bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Christian Forum
Authors: Gribben Robert , Miller Larry 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Among the trends of world Christianity is the growth of ‘new churches’, mostly evangelical or Pentecostal in character. Few of these have any real contact with historic Protestant traditions, let alone with other members of the World Council of Churches. The question for the ecumenical movement, in which most of the historic churches are engaged, is: how to invite these new bodies into the global conversation? How might they contribute to the political, ethical, and community concerns facing people of faith? One answer has been the development, through the Global Christian Forum, of an ‘open space’ in which emerging churches might judge for themselves their need for and degree of participation with other Christians in facing realities such as discrimination and persecution, and in addressing issues in mission such as proselytism. This chapter traces the development of the Forum and considers its nature and its working principles.
The Political Economy of Growth and Development in India
Authors: Corbridge Stuart , Harriss John , Jeffrey Craig 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article examines two puzzling trends that have characterized India’s economic growth. The first is how and why the political economy of development in India discarded an earlier model of import-substitution industrialization that was widely supported by the country’s dominant proprietary groups. The second is why, despite India’s economic success, poor people have remained mired in extreme poverty compared to China and some other countries in East and Southeast Asia. The article begins by looking at India’s economic development between 1950 and 1980 and then turns to economic reforms pursued by various governments. It also considers some of the factors that led India to embrace a more concerted agenda of pro-market reforms in the 1990s, including the economic crisis of 1990–1991 and elite politics.
A nonpharmacologic approach to managing insomnia in primary care
Authors: Taylor Kelsey , Bilan Nataliya , Tsytsyna Nadzeya , Mandel Ellen D. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Insomnia, or inadequate or poor sleep leading to significant distress or impairment in functioning, is a prevalent disorder treated by primary care providers (PCPs). With millions of people across the United States suffering from insomnia, PCPs must understand the disorder's pathophysiology, perpetuating factors, and treatment, as well as its effect on patient health and the economy. Although PCPs traditionally treat insomnia with pharmaceuticals, behavioral measures are effective and should be used whenever possible. This article reviews clinically relevant principles of diagnosing and treating insomnia, highlighting nonpharmacologic treatments.
Functional genomics of stromal cells in chronic inflammatory diseases
Authors: Slowikowski Kamil , Wei Kevin , Brenner Michael B. , Raychaudhuri Soumya 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
Stroma is a broad term referring to the connective tissue matrix in which other cells reside. It is composed of diverse cell types with functions such as extracellular matrix maintenance, blood and lymph vessel development, and effector cell recruitment. The tissue microenvironment is determined by the molecular characteristics and relative abundances of different stromal cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes, and mesenchymal precursor cells. Stromal cell heterogeneity is explained by embryonic developmental lineage, stages of differentiation to other cell types, and activation states. Interaction between immune and stromal cell types is critical to wound healing, cancer, and a wide range of inflammatory diseases. Here, we review recent studies of inflammatory diseases that use functional genomics and single-cell technologies to identify and characterize stromal cell types associated with pathogenesis.

Recent findings
High dimensional strategies using mRNA sequencing, mass cytometry, and fluorescence activated cell-sorting with fresh primary tissue samples are producing detailed views of what is happening in diseased tissue in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Fibroblasts positive for CD90 (Thy-1) are enriched in the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Single-cell RNA-seq studies will lead to more discoveries about the stroma in the near future.

Summary
Stromal cells form the microenvironment of inflamed and diseased tissues. Functional genomics is producing an increasingly detailed view of subsets of stromal cells with pathogenic functions in rheumatic diseases and cancer. Future genomics studies will discover disease mechanisms by perturbing molecular pathways with chemokines and therapies known to affect patient outcomes. Functional genomics studies with large sample sizes of patient tissues will identify patient subsets with different disease phenotypes or treatment responses.
Robot-Assisted Ventral Mesh Rectopexy for Rectal Prolapse: A 5-Year Experience at a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: van Iersel Jan J. , Formijne Jonkers Hendrik A. , Paulides Tim J.C. , Verheijen Paul M. , Draaisma Werner A. , Consten Esther C.J. , Broeders Ivo A.M.J. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND:
Laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy is being increasingly performed internationally to treat rectal prolapse syndromes. Robotic assistance appears advantageous for this procedure, but literature regarding robot-assisted ventral mesh rectopexy is limited.

OBJECTIVE:
The primary objective of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of robot-assisted ventral mesh rectopexy in the largest consecutive series of patients to date.

DESIGN:
This study is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of prospectively collected data.

SETTINGS:
The study was conducted in a tertiary referral center.

PATIENTS:
All of the patients undergoing robot-assisted ventral mesh rectopexy for rectal prolapse syndromes between 2010 and 2015 were evaluated.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Preoperative and postoperative (mesh and nonmesh) morbidity and functional outcome were analyzed. The actuarial recurrence rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

RESULTS:
A total of 258 patients underwent robot-assisted ventral mesh rectopexy (mean ± SD follow-up = 23.5 ± 21.8 mo; range, 0.2 – 65.1 mo). There were no conversions and only 5 intraoperative complications (1.9%). Mortality (0.4%) and major (1.9%) and minor (<30 d) early morbidity (7.0%) were acceptably low. Only 1 (1.3%) mesh-related complication (asymptomatic vaginal mesh erosion) was observed. A significant improvement in obstructed defecation (78.6%) and fecal incontinence (63.7%) were achieved for patients (both p < 0.0005). At final follow-up, a new onset of fecal incontinence and obstructed defecation was induced or worsened in 3.9% and 0.4%. The actuarial 5-year external rectal prolapse and internal rectal prolapse recurrence rates were 12.9% and 10.4%.

LIMITATIONS:
This was a retrospective study including patients with minimal follow-up. No validated scores were used to assess function. The study was monocentric, and there was no control group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Robot-assisted ventral mesh rectopexy is a safe and effective technique to treat rectal prolapse syndromes, providing an acceptable recurrence rate and good symptomatic relief with minimal morbidity. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A427.
Crohn’s Disease of the Pouch: A True Diagnosis or an Oversubscribed Diagnosis of Exclusion?
Authors: Lightner Amy L. , Fletcher Joel G. , Pemberton John H. , Mathis Kellie L. , Raffals Laura E. , Smyrk Thomas 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND:
After IPAA, 8% of patients with ulcerative colitis are later diagnosed with Crohn’s disease of the pouch, associated with an increased rate of pouch failure. No study has reported on how often the clinical diagnosis is correlated with histologic findings of Crohn’s disease in the excised pouch.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the clinical diagnosis is consistent with pathologic confirmation at pouch excision.

SETTINGS:
The study was conducted at a tertiary IBD referral center.

PATIENTS:
Patients with chronic ulcerative colitis who underwent pouch excision for presumed Crohn’s disease of the pouch were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Preoperative evaluation and pathologic variables at the time of pouch excision were measured.

RESULTS:
A total of 35 patients underwent pouch excision for Crohn’s disease of the pouch based on a combination of clinical, radiographic, and endoscopic findings. Seven (20%) had surgical pathology consistent with Crohn’s disease at pouch excision. There were no differences in those 7 patients and the remaining 28 in terms of diagnosis at colectomy, primary pouch symptoms, prepouch inflammation, ulceration, or granulomas at endoscopy. In the nonpathology-confirmed Crohn’s disease, 40% (n = 11) had an anastomotic leak at time of IPAA versus 0% in the Crohn’s disease group, and 86% (n = 24) had symptoms of pouch dysfunction within 5 months of ileostomy reversal versus 13 months in the Crohn’s disease group. Of 28 without pathology-confirmed Crohn’s disease, 100% (n = 28) were treated with antibiotics, 68% (n = 19) with steroids, 59% (n = 16) with immunomodulators, and 57% (n = 15) with biologic therapy for Crohn’s disease of the pouch.

LIMITATIONS:
The study was limited by its single-center scope and lack of an established definition for Crohn’s disease of the pouch.

CONCLUSIONS:
Pathologic confirmation of Crohn’s disease was given to only one fifth of patients who underwent pouch excision for Crohn’s disease of the pouch. Given the histologic variability in Crohn’s disease, it may be unreasonable to expect histologic confirmation in every case; still, the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease of the pouch may be overly ascribed, resulting in unnecessary immunosuppressive medications and exclusion from consideration for pouch reconstructive surgery. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCRA432.
Reactivation and Dissemination of Tuberculosis to Extrapulmonary Sites in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Garcia Reicelle D. , Nanjappa Sowmya , Casanas Beata C. , Rihana Nancy , Greene John N. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The increased utilization of immunosuppressive, antineoplastic agents in patients with hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients impairs humoral and cellular immunity. As a result, susceptibility to infectious diseases, including reactivation/development of tuberculosis and its dissemination to extrapulmonary sites, is a serious concern. Tuberculosis dissemination to extrapulmonary sites can mimic both clinical and radiological presentations of other etiologic agents. Thus, early diagnosis is often challenging. We present 3 cases of tuberculosis infection, of which 2 disseminated to extrapulmonary sites in patients with hematologic malignancies, along with literature review, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and differential diagnosis.
Reflections on 50 Years of Neuroscience Nursing: Publication Trends in Neurotrauma
Authors: McNett Molly , Keiser Megan , Douglas Heather , McNair Norma D. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
In 2018, the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses will celebrate its 50th anniversary as the premier member organization for neuroscience nurses. In recent decades, one of the highest rated member benefits has been the ability for members to join special focus groups (SFGs). The SFGs were initiated to allow an avenue for information sharing and communication for neuroscience nurses in a variety of subspecialties. In this anniversary edition, the neurotrauma SFG presents a review of trends in the publication of articles in the Journal of Neuroscience Nursing related to neurotrauma. Findings from this article illustrate how these publications have impacted the nursing care of patients who have sustained traumatic injuries of the central and peripheral nervous system and the integral role of neuroscience nurses throughout the decades.
Decline of Low-Frequency Hearing in People With Ski-Slope Hearing Loss; Implications for Electrode Array Insertion
Authors: Schuurbiers Jasper , Dingemanse Gertjan , Metselaar Mick 
Published: October 2017

Hypothesis:
The decline of low-frequency hearing in people with ski-slope hearing loss varies and might depend on etiology.

Background:
People with ski-sloping hearing loss might benefit from cochlear implantation with preservation of residual hearing. To reduce the risk of losing low-frequency hearing after implantation, the electrode-array can be inserted partially up to the desired frequency. That, however, obstructs electrical stimulation of lower frequencies. To decide between complete or partial insertion, knowledge regarding the natural decline of low-frequency hearing is helpful.

Methods:
Patients with at least two ski-slope audiograms over time were selected. We calculated progression at lower frequencies for 320 patients. Etiologies for hearing loss were retrieved from medical records. Progression of hearing loss was analyzed separately for patients with uni- and bilateral hearing losses. Relative progression of hearing loss was obtained by comparing progression to a reference group.

Results:
Average progression of PTA was 1.73 dB/yr and was not significantly different in the bilateral and unilateral group. Etiologies that did not show significantly more progression compared with the reference group could be identified as single or short-lasting pathologic events, whereas long-lasting conditions had significant more progression of PTA.

Conclusion:
Patients with a ski-slope hearing loss that was caused by a single or short-lasting event have low progression rate and are viable for partial insertion to minimize the risk of damaging residual low-frequency hearing. In the absence of such an event, complete insertion should be considered because faster than normal deterioration of low-frequency hearing over time will probably limit the advantage of preservation of residual hearing.
Pediatric Calvarial Bone Thickness in Patients With and Without Aural Atresia
Authors: Tomlinson Andrew R. , Hudson Michael L. , Horn Karl L. , Bell Erin M. , Petersen Timothy R. , Kraai Tania L. 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To compare temporal bone thickness along a three-dimensional arc of potential osseointegrated implant sites for bone-anchored hearing aids in children with and without aural atresia using computed tomographic imaging (CT).

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Tertiary children's hospital.

Patients:
Children with or without aural atresia aged less than 11 years who had a temporal bone CT.

Intervention (s):
Calvarial bone volume on CT was rendered in three-dimensional and thickness was reconstructed and measured at up to 12 defined sites along an arc of recommended implant sites.

Main Outcome Measure (s):
Determining whether a majority of observed potential implant sites have 2, 3, or 4 mm of bone thickness while controlling for age differences and atresia status.

Results:
A total of 40 atretic (from 34 patients) and 34 control (from 34 patients) temporal bones were compared using CT. Likelihood ratio tests indicated that diagnosis did not have a statistically significant effect on whether patients reached thresholds of 2, 3, or 4 mm at most observed sites (p = 0.781, 0.773, and 0.529, respectively) when adjusting for age. For all children measured, 93% had >50% of measured points greater than or equal to 2 mm thick.

Conclusion:
Most children had greater than 2 mm of temporal bone thickness at >50% of the sites measured regardless of age or atresia diagnosis. The likelihood of reaching 4 mm of thickness at most sites improves with age. In unilateral patients, there was not a significant difference in thickness between affected and unaffected sides. There was also no significant difference in thickness when comparing patients with atresia to those without.
Dizziness Handicap Inventory Score Is Highly Correlated With Markers of Gait Disturbance
Authors: Zanotto Damiano , Mamuyac Erin M. , Chambers Adam R. , Nemer John S. , Stafford John A. , Agrawal Sunil K. , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To evaluate the association between Dizziness Handicap Inventory—Screening version (DHI-S) score and spatiotemporal gait parameters using SoleSound, a newly developed, inexpensive, portable footwear-based gait analysis system.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional.

Patients:
One hundred eighteen patients recruited from otology clinic.

Intervention(s):
Subjects completed the DHI-S survey and four uninterrupted walking laps wearing SoleSound instrumented footwear on a hard, flat surface for 100 m.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
For each subject, mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of stride length, cadence, walking speed, foot-ground clearance, double-support time, swing period, and stance-to-swing were computed by considering 40 strides of steady-state walking within each lap. Linear regression models were employed to study correlations between these variables and DHI-S scores after adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Results:
Patients with higher DHI-S score took shorter steps and less steps per minute (−0.017 m and −1.1 steps/min per every four-point increase in DHI-S score, p < 0.05) than patients with a lower DHI-S score, with slower walking speed (−0.025 m/s per every four-point increase in DHI-S score, p < 0.01). Additionally, patients with higher DHI-S scores showed larger variability in all analyzed temporal parameters (+0.1% for CV of cadence, +0.5% for CV of double support period, +0.2% for CV of swing period, and +0.4% for CV of stance-to-swing, per every four-point increase in DHI-S score, p < 0.01).

Conclusion:
SoleSound was effective in measuring a wide range of gait parameters. Patients’ self-perception of vestibular handicap, as assessed with DHI-S, is associated with deterioration in measurable gait parameters independent of age.
A Pilot Study to Increase the Efficiency of HIV Outreach Testing Through the Use of Timely and Geolocated HIV Viral Load Surveillance Data
Authors: Jennings Jacky M. , Schumacher Christina , Perin Jamie , Myers Tanya , Fields Nathan , Greiner Safi Amelia , Chaulk Patrick 
Published: October 2017

Background
Eliminating HIV transmission in a population necessitates identifying population reservoirs of HIV infection and subgroups most likely to transmit. HIV viral load is the single most important predictor of HIV transmission. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate whether a public health practice pilot project based on community viral load resulted in increases in the proportion of time spent testing in high viral load areas (process measure) and 3 outcome measures—the number and percent of overall HIV diagnoses, new diagnoses, and high viral load positives—in one mid-Atlantic US city with a severe HIV epidemic.

Methods
The evaluation was conducted during three, 3-month periods for 3 years and included the use of community viral load, global positioning system tracking data, and statistical testing to evaluate the effectiveness of the pilot project.

Results
The proportion of time spent outreach testing in high viral load areas (69%–84%, P < 0.001) and the overall number and percent of HIV positives ((60 (3%) to 127 (6%), P < 0.001) significantly increased for 3 years. The number and percent of new diagnoses (3 (0.1%) to 6 (0.2%)) and high viral load positives (5 (0.2%) to 9 (0.4%)) increased, but the numbers were too small for statistical testing.

Discussion
These results suggest that using community viral load to increase the efficiency of HIV outreach testing is feasible and may be effective in identifying more HIV positives. The pilot project provides a model for other public health practice demonstration projects.
Creating Innovative Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Options for University Students: The Impact of an STI Self-testing Program
Authors: Habel Melissa A. , Brookmeyer Kathryn A. , Oliver-Veronesi Robin , Haffner Michelle M. 
Published: October 2017

Background
National-level data suggest that sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing rates among young adults are low. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of an STI self-testing program at a university health center. Few evaluations on the acceptability of collegiate self-testing programs and their effect on testing uptake have been conducted.

Methods
To assess acceptability and uptake of self-testing (urine and self-collected vaginal swab), we conducted a brief self-administered survey of students accessing a large US-based university health center from January to December 2015.

Results
In 2015, University Health Services experienced a 28.5% increase in chlamydia (CT)/gonorrhea (GC) testing for male individuals and 13.7% increase in testing for female students compared to 2013 (baseline). In 2015, 12.4% of male students and 4.8% of female students tested positive for CT/GC via clinician testing, whereas 12.9% of male students and 12.4% of female students tested positive via self-testing. Female students were more likely to test positive for CT/GC when electing to test via self-test versus a clinician test (χ
2(1, N = 3068) = 36.54, P < 0.01); no significant difference in testing type was observed for male students. Overall, 22.5% of students who opted for the self-test option completed the acceptability survey; 63% reported that their main reason for testing was unprotected sex. In the past year, 42% reported 4 or more partners. The majority were very satisfied and likely to use the service again (82%).

Conclusions
Self-testing may be an efficient and effective way to provide STI testing for students and increase testing uptake. Self-reports of multiple partners, unprotected sex, and detected infections suggest that at-risk students are using the service.
Incidence of Wrong-Site Surgery List Errors for a 2-Year Period in a Single National Health Service Board
Authors: Geraghty Alistair , Ferguson Lorna , McIlhenny Craig , Bowie Paul 
Published: October 2017

Introduction
Wrong-site/side surgical “never events” continue to cause considerable harm to patients, healthcare professionals, and organizations within the United Kingdom. Incidence has remained static despite the mandatory introduction of surgical checklists. Operating theater list errors have been identified as a regular contributor to these never events. The aims of the study were to identify and to learn from the incidence of wrong-site/side list errors in a single National Health Service board.

Methods
The study was conducted in a single National Health Service board serving a population of approximately 300,000. All theater teams systematically recorded errors identified at the morning theater brief or checklist pause as part of a board-wide quality improvement project. Data were reviewed for a 2-year period from May 2013 to April 2015, and all episodes of wrong-site/side list errors were identified for analysis.

Results
No episodes of wrong-site/side surgery were recorded for the study period. A total of 86 wrong-site/side list errors were identified in 29,480 cases (0.29%). There was considerable variation in incidence between surgical specialties with ophthalmology recording the largest proportion of errors per number of surgical cases performed (1 in 87 cases) and gynecology recording the smallest proportion (1 in 2671 cases). The commonest errors to occur were “wrong-side” list errors (62/86, 72.1%).

Discussion
This is the first study to identify incidence of wrong-site/site list errors in the United Kingdom. Reducing list errors should form part of a wider risk reduction strategy to reduce wrong-site/side never events. Human factors barrier management analysis may help identify the most effective checks and controls to reduce list errors incidence, whereas resilience engineering approaches should help develop understanding of how to best capture and neutralize errors.