bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General practitioners’ clinical expertise in managing suicidal young people: implications for continued education
Authors: Michail Maria , Tait Lynda , Churchill Dick 
Published: May 2017

Aim
To examine general practitioners’ (GPs) clinical expertise in assessing, communicating with, and managing suicidal young people aged 14–25 to inform the development of an educational intervention for GPs on youth suicide prevention.

Background
Suicide is the second leading cause of death for young people worldwide. GPs are ideally suited to facilitate early identification and assessment of suicide risk. However, GPs’ levels of competence, knowledge, and attitudes towards suicidal young people have not yet been explored.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey on GPs’ levels of confidence in assessing and managing young people at risk of suicide; knowledge of risk factors and warning signs of suicide in young people; attitudes towards young suicidal people; and training preferences on managing suicide risk.

Findings
Seventy GPs completed the survey (30 males). The majority of GPs reported high levels of confidence in assessing and managing suicidality in young people. Experienced GPs demonstrated high levels of knowledge of suicide risk factors in young people but low levels of knowledge of warning signs that might indicate heightened risk. Although 48% of GPs disagreed that maintaining compassionate care is difficult with those who deliberately self-harm, GPs perceived communication with young people to be difficult, with one-third reporting frustration in managing those at risk of suicide. A total of 75% of GPs said they would be interested in receiving further training on assessing and managing young people at risk of suicide.
The study has important implications for providing specialist training to support GPs in assessing and managing youth suicide risk and facilitating attitudinal change. GP education on youth suicide risk assessment and management should promote a holistic understanding and assessment of risk and its individual, social and contextual influences in line with clinical recommendations to facilitate therapeutic engagement and communication with young people.
The Dark Matter filament between Abell 222/223 – ERRATUM
Authors: Dietrich Jörg P. , Werner Norbert , Clowe Douglas , Finoguenov Alexis , Kitching Tom , Miller Lance , Simionescu Aurora 
Published: May 2017

It has come to our attention that the article The Dark Matter filament between Abell 222/223 (Dietrich et al. 2016) published on 12 October 2016 contained an error in the copyright line. The article was published with copyright IAU. The correct copyright line is © The Authors 2017. Published by Cambridge University Press. This has been corrected in the online version.We apologise to the authors of the article, and to Springer Nature for this error.
Thermoelectric quantum oscillations in ZrSiS
Authors: Matusiak Marcin , Cooper J. R. , Kaczorowski Dariusz 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTopological semimetals are systems in which conduction and valence bands cross each other and the crossings are protected by topological constraints. These materials provide intriguing tests for fundamental theories, while their unique physical properties promise a wide range of possible applications in low-power spintronics, optoelectronics, quantum computing and green energy harvesting. Here we report our study of the thermoelectric power of single-crystalline ZrSiS that is believed to be a topological nodal-line semimetal. We show that the thermoelectric power is an extremely sensitive probe of multiple quantum oscillations that are visible in ZrSiS at temperatures as high as 100 K. Two of these oscillations are shown to arise from three- and two-dimensional electronic bands, each with linear dispersion and the additional Berry phase predicted theoretically for materials with non-trivial topology. Our work not only provides further information on ZrSiS but also suggests a different route for studying other topological semimetals.
Draft genome of spinach and transcriptome diversity of 120 Spinacia accessions
Authors: Xu Chenxi , Jiao Chen , Sun Honghe , Cai Xiaofeng , Wang Xiaoli , Ge Chenhui , Zheng Yi , Liu Wenli , Sun Xuepeng , Xu Yimin , Deng Jie , Zhang Zhonghua , Huang Sanwen , Dai Shaojun , Mou Beiquan , Wang Quanxi , Fei Zhangjun , Wang Quanhua 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSpinach is an important leafy vegetable enriched with multiple necessary nutrients. Here we report the draft genome sequence of spinach (Spinacia oleracea, 2n=12), which contains 25,495 protein-coding genes. The spinach genome is highly repetitive with 74.4% of its content in the form of transposable elements. No recent whole genome duplication events are observed in spinach. Genome syntenic analysis between spinach and sugar beet suggests substantial inter- and intra-chromosome rearrangements during the Caryophyllales genome evolution. Transcriptome sequencing of 120 cultivated and wild spinach accessions reveals more than 420 K variants. Our data suggests that S. turkestanica is likely the direct progenitor of cultivated spinach and spinach domestication has a weak bottleneck. We identify 93 domestication sweeps in the spinach genome, some of which are associated with important agronomic traits including bolting, flowering and leaf numbers. This study offers insights into spinach evolution and domestication and provides resources for spinach research and improvement.
An Hsp90 co-chaperone protein in yeast is functionally replaced by site-specific posttranslational modification in humans
Authors: Zuehlke Abbey D. , Reidy Michael , Lin Coney , LaPointe Paul , Alsomairy Sarah , Lee D. Joshua , Rivera-Marquez Genesis M. , Beebe Kristin , Prince Thomas , Lee Sunmin , Trepel Jane B. , Xu Wanping , Johnson Jill , Masison Daniel , Neckers Len 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHeat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an essential eukaryotic molecular chaperone. To properly chaperone its clientele, Hsp90 proceeds through an ATP-dependent conformational cycle influenced by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and assisted by a number of co-chaperone proteins. Although Hsp90 conformational changes in solution have been well-studied, regulation of these complex dynamics in cells remains unclear. Phosphorylation of human Hsp90α at the highly conserved tyrosine 627 has previously been reported to reduce client interaction and Aha1 binding. Here we report that these effects are due to a long-range conformational impact inhibiting Hsp90α N-domain dimerization and involving a region of the middle domain/carboxy-terminal domain interface previously suggested to be a substrate binding site. Although Y627 is not phosphorylated in yeast, we demonstrate that the non-conserved yeast co-chaperone, Hch1, similarly affects yeast Hsp90 (Hsp82) conformation and function, raising the possibility that appearance of this PTM in higher eukaryotes represents an evolutionary substitution for HCH1.
Design of synthetic epigenetic circuits featuring memory effects and reversible switching based on DNA methylation
Authors: Maier Johannes A. H. , Möhrle Raphael , Jeltsch Albert 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEpigenetic systems store information in DNA methylation patterns in a durable but reversible manner, but have not been regularly used in synthetic biology. Here, we designed synthetic epigenetic memory systems using DNA methylation sensitive engineered zinc finger proteins to repress a memory operon comprising the CcrM methyltransferase and a reporter. Triggering by heat, nutrients, ultraviolet irradiation or DNA damaging compounds induces CcrM expression and DNA methylation. In the induced on-state, methylation in the operator of the memory operon prevents zinc finger protein binding leading to positive feedback and permanent activation. Using an mf-Lon protease degradable CcrM variant enables reversible switching. Epigenetic memory systems have numerous potential applications in synthetic biology, including life biosensors, death switches or induction systems for industrial protein production. The large variety of bacterial DNA methyltransferases potentially allows for massive multiplexing of signal storage and logical operations depending on more than one input signal.
Large scale meta-analysis characterizes genetic architecture for common psoriasis associated variants
Authors: Tsoi Lam C. , Stuart Philip E. , Tian Chao , Gudjonsson Johann E. , Das Sayantan , Zawistowski Matthew , Ellinghaus Eva , Barker Jonathan N. , Chandran Vinod , Dand Nick , Duffin Kristina Callis , Enerbäck Charlotta , Esko Tõnu , Franke Andre , Gladman Dafna D. , Hoffmann Per , Kingo Külli , Kõks Sulev , Krueger Gerald G. , Lim Henry W. , Metspalu Andres , Mrowietz Ulrich , Mucha Sören , Rahman Proton , Reis Andre , Tejasvi Trilokraj , Trembath Richard , Voorhees John J. , Weidinger Stephan , Weichenthal Michael , Wen Xiaoquan , Eriksson Nicholas , Kang Hyun M. , Hinds David A. , Nair Rajan P. , Abecasis Gonçalo R. , Elder James T 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPsoriasis is a complex disease of skin with a prevalence of about 2%. We conducted the largest meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for psoriasis to date, including data from eight different Caucasian cohorts, with a combined effective sample size >39,000 individuals. We identified 16 additional psoriasis susceptibility loci achieving genome-wide significance, increasing the number of identified loci to 63 for European-origin individuals. Functional analysis highlighted the roles of interferon signalling and the NFκB cascade, and we showed that the psoriasis signals are enriched in regulatory elements from different T cells (CD8+ T-cells and CD4+ T-cells including TH0, TH1 and TH17). The identified loci explain ∼28% of the genetic heritability and generate a discriminatory genetic risk score (AUC=0.76 in our sample) that is significantly correlated with age at onset (p=2 × 10−89). This study provides a comprehensive layout for the genetic architecture of common variants for psoriasis.
Antigen-specific CD8+ T cell feedback activates NLRP3 inflammasome in antigen-presenting cells through perforin
Authors: Yao Yikun , Chen Siyuan , Cao Mengtao , Fan Xing , Yang Tao , Huang Yin , Song Xinyang , Li Yongqin , Ye Lilin , Shen Nan , Shi Yufang , Li Xiaoxia , Wang Feng , Qian Youcun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe connection between innate and adaptive immunity is best exemplified by antigen presentation. Although antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are required for antigen receptor-mediated T-cell activation, how T-cells feedback to APCs to sustain an antigen-specific immune response is not completely clear. Here we show that CD8+T-cell (also called cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CTL) feedback activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in APCs in an antigen-dependent manner to promote IL-1β maturation. Perforin from antigen-specific CTLs is required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation in APCs. Furthermore, such activation of NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the induction of antigen-specific antitumour immunity and pathogenesis of graft-versus-host diseases. Our study reveals a positive feedback loop between antigen-specific CTLs and APC to amplify adaptive immunity.
In situ dynamic tracking of heterogeneous nanocatalytic processes by shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Hua , Wang Chen , Sun Han-Lei , Fu Gang , Chen Shu , Zhang Yue-Jiao , Chen Bing-Hui , Anema Jason R. , Yang Zhi-Lin , Li Jian-Feng , Tian Zhong-Qun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSurface molecular information acquiredin situfrom a catalytic process can greatly promote the rational design of highly efficient catalysts by revealing structure-activity relationships and reaction mechanisms. Raman spectroscopy can provide this rich structural information, but normal Raman is not sensitive enough to detect trace active species adsorbed on the surface of catalysts. Here we develop a general method forin situmonitoring of heterogeneous catalytic processes through shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) satellite nanocomposites (Au-core silica-shell nanocatalyst-satellite structures), which are stable and have extremely high surface Raman sensitivity. By combining operando SHINERS with density functional theory calculations, we identify the working mechanisms for CO oxidation over PtFe and Pd nanocatalysts, which are typical low- and high-temperature catalysts, respectively. Active species, such as surface oxides, superoxide/peroxide species and Pd–C/Pt–C bonds are directly observed during the reactions. We demonstrate thatin situSHINERS can provide a deep understanding of the fundamental concepts of catalysis.
Exploiting the kinesin-1 molecular motor to generate a virus membrane penetration site
Authors: Ravindran Madhu Sudhan , Engelke Martin F. , Verhey Kristen J. , Tsai Billy 
Published: May 2017

AbstractViruses exploit cellular machineries to penetrate a host membrane and cause infection, a process that remains enigmatic for non-enveloped viruses. Here we probe how the non-enveloped polyomavirus SV40 penetrates the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane to reach the cytosol, a crucial infection step. We find that the microtubule-based motor kinesin-1 is recruited to the ER membrane by binding to the transmembrane J-protein B14. Strikingly, this motor facilitates SV40 ER-to-cytosol transport by constructing a penetration site on the ER membrane called a ‘focus’. Neither kinesin-2, kinesin-3 nor kinesin-5 promotes foci formation or infection. The specific use of kinesin-1 is due to its unique ability to select posttranslationally modified microtubules for cargo transport and thereby spatially restrict focus formation to the perinucleus. These findings support the idea of a ‘tubulin code’ for motor-dependent trafficking and establish a distinct kinesin-1 function in which a motor is exploited to create a viral membrane penetration site.
Measuring the orbital angular momentum spectrum of an electron beam
Authors: Grillo Vincenzo , Tavabi Amir H. , Venturi Federico , Larocque Hugo , Balboni Roberto , Gazzadi Gian Carlo , Frabboni Stefano , Lu Peng-Han , Mafakheri Erfan , Bouchard Frédéric , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E. , Boyd Robert W. , Lavery Martin P. J. , Padgett Miles J. , Karimi Ebrahim 
Published: May 2017

AbstractElectron waves that carry orbital angular momentum (OAM) are characterized by a quantized and unbounded magnetic dipole moment parallel to their propagation direction. When interacting with magnetic materials, the wavefunctions of such electrons are inherently modified. Such variations therefore motivate the need to analyse electron wavefunctions, especially their wavefronts, to obtain information regarding the material’s structure. Here, we propose, design and demonstrate the performance of a device based on nanoscale holograms for measuring an electron’s OAM components by spatially separating them. We sort pure and superposed OAM states of electrons with OAM values of between −10 and 10. We employ the device to analyse the OAM spectrum of electrons that have been affected by a micron-scale magnetic dipole, thus establishing that our sorter can be an instrument for nanoscale magnetic spectroscopy.
Global mapping of CARM1 substrates defines enzyme specificity and substrate recognition
Authors: Shishkova Evgenia , Zeng Hao , Liu Fabao , Kwiecien Nicholas W. , Hebert Alexander S. , Coon Joshua J. , Xu Wei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractProtein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) introduce arginine methylation, a post-translational modification with the increasingly eminent role in normal physiology and disease. PRMT4 or coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) is a propitious target for cancer therapy; however, few CARM1 substrates are known, and its mechanism of substrate recognition is poorly understood. Here we employed a quantitative mass spectrometry approach to globally profile CARM1 substrates in breast cancer cell lines. We identified >130 CARM1 protein substrates and validated in vitro >90% of sites they encompass. Bioinformatics analyses reveal enrichment of proline-containing motifs, in which both methylation sites and their proximal sequences are frequently targeted by somatic mutations in cancer. Finally, we demonstrate that the N-terminus of CARM1 is involved in substrate recognition and nearly indispensable for substrate methylation. We propose that development of CARM1-specific inhibitors should focus on its N-terminus and predict that other PRMTs may employ similar mechanism for substrate recognition.
In silico analyses of deleterious missense SNPs of human apolipoprotein E3
Authors: Pires Allan S. , Porto William F. , Franco Octavio L. , Alencar Sérgio A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractApoE3 is the major chylomicron apolipoprotein, binding in a specific liver peripheral cell receptor, allowing transport and normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. Point mutations in ApoE3 have been associated with Alzheimer’s disease, type III hyperlipoproteinemia, atherosclerosis, telomere shortening and impaired cognitive function. Here, we evaluate the impact of missense SNPs in APOE retrieved from dbSNP through 16 computational prediction tools, and further evaluate the structural impact of convergent deleterious changes using 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations. We have found structural changes in four analyzed variants (Pro102Arg, Arg132Ser, Arg176Cys and Trp294Cys), two of them (Pro102Arg and Arg176Cys) being previously associated with human diseases. In all cases, except for Trp294Cys, there was a loss in the number of hydrogen bonds between CT and NT domains that could result in their detachment. In conclusion, data presented here could increase the knowledge of ApoE3 activity and be a starting point for the study of the impact of variations on APOE gene.
Quaternary fluvial terraces of the Tiber Valley: geochronologic and geometric constraints on the back-arc magmatism-related uplift in central Italy
Authors: Marra Fabrizio , Florindo Fabio , Petronio Carmelo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThrough a geomorphological study relying on statistically assessed classes of hilltop elevations, we reconstruct a suite of paleo-surfaces along the Tiber River Valley north of Rome that we identify as fluvial terraces formed by interplay between global sea-level fluctuations and regional upift. Using biostratigraphic constraints provided by marine through continental deposits of Santernian age, we recognize the oldest terrace in this area, corresponding to an early coastal plain of late Santernian-Emilian age. By assuming the simple chronological principle of a staircase geometry we correlate the sea-level highstands of MIS 21 through MIS 5 with the lowest eight paleo-surfaces. By plotting against time the cumulated terrace elevations and the average elevation of the Santernian coastline in the investigated area, we detect rates of uplift during the last 1.8 Ma. Two major pulses of uplift are recognized 0.86 through 0.5 Ma, and 0.25 Ma through the Present, which are interpreted as driven by the subduction process and uprising of metasomatized magma bodies on the Tyrrhenian Sea Margin of central Italy, superimposied on a smaller isostatic component of uplift.
Positive regulatory role of sound vibration treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana against Botrytis cinerea infection
Authors: Choi Bosung , Ghosh Ritesh , Gururani Mayank Anand , Shanmugam Gnanendra , Jeon Junhyun , Kim Jonggeun , Park Soo-Chul , Jeong Mi-Jeong , Han Kyung-Hwan , Bae Dong-Won , Bae Hanhong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSound vibration (SV), a mechanical stimulus, can trigger various molecular and physiological changes in plants like gene expression, hormonal modulation, induced antioxidant activity and calcium spiking. It also alters the seed germination and growth of plants. In this study, we investigated the effects of SV on the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana against Botrytis cinerea infection. The microarray analysis was performed on infected Arabidopsis plants pre-exposed to SV of 1000 Hertz with 100 decibels. Broadly, the transcriptomic analysis revealed up-regulation of several defense and SA-responsive and/or signaling genes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of selected genes also validated the induction of SA-mediated response in the infected Arabidopsis plants pre-exposed to SV. Corroboratively, hormonal analysis identified the increased concentration of salicylic acid (SA) in the SV-treated plants after pathogen inoculation. In contrast, jasmonic acid (JA) level in the SV-treated plants remained stable but lower than control plants during the infection. Based on these findings, we propose that SV treatment invigorates the plant defense system by regulating the SA-mediated priming effect, consequently promoting the SV-induced resistance in Arabidopsis against B. cinerea.
Quantum realization of the bilinear interpolation method for NEQR
Authors: Zhou Ri-Gui , Hu Wenwen , Fan Ping , Ian Hou 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn recent years, quantum image processing is one of the most active fields in quantum computation and quantum information. Image scaling as a kind of image geometric transformation has been widely studied and applied in the classical image processing, however, the quantum version of which does not exist. This paper is concerned with the feasibility of the classical bilinear interpolation based on novel enhanced quantum image representation (NEQR). Firstly, the feasibility of the bilinear interpolation for NEQR is proven. Then the concrete quantum circuits of the bilinear interpolation including scaling up and scaling down for NEQR are given by using the multiply Control-Not operation, special adding one operation, the reverse parallel adder, parallel subtractor, multiplier and division operations. Finally, the complexity analysis of the quantum network circuit based on the basic quantum gates is deduced. Simulation result shows that the scaled-up image using bilinear interpolation is clearer and less distorted than nearest interpolation.
Targeted radionuclide therapy with astatine-211: Oxidative dehalogenation of astatobenzoate conjugates
Authors: Teze David , Sergentu Dumitru-Claudiu , Kalichuk Valentina , Barbet Jacques , Deniaud David , Galland Nicolas , Maurice Rémi , Montavon Gilles 
Published: May 2017

Abstract211At is a most promising radionuclide for targeted alpha therapy. However, its limited availability and poorly known basic chemistry hamper its use. Based on the analogy with iodine, labelling is performed via astatobenzoate conjugates, but in vivo deastatination occurs, particularly when the conjugates are internalized in cells. Actually, the chemical or biological mechanism responsible for deastatination is unknown. In this work, we show that the C−At “organometalloid” bond can be cleaved by oxidative dehalogenation induced by oxidants such as permanganates, peroxides or hydroxyl radicals. Quantum mechanical calculations demonstrate that astatobenzoates are more sensitive to oxidation than iodobenzoates, and the oxidative deastatination rate is estimated to be about 6 × 106 faster at 37 °C than the oxidative deiodination one. Therefore, we attribute the “internal” deastatination mechanism to oxidative dehalogenation in biological compartments, in particular lysosomes.