bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silver nanoparticles induce pro‐inflammatory gene expression and inflammasome activation in human monocytes
Authors: Murphy A. , Casey A. , Byrne G. , Chambers G. , Howe O. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA complete cytotoxic profile of exposure to silver (AgNP) nanoparticles investigating their biological effects on the innate immune response of circulating white blood cells is required to form a complete understanding of the risk posed. This was explored by measuring AgNP‐stimulated gene expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in THP‐1 monocytes. A further study, on human monocytes extracted from a cohort of blood samples, was carried out to compare with the AgNP immune response in THP‐1 cells along with the detection of pro‐IL‐1β which is a key mediator of the inflammasome complex.The aims of the study were to clearly demonstrate that AgNP can significantly up‐regulate pro‐inflammatory cytokine gene expression of IL‐1, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in both THP‐1 cells and primary blood monocytes thus indicating a rapid response to AgNP in circulation. Furthermore, a role for the inflammasome in AgNP response was indicated by pro‐IL‐1β cleavage and release. These results highlight the potential inflammatory effects of AgNP exposure and the responses evoked should be considered with respect to the potential harm that exposure may cause. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycosidases Interact Selectively With Mannose‐6‐Phosphate Receptors of Bull Spermatozoa
Authors: Aguilera Andrea C. , Boschin Verónica , Carvelli Lorena , Cavicchia Juan C. , Sosa Miguel A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTGlycosidases may play a role in sperm maturation during epididymal transit. In this work, we describe the interaction of these enzymes with bull spermatozoa. We found that β‐galactosidase associated to spermatozoa can be released under low ionic strength conditions, whereas the interaction of N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase and β‐glucuronidase with spermatozoa appeared to be stronger. On the other hand, α‐mannosidase and α‐fucosidase cannot be removed from the gametes. In addition, part of N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase, β‐galactosidase, and β‐glucuronidase can also be released by mannose‐6‐phosphate. Taking into account these data, we explored the presence of cation‐independent‐ and cation‐dependent‐mannose‐6‐phosphate receptors in the spermatozoa and found that cation‐independent mannose‐6‐phosphate receptor is highly expressed in bull spermatozoa and cation‐dependent‐mannose‐6‐phosphate receptor is expressed at a lesser extent. In addition, by immunofluorescence, we observed that cation‐independent‐mannose‐6‐phosphate receptor is mostly located at the acrosomal zone, whereas cation‐dependent‐mannose‐6‐phosphate receptor presents a different distribution pattern on spermatozoa during the epididymal transit. N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase and β‐glucuronidase isolated from epididymal fluid interacted mostly with cation‐independent‐mannose‐6‐phosphate receptor, while β‐galactosidase was recognized by both receptors. We concluded that glycosidases might play different roles in bull spermatozoa and that mannos‐6‐phosphate receptors may act as recruiters of some enzymes. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2464–2472, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of Antioxidant Molecules and Heat Shock Protein 27 in Thyroid Tumors
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Yang Shucui , Vlantis Alexander C. , Liu Shirley Y.W. , Ng Enders K.W. , Chan Amy B.W. , Wu Juekun , Du Jing , Wei Wei , Liu Xiaoling , Liu Zhimin , Ng Siu Kwan , van Hasselt C. Andrew , Tong Michael C.F. , Chen George G. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTOxidative stress‐induced DNA damage is a known causing factor for many types of tumors, but information on the role of oxidants and antioxidants in thyroid tumors is limited. The aim of this study was to determine antioxidant levels in thyroid tumors. In this study, tumor and its matched non‐tumor thyroid tissue samples were obtained from 53 patients with thyroid tumors. The levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), thioredoxin reductase 2 (TXNRD2), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), catalase (CAT), and 27 kd heat‐shock protein (hsp27) were determined in both thyroid tissue samples and cultured thyroid cells by immunohistochemical staining and western blot. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to generate oxidant stress in the cell culture experiments. We found that the levels of MnSOD, TXNRD2, GSH, Gpx, and Hsp27 were increased in both malignant and benign tumors, while the level of CAT was decreased. To verify the results of the tissue study, we treated cultured thyroid cells with H2O2 and found the same pattern of antioxidant changes. Hsp27 was also increased after H2O2 treatment. The expression of hsp27 was upregulated by 8.24‐, 6.96‐, and 3.09‐fold in thyroid cancer, follicular adenoma, multinodular goiter, respectively. Collectively, our study demonstrated that the levels of hsp27 together with MnSOD, TXNRD2, GSH, and Gpx were significantly upregulated by H2O2 in thyroid tumors. The increase of these antioxidants is observed in both malignant and benign tumors, particularly in the former. The upregulation of antioxidants is likely a protective mechanism of tumor cells to maintain their survival and growth. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2473–2481, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dysfunction of respiratory muscles in critically ill patients on the intensive care unit
Authors: Berger David , Bloechlinger Stefan , von Haehling Stephan , Doehner Wolfram , Takala Jukka , Z'Graggen Werner J. , Schefold Joerg C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMuscular weakness and muscle wasting may often be observed in critically ill patients on intensive care units (ICUs) and may present as failure to wean from mechanical ventilation. Importantly, mounting data demonstrate that mechanical ventilation itself may induce progressive dysfunction of the main respiratory muscle, i.e. the diaphragm. The respective condition was termed ‘ventilator‐induced diaphragmatic dysfunction’ (VIDD) and should be distinguished from peripheral muscular weakness as observed in ‘ICU‐acquired weakness (ICU‐AW)’.Interestingly, VIDD and ICU‐AW may often be observed in critically ill patients with, e.g. severe sepsis or septic shock, and recent data demonstrate that the pathophysiology of these conditions may overlap. VIDD may mainly be characterized on a histopathological level as disuse muscular atrophy, and data demonstrate increased proteolysis and decreased protein synthesis as important underlying pathomechanisms. However, atrophy alone does not explain the observed loss of muscular force. When, e.g. isolated muscle strips are examined and force is normalized for cross‐sectional fibre area, the loss is disproportionally larger than would be expected by atrophy alone. Nevertheless, although the exact molecular pathways for the induction of proteolytic systems remain incompletely understood, data now suggest that VIDD may also be triggered by mechanisms including decreased diaphragmatic blood flow or increased oxidative stress. Here we provide a concise review on the available literature on respiratory muscle weakness and VIDD in the critically ill. Potential underlying pathomechanisms will be discussed before the background of current diagnostic options. Furthermore, we will elucidate and speculate on potential novel future therapeutic avenues.
Biobutanol separation from ABE model solutions and fermentation broths using a combined adsorption–gas stripping process
Authors: Abdehagh Niloofar , Dai Bo , Thibault Jules , Handan Tezel F 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDButanol is considered a promising sustainable biofuel to partly replace petroleum‐based fuels. However, to become an economically viable biofuel, some challenges need to be overcome in the biobutanol production process such as the low final product concentration caused by product toxicity to the microorganism. Few separation techniques have been proposed to extract biobutanol in situ or ex situ from dilute fermentation broths. In this investigation, the combination of gas stripping and adsorption has been studied experimentally as a process to effectively separate butanol from dilute model solutions and fermentation broths using the advantages of both separation techniques.RESULTSResults showed that the butanol adsorption capacity of activated carbon F‐400 was 261 mg g−1, for a stripped gas stream from butanol–water binary solution with an initial liquid phase composition of 15 g L−1 butanol, which ended up having a vapour phase composition of 5.8 mg L−1 after gas stripping. This capacity is relatively high compared with the values reported in the literature. Butanol adsorption capacities for a stripped gas stream in equilibrium with ABE model solutions (5.1 mg L−1) and fermentation broths (2.3 mg L−1) for this adsorbent (211.6 and 219.8 mg g−1, respectively), were also higher than the capacities reported in the literature.CONCLUSIONCombined gas stripping and adsorption could be considered an effective technique for biobutanol separation processes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Extraction of ammonia from solutions with D2EHPA in three diluents: extraction equilibria and modeling
Authors: Zhu Xinyan , Chai Wenshuai , Liu Wei , Zhang Weidong , Zhou Zhiyong , Ren Zhongqi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe extraction equilibria of ammonia was investigated with sodium salt of di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as extractant and kerosene, n‐heptane and toluene as diluents at 298 ± 0.5 K. In addition, n‐decanol was used as a modifier.ResultsThe distribution coefficient increases gradually with increasing Na–D2EHPA concentration in the organic phase. The equilibrium model for the extraction of ammonia with D2EHPA was established by utilizing the mass action law to determine model parameters and apparent extraction equilibrium constants (K1 and K2). The combination of ion‐pair species of the type NH4R(HR)4 and NH4R is confirmed to exist in the organic phase at equilibrium. The calculated loadings of D2EHPA agree well with the experimental data. The distribution coefficient of ammonia decreases with increasing initial ammonium concentration in the aqueous solution. The effect of temperature on extraction equilibria was studied and the enthalpy change, free energy change and entropy change of the extraction process with D2EHPA in kerosene were obtained.ConclusionsSaponification of the extractant is necessary and benefits the extraction process. The model established in this work is valid in representing the equilibrium behavior of ammonia with D2EHPA in the three diluents. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The comparative gastrointestinal morphology of Jaculus jaculus (Rodentia) and Paraechinus aethiopicus (Erinaceomorpha)
Authors: Pereira Daniella L. , Walters Jacklynn , Bennett Nigel C. , Alagaili Abdulaziz N. , Mohammed Osama B. , Kotzé Sanet H. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTJaculus jaculus (Lesser Egyptian jerboa) and Paraechinus aethiopicus (Desert hedgehog) are small mammals which thrive in desert conditions and are found, among others, in the Arabian Peninsula. Jaculus jaculus is omnivorous while P. aethiopicus is described as being insectivorous. The study aims to describe the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) morphology of these animals which differ in diet and phylogeny. The GITs of J. jaculus (n = 8) and P. aethiopicus (n = 7) were weighed, photographed, and the length, basal surface areas, and luminal surface areas of each of the anatomically distinct gastrointestinal segments were determined. The internal aspects of each area were examined and photographed while representative histological sections of each area were processed to wax and stained using haematoxylin and eosin. Both species had a simple unilocular stomach which was confirmed as wholly glandular on histology sections. Paraechinus aethiopicus had a relatively simple GIT which lacked a caecum. The caecum of J. jaculus was elongated, terminating in a narrow cecal appendix which contained lymphoid tissue on histological examination. The internal aspect of the proximal colon of J. jaculus revealed distinct V‐shaped folds. Stomach content analysis of J. jaculus revealed mostly plant and seed material and some insects, whereas P. aethiopicus samples showed plant material in addition to insects, indicating omnivorous feeding tendencies in areas where insects may be scarce. J. Morphol. 277:671–679, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contribution of micro‐motion to backside wear in a fixed bearing total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Levine Rayna A.C. , Lewicki Kathleen A. , Currier John H. , Mayor Michael B. , Van Citters Douglas W. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThis study seeks to identify important factors related to backside wear of tibial inserts in vivo and determine an appropriate wear model for backside wear. An IRB approved database was queried for tibial inserts of a single design from one manufacturer that exhibited evidence of rotatory motion on the backside of the polyethylene. These devices were measured for volumetric wear using a previously established protocol. Features including the change in locking lip width and measurement of micro‐motion marks were used to describe the motion pattern. Volumetric wear and implant characteristics were compared using linear regressions by modeling wear theories suggested by Archard and Wang to determine the most appropriate model for backside wear. The Wang model showed that duration, adjusted sliding distance, and cross‐shear index accounted for approximately 58% of the volumetric wear variation while adjusted sliding distance and duration in vivo accounted for approximately 35% of the volumetric wear variation in the Archard model. Patient weight (p = 0.750), patient BMI (p = 0.680), and backside area (p = 0.784) of the tibial insert were all found to be non‐significant in the Wang model. Similarly, patient weight (p = 0.233), patient BMI (p = 0.162), and backside area (p = 0.796) were found to be non‐significant in the Archard model. Multidirectional micro‐motion appears to contribute significantly to the wear of these components, supporting the Wang theory of cross‐shear for polyethylene wear. Cross‐shear of polymers on an unpolished titanium tray can lead to an increase in wear debris in the body. Care should be taken when designing locking mechanisms and tray designs. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1933–1940, 2016.
Effect of simvastatin on rat supraspinatus tendon mechanical and histological properties in a diet‐induced hypercholesterolemia model
Authors: Tucker Jennica J. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTHypercholesterolemia is a common condition and is a risk factor for tendon rupture, specifically in the supraspinatus tendon. In the clinic, statins are commonly prescribed to lower cholesterol, but little information is available examining the effect of statin treatment on the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the biomechanical and histological effects of statin treatment in a diet‐induced hypercholesterolemia model. We hypothesized that hypercholesterolemic rats treated with statins would have improved tendon biomechanical and histological properties compared to hypercholesterolemic rats not receiving daily statin treatment. Thirty adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats ate either high‐cholesterol (HC) diet (n = 20) or normal chow (CTL, n = 10). After 6 months, a subset of HC rats began daily oral simvastatin dosing (HC+S) at 20 mg/kg. All rats were sacrificed after a total of 9 months (3 months of statin treatment) and evaluated for histology and mechanics. For mechanics, at the insertion region, HC+S group had increased tendon cross‐sectional area decreased and modulus. No differences were noted in mechanical properties at the midsubstance. For histology, no differences were noted in the insertion region. In the midsubstance region, HC+S group had more spindle shaped cells. Our results suggest that 3 months of simvastatin treatment in a diet‐induced hypercholesterolemia rat model alters some tendon mechanical and histological properties, although a strong conclusion in support of improved parameters cannot be drawn. Therefore, we conclude that simvastatin treatment does not negatively affect tendon properties. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:2009–2015, 2016.
Zonal variation in primary cilia elongation correlates with localized biomechanical degradation in stress deprived tendon
Authors: Rowson Daniel , Knight Martin M. , Screen Hazel R.C. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTTenocytes express primary cilia, which elongate when tendon is maintained in the absence of biomechanical load. Previous work indicates differences in the morphology and metabolism of the tenocytes in the tendon fascicular matrix (FM) and the inter‐fascicular matrix (IFM). This study tests the hypothesis that primary cilia in these two regions respond differently to stress deprivation and that this is associated with differences in the biomechanical degradation of the extracellular matrix. Rat tail tendon fascicles were examined over a 7‐day period of either stress deprivation or static load. Seven days of stress deprivation induced cilia elongation in both regions. However, elongation was greater in the IFM compared to the FM. Stress deprivation also induced a loss of biomechanical integrity, primarily in the IFM. Static loading reduced both the biomechanical degradation and cilia elongation. The different responses to stress deprivation in the two tendon regions are likely to be important for the aetiology of tendinopathy. Furthermore, these data suggest that primary cilia elongate in response to biomechanical degradation rather than simply the removal of load. This response to degradation is likely to have important consequences for cilia signalling in tendon and as well as in other connective tissues. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 34:2146–2153, 2016.
Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains from a dairy cattle farm and its surroundings
Authors: Navajas‐Benito Enrique Víctor , Alonso Carla Andrea , Sanz Susana , Olarte Carmen , Martínez‐Olarte Roberto , Hidalgo‐Sanz Sara , Somalo Sergio , Torres Carmen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study describes the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 78 genetically different Escherichia coli recovered from air and exudate samples of a dairy cattle farm and its surroundings in Spain, in order to gain insight into the flow of antimicrobial resistance through the environment and food supply.RESULTSAntimicrobial resistance was detected in 21.8% of the 78 E. coli isolates analyzed (resistance for at least one of the 14 agents tested). The highest resistance rates were recorded for ampicillin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline. The resistance genes detected were as follows (antibiotic (number of resistant strains), gene (number of strains)): ampicillin (9), blaTEM‐1 (6); tetracycline (15), tet(A) (7), tet(B) (4), tet(A) + tet(B) (1); chloramphenicol (5), cmlA (2), floR (2); trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (10), sul2 (4), sul1 (3), sul3 (2), sul1 + sul2 (1); gentamicin‐tobramycin (1), ant(2″) (1). About 14% of strains showed a multidrug‐resistant phenotype and, of them, seven strains carried class 1 integrons containing predominantly the dfrA1‐aadA1 array. One multidrug‐resistant strain was found in both inside and outside air, suggesting that the airborne spread of multidrug‐resistant bacteria from the animal housing facilities to the surroundings is feasible.CONCLUSIONSThis study gives a genetic background of the antimicrobial resistance problem in a dairy cattle farm and shows that air can act as a source for dissemination of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Boundedness in chemotaxis systems with rotational flux terms
Authors: Zhang Qingshan 
Published: March 2016

We consider the chemotaxis system with rotation
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201500325:mana201500325-math-0001under no‐flux boundary conditions in the bounded domain , . Here the matrix‐valued function fulfills () for all with some nondecreasing function S0 and is a nonnegative function with for all . Moreover, f satisfies for all with nondecreasing function f0. It is shown that for the nonnegative initial data and with , if at least one of the following assumptions holds:

,
, and ,
,
then the corresponding initial‐boundary value problem possesses a unique global classical solution that is uniformly bounded.
The molecular complexity of fertilization: Introducing the concept of a fertilization synapse
Authors: Krauchunas Amber R. , Marcello Matthew R. , Singson Andrew 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYThe details of sperm–egg interactions remain a relative mystery despite many decades of research. As new molecular complexities are being discovered, we need to revise the framework in which we think about fertilization. As such, we propose that fertilization involves the formation of a synapse between the sperm and egg. A cellular synapse is a structure that mediates cell adhesion, signaling, and secretion through specialized zones of interaction and polarity. In this review, we draw parallels between the immune synapse and fertilization, and argue that we should consider sperm–egg recognition, binding, and fusion in the context of a “fertilization synapse.” Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 376–386, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dual‐Pathway sequences for MR thermometry: When and where to use them
Authors: Ciris Pelin Aksit , Cheng Cheng‐Chieh , Mei Chang‐Sheng , Panych Lawrence P. , Madore Bruno 
Published: March 2016

PurposeDual‐pathway sequences have been proposed to help improve the temperature‐to‐noise ratio (TNR) in MR thermometry. The present work establishes how much of an improvement these so‐called “PSIF‐FISP” sequences may bring in various organs and tissues.MethodsSimulations and TNR calculations were validated against analytical equations, phantom, abdomen, and brain scans. Relative TNRs for PSIF‐FISP, as compared to a dual‐FISP reference standard, were calculated for flip angle (FA) = 1 to 85 º and repetition time (TR) = 6 to 60 ms, for gray matter, white matter, cervix, endometrium, myometrium, prostate, kidney medulla and cortex, bone marrow, pancreas, spleen, muscle, and liver tissues.ResultsPSIF‐FISP was TNR superior in the kidney, pelvis, spleen, or gray matter at most tested TR and FA settings, and benefits increased at shorter TRs. PSIF‐FISP was TNR superior in other tissues, e.g., liver, muscle, pancreas, for only short TR settings (20 ms or less). The TNR benefits of PSIF‐FISP increased slightly with FA, and strongly with decreasing TR. Up to two‐ to three‐fold reductions in TR with 20% TNR gains were achievable. In any given tissue, TNR performance is expected to further improve with heating, due to changes in relaxation rates.ConclusionDual‐pathway PSIF‐FISP can improve TNR and acquisition speed over standard gradient‐recalled echo sequences, but optimal acquisition parameters are tissue dependent. Magn Reson Med 77:1193–1200, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Makromolekulare Chemie
Authors: Seiffert Sebastian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNachwuchsgruppen haben in der makromolekularen Chemie in Deutschland eine tragende Rolle eingenommen. Der Trendbericht bietet hierzu einen Einblick und bildet ausgewählte letztjährige Arbeiten von drei Emmy‐Noether‐Gruppen, vier BMBF‐Nachwuchsgruppen, sechs ERC‐geförderten Gruppen, elf Gruppen auf Basis temporärer Mittelbaustellen sowie sieben Nachwuchsprofessuren ab.