bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of acupuncture on postoperative nausea and vomiting after pediatric tonsillectomy: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Shin Hwang Cheol , Kim Jong Seung , Lee Sang Kyi , Kwon Sam Hyun , Kim Min Su , Lee Eun Jung , Yoon Yong Joo 
Published: February 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTonsillectomy is one of the most frequently performed pediatric surgical procedures worldwide. The complications of this procedure include postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pain; therefore, both the treatment and prevention of PONV are important. Classical antiemetics include drug therapies such as ondansetron, which are undesirable because they often carry a high cost and several side effects. Therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate the antiemetic effect of acupuncture after pediatric tonsillectomy.MethodsWe searched for eligible articles that reported on the antiemetic effects of acupuncture after tonsillectomy using the three databases, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane, through July 2015. We included full‐length original articles with adequate data for evaluating the antiemetic effects on pediatric tonsillectomy in the form of a relative ratio. The Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of case control and cohort studies, and the Cochrane risk of bias tool was employed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs).ResultsThe search identified 415 publications. After screening, we selected eight articles for review (4 RCTs, 3 prospective cohorts, and 1 pilot study). A meta‐analysis of acupuncture in pediatric tonsillectomy revealed that the number of patients with PONV was significantly reduced with acupuncture compared to the control group, with a risk ratio of 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.63–0.94, P < 0.05).ConclusionWhen acupuncture at PC6 (neiguan) was used to prevent PONV after pediatric tonsillectomy, the risk ratio was significantly lower compared to that of conventional drug therapy. Although further randomized controlled trials are needed, acupuncture at PC6 is considered an economic and effective treatment for emesis after pediatric tonsillectomy. Laryngoscope, 126:1761–1767, 2016
Incus footplate assembly: Indication and surgical outcome
Authors: Park Mina , Han Sungjun , Choi Byung Yoon , Chang Sun O , Kim Chong Sun , Koo Ja‐Won 
Published: February 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo review surgical findings and hearing outcomes of incus footplate assembly (IFA) for the patients with conductive hearing loss due to missing stapes superstructure with a mobile stapes footplate.Study DesignRetrospective case review and survey.MethodsPre‐ and postoperative audiometric data and intraoperative findings were reviewed. Postoperative air‐bone gap (ABG) and ABG closure (postoperative air‐conduction threshold–preoperative bone‐conduction threshold) were analyzed.ResultsThe causes of missing stapes superstructure and conductive hearing loss were congenital ossicular anomaly (n = 5), chronic otitis media (n = 2), and congenital cholesteatoma (n = 1). The prosthesis was designed to fit between the medial side of the incus and stapes footplate and had a mean length of 3.6 ± 0.5 mm. The mean pre‐ and postoperative ABG were 38.3 ± 4.8 and 13.3 ± 10.0 dB, respectively. The postoperative ABG at frequencies of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 kHz were 20.0 ± 15.4, 16.9 ± 11.9, 16.3 ± 10.3, 10.6 ± 7.3, 12.9 ± 14.0, and 23.1 ± 16.2 dB, respectively. The mean ABG closure was 9.5 dB (range, −1.3∼35.8 dB). Seven cases obtained the best results (mean ABG closure ≤10 dB). In the remaining patient, the mean ABG closure was 9.5 dB until 6 months after surgery, but was 35.8 dB 1 year after surgery.ConclusionsIFA seems to be a reasonable surgical option in patients with missing the stapes superstructure, but with a mobile footplate in which the long process of incus is preserved.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:2569–2573, 2016
Design and Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Nanofiltration Membranes Based on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Polyelectrolyte Multilayers for Larger Ion Rejection and Separation
Authors: Irigoyen Joseba , Laakso Timo , Politakos Nikolaos , Dahne Lars , Pihlajamäki Artho , Mänttäri Mika , Moya Sergio Enrique 
Published: February 2016

A polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) membrane of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS) is deposited on top of a thick‐layer micrometer range of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) assembled on a porous silicon carbide (SiC) tubular membrane support. MWCNTs are assembled “layer‐by‐layer” alternating oxidized CNTs and poly(allylamine hydrochloride)‐modified CNTs. The MWCNTs layer is crosslinked by annealing after the assembly. The MWCNT layer acts as a spacer between the PDADMAC/PSS PEM and the SiC support. The MWCNT support increases water permeability in 42% compared with the PEMs deposited without MWCNTs. Hybrid MWCNT–PEM membranes show high rejection for divalent ions, which increases directly with flux. A rejection up to 92% is measured for MgSO4 and there is up to a 60% rejection difference between MgCl2 and NaCl, making the hybrid MWCNT–PEMs highly appealing for nanofiltration and monovalent and divalent ion separations
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Explaining the Difference Between Real Part and Virtual Design of 3D Printed Porous Polymer at the Microstructural Level
Authors: Hassana Omar Ben , Guessasma Sofiane , Belhabib Sofiane , Nouri Hedi 
Published: February 2016

The combination of experimental and numerical approaches is attempted to shed more light on 3D microstructural imperfections and mechanical performance of 3D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene parts. The starting point is the virtual building of airy structures using a reverse engineering approach. This approach combines microstructure generator, finite element model, and optimization strategy to propose virtual airy structures satisfying structural and mechanical criteria up to a desired porosity content of 60%. Optimal structures are printed using fused deposition modeling and X‐ray microtomography is used to assess all microstructural defects. Compression testing is performed for load levels above 50% of reduction in sample height. The main outcome of this work is the demonstration of small amount of process induced porosity inducing high pore connectivity. The interdependence of process induced and desired porosity reveals genuine microstructural effects that are only characteristics of 3D printed materials.
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Spatial location of indomethacin associated with unimeric amphiphilic carrier macromolecules as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Orban David E. , Moretti Alysha , Uhrich Kathryn E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques including, proton NMR, relaxation analysis, two‐dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, and diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy, has been used to demonstrate the spatial location of indomethacin within a unimolecular micelle. Understanding the location of drugs within carrier molecules using such NMR techniques can facilitate rational carrier design. In addition, this information provides insight to encapsulation efficiency of different drugs to determine the most efficient system for a particular bioactive. This study demonstrates that drugs loaded by the unimolecular amphiphile under investigation are not necessarily encapsulated but reside or localize to the periphery or interfacial region of the carrier molecule. The results have further implications as to the features of the unimolecular carrier that contribute to drug loading. In addition, evidence of drug retention associated with the unimolecular surfactant is possible in organic media, as well as in an aqueous environment. Such findings have implications for rational carrier design to correlate the carrier features to the drug of interest and indicate the strong retention capabilities of the unimolecular micelle for delivery applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A faster and accurate explicit algorithm for quasi‐harmonic dynamic problems
Authors: Li Eric , He Z. C. , Xu Xu , Zhang G. Y. , Jiang Yong 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIt is known that the explicit time integration is conditionally stable. The very small time step leads to increase of computational time dramatically. In this paper, a mass‐redistributed method is formulated in different numerical schemes to simulate transient quasi‐harmonic problems. The essential idea of the mass‐redistributed method is to shift the integration points away from the Gauss locations in the computation of mass matrix for achieving a much larger stable time increment in the explicit method. For the first time, it is found that the stability of explicit method in transient quasi‐harmonic problems is proportional to the softened effect of discretized model with mass‐redistributed method. With adjustment of integration points in the mass matrix, the stability of transient models is improved significantly. Numerical experiments including 1D, 2D and 3D problems with regular and irregular mesh have demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed mass‐redistributed method with the combination of smoothed finite element method in terms of accuracy as well as stability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐pregnancy maternal obesity and the risk of preterm preeclampsia in the American primigravida
Authors: Young Omar M. , Twedt Roxanna , Catov Janet M. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo estimate the risk of preterm preeclampsia in primiparous women by pre‐pregnancy obesity class.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of primiparous women with singleton gestations was performed for deliveries from January 2003 to April 2014. Cases were stratified by delivery occurring either at ≥ 37 weeks or < 37 weeks. Pre‐pregnancy maternal obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. World Health Organization criteria were used to define BMI class of obesity. Multinomial logistic regression modeling estimated the association between term and preterm preeclampsia and pre‐pregnancy obesity.ResultsOf 28,361 women with complete pre‐pregnancy BMI data, 2,588 women (9.1%) had a diagnosis of preeclampsia. Women who developed preeclampsia prior to 37 weeks (n = 784) were more likely to be women with obesity compared to women who developed preeclampsia after 37 weeks (33.1% vs. 25.3%, P = 0.0001). Compared to normal‐weight women without preeclampsia, the risk of preterm preeclampsia increased proportionally with pre‐pregnancy obesity class, with women with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 having the greatest risk (RR 5.23, 95% CI: 3.86‐7.09, P <0.001).ConclusionsThe risk of preterm preeclampsia increased significantly as the severity of maternal pre‐pregnancy obesity increased. Reduction in maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI may be protective in mitigating such risk.
Sweet taste preferences before and after an intensive medical weight loss intervention
Authors: Asao K. , Rothberg A. E. , Arcori L. , Kaur M. , Fowler C. E. , Herman W. H. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryObjectiveMedical weight loss could change sweet taste threshold and preferences. The decrease in sweet taste preferences may, in turn, help in the maintenance of weight loss. This study examined the association between sweet taste preferences at baseline and weight change during a medical weight management programme and the impact of diet‐induced weight loss on sweet taste preferences.MethodsAdult patients with body mass index ≥32 kg m−2 were recruited from a medical weight management clinic. Sweet taste preference was assessed using a forced‐choice, paired‐comparison tracking method before and after a very‐low‐calorie diet (VLCD).ResultsTwenty participants were included in the analysis: mean age was 53.1 (standard deviation [SD]: 11.4) years, and 14 were female. The mean body mass index was 41.4 (SD: 7.5) kg m−2. The median preferred sucrose concentration before VLCD was 0.45 M. Following VLCD, mean change in weight was −13.3 (SD: 6.6) kg, and percentage weight change was −11.3% (SD: 5.9%). Based on mixed models with and without adjustment for demographic factors, diabetes status and smoking history, preferred sucrose concentration at baseline did not predict change in longer‐term body weight. The change of preferred sucrose concentration following 12 weeks of VLCD was not significant (P‐value 0.95).ConclusionsChange in weight during and after VLCD was not associated with sweet taste preferences at baseline. After diet‐induced weight loss, sweet taste preferences did not change.
A 6‐month telephone‐based weight loss intervention in overweight and obese subjects with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Weil Richard , Kovacs Betty , Miller Neil , McDermott Michael P. , Wall Michael , Kupersmith Mark , Pi‐Sunyer F. Xavier ,   NORDIC Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Study Group
Published: February 2016

SummaryObjectivesThe purpose of this paper is to measure the change in body weight after a 6‐month telephone‐based weight loss intervention in overweight and obese subjects with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and mild visual loss randomized to receive either acetazolamide or placebo.MethodsOne hundred sixty‐five subjects with IIH, aged 29.1 ± 7.5 (mean ± SD) and BMI 39.9 + 8.3 kg/m2, enrolled at 38 academic and private practice sites in North America, participated in this trial. This was a randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled trial of acetazolamide in subjects with IIH and mild visual loss. All participants received a reduced‐sodium, weight‐reduction diet and a 6‐month telephone‐based weight loss intervention. Six‐month changes from baseline in body weight, perimetric mean deviation as assessed by automated perimetry and quality of life using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 and the 36‐item Short Form Health Survey were measured.ResultsMean percent weight change at 6 months was −5.9% ± 6.7% of initial body weight overall, −3.5% ± 5.9% in the placebo group and −7.8% ± 6.8% in the acetazolamide group. Weight change was not associated with changes in either mean deviation or quality of life scores.ConclusionPatients with IIH and mild visual loss assigned to either acetazolamide or placebo, all of whom received a 6‐month telephone‐based weight loss intervention, lost an average of 5.9% of initial body weight, consistent with NHLBI guidelines of 5% to 10% of body weight loss for clinically significant health benefit.
Effect of hydroxytyrosol methyl carbonate on the thermal, migration and antioxidant properties of PVA‐based films for active food packaging
Authors: Fortunati Elena , Luzi Francesca , Dugo Laura , Fanali Chiara , Tripodo Giusy , Santi Luca , Kenny José M , Torre Luigi , Bernini Roberta 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHydroxytyrosol methyl carbonate (HTyr‐MC), a synthetic non‐cytotoxic hydroxytyrosol‐derived compound showing excellent antioxidant capacity, was obtained in high yield and purity by an ecofriendly procedure and used as active ingredient for poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. Novel PVA/HTyr‐MC binary films were developed by solvent casting in water adding 2%, 5% and 10% by weight of HTyr‐MC to PVA. Morphological, thermal and optical properties, water absorption capacity, migration to food simulant and antioxidant characteristics of PVA/HTyr‐MC films were finely investigated in view of their potential application as active food packaging materials. The morphological and transparency studies underlined that HTyr‐MC was homogeneously dispersed in the PVA matrix and it is able to act as a nucleation agent, influencing the diffusion processes of the water through the polymer chain without negatively affecting the release of the active ingredient. The overall migration levels for all studied formulations were lower than the migration limits permitted by the current legislation for food contact materials while the data of antioxidant assays demonstrated a good antioxidant activity induced by HTyr‐MC presence also at the lowest concentration. These novel films represent a valid and sustainable alternative to non‐ecofriendly‐based materials. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
InGaP//GaAs//c‐Si 3‐junction solar cells employing spectrum‐splitting system
Authors: Kang Dong‐Won , Takiguchi Yuki , Sichanugrist Porponth , Konagai Makoto 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this work, we practically demonstrated spectrum‐splitting approach for advances in efficiency of photovoltaic cells. Firstly, a‐Si:H//c‐Si 2‐junction configuration was designed, which exhibited 24.4% efficiency with the spectrum splitting at 620 nm. Then, we improved the top cell property by employing InGaP cells instead of the a‐Si:H, resulting in an achievement of efficiency about 28.8%. In addition, we constructed 3‐junction spectrum‐splitting system with two optical splitters, and GaAs solar cells as middle cell. This InGaP//GaAs//c‐Si architecture was found to deliver 30.9% conversion efficiency. Our splitting system includes convex lenses for light concentration about 10 suns, which provided concentrated efficiency exceeding 33.0%. These results suggest that our demonstration of 3‐junction spectrum‐splitting approach can be a promising candidate for highly efficient photovoltaic technologies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and course of sexual relationship difficulties in recovered and non‐recovered patients with borderline personality disorder over 16 years of prospective follow‐up
Authors: Karan Esen , Niesten Isabella J. M. , Frankenburg Frances R. , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. , Zanarini Mary C. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTAlthough borderline patients experience a wide range of sexual problems, including promiscuity, there is less evidence documenting their sexual relationship difficulties. This study had two aims. The first was to examine the prevalence of these difficulties (i.e. avoidance of sex and being symptomatic after sex) over 16 years of prospective follow‐up among recovered and non‐recovered patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The second was to determine time‐to‐remission, recurrence and new onset of these sexual relationship difficulties. The sexual relationship difficulties of 290 patients meeting both DIB‐R and DSM‐III‐R criteria for BPD were assessed at baseline using the Abuse History Interview and reassessed every two years over eight waves of prospective follow‐up. The prevalence of sexual relationship difficulties declined significantly over time for both groups of patients, while remaining significantly more common among non‐recovered patients. By 16‐year follow‐up, over 95% of each group achieved remission for both types of difficulties. Recurrences of avoidance of sex were significantly more common in non‐recovered patients. Non‐recovered patients had higher rates of new onsets compared to recovered patients for each type of sexual relationship difficulty. Taken together, the results suggest that sexual relationship difficulties are not chronic for those with BPD regardless of recovery status. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐pressure sorption of carbon dioxide and methane in all‐aromatic poly(etherimide)‐based membranes
Authors: Ogieglo Wojciech , Madzarevic Zeljka P. , Raaijmakers Michiel J. T. , Dingemans Theo J. , Benes Nieck E. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe sorption of compressed carbon dioxide and methane in a series of all‐aromatic poly(etherimide) (PEI) thin films is presented. The polymer films are derived from the reactions between an arylether diamine (P1) and four different dianhydrides [3,3′,4,4′‐oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA), 3,3′,4,4′ biphenyltetra‐carboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), 3,3′,4,4′‐benzo‐phenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA)] that have been selected to systematically change the flexibility of the polymer backbone, the segmental mobility, and the nonequilibrium excess free volume (EFV) of the polymer. The EFV, gas sorption capacities, and sorption‐ and temperature‐induced dynamic changes in film thickness and refractive index have been investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The sorption capacity depends to a great extent on the PEI backbone composition. PMDA‐P1 shows the highest carbon dioxide sorption, combined with the lowest sorption selectivity because of the predominant sorption of methane in the EFV. For ODPA‐P1, the highest sorption selectivity is obtained, while it shows little long‐term relaxations at carbon dioxide pressures up to 25 bar. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 986–993
Cross‐resistance to prosulfocarb + S‐metolachlor and pyroxasulfone selected by either herbicide in Lolium rigidum
Authors: Busi Roberto , Powles Stephen B 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDWeeds can be a greater constraint to crop production than animal pests and pathogens. Pre‐emergence herbicides are crucial in many cropping systems to control weeds that have evolved resistance to selective post‐emergence herbicides. In this study we assessed the potential to evolve resistance to the pre‐emergence herbicides prosulfocarb + S‐metolachlor or pyroxasulfone in 50 individual field Lolium rigidum populations collected in a random survey in Western Australia prior to commercialisation of these pre‐emergence herbicides.RESULTSThis study shows for the first time that in randomly collected L. rigidum field populations the selection with either prosulfocarb + S‐metolachlor or pyroxasulfone can result in concomitant evolution of resistance to both prosulfocarb + S‐metolachlor and pyroxasulfone after three generations.CONCLUSIONSIn the major weed L. rigidum, traits conferring resistance to new herbicides can be present before herbicide commercialisation. Proactive and multidisciplinary research (evolutionary ecology, modelling and molecular biology) is required to detect and analyse resistant populations before they can appear in the field. Several studies show that evolved cross‐resistance in weeds is complex and often unpredictable. Thus, long‐term management of cross‐resistant weeds must be achieved through heterogeneity of selection by effective chemical, cultural and physical weed control strategies that can delay herbicide resistance evolution. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
DroidScreening: a practical framework for real‐world Android malware analysis
Authors: Yu Junfeng , Huang Qingfeng , Yian CheeHoo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAnalyzing Android malware sample is a time‐consuming and error‐prone work. Automatic techniques to perform suspicious apps screening and threat level evaluation is highly desired by the antivirus industry. In this paper, we proposed a novel automated framework called DroidScreening to speed up the Android malware analysis process and to assist antivirus analyst in generating the heuristics pattern for scanner. DroidScreening employs lazy associative classification (LAC) algorithms to produce classification model by learning from malicious evidence features extracted by using static analysis on Android application package files. Moreover, we proposed a novel high‐interaction execution environment that can interact with malicious Android code, so that the analysis samples are induced to start executing their true malicious behavior. Experimentation on malware datasets and using LAC with traditional learning approaches show that the LAC algorithms outperformed other classification algorithms. Finally, we analyzed the performance of DroidScreening and compare it with other similar research work. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.