bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Process Safety Management
Authors: Chandler Eamon , Bryden Robin , Paul Tony , Roddy Simon 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Process safety management in Shell aims to ensure that all our physical assets from drilling rigs, offshore platforms, manufacturing and processing facilities, to fuel retail stations are well designed, safely operated and properly maintained. Shell has been focusing on process safety for decades and seeks to continuously improve performance. Process safety management is central to achieving Shell's goal of zero harm to our employees, contractors, communities and the environment.
Our methodology consists of a combination of our asset integrity principles and our risk management approach. The asset integrity principles define the way we manage our facilities during their complete lifecycle, with the goal of preventing incidents caused by the unintentional release of hazardous material. This combines design standards with appropriate technical, operational and leadership standards. Our risk management approach identifies hazards and evaluates risks, followed by defining the barriers required to prevent process safety events.
The use of multiple barriers is essential in process safety management as a robust means to prevent the release of a hazardous material. Each barrier must operate independently, so that a common failure mode does not impact multiple barriers. Independent recovery measures are used to prevent a release having consequences. The bow tie model is used to represent this way of managing process safety hazards through prevention and response barriers, and is part of the hazard and effect management process.
In Shell we have clearly defined hardware and human barriers groups: hardware barriers are described by our design and engineering standards; human barriers are procedures and responses to operating conditions. These are supported by critical management processes such as permit to work and management of change.
This application of the risk management approach and the asset integrity principles are supported by a commitment to visible safety leadership to strengthen our safety culture to achieve goal zero, no harm, no leaks. A strong safety culture also depends on a competent workforce. We check that everyone responsible for tasks with a significant HSSE risk has the necessary training and skills to understand, identify and respond to process safety risks, as well as by maintaining the robustness and application of the hardware and human barriers and processes.
Advancements in Biodiversity Baseline Assessment and Monitoring Approaches for Enhanced Oil & Gas Performance
Authors: Viana Leonardo R. , Weikel Marielle Canter , Blaha Jennifer , Larsen Trond Halvor , Ahumada Jorge , Romer Ruth 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Several recent developments within the regulatory and project finance realms have converged to create strong drivers for improving project biodiversity baseline assessment and monitoring in the oil and gas industry. Along with these drivers, enhanced guidance and approaches have emerged which support more robust and replicable biodiversity baselines, in order to inform decision-making in application of the mitigation hierarchy and long-term project monitoring. A number of industry guidance documents that have been developed over the last decade focused on enhancing the sector's approach to biodiversity baseline assessment and monitoring. One recent example is the guidance Good Practices for the Collection of Biodiversity Baseline Data prepared by the Multilateral Financing Institutions Biodiversity Working Group and the Cross-Sector Biodiversity Initiative (CSBI); this guide "summarizes ‘good practices’ for biodiversity baseline studies that support biodiversity-inclusive impact assessment and management planning" (Gullison et al 2015). In addition, Conservation International (CI) and partners have developed detailed protocols for strengthened biodiversity baseline assessment and monitoring, namely through the Rapid Assessment Program (RAP) and Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) approaches. CI's RAP program recently published the first handbook on standardized rapid biological field assessment for 12 taxonomic groups. TEAM offers standardized methods for the collection of biodiversity data from passive sensors that can be deployed easily and effectively by small field teams, covering hundreds of square kilometers. Standardized TEAM site monitoring protocols are used at 17 field stations around the world. Leveraging recent guidance and approaches can provide a greater level of assurance in biodiversity baseline assessment via enhanced data collection and subsequent monitoring to meet emerging stakeholder expectations from governments, financial lenders and industry, ideally saving time and money over the life of a project.
Enhancing Social and Environmental Performance Through an Integrated Approach
Authors: Betre M. , Diaz P. , Weikel M. , Mora M. , Donovan J. , Moretz A. , Connick S. , Anwar N. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Water, biodiversity and ecosystem services, are often recognized and managed by oil and gas companies as environmental issues, while at the same time, they frequently have important social dimensions. A global review of practices among oil, gas, and mining companies revealed that while there is increasing recognition of the linkages between the social and environmental dimensions of many issues, and the benefits of applying a more integrated and holistic approach to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) efforts, there is still limited evidence of integration taking place.
A number of opportunities are identified for oil and gas companies to adopt a more integrated approach, particularly in the practice of environmental and social impact assessment and management, and in planning for strategic social investments where projects can be designed to achieve both environmental and social goals (e.g., community projects that use conservation incentive agreements; or freshwater conservation and water access, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) projects). A case study is presented on the implementation of Conservation Agreements (CAs) in Liberia. This work, conducted in partnership by Conservation International (CI) and Chevron, demonstrates some of the challenges and advantages of taking an integrated approach. Through implementation of CAs, CI and Chevron are working towards providing a variety of social benefits to local communities while incentivizing a reduction in pressure to the environment, namely mangrove destruction and sea turtle egg harvesting.
Construction Waste Generation and Minimization for Major Gas Processing Facilities
Authors: Hoffmann Rob , Lam Carl , Graham Andrew , Webb Lucy 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Facility construction constitutes the peak waste generating event in a gas facility's life, potentially creating over 100,000 tons of solid waste. Three onshore liquefied natural gas (LNG) construction projects and 1 onshore gas-to-liquids (GTL) facility were analyzed to derive solid waste generation rates, identify successful minimization practices, and document critical waste infrastructure. The four globally-distributed projects cover the full spectrum of construction methods: fully stick-built to maximum-modular. The stick-built projects generated more waste on plot per production train than the modular ones. Displaying a characteristic bell curve shape, waste quantities typically peaked about halfway through construction, corresponding to the period of maximum onsite activity. Seven categories comprised 90% of the solid waste generated for all four projects: food; wood; plastic; paper/ cardboard; concrete/ cement; metal; and mixed (un-segregated) garbage. These seven waste categories comprised the focus of waste minimization efforts and infrastructure provisions (waste handling equipment). The onsite construction waste handling facility was universally found to be the cornerstone of the construction waste management system. Investing in design and outfitting it with essential equipment returned dividends by minimizing the quantities sent offsite and ensured construction was not interrupted by waste accumulation. A subset of waste handling equipment is recommended for gas facilities constructed in areas supported by an established commercial waste management network. The dataset from these projects was used to forecast waste types and quantities for a remote Greenfield LNG project and to inform the design of the Construction Waste Handling Facility. Incorporating the learnings and best practices from these projects forecast an industry-leading landfill diversion rate of 92% for the new project.
Identifying and Managing Community Health and Safety Risks and Impacts During the Constuction of a Petrochemical Refinery: Experience from Southeast Asia
Authors: Shandro Janis 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to describe an on-going case study based in Southeast Asia. This case relates to the identification and management of community health and safety risks and impacts across the construction phase of a complex, large-scale petrochemical refinery project.
In the Southeast Asia case, the completion of a number of assessments along with the development and implementation of a community health and safety monitoring plan and influx management plan has been undertaken by the author. The project is being constructed to meet the International Finance Corporations Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability, and thus conformance to Performance Standard 4 on community health, safety and security is required.
Experience from leading community health implementation efforts for this project has identified that effective management of community health risk requires a firm understanding of baseline conditions. In addition to understanding baseline conditions, the development of targeted, effective and collaborative management strategies and the strategic, cost-effective allocation of resources are also important.
A Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is generally recognized as the most effective initial step to identifying and managing potential community health risks and impacts. However, in this case, an HIA was not completed. This case points to opportunities beyond current HIA and available community health guidance to effectively manage risks and impacts, and to maximize opportunities for both the workforce and citizens who reside in communities associated with petrochemical projects.
A Peculiar Case of a Floating Angio-Seal
Authors: Dettmers R.C. , Bosman W.M.P.F. , van den Broek M.A.J. , Veger H.T.C. , Hedeman Joosten P.Ph.A. , Borger van der Burg B.L.S. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
To show a complication of the use of an Angio-Seal™ closure device.

Case
We present a patient with a systolic murmur in his femoral artery after PCI. The murmur was caused by a dislocated Angio-Seal™, a vascular closure device. This was diagnosed by Doppler Ultrasound. The device was surgically removed.

Conclusion
Vascular complications, such as lower limb ischemia, requiring surgical intervention tend to be higher after use of a vascular closure device. We advise routine physical examination of the puncture site after percutaneous closure with a vascular closure device, such as an Angio-Seal™. The removal of the device can be performed via an open or endoscopic approach, based on available experience.
Rainfall Threshold Assessment Corresponding to the Maximum Allowable Turbidity for Source Water
Authors: Fan Shu‐Kai S. , Kuan Wen‐Hui , Fan Chihhao , Chen Chiu‐Yang 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT: This study aims to assess the upstream rainfall thresholds corresponding to the maximum allowable turbidity of source water, using monitoring data and artificial neural network computation. The Taipei Water Source Domain was selected as the study area, and the upstream rainfall records were collected for statistical analysis. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), the cumulative rainfall records of one‐day Ping‐lin, two‐day Ping‐lin, two‐day Tong‐hou, one‐day Guie‐shan, and one‐day Tai‐ping (rainfall in the previous 24 or 48 hours at the named weather stations) were found to be the five most significant parameters for downstream turbidity development. An artificial neural network model was constructed to predict the downstream turbidity in the area investigated. The observed and model‐calculated turbidity data were applied to assess the rainfall thresholds in the studied area. By setting preselected turbidity criteria, the upstream rainfall thresholds for these statistically determined rain gauge stations were calculated.
Lost in the Infinite Archive: The Promise and Pitfalls of Web Archives
Authors: Milligan Ian 
Published: March 2016

Contemporary and future historians need to grapple with and confront the challenges posed by web archives. These large collections of material, accessed either through the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine or through other computational methods, represent both a challenge and an opportunity to historians. Through these collections, we have the potential to access the voices of millions of non-elite individuals (recognizing of course the cleavages in both Web access as well as method of access). To put this in perspective, the Old Bailey Online currently describes its monumental holdings of 197,745 trials between 1674 and 1913 as the “largest body of texts detailing the lives of non-elite people ever published.” GeoCities.com, a platform for everyday web publishing in the mid-to-late 1990s and early 2000s, amounted to over thirty-eight million individual webpages. Historians will have access, in some form, to millions of pages: written by everyday people of various classes, genders, ethnicities, and ages. While the Web was not a perfect democracy by any means – it was and is unevenly accessed across each of those categories – this still represents a massive collection of non-elite speech. Yet a figure like thirty-eight million webpages is both a blessing and a curse. We cannot read every website, and must instead rely upon discovery tools to find the information that we need. Yet these tools largely do not exist for web archives, or are in a very early state of development: what will they look like? What information do historians want to access? We cannot simply map over web tools optimized for discovering current information through online searches or metadata analysis. We need to find information that mattered at the time, to diverse and very large communities. Furthermore, web pages cannot be viewed in isolation, outside of the networks that they inhabited. In theory, amongst corpuses of millions of pages, researchers can find whatever they want to confirm. The trick is situating it into a larger social and cultural context: is it representative? Unique? In this paper, “Lost in the Infinite Archive,” I explore what the future of digital methods for historians will be when they need to explore web archives. Historical research of periods beginning in the mid-1990s will need to use web archives, and right now we are not ready. This article draws on first-hand research with the Internet Archive and Archive-It web archiving teams. It draws upon three exhaustive datasets: the large Web ARChive (WARC) files that make up Wide Web Scrapes of the Web; the metadata-intensive WAT files that provide networked contextual information; and the lifted-straight-from-the-web guerilla archives generated by groups like Archive Team. Through these case studies, we can see – hands-on – what richness and potentials lie in these new cultural records, and what approaches we may need to adopt. It helps underscore the need to have humanists involved at this early, crucial stage.
Modos de resistencia cultural : el teatro latino en Nueva York
Authors: Schiminovich Flora S. 
Published: March 2016

Un mode de résistance culturelle : le théâtre latino à New York.
Les pièces de Dolores Prida et Migdalia Cruz présentent la lutte pour l'assimilation à une autre culture. Elle traitent de l'ambiguïté de l'identité hispanique aux Etats-Unis et de l'ambivalence de se trouver déraciné. Le processus de transculturation est encore fort vivant. Nord-Sud, Blanc-Noir-Latino : c'est à New York que se vit actuellement la rencontre la plus dynamique des races, langues et nationalités. Les immigrants hispano-américains de différents endroits et pays ont été partiellement intégrés dans le système et y laissent leur marque. Mais à leur tour, ils sont marqués par la culture et les valeurs dominantes, leur propre identité est presque toujours en question. L'idée du melting pot donne lieu à une ambivalence chez les individus qui en font partie. Ce sentiment de ne jamais entièrement appartenir, d'être déraciné, est représentée dans les pièces ici étudiées. Leurs personnages sont des New Yorkais ou des Latino-américains des Etats-Unis qui sont constamment confrontés à la supposition des non-hispaniques qu'ils sont étrangers. Ces personnages sont à un croisement de frontières culturelles, ils doivent reconstruire leur nouvelle subjectivité — un moi bilingue/biculturel constamment en procès de construction — qui refuse d'être démembré ou déplacé.
Les pièces de D. Prida et de M. Cruz utilisent la langue et la culture comme mode de résistance culturelle. Elles ne succombent jamais à une vision du monde blasée ni à une voix nihiliste. Elles utilisent l'idée du melting pot comme une arme contre la discrimination et pour la recherche d'une nouvelle idée de la diversité qui incorpore l'ancien et le nouveau, la tradition et l'innovation, à l'intérieur d'un langage qui reflète bien la réalité actuelle et une structure dramatique qui reflète les identités ambivalentes des personnages.
Un realismo censurado : la poética del des/engano en La campaña, de Carlos Fuentes
Authors: Perkowska-Alvarez Magdalena 
Published: March 2016

Réalisme censuré : la poétique dés/abusée dans le roman de Carlos Fuente La campaña.
De 1970 à 1980, nombre de romans historiques renoncent à raconter une histoire en tant que reprise d'un événement sous forme de récit afin de montrer comment le discours se construit en hsitires et Histoire. Ce que l'on raconte s'efface derrière comment on raconte. En revanche, dans la décennie 1980 on publie des romans qui reviennent au réfèrent : (La llegada de José Luis Gonzalez, 1980 ; El entenado de Juan José Sâer, 1983 ; 1492. Vida y tiempos de Juan Cabezôn de Castilla de Homero Aridjis, 1985 ; Arrâncame la vida de Angeles Mastretta, 1985 ; Maluco. La novela de los descubridores de Napoleon Baccino Ponce de Leôn, 1990 ; Tinisima de Elena Poniatowska, 1992). Raconter une histoire, représenter un réalité historique dépend aussi de la manière de raconter, c'est là le problème de la fonction mimétique du récit.
L'analyse de La campaña, de Carlos Fuentes (1990) montre que l'acte de représenter le réel se conjugue avec ce que j'appelle une poétique des/abusée. Le personnage principal qui prend part à la Guerre d'Indépendance, use couramment des termes la campana, el héroe, la re-conquista, ce qui suggère une reconstruction romanesque de cet épisode fondateur de l'Argentine et de toute l'Amérique latine. Le récit linéaire, chronologique donne l'illusion d'un représentation traditionnelle de l'histoire. Mais certaines substitutions de personnages, des transformations, des inversions dans les actes racontés (double sens du titre, de l'identité d'Ofelia Salamanca et de l'enfant Manuel, incomplète perception de la situation par le protagoniste) donnent une grande complexité à la réalité historique, complique une écriture qui entend bien raconter mais qui se doit de maintenir cette complexité. La trompeuse simplification de la réalité par le récit historique est compensée par l'incapacité des personnages de se saisir de toute la vision de la réalité, soit qu'il ne la perçoive pas, soit qu'il veuille s'abuser sur cette réalité.
Réalisme virtuel contre réalisme magique : préface et nouvelles de McOndo
Authors: Decante Stéphanie 
Published: March 2016

Realismo virtual versus realismo mágico : prefacio y cuentos de McOndo.
En 1996, dos autores chilenos, Alberto Figuet et Sergio Gomez, editabanuna antologia de dieciséis cuentos bajo el título de Mc Ondo (Santiago, Ed. Mondadori, 1996) El prefacio del libro, si bien sus autores se negaron a asumirlo como manifiesto, tiene visos de programa, enuncia los objetivos que federan estos cuentos. Su principio es distanciarse del realismo macondiano, un hito de la letras hispanoamericanas, para apuntar hacia un relismo macintoshiano, como lo sugiere el título. La provocadora declaration de A. Fuguet : « Estamos hasta aqui de oir que America Latina es puro realismo mágico, que si uno no vuela, no es latinoamericano. Estos, claro, nada tienen en común con la magia del realismo macondiano de Garcia Marquez, pero si mucho que ver con el realismo de las urbes cosmopolitas y los avatares de las vidas privadas de sus autores », propone otra identidad cultural que conlleva otra expesión literaria.
Para ver que concepto del realismo involucra esta línea de la escritura, se dilucidan las principales ideas del prefacio, para luego confrontarlas con los cuentos de esta antología. Inevitablemente, vuelven a tocarse las características formales comunes (incipit, instancia narrativa, innovaciones, importancia de los diálogos...).
Más alla de las consideraciones de experimento formal, del aprovechamiento de una tecnologia de punto, que solicita al lector deseoso de « star al dia » estos cuentos dan pie a una reflexión sobre la representation cultural y sobre la incidencia de nuevos recursos técnicos, mediáticos, en la estrategia escritural.
La piel y la máscara, de Jesus Diaz. Les stratégies de la cohérence comme modalité d'un nouveau réalisme
Authors: Spiga Bannura Maria-Grazia 
Published: March 2016

La piel y la mascara de Jésus Díaz : estrategias de lo coherente, una modalidad de un nuevo réalisme.
Nacido en 1941 el cubano Jesus Diaz publica en 1992 Las palabras perdidas y en 1996 La piel y la mascara. Es notable la continuidad de la primera novela a la segunda, construcción polifonica en la que el recurso constante de la ironia matiza la permanente représentación de un referente histórico de los anos 90 en Cuba. En Las palabras perdidas es donde en una modalidad metatextual se révéla el proceso de elaboration fïccional : las palabras perdidas construyen solapadamente la propia novela. En La piel y la mascara, una production fílmica hace el papel de metaficción y remeda el proceso de la escritura. El estudio de los textos muestra cómo la genesis del texto, son heterogeneidad, plasma las ambigüedades de la réalidad. La obra, que se hace espacio de las interrogaciones del lenguaje, viene a integrar la historia contemporánea.
Un viejo que leia novelas de amor, de Luis Sepúlveda : après le «réalisme magique», la «magie de la réalité»
Authors: Lefort Michèle 
Published: March 2016

Luis Sepulveda. El viejo que leia novelas de amor : después del 'realismo mágico', lo 'mágico de la realidad'.
Este libro publicado en 1989 es fruto de la experiencia personal del escritor chileno exilado en 1977 y que, en 1977 realize por cuenta de la UNESCO una misión de estudio de « impactos del proceso de colonización en las poblaciones amazonianas » en Brasil.
L. Sepulveda noveliza su conocimiento del entorno y el de los hombres para lograr una fabula humanista, moralizadora para nuestro tiempo, una de las primeras novelas conscientemente ecologistas que denuncia la destrucción del ámbito natural por empresas aprovechadoras de la madera. Propone una reflexion sobre « la magia de la realidad », la expresión es del mismo autor, y sobre la magia del relato, tanto el relato autobiografico pretexto de la novela, como el relato de evasion, las lecturas del « viejo » gracias a las cuales logra sobrevivir a las trágicas vivencias que quisiera olvidar.