bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Population-Based Algorithm to Detect Chronic Psychotic Illness
Authors: Kurdyak Paul , Lin Elizabeth , Green Diane , Vigod Simone 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To validate algorithms to detect people with chronic psychotic illness in population-based health administrative databases. Method: We developed 8 algorithms to detect chronic psychotic illness using hospitalization and physician service claims data from administrative health databases in Ontario to identify cases of chronic psychotic illness between 2002 and 2007. Diagnostic data abstracted from the records of 281 randomly selected psychiatric patients from 2 hospitals in Toronto were linked to the administrative data cohort to test sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values. Results: Using only hospitalization data to capture chronic psychotic illness yielded the highest specificity (range 69.9% to 84.7%) and the highest PPV (range 55.2% to 80.8%). Using physician service claims in addition to hospitalization data to capture cases increased sensitivity (range 90.1% to 98.8%) but decreased specificity (range 31.1% to 68.0%) and PPV (range 38.4% to 71.1%). Conclusion: Using health administrative data to study population-based outcomes for people with chronic psychotic illness is feasible and valid. Researchers can select case identification methods based on whether a more sensitive or more specific definition of chronic psychotic illness is desired.
Housing First for People with Severe Mental Illness Who are Homeless: A Review of the Research and Findings from the at Home—Chez soi Demonstration Project
Authors: Aubry Tim , Nelson Geoffrey , Tsemberis Sam 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To provide a review of the extant research literature on Housing First (HF) for people with severe mental illness (SMI) who are homeless and to describe the findings of the recently completed At Home (AH)–Chez soi (CS) demonstration project. HF represents a paradigm shift in the delivery of community mental health services, whereby people with SMI who are homeless are supported through assertive community treatment or intensive case management to move into regular housing. Method: The AH–CS demonstration project entailed a randomized controlled trial conducted in 5 Canadian cities between 2009 and 2013. Mixed methods were used to examine the implementation of HF programs and participant outcomes, comparing 1158 people receiving HF to 990 people receiving standard care. Results: Initial research conducted in the United States shows HF to be a promising approach, yielding superior outcomes in helping people to rapidly exit homelessness and establish stable housing. Findings from the AH–CS demonstration project reveal that HF can be successfully adapted to different contexts and for different populations without losing its fidelity. People receiving HF achieved superior housing outcomes and showed more rapid improvements in community functioning and quality of life than those receiving treatment as usual. Conclusions: Knowledge translation efforts have been undertaken to disseminate the positive findings and lessons learned from the AH–CS project and to scale up the HF approach across Canada.
Using Avoidable Admissions to Measure Quality of Care for Cardiometabolic and other Physical Comorbidities of Psychiatric Disorders: A Population-Based, Record-Linkage Analysis
Authors: Kisely Steve , Ehrlich Carolyn , Kendall Elizabeth , Lawrence David 
Published: July 2017

Objective: Quality of care for comorbid physical disorders in psychiatric patients can be assessed by the number of avoidable admissions for ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) conditions. These are admissions for physical conditions that, with appropriate primary care, should not require inpatient treatment. Avoidable admissions for ACS conditions feature prominently in Australia's National Health Performance Framework and have been used to assess health care provision for marginalized groups, such as Indigenous patients or those of lower socioeconomic status. They have not been applied to people with mental illness. Methods: A population-based, record-linkage analysis was used to measure ACS admissions for physical disorder in psychiatric patients of state-based facilities in Queensland, Australia, during 5 years. Results: There were 77 435 males (48.0%) and 83 783 females (52%) (total n = 161 218). Among these, 13 219 psychiatric patients (8.2%) had at least 1 ACS admission, the most common being for diabetes ( n = 6086) and angina ( n = 2620). Age-standardized rates were double those of the general population. Within the psychiatric group, and after adjusting for confounders, those who had ever been psychiatric inpatients experienced the highest rates of ACS admissions, especially for diabetes. Conclusions: In common with other marginalized groups, psychiatric patients have increased ACS admissions. Therefore, this measure could be used as an indicator of difficulties in access to appropriate primary care in Canada, given the availability of similar administrative data.
Organizational Characteristics of Solid-Organ Donor Hospitals and Nondonor Hospitals
Authors: Klassen Ann C. , Klassen David K. , Aronoff Remy , Hall Allyson G. , Braslow Judith 
Published: July 2017

Context Efforts to increase organ donation include serious attempts in hospital settings, where unrealized donation potential exists. Research on hospital donation must include understanding organizational as well as patient-specific influences on the donation process. Objective To identify organizational characteristics that distinguish hospitals producing organ donations from those that do not, and to estimate the number of nondonor hospitals with donor potential. Design Data from the American Hospital Association's 1992 annual survey of hospitals were matched to Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network information from the United Network for Organ Sharing regarding the number of solid-organ donors in 1992. Hospitals with donation capability were identified, based on bed size and factors necessary to produce successful donor maintenance and organ recovery. Based on statistical analyses, organizational characteristics distinguishing donor hospitals from nondonor hospitals were identified. We also compared the number of donors and the number of donor hospitals in 1992 and 1996. Setting United States. Results Among all hospitals affiliated with the American Hospital Association (n =5607), 1214 (22%) were identified as donor hospitals (≥1 donation in 1992). Of 2333 hospitals with procurement capability, 1268 (54%) produced no donors in 1992. Based on a multiple logistic regression model, donor hospitals differed from nondonor hospitals by hospital ownership, with municipally owned hospitals more likely and federally owned hospitals less likely to produce donation, compared with for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals. Other organizational characteristics associated with donor hospitals were level of trauma services, whether the hospital had a transplant surgery program or a hospital ethics committee, and whether it was located in the South Atlantic, Southwest Central, or Pacific regions of the United States. Conclusions Among hospitals not currently producing organ donations, there is a sizable subgroup with donor potential. This area merits further attention.
A Comparison of OPO Pulsatile Machine Preservation Practices and Results
Authors: Szust Joel , Olson Les , Cravero Lynn 
Published: July 2017

Context Kidney preservation has been performed by either ice (static) or machine pulsatile perfusion. Ice storage is simple, with only 1 methodology. Machine perfusion, on the other hand, is accomplished using multiple methodologies. This article delineates the different methodologies of pumping centers throughout the country. Objective Pulsatile machine perfusion is again being viewed as the preservation method of choice for kidneys from Non—Heart-beating cadaver donors and cadaver kidneys from marginal donors. To develop indices to predict the viability of cadaver kidneys for transplant, a review of the organ procurement organizations, specific perfusion techniques, and a comparison of the delayed graft function and graft survival rates were considered. Methods A survey, asking for specifics on perfusion parameters, pulsatile machine perfusion experience, and criteria for perfusion implementation and graft survival results, was mailed to all organ procurement organizations in the United States. Results Of the 44 centers that responded to the survey, 12 used pulsatile machine perfusion (11 used the Waters perfusion machine), 6 pumped marginal cadaver kidneys, and the remaining 6 pumped all cadaver kidneys. Minimum perfusion criteria, pulse rates, perfusate composition, pressures, renal resistance, and renal pressure and flow were considered. Vasodilators and other machine additives were used to improve flow. The variance in each center's number of cadaver kidneys pumped each year, as well as the differences in pump times, was noted. Conclusion Twelve centers use pulsatile machine perfusion. A variety of techniques are used to perform pulsatile machine perfusion, but 11 of 12 have less delayed graft function than those programs employing ice storage preservation.
Future Problem Solving
Authors: Parker Jeanette 
Published: July 2017

Some scientists contend that the next Ice Age has already begun. For example, Lowell Ponte in his recent book. The Cooling: Has the Next Ice Age Already Begun? Can We Survive It? (Prentice-Hall, 1976, $8.95), maintains that the well-documented cooling of the world's climate presents humankind with the most important social, political, and adaptive challenge we have had to deal with in 10,000 years. He warns that if strong measures are not taken to deal with these climatic changes, the world may face widespread famine, chaos, and war by the year 2000. He suggests three alternative courses of action: (1) adapting ourselves to the new climatic conditions, (2) changing the weather and climate on a limited local scale, or (3) controlling climate on the global level. In this first problem in the Future Problem Solving Program, your team will explore the first of these three alternatives — adapting ourselves to the new climatic conditions — the cooling of the earth.**
Primary Gifted Programs
Authors: Morgan Harry W. 
Published: July 2017

“Why is it that there are so few primary children in gifted programs?” Or would it be better to ask, “Why is it that there are so few primary programs for gifted children?” We need to identify gifted children at early ages and deal with their unique abilities, if we are to enhance these abilities. If we fail to do this, we may observe a degeneration in the gifted child's desire for learning. It is our obligation as educators to provide for the individual needs of all of our students and that includes our gifted students. — H.W.M.
1982 Directory of Summer Options for the Gifted and Talented
Authors: Goodrum Smith 
Published: July 2017

The following directory of options for gifted and talented students for the summer of 1982 represents a response to a questionnaire circulated to all previous participants and newly identified programs. The Directory does not constitute an endorsement by G/C/T or the author. I hope, however, that the directory will serve both administrators and parents to achieve an appropriate match between program offerings and the particular talents of the student. Summer programs are proving to be very beneficial to many gifted children. I would encourage anyone interested in beginning a program to contact the Directors in the listing for program ideas and resources. An additional survey will be reported soon which provides a cumulative descriptive profile of the various summer activities. Anyone interested in participating should contact the author at Mars Hill College. All participants will be listed in the references for the report. Anyone wishing to participate in a future directory or with ideas as to how the directory can be more beneficial please contact the Editor of G/C/T or the author. — S.G.
The Use of Food Supplements among Women Attending Menopause Clinics in the West Midlands
Authors: Gokhale Leena , Sturdee David W , Parsons Anthony D 
Published: July 2017

Objective To estimate the extent of use of over the counter food supplements in women attending menopause clinics in the West Midlands Study design Questionnaire survey of women attending menopause clinics in Solihull Hospital, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Rugby and Walsgrave Hospitals and Birmingham Women's Hospital. Main outcome measures Type and rate of use of food supplements in hormone replacement therapy (HRT)users and nonusers and perceived benefits. Results Three hundred and forty women completed the questionnaire. 95% (n = 326) belonged to the white European ethnic group. The median age was 53 years, with 50% (n = 170) in the 50–59 years age group, and 30 % (n = 95) in the age range 40–49 years. Overall use of over the counter supplements in the clinic was 43% (n = 147), with Oil of Evening Primrose (53%) and vitamins (44%) being the most commonly used preparations. 71% (n = 242) women were users of conventional HRT. Of these, 46% were also using food supplements. The use of food supplements was higher amongst HRT users (46%) as compared to non-HRT users (32%). The use was similar between smokers and non-smokers. The most commonly perceived benefit was a feeling of well-being, 39% (n = 58/147). The proportionate use was highest in social class I and class II (51% and 54% respectively), in keeping with amount of disposable income. Friends (27%), the internet (26%) and magazines (20%) were the most commonly quoted sources of information. 79% (n = 116/147) were spending up to £10 each month on alternative remedies. 10% (n = 14/147) of women were visiting practitioners of alternative remedies. Conclusions The use of food supplements is widespread and particularly in those already taking conventional HRT. This study was not designed to test confidence in orthodox medicine, but the prevalence of use of supplements amongst menopausal women attending menopause clinics. The most commonly perceived benefit is a feeling of well-being, but users of food supplements are unsure of any additional benefit when supplements are taken in conjunction with conventional therapy. There is a misapprehension that “herbal” or “natural” equals safe. In addition, the correlation between supplement use and side effects is very seldom made, as these compounds are mistakenly considered almost universally safe, and physicians often fail to enquire about their use in routine history taking.
Comparison of the Effect of Progesterone, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Norethisterone on the Proliferation of Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Seeger Harald , Wallwiener Diethelm , Mueck Alfred O 
Published: July 2017

Objective To investigate in vitro the influence of the three most used progestogens in continuous combined HRT on cell proliferation of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Study design Progesterone (P), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and norethisterone (NET) were investigated in the range of 0.01 nM to 10 μM alone and in combination with 10 nM oestradiol. Cell proliferation was measured after seven days using the ATP-chemosensitivity test. Results P alone reduced cell proliferation by 20 and 40% at 10−7 and 10−5 M. MPA and NET displayed a significant inhibition of cell proliferation between 20 and 25% for MPA and 23 and 41% for NET over the whole concentration range tested. The effect was greatest at 10−7 M for MPA and at 10−9 M for NET. In combination with oestradiol, P still significantly reduced cell proliferation, the values being between 12 and 61%. For MPA too an inhibitory effect between 20 and 40% was found, whereas for NET the values were between 23 and 38%. Conclusions Our in vitro results indicate that the influence on breast cancer risk using HRT in postmenopausal women may depend on the type of progestogen used as well as on the regimen applied. However, the inhibitory in vitro net effect of the progestogens at clinically relevant dosages is rather minimal and it remains uncertain as to whether progestogens generally may reduce breast cancer risk in long-term treatment. Further clinical trials are urgently required to determine the appropriate choice - if any - of progestogen to complement HRT.
Workload Evaluations of a Stereo 3-D Computer-Generated Pictorial Primary Flight Display
Authors: Nataupsky Mark , Pope Alan T. , McManus Mary L. , Burdette Daniel X. 
Published: July 2017

With the advent of digital avionics and cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, the use of computer-generated flight displays has become increasingly prevalent in both commercial and military cockpits. These flight displays, however, typically are renditions of the electromechanical displays that are being replaced. But there is great potential for display enhancement and integration through formats such as pictorial, real-world formats that could enhance situation awareness and reduce crew workload. This study had as its objective the exploration of workload measures in conjunction with a larger study of a computer-generated, integrated pictorial primary flight display presented in stereo and non-stereo modes. Of interest in the workload aspect of the study was the ability to differentiate workload attendant with use of several versions of the pictorial display having alternate implementations of 3-D symbology cues, presented in stereo and non-stereo modes. Both physiological and subjective measures were used with a pilot-in-the-loop flight simulation task. The physiological measure was visually-evoked brain wave potentials; the subjectve measure was the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) (Reid, Shingledecker, and Eggemeier, 1981a and Reid, Shingledecker, Clark, and Eggemeier, 1981b). A number of physiological studies have demonstrated the relationship of the P300 component of event-related brain potentials to controlled stimuli (e.g., Zacharias, 1988). Further physiological studies by Kramer, Donchin, and Wickens (In Press) have shown that the amplitude of the P300 can be related to levels of pilot workload. The SWAT is a validated measure of subjective workload. Nataupsky and Abbott (1987) used SWAT to differentiate levels of a pilot's perception of workload in a piloted simulator flight task. The workload portion of the study was accomplished in the following manner. Pilots were initialized on the nominal flight path (as defined within the pictorial display). After approximately 2 seconds, they were suddenly offset to one of eight positions. The sudden display shift was the stimulus to which pilots had been asked to respond with control inputs and was the trigger for the visually-evoked response. Thus, contrary to previous studies conducted at Langley which used secondary tasks to elicit evoked potentials, this study had the primary task as the trigger for the evoked response. The pilots' task was to make the initial pitch and/or roll input necessary to correct back to the nominal flight path. Data was collected on 216 trials for each of eight Air Force pilots. Analysis of the workload data is in progress.
Panel Session on Extracting Testimony from the Human Factors Expert Witness
Authors: Middendorf Lorna 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this panel is to focus on concepts and procedures used by the human factors expert witness in providing evaluative and court-related services in product liability and similar legal actions. The role of the human factors expert witness during trial and specifically during the taking of trial testimony will be presented with analysis and discussion to demonstrate direct examination of qualifications or voir dire, presentation of scientific foundations, opinions and conclusions. This panel has been planned as part of an annual meeting series to answer expressed member needs for information on legal procedures, the experience and techniques of other experts, training on tactics and strategy for participation in the adversarial legal system, and ethics/standards regarding giving testimony (Forensics Professional Technical Group Survey, 1987). There will be a legal/human factors approach with a witness-attorney demonstration of direct testimony to promote an understanding of the special role of the human factors expert witness in providing competent, ethical and understandable testimony to assist the trier of fact in litigation. An important goal is to provide participants in the panel session with some basic knowledge for appropriate conduct during the process of trial direct examination.
The Effects of Legibility and Display Size on Performance for RAPCOM and Spatial Display Formats
Authors: Joseph Kurt M. , Uhlarik John 
Published: July 2017

Information formatting in terms of optimal spatial and temporal parameters has become an important issue with the advent of computer automated displays. One temporal format involving sequential presentation of information, termed RAPCOM (for rapid comunication; cf., Matin and Boff, 1988), has the potential to increase performance in situations involving high information transfer rates. The present study investigated the relative contributions of two spatial parameters comparing RAPCOM with more conventional spatial formats involving simultaneous presentation of information. The parameters of character size and spatial separation were examined because they are important determinants of display legibility and visual search, respectively. Performance was assessed in terms of speed and accuracy for a task that required observers to recall integers presented in either an analog or digital format. The findings showed that accuracy performance decreased as the information became spatially separated. Specifically, RAPCOM formats produced the best performance and the large spatial separation the worst performance. A different pattern of results was obtained for character size, depending on whether the display indicators were analog or digital. For analog dials, character size had no systematic effect on performance. However, for digital dials, character size produced an interaction in that the fastest and most accurate performance of all conditions was associated with the spatial format consisting of large characters and small spatial separation. In other words, under conditions associated with high legibility and relatively low visual search, more traditional spatial formats exceeded performance levels associated with the RAPCOM format. These findings are relevant for designers when trying to evaluate the relative merits inherent in spatial versus temporal display formats.