bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE DETECTION OF A HOT MOLECULAR CORE IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD WITH ALMA
Authors: Shimonishi Takashi , Onaka Takashi , Kawamura Akiko , Aikawa Yuri 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the first detection of a hot molecular core outside our Galaxy based on radio observations with ALMA toward a high-mass young stellar object (YSO) in a nearby low metallicity galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Molecular emission lines of CO, C17O, HCO+, H13CO+, H2CO, NO, SiO, H2CS, 33SO, 32SO2, 34SO2, and 33SO2 are detected from a compact region (∼0.1 pc) associated with a high-mass YSO, ST11. The temperature of molecular gas is estimated to be higher than 100 K based on rotation diagram analysis of SO2 and 34SO2 lines. The compact source size, warm gas temperature, high density, and rich molecular lines around a high-mass protostar suggest that ST11 is associated with a hot molecular core. We find that the molecular abundances of the LMC hot core are significantly different from those of Galactic hot cores. The abundances of CH3OH, H2CO, and HNCO are remarkably lower compared to Galactic hot cores by at least 1–3 orders of magnitude. We suggest that these abundances are characterized by the deficiency of molecules whose formation requires the hydrogenation of CO on grain surfaces. In contrast, NO shows a high abundance in ST11 despite the notably low abundance of nitrogen in the LMC. A multitude of SO2 and its isotopologue line detections in ST11 imply that SO2 can be a key molecular tracer of hot core chemistry in metal-poor environments. Furthermore, we find molecular outflows around the hot core, which is the second detection of an extragalactic protostellar outflow. In this paper, we discuss the physical and chemical characteristics of a hot molecular core in the low metallicity environment.
Pediatric Keratoconus in a Tertiary Referral Center: Incidence, Presentation, Risk Factors, and Treatment
Authors: el-Khoury Sylvain , Abdelmassih Youssef , Hamade Adib , Slim Elise , Cherfan Carole G. , Chelala Elias , Bleik Jamal , Jarade Elias F. 
Published: August 2016

PURPOSE:
To report the incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, and treatment outcome of pediatric keratoconus in a tertiary referral eye hospital in Beirut, Lebanon.

METHODS:
In this retrospective study, the authors evaluated all patients with keratoconus 14 years or younger newly diagnosed at the Beirut Eye Specialist Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon, between January 2010 and December 2014. The incidence of pediatric keratoconus among all pediatric patients and among patients with keratoconus of all ages was assessed. Patients with pediatric keratoconus were evaluated for keratoconus stage, initial presentation, uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), corneal topography, and pachymetry. Patients were classified according to different treatment regimen groups and different follow-up visits were evaluated.

RESULTS:
During 5 years, 16,808 patients were examined, of whom 2,972 were 14 years or younger. A total of 541 patients were diagnosed as having keratoconus; of those, 16 were 14 years or younger at the time of diagnosis. Hence, the incidence of keratoconus was 0.53% among pediatric patients and 3.78% among adult patients (> 14 years). Initial presentation was during routine checkup (1 of 16) for allergic conjunctivitis (3 of 16), reduced vision (10 of 16), and corneal hydrops (mimicking keratitis) (2 of 16). Except for 2 patients lost to follow-up, all eyes received corneal cross-linking treatment and 16 eyes received additional intracorneal ring segment implantation.

CONCLUSIONS:
The incidence of pediatric keratoconus indicates that increased awareness for keratoconus among children is needed, mainly in cases of family history of keratoconus, ocular allergy/pruritus, poor CDVA, corneal hydrops, and/or high astigmatism.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2016;32(8):534–541.]
TLR2 Activation Limits Rhinovirus-Stimulated CXCL-10 by Attenuating IRAK-1–Dependent IL-33 Receptor Signaling in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ganesan Shyamala , Pham Duc , Jing Yaxun , Farazuddin Mohammad , Hudy Magdalena H. , Unger Benjamin , Comstock Adam T. , Proud David , Lauring Adam S. , Sajjan Uma S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are the major target for rhinovirus (RV) infection and express proinflammatory chemokines and antiviral cytokines that play a role in innate immunity. Previously, we demonstrated that RV interaction with TLR2 causes ILR-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1) depletion in both airway epithelial cells and macrophages. Further, IRAK-1 degradation caused by TLR2 activation was shown to inhibit ssRNA-induced IFN expression in dendritic cells. Therefore, in this study, we examined the role of TLR2 and IRAK-1 in RV-induced IFN-β, IFN-λ1, and CXCL-10, which require signaling by viral RNA. In airway epithelial cells, blocking TLR2 enhanced RV-induced expression of IFNs and CXCL-10. By contrast, IRAK-1 inhibition abrogated RV-induced expression of CXCL-10, but not IFNs in these cells. Neutralization of IL-33 or its receptor, ST2, which requires IRAK-1 for signaling, inhibited RV-stimulated CXCL-10 expression. In addition, RV induced expression of both ST2 and IL-33 in airway epithelial cells. In macrophages, however, RV-stimulated CXCL-10 expression was primarily dependent on TLR2/IL-1R. Interestingly, in a mouse model of RV infection, blocking ST2 not only attenuated RV-induced CXCL-10, but also lung inflammation. Finally, influenza- and respiratory syncytial virus–induced CXCL-10 was also found to be partially dependent on IL-33/ST2/IRAK-1 signaling in airway epithelial cells. Together, our results indicate that RV stimulates CXCL-10 expression via the IL-33/ST2 signaling axis, and that TLR2 signaling limits RV-induced CXCL-10 via IRAK-1 depletion at least in airway epithelial cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the role of respiratory virus–induced IL-33 in the induction of CXCL-10 in airway epithelial cells.
THE CYCLE OF PHOSPHORUS IN A PLANKTON BLOOM IN THE GULF OF MAINE1
Authors: Ketchum Bostwick H. , Corwin Nathaniel 
Published: August 2016

The cycle of phosphorus was studied in detail during the spring bloom of phytoplankton in the Gulf of Maine in April 1964. A parachute drogue was placed at a depth of 10 m so that the movement of the surface water could be Followed. Five stations were occupied (luring an interval of 24 hr on 8–9 April when the drogue was launched and another five stations at the location of the drogue were occupied 10 days later on 17–18 April. During this interval, the drogue had drifted to the southward about 63 km. Because the isopycnal surfaces below 50 m sloped upwards from the first to the final set of stations, the distribution of properties is compared on surfaces of equal density. Particulate, dissolved organic, and inorganic phosphorus were determined on all samples. There was a considerable decrease in inorganic and an increase of both particulate and dissolved organic phosphorus in the surface waters during this time. Much of the particulate phosphorus formed had sunk below the 50‐m cuphotic zone to the deeper waters. The data permit estimates of the exerction of organic phosphorus in the euphotic zone and of the decomposition of this fraction in the deeper water. Below about 136 m, there was no net change in any of the fractions of phosphorus and the change in total phosphorus for the entire water column was essentially zero.Measurements were made of the distribution of oxygen and of chlorophyll at these two times, which permit the computation of the primary production from the changes in phosphorus, oxygen, and chlorophyll. The average rate for the 10‐day period was slightly more than 2 g C m‐2 day‐1. The rate of exchange of oxygen across the sea surface has been computed from these data and gives an exchange coefficient somewhat smaller than had been previously observed. The relationship between the changes of phosphorus, oxygen, and chlorophyll in primary production in the euphotic zone and in the decomposition processes in the deeper water are discussed. Both the chlorophyll and the particulate phosphorus data give indications of the sinking of particulate matter during the bloom. The sinking particles contain an unusually high proportion of chlorophyll compared to phosphorus.
SALINITY AND FAUNAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE POCASSET RIVER, MASSACHUSETTS1
Authors: Sanders H. L. , Mangelsdorf P. C. , Hampson G. R. 
Published: August 2016

During the summer of 1963 and the spring of 1965, a study was made comparing the subtidal sediment salinities with those of the immediately overlying water in a small estuary north of Woods Hole, the Pocasset River, and relating these findings to the distribution of the estuarine fauna. The estuary is a fluctuating type with a nearly constant river flow. At each location, there are pronounced though precise fluctuations of the water salinity with tidal periodicity. Bottom waters show periods of highly saline, essentially marine water and periods of nearly freshwater, separated by abrupt and brief transitional periods throughout the upper half of the estuary. The low salinity phase is longer at the upper end of the estuary and the high salinity phase gradually predominates as one proceeds seaward. In contrast to the marked fluctuation in bottom salinity, the salinities in the sediments are stable and constant, with each station having its own characteristic salinity that gradually increases from the uppermost reaches to the mouth.This salinity regime has a marked effect on the distribution of the benthic fauna. The epifauna, subjected to the extreme salinity fluctuation and rapid and extreme salinity changes, is poorly represented, particularly in the upper part of the estuary. The infauna, living under much more stable salinity conditions, make up the vast majority of the fauna. The periodic short‐term fluctuations in the water salinity stabilize the sediment salinities and subject the infauna to less physiological stress than that imposed on the epifauna. A brackish water fauna dominates the uppermost part of the estuary. The fauna is transitional in a zone where the sediment salinities vary from 19 to 22%. At higher sediment salinity values, lower in the estuary, the marine element predominates.Animals collected from the transitional zone were exposed in the laboratory to low and high salinity water obtained from the same locality at low and high tide, respectively, and to a control salinity duplicating the average sediment salinity of the zone. There were four patterns of response: 1) stress symptoms and death usually in less than 24 hr; 2) stress symptoms and recovery; 3) behavioral response; and 4) normal, identical activity in the low, high, and control salinity water. These responses were related to the depth distribution patterns of the species, sediment salinities, and redox potential values at the collecting site.
Tau-Proportionate Form of Congeneric Covariance Structure
Authors: Maiti Saran Ishika 
Published: August 2016

From the view point of constructing a composite possessing the largest possible common covariability with all of its constituent tests, the concept of the best equi-covariable composite (BEC) has been introduced. When the covariance matrix of the constituent tests are so structured that its row (column) totals are all equal, the corresponding BEC is shown to be reducible to simple aggregated (or averaged) test. Under the purview of congeneric tests, it is shown that there exists a special form termed tau-proportionate congeneric form in which case the simple aggregated (or averaged) test is not only the BEC but also the most reliable composite. Statistical techniques of the estimation of parameters, testing and goodness-of-fit of the such structure are considered with the aid of an illustrative example.
O CASO DA TERRAPLANAGEM BARBOSA
Authors: Dias Tiago Farias , Angnes Derli Luís , Wegner Douglas 
Published: August 2016

<p>Este caso para ensino tem como objetivo subsidiar alunos de cursos de graduação e pósgraduação no processo de decisão de viabilidade de investimento a partir de uma análise financeira e econômica de um empreendimento do setor de prestação de serviços. A análise de viabilidade reduz os riscos inerentes ao investimento de capital e proporciona informações relevantes para a tomada de decisão em negócios. Considerando esse aspecto, o caso para ensino propõe a realização de um estudo de viabilidade econômica de um empreendimento em terraplenagem, com base em um caso verídico de consultoria financeira empresarial em uma cidade do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Ao final do caso, o aluno é instigado a analisar a viabilidade do negócio, por meio das atividades propostas nas notas de ensino. </p><p> </p>
Enhancement of mobility in ultra-thin-body GeOI p-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors with Si-passivated back interfaces
Authors: Chang Wen-Hsin , Irisawa Toshifumi , Ishii Hiroyuki , Hattori Hiroyuki , Takagi Hideki , Kurashima Yuichi , Maeda Tatsuro 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Ultra-thin-body (UTB) germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) substrates with Si-passivated back interfaces have been fabricated by using advanced epitaxial-lift-off (ELO) technology. Performance of UTB GeOI p-MOSFETs with body thickness (T
body) in the 4–16 nm range has also been characterized. Si-passivated back interfaces have been fabricated and found to be effective in mitigating the unpleasant hole-mobility degradation in the UTB GeOI regime owing to the suppression of the back interface scattering.
High rate capability of a BaTiO3-decorated LiCoO2 cathode prepared via metal organic decomposition
Authors: Teranishi Takashi , Katsuji Naoto , Yoshikawa Yumi , Yoneda Mika , Hayashi Hidetaka , Kishimoto Akira , Yoda Koji , Motobayashi Hidefumi , Tasaki Yuzo 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Metal organic decomposition (MOD) using octylic acid salts was applied to synthesize a BaTiO3–LiCoO2 (BT–LC) composite powder. The Ba and Ti octylates were utilized as metal precursors, in an attempt to synthesize homogeneous BT nanoparticles on the LC matrix. The BT–LC composite, having a phase-separated composite structure without any impurity phase, was successfully obtained by optimizing the MOD procedure. The composite prepared using octylate precursors exhibited a sharper distribution and better dispersibility of decorated BT particles. Additionally, the average particle size of the decorated BTs using metal octylate was reduced to 23.3 nm, compared to 44.4 nm from conventional processes using Ba acetate as well as Ti alkoxide as precursors. The composite cathode displayed better cell performance than its conventional counterpart; the discharge capacity of the metal octylate-derived specimen was 55.6 mAh/g at a 50C rate, corresponding to 173% of the capacity of the conventional specimen (32.2 mAh/g). The notable improvement in high rate capability obtained in this study, compared with the conventional route, was attributed to the higher density of the triple junction formed by the BT–LC–electrolyte interface.
Atmospheric river landfall‐latitude changes in future climate simulations
Authors: Shields Christine A. , Kiehl Jeffrey T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe latitude of landfall for atmospheric rivers (ARs) is examined in the fully coupled half‐degree version of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) for warm future climate simulations. Two regions are examined: U.S. West Coast/North Pacific ARs and United Kingdom/North Atlantic ARs. Changes in AR landfall‐latitude reflect changes in the atmospheric steering flow. West Coast U.S. ARs are projected to push equatorward in response to the subtropical jet climate change. UK AR response is dominated by eddy‐driven jets and is seasonally dependent. UK simulated AR response is modest in the winter with the largest relative changes occurring in the seasonal transition months. Precipitation associated with ARs is also projected to increase in intensity under global warming. CCSM4 projects a marked shift to higher rainfall rates for Southern California. Small to modest rainfall rates may increase for all UK latitudes, for the Pacific Northwest, and central and northern California.
Interhemispheric differences in seasonal cycles of tropospheric ozone in the marine boundary layer: Observation‐model comparisons
Authors: Derwent Richard G. , Parrish David D. , Galbally Ian E. , Stevenson David S. , Doherty Ruth M. , Young Paul J. , Shallcross Dudley E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMarine boundary layer ozone seasonal cycles have been quantified by fitting the sum of two sine curves through monthly detrended observations taken at three stations: Mace Head, Ireland, and Trinidad Head, California, in the Northern Hemisphere and Cape Grim, Tasmania, in the Southern Hemisphere. The parameters defining the sine curve fits at these stations have been compared with those from a global Lagrangian chemistry‐transport model and from 14 Atmospheric Chemistry Coupled Climate Model Intercomparison Project chemistry‐climate models. Most models substantially overestimated the long‐term average ozone levels at Trinidad Head, while they performed much better for Mace Head and Cape Grim. This led to an underestimation of the observed (North Atlantic inflow‐North Pacific inflow) difference. The models generally underpredicted the magnitude of the fundamental term of the fitted seasonal cycle, most strongly at Cape Grim. The models more accurately reproduced the observed second harmonic terms compared to the fundamental terms at all stations. Significant correlations have been identified between the errors in the different models' estimates of the seasonal cycle parameters; these correlations may yield further insights into the causes of the model‐measurement discrepancies.
Stochastic high‐order internal model‐based adaptive TILC with random uncertainties in initial states and desired reference points
Authors: Chi Ronghu , Lin Na , Zhang Ruikun , Huang Biao , Feng Yuanjing 
Published: August 2016

SummaryMany practical batch processes operate repetitively in industry and lack intermediate measurements for the interested process variables. Moreover, the initial states as well as the desired product objective often vary with different runs because of the existence of many uncertainties in practice. This work proposes a novel adaptive terminal iterative learning control method to deal with random uncertainties in desired terminal points and initial states. The run‐varying initial states are formulated by a stochastic high‐order internal model, which is further incorporated into the controller design. The desired terminal output is run dependent and is directly compensated like a feedback term in the controller. Only the system output at the endpoint of an operation is utilized to update the control signal. An estimation algorithm is designed to update the system Markov parameters as a whole. No explicit model information is involved in the controller design; thus, the proposed method is data driven and can be applied to nonlinear systems directly. Both the theoretical analysis and the simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach under random initial states and iteration‐varying referenced terminal points. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The economics of growing shrub willow as a bioenergy buffer on agricultural fields: A case study in the Midwest Corn Belt
Authors: Ssegane Herbert , Zumpf Colleen , Cristina Negri M. , Campbell Patty , Heavey Justin P. , Volk Timothy A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLandscape design has been embraced as a promising approach to holistically balance multiple goals related to environmental and resource management processes to meet future provisioning and regulating ecosystem services needs. In the agricultural context, growing bioenergy crops in specific landscape positions instead of dedicated fields has the potential to improve their sustainability, provide ecosystem services, and minimize competition with other land uses. However, growing bioenergy crops in sub‐productive or environmentally vulnerable parts of a field implies more complex logistics as small amounts of biomass are generated in a distributed way across the landscape. We present a novel assessment of the differences in production and logistic costs between business as usual (BAU, dedicated fields), and distributed landscape production of shrub, or short‐rotation willow for bioenergy within a US Midwestern landscape. Our findings show that regardless of the mode of cropping, BAU or landscape design, growing shrub willows is unlikely to provide positive revenues (−$67 to –$303 ha−1 yr−1 at a biomass price of $46.30 Mgwet−1) because of high land rental costs in this agricultural region. However, when translated into a practice cost per unit of N removed at the watershed scale (range: $1.8–37.0 kg N−1 yr−1), the net costs are comparable to other conservation practices. The projected opportunity cost of growing willows instead of corn on underproductive areas varied between –$14 and $49 Mgwet−1. This highlights the potential for willows to be a cost effective choice depending on the intra‐field grain productivity, biomass price and desirable concurrent ecosystem services. © 2016 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromatographic method for clobetasol propionate determination in hair follicles and in different skin layers
Authors: Ângelo Tamara , Cunha‐Filho Marcílio S. S. , Gelfuso Guilherme M. , Gratieri Tais 
Published: August 2016

AbstractClobetasol propionate (CLO) is a potent steroid used for the treatment of several dermatological diseases. Recent studies suggest its additional use in alopecia topical treatment, generating a demand for novel formulations with specific delivery into hair follicles. Hence, a selective analytical method for drug quantification in follicular structures and skin layers is required. For this, a simple HPLC‐UV method was developed. Quantification was performed using a RP‐C18 column (4.6 mm × 15 cm, 5 μm), with a mixture of methanol–acetonitrile–water (50:15:35 v/v) as mobile phase, a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, oven temperature of 30°C, injection volume of 50 μL and detection at 240 nm. The optimized conditions enabled a 12 min running with CLO elution at 10.1 min and resolution of 2.424 from skin matrix interferences. Validation was performed in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and fulfilled the criteria of selectivity, linearity (0.5–15.0 μg/mL), robustness, precision, accuracy and limits of detection and quantification (0.02 and 0.07 μg/mL, respectively). The validated method was successfully applied for CLO quantification following in vitro skin permeation experiments and differential tape‐stripping for hair follicle deposition determination, demonstrating its suitability.