bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PU-H71, a novel Hsp90 inhibitor, as a potential cancer-specific sensitizer to carbon-ion beam therapy
Authors: Li Huizi Keiko , Matsumoto Yoshitaka , Furusawa Yoshiya , Kamada Tadashi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
PU-H71, a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor, has yielded therapeutic efficacy in many preclinical models and is currently in clinical trials. Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has provided successful tumor control; however, there is still room for improvement, particularly in terms of tumor-specific radiosensitization. The Hsp90 inhibitor PU-H71 has been shown to sensitize tumor cells to X-ray radiation. A murine osteosarcoma cell line (LM8) and a normal human fibroblast cell line (AG01522) were treated with PU-H71 before X-ray, 14- or 50-keV/µm carbon-ion beam (C-ion) irradiation. Cell survival and protein expression were evaluated with colony formation and western blot, respectively. Treatment with PU-H71 alone was shown to be non-toxic to both cell lines; however, PU-H71 was shown to significantly sensitize LM8 cells to not only X-ray, but also to C-ion irradiation, while only a minimal sensitizing effect was observed in AG01522 cells. PU-H71 treatment was found to suppress the protein expression levels of Rad51 and Ku70, which are associated with the homologous recombination pathway and the non-homologous end-joining pathway of double-strand break repair. The findings reported here suggest that PU-H71 could be a promising radiosensitizer for CIRT.
Free-floating planets from core accretion theory: microlensing predictions
Authors: Ma Sizheng , Mao Shude , Ida Shigeru , Zhu Wei , Lin Douglas N. C. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We calculate the microlensing event rate and typical time-scales for the free-floating planet (FFP) population that is predicted by the core accretion theory of planet formation. The event rate is found to be ∼1.8 × 10−3 of that for the stellar population. While the stellar microlensing event time-scale peaks at around 20 d, the median time-scale for FFP events (∼0.1 d) is much shorter. Our values for the event rate and the median time-scale are significantly smaller than those required to explain the Sumi et al. result, by factors of ∼13 and ∼16, respectively. The inclusion of planets at wide separations does not change the results significantly. This discrepancy may be too significant for standard versions of both the core accretion theory and the gravitational instability model to explain satisfactorily. Therefore, either a modification to the planet formation theory is required or other explanations to the excess of short-time-scale microlensing events are needed. Our predictions can be tested by ongoing microlensing experiment such as Korean Microlensing Telescope Network, and by future satellite missions such as WFIRST and Euclid.
A Case of Chikungunya Virus Induced Arthralgia Responsive to Colchicine
Authors: Redel Henry 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Chikungunya virus is an emerging infectious disease that has started circulating throughout the Americas and Caribbean. It can lead to persistent arthralgia lasting months to years. Treatment has been symptomatic with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. This case report describes a trial of colchicine for chikungunya arthralgia in 1 patient.
Modelling the development of defects during composite reinforcements and prepreg forming
Authors: Boisse P. , Hamila N. , Madeo A. 
Published: May 2016

Defects in composite materials are created during manufacture to a large extent. To avoid them as much as possible, it is important that process simulations model the onset and the development of these defects. It is then possible to determine the manufacturing conditions that lead to the absence or to the controlled presence of such defects. Three types of defects that may appear during textile composite reinforcement or prepreg forming are analysed and modelled in this paper. Wrinkling is one of the most common flaws that occur during textile composite reinforcement forming processes. The influence of the different rigidities of the textile reinforcement is studied. The concept of ‘locking angle’ is questioned. A second type of unusual behaviour of fibrous composite reinforcements that can be seen as a flaw during their forming process is the onset of peculiar ‘transition zones’ that are directly related to the bending stiffness of the fibres. The ‘transition zones’ are due to the bending stiffness of fibres. The standard continuum mechanics of Cauchy is not sufficient to model these defects. A second gradient approach is presented that allows one to account for such unusual behaviours and to master their onset and development during forming process simulations. Finally, the large slippages that may occur during a preform forming are discussed and simulated with meso finite-element models used for macroscopic forming.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling of the structural integrity of composite materials’.
Multi-scale damage modelling in a ceramic matrix composite using a finite-element microstructure meshfree methodology
Authors: Saucedo-Mora L. , Marrow T. J. 
Published: May 2016

The problem of multi-scale modelling of damage development in a SiC ceramic fibre-reinforced SiC matrix ceramic composite tube is addressed, with the objective of demonstrating the ability of the finite-element microstructure meshfree (FEMME) model to introduce important aspects of the microstructure into a larger scale model of the component. These are particularly the location, orientation and geometry of significant porosity and the load-carrying capability and quasi-brittle failure behaviour of the fibre tows. The FEMME model uses finite-element and cellular automata layers, connected by a meshfree layer, to efficiently couple the damage in the microstructure with the strain field at the component level. Comparison is made with experimental observations of damage development in an axially loaded composite tube, studied by X-ray computed tomography and digital volume correlation. Recommendations are made for further development of the model to achieve greater fidelity to the microstructure.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling of the structural integrity of composite materials’.
Physical modelling of failure in composites
Authors: Talreja Ramesh 
Published: May 2016

Structural integrity of composite materials is governed by failure mechanisms that initiate at the scale of the microstructure. The local stress fields evolve with the progression of the failure mechanisms. Within the full span from initiation to criticality of the failure mechanisms, the governing length scales in a fibre-reinforced composite change from the fibre size to the characteristic fibre-architecture sizes, and eventually to a structural size, depending on the composite configuration and structural geometry as well as the imposed loading environment. Thus, a physical modelling of failure in composites must necessarily be of multi-scale nature, although not always with the same hierarchy for each failure mode. With this background, the paper examines the currently available main composite failure theories to assess their ability to capture the essential features of failure. A case is made for an alternative in the form of physical modelling and its skeleton is constructed based on physical observations and systematic analysis of the basic failure modes and associated stress fields and energy balances.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling of the structural integrity of composite materials’.
Augmented finite-element method for arbitrary cracking and crack interaction in solids under thermo-mechanical loadings
Authors: Jung J. , Do B. C. , Yang Q. D. 
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a thermal–mechanical augmented finite-element method (TM-AFEM) has been proposed, implemented and validated for steady-state and transient, coupled thermal–mechanical analyses of complex materials with explicit consideration of arbitrary evolving cracks. The method permits the derivation of explicit, fully condensed thermal–mechanical equilibrium equations which are of mathematical exactness in the piece-wise linear sense. The method has been implemented with a 4-node quadrilateral two-dimensional (2D) element and a 4-node tetrahedron three-dimensional (3D) element. It has been demonstrated, through several numerical examples that the new TM-AFEM can provide significantly improved numerical accuracy and efficiency when dealing with crack propagation problems in 2D and 3D solids under coupled thermal–mechanical loading conditions.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling of the structural integrity of composite materials’.
Dynamic damage in carbon-fibre composites
Authors: Bourne N. K. , Parry S. , Townsend D. , Withers P. J. , Soutis C. , Frias C. 
Published: May 2016

The Taylor test is used to determine damage evolution in carbon-fibre composites across a range of strain rates. The hierarchy of damage across the scales is key in determining the suite of operating mechanisms and high-speed diagnostics are used to determine states during dynamic loading. Experiments record the test response as a function of the orientation of the cylinder cut from the engineered multi-ply composite with high-speed photography and post-mortem target examination. The ensuing damage occurs during the shock compression phase but three other tensile loading modes operate during the test and these are explored. Experiment has shown that ply orientations respond to two components of release; longitudinal and radial as well as the hoop stresses generated in inelastic flow at the impact surface. The test is a discriminant not only of damage thresholds but of local failure modes and their kinetics.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling of the structural integrity of composite materials’.
Internal instability as a possible failure mechanism for layered composites
Authors: Guz I. A. , Menshykova M. , Soutis C. 
Published: May 2016

This paper revisits a three-dimensional analytical approach to study internal instability in layered composites, when the behaviour of each component of the material is described by the three-dimensional equations of solid mechanics. It shows the development of a unified computational procedure for numerical realization of the three-dimensional analytical method as applied to various constitutive equations of the layers and fibres, and different loading schemes (uniaxial or biaxial loading). The paper also contains many examples of calculation of critical controlled parameters for particular composites as well as analysis of different buckling modes. The results of this method can be used as a benchmark for simplified models.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling of the structural integrity of composite materials’.
Angioinvasive mucormycosis and paradoxical stroke: a case report
Authors: Mititelu Roxana , Bourassa-Blanchette Samuel , Sharma Karan , Roth Virginia 
Published: May 2016

Introduction:

Rhizopus typically results in acute, aggressive and angioinvasive infection, particularly in immunosuppressed individuals. Risk factors include immunosuppression in haematologic malignancy, uncontrolled hyperglycemia, iron overload states, and older chelator agents such as deferoxamine.

Case Presentation:
We describe a case of a 33-year-old female with transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia who was started on intravenous deferiprone therapy and subsequently presented with a retropharyngeal abscess. Despite intravenous broad spectrum antibiotics, she continued to deteriorate and developed aphasia. A CT scan of her head showed multiple hypodensities. Blood cultures grew Rhizopus species and a subsequent transesophageal echocardiogram showed a mass in the right atrium with a patent foramen ovale.

Conclusion:
Although deferiprone, a newer iron chelator agent, has antifungal properties in vivo, this case illustrates that angioinvasive Rhizopus infections can occur in patients treated with deferiprone.
Accounting for Uncertainty in Gene Tree Estimation: Summary-Coalescent Species Tree Inference in a Challenging Radiation of Australian Lizards
Authors: Blom Mozes P.K. , Bragg Jason G. , Potter Sally , Moritz Craig 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAccurate gene tree inference is an important aspect of species tree estimation in a summary-coalescent framework. Yet, in empirical studies, inferred gene trees differ in accuracy due to stochastic variation in phylogenetic signal between targeted loci. Empiricists should therefore examine the consistency of species tree inference, while accounting for the observed heterogeneity in gene tree resolution of phylogenomic datasets. Here, we assess the impact of gene tree estimation error on summary-coalescent species tree inference by screening ~2000 exonic loci based on gene tree resolution prior to phylogenetic inference. We focus on a phylogenetically challenging radiation of Australian lizards (genusCryptoblepharus, Scincidae) and explore effects on topology and support. We identify a well-supported topology based on all loci and find that a relatively small number of high-resolution gene trees can be sufficient to converge on the same topology. Adding gene trees with decreasing resolution produced a generally consistent topology, and increased confidence for specific bipartitions that were poorly supported when using a small number of informative loci. This corroborates coalescent-based simulation studies that have highlighted the need for a large number of loci to confidently resolve challenging relationships and refutes the notion that low-resolution gene trees introduce phylogenetic noise. Further, our study also highlights the value of quantifying changes in nodal support across locus subsets of increasing size (but decreasing gene tree resolution). Such detailed analyses can reveal anomalous fluctuations in support at some nodes, suggesting the possibility of model violation. By characterizing the heterogeneity in phylogenetic signal among loci, we can account for uncertainty in gene tree estimation and assess its effect on the consistency of the species tree estimate. We suggest that the evaluation of gene tree resolution should be incorporated in the analysis of empirical phylogenomic datasets. This will ultimately increase our confidence in species tree estimation using summary-coalescent methods and enable us to exploit genomic data for phylogenetic inference.
Pan-cancer immunogenomic analyses reveal genotype-immunophenotype relationships and predictors of response to checkpoint blockade
Authors: Charoentong Pornpimol , Finotello Francesca , Angelova Mihaela , Mayer Clemens , Efremova Mirjana , Rieder Dietmar , Hackl Hubert , Trajanoski Zlatko 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYThe Cancer Genome Atlas revealed the genomic landscapes of common human cancers. In parallel, immunotherapy with checkpoint blockers is transforming the treatment of advanced cancers. As only a minority of the patients is responsive to checkpoint blockers, the identification of predictive markers and the mechanisms of resistance is a subject of intense research. To facilitate understanding of the tumor-immune cell interactions, we characterized the intratumoral immune landscapes and the cancer antigenomes from 20 solid cancers, and created The Cancer Immunome Atlas (http://tcia.at). Cellular characterization of the immune infiltrates revealed a role of cancer-germline antigens in spontaneous immunity and showed that tumor genotypes determine immunophenotypes and tumor escape mechanisms. Using machine learning we identified determinants of tumor immunogenicity and developed a scoring scheme for the quantification termed immunophenoscore. The immunophenoscore was superior predictor of response to anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies in two independent validation cohorts. Our findings and the developed resource may help informing cancer immunotherapy and facilitate the development of precision immune-oncology.
Threshold concepts in economics
Authors: Shanahan Martin 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine threshold concepts in the context of teaching and learning first-year university economics. It outlines some of the arguments for using threshold concepts and provides examples using opportunity cost as an exemplar in economics.Design/methodology/approach– The paper provides an overview of the theoretical literature around threshold concepts in economics and provides exemplars from previous research, and current practice, to illustrate how they might be applied in economics.Findings– The notion of threshold concepts such as opportunity cost can be extremely useful in pedagogic design. They focus on how learning concepts changes student thinking, rather than the standard approach which treats many concepts as equal in importance. Designing appropriate instructional materials around threshold concepts is time consuming and this may prove a barrier to the notions widespread adoption.Originality/value– This paper contributes to the literature discussing the practical application of threshold concepts in teaching first-year economics as well as identifying possible reasons for its relatively slow adoption as a teaching tool in university.
Transforming the economics curriculum by integrating threshold concepts
Authors: Karunaratne Prashan Shayanka Mendis , Breyer Yvonne A , Wood Leigh N 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– Economics is catering to a diverse student cohort. This cohort needs to be equipped with transformative concepts that students can integrate beyond university. When a curriculum is content-driven, threshold concepts are a useful tool in guiding curriculum re-design. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– The evidence for this pedagogic need can be seen in the UK’s higher education economics curriculum framework which is formulated around the threshold concepts of economics. Through a literature review of the application of threshold concepts in economics, the researcher has systematically re-designed an entry-level economics course. This research has been applied to the course structure, the learning and teaching activities, as well as the assessments. At the end of the semester, students students were surveyed on the student experience of the curriculum design and the course activities. The course grades noted the achievement of the students’ learning outcomes.Findings– When comparing the survey responses and the student course results to the previous semesters, there is a significant improvement in student experience as well as student learning outcomes of the course curriculum.Practical implications– This research provides curriculum developers with a benchmark and the tools required to transform economics curricula.Social implications– An engaging, transformative and integrative entry-level economics course is often the only exposure most business graduates have to the economics way of thinking and practice.Originality/value– This is the first comprehensive study that applies a curriculum re-design based on threshold concepts across an entry-level economics course.
Introduction to threshold concepts in business education
Authors: Bajada Christopher , Trayler Rowan 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– To introduce to the special issues on threshold concepts in business education.

Design/methodology/approach
– Provides an overview of the various papers comprising this special issue.

Findings
– There are no specific findings in this paper as its purpose is to introduce the selected papers in this special issue.

Originality/value
– Editorial.
Developing a people capability framework to promote sustainability in facility management practices
Authors: Sarpin Norliana , Yang Jay , Xia Bo 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a research study that aims to establish a people capability framework to promote the sustainability agenda in facilities management (FM) practices.

Design/methodology/approach
Through a literature review, a range of factors relating to people capabilities in the context of sustainability endeavours is identified. A questionnaire survey of industry practitioners and statistical data analysis help prioritise these people capability factors and evaluate the role played by each factor in promoting sustainability in FM practices.

Findings
Twenty-three people capability factors are identified as significant to the promotion of sustainability measures in FM practices. Dealing with these factors effectively can provide a sound basis for equipping FM professionals with the necessary knowledge, information on training and educational needs and the right mindset to enhance the implementation of sustainability in FM practices.

Practical implications
The research shows the importance of capabilities and skills in the pursuit of sustainability in professional practice. In addition, it highlights specific areas for improvement in the FM sector.

Originality/value
The research links the importance of sustainability with the mindset and preparedness of FM practitioners. It emphasises people capabilities, in addition to technological advancement and financial implications, in the promotion of sustainability in the building industry.
Tight budget constraints and the absence of strategic planning
Authors: Hou Huiying , Ho Daniel C.W. , Chung Jacky K.H. , Wong Kelwin K.W. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to identify the factors that affect facilities management (FM) service outsourcing.

Design/methodology/approach
Five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted for this study. A total of 25 professional FM managers were invited to participate in the FGDs. The qualitative data collected from the FGDs were analysed with the coding method.

Findings
FM managers commonly regard that tight budget constraints and the absence of strategic planning are two important factors that affect FM service outsourcing. Tight budget constraints reflect that clients control their service providers by constraining budgets, which creates a series of inefficiencies in the outsourcing process and thus lead to adverse outsourcing relationships. A series of strategies are recommended to deal with the challenges posed by budget constraints and the lack strategic planning.

Research limitations/implications
Twenty-five Hong Kong-based FM managers were interviewed for this study. The empirical data collected mainly reflects FM service outsourcing in Hong Kong. It is important to test the findings with a bigger group of FM managers from other regions.

Originality/value
The managerial significance of FM service outsourcing has not yet been valued in practice. This study draws academic attention to FM service outsourcing practice and provides practical opinions from FM managers. Also, this study adopts the FGD method in data collection, which extracts to a maximum degree of authentic opinions from practitioners.