bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of dairy manure‐based fertilizers on nitrous oxide emissions in a semi‐arid climate
Authors: Baxter Abigail E. , Leytem April B. , Liptzin Dan , Bierer Andrew , Afshar Reza K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractManure treatment technologies are of interest to dairy operations to improve nutrient management, although there are little data related to nutrient availability and environmental impacts of these manure‐based fertilizer products. This field trial experiment investigated the impact of two manure‐based fertilizer sources (phosphorus enriched solids [PE] and mechanical vapor recompression solids [VR]) on soil nutrients, crop yields, and N2O emissions in a forage rotation. The study was a factorial random complete block design, with two main factors: manure history (with [M]; without [NM]) and manure‐based fertilizer product (control [Con], PE, VR), under a continuous corn and triticale rotation. M had greater soil organic carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen, and M3‐P (30%–128%) and reduced NH4‐N (15%) than NM, with no other treatment differences. Corn silage yields were greater in NM versus M (7%) treatments only in 2021, while in 2022 VRNM was 17% greater than ConNM only. Triticale yields were 14% greater in M plots versus NM treatments only in 2021. In 2022, triticale yields were 1.7 times lower in ConNM versus all other treatments, and PENM was 71% greater than ConM. The greatest N2O fluxes occurred in May, June, and July with M having 69% greater average cumulative fluxes than NM, while average VR cumulative fluxes were 102% greater than PE and Con. Over both years, net loss of Napplied as N2O‐N was 1.9%–2.2% for VR and 0.4%–0.8% for PE solids. While manure‐based fertilizers performed well as a nutrient source, their susceptibility to N2O loss needs to be considered in management strategies.
Fate of As(V) and Cr(VI) adsorbed on goethite in a mangrove‐microcosm experiment
Authors: Barreto Matheus Sampaio C. , Ruiz Francisco , Hurtarte Luis C. Colocho , Ferreira Tiago Osorio , Sparks Donald L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMangroves provide fundamental ecosystem services; however, the growing impact of human activities has resulted in increased pollution pressure, such as chemical contaminants. The redox processes are major biogeochemical players in the fate of contaminants. We investigate the effects of the redox environment on As(V) and Cr(VI) adsorbed on goethite (i.e., Fe(III)‐oxide) over 40 days of incubation in columns containing mangrove soil subjected to seawater saturation cycles. Our spectroscopic data highlighted a less Fe(III)‐ordered arrangement on goethite over time; As(V) is strongly bound to goethite, which delayed until 20 days its remobilization and reduction to As(III). After 40 days, the goethite held ∼50% of the initial As, but it was 15% as As(III). On the other hand, Cr(VI) was desorbed almost completely in less than 10 days, and the residual Cr ions bound to goethite were almost totally converted to Cr(III). Our study stresses the importance of individual time‐dependence in evaluating chemical speciation changes among potential toxic elements in wetland systems, such as mangroves and artificial wetlands designed to water treatment or soil remediation.
The impact of an urban tourism boom on farmers' income in neighboring rural communities: Evidence from the Lijiang Ancient City, China
Authors: Yu Yuanhe , Li Junwei , Li Zijun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is of great significance to explore the impact of tourism development on the neighboring economy. The Lijiang Ancient City (LAC) is a World Cultural Heritage Site and one of the important tourist destinations in China. However, the impact of an urban tourism boom on farmers' income in neighboring rural communities is not clear. Drawing on a comprehensive dataset of 672 field surveys conducted between 2009 and 2016 in the Lashihai watershed of Yunnan Province, China, we produce compelling evidence indicating that the tourism boom in the LAC has had a positive impact on farmers' income in neighboring rural communities. Our findings reveal that increasing per capita income in nearby communities by about 6.99% to 8.55% for every 10% increase in tourism activity; however, this impact diminishes as the distance to the LAC increases. Furthermore, the tourism boom has facilitated a harmonious and mutually beneficial coexistence between agriculture and tourism in neighboring communities, leading to the enhancement of farmers' livelihood strategies and expanded employment opportunities. Additionally, notable disparities in the economic impacts of the LAC tourism boom. Both non‐poor farmers and those with higher social capital have experienced a positive increase in income. The effect on income is more pronounced for farmers residing in closer proximity to Lashihai lake, compared with those residing farther away. This study provides an empirical basis for promoting synergistic urban–rural development and rural revitalization.
Posttraumatic growth modulates the response to negative emotions related to COVID‐19: An event‐related potentials study
Authors: Ng Siuman , Xie Weiyi , Gao Junling , Wang Man , Leung Hank , Li Huiyun , Sik Hun Hung , Lau Bobo Hi Po , Chan Cecilia L. W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is increasing interest in identifying how posttraumatic growth (PTG) impacts emotional processing following traumatic events (e.g., the COVID‐19 pandemic). Previous research suggests that high PTG levels may lead to enduring changes in positive emotional processing. Despite this fact, little is known regarding brain activation and responses to stressful emotional stimuli. The present study utilised event‐related potentials (ERPs) to investigate whether individual differences in emotional responses toward neutral and negative emotional stimuli related to COVID‐19 are related to self‐reported PTG levels. A total of 77 participants were analysed: 21 in the high PTG group and 56 in the control group. The amplitude of the N2 was smaller in the high PTG group compared to the control group under both negative and neutral conditions. When viewing the negative emotion pictures (vs. neutral pictures), the N2 amplitude significantly decreased for the high PTG group in the right occipital and frontal‐parietal areas, whereas no significant change was observed among the control group. In the time window Late Positive Potential (LPP) 600–1000 ms, emotional stimuli and the group interaction were significant. Viewing negative pictures (vs. neutral pictures) decreased the LPP 600–1000 ms amplitudes for the control group, mainly originating from the brain's frontal regions. However, there were no such significant differences for the PTG group. Due to the limited sample size and cultural differences, the applicability of these results to other regions or countries needs to be verified. The presented findings suggest that the impact of PTG during emotional response is reflected in both bottom‐up (evidenced by the early ERP components) and top‐down (evidenced by the later ERP components) processes. Individuals with high PTG may use a meditation‐related emotional regulation strategy of acceptance at the basic stage and non‐judgement at a later stage.
Ultra‐Durable Polysilicon Based Tribovoltaic Nanogenerators for Bearing In Situ Rotational Speed Sensing
Authors: Gong Likun , Zhang Zhi , Yu Wenbo , Zeng Jianhua , Cao Jie , Fan Beibei , Zhao Junqing , Zhang Chi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTribovoltaic nanogenerator (TVNG) is an emerging energy device with the advantages of direct current and high power density. At present, many TVNGs are based on single‐crystal materials, which are expensive and fragile during structural processing. Here, a polysilicon‐based TVNG for bearing in situ rotational speed sensing is developed, which has the same level of performance and lower cost compared to monocrystalline silicon. The defects in polysilicon can provide additional carriers, but the grain boundaries can suppress the transport process of carriers, resulting in almost the same electrical output as single crystals. The oiled sliding mode TVNG has an impressive durability of up to 1 million cycles. The friction coefficient of rolling mode TVNG is as low as 0.14. Based on rolling mode polysilicon TVNG, the tapered roller bearing, thrust ball bearing, and deep groove ball bearing are manufactured by cutting and engraving processes. Moreover, their short‐circuit current and open‐circuit voltage are linear with speed, and the fitting coefficient is as high as 0.99, providing favorable conditions for in situ rotational speed sensing. This work presents a structure‐function integrated bearing design methodology, demonstrating the considerable potential of in situ sensing for intelligent components in the industrial Internet of Things.
A Multifunctional Coating with Active Corrosion Protection Through a Synergistic pH‐ and Thermal‐Responsive Mechanism
Authors: Ma Qi‐Xuan , Xu Li , Fan Yong , Wang Li , Xu Jia‐Ning , Zhao Jie , Chen Xiao‐Bo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article aims to develop CeO2 nanocontainer‐constructed coating with a synergistic self‐healing and protective nature through a simple mechanical blending technique to manage metal corrosion. The proposed coating exhibits excellent corrosion resistance, which is primarily attributed to the combination of thermal‐driven healing and active corrosion inhibition. Paraffin wax and 2‐polybenzothiazole‐loaded CeO2 nanotubes (CeO2‐MBT) are directly doped into epoxy coating to perform such a multifunctional role. CeO2 nanocontainers and encapsulated corrosion inhibitor MBT can be released by pH triggers to achieve instant corrosion inhibition upon the surface of metal substrate. In addition, any physical defects in the coating are responsively repaired by heating incorporated paraffin wax to regain structural integrity and consequent barrier function. Corrosion protection efficiency remains sufficient even after ten cycles of damage and healing. Such a multiple‐functional coating strategy provides an alternative pathway toward efficient and sustainable performance to tackle corrosion‐related challenges of metal components in both short‐term and long‐term services.
Tensile strength and flexural behavior of steel fiber‐reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Lolla Srilakshmi , Oinam Romanbabu M. , Furtado A. , Varum H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis manuscript presents a comprehensive investigation into the tensile strength and flexural behavior of steel fiber‐reinforced concrete (SFRC), utilizing a robust dataset comprising 457 meticulously selected data points, including 54 instances of self‐tested experimental data. The study establishes an empirical relationship governing the tensile strength of steel fiber concrete (SFC) based on the fiber reinforcement index (FRI) and the grade of concrete. The experimental study has extended its scope by testing an additional 27 full‐scale SFRC beams (rectangular cross‐sectioned) under monotonic loading to quantify the impact of tensile strength on the overall structural performance. The beam specimens feature continuous longitudinal and transverse reinforcement throughout their span, with steel fibers strategically positioned below the neutral axis. The steel fiber content was systematically varied from 0% to 2% in intervals of 0.25%. This work introduces modifications to the design of SFRC flexural members, emphasizing the consideration of tensile contribution below the neutral axis. The study integrates both experimental and analytical methodologies, providing diverse insights into the flexural behavior of SFRC beams. The proposed design methodology considers the tensile strength contribution from SFC, effectively predicting flexural capacity, particularly in scenarios involving higher volume fractions. Its applicability extends to structural design, offering insights into evaluating structural capacity for both newly designed and existing structures.
Corporations and climate change: An overview
Authors: Wright Christopher , Nyberg Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCorporations are primary emitters of greenhouse gases yet are also portrayed as key agents in responding to climate change. This overview article explains corporate responses to the climate crisis at three levels of analysis: (i) political (shaping the climate debate and influencing climate policy); (ii) organizational (enacting strategies and practices to address climate change); and (iii) individual (managers and employees caring about and acting on climate change in their personal and professional lives). Our synthesis of the burgeoning literature on corporations and climate change in the fields of management and organization studies, human geography, and political economy highlights how and why particular corporate responses have been enacted, encompassing managerial as well as more critical and radical understandings of business activities.This article is categorized under:
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives
Climate Economics > Economics and Climate Change
The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Decarbonizing Energy and/or Reducing Demand
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
The Role of Paradata in Algorithmic Accountability
Authors: Trace Ciaran B. , Hodges James A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines how the doings of the algorithm (instantiated through its operations, actions, and steps) and its accompanying algorithmic system are revealed and explored through an engagement with the paradata created as a part of this data-making effort. In doing so, the chapter explores how the concept of paradata helps us understand how information professionals and domain stakeholders conceptualize accountable algorithmic entities and how this influences how they emerge as documented and describable entities. Two complementary frameworks for capturing and preserving paradata for accountability purposes are examined in the process. The first is associated with diplomatic theory and archival notions of context and focuses on the role of paradata for algorithmic transparency. The second is related to knowledge management and to efforts in the AI community to use paradata to create unified reporting models that enhance the explainability of algorithms and algorithmic systems. The chapter concludes by demarcating examples and different use cases for paradata for accountability purposes and the mechanisms by which these agents of transparency and explainability can connect with interested and vested audiences.
Paradata in Surveys
Authors: Schenk Patrick Oliver , Reuß Simone 
Published: September 2024

AbstractParadata are widely used in conjunction with surveys, from predicting behavior for targeted interventions, monitoring data quality and interviewer performance, to understanding and correcting biases in the data. We define survey paradata broadly: as nonsubstantive data that relate to the survey and its processes in at least one of three ways—they are produced by survey processes, describe them, or are used to manage and evaluate them. They typically would not exist without the survey. They may be automatically produced (e.g., keystrokes), actively collected (e.g., interviewer observations), or constructed later on (e.g., when a human labeler rates respondent–interviewer rapport by listening to recordings).First, we review other data types (auxiliary, contextual, and metadata) because their overlaps with paradata can make it difficult to grasp paradata precisely. We discuss paradata definitions, including their weaknesses, arriving at our definition.Second, we offer an overview of our field’s practice and literature: paradata examples, heterogeneity across paradata types and design options, applications, and challenges.With paradata a somewhat mature concept in our field, survey methodology, we hope to provide a stimulating, broad introduction to practice and literature in our field, accessible to anyone irrespective of professional background. We hope that this chapter provides a valuable backdrop for the conceptualizations of paradata in other disciplines, as presented in this volume.
Rwanda
Authors: Munu Martin Luther , Vlaminck Zjos 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRwanda’s Covid-19 response was centrally coordinated, implemented through decentralized government authorities and local CSOs, guided by development partners and enforced through punitive measures. While this structure enabled efficient service delivery, equity considerations had been of lesser concern. The country’s response centered on social protection extension and economic recovery. However, it glossed over the everyday realities of the extremely poor and vulnerable. The measures put in place to curb the spread of the virus were disproportionate to the measures designed to solve its socio-economic fallouts. Democratizing pandemic responses and proper targeting of the most vulnerable to enhance greater engagement between state and citizens is therefore recommended.
Conclusion
Authors: Tsikata Dzodzi , Torvikey Gertrude Dzifa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe conclusion of the book summarizes the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and the early containment and support measures by governments to respond to its projected impacts on the fortunes of African economies, societies, and democratic politics. The chapter highlights among other things the ramifications of the pandemic in the livelihoods of working people, women, and the poor more generally. These are discussed through a reflection on the pre-existing structural conditions and inequalities that exacerbated the measures that governments used to contain the pandemic. In addition, inequity in the distribution of mitigative resources exacerbated poverty, and inequalities. Overall, the pandemic responses in the twelve African countries leaves lessons for policy sovereignty, building and strengthening robust democratic and social policy institutions and enhancing public infrastructure building that is accessible to all citizens.
Benin
Authors: Wantchekon Leonard , Koumassa Leonie , Ogoutchoro Thierry , Ngongang Yannick 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe chapter examined the ramifications of Covid-19 and its policy responses on different sectors of the Beninese economy and its diverse social groups. The research employed ordinal logistic regression to measure the effect of Covid-19 and its consequences to ascertain how the pandemic has affected the incomes, level of activity, and employment of different groups. The chapter also examined some control and mitigation measures introduced by the Beninese government and its technical and financial partners. This research targeted 1200 individuals and 327 enterprises in four departments in the country. The findings show that intervention programmes tailored for various groups were inadequate and only a few benefitted. Although there were universally applied support measures such as water and electricity subsidies, these were not the most desired by some social groups. The desirability of measures could have been better were the decision-making processes inclusive and the measures equitably applied.
Introduction
Authors: Edler Jakob , Walz Rainer 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt has become a commonplace that in order to tackle the enormous societal challenges we face throughout the globe we have to support transformation; and in order to do so, we have to mobilise innovation. As innovation and transformation are strongly intertwined, it is thus imperative essential to analyse and support their interplay.This volume reflects on nine selected research fields in the area of systems and innovation research that have developed in the last five decades to do exactly that. It defines and delineates systems and innovation research as encompassing the scientific study of the conditions, dynamics and impacts associated with the generation and uptake of innovations and the development and transformation of functional systems satisfying essential needs such as the provision of energy or water. This allows to draw general lessons as to what drives research fields throughout their development and how their role—in particular vis-à-vis policy—changes over time. It also allows to speculate about future challenges and trends in the area of systems and innovation research. This is important because, if anything, the need to govern transformation through innovation will further grow in the future and with it the need to understand the underlying dynamics.
Drivers and Patterns of Change in Systems and Innovation Research
Authors: Edler Jakob , Walz Rainer 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter draws overall conclusions across all the contributions to this volume. Its first aim is to characterise each of the nine analysed systems and innovation research fields (SIR fields) in terms of their patterns and dynamics of change. How and why have the respective research questions and approaches evolved, and how has the role of each field vis-à-vis policy changed? The second aim is to draw overall conclusions concerning the dynamics of change across the fields. To achieve these two aims, the chapter first develops a change model of system and innovation research that is then applied to all fields. This model defines four drivers of change in the fields, i.e. policy processes, contextual developments, theoretical developments and developments in data and methods. It also takes into consideration the relationship of the SIR fields to traditional academic fields that were established prior to the evolution of our fields. Although we find some dynamics specific to each field, we also identify commonalities and similar patterns across the fields, mirroring the overarching zeitgeist changes of the last 50 years. The chapter closes with a few speculations and normative claims regarding the future development of our nine fields.
Understanding Paradigm Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy: Between Science Push and Policy Pull
Authors: Lindner Ralf , Edler Jakob , Daimer Stephanie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractScience, technology, and innovation (STI) policy experienced far-reaching changes with regard to both political aims and the underlying rationales. Drawing on the concept of policy paradigms, we analyse the factors that shaped the dynamics of STI policy since the first post-war decades in the OECD world. Next to changes in the context conditions, the chapter focuses primarily on endogenous phenomena related to changes of the conceptual understanding of knowledge generation and innovation, of the main STI policy objectives, and of preferred policy solutions. Of particular interest is the role of scientific expertise in these processes of policy change. The first of the three STI policy paradigms identified is characterised by its emphasis on addressing market failures in processes of knowledge generation. The second paradigm shares key objectives of the first, but is based on the systems of innovation heuristic, aiming to improve system performance. The third paradigm supplements the primarily economic rationales of the previous paradigms with the objective of addressing societal challenges. In view of the conclusion that scientific contributions and policy advice were less influential in the second paradigm shift than during the first, we develop suggestions for a future-oriented research agenda for STI policy research.