bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Analysis of the Eco‐Design Management Standardization Process in Furniture Companies
Authors: Landeta‐Manzano Beñat , Arana‐Landín Germán , RuizdeArbulo Patxi , DíazdeBasurto Pablo 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis article discusses how eco‐design management standards have been adopted and the environmental and economic results that have been obtained by the Spanish furniture manufacturers. This is precisely the industry sector in Spain where the dissemination of eco‐design standards has been most important. Using multiple case‐study methodology, the research has shown that, in three companies, more than 90% of the environmental impact of the companies’ products occurs within the manufacturing phase. Companies have implemented tools for life cycle assessment with eco‐indicators values that allow them to assess complex products and evaluate their significant environmental impacts at each stage. The environmental strategies of these companies are based on the continuous improvement of the internal processes and the review and monitoring of their activities. In this approach, the proper choice of materials and the environmental management of the supply chain are the main problems for companies. The outcomes achieved by the companies included some improvements, such as a greater control of product management and a reduction in operating costs, that have allowed them to obtain competitive advantages. Moreover, the adoption of standard management has enabled the companies to drive innovation of products, improve the image of companies and their products, significantly reduce the environmental impact of their products, and adapt to new, more demanding environmental laws and regulations.
Impact of white‐tailed deer on the spread of Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: ROOME A. , HILL L. , AL‐FEGHALI V. , MURNOCK C. G. , GOODSELL J. A. , SPATHIS R. , GARRUTO R. M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThere is a public perception that the white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) is the main reservoir supporting the maintenance and spread of the causative agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi. This study examines the pathogen prevalence rate of Borrelia in adult Ixodes scapularis (Ixodida: Ixodidae), the black‐legged tick, collected from white‐tailed deer and compares it with pathogen prevalence rates in adult ticks gathered by dragging vegetation in two contiguous counties west of the Hudson Valley in upstate New York. In both Broome and Chenango Counties, attached and unattached ticks harvested from white‐tailed deer had significantly lower prevalences of B. burgdorferi than those collected from vegetation. No attached ticks on deer (n = 148) in either county, and only 2.4 and 7.3% of unattached ticks (n = 389) in Broome and Chenango Counties, respectively, were harbouring the pathogen. This contrasts with the finding that 40.8% of ticks in Broome County and 46.8% of ticks in Chenango County collected from vegetation harboured the pathogen. These data suggest that a mechanism in white‐tailed deer may aid in clearing the pathogen from attached deer ticks, although white‐tailed deer do contribute to the spatial distribution of deer tick populations and also serve as deadend host breeding sites for ticks.
Estimating Time‐averaged Serum Urea Nitrogen Concentration during Various Urine Collection Periods: A Prediction Equation for Thrice Weekly and Biweekly Dialysis Schedules
Authors: Daugirdas John T 
Published: October 2016

AbstractResidual kidney urea clearance in dialysis patients typically is calculated as the per minute excretion of urea nitrogen, obtained during the 24–48 hour collection period that usually ends just prior to a dialysis session, divided by the time‐averaged serum water urea nitrogen concentration during the collection period. This concentration is difficult to estimate unless a formal kinetic modeling program is being used. We used a urea kinetic modeling program to derive an equation to estimate the time‐averaged serum water concentration during urine collection periods of various lengths collected during various interdialytic intervals, for 3/week or 2/week dialysis schedules. The equation to predict time‐averaged serum water urea nitrogen concentration during the collection period was a function of the ratio of the duration of the predialysis collection period to the duration of the interdialytic interval during which the collection was accomplished, as well as the urea reduction ratio and predialysis serum urea nitrogen concentration of the dialysis session immediately following the end of the collection period.
Surgical Pathologic Diagnosis
Authors: Klassen-Fischer Mary K. , Neafie Ronald C. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Surgical pathology results can play a crucial role in the management of immunocompromised patients. Here we highlight factors that differ between immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts, such as variation in inflammatory response. Conditions that are covered include drug reactions, disease within solid organ allografts, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, specific immunodeficiency syndromes, neoplasms related to viral infections, and viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections. Special techniques including immunohistochemistry,
in situ
hybridization and molecular detection of pathogen nucleic acid from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue are discussed.
Training volume and soft tissue injury in professional and non-professional rugby union players: a systematic review
Authors: Ball Shane , Halaki Mark , Orr Rhonda 
Published: October 2016

AimTo investigate the relationship between training volume and soft tissue injury incidence, and characterise soft tissue injury in rugby union players.DesignA systematic search of electronic databases was performed. The search strategy combined terms covering: training volume and injury, and rugby union, and players of all levels.Data sourcesMedline, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Embase, PubMed.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies were included if they reported: male rugby union players, a clear definition of a rugby union injury, the amount of training volume undertaken by participants, and epidemiological data for soft-tissue injuries including the number or incidence.Results15 studies were eligible for inclusion. Overall match and training injury incidence ranged from 3.3 to 218.0 injuries/1000 player match hours and 0.1–6.1 injuries/1000 player training hours, respectively. Muscle and tendon as well as joint (non-bone) and ligament injuries were the most frequently occurring injuries. The lower limb was the most prevalent injury location. Injury incidence was higher in professional rugby union players than non-professional players. Contact events were responsible for the greatest injury incidence. For non-contact mechanisms, running was responsible for the highest injury incidence. Inconsistent injury definitions hindered reliable comparison of injury data. The lack of reporting training volumes in hours per player per week limited the ability to investigate associations between training volume and injury incidence.ConclusionsA higher level of play may result in higher match injury incidence. Muscle and tendon injuries were the most common type of soft tissue injury, while the lower limb was the most common location of injury in rugby union players, and running was responsible for the highest injury incidence during non-contact events.
Treatment and prevention of acute and recurrent ankle sprain: an overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis
Authors: Doherty Cailbhe , Bleakley Chris , Delahunt Eamonn , Holden Sinead 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundAnkle sprains are highly prevalent with high risk of recurrence. Consequently, there are a significant number of research reports examining strategies for treating and preventing acute and recurrent sprains (otherwise known as chronic ankle instability (CAI)), with a coinciding proliferation of review articles summarising these reports.ObjectiveTo provide a systematic overview of the systematic reviews evaluating treatment strategies for acute ankle sprain and CAI.DesignOverview of intervention systematic reviews.ParticipantsIndividuals with acute ankle sprain/CAI.Main outcome measurementsThe primary outcomes were injury/reinjury incidence and function.Results46 papers were included in this systematic review. The reviews had a mean score of 6.5/11 on the AMSTAR quality assessment tool. There was strong evidence for bracing and moderate evidence for neuromuscular training in preventing recurrence of an ankle sprain. For the combined outcomes of pain, swelling and function after an acute sprain, there was strong evidence for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and early mobilisation, with moderate evidence supporting exercise and manual therapy techniques. There was conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of surgery and acupuncture for the treatment of acute ankle sprains. There was insufficient evidence to support the use of ultrasound in the treatment of acute ankle sprains.ConclusionsFor the treatment of acute ankle sprain, there is strong evidence for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and early mobilisation, with moderate evidence supporting exercise and manual therapy techniques, for pain, swelling and function. Exercise therapy and bracing are supported in the prevention of CAI.
Economic aspects in the management of diabetes in Italy
Authors: Marcellusi A , Viti R , Sciattella P , Aimaretti G , De Cosmo S , Provenzano V , Tonolo G , Mennini F S 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic-degenerative disease associated with a high risk of chronic complications and comorbidities. The aim of this study is to estimate the average annual cost incurred by the Italian National Health Service (NHS) for the treatment of DM stratified by patients' comorbidities. Moreover, the model estimates the economic impact of implementing good clinical practice for the management of patients with DM.MethodsData were extrapolated from administrative database of the Marche Region and specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed from a clinical board in order to estimate patients with DM only, DM+1, DM+2, DM+3 and DM+4 comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy). Regional data were considered a good proxy for implementing a previously developed cost-of-illness (COI) model from Italian NHS perspective already published. A scenario analysis was considered to estimate the economic impact of good clinical practice implementation in the treatment of DM and its comorbidities in Italy.ResultsThe model estimated an average number of patients with DM per year in the Marche region of 85.909 (5.5% of population) from 2008 to 2011. The mean costs per patients with DM only, DM+1, DM+2, DM+3 and DM+4 comorbidities were €341, €1,335, €2,287, €5,231 and €7,085 respectively. From the Italian NHS perspective, the total economic burden of DM in Italy amounted to €8.1. billion/year (22% for drugs, 74% for hospitalization and 4% for visits). Scenario analysis demonstrates that the implementation of good clinical practice could save over €700 million per year.ConclusionsThis model is the first study that considers real world data and COI model to estimate the economic burden of DM and its comorbidities from the Italian NHS perspective. Integrated management of the patients with DM could be a good driver for the reduction of the costs of this disease in Italy.
Diabetes as an increasingly common comorbidity among patient hospitalizations for tuberculosis in the USA
Authors: Zahr Roula S , Peterson Ryan A , Polgreen Linnea A , Cavanaugh Joseph E , Hornick Douglas B , Winthrop Kevin L , Polgreen Philip M 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveDiabetes is a risk factor for active tuberculosis (TB). The purpose of this paper was to estimate the risk of hospitalization for TB with and without a secondary diagnosis of diabetes in groups with different ethnic backgrounds.Research design and methodsWe used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1998 to 2011, identifying all patients with a primary diagnosis of TB and/or a secondary diagnosis of diabetes (type 1 or type 2) or HIV. Next, we performed logistic regression to investigate the association of diabetes status, HIV status, and race (and the interaction of diabetes and race) with the risk of hospitalization with a primary diagnosis of TB. We also included a time covariate, to determine whether potential risk factors changed during the study period.ResultsControlling for HIV status, diabetes did not increase the odds of TB in white and black patients. However, in Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander patients, diabetes increased the odds of TB by a factor of 1.7 (95% CI 1.51 to 1.83). Asian/Pacific Islanders who had diabetes but not HIV experienced 26.4 (95% CI 23.1 to 30.1) times the odds of TB relative to the white males without diabetes or HIV. In addition, the percent of TB cases that belong to these high-risk groups (Asian/Pacific Islander/Hispanic diabetics) has more than doubled from 4.6% in 1998 to 9.6% in 2011.ConclusionsIn specific demographic groups, diabetes was a strong risk factor for hospital admissions for TB.
Evaluation of vitamin D relationship with type 2 diabetes and systolic blood pressure
Authors: Nayak Shivananda Bijoor , Ramnanansingh Terry Gavaskar 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate whether relationships exist among vitamin D, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and blood pressure in Trinidadian subjects with T2DM.Research design and methodsThis was a case–controlled study to determine if vitamin D levels were lower in patients with T2DM. After data analysis, an exploratory hypothesis of vitamin D relationship to systolic blood pressure (SBP) was developed. Plasma calcifediol (25(OH)D) concentrations were used as a measurement for vitamin D levels and were determined by ELISA. Cholesterol levels were measured by an automated dry chemistry analyzer and blood pressure was measured using an automatic blood pressure monitor.ResultsThere was no significant difference (p=0.139, n=76) in 25(OH)D levels between patients with T2DM and controls. Subjects with SBP above 130 mm Hg were 8 times more likely to have a 25(OH)D plasma concentration above 25 ng/mL (OR 7.9 (2.2 to 28.7)), and were 5 times (OR 4.7 (1.7 to 15.1)) more likely to have a 25(OH)D plasma concentration above 30 ng/mL (OR 7.5 (2.3–24.2)). Vitamin D levels moderately and positively correlated with SBP (rs=0.38, p=0.001).ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in the 25(OH)D levels between patients with T2DM and controls (p=0.139). Patients with SBP under 130 mm Hg were 8 times more likely to have a vitamin D level above 25 ng/mL (OR 7.9 (2.2 to 28.7)). Further investigations are required to examine the relationship between vitamin D and SBP.
Psychosocial wellbeing of patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis voluntarily confined to long-term hospitalisation in Nigeria
Authors: Oladimeji Olanrewaju , Ushie Boniface Ayanbekongshie , Udoh Ekerette Emmanuel , Oladimeji Kelechi Elizabeth , Ige Olusoji Mayowa , Obasanya Olusegun , Lekharu Daisy , Atilola Olayinka , Lawson Lovett , Eltayeb Osman , Gidado Mustapha , Tsoka-Gwegweni Joyce M , Ihekweazu Chikwe A , Chasela Charles S 
Published: October 2016

Background and objectivePatient isolation, which is a widely successful treatment strategy for tuberculosis (TB), has been suspected to have effects on patient psychosocial wellbeing. We assessed the psychosocial wellbeing of multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients in voluntary and isolated long-term hospitalisation in Nigeria.Methods98 accessible and consenting patients in four drug-resistant treatment centres (University College Hospital and Government Chest Hospital, Ibadan; Mainland Hospital, Lagos, and Lawrence Henshaw Memorial Hospital, Calabar) were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using an 18-item psychosocial wellbeing questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics. We used descriptive statistics to present demographic characteristics; the χ2test was used to assess associations between psychosocial wellbeing and independent variables and the relationship was modelled using logistic regression.ResultsThe mean age of respondents was 36.1±11.9 years and 63% were males. Respondents had been in hospital an average of 4.5±1.9 months. Females had more psychosocial concerns compared with males. The most common concerns recorded among respondents were concern that people will get to know that the respondent had a bad type of TB (70%), discontent with being separated from and longing for the company of their marital partner (72%), concerns that they may have taken too many drugs (73%), and displeasure with being unable to continue to engage in their usual social and economic activities (75%). Respondents who were employed had eight times the odds of having more psychosocial concerns than the median number among respondents. Respondents who were supported by their own families during hospitalisation experienced a lower burden of psychosocial concerns compared with those who were supported by third parties.ConclusionsProlonged hospitalisation resulted in significant psychosocial burden for the MDR-TB patients in our study centres. There is a need to consider alternative approaches that place less psychosocial burden on patients without compromising quality of care.
Consumption of energy drinks by children and young people: a rapid review examining evidence of physical effects and consumer attitudes
Authors: Visram Shelina , Cheetham Mandy , Riby Deborah M , Crossley Stephen J , Lake Amelia A 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo examine patterns of energy drink consumption by children and young people, attitudes towards these drinks, and any associations with health or other outcomes.DesignRapid evidence assessment and narrative synthesis.Data sources9 electronic bibliographic databases, reference lists of relevant studies and searches of the internet.ResultsA total of 410 studies were located, with 46 meeting the inclusion criteria. The majority employed a cross-sectional design, involved participants aged 11–18 years, and were conducted in North America or Europe. Consumption of energy drinks by children and young people was found to be patterned by gender, with boys consuming more than girls, and also by activity levels, with the highest consumption observed in the most and least sedentary individuals. Several studies identified a strong, positive association between the use of energy drinks and higher odds of health-damaging behaviours, as well as physical health symptoms such as headaches, stomach aches, hyperactivity and insomnia. There was some evidence of a dose–response effect. 2 experimental studies involving small numbers of junior athletes demonstrated a positive impact on limited aspects of sports performance. 3 themes emerged from the qualitative studies: reasons for use; influences on use; and perceived efficacy and impact. Taste and energy-seeking were identified as key drivers, and branding and marketing were highlighted as major influences on young people's consumption choices. Awareness of possible negative effects was low.ConclusionsThere is growing evidence that consumption of energy drinks is associated with a range of adverse outcomes and risk behaviours in terms of children's health and well-being. However, taste, brand loyalty and perceived positive effects combine to ensure their popularity with young consumers. More research is needed to explore the short-term and long-term impacts in all spheres, including health, behaviour and education.Trial registration numberCRD42014010192.
Psychotropic drug use and alcohol consumption among older adults in Germany: results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008–2011
Authors: Du Yong , Wolf Ingrid-Katharina , Knopf Hildtraud 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesThe use and combined use of psychotropic drugs and alcohol among older adults is a growing public health concern and should be constantly monitored. Relevant studies are scarce in Germany. Using data of the most recent national health survey, we analyse prevalence and correlates of psychotropic drug and alcohol use among this population.MethodsStudy participants were people aged 60–79 years (N=2508) of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008–2011. Medicines used during the last 7 days were documented. Psychotropic drugs were defined as medicines acting on the nervous system (ATC code N00) excluding anaesthetics (N01), analgesics/antipyretics (N02B), but including opiate codeines used as antitussives (R05D). Alcohol consumption in the preceding 12 months was measured by frequency (drinking any alcohol-containing beverages at least once a week/a day) and quantity (alcohol consumed in grams/day; cut-offs: 10/20 g/day for women/men defining moderate and risky drinking). SPSS complex sample module was used for analysis.Results21.4% of study participants use psychotropic medications, 66.9% consume alcohol moderately and 17.0% riskily, 51.0% drink alcohol at least once a week and 18.4% daily, 2.8% use psychotropic drugs combined with daily alcohol drinking. Among psychotropic drug users, 62.7% consume alcohol moderately, 14.2% riskily. The most frequently used psychotropic medications are antidepressants (7.9%) and antidementia (4.2%). Factors associated with a higher rate of psychotropic drug use are female sex, worse health status, certified disability and polypharmacy. Risky alcohol consumption is positively associated with male sex, smoking, upper social class, better health status, having no disability and not living alone.ConclusionsDespite the high risk of synergetic effects of psychotropic drugs and alcohol, a substantial part of older psychotropic drug users consume alcohol riskily and daily. Health professionals should talk about the additional health risks of alcohol consumption when prescribing psychotropic drugs to older adults.