bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational transmission of sociality: the role of parents in shaping social behavior in monogamous and non-monogamous species
Authors: Perkeybile Allison M. , Bales Karen L. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Social bonds are necessary for many mammals to survive and reproduce successfully. These bonds (i.e. pair-bonds, friendships, filial bonds) are characterized by different periods of development, longevity and strength. Socially monogamous species display certain behaviors not seen in many other mammals, such as adult pair-bonding and male parenting. In our studies of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus), we have examined the neurohormonal basis of these bonds. Here, we discuss the evidence from voles that aspects of adolescent and adult social behavior are shaped by early experience, including changes to sensory systems and connections, neuropeptide systems such as oxytocin and vasopressin, and alterations in stress responses. We will compare this with what is known about these processes during development and adulthood in other mammalian species, both monogamous and non-monogamous, and how our current knowledge in voles can be used to understand the development of and variation in social bonds. Humans are endlessly fascinated by the variety of social relationships and family types displayed by animal species, including our own. Social relationships can be characterized by directionality (either uni- or bi-directional), longevity, developmental epoch (infant, juvenile or adult) and strength. Research on the neurobiology of social bonds in animals has focused primarily on ‘socially monogamous’ species, because of their long-term, strong adult affiliative bonds. In this Review, we attempt to understand how the ability and propensity to form these bonds (or lack thereof), as well as the display of social behaviors more generally, are transmitted both genomically and non-genomically via variation in parenting in monogamous and non-monogamous species.
Machine vision methods for analyzing social interactions
Authors: Robie Alice A. , Seagraves Kelly M. , Egnor S. E. Roian , Branson Kristin 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Recent developments in machine vision methods for automatic, quantitative analysis of social behavior have immensely improved both the scale and level of resolution with which we can dissect interactions between members of the same species. In this paper, we review these methods, with a particular focus on how biologists can apply them to their own work. We discuss several components of machine vision-based analyses: methods to record high-quality video for automated analyses, video-based tracking algorithms for estimating the positions of interacting animals, and machine learning methods for recognizing patterns of interactions. These methods are extremely general in their applicability, and we review a subset of successful applications of them to biological questions in several model systems with very different types of social behaviors.
Cognitive skills and the evolution of social systems
Authors: Fernald Russell D. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTHow do animal social skills influence evolution? Complex animal social behaviors require many cognitive skills including individual recognition and observational learning. For social systems to evolve, these abilities need to be transmitted genetically or culturally and supported by the evolution of underlying neural systems. Because animal skill sets are so varied, it seems best to describe animal cognitive behaviors as being a social calculus that can change with experience, which has evolved to match and facilitate the complexity of the social system where it arose. That is, acquiring and using social information in response to a rapidly changing complex world leads to social competence enabling success in essential behavioral interactions. Here, we describe the remarkable suite of social skills discovered in the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, including an attention hierarchy, male deception, transitive inference, the mechanistic bases of social dominance, female mate choice and the neural control of female reproductive behavior. The social calculus of this species is presented as an example of a potential causal factor in the evolution of sophisticated social behavior necessary for the evolutionary success of their social system.
Evolution of the asexual queen succession system and its underlying mechanisms in termites
Authors: Matsuura Kenji 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTOne major advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is its promotion of genetic variation, although it reduces the genetic contribution to offspring. Queens of social insects double their contribution to the gene pool, while overuse of asexual reproduction may reduce the ability of the colony to adapt to environmental stress because of the loss of genetic diversity. Recent studies have revealed that queens of some termite species can solve this tradeoff by using parthenogenesis to produce the next generation of queens and sexual reproduction to produce other colony members. This reproductive system, known as asexual queen succession (AQS), has been identified in the subterranean termites Reticulitermes speratus, Reticulitermes virginicus and Reticulitermes lucifugus and in the Neotropical higher termites Embiratermes neotenicus and Cavitermes tuberosus. The studies presented here have uncovered the unusual modes of reproduction in termites and have aimed to identify their underlying mechanisms. The study of AQS, the mixed use of sexual and asexual reproduction, is of fundamental importance as it may provide a key to solve the evolutionary paradox of sex.
How social learning adds up to a culture: from birdsong to human public opinion
Authors: Tchernichovski Ofer , Feher Olga , Fimiarz Daniel , Conley Dalton 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTDistributed social learning may occur at many temporal and spatial scales, but it rarely adds up to a stable culture. Cultures vary in stability and diversity (polymorphism), ranging from chaotic or drifting cultures, through cumulative polymorphic cultures, to stable monolithic cultures with high conformity levels. What features can sustain polymorphism, preventing cultures from collapsing into either chaotic or highly conforming states? We investigate this question by integrating studies across two quite separate disciplines: the emergence of song cultures in birds, and the spread of public opinion and social conventions in humans. In songbirds, the learning process has been studied in great detail, while in human studies the structure of social networks has been experimentally manipulated on large scales. In both cases, the manner in which communication signals are compressed and filtered – either during learning or while traveling through the social network – can affect culture polymorphism and stability. We suggest a simple mechanism of a shifting balance between converging and diverging social forces to explain these effects. Understanding social forces that shape cultural evolution might be useful for designing agile communication systems, which are stable and polymorphic enough to promote gradual changes in institutional behavior.
Individual versus collective cognition in social insects
Authors: Feinerman Ofer , Korman Amos 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe concerted responses of eusocial insects to environmental stimuli are often referred to as collective cognition at the level of the colony. To achieve collective cognition, a group can draw on two different sources: individual cognition and the connectivity between individuals. Computation in neural networks, for example, is attributed more to sophisticated communication schemes than to the complexity of individual neurons. The case of social insects, however, can be expected to differ. This is because individual insects are cognitively capable units that are often able to process information that is directly relevant at the level of the colony. Furthermore, involved communication patterns seem difficult to implement in a group of insects as they lack a clear network structure. This review discusses links between the cognition of an individual insect and that of the colony. We provide examples for collective cognition whose sources span the full spectrum between amplification of individual insect cognition and emergent group-level processes.
Caste development and evolution in ants: it's all about size
Authors: Trible Waring , Kronauer Daniel J. C. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Female ants display a wide variety of morphological castes, including workers, soldiers, ergatoid (worker-like) queens and queens. Alternative caste development within a species arises from a variable array of genetic and environmental factors. Castes themselves are also variable across species and have been repeatedly gained and lost throughout the evolutionary history of ants. Here, we propose a simple theory of caste development and evolution. We propose that female morphology varies as a function of size, such that larger individuals possess more queen-like traits. Thus, the diverse mechanisms that influence caste development are simply mechanisms that affect size in ants. Each caste-associated trait has a unique relationship with size, producing a phenotypic space that permits some combinations of worker- and queen-like traits, but not others. We propose that castes are gained and lost by modifying the regions of this phenotypic space that are realized within a species. These modifications can result from changing the size–frequency distribution of individuals within a species, or by changing the association of tissue growth and size. We hope this synthesis will help unify the literature on caste in ants, and facilitate the discovery of molecular mechanisms underlying caste development and evolution.
Genetic conflicts: the usual suspects and beyond
Authors: McLaughlin Richard N. , Malik Harmit S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTSelfishness is pervasive and manifests at all scales of biology, from societies, to individuals, to genetic elements within a genome. The relentless struggle to seek evolutionary advantages drives perpetual cycles of adaptation and counter-adaptation, commonly referred to as Red Queen interactions. In this review, we explore insights gleaned from molecular and genetic studies of such genetic conflicts, both extrinsic (between genomes) and intrinsic (within genomes or cells). We argue that many different characteristics of selfish genetic elements can be distilled into two types of advantages: an over-replication advantage (e.g. mobile genetic elements in genomes) and a transmission distortion advantage (e.g. meiotic drivers in populations). These two general categories may help classify disparate types of selfish genetic elements.
Assessment of chest CT at CTDIvol less than 1 mGy with iterative reconstruction techniques
Authors: Padole Atul , Digumarthy Subba , Flores Efren , Madan Rachna , Mishra Shelly , Sharma Amita , Kalra Mannudeep K 
Published: January 2017

Objective:
To assess the image quality of chest CT reconstructed with image-based iterative reconstruction (SafeCT; MedicVision®, Tirat Carmel, Israel), adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR; GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) and model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR; GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) techniques at CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) &lt;1 mGy.

Methods:
In an institutional review board-approved study, 25 patients gave written informed consent for acquisition of three reduced dose (0.25-, 0.4- and 0.8-mGy) chest CT after standard of care CT (8 mGy) on a 64-channel multidetector CT (MDCT) and reconstructed with SafeCT, ASIR and MBIR. Two board-certified thoracic radiologists evaluated images from the lowest to the highest dose of the reduced dose CT series and subsequently for standard of care CT.

Results:
Out of the 182 detected lesions, the missed lesions were 35 at 0.25, 24 at 0.4 and 9 at 0.8 mGy with SafeCT, ASIR and MBIR, respectively. The most missed lesions were non-calcified lung nodules (NCLNs) 25/112 (&lt;5 mm) at 0.25, 18/112 (&lt;5 mm) at 0.4 and 3/112 (&lt;4 mm) at 0.8 mGy. There were 78%, 84% and 97% lung nodules detected at 0.25, 0.4 and 0.8 mGy, respectively regardless of iterative reconstruction techniques (IRTs), Most mediastinum structures were not sufficiently seen at 0.25–0.8 mGy.

Conclusion:
NCLNs can be missed in chest CT at CTDIvol of &lt;1 mGy (0.25, 0.4 and 0.8 mGy) regardless of IRTs. The most lung nodules (97%) were detected at CTDIvol of 0.8 mGy. The most mediastinum structures were not sufficiently seen at 0.25–0.8 mGy.

Advances in knowledge:
NCLNs can be missed regardless of IRTs in chest CT at CTDIvol of &lt;1 mGy. The performance of ASIR, SafeCT and MBIR was similar for lung nodule detection at 0.25, 0.4 and 0.8 mGy.
Supporting evidence-based analysis for modified risk tobacco products through a toxicology data-sharing infrastructure
Authors: Boué Stéphanie , Exner Thomas , Ghosh Samik , Belcastro Vincenzo , Dokler Joh , Page David , Boda Akash , Bonjour Filipe , Hardy Barry , Vanscheeuwijck Patrick , Hoeng Julia , Peitsch Manuel 
Published: January 2017

The US FDA defines modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) as products that aim to reduce harm or the risk of tobacco-related disease associated with commercially marketed tobacco products. Establishing a product’s potential as an MRTP requires scientific substantiation including toxicity studies and measures of disease risk relative to those of cigarette smoking. Best practices encourage verification of the data from such studies through sharing and open standards. Building on the experience gained from the OpenTox project, a proof-of-concept database and website (INTERVALS) has been developed to share results from both in vivo inhalation studies and in vitro studies conducted by Philip Morris International R&D to assess candidate MRTPs. As datasets are often generated by diverse methods and standards, they need to be traceable, curated, and the methods used well described so that knowledge can be gained using data science principles and tools. The data-management framework described here accounts for the latest standards of data sharing and research reproducibility. Curated data and methods descriptions have been prepared in ISA-Tab format and stored in a database accessible via a search portal on the INTERVALS website. The portal allows users to browse the data by study or mechanism (e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress) and obtain information relevant to study design, methods, and the most important results. Given the successful development of the initial infrastructure, the goal is to grow this initiative and establish a public repository for 21st-century preclinical systems toxicology MRTP assessment data and results that supports open data principles.
Hidden Skewness: On the Difficulty of Multiplicative Compounding Under Random Shocks
Authors: Ensthaler Ludwig , Nottmeyer Olga , Weizsäcker Georg , Zankiewicz Christian 
Published: January 2017

Multiplicative growth processes that are subject to random shocks often have an asymmetric distribution of outcomes. In a series of incentivized laboratory experiments, we show that a large majority of participants either strongly underestimate the asymmetry or ignore it completely. Participants misperceive the spread of the outcome distribution to be too narrowband, and they estimate the median and the mode to lie too close to the center of the distribution, failing to account for the compound nature of average growth. The observed biases are measured irrespective to risk preferences and they appear under a variety of conditions. The biases are largely consistent with a behavioral model in which geometric growth is confused with linear growth. This confusion is a possible driver of investors’ difficulties with real-world financial products like leveraged exchange-traded funds and retirement savings plans. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2618 . This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, behavioral economics.
Cry Wolf or Equivocate? Credible Forecast Guidance in a Cost-Loss Game
Authors: Bolton Gary E. , Katok Elena 
Published: January 2017

What is the most credible way to convey the risk in expert forecasts to the nonexpert decision makers who use the forecast? We test two ways to communicate this information: provide an unequivocal recommendation or equivocate by providing the probability of the uncertain event of interest. We use a simple game in which human subjects (the forecast users) decide whether to take a risk of a loss or pay a cost to avoid the risk. We find that the influence of forecast information differs depending on whether the information implies that the decision maker should take the status quo action, the preforecast optimal action, or the siren action, optimal only if the period-by-period forecast implies it. Unequivocal recommendations are more successful at inducing the status quo action. Equivocating by providing probabilities is more successful at inducing the siren action. Unequivocal recommendations to take the siren action are less effective because the false certainty makes them more vulnerable to the “cry wolf” effect. A forecast that combines probabilities with recommendations captures most of the gains of the separate approaches. A follow-up study examines whether an explanation of how risk quantities inform recommendations can substitute for providing the risk quantities in the forecast. The study finds little evidence in support of this proposition. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2645 . This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
A Compact Coplanar Waveguide (CPW)-Fed Zeroth-Order Resonant Filter for Bandpass Applications
Authors: Choudhary Dilip Kumar , Chaudhary Raghvendra Kumar 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA new CPW-fed bandpass filter based on zeroth order resonant (ZOR) technique is presented in this paper. Proposed filter structure is designed on a CPW single layer where via is not required, hence reduces fabrication complexity. The property of metamaterial of ZOR has been utilized to reduce the filter size. The proposed structure is symmetrically CPW-fed and contains tuning-fork stub, which connects patch to CPW ground plane. The metamaterial properties are characterized by plotting dispersion diagram of proposed structure. The experimental result of proposed filter design shows an insertion loss of 0.51 dB, return loss of 22.5 dB with fractional bandwidth 61.5 % at centre frequency 2.60 GHz. The size of the filter is 0.45 λg×0.36 λg (λg is the guided wavelength at centre frequency).
New chromophores based on combination of ethylenedioxythiophene and carbazole fragments: synthesis and optoelectronic properties
Authors: Bakiev A.N. , Mayorova O.A. , Gorbunov A.A. , Lunegov I.V. , Shklyaeva E.V. , Abashev G.G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTwo new D-π-A chromophores composed of an electron-donating carbazole unit linked through π- bridges, bearing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) moiety, with an electron withdrawing dicyanovinyl group (DCV) were successfully synthesized involving Suzuki or Heck cross-coupling and Knöevenagel reactions as the key steps. The obtained compounds absorb light over a broad spectral range, including the visible spectrum. The HOMO/LUMO energies and band gap energy values (Eg) were calculated on the basis of the experimental optical and electrochemical data: HOMO, LUMO, Eg (eV), −5.51, −3.14, 2.37 (4), −5.34, −3.14, 2.20 (7). The presence of the HC=CH unit in compound 7 resulted in the increase of the HOMO energy level, the decrease of a band gap value and red shifts of the absorption and emission bands in comparison with those of 4. Large Stokes shifts and broadband luminescence inherent to both chromophores suggest their use as materials for luminescent solar collectors (LSCs). The obtained compounds demonstrated good solubility and suitable thin-film forming properties. For this reason, they may be suitable for solution-processable photovoltaic applications.
Osteopontin Is a Blood Biomarker for Microglial Activation and Brain Injury in Experimental Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Li Yikun , Dammer Eric B. , Zhang-Brotzge Xiaohui , Chen Scott , Duong Duc M. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Kuan Chia-Yi , Sun Yu-Yo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractClinical management of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) suffers from the lack of reliable surrogate marker tests. Proteomic analysis may identify such biomarkers in blood, but there has been no proof-of-principle evidence to support this approach. Here we performed in-gel trypsin digestion of plasma proteins from four groups of 10-d-old mice [untouched and 24 h after low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure, hypoxia-ischemia (HI), or LPS/HI injury;n= 3 in each group) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis to search for HI- and LPS/HI-associated brain injury biomarkers. This analysis suggested the induction of plasma osteopontin (OPN) by HI and LPS/HI, but not by sham and injury-free LPS exposure. Immunoblot confirmed post-HI induction of OPN protein in brain and blood, whereasOpnmRNA was induced in brain but not in blood. This disparity suggests brain-derived plasma OPN after HI injury. Similarly, immunostaining showed the expression of OPN by Iba1+microglia/macrophages in HI-injured brains. Further, intracerebroventricular injection of LPS activated microglia and up-regulated plasma OPN protein. Importantly, the induction of plasma OPN after HI was greater than that of matrix metalloproteinase 9 or glial fibrillary acid protein. Plasma OPN levels at 48 h post-HI also parallel the severity of brain damage at 7-d recovery. Together, these results suggest that OPN may be a prognostic blood biomarker in HIE through monitoring brain microglial activation.
A definição foucaultiana de antropologia e os limites da filosofia crítica
Authors: Pinheiro Clara Virgínia de Queiroz , De Araújo Vitor Vasconcelos 
Published: January 2017

O principal objetivo deste artigo é articular a noção de antropologia, contida na tese complementar de Foucault a História da loucura, Gênese e estrutura da Antropologia de Kant, e em sua obra de 1966, As palavras e as coisas, reconhecendo no uso deste conceito uma cumplicidade teórica entre os dois textos. Em segundo lugar, procuramos entender os motivos que levaram Foucault a abandonar Kant como referência crítica às ciências humanas. Ao desvencilhar-se da filosofia kantiana, o pensador francês é forçado a construir outros pressupostos que tornam possíveis o estudo do homem, tanto inspirado pela tendência estruturalista dos intelectuais franceses, sem, no entanto, estruturar condições atemporais dos discursos, como na crítica de Nietzsche à tradição filosófica.