bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Papain‐treated panels are a simple method for the identification of alloantibodies in multiple myeloma patients treated with anti‐CD38‐based therapies
Authors: Carreño‐Tarragona G. , Cedena T. , Montejano L. , Alonso R. , Miras F. , Valeri A. , Rivero A. , Lahuerta J. J. , Martinez‐Lopez J. 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYObjectivesTo report our 2 years of experience navigating the interference of anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies (MAs) in 33 patients and describe papain‐treated panels as a complementary method to dithiothreitol (DTT).BackgroundNovel anti‐CD38 MAs are now approved or undergoing clinical trials to evaluate their activity in patients with multiple myeloma. A concern with the use of these drugs is that they interfere with blood bank tests in a group of patients who often require blood transfusions.MethodsClinical data and whole blood samples were collected from patients receiving daratumumab or isatuximab. Routine blood bank serological tests were performed.ResultsA total of 9·1% of patients presented with alloantibodies prior to treatment. All patients exhibited nonspecific reactivity in indirect antiglobulin tests, and 26% had positive direct antiglobulin tests after beginning treatment. This interference disappeared in all patients after discontinuing treatment. Papain panels avoided this reactivity and allowed us to identify alloantibodies. Phenotyped blood units were transfused, and no patient suffered any transfusion‐related complications.ConclusionAnti‐CD38 MAs produce nonspecific interference in blood bank tests. This interference can be overcome by various methods, including DTT or papain treatment as proposed here. These methods have limitations that can be resolved using phenotyped blood units.
Singaporean students’ language repertoires and attitudes revisited
Authors: Leimgruber Jakob R. E. , Siemund Peter , Terassa Laura 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSingapore has received a large amount of scholarly interest with regards to the structural and sociolinguistic properties of its local variety of English. In contrast, there is comparatively less empirical data on individual linguistic repertoires and usage patterns. Building on previous research into the linguistic and sociological background of young Singaporean adults, our study examines 450 students recruited from three distinct educational institutions: a university, polytechnics, and vocational training schools. A detailed language background questionnaire reveals the degree of multilingualism, patterns of language use, as well as language attitudes towards different languages. We find important differences between the three student cohorts examined here and are able to relate them to their social and ethnic backgrounds.
A quantitative genetic examination of non‐target‐site resistance applied to Avena species
Authors: Darmency H , Uludag A 
Published: January 2018

SummaryQuantitative genetics tools can be used to assess whether using herbicides at low doses drive selection on standing genetic variation in populations leading to non‐target‐site resistance (NTSR). These tools are particularly important for estimating the number of genes involved and the potential speed of evolution. A short cut to answering questions about the evolution of NTSR may be to measure heritability. The heritability index (H) provides a measure of the potential to develop NTSR and can be simply calculated from classical dose–response experiments. This measure and the associated experimental designs are discussed with two applied examples on Avena spp. (A. fatua and A. sterilis). In these examples, H values ranged from 0.24 to 0.73, which means that selection for NTSR is highly probable in cases with high H value. We suggest that structuring plants into genetic groups (e.g. families or populations) can contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary potential of populations and plant species to evolve resistance, without increasing experimental cost and time.
Hypertonicity‐induced cation channels in HepG2 cells: architecture and role in proliferation vs. apoptosis
Authors: Koos Björn , Christmann Jens , Plettenberg Sandra , Käding Domenic , Becker Julia , Keteku Melody , Klein Christian , Imtiaz Sarah , Janning Petra , Bastiaens Philippe I. H. , Wehner Frank 
Published: January 2018

Key points
Na+ conducting hypertonicity‐induced cation channels (HICCs) are key players in the volume restoration of osmotically shrunken cells and, under isotonic conditions, considered as mediators of proliferation – thereby opposing apoptosis.
In an siRNA screen of ion channels and transporters in HepG2 cells, with the regulatory volume increase (RVI) as read‐out, δENaC, TRPM2 and TRPM5 were identified as HICCs.
Subsequently, all permutations of these channels were tested in RVI and patch‐clamp recordings and, at first sight, HICCs were found to operate in an independent mode. However, there was synergy in the siRNA perturbations of HICC currents.
Accordingly, proximity ligation assays showed that δENaC was located in proximity to TRPM2 and TRPM5 suggesting a physical interaction.
Furthermore, δENaC, TRPM2 and TRPM5 were identified as mediators of HepG2 proliferation – their silencing enhanced apoptosis. Our study defines the architecture of HICCs in human hepatocytes as well as their molecular functions.
AbstractHypertonicity‐induced cation channels (HICCs) are a substantial element in the regulatory volume increase (RVI) of osmotically shrunken cells. Under isotonic conditions, they are key effectors in the volume gain preceding proliferation; HICC repression, in turn, significantly increases apoptosis rates. Despite these fundamental roles of HICCs in cell physiology, very little is known concerning the actual molecular architecture of these channels. Here, an siRNA screening of putative ion channels and transporters was performed, in HepG2 cells, with the velocity of RVI as the read‐out; in this first run, δENaC, TRPM2 and TRPM5 could be identified as HICCs. In the second run, all permutations of these channels were tested in RVI and patch‐clamp recordings, with special emphasis on the non‐additivity and additivity of siRNAs – which would indicate molecular interactions or independent ways of channel functioning. At first sight, the HICCs in HepG2 cells appeared to operate rather independently. However, a proximity ligation assay revealed that δENaC was located in proximity to both TRPM2 and TRPM5. Furthermore, a clear synergy of HICC current knock‐downs (KDs) was observed. δENaC, TRPM2 and TRPM5 were defined as mediators of HepG2 cell proliferation and their silencing increased the rates of apoptosis. This study provides a molecular characterization of the HICCs in human hepatocytes and of their role in RVI, cell proliferation and apoptosis.
Using Pounds-Solids to Optimize Plant Efficiency
Authors: Gerow Gordon P. , Stanley Robert C. 
Published: January 2018

The first words in Dransfield’s book on “Engineering Systems and Automatic Control” are: “A machine or process is restrained to operate in a predetermined manner; that is, it is controlled. Restraint is usually achieved by controlling a selected physical variable vital to the performance of the particular machine.”
It is the intent of this paper to propose pounds-solids as the variable, vital to the operation of a citrus processing plant. Contents of this paper describe a methodology for commercially measuring pounds-solids and using this information to optimize plant efficiency.
Paper published with permission.
Multiple Stage Pressing
Authors: Cook Ralph W. 
Published: January 2018

The first citrus feed mills built in Florida used Louisville or Davenport presses. The Louisville press was a horizontal roller press. The Davenport press used two flat perforated cones. These presses had several problems in common, the edges of the peel mass did not get pressed much and the pressure was released before discharging the press cake, giving reabsorption of the press liquor. Most of the installations changed to vertical or horizontal screw press by 1960. Since then, there has been only modest improvements.
Paper published with permission.
The Information Explosion: UCF-STAC The Gateway to Information
Authors: Pozefsky AI , Jenkins David R. 
Published: January 2018

The pace of research and development has been accelerating in all fields of engineering, science, marketing, and business. One of the fallouts is that an explosion has been taking place in the publication of the resulting information and data. It is estimated that the volume of published information is doubling roughly every eight to ten years. Clearly, there exists a wealth of knowledge waiting to be tapped. In looking to the future, Breton notes that, “knowledge will replace capital as society’s most important resource.” (Reinventing the Wheel; Breton, Ernest J., Mechanical Engineering, 54, March 1981).
Paper published with permission.
The Schmidt SigmaStar™ Evaporator: An Improved Evaporator Type for the Fruit Juice Industry
Authors: Aust Richard A. 
Published: January 2018

Figure 1. Over the years, Schmidt has paid special attention to improvements in processes for concentration and aroma recovery of fruit and vegetable juices.
Our new technology was introduced in a symposium on the 26th of January 1983 in Bretten, West Germany, namely:
- the new SigmaStar™ evaporator (for which we received a US patent in 1986)
- new techniques for aroma recovery
- new energy saving methods for multi-effect evaporation in combination with aroma recovery.
We will describe and explain the new SigmaStar™ evaporator, the new aroma recovery plant as well as the integrated plant. Thereafter we will report our experiences, the quality of the final products, both aroma and concentrate, and improvements that have been developed over the years.
Paper published with permission.
A Commercial Citrus Debittering System
Authors: Norman Seth I. , Kimball Dan A. 
Published: January 2018

Excessive bitterness in citrus juices has been extensively studied in the past due to a reduction in juice quality. In the late 1970’s, Australia began to commercially debitter citrus juices using cellulose acetate beads. However, due to operational problems, this plant was shutdown. Continued research has led to the first commercial debittering installation in the United States. Using a proprietary styrene/divinylbenzene hydrophylic adsorbent, a citrus debittering system was started in 1988 to debitter navel orange juice. The automatic citrus debittering system was designed for continuous operation at an operator’s selectable flow rate from between 20 to 55 gallons per minute. The determination of the economics, compositional analysis and taste of the treated products was the focus of this study.
Paper published with permission.
Radar Liquid Level Measurement
Authors: England Mark D. 
Published: January 2018

Microwave radar level technology has been available to industry since World War II, but only recently has it found its way into the wider commercial mainstream. Through extensive use of radar technology by government and large industrial users, and advance in modern electronic components, microwave instruments are now affordable for use in smaller, more general applications. There are a number of distinct advantages this technology has over conventional, mechanical level devices including longer mean time between failure (MTBF), fewer effects from changing process or ullage (the are above the process liquid) conditions, less instrument maintenance, isolation of the instrumentation from the process liquid, and instantaneous monitoring of conditions inside a process or storage vessel. Factors that affect accurate level measurement using radar are the dielectric of the process material, location and alignment of the radar sensor, obstructions in the vessel, surface conditions of the process liquid, and calibration of the system’s electronics. Microwave radar level technology also offers the potential for the ability to anticipate and diagnose problem areas remotely.
Paper published with permission.
Citrus Juice Processing in Brazil
Authors: Marques Daniel S. 
Published: January 2018

The evolution of the Brazilian citrus processing industry is revised and the new trends are discussed. The production of Frozen Concentrated Orange Juice (FCOJ) in Brazil, mainly in the State of São Paulo is outlined.
Comments on the technology and management strategies that have been used to keep the competitive position of the Brazilian citrus industry will be addressed.
Special attention is dedicated to the constraints and the new opportunities that this important sector of the Brazilian industry will face in the near future.
Paper published with permission.
Best Practices for Fresh Juice Production
Authors: Schrader Greg W. , Kane Lisamarie 
Published: January 2018

In late 1995 an outbreak of Salmonella was traced to unpasteurized orange juice. In response to the outbreak, the Florida Citrus Commission has recommended several amendments to the Department of Citrus Rules. Regardless of the outcome of these amendments, there exists a series of “best practices” to help insure the production of a consistent product of sound nature. This paper focuses on best practices in process design, equipment and facility design. A brief overview of microbiology is given with attention to source of contamination and environmental conditions for microbial growth.
Paper published with permission.
d-Limonene Recovery
Authors: Odio Carlos 
Published: January 2018

Oils have become an increasingly important by-product of the citrus processing industry. At the high prices reached last year and with good rates of recovery, one could get a dollar’s worth of oil out of a box of Valencia oranges, as shown in Table 1. No other commercially produced by-product of citrus processing comes close to these figures.
Paper published with permission.
Pumping Power Requirements and Role of Viscosity During Agitation of Concentrated Orange Juice
Authors: Rao M. A. 
Published: January 2018

The rheological behavior of concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) has been shown to be shear-thinning in several recent studies. Concentric cylinder viscometers have been used to obtain the rheological data in these studies. The effect of temperature, soluble solids, and pulp content has been described quantitatively. To estimate the pumping power requirements of FCOJ, the mechanical energy balance equation is used together with the necessary estimates of pressure drop due to friction in pipes and fittings estimated from empirical equations. Empirical equations are available to calculate power consumption during agitation of concentrated orange juice in terms of the dimensionless groups: power and agitator Reynolds numbers for several types of agitators.
Paper published with permission.
The Internet and the Citrus Industry
Authors: Montanari Tony 
Published: January 2018

The Internet is a worldwide connection of thousands of computer networks. All of them speak the same language, TCP/IP, the standard protocol. The Internet allows people with access to these networks to share information and knowledge. Resources available on the Internet are chat groups, e-mail, newsgroups, file transfers, and the World Wide Web. The Internet has no centralized authority and it is uncensored. The Internet belongs to everyone and to no one.
Paper published with permission.
“HACCP” for Citrus Processing
Authors: Newslow Debby 
Published: January 2018

“HACCP” for Citrus Processing is a topic that I have presented five different times in five years and each time the urgency of this topic becomes more critical. Five years ago when one spoke of HACCP, concern in the citrus industry other than foreign material, was a mute point. No one ever believed that pathogens could survive at such a low pH. But after several reported food safety instances that related to microbes and juice, the time has come for citrus processors to seriously evaluate their process and establish and maintain a HACCP Plan that will control existing and potential food safety hazards as defined by present day standards and concerns.
Paper published with permission.
Molecular structure of human P-glycoprotein in the ATP-bound, outward-facing conformation
Authors: Kim Youngjin , Chen Jue 
Published: January 2018

A path to multidrug resistance
Permeability glycoprotein (PgP) uses the energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis to transport substrates out of the cell. Many of its substrates are drugs, so it plays an important role in drug resistance. Structures in the inward-facing conformation have been determined for mouse, yeast, and algal PgP. Kim and Chen present the cryo–electron microscopy structure of human PgP in an outward-facing conformation. Two ATP molecules are bound between two nucleotide-binding domains. The substrate-binding site, located in the transmembrane domain, is open to the outside of the cell, but compressed, and no substrate is bound. This suggests that ATP binding, rather than ATP hydrolysis, promotes the transition to the outward-facing conformation and substrate release.

Science
, this issue p.
915
Functional Expression of the Clostridium ljungdahlii Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthase in Clostridium acetobutylicum as Demonstrated by a NovelIn VivoCO Exchange Activity En Route to Heterologous Installation of a Functional Wood-Ljungdahl Pathway
Authors: Fast Alan G. , Papoutsakis Eleftherios T. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTEngineering the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP) in the established industrial organismClostridium acetobutylicumwould allow for the conversion of carbohydrates into butanol, acetone, and other metabolites at higher yields than are currently possible, while minimizing CO2and H2release. To this effect, we expressed 11Clostridium ljungdahliicore genes coding for enzymes and accessory proteins of the WLP inClostridium acetobutylicum. The engineered WLP inC. acetobutylicumshowed functionality of the eastern branch of the pathway based on the formation of labeled 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate from13C-labeled formate, as well as functionality of the western branch as evidenced by the formation of CO from CO2. However, the lack of labeling in acetate and butyrate pools indicated that the connection between the two branches is not functional. The focus of our investigation then centered on the functional expression of the acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthase (ACS), which forms a complex with the CO dehydrogenase (CODH) and serves to link the two branches of the WLP. The CODH/ACS complex catalyzes the reduction of CO2to CO and the condensation of CO with a methyl group to form acetyl-CoA, respectively. Here, we show the simultaneous activities of the two recombinant enzymes. We demonstratein vivothe classicalin vitroACS carbonyl carbon exchange assay, whereby the carbonyl carbon of acetyl-CoA is exchanged with the CO carbon. Our data suggest that the low heterologous expression of ACS may limit the functionality of the heterologous WLP inC. acetobutylicum.IMPORTANCEThe bifunctional carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase (CODH/ACS) fromC. ljungdahliiwas heterologously expressed in the obligate heterotrophC. acetobutylicum. The functional activity of the CODH was confirmed through both the oxidation and reduction of CO, as had previously been shown for the heterologous CODH fromClostridium carboxidivorans. Significantly, a novelin vivoassay for ACS exchange activity using13C-tracers was developed and used to confirm functional ACS expression.
Whole-Genome Sequencing and Genetic Analysis Reveal Novel Stress Responses to Individual Constituents of Essential Oils in Escherichia coli
Authors: Chueca Beatriz , Renzoni Adriana , Berdejo Daniel , Pagán Rafael , Kelley William L. , García-Gonzalo Diego 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Food preservation by the use of essential oils (EOs) is being extensively studied because of the antimicrobial properties of their individual constituents (ICs). Three resistant mutants (termed CAR, CIT, and LIM) of
Escherichia coli
MG1655 were selected by subculturing with the ICs carvacrol, citral, and (+)-limonene oxide, respectively. These derivative strains showed increased MIC values of ICs and concomitantly enhanced resistance to various antibiotics (ampicillin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin, novobiocin, norfloxacin, cephalexin, and nalidixic acid) compared to those for the parental strain (wild type [WT]). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of these hyperresistant strains permitted the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and deletions in comparison to the WT. In order to analyze the contribution of these mutations to the increased antimicrobial resistance detected in hyperresistant strains, derivative strains were constructed by allelic reversion. A role of the SoxR D137Y missense mutation in CAR was confirmed by growth in the presence of some ICs and antibiotics and by its tolerance to ICs but not to lethal heat treatments. In CIT, increased resistance relied on contributions by several detected SNPs, resulting in a frameshift in MarR and an in-frame GyrB ΔG157 mutation. Finally, both the insertion resulting in an AcrR frameshift and large chromosomal deletions found in LIM were correlated with the hyperresistant phenotype of this strain. The nature of the obtained mutants suggests intriguing links to cellular defense mechanisms previously implicated in antibiotic resistance.

IMPORTANCE
The antimicrobial efficacy of ICs has been proven over the years, together with their potential to improve traditional heat treatments by reducing treatment intensity and, consequently, adverse effects on food quality. However, the mechanisms of bacterial inactivation by ICs are still not well understood, in contrast to antibiotics. We performed WGS of three
E. coli
strains that are hyperresistant to ICs. The information provided detailed insight into the mechanisms of bacterial resistance arising from exposure to carvacrol, citral, and (+)-limonene oxide. Future experiments will undoubtedly yield additional insights into genes and pathways contributing to the acquisition of endogenous resistance to ICs.