bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithm for Symptom Attribution and Classification Following Possible Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Pape Theresa Louise-Bender , Herrold Amy A. , Smith Bridget , Babcock-Parziale Judith , Harp Jordan , Shandera-Ochsner Anne , Jenkins Shonna , Evans Charlesnika T. , Schleenbaker Randal , High Walter M. 
Published: January 2016

Objective:
To present a heuristic model of a symptom attribution and classification algorithm (SACA) for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Setting: VA Polytrauma sites. Participants: 422 Veterans. Design: Cross-sectional. Main Measures: SACA, Comprehensive TBI Evaluation (CTBIE), Structured TBI Diagnostic Interview, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2-RF), Letter Memory Test, Validity-10. Results: SACA and CTBIE diagnoses differ significantly (P < .01). The CTBIE, compared with SACA, attributes 16% to 500% more symptoms to mTBI, behavioral health (BH), mTBI + BH and symptom resolution. Altering SACA criteria indicate that (1) CTBIE determination of cognitive impairment yields 27% to 110% more mTBI, mTBI + BH and symptom resolution diagnoses, (2) ignoring timing of symptom onset yields 32% to 76% more mTBI, mTBI + BH and Other Condition diagnoses, (3) Proportion of sample having questionably valid profiles using structured TBI diagnostic interview and MMPI-2-RF and Letter Memory Test is 26% whereas with CTBIE item number 23 and Validity-10 is 6% to 26%, (4) MMPI-2-RF F-scale is the only measure identifying Veterans with posttraumatic amnesia for more than 24 hours as having questionably valid profiles. Conclusions: Symptom attribution–based diagnoses differ when using status quo versus the SACA. The MMPI-2-RF F-scale, compared with the Validity-10 and Letter Memory Test, may be more precise in identifying questionably valid profiles for mTBI + BH. The SACA provides a framework to inform clinical practice, resource allocation, and future research.
Genetic Variation in the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter: Preliminary Associations With Cognitive Outcomes After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Markos Steven M. , Failla Michelle D. , Ritter Anne C. , Dixon C. Edward , Conley Yvette P. , Ricker Joseph H. , Arenth Patricia M. , Juengst Shannon B. , Wagner Amy K. 
Published: January 2016

Introduction:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently results in impaired cognition, a function that can be modulated by monoaminergic signaling. Genetic variation among monoaminergic genes may affect post-TBI cognitive performance. The vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) gene may be a novel source of genetic variation important for cognitive outcomes post-TBI given VMAT2's role in monoaminergic neurotransmission.

Objective:
To evaluate associations between VMAT2 variability and cognitive outcomes post-TBI.

Methods:
We evaluated 136 white adults with severe TBI for variation in VMAT2 using a tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (tSNP) approach (rs363223, rs363226, rs363251, and rs363341). We show genetic variation interacts with assessed cognitive impairment (cognitive composite [Comp-Cog] T-scores) to influence functional cognition (functional independence measure cognitive [FIM-Cog] subscale] 6 and 12 months postinjury.

Results:
Multivariate analyses at 6 months postinjury showed rs363226 genotype was associated with Comp-Cog (P = .040) and interacted with Comp-Cog to influence functional cognition (P < .001). G-homozygotes had the largest cognitive impairment, and their cognitive impairment had the greatest adverse effect on functional cognition.

Discussion:
We provide the first evidence that genetic variation within VMAT2 is associated with cognitive outcomes after TBI. Further work is needed to validate this finding and elucidate mechanisms by which genetic variation affects monoaminergic signaling, mediating differences in cognitive outcomes.
Dietary Micronutrient Intake and Micronutrient Status in Patients With Chronic Stable Heart Failure
Authors: McKeag Nicholas A. , McKinley Michelle C. , Harbinson Mark T. , McGinty Ann , Neville Charlotte E. , Woodside Jayne V. , McKeown Pascal P. 
Published: January 2016

Background:
Observational studies suggest that patients with heart failure have a tendency to a reduced status of a number of micronutrients and that this may be associated with an adverse prognosis. A small number of studies also suggest that patients with heart failure may have reduced dietary intake of micronutrients, a possible mechanism for reduced status.

Objective:
The aims of this study were to assess dietary micronutrient intake and micronutrient status in a group of patients with heart failure.

Methods:
Dietary intake was assessed in 79 outpatients with chronic stable heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Blood concentrations of a number of micronutrients, including vitamin D, were measured in fasting blood samples, drawn at the time of food frequency questionnaire completion.

Results:
More than 20% of patients reported intakes less than the reference nutrient intake or recommended intake for riboflavin, vitamin D, vitamin A, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, copper, selenium, and iodine. More than 5% of patients reported intakes less than the lower reference nutrient intake or minimum recommended intake for riboflavin, vitamin D, vitamin A, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, selenium, and iodine. Vitamin D deficiency (plasma total 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentration <50 nmol/L) was observed in 75.6% of patients.

Conclusions:
Vitamin D deficiency was common in this group of patients with heart failure. Based on self-reported dietary intake, a substantial number of individuals may not have been consuming enough vitamin D and a modest number of individuals may not have been consuming enough riboflavin, vitamin A, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, copper, selenium, or iodine to meet their dietary needs.
Isolated Peripancreatic Necrosis in Acute Pancreatitis Is Infrequent and Leads to Severe Clinical Course Only When Extensive
Authors: Koutroumpakis Efstratios , Dasyam Anil K. , Furlan Alessandro , Slivka Adam , Gougol Amir , Zeh Herbert J. , Lee Kenneth K. , Zureikat Amer H. , Whitcomb David C. , Yadav Dhiraj , Papachristou Georgios I. 
Published: January 2016

Goals:
To explore the diagnostic challenges, management, and clinical outcomes of patients with isolated peripancreatic necrosis (PPN), with emphasis on the extent of involvement, and compare them to pancreatic necrosis (PN).

Background:
PPN, a relatively new term, has been included as a separate entity in the Revised Atlanta Classification.

Study:
Clinical data of recruited acute pancreatitis patients were recorded prospectively. Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans were reviewed by expert radiologists blinded to clinical outcomes.

Results:
In total, 271 of the 400 acute pancreatitis patients underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography, of which 29 (11%) had PPN (14: limited; 15: extensive) and 124 (46%) PN (40: <30%, 16: 30% to 50%, 68: >50% of parenchyma). Patients with PPN were similar to PN in age (56 y), gender (55% male), and body mass index (29 kg/m2). Nutritional support was provided in 18 (62%) patients with PPN and 97 (78%) with PN (P=0.12). Drainage/debridement was required in 2 patients (7%) with PPN and 64 (53%) with parenchymal necrosis (P<0.001). Persistent organ failure rates did not differ significantly (34% vs. 51%, P=0.17), but hospital stay was shorter in patients with PPN (15 vs. 20 d, P=0.05). Limited PPN required no intervention and had similar persistent organ failure rates and hospitalization length with interstitial pancreatitis (both P≥0.12). Extensive PPN mainly developed in patients with persistent organ failure (60%) and rarely required drainage (2/15).

Conclusions:
PPN prevalence was lower than PN with a ratio of 1:4. PPN rarely required intervention. Utilizing the extent of involvement has the potential to classify PPN and PN with escalating clinical significance and guide management.
Perspectives on the Use of eHealth in the Management of Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Treisman Glenn J. , Jayaram Geetha , Margolis Russell L. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Schmidt Chester W. , Mihelish Gary L. , Kennedy Adrienne , Howson Alexandra , Rasulnia Maziar , Misiuta Iwona E. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Mobile devices, digital technologies, and web-based applications—known collectively as eHealth (electronic health)—could improve health care delivery for costly, chronic diseases such as schizophrenia. Pharmacologic and psychosocial therapies represent the primary treatment for individuals with schizophrenia; however, extensive resources are required to support adherence, facilitate continuity of care, and prevent relapse and its sequelae. This paper addresses the use of eHealth in the management of schizophrenia based on a roundtable discussion with a panel of experts, which included psychiatrists, a medical technology innovator, a mental health advocate, a family caregiver, a health policy maker, and a third-party payor. The expert panel discussed the uses, benefits, and limitations of emerging eHealth with the capability to integrate care and extend service accessibility, monitor patient status in real time, enhance medication adherence, and empower patients to take a more active role in managing their disease. In summary, to support this technological future, eHealth requires significant research regarding implementation, patient barriers, policy, and funding.
Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion
Authors: Goloborodko Anton , Imakaev Maksim V. , Marko John F. , Mirny Leonid 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe mechanism by which chromatids and chromosomes are segregated during mitosis and meiosis is a major puzzle of biology and biophysics. Using polymer simulations of chromosome dynamics, we show that a single mechanism of loop extrusion by condensins can robustly compact, segregate and disentangle chromosomes, arriving at individualized chromatids with morphology observedin vivo. Our model resolves the paradox of topological simplification concomitant with chromosome “condensation”, and explains how enzymes a few nanometers in size are able to control chromosome geometry and topology at micron length scales. We suggest that loop extrusion is a universal mechanism of genome folding that mediates functional interactions during interphase and compacts chromosomes during mitosis.
Assessing sample representativeness in randomized controlled trials: application to the National Institute of Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network
Authors: Susukida Ryoko , Crum Rosa M , Stuart Elizabeth A , Ebnesajjad Cyrus , Mojtabai Ramin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimsTo compare the characteristics of individuals participating in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of treatments of substance use disorder (SUD) with individuals receiving treatment in usual care settings, and to provide a summary quantitative measure of differences between characteristics of these two groups of individuals using propensity score methods.DesignAnalyses using data from RCT samples from the National Institute of Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network (CTN) and target populations of patients drawn from the Treatment Episodes Data Set—Admissions (TEDS‐A).SettingsMultiple clinical trial sites and nation‐wide usual SUD treatment settings in the United States.ParticipantsA total of 3592 individuals from 10 CTN samples and 1 602 226 individuals selected from TEDS‐A between 2001 and 2009.MeasurementsThe propensity scores for enrolling in the RCTs were computed based on the following nine observable characteristics: sex, race/ethnicity, age, education, employment status, marital status, admission to treatment through criminal justice, intravenous drug use and the number of prior treatments.FindingsThe proportion of those with ≥ 12 years of education and the proportion of those who had full‐time jobs were significantly higher among RCT samples than among target populations (in seven and nine trials, respectively, at P < 0.001). The pooled difference in the mean propensity scores between the RCTs and the target population was 1.54 standard deviations and was statistically significant at P < 0.001.ConclusionsIn the United States, individuals recruited into randomized controlled trials of substance use disorder treatments appear to be very different from individuals receiving treatment in usual care settings. Notably, RCT participants tend to have more years of education and a greater likelihood of full‐time work compared with people receiving care in usual care settings.
Reduced adaptability, but no fundamental disruption, of norm‐based face coding following early visual deprivation from congenital cataracts
Authors: Rhodes Gillian , Nishimura Mayu , de Heering Adelaide , Jeffery Linda , Maurer Daphne 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFaces are adaptively coded relative to visual norms that are updated by experience, and this adaptive coding is linked to face recognition ability. Here we investigated whether adaptive coding of faces is disrupted in individuals (adolescents and adults) who experience face recognition difficulties following visual deprivation from congenital cataracts in infancy. We measured adaptive coding using face identity aftereffects, where smaller aftereffects indicate less adaptive updating of face‐coding mechanisms by experience. We also examined whether the aftereffects increase with adaptor identity strength, consistent with norm‐based coding of identity, as in typical populations, or whether they show a different pattern indicating some more fundamental disruption of face‐coding mechanisms. Cataract‐reversal patients showed significantly smaller face identity aftereffects than did controls (Experiments 1 and 2). However, their aftereffects increased significantly with adaptor strength, consistent with norm‐based coding (Experiment 2). Thus we found reduced adaptability but no fundamental disruption of norm‐based face‐coding mechanisms in cataract‐reversal patients. Our results suggest that early visual experience is important for the normal development of adaptive face‐coding mechanisms.
Genomic survey provides insights into the evolutionary changes that occurred during European expansion of the invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)
Authors: Vera Manuel , Díez‐del‐Molino David , García‐Marín José‐Luis 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBiological invasions rank among the main global threats for biodiversity. The Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) is considered one of the 100 world worst invasive species due to its high adaptation capability to new environments. Using the restriction‐site‐associated DNA tags (RADtags), introduced European locations were compared against native US mosquitofish populations to analyse genomic changes that occurred during invasive process of European locations. After filtering, 7724 RADtags containing only one SNP were retained for population studies. Comparative genomics indicated that 186 of these RADtags matched sequences in the transcriptome of Xyphophorus maculatus, the most closely related genome available. Genomic analyses showed that invasive populations show high reductions in diversity. Further, analyses of population structuring based on these data are concordant with previous analyses based on microsatellites. It is concluded that during the invasion process genetic drift was the main evolutionary force affecting patterns of diversity and population structure. While recognizing that positive selection could be masked by the strong drift during founder events, adaptive processes were evidenced in a reduced number of RADtags (<2%), with only one of these in a putative coding region. Surprisingly, balancing selection was detected in several coding RADtags, suggesting that the preservation of polymorphism in specific genes could be more important than the average population diversity for the population maintenance at any location, particularly for the survival of introduced populations.
Generalized (Phi, Rho)-convexity in nonsmooth vector optimization over cones
Authors: Kapoor Malti , Suneja Surjeet K , Sharma Sunila 
Published: January 2016

In this paper, new classes of cone-generalized (Phi,Rho)-convex functions are introduced for a nonsmooth vector optimization problem over cones, which subsume several known studied classes. Using these generalized functions, various sufficient Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) type nonsmooth optimality conditions are established wherein Clarke's generalized gradient is used. Further, we prove duality results for both Wolfe and Mond-Weir type duals under various types of cone-generalized (Phi,Rho)-convexity assumptions.Phi,Rho
Stunting risk of orphans by caregiver and living arrangement in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Finlay Jocelyn E , Fink Günther , McCoy Dana Charles , Tavárez L Carolina , Chai Jeanne , Danaei Goodarz , Ezzati Majid , Fawzi Wafaie , Fawzi Mary C Smith 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundAn estimated 151 million children worldwide have lost one or both parents (UNICEF). Although a considerable literature has documented the impact of parental loss on children's emotional development, to date there are mixed findings regarding the potential effect of orphanhood on children's physical growth. The aim of the study is to examine the association between orphanhood (maternal, paternal or both) on childhood stunting status, accounting for living arrangement.MethodsWe combine nationally representative data from 84 Demographic Health Surveys for 49 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Data from 222 690 children aged 0–23 months were included in the analytical sample. We show pooled estimates from multiple analysis models, as well as models examining the role of the surviving parent's residence and household structure.ResultsIn fully adjusted models, maternal orphans were found to have an increased risk of stunting (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.4) compared to children with two living parents. The stratified models demonstrated that the greatest risk was observed for maternal orphans whose surviving fathers did not live with the child (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.6).ConclusionsEarly orphanhood constitutes a major risk for children's physical development in LMICs. However, the results suggest that the adverse effects of a parental loss can be mitigated if appropriate support is provided, indicating the potential benefits of the surviving parents staying with their children. The benefits of targeted social policies aimed at single fathers and grandparents supporting orphans may be significant.
Role of combination of hexagonal boron nitride and graphite in NAO friction material
Authors: Aranganathan N , Bijwe Jayashree , Khatri DS 
Published: January 2016

Copper is added in non-asbestos organic (NAO) friction materials (FM) to increase the thermal conductivity and to enhance the lubricity at high temperature apart from the well-accepted fact that it influences tribological performance also. Copper is being phased out slowly in FM formulations because of its proven threat to the aquatic life. Nowadays, the research in this area is being focussed on finding alternatives to Cu. Hexa-boron nitride (hBN) also known as white graphite is a ceramic powdery filler, having crystalline structure similar to that of graphite along with various desirable properties (such as higher thermo-oxidative stability and thermal conductivity) which could be possibly suitable for developing Cu-free FMs. Hence, it was thought worthwhile to explore hBN as a potential ingredient in FM formulation for replacing copper. Five FMs in the form of brake shoes were developed, keeping all other ingredients identical and varying combinations of two solid lubricants viz. graphite and hBN systematically. The amount of these two solid lubricants was purposefully kept high (20%) so that the effect on performance properties could be visible clearly. Samples were tribo-evaluated using chase test rig as per IS 2742 standard. The paper discusses on the influence of these solid lubricants on performance properties of the series of five FMs.
The effect of particulate matter on paper degradation
Authors: Grau-Bové Josep , Budič Bojan , Cigić Irena Kralj , Thickett David , Signorello Stefania , Strlič Matija 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background
In this work we explore the chemical effects of particulate matter on paper. We exposed paper made of pure cellulose to the environment in different locations in central London, outdoors (in sheltered conditions) and indoors, for a period of up to 6 months. We monitored particulate matter (PM) deposition by counting the particles deposited every month with a scanning electron microscope. We analysed elemental composition of the deposited particles using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. After accelerated degradation of the exposed samples, we determined the degree of polymerisation using viscometry.

Results
We observed higher deposition rates and higher metal concentration outdoors than indoors. Elemental analysis of the deposited particles revealed the presence of some transition metals (Fe, Cu, Cr) that can contribute to the degradation of cellulose fibres through the Fenton reaction. By comparing the degree of polymerisation of protected, unprotected and unexposed samples we could determine the relative contribution of PM deposition on the increase of the degradation rate. We found that the surface concentration of iron correlates with the reduction in the degree of polymerisation of the exposed paper.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the presence of Fenton metals in PM has a significant effect on the acceleration of the degradation of cellulose. However, we estimate that this will unlikely occur at the levels of area coverage by PM that are typically avoided in indoor heritage through preventive maintenance and cleaning.
Decision making on timing of surgery for hip fracture patients on clopidogrel
Authors: Purushothaman B , Webb M , Weusten A , Bonczek S , Ramaskandhan J , Nanu A 
Published: January 2016

Patients taking clopidogrel who sustain a fractured neck of femur pose a challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. The aim of this study was to determine whether delay to theatre for these patients affects drop in haemoglobin levels, need for blood transfusion, length of hospital stay and 30-day mortality. A retrospective review of all neck of femur patients admitted at two centres in the North East of England over 3 years revealed 85 patients. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether they were taking clopidogrel alone (C) or with aspirin (CA). Haemoglobin drop was significantly different in the CA group that was operated on early (CA1) versus the group for which surgery was delayed by over 48 hours (CA2): 3.3g/dl and 1.9g/dl respectively (p=0.01). The mean inpatient stay in group C was 35.9 days while in group CA it was 19.9 days (p=0.002). The mean length of stay in group CA2 (26.7 days) was significantly longer than for CA1 patients (14.1 days) (p=0.01). There were no significant differences in mortality or wound complications. Hip fracture patients on clopidogrel can be safely operated on early provided they are medically stable. Bleeding risk should be borne in mind in those patients on dual therapy with aspirin.