bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate on matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in human pulp cells and odontoblast‐like cells in vitro
Authors: Sun S. , Wang G.‐l. , Huang Y. , Diwu H.‐l. , Luo Y.‐c. , Su J. , Xiao Y.‐h. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimTo assess the effects of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) on proliferation and migration of human pulp cells, as well as on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP‐2 and MMP‐9) expression in human odontoblast‐like cells, contributing to the goal of determining the relationship between resin materials and MMP activity in pulp–dentine complexes.MethodologyDental pulp cell cultures were established from pulp tissue of human teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes. Pulp cell differentiation was characterized in the presence of dentine sialophosphoprotein, bone sialoprotein and alkaline phosphatase by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. MMP activity was assessed by gelatine zymography with media containing HEMA. Cell viability was evaluated using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay for 24–72 h. Cell migration was tested using Transwell migration assay. Western blotting was used to visualize MMP expression with the nontoxic HEMA concentrations (0–400 μg mL−1) for 48 h.ResultsPulp cell proliferation decreased with HEMA exposure in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. HEMA concentrations ≤400 μg mL−1 did not induce changes in cell viability at 48 h (P < 0.05). Pulp cells were induced to differentiate into odontoblast‐like cells in media containing 5 mg mL−1 ascorbic acid and 10 mmol L−1 β‐sodium glycerophosphate for 3–4 weeks. After incubation with HEMA, dose‐dependent inhibition was observed; HEMA had a strong inhibitory effect on MMP activity. Compared with the control group, cell migration and MMP expression were inhibited significantly with increasing HEMA concentration at noncytotoxic doses (P < 0.05).ConclusionsCell viability was not affected at HEMA concentrations ≤400 μg mL−1. Within this range, HEMA inhibited MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression and activity, which may protect against type I collagen degradation effectively during dentine adhesive procedures.
Strengths of ceramic fiber bundles: Theory and practice
Authors: Callaway Evan B. , Zok Frank W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Weibull modulus and reference strength of ceramic fibers can be inferred from measurements of the tensile stress‐strain response of a bundle of such fibers. The goal of the present article is to address issues in the fidelity of results stemming from fiber bundle tests and strategies to optimize outcomes. The issues are addressed through established theorems in uncertainty propagation, Monte Carlo simulations of fiber bundle fracture, and experimental measurements on bundles of SiC fibers of various length and surface condition. The study shows that optimal results are obtained when: (i) tests are performed on fiber bundles with a gauge length that exceeds a critical value (specifically, that needed to prevent mechanical instabilities in the post‐load‐maximum domain); (ii) bundles are lubricated with a low‐viscosity oil, to mitigate both inter‐fiber friction and dynamic coupling associated with release waves following fiber fracture; and (iii) the Weibull parameters are obtained by directly fitting the measured stress‐strain curves with the function predicted by fiber bundle theory, rather than using methods based on either linear regression analysis of Weibull probability plots or fitting of the peak stress and strain alone.
Preparation and high‐temperature behavior of HfC–SiC nanocomposites derived from a non‐oxygen single‐source‐precursor
Authors: Cheng Jun , Wang Xiaozhou , Wang Hao , Shao Changwei , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA single‐source precursor for the preparation of HfC‐SiC ceramics was synthesized via a Grignard reaction using bis(cyclopentadienyl)hafnium(IV) dichloride, trans‐1,4‐dibromo‐2‐butene, and (chloromethyl)trimethylsilane as raw materials. The composition, structure, pyrolysis process and high‐temperature behavior of the precursor were investigated. The results show that the precursor with a backbone comprising Hf–C, Si–C and CH=CH groups exhibits good solubility in common solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethylbenzene, and chloroform. Pyrolysis of the precursor at 1000°C yielded a microcrystalline HfC phase with a ceramic yield of 63.86 wt%. The pyrolytic products at 1600°C were HfC–SiC nanocomposite ceramics, which exhibited good thermal stability up to 2400°C. The formation of a (Hf,Si)C solid‐solution would be beneficial for densification during the sintering process. The non‐oxygen structure, high ceramic yield, homogeneous composition and excellent high‐temperature behavior of the pyrolytic products make the as‐prepared precursor a promising material for the preparation of high‐performance ultra‐high‐temperature ceramics.
Review of phase III trial data on IL‐23 inhibitors tildrakizumab and guselkumab for psoriasis
Authors: Amin M. , Darji K. , No D.J. , Wu J.J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe development of monoclonal antibodies targeting IL‐12 and IL‐23 has enhanced the therapeutic options available for psoriasis patients. Recent research suggests that IL‐23 alone plays a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The objective was to review the phase III clinical trial data for the anti‐IL‐23 agents to evaluate the safety and efficacy profile of each agent. We reviewed the results of the phase III clinical trials for the anti‐IL‐23 agents tildrakizumab and guselkumab. The results of phase III trials on risankizumab have not yet been reported. By week 12, the proportion of patients reaching Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) was >60% among the most efficacious dose of each agent. The percentage of patients achieving PASI 90 at week 16 was the primary endpoint for the phase III trials for guselkumab, which was above 70%. The safety profiles of the agents were comparable, with the most commonly reported adverse events of nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infections. The anti‐IL‐23 agents demonstrated a rapid clinical improvement that is similar or superior to the improvement seen with currently marketed IL‐17 inhibitors with a favourable short‐term safety profile. The results of the phase III trials support the notion that IL‐23 is a potential target in psoriasis treatment.
Developing integrative systematics in the informatics and genomic era, and calling for a global Biodiversity Cyberbank
Authors: Wen Jun , Harris AJ , Ickert‐Bond Stefanie M. , Dikow Rebecca , Wurdack Kenneth , Zimmer Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSystematics is the science of discovering, organizing and interpreting the diversity of all living organisms. Recent developments in genomics and biodiversity informatics are transforming systematics and have opened up many new opportunities. Major digitization efforts and developments in biodiversity informatics have helped the systematics community explore ways to enhance the efficiency in organizing, publishing, and utilizing systematic information. At the same time, genomics is rapidly facilitating construction of the tree of life, improving taxonomic classification, and disentangling complex evolutionary histories. In the informatics and genomics era, systematics has an incredible capacity to integrate with computational and exploratory platforms for discovery as well as with other, related disciplines while maintaining its core strengths in biological collections and morphology. We call for the establishment of a new global cyberinfrastructure or Biodiversity Cyberbank that will function as the main repository of many types of biodiversity data to ensure the long‐term sustainability of the vast and growing amount of systematic data. This Biodiversity Cyberbank will contain new and efficient analytical pipelines for systematics research, especially for efficiently generating taxonomic treatments (revisions, e‐monographs and floras). Integrative systematics requires the training of the next‐generation systematists with taxonomic, phylogenomic and informatics skills to address grand questions about biodiversity and its assembly and continue to develop the Biodiversity Cyberbank. Integrative systematics must also proactively educate the public and policy makers on the importance of systematics and collections for addressing the biodiversity crisis of the Anthropocene, and a Biodiversity Cyberbank may represent one powerful tool for outreach.
When new human‐modified habitats favour the expansion of an amphibian pioneer species: Evolutionary history of the natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) in a coal basin
Authors: Faucher Leslie , Hénocq Laura , Vanappelghem Cédric , Rondel Stéphanie , Quevillart Robin , Gallina Sophie , Godé Cécile , Jaquiéry Julie , Arnaud Jean‐François 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHuman activities affect microevolutionary dynamics by inducing environmental changes. In particular, land cover conversion and loss of native habitats decrease genetic diversity and jeopardize the adaptive ability of populations. Nonetheless, new anthropogenic habitats can also promote the successful establishment of emblematic pioneer species. We investigated this issue by examining the population genetic features and evolutionary history of the natterjack toad (Bufo [Epidalea] calamita) in northern France, where populations can be found in native coastal habitats and coalfield habitats shaped by European industrial history, along with an additional set of European populations located outside this focal area. We predicted contrasting patterns of genetic structure, with newly settled coalfield populations departing from migration–drift equilibrium. As expected, coalfield populations showed a mosaic of genetically divergent populations with short‐range patterns of gene flow, and native coastal populations indicated an equilibrium state with an isolation‐by‐distance pattern suggestive of postglacial range expansion. However, coalfield populations exhibited (i) high levels of genetic diversity, (ii) no evidence of local inbreeding or reduced effective population size and (iii) multiple maternal mitochondrial lineages, a genetic footprint depicting independent colonization events. Furthermore, approximate Bayesian computations suggested several evolutionary trajectories from ancient isolation in glacial refugia during the Pleistocene, with biogeographical signatures of recent expansion probably confounded by human‐mediated mixing of different lineages. From an evolutionary and conservation perspective, this study highlights the ecological value of industrial areas, provided that ongoing regional gene flow is ensured within the existing lineage boundaries.
Human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium attenuate interstitial fibrosis and stimulate the repair of tubular epithelial cells in an irreversible model of unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Liu Bo , Ding Feng‐Xia , Liu Yang , Xiong Geng , Lin Tao , He Da‐Wei , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang De‐Ying , Wei Guang‐Hui 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimThe growing number of patients suffering from chronic renal disease (CKD) is a challenge for the development of innovative therapies. Researchers have studied the therapeutic effects of cell therapy in acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the therapeutic effect of conditional medium (CM) in the CKD models have been rarely reported. Here, we examined the effects of umbilical cord derived‐mesenchymal stem cells (hUC‐MSCs) CM on renal fibrosis in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).MethodsAnimals were randomly divided into three groups: sham‐operated, UUO, UUO + CM. CM was administered via the left renal artery after total ligation of the left ureter. Rats were killed after 14 days of obstruction. Histological changes and oxidative stress parameters were assessed. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to measure epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, including epithelial cadherin (E‐cadherin), α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), Collagen‐I, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1). Proliferation and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEs) were also measured.ResultsHucMSC‐CM significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased the activity of glutathione (GSH) induced by UUO. Moreover, CM significantly reduced the expression of TGF‐β1, α‐SMA, TNF‐α and Collagen‐I in UUO kidney, promoted the proliferation of RTEs and inhibited its apoptosis. In addition, the increased expression of E‐cadherin also reflects the effective improvement of renal interstitial fibrosis.ConclusionThis study shows that CM protects UUO‐induced kidney damage and therefore could be a potential tool to prevent CKD progression.
Solanum dulcamara's response to eggs of an insect herbivore comprises ovicidal hydrogen peroxide production
Authors: Geuss Daniel , Stelzer Sandra , Lortzing Tobias , Steppuhn Anke 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPlants can respond to insect oviposition, but little is known about which responses directly target the insect eggs and how. Here, we reveal a mechanism by which the bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara kills the eggs of a generalist noctuid herbivore. The plant responded at the site of oviposition by Spodoptera exigua with formation of neoplasms and chlorotic tissue, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and induction of defence genes and proteins. Transcriptome analysis revealed that these responses were reflected in the transcriptional reprogramming of the egg‐laden leaf. The plant‐mediated egg mortality on S. dulcamara was not present on a genotype lacking chlorotic leaf tissue at the oviposition sites on which the eggs are exposed to less hydrogen peroxide. As exposure to hydrogen peroxide increased egg mortality, while catalase supplementation prevented the plants from killing the eggs, our results suggest that reactive oxygen species formation directly acts as an ovicidal plant response of S. dulcamara.
Sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac responses to phobia‐relevant and disgust‐specific emotion provocation in blood‐injection‐injury phobia with and without fainting history
Authors: Simon Erica , Meuret Alicia E. , Ritz Thomas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe autonomic regulation in blood‐injection‐injury (BII) phobia has received particular attention due to the unique link between fear and fainting in this anxiety disorder. However, systematic exploration of sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac activity during exposure to phobia‐relevant emotional stimuli has remained rare and inconclusive, including with regard to disgust, a frequent response to BII stimuli. Existing studies using respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) as a noninvasive index of parasympathetic cardiac activity also have not accounted sufficiently for effects of respiration. We compared 60 participants with BII phobia (27 with and 33 without history of loss of consciousness) and 20 healthy controls during emotion induction with films, including a disgust and a BII‐relevant surgery film. Cardiorespiratory activity was measured continuously, with RSA (controlled for respiration) and T‐wave amplitude (TWA; as a noninvasive index of sympathetic cardiac activity) extracted. Significant increases in RSA during the surgery film were observed for participants with a history of loss of consciousness compared to others, but controlling for respiration eliminated these differences. Sympathetic effects with heart rate accelerations, which were most pronounced for the disgust film, did not differentiate groups. However, substantial increases in RSA and TWA, suggesting parasympathetic excitation and sympathetic withdrawal, were observed in five participants that became presyncopal during the surgery film. Thus, parasympathetic excitation and sympathetic withdrawal appear to be cardinal autonomic features in BII phobia, but larger studies of participants reaching presyncopal states in BII‐relevant stimulus exposure are needed to consolidate these findings.
Resting heart rate, guilt, and sympathy: A developmental psychophysiological study of physical aggression
Authors: Colasante Tyler , Malti Tina 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough low resting heart rate has been linked to frequent aggressive conduct in childhood, little is known about the interaction of this biological risk with social emotions that protect against aggression across development. With a sample of 5‐, 8‐, and 12‐year‐olds (N = 110), we tested whether the negative link between resting heart rate and physical aggression was offset by high guilt and sympathy. Caregivers reported their children's physical aggression and sympathy. Children's electrocardiogram data were collected while they viewed a nondescript video, after which they reported their guilt—or lack thereof—in response to vignettes depicting social transgressions. Lower resting heart rate was significantly associated with higher physical aggression in 5‐year‐olds who reported low—but not medium and high—levels of guilt, and in 8‐year‐olds with low—but not medium and high—ratings of sympathy. Neither guilt nor sympathy moderated the resting heart rate–physical aggression link in 12‐year‐olds. We discuss how social emotions may help children with low resting heart rates navigate social conflicts and avoid aggressive physical confrontations.
Aerobiology: Experimental Considerations, Observations, and Future Tools
Authors: Haddrell Allen E. , Thomas Richard J. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Understanding airborne survival and decay of microorganisms is important for a range of public health and biodefense applications, including epidemiological and risk analysis modeling. Techniques for experimental aerosol generation, retention in the aerosol phase, and sampling require careful consideration and understanding so that they are representative of the conditions the bioaerosol would experience in the environment. This review explores the current understanding of atmospheric transport in relation to advances and limitations of aerosol generation, maintenance in the aerosol phase, and sampling techniques. Potential tools for the future are examined at the interface between atmospheric chemistry, aerosol physics, and molecular microbiology where the heterogeneity and variability of aerosols can be explored at the single-droplet and single-microorganism levels within a bioaerosol. The review highlights the importance of method comparison and validation in bioaerosol research and the benefits that the application of novel techniques could bring to increasing the understanding of aerobiological phenomena in diverse research fields, particularly during the progression of atmospheric transport, where complex interdependent physicochemical and biological processes occur within bioaerosol particles.
Initial Gut Microbial Composition as a Key Factor Driving Host Response to Antibiotic Treatment, as Exemplified by the Presence or Absence of Commensal Escherichia coli
Authors: Ju Tingting , Shoblak Yasmeen , Gao Yanhua , Yang Kaiyuan , Fouhse Janelle , Finlay B. Brett , So Yee Wing , Stothard Paul , Willing Benjamin P. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Antibiotics are important for treating bacterial infection; however, efficacies and side effects of antibiotics vary in medicine and experimental models. A few studies have correlated microbiota composition variations with health outcomes in response to antibiotics; however, no study has demonstrated causality. We had noted variation in colonic expression of C-type lectins, regenerating islet-derived protein 3β (Reg3β) and Reg3γ, after metronidazole treatment in a mouse model. To investigate the effects of specific variations in the preexisting microbiome on host response to antibiotics, mice harboring a normal microbiota were allocated to 4 treatments in a 2-by-2 factorial arrangement with or without commensal
Escherichia coli
and with or without metronidazole in drinking water.
E. coli
colonized readily without causing a notable shift in the microbiota or host response. Metronidazole administration reduced microbiota biodiversity, indicated by decreased Chao1 and Shannon index values, and altered microbiota composition. However, the presence of
E. coli
strongly affected metronidazole-induced microbiota shifts. Remarkably, this single commensal bacterium in the context of a complex population led to variations in host responses to metronidazole treatment, including increased expression of antimicrobial peptides Reg3β and Reg3γ and intestinal inflammation indicated by tumor necrosis factor alpha levels. Similar results were obtained from 2-week antibiotic exposure and with additional
E. coli
isolates. The results of this proof-of-concept study indicate that even minor variations in initial commensal microbiota can drive shifts in microbial composition and host response after antibiotic administration. As well as providing an explanation for variability in animal models using antibiotics, the findings encourage the development of personalized medication in antibiotic therapies.

IMPORTANCE
This work provides an understanding of variability in studies where antibiotics are used to alter the gut microbiota to generate a host response. Furthermore, although providing evidence only for the one antibiotic, the study demonstrated that initial gut microbial composition is a key factor driving host response to antibiotic administration, creating a compelling argument for considering personalized medication based on individual variations in gut microbiota.
Molybdenum-Based Diazotrophy in a Sphagnum Peatland in Northern Minnesota
Authors: Warren Melissa J. , Lin Xueju , Gaby John C. , Kretz Cecilia B. , Kolton Max , Morton Peter L. , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Weston David J. , Schadt Christopher W. , Kostka Joel E. , Glass Jennifer B. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Microbial N
2
fixation (diazotrophy) represents an important nitrogen source to oligotrophic peatland ecosystems, which are important sinks for atmospheric CO
2
and are susceptible to the changing climate. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the active microbial group and type of nitrogenase mediating diazotrophy in an ombrotrophic
Sphagnum
-dominated peat bog (the S1 peat bog, Marcell Experimental Forest, Minnesota, USA); and (ii) to determine the effect of environmental parameters (light, O
2
, CO
2
, and CH
4
) on potential rates of diazotrophy measured by acetylene (C
2
H
2
) reduction and
15
N
2
incorporation. A molecular analysis of metabolically active microbial communities suggested that diazotrophy in surface peat was primarily mediated by
Alphaproteobacteria
(
Bradyrhizobiaceae
and
Beijerinckiaceae
). Despite higher concentrations of dissolved vanadium ([V] 11 nM) than molybdenum ([Mo] 3 nM) in surface peat, a combination of metagenomic, amplicon sequencing, and activity measurements indicated that Mo-containing nitrogenases dominate over the V-containing form. Acetylene reduction was only detected in surface peat exposed to light, with the highest rates observed in peat collected from hollows with the highest water contents. Incorporation of
15
N
2
was suppressed 90% by O
2
and 55% by C
2
H
2
and was unaffected by CH
4
and CO
2
amendments. These results suggest that peatland diazotrophy is mediated by a combination of C
2
H
2
-sensitive and C
2
H
2
-insensitive microbes that are more active at low concentrations of O
2
and show similar activity at high and low concentrations of CH
4
.

IMPORTANCE
Previous studies indicate that diazotrophy provides an important nitrogen source and is linked to methanotrophy in
Sphagnum
-dominated peatlands. However, the environmental controls and enzymatic pathways of peatland diazotrophy, as well as the metabolically active microbial populations that catalyze this process, remain in question. Our findings indicate that oxygen levels and photosynthetic activity override low nutrient availability in limiting diazotrophy and that members of the
Alphaproteobacteria
(
Rhizobiales
) catalyze this process at the bog surface using the molybdenum-based form of the nitrogenase enzyme.