bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Unified Detection Framework for Ransomware Using Safeguarded Diffusion Models
Authors: Whittle Safronia , Iglesias Darius , Delarosa Leah , Yasin Cameron 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Ransomware continues to pose an evolving threat to digital infrastructures, necessitating the development of advanced detection mechanisms capable of addressing both known and novel attack vectors. This research explores the application of diffusion models—traditionally used for generative tasks—for detecting ransomware attacks through anomaly detection. The proposed framework integrates safeguarding techniques to protect the diffusion model against adversarial threats, ensuring robust detection of ransomware even in dynamic and large-scale network environments. Experimental results demonstrate that the diffusion model outperforms traditional signature-based and anomaly-based methods in terms of accuracy, false-positive rates, and detection latency, while maintaining efficiency across different network scales. The framework's effectiveness in real-time ransomware detection, coupled with its scalability, highlights its potential for deployment in diverse cybersecurity environments. Despite its successes, challenges such as distinguishing between benign anomalies and ransomware behaviour and optimising scalability remain. This research contributes to advancing the use of machine learning in ransomware detection and sets the stage for future exploration of adaptive security frameworks.
Adaptation and validation of a scale for quality standards measures in hospital blood bank: A pilot study
Authors: Shomah Marwa I. , El-Gilany A. , Mashaly Mervat , Elshaer Mohammed , Sadeq Mona , El-Mashad N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context: Applying quality standards in hospital blood banks helps to determine how the blood bank operates to meet the requirements of technical specifications with the requirements of national and international blood bank programs with accurate results and ensuring the safety and effectiveness of blood products for patients.
Aims: This study aims to measure the psychometric properties (content validity and reliability) of the “Scale” as newly adapted measure to assess the quality standards in the blood bank in hospitals.
Settings and Design: A pilot cross-section validation study conducted during the period from March to July 2023.
Methods and Material: This study included seven of experts as jury to assess the content validity of the scale. The thirteen blood bank personnel were included in the pilot testing of the reliability of it.
Statistical analysis used: The content validity index was calculated at the item level
(I-CVI), expert level (E-CVI) and scale level (S-CVI). Cronbach's alpha was calculated to measure the internal consistency between items of each domain and the total scale.
Results: Global I-CVI ranged between 0.85 and 1.0, S-CVIs was more than 0.90 and E-CVI ranged between 0.79 and 1.0. The internal consistency for personnel domain was with Cronbach’s α = 0.61 and 0.80.
Conclusions: The scales for place and processes are valid, and that for personnel is valid and reliable. The newly modified scale with three domains including 76 items can be used to measure and monitor the performance and quality standards in the hospital blood bank.
The Coaches’ Eye: A Randomized Repeated-Measure Observational Study Assessing Coaches’ Perception of Velocity Loss during Resistance Training Exercises.
Authors: Iacono Antonio Dello , Henry Scott , Ben-Ari Asaf , Halperin Israel , Carey Laura 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Resistance training (RT) coaches regularly instruct their trainees to terminate a set based on their estimation that repetition velocity has dropped beyond a certain threshold, aligning with the concept of velocity loss in the velocity-based training (VBT) method. However, this ability has never been studied. Here, we assess the accuracy of RT coaches in estimating the repetition velocity loss of trainees.
Methods: Twenty RT coaches participated in a single experimental session in which they observed videos of two trainees completing sets of the barbell bench press and barbell back squat exercises, using three loads (45%, 65%, and 85% of 1 repetition-maximum [1RM]), and recorded from two views (front and side). We asked them to estimate when repetitions exceeded two velocity loss thresholds (20% and 40%). We examined whether velocity loss threshold, load, view, mental fatigue, and gaze strategy influenced estimation accuracy. We compared outcomes using a negative binomial generalized mixed-effects model.
Results: The average absolute accuracy error across all conditions was 2.6 repetitions, with errors ranging from 1 to 5 repetitions. Coaches improved their accuracy (negative estimates indicate reduced error) when estimating higher velocity loss threshold (40% vs 20%; −1.8, 95%CI [−2.3, −1.3]), using heavier loads (−0.8, 95%CI [−1.5, −0.1]) for 65% 1RM, and −3, 95%CI [−3.4, −2.6] for 85% 1RM compared to 45% 1RM), and employing a bar tracking gaze strategy compared to a no-bar strategy (−1.7, 95%CI [−2.7, −0.4]). These findings were consistent across both points of view, with mental fatigue having a negligible impact.
Conclusions: While coaches perceive velocity loss with some degree of accuracy, their error rates vary depending on the velocity loss threshold, load, and gaze strategy used. Coaches should consider these error rates with their specific RT goals when using perceived velocity loss in practice.
An interpretable covariate compartmental model for predicting the spatio-temporal patterns of dengue in Sri Lanka
Authors: Liu Yichao , Fransson Peter , Heidecke Julian , Liyanage Prasad , Wallin Jonas , Rocklöv Joacim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

A majority of all infectious diseases manifest some climate-sensitivity. However, many of those sensitivities are not well understood as meteorological drivers of infectious diseases co-occur with other drivers exhibiting complex non-linear influences and feedback, making it hard to dissect their individual contributions. Here we apply a novel deep learning XAI compartment model with covariate drivers and dynamic feedback to predict and explain the dengue incidence across Sri Lanka. We compare a compartmental SEIR model to a deep learning model without a compartmental structure. We find the covariate compartmental hybrid model performs better and can describe drivers of the dengue spatiotemporal incidence over time. The strongest drivers in our model in order of importance are precipitation, socio-demographics, and normalized vegetation index. The novel method demonstrated can be used to leverage known infectious disease dynamics while accounting for the influence of other drivers and different population immunity contexts. The novel approach allows interpretations of the covariate influences and bridges the gap between dynamical compartmental and data driven dynamical models.
Mathematical modeling of osmotic membrane bioreactor process for oily wastewater treatment
Authors: Mohammed Hadeer Kadhim , Al-Alawy Ahmed Faiq , Abbas Talib Rashid , Al-Mosawi Ali I. , Salih Miqat Hasan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
To evaluate the disposal effluent from the Al-Daura refinery in Iraq, which comprises oily wastewater, a mathematical model has been developed for both forward osmosis (FO) and osmotic membrane bioreactor (OsMBR). The procedure is explained mathematically, accounting for both the concentration and polarization aspects. As a result of mathematical modeling, the water flux was determined by the osmotic pressure, the concentration, and the polarization of the feed and draw solutions. Based on traditional methods of predicting water flux using external and internal concentration polarizations, it is determined that water flux will occur in the first model (Model-1). To increase the accuracy of Model-1, the resistivity (K) of the solute has been modified to be independent of the diffusivity of the solute. The old model (Model-1) and the updated model (Model-2) overestimated water flux by 17 and 25%, respectively. It was possible to make a valid comparison between the experiment and theory based on the results of both experiments.
PROJETO CASULO E A EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL NO MUNICÍPIO DE JURUTI - PARÁ
Authors: Neves Lira Gecenilda , Maia da Costa Lucélida de Fátima 
Published: September 2024

O artigo “Projeto Casulo e a Educação Infantil no Município de Juruti” objetiva investigar as influências deste para a Educação Infantil do Município. Utilizou como bases teóricas as DCNEI para Educação Infantil, e como principais referências os autores: KUHLMANN Jr; ROSEMBERG; KRAMER; OLIVEIRA; entre outros. A pesquisa qualitativa utilizou a metodologia descritiva e contou com a participação de pais de ex-alunos, ex-professores, atuais professores e atual gestão das escolas. utilizou para a coleta de dados os documentos, entrevistas, relatórios institucionais e documentos escolares. A pesquisa foi realizada Casulo Bom Pastor, salientando contribuições para a consolidação da Educação Infantil no Município. Observou-se que o Projeto Casulo se deu diferente de outros Municípios. Conclui-se que as mudanças ocorridas no campo da Educação Infantil vieram a partir da compreensão das concepções de criança. sendo que a prática pedagógica hoje desenvolvida valoriza as vivências e experiências do cotidiano das crianças.
Biological Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds of Selaginella plana in Treating Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Singh Neeru , Singh Lubhan , Kumar Sokindra , Pandey Rupesh Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
The study is aimed to assess the plant bioactive compounds of Selaginella
plana in treating diabetic neuropathy. The plant components were assessed using ethanol as
the solvent.

Method:
A phytochemical screening was conducted to ascertain the existence of secondary metabolites
in the plant extracts. The efficacy of plant extract against neuropathic pain was determined
using plantar test and Von Frey filament stimulation. Biochemical tests were performed to
determine the level of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, HDL, CHO, LDL, Creatinine and Urea. The percentage
yield of ethanol and aqueous extract was 19.22 g and 15.76 g, respectively.

Result:
The ethanolic extract showed presence of most of the phytoconstituents like alkaloids,
flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, phytosterols, glycosides, proteins, and gum. Thus, ethanolic
extract was used for further studies. In contrast to disease induced rats, rats given the extract
chronically had a considerably shorter hind paw withdrawal latency. In STZ-induced diabetic
rats, the mechanical withdrawal threshold dramatically reduced mechanical allodynia after 7 days
by a dose of 400 mg/kg.

Conclusion:
The major findings of the study demonstrated that STZ-induced diabetic rats administered
leaf extract had reduced neuropathic pain. It can be concluded that S. plana may be used
as an alternative drug in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
Popular Skin-of-Color Dermatology Social Media Hashtags on TikTok From 2021 to 2022: Content Analysis
Authors: Kang Jeemin , Szeto Mindy D , Suh Lois , Olayinka Jadesola T , Dellavalle Robert P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
TikTok is a social media platform that can educate users about dermatology, but this longitudinal analysis of skin of color–related TikTok hashtags from 2021 to 2022 suggests that nondermatologist influencers continue to dominate content creation, highlighting the need for more participation from board-certified dermatologists to actively counter misinformation and address potential disparities in skin-of-color health care.
Characterization of Flower’s Color based on CHS Gene Structure in <i>Phalaenopsis</i> ‘OX Queen’ and <i>Dendrobium</i> ‘Cheddi Jagan’ Orchids
Authors: Hanifa Yumna Rahmadias , Gildantia Elke , Kasi Pauline Destinugrainy , Purwantoro Aziz , Semiarti Endang 
Published: September 2024

Orchids (Orchidaceae) are ornamental plants known for their high aesthetic value attributed to the shapes, colours, and fragrances of their flowers. Two types of hybrid orchids with attractive flowers, namely the Phalaenopsis 'OX Queen' orchid and the Dendrobium 'Cheddi Jagan' boast attractive flowers were used in this research, because of the beauty of its flower colour. The objective of this research is to characterise the morphology of flower colour and CHS (Chalcone Synthase) gene content that induces flower colour. The method used in this research analyzing the flower’s colour by using the RHS (Royal Horticultural Society) colour chart and molecular analysis by DNA genomic isolation and PCR amplification of gDNA for CHS gene specific primers. The results showed that purple colour is observed through the RHS, with P. 'OX Queen' coded as Deep Purple Pink (N73A) and D. 'Cheddi Jagan' coded as Strong Reddish Purple (N72C). The CHS gene can be amplified in P. ’OX Queen’ 1,287 bp and D. ’Cheddi jagan’ 3,731 bp. In both orchids, the results of amplification showed CHS motifs with conserved domains PLN03172 and PLN03170. The research results show that there is a significant difference in the morphology of the flowers of orchids. Purple colour is observed through the RHS, with P. 'OX Queen' coded as N73A and D. 'Cheddi Jagan' coded as N73C. The results showed that gDNA can be isolated by using CTAB method according to Murray and Thomson, and the CHS gene can be amplified by using CHS primers, resulting 1200 bp of P. 'OX Queen' and 2500 bp for D. 'Cheddi Jagan'. Through this study, preliminary data is expected to be obtained for future research, which is the formation of variegated flowers through editing the CRISPR/Cas9 genome in the CHS gene. This research is intended to support further studies on the formation of variegated flower patterns in P. 'OX Queen' and D. 'Cheddi Jagan’, focusing on the CHS gene using CRISPR/Cas9 technique.
Financial Reporting and Consumer Behavior
Authors: Noh Suzie , So Eric C. , Zhu Christina 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We show that financial reporting influences consumer behavior by drawing consumer attention to announcing firms. Analyzing global positioning system (GPS) data, we document upticks in foot traffic to firms’ commercial locations immediately following their earnings announcements. This increase is more pronounced for announcements with substantial media attention, fewer concurrent announcements, heightened internet search volume, and extreme stock price jumps and earnings surprises—indicating that announcement coverage impacts consumer behavior by capturing attention. Furthermore, foot traffic increases with positive earnings for firms offering durable goods, suggesting consumers respond to news about firms’ financial prospects. Consumer attention patterns increase revenues and advertising effectiveness, ultimately suggesting that financial reporting serves a marketing function.
Data Availability: All other data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: G10; G11; G12; G14; G40; G41.
Single-Plane Versus Synchronous Biplane Ultrasound Imaging During Vascular Access Procedures: Which Is Better and How Can We Improve?
Authors: Anderson Robert J. , Daxon Benjamin T. , Merren Michael P. 
Published: September 2024

Highlights
Biplane ultrasound imaging reduces need for probe manipulation during procedure. Providers note clinical benefit of biplane ultrasound imaging for vascular access. Biplane disadvantages include probe size, imaging quality, size of the screen. Thorough didactic and practical education is essential for biplane success.

Abstract

Background:
Use of ultrasound guidance for vascular access procedures is commonplace in inpatient and outpatient care settings. Standard ultrasound probes offer the operator a single-plane view, necessitating rotation of probe to attain dual complimentary views. This mechanical probe rotation increases technical difficulty of ultrasound use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of cannulation success and efficiency of a synchronous biplane ultrasound mode in ultrasound-guided arterial line placement as compared with a standard single-view ultrasound mode in the operating room setting.

Methods:
Patients scheduled for elective surgery in which a radial arterial catheter would be used for hemodynamic monitoring were approached for consent to this study. Patients were randomized to either undergo placement with single-plane view versus synchronous biplane view; outcomes were recorded. Providers were provided preprocedural ultrasound education as well as the option of a short hands-on experience; their level of experience was noted.

Results:
Placement time of a peripheral arterial catheter was longer and required more attempts to be successful using synchronous biplane imaging as compared with single-plane imaging across providers of all skill/experience levels. Subjectively, providers noted the benefit of synchronous biplane imaging in vascular access; however, disadvantages including probe size, quality of imaging, and size of the screen were noted.

Discussion:
Thorough education regarding the use and functionality of biplane synchronous imaging in vascular access is essential. Additional guided-practice time with experienced operators could also be helpful to overcome the challenges observed in this study.
The impact of pulmonary hypertension on the risk of early graft dysfunction in related kidney transplantation
Authors: Ibadov R. A. , Chernov D. A. , Ibragimov S. Kh. , Matkarimov Z. T. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Pulmonary hypertension is a common complication among patients with end-stage renal disease and has a significant impact on the outcome of kidney transplantation, including during kidney transplantation from a living related donor.Objective. To study the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension among patients with end-stage renal disease and to determine its impact on the development of early renal graft dysfunction.Material and methods. The study was based on the analysis of treatment results in 650 patients who underwent kidney transplantation from a living related donor. Depending on the graft function, 2 groups of patients were identified: group I consisting of patients with early renal graft dysfunction (n=82); group II (n=79) that included the patients with a primary graft function who were selected by demographic and clinical laboratory data statistically comparable to patients of group I (p>0.5). This allowed us to equalize the chances of achieving the study endpoint (early graft dysfunction). Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in all patients, with the calculation of the mean pulmonary artery pressure. The relative risk of early renal graft dysfunction was calculated depending on the presence of pulmonary hypertension and its severity.Results. Among group I patients, pulmonary hypertension was detected in 97.56% of cases (mean pulmonary artery pressure 48.26±18.63 mmHg), versus 86.08% in patients with a primary graft function (mean pulmonary artery pressure 31.92±16.11 mmHg) (p<0.001). The presence of mild pulmonary hypertension increased the relative risk of early graft dysfunction by 2.58 times (95% CI [0.698-9.547]; p=0.174), moderate by 3.18 times (95% CI [0.860-11.764]; p=0.064), severe by 5.91 times (95% CI [1.644-21.241]; p<0.001) compared with patients without pulmonary hypertension.Conclusions. When performing kidney transplantation from a living donor, the presence of severe pulmonary hypertension in the recipient is associated with an increased risk of early graft dysfunction. This suggests that pulmonary hypertension may be one of the modifiable risk factors for this complication.
Graft revascularization after a hepatic artery rupture inflicted by a stent
Authors: Grigorev S. E. , Novozhilov A. V. , Manukyan A. M. , Movsisyan M. O. , Grigoryev E. G. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Graft revascularization in deficient arterial blood flow is usually performed by X-ray endovascular stenting procedure and/or by reconstruction of vascular anastomosis. The most serious complication of catheter intervention is a hepatic artery rupture and the critical ischemia of the liver graft.Objective. To discuss the successful treatment of a hepatic artery rupture which occurred during X-ray endovascular revascularization of the liver graft.Case report. A 48-year-old female patient with advanced alveococcosis underwent orthotopic cadaveric liver transplantation. After restoring the blood flow, it was found to be of low-velocity with RI 0.4 in the common hepatic artery. The gastrointestinal duodenal and splenic arteries were ligated. On the second day, a relaparotomy was performed because of intraabdominal bleeding originated from the parenchyma of the 7th–8th segments. Bleeding was arrested. After 18 hours, a selective angiography revealed stenosis up to 90% in the native hepatic artery. After balloon predilatation, stenting was performed, which accidentally caused the artery rupture. The further treatment included relaparotomy and reanastomosing. The patient was discharged from hospital on Day 19 after transplantation.Conclusion. Low velocity blood flow in the hepatic artery did not meet an adequate level even after the ligation of the gastrointestinal duodenal and splenic arteries. We performed the reconstruction of anastomosis. Another possible approach could be a catheter revascularization. The decision should be made considering the specific disorders of regional blood flow, their origin, and the vascular anatomy. The rupture of the artery in the reported case was caused by disproportionate diameters of the stent and vessel.
Economic impact of mortality prediction by predictive model at first and second treatment for bovine respiratory disease
Authors: Heinen Lilli , White Brad J. , Larson Robert L. , Kopp Dannell , Pendell Dustin L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate a predictive model’s ability to determine cattle mortality following first and second treatment for bovine respiratory disease and to understand the differences in net returns comparing predictive models to the status quo.

METHODS
2 boosted decision tree models were constructed, 1 using data known at first treatment and 1 with data known at second treatment. Then, the economic impact of each outcome (true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative) was estimated using various market values to determine the net return per head of using the predictive model to determine which animals should be culled at treatment. This was compared to the status quo to determine the difference in net return.

RESULTS
The models constructed for the prediction of mortality performed with moderate accuracy (areas under the curve > 0.7). The economic analysis found that the models at a high specificity (> 90%) could generate a positive net return in comparison to status quo.

CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that predictive models may be a useful tool to make culling decisions and could result in positive net returns.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Bovine respiratory disease is the costliest health condition experienced by cattle on feed. Feedyard record-keeping systems generate vast amounts of data that could be used in predictive models to make management decisions. It is essential to understand the accuracy of predictions made via machine learning. However, the economic impact of implementing predictive models in a feedyard will influence adoption.