bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ СУДИННОГО КОМПОНЕНТА ХОРІОНА ПРИ НЕВИНОШУВАННІ В І ТРИМЕСТРІ ГЕСТАЦІЇ.
Authors: Kravchenko O. V. , Pecheryaha S. V. 
Published: March 2016

<p>Вивчені особливості формування судинного компонента хоріона за допомогою тривимірного ультразвукового дослідження у ЗО пацієнток з невиношуванням та ЗО вагітних з неускладненим перебігом гестації в І триместрі. Встановлено, що об'єм порожнини плідного яйця та об'єм хоріона були достовірно меншими при невиношуванні вагітності, індекс васкуляризації також був у З рази нижчим у даній групі, порівняно з контролем.<br /><br /></p>
ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ПАТОГЕНЕЗУ РОЗЛАДІВ МЕНСТРУАЛЬНОЇ ФУНКЦІЇ ПРИ ХРОНІЧНИХ ГЕПАТИТАХ (ХГ).
Authors: Lymar L. Ye. , Lymar N. A. 
Published: March 2016

<p> Проблема розладів менструальної функції впродовж тривалого часу турбує науковий світ. Розлади менструальної функції часто зустрічаються у жінок з екстрагенітальними захворюваннями, тому нас зацікавило поглиблене вивчення ланок патогенезу цієї патології. В наш час значною мірою зростає захворюваність на хронічні гепатити (ХГ). Оскільки печінка відіграє визначальну роль у метаболізмі гормонів в організмі жінки, вивчення їх рівня при вказаній патології видається дуже важливим. Нами проведена експериментальна частина роботи, а саме: змодельований токсичний гепатит у статевозрілих самиць білих щурів, вивчені результати морфологічних змін у<br />гіпофізі, яєчниках, матці, печінці, а також результати гормональних та біохімічних досліджень у піддослідних тварин. Вивчені результати клінічних, ехографічних, ендокринологічних, імунологічних досліджень у жінок з<br />розладами менструальної функції на тлі ХГ. Обстежено 68 жінок репродуктивного віку з розладами менструальної функції, які хворіють на хронічні гепатити.<br /><br /></p>
ДІАГНОСТИЧНІ МАРКЕРИ ЕНДОКРИННОГО БЕЗПЛІДДЯ.
Authors: Petrenko N. V. 
Published: March 2016

<p> Галакторея є клінічним маркером гормональної ендокринної гіпофізарної дисфункції при нейроендокринних порушеннях, а визначення характеру секрету з молочних залоз - простим і доступним критерієм діагностики явної чи прихованої (латентної) гіперпролактинемії. Пригнічуючий вплив на репродуктивну систему має підвищений рівень біологічно активної' фракції' пролактину.<br /><br /></p>
Individualized Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme (ACE)‐Inhibitor Therapy in Stable Coronary Artery Disease Based on Clinical and Pharmacogenetic Determinants: The PERindopril GENEtic (PERGENE) Risk Model
Authors: Oemrawsingh Rohit M. , Akkerhuis K. Martijn , Van Vark Laura C. , Redekop W. Ken , Rudez Goran , Remme Willem J. , Bertrand Michel E. , Fox Kim M. , Ferrari Roberto , Danser A.H. Jan , de Maat Moniek , Simoons Maarten L. , Brugts Jasper J. , Boersma Eric ,   the PERGENE investigators
Published: March 2016

Background

Patients with stable coronary artery disease (
CAD
) constitute a heterogeneous group in which the treatment benefits by angiotensin‐converting enzyme (
ACE
)‐inhibitor therapy vary between individuals. Our objective was to integrate clinical and pharmacogenetic determinants in an ultimate combined risk prediction model.

Methods and Results

Clinical, genetic, and outcomes data were used from 8726 stable
CAD
patients participating in the
EUROPA
/
PERGENE
trial of perindopril versus placebo. Multivariable analysis of phenotype data resulted in a clinical risk score (range, 0–21 points). Three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (rs275651 and rs5182 in the angiotensin‐
II
type I‐receptor gene and rs12050217 in the bradykinin type I‐receptor gene) were used to construct a pharmacogenetic risk score (
PGX
score; range, 0–6 points). Seven hundred eighty‐five patients (9.0%) experienced the primary endpoint of cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction or resuscitated cardiac arrest, during 4.2 years of follow‐up. Absolute risk reductions ranged from 1.2% to 7.5% in the 73.5% of patients with
PGX
score of 0 to 2. As a consequence, estimated annual numbers needed to treat ranged from as low as 29 (clinical risk score ≥10 and
PGX
score of 0) to 521 (clinical risk score ≤6 and
PGX
score of 2). Furthermore, our data suggest that long‐term perindopril prescription in patients with a
PGX
score of 0 to 2 is cost‐effective.

Conclusions

Both baseline clinical phenotype, as well as genotype determine the efficacy of widely prescribed
ACE
inhibition in stable
CAD
. Integration of clinical and pharmacogenetic determinants in a combined risk prediction model demonstrated a very wide range of gradients of absolute treatment benefit.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Derived Renal Oxygenation and Perfusion During Continuous, Steady‐State Angiotensin‐II Infusion in Healthy Humans
Authors: van der Bel René , Coolen Bram F. , Nederveen Aart J. , Potters Wouter V. , Verberne Hein J. , Vogt Liffert , Stroes Erik S. G. , Krediet C. T. Paul 
Published: March 2016

Background

The role of kidney hypoxia is considered pivotal in the progression of chronic kidney disease. A widely used method to assess kidney oxygenation is blood oxygen level dependent (
BOLD
)–magnetic resonance imaging (
MRI
), but its interpretation remains problematic. The
BOLD
‐
MRI
signal is the result of kidney oxygen consumption (a proxy of glomerular filtration) and supply (ie, glomerular perfusion). Therefore, we hypothesized that with pharmacological modulation of kidney blood flow, renal oxygenation, as assessed by
BOLD
‐
MRI
, correlates to filtration fraction (ie, glomerular filtration rate/effective renal plasma flow) in healthy humans.

Methods and Results

Eight healthy volunteers were subjected to continuous angiotensin‐
II
infusion at 0.3, 0.9, and 3.0 ng/kg per minute. At each dose, renal oxygenation and blood flow were assessed using
BOLD
and phase‐contrast
MRI
. Subsequently, “gold standard” glomerular filtration rate/effective renal plasma flow measurements were performed under the same conditions. Renal plasma flow decreased dose dependently from 660±146 to 467±103 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
(F[3, 21]=33.3,
P
<0.001). Glomerular filtration rate decreased from 121±23 to 110±18 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
(F[1.8, 2.4]=6.4,
P
=0.013). Cortical transverse relaxation rate (R2*; increases in R2* represent decreases in oxygenation) increased by 7.2±3.8% (F[3, 21]=7.37,
P
=0.001); medullar R2* did not change. Cortical R2* related to filtration fraction (
R
2
0.46,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

By direct comparison between “gold standard” kidney function measurements and
BOLD MRI
, we showed that cortical oxygenation measured by
BOLD MRI
relates poorly to glomerular filtration rate but is associated with filtration fraction. For future studies, there may be a need to include renal plasma flow measurements when employing renal
BOLD
‐
MRI
.
Typification of the Linnaean name Centaurea sibirica (Asteraceae)
Authors: ALTINORDU FAHIM 
Published: March 2016

Centaurea Linnaeus (1753: 909) (Asteraceae) comprises a large number of taxa mainly occurring in the Mediterranean region and southwest Asia (Susanna & Garcia-Jacas 2007). The former wide concept of Centaurea resulted in a polyphyletic assemblage, and it has been recently split into several putatively monophyletic genera Centaurea, Psephellus Cass. and Rhaponticoides Vaill. (Wagenitz & Hellwig 2000; Greuter 2003; Hellwig 2004; Susanna & Garcia-Jacas 2007, 2009). Centaurea sibirica Linnaeus (1753: 913) is spreading from S Russia to W Siberia and Central Asia (Wagenitz & Hellwig 2000), it is one of the species of sixty-nine names in Centaurea described by Linnaeus and is currently accepted as Psephellus sibiricus (L.) Wagenitz (Wagenitz & Hellwig 2000: 37). However, from a nomenclatural standpoint, Centaurea sibirica has not been typified (Jarvis 2007, Ferrer-Gallego et al. 2014a, 2014b, 2014c, Altınordu & Ferrer-Gallego 2015, Ferrer-Gallego & Altınordu 2016, Iamonico & Peruzzi 2016). This paper designates a lectotype for C. sibirica based on the protologue and consultation of Linnaeus’s original material.
Taxonomy of intertidal cheilostome Bryozoa of Maceió, northeastern Brazil. Part 1: Suborders Inovicellina, Malacostegina and Thalamoporellina
Authors: VIEIRA LEANDRO M. , ALMEIDA ANA C.S. , WINSTON JUDITH E. 
Published: March 2016

Thirteen cheilostome bryozoan species from intertidal habitats of Maceió, Alagoas State, Brazil, are reported here. We describe four new species: Aetea cultrata n. sp., Biflustra marcusi n. sp., Biflustra sphinx n. sp. and Jellyella brasiliensis n. sp. Two other species of Inovicellina, Aetea arcuata Winston & Hayward, 2012, and Aetea curta Jullien, 1888, and four species of Malacostegina, Arbocuspis bellula (Hincks, 1881), Arbocuspis bicornis (Hincks, 1881), Arbocuspis ramosa (Osburn, 1940), and Jellyella tuberculata (Bosc, 1802), are reported on drift algae. Three species of Thalamoporellina are found for the first time in Maceió, Labioporella tuberculata Winston, Vieira & Woollacoot, 2014, Steginoporella magnilabris (Busk, 1854) and Thalamoporella floridana Osburn, 1940.
Vertical Profiles of Radar Reflectivity Factor in Intense Convective Clouds in the Tropics
Authors: Kumar Shailendra , Bhat G. S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study is based on the analysis of 10 years of data for radar reflectivity factor Ze as derived from the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) measurements. The vertical structure of active convective clouds at the PR pixel scale has been extracted by defining two types of convective cells. The first one is cumulonimbus tower (CbT), which contains Ze ≥ 20 dBZ at 12-km altitude and is at least 9 km deep. The other is intense convective cloud (ICC), which belongs to the top 5% of the population of the Ze distribution at a prescribed reference height. Here two reference heights (3 and 8 km) have been chosen. Regional differences in the vertical structure of convective cells have been explored by considering 16 locations distributed across the tropics and two locations in the subtropics. The choice of oceanic locations is based on the sea surface temperature; that of the land locations is based on propensity for intense convection. One of the main findings of the study is the close similarity in the average vertical profiles of CbTs and ICCs in the mid- and lower troposphere across the ocean basins whereas differences over land areas are larger and depend on the selected reference height. The foothills of the western Himalaya, southeastern South America, and the Indo-Gangetic Plain contain the most intense CbTs; equatorial Africa, the foothills of the western Himalaya, and equatorial South America contain the most intense ICCs. Close similarity among the oceanic profiles suggests that the development of vigorous convective cells over warm oceans is similar and that understanding gained in one region is extendable to other areas.
Variational Bias Correction of GNSS ZTD in the HARMONIE Modeling System
Authors: Arriola Jana Sánchez , Lindskog Magnus , Thorsteinsson Sigurdur , Bojarova Jelena 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTo fill the gap in the observation system for humidity, the HIRLAM–ALADIN Research on Mesoscale Operational NWP in Euromed (HARMONIE) limited-area high-resolution kilometer-scale model has been prepared for assimilation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) zenith total delay (ZTD) observations. The observation-processing system includes data selection, bias correction, quality control, and a GNSS observation operator for data assimilation. A large part of the bias between observations and model equivalents comes from the relatively low model top used in the HARMONIE experiments. The functionality of the different observation-processing components was investigated in detail as was the overall performance of the GNSS ZTD data assimilation. This paper contains an extensive description of the GNSS ZTD observation-processing system and a comparison of a newly introduced variational bias correction for GNSS ZTD data with an alternative static bias correction, as well as a detailed analysis of the impact of GNSS ZTD data, both in terms of statistical evaluations over a longer period and in terms of individual case studies. Assimilation of the GNSS ZTD observations with a variational bias correction has improved the quality of short-range weather forecasts for the moisture-related parameters in particular, both in a statistical sense and in individual case studies. The paper also discusses further improvements in the HARMONIE variational data-assimilation system that are needed to fully utilize the potential of high-resolution GNSS ZTD observations.
Coupled Fire–Atmosphere Simulations of the Rocky River Fire Using WRF-SFIRE
Authors: Peace Mika , Mattner Trent , Mills Graham , Kepert Jeffrey , McCaw Lachlan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe coupled atmosphere–fire spread model “WRF-SFIRE” has been used to simulate a fire where extreme fire behavior was observed. Tall flames and a dense convective smoke column were features of the fire as it burned rapidly up the Rocky River gully on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. WRF-SFIRE simulations of the event show a number of interesting dynamical processes resulting from fire–atmosphere feedback, including the following: fire spread was sensitive to small changes in mean wind direction; fire perimeter was affected by wind convergence resulting from interactions between the fire, atmosphere, and local topography; and the fire plume mixed high-momentum air from above a strong subsidence inversion. At 1-min intervals, output from the simulations showed fire spread exhibiting fast and slow pulses. These pulses occurred coincident with the passage of mesoscale convective (Rayleigh–Bénard) cells in the planetary boundary layer. Simulations show that feedback between the fire and atmosphere may have contributed to the observed extreme fire behavior. The findings raise questions as to the appropriate information to include in meteorological forecasts for fires as well as future use of coupled and uncoupled fire simulation models in both operational and research settings.
Terral de Vicuña, a Foehnlike Wind in Semiarid Northern Chile: Meteorological Aspects and Implications for the Fulfillment of Chill Requirements in Deciduous Fruit Trees
Authors: Montes Carlo , Rutllant José A. , Aguirre Anita , Bascuñán-Godoy Luisa , Juliá Cristóbal 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTheterral de Vicuñais a warm and dry wind that flows down the Elqui Valley in north-central Chile typically at dawn and early morning. Given that most terral episodes occur in austral winter when chill accumulation by deciduous fruit trees proceeds, negative effects on agriculture may be expected. During 11 (2004–14) winters a meteorological characterization of terral winds and the assessment of their impact on chill accumulation, by the modified Utah Model and the Dynamic Model, were performed. Within this period, 67 terral days (TD) were identified as those in which nighttime to early morning wind direction and speed, air temperature, and relative humidity reached defined thresholds on an hourly basis (terral hours). Most frequent TD featured 6–9 consecutive terral hours; duration is considered here as a proxy for their intensity. Synoptic-scale meteorological analysis shows that 65% of moderate and strong terral events develop as a cold, migratory anticyclone drifts poleward of the study area, coinciding with the onset of a midtropospheric ridge over central Chile, bringing southwest winds on top of the Andes (~500-hPa level). The remaining 35% are either associated with 500-hPa easterlies (foehn like), with prefrontal conditions ahead of a trough driving northwest 500-hPa winds, or with transitional 500-hPa westerlies. Assessments of chill accumulation during TD show that, although present average and cold winter conditions do not represent a major TD hazard to local agriculture, lower chill accumulation associated with anomalously high nocturnal temperatures could be significantly more important during present and future warmer winters.
Reasons for the Extremely High-Ranging Planetary Boundary Layer over the Western Tibetan Plateau in Winter
Authors: Chen Xuelong , Škerlak Bojan , Rotach Mathias W. , Añel Juan A. , Su Zhonbgo , Ma Yaoming , Li Maoshan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The planetary boundary layer (PBL) over the Tibetan Plateau (with a mean elevation about 4 km above sea level) reaches an unmatched height of 9515 m above sea level. The proximity of this height to the tropopause facilitates an exchange between the stratosphere and the boundary layer. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this unique PBL have remained uncertain. Here, the authors explore these mechanisms and their relative importance using measurements of the PBL, the associated surface fluxes, and single-column and regional numerical simulations, as well as global reanalysis data. Results indicate that the dry conditions of both ground soil and atmosphere in late winter cannot explain the special PBL alone. Rather, the results from a single-column model demonstrate the key influence of the stability of the free atmosphere upon the growth of extremely deep PBLs over the Tibetan Plateau. Simulations with the numerical weather prediction model Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling (COSMO) exhibit good correspondence with the observed mean PBL structure and realistic turbulent kinetic energy distributions throughout the PBL. Using ERA-Interim, the authors furthermore find that weak atmospheric stability and the resultant deep PBLs are associated with higher upper-level potential vorticity (PV) values, which in turn correspond to a more southerly jet position and higher wind speeds. Upper-level PV structures and jet position thus influence the PBL development over the Tibetan Plateau.
High-Resolution Climate Simulations Using GFDL HiRAM with a Stretched Global Grid
Authors: Harris Lucas M. , Lin Shian-Jiann , Tu ChiaYing 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
An analytic Schmidt transformation is used to create locally refined global model grids capable of efficient climate simulation with gridcell widths as small as 10 km in the GFDL High-Resolution Atmosphere Model (HiRAM). This method of grid stretching produces a grid that varies very gradually into the region of enhanced resolution without changing the topology of the model grid and does not require radical changes to the solver. AMIP integrations were carried out with two grids stretched to 10-km minimum gridcell width: one centered over East Asia and the western Pacific warm pool, and the other over the continental United States. Robust improvements to orographic precipitation, the diurnal cycle of warm-season continental precipitation, and tropical cyclone maximum intensity were found in the region of enhanced resolution, compared to 25-km uniform-resolution HiRAM. The variations in grid size were not found to create apparent grid artifacts, and in some measures the global-mean climate improved in the stretched-grid simulations. In the enhanced-resolution regions, the number of tropical cyclones was reduced, but the fraction of storms reaching hurricane intensity increased, compared to a uniform-resolution simulation. This behavior was also found in a stretched-grid perpetual-September aquaplanet simulation with 12-km resolution over a part of the tropics. Furthermore, the stretched-grid aquaplanet simulation was also largely free of grid artifacts except for an artificial Walker-type circulation, and simulated an ITCZ in its unrefined region more resembling that of higher-resolution aquaplanet simulations, implying that the unrefined region may also be improved in stretched-grid simulations. The improvements due to stretching are attributable to improved resolution as these stretched-grid simulations were sparingly tuned.
Seasonal Atmospheric Responses to Reduced Arctic Sea Ice in an Ensemble of Coupled Model Simulations
Authors: Semmler Tido , Stulic Lukrecia , Jung Thomas , Tilinina Natalia , Campos Camila , Gulev Sergey , Koracin Darko 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Arctic sea ice decline is expected to continue throughout the twenty-first century as a result of increased greenhouse gas concentrations. Here we investigate the impact of a strong Arctic sea ice decline on the atmospheric circulation and low pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere through numerical experimentation with a coupled climate model. More specifically, a large ensemble of 1-yr-long integrations, initialized on 1 June with Arctic sea ice thickness artificially reduced by 80%, is compared to corresponding unperturbed control experiments. The sensitivity experiment shows an ice-free Arctic from July to October; during autumn the largest near-surface temperature increase of about 15 K is found in the central Arctic, which goes along with a reduced meridional temperature gradient, a decreased jet stream, and a southward shifted Northern Hemisphere storm track; and the near-surface temperature response in winter and spring reduces substantially due to relatively fast sea ice growth during the freezing season. Changes in the maximum Eady growth rate are generally below 5% and hardly significant, with reduced vertical wind shear and reduced vertical stability counteracting each other. The reduced vertical wind shear manifests itself in a decrease of synoptic activity by up to 10% and shallower cyclones while the reduced vertical stability along with stronger diabatic heating due to more available moisture may be responsible for the stronger deepening rates and thus faster cyclone development once a cyclone starts to form. Furthermore, precipitation minus evaporation decreases over the Arctic because the increase in evaporation outweighs that for precipitation, with implications for the ocean stratification and hence ocean circulation.
Role of the Indochina Peninsula Narrow Mountains in Modulating the East Asian–Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon
Authors: Wu Chi-Hua , Hsu Huang-Hsiung 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Unrealistic topographic effects are generally incorporated in global climate simulations and may contribute significantly to model biases in the Asian monsoon region. By artificially implementing the Arakan Yoma and Annamese Cordillera—two south–north-oriented high mountain ranges on the coasts of the Indochina Peninsula—in a 1° global climate model, it is demonstrated that the proper representation of mesoscale topography over the Indochina Peninsula is crucial for realistically simulating the seasonality of the East Asian–western North Pacific (EAWNP) summer monsoon.
Presence of the Arakan Yoma and Annamese Cordillera helps simulate the vertical coupling of atmospheric circulation over the mountain regions. In late May, the existence of the Arakan Yoma enhances the vertically deep southwesterly flow originating from the trough over the Bay of Bengal. The ascending southwesterly flow converges with the midlatitude jet stream downstream in the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau and transports moisture across the Indochina Peninsula to East Asia. The existence of the Annamese Cordillera helps the northward lower-tropospheric moisture transport over the South China Sea into the mei-yu–baiu system, and the leeside troughing effect of the mountains likely contributes to the enhancement of the subtropical high to the east. Moreover, the eastward propagation of wave energy from central Asia to the EAWNP suggests a dynamical connection between the midlatitude westerly perturbation and mei-yu–baiu. Including the Annamese Cordillera also strengthens a Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern–like perturbation in late July by enhancing the cyclonic circulation (i.e., monsoon trough) in the lower-tropospheric western North Pacific. This suggests the contribution of the mountain effects to the intrinsic variability of the summer monsoon in the EAWNP.