bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Huang Lingmei , Zhao Danjie , Lin Haixia , Zheng Hong , Li Xia , Chen Long , Tang Peng 
Published: September 2024

Background:
To assess the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods:
A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Clinical Trials Website, and Cochrane Library databases, spanning from their inception until February 18, 2024. The review incorporated all randomized controlled trials examining upadacitinib’s efficacy in managing moderate to severe AD among adolescent patients. The methodological quality of the selected studies underwent thorough assessment utilizing the Cochrane systematic review methodology. Statistical analyses of the outcome measures were executed employing the Review Manager 5.3 software.

Results:
The meta-analysis encompassed 4 studies in total. Compared to placebo, upadacitinib at doses of both 15 and 30 mg was associated with a significant enhancement in the eczema area and severity index-75% ([odds ratio, OR = 11.06, 95% confidence interval, CI (6.78–18.04), P < .00001]; [OR = 21.73, 95% CI (12.73–37.11), P < .00001]), a reduction in the numerical rating scale of ≥4 ([OR = 6.16, 95% CI (3.56–10.64), P < .00001]; [OR = 10.58, 95% CI (6.12–18.29), P < .00001]), and improvement in the investigator’s global assessment to 0/1 ([OR = 8.85, 95% CI (4.86–16.10), P < .00001]; [OR = 21.43, 95% CI (11.64–39.46), P < .00001]). Regarding safety, upadacitinib at both 15 and 30 mg doses was linked to a statistically significant rise in the overall incidence of adverse events when juxtaposed with placebo ([OR = 1.57, 95% CI (1.01–2.44), P = .04]; [OR = 2.21, 95% CI (1.44–3.41), P = .0003]). Nevertheless, no statistically significant disparity was discovered in the occurrence of serious adverse events between upadacitinib and placebo ([OR = 1.02, 95% CI (0.27–3.84), P = .98]; [OR = 0.42, 95% CI (0.09–1.93), P = .26]).

Conclusion:
The findings from this meta-analysis indicate that upadacitinib demonstrates substantial effectiveness and tolerability in treating moderate to severe AD in adolescents. Moreover, upadacitinib provides a rapid reduction in pruritus and markedly ameliorates symptoms and signs, with the 30 mg dosage showing a more pronounced therapeutic effect relative to the 15 mg dosage.
Process Evaluation of a Pilot Food Insecurity Resource Navigation Program Integrated Within Pediatric Primary Care: Utilizing RE-AIM to Inform Program Scale-up
Authors: Stuenkel Mackenzie , Koob Caitlin , Richardson Emily , Smolens Nicole , Eicken Meredith , Amati J. Blakely , Sease Kerry 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation and effectiveness of a novel pediatric food navigation program through a structured, comprehensive evaluation using the RE-AIM framework.

Design and Participants:
Data were collected from October 2021 through August 2022 for 166 pediatric patients and their families who were screened as food insecure or high-risk for food insecurity and were referred to this pilot food resource navigation program (FRNP). A total of 88 patients’ guardians consented to participate in this FRNP, receiving initial service connection. Participants were contacted via telephone by trained navigators within this health system to assess food security status across three time points (baseline, follow-up 1 [1- <3 months], and follow-up 2 [3-6 months]) and facilitate connection to appropriate community-based resources related to food assistance.

Results:
In this sample, we had an overrepresentation of Hispanic patients and an underrepresentation of Non-Hispanic Black and White patients relative to the available clinic population. Patients participating in the navigation program showed incremental shifts toward food security from baseline to two follow-up points. Integration within primary care was supported by physician champions across participating clinics and alignment with systemwide, updated universal screening guidelines to support projected increases in families requiring connecting to assistance programs. Through this evaluation, a comprehensive list of community-based food resource programs related to food assistance was integrated into electronic documentation for navigators to alleviate navigator burden and sustain the effect of this FRNP’s implementation.

Conclusions:
These findings may be used to inform expansion of current programming efforts within this FRNP and to clarify process evaluations of broader health system-based programming. Further research, building on the findings of this pilot study, is needed to examine the longitudinal, causal effect of FRNPs in pediatric food security and long-term health outcomes for replication across health systems nationwide.
New Metabolomic Insights Into Cancer
Authors: Zhu Jiangjiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cancer has been marked by metabolic irregularities that fuel various aggressive activities such as rapid cell proliferation, evasion of the immune system, and spread to distant organs. Therefore, exploiting cancer metabolism for diagnosis, monitoring, or treatment has been extensively studied in the past couple of decades with various molecular and cellular techniques. More recently, investigating cancer diagnostics and treatments through advanced metabolomics has emerged, and these comprehensive approaches provide a holistic understanding of cancer metabolism, which supported the discovery of metabolic targets relevant across multiple cancer types and the development of more effective treatments. This study offers highlights of new knowledge on cancer metabolism enabled by recent metabolomics studies and their potential applications in aiding cancer research and predicting cancer treatment outcomes. Specifically, we discussed the use of advanced metabolomics in cancer metabolism, tumor microenvironment, and cancer immunotherapy studies to provide valuable insights that can shape future research efforts in the dynamic field of cancer metabolism research.
Forehead shape analysis following surgical and conservative treatment in metopic synostosis: a 3D photogrammetry analysis
Authors: Tio Pauline A.E , Abdel Alim Tareq , Roshchupkin Gennady , Versnel S.L. , Pleumeekers Mieke M. , van Veelen Marie-Lise C. , Mathijssen Irene M.J. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The aim of this study is to describe and compare head shape in surgically and conservatively treated patients using 3D photogrammetry.

Methods:
A retrospective review (2017-2020) of consecutive patients with isolated metopic synostosis based on 3D photogrammetry was conducted at the age of 4 years old. Images were aligned using a healthy age-matched template, and mean head shapes were reconstructed to evaluate shape development. A comparative sub-analysis based on phenotype was performed between patients that have been treated surgically and conservatively.

Results:
44 patients with isolated metopic synostosis were included: 22 received conservative treatment and 22 underwent fronto-orbital advancement. At 4 years of age the surgical group showed retrusion of the complete frontal area, while the conservative group showed a slight frontal prominence. Both groups showed temporal depression with respect to the control. In the sub-analysis, a similar degree of temporal depression was observed between surgical and conservative treatment. Head shape patterns showed considerable similarity across all severity phenotypes.

Conclusion:
This study shows a deviation in forehead shape from normal controls in patients with metopic synostosis following both surgical and conservative treatment by the age of 4 years. Comparison between surgical and conservative treatment shows a similar degree of temporal depression, a slight prominence in the center of the forehead in the conservative group, and retrusion of the entire frontal area in the surgical group. This observed difference is of considerable similarity across all severity types.

Level of evidence (therapeutic):
III
Pediatric Firearm Deaths and State Policies on Social, Emotional, and Academic Development
Authors: Hatchimonji Justin S , Haddad Diane N , Scantling Dane R , Kaufman Elinore J , Hatchimonji Danielle R 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
To determine whether state-level SEAD policies are associated with pediatric firearm homicides and suicides.

Summary Background Data:
Firearm deaths continue to rise among United States (US) children. School-based efforts to promote social, emotional, and academic development (SEAD) may be a means to reduce such deaths, but state-level policies vary and the effect on firearm deaths is unknown.

Methods:
We used Education Trust data regarding state-level SEAD policies, averaging 6 domains to create a cumulative score and investigating each domain individually. The primary outcomes were pediatric firearm homicides and suicides, using covariates from the American Community Survey and State Firearm Laws database. We mapped SEAD policies and pediatric death rates. Poisson regression was used to investigate associations between SEAD policies and pediatric firearm deaths.

Results:
Annual statewide pediatric firearm deaths ranged from 0.85 to 7.81 per 100,000; homicides from 0.64 to 5.69, and suicides from 0.21 to 4.75. Univariate analyses demonstrated associations between SEAD scores and both homicides (P=0.003) and suicides (P=0.032), but these were nonsignificant after adjustment. Professional Development and Engagement policies were associated with lower rates of pediatric firearm homicides after adjustment (IRR=0.33, P=0.004 and IRR=0.46, P=0.014, respectively). There was no significant association between any domain and pediatric firearm suicide.

Conclusion:
Professional Development and Student, Family and Community Engagement policies are associated with lower rates of pediatric firearm homicides, however, there was no significant association between pediatric firearm deaths and summary SEAD measures after adjustment. Certain SEAD policies may be helpful in decreasing pediatric firearm deaths.
Dongia sedimenti sp. nov., isolated from river sediment
Authors: Jiang Xueting , Ruan Luyao , Wu Ningning , Mao Dongmei , He Jian , Wang Shimei , Jiang Jiangdong , Shen Qirong 
Published: September 2024

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming and strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated R-7T, was isolated from river sediment in Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China. Cells (1.6–3.8 µm long and 0.6–0.8 µm wide) were slightly curved to straight rods and motile by means of a polar flagellum. The strain grew optimally on Reasoner's 2A medium at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 1.0% (w/v) NaCl. Strain R-7T exhibited closest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Dongia mobilis CGMCC 1.7660T (95.4%), D. rigui 04SU4-PT (94.6%) and D. soli D78T (93.8%). The phylogenetic trees based on genomic and 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R-7T was clustered in the genus Dongia. The obtained average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between R-7T and the three type strains of the genus Dongia were 73.4, 72.8 and 72.4% and 19.5, 19.0 and 18.7%, respectively. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids and nine unidentified polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids (>5% of the total) were cyclo-C19 : 0
ω8c, C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 2-OH. The DNA G+C content was 65.5 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain R-7T represents a novel species of the genus Dongia, for which the name Dongia sedimenti sp. nov. is proposed, with strain R-7T (=KCTC 8082T=MCCC 1K08805T) as the type strain.
Effects of host heterogeneity on epidemiological dynamics are mediated by how host infectiousness is determined
Authors: Cohen Jacob A. , Dean Andrew D. , Viney Mark E. , Fenton Andy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is well established that heterogeneities in host susceptibility and infectiousness can affect population-level parasite transmission. However, the role played by the underlying ‘infectiousness determination scenario’, or how infectious a newly infected host (the ‘recipient’) becomes upon infection, in mediating the effects of host heterogeneity on parasite transmission is unknown.Broadly, host infectiousness may be an inherent, pre-determined trait of the recipient (which we call ‘Recipient-Dependent’ (RD)), or it may be determined by the infectiousness of the ‘donor’ host that infected them (which we call ‘Donor-Dependent’ (DD)). To investigate how these alternative infectiousness determination scenarios mediate the epidemiological consequences of host heterogeneity we developed two Susceptible-Infected compartmental models which incorporate host heterogeneity in both susceptibility and infectiousness, under the contrasting RD and DD scenarios. We then quantified how changing initial population-level heterogeneity affected three epidemiological measures in each case: the basic reproduction number (R0), temporal changes in heterogeneity, and equilibrium host abundance. We found that the primary driver ofR0differs between the two scenarios – covariance between host susceptibility and infectiousness drivesR0in the RD scenario, versus maximum infectiousness in the DD scenario. Heterogeneity stayed the same over time in both scenarios, though there were differences between the scenarios in the consequences of host heterogeneity on equilibrium host abundance. Overall, the findings we present demonstrate that the infectiousness determination scenario can change epidemiological outcomes considerably and should be accounted for when modelling host heterogeneities in parasite transmission.
Global trends in occupational disease reporting: a systematic review
Authors: Khoe Levina Chandra , Saldi Siti Rizny Fitriana , Isbayuputra Marsen , Mansyur Muchtaruddin , Wiseman Virginia , Asante Augustine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundDisease reporting is often unreliable and faces many challenges, making it difficult to estimate the true burden of occupational diseases, defined as any disease that is caused by the work activity or environment. This study aimed to assess the global reporting and underreporting rate of occupational diseases, and to identify the factors affecting the underreporting of occupational diseases.MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, this study searched Medline (PubMed), CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, WHO Institutional Repository for Information Sharing (IRIS) database, Dimensions, and Google Scholar. We used search terms related to reporting and underreporting of occupational diseases or illnesses. The selected records were screened, and data extracted using the Covidence software tool. Screening and quality assessment were conducted by two independent researchers and finalized by a third researcher. The quality of the evidence was assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. This study is registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42023417814.ResultsA total of 121 studies from 29 countries were identified, all coming from high-income and upper-middle-income countries. The incidence rate of occupational disease varied widely, ranging between 1.71 to 1,387 per 100,000 employees yearly. The highest number of annual cases was reported in the agricultural sector (ranging from 33 to 6,431), followed by the health sector (146 to 5,508), and then the construction sector (264). Two studies evaluated rates of underreporting, which varied from 50% to 95%. The main factor contributing to underreporting was employee concerns about job security.ConclusionsThe results reveal a significant gap in the reporting of occupational diseases among high-income and low-middle-income countries. This review also identifies variations in reporting mechanisms across different countries. Our findings highlight the need to establish a national system for reporting occupational diseases that engages employers, employees, and healthcare providers.
Temperature-dependent predation predicts a more reptilian future
Authors: Grady John M. , Amme Jacob L. , Bhaskaran-Nair Kiran , Sinha Varun , Brunwasser Samuel J. , Record Sydne , Dell Anthony I. , Hengen Keith B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiversity increases toward the tropics, but the strength of this pattern diverges with thermo-regulatory strategy. Synthesizing over 30,000 species distributions, we quantified patterns of richness in terrestrial vertebrates, and present evidence for a latitudinal gradient of community composition. We observe a two orders of magnitude shift in comparative diversity with temperature, from endothermic mammal and avian dominance near the poles, toward ectothermic reptile and amphibian majority in the tropics. Next, we provide mechanistic support for a corresponding latitudinal gradient of predatory interactions. Using automated video tracking in>4500 trials, we show that differences in thermal sensitivity of locomotion in endothermic predators and ectothermic prey favors endotherms in colder environments and yields theoretically predicted foraging outcomes across thermal conditions, including the number of strikes, the distance traveled, and the time to capture prey. We also present evidence that endotherms use thermal cues to anticipate prey behavior, modulating the impact of temperature. Finally, we integrate theory and data to forecast future patterns of diversity, revealing that as the world get warmer, it will become increasingly reptilian. Overall, our results point toward a broad reorganization of vertebrate diversity with latitude, elevation, and temperature: from endotherm dominance in cold systems toward ectotherm dominance in warm.
Insecticide resistance inMyzus persicaecollected from sweet pepper
Authors: Beekman Mariska M. , Ruan Xinyan , Dicke Marcel , Zwaan Bas J. , Pannebakker Bart A. , Verhulst Eveline C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPopulations of the green peach aphid,Myzus persicae, rapidly develop resistance to insecticides applied in agriculture, necessitating regular resistance monitoring of pest populations. Previous research identified two dominant multilocus genotypes (MLGs) in conventional (using insecticides + biological control agents) Dutch sweet pepper greenhouses: MLG-A under pymetrozine application and MLG-R under flonicamid application. This suggests positive selection for the genotypes by the application of these insecticides. However, no resistance ofM. persicaeto these insecticides has been reported yet. To investigate whether the insecticides were selectively driving the emergence of these specific MLGs, we compared the sensitivity of MLG-A and MLG-R to pymetrozine and flonicamid to that of six other genotypes from the same crop system. Additionally, we screened theM. persicaepopulations from Dutch sweet pepper greenhouses for known mutations conferring resistance to carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives. Our results show that both MLG-A and MLG-R are less sensitive to pymetrozine compared to the other genotypes investigated. Furthermore, full mortality for MLG-R, the genotype least sensitive to flonicamid, was not achieved at the recommended field dose for this insecticide. Resistance mutations for carbamates and pyrethroids were prevalent among the MLGs, including MLG-A and MLG-R, while mutation A2226V, which is linked to resistance to tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives, was absent. Notably, the neonicotinoid resistance mutation R81T was found only in MLG-R, making this the northernmost detection of R81T inM. persicaeto date. This study shows that various resistance mechanisms can accumulate in a single aphid genotype and that insecticides likely play a role in selecting for the dominant genotypes ofM. persicaein conventional greenhouses.
A helper NLR targets organellar membranes to trigger immunity
Authors: Ibrahim Tarhan , Yuen Enoch Lok Him , Wang Hung-Yu , King Freddie J. , Toghani AmirAli , Kourelis Jiorgos , Vuolo Cristina , Adamkova Vanda , Castel Baptiste , Jones Jonathan D. G. , Wu Chih-Hang , Kamoun Sophien , Bozkurt Tolga O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn plants, NLR (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat) proteins execute innate immunity through the formation of resistosomes that accumulate at the plasma membrane. However, the extent to which NLR resistosomes target other cellular membranes is unknown. Here, we show that the helper NLR NRG1 engages with multiple organellar membranes to trigger innate immunity. Compared to other helper NLRs, NRG1 and closely related RPW8-like NLRs (CCR-NLRs) possess extended N-termini with distinctive sequence signatures, enabling their assembly into longer structures than canonical coiled coil NLR (CC-NLR) resistosomes. Activated NRG1 associates with single- and double-membrane organelles via its N-terminal RPW8-like domain. Our findings reveal that plant NLR resistosomes accumulate at a variety of cellular membrane sites to activate immunity.
Optical photothermal infrared imaging using metabolic probes in biological systems
Authors: Shuster Sydney O. , Curtis Anna E. , Davis Caitlin M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTInfrared spectroscopy is a powerful tool for identifying biomolecules. In biological systems, infrared spectra provide information on structure, reaction mechanisms, and conformational change of biomolecules. However, the promise of applying infrared imaging to biological systems has been hampered by low spatial resolution and the overwhelming water background arising from the aqueous nature of in cell andin vivowork. Recently, optical photothermal infrared microscopy (OPTIR) has overcome these barriers and achieved both spatially and spectrally resolved images of live cells and organisms. Here, we determine the most effective modes of collection on a commercial OPTIR microscope for work in biological samples. We examine three cell lines (Huh-7, differentiated 3T3-L1, and U2OS) and three organisms (E. coli, tardigrades, and zebrafish). Our results suggest that the information provided by multifrequency imaging is comparable to hyperspectral imaging while reducing imaging times twenty-fold. We also explore the utility of IR active probes for OPTIR using global and site-specific noncanonical azide containing amino acid probes of proteins. We find that photoreactive IR probes are not compatible with OPTIR. We demonstrate live imaging of cells in buffers with water.13C glucose metabolism monitored in live fat cells andE. colihighlights that the same probe may be used in different pathways. Further we demonstrate that some drugs (e.g. neratinib) have IR active moieties that can be imaged by OPTIR. Our findings illustrate the versatility of OPTIR, and together, provide a direction for future dynamic imaging of living cells and organisms.