bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital charges associated with “never events”: comparison of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, posterior lumbar interbody fusion, and lumbar laminectomy to total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Daniels Alan H. , Kawaguchi Satoshi , Contag Alec G. , Rastegar Farbod , Waagmeester Garrett , Anderson Paul A. , Arthur Melanie , Hart Robert A. 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
Beginning in 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service (CMS) determined that certain hospital-acquired adverse events such as surgical site infection (SSI) following spine surgery should never occur. The following year, they expanded the ruling to include deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) following total joint arthroplasty. Due to their ruling that “never events” are not the payers' responsibility, CMS insists that the costs of managing these complications be borne by hospitals and health care providers, rather than billings to health care payers for additional care required in their management. Data comparing the expected costs of such adverse events in patients undergoing spine and orthopedic surgery have not previously been reported.

METHODS
The California State Inpatient Database (CA-SID) from 2008 to 2009 was used for the analysis. All patients with primary procedure codes indicating anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), lumbar laminectomy (LL), total knee replacement (TKR), and total hip replacement (THR) were analyzed. Patients with diagnostic and/or treatment codes for DVT, PE, and SSI were separated from patients without these complication codes. Patients with more than 1 primary procedure code or more than 1 complication code were excluded. Median charges for treatment from primary surgery through 3 months postoperatively were calculated.

RESULTS
The incidence of the examined adverse events was lowest for ACDF (0.6% DVT, 0.1% PE, and 0.03% SSI) and highest for TKA (1.3% DVT, 0.3% PE, 0.6% SSI). Median inpatient charges for uncomplicated LL was $51,817, compared with $73,432 for ACDF, $143,601 for PLIF, $74,459 for THR, and $70,116 for TKR. Charges for patients with DVT ranged from $108,387 for TKR (1.5 times greater than index) to $313,536 for ACDF (4.3 times greater than index). Charges for patients with PE ranged from $127,958 for TKR (1.8 times greater than index) to $246,637 for PLIF (1.7 times greater than index). Charges for patients with SSI ranged from $168,964 for TKR (2.4 times greater than index) to $385,753 for PLIF (2.7 times greater than index).

CONCLUSIONS
Although incidence rates are low, adverse events of spinal procedures substantially increase the cost of care. Charges for patients experiencing DVT, PE, and SSI increased in this study by factors ranging from 1.8 to 4.3 times those for patients without such complications across 5 common spinal and orthopedic procedures. Cost projections by health care providers will need to incorporate expected costs of added care for patients experiencing such complications, assuming that the cost burden of such events continues to shift from payers to providers.
Plumericin inhibits the viability of cervical cancer cells by induction of apoptosis through degradation of DNA structure
Authors: Sun Jing , Wu Jing , Zhang Li , Wan Qi-Yue , Wang Li-Ci , Liu Yao-Yang , Wang Rong-Mei , Sun De-Qing 
Published: March 2016

<p>The current study demonstrates the effect of plumericin on the viability and induction of apoptosis through degradation of double helical DNA structure in Bu25TK and HeLa cervical carcinoma cell lines. Plumericin treatment exhibited concentration- and time-dependent effect on the viability of Bu25TK and HeLa cells. Incubation of Bu25TK and HeLa cells with 40 µM concen-tration of plumericin decreased cell viability to 24 and 29%, respectively after 48 hours. Plumericin treatment also caused significant increase in the proportion of apoptotic cells in both the cell lines at 40 µM concentration compared to the control cells. Examination of the DNA double helical structure after 48 hours of treatment with plumericin at 40 µM concentration showed DNA degradation and formation of comets. Thus, plumericin exhibits inhibitory effect on the viability of Bu25TK and HeLa cells and induced apoptosis through DNA degradation. Therefore, plumericin is a potent candidate for the treatment of cervical carcinoma.</p><p> </p>
Role of microRNA miR-34a in liver cancer stem cells
Authors: Gong Lu-Lu , Yang Shu-Li , Zhang Guo-Feng , Wu Jia-Chengi , Lin Rui-Xin 
Published: March 2016

<p class="Abstract">The present study focuses on the role of microRNA miR-34a in liver cancer stem cells. Liver tissue samples were collected from the control and liver cancer patients. Immunohistochemistry experiment with CD90 antibodies suggests that the liver cancer stem cells were present in the liver cancer tissue samples. Interestingly, flow cytometry analysis followed by qRT-PCR confirmed that the CD90<sup>+</sup> cells also called as liver cancer stem cells shows expression of miR-34a at the levels of 30-80%, when compared with that of normal liver tissue samples. The present study concludes that the liver cancer stem cells shows high expression of miR-34a, which is the important target unique to liver cancer stem cells in order to design liver cancer stem cells-specific therapies.</p><p> </p>
Les crises démographiques dans le Sud de la région parisienne de 1560 à 1670
Authors: Moriceau Jean-Marc 
Published: March 2016

Cette étude démographique repose sur un ensemble de 36 paroisses — 20 milliers d'âmes, peut-être, vers 1635 — comprises entre Paris, Corbeil et Montlhéry ; l'une d'entre elles, Athis (Athis-Mons aujourd'hui) a autorisé une reconstitution des familles, surtout vigneronnes, qui s'y sont formées de 1560 à 1670.
L'évolution démographique reste commandée, d'un siècle à l'autre, par le flux des générations, pleines (1565-1590 ; 1630-1670) ou creuses (1590-1630 ; 1675-1700) : il porte l'héritage, à long terme, de crises de mortalité souvent très dures (déficit de 20 % pendant la Fronde) causées par de violentes épidémies — la peste surtout. Dès l'accouchement, la mort intervient : 3 % de mortalité maternelle, 3 % d'ondoyés-décédés.
Les comportements humains soulignent la profondeur de la christianisation : calendrier classique des conceptions et des mariages ; stabilité des prénoms, transmis, dans le culte des saints, de parrain à filleul ; respect très grand de la morale conjugale — 0,3 % de naissances illégitimes, 5,2 % de conceptions prénuptiales — autant d'indices qui ne trompent pas mais qui n'étonnent pas. La lutte menée par la Réforme catholique contre les mentalités païennes s'illustre, ici, par la disparition des noces dominicales et des fiançailles et, peut-être, par l'élévation de l'âge moyen des femmes au mariage de 20 à 25 ans, au cours de la 1re moitié du XVIIe siècle.
Contre toute attente, cette apparition du mariage tardif stimule d'abord la fécondité, ce qui accroît, légèrement, la dimension de la famille (entre 4 et 5 enfants), malgré une vie conjugale toujours brève (moins de 14 ans). Si la stabilité s'affirme, ce monde, si soumis aux caprices de la nature et aux exigences de ses maîtres, notables parisiens, bouge, timidement : la résidence dans le village natal n'est pas la règle pour 60 % des hommes et 40 % des femmes, sur Athis. Entre la naissance — toujours aussi incontrôlée — et la mort — toujours aussi impromptue, le mariage traduit un premier effort de l'homme pour maîtriser son destin.
Les opérations statistiques de collecte de données démographiques dans l'Afrique noire coloniale
Authors: Gendreau Francis 
Published: March 2016

The aim of this paper is to give an overall view of the statistical operations used for collecting demographic data in sub-Saharan Africa during colonial times.
The «statistical operations» considered hère, as opposed to the purely administrative procédures, consist of : censuses with complète population coverage and sample surveys ; operations at the national and local levels ; operations with strictly demographic targets and others primarily intended for other purposes but also yielding certain demographic data (population size, structure, change).
Roughly 100 national operations (two thirds censuses, a third surveys) have been identified for the 46 countries reviewed. Two thirds of them were conducted between 1947 and 1966, in the very last years of the colonial era.
The quality of the results yielded by these operations may be open to discussion, but demographically speaking, they are of considérable historical interest, as they are the first results obtained through scientific procedures for a key period in African history.
Le fonctionnement de la famille-souche dans les Baronnies des Pyrénées avant 1914
Authors: Chamoux Antoinette 
Published: March 2016

On studying the rural society of the Central Pyrenean region, using the histories of families in the village of Esparros, reconstituted from the 17th century up to 1914, it would appear that an attempt was made to escape from population pressure at the end of the Ancien Regime, by using a spécifie type of Malthusian check, over and above delayed marriage, emigration of the youngest in the family and frequent celibacy : a limitation of fertility within marriage amongst women aged over 35. Whether this was a moral restraint resulting from abstinence or whether it was a matter of limiting births, it is sure that, in these country areas, married couples in the past were able to adapt their behaviour to the ups and downs of the economic and demographic conditions and to ease the path towards the permanence of the stem-family. This family model is mainly based on the couple formed by a lone heir and spouse living together with the parents, and on the inegalitarian transmission of the family property and of the house (maison) -i.e., the building and the lineage- of which the name, like a patronymic, is transmitted from one generation to the next.
Before 1640, the stem-family was able to function with a high rate of mortality and early marriage, that is at a faster pace of renewal of generations than was later the case.
Démographie soviétique, 1920-1950, une redécouverte
Authors: Blum Alain , Ely Maïté , Zakharov Serge 
Published: March 2016

Longtemps restée sous forme d'interrogation devant l'insuffisance des sources, l'histoire démographique de l'URSS se révèle peu à peu. L'ouverture des archives rend maintenant l'accès possible aux diverses sources, censitaires ou d'état civil, que le pouvoir soviétique avait préféré laisser enfermées à l'abri des regards.
Cette histoire est en étroite symbiose avec l'histoire politique, les mouvements démographiques de court terme, jalonnés par des catastrophes de 1917 à 1930 suivent les grandes ruptures politiques. En revanche, les évolutions de long terme révèlent des mouvements imperturbables, qui ne sont qu'interrompus temporairement par ces drames. Cet article suit donc ces grandes tendances contradictoires.
AKARI/IRC NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRAL ATLAS OF GALACTIC PLANETARY NEBULAE
Authors: Ohsawa Ryou , Onaka Takashi , Sakon Itsuki , Matsuura Mikako , Kaneda Hidehiro 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Near-infrared (2.5–5.0 μm) low-resolution (λ/Δλ ∼ 100) spectra of 72 Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) were obtained with the Infrared Camera (IRC) in the post-helium phase. The IRC, equipped with a 1′ × 1′ window for spectroscopy of a point source, was capable of obtaining near-infrared spectra in a slit-less mode without any flux loss due to a slit. The spectra show emission features including hydrogen recombination lines and the 3.3–3.5 μm hydrocarbon features. The intensity and equivalent width of the emission features were measured by spectral fitting. We made a catalog providing unique information on the investigation of the near-infrared emission of PNe. In this paper, details of the observations and characteristics of the catalog are described.
RAPID PENUMBRA AND LORENTZ FORCE CHANGES IN AN X1.0 SOLAR FLARE
Authors: Xu Zhe , Jiang Yunchun , Yang Jiayang , Yang Bo , Bi Yi 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We present observations of the violent changes in photospheric magnetic structures associated with an X1.1 flare, which occurred in a compact δ-configuration region in the following part of AR 11890 on 2013 November 8. In both central and peripheral penumbra regions of the small δ sunspot, these changes took place abruptly and permanently in the reverse direction during the flare: the inner/outer penumbra darkened/disappeared, where the magnetic fields became more horizontal/vertical. Particularly, the Lorentz force (LF) changes in the central/peripheral region had a downward/upward and inward direction, meaning that the local pressure from the upper atmosphere was enhanced/released. It indicates that the LF changes might be responsible for the penumbra changes. These observations can be well explained as the photospheric response to the coronal field reconstruction within the framework of the magnetic implosion theory and the back reaction model of flares.
Snow instability evaluation: calculating the skier-induced stress in a multi-layered snowpack
Authors: Monti Fabiano , Gaume Johan , van Herwijnen Alec , Schweizer Jürg 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The process of dry-snow slab avalanche formation can be divided into two phases: failure initiation and crack propagation. Several approaches tried to quantify slab avalanche release probability in terms of failure initiation based on shear stress and strength. Though it is known that both the properties of the weak layer and the slab play a major role in avalanche release, most previous approaches only considered slab properties in terms of slab depth, average density and skier penetration. For example, for the skier stability index, the additional stress (e.g. due to a skier) at the depth of the weak layer is calculated by assuming that the snow cover can be considered a semi-infinite, elastic, half-space. We suggest a new approach based on a simplification of the multi-layered elasticity theory in order to easily compute the additional stress due to a skier at the depth of the weak layer, taking into account the layering of the snow slab and the substratum. We first tested the proposed approach on simplified snow profiles, then on manually observed snow profiles including a stability test and, finally, on simulated snow profiles. Our simple approach reproduced the additional stress obtained by finite element simulations for the simplified profiles well – except that the sequence of layering in the slab cannot be replicated. Once implemented into the classical skier stability index and applied to manually observed snow profiles classified into different stability classes, the classification accuracy improved with the new approach. Finally, we implemented the refined skier stability index into the 1–D snow cover model SNOWPACK. The two study cases presented in this paper showed promising results even though further verification is still needed. In the future, we intend to implement the proposed approach for describing skier-induced stress within a multi-layered snowpack into more complex models which take into account not only failure initiation but also crack propagation.
Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Associated with Hairy Cell Leukemia at Diagnosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Broccoli Alessandro , Gandolfi Letizia , Pellegrini Cinzia , Agostinelli Claudio , Argnani Lisa , Zinzani Pier Luigi 
Published: March 2016

Background Autoimmune manifestations may occur in patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and some rare cases of polyarteritis nodosa and leukocytoclastic vasculitis have been reported. However, data regarding the treatment of these cutaneous manifestations are lacking, given the rarity of the concomitance of HCL and vasculitic syndromes. Case presentation We present a 37-year-old man with paraneoplastic leukocytoclastic vasculitis complicating newly diagnosed HCL. The vasculitis completely resolved after the first 3 weekly administrations of cladribine, which is regarded as the gold-standard treatment for this disease. The underlying leukemia showed refractoriness to the same agent, thus requiring a second line of treatment. Conclusions The clinical picture we have observed is of interest for the following reasons: i) it confirms an existing pathogenetic relationship between this lymphoproliferative disorder and its cutaneous manifestations, as suggested by the prompt resolution of the purpuric lesions upon cladribine administration; ii) it indicates that cladribine is an effective treatment for HCL-related paraneoplastic syndromes, including leukocytoclastic vasculitis; iii) the evolution and the outcomes of the paraneoplastic manifestations may be independent of those of the underlying leukemia, which showed less than a partial response to its initial treatment.
“Days of begging, days of theft”: The Philosophy of Work inBlood Meridian
Authors: Christie James William 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article offers a new interpretation of McCarthy's Blood Meridian, reading the novel on the basis of the appeal to ideas of craftsmanship and manual labor that explicitly characterizes much of McCarthy's wider writing. It argues that the attraction to the life-world of manual work signals the presence of a substantial aesthetic philosophy within McCarthy's textual practice (marked in particular by a deeply Heideggerian approach to language) and that Blood Meridian constitutes one of the most fully developed articulations of this philosophy in his canon. Within this framework the novel's Oedipal structure is then approached on the basis of the confrontation between the worker and the intellectual, highlighting the significance of the kid's status as a frustrated or misdirected worker and his subsequent struggles against the authority of successive intellectuals cast in the paternal role. In particular, an extended reading of Judge Holden is proposed in this context. The judge is seen as the focal point for the projection of the anxieties and tensions that McCarthy invests in the position of the intellectual, with particular emphasis placed on the transcendence of the judge's discourse that occurs in Blood Meridian's epilogue and the explicit re-emergence of manual labor that it articulates.
Evaluation of the MicroSEQ™ Salmonella spp. Detection Kit with the PrepSEQ™ Rapid Spin Sample Preparation Kit for Detection of Salmonella spp. in Dry Pet Food
Authors: Cloke Jonathan , Flannery Jonathan , Bastin Benjamin , Bird Patrick , Crowley Erin Sutphin , Benzinger M Joseph , Agin James R , Goins David , Chen Yi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A method modification validation study was conducted to validate the Applied Biosystems MicroSEQ™ Salmonella spp. Detection Kit for the detection of Salmonella spp. in 375 g samples of dried pet food. The MicroSEQ assay protocol, using the Applied Biosystems PrepSEQ™ Rapid Spin DNA Sample Preparation Kit, was compared to the reference method detailed in the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM; Chapter 5, Salmonella) for detection of Salmonella spp. For each method, 20 replicates were analyzed at a low contamination level of 0.2–2 CFU/test portion, five replicates were analyzed at a high level of contamination of 2–5 CFU/test portion, and five control replicates were also analyzed at 0 CFU/test portion (uninoculated). Statistical analysis was conducted using the Probability of Detection statistical test to determine the ability of the MicroSEQ Salmonella spp. Detection Kit to detect Salmonella from 375 g samples of dried pet food in comparison to the FDA-BAM reference method. The results demonstrated that the MicroSEQ Salmonella spp. Detection Kit was able to accurately detect Salmonella spp. present in dry pet food after an enrichment time of 20 h.
Hovedstrømninger i dansk film- og medieforskning
Authors: Bondebjerg Ib 
Published: March 2016

Medieforskningen er i dansk sammenhæng endnu ung som institutionali-
seret videnskab. Ikke desto mindre kan fagets videnskabsteoretiske
grundlag periodiseres ved hjælp af en række markante bølger. Semiolo-
gien og tysk inspireret kulturkritik og offentlighedsteori i 1970'erne, en re-
ceptionsanalytisk modstrømning 1980'erne, samt nyere sociologisk teori
og kognitionsforskning i 1990'erne. På baggrund af disse hovedstrøm-
ninger skitserer Ib Bondebjerg kontroverserne og den teoretiske udvikling
i dansk medievidenskab. Fremstillingen af disse brydninger hviler dog på
denne pointe: at der bag de markante forskelle ligger en udbredt konsen-
sus, som udgør selve sammenhængen i dansk medieforskning. Fælles
for de forskellige teoretiske perspektiver er nemlig, at de på hver deres
måde sætter institution/samfund, tekst/æstetik og modtager i forhold til
hinanden. Det er imidlertid betoningen af tyngdepunktet i denne relation,
der er forskellig.
Pionérdagene er forbi! Hvor går receptionsforskningen hen?
Authors: Schrøder Kim 
Published: March 2016

Receptionsforskningen har siden starten af 1980'erne udviklet sig til en
væsentlig tradition i dansk medieforskning. Med udgangspunkt i recepti-
onsforskningens udviklingshistorie diskuterer artiklen metodologiske
problemstillinger i forbindelse med brug af dybdeinterviews. I fokus er
især disse undersøgelsers grad af validitet (sandhedsværdi), reliabilitet
(pålidelighed) og repræsentativitet. De tidlige receptionsundersøgelser
havde en høj grad af validitet, men en væsentligt lavere grad af reliabilitet
og repræsentativitet. Kim Schrøder viser, at den løsning som ofte bruges
på dette problem - nemlig triangulation - også rummer sine metodologiske
problemer. Som et bud på en fornyet receptionsforskning, efter at pioner-
dagene er forbi, foreslås en ny forskningssyntese mellem kvalitative og
kvantitative analyser i form af store kvalitative interviewundersøgelser,
der bibeholder den høje grad af validitet, og samtidig øger både repræ-
sentativiteten og reliabiliteten.
Artiklen er en lettere bearbejdet skriftlig version af Kim Schrøders tiltræ-
delsestale som professor ved Institut for Kommunikation, Journalistik og
Datalogi, Roskilde Universitetscenter, den 25. oktober 1999.
Nye medier - en udfordring for børnemedieforskningen
Authors: Sørensen Birgitte Holm , Olesen Birgitte Ravn 
Published: March 2016

Børnemedieforskningen i 1980'erne og 1990'erne har især fokuseret på
børns brug af fjernsyn, film og video - medier, hvor publikum har rollen
som modtagere. Computermediet ændrer denne rolle, idet det forudsætter
interaktivitet. Dermed ændres også børns mediekultur. Der ligger en udford-
ring for forskere i at forstå og beskrive, hvad det betyder. Birgitte Holm
Sørensen og Birgitte Ravn Olesen har taget denne udfordring op med
deres igangværende projekt »Børns opvækst med interaktive medier«.
De præsenterer projektets interessefelt og problemstillinger og diskuterer
på den baggrund styrke og begrænsninger i en empirisk orienteret forsk-
ningsstrategi.
Konvergens og divergens. Brugerperspektiver på medieforskningen
Authors: Drotner Kirsten 
Published: March 2016

At en form for mediekonvergens er under udvikling, dét er de fleste
forskere enige om. Men konsekvensen af denne konvergens kan
nemt blive en udvidelse af divergensen, i hvert fald når modtagerne
inddrages i synsfeltet. Skarpe skel mellem forskellige grupper af
brugere truer i forhold til økonomisk, social og kulturel formåen. Der-
for argumenterer Kirsten Drotner for en mediesociologi, der kombi-
nerer samfundsvidenskabelige og humanistiske metoder, forståelser
og angrebsvinkler; en mediesociologi, der integrerer parametre som
alder, køn og etnicitet i sine undersøgelser, og som satser på viden-
skabelig pluralitet ikke mindst gennem rekrutteringen til medieviden-
skaben.