bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiplexed protein profiling by sequential affinity capture
Authors: Ayoglu Burcu , Birgersson Elin , Mezger Anja , Nilsson Mats , Uhlén Mathias , Nilsson Peter , Schwenk Jochen M. 
Published: March 2016

Antibody microarrays enable parallelized and miniaturized analysis of clinical samples, and have proven to provide novel insights for the analysis of different proteomes. However, there are concerns that the performance of such direct labeling and single antibody assays are prone to off‐target binding due to the sample context. To improve selectivity and sensitivity while maintaining the possibility to conduct multiplexed protein profiling, we developed a multiplexed and semi‐automated sequential capture assay. This novel bead‐based procedure encompasses a first antigen capture, labeling of captured protein targets on magnetic particles, combinatorial target elution and a read‐out by a secondary capture bead array. We demonstrate in a proof‐of‐concept setting that target detection via two sequential affinity interactions reduced off‐target contribution, while lowered background and noise levels, improved correlation to clinical values compared to single binder assays. We also compared sensitivity levels with single binder and classical sandwich assays, explored the possibility for DNA‐based signal amplification, and demonstrate the applicability of the dual capture bead‐based antibody microarray for biomarker analysis. Hence, the described concept enhances the possibilities for antibody array assays to be utilized for protein profiling in body fluids and beyond.
Key Reading Recovery Strategies to Support Classroom Guided Reading Instruction
Authors: Lipp Jamie R. , Helfrich Sara R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEffective teachers are continuously striving to improve their instruction. Reading Recovery teachers have detailed and specific literacy training and expertise that can be of great value to classroom teachers, especially in the area of guided reading instruction. This article explores the ways in which key Reading Recovery strategies can be interwoven into primary classroom guided reading instruction to support acceleration. Fluency, supportive book introductions, prompting, and observation and analysis are emphasized throughout.
A Ten‐membered Dimetallacycle with an [Ag···Ag]2+Dication Bridged by TwoP, NLigands
Authors: Thirumoorthi Ramalingam , Rautiainen J. Mikko , Laitinen Risto S. , Chivers Tristram 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe reaction of silver hexafluoridoantimonate with Ph2PCH2PPh2NSiMe3(1) in dichloromethane produces the dimeric complex [Ag(μ‐Ph2PCH2PPh2NSiMe3)]2[SbF6]2(2), in which two heterobifunctional ligands1in the dication areN, P‐chelated in a head‐to‐tail fashion to a [Ag···Ag]2+unit that exhibits an Ag···Ag contact of 2.8530(6) Å. Quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules (QTAIM) analysis of the bonding revealed an attractive interaction between the two silver atoms.
Impact of p53 and PDGFR‐β Expression on Metastasis and Prognosis of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kurahara Hiroshi , Maemura Kosei , Mataki Yuko , Sakoda Masahiko , Shinchi Hiroyuki , Natsugoe Shoji 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying novel predictors of hematogenous metastasis is essential to select optimal therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer. The goal of this study was to clarify the clinical implications of p53 and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐β (PDGFR‐β) in pancreatic cancer using immunohistochemistry (IHC).MethodsSpecimens obtained by surgical resection and endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS–FNA) of the primary tumor were used for IHC. EUS–FNA was performed before any treatment. We analyzed the clinical implications of p53 and PDGFR‐β IHC. We also performed a comparative analysis of the IHC findings between surgical and EUS–FNA specimens.ResultsThis study involved 149 patients (120 who did not receive and 29 who received preoperative therapy). EUS–FNA specimens were obtained from 20 patients without preoperative therapy and 20 patients with preoperative therapy. Abnormal p53 and high PDGFR‐β expression was significantly correlated with a high incidence of hematogenous metastasis (p < 0.001) and poor postoperative survival (p = 0.006). In patients without preoperative therapy, the results for p53 and PDGFR‐β staining were concordant between surgical and EUS–FNA specimens in 95 % of the cases. In patients with preoperative therapy, 80 and 70 % of the patients showed consistent p53 and PDGFR‐β expression between surgical and EUS–FNA specimens, respectively.ConclusionsPancreatic cancer patients with simultaneous abnormal p53 and high PDGFR‐β expression have a significantly higher risk of hematogenous metastasis and a poor prognosis after surgery. IHC evaluation using EUS–FNA specimens may be able to identify patients with highly metastatic pancreatic cancer who may benefit from aggressive therapeutic intervention.
Large-Scale Urban Riots and Residential Segregation: A Case Study of the 1960s U.S. Riots
Authors: Brazil Noli 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDespite a well-established literature investigating race-related predictors of riot incidence, the racial aftermath of riots remains unexamined. In this study, I use the 1960s U.S. race riots to investigate trends in black residential segregation levels following large-scale riot activity in seven major U.S. cities. I use a novel approach—namely, synthetic control matching—to select a group of cities against which segregation trends can be compared. I find that levels of black segregation rose in 1970 for four of the seven cities, but these increases disappeared in 1980 and 1990 except in Detroit. These results mask differential trends at lower geographic levels: suburban neighborhoods in affected areas experienced larger and longer-term increases in segregation, particularly in traditionally hypersegregated cities in the Midwest and Northeast.
Trends in food consumption and nutrient intake in Germany between 2006 and 2012: results of the German National Nutrition Monitoring (NEMONIT)
Authors: Gose Maria , Krems Carolin , Heuer Thorsten , Hoffmann Ingrid 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe German National Nutrition Monitoring (NEMONIT) is a longitudinal and nationwide study to assess changes in food consumption and nutrient intake in Germany. A sample of 1840 participants (baseline age: 14–80 years) was drawn from the nationally representative German National Nutrition Survey (NVS) II (2005–2007). The participants have been interviewed by telephone annually since 2008. Food consumption was assessed by two 24-h recalls in the NVS II and the 4 years of NEMONIT (2008–2012/2013), respectively. Energy and nutrient intakes were calculated using the German Nutrient Database 3.02. Diet quality was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index-NVS (HEI-NVS) II. Time trends were analysed by generalised estimating equation. Consumption of fruit/fruit products and fruit juice/nectar among men and women decreased, whereas consumption of water, soft drinks and coffee/tea increased over the 6-year period. Furthermore, increased consumption of confectionery and animal fats was observed among women. HEI-NVS II did not change since NVS II in both sexes. There were no changes in energy and protein intakes, but carbohydrate intake declined while fat intake increased over time. Regarding micronutrients, a decreasing intake of thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin B6 was observed in both sexes, but intake of Mg, Fe and niacin increased among women over time. In conclusion, food consumption and nutrient intake remained relatively stable between 2005–2007 and 2012/2013 within this German cohort. A few favourable and unfavourable changes were observed. Compared with national dietary guidelines, consumption of food of plant origin remained too low and consumption of meat/meat products remained too high in Germany.
Strategic Default, Debt Structure, and Stock Returns
Authors: Valta Philip 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper theoretically and empirically investigates how debt structure and strategic interaction among shareholders and debt holders in the event of default affect expected stock returns. The model predicts that expected stock returns are higher for firms that face high debt renegotiation difficulties and that have a large fraction of secured or convertible debt. Using a large sample of publicly traded U.S. firms for the period 1985–2012, the paper presents new evidence on the link between debt structure and stock returns that is supportive of the model’s predictions.
Anthelmintic activity of chicory (Cichorium intybus):in vitroeffects on swine nematodes and relationship to sesquiterpene lactone composition
Authors: WILLIAMS ANDREW R. , PEÑA-ESPINOZA MIGUEL A. , BOAS ULRIK , SIMONSEN HENRIK T. , ENEMARK HEIDI L. , THAMSBORG STIG M. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYChicory is a perennial crop that has been investigated as a forage source for outdoor-reared ruminants and pigs, and has been reported to have anthelmintic properties. Here, we investigatedin vitroanthelmintic effects of forage chicory-extracts against the highly prevalent swine parasitesAscaris suumandOesophagostomum dentatum.Methanol extracts were prepared and purified from two different cultivars of chicory (Spadona and Puna II). Marked differences were observed between the anthelmintic activity of extracts from the two cultivars. Spadona extracts had potent activity againstA. suumthird (L3) and fourth (L4) – stage larvae, as well asO. dentatumL4 and adults, whereas Puna II extracts had less activity againstA. suumand no activity towardsO. dentatumL4. Transmission-electron microscopy ofA. suumL4 exposed to Spadona extracts revealed only subtle changes, perhaps indicative of a specific anthelmintic effect rather than generalized toxicity. Ultra-high liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the purified extracts were rich in sesquiterpene lactones (SL), and that the SL profile differed significantly between cultivars. This is the first report of anthelmintic activity of forage chicory towards swine nematodes. Our results indicate a significant anthelmintic effect, which may possibly be related to SL composition.
Gaps problems and frequencies of patches in cut and project sets
Authors: HAYNES ALAN , KOIVUSALO HENNA , WALTON JAMES , SADUN LORENZO 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe establish a connection between gaps problems in Diophantine approximation and the frequency spectrum of patches in cut and project sets with special windows. Our theorems provide bounds for the number of distinct frequencies of patches of size r, which depend on the precise cut and project sets being used, and which are almost always less than a power of log r. Furthermore, for a substantial collection of cut and project sets we show that the number of frequencies of patches of size r remains bounded as r tends to infinity. The latter result applies to a collection of cut and project sets of full Hausdorff dimension.
Perceptions, Legislation, and Management of Cultural Heritage in Ethiopia
Authors: Nair Vijayakumar Somasekharan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:The present article discusses perceptions of cultural heritage and the development of heritage management in Ethiopia against the background of various pieces of legislation. Compared to many colonized countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the enactment of laws for the protection and preservation of cultural heritage is a recent phenomenon in Ethiopia. Even though archaeological research in Ethiopia dates back to the mid-nineteenth century, there have been no formal heritage laws or scientific restoration programs until 1966. However, living heritage, which is economically and spiritually beneficial to the local communities, has been protected and preserved with TMSs in communities such as Yeha, Konso, and Lalibela. Unlike Western management systems that emphasize the authenticity and integrity of physical features, the TMSs of Ethiopia have focused on the ideals and thoughts of the agencies that produce the cultural heritage. It had its own implications, to say, while retaining the ideological aspects, most built heritages in Ethiopia have been subjected to considerable physical interventions. Such physical interventions have disregarded structural authenticity and integrity of the monuments. Due to foreign invasions, continuous civil conflicts, and sporadic famines in the past, attention to cultural heritage and the implementation of heritage legislation has been negligent. However, Ethiopia has witnessed growing interest in the conservation and preservation of its heritage—cultural and natural; tangible and intangible—during the last twenty years. With the support of international collaborators, the Ethiopian government has initiated several measures to protect its heritage assets.
Midwives of Sixteenth-Century Rural East Anglia
Authors: ALLISON JULIA 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study identifies more than fifty previously unrecorded Elizabethan, East Anglian rural midwives. Their professional lives are discussed in terms of licensing and oaths, knowledge, skills, caseload, travel, networking and years of practice. In regard to their family life, matters examined include marital status, spousal occupation, children, social standing, age at death and testacy. Finding and researching these midwives involved examination of a large number of different kinds of archive documents, including sixteenth-century parish registers and quarter session records. As data were examined a clearer picture emerged of these early midwives and their practice.
The Affair of the Pigeon Droppings: Rural Schoolmasters in Eighteenth-Century France
Authors: CARTER KAREN E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article examines the role played by village schoolmasters in eighteenth-century rural France. Although schoolmasters were not supported or regulated by the state, as they would be a century later, they were able to navigate successfully the complex network of social relationships that existed within early modern rural society. Using the journal of one schoolmaster, Pierre Delahaye, the article demonstrates that in addition to teaching, schoolmasters also worked as record keepers for village notables, as clerks for the parish, and even cleaned the churches and belfries. The schoolmaster's position afforded him a much greater social position than might be assumed from knowledge of only his income and background, and even allowed him to serve as a mediator between the village and the curé. Thus it can be argued that schoolmasters of the eighteenth century were as important to rural society as their state supported counterparts of the nineteenth century.
Preliminary assessment of the scope and scale of illegal killing and taking of birds in the Mediterranean
Authors: BROCHET ANNE-LAURE , VAN DEN BOSSCHE WILLEM , JBOUR SHARIF , NDANG’ANG’A P. KARIUKI , JONES VICTORIA R. , ABDOU WED ABDEL LATIF IBRAHIM , AL- HMOUD ABDEL RAZZAQ , ASSWAD NABEGH GHAZAL , ATIENZA JUAN CARLOS , ATRASH IMAD , BARBARA NICHOLAS , BENSUSAN KEITH , BINO TAULANT , CELADA CLAUDIO , CHERKAOUI SIDI IMAD , COSTA JULIETA , DECEUNINCK BERNARD , ETAYEB KHALED SALEM , FELTRUP-AZAFZAF CLAUDIA , FIGELJ JERNEJ , GUSTIN MARCO , KMECL PRIMOŽ , KOCEVSKI VLADO , KORBETI MALAMO , KOTROŠAN DRAŽEN , MULA LAGUNA JUAN , LATTUADA MATTEO , LEITÃO DOMINGOS , LOPES PAULA , LÓPEZ-JIMÉNEZ NICOLÁS , LUCIĆ VEDRAN , MICOL THIERRY , MOALI AÏSSA , PERLMAN YOAV , PILUDU NICOLA , PORTOLOU DANAE , PUTILIN KSENIJA , QUAINTENNE GWENAEL , RAMADAN-JARADI GHASSAN , RUŽIĆ MILAN , SANDOR ANNA , SARAJLI NERMINA , SAVELJIĆ DARKO , SHELDON ROBERT D. , SHIALIS TASSOS , TSIOPELAS NIKOS , VARGAS FRAN , THOMPSON CLAIRE , BRUNNER ARIEL , GRIMMETT RICHARD , BUTCHART STUART H.M. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIllegal killing/taking of birds is a growing concern across the Mediterranean. However, there are few quantitative data on the species and countries involved. We assessed numbers of individual birds of each species killed/taken illegally in each Mediterranean country per year, using a diverse range of data sources and incorporating expert knowledge. We estimated that 11–36 million individuals per year may be killed/taken illegally in the region, many of them on migration. In each of Cyprus, Egypt, Italy, Lebanon and Syria, more than two million birds may be killed/taken on average each year. For species such as Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla, Common Quail Coturnix coturnix, Eurasian Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs, House Sparrow Passer domesticus and Song Thrush Turdus philomelos, more than one million individuals of each species are estimated to be killed/taken illegally on average every year. Several species of global conservation concern are also reported to be killed/taken illegally in substantial numbers: Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata, Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca and Rock Partridge Alectoris graeca. Birds in the Mediterranean are illegally killed/taken primarily for food, sport and for use as cage-birds or decoys. At the 20 worst locations with the highest reported numbers, 7.9 million individuals may be illegally killed/taken per year, representing 34% of the mean estimated annual regional total number of birds illegally killed/taken for all species combined. Our study highlighted the paucity of data on illegal killing/taking of birds. Monitoring schemes which use systematic sampling protocols are needed to generate increasingly robust data on trends in illegal killing/taking over time and help stakeholders prioritise conservation actions to address this international conservation problem. Large numbers of birds are also hunted legally in the region, but specific totals are generally unavailable. Such data, in combination with improved estimates for illegal killing/taking, are needed for robustly assessing the sustainability of exploitation of birds.
Variability in seed oil content and fatty acid composition, phenotypic traits and self-incompatibility among selected niger germplasm accessions
Authors: Benelli Victoria G. , Allen Fred L. , Wang Ming Li 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNiger (Guizotia abyssinica, L.) is a desirable oilseed crop for birdseed, especially for finches (Spinusspp.) because of its high ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and relatively high oil content. In 2012, phenotypic traits, seed oil and fatty acid content measurements were made on 14 plant introductions (PIs) from the United States Department of Agriculture germplasm collection. The PIs originated in Ethiopia (ten), India (three) and USA (one). The phenotypic traits analysed included seed/plant, branches/plant, capitula/plant1, average seed/capitulum and plant height. After initial assessments of the 14 PIs, three were selected for use as parents to produce two one-way and two two-wayF1crosses for the purpose of evaluating self-incompatibility (SI). Parent andF1progeny seeds were planted in a greenhouse and transplanted to a field site at the East Tennessee Research and Education Center (2012, 2013 and 2014). Comparisons from 2012 showed seed oil of the 14 PIs ranging from 32.9 to 37.9% (PI 508076 (Ethiopia) and PI 509436 (India), respectively). Major fatty acids included stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic; with linoleic acid in highest amount. PI508079 (Ethiopia) had the best combination of seed yield, seed oil and linoleic acid content. Over 2013 and 2014, SI ranged from 91.1 to 100.0%. W6 18860 (USA) had the most self-compatibility, and theF1plants generated from crosses between W6 18860 and other plants tended to be self-compatible when the former was used as a pollen recipient. The results obtained from this study should be useful for niger breeding and production purposes.
Autophagy regulates odontoblast differentiation by suppressing NF-κB activation in an inflammatory environment
Authors: Pei F , Wang H S , Chen Z , Zhang L 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOdontoblasts are derived from dental papilla mesenchymal cells and have an important role in defense against bacterial infection, whereas autophagy can recycle long-lived proteins and damaged organelles to sustain cellular homeostasis. Thus, this study explores the role of autophagy in odontoblast differentiation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vitro and the colocalization of p-NF-κB and LC3 in caries teeth. The odontoblasts differentiation was enhanced through LPS stimulation, and this outcome was reflected in the increased number of mineralized nodules and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The expression levels of the autophagy markers LC3, Atg5, Beclin1 and TFE3 increased time dependently, as well along with the amount of autophagosomes and autophagy fluxes. This result suggests that autophagy was enhanced in odontoblasts cultured with mineralized-induced media containing LPS. To confirm the role of autophagy in differentiated odontoblasts with LPS stimulation, chloroquine (CQ) or rapamycin were used to either block or enhance autophagy. The number of mineralized nodules decreased when autophagy was inhibited, but this number increased with rapamycin treatment. Phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression was negatively related to autophagy and could inhibit odontoblast differentiation. Furthermore, p-NF-κB and LC3 colocalization could be detected in cells stimulated with LPS. The nucleus translocation of p-NF-κB in odontoblasts was enhanced when autophagy was inhibited by Atg5 small interfering RNA. In addition, the colocalization of p-NF-κB and LC3 in odontoblasts and sub-odontoblastic layers was observed in caries teeth with reactionary dentin. Therefore, our findings provide a novel insight into the role of autophagy in regulating odontoblast differentiation by suppressing NF-κB activation in inflammatory environments.
Dengue-induced autophagy, virus replication and protection from cell death require ER stress (PERK) pathway activation
Authors: Datan E , Roy S G , Germain G , Zali N , McLean J E , Golshan G , Harbajan S , Lockshin R A , Zakeri Z 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA virus that reproduces in a host without killing cells can easily establish a successful infection. Previously, we showed that dengue-2, a virus that threatens 40% of the world, induces autophagy, enabling dengue to reproduce in cells without triggering cell death. Autophagy further protects the virus-laden cells from further insults. In this study, we evaluate how it does so; we show that dengue upregulates host pathways that increase autophagy, namely endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling followed by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inhibition of ER stress or ATM signaling abrogates the dengue-conferred protection against other cell stressors. Direct inhibition of ER stress response in infected cells decreases autophagosome turnover, reduces ROS production and limits reproduction of dengue virus. Blocking ATM activation, which is an early response to infection, decreases transcription of ER stress response proteins, but ATM has limited impact on production of ROS and virus titers. Production of ROS determines only late-onset autophagy in infected cells and is not necessary for dengue-induced protection from stressors. Collectively, these results demonstrate that among the multiple autophagy-inducing pathways during infection, ER stress signaling is more important to viral replication and protection of cells than either ATM or ROS-mediated signaling. To limit virus production and survival of dengue-infected cells, one must address the earliest phase of autophagy, induced by ER stress.