bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partially hydrolyzed guar gum suppresses binge alcohol‐induced liver fat accumulation via gut environment modulation in mice
Authors: Morishima So , Abe Aya , Okamoto Saki , Kapoor Mahendra P. , Osumi Masahide , Oda Machi , Okubo Tsutomu , Ozeki Makoto , Nishio Masahiro , Inoue Ryo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD), including alcoholic fatty liver, is a serious problem in many countries, and its economic costs to society are enormous. There is evidence indicating the relations between gut environments and liver disease, and thus, improvement of gut environment is expected to be an effective approach for ALD prevention. In this study, we explored the preventive effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) on ALD focusing on the gut–liver axis. Two weeks of PHGG pre‐feeding suppressed the liver fat accumulation in the experimental binge alcohol model mouse. In cecal microbiome, PHGG pre‐feeding increased beneficial Bifidobacterium with its metabolite acetate concentration and suppressed the alcohol‐induced increase in the potential pathobiont Streptococcus. PHGG pre‐feeding increased colonic gene expression of angiogenin genes, which act as antimicrobial peptides and decreased expression of genes for mast cell protease, which suggests a potential involvement in leaky gut. Correlation network analysis based on evaluated parameters revealed four relations worth noticing. (i) The abundance of Bifidobacterium positively correlated with cecal acetate. (ii) Cecal acetate negatively correlated with Streptococcus via colonic angiogenin expression. (iii) Streptococcus positively correlated with liver fat area. (iv) Cecal acetate had direct negative correlation with liver fat area. Considering these relations comprehensively, acetate produced by Bifidobacterium may be a key mediator in ALD prevention; it inhibited growth of potential pathobiont Streptococcus and also directly regulated liver lipid metabolism reaching through portal vein. This study demonstrated that regularly intake of PHGG may be effective in reducing the risk of alcoholic fatty liver via gut–liver axis.
A novel C2H2‐type zinc‐finger transcription factor, CitZAT4, regulates ethylene‐induced orange coloration in Satsuma mandarin flavedo (Citrus unshiu Marc.)
Authors: Sun Quan , He Zhengchen , Ye Junli , Wei Ranran , Feng Di , Zhang Yingzi , Chai Lijun , Cheng Yunjiang , Xu Qiang , Deng Xiuxin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTEthylene treatment promotes orange coloration in the flavedo of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruit, but the corresponding regulatory mechanism is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified a C2H2‐type zinc‐finger transcription factor, CitZAT4, the expression of which was markedly induced by ethylene. CitZAT4 directly binds to the CitPSY promoter and activates its expression, thereby promoting carotenoid biosynthesis. Transient expression in Satsuma mandarin fruit and stable transformation of citrus calli showed that overexpressing of CitZAT4 inhibited CitLCYE expression, thus inhibiting α‐branch yellow carotenoid (lutein) biosynthesis. CitZAT4 overexpression also enhanced the transcript levels of CitLCYB, CitHYD, and CitNCED2, promoting β‐branch orange carotenoid accumulation. Molecular biochemical assays, including yeast one‐hybrid (Y1H), electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP‐qPCR), and luciferase (LUC) assays, demonstrated that CitZAT4 directly binds to the promoters of its target genes and regulates their expression. An ethylene response factor, CitERF061, which is induced by ethylene signaling, was found to directly bound to the CitZAT4 promoter and induced its expression, thus positively regulating CitZAT4‐mediated orange coloration in citrus fruit. Together, our findings reveal that a CitZAT4‐mediated transcriptional cascade is driven by ethylene via CitERF061, linking ethylene signaling to carotenoid metabolism in promoting orange coloration in the flavedo of Satsuma mandarin fruit. The molecular regulatory mechanism revealed here represents a significant step toward developing strategies for improving the quality and economic efficiency of citrus crops.
Melatonin Regulates Rheumatoid Synovial Fibroblasts‐Related Inflammation: Implications for Pathological Skeletal Muscle Treatment
Authors: Su Chen‐Ming , Tsai Chun‐Hao , Chen Hsien‐Te , Wu Yi‐Syuan , Yang Shun‐Fa , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMelatonin has been reported to regulate circadian rhythms and have anti‐inflammatory characteristics in various inflammatory autoimmune diseases, but its effects in diseases‐associated muscle atrophy remain controversial. This study is aimed to determine the evidence of melatonin in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)‐related pathological muscle atrophy. We used initially bioinformatics results to show that melatonin regulated significantly the correlation between pro‐inflammation and myogenesis in RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF) and myoblasts. The conditioned medium (CM) from melatonin‐treated RASF was incubated in myoblasts with growth medium and differentiated medium to investigate the markers of pro‐inflammation, atrophy, and myogenesis. We found that melatonin regulated RASF CM‐induced pathological muscle pro‐inflammation and atrophy in myoblasts and differentiated myocytes through NF‐κB signaling pathways. We also showed for the first time that miR‐30c‐1‐3p is negatively regulated by three inflammatory cytokines in human RASF, which is associated with murine‐differentiated myocytes. Importantly, oral administration with melatonin in a collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model also significantly improved arthritic swelling, hind limb grip strength as well as pathological muscle atrophy. In conclusion, our study is the first to demonstrate not only the underlying mechanism whereby melatonin decreases pro‐inflammation in RA‐induced pathological muscle atrophy but also increases myogenesis in myoblasts and differentiated myocytes.
Following the leaders: Asymmetric party messaging in the U.S. Congress
Authors: Gaynor SoRelle Wyckoff 
Published: September 2024

AbstractToday, rank‐and‐file members are increasingly removed from the legislative process and often rely on congressional leaders for information to discuss major legislative decisions with constituents. As a result, preparing constituent communication materials has become an institutionalized responsibility for party and committee leaders, leading to a partisan discussion of legislation. Using a mixed‐methods approach of computational text analysis and elite interviews, I demonstrate how members of Congress use leader‐led, partisan messages for constituent communication. Echoing prior work on asymmetric partisanship, I find that Republican leaders are more likely to encourage party‐centric messaging, and rank‐and‐file Republicans, particularly in the House, are more likely to adopt party messaging. The findings illustrate the institutional power of party leaders in a centralized Congress, as well as the role that constituent communication plays in encouraging and maintaining asymmetric polarization.
Atlantic Forest primates and their main food resources
Authors: Vasquez Vagner Lacerda , Beltrão‐Mendes Raone , Pinto Míriam Plaza 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Primates are arboreal and semi‐arboreal species, highly dependent on vascular plants. Primate diets typically include plant parts, such as fruits and leaves. Knowledge of the most consumed items is essential for this highly threatened group, especially in the deforested and fragmented Atlantic Forest.

Our aim was to synthesise the knowledge about food resources of Atlantic Forest primates. We investigated the temporal and spatial distribution of studies with information on diet, the main taxa recorded as food resources, and the parts of plants most consumed by these primates.

We searched for published literature containing food resource records for primates in the Web of Science and screened Neotropical Primates volumes.

96% of the food records were from plants, mainly fruits (50%), leaves (31%) and flowers (14%). Most plant species, genera and families have few records. The families most recorded were Myrtaceae (n = 440) and Fabaceae (n = 392), and the genera were Eugenia (n = 123), Inga (n = 113), Ficus (n = 109) and Myrcia (n = 102). A few primate species with long‐standing conservation programs or population monitoring had the highest number of food resource records. Study sites generally cover only a small part of the geographic range of the primate species, indicating a geographic bias.

Our findings highlight the scarcity of research on the Atlantic Forest primate diet, which is especially concerning for threatened species such as Callithrix aurita and Leontopithecus caissara, which only had natural history notes on food resources, and Sapajus robustus, which had no records.

The information synthesised here can be useful for planning and executing more efficient Atlantic Forest restoration plans, considering the key plant species for the primate diet. We reinforce the need to conduct more research on the diets of Atlantic Forest primates, as this knowledge can contribute to the understanding of the plasticity and physiology of organisms.
Reaction qualifications in the eyes of the people: An experimental‐philosophical study based on US survey data
Authors: Pedersen Viki Møller Lyngby , Andersen Didde Boisen , Midtgaard Søren Flinch , Sønderskov Kim Mannemar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIs it fair for employers to select candidates partly based on how the employers think customers react to the candidates' appearances, that is, based on candidates' reaction qualifications? Both philosophically (in the literature on wrongful discrimination) and empirically, this question has recently been getting attention. Here, we focus on a theory of unfair disadvantages emphasizing (i) whether the possession of the appearance feature in question reflects choices on the part of the candidate and (ii) whether the appearance feature in question reflects values or convictions of importance to the candidate. We scrutinize the theory by evaluating how well these factors map on to folk intuitions about wrongful discrimination using an experimental‐philosophical approach and data from the United States. We do so on the presumption that coherence with folk intuitions is one desideratum for a philosophical theory and that attention should be given to potential discrepancies between philosophical theories and folk intuitions. Our central finding is that there is only general support for factor (i), not (ii), in the American population. Our study also adds to the extant empirical literature on reaction qualifications that tend to focus on the employer's side of the matter, not the candidate's as we do.
‘My body was no longer a problem’: Electric mountain biking, disability, and the cultural politics of green exercise
Authors: Cherrington Jim , Brighton James 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDisability is often overlooked in discussions of green exercise. Consequently, we still know little about how ableist ideologies might play out in the context of nature engagement, or the forms of pleasure that disabled people derive from participation in green spaces. In this paper, we address this gap in the literature by exploring the relationship between electric mountain biking and disability in England (UK). Adopting the work of Bernard Stiegler, we highlight the superficiality of existing ideologies of nature, analyse the myriad ways that e‐mountain bikes can challenge ableist attitudes towards outdoor recreation, and explore the freedoms and constraints that accompany the assemblages between e‐mountain bikes and ‘disabled’ bodies. Drawing on data from 20 online interviews, we highlight the social contexts and interactions that shape technological choices, adaptations, and outcomes within the disabled e‐mountain bike community. Our analysis reveals that, while e‐mountain bikes are stigmatised in green spaces, the enhanced level of social interaction that is afforded by the presence of such technology allows participants to de‐emphasise their perceived physical inadequacy and, instead, focus on promoting a more empowering image of the socio‐technical disabled body that is active, capable and self‐determined.
Heterogeneity of synaptic NMDA receptor responses within individual lamina I pain‐processing neurons across sex in rats and humans
Authors: Dedek Annemarie , Topcu Emine , Dedek Christopher , McDermott Jeff S. , Krajewski Jeffrey L. , Tsai Eve C. , Hildebrand Michael E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExcitatory glutamatergic NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are key regulators of spinal pain processing, and yet the biophysical properties of NMDARs in dorsal horn nociceptive neurons remain poorly understood. Despite the clinical implications, it is unknown whether the molecular and functional properties of synaptic NMDAR responses are conserved between males and females or translate from rodents to humans. To address these translational gaps, we systematically compared individual and averaged excitatory synaptic responses from lamina I pain‐processing neurons of adult Sprague–Dawley rats and human organ donors, including both sexes. By combining patch‐clamp recordings of outward miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents with non‐biased data analyses, we uncovered a wide range of decay constants of excitatory synaptic events within individual lamina I neurons. Decay constants of synaptic responses were distributed in a continuum from 1–20 ms to greater than 1000 ms, suggesting that individual lamina I neurons contain AMPA receptor (AMPAR)‐only as well as GluN2A‐, GluN2B‐ and GluN2D‐NMDAR‐dominated synaptic events. This intraneuronal heterogeneity in AMPAR‐ and NMDAR‐mediated decay kinetics was observed across sex and species. However, we discovered an increased relative contribution of GluN2A‐dominated NMDAR responses at human lamina I synapses compared with rodent synapses, suggesting a species difference relevant to NMDAR subunit‐targeting therapeutic approaches. The conserved heterogeneity in decay rates of excitatory synaptic events within individual lamina I pain‐processing neurons may enable synapse‐specific forms of plasticity and sensory integration within dorsal horn nociceptive networks.
imageKey points
Synaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in spinal dorsal horn nociceptive neurons are key regulators of pain processing, but it is unknown whether their functional properties are conserved between males and females or translate from rodents to humans.
In this study, we compared individual excitatory synaptic responses from lamina I pain‐processing neurons of male and female adult Sprague–Dawley rats and human organ donors.
Individual lamina I neurons from male and female rats and humans contain AMPA receptor‐only as well as GluN2A, GluN2B‐ and GluN2D‐NMDAR‐dominated synaptic events. This may enable synapse‐specific forms of plasticity and sensory integration within dorsal horn nociceptive networks.
Human lamina I synapses have an increased relative contribution of GluN2A‐dominated NMDAR responses compared with rodent synapses.
These results uncover a species difference relevant to NMDAR subunit‐targeting therapeutic approaches.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Diesel Engine Operating Parameters Under Highway Drive Conditions
Authors: Vinod Babu M. , Amba Prasad Rao G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Experimental and optimization work is carried out to study the effects of fuel injection pressure, boost pressure, pilot injection timing, pilot injection quantity, and main injection timing as input parameters. A four-cylinder, automotive model direct injection diesel engine, incorporated with a variable geometry turbocharger, was chosen for the experiment. Engine test runs are conducted at a driving condition of 80.3 N m torque and an engine speed of 1750 rpm, respectively, corresponding to highway driving conditions, using 10% of exhaust gases recirculated. The response surface methodology is employed to design experiments and analyze the experimental data to optimize engine parameters, considering the mentioned parameters as input parameters. A multi-objective response approach is adopted to optimize engine-operating parameters to obtain desired performance and engine-out emissions. Confirmatory tests are conducted at design conditions to validate the results predicted by the model. It is observed that for the chosen engine configuration, the optimum performance and emission characteristics could be obtained with 120 kPa boost pressure, 61.1 MPa fuel injection pressure, and 11.5% of total fuel amount as pilot injection and remaining as main injection quantity at 332 deg and 359 deg crank angle, respectively. Overall, fairly better engine performance was observed with the use of selected ranges. It is noted that with the procedures adopted, improved engine performance and a significant reduction in harmful emissions are obtained without using major add-ons. The investigation revealed excellent potential for a diesel engine to be an effective prime mover.
Reducing Laser Exposure Time of PBF-LB/P by Providing High Energy Without Thermal Degradation and Its Effect on Part Strength and Process Time
Authors: Yamauchi Yuki , Fujii Koichi , Kigure Takashi , Niino Toshiki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
One of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies for the production of end-use parts is powder bed fusion of polymer with laser beam (PBF-LB/P). This technology can reduce production costs by increasing process efficiency and production speed. As PBF-LB/P is a layer-wise additive manufacturing process, the production speed can be increased by reducing the layering time. Although some operations such as recoating are performed during the layering process, considerable time is spent on laser scanning. To reduce the laser exposure time while maintaining proper powder melting, a high-power beam should be irradiated to the powder layer to prevent energy shortage. However, as the laser beam power increases, the irradiance at the beam center increases significantly, causing powder degradation such as thermal decomposition or sublimation. In this study, an appropriate input energy range was determined by obtaining an input energy limit that does not cause powder deterioration via experimental observations and temperature estimations during the process. Furthermore, the influence of the scanning parameters on the mechanical properties of built specimens was investigated to reduce the layering time within an indicated range. Results show that the mechanical strength of the built parts decreases slightly as the scan spacing increases following the expansion of the beam diameter. This study also validated the effects of scanning parameters on layering time. As a result, by doubling the scan speed and spacing, the layering time can be reduced by up to 1/3.
Managing End-of-Life Photovoltaics: A Tripartite Approach of Technology, Economics, and Politics
Authors: Guo Qi , Rosti Firouz , Liu Qiu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on the challenges on managing end-of-life photovoltaic (PV) waste. This paper starts off by providing a comprehensive overview of solar PV panels, including monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film technologies. The exploration includes a discussion of their characteristics, manufacturing processes, and energy-material intensity. Additionally, the study outlines general PV recycling processes. It also summarizes the technologies that have been applied commercially for recycling crystalline silicon and thin-film PV. In the economics perspective, the paper discusses the PV recycling profitability in global and in U.S. markets. It also lists positive and negative policies impacting PV recycling. In the face of the recycling challenges, the paper underscores the critical need for collaborative efforts. Therefore, technology developers, economists, and policymakers should work collaboratively for advancing PV recycling industry.
Translation of HIV-1 unspliced RNA is regulated by 5′ untranslated region structure
Authors: Cheng Zetao , Islam Saiful , Kanlong Joseph G. , Sheppard Madeline , Seo Heewon , Nikolaitchik Olga A. , Kearse Michael G. , Pathak Vinay K. , Musier-Forsyth Karin , Hu Wei-Shau 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

HIV-1 must generate infectious virions to spread to new hosts and HIV-1 unspliced RNA (HIV-1 RNA) plays two central roles in this process. HIV-1 RNA serves as an mRNA that is translated to generate proteins essential for particle production and replication, and it is packaged into particles as the viral genome. HIV-1 uses several transcription start sites to generate multiple RNAs that differ by a few nucleotides at the 5′ end, including those with one (1G) or three (3G) 5′ guanosines. The virus relies on host machinery to translate its RNAs in a cap-dependent manner. Here, we demonstrate that the 5′ context of HIV-1 RNA affects the efficiency of translation both
in vitro
and in cells. Although both RNAs are competent for translation, 3G RNA is translated more efficiently than 1G RNA. The 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of 1G and 3G RNAs has previously been shown to fold into distinct structural ensembles. We show that HIV-1 mutants in which the 5′ UTR of 1G and 3G RNAs fold into similar structures were translated at similar efficiencies. Thus, the host machinery translates two 99.9% identical HIV-1 RNAs with different efficiencies, and the translation efficiency is regulated by the 5′ UTR structure.

IMPORTANCE
HIV-1 unspliced RNA contains all the viral genetic information and encodes virion structural proteins and enzymes. Thus, the unspliced RNA serves distinct roles as viral genome and translation template, both critical for viral replication. HIV-1 generates two major unspliced RNAs with a 2-nt difference at the 5′ end (3G RNA and 1G RNA). The 1G transcript is known to be preferentially packaged over the 3G transcript. Here, we showed that 3G RNA is favorably translated over 1G RNA based on its 5′ untranslated region (UTR) RNA structure. In HIV-1 mutants in which the two major transcripts have similar 5′ UTR structures, 1G and 3G RNAs are translated similarly. Therefore, HIV-1 generates two 9-kb RNAs with a 2-nt difference, each serving a distinct role dictated by differential 5′ UTR structures.