bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD40 polymorphism in cervical carcinoma in a subset of Malaysian population
Authors: Krishnappa Purushotham , Kong Hong Mun , Mohamad Ibtisam Binti , Voon Kenny , Somanath Sushela Devi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the allelic frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human CD40 gene in cervical cancer.MethodsA total of 200 cases were selected from the records of the Department of Pathology, Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban, Malaysia. The samples were collected in three separate groups: cervicitis (n = 61), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 69), and cervical carcinoma (n = 70). The patients' demographic data and the respective paraffin‐embedded tissue samples from Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban were obtained upon consent. The sample tissues were submitted for DNA extraction using G‐spin Total DNA Extraction Kit. DNA obtained was then submitted for nested PCR before restriction enzyme digestion.ResultsSNP rs1883832 showed higher prevalence of T alleles in the cervical carcinoma group compared to the control groups and in rs3765459, a higher prevalence of G alleles in the cervical carcinoma group was noted. The results of rs1800686 and rs4810485 were insignificant.ConclusionThe data from our study indicates a potential association between the rs1883832 and rs3765459 CD40 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to cervical cancer.
A unique method for detecting beef tenderness based on viscoelasticity principle
Authors: Long Yuan , Tang Xiuying , Wang Wenjuan , Peng Yankun , Dong Xiaoguang , Kang Xilong , Li Yongyu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTenderness is an important parameter for evaluating textural properties of beef. Viscoelasticity is a comprehensive property of viscosity and elasticity. Detection of beef tenderness based on beef viscoelasticity could avoid sample destruction inherent to the traditional evaluation method. This study has built a novel detection system using an air flow supply and laser displacement sensor to evaluate beef viscoelasticity, collecting measurements of beef sample deformation from the air flow, and of the subsequent recovery occurring during a 12‐second time period. Compression curves and recovery curves were fitted by exponential function. The maximum compression deformation, d1, the recovery deformation, d2, and the total deformation, d3, were calculated. Instantaneous deformations of L1 and L2 were evaluated, including deformation areas of S1 and S2, respectively. The deformations for the period from 8 to 12 s were fitted by linear regression. Principal component analysis was used to find optimal principal components. Partial least squares regression method was used to build a model to predict the validation set. The optimal model was obtained using 12 principal components. Correlation coefficient and root mean square error of calibration set were 0.8541and 5.9727, respectively. Similarly, correlation coefficient and root means square error of validation set were 0.8357, respectively. The results showed that beef tenderness detection based on viscoelasticity can be of great value for practical application. This research provides a unique method for nondestructive and quantitative detection of meat and poultry.Practical applicationsTenderness is of great importance while evaluating the quality of beef. However, there is a lack of effective nondestructive methods to measure beef tenderness. A new method was developed to evaluate beef tenderness by applying air flow pressure on a beef sample surface and using a laser displacement sensor to measure the associated surface deformation as influenced by the beef viscoelasticity. The relationship between beef tenderness and the deformation was established so that the former can be predicted by observed deformation, thus, resulting in a unique method for evaluating beef tenderness.
Characterization of milk composition in narrow‐ridged finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) at different lactation stages
Authors: Zeng Xianyuan , Huang Shiang‐lin , Qian Zhengyi , Hao Yujiang , Wang Ding , Ji Junhua , Nabi Ghulam 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLactation plays a vital role in reproductive success, evolving with ecological adaptations of mammalian life histories. Knowledge of the lactation process in odontocetes is scarce and limited to a handful of species. We investigated the changes in milk composition across different lactation stages, including prepartum mammary secretion and early, mid‐ and late lactation of narrow‐ridged finless porpoises. Prepartum mammary secretion was greenish and characterized by high protein, low sugar, and negligible fat contents. In contrast, milk fat became predominant over protein and sugar contents throughout all lactation stages. At the early lactation stage, the contents of all milk constituents except water varied greatly. At the mid‐late lactation stage, the gross milk composition was relatively stable and was composed of, on average, 67.34% ± 4.13% water, 9.96% ± 0.75% protein, 21.40% ± 3.24% fat, and 1.72% ± 0.73% sugar. Our findings provide new insight into milk composition at different lactation stages in the narrow‐ridged finless porpoise.
Current evidence linking nutrition with brain health in ageing
Authors: Moore K. , O'Shea M. , Hughes C. F. , Hoey L. , Ward M. , McNulty H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCognitive dysfunction and depression are significant problems of ageing with major health and socio‐economic impacts; therefore, preventing or delaying the onset of these disorders should be a public health priority. In particular, there is a need to identify modifiable factors that could be targeted to promote better brain health in ageing. Epidemiological studies indicate a protective role for certain dietary patterns, in particular the Mediterranean diet, and for specific nutrients, including n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and B vitamins. Although, the evidence to date from randomised controlled trials is generally inconsistent, there is clearer evidence to support a role for folate and related B vitamins in slowing the progression of cognitive decline and possibly reducing the risk of depression in ageing. Future studies incorporating new technologies offer much promise for the development of effective nutrition strategies that could reduce the risk of cognitive and mental disorders and improve quality of life in our ageing population.
The MooDFOOD project: Prevention of depression through nutritional strategies
Authors: Cabout M. , Brouwer I. A. , Visser M. ,   the MooDFOOD Consortium
Published: February 2017

AbstractMooDFOOD is a ‘Multi‐country cOllaborative project on the rOle of Diet, Food‐related behaviour, and Obesity in the prevention of Depression’. Depression is one of the most prevalent, severe and disabling disorders in the European Union (EU) and places a heavy burden on individuals and families. A large proportion of the EU population is overweight, which increases depression risk. Targeting food‐related behaviours and nutritional status of people prone to overweight and obesity offers opportunities to prevent depression. The MooDFOOD consortium combines expertise in nutrition, consumer behaviour, psychiatry and preventive health psychology and uses a unique integrative approach. Existing high quality data from longitudinal prospective European cohort studies will be combined with new data from surveys, short‐term experiments and a long‐term preventive intervention study. This approach will provide insight into the causality of the link between diet and depression, and underlying pathways; it will also identify which modifications related to diet and dietary behaviour lead to beneficial changes in depression risk and lower the environmental burden of the diet. Knowledge of all these aspects will be used to develop novel nutritional strategies to prevent depression. In close collaboration with stakeholders and experts, MooDFOOD will transform the identified nutritional strategies into guidelines and practical tools to guide policy at EU and Member State levels. Promotion of the findings through extensive European networks will help to lower the risk of depression and contribute to overall health of all EU citizens.
Modulation of Autonomic Nervous Activity in the Termination of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: HUANG JEN‐HUNG , LIN YUNG‐KUO , HSIEH MING‐HSIUNG , CHEN SHIH‐ANN , CHIU WAN‐CHUN , CHEN YI‐JEN 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundAutonomic nervous activity plays a critical role in the genesis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF, PAF). However, the role of autonomic nervous activity on AF termination has not been elucidated. Heart rate variability (HRV) is widely used to evaluate autonomic nervous activity in humans. The purpose of this study was to assess whether autonomic nervous activity assessed by HRV contributes to AF termination.MethodsElectrocardiograms (ECGs) and HRV were studied in patients with termination of sustained (>30 s) PAF by 24‐hour ambulatory Holter monitoring. The 20‐minute interval after termination of AF was divided into four segments of 5 minutes each, and a frequency analysis was applied to each 5‐minute segment.ResultsIn 52 AF episodes, the ultra‐low‐frequency power, very‐low‐frequency power, low‐frequency power (LF), high‐frequency power (HF), and total power significantly decreased with time after episodes of AF termination. The LF/HF (L/H) ratio, normalized LF (LFnu), and normalized HF (HFnu) significantly changed after AF termination. Eighteen (35%) episodes had decreased LFnu and increased HFnu (sympathetic withdrawal and vagal activation), which had slower average AF ventricular responses (92 ± 16 beats/min vs 105 ± 24 beats/min, P < 0.05) than the AF termination episodes (n = 34, 65%) with increased LFnu and decreased HFnu (sympathetic activation and vagal withdrawal). Moreover, older patients (aged >65 years) had a higher incidence (n = 27, 75%) of AF termination with increased LFnu and decreased HFnu than did younger patients (aged ≤65 years, n = 7, 44%, P < 0.05).ConclusionAutonomic changes critically regulate termination of PAF, which is modulated by aging.
Factor analyzing the Norwegian MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery
Authors: Mohn Christine , Lystad June U. , Ueland Torill , Falkum Erik , Rund Bjørn R. 
Published: February 2017

AimThe MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) assesses seven cognitive domains with 10 subtests. This domain structure has not been demonstrated. Three factors have been produced in US samples. We examined the dimensional structure of the Norwegian MCCB. In addition, we studied the contribution of each subtest to the battery sum score.MethodsThe participants were 131 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 300 healthy controls. Their Norwegian MCCB test scores were subject to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and regression analysis.ResultsThe theoretical MCCB factor structure was not shown. In the patient group, three‐factor and two‐factor models had acceptable fit. In both groups, the Symbol Coding, Spatial Span, Letter–Number Span, and Visual Learning subtests contributed most to the sum score.ConclusionThe theoretical domain structure of the MCCB could not be demonstrated in these Norwegian participants. Consonant with US studies, models with three and two factors had mediocre fit, and in the schizophrenia spectrum disorder group only. In both groups, the subtests Symbol Coding, Working Memory, and Learning were the most sensitive in tapping general neurocognitive performance, supporting US results. We conclude that in both Norway and the USA, the MCCB generates the same cognitive domains through factor analysis, but that these domains are not the ones suggested by the MATRICS project.
Measures of and changes in heart rate variability in pediatric heart transplant recipients
Authors: Williams T. , Tang X. , Gilmore G. , Gossett J. , Knecht K. R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHeart rate variability is primarily regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Heart transplant recipients undergo surgical denervation of the graft, which results in interruption of autonomic innervation with resultant diminished heart rate variability although some degree of autonomic control may return. This study aimed to characterize heart rate variability in this population. We report a retrospective review of Holter monitor data from transplanted patients between 2005 and 2013. Studies with significant atrial or ventricular arrhythmias were excluded. We evaluated changes over time and compared standard time domain measures to published pediatric normal values. Data were reviewed from 582 monitors in 152 patients. We found that pediatric heart transplant recipients have lower heart rate variability than age‐matched controls and higher average heart rate in recipients older than 3 years. There is an increase in measures of variability through the first 3 years post‐transplant with plateau after that time. Surgical technique in regard to interruption of the vagus nerve does not affect variability, nor does underlying congenital vs acquired heart disease.
Estimation of the Common Mean from Heterogeneous Normal Observations with Unknown Variances
Authors: Rukhin Andrew L. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryTo determine the common mean of heterogeneous normal observations, the Bayes procedures and the invariant maximum likelihood estimators of the weights forming the weighted means statistic are obtained when there are no variance estimates. The Bayes statistic is based on the reference, Geisser–Cornfield prior distribution which makes the posterior (discrete) distribution of the mean to be supported by the observed data with probabilities determined via the geometric means of the distances between data points. The maximum likelihood estimator coincides with the observation which has the maximal posterior probability. These procedures can be useful when measurement uncertainties are not reported or are misspecified.
Political Places: Neighborhood Social Organization and the Ecology of Political Behaviors
Authors: Levine Jeremy R. , Leenman Theodore S. , Gershenson Carl , Hureau David M. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveWhile scholars treat neighborhoods as important contexts of inequality, few studies explore the social processes that create disparities in neighborhoods’ political capacities. How does neighborhood social organization affect rates of political participation?MethodsWe combine surveys from the U.S. Census and Boston Neighborhood Survey (BNS), and administrative data from the City of Boston. Accounting for spatial dependence, we fit a series of regression models investigating the relationship between neighborhood social structure and four forms of political engagement: community meeting attendance, contacting local government for services, and voter turnout in a local and a national midterm election.ResultsWe find higher rates of political participation in more stable neighborhoods, and lower rates of participation in neighborhoods with higher concentrations of immigrants. The relationship between collective efficacy and rates of political participation is not statistically significant in our models. We find a positive association between concentrated disadvantage and city election turnout, but this association is nonlinear: beyond a certain threshold, increases in disadvantage are associated with decreasing rates of participation.ConclusionWe argue that neighborhoods are indeed political places, and residential stability, immigrant concentration, and—to a lesser extent—concentrated disadvantage are important factors affecting the civic capacity of urban communities.
Child Abuse Scandal Publicity and Catholic School Enrollment: Does the Boston Globe Coverage Matter?
Authors: Moghtaderi Ali 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveThis study examines the effect of negative publicity that arose from public notices of child abuse allegations in the Catholic Church on the enrollment share and number of Catholic schools in the United States.MethodFitting least square regressions using diocese‐level panel data of Catholic school enrollment share and number of Catholic schools.ResultsI show that the reports of abuse prior to 2002 had no effect on enrollment. Yet, reports since 2002 have had a negative and long‐lasting effect and explain about two‐thirds of the decline in Catholic schooling. These are substantially larger declines than suggested in previous studies.ConclusionI argue that the differing responses to the public notices of child abuse between these two periods are derived from the availability heuristic. This is driven from a fundamental difference in media coverage of the scandal prior to 2002 and afterward. Allegations of child abuse in the Catholic Church received emphatic coverage only after 2002.
Brain Activation Follows Adding-Type Integration Laws: Brain and Rating Responses in an Integration Task with pairs of Emotional Faces
Authors: Pereira Telmo , Oliveira Armando , Fonseca Isabel B. 
Published: February 2017

This study was designed to investigate the relation between rating responses and the patterns of cortical activation in an integration task using pairs of emotional faces. Participants judged on a graphic rating scale the overall affective intensity conveyed by two emotional faces, each presented to one of the two hemispheres via a Divided Visual Field technique (DVF). While they performed the task, EEG was recorded from 6 scalp locations. Three discrete emotions were considered (Joy, Fear, and Anger) and varied across three levels of expression intensity. Some face pairs portrayed the same emotion (same-emotion pairs), others two different emotions (distinct-emotions pairs). The patterns of integration of the two sources of information were examined both at the level of the ratings and of the brain response (event-related-#-desynchronization: ERD) recorded at each EEG lead. Adding-type rules were found for the ratings of both same-emotion and different-emotions pairs. Addingtype integration was also commonly found when #-ERD was taken as a response. Outcomes are discussed with a link to the lateralization of emotional processing and the relations between the observable R (e.g.,
ratings) and possible implementational aspects of the implicit R posited by Information Integration Theory (IIT).
Physical Activity Questionnaires Do Not Accurately Estimate Fitness in Older Women
Authors: Mafra Cabral Aurora de Fátima G.C. , Pinheiro Marcelo Medeiros , Castro Charlles H.M. , De Mello Marco Túlio , Tufik Sérgio , Szejnfeld Vera Lúcia 
Published: February 2017

The objective was to compare the performance of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Baecke questionnaire to estimate maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in healthy older women. One hundred healthy women aged 60 years and older answered the IPAQ and Baecke questionnaires and underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test. The 6-min walk (6MWT), timed up and go (TUG), and handgrip strength test (HST) were also performed. Mean age and body mass index were 68.5 ± 6.3 years and 27 ± 4.7 kg/m2, respectively. No significant correlation was seen between VO2max, IPAQ and Baecke questionnaires. IPAQ did not correlate with any functional tests while Baecke correlated weakly with the 6MWT and TUG test. VO2max correlated significantly with the 6MWT (r = .38; p = .0001), HST (r = .34; p = .001), and TUG (r = −.41; p = .0001). In a multivariate regression model, TUG was the best estimator for VO2max (R2 = .217; p = .0001). In conclusion, IPAQ and Baecke questionnaires do not associate significantly with VO2max in older women.
Differential Disruption of Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking Pathways by Rhinovirus 2A Proteases
Authors: Watters Kelly , Inankur Bahar , Gardiner Jaye C. , Warrick Jay , Sherer Nathan M. , Yin John , Palmenberg Ann C. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

The RNA rhinoviruses (RV) encode 2A proteases (2A
pro
) that contribute essential polyprotein processing and host cell shutoff functions during infection, including the cleavage of Phe/Gly-containing nucleoporin proteins (Nups) within nuclear pore complexes (NPC). Within the 3 RV species, multiple divergent genotypes encode diverse 2A
pro
sequences that act differentially on specific Nups. Since only subsets of Phe/Gly motifs, particularly those within Nup62, Nup98, and Nup153, are recognized by transport receptors (karyopherins) when trafficking large molecular cargos through the NPC, the processing preferences of individual 2A
pro
predict RV genotype-specific targeting of NPC pathways and cargos. To test this idea, transformed HeLa cell lines were created with fluorescent cargos (mCherry) for the importin α/β, transportin 1, and transportin 3 import pathways and the Crm1-mediated export pathway. Live-cell imaging of single cells expressing recombinant RV 2A
pro
(A16, A45, B04, B14, B52, C02, and C15) showed disruption of each pathway with measurably different efficiencies and reaction rates. The B04 and B52 proteases preferentially targeted Nups in the import pathways, while B04 and C15 proteases were more effective against the export pathway. Virus-type-specific trends were also observed during infection of cells with A16, B04, B14, and B52 viruses or their chimeras, as measured by NF-κB (p65/Rel) translocation into the nucleus and the rates of virus-associated cytopathic effects. This study provides new tools for evaluating the host cell response to RV infections in real time and suggests that differential 2A
pro
activities explain, in part, strain-dependent host responses and diverse RV disease phenotypes.

IMPORTANCE
Genetic variation among human rhinovirus types includes unexpected diversity in the genes encoding viral proteases (2A
pro
) that help these viruses achieve antihost responses. When the enzyme activities of 7 different 2A
pro
were measured comparatively in transformed cells programed with fluorescent reporter systems and by quantitative cell imaging, the cellular substrates, particularly in the nuclear pore complex, used by these proteases were indeed attacked at different rates and with different affinities. The importance of this finding is that it provides a mechanistic explanation for how different types (strains) of rhinoviruses may elicit different cell responses that directly or indirectly lead to distinct disease phenotypes.