bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of High‐Quality Warfarin Anticoagulation in a Community‐Based Atrial Fibrillation Cohort: The Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study
Authors: Dallalzadeh Liane O. , Go Alan S. , Chang Yuchiao , Borowsky Leila H. , Fang Margaret C. , Singer Daniel E. 
Published: September 2017

Background

Warfarin reduces ischemic stroke risk in atrial fibrillation (
AF
) but increases bleeding risk. Novel anticoagulants challenge warfarin as stroke‐preventive therapy for
AF
. They are available at fixed doses but are more costly. Warfarin anticoagulation at a time in therapeutic range (
TTR
) ≥70% is similarly as effective and safe as novel anticoagulants. It is unclear whether
AF
patients with
TTR
≥70% will remain stably anticoagulated and avoid the need to switch to a novel anticoagulant. We assessed stability of warfarin anticoagulation in
AF
patients with an initial
TTR
≥70%.

Methods and Results

Within the community‐based Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in AF (ATRIA) cohort followed from 1996 to 2003, we identified 2841 new warfarin users who continued warfarin over 9 months. We excluded months 1 to 3 to achieve a stable dose. For the 987 patients with TTR ≥70% in an initial 6‐month period (
TTR
1
; months 4–9), we described the distribution of
TTR
2
(months 10–15) and assessed multivariable correlates of persistent
TTR
≥70%. Of patients with
TTR
1
≥70%, 57% persisted with
TTR
2
≥70% and 16% deteriorated to
TTR
2
<50%. Only initial
TTR
1
≥90% (adjusted odds ratio 1.47, 95% CI 1.07–2.01) independently predicted
TTR
2
≥70%. Heart failure was moderately associated with marked deterioration (
TTR
2
<50%); adjusted odds ratio 1.45, 95% CI 1.00–2.10.

Conclusions

Nearly 60% of
AF
patients with high‐quality

TTR
1

on warfarin maintained
TTR
≥70% over the next 6 months. A minority deteriorated to very poor
TTR
. Patient features did not strongly predict
TTR
in the second 6‐month period. Our analyses support watchful waiting for
AF
patients with initial high‐quality warfarin anticoagulation before considering alternative anticoagulants.
Zofenopril Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury by Increasing Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Bioavailability
Authors: Donnarumma Erminia , Ali Murtuza J. , Rushing Amanda M. , Scarborough Amy L. , Bradley Jessica M. , Organ Chelsea L. , Islam Kazi N. , Polhemus David J. , Evangelista Stefano , Cirino Giuseppe , Jenkins J. Stephen , Patel Rajan A. G. , Lefer David J. , Goodchild Traci T. 
Published: September 2017

Background

Zofenopril, a sulfhydrylated angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), reduces mortality and morbidity in infarcted patients to a greater extent than do other ACEIs. Zofenopril is a unique
ACE
I that has been shown to increase hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S) bioavailability and nitric oxide (
NO
) levels via bradykinin‐dependent signaling. Both H
2
S and
NO
exert cytoprotective and antioxidant effects. We examined zofenopril effects on H
2
S and
NO
bioavailability and cardiac damage in murine and swine models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (
I
/R) injury.

Methods and Results

Zofenopril (10 mg/kg
PO
) was administered for 1, 8, and 24 hours to establish optimal dosing in mice. Myocardial and plasma H
2
S and
NO
levels were measured along with the levels of H
2
S and
NO
enzymes (cystathionine β‐synthase, cystathionine γ‐lyase, 3‐mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase). Mice received 8 hours of zofenopril or vehicle pretreatment followed by 45 minutes of ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion. Pigs received placebo or zofenopril (30 mg/daily orally) 7 days before 75 minutes of ischemia and 48 hours of reperfusion. Zofenopril significantly augmented both plasma and myocardial H
2
S and
NO
levels in mice and plasma H
2
S (sulfane sulfur) in pigs. Cystathionine β‐synthase, cystathionine γ‐lyase, 3‐mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase, and total endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels were unaltered, while phospho‐endothelial nitric oxide synthase
1177
was significantly increased in mice. Pretreatment with zofenopril significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and cardiac troponin I levels after
I
/R injury in both mice and swine. Zofenopril also significantly preserved ischemic zone endocardial blood flow at reperfusion in pigs after I/R.

Conclusions

Zofenopril‐mediated cardioprotection during
I
/R is associated with an increase in H
2
S and
NO
signaling.
Nanoparticle‐Mediated Delivery of Mitochondrial Division Inhibitor 1 to the Myocardium Protects the Heart From Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury Through Inhibition of Mitochondria Outer Membrane Permeabilization: A New Therapeutic Modality for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ishikita Ayako , Matoba Tetsuya , Ikeda Gentaro , Koga Jun‐ichiro , Mao Yajing , Nakano Kaku , Takeuchi Osamu , Sadoshima Junichi , Egashira Kensuke 
Published: September 2017

Background

Mitochondria‐mediated cell death plays a critical role in myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (
IR
) injury. We hypothesized that nanoparticle‐mediated drug delivery of mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi1) protects hearts from
IR
injury through inhibition of mitochondria outer membrane permeabilization (
MOMP
), which causes mitochondrial‐mediated cell death.

Methods and Results

We formulated poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles containing Mdivi1 (Mdivi1‐
NP
). We recently demonstrated that these nanoparticles could be successfully delivered to the cytosol and mitochondria of cardiomyocytes under H
2
O
2
‐induced oxidative stress that mimicked
IR
injury. Pretreatment with Mdivi1‐
NP
ameliorated H
2
O
2
‐induced cell death in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes more potently than Mdivi1 alone, as indicated by a lower estimated half‐maximal effective concentration and greater maximal effect on cell survival. Mdivi1‐
NP
treatment of Langendorff‐perfused mouse hearts through the coronary arteries at the time of reperfusion reduced infarct size after
IR
injury more effectively than Mdivi1 alone. Mdivi1‐
NP
treatment also inhibited Drp1‐mediated Bax translocation to the mitochondria and subsequent cytochrome
c
leakage into the cytosol, namely,
MOMP
, in mouse
IR
hearts.
MOMP
inhibition was also observed in cyclophilin D knockout (CypD‐
KO
) mice, which lack the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (
MPTP
) opening. Intravenous Mdivi1‐
NP
treatment in vivo at the time of reperfusion reduced
IR
injury in wild‐type and CypD‐
KO
mice, but not Bax‐
KO
mice.

Conclusions

Mdivi1‐
NP
treatment reduced
IR
injury through inhibition of
MOMP
, even in the absence of a CypD/
MPTP
opening. Thus, nanoparticle‐mediated drug delivery of Mdivi1 may be a novel treatment strategy for
IR
injury.
International Tourist Arrival in India
Authors: Gunasekar Sangeetha , Patri Rojalin , Narayanan Badri 
Published: September 2017

India experienced terror attack on its financial and entertainment capital Mumbai on 26 November 2008. There were 12 coordinated shooting and bombing attacks which lasted four days, killing 164 and injuring several hundred (Press Information Bureau, 2008, HM announces measured to enhance security, New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs, GOI.). The attack was largely targeted towards international tourists visiting Mumbai at the hotels like Oberoi Trident, The Taj Mahal Palace and Tower and Leopard Café. The objective of this article is to study the impact of the 26/11 terror attack on the arrival of international tourists in India. Very few studies in the literature have examined the impact of terrorist attacks on the tourism industry. (For more recent work see Arana & Leon, 2008, Annals of Tourism Research, 35, 299–315; Raza & Jawaid, 2013, Economic Modelling, 33, 65–70.) Our article tries to add evidence to this growing literature. Further in analyzing tourist demand, several researchers (see Song et al., 2012 for a review) have studied the relationship between tourism and economic growth. While studies have found unidirectional relationship between international tourism and economic growth (e.g., Balaguer & Cantavella-Jorda, 2002; Oh, 2005), there are others who find evidence supporting bidirectional relationship (e.g., Dritsakis, 2004; Kim & Chen, 2006, Tourism Management, 27, 925–933). In our study, we assume a bidirectional relationship between foreign tourists arriving in India and its economic condition. In the present study, we analyze the impact of 26/11 terror attack at Mumbai on the international tourist arrival in India. The analysis is done using the vector autoregression (VAR) model, where the foreign tourists arriving in India is a function of economic condition prevailing in the country, captured here by real gross domestic product of India and the terror attack dummy variable. Our results indicate that post 26/11 there has been a significant decline in the number of foreign tourists arriving in India. We further analyze the disaggregated airport level data, where similar significant negative impact were found for Mumbai and Delhi airports. JEL: L83, Z32, Z38
MRI findings and demographics of elastofibroma dorsi: assessment of diffusion-weighted imaging and contrast enhancement patterns
Authors: Tsubakimoto Maho , Yamashiro Tsuneo , Tsuchiya Nanae , Okada Masahiro , Maehara Hiroki , Kitsukawa Kaoru , Murayama Sadayuki 
Published: September 2017

Background Elastofibroma dorsi is a rare pseudotumoral lesion. Thus, there is no report of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings that investigates multiple patients particularly with respect to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings and contrast enhancement patterns. Purpose To describe the imaging findings of elastofibroma on MRI, particularly DWI findings and contrast enhancement patterns, and to further investigate patient demographics. Material and Methods Forty-four patients with elastofibroma that underwent MRI were enrolled in this retrospective study. All images were evaluated by two radiologists to visually assess the signal intensity for each sequence. Enhanced elastofibromas were classified into four categories to assess the enhancement pattern. Differences in gender and laterality were also assessed statistically. Results An equal number of men and women were included (n = 22 each). There was no significant difference in laterality ( P = 0.783). All lesions (73 lesions) had low signal intensity on both T1-weighted (T1W) and T2-weighted (T2W) images: heterogeneous in 56, homogeneous in 17. None of the 41 lesions with DWI had true abnormal diffusion restriction. The average ADC value was 1.36 × 10–3 ± 0.29 mm2/s. All 31 lesions that had contrast-enhanced MRI were classified according to enhancement pattern: homogeneous (three lesions, 9.7%); heterogeneous (15 lesions, 48.4%); streak-like (three lesions, 9.7%); and rim-like (ten lesions, 32.2%). Conclusion There were no statistically significant differences in gender or laterality. Elastofibroma showed homogeneous to heterogeneous low signal intensity on T1W and T2W images. No lesion showed abnormal diffusion restriction, and all lesions demonstrated enhancement on MRI.
The relationship between migraine and rosacea: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Christensen Casper Emil , Andersen Frederikke Schelde , Wienholtz Nita , Egeberg Alexander , Thyssen Jacob P , Ashina Messoud 
Published: September 2017

Objective To systematically review the association between migraine and rosacea. Background Migraine is a complex disorder with episodes of headache, nausea, photo- and phonophobia. Rosacea is an inflammatory skin condition with flushing, erythema, telangiectasia, papules, and pustules. Both are chronic disorders with exacerbations of symptoms almost exclusively in areas innervated by the trigeminal nerve. Previous studies found an association between these disorders. We review these findings, provide a meta-analysis, and discuss possible pathophysiological commonalities. Methods A search through PubMed and EMBASE was undertaken for studies investigating the association between all forms of migraine and rosacea published until November 2016, and meta-analysis of eligible studies. Results Nine studies on eight populations were identified. Studies differed in methodology and diagnostic process, but all investigated co-occurrence of migraine and rosacea. Four studies were eligible for meta-analysis, resulting in a pooled odds ratio of 1.96 (95% confidence interval 1.41–2.72) for migraine in a rosacea population compared to a non-rosacea population. Conclusion Our meta-analysis confirmed an association in occurrence of migraine and rosacea. Future studies should specifically investigate possible shared pathophysiological mechanisms between the two disorders.
Characterizing Verified Head Impacts in High School Girls’ Lacrosse
Authors: Caswell Shane V. , Lincoln Andrew E. , Stone Hannah , Kelshaw Patricia , Putukian Margot , Hepburn Lisa , Higgins Michael , Cortes Nelson 
Published: September 2017

Background: Girls’ high school lacrosse players have higher rates of head and facial injuries than boys. Research indicates that these injuries are caused by stick, player, and ball contacts. Yet, no studies have characterized head impacts in girls’ high school lacrosse. Purpose: To characterize girls’ high school lacrosse game-related impacts by frequency, magnitude, mechanism, player position, and game situation. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Thirty-five female participants (mean age, 16.2 ± 1.2 years; mean height, 1.66 ± 0.05 m; mean weight, 61.2 ± 6.4 kg) volunteered during 28 games in the 2014 and 2015 lacrosse seasons. Participants wore impact sensors affixed to the right mastoid process before each game. All game-related impacts recorded by the sensors were verified using game video. Data were summarized for all verified impacts in terms of frequency, peak linear acceleration (PLA), and peak rotational acceleration (PRA). Descriptive statistics and impact rates were calculated. Results: Fifty-eight verified game-related impacts ≥20 g were recorded (median PLA, 33.8 g; median PRA, 6151.1 rad/s2) during 467 player-games. The impact rate for all game-related verified impacts was 0.12 per athlete-exposure (AE) (95% CI, 0.09-0.16), equivalent to 2.1 impacts per team game, indicating that each athlete suffered fewer than 2 head impacts per season ≥20 g. Of these impacts, 28 (48.3%) were confirmed to directly strike the head, corresponding with an impact rate of 0.05 per AE (95% CI, 0.00-0.10). Overall, midfielders (n = 28, 48.3%) sustained the most impacts, followed by defenders (n = 12, 20.7%), attackers (n = 11, 19.0%), and goalies (n = 7, 12.1%). Goalies demonstrated the highest median PLA and PRA (38.8 g and 8535.0 rad/s2, respectively). The most common impact mechanisms were contact with a stick (n = 25, 43.1%) and a player (n = 17, 29.3%), followed by the ball (n = 7, 12.1%) and the ground (n = 7, 12.1%). One hundred percent of ball impacts occurred to goalies. Most impacts occurred to field players within the attack area of the field (n = 32, 55.2%) or the midfield (n = 18, 31.0%). Most (95%) impacts did not result in a penalty. Conclusion: The incidence of verified head impacts in girls’ high school lacrosse was quite low. Ball to head impacts were associated with the highest impact magnitudes. While stick and body contacts are illegal in girls’ high school lacrosse, rarely did such impacts to the head result in a penalty. The verification of impact mechanisms using video review is critical to collect impact sensor data.
Involvement of atrial natriuretic peptide in abrogated cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in ovariectomized rat heart
Authors: Vishwakarma VK , Goyal A , Gupta JK , Upadhyay PK , Yadav HN 
Published: September 2017

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is an effective mediator of ischemic preconditioning (IPC)-induced cardioprotection. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is downregulated after ovariectomy, which results in reduction in the level of NO. The present study deals with the investigation of the role of ANP in abrogated cardioprotective effect of IPC in the ovariectomized rat heart. Methods: Heart was isolated from ovariectomized rat and mounted on Langendorff’s apparatus, subjected to 30 min of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. IPC was given by four cycles of 5 min of ischemia and 5 min of reperfusion with Krebs–Henseleit solution. The myocardial infract size was estimated employing triphenyltetrazolium chloride stain, and coronary effluent was analyzed for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release to consider the degree of myocardial injury. The cardiac release of NO was estimated by measuring the level of nitrite in coronary effluent. Results: IPC-mediated cardioprotection was significantly attenuated in ovariectomized rat as compared to normal rat, which was restored by perfusion with ANP. However, this observed cardioprotection was significantly attenuated by perfusion with L-NAME, an endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and Glibenclamide, a KATP channel blocker, alone or in combination noted in terms of increase in myocardial infract size, release of CK-MB and LDH, and also decrease in release of NO. Conclusion: Thus, it is suggested that ANP restores the attenuated cardioprotective effect of IPC in the ovariectomized rat heart which may be due to increase in the availability of NO and consequent increase activation of mitochondrial KATP channels.
Fish-oil-derived eicosapentaenoic acid decreases survivin expression and induces wt-p53 accumulation with caspase-3 activation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
Authors: Sam MR , Esmaeillou M , Sam S , Shokrgozar MA 
Published: September 2017

Background: Defects in modulating wild-type (wt) p53 and survivin are associated with a resistant disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Yet, no wt-p53 and survivin modulating drugs have been approved for clinical application in ALL. Here, we investigated if in vitro eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations equal to human plasma levels are able to target wt-p53 and survivin. Methods: Wt-p53 Molt-4 cells (ALL cell line) were treated with 50, 100, 150, and 200 µM of EPA after which cell number, viability, proliferation rate, survivin expression, wt-p53 accumulation, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis were evaluated. Results: After 48- and 72-h treatments with EPA at concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 µM, cell proliferation rates were measured to be 71.5–32.6% and 68.2–13.7% and metabolic activities were measured to be 77–44% and 71–26%, respectively. Treatment with 50–200 µM of EPA for 48 h resulted in 14.1–74.6% and 69.5–45.5% decreases in survivin mRNA and protein levels, respectively. EPA induced 1.3–6 and 1.9–20-fold increases in caspase-3 activation and wt-p53 accumulation, respectively. Increase in wt-p53/survivin and caspase-3/survivin ratios from 1 in untreated cells to 20.3 and 5.8 was measured for 150 µM of EPA. Low necrotic rates ranging from 0.3% to 2.8% and an increase in the number of total apoptotic cells (early + late) ranging from 9.8% to 81% were also observed with increasing EPA concentrations. Conclusion: EPA induces strongly wt-p53 with a remarkable decrease in survivin expression, representing an attractive compound to modulate wt-p53 and survivin in ALL cells.
Remotely supported prehospital ultrasound: A feasibility study of real-time image transmission and expert guidance to aid diagnosis in remote and rural communities
Authors: Eadie Leila , Mulhern John , Regan Luke , Mort Alasdair , Shannon Helen , Macaden Ashish , Wilson Philip 
Published: September 2017

Introduction Our aim is to expedite prehospital assessment of remote and rural patients using remotely-supported ultrasound and satellite/cellular communications. In this paradigm, paramedics are remotely-supported ultrasound operators, guided by hospital-based specialists, to record images before receiving diagnostic advice. Technology can support users in areas with little access to medical imaging and suboptimal communications coverage by connecting to multiple cellular networks and/or satellites to stream live ultrasound and audio-video. Methods An ambulance-based demonstrator system captured standard trauma and novel transcranial ultrasound scans from 10 healthy volunteers at 16 locations across the Scottish Highlands. Volunteers underwent brief scanning training before receiving expert guidance via the communications link. Ultrasound images were streamed with an audio/video feed to reviewers for interpretation. Two sessions were transmitted via satellite and 21 used cellular networks. Reviewers rated image and communication quality, and their utility for diagnosis. Transmission latency and bandwidth were recorded, and effects of scanner and reviewer experience were assessed. Results Appropriate views were provided in 94% of the simulated trauma scans. The mean upload rate was 835/150 kbps and mean latency was 114/2072 ms for cellular and satellite networks, respectively. Scanning experience had a significant impact on time to achieve a diagnostic image, and review of offline scans required significantly less time than live-streamed scans. Discussion This prehospital ultrasound system could facilitate early diagnosis and streamlining of treatment pathways for remote emergency patients, being particularly applicable in rural areas worldwide with poor communications infrastructure and extensive transport times.
The canonical way to make a heart: β-catenin and plakoglobin in heart development and remodeling
Authors: Piven Oksana O , Winata Cecilia L 
Published: September 2017

The main mediator of the canonical Wnt pathway, β-catenin, is a major effector of embryonic development, postnatal tissue homeostasis, and adult tissue regeneration. The requirement for β-catenin in cardiogenesis and embryogenesis has been well established. However, many questions regarding the molecular mechanisms by which β-catenin and canonical Wnt signaling regulate these developmental processes remain unanswered. An interesting question that emerged from our studies concerns how β-catenin signaling is modulated through interaction with other factors. Recent experimental data implicate new players in canonical Wnt signaling, particularly those which modulate β-catenin function in many its biological processes, including cardiogenesis. One of the interesting candidates is plakoglobin, a little-studied member of the catenin family which shares several mechanistic and functional features with its close relative, β-catenin. Here we have focused on the function of β-catenin in cardiogenesis. We also summarize findings on plakoglobin signaling function and discuss possible interplays between β-catenin and plakoglobin in the regulation of embryonic heart development.Impact statementHeart development, function, and remodeling are complex processes orchestrated by multiple signaling networks. This review examines our current knowledge of the role of canonical Wnt signaling in cardiogenesis and heart remodeling, focusing primarily on the mechanistic action of its effector β-catenin. We summarize the generally accepted understanding of the field based on experimental in vitro and in vivo data, and address unresolved questions in the field, specifically relating to the role of canonical Wnt signaling in heart maturation and regeneration. What are the modulators of canonical Wnt, and particularly what are the potential roles of plakoglobin, a close relative of β-catenin, in regulating Wnt signaling?Answers to these questions will enhance our understanding of the mechanism by which the canonical Wnt signaling regulates development of the heart and its regeneration after damage.