bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRABALHO E EDUCAÇÃO: UM DEBATE NECESSÁRIO E URGENTE DIANTE DAS MUDANÇAS NO MUNDO DO TRABALHO
Authors: Batista Eraldo Leme 
Published: April 2017

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: ";Garamond";,";serif";; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;">Resumo: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: ";Garamond";,";serif";;">Neste artigo, analisamos as mudanças que ocorrem no mundo de trabalho, articulando com a discussão política e ideológica sobre a vinculação da escolarização como passaporte para o emprego. A partir de algumas considerações, apontamos os equívocos desta tese, principalmente quando analisamos categorias de trabalhadores com alto grau de escolarização e que foram fortemente atingidas com os processos de reestruturação em tempos neoliberais. Entendemos que esta vinculação direta, tem como estratégia, desviar o foco da crise do sistema capitalista e também do processo de reestruturações do capital, sempre visando maior acumulo de capital.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: ";Garamond";,";serif";;"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"> </p>
Dispersion and attenuation measurements of the elastic moduli of a dual‐porosity limestone
Authors: Borgomano J. V. M. , Pimienta L. , Fortin J. , Guéguen Y. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe dispersion and the attenuation of the elastic moduli of a Lavoux limestone have been measured over a large frequency range: 10−3 Hz to 101 Hz and 1 MHz. The studied sample comes from a Dogger outcrop of Paris Basin and has the particularity to have a bimodal porosity distribution, with an equal proportion of intragranular microporosity and intergranular macroporosity. In addition to ultrasonic measurements, two different stress‐strain methods have been used in a triaxial cell to derive all the elastic moduli at various differential pressures. The first method consists of hydrostatic stress oscillations (f∈[0.004;0.4] Hz), using the confining pressure pump, from which the bulk modulus was deduced. The second method consists of axial oscillations (f∈[0.01;10] Hz), using a piezoelectric oscillator on top of the sample, from which Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio were deduced. With the assumption of an isotropic medium, the bulk modulus (K) and the shear modulus (G) can also be computed from the axial oscillations. The sample was studied under dry, glycerin‐ and water‐saturated conditions, in order to scale frequency by the viscosity of the fluid. Results show a dispersion at around 200 Hz for water‐saturated conditions, affecting all the moduli except the shear modulus. This dispersion is related to the drained/undrained transition, and the bulk modulus deduced from the axial and hydrostatic oscillations are consistent with each other and with Biot‐Gassmann's equations. No dispersion has been detected beyond that frequency. This was interpreted as the absence of squirt flow or local diffusion between the microporous oolites and the macropores.
The role of hydrothermal cooling of the oceanic lithosphere for ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow
Authors: Schmeling Harro , Marquart Gabriele , Nawa Viktor 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe investigate the influence of hydrothermal circulation on cooling of oceanic lithosphere. We include hydrothermal convection in a 1‐D lithosphere cooling model by using a scaling law which relates the Rayleigh to the Nusselt number. This law allows calculating an effective thermal conductivity accounting for the extra heat transport. Based on a global data set for bathymetry and surface heat flow for ocean floor ages between 0.7 and 160 Ma, we perform a joint inversion based on a downhill simplex algorithm to constrain characteristic parameters for hydrothermal cooling (beside the classical parameter mantle temperature, thickness of the lithosphere, and thermal expansivity of lithosphere rocks). Hydrothermal cooling parameters are crack aspect ratio which controls the hydrothermal penetrations depth, characteristic cementation time at which cracks become closed and hydrothermal circulation ceases, and sealing time when enough sedimentary cover on top of the lithosphere has accumulated to prevent hydrothermal fluid escaping into the ocean. Best fitting parameter sets predict mantle temperatures between 1350 and 1450°C and lithosphere thickness between 70 and 90 km and further suggest that (1) the fit to the data is strongly improved if hydrothermal cooling effects are considered, (2) hydrothermal cooling is important for up to 10 Ma old lithosphere and leads to a significant deviation from the 1/square root—law with an exponent closer to 1/3, (3) sedimentary sealing is completed for ~1.5 Ma old lithosphere, and (4) fitting of the data is improved for an apparently 1.4 times higher value of thermal expansivity which may account for effects of melt solidification.
Global soil moisture bimodality in satellite observations and climate models
Authors: Vilasa L. , Miralles D. G. , de Jeu R. A. M. , Dolman A. J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA new diagnostic metric based on soil moisture bimodality is developed in order to examine and compare soil moisture from satellite observations and Earth System Models. The methodology to derive this diagnostic is based on maximum likelihood estimator encoded into an iterative algorithm, which is applied to the soil moisture probability density function. This metric is applied to satellite data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System and global climate models data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Results show high soil moisture bimodality in transitional climate areas and high latitudes, potentially associated with land‐atmosphere feedback processes. When comparing satellite versus climate models, a clear difference in their soil moisture bimodality is observed, with systematically higher values in the case of CMIP5 models. These differences appear related to areas where land‐atmospheric feedback may be overestimated in current climate models.
Correlation between the spectral features and electric field changes of multiple return strokes in negative cloud‐to‐ground lightning
Authors: Wang Xuejuan , Yuan Ping , Cen Jianyong , Liu Guorong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUsing high time‐resolved spectra and simultaneous records of the electric field change of three negative cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning flashes with multiple return strokes, the correlations between the total intensity of ionic lines in the spectra and the corresponding amplitude of the initial electric field change, as well as between the total intensity of the spectra and the channel apparent diameter, have been analyzed. The analysis shows the following: (1) The amplitude of the initial electric field change is roughly proportional to the total intensity of ionic lines. (2) The total intensity of the spectra shows a significant linear correlation with the apparent diameter of the channel. (3) The total intensity of ionic lines for 17 analyzed return strokes decreases with increasing height along the channel, which is consistent with the current variation along the channel in the modified transmission line model; the Master, Uman, Lin, and Standler model; and the Diendorfer‐Uman model. Meanwhile, the total intensity of ionic lines for other two analyzed return strokes along the channel without attenuation, this is consistent with the current variation along the channel in the Bruce‐Golde model, the transmission line model, and the Traveling Current Source model.
The role of ocean‐atmosphere interaction in Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) using a regional coupled data assimilation system
Authors: Wada Akiyoshi , Kunii Masaru 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFor improving analyses of tropical cyclone (TC) and sea surface temperature (SST) and thereby TC simulations, a regional mesoscale strongly coupled atmosphere‐ocean data assimilation system was developed with the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) implemented with the Japan Meteorological Agency's nonhydrostatic model (NHM) coupled with a multilayer ocean model and the third‐generation ocean wave model. The NHM‐LETKF coupled data assimilation system was applied to Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) along with the original NHM‐LETKF system to investigate the sensitivity of Sinlaku to SST assimilation with the Level 2 Pre‐processed (L2P) standard product of satellite SST. SST calculated in the coupled‐assimilation experiment with the coupled data assimilation system and the satellite SST (CPL) showed a better correlation with Optimally Interpolated SST than SST used in the control experiment with the original NHM‐LETKF (CNTL) and SST calculated in the succession experiment with the coupled system without satellite SST (SUCC). The time series in the CPL experiment well captured the variation in the SST observed at the Kuroshio Extension Observation buoy site. In addition, TC‐induced sea surface cooling was analyzed more realistically in the CPL experiment than that in the CNTL and SUCC experiments. However, the central pressure analyzed in each three experiments was overestimated compared with the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center Tokyo best‐track central pressure, mainly due to the coarse horizontal resolution of 15 km. The 96 h TC simulations indicated that the CPL experiment provided more favorable initial and boundary conditions than the CNTL experiment to simulate TC tracks more accurately.
Impact of land surface heterogeneity on urban heat island circulation and sea‐land breeze circulation in Hong Kong
Authors: Wang Y. , Di Sabatino S. , Martilli A. , Li Y. , Wong M. S. , Gutiérrez E. , Chan P. W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHong Kong is one of the most high‐rise and highly compact cities in the world. The urban land surface is highly heterogeneous, which creates low‐level convergence zones in urban areas, particularly the Kowloon Peninsula. The low‐level convergence zone is due to the combined effect of urban heat island circulation (UHIC) and sea‐land breeze circulation (SLBC) under weak northeasterly synoptic flow. To study the impacts of anthropogenic fluxes and built‐up areas on the local circulation, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model is combined with the multilayer urban canopy building effect parameterization/building energy model (BEP/BEM) parameterization to produce a 3 day simulation of an air pollution episode in Hong Kong in September 2012. To better represent the city land surface features, building information is assimilated in the central part of the Kowloon Peninsula. The WRF‐BEP‐BEM model captures the 2 m temperature distribution and local wind rotation reasonably well but overestimates the 10 m wind speed with a mean bias error of 0.70 m/s. A dome‐shaped feature with a high level of moisture is captured in the convergence zones due to intensified UHIC and inflowing SLBC. The anthropogenic heat increases the air temperature by around 0.3°C up to 250 m, which in turn modifies the SLBC. A new drag coefficient based on λP, plan area per unit ground area, is tested. Besides the basic physical characteristics captured by the WRF‐BEP‐BEM model, the stagnation of wind in the lower level convergence zone is better captured by this approach than by the traditional constant value coefficient.
Increasing dissolved organic carbon concentrations in northern boreal lakes: Implications for lake water transparency and thermal structure
Authors: Strock Kristin E. , Theodore Nora , Gawley William G. , Ellsworth Alan C. , Saros Jasmine E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe evaluated trends in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and associated changes in water transparency and epilimnion thickness to better understand the implications of regional increases in DOC concentration in lakes. Long‐term monitoring of a suite of physical, chemical, and biological data from six to 12 lakes in Acadia National Park in Maine was paired with high‐frequency sensor monitoring of one lake as a model system. Water transparency declined across study sites since 1995 as DOC increased and chlorophyll remained stable, suggesting that this was not a signal of increased eutrophication. As clarity declined, some lakes experienced reduced epilimnion thickness. The degree to which transparency changed across the lakes was dependent on DOC concentration, with a larger decline in transparency occurring in clear water lakes (−0.3 m yr−1) than brown water lakes (−0.1 m yr−1). DOC concentration was an important explanatory variable for reduced epilimnion thickness in short‐term sensor measurements. A regional decline in water transparency across all lakes and reduction in epilimnion thickness in a limited number of systems appeared to be acting as a sentinel for changes in atmospheric deposition and regional weather that modified the delivery of DOC from the watershed.
Study of Flare Assessment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Based on Paper Patients
Authors: Isenberg D. , Sturgess J. , Allen E. , Aranow C. , Askanase A. , Sang‐Cheol B. , Bernatsky S. , Bruce I. , Buyon J. , Cervera R. , Clarke A. , Dooley Mary Anne , Fortin P. , Ginzler E. , Gladman D. , Hanly J. , Inanc M. , Jacobsen S. , Kamen D. , Khamashta M. , Lim S. , Manzi S. , Nived O. , Peschken C. , Petri M. , Kalunian K. , Rahman A. , Ramsey‐Goldman R. , Romero‐Diaz J. , Ruiz‐Irastorza G. , Sanchez‐Guerrero J. , Steinsson K. , Sturfelt G. , Urowitz M. , van Vollenhoven R. , Wallace D. J. , Zoma A. , Merrill J. , Gordon C. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the level of agreement of disease flare severity (distinguishing severe, moderate, and mild flare and persistent disease activity) in a large paper‐patient exercise involving 988 individual cases of systemic lupus erythematosus.MethodsA total of 988 individual lupus case histories were assessed by 3 individual physicians. Complete agreement about the degree of flare (or persistent disease activity) was obtained in 451 cases (46%), and these provided the reference standard for the second part of the study. This component used 3 flare activity instruments (the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group [BILAG] 2004, Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment [SELENA] flare index [SFI] and the revised SELENA flare index [rSFI]). The 451 patient case histories were distributed to 18 pairs of physicians, carefully randomized in a manner designed to ensure a fair case mix and equal distribution of flare according to severity.ResultsThe 3‐physician assessment of flare matched the level of flare using the 3 indices, with 67% for BILAG 2004, 72% for SFI, and 70% for rSFI. The corresponding weighted kappa coefficients for each instrument were 0.82, 0.59, and 0.74, respectively. We undertook a detailed analysis of the discrepant cases and several factors emerged, including a tendency to score moderate flares as severe and persistent activity as flare, especially when the SFI and rSFI instruments were used. Overscoring was also driven by scoring treatment change as flare, even if there were no new or worsening clinical features.ConclusionGiven the complexity of assessing lupus flare, we were encouraged by the overall results reported. However, the problem of capturing lupus flare accurately is not completely solved.
Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Prevalence, Disease‐Related Indicators, and Associations With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Giles Jon T. , Ferrante Antony W. , Broderick Rachel , Zartoshti Afshin , Rose Janine , Downer Kendall , Zhang Hui‐Zhu , Winchester Robert J. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveAdipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are a potent source of inflammatory cytokines, with profound effects on adipose tissue function, yet their potential role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathobiology is largely unstudied.MethodsPeriumbilical subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from 36 RA patients and 22 non‐RA controls frequency matched on demographics and body mass index. Samples were stained for the macrophage marker CD68, and the average proportions of ATMs, crown‐like structures (periadipocyte aggregates of 3 or more ATMs), and fibrosis were compared between groups.ResultsThe adjusted proportion of ATMs among all nucleated cells was 76% higher in RA than in non‐RA samples (37.7 versus 21.3%, respectively; P < 0.001), and the adjusted average number of crown‐like structures was more than 1.5‐fold higher in the RA group than in controls (0.58 versus 0.23 crown‐like structure/high‐power field, respectively; P = 0.001). ATMs were significantly more abundant in early RA and in those with anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide seropositivity. Users of methotrexate, leflunomide, and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors had a significantly lower proportion of ATMs compared with nonusers. Crown‐like structures were significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid factor seropositivity and in those with C‐reactive protein levels ≥10 mg/liter, and significantly lower among those treated with statins. Linear ATMs were significantly associated with whole‐body insulin resistance, but not with serum lipids.ConclusionsATMs and crown‐like structures were more abundant in RA patients and were associated with systemic inflammation, autoimmunity, and whole‐body insulin resistance, suggesting possible contributions to the RA disease process. Lower levels of ATMs and crown‐like structures associated with specific RA treatments suggest that adipose tissue inflammation may be ameliorated by immunomodulation.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment After Methotrexate: The Durability of Triple Therapy Versus Etanercept
Authors: Peper Shana M. , Lew Robert , Mikuls Ted , Brophy Mary , Rybin Denis , Wu Hongseng , O'Dell James 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveAlthough it is common for rheumatologists to initiate biologic agents after failure of methotrexate monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ample data support the initial use of combinations of conventional therapies in this clinical scenario. Our study explores the durability of triple therapy (methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and hydroxychloroquine) versus methotrexate‐etanercept in RA.MethodsRA patients with suboptimal response to methotrexate (n = 353) were randomized to either triple therapy or methotrexate‐etanercept therapy in a 48‐week, double‐blinded, noninferiority trial. Patients without clinical improvement at 24 weeks were switched to the alternative treatment. Of the total, 289 participated in followup. We report treatment durability, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), and other measures during an open‐label extension for an additional period up to 72 weeks.ResultsMean ± SD duration of open‐label followup was 11 ± 6 months. The likelihood of continuing conventional therapy at 1 year was 78% for triple therapy versus 63% for methotrexate‐etanercept, with most treatment changes occurring at the start of followup. More patients changed from methotrexate‐etanercept to triple therapy than from triple therapy to methotrexate‐etanercept (P = 0.005). DAS28 scores and other disease activity measures were not different for the 2 treatments and were stable during followup.ConclusionIn RA patients with suboptimal methotrexate response randomized to receive triple therapy or methotrexate‐etanercept, the former was found to be significantly more durable. Given cost differences and similar outcomes, the variable durability demonstrated provides additional evidence supporting conventional combinations over biologic agent combinations as the first choice after methotrexate inadequate response.
Simple Metal‐Free Direct Reductive Amination Using Hydrosilatrane to Form Secondary and Tertiary Amines
Authors: Varjosaari Sami E. , Skrypai Vladislav , Suating Paolo , Hurley Joseph J. M. , Lio Ashley M. De , Gilbert Thomas M. , Adler Marc J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis work describes the use of cheap, safe, and easy‐to‐handle hydrosilatrane as the reductant in direct reductive amination reactions. This efficient method enables a facile, metal‐free access to secondary and tertiary amines from a wide range of aldehydes and ketones, with the synthesis of tertiary amines requiring no additives at all. This reaction demonstrates excellent functional group tolerance, chemoselectivity, and scalability.magnified image
Organocatalysis and Biocatalysis Hand in Hand: Combining Catalysts in One‐Pot Procedures
Authors: Bisogno Fabricio R. , López‐Vidal Martín G. , de Gonzalo Gonzalo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMulti‐step processes catalysed by several catalysts working concurrently have been developed in nature, thus improving reaction efficiency. The quest for novel and improved catalytic systems has led to the development of biocatalytic and later to organocatalytic procedures as very valuable tools in asymmetric synthesis while using mild reaction conditions in the absence of metal catalysts. As a timeless challenge, chemists are facing the need for process designs in which different sorts of catalysts can operate successfully in a one‐pot concurrent fashion. Likewise, such designs bring about the best of each catalyst and, in certain cases, enable us to improve problematic issues, such as reactivity, selectivity, solubility, inhibition, etc. Specifically, to combine these two types of catalysts in one‐pot, achieving high yields and selectivity, is a fascinating aspect of catalysis. This review covers representative advances in this field, in particular those in which biocatalysts and organocatalysts are employed either in sequential reactions or in simultaneous processes.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Carbon‐Nitrogen/Carbon‐Selenium Bonds Formation: Synthesis of 2‐(Organochalcogenyl)‐indolizines
Authors: Goulart Tales A. C. , Back Davi F. , Zeni Gilson 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed cyclization of propargylpyridines with diorganyl dichalcogenides was applied to the synthesis of 2‐(organochalcogenyl)‐indolizines. A systematic study of the cyclization system revealed that the mutual action between copper(I) iodide and diorganyl dichalcogenides is essential for the formation of indolizines in good yields avoiding the formation of hydrogenated indolizine. The standard reaction conditions were compatible with many functional groups in the substrates, such as methyl, chlorine, fluorine, methoxy and trifluoromethyl. This protocol was efficient with diorganyl diselenides and ditellurides but ineffective with diorganyl disulfides. In addition, the obtained 2‐(organochalcogenyl)‐indolizines were readily transformed into more complex products by reaction with boronic acids using palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling conditions.magnified image
Multicomponent Reactions with Cyclic Tertiary Amines Enabled by Facile C−N Bond Cleavage
Authors: Zhu Qiming , Yuan Qinghe , Chen Mingwei , Guo Mengping , Huang Hanmin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA novel and catalyst‐free multicomponent reaction with cyclic tertiary amines, electron‐deficient aryl halides or heteroaromatic halides, and Na2S enabled by facile C−N bond cleavage of the cyclic tertiary amines was developed. This direct and operationally simple method can be applied with a wide range of functional groups and provides an efficient and rapid approach to potentially drug‐like products containing amine, azaarene, thioether, or phenol ether functionalities in good to excellent yields. The utility of this method was demonstrated by the rapid synthesis of the analgesic ruzadolane.