bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensuring Zonal Isolation During Abandonment with an Innovative Coiled Tubing Placement Technique
Authors: Tanoto E. , Jaffery M. F. , Pasteris M. , Habeahan P. T. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A flowing or pressure-sustained annulus is a live threat to the environment, population, vegetation, and natural habitat. In the current oilfield environment under strengthened regulations from regulatory authorities, zonal isolation must be assured before completely abandoning a well. In the west region of Sumatra, Indonesia, a large number of shallow injector wells are drilled; after passing a certain age and productive life, they are abandoned. Most of these wells have lost circulation and therefore need a cost- and time-efficient cement placement method that can demonstrate zonal isolation by means of cement bond logs.
The conventional cement placement method across the perforations requires several steps: placing cement, squeezing, leaving the cement on top of the perforations, waiting on cement, drilling the cement, and running the cement bond log. A novel squeeze method was deployed as a solution by combining a chemical contaminant and a squeeze technique. The objective was to perform the cement bond log directly after wait on cement without spending time to drill out the cement. In this technique, cement was placed using a coiled tubing pump-and-pull method: A squeeze was performed in the perforations; then coiled tubing was run into the well below 30 ft of perforations and an engineered contaminant fluid was pumped to contaminate the cement in the tubing. After the recommended wait- on-cement time, the cement bond log was run to confirm zonal isolation across the perforations. This technique eliminated the need to drill the set cement in the slim tubing, saving several days of work time.
In most of the wells, the cement bond log showed less than 5 mV, which helped to determine the achievement of zonal isolation. Furthermore pressure tests were conducted to ensure the zonal isolation across the perforated intervals.
Engineered cement and contaminant design is required to ensure cement will gain and maintain designed mechanical properties behind the tubing. This paper will discuss the case histories from six wells in the west region of Sumatra field, where the novel coiled tubing placement technique has been applied and proven successful and cost-effective.
Advanced Modeling of Cement Displacement Complexities
Authors: Enayatpour Saeid , van Oort Eric 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Cement job success is largely determined by fluid displacement efficiency. Optimum displacement requires understanding of flow patterns, frictional pressure losses and mutual interactions of mud, spacers and cement in annular spaces. Modeling this complex behavior is very difficult, but understanding it is essential to guarantee displacement success. A state-of-the-art cement displacement study was carried out using the very latest in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling techniques, to identify practical guidelines and solutions to cement displacement challenges.
A state-of-the-art 3D "3-phase" (i.e. mud-spacer-cement phases) CFD model was created and simulations were carried out, featuring tracking of fluid interfaces during displacement, calculation of frictional pressure drops, and characterization of complex flow profiles. These simulations accounted for the effects of such complexities as non-Newtonian rheological behavior of all fluids involved, eccentric / narrow annuli, and pipe movement / rotation. The integrated study clearly identifies the root cause(s) of cement displacement failures and highlights comprehensive practical solutions, which are proposed for implementation in field operations.
There are many causes for cement displacement problems and failures, including poor borehole conditioning, inappropriate displacement flow rates, insufficient casing centralization, viscosity contrast mismatches between mud-spacer-cement leading to interface instabilities, etc. Our high-resolution finite element study quantifies the effects of many of these causes and highlights parameters that can improve displacement, such as avoiding high shear strength in non-Newtonian mud and cement rheology, reducing pipe eccentricity and applying pipe rotation during displacement. The modeling approach is used to identify optimum parameters values, and studies interdependencies between factors, for instance determining optimum rheology, flow rate and pipe rotation speeds when pipe is placed eccentrically in the hole, in order to maximize the probability of displacement success in the field. Particularly revealing are the non-intuitive results obtained while modeling mud, spacer and cement as non-Newtonian yield power law (YPL) fluids, which has never been done before.
This paper presents: (1) a new, state-of-the-art 3D CFD model; (2) advanced numerical analysis of cement displacement, taking into account complexities such as non-Newtonian rheology, borehole enlargement, pipe eccentricity, and pipe movement during displacement; (3) practical guidelines derived from the modeling results that can be used for improved cement job pre-planning and field application.
Advancements in APB Mitigation for Thunder Horse Wells
Authors: Miller Richard A. , Coy Alejandro , Frank Gustavo , Dondale Aaron 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A wide variety of annular pressure buildup (APB) mitigation techniques have been deployed in the past two decades. In the early 2000s, BP focused efforts on the development and implementation of rupture disks, nitrified foam spacers, syntactic foam modules and vacuum insulated tubing (VIT). Initiatives to simplify operations while maintaining well integrity have led to innovative techniques which expand the APB mitigation toolkit.
BP's Gulf of Mexico Thunder Horse drilling team has recently pursued three APB mitigation techniques. One method is to fully-cement the annulus, thereby removing the fluid that is subject to thermal expansion in a trapped annulus. A second method uses a qualified port collar to equalize pressure across a casing string. The third method focuses on better acquisition and utilization of mud pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) data for a more precise prediction of the APB design loads.
These methods and techniques have led to the removal of syntactic foam from some wells in the Thunder Horse field. The design change reduces installation time and operational complexity during well construction and abandonment.
This paper provides a description and technical details around the planning and job execution for the fully-cemented annulus and the use of port collars for pressure equalization. It also discusses the motivation behind acquiring PVT data specific to a particular mud system and provides interpretation of laboratory data. The work may be useful for other operators as they plan and execute wells subject to the potential for APB.
Challenges in Elastomer Technology for Drill-Through Equipment
Authors: Berckenhoff Mike , Hack Richard J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Sealing demands have increased due to high and low temperature exposure, intensifying wellbore pressure, and aggressive fluids. Innovative ideas are required to formulate elastomeric compounds and engineer optimized seal geometries in drill through equipment. For static conditions like a BX ring gasket, metal to metal seals generally provide adequate sealing capabilities. However, for dynamic sealing conditions like the actuation of a ram blowout preventer (BOP), elastomers are generally required for well control sealing. The design of annular and ram BOP packers highlight how the use of elastomers with properly designed inserts can close an extrusion gap to improve packer performance. Optimizing the design of the assembly and elastomeric compound is critical to meet challenging performance requirements. Multiple examples demonstrate how laboratory evaluation of elastomeric compounds and full scale component testing improve the final product. Lab tests include procedures such as mechanical properties testing and compatibility testing in drilling mud and other chemicals. Product testing includes full scale fatigue testing, sealing characteristics testing, and temperature testing. The development of annular and ram BOP packers serve as examples of how advances in elastomer technology improve performance and extend service life of drill through equipment.
Statistical Method for Error Prediction in Decision Support and Control Systems
Authors: Aghito Manuel 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A statistical method for improving the accuracy of predictive mathematical models used in drilling operations is proposed. The scheme can be applied in drilling automation, for example for improving accuracy in automated control systems such as managed pressure drilling (MPD), and for more reliable real-time monitoring and decision support systems.
The proposed method is applied to a simulated case of MPD. Hydraulic model predictions of BHP are continuously compared to PWD readings. A short sequence with varying pump rate is run to train the statistics, which are collected at each pump rate, and refined considering also the pump rate derivative. This is visualized as a 3D surface giving a clear illustration of the error signature of the simulated case. The estimated error is added to the set point of the choke control system, demonstrating a clear improvement of BHP control.
We proposed a new statistical method that uses real-time sensor data to perform automatic fingerprinting of the predictive performance of a given model. The principle is simple but powerful and can be applied to many cases. It can be combined with smart visualization tools in decision support systems, helping to build confidence in the users, or even utilized to adjust the initial prediction for improved accuracy in control systems. The tool is independent of the internal calculations in the mathematical model, and it can therefore be utilized in combination with any model.
Drilling Dynamics Data Recorders Now Cost-Effective for Every Operator - Compact Embedded Sensors in Bit and BHA Capture Small Data to Make the Right Decisions Fast
Authors: Jones Steve , Sugiura Junichi , Rose Karl , Schnuriger Matthew 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Historically, everyday drilling dynamics measurements rely on the data captured at Measurement While Drilling (MWD) tools. These measurements only provide data at the location where the MWD is placed in the bottom-hole assembly (BHA). Embedding cost-effective sensors at the drill bit, bit box of steerable motor, top sub of the steerable motor and in the BHA provide data at point of insertion giving a much clearer understanding of downhole dynamics. The sensor package discussed in this paper contains 3-axis vibration, 3-axis shock, two temperature sensors and a new 3-axis gyro. The new 3-axis solid-state gyro sensors were added in the data recorder to measure accurate rotation speed, torsional oscillation and stick-slip at the bit, bit box and other parts of the BHA/drillstring.
The data retrieved at the in-bit and bit-box drilling dynamics recorders, along with other points in the BHA, confirmed the effectiveness of "at-point" measurements for correlating bit conditions with downhole drilling dynamics. This granularity of the drilling dynamics data captured "at-point" is typically not seen from an MWD sensor. The in-bit and at-bit measurements revealed critical drilling dynamics dysfunctions that effected bit performance and life. Significant temperature increases at the bit were noted in certain formations where excessive dysfunctions were present.
This paper describes the results obtained from "at-point" sensors while drilling in some of the harsher plays in North America Land (NAL). Using proprietary software, the downhole data was merged with EDR data to show the relationship between surface and downhole. Since the bit is typically semi-decoupled from the drillstring (through the mud motor power section), the data gathered from the in-bit and bit-box sensors provide a new dimension of data for bit and drilling tool development.
ANALISIS PERSONALITY AUDITOR INTERN SERTA PENGSRUHNYA TERHADAP KINERJA BAITUL MAL WAT TAMWIL
Authors: Wardayati Siti Maria 
Published: March 2017

<p>A classic problem faced by the management of sharia financial institutions, in this case Baitul Mal Wat Tamwil (BMT), has been being still the same from year to year, namely the limitation of human resources in term of quality, including their internal auditors. An internal auditor is able to influence<br />the performance of sharia financial institutions whether it is good or bad, because an internal auditor is responsible for providing analysis, information, financial evaluation services, even for giving recommendations to the management. The goals of this research are (1) to find out the characteristics of the variables of the research, namely: internal auditor’s personality, internal auditor’s professionalism, internal auditor’s work result, and sharia financial institution’s<br />performance. The result of the research demonstrates that (1) as regards the variable of internal auditor’s personality, formal education indicator could not explain internal auditor’s personality, as regards the variable of internal auditor’s professionalism, professional social responsibility<br />indicator was the strongest indicator in explaining internal auditor’s professionalism, as regards internal auditor’s work result, management’s commitment indicator is the strongest indicator in explaining internal auditor’s work result, and as regards sharia financial institution’s (BMT) performance variable, capital structure and efficiency is two strongest indicators in explaining sharia financial institution’s (BMT) performance, and (2) internal auditor’s personality, internal<br />auditor’s professionalism, internal auditor’s work result, and sharia financial institution’s performance has a positive and significant correlation, which mean that the better the auditor<br />internal’s personality the more professional the internal auditor, the more professional the internal auditor the better the work result, the better the work result the better sharia financial institution’s (BMT) performance.</p>
Masalah-Masalah Moral Masyarakat di Surat Kabar: Studi Kasus terhadap Halaman â€œKasusâ€ di Surat Kabar Harian Kedaulatan Rakyat
Authors: Tridiatno Y. Agus 
Published: March 2017

Abstract: Information delivered by the media makes the people to communicate each other focus on that information. In the long run, communication about the same object between the people will construct a certain community characterized by the ideology of the media. In this sense, communication media plays its role constructing a community. Besides, communication media can also present the social reality only. It does not build a community, but just portraits it. Newspaper can build a certain community with information published in it. But it can just portrait the social reality of its readers. Kedaulatan Rakyat, the oldest newspaper in Indonesia, of course plays the functions above. It builds a community of the readers or just portraits the social reality of society. This paper describes moral problems of the people portrayed byÂ Kedaulatan Rakyat especially its â€œKasusâ€ page. Economic moral cases stays in the first rank among others. The age of 26 up to 45 yearsâ€™ invidious is critical ages for doing immoral acts.
Kecenderungan Objektivitas Pemberitaan Epidemi Virus H5N1 dalam International Herald Tribune Online
Authors: Puspita Birgitta Bestari 
Published: March 2017

Abstract: Newspapers have to be objective in representing the news to the audience. This research wanted to measure the objectivityâ€™s tendency of the news about H5N1 virus, which attacked Indonesia in year 2003. The newsâ€™ objectivities on International Herald Tribune from January 2005 until December 2006 were being measured with the Westerstahlâ€™s Objectivityâ€™s Principle and content analysis as the method. There are 2 dimensions in Westerstahlâ€™s Objectivityâ€™s Principle. First is factuality, which consists of truth and relevance, and the second one is impartiality which consists of balance and neutral presentation.Â Abstrak: Surat kabar harus obyektif dalam menyajikan berita kepada audiens. Riset ini ingin mengukur kecenderungan obyektivitas berita tentang virus H5N1 yang melanda Indonesia pada tahun 2003. Obyektivitas berita diukur berdasar prinsip-prinsip obyektivitas Westerstahl dan menggunakan metode analisis isi. Ada dua dimensi dalam prinsip-prinsip obyektivitas Westerstahl. Pertama adalah faktualitas yang terdiri dari kebenaran dan relevansi, dan yang kedua adalah imparsialitas yang terdiri dari keseimbangan dan penyajian yang netral.
Komodifikasi Perempuan dalam Iklan Televisi
Authors: Fernandez Primeiro Wahyubinatara 
Published: March 2017

Abstract: Women and sexual attraction is to be one weapon in the arsenal of the ads. In the version of AXE advertisement â€œTurun Hargaâ€, the author indicates the presence of the commodification of women. This paper discusses how the signs set in them to communicate with the target and how the structure of the message that commodificate women. The method of analysis used in this paper is semiotics Greimasian combined with Marxian feminist perspective.Â Abstrak: Perempuan dan daya tarik seksual merupakan senjata dalam iklan. Dalam iklan Axe versi â€œTurub Hargaâ€, peneliti mendapatkan sajian komodifikasi perempuan. Artikel ini mendiskusikan bagaimana tanda-tanda dirangkai untuk erkomunikasi dengan target dan bagaimana struktur pesan yang mengkomodifikasi perempuan. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Semiotika Greimasian yang dikombinasikan dengan perspektif Feminis Marxisme.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman dan Partisipasi Mengenai Transparansi Informasi Publik di Kabupaten Lebak
Authors: Dimyati Idi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract: The transparency of public information is one of important elements to embody good governance. The commission for transparency and participation (KTP) at Lebak, Banten Provincial government, has empowered people to create transparency of public information. This qualitative research with case studies reveals the community empowerment model made by KTP. The result shows a model of people empowermentÂ characterised by structural approach and cultural approach. The structural approach is embodied in the formation of Citizens Information Centre (PIW), whilts the cultural approach is represented in the arrangement of a Coffee Morning programme, a public consultation and socialization regarding the transparency of public information as citizenâ€™s rights.Abstrak: Transparansi informasi publik merupakan elemen penting untuk mewujudkan good governance. Komisi Transparansi dan Partisipasi (KTP) di Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten telah memberdayakan masyarakatnya guna menciptakan transparansi informasi publik. Penelitian kualitatif dengan studi kasus ini mengungkap model pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh KTP. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan model pemberdayaan masyarakat menggunakan pendekatan struktural dan pendekatan kultural. Pendekatan struktural dilakukan dengan membentuk Pusat Informasi Warga (PIW) di seluruh Kecamatan. Sedangkan pendekatan kultural ditempuh dengan menggelar coffee morning serta mengadakan konsultasi publik dan sosialisasi terkait transparansi informasi publik yang menjadi hakwarga negara.
Unrestricted Quantification and Natural Theology: Is "the World" on the Index?
Authors: Hansen Stig Børsen 
Published: March 2017

The first section of this paper introduces talk about absolutely everything – the world as a totality – as an integral element in the project of natural theology, as it has been presented by Fergus Kerr and Denys Turner respectively. The following section presents talk about the world as a totality of facts as a theme in philosophical logic and outlines a problem it has given rise to there. After confronting the solution originally suggested by Bertrand Russell and defended by David Armstrong, the paper points to key elements of the solution presented by Wittgenstein in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. I show how Wittgenstein’s answer to the question of unrestricted quantification draws on his notion of showing and the inexpressible. Against this background, the concluding section draws attention to an important difference in ambition between Kerr’s and Turner’s description of the prospects for natural theology.
Plentern mit Kiefern – Ergebnisse aus den USA
Authors: Guldin James M. , Bragg Don C. , Zingg Andreas 
Published: March 2017

Plentering with pines – results from the United States
Until now, scientifically reliable data on plentering of light-demanding tree species in Europe have been lacking. This gap is filled with long-term trials from the USA, among others with southern yellow pines. In the southern state of Arkansas, two plots of 16 hectares were installed in 1936, in the context of a large-scale trial of mixed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Miller) stands, in which plentering has been applied using single-tree harvest of predominantly sawtimber-sized trees (dbh &gt;30 cm) with natural regeneration. The aim of the experiment is to investigate the possibilities and limits of uneven-aged silviculture with shade-intolerant tree species, and whether this can be applied in cutover southern yellow pine stands in order to improve the stand structure, to increase growth, and to make periodic harvests possible. The two plots were in different initial states – one more or less fully stocked, the other with poor initial stocking. Since 1936, 18 complete surveys have been conducted where all trees 10 cm and larger were tallied by diameter. During that same time period, 14 plenter harvests have been carried out using the Volume Control-Guiding Diameter Limit method in both plots. In order to check the variability of stand structure within the 16-hectare stands, each was subdivided into four quarters, and the diameter distributions were compared within each quarter. The uneven- aged structure was checked by a sample of tree-ring counts. Both stands retained continuous canopy cover throughout the observation period. The initial differences in the number of stems, the basal area, the standing volume, the proportion of sawtimber, the average basal area and the mean quadratic diameter dg became alike in the course of time, which shows the flexibility of plentering and the tendency to develop stands where the harvest of growth appears to be sustainable. The dg of the harvest was initially slightly more than 20 cm, but is today more than 50 cm. The average total growth is 6 m3/ha and year. The results show that these stands are uneven-aged stands in an advanced stage of the transformation to plentering. We suspect that in the absence of a major natural disturbance event, the plentering approach in southern yellow pines will continue to be promising in the future.