bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in Peptidoglycan Cross-Linking Suppress the Secretin Assembly Defect Caused by Mutation of GspA in the Type II Secretion System
Authors: Vanderlinde Elizabeth M. , Strozen Timothy G. , Hernández Sara B. , Cava Felipe , Howard S. Peter 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

In Gram-negative bacteria, the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall is a significant structural barrier for outer membrane protein assembly. In
Aeromonas hydrophila
, outer membrane multimerization of the type II secretion system (T2SS) secretin ExeD requires the function of the inner membrane assembly factor complex ExeAB. The putative mechanism of the complex involves the reorganization of PG and localization of ExeD, whereby ExeA functions by interacting with PG to form a site for secretin assembly and ExeB forms an interaction with ExeD. This mechanism led us to hypothesize that increasing the pore size of PG would circumvent the requirement for ExeA in the assembly of the ExeD secretin. Growth of
A. hydrophila
in 270 mM Gly reduced PG cross-links by approximately 30% and led to the suppression of secretin assembly defects in
exeA
strains and in those expressing ExeA mutants by enabling localization of the secretin in the outer membrane. We also established a heterologous ExeD assembly system in
Escherichia coli
and showed that ExeAB and ExeC are the only
A. hydrophila
proteins required for the assembly of the ExeD secretin in
E. coli
and that ExeAB-independent assembly of ExeD can occur upon overexpression of the
d
,
d
-carboxypeptidase PBP 5. These results support an assembly model in which, upon binding to PG, ExeA induces multimerization and pore formation in the sacculus, which enables ExeD monomers to interact with ExeB and assemble into a secretin that both is inserted in the outer membrane and crosses the PG layer to interact with the inner membrane platform of the T2SS.

IMPORTANCE
The PG layer imposes a strict structural impediment for the assembly of macromolecular structures that span the cell envelope and serve as virulence factors in Gram-negative species. This work revealed that by decreasing PG cross-linking by growth in Gly, the absolute requirement for the PG-binding activity of ExeA in the assembly of the ExeD secretin was alleviated in
A. hydrophila
. In a heterologous assembly model in
E. coli
, expression of the carboxypeptidase PBP 5 could relieve the requirement for ExeAB in the assembly of the ExeD secretin. These results provide some mechanistic details of the ExeAB assembly complex function, in which the PG-binding and oligomerization functions of ExeAB are used to create a pore in the PG that is required for secretin assembly.
Comprehensive Transcriptome and Mutational Profiling of Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma Reveals EBV Type–Specific Differences
Authors: Kaymaz Yasin , Oduor Cliff I. , Yu Hongbo , Otieno Juliana A. , Ong'echa John Michael , Moormann Ann M. , Bailey Jeffrey A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is the most common pediatric cancer in malaria-endemic equatorial Africa and nearly always contains Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), unlike sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (sBL) that occurs with a lower incidence in developed countries. Given these differences and the variable clinical presentation and outcomes, we sought to further understand pathogenesis by investigating transcriptomes using RNA sequencing (RNAseq) from multiple primary eBL tumors compared with sBL tumors. Within eBL tumors, minimal expression differences were found based on: anatomical presentation site, in-hospital survival rates, and EBV genome type, suggesting that eBL tumors are homogeneous without marked subtypes. The outstanding difference detected using surrogate variable analysis was the significantly decreased expression of key genes in the immunoproteasome complex (PSMB9/β1i, PSMB10/β2i, PSMB8/β5i, and PSME2/PA28β) in eBL tumors carrying type 2 EBV compared with type 1 EBV. Second, in comparison with previously published pediatric sBL specimens, the majority of the expression and pathway differences was related to the PTEN/PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway and was correlated most strongly with EBV status rather than geographic designation. Third, common mutations were observed significantly less frequently in eBL tumors harboring EBV type 1, with mutation frequencies similar between tumors with EBV type 2 and without EBV. In addition to the previously reported genes, a set of new genes mutated in BL, including TFAP4, MSH6, PRRC2C, BCL7A, FOXO1, PLCG2, PRKDC, RAD50, and RPRD2, were identified. Overall, these data establish that EBV, particularly EBV type 1, supports BL oncogenesis, alleviating the need for certain driver mutations in the human genome.
Implications: Genomic and mutational analyses of Burkitt lymphoma tumors identify key differences based on viral content and clinical outcomes suggesting new avenues for the development of prognostic molecular biomarkers and therapeutic interventions. Mol Cancer Res; 15(5); 563–76. ©2017 AACR.
On the genus Gallorhynchus Schockaert &amp; Brunet, 1971 (Platyhelminthes, Kalyptorhynchia, Polycystididae) with the description of four new species
Authors: SCHOCKAERT ERNEST R. , TESSENS BART S. , GOBERT STEFAN , REVIS NATHALIE , ARTOIS TOM J. 
Published: January 2017

A comprehensive overview is given of the representatives of the taxon Gallorhynchus Schockaert & Brunet, 1971: the two known species G. simplex and G. mediterraneus of Schockaert & Brunet, 1971, Syltorhynchus schockaerti Noldt, 1989, which is transferred to the taxon Gallorhynchus, and four new species, G. elegans n.sp., G. faroensis n.sp., G. genista n.sp. and G. bidaformis n.sp.. G. schockaerti occurs in the North Sea; all other species were found in the western Mediterranean and in south Portugal.
The intersection of interpersonal and self-directed violence among general adult, college student and sexually diverse samples
Authors: Cramer Robert J , Desmarais Sarah L , Johnson Kiersten L , Gemberling Tess M , Nobles Matt R , Holley Sarah R , Wright Susan , Van Dorn Richard 
Published: January 2017

Background: Suicide and interpersonal violence (i.e. victimization and perpetration) represent pressing public health problems, and yet remain mostly addressed as separate topics. Aims: To identify the (1) frequency and overlap of suicide and interpersonal violence and (2) characteristics differentiating subgroups of violence-related experiences. Methods: A health survey was completed by 2,175 respondents comprised of three groups: college students ( n = 702), adult members of a sexuality special interest organization ( n = 816) and a community adult sample ( n = 657). Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups characterized by violence experiences; logistic regression was used to identify respondent characteristics differentiating subgroups. Results: Overall rates of violence perpetration were low; perpetration, victimization and self-directed violence all varied by sample. Adults with alternative sexual interests reported high rates of victimization and self-directed violence. Analyses indicated two subgroups: (1) victimization + self-directed violence and (2) self-directed violence only. The victimization + self-directed violence subgroup was characterized by older, White, female and sexual orientation minority persons. The self-directed violence subgroup was characterized by younger, non-White, male and straight counterparts engaging with more sexual partners and more frequent drug use. Conclusion: Findings support the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition of suicide as self-directed violence. Suicide intervention and prevention should further account for the role of violent victimization by focusing on the joint conceptualization of self-directed and interpersonal violence. Additional prevention implications are discussed.
A Large Community Outbreak of Legionnaires’ Disease Associated With a Cooling Tower in New York City, 2015
Authors: Weiss Don , Boyd Christopher , Rakeman Jennifer L. , Greene Sharon K. , Fitzhenry Robert , McProud Trevor , Musser Kimberlee , Huang Li , Kornblum John , Nazarian Elizabeth J. , Fine Annie D. , Braunstein Sarah L. , Kass Daniel , Landman Keren , Lapierre Pascal , Hughes Scott , Tran Anthony , Taylor Jill , Baker Deborah , Jones Lucretia , Kornstein Laura , Liu Boning , Perez Rodolfo , Lucero David E. , Peterson Eric , Benowitz Isaac , Lee Kristen F. , Ngai Stephanie , Stripling Mitch , Varma Jay K. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: Infections caused by Legionella are the leading cause of waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. We investigated a large outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease in New York City in summer 2015 to characterize patients, risk factors for mortality, and environmental exposures. Methods: We defined cases as patients with pneumonia and laboratory evidence of Legionella infection from July 2 through August 3, 2015, and with a history of residing in or visiting 1 of several South Bronx neighborhoods of New York City. We describe the epidemiologic, environmental, and laboratory investigation that identified the source of the outbreak. Results: We identified 138 patients with outbreak-related Legionnaires’ disease, 16 of whom died. The median age of patients was 55. A total of 107 patients had a chronic health condition, including 43 with diabetes, 40 with alcoholism, and 24 with HIV infection. We tested 55 cooling towers for Legionella, and 2 had a strain indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis from 26 patient isolates. Whole-genome sequencing and epidemiologic evidence implicated 1 cooling tower as the source of the outbreak. Conclusions: A large outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease caused by a cooling tower occurred in a medically vulnerable community. The outbreak prompted enactment of a new city law on the operation and maintenance of cooling towers. Ongoing surveillance and evaluation of cooling tower process controls will determine if the new law reduces the incidence of Legionnaires’ disease in New York City.
The Youth Mood Clinic: an innovative service for the treatment of severe and complex depression
Authors: Rice Simon M , Halperin Steve , Cahill Sara , Cranston Ingrid , Phelan Mark , Hetrick Sarah E , Blaikie Simon , Edwards Jane , Koutsogiannis John , Davey Christopher G 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Depression is the leading cause of disability for Australians from late adolescence through mid-adulthood, and effective treatments can positively impact subsequent life course trajectories. A treatment model for the management of complex youth depression, characterised by symptom severity, multi-morbidity and ongoing suicidality is presented. Conclusions: The Youth Mood Clinic (YMC) provides multidisciplinary, team-based treatment for young people aged 15–25 years. The YMC model utilises a phased treatment approach, drawing on elements of cognitive and interpersonal psychotherapy embedded within case management and psychiatry review. Particular attention is given to developmental factors, engagement, assessment, suicide risk, caregiver input and pharmacotherapy. Key tasks of the YMC treatment phases are outlined, reflecting initial stages, recovery planning and treatment, continuation, consolidation and future planning.
Special population – child and adolescent psychotherapy
Authors: Halasz George 
Published: January 2017

Objectives:First, to outline the paradigm change of the past 20 years that has transformed the theory and practice of child and adolescent psychodynamic psychotherapy; second, to update aspects of the current Practice Parameters for Psychodynamic Psychotherapy with Children to align with the paradigm change driven by the principles of regulation theory, relational trauma and repair, and the critical need for clinicians’ self-care in trauma informed psychotherapy.Conclusion:The emerging neuroscience-driven paradigm of psychotherapy poses challenges for the child and adolescent psychotherapist: to embrace the new conceptual reference points as organising principles leads to an urgent need to rethink traditional diagnostic formulations and time-honoured techniques for intervention. Our child patients and their families are entitled to benefit from the translation of the new research evidence from attachment regulation theory to clinical psychotherapy. Our clinical psychotherapy should sustain the ‘best-interest-of-the-child’ standards for well-being while also heeding Frances Tustin’s warning for therapists to avoid the ‘perpetuation of an error’ by overlooking recent developments from allied fields in developmental psychology and the neurosciences.
The value of a registrar psychotherapy post to psychiatry training
Authors: Feiler Gabriel , O’Loughlin Denis , Koh Eugen , Beatson Josephine , Harari Ed 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: This paper describes the psychotherapy registrar position developed at St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne in response to the Australian Government’s Specialist Training Position initiative of 2009. This impressionistic piece outlines features of the registrar’s clinical work, supervision and professional development. This paper will focus on: 1) the history of the position; 2) its developmental function embedded within the clinical responsibilities of the role; 3) how this position is different from the existing Royal and Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatry psychotherapy training requirements; and 4) infrastructure issues of the position. Conclusions: This psychotherapy registrar position is a novel role that provides an opportunity to work in an intensive and sustained way with patients and within multidisciplinary teams whilst being supported by supervision and a rich teaching milieu. It offers experience of psychotherapeutic work not usually available in public mental health services. It thus assists the development of psychotherapeutic skills that are likely to enhance the future practice of those undertaking the role.
Navigating through the Competency Based Fellowship Program: two trainees’ experience of the 2012 program
Authors: Evans Lois , Suetani Shuichi 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: This article discusses the real-life experience of two senior registrars who are approaching the end of their training under the 2012 Competency Based Fellowship Program. We have shared some practical tips to assist trainees in completing the Program, with particular emphasis on examination preparation. Conclusion: Whilst stressful at times, we believe that going through the Competency Based Fellowship Program has helped us build our knowledge, skills base, and expertise for practising psychiatry as consultants.
Chondroprotection in Models of Cartilage Injury by Raising the Temperature and Osmolarity of Irrigation Solutions
Authors: Eltawil Noha M. , Ahmed Saima , Chan Luke H. , Simpson A. Hamish R. W. , Hall Andrew C. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives During arthroscopic or open joint surgery, articular cartilage may be subjected to mechanical insults by accident or design. These may lead to chondrocyte death, cartilage breakdown and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. We have shown that increasing osmolarity of routinely used normal saline protected chondrocytes against injuries that may occur during orthopedic surgery. Often several liters of irrigation fluid are used during an orthopedic procedure, which is usually kept at room temperature, but is sometimes chilled. Here, we compared the effect of normal and hyperosmolar saline solution at different temperatures on chondrocyte viability following cartilage injury using in vitro and in vivo models of scalpel-induced injury. Design Cartilage injury was induced in bovine osteochondral explants and the patellar groove of rats in vivo by a single pass of a scalpel blade in the presence of normal saline (300 mOsm) or hyperosmolar saline solution (600 mOsm, sucrose addition) at 4°C, 21°C, or 37°C. Chondrocytes were fluorescently labeled and visualized by confocal microscopy to assess cell death. Results Hyperosmolar saline reduced scalpel-induced chondrocyte death in both bovine and rat cartilage by ~50% at all temperatures studied (4°C, 21°C, 37°C; P < 0.05). Raising temperature of both irrigation solutions to 37°C reduced scalpel-induced cell death ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Increasing the osmolarity of normal saline and raising the temperature of the irrigation solutions to 37°C reduced chondrocyte death associated with scalpel-induced injury in both in vitro and in vivo cartilage injury models. A hyperosmolar saline irrigation solution at 37°C may protect cartilage by decreasing the risk of chondrocyte death during mechanical injury.
A tale of two power transitions: Capabilities, satisfaction, and the will to power in the relations between the United Kingdom, the United States, and Imperial Germany
Authors: Rauch Carsten 
Published: January 2017

Given the current redistributions in the global balance of power, power transition theory (PTT) has once again become an important intellectual factor. Many observers employing PTT are anxious about China’s ascendance and expect serious conflicts between Washington and Beijing in the coming years. Such skepticism, however, is problematic for three reasons. First, it is false theoretically; PTT does not claim that all rising powers will resort to war or that all power transitions will result in war. Second, it is false empirically; not all power transitions in history have resulted in Great Power wars. Third, it leads to flawed policy advice; if rising powers are not always dissatisfied and do not always challenge the status quo, then policies meant to oppose them might breed dangerous dissatisfaction in the first place.This article amends PTT by adding a variable, the “will to power” (WTP), that captures the willingness of rising powers to commit themselves to changing the status quo. Furthermore, it scrutinizes two historical power transition constellations (United Kingdom–United States and United Kingdom–Imperial Germany). In both cases the new variable is consistent with the outcome and particularly in the United Kingdom–United States case the WTP variable broadens our understanding by making it possible to see this relationship as “missed” or “eschewed” instead of as a peaceful power transition. Doing so extends the power transition dichotomy to a much more complex and realistic typology of power transition constellations.
Prevalence and clinical implications of nerve injury during bone patellar tendon bone harvesting for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Haviv Barak , Yassin Mustafa , Rath Ehud , Bronak Shlomo 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: Tendon harvesting for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction often injure sensory branches of the saphenous nerve (SN). Our purpose was to estimate the prevalence and postoperative course of sensory nerve injuries in bone patellar tendon bone (BPTB) autograft harvesting for ACL reconstruction. Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, patients who had primary ACL with BPTB autograft were included ( n = 60) and interviewed specifically for sensory loss and its recovery. The surface area of sensory loss was documented. Evaluation also included demographic details, level of activity, and description of postoperative sensation disturbances. Results: The mean postoperative follow-up time was 24 ± 14 months. At the last follow-up, 46 (77%) patients reported on postoperative reduced sensation; however, only 35 (58%) remained with sensation loss. The most involved region of reduced sensation was of the infrapatellar branch of the SN. Three patients claimed they regret to have had the surgery specifically because of sensation loss and kneeling difficulties, while all others did not. Conclusion: Primary ACL reconstruction using the midline incision for harvesting the middle third of the patellar tendon autograft has a high prevalence of sensory nerve injury with a minor possibility for complete recovery within the first year. However, sensory loss secondary to this injury does not impair normal daily activities in these patients.
Continuous ACL graft, results
Authors: Díaz Jorge Luis , Vega Marcelo , Matesevach Ivan 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: describe our technique using hamstring graft that respects the proximal continuity of Semitendinosus and uses the superior biological potential of the distal periosteum., preserving and stressing the ST reinforce the retropulsión and dynamic control of external rotation of the knee. Here the technique, results, difficulties and foundations. Methods: The sample of this research was composed of 229 cases operated between 01/03/97 and 01/03/13 in Arthroscopy Private Center., 166 male and 63 female, the postop follow-up was 86 months. Evaluated with IKDC, Lysholm, Hamstring EMG. Comparative histology study in rabbits. Results: IKDC and Lysholm score showed 93% of very good results. Conclusion: Dynamic ACL reconstruction achieves a static-dynamic stabilization of the knee. Grafts have a plus in their biological potential (proximal continuity - osteo-periosteal insertion of the tendons in the femoral tunnel). The hamstring maintains its functionality (EMG). 93% satisfactory results (IKDC, Lysholm). It is a valid surgical option in ACL injuries.
Management of medial compartment knee arthritis with unicompartimental arthroplasty: our experience
Authors: Ramos Pablo , Arteaga Gonzalo , Vargas Medardo 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: the purpose of this presentation is to review the indications and benefits for the use of the Unicompartimental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA) for the treatment of the anteromedial osteoarthritis of the knee, and to make an early report of our series. Methods: 37 UKA were performed by our group between 2013 y 2016, as a first experience, with 22 male patients and 15 females. The limit ages were 28 and 85 years. All received a Vangard PFR System (Zimmer Biomet Warsaw In). Results: All the patients reported a better life quality, and the main difference that we noticed is the subjective feeling that the operated knee felt “like own” by the patients, which is consistent with the fact that the ligaments were intact, even in the 6 cases where we performed an ACL reconstruction, (although we know that the stable knee is a known prerequisite for this kind of surgery). Conclusion: The unicondilar knee replacement is a technically demanding procedure that requires a careful patient selection and a steep learning curve, but even in this short series, we agree with most of the recent papers that state the benefits of the UKA, and we are looking to start a prospective series of cases to evaluate the outcomes with functional scores.