bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermittent Fasting‐Induced Orm2 Promotes Adipose Browning via the GP130/IL23R‐p38 Cascade
Authors: Zhu Xuejuan , Wang Xinran , Wang Jingang , Du Lei , Zhang Zhen‐Ning , Zhou Donglei , Han Junfeng , Luan Bing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntermittent fasting (IF) plays a critical role in mitigating obesity, yet the precise biological mechanisms require further elucidation. Here Orosomucoid 2 (Orm2) is identified as an IF‐induced hepatokine that stimulates adipose browning. IF induced Orm2 expression and secretion from the liver through peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα). In adipose tissue, Orm2 bound to glycoprotein 130/interleukin 23 receptor (GP130/IL23R) and promoted adipose browning through the activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (p38‐MAPK). In obese mice, Orm2 led to a significant induction of adipose tissue browning and subsequent weight loss, an effect that is not replicated by a mutant variant of Orm2 deficient in GP130/IL23R binding capability. Crucially, genetic association studies in humans identified an obesity‐associated Orm2 variant (D178E), which shows decreased GP130/IL23R binding and impaired browning capacity in mice. Overall, the research identifies Orm2 as a promising therapeutic target for obesity, mediating adipose browning through the GP130/IL23R‐p38 signalling pathway.
Controllable In situ Polymerization of 1,3‐Dioxolane via Sustained‐Release Effect for Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Sucheng , Wu Boyong , Huang Song , Lin Zitian , Song Huiyu , Du Li , Liang Zhenxing , Cui Zhiming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn situ formed poly(1,3‐dioxolane) (PDOL) electrolytes are of great interest due to the facile process and the improved interface contact. However, the practical application of in situ PDOL electrolytes is still plagued by fast solidification time (liquid state) and poor high‐voltage stability (solid state). Herein, the slow‐release carriers triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), which play dual roles as initiator sustained‐release and network confinement, can tune DOL curing time and cathode/electrolyte interface chemistry is demonstrated. Specifically, the electronegative C≐O and epoxy groups in TGIC have an affinity with BF3, the decomposition product of lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB), delaying BF3 protonation reaction and thus extending DOL solidification time. In addition, the epoxy groups in TGIC serve as crosslinking sites to form in situ crosslinked polymer electrolytes (TPDOL@FEC). The corresponding network structure suppresses the contact reaction between high‐fluidity organic components and cathodes, generating a uniform and thin cathode electrolyte interface layer. As a result, the TPDOL@FEC precursor solution can remain its liquid state even after resting 24 h at room temperature. The assembled LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2||TPDOL@FEC||Li cells display an impressive capacity retention of 91.5% after 100 cycles at 4.4 V (0.5 C). This study is expected to be a leap in the pursuit of practically feasible in situ formed PDOL electrolytes.
Perspectives and Insights Into Phenylketonuria: Provider Narratives About the Early Years Following Newborn Screening
Authors: Hollander Suzanne , Levy Harvey , Rohr Fran , Waisbren Susan , Rincon Priscila , Wessel Ann , Sacharow Stephanie 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe understanding of phenylketonuria (PKU), guidelines, and treatment landscape have evolved dramatically over the decades since newborn screen implementation. We capture this rich history from the stories and experiences of a multidisciplinary provider team from Boston Children's Hospital's PKU Clinic, who treated PKU from the early years of newborn screening and who worked together for over 40 years.
Design of a 10.8 to 34.6 GHz Ultra‐Wideband Transparent Metamaterial Absorber Using an Equivalent Circuit Model
Authors: Cai Yongxi , Liu Jiaqing , Zhang Jizhe , Li Xiao , Dong Daxing , Yin Xiaogang , Fu Yangyang , Liu Youwen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, an ultra‐wideband metamaterial absorber (UWMA) is proposed and demonstrated by using a transparent and flexible sandwich structure, which consists of a top patterned double‐square loop (DSL) of conductive film, the polymer interlayer, the bottom conductive film. The work presents the UWMA's equivalent circuit model for a macroscopic analysis of its physical mechanism. Further, optimizing UWMA's structural parameters using this equivalent circuit model can greatly enhance its efficiency. The absorption coefficient of the designed structure achieves over 90% within the wide frequency range from 10.82 to 34.59 GHz due to the overlapping of three absorption bands. The experimental results indicate that the absorption coefficient of the fabricated structure exceeds 60% in the frequency range of 10.45–35.28 GHz, and reaches 90% in the majority of frequency range of 10.71–28.51 GHz, while its averaged optical transparency in the visible spectrum exceeds 75%. The UWMA achieves high transparency due to a small ratio of the surface area occupied by the ITO pattern to the total area and realizes multiple‐resonance ultra‐wideband absorption with conformality while maintaining a thickness of only 2.2 mm, which has diverse applications in the field of electromagnetics, including aircraft stealth, transparent chambers, and flexible electronic screens.
Oxygen‐Stable Electrochemical CO2 Capture using Redox‐Active Heterocyclic Benzodithiophene Quinone
Authors: Abdinejad Maryam , Massen‐Hane Michael , Seo Hyowon , Hatton T. Alan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrochemical carbon capture offers a promising alternative to thermal amine technology, which serves as the traditional benchmark method for CO2 capture. Despite its technological maturity, the widespread deployment of thermal amine technologies is hindered by high energy consumption and sorbent degradation. In contrast, electrochemical methods, with their inherently isothermal operation, address these challenges, offering enhanced energy efficiency and robustness. Among emerging strategies, electrochemical carbon capture systems using redox‐active materials such as quinones stand out for their potential to capture CO2. However, their practical application is currently limited by their low stability in the presence of oxygen. We demonstrate that benzodithiophene quinone (BDT‐Q), a heterocyclic quinone, exhibits high stability in electrochemical carbon capture processes with oxygen‐containing feed gas. Conducted in a cyclic flow system with a simulated flue gas mixture containing 13 % CO2 and 3.5 % O2 for over 100 hours, the process demonstrates high oxygen stability with an electron utilization of 0.83 without significant degradation, indicating a promising approach for real world applications. Our study explores the potential of new heterocyclic quinone compounds in the context of carbon capture technologies.
Effective Enrichment of Free Radicals through Nanoconfinement Boosts Electrochemiluminescence of Carbon Dots Derived from Luminol
Authors: Han Yujie , Ren Xiang , Wu Tingting , Lei Li Yan , Ma Hongmin , Ru Zhuangzhuang , Jia Yue , Feng Gao Zhong , Du Yu , Wu Dan , Wei Qin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLocal enrichment of free radicals at the electrode interface may open new opportunities for the development of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) applications. The sensing platform was constructed by assembling ECL‐emitting luminol derived carbon dots (Lu CDs) onto the heterojunction Tungsten disulfide/Covalent organic frameworks (WS2@COF) for the first time, establishing a nanoconfinement‐reactor with significantly heightened ECL intensity and stability compared to the Lu CDs‐H2O2 system. This enhanced performance is credited to the COF domain‘s restricted pore environment, where WS2@COF exhibits a more negative adsorption energy for H2O2, effectively enriching H2O2 in the catalytic edge sites of WS2. Furthermore, the internal electric field at the WS2 and COF interface accelerates electron flow, boosting WS2′s catalytic activity and achieving domain‐limited catalytic enhancement of ECL. Self‐designed DNA nanomachines combined with cascading molecular keypad locking mechanisms are integrated into the biosensors, effectively guaranteeing the accuracy of the sensing process while providing crucial safeguards for molecular diagnostics and information security applications. In essence, this innovative approach represents the first system to enhance local free radical concentrations by enriching co‐reactants on the electrode surface through nanoconfinement catalysis, yielding heightened ECL intensity. The potential impact of this novel strategy and sensing mechanism on real‐bioanalysis applications is promising.
Triplet‐Sensitized Switching of High‐Energy‐Density Norbornadienes for Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage with Visible Light
Authors: Zähringer Till J. B. , Perez Lopez Nico , Schulte Robin , Schmitz Matthias , Ihmels Heiko , Kerzig Christoph 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNorbornadiene‐based photoswitches have emerged as promising candidates for harnessing and storing solar energy, holding great promise as a viable solution to meet the growing energy demands. Despite their potential, the effectiveness of their direct photochemical conversion into the resulting quadricyclanes has room for improvement owing to (i) moderate quantum yields, (ii) poor overlap with the solar spectrum and (iii) photochemical back reactions. Herein, we present an approach to enhance the performance of such molecular solar thermal energy storage (MOST) systems through the triplet‐sensitized conversion of aryl‐substituted norbornadienes. Our study combines deep spectroscopic analyses, irradiation experiments, and quantum mechanical calculations to elucidate the energy transfer mechanism and inherent advantages of the resulting MOST systems. We demonstrate remarkable quantum yields using readily available sensitizers under both LED and solar light irradiation, significantly surpassing those achieved through direct excitation with photons of higher energy. In contrast to the conventional approach, light‐induced back reactions of the high‐energy products do not play any role, allowing quantitative switching within minutes. These results not only underscore the potential of triplet‐sensitized MOST systems to leverage the high energy storage capabilities of multistate photoswitches but they might also stimulate the broader usage of sensitization strategies in photochemical energy conversion.
Carbodicarbene‐Stibenium Ion‐Mediated Functionalization of C(sp3)−H and C(sp)−H Bonds
Authors: Warring Levi , Westendorff Karl S. , Bennett Marc T. , Nam Kijeong , Stewart Brennan M. , Dickie Diane A. , Paolucci Christopher , Gunnoe T. Brent , Gilliard Robert J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMain‐group element‐mediated C−H activation remains experimentally challenging and the development of clear concepts and design principles has been limited by the increased reactivity of relevant complexes, especially for the heavier elements. Herein, we report that the stibenium ion [(pyCDC)Sb][NTf2]3 (1) (pyCDC=bis‐pyridyl carbodicarbene; NTf2=bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) reacts with acetonitrile in the presence of the base 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylpyridine to enable C(sp3)−H bond breaking to generate the stiba‐methylene nitrile complex [(pyCDC)Sb(CH2CN)][NTf2]2 (2). Kinetic analyses were performed to elucidate the rate dependence for all the substrates involved in the reaction. Computational studies suggest that C−H activation proceeds via a mechanism in which acetonitrile first coordinates to the Sb center through the nitrogen atom in a κ1 fashion, thereby weakening the C−H bond which can then be deprotonated by base in solution. Further, we show that 1 reacts with terminal alkynes in the presence of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylpyridine to enable C(sp)−H bond breaking to form stiba‐alkynyl adducts of the type [(pyCDC)Sb(CCR)][NTf2]2 (3 a–f). Compound 1 shows excellent specificity for the activation of the terminal C(sp)−H bond even across alkynes with diverse functionality. The resulting stiba‐methylene nitrile and stiba‐alkynyl adducts react with elemental iodine (I2) to produce iodoacetonitrile and iodoalkynes, while regenerating an Sb trication.
Dipole Moment Modulation of Terminal Groups Enables Asymmetric Acceptors Featuring Medium Bandgap for Efficient and Stable Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zou Bosen , Liang Anhai , Ding Pengbo , Yao Jia , Zeng Xianghao , Li Hongxiang , Ma Ruijie , Li Chunliang , Wu Weiwei , Chen Dezhang , Qammar Memoona , Yu Han , Yi Jicheng , Guo Liang , Pun Sai Ho , Halpert Jonathan E. , Li Gang , Kan Zhipeng , Yan He 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study puts forth a novel terminal group design to develop medium‐band gap Y‐series acceptors beyond conventional side‐chain engineering. We focused on the strategical integration of an electron‐donating methoxy group and an electron‐withdrawing halogen atom at benzene‐fused terminal groups. This combination precisely modulated the dipole moment and electron density of terminal groups, effectively attenuating intramolecular charge transfer effect, and widening the band gap of acceptors. The incorporation of these terminal groups yielded two asymmetric acceptors, named BTP‐2FClO and BTP‐2FBrO, both of which exhibited open‐circuit voltage (Voc) as high as 0.96 V in binary devices, representing the highest VOCs among the asymmetric Y‐series small molecule acceptors. More importantly, both BTP‐2FClO and BTP‐2FBrO exhibit modest aggregation behaviors and molecular crystallinity, making them suitable as a third component to mitigate excess aggregation of the PM6 : BTP‐eC9 blend and optimize the devices’ morphology. As a result, the optimized BTP‐2FClO‐based ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.34 %, positioning it among the highest‐performing OSCs. Our study highlights the molecular design importance on manipulating dipole moments and electron density in developing medium‐band gap acceptors, and offers a highly efficient third component for high‐performance ternary OSCs.
Single‐Step Synthesis of An Ideal Chain Antiferromagnet [H2(4,4′‐bipyridyl)](H3O)2Fe2F10 with Spin S=5/2
Authors: Wang Yanhong , Dou Yaling , Takastu Hiroshi , Wang Tao , Koo Hyun‐Joo , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Kageyama Hiroshi , Lu Hongcheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOne‐dimensional (1D) magnets are of great interest owing to their intriguing quantum phenomena and potential application in quantum computing. We successfully synthesized an ideal antiferromagnetic spin S=5/2 chain compound [H2(4,4′‐bpy)](H3O)2Fe2F10 (4,4′‐bpy=4,4′‐bipyridyl) 1, using a single‐step low‐temperature hydrothermal method under conditions that favors the protonation of the bulky bidentate ligand 4,4′‐bpy. Compound 1 consists of well‐separated (Fe3+−F−)∞ chains with a large Fe−F−Fe angle of 174.8°. Both magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements show that 1 does not undergo a magnetic long‐range ordering down to 0.5 K, despite the strong Fe−F−Fe intrachain spin exchange J with J/kB=−16.2(1) K. This indicates a negligibly weak interchain spin exchange J′. The J′/J value estimated for 1 is extremely small (<2.8×10−6), smaller than those reported for all other S=5/2 chain magnets. Our hydrothermal synthesis incorporates both [H2(4,4′‐bpy)]2+ and (H3O)+ cations into the crystal lattice with numerous hydrogen bonds, hence effectively separating the (Fe3+−F−)∞ spin chains. This single‐step hydrothermal synthesis under conditions favoring the protonation of bulky bidentate ligands offers an effective synthetic strategy to prepare well‐separated 1D spin chain systems of magnetic ions with various spin values.
Four‐State Electrochromism in Tris(4‐aminophenyl)amine‐ terephthalaldehyde‐based Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Kumar Silori Gaurav , Chien Szu‐Chia , Lin Li‐Chiang , Ho Kuo‐Chuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are of massive interest due to their potential application spanning diverse fields such as gas storage and separation, catalysis, drug delivery systems, sensing, and organic electronics. In view of their application‐oriented quest, the field of electrochromism marked a significant stride with the reporting of the first electrochromic COF in 2019 [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 19831–19838]. Since then, new and novel COF structures with electrochromic features (denoted as ecCOFs) have been searched continuously. Yet, only a handful of ecCOFs have been constructed to date. A closer look at these reports suggests that multielectrochromism (showing at least three redox color states) in a COF assembly has only been achieved once, manifested through three‐state electrochromism [Angew. Chem. 2021, 133, 12606–1261]. Herein, we report four‐state electrochromism in tris(4‐aminophenyl)amine‐terephthalaldehyde (TAPA‐PDA)‐based COF constructed through the metal‐catalyst free Schiff base approach. The four‐state (orange, pear, green, and cyan) electrochromism demonstrated by the TAPA‐PDA ecCOF opens several futuristic avenues for ecCOF′s end use in flip‐flop logic gates, intelligent windows, decorative displays, and energy‐saving devices.
High Mass Transfer Rate in Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Achieved with Efficient Quasi‐Gas Phase System
Authors: Xie Dan , Ding Liang‐Xin , Chen Sibo , Chen Gao‐Feng , Cheng Hui , Wang Haihui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe adhesion of H2 bubbles on the electrode surface is one of the main factors limiting the performance of H2 evolution of electrolytic water, especially at high current density. To overcome this problem, here a “quasi‐gas phase” electrolytic water reaction system based on capillary effect is proposed for the first time to improve the mass transfer efficiency of H2. The typical feature of this reaction system is that the main site of H2 evolution reaction is transferred from the bulk aqueous solution to the gas phase environment above the bulk aqueous solution, thus effectively inhibiting the aggregation of H2 bubbles and reducing the resistance of their diffusion away. Electrochemical test results show that the proposed quasi‐gas phase system can significantly reduce the potential required in H2 evolution reaction process at high current density compared with the conventional electrolytic reaction system. Specifically, the overpotential potential is reduced by 0.31 V when the H2 evolution current density of 250 mA cm−2 is achieved.
Selenium Treatment Ameliorates the Adverse Effects Caused by Dynamin Gene Knockdown in Bombyx mori
Authors: Hong Ting‐Ting , Hu Shuo , Hu Fei , Ge Wen‐Jie , Thakur Kiran , Tang Shun‐Ming , Wei Zhao‐Jun 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTOur previous research reported the influence of 50 μM selenium (Se) on the cytosolization (endocytosis) pathway, which in turn stimulates the growth and development of Bombyx mori. Lately, dynamin is recognized as one of the key proteins in endocytosis. To explore the underlying mechanisms of Se impact, the dynamin gene was knocked down by injecting siRNAs (Dynamin‐1, Dynamin‐2, and Dynamin‐3). This was followed by an analysis of the target gene and levels of silk protein genes, as well as growth and developmental indices, Se‐enrichment capacity, degree of oxidative damage, and antioxidant capacity of B. mori. Our findings showed a considerable decrease in the relative expression of the dynamin gene in all tissues 24 h after the interference and a dramatic decrease in the silkworm body after 48 h. RNAi dynamin gene decreased the silkworm body weight, cocoon shell weight, and the ratio of cocoon. In the meantime, malondialdehyde level increased and glutathione level and superoxide dismutase/catalase activities decreased. 50 μM Se markedly ameliorated these growth and physiological deficits as well as decreases in dynamin gene expression. On the other hand, there were no significant effects on fertility (including produced eggs and laid eggs) between the interference and Se treatments. Additionally, the Se content in the B. mori increased after the dynamin gene interference. The dynamin gene was highly expressed in the silk gland and declined significantly after interference. Among the three siRNAs (Dynamin‐1, Dynamin‐2, and Dynamin‐3), the dynamin‐2 displayed the highest interference effects to target gene expression. Our results demonstrated that 50 μM Se was effective to prevent any adverse effects caused by dynamin knockdown in silkworms. This provides practical implications for B. mori breeding industry.
Profiles of nonverbal skills used by young pre‐verbal children with autism on the ADOS‐2: Relation to screening disposition and outcomes
Authors: Hamrick Lisa R. , Ros‐Demarize Rosmary , Kanne Stephen , Carpenter Laura Arnstein 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAutistic individuals exhibit differences in their use and understanding of nonverbal communication; however, individual patterns of nonverbal strengths and challenges vary significantly. This heterogeneity can complicate the diagnostic and screening processes and can result in delayed or missed diagnoses. In this study, we characterize various profiles of nonverbal communication skills among 215 pre‐verbal children with autism (Mage = 36.27 months, range = 18–70) and explore how these profiles are related to screening outcomes, diagnostic certainty, and developmental and behavioral features. We conducted a latent class analysis of nine items assessing nonverbal communication skills from the Toddler Module and Module 1 of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd Edition. Five nonverbal profiles were identified that differentiated children based on the form, function, and frequency of their nonverbal communication skills. Furthermore, screening outcomes and clinician certainty in autism diagnosis varied by nonverbal profile. False negative screening outcomes based on parent report were highest for children who used a range of nonverbal skills but with limited frequency or consistency. Clinicians, on the other hand, tended to have high certainty in an autism diagnosis for children with this profile, and instead rated their lowest certainty in diagnosing children who demonstrated consistent integration of eye contact with their nonverbal communication. The profiles identified in this study could be clinically useful in helping to identify children at highest likelihood of being overlooked during the screening or diagnostic processes, providing an opportunity to improve early identification and intervention for autism.