bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of chemically induced oral ulcer using adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell sheet
Authors: Lee Doh Young , Kim Hee‐Bok , Shim In Kyoung , Kanai Nobuo , Okano Teruo , Kwon Seong Keun 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThis study investigated the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sheet transplantation on healing of chemically induced oral ulceration in a rabbit animal model.MethodsOral mucosal ulcers were induced by topical application of filter paper soaked with 70% acetic acid to the anterior gingiva and buccal mucosa of 12 New Zealand white rabbits. The animals were randomly assigned to two groups: with (treatment group, n = 6) or without (control group, n = 6) cell sheets applied to ulcers. Gross findings were sequentially evaluated, and histologic examination was performed on day 7.ResultsBased on gross inspection, ulceration resolved before day 5 in the treatment group; however, in the control group, healing was incomplete on day 7. In the treatment group, the total area of the ulcer decreased significantly from day 2 to day 5 (P < 0.001) and from day 5 to day 7 (P = 0.020), whereas the area decreased significantly from day 5 to day 7 in the control group (P < 0.001). Histologic and immunofluorescence examination revealed full‐thickness mucosa healing and complete basal cell coverage in the treatment group; in contrast, only partial healing was observed on day 7 in the control group.ConclusionsCell sheet technology using MSC can be an alternative treatment for oral ulcerations in that it can decrease healing time without invasive properties.
Within‐community environmental variability drives trait variability in species‐rich grasslands
Authors: Price Jodi , Tamme Riin , Gazol Antonio , de Bello Francesco , Takkis Krista , Uria‐Diez Jaime , Kasari Liis , Pärtel Meelis 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimsSpatial environmental heterogeneity has been considered an important co‐existence mechanism because environmental variation enables different species to co‐occur. We predict that if functional differences are important for co‐existence, then both species and functional diversity should be positively related to environmental heterogeneity.LocationThirty three dry calcareous grassland sites in Estonia.MethodsIn each site, we established a transect (10.0 m × 0.1 m), consisting of 100 quadrats (10 cm × 10 cm). In each quadrat, we recorded species richness and composition, and measured soil depth, moisture and light availability. We collected data on eight traits from most of the species found across the sites. We calculated functional diversity (FD) at the quadrat scale, and compared the observed FD to that expected at random using two null models. The first null model used all the species that occurred in the transect in the randomizations to determine environmental filtering from the transect to the quadrat. The second null model restricted the species used in the randomizations to those species whose trait range was within the range of the observed values in the quadrat, to detect evidence for niche partitioning. Quadrat mean trait values and variability in functional composition were then related to small‐scale mean environmental conditions and heterogeneity, respectively.ResultsWe found convergent patterns in biomass, specific leaf area, specific root length and clonality compared to randomized communities that included all species occurring in the transect, and found divergence in height and leaf area using the range‐restricted null model. Hence, we found patterns consistent with environmental filtering and niche partitioning depending on the traits considered. Quadrat mean traits were significantly correlated with the measured environmental variables, with the main trend being a positive relationship between size‐related traits and soil resources, and a negative relationship between these traits and light availability. Trait variability in height, leaf area, leaf dry matter content, specific root length and clonality was positively related to soil depth heterogeneity. There was a trend for species richness to be negatively related to environmental heterogeneity.ConclusionsCo‐occurring species were more similar in several traits partly due to micro‐environmental filtering in response to variability in soil depth. While environmental heterogeneity increased trait variability, negative relationships with species richness were observed. Hence, niche partitioning does not appear to be important for the maintenance of high small‐scale species richness in these grasslands.
Statistical methods for linguistic research: Foundational Ideas—Part II
Authors: Nicenboim Bruno , Vasishth Shravan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe provide an introductory review of Bayesian data analytical methods, with a focus on applications for linguistics, psychology, psycholinguistics, and cognitive science. The empirically oriented researcher will benefit from making Bayesian methods part of their statistical toolkit due to the many advantages of this framework, among them easier interpretation of results relative to research hypotheses and flexible model specification. We present an informal introduction to the foundational ideas behind Bayesian data analysis, using, as an example, a linear mixed models analysis of data from a typical psycholinguistics experiment. We discuss hypothesis testing using the Bayes factor and model selection using cross‐validation. We close with some examples illustrating the flexibility of model specification in the Bayesian framework. Suggestions for further reading are also provided.
Leading issues in Tashlhiyt phonology
Authors: Ridouane Rachid 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA growing body of research has been conducted on the phonology of Tashlhiyt over the last few decades. This article offers a general overview into this research. It provides a concise summary of how the mental representation and the computation of some specific Tashlhiyt speech sounds have been accounted for, and it highlights the important implications of these analyses for several areas of phonological theory. Some aspects of Tashlhiyt linguistic system are so famous that no general course in phonology can reasonably ignore them, given their important theoretical implications. The syllable structure of Tashlhiyt is one such aspect. Other issues have received scholarly attention, for example, feature harmony and consonant gemination. These and other aspects of Tashlhiyt phonology are discussed and what has been known about them is summarized. Areas for which more work is needed are noted.
INDIFFERENCE PRICING FOR CONTINGENT CLAIMS: LARGE DEVIATIONS EFFECTS
Authors: Robertson Scott , Spiliopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe study utility indifference prices and optimal purchasing quantities for a nontraded contingent claim in an incomplete semimartingale market with vanishing hedging errors. We make connections with the theory of large deviations. We concentrate on sequences of semicomplete markets where in the nth market, the claim admits the decomposition . Here, is replicable by trading in the underlying assets , but is independent of . Under broad conditions, we may assume that vanishes in accordance with a large deviations principle (LDP) as n grows. In this setting, for an exponential investor, we identify the limit of the average indifference price , for units of , as . We show that if , the limiting price typically differs from the price obtained by assuming bounded positions , and the difference is explicitly identifiable using large deviations theory. Furthermore, we show that optimal purchase quantities occur at the large deviations scaling, and hence large positions arise endogenously in this setting.
Host and tissue variations overshadow the response of boreal moss‐associated fungal communities to increased nitrogen load
Authors: Davey Marie L. , Skogen Marte J. , Heegaard Einar , Halvorsen Rune , Kauserud Håvard , Ohlson Mikael 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHuman activity has more than doubled the amount of nitrogen entering the global nitrogen cycle, and the boreal forest biome is a nitrogen‐limited ecosystem sensitive to nitrogen load perturbation. Although bryophyte‐associated microbes contribute significantly to boreal forest ecosystem function, particularly in carbon and nitrogen cycling, little is known about their responses to anthropogenic global change. Amplicon pyrosequencing of the ITS2 region of rDNA was used to investigate how fungal communities associated with three bryophyte species responded to increased nitrogen loads in a long‐term fertilization experiment in a boreal Picea abies forest in southern Norway. Overall, OTU richness, community composition and the relative abundance of specific ecological guilds were primarily influenced by host species identity and tissue type. Although not the primary factor affecting fungal communities, nitrogen addition did impact the abundance of specific guilds of fungi and the resulting overall community composition. Increased nitrogen loads decreased ectomycorrhizal abundance, with Amphinema, Cortinarius, Russula and Tylospora OTUs responding negatively to fertilization. Pathogen abundance increased with fertilization, particularly in the moss pathogen Eocronartium. Saprophytic fungi were both positively and negatively impacted by the nitrogen addition, indicating a complex community level response. The overshadowing of the effects of increased nitrogen loads by variation related to host and tissue type highlights the complexity of bryophyte‐associated microbial communities and the intricate nature of their responses to anthropogenic global change.
SymB and SymC, two membrane associated proteins, are required for Epichloë festucae hyphal cell–cell fusion and maintenance of a mutualistic interaction with Lolium perenne
Authors: Green Kimberly A. , Becker Yvonne , Tanaka Aiko , Takemoto Daigo , Fitzsimons Helen L. , Seiler Stephan , Lalucque Hervé , Silar Philippe , Scott Barry 
Published: November 2016

SummaryCell–cell fusion in fungi is required for colony formation, nutrient transfer and signal transduction. Disruption of genes required for hyphal fusion in Epichloë festucae, a mutualistic symbiont of Lolium grasses, severely disrupts the host interaction phenotype. They examined whether symB and symC, the E. festucae homologs of Podospora anserina self‐signaling genes IDC2 and IDC3, are required for E. festucae hyphal fusion and host symbiosis. Deletion mutants of these genes were defective in hyphal cell fusion, formed intra‐hyphal hyphae, and had enhanced conidiation. SymB‐GFP and SymC‐mRFP1 localize to plasma membrane, septa and points of hyphal cell fusion. Plants infected with ΔsymB and ΔsymC strains were severely stunted. Hyphae of the mutants colonized vascular bundles, were more abundant than wild type in the intercellular spaces and formed intra‐hyphal hyphae. Although these phenotypes are identical to those previously observed for cell wall integrity MAP kinase mutants no difference was observed in the basal level of MpkA phosphorylation or its cellular localization in the mutant backgrounds. Both genes contain binding sites for the transcription factor ProA. Collectively these results show that SymB and SymC are key components of a conserved signaling network for E. festucae to maintain a mutualistic symbiotic interaction within L. perenne.
Whole genome sequencing analysis of the cutaneous pathogenic yeast Malassezia restricta and identification of the major lipase expressed on the scalp of patients with dandruff
Authors: Park Minji , Cho Yong‐Joon , Lee Yang Won , Jung Won Hee 
Published: November 2016

SummaryMalassezia species are opportunistic pathogenic fungi that are frequently associated with seborrhoeic dermatitis, including dandruff. Most Malassezia species are lipid dependent, a property that is compensated by breaking down host sebum into fatty acids by lipases. In this study, we aimed to sequence and analyse the whole genome of Malassezia restricta KCTC 27527, a clinical isolate from a Korean patient with severe dandruff, to search for lipase orthologues and identify the lipase that is the most frequently expressed on the scalp of patients with dandruff. The genome of M. restricta KCTC 27527 was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq and PacBio platforms. Lipase orthologues were identified by comparison with known lipase genes in the genomes of Malassezia globosa and Malassezia sympodialis. The expression of the identified lipase genes was directly evaluated in swab samples from the scalps of 56 patients with dandruff. We found that, among the identified lipase‐encoding genes, the gene encoding lipase homolog MRES_03670, named LIP5 in this study, was the most frequently expressed lipase in the swab samples. Our study provides an overview of the genome of a clinical isolate of M. restricta and fundamental information for elucidating the role of lipases during fungus‐host interaction.
Digital technologies as truth‐bearers in health care
Authors: Bartlett Ruth , Balmer Andrew , Brannelly Petula 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the idea of digital technologies as truth‐bearers in health care and argue that devices like SenseCam, which facilitate reflection and memory recall, have a potentially vital role in healthcare situations when questions of veracity are at stake (e.g., when best interest decisions are being made). We discuss the role of digital technologies as truth‐bearers in the context of nursing people with dementia, as this is one area of health care in which the topic of truth‐telling has been hotly debated. People with dementia have been excluded from research studies and decisions that affect their lives because they are not regarded as truth‐bearers—that is, as being capable of giving truthful accounts of their experiences. Also, considerable research has focused on the ethics of lying to and deceiving people with dementia. Given their increasing prominence in healthcare settings, there has been surprisingly little discussion of what role digital technologies might play in relation to these questions of truth and deception. Drawing on theories from science and technology studies (STS), we explore their possible future role in some of the truth‐making processes of health care. In particular, we discuss the potential value of constraints on use of SenseCam to support the accounts of people with dementia as part of their care.
Studies using concentric ring bifocal and peripheral add multifocal contact lenses to slow myopia progression in school‐aged children: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Shi‐Ming , Kang Meng‐Tian , Wu Shan‐Shan , Meng Bo , Sun Yun‐Yun , Wei Shi‐Fei , Liu Luoru , Peng Xiaoxia , Chen Zhuo , Zhang Fengju , Wang Ningli 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of soft contact lens with concentric ring bifocal and peripheral add multifocal designs on controlling myopia progression in school‐aged children.MethodsWe systematically searchedMEDLINE,EMBASE, Cochrane Library and reference lists of included trials. Methodological quality of included trials was assessed using Jadad Scale and Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale items.ResultsWe identified five randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and three cohort studies with a total of 587 myopic children. Compared with the control group, concentric ring bifocal soft contact lenses showed less myopia progression with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 0.31 D (95%CI, 0.05~0.57 D,p= 0.02) and less axial elongation with aWMDof −0.12 mm (95%CI, approximately −0.18 to −0.07 mm,p< 0.0001) at 12 months. Relative to the control group, peripheral add multifocal soft contact lenses showed less myopia progression with aWMDof 0.22 D (95%CI0.14~0.31 D,p< 0.0001) and less axial elongation of −0.10 mm (95%CI−0.13~0.07 mm,p< 0.0001) at 12 months, respectively. The soft contact lenses with concentric ring bifocal and peripheral add multifocal designs produced additional myopia control rates of 30~38% for slowing myopia progression and 31~51% for lessening axial elongation within 24 months.ConclusionsBoth concentric ring bifocal and peripheral add multifocal soft contact lenses are clinically effective for controlling myopia in school‐aged children, with an overall myopia control rates of 30~50% over 2 years. Concentric ring bifocal soft contact lenses seem to have greater effect than peripheral add multifocal soft contact lenses.
Reviving the Progressive Spirit of Public Administration
Authors: Roberts Alasdair 
Published: November 2016

Related Content: Balfour and Newbold (PAR January/February 2017)Related Content: Eckerd (PAR January/February 2017)Related Content: Vidal‐Aparicio (PAR January/February 2017)Related Content: Gerrits and Verweij (PAR January/February 2017)Related Content: Robbins (PAR January/February 2017)
Placebo in sports nutrition: a proof‐of‐principle study involving caffeine supplementation
Authors: Saunders B. , de Oliveira L. F. , da Silva R. P. , de Salles Painelli V. , Gonçalves L. S. , Yamaguchi G. , Mutti T. , Maciel E. , Roschel H. , Artioli G. G. , Gualano B. 
Published: November 2016

We investigated the effects of supplement identification on exercise performance with caffeine supplementation. Forty‐two trained cyclists (age 37 ± 8 years, body mass [BM] 74.3 ± 8.4 kg, height 1.76 ± 0.06 m, maximum oxygen uptake 50.0 ± 6.8 mL/kg/min) performed a ~30 min cycling time‐trial 1 h following either 6 mg/kgBM caffeine (CAF) or placebo (PLA) supplementation and one control (CON) session without supplementation. Participants identified which supplement they believed they had ingested (“caffeine”, “placebo”, “don't know”) pre‐ and post‐exercise. Subsequently, participants were allocated to subgroups for analysis according to their identifications. Overall and subgroup analyses were performed using mixed‐model and magnitude‐based inference analyses. Caffeine improved performance vs PLA and CON (P ≤ 0.001). Correct pre‐ and post‐exercise identification of caffeine in CAF improved exercise performance (+4.8 and +6.5%) vs CON, with slightly greater relative increases than the overall effect of caffeine (+4.1%). Performance was not different between PLA and CON within subgroups (all P > 0.05), although there was a tendency toward improved performance when participants believed they had ingested caffeine post‐exercise (P = 0.06; 87% likely beneficial). Participants who correctly identified placebo in PLA showed possible harmful effects on performance compared to CON. Supplement identification appeared to influence exercise outcome and may be a source of bias in sports nutrition.
About the in vivo quantitation of skin anisotropy
Authors: Rosado C. , Antunes F. , Barbosa R. , Fernando R. , Estudante M. , Silva H. N. , Rodrigues L. M. 
Published: November 2016

Background/purposeHuman skin anisotropy is difficult to quantify. The Cutiscan®, is allegedly, the first biometrical system to provide information on the elastic and viscoelastic properties, as well as on anisotropy and directionality of the human skin in vivo. Thus, this study aims to contribute to characterize this new device and its applicability, and to compare its behavior with two other well‐known devices—the Cutometer® and the Reviscometer®.MethodsMeasurements were conducted with each device in three different anatomical sites (forehead, forearm and leg) of 20 female volunteers engaged after informed consent. The participants in the study were aged 19–73 years (mean age 37 ± 18.7 years old), and were divided in two groups (n = 10), based on their age – Group I, mean age 22 ± 1.3 years; Group II, mean age 52 ± 13.7 years.ResultsAll devices were useful tools to explore the anatomical and the age dependant changes in biomechanical terms, showing different discriminative capacities. Interesting correlations were established between the variables provided by the equipment.ConclusionThe Cutiscan® descriptors delivered excellent relationships with those from Cutometer® and Reviscometer®, while providing more detailed information about skin anisotropy through a full 360° analysis.
A randomized controlled pilot study of VO2 max testing: a potential model for measuring relative in vivo efficacy of different red blood cell products
Authors: Bennett‐Guerrero Elliott , Lockhart Evelyn L. , Bandarenko Nicholas , Campbell Mary L. , Natoli Michael J. , Jamnik Veronika K. , Carter Timothy R. , Moon Richard E. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDRandomized trials, for example, RECESS, comparing “young” (median, 7‐day) versus “middle‐aged” (median, 28‐day) red blood cells (RBCs), showed no difference in outcome. These data are important; however, they do not inform us about the safety and effectiveness of the oldest RBCs, which some patients receive. It may not be feasible to conduct a clinical trial randomizing patients to receive the oldest blood. Therefore, we propose strenuous exercise (VO2 max testing) as a model to study the relative efficacy to increase oxygen delivery to tissue of different RBC products, for example, extremes of storage duration.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn this pilot study, eight healthy subjects had 2 units of leukoreduced RBCs collected by apheresis in AS‐3 using standard methods. Subjects were randomized to receive both (2) units of their autologous RBCs at either 7 or 42 days after blood collection. VO2 max testing on a cycle ergometer was performed 2 days before (Monday) and 2 days after (Friday) the transfusion visit (Wednesday). This design avoids confounding effects on intravascular volume from the 2‐unit blood transfusion. The primary outcome was the difference in VO2 max between Friday and Monday (delta VO2 max).RESULTSVO2 max increased more in the 7‐day RBC arm (8.7 ± 6.9% vs. 1.9 ± 6.5%, p = 0.202 for comparison between arms). Exercise duration (seconds) increased in the 7‐day RBC arm (8.4 ± 1.7%) but actually decreased in the 42‐day arm (−2.6 ± 3.6%, p = 0.002).CONCLUSIONSThis pilot study suggests that VO2 max testing has potential as a rigorous and quantitative in vivo functional assay of RBC function. Our preliminary results suggest that 42‐day RBCs are inferior to 7‐day RBCs at delivering oxygen to tissues.
Transpalpebral exenteration in cattle: a retrospective study of 115 cases
Authors: Chigerwe Munashe , Angelos John A. , Gamsjäeger Lisa , Heller Meera C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the indications for exenteration and complications associated with the procedure.Animals studied115 cattle.ProceduresMedical records of cattle presented for unilateral exenteration evaluated at the University of California, Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from January 1985 through December 2015 were reviewed.ResultsMedian (range) age at presentation for all cattle was 6 (0.2–30) years. The most prevalent (80.9%) indication for exenteration was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Cattle >5 years had higher odds (OR = 11.2, 95% CI, 2.8–45.8) for undergoing exenteration due to SCC compared to cattle ≤5 years. Herefords had higher odds (OR = 4.6, 95% CI, 1.5–14.6) for undergoing exenteration for SCC compared to other breeds. Holsteins had higher odds (OR = 140.7, 95% CI, 7.5–2644) for undergoing exenteration for retrobulbar lymphoma compared to other breeds. Complications following exenteration were reported in 15 cases (13.0%). The postsurgical complications were orbital abscesses (6/15), recurrence of SCC (5/15), wound dehiscence (3/15), and excessive hemorrhage (1/15). Median (range) time to occurrence of postsurgical complications was 19 (5–205) days. There was no significant association (P > 0.05) between ocular diagnosis, age, anesthetic technique or the suture pattern used to close the skin postsurgically, and occurrence of postsurgical complications.ConclusionsEarly clinical diagnosis of SCC by owners and veterinarians may prevent the need for exenteration. Owners should be made aware of the possible postsurgical complications following exenteration in cattle.