bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding remote Aboriginal drug and alcohol residential rehabilitation clients: Who attends, who leaves and who stays?
Authors: Munro Alice , Shakeshaft Anthony , Breen Courtney , Clare Philip , Allan Julaine , Henderson Norm 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsAboriginal residential rehabilitation services provide healing for Aboriginal people who misuse substances. There is limited available research that empirically describes client characteristics of these services. This study examined 5 years of data of a remote Aboriginal residential rehabilitation service.Design and MethodsRetrospective analysis of 329 client admissions to Orana Haven Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation Centre from 2011 to 2016. Multinomial and binary logistic regressions were conducted to identify trends in the data.ResultsThere were 66 admissions recorded annually, of which most identified as Aboriginal (85%). Mean length of stay was 56 days, with one in three (36%) discharging within the first month. A third (32%) completed, 47% self‐discharged and 20% house‐discharged from the program. Client age significantly increased over time (P = 0.03), with most aged from 26 to 35. Older clients were significantly more likely to readmit (P < 0.002) and stay longer than 90 days (P = 0.02). Most clients were referred from the criminal justice system, significantly increasing from 79% (2011–2012) to 96% (2015–2016) (P < 0.001) and these clients were more likely to self‐discharge (P < 0.01). Among a subset of clients, most (69%) reported concerns with polysubstance use and half (51%) reported mental illness.Discussion and ConclusionsThe current study makes a unique contribution to the literature by empirically describing the characteristics of clients of a remote Aboriginal residential rehabilitation service to more accurately tailor the service to the client's needs. Key recommendations include integrating these empirical observations with staff and client perceptions to co‐design a model of care, standardise data collection, and routinely following‐up clients to monitor treatment effectiveness.
Small variations in climate and soil conditions may have greater influence on multitaxon species occurrences than past and present human activities in temperate mountain forests
Authors: Janssen Philippe , Fuhr Marc , Bouget Christophe 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimHuman activity is known to greatly influence species occurrences. In forest ecosystems, biodiversity is often believed to be influenced by two habitat characteristics: (1) forest continuity, related to a minimum length of time in a wooded state since a threshold date; and (2) stand maturity, related to the availability of late‐developmental‐forest attributes. In a context of ongoing global biodiversity loss, qualifying the effect of past and present human activity on forest ecosystems while taking into account variations in abiotic factors is of primary importance for conservation.LocationTemperate mountain forests in the Northern Alps.MethodBased upon a sampling design crossing forest continuity (ancient vs. Recent) and stand maturity (mature vs. overmature), and while controlling for the effect of two major environmental factors, soil and climate, we explored the individual response of saproxylic beetle, springtail, herbaceous plant and epiphytic macrolichen species to past and present human activity.ResultsForest continuity influenced the occurrence of relatively few species, indicating that past land use had almost no legacy effect on the species occurring in the study forests today. In contrast, stand maturity had an overall positive effect on species occurrences. However, our results showed that species occurrences were more obviously influenced by abiotic conditions. Indeed, beyond the effect of continuity and maturity factors, the probability of presence of numerous species was best explained by climate and soil.Main conclusionsOverall, we show that species occurrence was more influenced by stand maturity than by forest continuity, but also that site‐specific characteristics were of great importance in explaining the probability of presence for numerous species. In the ecological context of alpine forests, these findings emphasize the need to better control for climatic and edaphic conditions in order to (1) improve accuracy in predicting species occurrence and (2) better design areas of conservation interest.
Intrathecal baclofen therapy in children: an analysis of individualized goals
Authors: Liew Peck Yee , Stewart Kirsty , Khan Debra , Arnup Sarah Jane , Scheinberg Adam 
Published: January 2018

AimTo determine whether intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy improves performance and performance satisfaction in goal areas identified by patients' parents.MethodThis study formed part of an ongoing multicentre national audit involving six paediatric ITB pump implant centres across Australia. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was the primary outcome measure utilized at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after pump implants in paediatric patients receiving ITB therapy for the first time between 31st December 2009 and 31st December 2014.ResultsTwenty‐five children had goals identified (mean age 11y 1mo), 19 had a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and 22 were at Gross Motor Function Classification System level IV, V, or equivalent. Strong evidence for an improvement in goal performance (2.33, 95% CI 1.70, 2.96, p<0.001) and performance satisfaction scores (3.08, 95% CI 2.28, 3.88, p<0.001) were demonstrated at 6 months, compared to baseline. The differences were clinically significant and were sustained to 12 months.InterpretationITB therapy in paediatric patients with hypertonia results in clinically significant improvements in average performance and performance satisfaction scores.What this paper adds

The most commonly identified goals of parents of children treated with intrathecal (ITB) therapy were: improving ease of dressing, positioning, and transfers.

ITB therapy is effective in improving performance and performance satisfaction in children with hypertonia.

Score improvements are mainly evident within the first 6 months of therapy.
Severity of Xanthomonas axonopodis leaf blight on eucalypt cuttings under different levels of nutrients
Authors: Silva A. G. , Machado P. S. , Barros N. F. , Fonseca S. , Alfenas A. C. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBacterial leaf blight of eucalypt, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis, occurs mainly in forest nurseries, but also affects young plants in the field. Avoidance of leaf wetness for long periods of time over the whole nursery and using drip irrigation for clonal hedges are, currently, the most effective measures for controlling bacterial leaf blight on eucalypt. However, as these techniques are very costly, alternative management measures are required. We hypothesized that the management of mineral nutrients could reduce disease severity on eucalypts. To examine this hypothesis, rooted cuttings of Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis were irrigated with nutrient solutions containing different concentrations of copper (Cu), boron (Bo), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and nitrogen (N) before inoculation with X. axonopodis 30 days after starting the nutrient solution treatments. Concentration of K higher than that recommended, commonly used in miniclonal hedges, reduced the severity of bacterial leaf blight. However, disease severity increased with an increasing of N/K ratio. The management of mineral nutrition solution, especially K, has great potential for integrated disease management of X. axonopodis in eucalypt nurseries.
Perfusion computed tomography in posterior circulation stroke: predictors and prognostic implications of focal hypoperfusion
Authors: Pallesen L.‐P. , Lambrou D. , Eskandari A. , Barlinn J. , Barlinn K. , Reichmann H. , Dunet V. , Maeder P. , Puetz V. , Michel P. 
Published: January 2018

Background and purposeThe aim was to determine the predictors of focal hypoperfusion on computed tomography (CT) perfusion (CTP) in patients with acute posterior circulation stroke and its association with long‐term outcome.MethodsPatients with posterior circulation stroke were selected from the Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne (ASTRAL) who underwent CTP within 24 h of stroke onset as part of the stroke imaging protocol. Hypoperfusion was defined as an area of visually well demarcated mean transit time prolongation corresponding to an arterial territory on standard reconstruction CTP imaging maps. Areas of hypoperfusion were assessed with the posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early CT Score. Clinical and imaging associations with focal hypoperfusion were identified using multiple imputation analyses, and the adjusted functional outcome measured by the modified Rankin Scale at 3 and 12 months was determined.ResultsOf the 3595 consecutive patients from the ASTRAL registry between 2003 and 2014, 1070 (29.7%) had a posterior circulation stroke and 436 of these (40.7%) patients had a good quality baseline CTP. 23.1% had early ischaemic changes and 37.4% had focal hypoperfusion. In multiple imputation analysis, visual field deficits, reduced level of consciousness, cardiac and multiple stroke mechanisms, significant vessel pathology and ischaemic changes visible on plain CT were associated with focal hypoperfusion. Focal hypoperfusion was independently associated with outcome at 12 months (odds ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.22–3.42, P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn posterior circulation stroke patients undergoing acute CTP, multiple clinical, aetiological and radiological variables were associated with focal hypoperfusion. Patients with focal hypoperfusion had a worse 12‐month outcome.
Oocyte recruitment and fecundity type in fishes: Refining terms to reflect underlying processes and drivers
Authors: Ganias Kostas , Lowerre‐Barbieri Susan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOnly with new technology and the ability to simulate systems are we beginning to understand fish reproductive processes at the individual scale over time. Traditionally, oocyte recruitment and fecundity type in fishes have been based on a “snapshot” approach, that is a histological micrograph and/or oocyte size frequency distribution of a spawning capable female has been assumed to indicate oocyte recruitment processes over time. This has important implications as the asynchronous and group‐synchronous oocyte recruitment patterns are associated with indeterminate and determinate fecundity types, respectively, and thus affect estimates of reproductive potential and spawning biomass (if using egg production methods). However, a historic review of these terms revealed that they are not applied consistently, with the same oocyte recruitment pattern often assigned to both of these by different scientists. The intent of this study is to develop a conceptual model of oocyte recruitment processes over time, key drivers, and resulting “snapshots” to refine oocyte recruitment terms, definitions, and the methods needed to identify them.
Effect of initial hardness on the thermal fatigue behavior of AISI H13 steel by experimental sand numerical investigations
Authors: Li J. , Shi Y. , Wu X. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBased on the Uddeholm thermal fatigue test, the mechanism of thermal fatigue crack initiation and propagation and the influence of initial hardness on the thermal fatigue behavior of AISI H13 steel were investigated. Furthermore, an electromagnetic‐thermo‐mechanical coupled finite element model was established to analyze the temperature evolution and stress accumulation in specimen during thermal cycles. The experimental results demonstrate that, after 3000 thermal cycles, the surface hardness of specimen markedly decreases, and the lath martensite structure seems to completely evolve into a mixture of ferrite and irregularly sphere‐like and bar‐like M23C6 and M6C carbides. According to the numerical results, the effective stress of specimen will increase slightly after every thermal cycle. It presents a distinct stress accumulation phenomenon with increasing number of thermal cycles. Especially at the corner of specimen, it is more significant. The thermal fatigue test results also prove that it is a major site where the initiation and propagation of thermal fatigue primary cracks occur. Both the numerical and experimental results suggest that specimen with initial hardness of 46HRC has the slowest stress accumulation rate, the lowest thermal fatigue damage factor, and the longest thermal fatigue life.
Fatigue assessment of metallic components under uniaxial and multiaxial variable amplitude loading
Authors: Carpinteri A. , Vantadori S. , Łagoda T. , Karolczuk A. , Kurek M. , Ronchei C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn the present paper, the fatigue lifetime of metallic structural components subjected to variable amplitude loading is evaluated by applying 2 different multiaxial high‐cycle fatigue criteria. Such criteria, proposed by some of the present authors, are based on the critical plane approach and aim at reducing a given multiaxial stress state to an equivalent uniaxial stress condition. In particular, the procedure employed by both criteria consists of the following 3 steps: (1) definition of the critical plane; (2) counting of loading cycles; and (3) estimation of fatigue damage. Finally, the previous criteria are validated by comparing the theoretical results with experimental data related to smooth metallic specimens subjected to uniaxial and multiaxial variable amplitude loading.
A new macroecological pattern: The latitudinal gradient in species range shape
Authors: Castro‐Insua Adrián , Gómez‐Rodríguez Carola , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Baselga Andrés 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimWe analyse the latitudinal variation of range shape, testing whether ranges at higher latitudes or of larger size tend to be elongated in an east–west direction, as expected from climatic niche constraints. Additionally, we assess whether poleward range limits are less stochastic than equatorward limits.LocationGlobal; all terrestrial areas except Antarctica.Time periodContemporaneous.Major taxa studiedBirds and mammals.MethodsWe quantified the shape of the distribution ranges of 10,057 species of birds and 5,411 species of mammals, and assessed the relationship of range shape with latitude and range size using generalized additive models. The observed pattern was compared with that predicted by a null model, in which species ranges were constrained only by the shape of the landmasses. Furthermore, we divided each range in two polygons and measured their separate perimeters, to compare the limits of the poleward and equatorward portions of each range.ResultsIn terrestrial mammals and birds, only species living at higher latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere and with large range sizes have ranges that consistently tend to be elongated in an east–west direction. The difference between observed and null range shapes increases from the Southern Hemisphere and the tropics towards the north. The difference between equatorward and poleward semi‐perimeters was relevant only in the Southern Hemisphere, and it is probably explained by the shape of the continents.Main conclusionsThe existence of a latitudinal gradient in range shape is consistent with a different role of deterministic and stochastic processes in the tropics versus high latitudes. Specifically, the results are in line with a scenario in which tropical niche conservatism and relatively evolutionarily labile lower thermal tolerance increase the relevance of climate in determining range limits towards the poles, with stochastic factors (e.g., dispersal limitation) more relevant in shaping low‐latitude range limits.
Medievalism: New discipline or scholarly no‐man's land?
Authors: Marsden Richard A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe term “medievalism” refers to how people have, since the 15th century, conceptualised the thousand years of history preceding that date. The study of medievalism is therefore not about the Middle Ages per se, but rather the ways in which the medieval period has been imagined in the centuries since it ended. Yet the field's origins date from as recently as the 1970s. Medievalism Studies is thus still finding its feet and must consequently deal with some existential questions about its scope and remit, its methodological underpinnings, its implications for how history is periodised, and its relationship with more established disciplines. It also faces criticisms of Anglo‐centricism as well as hostility from some historians thanks to the doubts its practitioners raise over established delineations between scholarly and creative depictions of the medieval period. Nonetheless, this new field offers a much‐needed challenge to the calcified disciplinary boundaries that shape academia today.
A More Nordic Norway? Examining Prisons in 21st Century Iceland
Authors: PAKES FRANCIS , GUNNLAUGSSON HELGI 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article seeks to examine the exact status of Iceland in light of the Nordic penal exceptionalism thesis. This thesis considers that punishment in the Nordic countries is fundamentally more benign than that in Anglophone countries (Pratt 2008a, 2008b). Yet from this perspective the remote Nordic country of Iceland remains overlooked. That is unfortunate as, at first sight, there is much to be intrigued about: Iceland's prison rate is very low; Iceland is small and homogeneous which may offer cultural or structural pre‐conditions for a positive penal system. Its penal estate is tiny with a small number of very small prisons. In addition, Iceland has a history of low crime rates and a tradition of lenient sentencing practices. All this makes it interesting to consider whether the penal exceptionalism thesis (Pratt and Eriksson 2011) actually extends to Iceland. To what extent does Iceland fit the Nordic mould of penal practice?
Thermal and structural investigations of xLi2O‐(1−x)Bi2O3 (0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.35) glasses
Authors: Paul Tanmoy , Mountjoy Gavin , Ghosh Aswini 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we have studied the nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization kinetics of xLi2O‐(1−x)Bi2O3 (0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.35) glasses, using differential scanning calorimetry. Both the energies of glass transition and crystallization are estimated, using the Ozawa and Kissinger methods for nonisothermal crystallization. The modified Johnson‐Mehl‐Avrami (JMA) equation is used to estimate the nature of nucleation and crystal growth during the nonisothermal crystallization. The nature of nucleation and crystal growth is also determined by the Sestak‐Berggren model for the non‐isothermal crystallization. On the other hand, the JMA equation describes the diffusion controlled growth of crystallites for isothermal crystallization. Nature of crystal growth is identified by scanning electron micrographs both non‐isothermally and isothermally. In situ low frequency Raman spectra are analyzed to determine the degree of amorphous nature below onset of crystallization temperature for the glasses. Transition from local ordering to high range ordering of BiO6 octahedral units after crystallization is also identified, using Raman susceptibility spectra.
Family Firm Goals and their Effects on Strategy, Family and Organization Behavior: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Williams Ralph I. , Pieper Torsten M. , Kellermanns Franz W. , Astrachan Joseph H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGoals are a key differentiator between family businesses and non‐family businesses. To improve understanding of this topic, the authors take stock of what they know about goals in family business. They synthesize prior research findings and classify the research into five categories: family business goal antecedents; goal characteristics; goal‐related outcomes; moderators of goal outcomes; and feedback loop. The paper concludes by highlighting future research to advance both family business goal and general management research.
Epidemiology and molecular characterization of influenza viruses in Burkina Faso, sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Sanou Armel M. , Wandaogo Sampoko Carine M. , Poda Armel , Tamini Laure , Kyere Anselme E. , Sagna Tani , Ouedraogo Macaire S. , Pauly Maude , Hübschen Judith M. , Muller Claude P. , Tarnagda Zekiba , Snoeck Chantal J. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundThe importance of influenza viruses in respiratory infections in sub‐Saharan Africa has been historically overlooked, including in Burkina Faso.ObjectivesThis study therefore aimed at evaluating the prevalence and seasonal occurrence of influenza viruses in children under 5 years old, at risk of influenza‐related complications, presenting with influenza‐like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). The study also aimed at identifying the periods with increased influenza transmission for vaccination recommendations in Burkina Faso.MethodsFrom January 2014 to December 2015, ILI and SARI (2015 only) patients were recruited in six healthcare centers in Burkina Faso. Influenza A and B molecular detection and subtyping were performed. Clade clustering of a subset of A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) strains was deduced by performing phylogenetic analyses on hemagglutinin gene sequences. Weekly surveillance data from FluNet (2011‐2013; 2016) and this study (2014‐2015) were used to identify periods of increased influenza activity.ResultsInfluenza A and B viruses were detected in 15.1% (112 of 743) of ILI and 6.6% (12 of 181) of SARI patients. Overall, influenza A viruses were largely predominant (81 of 124, 65.3%), with 69.1% of A(H3N2) and 30.9% of A(H1N1)pdm09 strains. Four waves of increased transmission were identified in 2014‐2015, each dominated by different influenza subtypes and clades. Between 2011 and 2016, periods of increased influenza activity varied in their frequency, duration, and timing.ConclusionInfluenza A and B viruses were detected in a substantial number of ILI and SARI cases in Burkina Faso. Vaccination in September‐October would likely protect the highest number of patients.
The effects of work factors on nurses’ job satisfaction, quality of care and turnover intentions in oncology
Authors: Gillet Nicolas , Fouquereau Evelyne , Coillot Hélène , Cougot Baptiste , Moret Leïla , Dupont Sophie , Bonnetain Franck , Colombat Philippe 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimsWe examined the effects of perceived supervisor support, value congruence and hospital nurse staffing on nurses’ job satisfaction through the satisfaction of the three psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness. Then, we examined the links between job satisfaction and quality of care as well as turnover intentions from the workplace.BackgroundThere is growing interest in the relationships between work factors and nurses’ job satisfaction. However, minimal research has investigated the effects of perceived supervisor support, value congruence and staffing on nurses’ job satisfaction and the psychological mechanisms by which these factors lead to positive outcomes.DesignA cross‐sectional questionnaire was distributed in 11 oncology units between September 2015 ‐ February 2016.MethodData were collected from a sample of 144 French nurses who completed measures of perceived supervisor support, value congruence, staffing adequacy, psychological need satisfaction, job satisfaction, quality of care and turnover intentions.ResultsThe hypothesized model was tested with path analyses. Results revealed that psychological need satisfaction partially mediated the effects of perceived supervisor support, value congruence and hospital nurse staffing on job satisfaction. Moreover, job satisfaction was positively associated with quality of care and negatively linked to turnover intentions.ConclusionOverall, these findings provide insight into the influence of perceived supervisor support, value congruence and staffing on nurses’ attitudes and behaviours.