bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovering the Adventure of Ideas: In Defense of Metaphysics as Revisable, Systematic, Speculative Philosophy
Authors: Henning Brian G. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
My aim in this article is twofold. First, I hope to show that, despite its seeming rehabilitation, metaphysics as systematic, speculative philosophy is no less threatened. Second, I will argue that metaphysics as systematic, speculative philosophy is ultimately revisable. That is, metaphysics is not (or should not be) the aim at a closed system of apodictic truths but, rather, an open-ended, fallibilistic pursuit of ever-more-adequate accounts of reality. Specifically, building on the work of Charles Sanders Peirce and Alfred North Whitehead, I will argue that we should conceive of metaphysics not as the quest for absolute certainty but as “working hypothesis.” Thus, the first part will be largely historical and critical, and the second part will be positive and exploratory.
A Different Path: Why Stanley Cavell Won't Get to the Point
Authors: Jackson Larry 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Stanley Cavell rarely gets to the point, and his winding sentences and frequent asides are a favorite target for detractors. This essay follows a different path, however, proposing that we listen carefully to Cavell's voice as an author and consider the philosophical significance of these twists and turns in his writings. After exploring the intellectual basis for Cavellian indirectness, the essay examines an exemplary passage from Must We Mean What We Say? linking it to the political unrest of the 1960s. It shows how Cavell used the indirectness of his writing to mount a necessarily subtle social critique of American society on the issue of race.
The Enigma of Being-Toward-Death
Authors: Sheets-Johnstone Maxine 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis article considers the relationship of Heidegger's metaphysics of Being-toward-death to what Heidegger describes as “the enigma of motion,” that is, to Dasein's “historicality.” In doing so, the article confronts a series of questions concerning fundamental realities of animate life, realities centering on angst in the face of death, but including curiosity and fear, for example, all such realities being what Heidegger terms “states-of-mind” or “moods.” Thus, the article basically questions Heidegger's elision of a Leibkörper, not only in terms of feelings but in terms of an exaltation of language, an insular notion of Dasein's historicality, and a narrow and deficient depiction of animals in his “philosophical biology.” Through a critical examination of the phenomenological disclosure that Heidegger seeks in his metaphysics of Being-toward-death, the article shows that death and the very concept of death hinges on being a body, a temporally finite animate body. Thus, however metaphysical its exposition, Being-toward-death is existentially anchored in being a body.
Solving a Transatlantic Puzzle?: John Wesley, George Whitefield, and ‘Free Grace’ Indeed!
Authors: Maddock Ian J. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Although the ‘Free Grace’ episode has received considerable scholarly attention, a lingering and largely unexplored transatlantic puzzle remains: the contribution played by an anonymously published pamphlet entitled ‘Free Grace’ Indeed! A Letter to the Reverend Mr. John Wesley, relating to his sermon against absolute election; published under the title of ‘Free Grace’. The publication of ‘Free Grace’ Indeed! set off a series of events that would have lasting ramifications for the burgeoning Methodist movement. It functioned as the ‘spark’ that reignited a dispute over the nature of the doctrine of election that Wesley and Whitefield had hitherto agreed to keep out of the public sphere. Ascertaining when that ‘spark’ was lit is significant, insofar as it explains the provocation behind Wesley's decision to reprint his Free Grace sermon in 1740. Furthermore, ascertaining who lit that ‘spark’ (or, as we shall observe, at the very least eliminating Whitefield as the likely author) is also significant, insofar as it exonerates him from the charge of knowingly reinstigating public debate, all the while professing his innocence in his private correspondence with Wesley. As to the identity of the anonymous author of ‘Free Grace’ Indeed!, for the moment this lingering transatlantic puzzle remains unresolved.
‘The Vision’: A Dream Account Collected and Preserved by Mary Bosanquet Fletcher
Authors: Cope Rachel , Kime Bradley 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
‘The Vision’ is a previously unpublished dream manuscript collected and preserved by Mary Bosanquet Fletcher. It emerged out of the transatlantic world of early Methodism, in which dreams played crucial personal and communal religious roles, and in which colonial contact had foregrounded the fate of the unevangelized American Indians as a pressing theological question. In the dream, an angel guides the dreamer through a post-mortal paradise and shows her the spirits commissioned to evangelize the American Indians who had died without the Christian Gospel. ‘The Vision’ provides a rich resource for exploring theology, experience, community, and divine communication in the early history of Methodism.
A Strong Class of Lifted Valid Inequalities for the Shortest Path Problem in Digraphs with Negative Cost Cycles
Authors: Souleye Ibrahim Mamane 
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we address a strong class of lifted valid inequalities for the shortest path problem in digraphs with possibly negative cost cycles. We call these lifted inequalities the $incident \ lifted \ valid \ inequalities$ ($ILI$) as they are based on the incident arcs of a given vertex. The $ILI$ inequalities are close in spirit of the so-called \textit{simple lifted valid inequalities} ($SLI$) and $cocycle \ lifted \ valid \ inequalities$ ($CLI$) introduced in Ibrahim et al. (2015). However, as we will see the $ILI$ inequalities are stronger than the first ones in term of linear relaxation strengthening. Indeed, contrary to $SLI$ and $CLI$ inequalities, consider the same instances, in a cutting plane algorithm, the computational results prove that the $ILI$ inequalities provide the optimal integer solution for all the considered instances within no more than three iterations except one case for which after the first strengthening iteration, there exists no generated inequality.
Gewone verblijfplaats in de Erfrechtverordening
Authors: Curry-Sumner I. 
Published: November 2015

Gewone verblijfplaats in de Erfrechtverordening
Op 17 augustus 2015 wordt de Erfrechtverordening van toepassing. De verordening bevat zowel regels op het gebied van de bevoegdheid van de notaris om een Europese verklaring van erfrecht op te stellen, als regels van toepasselijk recht. In beide gevallen wordt gebruikt gemaakt van de aanknopingsfactor van de gewone verblijfplaats van de erflater. De vraag rijst echter hoe deze dient te worden vastgesteld. In deze bijdrage wordt stilgestaan bij het verschil tussen de begrippen woonplaats en gewone verblijfplaats, en wordt nader gekeken naar de factoren die een rol spelen bij de vaststelling van de gewone verblijfplaats van de erflater.
Clinical Validation of a Novel Commercial Reverse Transcription–Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Screening Assay for Detection of ALK Translocations and Amplifications in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinomas
Authors: Liu Chunyan , Pepper Kristi , Hendrickson Heather , Cagle Philip T. , Portier Bryce P. 
Published: November 2015

Context.— EGFR mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocations have significant biologic and therapeutic implications in lung cancers, particularly lung adenocarcinomas. ALK translocations are less frequent compared with EGFR mutations; interestingly, these two abnormalities are most commonly mutually exclusive. The 2013 College of American Pathologists/Association for Molecular Pathology/International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer molecular testing guideline for lung cancers recommend a testing algorithm in which detection of ALK translocations using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is to be performed following testing for EGFR mutations. Such an algorithm is cost-effective but potentially slows down turnaround time; and as a secondary test, ALK FISH assay may not be completed because it requires the use of additional tissue, and the small biopsies or cytology specimens may have been exhausted in the extraction of nucleic acid for EGFR mutation screening.Objective.—To provide efficient testing of both EGFR and ALK genetic alterations in small biopsies and cytology specimens.Design.—We validated a highly sensitive ALK reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay as a screening tool for ALK translocations and amplifications.Results.—We performed a retrospective review of cases previously tested by FISH and found that all FISH ALK translocation–positive specimens were RT-qPCR positive, and all FISH ALK translocation–negative cases were RT-qPCR negative (the sensitivity and specificity of the ALK RT-qPCR assay were 100%).Conclusion.—This assay allows rapid identification of ALK alterations, can be performed in conjunction with EGFR testing, and does not require use of valuable additional tumor tissue.
Dating Stone Alignments by Luminescence
Authors: Feathers James K. , Zedeño Maria Nieves , Todd Lawrence C. , Aaberg Stephen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStone alignments, including tipi rings and drive lines, are abundant on the northern Plains and adjacent Rocky Mountains, but they have been notoriously difficult to date. This paper applies luminescence dating to sediments directly underneath the rocks to estimate the age of placement of the rock. This is based on the assumption that before the rock was emplaced, turbation processes brought sufficient grains to the surface, where sunlight reset the signal. Single-grain dating of potassium feldspars allowed isolation of these original well-bleached grains, which by now have built up a signal because the rock prevents transfer to the surface. Plotting the number of original well-bleached grains with depth showed that these grains were concentrated just under the rock and decreased with depth. This is what would be predicted if the assumption is true. Dates were derived from several samples from Kutoyis in north central Montana, from Whitewater in eastern Montana, and from several sites in northwestern Wyoming. Many samples from Kutoyis and Wyoming dated to the last 600 years, but some samples from both places were more than 2,000 years old. The Whitewater features also dated to around 2,000 years ago. The ages are consistent with the cultural history of the areas.
Understanding the impact of research on policy using Altmetric data
Authors: Liu Jean , Konkiel Stacy 
Published: November 2015

Usage, sharing, and, discussion data sourced from the scholarly and social web (altmetrics) are being increasingly recognized as tools for understanding the diverse impacts that research can have on the world. One important impact is the downstream effect that research-backed policy can have on the lives of the average citizen.For that reason, we have developed text-mining techniques to discover mentions of research outputs in policy documents created by diverse groups like the International Monetary Fund, World Health Organization, and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. By automatically identifying references to scholarly content in policy documents, we aim to help researchers and institutions to better understand the “real world” uses of their work.In this poster, we explain our current process for sourcing, scraping, validating, and sharing these important data. We also include case studies that illustrate how policy data mined by Altmetric are being used. Presented by Terry Bucknell, Product Sales Manager, Digital Science
INTACT – Collecting data on fee-based Open Access publishing
Authors: Pieper Dirk 
Published: November 2015

See video of the presentation.The transformation from a subscription based journal market to a fee-based Open Access publishing requires a monitoring of APC expenditures. This is not only necessary to ensure price transparency on a developing APC market. In fact funding organizations, library consortia and other stakeholders need a valid data base to be able to evaluate Open Access funding policies or transformation strategies.The presentation will give a short overview about existing initiatives to collect APC data and will then introduce the new project “INTACT - Transparent Infrastructure for fee-based Open Access publishing”. The project, which is funded by the “German Research Foundation” (DFG) and supported by the “DINI working group Electronic Publishing” is a cooperation of Bielefeld University Library, the “Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies of Science” (I2SoS) at Bielefeld University and the Max Planck Digital Library (MPDL). The INTACT approach combines a bibliometric analysis of fee-based Open Access publishing in academic institutions with establishing a standardised reporting and open data service for APC data. By working together with the ESAC initiative (http://esac-initiative.org/), the project wants to increase the efficiency of Open Access publishing workflows in universities and research organizations together with leading Open Access publishers.INTACT uses Open Science workflows for aggregation, use and reuse of APC data. Even before the official start, 21 german universities and 5 research society funds are providing their data into a GitHub-Repository (http://openapc.github.io/), the datasets are available under a Open Database License. Due to DFG funding policy for Open Access publication funds in Germany, the whole dataset releases currently information on more than 3.200 articles in real open access journals, which charge publication fees, and total expenditures for more than 4 million EURO. But information about Open Access articles in toll-access journals ("hybrid") are provided as well. Further more, the presentation discusses basic requirements for creating an international network for analyzing and monitoring fee-based Open Access publishing.
Li partitioning in the benthic foraminifera Amphistegina lessonii
Authors: Langer Gerald , Sadekov Aleksey , Thoms Silke , Mewes Antje , Nehrke Gernot , Greaves Mervyn , Misra Sambuddha , Bijma Jelle , Elderfield Henry 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe shallow water benthic foraminifer Amphistegina lessonii was grown in seawater of variable Li and Ca concentration and shell Li/Ca was determined by means of LA‐ICPMS. Shell Li/Ca is positively correlated to seawater Li/Ca only when the Li concentration of seawater is changed. If the seawater Ca concentration is changed, shell Li/Ca remains constant. This indicates that Li does not compete with Ca for incorporation in the shell of A. lessonii. A recently proposed calcification model can be applied to divalent cations (e.g., Mg and Sr), which compete for binding sites of ion transporters and positions in the calcite lattice. By contrast, the transport pathway of monovalent cations such as Li is probably diffusion based (e.g., ion‐channels), and monovalent cations do not compete with Ca for a position in the calcite lattice. Here we present a new model for Li partitioning into foraminiferal calcite which predicts our experimental results and should also be applicable to other alkali metals.
West wall structuring of equatorial plasma bubbles simulated by three‐dimensional HIRB model
Authors: Yokoyama T. , Jin H. , Shinagawa H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPlasma density depletions in the equatorial ionosphere, or so‐called equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs), are generated in the postsunset period and tend to have a very complex spatial structure. Especially, the east‐west asymmetry of EPBs has been reported by various observations. Using a high‐resolution bubble (HIRB) model, which is a newly developed three‐dimensional numerical model for the equatorial ionosphere, small‐scale structuring at the west wall of large‐scale F layer upwelling is clearly reproduced for the first time. It is not an eastward neutral wind but a vertical shear of zonal plasma drift velocity at the bottomside of the F region that plays an important role in accelerating the instability growth at the west wall and generating the east‐west asymmetry of EPBs.
Multiyear applications of WRF/Chem over continental U.S.: Model evaluation, variation trend, and impacts of boundary conditions
Authors: Yahya Khairunnisa , He Jian , Zhang Yang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMultiyear applications of an online‐coupled meteorology‐chemistry model allow an assessment of the variation trends in simulated meteorology, air quality, and their interactions to changes in emissions and meteorology, as well as the impacts of initial and boundary conditions (ICONs/BCONs) on simulated aerosol‐cloud‐radiation interactions over a period of time. In this work, the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry version 3.4.1 (WRF/Chem v. 3.4.1) with the 2005 Carbon Bond mechanism coupled with the Volatility Basis Set module for secondary organic aerosol formation (WRF/Chem‐CB05‐VBS) is applied for multiple years (2001, 2006, and 2010) over continental U.S. This work also examines the changes in simulated air quality and meteorology due to changes in emissions and meteorology and the model's capability in reproducing the observed variation trends in species concentrations from 2001 to 2010. In addition, the impacts of the chemical ICONs/BCONs on model predictions are analyzed. ICONs/BCONs are downscaled from two global models, the modified Community Earth System Model/Community Atmosphere model version 5.1 (CESM/CAM v5.1) and the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate model (MACC). The evaluation of WRF/Chem‐CB05‐VBS simulations with the CESM ICONs/BCONs for 2001, 2006, and 2010 shows that temperature at 2 m (T2) is underpredicted for all three years likely due to inaccuracies in soil moisture and soil temperature, resulting in biases in surface relative humidity, wind speed, and precipitation. With the exception of cloud fraction, other aerosol‐cloud variables including aerosol optical depth, cloud droplet number concentration, and cloud optical thickness are underpredicted for all three years, resulting in overpredictions of radiation variables. The model performs well for O3 and particulate matter with diameter less than or equal to 2.5 (PM2.5) for all three years comparable to other studies from literature. The model is able to reproduce observed annual average trends in O3 and PM2.5 concentrations from 2001 to 2006 and from 2006 to 2010 but is less skillful in simulating their observed seasonal trends. The 2006 and 2010 results using CESM and MACC ICONs/BCONs are compared to analyze the impact of ICONs/BCONs on model performance and their feedbacks to aerosol, clouds, and radiation. Comparing to the simulations with MACC ICONs/BCONs, the simulations with the CESM ICONs/BCONs improve the performance of O3 mixing ratios (e.g., the normalized mean bias for maximum 8 h O3 is reduced from −17% to −1% in 2010), PM2.5 in 2010, and sulfate in 2006 (despite a slightly larger normalized mean bias for PM2.5 in 2006). The impacts of different ICONs/BCONs on simulated aerosol‐cloud‐radiation variables are not negligible, with larger impacts in 2006 compared to 2010.
LC
–
MS
Applications in Environmental and Food Analysis
Authors: Gentili Alessandra , Caretti Fulvia , Fernández Virginia Pérez 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

This chapter offers a comprehensive overview of the main application fields of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (
LC
–
MS
) technology, highlighting practical aspects, advantages, and shortcomings. The areas covered include environmental and food applications. Emphasis is placed on potentiality and pitfalls of the different
LC
–
MS
approaches to perform both confirmation analysis and large‐scale screening analysis of pesticides, drugs, and toxins using both low‐ and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The key role of
LC
–
MS
in the emerging
omics
technologies (proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics) will also be discussed along with “global” or “targeted” strategies to identify a huge number of proteins or metabolites. Latest advances and potential trends using
LC
–
MS
are also outlined in the several branches of the analytical chemistry.
Inline Detectors
Authors: Rao Ramisetti Nageswara , Rao Pothuraju Nageswara 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA detector is considered one of the most important components of LC and regarded as an input transducer which translates the changes in the chemical composition of the column effluents into electrical signals. The UV‐Visible absorbance detector, fluorescence detector, refractive index (RI) detector, conductivity detector, and mass detectors are most successful. Refractive index is a property of both the solute and the mobile phase. Alternatively, the detectors such as UV‐Vis and electrochemical based on the property of a solute but not solvent are called solute property detectors. The RI detector is widely used in exclusion chromatography but is less sensitive compared to UV. The chapter also overviews the photodiode array detector (PDA), electrochemical detector (ECD), carona charged aerosol detection (CAD), and conductivity detector. The important characteristics required for an ideal detector include sensitivity, linearity, universal or selectivity, low dead volume, and nondestructive.
ChiralGC
Authors: Schurig Volker 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn enantioselective gas chromatography (enantio‐GC), the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) are coated on deactivated capillary columns in bulk as nonvolatile liquids or as solution in a conventional achiral stationary phase (squalane, polyethylene glycol, and various polysiloxanes). In Chirasil‐type CSPs, the chiral selector is chemically bonded to a polysiloxane backbone and thermally immobilized on the capillary inner surface. Three different approaches of mixed binary selector systems in enantio‐GC have been described in this chapter. The separation of enantiomers on chiral nonracemic selectors by enantio‐GC is entirely governed by thermodynamics. It is brought about by the fast and reversible formation of transient and energetically distinct diastereomeric association complexes (DD′ and LD′) between the select and enantiomers (arbitrarily denoted D and L) and the enantiopure selector (arbitrarily denoted D′). The chapter ends with a note on the mechanisms of chirality recognition.
Chip‐Based Gas Chromatography
Authors: Shakeel Hamza , Agah Masoud 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe implementation of microfabrication and nanotechnology methods for gas chromatography (GC) components has opened up new applications and design paradigms. These new methods have enabled the realization of a low‐cost, field‐portable, and low‐power GC platform. In this chapter, microfabricated GC (µGC) components (separation columns and detectors) are described. A brief introduction about the established microfabrication techniques is followed by an overview of µGC history dating back to 1979. The main focus of this chapter is the review of different aspects of µGC separation column design, fabrication, coating, and characterization. It touches upon the different aspects of cutting‐edge µGC detectors. The chapter concludes with the state‐of‐the‐art portable µGC systems and an outlook describing the future challenges of this technology.
Modern Injection Modes (Stacking) for
CE
Authors: Quirino Joselito P. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

The development of assays for real samples using capillary electrophoresis (
CE
) normally involves some form of sample treatment to remove interfering compounds and/or to enrich the target analytes. Sample concentration is performed to overcome the poor detection sensitivity in
CE
using photometric or on‐capillary detection schemes. This chapter will cover some of the recent (from 2010) or modern approaches for online sample concentration or stacking in
CE
. The mechanism of selected stacking approaches will be highlighted.