bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing patient data: A tutorial on predicting second cancer with machine learning models
Authors: Sadeghi Hossein , Seif Fatemeh , Farahani Erfan Hatamabadi , Khanmohammadi Soraya , Nahidinezhad Shahla 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe article explores the potential risk of secondary cancer (SC) due to radiation therapy (RT) and highlights the necessity for new modeling techniques to mitigate this risk.MethodsBy employing machine learning (ML) models, specifically decision trees, in the research process, a practical framework is established for forecasting the occurrence of SC using patient data.Results & DiscussionThis framework aids in categorizing patients into high‐risk or low‐risk groups, thereby enabling personalized treatment plans and interventions. The paper also underscores the many factors that contribute to the likelihood of SC, such as radiation dosage, patient age, and genetic predisposition, while emphasizing the limitations of current models in encompassing all relevant parameters. These limitations arise from the non‐linear dependencies between variables and the failure to consider factors such as genetics, hormones, lifestyle, radiation from secondary particles, and imaging dosage. To instruct and assess ML models for predicting the occurrence of SC based on patient data, the paper utilizes a dataset consisting of instances and attributes.ConclusionThe practical implications of this research lie in enhancing our understanding and prediction of SC following RT, facilitating personalized treatment approaches, and establishing a framework for leveraging patient data within the realm of ML models.
Safety, effectiveness and the optimal duration of preoperative imatinib in locally advanced gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Xiangfei , Lin Xiaohan , Zhang Qiang , Li Chao , Shu Ping , Gao Xiaodong , Shen Kuntang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal duration of preoperative imatinib (IM) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, therapeutic effectiveness, and optimal duration of preoperative IM in patients with locally advanced gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).MethodsThe clinicopathologic data of 41 patients with locally advanced gastric GIST who received preoperative IM and underwent surgical resection from January 2014 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAfter a median of 7.0 (IQR: 4.5–10) months of preoperative IM treatment, 30 patients experienced adverse events (AEs), 80% of which were grade 1/2 AEs. The mean tumor size decreased from 12.71 ± 5.34 cm to 8.26 ± 4.00 cm, with a reduction rate of 35%. Setting 8 months as the cut‐off value according to the results of ROC analysis. The proportion of laparoscopic surgery was higher in patients with short‐term (≤8 months) versus long‐term (>8 months) preoperative IM. Compared with the subtotal/total gastrectomy group, patients in the local gastrectomy group exhibited less intraoperative blood loss, shorter length of postoperative hospital stay, and fewer postoperative complications. The 3‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 82.9% and 97.6%, and the expected 5‐year RFS and OS rates were 75.6% and 90.2% respectively. RFS was better in the short‐term than in the long‐term preoperative IM treatment group, and it was also better in pre‐ plus postoperative IM treatment group than that in the preoperative IM alone group. Both univariate and multivariate COX analysis showed that a higher mitotic index and long‐term preoperative IM treatment were associated with worse RFS, while postoperative IM treatment could significantly improve RFS.ConclusionsThe study suggests that in patients with locally advanced gastric GIST, preoperative short‐term (≤8 months) use of IM is associated with higher RFS than long‐term use.
Structural Characterization and Anti‐Inflammatory Activities of a Purified Polysaccharide from Veronica persica Poir.
Authors: Song Qiaoying , Gu Lingbiao , Kong Lingqi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this manuscript, the polysaccharide (VPP‐I) from Veronica persica Poir., was characterized in detail by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). In addition, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells was used to evaluate the in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity of VPP‐I. The results showed that the relative molecular weight of VPP‐I was 2.355 KDa, which was mainly composed of mannose (Man), glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal) in a ratio of 1 : 32.46 : 28.76. Moreover, the VPP‐I contained sugar alcohol derivatives of T‐DGlcp(1→, →4)‐D‐Galp(1→, →3,6)‐D‐Manp(1→, →4)‐D‐Glcp(1→, →6)‐D‐Galp(1→ and →6)‐D‐Glcp(1→. In vitro anti‐inflammatory results showed that VPP‐I could inhibit the secretion of IL‐β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. Moreover, compared to the LPS group, the mRNA expression levels of iNOS, COX‐2, IL‐β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α produced by RAW264.7 were significantly decreased after treatment with VPP‐I (P<0.05). In addition, VPP‐I could increase the SOD and GSH−Px enzymes activity and decrease the content of MDA in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells (P<0.05). In summary, this paper laid theoretical foundation for the application of Veronica persica Poir. in the field of medicine.
Discovery of 18F Labeled AZD5213 Derivatives as Novel Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Radioligands Targeting Histamine Subtype‐3 Receptor
Authors: Song Zhendong , Li Yinlong , Dahl Kenneth , Chaudhary Ahmad , Sun Zhenkun , Zhou Xin , Chen Jiahui , Gao Yabiao , Rong Jian , Zhao Chunyu , Patel Jimmy S. , Collier Lee , Ran Chongzhao , Zhai Chuangyan , Zhang Linqi , Haider Achi , Mühlfenzl Kim S. , Yuan Hongjie , Elmore Charles S. , Schou Magnus , Liang Steven H 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe histamine subtype 3 (H3) receptor is an important drug target in the central nervous system (CNS), and PET imaging offers a promising technique for the noninvasive evaluation of CNS disease related to the H3 receptor. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated the binding effects of [18F]H3–2404 and [18F]H3–2405 by modifying the structure of AZD5213, a selective H3 antagonist. These two radioligands were prepared in high radiochemical yields and displayed stability in serum. The in vitro autoradiographic study in rat brain tissue and the following in vivo PET studies in mice demonstrated sufficient brain uptake but predominantly non‐specific distribution in rodent brain. Although these data suggest that [18F]H3–2404 and [18F]H3–2405 are unsuitable as PET tracers for brain imaging of the H3 receptor, this study provides a valuable attempt for optimizing 18F labeled radiotracers based on AZD5213.
Usefulness of unwinding the colonoscope shaft loop via the universal cord for colorectal endoscopic resections
Authors: Yoshimoto Taiji , Takihara Hiroshi , Yamamoto Ryuichi 
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe colonoscope shaft loop can be unwound by establishing a loop in the universal cord of the colonoscope to maintain the same endoscopic view during colorectal endoscopic resections.
Advancements in π‐Magnetism and Precision Engineering of Carbon‐Based Nanostructures
Authors: Zhang Yi , Fu Boyu , Li Nianqiang , Lu Jianchen , Cai Jinming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe emergence of π‐magnetism in low‐dimensional carbon‐based nanostructures, such as nanographenes (NGs), has captured significant attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in spintronics and quantum technologies. Recent advancements in on‐surface synthesis under ultra‐high vacuum conditions have enabled the atomically precise engineering of these nanostructures, effectively overcoming the challenges posed by their inherent strong chemical reactivity. This review highlights the essential concepts and synthesis methods used in studying NGs. It also outlines the remarkable progress made in understanding and controlling their magnetic properties. Advanced characterization techniques, such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and non‐contact atomic force microscopy (nc‐AFM), have been instrumental in visualizing and manipulating these nanostructures, which highlighting their critical role in the field. The review underscores the versatility of carbon‐based π‐magnetic materials and their potential for integration into next‐generation electronic devices. It also outlines future research directions aimed at optimizing their synthesis and exploring applications in cutting‐edge technologies.
The American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable strategic plan: Lung cancer in women
Authors: Backhus Leah M. , Chang Ching‐Fei , Sakoda Lori C. , Chambers Shonta R. , Henderson Louise M. , Henschke Claudia I. , Hollenbeck Gina J. , Jacobson Francine L. , Martin Linda W. , Proctor Elridge D. , Schiller Joan H. , Siegfried Jill M. , Wisnivesky Juan P. , Wolf Andrea S. , Jemal Ahmedin , Kelly Karen , Sandler Kim L. , Watkins Patricia N. , Smith Robert A. , Rivera M. Patricia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLung cancer in women is a modern epidemic and represents a global health crisis. Cigarette smoking remains the most important risk factor for lung cancer in all patients and, among women globally, rates of smoking continue to increase. Although some data exist supporting sex‐based differences across the continuum of lung cancer, there is currently a dearth of research exploring the differences in risk, biology, and treatment outcomes in women. Consequently, the American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable recognizes the urgent need to promote awareness and future research that will close the knowledge gaps regarding lung cancer in women. To this end, the American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable Task Group on Lung Cancer in Women convened a summit undertaking the following to: (1) summarize existing evidence and identify knowledge gaps surrounding the epidemiology, risk factors, biologic differences, and outcomes of lung cancer in women; (2) develop and prioritize research topics and questions that address research gaps and advance knowledge to improve quality of care of lung cancer in women; and (3) propose strategies for future research.Plain language summary

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women, and, despite comparatively lower exposures to occupational and environmental carcinogens compared with men, disproportionately higher lung cancer rates in women who ever smoked and women who never smoked call for increased awareness and research that will close the knowledge gaps regarding lung cancer in women.
Identification of HEPACAM2 as a novel and specific marker of small cell carcinoma
Authors: McColl Karen S. , Ajay Abhishek , Wang Han , Wildey Gary M. , Yoon Suzy , Grubb Brandon , Kopp Shelby R. , Joseph Peronne L. , Saviana Michela , Romano Giulia , Nana‐Sinkam Patrick , Peacock Craig D. , Yun Zixi , Mneimneh Wadad , Lam Minh , Miyagi Masaru , Kao Hung‐Ying , Dowlati Afshin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive neuroendocrine lung cancer, with a dismal 5‐year survival rate. No reliable biomarkers or imaging are available for early SCLC detection. In a search for a specific marker of SCLC, this study identified that hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule 2 (HEPACAM2), a member of the immunoglobulin‐like superfamily, is highly and specifically expressed in SCLC.MethodsThis study investigated HEPACAM2 expression in patients with SCLC via RNA sequencing and evaluated its relationship to progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to assess the cellular location of HEPACAM2 and to conduct in vitro and in vivo studies to understand its expression and functional significance. These findings were integrated with databases of patients with SCLC.ResultsHEPACAM2 is highly expressed and specific to SCLC. HEPACAM2 levels are inversely correlated with PFS and OS in patients with SCLC and are expressed at all stages. Moreover, HEPACAM2 messenger RNA and its peptides can be detected in the secretomes in cell lines. Positively correlated with ASCL1 expression in SCLC tumors, HEPACAM2 is localized primarily to the plasma membrane and linked to extracellular matrix signaling and cellular migration. A loss of HEPACAM2 in SCLC cells attenuated ASCL1 and MYC expression. Consistent with clinical data, in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that HEPACAM2 promotes cancer cell growth.ConclusionsWith its remarkable specificity, high expression, presence in early disease, and extracellular secretion, HEPACAM2 could be a potential diagnostic cell surface biomarker for early SCLC detection. These findings warrant further investigation into its role in the pathobiology of SCLC.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetic Profile of the Low‐Impact Ampakine CX1739 in Young Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Radin Daniel P. , Cerne Rok , Witkin Jeffrey M. , Lippa Arnold 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAMPA‐type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate the majority of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain. Ampakines, positive allosteric modulators of AMPAR, hold significant potential for the treatment of a wide range of neurological/neuropsychiatric disorders in which excitatory synaptic transmission is compromised. Low‐impact ampakines are a distinct subset of ampakines that accelerate channel opening yet minimally affect receptor desensitization, which may explain their lack of seizurogenic effects at therapeutic doses in preclinical models. CX1739 is a low‐impact ampakine that has shown efficacy in preclinical studies. The current clinical study examined the tolerability and pharmacokinetics of CX1739 in healthy male volunteers in a 2‐part study. Part A was a single dose escalation study (100‐1200 mg, 48 patients) and Part B was a multiple dose ascending study (300‐600 mg BID for 7‐10 days, 32 patients). CX1739 was well tolerated up to 900 mg once daily (QD) and 450 mg twice a day, with the prominent side effects being headache and nausea. Importantly, the half‐life of CX1739 was 6‐9 hours, and Tmax was 1‐5 hours. CX1739 Cmax and AUC were dose‐proportional. These findings thus set the stage for further explorations of this drug candidate in phase 2 clinical studies.
Novel Photobase Generators Derived from Proazaphosphatrane–Aryl Borate for High‐Pressure Mercury Lamp Lithography
Authors: Shibasaki Yuji , Sato Junichi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHerein, novel borate‐type photobase generators (PBGs) that generate a proazaphosphatrane known as Verkade's base (2,8,9‐triisobuthyl‐2,5,8,9‐tetraaza‐1‐phosphabicyclo[3.3.3]undecane (TTP)) were developed for photopatterning using a high‐pressure mercury lamp. Eight PBGs were synthesized, each featuring distinct borate substituents: phenyl, p‐fluorophenyl, p‐tolyl, p‐methoxyphenyl, m‐fluoro‐p‐methylphenyl, 4‐biphenyl, 2‐naphthyl, and 6‐methoxy‐2‐naphthyl. The relation between these substituents and their light absorption characteristics was analyzed via ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and time‐dependent density functional theory calculations. The PBG with the 6‐methoxy‐2‐naphthylborate group (TTP–tetrakis[2‐(6‐methoxynaphthyl)]borate (TTP–TMNB)) demonstrated substantial light absorption near 365 nm (the i‐line of the high‐pressure mercury lamp), generating approximately 60 % of the corresponding TTP in deuterated tetrahydrofuran (THF) upon exposure to 650 mJ/cm2, as confirmed via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To evaluate its photolithographic potential, TTP–TMNB was mixed with epoxy resin (jER1001) and a poly(methacrylic acid)‐co‐poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer (PMA1.6‐co‐PMMA100) in THF. The resulting mixture was spin‐coated onto a silicon wafer and irradiated with the i‐line through a photomask to create a negative‐tone image. The sensitivity and contrast of this photopolymer system were measured to be 45 mJ/cm2 and 1.0, respectively; moreover, a clear 10‐μm negative‐tone resolution was achieved.
Modulating N−H Bond Cleavage in Catalytic Ammonia Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Wu Lei , Chen Zhenlin , Zhang Yuchao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) exhibits significant potential for environmental remediation and energy utilization. Nevertheless, the complex reaction mechanism of the AOR poses numerous challenges to its application. To overcome these challenges and realize an efficient AOR process, a thorough understanding of every elementary reaction step, especially the cleavage of N−H bonds, is crucial. This review delves into the influence of N−H bond cleavage on the rate and selectivity of AOR, and summarizes the latest advancements in promoting this crucial step. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges faced by N−H bond cleavage and provide insights into the design of efficient catalytic AOR systems.
Breeding and genetics of resistance to major diseases in Cucurbita—A review
Authors: Sabharwal Prerna , Thakur Shallu , Shrestha Swati , Fu Yuqing , Meru Geoffrey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCucurbita crops, which include market types of pumpkin and squash, have unparalleled fruit variation and equally important economic value worldwide. Pumpkin and squash have versatile uses but are most popular in culinary, ornamental, snacking, and seed oil industries. The production of Cucurbita crops is hindered by diseases caused by fungal, oomycetes, and viral pathogens. Host resistance is an important component of integrated disease management for Cucurbita crops and is a major goal for plant breeders. This review addresses the major diseases of Cucurbita, including powdery mildew, downy mildew, Phytophthora rot, and aphid and whitefly transmitted viruses, with an emphasis on germplasm exploitation for the development of resistant cultivars. Resistance to powdery mildew derived from Cucurbita okeechobeensis subsp. martinezii (designated PM‐0) has been extensively deployed in commercial cultivars and was recently mapped on chromosomes 3 and 10 of Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita pepo, respectively. Resistance to Phytophthora crown rot is present across several Cucurbita species, including Cucurbita lundelliana, C. okeechobeenesis subsp. okeechobeenesis, C. moschata, and C. pepo. Mapping studies have identified significant loci associated with Phytophthora crown rot resistance on chromosomes 4, 11, and 20 of C. moschata and chromosomes 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 16, and 19 of C. pepo. Sources of resistance to aphid‐transmitted viruses exist in C. moschata, Cucurbita ficifolia, Cucurbita ecuadorensis, Cucurbita martinezii, C. ecuadorensis, Cucurbita maxima, and Cucurbita foetidissima. The availability of DNA markers linked to resistance against zucchini yellow mosaic virus and papaya ringspot virus in C. moschata and C. pepo has facilitated marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs. On the other hand, sources of resistance to tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), a major whitefly‐transmitted virus in Cucurbita, have been identified in C. moschata, C. lundelliana, and C. okeechobeensis. A major locus conferring resistance to ToLCNDV in C. moschata was recently mapped on chromosome 8 enabling the application of MAS with a prediction accuracy of 94.3%. Overall, the continued discovery and application of genomic tools for resistance breeding in Cucurbita will accelerate the rate of genetic gain while reducing costs associated with phenotyping.
Aqueous Photocatalytic Oxidation of Thioethers with Polydiacetylene Micelle Nanoreactors
Authors: Tchuiteng Kouatchou Joel Armel , Huber Gaspard , Moinard Morgane , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA semi‐heterogeneous photocatalytic system was assembled through encapsulation of a lipophilic porphyrin in stabilized polydiacetylene micelles. The colloidal nanohybrid catalyst was valorized in the aerobic photo‐oxidation of sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides. Micelles behaved as nanoreactors by creating a favorable environment for the photo‐activation of oxygen nearby thioethers and subsequent sulfoxidation. The process operates selectively under visible light and air atmosphere, with low catalytic loading and in water as the only solvent.
Plant neighbors differentially alter a focal species' biotic interactions through changes to resource allocation
Authors: Turner Sophia C. , Schweitzer Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPlant resource allocation strategies are thought to be largely a consequence of changing abiotic conditions and evolutionary history. However, biotic interactions also influence how a plant allocates resources. As a result, plants mediate indirect interactions between organisms above‐ and belowground through resource allocation. Neighboring plants can influence plant fitness directly through competition for resources, and indirectly by altering associated community interactions (associational effects), such as pollination, herbivory, and a suite of belowground interactions. Given the importance of community interactions for plant success, and the known ability for plant neighbors to change these interactions, the goal of this “pandemic project” was to understand how heterospecific plant neighbors alter plant resource allocation, whether this occurred through above‐ or belowground mechanisms, and whether this in turn alters biotic interactions and the relationship between a focal plant and its herbivore and soil community interactions. To do so, we established a common garden experiment, manipulating plant neighbor identity and the extent of interaction among neighbors (aboveground only, vs. above‐ and belowground interactions, using customized pot types), and measured changes to a focal plant and its biotic interactions over two growing seasons. We found evidence of both neighbor effects and pot type, showing that neighbor interactions affect a focal plant through both above‐ and belowground processes, and how the focal plant is affected depends on neighbor identity. Though neighbors did not directly alter herbivory or most soil microbial interactions, they did alter the relationship between belowground microbial communities and a plant response trait (specific leaf area). Plant resource allocation responses were reduced with time, showing the importance of extending experiments beyond a single growing season, and are an important consideration when making predictions about plant responses to changing conditions. This study contributes to a growing body of work showing how community contexts affect the above‐ and belowground interactions of a plant through plant resource allocation strategies.