bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S16 National initiatives and cross-country collaboration for HEPA promotion: showcasing experiences of the EU Physical Activity Country Focal Points Network
Authors: Wickramasinghe Kremlin , Woods Catherine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The promotion of health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) within the European Union (EU) requires innovative strategies that can be developed through collaboration across Member States and with strong alignment between research and policy. The EU Physical Activity Country Focal Points Network has been pivotal in fostering such collaborations since its establishment in 2014. The Network has enabled Member States to share best practices, collaborate on projects, and enhance their national HEPA promotion strategies by disseminating the latest research. This symposium will highlight national good practice examples and include a ‘marketplace’ where each country focal point will be available to discuss their national priorities for HEPA promotion with researchers. The symposium will aim to provide a forum to support collaboration between HEPA practitioners, policy makers and researchers, to improve alignment of research with country priorities and identify new opportunities for HEPA promotion and future research areas.
250 Objectively assessed sit-to-stand reserve is associated with difficulties in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (iADL) among community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Löppönen Antti 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Physical reserve acts as a buffer against declines in physical function and can help maintain and restore it in acute situations that threaten physical function, such as illness. Previous studies have mainly focused on the difference between habitual and maximal walking speeds in the laboratory, neglecting the physical demands of free-living environment. Wearable sensors allow for a more comprehensive investigation of daily activities, including strength-demanding daily activities such as sit-to-stand (STS) transitions. This study investigates how STS reserve is associated with difficulties in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (iADL) among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
The study involved 230 individuals aged 79 to 89 years old, whose capacity for STS transitions was measured using the instrumented STS test and whose free-living STS transitions were continuously monitored for 24 hours a day for 4 days using a tri-axial accelerometer (UKK RM42). Variables associated with STS reserve and self-reported ADL/iADL difficulties were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression.

Results
Among the participants, 32.2% reported difficulties with one or two ADL/iADL functions, and 14.8% reported difficulties in three or more ADL/iADL functions. STS reserve was significantly associated with difficulties in one or two ADL/iADL functions (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70-0.97, per 10 deg/s increase) and three or more ADL/iADL functions (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.47-0.74, per 10 deg/s increase). After adjusting for baseline age, sex, self-reported pain, cerebrovascular diseases, MMSE, balance test, and walking speed, STS reserve remained significantly associated with difficulties in three or more ADL/iADL functions (OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.54-0.97, per 10 deg/s increase).

Conclusions
The findings suggest that reserve determined by strength-demanding STS transitions is associated with ADL/iADL difficulties, indicating that a strong reserve may enable unrestricted independent living.

Support/Funding Source
This study was supported by the Academy of Finland, the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture and an Advanced Grant from the European Research Council.
255 Evaluation and Comparison of Government-Funded School-Based Youth Physical Activity Counseling Initiatives in Finland for the 2024-2025 Academic Year
Authors: Kolunsarka Iiris 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Finland’s newly elected government launched their four-year programme titled “A Strong and Committed Finland.” Among its objectives is a significant emphasis on increasing physical activity across all age groups. To this end, the government introduced the 'Finland on the Move' initiative, dedicated to promoting an active lifestyle and improving the physical well-being of Finns. The initiative is supported by an annual budget of twenty million euros, and it consists of sixteen actions, with six specifically aimed at promoting physical activity among youth. One key action focuses on enhancing physical activity in schools, particularly through school-based youth physical activity counseling.

Project aim
This research project aims to evaluate and compare the government-funded school-based youth physical activity counseling initiatives implemented in Finland during the 2024-2025 academic year. The project seeks to answer the following research questions:
a) How is physical activity counseling conducted in Finnish schools?
b) How do participants benefit from the counseling?

Methods
The evaluation will begin with an analysis of publicly available program abstracts. Additionally, interviews and questionnaires will be conducted during and after the 2024-2025 academic year to gather comprehensive data.

Results (Primary)
A total of 123 cities received funding for promoting physical activity in schools, with 74 of these cities incorporating physical activity counseling into their project plans. The protocols for counseling varied significantly. Some cities will hire fitness instructors or counselors to work directly in schools, while others aim to create pathways for youth to access services provided by city-employed physical activity counselors. Certain projects focus on family-oriented physical activity counseling or lifestyle counseling, although nearly all target youth with low fitness and physical activity levels.

Conclusion
By identifying effective physical activity counseling strategies, this research project can help schools and cities implement best practices that encourage more active lifestyles among youth. Moreover, the findings from this research project can provide valuable insights for policymakers. Understanding which initiatives are most effective allows for better allocation of resources and more informed decisions about future funding and program development.
256 Bridging the Gap: Translating Sport Injury Prevention Research into Community-Level Practice
Authors: Heering Theresa , Lander Natalie , Tallis Jason , Barnett Lisa , Duncan Michael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a severe musculoskeletal injury with significant consequences for individuals (e.g., long rehabilitation periods and an increased risk of reinjury), as well as for the healthcare system (e.g., high treatment costs). In developed countries such as Australia and Norway, the prevalence of ACL injuries has been increasing among children aged 5-14. Therefore, appropriate and effective risk reduction strategies are urgently needed. However, effective risk reduction is often hindered by a lack of knowledge or involvement from stakeholders, particularly in youth sports at the community level.
Addressing this gap, the current project aims to bridge the gap between sport injury prevention research and community-level practice. It seeks to translate findings from my recent PhD research into actionable strategies for community sports stakeholders, including sport clubs, coaches, parents, and athletes.
Using “The Physical Activity Messaging Framework” by Williamson et al. (2021), a communication strategy was developed, resulting in two tailored reports. The first report, designed for pediatric grassroots footballers, presents information on injury prevention in an accessible, “fun” format suitable for children. The second report, aimed at the parents and coaches of these young athletes, provides more in-depth information on sport injury prevention, such as focusing on improving landing techniques. Both reports were piloted with the target population (pediatric grassroots footballers: n = 4, and parents: n = 4) and adjusted according to their feedback. The final reports will be distributed to the target population (youth grassroots football players (n = 35), their parents (n = 70), and coaches (n = 5)) in September 2024.
The potential impact of this project includes promoting sport injury prevention practices through education, fostering conversations with coaches, parents, and athletes to increase awareness of ACL injuries in youth sports, and providing practical advice on reducing the risk of sporting injuries. This project not only addresses a crucial gap in sport injury prevention but exemplifies the practical application of research, ultimately contributing to safer sports environments at the community level.
Release of intracellular enzymes increases the total extracellular activities of carbohydrate-processing enzymes in marine environment
Authors: Huang Ke-Xuan , Jiang Yu-Xuan , Dang Yan-Ru , Qin Qi-Long 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Microbial extracellular enzymatic activities (EEAs) produced by microbes to degrade biopolymers are the ‘gatekeeper’ of carbon cycle in the marine ecosystem. It is usually assumed that these extracellular enzymes are actively secreted by microbes. However, biopolymer-degrading enzymes also exist in the intracellular space. Cell lysis will passively release these enzymes into the environments and contribute to the total EEAs. However, to what extent the cell lysis can contribute to the total EEAs are still unclear. Here, using extreme cell lysis method, we evaluated the maximum contribution of cell lysis to total EEAs in culturable marine bacteria and coastal seawater. For carbohydrate-processing enzymes (β-glucosidase, alginate lyase, and chitinase), the release of intracellular enzymes could contribute positively (up to 56.1% increase for β-glucosidase in seawater) to the total EEAs. For protease and leucine aminopeptidase, the cell lysis did not increase and even decreased the total EEAs. For alkaline phosphatase, the intracellular enzymes generally had no contribution to the total EEAs. These results showed that passively released intracellular enzymes could substantially increase the total extracellular activities of carbohydrate-processing enzymes, which should be considered in building the link between the EEAs and organic carbon cycle in the ocean.
Pathophysiologic abnormalities in transgenic mice carrying the Alzheimer disease PSEN1 Δ440 mutation
Authors: Fuller Peyton E , Collis Victoria L , Sharma Pallavi , Burkett Angelina M , Wang Shaoteng , Brown Kyle A , Weir Nick , Goulbourne Chris N , Nixon Ralph A , Longden Thomas A , Gould Todd D , Monteiro Mervyn J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Mutations in PSEN1 were first discovered as a cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 1995, yet the mechanism(s) by which the mutations cause disease still remains unknown. The generation of novel mouse models assessing the effects of different mutations could aid in this endeavor. Here we report on transgenic mouse lines made with the Δ440 PSEN1 mutation that causes AD with parkinsonism:— two expressing the un-tagged human protein and two expressing a HA-tagged version. Detailed characterization of these lines showed that Line 305 in particular, which expresses the untagged protein, develops age-dependent memory deficits and pathologic features, many of which are consistent with features found in AD. Key behavioral and physiological alterations found in the novel 305 line included an age-dependent deficit in spontaneous alternations in the Y-maze, a decrease in exploration of the center of an open field box, a decrease in the latency to fall on a rotarod, a reduction in synaptic strength and pair-pulse facilitation by electrophysiology, and profound alterations to cerebral blood flow regulation. The pathologic alterations found in the line included, significant neuronal loss in the hippocampus and cortex, astrogliosis, and changes in several proteins involved in synaptic and mitochondrial function, Ca2+ regulation, and autophagy. Taken together, these findings suggest that the transgenic lines will be useful for the investigation of AD pathogenesis.
Proactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Ustekinumab Is Associated With Increased Drug Persistence in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Porth Rachel , Deyhim Tina , Geeganage Grace , Smith Brenden , Zullow Samantha , Rabinowitz Loren G , Grossberg Laurie B , Cheifetz Adam S , Papamichael Konstantinos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
There are limited data on the role of proactive therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of ustekinumab (UST) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study investigated the efficacy and safety of proactive TDM in IBD patients treated with subcutaneous (sc) UST.

Methods
This was a retrospective single-center cohort study. Consecutive patients with IBD who received maintenance subcutaneous (sc) UST therapy and underwent TDM from January 2017 to February 2023 were eligible for inclusion. Patients were followed through May 2024 or until drug discontinuation or an IBD-related surgery. Patients underwent either at least one proactive TDM or reactive TDM only. Survival analysis was performed to evaluate drug persistence, defined as no need for drug discontinuation due to loss of response, serious adverse event (SAE) or an IBD-related surgery, and IBD-related hospitalizations.

Results
The study population consisted of 83 patients (proactive TDM, n = 46) of whom 67 (81%) had Crohn’s disease. Patients who had at least one proactive TDM had higher drug persistence (Log-rank P &lt; .001) and less IBD-related hospitalization (Log-rank P = .012) compared to patients undergoing only reactive TDM. In multivariable COX proportional hazard regression analysis, at least one proactive TDM was associated with increased drug persistence (hazard ratio [HR]: 5; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2-10; P &lt; .001) and decreased IBD-related hospitalization (HR: 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07-0.83; P = .024). There was no SAE reported.

Conclusions
This retrospective study showed that proactive TDM is associated with increased drug persistence and decreased IBD-related hospitalization in IBD patients treated with sc UST.
Screen Failures and Causes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Randomized Controlled Trials: A Study of 16 913 Screened Patients
Authors: Uzzan Mathieu , Georgiev Georgi , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Bouhnik Yoram , Narula Neeraj , Jairath Vipul , Ungaro Ryan , Burisch Johan , Kirchgesner Julien , Verstock Bram , Hussain Fez , Reinisch Walter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
While recruitment rates in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) trials are continuously decreasing, the underlying reasons are likely multifactorial but remain poorly defined. Screen failure (SF) proportions and causes have not been extensively explored in IBD.

Aim
We assessed SF proportions and underlying SF reasons in IBD phase 2 and 3 clinical trials.

Methods
We analyzed SF-related data from 17 randomized controlled phase 2 or 3 IBD trials. Twelve trials were in ulcerative colitis (UC) and 5 trials were in Crohn’s disease (CD) operated by a single contract research organization, IQVIA. Differences between patient groups were tested for significance by Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s tests when appropriate.

Results
We analyzed a total of 11 161 patients with UC and 5752 patients with CD. The mean SF proportion was 0.43 per trial in UC. The primary reason for SFs in UC was not meeting the overall (modified) Mayo score inclusion threshold and/or the endoscopic subscore of at least 2 (33.8% of all SF). In CD clinical trials, the mean SF proportion was at 0.53. The primary cause for SFs was not meeting the CDAI eligibility criteria (23.1% of all SFs). SF proportions were significantly higher in CD versus UC trials (P = .027). Clostridium difficile or any other intestinal infection and not meeting tuberculosis screening criteria were other major reasons for SFs both in UC and CD.

Conclusion
High SF proportion in IBD clinical trials, particularly for CD studies, pose obstacles to patient recruitment. While underlying causes are diverse, arbitrarily defined clinical and/or endoscopic eligibility criteria remain the major limiting factors.
Rate of body weight gain during early gestation in F0 beef heifers has effects that extend multigenerationally to the F2 fetuses
Authors: Baumgaertner Friederike , Ramírez-Zamudio Germán Darío , Menezes Ana Clara B , Jurgens Isabella M , Hirchert Mara R , Hurlbert Jennifer L , Bochantin-Winders Kerri A , Diniz Wellison J S , Reynolds Lawrence P , Ward Alison K , Borowicz Pawel P , Underdahl S R , Kirsch James D , Dorsam Sheri T , Sedivec Kevin K , Swanson Kendall C , Caton Joel S , Dahlen Carl R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the effects of maternal (F0) body weight (BW) gain during the first 84 d of gestation on body composition, ovarian reserve, and hormonal and metabolic parameters of breeding-age F1 heifers, as well as the BW and morphometry of F2 fetuses. The study also evaluated the effect of maternal BW gain (F0) on the mRNA relative abundance of the small intestine of both F1 heifers and F2 fetuses. Crossbred Angus heifers (F0; n = 100) were managed to gain 0.20 kg/d (low gain [LG], n = 50) or 0.75 kg/d (moderate gain [MG], n = 50) for the first 84 d of gestation. Subsequently, F0 dams were managed on a common forage-based diet for the rest of gestation until the weaning of the F1 offspring. At 15 mo of age, a subset of F1 heifers was randomly selected for the current experiment (n = 8 LG and n = 8 MG). Heifers were bred via artificial insemination (AI; day 0), then harvested on day 84 of gestation. On days −10, 42, and 84, BW was recorded, and blood was collected and analyzed for concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, progesterone, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1. The weight of F1 carcasses, organs, gravid uteri, and F2 fetuses and organs were recorded at harvest. Visible follicles were counted on F1 ovaries at harvest, and histology was used to count microscopic follicles. Liver and jejunal samples from F1 heifers were collected to measure tissue oxygen consumption and jejunal samples from F1 heifers and F2 fetuses were collected for mRNA relative abundance analysis. BW of F1 heifers from MG dams tended to be 12 kg greater (P = 0.06) than for F1 heifers from LG dams. Concentrations of glucose were greater (P = 0.03) in F1 heifers from the MG group, with no differences in other blood metabolites or follicular populations (P ≥ 0.16). Interestingly, mammary glands were heavier (P = 0.05), and placentas and body depth tended to be heavier and greater, respectively (P ≤ 0.10), for F2 fetuses from F0 LG heifers. Oxygen consumption in the liver and jejunum, as well as mRNA relative abundance in the jejunum of F1 heifers, were not affected by F0 rate of gain (P ≥ 0.16). However, the NDUFC1, SDHA, UQCR1, and PPARG genes were upregulated (P ≤ 0.05) in the jejunum of F2 fetuses from the LG group. In conclusion, BW gain of F0 heifers during early gestation exerts subtle effects on pre-breeding BW and blood metabolites in F1 offspring, with impacts present in F2 placenta, mammary gland, and intestine.
Hitting the Target but Missing the Point: How Donors Use Cost Information
Authors: Lewis Joshua , Small Deborah A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Charities often advertise the cost of a given impact (e.g., $5 provides a meal). Though often intended to demonstrate cost-effectiveness, we find that donors also use the cost as a target. Therefore, the impact cost can be too low, reducing donation amounts, or too high, deterring donors from donating altogether. We propose that, whenever donors have a reference point for a reasonable donation, the revenue-maximizing impact cost is at or just below this reference point, due to loss aversion. We examined these predictions across two online studies (N = 1,711) and one field experiment conducted within a US non-profit’s mailing appeal (N = 141,161). Study 1 demonstrates that donors target impact costs; participants report giving more when the cost of a mosquito net is higher. Study 2, the field experiment, reveals the pernicious effect of setting a target too high. Study 3 tests how the reference donation amount informs the revenue-maximizing impact cost. Supplemental studies robustly support our optimal-target recommendation, while demonstrating that cost information is ubiquitous and theoretically distinct from other types of targets. Together, these results shed light on an often-unintended side effect of providing cost information, with practical insight on how to leverage it for higher donation revenue.
Mitonuclear effects on sex ratio persist across generations in interpopulation hybrids
Authors: Edmands Suzanne , Denova Jacob R , Flanagan Ben A , Jah Murad , Applebaum Scott L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Eukaryotic energy production requires tight coordination between nuclear and mitochondrial gene products. Because males and females often have different energetic strategies, optimal mitonuclear coordination may be sex-specific. Previous work found evidence for sex-specific mitonuclear effects in the copepod Tigriopus californicus by comparing two parental lines and their reciprocal F1 crosses. However, an alternative hypothesis is that the patterns were driven by the parental source of nuclear alleles. Here, we test this alternative hypothesis by extending the same cross to F2 hybrids, which receive both maternal and paternal nuclear alleles from F1 hybrids. Results confirm mitonuclear effects on sex ratio, with distorted ratios persisting from the F1 to F2 generations, despite reduced fitness in F2 hybrids. No sex-by-cross interactions were found for other phenotypic traits measured. Mitochondrial DNA content was higher in females. Both routine metabolic rate and oxidative DNA damage were lower in F2 hybrids than in parentals. The persistence of sex-specific mitonuclear effects, even in the face of F2 hybrid breakdown, attests to the magnitude of these effects, which contribute to the maintenance of within-population mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms.