bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysing heat exposure in two German cities by using meteorological data from both within and outside the urban area
Authors: Walther Carsten , Olonscheck Mady 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTAs many cities are increasingly affected by heat waves, knowledge regarding those parts of cities most susceptible to heat exposure is essential for the implementation of directed adaptation measures. The frequency of heat waves is projected to increase in both German cities considered for this study: Karlsruhe and Berlin. By aggregating temperature data from meteorological stations within the two cities and their hinterlands, the local temperature distribution within the administrative city boundaries was assessed. A multiple regression approach was used to reveal the regional inter‐relationship between non‐meteorological factors such as altitude, population density and land use, on the one hand, and the heat distribution, on the other. This functional relationship was then applied at the city quarter level for the two cities. A model selection process was undertaken to find the most significant models describing the heat exposure of two heat indicators: heat wave days (HWDs) and tropical nights (TRNs). While altitude and population density were found to be the most significant explanatory variables for Karlsruhe, population density had a dominating influence on the distribution of heat at the city quarter level for Berlin. In Karlsruhe, models describing the daytime temperature performed best, whereas in Berlin those describing the night time temperature distribution had the highest statistical significance. This method could be used with relatively low financial and material expense to assess heat exposure in different city quarters even if there are insufficient meteorological stations within a city.
Generalized result with a unified proof of global existence to a class of reaction‐diffusion systems
Authors: Badraoui Salah , Louafi Hichem 
Published: July 2016

We prove in this paper a generalized result with a unified proof of global existence in time of classical solutions to a class of a reaction diffusion system with triangular diffusion matrix on a bounded domain in
. The system in question is ut=aΔu − f(x,t,u,v), vt=cΔu + dΔv + ρf(x,t,u,v),
, t > 0 with f(x,t,0,η) = 0 and f(x,t,ξ,η)≤Kφ(ξ)eση, for all x∈Ω, t > 0, ξ≥0, η≥0; where ρ, K and σ are real positive constants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution operators of three time variables for fractional linear problems
Authors: Emamirad Hassan , Rougirel Arnaud 
Published: July 2016

It is well known that the time fractional equation
where
is the fractional time derivative in the sense of Caputo of u does not generate a dynamical system in the standard sense.In this paper, we study the algebraic properties of the solution operator T(t,s,τ) for that equation with u(s) = v. We apply this theory to linear time fractional PDEs with constant coefficients. These equations are solved by the Fourier multiplier techniques. It appears that their solution exhibits some singularity, which leads us to introduce a new kind of solution for abstract time fractional problems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
F‐bar aided edge‐based smoothed finite element method using tetrahedral elements for finite deformation analysisof nearly incompressible solids
Authors: Onishi Y. , Iida R. , Amaya K. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA new smoothed finite element method (S‐FEM) with tetrahedral elements for finite strain analysis of nearly incompressible solids is proposed. The proposed method is basically a combination of the F‐bar method and edge‐based S‐FEM with tetrahedral elements (ES‐FEM‐T4) and is named ‘F‐barES‐FEM‐T4’. F‐barES‐FEM‐T4 inherits the accuracy and shear locking‐free property of ES‐FEM‐T4. At the same time, it also inherits the volumetric locking‐free property of the F‐bar method. The isovolumetric part of the deformation gradient (Fiso) is derived from the F of ES‐FEM‐T4, whereas the volumetric part (Fvol) is derived from the cyclic smoothing of J(=det(F)) between elements and nodes. Some demonstration analyses confirm that F‐barES‐FEM‐T4 with a sufficient number of cyclic smoothings suppresses the pressure oscillation in nearly incompressible materials successfully with no increase in DOF. Moreover, they reveal that our method is capable of relaxing the corner locking issue arising at the corner in the cylinder barreling analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of a New Series of Sialylated Homo‐ and Heterovalent Glycoclusters by using Orthogonal Ligations
Authors: Daskhan Gour Chand , Pifferi Carlo , Renaudet Olivier 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of heteroglycoclusters (hGCs) is being subjected to rising interest, owing to their potential applications in glycobiology. In this paper, we report an efficient and straightforward convergent protocol based on orthogonal chemoselective ligations to prepare structurally well‐defined cyclopeptide‐based homo‐ and heterovalent glycoconjugates displaying 5‐N‐acetyl‐neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), galactose (Gal), and/or N‐acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc). We first used copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition and/or thiol‐ene coupling to conjugate propargylated α‐sialic acid 3, β‐GlcNAc thiol 5, and β‐Gal thiol 6 onto cyclopeptide scaffolds 7–9 to prepare tetravalent homoglycoclusters (10–12) and hGCs (13–14) with 2:2 combinations of sugars. In addition, we have demonstrated that 1,2‐diethoxycyclobutene‐3,4‐dione can be used as a bivalent linker to prepare various octavalent hGCs (16, 19, and 20) in a controlled manner from these tetravalent structures.
The mammary ducts create a favourable microenvironment for xenografting of luminal and molecular apocrine breast tumours
Authors: Richard Elodie , Grellety Thomas , Velasco Valerie , MacGrogan Gaetan , Bonnefoi Hervé , Iggo Richard 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThere is a paucity of models for hormone receptor‐positive (HR+) breast cancer because of the difficulty of establishing xenografts from these tumours. We show that this obstacle can be overcome by injecting human tumour cells directly into the mammary ducts of immunodeficient mice. Tumours from 31 patients were infected overnight with a lentiviral vector expressing tdTomato and injected through the nipple into the mammary ducts of NOD‐SCID‐IL2RG−/− mice. Tumours formed in the mice in 77% of cases after the first injection (6/8 luminal A, 15/20 luminal B, and 3/3 molecular apocrine). Four luminal A and one molecular apocrine graft were tested in secondary and tertiary grafts: all were successfully passaged in secondary and 4/5 in tertiary grafts. None of the samples engrafted when injected subcutaneously. The morphology, oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptor (AR), and Ki‐67 profiles of the clinical samples were maintained in the tertiary grafts. We also show that the intraductal approach can be used to test the response to targeted therapy with fulvestrant and palbociclib, using a genetically defined ER+ model. We conclude that the mammary ducts create a microenvironment that is uniquely favourable to the survival and growth of tumours derived from mammary hormone‐sensing cells. This approach opens the door to testing genomically targeted treatment of HR+ tumours in precision medicine programmes. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypergolic Behavior of Pyridinium Salts Containing Cyanoborohydride and Dicyanamide Anions with Oxidizer RFNA
Authors: Bhosale Vikas K. , Kulkarni Prashant S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA series of low‐cost, pyridinium cation‐based hypergolic ionic liquids (HIL) containing amine, butyl, or allyl substituents with cyanoborohydride [BH3CN]− and dicyanamide [DCA]− anions were developed and characterized. The investigated physicochemical properties include melting and decomposition temperature, viscosity, density, heat of formation (ΔHf) and specific impulse (Isp). The ignition delay (ID) of all HILs was tested with the oxidizer RFNA. The HIL, 1‐allyl 4‐amino pyridinium dicyanamide, exhibited highest density (1.139 g cm−3) amongst the known pyridinium HILs. The heats of formation predicted on the basis of Gaussian 09 suit programs were within the range of − 30 to 356 kJ mol−1. The structure of HIL, 1‐butyl 4‐aminopyridinium cyanoborohydride, was examined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which revealed hydrogen bonding between anion and cation as N1−H1N⋅⋅⋅N3=2.07 Å, N1−H2N⋅⋅⋅H1B1=2.18 Å, and N1−H2N⋅⋅⋅H2B1=2.21 Å, respectively. HIL (1‐allyl 4‐aminopyridiniun cyanoborohydride) exhibited highest Isp of 228 s amongst the designed series.
Empirical Kinetics Equation of the Synthesis of NTO in Nitric Acid
Authors: Zhao Yun , Chen Shusen , Jin Shaohua , Li Lijie , Dong Xiaoyan , Xing Ruoting , Lu Zhiyan , Liu Qiaoe , Li Wei , Zhang Bo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe influence of concentration of reactants (HNO3 and TO) and reaction temperature on the rate of synthesis of NTO from TO in nitric acid solution was investigated by using an experimental kinetics model. An exponential kinetic equation was established by nitration of TO in 60.4–76.2 % HNO3. Experimental data of the nitration of TO with 60.0–96.7 % HNO3 were used to verify this model. Kinetic parameters such as apparent reaction orders of TO and HNO3, activation energy and frequency factor for nitration of TO were determined. The values of nitration rate calculated were similar to those measured. This model can quantitatively and qualitatively describe the influence of concentration of reactants and reaction temperature on the rate of nitration TO. In addition, it was found that the kinetics model is potentially suitable for approximately predicting the rate of NTO synthesis from TO.
Efficacy of tebuconazole embedded in biodegradable poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate to inhibit the development ofFusarium moniliformein soil microecosystems
Authors: Volova Tatiana G , Prudnikova Svetlana V , Zhila Natalia O , Vinogradova Olga N , Shumilova Anna A , Nikolaeva Elena D , Kiselev Evgeniy G , Shishatskaya Ekaterina I 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn important line of research is the development of a new generation of formulations with targeted and controlled release of the pesticide, using matrices made from biodegradable materials. In this study, slow‐release formulations of the fungicide tebuconazole (TEB) have been prepared by embedding it into the matrix of poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) in the form of films, microgranules and pellets.RESULTSThe average rates ofP3HBdegradation were determined by the geometry of the formulation, reaching, for 63 days, 0.095–0.116, 0.081–0.083 and 0.030–0.055 mg day−1for films, microgranules and pellets respectively. The fungicidal activity ofP3HB/TEBagainst the plant pathogenFusarium moniliformewas compared with that of the commercial formulation Raxil Ultra. A pronounced fungicidal effect of the experimentalP3HB/TEBformulations was observed in 2–4 weeks after application, and it was retained for 8 weeks, without affecting significantly the development of soil aboriginal microflora.CONCLUSIONTEBrelease can be regulated by the process employed to fabricate the formulation and the fungicide loading, and theTEBaccumulates in the soil gradually, as the polymer is degraded. The experimental forms ofTEBembedded in the slowly degradedP3HBcan be used as a basis for developing slow‐release fungicide formulations. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Forward selection for multiple resistance across the non‐selective glyphosate, glufosinate and oxyfluorfen herbicides in Lolium weed species
Authors: Fernández Pablo , Alcántara Ricardo , Osuna María D , Vila‐Aiub Martin M , Prado Rafael De 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the Mediterranean area, Lolium species have evolved resistance to glyphosate after decades of continual use without other alternative chemicals in perennial crops (olive, citrus and vineyards). In recent years, oxyfluorfen alone or mixed with glyphosate and glufosinate has been introduced as a chemical option to control dicot and grass weeds.RESULTSDose‐response studies confirmed that three glyphosate‐resistant Lolium weed species (L. rigidum, L. perenne, L. multiflorum) collected from perennial crops in the Iberian Peninsula have also evolved resistance to glufosinate and oxyfluorfen herbicides, despite their recent introduction. Based on the LD50 resistance parameter, the resistance factor was similar among Lolium species and ranged from 14‐ to 21‐fold and from ten‐ to 12‐fold for oxyfluorfen and glufosinate respectively. Similarly, about 14‐fold resistance to both oxyfluorfen and glufosinate was estimated on average for the three Lolium species when growth reduction (GR50) was assessed. This study identified oxyfluorfen resistance in a grass species for the first time.CONCLUSIONA major threat to sustainability of perennial crops in the Iberian Peninsula is evident, as multiple resistance to non‐selective glyphosate, glufosinate and oxyfluorfen herbicides has evolved in L. rigidum, L. perenne and L. multiflorum weeds. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
RN Evaluation of Errorless Methods in Teaching Discharge Medications to Cognitively Challenged Patients
Authors: Carlos Patiag Maricel , Farrar Highfield Martha E. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
To identify (1) effectiveness of current registered nurse (RN) strategies in teaching discharge medications to cognitively challenged patients and (2) whether errorless teaching/learning (ETL) with pictorial medication cards improves such instruction.

Design:
Cross-sectional, qualitative, pretest/posttest.

Methods:
Open-ended interviews and a class on ETL were conducted with a purposive sample of 10 expert staff RNs from rehabilitation and neurological telemetry units in a 377-bed, not-for-profit hospital. Data were analyzed using content analysis.

Findings:
Informants reported current practices that were not adapted for the cognitively challenged population (n = 10). They also found the new ETL easy, effective, and useful in promoting safety and satisfaction but reported that writing on the cards was too time-consuming (n = 7).

Conclusions:
Although not generalizable, outcomes suggest value in revising and evaluating ETL with a pictorial card for teaching this population.

Clinical Relevance:
Discharge medication knowledge is critical to safe self-management, and using ETL with cognitively challenged persons may promote learning.
Applications of graph containers in the Boolean lattice
Authors: Balogh József , Treglown Andrew , Wagner Adam Zsolt 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe apply the graph container method to prove a number of counting results for the Boolean lattice . In particular, we:

Give a partial answer to a question of Sapozhenko estimating the number of t error correcting codes in , and we also give an upper bound on the number of transportation codes;
Provide an alternative proof of Kleitman's theorem on the number of antichains in and give a two‐coloured analogue;
Give an asymptotic formula for the number of (p, q)‐tilted Sperner families in ;
Prove a random version of Katona's t‐intersection theorem.

In each case, to apply the container method, we first prove corresponding supersaturation results. We also give a construction which disproves two conjectures of Ilinca and Kahn on maximal independent sets and antichains in the Boolean lattice. A number of open questions are also given. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 49, 845–872, 2016
Non‐negative sparse‐based SemiBoost for software defect prediction
Authors: Wang Tiejian , Zhang Zhiwu , Jing Xiaoyuan , Liu Yanli 
Published: July 2016

SummarySoftware defect prediction is an important decision support activity in software quality assurance. The limitation of the labelled modules usually makes the prediction difficult, and the class‐imbalance characteristic of software defect data leads to negative influence on decision of classifiers. Semi‐supervised learning can build high‐performance classifiers by using large amount of unlabelled modules together with the labelled modules. Ensemble learning achieves a better prediction capability for class‐imbalance data by using a series of weak classifiers to reduce the bias generated by the majority class. In this paper, we propose a new semi‐supervised software defect prediction approach, non‐negative sparse‐based SemiBoost learning. The approach is capable of exploiting both labelled and unlabelled data and is formulated in a boosting framework. In order to enhance the prediction ability, we design a flexible non‐negative sparse similarity matrix, which can fully exploit the similarity of historical data by incorporating the non‐negativity constraint into sparse learning for better learning the latent clustering relationship among software modules. The widely used datasets from NASA projects are employed as test data to evaluate the performance of all compared methods. Experimental results show that non‐negative sparse‐based SemiBoost learning outperforms several representative state‐of‐the‐art semi‐supervised software defect prediction methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal exposure to butyl paraben impairs testicular structure and sperm quality on male rats
Authors: Guerra Marina T. , Sanabria Marciana , Leite Gabriel A. A. , Borges Cibele S. , Cucielo Maira S. , Anselmo‐Franci Janete A. , Foster W. G. , Kempinas W. G. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTParabens are hormonally active chemicals widely used as preservatives in foods and are frequently detected in human fluids and tissues. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of maternal butyl paraben (BP) exposure on male sexual development. Pregnant Wistar rats received corn oil (control group), or BP at doses of 10, 100, or 200 mg/kg, subcutaneously, from gestational day 12 until postnatal day 21. Our results demonstrated that developmental BP exposure significantly increased the number of adult Leydig cells and the circulating concentrations of testosterone and attenuated FSH and LH concentrations at 200 mg/kg. BP exposure adversely affected spermatogenesis kinetics at doses of 10 and 200 mg/kg and provoked a decrease in the immunostaining of EsR1 and AR at 200 mg/kg. The sperm motility was impaired at the 10 mg/kg dose, and sperm head abnormalities were increased in all BP dose groups. We suggest that BP impairs testicular structure and function in the rat, affecting sperm quality. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1273–1289, 2017.
Musculoskeletal Involvement in SSc is Associated with Worse Scores on Short Form-36 and Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire and Lower Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Pelrine Eliza R. , Ah-Kioon Marie-Dominique , Zhang Meng , Barrat Franck J. , Spiera Robert F. , Gordon Jessica K. 
Published: July 2016

Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by a wide variety of symptoms and disease manifestations including joint pain, gastrointestinal dysfunction, interstitial lung disease, and cardiomyopathy. Questions/Purposes Using the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) we explored how patient-reported physical health, mental health, and functional status related to these clinical characteristics and to cytokine levels utilizing the Hospital for Special Surgery Scleroderma Registry. Methods In a cross-sectional study of 185 patients meeting the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria for SSc, we compared disease features and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) levels were assessed by luminex and ELISA assays in a subset of 32 patients. The Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient, two-sample t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test, ANOVA or Kuskal-Wallis test, and Pearson chi-squared or Fisher's exact test were performed as applicable to detect the association between disease manifestations, PROs, and blood biomarkers. Results The modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) was positively correlated with SHAQ scores. Patients who had musculoskeletal involvement scored worse on both the SHAQ and SF-36. Lower levels of TNFα expression in PBMCs were also correlated with musculoskeletal involvement. No other significant correlations were found between clinical factors, PROs, and cytokine data. Conclusion Musculoskeletal outcomes are a major determinant of quality of life and function in patients with SSc. These results emphasize the importance of musculoskeletal outcomes in clinical studies of SSc.
Critical Behavior and Ensuing Phase Separations in Paraben‐Solubilized Micellar Solutions of Ionic Surfactants
Authors: Patel Urja , Parekh Paresh , Ray Debes , Aswal Vinod Kumar , Bahadur Pratap , Ganguly Rajib 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAqueous solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) show micellar growth in the presence of various organic and inorganic additives. The simultaneous presence of some of these additives exhibit synergistic effects on micellar growth in this system due to their diverse nature of influences on the critical packing parameter of CTAB micelles. In this manuscript, we report dynamic light scattering, small‐angle neutron scattering and rheological studies on influences of the widely used preservative butyl paraben and NaCl on the growth and interaction of CTAB micelles. These additives show synergism in micellar growth and induce micellar attraction‐driven phase separations of both upper consolute temperature and lower consolute temperature regimes in aqueous solutions of CTAB. Quite interestingly, such micellar attraction‐driven phase separations are also induced in aqueous systems of other cationic and anionic surfactants in the simultaneous presence of a hydrophobic substance and NaCl. These systematic observations of micellar attraction‐driven phase separation are the first of this kind in aqueous systems of ionic surfactants. The results also suggest that the use of parabens as preservatives in some ionic surfactantbased formulations can also help in tuning their rheological characteristics.
Influence of a Zwitterionic Surfactant on the Surface Properties of Electroless Ni–P Coating on Mild Steel
Authors: Muraliraja R. , Elansezhian R. , Sudagar J. , Raviprakash A. V. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract3‐(N,N‐Dimethyl myristyl‐ammonio) propane sulfonate zwitterionic surfactant (C14‐SB) which possessed both positive and negative charges was evaluated in the electroless Ni–P coating process. It was observed that the deposition rate, morphology and microhardness of the deposits were enhanced by the addition of C14‐SB surfactant. The excess attractive forces from the negative head of C14‐SB were strong enough to draw metallic nickel particles towards the substrate. Ni particles attempting to deposit on the electrolyte container were eliminated by the repulsive force from the positive head of the surfactant monomers. Thus, the deposition rate of the coating process was improved. The surfactant at its critical micelle concentration (CMC) doubles the deposition rate when compared to the substrate without surfactant. In addition, the microhardness of the deposit at the surfactant CMC increased by 62 %. The corrosion rate of the substrate without surfactant was 7.15 mpy, while it was 3.97 mpy for the substrate deposited with C14‐SB zwitterionic surfactant at the CMC.