bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Fractional Flow Reserve–Guided Versus Routine Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in Patients With Intermediate Coronary Stenosis
Authors: Park Sang Hyun , Jeon Ki-Hyun , Lee Joo Myung , Nam Chang-Wook , Doh Joon-Hyung , Lee Bong-Ki , Rha Seung-Woon , Yoo Ki-dong , Jung Kyung Tae , Cho Young-Seok , Lee Hae-Young , Youn Tae-Jin , Chung Woo-Young , Koo Bon-Kwon 
Published: December 2015

Background—
We aimed to compare the long-term clinical outcomes between fractional flow reserve (FFR)–guided and routine drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in patients with an intermediate coronary stenosis.

Methods and Results—

A total of 229 patients with an angiographically intermediate coronary stenosis were randomly assigned to FFR-guided or Routine-DES implantation group. For FFR-guided group (n=114), treatment strategy was determined according to the target vessel FFR (FFR<0.75: DES implantation [FFR-DES group]; FFR≥0.75: deferral of stenting [FFR-Defer group]). Routine-DES group underwent DES implantation without FFR measurement (n=115). The primary end point was the incidence of major adverse cardiac events, a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization. Of lesions assigned to FFR-guided strategy, only one quarter had functional significance (FFR<0.75). At 2-year follow-up, the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac events was 7.9±2.5% in the FFR-guided group and 8.8±2.7% in Routine-DES group (
P
=0.80). At 5-year follow-up, the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac events was 11.6±3.0% and 14.2±3.3% for the FFR-guided group and the Routine-DES group (
P
=0.55). There was no difference in major adverse cardiac events rates between the 2 groups ≤5-year follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–2.60).

Conclusions—
In lesions with angiographically intermediate stenosis, FFR guidance provides a tailored approach, which is at least as good as an angiography-guided routine-DES implantation strategy and avoids unnecessary DES-stenting in a considerable part of the patients.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00592228.
Significance of the Hemorrhagic Site for Recurrent Bleeding
Authors: Takahashi Jun C. , Funaki Takeshi , Houkin Kiyohiro , Inoue Tooru , Ogasawara Kuniaki , Nakagawara Jyoji , Kuroda Satoshi , Yamada Keisuke , Miyamoto Susumu ,   the JAM Trial Investigators, Yoshimoto Takashi , Hashimoto Nobuo , Tsuji Ichiro , Tomata Yasutake , Fukui Tsuguya , Okada Yasushi , Matsumoto Masayasu , Fukui Tsuguya , Tsuji Ichiro , Fukuuchi Yasuo , Ohmoto Takashi , Kuwabara Yasuo , Nagata Izumi , Ono Junichi , Machida Toshio , Sakakibara Ryuji , Yamane Kanji , Okita Shinji , Kumano Kiyoshi , Iwama Toru , Kaku Yasuhiko , Saito Nobuhito , Fukuyama Hidenao , Yabe Ichiro , Moriwaka Fumio , Ogawa Akira , Yoshida Kenji , Fujii Kiyotaka , Yamada Masaru , Sato Kimitoshi , Akutsu Tsugio , Yamagata Sen , Takeuchi Shigekazu , Nagata Izumi , Hayashi Kentaro , Horie Nobutaka , Yamada Kazuo , Katano Hiroyuki , Masago Atsuo , Osato Toshiaki , Watanabe Toshiichi , Honjo Kaori , Sako Kazuya , Nakase Hiroyuki , Kawaguchi Shoichiro , Nishimura Fumihiko , Yamao Junichi , Naritomi Hiroaki , Okada Yasushi , Abe Hiroshi , Suzuki Akifumi , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Akiyama Yoshinori , Suenaga Toshihiko , Tominaga Teiji , Fujimura Miki , Nagahiro Shinji , Uno Masaaki , Nishi Kyoko , Satomi Junichiro , Okada Yoshikazu , Kawashima Akitsugu , Yamaguchi Koji , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Kawamata Takakazu , Tsutsumi Yukiko 
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—
The primary results of the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial revealed the statistically marginal superiority of bypass surgery over medical treatment alone in preventing rebleeding in moyamoya disease. The purpose of this analysis is to test the prespecified subgroup hypothesis that the natural course and surgical effects vary depending on the hemorrhagic site at onset.

Methods—
The hemorrhagic site, classified as either anterior or posterior, was the only stratifying variable for randomization. Statistical analyses were focused on the assessment of effect modification according to the hemorrhagic site and were based on tests of interaction.

Results—

Of 42 surgically treated patients, 24 were classified as anterior hemorrhage and 18 as posterior hemorrhage; of 38 medically treated patients, 21 were classified as anterior and 17 as posterior. The hazard ratio of the primary end points (all adverse events) for the surgical group relative to the nonsurgical group was 0.07 (95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.55) for the posterior group, as compared with 1.62 (95% confidence interval, 0.39–6.79) for the anterior group (
P
=0.013 for interaction). Analysis within the nonsurgical group revealed that the incidence of the primary end point was significantly higher in the posterior group than in the anterior group (17.1% per year versus 3.0% per year; hazard ratio, 5.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.60–21.27).

Conclusions—
Careful interpretation of the results suggests that patients with posterior hemorrhage are at higher risk of rebleeding and accrue greater benefit from surgery, subject to verification in further studies.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm
. Unique identifier: C000000166.
The “Masters” in the Shiji
Authors: Kern Martin 
Published: December 2015

The intellectual history of the ancient philosophical “Masters” depends to a large extent on accounts in early historiography, most importantly Sima Qian’s Shiji which provides a range of longer and shorter biographies of Warring States thinkers. Yet the ways in which personal life experiences, ideas, and the creation of texts are interwoven in these accounts are diverse and uneven and do not add up to a reliable guide to early Chinese thought and its protagonists. In its selective approach to different thinkers, the Shiji under-represents significant parts of the textual heritage while developing several distinctive models of authorship, from anonymous compilations of textual repertoires to the experience of personal hardship and political frustration as the precondition for turning into a writer. L’histoire intellectuelle des “maîtres” de la philosophie chinoise ancienne dépend pour une large part de ce qui est dit d’eux dans l’historiographie ancienne, tout particulièrement le Shiji de Sima Qian, qui offre une série de biographies plus ou moins étendues de penseurs de l’époque des Royaumes Combattants. Cependant leur vie, leurs idées et les conditions de création de leurs textes se combinent dans ces biographies de façon très inégale, si bien que l’ensemble ne saurait être considéré comme l’équivalent d’un guide de la pensée chinoise ancienne et de ses auteurs sur lequel on pourrait s’appuyer en toute confiance. Dans sa façon d’approcher sélectivement les différents penseurs, le Shiji tend à sous-représenter des secteurs significatifs de l’héritage textuel; en même temps il développe plusieurs modèles distinctifs de rapport entre texte et auteur, depuis la compilation anonyme de répertoires textuels jusqu’à l’expérience du malheur et à la frustration politique posées comme conditions pour devenir écrivain.
Stratocumulus Cloud Clearings and Notable Thermodynamic and Aerosol Contrasts across the Clear–Cloudy Interface
Authors: Crosbie Ewan , Wang Zhen , Sorooshian Armin , Chuang Patrick Y. , Craven Jill S. , Coggon Matthew M. , Brunke Michael , Zeng Xubin , Jonsson Haflidi , Woods Roy K. , Flagan Richard C. , Seinfeld John H. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Data from three research flights, conducted over water near the California coast, are used to investigate the boundary between stratocumulus cloud decks and clearings of different sizes. Large clearings exhibit a diurnal cycle with growth during the day and contraction overnight and a multiday life cycle that can include oscillations between growth and decay, whereas a small coastal clearing was observed to be locally confined with a subdiurnal lifetime. Subcloud aerosol characteristics are similar on both sides of the clear–cloudy boundary in the three cases, while meteorological properties exhibit subtle, yet important, gradients, implying that dynamics, and not microphysics, is the primary driver for the clearing characteristics. Transects, made at multiple levels across the cloud boundary during one flight, highlight the importance of microscale (~1 km) structure in thermodynamic properties near the cloud edge, suggesting that dynamic forcing at length scales comparable to the convective eddy scale may be influential to the larger-scale characteristics of the clearing. These results have implications for modeling and observational studies of marine boundary layer clouds, especially in relation to aerosol–cloud interactions and scales of variability responsible for the evolution of stratocumulus clearings.
California Central Valley Summer Heat Waves Form Two Ways*
Authors: Lee Yun-Young , Grotjahn Richard 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
California Central Valley (CCV) heat waves are grouped into two types based on the temporal and spatial evolution of the large-scale meteorological patterns (LSMPs) prior to onset. The k-means clustering of key features in the anomalous temperature and zonal wind identifies the two groups. Composite analyses show different evolution prior to developing a similar ridge–trough–ridge pattern spanning the North Pacific at the onset of CCV hot spells. Backward trajectories show adiabatic heating of air enhanced by anomalous sinking plus horizontal advection as the main mechanisms to create hot lower-tropospheric air just off the Northern California coast, although the paths differ between clusters.
The first cluster develops the ridge at the west coast on the day before onset, consistent with wave activity flux traveling across the North Pacific. Air parcels that arrive at the maximum temperature anomaly (just off the Northern California coast) tend to travel a long distance across the Pacific from the west. The second cluster has the ridge in place for several days prior to extreme CCV heat, but this ridge is located farther north, with heat anomaly over the northwestern United States. This ridge expands south as air parcels at midtropospheric levels descend from the northwest while lower-level parcels over land tend to bring hot air from directions ranging from the hot area to the northeast to the desert areas to the southeast. These two types reveal unexpected dynamical complexity, hint at different remote associations, and expand the assessment needed of climate models’ simulations of these heat waves.
Satellite-Derived Ocean Thermal Structure for the North Atlantic Hurricane Season
Authors: Pun Iam-Fei , Price James F. , Jayne Steven R. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper describes a new model (method) called Satellite-derived North Atlantic Profiles (SNAP) that seeks to provide a high-resolution, near-real-time ocean thermal field to aid tropical cyclone (TC) forecasting. Using about 139 000 observed temperature profiles, a spatially dependent regression model is developed for the North Atlantic Ocean during hurricane season. A new step introduced in this work is that the daily mixed layer depth is derived from the output of a one-dimensional Price–Weller–Pinkel ocean mixed layer model with time-dependent surface forcing.
The accuracy of SNAP is assessed by comparison to 19 076 independent Argo profiles from the hurricane seasons of 2011 and 2013. The rms differences of the SNAP-estimated isotherm depths are found to be 10–25 m for upper thermocline isotherms (29°–19°C), 35–55 m for middle isotherms (18°–7°C), and 60–100 m for lower isotherms (6°–4°C). The primary error sources include uncertainty of sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), high-frequency fluctuations of isotherm depths, salinity effects, and the barotropic component of SSHA. These account for roughly 29%, 25%, 19%, and 10% of the estimation error, respectively. The rms differences of TC-related ocean parameters, upper-ocean heat content, and averaged temperature of the upper 100 m, are ~10 kJ cm−2 and ~0.8°C, respectively, over the North Atlantic basin. These errors are typical also of the open ocean underlying the majority of TC tracks. Errors are somewhat larger over regions of greatest mesoscale variability (i.e., the Gulf Stream and the Loop Current within the Gulf of Mexico).
Estimation of Vulnerability and Risk to Meteorological Drought in Mexico
Authors: Neri Carolina , Magaña Víctor 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Prolonged droughts severely affect the economic, social, and environmental sectors in Mexico. The interest in reducing the costs of drought is now focused on prevention by means of vulnerability reduction. The present study proposes a methodology to estimate vulnerability and risk to drought, considering the physical, economical, and social factors that make regions of Mexico prone to experiencing hydrological and agricultural droughts. Recognizing that there is no universally accepted way to describe vulnerability, the proposed method defines the object under study, the natural hazard, and vulnerability factors by means of indicators. The vulnerability factors are related to water infrastructure, the condition of aquifers or water reservoirs, the levels of wastewater treatment, water productivity in agriculture, hydraulic infrastructure, and water tariffs. A drought vulnerability model for each Hydrological Administrative Region (RHA) in Mexico is obtained by combining the vulnerability indicators. The product of vulnerability and hazard results in risk estimates that are compared with impact data to validate the approach. Information on agricultural or hydrological drought is used as impact data. The validation process is an important step in the methodology, since it allows examination of the causes of disasters by the vulnerability factors and leads to risk management strategies. It is found that although vulnerability to meteorological drought in the agricultural and hydrological sectors in Mexico has decreased in recent years, the drought risk is still high and results in severe economic losses, such as those registered in central and northern Mexico during the 2011–12 prolonged drought.
Variable Lifting Index (VLI)
Authors: Waters Thomas , Occhipinti Enrico , Colombini Daniela , Alvarez-Casado Enrique , Fox Robert 
Published: December 2015

Objective: We seek to develop a new approach for analyzing the physical demands of highly variable lifting tasks through an adaptation of the Revised NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Lifting Equation (RNLE) into a Variable Lifting Index (VLI). Background: There are many jobs that contain individual lifts that vary from lift to lift due to the task requirements. The NIOSH Lifting Equation is not suitable in its present form to analyze variable lifting tasks. Method: In extending the prior work on the VLI, two procedures are presented to allow users to analyze variable lifting tasks. One approach involves the sampling of lifting tasks performed by a worker over a shift and the calculation of the Frequency Independent Lift Index (FILI) for each sampled lift and the aggregation of the FILI values into six categories. The Composite Lift Index (CLI) equation is used with lifting index (LI) category frequency data to calculate the VLI. The second approach employs a detailed systematic collection of lifting task data from production and/or organizational sources. The data are organized into simplified task parameter categories and further aggregated into six FILI categories, which also use the CLI equation to calculate the VLI. Results: The two procedures will allow practitioners to systematically employ the VLI method to a variety of work situations where highly variable lifting tasks are performed. Conclusions: The scientific basis for the VLI procedure is similar to that for the CLI originally presented by NIOSH; however, the VLI method remains to be validated. Application: The VLI method allows an analyst to assess highly variable manual lifting jobs in which the task characteristics vary from lift to lift during a shift.
Which Factors Can Protect Against Range Stress in Everyday Usage of Battery Electric Vehicles? Toward Enhancing Sustainability of Electric Mobility Systems
Authors: Franke Thomas , Rauh Nadine , Günther Madlen , Trantow Maria , Krems Josef F. 
Published: December 2015

Objective: The objective of the present research was to advance understanding of factors that can protect against range anxiety, specifically range stress in everyday usage of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Background: Range anxiety is a major barrier to the broad adoption of sustainable electric mobility systems. To develop strategies aimed at overcoming range anxiety, a clear understanding of this phenomenon and influencing factors is needed. Method: We examined range anxiety in the form of everyday range stress (ERS) in a field study setting. Seventy-two customers leased a BEV for 3 months. The field study was specifically designed to enable examination of factors that can contribute to lower ERS. In particular, study design and sample recruitment were targeted at generating vehicle usage profiles that would lead to relatively frequent experience of situations requiring active management of range resources and thereby potentially leading to experienced range stress. Results: Less frequent encounter with critical range situations, higher practical experience, subjective range competence, tolerance of low range, and experienced trustworthiness of the range estimation system were related to lower ERS. Moreover, range stress was found to be related to range satisfaction and BEV acceptance. Conclusion: The results underline the importance of the human factors perspective to overcome range anxiety and enhance sustainability of electric mobility systems. Application: Trustworthiness should be employed as a key benchmark variable in the design of range estimation systems, and assistance systems should target increasing drivers’ adaptive capacity (i.e., resilience) to cope with critical range situations.
Clinical evaluation of emboli removal by integrated versus non-integrated arterial filters in new generation oxygenators
Authors: Jabur Ghazwan NS , Sidhu Karishma , Willcox Timothy W , Mitchell Simon J 
Published: December 2015

Objective: To compare the emboli filtration efficiency of five integrated or non-integrated oxygenator-filter combinations in cardiopulmonary bypass circuits. Methods: Fifty-one adult patients underwent surgery using a circuit with an integrated filtration oxygenator or non-integrated oxygenator with a separate 20 µm arterial line filter (Sorin Dideco Avant D903 + Pall AL20 (n=12), Sorin Inspire 6 M + Pall AL20 (n=10), Sorin Inspire 6M F (n=9), Terumo FX25 (n=10), Medtronic Fusion (n=10)). The Emboli Detection and Classification quantifier was used to count emboli upstream and downstream of the primary filter throughout cardiopulmonary bypass. The primary outcome measure was to compare the devices in respect of the median proportion of emboli removed. Results: One device (Sorin Inspire 6 M + Pall AL20) exhibited a significantly greater median percentage reduction (96.77%, IQR=95.48 – 98.45) in total emboli counts compared to all other devices tested (p=0.0062 – 0.0002). In comparisons between the other units, they all removed a greater percentage of emboli than one device (Medtronic Fusion), but there were no other significant differences. Conclusion: The new generation Sorin Inspire 6 M, with a stand-alone 20 µm arterial filter, appeared most efficient at removing incoming emboli from the circuit. No firm conclusions can be drawn about the relative efficacy of emboli removal by units categorised by class (integrated vs non-integrated); however, the stand-alone 20 µm arterial filter presently sets a contemporary standard against which other configurations of equipment can be judged.
Generalist palliative care in hospital – Cultural and organisational interactions. Results of a mixed-methods study
Authors: Bergenholtz Heidi , Jarlbaek Lene , Hølge-Hazelton Bibi 
Published: December 2015

Background: It can be challenging to provide generalist palliative care in hospitals, owing to difficulties in integrating disease-oriented treatment with palliative care and the influences of cultural and organisational conditions. However, knowledge on the interactions that occur is sparse. Aim: To investigate the interactions between organisation and culture as conditions for integrated palliative care in hospital and, if possible, to suggest workable solutions for the provision of generalist palliative care. Design: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was chosen using two independent studies: a quantitative study, in which three independent datasets were triangulated to study the organisation and evaluation of generalist palliative care, and a qualitative, ethnographic study exploring the culture of generalist palliative nursing care in medical departments. Setting/participants: A Danish regional hospital with 29 department managements and one hospital management. Results: Two overall themes emerged: (1) ‘generalist palliative care as a priority at the hospital’, suggesting contrasting issues regarding prioritisation of palliative care at different organisational levels, and (2) ‘knowledge and use of generalist palliative care clinical guideline’, suggesting that the guideline had not reached all levels of the organisation. Conclusion: Contrasting issues in the hospital’s provision of generalist palliative care at different organisational levels seem to hamper the interactions between organisation and culture – interactions that appear to be necessary for the provision of integrated palliative care in the hospital. The implementation of palliative care is also hindered by the main focus being on disease-oriented treatment, which is reflected at all the organisational levels.
CADASIL: MRI may be normal in the fourth decade of life – a case report
Authors: Samões Raquel , Alves José Eduardo , Taipa Ricardo , Silva João , Melo Pires Manuel , Pereira-Monteiro José Maria 
Published: December 2015

Background Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) manifests by migraine with aura, cerebral ischemic events, mood disturbances and dementia. Brain MRI lesions typically precede the symptoms from 10 to 15 years and previous evidence showed all CADASIL patients above 35 years old have an abnormal MRI, supporting the clinical diagnosis. Case results We present a 37-year-old female patient with migraine without aura, a family history of CADASIL, normal brain 3-Tesla MRI and normal skin biopsy, even though a pathogenic NOTCH3 gene mutation (allele 2, exon 11, c.1672 C\gtT, p.Arg558Cys) was detected. Conclusions When CADASIL is strongly suspected, a normal brain MRI, even in the fourth decade of life, does not rule out the diagnosis and should not discourage the genetic test.