bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA and RNA vaccines against tuberculosis: a scoping review of human and animal studies
Authors: Kazakova Alisa , Zhelnov Pavel , Sidorov Roman , Rogova Anna , Vasileva Olga , Ivanov Roman , Reshetnikov Vasiliy , Muslimov Albert 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionTo comprehensively identify and provide an overview of in vivo or clinical studies of nucleic acids (NA)-based vaccines against TB we included human or animal studies of NA vaccines for the prevention or treatment of TB and excluded in vitro or in silico research, studies of microorganisms other than M. tuberculosis, reviews, letters, and low-yield reports.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, selected Web of Science and ProQuest databases, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY.RU, PROSPERO, OSF Registries, Cochrane CENTRAL, EU Clinical Trials Register, clinicaltrials.gov, and others through WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal, AVMA and CABI databases, bioRxiv, medRxiv, and others through OSF Preprint Archive Search. We searched the same sources and Google for vaccine names (GX-70) and scanned reviews for references. Data on antigenic composition, delivery systems, adjuvants, and vaccine efficacy were charted and summarized descriptively.ResultsA total of 18,157 records were identified, of which 968 were assessed for eligibility. No clinical studies were identified. 365 reports of 345 animal studies were included in the review. 342 (99.1%) studies involved DNA vaccines, and the remaining three focused on mRNA vaccines. 285 (82.6%) studies used single-antigen vaccines, while 48 (13.9%) used multiple antigens or combinations with adjuvants. Only 12 (3.5%) studies involved multiepitope vaccines. The most frequently used antigens were immunodominant secretory antigens (Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT6), heat shock proteins, and cell wall proteins. Most studies delivered naked plasmid DNA intramuscularly without additional adjuvants. Only 4 of 17 studies comparing NA vaccines to BCG after M. tuberculosis challenge demonstrated superior protection in terms of bacterial load reduction. Some vaccine variants showed better efficacy compared to BCG.Systematic review registrationhttps://osf.io/, identifier F7P9G.
Successful management of belimumab after obinutuzumab in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report with an 18-month follow-up
Authors: Pu Xiuxiu , Ye Qiao , Zhu Lin , Yan Tingting 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease, and despite the availability of multiple treatments, striking a balance between long-term efficacy and side effects remains a major clinical challenge. B-cell–directed therapy has attracted much attention because of its unique mechanism of action. Belimumab and obinutuzumab, as representative drugs for B-cell–directed therapy, have shown their respective advantages for SLE treatment. However, data on combination therapy with obinutuzumab and belimumab are currently unavailable.Case presentationWe present the severe case report of a patient who was diagnosed with lupus nephritis (LN) with gastrointestinal involvement and developed acute renal failure. The patient responded to the first dose of obinutuzumab but failed to achieve a complete response to LN. The repeated use of obinutuzumab was limited by persistently low IgG levels and frequent infections. This is a real-world challenge that must be addressed. Therefore, the patient was subsequently treated with a novel sequential regimen of obinutuzumab followed by belimumab. After 18 months of follow-up, the patient achieved a complete clinical response with a favourable safety profile, along with the conversion of all autoantibodies from positive to negative and sustained negativity. To date, the patient has achieved a dual clinical and serological response.ConclusionThere is a reason to believe that this novel combination regimen could be developed as a therapeutic strategy, with the expectation of balancing efficacy and safety.
A narrative review on problems in product quality, regulatory system constraints, and the concept of quality by design as a solution for quality assurance of African medicines
Authors: Hassen Hassen Kebede , Mekasha Yesuneh Tefera , Tegegne Addisu Afrassa , Ozalp Yildiz 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe provision of medicines with confirmed quality and efficacy is critical for maintaining the public health and building confidence in the healthcare systems. However, the presence of poor-quality medicines still presents a significant challenge in the pharmaceutical landscape across the African regions. This is further exacerbated by the lack of consistency or discrepancy in the current regulatory framework. As a consequence, given the current constraints, a robust regulatory structure that can guarantee the supply chains attainment of the intended medicinal product requirements are required.ObjectiveThe review aimed to provide a detailed analysis of the quality issues in the pharmaceutical supply in Africa, highlighting the challenges and proposing potential solutions for its mitigation.MethodsThe review was conducted from May 2023 to April 2024. This narrative review examined poor-quality medicines, regulatory challenges, and mitigation strategies in the African pharmaceutical industry. The review utilized databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. The search strategy was customized to include open-access articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals in English and focused exclusively on studies conducted in African countries.ResultsThe review portrays the prevalence of poor-quality medicinal products in various regions of Africa. Among various categories of findings, 42% of the reports on poor-quality medicinal products come from the African region, as per the WHO report. Furthermore, separate findings on substandard medicinal products from many African countries were encountered. The presence of problems in the regulatory system, such as the absence of any pharmacopeia belonging to any African country and variation/inconsistency in each country’s regulatory set-up, was indicated. Other factors for the inability to enforce regulatory law, such as insufficient skilled and committed human resources, the presence of corruption, as well as financial resource scarcity, were revealed in the review. From the situational analysis, the possibility of building a robust quality assurance system in the near future through a quality by design approach under existing resource limitations was discussed.ConclusionThe pharmaceutical sector in Africa faces significant challenges, including the prevalence of poor-quality medicines and weak regulatory enforcement. Tackling these challenges are vital for enhancing health outcomes throughout the continent through the provision of high-quality medicines. Trending toward quality by design in the quality assurance system under prevailing financial scarcity can be very beneficial.
Electroacupuncture ameliorates depression-like behaviors in rats with post-stroke depression by inhibiting ferroptosis in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Gao Jing , Song Xiaolei , Feng Yixuan , Wu Lihua , Ding Zhimin , Qi Shikui , Yu Mingyue , Wu Ruonan , Zheng Xinyue , Qin Yanyan , Tang Yuchuang , Wang Mengyu , Feng Xiaodong , Zhang Qiongshuai 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionPost-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common complication following a stroke, significantly hindering recovery and rehabilitation in affected patients. Despite its prevalence, the pathogenesis of PSD remains poorly understood. Electroacupuncture (EA) has shown antidepressant effects, yet its neuroprotective properties are not well defined. Ferroptosis, a recently identified form of cell death, is implicated in the pathological processes of stroke and is associated with the development of depression-like behaviors. So we aimed to investigate whether PSD induces ferroptosis, identify potential therapeutic targets within these pathways, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms in this study.MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle carotid artery occlusion and chronic unpredictable mild stress to model PSD. To explore the role of ferroptosis in the effects of EA, the ferroptosis inducer erastin was administered into the rats’ lateral ventricles, followed by 14 days of EA treatment, with sessions lasting 30 minutes per day. The Zea-Longa score was used to assess neurological deficits, while the sucrose preference test, elevated plus maze test, and open-field test were employed to evaluate depression-like behaviors in the rats. Hematoxylin-eosin, Nissl, and Perl’s staining were used to observe the morphological changes and iron deposition in the prefrontal neurons. Transmission electron microscopy provided detailed observations of mitochondrial morphological changes in neurons. We utilized activity assay kits, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blotting to explore potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of EA.ResultsEA can reduce neurological deficits and enhance the spontaneous activity and exploration behavior of rats. In addition, EA could inhibit prefrontal cortex neuronal ferroptosis by reducing iron deposition, decreasing lipid peroxidation, and enhancing antioxidation.DiscussionEA improved depression-like behaviors, mitigated mitochondrial damage, and inhibited ferroptosis in prefrontal cortex neurons. Notably, the administration of erastin further enhanced these effects. In conclusion, EA appears to improve PSD by inhibiting ferroptosis in the prefrontal cortex.
Association between dietary intake of flavonoids and chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhou Haibin , Xi Yang , Gao Sizhe , Zhou Yan 
Published: October 2024

AimThe purpose of this study was to explore the association between flavonoids intake and chronic low back pain (CLBP).MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary flavonoids intake was assessed using a two-day recall questionnaire on dietary intake. CLBP was defined based of self-reported question. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the relationship between flavonoids intake and CLBP. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, sedentary behavior time, arthritis, depression, and sleep disorder.ResultsA total of 3,136 adults were included, and 460 participants developed CLBP. After adjusting confounders, compared with the lowest total flavonoids intake tertile (reference group), flavonoids intake with highest tertile (&gt;170 mg) was associated with reduced odds of CLBP [odds ratio (OR) =0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.95]. This relationship of flavonoids intake with CLBP remained statistically significant among participants aged ≥45 years (OR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.35–0.76), with sedentary behavior time of &gt;3 h (OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.41–0.86), with arthritis (OR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.29–0.90), depression (OR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.24–0.98), and sleep disorder (OR = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.12–0.60).ConclusionHigher flavonoids intake was found to be negatively associated with the likelihood of CLBP. For the general adult population, consuming foods rich in flavonoids may be linked to a reduced risk of CLBP.
Lipid accumulation product, poverty income ratio, and bone mineral density in U.S. adults: a mediation analysis based on NHANES (2009–2020)
Authors: Chen Zihao , Ye Haobo , Li Enli , Lin Yuzhe , Jin Chen , Yang Lei 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the relationship between the lipid accumulation product (LAP) index and total femur bone mineral density (BMD), while also examining the mediating role of the poverty-income ratio (PIR).MethodsUsing the most recent data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2009 to 2020, multivariate logistic regression models were employed in this study to investigate the relationship between the LAP index and total femur BMD. Saturation effects and potential non-linear associations were examined using a smooth curve-fitting approach to determine saturation levels. Interaction tests and subgroup analyses were also performed. Additionally, a mediation analysis was conducted to explore the mediating role of PIR.ResultsThree thousand two hundred and twenty three participants aged 20 years or older were recruited for this study. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a greater total femur BMD in individuals with a high LAP index. Additionally, analysis of the saturation effect and smooth curve fitting identified a clear saturation effect between the LAP index and total femur BMD. A saturation value of 16.05 was determined when investigating the relationship between the LAP index and total femur BMD. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant interaction effects after adjusting for covariates. Moreover, mediation analysis indicated that the LAP index had a substantial direct effect on total femur BMD (p &lt; 0.0001), with PIR partially mediating this relationship (1.115%, p = 0.0280).ConclusionThe results of this investigation demonstrated a saturation effect between the LAP index and total femur BMD, which may have been mediated by PIR.
Association between micronutrients and myopia in American adolescents: evidence from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Xiao Kunhong , Chen Ruiye , Lin Rong , Hu Wenyi , Liu Jiahao , Yusufu Mayinuer , Huang Yan , Li Li 
Published: October 2024

PurposeTo investigate the associations between circulating micronutrients (vitamins A, C, D, E, and carotenoids) and the risk of myopia.MethodsA total of 1,620 adolescents from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of micronutrients with myopia and high myopia. Restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to assess the potential nonlinear relationships.ResultsAmong the 1,620 adolescents, 549 were diagnosed with myopia. After adjusting for multiple covariates, only cis-β-carotene was significantly associated with the risk of myopia (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03–1.39) and high myopia (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.03–2.03). No significant associations were found between vitamins A, D, E, C, α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, lutein zeaxanthin, and myopia. No nonlinear relationships were observed between any of the micronutrients and myopia.ConclusionCis-β-carotene is significantly associated with an increased risk of myopia and high myopia. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and potential impact of cis-β-carotene on ocular health.
Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lan XiaoQian , Xie HongMei , Fu Lan , Peng WenTao 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionMindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been widely used for improving psychological symptoms and sleep quality in breast cancer patients and has a positive impact on posttraumatic growth and immunology. Moreover, MBSR is increasingly being used in cancer-related fatigue (CRF) intervention studies for breast cancer patients, but conflicting results also exist.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of MBSR on CRF in patients with breast cancer.MethodsA comprehensive computer search of the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China Biomedical Document Service System, China Knowledge Infrastructure Engineering, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and VIP databases was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before April 10, 2023, were identified. The primary outcome was cancer-related fatigue associated with breast cancer. Two researchers independently screened the studies, extracted the data, and evaluated the methodological quality of the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Meta-analysis of the outcome indicators was performed using STATA 16.0 software.ResultsA total of 13 studies were included, including 1992 patients (997 patients in the MBSR group and 1015 patients in the control group). Compared with conventional care, MBSR significantly alleviated the symptoms of CRF in breast cancer patients (SMD=-0.32, 95% CI [-0.42, -0.22], z=6.54, p&lt;.01). Under the supervision of experts, the 8-week MBSR had a great influence on CRF, especially in the Asian population.ConclusionsMBSR is effective in the treatment of CRF induced by breast cancer, and no obvious adverse effects occur; thus, MBSR can be recommended as a beneficial adjuvant therapy for treating CRF in breast cancer patients.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021245365.
First postnatal lactate blood levels on day 1 and outcome of preterm infants with gestational age <29 weeks
Authors: Zipf Stephanie , Fortmann Ingmar , Härtel Christoph , Andres Oliver , Frieauff Eric , Paul Pia , Häfke Anna , Reutter Heiko , Morhart Patrick , Weller Ursula , Welp Amrei , Kipke Henry , Herting Egbert , Humberg Alexander , Göpel Wolfgang , Hanke Kathrin 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundSerum lactate levels are used as biomarkers for perinatal asphyxia, while their value for outcome prediction in preterm infants is uncertain. It was the aim of this observational study to determine the association of the first postnatal serum-lactate levels on day 1 of life and short-term outcome in preterm infants less than 29 gestational weeks.MethodsWe analysed data in a population-based cohort of German Neonatal Network (GNN) preterm infants with available first postnatal lactate levels enrolled at 22–28 weeks of gestational age (GA) between 1st of April 2009 and 31st December 2020. We hypothesized that high lactate levels as measured in mmol/L increase the risk of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infants with VLBW regardless of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) status. Hypotheses were evaluated in univariate analyses and multiple logistic regression models.ResultsFirst postnatal lactate levels were available in 2499 infants. The study population had a median GA of 26.7 [IQR 25.2–27.9] weeks and birth weight of 840 g [IQR 665–995]. Infants with short-term complications such as IVH and BPD had higher initial lactate levels than non-affected infants. The positive predictive value of a lactate cut-off of 4 mmol/L was 0.28 for IVH and 0.30 for BPD. After adjustment for known confounding variables, each 1 mmol/L increase of day 1 lactate levels was associated with a modestly increased risk of IVH (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.03–1.37; p = 0.002) and BPD (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.06–1.43; p = 0.005) but not with sepsis or mortality. Notably, SGA was associated with lower risk of any grade and severe IVH (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.54–0.85; p = 0.001).ConclusionsIn our observational cohort study higher initial lactate levels were associated with adverse outcome regardless of SGA status. However, the predictive value of lactate cut-off levels such as 4 mmol/L is low.
Bioassay-guided isolation of two antiproliferative metabolites from Pterocarpus indicus Willd. against TGF-β-induced prostate stromal cells (WPMY-1) proliferation via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Nwe San Yoon , Uttarawichien Tamonwan , Boonsom Teerawat , Thongphichai Wisuwat , Dasuni Wasana Peththa Wadu , Sritularak Boonchoo , Payuhakrit Witchuda , Sukrong Suchada , Towiwat Pasarapa 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the enlargement of the prostate gland, primarily occurring in aging men, in which transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a critical role in prostate cell hyperproliferation and leads to uncomfortable urinary symptoms in BPH patients. Pterocarpus indicus Willd. is well known for its ethnopharmacological applications for treating ailments such as diuresis and bladder stones.MethodsThis study aimed to examine the effect of P. indicus extract (PI extract) on TGF-β-induced WPMY-1 cell proliferation, followed by bioassay-guided fractionation to isolate the active metabolites. Angolensin (Ang) and maackiain (Mac) were isolated from bioassay-guided fractionation. Network analysis was performed to investigate the potential mechanisms. Furthermore, network analysis of the Ang-Mac combination in BPH highlighted the potential top ten pathways, including PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Accordingly, subsequent investigation focused on evaluating the effect of PI extract, Ang, Mac, and Ang-Mac combination on the expression of PCNA, p53, and PI3K/AKT protein localization and expression.Results and discussionResults revealed inhibition of cell proliferation in TGF-β-induced WPMY-1 cells, correlating with downregulated PCNA expression. While PI extract and Mac induced apoptosis via p53 upregulation, Ang and Ang-Mac combination did not significantly affect apoptosis through the p53 pathway. Additionally, both metabolites exhibited potent inhibition of p-PI3K and p-AKT protein localization and expression in the nucleus of TGF-β-induced WPMY-1 cells. This study suggests that PI extract, Ang, and Mac are promising compounds for treating BPH, as evidenced by in silico and in vitro studies. Additionally, Ang and Mac could be used to standardize PI extract in future investigations.
Attractant potential of Enterobacter cloacae and its metabolites to Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)
Authors: Duan Yawen , Li Anjuan , Zhang Lin , Yin Chongwen , Li Zhihong , Liu Lijun 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveBactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) has a wide host range. It has been the most important quarantine pest in many countries or regions. Currently, chemical control and bait trapping are mainly used in the monitoring, prevention, and control of B. dorsalis. However, chemical control will cause pollution of the environment and drug resistance of insects. Methyl eugenol, the main attractant currently used, can only attract males of B. dorsalis.MethodsThis study focused on the attractant function and active substances of one key intestinal bacterium, Enterobacter cloacae, which was isolated from B. dorsalis.ResultsFirst, the attraction of the E. cloacae autoclaved supernatant to male and female adults of 0, 6, and 15 days post-emergence was confirmed using a Y-type olfactometer. Subsequently, through metabolome sequencing and bioassays, L-prolinamide was identified and confirmed as the most effective attractant for B. dorsalis. Finally, the synergistic effect of L-prolinamide with the sex attractant ME was validated through field experiments. This study confirmed the attraction effect of E. cloacae on B. dorsalis and also proved the attraction effect of L-prolinamide, the metabolite of E. cloacae, on B. dorsalis. This laid a theoretical foundation for the development of a new attractant and safe, green, and efficient prevention and control technology of B. dorsalis.