bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of skeletal muscle perfusion dynamics with pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL): Assessment of relative labeling efficiency at rest and during hyperemia, and comparison to pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL)
Authors: Englund Erin K. , Rodgers Zachary B. , Langham Michael C. , Mohler Emile R. , Floyd Thomas F. , Wehrli Felix W. 
Published: April 2016

PurposeTo compare calf skeletal muscle perfusion measured with pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) and pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) methods, and to assess the variability of pCASL labeling efficiency in the popliteal artery throughout an ischemia‐reperfusion paradigm.Materials and MethodsAt 3T, relative pCASL labeling efficiency was experimentally assessed in five subjects by measuring the signal intensity of blood in the popliteal artery just distal to the labeling plane immediately following pCASL labeling or control preparation pulses, or without any preparation pulses throughout separate ischemia‐reperfusion paradigms. The relative label and control efficiencies were determined during baseline, hyperemia, and recovery. In a separate cohort of 10 subjects, pCASL and PASL sequences were used to measure reactive hyperemia perfusion dynamics.ResultsCalculated pCASL labeling and control efficiencies did not differ significantly between baseline and hyperemia or between hyperemia and recovery periods. Relative to the average baseline, pCASL label efficiency was 2 ± 9% lower during hyperemia. Perfusion dynamics measured with pCASL and PASL did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Average leg muscle peak perfusion was 47 ± 20 mL/min/100g or 50 ± 12 mL/min/100g, and time to peak perfusion was 25 ± 3 seconds and 25 ± 7 seconds from pCASL and PASL data, respectively. Differences of further metrics parameterizing the perfusion time course were not significant between pCASL and PASL measurements (P > 0.05).ConclusionNo change in pCASL labeling efficiency was detected despite the almost 10‐fold increase in average blood flow velocity in the popliteal artery. pCASL and PASL provide precise and consistent measurement of skeletal muscle reactive hyperemia perfusion dynamics. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:929–939.
The utility of indocyanine green near infrared fluorescent imaging in the identification of parathyroid glands during surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Zaidi Nisar , Bucak Emre , Okoh Alexis , Yazici Pinar , Yigitbas Hakan , Berber Eren 
Published: April 2016

Background and ObjectivesIntraoperative adjuncts for the localization of parathyroid glands in parathyroid surgery are limited. The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of indocyanine green (ICG) near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging in patients undergoing surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).MethodsICG imaging was performed in 33 patients undergoing parathyroidectomy (PTX). Thyroid and parathyroid ICG uptake were assessed and independently verified on a grading scale. Clinical variables were recorded and analyzed for factors associated with ICG uptake.ResultsOf 112 glands identified by naked eye, 104 (92.9%) demonstrated ICG uptake. Concomitant ICG fluorescence was identified in the thyroid in all patients. There was a trend toward increased ICG fluorescence in patients <60 years of age (P = 0.05). A higher degree of fluorescence was seen in patients presenting with pre‐operative calcium values >11 mg/dl (P = 0.04) and in those parathyroids larger than 10 mm (P < 0.01). All patients had biochemically proven cure. No patients who underwent subtotal PTX (n = 6) developed postoperative hypoparathyroidism.ConclusionICG can reliably localize parathyroid glands during PTX and additionally allow for assessment of parathyroid perfusion in patients undergoing subtotal resection. Concomitant fluorescence of the thyroid gland limits ICG's usefulness in directing the course of PTX. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:771–774. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Particulate matter stoichiometry driven by microplankton community structure in summer in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Rembauville M. , Blain S. , Caparros J. , Salter I. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMicroplankton community structure and particulate matter stoichiometry were investigated in a late summer survey across the Subantarctic and Polar Front in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. Microplankton community structure exerted a first order control on PON:POP stoichiometry with diatom‐dominated samples exhibiting much lower ratios (4–6) than dinoflagellate and ciliate‐dominated samples (10–21). A significant fraction of the total chlorophyll a (30–70%) was located beneath the euphotic zone and mixed layer and sub‐surface chlorophyll features were associated to transition layers. Although microplankton community structure and biomass was similar between mixed and transition layers, the latter was characterized by elevated Chl:POC ratios indicating photoacclimation of mixed layer communities. Empty diatom frustules, in particular of Fragilariopsis kerguelensis and Pseudo‐nitzschia, were found to accumulate in the Antarctic Zone transition layer and were associated to elevated BSi:POC ratios. Furthermore, high Si(OH)4 diffusive fluxes (>1 mmol m2 d−1) into the transition layer appeared likely to sustain silicification. We suggest transition layers as key areas of C and Si decoupling through (1) physiological constraints on carbon and silicon fixation (2) as active foraging sites for grazers that preferentially remineralize carbon. On the Kerguelen Plateau, the dominant contribution of Chaetoceros Hyalochaete resting spores to microplankton biomass resulted in a three‐fold enhancement of POC concentration at 250 m, compared to other stations. These findings further highlight the importance of diatom resting spores as a significant vector of carbon export through the intense remineralization horizons characteristing Southern Ocean ecosystems.
Development of the Tool to Reduce Inappropriate Medications (TRIM): A Clinical Decision Support System to Improve Medication Prescribing for Older Adults
Authors: Niehoff Kristina M. , Rajeevan Nallakkandi , Charpentier Peter A. , Miller Perry L. , Goldstein Mary K. , Fried Terri R. 
Published: April 2016

Study ObjectiveTo create a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for evaluating problems with medications among older outpatients based on a broad set of criteria.DesignWeb‐based CDSS development.SettingPrimary care clinics at a Veterans Affairs medical center.ParticipantsForty veterans 65 years and older who were prescribed seven or more medications that included those for treatment of diabetes mellitus and hypertension.Measurements and Main ResultsThe Tool to Reduce Inappropriate Medications (TRIM) uses a program to extract age, medications, and chronic conditions from the electronic health record to identify high‐risk patients and as input for evaluating the medication regimen. Additional health variables obtained through chart review and direct patient assessment are entered into a Web‐based program. Based on a series of algorithms, TRIM generates feedback reports for clinicians. TRIM identified medication reconciliation discrepancies in 98% (39/40) of veterans, potentially inappropriate medications in 58% (23/40), potential problems with feasibility (based on poor adherence and/or cognitive impairment) in 25% (10/40), potential overtreatment of hypertension in 50% (20/40), potential overtreatment of diabetes in 43% (17/40), inappropriate dosing of renally excreted medications in 5% (2/40), and patient‐reported adverse reactions in 5% (2/40).ConclusionThis evaluation of TRIM demonstrated that data elements can be extracted from the electronic health record to identify older primary care patients at risk for potentially problematic medication regimens. Supplemented with chart review and direct patient assessment, these data can be processed through clinical algorithms that identify potential problems and generate patient‐specific feedback reports. Additional work is necessary to assess the effects of TRIM on medication deprescribing.
Polymer phase transition in n‐lauryl methacrylate monoliths
Authors: Dembahri Zahra , Le Gac Séverine , Tobal Kamal , Chirani Naziha , Rolando Christian , Benmouna Farida , Benmouna Mustapha 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMonolithic materials prepared from a mixture of n‐lauryl methacrylate (LMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) dedicated to nano‐liquid chromatography separation were synthesized using in situ UV polymerization in 75 µm inner diameter capillary tubing. A mixture of cyclohexanol and ethylene glycol was used as a porogen to control porosity. While the preparation conditions yielded satisfactory analytical results, values of pertinent parameters turned out to be critical for obtaining columns with efficient separation. In particular, the impact of two key parameters was studied here in an attempt to identify optimal preparation conditions: (a) different concentrations of the crosslinker EGDMA and (b) different porogen compositions while the monomer to porogen ratio was kept constant. Resulting monolithic phases were characterized in terms of permeability, mean pore diameter and swelling using three different eluents (water, acetonitrile and a mixture at maximum viscosity). First, the LMA/EGDMA monolithic phases present peculiar morphology and hydrodynamic properties for 37% by weight of EGDMA, as reflected by the peak observed for their permeability and mean pore diameter. Swelling experiments revealed the coexistence of two phases in the monolithic structure: a highly crosslinked rigid phase which was insensitive to swelling in the presence of solvent and a weakly crosslinked flexible phase exhibiting significant swelling, with a transition to such a biphasic behavior taking place at 37% by weight of EGDMA. The effects of porogen composition and network swelling properties are presented based on a combination of the Flory − Huggins theory of isotropic mixing in polymer solutions and the Flory − Rehner theory of rubber elasticity in the affine network approximation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Monolithic Si nanocrystal/crystalline Si tandem cells involving Si nanocrystals in SiC
Authors: Schnabel Manuel , Canino Mariaconcetta , Schillinger Kai , Löper Philipp , Summonte Caterina , Wilshaw Peter R. , Janz Stefan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMonolithic tandem cells involving a top cell with Si nanocrystals embedded in SiC (Si NC/SiC) and a c‐Si bottom cell have been prepared. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the intended cell architecture is achieved and that it survives the 1100 °C anneal required to form Si NCs. The cells exhibit mean open‐circuit voltages Voc of 900–950 mV, demonstrating tandem cell functionality, with ≤580 mV arising from the c‐Si bottom cell and ≥320 mV arising from the Si NC/SiC top cell. The cells are successfully connected using a SiC/Si tunnelling recombination junction that results in very little voltage loss. The short‐circuit current densities jsc are, at 0.8–0.9 mAcm−2, rather low and found to be limited by current collection in the top cell. However, equivalent circuit simulations demonstrate that in current‐mismatched tandem cells such as the ones studied here, higher jsc, when accompanied by decreased Voc, can arise from shunts or breakdown in the limiting cell rather than improved current collection from the limiting cell. This indicates that Voc is a better optimisation parameter than jsc for tandem cells where the limiting cell exhibits poor junction characteristics. The high‐temperature‐stable cell architecture developed in this work, coupled with simulations highlighting potential pitfalls in tandem cell analysis, provides a suitable route for optimisation of Si NC layers for photovoltaics on a tandem cell device level. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wabenträgersysteme aus Stahltrapezprofilen
Authors: Krahwinkel Manuel , Petersen Tobias 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag behandelt das Biegetragverhalten von Wabenträgersystemen. Wabenträgersysteme sind eine neu entwickelte Konstruktionslösung zur Dacheindeckung im Stahlhallenbau bestehend aus spiegelsymmetrisch angeordneten und über stiftförmige Verbindungsmittel schubfest miteinander verbundenen Stahltrapezprofilen. Die Konstruktionslösung erlaubt eine Erhöhung der baupraktisch üblichen Rahmenabstände im Stahlhallenbau von 6 bis 9 m auf bis zu 15 m. Es werden die durchgeführten experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen präsentiert. Auf Basis einer numerischen Parameteruntersuchung konnten unter Variation baupraktisch relevanter Randbedingungen die maximale zulässige Flächenbelastung und die Biegesteifigkeit unterschiedlicher Wabenträgersysteme bestimmt werden. Hierzu wurde ein Bemessungskonzept entwickelt und auf die Ergebnisse der Parameteruntersuchungen angewendet. Abschließend werden praxisorientierte Bemessungstafeln präsentiert und durch ein Anwendungsbeispiel erläutert.Honeycomb girder systems made of trapezoidal corrugated steel sheets.This paper deals with the load carrying behavior under bending of honey comb girder systems. Honeycomb girder systems are a newly developed construction solution for the cladding of roofs and facades of industrial steel‐framed buildings. They consist of a mirror‐symmetric arrangement of trapezoidal corrugated steel sheets connected with mechanical fasteners. This construction solution allows an increase of the steel frame distances from 6 m to 9 m up to 15 m. Experimental and numerical investigations, which have been carried out, are discussed. Based on numerical parametric studies the maximum characteristic distributed load and the effective bending stiffness of honeycomb girder systems with varying practically relevant geometric boundary conditions are determined. A design concept was developed and applied to the results of numerical parametric studies. The use of practical design tables is explained by a worked example.
Lessons from Freelancing, Lighting Design to Genetic Counseling
Authors: Disco Michele 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTheatrical lighting design and genetic counseling may seem like antipodal career choices. The former was chosen from a belief in the dynamism of the theatrical experience, as well as love of the actual work. As I grew older, the powerful personal experiences of a life encompassing miscarriages, the birth of a child with a genetic disorder, and breast cancer profoundly directed my choice of a new career; one that I also love. Clearly, the day‐to‐day work is very different. However, people in both professions strive to create a transformative space for their respective public. Rather than being left behind, lessons learned by working as a freelancer have served as a source of inspiration as I have matured into my new career. Three specific strategies, supported by literature on career models, have been paramount. First, keeping an eye on the big picture encourages awareness of where the field of genetics and the genetic counseling job market are headed. That awareness leads to the advocacy necessary to achieve the outcomes genetic counselors want. Second, striving for continual personal growth keeps genetic counselors engaged and personally ready for professional changes. Third, networking provides the connections to make clinical and advocacy efforts successful, in addition to essential social support.
Constant tree species richness along an elevational gradient of Mt. Bokor, a table‐shaped mountain in southwestern Cambodia
Authors: Zhang Meng , Tagane Shuichiro , Toyama Hironori , Kajisa Tsuyoshi , Chhang Phourin , Yahara Tetsukazu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSome previous studies along an elevational gradient on a tropical mountain documented that plant species richness decreases with increasing elevation. However, most of studies did not attempt to standardize the amount of sampling effort. In this paper, we employed a standardized sampling effort to study tree species richness along an elevational gradient on Mt. Bokor, a table‐shaped mountain in southwestern Cambodia, and examined relationships between tree species richness and environmental factors. We used two methods to record tree species richness: first, we recorded trees taller than 4 m in 20 uniform plots (5 × 100 m) placed at 266–1048‐m elevation; and second, we collected specimens along an elevational gradient from 200 to 1048 m. For both datasets, we applied rarefaction and a Chao1 estimator to standardize the sampling efforts. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to test the relationship of species richness with elevation. We recorded 308 tree species from 20 plots and 389 tree species from the general collections. Species richness observed in 20 plots had a weak but non‐significant correlation with elevation. Species richness estimated by rarefaction or Chao1 from both data sets also showed no significant correlations with elevation. Unlike many previous studies, tree species richness was nearly constant along the elevational gradient of Mt. Bokor where temperature and precipitation are expected to vary. We suggest that the table‐shaped landscape of Mt. Bokor, where elevational interval areas do not significantly change between 200 and 900 m, may be a determinant of this constant species richness.
Metabolic fingerprints of human primary endothelial and fibroblast cells
Authors: Žigon Polona , Mrak-Poljšak Katjuša , Lakota Katja , Terčelj Matic , Čučnik Saša , Tomsic Matija , Sodin-Semrl Snezna 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Human primary cells originating from different locations within the body could differ greatly in their metabolic phenotypes, influencing both how they act during physiological/pathological processes and how susceptible/resistant they are to a variety of disease risk factors. A novel way to monitor cellular metabolism is through cell energetics assays, so we explored this approach with human primary cell types, as models of sclerotic disorders.

Objectives
In order to better understand pathophysiological processes at the cellular level, our goals were to measure metabolic pathway activities of endothelial cells and fibroblasts, and determine their metabolic phenotype profiles.

Methods
Biolog Phenotype MicroArray™ technology was used for the first time to characterize metabolic phenotypes of diverse primary cells. These colorimetric assays enable detection of utilization of 367 specific biochemical substrates by human endothelial cells from the coronary artery (HCAEC), umbilical vein (HUVEC) and normal, healthy lung fibroblasts (NHLF).

Results
Adenosine, inosine, d-mannose and dextrin were strongly utilized by all three cell types, comparable to glucose. Substrates metabolized solely by HCAEC were mannan, pectin, gelatin and prevalently tricarballylic acid. HUVEC did not show any uniquely metabolized substrates whereas NHLF exhibited strong utilization of sugars and carboxylic acids along with amino acids and peptides.

Conclusion
Taken together, we show for the first time that this simple energetics assay platform enables metabolic characterization of primary cells and that each of the three human cell types examined gives a unique and distinguishable profile.
Collaboration between service professionals during the delivery of health care: Evidence from a multiple‐case study in U.S. hospitals
Authors: Senot Claire , Chandrasekaran Aravind , Ward Peter T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe investigate service delivery in one specific type of professional service firms (PSF), namely hospitals. A distinctive operational feature of this setting is that the delivery of health care services requires continuous collaboration between two professional workforces: physicians and nurses. We conducted a multiple‐case study at five acute care U.S. hospitals, which involved 49 semi‐structured interviews, to uncover the organizational mechanisms that facilitate effective collaboration between physicians and nurses. Our analyses suggest that they experience distinct challenges that prevented collaboration during health care delivery. Specifically, physicians typically favored evidence‐based standards of care which can sometimes undermine patient interactions. We refer to this preference as a disease‐focus challenge. We also found that nurses were often hesitant to speak‐up during their interactions with the physicians, which constitute a hierarchical challenge. Commonly prescribed mechanisms, such as multi‐disciplinary rounding, were not effective in overcoming these challenges. Our analyses revealed new forms of collaboration between different levels of the physician and nursing entities, which we denote as “nursing‐led cross‐level collaboration” and “physician‐led cross‐level collaboration”. Our study suggests that nursing‐led cross‐level collaboration helped mitigate the disease‐focus challenge experienced by physicians while physician‐led cross‐level collaboration helped mitigate the hierarchical challenge experienced by nurses. It also offers preliminary insights on how PSF in general can develop and sustain such collaboration. Taken together, our findings offer new insights on the micro‐foundations of work performed by PSF.
Accepting difference, seeking common ground: Sino-Indian statistical exchanges 1951–1959
Authors: GHOSH ARUNABH 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStarting as early as 1951, and with increasing urgency after 1956, Chinese and Indian statisticians traded visits as they sought to learn from each other's experiences. At the heart of these exchanges was the desire to learn more about a cutting-edge statistical method, random sampling, which, while technically complex, held great practical salience for large and diverse countries such as China and India. This paper draws upon unpublished documents, letters, institutional archives, memoirs, oral history and newspaper reports to reconstruct the sequence of these exchanges, their outcomes and the concerns of the participants. The exchanges demonstrate not only the crucial role played by Indian statisticians in the rise of random sampling, but also the amount of resistance these methods generated in places like China (and the Soviet Union). As a clear instance of South–South scientific exchange, they also compel a broadening of our understanding of early Cold War scientific networks, which should no longer be dominated by centre–periphery models that take either the USSR or the US as the centre. Finally, the exchanges hint at the varied nature of post-1949 Sino-Indian history, a subfield still dominated by geopolitics and a focus on the causes, course and legacy of the Sino-Indian War of 1962.