bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Method for Hair Containment During Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Zingaretti Nicola , De Biasio Fabrizio , Riccio Michele , Marchesi Andrea , Parodi Pier Camillo 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The authors present a simple technique for operations around hair-bearing areas such as during a rhytidectomy. Hair surrounding the surgical field is twisted into bundles and clipped with duckbill clips. The authors repeat the procedure for each strand of hair. Between 5 and 7 duckbill clips may be required per surgery.
The clippers are faster, easily applicable, and well performing. They can be used with different hair lengths, and they do not require any additional trimming or shaving; clips also keep the hair firmly in place, and they do not loosen up in the process.
This technical note explains a very simple, economical, and less time-consuming method to control hair located around the surgical site. It may be applied to all procedures within the field of the hair-bearing scalp, including craniofacial and maxillofacial surgery.
Intrabronchial Catheter Resuscitation for Respiratory and Cardiorespiratory Arrest
Authors: Wolf Jeffrey S. , Hebert Andrea , Sanchez Pablo , Wijesinha Marniker , Shapiro Scott , Morales Robert , Iacono Aldo T. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
We sought to determine whether intrabronchial oxygenation would provide adequate gas exchange during both anesthesia induced apneic and cardiopulmonary arrest and cardiac massage (CPR).

Methods:
Ten pigs underwent general anesthesia with mechanical ventilation. Blood gases were measured in each animal at 4 min intervals for up to 28 min. An intrabronchial catheter (4 L/min O2) was inserted through an endotracheal tube after respirator cessation. Group A animals (6) were resuscitated with the catheter but without CPR. Group B animals (4) were rendered apneic and cardioplegic and resuscitated by CPR for 28 min using the intrabronchial device.

Results:
All group A animals were resuscitated and survived after 24 min of apnea. Mean pO2 decreased from 378 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], 288–468) to 292 mmHg (95% CI, 246–339), P = 0.009; pCO2 increased from 52 mmHg (95% CI, 43–61) to 137 mmHg (95% CI, 116–158), P < 0.0001; and pH decreased from 7.32 (7.29–7.36) to 6.98 (6.92–7.03), P < 0.0001. In a control animal bronchial catheter oxygen flow ceased at baseline and pO2 decreased from 268 to 30 mmHg by 20 min. In group B animals mean pO2 decreased from 426 mmHg (95% CI, 273–579) to 130 mmHg (95% CI, 92–168) after 28 min, P < 0.0001; pCO2 increased from 49 mmHg (95% CI, 41–58) to 73 mmHg (95% CI, 61–86), P = 0.03; and pH decreased from 7.34 (7.33–7.35) to 7.07 (6.98–7.16), P < 0.0001. In the control receiving intratracheal oxygen pO2 decreased from 324 to 88 mmHg after 16 minu of CPR.

Conclusions:
Intrabronchial oxygenation provides sustained hyperoxemia during complete apnea and cardiac arrest with CPR.
Resident Knowledge, Surgical Skill, and Confidence in Transobturator Vaginal Tape Placement: The Value of a Cadaver Laboratory
Authors: Chong Woojin , Downing Keith , Leegant Ava , Banks Erika , Fridman Dmitry , Downie Sherry 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
The objective of this study is to examine the effect of additional cadaver laboratory use in training obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) residents on transobturator vaginal tape (TOT) insertion.

Methods
Thirty-four OBGYN residents were randomized into 2 groups (group 1, control; group 2, intervention; 17 in each group). Before and after the interventions, written knowledge and confidence levels were assessed. Both groups received didactic lectures using a bony pelvis and an instructional video on TOT insertion; group 2 participated in a half day cadaver laboratory. Surgical skills were assessed by placing 1 arm of the TOT trocar on a custom-designed pelvic model simulator while being graded by an Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS) board-certified proctor.

Results
Demographics were comparable. Baseline knowledge and confidence level before interventions were similar. After interventions, knowledge scores improved for both groups (8.8% for group 1; 14.1% for group 2); TOT insertion scores were significantly higher in group 2 (6.76/15 ± 2.54 group 1; 10.24/15 ± 2.73 group 2, P < 0.01); confidence scores improved in both groups. The pelvic model simulator was rated as the most useful method to learn TOT placement by group 1. Group 2 rated TOT simulation (47%) and cadaver laboratory (41%). All trainees reported that the pelvic model was highly realistic.

Conclusions
Cadaver laboratory exposure, along with other educational interventions (lectures and video), improves OBGYN residents' confidence, knowledge, and surgical skills regarding TOT placement. The custom-designed pelvic model allows for a realistic simulation of TOT placement: it can be used to assess resident surgical skills and also aid the training of OBGYN residents.
Safe summers: Adapting evidence-based injury prevention into a summer curriculum
Authors: Schaeffer Melody , Cioni Claire , Kozma Nicole , Rains Catherine , Todd Greta 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND
Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death for those aged 0 years to 19 years. St. Louis Children’s Hospital created Safety Land, a comprehensive injury prevention intervention which is provided during summer months. This program uses a life-size board game to teach safety education to children in ages 5 years to 11 years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Safety Land on safety knowledge in children that participated in the intervention.

METHODS
St. Louis Children’s Hospital identified ZIP codes with the highest use of the emergency room for injury. Daycares and summer camps within these ZIP codes were targeted for the Safety Land intervention. A multiple choice pretest and posttest survey was designed to measure knowledge change within program participants. Students were selected for testing based on site availably. Within these sites, a convenience sample of children was selected for pretesting and posttesting. Safety Land staff conducted the pretest a week before the intervention, and the posttest was administered the week after the intervention. A total knowledge score was calculated to determine overall knowledge change. Descriptive statistics and independent-samples t tests were conducted to determine statistical significance of change in knowledge (p < 0.05) for each question.

RESULTS
Between May 2014 and August 2016, 3,866 children participated in Safety Land. A total of 310 children completed the pretest and 274 completed the posttest. Mean test scores increased from 66.7% to 85.1% and independent-samples t test of the total knowledge score was significant (p < 0.05) between pretest and posttest values.

CONCLUSION
Findings suggest that this intervention is effective in increasing the knowledge of safety behaviors for children receiving the curriculum during the summer months. Further research should focus on long-term behavior changes in these youth.
Hybrid multilevel solution of sparse least-squares linear systems
Authors: Filelis-Papadopoulos Christos K. , Gravvanis George A. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
Large sparse least-squares problems arise in different scientific disciplines such as optimization, data analysis, machine learning and simulation. This paper aims to propose a two-level hybrid direct-iterative scheme, based on novel block independent column reordering, for efficiently solving large sparse least-squares linear systems.

Design/methodology/approach
Herewith, a novel block column independent set reordering scheme is used to separate the columns in two groups: columns that are block independent and columns that are coupled. The permutation scheme leads to a two-level hierarchy. Using this two-level hierarchy, the solution of the least-squares linear system results in the solution of a reduced size Schur complement-type square linear system, using the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method as well as backward substitution using the upper triangular factor, computed through sparse Q-less QR factorization of the columns that are block independent. To improve the convergence behavior of the PCG method, the upper triangular factor, computed through sparse Q-less QR factorization of the coupled columns, is used as a preconditioner. Moreover, to further reduce the fill-in, then the column approximate minimum degree (COLAMD) algorithm is used to permute the block consisting of the coupled columns.

Findings
The memory requirements for solving large sparse least-squares linear systems are significantly reduced compared to Q-less QR decomposition of the original as well as the permuted problem with COLAMD. The memory requirements are reduced further by choosing to form larger blocks of independent columns. The convergence behavior of the iterative scheme is improved due to the chosen preconditioning scheme. The proposed scheme is inherently parallel due to the introduction of block independent column reordering.

Originality/value
The proposed scheme is a hybrid direct-iterative approach for solving sparse least squares linear systems based on the implicit computation of a two-level approximate pseudo-inverse matrix. Numerical results indicating the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed scheme are given.
Schedule and cost overrun analysis for R&D projects using ANP and system dynamics
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Thakkar J.J. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
Schedule and cost overrun analysis for a typical research & development (R&D) project is necessary to identify and mitigate the non-feasible alternatives at the design stage. Typically, this should include an analysis of technological and economic factors of R&D project. This paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This research proposes an integrated analytic network process (ANP) and reusable system dynamics (SD) model for a quick and strategically consistent decision making. The technological and economic factors of R&D project were first identified and compiled through a systematic literature review. An ANP model was first developed for calculating Risk Priority Index (RPI) for set of technological and economic factors. The computed RPI are considered as an input to SD models. Two SD models (technological and economic) are developed to undertake a detailed investigation on effect of individual factor on schedule and cost overrun. The approach is exemplified for a case of government R&D project in India.

Findings
ANP identifies “Testing & qualification facility” and “Raw material availability” as the highest RPI factors. A detailed sensitivity analysis of SD models suggests that technological factors such as “Design Changes,” “Hidden Activities,” and “Lack of Expertise” and economic factors such as “Project delays,” “Unexpected incidents” and “Conflicts” have the highest influence on schedule and cost overrun.

Practical implications
The outcomes of this research can help managers to estimate the severity of various technological and economic factors on cost and schedule overrun and develop an adequate risk mitigation contingency plan.

Originality/value
In case of R&D projects where systems are being developed for the first time, changes are inevitable, and hence schedule and cost management plays a very important role in its success. This paper proposes an integrated reusable approach of ANP and SD for analyzing the influence of technological and economic factors on schedule and cost overrun of R&D project.
Can clicking promote learning?
Authors: Rana Nripendra P. , Dwivedi Yogesh K. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of factors such as attention, preparation, participation, feedback and engagement on the student learning performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Students of an undergraduate business course of a British university took part in the survey. The survey questionnaire was distributed to students during the revision week of the course and a total of 61 valid responses were gathered from them. The linear regression analysis using statistical package for the social sciences was performed to analyse the data.

Findings
The results indicated the significant relationships for all six hypotheses. The model explains a variance of 43.2 per cent in learning performance, which indicates that independent constructs contribute significantly on the research model’s performance.

Research limitations/implications
First, the sample only provides the students’ views about the use of clickers in the classroom setting. Second, the sample size for the gathered data is small. Third, the variance explained by the research model is reasonably moderate and hence can be improved further.

Originality/value
This is the first study to explore the impact of factors such as attention, preparation, participation, feedback and engagement on the student learning performance in the UK educational setting.
Social media technology management in College of Technology in Oman
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Pillai Sunil Prakash 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the constructs – utilitarian, hedonic and social value on the perceptions of the full-time instructors related to their social media technology (SMT) management for learning and teaching practices at workplace.Design/methodology/approachA survey is used to gather the data from 180 instructors (full time) working at one of the colleges owned by the ministry of manpower, Oman. This paper uses reliability analysis to determine Cronbach’sαand analysis of variance for the empirical investigation of instructors’ perceptions on SMT management.FindingsThe analysis shows that 98 per cent of the instructors use SMTs at their workplace. Social influence is found more dominating than utilitarian and hedonic constructs in impacting on instructors’ intention for SMT use. Findings also claim that higher the use of SMT at workplace stronger the influence on learning and teaching practices of higher education instructors.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can be used as the recommendations for all the faculty members to use SMTs for their educational, learning and teaching practices. The administration can develop policies to motivate instructors to manage such technologies for professional and personal development to enhance learning and teaching environment at workplace.Originality/valueThis study is perhaps the leading attempt to use utilitarian, hedonic and social value perceptions of the instructors to investigate the management of SMTs in an academic culture and settings of the developing country in the Middle East (Oman).
The impact of employees’ values on role engagement
Authors: Rice Bridget , Fieger Peter , Rice John , Martin Nigel , Knox Kathy 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the manner in which employees’ experience of distributive justice (DJ) moderates the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic values on role engagement (RE). RE is especially important in the healthcare setting (examined here) due to the sector’s complexity, changeability and emotionally challenging nature.Design/methodology/approachUsing data collected from a survey of employees from a large government health district in Southeast Queensland (Australia), this study examined the determinants of RE among a group of employees working across three hospital locations.FindingsThe focus of the study was on the impact, both directly and in combination, of espoused extrinsic and intrinsic values and perceived DJ on RE. The authors identify strong direct effects from DJ on RE, and complex third-order effects for the combinations of intrinsic (IM) and extrinsic motivation and DJ in predicting RE.Research limitations/implicationsAs a cross-sectional and attitudinal survey, care must be taken in relation to common-method variance.Post hoccontrols were performed in relation to this.Practical implicationsDJ is important for all, and is a powerful motivator for engagement of employees reporting highly on IM. There is evidence that the most engaged employees are not those most motivated by extrinsic rewards alone, although employees who are motivated primarily by extrinsic rewards alone can be highly engaged when they experience high levels of DJ.Social implicationsFor managers seeking to engage their employees, an understanding of the different motivators for intrinsically vs extrinsically inclined employees is important. Taken together, these results suggest that employee RE is driven by a complex set of factors that differ between employees. Managing this complexity is an important consideration for managers.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study to show these interaction effects using these measures. The healthcare context, generally under researched, also features in this study.
Environmental influences on pre-schooler’s understanding of brand symbolism
Authors: Watkins Leah , Aitken Robert , Thyne Maree , Robertson Kirsten , Borzekowski Dina 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors influencing young children’s (aged three to five years) understanding of brand symbolism.

Design/methodology/approach
Multiple hierarchical regression was used to analyse the relationships between age, gender and environmental factors, including family and the media, on the development of brand symbolism in pre-school children based on 56 children and parent dyad interviews.

Findings
Results confirmed the primary influence of age, television exposure and parental communication style on three to five-year-old children’s understanding of brand symbolism. The study demonstrates that the tendency to infer symbolic user attributes and non-product-related associations with brands starts as early as two years, and increases with age throughout the pre-school years. Children exposed to more television and less critical parental consumer socialisation strategies are more likely to prefer branded products, believe that brands are better quality and that they make people happy and popular.

Social implications
Identifying the factors that influence the development of symbolic brand associations in pre-school children provides an important contribution to public policy discussions on the impact of marketing to young children.

Originality/value
The paper extends existing research by considering, for the first time, the role of environmental factors in pre-schooler’s understanding of brand symbolism. The results provide a more informed basis for discussion about the impact of marketing messages on very young children and the environmental factors that may lead to a more critical engagement with brands.
Managing change at Urban Affordable Housing
Authors: Mazzei Matthew J. , Carson Charles M. 
Published: September 2017

Synopsis
Urban Affordable Housing (UAH) Inc. was a real estate asset management syndication firm that sponsored affordable housing to low-income families and seniors across the USA. The case examines the firm’s management of an internal information technology (IT) change initiative. The case follows the firm’s recently hired IT manager, Anthony Bryant, as he works to change a culture while acquiring resources and acceptance for the project he was hired to oversee. Bryant deals with numerous changing priorities, inadequate sponsorship, resistance from various levels, and a dearth of resources as he struggles to get the organization to complete an overdue database conversion.

Research methodology
This case is based upon the firsthand experiences of the lead author over a seven-year period while working at UAH. Measures have been taken to disguise the firm’s identity, including using a pseudonym, fictitious names for firm employees, a fictitious location, and the alteration of key dates. Key elements of the case have been constructed around semi-structured interviews and the review of archival documentation. Most quotes are verbatim in an attempt to preserve their authenticity, and were drawn from the semi-structured interviews and from historical accounts of actual occurrences and conversations.

Relevant courses and levels
The UAH case is multi-faceted, as it can be used in a number of environments amid a business school curriculum. A primary use is likely in a course revolving around organizational change and development. It might also be featured as part of the organizational change component in a course on organizational behavior, used to illustrate and analyze organizational culture and change leadership. Furthermore, the case could be used for change-related topics in management information systems or project management courses. The authors suggest the case be assigned at the graduate level, though it could also be suitable for an advanced undergraduate class.

Theoretical bases
Critical knowledge for successfully analyzing this case includes the following concepts: the change process (Lewin, 1951); leading change (Kotter, 1996); resistance to change (Kegan and Lahey, 2001); and communicating change (Armenakis and Harris, 2002).
Class categories and the subjective dimension of class: the case of Denmark
Authors: Harrits Gitte Sommer , Pedersen Helene Helboe 
Published: September 2017

AbstractClass relations have been proven to affect various aspects of social life, even in modern individualized societies. However, following claims on individualization and the so‐called ‘death of class’ thesis, studying the subjective dimension of class – that is, the way individuals perceive of class relations and their own position within them – has gone out of style. We argue that even in equalized societies, subjective class perceptions may still influence attitudes and behaviour as they evolve to fit modern class relations. To explore the existence as well as structure and content of perceived social classes, this article investigates how people describe society and social groups in focus group discussions. We find that groups in different positions in terms of education and economy all tend to apply hierarchical class categories to describe Danish society, which is normally seen as one of the most equal societies and political systems in the world. In addition, we find that economic resources serve as a baseline for the hierarchical ordering, often supplemented with notions of education, lifestyle and/or occupational profile. Even though people are somewhat uncomfortable with the notion of class, their descriptions of Danish society and classes are surprisingly similar within and across groups. We conclude that not only do class relations matter; people are also highly aware of the existing classes and able to position themselves and others according to their notion of classes.