bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Othering refugees: exclusion, containment and spaces of hope
Authors: Musiol Lynn 
Published: May 2016

Othering refugees: exclusion, containment and spaces of hope
The article examines mechanisms of othering the refugees illustrated on one refugee camp in Germany. Based on the theoretical strand of the foreigner dispositif, I analyze spatial and architectural compositions of the camp to outline the differentiation of ‘we’ (nation state) and ‘others’ (refugees). In the process of othering space excludes, controls and identifies refugees as ‘others’. However, being identified as the other, space can also be conceived as a specific space of hope. The findings shed some light on the link between othering, space and identity.
‘Boeven vangen’
Authors: Kleijer-Kool Lianne , Landman Wouter 
Published: May 2016

‘Catching crooks’: the game between police officers and the Other
This article is based on ethnographic research over recent years in eight Dutch police teams. It focuses on the othering process in which police officers define ‘crooks’ as the Other and chase, catch and arrest them. Catching crooks is perceived as an assignment as well as a game. Street cops construct detailed subcategories of the crook which influence their daily practices. They select crooks by recognition (the permanent suspects), by abnormalization (out of placeness) and by profiling (regardless of place). In addition to the discussion on ethnic profiling, we argue that profiling is a contextual practice. The contents of the profiles depend on the demographic characteristics of the district in which a police team operates. Interacting mediaframes of both the crook and the police reinforce the mutual caricatures and tense relationships.
Moving beyond the other
Authors: Taylor Stuart 
Published: May 2016

Moving beyond the other: A critique of the reductionist drugs discourse
This paper uses the UK as a vehicle through which to argue that a dominant reductionist drugs discourse exists which simplifies understandings of drug use and drug users leading to socio-cultural misrepresentations of harm, risk and dangerousness. It contends that at the centre of this discourse lies the process of othering – the identification of specific substances and substance users as a threat to UK society. Interestingly, within the wider context of global drug policy reform this othering process appears to be expanding to target a wider variety of factors and actors – those policies, research findings and individuals which contest normative notions, resulting in the marginalisation of ‘alternative voices’ which question the entrenched assumptions associated with drug prohibition. The paper concludes that there is a need for collective action by critical scholars to move beyond the other, calling for academics to be innovative in their research agendas, creative in their dissemination of knowledge and resolute despite the threat of being othered themselves.
Analysis of Impact of Disruptions Coming from a Ship on the Accuracy of Determining the Location of the Tracked Air Target by The Modified Optoelectronic Scanning and Tracking Ir Seeker
Authors: Gapiński Daniel 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The paper presents the results of research whose aim was to specify the impact of disruptions coming from the movement of a ship on the accuracy of determining the location of the tracked target by the modified, optoelectronic scanning and tracking seeker (OSTS). The basic task of OSTS consists in detecting and then tracking closely the detected air target, emitting infrared radiation.
Multiple layered metallic nanostructures for strong surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy enhancement
Authors: Xia Ming , Qiao Kuan , Cheng Zhiyuan , Xie Ya-Hong 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We report a systematic study on a practical way of patterning metallic nanostructures to achieve high surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) enhancement factors (EFs) and high hot-spot density. By simply superimposing a 1-layer Au nanotriangle array on another to form a multilayer nanotriangle array, the SERS signal can be enhanced by 2 orders of magnitude compared with a 1-layer nanotriangle array. The drastic increases in the SERS EF and the hot spot density of the multilayer Au nanotriangle array are due to the increase in the number of gaps formed between Au nanotriangles and the decrease of the gap width.
Method for direct detection of pitch angle scattering of energetic electrons caused by whistler mode chorus emissions
Authors: Kitahara M. , Katoh Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Wave‐Particle Interaction Analyzer (WPIA), a new instrument proposed by Fukuhara et al. (2009), measures the relative phase angle between the wave magnetic field vector and the velocity vector of each particle and calculates the energy exchange from waves to particles. In this study, we expand its applicability by proposing a method of using the WPIA to directly detect pitch angle scattering of resonant particles by plasma waves by calculating the g values. The g value is defined as the accumulation value of the Lorentz force acting on each particle and indicates the lost momentum of waves. We apply the proposed method to the results of a one‐dimensional electron hybrid simulation reproducing the generation of whistler mode chorus emissions around the magnetic equator. Using the wave and particle data obtained at fixed observation points assumed in the simulation system, we conduct a pseudo‐observation of the simulation result using the WPIA and analyze the g values. Our analysis yielded significant values indicating the strong pitch angle scattering for electrons in the kinetic energy and pitch angle ranges satisfying the cyclotron resonance condition with the reproduced chorus emissions. The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed method enables us to directly and quantitatively identify the location at which pitch angle scattering occurs in the simulation system and that the method can be applied to the results of space‐based observations by the forthcoming Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace (ERG) satellite.
Exploring historical and future urban climate in the Earth System Modeling framework: 1. Model development and evaluation
Authors: Li Dan , Malyshev Sergey , Shevliakova Elena 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA number of recent studies investigated impacts of Land‐Use and Land‐Cover Changes (LULCC) on climate with global Earth System Models (ESMs). Yet many ESMs are still missing a representation of the most extreme form of natural landscape modification – urban settlements. Moreover, long‐term (i.e., decades to century) transitions between build‐up and other land cover types due to urbanization and de‐urbanization have not been examined in the literature. In this study we evaluate a new urban canopy model (UCM) that characterizes urban physical and biogeochemical processes within the subgrid tiling framework of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) land model, LM3. The new model LM3‐UCM is based on the urban canyon concept and simulates exchange of energy, water (liquid and solid), and carbon between urban land and the atmosphere. LM3‐UCM has several unique features, including explicit treatment of vegetation inside the urban canyon and dynamic transition between urban, agricultural and unmanaged tiles. The model is evaluated using observational data sets collected at three urban sites: Marseille in France, Basel in Switzerland and Baltimore in the United States. It is found that LM3‐UCM satisfactorily reproduces canyon air temperature, surface temperatures, radiative fluxes, and turbulent heat fluxes at the three urban sites. LM3‐UCM can capture urban features in a computationally efficient manner and is incorporated into the land component of GFDL ESMs. This new capability will enable improved understanding of climate change effects on cities and the impacts of urbanization on climate.
Post‐traumatic hypopituitarism: report of a child case
Authors: Aoki Makoto , Hagiwara Shuichi , Murata Masato , Kaneko Minoru , Kanbe Masahiko , Nakajima Jun , Sawada Yusuke , Ohyama Yoshio , Tamura Jun'ichi , Oshima Kiyohiro 
Published: May 2016

CaseWe report a case of post‐traumatic hypopituitarism in a 9‐year‐old boy who was injured in a car accident.OutcomePost‐traumatic hypopituitarism might be caused by moderate to severe head trauma, and while this possibility has recently drawn attention in adults, few reports are available regarding children. Our patient experienced head and facial injury, resulting in post‐traumatic hypopituitarism. Six hours after injury he suffered from diabetes insipidus and hormone replacement therapy was started. On day 12 he underwent facial fracture reduction under general anesthesia. On day 24 he was discharged from the hospital. One year after the injury, secretory function and water dehydration tests suggested the possibility of post‐traumatic hypopituitarism.ConclusionWe experienced a child case of post‐traumatic hypopituitarism. Emergency physicians should pay attention to the possibility of post‐traumatic hypopituitarism in cases of traumatic brain injury.
Protein‐Framed Multi‐Porphyrin Micelles for a Hybrid Natural–Artificial Light‐Harvesting Nanosystem
Authors: Liu Yannan , Jin Jiyang , Deng Hongping , Li Ke , Zheng Yongli , Yu Chunyang , Zhou Yongfeng 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA micelle‐like hybrid natural–artificial light‐harvesting nanosystem was prepared through protein‐framed electrostatic self‐assembly of phycocyanin and a four‐armed porphyrin star polymer. The nanosystem has a special structure of pomegranate‐like unimolecular micelle aggregate with one phycocyanin acceptor in the center and multiple porphyrin donors in the shell. It can inhibit donor self‐quenching effectively and display efficient transfer of excitation energy (about 80.1 %) in water. Furthermore, the number of donors contributing to a single acceptor could reach as high as about 179 in this nanosystem.
The Expression of the Androgen Receptor and Estrogen Receptor 1 is Related to Sex Dimorphism in the Gerbil Prostate Development
Authors: Sanches Bruno D.A. , Maldarine Juliana S. , Zani Bruno C. , Biancardi Manoel F. , Santos Fernanda C.A. , Góes Rejane M. , Vilamaior Patricia S.L. , Taboga Sebastião R. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe development of the prostate gland in females has not yet been clearly elucidated, and the sexual dimorphism associated with such gland development in general is far from being understood. In the present study, we used tridimensional (3D) reconstructions and histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to describe the sexual dimorphism and its causes in the early postnatal development of the prostate in male and female Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). We observed that the female prostate was smaller, had fewer branches throughout the development, and underwent differentiation earlier than that in males. Also, the expression of the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1 or ER‐alpha) and fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) was decreased in the periductal region, and the expression of the androgen receptor (AR) was increased in the epithelium. All together, these changes decreased proliferation and branching and led to an earlier prematuration of the female prostate. These new data shed light on the underlying mechanisms involved with the sexual dimorphism in the development of the prostate. Anat Rec, 299:1130–1139, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical outcomes following bifurcation double‐stenting with bioresorbable scaffolds
Authors: Tanaka Akihito , Latib Azeem , Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Jabbour Richard J. , Mangieri Antonio , Pagnesi Matteo , Montalto Claudio , Regazzoli Damiano , Ancona Marco , Chieffo Alaide , Carlino Mauro , Montorfano Matteo , Colombo Antonio 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate outcomes following bifurcation double‐stenting utilizing a bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) in the main branch (MB) and either a BRS or metallic drug‐eluting stent (DES) in the side branch (SB).BackgroundsData on outcomes of bifurcation lesions treated with BRSs, especially with double‐stenting, are currently lacking.MethodsData were examined from 42 de novo bifurcation lesions (41 patients) treated with double‐stenting utilizing Absorb BRS in MB and BRS/DES in SB. Clinical outcomes including cardiac death, follow‐up myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and definite scaffold/stent thrombosis (ST) were investigated.ResultsThe majority of target lesions were left anterior descending artery (LAD) bifurcations, and intravascular imaging was used in the majority of cases (92.9%). In SBs, BRSs were utilized in 19 lesions (19 patients) and DESs in 23 lesions (22 patients). Angiographic success was achieved in all lesions. The median follow‐up was 594 days (interquartile range 214 − 838 days). The overall TLR‐rates were 9.7% at 1 year and 14.0% at 2 years (MB‐TLR: 6.9% at 1 year and 11.1% at 2 years; SB TLR: 9.7% at 1 year and 14.0% at 2 years). No definite ST was observed during follow‐up. TLR rates in both the MB and SB tended to be higher in the SB‐BRS group when compared to the SB‐DES group.ConclusionMid‐term clinical outcomes following double‐stenting using BRS were acceptable. Bifurcation lesions treated with DES in SB tended to have lower TLR rates in both the MB and SB when compared to implanting BRS in both branches. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapidly progressed aortic stenosis in a patient with previous diagnosis of polycythemia vera and post‐polycythemia vera myelofibrosis
Authors: Kiso Shohei , Naito Ryo , Fukao Kosuke , Hiki Makoto , Miyazaki Tetsuro , Takagi Atsutoshi , Miyauchi Katsumi , Daida Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2016

Key Clinical MessagePolycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative disease that is often complicated with thromboembolism. However, aortic stenosis (AS) could be a manifestation of the cardiovascular complications of PV possibly through shear stress and atherosclerosis. We report a rare case of rapidly progressed AS in a patient with PV.
Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Addition of Phenols to Alkyne Cobalt Cluster Stabilized Carbocations
Authors: Valderas Carolina , Casarrubios Luis , Lledos Agusti , Ortuño Manuel A. , de la Torre María C. , Sierra Miguel A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA smooth catalytic method to use phenols as the nucleophilic partner in the Nicholas reaction has been developed. The method uses either AgI or AuI catalysts with AgClO4 or AgBF4 as the most efficient catalysts tested. Neither additional additives nor cocatalysts were required and the formation of the corresponding phenol adducts occurred in excellent yields. The process has the single limitation of the inability of less nucleophilic phenols (4‐nitrophenol) to generate the corresponding adducts. Additionally, the reaction is highly diastereoselective. DFT calculations allow a catalytic cycle to be proposed that involves trimetallic intermediates; the rate‐determining step of the reaction is hydroxy‐group elimination in a cobalt–silver trimetallic intermediate.
Octopaminergic system in the central nervous system of the terrestrial slug Limax
Authors: Matsuo Ryota , Tanaka Marin , Fukata Rena , Kobayashi Suguru , Aonuma Hitoshi , Matsuo Yuko 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe terrestrial slug Limax can learn to avoid the odor of some food (e.g., carrot juice) by the simultaneous presentation of an aversive stimulus (e.g., bitterness of quinidine). This type of associative memory critically depends on the higher olfactory center, the procerebrum in the central nervous system. The modulation of the local field potential (LFP) oscillation recorded on the procerebrum has been thought to reflect the information processing of the odor that elicits the behavioral change, such as avoidance of the aversively learned odor or approaching an attractive food's odor. Here we focused on octopamine, an important neuromodulator involved in learning and memory in invertebrates, and considered to be the invertebrate equivalent of noradrenaline. We identified a few octopaminergic neurons in the subesophageal and buccal ganglia, and a larger number near the procerebrum in the cerebral ganglia, using immunohistochmical staining and in situ hybridization of tyramine β‐hydroxylase, an octopamine‐synthesizing enzyme. Application of octopamine reduced the frequency of LFP oscillation in a dose‐dependent manner, and this effect was inhibited by preincubation with phentolamine. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of octopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline in the central nervous system. Unexpectedly, noradrenaline and adrenaline both accelerated the LFP oscillation, in contrast to octopamine. Our results suggest that octopamine and noradrenaline have distinct functions in olfactory information processing, in spite of their structural similarity. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3849–3864, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The search for true numbers of neurons and glial cells in the human brain: A review of 150 years of cell counting
Authors: von Bartheld Christopher S. , Bahney Jami , Herculano‐Houzel Suzana 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTFor half a century, the human brain was believed to contain about 100 billion neurons and one trillion glial cells, with a glia:neuron ratio of 10:1. A new counting method, the isotropic fractionator, has challenged the notion that glia outnumber neurons and revived a question that was widely thought to have been resolved. The recently validated isotropic fractionator demonstrates a glia:neuron ratio of less than 1:1 and a total number of less than 100 billion glial cells in the human brain. A survey of original evidence shows that histological data always supported a 1:1 ratio of glia to neurons in the entire human brain, and a range of 40–130 billion glial cells. We review how the claim of one trillion glial cells originated, was perpetuated, and eventually refuted. We compile how numbers of neurons and glial cells in the adult human brain were reported and we examine the reasons for an erroneous consensus about the relative abundance of glial cells in human brains that persisted for half a century. Our review includes a brief history of cell counting in human brains, types of counting methods that were and are employed, ranges of previous estimates, and the current status of knowledge about the number of cells. We also discuss implications and consequences of the new insights into true numbers of glial cells in the human brain, and the promise and potential impact of the newly validated isotropic fractionator for reliable quantification of glia and neurons in neurological and psychiatric diseases. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3865–3895, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An improved energy‐based approach for selecting pulse‐like ground motions
Authors: Chang Zhiwang , Sun Xiaodan , Zhai Changhai , Zhao John X. , Xie Lili 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis study proposes an improved energy‐based approach for quantitative classification of velocity‐pulse‐like ground motions. The pulse amplitude is determined, in its value and in time location, by the amplitude of the half‐cycle pulse having the largest seismic energy. After conducting statistical analyses, a newly‐determined threshold level for selecting pulse‐like ground motions is derived; and then what followed is a comparison analysis of three pulse‐detecting schemes, one using the wavelet analysis, the other two using the energy concept. It is believed that other than providing a useful way of classifying pulse‐like ground motions for structural demand analysis, knowledge of this work could also benefit the development of the ground motion prediction equations accounting for pulse effects, and further to aid the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in a near‐fault environment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quaternary seismic facies of the South Yellow Sea shelf: depositional processes influenced by sea‐level change and tectonic controls
Authors: Li X. S. , Zhao Y. X. , Feng Z. B. , Liu C. G. , Xie Q. H. , Zhou Q. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe South Yellow Sea (SYS) is a semi‐closed epicontinental sea, where voluminous material input and regional tectonic subsidence facilitate preservation of depositional strata, making it an ideal place for studying the regional responses to global sea‐level changes during the Quaternary. Based on high‐resolution single‐channel seismic data, we conducted a detailed study of the SYS shelf in terms of its stratigraphic architecture and seismic facies. In combination with borehole data, we analysed the depositional processes of the SYS shelf since the Quaternary. A minimum of 14 seismic sequences were identified on the seismic profiles, which primarily show four typical seismic reflection facies: progradational reflection facies, parallel reflection facies, chaotic reflection facies and incised valley facies, with the former two seismic facies usually alternating with the latter two vertically. Borehole and seismic data revealed that the SYS shelf has been basically controlled by global sea‐level changes since the Quaternary, and three significant transgression events had occurred over the SYS shelf since the Middle Pleistocene (ca. 730 ka BP–Present), taking place in the early Middle Pleistocene, the early Late Pleistocene and at the end of the Late Pleistocene–Holocene, respectively, with their products corresponding to seismic sequences U90, U50 and U10, respectively. Seismic data showed that, in a previous division of the main boundaries for holes EY02‐2, NHH01 and QC2, the Holocene and the Upper Pleistocene bottom boundaries are concordant, while the Middle Pleistocene bottom boundary is discordant, and our study indicated that the division scheme for the Middle Pleistocene bottom boundary related to holes EY02‐2 and NHH01 is more reasonable. The turning point of variation in the depositional environment of the SYS is at the end of the Middle Pleistocene, before which global sea‐level change and tectonic subsidence controlled the shelf deposition. The shelf was inclined westwards and the tectonic topography of the southern margin of the shelf‐forced seawater to invade via passages during sea‐level rise. This resulted in a limited stratigraphic distribution formed by short‐duration transgression events with low‐amplitude sea‐level rise; thereafter, the shelf deposition was predominated by global sea‐level and rivers, and the shelf sediments were mainly derived from mainland China on the west of the shelf and were primarily accumulated on the middle and western parts of the shelf. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Centenary of Emanuel Gil‐Av, Former Professor of the Weizmann Institute of Science and Pioneer of Enantioselective Chromatography
Authors: Schurig Volker 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEmanuel Gil‐Av (Zimkin) was born in 1916 and passed away in 1996. The introduction of chemical selectivity into the chromatographic separation process constitutes his main scientific contribution. This approach culminated in the first enantiomeric separation of racemic amino acids by gas chromatography on an optically active chiral stationary phase in 1966, together with Binyamin Feibush and Rosita Charles‐Sigler. Thus the year 2016 marks an important date to remember and to appreciate the invaluable achievements of Gil‐Av in the realm of chirality carried out at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel.