bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual sorting hat™ technology for the matching of candidates to residency training programs
Authors: Gouda Pishoy , Cormican Martin 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThe matching of medical students and trainees to appropriate training programmes poses many challenges, including financial cost and applicant stress. There are few studies that have examined alternatives to the current process of matching candidates to specialist training. Case reports from Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry™ have suggested that wearable technology may be used to assign individuals with particular sets of skills and virtues to an appropriate house.MethodsInvestigators developed a modified sorting hat in the form of an online, cross‐sectional survey. The virtual sorting hat was delivered to medical students at the National University of Ireland, Galway, and medical practitioners practising in the associated hospitals and communities. Pearson's chi‐square was used to demonstrate correlations between the allocation of participants to Hogwarts’ houses by virtual sorting hat technology and expressed higher specialist training preference.ResultsVirtual sorting hat technology, applied to medical undergraduates and postgraduates, allocated most participants to Hufflepuff™ (44%) and Ravenclaw™ (32%). Allocation to Gryffindor was associated with preference for surgery and allocation to Slytherin™ with preference for psychiatry.ConclusionVirtual sorting hat technology requires significant refinement before application to medical muggles™.
Spitz Nevi and Other Spitzoid Neoplasms in Children: Overview of Incidence Data and Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Dika Emi , Ravaioli Giulia Maria , Fanti Pier Alessandro , Neri Iria , Patrizi Annalisa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSpitz nevi are benign melanocytic neoplasms characterized by epithelioid or spindle melanocytes or both. In some rare cases their presentation overlaps with the clinical and histopathologic features of malignant melanoma, so a differential diagnosis can be difficult to make. Intermediate forms between Spitz nevi and malignant melanoma, with unpredictable behavior, have been called atypical Spitz tumors. A literature search was performed to review the clinical, dermoscopic, genetic, and histopathologic aspects of spitzoid tumors. Spitz nevi mainly occur in children, with no predilection for sex, and in young women. Common sites are the head and lower arms, where Spitz nevi present as pink nodules or hyperpigmented plaques. Spitzoid lesions may have diverse dermoscopic patterns: vascular, starburst, globular, atypical, reticular, negative homogeneous, or targetoid. The management of spitzoid lesions can be invasive or conservative; surgical excision is usually reserved for those with doubtful features, whereas clinical and dermoscopic follow‐up is preferred for typical pediatric Spitz nevi. The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in atypical Spitz tumors is debated. Immunohistochemistry and new molecular techniques such as comparative genomic hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization offer new diagnostic perspectives, investigating genetic alterations that are specific for malignant melanoma or for Spitz nevi.
Multifocal Congenital Hemangiopericytoma
Authors: Robl Renata , Carvalho Vânia Oliveira , Abagge Kerstin Taniguchi , Uber Marjorie , Lichtvan Leniza Costa Lima , Werner Betina , Mehrdad Nadji Mehrdad 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCongenital hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare mesenchymal tumor with less aggressive behavior and a more favorable prognosis than similar tumors in adults. Multifocal presentation is even less common than isolated HPC and hence its clinical and histologic recognition may be challenging. A newborn infant with multifocal congenital HPC causing severe deformity but with a favorable outcome after chemotherapy and surgical removal is reported.
Perceived parent and friend support for romantic relationships in emerging adults
Authors: RODRIGUES DAVID , LOPES DINIZ , MONTEIRO LĺGIA , PRADA MARĺLIA 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPositive close relationships with immediate close network members are associated with healthy adjustment among emerging adults (EA). These influence the initiation and maintenance of romantic relationships. A cross‐sectional study (N = 630) explored the role of perceived parental and friend support for the current romantic relationship in relationship quality among early EA (EEA; 18–21 years) and middle EA (MEA; 22–25 years) heterosexuals. Structural equation modeling results showed that in EEA, greater friend support was associated with greater commitment, satisfaction, and investments, and less quality of alternatives. Greater parental support was associated with greater commitment, satisfaction, and investments in MEA. This research advances literature by showing different associations between sources of social support and relationship quality in two EA age groups.
The association between conditional regard and relationship quality: A daily diary study
Authors: KANAT‐MAYMON YANIV , ARGAMAN YIFTACH , ROTH GUY 
Published: November 2016

AbstractResearch on conditional positive regard (CPR) and conditional negative regard (CNR) has shown that these practices are associated with some maladaptive qualities of romantic relationships. The current study investigated the associations between CPR and CNR and romantic relationship satisfaction using a daily diary methodology. A multilevel analysis of a sample of 80 individuals revealed that both CPR and CNR were negatively linked to relationship satisfaction at the between‐person level. However, at the within‐level, CPR was positively linked to relationship satisfaction, whereas CNR showed a negative association. The findings are discussed within self‐determination theory (E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan, 2000) and highlight how motivating one's partner by providing positive regard may be satisfying in the short term but controlling in the long run.
Antennal mechanosensors mediate sex pheromone‐induced upwind orientation in the potato tuberworm moth
Authors: Tejima Shin , Ono Tomohiro , Sakuma Masayuki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMales of the potato tuberworm moth Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) locate conspecific females by a series of short and straight flights, or ‘hops’. On the floor of a wind tunnel, P. operculella can change their heading angles in response to wind direction shift, suggesting that they detect wind direction and orient upwind when on the ground. It is unlikely that they navigate in wind by vision‐induced optomotor anemotaxis as in many flying moths. To investigate the mechanism of wind direction detection in this species, their orientation behaviour in response to pheromone pulses is observed in a wind tunnel. Intact male moths orient upwind even in complete darkness. After the flagellum of one antenna is amputated, male moths still successfully orient upwind. However, they fail to head upwind when the basal segments of both of their antennae are immobilized with glue. The ability to surge upwind is restored by removing the glue from the antennae. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that males of P. operculella orient upwind in response to mechanoreceptive cues from mechanosensory organs on their antennae. In Lepidoptera, two distinct anemotactic mechanisms of different sensory modalities appear to coexist: optomotor anemotaxis when airborne and the aim‐then‐shoot anemotactic system mediated by antennal mechanoreception when on the ground.
Forecasting Daily Political Opinion Polls Using the Fractionally Cointegrated Vector Auto-Regressive Model
Authors: Nielsen Morten Ørregaard , Shibaev Sergei S. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryWe examine forecasting performance of the recent fractionally cointegrated vector auto-regressive (FCVAR) model. We use daily polling data of political support in the UK for 2010–2015 and compare with popular competing models at several forecast horizons. Our findings show that the four variants of the FCVAR model considered are generally ranked as the top four models in terms of forecast accuracy, and the FCVAR model significantly outperforms both univariate fractional models and the standard cointegrated vector auto-regressive model at all forecast horizons. The relative forecast improvement is higher at longer forecast horizons, where the root-mean-squared forecast error of the FCVAR model is up to 15% lower than that of the univariate fractional models and up to 20% lower than that of the cointegrated vector auto-regressive model. In an empirical application to the 2015 UK general election, the estimated common stochastic trend from the model follows the vote share of the UK Independence Party very closely, and we thus interpret it as a measure of Euroscepticism in public opinion rather than an indicator of the more traditional left–right political spectrum. In terms of prediction of vote shares in the election, forecasts generated by the FCVAR model leading to the election appear to provide a more informative assessment of the current state of public opinion on electoral support than the hung Parliament prediction of the opinion poll.
Cryptococcal infections in solid organ transplant recipients over a 15‐year period at a state transplant center
Authors: Gassiep Ian , McDougall David , Douglas Joel , Francis Ross , Playford Elliott G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this research paper was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcome of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients diagnosed and treated for cryptococcosis at our institution.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all patients with SOT diagnosed and treated for cryptococcal infection occurring between January 2001 and December 2015.ResultsOf 102 patients diagnosed with cryptococcal infection, 23 were SOT recipients. Renal transplant accounted for 22/23 cases, of which 13 had meningitis. The annual incidence of infection has risen significantly, and is now greater than 2/1000 prevalent renal transplant recipients. As expected, biochemical factors associated with meningitis include lower glucose on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, median 2.4 vs 4.5 mmol/L (P=.02); CSF white blood cell median 50 vs 1/μL (P<.001); CSF protein, median 950 vs 335 mg/L (P=.04). Serum cryptococcal antigen titers were higher in the meningitis cohort, median 512 vs 32 (P=.03). Clinically, headache on admission (odds ratio: 9 [1.29‐63.03], P=.03) and a prolonged length of stay (median of 36 vs 13 days) in the meningitis cohort (P=.02) were significant.ConclusionCryptococcal infection in SOT recipients remains rare; however, there has been a marked increase in cases since 2014. This study reveals a need for increased vigilance for a potential emerging infectious disease. It furthermore highlights the need for ongoing research to further aid early diagnosis, prognostication, management, and screening cost‐effectiveness.
Adequacy of physician documentation and correlation with assessment of transfusion appropriateness: a follow‐up study in the setting of prospective audits and patient blood management
Authors: Madrigal Emilio , Prajapati Shyam , Avadhani Vaidehi , Annen Kyle , Friedman Mark T. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDA previous study in our hospitals correlated suboptimal documentation and failure to justify transfusions. In light of implemented blood‐conservation strategies, including patient blood management (PBM) and prospective audits (PAs), we performed a follow‐up study.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe reviewed prospectively audited red blood cell (RBC) transfusions received by adult patients from January to July 2014. Survey forms were used to assess the level of documentation and to classify documentation as adequate, intermediate, or inadequate. Transfusions were deemed justified or not by comparisons with hospital transfusion guidelines. We also analyzed the effect of implemented blood‐conservation strategies on our hospital transfusion rates and costs from 2009 to 2015.RESULTSDuring the study period, there were 259 prospectively audited transfusion events (TEs) (one or more RBC units transfused to a patient), of which we reviewed 94 TEs (36.3%) in 87 patients. TEs with suboptimal (intermediate and inadequate) documentation accounted for 46.8% of the reviewed TEs, of which 81.8% could not be justified compared with 18.0% of nonjustified, adequately documented TEs. The correlation between suboptimal documentation and failure to justify transfusion was significant (p < 0.001). This correlation remained even in a comparison between the site with a PBM program and the sites without such a program. Overall transfusion rates declined after the introduction of PA, although the decline was only statistically significant at the sites with a PBM program.CONCLUSIONSuboptimal transfusion documentation remains problematic and is highly correlated with nonjustifiable transfusions. Newly adopted approaches to minimize blood transfusions have not improved transfusion documentation and corresponding out‐of‐guideline transfusions, although overall transfusions have been reduced by PA, particularly in the setting of a PBM program.
Results of a Doravirine-Atorvastatin Drug-Drug Interaction Study
Authors: Khalilieh Sauzanne , Yee Ka Lai , Sanchez Rosa I. , Triantafyllou Ilias , Fan Li , Maklad Noha , Jordan Heather , Martell Maureen , Iwamoto Marian 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Doravirine is a novel, highly potent, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is administered once daily and that is in development for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
In vitro
and clinical data suggest that doravirine is unlikely to cause significant drug-drug interactions via major drug-metabolizing enzymes or transporters. As a common HIV-1 infection comorbidity, hypercholesterolemia is often treated with statins, including the commonly prescribed atorvastatin. Atorvastatin is subject to drug-drug interactions with cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors. Increased exposure due to CYP3A4 inhibition may lead to serious adverse events (AEs), including rhabdomyolysis. Furthermore, atorvastatin is a substrate for breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), of which doravirine may be a weak inhibitor; this may increase atorvastatin exposure. The potential of doravirine to affect atorvastatin pharmacokinetics was investigated in a two-period, fixed-sequence study in healthy individuals. In period 1, a single dose of atorvastatin at 20 mg was administered followed by a 72-h washout. In period 2, doravirine at 100 mg was administered once daily for 8 days, with a single dose of atorvastatin at 20 mg concomitantly being administered on day 5. Sixteen subjects were enrolled, and 14 completed the trial; 2 discontinued due to AEs unrelated to the treatment. The atorvastatin area under the curve from time zero to infinity was similar with and without doravirine (geometric mean ratio [GMR] for doravirine-atorvastatin/atorvastatin, 0.98; 90% confidence interval [CI], 0.90 to 1.06), while the maximum concentration decreased by 33% (GMR for doravirine-atorvastatin/atorvastatin, 0.67; 90% CI, 0.52 to 0.85). These changes were deemed not to be clinically meaningful. Both of the study drugs were generally well tolerated. Doravirine had no clinically relevant effect on atorvastatin pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects, providing support for the coadministration of doravirine and atorvastatin.
Exploring the Role of the Ω-Loop in the Evolution of Ceftazidime Resistance in the PenA β-Lactamase from Burkholderia multivorans, an Important Cystic Fibrosis Pathogen
Authors: Papp-Wallace Krisztina M. , Becka Scott A. , Taracila Magdalena A. , Zeiser Elise T. , Gatta Julian A. , LiPuma John J. , Bonomo Robert A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

The unwelcome evolution of resistance to the advanced generation cephalosporin antibiotic, ceftazidime is hindering the effective therapy of
Burkholderia cepacia
complex (BCC) infections. Regrettably, BCC organisms are highly resistant to most antibiotics, including polymyxins; ceftazidime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are the most effective treatment options. Unfortunately, resistance to ceftazidime is increasing and posing a health threat to populations susceptible to BCC infection. We found that up to 36% of 146 tested BCC clinical isolates were nonsusceptible to ceftazidime (MICs ≥ 8 μg/ml). To date, the biochemical basis for ceftazidime resistance in BCC is largely undefined. In this study, we investigated the role of the Ω-loop in mediating ceftazidime resistance in the PenA β-lactamase from
Burkholderia multivorans
, a species within the BCC. Single amino acid substitutions were engineered at selected positions (R164, T167, L169, and D179) in the PenA β-lactamase. Cell-based susceptibility testing revealed that 21 of 75 PenA variants engineered in this study were resistant to ceftazidime, with MICs of >8 μg/ml. Under steady-state conditions, each of the selected variants (R164S, T167G, L169A, and D179N) demonstrated a substrate preference for ceftazidime compared to wild-type PenA (32- to 320-fold difference). Notably, the L169A variant hydrolyzed ceftazidime significantly faster than PenA and possessed an ∼65-fold-lower apparent

K
i

(

K
i

app
) than that of PenA. To understand why these amino acid substitutions result in enhanced ceftazidime binding and/or turnover, we employed molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). The MDS suggested that the L169A variant starts with the most energetically favorable conformation (−28.1 kcal/mol), whereas PenA possessed the most unfavorable initial conformation (136.07 kcal/mol). In addition, we observed that the spatial arrangement of E166, N170, and the hydrolytic water molecules may be critical for enhanced ceftazidime hydrolysis by the L169A variant. Importantly, we found that two clinical isolates of
B. multivorans
possessed L169 amino acid substitutions (L169F and L169P) in PenA and were highly resistant to ceftazidime (MICs ≥ 512 μg/ml). In conclusion, substitutions in the Ω-loop alter the positioning of the hydrolytic machinery as well as allow for a larger opening of the active site to accommodate the bulky R1 and R2 side chains of ceftazidime, resulting in resistance. This analysis provides insights into the emerging phenotype of ceftazidime-resistant BCC and explains the evolution of amino acid substitutions in the Ω-loop of PenA of this significant clinical pathogen.
The Staphylococcus aureus AirSR Two-Component System Mediates Reactive Oxygen Species Resistance via Transcriptional Regulation of Staphyloxanthin Production
Authors: Hall Jeffrey W. , Yang Junshu , Guo Haiyong , Ji Yinduo 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is an important opportunistic pathogen and is the etiological agent of many hospital- and community-acquired infections. The golden pigment, staphyloxanthin, of
S. aureus
colonies distinguishes it from other staphylococci and related Gram-positive cocci. Staphyloxanthin is the product of a series of biosynthetic steps that produce a unique membrane-embedded C
30
golden carotenoid and is an important antioxidant. We observed that a strain with an inducible
airR
overexpression cassette had noticeably increased staphyloxanthin production compared to the wild-type strain under aerobic culturing conditions. Further analysis revealed that depletion or overproduction of the AirR response regulator resulted in a corresponding decrease or increase in staphyloxanthin production and susceptibility to killing by hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Furthermore, the genetic elimination of staphyloxanthin during AirR overproduction abolished the protective phenotype of increased staphyloxanthin production in a whole-blood survival assay. Promoter reporter and gel shift assays determined that the AirR response regulator is a direct positive regulator of the staphyloxanthin-biosynthetic operon,
crtOPQMN
, but is epistatic to alternative sigma factor B. Taken together, these data indicate that AirSR positively regulates the staphyloxanthin-biosynthetic operon
crtOPQMN
, promoting survival of
S. aureus
in the presence of oxidants.
Thermal and crystallization histories of magmatic bodies by Monte Carlo inversion of Mg-Fe isotopic profiles in olivine
Authors: Kin I Sio Corliss , Dauphas Nicolas 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
A random search modeling approach is introduced to retrieve the thermal histories of magmatic bodies from chemical and isotopic analyses of olivine crystals. The sample used for demonstration is an olivine phenocryst from Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii. Random time-temperature (t-T) paths were used to model diffusion accompanying crystal growth. Although a large number of t-T paths yielded acceptable fits to the Mg/Fe chemical profiles measured in olivine, only a small fraction resulted in acceptable fits to the Mg-Fe isotopic profiles. The best-fit cooling path was close to the independently inferred cooling history of this sample. Use of isotopic profiles in minerals coupled with a random search method can be a powerful tool for recovering thermal histories of rocks with little geologic context.
Electron microscopy reveals evidence for simple multicellularity in the Proterozoic fossil Chuaria
Authors: Tang Qing , Pang Ke , Yuan Xunlai , Xiao Shuhai 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Multicellularity arose multiple times in the evolutionary history of eukaryotes, and simple multicellularity may have a deep history tracing back to the Paleoproterozoic. However, complex multicellular organisms with cellular and tissue differentiation did not appear in the fossil record until the Mesoproterozoic, and it is not until the Ediacaran Period (635–541 Ma) when diverse assemblages of complex multicellular eukaryotes evolved. In the intervening Tonian Period (ca. 1000–720 Ma), the fossil record of multicellular organisms is poorly documented. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated Chuaria and associated carbonaceous compression fossils from the Tonian Liulaobei Formation in North China. These fossils have been variously interpreted as unicellular or multicellular organisms. Our analysis using backscattered-electron scanning electron microscopy (BSE-SEM) revealed direct evidence for simple multicellularity in some of these fossils and suggests that Chuaria may have had a multicellular vegetative stage in its life cycle. This study demonstrates that BSE-SEM has the potential to unveil the hidden diversity of multicellular organisms in the Tonian Period, thus enriching our knowledge about the multiple origins of multicellularity in this critical geological period before Cryogenian glaciations.