bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Cranial Radiotherapy on Outcome in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated With Contemporary Therapy
Authors: Vora Ajay , Andreano Anita , Pui Ching-Hon , Hunger Stephen P. , Schrappe Martin , Moericke Anja , Biondi Andrea , Escherich Gabriele , Silverman Lewis B. , Goulden Nicholas , Taskinen Mervi , Pieters Rob , Horibe Keizo , Devidas Meenakshi , Locatelli Franco , Valsecchi Maria Grazia 
Published: January 2016

Purpose We sought to determine whether cranial radiotherapy (CRT) is necessary to prevent relapse in any subgroup of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Patients and Methods We obtained aggregate data on relapse and survival outcomes for 16,623 patients age 1 to 18 years old with newly diagnosed ALL treated between 1996 and 2007 by 10 cooperative study groups from around the world. The proportion of patients eligible for prophylactic CRT varied from 0% to 33% by trial and was not related to the proportion eligible for allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in first complete remission. Using a random effects model, with CRT as a dichotomous covariate, we performed a single-arm meta-analysis to compare event-free survival and cumulative incidence of isolated or any CNS relapse and isolated bone marrow relapse in high-risk subgroups of patients who either did or did not receive CRT. Results Although there was significant heterogeneity in all outcome end points according to trial, CRT was associated with a reduced risk of relapse only in the small subgroup of patients with overt CNS disease at diagnosis, who had a significantly lower risk of isolated CNS relapse (4% with CRT v 17% without CRT; P = .02) and a trend toward lower risk of any CNS relapse (7% with CRT v 17% without CRT; P = .09). However, this group had a relatively high rate of events regardless of whether or not they received CRT (32% [95% CI, 26% to 39%] v 34% [95% CI, 19% to 54%]; P = .8). Conclusion CRT does not have an impact on the risk of relapse in children with ALL treated on contemporary protocols.
Informed or Misinformed Consent? Abortion Policy in the United States
Authors: Daniels Cynthia R. , Ferguson Janna , Howard Grace , Roberti Amanda 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Since 2010, the United States has witnessed a dramatic expansion of state-based restrictions on abortion. The most common of these are informed consent statutes, which require that a woman seeking an abortion receive a state-authored informational packet before the abortion procedure can be performed. These laws, in addition to requiring the provision of information about alternatives to and risks of abortion, all also require details of embryological and fetal development. This article presents the findings of a comprehensive study of state-authored informed consent materials regarding embryological and fetal development. To conduct this study, we recruited a panel of experts in human anatomy to assess the accuracy of these materials in the context of the constitutional standard established in Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania et al. v. Robert P. Casey et al. (505 U.S. 833 (1992)): that such information must be “truthful” and “nonmisleading.” We find that nearly one-third of the informed consent information is medically inaccurate, that inaccurate information is concentrated primarily in the earlier weeks of pregnancy and is clustered around particular body systems. We discuss the implications of our findings for the question of the constitutionality of informed consent laws as they have been implemented in practice.
Increasing the public health potential of basic research and the scientist satisfaction. An international survey of bioscientists
Authors: Scita Giorgio , Sorrentino Carmen , Boggio Andrea , Hemenway David , Ballabeni Andrea 
Published: January 2016

Basic scientific research generates knowledge that has intrinsic value which is independent of future applications. Basic research may also lead to practical benefits, such as a new drug or diagnostic method. Building on our previous study of basic biomedical and biological researchers at Harvard, we present findings from a new survey of similar scientists from three countries. This survey asked about the scientists’ motivations, goals and perspectives along with their attitudes concerning policies designed to increase both the practical (i.e. public health) benefits of basic research as well as their own personal satisfaction. Close to 900 basic investigators responded to the survey; results corroborate the main findings from the previous survey of Harvard scientists. In addition, we find that most bioscientists disfavor present policies that require a discussion of the public health potential of their proposals in grants but generally favor softer policies aimed at increasing the quality of work and the potential practical benefits of basic research. In particular, bioscientists are generally supportive of those policies entailing the organization of more meetings between scientists and the general public, the organization of more academic discussion about the role of scientists in the society, and the implementation of a “basic bibliography” for each new approved drug.
Coal Mine Methane Utilization in Gas Turbine Units for Electricity and Heat Production
Authors: Кулаков  , Kulakov D. , Щёголев  , Shchegolev N. , Тумашев  , Tumashev R. 
Published: January 2016

Coal mining is accompanied by the release of coal mine methane. Its emissions into the atmosphere within methane-air
mixture have a negative impact on the ecological situation. The modern approach involves the use of methane-air-mixture
for heat boilers or units to generate electricity. For the generation of heat and electrical energy the coal mine methane
could be used in cogeneration gas turbine plants with an altered sequence of processes. Thermo — and gas dynamics
studies were conducted in a wide range of parameters of gas turbine plants. For small power plants recommended are:
2.8 compression ratio, turbine inlet — 1173 K, gas cooler inlet temperature — 303 K, 0.8 regeneration ratio. In this case the
electrical efficiency of gas turbine plant is 25–26% and even 63–64% if produced heat is counted. Cogeneration gas turbine
plant with an altered sequence of process has smaller capital and operating costs compared to traditional gas turbine unit.
The use of methane-air mixture as fuel in such gas turbine units increases the profitability of coal mining and improves the
ecological situation in the region.
Dual Protection of Wood Surface Treated with Melamine-Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Mixed with Ammonium Polyphosphate against Both Fire and Decay
Authors: Ma Xing-xia , Kirker Grant T. , Jiang Ming-liang , Wu Yu-zhang 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Surface coatings of melamine-modified urea-formaldehyde resins (MUFs) containing ammonium polyphosphate (APP) have been shown to significantly improve the fire retardancy of wood by prolonging the ignition time and reducing the heat release rate, total heat released, and mass loss rate. Dual protection of wood against both decay and fire has been proposed for remedial situations and interior construction. In this study, the fire retardant MUF resin type 3 (MUF3)/APP mixture system showed strong activity against wood decay fungi via an activity inhibition test. Two species of wood were subjected to steeping with the fire retardants MUF3/APP. The treatments were evaluated for fire and decay resistance using cone calorimetry and fungal decay resistance tests. The results showed that MUF3/APP surface treatment can provide dual protection to wood against degradation by decay fungi and fire.
Structural analysis of traditional Kadın Zeybek dances in İzmir<p>İzmir ili geleneksel Kadın Zeybek oyunlarının yapısal analizi
Authors: Yamaner Okdan Hale 
Published: January 2016

<p>İzmir has a dance culture where <em>zeybek</em> dances are performed predominantly. When the <em>zeybek </em>dances performed by men are danced by women they are called “<em>kadın </em>(female) <em>zeybek</em>”. <em>Kadın zeybek</em> dances are more agile in terms of rhythm, and simpler and elegant in terms of movement when compared to male <em>zeybek </em>dances. In traditional life, women aren’t welcome to dance in the same environment with men. Thus, female dances are performed indoors where men aren’t allowed to participate or even see the woman dancing. The staging of folk dances since the 1930’s has caused this rule applied in traditional life to lose its validity in urban atmosphere. While female dances are carried to the stage over time, men and women started to dance together on stage. As a result of these dances developments traditional dances gained a new category called “mixed dances” meaning dances performed by both sexes. Today, traditional dances are classified under the titles “female dances”, “male dances” and “mixed-sex dances” according to the gender of the dancer. This article is on the structural analysis of the <em>zeybek</em> dances performed by women only.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>İzmir ili, zeybek türü oyunların ağırlıklı olarak oynandığı bir oyun kültürüne sahiptir. Erkekler tarafından oynanan zeybek oyunlarının kadınlar tarafından oynanan şekline kadın zeybeği denmektedir. Kadın zeybek oyunları erkek zeybek oyunlarına kıyasla ritmik yapı itibarıyla daha kıvrak, oynanış tavrı bakımından daha zarif oyunlardır. Geleneksel yaşamda kadının erkekle aynı ortamda oyun oynaması hoş karşılanmaz. Bu nedenle kadın oyun icraları erkeğin katılamadığı ve hatta oynayan kadını göremediği mekanlarda -kapalı alanlar- gerçekleşir. Halk oyunlarının 1930’lu yıllardan itibaren sahneye taşınması, geleneksel yaşamda uygulanan bu kuralın şehirlerde geçerliliğini yitirmesine neden olmuştur. Zamanla kadın oyunları sahneye taşındığı gibi, kadın ve erkek sahne üzerinde birlikte, yan yana dans etmeye başlamıştır. Bu gelişmeler sonucu geleneksel oyunlar <em>karma oyunlar</em> adı altında –kadın ve erkeğin beraber oynadığı oyunlar- yeni bir kategoriye kavuşmuştur. Günümüzde geleneksel oyunlar oyuncunun cinsiyetine göre kadın oyunları, erkek oyunları ve karma oyunlar şeklindeki üç başlıkta ele alınır. Bu yazı sadece kadınlar tarafından oynanan zeybek türünde oyunların yapısal analizini içerir. </p>
Assessment of adipokines, adenine nucleotides
and uric acid in the dynamics of coronary
intervention
Authors: Stygar D. , Skrzep-Poloczek B. , Slominska E. , Dolezych B. , Niedziela J. , Nowak J. , Wesolowski B. , Kukla M. , Krywult A. , Długaszek M. , Sawczyn T. , Poloczek J. , Zwirska-Korczala K. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Introduction: The association of vaspin
and visfatin, with a myocardial infarction is still
not fully understood. Reduced levels of adenine
nucleotides are hallmarks of chronic heart failure.
There is little data concerning the relationship
between these markers and their changes over time.
Material/Methods: The concentration of adenine
nucleotides, vaspin and visfatinwere assessed in 41
consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction one
before (day I) and four days after (day IV) percutaneous
coronary intervention (PCI) and a control group.
Results: Visfatin concentrations were higher before and
after PCI vs. control (visfatin I: median 25.55, 20.12 - 30.69
ng/ml; visfatin IV: median 20.79, 16.89 - 25.61 ng/ml vs.
control: median 14.94, 10.66 - 25.25 ng/ml; p < 0.0001).
Vaspin concentrations were lower before and after PCI vs.
control (vaspin I: median 0.18, 0.11 - 0.44 ng/ml; vaspin IV:
median 0.24, 0.15 - 0.58 ng/ml vs. control: median 1.303,
1.13 - 2.26 ng/ml, p < 0.00001). Concentrations of visfatin, day I, correlated well to vaspin concentrations (r2 = 0.201,
p = 0.011). ATP levels were significantly lower in patients
vs. controls (day I: p = 0.00012; day IV: p = 0.0001).
Conclusions: Changes in the analyzed visfatin and vaspin
concentrations can be used as potential MI markers.
Visfatin serum concentration may be considered a
potential marker to differentiate MI over time.
Comparison of evolutionary patterns of different
HBeAg status in HBV genotype B and C
Authors: Cai Ying , Wu Xiaomei , Shi Yunhui , Liu Wei 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the
different evolutionary patterns between HBeAg(+) and
HBeAg(-) status of genotype B and genotype C of Hepatitis
B virus (HBV). Complete HBV genome sequences were
obtained from GenBank, and were classified as HBeAg(+) of
genotype B, HBeAg(-) of genotype B, HBeAg(+) of genotype
C, and HBeAg(-) of genotype C. The results showed that
genotype B had lower diversity and a longer phylogenetic
tree than genotype C. This means that genotype B was
more conserved than genotype C. The genetic distance of
HBeAg(+) was shorter than that of HBeAg(-) in genotype B.
dN, dS, dN/dS of HBeAg(+) were lower than that of HBeAg(-).
In addition, the Core and S genes had lower diversity, and
were under lower selective pressure than other genes.
We propose that by having different HBeAg HBV receives
disparate immune selective pressures, however these
different genotypes also receive disparate natural selective
pressures. The evolutionary pattern of HBV could be one
of the important factors that may affect viral replication
in HBV infected patients and could therefore play an
important role in the diseases progression.
Ecosystem services for meeting sustainable development goals: Challenges and pathways
Authors: Huq Nazmul 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe paper summarizes four presentations of the session “Environment and Wellbeing: The Role of Ecosystems for Sustainable Development” at the international conference “Sustainability in the Water- Energy-Food Nexus” held on 19-20th May 2014 in Bonn, Germany. The aim of the session was to present current stresses on ecosystem services imposed by global development trajectory, potential impacts on future Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and pathways to achieve SDGs. All four presentations agreed that global ecosystem services are under increasing pressure from degradation and may not be able to meet the growing Water-Energy-Food (WEF) demands especially for the developing world. Three examples from Tanzania, Cambodia and Niger made attempt to understand how government policies attributed to natural resource depletion such as forestry and common grazing. The examples showed that institutional policies favoring economic development contributing heavily to clearing up natural resource bases. As a result, there were increasing conflicts among different resource user groups. Two other presentations introduce conceptual pathways to achieve the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) under current resource stressed regime. The pathways suggested global technologies, decentralized solutions and consumption changes as the major means of achieving global sustainability and poverty eradication without any major trade-offs.
Climate change and socio-ecological transformation in high mountains: an empirical study of Garhwal Himalaya
Authors: Sati Vishwambhar Prasad 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMountain regions are highly vulnerable to climate change, as they are ecologically fragile, tectonically and seismically active, and geologically sensitive. The main objectives of this study are to examine socio-ecological transformations and to illustrate the major driving forces - climate change, education and waves of modern civilization - in the Garhwal Himalaya. Data on socio-ecological systems and their patterns of change were accumulated from primary and secondary sources and through participatory rural appraisal. We present a case study where household level surveys were conducted in two villages. A total of 37 households were surveyed. Additionally, marginal farmers and extension workers were interviewed. Questions on population, migration, cropping pattern and livestock were answered by the head of the surveyed households. Population size was decreasing due to out-migration. The whole Garhwal region experienced 15.3% out-migration, while migration from the two villages was observed at 50% during the period 1990-2014. Similarly, changes in land use and cropping patterns and in the livestock population were observed. There was a decrease in the extent of land under cereals (24%) and fruits (79%), a decrease in fruit production (75%), and a decrease in the number of livestock (76%). Climate change was observed as a major driver of the decrease in production and productivity of cereals and fruits, leading to land abandonment. Education, on the other hand, was a major driver of out-migration. Further, extreme events through climate change happened more frequently and changed the landscape. This study reveals that an increase in infrastructural facilities to create jobs and sustainable land management can control out-migration and can enhance land capability.
Ecosystem services for meeting sustainable development goals: Challenges and pathways
Authors: Huq Nazmul 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe paper summarizes four presentations of the session “Environment and Wellbeing: The Role of Ecosystems for Sustainable Development” at the international conference “Sustainability in the Water- Energy-Food Nexus” held on 19-20th May 2014 in Bonn, Germany. The aim of the session was to present current stresses on ecosystem services imposed by global development trajectory, potential impacts on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and pathways to achieve SDGs. All four presentations agreed that global ecosystem services are under increasing pressure from degradation and may not be able to meet the growing Water-Energy- Food (WEF) demands especially for the developing world. Three examples from Tanzania, Cambodia and Niger made attempt to understand how governance policies attributed to natural resource depletion such as forestry and common grazing. The examples showed that governance policies favoring economic development are heavily contributing to clearing up natural resource bases. As a result, there were increasing conflicts among different resource user groups. Two other presentations introduce conceptual pathways to achieve the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) under current resource stressed regime. The pathways suggested global technologies, decentralized solutions and consumption changes as the major means of achieving global sustainability and poverty eradication without any major trade-offs.
Co-Optimizing Solutions for Water and Food – Scoping the Nexus Challenges in the Agro-Sector and finding Scalable Business Solutions
Authors: Gain Animesh K. , Kumar M. Dinesh , Cramwinckel Joppe , Oesterlé Julie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus approach has an opportunity to create sustainable business solutions, especially in the agricultural sector. This report provides a clear understanding of challenges for the most promising and scalable solutions to the interconnected water, energy and food/feed/fiber problems, allowing combined co-optimization. Searching solutions for nexus challenges, a model based assessment of WEF nexus at global scale and a theoretical perspective of integrating economic and ecological objectives are presented. This study explores the opportunities for the global community to develop robust partnerships and cross sector collaboration to foster water security and increase resource use efficiency, particularly in agriculture and food industry, as part of corporate environmental and financial performance goals.
Tools for tackling the water-energy-food nexus
Authors: Byers Edward A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractResearchers and practitioners have developed many tools to study the water-energy-food nexus at a variety of scales and perspectives in order to aid decision-making. However, there is a recognised lack of tools that consider these interdependent and complex interactions in an integrated fashion. Whether to connect and federate wellestablished modelling systems and approaches, which may be challenging, or to design truly integrated tools for holistic consideration of the nexus issues, is also debated. This paper discusses four distinctly different approaches which appear to have wide-scale applicability, although demonstration of these approaches in multiple cases (besides the Polestar model which is already regional/ global) is yet to be applied. Sustainable implementation of any tools will require greater accessibility such that they may be more widely deployed by practitioners. Harmonisation of results and insights between different scales, so that decision-makers may consider global-local impacts, also remains a challenge.
Determining Canadian water utility preparedness for the impacts of climate change
Authors: Brettle Meagan , Berry Peter , Paterson Jaclyn , Yasvinski Gordon 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGeneral warming and extreme weather events associated with climate change are expected to negatively impact water utilities. Water utilities will need to adapt to continue providing safe drinking water and wastewater services. In 2012, the Canadian Water and Wastewater Association (CWWA) conducted a survey of 53 water utility officials to understand the expert perceptions of climate change risks and preparedness of Canadian utilities for current and future impacts. Results indicated that there is low awareness among water utility officials (30%) of thepossible impacts of climate change on water utilities, and more than half have not conducted climate change vulnerability assessments (65%) and do not have operational plans to address climate change impacts (56%). Officials from smaller utilities, which are considered to be more vulnerable to impacts, were of those less aware of these risks and reported taking fewer preparedness activities. Efforts to prepare water utilities for climate change impacts in Canada would benefit from education of utility officials about possible climate change risks, encouraging assessments of vulnerabilities, and increased training with new adaptation tools and resources.
Equivariant principal bundles for G–actions
and G–connections
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Kannan S. Senthamarai , Nagaraj D. S. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Given a complex manifold M equipped with an action of a group G, and a holomorphic principal
H–bundle EH on M, we introduce the notion of a connection on EH along the action of G, which is called a
G–connection. We show some relationship between the condition that EH admits a G–equivariant structure
and the condition that EH admits a (flat) G–connection. The cases of bundles on homogeneous spaces and
smooth toric varieties are discussed.
An overview of interactive application composition approaches
Authors: Davidyuk Oleg , Milara Iván Sánchez , Gilman Ekaterina , Riekki Jukka 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Application composition is an approach to create
applications by using software components as building
blocks. Applications can be composed ofWeb Services
and resources associated with mobile devices, displays
and various augmented everyday objects. In this article,
we focus on ubiquitous applicationswhich aim at supporting
users’ needs and everyday activities. Application composition
is particularly suitable for these applications as
it proposes to compose ubiquitous applications by choosing
the appropriate set of services and resources and their
configuration as required by users, their needs and other
contexts. This article gives an overview and classifies interactive
application composition approaches. These approaches
provide the necessary user tools and various user
interfaces to enable users themselves to specify their needs
and achieve their goals with composed applications. The
approaches in this article are analyzed according to the
user support provided during the application life-cycle
and user involvement during the application composition
and execution phases. Furthermore,we look inside the design
of user interfaces for visual and non-visual user tools
and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. In addition
to giving an overview of this research field, our aim is
to provide means for describing, classifying and comparing
different composition approaches.