bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Imidazolidine‐2‐thiones via Ring Expansion of Aziridine‐2‐carboxylates with Isothiocyanates.
Authors: Tabarki Mohamed Ali , Besbes Rafaa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractElectronic effects and steric hindrance of the N‐substituents in aziridines and isothiocyanates lead is some cases to the epimerization of the starting aziridines and/or the formation of imidazolidin‐4‐thiones (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Arylations of 1,2,3‐Triazoles by Reusable Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts in Biomass‐Derived γ‐Valerolactone.
Authors: Tian Xu , Yang Fanzhi , Rasina Dace , Bauer Michaela , Warratz Svenja , Ferlin Francesco , Vaccaro Luigi , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOptimized conditions A) are elaborated to produce a series of fully functionalized title compounds in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,6‐trans‐ and 3,3,6‐Trisubstituted Tetrahydropyran‐4‐ones from Maitland—Japp Derived 2H‐Dihydropyran‐4‐ones: A Total Synthesis of Diospongin B.
Authors: Clarke Paul A. , Nasir Nadiah Mad , Sellars Philip B. , Peter Alejandra M. , Lawson Connor A. , Burroughs James L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA modification of the Maitland—Japp reaction utilizing orthoamides provides access to a range of 6‐substituted dihydropyranones.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Magnetically Separable Sulfated Boric Acid Functionalized Nanoparticles for Hantzsch Ester Synthesis.
Authors: Azizi Kobra , Azarnia Jamshid , Karimi Meghdad , Yazdani Elahe , Heydari Akbar 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSulfated boric acid nanoparticles immobilized on a silica‐coated magnetite support efficiently catalyze the condensation of aldehydes with two equivalents of a β‐keto ester in the presence of ammonium acetate furnishing dihydropyridine derivatives in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: DABCO‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Three Component Synthesis of Dihydropyrano[3,2‐c]chromene Substituted Quinazolines and Their Evaluation Towards Anticancer Activity.
Authors: Vodnala Sumathi , Bhavani A. K. D. , Kamutam Ramakrishna , Naidu V. G. M. , Promila Promila , Prabhakar Ch. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe synthesized compounds (IV) are screened for their anticancer activity against the breast cancer cell lines MDA‐MB 231 and MDA‐MB 453.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Chlorides with Diborons.
Authors: Yamamoto Yutaro , Matsubara Hiroshi , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA broad spectrum of aromatic chlorides can be successfully transformed to the desired boron compounds, required as suitable agents in various fields of organic chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Access to Arylated Spirocyclic Bisphosphonates.
Authors: Lord Taylor M. , Casino Stephanie L. , Hartzell Susan E. , Garcia Kevin J. , Pike Robert D. , Stockland Robert A. Jr. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTransesterification of pentaerythritol (I) is followed by cross‐coupling in the presence of aryl iodides or bromides under conditions B) or C).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents from Cicuta virosa Linnaeus and Their Reversal Effects on Doxorubicin‐Resistant Human Myelogenous Leukemia (K562/A02) Cells.
Authors: Wang Shu‐Qi , Zhang Qing‐Wei , Wang Xiao‐Ling , Di Xia‐Xia , Wang Xiao‐Ning , Lou Hong‐Xiang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo novel compounds 11,11‐dimer of scopoletin (I) and 11‐O‐β‐glucopyranosylhamaudol (II) are isolated and identified from the whole grass of Cicuta virosa.
Trap design and construction for high‐power multinuclear magnetic resonance experiments
Authors: Rispoli Joseph V. , Dimitrov Ivan E. , Cheshkov Sergey , Malloy Craig , Wright Steven M. , McDougall Mary P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPerforming multinuclear experiments requires one or more radiofrequency (RF) coils operating at both the proton and second‐nucleus frequencies; however, inductive coupling between coils must be mitigated to retain proton sensitivity and coil tuning stability. The inclusion of trap circuits simplifies placement of multinuclear RF coils while maintaining inter‐element isolation. Of the commonly investigated non‐proton nuclei, perhaps the most technically demanding is carbon‐13, particularly when applying a proton decoupling scheme to improve the resulting spectra. This work presents experimental data for trap circuits withstanding high‐power broadband proton decoupling of carbon‐13 at 7 T. The advantages and challenges of building trap circuits with various inductor and capacitor components are discussed. Multiple trap designs are evaluated on the bench and utilized on an RF coil at 7 T to detect broadband proton‐decoupled carbon‐13 spectra from a lipid phantom. A particular trap design, built from a coaxial stub inductor and high‐voltage ceramic chip capacitors, is highlighted owing to both its performance and adaptability for planar array coil elements with diverse spatial orientations.
A service oriented cloud‐based architecture for mobile geolocated emergency services
Authors: Rossi C. , Heyi M. H. , Scullino F. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryDespite the growing development of space‐based systems aimed at monitoring and studying natural hazards, they continue to harm humankind worldwide, causing enormous human and economic losses. In a view of improving the effectiveness and the timeliness of existing emergency systems, we propose a service‐oriented cloud‐based software architecture for mobile sensing applications. Exploiting existing Global Navigation Satellite Systems and public Cloud Computing services, we implement a set of mobile geolocated services enabling mobile devices to send real‐time in‐field observations. Such observations could be used by authorities and first responders for both Early Warning and Emergency Response services complementing in real time the situational assessment provided by existing means, eg, remote sensed information and in‐situ sensors. We propose a Service Oriented Architecture that can be used as a reference for implementing the back end of mobile applications requiring to send crowdsourced geolocated reports. We fully implement a real application, and we evaluate its performances with Microsoft Azure varying the user load and the main deployment parameters. Our results can be taken as reference to assess the capability of future applications with similar requirements.
High‐Purity Hybrid Organolead Halide Perovskite Nanoparticles Obtained by Pulsed‐Laser Irradiation in Liquid
Authors: Amendola Vincenzo , Fortunati Ilaria , Marega Carla , Abdelhady Ahmed L. , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Bakr Osman M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNanoparticles of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have attracted a great deal of attention due to their variety of optoelectronic properties, their low cost, and their easier integration into devices with complex geometry, compared with microcrystalline, thin‐film, or bulk metal halides. Here we present a novel one‐step synthesis of organolead bromide perovskite nanocrystals based on pulsed‐laser irradiation in a liquid environment (PLIL). Starting from a bulk CH3NH3PbBr3 crystal, our PLIL procedure does not involve the use of high‐boiling‐point polar solvents or templating agents, and runs at room temperature. The resulting nanoparticles are characterized by high crystallinity and are completely free of any microscopic product or organic coating layer. We also demonstrate the straightforward inclusion of laser‐generated perovskite nanocrystals in a polymeric matrix to form a nanocomposite with single‐ and two‐photon luminescence properties.
Linking Diffusion–Viscosity Decoupling and Jump Dynamics in a Hydroxyl‐Functionalized Ionic Liquid: Realization of Microheterogeneous Nature of the Medium
Authors: Das Sudhir Kumar , Majhi Debashis , Sahu Prabhat Kumar , Sarkar Moloy 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAnalysis of time‐resolved fluorescence anisotropy data in light of the Stokes–Einstein–Debye hydrodynamic description reveals significant decoupling of rotational motion of the solute and the viscosity of the medium for a hydroxyl‐functionalized ionic liquid (IL). This behavior and NMR experiments indicate that the hydroxyl‐functionalized IL is more heterogeneous than other structurally similar ILs. Considering that recent theoretical investigations have demonstrated that the jump dynamics and hydrogen‐bond fluctuations are closely related in viscous media, in such a case the hydrodynamic description can provide inconsistent results, and the present inapplicability of the hydrodynamics description in explaining solute rotation in a viscous hydroxyl‐functionalized IL perhaps provides experimental support to the role of orientational jumps and hydrogen bond formation in that event.
New Method to Study Ion–Molecule Reactions at Low Temperatures and Application to the Reaction
Authors: Allmendinger Pitt , Deiglmayr Johannes , Schullian Otto , Höveler Katharina , Agner Josef A. , Schmutz Hansjürg , Merkt Frédéric 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Dr. Johannes Deiglmayr (ETH Zurich). The image shows the setup developed to study the fundamental ion–neutral reaction H2++H2→H3++H at collision energies encountered in outer space and the measured energy dependence of the cross section. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201600828.
A Hierarchical Bipyridine‐Constructed Framework for Highly Efficient Carbon Dioxide Capture and Catalytic Conversion
Authors: Dai Zhifeng , Sun Qi , Liu Xiaolong , Guo Liping , Li Jixue , Pan Shuxiang , Bian Chaoqun , Wang Liang , Hu Xin , Meng Xiangju , Zhao Leihong , Deng Feng , Xiao Feng‐Shou 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAs a C1 feedstock, CO2 has the potential to be uniquely highly economical in both a chemical and a financial sense. Porous materials bearing particular binding and active sites that can capture and convert CO2 simultaneously are promising candidates for CO2 utilization. In this work, a bipyridine‐constructed polymer featuring a high surface area, a hierarchical porous structure, and excellent stability was synthesized through free‐radical polymerization. After metalation, the resultant catalysts exhibited superior activities in comparison with those of their homogeneous counterparts in the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides. The high performance of the heterogeneous catalysts originates from cooperative effects between the CO2‐philic polymer and the embedded metal species. In addition, the catalysts showed excellent stabilities and are readily recyclable; thus, they are promising for practical utilization for the conversion of CO2 into value‐added chemicals.
A Molecular Ni‐complex Containing Tetrahedral Nickel Selenide Core as Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation
Authors: Masud Jahangir , Ioannou Polydoros‐Chrysovalantis , Levesanos Nikolaos , Kyritsis Panayotis , Nath Manashi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the groups of Prof. Manashi Nath from the Missouri University of Science & Technology and Prof. Panayotis Kyritsis from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. The image shows a graphical representation of producing clean and green energy through electrochemical water splitting aided by a simple bifunctional electrocatalyst. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201601054.
Annual precipitation regulates spatial and temporal drivers of lake water clarity
Authors: Rose Kevin C. , Greb Steven R. , Diebel Matthew , Turner Monica G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how and why lakes vary and respond to different drivers through time and space is needed to understand, predict, and manage freshwater quality in an era of rapidly changing land use and climate. Water clarity regulates many characteristics of aquatic ecosystems and is responsive to watershed features, making it a sentinel of environmental change. However, whether precipitation alters the relative importance of features that influence lake water clarity or the spatial scales at which they operate is unknown. We used a data set of thousands of northern temperate lakes and asked (1) How does water clarity differ between a very wet vs. dry year? (2) Does the relative importance of different watershed features, or the spatial extent at which they are measured, vary between wet and dry years? (3) What lake and watershed characteristics regulate long‐term water clarity trends? Among lakes, water clarity was reduced and less variable in the wet year than in the dry year; furthermore, water clarity was reduced much more in high‐clarity lakes during the wet year than in low‐clarity lakes. Climate, land use/land cover, and lake morphometry explained most variance in clarity among lakes in both years, but the spatial scales at which some features were important differed between the dry and wet years. Watershed percent agriculture was most important in the dry year, whereas riparian zone percent agriculture (around each lake and upstream features) was most important in the wet year. Between 1991 and 2012, water clarity declined in 23% of lakes and increased in only 6% of lakes. Conductance influenced the direction of temporal trend (clarity declined in lakes with low conductance), whereas the proportion of watershed wetlands, catchment‐to‐lake‐area ratio, and lake maximum depth interacted with antecedent precipitation. Many predictors of water clarity, such as lake depth and landscape position, are features that cannot be readily managed. Given trends of increasing precipitation, eliminating riparian zone agriculture or keeping it <10% of area may be an effective option to maintain or improve water clarity.
Quantifying the benefits of urban forest systems as a component of the green infrastructure stormwater treatment network
Authors: Kuehler Eric , Hathaway Jon , Tirpak Andrew 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe use of green infrastructure for reducing stormwater runoff is increasingly common. One under‐studied component of the green infrastructure network is the urban forest system. Trees can play an important role as the “first line of defense” for restoring more natural hydrologic regimes in urban watersheds by intercepting rainfall, delaying runoff, infiltrating, and transpiring captured stormwater. However, inadequate research quantifying the urban tree contribution to rainfall/runoff processes limits their promotion by stormwater managers. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight the limited research performed, document areas of need for quantifying the benefits of urban trees for stormwater management, and provide a basis for providing credits for trees in stormwater designs. Recent research has shown that urban trees can retain a sizable volume of annual rainfall in their crowns, delay the flow of stormwater runoff, substantially increase the infiltration capacity of urban soils, and provide transpiration of sequestered runoff for additional stormwater storage. Tree canopy effectiveness is highest during short, low‐intensity storms and lower as rainfall volume and intensity increases. While soils are the best medium to store and filter stormwater, trees may be integrated with other runoff reduction strategies to bring more natural hydrologic processes to urban watersheds by taking advantage of multiple points of retention. Gaps remain in the body of research, but there is a basis for considering trees an integral part of the watershed‐scale green infrastructure network that helps reduce the volume and intensity of urban stormwater runoff.
Wildfire impacts on California spotted owl nesting habitat in the Sierra Nevada
Authors: Stephens Scott L. , Miller Jay D. , Collins Brandon M. , North Malcolm P. , Keane John J. , Roberts Susan L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCalifornia spotted owls (CSOs) (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) have received significant conservation attention beginning with the U.S. Forest Service interim management guidelines in 1992. The most commonly reported forest habitat feature for successful nesting habitat ofCSOis canopy cover > 70%. Loss and degradation of Sierra NevadaCSOhabitat, however, has been a growing concern, initially from commercial tree harvesting and, more recently, from wildfire. This study examined trends in wildfire impacts on potential nesting habitat of theCSOand discusses different management approaches that might lead to the conservation ofCSOin fire‐dependent forests. A total of 85,046 ha ofCSOpotential nesting habitat was burned by fire that resulted in ≥ 50% tree basal area (BA) mortality, reducing canopy cover on average to < 25%, during 2000–2014; this included 2.7%, 12.3%, and 7.6% of dense red fir (Abies magnifica), eastside pine, and westside forests, respectively. Based on regression predictions, within the next 75 yr, the cumulative amount of nesting habitat burned at ≥ 50% tree basal area mortality will exceed the total existing habitat. Four management strategies are discussed that could enhance the conservation of theCSO: (1) increased fire suppression, (2) strategically reducing fire hazards using mechanical treatments and/or prescribed fire, (3) increasing the amount of managed wildfire inCSOhabitat, and (4) developing a landscape strategy that uses historical forest structure information to identify areas where high‐canopy cover forests are more sustainable. Our estimates of how moderate‐ and high‐severity fire may affect forests into the future poise a substantial threat toCSOpersistence. More comprehensive forest restoration activities may be needed inCSOhabitat to avoid significant losses of older forests.
Habitat specialization explains avian persistence in tidal marshes
Authors: Correll Maureen D. , Wiest Whitney A. , Olsen Brian J. , Shriver W. Gregory , Elphick Chris S. , Hodgman Thomas P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHabitat specialists are declining at alarming rates worldwide, driving biodiversity loss of the earth's next mass extinction. Specialist organisms maintain smaller functional niches than their generalist counterparts, and tradeoffs exist between these contrasting life history strategies, creating conservation challenges for specialist taxa. There is little work, however, explicitly quantifying “specialization”; such information is necessary for the development of focused conservation strategies in light of the rapidly changing landscapes of the modern world. In this study, we tested whether habitat specialism explains the persistence of breeding bird populations in tidal marshes of the northeastern United States. We used the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) together with contemporary marsh bird surveys to develop a Marsh Specialization Index (MSI) for 106 bird species that regularly use tidal marshes during the breeding season. We produced four metrics of species persistence (occupancy, abundance, total biomass supported, and 14‐yr population trends) and compared them to MSI values in one of the first community‐scale demonstrations of specialist loss in disturbed landscapes. Our results confirm that tidal marsh specialism has short‐term benefits but long‐term consequences for bird persistence in coastal marsh systems, results that are generalizable across many changing landscapes. We then use this robust support of niche theory to recommend MSI as a tool for quantitatively identifying species of conservation concern in disturbed and rapidly changing landscapes such as tidal marsh.
U.S.federal fire and forest policy: emphasizing resilience in dry forests
Authors: Stephens Scott L. , Collins Brandon M. , Biber Eric , Fulé Peter Z. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCurrentU.S.forest fire policy emphasizes short‐term outcomes versus long‐term goals. This perspective drives managers to focus on the protection of high‐valued resources, whether ecosystem‐based or developed infrastructure, at the expense of forest resilience. Given these current and future challenges posed by wildland fire and because theU.S.Forest Service spent >50% of its budget on fire suppression in 2015, a review and reexamination of existing policy is warranted. One of the most difficult challenges to revising forest fire policy is that agency organizations and decision making processes are not structured in ways to ensure that fire management is thoroughly considered in management decisions. Current resource‐specific policies are so focused on individual concerns that they may be missing the fact that there are “endangered landscapes” that are threatened by changing climate and fire. We propose that forest restoration should be at least equal to other land management priorities because large‐scale restoration is necessary for the sake of forest ecosystem integrity now and into the future. Another proposal is to switch the “default” rule in federal planning documents that currently have to “justify” managed wildland fire; instead,U.S.federal agencies should be required to disclose the long‐term ecological impacts of continued fire suppression. Proposed legislation that identifies the most expensive 2% of wildfires annually to be funded from emergency funding instead of by the federal land management agencies. If increases in forest restoration fail to accompany the change in how large wildfires are funded, thenU.S.fire suppression costs will remain high while resilience will continue to decline. Expansion of the wildland–urban interface will continue to drive suppression costs higher; new federal partnerships with States and local governments are needed to address this problem. Given the legacy of fire suppression and a future of climate change, management for other values in forests will be, in the long run, futile without also managing for long‐term forest resilience.
A generalized integrated population model to estimate greater sage‐grouse population dynamics
Authors: McCaffery Rebecca , Lukacs Paul M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFor species of conservation concern, assessing population dynamics consistently across different populations is of paramount importance to effective conservation and restoration planning. This effort presents a challenge for wide‐ranging species with considerable variation in both abundance and demographic rates. Raw counts of individuals are typically used to assess population trends at broad scales, but the demographic rates that explain changes in population size can only feasibly be measured at local scales. We developed a generalized integrated population model, which combines the strengths of these two data types, for the greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). We used N‐mixture models to estimate annual abundance from counts of males at breeding leks and constructed a two‐sex, demographic matrix model using published vital rate estimates for male and female sage‐grouse from across their range. We applied the model to 13 years of statewide lek counts for Montana, USA. Then, we applied the model to local, annually varying vital rate estimates and lek count data from a population in the Powder River Basin in Montana and Wyoming. We demonstrate potential for this modeling approach to improve our understanding of sage‐grouse population dynamics in a consistent and robust framework, especially as data quality and quantity increases. We use our results to highlight the need for better data on sex and age ratios, female population size, and the proportion of active leks being monitored each year. While our model was focused on the greater sage‐grouse, this approach could be applied to a variety of sensitive species to compare population dynamics across a species’ range.