bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encapsulated Ionic Liquids for CO2 Capture: Using 1‐Butyl‐methylimidazolium Acetate for Quick and Reversible CO2 Chemical Absorption.
Authors: Moya Cristian , Alonso‐Morales Noelia , Gilarranz Miguel A. , Rodriguez Juan J. , Palomar Jose 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe potential advantages of applying encapsulated ionic liquid (ENIL) to CO2 capture by chemical absorption with 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate [bmim][acetate] are evaluated. The [bmim][acetate]‐ENIL is a particle material with solid appearance and 70 % w/w in ionic liquid (IL). The performance of this material as CO2 sorbent was evaluated by gravimetric and fixed‐bed sorption experiments at different temperatures and CO2 partial pressures. ENIL maintains the favourable thermodynamic properties of the neat IL regarding CO2 absorption. Remarkably, a drastic increase of CO2 sorption rates was achieved using ENIL, related to much higher contact area after discretization. In addition, experiments demonstrate reversibility of the chemical reaction and the efficient ENIL regeneration, mainly hindered by the unfavourable transport properties. The common drawback of ILs as CO2 chemical absorbents (low absorption rate and difficulties in solvent regeneration) are overcome by using ENIL systems.
Controls on deep critical zone architecture: a historical review and four testable hypotheses
Authors: Riebe Clifford S. , Hahm W. Jesse , Brantley Susan L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe base of Earth's critical zone (CZ) is commonly shielded from study by many meters of overlying rock and regolith. Though deep CZ processes may seem far removed from the surface, they are vital in shaping it, preparing rock for infusion into the biosphere and breaking Earth materials down for transport across landscapes. This special issue highlights outstanding challenges and recent advances of deep CZ research in a series of articles that we introduce here in the context of relevant literature dating back to the 1500s. Building on several contributions to the special issue, we highlight four exciting new hypotheses about factors that drive deep CZ weathering and thus influence the evolution of life‐sustaining CZ architecture. These hypotheses have emerged from recently developed process‐based models of subsurface phenomena including: fracturing related to subsurface stress fields; weathering related to drainage of bedrock under hydraulic head gradients; rock damage from frost cracking due to subsurface temperature gradients; and mineral reactions with reactive fluids in subsurface chemical potential gradients. The models predict distinct patterns of subsurface weathering and CZ thickness that can be compared with observations from drilling, sampling and geophysical imaging. We synthesize the four hypotheses into an overarching conceptual model of fracturing and weathering that occurs as Earth materials are exhumed to the surface across subsurface gradients in stress, hydraulic head, temperature, and chemical potential. We conclude with a call for a coordinated measurement campaign designed to comprehensively test the four hypotheses across a range of climatic, tectonic and geologic conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forms and drivers of annual streamflow variability in the headwaters of Canadian Prairies during the 20th century
Authors: Nazemi Ali , Wheater Howard S. , Chun Kwok Pan , Bonsal Barrie , Mekonnen Muluneh 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHeadwater streamflows in the Rocky Mountain foothills are the key to water availability in the Canadian Prairies. Headwater characteristics, however, have been and continue to be subject to major variability and change. Here, we identify various forms of change in the annual mean streamflow and timing of the annual peak and attempt to distinguish between the effects of multiple drivers using a generalized regression scheme. Our investigation shows that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is the main driver of significant monotonic trends and shifts in the central tendency of annual mean streamflow in major headwaters. In parallel, the cumulative effects of non‐PDO climatic drivers and human‐induced land use and land management are the main causes of significant variations in the timing of the annual peak. Additional analyses show that time sequences with significant trends in annual mean streamflow and timing of the annual peak coincide with those that show significant trends in the PDO or non‐PDO component of the air temperature, respectively. The natural streamflow characteristics are substantially perturbed by anthropogenic river flow regulation, depending on the form of change and/or the level of regulation. Evidence suggests that the general tendency of human regulation is to alleviate the severity of above‐ and below‐average streamflow conditions; however, it may also intensify the variability in natural streamflow characteristics during drier years and/or those with earlier annual peak timing. These are circumstances to which the regional water resource system is vulnerable. Our findings are important for the provision of effective regional water resource management in the Canadian Prairies and contribute to a better understanding of the complex interactions between natural and anthropogenic drivers in coupled human–water systems.
Extracellular Phosphate Induces the Expression of Dentin Matrix Protein 1 Through the FGF Receptor in Osteoblasts
Authors: Nishino Jin , Yamazaki Miwa , Kawai Masanobu , Tachikawa Kanako , Yamamoto Keiko , Miyagawa Kazuaki , Kogo Mikihiko , Ozono Keiichi , Michigami Toshimi 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTDentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1) is an extracellular matrix protein involved in phosphate metabolism and biomineralization, and its expression markedly increases during the maturation of osteoblasts into osteocytes. We previously reported that an increased level of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in media up‐regulated the expression of Dmp1 in primary osteocytes isolated from mouse bones. In the present study, we found that elevated extracellular Pi strongly induced the expression of Dmp1 in osteoblasts and explored its underlying mechanism of action. In an osteoblastic cell line MC3T3‐E1, increases in extracellular Pi induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and up‐regulated the expression of Dmp1, fibroblast growth factor 2 (Fgf2), and Fgf receptor 1 (Fgfr1). A co‐treatment with the MEK inhibitor U0126 abolished the increase in the expression of Dmp1 and Fgfr1 by elevated Pi, suggesting the involvement of the MEK/ERK pathway in this up‐regulation. Elevated extracellular Pi also resulted in the phosphorylation of FGF receptor substrate 2α (FRS2α), which was diminished by knockdown of Slc20a1 encoding Pit1 sodium‐phosphate co‐transporter. The co‐treatment with an inhibitor against FGFR (SU5402) abolished the up‐regulation of Dmp1 induced by elevated extracellular Pi. In primary osteoblasts, a treatment with 4 mM Pi transiently increased the expression of early growth response 1 (Egr1) before the up‐regulation of Dmp1. These results indicate that FGFR mediates the direct effects of extracellular Pi on the expression of Dmp1 in osteoblasts and enhance the close relationship between the signaling evoked by elevated extracellular Pi and FGF/FGFR signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1151–1163, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Facilitative Effects of Ambiguous Figures on Creative Solution
Authors: Wu Xiaofei , Gu Xiaojing , Zhang Hao 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEmpirical studies of creativity emphasize the importance of ambiguity advantage in idea generation and creative problem‐solving. This study examined whether ambiguous figures could directly induce a mind‐set that would transfer to the creative problem‐solving. In Experiment 1, we examined whether presentation of ambiguous figures would influence participants' performance in alternative uses tasks, and the results showed that prior exposure to ambiguous figures significantly enhanced participants' performance in the dimension of fluency, flexibility, and originality than those exposed to non‐ambiguous figures; in general uses tasks, there were no significant difference in the reaction time and originality between the ambiguous figure condition and non‐ambiguous figure condition. In Experiment 2, the facilitative effect of ambiguous figures on creative thinking was further examined with creative story generation tasks that demand more mental effort and increased cognitive load. Results showed that creativity of stories generated in ambiguous figure condition was scored significantly higher than those in non‐ambiguous figure condition. The current research extends our understanding of the facilitative effect of ambiguous figures on creative problem‐solving.
Quaternary Ammonium Cation Functionalized Poly(Ionic Liquid)s with Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Main Chains
Authors: Ikeda Taichi , Moriyama Satoshi , Kim Jedeok 
Published: September 2016

Eight types of cationic glycidyl triazole polymers (GTPs) are prepared from combinations of four quaternary ammonium cationic units (pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, morpholinium, and N,N‐diethyl‐substituted ammonium) and two N‐alkyl substituents (methyl and ethyl groups). These poly(ionic liquid)s are prepared using Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction between the alkyne derivatives of ionic liquids and glycidyl azide polymer. The ionic conductivity is characterized by impedance measurement. The ionic conductivity depends on the type of the cationic unit, but the type of the N‐alkyl substituent shows little influence on the ionic conductivity. The order of the cationic units that afford high ionic conductivity is as follows: pyrrolidinium >N,N‐diethyl‐substituted ammonium > piperidinium > morpholinium. The highest anhydrous ionic conductivity obtained in this study is 9.8 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 30 °C for the GTPs with the 1‐methylpyrrolidinium unit. Based on electrode polarization analysis, the conducting ion (carrier) concentration and mobility are calculated.image
What Makes Elementary School Students Read in Their Leisure Time? Development of a Comprehensive Questionnaire
Authors: Schüller Elisabeth M. , Birnbaum Lisa , Kröner Stephan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhy should children read in their leisure time? Reading may contribute to the acquisition of reading literacy and may foster integral human development. However, there has been a scarcity of research on determinants of leisure time reading among elementary school students, especially regarding environmental aspects. In this article, the authors report on the development of a differentiated questionnaire regarding these determinants. Based on a previous series of qualitative and quantitative pilot studies, a study with 980 elementary school students was conducted, applying scales based on behavioral beliefs (motivation in action, thematically congruent consequences, and thematically incongruent costs and benefits), normative beliefs (subjective norm), and control beliefs (self‐efficacy and controllability) as predictors of leisure time reading. After excluding motivation in action from analysis because of multicollinearity problems, the variables thematically incongruent costs and benefits, self‐efficacy, and controllability explained 50% of variance in the criterion reading frequency. Analyses of covariance indicated that children, especially daughters, of mothers with high educational attainment showed significantly more leisure time reading. The benefits of focusing on students’ beliefs and of including environmental aspects in research on leisure time reading are discussed.
Measuring efficiency of university-industry Ph.D. projects using best worst method
Authors: Salimi Negin , Rezaei Jafar 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA collaborative Ph.D. project, carried out by a doctoral candidate, is a type of collaboration between university and industry. Due to the importance of such projects, researchers have considered different ways to evaluate the success, with a focus on the outputs of these projects. However, what has been neglected is the other side of the coin—the inputs. The main aim of this study is to incorporate both the inputs and outputs of these projects into a more meaningful measure called efficiency. A ratio of the weighted sum of outputs over the weighted sum of inputs identifies the efficiency of a Ph.D. project. The weights of the inputs and outputs can be identified using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method. Data on inputs and outputs are collected from 51 Ph.D. candidates who graduated from Eindhoven University of Technology. The weights are identified using a new MCDM method called Best Worst Method (BWM). Because there may be differences in the opinion of Ph.D. candidates and supervisors on weighing the inputs and outputs, data for BWM are collected from both groups. It is interesting to see that there are differences in the level of efficiency from the two perspectives, because of the weight differences. Moreover, a comparison between the efficiency scores of these projects and their success scores reveals differences that may have significant implications. A sensitivity analysis divulges the most contributing inputs and outputs.
Unbalanced international collaboration affects adversely the usefulness of countries’ scientific output as well as their technological and social impact
Authors: Zanotto Sonia R. , Haeffner Cristina , Guimarães Jorge A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe unbalanced international scientific collaboration as cause of misleading information on the country’s contribution to the scientific world output was analyzed. ESI Data Base (Thomson Reuters’ InCites), covering the scientific production of 217 active countries in the period 2010–2014 was used. International collaboration implicates in a high percentage (33.1 %) of double-counted world articles, thus impacting qualitative data as citations, impact and impact relative to word. The countries were divided into three groups, according to their individual contribution to the world publications: Group I (24 countries, at least 1 %) representing 83.9 % of the total double-counted world articles. Group II (40 countries, 0.1–0.99 % each). Group III, 153 countries (70.5 %) with <0.1 % and altogether 1.9 % of the world. Qualitative characteristics of each group were also analyzed: percentage of the country’s GNP applied in R&D, proportion of Scientists and Engineers per million inhabitants and Human Development Index. Average international collaboration were: Group I, 43.0 %; Group II, 55.8 % and Group III, 85.2 %. We concluded that very high and unbalanced international collaboration, as presented by many countries, misrepresent the importance of their scientific production, technological and social outputs. Furthermore, it jeopardizes qualitative outputs of the countries themselves, artificially increasing their scientific impact, affecting all fields and therefore, the whole world. The data confirm that when dealing with the qualitative contribution of countries, it is necessary to take in consideration the level of international cooperation because, as seen here, it can and in fact it does create false impression of the real contribution of countries.
The influence of the landscape structure within buffer zones, catchment land use and instream environmental variables on mollusc communities in a medium‐sized lowland river
Authors: Zawal Andrzej , Lewin Iga , Stępień Edyta , Szlauer‐Łukaszewska Agnieszka , Buczyńska Edyta , Buczyński Paweł , Stryjecki Robert 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe world's freshwater molluscan fauna is facing unprecedented threats from habitat loss and degradation. Declines in native populations are mostly attributed to the human impact, which results in reduced water quality. The objectives of our survey were to analyse the structure of the mollusc communities in a medium‐sized lowland river and to determine the most important environmental variables at different spatial scales, including landscape structure, catchment land use and instream environmental factors that influence their structure. Our survey showed that a medium‐sized river, that flows through areas included in the European Ecological Natura 2000 Network Programme of protected sites, provides diverse instream habitats and niches that support 47 mollusc species including Unio crassus, a bivalve of Community interest, whose conservation requires the designation of a special conservation area under the Habitats Directive Natura 2000. This survey showed that mollusc communities are impacted by several environmental variables that act together at multiple scales. The landscape structure within buffer zones, catchment land use and instream environmental variables were all important and influenced the structure of mollusc communities. Therefore, they should all be taken into consideration in the future restoration of the river, future management projects and programmes for the conservation of biodiversity in running waters. The results of this study may be directly applicable for the rehabilitation of river ecosystems and are recommended to stakeholders in their future decision concerning landscape planning, monitoring species and their habitats, conservation plans and management in accordance with the requirements of sustainable development.
A necktie fashion vascular loop seton tie may simplify the treatment of perianal fistula
Authors: Issa Nidal , Weil Ruben , Powsner Eldad , Khoury Wisam 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSeton for treatment of perianal fistula can be of the cutting or a loose type. We adopted a simple technique for tighten the seton by applying a necktie shape tie on the vascular loop, hence it can be used for drainage on the beginning, and for cutting purpose later on. In this retrospective study we report our experience on this seton tie method.
Material and methods Patients operated for perianal fistula between 2012 and 2014 were reviewed.
Results Of 63 patients operated, 23 (35%) had a necktie-tie seton. There were 15 (65%) men. Age 34.1 ± 10.6. Six (26%) had a recurrent fistula, 2 (9%) with loose seton in place. The external opening: anterior four (17%), lateral fifteen (65%), posterior three (13%), one patient (4%) had two opening. The internal opening was identified: posterior seventeen (74%), anterior four (17%) and right posterior two (8%). Nineteen (82%) had a trans-sphenteric tract, four (17%) females had an anterior location. Operative time was 32 min (range 22–55). The seton was tightened 4 times (range 2–5) with 2 weeks interval. Healing was achieved in 7 weeks (range 5–11). In 24 months (range 12–35) follow-up, no reported anal incontinence. Recurrence was observed in one patient (4%).
Conclusion The necktie tightening of the vascular loop seton is a simple, safe, easily performed and may simplify the seton management of perianal fistulae.
The utility of atrial pacing for identifying the electrical breakthrough sites between the left atrium and pulmonary veins
Authors: Sugiura Shinya , Matsuoka Koji , Noda Hideki , Kurata Naoya , Uemori Misa , Shioji Hirokazu , Takasaki Akihiro , Koji Takafumi , Tanigawa Takashi , Ito Masaaki 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundCircumferential pulmonary vein (PV) isolation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is occasionally difficult to achieve because electrical breakthrough sites (EBSs) between the left atrium (LA) and PVs cannot be identified during ablation especially in the carina regions.MethodsThe left PVs (Lt.PVs) of 60 AF patients and the right PVs (Rt.PVs) of 37 patients undergoing PV isolation were studied. When PV isolation was not achieved after the initial circumferential PV isolation, atrial pacing was repeatedly performed from the distal coronary sinus (CSd) and high right atrium (HRA), and the time interval from the stimulus to the earliest PV potential (stimulus‐PV interval) was measured using circular mapping catheters at each PV until PV isolation was achieved. When PV isolation was achieved via local Radiofrequency (RF) deliveries, those regions were diagnosed as final EBSs. We classified the final EBSs into six segments for each PV (anterior and posterior PV walls of the roof, carina, and bottom) and investigated the relationship between the final EBSs and stimulus‐PV intervals.ResultsFor Lt.PVs, the stimulus‐PV intervals during CSd pacing were significantly shorter than during HRA pacing at the Lt.PV anterior carina and bottom (90±28 ms vs. 125±26 ms, P<0.001 and 84±20 ms vs. 148±24 ms, P=0.028, respectively), but there was no significant difference in the Lt.PV roof and any posterior segments. For Rt.PVs, the stimulus‐PV interval from both pacing sites exhibited no significant difference between either segment.ConclusionsThis pacing method may help to identify whether EBSs are located in the anterior Lt.PVs. Improved recognition of EBSs through pacing from different sites would be helpful for achieving PV isolation.
Autophagy inhibition upregulates CD4+ tumor infiltrating lymphocyte expression via miR‐155 regulation and TRAIL activation
Authors: Zarogoulidis Paul , Petanidis Savvas , Domvri Kalliopi , Kioseoglou Efrosini , Anestakis Doxakis , Freitag Lutz , Zarogoulidis Konstantinos , Hohenforst-Schmidt Wolfgang , Eberhardt Wilfried 
Published: September 2016

AbstractChemoresistance is a major challenge in lung cancer treatment. Recent findings have revealed that autophagic mechanism contributes significantly to immunosuppressive related chemoresistance. For that reason, targeting autophagy‐related immunosuppression is an important approach to reverse tumor drug resistance. In this study, we report for the first time that autophagy inhibition triggers upregulation of CD4+, Foxp3+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in late metastatic lung cancer tissues. Furthermore, autophagy blockage induces chemosensitization to carboplatin, immune activation and cell cycle arrest. This induction correlated with reduction in expression of drug resistance genes MDR1, MRP1, ABCG2 and ABCC2 along with decreased expression of PD‐L1 which is associated with severe dysfunction of tumor specific CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, experiments revealed that co‐treatment of carboplatin and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine increased lung tissue infiltration by CD4+, FoxP3+ lymphocytes and antigen‐specific immune activation. Subsequent ex vivo experiments showed the activation of carboplatin related TRAIL‐dependent apoptosis through caspase 8 and a synergistic role of miR‐155 in lung tissue infiltration by CD4+, and FoxP3+ lymphocytes. Overall, our results indicate that autophagy blockage increases lung cancer chemosensitivity to carboplatin, but also reveal that miR‐155 functions as a novel immune system activator by promoting TILs infiltration. These results indicate that targeting of autophagy can prevent cancer related immunosuppression and elucidate immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment thus representing a potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit lung cancer progression and metastasis.