bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis of field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity recovery following wildland fire: Applications for hydrologic model parameterization and resilience assessment
Authors: Ebel Brian A. , Martin Deborah A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHydrologic recovery after wildfire is critical for restoring the ecosystem services of protecting of human lives and infrastructure from hazards and delivering water supply of sufficient quality and quantity. Recovery of soil‐hydraulic properties, such as field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs), is a key factor for assessing the duration of watershed‐scale flash flood and debris flow risks after wildfire. Despite the crucial role of Kfs in parameterizing numerical hydrologic models to predict the magnitude of postwildfire run‐off and erosion, existing quantitative relations to predict Kfs recovery with time since wildfire are lacking. Here, we conduct meta‐analyses of 5 datasets from the literature that measure or estimate Kfs with time since wildfire for longer than 3‐year duration. The meta‐analyses focus on fitting 2 quantitative relations (linear and non‐linear logistic) to explain trends in Kfs temporal recovery. The 2 relations adequately described temporal recovery except for 1 site where macropore flow dominated infiltration and Kfs recovery. This work also suggests that Kfs can have low hydrologic resistance (large postfire changes), and moderate to high hydrologic stability (recovery time relative to disturbance recurrence interval) and resilience (recovery of hydrologic function and provision of ecosystem services). Future Kfs relations could more explicitly incorporate processes such as soil‐water repellency, ground cover and soil structure regeneration, macropore recovery, and vegetation regrowth.
TiF4 gel effects on tubular occlusion of eroded/abraded human dentin
Authors: Mantilla Taís Fonseca , Silva Camila Vieira da , Ramos‐Oliveira Thayanne Monteiro , Turssi Cecilia Pedroso , Ribeiro Martha Simões , Freitas Patricia Moreira de 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis in situ study evaluated the tubular occlusion caused by 4% TiF4 gel on the surface of eroded/abraded dentin. Sixty human dentin samples were eroded in vitro and assigned into six groups (n = 10) according to the in situ surface treatment and number of cycling days: 4% TiF4 gel applied once (TiF41), twice (TiF42), or three times (TiF43) followed by 2, 4, and 6 days of erosive/abrasive in situ cycling, respectively. Control groups (no treatment) were subjected to 2 (C1), 4 (C2), and 6 (C3) days of erosive/abrasive in situ cycling only. A seventh group (n = 10) was comprised by in vitro uneroded samples (UN), subjected to 6 days of in situ erosive/abrasive cycling. Each cycling day consisted on six erosive (0.5% citric acid, pH 2.6) and one abrasive events. Environmental scanning electron microscopy micrographs were taken. For all groups, blinded examiners assessed dentin tubules occlusion using visual scores (0—unoccluded, 1—partially occluded by granular deposits, 2—partially occluded by reduction in tubular lumen into diamond shape, 3—completely occluded) on images captured prior and after the in situ phase. Scheirer‐Ray‐Hare test demonstrated that treatments significantly affected tubule occlusion (p < .001). Dunn's test showed that tubule occlusion in TiF43 was significantly higher than in C1. Tubule occlusion in remaining groups did not differ from that observed in groups TiF43 and C1. Tubule occlusion was significantly higher after in situ phase. It may be suggested that TiF4, when applied three times, was able to positively change tubule occlusion of dentin samples.
Administrations of thalidomide into the rostral ventromedial medulla produce antinociceptive effects in a rat model of postoperative pain
Authors: Song Tieying , Ma Xiaojing , Ma Pengyu , Gu Kunfeng , Zhao Jianhui , Yang Yunliang , Jiang Bo , Li Yuxia , Wang Chunping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is highly involved in pain signal transmissions. Previous studies have shown that thalidomide is anti‐nociceptive. Thus, we evaluated the neurobiological mechanisms of thalidomide in the RVM in the regulation of postoperative pain. We used a rat model of postoperative pain to investigate the effects of intra‐RVM thalidomide treatments on postoperative pain, and evaluate the role of cannabinoid receptors in the effects of intra‐RVM thalidomide treatments on GABAergic neurotransmission in the RVM neurons. We found intra‐RVM thalidomide treatments reduced incisional surgery induced mechanical allodynia. This phenomenon was associated with attenuation of the frequency and amplitude of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) and spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs) in RVM neurons. Furthermore, applications of WIN 55,212‐3 mesylate, a non‐selective cannabinoid receptor antagonist reversed the effects of repeated thalidomide treatment on the frequency but not the amplitude of mIPSCs and sIPSCs. Finally, we found that repeated thalidomide treatment robustly enhanced CB2 receptor expression, but slightly reduced CB1 receptor expression, in the RVM. These results suggested that the antinociceptive effects of thalidomide in the RVM likely involve the attenuation of GABA release, which are critically regulated by cannabinoid receptors.
Neuromuscular adaptability of male and female rats to muscle unloading
Authors: Deschenes Michael R. , Adan Matthew A. , Kapral Maria C. , Kressin Kaitlin A. , Leathrum Colleen M. , Seo Anna , Li Shuhan , Schaffrey Ellen C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPreviously, it has been shown that following muscle unloading, males and females experience different maladaptations in neuromuscular function. As a follow‐up, the present investigation sought to determine if male and female neuromuscular systems demonstrated similar, or disparate morphological adaptations to muscle unloading. Twenty young adult male, and 20 young adult female rats were randomly assigned to one of two treatment protocols: muscle unloading, or control conditions. Following the 2‐week intervention period, immunofluorescent procedures were used to quantify pre‐ and post‐synaptic features of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), and to assess myofiber profiles (size and fiber type composition) of the soleus, plantaris, and EDL muscles. A 2‐way ANOVA with main effects for sex and treatment was then used to identify statistically significant (p ≤ .05) differences among structural parameters. Analysis of NMJs showed a consistent lack of differences between males and females. Overall, NMJs were also found to be resistant to the effects of unloading. When examining myofiber profiles, however, male myofibers were revealed to be significantly larger than female ones in each of the muscles examined. Unloading resulted in significant myofiber atrophy only in the primarily weight‐bearing soleus muscle. Only the EDL showed unloading‐induced differences in myofiber type distribution (Type II → I). These data indicate that different components of the neuromuscular system (NMJs, myofibers) respond uniquely to unloading, and that sex affects myofiber type profiles, but not NMJs. Moreover, it appears that only muscles that have their habitual activity patterns disturbed by unloading (i.e., the soleus, adapt to that intervention).
Effect of ozone on the microbiological status of five dried aromatic plants
Authors: Kazi Martha , Parlapani Foteini F , Boziaris Ioannis S , Vellios Evangelos K , Lykas Christos 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAromatic plants may be contaminated with a wide range of microorganisms, making them a potential health hazard when infused or added to ready‐to‐eat meals. To ensure safety, the effect of gaseous ozone treatment on the population of aerobic plate counts (APC), hygienic indicators (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae) and fungi was investigated for five dried aromatic plants: oregano, thyme, mountain tea, lemon verbena and chamomile. Selection, isolation and further fungi identification were based on the phenotypic and macro‐ and microscopic characteristics.RESULTSPrior to ozonation, APC on five dried aromatic plants was in the range 5–7 log colony‐forming units (CFU) g–1. The APC exhibited a 4 log reduction, from around 6.5 to 2.5 in the case of oregano, and only a 1–2 log reduction for other herbs after 30 or 60 min of 4 ppm gaseous ozone treatment. Enterococcus spp. and E. coli were not detected on any of the tested dried aromatic plants. The fungi counts were 2–4 log CFU g–1 before ozonation. Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp, Cladosporium spp, Alternaria spp, Fusarium spp., Ulocladium spp. and some unknown fungi were detected on plants before ozone treatment. Aspergillus spp. and/or Penicillium spp. were only detected on mountain tea and thyme plant material after 60 min of ozonation.CONCLUSIONThe present study provides information about the efficiency of ozone on the microbial decontamination of dried aromatic plants. Treatment with gaseous ozone at 4 ppm for 30 min in the case of dried oregano and 60 min in the case of chamomile and lemon verbena could be used as alternative disinfection methods. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A comparison of the proximate, fibre, mineral content, amino acid and the fatty acid profile of Marula (Sclerocarya birreacaffra) nut and soyabean (Glycine max) meals
Authors: Malebana Ingrid MM , Nkosi Bhutikini D , Erlwanger Kennedy H , Chivandi Eliton 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs a result of shortages and the cost of the currently utilized conventional dietary protein sources in the Sub‐Saharan Africa feed industry, the chemical evaluation of available non‐conventional sources for feed is imperative. One such source is Marula nut meal (a by‐product of Marula oil extraction). The present study chemically characterized the nutritional composition of two differently processed Marula nut meals (MNMs) and compared them with that of solvent extracted soyabean meal (SBM).RESULTSThe MNMs had higher dry matter, ether extract and gross energy but lower crude protein and ash contents compared to SBM. The cold press produced Marula nut meal (MNM2) had higher arginine than the hydraulic filter press produced Marula nut meal (MNM1) and SBM. The meals had similar neutral and acid detergent fibre contents. The MNMs had higher phosphorus, magnesium and copper concentrations than SBM. Although the total saturated fatty acid proportion was similar across the meals, total monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid proportions were higher in MNMs and SBM, respectively. Oleic acid was higher in MNMs than in SBM.CONCLUSIONThe low crude protein content in MNMs compared to SBM is comparable with other conventional dietary protein sources. Thus, the MNMs could be used as protein and energy feed ingredients. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Enantioseparation of pheniramine enantiomers by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography using β‐cyclodextrin derivatives as a chiral selector
Authors: Xu Weifeng , Wang Shichuan , Xie Xiaojuan , Zhang Panliang , Tang Kewen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe enantioselective separation of pheniramine was studied by a high‐speed countercurrent chromatography method using β‐cyclodextrin derivatives as a chiral selector. Several key variables, for instance, type of organic solvent and chiral selector, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of aqueous phase, and temperature on the enantioselectivity, were investigated systematically by liquid–liquid extraction experiments. Combining the results of extraction experiments and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography, the most suitable conditions for separation of pheniramine enantiomers were obtained with the two‐phase system that consisted of isobutyl acetate/aqueous phase, containing 0.02 mol/L carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, pH 8.50 at 278.15 K. Under the optimal conditions, pheniramine enantiomer was successfully resolved after four cycles of high‐speed countercurrent chromatography. By using high‐performance liquid chromatography to analyze the fractions, the purities of both (+)‐pheniramine and (–)‐pheniramine were over 99% and the recovery of this method was up to 85–90%.
Electrospun magnetic polybutylene terephthalate nanofibers for thin film microextraction
Authors: Bagheri Habib , Najafi Mobara Mahdieh , Roostaie Ali , Baktash Mohammad Yahya 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA thin film microextraction method using elecrospun magnetic polybutylene terephthalate nanofibers is developed and implemented to isolate some selected triazines. Due to the high mechanical stability of these nanofibers, they are repeatedly used under harsh magnetic stirring and ultrasonic conditions without any damage and structure degradation. The presence of magnetic nanoparticles within the nanofiber structure increases the extraction efficiency while the fibers could be collected by an external magnet. The synthesized nanocomposite showed strong affinity toward the selected analytes. Apart from the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles within the nanocomposite network, the effect of different parameters on the extraction and desorption processes including the sample pH, extraction time, sample volume, type of desorption solvent, solvent volume, and desorption time were optimized. Eventually, the detection limits were in the range of 0.02–0.05 ng/mL, while the limits of quantification were between 0.1 and 0.2 ng/mL. The linear dynamic range was 0.1–100 ng/mL, and the relative standard deviations were 4–9% (n = 3). The developed method was extended to the real water samples, and the relative recoveries were in the range of 86–103%, indicating that the prepared sorbent is suitable for extraction of triazines from environmental samples.
Preparative isolation of flavonoid glycosides from Sphaerophysa salsula using hydrophilic interaction solid‐phase extraction coupled with two‐dimensional preparative liquid chromatography
Authors: Jiao Lijin , Tao Yanduo , Wang Weidong , Shao Yun , Mei Lijuan , Wang Qilan , Dang Jun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn offline preparative two‐dimensional reversed‐phase liquid chromatography/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with hydrophilic interaction solid‐phase extraction method was developed for the preparative isolation of flavonoid glycosides from a crude sample of Sphaerophysa salsula. First, the non‐flavonoids were removed using an XAmide solid‐phase extraction cartridge. Based on the separation results of three different chromatographic stationary phases, the first‐dimensional preparation was performed on an XAqua C18 prep column, and 15 fractions were obtained from the 5.2 g target sample. Then, three representative fractions were selected for additional purification on an XAmide preparative column to further isolate the flavonoid glycosides. In all, eight flavonoid glycosides were isolated in purities over 97%. The results demonstrated that the two‐dimensional liquid chromatography method used in this study was effective for the preparative separation of flavonoid glycosides from Sphaerophysa salsula. Additionally, this method showed great potential for the separation of flavonoid glycosides from other plant materials.
PeptoSomes for Vaccination: Combining Antigen and Adjuvant in Polypept(o)ide‐Based Polymersomes
Authors: Weber Benjamin , Kappel Cinja , Scherer Martin , Helm Mark , Bros Matthias , Grabbe Stephan , Barz Matthias 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this work, the first vaccine is reported based on a PeptoSome, which contains a model antigen (SIINFEKL) and adjuvant (CpG). PeptoSomes are polypept(o)ide‐based polymersomes built of a block‐copolymer with polysarcosine (PSar) as the hydrophilic block (X
n = 111) and poly(benzyl‐glutamic acid) (PGlu(OBn)) as the hydrophobic one (X
n = 46). The polypept(o)ide is obtained with low dispersity index of 1.32 by controlled ring‐opening polymerization. Vesicle formation by dual centrifugation technique allows for loading of vesicles up to 40 mol%. PeptoSomes are characterized by multiangle dynamic light scattering, static light scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM). The PeptoSomes have a hydrodynamic radius of 39.2 nm with a low dispersity (µ
2 = 0.1). The ρ‐ratio R
g/R
h of 0.95 already indicates that vesicles are formed, which can be confirmed by cryoTEM. Loaded PeptoSomes deliver the antigen (SIINFEKL) and an adjuvant (CpG) simultaneously into dendritic cells (DCs). Upon cellular uptake, dendritic cells are stimulated and activated, which leads to expression of cluster of differentiation CD80, CD86, and MHCII, but induces excretion of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNFα). Furthermore, DC‐mediated antigen‐specific T‐cell proliferation is achieved, thus underlining the enormous potential of PeptoSomes as a versatile platform for vaccination.
Convolution operators on spaces of entire functions
Authors: Fávaro V. V. , Mujica J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe show that nontrivial convolution operators on certain spaces of entire functions on E are frequently hypercyclic when E is a normed space and when E is the strong dual of a Fréchet nuclear space. We also obtain results of existence and approximation for convolution equations on certain spaces of entire functions on arbitrary locally convex spaces.
The Square Root Problem and Aluthge transforms of weighted shifts
Authors: Lee Sang Hoon , Yoon Jasang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper we consider the following question. When does there exist a square root of a probability measure supported on ? This question is naturally related to subnormality of weighted shifts. The main result of this paper is that if μ is a finitely atomic probability measure having at most 4 atoms, then μ has a square root, i.e., there exists a measure ν such that (* means the convolution) if and only if the Aluthge transform of a subnormal weighted shift with Berger measure μ is subnormal. As an application of them, we give non‐trivial, large classes of probability measures having a square root. We also prove that there are 6 and 7‐atomic probability measures which don't have any square root. Our results have a connection to the following long‐open problem in Operator Theory: characterize the subnormal operators having a square root.
Anthocyanins from Purple Corn Ameliorated Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α‐Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes via Activation of Insulin Signaling and Enhanced GLUT4 Translocation
Authors: Luna‐Vital Diego , Weiss Matthew , Gonzalez de Mejia Elvira 
Published: July 2017

ScopeThe aim was to compare the effect of an anthocyanin‐rich extract from purple corn pericarp (PCW) and pure anthocyanins on adipogenesis, inflammation, and insulin resistance in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes on basal and inflammatory conditions.Methods and resultsPreadipocytes (3T3‐L1) were treated during differentiation with or without PCW. Differentiated adipocytes were treated either individually or in combination with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) and PCW, or pure C3G, Pr3G, P3G. PCW reduced preadipocyte differentiation (IC50 = 0.4 mg/mL). PCW and pure anthocyanins including C3G reduced fatty acid synthase enzymatic activity. PCW reduced TNF‐α‐dependent inflammatory status increasing adiponectin (39%), and decreasing leptin (−79%). PCW and C3G increased glucose uptake and reduced reactive oxygen species generation in insulin resistant adipocytes. An increase in phosphorylation was observed in AKT, IKK, and MEK, and a decrease in IRS and mTOR activating the insulin receptor‐associated pathway. PCW (7.5‐fold) and C3G (6.3‐fold) enhanced GLUT4 membrane translocation compared to insulin resistant adipocytes.ConclusionAnthocyanins from colored corn prevented adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, and reduced PPAR‐γ transcriptional activity on adipocytes in basal conditions. Ameliorated TNF‐α‐induced inflammation and insulin resistance in adipocytes via activation of insulin signaling and enhanced GLUT4 translocation suggesting a reduced hyperglycemia associated with the metabolic syndrome.
Early Life Factors, Obesity Risk, and the Metabolome of Young Adults
Authors: Rauschert Sebastian , Mori Trevor A. , Beilin Lawrence J. , Jacoby Peter , Uhl Olaf , Koletzko Berthold , Oddy Wendy H. , Hellmuth Christian 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveNoncommunicable diseases such as obesity have become a serious global public health epidemic. This study aimed to examine whether there was an association between early life factors (with a special focus on breastfeeding) BMI, waist circumference, and the metabolome in offspring at 20 years.MethodsData from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study were analyzed using 1,024 plasma samples from the 20‐year follow‐up. A liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics approach was used to measure metabolites. Multiple linear regression models were performed and adjusted for relevant confounders. Inverse probability weighting was used to adjust the 20‐year data for differences in socioeconomic variables between participants and nonparticipants since the commencement of the study.ResultsAn inverse association between breastfeeding and BMI or waist circumference at 20 years was lost after adjusting for parental prepregnancy BMI and maternal smoking during pregnancy. There was no significant effect of breastfeeding on metabolite concentrations at 20 years.ConclusionsAlthough other studies have shown associations between breastfeeding, obesity, and metabolite concentrations at younger ages, this was not evident in our study in young adults. We found no association of metabolites previously associated with waist circumference at 20 years and breastfeeding in early life.
Metabolomic Determinants of Metabolic Risk in Mexican Adolescents
Authors: Perng Wei , Hector Emily C. , Song Peter X.K. , Tellez Rojo Martha Maria , Raskind Sasha , Kachman Maureen , Cantoral Alejandra , Burant Charles F. , Peterson Karen E. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to identify metabolites associated with metabolic risk, separately by sex, in Mexican adolescents.MethodsUntargeted metabolomic profiling was carried out on fasting serum of 238 youth aged 8 to 14 years, and metabolites associated with a metabolic syndrome risk z‐score (MetRisk z‐score) were identified separately for boys and girls, using the simulation and extrapolation algorithm. Associations of each metabolite with MetRisk z‐score were examined using linear regression models that accounted for maternal education, child's age, and pubertal status.ResultsOf the 938 features identified in metabolomics analysis, 7 named compounds (of 27 identified metabolites) were associated with MetRisk z‐score in girls, and 3 named compounds (of 14 identified) were associated with MetRisk z‐score in boys. In girls, diacylglycerol (DG) 16:0/16:0, 1,3‐dielaidin, myo‐inositol, and urate corresponded with higher MetRisk z‐score, whereas N‐acetylglycine, thymine, and dodecenedioic acid were associated with lower MetRisk z‐score. For example, each z‐score increment in DG 16:0/16:0 corresponded with 0.60 (95% CI: 0.47‐0.74) units higher MetRisk z‐score. In boys, positive associations of DG 16:0/16:0, tyrosine, and 5′‐methylthioadenosine with MetRisk z‐score were found.ConclusionsMetabolites on lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways are associated with metabolic risk in girls. Compounds on lipid and DNA pathways correspond with metabolic risk in boys.