bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Behavior of Women on Cervical Cancer in the Northern Region of Cameroon
Authors: Armel HerveNwabo Kamdje  , Georges Kalgong  , Paul Takam Kamga  , Richard Simo Tagne  , Jeremie Mbo Amvene  , Charlette Nangue  
Published: September 2017

Background: Cervical cancer is a major cause of women death worldwide. The reduction of the mortality and morbidity of this pathology depends on the early detection based on powerful suitable screening methods, that will lead to optimal treatment strategies. However in some rural region of developing countries, it is very difficult to get access to standard screening methods, alternative screening methods, cheaper and easy to handle are then useful. Objective: The aim of this work was to test the sensitivity and specificity of VIA (Visual inspection with acetic acid) and VILI (Visual inspection with lugol iodine) as a diagnostic test of cervical cancer compared to the Pap Smear, evaluating the feasibility in health formation in the North Cameroon region, of implementing epidemiological surveillance of cervical cancer based on early diagnosis using the VIA-VILI association Method: 309 women age 20 to 62 years were recruited in this study, 307 were included in the statistical analyzes. Each woman was screened for cervical cancer by a conventional Smear and visual inspection with acetic acid 5% and the lugol solution. Results: We found in our study a prevalence of precancerous lesions of cervix at 12.70%. The risks factors of cervical cancer identified are age, matrimonial status, age of first sexual intercourse and parity. The association of VIA and VILI showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value respectively about 93.58%; 97.01%; 82.01%, 99.04%. Conclusion: Compared to PAP Smear, VIA or VILI could be used as an alternative screening methods for cervical cancer in developing countries, where it is difficult to access to more accurate test such as colposcopy and biopsy.
La trilogie arthurienne de Robert de Boron et les aléas de la pattern recognition
Authors: Moran Patrick 
Published: September 2017

L’examen de la tradition manuscrite de ce que l’on appelle souvent la « trilogie arthurienne » de Robert de Boron (Joseph d’Arimathie, Merlin et Didot-Perceval) permet de voir comment la critique moderne construit, à partir du donné médiéval, des ensembles signifiants qui courent le risque d’être anachroniques et de ne pas refléter la réalité de la réception médiévale. Dans ses manuscrits, la prétendue trilogie est présentée bien plus souvent comme un binôme Joseph-Merlin, le Perceval n’apparaissant que dans deux témoins fort excentrés ; de plus, ce troisième texte, présenté comme un roman autonome par la critique moderne, ressemble bien plus à une suite du Merlin, annonciatrice peut-être des autres suites que ce roman a reçues dans les années 1230-1250. La différence entre la description trilogique qui est habituellement donnée de cet ensemble romanesque et ses réalisations manuscrites n’est pas qu’une question de chiffrage : elle a un impact important sur la vision que nous avons de l’émergence de la prose autour de 1200, sur le développement de la forme cyclique et sur la postérité littéraire de ces oeuvres. Le but de cet article n’est pas tant de « corriger » la représentation traditionnelle de ces trois textes au profit d’une autre qui serait nécessairement plus correcte, que de mettre en lumière les aléas de la pattern recognition, l’identification de structures, qui est le moyen par lequel le philologue construit son objet, en tamisant des données souvent foisonnantes : le lecteur moderne face à un objet ancien est sans cesse dans un processus de reconstruction et de négociation.
Current practice in the management of new-onset atrial fibrillation in critically ill patients: a UK-wide survey
Authors: Chean Chung Shen , McAuley Daniel , Gordon Anthony , Welters Ingeborg Dorothea 
Published: September 2017

Background
New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in critically ill patients. Although evidence base and expert consensus opinion for management have been summarised in several international guidelines, no specific considerations for critically ill patients have been included. We aimed to establish current practice of management of critically ill patients with new-onset AF.

Methods
We designed a short user-friendly online questionnaire. All members of the Intensive Care Society were invited via email containing a link to the questionnaire, which comprised 21 questions. The online survey was conducted between November 2016 and December 2016.

Results
The response rate was 397/3152 (12.6%). The majority of respondents (81.1%) worked in mixed Intensive Care Units and were consultants (71.8%). Most respondents (39.5%) would start intervention on patients with fast new-onset AF and stable blood pressure at a heart rate between 120 and 139 beats/min. However, 34.8% of participants would treat all patients who developed new-onset fast AF. Amiodarone and beta-blockers (80.9% and 11.6% of answers) were the most commonly used anti-arrhythmics. A total of 63.8% of respondents do not regularly anti-coagulate critically ill patients with new-onset fast AF, while 30.8% anti-coagulate within 72 hours. A total of 68.0% of survey respondents do not routinely use stroke risk scores in critically ill patients with new-onset AF. A total of 85.4% of participants would consider taking part in a clinical trial investigating treatment of new-onset fast AF in the critically ill.

Discussion
Our results suggest a considerable disparity between contemporary practice of management of new-onset AF in critical illness and treatment recommendations for the general patient population suffering from AF, particularly with regard to anti-arrhythmics and anti-coagulation used. Amongst intensivists, there is a substantial interest in research for management of new-onset AF in critically ill patients.
Thermal State, Slab Metamorphism, and Interface Seismicity in the Cascadia Subduction Zone Based On 3‐D Modeling
Authors: Ji Yingfeng , Yoshioka Shoichi , Banay Yuval A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGiant earthquakes have repeatedly ruptured the Cascadia subduction zone, and similar earthquakes will likely also occur there in the near future. We employ a 3‐D time‐dependent thermomechanical model that incorporates an up‐to‐date description of the slab geometry to study the Cascadia subduction thrust. Results show a distinct band of 3‐D slab dehydration that extends from Vancouver Island to the Seattle Basin and farther southward to the Klamath Mountains in northern California, where episodic tremors cluster. This distribution appears to include a region of increased dehydration in northern Cascadia. The phenomenon of heterogeneous megathrust seismicity associated with oblique subduction suggests that the presence of fluid‐rich interfaces generated by slab dehydration favors megathrust seismogenesis in the northern part of this zone. The thin, relatively weakly metamorphosed Explorer, Juan de Fuca, and Gorda Plates are associated with an anomalous lack of thrust earthquakes, and metamorphism that occurs at temperatures of 500–700°C near the Moho discontinuity may represent a key factor in explaining the presence of the associated episodic tremor and slip (ETS), which requires a young oceanic plate to subduct at a small dip angle, as is the case in Cascadia and southwestern Japan. The 3‐D intraslab dehydration distribution suggests that the metamorphosed plate environment is more complex than had previously been believed, despite the existence of channeling vein networks. Slab amphibolization and eclogitization near the continental Moho depth is thus inferred to account for the resultant overpressurization at the interface, facilitating the generation of ETS and the occurrence of small to medium thrust earthquakes beneath Cascadia.
Influence of instantaneous and time‐averaged groundwater flows induced by waves on the fate of contaminants in a beach aquifer
Authors: Malott Spencer , O'Carroll Denis M. , Robinson Clare E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWave‐induced water exchange and groundwater flows in beach aquifers impact the fate of contaminants including nutrients, fecal bacteria, and nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Waves induce high‐frequency fluxes in shallow beach sediments. In addition, the phase‐averaged effect of waves (wave setup) drives deeper flow recirculations through a beach aquifer. Field data of shallow instantaneous and time‐averaged vertical head gradients (fluxes) are first compared with deeper time‐averaged fluxes over a period of varying wave conditions. The time‐averaged fluxes are equivalent to that which would be simulated assuming a phase‐averaged water surface (i.e., wave setup). Based on this comparison, the need to simulate phase‐resolved wave motion versus the simplified phase‐averaged water surface in predicting contaminant fate is evaluated. While high‐frequency fluxes cause large surface water volumes to filter through beach sediments, the exchanging water has a short residence time (<1–70 s). The time‐averaged flow behavior captures exchanging water with longer residence time (hours to months) and deeper flow paths. Therefore, consideration of the time‐averaged behavior may be sufficient for evaluating dissolved reactive constituents. In contrast, calculations indicate that instantaneous fluxes may need to be considered in evaluating colloidal contaminants (e.g., particulate organic matter and fecal bacteria) as sediment interactions affect their transport and residence time. Finally, multiphase simulations illustrate the differential effect of considering instantaneous versus time‐averaged fluxes on the downward migration of NAPL in beach sediments. This study provides an important foundation for future field and modeling efforts focused on understanding and predicting contaminant transport in wave‐influenced beaches.
Surface Energy‐Controlled SERS Substrates for Molecular Concentration at Plasmonic Nanogaps
Authors: Park Sung‐Gyu , Mun ChaeWon , Xiao Xiaofei , Braun Avi , Kim Sunho , Giannini Vincenzo , Maier Stefan A. , Kim Dong‐Ho 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPositioning probe molecules at electromagnetic hot spots with nanometer precision is required to achieve highly sensitive and reproducible surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) analysis. In this article, molecular positioning at plasmonic nanogaps is reported using a high aspect ratio (HAR) plasmonic nanopillar array with a controlled surface energy. A large‐area HAR plasmonic nanopillar array is generated using a nanolithography‐free simple process involving Ar plasma treatment applied to a smooth polymer surface and the subsequent evaporation of metal onto the polymer nanopillars. The surface energy can be precisely controlled through the selective removal of an adsorbed self‐assembled monolayer of low surface‐energy molecules prepared on the plasmonic nanopillars. This process can be used to tune the surface energy and provide a superhydrophobic surface with a water contact angle of 165.8° on the one hand or a hydrophilic surface with a water contact angle of 40.0° on the other. The highly tunable surface wettability is employed to systematically investigate the effects of the surface energy on the capillary‐force‐induced clustering among the HAR plasmonic nanopillars as well as on molecular concentration at the collapsed nanogaps present at the tops of the clustered nanopillars.
Mechanofluorochromism of D–π–A‐Type Difluoroboron β‐Carbonyl Cyclic Ketonate Complexes that Contain a Carbazole Unit
Authors: Zhang Fushuang , Liu Qingwen , Chen Yuannan , Zhai Lu , Liu Mingyang , Sun Jingbo , Mi Wenhua , Sun Meng , Lu Ran 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFour new D–π–A‐type difluoroboron β‐carbonyl cyclic ketonate complexes that contain carbazole units (TCCH, TCCP, CCH, and CCP) have been synthesized that exhibited reversible mechanofluorochromic (MFC) behaviors. Interestingly, TCCH and TCCP, which contained a tert‐butyl carbazole group, exhibited high‐contrast mechanofluorochromism compared with CCH and CCP, which just contained a carbazole group. For example, shifts of Δδ=49 and 20 nm were detected during the mechanofluorochromism of TCCH and CCH, respectively. We found that tert‐butyl carbazole derivatives existed as isolated molecules in the as‐synthesized crystals, on account of the steric hindrance of the tert‐butyl groups, and that J‐aggregates were formed upon grinding. Transformation between the isolated and aggregated molecules, which was stimulated by mechanical force, led to clear changes in the emission properties. However, J‐aggregates were formed in the as‐synthesized crystals of carbazole derivatives, and grinding only weakened the strength of the π–π interactions, thereby resulting in low‐contrast mechanofluorochromism. Therefore, this approach provides a useful strategy for the design of MFC dyes with high performance.
Thermodynamic Parameters of Single‐ or Multi‐Band Superconductors Derived from Self‐Field Critical Currents
Authors: Talantsev Evgueni , Crump Wayne P. , Tallon Jeffery L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractKey questions for any superconductor include: what is its maximum dissipation‐free electrical current (its ‘critical current') and can this be used to extract fundamental thermodynamic parameters? Present models focus on depinning of magnetic vortices and implicate materials engineering to maximise pinning performance. But recently we showed that the self‐field critical current for thin films is a universal property, independent of microstructure, controlled only by the penetration depth. Here, using an extended BCS‐like model, we calculate the penetration depth from the temperature dependence of the superconducting energy gap thus allowing us to fit self‐field critical current data. In this way we extract from the T‐dependent gap a set of key thermodynamic parameters, the ground‐state penetration depth, energy gap and jump in electronic specific heat. Our fits to 79 available data sets, from zinc nanowires to compressed sulphur hydride with critical temperatures of 0.65 to 203 K, respectively, are excellent and the extracted parameters agree well with reported bulk values. Samples include thin films, wires or nanowires of single‐ or multi‐band s‐wave and d‐wave superconductors of either type I or type II. For multiband or multiphase samples we accurately recover individual band contributions and phase fractions.
Peristome‐Mimetic Curved Surface for Spontaneous and Directional Separation of Micro Water‐in‐Oil Drops
Authors: Li Chuxin , Wu Lei , Yu Cunlong , Dong Zhichao , Jiang Lei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeparation of micro‐scaled water‐in‐oil droplets is important in environmental protection, bioassays, and saving functional inks. So far, bulk oil–water separation has been achieved by membrane separation and sponge absorption, but micro‐drop separation still remains a challenge. Herein we report that instead of the “plug‐and‐go” separation model, tiny water‐in‐oil droplets can be separated into pure water and oil droplets through “go‐in‐opposite ways” on curved peristome‐mimetic surfaces, in milliseconds, without energy input. More importantly, this overflow controlled method can be applied to handle oil‐in‐oil droplets with surface tension differences as low as 14.7 mN m−1 and viscous liquids with viscosities as high as hundreds centipoises, which markedly increases the range of applicable liquids for micro‐scaled separation. Furthermore, the curved peristome‐mimetic surface guides the separated drops in different directions with high efficiency.
Application of the Fe3O4@1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐diol@Mn nano‐catalyst for the green synthesis of tetrazoles and its biological performance
Authors: Habibi Davood , Heydari Somayyeh , Gil Antonio , Afsharfarnia Mina , Faraji Alireza , Karamian Roya , Asadbegy Mostafa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Fe3O4 magnetic particles were modified with 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐diol (Phen) and the related Mn complex (Fe3O4@Phen@Mn) synthesized as a heterogeneous catalyst to be used for the one‐pot three‐component synthesis of various tetrazoles. The catalysts were characterized by several methods, such as the elemental analysis, FT‐IR, X‐ray powder diffraction, dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric‐differential thermal analysis, vibrating sample magnetometer and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the catalyst and its Phen ligand were in vitro screened with 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl by free radical scavenging methods. Results showed that the synthesized compounds possess strong antioxidant activity (IC50; 0.172  ±  0.005 mg ml−1) as well as a good antibacterial potential in comparison to standards.
A simple, quick and novel protocol for biaryl synthesis using LiCl‐promoted in situ‐generated Pd nanoparticles
Authors: Phukan Parmita , Boruah Preeti Rekha , Gehlot Praveen Singh , Kumar Arvind , Sarma Diganta 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper describes a simple and a very quick protocol for biaryl synthesis using the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. A quintessential role of salting‐out agent LiCl was observed in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction that enhanced the reduction rate of Pd (II) to a considerable extent, resulting in the formation of nanosized palladium in a few seconds. The isolated Pd nanoparticles were characterized with X‐ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, TGA, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction proceeded very well with the in situ‐generated Pd nanocatalysts furnishing the desired biaryl adducts with excellent yields.
Membrane cholesterol effect on the 5‐HT2A receptor: Insights into the lipid‐induced modulation of an antipsychotic drug target
Authors: Ramírez‐Anguita Juan Manuel , Rodríguez‐Espigares Ismael , Guixà‐González Ramon , Bruno Agostino , Torrens‐Fontanals Mariona , Varela‐Rial Alejandro , Selent Jana 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe serotonin 5‐hydroxytryptamine 2A (5‐HT2A) receptor is a G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) relevant for the treatment of CNS disorders. In this regard, neuronal membrane composition in the brain plays a crucial role in the modulation of the receptor functioning. Since cholesterol is an essential component of neuronal membranes, we have studied its effect on the 5‐HT2A receptor dynamics through all‐atom MD simulations. We find that the presence of cholesterol in the membrane increases receptor conformational variability in most receptor segments. Importantly, detailed structural analysis indicates that conformational variability goes along with the destabilization of hydrogen bonding networks not only within the receptor but also between receptor and lipids. In addition to increased conformational variability, we also find receptor segments with reduced variability. Our analysis suggests that this increased stabilization is the result of stabilizing effects of tightly bound cholesterol molecules to the receptor surface. Our finding contributes to a better understanding of membrane‐induced alterations of receptor dynamics and points to cholesterol‐induced stabilizing and destabilizing effects on the conformational variability of GPCRs.
Nichtrostende Bewehrungsstähle zur Verlängerung der korrosionsfreien Lebensdauer von Stahlbetonbauwerken
Authors: v. Greve‐Dierfeld Stefanie , Bisschop Jan , Schiegg Yves 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDerzeit wird bei stark chloridbelasteten Bauteilen die Dauerhaftigkeit im Allgemeinen durch dichte Betone, große Überdeckungen, konstruktive Maßnahmen und Beschichtungen sichergestellt. Die Dauerhaftigkeit durch den Einsatz nichtrostender Stähle zu gewährleisten, bleibt zumeist aus ökonomischen Gründen unberücksichtigt. Zukünftig kann der Einsatz niedrig legierter und damit weniger kostenintensiver Stähle eine Option zur Sicherstellung der Dauerhaftigkeit werden.Der vorliegende Bericht zeigt zum einen Untersuchungsergebnisse zum Korrosionsverhalten nichtrostender Stähle aus experimentellen Untersuchungen. Zum anderen zeigt diese Veröffentlichung in rechnerischen Analysen, welchen Vorteil die Verwendung eines nichtrostenden Stahls auf die korrosionsfreie Lebensdauer bzw. die erforderliche Bewehrungsüberdeckung gegenüber einem normalen Betonstahl bietet.In den Laboruntersuchungen an Mörtelproben wurde für niedriglegierten nichtrostenden Stahl der Stahlsorte 1.4003 der kritische, korrosionsauslösende Chloridgehalt Ckrit gemessen und mit dem eines üblichen, warmgewalzten Betonstahls B500B verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine Erhöhung des kritischen Chloridgehalts Ckrit um den multiplikativen Faktor ca. 2 bis 3 gegenüber einem normalen Betonstahl. In Lösungsversuchen und Auslagerungsversuchen in Beton wurden ergänzend kritische Chloridgehalte an hochlegierten Duplexstählen der Werkstoffnummer 1.4462 bestimmt. Hierbei konnten um den Faktor > 5 erhöhte kritische Chloridgehalte festgestellt werden.In den rechnerischen Analysen wurde untersucht, welchen Einfluss ein ca. zwei‐ bis fünfmal so hoher kritischer Chloridgehalt auf die Nutzungsdauer und die erforderliche Bewehrungsüberdeckung haben kann. Die Berechnungen wurden deterministisch sowie probabilistisch durchgeführt. Die probabilistischen Berechnungen erfolgen für Zuverlässigkeitsniveaus von β = 0,5 bis 1,5. Die rechnerische Analyse erfolgt auf Basis des fib‐Modells. Der Einfluss wurde für drei bestehende Bauwerke der XD3‐Exposition ermittelt. Dabei führt ein zwei‐ bis fünfmal so hoher kritischer Chloridgehalt, je nach gewähltem Zuverlässigkeitsniveau, zu einer 1,5‐ bis > 13‐mal höheren rechnerischen Lebensdauer.
Aqueous Voltammetry in the Near Absence of Electrolyte
Authors: Li Xiuting , Batchelor‐McAuley Christopher , Laborda Eduardo , Compton Richard G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn order to minimize the incidence of the CO2 hydrolysis and conduct aqueous electrochemistry in the virtual absence of electrolyte, a novel methodology is developed to achieve the near minimum conductivity (≈60 nS cm−1) for an aqueous solution through in situ deionization with ion exchange resin beads. Aqueous electrochemistry studying the oxidations of platinum, ferrocenemethanol, and hydrogen (H2) were conducted in the near complete absence of trace ionic species at a platinum microelectrode (d=10 μm). Both surface and solution phase electrochemical reactions were clearly observed, indicating that under these conditions there is a sufficiently compressed double layer for an interfacial electron transfer to be driven and the iR effects are significantly smaller than theoretically expected.