bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of pediatric visual acuity
Authors: Dubey Gaurav , Chandra Mahesh , Ranjan Ravi , Insan Satwinder Singh , Sharma Pratik , Pal Shamit , Singh Nalin 
Published: September 2024

The VA assessment of children within the different age groups is a very tough task somewhat due to of cooperation of children. However, the method of estimation of pediatric VA is based on different types of concern according to age. VA is a compound function of the minimum visibility, resolution, recognition and minimum discriminability. Sometimes the VA is hampered due to the types of refractive error and the initial correction of the error is also an important issue. The 5 to 6 years of age children with normal growth respond easily and they can be observed with the adult method but the youngest school-age children can be estimated with nonverbal methods. The growth of social and educational development of the children can retard due to acuity impairment but early detection and visual correction enhances the issue.The pathological disorders in childhood like corneal and lenticular disorders, macular degeneration, tumours, multiple sclerosis etc., turning of the eye from the standard called strabismus and it happens due to the reduction of the VA and the loss of binocular vision. Thus visual acuity is an approach for the assessment of ocular health along with the visual brain and its pathway.
A study to compare the prevalence of posterior capsular opacity between patients implanted with hydrophobic acrylic intra ocular lens (IOL) versus hydrophilic acrylic intra ocular lens (IOL) in the diabetic and non-diabetic group following cataract surgery: A hospital based prospective study
Authors: Sreneella Thirumalai , Bhava B Saravana , Vendhan K Ezhil , Devi S Sindhuja , Jeyaprakash B 
Published: September 2024

: To study and compare the prevalence of posterior capsular opacity between patients implanted with hydrophobic acrylic IOL versus hydrophilic acrylic IOL in the diabetic and non diabetic group following cataract surgery. All patients with senile cataracts, whether they had diabetes or not, who visited a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu between 2020 and 2022 were enrolled in this study after signing a written consent form. In this study, 200 patients underwent screening and were split into 4 equal groups.The PCO observation of patients in all 4 groups in the current study showed that Groups 3 and 4 with hydrophilic IOL found higher incidences of PCO than Groups 1 and 2 with hydrophobic IOL. In our study, more PCO was reported with hydrophilic IOL with known (Group 3) and unknown (Group 4) cases of diabetes. Regardless of the patient's level of diabetes during the course of a year-long follow-up, hydrophobic acrylic IOLs showed a greater decrease in PCO rates than hydrophilic acrylic IOLs.
A study on correlation between automatedperimetry and optical coherence tomography findings in glaucoma suspects
Authors: Muthyala Veena Vandana , Biradar Sunil G 
Published: September 2024

To evaluate the correlation between optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters of SD OCT scan of optic disc, and, visual field indices of Humphrey visual field analyzer. This is a prospective, cross-sectional study of 47 patients who are glaucoma suspects. They have been screened for glaucoma by comprehensive ophthalmic examination including visual field testing by automated perimetry and optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness changes assessment by optical coherence tomography. Mean age of the glaucoma suspects was 54.35 ± 10.6 years. Women were having higher (58.7%) mean age as compared to men (41.3%). Mean IOP in glaucoma suspects was 17.97 mmHg. The mean CD ratio was measured as 0.66 ± 0.11 and with significant negative correlation between the mean MD and CD ratio values (p&#60;0.05) and similarly between MD and Vertical CDR. PSD showed significant positive correlation with CDR and also with Vertical CDR. Correlation is noted between MD and average RNFL, with significant positive correlation between MD and superior RNFL. Spectral domain OCT, when used in combination with automated perimetry helps in early diagnosis of glaucoma.SD OCT of Optic disc alone can detect changes of RNFL in patients with normal discs and visual fields. Optic Disc OCT plays a vital role in diagnosing preperimetric glaucoma patients.
Comparing macular thickness and visual acuity responses retinal vein occlusion versus diabetic macular edema following anti vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Pandey Achyut N , Marngar Rangkynsai , Sharma Shweta 
Published: September 2024

: Vascular growth factor associates Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). A retrospective analysis using database from a tertiary hospital.: The study aims to evaluate effects of anti-vascular growth factor therapy on patients Diabetic Macular Edema with and retinal vein occlusion,: This study conducted between December 2022 and June 2023 where 30 patients diagnosed with Diabetic macular edema (DME, n=15) or Retinal vein occlusion (RVO, n=15) receiving anti-VEGF were examined. This focused on changes in best corrected visual acuity, central macular thickness and predictors over a period of three months.: Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) patients exhibited a more significant improvement in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) compared to Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) (25 vs. 10 letters, p = 0.006) after three months. The change in Central Macular Thickness (CMT) also favored RVO (100µm) over DME (40µm, p = 0.012). Final BCVA median was 70 for DME and 65 for RVO (p = 0.461). Considering initial BCVA and CMT, RVO predicted better visual enhancement than DME.: RVO exhibited major BCVA improvement at three months with Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Final vision was indistinguishable for DME and RVO. Anti VEGF stabilizes DME vision. Despite the improvement, early RVO diagnosis and treatment may enhance final vision.
A case report: Reactivation of tubercular infection presenting as bilateral frosted branch angiitis
Authors: Akhtar Naheed , Mariyam Sana , Waris Abdul , Ahuja Anupam , Khan Summaiyya 
Published: September 2024

: Frosted branch angiitis is a rare form of angiitis having multifactorial associations. Tubercular retinitis is a common association with frosted branch angiitis. Aim of this study is to show that frosted branch angiitis can be the only presenting symptom of reactivated tubercular infection.: A female patient presented with severe diminution of vision in both eyes and bilateral severe form of retinal vasculitis. She had a positive skin tuberculin test. Radiological investigation (HRCT Chest) revealed an old healed infection in the form of fibrotic streaks. She had previous history of Tuberculosis 17 years back and she didn’t complete the ATT course at that time.: Reactivation of Tubercular infection can present as frost branch angiitis. Prompt diagnosis and effective management helps in preventing as well as reversing the loss of vision.
Aktivitas Enzimatik Cendawan dari Lalat Bactrocera dorsalis sebagai Kandidat Cendawan Entomopatogen
Authors: Rizka Dwi Damayanti  , Emantis Rosa  , Wawan Abdullah Setiawan  
Published: September 2024

Extracellular enzymes produced by fungi can serve as a screening tool for entomopathogen candidates. Enzyme secretion ability is important in determining the virulence level of an entomopathogenic fungus. This study aims to see the potential of fungal isolates through chitinolytic, lipolytic, and proteolytic activities of five entomopathogenic fungal isolated from Bactrocera sp. imago from citrus plants. The research was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Biology at the University of Lampung. Enzymatic activity is known through the method of observing the clear zone formed on agar media. Quantitative tests based on the calculation of enzymatic index values showed that Nigrospora sp. (IB1) had lipolytic activity, Penicillium sp. 2 (IB5) isolates had chitinolytic, lipolytic, and proteolytic activities. The isolates of Penicillium sp. 1 (IB2), Phytopthora sp. (IB3), and Gliocladium sp. (IB4) did not show the activity of the three enzymes.

Keywords: Bactrocera sp., bioinsecticide, entomopathogenic fungi, enzyme
psbA-trnH Intergenic Spacer profile of Wax Apple (Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry) Cultivars
Authors: Meilina Tiara Dwi , Chika Syifara , Hariri Muhammad Rifqi , Febriana Asri , Mukaromah Arnia Sari 
Published: September 2024

The fruit known as wax apple, scientifically named Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry, is a well-liked agricultural product originating from Demak Regency in the Central Java Province. When it is difficult to distinguish between different forms of an organism, using DNA barcoding to authenticate the identity of species based on their DNA is an important way. The psbA-trnH intergenic spacer is a commonly used molecular approach to analyse the genetic characteristics of plant species. This study investigated the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer profile of wax apple cultivars from Demak regency. The investigation revealed that the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer sequences of the S. samarangense cultivars, namely Madu Thailand and Madu Deli Hijau, had lengths of 535 and 492 base pairs, respectively. Both cultivars demonstrate a greater nucleotide composition of deoxyadenylic acid (A) and deoxythymidylic acid (T) in comparison to deoxycytidilic acid (C) and deoxyguanylic (G). The genetic distance between S. samarangense ‘Madu Thailand’ and ‘Madu Deli Hijau’ indicates a very tight relationship, with a value of 0.000. The psbA-trnH intergenic spacer proved to be insufficient in differentiating the S. samarangense cultivars from Demak regency, mostly because to its low capacity to discern between the wax apple cultivars.

Keywords: Demak, psbA-trnH intergenic spacer, Syzygium samarangense, wax apple
Mikrostruktur dan Karakteristik Permukaan Kayu Pinus Scots (Pinus sylvestris L.) Termodifikasi Gliserol dan Asam Sitrat
Authors: Tobing Gabriel , Sofiaturizkiyah Nurul , Basri Efrida , Martha Resa , Rahayu Istie , Gérardin Philippe , Darmawan Wayan 
Published: September 2024

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood is one of the most popular timber export products. However, its low durability can reduce the potential and utilization of the wood. Chemical modification is one of the solutions to overcome this drawback. Chemical modification using non-biocide materials such as glycerol and citric acid was carried out to improve the inferior properties of wood. The study aimed to observe the microstructure and evaluate the surface characteristics of glycerol and citric acid-modified scots pine wood. Scots pine wood was modified using glycerol and citric acid with weight percent gain (WPG) values of 20% and 46%. Surface characteristics were measured, including surface roughness, surface free energy (SFE), wettability, and bonding quality. The results show that chemical modification using glycerol and citric acid resulted in the structure of the pine wood being more filled and denser. The modification could also reduce the roughness of the wood surface, resulting in decreased SFE value, increased contact angle, and decreased wettability on the wood surface. It might cause a decrease in the bonding quality because the wood did not have the strength to mechanically lock with the paint. Glycerol and citric acid modified-scots pine wood can be considered for exterior application.

Keywords: citric acid, glycerol, microstructure, scots pine, surface characteristics
Synthesis of Cu2O, Cu2O/Charcoal, and Cu2O/Activated Charcoal Composites as Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Abidin Zaenal , Rahmawati Wahyu Riski , Arief Irma Isnafia , Rohaeti Eti 
Published: September 2024

The excessive use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections can lead to bacterial resistance, necessitating other antibacterial agents as alternatives. This research combined charcoal and activated charcoal with metal oxide, namely copper oxide (Cu2O), which has antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, thus producing an antibacterial composite for water treatment processes. Furthermore, this study also examined the effect of different types of sugar as reducing agents on the produced Cu2O and identified the antibacterial activity of Cu2O and its composites. Synthesis of Cu2O through the Tollens-like reaction method using Cu(NO3)2 as a precursor, then adding NaOH, NH4OH, and sugar. The sugars were sucrose, white sugar, and brown sugar. The type of sugar used as a reducing agent affected the size and morphology of the Cu2O produced. Adding Cu2O to charcoal and activated charcoal increased antibacterial properties to charcoal and activated charcoal. Copper oxide, Cu2O/charcoal, and Cu2O/activated charcoal exhibited high antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), as of 5.69 ± 0.02 mm and 6.23 ± 0.03 mm, respectively, due to their thinner cell walls compared to Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive). The Cu2O synthesized using white sugar as the reducing agent showed the best antibacterial activity, with an 8.26 ± 0.19 mm inhibition zone.

Keywords: activated charcoal, antibacterial, charcoal, copper oxide, sugar
Studi Fisika Tanah pada Budi Daya Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L) di Berbagai Kemiringan Lahan
Authors: Adrinal Adrinal , Gusmini Gusmini , Putri Elsa Lolita , Nadifa Ghina 
Published: September 2024

The percentage of slope classes on a land has an impact on changes in soil physics. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physical properties of soil planted with tobacco on various slopes in Kenagarian Situjuah Batua, Situjuah Limo Nagari District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The method used in this study was a survey; samples were taken purposively based on slope classes at slopes 8-15%, 15–25%, and 25–45% at depths of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm. From each slope 3 repetitions were taken. The results showed that there were changes in soil physics properties in each slope class with the dominant texture of sandy clay loam. Organic matter was classified as high to low (18.77–3.63%), low soil buld density (0.66–0.34 g/cm3), and total pore space was classified as high (75.27–86.87%). The permeability of the soil was classified as very fast to somewhat slow (34.88–0.78 cm/h), and the aggregate stability index was somewhat steady to less steady (60.89–45.98%). It is recommended that tobacco farmers to make terrracing and cut the length of the slope so that it does not lose organic matter.

Keywords: soil physical properties, slope level, tobacco plantation
Pengaruh Bulai pada Perubahan Indeks Kadar Klorofil, Serapan Fosforus dan Boron pada Jagung Manis
Authors: Achmad Azhari Sidik  , Budi Nugroho  , Untung Sudadi  
Published: September 2024

Maize production and quality are affected by infection with plant pathogens. One of the maize's essential and main diseases is downy mildew caused by Peronosclerospora spp. Downy mildew is a limiting factor in increasing production and can reduce production by 80-100%. It is because the affected plant cannot produce cobs. Pathogens obtain nutrients from the host cell, which can kill the cell and damage the surrounding tissues, resulting in visible downy mildew symptoms. Boron (B) plays a role in forming phloem, increasing the fruit's number, weight, bunch weight, and diameter. The primary function of B at the molecular level is the cross-linking of pectin in the plant cell wall. Ramnogalacturonan II (RG II) is a pectic polysaccharide that contributes to the mechanical strength and properties of the primary wall cross-linked by borate diesters. Phosphorus (P) controls the downsides in the greenhouse and field conditions. This study aims to measure changes in chlorophyll index, P and B uptakes in downy mildew affected plants. The field experiment used a group randomized design with six natural phosphate (FA) application treatments and four groups of borax doses as replicates. The results showed that the downy mildew decreased the chlorophyll index of the leaves at different levels of attack. The results of P concentration according to the position of healthy plant leaves were significantly different due to P treatment. In contrast to concentration B, there is no real difference. P and B uptake results in downy mildew-infested plants showed a significant difference only in P uptake in leaves with 1 FA treatment.

Keywords: boron, downy mildew, maize, phosphate
The effectiveness of outdoor learning-based teaching materials for middle school students
Authors: Wardana Ridho , Amidi Amidi 
Published: September 2024

One of the innovations that can be developed based on the problem of the learning angle created is a learning resource based on outdoor learning as an alternative learning media for students. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the use of PjBL Teaching Materials with Ethnomathematics Based Outdoor Learning. The sample consisted of 34 students from class VIII D with one group pre-test-post-test design. The results showed that the designed teaching materials were feasible to use. First, the data shows an N-gain coefficient, which indicates the effectiveness of teaching materials on students' mathematical communication. Other data collection shows that students understand the content of teaching materials. In conclusion, this teaching material makes students not only aware of the Pythagorean theorem material but also gives them a different learning atmosphere so that the material is imprinted more deeply in their memory.
Keywords: Ethnomathematics; mathematical communication; outdoor learning; teaching materials.
Flexibilité cognitive et adaptation scolaire chez des élèves issus des classes passerelles dans la circonscription de Duekoue
Authors: Soro Kolotcholoma Issouf 
Published: September 2024

L’objectif de la présente recherche est de vérifier l’existence d’une corrélation entre la flexibilité cognitive et l’adaptation scolaire chez des élèves issus des classes passerelles. A cet effet, un échantillon total de 122 élèves de la DRENA de Duekoué, filles et garçons, a été sélectionné grâce à la méthode d’échantillonnage par choix raisonné. Ces élèves ont été évalués du point de vue de la flexibilité cognitive par le Trail Making Test et sur le plan de l’adaptation scolaire par l’Echelle des Dimensions de l’Engagement Scolaire (EDES). Un questionnaire a également été adressé aux enseignants pour apprécier le comportement des élèves à l’école. L’analyse des résultats a permis d’établir une corrélation positive entre les capacités de flexibilité cognitives des élèves et leur adaptions scolaire. Les élèves de classes passerelles qui s’adaptent le plus sont ceux qui sont dotés de capacités de flexibilité élevées. A l’inverse, les capacités en flexibilité faibles sont associées à des difficultés d’adaptation ou d’abandon scolaire. Cette recherche a donc permis de saisir l’importance de la dimension de la flexibilité cognitive dans les apprentissages scolaires. A cet effet, d’un point de vue théorique, la flexibilité cognitive doit être prise en compte dans l’adaptation scolaire des apprenants. D’un point de vue pratique, nous suggérons de faire le suivi des cohortes pour apprécier l’intégration et l’insertion de ces élèves.

The objective of this research is to verify the existence of a correlation between cognitive flexibility and academic adaptation among students from bridging classes. For this purpose, a total sample of 122 students from the DRENA of Duekoué, girls, and boys, was selected using the purposive choice sampling method. These students were evaluated from the point of view of cognitive flexibility by the Trail Making Test and in terms of academic adaptation by the Scale of Dimensions of School Engagement (EDES). A questionnaire was also sent to teachers to assess the behavior of students at school. The analysis of the results made it possible to establish a positive correlation between the cognitive flexibility capacities of the students and their academic adaptations. The students in bridging classes who adapt the most are those who have high flexibility capacities. Conversely, low flexibility capacities are associated with difficulties in adapting or dropping out of school. This research therefore made it possible to understand the importance of the dimension of cognitive flexibility in school learning. To this end, from a theoretical point of view, cognitive flexibility must be taken into account in the academic adaptation of learners. From a practical point of view, we suggest monitoring the cohorts to assess the integration and insertion of these students.
Separation of multicomponent gas mixtures
Authors: Stepaniuk Andrii , Kornienko Yaroslav , Dmytruk Andrii 
Published: September 2024

In the production of granular organo-mineral fertilizers using the fluidization technique by dehydrating heterogeneous liquids, as an energy-efficient technology, there is a need to purify the spent coolant containing solid particles, dust and a significant amount of water vapor. Solid particles up to 20 microns in size are effectively captured in cyclone devices. To further capture water vapor and fine solid particles, a scrubber is used with an additional circulation circuit involving an additional bone of water, which, upon reaching a concentration of more than 20%, is discharged back to the granulation stage. This leads to an increase in energy consumption for production in general. Condensation of vapors in a dispersion containing 5-7% (w/w) moisture in the form of water vapor at the second stage of purification will increase the level of environmental safety in production. To select an innovative method of separation of multicomponent gas dispersions accompanied by a change in the aggregate state and a rational design of the apparatus, a review of scientific articles and developments such as systematization of existing methods was carried out.
Such an approach makes it possible to choose the optimal solution for the separation of gas-dust and gas-liquid flows in the conditions of the existence of a large number of types of equipment design and the level of their innovation. In addition to the rational design of the devices, great attention was also paid to the issues of energy efficiency, resource saving and ensuring the state of environmental safety at production facilities in the conducted research.
Based on the results of the analysis, it is proposed to use a scheme of consecutively installed cyclones CN-11 and SK‑CN-33. It is proposed to use the ЦН-11 cyclone for the preliminary capture of highly dispersed dust, and the SK-CN‑33 for condensation and capture of water vapor and solids not caught in the previous cyclone particles.