bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of chemical warfare agents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: methods for their direct detection and derivatization approaches for the analysis of their degradation products
Authors: Valdez Carlos A. , Leif Roald N. , Hok Saphon , Hart Bradley R. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are unarguably one of the most feared toxic substances produced by mankind. Their inception in conventional warfare can be traced as far back as the Middle Ages but their full breakthrough as central players in bellic conflicts was not realized until World War I. Since then, more modern CWAs along with efficient methods for their manufacture have emerged and violently shaped the way modern warfare and diplomatic relations are conducted. Owing to their mass destruction ability, counter methods to mitigate their impact appeared almost immediately on par with their development. These efforts have focused on their efficient destruction, development of medical countermeasures and their detection by modern analytical chemistry methods. The following review seeks to provide the reader with a broad introduction on their direct detection by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the various sample derivatization methods available for the analysis of their degradation products. The review concentrates on three of the main CWA classes and includes the nerve agents, the blistering agents and lastly, the incapacitating agents. Each section begins with a brief introduction of the CWA along with discussions of reports dealing with their detection in the intact form by GC-MS. Furthermore, as products arising from their degradation carry as much importance as the agents themselves in the field of forensic analysis, the available derivatization methods of these species are presented for each CWA highlighting some examples from our lab in the Forensic Science Center at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Asymmetric exchange rate exposure of stock returns: empirical evidence from Chinese industries
Authors: Cuestas Juan Carlos , Tang Bo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study explores the asymmetric exchange rate exposure of stock returns building upon the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) framework, using monthly returns of Chinese industry indices. We are interested in estimating long run and short run relationships as well as asymmetric effects. In order to do so, we estimate nonlinear autoregressive distributed lags models to (1) obtain the long run or cointegrated effects and dynamics, (2) be able to mix I(1) and I(0) variables and (3) to split the effect of positive and negative changes in the variables, i.e. asymmetries. In accordance with the existing literature, industry returns are subject to lagged exposure effects, but the asymmetries vary across industries, which could be due to the discrepancies in, amongst others, trade balance and ownership of certain industries. Furthermore, the dynamic multipliers depict that industry returns quickly respond to changes in the exchange rate and correct the disequilibrium within a short time, making the long run exposure to be symmetric or very small. The remaining shocks are mainly explained by the return of market portfolios. This implies that the ongoing restrictions on the RMB daily trading band do indeed protect the Chinese stock market against the effects of currency movements.
Heavy Barbell Hip Thrusts Do Not Effect Sprint Performance: An 8-Week Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Jarvis Paul , Cassone Natasha , Turner Anthony , Chavda Shyam , Edwards Mike , Bishop Chris 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Jarvis, P, Cassone, N, Turner, A, Chavda, S, Edwards, M, and Bishop, C. Heavy barbell hip thrusts do not effect sprint performance: an 8-week randomized controlled study. J Strength Cond Res 33(7S): S78–S84, 2019—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an 8-week barbell hip thrust strength training program on sprint performance. Twenty-one collegiate athletes (15 males and 6 females) were randomly assigned to either an intervention (n = 11, age 27.36 ± 3.17 years, height 169.55 ± 10.38 cm, mass 72.7 ± 18 kg) or control group (n = 10, age 27.2 ± 3.36 years, height 176.2 ± 7.94 cm, mass 76.39 ± 11.47 kg). One repetition maximum hip thrust, 40-m sprint time, and individual 10-m split timings: 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 m were the measured variables; these recorded at both the baseline and posttesting time points. After the 8-week hip thrust strength training intervention, significantly greater 1 repetition maximum (1RM) hip thrust scores for the training group were observed (p < 0.001, d = 0.77 [mean difference 44.09 kg]); however, this failed to translate into changes in sprint time for any of the measured distances (all sprint performance measures: p > 0.05, r = 0.05–0.37). No significant differences were seen for the control group for 1RM hip thrust (p = 0.106, d = 0.24 [mean difference 9.4 kg]) or sprint time (all sprint performance measures: p > 0.05, r = 0.13–0.47). These findings suggest that increasing maximum hip thrust strength through the use of the barbell hip thrust does not seem to transfer into improvements in sprint performance in collegiate level athletes.
The Effect of Unicycle Riding Course on Trunk Strength and Trunk Stability Functions in Children
Authors: Kocjan Andrej , Sarabon Nejc 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Kocjan, A and Sarabon, N. The effect of unicycle riding course on trunk strength and trunk stability functions in children. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3560–3568, 2020—The aim of the study was to assess the effect of unicycling on trunk strength and timing of automatic stability actions of the selected trunk muscles (multifidus, obliquus externus, and erector spine). Twenty healthy 12-year-old children (12 boys, 8 girls; age 12.1 ± 0.2 years; body height 1.57 ± 0.05 m; body mass 52.8 ± 10.6 kg) were assigned to experimental and control group. Experimental group performed a supervised 12-session course of unicycling. Trunk strength was measured with a multipurpose diagnostic machine in frontal and sagittal planes in standing position. Trunk reflex responses and anticipatory actions were assessed through unexpected loading over the hands and rapid shoulder flexion, respectively. After the intervention, strength increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the experimental group in all analyzed positions. A significant interaction effect was observed during trunk extension (p < 0.01) and lateral flexion exertions (p < 0.03). Postural reflex latency improved significantly (p < 0.001) in the experimental group with a significant interaction effect in all analyzed muscles (p < 0.001). Anticipatory postural adaptations improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in multifidus and obliquus externus of the experimental group only. Unicycling proved to be an effective and funny tool to develop proximal stability and strength, which prevents low back pain and improves the efficiency of energy transfer between body segments. To improve the efficiency of physical education classes, unicycling should be considered a useful tool to increase trunk strength and stability among prepubertal children.
DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN MAKROEKONOMI TERHADAP KINERJA SUB SEKTOR PERIKANAN DI INDONESIA: SUATU PENDEKATAN EKONOMETRIKA
Authors: Asnawi Asnawi 
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan makroekonomi terhadap kinerja sub sektor perikanan. Model ekonometrika yang dibangun sebagai sistem persamaan simultan yang memasukan variabel kebijakan makroekonomi. Analisis dampak dibedakan dalam 3 (tiga) periode, yaitu sebelum krisis ekonomi periode 1993-1996, pada krisis ekonomi periode 1997-2000 dan pada peramalan periode 2003-2007. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan makroekonomi: (1) depresiasi nilai tukar rupiah, (2) peningkatan kredit di sub sektor perikanan, (3) peningkatan investasi di sub sektor perikanan, (4) kombinasi penurunan tingkat suku bunga dan peningkatan kredit di sub sektor perikanan, dan (5) kombinasi kebijakan 1, 3 dan 4 pada peramalan periode 2003-2007 dapat meningkatkan kinerja sub sektor perikanan (produksi, konsumsi dan ekspor perikanan meningkat). Depresiasi nilai tukar rupiah, peningkatan kredit atau investasi di sub sektor perikanan (kebijakan tunggal) dapat meningkatkan kinerja sub sektor perikanan. Kinerja sub sektor perikanan akan meningkat lebih tinggi apabila dilakukan kombinasi kebijakan yang dapat menurunkan tingkat suku bunga, peningkatan kredit dan investasi di sub sektor perikanan pada kondisi depresiasi nilai tukar rupiah. Tittle: Impacts of Macroeconomic Policy on The Performance of Fisheries Sector in Indonesia: An Econometrics ApproachThis research was intended to analyze the impact of macroeconomic policy on the performance of the fisheries sector. The Econometric model was built in terms of simultaneous equations system, which include macroeconomic policy variables. The impact analysis was elaborated into three periods, i.e. the period before the economic crisis (1993-1996), the period of economic crisis (1997-2000), and the forecasting period (2003-2007). The results of the macroeconomic policies of: (1) depreciation in exchange rate of rupiah, (2) the increasing of credit in fisheries sector, (3) the increasing of investment in fisheries sector, (4) the combination of the decreasing of interest rate and the increasing of credit in fisheries sector, and (5) the policy combination 1, 3 and 4 for the forecasting period 2003-2007 could increase the performance of fisheries sector in terms of production, consumption and fisheries export. The depreciation in exchange rate of rupiah, the increasing of credit or investment in fisheries sector (single policy) could increase the performance of fisheries sector. The performance of fisheries sector will be keep increasing by combining policies of: decreasing of interest rate, increasing of credit in fisheries sector and increasing of investment in fisheries sector at condition depreciations in exchange rate of rupiah.
COMPOSITE IMPULSED-PLASMA COATING «STEEL T1/CAST IRON CR28MN3»
Authors: Y. G. Chabak  , T. V. Pastukhova  , V. G. Efremenko  , I. O. Vakulenko  , I. A. Volosenko  
Published: July 2017

Purpose. The article is aimed to investigate the structure of the composite coating obtained by pulse-plasma treatment using cathodes of high-carbon material with higher amount of carbide-forming elements. Methodology. The coating was produced using electrothermal axial plasma accelerator with the following operating parameters: voltage applied to the electrodes is 4.0 kV; amplitude of the current is 18 kA; distance between electrodes of about 50 mm. The treatment was carried out according to the scheme: five pulses with electrode of steel T1 + five pulses with electrode of cast iron Cr28Mn3. The pulsed plasma treatment was followed by heat treatment as holding at 950 °C for 2 hours, followed by oil cooling. Optical (Nikon Eclipse L150) and electron (JEOL JSM-6510) microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (X-Act, Oxford Instruments), the microhardness measurement (FM-300 Future-Tech Corp.) were used for microstructure studying. Findings. It is shown that pulsed-plasma treatment using various electrodes resulted in formation of laminated coating «P18 steel/cast iron 230Cr28Mn3» of 110-130 microns thick. The analysis of micro-hardness coating before and after the post-plasma heat treatment is carried out. It is found that quenching resulted in increase of coating microhardness from 4900-7300 МPа tо 10500-13500 МPа (layer “T1”) and 12000-16500 МPа (layer “230Cr28Mn3”). Originality. The distribution of the alloying elements within the coating is studied. The diffusion transition layer having variable tungsten and chromium content was revealed between the layer “T1” and layer “230Cr28Mn3”. It was shown that after plasma deposition an oversaturated solid solution is being formed in the coating. During post-heat treatment it decomposes with the precipitation of 45-70 % carbides of different shape resulting in sharp increase of microhardness. Carbides amount is proportional to content of carbon and carbide-forming elements in the electrode used for certain layer deposition. Practical value. It was shown the possibility of the formation of a composite layered pulsed-plasma coating with variable chemical composition and micro-hardness in cross-section by means of varying the cathode material and by use of post-plasma heat treatment.
Geomorphic indexes of tectonic activity through the analysis of the drainage systems in the Sangaw area, Kurdistan Region –Geomorphic indexes of tectonic activity through the analysis of the drainage systems in the Sangaw area, Kurdistan Region – NE-Iraq
Authors: Bety Azhar 
Published: July 2017

Different geomorphic indicators like drainage basin asymmetry (AF), transverse topographic symmetry factor (T), mountain front sinuosity (Smf) and ratio of valley floor width to valley height (Vf) was obtained from the Sangaw basin to study the tectonic activities in Sangaw district area, which it located within the administrative boundaries of the Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region – NE-Iraq.
Geographic Information System (GIS) was used in the calculation of the geomorphic indicators and in order to study, analyze and classify tectonic activity. The results of geomorphic indicators with respect to the visual interpretation of satellite image, DEM and field observation shows that the area is tectonically active, and the activity is is tectonically active, and the activity is ranging between moderate to high activities.
Synthesis of some new heterocyclic compounds derived from 4-(4-hydroxy-3-chlorophenyl) azoaceto phenone
Authors: Hawaiz Farouq , Samad Mohammed , Aziz Marlin 
Published: July 2017

p-Aminoacetophenone underwent diazotization and coupling reaction with 2-chlorophenol to give a starting material 4-(4-hydroxy-3-chlorophenyl)azoacetophenone.The prepared starting material was benzylated with benzylbromide producing 4-[4-benzyloxy-3-chloro-phenyl]azoacetophenone. The later has been reacted with differentsubstituted benzaldehydes affording a series of new chalcones. The newly synthesizedchalcones were treated with hydrazine hydrate to form the desired molecules azobenzyloxy-pyrazoline derivatives. The spectrum measurements of FT-IR, 1H-NMR and13C-NMR, confirmed the expected structures of the newly synthesized compounds.
Miscut measuring of SrTiO3 single crystal using high resolution X-ray diffraction
Authors: Abdullah Aziz , Saeed Salah 
Published: July 2017

Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is one of the perovskite type metal oxides with multifunctional properties and it has a lot of applications in various sectors of technology. Inthis paper, we obtained the miscut angles from Bragg peak after performing ω scans ofHRXRD at different angles of φ with intervals of 90○. The obtained results locatedbetween 0.2015○ and 0.4302○ using two ways (mathematically and Epitaxy software),which is considered as a tolerance limit (less than 1°) to cut the substrates.
Effect of Olive Leaf Extract on Physio-Chemical and Microbiological Traits of Local Fresh Fish Fillets During Refrigeration Storage.
Authors: Khidhir Zaid 
Published: July 2017

This research was performed to evaluate the activity of olive leaf (OLE) as an
antioxidant and antimicrobial on some traits of fresh fish, Olive leaf extract (OLE)
solutions will prepare at the concentration of 2% and 4% (v/v). Fish sample is divided
into five treatment included T1 is considered a control without treatment, while, other
fish sample are treated with different concentration of olive leaf extract by using sprays
and immersion methods, T2: 2% spraying, T3: 2% immersion, T4: 4% spraying, T5: 4 %
immersion). The samples were then stored under refrigerated conditions (4.0°C) for 0,
2, 5and 7 days until analysis. The result were recorded a high water holding capacity in
T5 (39.955%), while the lower (WHC) percentage T1 (36.750%) After 7 days of storage.
In the end periods storage, recorded a high cooking loss (CL) percentage in T1
(50.325%) while lower CL percentage recorded in T4 (43.865%). T1 gave a high TBA
value (5.050 mg MDA/ kg) while, T5 recorded a lower TBA value (2.065 mg MDA/ kg)
after 7 days of storage. FFA percentages, at 7 days of storage, the highest percentage
recorded in T1 (1.435%), while the lowest value recorded in T4 and T5 (0.999 and 0.997
% respectively). The results observed that T1 recorded a higher TPC and psychrophilic
count, which were T5, which were (2.25×105 CFU/g) and (2.775×103 CFU/g)
respectively, while, fish sample were treated with T5 gave a lower TPC and
psychrophilic count, which were (1.065×105 CFU/g) and (1.434 ×103 CFU/g)
respectively. It can be concluded that the positive effect of olive leaf extract proves much
more effective as a source of natural antioxidant and antibacterial, which may have uses
for solves quality problems in their products.
Sg- Continuity in Topological Spaces.
Authors: Darwesh Halgwrd , Hassan Nawroz 
Published: July 2017

The aim of the present paper, is to introduce and study a new class of functions which is
strictly placed between the class of -continuous functions and the class of semi-continuous function, we call it the class of -continuous functions. The basic properties, characterizations and relationships with some other classes of continuity are
also obtained.
Distance Measurement using an Infrared Distance Sensor Based on Lagrange and Newton Interpolating Polynomials.
Authors: Abdullah Rawaz 
Published: July 2017

This paper presents two models for distance measurement to a very popular infrared (IR)
distance measuring sensor from SHARP, which has applications in projects that require
cheap and accurate distance measurements. The sensor outputs a voltage at any distance
(with a range from 10 cm to 80 cm) from an object based on the optical triangulation
method. The variety of the reflectivity of the object, the environmental temperature and
the operating duration are not influenced easily to the distance detection. The presented
models in this paper are based on Newton and Lagrange interpolating polynomials,
which require a few data points to compute the polynomial equations and thereby the
distance from any object could be computed easily. The expected errors in distance
estimation for the two proposed models are analyzed. As it is evident from the results,
the two models could be used easily with insignificant amount of error.
Sulfate content in some water systems within Erbil City/KRG by using turbidimetric and titrimetric methods.
Authors: Shekha Yahya 
Published: July 2017

This study was conducted on two water bodies; three sites were selected on Erbil
wastewater channel and four sites on Greater Zab river. Water samples were collected at
regular monthly interval periods beginning at July 2012 to April 2013. Sulfate
concentration was determined by EDTA titrimetric and barium sulfate procedures in
order to compare the results obtained by both methods. The mean values of sulfate
concentration in Greater Zab river was 74.98 and 1205.9 mg.l-1 for EDTA titrimetric and
barium sulfate methods respectively, while for Erbil wastewater channel samples sulfate
concentration mean values was 109.46 and 1240.5 mg.l-1 for EDTA titrimetric and
barium sulfate methods respectively. As a mean values sulfate concentration is ten times
more by barium sulfate method than other method. From standard error values it appears
that EDTA titrimetric method is more accurate and suitable for sulfate determination
than other method which is quick, simple and easy.
Age determinations of Cretaceous sequences based on calcareous nannofossils in Zagros Thrust and Folded Zone in Kurdistan Region-Iraq.
Authors: Ahmed Sirwan , Qadir Barween , Müller Carla 
Published: July 2017

The studied area is located in Northern Iraq in the Kurdistan Region, in the North-
Western part of the Zagros Fold belt. This study concentrates on the biostratigraphic
approach using nannofossil analysis to identify the age of the formations that have
deposited during Cretaceous period in Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The sedimentary
sequences in Kurdistan region exhibit many lateral and vertical environmental and facies
changes. Previously most of the works to recognize the age of the formations were
concentrated on the Foraminifera zonation. In the present study, attempts have been
made to review the age of the formations and the contact between them by using
nannofossil analysis technique. Nannofossils assemblage Chia Gara Formations show
that conformable contact situation between Jurassic-Cretaceous. The contact is between
Late Tithonian Chia Gara and Berriasian- Valanginian Balambo formations. In Kurdistan
during Hauterivian-Barremian the outer shelf sediment of Sarmord Formation deposited
that conformably overlay Balambo Formation. The Qamchuqa Formation is a
heterogeneous group of limestone. The lower part is belongs to the Aptian to Albian
periods, while The upper part of the Qamchuqa limestone is generally dolomitized,
therefore, the existed nannofossils even within the locally thin marl layers are destroyed.
The Dokan Formation, which appears along the Dokan dam, is a Cenomanian age. The
Kometan Formation is represented an Early Turonian age. The top of the Kometan
limestone is characterized by a hard ground most possibly indicating a hiatus. The
sequence of marl-Limestone of Shiranish Formation we dated Early to Late Campanian.
Toward north the Early to Late Campanian part of Shiranish Formation can be locally
replaced by the reefal Bekmeh limestone Formation. Very rare nannofossils were found
in the marly intercalations of the Bekmeh limestone indicating at least a Late Cretaceous
age. The Shiranish/Tanjero formations boundary lies within the Upper Campanian. The
age of Tanjero Formation ranges from Late Campanian to Late Maastrichtian.
The comparative study of some faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties under rainfed condition in Sulaimani –Iraqi Kurdistan Region.
Authors: Tofiq Sherwan , Aziz Omer , Salih Sazgar 
Published: July 2017

The present study was carried out at Sulaimani region- Agricultural Research Center of
Bakrajo, during three successive winter seasons (2011-2014).Using seven varieties of
faba bean namely Zaina, Seher, Yieldiz, Civilla, Luz di Otono , Tanyari, and local.
According to randomized complete block design with three replications. The
comparisons among the means were carried out using least significant difference test
(LSD) at 0.05 significant level. Results of this investigation summarized as the average
of all seasons as follow: The variety Seher recorded maximum values for the characters
pod length, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight, while the variety Civilla
recorded the highest value for the characters number of seeds per plant and seed yield,
while local variety produced the highest value for the character number of pods per
plant. Significant differences were presented between seasons due to the average of all
characters. The third season exhibited maximum values due to the characters number of
pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per plant and seed yield.