bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is There any Blood on my Hands? Deportation as a Crime of International Law
Authors: CHETAIL VINCENT 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe present article revisits international criminal law as a tool for sanctioning the most patent abuses against migrants. Although deportation is traditionally considered as an attribute of the state inherent to its territorial sovereignty, this prerogative may degenerate into an international crime. The prohibition of deportation has been a well-established feature of international criminal law since the Nuremberg trials following the Second World War. This prohibition has been further refined over the past 15 years by an extensive jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the International Criminal Court.Against such a background, this article demonstrates that, in some circumstances, deportation may amount to a war crime, a crime against humanity or even a crime of genocide, depending on the factual elements of the case and the specific requirements of the relevant crime. This article accordingly reviews the constitutive elements of each crime and transposes them into the context of migration control. It highlights in turn that, although its potential has been neglected by scholars and practitioners, international criminal law has an important role to play for domesticating the state's prerogative of deportation and infusing the rule of law into the field of migration. The article concludes that there are reasonable grounds for asserting that a crime against humanity would have been committed in the Dominican Republic and Australia with regard to their deportation policy.
Experimental Markets Using the Electronic Market Place (EMP)
Authors: Fackler Paul L. , McNew Kevin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA computer system for implementing electronic markets on networks of personal computers is described. The program allows a researcher or teacher to design market simulations to meet a variety of goals, and records a complete set of market activities for analysis. Illustrations of example markets are provided, and the classroom application of market simulations in teaching agricultural economics is discussed.
Measuring the Effects of U.S. Meat Trade on Consumers' Welfare
Authors: Huang Kuo S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA set of ordinary and inverse demand systems for U.S. quarterly meat consumption is estimated for use to measure the effects of U.S. meat trade on consumers' welfare. The approach is useful to incorporate all direct- and cross-commodity effects into price forecasting and the Hicksian compensating variation measurement.
Acreage Response Under Farm Programs for Major Southeastern Field Crops
Authors: Duffy Patricia A. , Shalishali Kasazi , Kinnucan Henry W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn expected utility model that includes output price and yield uncertainty was used to estimate cotton, com, and soybean acreage response equations for the Southeast. The model appeared to fit the soybean and corn data well, resulting in own-price elasticity estimates of 0.317 for com and 0.727 for soybeans. When applied to cotton acreage, however, the model did not yield satisfactory results. When elasticity was allowed to change over time, however, statistical results for the cotton equation improved, yielding an own-price elasticity of 0.915 at data means.
Noncompetitive Pricing and Exchange Rate Pass-Through in Selected U.S. and Thai Rice Markets
Authors: Yumkella K. K. , Unnevehr L. J. , Garcia P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA “pricing to market” international trade model is applied to U.S. and Thai rice exports to high and middle income countries that are continuous rice importers. These markets are characterized by strong quality preferences and highly inelastic demand, and thus exporters may exercise market power. Evidence of noncompetitive pricing either through price discrimination across destinations or through imperfect exchange rate pass-through is found in this small but growing segment of the international rice trade.
U.S. Cigarette Smoking and Health Warnings: New Evidence From Post World War II Data
Authors: Blaine Thomas W. , Reed Michael R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA framework was developed in order to specify a model for annual U.S. per capita consumption of cigarettes. Three separate time related variables were utilized to measure the effects of health related information regarding smoking. The empirical results from the post World War II data set reveal that while prices and income are important determinants of cigarette consumption, the estimates for both were in the inelastic range. The age distribution of the adult population is also an important variable. While the development of the filter tip has been successful in stimulating smoking, the low tar and nicotine innovation has not had a statistically significant effect. Health information has repeatedly produced substantial short and long run effects. Current consumption is falling at an annual rate of between 3 to 4 percent.
The Endowment Effect and WTA: A Quasi-Experimental Test
Authors: MacDonald H.F. , Bowker J.M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper reports a test of the endowment effect in an economic analysis of localized air pollution. Regression techniques are used to test the significance of perceived property rights on household WTP for improved air quality versus WTA compensation to forgo an improvement in air quality. Our experiment contributes to the research into the WTP/WTA divergence by providing a new basis for supporting the existence of an endowment effect. Our results are in contrast to recent work by Shogren et al. which supports the substitution proposition of Hanemann while rejecting the endowment effect.
Strategie Agribusiness Operation Realignment in the Texas Prison System
Authors: McCarl Bruce A. , Rister M. Edward , Ward Ruby , Long Charles R. , McCorkle Dean , Ziari Houshmand , Conner J. Richard , Sturdivant Allen W. , Thompson Troy N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMathematical programming-based systems analysis is used to examine the consequences of alternative operation configuration for the agricultural operations within the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Continuation versus elimination of the total operation as well as individual operating departments are considered. Methodology includes a firm systems operation model combined with capital budgeting and an integer programming based investment model. Results indicate the resources realize a positive return as a whole, but some enterprises are not using resources profitably. The integer investment model is found to be superior for investigating whether to continue multiple interrelated enterprises.
Evaluating Nature-based Tourism Using the New Environmental Paradigm
Authors: Jane Luzar E. , Diagne Assane , Gan Christopher , Henning Brenda R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNature-based tourism (NBT), alternatively known as ecotourism, is a rapidly expanding area in the tourism travel sector. States such as Louisiana with a well established urban-based tourism industry may have expansion opportunities through development of complementary nature-based tourism. This study analyzes the decision to participate in nature-based tourism and identifies factors, including attitudinal, that influence the decision to participate in NBT among Louisiana tourists.
An Empirical Investigation of Importance Ratings of Meat Attributes by Louisiana and Texas Consumers
Authors: Hui Jianguo , McLean-Meyinsse Patricia E. , Jones Dewitt 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study provides an empirical investigation of how consumers rate meat attributes. Results show an importance order for 12 selected meat attributes and reveal some relationships between the importance ratings and consumer's demographic or socioeconomic characteristics. The findings suggest that (1) the meat marketing strategy should focus on freshness, taste, and appearance; (2) nutritional attributes have become important factors in the meat purchasing decision of female, educated, and married consumers; (3) older, married, low-income, or non-white consumers still remain price conscious; and (4) USDA label has become an important symbol of meat quality and safety to older, female, Baptist, and high-income consumers.
Algorithmic Randomness and Measures of Complexity
Authors: Barmpalias George 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe survey recent advances on the interface between computability theory and algorithmic randomness, with special attention on measures of relative complexity. We focus on (weak) reducibilities that measure (a) the initial segment complexity of reals and (b) the power of reals to compress strings, when they are used as oracles. The results are put into context and several connections are made with various central issues in modern algorithmic randomness and computability.
A Genetic Study of Rheumatic Fever Clustering in Families
Authors: Honeyman Merton S. , Davis Eli 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe first-degree relations of 433 rheumatic propositi were examined for evidence of rheumatic fever (RF) or rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The families of 470 control propositi were examined in identical fashion. Of the total propositi, 378 propositi were matched with 378 control propositi for sex, age group, and ethnic community (European or Afro-Asian origin). Of 738 sibs of rheumatic propositi, 19.6% had RF or RHD and of 586 sibs of controls, 3.1% had RF or RHD (P<0.001).In the matched families 2,985 first-degree relations of the propositi were examined: 142 had RF and 141 had RHD, a total of 9.5%. In the members of the families of the rheumatic propositi 232 rheumatics were found in 1,486 first-degree relations (15.6%), while in the control families 51 rheumatics were found among 1,499 (3.4%).Comparisons and analyses were made of expected and observed numbers according to sibship size using the method of truncated analyses (Lenz-Hogben method). This analysis supported the hypothesis of a simple mendelian recessive inheritance. Unbiased estimates ofP, the population frequency of affected individuals, were consistent with the valueP= 0.25, expected for a mendelian recessive character. The rheumatic fever clustering in families in this study was compatible with a simple recessive mendelian inheritance.
Congenital van Bogaert-Bertrand Disease in a non-Jewish Family
Authors: Morcaldi L. , Salvati G. , Giordano G. G. , Guazzi G. C. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThree siblings were born of consanguineous parents (first cousins), two of which, our probands, affected by van Bogaert-Bertrand disease. Clinical diagnosis was made by cerebral biopsy of one of the two sisters.The genetic research ascertained a schizophrenic paternal cousin and a girl cousin showing neurotic character and epilepsy. One maternal sister died with a picture of progressive encephalopathy that could be similar to the one showed by our probands. In this family syphilis was present for three subsequent generations.The authors describe the essential symptoms of the disease and point out the present trend of biological research for the discovery of the supposed metabolic trouble.
Down's Syndrome with Familial G/G Translocation
Authors: Méhes K. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryCytogenetic examinations of a 7/12-year-old girl and her parents revealed a familial G/G translocation.46 chromosomes in the mitoses of the mongoloid child and only 45 chromosomes in those of the apparently normal father could be observed. The analysis of karyotypes revealed a balanced G/G translocation in the father and a G/G translocation mongolism in the probanda. Dermatoglyphic patterns of both the child and her father showed some features characteristic of Down's syndrome.The mother's karyotype proved to be normal (46, XX).
On a Case of Rare Chromosomal Aberration
Authors: Gedda L. , Calabresi F. , Porto G. Del , Porto-Mercuri A. Del , Alfieri A. , Torrioli-Riggio G. , Romei L. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe Authors report a case of translocation 21/21 in a woman who, after two miscarriages, gave birth to a mongoloid daughter — dead a few days after birth. The chromosomal aberration was present in 100% of the plates examined.Occasional chromosomal alterations, found in the patient's karyotype, might be held responsible of small phenotypic alterations. No alteration was found in the husband's karyotype.
Iléite de Crohn chez des Jumeaux univitellins
Authors: Crismer R. , Drèze Ch. , Dodinval P. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe authors report a case of regional ileitis (Crohn's disease) with an almost identical course in monozygotic twins. Monozygosity is determined by examination of many physical and serological characters.
Dégénérescence tapéto-rétinienne associée à un Syndrome hypolipidémique
Authors: François J. , De Blond R. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY1. A tapeto-retinal degeneration can be observed in association with a disturbance in the metabolism of the lipids.2. This fact gives a new argument in favor of the hypothesis that the tapeto-retinal degeneration is due to a metabolic alteration and more probably to an enzymatic disturbance in the sensorial epithelium of the retina.3. The investigations of Hooft et al (1962) demonstrate that it may be an insufficiency of the pyridine nucleotide coenzymes following a primary disturbance in the metabolism of tryptophane.4. In a case of pigmentary retinopathy, it is now indispensable to do a systematic blood examination both on the morphological and on the biochemical and metabolic point of view.
Sulle Anomalie Pigmentarie dell'occhio dette « Albinismo Oculare » ed ancora sopra il caso delle gemelle monozigotiche albine descritte da Hanhart
Authors: Gedda L. , Bérard-Magistretti S. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe Authors have studied a pair of MZ twins, both affected with ocular albinism, two boys—probably consanguineous—also affected with ocular albinism, a DZ opposite—sexed twin—pair with the male twin affected with ocular albinism and many relatives affected with localized or generalized pigment anomalies, and the female MZ twin-pair concordant as to total albinism, already described by Hanhart.The Autors criticise current classifications of hereditary albinism which do not accord themselves with the samples and which do not explain the phenogenesis of the disease. They suggest to classify the hereditary forms of albinism in two fundamental classes. In the first one would be included the cases of total and non-total albinism depending on an enzymopathy which alters the normal melanogenesis. In the second one would be included the cases in which the specific enzymes, tough normally present, encounter some local causes enhibiting their action. Cases nos. I and II of the present work would belong to the first class, while cases nos. III and IV would belong to the second one.
The Close Association of Endocrinology with Genetics in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Bauer Julius 
Published: July 2016

SummaryEndocrinology more than any other medical specialty requires consideration and cooperation of genetics. History of the rapid progress of clinical endocrinology in the last 50 years shows that human genetics has been lagging far behind endocrinology in clinical medicine. The psychologic reason seems to be the mechanistic trend of modern medicine and reluctance to use abstract logical thinking applied to material facts.
Genetic Counselling in X-Linked Eye Diseases
Authors: François J. , Leuven M. Th. Matton-Van , Vandenbulcke-Donck D. , Bie S. De 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe fundamental principles of genetic counselling in X-linked heredity are reviewed. As many as 18 X-linked eye diseases are described and discussed. These include diseases of the eye-ball, lens, retina, choroid, optic nerve, ocular muscles, and pigmentation, as well as the ocular manifestations of systemic skin or metabolic diseases.
Radiation induced chromosome aberrations in human foetal cells grown in vitro
Authors: Böök J. A. , Fraccaro M. , Fredga K. , Lindsten J. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe effect of ionizing radiation, from a 100 Curie Cobalt-60 source, on diploid human cells grown in vitro has been investigated.The analysed cell populations originated from foetal brain and lung tissue. Other known variations of this material were age and sex of the foetuses, primary and first transfer cultures.The effect was measured by recording post-metaphase chromosomal aberrations in cell cultures fixed and stained 24 and 48 hours after acute irradiation. “Spontaneous” aberration frequencies were determined in matched control cultures.Although conclusions must be guarded, in view of the insufficient knowledge of factors influencing human cell populations in vitro, our observations can be summarized, tentatively, in the following main points.1. The frequency of “spontaneous” aberrations appears to vary with respect to (a) differences between the individuals from whom the biopsies were taken, (b) tissue of origin whether within or between individuals and (c) the sex of the cultured cells.The qualified estimates of the overall averages of “spontaneous” aberrations were, (a) for the cell cultures derived from foetal lung 0.7 per cent (41/5,891 scored cells) and (b) for the cell cultures derived from foetal brain 2.5 per cent (21/851 scored cells).2. In the irradiated cell cultures which received doses varying from 9-136 rads of absorbed dose the number of aberrant post-metaphases per 100 cells per rad varied from 0.10-0.15 for cultures derived from lung tissue and from 0.19-0.37 for cultures derived from brain tissue, all at 24 hours after the acute dose. At 48 hours after irradiation the frequencies were somewhat lower but the same trends remained.3. The cell cultures derived from brain tissue appear to have a higher radio-sensitivity than those derived from lung tissue. Furthermore, a sexual dimorphism is suggested because, in all series of cultures, those composed of XY cells had a higher aberration frequency as compared to those with XX cells.4. The irradiation doubling dose (for definition, see p. 27) was estimated at 15-40 rads (cf. table 7).
Chromosomes and Natural Selection
Authors: Penrose L. S. 
Published: July 2016

Gene mutations can be lethal in their effects, they can be mildly disruptive and diminish individual fitness, they can be neutral or even slightly favourable. The same is true for chromosomal aberrations. Consequently, natural selection in populations can be set up by alterations in chromosomal structure just as it is by gene changes which affect the hereditary material of a species. There are, however, important differences in the manner by which selective effects are produced following the various kinds of spontaneous change.The present paper deals primarily with chromosomal changes but there are two ways in which selection may act on them. First, there is the immediate effect of an aberration upon the fitness of an individual who carries it and which leads to persistence or extinction of that particular aberration. Secondly, there is the less direct effect of an aberration upon the frequency of any gene which may be responsible for inducing it. Study of the immediate effects is comparable to the analysis of the behaviour of mutant genes in populations by classical methods (Fisher 1930, Wright 1931, Haldane 1932). Study of the second, less direct, process is comparable to the analysis of the behaviour of mutagenic genes (mutators).
Les conducteurs du gène del'atrophia gyrata chorioideae et retinaede Fuchs (anomalie d'Aider)
Authors: François J. , Barbier F. , Rouck A. De 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe authors have observed a case of “Fuchs' atrophia gyrata chorioideae et retinae” in a girl, 17 years old, who presents in the same time an Alder's anomaly (azurophilic granulations in the neutrophiles). This girl was born from an intermarriage: the parents are first cousins and present also an isolated Alder's anomaly, which is moreover found in other members of the family (8 members affected in 4 generations).These facts prove that Alder's anomaly can be transmitted in a dominant manner, which was not yet accepted till now, and also that the “Fuchs' atrophia gyrata chorioideae et retinae” probably represents the homozygous state of the gene of Alder's anomaly, the isolated presence of which permits to recognize the carriers of the gene of the atrophia gyrata.
Sindrome adrenogenitale ereditaria (Pseudoermafroditismo femminile) Effetti della surrenectomia parziale
Authors: Gatto I. , Grutta A. La 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYIn two sisters a female pseudohermaphroditism was found, due to constitutional hyperplasia of the adrenal glands. The typical alterations of external genitals already present at birth were associated with an early appearance of secondary sexual characters of the male type and exaggerated expulsion of the 17 urinary ketosteroids.There were signs of a deficiency of mineral-and glycogen-active hormones, but they were not such as to give clinic manifestations.In one of the patients the amputation of one third of both adrenal glands caused a transitory improvement.The familiality observed in these cases leads the authors to assume a hereditary transmission of the recessive type.
Genetic aspects of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and progressive bulbar paralysis
Authors: Haberlandt Walter F. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYIn this preliminary report the question of the inheritance of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is discussed. Through systematic search within the province of Westphalia and especially in the District of Münster, we found 251 index cases out of a population of about 250.000 neuro-psychiatric patients observed during the last 30 years. This material is being analysed from a clinical as well as from a genetic standpoint. The family study will be a basis for determination of the mode of inheritance. As for the sporadic cases of Charcot's disease, the effect of mutations must be taken into consideration.
Problemi di Genetica Oculistica: I. Sindrome malformativa ereditaria delfunduscon strabismo concordante e speculare in gemelle MZ
Authors: Gedda Luigi , Bérard-Magistretti Sandra 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe case of twin-sisters, 24 years old, showing congenital squint, that was corrected by surgery, hypermetropia and astigmatism is presented. The ophthalmoscopic examination revealed in one eye of both sisters, and specular-like, tortuosity of the retinal vessels, which in a subject is accompanied by twisted arteries in the vitreous body; in the other twin-sister an epipapillary membrane was observed, which is present in analogous form also in a single born brother. Furthermore, dystrophic lesions of the retina were present specular-like in both sisters. It is the first time that such a malformative syndrome is observed in concordant MZ twins.
Observations on the rare genesr′wandRzof the Rh-Hr allelic series
Authors: Wiener A. S. , Brancato G. J. , Gordon Eve B. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe history of the development of knowledge of the Rh-Hr types is briefly reviewed, with special reference to the theory of multiple allelic genes. It is pointed out that this theory has been confirmed by numerous statistical studies of the Rh-Hr types in the population as well as extensive studies on families. In addition to corroborating the genetic theory, the newer studies have disclosed the great complexity of this blood group system, so that as many as 20 allelic genes have been identified up to the present time. In the case of the more common genes there is ample direct evidence to verify the genetic theory, but observations on the rarer blood types are necessarily limited, so that the validity of the genetic theory, as it pertains to the rarer Rh genes, is based mainly on analogy. In this paper, two unusual families are recorded, which illustrate the hereditary transmission of the rare agglutinogens rh′wand Rhz. These observations serve to justify the inference that the rarer Rh genes are subject to the same laws of heredity as the more common alleles of the Rh-Hr allelic series.