bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to simultaneous sedentary behavior domains and sociodemographic factors associated in public servants
Authors: Fronza Fernanda Cerveira , Berria Juliane , Minatto Giseli , Petroski Edio Luiz 
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n4p469 Exposure to sedentary behavior may contribute to health problems. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of exposure to simultaneous sedentary behavior domains and verify associated sociodemographic characteristics among technical and administrative servers of a Brazilian university. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out with 623 technical and administrative servers. Sedentary behavior was identified through a questionnaire in the following domains: commuting (active / passive), sitting time at work, daily time spent watching television and computer use (≥3 hours / day). Sociodemographic variables were age, sex and educational level. The prevalence of servers that had one, two, three and four simultaneous sedentary behavior was 28.4%, 43.2%, 22.5% and 4.3%, respectively. Women were more likely to have three sedentary behavior simultaneously (OR = 1.61, CI 95% = 1.02, 2.56). Servers with 9-11 years of schooling were less exposed to two (OR = 0.27, CI 95% = 0.17, 0.44), three (OR = 0.39, CI 95% = 0.23, 0.66) and four (OR = 0.22, CI 95% = 0.07; 0.69) sedentary behavior simultaneously and those over 12 years of schooling were less likely of having two (OR = 0.22, CI 95% = 0.10; 0.49) and three (OR = 0.15, CI 95% = 0.05, 0.46) sedentary behavior simultaneously. More than half of servers have two sedentary behavior during the week. Having sedentary behavior in more than one domain simultaneously was associated with sex and educational level.
Quality of public urban parks for physical activity practice in Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: Ramirez Paula Camila , Camargo Diana Marina , Quiroga Vanesa , Rios Ana Paola , Fermino Rogério César , Sarmiento Olga Lucia 
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n4p480 The characteristics of parks (availability, accessibility, conservation, quality, safety, etc.) are important predictors of their use for physical activity practices. The aim of this study was to verify the association among the socioeconomic level of neighborhoods, the characteristics and quality of urban public parks for physical activity in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Cross-sectional study, conducted in 2015, in which 10 parks with structures for physical activity were evaluated. The socioeconomic level of the district was evaluated based on the neighborhoods around the parks and classified in “low” and “high”. The number of residents in the surrounding area of parks were evaluated with Geographic Information System (GIS), site characteristics and quality with the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) and the Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA), respectively. The association was analyzed with Mann Whitney U test and Spearman correlation (rho) on STATA 14 and the significance level was maintained at 5%. A positive association was found between the socioeconomic level and the presence of walking paths (marginal, p=0.056), accessibility (rho=0.875; p=0.001) and general quality of parks (rho=0.657; p=0.039). The low socioeconomic level was associated with the presence of sports courts (p=0.032). These results can guide the actions of public managers for the modification of the built environment and structures of the parks for physical activity.
Obesity awareness among elders living in rural area: a household survey
Authors: Pegorari Maycon Sousa , Bolina Alisson Fernandes , Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos 
Published: December 2017

The acceptance of the disease is essential to health self-care, elder’s awareness regarding obesity is suggested to influence their search for health services, and consequently, in obesity’s treatment. This study aimed to verify obesity awareness of elders living in rural areas and associated socioeconomic and demographic factors. We conducted a cross-sectional household survey with 562 individuals, who were older than 60 years and were rural residents from a Brazil southeast city. The identification of obesity awareness was consisted in the agreement between the self-referred obesity and the diagnosis criteria using the body-mass index >27Kg/m². The associated socioeconomic and demographic factors were: gender, age range, marital status, education and income. Descriptive statistical analysis, Kappa index and logistic regression (p <0.05) were conducted. The highest percentage of elders were men (53.6%), 60├ 70 years old (62.6%), married (67.8%), studied for 4|-8 years (40.0%) and with an individual monthly income of one minimal wage (45.7%). The prevalence of obesity according to the body-mass index was 34.7% and the self-referred 15.1%, which was classified as regular agreement by the Kappa coefficient (k= 0.232; p<0.001). The majority of the elders with obesity were not aware of this condition (64.6%), with higher odds ratio for men than for women (OR=2.34;CI=1.29-4.77). We found high obesity prevalence among elders residents in the rural area, who did not recognize themselves with this condition. Moreover, elderly men presented lower obesity awareness than women.
Le Associazioni delle donne e i diritti dell’infanzia in Italia (1861-1930)
Authors: Seveso Gabriella , Finco Daniela 
Published: December 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a difusão das instituições de educação para as crianças pequenas italianas e a forma como ela está ligada significativamente a associações de mulheres e as iniciativas de pensadoras e pensadores muito sensíveis a este tema. O artigo reconstrói a história dos direitos à educação para a primeira infância na Itália no período entre a Unificação da Itália (1861) e as primeiras décadas do século XX. Revela como estas iniciativas enfatizaram a necessidade de garantir instituições com fins educativos para meninas pequenas e meninos pequenos, não somente com fins de assistência ou de higiene; mas muitas vezes, com princípios educacionais importantes como a atenção para os espaços, a relação com as famílias, entre outros. O artigo aponta ainda como a associação de mulheres também lutou muito para formação profissional adequada de professoras e professores.
Malba Tahan, seus conceitos presentes na atualidade
Authors: Pires Liceia Alves , Apolinário Adrieli 
Published: December 2017

Professores de matemática preocupados com a aprendizagem de seus alunos estão sempre em busca de novas metodologias que facilitem o processo de aprendizagem, principalmente aqueles que atuam com alunos de Sala de Apoio, onde os alunos que as frequentam, apresentam grandes dificuldades de entendimento dos conteúdos matemáticos. Assim sendo, o presente artigo busca relatar uma pesquisa e uma intervenção pedagógica em uma sala de apoio a aprendizagem, realizada com o objetivo de apresentar as ideias de Malba Tahan e sua prática docente como um instrumento para ajudar no trabalho do professor. Para alcançar este objetivo foi realizado um questionário com professores de matemática da rede Estadual de Ensino do Litoral paranaense, com o intuito de verificar quais os conhecimentos do mesmo sobre o trabalho de Malba Tahan e na sequência foram aplicados alguns métodos propostos pelo autor em uma turma de Sala de apoio do Colégio Estadual Rocha Pombo, para verificar se eles são realmente eficazes. Dentre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se o baixo índice de professores que conhecem as ideias de Malba Tahan sobre o ensino de matemática e a eficácia desses métodos para minimizar a dificuldade na aprendizagem dos alunos.
De Desdêmona a Capitu: Machado de Assis lê Shakespeare
Authors: Furlan Stélio 
Published: December 2017

Investigar a produção crítica machadiana, a partir da segunda metade do século XIX, como uma tentativa de definição teórica da crítica literária no Brasil é o que se pretende com este artigo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa sobre as condições de possibilidade da prática crítica, passando pela noção de valor (estratégia significante), pela questão do cânone e pelos processos de hibridação, modus operandi por excelência do discurso crítico machadiano. Nesse sentido, pretende-se refletir sobre a recepção do teatro shakespeariano nos ensaios críticos de Machado de Assis enquanto estratégia discursiva para a análise de O Primo Basílio, de Eça de Queirós (studium). E, como desdobramento lógico, cumpre discorrer sobre o trabalho da citação de Otelo, de Shakespeare, não só como “fonte” para o enredo de Dom Casmurro (1899), considerado “o mais subtil e genial romance de língua portuguesa” (LOURENÇO, 2015, p. 143), mas também para a gestação de Capitu, a personagem de ficção mais oblíqua e enigmática da textualidade machadiana (punctum).
Triângulo de fraudes de Cressey (1953) e teoria da agência: estudo aplicado a instituições bancárias brasileiras
Authors: Machado Michele Rílany Rodrigues , Gartner Ivan Ricardo 
Published: December 2017

Esta pesquisa examinou se o triângulo de fraude de Cressey (1953) e a teoria de agência, em conjunto, possibilitam investigar a ocorrência de fraudes corporativas em instituições bancárias brasileiras. Foram formuladas seis hipóteses de pesquisas, segregadas nas dimensões do triângulo de fraude – pressão, oportunidade e racionalização – e mensuradas a partir de variáveis extraídas da teoria da agência, criminologia e estudos empíricos sobre fraudes. A identificação da probabilidade de ocorrência de fraudes foi operacionalizada a partir de regressões logísticas multinomiais, aplicadas a dados de 44 bancos, no período de janeiro/2001 a dezembro/2012. Para a dimensão de pressão, confirmou-se a hipótese nº 01, ao indicar que quanto menor o desempenho anterior da instituição, maior a probabilidade de ocorrência de fraudes. Na dimensão de oportunidade, a hipótese nº 03 foi confirmada, ao colocar em evidência que baixos indicadores de governança corporativa aumentam a probabilidade de ocorrência de fraudes. Na dimensão de racionalização, confirmou-se a hipótese nº 06, portanto, a predominância do gênero feminino na gestão restringe a probabilidade de fraudes. Conclui-se, que o triângulo de Cressey, aliado à teoria da agência, constitui-se numa ferramenta apropriada para dirigir a investigação de ocorrência de fraudes corporativas em instituições bancárias.
Effects of vernal equinox solar eclipse on temperature and wind direction in Switzerland
Authors: Eugster Werner , Emmel Carmen , Wolf Sebastian , Buchmann Nina , McFadden Joseph P. , Whiteman Charles David 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The vernal equinox total solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 produced a maximum occultation of 65.8–70.1 % over Switzerland during the morning hours (09:22 to 11:48 CET). Skies were generally clear over the Swiss Alps due to a persistent high-pressure band between the UK and Russia associated with a rather weak pressure gradient over the continent. To assess the effects of penumbral shading on near-surface meteorology across Switzerland, air temperature data measured at 10 min intervals at 184 MeteoSwiss weather stations were used. Wind speed and direction data were available from 165 of these stations. Additionally, six Swiss FluxNet eddy covariance flux (ECF) sites provided turbulent measurements at 20 Hz resolution. During maximum occultation, the temperature drop was up to 5.8 K at a mountain site where cold air can pool in a topographic depression. The bootstrapped average of the maximum temperature drops of all 184 MeteoSwiss sites during the solar eclipse was 1.51 ± 0.02 K (mean ± SE). A detailed comparison with literature values since 1834 showed a temperature decrease of 2.6 ± 1.7 K (average of all reports), with extreme values up to 11 K. On fair weather days under weak larger-scale pressure gradients, local thermo-topographic wind systems develop that are driven by small-scale pressure and temperature gradients. At one ECF site, the penumbral shading delayed the morning transition from down-valley to up-valley wind conditions. At another site, it prevented this transition from occurring at all. Data from the 165 MeteoSwiss sites measuring wind direction did not show a consistent pattern of wind direction response to the passing of the penumbral shadow. These results suggest that the local topographic setting had an important influence on the temperature drop and the wind flow patterns during the eclipse. A significant cyclonic effect of the passing penumbral shadow was found in the elevation range ≈ 1700–2700 m a. s. l., but not at lower elevations of the Swiss Plateau. This contrasts with an earlier theory that the anticyclonic outflow should reach as far as ≈ 2400 km from the center of the eclipse, which would have included all of Switzerland during the 2015 eclipse. Thus, measurable effects of penumbral shading on the local wind system could be even found at ≈ 2000 km from the path of the eclipse (that is, Switzerland during the 2015 eclipse), and our results tend to lend support to a newer theory that the anticyclonic cold-air outflow from the center of the eclipse only extends ≈ 1600 km outwards, with cyclonic flow beyond that distance.
Quasi 18 h wave activity in ground-based observed mesospheric H2O over Bern, Switzerland
Authors: Lainer Martin , Hocke Klemens , Rüfenacht Rolf , Kämpfer Niklaus 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Observations of oscillations in the abundance of middle-atmospheric trace gases can provide insight into the dynamics of the middle atmosphere. Long-term, high-temporal-resolution and continuous measurements of dynamical tracers within the strato- and mesosphere are rare but would facilitate better understanding of the impact of atmospheric waves on the middle atmosphere. Here we report on water vapor measurements from the ground-based microwave radiometer MIAWARA (MIddle Atmospheric WAter vapor RAdiometer) located close to Bern during two winter periods of 6 months from October to March. Oscillations with periods between 6 and 30 h are analyzed in the pressure range 0.02–2 hPa. Seven out of 12 months have the highest wave amplitudes between 15 and 21 h periods in the mesosphere above 0.1 hPa. The quasi 18 h wave signature in the water vapor tracer is studied in more detail by analyzing its temporal evolution in the mesosphere up to an altitude of 75 km. Eighteen-hour oscillations in midlatitude zonal wind observations from the microwave Doppler wind radiometer WIRA (WInd RAdiometer) could be identified within the pressure range 0.1–1 hPa during an ARISE (Atmospheric dynamics Research InfraStructure in Europe)-affiliated measurement campaign at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (355 km from Bern) in France in 2013. The origin of the observed upper-mesospheric quasi 18 h oscillations is uncertain and could not be determined with our available data sets. Possible drivers could be low-frequency inertia-gravity waves or a nonlinear wave–wave interaction between the quasi 2-day wave and the diurnal tide.
Measurements and modeling of surface–atmosphere exchange of microorganisms in Mediterranean grassland
Authors: Carotenuto Federico , Georgiadis Teodoro , Gioli Beniamino , Leyronas Christel , Morris Cindy E. , Nardino Marianna , Wohlfahrt Georg , Miglietta Franco 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Microbial aerosols (mainly composed of bacterial and fungal cells) may constitute up to 74 % of the total aerosol volume. These biological aerosols are not only relevant to the dispersion of pathogens, but they also have geochemical implications. Some bacteria and fungi may, in fact, serve as cloud condensation or ice nuclei, potentially affecting cloud formation and precipitation and are active at higher temperatures compared to their inorganic counterparts. Simulations of the impact of microbial aerosols on climate are still hindered by the lack of information regarding their emissions from ground sources. This present work tackles this knowledge gap by (i) applying a rigorous micrometeorological approach to the estimation of microbial net fluxes above a Mediterranean grassland and (ii) developing a deterministic model (the PLAnET model) to estimate these emissions on the basis of a few meteorological parameters that are easy to obtain. The grassland is characterized by an abundance of positive net microbial fluxes and the model proves to be a promising tool capable of capturing the day-to-day variability in microbial fluxes with a relatively small bias and sufficient accuracy. PLAnET is still in its infancy and will benefit from future campaigns extending the available training dataset as well as the inclusion of ever more complex and critical phenomena triggering the emission of microbial aerosol (such as rainfall). The model itself is also adaptable as an emission module for dispersion and chemical transport models, allowing further exploration of the impact of land-cover-driven microbial aerosols on the atmosphere and climate.
Noise performance of microwave humidity sounders over their lifetime
Authors: Hans Imke , Burgdorf Martin , John Viju O. , Mittaz Jonathan , Buehler Stefan A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The microwave humidity sounders Special Sensor Microwave Water Vapor Profiler (SSMT-2), Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B) and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) to date have been providing data records for 25 years. So far, the data records lack uncertainty information essential for constructing consistent long time data series. In this study, we assess the quality of the recorded data with respect to the uncertainty caused by noise. We calculate the noise on the raw calibration counts from the deep space views (DSVs) of the instrument and the noise equivalent differential temperature (NEΔT) as a measure for the radiometer sensitivity. For this purpose, we use the Allan deviation that is not biased from an underlying varying mean of the data and that has been suggested only recently for application in atmospheric remote sensing. Moreover, we use the bias function related to the Allan deviation to infer the underlying spectrum of the noise. As examples, we investigate the noise spectrum in flight for some instruments. For the assessment of the noise evolution in time, we provide a descriptive and graphical overview of the calculated NEΔT over the life span of each instrument and channel. This overview can serve as an easily accessible information for users interested in the noise performance of a specific instrument, channel and time. Within the time evolution of the noise, we identify periods of instrumental degradation, which manifest themselves in an increasing NEΔT, and periods of erratic behaviour, which show sudden increases of NEΔT interrupting the overall smooth evolution of the noise. From this assessment and subsequent exclusion of the aforementioned periods, we present a chart showing available data records with NEΔT  <  1 K. Due to overlapping life spans of the instruments, these reduced data records still cover without gaps the time since 1994 and may therefore serve as a first step for constructing long time series. Our method for count noise estimation, that has been used in this study, will be used in the data processing to provide input values for the uncertainty propagation in the generation of a new set of Fundamental Climate Data Records (FCDRs) that are currently produced in the project Fidelity and Uncertainty in Climate data records from Earth Observation (FIDUCEO).
Hydroclimate variability in Scandinavia over the last millennium – insights from a climate model–proxy data comparison
Authors: Seftigen Kristina , Goosse Hugues , Klein Francois , Chen Deliang 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The integration of climate proxy information with general circulation model (GCM) results offers considerable potential for deriving greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying climate variability, as well as unique opportunities for out-of-sample evaluations of model performance. In this study, we combine insights from a new tree-ring hydroclimate reconstruction from Scandinavia with projections from a suite of forced transient simulations of the last millennium and historical intervals from the CMIP5 and PMIP3 archives. Model simulations and proxy reconstruction data are found to broadly agree on the modes of atmospheric variability that produce droughts–pluvials in the region. Despite these dynamical similarities, large differences between simulated and reconstructed hydroclimate time series remain. We find that the GCM-simulated multi-decadal and/or longer hydroclimate variability is systematically smaller than the proxy-based estimates, whereas the dominance of GCM-simulated high-frequency components of variability is not reflected in the proxy record. Furthermore, the paleoclimate evidence indicates in-phase coherencies between regional hydroclimate and temperature on decadal timescales, i.e., sustained wet periods have often been concurrent with warm periods and vice versa. The CMIP5–PMIP3 archive suggests, however, out-of-phase coherencies between the two variables in the last millennium. The lack of adequate understanding of mechanisms linking temperature and moisture supply on longer timescales has serious implications for attribution and prediction of regional hydroclimate changes. Our findings stress the need for further paleoclimate data–model intercomparison efforts to expand our understanding of the dynamics of hydroclimate variability and change, to enhance our ability to evaluate climate models, and to provide a more comprehensive view of future drought and pluvial risks.
The SPACE 1.0 model: a Landlab component for 2-D calculation of sediment transport, bedrock erosion, and landscape evolution
Authors: Shobe Charles M. , Tucker Gregory E. , Barnhart Katherine R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Models of landscape evolution by river erosion are often either transport-limited (sediment is always available but may or may not be transportable) or detachment-limited (sediment must be detached from the bed but is then always transportable). While several models incorporate elements of, or transition between, transport-limited and detachment-limited behavior, most require that either sediment or bedrock, but not both, are eroded at any given time. Modeling landscape evolution over large spatial and temporal scales requires a model that can (1) transition freely between transport-limited and detachment-limited behavior, (2) simultaneously treat sediment transport and bedrock erosion, and (3) run in 2-D over large grids and be coupled with other surface process models. We present SPACE (stream power with alluvium conservation and entrainment) 1.0, a new model for simultaneous evolution of an alluvium layer and a bedrock bed based on conservation of sediment mass both on the bed and in the water column. The model treats sediment transport and bedrock erosion simultaneously, embracing the reality that many rivers (even those commonly defined as bedrock rivers) flow over a partially alluviated bed. SPACE improves on previous models of bedrock–alluvial rivers by explicitly calculating sediment erosion and deposition rather than relying on a flux-divergence (Exner) approach. The SPACE model is a component of the Landlab modeling toolkit, a Python-language library used to create models of Earth surface processes. Landlab allows efficient coupling between the SPACE model and components simulating basin hydrology, hillslope evolution, weathering, lithospheric flexure, and other surface processes. Here, we first derive the governing equations of the SPACE model from existing sediment transport and bedrock erosion formulations and explore the behavior of local analytical solutions for sediment flux and alluvium thickness. We derive steady-state analytical solutions for channel slope, alluvium thickness, and sediment flux, and show that SPACE matches predicted behavior in detachment-limited, transport-limited, and mixed conditions. We provide an example of landscape evolution modeling in which SPACE is coupled with hillslope diffusion, and demonstrate that SPACE provides an effective framework for simultaneously modeling 2-D sediment transport and bedrock erosion.