso, demonstrou-se que a pauta exportadora do país está cada vez mais concentrada em produtos básicos, o que pode ser prejudicial ao seu dinamismo no futuro.
Mechanism of VHF H2 plasma production at high pressures
Authors: Chen Kuan-Chen , Chiu Kuo-Feng , Chen Chia-Fu , Lien Cheng-Yang , Tsai Yu-Jer , Lien Ting-Kuei , Ogiwara Kohei , Uchino Kiichiro , Kawai Yoshinobu 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
A VHF H2 plasma was produced by a narrow-gap discharge at high pressures, and the plasma parameters were examined with the Langmuir probe. A bi-Maxwellian electron distribution was observed near the discharge electrode at a discharge gap of 10 mm, while a Maxwellian distribution was seen near the center. When the discharge gap was 15 mm, electrons had a Maxwellian distribution independent of the position. It was found that there must be a threshold in the discharge gap for stochastic heating to occur. The plasma potential near the discharge electrode was higher than that near the center of the interelectrode gap, suggesting the existence of negative ions. The simulation using the plasma hybrid code was carried out. The spatial profiles of the density and temperature of electrons were similar to the experimental results. The plasma potential had a hill-like profile that was quite different from the measured one. The negative ion density was negligible.
Fabrication of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide films by decomposition of hexamethyldisilane with microwave discharge flow of Ar
Authors: Ito Haruhiko , Kumakura Motoki , Suzuki Tsuneo , Niibe Masahito , Kanda Kazuhiro , Saitoh Hidetoshi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide films have been fabricated by the decomposition of hexamethyldisilane with a microwave discharge flow of Ar. Mechanically hard films were obtained by applying radio-frequency (RF) bias voltages to the substrate. The atomic compositions of the films were analyzed by a combination of Rutherford backscattering and elastic recoil detection, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The chemical structure was analyzed by carbon-K near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, high-resolution XPS, and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy. The structural changes upon the application of RF bias were investigated, and the concentration of O atoms near the film surface was found to play a key role in the mechanical hardness of the present films.
Metal–organic chemical vapor deposition growth of β-FeSi2/Si composite powder via vapor–liquid–solid method and its photocatalytic properties
Authors: Akiyama Kensuke , Motoizumi Yuu , Funakubo Hiroshi , Irie Hiroshi , Matsumoto Yoshihisa 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Semiconducting iron disilicide (β-FeSi2) island grains of a few hundred nanometers in diameter were formed on the surface of Si powder by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition. On Au-coated Si powder, the Au–Si liquidus phase was obtained by melting the Si surface via the Au–Si eutectic reaction, which contributed to the formation of island grains. The dramatic decrease in the defect density in β-FeSi2, which was due to this growth mechanism, was confirmed by the photoluminescence properties. The β-FeSi2/Si composite powder could evolve hydrogen from formaldehyde aqueous solution under irradiation of visible light with wavelengths of 420–650 nm.
Hospitalization Trends for Airway Infections and In-Hospital Complications in Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Laager Rahel , Gregoriano Claudia , Hauser Stephanie , Koehler Henrik , Schuetz Philipp , Mueller Beat , Kutz Alexander 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceCleft lip or palate is a prevalent birth defect, occurring in approximately 1 to 2 per 1000 newborns and often necessitating numerous hospitalizations. Specific rates of hospitalization and complication are underexplored.ObjectiveTo assess the rates of airway infection–associated hospitalization, overall hospital admissions, in-hospital complications, and mortality among children with a cleft lip or palate.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide, population-based cohort study used in-hospital claims data from the Federal Statistical Office in Switzerland between 2012 and 2021. Participants included newborns with complete birth records born in a Swiss hospital. Data were analyzed from March to November 2023.ExposurePrevalent diagnosis of a cleft lip or palate at birth.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes of interest were monthly hospitalization rates for airway infections and any cause during the first 2 years of life in newborns with cleft lip or palate. In-hospital outcomes and mortality outcomes were also assessed, stratified by age and modality of surgical intervention.ResultsOf 857 806 newborns included, 1197 (0.1%) had a cleft lip and/or palate, including 170 (14.2%) with a cleft lip only, 493 (41.2%) with a cleft palate only, and 534 (44.6%) with cleft lip and palate. Newborns with cleft lip or palate were more likely to be male (55.8% vs 51.4%), with lower birth weight (mean [SD] weight, 3135.6 [650.8] g vs 3284.7 [560.7] g) and height (mean [SD] height, 48.6 [3.8] cm vs 49.3 [3.2] cm). During the 2-year follow-up, children with a cleft lip or palate showed higher incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for hospitalizations due to airway infections (IRR, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.98-2.73]) and for any reason (IRR, 3.72 [95% CI, 3.49-3.97]) compared with controls. Additionally, children with cleft lip or palate had a substantial increase in odds of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 17.97 [95% CI, 11.84-27.29]) and various complications, including the need for intubation (OR, 2.37 [95% CI, 1.95-2.87]), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR, 2.89 [95% CI, 1.81-4.63]), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR, 3.25 [95% CI, 2.21-4.78]), and respiratory support (OR, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.64-2.29]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this nationwide cohort study, the presence of cleft lip or palate was associated with increased hospitalization rates for respiratory infections and other causes, as well as poorer in-hospital outcomes and greater resource use.
Active Visual Art Therapy and Health Outcomes
Authors: Joschko Ronja , Klatte Caroline , Grabowska Weronika A. , Roll Stephanie , Berghöfer Anne , Willich Stefan N. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceArt therapy has a long-standing tradition in patient treatment. As scientific interest in its use has recently grown, a comprehensive assessment of active visual art therapy is crucial to understanding its potential benefits.ObjectiveTo assess the association of active visual art therapy with health outcomes across patient groups and comparators.Data SourcesThe systematic literature search included the Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, American Psychological Association PsycArticles, American Psychological Association PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, the German Clinical Trials Register, and ClinicalTrials.gov. No filters regarding language were applied. The search covered all dates before March 2021. Data analysis was conducted from April 24 to September 8, 2023.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials with any type of patient population comparing the intervention with any control not using active visual art therapy were included. Two researchers independently screened the abstracts and full texts.Data Extraction and SynthesisData extraction followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Data were synthesized using narrative summaries, forest plots, and random effects meta-analyses.Main Outcome and MeasuresIn line with the protocol, all outcome measures of the included studies were extracted.ResultsThe search identified 3104 records, of which 356 outcomes of 69 studies were included, with a total of approximately 4200 participants, aged 4 to 96 years, in the review. The meta-analyses included 50 studies and 217 outcomes of 2766 participants. Treatment indications included mental, neurological, and other somatic disorders, and prevention. Most outcome measures focused on depression, anxiety, self-esteem, social adjustment, and quality of life. Art therapy was associated with an improvement in 18% of the 217 outcomes compared with the controls (1%), while 81% showed no improvement. The standardized mean difference in the change from baseline of the meta-analyses of 0.38 (95% CI, 0.26-0.51) and posttest analysis of 0.19 (95% CI, 0.12-0.26) also indicated an improvement of outcomes associated with art therapy. Overall study quality was low.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, visual art therapy was associated with therapeutic benefits for some outcomes, although most studies were of low quality. Further good-quality studies are needed to provide additional insights for its best possible integration into routine care.