bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximate factors and potential benefits influencing selection of Psychotria suterella for shelter by the harvestman Jussara spec.
Authors: Pagoti Guilherme Ferreira , Peñaflor Maria Fernanda Gomes Villalba , Marabesi Mauro Alexandre , Bento José Maurício Simões , Willemart Rodrigo Hirata 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHarvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) are arachnids that rely on chemicals for communication and are particularly dependent on high humidity. The harvestman Jussara spec. (Sclerosomatidae) clearly prefers to rest on the stem and leaves of Psychotria suterella Muell. Arg. (Rubiaceae), a plant having a complex architecture of overlapping branches. So far, few studies have focused on understanding how harvestmen find their host plant and the benefits associated with the selected plant. Here, we investigated cues harvestmen may exploit to find P. suterella and the potential benefits for harvestmen of this interaction. To address how harvestmen find the plant, we tested two non‐exclusive hypotheses: harvestmen use chemicals from conspecifics, and/or harvestmen use chemicals from plants. For the first hypothesis, we assessed the number of harvestmen choosing P. suterella with or without chemicals of Jussara spec. on the main stem. We did not find evidence that Jussara spec. uses chemicals from conspecifics to select P. suterella, at least in isolation, without any mechanical stimuli such as stem texture or size. For the second hypothesis, we tested harvestman behavior exposed to volatiles from P. suterella, a non‐preferred host plant – Impatiens walleriana Hook.f. (Balsaminaceae) – and a blank treatment, both in a triangular arena and in a Y‐tube olfactometer. We also found no evidence that the harvestmen use plant volatiles to find it. We also tested two non‐exclusive hypotheses regarding the benefits of selecting P. suterella for harvestmen. The first hypothesis is that P. suterella offers a higher humidity than other plants in the micro‐environment surrounding the leaves because of a high leaf transpiration rate. Harvestmen could benefit from this because they rest with the body in contact with the leaf or at less than 5 mm from it. We did not find evidence that leaf transpiration rate is important for Jussara spec., as P. suterella did not present high rates compared to other local species. The second hypothesis is that the leaves of P. suterella provide a better shadow than other plants, acting as a sun shade due to its complex architecture with overlapping leaves. We measured light passage through the leaves of P. suterella and three other local species and found that less light passes through the leaves of P. suterella, which therefore provides darker shadow. This potentially provides a favorable micro‐climate for harvestmen, which might help to explain the micro‐habitat preference of Jussara spec.
Measuring host plant selection and retention of Halyomorpha halys by a trap crop
Authors: Blaauw Brett R. , Morrison William R. , Mathews Clarissa , Leskey Tracy C. , Nielsen Anne L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTrap cropping may exploit a pest's dispersal and host selection behavior in order to protect a desired crop. Here, we used a combination of visual sampling, immunomarking, and harmonic radar to assess host plant selection and retention time of the highly mobile and invasive Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), as it moves within and between a polyculture trap crop of sorghum and sunflower, and a bell pepper cash crop. Visual sampling demonstrated no significant differences in H. halys densities across crops, whereas dislodging stink bugs to collect for protein analysis revealed ca. 4× more bugs in the trap crop plants than in the peppers. In total 145 H. halys were collected and of these 6% were doubly marked with proteins, demonstrating that minimal movement occurred between the two planting systems. Tracking tagged H. halys with harmonic radar revealed that the trap crop retained adult H. halys within the plots 1.5× longer and reduced their movement by nearly half compared with bugs released in the pepper cash crop. The data suggest the trap crop of sunflower plus sorghum has the potential to attract and arrest the invasive H. halys, demonstrating that trap cropping may operate as an effective management tool.
The Epistemological Problem of Other Minds and the Knowledge Asymmetry
Authors: Sollberger Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe traditional epistemological problem of other minds seeks to answer the following question: how can we know someone else's mental states? The problem is often taken to be generated by a fundamental asymmetry in the means of knowledge. In my own case, I can know directly what I think and feel. This sort of self‐knowledge is epistemically direct in the sense of being non‐inferential and non‐observational. My knowledge of other minds, however, is thought to lack these epistemic features. So what is the basic source of my knowledge of other minds if I know my mind in such a way that I cannot know the minds of others? The aim of this paper is to clarify and assess the pivotal role that the asymmetry in respect of knowledge plays within a broadly inferentialist approach to the epistemological problem of other minds. The received dogma has always been to endorse the asymmetry for conceptual reasons and to insist that the idea of knowing someone else's mental life in the same way as one knows one's own mind is a complete non‐starter. Against this, I aim to show that it is at best a contingent matter that creatures such as us cannot know other minds just as we know a good deal of our own minds and also that the idea of having someone else's mind in one's own introspective reach is not obviously self‐contradictory. So the dogma needs to be revisited. As a result, the dialectical position of those inferentialists who believe that we know about someone else's mentality in virtue of an analogical inference will be reinforced.
Epileptic manifestations in stroke patients treated with intravenous alteplase
Authors: Bentes C. , Martins H. , Peralta A. R. , Morgado C. , Casimiro C. , Franco A. C. , Fonseca A. C. , Geraldes R. , Canhão P. , Pinho e Melo T. , Paiva T. , Ferro J. M. 
Published: April 2017

Background and purposeIntravenous alteplase (rtPA) may be associated with seizures and epileptic activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG). The aim of this work was to compare the frequency of seizures and EEG abnormalities between stroke patients treated and not treated with rtPA.MethodsThis was a prospective study of consecutive acute anterior circulation ischaemic stroke patients, with 1‐year follow‐up. Patients were previously independent, had an admission National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score ≥4, an acute ischaemic lesion and no previous seizures. They received standardized diagnostic and medical care. A video‐EEG was performed in 72 h (first EEG); during admission (daily until day 7 and after that if neurological worsening); at discharge and 1 year after stroke.ResultsIn all, 151 patients (101 treated with rtPA) were included. The frequency of acute and remote symptomatic seizures was not significantly different between rtPA treated and non‐treated patients (P = 0.726 and P = 0.748, respectively). Clinical paroxysmal phenomena during rtPA perfusion were observed in five (5%) patients. In the first EEG, rtPA treated patients more often had background diffuse slowing (43.6% vs. 26.0%, P = 0.036). This difference was no longer observed at discharge (24.0% vs. 19.1%, P = 0.517) nor 1 year after (11.8% vs. 10.0%, P = 0.765). No differences were found in the frequency of epileptiform (P = 0.867) or periodic discharges (P = 0.381).ConclusionsIntravenous alteplase is not associated with an increased risk of clinical or electroencephalographic epileptic phenomena.
Two arginine residues in the COOH‐terminal of human β‐defensin‐3 constitute an essential motif for antimicrobial activity and IL‐6 production
Authors: Sakagami‐Yasui Yoko , Shirafuji Yoshinori , Yamasaki Osamu , Morizane Shin , Hamada Toshihisa , Umemura Hiroshi , Iwatsuki Keiji 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHuman β‐defensin‐3 (HBD‐3) possesses antimicrobial activities and the potential to induce proinflammatory cytokines. HBD‐3 contains a unique motif of two arginine residues (Arg or R) in the COOH‐terminal region. To understand the bioactive properties of the Arg residues of HBD‐3, we examined antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using synthetic HBD‐2, HBD‐3 and two variant peptides of HBD‐3: the Arg‐truncated variant designated desR HBD‐3 and NRR HBD‐3, in which both Arg residues were shifted to the N‐terminal region. IL‐6 production from keratinocytes was studied using the peptides. HBD‐3 possessed approximately five‐fold more potent antimicrobial activities, evaluated as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), against S. aureus compared with desR and NRR HBD‐3, while no significant activity was observed in HBD‐2. The antimicrobial activity of HBD‐3 against S. aureus was well preserved even at high sodium chloride concentrations, but was attenuated in desR and NRR HBD‐3. All the peptides exhibited similar antimicrobial activities against P. aeruginosa, but HBD‐2 and desR HBD‐3 showed diminished antimicrobial activities against P. aeruginosa at high salt concentrations. IL‐6 production was significantly induced in keratinocytes with HBD‐3, but not remarkably with stimulation by other peptide. These Arg residues are essential for the antimicrobial and biological properties of HBD‐3.
Intracellular ROS levels determine the apoptotic potential of keratinocyte by Quantum Dot via blockade of AKT Phosphorylation
Authors: Lee Eun Young , Bae Hyun Cheol , Lee Hana , Jang Yeonsue , Park Yoon‐Hee , Kim Jin Hee , Ryu Woo‐In , Choi Byeong Hyeok , Kim Ji Hyun , Jeong Sang Hoon , Son Sang Wook 
Published: April 2017

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) have shown great potential for biomedical use in a broad range including diagnostic agents. However, the regulatory mechanism of dermal toxicity is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated how QDs‐induced apoptosis is regulated in human keratinocytes. We also examined the effect of carboxylic acid‐coated QDs (QD 565 and QD 655) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis‐related cellular signalling. The viability of keratinocyte was inhibited by two types of QDs in a concentration‐dependent manner. QDs induce ROS production and blockade of AKT phosphorylation. Moreover, the cleavage of AKT‐dependent pro‐apoptotic proteins such as poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase, caspases‐3 and caspases‐9 was significantly increased. We also found that a decrease in cellular ROS level by ROS scavenger, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), resulting in the abolishment of QDs‐induced AKT de‐phosphorylation and cellular apoptosis. Interestingly, QD 655 had a more cytotoxic effect including oxidative stress and AKT‐dependent apoptosis than QD 565. In addition, QD 655 had the cytotoxic potential in the human skin equivalent model (HSEM). These data show that QD‐induced intracellular ROS levels may be an important parameter in QD‐induced apoptosis. These findings from this study indicate that intracellular ROS levels might determine the apoptotic potential of keratinocyte by QD via blockade of AKT phosphorylation.
“Cough Hemicrania” – An Overlapping Form of Headache: Case Reports
Authors: Pavão Martins Isabel , Viana Pedro 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo describe two patients with recurring unilateral brief headaches that fulfilled criteria for both primary cough headache (CH) and chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH).BackgroundCH is typically a bilateral headache, specifically triggered by cough, straining, or other Valsalva maneuvers. The report of cases sharing features with other primary headache disorders, such as CPH, suggest common pathogenic mechanisms.MethodsCase reports.ResultsTwo patients (one man), aged 55 and 64, had a two‐year history of daily, unilateral, side‐locked headache attacks, lasting about 15 minutes, and associated with ipsilateral tearing. Headaches were triggered by cough, sneezing, laughing, or bending forward. Both patients experienced a marked and sustained improvement with indomethacin, and both relapsed when it was interrupted.ConclusionsThese cases suggest the existence of transitional phenotypes, or shared pathogenic mechanisms, between CH and CPH, two indomethacin‐responsive headaches. A more comprehensive analysis of different CH subtypes is necessary to understand their relation with other primary headaches.
Decreased expression of EphA5 is associated with Fuhrman nuclear grade and pathological tumour stage in ccRCC
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Xu Haifei , Wu Zhijun , Chen Xiao , Wang Jiandong 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe incidence of renal cell carcinoma is increasing all over the world. The molecular mechanisms for tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis are still unknown. The erythropoietin‐producing hepatoma amplified sequence (Eph) receptors have been reported to be expressed aberrantly in many types of human cancers and in particular EphA5 may play a role in certain human cancers. In this study, a set of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues were subjected to immunohistochemistry. The relationship between EphA5 protein expression and clinicopathological parameters was statistically analysed. Our data show that EphA5 protein was negatively (0) or weakly (1+) expressed in 48 of 78 (61.5%), moderately (2+) expressed in 15 of 78 (19.2%) and strongly (3+) expressed in 15 of 78 (19.2%) tumour samples of ccRCC. Decreased expression of EphA5 was detected more often in females than in males (P = 0.017, rs = −0.267). Expression of EphA5 was related negatively to Fuhrman grade (P = 0.013, rs = −0.279) and pathological tumour stage pT (P = 0.003, rs = −0.334). No relation between the expression of EphA5 and age of patients was found (P = 0.107, rs = 0.184). Fuhrman grade and pT stage are the most important factors used in prognosis of ccRCC. Hence this study may provide a new and useful prognostic marker in the clinical practice of ccRCC.
Estimating the effects of nutrition label use on Canadian consumer diet‐health concerns using propensity score matching
Authors: Anders Sven , Schroeter Christiane 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe overarching goal of nutrition labelling is to transform intrinsic credence attributes into searchable cues, which would enable consumers to make informed food choices at lower search costs. This study estimates the impact of nutrition label usage on Canadian consumers’ (n = 8,114) perceived diet‐health concerns using alternative propensity score matching (PSM) techniques. We apply a series of tests and sensitivity analyses to overcome issues of endogeneity and selection bias frequently found in studies of diet‐health behaviour and to validate the impact of exposure to nutrition facts labels for users vs. non‐users. Our results support the notion that consumer uncertainty and related food‐health concerns are linked to their information behaviour, but not in straightforward manner. Dominant subjective food attributes, such as taste, convenience and affordability, may in fact outweigh the benefits of information about healthier, alternative food choices. In order to change dietary health behaviour, food manufacturer and policy makers alike need to adopt communication instruments that better account for differences in preferences, shopping habits and overall usage patterns of nutrition labelling information.
Promoting green buildings: Do Chinese consumers care about green building enhancements?
Authors: Luo Wen , Kanzaki Mamoru , Matsushita Koji 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper explores sustainability‐related choices about buildings by analysing how consumers rated the relative importance of various attributes of conventional and green buildings. It also analyses how consumers judge environmental and health‐oriented improvements in green buildings. Unlike previous studies, this research applied conjoint analysis to explore the green building market at the consumer's level by regarding green buildings as nondurable green products and services. We used a survey to gather consumer preferences about several green building hotel models which partly applied green energy, modern wood structures and improved indoor environmental quality (IEQ). In total, 341 consumers participated the survey in two of China's largest cities: Beijing and Shanghai. The results revealed that green energy was the most preferred attribute of green buildings, exerting an even stronger overall effect on consumer choice than price. Afterwards, we identified distinct consumer segments and determined the background characteristics of each segment based on the similarities in the preferences for each attribute. The largest consumer segment, consisting of younger consumers, ranked green energy as the most important criterion. However, an improved indoor environmental quality was generally not highly ranked, and individuals in the consumer segment, which included more older and female consumers, were more likely to reject modern wood structures. The results also revealed that higher‐income individuals were most concerned with price, and consumers with higher levels of education were willing to pay more to support green buildings.
Loss of natural killer T cells promotes pancreatic cancer in LSL‐KrasG12D/+ mice
Authors: Janakiram Naveena B. , Mohammed Altaf , Bryant Taylor , Ritchie Rebekah , Stratton Nicole , Jackson Lydgia , Lightfoot Stan , Benbrook Doris M. , Asch Adam S. , Lang Mark L. , Rao Chinthalapally V. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe role of the unique T‐cell population, natural killer T (NKT) cells, which have similar functions to NK cells in pancreatic cancer (PC), is not yet evaluated. To address the regulatory roles of NKT cells on tumour progression through tumour‐associated macrophages (TAM) and their production of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) and 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) in (Kras)‐driven pancreatic tumour (KPT) progression, we crossed CD1d−/− mice deficient in both invariant and variant NKT cells with the KrasG12D mice. Loss of NKT cells significantly increased pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions and also increased 5‐LOX and mPGES‐1 expression in M2‐type macrophages and cancer stem‐like cells in pancreatic tumours. Pharmacological inhibition of mPGES‐1 and 5‐LOX in M2 macrophages with specific inhibitor YS‐121 in KPT‐CD1d−/− mice decreased PanIN lesions and suppressed tumour growth in association with elevated levels of active CD8a cells. Hence, NKT cells regulate PC by modulating TAMs (M2) through mPGES‐1 and 5‐LOX; and the absence of NKT cells leads to aggressive development of PC.
Nondestructively measuring the remanent polarization of PZT 95/5 ceramics at room temperature
Authors: Xu Chenhong , Cao Fei , Chen Xuefeng , Yan Shiguang , Nie Hengchang , Dong Xianlin , Wang Genshui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics are widely utilized in pulsed power devices and the remanent polarization Pr of poled PZT95/5 can characterize the shock‐driven energy density. However, this remanent polarization is difficult to be measured nondestructively. In this article, a series of pyroelectric tests of poled PZT95/5 ceramics were conducted near room temperature, from 25°C to 20°C. A linear relation between Pr and pyroelectric coefficient p was found, that is, Pr=1190.5(K)×p, which provides an effective way to nondestructively estimate the value of Pr of the poled PZT95/5 ceramics by measuring the pyroelectric coefficient p at room temperature. According to Devonshire's phenomenological theory, this result could be explained by a modified equation: , where ɛr represents the relative dielectric constant, C represents the Curie constant, and α (equals to 0.52 for PZT95/5 ceramics) represents a modification factor for ceramics, respectively.
Effects of extrinsic cardiac nerve stimulation on atrial fibrillation inducibility: The regulatory role of the spinal cord
Authors: Dai Zixuan , Huang Congxin , Zhao Qingyan , Zhang Shujuan , Zhao Hongyi , Zhang Youjing , Qian Yongsheng , Tang Yanhong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the mutual regulation of the extrinsic cardiac nerves on atrial electrophysiology and atrial fibrillation (AF) vulnerability.Methods and resultsFourteen dogs were randomly divided into two groups: spinal cord stimulation (SCS) group (n = 7) and spinal cord block (SCB) group (n = 7). SCS was performed with 90% of the threshold voltage stimulating the T1–T2 spinal level, while SCB was performed by injecting 2% lidocaine into the epidural space at the T2–3 level. The effective refractory period (ERP), ERP dispersion, and AF inducibility were measured during atrial pacing combined with different extrinsic cardiac nerve stimulation. ERPs were decreased in the atrium and pulmonary veins and ERP dispersion was increased from baseline during left cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) or left stellate ganglion stimulation (SGS) in the two groups. When combined with SCS, VNS resulted in diminished ERPs at all recording sites, longer ERP dispersion and more episodes of AF than were observed during VNS, whereas ERPs were greater and correspondingly fewer episodes of AF occurred during SCS combined with SGS than SGS. In the SCB group, ERPs were shortened, ERP dispersion was lengthened, and episodes of AF were increased during SGS after SCB. SCS enhanced the activity of the left vagus nerve but attenuated the left stellate ganglion and superior left ganglionated plexus.ConclusionSCS modulates extrinsic and intrinsic cardiac nerve activity among the vagus nerve, stellate ganglion, and ganglionated plexus. SCS facilitates the effect of VNS and attenuates the effect of SGS on atrial electrophysiology.
miR‐495 sensitizes MDR cancer cells to the combination of doxorubicin and taxol by inhibiting MDR1 expression
Authors: Zou Zhenyou , Zou Ruyi , Zong Dan , Shi Yonghong , Chen Jinyao , Huang Jie , Zhu Jiahui , Chen Liguan , Bao Xiaoyan , Liu Yuan , Liu Weihao , Huang Wenhui , Hu Jingsang , Chen Zhi , Lao Xiaojie , Chen Chaoqun , Huang Xiaoli , Lu Yao , Ni Xueyin , Fang Daoquan , Wu Dengqiang , Lu Shuangshuang , Jiang Mingzhu , Qiu Chenyang , Wu Yuya , Qiu Qisha , Dong Yanyuan , Su Yangyang , Zhao Chenmin , Zhong Zhihe , Cai Jing , Liang Yong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMDR1 is highly expressed in MDR A2780DX5 ovarian cancer cells, MDR SGC7901R gastric cancer cells and recurrent tumours. It pumps cytoplasmic agents out of cells, leading to decreased drug accumulation in cells and making cancer cells susceptible to multidrug resistance. Here, we identified that miR‐495 was predicted to target ABCB1, which encodes protein MDR1. To reduce the drug efflux and reverse MDR in cancer cells, we overexpressed a miR‐495 mimic in SGC7901R and A2780DX cells and in transplanted MDR ovarian tumours in vivo. The results indicated that the expression of MDR1 in the above cells or tumours was suppressed and that subsequently the drug accumulation in the MDR cells was decreased, cell death was increased, and tumour growth was inhibited after treatment with taxol‐doxorubicin, demonstrating increased drug sensitivity. This study suggests that pre‐treatment with miR‐495 before chemotherapy could improve the curative effect on MDR1‐based MDR cancer.