bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical predictors of chronic rhinosinusitis: Do the Canadian clinical practice guidelines for acute and chronic rhinosinusitis predict CT-confirmation of disease?
Authors: Moore Paige , Blakley Brian , Meen Eric 
Published: December 2017

Background The diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) based on clinical presentation alone remains challenging. To improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis, the Canadian Rhinosinusitis Guidelines recommend the use of specific symptom and endoscopic criteria. Our study objective was to determine whether symptom and endoscopic criteria, as defined by the Canadian Rhinosinusitis Guidelines, accurately predict CT-confirmed CRS diagnosis. Methods A retrospective cohort study of 126 patients who underwent CT sinuses based on clinical suspicion of possible CRS. The presence of symptom and endoscopic criteria, as defined by the Canadian Rhinosinusitis Guidelines, were compared between patients with and without a CT-confirmed CRS diagnosis using two-tailed Fisher's exact tests. Positive predictive values and likelihood ratios were determined for each symptom and endoscopic finding. Results Overall, 56.3% of patients had a CT-confirmed diagnosis of CRS. With the exception of nasal polyps, none of the symptom or endoscopic criteria had a statistically significant correlation with positive CT sinuses. For symptom criteria, positive predictive values ranged from 52.4% to 63.4%; likelihood ratios ranged from 0.85 to 1.34. For endoscopic criteria, positive predictive values and likelihood ratios were 71.4% and 1.94 (edema); 63.0% and 1.32 (discharge); and 92.9% and 10.1 (nasal polyps). 35.2% of patients with CT-confirmed CRS had normal endoscopic exams. Conclusion The Canadian Rhinosinusitis Guidelines’ symptom and endoscopic criteria for CRS, with the exception of nasal polyps on endoscopy, do not accurately predict CT-confirmed disease. In addition, a normal endoscopic exam does not rule out CRS.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Pediatric Cancer: Clinical and Radiologic Findings
Authors: Khan Saadiya Javed , Arshad Arjumand Ali , Fayyaz Mohammad Bilal , ud din Mirza Islah 
Published: December 2017

Purpose Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is associated with a range of medical conditions and medications. In this retrospective analysis, we present 19 pediatric patients with PRES who had undergone chemotherapy. Methods We identified four female and 15 male patients diagnosed with PRES on the basis of clinical and radiologic features. Patient charts were reviewed from January 2013 to June 2016 after authorization from the institutional review board. Results The average age of patients with PRES was 7 years. Primary diagnoses were non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 9), acute pre–B-cell leukemia (n = 5), relapsed pre–B-cell leukemia (n = 2), Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 2), and Ewing sarcoma (n = 1). PRES occurred during induction chemotherapy in 12 patients. Sixteen patients had hypertension when they developed PRES. Most of these patients (n = 13) were receiving corticosteroids on diagnosis of PRES. Common clinical features were hypertension, seizures, and altered mental status. With the exclusion of three patients, all others required antiepileptic therapy. Ten of these patients underwent additional magnetic resonance imaging. Ten patients are still alive. Conclusion In patients who presented to our center with signs and symptoms of hypertension, seizures, visual loss, or altered mental status, PRES was mostly seen in those who were undergoing systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy. Approximately 40% of the patients had reversal of clinical and radiologic findings. Antiepileptic medications were discontinued after being seizure free for approximately 6 months.
Parental History of Type 2 Diabetes Abrogates Ethnic Disparities in Key Glucoregulatory Indices
Authors: Nyenwe Ebenezer , Owei Ibiye , Wan Jim , Dagogo-Jack Sam 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Context
There are ethnic differences in glucoregulation and prevalence of type 2 diabetes, but studies on the role of genetics in modifying ethnic effects in normoglycemic African-Americans and Caucasians are limited. Therefore, we investigated glucoregulation in normoglycemic African-Americans and Caucasians with or without parental diabetes.

Design
Fifty subjects with parental diabetes (from the Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort Study) and 50 subjects without parental diabetes were matched in age, sex, ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI). Subjects underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), physical examination, anthropometry, biochemistries, indirect calorimetry and assessment of body composition, insulin sensitivity by euglycemic clamp (Si-clamp), and β-cell function by Disposition index.

Results
The mean age was 40.5 ± 11.6 years, BMI 28.7 ± 5.9 kg/m2, fasting plasma glucose 90.2 ± 5.9 mg/dL, and 2-hour postglucose 120.0 ± 26.8 mg/dL. Offspring with parental diabetes showed higher glycemic excursion during OGTT–area under the curve–glucose (16,005.6 ± 2324.7 vs 14,973.8 ± 1819.9, P &lt; 0.005), lower Si-clamp (0.132 ± 0.068 vs 0.162 ± 0.081 µmol/kg fat-free mass/min/pmol/L, P &lt; 0.05), and lower Disposition index (8.74 ± 5.72 vs 11.83 ± 7.49, P &lt; 0.05). Compared with lean subjects without parental diabetes, β cell function was lower by ∼30% in lean subjects with parental diabetes, ∼40% in obese subjects without parental diabetes, and ∼50% in obese individuals with parental diabetes (P &lt; 0.0001). African-Americans without parental diabetes had ∼40% lower insulin sensitivity (P &lt; 0.001), twofold higher acute insulin secretion (P &lt; 0.001), but ∼30% lower Disposition index (P &lt; 0.01) compared with Caucasians without parental diabetes. Remarkably, there were no significant differences by ethnicity in these glucoregulatory measures among subjects with parental diabetes.

Conclusion
Offspring with parental diabetes harbor substantial impairments in glucoregulation compared with individuals without parental diabetes. Ethnic disparities in glucoregulation were abrogated by parental diabetes.
Η ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΠΑΙΔΙΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΜΟΥΣΟΥΛΜΑΝΙΚΗΣ ΜΕΙΟΝΟΤΗΤΑΣ ΣΤΗ ΘΡΑΚΗ: ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΕΣ, ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΙΚΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΕΣ ΠΑΡΑΜΕΤΡΟΙ
Authors: Σακονίδης (Charalampos Sakonidis) Χαράλαμπος 
Published: December 2017

Η ανάπτυξη της μαθηματικής κατανόησης και σκέψης αποτελεί μια πολύπλοκη διαδικασία που οριοθετείται από ιστορικούς, κοινωνικούς, πολιτισμικούς και πολιτικούς παράγοντες. Η παρούσα μελέτη επιχειρεί να αναδείξει κοινωνικά, πολιτισμικά και πολιτικά ζητήματα που ανακύπτουν στο πλαίσιο της μάθησης και της διδασκαλίας των μαθηματικών από μαθητές της μειονότητας στη Θράκη, μέσα από την προσωπική νοηματοδότηση του ερευνητή. Η αναστοχαστική προσέγγιση κρίσιμων συμβάντων που υιοθετείται υποδεικνύει ότι για ένα μειονοτικό μαθητή, η επιτυχής συμμετοχή στην πρακτική της μαθηματικής εκπαίδευσης συνιστά μια συνεχή πάλη με εξουσιαστικές δομές που λειτουργούν σε τοπικό αλλά και γενικό επίπεδο.
Characteristics of no-scalpel vasectomy patients in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Rahman Fakhri , Birowo Ponco , Taher Akmal , Rasyid Nur 
Published: December 2017

Background: This study aims to learn the demographic and surgical characteristics of patients who underwent no-scalpel vasectomy in Indonesia and to compare patient’s demographic characteristics before and after legal pronouncement/fatwa issued by Indonesia Ulema Council in July 2012. Methods: This is a retrospective study that collected data from the vasectomy medical records of patients who underwent no-scalpel vasectomy between January 2010 and May 2017. A total of 1497 patients were included in this study. Results: The study found that patients’ age of 40-49 years old (42.8%), wives’ age of ≥ 35 years old (65.0%), having three children (34.3%), being Moslem (85.8%), high school graduated for patients (32.3%) and junior high school graduated for patients’ wives (25.7%), casual laborer (40.7%), and guided by family planning program officer (40.6%) were the most frequent characteristics found in patients undergoing no-scalpel vasectomy. There was a significant difference in certain characteristics before and after fatwa issuance, namely wives’ age, number of children, religion, patients’ and wives’ educational background and the person who guided patients to undergo vasectomy procedure. All no-scalpel vasectomy procedures were done using “Dr. Li’s three finger technique” with local infiltration anesthesia; the median length of procedure was 10 (7 – 90) minutes. This study also found that surgeon felt that more than 95% patients were easy to perform no-scalpel vasectomy procedure and this procedure had low complication rate. Conclusions: Even though there were significant proportional difference in some characteristics, this study considers that the fatwa was not the only factor that affected patients’ choice of no-scalpel vasectomy.
Comparison of the Combined Effects of Hyperthermia with Ionizing Radiation or Cisplatin on Yeast and Mammalian Cells
Authors: Пронкевич М. , Pronkevich M. , Евстратова Е. , Evstratova E. , Белкина С. , Belkina S. , Анохин Ю. , Anohin Yu. , Петин В. , Petin V. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose: To compare radiation responses of yeast and mammalian cells to combined actions of various agents and on this basis to draw
a conclusion about the possibility of synergy ideas application in medical radiology.
Material and methods: The yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were exposed to the combined action of hyperthermia (22–58 °C,
exposure time 0–9 hrs) with ionizing radiation (25 MeV bremsstrahlung 5 and 25 Gy/min or γ-rays 60Co, 2, 10, and 80 Gy/min, acute
irradiation) or anti-tumor drug cisplatin (0,05 or 0,25 mg/ml, exposure time 0–3 hrs). The result of synergistic interaction for yeast cells
was assessed by the survival curves obtained by the authors after separate exposure to hyperthermia, ionizing radiation, cisplatin and after
combined action of hyperthermia with ionizing radiation or cisplatin. To quantify the synergistic interaction of similar combined actions
on mammalian cells, the data published by other authors have been used who did not evaluate the synergistic effect themselves.
Results: The synergistic interaction of hyperthermia with ionizing radiation or cisplatin was established for yeast and mammalian
cells. It is shown that the synergistic effect of the simultaneous action of these agents is observed only within a certain temperature range,
within which there is an optimal temperature at which the greatest synergism occurs. This optimal temperature is shifted to lower values
with a decrease in the dose rate of ionizing radiation or concentration of cisplatin. For sequential application of hyperthermia and ionizing
radiation the effect of combined action increases with an increase in acting temperature up to a certain limit, after which it remains
constant. These results are interpreted using the mathematical models previously proposed, in accordance with which the synergism is
determined by the formation of additional damage due to the interaction of sub-damage that are not effective after separate application of
agents.
Despite the fact that all of the data presented were obtained at temperatures far beyond the ambient temperature, it is not excluded that
there could be optimal intensities of harmful agents existing in the biosphere and capable of interacting with physiological heat of animals
and man in a synergistic manner. Hence, the assessment of health or environmental risks from numerous natural and man-made agents at
the level of intensities found in environmental and occupational settings should take into account synergistic interaction between harmful
agents.
Conclusion: The general regularities of synergistic effects of combined action of hyperthermia with ionizing radiation or with cisplatin
for yeast and mammalian cells have been established – the existence of optimal parameters for acting agents providing the highest synergy
and its dependence on the intensity of agents applied.
X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID CANCER
Authors: Зайчик В. , Zaychik V. , Давыдов Г. , Davydov G. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose: To investigate new possibilities of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid goiter lesions by means of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDRFA).
Material and methods: In the samples of thyroid tissue taken from people with intact thyroid gland (mostly died from trauma, n = 92), as well as in patients with nodular goiter (n = 79) and thyroid cancer (n = 40) bromine (Br), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), iodine (I), rubidium (Rb) and strontium (Sr) were investigated. To determine these elements, the methods of EDRPA have been developed using encapsulated sources with 109Cd and 241Am radionuclides for fluorescence excitation.
Results: It is shown that the levels of the content of I, the ratios I / Cu and I / Rb, as well as the products of the ratios I / Cu ∙ (I / Rb) and (I / Br) ∙ (I / Cu) ∙ (I / Rb ) are highly informative markers of thyroid cancer. The accuracy of the developed methods and the reliability of the results obtained were confirmed by measurements of international certified comparison materials.
Conclusion: The use of the proposed markers allows in vitro to differentiat thyroid cancer from benign nodes and normal tissue with sensitivity in the range of 86–100 %, specificity of 89–99 %, and accuracy within 90–99 %.
HDL Particle Measurement: Comparison of 5 Methods
Authors: Matera Robert , Horvath Katalin V , Nair Hari , Schaefer Ernst J , Asztalos Bela F 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDHDL cell cholesterol efflux capacity has been documented as superior to HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) in predicting cardiovascular disease risk. HDL functions relate to its composition. Compositional assays are easier to perform and standardize than functional tests and are more practical for routine testing. Our goal was to compare measurements of HDL particles by 5 different separation methods.METHODSHDL subfractions were measured in 98 samples using vertical auto profiling (VAP), ion mobility (IM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), native 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), and pre-β1-ELISA. VAP measured cholesterol in large HDL2 and small HDL3; IM measured particle number directly in large, intermediate, and small HDL particles; NMR measured lipid signals in large, medium, and small HDL; 2D-PAGE measured apolipoprotein (apo) A-I in large (α1), medium (α2), small (α3–4), and pre-β1 HDL particles; and ELISA measured apoA-I in pre-β1-HDL. The data were normalized and compared using Passing–Bablok, Lin concordance, and Bland–Altman plot analyses.RESULTSWith decreasing HDL-C concentration, NMR measured a gradually lower percentage of large HDL, compared with IM, VAP, and 2D-PAGE. In the lowest HDL-C tertile, NMR measured 8% of large HDL, compared with IM, 22%; VAP, 20%; and 2D-PAGE, 18%. There was strong discordance between 2D-PAGE and NMR in measuring medium HDL (R2 = 0.356; rc = 0.042) and small HDL (R2 = 0.376; rc = 0.040). The 2D-PAGE assay measured a significantly higher apoA-I concentration in pre-β1-HDL than the pre-β1-ELISA (9.8 vs 1.6 mg/dL; R2 = 0.246; rc = 0.130).CONCLUSIONSNMR agreed poorly with the other methods in measuring large HDL, particularly in low HDL-C individuals. Similarly, there was strong discordance in pre-β1-HDL measurements between the ELISA and 2D-PAGE assays.
MEDIATIZACIÓN, NARRATIVIDAD Y PROCESOS EDUCATIVOS
Authors: Buján Federico 
Published: December 2017

La historia de la mediatización puede caracterizarse como una larga serie de materializaciones de la semiosis por medio de diversos procedimientos técnicos, comportando cualidades específicas en cada caso en particular. Eliseo Verón, en sus últimos trabajos (2013, 2014), adoptó una perspectiva de larga duración en relación con la noción de mediatización, una perspectiva que denominara como semioantropológica. Desde esta perspectiva, la mediatización —en cuanto proceso— constituiría el resultado operacional de una dimensión nuclear de nuestra especie biológica: la capacidad de semiosis. Dicha apacidad semiótica del sapiens (concebida como un atributo evolutivo) se expresa en la producción de «fenómenos mediáticos», consistentes en la exteriorización de los procesos mentales bajo la forma de configuraciones materiales.La emergencia de fenómenos mediáticos, concebida a partir del momento en que los signos poseen propiedades de autonomía y de persistencia en el tiempo, abre juego a nuevas posibilidades en los órdenes cognitivo, comunicacional e institucional, y por ende, participa como un operador clave en la configuración cultural.Desde esta perspectiva, nos proponemos en el presente trabajo problematizar algunos aspectos de las prácticas educativas contemporáneas en atención a las cualidades que presentan en el marco del actual contexto físico–virtual. A tales efectos, se pondrá foco sobre dos grandes ejes analíticos que operarán de manera transversal: el de mediatización y el de narratividad.
AUDIENCIAS CONSTRUYENDO EL ACONTECIMIENTO. LA BÚSQUEDA DE SENTIDO EN LOS LÍMITES DEL ECOSISTEMA
Authors: Mazzone Daniel 
Published: December 2017

A 36 años de la publicación del libro de Eliseo Verón sobre la construcción del acontecimiento, usuarios y plataformas contribuyen a emplazar un escenario inédito en que el ecosistema informacional parece exhibir algunos límites. La irrupción de reacciones colectivas espontáneas que subrayan su apoyo o aversión a determinados contenidos, la emisión masiva de imágenes sin edición de circunstancias extremas, así como la facilidad con que cuentas falsas contratan espacios capaces de generar desinformación viral, señala un punto de inflexión discursiva en las mediatizaciones. Este trabajo se propone dar cuenta de algunos de los cambios que introduce la acción de los usuarios a partir de la profundización de su inserción en las plataformas y su incidencia en el papel tradicional del discurso de la información.
Persistent Opioid Use Among Pediatric Patients After Surgery
Authors: Harbaugh Calista M. , Lee Jay S. , Hu Hsou Mei , McCabe Sean Esteban , Voepel-Lewis Terri , Englesbe Michael J. , Brummett Chad M. , Waljee Jennifer F. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND:
Despite efforts to reduce nonmedical opioid misuse, little is known about the development of persistent opioid use after surgery among adolescents and young adults. We hypothesized that there is an increased incidence of prolonged opioid refills among adolescents and young adults who received prescription opioids after surgery compared with nonsurgical patients.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective cohort study by using commercial claims from the Truven Health Marketscan research databases from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2014. We included opioid-naïve patients ages 13 to 21 years who underwent 1 of 13 operations. A random sample of 3% of nonsurgical patients who matched eligibility criteria was included as a comparison. Our primary outcome was persistent opioid use, which was defined as ≥1 opioid prescription refill between 90 and 180 days after the surgical procedure.

RESULTS:
Among eligible patients, 60.5% filled a postoperative opioid prescription (88 637 patients). Persistent opioid use was found in 4.8% of patients (2.7%–15.2% across procedures) compared with 0.1% of those in the nonsurgical group. Cholecystectomy (adjusted odds ratio 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.26) and colectomy (adjusted odds ratio 2.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–5.34) were associated with the highest risk of persistent opioid use. Independent risk factors included older age, female sex, previous substance use disorder, chronic pain, and preoperative opioid fill.

CONCLUSIONS:
Persistent opioid use after surgery is a concern among adolescents and young adults and may represent an important pathway to prescription opioid misuse. Identifying safe, evidence-based practices for pain management is a top priority, particularly among at-risk patients.
Arendt’s Notion of Natality. An Attempt at Clarification
Authors: Totschnig Wolfhart 
Published: December 2017

Arendt afirma que nuestra natalidad (es decir, la condición de haber nacido) es la “fuente” o “raíz” de nuestra capacidad para comenzar (a saber, de nuestra capacidad para iniciar algo nuevo). Sin embargo, ella no explica esta afirmación a cabalidad. ¿Cómo es que la capacidad para comenzar deriva de la condición de nacimiento? Debido a que Arendt no proporciona una respuesta inmediata y clara a esta pregunta, su noción de natalidad ha sido interpretada de maneras muy diferentes. Este trabajo busca aclarar la noción. Se reúnen y se examinan los comentarios dispersos de Arendt acerca de la natalidad y se propone una nueva interpretación que responde a dicha pregunta. En el proceso, se demuestra cómo surgieron las diversas interpretaciones existentes y se argumenta que son inadecuadas.
The public realm and revolution: Hannah Arendt between theory and praxis
Authors: Salikov Alexey , Zhavoronkov Alexey 
Published: December 2017

***O campo público e revolução: Hannah Arendt entre teoria e práxis***O objetivo principal de nosso trabalho é analisar a ideia de Arendt sobre a influência das revoluções no âmbito público, examinando seu alcance teórico e prático. No curso de nossa análise, também responderemos à questão sobre a aplicabilidade da concepção de Arendt sobre revolução no contexto moderno. Depois de uma investigação crítica da ideia de revolução de Arendt e de sua tese sobe o impacto da revolução no âmbito público, investigaremos brevemente vários exemplos de revoluções modernas a partir do ponto de vista arendtiano para chegarmos a uma conclusão sobre a aplicabilidade atual dos argumentoschave de Arendt sobre violência, poder, questões sociais, ação política coletiva e comunicação.
The effect of moderate endurance training on gastrocnemius retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Yousefi Mohammad-Reza , TaheriChadorneshin Hossein 
Published: December 2017

Background
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is suggested to be involved in the occurrence of insulin resistance. There are contradictory studies about the effects of exercise training on RBP4 levels and insulin resistance. Hence, we designed this study to investigate the impact of moderate endurance training on gastrocnemius RBP4 and insulin resistance in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Method
Forty male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: healthy control (HC), diabetic control (DC), healthy training (HT), and diabetic training (DT). Animals in HT and DT groups ran on a treadmill on the basis of overload principle for 6 weeks, three sessions per week. Rats in DC and DT groups are affected by diabetes using STZ (50 mg/kg of body weight). Gastrocnemius RBP4 content was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance at P < 0.05 level.

Results
Serum blood glucose level (P = 0.001) and insulin resistance (P = 0.001) increased in DC compared with HC group, whereas serum insulin (P = 0.001) and gastrocnemius RBP4 (P = 0.001) reduced. However, there were no significant differences between serum blood glucose level (P = 0.384), insulin resistance (P = 0.999), and RBP4 (P = 0.999) content in DT compared with HT group.

Conclusion
Moderate endurance training reduces blood glucose level and subsequently improves insulin sensitivity by decreasing gastrocnemius RBP4 content independent of insulin.