bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PMBOK y PRINCE 2 similitudes y diferencias -PMBOK and PRINCE 2, similarities and differences
Authors: Fernández-Parra Kenia , Garrido-Saroza Ariannys , Ramírez-Martínez Yosvani , Perdomo-Bello Isamira 
Published: December 2016

Existen diferentes estándares enfocados a la gestión de proyectos. Ejemplo de estos estándares lo constituyen la guía PMBOK y el método PRINCE2. En el presente trabajo se realizó un análisis comparativo de la guía PMBOK respecto al método estructurado PRINCE2, basado en la evaluación de diferentes fuentes bibliográficas. Durante el desarrollo de la investigación fueron analizados diferentes elementos teóricos de cada uno, tales como: el origen, la evolución, la estructura y su aplicación, lo que permite identificar similitudes y diferencias entre estos. El resultado de la investigación arroja que estos estándares no se consideran excluyentes y que pueden coexistir en un mismo proyecto. PRINCE2 determina qué, cómo, cuándo y por quiénes se ejecutarán las actividades, utilizando un lenguaje común de fácil asimilación y PMBOK constituye una guía de referencia internacional que incorpora una amplia gama de conocimientos sobre la gestión de proyectos.PMBOK and PRINCE 2, similarities and differencesABSTRACTThere are different standards focused on project management. Examples of these standards are the PMBOK Guide and PRINCE2 method. In this paper it is made a comparative analysis of the PMBOK Guide in relation to PRINCE2 structured method, based on the assessment of different literature sources. During the course of the investigation different theoretical elements of both PMBOK and PRINCE2 were analyzed, such as the origin, evolution, structure and application, allowing the identification of similarities and differences between them. The result of this research reveals that these standards are not considered mutually exclusive and that can coexist on the same project. PRINCE2 determines what, how, when and by whom the activities will be implemented using a common language easily assimilated and PMBOK is an international reference guide that incorporates a wide range of knowledge about project management.PMBOK e PRINCE2, semelhanças e diferençasRESUMO Existem diferentes padrões focados em gerenciamento de projetos. Exemplos destas normas constituem Guia PMBOK e do método PRINCE2. Neste trabalho foi realizada uma análise comparativa das orientações PMBOK PRINCE2 na abordagem estruturada, com base na avaliação de diferentes fontes bibliográficas. Durante o curso da investigação foram analisados diferentes elementos teóricos de cada um, tai como a origem, evolução, estrutura e aplicação, o que lhe permite identificar semelhanças e diferenças entre eles. O resultado da investigação mostra que essas normas não são considerados mutuamente exclusivos e podem coexistir no mesmo projeto. PRINCE2 determina o que, como, quando e por quem as actividades serão implementadas através de uma linguagem comum de fácil assimilação e PMBOK é um guia de referência internacional que incorpora uma ampla gama de conhecimentos sobre gerenciamento de projetos.
A qualitative study on library ethics<p>Kütüphanecilik etiği üzerine nitel bir çalışma
Authors: Zan Burcu Umut , Yazıcı Aslı , Yazıcı Sedat 
Published: December 2016

Library ethics is an important research topic because of its conceptual connection with many areas of academic ethics. However, although concerns about ethical issues in librarianship go back to beginning of the twenty century, very few empirical studies have been conducted on this topic. The purpose of this study was to examine library professionals’ and users’ perceptions, experiences and awareness of library ethics. The study group consists of 52 library users and 13 library professionals. Data were obtained via semi-structured interviews and analyzed for coding using NVIVO program. A great number of participants from both groups declared that they were unfamiliar with the notion of library ethics. However, the participants pointed out many issues, situations and behaviors that are very closely related to library ethics. Among others, the most common ethical issues faced in libraries were found damaging library materials, copy rights violations, concealing books, reservation of seats, disturbing others, disrespectful behavior, requesting privilege user rights. Taking care of library materials, fair and equal services, not censoring, providing suitable place for study, helping users, obeying copy rights, professional efficiencies were stated among the institutional ethical responsibilities of libraries. ÖzetKütüphanecilik etiği akademik etiğin çoğu alanıyla doğrudan ilişkili olması açısından son derece önemli bir konudur. Ne var ki, kütüphanecilik alanındaki etik kaygıların ortaya çıkışının yaklaşık bir asırlık geçmişi olmasına karşın konuyla ilgili uluslararası literatürde yapılan uygulamalı çalışmaların sayısı oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı kütüphane çalışanları ile kullanıcılarının kütüphanecilik etiğine ilişkin algı, deneyim ve farkındalıklarını incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 52 kütüphane kullanıcısı ve 13 kütüphane çalışanından oluşmaktadır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme sorularıyla elde edilen veriler kodlanarak NVIVO programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, her iki gruptan önemli sayıdaki katılımcı kütüphanecilik etiği kavramına pek fazla aşina olmadıklarını bildirmişlerdir. Buna karşın, katılımcıların çoğu kütüphanecilik etiği kapsamına giren birçok etik durum, davranış ve soruna işaret etmiştir. Bunlardan en sıklıkla ifade edilenler kütüphane materyaline zarar verme, telif hakkı ihlalleri, kitap saklama, yer tutma, saygısızlık, başkalarını rahatsız etme, farklı davranılma isteği olmuştur. Kurumsal açıdan bir kütüphanenin etik sorumlulukları arasında kütüphane materyaline özen gösterme, adil ve eşit hizmet, sansür uygulamama, uygun hizmet ortamı sağlama, okuyucuya yardımcı olma, telif hakkına riayet ve çalışanlarının mesleki yeterlilikleri gösterilmiştir.
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Dried Flowers of Moringa oleifera in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Arise Rotimi Olusanya , Aburo Oluwaseun Ruth , Farohunbi Samuel Tobi , Adewale Adenike Adebola 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of oral administration of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleiferaflower on stretozotocin-induced diabetic rats at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg b.w.
Thirty (30) male experimental albino rats were grouped randomly into six groups: groups A, B, and F are the control, diabetic control and reference drug groups, while C-E received 100, 200, and 300mg/kg b.w of the extract, respectively. Blood samples and organs were collected to assay for blood glucose level and antioxidant enzymes.
Levels of blood glucose, serum lipids and lipid peroxidation as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in STZ-induced diabetic rats orally administered ethanolic extract of M. oleifera flower. However, the body weight; catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly increased (p < 0.05) when compared with the controls.
M. oleifera flower ethanolic extract administered orally therefore exhibited improved lipid metabolism, glucose-lowering potential and is hence beneficial in preventing diabetic complications as a result of lipid peroxidation and oxidative systems in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. It could thus be employed therapeutically in managing diabetes mellitus.
Topical Anesthetic Misuse in Patients Admitted to Sabzevar Eye Clinic in Iran
Authors: Shirzadeh Ebrahim , Shomoossi Nematullah , Abdolahzadeh Hasan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Topical anesthetic eye drops are used extensively for ophthalmic examinations but self-treatment and non-technical removal of foreign bodies using tetracaine drops can be hazardous. The present study intended to determine the inadmissible uses of anesthetic tetracaine eye drops, manner of drug obtaining and likelihood of the ocular complications in the patients.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 162 patients with ocular pain and foreign body sensation, red eye or lid edema admitted to the Eye clinic in Sabzevar, Iran. Variables included age, sex, chief compliant, job, site of foreign bodies, diagnosis of problem, use of tetracaine drops, drug provision, times patients referred to the eye clinic, and kinds of treatment.
The most common chief complaint for admission to the Eye clinic was lacrimation (55.6%), followed by ocular pain, and foreign body sensation (35.8%). Some patients (30.9%) (mostly welders) inadmissibly used topical tetracaine eye drops; 21.6% of cases obtained tetracaine eye drops from drugstores without doctor’s prescription, and only 3.7% provided drugs by prescription. Corneal site (81.5%) was the most common location of foreign body; metallic foreign body (63%) was the most common. One patient was admitted in hospital for management.
Topical inadmissible tetracaine (0.5%) is commonly used by welders, who obtain it from drugstores without prescriptions due to its simple usage and short acting pain relief. Supervision is required over drugstores for denying it if demanded without a prescription. Enhancing clients’ awareness is also suggested.
Association between the TP53 and CYP2E1*5B gene polymorphisms and non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ada Ahmet Oguz , Bilgen Serdar , Karacaoglan Volkan , Kunak Celalettin Semih , Soydas Emre , Alpar Sibel , Gulhan Meral , Iscan Mumtaz 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer. Genetic polymorphisms in tumour suppressor genes and genes encoding xenobiotic metabolising enzymes alter the activity of their corresponding enzymes and are important individual susceptibility factors for NSCLC. Because of the lack of information in literature, the aim of our study was to investigate the role of the tumour suppressor gene TP53 (Arg72Pro) and the xenobiotic metabolising CYP2E1*5B gene polymorphisms on the risk of NSCLC development. The study population consisted of 172 patients and 172 controls (156 men and 16 women in each group). Genetic polymorphisms were determined with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Multivariate analysis showed a significant association with NSCLC for the combination between the TP53 codon72 Arg/Pro and the Pro/Pro genotypes (OR 2.21, 95 % CI 1.390-3.51; p=0.001). We also analysed whether combinations of these gene variants with GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 exon 5 (Ile105Val), and GSTP1 exon 6 (Ala114Val) gene polymorphisms were associated with the NSCLC risk. A significant increase in the risk was observed for the following combinations: TP53 codon72 variant with GSTM1 null (OR 2.22, 95 % CI 1.23-4.04; p=0.009), GSTT1 null (OR 2.98, 95 % CI 1.49-5.94; p=0.002), and GSTP1 (Ala114Val) variant genotypes (OR 3.38, 95 % CI 1.54-7.41; p=0.002). Further studies with larger samples are needed to verify these findings.
Age and sex differences in genome damage between prepubertal and adult mice after exposure to ionising radiation
Authors: Stojković Ranko , Fucic Aleksandra , Ivanković Dušica , Jukić Zoran , Radulović Petra , Grah Josip , Kovačević Nenad , Barišić Lovro , Krušlin Božo 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The mechanisms that lead to sex and age differences in biological responses to exposure to ionising radiation and related health risks have still not been investigated to a satisfactory extent. The significance of sex hormones in the aetiology of radiogenic cancer types requires a better understanding of the mechanisms involved, especially during organism development. The aim of this study was to show age and sex differences in genome damage between prepubertal and adult mice after single exposure to gamma radiation. Genome damage was measured 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after exposure of 3-week and 12-week old BALB/CJ mice to 8 Gy of gamma radiation using an in vivo micronucleus assay. There was a significantly higher genome damage in prepubertal than in adult animals of both sexes for all sampling times. Irradiation caused a higher frequency of micronuclei in males of both age groups. Our study confirms sex differences in the susceptibility to effects of ionising radiation in mice and is the first to show that such a difference occurs already at prepubertal age.
An alternative approach to studying the effects of ZnO nanoparticles in cultured human lymphocytes: combining electrochemistry and genotoxicity tests
Authors: Branica Gina , Mladinić Marin , Omanović Dario , Želježić Davor 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Nanoparticle use has increased radically raising concern about possible adverse effects in humans. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among the most common nanomaterials in consumer and medical products. Several studies indicate problems with their safe use. The aim of our study was to see at which levels ZnO NPs start to produce adverse cytogenetic effects in human lymphocytes as an early attempt toward establishing safety limits for ZnO NP exposure in humans. We assessed the genotoxic effects of low ZnO NP concentrations (1.0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 μg mL-1) in lymphocyte cultures over 14 days of exposure. We also tested whether low and high-density lymphocytes differed in their ability to accumulate ZnO NPs in these experimental conditions. Primary DNA damage (measured with the alkaline comet assay) increased with nanoparticle concentration in unseparated and high density lymphocytes. The same happened with the fragmentation of TP53 (measured with the comet-FISH). Nanoparticle accumulation was significant only with the two highest concentrations, regardless of lymphocyte density. High-density lymphocytes had significantly more intracellular Zn2+ than light-density ones. Our results suggest that exposure to ZnO NPs in concentrations above 5 μg mL-1 increases cytogenetic damage and intracellular Zn2+ levels in lymphocytes.
Ratcheting Simulation in a Titanium-Steel Bimetallic Plate Based on the Chaboche Hardening Model
Authors: Karolczuk Aleksander 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The paper presents the results of fatigue loading simulation applied to bimetallic model using the Chaboche kinematic hardening rule. Three cases of simulations were performed: (i) without residual stresses; (ii) considering residual stresses and (iii) considering asymmetrical geometry of bimetal, i.e. cross area reducing under tension period of loading. Experimental results exhibit the ratcheting phenomenon in titanium-steel bimetallic specimens. The observed ratcheting phenomenon could be explained by the third case of simulation which is supported by detection of microcracks in the vicinity of welded area.
Modelling and Testing of the Piezoelectric Beam as Energy Harvesting System
Authors: Koszewnik Andrzej , Wernio Krzysztof 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The paper describes modelling and testing of the piezoelectric beam as energy harvesting system. The cantilever beam with two piezo-elements glued onto its surface is considered in the paper. As result of carried out modal analysis of the beam the natural frequencies and modes shapes are determined. The obtained results in the way mentioned above allow to estimate such location of the piezo-actuator on the beam where the piezo generates maximal values of modal control forces. Experimental investigations carried out in the laboratory allow to verify results of natural frequencies obtained during simulation and also testing of the beam in order to obtain voltage from vibration with help of the piezo-harvester. The obtained values of voltage stored on the capacitor C
0 shown that the best results are achieved for the beam excited to vibration with third natural frequency, but the worst results for the beam oscillating with the first natural frequency.
Study of Selected Properties of Thermally Sprayed Coatings Containing WC and WB Hard Particles
Authors: Brezinová Janette , Guzanová Anna , Draganovská Dagmar , Maruschak Pavlo O. , Landová Mariana 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The paper presents results of research of the essential characteristics of two kinds of advanced coatings applied by HVOF technology. One studied coating: WB-WC-Co (60-30-10%) contains two types of hard particles (WC and WB), the second coating is eco-friendly alternative to the previously used WC-based coatings, called “green carbides” with the composition WC-FeCrAl (85-15%). In green carbides coating the heavy metals (Co, Ni, NiCr) forming the binding matrix in conventional wear-resistant coatings are replaced by more environmentally friendly matrix based on FeCrAl alloy. On the coatings was carried out: metallographic analysis, measurement of thickness, micro-hardness, adhesion, resistance to thermal cyclic loading and adhesive wear resistance (pin-on-disk test). One thermal cycle consisted of heating the coatings to 600°C, dwell for 10 minutes, and subsequently cooling on the still air. The number of thermal cycles: 10. The base material was stainless steel AISI 316L, pretreatment prior to application of the coating: blasting with white corundum, application device JP-5000.
Comparative Study of Wear Resistance of the Composite with Microhybrid Structure and Nanocomposite
Authors: Pieniak Daniel , Walczak Agata , Niewczas Agata M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare microhardness and wear resistance of ceramic-polymer composites with micro and nano-hybrid structure. For the studies commercial composites were used, containing filler particles of the same type but different sizes, nano-sized (Filtek Ultimate) and micro-sized (Filtek Z250) composites. Tribological testing was conducted using ball-on-disc micro-tribometer. Vickers testing method was applied for microhardness studies with the use of Futertech FM 700 device. It has been demonstrated that the wear of Filtek Ultimate is almost twice lower in comparison to wear of Filtek Z250 composite. It has been concluded that the use of filler nanoparticles significantly increased wear resistance of the material. Additionally, lack of correlation between material microhardness and wear resistance has been demonstrated.
A Look Behind the Scenes: Danish Renaissance Martial Arts during the Reign of Christian IV
Authors: Sørensen Claus Frederik 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
From the 4th – 7th of July 2016, the annual International Medieval Congress was held in Leeds, England. Among the many different sessions two specifically addressed historical European martial arts. The first session discussed and commented upon modern practices and interpretations of historical European martial arts, each paper being based on good practice and the proper criteria for academic research. The second session, in which this paper was presented, went more “behind the scenes”, discussing the importance of thorough analysis of the historical context which remains essential to forming a foundation for solid hypotheses and interpretations.
This article discusses and sheds light upon Danish historical martial art during the reign of the Danish King Christian IV (r.1588 to 1648). At this point in time Europe consisted of many small principalities in addition to a few larger states and kingdoms. Thoughts and ideas could spread as quickly as ripples in water but also be bound by political and religious alliances or enmities, plague, famine and not to mention the role also played by topographical and cultural differences. Thus, at times, vast cultural differences could be seen from region to region.
To this should be added a wide range of social factors, such as the role of relationships and mentalities, and the obeying of unspoken norms and codes which can also affect modern researchers’ interpretations of what is shown or described. Therefore, the aim of this article is to provide a series of “behind the scenes” examples which all have the potential to affect hypotheses, interpretations, and overall understandings of the context of historical European martial arts.
Effects of Sports Nutritional Beverages Containing Glycerinum on the Physical Functions of Bicyclists after Physical Activities
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Yu Yang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This study aimed at providing a reference for the selection of energy tonics for sportsmen engaging in high-strength training and competitions by investigating the effects of the intake of beverages containing glycerinum before exercise at high temperature on the physical functions of bicyclists. Forty bicyclists were selected as research subjects and divided into a test group and a control group. The indexes such as urine volume, weight loss value, oxyhemoglobin saturation, blood lactic acid, nervous tension difference value and reaction time were detected after the sportsmen took different beverages. The conclusions were drawn after the data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 18.0. The research results demonstrated that, the intake of beverages containing glycerinum could reduce urine output and lower weight loss value, prolong the endurance riding time of bicyclists in high temperature environment, reduce the concentration of blood lactic acid, improve the aerobic exercise ability of sportsmen, relieve nervous tension and fatigue, and improve physical functions.
Perceptions of Service Quality: An Empirical Assessment of Modified SERVQUAL Model among Domestic Airline Carriers in Nigeria
Authors: Ganiyu Rahim A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Literature is replete with a large number of theories related to service quality measurement and dimensions in an airline context. To date, there is no consensus of opinion on the generic model and of the number of dimensions most appropriate to evaluate service quality in airline industry. This study investigates service quality dimensions in the Nigerian airline industry. The cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. Convenience sampling was used to select 800 respondents among departing air travellers in Lagos State. A structured questionnaire containing 28 items was developed to evaluate the perceived service quality of domestic airlines. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and one-sample t-test. The dimensionality of perceived service quality in Nigeria’s airline industry was explored using exploratory factor analysis. From the analysis carried out, it was established that the modified SERVQUAL model provided a satisfactory level of overall reliability in Nigeria’s airline context, which implies that all the items were cohesive in forming the SERVQUAL dimensions. According to the findings of this study, all service quality dimensions are positively and significantly interrelated. The perceived service quality of domestic airlines across these dimensions was found to be poor. The most dissatisfied dimensions in order of ranking were: flight pattern, reliability, facilities, assurance, responsiveness, employee, and customization. On the basis of the aforementioned findings, this study concludes that airline operators should redefine their service standards to one that is customer-focused by identifying the dimension of service quality most preferred by the passengers and continuously strive to improve service delivery. The study recommends that airline operators should recognize the changing needs and expectations of air travellers and customize their range of services by identifying unique service requirements of the individual customers.