bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mood instability and impulsivity as trait predictors of suicidal thoughts
Authors: Peters Evyn M. , Balbuena Lloyd , Marwaha Steven , Baetz Marilyn , Bowen Rudy 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesImpulsivity, the tendency to act quickly without adequate planning or concern for consequences, is a commonly cited risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviour. There are many definitions of impulsivity and how it relates to suicidality is not well understood. Mood instability, which describes frequent fluctuations of mood over time, is a concept related to impulsivity that may help explain this relationship. The purpose of this study was to determine whether impulsivity could predict suicidal thoughts after controlling for mood instability.MethodsThis study utilized longitudinal data from the 2000 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (N = 2,406). There was a time interval of 18 months between the two waves of the study. Trait impulsivity and mood instability were measured with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis II Personality Disorders. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate baseline impulsivity and mood instability as predictors of future suicidal thoughts.ResultsImpulsivity significantly predicted the presence of suicidal thoughts, but this effect became non‐significant with mood instability included in the same model.ConclusionsImpulsivity may be a redundant concept when predicting future suicidal thoughts if mood instability is considered. The significance is that research and therapy focusing on mood instability along with impulsivity may be useful in treating the suicidal patient.Practitioner points

Mood instability and impulsivity both predict future suicidal thoughts.

Impulsivity does not predict suicidal thoughts after controlling for mood instability.

Assessing and treating mood instability could be important aspects of suicide prevention and risk management.
Timing of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination after cardiac surgery
Authors: Takanashi Manabu , Ogata Shohei , Honda Takashi , Nomoto Keiko , Mineo Eri , Kitagawa Atsushi , Ando Hisashi , Kimura Sumito , Nakahata Yayoi , Oka Norihiko , Miyaji Kagami , Ishii Masahiro 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe best time for vaccination in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery is unclear, but it is important to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection in infants with CHD after CPB surgery. To identify the best time for Hib vaccination in infants with CHD after CPB surgery, we investigated the immunological status, and the efficacy and safety of Hib vaccination after CPB surgery.MethodsSixteen subjects who underwent surgical correction of ventricular septal defect with CPB were investigated. Immunological status and cytokines were analyzed before surgery, 2 months after surgery, and before Hib booster vaccination. Hib‐specific IgG was also measured to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination.ResultsImmunological status before and 2 months after surgery (e.g. whole blood cells and lymphocyte subset profile) was within the normal range and no subjects had hypercytokinemia. Additionally, all subjects who received Hib vaccination at 2–3 months after CPB surgery had effective serum Hib‐specific IgG level for protection against Hib infection without any side‐effects.ConclusionsCPB surgery does not influence acquired immunity and Hib vaccination may be immunologically safe to perform at 2 months after CPB surgery. Hib vaccination at 2–3 months after CPB surgery was effective in achieving immunization for infants with simple left–right shunt‐type CHD.
Using chromosomal data in the phylogenetic and molecular dating framework: karyotype evolution and diversification in Nierembergia (Solanaceae) influenced by historical changes in sea level
Authors: Acosta M. C. , Moscone E. A. , Cocucci A. A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractKaryotype data within a phylogenetic framework and molecular dating were used to examine chromosome evolution in Nierembergia and to infer how geological or climatic processes have influenced in the diversification of this solanaceous genus native to South America and Mexico. Despite the numerous studies comparing karyotype features across species, including the use of molecular phylogenies, to date relatively few studies have used formal comparative methods to elucidate chromosomal evolution, especially to reconstruct the whole ancestral karyotypes. Here, we mapped on the Nierembergia phylogeny one complete set of chromosomal data obtained by conventional staining, AgNOR‐, C‐ and fluorescent chromosome banding, and fluorescent in situ hybridisation. In addition, we used a Bayesian molecular relaxed clock to estimate divergence times between species. Nierembergia showed two major divergent clades: a mountainous species group with symmetrical karyotypes, large chromosomes, only one nucleolar organising region (NOR) and without centromeric heterochromatin, and a lowland species group with asymmetrical karyotypes, small chromosomes, two chromosomes pairs with NORs and centromeric heterochromatin bands. Molecular dating on the DNA phylogeny revealed that both groups diverged during Late Miocene, when Atlantic marine ingressions, called the ‘Paranense Sea’, probably forced the ancestors of these species to find refuge in unflooded areas for about 2 Myr. This split agrees with an increased asymmetry and heterochromatin amount, and decrease in karyotype length and chromosome size. Thus, when the two Nierembergia ancestral lineages were isolated, major divergences occurred in chromosomal evolution, and then each lineage underwent speciation separately, with relatively minor changes in chromosomal characteristics.
Red blood cell transfusion is associated with further bleeding and fresh‐frozen plasma with mortality in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Subramaniam Kavitha , Spilsbury Katrina , Ayonrinde Oyekoya T. , Latchmiah Faye , Mukhtar Syed A. , Semmens James B. , Leahy Michael F. , Olynyk John K. 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUNDBlood products are commonly transfused for patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB). While concerns exist about further bleeding and mortality in subsets of patients receiving red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, the impact of non‐RBC blood products has not previously been systematically investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between blood products transfusion, further bleeding, and mortality after acute NVUGIB.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA retrospective cohort study examined further bleeding and 30‐day and 1‐year mortality in adult patients who underwent gastroscopy for suspected acute NVUGIB between 2008 and 2010 in three tertiary hospitals in Western Australia. Survival analysis was performed.RESULTSA total of 2228 adults (63% male) with 2360 hospital admissions for NVUGIB met the inclusion criteria. Median age at presentation was 70 years (range, 19–99 years). Thirty‐day mortality was 4.9% and 1‐year mortality was 13.9%. Transfusion of 4 or more units of RBCs was associated with greater than 10 times the odds of further bleeding in patients with a hemoglobin level of more than 90 g/L (odds ratio, 11.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1‐45.7; p ≤ 0.001), but was not associated with mortality. Administration of 5 or more units of fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) was associated with increased 30‐day (hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3‐5.9; p = 0.008) and 1‐year (hazard ratio, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3‐5.0; p = 0.005) mortality after adjusting for coagulopathy, comorbidity, Rockall score, and other covariates.CONCLUSIONIn this large, multicenter study of NVUGIB, RBC transfusion was associated with further bleeding but not mortality, while FFP transfusion was associated with increased mortality in a subset of patients.
Mathematical model and calculation to predict the effect of prophylactic plasma transfusion on change in international normalized ratio in critically ill patients with coagulopathy
Authors: Pham Huy P. , Müller Marcella C. , Williams Lance A. , Juffermans Nicole P. 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUNDPlasma transfusion is often used prophylactically in patients with coagulopathy. However, the doses transfused may not be adequate to normalize hemostatic tests, which are commonly used as surrogate markers in practice. Currently, there is no reliable way to predict the posttransfusion international normalized ratio (INR) after plasma transfusion. Therefore, our aim was to develop and validate a formula that can reliably estimate post–plasma transfusion INR.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA compartmental model was developed using demographic (sex, height, weight) and laboratory variables (hematocrit [Hct], INRinitial, and plasma volume transfused). The formula was validated using a data set from a multicenter trial conducted between May 2010 and June 2013 in critically ill, nonbleeding patients with coagulopathy, receiving prophylactic plasma transfusions. INR was measured just before and immediately after plasma transfusion.RESULTSInitial plasma volume is calculated using the patient's Hct and blood volume (derived from Nadler's formula). The estimated immediate posttransfusion INR is then calculated as
urn:x-wiley:00411132:media:trf13447:trf13447-math-0001
There was a significant agreement between the model predictions and the actual INR measurements after transfusion. A total of 83% of the predictions were within the acceptable range of variation. Furthermore, there was no proportional difference or systemic bias between the predictions and the actual INR measurements.CONCLUSIONThis mathematical formula estimates posttransfusion INR after a certain volume of plasma transfusion with a good predictive ability. This formula, which only requires basic demographic and laboratory variables, may help the physicians to determine the volume of plasma required for a specific target INR in stable, nonbleeding patients.
The effect of stationary versus rocked storage of whole blood on red blood cell damage and platelet function
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Glackin Emily M. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Alarcon Louis H. , Murdock Alan , Sperry Jason 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUNDIncreasingly, cold‐stored whole blood (WB) is being considered for the resuscitation of civilian trauma patients. It is unclear whether the WB should be agitated to enhance the function of the platelets (PLTs) or whether agitation will cause RBC damage.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWB units were collected by standard procedures using a PLT‐sparing inline leukoreduction filter and stored between 1 and 6°C. On Storage Day 3 each unit was divided into 4 subunits that were stored under one of the following conditions for 21 days: unrocked, manually rocked once daily, continuously rocked end over end, or continuously rocked horizontally. From Day 3 to Day 10, hemolysis and the mechanical fragility index (MFI) for RBC injury were measured daily and again on Days 15 and 21 (n = 9‐16 units tested each time). On Days 4 and 10, rapid thromboelastogram (rTEG) measurements were performed (n = 8‐10 units tested each time).RESULTSHemolysis and MFI increased significantly between Day 3 and Day 21 (p < 0.0001) for all RBC rocking conditions, as well as the unrocked units. Only the manually and horizontally rocked units demonstrated higher hemolysis (on Day 21) and MFI (starting on Day 10) compared to the unrocked units. Only the α‐angle and maximum amplitude in the end‐over‐end rocked units increased significantly between Day 4 and Day 10. There were no significant differences between the rocked and unrocked units on Day 10 for any rTEG variable.CONCLUSIONSRocking does not appear to enhance in vitro PLT activity in cold‐stored WB and can lead to increased hemolysis.
Design of a Novel Flexible Endoscope—Cardioscope
Authors: Li Zheng , Zin Oo Min , Nalam Varun , Duc Thang Vu , Ren Hongliang , Kofidis Theodoros , Yu Haoyong 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel flexible endoscope (FE) which is well suited to minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS). It is named the cardioscope. The cardioscope is composed of a handle, a rigid shaft, a steerable flexible section, and the imaging system. The flexible section is composed of an elastic tube, a number of spacing disks, a constraint tube, and four wires. It employs the constrained wire-driven flexible mechanism (CWFM) with a continuum backbone, which enables the control of both the angulation and the length of the flexible section. Compared to other endoscopes, e.g., rigid endoscope (RE) and fixed-length FE, the cardioscope is much more dexterous. The cardioscope can bend over 180 deg in all directions, and the bending is decoupled from the distal tip position. Ex vivo tests show that the cardioscope is well suited to MICS. It provides much wider scope of vision than REs and provides good manipulation inside confined environments. In tests, the cardioscope successfully explored the full heart through a single hole, which shows that the design is promising. Despite being designed for MICS, the cardioscope can also be applied to other minimally invasive surgeries (MISs), such as laparoscopy, neurosurgery, transnasal surgery, and transoral surgery.
Triton Hodge Test: Improved Protocol for Modified Hodge Test for Enhanced Detection of NDM and Other Carbapenemase Producers
Authors: Pasteran Fernando , Gonzalez Lisandro J. , Albornoz Ezequiel , Bahr Guillermo , Vila Alejandro J. , Corso Alejandra 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Accurate detection of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli is of utmost importance for the control of nosocomial spread and the initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. The modified Hodge test (MHT), a carbapenem inactivation assay, has shown poor sensitivity in detecting the worldwide spread of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM). Recent studies demonstrated that NDM is a lipoprotein anchored to the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, unlike all other known carbapenemases. Here we report that membrane anchoring of β-lactamases precludes detection of carbapenemase activity by the MHT. We also show that this limitation can be overcome by the addition of Triton X-100 during the test, which allows detection of NDM. We propose an improved version of the assay, called the Triton Hodge test (THT), which allows detection of membrane-bound carbapenemases with the addition of this nonionic surfactant. This test was challenged with a panel of 185 clinical isolates (145 carrying known carbapenemase-encoding genes and 40 carbapenemase nonproducers). The THT displayed test sensitivity of >90% against NDM-producing clinical isolates, while improving performance against other carbapenemases. Ertapenem provided the highest sensitivity (97 to 100%, depending on the type of carbapenemase), followed by meropenem (92.5 to 100%). Test specificity was not affected by the addition of Triton (87.5% and 92.5% with ertapenem and meropenem, respectively). This simple inexpensive test confers a large improvement to the sensitivity of the MHT for the detection of NDM and other carbapenemases.
Rapid and Accurate Determination of Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Types in Klebsiella pneumoniae with a Novel PCR-Based O-Genotyping Method
Authors: Fang Chi-Tai , Shih Yun-Jui , Cheong Cheng-Man , Yi Wen-Ching 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
, a Gram-negative bacillus that causes life-threatening infections in both hospitalized patients and ambulatory persons, can be classified into nine lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen serotypes. The O-antigen type has important clinical and epidemiological significance. However,
K. pneumoniae
O serotyping is cumbersome, and the reagents are not commercially available. To overcome the limitations of conventional serotyping methods, we aimed to create a rapid and accurate PCR method for
K. pneumoniae
O genotyping. We sequenced the genetic determinants of LPS O antigen from serotypes O1, O2a, O2ac, O3, O4, O5, O8, O9, and O12. We established a two-step genotyping scheme, based on the two genomic regions associated with O-antigen biosynthesis. The first set of PCR primers, which detects alleles at the
wzm-wzt
loci of the
wb
gene cluster, distinguishes between O1/O2, O3, O4, O5, O8, O9, and O12. The second set of PCR primers, which detects alleles at the
wbbY
region, further differentiates between O1, O2a, and O2ac. We verified the specificity of O genotyping against the O-serotype reference strains. We then tested the sensitivity and specificity of O genotyping in
K. pneumoniae
, using the 56 K-serotype reference strains with known O serotypes determined by an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). There is a very good correlation between the O genotypes and classical O serotypes. Three discrepancies were observed and resolved by nucleotide sequencing—all in favor of O genotyping. The PCR-based O genotyping, which can be easily performed in clinical and research microbiology laboratories, is a rapid and accurate method for determining the LPS O-antigen types of
K. pneumoniae
isolates.
Automated Scoring of Chromogenic Media for Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Use of WASPLab Image Analysis Software
Authors: Faron Matthew L. , Buchan Blake W. , Vismara Chiara , Lacchini Carla , Bielli Alessandra , Gesu Giovanni , Liebregts Theo , van Bree Anita , Jansz Arjan , Soucy Genevieve , Korver John , Ledeboer Nathan A. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Recently, systems have been developed to create total laboratory automation for clinical microbiology. These systems allow for the automation of specimen processing, specimen incubation, and imaging of bacterial growth. In this study, we used the WASPLab to validate software that discriminates and segregates positive and negative chromogenic methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) plates by recognition of pigmented colonies. A total of 57,690 swabs submitted for MRSA screening were enrolled in the study. Four sites enrolled specimens following their standard of care. Chromogenic agar used at these sites included MRSASelect (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Redmond, WA), chromID MRSA (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France), and CHROMagar MRSA (BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD). Specimens were plated and incubated using the WASPLab. The digital camera took images at 0 and 16 to 24 h and the WASPLab software determined the presence of positive colonies based on a hue, saturation, and value (HSV) score. If the HSV score fell within a defined threshold, the plate was called positive. The performance of the digital analysis was compared to manual reading. Overall, the digital software had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 90.7% with the specificity ranging between 90.0 and 96.0 across all sites. The results were similar using the three different agars with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity ranging between 90.7 and 92.4%. These data demonstrate that automated digital analysis can be used to accurately sort positive from negative chromogenic agar cultures regardless of the pigmentation produced.
Plasmalyte: No Longer a Culprit in Causing False-Positive Galactomannan Test Results
Authors: Spriet Isabel , Lagrou Katrien , Maertens Johan , Willems Ludo , Wilmer Alexander , Wauters Joost 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
False-positive galactomannan (GM) results have been reported in patients treated with gluconate-containing solutions, such as Plasmalyte. The GM optical density index was tested on 33 distinct batches of Plasmalyte and was found to be negative in all of the batches, confirming that Plasmalyte is no longer a cause of false-positive GM results.
Preclinical Assessment of a Fully Automated Multiplex PCR Panel for Detection of Central Nervous System Pathogens
Authors: Hanson K. E. , Slechta E. S. , Killpack J. A. , Heyrend C. , Lunt T. , Daly J. A , Hemmert A. C. , Blaschke A. J. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
We evaluated a multiplexed PCR panel for the detection of 16 bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid. Panel results were compared to routine testing, and discrepancies were resolved by additional nucleic acid amplification tests or sequencing. Overall, the positive and negative agreements across methods were 92.9% and 91.9%, respectively.
Ultrafast Assessment of the Presence of a High-Risk Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain in a Population
Authors: Pérez-Lago Laura , Herranz Marta , Comas Iñaki , Ruiz-Serrano María Jesús , López Roa Paula , Bouza Emilio , García-de-Viedma Darío 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

A persistent 8-year infection by a Beijing
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strain from a previous outbreak after importation from West Africa obliged us to investigate secondary cases. We developed a multiplex PCR method based on whole-genome sequencing to target strain-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In 1 week, we analyzed 868 isolates stored over 6 years. Only 2 cases (immigrants from Guinea Conakry) harbored the strain, which ruled out transmission—despite opportunities—and challenged some of the advantages associated with Beijing strains.
In Vitro
Efficacy of Nonantibiotic Treatments on Biofilm Disruption of Gram-Negative Pathogens and an
In Vivo
Model of Infectious Endometritis Utilizing Isolates from the Equine Uterus
Authors: Ferris Ryan A. , McCue Patrick M. , Borlee Grace I. , Loncar Kristen D. , Hennet Margo L. , Borlee Bradley R. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

In this study, we evaluated the ability of the equine clinical treatments
N
-acetylcysteine, EDTA, and hydrogen peroxide to disrupt
in vitro
biofilms and kill equine reproductive pathogens (
Escherichia coli
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, or
Klebsiella pneumoniae
) isolated from clinical cases.
N
-acetylcysteine (3.3%) decreased biofilm biomass and killed bacteria within the biofilms of
E. coli
isolates. The CFU of recoverable
P. aeruginosa
and
K. pneumoniae
isolates were decreased, but the biofilm biomass was unchanged. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide (1%) decreased the biofilm biomass and reduced the CFU of
E. coli
isolates,
K. pneumoniae
isolates were observed to have a reduction in CFU, and minimal effects were observed for
P. aeruginosa
isolates. Chelating agents (EDTA formulations) reduced
E. coli
CFU but were ineffective at disrupting preformed biofilms or decreasing the CFU of
P. aeruginosa
and
K. pneumoniae
within a biofilm. No single nonantibiotic treatment commonly used in equine veterinary practice was able to reduce the CFU and biofilm biomass of all three Gram-negative species of bacteria evaluated. An
in vivo
equine model of infectious endometritis was also developed to monitor biofilm formation, utilizing bioluminescence imaging with equine
P. aeruginosa
isolates from this study. Following infection, the endometrial surface contained focal areas of bacterial growth encased in a strongly adherent “biofilm-like” matrix, suggesting that biofilms are present during clinical cases of infectious equine endometritis. Our results indicate that Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the equine uterus are capable of producing a biofilm
in vitro
, and
P. aeruginosa
is capable of producing biofilm-like material
in vivo
.