bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging signal changes at the intramuscular injection site in dogs: Comparison of medetomidine and saline
Authors: Kwon Sojeong , Noh Daji , Yamada Kazutaka , Lee Sang‐Kwon , Choi Hojung , Lee Youngwon , Lee Kija 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntramuscular administration is a commonly used method for delivering sedatives and anesthetics in veterinary medicine. Previous studies have reported inflammation at the intramuscular injection site in laboratory animals and observed signal changes on MRI following intramuscular injections in humans. We hypothesized that following intramuscular injection, the site would exhibit T2 hyperintensity and contrast enhancement on MRI. To investigate this, this prospective study evaluated the pattern of signal changes and grade of T2 signal intensity and contrast enhancement over time after the intramuscular injection of medetomidine at a premedication dosage, comparing it to saline. MRI scans were performed immediately postinjection into the biceps femoris and quadriceps femoris muscles, as well as at 2, 8, 24, and 72 h, and 7 days postinjection. A semiquantitative scale was utilized to grade signal intensity and contrast enhancement. Both medetomidine and saline injections showed T2 hyperintensity immediately after injection and contrast enhancement from 2 h postinjection, manifesting as flame‐shaped. These signal changes decreased up to 24 h postinjection (p < .05). The signal changes induced by medetomidine showed higher T2 hyperintense change and stronger contrast enhancement compared with saline at most time points, with the signal changes persisting for a longer duration (p < .05). These findings suggest that intramuscular administration of medetomidine induces a more severe tissue reaction compared with saline, and the results are expected to aid in the differentiation of various muscle diseases that present with similar MRI findings.
Polynomial‐exponential equations — Some new cases of solvability
Authors: Mantova Vincenzo , Masser David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecently, Brownawell and the second author proved a ‘non‐degenerate’ case of the (unproved) ‘Zilber Nullstellensatz’ in connexion with ‘Strong Exponential Closure’. Here, we treat some significant new cases. In particular, these settle completely the problem of solving polynomial‐exponential equations in two complex variables. The methods of proof are also new, as is the consequence, for example, that there are infinitely many complex with .
Membrane trafficking of synaptic adhesion molecules
Authors: Bogaciu Cristian A. , Rizzoli Silvio O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSynapse formation and stabilization are aided by several families of adhesion molecules, which are generally seen as specialized surface receptors. The function of most surface receptors, including adhesion molecules, is modulated in non‐neuronal cells by the processes of endocytosis and recycling, which control the number of active receptors found on the cell surface. These processes have not been investigated extensively at the synapse. This review focuses on the current status of this topic, summarizing general findings on the membrane trafficking of the most prominent synaptic adhesion molecules. Remarkably, evidence for endocytosis processes has been obtained for many synaptic adhesion proteins, including dystroglycans, latrophilins, calsyntenins, netrins, teneurins, neurexins, neuroligins and neuronal pentraxins. Less evidence has been obtained on their recycling, possibly because of the lack of specific assays. We conclude that the trafficking of the synaptic adhesion molecules is an important topic, which should receive more attention in the future.
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Numerical Investigation of Two-Phase Shock Waves in CO2 Flows Using a Modified Hertz–Knudsen Model
Authors: Petruccelli Giuseppe , Dolatabadi Amir Momeni , Grönman Aki , Turunen-Saaresti Teemu , Guardone Alberto 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Understanding the complex behavior of two-phase shocks in CO2 flows is essential for a variety of applications, including carbon capture and storage () and transcritical refrigeration cycles. This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of two-phase shock waves using the multispecies user-defined real gas model in Ansys Fluent. The simulations are performed for de-Laval nozzles, exploring the two-phase shock features for three-dimensional (3D), two-dimensional (2D), and two-dimensional axisymmetric geometries. The nonequilibrium condensation, subsequent evaporation, and denucleation occurring across the shock are modeled through a set of user-defined scalar transport equations implemented within Ansys Fluent. The two-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out in proximity to the critical point where real gas effects are relevant. The CO2 real gas properties are computed using an in-house Python code and integrated into the solver via user-defined functions as external look-up tables. This study provides valuable insights into the physical processes underlying two-phase shocks in CO2 flows and their sensitivity to geometric variations and thermodynamic conditions. The findings contribute to the development and modification of predictive models and optimized designs for systems involving two-phase CO2 flows. The results highlight the influence of geometry configurations and thermodynamic conditions on shock location and intensity, providing comparisons for shock waves occurring in two-phase flows and supercritical single-phase flows.
A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study on the Performance of Modified H-Shaped VAWTs for Tilted Operation Condition
Authors: Kouaissah Otman , Franchina Nicoletta , Persico Giacomo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Wind energy harvesting may see radical transformation with the introduction of new wind turbine concepts. The vertical axis configuration offers significant advantages that may promote the installation in deep waters, where only floating platforms are feasible and economically convenient. While experimental tests for multi-objective assessment are expensive, and analytical methods relying on blade element momentum are of limited fidelity, advanced, high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques are a promising tool for the performance prediction of wind turbines. CFD simulations enable critical evaluation of real-time, long-term aerodynamic loading and prediction across various operational scenarios. This paper presents a fully three-dimensional (3D) CFD investigation on the aerodynamics and near-wake development of a small-scale H-shaped vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) and two modified versions suited to tilted conditions, typical for spar-buoy applications. An in-depth spanwise study of the three versions at the peak power condition is performed. The difference in the swept area and the coning angle effect in combination with the tilt condition are considered. The obtained results show significant, potential, contribution to the ongoing development of the floating-VAWT technology. The vortical structures development is also commented to provide better understanding of the physical phenomena taking place. Since the relevant energy harvesting capability being predicted for the newly designed turbines, further simulations aimed at demonstrating the engineering relevance of the machines, utility-scale models of the turbine. The numerical predictions confirm the high performance achievable by the HV-shaped wind turbines, providing valuable insights for its future installations.
Naamidine A reveals a promising zinc-binding strategy for topical antifungal therapy
Authors: Puumala Emily , Nabeela Sunna , Thornburg Christopher C. , Grkovic Tanja , Uppuluri Priya , Whitesell Luke , O'Keefe Barry R. , Robbins Nicole , Cowen Leah E. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Fungal disease affects over a billion people worldwide. Naamidine A inhibits the growth of diverse fungal pathogens through an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that the supplementation of medium with excess zinc abolishes the antifungal activity of naamidine A. Furthermore, we highlight that naamidine A has
in vitro
activity against terbinafine-resistant
Trichophyton spp
. and
in vivo
efficacy in a mouse model of dermatomycosis caused by
T. mentagrophytes,
highlighting its therapeutic potential as a topical treatment.
Human rhinovirus 16 induces an ICAM-1-PKR-ATF2 axis to modulate macrophage functions
Authors: Faure-Dupuy Suzanne , Depierre Manon , Fremont-Debaene Zoé , Herit Floriane , Niedergang Florence 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Human rhinovirus (HRV) infections are the leading cause of disease exacerbations in individuals with chronic pulmonary diseases, primarily due to impaired macrophage functions, resulting in defective bacterial elimination. We previously demonstrated that HRV16 impairs macrophages’ functions in an ARL5b-dependent manner. In permissive cells, ARL5b acted as an HRV16 restriction factor and was repressed. Here, we delve into the dual regulation of ARL5b by HRV16 in both cell types. We analyzed the effect of HRV16 on primary human macrophages using neutralizing antibodies, specific inhibitors, siRNA, and chromatin immune precipitation. Our study reveals that, while the virus does not replicate in macrophages, it induces interferon and pro-inflammatory responses. We identify the ICAM-1-PKR-ATF2 signaling axis as crucial for ARL5b induction in macrophages, whereas only ICAM-1 plays a role in ARL5b repression in permissive cells. Furthermore, HRV16 triggers epigenetic reprogramming in both cell types at the ARL5b promoter. In macrophages, epigenetic changes are ATF2 dependent. In conclusion, our findings highlight previously unknown signaling pathways activated by HRV16 in macrophages. Targeting these pathways could offer novel strategies to improve outcomes for individuals with respiratory conditions.

IMPORTANCE
Human rhinovirus (HRV) infections are the leading cause of disease exacerbations in individuals with chronic pulmonary conditions and are frequently associated with bacterial superinfections due to defective bacterial elimination by macrophages. We previously identified ARL5b-induction by HRV16 to be responsible for the impairment of bacteria elimination. In contrast, in permissive cells, ARL5b is repressed and acts as a restriction factor for HRV16. Here, we investigated the dual regulation of ARL5b by HRV16 in these cells. Our study reveals that the ICAM-1-PKR-ATF2 signaling axis is crucial for ARL5b induction in macrophages. In permissive cells, only ICAM-1 plays a role in ARL5b repression. Moreover, HRV16 triggered epigenetic reprogramming in macrophages. ARL5b promoter was repressed in an ATF2-dependent manner. Collectively, our findings reveal previously unknown signaling pathways activated by HRV16 in macrophages. Targeting these pathways provides novel strategies to target ARL5b expression specifically in macrophages and improve outcomes for individuals with respiratory pathologies.
Is it me or is it you? Physiological effects of the honey bee microbiota may instead be due to host maturation
Authors: Kwong Waldan K. , Raymann Kasie 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Microbiota-mediated impacts on host physiology and behavior have been widely reported in honey bees (
Apis mellifera
). However, most of these studies are conducted in artificial lab settings and fail to take into account, or make incorrect assumptions about, the complex physical and social structures inherent to natural hive conditions. A new study by Liberti et al. (J. Liberti, E. T. Frank, T. Kay, L. Kesner, et al., mBio 15:e01034-24, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01034-24
) identifies one such overlooked aspect—the behavioral maturation from nurses to foragers—that can be a serious confounding factor in bee microbiota experiments. Using cuticular hydrocarbon profiling to discern between the two maturation states, they find that multiple physiological and behavioral differences between age-matched lab bees could potentially be explained by their maturation state instead of the intended treatment conditions, such as microbial inoculation. This study serves as a stark wake-up call on the necessity of careful replication and cross-disciplinary knowledge transfer (e.g., between animal specialists and microbiologists) in order to truly understand complex host–microbe systems.
Trace Element Composition of Discordant Zircon as a Reflection of the Fluid Regime of Paleoproterozoic Granulite Metamorphism (Khapchan Terrane, Anabar Shield)
Authors: Skublov S. G. , Gusev N. I. , Salimgaraeva L. I. , Romanova L. Yu. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
New data on the U–Pb age (SHRIMP-II) and trace element composition (SIMS) of zircon from gneisses of the Khapchan Group of the Khapchan terrane of the Anabar Shield are presented. Zircon grains contain relicts of magmatic zircon, the protolith and source areas of which are difficult to specify. The only zircon in this group with the least altered core preserved the 207Pb/206Pb protolith age of 1971 ± 19 Ma. During granulite metamorphism, the zircon was subjected to the impact of fluid enriched in incompatible elements. The disurbances affected both the U–Pb isotope system (zircon age was “reset” at metamorphic age of 1920–1930 Ma) and composition of zircon, magmatic cores of which were significantly recrystallized in a solid state or dissolved by fluid up to the practically complete disappearance of primary zircon. In both the cases, zircon was sharply enriched in incompatible elements (Ca, Ti, Pb, Sr, Ba, and some others) owing to fluid effect, while preserved cores seemed to be rimmed by a new zircon population (CL-black). The REE distribution patterns in the recrystallized cores acquired a “bird’s wing” profile atypical for zircon. When the fluid lost its reactivity, the main part of the zircon grain crystallized, typical of granulite zircon. This zircon population is less enriched in incompatible element than the cores are. The horizontal pattern of HREE distribution is consistently repeated, which indicates the co-crystallization of zircon and garnet. The estimated crystallization temperature of the main part of zircon varies in a narrow range of 800–830°C. All zircon domains in the Wetherill concordia diagram form a single trend with a zero lower intercept and an upper intercept confirmed by concordant cluster with an age around 1920–1930 Ma. This value corresponds to the age of regional Paleoproterozoic granulite metamorphism. A unique feature of zircon from the Khapchan gneisses is that its cores did not retain the age marks of the protolith, but were completely reset during metamorphism both in terms of the U-Pb system and the trace element composition, which can be explained by the extremely high intensity of fluid impact during the granulite facies metamorphism superimposed on the rocks of the Khapchan terrane of the Anabar Shield.
Pigmented basal cell carcinoma mimicking nodular melanoma
Authors: Purushottama Manila , Ashwini Shankar Bharathi , Ranugha Poovanur Sadasivam Subramanian , Basavaraj Vijaya 
Published: September 2024

The most common form of primary skin cancer is basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Pigmented BCC is a less common clinical presentation in BCC spectrum, where the tumour contains pigment. Some cases can exhibit morphological features that mimic those of nodular melanoma (NM). We present a woman in her late 40’s who had an asymptomatic firm, hyperpigmented nodule on the right cheek resembling pigmented NM. Dermoscopy showed diffuse hyperpigmentation with irregular shiny surface and a solitary haemorrhagic crust. Melanoacanthoma and irritated seborrheic keratosis were the other differentials considered. Punch biopsy showed features of trichoepithelioma initially, subsequent complete excision was suggestive of pigmented BCC.Mortality related to BCC is rare, whereas NM is aggressive. Hence, clinicians need to be aware of this rare presentation of BCC as a hyperpigmented nodule, particularly in dark-skinned individuals. Timely differentiation between melanoma and BCC is crucial given their differing prognosis.
Software using artificial intelligence for nodule and cancer detection in CT lung cancer screening: systematic review of test accuracy studies
Authors: Geppert Julia , Asgharzadeh Asra , Brown Anna , Stinton Chris , Helm Emma J , Jayakody Surangi , Todkill Daniel , Gallacher Daniel , Ghiasvand Hesam , Patel Mubarak , Auguste Peter , Tsertsvadze Alexander , Chen Yen-Fu , Grove Amy , Shinkins Bethany , Clarke Aileen , Taylor-Phillips Sian 
Published: September 2024

Objectives
To examine the accuracy and impact of artificial intelligence (AI) software assistance in lung cancer screening using CT.

Methods
A systematic review of CE-marked, AI-based software for automated detection and analysis of nodules in CT lung cancer screening was conducted. Multiple databases including Medline, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from 2012 to March 2023. Primary research reporting test accuracy or impact on reading time or clinical management was included. QUADAS-2 and QUADAS-C were used to assess risk of bias. We undertook narrative synthesis.

Results
Eleven studies evaluating six different AI-based software and reporting on 19 770 patients were eligible. All were at high risk of bias with multiple applicability concerns. Compared with unaided reading, AI-assisted reading was faster and generally improved sensitivity (+5% to +20% for detecting/categorising actionable nodules; +3% to +15% for detecting/categorising malignant nodules), with lower specificity (−7% to −3% for correctly detecting/categorising people without actionable nodules; −8% to −6% for correctly detecting/categorising people without malignant nodules). AI assistance tended to increase the proportion of nodules allocated to higher risk categories. Assuming 0.5% cancer prevalence, these results would translate into additional 150–750 cancers detected per million people attending screening but lead to an additional 59 700 to 79 600 people attending screening without cancer receiving unnecessary CT surveillance.

Conclusions
AI assistance in lung cancer screening may improve sensitivity but increases the number of false-positive results and unnecessary surveillance. Future research needs to increase the specificity of AI-assisted reading and minimise risk of bias and applicability concerns through improved study design.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42021298449.
Factors Determining Intention to Use Contraception Among Sexually Active Women in South Africa: A Multilevel Modelling Approach
Authors: Motshegwa Germinah , Tsawe Mluleki , Legotlo Onalenna , Malatji Marinkie , Mathabatha Shirley , Phateng Reamogetse , Tshabalala Kenneth Pule , Seima Jaqueline , Berries Mary , Seokamo Tsholofelo 
Published: September 2024

Background: At least six in 10 women use contraception in South Africa. Although there is considerable contraceptive use, there is a need to understand the factors associated with intention to use contraception later among sexually active women who are not using contraception. Women’s intention to use contraception is the best predictor of contraceptive use because it usually translates into actual contraceptive use. This study aimed to investigate the multilevel factors determining intention to use contraception among sexually active women in South Africa.Methods: We used cross‐sectional secondary data from the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS). This study used a sample of 1684 women who were not using contraception at the time of the survey. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multilevel (random effect) logistic regression.Results: Overall, the prevalence of sexually active women’s intention to use contraception was (40.7%, 95% CI: 37.3–44.2) in South Africa. We found that age, marital status, population group, parity, ideal number of children, desire to delay childbearing, exposure to family planning messages/advice, place of residence, and province were associated with intention to use contraception. Moreover, the odds of women’s intention to use contraception were lower among women aged 40–49 years (AOR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.07–0.23), women who had no exposure to family planning messages/advice (AOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52–0.88), and women from the Free State province (AOR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.26–0.95).Conclusion: The results showed that age, population group, parity, ideal number of children, desire to delay childbearing, exposure to family planning messages/advice, and province were key predictors of women’s intention to use contraception. The findings suggest the need for targeted education initiatives about contraception, particularly among older women. There is also a need to involve community leaders and the local media in sexual and reproductive health campaigns.
The Impact of Medical Explainable Artificial Intelligence on Nurses’ Innovation Behaviour: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Authors: Li Xianmiao , Zong Qilin , Cheng Mengting 
Published: September 2024

Aim:This study aims to investigate the influence of medical explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) on the innovation behaviour of nurses, as well as explore the dual‐pathway mediating effect of AI self‐efficacy and AI anxiety and organizational ethical climate as the moderating effect.Background:To address the practical application of medical AI technology, alleviate the scarcity of medical resources and fulfil the medical and health demands of the public, it is crucial to improve the innovation behaviour of nurses through the use of medical XAI.Methods:A cross‐sectional survey was conducted involving 368 Chinese nurses working at tertiary and secondary hospitals in Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province and Shanghai.Results:Implementing medical XAI significantly enhanced the innovation behaviour of nurses. Anxiety and self‐efficacy regarding AI mediated the connection between medical XAI and the innovation behaviour of nurses. Furthermore, the organizational ethical climate positively moderated the relationship between medical XAI and AI self‐efficacy.Conclusion:Medical XAI helps to enhance nurses’ AI self‐efficacy and reduce AI anxiety, thereby enhancing nurses’ innovation behaviour. An organizational ethical climate enhances the positive relationship between medical XAI and AI self‐efficacy.Implications for Nursing Management:Organizations and technology developers must augment the study about XAI and the system design of human‐centred AI technology. The organizations aim to enhance the education and training of nurses in AI, specifically focussing on boosting nurses’ self‐efficacy in utilizing AI technology. Moreover, they want to alleviate nurses’ fear of new technological advancements. Hospital administrators and leaders develop strategies to address the ethical atmosphere inside their organization.