bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Complexation and Host‐Guest Interaction between Redox‐Active Ligands and Metal Cations by Chemiluminescence
Authors: Motoyoshiya Jiro , Wada Jun‐ya , Mukawa Kentaro , Maekawa Yuto , Kaneta Ayato , Fujimoto Tetsuya 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn the presence of some redox‐active ligands, such as p‐phenylenediamine derivatives and lariat types of azacrown ethers all bearing dipicolylamino groups, the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO‐CL) was effectively quenched by the electronic interaction between the high‐energy intermediates and the ligands due to control of the CIEEL process. The addition of certain metal cations suitable for complexation with the ligands controls the electron donating abilities of the ligands leading to CL operation by permitting the CIEEL process. The combination of the metal cations and the ligands that turns the CIEEL on or off almost agreed with the known complexations and host‐guest interactions between them in spite of some exceptions due to different conditions. Based on these results the present chemiluminescence system will be useful for qualitative detection of such the coordination interactions.
Effect of Ru Precursors and Reduction Conditions on Catalyst Performance in Glycerol Hydrogenolysis
Authors: Mane Rasika B. , Patil Shivanand T. , Gurav Hanmant , Rayalu Sadhana S. , Rode Chandrashekhar V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCatalyst precursors, their reduction protocols and reaction conditions integrally influenced the activity and selectivity pattern in glycerol hydrogenolysis. Ru prepared from chloride precursor (Ru(Cl)/C−B) showed the maximum selectivity to C−C cleavage products EG (56 %) and methanol (17 %) with 23 % selectivity to 1,2‐PDO. While, that prepared from nitrosyl precursor (Ru(n)/C−B) showed higher selectivity to 1,2‐PDO (44 %) and lower to EG (42 %). The catalysts prepared either with chloride or nitrosyl precursors but reduced by H2 showed lower glycerol conversion (10‐11 %) than NaBH4 reduced catalysts. For these catalysts, 1,2‐PDO selectivity increased to 40–43 % along with the major formation of 2‐propanol (48‐49 %) and very less selectivities to C−C cleavage products. The lower activity of the H2 reduced catalysts can be related to their lower acidity and the bigger Ru metal particle size (3‐5 nm). For Ru(Cl)/C−B catalyst, glycerol conversion increased from 28–97 % with a rise in temperature from 180 to 250 oC also favoring 1,2‐PDO selectivity; indicating that C−O bond cleavage was favoured in comparison to C−C scission, at higher temperature.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Domino Reactions of Allenoates with N‐Hydroxyphthalimides: Direct Method to 3 a‐Hydroxyisoxazolo[3,2‐a]isoindol‐8(3 aH)‐one Derivatives
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Zhu Yong , Wu Yichao , Lu Tao , Zhou Qingfa 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA novel and efficient method for the synthesis of 3a‐hydroxyisoxazolo[3,2‐a]isoindol‐8(3aH)‐one derivatives through N‐hydroxyphthalimides and allenoates has been described. These domino reactions were catalyzed by triphenylphosphine and exhibited good functional group tolerance and scalability without the use of metals.
Assessment of the short‐term toxicity of TiO2 nanofiber in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Gato Worlanyo E. , Hunter Daniel A. , Byrd Ian C. , Mays Christopher A. , Yau Wilson , Wu Ji 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSynthetic nanomaterials have many unique chemical and physical properties, mainly due to their high specific surface area and quantum confinement effect. Specifically, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterial has high stability, anticorrosive, and photocatalytic properties. However, there are concerns over adverse biological effects resulting from bioeffects. This study was to investigate adverse effects associated with acute ingestion of TiO2 nanofiber (TDNF). TDNF was fabricated via electrospinning method, followed by dissolution in water. Six‐ to seven‐week‐old male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a total of 0, 40, and 60 ppm of TDNF for 2 weeks via oral gavage. Serum total protein and weight gain during the course of this study displayed marginal concentration‐dependent alterations. These findings were followed by a global gene expression analysis to identify which transcripts might be responsive to TNDF toxicity. Differentially expressed mRNA levels were dose‐dependently higher in animals exposed to TNDF. The majority of the affected genes were biochemically involved in immune response and inflammation. We believe this is due to the fact that TNDF is unable to penetrate the cell and forms phagocytosis sites that trigger inflammatory and immune response. All results taken together, short‐term ingestion of TNDF produced marginal effects indicative of inflammation. Finally, the broad gene expression data were validated through quantification of immunoglobulin heavy chain alpha (Igha). Igha gene was upregulated in treated groups, showing similar expression patterns to the global gene expression data.
Physical activity initiated by employer induces improvements in a novel set of biomarkers of inflammation: an 8-week follow-up study
Authors: Lunde Lars-Kristian , Skare Øivind , Aass Hans C. D. , Mamen Asgeir , Einarsdóttir Elín , Ulvestad Bente , Skogstad Marit 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers before and after 8 weeks of unsupervised physical activity (PA) initiated by employer.

Methods
During autumn 2014, background data, blood samples and self-reported exercise level were collected from 76 men and 41 women in a Norwegian road maintenance company. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, adiponectin, p-selectin and CD40 ligand (CD40L) were analyzed. $${\dot V}{{\rm{O}}_{{\rm{2max}}}}$$

V
˙

O

2
max

was measured in a subgroup of 50 subjects.

Results
With reference point of exercise ≤1 time/week, we found that participants who exercised 2–3 times/week had higher $${\dot V}{{\rm{O}}_{{\rm{2max}}}}$$

V
˙

O

2
max

values (5.6 mL kg−1 min−1; 95% CI [1.3, 9.9]). MCP-1 was lower in those who exercised ≥ 4 times/week (−81.98 pg/ml [−142.9, −21.0]). IL-6 and p-selectin levels were lower in females who exercised ≥4 times/week (−1.04 pg/ml [−2.04, −0.03] and −13.75 ng/ml [−24.03, −3.48]). Leptin was lower in participants who exercised 2–3 times/week (−0.39 µg/ml ln [−0.68, −0.09]) and ≥4 times/week (−0.69 µg/ml ln [−1.10, −0.28]). During follow-up, $${\dot V}{{\rm{O}}_{{\rm{2max}}}}$$

V
˙

O

2
max

increased (2.9 mL kg−1 min−1 [1.5, 4.3]), while p-selectin and CD40L decreased (−2.33 ng/ml [−3.78, −0.87] and 718.14 ng/ml [−1368, −68]). MCP-1 levels decreased among men (−32.70 pg/ml [−51.21, −14.19]). A joint analysis of all biomarkers (inversed adiponectin) showed that those who exercised ≥4 times/week at baseline had lower total levels of biomarkers and that total biomarker levels decreased during follow-up.

Conclusions
Exercising several times a week was associated with less inflammation compared to exercising once a week or less. During the 8-week follow-up, total levels of biomarkers of inflammation improved.
Specific Ion Effects of Salt Solutions on Colloidal Properties of Octadecylamine Hydrochloride
Authors: Li Enze , Du Zhiping , Li Da , Cheng Fangqin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFlotation continues to be a major technique for the production of potash from low grade, complex systems containing a variety of ores and ions. The specific ion effects on the behavior of the flotation collector in the KCl flotation system becomes important to the interpretation of the flotation mechanism. In this work, specific ion effects on the turbidity, surface tension and aggregation behavior of the common collector in KCl flotation, octadecylamine hydrochloride (ODA), have been investigated. The results from turbidity and surface tension studies of ODA solutions show that both cations and anions can affect the colloidal properties of ODA. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the binding that energy barrier between ODA headgroups and anions is principally responsible for the specific anion effect of γCAC of ODA solutions. In addition, the ion effect on the ODA aggregation particle size was also studied by using transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and dynamic light scattering. The data reveal that the presence of salt ions can induce the formation of larger ODA colloidal particles, on which the cation effect is more significant. This work provides detailed information of specific ion effect on colloidal properties of ODA, which may promote a further understanding of the flotation mechanism and help to improve the flotation of KCl from brine sources.
Reduced Incision Surgical Fixation of Diaphyseal Forearm Fractures in Adults through a Minimally Invasive Volar Approach
Authors: Nathaniel Ng Li Wen , Louis Lim Zongwei Joel , Weixiang Xu Roland , Dennis Hey Hwee Weng 
Published: February 2017

Purpose The study aimed to describe and evaluate the minimally invasive volar approach to the forearm for open reduction and internal fixation of diaphyseal radius fractures. Methods This is a matched case-control study involving patients with diaphyseal forearm fractures operated by one orthopaedic surgeon over 2 years. Cases underwent a minimally invasive volar approach, whereas controls underwent a standard Henry's approach. In total, 17 cases and 17 controls were studied based on patient demographics, injury patterns, and surgical outcomes. Results The duration of surgery was significantly shorter for cases than for controls in combined radius and ulna fracture fixation (58.8 minutes vs. 84 minutes; p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in operative time for isolated radius fractures, hospitalisation duration, and time to return to work. No malalignment or complications were observed. Conclusion The minimally invasive volar approach to the forearm is as safe and efficacious as traditional approaches in the fixation of diaphyseal radius fractures.
A composite measure of cognitive and functional progression in Alzheimer's disease: Design of the Capturing Changes in Cognition study
Authors: Jutten Roos J. , Harrison John , de Jong Frank Jan , Aleman André , Ritchie Craig W. , Scheltens Philip , Sikkes Sietske A.M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionCognitive testing in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is essential for establishing diagnosis, monitoring progression, and evaluating treatments. Assessments should ideally be brief, reliable, valid, and reflect clinically meaningful changes. There is a lack of instruments that meet all these criteria. In the Capturing Changes in Cognition (Catch‐Cog) study, we seek to correct these deficiencies through the development and validation of a composite measure combining cognition and function: the cognitive‐functional composite (CFC). We expect that the CFC is able to detect clinically relevant changes over time in early dementia stages of AD.Methods/DesignWe will include patients (n = 350) with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia due to AD from memory clinics in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. We will include cognitively healthy volunteers (n = 30) as a control group. The CFC is based on the “cognitive composite” and the Amsterdam instrumental activities of daily living questionnaire. We will investigate test–retest reliability with baseline and 2‐ to 3‐week follow‐up assessments (n = 50 patients and n = 30 healthy controls). We will involve experts and participants to evaluate the initial feasibility and refine the CFC if needed. Subsequently, we will perform a longitudinal construct validation study in a prospective cohort (n = 300) with baseline, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐up assessments. The main outcome is cognitive and functional progression measured by the CFC. Reference measures for progression include traditional cognitive and functional tests, disease burden measures, and brain imaging methods. Using linear mixed modeling, we will investigate longitudinal changes on the CFC and relate these to the reference measures. Using linear regression analyses, we will evaluate the influence of possible confounders such as age, gender, and education on the CFC.DiscussionBy performing an independent longitudinal construct validation, the Catch‐Cog study of the novel CFC will contribute to the improvement of disease monitoring and treatment evaluation in early dementia stages of AD.
Radially symmetric solutions of a class of problems of the calculus of variations without convexity assumptions
Authors: Cellina Arrigo , Flores Fabián 
Published: February 2017

We show that the functional

\mathrm{I}(u) = \int _{\mathrm{B}}a(|x|)\:u\:(x)\:dx + \int _{\mathrm{B}}h(|x|,\mathrm{\Delta }u\:(x)−\mathrm{\lambda }u\:(x))\:dx

attains a minimum on the space

\mathrm{W}_{0}^{2,p}\left(\mathrm{B}\right)

.

Résumé
Nous montrons que le fonctionnel

\mathrm{I}(u) = \int _{\mathrm{B}}a(|x|)\:u\:(x)\:dx + \int _{\mathrm{B}}h\:(|x|,\mathrm{\Delta }u\:(x)−\mathrm{\lambda }u\:(x))\:dx

atteint le minimum sur l’espace

\mathrm{W}_{0}^{2,p}\left(\mathrm{B}\right)

.
Phenotypic Variability of Dystrophinopathy Symptomatic Female Carriers
Authors: Cotta Ana , Paim Julia Filardi , Carvalho Elmano , Navarro Mônica Machado , Valicek Jaquelin , da-Cunha-Junior Antonio Lopes , Menezes Miriam Melo , Nunes Simone Vilela , Xavier-Neto Rafael , da Silveira Eni Braga , Costa-e-Silva Cynthia , Takata Reinaldo Issao , Vargas Antonio Pedro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground: Dystrophinopathies are X-linked muscular dystrophies characterized by pathogenic mutations in the dystrophin gene. Symptomatic dystrophinopathy female carriers may present with limb-girdle weakness. The diagnosis may be challenging in the absence of affected male relatives. We aimed to describe the phenotypic variability in a series of molecular-confirmed female dystrophinopathy patients. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of medical records from 1997 to 2015. Results: Ten female dystrophinopathy patients were selected, two with unusual phenotypes: one with early joint contractures muscular dystrophy and the other with very late onset myopathy. Muscle imaging studies demonstrated predominant asymmetric fat replacement. Muscle biopsy immunohistochemistry demonstrated clear mosaic pattern in two cases and only subtle reduction of dystrophin intensity in three. Conclusions: Adequate diagnosis is fundamental for genetic counseling and cardiologic follow-up. Female patients with dystrophinopathy may present unusual phenotypes such as early contractures and very late onset myopathy.
Bayesian estimation of fossil phylogenies and the evolution of early to middle Paleozoic crinoids (Echinodermata)
Authors: Wright David F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractKnowledge of phylogenetic relationships among species is fundamental to understanding basic patterns in evolution and underpins nearly all research programs in biology and paleontology. However, most methods of phylogenetic inference typically used by paleontologists do not accommodate the idiosyncrasies of fossil data and therefore do not take full advantage of the information provided by the fossil record. The advent of Bayesian ‘tip-dating’ approaches to phylogeny estimation is especially promising for paleosystematists because time-stamped comparative data can be combined with probabilistic models tailored to accommodate the study of fossil taxa. Under a Bayesian framework, the recently developed fossilized birth–death (FBD) process provides a more realistic tree prior model for paleontological data that accounts for macroevolutionary dynamics, preservation, and sampling when inferring phylogenetic trees containing fossils. In addition, the FBD tree prior allows for the possibility of sampling ancestral morphotaxa. Although paleontologists are increasingly embracing probabilistic phylogenetic methods, these recent developments have not previously been applied to the deep-time invertebrate fossil record. Here, I examine phylogenetic relationships among Ordovician through Devonian crinoids using a Bayesian tip-dating approach. Results support several clades recognized in previous analyses sampling only Ordovician taxa, but also reveal instances where phylogenetic affinities are more complex and extensive revisions are necessary, particularly among the Cladida. The name Porocrinoidea is proposed for a well-supported clade of Ordovician ‘cyathocrine’ cladids and hybocrinids. The Eucladida is proposed as a clade name for the sister group of the Flexibilia herein comprised of cladids variously considered ‘cyathocrines,’ ‘dendrocrines,’ and/or ‘poteriocrines’ by other authors.
‘They blew up the best portion of our city and … it is their duty to replace it’: compensation andreconstruction in the aftermathof the 1916 Rising
Authors: Corráin Daithí Ó 
Published: February 2017

In his vivid account of Easter Week 1916, The insurrection in Dublin, the writer James Stephens observed: ‘The finest part of our city has been blown to smithereens, and burned into ashes. Soldiers amongst us who have served abroad say that the ruin of this quarter is more complete than anything they have seen at Ypres, than anything they have seen anywhere in France or Flanders.’ In a letter to his sister, Henry Beater, company secretary of Arnotts, also likened the smouldering ruins of Sackville Street and the adjoining thoroughfares to a scene from the war:
House after house destroyed utterly. Clery & Co., D.B.C., Eason, G.P.O., Metropole and Imperial Hotels, Freeman’s Journal and literally dozens of other establishments in ruins. Henry St. on both sides from the pillar to Arnott & Co. nearly every house down and absolutely ruined.
The morphology and ultrastructure ofBrevigraptus quadrithecatusn. gen., n. sp. (Diplograptacea), and Its convergence uponDicaulograptus hystrix(Bulman)
Authors: Mitchell Charles E. 
Published: February 2017

Rhabdosomes ofBrevigraptus quadrithecatusn. gen., n. sp. (Lasiograptinae, Diplograptacea), from the Upper Ordovician Viola Springs Formation of south-central Oklahoma, comprise four fully developed thecae. The sicula and the first two thecae are fully sclerotized. The ultrastructure of the fusellum is unusually dense but is overlaid by a typical diplograptacean bandaged cortex. The third and fourth thecae consist of clathria covered by a cortical sheet. Lacinia are absent. The cortical sheet comprises bandages deposited in a support dominated pattern that matches expectations of the pterobranch model of peridermal secretion. Lists are fusellar derivatives and exhibit traces of fuselli-like growth increments but no continuous fusellum is present. Lists are strongly thickened with cortical tissue. The fabricational pattern employed in list construction reveals the operation of strong historical constraints during the evolutionary reduction of the fusellum.The thecal form and list architecture ofBrevigraptus quadrithecatusare nearly identical to those ofPipiograptus hesperusWhittington.Brevigraptus quadrithecatuspossesses a Pattern G astogeny and exhibits several derived astogenetic features that it shares withP. hesperusandOrthoretiolites hamiWhittington. Both thecal and astogenetic similarities suggest the new taxon is a member of the Lasiograptinae, and is closely allied to the aforementioned species.The thecae ofB. quadrithecatusexhibit striking similarity withDicaulograptus hystrix(Bulman). However, both the details of thecal construction and primordial astogeny differ markedly between these species. The thecal similarities appear to be convergent. Accordingly,D. hystrixis probably not closely allied to the Lasiograptinae.
Paramys compressidensPeterson and the systematic relationships of the species ofParamys(Paramyinae, Ischyromyidae)
Authors: Korth William W. 
Published: February 2017

Paramys compressidensPeterson, from the Uintan of Utah, has long been considered a member of the genusIschyrotomusMatthew. A re-examination of the type and referred specimens of this species demonstrates that it does indeed belong in the genusParamysand that several of the previously cited referred specimens can be allocated to other known species.Systematic relationships between the species ofParamysare analyzed. Recognizable morphoclines within this genus are increase in size and amount of crenulation of the enamel on the cheek teeth, and changes in the cross-sectional shape of the lower incisor. Several species previously considered as belonging toParamys(P. simpsoniKorth,P. savageiMichaux,P. pourcyensisMichaux,P. ageiensisMichaux) may be referable elsewhere.ThisbemysWood,LeptotomusMatthew, andTapomysWilson can be directly derived from the known species ofParamys. The origin of several other genera may possibly be found withinParamys, but no ancestral morphotype is currently known.
Catalogue Technique in Dionysius Periegetes
Authors: Lightfoot J.L. 
Published: February 2017

Dionysios gehört zu den interessantesten Problemen der griechischen Literaturgeschichte.Knaack (1905) 916.34f.Within the general context of increasing interest in Greek literature in the Roman period, interest in Dionysius the Periegete is certainly on the rise. Our knowledge of his extensive textual tradition is still expanding, and further editions are under way; the ideologies that structure his work have been explored in a series of publications by Christian Jacob (1990, 1991); and the welcome increase in the volume of publications over the last five years or so includes a collection of essays which is especially geared to one of my themes in this essay, Dionysius' relations with Hellenistic poetry and poets. Yet there are some basic aspects of his poetics that remain un-, or under-, studied. At the heart of the matter, I suggest, are two major backgrounds that need to be explored further.The first is the reception of Hellenistic poetry in the imperial period. Dionysius is a neo-Hellenistic poet. Indeed, he is so convincing a neo-Hellenistic poet that a critic as astute as Tycho Mommsen placed him in the first century BCE on the basis of a whole array of stylistic and metrical and other sorts of linguistic criteria. Dionysius' true date has been known for a century and a quarter; but we are really none the wiser about what it was that gave rise to this extraordinarily competent and convincing Hellenistic imitation. It is not only that he imitates Apollonius, Callimachus, Nicander, Aratus and others in purple passages of his own, but that so many of his techniques of composition and allusion, and—as this paper will demonstrate—his formal evocation of certain styles of writing, are thoroughly Hellenistic. So the first thing that is needed is an exploration of the various ways in which imperial writers respond to the masters of the high Hellenistic period, and their successors: is Dionysius a representative of a special and distinctive strain in imperial poetics, or is he a particular instance of something more multiform and complex?
A Discussion Paper: The Development of Professional Teacher Standards in Environmental Education
Authors: Cutter-Mackenzie Amy , Clarke Barbara , Smith Phil 
Published: February 2017

AbstractProfessional teaching associations in Australia and abroad have been developing teacher and/or teaching standards and associated professional learning and assessment models in the key discipline areas since the 1990s. In Australia, a specific intent of this approach is to capture and recognise the depth and range of accomplished educators' teaching. Despite the increasing work in this area, there has been a dearth of discussion about teacher standards in environmental education and no previous attempt to research and/or develop professional teacher standards for environmental education in Australia. This paper discusses the history of teacher standards in Australia, and considers the implications for the development of teacher standards in environmental education. In doing so, we present a research-practice model that is currently being piloted in Victoria for developing accomplished professional teacher standards and learning in environmental education with and for accomplished Australian primary and secondary teachers.