bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical and rheological characterization of different Carnoy's solutions applied in oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Carvalho Francisco Samuel Rodrigues , Feitosa Victor Pinheiro , da Cruz Fonseca Said Gonçalves , de Vasconcelos Araújo Thiago Dias , Soares Eduardo Costa Studart , Fonteles Cristiane Sá Roriz , Ribeiro Thyciana Rodrigues , Costa Fábio Wildson Gurgel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCarnoy's solution has been widely undertaken as adjunctive therapy for benign odontogenic tumors. Although its outcomes were highly investigated, little information is available regarding its mechanism of action and the role of chloroform in composition. The aim of this study was to characterize Carnoy's solution (with and without chloroform) in order to survey its physicochemical and pharmacological properties. UV/Vis spectroscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, viscosity assessment, pH analysis, and ion (Fe3+) concentration were studied. All solutions were prepared by the same operator and assayed at each 7 days within a 4‐week period. All solutions depicted acidic pH whereas the viscosity was increased by the addition of chloroform. Starting in the seventh day after preparation, solutions with chloroform showed iron precipitation when nonfiltered. Carnoy's solution without chloroform was stable during the survey period as evidenced by Raman spectroscopy. In conclusion, Carnoy's solution possesses an acidic characteristic, it is stable when stored at room temperature, and precipitates iron salts when in the presence of chloroform in a nonfiltered solution. The chloroform increases the viscosity of the solution and makes its pH slightly more acidic when compared to the Carnoy's solution without chloroform. Raman spectroscopy favored the evaluation of components' stability in solutions by using the spectra analysis and the established correlations between the peaks in different periods.
Direct imaging exposure equipment with high overlay accuracy for flexible substrate in roll‐to‐roll method
Authors: Kito Yoshiaki , Hori Masakazu , Hayashida Yosuke , Suzuki Tomonari , Komiyama Hiroki , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Kurashige Takahiro , Kato Masaki , Nara Kei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn order to fabricate thin‐film transistors on a flexible substrate, it is required to overlay patterns with high alignment accuracy. A polymer film can be deformed greatly and easily through thin‐film transistor fabrication processes because the glass transition point of a polymer film is below the maximum temperature of the processes. Furthermore, low stiffness of a polymer film can cause deformation when the polymer film is loaded on a working holder. These matters make it difficult to make patterns directly on a polymer film with high alignment accuracy. We proposed three concepts that solve three technical issues in order to directly make patterns with high overlay accuracy on a flexible film without a support substrate. We developed roll‐to‐roll exposure equipment with high overlay accuracy for a flexible substrate. Using this equipment, we succeeded to directly make patterns on a PET film, achieving a resolution of less than 6‐μm line and space pattern and an overlay accuracy of less than ±5 μm.
Theoretical Study of the Reaction of Carbonyl Oxide with Nitrogen Dioxide: CH2OO + NO2
Authors: Vereecken L. , Nguyen H. M. T. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe reaction mechanism of the reaction of the Criegee intermediate CH2OO with NO2 was investigated using quantum chemical and theoretical kinetic methodologies. The reaction shows a rich chemistry, though the number of channels that effectively contribute at room temperature is limited. The theoretical characterization of the entrance transition states was hampered by strongly multireference wave functions. The predicted rate coefficient k(298 K) = 4.4 × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 thus carries a large uncertainty, but is in agreement with literature data. We find that the CH2OO + NO2 reaction reacts by adduct formation, near‐exclusively forming nitro‐peroxy radicals, •OOCH2NO2. These will react as other alkylperoxy radicals in the atmosphere, ultimately generating CH2O and regenerating NO2 in most reaction conditions. The product predictions contrast with earlier experimental work showing NO3 formation, but support other observations of adduct products.
Kinetic Study and Mechanism Hydrolysis of 4‐Bromo‐3,5 dimethylphenyl N‐methylcarbamate in Aqueous Media
Authors: Attig Jihène Ben , Ouertani Randa , Megriche Adel , Hamida Néjib Ben , El Atrache Latifa Latrous 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTDegradation via hydrolysis is among the main transformation pathways and particularly for N‐methylcarbamates. Carbamate pesticide hydrolysis is known to proceed through alkaline catalysis, with reaction of the hydroxide ion with the carbonyl function or with abstraction of hydrogen in the α position with respect to the carbonyl. This reaction leads to the formation of methylamine and corresponding phenol. In this respect, the reaction kinetics of 4‐bromo‐3,5‐dimethylphenyl N‐methylcarbamate (BDMC) hydrolysis have been investigated in alkaline solution using a spectrophotometric technique and reversed phase liquid chromatography. The kinetic constants were determined following a proposed pseudo–first‐order kinetic model. The positive activation entropy ΔS≠ = +35.73 J mol−1 K−1 and the absence of general base catalysis indicated an unimolecular elimination conjugate base (E1cB) hydrolytic mechanism involving the formation of methyl isocyanate. This result was confirmed by the fact that BDMC fits well into brönsted and Hammett lines, obtained for a series of substituted N‐methylcarbamate whose decomposition in aqueous media was established to follow an E1cB mechanism.
Bed disturbance below dams: observations from two Mediterranean rivers
Authors: Lobera Gemma , Andrés‐Domenech Ignacio , López‐Tarazón José A. , Millán‐Romero Pedro , Vallés Francisco , Vericat Damià , Batalla Ramon J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRiver‐bed disturbance and associated sedimentary processes such as particle mobility are central elements to assess river ecosystem functioning. Dams change river dynamics affecting the magnitude and frequency of biophysical elements that depend on them. This paper examines the effects of two dams different in size, management, and location, on the flow regime, flood competence, and bed disturbance in two contrasting Mediterranean rivers, the Ésera and the Siurana. For this purpose, two reaches on each river were monitored upstream and downstream from reservoirs. Several monitoring and modeling techniques were used to characterize flow competence, particle entrainment, and the volumes of sediments eroded and deposited after floods. The flow regime of the Ésera has been modified from nivo‐pluvial regime, typical of humid mountainous environments, to that observed in dry semiarid regions, in which high magnitude but low frequency floods are the dominant processes. Conversely, the flow regime of the Siurana has changed from a typical Mediterranean stream to a regime observed in more temperate environments, with more permanent and stable flows. Both rivers show notably physical changes, with channels clearly less dynamic below the dams. The lack of competent flows together with the sediment deficit associated with the dams has led to less active fluvial environments (reduced particle mobility and bed scour dynamics), a fact that affects instream habitat structure (more uniform grain size distribution, less physical heterogeneity, more stable flows), overall contributing to the degradation of the stream corridor and the subsequent environmental deterioration of the whole fluvial landscape. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical realization of Schell‐model sources using a fast steering mirror
Authors: Hyde Milo W. , Bose‐Pillai Santasri R. , Xiao Xifeng , Voelz David G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA simple optical system is built to quickly realize partially coherent sources for directed energy applications. The apparatus implements a recently developed technique in which any uniformly correlated or Schell‐model source can be generated by summing many statistically independent randomly tilted beams. This result means that only a tip‐tilt or fast steering mirror (FSM) is needed to realize Schell‐model sources, which in contrast to existing synthesis techniques, is both fast and flexible. A brief review of the theory necessary to understand and implement the tilt‐only synthesis technique is presented. The FSM apparatus is then described. Lastly, experimental results of a Schell‐model source are compared with theoretical predictions to validate both the synthesis technique and FSM apparatus.
Metal cover design of mobile phone for wireless power transfer
Authors: Kim Jae Hee , Ahn Chi‐Hyung 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis letter proposes a method of designing a metal cover of mobile phone for wireless power transfer (WPT). To investigate the effect of metal cover on WPT, the efficiency is extracted by changing the size and shape of the metal cover. As a result, the factor of reducing the efficiency of the WPT is the cover design adjacent to the receiving coil. Two cover designs are proposed to maximize efficiency when covering the entire mobile phone with metals according to the via positions. The first design is to divide the metal cover into five metal patches. A large metal patch is located in the middle and two small metal patches are placed at the top and bottom respectively. The second design is to divide the metal cover into three metal patches and the metal patches are placed at the top, middle, and bottom. The efficiency of the WPT is measured by fabricating the proposed structures. At the frequency of 6.78 MHz, the measured efficiency is 65% for the first design, and 63% for the second design.
325 GHz CMOS power detector integrated with patch antenna
Authors: Yi C. , Choi S. H. , Kim M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA 325 GHz power detector integrated with a microstrip patch antenna is fabricated using 65‐nm CMOS technology. Measurements on the detector pixel show responsivity of 41.2 V/W and noise equivalent power of 36.8 pW/Hz0.5. Two breakout circuits including a detector block and a patch antenna are additionally tested to understand the pixel performance. This analytical procedure should yield more accurate future detector pixel designs.
Dual‐end opened slot antenna design for dual‐band WLAN uses on handsets
Authors: Chang Chih‐Kai , Yao Chi‐Yuan , Liao Wen‐Jiao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA novel slot antenna configuration is proposed for applications on mobile terminals. The slot has both ends opened and can be placed on circuit board edges or incorporated with a handset's metal body. The antenna is loaded with one capacitor at the slot's opening and an inductor right next to the feed. Functions of loadings include size reduction, band broadening, and matching improvement. A compact design of 15 mm × 5 mm is devised for dual‐band WLAN uses. Simulated and measured results validate that good matching and radiation efficiency are achieved with moderately directive patterns in both bands. A two‐antenna scheme is also provided for MIMO uses. A mobile device can take advantage of the proposed antenna's compact volume and directive pattern to achieve good isolation and diversity performances.
A high‐linearity Doherty power amplifier using Metamaterial based on ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Zhao Shiwei , Ren Yi , Xu Yuehang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this letter, a new Metameterial using ferroelectric ceramics is proposed to improve the linearity of the Doherty power amplifier (DPA). The conventional λ/4 transmission line is substituted by the periodic Metamaterial cell, which the impedance inversion can be performed by the proposed structure. Meanwhile, the second and higher order harmonics of the main amplifier is suppressed by this structure. In addition, the phase of Metamaterial can be changed to desired value by modifying the voltage of Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) because the loaded Metamaterial cell is based on BST. Accordingly, the AM‐PM distortion of the total DPA can be corrected by tuning the voltage of BST. Experiment results show that the third‐order inter‐modulation distortion (IMD3) of the proposed DPA can be reduced by 20 dB compared with the conventional DPA.
A new filter antenna using improved stepped impedance hairpin resonator
Authors: Feng Dan , Zhai Huiqing , Xi Lei , Zhang Kedi , Yang Dong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this letter, a filter antenna based on novel wide stop‐band low‐pass filter has been presented. The introduction of mushroom cell makes smaller structure and wider stop‐band of the antenna. The filter antenna works in the frequency from 1.8 to 2 GHz (10.5%), and exhibits a good out‐band rejection characteristic that the maximum frequency of the stop band is 13 GHz, which is 6.8 times of the central frequency. The measured results show a good agreement with simulated results.
Dual‐wideband band pass filter using folded cross‐stub stepped impedance resonator
Authors: Firmansyah Teguh , Praptodinoyo Supriyanto , Wiryadinata Romi , Suhendar Suhendar , Wardoyo Siswo , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Chairunissa Cindy , Alaydrus Mudrik , Wibisono Gunawan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this letter, a dual‐wideband band pass filter (DW‐BPF) using cross‐stub stepped impedance resonator (CS‐SIR) was simulated, fabricated, and measured accordingly. The CS‐SIR was used to replace the conventional half‐wavelength open stub resonators. Compare to the conventional resonator, the CS‐SIR resonator has a wider fractional bandwidth and ease of fabrication. Furthermore, the DB‐BPF was fabricated on microstrip with ɛr = 4.4, h = 0.8 mm, and tan δ = 0.0265. The DW‐BPF with CS‐SIR achieves transmission‐coefficients/fractional‐bandwidth of 0.22 dB/94.19% and 1.87 dB/33.52% at 1.14 GHz and 2.31 GHz, respectively. In order to reduce the filter size, a folded CS‐SIR (FCS‐SIR) was also proposed. As a result, this BPF size was reduced to 53%, with the BPF size of 0.30 λG2 and 0.14 λG2 for DW‐BPF with CS‐SIR and DW‐BPF with folded CS‐SIR, respectively. The λG is the wavelength at the first frequency. Further, the DW‐BPF with FCS‐SIR achieves transmission coefficients/fractional bandwidth of 0.19 dB/89.08% and 1.29 dB/31.90% at 1.21 GHz and 2.41 GHz, respectively. Measured results are in a very good agreement with the simulated results.
1.5 µW wake‐up‐receiver for biotelemetry applications
Authors: Whitehall Sean E. , Saavedra Carlos E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article presents a microwave wake‐up receiver for biotelemetry applications. The circuit is designed using 130 nm CMOS technology and it consists of a passive amplification front end filter, envelope detector and baseband frequency amplifier with variable feedback filtering. The receiver is designed to operate at 7.6 GHz and measured results show that it has a sensitivity of −40 dBm while drawing just 3 μA from a 0.5 V supply. The presented work has the smallest known area and exhibits a competitive tradeoff between DC power, sensitivity, and bit rate.
A framework based on hidden Markov trees for multimodal PET/CT image co‐segmentation
Authors: Hanzouli‐Ben Salah Houda , Lapuyade‐Lahorgue Jerome , Bert Julien , Benoit Didier , Lambin Philippe , Van Baardwijk Angela , Monfrini Emmanuel , Pieczynski Wojciech , Visvikis Dimitris , Hatt Mathieu 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a probabilistic quad‐tree graph (hidden Markov tree, HMT) to provide fast computation, robustness and an interpretational framework for multimodality image processing and to evaluate this framework for single gross tumor target (GTV) delineation from both positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) images.MethodsWe exploited joint statistical dependencies between hidden states to handle the data stack using multi‐observation, multi‐resolution of HMT and Bayesian inference. This framework was applied to segmentation of lung tumors in PET/CT datasets taking into consideration simultaneously the CT and the PET image information. PET and CT images were considered using either the original voxels intensities, or after wavelet/contourlet enhancement. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity (SE), positive predictive value (PPV) were used to assess the performance of the proposed approach on one simulated and 15 clinical PET/CT datasets of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. The surrogate of truth was a statistical consensus (obtained with the Simultaneous Truth and Performance Level Estimation algorithm) of three manual delineations performed by experts on fused PET/CT images. The proposed framework was applied to PET‐only, CT‐only and PET/CT datasets, and were compared to standard and improved fuzzy c‐means (FCM) multimodal implementations.ResultsA high agreement with the consensus of manual delineations was observed when using both PET and CT images. Contourlet‐based HMT led to the best results with a DSC of 0.92 ± 0.11 compared to 0.89 ± 0.13 and 0.90 ± 0.12 for Intensity‐based HMT and Wavelet‐based HMT, respectively. Considering PET or CT only in the HMT led to much lower accuracy. Standard and improved FCM led to comparatively lower accuracy than HMT, even when considering multimodal implementations.ConclusionsWe evaluated the accuracy of the proposed HMT‐based framework for PET/CT image segmentation. The proposed method reached good accuracy, especially with pre‐processing in the contourlet domain.
N‐Butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐1,8‐naphthalimide: A new matrix for small molecule analysis by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Cheng Xina , Ye Xueting , Liu Dan , Zhao Nan , Gao Huiyuan , Wang Ping , Ge Guangbo , Zhang Xiaozhe 
Published: August 2017

RationaleThe matrix plays an essential role in defining detection limits and ionization yields of analytes in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) analysis. Small molecule MALDI‐MS analyses commonly suffer from the high background interference generated from matrices. Moreover, the inhomogeneous crystallization of some matrices, such as 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), is to the detriment of the quality or repeatability of detection. We have found that N‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐1,8‐naphthalimide (BHN) can provide improved performance as a matrix for small molecule analysis.MethodsBHN was evaluated in the low‐mass region for its ionization efficiency, repeatability and background interference using O‐acetyl‐L‐carnitine hydrochloride, Aβ35‐40, Aβ35‐42, and oxytocin as the model analytes. In addition, the modification effects of BHN on DHB were investigated for the in situ analysis of endogenous compounds in rat brain slices using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)‐MS.ResultsBHN is capable of ionizing small molecules, including O‐acetyl‐L‐carnitine hydrochloride and peptides, with high repeatability and low background interference signals. A low concentration of BHN (3 mM) modifies the crystallization state of DHB but still retains its ionization performance. The determination of small molecules desorbed from tissue slices was significantly improved by using a binary matrix of DHB and BHN, yielding superior signal‐to‐noise ratio and signal intensities.ConclusionsThe new matrix BHN has exhibited suitability for the analysis of small molecules. Compared with the conventional matrices, CHCA and DHB, BHN provides a clean background in the low‐mass region. In combination with DHB, the ability of BHN to form highly homogenous crystalline particles shows the clear beneficial effects of BHN for the reproducibility of MS detection.
Stability‐indicating assay method for acotiamide: Separation, identification and characterization of its hydroxylated and hydrolytic degradation products along with a process‐related impurity by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Thummar Mohit , Patel Prinesh N. , Samanthula Gananadhamu , Ragampeta Srinivas 
Published: August 2017

RationaleThe presence of impurities and degradation products will affect the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic properties and alter the safety of a drug. Hence, the development of a stability‐indicating assay method is an integral part of quality product development and is crucial for the regulatory approval of drug products.MethodsAcotiamide was subjected to stress degradation under hydrolytic, oxidative, photo and thermal stress conditions. The resulted degradation products (DPs), as well as a process‐related impurity (IMP), were selectively separated from the drug on a Waters Acquity HSS cyano column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with a mobile phase containing a gradient mixture of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile (ACN) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL min−1.ResultsThe drug was found to degrade under hydrolytic (acidic and basic), oxidative and photolytic stress while it remained stable under neutral hydrolytic and thermal stress conditions. The seven degradation products (DPs) and one process‐related impurity (IMP) were observed. All the DPs and process‐related IMP were well separated by the developed ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method and subsequently characterized by UHPLC/electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS). The proposed UHPLC method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness as per ICH guideline, Q2 (R1).ConclusionsAll the observed DPs were new and formed by hydrolysis of an amide bond, phenyl ring hydroxylation and hydrolysis of the methoxy group of the phenyl ring. The despropyl process‐related impurity was observed and well separated from the drug. The proposed UHPLC mass spectrometric method has greater utility in the identification of DPs in much less time with excellent selectivity.
Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cardiovascular Regeneration: Emerging Research Directions and Clinical Applications
Authors: Majka Marcin , Sułkowski Maciej , Badyra Bogna , Musiałek Piotr 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Experimental and early clinical data suggest that, due to several unique properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be more effective than other cell types for diseases that are difficult to treat or untreatable. Owing to their ease of isolation and culture as well as their secretory and immunomodulatory abilities, MSCs are the most promising option in the field of cell-based therapies. Although MSCs from various sources share several common characteristics, they also exhibit several important differences. These variations may reflect, in part, specific regional properties of the niches from which the cells originate. Moreover, morphological and functional features of MSCs are susceptible to variations across isolation protocols and cell culture conditions. These observations suggest that careful preparation of manufacturing protocols will be necessary for the most efficient use of MSCs in future clinical trials. A typical human myocardial infarct involves the loss of approximately 1 billion cardiomyocytes and 2–3 billion other (mostly endothelial) myocardial cells, leading (despite maximized medical therapy) to a significant negative impact on the length and quality of life. Despite more than a decade of intensive research, search for the “best” (safe and maximally effective) cell type to drive myocardial regeneration continues. In this review, we summarize information about the most important features of MSCs and recent discoveries in the field of MSCs research, and describe current data from preclinical and early clinical studies on the use of MSCs in cardiovascular regeneration.