bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of Internet-based physiotherapy assessment for musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Mani Suresh , Sharma Shobha , Omar Baharudin , Paungmali Aatit , Joseph Leonard 
Published: April 2016

Purpose The purpose of this review is to systematically explore and summarise the validity and reliability of telerehabilitation (TR)-based physiotherapy assessment for musculoskeletal disorders. Method A comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted using a number of electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and CINAHL, published between January 2000 and May 2015. The studies examined the validity, inter- and intra-rater reliabilities of TR-based physiotherapy assessment for musculoskeletal conditions were included. Two independent reviewers used the Quality Appraisal Tool for studies of diagnostic Reliability (QAREL) and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool to assess the methodological quality of reliability and validity studies respectively. Results A total of 898 hits were achieved, of which 11 articles based on inclusion criteria were reviewed. Nine studies explored the concurrent validity, inter- and intra-rater reliabilities, while two studies examined only the concurrent validity. Reviewed studies were moderate to good in methodological quality. The physiotherapy assessments such as pain, swelling, range of motion, muscle strength, balance, gait and functional assessment demonstrated good concurrent validity. However, the reported concurrent validity of lumbar spine posture, special orthopaedic tests, neurodynamic tests and scar assessments ranged from low to moderate. Conclusion TR-based physiotherapy assessment was technically feasible with overall good concurrent validity and excellent reliability, except for lumbar spine posture, orthopaedic special tests, neurodynamic testa and scar assessment.
Utility of the Surgical Apgar Score in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Stoll William D. , Taber David J. , Palesch Seth J. , Hebbar Latha 
Published: April 2016

Background: This study analyzed the utility of the Surgical Apgar Scoring (SAS) system in predicting morbidity in kidney transplantation. Recipient comorbidities were evaluated for any effect on the SAS and then globally assessed for any relationship with intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for dialysis, creatinine at discharge, length of stay, incremental, and total cost of transplantation. The hypothesis for this study is that a low SAS will be a statistically significant predictor of postoperative morbidity and associated costs. Methods: This was an institutional review board (IRB)-approved retrospective longitudinal cohort study on 204 solitary kidney transplant recipients (2009-2011). Patients were divided into 2 groups: low to moderate = SAS ≤ 7 and high = SAS ≥ 8. These groups were then analyzed against a host of variables. Results: Sixty-five percent of patients had an SAS of 7 or lower, while 35% had an SAS of 8 and higher. Recipients with a history of stroke were 88% more likely to be in the low-moderate SAS group ( P = .017). Patients with lower SASs trended toward having less extended criteria donors (0.097) but were more likely to be admitted to the ICU ( P = .043), leading to significantly higher transplant event hospitalization costs. Higher SASs were more likely to be readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of discharge ( P = .027), leading to higher 30-day postdischarge costs ( P = .014). Readmission rates, however, and 30-day follow-up costs were similar between SAS groups after controlling for donor characteristics, specifically donor marginality and recipient estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a history of stroke in the recipient may lend to a lower SAS and that a low SAS is associated with ICU admission following transplant, leading to higher hospital costs.
Differences in Use of Glucose Rate of Change (ROC) Arrows to Adjust Insulin Therapy Among Individuals With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Who Use Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)
Authors: Pettus Jeremy , Edelman Steven V. 
Published: April 2016

Objective: To understand differences between individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in utilization of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data to adjust insulin therapy, either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or multiple daily insulin injections (MDI). Methods: We surveyed 300 individuals who regularly used real-time CGM, using 70 questions to obtain information about general CGM use and response to glucose rate of change (ROC) arrows. Results: The survey was completed by 222 T1D and 78 T2D respondents treated with intensive insulin therapy. T1D respondents included CSII (n = 166) and MDI (n = 56) users. T2D respondents were more balanced: 34 (44%) versus 44 (56%), respectively. A larger percentage of T1D then T2D respondents reported a constant use of CGM (85% vs 61%, P < .001). T1D and T2D respondents reported similar substantial increases in correction dosages in response to rapidly increasing glucose (>3 mg/dL/min; 2 arrows up): +140% versus +136%, P = .4534. However, T1D respondents reported making smaller correction dosage reductions than T2D respondents in response to rapidly decreasing glucose (−42% vs −80%, P < .001). Differences between T1D and T2D respondents were also observed in mealtime dosage adjustments in response to rapidly increasing glucose compared to when glucose is stable (flat arrow) at 110 mg/dl: +81% versus +108%, respectively ( P = .003). Although these adjustments are statistically different, both are large. Conclusions: CGM users often rely on ROC information when determining insulin doses and tend to be more aggressive in their insulin adjustments despite differences in type of diabetes.
Student’s perspective of Residents as educators following introduction of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-International (ACGME-I) in SingHealth Residency
Authors: Goh Sok Hong , Tan Jestina Hwee Ming , Cook Sandy 
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Singapore’s postgraduate medical education underwent a transition in 2010, moving away from the House staff model to the American Residency model. Teaching was defined as a core competency for SingHealth Residency programs. This study sought to determine how this transition impacted medical students’ perception of Residents as teachers. Methods: A 19-item Likert-type questionnaire comprising three domains—(1) quality, (2) frequency and (3) engagement—was given to all Duke-NUS medical students at the end of each clerkship from the academic year (AY) 2009–10 through 2013–14. The first two academic years were classified as the pre-initiation stage of the Residency, and the latter three, the post-initiation stage. Students rated Residents they encountered in their most recent clerkship. Results: Student ratings have gradually improved, with the largest improvement occurring after the initiation of Residency, and after the introduction of Residents as Future Teachers courses. Student ratings in the post-initiation Residency years combined were significantly higher than the pre-initiation of Residency years combined, for all three domains. Analysis of individual items revealed significant improvement in student ratings on all items in all domains, except for the quality of teaching in performing procedural skills. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate a positive shift in the teaching culture with the transition of Singapore’s postgraduate medical education from the House staff model to the Residency program.
Is Expanded HIV Testing Associated with Earlier HIV Diagnosis? Results from an HIV Clinic in Guatemala City
Authors: Liggett Alisha , Medina Narda , Samayoa Blanca , Mercado Danicela , Castillo Mirna , Argueta Erwin , Anderson Miguel , Anderson Matthew , Arathoon Eduardo 
Published: April 2016

Background: Most patients in Guatemala are diagnosed with advanced HIV disease. Patients that present late in the disease process may miss the morbidity and mortality benefits associated with early treatment and may unknowingly spread HIV to others. Research Questions: We examined trends in HIV detection and levels of immunosuppression at diagnosis from 2005 -2012 to determine if expanded HIV testing was associated with earlier detection of HIV. Setting: This study was conducted at the Clínica Familiar Luis Ángel García (CFLAG), a major HIV center associated with one of Guatemala’s two national hospitals. HIV testing expanded rapidly after 2007 due to grants from the Global Fund which allowed for routine prenatal testing. Methods: This study examined existing hospital and clinic databases from to evaluate results from HIV tests performed, and baseline CD4 cells/mm3 on all patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection from 2005 to 2012. Results: We found a decline in the number of HIV positive tests over the study period despite an increase in the total number of tests performed. Sixty-two percent of HIV infected individuals had AIDS at diagnosis. We observed a decrease in median CD4 cells/mm3 among the prenatal testees and no change in non-prenatal testees. Discussion: Expanded HIV counseling and testing services in our clinic did not result in earlier HIV diagnosis.
Wardowski type fixed point theorems in complete metric spaces
Authors: Piri Hossein , Kumam Poom 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we state and prove Wardowski type fixed point theorems in metric space by using a modified generalized F-contraction maps. These theorems extend other well-known fundamental metrical fixed point theorems in the literature (Dung and Hang in Vietnam J. Math. 43:743-753, 2015 and Piri and Kumam in Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2014:210, 2014, etc.). Examples are provided to support the usability of our results.
Randomized Phase III Noninferiority Study Comparing Two Radiotherapy Fractionation Schedules in Patients With Low-Risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lee W. Robert , Dignam James J. , Amin Mahul B. , Bruner Deborah W. , Low Daniel , Swanson Gregory P. , Shah Amit B. , D’Souza David P. , Michalski Jeff M. , Dayes Ian S. , Seaward Samantha A. , Hall William A. , Nguyen Paul L. , Pisansky Thomas M. , Faria Sergio L. , Chen Yuhchyau , Koontz Bridget F. , Paulus Rebecca , Sandler Howard M. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose Conventional radiotherapy (C-RT) treatment schedules for patients with prostate cancer typically require 40 to 45 treatments that take place from > 8 to 9 weeks. Preclinical and clinical research suggest that hypofractionation—fewer treatments but at a higher dose per treatment—may produce similar outcomes. This trial was designed to assess whether the efficacy of a hypofractionated radiotherapy (H-RT) treatment schedule is no worse than a C-RT schedule in men with low-risk prostate cancer. Patients and Methods A total of 1,115 men with low-risk prostate cancer were randomly assigned 1:1 to C-RT (73.8 Gy in 41 fractions over 8.2 weeks) or to H-RT (70 Gy in 28 fractions over 5.6 weeks). This trial was designed to establish (with 90% power and an α of .05) that treatment with H-RT results in 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) that is not worse than C-RT by more than 7.65% (H-RT/C-RT hazard ratio [HR] < 1.52). Results A total of 1,092 men were protocol eligible and had follow-up information; 542 patients were assigned to C-RT and 550 to H-RT. Median follow-up was 5.8 years. Baseline characteristics were not different according to treatment assignment. The estimated 5-year DFS was 85.3% (95% CI, 81.9 to 88.1) in the C-RT arm and 86.3% (95% CI, 83.1 to 89.0) in the H-RT arm. The DFS HR was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.64 to 1.14), and the predefined noninferiority criterion that required that DFS outcomes be consistent with HR < 1.52 was met (P < .001). Late grade 2 and 3 GI and genitourinary adverse events were increased (HR, 1.31 to 1.59) in patients who were treated with H-RT. Conclusion In men with low-risk prostate cancer, the efficacy of 70 Gy in 28 fractions over 5.6 weeks is not inferior to 73.8 Gy in 41 fractions over 8.2 weeks, although an increase in late GI/genitourinary adverse events was observed in patients treated with H-RT.
Profiling and tandem mass spectrometry analysis of aminoacylated phospholipids in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Atila Metin , Luo Yu 
Published: April 2016

Cationic modulation of the dominantly negative electrostatic structure of phospholipids plays an important role in bacterial response to changes in the environment. In addition to zwitterionic phosphatidylethanolamine, Gram-positive bacteria are also abundant in positively charged lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol. Increased amounts of both types of lipids render Gram-positive bacterial cells more resistant to cationic antibiotic peptides such as defensins. Lysyl and alanyl-phosphatidylglycerol as well as alanyl-cardiolipin have also been studied by mass spectroscopy. Phospholipids modified by other amino acids have been discovered by chemical analysis of the lipid lysate but have yet to be studied by mass spectroscopy. We exploited the high sensitivity of modern mass spectroscopy in searching for substructures in complex mixtures to establish a sensitive and thorough screen for aminoacylated phospholipids. The search for deprotonated aminoacyl anions in lipid extracted fromBacillus subtilisstrain 168 yielded strong evidence as well as relative abundance of aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerols, which serves as a crude measure of the specificity of aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol synthase MprF. No aminoacyl-cardiolipin was found. More importantly, the second most abundant species in this category is D-alanyl-phosphatidylglycerol, suggesting a possible role in the D-alanylation pathway of wall- and lipo-teichoic acids.
Mapping Zika virus infection using geographical information systems in Tolima, Colombia, 2015-2016
Authors: Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Galindo-Marquez Maria Leonor , García-Loaiza Carlos Julian , Sabogal-Roman Juan Alejandro , Marin-Loaiza Santiago , Ayala Andrés Felipe , Lozada-Riascos Carlos O. , Sarmiento-Ospina Andrea , Vásquez-Serna Heriberto , Jimenez-Canizales Carlos E. , Escalera-Antezana Juan Pablo 
Published: April 2016

Objective: Geographical information systems (GIS) have been extensively used for the development of epidemiological maps of tropical diseases, however not yet specifically for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection.Methods: Surveillance case data of the ongoing epidemics of ZIKV in the Tolima department, Colombia (2015-2016) were used to estimate cumulative incidence rates (cases/100,000 pop.) to develop the first maps in the department and its municipalities, including detail for the capital, Ibagué. The GIS software used was Kosmo Desktop 3.0RC1®. Two thematic maps were developed according to municipality and communes incidence rates.Results: Up to March 5, 2016, 4,094 cases of ZIKV were reported in Tolima, for cumulated rates of 289.9 cases/100,000 pop. (7.95% of the country). Burden of ZIKV infection has been concentrated in its east area, where municipalities have reported >500 cases/100,000 pop. These municipalities are bordered by two other departments, Cundinamarca (3,778 cases) and Huila (5,338 cases), which also have high incidences of ZIKV infection. Seven municipalities of Tolima ranged from 250-499.99 cases/100,000 pop., of this group five border with high incidence municipalities (>250), including the capital, where almost half of the reported cases of ZIKV in Tolima are concentrated.Conclusions: Use of GIS-based epidemiological maps helps to guide decisions for the prevention and control of diseases that represent significant issues in the region and the country, but also in emerging conditions such as ZIKV.
THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PERSONALITY OF THE EAEU
Authors: Стародубцев Григорий , Starodubtsyev Grigoriy , Илюшкина Анна , Ilyushkina Anna 
Published: April 2016

This article analyzes the international legal personality of
the Eurasian Economic Union. The conditions of the Eurasian integration,
the basic stages of formation and the perspectives of development
of Eurasian Economic Union are described in the article.
Facility Location with Client Latencies: LP-Based Techniques for Minimum-Latency Problems
Authors: Chakrabarty Deeparnab , Swamy Chaitanya 
Published: April 2016

We introduce a problem that is a common generalization of the uncapacitated facility location (UFL) and minimum latency (ML) problems, where facilities not only need to be opened to serve clients, but also need to be sequentially activated before they can provide service. This abstracts a setting where inventory demanded by customers needs to be stocked or replenished at facilities from a depot or warehouse. Formally, we are given a set ℱ of n facilities with facility-opening costs, a set 𝒟 of m clients, and connection costs c(i, j) specifying the cost of assigning a client j to a facility i, a root node r denoting the depot, and a time metric d() on ℱ ∪ {r}. Our goal is to open a subset of facilities, find a path P starting at r and spanning the open facilities to activate them, and connecting each client j to an open facility so as to minimize the total facility opening cost, the total client connection cost, and the total time of arrivals at each facility along P. We call this the minimum latency uncapacitated facility location (MLUFL) problem. Our main result is an O(log n max(log n, log m))-approximation for MLUFL. Via a reduction to the group Steiner tree (GST) problem, we show this result is tight in the sense that any improvement in the approximation guarantee for MLUFL, implies an improvement in the (currently known) approximation factor for GST. We obtain significantly improved constant approximation guarantees for two natural special cases of the problem: (a) Related MLUFL, where the connection costs form a metric that is a scalar multiple of the time metric; (b) Metric uniform MLUFL, where we have metric connection costs and the time-metric is uniform. Our LP-based methods are fairly versatile and are easily adapted with minor changes to yield approximation guarantees for MLUFL (and ML) in various more general settings, such as (i) the setting where the latency-cost of a client is a function (of bounded growth) of the delay faced by the facility to which it is connected; and (ii) the k-route version, where we can dispatch k vehicles in parallel to activate the open facilities. Our LP-based understanding of MLUFL also offers some LP-based insights into ML. We obtain two natural LP-relaxations for ML with constant integrality gap, which we believe shed new light upon the problem and offer a promising direction for obtaining improvements for ML.
Reviews
Authors: Michalis Maria , Lax Stephen , McDowell Stephen D. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Post-Tv: Piracy, Cord-Cutting and the Future of Television, Michael Strangelove (2015) Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 347 pp., ISBN: 978-1442614529, p/bk, £18.99
Digital Broadcasting: An Introduction to New Media, Jo Pierson and Joke Bauwens (2015) Bloomsbury: New York, 176 pp., ISBN: 978-1847887412, p/bk, £34.95
Distribution Revolution: Conversations about the Digital Future of Film and Television, Michael Curtin, Jenifer Holt and Kevin Sanson (2014) Oakland: University of California Press, 260 pp., ISBN: 978-0520283251, p/bk, $29.95
The EU Digital Single Market as a mission impossible: Audio-visual policy conflicts for Estonia
Authors: Ibrus Indrek 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The EU Commission has started to update its Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) as part of its larger push to implement its Digital Single Market (DSM) Strategy. It is expected that this will not be just a light fix for some of the ‘bugs’ in the regulation, but a major overhaul motivated by the significant changes in media systems related mostly to media convergence and globalization. In this context this article offers a small country’s view of these processes. It demonstrates in detail how Estonia, a very small country on the EU periphery, is challenged by the need to develop its positions with regard to the complex processes at the EU level. It discusses the ‘impossible conflicts’ that it encounters when trying to articulate its media policies and EU strategies. It also describes the complexities of developing media policy in a country where different government institutions are shaped by different ideological frameworks, and therefore have different policy goals; and how cultural policy goals tend to be sacrificed when they are in conflict with various techno-economic imperatives.
Audio-visual regulation transition in Israel: A view from within
Authors: Schejter Amit M. , Tirosh Noam 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The Israeli Minister of Communications appointed on 4 February 2014 a tenmember expert committee to propose a regulatory framework for the future of commercial television (broadcast and cable) in light of the imminent introduction of over the top (OTT) audio-visual services. In this study, the authors describe the process influencing the committee’s final report. By comparing between the committee’s interim report and its final report, the study sheds light on the way regulation is designed in an era of transition. The reader will find in this study a detailed description of the different actors’ responses to new regulation proposals and will have the opportunity to observe how and if these reactions influenced the work of public servants.
The impact of DTT in the willingness to pay for TV in Spain
Authors: Medina Mercedes , Herrero Mónica , Etayo Cristina 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The analogue switchover took place in Spain in April 2010, with the subsequent increase in the number of available channels for the citizens. New suppliers of audio-visual contents have appeared and a mixture of pay-services and free ones are competing. The aim of this article is to analyse the influence of socio-demographic variables in the subscription to television services before and after the full implementation of digital terrestrial television. Moreover, we will explore the possible relations between socio-demographic variables and reasons to subscribe. The theoretical framework is based on the nature of pay television as a media product and the audience satisfaction and willingness to pay for television. In order to contextualize the Spanish market in a broader international perspective, we provide some comparative aspects of the digital television developments in other European countries. The data for the empirical analysis of the willingness to pay for television contents in Spain come from two original surveys conducted in 2008 and 2012 and the sample size was 1000 individuals.
Public or state owned? The Brazilian Company of Communications (EBC) in the context of the democratization of the media in Brazil
Authors: Medeiros Débora 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In 2007, President Luiz Inácio ‘Lula’ da Silva founded the Brazilian Company of Communications (Empresa Brasil de Comunicação – EBC), sparking a debate around the concept of public service broadcasting in the country: is the EBC truly public or is it state owned? And, more importantly, how can it contribute to the democratization of communication in Brazil? Supported by the company’s own publicly available documents, as well as studies of the Brazilian legislation, I offer an answer to the question posed above by analysing the EBC in light of three analytical categories: programming and national mission; organizational structure and level of autonomy; and editorial independence. These categories were developed based on reputable international sources and focusing on diverse aspects, ranging from the editorial line to the administrative structure. With this article, I hope to give my own contribution to the important discussion around the nature of public service broadcasting in developing democratic countries like Brazil, where other models than the ones known in Europe for public service broadcasting are being implemented or changed to fit these countries’ specific realities.