bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MD‐Logic overnight type 1 diabetes control in home settings: A multicentre, multinational, single blind randomized trial
Authors: Nimri Revital , Bratina Natasa , Kordonouri Olga , Avbelj Stefanija Magdalena , Fath Maryam , Biester Torben , Muller Ido , Atlas Eran , Miller Shahar , Fogel Aviel , Phillip Moshe , Danne Thomas , Battelino Tadej 
Published: December 2016

AimsTo evaluate the safety, efficacy and need for remote monitoring of the MD‐Logic closed‐loop system during short‐term overnight use at home.MethodsSeventy‐five patients (38 male; aged 10‐54 years; average A1c, 7.8% ± 0.7%, 61.8 ± 7.2 mmol/mol) were enrolled from 3 clinical sites. Patients were randomly assigned to participate in 2 overnight crossover periods, each including 4 consecutive nights, 1 under closed‐loop control and 1 under sensor‐augmented pump (SAP) therapy in the patient's home. Both study arms were supervised using a remote‐monitoring system in a blinded manner. Primary endpoints were time spent with glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and percentage of nights in which mean overnight glucose levels were within 90 to 140 mg/dL.ResultsThe median [interquartile range] percentage of time spent in hypoglycaemia was significantly lower on nights when MD‐Logic was used, compared to SAP therapy (2.07 [0, 4.78] and 2.6 [0, 10.34], respectively; P = .004) and the percentage of individual nights with a mean overnight glucose level in target was significantly greater (75 [42, 75] and 50 [25,75], respectively; P = .008). The time spent in target range was increased by a median of 28% (P = .001), with the same amount of insulin (10.69 [7.28, 13.94] and 10.41[6.9, 14.07], respectively; P = .087). The remote monitoring triggered calls for hypoglycaemia at twice the rate during SAP therapy compared to closed‐loop control (62 and 29, respectively; P = .002).ConclusionsThe MD‐Logic system demonstrated a safe and efficient profile during overnight use by children, adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes and, therefore, provides an effective means of mitigating the risk of nocturnal hypoglycaemia.
Immigration policy index
Authors: Vikhrov Dmytro 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe immigration policy index is based on three types of entry visa restrictions: visa required, visa not required for short stays and visa not required. I identify country pairs which changed their visa regime during 2000–2010 and find that the weakening of visa policy is associated with a 10 percent increase in migrant stocks and a significant shift towards male and less skilled migration from policy affected source countries. In contrast, the tightening of visa policy is not related to a significant change in migrant stocks, their gender or skill composition. The result suggests the existence of immigration policy hysteresis.
Discourse, Justification, and Education: Jürgen Habermas on Moral Epistemology and Dialogical Conditions of Moral Justification and Rightness
Authors: Okshevsky Walter C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this essay Walter Okshevsky addresses the question of whether a certain form of dialogically derived agreement can function as an epistemic (universal and necessary) criterion of moral judgment and ground of moral authority. Okshevsky examines arguments for and against in the literature of educational philosophy and develops Jürgen Habermas's affirmative answer as presented in his discourse theory of morality. Habermas's position is articulated as a moral epistemology (“strong dialogicality”) and is developed through his critique of the “monologism” of certain aspects of Immanuel Kant's moral theory. Okshevsky concludes with a consideration of some educational implications of Habermas's position.
Education, Justice, and Discursive Agency: Toward an Educationally Responsive Discourse Ethics
Authors: Martin Christopher 
Published: December 2016

AbstractJürgen Habermas argues that principles of justice should be decided through rational agreement as opposed to force or coercion. Christopher Martin argues in this essay that the success of such a project presupposes sufficiently developed capacities for discursive agency equally distributed within a diverse public sphere. This epistemic presupposition is not explicitly recognized in Habermas's current formulation of his theory and as such the theory implicitly excludes the interest that future citizens have in the development of their own capacities for competent deliberative engagement. Martin argues that this omission is serious enough that Habermas's principle of universalization (U) should be modified, and he articulates this modification in terms of a prohibition against “developmental coercion.” Martin concludes by elaborating on the concept of developmental coercion, and he points to the implications of this addition to discourse ethics for the institutionalization of deliberative democracy.
Social Justice and Education as Discursive Initiation
Authors: Stojanov Krassimir 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this essay Krassimir Stojanov attempts first to reconstruct the “heart” of Jürgen Habermas's discourse ethics, namely the so‐called “principle of universalization” of ethical norms. This principle grounds Habermas's proceduralist account of social justice via equal access of all concerned to the practices of deliberative validation of norms. Stojanov claims with regard to this account that it could only be implemented if the social actors are involved in a process of education as discursive initiation. After using R. S. Peters's educational theory to distinguish discursive initiation from a traditionalist understanding of educative initiation, he discusses some central social prerequisites for the development of discursive skills in growing individuals; to identify these prerequisites, he draws on Axel Honneth's conception of the intersubjective origins of individuals' development of rational autonomy. In the final part of the essay, Stojanov briefly explores some implications of his elaborated account of discursive initiation and its social preconditions for schooling and pedagogy.
Cued memory reconsolidation in rats requires nitric oxide
Authors: Bal Natalia V. , Rysakova Mariia P. , Vinarskaya Alia Kh. , Ivanova Violetta , Zuzina Alena B. , Balaban Pavel M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIt is well‐known that the reactivation of consolidated fear memory under boundary conditions of novelty and protein synthesis blockade results in an impairment of memory, suggesting that the reactivated memory is destabilized and requires synthesis of new proteins for reconsolidation. We tested the hypothesis of nitric oxide (NO) involvement in memory destabilization during the reconsolidation process in rats using memory reactivation under different conditions. We report that administration of NO‐synthase selective blockers 3‐Br‐7‐NI or ARL in the conditions of reactivation of memory under a protein synthesis blockade prevented destabilization of fear memory to the conditioned stimulus. Obtained results support the role of NO signaling pathway in the destabilization of existing fear memory triggered by reactivation, and demonstrate that the disruption of this pathway during memory reconsolidation may prevent changes in long‐term memory.
First record of intersex in neotenic reproductives of the termite Cryptotermes brevis (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)
Authors: Laranjo Lara Teixeira , Costa‐Leonardo Ana Maria 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDrywood termites of the family Kalotermitidae present a very flexible developmental pattern, in which pseudergates are totipotent and may become reproductives. In this study, three colonies of Cryptotermes brevis headed by neotenic reproductives were used: (i) colony A, with a primary king and a neotenic queen; (ii) colony B, with a primary queen and a neotenic king; and (iii) colony C, with neotenic king and queen. The primary king from colony A and the neotenic king from colony B presented well‐developed reproductive systems, with conspicuous testicular lobes and cysts containing spermatozoa also observed in the seminal vesicles. The neotenic queen of colony A and the primary queen of colony B had ovaries with several oocytes in early developmental stages with some of them already vitellogenic and terminal, which suggests egg‐laying activity. Both of these queens presented the spermathecae lumen filled with spermatozoa. The queen of colony C had vitellogenic oocytes; however, the oocytes were not terminal and the lumen of spermathecae was devoid of spermatozoa and secretions. The seminal vesicles of colony C neotenic king have no spermatozoa. This king displayed a previtellogenic oocyte among its testicular lobes, which suggested that this individual was an intersex.
FOUCAULT'S ICONIC AFTERLIFE: THE POSTHUMOUS REACH OF WORDS AND THINGS
Authors: PARTNER NANCY 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe lasting influence of Michel Foucault's work is both instantly recognizable in that his very name can be invoked as a noun or adjective (“Foucauldian”), as a critical stance or attitude without further elaboration, and yet his signature concepts have been flattened, stretched, exaggerated, and thinned as they have been applied by his most enthusiastic followers. Although Foucault has entered the canon of philosophers, he also became iconic, most notably with the typographic icon, power/knowledge, a (possibly unwanted) achievement of recognition and compression virtually unknown to other philosophers. In this essay, I consider the Foucault of the philosophical canon, and I trace some of the main routes of the iconic Foucault into acceptance or nonacceptance by the academic disciplines, notably history and anthropology, and numerous other unexpected venues where variants of Foucault's ideas have found surprising homes. I also contemplate the meaning of the status of “iconicity” as it has been analyzed by sociologists, and the possibility that iconic misreadings of Foucault's concepts have been extraordinarily “good to think with” by his critics.
THE POLITICS OF THE ORDER OF THINGS: FOUCAULT, SARTRE, AND DELEUZE
Authors: GUTTING GARY 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTFoucault's histories are typically aimed at what he regarded as intolerable political consequences of knowledge‐based disciplines such as psychiatry and medicine. But The Order of Things is hard to fit into this pattern. What are the intolerable political consequences of the metaphysical and epistemological “humanism” the book attacks? To answer this question, I discuss Foucault's attitude toward Sartre and Deleuze, neither mentioned in The Order of Things but both of central importance for understanding its political significance. My conclusion is that the book fails as a political critique of Sartre (and political humanism in general) and instead expresses Foucault's personal ethical preference for Deleuzian limit experiences.
Prevalence and nature of fungi in root canal infections: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Persoon I. F. , Crielaard W. , Özok A. R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe role of bacteria in causing apical periodontitis has been widely established, whilst the role of other microorganisms is studied less thoroughly. This systematic review and meta‐analysis reviewed the literature for the prevalence and diversity of fungi in root canal infections. An extensive literature search was carried out in the Cochrane databases, EMBASE, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO and Web of Science. Additional studies were identified from six endodontic journals, four main endodontic textbooks and references of relevant papers. Selected clinical studies included sampling of necrotic pulps in permanent teeth and microbial analysis of these samples. Studies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Checklist. Meta‐analysis was performed using MetaXL. The screening of 1041 titles and abstracts and full‐text reading yielded 54 studies. The overall prevalence of fungi in root canal infections was 7.5% (CI 95%: 3.6–11.8%) in the inverse variance fixed effect heterogeneity model. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species. Significant heterogeneity was observed (P < 0.001, I2 = 85.04%). Subgroup analyses based on geographical location, period of publication, type of infection, state of general health, communication with the oral cavity, type of sample and identification method revealed no factor influencing the prevalence. Better standardized techniques and a comprehensive analysis will reveal a more detailed and accurate representation of the prevalence and nature of fungi in root canal infections.
Effect of simulated pulpal blood flow rate on the rise in pulp chamber temperature during direct fabrication of exothermic provisional restorations
Authors: Farah R. I. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate ex vivo the effect of several simulated pulpal blood flow rates on the change in pulp chamber temperature during direct fabrication of a provisional restoration using a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin.MethodologyFifteen noncarious human premolars were prepared for complete coverage restorations. A curved needle connected to a peristaltic pump simulated the pulp blood flow. Two K‐type thermocouples connected to a digital thermometer were placed in the pulp chamber, and the assembly was placed in an incubator at 37 °C. Three provisional crowns were made for each specimen using no water flow (group 1), a 1‐mL min−1 flow rate (group 2) and a 0.5‐mL/min−1 flow rate (group 3). The pulp chamber temperature was recorded continuously during polymerization until the temperature increase peaked and started to decrease and reached the baseline temperature (37 °C). The temperature increase was measured for the three water flow conditions. Data were analysed statistically using descriptive statistics, repeated measures one‐way analysis of variance (anova) with Greenhouse–Geisser correction and Bonferroni tests. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsAll of the groups were associated with an increased pulp chamber temperature. Groups with flow rates at 1 and 0.5 mL min−1 had a significantly lower temperature rise when compared to the group without water flow (P < 0.001).ConclusionsDirect fabrication of provisional restorations can cause a critical increase in pulp chamber temperature. However, in the presence of simulated pulpal blood flow rates of 1 or 0.5 mL min−1, the increase in pulp chamber temperature did not exceed the critical threshold (5.6 °C).
Evaluation of the Ca ion release, pH and surface apatite formation of a prototype tricalcium silicate cement
Authors: Yamamoto S. , Han L. , Noiri Y. , Okiji T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the Ca2+‐releasing, alkalizing and apatite‐like surface precipitate‐forming abilities of a prototype tricalcium silicate cement, which was mainly composed of synthetically prepared tricalcium silicate and zirconium oxide radiopacifier.MethodologyThe prototype tricalcium silicate cement, white ProRoot MTA (WMTA) and TheraCal LC (a light‐cured resin‐modified calcium silicate‐filled material) were examined. The chemical compositions were analysed with a wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy electron probe microanalyser with an image observation function (SEM‐EPMA). The pH and Ca2+ concentrations of water in which the set materials had been immersed were measured, and the latter was assessed with the EDTA titration method. The surface precipitates formed on the materials immersed in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) were analysed with SEM‐EPMA and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Kruskal–Wallis tests followed by Mann–Whitney U‐test with Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05).ResultsThe prototype cement contained Ca, Si and Zr as major elemental constituents, whereas it did not contain some metal elements that were detected in the other materials. The Ca2+ concentrations and pH of the immersion water samples exhibited the following order: WMTA = prototype cement > TheraCal LC (P < 0.05). All three materials produced Ca‐ and P‐containing surface precipitates after PBS immersion, and the precipitates produced by TheraCal LC displayed lower Ca/P ratios than those formed by the other materials. XRD peaks corresponding to hydroxyapatite were detected in the precipitates produced by the prototype cement and WMTA.ConclusionThe prototype tricalcium silicate cement exhibited similar Ca2+‐releasing, alkalizing and apatite‐like precipitate‐forming abilities to WMTA. The Ca2+‐releasing, alkalizing and apatite‐like precipitate‐forming abilities of TheraCal LC were lower than those of the other materials.
Fabrication and application of hollow ZnO nanospheres in antimicrobial casein‐based coatings
Authors: Liu Junli , Hui Aiping , Ma Jianzhong , Chen Zhuping , Peng Yi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractZnO hollow nanospheres with porous shells were prepared successfully via a simple hard‐template method and a calcination process. Then the obtained ZnO hollow nanospheres were encapsulated with mildew‐proof agent and modified by polydopamine. At last,antimicrobial casein‐based coatings were obtained by mixing the drug‐loaded ZnO and casein latex. Antimicrobial testing results revealed casein‐based hollow ZnO/mildew‐proof agent nanocomposite films displayed the better antimicrobial activities, and it still has antimicrobial properties after 1 year.
Comparison of abnormal cell flagging of the hematology analyzers Sysmex XN and Sysmex XE‐5000 in oncohematologic patients
Authors: Furundarena J. R. , Sainz M. , Uranga A. , Cuevas L. , Lopez I. , Zubicaray J. , Bizjak A. , Robado N. , Araiz M. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIntroductionHematology analyzers should optimize flagging while minimizing false‐negative results and unnecessary microscopic reviews.MethodsWe compared flagging performance of Sysmex XE‐5000 and XN analyzers in oncohematologic patients. Differential counts were performed by Cellavision digital system (100 cells) and a hematologist (another 100 cells).ResultsFirst, we included 292 samples (86 with blasts): 28 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 88 acute myeloid leukemia, 91 myelodysplastic syndromes, 45 chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, and 40 chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Sensitivity, specificity and efficiency to detect blasts were 59.3%, 88.3%, and 79.8% for XE‐5000 analyzer and 70.9%, 91.3%, and 85.2% for the XN analyzer. Then, we included 111 lymphoid malignancies. In 55 CLL XE‐5000 flagged for Abn Lympho/L_Blasts?, XN flagged for Abn Lympho?. In one‐third of 19 samples with splenic marginal lymphoma, none of the analyzers flagged. In 5 Sézary syndrome cases, XE‐5000 triggered the Abn Lympho/L_Blasts? flag while the flagging in XN was less consistent: Abn Lympho? Blasts? and Atypical Lympho?. In 5 hairy cell leukemias, both analyzers only flagged one sample. In 13 myelomas, XE‐5000 generated Atypical Lympho? flag; XN triggered more variable flags. In other lymphoid malignancies, flags were variable. XN analyzer generates less samples with false basophilia.ConclusionXN analyzer has improved blast detection in oncohematologic patients. Operators cannot rely on the blast flag alone but have to consider other flags and hemogram data. In lymphoproliferative disorders, XN analyzer yields less samples with pseudobasophilia. Both analyzers must improve flagging for hairy cell leukemia.
Frequencies and phenotypic consequences of association of α‐ and β‐thalassemia alleles with sickle‐cell disease in Bahrain
Authors: Abuamer S. , Shome D. K. , Jaradat A. , Radhi A. , Bapat J. P. , Sharif K. A. , Al‐Touq J. , Al‐Asheeri A. , Al‐Ajami A. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIntroductionBahrain has high prevalence rates of sickle cell and thalassemia in the population. This study reports the frequencies and phenotypic characteristics of α‐ and/or β‐thalassemia associated with sickle‐cell disease (SCD) in a tertiary care hospital.MethodsAdult SCD patients (n = 200) were screened for the common α‐ and β‐thalassemia alleles prevalent in the region using molecular techniques. Results of CBC, hemoglobin analysis, and average annual frequencies of severe pain episodes and numbers of transfused red cell units were documented.ResultsPatients were grouped on the basis of molecular studies as sickle‐cell anemia (SS, n = 131), SS/α‐thalassemia with three normal genes (n = 27), SS/α‐thalassemia with two normal genes (n = 11), sickle–β‐thalassemia (Sβ, n = 23), and Sβ with co‐inherited α‐thalassemia (n = 8). Identified α‐thalassemia determinants were −α3.7 (n = 52), −α4.2 (n = 4), αT‐Saudiα (n = 1), and αHphα (n = 1). All β‐thalassemia alleles were β0 defects. Sickle–thalassemia association resulted in higher hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte counts with reduced MCV and reticulocytes. Significant clinical associations were as follows: increased severe pain frequency with α‐thalassemia (three‐gene group); red cell transfusion with β‐thalassemia alleles and female gender.ConclusionOne‐third of patients with SCD co‐inherited α‐ and/or β‐thalassemia alleles and these associations explained some of the observed phenotypic variability. A low prevalence of nondeletion α‐thalassemia alleles was observed in these patients. The most significant disease amelioration occurred in SCD associated with two α‐thalassemia alleles.
Diagnosis of common hemoglobinopathies among South East Asian population using capillary isoelectric focusing system
Authors: Srivorakun H. , Fucharoen G. , Sanchaisuriya K. , Fucharoen S. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIntroductionWe have evaluated an automated capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF)‐based Hb analyzer in diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies commonly found among South East Asian population.MethodsStudy was performed on a cohort of 665 adult Thai subjects and 13 fetal blood specimens obtained at routine thalassemia diagnostic laboratory. Hb analysis was performed using the cIEF system. Thalassemia genotypes were defined by DNA analysis.ResultsThe system revealed satisfactorily within‐run and between‐run precision for quantitation of Hb A2 and Hb E (CV: 0.02–0.09%). The reference ranges of Hb A2 and Hb E were 2.6–4.0% and 25.7–33.1%, respectively. The system identified the cases of β‐thalassemia and Hb E disorders correctly. Several thalassemia genotypes and Hb variants were identifiable. However, Hb Constant Spring was separated closely to Hb A2 and Hbs Bart's and H were relatively difficult to be reported due to interfering peaks separating at the same regions. Prenatal diagnosis by fetal blood analysis was found to be accurate for Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis and Hb E‐β0‐thalassemia disease.ConclusionsThe cIEF system could accurately diagnose β‐thalassemia and Hb E carriers and demonstrate many Hb variants found in the region. The system cannot report Hb A2 in the presence of Hb E whereas Hbs Lepore and F are comigrated. Diagnosis of α‐thalassemia disease based on Hb H and Hb Bart's might be difficult.