bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material evolution in critical parts of marine low speed engines
Authors: Рогалев Владимир , Rogalev Vladimir , Чернявский Олег , Chernyavskiy Oleg 
Published: January 2016

With the growth of average effective pressure in cylinders of marine lowspeed diesel engines the requirements increased to materials used for manufacturing their critical parts. This paper reports the dynamics of mechanical data changes in materials (steel and cast iron) of critical parts in diesel engines by the example of produce of the Bryansk engineering plant. From 1961 till 2008 the Bryansk engineering plant is the only manufacturer of powerful marine low-speed diesel engines in Russia. Diesel engines were being built under licence of “MAN Burmeister Diesel” Co. Diesel engines manufactures in different years differ with forcing degree. A diesel engine with a higher forcing degree has a higher value of mean effective pressure. In the paper there are shown types of diesel engines manufactured by the Bryansk engineering plant and is shown the evolution of mechanical data of cylinder iron bushes, piston rings, steel components of a bed frame, crankshafts.
It is pointed out that the application of new steel and cast iron kinds should follow considerable changes in the design of marine low-speed diesel engines of the type 6DKRN 50/200-14 of compact modification.
The conclusion is drawn of that with the growth of a forcing degree in diesel engines the mechanical data of steel and cast iron will increase at the expense of material chemistry changes by means of the introduction of alloying elements and application of modern metallurgical equipment for qualitative billet manufacturing.
Importance of Children’s Creativity Updating in the Course of Preschool and School Education in Globalization Conditions
Authors: Каримова  , Karimova A. 
Published: January 2016

This paper reveals the importance of creativity updating
during personality growing up in the course of teaching in a preschool
and school educational institution, as necessary condition
for child’s personal and psychological health. Material of paper is
analyzed through a phenomenon prism of &#34;Bitter candy&#34; which had
been introduced into scientific use by A.N. Leontiev, and Gestalt
psychology, which reveals and describes such concepts as creative
adjustment and passive adaptation, convergent and divergent cogitations.
The convergent and divergent cogitations are coordinated
in an interesting way with neuropsychology’s data on cerebral
hemispheres’ functioning features. The phenomenon of evocation
and creativity is considered in this work as well. The globalization
problem and inevitable life’s quality change, as well as ways of
person’s realization in surrounding social reality determinate new
living conditions and expose a development priority on innovative
trands in education.
Studying the Effect of Facilities’ Arrangement Structure for Students’ Physical Training
Authors: Чубаров  , Chubarov M. 
Published: January 2016

It is known that in mathematics the sum does not depend
on the items’ order permutation. However the positive effect (the sum)
of students’ training in physical education, sport, sports training significantly
depends not only on used facilities and methods’ dosage and
ratios, but also on the way (structure) of their arrangement in time
(items’ permutation). This studying was devoted to this hypothesis’
experimental verification.
Professional Development as an Important Part of the Modernization of Pedagogical Education
Authors: Положенцева  , Polozhentseva I. , Артемьева  , Artemyeva Svetlana , Шишов  , Shishov Cergey 
Published: January 2016

This article discusses the problems of efficiency of the
existing system of teacher training, as well as changes of its content
and the conditions for the development of a mechanism for its
improvement based on Russian and foreign experience, taking into
account the requirements of the federal target programme for the
development of education in 2011–2015, Federal Law No. 273 of
29.12.2012 &#34;on education in the Russian Federation&#34;, the modernization
of pedagogical education, State program of the Russian
Federation &#34;Development of education&#34; for 2013–2020 years&#34;
(approved by decree of the Government of the Russian Federation
and other documents.
Native Origins’ History Comprehension As Young People’s Spiritually-Moral Education Basis
Authors: Извеков  , Izvekov Igor , Зимовина  , Zimovina Olga 
Published: January 2016

A modern innovative technology in the pedagogic area
used in educational institutions and based on young people’s inclusion
to native origins’ micro-history study in the National History
has been considered in this work. A valuation-genealogical approach
to complete education environment of family and educational
institution is the methodological basis of this educational innovation.
Learning and comprehension by person of values, which are
classified as genealogical ones, productive influences young people’s
spiritually-moral education, civil consciousness, tolerance and
patriotic feelings.
Teacher’s Psychological Culture
Authors: Кряхтунов  , Kryakhtunov M. 
Published: January 2016

The article describes the features of teacher’s psychological culture, the system of values that it represents. Such values as Man, Contact,
Experience and Development are defined. The features of teachers’ behavior in different situations of communication: with students, colleagues,
students’ parents, are described; different positions of the teacher and feedback of interviewees are analyzed.
Epidemiological Analysis on 3614 Patients with Temporo-Mandibular Disorders (TMD) Basic Statistical Aspects
Authors: Jurkemik J , Janickova M , Malachovsky I , Rozic L , Chmurny M , Statelova D 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The aim of this work was to present data from a large sample of patients with Temporo-Mandibular Disorders (TMD) in order to clarify some aspects of the development of pathological conditions that affect large parts of the population. In the past years there was a rapid growth of the incidence of the temporomandibular dissorders. The ethiopathogenesis is in most cases unclear. Based on the latest information supposed are the biopsychosocial factors.
Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia of the Mandible
Authors: Malachovsky I , Statelova D , Janickova M , Jurkemik J , Adamicova K 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Condylar hyperplasia (CH) of the mandible is a rare pathology that occurs at the head of the condyle and can lead to facial asymmetry affecting occlusion and possible association with pain and dysfunction. Unilateral condylar hyperplasia is an uncommon condition of unknown aetiology, proper diagnosis of which has to be established, as the patients may look for surgical help. A rare case of unilateral condylar hyperplasia of the mandible is reported here.
Destruction Mechanism of ZnAl4 as Cast Alloy Subjected to Cavitational Erosion Using Different Laboratory Stands
Authors: Jasionowski R. , Polkowski W. , Zasada D. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The main reason of a cavitational destruction is the mechanical action of cavitation pulses onto the material’s surface. The course of cavitation destruction process is very complex and depends on the physicochemical and structural features of a material. A resistance to cavitation destruction of the material increases with the increase of its mechanical strength, fatigue resistance as well as hardness. Nevertheless, the effect of structural features on the material’s cavitational resistance has been not fully clarified. In the present paper, the cavitation destruction of ZnAl4 as cast alloy was investigated on three laboratory stands: vibration, jet-impact and flow stands. The destruction mechanism of ZnAl4 as cast alloy subjected to cavitational erosion using various laboratory stands is shown in the present paper.
Effect of Sand Wetting on Physically Hardened Moulding Sands Containing a Selected Inorganic Binder. Part 2
Authors: Stachowicz M. , Granat K. , Pałyga Ł. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In the paper, an attempt is made to explain the previously observed increased effectiveness of utilising hydrated sodium water-glass grade 137 after hardening moulding sands with selected physical methods. In the modified process of preparing sandmixes, during stirring components, water as a wetting additive was introduced to the sand-binder system. Presented are examination results of influence of faster microwave heating and slower traditional drying of the so-prepared moulding sands on their tensile and bending strength, calculated per weight fraction of the binder. The measurement results were confronted with SEM observations of linking bridges and with chemical analyses of grain surfaces of high-silica base. On the grounds of comprehensive evaluation of hardened moulding sands, positive effects were found of the applied physical process of binder dehydration and presence of the wetting additive. It was observed that introduction of this additive during stirring, before adding the binder, improves flowing the binder to the places where durable linking bridges are created. It was also found that the applied methods of hardening by dehydration enable creation of very durable linking bridges, strongly connected with the sand base, which results in damages of high-silica grain surfaces, when the bridges are destroyed.
Applicability of Business Rules to Production Management in Foundries
Authors: Stawowy A. , Duda J. , Wrona R. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The size and complexity of decision problems in production systems and their impact on the economic results of companies make it necessary to develop new methods of solving these problems. One of the latest methods of decision support is business rules management. This approach can be used for the quantitative and qualitative decision, among them to production management. Our study has shown that the concept of business rules BR can play at most a supporting role in manufacturing management, but alone cannot form a complete solution for production management in foundries.
Modelling of the Dendritic Crystallization by the Cellular Automaton Method
Authors: Zyska A. , Konopka Z. , Łągiewka M. , Nadolski M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A numerical model of binary alloy crystallization, based on the cellular automaton technique, is presented. The model allows to follow the crystallization front movement and to generate the images of evolution of the dendritic structures during the solidification of a binary alloy. The mathematic description of the model takes into account the proceeding thermal, diffusive, and surface phenomena. There are presented the results of numerical simulations concerning the multi-dendritic growth of solid phase along with the accompanying changes in the alloying element concentration field during the solidification of Al + 5% wt. Mg alloy. The model structure of the solidified casting was achieved and compared with the actual structure of a die casting. The dendrite interaction was studied with respect to its influence on the generation and growth of the primary and secondary dendrite arms and on the evolution of solute segregation both in the liquid and in the solid state during the crystallization of the examined alloy. The morphology of a single, free-growing dendritic crystal was also modelled. The performed investigations and analyses allowed to state e.g. that the developed numerical model correctly describes the actual evolution of the dendritic structure under the non-equilibrium conditions and provides for obtaining the qualitatively correct results of simulation of the crystallization process.
Solidification Front of Oriented Ledeburite
Authors: Trepczyńska-Łent M. , Olejnik E. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Directional solidification of the Fe - 4,3 wt % C alloy was performed with the pulling rate equal to v=83 μm/s. Sample was frozen during solidification to reveal the shape of the solid/liquid interface. Structures eutectic pyramid and spherolitic eutectic were observed. The solidification front of ledeburite eutectic was revealed. The leading phase was identified and defined.
Tin-Copper-Lead Alloy Produced by Horizontal Centrifugal Casting
Authors: Vahdat S.E. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Horizontal centrifugal casting is an effective method for the production of hollow metal with good mechanical properties, low defect, cast to size and relatively cheap. The ability of a metal to satisfy the above requirements highly depends on its microstructure. In this study, the relationship between microstructural parameters such as grain size and the amount of phases with bulk hardness of SnCu4Pb3 is concerned in three areas of the product. Consequently, to achieve the desired hardness of the product in a particular area, the interaction of two factors of the microstructure including, grain size and particles amount of the hard intermetallic compositions (Cu6Sn5) should be noted.
Evaluation method of single blow experiment for the determination of heat transfer coefficient and dispersive Peclet number
Authors: Roetzel Wilfried , Na Ranong Chakkrit 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
An evaluation method is developed for single blow experiments with liquids on heat exchangers. The method is based on the unity Mach number dispersion model. The evaluation of one experiment yields merely one equation for the two unknowns, the number of transfer units and the dispersive Peclet number. Calculations on an example confirm that one single blow test alone cannot provide reliable values of the unknowns. A second test with a liquid of differing heat capacity is required, or a tracer experiment for the measurement of the Peclet number. A modified method is developed for gases. One experiment yields the effective number of transfer units and approximate values of the two unknowns. The numerical evaluation of calculated experiments demonstrates the applicability of the evaluation methods.
Investigation of flow structures during HFE-7100 refrigerant condensation
Authors: Bohdal Tadeusz , Sikora Małgorzata , Widomska Katarzyna , Radchenko Andrii M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The experimental research of environmentally friendly refrigerant HFE-7100 condensation in pipe minichannels was conducted. During the investigations of HFE-7100 condensation in a minichannel with internal diameter 2 mm together with visualization of flow patterns was made. Visualization results were compared with existing flow structure maps. The identification of the range of flow patterns occurrence during the condensation process of low-pressure refrigerant HFE-7100 was made. The tests were performed throughout the whole range of condensation process.
On the scores and degrees in hypertournaments
Authors: Pirzada Shariefuddin , Raja Rameez , Iványi Antal 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A k-hypertournament H = (V, A), where V is the vertex set and A is an arc set, is a complete k-hypergraph with each k-edge endowed with an orientation, that is, a linear arrangement of the vertices contained in the edge. In a k-hypertournament, the score si
(losing score ri
) of a vertex is the number of edges containing vi
in which vi
is not the last element(in which vi
is the last element) and the total score of a vertex vi
is ti = si − ri
. For v ∈ V we denote

d
H
+

=

∑

a
∈
H

ρ
(
v
,
a
)

$d_H^ + = \sum\limits_{a \in H} {\rho (v,a)} $

(or simply d+
(v)) the degree of a vertex where, ρ(v, a) is k − i if v ∈ a ∈ A and v is the ith entry in a, otherwise zero. In this paper, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a k-hypertournament to be degree regular. We use the inequalities of Holder and Chebyshev from mathematical analysis to study the score and degree structure of the k-hypertournaments.
Aggravation of Risk and Precautionary Measures in Non-Life Insurance: A Tricky Scope for the Insurer?
Authors: Olavi-Jüri Luik , Rainer Ratnik , Magnus Braun 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Aggravation of risk and failure to take precautionary measures are focal issues in non-life insurance in terms of potential partial or full release of the insurer from the duty to perform. Not infrequently, it is difficult to draw a line between the aggravation of risk on the one hand, and non-compliance with precautionary measures on the other, since a particular action by a policyholder may present both situations. At the same time, the legal remedies available to the insurer regarding these two situations are different in scope. The aggravation of risk and non-compliance with precautionary measures are precisely the bases on which insurers actually reduce indemnity or refuse to compensate for damages. This article explores the differences between insurance laws in the Baltic states—specifically, the Estonian Law of Obligations Act, the Latvian Insurance Contract Law and Lithuanian rules contained in the Civil Code and Insurance Law. The article explores the differences between the Baltic states’ insurance laws and the Principles of European Insurance Contract Law (PEICL) with regard to a policyholder’s duty in relation to aggravation of risk and precautionary measures, as the rights and obligations of policyholders do change where the optional instrument is applied. The article also includes comparisons to German, Finnish and Russian insurance law.
Selenium induced selenocysteine methyltransferase gene expression and antioxidant enzyme activities in Astragalus chrysochlorus
Authors: Çakir Özgür , Turgut-Kara Neslihan , Ari Şule 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Astragalus sp. are used in folk medicine because of their biological activities and are known for the ability to accumulate high levels of selenium (Se). The purpose of this study was to explore gene expression of selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT), responsible for forming MeSeCys, and activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymes in callus tissues of Astragalus chrysochlorus growing in different Se-containing media. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was done for quantification of SMT gene transcript and it was normalized to actin gene. It was found that transcript level of callus tissues grown at 5.2 μM and 26.4 μM Se-enriched media was lower than that of the control callus. In contrast, a high level of Se (132.3 μM) in the medium caused an approximately 4.26 times higher level of SMT transcript in callus than the control. APX, POX, CAT and GR enzymes were all effected by different Se concentrations. While POX and APX activities were higher then control, CAT and GR activities decreased. These results show that an increase of SMT gene expression led to a rise in APX and POX, but a suppression of CAT and GR enzymes activities in Astragalus chrysochlorus. This suggests that Se could be involved in the antioxidant metabolism in Astragalus chrysochlorus.
Preliminary Studies About Knowledge and Applications of Science Mnemonics by Polish Pupils
Authors: Jurowski Kamil , Jurowska Anna , Krzeczkowska Małgorzata 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Mnemonic devices are specific ways, which during coding new information apply known elements for improving subsequent access to that information in the memory. Consequently, not much is known about techniques for optimizing recall performance with mnemonic devices or the suitability of using mnemonic devices in educational applications. Moreover, in literature there are a lot of examples in chemistry, biology, physics and mathematics mnemonics approaches, however in the related literature, there is a lack of current and reliable studies for this subject. In this original work we describe mnemonic methods from this point of view in the learning and teachings of science subjects. A large trumps of this article is the demonstration of the old well-known method of the learning/teaching in the new scene. This is the first article in literature that present actual data about this topic according to learning and studying the science subjects by mnemonic studies.
Evaluation of the Usefulness of Selected Computer Programs in the Context of Educating Students of the Environmental Engineering
Authors: Krzeszowski Światosław 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The article presents the evaluation of usefulness of selected computer applications applied in the process of educating students from ordered specialty Environmental Engineering who study at the Silesian University of Technology in the faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering. The evaluation was carried out by means of the analysis of questionnaires filled in by the graduates of the first cycle degree programme at the aforementioned specialty. The analysis was carried out for both, the area of application of the selected software related to the didactic process and the area of the software application in the predicted professional career of the students surveyed.
Use of the ImageJ Program to Assess the Damage of Plants By Snails
Authors: Stawarczyk Michał , Stawarczyk Kinga 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Laboratory tests using image analysis are one of the types of experimental methods in plant protection. They are used in the evaluation of crop damage by pests, also useful in testing the effectiveness of active substances of plant protection products. The most popular of these analyses are the so called “circular tests”, comprising in administering to the insects and snails the fragments of leaves and measuring the amount of consumed surface. The paper presents a method of analysis of damage to lettuce leaves using ImageJ application. The way of presenting the results was also proposed. This procedure can be used in various analyses of biological sciences and evaluating the dietary preferences of pests. Access to the application ImageJ is free, and flexible configuration allows for any setting parameters of the program, the opportunity to work in different environments and low system requirements allow you to make many accurate measurements in a short time without the need to purchase expensive specialized hardware.
Ponds Syrenie Stawy in Szczecin - Changes of Selected Water Quality Chemical Indices
Authors: Poleszczuk Gorzysław , Miller Tymoteusz , Tokarz Małgorzata 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The possibility of using - to a wider inference - water quality test results of stream Osowka flowing through ponds Syrenie Stawy in Szczecin (NW-Poland) - in particular the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC) and the total concentrations of nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) - conducted in the years 1994 to 2014 was analyzed. The examined indices were classified according to Official Standards currently in force in Poland. Changes of water quality as it flows through the ponds were identified. Multivariate linear regression equations were calculated, endearing statistically significant relationship between successive test indicators (yi
) and other indices (xi
) and deadlines for measurement periods (Ti
) has been made. This allowed in general to characterize water quality, determine the quality changes along the path of flow through ponds and discern what processes biohydrogeochemical within the ecosystem changes affected their quality.