bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological, biochemical, anthropometric, and biomechanical influences on exercise economy in humans
Authors: Lundby C. , Montero D. , Gehrig S. , Andersson Hall U. , Kaiser P. , Boushel R. , Meinild Lundby A.‐K. , Kirk N. , Valdivieso P. , Flück M. , Secher N. H. , Edin F. , Hein T. , Madsen K. 
Published: February 2017

Interindividual variation in running and cycling exercise economy (EE) remains unexplained although studied for more than a century. This study is the first to comprehensively evaluate the importance of biochemical, structural, physiological, anthropometric, and biomechanical influences on running and cycling EE within a single study. In 22 healthy males (VO2max range 45.5‐72.1 mL·min−1·kg−1), no factor related to skeletal muscle structure (% slow‐twitch fiber content, number of capillaries per fiber), mitochondrial properties (volume density, oxidative capacity, or mitochondrial efficiency), or protein content (UCP3 and MFN2 expression) explained variation in cycling and running EE among subjects. In contrast, biomechanical variables related to vertical displacement correlated well with running EE, but were not significant when taking body weight into account. Thus, running EE and body weight were correlated (R2=.94; P<.001), but was lower for cycling EE (R2=.23; P<.023). To separate biomechanical determinants of running EE, we contrasted individual running and cycling EE considering that during cycle ergometer exercise, the biomechanical influence on EE would be small because of the fixed movement pattern. Differences in cycling and running exercise protocols, for example, related to biomechanics, play however only a secondary role in determining EE. There was no evidence for an impact of structural or functional skeletal muscle variables on EE. Body weight was the main determinant of EE explaining 94% of variance in running EE, although more than 50% of the variability of cycling EE remains unexplained.
First description of a D‐CE‐D hybrid gene on a weak D Type 2 molecular background
Authors: Granier Thomas , Chiaroni Jacques , Bailly Pascal , Silvy Monique 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDRhD phenotypes that express a significantly reduced amount of RhD antigen per red blood cell may be mistyped as RhD‐negative by standard serologic methods. The molecular identification of weak D Type 1, 2, or 3 carriers allows managing them as RhD‐positive and, thus, rationalizes the use of RhD‐negative stock units and the administration of Rh‐immunoglobulin prophylaxis, avoiding unnecessary costs and possible side effects.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSOne sample was investigated for confirming a D−C−E+c+e− phenotype. Rh phenotyping was performed with the microplate direct hemagglutination test. DNA array analysis was performed using the BeadChip wRhD kit, and the RHD gene was explored by sequencing to determine the molecular background associated with RhD‐negative phenotype.RESULTSMolecular investigations showed a lack of amplification of Exons 3 through 7 and c.1154G>T transversion in Exon 9, suggesting an RHD‐CE‐D composite on a weak D Type 2 background. We attempted to precisely identify the two recombination sites generating this hybrid allele. The 5′ and 3′ breakpoints were located in Introns 2 and 7, which showed concentration of mobile Alu sequences most likely involved in the RHD‐cE(3‐7)‐weak D Type 2 allele.CONCLUSIONAltogether, we identified the first example of an RHD‐CE‐D large hybrid allele on a weak D Type 2 background associated with an RhD‐negative phenotype. By investigating the RHCE‐D breakpoint zones, we suggest a mobile element‐mediated recombination.
Comparison of 3 options for choosing control limits in biochemistry testing
Authors: Manzocchi Simone , Furman Erika , Freeman Kathleen 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe purpose of statistical quality control (QC) is to provide peace of mind with regard to the production of results that are suitable for analytically sound clinical interpretation and making reliable decisions about patient diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis.ObjectivesIn this study, we compared 3 options for choosing control limits for biochemistry testing. They focus on the probability of error detection (Ped) and probability of false rejection (Pfr) achievable for a veterinary biochemical analyzer using the following 3 combinations: the quality control material (QCM) manufacturer's acceptable ranges; a standard 12s rule customized for the instrument's observed performance; and candidate rules selected for the instrument's observed performance using a computerized program (EZrules).MethodsFor assessing customized QC, we used mean, SD, CV, bias, total error, and sigma metrics calculated from 3 months of control measurements on a laboratory biochemical analyzer, for 24 commonly used analytes, on 2 QCM levels.ResultsGiven the desirable combination of high Ped (> 90%) and low Pfr (≤ 5%), the candidate rules selected by the computerized program‐related EZrules provided the best performance combinations.ConclusionsThe present work shows acceptable QC performance basing the QC on customization of the acceptable ranges of results from the achievable performance of an individual instrument. The QC performance is maximized by the application of candidate rules based on customized ranges obtained from a computerized QC tool, providing the ability to achieve the highest Ped and acceptably low Pfr values.
The Effect of Mobile Portfolio (M-Portfolio) Supported Mastery Learning Model on Students’ Achievement and Their Attitudes towards Using Internet
Authors: Ozdemir Oguzhan , Erdemci Husamettin 
Published: February 2017

The term mobile portfolio refers to creating, evaluating and sharing portfolios in mobile environments. Many of the states that pose an obstacle for portfolio usage are now extinguished through mobile portfolios. The aim in this research is to determine the effect of mobile portfolio supported mastery learning model on students’ success and attitudes towards using internet. The research was carried out in the Academic Year 2014-2015 with students, taking Computer-I course at Primary School Teacher Education and Social Sciences Teaching Departments in Faculty of Education in Siirt University. The Internet Usage Attitudes Scale developed by Tavsancil & Keser (2002), was used to determine student attitudes towards internet usage. The scale was prepared as a five point Likert type scale. An academic achievement test developed by researchers was used to determine achievement of course. The data analysis methods used in this study were average, standard deviation, independent groups t-test and dependent groups t-test. As a result of research, the effect of mobile portfolio supported mastery learning model on students’ academic achievement was found to be positive. Furthermore, use of mobile portfolio among students tested in research, a positive increase was seen in their attitudes towards internet use. As a result of the data analysis, this difference shows no significant difference. According to the findings recommendations have been made.
Perceptions Regarding the Care and Education of Children from Birth to Age Three among Students of Early Childhood Education: Changes between Pre-training and Post-training
Authors: Russo-Zimet Gila , Gilat Itzhak 
Published: February 2017

Many theoreticians focus on understanding the belief system regarding the mind of the learner – The Mind Theory. Olson & Brunner (1996) referred to this belief system as "folk psychology". They named the processes required to promote learners' knowledge and understanding "folk pedagogy". In their opinion, folk pedagogy reflects the learners' folk psychology. In other words, the study of folk psychology has focused on how everyday people—those without formal training in the various academic fields of science—go about attributing mental states. This domain has primarily been centered on intentional states reflective of an individual's beliefs and desires.The present study set up to characterize the folk psychology (contains expressions and summaries of various settings as a way of informally shaping quite general meanings or organizing experience) and the folk pedagogy, which deals with where, when and why people teach or educate one another in various ways for the sake of making out of things (Olson & Bruner, 1996) in early childhood education students with respect to education and care during the first three years of life and examine whether these views change during the course of their formal education.The sample comprised of 379 students of education majoring in early childhood education at three colleges in Israel. Data was gathered by a structured questionnaire examining five domains: the impact of year of life on child development, domains affecting child development, care and educational settings, care and educational methods and the role of caregivers. The findings reveal that the perceived influence of family care centers and daycare centers influence on child development decreases between the beginning and the end of their studies. The perceived effectiveness of coping through awareness increased, while strict coping methods were perceived as less effective after the training.
Tuning Chromosomal Instability to Optimize Tumor Fitness
Authors: Burkard Mark E. , Weaver Beth A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Summary: Low rates of chromosomal instability (CIN) are weakly tumor promoting, whereas high rates of CIN cause cell death and tumor suppression. In this context, Sansregret and colleagues show that one mechanism to restrain excessive CIN in tumor cells and increase fitness is through mutations in the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome. This serves to delay mitotic progression and decrease the rate of chromosome missegregation. Cancer Discov; 7(2); 134–6. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Sansregret et al., p. 218.
Epigenomic Inactivation of RasGAPs Activates RAS Signaling in a Subset of Luminal B Breast Cancers
Authors: Sears Rosalie , Gray Joe W. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Summary: Invasion and metastasis of a subset of aggressive luminal B breast cancers is driven by the concomitant inactivation of the RasGAPs DAB2IP and RASAL2. Inactivation of both proteins increases RAS activity and drives invasion, whereas inactivation of DAB2IP specifically promotes NF-κB–mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Cancer Discov; 7(2); 131–3. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Olsen et al., p. 202.
МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ЗМІНИ В ПЕЧІНЦІ СТАТЕВОЗРІЛИХ САМОК БІЛИХ ЩУРІВ ЗА УМОВ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ХРОНІЧНОГО ТОКСИЧНОГО ГЕПАТИТУ І ЇХ ВПЛИВ НА РЕПРОДУКЦІЮ
Authors: Lymar L. Ye. , Lymar N. A. 
Published: February 2017

Погіршення демографічної ситуації в Україні впродовж минулих десятиліть продовжується. Тому збереження репродуктивного здоров'я нації є пріоритетним завданням охорони здоров'я та розвитку медичної науки нашої країни. Вагомою причиною негативного демографічного показника є високий рівень безпліддя, зокрема ендокринного ґенезу, який складає 15–25 % [1]. Порушення функції репродуктивної системи є актуальною проблемою, оскільки призводить не лише до втрати працездатності, а й до зниження репродукції людини. Значна роль у виникненні ендокринного безпліддя належить не лише генетично детермінованим змінам в організмі жінки, але й супутній патології. У жінок часто спостерігається поєднання порушень функції репродуктивної системи з хронічними гепатитами різного ґенезу. Це спонукало нас до виконання експериментальної роботи для детального вивчення та аналізу вказаної проблеми. В доступних для огляду літературних джерелах ми не знайшли подібних експериментальних досліджень щодо моделювання патологічного процесу та вивчення структурних змін у печінці та органах репродуктивної системи при хронічних гепатитах.Ми змоделювали хронічний токсичний гепатит у статевозрілих самок білих щурів, вивчали результати клінічних, гістологічних досліджень, показники імунного та гормонального статусу, функції печінки у піддослідних тварин, а також їх репродуктивну функцію за умов експериментального токсичного гепатиту. Обстежено 40 статевозрілих самок білих щурів зі змодельованим хронічним токсичним гепатитом (ХТГ). Вивчено клінічні прояви захворювання, стан функції печінки, гормональний статус, морфологічні зміни в печінці цих тварин та їх репродуктивну функцію.
Are the Central Andes Mountains a Warming Hot Spot?
Authors: Russell Alexandria M. , Gnanadesikan Anand , Zaitchik Benjamin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Global climate model simulations project that the tropical Andes Mountains of South America, which are particularly vulnerable to climate change because of a reliance on snow and glacial melt for freshwater resources, will experience enhanced warming in the near future, with both higher rates of warming at higher elevations within the mountain range itself and localized enhancement of warming exceeding surrounding areas of the globe. Yet recent surface temperature changes in the tropical Andes do not show evidence for either elevation-dependent warming or regional enhancement of warming on average. However, it remains a possibility that the expected warming trends in this region have begun to manifest in other ways (e.g., in the free atmosphere or at intermediate mountain elevations). This paper proposes evidence from several reanalysis products that there has indeed been a regional enhancement of midtropospheric warming around the central Andes over the past few decades that makes this region stand out as a hot spot within the broader pantropics. This trend is generally not reproduced by historical AMIP climate model simulations, which suggests that the mechanisms through which the atmosphere is warming over the central Andes are not adequately captured by climate models. Possible explanations for localized enhancement of warming in this region are considered. On the other hand, reanalysis products do not consistently exhibit enhanced warming at intermediate mountain elevations in the central Andes as evidenced by the generally moderate rates of change in the freezing-level height, except perhaps in the highest-resolution reanalysis product.
Impact of the Summer Monsoon Westerlies on the South China Sea Tropical Cyclone Genesis in May
Authors: Chen Tsing-Chang , Tsay Jenq-Dar , Matsumoto Jun , Alpert Jordan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
After the onset of the Southeast Asian summer monsoon in mid-May, the South China Sea (SCS) trough is deepened by the intensified monsoon westerlies to facilitate the development of a synoptic cyclonic shear flow. This shear flow forms an environment favorable for the SCS tropical storm (TS)/typhoon (TY) genesis triggered by the surge of this monsoon circulation. This genesis mechanism has not been well documented. Seventeen named SCS TS/TY geneses in May over 1979–2016 occurred under the following environmental conditions/processes: 1) with its maximum located south of 15°N, the intensified monsoon westerlies are extended eastward beyond 120°E, 2) the synoptic SCS cyclonic shear flow is developed by the tropical easterlies fed by a northeast Asian cold surge (or a North Pacific cold-air outbreak) and the intensified monsoon westerlies, and 3) SCS TS/TY genesis is triggered by the surge of monsoon flow. The accuracy of the monthly mean forecasts is limited. However, it is found that SCS TS/TY genesis only occurs after the existence of persistent, strong, monsoon westerlies lasting for at least 5 days. Forecasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System (2004–16) and the Global Ensemble Forecast System (1985–2003) cover these 15 SCS TS/TY geneses. The requirements for SCS TS/TY genesis in May described above are met by the 5-day-mean Southeast Asian summer monsoon circulation. Based on a statistical analysis of 5-day forecasts for these TS/TY geneses, a four-step forecast advisory is introduced. The forecasts for SCS TS/TY genesis can be made 3 days prior to occurrence.
Academics and practitioners: the challenge of collaboration an example from social work and social services in Israel
Authors: Lahat Lihi 
Published: February 2017

Although the need to integrate research into the practice world has always been a desire of researchers and practitioners alike, recently there has been growing interest in this collaboration. While studies have explored various aspects of this connection, few have investigated the ‘black box’ of social relations between academics and practitioners. Based on a qualitative study, the current article examines how practitioners and academics perceive this connection. Using Foucault’s perspective and the causes typology of Stone, the findings reveal three meta themes: the descriptive, emotional and functional stories, and identify more nuanced features of the connection between academics and practitioners. Points for practitioners Managers should be aware that the connection between academics and practitioners involves functional, descriptive and emotional perceptions. Managers can diminish the relationship between power and knowledge by promoting formal mechanisms that acknowledge the common interests of academics and practitioners. Boundary spanners can be used to create more equal and productive relationships.
“Anglo” and Spanish-Speaking Americans: Contrasts and Similarities
Authors: Saunders Lyle 
Published: February 2017

To some extent people behave as they do because they are members of groups. Some of us speak Spanish before we speak English; this happens because some of us are born into families and larger groups that use Spanish for communication and then, as we grow and move beyond our home and neighborhood, we find that our Spanish-speaking friends and relatives are part of a larger group that talks and writes in English. And so we learn English too. Most of us regard a nice, thick, juicy steak, as one of the finest foods we can think of; millions upon millions of the people of India would be horrified at the thought of eating beef. We Christians characteristically sing in our religious ceremonies; other peoples dance or slaughter animals. In our medicine we make diagnoses by examining the sick person; some other peoples make diagnoses by rolling out stones to see the patterns into which they fall or by examining the entrails of a bird. In this paper our task is to consider two large, poorly defined, intermingled populations — Anglos (people of English-speaking background) and Spanish-speakers in the American Southwest — and to ask what behaviors, if any, result from membership in or identification with one of these populations or another. Phrased another way, the question is, What does it mean to be an Anglo or a Spanish-speaking American? What does it mean for the way one regards himself and other people? For the way one goes about solving the innumerable problems of living? For the attitudes and the values that one develops and lives by?
Does Length of Relationship or Gender Predict Response to Behavioral Diabetes Intervention?
Authors: Sandberg Jonathan , Yorgason Jeremy B. , Fisher Lawrence , Weinstock Ruth S. , Hessler Danielle , Dimmock Jacqueline , Trief Paula M. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose The purpose of the study was to determine, through secondary analysis, whether the length of a couple’s relationship and the participants’ gender are associated with glycemic response to a type 2 diabetes (T2D) behavioral couples-based intervention. Methods A randomized trial was conducted to test the impact of a couples-level, telephone-based behavioral intervention on hemoglobin A1C in patients with T2D. One hundred and four patients and partners participated in the couples intervention arm, and 94 individuals participated in the individual arm. A1C levels were measured at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Results Results of the regression analysis showed that for men with T2D (n = 35) in the couples intervention group, longer length of relationship was associated with lower A1C at 1-year follow-up, after controlling for baseline A1C, diabetes duration, and income. Length of relationship was not significantly related to follow-up glycemic measures for women or men with T2D in the individual intervention. Conclusions Study findings suggests that for men with T2D in a couples-based intervention, those in longer relationships may be more likely to benefit from the intervention. More research is needed to better understand factors that contribute to successful couples-based behavioral approaches to help adults with T2D improve their glycemic control.
Vision and hearing impairment and occupational therapy education: Needs and current practice
Authors: Wittich Walter , Jarry Jonathan , Barstow Elizabeth , Thomas Aliki 
Published: February 2017

Introduction It is unclear what sensory impairment screening content should be included in the core-educational process for occupational therapists. The purpose of this study was to identify what content is currently being taught with regard to screening for vision and hearing loss, and to gather recommendations from specialists in this field of practice in order to formulate recommendations to improve professional entry-level occupational therapy curriculum content. Method Using a mixed-methods design, the two-phase study investigated the perceptions of five curriculum chairs, as well as 10 occupational therapists specializing in sensory rehabilitation. Results Curriculum chairs reported minimal course content with regard to training in the sensory domain, a dearth that was corroborated by specialists working with individuals affected by sensory loss. While vision-related topics were well covered, hearing-related information was sparser, and dual sensory impairment was mostly absent. Conclusion Occupational therapists are well positioned to play an essential role with the population living with sensory loss. However, most clinicians are not adequately prepared to practice with this clientele, and most expertise is gained after graduation. There is a need for stakeholders to discuss the minimal acceptable curriculum content needed to ensure that graduates are prepared to work in this growing area
CGRP receptor antagonist activity of olcegepant depends on the signalling pathway measured
Authors: Walker Christopher S , Raddant Ann C , Woolley Michael J , Russo Andrew F , Hay Debbie L 
Published: February 2017

Background Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide that acts in the trigeminovascular system and is believed to play an important role in migraine. CGRP activates two receptors that are both present in the trigeminovascular system; the CGRP receptor and the amylin 1 (AMY1) receptor. CGRP receptor antagonists, including olcegepant (BIBN4096BS) and telcagepant (MK-0974), can treat migraine. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of these antagonists at blocking CGRP receptor signalling in trigeminal ganglia (TG) neurons and transfected CGRP and AMY1 receptors in Cos7 cells, to better understand their mechanism of action. Methods CGRP stimulation of four intracellular signalling molecules relevant to pain (cAMP, CREB, p38 and ERK) were examined in rat TG neurons and compared to transfected CGRP and AMY1 receptors in Cos7 cells. Results In TG neurons, olcegepant displayed signal-specific differences in antagonism of CGRP responses. This effect was also evident in transfected Cos7 cells, where olcegepant blocked CREB phosphorylation more potently than expected at the AMY1 receptor, suggesting that the affinity of this antagonist can be dependent on the signalling pathway activated. Conclusions CGRP receptor antagonist activity appears to be assay-dependent. Thus, these molecules may not be as selective for the CGRP receptor as commonly reported.