bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulationstraining in der Geburtshilfe: eine Befragung von Teilnehmenden eines low fidelity Trainings
Authors: Störr Almut , König-Bachmann Martina , Schwarz Christiane 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Gebären und geboren werden sind prinzipiell physiologische Vorgänge. Allerdings kann sich eine Geburt plötzlich in einen lebensbedrohlichen Notfall wandeln. Dann hängen Gesundheit von Mutter und Kind in starkem Maße von richtigen und rechtzeitigen Interventionen und effektiver Teamarbeit des medizinischen Personals ab. Um diesen komplexen Anforderungen gewachsen zu sein, wurden v. a. in englischsprachigen und skandinavischen Ländern Konzepte für interdisziplinäres Simulationstraining entwickelt und evaluiert. Dabei gelten Trainingskonzepte mit high fidelity Ausstattung (computergesteuerten Simulatoren) und solche mit low fidelity (einfache Hilfsmittel und SimulationspatientInnen*) als wirksam. Für den deutschsprachigen Raum gibt es kaum Nachweise für die Effektivität von interdisziplinärem Notfalltraining in der Geburtshilfe. Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit ist es herauszufinden, ob ein low fidelity Simulationstraining in Deutschland eine effektive Methode ist, um das geburtshilfliche Notfallmanagement zu verbessern.
Methode Es wurden fragebogenbasiert, 4 Monate nach dem Training quantitative und qualitative Parameter vor und nach einem Simulationstraining erhoben und evaluiert. Wir fragten u. a. nach der Selbsteinschätzung der Teilnehmenden hinsichtlich ihrer Kompetenz und Sicherheit im Notfall; der Wahrnehmung von Kooperation und Kommunikation im Team; der Klarheit von Arbeitsabläufen und der Einschätzung der Patientinnenperspektive.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 48 Fragebögen prä und post Training ausgewertet. Fast alle Indikatoren zeigten eine signifikante Änderung. Veränderungsvorschläge der Befragten in Bezug auf Struktur- und Prozessqualität im Kreißsaal wurden qualitativ beschreibend ausgewertet.
Schlussfolgerungen Der Bedarf wird bei den Mitarbeitenden gesehen. Diese bewerten subjektiv die Bewältigung von Notfällen als verbessert.
Folat und Folsäure
Authors: Péter Szabolcs , Eggersdorfer Manfred 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Name „Folat“ stammt vom lateinischen Begriff „folium“ („Blatt“). Denn diese bioaktiven Verbindungen
wurden erstmals aus Spinatblättern isoliert. Oft werden die Bezeichnungen Folat, Vitamin B9
und Folsäure synonym gebraucht. Hierbei handelt es sich um wasserlösliche Verbindungen der
Vitamin-B-Gruppe, zu der auch Folsäure und natürlich vorkommendes Folat zählen.
Why cognitivism?
Authors: Levy Yair 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntention Cognitivism – the doctrine that intending toVentails, or even consists in, believing that one willV– is an important position with potentially wide-ranging implications, such as a revisionary understanding of practical reason, and a vindicating explanation of ‘Practical Knowledge.’ In this paper, I critically examine the standard arguments adduced in support of IC, including arguments from the parity of expression of intention and belief; from the ability to plan around one’s intention; and from the explanation provided by the thesis for our knowledge of our intentional acts. I conclude that none of these arguments are compelling, and therefore that no good reason has been given to accept IC.
Investigation of Slow-wave Activity Saturation during Surgical Anesthesia Reveals a Signature of Neural Inertia in Humans
Authors: Warnaby Catherine E. , Sleigh Jamie W. , Hight Darren , Jbabdi Saad , Tracey Irene 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
Previously, we showed experimentally that saturation of slow-wave activity provides a potentially individualized neurophysiologic endpoint for perception loss during anesthesia. Furthermore, it is clear that induction and emergence from anesthesia are not symmetrically reversible processes. The observed hysteresis is potentially underpinned by a neural inertia mechanism as proposed in animal studies.

Methods
In an advanced secondary analysis of 393 individual electroencephalographic data sets, we used slow-wave activity dose-response relationships to parameterize slow-wave activity saturation during induction and emergence from surgical anesthesia. We determined whether neural inertia exists in humans by comparing slow-wave activity dose responses on induction and emergence.

Results
Slow-wave activity saturation occurs for different anesthetics and when opioids and muscle relaxants are used during surgery. There was wide interpatient variability in the hypnotic concentrations required to achieve slow-wave activity saturation. Age negatively correlated with power at slow-wave activity saturation. On emergence, we observed abrupt decreases in slow-wave activity dose responses coincident with recovery of behavioral responsiveness in ~33% individuals. These patients are more likely to have lower power at slow-wave activity saturation, be older, and suffer from short-term confusion on emergence.

Conclusions
Slow-wave activity saturation during surgical anesthesia implies that large variability in dosing is required to achieve a targeted potential loss of perception in individual patients. A signature for neural inertia in humans is the maintenance of slow-wave activity even in the presence of very-low hypnotic concentrations during emergence from anesthesia.
Changes to Hospital Inpatient Volume After Newspaper Reporting of Medical Errors
Authors: Fukuda Haruhisa 
Published: June 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of medical error case reporting by national newspapers on inpatient volume at acute care hospitals.

Design
A case-control study was conducted using the article databases of 3 major Japanese newspapers with nationwide circulation between fiscal years 2012 and 2013. Data on inpatient volume at acute care hospitals were obtained from a Japanese government survey between fiscal years 2011 and 2014. Panel data were constructed and analyzed using a difference-in-differences design.

Setting
Acute care hospitals in Japan.

Participants
Hospitals named in articles that included the terms “medical error” and “hospital” were designated case hospitals, which were matched with control hospitals using corresponding locations, nurse-to-patient ratios, and bed numbers.

Exposure
Medical error case reporting in newspapers.

Main outcome measures
Changes to hospital inpatient volume after error reports.

Results
The sample comprised 40 case hospitals and 40 control hospitals. Difference-in-differences analyses indicated that newspaper reporting of medical errors was not significantly associated (P = 0.122) with overall inpatient volume.

Conclusions
Medical error case reporting by newspapers showed no influence on inpatient volume. Hospitals therefore have little incentive to respond adequately and proactively to medical errors. There may be a need for government intervention to improve the posterror response and encourage better health care safety.
Assessment of Automating Safety Surveillance From Electronic Health Records: Analysis for the Quality and Safety Review System
Authors: Fong Allan , Adams Katharine , Samarth Anita , McQueen Laura , Trivedi Manan , Chappel Tahleah , Grace Erin , Terrillion Susan , Ratwani Raj M. 
Published: June 2017

Background and Objectives
In an effort to improve and standardize the collection of adverse event data, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality is developing and testing a patient safety surveillance system called the Quality and Safety Review System (QSRS). Its current abstraction from medical records is through manual human coders, taking an average of 75 minutes to complete the review and abstraction tasks for one patient record. With many healthcare systems across the country adopting electronic health record (EHR) technology, there is tremendous potential for more efficient abstraction by automatically populating QSRS. In the absence of real-world testing data and models, which require a substantial investment, we provide a heuristic assessment of the feasibility of automatically populating QSRS questions from EHR data.

Methods
To provide an assessment of the automation feasibility for QSRS, we first developed a heuristic framework, the Relative Abstraction Complexity Framework, to assess relative complexity of data abstraction questions. This framework assesses the relative complexity of characteristics or features of abstraction questions that should be considered when determining the feasibility of automating QSRS. Questions are assigned a final relative complexity score (RCS) of low, medium, or high by a team of clinicians, human factors, and natural language processing researchers.

Results
One hundred thirty-four QSRS questions were coded using this framework by a team of natural language processing and clinical experts. Fifty-five questions (41%) had high RCS and would be more difficult to automate, such as “Was use of a device associated with an adverse outcome(s)?” Forty-two questions (31%) had medium RCS, such as “Were there any injuries as a result of the fall(s)?" and 37 questions (28%) had low RCS, such as “Did the patient deliver during this stay?" These results suggest that Blood and Hospital Acquired Infections–Clostridium Difficile Infection (HAI-CDI) modules would be relatively easier to automate, whereas Surgery and HAI–Surgical Site Infection would be more difficult to automate.

Conclusions
Although EHRs contain a wealth of information, abstracting information from these records is still very challenging, particularly for complex questions, such as those concerning patient adverse events. In this work, we developed a heuristic framework, which can be applied to help guide conversations around the feasibility of automating QSRS data abstraction. This framework does not aim to replace testing with real data but complement the process by providing initial guidance and direction to subject matter experts to help prioritize, which abstraction questions to test for feasibility using real data.
Man Versus Machine: Comparing Double Data Entry and Optical Mark Recognition for Processing CAHPS Survey Data
Authors: Fifolt Matthew , Blackburn Justin , Rhodes David J. , Gillespie Shemeka , Bennett Aleena , Wolff Paul , Rucks Andrew 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
Historically, double data entry (DDE) has been considered the criterion standard for minimizing data entry errors. However, previous studies considered data entry alternatives through the limited lens of data accuracy. This study supplies information regarding data accuracy, operational efficiency, and cost for DDE and Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) for processing the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems 5.0 survey.

Methods:
To assess data accuracy, we compared error rates for DDE and OMR by dividing the number of surveys that were arbitrated by the total number of surveys processed for each method. To assess operational efficiency, we tallied the cost of data entry for DDE and OMR after survey receipt. Costs were calculated on the basis of personnel, depreciation for capital equipment, and costs of noncapital equipment.

Results:
The cost savings attributed to this method were negated by the operational efficiency of OMR. There was a statistical significance between rates of arbitration between DDE and OMR; however, this statistical significance did not create a practical significance.

Conclusions:
The potential benefits of DDE in terms of data accuracy did not outweigh the operational efficiency and thereby financial savings of OMR.
RetroPath2.0: a retrosynthesis workflow for metabolic engineers
Authors: Delépine Baudoin , Duigou Thomas , Carbonell Pablo , Faulon Jean-Loup 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSynthetic biology applied to industrial biotechnology is transforming the way we produce chemicals. However, despite advances in the scale and scope of metabolic engineering, the bioproduction process still remains costly. In order to expand the chemical repertoire for the production of next generation compounds, a major engineering biology effort is required in the development of novel design tools that target chemical diversity through rapid and predictable protocols. Addressing that goal involves retrosynthesis approaches that explore the chemical biosynthetic space. However, the complexity associated with the large combinatorial retrosynthesis design space has often been recognized as the main challenge hindering the approach. Here, we provide RetroPath2.0, an automated open source workflow for retrosynthesis based on generalized reaction rules that perform the retrosynthesis search from chassis to target through an efficient and well-controlled protocol. Its easiness of use and the versatility of its applications make of this tool a valuable addition into the biological engineer bench desk. We show through several examples the application of the workflow to biotechnological relevant problems, including the identification of alternative biosynthetic routes through enzyme promiscuity; or the development of biosensors. We demonstrate in that way the ability of the workflow to streamline retrosynthesis pathway design and its major role in reshaping the design, build, test and learn pipeline by driving the process toward the objective of optimizing bioproduction. The RetroPath2.0 workflow is built using tools developed by the bioinformatics and cheminformatics community, because it is open source we anticipate community contributions will likely expand further the features of the workflow.HighlightsState-of-the-art Computer-Aided Design retrosynthesis solutions lack open source and ease of useWe propose RetroPath2.0 a modular and open-source workflow to perform retrosynthesisRetroPath2.0 computes reaction network between Source and Sink sets of compoundsRetroPath2.0 is distributed as a KNIME workflow for desktop computersRetroPath2.0 is ready-for-use and distributed with reaction rulesFundingThis work was supported by the French National Research Agency [ANR-15-CE1-0008], the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Centre for synthetic biology of fine and speciality chemicals [BB/M017702/1]; Synthetic Biology Applications for Protective Materials [EP/N025504/1], and GIP Genopole.
Transcriptomic Resilience of a Coral Holobiont to Low pH
Authors: González-Pech Raúl A. , Vargas Sergio , Francis Warren R. , Wörheide Gert 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOcean acidification is considered as one of the major threats for coral reefs at a global scale. Marine calcifying organisms, including stony corals, are expected to be the most affected by the predicted decrease of the surface water pH at the end of the century. The severity of the impacts on coral reefs remains as matter of controversy. Although previous studies have explored the physiological response of stony corals to changes in pH, the response of the holobiont (i.e. the coral itself plus its symbionts) remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we assessed the changes in overall gene expression of the coralMontipora digitataand its microalgal symbionts after a short (three days) and a longer (42 days) exposure to low pH (7.6). The short-term exposure to low pH caused small differences in the expression level of the host, impacting mostly genes associated with stress response in other scleractinians. Resilience to Acidification of a Coral Holobiont Longer exposure to low pH resulted in no significant changes in gene expression of the coral host. Gene expression in the eukaryotic symbionts remained unaltered at both exposure times. Our findings suggest resilience, in terms of gene expression, of theMontipora digitataholobiont to pH decrease, as well as capability to acclimatize to extended periods of exposure to low pH.
Cost-effective, high-throughput, single-haplotype iterative mapping and sequencing for complex genomic structures
Authors: Bellott Daniel W. , Cho Ting-Jan , Hughes Jennifer F. , Skaletsky Helen , Page David C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractReference sequence of structurally complex regions can only be obtained through highly accurate clone-based approaches. We and others have successfully employed Single-Haplotype Iterative Mapping and Sequencing (SHIMS 1.0) to assemble structurally complex regions across the sex chromosomes of several vertebrate species and in targeted improvements to the reference sequences of human autosomes. However, SHIMS 1.0 was expensive and time consuming, requiring the resources that only a genome center could command. Here we introduce SHIMS 2.0, an improved SHIMS protocol to allow even a small laboratory to generate high-quality reference sequence from complex genomic regions. Using a streamlined and parallelized library preparation protocol, and taking advantage of high-throughput, inexpensive, short-read sequencing technologies, a small group can sequence and assemble hundreds of clones in a week. Relative to SHIMS 1.0, SHIMS 2.0 reduces the cost and time required by two orders of magnitude, while preserving high sequencing accuracy.
Proteomic Architecture of Human Coronary and Aortic Atherosclerosis
Authors: Herrington David M , Chunhong Mao , Sarah Parker , ZongminG Fu , Guoqiang Yu , Lulu Chen , Vidya Venkatraman , Yi Fu , Yizhi Wang , Tim Howard , Jun Goo , Zhao CF , Yongming Liu , Georgia Saylor , Grace Athas , Dana Troxclair , James Hixson , Richard Vander Heide , Yue Wang , Jennifer Van Eyk 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe inability to detect premature atherosclerosis significantly hinders implementation of personalized therapy to prevent coronary heart disease. A comprehensive understanding of arterial protein networks and how they change in early atherosclerosis could identify new biomarkers for disease detection and improved therapeutic targets. Here we describe the human arterial proteome and the proteomic features strongly associated with early atherosclerosis based on mass-spectrometry analysis of coronary artery and aortic specimens from 100 autopsied young adults (200 arterial specimens). Convex analysis of mixtures, differential dependent network modeling and bioinformatic analyses defined the composition, network re-wiring and likely regulatory features of the protein networks associated with early atherosclerosis. Among other things the results reveal major differences in mitochondrial protein mass between the coronary artery and distal aorta in both normal and atherosclerotic samples – highlighting the importance of anatomic specificity and dynamic network structures in in the study of arterial proteomics. The publicly available data resource and the description of the analysis pipeline establish a new foundation for understanding the proteomic architecture of atherosclerosis and provide a template for similar investigations of other chronic diseases characterized by multi-cellular tissue phenotypes.HighlightsLC MS/MS analysis performed on 200 human aortic or coronary artery samplesNumerous proteins, networks, and regulatory pathways associated with early atherosclerosisMitochondrial proteins mass and selected metabolic regulatory pathways vary dramatically by disease status and anatomic locationPublically available data resource and analytic pipeline are provided or described in detail
Emerging markets: the impact of ICT on the economy and society
Authors: Amiri Shahram , Woodside Joseph M. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to quantifiably measure the relationship between technological advancement, economic growth and societal employment trends across the Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) countries, while also describing various government initiatives and policy steps taken to promote technology development.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines the relationship between the United Nations’ International Telecommunication Union’s Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development Index (IDI), gross domestic product (GDP) and unemployment data. The paper also reviews the broadband and e-readiness components of each BRIC nation to further describe the policies in adoption of ICT.FindingsThis research concludes that there is in fact a significant positive correlation between technology (as measured by IDI) and economy (as measured by a nation’s GDP) and there is a significant negative correlation between technology (as measured by IDI) and a nation’s unemployment rate benefiting the society.Originality/valueThis research seeks to describe the impact of Information Communication Technology on economic and society indices in BRIC. Paper contributions include an empirical measurement and relationship between technological advancement, economic growth and employment trends across the BRIC countries, while also describing various government policy initiatives taken to promote technology.
What’s your anonymity worth? Establishing a marketplace for the valuation and control of individuals’ anonymity and personal data
Authors: Robinson Stephen Cory 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The viability of online anonymity is questioned in today’s online environment where many technologies enable tracking and identification of individuals. In light of the shortcomings of the government, industry and consumers in protecting anonymity, it is clear that a new perspective for ensuring anonymity is needed. Where current stakeholders have failed to protect anonymity, some proponents argue that economic models exist for valuation of anonymity. By placing a monetary value on anonymity through Rawls’ concept of primary goods, it is possible to create a marketplace for anonymity, therefore allowing users full control of how their personal data is used. This paper aims to explore the creation of a data marketplace, offering users the possibility of engaging with companies and other entities to sell and auction personal data. Importantly, participation in a marketplace does not sacrifice one’s anonymity, as there are different levels of anonymity in online systems.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a conceptual framework based on the abstractions of anonymity and data valuation.

Findings
The manuscript constructs a conceptual foundation for exploring the development and deployment of a personal data marketplace. By suggesting features allowing individuals’ control of their personal data, and properly establishing monetary valuation of one’s personal data, it is argued that individuals will undertake a more proactive management of personal data.

Originality/value
An overview of the available services and products offering increased anonymity is explored, in turn, illustrating the beginnings of a market response for anonymity as a valuable good. By placing a monetary value on individuals’ anonymity, it is reasoned that individuals will more consciously protect their anonymity in ways where legislation and other practices (i.e. privacy policies, marketing opt-out) have failed.