bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘VON UNS AUS BETRACHTET – EBEN VERRÜCKT!’: LOUISE VON COBURG, PROFLIGACY, AND FELIX SALTEN'S CAMPAIGN FOR A CIVIL CONSENSUS
Authors: Krobb Florian 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTRoyal scandals intrigued Austrian (and indeed European) society right through the nineteenth and into the twentieth century. In the light of Karl Kraus's commentary and Felix Salten's literary treatment, the case of Princess Louise of Belgium, who left her husband Philipp von Coburg and was institutionalised for six years in 1898 because her adultery and her uncontrolled spending were diagnosed as symptoms of insanity, can be read as an irritant and a challenge to civil society's principles of equality, inclusiveness, and due process. Issues that come to the fore here include the status of sexual morality and financial probity as core civic virtues (as a foray into legal debates on profligacy demonstrates), as well as the duties or failures of agents of civil society such as the legal and medical professions and journalism, to uphold its principles.Skandale um Mitglieder von Herrscherhäusern hielten die österreichische (und gesamteuropäische) Öffentlichkeit während des gesamten neunzehnten und frühen zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts in Atem. Im Lichte von Karl Kraus’ Satiren und Felix Saltens literarischen Behandlungen gelesen, enthüllt sich der Fall der Prinzessin Louise von Belgien, die ihren Ehemann Philipp von Coburg verließ und 1898 auf Grund von Ehebruchs‐ und Verschwendungsvorwürfen für sechs Jahre in eine Irrenanstalt eingeliefert wurde, als Herausforderung für die Gleichheits‐ und Toleranzideale der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft. Auf dem Prüfstand stehen nicht nur Sexualmoral und finanzielle Redlichkeit, sondern auch die Rolle von Medizin, Justiz und Journalismus als Repräsentanten bürgerlicher Prinzipien.
The Creative Economies of Texas Metropolitan Regions: A Comparative Analysis Before, During, and After the Recession
Authors: Seman Michael , Carroll Michael C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWith the exception of Austin, metropolitan regions in Texas are not commonly included in research and analysis concerning creative economies—attention is largely focused on either the traditional capitals of creative production, New York and Los Angeles, or emerging, secondary regions such as Austin and Seattle, Washington. This article utilizes an industrial approach to examine the creative economies of the four most populous metropolitan regions of Texas—Austin, Dallas‐Ft. Worth, Houston, and San Antonio—and detail their scale, scope, and change between 2005 and 2015. Results help establish the creative economies of the Dallas‐Ft. Worth, Houston, and San Antonio metropolitan regions in the existing stream of creative research and discussion, offer further perspective on the dynamics and strength of the Austin region's creative economy, and provide insight into how regional creative economies emerge in rapidly urbanizing regions during the digital era. Additionally, special attention is paid to how these four creative economies transformed during the recessionary period from 2007 to 2009. Results of that attention build on prior research which points to the recession having a varied influence on creative economies depending on trends in the broader regional economies that house them.
Heterogeneity of nitrification potentials within a paddock of a sheep farming system
Authors: Mogi Hirosato , Anzai Miyuki , Uchida Yoshitaka 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNitrification and denitrification are important processes of the nitrogen (N) cycle in soils because of their relations to N availability for plants and to environmental risks. However, paddock scale heterogeneity of these processes is not well understood in pasture ecosystems. Thus, we focused on the variability of nitrification and denitrification potentials within one pasture paddock. Twelve soil samples were taken from various places within a 2.3 ha paddock in September and were analyzed for nitrification and denitrification potentials, inorganic‐N, total carbon (C) and N, C/N ratio, soil pH and moisture contents. The variability of the denitrification potentials was smaller than that of the nitrification potentials. We found that inorganic‐N, total C and N, and soil pH were positively correlated to the nitrification potential. We also identified a “hot‐area” with 3.3‐fold higher nitrification potentials than other areas. A better understanding of this paddock scale nitrification variability may help to decrease environmental risks, such as nitrate leaching and/or nitrous oxide emissions, and to improve N use efficiencies.
Risks of unregulated use of alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone analogues: a review
Authors: Habbema Louis , Halk Anne Berthe , Neumann Martino , Bergman Wilma 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecently, the unregulated use of untested synthetic alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) analogues, commonly known as melanotan I and II, appears to have increased. These analogues are primarily used for their tan‐stimulating effects. Dermatologists see many patients in their clinic who tan. This review provides an overview of the risks of the unregulated use of these substances. Other topics discussed here include the history and safety of afamelanotide, which is the only α‐MSH analogue that is approved for use in a limited number of medical indications. Although afamelanotide has been thoroughly tested and deemed safe, illegal melanotans are likely risky for several reasons. There are questions regarding the preparation, administration, and dosage of these substances. In addition to these general risks, increasing numbers of case reports indicate that the unregulated use of both melanotan I and II is associated with cutaneous complications, particularly melanocytic changes in existing moles and newly emerging (dysplastic) nevi. Four case reports have described melanomas emerging from existing moles either during or shortly after the use of melanotan. Although conclusive evidence linking these phenomena is lacking, publications have stressed the importance of awareness that melanotan is a part of a ‘tanning culture’ in certain subpopulations. Multiple national health organizations have issued safety warnings regarding the use of melanotan I and II.
Structural features of iron‐phosphate glass
Authors: Reis Signo T. , Pontuschka Walter M. , Moguš‐Milanković Andrea , Partiti Carmen S. M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper reports a study and discusses the role of Fe ions in the inhibition of corrosion of iron phosphate glasses. The structure of the 40Fe2O3–60P2O5 (mol%) glass, having a confirmed dissolution rate in aqueous solution at 90°C superior to borosilicate glasses, was investigated. Samples were crystallized at characteristic temperatures defined by differential thermal analysis and analyzed by X‐ray diffraction. Crystalline phases of Fe2Fe[P2O7]2 and Fe4[P2O7]3 were detected. The hyperfine parameters from the Mössbauer spectrum indicate that both Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions are in octahedral coordination, and 18% of the Fe3+ ions in the starting batch are reduced to Fe2+ ions after melting. The broad and symmetric spectra centered in g≈2.0 from the EPR measurements indicate the presence of two or more Fe interacting ions occupying sites of relatively high local symmetry.
Water‐based freeze casting: Adjusting hydrophobic polymethylsiloxane for obtaining hierarchically ordered porous SiOC
Authors: Zhang Huixing , Fidelis Clara Lana , Serva Ana Luiza Teixeira , Wilhelm Michaela , Rezwan Kurosch 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe hydrophobic properties of methyl poly siloxane (MK) were pushed into the “hydrophilic” range by cross‐linking it with (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and subsequent pyrolysis to enable water‐based freeze casting. Filler properties are investigated by varying the ratios of MK to APTES (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5), and pyrolysis temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C) for the purpose of determining an optimal set of characteristics for freeze casting. Additionally, filler selection for this purpose is facilitated by analysis of zeta potential values and vapor adsorption. It was found that water‐based freeze casting with hybrid fillers, followed by a pyrolysis step (600°C‐700°C), leads to a SiOC ceramic monolith with a lamellar pore morphology and a hierarchically ordered micro/meso/macropore structure. Samples pyrolyzed at 1000°C contain mesopores, having a SSA as high as 51.6 m2/g. The hierarchically porous structure is very promising for applications involving gas or liquid transportation.
Reducing workplace bias toward people with disabilities with the use of imagined contact
Authors: Carvalho‐Freitas Maria Nivalda de , Stathi Sofia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this research we test the effectiveness of imagined intergroup contact as an intervention that improves attitudes toward people with disabilities in organizational settings. We conducted two experimental studies with the aim of examining the bias‐reduction effects of imagined contact on attitudes toward people with disabilities. Furthermore, we examined how imagined contact can be most effective in improving attitudes in work situations. Both studies yielded evidence that the imagined contact intervention significantly impacted on two dependent variables: expected work‐related outcomes and support for the rights of people with disabilities, via enhancing the belief in performance level. We discuss the results in the context of developing effective and accessible intervention tools, which can be used in workplace trainings, and can promote anti‐discriminatory policies in organizations.
Feasibility of catheter ablation renal denervation in “mild” resistant hypertension
Authors: Chen Shaojie , Kiuchi Marcio Galindo , Acou Willem‐Jan , Derndorfer Michael , Wang Jiazhi , Li Ruotian , Kollias Georgios , Martinek Martin , Kiuchi Tetsuaki , Pürerfellner Helmut , Liu Shaowen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRenal denervation (RDN) has been proposed as a novel interventional antihypertensive technique. However, existing evidence was mainly from patients with severe resistant hypertension. The authors aimed to evaluate the efficacy of RDN in patients with resistant hypertension with mildly elevated blood pressure (BP). Studies of RDN in patients with mild resistant hypertension (systolic office BP 140–160 mm Hg despite treatment with three antihypertensive drugs including one diuretic, or mean systolic BP by 24‐hour ambulatory BP measurement [ABPM] 135–150 mm Hg) were included. Two observational and one randomized cohort were identified (109 patients in the RDN group and 36 patients in the control group). Overall, the mean age of patients was 62±10 years, and 69.7% were male. Before‐after comparison showed that RDN significantly reduced ABPM as compared with the baseline systolic ABPM, from 146.3±13 mm Hg at baseline to 134.6±14.7 mm Hg at 6‐month follow‐up and diastolic ABPM from 80.8±9.4 mm Hg at baseline to 75.5±9.8 mm Hg at 6‐month follow up (both P<.001). This significant effect was not observed in the control group. Between‐group comparison showed a greater change in ABPM in the RDN group as compared with that in the control group (change in systolic ABPM: −11.7±9.9 mm Hg in RDN vs −3.5±9.6 mm Hg in controls [P<.001]; change in diastolic ABPM: −5.3±6.3 mm Hg in RDN vs −2.1±5.5 mm Hg in control [P=.007]). RDN was also associated with a significantly decreased office systolic/diastolic BP and reduced number of antihypertensive medications. No severe adverse events were found during follow‐up. RDN seems feasible to treat patients with mild resistant hypertension.
Influence of high risk of obstructive sleep apnea on adherence to antihypertensive treatment in outpatients
Authors: Righi Camila G. , Martinez Denis , Gonçalves Sandro C. , Gus Miguel , Moreira Leila B. , Fuchs Sandra C. , Fuchs Flavio D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common cause of high blood pressure (BP). Many patients, however, have uncontrolled BP because of nonadherence to antihypertensive medication. The possibility that OSA influences adherence has not been investigated to date. The authors sought to explore the possible association between high risk of OSA and nonadherence. This study was carried out in a hypertension outpatient clinic. Adherence to medication, high risk of OSA, and sleepiness were evaluated in a cross‐sectional study. These variables were identified using the eight‐item Morisky, STOP‐Bang, and Epworth scales, respectively. A total of 416 patients with hypertension were enrolled (32% male, aged 65±11 years). Nonadherence was identified in 71 (17%) individuals. The prevalence of high risk of OSA was 323 (78%) and of somnolence was 136 (33%). High risk of OSA was associated with nonadherence, showing a prevalence ratio (PR) of 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–5.6) and retained significance after adjustment for sleepiness (PR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1–4.9 [P=.011]). Sleepiness was also associated with nonadherence (PR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.6 [P=.003]). High risk of OSA and sleepiness are associated with nonadherence. These conditions, if treated, may allow for achieving better outcomes and improvement of adherence to medication.
Ablation of endothelial prolyl hydroxylase domain protein‐2 promotes renal vascular remodelling and fibrosis in mice
Authors: Wang Shuo , Zeng Heng , Chen Sean T. , Zhou Liying , Xie Xue‐Jiao , He Xiaochen , Tao Yong‐Kang , Tuo Qin‐hui , Deng Changqin , Liao Duan‐fang , Chen Jian‐Xiong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAccumulating evidence demonstrates that hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF‐α) hydroxylase system has a critical role in vascular remodelling. Using an endothelial‐specific prolyl hydroxylase domain protein‐2 (PHD2) knockout (PHD2ECKO) mouse model, this study investigates the regulatory role of endothelial HIF‐α hydroxylase system in the development of renal fibrosis. Knockout of PHD2 in EC up‐regulated the expression of HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α, resulting in a significant decline of renal function as evidenced by elevated levels of serum creatinine. Deletion of PHD2 increased the expression of Notch3 and transforming growth factor (TGF‐β1) in EC, thus further causing glomerular arteriolar remodelling with an increased pericyte and pericyte coverage. This was accompanied by a significant elevation of renal resistive index (RI). Moreover, knockout of PHD2 in EC up‐regulated the expression of fibroblast‐specific protein‐1 (FSP‐1) and increased interstitial fibrosis in the kidney. These alterations were strongly associated with up‐regulation of Notch3 and TGF‐β1. We concluded that the expression of PHD2 in endothelial cells plays a critical role in renal fibrosis and vascular remodelling in adult mice. Furthermore, these changes were strongly associated with up‐regulation of Notch3/TGF‐β1 signalling and excessive pericyte coverage.
MiR‐9 is involved in TGF‐β1‐induced lung cancer cell invasion and adhesion by targeting SOX7
Authors: Han Lichun , Wang Wei , Ding Wei , Zhang Lijian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMicroRNA (miR)‐9 plays different roles in different cancer types. Here, we investigated the role of miR‐9 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell invasion and adhesion in vitro and explored whether miR‐9 was involved in transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1)‐induced NSCLC cell invasion and adhesion by targeting SOX7. The expression of miR‐9 and SOX7 in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines was examined by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function experiments were performed on A549 and HCC827 cells to investigate the effect of miR‐9 and SOX7 on NSCLC cell invasion and adhesion in the presence or absence of TGF‐β1. Transwell–Matrigel assay and cell adhesion assay were used to examine cell invasion and adhesion abilities. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine whether SOX7 was a direct target of miR‐9. We found miR‐9 was up‐regulated and SOX7 was down‐regulated in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, SOX7 expression was negatively correlated with miR‐9 expression. miR‐9 knockdown or SOX7 overexpression could suppress TGF‐β1‐induced NSCLC cell invasion and adhesion. miR‐9 directly targets the 3′ untranslated region of SOX7, and SOX7 protein expression was down‐regulated by miR‐9. TGF‐β1 induced miR‐9 expression in NSCLC cells. miR‐9 up‐regulation led to enhanced NSCLC cell invasion and adhesion; however, these effects could be attenuated by SOX7 overexpression. We concluded that miR‐9 expression was negatively correlated with SOX7 expression in human NSCLC. miR‐9 was up‐regulated by TGF‐β1 and contributed to TGF‐β1‐induced NSCLC cell invasion and adhesion by directly targeting SOX7.
TNF‐α promotes survival and migration of MSCs under oxidative stress via NF‐κB pathway to attenuate intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts
Authors: Bai Xiao , Xi Jie , Bi Yanwen , Zhao Xin , Bing Weidong , Meng Xiangbin , Liu Yimin , Zhu Zhonglai , Song Guangmin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe oxidative stress caused by endothelial injury is involved in intimal hyperplasia (IH) in vein grafts. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can home to injured intima and promote endothelial repair. However, MSC apoptosis is increased accompanied by decreased functional activity under oxidative stress. Thus, we investigate whether tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) can promote the survival and activity of MSCs under oxidative stress to reduce IH more effectively, and establish what role the NF‐κB pathway plays in this. In this study, we preconditioned MSCs with TNF‐α (TNF‐α‐PCMSCs) for 24 hrs and measured the activation of the IKK/NF‐κB pathway. EdU and transwell assays were performed to assess proliferation and migration of TNF‐α‐PCMSCs. Apoptosis and migration of TNF‐α‐PCMSCs were evaluated in conditions of oxidative stress by analysis of the expression of Bcl‐2 and CXCR4 proteins. TNF‐α‐PCMSCs were transplanted into a vein graft model, so that cell homing could be tracked, and endothelial apoptosis and IH of vein grafts were measured. The results demonstrated that TNF‐α promotes proliferation and migration of MSCs. Furthermore, survival and migration of TNF‐α‐PCMSCs under oxidative stress were both enhanced. A greater number of MSCs migrated to the intima of vein grafts after preconditioning with TNF‐α, and the formation of neointima was significantly reduced. These effects could be partially abolished by IKK XII (NF‐κB inhibitor). All these results indicate that preconditioning with TNF‐α can promote survival and migration of MSCs under oxidative stress via the NF‐κB pathway and thus attenuate IH of vein grafts.
Role of microbial communities in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and caries
Authors: Mira Alex , Simon‐Soro A. , Curtis M. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe microbiological characteristics of both caries and periodontal disease show significant change from those in health. In both instances, there is evidence of co‐association of different organisms into consortia.AimWe review and summarize a number of issues pertinent to the community organization and functional activity of the bacterial populations resident on supra‐ and subgingival tooth surface and the influence of these populations on disease.MethodsA literature review was undertaken with a particular emphasis on recent publications involving high‐throughput, deep sequencing approaches to the analysis of microbial populations and their functional activity.ResultsThere is increasing evidence to suggest that both caries and periodontal disease represent dysbiotic states of the oral microbiome. The mode of acquisition of the oral microbial communities may be less passive than previously recognized but once established remains relatively stable within an individual although there are very significant site variations. A repertoire of stable dysbiotic states may occur in both caries and periodontitis involving different microbial community structures with potentially similar functional properties.ConclusionsThe processes which underlie the development and stability of microbial populations in the healthy mouth are fundamental to understanding how these populations are transformed into a dysbiotic state in disease.
Socio‐behavioural aspects in the prevention and control of dental caries and periodontal diseases at an individual and population level
Authors: Sälzer Sonja , Alkilzy Mohammad , Slot Dagmar E. , Dörfer Christof E. , Schmoeckel Julian , Splieth Christian H. ,   Chairs of Working Group 3,   ORCA
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimAim was to systematically review behavioural aspects in the prevention and control of dental caries and periodontal diseases at individual and population level.Material & MethodsWith regard to caries, MEDLINE/PubMed was searched on three subheadings focusing on early childhood, proximal and root caries. For periodontal diseases, a meta‐review on systematic reviews was performed; thus, the search strategy included specific interventions to change behaviour in order to perform a meta‐review on systematic reviews. After extraction of data and conclusions, the potential risk of bias was estimated and the emerging evidence was graded.ResultsRegarding early childhood, proximal and root caries, 28, 6 and 0 papers, respectively, could be included, which predominantly reported on cohort studies. Regarding periodontal diseases, five systematic reviews were included. High evidence of mostly high magnitude was retrieved for behavioural interventions in early childhood caries (ECC), weak evidence for a small effect in proximal caries and an unclear effect of specific informational/motivational programmes on prevention of periodontal diseases and no evidence of root caries.ConclusionEarly childhood caries can be successfully prevented by population‐based preventive programmes via aiming at the change in behaviour. The effect of individual specific motivational/informational interventions has not yet been clearly demonstrated neither for the prevention of caries nor for periodontal diseases.
Gingival recession and root caries in the ageing population: a critical evaluation of treatments
Authors: Heasman Peter A. , Ritchie Mark , Asuni Abisola , Gavillet Erika , Simonsen Janne L. , Nyvad Bente 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo review evidence for the treatments of gingival recession and root caries in older populations.Materials & MethodsA systematic approach was adopted to identify reviews and articles to allow us to evaluate the treatments for gingival recession and root caries. Searches were performed in PubMed, Medline and Embase, the Cochrane trials register and bibliographies of European and World Workshops.ObservationsGingival recession: We identified no articles that focussed specifically on older populations. Conversely, no evidence suggested that Miller class I and II lesions should be managed differently in older patients when compared to younger cohorts. Six systematic reviews included older patients and suggested that connective tissue grafts are the treatment of choice, alone or in combination with enamel matrix derivative.Root caries can be controlled at the population level by daily brushing with fluoride‐containing toothpastes, whilst active decay may be inactivated using professional application of fluoride varnishes/solutions or self‐applied high‐fluoride toothpaste. Active root caries lesions that cannot be cleaned properly by the patient may be restored by minimally invasive techniques.ConclusionsGingival recession and root caries will become more prevalent as patients retain their teeth for longer. Whilst surgical (gingival recession) and non‐operative approaches (root caries) currently appear to be favoured, more evidence is needed to identify the most appropriate strategies for older people.