bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does best‐practice crow Corvus corone and magpie Pica pica control on UK farmland improve nest success in hedgerow‐nesting songbirds? A field experiment
Authors: Sage Rufus B. , Aebischer Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2017

The role of predation by corvids on the breeding output of songbirds is unclear. Using a randomised‐pair design, we measured how nest success of hedgerow‐nesting passerines responded to the experimental removal of carrion crows and magpies. We worked in southern England at 32 paired sites around 4 km2 each, one with and one without best‐practice corvid control, studying four different pairs per year for four years 2011–2014. We counted corvids, and using songbird territory mapping and fledged brood counts without finding nests along transects, we estimated nest success as a brood/ territory ratio for the community of songbirds in 4 km of hedgerow at each site. Crows and magpies were still present at most removal sites but numbers were half as high as at paired non‐removal sites. Eighteen songbird species were frequently encountered at most sites with on average (±1 SD) 102 ± 30 territories per site. Using a generalised linear mixed model analysis the songbird community as a whole bred less well in treatment sites without corvid removal and in years with more rainfall. Nest success was down by 10% in non‐removal sites on average relative to removal sites over the four years. Excluding 2012 data because of exceptionally high spring rainfall that year, nest success was down 16% in the non‐removal sites on average in the other three years. For open‐cup nesting species as a group there was no difference in nest success between site types. Our data on hole nesters suggest that they were affected by treatment and contributed to our overall result. For species whose numbers are regulated through territoriality, nest‐site or habitat availability, spring abundance is unlikely to be affected by a 15% increase in breeding output. For species limited by nest success, it may be more important.
Microalloyed Engineering Steels with Improved Performance – an Overview*
Authors: Bleck W. , Bambach M. , Wirths V. , Stieben A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Microalloying elements are added to a wide range of steels for improving microstructure, properties, processing or general performance. A survey is given on the various reasons for microalloying of engineering steels. In case hardening steels microalloying improves toughness and fatigue properties mainly due to a smaller and more homogeneous prior austenite grain size. In forging steels, microalloying controls the phase transformation during cooling after forging enabling shorter process routes. Furthermore, microallying contributes to the microstructural refinement improving the balance of fatigue, cyclic behavior and strength. Recently, microalloying supports the interface engineering in air hardening medium Mn steels and prevents embrittlement.
Bainitic Bearings for Demanding Applications*
Authors: Trojahn W. , Dinkel M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Wheel bearings for high speed trains, which are expected to operate for more than 1.2 million kilometers without service, or the approx. 2 m diameter main bearing in the Millenium Wheel (London Eye), which has to operate for at least 15 years without service, are examples for demanding applications for bearings. Many constructors would choose case hardened bearings for this. In reality there are a lot of technical reasons to use through hardenable steels for these applications, the rings being bainitic hardened. This starts with the basic fatigue resistance and includes properties such as resistance against friction or contamination and structural stability. This paper compares bainitic hardened with case hardened bearings.
In-situ Investigation of Bainite Formation with fast X-Ray Diffraction (iXRD)*
Authors: Kopp A. , Bernthaler T. , Schmid D. , Ketzer-Raichle G. , Schneider G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Using specific equipment for high temperature fast in-situ X-ray diffraction (iXRD) enables the collection of diffraction patterns over a range of 48 degrees in 2θ within one second. In combination with a high-temperature furnace, modifications in the crystallographic structure under a thermal treatment like phase transformations in steel can be observed nearly in real-time. We demonstrate the usefulness of fast high temperature iXRD using the ball bearing steel (100Cr6), which is of high industrial importance for many applications. The specimens were austenitized at 860 °C. Various isothermal annealings were carried out to develop a bainitic steel structure. The transformation was interrupted by further cooling at different stages. The specimens were further investigated with SEM and light microscopy using different etching techniques to correlate the microstructure with the diffraction patterns. We will show that iXRD can help to optimize heat treatments, validate time transformation diagrams and increase the understanding of phase transformations in steels.
Friction Stir Welding of near α and α + β Titanium Alloys: Metallurgical and Mechanical Characterization
Authors: Gangwar Kapil , Mamidala Ramulu , Sanders Daniel G. 
Published: December 2017

Butt welds of friction stir welded dissimilar titanium alloys (near α: Ti-6242 standard grain (SG) and

α
+
β

; Ti-54M) were produced for varying processing parameters (rotation speed: rpm and traverse speed; mm·min−1). Microstructures, microhardness, and fractured surfaces were analyzed for three different rpms and mm·min−1 with Ti-6242 SG and Ti-54M kept on the advancing and retreating side, respectively. While constant traverse speed (varying rotation speed) has no significant effect on micrographic patterns in weld nugget, constant rotation speed (with increasing traverse speed) results in an increasing number of streaks with specified spacing (advances per revolution) (consisting of material migrating from retreating side) on the advancing side. Although, hardness variation within streaks (due to lower values of

v
ω

; where

v

and

ω

are traverse and rotation speed) were challenging to evaluate, yet hardness maps imitated the micrographic morphology of the weld nugget. For varying rotation (225–325 rpm) and traverse speed (100–150 mm·min−1), corresponding microstructure evolutions on the advancing and retreating side were related, with variations in evolving temperatures for corresponding welding parameters. Fractured surfaces revealed an appearance of a combination of transcrystalline and intercrystalline fracture for all the processing parameters. Nature of solid state joining has been shown with a distinct boundary between Ti-6242 SG and Ti-54M, demonstrating the interlocking between streaks of different aspect ratios of these two alloys.
Industrial heritage, capitalism and business
Authors: Popp Andrew 
Published: December 2017

L’article situe l’intérêt du patrimoine industriel par rapport aussi bien à la future orientation dominante du capitalisme et des entreprises qu’à des concepts comme la notion de « destruction créatrice » élaborée par Schumpeter. Ainsi contextualisé, le patrimoine industriel apparaît paradoxal et problématique : il pose des questions dérangeantes sur les processus inhérents au capitalisme et aux entreprises et sur leurs implications pour les développements sociaux et culturels. Enfin il montre comment la prise en considération du patrimoine industriel pourrait utilement être incorporée aux études et recherches sur les entreprises, les organisations et le management.
Les « villes de compagnie » du Canada. Un patrimoine urbain pour le vivre ensemble de notre siècle ?
Authors: Morisset Lucie K. 
Published: December 2017

Si les villes-usines ont pu faire l’objet de nombreux travaux à l’échelle internationale, les villes de compagnie du Canada sont encore mal connues. Construites par des entreprises en situation de mono-industrie, elles ont fait l’objet de planifications soignées, non seulement pour loger les salariés, mais aussi pour leur offrir toutes les infrastructures utiles à la vie quotidienne, tant dans les domaines sociaux, politiques, économiques que des loisirs. L’article interroge cette définition et ce qu’elle recouvre, en comparaison avec d’autres typologies proches. Il analyse deux cas plus précisément pour en dégager les caractéristiques propres au Canada : Powell River, en Colombie Britannique, érigée à partir de 1908, et Arvida, au Québec, à partir de 1926. Il se termine par une réflexion sur l’état actuel de ces villes et leur avenir, possible, dans la voie d’une patrimonialisation investie et assumée par ses habitants.
L’ordre international face à l’Amérique de Trump
Authors: Vimont Pierre 
Published: December 2017

Donald Trump bouscule l’ordre mondial établi. Mais, en dépit de ses déclarations provocatrices, cherche-t-il vraiment à le remettre en cause ? Les bouleversements du système international ne datent pas de l’arrivée de Donald Trump au pouvoir. Ils correspondent à des changements en profondeur du monde de l’après-guerre froide. Si le président américain accentue aujourd’hui le désordre du monde, il n’en est pas l’instigateur et ne fournit pas davantage de solutions, faute d’une stratégie claire.
Sauver l’ordre libéral de lui-même
Authors: Lind Jennifer , Deville-Fradin Valentine 
Published: December 2017

L’élection de Donald Trump est le symptôme d’une crise générale de l’ordre libéral international. Ses coûts ont été gravement sous-estimés : délocalisations brisant le pacte social, flux migratoires mal assimilables par les sociétés, divisions entre élites et masses perdantes de la globalisation, crises électorales et politiques. Les sociétés doivent adapter l’ordre libéral à leurs caractéristiques profondes, et non l’accepter comme un donné global et obligatoire.
Iran : architecture du pouvoir et conservatisme
Authors: Doix Vincent 
Published: December 2017

Les institutions politiques iraniennes sont difficiles à déchiffrer. Elles sont les héritières de traditions particulières et de la Révolution de 1979. Les sources du pouvoir sont multiples : électorales, religieuses, économiques, groupes de pression, réseaux d’influence, etc. Au-delà de la dualité visible président/Guide suprême, le compromis établi entre traditions, loi religieuse et acquis libéraux est complexe et réduit la probabilité d’une évolution rapide du régime.
Le double : un opérateur thérapeutique dans la clinique des souffrances narcissiques-identitaires ?
Authors: Jung Johann , Francisco Alexandre 
Published: December 2017

L’abord clinique des souffrances narcissiques-identitaires permet de dégager un axe transféro-contre-transférentiel « en double » qui renvoie aux couches profondes de l’identité. A partir d’un cas clinique, les auteurs font l’hypothèse que le double, dans ses différentes modalités, remplirait un rôle d’attracteur transférentiel en constituant un support privilégié des transformations identitaires. L’émergence du double sur la scène transférentielle et des affects douloureux qui l’accompagnent permettra au sujet, en appui sur la fonction réflexive du clinicien et ses capacités de survivre à sa destructivité, de réorganiser son rapport à lui-même et à l’autre.
« Centraliser grâce à la décentralisation » ou comment enseigner le contrôle de gestion ?
Authors: Quemener Yann 
Published: December 2017

Le paradoxe fondateur du contrôle de gestion selon Sloan (1963, p. 53) est de pouvoir « centraliser grâce à la décentralisation » 1 . Les affinités tayloriennes des origines du contrôle de gestion explique que son enseignement a longtemps mobilisé des méthodes calculatoires génériques. L’évolution du rapport au paradoxe fondateur remet en cause les méthodes pédagogiques classiques d’enseignement. Pourtant, peu de travaux en France ont étudié des pistes de renouvellement de la palette pédagogique. L’article propose trois pistes de recherche pour accompagner cette évolution.
La dissonance cognitive comme levier d’autorégulation éthique - une étude longitudinale de six cas de harcèlement au travail
Authors: Brasseur Martine 
Published: December 2017

Une autorégulation éthique au travail est-elle possible pour les individus comme pour les entreprises ? Les résultats d’une étude longitudinale de six cas de salariés confrontés à une situation de harcèlement comme harcelé, harceleur, donneur d’alerte ou témoin, semblent l’indiquer. En appui sur la théorie de la dissonance cognitive, nous avons ainsi identifié et modélisé un processus d’autorégulation éthique de la conduite professionnelle. Le rôle d’alerte joué par les émotions est ressorti de l’analyse de contenu des entretiens. Ce sont elles qui semblent amener le sujet à enclencher un processus interne de restauration de la consonance, pouvant se traduire par un changement d’attitude ou de comportement. Nous avons constaté que cette dynamique peut s’instaurer quelle que soit la position du sujet dans le harcèlement (harceleur comme harcelé), ce qui laisse supposer qu’en toute personne confrontée à un problème éthique au travail, réside une potentialité de régulation. Nous concluons sur les limites et les différents apports de l’étude.
Datation dendrochronologique de chalets d’alpage dans la zone cœur du Parc National de la Vanoise
Authors: Le Roy Melaine , Astrade Laurent , Édouard Jean-Louis , Bazan Marie-Pierre , Iancovescu Cristina 
Published: December 2017

Le bâti traditionnel d’altitude a été relativement
peu étudié dans les Alpes françaises du Nord. Dans cette étude, cinq
bâtiments d’alpage situés dans la zone cœur du Parc National de la
Vanoise ont fait l’objet d’analyses dendrochronologiques détaillées.
L’objectif est d’apporter un premier éclairage sur la temporalité de
l’occupation de ces sites et sur les modalités d’utilisation du bois
dans l’architecture vernaculaire de ces hautes vallées. Les résultats
mettent en évidence plusieurs phases de construction et/ou réparation
sur la majorité des sites avec le remploi de nombreuses pièces. La
première date d’abattage a été déterminée au milieu du xive siècle, mais la
première période d’abattage commune à plusieurs bâtiments intervient
dans la première moitié du xve siècle. L’approche dendrochronologique demanderait à
être étendue et combinée avec d’autres disciplines (archéologie du
bâti, données historiques) afin de mettre en perspective ces données
chronologiques. Il existe en outre un besoin majeur d’interventions
préventives pour documenter ce patrimoine unique avant rénovation ou
ruine totale des bâtiments, conjointement à un travail d’information
et de sensibilisation à destination des propriétaires.
Development of a real-time PCR assay and comparison to CHROMagarTM STEC to screen for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in stool, Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Kalule John B. , Keddy Karen H. , Smith Anthony , Nicol Mark P. , Robberts Lourens 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an emerging infectious pathogen which could lead to haemolytic uremic syndrome. Even though previous studies have compared the performance of CHROMagarTMSTEC to real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Europe, no study has been done to assess its performance on African isolates.Objectives: This project aimed to validate and test an in-house-developed duplex real-time PCR and use it as a reference standard to determine the performance of CHROMagarTMSTEC on African isolates from diarrhoeic stool samples.Methods: This study evaluated STEC diagnostic technology on African isolates. An in-house-developed duplex real-time PCR assay for detection of stx1 and stx2 was validated and tested on diarrhoeic stool samples and then used as a reference standard to assess the performance of CHROMagarTMSTEC. Real-time PCR was used to screen for stx in tryptic soy broth and the suspected STEC isolates, while conventional PCR was used to detect the other virulence genes possessed by the isolates.Results: The real-time PCR limit of detection was 5.3 target copies/μL of broth. The mean melting temperature on melt-curve analysis for detection of stx1 was 58.2 °C and for stx2 was 65.3 °C. Of 226 specimens screened, real-time PCR detected stx in 14 specimens (6.2%, 95% confidence interval = 3.43% – 10.18%). The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of the CHROMagarTMSTEC were 33.3%, 77.4%, 95.3% and 11.3%.Conclusions: The in-house developed real-time PCR assay is a sensitive and specific option for laboratory detection of STEC as compared to CHROMagarTMSTEC in this setting.
Efficacy of Occupational Therapy Using Ayres Sensory Integration®: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schaaf Roseann C. , Dumont Rachel L. , Arbesman Marian , May-Benson Teresa A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This systematic review addresses the question “What is the efficacy of occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) to support functioning and participation as defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for persons with challenges in processing and integrating sensory information that interfere with everyday life participation?” Three randomized controlled trials, 1 retroactive analysis, and 1 single-subject ABA design published from 2007 to 2015, all of which happened to study children with autism, met inclusion criteria. The evidence is strong that ASI intervention demonstrates positive outcomes for improving individually generated goals of functioning and participation as measured by Goal Attainment Scaling for children with autism. Moderate evidence supported improvements in impairment-level outcomes of improvement in autistic behaviors and skills-based outcomes of reduction in caregiver assistance with self-care activities. Child outcomes in play, sensory–motor, and language skills and reduced caregiver assistance with social skills had emerging but insufficient evidence.
Justifying Rehabilitation Intensity Through Functional Performance Measures in Postacute Care
Authors: Kroll Christine , Fisher Thomas 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has scrutinized the provision of rehabilitation services in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) for some time. Little research guidance exists on appropriate dosage or rehabilitation intensity (RI) among SNF patients or patients in other postacute care (PAC) settings. CMS developed a PAC assessment, the Continuity Assessment Record and Evaluation (CARE) Tool, in response to questions about what issues drive placement in various PAC settings under Medicare. The ability to adequately assess functional outcomes and correlate them to the RI provided by using the CARE Tool is promising. However, further research, policy advocacy, and practice analysis must be undertaken to promote and protect adequate access to occupational therapy and physical therapy in SNFs and other PAC settings. Individual practitioners must participate in data gathering to ensure that the data for analysis are fully informed by the occupational therapy perspective.
The effects of burning and grazing on soil carbon dynamics in managed Peruvian tropical montane grasslands
Authors: Oliver Viktoria , Oliveras Imma , Kala Jose , Lever Rebecca , Teh Yit Arn 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Montane tropical soils are a large carbon (C) reservoir, acting as both a source and a sink of CO2. Enhanced CO2 emissions originate, in large part, from the decomposition and losses of soil organic matter (SOM) following anthropogenic disturbances. Therefore, quantitative knowledge of the stabilization and decomposition of SOM is necessary in order to understand, assess and predict the impact of land management in the tropics. In particular, labile SOM is an early and sensitive indicator of how SOM responds to changes in land use and management practices, which could have major implications for long-term carbon storage and rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of grazing and fire history on soil C dynamics in the Peruvian montane grasslands, an understudied ecosystem, which covers approximately a quarter of the land area in Peru. A density fractionation method was used to quantify the labile and stable organic matter pools, along with soil CO2 flux and decomposition measurements. Grazing and burning together significantly increased soil CO2 fluxes and decomposition rates and reduced temperature as a driver. Although there was no significant effect of land use on total soil C stocks, the combination of burning and grazing decreased the proportion of C in the free light fraction (LF), especially at the lower depths (10–20 and 20–30 cm). In the control soils, 20 % of the material recovered was in the free LF, which contained 30 % of the soil C content. In comparison, the burnt–grazed soil had the smallest recovery of the free LF (10 %) and a significantly lower C content (14 %). The burnt soils had a much higher proportion of C in the occluded LF (12 %) compared to the not-burnt soils (7 %) and there was no significant difference among the treatments in the heavy fraction (F) ( ∼  70 %). The synergistic effect of burning and grazing caused changes to the soil C dynamics. CO2 fluxes were increased and the dominant temperature driver was obscured by some other process, such as changes in plant C and N allocation. In addition, the free LF was reduced when these two anthropogenic activities took place on the same site – most likely a result of reduced detritus being incorporated into the soil. A positive finding from this study is that the total soil C stocks were not significantly affected and the long-term (+10 years) C storage in the occluded LF and heavy F were not negatively impacted. Possibly this is because of low-intensity fire, fire-resilient grasses and because the grazing pressure is below the threshold necessary to cause severe degradation.
Comparing soil moisture anomalies from multiple independent sources over different regions across the globe
Authors: Cammalleri Carmelo , Vogt Jürgen V. , Bisselink Bernard , de Roo Ad 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Agricultural drought events can affect large regions across the world, implying the need for a suitable global tool for an accurate monitoring of this phenomenon. Soil moisture anomalies are considered a good metric to capture the occurrence of agricultural drought events, and they have become an important component of several operational drought monitoring systems. In the framework of the JRC Global Drought Observatory (GDO, http://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/gdo/), the suitability of three datasets as possible representations of root zone soil moisture anomalies has been evaluated: (1) the soil moisture from the Lisflood distributed hydrological model (namely LIS), (2) the remotely sensed Land Surface Temperature data from the MODIS satellite (namely LST), and (3) the ESA Climate Change Initiative combined passive/active microwave skin soil moisture dataset (namely CCI). Due to the independency of these three datasets, the triple collocation (TC) technique has been applied, aiming at quantifying the likely error associated with each dataset in comparison to the unknown true status of the system. TC analysis was performed on five macro-regions (namely North America, Europe, India, southern Africa and Australia) detected as suitable for the experiment, providing insight into the mutual relationship between these datasets as well as an assessment of the accuracy of each method. Even if no definitive statement on the spatial distribution of errors can be provided, a clear outcome of the TC analysis is the good performance of the remote sensing datasets, especially CCI, over dry regions such as Australia and southern Africa, whereas the outputs of LIS seem to be more reliable over areas that are well monitored through meteorological ground station networks, such as North America and Europe. In a global drought monitoring system, the results of the error analysis are used to design a weighted-average ensemble system that exploits the advantages of each dataset.