bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid encryption for image security using improved Henon map with sine and cosine and Arnold’s transformation
Authors: Aslam Iqra Aslam Muhammad , rashid Tabasam Rashid , Murtaza Ghulam Murtaza 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel 2D chaotic map, the Two-DimensionalImproved Henon Map with sine and cosine (2D − IHMSC), which enhances chaotic behavior and security for image encryption by incorporating sine and cosine functions into the classic Henon map. The 2D-IHMSC produces improved sequences with higher sensitivity to initial conditions. The proposed encryption algorithm combines cryptographic techniques, including chaotic sequences from the improved Henonmap, bitwise XOR, diffusion, and Arnold’s transformation, resulting in inefficient and robust image encryption. These enhancements increase randomness, strengthen diffusion and nonlinearity, and enhance resistance to attacks. The method utilizes Arnold’s Transformation for pixel scrambling, addressing periodicity limitations by implementing additional security measures. It encrypts the image as a pixel distribution, demonstrating exceptional performance in critical areas, including sensitivity, correlation, and security.
Voices of Parents of Children with Major Congenital Anomalies:
Themes from Initial Diagnosis, NICU Hospitalization, and Discharge Home
Authors: Acharya Krishna , Lyon Jessica , McAndrew Natalie , Geich Alexis , AbuZahra Tala , Leuthner Steven , Lagatta Joanne 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective: To describe the parent experience of having an infant with a congenital anomaly from prenatal diagnosis. NICU, and post-NICU care
Study design: Qualitative study
Results: We interviewed 18 parents (13 mothers, 5 fathers) whose children were in our NICU to explore challenges in care and identify strategies to improve care. During the prenatal period, key challenges were inadequate initial support, having to decide about medical procedures, impact on mental health, and loss of a “normal” baby. In the NICU, challenges were lack of interdisciplinary communication, isolation, and knowing how to parent. After discharge home, challenges were hypervigilance, burden of caregiving, adjusting to life at home, and financial impact.
Conclusion: Parents of infants with anomalies experience significant stress and isolation after initial diagnosis and NICU care. Key interventions helpful to families were empathetic and consistent healthcare teams; consistent communication,engagement in NICU care, and ongoing support after discharge home.
Vulnerability and resilience of rainforests to plant invasions in a tropical island of the South Pacific: a sixteen-year survey
Authors: MEYER Jean-Yves , BARROSO Solène FABRE , MAZOYER Louise , JORDAN Méryl , FRAISSE Julie , FOURDRIGNIEZ Marie , TAPUTUARAI Ravahere , POUTEAU Robin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Island biodiversity is considered to be particularly vulnerable to biological invasions. However, the direct impacts of invasive alien plants on native and endemic flora are often difficult to assess. Indeed, invasion by woody species is a relatively slow process, and natural or anthropogenic disturbances that favor some plant invaders, also contribute to biodiversity loss, and might act as confounding factors. Hence, we conducted a long-term monitoring of rainforest composition and structure in the small tropical high volcanic island of Moorea (French Polynesia, South Pacific) over a 16-year (2006–2022) period without any major disturbance. All endemic, native and alien woody species with a stem ≥ 1 cm in diameter were identified and measured with a 4-year frequency in ten 20 m × 20 m plots. The variation of species richness, Shannon diversity, Pielou evenness and abundance over time was analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with identities of the plots as random factors. Results revealed an increase in the number of stems of alien plants (+ 50% in 16 years), especially the two most common invasive alien trees, Miconia calvescens (Melastomataceae) and Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae). In contrast, we found a decrease in the richness (from 28 species to 19) and abundance (-20% of stems) of endemic and native species, especially in the higher-elevation plots. Three plots remained relatively stable in terms of plant invasions according to Shannon and Pielou indices, and some common native and endemic woody species persisted over time. Although a continuous decline of plant diversity, including species extirpation, was observed, our results also suggest a relative resilience of certain forest types and associated communities to plant invasions. Efforts to control invasive alien plants should therefore target the most vulnerable native habitats.
The inactivation of E. coli and B. subtilis spores treated individually, sequentially and simultaneously with humified air dielectric barrier discharge plasma and ultraviolet
Authors: Wang Zhishang , Liang Xinlei , Feng Dongxue , Wu Jiang , Dou Di , Wan Huihui , Liu Weifeng , Liu Dongping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of humified air dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma (CP) and ultraviolet (UV) at a wavelength of 254 nm in inactivating Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis spores (B. subtilis spores). The experimental results showed that simultaneous treatment with CP and UV had the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by sequential and individual treatments. Individual treatment of CP and UV for 10 s decreased E. coli by 2.4 Logs and 1.3 Logs, respectively. After 60 s of CP and UV treatment, B. subtilis spores were decreased by 2.6 Logs and 1.1 Logs, respectively. Simultaneous treatment of CP and UV for 10 s reduced E. coli by 4.6 Logs and B. subtilis spores by 4.4 Logs after 60 s, which was attributed to their synergistic effects. To elucidate the mechanism of protein oxidation in simultaneous treatments, we investigated the chemical stability of simultaneous treatments with CP and UV on 11 amino acids and 4 nucleobases in aqueous solution. Phenylalanine (Phe), methionine (Met), tyrosine (Tyr), tryptophan (Trp), and histidine (His) were oxidized by plasma-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). In addition, guanine (G) and thymine (T) exhibited structural instability; both the five- membered and six-membered rings of guanine can be oxidized, and thymine undergoes oxidative cross-linking by UV-induced formation of thymine dimers. The analysis showed that the chemical instability of amino acids and nucleobases was closely related to the synergistic inactivation effect of CP and UV.
Lower Child Opportunity Index is Associated with Lower Exercise Capacity Post-Fontan Palliation
Authors: Karolcik Brock A. , Wang Li , Ragavan Maya I. , Hoskoppal Arvind K. , Saraf Anita P. , Arora Gaurav , Kreutzer Jacqueline , Viegas Melita L. , Alsaied Tarek 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The Child Opportunity Index (COI) is a validated measurement that uses a composite index of 29 indicators of social determinants of health linked to the US Census. Patients post-Fontan palliation for single ventricle often have reduced exercise capacity compared to the general population. Our hypothesis is that COI levels are directly associated with exercise capacity and inversely with late outcomes.
Methods
A retrospective, single-center study was performed, including 99 patients post-Fontan procedure who had cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at our institution from January 2010 to July 2023, of which 78 had undergone an exercise test. Univariate analysis was performed with Pearson correlational testing and multivariable linear regression was then used to evaluate independent predictors of % predicted VO2.
Results
The mean age and sex were not different between the low and high COI groups (24.1 ± 8.5 y vs 22.5 ± 9.7 y; 34.5% vs 29.3% female). Patients with low COI had lower peak VO2 (25.7 vs 31.0 L/min/kg2, p = 0.002) and % predicted peak VO2 (61.9 vs 71.4%, p = 0.003). At follow up post-Fontan (mean of 17.9 ± 7.4 y) there was one mortality and two heart transplants. There were more interventions in the low COI group (1.5 vs 0.9 intervention occurrence/patient, p = 0.038). There was no difference in hospital admissions or significant comorbidities between COI groups.
Conclusion
Lower COI was associated with worse exercise capacity in Fontan patients and may negatively impact the need for late interventions. This highlights the need for efforts to provide community resources to promote equity in cardiac outcomes.
Caffeine and sclareol reduce the sedative effects of linalool, possibly through the GABA A interaction pathway: molecular insights through in vivo and in silico studies
Authors: Islam Muhammad Torequl , Hasan Md. Sakib Al , Ferdous Jannatul , Yana Noshin Tasnim , Mia Emon , Rakib Imam Hossen , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Ansari Siddique Akber , Islam Md. Amirul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Study background:
Linalool (LIN) has some important neuropharmacological activities, including anxiolytic and sedative effects. It is also clear that it protects experimental animals from convulsions and Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, caffeine (CAF) and sclareol (SCL) have neurostimulatory potential.
Aim
To evaluate the sedative effect and possible molecular mechanisms of CAF with LIN and/or SCL through in vivo and in silico studies.
Methodology:
CAF (10 mg/kg) alone or with LIN (50 mg/kg) and/or SCL (10 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally (i.p.) treated before thirty minutes of pentobarbital sodium (TS) injection (40 mg/kg, i.p.) to the mice and observed for latency and duration of sleep up to 4 hours. To understand the possible action mechanisms of these drugs, we also performed molecular docking studies with GABAA receptor respective submits.
Results
Findings suggest that LIN exerted significant (p < 0.05) sedative effects on the animals. CAF and SCL alone or in their combinations significantly reduced LIN’s effects in mice. CAF, LIN, and SCL showed binding affinities of ‒5.7, ‒4.7, ‒7.4 kcal/mol with 6X3X of the GABAA receptor (α1 and β2 subunits), respectively.
Conclusion
LIN exerted significant sedative effects, while CAF and/or SCL reduced this effect in animals. We suppose these drugs may exert their sedative effects through the GABAA receptor intrecation pathway. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
Bubble buoyancy produces non-conserved energy multiplication experiments
Authors: Feng Zhengyi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

“Energy neither disappears nor is it generated, it is only transformed from one form to another, and in the process of transformation and transfer, the total amount of energy remains the same—law ofconservation of eaergy.” It was established in experiments by several scientists, including Meyer, Joule, etc. Science has never produced energy. Only petrochemical and nuclear materials can be converted to heat and electricity, causing excessive carbon emissions and nuclear pollution. My experiments revealed that the axiom that energy cannot disappear is accurate. The buoyancy of bubbles input underwater can be greater than the pressure at the inlet, Bubble buoyancy can produce non-conserved power or heat; this finding has a wide range of applications, including the correction of astrophysics errors. Promote energy freedom and sustainable development, food security. Play the most important role in replacing carbon emissions.
Nageotte nodules in human DRG reveal neurodegeneration in painful diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Price Theodore , Shiers Stephanie , Mazhar Khadijah , Wangzhou Andi , Haberberger Rainer , Lesnak Joseph , Sankaranarayanan Ishwarya , Tavares-Ferreira Diana , Cervantes Anna , Funk Geoffrey , Horton Peter , Vines Erin , Dussor Gregory 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Diabetic neuropathy is frequently accompanied by pain and loss of sensation attributed to axonal dieback. We recovered dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) from 90 organ donors, 19 of whom had medical indices for diabetic painful neuropathy (DPN). Nageotte nodules, dead sensory neurons engulfed by non-neuronal cells, were abundant in DPN DRGs and accounted for 25% of all neurons. Peripherin-and Nav1.7-positive dystrophic axons invaded Nageotte nodules, forming small neuroma-like structures. Using histology and spatial sequencing, we demonstrate that Nageotte nodules are mainly composed of satellite glia and non-myelinating Schwann cells that express SPP1 and are intertwined with sprouting sensory axons originating from neighboring neurons. Our findings solve a 100-year mystery of the nature of Nageotte nodules linking these pathological structures to pain and sensory loss in DPN.
Investigating the Potential Accessibility to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis viaCommunity Pharmacies and Sexual Health Clinics: A Scoping Review of Two Integrated Care Systems in London
Authors: Alaa Aos , Mujong Datapwa , Lakhani Shivali , Alter Marsha , El-Osta Austen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background HIV prevalence in North West London (NWL & NCL) & North Central London is either high or very high for England across the eight boroughs. Despite advancements in HIV prevention, barriers and disparities in accessing Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) from specialist services persist. Community pharmacies, with their extensive reach in London, offer an opportunity to reduce these disparities and help end new HIV infectionsObjective This study aims to investigate the accessibility of HIV PrEP through community pharmacies and sexual health clinics (SHCs) across two London Integrated Care Systems (ICS) and assess the potential for community pharmacies to enhance access to PrEP and to address existing gaps in PrEP provision to gauge the potential for community pharmacies to facilitate easier access to PrEP.Methods We mapped the distribution of pharmacies, PrEP clinics, and SHCs across 11 local authority areas in London, covering NWL ICS and three catchment areas from NCL ICS using publicly available data, including postcode data. Our selection process for sources of evidence was guided by a set of predefined criteria aimed at identifying community pharmacies and SHCs within the targeted ICSs for their relevance to HIV PrEP accessibility. Two reviewers systematically charted data from each included source. Information extracted included the name of the pharmacy or clinic, address, contact details and operating hours.Results Our data collection, spanning from April to July 2022, included 692 community pharmacies. The study revealed that 78.4% of these pharmacies offered sexual health services, with a significant proportion categorised at Tier 2 according to the Umbrella Sexual Health Model, indicating they are well-positioned to offer PrEP services. The mapping showed an uneven distribution of PrEP and sexual health clinics, with community pharmacies widely accessible and offering longer service hours.Conclusion The findings highlight the critical role community pharmacies could play in providing PrEP, addressing gaps in accessibility, and reducing HIV transmission risks, thus potentially facilitating easier access to PrEP. This study supports the need for policy adjustments to enable community pharmacies to dispense PrEP, aligning with public health goals for broader access to HIV preventative measures.
Development of a national osteopathic practice-based research network: the NCOR Research Network
Authors: Draper-Rodi Jerry , Fawkes Carol , Bailey Daniel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the development of the NCOR Research Network, the first osteopathic Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN) in the UK, and provide data on its members' characteristics, clinical practices, and patient demographics.
Design: Cross-sectional survey study.
Setting: Online survey of osteopaths practising in the United Kingdom.
Participants: 570 osteopaths registered with the General Osteopathic Council who consented to participate in the NCOR Research Network.
Primary and secondary outcome measures: Demographic characteristics of osteopaths, details of their clinical practice, patient demographics, common presenting complaints, treatment approaches, and attitudes towards evidence-based practice.
Results: The median age bracket of participants was 50-59 years, with 55% identifying as women. Participants had a median of 17 years of clinical experience. Most worked in private practice (71% as principals, 32% as associates), seeing 20-39 hours of patients per week. The majority (87%) regularly treated adults aged 65 or older. Low back pain was the most common complaint seen daily (56%). Spinal articulation/mobilization (79%) and soft tissue massage (78%) were the most frequently used techniques. Participants reported positive views towards evidence-based practice but cited lack of research skills and time as barriers to engagement.
Conclusions: The NCOR Research Network provides a foundation for future osteopathic research in the UK. While the sample was not fully representative of UK osteopaths, it offers insights into current osteopathic practice. The network aims to foster collaboration between clinicians and academics, potentially bridging the gap between research and practice in osteopathy.
Protocol registration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/HPWG4
Radiological findings in patients with Nasal Polyposis and its relation with chronic allergic disease
Authors: shebli Haya , Ajloni Helen , Nahas Louei Darjazini 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Nasal polyposis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, leading to significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. Characterized by non-cancerous mucosal growths, nasal polyps result from ongoing inflammation and commonly obstruct airflow, causing distressing symptoms. This study investigates the radiological characteristics of nasal polyposis and their correlation with chronic allergic diseases, particularly allergic rhinitis and asthma.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted at Damascus Hospital, Syria, analyzing medical records, radiological reports, and surgical findings of 110 patients diagnosed with nasal polyposis from January 2015 to September 2019. A structured questionnaire gathered demographic and clinical data. Radiological assessments were performed using the Lund-Mackay scoring system, while surgical classifications were based on the presence of polyps in specific sinuses. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and t-tests, were employed to identify significant relationships between variables.
Results
The cohort included 57 males (51.8%) and 53 females (48.2%), with a mean age of 37.3 years. Predominant symptoms included nasal obstruction (98.2%), anterior rhinorrhea (80.9%), and hyposmia (80%). Asthma was present in 30% of participants, and aspirin sensitivity was noted in 24.5%. Statistically significant associations were observed between higher radiological and surgical scores and the presence of asthma (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively), as well as with aspirin sensitivity (p = 0.004 and p = 0.002). No significant correlations were found between classifications and allergic symptoms or sleep apnea.
Discussion
The findings align with previous studies highlighting the relationship between nasal polyposis, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity. Our study’s prevalence rates for asthma and allergic symptoms are consistent with existing literature. Higher polyp scores correlate with asthma presence, suggesting shared inflammatory pathways.
Conclusion
This research underscores the importance of radiological evaluations in understanding nasal polyposis and its associations with chronic allergic diseases. Improved insights into these relationships may enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform targeted therapeutic strategies for affected patients.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Rutin in Psoriasis: Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
Authors: Li Xinyue , Han Yingying , Liang Xinghua , Hu Yuan , Lang Guangping 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic efficacy of rutin in
the management of psoriasis and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods:
A systems biology approach, utilizing network pharmacology, was employed to identify
and analyze putative targets of rutin relevant to psoriasis. The impact of rutin on the Psoriasis
Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores was assessed in an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced murine
psoriasis model. Histopathological alterations in the skin lesions were examined using hematoxylin
and eosin (H&E) staining. Expression levels of key inflammatory mediators, including
Tnf, Hif1a, Ptgs2, Tlr4, Nfkb1, Mtor, and Il2, were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase
chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results:
A comprehensive analysis revealed 62 potential targets of rutin in the context of psoriasis,
with these targets being part of 72 interconnected signaling pathways. In vivo studies demonstrated
a significant reduction in PASI scores in rutin-treated mice compared to those in the control
group. Additionally, rutin treatment was associated with marked improvements in skin lesions,
characterized by reduced crust formation and epidermal thickness. qRT-PCR analysis indicated
that rutin administration downregulated the mRNA expression of Tnf, Hif1a, Ptgs2, Tlr4,
Nfkb1, Mtor, and Il2 in the lesional skin.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that rutin holds promise as a therapeutic agent for psoriasis,
as it effectively ameliorates IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice through
modulation of multiple signaling pathways and inflammatory mediators.
Targeting SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cardiovascular Injury: Exploring the Potential of Ponatinib in Mitigating Cardiovascular Necroptosis in COVID-19
Authors: Sotoudeheian Mohammad Javad , Azarbad Reza , Mirahmadi Seyed-Mohamad-Sadegh , Pirhayati Mohammad , Moradi Mohammad , Pazoki-Toroudi Hamidreza 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
The incidence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased dramatically
in recent years, affecting millions of people worldwide. The primary cause of morbidity and
mortality in COVID-19 patients is respiratory illness. However, the disease can also significantly
impact the cardiovascular system. SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, enters
cells using the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor. ACE-2 is a component of the
renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and plays a crucial role in regulating various pathological processes.
The interaction of the virus with ACE-2 in the myocardium can lead to direct heart damage.
Several mechanisms may contribute to myocardial damage in COVID-19 patients, including
systemic inflammation, myocardial interstitial fibrosis, interferon-mediated immune response,
exaggerated cytokine response, T-cell-mediated damage, coronary plaque instability,
and hypoxia. There has been concern that ACE inhibitors (ACE-Is) and angiotensin receptor
blockers (ARBs) may increase vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 by upregulating ACE-2 expression.
However, it may be advisable to continue medications for patients with underlying cardiovascular
disorders. The precise mechanisms of cardiomyocyte injury in COVID-19 are not fully
understood, but necroptosis appears to play a significant role. Current treatments for cardiac
damage in COVID-19 patients include IL-6 blockers and antiplatelet therapy. Ponatinib, a small
molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor designed using computational and structural approaches, has
shown the potential to affect cell death through its impact on tyrosine kinase activity. By reviewing
studies related to ponatinib’s effects on necroptosis and cell death, we propose a novel approach
to potentially reduce the cardiotoxic effects of COVID-19 on cardiomyocytes. Further
research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of cardiac injury in COVID-19 and to develop
targeted therapies to protect the heart from the devastating effects of this disease.