bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of three targeted approaches to screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm based on cardiovascular risk
Authors: Jones G T , Hill B G , Curtis N , Kabir T D , Wong L E , Tilyard M W , Williams M J A , van Rij A M 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) continues to be a significant health burden yet few countries have implemented a comprehensive screening programme. Screening typically places emphasis on men aged over 65 years; however, there is concern that other at-risk groups may be underidentified. The present study examined three potential screening strategies based on cardiovascular risk.

Methods
The prevalence of AAA was determined by abdominal ultrasound imaging in over 50-year-olds of either sex undergoing coronary angiography, vascular laboratory assessment of peripheral arterial disease, or community-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) event risk assessment. A fourth group, consisting of volunteers aged over 60 years who had no symptoms or signs of cardiovascular disease, was used as a comparator group.

Results
A total AAA prevalence of 4·4 per cent was detected across all three strategies (137 of 3142 individuals), compared with 1·0 per cent in the CVD-free group. Male sex, age and smoking were all associated with greater AAA prevalence. Although AAA prevalence was lowest using the community-based strategy, those with an AAA detected were on average 7 years younger than those with AAAs detected with the other two strategies (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Different strategies, based on CVD risk, resulted in AAA prevalence rates that were significantly greater than that in CVD-free individuals. This may provide opportunities for a targeted approach to community AAA screening in parts of the world where more sophisticated national screening programmes do not exist.
Extraction and preconcentration of residual solvents in pharmaceuticals using dynamic headspace–liquid phase microextraction and their determination by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection
Authors: Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Dehghani Hamideh , Yadeghari Adeleh , Khoshmaram Leila 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe present study describes a microextraction and determination method for analyzing residual solvents in pharmaceutical products using dynamic headspace–liquid phase microextraction technique followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. In this method dimethyl sulfoxide (μL level) placed into a GC liner‐shaped extraction vessel is used as a collection/extraction solvent. Then the liner is exposed to the headspace of a vial containing the sample solution. The effect of different parameters influencing the microextraction procedure including collection/extraction solvent type and its volume, ionic strength, extraction time, extraction temperature and concentration of NaOH solution used in dissolving the studied pharmaceuticals are investigated and optimized. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the method showed wide linear ranges between 0.5 and 5000 mg L−1. The other analytical parameters were obtained in the following ranges: enrichment factors 240–327, extraction recoveries 72–98% and limits of detection 0.1–0.8 mg L−1 in solution and 0.6–3.2 μg g−1 in solid. Relative standard deviations for the extraction of 100 mg L−1 of each analyte were obtained in the ranges of 4–7 and 5–8% for intra‐day (n = 6) and inter‐day (n = 4) respectively. Finally the target analytes were determined in different samples such as erythromycin, azithromycin, cefalexin, amoxicillin and co‐amoxiclav by the proposed method.
Working with Vulnerable Pregnant Women Who Are At Risk of Having their Babies Removed by the Child Protection Agency in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Everitt Louise , Homer Caroline , Fenwick Jennifer 
Published: July 2016

In this paper, midwives' experiences of working with vulnerable pregnant women who were subject to child protection orders in New South Wales, Australia, and faced the possible removal of their baby at birth, known as ‘assumption of care’, are described. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to explore the experiences of ten midwives who had been involved in some 91 episodes of assumption of care. In‐depth interviews were undertaken and thematic analysis was used to analyse the data‐set. Four themes were elicited that demonstrated how midwives worked with vulnerable women and Community Services during the antenatal period. These were labelled: Reporting – Taking the first step; The woman‐midwife relationship remains a priority; Jumping through the ‘community service’ hoops; and Crunch time: The decision… sometimes justifiable sometimes not? Even though the three‐way relationship between the woman‐midwife‐Community Services could be confrontational, it was essential that midwives worked in a positive way with Community Services to improve outcomes for the woman and her unborn child. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Experiences of ten midwives who had been involved in some 91 episodes of assumption of care’Key Practitioner Messages

Working effectively with Community Services is essential. Sharing information and developing multidisciplinary approaches and pathways will produce the best outcomes for vulnerable newborns and their mothers whilst at the same time supporting health and community workers to work in a cohesive manner to provide quality care.
Midwives need to be supported to stay ‘woman centred’. Keeping the woman engaged in the system will help ensure the health of the foetus (baby).
Further research is needed to explore the perspectives of all those involved in assumption of care.
‘Midwives need to be supported to stay ‘woman centred’’
Children and Violence Interactions: Exploring Intimate Partner Violence and Children's Experiences of Responses
Authors: Åkerlund Nina , Sandberg Linn J. 
Published: July 2016

While there is a growing research interest in the experiences of children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV), the role of children's social networks, other than the role of mothers, has been little discussed. The aim of this article is to study older children's stories of how they, and the adults in their social networks, respond to IPV. More specifically, we are interested in how older children describe both their own responses when exposed to IPV and responses from adults. This article focuses on the narratives of older children since they are often in a liminal position between adulthood and childhood, which may be consequential for their and others' responses to violence. The article shows that responses are interactional and that children's responses affect how adults respond. Our analysis suggests that adults are positioning children as either adult‐like and competent or vulnerable, and this impacts significantly on the support that they receive. In our data, there are, however, also examples of middle ways where children are positioned as vulnerable yet capable. This seems linked to children's abilities to communicate their own needs. Although the study sample is limited, our results point to the significance of gender for how children respond. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Focuses on the narratives of older children since they are often in a liminal position between adulthood and childhood’Key Practitioner Messages

Social network responses can be crucial to the disclosure, ending and continuation of IPV.
Awareness of exposure to IPV does not automatically result in responses that are beneficial to children's wellbeing.
Professionals need to be better at communicating with the social network.
Children's responses are contextual and protection and support should be designed according to children's individually varying needs.
‘Awareness of exposure to IPV does not automatically result in responses that are beneficial to children's wellbeing’
Is Group Singing Special? Health, Well‐Being and Social Bonds in Community‐Based Adult Education Classes
Authors: Pearce Eiluned , Launay Jacques , Machin Anna , Dunbar Robin I. M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEvidence demonstrates that group singing improves health and well‐being, but the precise mechanisms remain unknown. Given that cohesive social networks also positively influence health, we focus on the social aspects of singing, exploring whether improvements in health and well‐being are mediated by stronger social bonds, both to the group as a whole (collective‐bonding) and to individual classmates (relational‐bonding). To do so, seven newly formed community‐based adult education classes (four singing, N = 84, and three comparison classes studying creative writing or crafts, N = 51) were followed over seven months. Self‐report questionnaire data on mental and physical health, well‐being and social bonding were collected at Months 1, 3 and 7. We demonstrate that physical and mental health and satisfaction with life significantly improved over time in both conditions. Path analysis did not show any indirect effects via social bonding of Condition on health and well‐being. However, higher collective‐bonding at timepoint 3 significantly predicted increased flourishing, reduced anxiety and improved physical health independently of baseline levels. In contrast, relational‐bonding showed no such effects, suggesting that it is feeling part of a group that particularly yields health and well‐being benefits. Moreover, these results indicate that singing may not improve health and well‐being more than other types of activities. Nonetheless, these findings encourage further work to refine our understanding of the social aspects of community‐based adult education classes in promoting health, well‐being and community cohesion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants influencing conservation behaviour: Perceptions of Vietnamese consumers
Authors: Nguyen The Ninh , Lobo Antonio , Nguyen Hoang Long , Phan Thi Thu Hoai , Cao Tuan Khanh 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEnvironmental degradation is one of the most serious issues impacting our lives and those of future generations. In this respect, several studies on pro‐environmental behaviour have investigated the attitude–behaviour relationship of consumers. This study builds on previous models and examines the influence of four relevant determinants, i.e. consumers' perceptions associated with environmental concern, ecological effect, perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) and moral obligation on their pro‐environmental behaviour. The data were collected from consumers in Vietnam, where there are serious environmental issues. The findings suggest that all the four determinants influenced consumers' conservation behaviour, albeit each in varying strengths. The most influential determinant was PCE, followed by ecological effect, environmental concern and finally moral obligation. The findings of this study have important academic and practical implications. Government and private environmental and sustainability campaigners, especially in Vietnam, would be well advised to use these findings in developing and designing new policies and initiatives aimed at enhancing consumers' pro‐environmental behaviour. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elucidating the Reactivity of Vicinal Dicarbenoids: From Lewis Adduct Formation to B−C Bond Activation
Authors: Kelch Hauke , Kachel Stephanie , Celik Mehmet Ali , Schäfer Marius , Wennemann Benedikt , Radacki Krzysztof , Petrov Alex R. , Tamm Matthias , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe reactivity of the diaminoacetylene Pip‐C≡C‐Pip (Pip=piperidyl=NC5H10) towards phenyldichloro‐ and triphenylborane is presented. In the case of the less Lewis acidic PhBCl2, the first example of a double Lewis adduct of a vicinal dicarbenoid is reported. For the more Lewis acidic triphenylborane, coordination to the bifunctional carbene leads to a mild B−C bond activation, resulting in a syn‐1,2‐carboboration. Ensuing cis/trans isomerization yields a novel ethylene‐bridged frustrated Lewis pair (FLP). The compounds were characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, structural analysis, and mass spectrometry. Reactivity studies of both isomers with the N‐heterocyclic carbene 1,3‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene (IMe) aided in elucidating the proposed isomerization pathway. DFT calculations were carried out to elucidate the reaction mechanism. The rather low free energy of activation is consistent with the observation that the reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature.
Facile Synthetic Approach to a Large Variety of Soluble Diarenoperylenes
Authors: Zhang Gang , Rominger Frank , Zschieschang Ute , Klauk Hagen , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFused, extended π‐systems such as larger acenes and heteroacenes are interesting compounds for organic thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The larger the number of linearly cata‐fused rings, the lower the stability of the acenes. By peri‐fusion of additional rings, the stabilities can significantly be increased. Here we present a facile approach to use a diborylated dihydroanthracene as precursor to get diareno‐fused perylenes in just two steps in high yields. The compounds show pronounced packing in the crystalline states by π‐stacking. Promising candidates have been used to fabricate p‐channel TFTs by vacuum sublimation showing field‐effect mobilities up to 0.12 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Heme Orientation of Cavity Mutant Hemoglobins (His F8 → Gly) in Either α or β Subunits: Circular Dichroism, 1H NMR, and Resonance Raman Studies
Authors: Nagai Masako , Nagai Yukifumi , Aki Yayoi , Sakurai Hiroshi , Mizusawa Naoki , Ogura Takashi , Kitagawa Teizo , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Nagatomo Shigenori 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNative human adult hemoglobin (Hb A) has mostly normal orientation of heme, whereas recombinant Hb A (rHb A) expressed in E. coli contains both normal and reversed orientations of heme. Hb A with the normal heme exhibits positive circular dichroism (CD) bands at both the Soret and 260‐nm regions, while rHb A with the reversed heme shows a negative Soret and decreased 260‐nm CD bands. In order to examine involvement of the proximal histidine (His F8) of either α or β subunits in determining the heme orientation, we prepared two cavity mutant Hbs, rHb(αH87G) and rHb(βH92G), with substitution of glycine for His F8 in the presence of imidazole. CD spectra of both cavity mutant Hbs did not show a negative Soret band, but instead exhibited positive bands with strong intensity at the both Soret and 260‐nm regions, suggesting that the reversed heme scarcely exists in the cavity mutant Hbs. We confirmed by 1H NMR and resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopies that the cavity mutant Hbs have mainly the normal heme orientation in both the mutated and native subunits. These results indicate that the heme Fe‐His F8 linkage in both α and β subunits influences the heme orientation, and that the heme orientation of one type of subunit is related to the heme orientation of the complementary subunits to be the same. The present study showed that CD and RR spectroscopies also provided powerful tools for the examination of the heme rotational disorder of Hb A, in addition to the usual 1H NMR technique. Chirality 28:585–592, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Excited States of Xanthene Analogues: Photofragmentation and Calculations by CC2 and Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory
Authors: Kulesza Alexander Jan , Titov Evgenii , Daly Steven , Włodarczyk Radosław , Megow Jörg , Saalfrank Peter , Choi Chang Min , MacAleese Luke , Antoine Rodolphe , Dugourd Philippe 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAction spectroscopy has emerged as an analytical tool to probe excited states in the gas phase. Although comparison of gas‐phase absorption properties with quantum‐chemical calculations is, in principle, straightforward, popular methods often fail to describe many molecules of interest—such as xanthene analogues. We, therefore, face their nano‐ and picosecond laser‐induced photofragmentation with excited‐state computations by using the CC2 method and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Whereas the extracted absorption maxima agree with CC2 predictions, the TDDFT excitation energies are blueshifted. Lowering the amount of Hartree–Fock exchange in the DFT functional can reduce this shift but at the cost of changing the nature of the excited state. Additional bandwidth observed in the photofragmentation spectra is rationalized in terms of multiphoton processes. Observed fragmentation from higher‐lying excited states conforms to intense excited‐to‐excited state transitions calculated with CC2. The CC2 method is thus suitable for the comparison with photofragmentation in xanthene analogues.
The Conversion of Starch and Sugars into Branched C10 and C11 Hydrocarbons
Authors: Sutton Andrew D. , Kim Jin K. , Wu Ruilian , Hoyt Caroline B. , Kimball David B. , Silks Louis A. , Gordon John C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOligosaccharides, such as starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses, are abundant and easily obtainable bio‐derived materials that can potentially be used as precursors for fuels and chemical feedstocks. To access the pertinent molecular building blocks (i.e., 5‐ or 6‐carbon containing sugar units) located within these biopolymers and transform them into useful fuel precursors, oligosaccharide depolymerization followed by chain extension is required. This chain extension can readily be performed via a Garcia–Gonzalez‐like approach using β‐diketones under mild conditions to provide fuel precursors containing an increased carbon atom content that meets fuel requirements. In a subsequent step, ring opening and hydrodeoxygenation chemistry of these species allows for the preparation of branched alkanes under relatively mild conditions. This approach can be applied to monomeric sugars (glucose and xylose), oligosaccharides (starch), and potentially to hydrolyzed dedicated energy crops to allow the conversion of real biomass into fuel type molecules.
CSPGs inhibit axon branching by impairing mitochondria‐dependent regulation of actin dynamics and axonal translation
Authors: Sainath Rajiv , Ketschek Andrea , Grandi Leah , Gallo Gianluca 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTChondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) inhibit the formation of axon collateral branches. The regulation of the axonal cytoskeleton and mitochondria are important components of the mechanism of branching. Actin‐dependent axonal plasticity, reflected in the dynamics of axonal actin patches and filopodia, is greatest along segments of the axon populated by mitochondria. It is reported that CSPGs partially depolarize the membrane potential of axonal mitochondria, which impairs the dynamics of the axonal actin cytoskeleton and decreases the formation and duration of axonal filopodia, the first steps in the mechanism of branching. The effects of CSPGs on actin cytoskeletal dynamics are specific to axon segments populated by mitochondria. In contrast, CSPGs do not affect the microtubule content of axons, or the localization of microtubules into axonal filopodia, a required step in the mechanism of branch formation. It is also reported that CSPGs decrease the mitochondria‐dependent axonal translation of cortactin, an actin associated protein involved in branching. Finally, the inhibitory effects of CSPGs on axon branching, actin cytoskeletal dynamics and the axonal translation of cortactin are reversed by culturing neurons with acetyl‐l‐carnitine, which promotes mitochondrial respiration. Collectively these data indicate that CSPGs impair mitochondrial function in axons, an effect which contributes to the inhibition of axon branching. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 419–437, 2017
Prevention of eating disorders: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials
Authors: Watson Hunna J. , Joyce Tara , French Elizabeth , Willan Vivienne , Kane Robert T. , Tanner‐Smith Emily E. , McCormack Julie , Dawkins Hayley , Hoiles Kimberley J. , Egan Sarah J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis systematic review evaluated the efficacy of universal, selective, and indicated eating disorder prevention.MethodA systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Collaboration Library databases to January 2016. Studies were included if they were randomized, controlled trials (RCT) and tested an eating disorder prevention program. We retrieved 13 RCTs of universal prevention (N = 3,989 participants, 55% female, M age = 13.0 years), 85 RCTs of selective prevention (N = 11,949 participants, 99% female, M age = 17.6 years), and 8 RCTs of indicated prevention (N = 510 participants, 100% female, M age = 20.1 years). Meta‐analysis was performed with selective prevention trials. As there were a limited number of universal and indicated trials, narrative synthesis was conducted.ResultsMedia literacy had the most support for universal prevention. Most universal approaches showed significant modest effects on risk factors. Dissonance‐based was the best supported approach for selective prevention. Cognitive‐behavior therapy (CBT), a healthy weight program, media literacy, and psychoeducation, were also effective for selective prevention and effects were maintained at follow‐up. CBT was supported for indicated prevention and effects were maintained at follow‐up.DiscussionThe modest effects for universal prevention were likely due to floor effects. The evidence for selective prevention suggests that empirically supported approaches should be disseminated on a wider basis. Our findings suggest CBT should be offered for indicated populations. Overall, results suggest efficacy of several prevention programs for reducing risk for eating disorders, and that wider dissemination is required. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of diversity on community assembly in newly formed pond communities
Authors: Holmes Christopher J. , Figary Stephanie , Schulz Kimberly L. , Cáceres Carla E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTheory suggests that in a new habitat, initial levels of genetic or species diversity can influence subsequent community assembly. Nevertheless, empirical investigations of these diversity effects in newly created habitats remain rare at both the genetic and species level, especially for animal systems. To test this theory, we conducted a field experiment in which initial stocking diversity (both intra‐ and interspecific) of freshwater zooplankton in newly constructed pools was manipulated in a 2 × 2 fully factorial design. Zooplankton communities were sampled every 2 weeks from May to August in 2011 and 2012, and once in May of 2013 and 2014. Estimates of overland dispersal were measured in 2012. Despite theoretical predictions, we found no difference in taxonomic richness among stocking treatments after 4 yr. A total of 24 species was recorded in the experimental pool metacommunity, with average cumulative taxonomic richness ranging from 6.1 to 7.6 species per pool. Using dispersal traps, we found that dispersal of zooplankton was rapid, with eight taxa dispersing within 7 d; we found no difference in the number of dispersed propagules based on number of neighboring source pools. Despite theoretical predictions regarding diversity and community assembly, our study suggests that initial diversity may have no effect on early successional community species richness.