bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Intricacies of Children’s Physical Activity
Authors: Brusseau Timothy A 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Understanding the physical activity patterns of youth is an essential step in preparing programming and interventions needed to change behavior. To date, little is known about the intricacies of youth physical activity across various physical activity segments (i.e. in school, out of school, recess, classroom physical activity, physical education, weekends, etc.). Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the physical activity patterns of elementary school children across various segments and during two seasons. A total of 287 fourth and fifth graders from the Southwest US wore the Yamax Digiwalker SW-200 pedometer for 7 consecutive days during the Fall and Spring seasons. Children were prompted to record their step counts when arriving and leaving school, before and after physical education and recess, as well as on the weekends. Means and standard deviations were calculated and ANOVAs and t tests were utilized to examine difference by sex, season, and segment. Youth were more active outside of school and on weekdays (p<0.05). Boys were generally more active than girls and all youth were more active during the milder Spring season. There is a clear need for Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programming and weekend physical activity opportunities. Furthermore, greater emphasis is needed on PE and across other activity segments for girls to increase their physical activity levels.
A Model on the Stability of a Pipe in an Aerated Silo
Authors: Barletta Diego , Poletto Massimo 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The limiting aeration condition necessary to produce the collapse of established pipes (ratholes) is evaluated in a powder bed stored in a flat-bottomed aerated silo. The main parameters tested are the powder properties and the width of the aeration pad at the silo bottom. The measured quantities are the aeration rate and the corresponding size of the pipe. The gas pressure gradient close to the pipe is estimated from the numerical solution of the air flow field in the bulk solids assuming the Darcy flow regime. The powder permeability necessary for this calculation is estimated by fluidization experiments. The hoop stress evaluated according to Johanson (2004) is in good agreement with the unconfined yield strength of the powder, provided that the contribution of aeration to powder consolidation during the pipe formation is properly accounted for.
An Effective Reaction Rate Model for Gas-Solid Reactions with High Intra-Particle Diffusion Resistance
Authors: Yang Wei , Cloete Schalk , Morud John , Amini Shahriar 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
An approximate analytical expression for estimating the effectiveness factors of non-catalytic gas-solid reactions is proposed. The new expression is derived from the analytical solution for simple first order reactions (Ishida and Wen 1968. Comparison of kinetic and diffusional models for solid-gas reactions. AIChE Journal 14, 311–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140218). The scaled Thiele modulus concept is introduced to account for the variations of the reaction rate form that differs from the first order. The validity of the new expression is demonstrated for the reactions of different orders and of different forms via comparisons against a complete particle-reactor model using the collocation method for solving heat and mass fluxes inside the particles. In addition, the proposed approach is applied to redox reactions of ferric oxide where non-isothermal condition, net consumption of gaseous reactant, and parallel reactions are encountered. The results show that the effectiveness factor method compared well with the orthogonal collocation method over a wide range of Thiele moduli, reaction orders and reaction forms. Therefore, the proposed expression can serve as a generic replacement for more complex and computationally expensive combined particle-reactor modelling which is often employed in reactor systems with significant intra-particle diffusion resistances.
The Optimized Operation of Gas Turbine Combined Heat and Power Units Oriented for the Grid-Connected Control
Authors: Xia Shu , Ge Xiaolin 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In this study, according to various grid-connected demands, the optimization scheduling models of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units are established with three scheduling modes, which are tracking the total generation scheduling mode, tracking steady output scheduling mode and tracking peaking curve scheduling mode. In order to reduce the solution difficulty, based on the principles of modern algebraic integers, linearizing techniques are developed to handle complex nonlinear constrains of the variable conditions, and the optimized operation problem of CHP units is converted into a mixed-integer linear programming problem. Finally, with specific examples, the 96 points day ahead, heat and power supply plans of the systems are optimized. The results show that, the proposed models and methods can develop appropriate coordination heat and power optimization programs according to different grid-connected control.
Attenuation of genotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation by rutin in benzo(a)pyrene exposed lungs of mice: plausible role of NF-κB, TNF-α and Bcl-2
Authors: Shahid Ayaz , Ali Rashid , Ali Nemat , Kazim Hasan Syed , Rashid Summya , Majed Ferial , Sultana Sarwat 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background: Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] is an environmental contaminant and potential carcinogenic agent that causes lung injuries which leads to lung cancer. Rutin, a well-known flavonoid present in various natural sources, possesses biological activities such as anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of rutin against B(a)P-induced genotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in Swiss albino mice.

Methods: Pretreatment of rutin was given by oral gavage at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) for 7 days before the administration of a single oral dose of B(a)P (125 mg/kg b.wt.). The ameliorative effect of rutin on oxidative stress, apoptotic and inflammatory markers in lung tissues and genotoxicity was studied using an alkaline unwinding assay and DNA fragmentation.

Results: B(a)P enhanced lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, H2O2 generation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity; depleted activities of anti-oxidant enzymes and glutathione content; induced DNA strand breaks and fragmentation; disrupted normal histopathological architecture and also showed abnormal expression of NF-κB, COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α and Bcl-2. Rutin pretreatment caused a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and LDH activity; increased glutathione content; restored antioxidant enzyme activity; reduced DNA strand breaks and fragmentation; modulated the expression of inflammatory, and apoptotic markers and restored the histopathological structure.

Conclusions: The findings of the present study supported the protective effect of rutin against B(a)P-induced lung toxicity and genotoxicity.
Weyerhaeuser: A Good Reputation Instilled in Culture
Authors: Bochniarz Zbigniew , Lipiec Jacek 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The paper addresses the concept of Weyerhaeuser’s culture which was transformed as the result of mergers and implemented policies against recession. The culture, particularly their long-term vision and values played a crucial role in Weyerhaeuser’s company. Frederick Weyerhaeuser, founder of the firm, realized that a firm’s reputation was the most important asset. Significant increases in housing demand over 1997-2005 had led to an enormous pressure for faster deliveries and innovations in the construction industry. Weyerhaeuser decided to become global leader by transforming its culture and launching the iLevel concept7.
Migrants, Assigned Expatriates (AE) and Self-initiated Expatriates (SIE) - Dfferentiation of Terms and Literature-Based Research Review
Authors: Przytuła Sylwia 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The globalized world economy demand increasing global mobility and flexibility in the workplace and workforce. More and more skilled individuals seek international career opportunities. Thera are various mobile employees in the international context [OECD] among which are migrants, assigned expatriates (AE) and self-initiated expatriates (SIE). Many people experience international mobility through migration or as part of an expatriate assignment [Banai, Harry 2004; Capellen, Jansenss 2010; Dickman, Doherty 2010; Zikic et all 2010]. Yet an increasing number are choosing self-initiation expatriation [Bozionelos 2009; Selmer, Lauring 2010; Tharenou 2010; Doherty et all, 2013].
The purpose of this article is to enhance the conceptual coherence of the notion of migrant and assigned expatriate (AE) and self-initiated expatriate (SIE). Proposed definitions are based on a set of conceptual criteria which differentiates these three types of international movers.
Tourism Product as a Tool Shaping Cross-cultural Approach in Marketing
Authors: Marciszewska Barbara , Grobelna Aleksandra 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
One of the earlier definitions of cross-cultural management focuses on its behavioral aspects and underlines an importance of interaction of people from different cultures. “Cross-cultural management is the study of the behavior of people in organizations located in cultures and nations around the world” [Adler 1983, p. 226]. This definition is based on the description of organizational behavior within countries and cultures on one hand and of organizational behavior across countries and cultures on another. Peoples from different countries often work together in the same environment creating specific interactions but they can also built special relationships during their leisure time.
Looking at the particular subject of management from this perspective it is possible to notice that tourism products have quite big potential for creating cross-cultural interactions when services are produced in different cultures or/and consumed in different cultural context. It is mainly connected with a simultaneous production and consumption on the one hand and consumer’s participation in both processes on the other hand. Tourism products posses an additional feature which creates a cross-cultural dimension in both production and consumption: movement (traveling) between different cultural environments which is a source of different cultural experiences; they have to be recognized a priori to be placed on the market with the tourism product. On the other hand tourism services have to be produced according to identified consumer expectations in different cultures.
The aim of the study is to present selected aspects of tourism products which can create cross-cultural interactions and require a special managerial marketing approach. This article discusses an impact of cultural diversity on organizational behavior in international tourism and on consumer behavior in cultural tourism with a special focus on cross-cultural interactions in consumption of tourism products. This is connected with the fact that tourism products are produced and consumed by tourists in different cultures; this relationship can create specific interactions of many types.
The main research method applied is a literature review on cultural tourism and marketing.
Employee Appraisal as the Tool of the Pro-innovative Organizational Culture Formation in Hospitals36
Authors: Jończyk Joanna , Buchelt Beata 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Healthcare sector is considered as the knowledge-based sector and because of this innovation and creativity should be regarded as prerequisite for the survival and growth of the organizations which perform their activities within the sector. In this context development of pro-innovative culture within hospitals becomes crucial. In search for tools allowing to create the culture employees appraisal becomes an interesting tool to be further investigated. Due to the fact the main aim of the paper is to investigate the relationships between the employee appraisal system and innovation in the context of the organizational culture in the hospitals. Study was carried in eight public hospitals located in two voivodships in Poland. Not only qualitative but also quantitative data was analyzed in order to identify usefulness of employees appraisal as the tool of pro-innovative culture creation.
Age Management within Organizations – Employees’ Perceptions of the Phenomenon – Research Report
Authors: Fornalczyk Agnieszka , Stompór-Świderska Jagoda , Ślazyk-Sobol Magdalena 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article discusses the issue of age management in organizations and presents research results concerning workers’ perceptions of the phenomenon. The aim of the research was to study the perceptions of Polish employees of various professional fields, check employees’ level of knowledge of the age management issue, determine the variables differentiating this knowledge and verify whether employees consider age management to be useful and how they perceive experienced workers.
The first part of the article presents concepts explaining what age management is in the context of demographic changes in European societies. Age management is a term encompassing a range of methods aiming at the possibly most effective use of human capital in organizations, irrespective of employees’ age, so that their work is efficient, profitable for the company as well as satisfying for the workers themselves. Strategies referring to age management should consider the perspectives of the company, employee, job market policy and demographic and economic situation conditions. In the later part of this article, the authors present the results of exploratory research into the level of knowledge of age management, the way it is perceived in organizations around Poland, mostly in international corporations. The research included employees of business and budget sectors. Respondents answered questionnaire questions by estimating, on the Likert scale, how they assess age management measures taken in their workplace, the need to use experienced workers’ potential, etc. In the authors’ opinion, because of the importance of the problem of efficient personnel management and promoting and applying age management programs, it is necessary for both employees and managers to have awareness, knowledge and positive attitude towards methods activating the potential of employees from various age ranges.
Intercultural Challenges Facing the Hospitality Industry. Implications for Education and Hospitality Management
Authors: Grobelna Aleksandra 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Hospitality organizations which are increasingly operating internationally create real challenges for their employees and managers to interact and effectively work with people from different cultural environments. Many problems may relate to intercultural communication between managers and employees as well as between employees and hotel guests from different cultural backgrounds. Therefore, the issue of intercultural communication has recently had an increasing reach in the hospitality industry.
Cultural awareness, sensitivity and understanding of cultural differences should be perceived as a critical issue for business success. Therefore, the following questions still need answers from both academics and the business: What kind of challenges does the hospitality industry face in view of the multicultural diversity of its markets? What kind of managers’ skills and abilities, particularly in the case of entry-level managers, are strongly needed today to manage effectively multicultural hospitality workforce? And how may educational programs influence intercultural competence development of tourism and hospitality students to interact effectively in a multicultural environment. The aim of the study is to show that cultural diversity of hotel employees and guests may create unique challenges of cross-cultural service encounters, which may provide an opportunity for service differentiation.
The research problem is to find answers to the questions: how may the challenges that emerge from cross-cultural interactions become a source of hotel competitiveness and how may the educational process contribute to the intercultural competence development, to recruit employees who will be able to operate successfully in a multicultural hospitality environment.
The study problem is discussed in the context of literature review and the previous research conducted in the hospitality setting. Implications for practitioners and educators are also delivered.
The “Retro” Trend in Marketing Communication Strategy of Global Brands
Authors: Grębosz Magdalena , Pointet Jean-Marc 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The main objective of this article is to present the relevance and possibilities of using the “retro” trend in marketing communication strategy of global brands, taking into account intercultural environment of companies. In the article the examples of retro-communication of global brands are presented. The results of comparative studies of attitudes of French and Polish consumers concerning retro communication campaigns of global brands are also analysed, taking into account the product category, as well as geographic and cultural consumers characteristics. The results of the research confirm the significance of retro marketing communication in case of global brands in current market conditions and their impact on consumers attitudes.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Estrogen Receptors in Canine Mammary Tumors
Authors: Atanaskova Petrov Elena , Gjurovski Ivica , Ristoski Trpe , Nikolovski Goran , Trenkoska Pandorce , Trojacanec Plamen , Ilievska Ksenija , Dovenski Toni , Petrushevska Gordana 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Mammary tumors are among the most common neoplasms in intact female dogs. They have a complex morphology, usually affecting middle age and older bitches. Almost 50% of the mammary tumors in dogs are malignant neoplasms. Prognosis is based on several factors: stage, age, tumor size, metastasis, histopathology, ovariectomy status and hormone-receptor activity. Immunohistochemical (IHC) measurement has become increasingly an important diagnostic and prognostic parameter, with the development of monoclonal antibodies against nuclear estrogen and progestin receptors. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of ER receptors in malignant canine mammary tumors and to identify their association with the clinical course of the tumor. Mammary tumor samples have been obtained by mastectomy from dogs presented at our clinic. Detailed clinical examination, CBC and basic serum biochemical profile were performed in all patients. Surgery was the only treatment. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical detection of estrogen α receptors (ERα) was performed on 8 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples, using the PT LINK immunoperoxidase technique. Histopathological examination of the mammary tumor samples (n=11) revealed tubular adenocarcinoma (n=6,54.5%) and ductal adenocarcinoma (n=3, 27.3%), one patient with benign adenoma and one with mastitis. Patients with positive ER tumors are alive, without remission, while 3 of the patients that were ER negative died due to lung metastases. According to our results, it can be concluded that the appearance and development of canine mammary tumors is highly connected with ovarian steroid hormones and that immunostaining of the tumors may be used as a good prognostic parameter in these patients.
Dynamical Modeling of Frequency Controlled Variable Speed Parallel Multistage Centrifugal Pumps
Authors: Khayatzadeh Farid , Ghafouri Jafar 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a development of a model of a set of multistage centrifugal electro pumps including two 4 stage stainless steel centrifugal pumps, each coupled to a 4 kW three-phase induction motor, connected to a hydraulic application running under two control strategies including constant speed and variable speed methods. Each pump provides 16 m3/hr flow rate and 58mwater head at BEP (Best Efficiency Point). Dynamicity of the model causes variations in all operational parameters of pumping system in any variation on consuming flow rate. Each electro pump has been driven with a variable frequency drive utilizing frequency control method for adjusting the rotational speed under a PID control regarding to match of pumping system operational point with the consumption point to save the energy. 83% energy saving is achieved by model in variable speed control strategy comparing to constant speed control strategy. MATLAB/SIMULINK software using ode45 solver and variable step size simulates this model.
Crystal structure of 2-[(4-fluorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-4-(2-methylpropyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile, C16H16FN3OS
Authors: El-Emam Ali A. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Al-Deeb Omar A. , Abdelbaky Mohammed S. M. , García-Granda Santiago 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C16H16FN3OS, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 5.6885(3) Å, b = 9.4378(4) Å, c = 15.0736(7) Å, α = 84.037(4)°, β = 81.442(4)°, γ = 74.271(4)°, V = 768.56(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0518, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1430, T = 100 K.
Performance Management and Performance Appraisal: Czech Self-Governments
Authors: Špalková Dagmar , Špaček David , Nemec Juraj 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Managing and measuring performance became an important part of administrative reforms motivated by the New Public Management ideology. However, a badly implemented system designed for measuring and managing performance may distort the behaviours of actors. The goal of this paper is to outline the preliminary picture of the current situation of performance management generally and particularly of performance appraisal at the level of the Czech local and regional self-governments. The presented data, despite the fact that our field research covers only a non-representative samples of the “best” self-government bodies, show first that performance and quality management is not a neglected area in the Czech Republic. Its practice is rather decentralized, and the central government focuses on methodical support and coordination rather than on being strict and requiring certain tools to be implemented. The core problems revealed by the interviews are that the implementation of new instruments is usually based on a trial-and-error approach in its beginnings and that the implementation is award- and project-driven. Our preliminary data clearly indicate that the performance-appraisal situation is even more problematic - they indicate that performance-appraisal systems are introduced in only a limited number of self-government authorities. The set of criteria used in the evaluation is problematic, and the objectives of the performance appraisal are unclear for managers. As a general rule, a performance-appraisal system is not directly linked with implemented performance management and especially not with a payment system.