bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A machine learning classifier-based approach for diabetes mellitus risk prediction
Authors: B JAI KUMAR , Ranganathan Mohanasundaram 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Currently, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) can be life-threatening due to the dietary habits and lifestyle choices of individuals. Diabetes is characterised by elevated levels of glucose in the blood and an excess of protein in the blood. Poor eating habits and lifestyles are largely responsible for the rise in overweight, obesity, and various related conditions. This study investigated many diabetes-related risk forecasting techniques and algorithms. The eight machine learning (ML) algorithms used the diabetes dataset to test various prediction techniques, including a Support Vector Classifier, gradient-boosting, multilayer perceptron, random forest, K-nearest neighbors, logistic regression, extreme gradient boosting, and decision tree. To enhance the diabetic prediction ability of the model, we suggested using Feature Engineering (FE) and feature scaling. For our investigation, we utilized the Mendeley dataset on diabetes to assess the capacity of the model to predict diabetes. We developed a model by using Python programming and eight classification techniques. The Random Forest with 99.21%, Gradient Boosting with 99.61%, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and Decision Tree achieved the highest F1 score (99.81%), accuracy rate (99.80%), precision (99.81%), and recall (99.81%) of all classification approaches.
Projecting future changes in potato yield using machine learning techniques: a case study for Prince Edward Island, Canada
Authors: Tamayo-Vera Dania , Liu Kai , Bolufé-Röhler Antonio , Wang Xiuquan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Accurate prediction of potato yield is essential for informed agricultural decision-making, ensuring food security, and supporting farmers’ livelihoods. This is particularly critical in regions like Prince Edward Island (PEI), where potato production is not only a staple of local agriculture but also a cornerstone of the regional economy, accounting for a significant proportion of agricultural revenue and employment. Although machine learning algorithms have been extensively applied in agricultural yield prediction, previous studies have not fully leveraged the potential of capturing both short- and long-term dependencies. This research highlights the efficacy of integrating these temporal dependencies into machine learning models to enhance the accuracy of potato yield predictions. The methodology adopted in this research, including data collection, model selection, and scenario-based projections, can be applied to other regions and crops. Our projections for PEI toward the end of the century indicate a substantial decline in potato yields across different climate scenarios. Under the high-emission SSP5-8.5 scenario, our models predict a potential potato yield reduction of up to 70%. In contrast, the SSP1 and SSP2 scenarios suggest a more moderate decline in potato yield, ranging from 4% to 15%. These findings underscore the urgent need for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the adverse impacts on potato production. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of implementing adaptive farming practices to sustain potato yield in the face of climate change.
Isolation and characterization of arsenic resistant bacterial strian Kurthia gibsonii MKVVM3 IITBHU from Ganga river
Authors: Verma Manoj Kumar , Kesarwani Shiwangi , Singh Veer , Vamanu Emanuel , Mishra Vishal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An arsenite-oxidizing bacterium was isolated from the Ganga River, Varanasi, India. Phylogenetic analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the isolated strain as Kurthia gibsonii MKVVM3 IITBHU. The bacterial growth showed biofilm formation in the As (V) containing growth medium. The strain oxidized 100 mg l−1 of As (III) to As (V) in the initial 24 h of incubation. In the first two days, the arsenite oxidase gene amplified by Kurthia gibsonii MKVVM3 IITBHU lowered arsenic levels up to 95%. As (V) reductase gene expression present in the Kurthia gibsonii MKVVM3 IITBHU was involved in the conversion of As (V) into more soluble As (III). The isolate was short rods and it ranged from 500 to 1900 nm in length and 352.3 to 519.8 nm in width. The differences in pre and post As exposed Kurthia gibsonii MKVVM3 IITBHU in the Amide I area were linked to peptide bonds, C–H and C=O stretchings. These variations reflected the changes in the structure and makeup of the proteins, lipids and carbohydrates present in the cell wall. As (III) and As (V) exposed exhibited rougher surfaces 156.120 nm and 109.609 nm, respectively than the control (103.112 nm). Peak-to-peak height measurements were 940.66 nm for the control, 1246.833 nm and 703.125 nm for As (III) and As (V). These considerably significant changes support As remediation phenomena by bacterial isolate.
FacekeyID: an adaptive weighted sum score-based fusion framework for continuous user authentication
Authors: S Ayeswarya , K John Singh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
User authentication has become a crucial service in the digital world as the threats of impostors continue to emerge. Traditional methods of authentication fail to provide full assurance as they can be bypassed by skilled attackers. Additionally, existing systems suffer from repeated login issues that hamper the user experience. Biometric user authentication has emerged as a potential alternative to other schemes and has proven to provide adequate security. This paper proposes a continuous authentication system using multimodal biometrics based on face and keystroke dynamics. A novel Adaptive Weighted Sum Score Fusion (AWSSF) approach is introduced, which considers environmental factors and the user's profile in addition to the biometrics employed in the decision process. Compared to existing approaches, the proposed system is assessed and determined to be non-intrusive and user-friendly, achieving a 3.02% equal error rate.
A simple, rapid, and low-cost approach for colloidal nanoparticle-based surface enhanced Raman Scattering detection of endosulfan pesticide at trace levels
Authors: Falamas A , Brezestean I A , Tosa N , Boca S , Farcau C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly specific, sensitive, and portable technique with great potential for on-site pesticide detection and monitoring. Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide known for its high toxicity, slow degradation, and bioaccumulation, has poor affinity for metallic SERS substrates. This study presents a label-free SERS detection method for endosulfan, using aggregating agents like potassium chloride (KCl), potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium bromide (KBr), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to modify the behavior of Ag colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) and enhance the SERS signal of endosulfan molecules trapped within formed hot-spots. We analyzed the UV–Vis spectra, the hydrodynamic diameter, and zeta-potential of Ag NPs with the addition of these agents and endosulfan. Successful detection of both α- and ß- endosulfan isomers at μM concentrations in both ethanol and methanol was achieved with KOH-treated Ag NPs. The method was also applied to detect endosulfan in real water samples, along with simultaneous detection of λ-cyhalothrin, showcasing its capability to identify multiple analytes. The selectivity and specificity were confirmed using a mixture of endosulfan and thiabendazole, highlighting the crucial role of selecting the appropriate aggregating agent for each analyte. Overall, the findings emphasize the potential of aggregating agents to mediate the SERS enhancement of endosulfan, facilitating simple and rapid protocols for environmental pollutant detection, while shedding light on the intricate interplay between NP behavior, surface chemistry, and analyte interaction.
Aristotle's Practical Epistemology
Authors: Jagannathan Dhananjay 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAristotle’s Practical Epistemology presents a novel interpretation of Aristotle’s influential account of practical wisdom (phronēsis) by situating the topic within his broader theory of ethical knowledge. Interpreters have long struggled to make sense of the disparate features Aristotle seems to attribute to practical wisdom, particularly its role in bringing about individual choices and actions that fulfill the demands of the virtues of character and its status as an intellectual excellence or virtue of thought that is the analog, in the domain of ethical action, of theoretical wisdom (sophia) and craft (tekhnē), in their respective domains. The main contention of the book is that these features can be united when we see that phronēsis is a distinctively practical form of understanding. The book begins from the idea that Aristotle first establishes that we have ground-level ethical knowledge, described in the Nicomachean Ethics as ethical experience (empeiria), as a result of a decent upbringing, before identifying practical wisdom as a deeper form of understanding. This understanding involves a grasp of explanations, just as theoretical wisdom and craft do, yet it does not consist in a form of scientific or theoretical knowledge, which would be detached from practice. Rather, the understanding of the personal of practical wisdom involves grasping the goals that are characteristic of the several virtues of character—justice, courage, generosity, and the like—in such a way that they can be brought to bear on particular contexts of deliberation. That comprehensive perspective is why Aristotle thinks of practical wisdom as the same understanding as political wisdom.
The Nature of the Virtues of Thought
Authors: Jagannathan Dhananjay 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter addresses the question of why Aristotle’s explicit treatment of practical wisdom is embedded in an inquiry into the virtues of thought in Nicomachean Ethics Book VI. Why, in other words, does Aristotle treat practical wisdom as analogous or parallel to craft-understanding (tekhnē) and theoretical wisdom (sophia). The chapter answers that practical wisdom is, like these other states, an excellence by which we achieve the truth, which is the general task of the intellect. To have practical wisdom, then, requires the ability to pursue practical truth on one’s own, without the guidance of another. The chapter labels this idea the Independent Agency Criterion, traces how Aristotle develops the idea over the course of NE Book VI, and shows that the idea explains both the superiority of practical wisdom to ethical experience in deliberation and points toward the political dimensions of Aristotle’s claims.
Practical Understanding and Ethical Science
Authors: Jagannathan Dhananjay 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter argues that the idea that phronēsis is practical understanding need not—and should not—commit us to thinking that it is scientific in character or that it partly consists of scientific knowledge (epistēmē). The chapter identifies this scientific view of practical wisdom as “intellectualism.” The chapter first offers a general argument against the intellectualist position and clarifies that the difference between the view of this book and the intellectualist view is not merely terminological. It then explains how Aristotle’s conception of practical reasoning provides decisive arguments against the most straightforward version of the intellectualist position, before arguing against more moderate intellectualist positions that hold that ethics is an inexact or stochastic science. The chapter concludes by drawing on a useful distinction, found in the medieval scholastic Albert the Great’s work, between teaching-knowledge and user-knowledge in ethics.
Knowledge of Practical Universals
Authors: Jagannathan Dhananjay 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter takes up the question of what exactly the understanding of the person of practical wisdom is. The chapter takes up the idea developed earlier in the book that it is a grasp of the characteristic ends or goals of virtuous actions that marks out the practically wise, a claim that is difficult to evaluate without a more detailed analysis of the relationship between virtuous goals and virtuous choices. The chapter argues that a grasp of these overarching virtuous ends or is essential to good deliberation by showing how this idea would apply in the case of a specific Aristotelian virtue: justice (in the particular sense).
Further Alternatives to the Practical Epistemology of theNicomachean Ethics
Authors: Jagannathan Dhananjay 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis Appendix returns to and expands upon the inquiry of Chapter 1 to show that Aristotle’s conception of ethical experience (empeiria) can be fruitfully contrasted with two further possibilities that also form part of the intellectual context of the Nicomachean Ethics. One of these is the view we find articulated by the Eleatic Visitor in the opening pages of Plato’s Statesman, which represents ordinary practical knowledge as intuitive know-how. The other view is found in a difficult passage at the end of Aristotle’s own Eudemian Ethics (VIII.3), where ordinary ethical knowledge is represented as a sort of prudence about what is advantageous or beneficial to human beings. The consideration of these further alternatives in this Appendix not only clarifies the place of the Nicomachean view of ethical experience in its own intellectual context, but it also helps us to discern the philosophical motivations behind this view.
The association between loneliness and frailty among community-dwelling older adults in five European countries: a longitudinal study
Authors: Ye Lizhen , Bally Esmee , Korenhof Sophie A , Fierloos Irene , Alhambra Borrás Tamara , Clough Gary , Raat Hein , van Grieken Amy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Loneliness is described as the subjective experience of unfulfilled personal and social needs, with emotional and social domains. Frailty is a state of vulnerability to stressors, which is often characterised by impairment in the physical, psychological and/or social domain.

Objective
This study aims to examine the bidirectional association between loneliness and frailty across the different domains.

Methods
The study included 1735 older adults from the Urban Health Centres Europe project. Loneliness was assessed using the six-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Frailty was assessed by the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. Multivariate linear regression and cross-lagged panel models were used to explore the associations between the social and emotional loneliness dimensions and overall, physical, psychological and social frailty.

Results
A bidirectional association existed between overall loneliness and overall frailty (loneliness to frailty: β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.15; frailty to loneliness: β = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.10). Higher levels of overall loneliness at baseline were associated with higher levels of psychological frailty at follow-up (β = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.10). The reverse association was not significant. A bidirectional association existed between overall loneliness and social frailty (loneliness to social frailty: β = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.10; social frailty to loneliness: β = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.09).

Conclusion
This study confirms the importance of addressing loneliness among older adults. Interventions that increase social support, exercise engagement and promote healthy behaviours may be effective in reducing the risk of frailty among older adults and simultaneously preventing loneliness.
Telomere length and 4-year changes in cognitive function in an older Mediterranean population at high risk of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Fernández de la Puente María , Marti Amelia , Canudas Silvia , Zalba Guillermo , Razquin Cristina , Boccardi Virginia , Mecocci Patrizia , Babio Nancy , Castañer-Niño Olga , Toledo Estefanía , Buil-Cosiales Pilar , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , García-Calzón Sonia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Cognitive decline, a common process of brain ageing, has been associated with telomere length (TL). Delving into the identification of reliable biomarkers of brain ageing is essential to prevent accelerated cognitive impairment.

Methods
We selected 317 non-smoking ‘Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea-Plus’ (PREDIMED-Plus) participants (mean age, 65.8 ± 5.0 years) with metabolic syndrome from two trial centres who were following a lifestyle intervention. We measured TL and cognitive function at baseline and after 3 and 4 years of follow-up, respectively. Associations between baseline or 3-year changes in TL and baseline or 4-year changes in cognitive function were analysed using multivariable regression models.

Results
Baseline TL was not associated with baseline cognitive performance. Nevertheless, longer baseline TL was associated with improved 4-year changes in the Executive Function domain (β: 0.29; 95%CI: 0.12 to 0.44; P &lt; 0.001) and the Global Cognitive Function domain (β: 0.19; 95%CI: 0.05 to 0.34; P = 0.010). Besides, a positive association was found between longer baseline TL and improved 4-year changes in the animal version of the Verbal Fluency Test (β: 0.33; 95%CI: 0.12 to 0.52; P = 0.002). By contrast, 3-year changes in TL were not associated with changes in cognitive function after 4 years.

Conclusions
Longer baseline TL could protect from cognitive decline and be used as a useful biomarker of brain ageing function in an older Mediterranean population at risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment.
Defending Modal Platonism: Reply to Builes
Authors: Tugby Matthew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In a recent article, David Builes (forthcoming, Analysis) argues that one should not try to combine a Platonic account of properties with the recently popular grounding theory of powers, as proposed in Tugby’s Putting Properties First. According to Builes, Aristotelian or nominalist theories of properties are better placed to meet the explanatory demands of the grounding theory of powers. In this reply, I cast doubt on Builes’s argument.
Development of biocatalysts for high-value-added compounds
Authors: Usami Atsushi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
High-value-added compounds, such as monoterpenoids, are important industrial targets because they are an essential group of compounds for pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Meanwhile, the depletion of natural resources and climate change demands sustainable production methods. In recent years, biocatalysis, which allows microbial bioproduction by regio- and stereo-selective reaction under mild conditions, has been attracted researchers’ attention as a possible alternative to conventional methods. In this mini-review, we focus on the identification of biotransformation pathways in the non-model microorganism Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5 using geraniol, a representative monoterpenoid, and on the construction of an unconventional bioproduction method for high-value-added monoterpenoid (E)-geranic acid, which has great potential for industrial applications. This method offers a more environmentally friendly approach and insights contribute to optimizing biotransformation and bioproduction strategies for high-value-added compounds.
An immune challenge induces a decline in parental effort and compensation by the mate
Authors: Martínez-Flores Alejandro , Montoya Bibiana , Torres Roxana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Immune defense is fundamental to diminish the negative effects of the attack of infectious agents, yet the activation of the immune system entails costs and may compromise other life-history traits such as reproduction. In reproductive brown booby pairs (Sula leucogaster), we experimentally imposed an immune challenge during incubation, by intraperitoneally injecting Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in either the male or the female. We aimed to test whether activation of the immune response results in (1) an increase in oxidative stress parameters, (2) a decline in post-hatching parental care in the treated individual, and (3) a compensation of the post-hatching parental effort by the nontreated mate. We found that activation of the immune response during incubation did not increase oxidative damage to lipids or total antioxidant capacity. However, mounting an immune response compromised parental effort during the chick-rearing period: compared to controls, LPS-treated parents showed roughly a 50% decline in the rate of preening and offspring feeding in response to begging. Interestingly, mates of LPS-treated parents increased their feeding rate suggesting parental care compensation. According to a scenario of full compensation, the decline in parental effort of LPS-treated parents did not result in poorer offspring growth or immune response, or increased levels of oxidative stress parameters. These findings suggest that in a long-lived species with long-lasting biparental care, an immune challenge compromises parental care, favoring parental compensation as a strategy to mitigate costs in terms of offspring success.
MNBC: a multithreaded Minimizer-based Naïve Bayes Classifier for improved metagenomic sequence classification
Authors: Lu Ruipeng , Dumonceaux Tim , Anzar Muhammad , Zovoilis Athanasios , Antonation Kym , Barker Dillon , Corbett Cindi , Nadon Celine , Robertson James , Eagle Shannon H C , Lung Oliver , Rudar Josip , Surujballi Om , Laing Chad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Motivation
State-of-the-art tools for classifying metagenomic sequencing reads provide both rapid and accurate options, although the combination of both in a single tool is a constantly improving area of research. The machine learning-based Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) approach provides a theoretical basis for accurate classification of all reads in a sample.

Results
We developed the multithreaded Minimizer-based Naïve Bayes Classifier (MNBC) tool to improve the NBC approach by applying minimizers, as well as plurality voting for closely related classification scores. A standard reference- and test-sequence framework using simulated variable-length reads benchmarked MNBC with six other state-of-the-art tools: MetaMaps, Ganon, Kraken2, KrakenUniq, CLARK, and Centrifuge. We also applied MNBC to the “marine” and “strain-madness” short-read metagenomic datasets in the Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation (CAMI) II challenge using a corresponding database from the time. MNBC efficiently identified reads from unknown microorganisms, and exhibited the highest species- and genus-level precision and recall on short reads, as well as the highest species-level precision on long reads. It also achieved the highest accuracy on the “strain-madness” dataset.

Availability and implementation
MNBC is freely available at: https://github.com/ComputationalPathogens/MNBC.
On the degrees of freedom of the smoothing parameter
Authors: Säfken B , Kneib T , Wood S N 
Published: October 2024

Summary
The smoothing parameters in a semiparametric model are estimated based on criteria such as generalized cross-validation or restricted maximum likelihood. As these parameters are estimated in a data-driven manner, they influence the degrees of freedom of a semiparametric model, based on Stein’s lemma. This allows us to associate parts of the degrees of freedom of a semiparametric model with the smoothing parameters. A framework is introduced that enables these degrees of freedom of the smoothing parameters to be derived analytically, based on the implicit function theorem. The degrees of freedom of the smoothing parameters are efficient to compute and have a geometrical interpretation. The practical importance of this finding is highlighted by a simulation study and an application, showing that ignoring the degrees of freedom of the smoothing parameters in Akaike information criterion-based model selection leads to an increase in the post-selection prediction error.