bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentrations and spatial patterns of organic contaminants in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs at United States and binational Great Lakes Areas of Concern, 2010–2015
Authors: Custer Christine M. , Custer Thomas W. , Dummer Paul M. , Goldberg Diana , Franson J. Christian 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, were sampled across the Great Lakes basin in 2010 through 2015 to provide a system-wide assessment of current exposure to organic contaminants. The results provide information identified as critical by regulators to assess the “bird or animal deformity or reproductive problems” beneficial use impairment. Eggs were collected from 69 sites across all 5 Great Lakes, including 27 Areas of Concern (AOCs), some with multiple sites, and 10 sites not listed as an AOC. Concentrations of organic contaminants in eggs were quantified and compared with background and reproductive effect thresholds. Approximately 30% of AOCs had geometric mean concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at or below average background exposure (0.34 μg/g wet wt). Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was minimal, and only 3 of 27 AOCs and 1 non-AOC had geometric mean concentrations that exceeded background for tree swallows (96 ng/g wet wt). Concentrations of both PCBs and PBDEs were 10 to 20 times below the lower limit associated with impaired hatching success. In contrast, geometric mean concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furan (PCDD-F) toxic equivalents (TEQs) at the Saginaw River and Bay AOC and Midland, Michigan, USA (a non-AOC site), exceeded the lower limit for hatching effects (181 pg/g PCDD-F TEQs). The rest of the sites had geometric mean concentrations of PCDD-F TEQs below background levels (87 pg/g PCDD-F TEQs). Other organic contaminants, including p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, mirex, heptachlor, and chlordane, were at or below background or adverse effect concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:3071–3092. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
The reduced‐order hybrid Monte Carlo sampling smoother
Authors: Attia Ahmed , Ştefănescu Răzvan , Sandu Adrian 
Published: May 2016

SummaryHybrid Monte Carlo sampling smoother is a fully non‐Gaussian four‐dimensional data assimilation algorithm that works by directly sampling the posterior distribution formulated in the Bayesian framework. The smoother in its original formulation is computationally expensive owing to the intrinsic requirement of running the forward and adjoint models repeatedly. Here we present computationally efficient versions of the hybrid Monte Carlo sampling smoother based on reduced‐order approximations of the underlying model dynamics. The schemes developed herein are tested numerically using the shallow‐water equations model on Cartesian coordinates. The results reveal that the reduced‐order versions of the smoother are capable of accurately capturing the posterior probability density, while being significantly faster than the original full‐order formulation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic study of the mud diapir structures in the Okinawa Trough
Authors: Xing Junhui , Jiang Xiaodian , Li Deyong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the Okinawa Trough, a number of mud diapirs were observed by the seismic datasets from several different cruises. In this paper, based on the seismic profiles, we separated three different types of mud diapirs according to their configuration. All the mud diapirs are associated with free gas or gas hydrates, indicating that the mud diapirs could sever good migration pathways for free gas migrating upwards. Mud diapirs are distributed in the middle and south of the Okinawa Trough. Most of them are located to the south of the Miyako Fault zone. The triggering mechanisms were discussed in a large scale, which suggests the mud diapirs might be triggered by the collision between the Eurasian Plate and the northward subducting Philippine Luzon arc. The distribution of mud diapirs was mainly controlled by the compression during the Late Miocene and the Miyako Fault zone. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A clear and present danger: Ladakh's increasing vulnerability to flash floods and debris flows
Authors: Ziegler Alan D. , Cantarero Sebastian I. , Wasson Robert J. , Srivastava Pradeep , Spalzin Sonam , Chow Winston T. L. , Gillen Jamie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis preliminary investigation of the recent spate of deadly flash floods and debris flows in Ladakh (India) over the last decade identifies uncontrolled development in hazardous locations as an important factor contributing to loss of life and property damage in this high mountain desert. The sediments exposed in the channel banks and on the alluvial fans of several mountain streams in the area indicate a long history of flash floods and debris flows resulting from intense storms, which appear to have increased in frequency within the last decade. The signposts of these recurrent hazards are being ignored as a growing economy, which is boosted by a well‐established tourism industry, is now driving development onto lands that are susceptible to floods and debris flow hazards. In this science briefing we argue that the increasing vulnerability in Ladakh should be addressed with sound disaster governance strategies that are proactive, rather than reactionary. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INTERFACING INFANT MENTAL HEALTH KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS: REFLECTIONS ON THE NARRATIVES OF LAY HOME VISITORS’ EXPERIENCES OF LEARNING AND APPLYING RELATIONAL CONCEPTS OF DEVELOPMENT IN A SOUTH AFRICAN INTERVENTION PROGRAM
Authors: Baradon Tessa , Bain Katherine 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe question of interfacing research and clinically generated knowledge in the field of infant mental health (IMH) with local cultural knowledge and belief systems has provoked extended discussion in recent years. This article explores convergences and divergences between current research‐based, relational IMH mental health models and “community” knowledge held by a group of South African lay home visitors from a socioeconomically deprived township. These women were trained in a psychoanalytic and attachment‐informed infant mental health program that promotes a relational model of infant development. They provide an intervention that supports high risk mother–infant relationships in the same locality. A two‐tiered approach was taken to the analysis of the home visitor interviews and focused on the home visitors’ constructed narratives of infant development posttraining as well as the personal impact of the training and work on the home visitors themselves. The study found that psychoanalytic and attachment‐informed thinking about development makes sense to those operating within the local South African cultural context, but that the accommodation of this knowledge is a complex and challenging process.
Effect of Water Regimes and Palm Coefficient on Growth Parameters, Date Yield and Irrigation Water Use of Tissue Culture‐Regenerated ‘Barhee’ Date Palms Grown in a Newly Established Orchard
Authors: Al‐Qurashi Adel D. , Ismail Saleh M. , Awad Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA field experiment was carried out at the Agriculture Experimental Station of King Abdulaziz University during the 2013 and 2014 seasons to study the effect of water regimes and palm coefficient on growth parameters, yield and irrigation water use (IWU) of tissue culture‐derived ‘Barhee’ date palm cultivars in a newly established orchard. Four water regimes T1, T2, T3 and T4 representing 70, 85, 100 and 115% of water requirement were studied to select the best water regime that maximizes yield and IWU. Water requirement in 2013 was calculated based on the FAO palm coefficient (Kp) but based on measured Kp during 2014. Results revealed that using measured Kp reduces water requirements in the summer season and increases date yield. It saves about 12% of irrigation water compared to FAO Kp. Increasing the water regime increased yield per palm, where the highest yield was obtained from T4 (16.5 kg per tree), and the least from T1(12.4 kg per tree). IWU is increased by decreasing the water regime. However, the differences between T4 and T3 were not significant, indicating that giving the highest water regime produces the highest yield. It is concluded that increasing water supply maximizes yield production of young tissue culture‐derived ‘Barhee’ date palms in a newly established orchard. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dibutyltin‐induced alterations of interleukin 1beta secretion from human immune cells
Authors: Brown Shyretha , Tehrani Shahin , Whalen Margaret M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDibutyltin (DBT) is used to stabilize polyvinyl chloride plastics (including pipes that distribute drinking water) and as a de‐worming agent in poultry. DBT is found in human blood, and DBT exposures alter the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma from lymphocytes. Interleukin (IL)‐1β is a proinflammatory cytokine that regulates cellular growth, tissue restoration and immune response regulation. IL‐1β plays a role in increasing invasiveness of certain tumors. This study reveals that exposures to DBT (24 h, 48 h and 6 days) modify the secretion of IL‐1β from increasingly reconstituted preparations of human immune cells (highly enriched human natural killer cells, monocyte‐depleted [MD] peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs], PBMCs, granulocytes and a preparation combining both PBMCs and granulocytes). DBT altered IL‐1β secretion from all cell preparations. Higher concentrations of DBT (5 and 2.5 μm) decreased the secretion of IL‐1β, while lower concentrations of DBT (0.1 and 0.05 μm) increased the secretion of IL‐1β. Selected signaling pathways were examined in MD‐PBMCs to determine if they play a role in DBT‐induced elevations of IL‐1β secretion. Pathways examined were IL‐1β converting enzyme (caspase 1), mitogen‐activated protein kinases and nuclear factor kappa B. Caspase 1 and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways appear to be utilized by DBT in increasing IL‐1β secretion. These results indicate that DBT alters IL‐1β secretion from human immune cells in an ex. vivo system utilizing several IL‐1β regulating signaling pathways. Thus, DBT may have the potential to alter IL‐1β secretion in an in vivo system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of αv Integrin Linked to GFP to Image Molecular Dynamics in Trafficking Cancer‐Cell Emboli
Authors: Tome Yasunori , Yano Shuya , Sugimoto Naotoshi , Mii Sumiyuki , Bouvet Michael , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Kanaya Fuminori , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTHuman osteosarcoma cells with an αv integrin green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion gene were previously established and imaged in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we imaged the interaction of αv integrin‐GFP in osteosarcoma cells and collagen fibers in vascular‐trafficking osteosarcoma emboli in nude mice. Human 143B osteosarcoma cells, expressing αv integrin‐GFP, were injected by a vascular route in an abdominal skin flap in nude mice. Osteosarcoma cells were fluorescently imaged in the epigastric cranialis vein in the abdominal skin flap by confocal microscopy. Collagen fibers were imaged in reflectance mode. At early stages of tumor embolus‐formation, cancer cells adhered firmly to each other, diffusely expressing αv integrin‐GFP. Two weeks after injection, collagen fiber scaffolds were visualized at the margins of tumor emboli or within them. Four weeks after injection, cancer cells invading from emboli were strongly expressing αv integrin‐GFP, and were aligned along collagen fibers. The results suggest αv integrin and collagen fiber scaffolds are important for tumor embolus formation, which are potential seeds of metastasis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 26–30, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Construction and optimization of trans‐4‐hydroxy‐L‐proline production recombinant E. coli strain taking the glycerol as carbon source
Authors: Wang Jinxia , Zhang Zhenyu , Liu Hedong , Sun Fubao Fuelbiol , Yue Chun , Hu Jinguang , Wang Chundi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDTrans‐4‐hydroxy‐L‐proline (Hyp) is a value‐added amino acid that is an applicable chiral building block in some industries, such as the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and healthcare industries. Given that glycerol is a good carbon source for microbial fermentation and a large amount of glycerol is produced by the biodiesel industry, this study investigated a value‐added Hyp fermentation from glycerol using an engineered Escherichia coli strain.RESULTSBy optimizing the proline‐4‐hydroxylase (P4H) gene codons and vectors, a constructed recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 strain successfully converted L‐proline to Hyp. With a chemo‐physical combination mutagenesis, a high Hyp production strain that can grow with glycerol as a sole carbon source, NA45 was isolated, yielding 1.24 g L−1 from 20 g L−1 glycerol at 12 h in a 30 mL/250 mL conical flask fermentation. With further systemic optimization of nutritional elements, the output was enhanced to 1.62 g L−1. In a 5 L fermentator, the strain achieved a surprisingly high output of 25.4 g L−1 at 48 h in fed batch mode.CONCLUSIONA high Hyp production strain growing well on glycerol as carbon source was successfully engineered, which is a promising candidate for the industrial Hyp production. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparing three different measures of frailty in medical inpatients: Multicenter prospective cohort study examining 30‐day risk of readmission or death
Authors: Belga Sara , Majumdar Sumit R. , Kahlon Sharry , Pederson Jenelle , Lau Darren , Padwal Raj S. , Forhan Mary , Bakal Jeffrey A. , McAlister Finlay A. 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDMultiple tools are used to identify frailty.OBJECTIVETo compare the global Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) with more objective phenotypic tools (modified Fried score and the Timed Up and Go Test [TUGT]).DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGGeneral medical wards in Edmonton, Canada.PARTICIPANTSAdults being discharged back to the community.MEASUREMENTSAll frailty assessments were done within 24 hours of discharge. Patients were classified as frail if they scored ≥5 on the CFS and/or ≥3 on the modified Fried score, and/or had reduced mobility (>20 seconds on the TUGT). The main outcome was readmission or death within 30 days.RESULTSOf 495 patients, 211 (43%) were frail according to at least 1 assessment, 46 (9%) met all 3 frailty definitions, and 17% died or were readmitted to the hospital within 30 days. Although patients classified as frail on the CFS exhibited significantly higher 30‐day readmission/death rates (23% vs 14% for not frail, P = 0.005; 28% vs. 12% in the elderly, P < 0.001), even after adjusting for age and sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19‐3.41 for all adults; aOR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.55‐6.60 for the elderly), patients meeting either of the phenotypic definitions for frailty but not the CFS definition were not at higher risk of 30‐day readmission/death (aOR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.34‐2.19 for all adults and aOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 0.72‐2.78 for the elderly).CONCLUSIONSFrailty has a significant impact on postdischarge outcomes, and the CFS is the most useful of the frequently used frailty tools for predicting poor outcomes after discharge. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:556–562. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Magnetization transfer as a potential tool for the early detection of acute graft rejection after lung transplantation in mice
Authors: Kenkel David , Yamada Yoshito , Weiger Markus , Jungraithmayr Wolfgang , Wurnig Moritz C. , Boss Andreas 
Published: May 2016

PurposeTo investigate the value of magnetization transfer (MT) measurements for assessment of acute rejection (AR) in a murine lung transplantation model.Materials and MethodsThirty mice including 15 C57BL/10 mice serving as donors and 15 C57BL/6 mice as recipients were examined in this study. MT imaging datasets were acquired on a 4.7 Tesla small animal MR scanner using a three‐dimensional zero echo time sequence with a Gaussian‐shaped MT prepulse with 1000° or 3000° flip angle and systematic variation of off‐resonance frequencies between 1000 and 15,000 Hz. After image acquisition, the images were qualitatively assessed, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) values were calculated and lungs were taken for histologic examination including staining with hematoxylin/eosin, Masson's trichrome (collagen), and α‐smooth muscle (fibroproliferative tissue) staining.ResultsLung transplantation was successfully performed in all 15 mice. All animals showed AR characterized by the presence of interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrates. There were significant differences of MTR in lungs with and without AR (P = 0.007). With a flip angle of 1000°, the largest differences between the MTR of healthy lungs and lungs with AR were observed for an off‐resonance frequency of 10,000 Hz (difference MTR 1.80%) and 15,000 Hz (1.91%) and with a flip angle of 3000° at off‐resonance frequencies of 6000 Hz (1.37%) and 8000 Hz (1.70%).ConclusionMT measurements may provide a tool for the quantitative assessment of AR. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1091–1098.
Deployment Experiences, Social Support, and Mental Health: Comparison of Black, White, and Hispanic U.S. Veterans Deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq
Authors: Muralidharan Anjana , Austern David , Hack Samantha , Vogt Dawne 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCompared to their White counterparts, Black and Hispanic Vietnam‐era, male, combat veterans in the United States have experienced discrimination and increased trauma exposure during deployment and exhibited higher rates of postdeployment mental health disorders. The present study examined differences in deployment experiences and postdeployment mental health among male and female Black, Hispanic, and White veterans deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq. Data were drawn from a national survey of veterans (N = 924) who had returned from deployment within the last 2 years. Ethnoracial minority veterans were compared to White veterans of the same gender on deployment experiences and postdeployment mental health. The majority of comparisons did not show significant differences; however, several small group differences did emerge (.02 < η2 < .04). Ethnoracial minority veterans reported greater perceived threat in the warzone and more family‐related concerns and stressors during deployment than White veterans of the same gender. Minority female veterans reported higher levels of postdeployment symptoms of anxiety than their White counterparts, which were accounted for by differences in deployment experience. These differences call for ongoing monitoring.
Chemical Sensors Based on New Polyamides Biobased on (Z) Octadec‐9‐Enedioic Acid and β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Duarte Lisday , Nag Sananda , Castro Mickaël , Zaborova Elena , Ménand Mickaël , Sollogoub Matthieu , Bennevault Véronique , Feller Jean‐Francois , Guégan Philippe 
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of new biobased polyamides from different β‐cyclodextrin monomers and the (Z) octadec‐9‐enedioic acid is investigated. The aim of this study is to design different sensors, having different sensibilities and selectivities to a set of various volatile organic compounds (VOC) relevant in the early detection of lung cancer. The sensors are obtained from the synthesized polyamides, using multiwalled carbon nanotubes as conductive nanofillers and a layer by layer process. The conductive polymer nanocomposites (CPC) designed from the heptakis‐6‐amino β‐cyclodextrin and 6A,6D diamino β‐cyclodextrin have a high affinity for polar protic solvents, while the CPC having a matrix based on 6A,6D diamino 2A‐G,3A‐G,6B,6C,6E,6F,6G nonadeca‐O‐benzyl‐β‐cyclodextrin develops hydrophobic interactions with nonpolar solvents. Due to a higher accessibility of cyclodextrin, the chemoresistive response of the hydrophilic linear polyamide CPC is larger than one of the hydrophilic branched polyamide CPC. As required, the VOC diffusion/desorption phenomenon is reversible for all the sensors.
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Characterization of Clusters and Unimers in Associating Solutions of Chitosan by Dynamic and Static Light Scattering
Authors: Skorik Yury A. , Petrova Valentina A. , Okatova Olga V. , Strelina Irina A. , Gasilova Ekaterina R. 
Published: May 2016

Association of two chitosans of different degrees of acetylation (DA) is studied in dilute water/acid/salt solutions by combined analysis of static and dynamic light scattering. The influence of sodium salt anions Cl−and CH3COO−on conformation of macromolecules and properties of clusters was studied. At DA = 15 mol%, the macromolecules exist either in rigid‐rod (Rg/Rh= 2.7) or in coil (Rg/Rh= 1.8) conformations in the solvents containing NaCl and CH3COONa, respectively. Chitosans with higher DA = 28% dissolved in the solvent containing CH3COONa are in the collapsed state (Rg/Rh< 0.8), predicted by Dobrynin (Macromolecules, 2004). The clusters are of spherical form (0.8 <Rg/Rh< 1.2). CH3COONa promotes higher fractal dimensionality of clusters (2.2–2.4) than NaCl (1.9). Higher critical aggregation concentration is observed in NaCl. The other hydrodynamic methods (capillary viscometry, velocity sedimentation, and Tsvetkov diffusometry) do not detect the clusters, probably, because of their disruption during flow.image
Repair of small damages in steel pipes with composite patches
Authors: Ayaz Y. , Çitil Ş. , Şahan M. F. 
Published: May 2016

The temperature change, internal pressure and corrosion are main reason of cracks in pipes. Removal of damaged pipes with new ones gives rise to major disruption during operation. This causes loss of time and cost. This study aims to prevent crack propagation and to obtain fast repair in damaged area, at the beginning of the damage. Repair of small cracks in steel pipes using composite patches has been studied in this work. The aim of the study is to repair small cracks less than 8 mm length. For this purpose, holes with 8 mm diameters were drilled in 170 mm long pipes and composite patches with 2, 2.6 and 3.2 mm thickness and 35, 40 and 45 mm overlap lengths with 60, 90 and 120° overlap angles were attached with an adhesive of 0.2 mm thickness. The repaired pipes were subjected to internal pressure until damage occurred. A finite element model was developed and the numerical results were verified based on experiments. The repair of steel pipe with adhesive bonding was successfully achieved under high pressure with composite patches.The results show that the increase in overlap angle results in an increased surface area, and consequently an increase in failure load. Furthermore, the failure load increased with an increase in patch thickness. Additionally, it is seen that the failure load does not change significantly with increasing patch thickness.