bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Extracellular Volume Fraction Mapping Provides Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Left Ventricular Remodeling Post–Reperfused ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bulluck Heerajnarain , Rosmini Stefania , Abdel‐Gadir Amna , White Steven K. , Bhuva Anish N. , Treibel Thomas A. , Fontana Marianna , Gonzalez‐Lopez Esther , Reant Patricia , Ramlall Manish , Hamarneh Ashraf , Sirker Alex , Herrey Anna S. , Manisty Charlotte , Yellon Derek M. , Kellman Peter , Moon James C. , Hausenloy Derek J. 
Published: July 2016

Background

Whether the remote myocardium of reperfused
ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI
) patients plays a part in adverse left ventricular (
LV
) remodeling remains unclear. We aimed to use automated extracellular volume fraction (
ECV
) mapping to investigate whether changes in the
ECV
of the remote (

ECV
R

emote
) and infarcted myocardium (

ECV
I

nfarct
) impacted
LV
remodeling.

Methods and Results

Forty‐eight of 50 prospectively recruited reperfused
STEMI
patients completed a cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 4±2 days and 40 had a follow‐up scan at 5±2 months. Twenty healthy volunteers served as controls. Mean segmental values for native T1, T2, and
ECV
were obtained. Adverse
LV
remodeling was defined as ≥20% increase in
LV
end‐diastolic volume.

ECV
R

emote
was higher on the acute scan when compared to control (27.9±2.1% vs 26.4±2.1%;
P
=0.01). Eight patients developed adverse
LV
remodeling and had higher

ECV
R

emote
acutely (29.5±1.4% vs 27.4±2.0%;
P
=0.01) and remained higher at follow‐up (28.6±1.5% vs 26.6±2.1%;
P
=0.02) compared to those without. Patients with a higher

ECV
R

emote
and a lower myocardial salvage index (
MSI
) acutely were significantly associated with adverse
LV
remodeling, independent of T1
Remote
, T1
Core
and microvascular obstruction, whereas a higher

ECV
I

nfarct
was significantly associated with worse wall motion recovery.

Conclusions

ECV
R

emote
was increased acutely in reperfused
STEMI
patients. Those with adverse
LV
remodeling had higher

ECV
R

emote
acutely, and this remained higher at follow‐up than those without adverse
LV
remodeling. A higher

ECV
R

emote
and a lower
MSI
acutely were significantly associated with adverse
LV
remodeling whereas segments with higher

ECV
I

nfarct
were less likely to recover wall motion.
Atrial Fibrillation Patients Treated With Long‐Term Warfarin Anticoagulation Have Higher Rates of All Dementia Types Compared With Patients Receiving Long‐Term Warfarin for Other Indications
Authors: Bunch T. Jared , May Heidi T. , Bair Tami L. , Crandall Brian G. , Cutler Michael J. , Day John D. , Jacobs Victoria , Mallender Charles , Osborn Jeffrey S. , Stevens Scott M. , Weiss J. Peter , Woller Scott C. 
Published: July 2016

Background

The mechanisms behind the association of atrial fibrillation (
AF
) and dementia are unknown. We previously found a significantly increased risk of dementia in
AF
patients taking warfarin with a low percentage of time in therapeutic range. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which
AF
itself increases dementia risk, in addition to long‐term anticoagulation exposure.

Methods and Results

A total of 10 537 patients anticoagulated with warfarin (target
INR
2–3), managed by the Clinical Pharmacist Anticoagulation Service with no history of dementia were included. Warfarin indication was for
AF
(n=4460), thromboembolism (n=5868), and mechanical heart valve(s) (n=209). Patients in the latter 2 categories were included only if they had no prior history of
AF
. The primary outcome was dementia. Patients with
AF
were older and had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, and stroke.
AF
patients experienced higher rates of total dementia (5.8% versus 1.6%,
P
<0.0001), Alzheimer disease (2.8% versus 0.9%,
P
<0.0001), and vascular dementia (1.0% versus 0.2%,
P
<0.0001). A propensity analysis of 6030 patients was performed to account for baseline demographics differences. Long‐term risk of dementia remained significant in
AF
patients compared with matched non‐
AF
patients (total dementia: hazard ratio [HR]=2.42 [1.85–3.18],
P
<0.0001; Alzheimer:
HR
=2.04 [1.40–2.98],
P
<0.0001; senile:
HR
=2.46 [1.58–3.86],
P
<0.0001). Low percent therapeutic range compared with a higher percent therapeutic range was associated with dementia risk in both
AF
(26–50% versus >75%:
HR
=2.51,
P
=0.005) and non‐
AF
groups (≤25% versus >75%:
HR
=3.92,
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions

The presence of
AF
significantly increases risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, compared with matched patients receiving warfarin anticoagulation for other reasons. Quality of anticoagulation management remains an important risk factor for dementia in all patients.
Butyriboletus hainanensis (Boletaceae, Boletales), a new species from tropical China
Authors: LIANG ZHI-QUN , AN DONG-YU , JIANG SHUAI , SU MING-SHEN , ZENG NIAN-KAI 
Published: July 2016

Butyriboletus hainanensis (Boletaceae, Boletales) is described as a new species from Hainan Province, a tropical region of China. It is morphologically characterized by a large, brown pileus with thick context and thin hymenophore, a blue-red-black color change of hymenophore and context, a yellow to brownish red stipe with faint reticulations, and an interwoven trichodermal pileipellis. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from partial 28S regions, the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef1α) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (rpb2) also confirm that B. hainanensis forms an independent lineage within Butyriboletus. Consequently, a description, color photos of fresh basidiomata and line-drawings of microstructures are presented.
On the Link between Tropical Cyclones and Daily Rainfall Extremes Derived from Global Satellite Observations
Authors: Prat Olivier P. , Nelson Brian R. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The authors evaluate the contribution of tropical cyclones (TCs) to daily precipitation extremes over land for TC-active regions around the world. From 1998 to 2012, data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA 3B42) showed that TCs account for an average of 3.5% ± 1% of the total number of rainy days over land areas experiencing cyclonic activity regardless of the basin considered. TC days represent between 13% and 31% of daily extremes above 4 in. day−1, but can account locally for the large majority (&gt;70%) or almost all (≈100%) of extreme rainfall even over higher-latitude areas marginally affected by cyclonic activity. Moreover, regardless of the TC basin, TC-related extremes occur preferably later in the TC season after the peak of cyclonic activity.
Factors Associated With the Risk of Acute Malnutrition Among Children Aged 6 to 36 Months in Households Targeted by an Emergency Cash Transfer Program
Authors: Bliss Jessica , Jensen Nathan , Thiede Brian , Shoham Jeremy , Dolan Carmel , Sibson Victoria , Fenn Bridget 
Published: July 2016

Background: Assessing whether and how the expenditure of emergency cash transfer programs (CTPs) relates to child nutritional status is a necessary step for informed program design and targeting. Objective: We hypothesized that greater child food expenditures would have a protective effect against the risk of acute malnutrition in the context of a food crisis in Niger. Methods: We investigated the relationship between food and medical expenditures and acute malnutrition in children aged 6 to 36 months through an observational cohort study of 420 households enrolled in an emergency CTP in Niger. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the risk of acute malnutrition while adjusting for relevant child and household characteristics. Results: Seventy-four (18% of the cohort) children developed acute malnutrition. The risk was 1.79 times higher among ill children than healthy children (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-2.92; P < .05), nearly 3 times higher among children in the poorest households than those in wealthier households (HR: 2.98; 95% CI: 1.86-4.78; P < .001), and 2.85 times lower with each unit increase in baseline weight-for-height Z score (HR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.23-0.53; P < .001). Food expenditures were not associated with risk (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.87-1.07; P > .05). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of the health-related determinants of child undernutrition and suggest that a potential role of emergency CTPs may be to enable and promote health service access where services exist. They also indicate a need for more sustained poverty reduction and undernutrition prevention activities in concert with well-timed and strategic use of emergency interventions.
Suboptimal Feeding Practices and High Levels of Undernutrition Among Infants and Young Children in the Rural Communities of Halaba and Zeway, Ethiopia
Authors: Ersino Getahun , Henry Carol J. , Zello Gordon A. 
Published: July 2016

Background: Good nutrition and appropriate child feeding are vital in early stages of child development, particularly in the first 1000 days of life. Objective: To assess the adoption of infant and young child feeding practices of World Health Organization, dietary intake, and level of undernutrition in children <2 years of age. Methods: Baseline cross-sectional study was conducted (January-June 2013) in purposively selected rural communities of Halaba and Zeway, Ethiopia (N = 383 mother–child pairs, randomly selected). Results: Overall prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight was 45%, 9%, and 28% in Halaba, and 33%, 7%, and 15% in Zeway, respectively; higher levels of stunting (54% in Halaba and 36% in Zeway) were observed in 6 to 24 months; stunting and underweight, but not wasting, differed by age ( P < .001) in Halaba. Median dietary diversity score in both communities was 2 with 61% to 65% of children consuming 0 to 2 food groupings. Except protein in all age and iron in 12 to 24 months, median intake of energy, iron, zinc, and calcium (and associated nutrient densities) was below the estimated needs that should come from complementary foods in both communities (in subsample). Early initiation of breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding was 63% and 86% in Halaba and 92% and 93% in Zeway, respectively ( P < .001). Children receiving minimum acceptable diet were 6% and 9% in Halaba and Zeway, respectively. Conclusions: The high levels of stunting and suboptimal feeding practices as well as low dietary diversity scores, energy, and nutrient intake in both communities, particularly in Halaba, indicate a need to improve/strengthen nutrition strategies for complementary feeding children in these areas.
Prescription Opioid Misuse Among Rural Community Pharmacy Patients: Pilot Study for Screening and Implications for Future Practice and Research
Authors: Cochran Gerald T. , Engel Rafael J. , Hruschak Valerie J. , Tarter Ralph E. 
Published: July 2016

Background: Opioid misuse imposes a disproportionately heavy burden on individuals living in rural areas. Community pharmacy has the potential to expand and coordinate with health professionals to identify and intervene with those who misuse opioids. Objective: Rural and urban community pharmacy patients were recruited in this pilot project to describe and compare patterns of opioid misuse. Methods: We administered a health screening survey in 4 community pharmacies among patients filling opioid medications. Univariate statistics were used to assess differences in health characteristics and opioid medication misuse behaviors between rural and urban respondents. Multivariable statistics were used to identify risk factors associated with rural and urban opioid misuse. Results: A total of 333 participants completed the survey. Participants in rural settings had poorer overall health, higher pain levels, lower education, and a higher rate of unemployment compared to patients in urban pharmacies. Rural respondents with illicit drug use (adjustable odds ratio [aOR]: 14.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.16-95.38), posttraumatic stress disorder (aOR: 5.44, 95% CI = 1.52-19.50), and ≤high school education (aOR: 6.68, 95% CI = 1.06-42.21) had increased risk for opioid misuse. Conclusions: Community pharmacy represents a promising resource for potential identification of opioid misuse, particularly in rural communities. Continued research must extend these findings and work to establish collaborative services in rural settings.
Unmet Needs for Clinical Ethics Support Services in Nurse: Based on focus group interviews
Authors: Kim Sanghee , Seo Minjeong , Kim Doo Ree 
Published: July 2016

Background: As nurses’ ethical competence in their own fields is essential, clinical ethics support services help nurses improve ethical competence. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the unmet needs of ethical support for nurses in clinical settings and explore the differences by nursing units. Research design: Focus group interview design was applied. Participants and research context: Data were collected via four rounds of focus group interviews with 37 nurses at intensive care units, medical-surgical units, emergency departments and oncology units. Major questions were as follows: ‘What is nurses’ experience of ethical difficulties while working as a clinical nurse?’ and ‘What kinds of clinical ethics support services do nurses require in different clinical settings?’ Inductive content analysis was performed to analyse the data. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review of board at the College of Nursing. Findings: Five categories (with 14 subcategories) were identified: difficulty providing evidence-based care, lack of support in maintaining patients’ and family members’ dignity, insufficient education regarding clinical ethics, loss of professional self-esteem and expectations concerning organizational support. Nurses’ desire for ethical support varied according to department. Conclusion: Nurses face both practical and existential ethical issues that require rapid solution each day. There is a need for ethical counselling to prevent compassion fatigue and identify means via which nurses reflect on their daily lives in their own fields. In-house training should be provided for each unit, to improve ethical competence and facilitate the development of pragmatic, sensible solutions.
Youth unemployment in Italy and Russia: Aggregate trends and individual determinants
Authors: Marelli Enrico , Vakulenko Elena 
Published: July 2016

AbstractYouth unemployment rates in most countries are considerably higher than total unemployment rates and increased significantly in many countries following the global financial crisis. Young people in long-term unemployment risk becoming a ‘lost generation’. We investigate individual and family characteristics predicting young people’s vulnerability to the scarring effects of long-term unemployment. After overviewing aggregate youth unemployment trends in several European countries, we focus on Russia and Italy – countries with contrasting structural and institutional conditions and exhibiting different macroeconomic trends – in order to determine whether, despite these differences, there were similar patterns in the relationship between individual and family characteristics and the of risk of unemployment and its adverse impacts. We use a Heckman probit model to estimate the unemployment risk of young people – compared to adults – during the period 2004–2011, before and after the global financial crisis. Despite many differences between the two countries, most of the explanatory variables acted in the same direction in each and so we compare the relative size of such effects. The policy significance of the findings is that personal and family characteristics are more amenable to modification than macroeconomic variables. Specific school-to-work interventions are needed to avoid creating a ‘lost generation’.
Lichen Planus Pigmentosus-like Reaction to Guasha
Authors: Yang Gang , Tan Cheng 
Published: July 2016

Background and Objective: Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) is an uncommon variant of lichen planus (LP) that manifests as macular hyperpigmentation involving chiefly the face and upper limbs. Although its etiology has not been fully elucidated, a relationship with hepatitis C infection, restrictive underwear, localized friction, and sun exposure have been proposed. Rarely, exposure to mustard oil, amla oil, henna, or hair dyes has been reported. Conclusion: We herein describe an LPP-like reaction to Guasha.
Weekly Cisplatin and Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy With Simultaneous Integrated Boost for Radical Treatment of Advanced Cervical Cancer in Elderly Patients: Feasibility and Clinical Preliminary Results
Authors: Mazzola Rosario , Ricchetti Francesco , Fiorentino Alba , Levra Niccolò Giaj , Fersino Sergio , Di Paola Gioacchino , Ruggieri Ruggero , Alongi Filippo 
Published: July 2016

Background: To evaluate the feasibility and clinical preliminary results of weekly cisplatin and volumetric-modulated arc therapy to the pelvis with simultaneous integrated boost to macroscopic disease in a cohort of elderly patients. Materials and Methods: Inclusion criteria of this prospective study were age ≥70 years, Karnofsky performance status 70 to 100, locally advanced histologically proven squamous cervical carcinoma, and patients unable to undergo brachytherapy. Radiation doses prescribed were 66 Gy to the macroscopic disease and 54 Gy to the pelvic nodes in 30 fractions. Weekly cisplatin dose was 40 mg/mq. Results: A total of 30 patients were recruited. Median follow-up was 32 months (range: 8-48 months). Median age was 72 years (range: 70-84 years). The 3-year overall survival and local control were 93% and 80%, respectively. The median time to progression was 24 months (range: 6-30 months). Analyzing clinical outcome grouping based on the stage of disease, II versus III, the 3-year overall survival was 100% and 85%, respectively. The 3-year local control was 91% for stage II and 67% for stage III. Acute and late toxicities were acceptable without severe events. Conclusion: Weekly cisplatin and volumetric-modulated arc therapy–simultaneous integrated boost for radical treatment of advanced cervical cancer in the current cohort of elderly patients were feasible. Long-term results and prospective randomized trials are advocated.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of a Novel Color Range Indicator in Multiple Blood Glucose Meters Demonstrates Improved Glucose Range Interpretation and Awareness in Subjects With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Grady Mike , Katz Laurence B. , Cameron Hilary , Levy Brian L. 
Published: July 2016

Aims: We previously demonstrated that people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) can improve their ability to categorize blood glucose (BG) results into low, in range, or high glycemic ranges after experiencing a color range indicator (CRI or ColorSure™ Technology) in a single meter. This study examined whether a CRI was effective in people with type 1 (T1) or T2DM when used in 3 glucose meters. Methods: A total of 179 subjects (139 T2DM and 40 T1DM) classified BG values as low, in range, or high based on individual current knowledge. Subjects then experienced the CRI which showed whether different BG values were low, in range, or high. After CRI interaction, subjects repeated the classification. Results: Following interaction with the CRI, subjects significantly improved their ability to categorize BG results into low, in range, and high glycemic ranges by 27.9% (T2DM) and 27.2% (T1DM) (each P < .001). Improvement was not accompanied by an increase in time spent categorizing results. There was no difference in classification ability between subjects with T1 or T2DM. There was also no correlation between HbA1c, numeracy level, test frequency, or duration of diabetes and the ability to correctly classify results. Subjects agreed the CRI feature helped them easily interpret glucose values and improved their awareness of glucose ranges. Conclusion: Interaction with a CRI improved the ability of subjects with T1 and T2DM to interpret and categorize BG values into recommended glycemic ranges, irrespective of the glucose meter providing the CRI insights.
Helicopter transportation in the era of thrombectomy: The next frontier for acute stroke treatment and research
Authors: Leira Enrique C , Stilley Joshua D , Schnell Thomas , Audebert Heinrich J , Adams Harold P 
Published: July 2016

Purpose Many patients suffer a stroke at a significant distance from a specialized center capable of delivering endovascular therapy. As a result, they require rapid transport by helicopter emergency medical services, sometimes while receiving a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator infusion (drip and ship). Despite its critical role in the new era of reperfusion, helicopter emergency medical services remains a poorly evaluated aspect of stroke care. Method Comprehensive narrative review of all published articles of helicopter emergency medical services related to acute stroke care in the inter-hospital and pre-hospital settings, including technical aspects and physical environment implications. Findings Helicopter emergency medical services transports are conducted during a critical early time period when specific interventions and ancillary care practices may have a significant influence on outcomes. We have limited knowledge of the potential impact of the unusual physical factors generated by the helicopter on the ischemic brain, which affects our ability to establish rational guidelines for ancillary care and the delivery of specific interventions. Discussion Unlike the pre-hospital and hospital settings where stroke interventions are delivered, the inter-hospital helicopter emergency medical services transfer setting remains a “black box” for acute stroke care and research. This gap is particularly relevant for many patients living in rural areas, or in congested urban areas, that depend on helicopter emergency medical services for rapid access to a tertiary stroke center. Conclusion Addressing the helicopter emergency medical services stroke gap in clinical trials and acute care delivery would homogenize capabilities through all care settings, thus minimizing potential disparities in research access and outcomes based on geographical location.