bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE FINANCIAL IMPACT OF LENDER‐OF‐LAST‐RESORT BORROWING FROM THE FEDERAL RESERVE DURING THE FINANCIAL CRISIS
Authors: Blau Benjamin M. , Hein Scott E. , Whitby Ryan J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) was reluctant to release the names of firms that borrowed, and the amounts borrowed, from the emergency loan facilities during the financial crisis. We show that when the details of this information were finally made public by the Fed, there was no stock market reaction, contrary to the thought that this was valuable information. However, further investigation shows that stock returns for publicly traded borrowing institutions declined significantly and almost immediately after the Fed borrowing was initiated, although the information had not been made public by the Fed at the time. The underperformance of borrowing institutions was greatest for those that received the largest loans or had the largest amount of loans outstanding. This evidence is consistent with the idea that investors were able to trade on the information about the Fed's emergency loan program, although the Fed purposely tried to keep the information private.
SKEWNESS AND COSKEWNESS IN BOND RETURNS
Authors: Chiang I‐Hsuan Ethan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBond skewness and coskewness (i.e., bond return comovement with market volatility) are both time varying, with cross‐sectional variation driven by maturity and credit rating. Other things being equal, longer maturity bonds have lower skewness, and lower coskewness with respect to the bond market index; lower quality bonds have lower skewness, and higher coskewness with respect to the bond market index. Three‐moment bond alphas (which account for coskewness effects) are time varying and predictable by market default spread. They are significantly different from, and often are closer to zero than, two‐moment alphas (which ignore coskewness effects).
The amyloid cascade hypothesis: are we poised for success or failure?
Authors: Karran Eric , De Strooper Bart 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe first description of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was made in 1907 by Alois Alzheimer (Allgemeine Zeitschrift fur Psyciatrie und Psychisch‐Gerichtliche Medizin 64, 3, 1907), although other contemporary physicians had made similar, and rather more complete, assessments of the neuropathological changes present in the AD brain (Fischer, Monatsschr Psychiat Neurol 22, 17, 1907). Our knowledge of AD has increased dramatically and continues to accelerate. This year is 25 years after the publication of a series of papers that, in various ways, articulated the amyloid cascade hypothesis (ACH) for AD (Beyreuther and Masters, Brain Pathol 1, 241–251, 1991; Hardy and Allsop, Trends Pharmacol Sci 12, 383–388, 1991; Selkoe, Neuron 6, 487–498, 1991; Hardy and Higgins, Science 256, 184–185, 1992). This review will cover some familiar territory, but we shall also place the ACH into a wider context, compare it with other hypotheses for AD, explore the evolution of the hypothesis to encompass new findings, and determine, irrespective of the merits of the hypothesis itself, whether it has been useful for the research field, both in academia and in industry. Finally, we shall review how the ACH has led to a number of therapeutic approaches, all of which have, to date, failed to reach their primary efficacy end‐points in clinical trials and reflect upon what the future may hold.
image
We review the amyloid cascade hypothesis (ACH) and compare it with other hypotheses that have been posited to explain the initiation and progression Alzheimer's disease. We document the data that support the ACH, and also reflect upon its deficiencies. We list the recent clinical failures of amyloidocentric drugs and anticipate the results that new therapeutic approaches may deliver.This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
Predictors of coronary artery disease in middle‐aged Taiwanese women at premenopause, postmenopause and after undergoing hysterectomy
Authors: Tsai Ching‐Ching , Hsieh Ming‐Hsiung , Yang Hung‐Yu , Chan Paul , Jeng Chii 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine the predictors of coronary artery disease among middle‐aged women at various menopausal statuses.BackgroundFew studies have explored coronary artery disease predictors among middle‐aged women at various menopausal statuses, particularly with the inclusion of women who underwent a hysterectomy.DesignA cross‐sectional design was adopted.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty‐five middle‐aged women who were waiting for catheterisation examinations because of possible coronary artery disease were selected. These patients were divided into premenopausal (n = 41), postmenopausal (n = 143) and women who had undergone a hysterectomy groups (n = 41). The differences in the risk factors for coronary artery disease between patients with coronary artery disease (catheterisation results showing stenosis of >50% in at least one major coronary artery) and those without coronary artery disease in the three groups were compared.ResultsThe participants were aged 56·8 ± 5·9 years. In the premenopausal group, the odds of coronary artery disease among ever or current smokers was 8·46 times the odds of coronary artery disease for the never smokers. In the postmenopausal group, the odds of coronary artery disease among diabetes patients was 2·89 times the odds of coronary artery disease for those without diabetes. Each additional point on the Chinese Beck Depression Inventory‐II increased the risk of coronary artery disease by 5%. In the hysterectomy group, each additional increase in 1 mmHg in systolic blood pressure increased the risk of coronary artery disease by 4%.ConclusionsSmoking, diabetes, depression and systolic blood pressure are predictors of coronary artery disease in middle‐aged women at premenopause, postmenopause and after undergoing hysterectomy respectively.Relevance to clinical practiceThese results are beneficial for middle‐aged women at various menopausal stages to effectively implement prevention of coronary artery disease. These findings were among women being evaluated for possible coronary artery disease, we suggest the need for further study in lager, longitudinal studies.
Territory selection in the city: can birds reliably judge territory quality in a novel urban environment?
Authors: Minias P. , Janiszewski T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlthough territory selection is likely to be under strong natural selection, in many cases it might be impossible for individuals to judge territory quality directly in terms of fitness return. Thus, animals often rely on some indirect environmental cues in territory assessment and they may not be able to make optimal settlement decisions when subjected to a novel environment. The aim of this study was to investigate adaptiveness of territory selection in a newly established urban population (Łódź, central Poland) of a waterbird, the Eurasian coot Fulica atra. For this purpose, we correlated occupancy rate of urban breeding territories over a 7‐year period with basic fitness‐related traits of coots. We found that the average number of fledglings raised by Eurasian coots increased with territory occupancy, indicating that birds were able to reliably judge territory quality and to choose nest sites which maximized their reproductive success. This conclusion was supported by the fact that in the process of territory selection coots used a set of habitat cues important for successful nest concealment and brood safety. In contrast, we found that coots showed no preferences for territories which provided easy access to anthropogenic food resources (via public feeding of waterbirds) and there was no relationship between condition of adult birds and territory occupancy, suggesting that either: (1) brood safety was a more important component in territory assessment than food availability, or (2) birds were unable to reliably judge food resources in a novel urban landscape.
The decision to germinate is regulated by divergent molecular networks in spores and seeds
Authors: Vesty Eleanor F. , Saidi Younousse , Moody Laura A. , Holloway Daniel , Whitbread Amy , Needs Sarah , Choudhary Anushree , Burns Bethany , McLeod Daniel , Bradshaw Susan J. , Bae Hansol , King Brian Christopher , Bassel George W. , Simonsen Henrik Toft , Coates Juliet C. 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Dispersal is a key step in land plant life cycles, usually via formation of spores or seeds. Regulation of spore‐ or seed‐germination allows control over the timing of transition from one generation to the next, enabling plant dispersal. A combination of environmental and genetic factors determines when seed germination occurs. Endogenous hormones mediate this decision in response to the environment. Less is known about how spore germination is controlled in earlier‐evolving nonseed plants.

Here, we present an in‐depth analysis of the environmental and hormonal regulation of spore germination in the model bryophyte Physcomitrella patens (Aphanoregma patens).

Our data suggest that the environmental signals regulating germination are conserved, but also that downstream hormone integration pathways mediating these responses in seeds were acquired after the evolution of the bryophyte lineage. Moreover, the role of abscisic acid and diterpenes (gibberellins) in germination assumed much greater importance as land plant evolution progressed.

We conclude that the endogenous hormone signalling networks mediating germination in response to the environment may have evolved independently in spores and seeds. This paves the way for future research about how the mechanisms of plant dispersal on land evolved.
Unhealthy diets, obesity and time discounting: a systematic literature review and network analysis
Authors: Barlow Pepita , Reeves Aaron , McKee Martin , Galea Gauden , Stuckler David 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThere is an increasing policy commitment to address the avoidable burdens of unhealthy diet, overweight and obesity. However, to design effective policies, it is important to understand why people make unhealthy dietary choices. Research from behavioural economics suggests a critical role for time discounting, which describes how people's value of a reward, such as better health, decreases with delay to its receipt. We systematically reviewed the literature on the relationship of time discounting with unhealthy diets, overweight and obesity in Web of Science and PubMed. We identified 41 studies that met our inclusion criteria as they examined the association between time discount rates and (i) unhealthy food consumption; (ii) overweight and (iii) response to dietary and weight loss interventions. Nineteen out of 25 cross‐sectional studies found time discount rates positively associated with overweight, obesity and unhealthy diets. Experimental studies indicated that lower time discounting was associated with greater weight loss. Findings varied by how time discount rates were measured; stronger results were observed for food than monetary‐based measurements. Network co‐citation analysis revealed a concentration of research in nutrition journals. Overall, there is moderate evidence that high time discounting is a significant risk factor for unhealthy diets, overweight and obesity and may serve as an important target for intervention. © 2016 The Authors Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Association for the Study of Obesity (IASO)
Is there a link between dizziness and vision? A systematic review
Authors: Armstrong Deborah , Charlesworth Emily , Alderson Alison J. , Elliott David B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to investigate the link (if any) between vision and dizziness.MethodsMedline, CINAHL, AMED, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library were searched with keywords chosen to find articles which investigated the causes of dizziness and considered vision as a possible trigger. Citation chaining of all included papers was performed in addition to the hand searching of all reference lists. Unpublished literature was identified using www.opengrey.eu. The review considered studies involving adults which link, measure or attempt to improve any aspect of vision in relation to dizziness.ResultsNine thousand six hundred and eighty one possible references were found, and the abstracts were screened independently by two reviewers to determine if they should be included in the study. Thirteen papers were found which investigated whether dizziness was linked to an assessment of vision. Visual impairment measures were crude and typically self‐report, or Snellen visual acuity with little or no measurement details. Five studies found an independent link between dizziness and vision, five found a weak association (typically finding a link when univariate analyses were used, but not when multivariate analyses were used), and three found no association. Studies finding a strong link were usually cross‐sectional with a large study population whereas those finding a weak association had relatively small numbers of participants. Studies which did not find an association used a broad definition of dizziness that included the term light‐headedness, an unreliable Rosenbaum near visual acuity chart or an unusual categorisation of visual acuity.ConclusionsThis review suggests that dizziness (although likely not ‘light‐headedness’) is linked with poor vision although further studies using more appropriate measures of vision are recommended.
Impact of pretransplant minimal residual disease on the post‐transplant outcome of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Umeda Katsutsugu , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Kawaguchi Koji , Iwai Atsushi , Mikami Masamitsu , Nodomi Seishiro , Saida Satoshi , Heike Toshio , Ohomori Katsuyuki , Adachi Souichi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThere are few reports on the clinical significance of MRD before HSCT in pediatric ALL. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical significance of FCM‐based detection of MRD (FCM‐MRD) before allogeneic HSCT in pediatric ALL. Of 38 pediatric patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT for the first time between 1998 and 2014, 33 patients were in CR and five patients were in non‐CR. The CR group was further divided into two groups based on the pretransplant FCM‐MRD level: the MRDneg (<0.01%; 30 patients) group and the MRDpos (≥0.01%; three patients) group. There were significant differences in the three‐yr event‐free survival rates between the CR and non‐CR group, and between the MRDneg and MRDpos group. The three‐yr cumulative RI in the MRDneg group were 27.3% ± 8.8%, whereas two of the three patients in the MRDpos group relapsed within one yr after HSCT. The clinical outcome of the MRDpos group was as poor as that of the non‐CR group in pediatric ALL. Therefore, an improvement in pretransplant treatment that aims to achieve a more profound remission would contribute to reducing the risk of relapse.
Temporal rhythm of petal programmed cell death in Ipomoea purpurea
Authors: Gui M.‐Y. , Ni X.‐L. , Wang H.‐B. , Liu W.‐Z. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Flowers are the main sexual reproductive organs in plants. The shapes, colours and scents of corolla of plant flowers are involved in attracting insect pollinators and increasing reproductive success. The process of corolla senescence was investigated in Ipomoea purpurea (Convolvulaceae) in this study.

In the research methods of plant anatomy, cytology, cell chemistry and molecular biology were used.

The results showed that at the flowering stage cells already began to show distortion, chromatin condensation, mitochondrial membrane degradation and tonoplast dissolution and rupture. At this stage genomic DNA underwent massive but gradual random degradation. However, judging from the shape and structure, aging characteristics did not appear until the early flower senescence stage. The senescence process was slow, and it was completed at the late stage of flower senescence with a withering corolla.

We may safely arrive at the conclusion that corolla senescence of I. purpurea was mediated by programmed cell death (PCD) that occurred at the flowering stage. The corolla senescence exhibited an obvious temporal rhythm, which demonstrated a high degree of coordination with pollination and fertilization.
Egress! How technophilia can reinforce biophilia to improve ecological restoration
Authors: Buettel Jessie C. , Brook Barry W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFor effective and sustained ecological restoration, community support is essential. Yet, in modern society, artificial constructs and electronic technology now dominate most peoples' interests (technophilia). This has led to a perceived growing disconnection between humans and nature. We ask how such technology might be harnessed as an agent of connection to the environment, rather than being seen as a driver of detachment. We use the example of a hugely popular mobile augmented reality smartphone game “Ingress” to show how gaming technology can excite people about nature, unlock their inherent biophilia, and highlight the value of ecological restoration in their everyday lives.
Labor Unions and Minority Group Members’ Voter Turnout*
Authors: Kim Dukhong 
Published: June 2016

ObjectThis study examines the effects of labor union membership and labor unions’ mobilization efforts on minority group members’ participation in voting.MethodsIt uses a hierarchical linear model with data from the Current Population Survey (2000, 2004, and 2008) and state‐level information.ResultsThe analysis shows that the effect of union membership on voter turnout varies somewhat by racial and ethnic group. Also, it finds that labor unions’ mobilization efforts, measured by union density in states, significantly increase minority group members’ participation in voting more than it does that of whites. Finally, the effect of union density in states among Latinos changes significantly by political conditions.ConclusionLabor unions play an important role in assisting minority group members, who traditionally have been considered to lack resources as compared to whites, to participate in voting by engaging in voter mobilization at the state level as well as by increasing membership among minority members.
Tropheryma whipplei infection (Whipple's disease) in a patient after liver transplantation
Authors: Vindigni S.M. , Taylor J. , Quilter L.A.S. , Hyun T.S. , Liu C. , Rosinski S.L. , Rakita R.M. , Fredricks D.N. , Damman C.J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWhipple's disease (WD) is a rare infection caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei that can affect multiple organs and most commonly occurs in the immunocompetent host. Only 3 cases of WD have been reported in the setting of immunosuppression for organ transplantation. Here, we report the first case of WD, to our knowledge, in a patient after liver transplantation with comorbid graft‐versus‐host‐disease. We discuss the diagnostic challenges in this setting and the value of electron microscopy and in situ hybridization methods for confirming the infection. WD may be under‐diagnosed in immunosuppressed transplant patients because the disease can present with atypical clinical and histological features that suggest other conditions.
Fungal meningitis caused by Lomentospora prolificans after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Tamaki M. , Nozaki K. , Onishi M. , Yamamoto K. , Ujiie H. , Sugahara H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCentral nervous system lomentosporiosis is a rare pathological condition in immunocompromised patients. We describe a fatal case of meningitis caused by Lomentospora prolificans (which was previously named Scedosporium prolificans), after an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). To our knowledge, no cases of Lomentospora meningitis following allo‐HSCT have been reported previously. Particularly in neutropenic patients, it is important to consider L. prolificans when a fungal infection is suspected and antifungal agents are ineffective.
Stakeholder Participation in System Change: A New Conceptual Model
Authors: O'Rourke Tammy , Higuchi Kathryn S. , Hogg William 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundA recent change in Canada's primary care system led to the introduction of Nurse Practitioner‐Led clinics. The literature suggests that stakeholders can influence system change initiatives. However, very little is known about healthcare stakeholder motivations, particularly stakeholders who are seen as resistors to change.AimTo examine stakeholder participation in the system change process that led to the introduction of the first Nurse Practitioner‐Led clinic in Ontario.MethodsThis single case study included two site visits, semistructured individual tape‐recorded interviews, and the examination of relevant public documents. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsSixteen individuals from different healthcare sectors and professions participated in the interviews and 20 documents were reviewed. Six key themes emerged from the data.Linking Evidence to ActionThe findings from the study present a new perspective on stakeholder participation that includes both those who supported the proposed change and those who advocated for a different change. The findings identify stakeholder activities used to shape, share, and protect their visions for system change. The conceptual model presented in this study adds to the understanding of challenges and complexities involved in healthcare system change. Understanding why and how stakeholders participate in change can help healthcare leaders in planning activities to enhance stakeholder involvement in healthcare system change.
Simulation of Electric-Current-Induced Drowning Accident Scenarios for Boating Safety
Authors: Koko Tamunoiyala S. , Ayyub Bilal M. , Gallant Keith 
Published: June 2016

In the companion paper (Ayyub et al., 2016, “Risk Assessment Methodology for Electric-Current Induced Drowning Accidents,” ASCE-ASME J. Risk Uncertainty Eng. Syst. Part B Mech. Eng., 3(3), pp. XXX-XXX.), the authors developed a methodology to identify hazards associated with electric-current-induced drowning and electric shocks for swimmers around docks, houseboats, and other boats in both freshwater and saltwater; and to assess scenarios and risks associated with these hazards. This paper presents numerical simulations of the electric field and potential in the surrounding water for a number of these electric-current-induced drowning accident scenarios in support of boating safety studies. A boundary-element-based computational tool was employed. A combined experimental and numerical validation study was first undertaken. The tool was then used to compute the electric field and potential in the fluid surrounding the boat with and without a person in the surrounding field for four accident scenarios, including two scenarios with boat at dock in freshwater or saltwater; and two scenarios with boat offshore in freshwater or saltwater. Parametric studies were also undertaken, giving consideration to parameters such as the location of the human with respect to the boat and dock; nature of the water body (freshwater or saltwater); and intensity of the applied current (i.e., at source); and to establish general trends of electric potential and electric field due to the presence of an electric power source in water. The observations from the parametric study are useful for developing information for communicating these risks to swimmers, first responders, boat owners and operators, marina and boatyard owners, and other persons in the vicinity of boats.