bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making the middle classes on shifting ground? Residential status, performativity and middle‐class subjectivities in contemporary London
Authors: Benson Michaela , Jackson Emma 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper argues that shifts in access to housing – both in relation to rental and ownership – disrupt middle‐class reproduction in ways that fundamentally influence class formation. While property ownership has had a long association with middle‐class identities, status and distinction, an increasingly competitive rental market alongside inflated property prices has impacted on expectations and anxieties over housing futures. In this paper, we consider two key questions: (1) What happens to middle‐class identities under the conditions of this wider structural change? (2) How do the middle classes variously manoeuvre within this? Drawing on empirical research conducted in London, we demonstrate that becoming an owner‐occupier may be fractured along lines of class but also along the axes of age, wealth and timing, particularly as this relates to the housing market. It builds on understandings of residential status and place as central to the formation of class, orienting this around the recognition of both people and place as mutable, emphasizing that changing economic and social processes generate new class positionalities and strategies for class reproduction. We argue that these processes are writ large in practices of belonging and claims to place, with wider repercussions within the urban landscape.
Medicare's Acute Care Episode Demonstration: Effects of Bundled Payments on Costs and Quality of Surgical Care
Authors: Chen Lena M. , Ryan Andrew M. , Shih Terry , Thumma Jyothi R. , Dimick Justin B. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether participation in Medicare's Acute Care Episode (ACE) Demonstration Program—an early, small, voluntary episode‐based payment program—was associated with a change in expenditures or quality of care.Data Sources/Study SettingMedicare claims for patients who underwent cardiac or orthopedic surgery from 2007 to 2012 at ACE or control hospitals.Study DesignWe used a difference‐in‐differences approach, matching on baseline and pre‐enrollment volume, risk‐adjusted Medicare payments, and clinical outcomes to identify controls.Principal FindingsParticipation in the ACE Demonstration was not significantly associated with 30‐day Medicare payments (for orthopedic surgery: −$358 with 95 percent CI: −$894, +$178; for cardiac surgery: +$514 with 95 percent CI: −$1,517, +$2,545), or 30‐day mortality (for orthopedic surgery: −0.10 with 95 percent CI: −0.50, 0.31; for cardiac surgery: −0.27 with 95 percent CI: −1.25, 0.72). Program participation was associated with a decrease in total 30‐day post‐acute care payments (for cardiac surgery: −$718; 95 percent CI: −$1,431, −$6; and for orthopedic surgery: −$591; 95 percent CI: $‐$1,161, −$22).ConclusionsParticipation in Medicare's ACE Demonstration Program was not associated with a change in 30‐day episode‐based Medicare payments or 30‐day mortality for cardiac or orthopedic surgery, but it was associated with lower total 30‐day post‐acute care payments.
Effects of Hot‐Pressure Extraction Time on Composition and Gelatin Properties of Chicken Bone Extracts
Authors: Yue Jian‐ying , Wang Jin‐zhi , Zhang Chun‐hui , Jia Wei , Li Xia , Sun Zhen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHot‐pressure extraction was utilized in this study to extract proteins from chicken bones at 130 °C. The obtained extracts were further used to prepare gelatin gels. Results demonstrated that the extraction time can significantly affect the composition of the chicken bone extracts (P < 0.05). High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that the protein fraction of molecular weight (MW) >30 KDa was only visible in the extracts collected between 40 and 60 min. The highest contents of hydroxyproline, imino acids, and hydrophobic amino acids were all achieved in the chicken bone extracts after 120 min of extraction, being 3.9, 7.7, and 16.0 mg/g, respectively. The prepared gelatin properties were evaluated in terms of viscosity, storage and loss modulus, stability, gel strength, and their microstructures. Results indicated that gelatins made from chicken bone extracts of 20, 40, and 60 min extraction had better properties compared to that of 90 and 120 min. Significant correlations were identified between gelatin's composition and properties (P < 0.05). The abundance of proteins with MW of <10 KDa and 10 to 30 KDa was found to be the predominant factor that can affect the gelatin's properties. This study illustrated a promising and natural way to obtain edible gelatins from chicken bones.
The contribution of multiple pregnancies from overseas fertility treatment to obstetric services in a Western Australian tertiary obstetric hospital
Authors: Waller Kylie Anne , Dickinson Jan E. , Hart Roger J. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundIncreasingly couples are travelling overseas to access assisted reproductive technology, known as cross border reproductive care, although the incidence, pregnancy outcomes and healthcare costs are unknown.AimsTo determine obstetric and neonatal outcomes for multiple pregnancies conceived through fertility treatment overseas, and estimate cost of these pregnancies to the health system.Materials and methodsRetrospective study of women receiving care for a multiple gestation between July 2013 and June 2015 at Western Australia's sole tertiary obstetric hospital, where conception was by overseas fertility treatment. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes were recorded and cost estimates calculated.ResultsOf 11 710 births, 422 were multiple pregnancies. Thirty‐seven pregnancies were conceived with fertility treatment, with 11 (29.7%) conceived overseas. Median antenatal clinic attendances, ultrasound examinations, and fetal assessments for the overseas fertility cases were six, 10, and nine, respectively. The gestational age at delivery ranged from 30 to 38 weeks (median 34 + 1). Median neonatal admission duration was 18 days (range 0–47). Cost for obstetric care was estimated between $170 000 and $216 000, and cost of neonatal care was estimated as $810 000, giving a combined total cost of between $980 000 and $1 026 000.ConclusionAt the sole tertiary obstetric centre in WA, approximately one‐third of all multiple pregnancies conceived with fertility treatment resulted from treatment overseas. The Australian healthcare cost for these 11 women and their infants exceeded $1 000 000. This study suggests that overseas fertility treatment has a significant health‐related cost to the mother and infant, and the local healthcare system.
Clinical outcomes following inpatient penicillin allergy testing: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sacco K. A. , Bates A. , Brigham T. J. , Imam J. S. , Burton M. C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundA documented penicillin allergy is associated with increased morbidity including length of hospital stay and an increased incidence of resistant infections attributed to use of broader‐spectrum antibiotics. The aim of the systematic review was to identify whether inpatient penicillin allergy testing affected clinical outcomes during hospitalization.MethodsWe performed an electronic search of Ovid MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library over the past 20 years. Inpatients having a documented penicillin allergy that underwent penicillin allergy testing were included.ResultsTwenty‐four studies met eligibility criteria. Study sample size was between 24 and 252 patients in exclusively inpatient cohorts. Penicillin skin testing (PST) with or without oral amoxicillin challenge was the main intervention described (18 studies). The population‐weighted mean for a negative PST was 95.1% [CI 93.8‐96.1]. Inpatient penicillin allergy testing led to a change in antibiotic selection that was greater in the intensive care unit (77.97% [CI 72.0‐83.1] vs 54.73% [CI 51.2‐58.2], P<.01). An increased prescription of penicillin (range 9.9%‐49%) and cephalosporin (range 10.7%‐48%) antibiotics was reported. Vancomycin and fluoroquinolone use was decreased. Inpatient penicillin allergy testing was associated with decreased healthcare cost in four studies.ConclusionsInpatient penicillin allergy testing is safe and effective in ruling out penicillin allergy. The rate of negative tests is comparable to outpatient and perioperative data. Patients with a documented penicillin allergy who require penicillin should be tested during hospitalization given its benefit for individual patient outcomes and antibiotic stewardship.
Possible effect of landscape design on IgE recognition profiles of two generations revealed with micro‐arrayed allergens
Authors: Garib V. , Wollmann E. , Djambekova G. , Lemell P. , Kmenta M. , Berger U. , Zieglmayer P. , Valenta R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate possible effects of landscape design on the IgE sensitization profile toward inhalant allergens in patients with respiratory allergy from Uzbekistan where green areas have been changed during the last two decades by a State program. Sera from two different generations of Uzbek (n=58) and, for control purposes, from two generations of Austrian (n=58) patients were analyzed for IgE reactivity to 112 different micro‐arrayed allergen molecules by ImmunoCAP ISAC technology. Changes in molecular IgE sensitization profiles to pollen allergens in the young vs the middle‐aged Uzbek population were associated with replanting, whereas those in the Vienna populations reflected natural changes in plant growth. Our data indicate that anthropologic as well as natural changes in the biome may have effects on IgE sensitization profiles already from one to another generation.
Estimating Time-Varying Directed Gene Regulation Networks
Authors: Nie Yunlong , Wang LiangLiang , Cao Jiguo 
Published: March 2017

Summary
The problem of modeling the dynamical regulation process within a gene network has been of great interest for a long time. We propose to model this dynamical system with a large number of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), in which the regulation function is estimated directly from data without any parametric assumption. Most current research assumes the gene regulation network is static, but in reality, the connection and regulation function of the network may change with time or environment. This change is reflected in our dynamical model by allowing the regulation function varying with the gene expression and forcing this regulation function to be zero if no regulation happens. We introduce a statistical method called functional SCAD to estimate a time-varying sparse and directed gene regulation network, and simultaneously, to provide a smooth estimation of the regulation function and identify the interval in which no regulation effect exists. The finite sample performance of the proposed method is investigated in a Monte Carlo simulation study. Our method is demonstrated by estimating a time-varying directed gene regulation network of 20 genes involved in muscle development during the embryonic stage of Drosophila melanogaster.
Drug repurposing from the perspective of pharmaceutical companies
Authors: Cha Y , Erez T , Reynolds I J , Kumar D , Ross J , Koytiger G , Kusko R , Zeskind B , Risso S , Kagan E , Papapetropoulos S , Grossman I , Laifenfeld D 
Published: March 2017

Drug repurposing holds the potential to bring medications with known safety profiles to new patient populations. Numerous examples exist for the identification of new indications for existing molecules, most stemming from serendipitous findings or focused recent efforts specifically limited to the mode of action of a specific drug. In recent years, the need for new approaches to drug research and development, combined with the advent of big data repositories and associated analytical methods, has generated interest in developing systematic approaches to drug repurposing. A variety of innovative computational methods to enable systematic repurposing screens, experimental as well as through in silico approaches, have emerged. An efficient drug repurposing pipeline requires the combination of access to molecular data, appropriate analytical expertise to enable robust insights, expertise and experimental set‐up for validation and clinical development know‐how. In this review, we describe some of the main approaches to systematic repurposing and discuss the various players in this field and the need for strategic collaborations to increase the likelihood of success in bringing existing molecules to new indications, as well as the current advantages, considerations and challenges in repurposing as a drug development strategy pursued by pharmaceutical companies.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc
Reconsidering connectivity in the sub‐Antarctic
Authors: Moon Katherine L. , Chown Steven L. , Fraser Ceridwen I. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTExtreme and remote environments provide useful settings to test ideas about the ecological and evolutionary drivers of biological diversity. In the sub‐Antarctic, isolation by geographic, geological and glaciological processes has long been thought to underpin patterns in the region's terrestrial and marine diversity. Molecular studies using increasingly high‐resolution data are, however, challenging this perspective, demonstrating that many taxa disperse among distant sub‐Antarctic landmasses. Here, we reconsider connectivity in the sub‐Antarctic region, identifying which taxa are relatively isolated, which are well connected, and the scales across which this connectivity occurs in both terrestrial and marine systems. Although many organisms show evidence of occasional long‐distance, trans‐oceanic dispersal, these events are often insufficient to maintain gene flow across the region. Species that do show evidence of connectivity across large distances include both active dispersers and more sedentary species. Overall, connectivity patterns in the sub‐Antarctic at intra‐ and inter‐island scales are highly complex, influenced by life‐history traits and local dynamics such as relative dispersal capacity and propagule pressure, natal philopatry, feeding associations, the extent of human exploitation, past climate cycles, contemporary climate, and physical barriers to movement. An increasing use of molecular data – particularly genomic data sets that can reveal fine‐scale patterns – and more effective international collaboration and communication that facilitates integration of data from across the sub‐Antarctic, are providing fresh insights into the processes driving patterns of diversity in the region. These insights offer a platform for assessing the ways in which changing dispersal mechanisms, such as through increasing human activity and changes to wind and ocean circulation, may alter sub‐Antarctic biodiversity patterns in the future.
The social gradient in oral health: Is there a role for dental anxiety?
Authors: Bernabé Eduardo , Humphris Gerry , Freeman Ruth 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the contribution of dental anxiety to social gradients in different oral health outcomes and whether social gradients in oral health persist once dental anxiety is removed from the population examined.MethodsData from 9035 British adults were analysed. Participants’ socioeconomic position (SEP) was measured through education and household income. Dental anxiety was measured with the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. Poor subjective oral health, oral impacts on quality of life and edentulism among all adults and the number of teeth, the number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) and sextants with pocketing among dentate adults were the oral health outcomes. The contribution of dental anxiety to absolute and relative social inequalities in each oral health outcome (measured with the Slope and Relative Index of Inequality [SII and RII], respectively) was estimated from regression models without and with adjustment for dental anxiety and quantified with the percentage attenuation. Interactions between each SEP indicator and dental anxiety were used to test what would happen if dental anxiety were removed from the whole population.ResultsThe largest contribution of dental anxiety to explaining oral health inequalities was found for education gradients in perceived outcomes (11%‐13%), but dental anxiety explained <4% of social gradients in edentulism. Among dentate adults, dental anxiety accounted for <5% and <7% of education and income gradients, respectively. Only four of the 24 interactions tested were statistically significant. Hence, the education‐ and income‐based SII and RII for oral impacts were nonsignificant among anxiety‐free adults but were significant at higher levels of dental anxiety.ConclusionsLittle support was found for the role of dental anxiety in explaining social inequalities in various perceived and clinical oral health measures. Oral health inequalities were found among both nondentally anxious and anxious participants.
Surgical treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis in Switzerland: comparison of population‐based data over two time periods
Authors: von Strauss und Torney M. , Thommen S. , Dell‐Kuster S. , Hoffmann H. , Rosenthal R. , Young J. , Kettelhack C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThe standard of care for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis used to be an elective colon resection after the second or third episode. This practice was replaced by a more conservative and individualized approach. This study investigates current surgical practice in the treatment of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis in Switzerland.MethodRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis of all hospital admissions due to uncomplicated diverticulitis in Switzerland using prospectively collected data from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office in two periods: 2004/2005 and 2010/2011. Treatment options were compared between the two periods with adjustment for baseline characteristics of patients and treating institutions.ResultsA total of 24 497 patients (11 835 in 2004/2005; 12 662 in 2010/2011) were admitted to Swiss hospitals for uncomplicated diverticulitis. Between periods, the incidence increased from 81 to 85 admissions per 105 inhabitants per year. Elective admissions decreased from 46% (n = 5490) to 34% (n = 4294). The unadjusted resection rate decreased from 40% (n = 4730) to 34% (n = 4308). In the adjusted analysis, inpatients were more likely to have a resection in 2010/2011 than in 2004/2005 [odds ratio of 1.38 (95% confidence interval 1.25–1.54)]. In addition, private insurance, elective mode of admission and younger age increased the odds for resection while there was no evidence of an association between resection and either gender or comorbidities.ConclusionThe probability of colon resection for patients hospitalized with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis increased between periods while the overall number of colon resections declined. A change of practice expected given the paradigm shift towards conservative treatment could not be confirmed in this analysis.
Right ventricular function and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide levels in adult patients with simple dextro‐transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Martínez‐Quintana Efrén , Marrero‐Negrín Natalia , Gopar‐Gopar Silvia , Rodríguez‐González Fayna 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionDextro‐transposition of the great arteries (d‐TGA) patients is at high risk of developing right ventricular dysfunction and tricuspid regurgitation in adulthood. Determining the relation between echocardiographic parameters, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐pro‐BNP) levels and the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class may help determining the best time to operate them.MethodsPatients with simple d‐TGA operated in infancy with an atrial switch procedure (Mustard or Senning operation) were followed up in our Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit. Analytical, echocardiographic, and clinical parameters were determined to evaluate the correlation between right echocardiographic ventricular function, NT‐pro‐BNP levels, and NYHA functional class.ResultsTwenty‐four patients with d‐TGA were operated in infancy of whom 17 alive patients had simple d‐TGA. Nine patients had NT‐pro‐BNP levels lower than 200 pg/mL and eight patients were above 200 pg/mL. Patients with lower hemoglobin concentration, higher right ventricular diameter or under diuretic treatment showed significant higher NT‐pro‐BNP levels (above 200 pg/dL). The Spearman test showed a positive correlation between basal right ventricular diameter and tricuspid regurgitation with pro NT BNP levels (correlation coefficient of .624; P=.017 and .490; P=.046, respectively) and a negative correlation with the right ventricle fractional area change (−.508, P=.045). No correlation was seen between NT‐pro‐BNP levels and the rest of echocardiographic parameters or the NYHA functional class.ConclusionNT‐pro‐BNP levels showed a positive correlation with basal right ventricular diameter and tricuspid regurgitation but not with NYHA association functional class in d‐TGA patients.
A new MICA allele, MICA*007:07, characterized by cloning and sequencing
Authors: Wang W. Y. , Tian W. , Wang F. , Zhu F. M. , Wang P. X. , Xing L. F. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA new MICA allelic variant, MICA*007:07, was identified in an individual of Mongol ethnicity in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, northern China. Following polymerase chain reaction‐sequence‐based typing (PCR‐SBT), this new allele was further confirmed by cloning and sequencing. MICA*007:07 differs from MICA*007:01 by a synonymous mutation from G to A at the 2nd nucleotide position in exon 2. MICA*007:07 was linked to HLA‐B*27:05.
Peri‐vulvar reconstruction using internal pudendal artery perforator flap in female Fournier's gangrene
Authors: Baek Sang O , Park Seong H , Rhie Jong W , Han Hyun H 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFournier's gangrene in female patients has low incidence rate but high mortality rate compared with that in males, with many cases resulting in death at acute phase. This is due to the differences in male and female genital anatomy, which should be fully understood by physicians to increase the patient's survival rate. After crossing the acute phase of the disease by an appropriate treatment, it is important to reconstruct vaginal or vulvar defects according to the patient's three‐dimensional anatomical structures. Perforator flap based on internal pudendal artery is one of the ideal reconstructive techniques to resolve the aforementioned issue. The authors intend to introduce the distinguishing characteristics of Fournier's gangrene in female patients, and the surgical techniques to reconstruct the defects after the acute phase of disease.