bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity in an Underserved Population: Identifying Technology Preferences
Authors: Medairos Robert , Kang Vicky , Aboubakare Carissa , Kramer Matthew , Dugan Sheila Ann 
Published: September 2016

Background:This study aims to identify patterns of use and preferences related to technology platforms that could support physical activity (PA) programs in an underserved population.Methods:A 29-item questionnaire was administered at 5 health and wellness sites targeting low income communities in Chicago. Frequency tables were generated for Internet, cell phone, and social media use and preferences. Chi-squared analysis was used to evaluate differences across age and income groups.Results:A total of 291 individuals participated and were predominantly female (69.0%). Majority reported incomes less than $30,000 (72.9%) and identified as African American/Black/Caribbean (49.3%) or Mexican/Mexican American (34.3%). Most participants regularly used smartphones (63.2%) and the Internet (75.9%). Respondents frequently used Facebook (84.8%), and less commonly used Instagram (43.6%), and Twitter (20.0%). Free Internet-based exercise programs were the most preferred method to increase PA levels (31.6%), while some respondents (21.0%) thought none of the surveyed technology applications would help.Conclusion:Cell phone, Internet, and social media use is common among the surveyed underserved population. Technology preferences to increase PA levels varied, with a considerable number of respondents not preferring the surveyed technology platforms. Creating educational opportunities to increase awareness may maximize the effectiveness of technology-based PA interventions.
“What it Means to be a ‘Lady’”: Defending the “Lady Vols” Nickname and Logo
Authors: Dzikus Lars , Smith Allison B. , Evans Jonathan 
Published: September 2016

Scholars have contested the use of Lady in team nicknames since the 1980s, as the practice might suggest otherness and inferiority (Eitzen & Zinn, 1989). This study is set in the context of the 2012 merger of the women’s athletic departments at the University of Tennessee and the 2014 announcement that the university would eliminate the Lady Vols brand for all sports but women’s basketball. The latter decision has been met with resistance and applause from various parties. Using textual analysis of voices of athletes and comparing and contrasting them with perspectives of scholars, this study suggests a reading of Lady and Lady Vols as polysemic text with coexisting and competing cultural interpretations.Les universitaires ont contesté l’utilisation du terme Lady dans les surnoms des équipes dès les années 80, étant donné que cette pratique pouvait suggérer l’altérité et l’infériorité (Eitzen & Zinn, 1989). Cette étude s’inscrit dans le contexte de la fusion des départements sportifs de l’Université du Tennessee en 2012 et de l’annonce faite en 2014 que l’université supprimerait la marque Lady Vols, hormis pour le basket féminin. Cette décision a rencontré des résistances et des applaudissements de la part de différentes parties. En se basant sur une analyse textuelle des positions prises par des athlètes et en les comparant et les contrastant avec les perspectives d’universitaires, cette étude suggère une lecture des termes Lady et Lady Vols comme un texte polysémique avec la coexistence d’interprétations culturelles concurrentes.
Selection bias in follow-up interviews with individuals attending the emergency department for occupational injuries
Authors: Oesterlund Anna H , Lander Flemming , Rytter Søren , Lauritsen Jens 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo examine whether supplementary interview participation was comparable for occupationally injured patients attending two hospital emergency departments and to investigate the magnitude of selection bias in relation to sex, age, severity, job tasks and industry risk level.MethodsWorkers aged 18–70 years who contacted the two emergency departments for an acute occupational injury in 2013 were eligible and given a short questionnaire. Following written consent, a semi-structured interview concerning health and transient risk factors was conducted by telephone. The two departments were compared for study recruitment by age and sex. Respondents and non-respondents to the interview were compared for age, sex, injury severity, job tasks and industry risk level.ResultsOf 4002 patients attending the two hospitals, 1693 (42%) participated in the interview. One hospital had a markedly higher response rate to the questionnaire, but the proportions of participation in the interview were similar in the two hospitals. Patients aged <30 years were over-represented among non-respondents whereas sex, injury severity, job task and industry risk level were not significantly different between respondents and non-respondents.ConclusionsDespite a relatively low interview participation rate among injured individuals attending the emergency department, selection bias was limited. This indicates that results regarding injury risk patterns may be more widely generalisable when examining the causality of occupational injuries. However, the study also showed that young injured workers were less likely to participate in follow-up interviews, which is an important factor when interpreting age-related risk of injury.
Development and validation of a new ICD-10-based trauma mortality prediction scoring system using a Japanese national inpatient database
Authors: Wada Tomoki , Yasunaga Hideo , Yamana Hayato , Matsui Hiroki , Matsubara Takehiro , Fushimi Kiyohide , Nakajima Susumu 
Published: September 2016

IntroductionTo develop and validate a new trauma mortality prediction scoring system based on International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes, using a Japanese administrative claims and discharge abstract database.MethodsThis retrospective observational study used the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. Injuries were categorised into 33 groups with 5 additional groups based on injury sites and types. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed for in-hospital mortality in a derivation cohort after adjusting for the 38 groups, patient's sex, age and Charlson Comorbidity Index score. Each variable was assigned a score that was equal to the value of the regression coefficient. The new severity score was defined as the sum of the scores. The new scoring system was tested in a validation cohort.ResultsThe mortality rates were 2.4% (9270/393 395) and 2.5% (8778/349 285) in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of the new scoring system was 0.887 (95% CI 0.884 to 0.890) in the validation cohort. Subgroup analyses showed that the scoring system retained high predictive performance both for patients <65 years (AUROC 0.934, 95% CI 0.928 to 0.939) and for elderly patients at the age of ≥65 years (AUROC 0.825, 95% CI 0.820 to 0.829).ConclusionsA new ICD-10-based injury severity scoring system was developed and validated. Further studies are required to validate the scoring system in other databases.
Oligodactyly with Thumb
Authors: Baek Goo Hyun , Kim Jihyeung 
Published: September 2016

Background: Oligodactyly of the hand is one of the rarest congenital anomalies of upper extremities and defined as the presence of fewer than five fingers on a hand. Although it usually occurs in association with hypoplasia or absence of ulna, it can occur without abnormality of the forearm bones. The purpose of this study is to present clinical features and radiographic characteristics of hand oligodactyly with thumb. Methods: Five patients of oligodactyly with thumb who showed normal forearm bones, were evaluated. Two patients had threefingered hand with thumb, and three had two-fingered hand with thumb. We analyzed associated abnormalities of carpal and metacarpal bones and measured the lengths of radius and ulna, and width of the wrist on the simple radiographs. We also devised new classification system of oligodactyly based on the thumb deformities and locations of missing digits. Results: Syndactyly among fingers was associated in four patients, clinodactyly caused by delta bone in one, hypoplasia of the thumb in one, camptodactylies in one, symphalangism in one, and radial head dislocation in one. Considering the abnormalities of the carpal bones, the missing digits were presumed to be ulnar-sided digits in two patients, central digits in one patient and both ulnar-sided and central digits in two patients. In patients with missing of central digits, an adjacent metacarpal was hypertrophied. Although the ulnar variances were within normal range, the average lengths of radius and ulna were 6% and 5% shorter than those of contralateral normal side. The average width of the wrist was 9% narrower than that of contralateral normal side. Conclusions: Syndactyly and hypertrophied metacarpal were most commonly observed findings in the oligodactyly with thumb. Although oligodactyly with thumb may be a type of ulnar longitudinal deficiency, however, it can also be a type of central deficiency or combined type of ulnar longitudinal deficiency with central deficiency or radial longitudinal deficiency. We suggest a classification system of oligodactyly with thumb based on locations of missing digits and associated thumb deformities.
Causes of Flexor Tendon Repair Failures in Two Common Repair Techniques: A Cadaver Study
Authors: Mistry Raakhi , McCleave Michael John , Codrington John 
Published: September 2016

Background: Flexor tendon repair failures have primarily been attributed to either core suture rupture or core suture pull out. Recent studies have suggested that knot unravelling may also cause failure of a tendon repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of core suture failure in two types of common flexor tendon repairs. Methods: Twenty four cadaver tendons were divided into three groups of eight. Each group tested a specific flexor tendon repair. The repairs tested included an Adelaide repair using 4/0 Ethibond (Ethicon), an Adelaide repair using 4/0 Fiberwire (Arthrex) and the Tsai repair with 4/0 Fiberloop (Arthrex). The repaired tendons were pull-tested to failure. The mechanism of failure, maximum tensile strength and 2 mm gap force were recorded. Results: The predominant mode of failure was by the knot unravelling. This occurred in 50-88% of the tendon repairs. The sequence of failure was initiated with gapping at the repair site followed by failure of the epitendinous suture. Next the core suture knot unravels. Once the knot unravels, the suture thread slips out of the tendon resulting in the repair failure. Failures due to knot slippage occurred at a lower maximum tensile strength in Ethibond and Fiberloop sutures than failure due to core rupture or pull out. However, given the small number of tendons tested, this result was not significant. Conclusions: This study has clearly demonstrated one of the main causes of flexor tendon repair failure in two common repair techniques is knot unravelling.
You’ve Got to Hand It to Them: Assessing Final Year Medical Students Knowledge of Hand Anatomy and Pathology
Authors: Joyce Cormac Weekes , Shaharan Shazrinizam , Lawlor Kate , Burke Melanie Elizabeth , Kerin Michael John , Kelly Jack Laurence 
Published: September 2016

Background: Knowledge of hand anatomy and pathology is important for final year medical students as it frequently appears in examinations as a short case or in a written paper. Studies have shown that doctors in the Emergency Department have a deficient grasp of musculoskeletal anatomy secondary to a lack of dedicated teaching in medical school. Methods: A questionnaire was handed out to 111 final year medical students. Students were asked to fill it out before and after dedicated upper limb teaching sessions during their rotation. The questionnaire consisted of an anatomical and pathological component. Students were tested on basic anatomy and pathology of several common upper limb conditions. Results: There was a significant improvement in the medical students knowledge after the dedicated hand teaching. The identification of the carpal bones showed the most improvement overall. Conclusions: Basic musculoskeletal knowledge is essential to the practice of medicine. The majority of medical students gravitate towards a career in general practice or emergency medicine and good knowledge of upper limb anatomy is important. We have piloted a new interactive dedicated upper limb teaching module and have shown that there has been a significant improvement in students knowledge.
O PROBLEMA DA SENSAÇÃO NO ”LIVRO DO DESASSOSSEGO“
Authors: Orione Eduino José de Macedo 
Published: September 2016

Este artigo investiga o problema da sensação no Livro do desassossego, de Fernando Pessoa. Busca-se, inicialmente, entender quais são os usos e os sentidos que o termo “sensação” adquire na obra. Em seguida, esclarece-se como a sensação é um modo de o sujeito ser no mundo, e quais as conseqüências disso para o processo de escrita.
Visibility: How Applicable is the Century-Old Koschmieder Model?
Authors: Lee Zhongping , Shang Shaoling 
Published: September 2016

AbstractKoschmieder proposed that visibility is inversely proportional to the extinction coefficient of air, and this model has been widely adopted during the past century. Using radiative transfer theory, the authors present a general relationship for the law of contrast reduction and point out that the Koschmieder model is workable only to situations when a common-size object can be viewed tens of kilometers away. However, the Koschmieder model is not applicable for viewable distances of hundreds of meters when the angular dimension of an object is significantly greater than the eye resolution of the human being. The authors further separate the term “visible” into “simple detection” or “detectability” and “clear identification” or “identifiability” and point out that the Koschmieder model is applicable to identifiability, but not necessarily for detectability. In addition, the way of calculating contrast is revised to follow the concept of brightness constancy. The results of this effort advocate the measurement and distribution of detectability in harsh weather conditions, as such data offer more useful and important information for daily life.
5-Day-Wave Interactions with Tropical Precipitation in CMIP5 Models
Authors: King Malcolm J. , Wheeler Matthew C. , Lane Todd P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe 5-day Rossby–Haurwitz wave is unlike other large-scale wave modes that interact with tropical rainfall in that associated rainfall presents as a modulation of localized areas of rainfall instead of propagating with the wave. This form of wave-modulated convective organization in climate models has received little attention. This study investigates the simulation of interactions between the 5-day wave and tropical convection in 30 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and compares these with the interaction diagnosed from ERA-Interim and TRMM precipitation data. Models simulate the dry dynamics of the 5-day wave well, with realistic coherences between upper- and lower-tropospheric winds, as well as magnitudes and geographic distribution of wave wind anomalies being close to observations. The models consistently display significant coherences between 5-day-wave zonal winds and precipitation but perform less well at simulating the spatial distribution and magnitude of precipitation anomalies. For example, a third of the models do not reproduce significant observed anomalies near the Andes, and the best-performing model simulates only 38% of the observed variance over the tropical Andes and 24% of the observed variance over the Gulf of Guinea. Models with higher resolution perform better in simulating the magnitude of the Andean rainfall anomalies, but there is no similar relationship over the Gulf of Guinea. The evidence therefore suggests that the simulated interaction is mostly one way only, with the wave dynamics forcing the precipitation variations on the 5-day time scale.
Old habits die hard, sometimes: history and civil service politicization in Europe
Authors: Mikkelsen Kim Sass 
Published: September 2016

This article examines relationships between historical administrative systems and civil service politicization across Europe. I argue that to appreciate when and how history matters, we need to consider public service bargains struck between politicians and senior bureaucrats. Doing so complicates the relationship between historical and current administrative systems: a bureaucratic, as opposed to patrimonial, 18th-century state infrastructure is necessary for the depoliticization of ministerial bureaucracies in present-day Western Europe. However, the relationship does not hold in East-Central Europe since administrative histories are tumultuous and fractured. Combining data from across the European continent, I provide evidence in support of these propositions. Points for practitioners This article addresses policymakers dealing with reforms of personnel policy regimes at the centre of government. It considers the importance of history for politically attractive reforms, as well as the limits of this importance. I argue that 18th-century state infrastructures shape the extent to which political appointments are politically attractive tools for administrative control. I show that only in countries that feature a bureaucratic, as opposed to patrimonial, 18th-century infrastructure are ministerial top management occupied by a permanent, as opposed to politically appointed, staff. However, in East-Central Europe, a ruptured administrative history ensures that the distant past does not similarly shape the extent of political appointments.
A Strategic Framework for Profit Planning: Concepts, Systems, and Structure
Authors: Bhattacharyya S.K. 
Published: September 2016

A framework for providing a long-term strategic perspective for profit planning exercises is suggested. The recommended corporate policy guidelines spell out strategic planning parameters, e.g., a) future external environment, regulatory policies, end-user operations, past performance, etc., which are likely to have a substantial bearing on the organization's planned operations and b) the desired level of performance, by way of tentative financial and nonfinancial targets. These guidelines (translated in regional or product-group terms) provide the basis for formulating draft budgets which are then analysed and settled on the basis of the original guidelines. Recommendations are made relating to the nature and content of such guidelines, the iterative process of budget formulation and settlement, and development of contingency plans. A structural back-up is provided by way of quarterly Policy Review Committee meetings to review the initial planning assumptions. An external environment scanning and information system is suggested for providing the required data and information for updating the assumptions and identifying the policy and tactical shifts necessary for achieving the original financial and non-financial targets.
A Quantitative Model for Press Media Planning in India
Authors: Jain Abhinandan Kumar 
Published: September 2016

The prevalent practice of press media planning in India is to use available circulation and readership data to draw up media plans that will give the desired “reach” and average frequency of exposure (OTS) among the target audience. Plans drawn through conventional, non-formal methods obviously lack in precision and result only in crude estimates of the “reach” and the average OTS. This paper presents a quantitative model for press media planning which uses available audience data and research. The model selects the lowest cost media plan which achieves the desired “reach” and “average OTS” per person in several target audience groups. Application of the model to develop a zonal press media plan for a frequently-bought-consumer-packagedproduct showed a reduction of about 40% in cost over the cost of a media plan developed through conventional methods.
Energy Consumption in Rural Households and Biogas Plants: Tasks Ahead
Authors: Srivastava U.K. , Moulik T.K. 
Published: September 2016

The recent upswing in the price of crude oil has prompted many nations to look into other sources of energy. The large number of cattle in this country makes it possible to consider biogas plants as an alternate energy source. The Fuel Policy Committee has recommended the popularization of biogas plants in rural areas. In this paper, the authors have analysed policy options and problems faced by various agencies in the promotion, sales, and servicing of biogas plants. Primary data were collected by interviewing a selected sample of plant owners in Gujarat State. Discussions were also held with officials of the Gujarat Rajya Khadi Gramodyog Board and the Khadi Village Industries Commission, two of the agencies involved in the promotional work. After a detailed analysis of the data, the authors have recommended certain measures to improve sales and servicing facilities and to optimize returns.
Turnaround Strategy: Lessons from HPF's Experience
Authors: Prahalad C.K. , Thomas P.S. 
Published: September 2016

“Sickness” in Indian industry is currently a pervasive phenomenon, affecting several established industries and important sectors. Though the policymakers are aware of the magnitude of the problem, very little research has been done on why organizations get sick and how to revive them. In this article the authors have presented some useful propositions on reviving or turning around sick units, citing Hindustan Photo Films (HPF) as an example. They are of the opinion that while the propositions have general validity, the manner of application may differ from organization to organization.
Redesigning the Role of District Administration: From Regulating to Developing
Authors: Gaikwad V.R. 
Published: September 2016

In recent years, district administration in India has been given greater responsibilities in welfare and development of the rural people. There was some meddling with the district administrative sub-system under various schemes and programmes. Even the introduction of panchayati raj has not changed the interrelation between various subsystems and the intrinsic nature of powers which the state has exercised over the citizens through its executive machinery at the district level and below. This article examines the intrinsic meaning of regulatory functions and observes that, even under the “development administration,” mostly regulatory functions are performed by various welfare and development departments. Industrialization, which is a major instrument of social change, has not yet touched district administration. The author recommends decentralization of local selfgovernment and general development functions at the village level, and a shift from regulatory function to direct responsibility for production for improving the image of district administration.