bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of increased flooding on riparian vegetation: Field experiments simulating climate change along five European lowland streams
Authors: Garssen Annemarie G. , Baattrup‐Pedersen Annette , Riis Tenna , Raven Bart M. , Hoffman Carl Christian , Verhoeven Jos T. A. , Soons Merel B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn many parts of the world, the magnitude and frequency of cold‐season precipitation are expected to increase in the near future. This will result in an increased magnitude and duration of winter and spring flooding by rain‐fed streams and rivers. Such climate‐driven increases in flooding are likely to affect riparian plant communities, but future vegetation changes are hard to predict due to current lack of data. To fill this knowledge gap, we experimentally modified the hydrology of five streams across three countries in north‐western Europe during late winter/early spring over a period of 3 years. We assessed the responses in riparian plant species richness, biomass, plant‐available nitrogen and phosphorus and seed deposition to increased flooding depth (+18 cm on average at the lowest positions along the riparian gradient) and prolonged flooding duration (6 weeks on average). After 3 years of increased flooding, there was an overall decline in riparian species richness, while riparian plant biomass increased. Extractable soil nitrogen and phosphorus also increased and are likely to have contributed to the increased biomass. Increased flooding resulted in the arrival of more seeds of additional species to the riparian zone, thereby potentially facilitating the shifts in riparian plant species composition we observed. The results of our concerted experimental effort demonstrate that changes in stream riparian plant communities can occur rapidly following increased winter flooding, leading to strong reductions in plant species diversity.
Mini‐Mental State Examination score trajectories and incident disabling dementia among community‐dwelling older Japanese adults
Authors: Taniguchi Yu , Kitamura Akihiko , Murayama Hiroshi , Amano Hidenori , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Yokota Isao , Seino Satoshi , Nofuji Yu , Nishi Mariko , Yokoyama Yuri , Matsuyama Yutaka , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Shinkai Shoji 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThe present prospective study used repeated measures analysis to identify potential Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score trajectories and determine whether MMSE trajectory was associated with incident disabling dementia among community‐dwelling older Japanese adults.MethodsA total of 1724 non‐demented adults (mean age 71.4 years [SD 5.7]; 56.7% women) aged 65–90 years participated in annual geriatric health assessments during the period from June 2002 through July 2014. The total number of observations was 6755, and the average number of follow‐up assessments was 3.9. A review of municipal databases in the Japanese public long‐term care insurance system showed that 205 (11.9%) participants developed disabling dementia through December 2014.ResultsWe identified three distinct MMSE score trajectory patterns (high, middle and low) in adults aged 65–90 years. After adjusting for important confounders, participants with middle (42.8%) and low (5.1%) MMSE trajectories had hazard ratios of 2.46 (95% confidence interval 1.64–3.68) and 10.73 (95% confidence interval 4.91–23.45), respectively, for incident disabling dementia, as compared with those in the high (52.1%) trajectory group.ConclusionsApproximately half of the participants were classified as having a high MMSE trajectory, whereas 43% and 5% had middle and low MMSE trajectories, respectively, in this population. Individuals with middle and low MMSE trajectories had a higher risk for incident disabling dementia, which suggests that a high‐risk approach to dementia prevention should target people with mild and more rapid cognitive decline. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1928–1935.
The association between physical activity and cognition in men with and without HIV infection
Authors: Monroe AK , Zhang L , Jacobson LP , Plankey MW , Brown TT , Miller EN , Martin E , Becker JT , Levine AJ , Ragin A , Sacktor NC 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesHIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders are highly prevalent, and physical activity (PA) is a modifiable behaviour that may affect neurocognitive function. Our objective was to determine the association between PA and neurocognitive function and the effect of HIV on this association.MethodsPA was assessed in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. A neuropsychological test battery assessed global impairment and domain‐specific impairment (executive function, speed of processing, working memory, learning, memory, and motor function) every 2 years. Semiannually, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Trail Making Test Parts A and B were performed. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the PA–neurocognitive function association. Using longitudinal data, we also assessed the PA category–decline of neurocognitive function association with multivariate simple regression.ResultsOf 601 men, 44% were HIV‐infected. Low, moderate, and high PA was reported in 27%, 25%, and 48% of the HIV‐infected men vs. 19%, 32% and 49% of the HIV‐uninfected men, respectively. High PA was associated with lower odds of impairment of learning, memory, and motor function [odds ratio (OR) ranging from 0.52 to 0.57; P < 0.05 for all]. The high PA–global impairment association OR was 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39, 1.02]. Among HIV‐infected men only, across multiple domains, the high PA–impairment association was even more pronounced (OR from 0.27 to 0.49). Baseline high/moderate PA was not associated with decline of any domain score over time. HIV infection was marginally associated with a higher speed of decline in motor function.ConclusionsA protective effect of high PA on impairment in neurocognitive domains was observed cross‐sectionally. Longitudinal PA measurements are needed to elucidate the PA–neurocognitive function relationship over time.
Respiratory health status is impaired in UK HIV‐positive adults with virologically suppressed HIV infection
Authors: Brown J , McGowan JA , Chouial H , Capocci S , Smith C , Ivens D , Johnson M , Sathia L , Shah R , Lampe FC , Rodger A , Lipman M 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesWe sought to evaluate whether people living with HIV (PLWH) using effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) have worse respiratory health status than similar HIV‐negative individuals.MethodsWe recruited 197 HIV‐positive and 93 HIV‐negative adults from HIV and sexual health clinics. They completed a questionnaire regarding risk factors for respiratory illness. Respiratory health status was assessed using the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the Medical Research Council (MRC) breathlessness scale. Subjects underwent spirometry without bronchodilation.ResultsPLWH had worse respiratory health status: the median SGRQ Total score was 12 [interquartile range (IQR) 6–25] in HIV‐positive subjects vs. 6 (IQR 2–14) in HIV‐negative subjects (P < 0.001); breathlessness was common in the HIV‐positive group, where 47% compared with 24% had an MRC breathlessness score ≥ 2 (P = 0.001). Eighteen (11%) HIV‐positive and seven (9%) HIV‐negative participants had airflow obstruction. In multivariable analyses (adjusted for age, gender, smoking, body mass index and depression), HIV infection remained associated with higher SGRQ and MRC scores, with an adjusted fold‐change in SGRQ Total score of 1.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–2.09; P = 0.005] and adjusted odds ratio of having an MRC score of ≥ 2 of 2.45 (95% CI 1.15–5.20; P = 0.02). Similar findings were obtained when analyses were repeated including only HIV‐positive participants with a viral load < 40 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL.ConclusionsDespite effective ART, impaired respiratory health appears more common in HIV‐positive adults, and has a significant impact on health‐related quality of life.
“I think the middle class is disappearing”: Crisis perceptions and consumption patterns in Spain
Authors: Alonso Luis Enrique , Fernández Rodríguez Carlos J. , Ibáñez Rojo Rafael 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe aim of this article is to explore social discourses in Spain on the economic crisis under the scenario of austerity policies and cutbacks. The goal is to explore whether social perceptions have changed throughout the crisis that evolved from the collapse of the housing market bubble to a public deficit and debt problem, leading to record rates of unemployment and a dramatic decline in living standards. The long crisis has left an imprint on Spanish society and it is worthwhile exploring how Spanish citizens reflect upon the crisis. To do so, 18 focus groups were organized in two rounds (2010 and 2014) and the results of those group conversations are discussed and compared here. The analysis shows that the participants elaborated not only on reflections about the crisis and on how it has lowered their consumption levels, but also on their further views about the social structure and change. The notorious pessimism of Spaniards about their future, regardless of their class position, is highlighted in the results. A more critical narrative about the crisis seemed to emerge in 2014, leaving behind the guilt‐laden “living beyond our means” discourses that dominated in 2010.
Cutaneous manifestations of subcutaneous and systemic fungal infections in tropical regions: a retrospective study from a referral center in southern Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Wen‐Chien , Lee Chih‐Hung , Wu Wei‐Min , Lin Shang‐Hung , Yang Yi‐Chien , Cheng Yu‐Wen , Ho Ji‐Chen , Liu Kwei‐Lan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundDeep cutaneous fungal infections, including subcutaneous mycoses and systemic fungal infection with cutaneous involvement, cause significant morbidity and mortality in light of increasing immunocompromised patients and global warming. Although a few studies reviewed deep fungal infections in temperate regions, a relevant study in tropical regions is lacking. We evaluated features of deep cutaneous fungal infections in southern Taiwan among the tropical regions.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all histopathological specimens with deep cutaneous fungal infections in a single referral center from 2001 to 2014 and successfully identified 23 cases. Medical chart review revealed patient demographic data, clinical presentation, underlying disease, microbiological culture reports, and treatment outcomes.ResultsThe average patient age was 52 years. Fourteen cases had primary subcutaneous mycoses, and nine had systemic mycoses. Fifteen patients were immunocompromised, including hematological malignancies. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and long‐term steroid use were most commonly associated with deep fungal infections. The positive culture growth rate was 63%. Fonsecaea sp. was most frequently identified by tissue culture. Aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and disseminated cryptococcosis were particularly fatal.ConclusionsDiabetes and long‐term steroid use appear as major risk factors for advanced mycoses in this region. Rapid diagnosis with skin biopsy and tissue culture along with appropriate treatment of deep cutaneous fungal infection are necessary.
Two‐year‐old girl with impacted ureteral stone successfully treated with a single session of combined percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteroscopy
Authors: Sugino Teruaki , Hamamoto Shuzo , Unno Rei , Moritoki Yoshinobu , Hamakawa Takashi , Naiki Taku , Ando Ryosuke , Okada Atsushi , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: March 2017

AbstractImpacted stones frequently cause changes in the ureter, including edema of the ureteral wall, stone embedding in the ureteral mucosa or ureteral bending, which often preclude spontaneous passing of the stone and increase the risk of complications during surgery. When stone impaction is suspected preoperatively, management should be adapted accordingly. However, surgical treatment strategies remain controversial in pediatric patients because of the scarcity of cases reported. We describe the case of a 2‐year‐old girl with a right impacted ureteral stone who presented with gross hematuria and pyuria, but no metabolic risk factors or hematological abnormalities. Ureteroscopy was carried out in the presence of a percutaneous nephrostomy catheter. At the 7‐month follow up, hydronephrosis had improved from grade 3 to grade 1, and the ureter was free from residual or recurrent stones. No complications were noted. We believe that percutaneous nephrostomy before the lithotripsy facilitates treatment for impacted stones in pediatric patients.
Does digital rectal examination predict prostate volume greater than 30 mL?
Authors: Yamamoto Takanobu , Fukuta Fumimasa , Masumori Naoya 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the accuracy of digital rectal examination in estimating prostate volume in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia.MethodsA community‐based study was carried out in Japan to investigate the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. A total of 457 men were screened and deemed eligible for the present analysis. Findings on digital rectal examination were compared with prostate volume measurement by transrectal ultrasound. Five groups were identified on digital rectal examination: flat, normal, slightly enlarged, moderately enlarged and markedly enlarged.ResultsThe median age and prostate volume were 64 years and 19.7 mL, respectively. Prostate volumes for the flat, normal, slightly enlarged, moderately enlarged, and markedly enlarged groups were 16.4, 18.3, 27.0, 41.9 and 86.3 mL, respectively. There were significant differences in prostate volume between the groups. The positive predictive value was 94.1% if flat, and normal were assumed to have a prostate volume <30 mL. The value was 80.8% if moderately enlarged, and markedly enlarged were assumed to have a prostate volume ≥30 mL. Of the men in the slightly enlarged group, 61.0% had a prostate volume <30 mL.ConclusionsIt is possible to stratify prostate volume according to digital rectal examination. We could determine the prostates in the flat and normal groups to have a prostate volume <30 mL, and those in the moderately enlarged and markedly enlarged groups to have a prostate volume ≥30 mL by digital rectal examination with high accuracy. Transrectal ultrasound was required for those in the slightly enlarged group.
Nurses experiences of delivering care in acute inpatient mental health settings: A narrative synthesis of the literature
Authors: Wyder Marianne , Ehrlich Carolyn , Crompton David , McArthur Leianne , Delaforce Caroline , Dziopa Fiona , Ramon Shulamit , Powell Elizabeth 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInpatient psychiatric care requires a balance between working with consumers' priorities and goals, managing expectations of the community, legal, professional and service responsibilities. In order to improve service delivery within acute mental health units, it is important to understand the constraints and facilitating factors for good care. We conducted a systematic narrative synthesis, where findings of qualitative studies are synthesised to generate new insights. 21 articles were identified. Our results show that personal qualities, professional skills as well as environmental factors all influence the ability to provide recovery focused care. Three overarching themes which either facilitated or hindered were identified. These included: (i) Complexity of the nursing role (clinical care; practical and emotional support: advocacy and education; enforcing aspects of the Mental Health Act. and, maintaining ward safety); (ii) Constraining factors (operational barriers; change in patient characteristic; and competing understandings of care); and (iii) Facilitating factors (ward factors; nursing tools; nurse characteristics; approach to people; approach to work and ability to self‐care). We suggest that the therapeutic use of self is central to the provision of recovery oriented care. However person‐centred practice can be fragile and fluid and a compassionate system of support is needed to enable an understanding of context and self. It is critical to have a work environment which fosters hope and optimism and is supportive of autonomy, ensures workload balance, and is safe.
Quantification of the impacts of climate warming and crop management on canola phenology in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad S. , Abbas G. , Fatima Z. , Khan R. J. , Anjum M. A. , Ahmed M. , Khan M. A. , Porter C. H. , Hoogenboom G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractYield is influenced by the length of the growing season, which is affected by weather conditions and management practices of a crop, including sowing dates and shifting of cultivars. It is necessary to understand the effects of agronomic management practices and weather variables on phenological stages and crop phases in order to develop strategies for adaptation of agricultural systems to changes in climatic conditions. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of warming trends on phenology of canola from 1980 to 2014 for central and southern Punjab, Pakistan. Sowing, emergence, anthesis and physiological maturity dates were delayed by an average of 6.02, 3.14, 3.31 and 1.89 days per decade, respectively. The duration of sowing to anthesis, sowing to physiological maturity and anthesis to physiological maturity phases decreased an average 2.71, 4.13 and 1.42 days per decade, respectively, for all 10 locations that were analysed in this study. The sowing, emergence, anthesis and physiological maturity dates were positively correlated with an increase in temperature by an average 2.71, 1.41, 1.49 and 0.85 days per °C, respectively. However, the phenological phases such as sowing to anthesis, anthesis to maturity and sowing to maturity were negatively correlated with an increase in temperature by an average of 1.22, 0.64 and 1.86 days per °C, respectively, for all 10 locations. Applying a process‐based CSM‐CROPGRO‐Canola model using a standard cultivar (field tested) for all locations and years indicated that the simulated phenological stages occurred earlier due to the warming trend compared to the observed phenological stages. One‐quarter of the negative effects of this thermal trend was compensated by growing new cultivars that had higher thermal time requirements. Therefore, new canola genotypes with a higher number of growing degree day requirement and high temperature tolerance should be a priority for evolving new cultivars.
Comparison of osmotic adjustment, leaf proline concentration, canopy temperature and root depth for yield of juncea canola under terminal drought
Authors: Pandey B. R. , Burton W. A. , Salisbury P. A. , Nicolas M. E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo glasshouse and two field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to compare the relative importance of four physiological traits: osmotic adjustment (OA), leaf proline concentration, canopy temperature depression (CTD) and root depth on drought performance of canola quality B. juncea (juncea canola). Glasshouse experiments were conducted at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, and field experiments were conducted at Horsham, Victoria. The experiments used juncea canola hybrids and their parental lines and were laid out in a randomised complete block design with three replications. The glasshouse experiments consisted of two treatments, well watered and water deficit from first open flower to maturity, whereas the field experiments were sown at a site that received 266 mm annual rainfall in 2014. In the glasshouse, canopy temperature depression was the only trait to show a positive and consistent association with drought performance of juncea canola. Cooler canopy temperature was also associated with improved yield in field experiments. Root depth was positively correlated with CTD in 2014 in glasshouse, whereas no correlation of root depth with OA and leaf proline was observed. The results indicated that CTD was the only reliable trait among those tested to screen juncea canola for drought tolerance. Root depth of juncea canola hybrids was a constitutive trait and probably was a result of hybrid vigour.
A Pedagogy of the Concept: Rereading an Architectural Convention through the Philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari
Authors: Teal Randall , Loo Stephen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this article, we seek to unpack and enrich the notion of the design concept. We do this through the use of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's ‘concept’ in its philosophical specificity to critique less‐effective uses of the design concept. In particular, we investigate the idea that a concept is actually an aggregation of many concepts that can be seen to have a virtual consistency as a way to reframing more limited, typical, design concepts – used as justification, explanation, clarification or excuse. Our interest here is to explore how concepts can become much more useful throughout the process of design by drawing linkages between the concept and the workings of the creative process itself. In other words, we see the concept, parsed philosophically, as fusing with design thinking; and by taking advantage of this coupling each strengthens the other. Ultimately, we claim that a richer view of language and a more perfomative processes of making (diagramming) drive this coupling; and when it is working, the design concept becomes a much more useful instrument for designing.
Estimation of genetic parameters for functional longevity in the South African Holstein cattle using a piecewise Weibull proportional hazards model
Authors: Imbayarwo‐Chikosi V.E. , Ducrocq V. , Banga C.B. , Halimani T.E. , van Wyk J.B. , Maiwashe A. , Dzama K. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryNon‐genetic factors influencing functional longevity and the heritability of the trait were estimated in South African Holsteins using a piecewise Weibull proportional hazards model. Data consisted of records of 161,222 of daughters of 2,051 sires calving between 1995 and 2013. The reference model included fixed time‐independent age at first calving and time‐dependent interactions involving lactation number, region, season and age of calving, within‐herd class of milk production, fat and protein content, class of annual variation in herd size and the random herd–year effect. Random sire and maternal grandsire effects were added to the model to estimate genetic parameters. The within‐lactation Weibull baseline hazards were assumed to change at 0, 270, 380 days and at drying date. Within‐herd milk production class had the largest contribution to the relative risk of culling. Relative culling risk increased with lower protein and fat per cent production classes and late age at first calving. Cows in large shrinking herds also had high relative risk of culling. The estimate of the sire genetic variance was 0.0472 ± 0.0017 giving a theoretical heritability estimate of 0.11 in the complete absence of censoring. Genetic trends indicated an overall decrease in functional longevity of 0.014 standard deviation from 1995 to 2007. There are opportunities for including the trait in the breeding objective for South African Holstein cattle.