bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Concept for Power Grid Stabilization Using a Motor-Assisted Variable Speed Gas Turbine System
Authors: Kusumi Naohiro , Hino Noriaki , Thet Aung Ko 
Published: March 2016

As the penetration ratio of renewable energy sources becomes larger, the fluctuations of grid load also become larger and larger because of the intermittent generation of wind power and photovoltaic power. These fluctuations cause instability of voltage and frequency in the power grid.
Recently, there has been considerable research into solving these challenges, leading to development such as batteries, flywheels, and improved flexibility of thermal power plants. The batteries and the flywheels are confronted with the challenge of high initial cost for the Mega-Watt class. Improving flexibility for the thermal power plants is effective, but this improvement has several limitations such as load-follow operation capability under mechanical constraints and frequency regulation within governor-free regulating capacity.
To overcome these problems, we propose a new gas turbine system named Motor-assisted Gas Turbine (MAGT). MAGT is composed of a two-shaft gas turbine: one free turbine shaft is connected to a synchronous generator rotating at a constant speed, and the other compressor shaft is coupled to an inverter-fed motor controlled at variable speed. The motor and inverter capacity is appropriate: about 5–10 % that of the gas turbine. MAGT improved the reaction rate corresponding to the load fluctuation by changing the speed of the compressor. Since the motor’s shaft, which has a compressor and a high pressure turbine, rotates at high speed and those masses are considerable, it has rotational energy of about several kWh. This energy could be charged and discharged through the converter that controls the motor speed, the same as for flywheels. This response could be much faster than conventional gas turbines, which contain huge amounts of working gas. MAGT controls its rotational energy in seconds and controls gas turbine power in minutes; thereby it improves response totally. Moreover, by assisting the compressor by using motor power, MAGT can increase gas turbine power output. Since the density of air decreases with as temperature increase, the mass of working gas is reduced. Thus, the fuel input must accordingly be reduced to suppress the combustion temperature without damaging turbine blades. As a result, power output is reduced. In such cases, a motor-assisted compressor can increase working gas. That allows more fuel input.
The proposed system was evaluated using numerical simulations. The results showed that frequency variations were within ±0.1Hz and the output power was recovered under high ambient temperature.
Multi Objective Optimization of Direct Coupling Photovoltaic-Electrolyzer Systems Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm
Authors: Maroufmashat Azadeh , Sayedin Farid , Sattari Sourena 
Published: March 2016

Photovoltaic-electrolyzer systems are one of the most promising alternatives for obtaining hydrogen from a renewable energy source. Determining size and the operational conditions are always a key issue while coupling directly renewable electricity sources to PEM electrolyzer. In this research, the multi objective optimization approach based on an imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), which is employed to optimize the size and the operating conditions of a directly coupled photovoltaic (PV)-PEM electrolyzer. This allows the optimization of the system by considering two different objectives, including, minimization of energy transfer loss and maximization of hydrogen generation.
Multi objective optimization of PV/EL system predicts a maximum hydrogen production of 7930 gr/yr for energy transfer loss of 16.48 kWh/yr and minimum energy transfer loss of 5.21 kWh/yr at a hydrogen production rate of 7760 gr/yr for a the given location and the PV module.
Felsic Mineral Inclusions in Zircon from the Port Leyden Nelsonite, Western Adirondack Highlands, New York: A Product of Magma Mixing?
Authors:   SUNY College at Cortland, Darling Robert S. 
Published: March 2016

The Port Leyden nelsonite is small magnetite-apatite-ilmenite ore body occurring in Mesoproterozoic metapelitic gneiss on the western margin of the Adirondack Highlands. It is unusual in that no compositionally adequate parent magma (e.g. jotunite or oxide-apatite gabbronorite) has been identified in the area (Darling and Florence, 1995).The nelsonite typically contains elevated levels of Zr (1400 to 2500 ppm) largely present in abundant modal zircon. The Zr abundances are considerably higher than normal levels of Zr solubility in non-peralkaline melts and suggests that some of the zircon modal fraction is inherited (Hanchar and Harrison, 2003).The zircon grains display both euhedral, oscillatory zoned cores (interpreted as igneous) and anhedral, irregular, compositionally homogeneous rims (interpreted as metamorphic or igneous). The oscillatory zoned cores contain small (2-10 micrometer), solid inclusions that have energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS) consistent with quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, and apatite. Remarkably, no low-silica mafic mineral inclusions (e.g. orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, olivine) were observed in zircon.Felsic mineral inclusions in zircon from an igneous rock that has mafic magma affinities provides further evidence that the included cores of zircons in the Port Leyden nelsonite are inherited. This unusual occurrence may be possible considering that the mafic igneous rocks described above are part of the bimodal anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) magmatic complex in the Adirondacks (McLelland et al, 1988). It is conceivable that during magma mixing, zircon from granite or charnockite may have become incorporated into coeval jotunite or oxide-apatite gabbronorite. Subsequently, the latter magma experienced either unmixing (Philpotts, 1967) or crystal settling (Dymek and Owens, 2001) to produce the Port Leyden nelsonite.
Campaigns and counter campaigns: reactions on Twitter to e-cigarette education
Authors: Allem Jon-Patrick , Escobedo Patricia , Chu Kar-Hai , Soto Daniel W , Cruz Tess Boley , Unger Jennifer B 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundSocial media present opportunities for public health departments to galvanise interest in health issues. A challenge is creating content that will resonate with target audiences, and determining reactions to educational material. Twitter can be used as a real-time surveillance system to capture individuals’ immediate reactions to education campaigns and such information could lead to better campaigns in the future. A case study testing Twitter's potential presented itself when the California Department of Public Health launched its ‘Still Blowing Smoke’ media campaign about the potential harmful effects of e-cigarettes. Pro-e-cigarette advocacy groups, in response, launched a counter campaign titled ‘Not Blowing Smoke’. This study tracked the popularity of the two campaigns on Twitter, analysed the content of the messages and determined who was involved in these discussions.MethodsThe study period was from 22 March 2015 to 27 June 2015. A stratified sampling procedure supplied 2192 tweets for analysis. Content analysis identified pro, anti and neutral e-cigarette tweets, and five additional themes: Marketing Elements, Money, Regulation/propaganda, Health, and Other. Metadata were analysed to obtain additional information about Twitter accounts.Results‘Not Blowing Smoke’ was referenced more frequently than ‘Still Blowing Smoke’ on Twitter. Messages commonly objected to government regulation of e-cigarettes, refuted claims that e-cigarette manufactures were aligned with big tobacco, and touted the health benefits of e-cigarette use. E-cigarette companies and vape shops used campaign slogans to communicate with customers on Twitter.ConclusionsFindings showed the time dynamics of Twitter and the possibility for real-time monitoring of education campaigns.
Photoconductivity in nanostructured sulfur-doped V2O5 thin films
Authors: Mousavi M. , Yazdi Sh. Tabatabai 
Published: March 2016

In this paper, S-doped vanadium oxide thin films with doping levels up to 40 at.% are prepared via spray pyrolysis method on glass substrates, and the effect of S-doping on the structural and photoconductivity related properties of [Formula: see text]-V2O5 thin films is studied. The results show that most of the films have been grown in the tetragonal [Formula: see text]-V2O5 phase structure with the preferred orientation along [200]. With increasing the doping level, the samples tend to be amorphous. The structure of the samples reveals to be nanobelt-shaped whose width decreases from nearly 100 nm to 40 nm with S concentration. The photoconductivity measurements show that by increasing the S-doping level, the photosensitivity increases, which is due to the prolonged electron’s lifetime as a result of enhanced defect states acting as trap levels.
Hidden and Nonstandard Bifurcation Diagram of an Alternate Quadratic System
Authors: Pastor G. , Romera M. , Danca M.-F. , Martin A. , Orue A. B. , Montoya F. , Encinas L. Hernández 
Published: March 2016

Alternate quadratic systems [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are different parameters, seem to be interval maps in a range of the parameter values. However, after a careful graphical analysis of their bifurcation diagrams we conclude that this is true only for system B, but not for system A. In system A we find a hidden and nonstandard bifurcation diagram (“hidden” because it is not visible at normal resolution and “nonstandard” because the bifurcation diagram is empty for some ranges of the parameter values). The different behavior of the underlying critical polynomial in the range of parameter values in both alternate quadratic systems explains why the hidden and nonstandard bifurcation diagram is present in system A and not in system B. The analysis of the Lyapunov exponent also shows both the existence and the different behavior of the hidden bifurcation diagram of system A.
MicroRNA MIR21 (miR-21) and PTGS2 Expression in Colorectal Cancer and Patient Survival
Authors: Mima Kosuke , Nishihara Reiko , Yang Juhong , Dou Ruoxu , Masugi Yohei , Shi Yan , da Silva Annacarolina , Cao Yin , Song Mingyang , Nowak Jonathan , Gu Mancang , Li Wanwan , Morikawa Teppei , Zhang Xuehong , Wu Kana , Baba Hideo , Giovannucci Edward L. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Chan Andrew T. , Fuchs Charles S. , Qian Zhi Rong , Ogino Shuji 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2, cyclooxygenase-2; a target of aspirin) produces inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and contributes to colorectal neoplasia development. PTGS2-driven inflammatory responses can induce tumor expression of microRNA MIR21 (miR-21) that can increase local PGE2 level by downregulating PGE2-metabolizing enzymes. We hypothesized that the prognostic association of tumor MIR21 expression level in colorectal carcinoma might depend on inflammatory tumor microenvironment and be stronger in tumors expressing high-level PTGS2.
Experimental Design: Utilizing 765 rectal and colon cancer specimens in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we measured MIR21 expression by quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and PTGS2 expression by immunohistochemistry. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess statistical interaction between MIR21 and PTGS2 in colorectal cancer–specific survival analysis, controlling for potential confounders including microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, LINE-1 methylation level, and KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations.
Results: Tumor MIR21 expression level was associated with higher colorectal cancer–specific mortality (Ptrend = 0.029), and there was a statistically significant interaction between MIR21 and PTGS2 (Pinteraction = 0.0004). The association between MIR21 expression and colorectal cancer–specific mortality was statistically significant in PTGS2-high cancers (multivariable hazard ratio of the highest vs. lowest quartile of MIR21, 2.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.42–3.67; Ptrend = 0.0004) but not in PTGS2-absent/low cancers (Ptrend = 0.22).
Conclusions: MIR21 expression level in colorectal carcinoma is associated with worse clinical outcome, and this association is stronger in carcinomas expressing high-level PTGS2, suggesting complex roles of immunity and inflammation in tumor progression. Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3841–8. ©2016 AACR.
Tumor-Produced Interleukin-8 Attracts Human Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Elicits Extrusion of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)
Authors: Alfaro Carlos , Teijeira Alvaro , Oñate Carmen , Pérez Guiomar , Sanmamed Miguel F. , Andueza Maria Pilar , Alignani Diego , Labiano Sara , Azpilikueta Arantza , Rodriguez-Paulete Alfonso , Garasa Saray , Fusco Juan P. , Aznar Angela , Inogés Susana , De Pizzol Maria , Allegretti Marcello , Medina-Echeverz Jose , Berraondo Pedro , Perez-Gracia Jose L. , Melero Ignacio 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are considered an important T-cell immunosuppressive component in cancer-bearing hosts. The factors that attract these cells to the tumor microenvironment are poorly understood. IL8 (CXCL8) is a potent chemotactic factor for neutrophils and monocytes.
Experimental Design: MDSC were characterized and sorted by multicolor flow cytometry on ficoll-gradient isolated blood leucokytes from healthy volunteers (n = 10) and advanced cancer patients (n = 28). In chemotaxis assays, sorted granulocytic and monocytic MDSC were tested in response to recombinant IL8, IL8 derived from cancer cell lines, and patient sera. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation was assessed by confocal microscopy, fluorimetry, and time-lapse fluorescence confocal microscopy on short-term MDSC cultures.
Results: IL8 chemoattracts both granulocytic (GrMDSC) and monocytic (MoMDSC) human MDSC. Monocytic but not granulocytic MDSC exerted a suppressor activity on the proliferation of autologous T cells isolated from the circulation of cancer patients. IL8 did not modify the T-cell suppressor activity of human MDSC. However, IL8 induced the formation of NETs in the GrMDSC subset.
Conclusions: IL8 derived from tumors contributes to the chemotactic recruitment of MDSC and to their functional control. Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3924–36. ©2016 AACR.
Transposon Mutagenesis Reveals Fludarabine Resistance Mechanisms in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Pandzic Tatjana , Larsson Jimmy , He Liqun , Kundu Snehangshu , Ban Kenneth , Akhtar-Ali Muhammad , Hellström Anders R. , Schuh Anna , Clifford Ruth , Blakemore Stuart J. , Strefford Jonathan C. , Baumann Tycho , Lopez-Guillermo Armando , Campo Elias , Ljungström Viktor , Mansouri Larry , Rosenquist Richard , Sjöblom Tobias , Hellström Mats 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Purpose: To identify resistance mechanisms for the chemotherapeutic drug fludarabine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), as innate and acquired resistance to fludarabine-based chemotherapy represents a major challenge for long-term disease control.
Experimental Design: We used piggyBac transposon-mediated mutagenesis, combined with next-generation sequencing, to identify genes that confer resistance to fludarabine in a human CLL cell line.
Results: In total, this screen identified 782 genes with transposon integrations in fludarabine-resistant pools of cells. One of the identified genes is a known resistance mediator DCK (deoxycytidine kinase), which encodes an enzyme that is essential for the phosphorylation of the prodrug to the active metabolite. BMP2K, a gene not previously linked to CLL, was also identified as a modulator of response to fludarabine. In addition, 10 of 782 transposon-targeted genes had previously been implicated in treatment resistance based on somatic mutations seen in patients refractory to fludarabine-based therapy. Functional characterization of these genes supported a significant role for ARID5B and BRAF in fludarabine sensitivity. Finally, pathway analysis of transposon-targeted genes and RNA-seq profiling of fludarabine-resistant cells suggested deregulated MAPK signaling as involved in mediating drug resistance in CLL.
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first forward genetic screen for chemotherapy resistance in CLL. The screen pinpointed novel genes and pathways involved in fludarabine resistance along with previously known resistance mechanisms. Transposon screens can therefore aid interpretation of cancer genome sequencing data in the identification of genes modifying sensitivity to chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6217–27. ©2016 AACR.
Pharmacology in the Era of Targeted Therapies: The Case of PI3K Inhibitors
Authors: Toska Eneda , Baselga José 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The PI3K pathway is often aberrantly activated in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer and therapies combining PI3K inhibitors and antiestrogens are under clinical development. Given that many PI3K inhibitors have substantial toxicities with continuous dosing and that alternate dosing schedules are equally active, further clinical exploration is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2099–101. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Yang et al., p. 2250
Predictive Biomarkers for PD-1 Axis Therapies: The Hidden Treasure or a Call for Research
Authors: Schalper Kurt A. , Kaftan Edward , Herbst Roy S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Blockade of the PD-1 axis has emerged as an effective anticancer immunotherapy against various tumor types. Diverse studies have identified biomarkers associated with response to these therapies. However, the clinical use of such tests is limited by their variable performance and restricted understanding of their biologic significance. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2102–4. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Ock et al., p. 2261
Elevated Triglyceride Level Is Independently Associated With Increased All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Established Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Klempfner Robert , Erez Aharon , Sagit Ben-Zekry , Goldenberg Ilan , Fisman Enrique , Kopel Eran , Shlomo Nir , Israel Ariel , Tenenbaum Alexander 
Published: March 2016

Background—
The independent association between elevated triglycerides and all-cause mortality among patients with established coronary heart disease is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate this association in a large cohort of patients with proven coronary heart disease.

Methods and Results—

The study cohort comprised 15 355 patients who were screened for the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) trial. Twenty-two–year mortality data were obtained from the national registry. Patients were divided into 5 groups according to strata of fasting serum triglycerides: (1) low-normal triglycerides (<100 mg/dL); (2) high-normal triglycerides (100–149 mg/dL); (3) borderline hypertriglyceridemia triglycerides (150–199 mg/dL); (4) moderate hypertriglyceridemia triglycerides (200–499 mg/dL); (5) severe hypertriglyceridemia triglycerides (≥500 mg/dL). Age- and sex-adjusted survival was 41% in the low-normal triglycerides group than 37%, 36%, 35%, and 25% in groups with progressively higher triglycerides (
P
<0.001). In an adjusted Cox-regression for various covariates including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, each 1 unit of natural logarithm (Ln) triglycerides elevation was associated with a corresponding 6% (
P
=0.016) increased risk of 22-year all-cause mortality. The 22-year mortality risk for patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia was increased by 68% when compared with patients with low-normal triglycerides (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
In patients with established coronary heart disease, higher triglycerides levels are independently associated with increased 22-year mortality. Even in patients with triglycerides of 100 to 149 mg/dL, the elevated risk for death could be detected than in patients with lower triglycerides levels, whereas severe hypertriglyceridemia denotes a population with particularly increased mortality risk.
Impaired Arm Function and Finger Dexterity in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Stroke
Authors: McEntire Caleb R.S. , Choudhury Gourav R. , Torres April , Steinberg Gary K. , Redmond D. Eugene , Daadi Marcel M. 
Published: March 2016

Background and Purpose—
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of upper extremity motor impairments. Although several well-characterized experimental stroke models exist, modeling of upper extremity motor impairments, which are unique to primates, is not well established. Cortical representation of dexterous movements in nonhuman primates is functionally and topographically similar to that in humans. In this study, we characterize the African green monkey model of focal ischemia reperfusion with a defined syndrome, impaired dexterous movements.

Methods—
Cerebral ischemia was induced by transient occlusion of the M3 segment of the left middle cerebral artery. Motor and cognitive functions after stroke were evaluated using the object retrieval task with barrier-detour. Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology were performed to map and characterize the infarct.

Results—
The middle cerebral artery occlusion consistently produced a necrotic infarct localized in the sensorimotor cortex in the middle cerebral artery territory. The infarction was reproducible and resulted in significant loss of fine motor function characterized by impaired dexterity. No significant cognitive impairment was detected. Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology demonstrated consistent and significant loss of tissue on the left parietal cortex by the central sulcus covering the sensorimotor area. The results suggest that this species has less collateralization, which closely resembles humans.

Conclusions—
The reported nonhuman primate model produces a defined and reproducible syndrome relevant to our understanding of ischemic stroke, cortical representation, and sensorimotor integration controlling dexterous movements. This model will be useful in basic and translational research addressing loss of arm function and dexterity.
“The Stippling Shows Statistically Significant Grid Points”: How Research Results are Routinely Overstated and Overinterpreted, and What to Do about It
Authors: Wilks D. S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSpecial care must be exercised in the interpretation of multiple statistical hypothesis tests—for example, when each of many tests corresponds to a different location. Correctly interpreting results of multiple simultaneous tests requires a higher standard of evidence than is the case when evaluating results of a single test, and this has been known in the atmospheric sciences literature for more than a century. Even so, the issue continues to be widely ignored, leading routinely to overstatement and overinterpretation of scientific results, to the detriment of the discipline. This paper reviews the history of the multiple-testing issue within the atmospheric sciences literature and illustrates a statistically principled and computationally easy approach to dealing with it—namely, control of the false discovery rate.