bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional (3D)‐ computed tomography bronchography and angiography combined with 3D‐video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) versus conventional 2D‐VATS anatomic pulmonary segmentectomy for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: She Xiao‐wei , Gu Yun‐bin , Xu Chun , Li Chang , Ding Cheng , Chen Jun , Zhao Jun 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundCompared to the pulmonary lobe, the anatomical structure of the pulmonary segment is relatively complex and prone to variation, thus the risk and difficulty of segmentectomy is increased. We compared three‐dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D‐CTBA) combined with 3D video‐assisted thoracic surgery (3D‐VATS) to perform segmentectomy to conventional two‐dimensional (2D)‐VATS for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of randomly selected patients who underwent 3D‐CTBA combined with 3D‐VATS (3D‐CTBA‐VATS) or 2D‐VATS at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Hospital, from January 2014 to May 2017.ResultsThe operative duration of 3D group was significantly shorter than the 2D group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of dissected lymph nodes between the two groups (P > 0.05). The extent of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative drainage in the 3D group was significantly lower than in the 2D group (P < 0.05). Chest tube duration in the 3D group was shorter than in the 2D group (P < 0.05). Incidences of pulmonary infection, atelectasis, and arrhythmia were not statistically different between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, hemoptysis and pulmonary air leakage (>3d) occurred significantly less frequently in the 3D than in the 2D group (P < 0.05).Conclusion3D‐CTBA‐VATS is a more accurate and smooth technique and leads to reduced intraoperative and postoperative complications.
UNC‐120/SRF independently controls muscle aging and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Mergoud dit Lamarche Adeline , Molin Laurent , Pierson Laura , Mariol Marie‐Christine , Bessereau Jean‐Louis , Gieseler Kathrin , Solari Florence 
Published: January 2018

SummaryAging is commonly defined as the loss of global homeostasis, which results from progressive alteration of all organs function. This model is currently challenged by recent data showing that interventions that extend lifespan do not always increase the overall fitness of the organism. These data suggest the existence of tissue‐specific factors that regulate the pace of aging in a cell‐autonomous manner. Here, we investigated aging of Caenorhabditis elegans striated muscles at the subcellular and the physiological level. Our data show that muscle aging is characterized by a dramatic decrease in the expression of genes encoding proteins required for muscle contraction, followed by a change in mitochondria morphology, and an increase in autophagosome number. Myofilaments, however, remain unaffected during aging. We demonstrated that the conserved transcription factor UNC‐120/SRF regulates muscle aging biomarkers. Interestingly, the role of UNC‐120/SRF in the control of muscle aging can be dissociated from its broader effect on lifespan. In daf‐2/insulin/IGF1 receptor mutants, which exhibit a delayed appearance of muscle aging biomarkers and are long‐lived, disruption of unc‐120 accelerates muscle aging but does not suppress the lifespan phenotype of daf‐2 mutant. Conversely, unc‐120 overexpression delays muscle aging but does not increase lifespan. Overall, we demonstrate that UNC‐120/SRF controls the pace of muscle aging in a cell‐autonomous manner downstream of the insulin/IGF1 receptor.
Lichen planopilaris: A retrospective study of 32 cases in an Australian tertiary referral hair clinic
Authors: Kerkemeyer Karolina LS , Green Jack 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesLichen planopilaris is a primary lymphocytic cicatricial alopecia. Management of patients with lichen planopilaris is difficult due to a paucity of high‐quality data on its epidemiology and pathogenesis and the efficacy of therapies. The purpose of this study was to report the characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with lichen planopilaris in a tertiary referral centre.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records in patients with lichen planopilaris seen in the Hair Clinic at the Skin & Cancer Foundation Inc., Melbourne, from 2012 to 2016.ResultsAltogether 32 patients with lichen planopilaris (29 women) were included. The onset age ranged from 17 to 77 years with a mean age of 55.2 ± 13.5 years. Scalp pruritus (84%) and perifollicular erythema (72%) were the most common presenting symptoms and signs, respectively. Lichen planopilaris involved the frontal scalp in 66% of patients, the parietal in 56%, and vertex scalp in 50%. There were wide variations in treatment response.ConclusionLichen planopilaris is characterised by a marked female predominance and clinically with pruritus, perifollicular erythema and perifollicular scale. The current range of treatments used produced mixed and often unsatisfactory results. Multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled trials are warranted to provide clearer data on efficacious treatment options.
An observational feasibility study of a new anaesthesia drug storage tray
Authors: Almghairbi D. S. , Sharp L. , Griffiths R. , Evley R. , Gupta S. , Moppett I. K. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryDrug errors in the anaesthetic domain remain a serious cause of iatrogenic harm. To help reduce this issue, we explored the potential safety impact of using a simple colour‐coded tray for anaesthetic drug preparation and storage. Over a six‐month period, three different trained researchers observed 30 cases at three NHS Trusts. Ten observations involved standard drug trays in ‘normal’ practice, and 20 observations, involved ‘Rainbow trays’ before and after their introduction. We conducted 20 semi‐structured interviews immediately after completing the Rainbow tray observation with the anaesthetists involved. All discussions and detailed notes taken were transcribed, qualitatively analysed using line‐by‐line coding and then synthesised into narrative themes. We found that using standard, single compartment trays enabled quick, cheap, and portable drug preparation and storage, but was linked to potential or actual harmful errors, such as syringe swaps. Rainbow trays were perceived to be easy to use and effective at all three sites, aiding drug identification and separation, and hence likely to reduce drug error and increase patient safety. We have demonstrated that it is feasible to introduce a new colour‐coded compartmentalised Rainbow drugs tray into clinical practice at three NHS hospitals in England. Further research is needed into their effect on the prevalence of drug error.
Platelet responses to pharmacological and physiological interventions in middle‐aged men with different habitual physical activity levels
Authors: Lundberg Slingsby M. H. , Gliemann L. , Thrane M. , Rytter N. , Egelund J. , Chan M. V. , Armstrong P. C. , Warner T. D. , Hellsten Y. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe current guidelines following an acute coronary syndrome recommend dual‐antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (aspirin plus a P2Y12 antagonist) alongside lifestyle modifications, including more regular physical activity. It is currently unknown whether regular exercise affects the pharmacology of DAPT.AimTo explore how exercise‐induced improvements in vascular and platelet function affect the efficacy of DAPT, in a cross‐sectional study of men with different physical activity levels (training status).MethodsA total of 42 healthy, normal‐weight, middle‐aged men were divided into 3 groups: untrained, moderately trained and well‐trained. Their platelet reactivity (agonist‐induced % aggregation) was investigated in platelet‐rich plasma at rest and after inhibition with aspirin and ticagrelor and/or prostacyclin and nitric oxide added to the blood in vitro, and after physiological tests of vascular function; passive movement of the leg, flow‐mediated dilation and one‐leg knee‐extensor exercise. Vascular function of the femoral artery (changes in arterial blood flow) was assessed by ultrasound Doppler.ResultsPlatelets from the well‐trained subjects had lower basal reactivity, a higher sensitivity to the anti‐aggregatory effects of prostacyclin and were more potently inhibited by DAPT compared to the untrained subjects. The moderately trained and well‐trained subjects had a superior vascular function compared to untrained subjects, and their platelets were more inhibited by the passive movement, flow‐mediated dilation and one‐leg knee‐extensor exercise.DiscussionA habitually active lifestyle leads to an increased platelet sensitivity to pharmacological and physiological platelet inhibitors. We suggest that physical activity habits (training status) should be considered when personalizing and optimizing antithrombotic treatment strategies.
Interferon γ treatment increases endocannabinoid and related N‐acylethanolamine levels in T84 human colon carcinoma cells
Authors: Alhouayek Mireille , Rankin Linda , Gouveia‐Figueira Sandra , Fowler Christopher J 
Published: January 2018

Background and PurposeEndocannabinoids and related N‐acylethanolamines (NAEs) are involved in regulation of gut function, but relatively little is known as to whether inflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ affect their levels. We have investigated this in vitro using cultures of T84 colon cancer cells.Experimental ApproachT84 cells, when cultured in monolayers, differentiate to form adult colonic crypt‐like cells with excellent permeability barrier properties. The integrity of the permeability barrier in these monolayers was measured using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). NAE levels were determined by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Expression of the enzymes involved in NAE and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) turnover were assessed with qPCR.Key ResultsIFNγ treatment for 8 or 24 h increased levels of both endocannabinoids (anandamide and 2‐AG) and the related NAEs. The treatment did not affect the rate of hydrolysis of either anandamide or palmitoylethanolamide by intact cells, and in both cases, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) rather than NAE‐hydrolysing acid amidase (NAAA) was mainly responsible for the hydrolysis of these NAEs. IFNγ treatment reduced the TEER of the cells in a manner that was not prevented by inhibition of either FAAH or NAAA but was partially reversed by apical administration of the NAE palmitoylethanolamide.Conclusion and ImplicationsIFNγ treatment mobilized endocannabinoid and related NAE levels in T84 cells. However, blockade of anandamide or NAE hydrolysis was insufficient to negate the deleterious effects of this cytokine upon the permeability barrier of the cell monolayers.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc
Assessment of the Conservation Measures Partnership's effort to improve conservation outcomes through adaptive management
Authors: Redford Kent H. , Hulvey Kristin B. , Williamson Matthew A. , Schwartz Mark W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractConservation practice has demonstrated an increasing desire for accountability of actions, particularly with respect to effectiveness, efficiency, and impact to clearly identified objectives. This has been accompanied by increased attention to achieving adaptive management. In 2002, practitioners representing several prominent conservation nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) launched a community of practice called the Conservation Measures Partnership (CMP). The partnership CMP has worked to establish standards of conservation practice to improve accountability of conservation actions through adaptive management. The focal organizing framework for CMP has been the Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation (OS). We evaluated, through an online survey and personal interviews, the first decade of CMP and the OS. The CMP has garnered a positive reputation among agencies, NGOs, and funders and has succeeded in developing a large user base of the OS. However, CMP has not fully achieved its goal of making the OS standard operating procedure for the largest NGOs (e.g., The Nature Conservancy, World Wildlife Fund), despite it being widely used within these organizations. This lack of institutionalization is attributable to multiple causes, including an increase in the number of partially overlapping decision‐support frameworks and challenges achieving full‐cycle adaptive management. Users strongly believed the OS fosters better conservation practice and highly valued the OS for improving their practice. A primary objective of the OS is to assist practitioners to achieve full‐cycle adaptive management to better integrate learning into improving the effectiveness and efficiency of actions. However, most practitioners had not yet achieved cycle completion for their projects. To improve the effectiveness of CMP, OS, and conservation practice in general, we recommend collaborative efforts among the proponents of multiple decision‐support frameworks to foster strong institutional adoption of a common set of adaptive‐management standards for conservation accountability.
Large‐scale genetic panmixia in the blue shark (Prionace glauca): A single worldwide population, or a genetic lag‐time effect of the “grey zone” of differentiation?
Authors: Bailleul Diane , Mackenzie Alicia , Sacchi Olivier , Poisson François , Bierne Nicolas , Arnaud‐Haond Sophie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe blue shark Prionace glauca, among the most common and widely studied pelagic sharks, is a top predator, exhibiting the widest distribution range. However, little is known about its population structure and spatial dynamics. With an estimated removal of 10–20 million individuals per year by fisheries, the species is classified as “Near Threatened” by International Union for Conservation of Nature. We lack the knowledge to forecast the long‐term consequences of such a huge removal on this top predator itself and on its trophic network. The genetic analysis of more than 200 samples collected at broad scale (from Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans) using mtDNA and nine microsatellite markers allowed to detect signatures of genetic bottlenecks but a nearly complete genetic homogeneity across the entire studied range. This apparent panmixia could be explained by a genetic lag‐time effect illustrated by simulations of demographic changes that were not detectable through standard genetic analysis before a long transitional phase here introduced as the “population grey zone.” The results presented here can thus encompass distinct explanatory scenarios spanning from a single demographic population to several independent populations. This limitation prevents the genetic‐based delineation of stocks and thus the ability to anticipate the consequences of severe depletions at all scales. More information is required for the conservation of population(s) and management of stocks, which may be provided by large‐scale sampling not only of individuals worldwide, but also of loci genomewide.
Temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon decomposition increased with mean carbon residence time: Field incubation and data assimilation
Authors: Zhou Xuhui , Xu Xia , Zhou Guiyao , Luo Yiqi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTemperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition is one of the major uncertainties in predicting climate‐carbon (C) cycle feedback. Results from previous studies are highly contradictory with old soil C decomposition being more, similarly, or less sensitive to temperature than decomposition of young fractions. The contradictory results are partly from difficulties in distinguishing old from young SOC and their changes over time in the experiments with or without isotopic techniques. In this study, we have conducted a long‐term field incubation experiment with deep soil collars (0–70 cm in depth, 10 cm in diameter of PVC tubes) for excluding root C input to examine apparent temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition under ambient and warming treatments from 2002 to 2008. The data from the experiment were infused into a multi‐pool soil C model to estimate intrinsic temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition and C residence times of three SOC fractions (i.e., active, slow, and passive) using a data assimilation (DA) technique. As active SOC with the short C residence time was progressively depleted in the deep soil collars under both ambient and warming treatments, the residences times of the whole SOC became longer over time. Concomitantly, the estimated apparent and intrinsic temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition also became gradually higher over time as more than 50% of active SOC was depleted. Thus, the temperature sensitivity of soil C decomposition in deep soil collars was positively correlated with the mean C residence times. However, the regression slope of the temperature sensitivity against the residence time was lower under the warming treatment than under ambient temperature, indicating that other processes also regulated temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition. These results indicate that old SOC decomposition is more sensitive to temperature than young components, making the old C more vulnerable to future warmer climate.
Australian multicentre study of current real‐world prophylaxis practice in severe and moderate haemophilia A and B
Authors: Mason J. A. , Parikh S. , Tran H. , Rowell J. , McRae S. 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionWith the emergence of novel treatment products for haemophilia and an increasing focus on the benefits of pharmacokinetic driven individualized prophylaxis, robust national data with regard to current patterns of factor consumption and adherence are required.AimTo characterize current Australian practice with regard to use of prophylactic clotting factor infusions in patients with moderate or severe haemophilia A (HA) and haemophilia B (HB).MethodsThis was a retrospective, non‐interventional study utilizing Australian Bleeding Disorder Registry (ABDR) data collected over a 12 month period. Registered and consented patients with moderate or severe HA or HB without inhibitors were included.ResultsA total of 718 HA (551 severe, 167 moderate) and 166 HB (87 severe, 79 moderate) patients were included. Regular prophylaxis was prescribed in 453 patients (82%) with severe HA, 42 patients (25%) with moderate HA, 66 patients (75%) with severe HB and 11 patients (14%) with moderate HB. Near universal prophylaxis was achieved in the paediatric subgroup. The mean weekly dose of factor VIII in severe HA was 84 international units/kg/wk (IU/kg/wk) vs 71 IU/kg/wk of factor IX in severe HB. Most patients on prophylaxis were treated ≥3 times/wk (HA) or 2 times/wk (HB). Non‐adherence peaked in the 20‐29 year age group. Older individuals on regular prophylaxis used more factor than was expected for their prescribed regimen.ConclusionProphylaxis rates in severe haemophilia are comparable with other developed nations. The benefit of a national registry is demonstrable. Furthermore research into the underlying reasons for non‐compliance in young adults with haemophilia is required.
Low incidence of factor VIII inhibitors in previously untreated patients with severe haemophilia A treated with octanate®: Final report from a prospective study
Authors: Klukowska A. , Komrska V. , Vdovin V. , Pavlova A. , Jansen M. , Lowndes S. , Belyanskaya L. , Walter O. , Laguna P. 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionOctanate® is a human, plasma‐derived, von Willebrand factor‐stabilized coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate with demonstrated haemostatic efficacy in previously treated patients with haemophilia A.AimThis prospective, open‐label study aimed to assess the immunogenicity of octanate® in previously untreated patients (PUPs).MethodsThe study monitored development of FVIII inhibitors in 51 PUPs. Tolerability, viral safety, FVIII recovery and efficacy of octanate® for the prevention and treatment of bleeds and in surgical procedures were also assessed.ResultsFive (9.8%) of the 51 patients developed inhibitors during the study, 4 of which (7.8%) were high titre. Three inhibitor cases (5.9%) were considered clinically relevant; 2 were transient inhibitors that disappeared during regular octanate® treatment without a change in dose or treatment frequency. Amongst 45 patients with FVIII:C <1% at baseline and who received ≥20 exposure days (EDs) or had <20 EDs but developed an inhibitor, inhibitor incidence was 11.1% (6.7% clinically relevant). All clinically relevant inhibitors developed within 20 EDs of on‐demand treatment. No inhibitors developed in PUPs receiving prophylaxis. All patients who developed inhibitors had either intron 22 inversions or large deletions. Irrespective of the reason for administration, haemostatic efficacy was rated as “excellent” in 99.6% of all infusions (4700 of 4717 infusions), and no complications were reported in 23 surgical procedures. Mean incremental in vivo recovery was 2.0%/IU/kg (±0.7) and 1.9%/IU/kg (±0.5) for the first and second assessments, respectively. Tolerability was rated “very good” in 99.9% of infusions.ConclusionIn PUPs with severe haemophilia A, octanate® demonstrated haemostatic efficacy with a low rate of inhibitor development.
Petrotectonic setting of the provenance of Lower Siwalik sandstones of the Himalayan foreland basin, southeastern Kumaun Himalaya, India
Authors: Goswami Pradeep K. , Deopa Tanuja 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDetailed petrography and modal analysis of 35 sandstone thin sections was carried out to determine petrotectonic setting of the provenance of the Lower Siwalik molasse of southeastern Kumaun Himalaya. The sandstones are fine‐ to coarse‐grained (0.14–0.63 mm), poorly‐ to moderately‐sorted and comprise lithic arenites, sublithic arenites and lithic greywackes. The sandstones invariably belong to the quartzolithic QtFL (Qt, total quartz; F, feldspar; L, lithic grains) and QmFLt (Qm, monocrystalline quartz; Lt, lithic grains plus polycrystalline quartz) petrofacies, and indicate their derivation from a quartzose‐ and transitional‐recycled orogen provenance under sub‐humid climatic conditions. The framework composition of the sandstones comprises abundant monocrystalline and polycrystalline quartz and low‐ to high‐grade metamorphic rock fragments, along with subordinate feldspar, characterized by low ratios of plagioclase to total feldspar, and accessory minerals. The framework composition and petrofacies characters of these texturally submature sandstones suggest their derivation mainly from the nearby located Great Himalaya terrane and subordinately from the Tethys and Lesser Himalayan terranes. A comparison of the data presented here with the previous similar data from Lower Siwalik of northwestern Pakistan, northwestern India, south‐central Kumaun, western Nepal and southeastern Nepal reveals that like the Lower Siwalik rivers in other sections, the Lower Siwalik rivers of the southeastern Kumaun too drained large parts of the Great Himalayan terrane and some parts of the Tethys and Lesser Himalayan terranes.