bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open access increases citations of papers in ecology
Authors: Tang Min , Bever James D. , Yu Fei‐Hai 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOpen access (OA) can effectively increase the accessibility and visibility of scientific articles and thus potentially confer them with citation advantages. Such an impact may be more pronounced in developing countries where the cost for journal subscription is comparably expensive and usually unaffordable. By comparing one OA article with one non‐OA article published in the same issue, we tested the impact of OA on citation advantages of articles published in 46 ecology journals indexed in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). We compared OA to non‐OA articles published in the same issue of these journals, thereby controlling for potentially confounding effects of publication requirement and period. OA articles received significantly more citations than non‐OA articles, and this citation advantage of approximately one citation per year was sustained across publication years from 2009 to 2013. The OA citation advantage did not depend upon income of the country of origin of the citing scientists, and the OA citation advantage was found for citing scientists from North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, but not for Latin America. A total of 10 countries contributed more than 1000 citations each, and the OA citation advantage was found in all the 10 countries except Canada. Therefore, in ecology journals OA confers articles with citation advantages and such an impact accumulates with years and independent of the economic status of the countries. This information may guide decisions of scientific societies, journals, and individual authors as they weigh the relative costs and benefits of open electronic accessibility of scientific research.
The Thermodynamic Effects of Ligand Structure on the Molecular Recognition of Mononuclear Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes with B‐DNA
Authors: Mikek Clinton G. , DuPont Jesse I. , Machha Venkata R. , White Jake C. , Martin Logan R. , Alatrash Nagham , MacDonnell Frederick M. , Lewis Edwin A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Edwin Lewis, Mississippi State University, in collaboration with Frederick MacDonnell, University of Texas at Arlington, USA. The cover image shows Ru(phen)2(tatpp)]2+ binding to DNA.
Lipids from the marine world: Perspectives of an organic chemist
Authors: Rögnvaldsdottir Edda K. , Magnusson Carlos D. , Haraldsson Gudmundur G. 
Published: July 2017

This report describes synthesis of novel structured triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglyceryl ethers (DAGEs) of the 1‐O‐alkyl‐sn‐glycerol type constituting EPA and DHA as the sole fatty acids. One of two TAGs was comprised of a pure EPA located at the 1,3‐positions with pure DHA at the 2‐position and the other had it reversed with a pure DHA at the 1,3‐positions and pure EPA at the 2‐positions. The similarly structured DAGEs were derived from chimyl‐, batyl‐, and selachyl alcohols constituting pure EPA at their sn‐3 position with pure DHA at the sn‐2 position as well as the opposite composition with pure DHA at the sn‐3 position and EPA at the sn‐2 position, the total of six such DAGE products. The syntheses of these compounds were brought about by a two‐step chemoenzymatic process involving a highly regioselective immobilized Candida antarctica lipase to incorporate EPA or DHA activated as acetoxime esters exclusively into the 1,3‐positions of glycerol and the sn‐3 position of the 1‐O‐alkyl‐sn‐glycerols. The second PUFA acyl groups were subsequently introduced to the remaining 2‐positions by EDCI coupling agent to accomplish the title compounds highly efficiently in very high to excellent yields (86–92%).Practical applications: The work described is based on a previously reported methodology to introduce n‐3 PUFAs activated as oxime esters exclusively into the terminal 1,3‐positions of glycerol and 1‐O‐alkyl‐sn‐glycerols to prepare reversed structured TAGs and DAGEs by use of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase. The methodology is ideal for introducing isotopically labeled fatty acids into predetermined positions of TAGs and DAGEs.Novel structured triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglyceryl ethers (DAGEs), constituting EPA and DHA as the sole fatty acids, were obtained by a two‐step chemoenzymatic synthesis comprised of an exclusive incorporation of EPA or DHA, activated as acetoxime esters, into the terminal positions of glycerol and 1‐O‐alkyl‐sn‐glycerols by use of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase, and a subsequent introduction of a second PUFA acyl group to the remaining 2‐positions by EDCI coupling agent.
Electrochemical Characterization of Coinage Techniques the 17th Century: The maravedís Case
Authors: Doménech‐Carbó Antonio , Doménech‐Carbó María Teresa , Álvarez‐Romero Carla , Montoya Noemí , Pasíes‐Oviedo Trinidad , Buendía Milagros 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe voltammetry of immobilized particles (VIMP) methodology was applied to the discrimination of Spanish maravedis produced in 10 different mints between 1661 and 1664 using characteristic signatures for the reduction of cuprite and tenorite in the patina of the coins and catalytic effects on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The variation of the apparent tenorite/cuprite ratio with depth was fitted to potential laws differing from one mint to another for A Coruña, Burgos, Córdoba, Cuenca, Granada, Madrid, Trujillo, Segovia, Sevilla and Valladolid coins. Electrochemical data permitted to detect the changes in the composition (with lowering of the silver content) and manufacturing technique (from hammer to mill) occurring in this historical period.
Measurement of heat transfer coefficients in stirred single‐use bioreactors by the decay of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Müller Matthias , Meusel Wolfram , Husemann Ute , Greller Gerhard , Kraume Matthias 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSingle‐use bioreactors are barely described by means of their heat transfer characteristics, although some of their properties might affect this process. Steady‐state methods that use external heat sources enable precise investigations. One option, commonly present in stirred, stainless steel tanks, is to use adjustable electrical heaters. An alternative are exothermic chemical reactions that offer a higher flexibility and scalability. Here, the catalytic decay of hydrogen peroxide was considered a possible reaction, because of the high reaction enthalpy of –98.2 kJ/mole and its uncritical reaction products. To establish the reaction, a proper catalyst needed to be determined upfront. Three candidates were screened: catalase, iron(III)‐nitrate and manganese(IV)‐oxide. Whilst catalase showed strong inactivation kinetic and general instability and iron(III)‐nitrate solution has a pH of 2, it was decided to use manganese(IV)‐oxide for the bioreactor studies. First, a comparison between electrical and chemical power input in a benchtop glass bioreactor of 3.5 L showed good agreement. Afterwards the method was transferred to a 50 L stirred single‐use bioreactor. The deviation in the final results was acceptable. The heat transfer coefficient for the electrical method was 242 W/m2/K, while the value achieved with the chemical differed by less than 5%. Finally, experiments were carried out in a 200 L single‐use bioreactor proving the applicability of the chemical power input at technical relevant scales.
Flame retardant treated flax fibre reinforced phenolic composites: Ageing and thermal characteristics
Authors: Molaba Tshepiso Princess , Chapple Steve , John Maya Jacob 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIn this study, flax composites were prepared from flax fabric and phenolic resin. Chemical treatments were imparted to the fabric to improve adhesion between the fabric and the phenolic matrix. Diammonium phosphate was applied to improve the flammability of the composites. The thermal and flammability properties of the untreated, chemically treated, and flame retardant (FR) treated flax fabric reinforced phenolic composites were studied. Ageing studies were carried out by subjecting the composites to varying conditions of temperature and humidity in an environmental chamber for 2 weeks. FR treatment of flax fabric was shown to be very effective in improving flame retardancy of the composites due to decreased peak heat release rate (PHRR) and smoke production rate (SPR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of composites showed that after FR treatment, the decomposition temperatures shifted to lower temperatures. Ageing studies revealed that the mechanical properties of untreated, chemically treated and FR treated composites decreased with an increase in ageing temperature.
Synthesis and olfactory evaluation of (8S)‐(−)‐p‐Mentha‐1,3‐dien‐9‐ol and some of its esters
Authors: Radoias Georges , Bosilcov Alin , Ciocan‐Tarța Ilie , Bacher Markus 
Published: July 2017

Abstract(8S)‐(−)‐p‐Mentha‐1,3‐dien‐9‐ol (3) has been synthesized and fully characterized, using dill ether as the starting material. Dill ether is a common constituent of the essential oil of dill weed, Anethum graveolens L. In the first step, (8S)‐(−)‐p‐mentha‐1,3‐dien‐9‐yl acetate was prepared by treating dill ether with anhydrous magnesium bromide, followed by the addition of acetic anhydride. Hydrolysis of this mixture with potassium hydroxide led to the formation of alcohol 3, with p‐cymen‐9‐ol as the main by‐product. The chemical identity of compound 3 has been confirmed by GC/MS, IR, one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR. Chiral analysis has shown that it consists of enantiomerically pure (8S)‐(−)‐p‐mentha‐1,3‐dien‐9‐ol. This has been corroborated by selective oxidation of p‐mentha‐1,3,8‐triene found in the essential oil of curly leaf parsley, Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss., to give a racemic mixture of p‐mentha‐1,3‐dien‐9‐ol. Other esters (propionate, butyrate and valerate) of alcohol 3 have been prepared in a similar way by treating dill ether with the corresponding acid anhydride. Olfactory evaluation of alcohol 3 revealed a floral character while its esters gave a range of fruity and herbaceous notes.
Age of crustal melting in Higher Himalayan Crystalline Sequence (Darjeeling, Eastern Himalaya): Constraints from SHRIMP U–Pb geochronology
Authors: Tewari S. , Prakash D. 
Published: July 2017

The paper presents the petrological and geochronological studies of migmatite from an important section of Higher Himalayan Crystalline Sequence of Eastern Himalaya. Migmatites collected from the area characteristically contain biotite‐garnet‐sillimanite‐plagioclase‐K‐feldspar‐quartz as an important mineral assemblage, which has experienced extensive partial melting through dehydration melting reaction involving biotite. In this study, P–T evolution of these migmatites has been constrained through the use of multiequilibrium thermobarometry program winTWQ, conventional thermobarmetry, and pseudosection modelling in the MnNCKFMASHTO model system using Perple_X software. The unification of these three calculations demonstrates that the migmatite experienced peak pressure and temperature at 7.2 ± 0.5 kbar and 775 ± 20 °C, respectively. SHRIMP U–Pb chronological results yield the timing of crustal melting (21 Ma) in the migmatite.
Fractal characteristics of fault systems and their geological significance in the Hutouya poly‐metallic orefield of Qimantage, East Kunlun, China
Authors: He Hujun , An Le , Liu Wei , Yang Xingke , Gao Yaning , Yang Longwei 
Published: July 2017

The fault fractal dimension is the integrated reflection of the quantity, scale, degree of development, combination mode, and dynamic mechanism of a fault and can be used as a quantitative indicator of fault structure complexity. In Hutouya polymetallic orefield of Qinghai province, China, the faults are developed, and many ore belts are located in the fault zone, which indicated that the faults have an important role in controlling mineralization. The two‐dimensional horizontal distribution of fault systems in the IV, V, VI, and VII ore zones of Hutouya orefield was studied based on fractal geometry. The fault distribution has fractal dimension values for zones IV, V, VI, and VII of 1.05, 1.157, 1.311, and 1.05, respectively. From the perspective of favourable structure, the potential for metallogenesis in the four ore zones is VI > VII > V > IV. The main controlling factor on ore formation in the Qimantage region is fault structure, and the results are consistent with the actual results. This work provides new insights into the relationship between fault systems and metallogenesis.
Metavolcanics from Capo Malfatano, SW Sardinia, Italy: New insight on the age and nature of Ordovician volcanism in the Variscan foreland zone
Authors: Cruciani Gabriele , Franceschelli Marcello , Puxeddu Mariano , Tiepolo Masssimo 
Published: July 2017

The tectonic/stratigraphic interpretation of the Cambro–Ordovician rocks exposed in the south‐westernmost sectors of the Sardinia island (i.e., belonging to the Bithia Formation or Unit) is still a hot point of discussion. A debated question is also the age of the metavolcanics interbedded in these rocks. In order to provide a clear answer to this problem, in this paper, we provide new U–Pb zircon dating and a petrographic–geochemical comparison of metavolcanics interbedded within the Bithia Formation with similar Sardinian Ordovician calc‐alkaline rocks. The Bithia metavolcanics plot in the rhyodacite/rhyolite field. They show negative troughs for Nb and Ta, negative anomalies for Sr, P, and Ti, and positive peaks for Cs, Rb, K, Th, U, and Pb in the multielement diagram normalized to primitive mantle and significant LREE enrichment, marked negative Eu anomaly, and flat HREE patterns in the chondrite‐normalized REE diagram. Owing to these geochemical features, the Bithia metavolcanics plot in the volcanic arc and active continental margin fields closely resembling Middle‐Late Ordovician felsic metavolcanics from the Sarrabus, Gerrei, Goceano, and Mt. Grighini units. A new U–Pb zircon age of 462.1 ± 4.3 Ma yielded by a metavolcanic layer within the Bithia Formation at Capo Malfatano must be interpreted as the emplacement age. The CL and BSE images of zircon grains do not show any evidence of interaction with late hydrothermal fluids that could have caused Pb loss and rejuvenated ages, confirming the Middle‐Late Ordovician age of the metavolcanics.
Genomic Justice and Imagined Communities
Authors: Schwartz‐Marin Ernesto 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this issue of the Hastings Center Report, Maya Sabatello and Paul Appelbaum explore the assumptions about community embedded in the U.S. Precision Medicine Initiative, which aims to recruit donor‐partners who reflect the United States’ racial and ethnic diversity. As Sabatello and Appelbaum discuss, the initiative is like other national biobanking efforts in bringing to life an imagined genetic community in need of critical attention, and given the public‐private forms of partnership at the heart of the PMI, such efforts could become avenues to deepen existing inequalities rather than to alleviate them. The notion of justice has underwritten debates about genomic medicine, informed consent, citizenship, benefit sharing, and profit making since the first national biobanking project emerged at the dawn of the twenty‐first century. In a paradigmatic case, the creation, by an Icelandic company, of the deCODE genomic biobank opened up fierce debates about the proper relationship between public good and private gain and became the first global example of the economic and political implications that imagined genetic communities could have in our shared future. In Mexico, in 2001, the Icelandic case fueled a policy agenda to deal with global health justice and the prospects of a future market‐based colonialism predicated on the intimate knowledge of DNA.
Expanding the Horizon of Our Obligations in the Clinician‐Patient Relationship
Authors: Truog Robert D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractJohan Brännmark's article “Patients as Rights Holders,” in this issue of the Hastings Center Report, squarely identifies some important problems with the way we in clinical practice conceive of our obligations to our patients. As a solution, he helpfully suggests augmenting our focus on autonomy and informed consent with a broader menu of considerations drawn from the literature on human rights. Respect for autonomy is, of course, one of the hallowed principles of bioethics. In our traditional understanding, our patients deserve our respect because they are capable of autonomous choice, and the way we demonstrate our respect is by seeking their informed consent for our care. This model is so deeply ingrained that many of us have difficulty imagining that there could be any other way of thinking about it. But this model has two very serious drawbacks, problems that speak to much of what is wrong with health care today.
Shared Decision‐Making in Pediatrics: Honoring Multiple Voices
Authors: Benedetti Daniel J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHistorically, parents looking for guidance turned to a small cadre of trusted individuals such as grandparents and pediatricians. In the Internet era, this paradigm has shifted. With a few keystrokes, anxious parents have access to a seemingly endless array of opinions from faceless sources with unknown agendas. For some parents, this can cause more uncertainty, and for the parents of a child with a medical condition, navigating this information can be overwhelming.In this modern paradigm, the pediatrician's duty has also become more complex, especially with the shift from paternalism to patient autonomy in medical decision‐making. It is within this context that Alan Fleischman's book, Pediatric Ethics: Protecting the Interests of Children, should be examined. A pediatrician and neonatologist, Fleischman has witnessed this evolution over more than five decades of practice. As a clinical and academic bioethicist, he has also witnessed a transformation in the field of bioethics, with shifting perspectives on areas such as research ethics and medical decision‐making. Because of his rich experience and deep understanding of the past and present of ethical issues in pediatrics, Fleischman approaches this subject with a perspective that warrants attention and thoughtful consideration.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Brexpiprazole Following Multiple‐Dose Administration to Japanese Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Ishigooka Jun , Iwashita Shuichi , Higashi Koushi , Liew Ei Leen , Tadori Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBrexpiprazole is currently approved in the United States for the treatment of schizophrenia and as adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder. In Canada, it is approved for the treatment of schizophrenia. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of brexpiprazole in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. This phase 1 study comprised a 14‐day multiple‐dose administration of brexpiprazole 1, 4, and 6 mg/day (n = 7, 8, and 6, respectively). Plasma concentrations and PK parameters and the influence of CYP2D6 polymorphisms (intermediate metabolizers [IMs] and extensive metabolizers [EMs]) on PK were evaluated. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded. The Cmax and AUC24h of brexpiprazole and its metabolite, DM‐3411, showed dose‐proportionality. The Cmax and AUC24h of brexpiprazole showed accumulation of about 2.5‐ to 5.5‐fold on day 14, compared with those on day 1. The median tmax and the mean elimination half‐life of brexpiprazole were 4–5 and 52–92 hours, respectively, across all doses on day 14. The C24h of brexpiprazole reached steady state after day 10 in all dose groups. The dose‐normalized Cmax and AUC24h of brexpiprazole on day 14 were higher in IM patients than in EM patients. AEs were generally mild to moderate, with transient serum prolactin increase being the most common event. No clinically significant changes were observed for other clinical laboratory values. Brexpiprazole was safe and well tolerated in the studied Japanese patients with schizophrenia.
Polymorphism of IL10, IL4, CTLA4, and DAO Genes in Cross‐Reactive Nonsteroidal Anti‐inflammatory Drug Hypersensitivity
Authors: Ferreira Vasconcelos Luciana Mabel , Rodrigues Raphael de Oliveira , Albuquerque Andressa Almeida , Barroso Gabrielle Dantheias , Sasahara Greyce Luri , Severo Ferreira Janaira Fernandes , Francelino Eudiana Vale , Cardoso Cynthia Chester , Barem Rabenhorst Silvia Helena , de Almeida Thereza Lúcia Prata , Nagao‐Dias Aparecida Tiemi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOur aim was to evaluate genetic polymorphism of molecules involved in immunoregulatory/allergic processes in patients who presented with cutaneous hypersensitivity caused by chemically unrelated nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Polymorphisms at IL10 (–1082 G>A), IL4 (–589 C>T), CTLA4 (+49A>G), and DAO (+8956 C>G) genes were studied in 55 cases and 97 controls by the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. With regard to the polymorphism at IL10 –1082, higher frequencies of the AG genotype (57% vs 39%) and G allele carriers (70% vs 48%) were found among the patients, indicating a risk effect (odds ratio [OR] = 2.56 and P = .01 for AG genotype and OR = 2.52; P = .01 for AG/GG). For the CTLA4 +49 A/G single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), AG genotype (31.0%) (P = .02) and G carrier (54.0%) (P = .05) frequencies were found to be significantly lower in the patient group compared with the control group (51.0% and 69.0%, respectively). The SNP DAO +8956 C>G was associated with a strong protective effect, with OR values of 0.83 for CG and 0.11 for GG genotype (P = .04 for the codominant model), suggesting an allele dose effect. The combination of IL10 and DAO SNPs in a multivariate model did not alter the OR values, suggesting independent effects for both SNPs. The results are striking. In conclusion, these results suggest that polymorphisms in regulatory targets of the immune response and in DAO gene could modulate an individual's susceptibility to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug hypersensitivity reactions. Further studies will be necessary to complement our results.
Changes in margin re‐excision rates: Experience incorporating the “no ink on tumor” guideline into practice
Authors: Patten Caitlin R. , Walsh Kendall , Sarantou Terry , Hadzikadic‐Gusic Lejla , Forster Meghan R. , Robinson Myra , White Richard L. 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionPrior to the “no ink on tumor” SSO/ASTRO consensus guideline, approximately 20% of women with stage I/II breast cancers undergoing breast conservation surgery at our institution underwent margin re‐excision. On May 20, 2013, our institution changed the definition of negative margins from 2 mm to “no ink on tumor.”MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of patients who had surgery at our institution with clinical stage I/II breast cancers between June 1, 2011 and May 1, 2015. In the pre‐guideline cohort (pre) and post‐guideline cohort (post), negative margins were 2 mm and “no ink on tumor,” respectively.ResultsImplementation of the guideline resulted in a significant decrease in the positive/close margin rate (29.6% pre vs 10.1% post; P < 0.001) and numerical decrease in re‐excision rate (20.4% pre vs 16.3% post; P = 0.104). No significant difference was found in local recurrence between the cohorts with limited follow‐up (1.2% pre vs 1.5% post; P = 0.787).ConclusionThe implementation of the “no ink on tumor” guideline at our institution has resulted in a significant decrease in positive margin rates and a numerical decrease in margin re‐excisions. In addition to margin status, surgeons continue to use individual patient and histologic factors to decide for or against margin re‐excision.