bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-Training Muscle Characteristics of Subjects Who Are Obese Determine How Well Exercise Training Will Improve Their Insulin Responsiveness
Authors: Stuart Charles A. , Lee Michelle L. , South Mark A. , Howell Mary E.A. , Cartwright Brian M. , Ramsey Michael W. , Stone Michael H. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Stuart, CA, Lee, ML, South, MA, Howell, MEA, Cartwright, BM, Ramsey, MW, and Stone, MH. Pre-training muscle characteristics of subjects who are obese determine how well exercise training will improve their insulin responsiveness. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 798–808, 2017—Only half of prediabetic subjects who are obese who underwent exercise training without weight loss increased their insulin responsiveness. We hypothesized that those who improved their insulin responsiveness might have pretraining characteristics favoring a positive response to exercise training. Thirty nondiabetic subjects who were obese volunteered for 8 weeks of either strength training or endurance training. During training, subjects increased their caloric intake to prevent weight loss. Insulin responsiveness by euglycemic clamps and muscle fiber composition, and expression of muscle key biochemical pathways were quantified. Positive responders initially had 52% higher intermediate muscle fibers (fiber type IIa) with 27% lower slow-twitch fibers (type I) and 23% lower expression of muscle insulin receptors. Whether after weight training or stationary bike training, positive responders' fiber type shifted away from type I and type IIa fibers to an increased proportion of type IIx fibers (fast twitch). Muscle insulin receptor expression and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression increased in all trained subjects, but these moderate changes did not consistently translate to improvement in whole-body insulin responsiveness. Exercise training of previously sedentary subjects who are obese can result in muscle remodeling and increased expression of key elements of the insulin pathway, but in the absence of weight loss, insulin sensitivity improvement was modest and limited to about half of the participants. Our data suggest rather than responders being more fit, they may have been less fit, only catching up to the other half of subjects who are obese whose insulin responsiveness did not increase beyond their pretraining baseline.
Dorsal Medial Habenula Regulation of Mood-Related Behaviors and Primary Reinforcement by Tachykinin-Expressing Habenula Neurons
Authors: Hsu Yun-Wei A. , Morton Glenn , Guy Elizabeth G. , Wang Si D. , Turner Eric E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAnimal models have been developed to investigate aspects of stress, anxiety, and depression, but our understanding of the circuitry underlying these models remains incomplete. Prior studies of the habenula, a poorly understood nucleus in the dorsal diencephalon, suggest that projections to the medial habenula (MHb) regulate fear and anxiety responses, whereas the lateral habenula (LHb) is involved in the expression of learned helplessness, a model of depression. Tissue-specific deletion of the transcription factor Pou4f1 in the dorsal MHb (dMHb) results in a developmental lesion of this subnucleus. These dMHb-ablated mice show deficits in voluntary exercise, a possible correlate of depression. Here we explore the role of the dMHb in mood-related behaviors and intrinsic reinforcement. Lesions of the dMHb do not elicit changes in contextual conditioned fear. However, dMHb-lesioned mice exhibit shorter immobility time in the tail suspension test, another model of depression. dMHb-lesioned mice also display increased vulnerability to the induction of learned helplessness. However, this effect is not due specifically to the dMHb lesion, but appears to result fromPou4f1haploinsufficiency elsewhere in the nervous system.Pou4f1haploinsufficiency does not produce the other phenotypes associated with dMHb lesions. Using optogenetic intracranial self-stimulation, intrinsic reinforcement by the dMHb can be mapped to a specific population of neurokinin-expressing habenula neurons. Together, our data show that the dMHb is involved in the regulation of multiple mood-related behaviors, but also support the idea that these behaviors do not reflect a single functional pathway.
An Introduction to a Head and Neck Cancer-Specific Frailty Index and Its Clinical Implications in Elderly Patients: A Prospective Observational Study Focusing on Respiratory and Swallowing Functions
Authors: Kwon Minsu , Kim Shin-Ae , Roh Jong-Lyel , Lee Sang-Wook , Kim Sung-Bae , Choi Seung-Ho , Nam Soon Yuhl , Kim Sang Yoon 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Introduction.
Frailty refers to a decreased physiologic reserve in geriatric patients and its importance in terms of treatment planning and outcome prediction has been emphasized in oncologic practices for older patients with cancer. We investigated the clinical implications of a head and neck cancer (HNC)-specific frailty index suggested by prospective clinical and functional evaluations of HNC patients.

Materials and Methods.
We analyzed data on 165 elderly patients with HNC who were prospectively enrolled in our hospital from 2010 to 2013. Pretreatment functional evaluations were performed according to all comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) domains. We additionally evaluated the patients’ respiratory and swallowing functions using pulmonary function tests, voice handicap index (VHI), MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), and other associated tests. Factors affecting the 2-year morbidity and mortality were also analyzed.

Results.
Respiratory and swallowing problems were major causes of 2-year morbidity. Pretreatment performance status, VHI ≥8, MDADI &lt;70, dental problems, and chemotherapy were significantly associated with early morbidity and mortality (all p &lt; .05). CGA-assessed frailty was found in 72 patients (43.6%) and was significantly associated with 2-year mortality (p = .027) but not with morbidity (p = .716). The high-risk group according to our new HNC-specific frailty index that included functional evaluations of respiration and swallowing showed significantly higher 2-year morbidity (p = .043) and mortality (p &lt; .001).

Conclusion.
Pretreatment functional disabilities related to respiration and swallowing were significantly associated with early morbidity and mortality. The suggested index would be more useful for assessing frailty in elderly HNC patients.
Palbociclib in Combination With Fulvestrant in Women With Hormone Receptor-Positive/HER2-Negative Advanced Metastatic Breast Cancer: Detailed Safety Analysis From a Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Study (PALOMA-3)
Authors: Verma Sunil , Bartlett Cynthia Huang , Schnell Patrick , DeMichele Angela M. , Loi Sherene , Ro Jungsil , Colleoni Marco , Iwata Hiroji , Harbeck Nadia , Cristofanilli Massimo , Zhang Ke , Thiele Alexandra , Turner Nicholas C. , Rugo Hope S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background.
Palbociclib enhances endocrine therapy and improves clinical outcomes in hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Because this is a new target, it is clinically important to understand palbociclib’s safety profile to effectively manage toxicity and optimize clinical benefit.

Materials and Methods.
Patients with endocrine-resistant, HR-positive/HER2-negative MBC (n = 521) were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive fulvestrant (500 mg intramuscular injection) with or without goserelin with oral palbociclib (125 mg daily; 3 weeks on/1 week off) or placebo. Safety assessments at baseline and day 1 of each cycle included blood counts on day 15 for the first 2 cycles. Hematologic toxicity was assessed by using laboratory data.

Results.
A total of 517 patients were treated (palbociclib, n = 345; placebo, n = 172); median follow-up was 8.9 months. With palbociclib, neutropenia was the most common grade 3 (55%) and 4 (10%) adverse event; median times to onset and duration of grade ≥3 episodes were 16 and 7 days, respectively. Asian ethnicity and below-median neutrophil counts at baseline were significantly associated with an increased chance of developing grade 3–4 neutropenia with palbociclib. Dose modifications for grade 3–4 neutropenia had no adverse effect on progression-free survival. In the palbociclib arm, febrile neutropenia occurred in 3 (&lt;1%) patients. The percentage of grade 1–2 infections was higher than in the placebo arm. Grade 1 stomatitis occurred in 8% of patients.

Conclusion.
Palbociclib plus fulvestrant treatment was well-tolerated, and the primary toxicity of asymptomatic neutropenia was effectively managed by dose modification without apparent loss of efficacy. This study appears at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01942135.
Formação do Psicólogo Brasileiro: impasses e desafios
Authors: Albanese Luciana 
Published: July 2016

Este artigo, realizado sob a perspectiva dos Estudos Baseados na Prática (EBP),objetiva refletir sobre a formação do psicólogo brasileiro com base em pesquisas junto a estudantes e professores de Psicologia de duas universidades da região sul do país. Os instrumentos utilizados consistiram em grupos focais, entrevistas semiestruturadas e um grupo de discussão. O método de tratamento empregado foi a Análise de Conteúdo. Como resultados mais significativos destacaram-se nos discursos analisados: a multiplicidade teórica da Psicologia; a falta de unidade da ciência e da profissão; e o distanciamento entre teoria e prática. Tais dados, ao serem confrontados com a Resolução nº 5 do Conselho Nacional de Educaçãodo Ministério de Educação e com as diretrizes do Conselho Federal de Psicologia, evidenciam os principais impasses encontrados no ensino da Psicologia no país.Sinalizam os obstáculos mais relevantes a ser superados a fim de que a formação universitária contribua, efetivamente, para a construção da identidade profissional e para a consolidação da Psicologia como campo de saber e profissão comprometidos com a promoção da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, grupos, organizações e comunidades.Palavras chaves: formação universitária; multiplicidade teórica da psicologia; currículo de Psicologia; identidade profissional; articulação teoria-prática. Abstract:Formation of the Brazilian Psychologist: impasses and challengesThis article, written from the perspective of Practice-Based Studies (PBS) aims to think over the training of Brazilian Psychologists based on surveys taken by students and Psychology professors from two universities located in the south of the country. The research instruments used were focus groups, semi-structured interviews and group discussions. The method of data treatment employed was the analysis of content. The most significant results that stood out in the speeches analyzed were: the theoretical multiplicity of Psychology; the lack of unity in the science and the profession; and the gap between theory and practice. Such data, when confronted with Resolution Number 5 of the National Council of Education, of the Ministry of Education, and with the guidelines of the Federal Council of Psychology, bespeak the main problems encountered in psychology education in the country. They also indicate the most relevant obstacles to be overcome in order for the university education to contribute effectively to the construction of professional identity and the consolidation of Psychology as a field of knowledge and profession committed to promoting the quality of life of individuals, groups, organizations and communities.Key words: university education; theoretical multiplicity of Psychology; Psychology curriculum; professional identity; articulation between theory and practice.
Psychometric test for blind adults and children, critical issues and perspectives
Authors: LUCCHESE FRANCO 
Published: July 2016

In literature a paucity of issues to measure cognitive functioning in the blinds is available (Rich, Anderson, 1965; Pichot, 1968; Newland, 1969; Vander Kolk, 1977; Nelson, Joyce, Dias, 2002) but in these reviews it is clear that they are not yet widely available without further support for research and development. This is particularly true for blind children. The purpose of the current study is to provide a proposal version of some of the Visual Performance Subtests adapted to blind children.
Lógicas, racionalidades e contextos dos itinerários de saúde/doença de Universitários
Authors: Ribeiro Antunes Julia Maria 
Published: July 2016

Os estudantes universitários em Ciências da Saúde, são tipicamente bem educados, saudáveis, são um grupo relativamente homogéneo e privilegiado relativamente a cultura e status socioeconómico, constituindo sem dúvida, um potencial de liderança futura que poderá influenciar outros grupos sociais em diversos momentos do ciclo de vida, assumindo o papel de agentes de mudança.Na Sociedade e Cultura do nosso tempo, encontramos inquietações que não são fáceis de estudar, como a medicalização da sociedade, os fenómenos de comorbilidade, iatrogenia, a prevenção quaternária, para além de toda a complexidade relacionada com a medicina, médicos e medicamentos.A partir desta temática e com recurso a vários patamares de conhecimento fomos desenvolvendo a construção de um objecto teórico de forma a seguidamente desenvolvermos a sua análise, que se concretizou no objectivo deste estudo, ou seja, conhecer e caracterizar as práticas de saúde e/ou doença, de jovens universitários, bem como representações sociais acerca dos médicos da medicina e dos medicamentos.Desejámos compreender, se existem práticas medicalizantes, promotoras da autonomia e/ou dependência, novas formas de gestão do corpo e do bem-estar, práticas de risco, recurso à auto-medicação, crenças acerca da medicina, metáforas acerca dos medicamentos, bem como se existe alinhamento com o conceito e filosofia da prevenção quaternária.Foram inquiridos, através de questionário, 502 estudantes universitários da área de Ciências da Saúde. Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e transversal. Os resultados foram sujeitos a análise descritiva e inferencial utilizando-se neste caso o teste qui-quadrado, a análise factorial e a análise de componentes principais com nível de significância de (p<=0,05)Encontramos sinais de bom senso e espírito crítico nas escolhas efectuadas pelos jovens, não encontramos significativas diferenças de género maior parte das variáveis em analise, o que nos leva a questionar, como será a Sociedade do Futuro? Palavras chave: Medicalização, Iatrogenia, Comorbilidade, Prevenção Quaternária.
Acústica del violín y reconocimiento tímbrico por músicos profesionales y no-músicos
Authors: Alonso Lacasta Rebeca-Kerstin , Olazabal Roman Ion 
Published: July 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo fue indagar en las posibilidades tímbricas producidas por dos violinistas profesionales y analizar la capacidad de reconocimiento de los sonidos resultantes, tanto por una muestra de músicos como de no-músicos, con el fin de valorar la importancia que se le debe dar al timbre en el proceso de enseñanza del violín. Para ello, se ha seleccionado una muestra de 60 adultos, de los cuales la mitad son músicos profesionales titulados y la otra mitad carecen de formación musical reglada. Se utilizó como instrumento la prueba experimental Ikarak que consiste en la ejecución de distintos sonidos y su reconocimiento auditivo. Se hallaron resultados que muestran puntuaciones altas en el reconocimiento auditivo de los sonidos tanto en el grupo de músicos como en el de no-músicos. Por otro lado, los resultados muestran una correlación de pequeña magnitud entre ambos grupos, que resulta no ser estadísticamente significativa. Tras los resultados se pueden establecer programas potenciadores de la sensibilización tímbrica, con el fin de fomentar que la totalidad del alumnado de conservatorio alcance su máximo potencial y un alto rendimiento, ya que éstos son el reflejo de un aprendizaje más eficaz. Palabras clave: Timbre, reconocimiento auditivo, acústica violín, enseñanza musical.
LA INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS: DIFERENCIAS ENTRE EL GRADO DE MAESTRO EN EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA Y LOS GRADOS EN CIENCIAS
Authors: Del Rosal Sánchez Irene , Dávila Acedo María Antonia , Sánchez Herrera Susana , Bermejo García María Luisa 
Published: July 2016

RESUMENEl interés que nos ha llevado a realizar este trabajo se centra en la gran importancia que ha cobrado la inteligencia emocional en los últimos años y como, según indica Goleman (1996), la unión de la razón y la emoción es fundamental para comprender el desarrollo de la inteligencia humana. Además, diversos estudios muestran la importancia de desarrollar competencias emocionales en el contexto educativo, y más concretamente en los estudiantes universitarios. Mediante una metodología cuantitativa, y más concretamente a partir de un diseño transversal, en nuestro trabajo se pretende evaluar el nivel de inteligencia emocional (atención, claridad y reparación emocional) en una muestra constituida por 358 estudiantes del Grado de Maestro en Educación y Grados en Ciencias de la Universidad de Extremadura mediante el test de autoinforme TMMS-24 de Fernández-Berrocal, Extremera y Ramos (2004). Los resultados obtenidos permitieron afirmar que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el nivel reparación emocional según el sexo, y en todas y cada una de las dimensiones que conforman la inteligencia emocional según el grado en el que se encuentran matriculados los estudiantes universitarios.Palabras clave: inteligencia emocional, emociones, estudiantes universitarios, maestros en formación inicial, enseñanza de las ciencias. ABSTRACTThe interest of this work focuses on the great importance of emotional intelligence has gained in recent years and as, according to Goleman (1996), the union of reason and emotion is fundamental to understanding the development of human intelligence. In addition, several studies show the importance of developing emotional competence in the educational context, and particularly in university students. Through the use of a quantitative method, and more particularly of a cross-sectional design, the objective our study was to evaluate the level of emotional intelligence (attention, clarity and emotional repair) in a sample of 358 students of the Grade of Elementary Master and Science Grades of the University of Extremadura using the test of self-TMMS 24 Fernández-Berrocal, Extremera and Ramos (2004). The results confirm that there were significant differences in emotional reparation level by sex, and in every one of the dimensions that make up emotional intelligence by the extent to which they are enrolled college students.Keywords: emotional intelligence, emotions, university students, initial teacher education, teaching science.
Alcoólicos Anónimos
Authors: Rodrigues Teixeira Reis Sandra Cristina , Cruz da Silva Aldina , Castro Vicente Florêncio 
Published: July 2016

Este artigo de revisão cientifica prendeu-se essencialmente com o Modelo Minnesota – Modelo presente no tratamento do alcoolismo. A comunidade dos AA nasceu nos EUA e já ajudou milhares de membros a manterem-se abstinentes. Foi nos anos 40 que o Modelo Minnesota começou a emergir significativamente e desde então espalhou-se por todo o mundo. Por isso verificamos que várias clínicas e associações utilizam este modelo, sendo exemplo a Clíncia Creta situada em Lisboa. Efetivamente com este modelo de tratamento outros são utilizados em simultâneo - a terapia cognitivo comportamental como é o caso da Creta. Tudo se pode fazer desde que seja para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos alcoólicos anónimos.Palavras-chave: Revisão, Modelo Minnesota, Psicoterapia, Álcool
ÁLCOOL NA ESCOLA – UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE PREVENÇÃO E CONSEQUÊNCIA
Authors: Rodrigues Teixeira Reis Sandra Cristina , Nobre Sofia , Vicente Castro Florêncio 
Published: July 2016

Este artigo de revisão científica sobre o consumo, neurobiologia e efeitos do álcool visa a reflexão sobre os programas de intervenção, sobretudo programas primários, uma vez que o público-alvo são jovens/adolescentes, num ambiente escolar. Portanto o subsistema escolar tem uma função crucial, podendo corresponder a alterações menos saudáveis dos hábitos dos jovens numa fase crucial do seu desenvolvimento. Sabendo que a escola tem um contacto privilegiado com os alunos, quer pelo meio ambiente educador, quer pelo tempo que passam na escola, é de particular interesse tornar-se regra ser este subsistema a detectar comportamentos de risco e consequente referenciação e encaminhamento às autoridades/apoios competentes. Torna-se pois fundamental munir a escola de programas adaptados de treino de competências sociais e gestão emocional, pois é neste ambiente e momento crucial do desenvolvimento que os adolescentes treinam e aprendem a dizer não ao consumo de substâncias aditivas, particularmente o álcool, e treinam a autoestima, autoconceito e resiliência, características primordiais ao bem-estar e indeléveis factores de protecção. Palavras-Chave: Álcool, Adolescência, Escola, Programas Preventivos, Revisão
ALGUNAS FORTALEZAS A POTENCIAR EN LAS ORGANIZACIONES DE TRABAJO
Authors: Fínez Silva Mª José 
Published: July 2016

En este trabajo se exponen las virtudes y fortalezas de la gente que estudia especialmente la psicología positiva y que resultan beneficiosas en el ámbito laboral. Se realiza un acercamiento teórico a lo se entiende por las organizaciones positivas y se exponen las seis virtudes y veinticuatro fortalezas del carácter. Finalmente, se profundiza en las fortalezas de creatividad, liderazgo, trabajo en equipo, gratitud y esperanza. Se escogen estas fortalezas porque son las que favorecen en mayor medida el bienestar laboral y el correcto desempeño del trabajo. En las organizaciones de trabajo es necesario tener buenos líderes que sepan dirigir a sus grupos, trabajadores que sean capaces de trabajar en equipo de forma cooperativa, que sean creativos en el trabajo y tengan esperanza en la consecución de los objetivos. Todo ello genera un clima de trabajo agradable donde la gratitud entre sus miembros repercute en un mayor bienestar.
CONDUCTA SUICIDA. PROTOCOLO DE INTERVENCIÓN
Authors: Martín Pérez Vicente 
Published: July 2016

En el presente artículo, he justificado la necesaria utilización de los principios de aprendizaje como método de evaluación y análisis funcional para obtener el mayor número de variables relevantes y establecer una serie de hipótesis explicativas de cada caso que inexorablemente generarán las pautas que deben seguir la hipótesis predictivas y la intervención con conductas suicidas. El entrenamiento del psicólogo de emergencias en habilidades de evaluación in situ, en habilidades sociales, en escucha activa, en el establecimiento de empatía, en manejo y contención emocional, en estrategias de negociación, etc. en definitiva habilidades de conexión emocional y cognitiva, aumenta la probabilidad de modificar las respondentes fisiológicas y cognitivas, al variar estos antecedentes, cambiarán las operantes del suicida a favor de la vida. Propongo un protocolo de evaluación e intervención en estos casos.