bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Conversion of P=O‐Bridged Rhodamines into P=O‐Rhodols: Solvatochromic Near‐Infrared Fluorophores
Authors: Grzybowski Marek , Taki Masayasu , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe substitution of an oxygen atom in rhodols with a phosphine oxide (P=O) moiety affords P=O‐bridged rhodols as a new type of near‐infrared (NIR) fluorophore. This compound class can be readily accessed upon exposure of the corresponding rhodamines to aqueous basic conditions. The electron‐withdrawing effect of the P=O group facilitates the hydrolytic deamination, and, moreover, prolonged exposure to aqueous basic conditions generates P=O‐bridged fluoresceins, that is, a series of three P=O‐bridged xanthene dyes is available in one simple operation. The P=O‐bridged rhodols show significant bathochromic shifts of the longest‐wavelength absorption maximum (Δλ=125 nm; >3600 cm−1) upon changing the solvent from toluene to water, whereas the emission is shifted less drastically (Δλ=70 nm; 1600 cm−1). The hydrogen bonding between the P=O and C=O groups with protic solvents results in substantial stabilization of the LUMO level, which is responsible for the solvatochromism.
Optimization of throughput in semipreparative chiral liquid chromatography using stacked injection
Authors: Taheri Mohammadreza , Fotovati Mohsen , Hosseini Seyed‐Kiumars , Ghassempour Alireza 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn interesting mode of chromatography for preparation of pure enantiomers from pure samples is the method of stacked injection as a pseudocontinuous procedure. Maximum throughput and minimal production costs can be achieved by the use of total chiral column length in this mode of chromatography.To maximize sample loading, often touching bands of the two enantiomers is automatically achieved. Conventional equations show direct correlation between touching‐band loadability and the selectivity factor of two enantiomers. The important question for one who wants to obtain the highest throughput is “How to optimize different factors including selectivity, resolution, run time, and loading of the sample in order to save time without missing the touching‐band resolution?” To answer this question, tramadol and propranolol were separated on cellulose 3,5‐dimethyl phenyl carbamate, as two pure racemic mixtures with low and high solubilities in mobile phase, respectively. The mobile phase composition consisted of n‐hexane solvent with alcohol modifier and diethylamine as the additive. A response surface methodology based on central composite design was used to optimize separation factors against the main responses. According to the stacked injection properties, two processes were investigated for maximizing throughput: one with a poorly soluble and another with a highly soluble racemic mixture. For each case, different optimization possibilities were inspected. It was revealed that resolution is a crucial response for separations of this kind. Peak area and run time are two critical parameters in optimization of stacked injection for binary mixtures which have low solubility in the mobile phase.
Psychiatric conditions as predictors of rehospitalization among African American patients hospitalized with heart failure
Authors: Lu Marvin Louis Roy , De Venecia Toni Anne , Goyal Abhinav , Rodriguez Ziccardi Mary , Kanjanahattakij Napatt , Shah Mahek Kishor , Davila Carlos D. , Figueredo Vincent M. 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionAfrican Americans (AAs) have the highest risk of developing heart failure (HF) among all ethnicities in the United States and are associated with higher rates of readmissions and mortality. This study aims to determine the prevalence and relationship of common psychiatric conditions to outcomes of patients hospitalized with HF.HypothesisPsychiatric conditions lead to worse outcomes in HF patients.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective study enrolled 611 AA patients admitted to an urban teaching community hospital for HF from 2010 to 2013. Patient demographics, clinical variables, and history of psychiatric disorders were obtained. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess impact of psychiatric disorders on readmission rates and mortality.ResultsThe mean age was 66 ± 15 years; 53% were men. Median follow‐up time from index admission for HF was 3.2 years. Ninety‐seven patients had a psychiatric condition: 46 had depression, 11 had bipolar mood disorder (BMD), and 40 had schizophrenia. After adjustment of known risk factors and clinical metrics, our study showed that AA HF patients with a psychiatric illness were 3.84× more likely to be admitted within 30 days for HF, compared with those without (P < 0.001). Individually, adjusted Cox multivariable logistic regression analysis also showed that, for 30‐day readmission, schizophrenia had a hazard ratio (HR) of 4.92 (P < 0.001); BMD, an HR of 3.44 (P = 0.02); and depression, an HR 3.15 (P = 0.001). No associations were found with mortality.ConclusionsPsychiatric conditions of schizophrenia, BMD, and depression were significantly associated with a higher 30‐day and overall readmission rate for HF among AA patients.
Characterization of Small‐Molecule Scaffolds That Bind to the Shigella Type III Secretion System Protein IpaD
Authors: Dey Supratim , Anbanandam Asokan , Mumford Ben E. , De Guzman Roberto N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMany pathogens such as Shigella and other bacteria assemble the type III secretion system (T3SS) nanoinjector to inject virulence proteins into their target cells to cause infectious diseases in humans. The rise of drug resistance among pathogens that rely on the T3SS for infectivity, plus the dearth of new antibiotics require alternative strategies in developing new antibiotics. The Shigella T3SS tip protein IpaD is an attractive target for developing anti‐infectives because of its essential role in virulence and its exposure on the bacterial surface. Currently, the only known small molecules that bind to IpaD are bile salt sterols. In this study we identified four new small‐molecule scaffolds that bind to IpaD, based on the methylquinoline, pyrrolidine‐aniline, hydroxyindole, and morpholinoaniline scaffolds. NMR mapping revealed potential hotspots in IpaD for binding small molecules. These scaffolds can be used as building blocks in developing small‐molecule inhibitors of IpaD that could lead to new anti‐infectives.
C‐MYC–positive relapsed and refractory, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: Impact of additional “hits” and outcomes with subsequent therapy
Authors: Epperla Narendranath , Maddocks Kami J. , Salhab Mohammed , Chavez Julio C. , Reddy Nishitha , Karmali Reem , Umyarova Elvira , Bachanova Veronika , Costa Cristiana , Glenn Martha , Calzada Oscar , Xavier Ana C. , Zhou Zheng , Hossain Nasheed M. , Hernandez‐Ilizaliturri Francisco J. , Al‐Mansour Zeina , Barta Stefan K. , Chhabra Saurabh , Lansigan Frederick , Mehta Amitkumar , Jaglal Michael V. , Evans Andrew , Flowers Christopher R. , Cohen Jonathon B. , Fenske Timothy S. , Hamadani Mehdi , Costa Luciano J. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDThe impact of MYC proto‐oncogene, basic helix‐loop‐helix (MYC) translocations (with or without additional rearrangements involving the B‐cell lymphoma 2 [BCL2] or BCL6 genes) on the response to salvage therapy and survival in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who experience primary treatment failure is not well defined.METHODSThis was a multicenter, retrospective study of the impact of MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 rearrangements in patients with DLBCL who failed to achieve complete remission or relapsed within 6 months after they completed upfront chemoimmunotherapy.RESULTSThe authors examined response to salvage therapy, receipt of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), and survival outcomes in MYC‐negative (n = 120), MYC‐positive single hit (SH) (n = 20), and MYC‐positive double hit/triple hit (DH/TH) (n = 35) cohorts. The overall response rate in these cohorts to first salvage therapy (51%, 50%, and 54%, respectively) and receipt of HCT (52%, 40%, and 43%, respectively) were comparable between the 3 cohorts. The 2‐year overall survival rate was 29.9% in the MYC‐negative cohort, 0% in the MYC‐positive SH cohort, and 9.9% in the MYC‐positive DH/TH cohort (P < .001), and no difference was observed between the SH and DH/TH cohorts (P = .8). The higher risk of death for patients with MYC‐positive SH DLBCL (hazard ratio, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.98‐2.96; P = .06) and those with MYC‐positive DH/TH DLBCL (hazard ratio, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.41‐3.50; P = .001) persisted after adjusting for covariates. For patients who underwent autologous HCT, the 2‐year overall survival rate was 55.4% in the MYC‐negative cohort, 0% in the MYC‐positive SH cohort, and 19.4% in the MYC‐positive DH/TH cohort (P < .001). All 4 MYC‐positive patients who underwent allogeneic HCT relapsed in <4 months.CONCLUSIONSPatients with MYC‐positive DLBCL who experience primary treatment failure have response rates to similar to those achieved by salvage therapy compared with their MYC‐negative counterparts, but their survival is dismal irrespective of additional “hits” and HCT, representing an unmet medical need. Cancer 2017;123:4411‐8. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
The lack of a relationship between physician payments from drug manufacturers and Medicare claims for abiraterone and enzalutamide
Authors: Bandari Jathin , Ayyash Omar M. , Turner Robert M. , Jacobs Bruce L. , Davies Benjamin J. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDInteractions between industry and prescribers have raised concerns regarding conflicts of interest. To the best of the authors' knowledge, quantitative data measuring these interactions have been limited until recently. In the current study, the authors sought to determine whether an association exists between industry payments and prescriber behavior with regard to abiraterone and enzalutamide.METHODSTwo Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services databases were combined to analyze oncologists and urologists who received industry payments and/or prescribed abiraterone and enzalutamide. Correlation analysis was constructed on prescription count and industry payments. Multivariable median regression examined predictors of change in prescription count per dollar of industry payment. Stratifying prescribers by quantile evaluated threshold effects on prescribers.RESULTSThe number of prescriptions was similar between prescribers who did and those who did not receive industry payment for both drugs. The median industry payment amount to prescribers differed between prescribers and nonprescribers for abiraterone ($72 vs $56) and enzalutamide ($59 vs $31). Although no statistical association was found to exist between industry payment amount and prescription count for abiraterone prescribers, an association was found to exist for enzalutamide prescribers (rho = 0.31). A small change was found with regard to prescription count per dollar of industry payment for abiraterone (0.0007 prescriptions) and enzalutamide (0.0006 prescriptions). The amount of industry payment needed to predict one additional prescription was found to be lower in the fourth and fifth quantiles compared with the first through third quantiles.CONCLUSIONSNo difference in prescription count was found to exist between prescribers who received industry payments and those who did not. A positive correlation was noted between industry payments and prescription count for enzalutamide. Ease of adoption may affect differences between the 2 drugs. Cancer 2017;123:4356‐62. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Two Phase 1, Open‐Label, Mass Balance Studies to Determine the Pharmacokinetics of 14C‐Labeled Isavuconazonium Sulfate in Healthy Male Volunteers
Authors: Townsend Robert , Kato Kota , Hale Christine , Kowalski Donna , Lademacher Christopher , Yamazaki Takao , Akhtar Shahzad , Desai Amit 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIsavuconazonium sulfate is the water‐soluble prodrug of the active triazole isavuconazole. Two phase 1 studies were conducted to identify the metabolic profile and mass balance of isavuconazole and BAL8728 (inactive cleavage product). Seven subjects in study 1 (isavuconazole mass balance) received a single oral dose of [cyano‐14C]isavuconazonium sulfate corresponding to 200 mg isavuconazole. Six subjects in study 2 (BAL8728 mass balance) received a single intravenous dose of [pyridinylmethyl‐14C]isavuconazonium sulfate corresponding to 75 mg BAL8728. Pharmacokinetic parameters of radioactivity in whole blood and plasma and of isavuconazole and BAL8728 in plasma were assessed. Radioactivity ratio of blood/plasma, percentage of dose, and cumulative percentage of radioactive dose recovered in urine and feces for isavuconazole and BAL8728 were assessed. Metabolic profiling was carried out by high‐performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mean plasma isavuconazole pharmacokinetic parameters included apparent clearance (2.3 ± 0.7 L/h), apparent volume of distribution (301.8 ± 105.7 L), and terminal elimination half‐life (99.9 ± 44.6 hours). In study 1, isavuconazole‐derived radioactivity was recovered approximately equally in urine and feces (46.1% and 45.5%, respectively). In study 2, BAL8728‐derived radioactivity was predominantly recovered in urine (96.0%). Isavuconazole (study 1) and M4 (cleavage metabolite of BAL8728; study 2) were the predominant circulating components of radioactivity in plasma.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of psychological therapy in reducing general psychological distress for adults with autism spectrum conditions and comorbid mental health problems
Authors: Blainey Sarah H. , Rumball Freya , Mercer Louise , Evans Lauren Jayne , Beck Alison 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of psychological therapy in reducing psychological distress for adults with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and co‐morbid mental health conditions in routine clinical practice. To explore the effect of individual characteristics and service factors on change in general distress.MethodIn a specialist psychological therapies service for adults with ASC, the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation‐Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM) self‐report questionnaire of psychological distress is completed by clients at start and end of therapy. Change over time and reliable and clinical change was assessed for 81 of a total of 122 clients (66.4%). Factors which may influence change over time were explored using available clinical information.ResultsOverall, there was a significant reduction in CORE‐OM score during therapy with a small effect size. Most clients showed an improvement in psychological distress over therapy (75.4% improved, with 36.9% of these showing reliable changes). Significant and comparable reductions from pre‐therapy to post‐therapy were seen across the sample, showing that individual differences did not mediate therapy effectiveness. CORE‐OM scores mediate the association between age of ASD diagnosis and hours of therapeutic input required, with greater age at diagnosis and higher distress associated with longer therapy duration.ConclusionsOur preliminary findings suggest that psychological therapy may be effective in reducing general distress for clients with ASC and co‐morbid mental health conditions and should be routinely offered. Individuals who are diagnosed with ASD in adulthood are likely to require a longer course of therapy when their general distress scores are high.
Control and synchronization of the generalized Lorenz system with mismatched uncertainties using backstepping technique and time‐delay estimation
Authors: Kim Dongwon , Jin Maolin , Chang Pyung Hun 
Published: July 2017

SummaryWe propose a robust control technique for regulation and synchronization of the generalized Lorenz system (GLS) that covers the Lorenz system, Chen system and Lü system. The proposed control provides synergy through the combination of the backstepping control and time‐delay estimation (TDE) technique. TDE is used to estimate and cancel nonlinearities and uncertainties while the backstepping method is adopted to provide robustness against matched and mismatched uncertainties. As a result, we observe in numerical simulation that the proposed technique shows better performances in regulating and synchronizing the GLS with mismatched uncertainties, in comparison with existing schemes. The efficacy of the proposed technique is also validated with a circuit‐implemented chaotic system. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Winter bait stations as a multispecies survey tool
Authors: Robinson Lacy , Cushman Samuel A. , Lucid Michael K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWinter bait stations are becoming a commonly used technique for multispecies inventory and monitoring but a technical evaluation of their effectiveness is lacking. Bait stations have three components: carcass attractant, remote camera, and hair snare. Our 22,975 km2 mountainous study area was stratified with a 5 × 5 km sampling grid centered on northern Idaho and including portions of Washington, Montana, and British Columbia. From 2010–14, we conducted 563 sampling sessions at 497 bait stations in 453 5 × 5 km cells. We evaluated the effectiveness of cameras and hair snare DNA collection at stations to detect species and individual animals, factors affecting DNA viability, the effectiveness of re‐visiting stations, and the influence of elevation, seasonality, and latency on species detections. Cameras were more effective at detecting multiple species than DNA hair snaring. Length of deployment time and elevation increased genetic species ID success but individual ID success rates were increased only by collecting hairs earlier in the season. Re‐visiting stations did not change camera or genetic species detection results but did increase the number of individual genotypes identified. Marten and fisher were detected quickly while bobcat and coyote showed longer latency to detection. Seasonality significantly affected coyote and bobcat detections but not marten, fisher, or weasel. Multispecies bait station study design should incorporate mixed elevation sites with stratified seasonality. Priority should be given to including cameras as components of bait stations over hair snares, unless there is a specific genetic goal to the study. A hair snare component should be added, however, if individual ID or genetic data are necessary. Winter stations should be deployed a minimum of 45–60 days to allow for detection of low density species and species with long latency to detection times. Hair samples should be collected prior to DNA‐degrading late season rain events. Re‐visiting stations does not change which species are detected at stations; therefore, studies with objectives to delineate species presence or distribution will be more effective if they focus on deploying more stations across a broader landscape in lieu of surveying the same site multiple times.
Different facets of tree sapling diversity influence browsing intensity by deer dependent on spatial scale
Authors: Ohse Bettina , Seele Carolin , Holzwarth Frédéric , Wirth Christian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBrowsing of tree saplings by deer hampers forest regeneration in mixed forests across Europe and North America. It is well known that tree species are differentially affected by deer browsing, but little is known about how different facets of diversity, such as species richness, identity, and composition, affect browsing intensity at different spatial scales. Using forest inventory data from the Hainich National Park, a mixed deciduous forest in central Germany, we applied a hierarchical approach to model the browsing probability of patches (regional scale) as well as the species‐specific proportion of saplings browsed within patches (patch scale). We found that, at the regional scale, the probability that a patch was browsed increased with certain species composition, namely with low abundance of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and high abundance of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), whereas at the patch scale, the proportion of saplings browsed per species was mainly determined by the species’ identity, providing a “preference ranking” of the 11 tree species under study. Interestingly, at the regional scale, species‐rich patches were more likely to be browsed; however, at the patch scale, species‐rich patches showed a lower proportion of saplings per species browsed. Presumably, diverse patches attract deer, but satisfy nutritional needs faster, such that fewer saplings need to be browsed. Some forest stand parameters, such as more open canopies, increased the browsing intensity at either scale. By showing the effects that various facets of diversity, as well as environmental parameters, exerted on browsing intensity at the regional as well as patch scale, our study advances the understanding of mammalian herbivore–plant interactions across scales. Our results also indicate which regeneration patches and species are (least) prone to browsing and show the importance of different facets of diversity for the prediction and management of browsing intensity and regeneration dynamics.
Herbivores alter plant–wind interactions by acting as a point mass on leaves and by removing leaf tissue
Authors: Kothari Adit R. , Burnett Nicholas P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn nature, plants regularly interact with herbivores and with wind. Herbivores can wound and alter the structure of plants, whereas wind can exert aerodynamic forces that cause the plants to flutter or sway. While herbivory has many negative consequences for plants, fluttering in wind can be beneficial for plants by facilitating gas exchange and loss of excess heat. Little is known about how herbivores affect plant motion in wind. We tested how the mass of an herbivore resting on a broad leaf of the tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera, and the damage caused by herbivores, affected the motion of the leaf in wind. For this, we placed mimics of herbivores on the leaves, varying each herbivore's mass or position, and used high‐speed video to measure how the herbivore mimics affected leaf movement and reconfiguration at two wind speeds inside a laboratory wind tunnel. In a similar setup, we tested how naturally occurring herbivore damage on the leaves affected leaf movement and reconfiguration. We found that the mass of an herbivore resting on a leaf can change that leaf's orientation relative to the wind and interfere with the ability of the leaf to reconfigure into a smaller, more streamlined shape. A large herbivore load slowed the leaf's fluttering frequency, while naturally occurring damage from herbivores increased the leaf's fluttering frequency. We conclude that herbivores can alter the physical interactions between wind and plants by two methods: (1) acting as a point mass on the plant while it is feeding and (2) removing tissue from the plant. Altering a plant's interaction with wind can have physical and physiological consequences for the plant. Thus, future studies of plants in nature should consider the effect of herbivory on plant–wind interactions, and vice versa.