bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation and properties of polyelectrolytes/TiO2 composite coating on wood surfaces through layer-by-layer assembly method
Authors: Rao Xin , Liu Yongzhuang , Fu Yanchun , Liu Yixing , Yu Haipeng 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A transparent and protective multilayer coating composed of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), poly(styrene sulfonic acid) sodium salt (PSS), and nano-TiO2 films was fabricated on wood surfaces by layer-by-layer assembly method. The coating was formed through pre-immobilization of cationic PAH layer on wood substrate, followed by alternate soaking cycles in pH-controlled anionic PSS solution and TiO2 colloidal solution. The structure and properties of the assembled coating were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse X-ray analysis (EDXA), UV reflection and absorption, colorimetry, and contact angle (CA) measurement. Results revealed that the coverage uniformity and thickness were improved with increasing number of PSS/TiO2 bilayers. The coating masked the cell wall ultrastructure while leaving the microscale features intact. The anatase TiO2 in the assembled coating enhanced the UV stability of wood and resulted in a lowered photochromism. Furthermore, the photocatalytic capability of the nano-TiO2 films in degrading dyes of rhodamine B and methylene blue was verified. The nano-TiO2 film on the top surface of the coating embodied a superhydrophilicity, showing self-cleaning and anti-fog capabilities. Stearic acid modification altered the superhydrophilicity to hydrophobicity with CA of 140°.
Kinetic Study of Adsorption of Pigments and Oxidation Products in the Bleaching of Rice Bran Oil
Authors: Pohndorf Ricardo S. , Pinheiro Cláudio P. , Pinto Luiz A. A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this study, different concentrations and types of adsorbents (activated earth, chitin and chitosan) were tested for adsorption of carotenoids, chlorophylls and peroxides in the bleaching of rice bran oil (RBO). The bleaching kinetics showed that using 1 % (w/w) of activated earth for 20 min, there was a suitable reduction in peroxide and pigment contents. The bleaching with 2 % (w/w) of biopolymeric adsorbents promoted to a decrease of around 40 % in the peroxide value. The increased concentration of activated earth led to an increase in the adsorption rate constant, indicating more speed in the bleaching process. The pseudo-second-order model showed best fit to the experimental data in the oil bleaching onto activated earth; however, the pseudo-first-order model was more appropriate to describe the kinetic behavior of adsorption onto chitin and chitosan. The biopolymeric adsorbent has shown to be a potential source for adsorption of metal ions in RBO.
Testing for Oligopsony Power in the US Green Skin Avocado Market
Authors: Evans Edward , H. Ballen Fredy 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The United States is the main destination for Dominican Republic (DR) green skin avocado exports accounting for over 70 % of the total DR green skin avocado exports from 2004 to 2013. Given the US dominant position in the US-DR green skin avocado trade, the United States may have an incentive to deviate from the competitive markets model, and behave as an oligopsonist. The present study seeks to assess potential oligopsonistic behavior in the US green skin avocado import market. A residual supply model was specified and estimated. Findings indicate that despite its dominant position in the world avocado trade, there is no empirical evidence that indicates that the United States exercises market power over DR exports of green skin avocados.
Determination of methanol in Iranian herbal distillates
Authors: Shirani Kobra , Hassani Faezeh Vahdati , Azar-Khiavi Kamal Razavi , Moghaddam Zohreh Samie , Karimi Gholamreza 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background: Herbal distillates have been used as beverages, for flavoring, or as phytomedicines in many countries for a long time. Recently, the occurrence of blindness after drinking herbal distillates has created concerns in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of methanol in herbal distillates produced in Iran.

Methods: Eighty-four most commonly used herbal distillates purchased from herbal distillate factories were analyzed for methanol contents by gas chromatography and flame ionization detection, with ethanol as internal standard.

Results: In 15 herbal distillates, the methanol concentration was below the limit of quantitation. The methanol concentrations in all samples ranged from 43 to 277 mg/L. Forty-five samples contained methanol in excess of the Iranian standard. The maximum concentration was found in an herbal distillate of Mentha piperita (factory E) (277±12), and the minimum in a distillate of Carum carvi (factory B) (42.6 ± 0.5).

Conclusions: Since the 45 Iranian herbal distillates containing methanol levels were beyond the legal limits according to the Iranian standard, it seems necessary to monitor the amount of methanol and give a warning to watch out for the latent risk problem of methanol uptake, and establish a definitive relationship between the degree of intoxication observed and the accumulation of methanol in the blood.
Stationary Currents in Particle Systems with Constrained Hopping Rates
Authors: Cirillo Emilio N. M. , Colangeli Matteo , Muntean Adrian 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We study the effect on the stationary currents of constraints affecting the hopping rates in stochastic particle systems. In the framework of zero range processes with drift within a finite volume, we discuss how the current is reduced by the presence of the constraint and deduce exact formulae, fully explicit in some cases. The model discussed here has been introduced by Cirillo et al. (Does communication enhance pedestrians transport in the dark? To appear in C. R. Mécanique 344 (2016), 19–23) and is relevant for the description of pedestrian motion in elongated dark corridors, where the constraint on the hopping rates can be related to limitations on the interaction distance among pedestrians, but finds also applications in the modeling of various transport phenomena.
Model selection for factorial Gaussian graphical models with an application to dynamic regulatory networks
Authors: Vinciotti Veronica , Augugliaro Luigi , Abbruzzo Antonino , Wit Ernst C. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Factorial Gaussian graphical Models (fGGMs) have recently been proposed for inferring dynamic gene regulatory networks from genomic high-throughput data. In the search for true regulatory relationships amongst the vast space of possible networks, these models allow the imposition of certain restrictions on the dynamic nature of these relationships, such as Markov dependencies of low order – some entries of the precision matrix are a priori zeros – or equal dependency strengths across time lags – some entries of the precision matrix are assumed to be equal. The precision matrix is then estimated by l
1-penalized maximum likelihood, imposing a further constraint on the absolute value of its entries, which results in sparse networks. Selecting the optimal sparsity level is a major challenge for this type of approaches. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a number of model selection criteria for fGGMs by means of two simulated regulatory networks from realistic biological processes. The analysis reveals a good performance of fGGMs in comparison with other methods for inferring dynamic networks and of the KLCV criterion in particular for model selection. Finally, we present an application on a high-resolution time-course microarray data from the Neisseria meningitidis bacterium, a causative agent of life-threatening infections such as meningitis. The methodology described in this paper is implemented in the R package sglasso, freely available at CRAN, http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=sglasso.
New bioactive metabolites from Penicillium purpurogenum MM
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed , El-Metwally Mohammad Magdy , Laatsch Hartmut 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Three new bioactive compounds, namely (S)-tenellic acid B dimethyl acetal (1a), (3R,3′R/S)-isotalarone (2), and (3R,5R)-cis-5-methyl-3-(2-oxobutyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one (3), were isolated from the terrestrial fungus Penicillium purpurogenum MM, together with 15 known metabolites: talaroflavone, pestalasin A, altenuene, penicillide, 3′-O-methyl-dehydroisopenicillide, rubralactone, tenellic acid B, diaporthin, butyrolactone 1, butyrolactone-V, 4-hydroxy-2-methoxyacetanilide, ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide, linoleic acid, and glycerol monolinoleate. The chemical structures of the three new compounds were confirmed by extensive one- and two-dimensional NMR and electron spray ionization high-resolution mass spectra measurements and by comparison with literature data. The absolute configurations of the new compounds, and of talaroflavone (4a) and tenellic acid B (2b), were determined by ab initio calculations of ECD, ORD, and NMR data. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the crude extract and of the isolated compounds were studied using a set of microorganisms and brine shrimp assay, respectively. The isolation and taxonomic characterization of P. purpurogenum MM is reported.
Gold(III)-mediated cyclization of 2-hydrazinylquinolines
Authors: Schmidt Alexander , Baune Matthias , Hepp Alexander , Kösters Jutta , Müller Jens 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The Au(III)-mediated oxidative cyclization of a series of 2-hydrazinylquinolines is reported. This intramolecular reaction represents a reliable way towards obtaining various 3H-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-10-ium cations. The molecular structures of three of the starting compounds (2-(1-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)quinoline, 2-(1-methyl-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)quinoline, 2-((2-methyl-2-(quinolin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)aniline) as well as of one cyclized system (3-methyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-3H-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-10-ium dichloridoaurate(I)) were determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Evaluation of Sub-Surface Residual Stress by Ultrasonic Method and Finite-Element Analysis of Welding Process in a Monel Pressure Vessel
Authors: Javadi Yashar , Hatef Mosteshary Seyed 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Welding of nickel-based alloys is increasingly used in the industry to manufacture various important structures in the marine industries, chemical processing, etc. This study investigates evaluation of sub-surface residual stresses, which are produced by the welding process in a pressure vessel made from Monel 400 alloy. The residual stresses are experimentally measured by ultrasonic method in which longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) waves are propagated inside the specimen to evaluate the effect of stress on the wave velocity. Any difference in the wave velocity could be transformed to the material stress by using acoustoelasticity relations. A nondestructive hydro-test process is used to measure the acoustoelastic constant, which is an important material property needed to be embedded in the acoustoelasticity relations. By using a different frequency range than the ultrasonic transducers, the LCR wave penetrates in different depths of the specimen to measure the sub-surface stresses. The welding processes are also numerically analyzed by a 3D thermo-mechanical finite-element (FE) model, which is validated by hole-drilling stress-measurement method. The residual stresses calculated by FE simulation are then compared with those obtained from the ultrasonic stress measurement and an acceptable agreement is achieved. It is demonstrated that the sub-surface residual stresses of the Monel pressure vessel could be accurately evaluated by combination of the FE simulation and stress measurement implemented by the LCR waves.
Evaluation of Foot Protection Effectiveness Against AP Mine Blasts: Effect of Deflector Geometry
Authors: Kamberoğlu Murat , Karahan Mehmet , Alpdoğan Can , Karahan Nevin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this study, the effectiveness of blast deflectors used in protective footwear against antipersonnel (AP) mines was investigated. The tip angle of a V-shaped deflector and the overall shape (symmetrical, unsymmetrical) were chosen as the design parameters to be examined, whereas parameters such as deflector material and wall thickness were kept constant. Both explicit dynamic finite element analysis (LS-Dyna) and blast tests were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of these design parameters. The analysis results were also verified with the blast tests. A visual (qualitative) comparison between the analysis results and the blast tests showed a good agreement on the final deformed geometry of the deflector, which suggested that the simulation was able to capture the energy absorption mechanism of the deflector. The analysis results showed that the peak force transmitted to the leg decreased tremendously with the addition of blast deflectors. When compared to the case with no deflectors, an unsymmetrical and symmetrical deflector reduced the peak force by a factor of 24 and 36, respectively.
Memories of Justice
Authors: Padilla Tanalís 
Published: March 2016

This article analyzes the Cardenista legacy in Mexico's rural normales, teacher training schools for the rural population. Through an examination of oral histories, published memoirs, and autobiographies, I argue that rural normales' origins, the political culture that developed therein, and the upward mobility they enabled, ingrained an enduring sense of justice in their students. Cárdenas-era struggles and reforms were fundamental in this process as subsequent generations latched onto earlier battles over education as a way of understanding their own experience. This dynamic helps explain why rural normales have remained sites of student militancy.
El presente artículo analiza el legado cardenista en las normales rurales mexicanas, instituciones forjadoras de educadores para el campo. Mediante una exploración de historia oral, memorias y autobiografías, se revela que los orígenes de las normales rurales, la cultura de militancia que se desarrolló dentro de ellas y la movilidad social que permitieron, brindaron un sentido de justicia social que ha perdurado en sus alumnos. En este proceso las reformas cardenistas y las batallas que se libraron en la época en torno a la educación fueron fundamentales en la medida en que sucesivas generaciones las retomaron para dar sentido a su propia experiencia. Esta dinámica nos ayuda a entender por qué las normales rurales han permanecido como espacios de militancia estudiantil.
Variations in Mental Health Diagnosis and Prescribing Across Pediatric Primary Care Practices
Authors: Mayne Stephanie L. , Ross Michelle E. , Song Lihai , McCarn Banita , Steffes Jennifer , Liu Weiwei , Margolis Benyamin , Azuine Romuladus , Gotlieb Edward , Grundmeier Robert W. , Leslie Laurel K. , Localio Russell , Wasserman Richard , Fiks Alexander G. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:
Primary care pediatricians increasingly care for children’s mental health problems, but little is known about practice-level variation in diagnosis and psychotropic medication prescribing practices.

METHODS:
This retrospective review of electronic heath records from 43 US primary care practices included children aged 4 to 18 years with ≥1 office visit from January 1, 2009, to June 30, 2014. We examined variability in diagnosis and psychotropic prescribing across practices using logistic regression with practice fixed effects and evaluated associations of the availability of colocated or community-based mental health providers or the proportion of children in foster care with diagnosis and prescribing using generalized linear mixed models.

RESULTS:
Among 294 748 children, 40 932 (15%) received a mental health diagnosis and 39 695 (14%) were prescribed psychotropic medication. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder was most commonly diagnosed (1%–16% per practice). The proportion of children receiving any psychotropic medication (4%-26%) and the proportion receiving ≥2 medication classes (1%-12%) varied across practices. Prescribing of specific medication classes also varied (stimulants, 3%–18%; antidepressants, 1%–12%; α-agonists, 0%–8%; second-generation antipsychotics, 0%–5%). Variability was partially explained by community availability of psychiatrists (significantly higher odds of a diagnosis or prescription when not available) but not by colocation of mental health professionals or percentage of children in foster care.

CONCLUSIONS:
The prevalence of mental health diagnosis and psychotropic medication prescribing varies substantially across practices and is only partially explained by psychiatrist availability. Research is needed to better define the causes of variable practice-level diagnosis and prescribing and implications for child mental health outcomes.
Contribution of the Kallikrein/Kinin System to the Mediation of ConA-Induced Inflammatory Ascites
Authors: Baintner Károly 
Published: March 2016

Intraperitoneal administration of concanavalin A (ConA, 25 mg/kg b.w.), a cell-binding plant lectin was used for inducing inflammatory ascites, and potential inhibitors were tested in 1 h and 2.5 h experiments, i.e. still before the major influx of leucocytes. At the end of the experiment the peritoneal fluid was collected and measured.
The ConA-induced ascites was significantly (p<0.01) and dose-dependently inhibited by icatibant (HOE-140), a synthetic polypeptide antagonist of bradykinin receptors. Aprotinin, a kallikrein inhibitor protein also had significant (p<0.01), but less marked inhibitory effect. L-NAME, an inhibitor of NO synthesis, and atropine methylnitrate, an anticholinergic compound, were ineffective.
It is concluded, that the kallikrein/kinin system contributes to the mediation of the ConA-induced ascites by increasing subperitoneal vascular permeability, independent of the eventual vasodilation produced by NO. It is known, that membrane glycoproteins are aggregated by the tetravalent ConA and the resulting distortion of membrane structure may explain the activation of the labile prekallikrein.
Complete inhibition of the ConA-induced ascites could not be achieved by aprotinin or icatibant, which indicates the involvement of additional mediators.
Assessment of Periodontopathogens in Subgingival Biofilm of Banded and Bonded Molars in Early Phase of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Mártha Krisztina , Lőrinczi Lilla , Bică Cristina , Gyergyay Réka , Petcu Blanka , Lazăr Luminița 
Published: March 2016

To assess the prevalence and occurrence of eleven periodontopathogens in subgingival biofilm of banded and bonded molars during the first period of fixed orthodontic treatment. Subjects were selected from patients referred to orthodontic treatment and were divided in two groups: group A comprised fifteen patients (14.4±2.45 years of age) who received orthodontic bands on first permanent molars and group B of ten patients (15.7±1.87 years of age) with directly bonded tubes on the labial surface of the same teeth. Subgingival sample collection was performed before bands and tubes application and 4–7 weeks after attachment placement. DNA-strip tehnique was used to assess the presence of eleven putative periodontopathogens at each time point. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eikenella corrodens and Capnocytophaga spp. were found in a large number of samples, other periodontopathogens were present in a smaller rate. The 4–7 weeks after attachment placement a slight increase of putative species was observed in both groups.
The presence of orthodontic tubes and bands influence the accumulation and composition of subgingival microbiota. Higher level of oral hygiene should be achieved before and during orthodontic treatment in order to prevent any side effects on periodontal tissues.
Immunohistochemical characterization of FHIT expression in normal human tissues
Authors: Kujan Omar , Abuderman Abdulwahab , Al-Shawaf Ahmad Zahi 
Published: March 2016

Background
Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) is a tumor suppressor gene that is commonly inactivated in human tumors. Interestingly, the normal pattern of FHIT expression is largely unknown.

Aim
This study is aimed to characterize the expression of FHIT protein in normal human tissues.

Materials and methods
A total of 119 normal human tissue specimens were analyzed for the FHIT expression using immunohistochemistry technique. The inclusion criteria included: normal/inflammatory tissue with no evidence of cellular atypia.

Results
All studied specimens were stained positively with FHIT and showed either nuclear or cytoplasmic expression. Interestingly, the pattern of FHIT staining was similar among different specimens from each organ. FHIT is located predominantly in the nucleus, although cytoplasmic staining is also present in some cell types. Oral squamous epithelium, breast ductal epithelium, squamous and tubal metaplastic epithelium of the uterine cervix, esophageal squamous epithelium, salivary glands, and bronchial epithelia all strongly expressed the nuclear protein. In connective tissue, FHIT has shown strong cytoplasmic expression in histocytes including macrophages and dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts.

Conclusion
Documentation of the pattern of FHIT expression in normal tissues will contribute to our understanding of the normal function of this protein and to interpretation of potentially altered FHIT expression in human tumors.
Antropologia da Saúde: Um lugar para as abordagens antropológicas à doença e à saúde
Authors: Pereira Pedro 
Published: March 2016

Este artículo tiene la intención de presentar un recorrido histórico de la antropología médica, teniendo en cuenta las diversas denominaciones que gravitan en torno a esta designación. Para ello se cruzarán dos dimensiones, tiempo y espacio. Com respecto al tiempo, por una parte, hablará de lo tiempo en que la antropología médica carecía de una autonomía claramente definida y, por otro, se describirá el período en que la antropología médica reclamó un campo específico de estudio. Con respecto al espacio, por una parte, se hará referencia a los enfoques de la antropología médica que circunscribe su objeto de estudio a las prácticas de la enfermedad y la curación culturalmente distante, esencialmente impulsado por la exclusión de la biomedicina como un objeto de estudio y por otra, los enfoques de la antropología médica que incluyen la biomedicina serán mencionados. Por último, se sugiere una dirección diferente con otro nombre para este campo del conocimiento antropológico: la antropología de la salud.