bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence and sequela of lymphocele formation after robot‐assisted extended pelvic lymph node dissection
Authors: Keskin Mehmet Selcuk , Argun Ömer Burak , Öbek Can , Tufek Ilter , Tuna Mustafa Bilal , Mourmouris Panogiotis , Erdoğan Sarper , Kural Ali Rıza 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo determine an accurate incidence of lymphocele formation and its sequela after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and extended lymph node dissection (eLND) in a contemporary prostate cancer cohort.Patients and MethodConsecutive patients who underwent RARP and eLND and had a minimum follow‐up of 3 months were included. All surgeries were performed by one surgeon via a transperitoneal approach, with patients uniformly receiving low‐molecular‐weight heparin. Patients were followed with serial ultrasonography (US) based on a predetermined schedule for lymphocele surveillance. Incidence and sequelae of lymphoceles were retrospectively assessed.ResultsIn all, 521 patients were analysed. The mean (sd) follow‐up was 33.5 (22.8) months. Lymphocele developed in 9% and became symptomatic in 2.5%. All except one were detected at the 1‐month postoperative US; however, 76% regressed by the 3‐month US. If lymphocele persisted at 3 months, 64% developed symptoms associated with infection and required drainage. Having diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing an infected lymphocele. Other symptoms related to lymphocele were rare. Comparisons of patient characteristics between patients with and without lymphoceles did not show any significant prognostic indicators to predict the occurrence of lymphocele in neither univariate nor multivariate analysis in the present cohort.ConclusionThe incidence of symptomatic lymphocele after transperitoneal RARP and eLND is rare. However, during follow‐up, US imaging at 3 months after surgery appears advisable. If a lymphocele is detected at the 3‐month follow‐up US discussing percutaneous external drainage with the patient appears to be wise, as it may prevent the development of a symptomatic lymphocele in two‐thirds of such patients.
Ambulatory movements, team dynamics and interactions during robot‐assisted surgery
Authors: Ahmad Nabeeha , Hussein Ahmed A. , Cavuoto Lora , Sharif Mohamed , Allers Jenna C. , Hinata Nobuyuki , Ahmad Basel , Kozlowski Justen D. , Hashmi Zishan , Bisantz Ann , Guru Khurshid A. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo analyse ambulatory movements and team dynamics during robot‐assisted surgery (RAS), and to investigate whether congestion of the physical space associated with robotic technology led to workflow challenges or predisposed to errors and adverse events.MethodsWith institutional review board approval, we retrospectively reviewed 10 recorded robot‐assisted radical prostatectomies in a single operating room (OR). The OR was divided into eight zones, and all movements were tracked and described in terms of start and end zones, duration, personnel and purpose. Movements were further classified into avoidable (can be eliminated/improved) and unavoidable (necessary for completion of the procedure).ResultsThe mean operating time was 166 min, of which ambulation constituted 27 min (16%). A total of 2 896 ambulatory movements were identified (mean: 290 ambulatory movements/procedure). Most of the movements were procedure‐related (31%), and were performed by the circulating nurse. We identified 11 main pathways in the OR; the heaviest traffic was between the circulating nurse zone, transit zone and supply‐1 zone. A total of 50% of ambulatory movements were found to be avoidable.ConclusionMore than half of the movements during RAS can be eliminated with an improved OR setting. More studies are needed to design an evidence‐based OR layout that enhances access, workflow and patient safety.
Involvement of the orexin/hypocretin system in the pharmacological effects induced by Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol
Authors: Flores África , Julià‐Hernández Marina , Maldonado Rafael , Berrendero Fernando 
Published: January 2016

Background and PurposeAnatomical, biochemical and pharmacological evidence suggest the existence of a crosstalk between the orexinergic and endocannabinoid systems. While the orexin receptor 1 (OX1 receptor) modulates the reinforcing properties of cannabinoids, the participation of orexins in the acute pharmacological effects of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) remains unexplored.Experimental ApproachWe assessed the possible role of orexins in THC‐induced hypolocomotion, hypothermia, antinociception, anxiolytic‐ and anxiogenic‐like effects and memory impairment. Selective OX1 and OX2 receptor antagonists and OX1 knockout (KO) mice as well as prepro‐orexin (PPO) KO mice were used as pharmacological and genetic approaches. CB1 receptor levels in control and PPO KO mice were evaluated by immunoblot analysis. The expression of c‐Fos after THC treatment was analysed in several brain areas in wild‐type mice and in mice lacking the PPO gene.Key ResultsThe hypothermia, supraspinal antinociception and anxiolytic‐like effects induced by THC were modulated by orexins through OX2 receptor signalling. OX1 receptors did not seem to be involved in these THC responses. No differences in CB1 receptor levels were found between wild‐type and PPO KO mice. THC‐induced increase in c‐Fos expression was reduced in the central amygdala, medial preoptic area and lateral septum in these mutant mice.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results provide new findings to further clarify the interaction between orexins and cannabinoids. OX1 and OX2 receptors are differently implicated in the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids.
Dynamics of salivary cortisol in chronic kidney disease patients at stages 1 through 4
Authors: Cardoso Estela María del Luján , Arregger Alejandro Luis , Budd Dianne , Zucchini Alfredo Enrique , Contreras Liliana Noemí 
Published: January 2016

SummaryContextEnd‐stage renal disease has been associated with derangement of the HPA function. The dynamics of this axis in early stages of renal disease (CKD) has not been assessed.ObjectivesTo evaluate in patients with CKD at stages 1–4 (KDOQI): the diurnal variation of salivary cortisol; the suppressibility of cortisol in saliva and serum after an overnight oral 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (1 mg DST) with simultaneous measurement of circulating dexamethasone.Design and Methods80 CKD outpatients and 40 healthy subjects were included. All CKD collected whole saliva at 08·00 and 23·00 h (SAF23) on two nonconsecutive days. Thereafter at 08·00 h, following 1 mg DST, saliva and blood were obtained. Salivary and serum cortisol as well as CBG were assessed by RIA, dexamethasone by ELISA and serum free cortisol was calculated.ResultsSAF23 correlated negatively with glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The fraction of free cortisol in serum and saliva after 1 mg DST, correlated positively and significantly in both patients with CKD and healthy subjects (r: 0·86 and r: 0·85, respectively; P < 0·0001 for both). Ten percent of CKD with GFR < 90 ml/min/1·73 m2 had false positive results unrelated to dexamethasone and CBG concentrations.ConclusionsFalse positive responses to 1 mg DST were associated with GFR < 90 ml/min/1·73 m2. This could not be ascribed to either defects in dexamethasone absorption or CBG concentrations. Higher dexamethasone doses were necessary to achieve adequate HPA suppression. Salivary cortisol was useful to assess circadian cortisol levels and feed‐back regulation in CKD.
Multicentre prospective evaluation of implant‐assisted mandibular removable partial dentures: surgical and prosthodontic outcomes
Authors: Payne Alan G. T. , Tawse‐Smith Andrew , Wismeijer Daniel , De Silva Rohana K. , Ma Sunyoung 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine implant survival and prosthodontic maintenance of implant‐assisted mandibular removable partial dentures in a multicentre prospective study up to 10 years.Materials and methodsForty‐eight participants with mandibular distal extension partial dentures were selected. A control group of 12 New Zealand participants had new conventional mandibular partial dentures made. Three test groups of 36 participants in New Zealand (n = 12), the Netherlands (n = 12) and Colombia (n = 12) had bilateral distal implants placed. Surgical and prosthodontic outcomes were documented with only healing caps placed (Stage 1) and with an attachment system (Stage 2).ResultsNo implants failed after 3 years. Four late implant failures in three participants occurred in New Zealand (two unilateral implant failures after 5 and 8 years and two bilateral implant failures in the same participant after 6 and 10 years); two unilateral late implant failures occurred in the Netherlands and no late failures in Colombia. Implant survival rate was 92% by 10 years. Resonance frequency measurements were taken at surgery implant stability quotient (ISQ) 62.44 ± 7.46; range 40 – 79), baseline (ISQ 63.22 ± 6.17; range 50 – 74) and after 3 years (ISQ 66.38 ± 6.77; range 55 – 83). In New Zealand and Colombia, measured crestal bone levels were 2.03 ± 0.71 mm and 2.20 ± 0.81 mm, respectively, at baseline and 3 years. For Stage I, principal prosthodontic maintenance issues were loose healing caps among 10 New Zealand participants, four Colombian participants and one Netherlands participant. For Stage 2, matrix activation and overdenture puncture fractures resulted in 41 events (25 participants) in New Zealand over 10 years, whilst over 3 years, there were 14 events in nine Colombian participants and six events in five Netherlands participants.ConclusionThis clinical multicentre research complements previous case reports, case series, retrospective and prospective studies on the notion of implant‐assisted removable partial dentures for partially edentulous patients. Late implant failures and increased prosthodontic maintenance when an attachment system is used identify the need for further research, including more robust statistical analyses.
Comparison of conventional twist drill protocol and piezosurgery for implant insertion: an ex vivo study on different bone types
Authors: Sagheb Keyvan , Kumar Vinay V. , Azaripour Adriano , Walter Christian , Al‐Nawas Bilal , Kämmerer Peer W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this ex vivo study was to compare implant insertion procedures using piezosurgery and conventional drilling in different qualities of bone. Implant bed preparation time, generated heat, and primary implant stability were analyzed.Material and methodsFresh ex vivo porcine bone block samples (cancellous, mixed, and cortical bone) were obtained. The bone quality was quantified by ultrasound transmission velocity (UTV). Each bone sample received three implants of the same diameter using each of the techniques of piezosurgery and conventional twist drills. Time for preparation was taken and the temperature while performing the osteotomy was measured using infrared spectroscopy. The primary implant stability after osteotomy was measured using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and extrusion torque (ET). ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test was carried out to compare the values for the three different groups.ResultsThe UTV values strongly correlated with the density of the bone samples. There was a significant increase in time (threefold, P < 0.05 [302 s vs. 122 s in cortical bone]) but no difference in the temperature for the piezo group (~37°C in cortical bone). Regardless of the osteotomy technique, there was a statistically significant increase in RFA and ET values in implants inserted in cancellous bone (RFA: piezo 77, drill 76; ET: piezo 22, drill 21), mixed bone (RFA: piezo 85, drill 86; ET: piezo 105, drill 61), and cortical bone (RFA: piezo 90, drill 87; ET piezo 184, drill 79) samples, respectively (P < 0.05). In between the different osteotomy groups, there was no difference in the RFA values but significant higher ET values in mixed/cortical bone samples in favor for the piezosurgery group.ConclusionPiezosurgery and conventional implant bed drilling procedure do have similar mechanical outcomes regarding primary stability with high RFA values, but the preparation does need more time for piezosurgery group, so that piezosurgery might be a valuable tool in only very specific cases for implant bed preparation.
The influence of initial mucosal thickness on crestal bone change in similar macrogeometrical implants: a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: van Eekeren Paul , van Elsas Pieter , Tahmaseb Ali , Wismeijer Daniel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate crestal bone changes around bone‐ and tissue‐level implants related to initial mucosal thickness.Materials and methodsPatients received at least 2 implants: one with the prosthetic abutment connection at the crestal bone level (MC) and one with the prosthetic abutment connection at 2.5 mm supra crestal (LC). Flap thickness measurements were taken using a periodontal probe after raising the buccal flap. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the mucosal thickness—Group A (thickness, ≤2 mm) and Group B (thickness, >2 mm).ResultsOur study included 33 patients and 78 implants. Each patient received at least 1 implant of each type: Group A (MC), 17 implants, with a mean bone change of −0.6 ± 0.5 mm; Group B (MC), 20 with a mean bone change of −0.2 ± 0.4 mm; Group A (LC), 15 with a mean bone change of −0.1 ± 0.5 mm; and Group B (LC), 22 with a mean bone change of −0.2 ± 0.4 mm. A paired‐samples t‐test for groups A (MC) and B (MC) yielded a statistically significant difference (P = 0.003); there was no statistically significant difference for groups A (LC) and B (LC) (P = 0.518).ConclusionIf the initial mucosal thickness surrounding bone‐level implants is more than 2 mm, there is significantly less crestal bone change compared with bone‐level implants placed in initial mucosal thicknesses of 2 mm or less. This difference is not statistically significant when tissue‐level implants are used and the implant–abutment connection is 2.5 mm above the crestal bone level.
Trust matters: Seeing how an adult treats another person influences preschoolers' willingness to delay gratification
Authors: Michaelson Laura E. , Munakata Yuko 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHolding out for a delayed reward in the face of temptation is notoriously difficult, and the ability to do so in childhood predicts diverse indices of life success. Prominent explanations focus on the importance of cognitive control. However, delaying gratification may also require trust in people delivering future rewards as promised. Only limited experimental work has tested this idea, and such studies with children were focused on general reward expectations, so evidence was ambiguous as to whether social trust played a role. The present study provides the first targeted test of a role for social trust in children's willingness to delay gratification. Children observed an adult behave in either a trustworthy or untrustworthy manner toward another adult, then were tested in the classic delay of gratification task by that adult. Children were less likely to wait the full delay period, and waited less time overall, for a reward promised by an untrustworthy adult, relative to children tested by a trustworthy adult. These findings demonstrate that manipulations of social trust influence delaying gratification, and highlight intriguing alternative reasons to test for individual differences in delaying gratification and associated life outcomes.
Association between eruption state of the third molar and the occurrence of mandibular angle fractures
Authors: Rahimi‐Nedjat Roman K. , Sagheb Keyvan , Jacobs Collin , Walter Christian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground/AimFractures of the mandible, especially the mandibular angle, are one of the most frequent types of injuries of the facial skeleton. In many cases, a retained third molar can be found in the line of the fracture. However, it remains unclear whether a relationship between third molars and mandibular angle fractures exists.Materials and MethodsPatients with isolated or combined fractures of the lower jaw between January 2001 and December 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Electronic health records were investigated regarding the types of mandibular fractures, and panoramic radiographs were reviewed concerning the existence of third molars. In addition, a systematic review was performed to compare the findings of this study with existing data.ResultsSix hundred and thirty‐two patients were treated for mandibular fractures within the time frame. Two hundred and sixty‐seven had a mandibular angle fracture. In 461 patients, panoramic radiographs were available, of which 45.6% did not have a third molar. About 3.8% were edentulous. There is a significant relationship between the existence of unerupted third molars and the occurrence of mandibular angle fractures (P < 0.001). No correlation exists for erupted third molars.ConclusionsFractures of the mandibular angle are more likely to appear in patients with retained third molars which might be due to the reduced bone mass. Once the wisdom teeth have erupted, the bone structure is more solid and more resistant to external forces and the development of fractures.
Presence of a conspecific increases superparasitism but not infanticide under self‐ and conspecific superparasitism in a semisolitary parasitoid, Echthrodelphax fairchildii (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae)
Authors: Ito Emi , Yamada Yoshihiro Y. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFemale parasitoids are expected to avoid superparasitism (ovipositing in and/or on parasitized hosts) when unparasitized hosts are available. However, when the supply of unparasitized hosts is restricted, they are expected to self‐ as well as conspecifically superparasitize. One of the cues of a reduced availability of unparasitized hosts is the presence of a conspecific. Moreover, if the focal species can perform infanticide, after encountering a conspecific female, the females are expected to kill eggs existing in and/or on hosts when superparasitizing, because the eggs are more likely to be laid by others. In this study we investigated whether females of an infanticidal semisolitary parasitoid, Echthrodelphax fairchildii, increase their frequencies of superparasitism and infanticide after encountering a conspecific female. Echthrodelphax fairchildii females are capable of discriminating between self‐ and conspecific superparasitism until up to 0.75 h after the first egg was laid (self‐superparasitism frequency < conspecific superparasitism frequency). As expected, the female parasitoids were more likely to perform self‐ and conspecific superparasitism after they had encountered a conspecific. In particular, the self‐superparasitism frequency increased highly within a short period after the first oviposition, so that no difference between the self‐ and conspecific superparasitism frequencies was found. In contrast, the infanticidal‐probing frequency remained extremely low, irrespective of whether or not the female parasitoids had encountered a conspecific. Moreover, when superparasitizing, females usually laid female eggs. Possible causes for the low frequency of infanticidal probing and the female‐biased sex ratio are discussed.
Extending structural health monitoring concepts for bone healing assessment
Authors: Ong W H , Chiu W K , Russ M , Chiu Z K 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA series of experimental investigations are performed to show the potential of integrating sensing elements into an external fixation for healing assessment of a fracture femur. This investigation is supported by finite element analyses that highlight the fundamental structural dynamics, which enable a stiffness‐based healing assessment methodology. A saw‐bone femur externally fixated with a Hoffman II will be subjected to an artificial fracture. The healing of the fractured femur is simulated with the curing of epoxy applied to the fractured region. The finite element analyses results will help determine the useful modes for assessing the state of healing of the fracture that can be attributed to the changes in the stiffness of the fixated structure. The findings will be tested against a set of experiments to show how the stiffness‐related quantities can be delineated from the dynamic response. The results reported will show distinct changes to the frequency response functions as the epoxy cures demonstrating the potential of integrating sensors onto an external fixation for healing and fracture union assessment.
Comparative assessment of ecosystem C exchange in Miscanthusand reed canary grass during early establishment
Authors: Ní Choncubhair Órlaith , Osborne Bruce , Finnan John , Lanigan Gary 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLand‐use change to bioenergy crop production can contribute towards addressing the dual challenges of greenhouse gas mitigation and energy security. Realisation of the mitigation potential of bioenergy crops is, however, dependent on suitable crop selection and full assessment of the carbon (C) emissions associated with land conversion. Using eddy covariance‐based estimates, ecosystem C exchange was studied during the early‐establishment phase of two perennial crops, C3reed canary grass (RCG) and C4Miscanthus, planted on former grassland in Ireland. Crop development was the main determinant of net carbon exchange in theMiscanthuscrop, restricting significant net C uptake during the first 2 years of establishment. TheMiscanthusecosystem switched from being a net C source in the conversion year to a strong net C sink (−411 ± 63 g C m−2) in the third year, driven by significant above‐ground growth and leaf expansion. ForRCG, early establishment and rapid canopy development facilitated a net C sink in the first 2 years of growth (−319 ± 57 (post‐planting) and −397 ± 114 g C m−2, respectively). Peak seasonal C uptake occurred three months earlier inRCG(May) thanMiscanthus(August), howeverMiscanthussustained net C uptake longer into the autumn and was close to C‐neutral in winter. Leaf longevity is therefore a key advantage of C4Miscanthusin temperate climates. Further increases in productivity are projected asMiscanthusreaches maturity and are likely to further enhance the C sink potential ofMiscanthusrelative toRCG.
Ultra‐short version of the oral health impact profile in elderly Chileans
Authors: León Soraya , Correa‐Beltrán Gloria , De Marchi Renato J , Giacaman Rodrigo A 
Published: January 2016

AimThe aim of the present study was to develop and validate an ultra‐short Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) in an elderly Chilean population.MethodsThe OHIP‐49Sp was applied to 490 older adults, and the seven questions with the higher impact on oral health‐related quality of life were selected through linear regression. These items were applied to 85 older adults to test internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). A discriminative validity analysis was carried out along with the assessment of sociodemographic and clinical variables. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test, Student's t‐test and one‐way anova tests with a 95% confidence level.ResultsHigh internal consistency values were obtained for the OHIP‐7Sp instrument (0.93). There was an association between the OHIP‐7Sp scores and the presence of caries, need for complex periodontal treatment, prosthetic needs, and age younger than 70 years.ConclusionThe OHIP‐7Sp proved to be a consistent and valid tool to assess oral health‐related quality of life in Chilean older adults, and can be incorporated in epidemiological studies that include several other targets. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 277–285.