bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and support for AI in the public sector: a deliberative poll experiment
Authors: Arnesen Sveinung , Broderstad Troy Saghaug , Fishkin James S. , Johannesson Mikael Poul , Siu Alice 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe are on the verge of a revolution in public sector decision-making processes, where computers will take over many of the governance tasks previously assigned to human bureaucrats. Governance decisions based on algorithmic information processing are increasing in numbers and scope, contributing to decisions that impact the lives of individual citizens. While significant attention in the recent few years has been devoted to normative discussions on fairness, accountability, and transparency related to algorithmic decision-making based on artificial intelligence, less is known about citizens’ considered views on this issue. To put society in-the-loop, a Deliberative Poll was thus carried out on the topic of using artificial intelligence in the public sector, as a form of in-depth public consultation. The three use cases that were selected for deliberation were refugee reallocation, a welfare-to-work program, and parole. A key finding was that after having acquired more knowledge about the concrete use cases, participants were overall more supportive of using artificial intelligence in the decision processes. The event was set up with a pretest/post-test control group experimental design, and as such, the results offer experimental evidence to extant observational studies showing positive associations between knowledge and support for using artificial intelligence.
“Your friendly AI assistant”: the anthropomorphic self-representations of ChatGPT and its implications for imagining AI
Authors: van Es Karin , Nguyen Dennis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes how ChatGPT portrays and describes itself, revealing misleading myths about AI technologies, specifically conversational agents based on large language models. This analysis allows for critical reflection on the potential harm these misconceptions may pose for public understanding of AI and related technologies. While previous research has explored AI discourses and representations more generally, few studies focus specifically on AI chatbots. To narrow this research gap, an experimental-qualitative investigation into auto-generated AI representations based on prompting was conducted. Over the course of a month, ChatGPT (both in its GPT-4 and GPT-4o models) was prompted to “Draw an image of yourself,” “Represent yourself visually,” and “Envision yourself visually.” The resulting data (n = 50 images and 58 texts) was subjected to a critical exploratory visual semiotic analysis to identify recurring themes and tendencies in how ChatGPT is represented and characterized. Three themes emerged from the analysis: anthropomorphism, futuristic/futurism and (social)intelligence. Importantly, compared to broader AI imaginations, the findings emphasize ChatGPT as a friendly AI assistant. These results raise critical questions about trust in these systems, not only in terms of their capability to produce reliable information and handle personal data, but also in terms of human–computer relations.
Enhancing orthogonal finishing machining of Ti6Al4V with laser-ablated tool geometry modifications
Authors: Kneubühler Fabian , Zhang Nanyuan , Haudenschild Livia , Klippel Hagen , Putzer Matthias , Urundolil Kumaran Varun , Kuffa Michal , Wegener Konrad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFinishing machining of Ti6Al4V, known for its high strength and heat conduction resistance, demands optimisation to achieve high-quality end products. This study explores modifying the chip contact length on the rake face and altering the flank face with a cavity to minimise process forces and temperatures while maintaining cutting edge integrity. The research validates the manufacturability of ultra-short pulsed laser-ablated tool geometry modifications, indicating potential for industrial scale-up. Extensive experimental evaluations under dry conditions assess the impact of tool modifications at various feed rates for planing and turning. Significant reductions in process forces and temperatures were observed with rake face modifications, particularly at a cavity distance of approximately 34 µm. Ideal performance was noted for feed rates between 0.035 and 0.045 mm for planing and 0.040 to 0.045 mm/rev for turning. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations employing a Johnson-Cook material model were used to analyse chip formation and to predict the process forces. These simulations revealed a clear change in the chip formation and lower process forces and temperatures. The SPH results closely matched experimental outcomes, with a discrepancy of less than 7 % in cutting forces for both tool types, although feed forces were underestimated by about 50 %. The effect of the tool modification is reflected accurately at the respective feeds.
Image-based chip detection during turning
Authors: Filep Tamás , Andó Mátyás , Szekeres Béla J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a method to analyze chip formation using camera surveillance to enhance safety and efficiency in machine operations. The process involved the face and straight turning of a workpiece under the observation of a camera strategically placed within the workspace. The suggested algorithm carries out initial image preprocessing and edge detection, followed by background subtraction to isolate dynamic elements and filtering based on the size of the objects. Pre-determined masks are applied to eliminate overlaps with existing workspace objects, based on the tool’s trajectory. The research validates that the applied technique effectively recognizes chips in both face and straight turning. Specific filtering techniques improve the algorithm’s capability to detect even smaller chips, and it substantially reduces false alarms, laying the groundwork for long, continuous chip detection systems.
Refraktion- und Visusbestimmung nach Implantation von Multifokal- oder Extended-Depth-of-Focus-Linsen
Authors: Kaymak Hakan , Messerschmidt-Roth Anke 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungEs gibt viele Faktoren, die sich auf die postoperative Zufriedenheit nach Implantation von Intraokularlinsen mit Extended Depth-of-Focus (EDoF) und Multifokallinsen der Patienten auswirken können (z. B. photische Phänomene, postoperative Komplikationen und das Vorhandensein eines trockenen Auges). Das Erreichen der Zielrefraktion sollte jedoch ebenso als signifikanter Faktor für die Zufriedenheit angesehen werden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die Fallstricke auf, die mit der Refraktionsbestimmung bei Patienten mit einer Multifokal- oder EDoF-Linse einhergehen und wie sich der unkorrigierte und korrigierte Visus auf die Zufriedenheit des Patienten auswirken können.
A retrospective cross-sectional study on district-based socioeconomic status and prostate cancer diagnosis
Authors: Yurdakul Ozan , Tuncel Altug , Hassler Melanie R. , Oberneder Katharina , Gamez David V. , Remzi Mesut 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Introduction
Socioeconomic disparities have been linked to delayed prostate cancer diagnosis and poorer outcomes in various countries. This study aims to evaluate the socioeconomic disparities in prostate cancer diagnostics in Vienna, Austria, by examining initial prostate-specific antigen values and age at diagnosis across different districts and nationalities.

Methods
This retrospective study included 1356 prostate cancer patients treated at the Medical University of Vienna between 2012 and 2022. Influence of residential districts and nationalities of the patients on the initial prostate-specific antigen (iPSA) value and on the age at diagnosis were analyzed. Patient data, including iPSA values, residential districts, and nationalities, were retrieved from the hospital’s internal documentation system. The information on average income of residential districts was obtained from the City of Vienna’s municipality data. Nationalities were grouped into EU and non-EU categories. Statistical analyses, including linear regression and t‑tests, were performed to examine the relationship between iPSA values, age at diagnosis, and socioeconomic variables. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between district income and both iPSA values and age at diagnosis.

Results
The study found no significant differences in iPSA values and age at diagnosis between patients from higher income and lower income districts. Additionally, there were no significant differences among individual districts or between EU and non-EU nationals.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that the Austrian healthcare system provides equitable access to prostate cancer diagnostics across different socioeconomic groups.
Multi-attribute-based procedure for seismic loss scenario in a historical area
Authors: Mascheri G. , Chieffo N. , Lourenço P. B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSeismic events have shown to be exceedingly damaging to structures over time, with serious social and economic consequences. As a result, large-scale seismic risk assessments are essential for reducing the potential damage from future earthquakes. Therefore, the proposed study attempts to examine the vulnerability and risk of unreinforced masonry buildings (URM) placed in aggregate conditions in a historical area of the city centre of Lisbon. To this purpose, a comprehensive exposure model was developed combining satellite remote sensing, GIS software, and census data. Subsequently, seismic hazard was evaluated in the area, considering both Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and macro-seismic intensity for different return periods (i.e. 2-50-100-475-975-2500-5000 years). Vulnerability was assessed by introducing a novel approach to earthquake risk assessment using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methodologies. Specifically, the method employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) computational methods to evaluate parameter weights and vulnerability index. Damage scenarios, fragility curves and mean damage ratios curves were provided to offer an overview of the vulnerability of the assets exposed to risk. Finally, the expected consequences were evaluated in terms of direct economic losses showing an economic loss of 595 M€ for a 475-years return period, while 1108 M€ for 5000-years. This study significantly enhances seismic analysis for urban areas by introducing a Multi-Criteria Approach. This method simplifies vulnerability assessment, ensuring ease of application and reproducibility. Its insights offer valuable support for disaster risk management decisions, facilitating the implementation of resilience and risk-reduction strategies.
Biochemical characterization of a recombinant laccase from Halalkalibacterium halodurans C-125 and its application in the biotransformation of organic compounds
Authors: Maati Jihene , Polak Jolanta , Janczarek Monika , Grąz Marcin , Smaali Issam , Jarosz-Wilkołazka Anna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to produce an engineered recombinant laccase from extremophilic Halalkalibacterium halodurans C-125 (Lac-HhC-125) with higher protein yield, into a more active conformation and with properties that meet the fundamental needs of biotechnological application.

Results
The rLac-HhC125 was partially purified by size exclusion chromatography and concentrated by ultrafiltration (10 kDa) with a yield of 57.6%. Oxidation reactions showed that adding 2 mM CuSO4 to the assay solution led to activating the laccase. To increase its initial activity, the rLac-HhC125 was treated at 50 °C for 20 min before the assays, improving its performance by fourfold using the syringaldazine as a substrate. When treated with EDTA, methanol, ethanol, and DMSO, the rLac-HhC125 maintained more than 80% of its original activity. Interestingly, the acetonitrile induced a twofold activity of the rLac-HhC125. The putative rLac-HhC125 demonstrated a capability of efficient transformation of different organic compounds at pH 6, known as dye precursors, into coloured molecules.

Conclusion
The rLac-HhC125 was active at high temperatures and alkaline pH, exhibited tolerance to organic solvents, and efficiently transformed different hydroxy derivatives into coloured compounds, which indicates that it can be used in various biotechnological processes.
The association between body mass index and vulvar and vaginal cancer incidence: findings from a large Norwegian cohort study
Authors: Aune Dagfinn , Nordsletten Marie , Myklebust Tor Åge , Robsahm Trude Eid , Skålhegg Bjørn Steen , Mala Tom , Yaqub Sheraz , Saeed Usman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
There is limited evidence of potential associations between body mass index (BMI) and risk of vulvar and vaginal cancer. We explored these associations in a large cohort of Norwegian women.

Methods
The analytical dataset included 889,441 women aged 16–75 years at baseline in 1963–1975. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between BMI and vulvar and vaginal cancer incidence.

Results
During 30.1 million person-years of follow-up, 1748 incident vulvar and 408 incident vaginal cancer cases occurred. The HRs (95% CIs) for vulvar cancer for a BMI of 15- < 18.5, 18.5- < 25, 25- < 30, 30- < 35, ≥ 35 were 0.62 (0.38–1.01), 1.00 (reference), 1.23 (1.10–1.40), 1.43 (1.23–1.66) and 1.72 (1.35–2.20, ptrend < 0.001), and per 5 kg/m2 increment was 1.20 (1.13–1.26). The corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for vaginal cancer were 1.05 (0.52–2.15), 1.00, 0.89 (0.71–1.12), 0.95 (0.68–1.34), and 2.01 (1.29–3.13, ptrend < 0.001), respectively, and per 5 kg/m2 was 1.11 (0.99–1.25). The HR (95% CI) per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI at ages 16–29 was 1.28 (1.07–1.54, n = 250 cases) for vulvar and 1.53 (1.11–2.11, n = 66 cases) for vaginal cancers. The HR (95% CI) per 5 kg/m2 for early-onset (< 50 years age at diagnosis) vulvar cancer was 0.92 (0.66–1.28, n = 87 cases) and 1.70 (1.05–2.76, n = 21 cases) for vaginal cancer.

Conclusion
These results further support the associations between higher BMI and increased risk of vulvar and vaginal cancers, with suggestive stronger associations between BMI in early adulthood for both cancers and for early-onset vaginal cancer. Further studies are needed to elucidate these findings and investigate the underlying mechanisms.
On the politics of constitutional law: an environmental case study of the role of politics and economics in constitutional appeals
Authors: Lipford Jody W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe U.S. government has responded to concern about climate change through regulation of carbon-dioxide emissions by the Environmental Protection Agency under the Clean Air Act. Regulation of the electric power industry has been central to the fight to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions, but these regulations have been challenged by constitutional appeals that have resulted in episodic advances and reversals. Grounds for constitutional appeal of environmental laws are many, but at their core is the question of whether a given law is consistent with the constitution. If constitutionality is central to the positions the attorneys general take on appeals of environmental regulations, political and economic factors should not affect their positions. Empirical evidence presented in this case study shows, however, that these factors are correlated with the positions the attorneys general of the U.S. states and District of Columbia took towards constitutional appeals of regulations of carbon-dioxide emissions from the electric power industry. At a broader level, these findings shed useful light on the question of how constitutional appeals are brought.
The judicial response to rent controls in Europe: Protecting property rights against state’s intervention?
Authors: Sardo Alessio , Cerruti Gianluca , Mateos Durán Arnulfo Daniel , Grillo Allegra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis essay examines, from a legal and economic perspective, the judicial response to rent controls in the EU focusing on three courts that operate at the fundamental rights and constitutional level: the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), the German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfGE), and the Italian Constitutional Court. Based on an analysis of a sample of judicial decisions rendered over time, a convergent trend emerges: these Courts have recognized and effectively protected the landlord’s property rights against rent controls that were disproportionate and could not ensure a reasonable return on investment. This trend is prominent in the jurisprudence of the ECtHR: the Strasbourg Court has contributed to reshaping the distribution of power between tenants and landlords, encouraging the transition of Eastern and Southern European Countries to the common European housing market. In both upholding and striking down rent control measures, judges generally take market value and the comparative reference price as the preferred benchmarks for fair rent price. A consumption-based and financial characterization of housing, coupled with the fundamental right to derive economic benefits as core elements of the right to property, underpin the legal reasoning of the three Courts.
Suppletion of numerals ‘one’ and ‘two’ in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Wu Danfeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn many languages numerals may appear in different forms depending on the context, which Greenberg (1978) called the contextual and absolute forms respectively. Greenberg made the universal generalization that if a numeral has two forms, then all the lower numerals also do. He then mentioned Mandarin Chinese as an exception because while its numeral ‘2’ has two forms, he thinks that the lower numeral ‘1’ doesn’t. This paper argues for a different view about Mandarin ‘1’–that is, ‘1’ actually has two forms just like ‘2’, despite their segmental identity. Then I argue that the two forms of ‘1’ and ‘2’ are not distinguished by use as Greenberg claimed for ‘2’, but rather by the morphophonological context: the contextual form appears when followed by overt material at the point of vocabulary insertion of the numeral, otherwise the absolute form appears. This generalization, together with the key assumption that vocabulary insertion proceeds bottom-up, leads to a particular structure for enumerating numerals like liǎng gè nv̌hái ‘two girls’, where the Cardinal head liǎng ‘two’ takes the Classifier Phrase gè nv̌hái as its complement. This paper also provides novel evidence suggesting that in Mandarin a complex enumerating numeral like ‘125 pears’ merges the complex cardinal phrase ‘125’ with the Classifier Phrase, supporting He (2015) and challenging Ionin & Matushansky (2016, 2018).
Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Prevention Programming During the Pandemic: How Prevention Educators Navigated COVID-19
Authors: Fishwick Kathryn , Goodman-Williams Rachael , Armenta Estella 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Domestic violence and sexual assault (DVSA) primary prevention programming is often implemented during the school year, but the delivery of such programming was radically altered during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic when traditional in-person classrooms were often replaced by virtual learning. The immediate issue facing schools was getting academic content to students in this new environment, but there has been little research into what those priorities meant for supplementary programming like DVSA prevention education. How DVSA prevention education was affected by the switch to virtual learning remains largely unknown, but prevention educators’ experiences navigating virtual learning environments can offer insight into the implementation and delivery of virtual programming by community agencies.

Method
We conducted 20 interviews with DVSA prevention educators across the midwestern region of the United States. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to understand how DVSA prevention programming was impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
We identified four themes through our analysis: Disconnection, New Expectations, Reduced Access, and Safety Concerns. Interviews with prevention educators highlighted the many challenges of delivering DVSA prevention programming online, as well as ways that they adapted and even made improvements in this new environment.

Conclusion
Many students lost access to DVSA prevention education during the COVID-19 pandemic or received a version strongly impacted by social distancing protocols. Findings indicate that students who would have received DVSA prevention programming during the 2020–2021 school year likely did not receive the full dose of intended programming. Curriculum researchers should develop programming suitable for remote delivery for future incidental and fully online learning environments.
A Qualitative Scoping Review of Community Firearm Violence in Low-Income Settings
Authors: Walsh Colleen S. , Sullivan Terri N. , Kliewer Wendy , Ross Katherine M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFirearm violence is a public health crisis in the United States that disproportionately impacts community members in low-income areas who witness and experience violence and violent victimization at elevated rates compared to other socioeconomic groups, often as result of community disinvestment and systemic racism (Smith et al., Soc Sci Med 246:112587, 2020). While quantitative reviews of firearm violence and related factors exist, a review of qualitative methods and findings regarding exposure to firearm violence has not yet been conducted. This scoping review sought to address a gap in the literature by summarizing the findings of qualitative studies on community firearm violence in low-income settings in the U.S. EBSCO databases, Criminal Justice Abstracts, National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts, ProQuest, and PsycINFO were searched for studies that described the firearm related experiences of individuals and families in low-income communities. Thirty studies met the criteria for review. Findings were situated within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Social-Ecological Model as a framework for prevention (CDC, The social-ecological model: a framework for prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/about/social-ecologicalmodel.html, 2018; Dahlberg and Krug, World Report on violence and health, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2002). A critique of the literature, as well as implications and future directions of findings, are discussed. This study may inform future research questions and programs that center the voices of those most impacted by firearm violence.
Adaptive time step selection for spectral deferred correction
Authors: Baumann Thomas , Götschel Sebastian , Lunet Thibaut , Ruprecht Daniel , Speck Robert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSpectral Deferred Correction (SDC) is an iterative method for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations. It works by refining the numerical solution for an initial value problem by approximately solving differential equations for the error, and can be interpreted as a preconditioned fixed-point iteration for solving the fully implicit collocation problem. We adopt techniques from embedded Runge-Kutta Methods (RKM) to SDC in order to provide a mechanism for adaptive time step size selection and thus increase computational efficiency of SDC. We propose two SDC-specific estimates of the local error that are generic and do not rely on problem specific quantities. We demonstrate a gain in efficiency over standard SDC with fixed step size and compare efficiency favorably against state-of-the-art adaptive RKM.