bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PDLLA scaffolds with Cu‐ and Zn‐doped bioactive glasses having multifunctional properties for bone regeneration
Authors: Bejarano Julian , Detsch Rainer , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Palza Humberto 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNovel multifunctional scaffolds for bone regeneration can be developed by incorporation of bioactive glasses (BG) doped with therapeutic and antibacterial metal ions, such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), into a biodegradable polymer. In this context, porous composite materials of biodegradable poly(d,l‐lactide) (PDLLA) mixed with sol‐gel BG of chemical composition 60SiO2; 25CaO; 11Na2O; and 4P2O5(mol %) doped with either 1 mol % of CuO or ZnO, and with both metals, were prepared. The cytocompatibility of the scaffolds on bone marrow stromal cells (ST‐2) depended on both, the amount of glass filler and the concentration of metal ion, as evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, cell viability (water‐soluble tetrazolium salt [WST‐8]), and by cell morphology (scanning electron microscopy [SEM]) tests. In particular, scaffolds having a filler content of 10 wt % showed the highest cytocompatibility. In addition, compared to the neat polymer, the scaffolds containing Cu promoted the angiogenesis marker (Vascular endothelial growth factor concentration) to a larger extent while scaffolds containing Zn increased the osteogenesis marker (specific alkaline phosphatase‐activity). Noteworthy, the scaffolds with both metal ions showed a combined effect on both properties. Cu‐ and Zn‐doped glasses also provided higher antibacterial capacity to PDLLA‐based scaffolds against methicillin‐resistantS. aureusbacteria than undoped glass. In combination, our results showed that by a proper addition of Cu‐ and Zn‐doped BG to a PDLLA matrix, multifunctional composite scaffolds with enhanced biological activity can be designed for bone tissue regeneration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 746–756, 2017.
Load‐induced changes in the diffusion tensor of ovine anulus fibrosus: A pilot MRI study
Authors: Tourell Monique C. , Kirkwood Margaret , Pearcy Mark J. , Momot Konstantin I. , Little J. Paige 
Published: November 2016

PurposeTo assess the feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for evaluating changes in anulus fibrosus (AF) microstructure following uniaxial compression.Materials and MethodsSix axially aligned samples of AF were obtained from a merino sheep disc; two each from the anterior, lateral, and posterior regions. The samples were mechanically loaded in axial compression during five cycles at a rate and maximum compressive strain that reflected physiological conditions. DTI was conducted at 7T for each sample before and after mechanical testing.ResultsThe mechanical response of all samples in unconfined compression was nonlinear. A stiffer response during the first loading cycle, compared to the remaining cycles, was observed. Change in diffusion parameters appeared to be region‐dependent. The mean fractional anisotropy increased following mechanical testing. This was smallest in the lateral (2% and 9%) and largest in the anterior and posterior samples (17–25%). The mean average diffusivity remained relatively constant (<2%) after mechanical testing in the lateral and posterior samples, but increased (by 5%) in the anterior samples. The mean angle made by the principal eigenvector with the spine axis in the lateral samples was 73° and remained relatively constant (<2%) following mechanical testing. This angle was smaller in the anterior (55°) and posterior (47°) regions and increased by 6–16° following mechanical testing.ConclusionThese preliminary results suggest that axial compression reorients the collagen fibers, such that they become more consistently aligned parallel to the plane of the endplates.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1723–1735
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on carbon and nitrogen distribution and grain yield and nutritional quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Zhang Xue , Wang Li , Ma Fang , Yang Jixian , Su Meng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for nutrient uptake and growth in rice has been widely recognized. However, little is known about the distribution of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in rice under AMF inoculation, which can affect grain yield and quality. This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of C and N within rice plants under AMF inoculation and the effects on grain yield and quality.RESULTSAMF inoculation significantly increased N accumulation and distribution in vegetative tissues at tillering, and N translocation into seeds from heading to maturity. Consequently, AMF inoculation more strongly impacted the distribution of N than that of C in seeds, with significantly reduced C:N ratios and increased protein content (by 7.4%). Additionally, AMF inoculation significantly increased grain yield by 28.2% through increasing the grain:straw ratio by 18.4%. In addition, the roots of inoculated rice exhibited greater change in C distribution, with significantly higher C concentrations, C accumulations, and C:N ratios at tillering and maturity.CONCLUSIONAMF inoculation affected the distribution of N in seeds and C in roots. As such, AMF inoculation may be a potential method for improving grain yield and quality. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis of sudden low‐ and high‐frequency hearing loss
Authors: Choo Oak‐Sung , Yang Suk Min , Park Hun Yi , Lee Jong Bin , Jang Jeong Hun , Choi Seong Jun , Choung Yun‐Hoon 
Published: November 2016

Objectives/HypothesisWe compared the clinical characteristics between acute low‐ and high‐frequency hearing loss (LF and HF, respectively) patients, and the efficacy of three different treatment protocols (systemic steroids, intratympanic steroid injection, and combination therapy).Study DesignProspective, randomized controlled study.MethodsA total of 111 patients diagnosed with LF or HF were treated on an outpatient basis. Each group was randomly divided into three equal subgroups based on therapy: oral steroid, intratympanic dexamethasone injection (IT), and combination therapy. Hearing gain was estimated by comparing pre‐ and post‐treatment pure‐tone averages. Recovery rate was assessed by Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss from the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.ResultsIn comparison of chief complaints, ear fullness and hearing loss were more common in the LF and HF group, respectively (P = .033 and P = .001, respectively). Hearing recovery rates were significantly different between the two groups (i.e., 74.1% [40/54] in the LF group and 45.6% [26/57] in the HF group; P < .001). Oral steroid therapy was most effective in the LF group (P = .017). In the HF group, all three modalities showed similar results, although IT tended to be the most effective (P = .390).ConclusionsThere were differences in chief complaints and treatment responses between LF and HF patients. Although they showed similar partial damage in the cochlea, the pathophysiology of LF and HF may be quite different.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 127:1878–1884, 2017
An analytical approach on the tribological behaviour of pocketed slider bearings with boundary slip including cavitation
Authors: Muchammad M. , Tauviqirrahman Mohammad , Jamari J. , Schipper Dirk Jan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSlider bearing performance depends on the boundary conditions at the interface between the solid surfaces and the fluid. This paper presents the combined effect of pockets and boundary slip on the load support and friction of parallel sliding systems using analytical solutions for a simple pocketed bearing. The effect of cavitation was of particular interest with respect to the inlet suction mechanism. It was demonstrated that applying boundary slip in a pocketed slider bearing gives a reduction in load support compared with the textured bearing without wall slip. Adding slip over the whole surface could retard the presence of cavitation. The influence of boundary slip is explored, and was found to significantly affect the frictional behaviour. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Sulfonation Level on Sulfonated Aromatic Poly(ether sulfone) Membranes as Polymer Electrolyte for High‐Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Feng Shiyan , Sasaki Kazunari , Nishihara Masamichi 
Published: November 2016

Sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s (SPESs) are developed which have different sulfonation level as a polymer electrolyte membrane for high‐temperature operation. The sulfonation level of SPESs is calculated by 1H NMR, and the molecular structure and crystalline structure of SPESs are evaluated by Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray diffraction. SPES membranes are thermally stable up to 250 °C. SPES membranes can keep their shapes at 120 °C and 23%RH. Water uptake at 120 °C and 23%RH is 5.7–6.4 wt%, while Nafion 212 shows 2.4 wt%. Proton conductivity measurements of SPESs are carried out from 30 to 120 °C at different relative humidity. With increasing sulfonation level of SPES, proton conductivity increases in all humidity. The proton conductivity obtained from all SPESs is more than 100 mS cm–1 at 120 °C in high humidity (>90%RH), and high‐sulfonation SPES shows higher conductivities than Nafion 212 at 120 °C, 20%RH.
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bmp15l, figla, smc1bl, and larp6l are preferentially expressed in germ cells in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Authors: Kleppe Lene , Edvardsen Rolf Brudvik , Furmanek Tomasz , Andersson Eva , Juanchich Amélie , Wargelius Anna 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYAtlantic salmon is a valuable commercial aquaculture species that would benefit economically and environmentally by controlling precocious puberty and preventing escapees from reproducing with wild populations. One solution to both these challenges is the production of sterile individuals by inhibiting the formation of germ cells, but achieving this requires more information on the specific factors that control germ cell formation. Here, we identified and characterized novel factors that are preferentially expressed in Atlantic salmon germ cells by screening for gonad‐specific genes using available adult multi‐tissue transcriptomes. We excluded genes with expression in tissues other than gonads based on quantity of reads, and then a subset of genes was selected for verification in a multi‐tissue PCR screen. Four gonad‐specific genes (bmp15l, figla, smc1bl, and larp6l) were chosen for further characterization, namely: germ cell specificity, investigated by comparing mRNA abundance in wild‐type and germ cell‐free gonads by quantitative real‐time PCR, and cellular location, visualized by in situ hybridization. All four genes were expressed in both testis and ovary, and preferentially within the germ cells of both sexes. These genes may be essential players in salmon germ cell development, and could be important for future studies aiming to understand and control reproduction. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 76–87, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early Impacts of the Affordable Care Act on Health Insurance Coverage in Medicaid Expansion and Non‐Expansion States
Authors: Courtemanche Charles , Marton James , Ukert Benjamin , Yelowitz Aaron , Zapata Daniela 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) aimed to achieve nearly universal health insurance coverage in the United States through a combination of insurance market reforms, mandates, subsidies, health insurance exchanges, and Medicaid expansions, most of which took effect in 2014. This paper estimates the causal effects of the ACA on health insurance coverage in 2014 using data from the American Community Survey. We utilize difference‐in‐difference‐in‐differences models that exploit cross‐sectional variation in the intensity of treatment arising from state participation in the Medicaid expansion and local area pre‐ACA uninsured rates. This strategy allows us to identify the effects of the ACA in both Medicaid expansion and non‐expansion states. Our preferred specification suggests that, at the average pre‐treatment uninsured rate, the full ACA increased the proportion of residents with insurance by 5.9 percentage points compared to 2.8 percentage points in states that did not expand Medicaid. Private insurance expansions from the ACA were due to increases in both employer‐provided and non‐group coverage. The coverage gains from the full ACA were largest for those without a college degree, non‐whites, young adults, unmarried individuals, and those without children in the home. We find no evidence that the Medicaid expansion crowded out private coverage.
Entropic measures of Rydberg‐like harmonic states
Authors: Dehesa Jesús S. , Toranzo Irene V. , Puertas‐Centeno David 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Shannon entropy, the desequilibrium and their generalizations (Rényi and Tsallis entropies) of the three‐dimensional single‐particle systems in a spherically symmetric potential V(r) can be decomposed into angular and radial parts. The radial part depends on the analytical form of the potential, but the angular part does not. In this article, we first calculate the angular entropy of any central potential by means of two analytical procedures. Then, we explicitly find the dominant term of the radial entropy for the highly energetic (i.e., Rydberg) stationary states of the oscillator‐like systems. The angular and radial contributions to these entropic measures are analytically expressed in terms of the quantum numbers which characterize the corresponding quantum states and, for the radial part, the oscillator strength. In the latter case, we use some recent powerful results of the information theory of the Laguerre polynomials and spherical harmonics which control the oscillator‐like wavefunctions.
Magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2/Pd and Fe3O4@SiO2/Pd‐M (M=Ag, Cu and Zn) Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of Phenylacetylene
Authors: Yang Lei , Chen Xiangling , Zhou Zhiming , Zhang Rui , Li Li , Cheng Zhenmin , Fang Xiangchen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMagnetic core‐shell monometallic Fe3O4@SiO2/Pd and bimetallic Fe3O4@SiO2/Pd−M (M=Ag, Cu and Zn) catalysts with low Pd loading were prepared using a modified Stöber method followed by an ion‐exchange technique, and applied to the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene. The structure and magnetism of the catalysts were investigated using N2 physisorption, XRD, FT‐IR, ICP‐OES, H2‐TPR, CO chemisorption, DRIFTS, HRTEM and vibrating sample magnetometer. The characterization results showed that the magnetic catalyst had smaller Pd particle size than the non‐magnetic catalyst; the thinner the silica shell of the magnetic catalyst, the stronger the magnetic intensity and hence the smaller the Pd particle size; the PdM alloy was formed for bimetallic catalysts and geometric and electronic effects occur. By comparing the activity and selectivity of different catalysts, it was found that the catalyst with smaller Pd particle size generally exhibited a higher apparent activity and selectivity to styrene but a lower specific activity, demonstrating the structure‐sensitive catalytic activity for selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene on the magnetic Pd supported catalysts. In addition, all the bimetallic catalysts displayed higher selectivity but lower activity than the monometallic catalysts as a result of the presence of the PdM alloy. In particular, a Fe3O4@SiO2/Pd−Zn catalyst with the shell thickness of about 80 nm and the Pd and Zn loadings of 0.31 and 1.79 wt%, respectively, showed the best selectivity to styrene, being 86.1 % at above 99.5 % conversion of phenylacetylene. Furthermore, this catalyst maintained its activity and selectivity even after being reused ten times.
Flexible formwork technologies – a state of the art review
Authors: Hawkins Will J. , Herrmann Michael , Ibell Tim J. , Kromoser Benjamin , Michaelski Alexander , Orr John J. , Pedreschi Remo , Pronk Arno , Schipper H. Roel , Shepherd Paul , Veenendaal Diederik , Wansdronk René , West Mark 
Published: November 2016

AbstractConcrete is the most widely used construction material. Worldwide consumption of cement, the strength‐giving component in concrete, is now estimated to be 4.10 Gt per year, having risen from 2.22 Gt just 10 years ago. This rate of consumption means that cement manufacture alone is estimated to account for 5.2 % of global carbon dioxide emissions.Concrete offers the opportunity to create structures with almost any geometry economically. Yet its unique fluidity is seldom capitalized upon, with concrete instead being cast in rigid, flat moulds to create non‐optimized geometries that result in structures with a high material usage and large carbon footprints. This paper will explore flexible formwork construction technologies that embrace the fluidity of concrete to facilitate the practical construction of concrete structures with complex and efficient geometries.This paper presents the current state of the art in flexible formwork technology, highlighting practical uses, research challenges and new opportunities.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Programs Improve Patient Outcomes and Recovery: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Lau Christine S. M. , Chamberlain Ronald S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs have been developed to improve patient outcomes, accelerate recovery after surgery, and reduce healthcare costs. ERAS programs are a multimodal approach, with interventions during all stages of care. This meta‐analysis examines the impact of ERAS programs on patient outcomes and recovery.MethodsA comprehensive search of all published randomized control trials (RCTs) assessing the use of ERAS programs in surgical patients was conducted. Outcomes analyzed were length of stay (LOS), overall mortality, 30‐day readmission rates, total costs, total complications, time to first flatus, and time to first bowel movement.ResultsForty‐two RCTs involving 5241 patients were analyzed. ERAS programs significantly reduced LOS, total complications, and total costs across all types of surgeries (p < 0.001). Return of gastrointestinal (GI) function was also significantly improved, as measured by earlier time to first flatus and time to first bowel movement, p < 0.001. There was no overall difference in mortality or 30‐day readmission rates; however, 30‐day readmission rates after upper GI surgeries nearly doubled with the use of ERAS programs (RR = 1.922; p = 0.019).ConclusionsERAS programs are associated with a significant reduction in LOS, total complications, total costs, as well as earlier return of GI function. Overall mortality and readmission rates remained similar, but there was a significant increase in 30‐day readmission rates after upper GI surgeries. ERAS programs are effective and a valuable part in improving patient outcomes and accelerating recovery after surgery.
Performance of Image Classification on Hyperspectral Imagery for Lithological Mapping
Authors: Rani Nisha , Mandla Venkata Ravibabu , Singh Tejpal 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
SVM and SAM classifiers for the lithological mapping using Hyperion data in parts of Gadag schist belt of western Dharwar craton, Karnataka, India were used. The main objective of the present study is to assess and compare the potential use of Hyperion data set for lithological mapping. Accuracy assessment of the derived thematic maps was based on the analysis of the confusion matrix statistics computed for each classification map. For consistency, the same set of validation points were used in evaluating the accuracy of the lithological thematic maps produced. On the basis of the accuracy assessment results, it appears that SVM generally outperformed the SAM classifier in both OA accuracy and individual classes’ accuracies. OA accuracy and Kc for SVM is 96.93% and 0.9655, whereas for SAM it is 74.02% and 0.7085 respectively. SVM classification is the best in describing the spatial distribution and the cover density of each lithology, as was also indicated from the statistics of the individual class results. The individual class accuracy were also analyzed for the SVM and the result show that PA ranges from 87% to 100% and UA ranges from 91% to 100%, whereas for SAM ranges from 15% to 95%, and from 31% to 100% respectively. The SVM method could effectively classify and improve on the existing geological map for the Gadag schist belt (GSB) using hyperspectral data. The results could be validated through field visits. Therefore, it is concluded that hyperspectral remote sensing data can be efficiently used to improve existing maps, especially in areas where same rock types show variable degree of alteration over smaller spatial scales.
Digital Image Processing of Multispectral ASTER Imagery for Delineation of Alteration and Related Clay Minerals in Sakoli Belt: Maharashtra – A Case Study
Authors: Ghosh Uday Kumar , Naik K. K. , Kesari M. P. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
The extraction of spectral signature through remote sensing data in geological studies is very limited in Indian terrain. The present research is an attempt to delineate alteration and associated minerals using high resolution multispectral advanced space borne thermal emission and reflection (ASTER) data in Sakoli volcano-sedimentary sequence. The alteration zones are generally associated with certain types of mineral and mineral aggregates and are localized in the ground that can be mapped remotely using spectral mapping techniques. The band ratio and selective PCT were applied on calibrated ASTER image to extract spectral signature of index mineral. The results showed that high abundance of these minerals within pixels is corresponding to the alteration zones. The field observation, petrography and XRD analysis of the alteration zones confirmed the presence of dominant mineral phases that were identified remotely.
Iron deficiency anemia in the emergency department: over-utilization of red blood cell transfusion and infrequent use of iron supplementation
Authors: Spradbrow Jordan , Lin Yulia , Shelton Dominick , Callum Jeannie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesThree are no clinical practice guidelines that specifically address the management of patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in the emergency department (ED). The goal of this study was to describe the characteristics of IDA patients who present to the ED, documentation of IDA by emergency physicians, utilization of iron supplementation, and the appropriateness of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions ordered in the ED.MethodsA retrospective medical chart review was performed of IDA patients who visited the ED of a large tertiary center over a three-month period. Appropriateness of RBC transfusion was determined using a novel algorithm developed by our institution.ResultsOver the study period, there was a 0.3% (49/14,394) prevalence of IDA in the ED. In thirty (30/49; 61%) patients, IDA was documented by an emergency physician. RBC transfusions were administered to 19 patients; 10 transfusions (53%) were appropriate, 3 (16%) were appropriate for indication, but more than the required number of units were ordered, and 6 (32%) were inappropriate. Of the patients discharged, one (1/25; 4%) patient received intravenous iron in the ED and 6 of the 11 patients (55%) that were not already taking oral iron received a prescription at discharge from the ED.ConclusionsThis assessment demonstrated that management of IDA patients presenting to the ED may represent an important knowledge-to-practice gap. It revealed that RBC transfusion may be over-utilized and could be replaced by safer, lower-cost alternatives such as intravenous and oral iron. Guidelines for management of IDA in the ED may be necessary to achieve consistent IDA management and avoid inappropriate use of RBC transfusion.