bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older consumers’ perceptions of functional foods and non‐edible health‐enhancing innovations
Authors: Puhakka Riikka , Valve Raisa , Sinkkonen Aki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIncreasing interest in health and well‐being is likely to drive a growth in demand for products that have positive effects on health. Consumers’ acceptance of and willingness to buy functional foods has been widely studied, but there has not been research on consumers’ attitudes towards innovative non‐edible products with health effects. This study examines how older consumers perceive functional foods and novel non‐edible health‐enhancing products, how willing they are to purchase such products, and how health orientation influences their views. As an example of a ‘radical’ innovation, consumers’ acceptance of rubbing their hands in a specific soil‐based mixture to modulate the immune system is explored. The research material, 13 thematic interviews, was collected in Lahti region, Finland, in 2015. The study indicates that the older consumers’ market is not homogeneous. Based on a qualitative, in‐depth approach, the study distinguishes four consumer segments with different lay understandings of health and attitudes towards health‐enhancing products, which influence people's willingness to purchase such products. The segments are health‐seeking consumers, cautious consumers, critical consumers and natural health consumers. Various motives and barriers for using products with health claims are also identified. The case of rubbing hands in organic soil‐based mixture indicates the difficulty of predicting which consumer segment will first adopt this kind of ‘radical’ innovation. The results highlight that the credence qualities of a novel product must be communicated and advertised before entering the market while also taking into account the sensory properties of the product. ‘Radical innovations’ must be in a form that consumers can easily accept.
Factor XIII deficiency diagnosis: Challenges and tools
Authors: Karimi M. , Peyvandi F. , Naderi M. , Shapiro A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFactor XIII deficiency (FXIIID) is a rare hereditary bleeding disorder arising from heterogeneous mutations, which can lead to life‐threatening hemorrhage. The diagnosis of FXIIID is challenging due to normal standard coagulation assays requiring specific FXIII assays for diagnosis, which is especially difficult in developing countries. This report presents an overview of FXIIID diagnosis and laboratory methods and suggests an algorithm to improve diagnostic efficiency and prevent missed or delayed FXIIID diagnosis. Assays measuring FXIII activity: The currently available assays utilized to diagnose FXIIID, including an overview of their complexity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity, as well as mutational analysis are reviewed. The use of a FXIII inhibitor assay is described. Diagnostic tools in FXIIID: Many laboratories are not equipped with quantitative FXIII activity assays, and if available, limitations in lower activity ranges are important to consider. Clot solubility tests are not standardized, have a low sensitivity, and are therefore not recommended as routine screening test; however, they are the first screening test in almost all coagulation laboratories in developing countries. To minimize the number of patients with undiagnosed FXIIID, test quality should be improved in less well‐equipped laboratories. Common country‐specific mutations may facilitate diagnosis through targeted genetic analysis in reference laboratories in suspected cases. However, genetic analysis may not be feasible in every country and may miss spontaneous mutations. Centralized FXIII activity measurements should also be considered. An algorithm for diagnosis of FXIIID including different approaches dependent upon laboratory capability is proposed.
Partial nephrectomy for small children: Robot‐assisted versus open surgery
Authors: Ballouhey Quentin , Binet Aurélien , Clermidi Pauline , Braik Karim , Villemagne Thierry , Cros Jérôme , Lardy Hubert , Fourcade Laurent 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo compare the outcomes of robot‐assisted heminephrectomy for duplex kidney in children with those of open heminephrectomy.MethodsThe present retrospective multicentric analysis reviewed the records of robot‐assisted versus open heminephrectomy carried out for duplex kidney in children from 2007 to 2014. Demographic data, weight, surgical time, hospital stay, complications and outcome were recorded. Follow up was based on a clinical review, renal sonography and dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy.ResultsA total of 15 patients underwent robot‐assisted heminephrectomy, and 13 patients underwent retroperitoneal heminephrectomy by open approach. All patients weighed <15 kg. The mean age at the time of surgery was 20.2 months (range 7–39 months) in the robotic group, and 18.4 months (range 6–41 months) in the open group. The mean hospital stay was statistically longer for the open surgery group (6.3 days, range 5–8 days vs 3.4 days, range 1–7 days; P < 0.001). Regarding postoperative pain control, total morphine equivalent intake was statistically greater for the open group (0.52 mg/kg/day vs 1.08 mg/kg/day; P < 0.001). No patient lost the remaining healthy moiety. There was no significant difference in terms of operating time, complication rate or renal outcomes.ConclusionsRobot‐assisted heminephrectomy in small children seems to offer comparable renal outcomes with those of its standard open surgery counterpart. Specific technical adjustments are necessary, which typically increase the set‐up time.
Dimensions of life satisfaction: Immigrant and ethnic minorities
Authors: Kushnirovich Nonna , Sherman Arie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe article investigates the dimensions of life satisfaction of immigrant and ethnic minorities comparing them with the majority population. It constructs a theoretical framework, taking into account both pecuniary and non‐pecuniary dimensions of welfare. This study is based on the data of the Social Survey, administered by the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics. Immigrants in this study are regarded as a migrant minority and Israeli‐born Arab citizens as an ethnic minority. The results reveal significant life satisfaction gaps between the groups, which can be partially explained by the value of work per se and the value of leisure activities. Applying the Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition technique, the study revealed that the gap in life satisfaction could be attributed both to the differences in pecuniary and non‐pecuniary resources for each group, and to different returns on resources. Policy targeted on increasing the economic possibilities of minority groups would decrease the life satisfaction gaps.
Highly‐skilled Migration from China and India to Canada and the United States
Authors: Lo Lucia , Li Wei , Yu Wan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUsing publicly available data, this article aims to understand how immigration policies in Canada and the United States have affected the flow and utilization of highly‐skilled migrants from China and India. Reviewing existing literature on the policies about, and utilization of, human capital among highly‐skilled migrants, and describing the policy contexts in both receiving countries, we present detailed empirical evidence to show that in spite of their higher education attainment than the general population and the total foreign‐born population, China‐ and India‐born migrants are not immune from the brain waste phenomenon. This is especially so among the India‐born. We end the article with policy implications for both countries.
Free Movement in the European Union: National Institutions vs Common Policies?
Authors: Ruhs Martin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe current rules for “free movement” in the European Union (EU) facilitate unrestricted intra‐EU labour mobility and equal access to national welfare states for EU workers. The sustainability of this policy has recently been threatened by divisive debates between EU countries about the need to restrict welfare benefits for EU workers. This article develops a theory for why the current free movement rules might present particular challenges for certain EU member states. It focuses on the potential roles of three types of national institutions and social norms in determining national policy positions on free movement in the EU15 states: labour markets (especially their “flexibility”); welfare states (especially their “contributory basis”); and citizenship norms (focusing on the “European‐ness” of national identities). I show that these institutions and norms vary across member states and explain why we can expect these differences to contribute to divergent national policy preferences for reforming free movement.
Labour Migration Policy in Russia: Considerations on Governmentality
Authors: Malakhov Vladimir S. , Simon Mark E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe authors argue that Russian migration policy reflects the functioning of contemporary Russia's entire bureaucratic machine. The bureaucracy's Soviet‐era governance techniques on the one hand and the material interests of particular pressure groups on the other, shape the manipulation of immigration regulation that has occurred since the early 2000s. Therefore, attempts to liberalize migration regulation, i.e., to simplify the legalization of foreign workers, have always been incoherent, accompanied by reservations and limitations. Additionally, Russian actions are riddled with conflict between ‘geopolitical’ and domestic policy rationales. The authorities’ occasional attempts to use immigration regulation as a foreign policy tool acquire primarily symbolic value in the ‘domestic political market’ rather than serving any instrumental purpose. The effort to enhance Russian influence in the post‐Soviet space through the ‘reintegration project’ (Eurasian Economic Union) collides with the goal of national labour market protection, since integration entails the removal of barriers to labour movement.
Immune recognition of irradiated cancer cells
Authors: Wennerberg Erik , Vanpouille‐Box Claire , Bornstein Sophia , Yamazaki Takahiro , Demaria Sandra , Galluzzi Lorenzo 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIonizing irradiation has been extensively employed for the clinical management of solid tumors, with therapeutic or palliative intents, for decades. Until recently, radiation therapy (RT) was believed to mediate antineoplastic activity mostly (if not only) as a consequence of cancer cell‐intrinsic effects. Indeed, the macromolecular damage imposed to malignant cells by RT initiates one or multiple signal transduction cascades that drive a permanent proliferative arrest (cellular senescence) or regulated cell death. Both these phenomena show a rather linear dose‐response correlation. However, RT also mediates consistent immunological activity, not only as an “on‐target effect” originating within irradiated cancer cells, but also as an “off‐target effect” depending on the interaction between RT and stromal, endothelial, and immune components of the tumor microenvironment. Interestingly, the immunological activity of RT does not exhibit linear dose‐response correlation. Here, we discuss the mechanisms whereby RT alters the capacity of the immune system to recognize and eliminate irradiated cancer cells, either as an “on‐target” or as on “off‐target” effect. In particular, we discuss the antagonism between the immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects of RT as we delineate combinatorial strategies to boost the former at the expenses of the latter.
Missing in action—The meaning of cell death in tissue damage and inflammation
Authors: Muñoz Luis E. , Leppkes Moritz , Fuchs Tobias A. , Hoffmann Markus , Herrmann Martin 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBillions of cells die every day in higher organisms as part of the normal process of tissue homeostasis. During special conditions like in development, acute infections, mechanical injuries, and immunity, cell death is a common denominator and it exerts profound effects in the outcome of these scenarios. To prevent the accumulation of aged, superfluous, infected, damaged and dead cells, professional phagocytes act in a rapid and efficient manner to clear the battle field and avoid spread of the destruction. Neutrophils are the most abundant effector immune cells that extravasate into tissues and can turn injured tissues into gory battle fields. In peace times, neutrophils tend to patrol tissues without provoking inflammatory reactions. We discuss in this review actual and forgotten knowledge about the meaning of cell death during homeostatic processes and drive the attention to the importance of the action of neutrophils during patrolling and for the maintenance or recovery of the homeostatic state once the organism gets attacked or injured, respectively. In this fashion, we disclose several disease conditions that arise as collateral damage of physiological responses to death.
The long pentraxin PTX3: A prototypical sensor of tissue injury and a regulator of homeostasis
Authors: Erreni Marco , Manfredi Angelo A. , Garlanda Cecilia , Mantovani Alberto , Rovere‐Querini Patrizia 
Published: October 2017

SummaryTissue damage frequently occurs. The immune system senses it and enforces homeostatic responses that lead to regeneration and repair. The synthesis of acute phase molecules is emerging as a crucial event in this program. The prototypic long pentraxin PTX3 orchestrates the recruitment of leukocytes, stabilizes the provisional matrix in order to facilitate leukocyte and stem progenitor cells trafficking, promotes swift and safe clearance of dying cells and of autoantigens, limiting autoimmunity and protecting the vasculature. These non‐redundant actions of PTX3 are necessary for the resolution of inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted the mechanisms by which PTX3 adapts the functions of innate immune cells, orchestrates tissue repair and contributes to select the appropriate acquired immune response in various tissues. Conversely, PTX3 continues to be produced in diseases where the inflammatory response does not resolve. It is therefore a valuable biomarker for more precise and personalized stratification of patients, often independently predicting clinical evolution and outcome. There is strong promise for novel therapies based on understanding the mechanisms with which PTX3 plays its homeostatic role, especially in regulating leukocyte migration and the resolution of inflammatory processes.
Extracellular nucleosides and nucleotides as immunomodulators
Authors: Kepp Oliver , Loos Friedemann , Liu Peng , Kroemer Guido 
Published: October 2017

SummarySome anticancer agents induce immunogenic cell death that is accompanied by the emission of danger signals into the tumor microenvironment, thus attracting and activating innate immune effectors and finally inducing anticancer immunity. The release of extracellular nucleosides such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the tumor in response to anticancer therapy plays a pivotal role in the attraction of antigen presenting cells and the activation of inflammasome‐mediated proinflammatory cascades. In contrast, the ectonucleotidase‐catalyzed phosphohydrolysis of nucleotides to nucleosides reduces the extracellular availability of nucleotides, hence limiting the recruitment and activation of antigen‐presenting cells. In addition, the (over‐)production of nucleosides including adenosine by ectonucleotidases located on cancer cells and regulatory T cells can induce immunosuppression, as adenosine directly inhibits the proliferation and activation of effector T cells. Here, we discuss the importance of death metabolites for immunomodulation in general, and the role of the purine nucleotide ATP and its derivative adenosine in particular. In addition, we provide an overview on therapeutic interventions that reinstate tumor immunogenicity in conditions where nucleotide‐dependent immunostimulation is obstructed.
Immunomodulation by ionizing radiation—impact for design of radio‐immunotherapies and for treatment of inflammatory diseases
Authors: Frey Benjamin , Rückert Michael , Deloch Lisa , Rühle Paul F. , Derer Anja , Fietkau Rainer , Gaipl Udo S. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIonizing radiation is often regarded as an element of danger. But, danger responses on the cellular and molecular level are often beneficial with regard to the induction of anti‐tumor immunity and for amelioration of inflammation. We outline how in dependence of radiation dose and fraction, radiation itself—and especially in combination with immune modulators—impacts on the innate and adaptive immune system. Focus is set on radiation‐induced changes of the tumor cell phenotype and the cellular microenvironment including immunogenic cancer cell death. Mechanisms how anti‐tumor immune responses are triggered by radiotherapy in combination with hyperthermia, inhibition of apoptosis, the adjuvant AnnexinA5, or vaccination with high hydrostatic pressure‐killed autologous tumor cells are discussed. Building on this, feasible multimodal radio‐immunotherapy concepts are reviewed including overcoming immune suppression by immune checkpoint inhibitors and by targeting TGF‐β. Since radiation‐induced tissue damage, inflammation, and anti‐tumor immune responses are interconnected, the impact of lower doses of radiation on amelioration of inflammation is outlined. Closely meshed immune monitoring concepts based on the liquid biopsy blood are suggested for prognosis and prediction of cancer and non‐cancer inflammatory diseases. Finally, challenges and visions for the design of cancer radio‐immunotherapies and for treatment of benign inflammatory diseases are given.
Necroptotic cell death in anti‐cancer therapy
Authors: Krysko Olga , Aaes Tania Løve , Kagan Valerian E. , D'Herde Katharina , Bachert Claus , Leybaert Luc , Vandenabeele Peter , Krysko Dmitri V. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryNecroptosis is one the best‐characterized forms of regulated necrosis. Necroptosis is mediated by the kinase activities of receptor interacting protein kinase‐1 and receptor interacting protein kinase‐3, which eventually lead to the activation of mixed lineage kinase domain‐like. Necroptosis is characterized by rapid permeabilization of the plasma membrane, which is associated with the release of the cell content and subsequent exposure of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines/chemokines. This release underlies the immunogenic nature of necroptotic cancer cells and their ability to induce efficient anti‐tumor immunity. Triggering necroptosis has become especially important in experimental cancer treatments as an alternative to triggering apoptosis because one of the hallmarks of cancer is the blockade or evasion of apoptosis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in necroptosis research and the functional consequences of necroptotic cancer cell death, with focus on its immunogenicity and its role in the activation of anti‐tumor immunity. Next, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of phosphatidylserine exposure during necroptosis and its role in the recognition of necroptotic cells. We also highlight the complex role of the necroptotic pathway in tumor promotion and suppression and in metastasis. Future studies will show whether necroptosis is truly a better strategy to overcome apoptosis resistance and provide the insights needed for development of novel treatment strategies for cancer.
The renaissance of anti‐neoplastic immunity from tumor cell demise
Authors: Ma Yuting , Pitt Jonathan M. , Li Qingqing , Yang Heng 
Published: October 2017

SummaryCancer therapies can temporarily reduce tumor burdens by inducing malignant cell death. However, cancer cure is still far from realization because tumors often gain resistance to current treatment and eventually relapse. Accumulating evidence suggests that successful cancer interventions require anti‐tumor immunity. Therapy‐induced cell stress responses ultimately result in one or more cell death modalities, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. These irreversible dying processes are accompanied by active or passive release of cell death‐associated molecular patterns (CDAMPs), which can be sensed by corresponding pattern recognition receptors (PRR) on tumor‐infiltrating immune cells. This crosstalk with the immune system can reawaken immune surveillance in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review focuses on immune‐modulatory properties of anti‐cancer regimens and CDAMP‐mediated communications between cell stress responses and the immune contexture of TME. In addition, we describe how immunogenic cell death can elicit strong and durable anti‐tumor immune responses.
Costly Long‐Short Strategies Under Short‐Sale Constraints: Chinese Evidence
Authors: Lu Timothy (Jun) , Ren Jinjuan , Zhao Yan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLong‐short portfolios based on market anomalies are subject to ubiquitous short‐sale constraints. Few studies directly quantify the impact of shorting on long‐short strategies, largely due to the complexity of the shorting practice. We examine the Chinese market, in which the scope of the short‐sale constraint and the shorting cost are clearly specified. Among size, value, and momentum strategies, we find that only size earns significant profits before short‐sale constraints are considered. Imposing the scope of short‐sale constraint by selling only shortable stocks does not materially change the profits. Deducting shorting costs, however, essentially wipes off all the profits of long‐short portfolios.
Thinking Drawing
Authors: Adams Eileen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article draws heavily on the author's critical autobiography: Eileen Adams: Agent of Change. It presents evidence of the value of drawing as a medium for learning, particularly in art and design, and argues that drawing is a useful educational tool. The premise is that drawing makes you think. This article explains various functions that drawing serves to prompt different kinds of thinking, and shares a framework that describes the purposes of drawing in supporting learning. It explains how action research was used to initiate change in the way teachers in schools and educators in other settings think about drawing, and how they might utilise it to support learning. It offers a glimpse of how evidence was generated, interpreted, validated and disseminated to illuminate practice and prompt development. It challenges teachers and researchers to create a fresh impetus for drawing as a medium for learning.
Development and validation of a reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction for tilapia lake virus detection in clinical samples and experimentally challenged fish
Authors: Tattiyapong P , Sirikanchana K , Surachetpong W 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging pathogen associated with high mortalities of wild and farm‐raised tilapia in different countries. In this study, a SYBR green‐based reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) assay targeting segment three of the virus was developed to detect and quantify TiLV in clinical samples and experimentally challenged fish. All 30 field samples with clinical signs and history consistent with TiLV infection were positive for TiLV as detected by the developed RT‐qPCR method. The RT‐qPCR technique provided 100 and 10,000 times more sensitive for virus detection than those offered by the RT‐PCR and virus isolation in cell culture methods, respectively. The detection limit of the RT‐qPCR method was as low as two viral copies/μl. Moreover, the RT‐qPCR technique could be applied for TiLV detection in various fish tissues including gills, liver, brain, heart, anterior kidney and spleen. Significantly, this study delivered an accurate and reliable method for rapid detection of TiLV viruses that facilitates active surveillance programme and disease containment.