bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep-water calibration of echosounders used for biomass surveys and species identification
Authors: Haris Kunnath , Kloser Rudy J , Ryan Tim E , Malan Jacques 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Acoustic quantification of aquatic biomass using echosounders requires accurate calibration. With the advancing applications of deep-water echosounders involving moored, towed, profiling and autonomous instruments, calibration of echosounders at the operating depth is needed to ensure unbiased estimates of biomass and species identification. In this context, the deepwater calibration acoustic facility (DeCAF) was used to examine the depth-dependent variations in on-axis gain (G0) and equivalent two-way beam angle (Ψ) of three different transducers, operating at 38 (Simrad ES38-DD and MSI-38) and 120 kHz (Simrad ES120-7CD) used for biomass surveys and species identification. The analyses carried out using the sphere calibration method reveal significant variations in calibrated G0 and Ψ that in combination could result in substantial systemic biases in quantitative biomass estimation and species identification. The depth-dependent G0 variations derived using the DeCAF system are in accordance with available deep-water calibration results, demonstrating reasonable repeatability of target strength measurements (±0.6 dB) over the calibration deployments. Importantly, Ψ of the transducers was calculated to be consistently lower than the values specified by the manufacturer, and for one transducer would result in 18% change in the estimated biomass. These results highlight the potential for bias if the Ψ of transducer is not independently calculated using the actual survey echosounder.
Salvage radiotherapy for second oligo-recurrence in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Miyata Mari , Ohguri Takayuki , Yahara Katsuya , Yamaguchi Shinsaku , Imada Hajime , Korogi Yukunori 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA new concept designated ‘oligo-recurrence (OR)’ has been proposed, which indicates one to several distant metastases/recurrences in one or more organs, which can be treated with local therapy, after the primary site of the cancer has been controlled. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of salvage radiotherapy (RT) for the second OR of breast cancer. The second OR was defined as once-salvaged patients with OR who had a second failure that was also detected as the state of OR. Twenty-one patients with second OR were treated with salvage RT and were retrospectively analyzed. The sites of the second OR were locoregional recurrence in 7 patients and distant metastasis in 14 patients. Salvage RT was performed at a median total dose of 60 Gy. Nineteen (90%) patients had an objective response. The median overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) times were 41 and 24 months after salvage RT for the second OR, respectively. The 3-year local (in-field) control (LC) rates were 93%. The toxicities were mild; acute toxicities ≥Grade 3 were seen in one patient with Grade 3 dermatitis, and no late toxicity ≥Grade 2 was observed. In conclusion, salvage RT for the second OR was able to achieve a better LC rate and longer PFS time without inducing severe toxicity, and therefore may be a potentially effective modality for inducing long-term survival in select patients.
HPV awareness and vaccination rates in college-aged male athletes
Authors: McCutcheon Tonna , Schaar Gina , Herline Alan , Hayes Rachel 
Published: October 2017

Abstract:
College-aged males are at high risk for human papillomavirus (HPV); however, vaccination rates remain low, suggesting minimal HPV knowledge. Therefore, an educational intervention was developed and implemented to determine if an increase in HPV knowledge, perceived HPV risk, intention and perceived self-efficacy to obtain the vaccine, and vaccination rates were observed.
Anticholinergics for asthma: a long history
Authors: Rodrigo Gustavo J. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
To provide a fast overview about the introduction and development of anticholinergic drugs in Western medicine to their current indications particularly in asthma.

Recent findings
Although short-acting muscarinic antagonists have been positioned in the last 15 years for the treatment of adults and children with moderate-to-severe acute asthma in the emergency setting (reducing the risk of hospital admissions and improving lung function), a growing body of evidence has recently emerged that positions the long-acting muscarinic anticholinergic tiotropium bromide as add-on therapy to at least inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) maintenance therapy in adults, adolescents, and children with symptomatic asthma. Thus, the addition of tiotropium bromide to ICS alone or ICS and another controller was associated with significant improvements in spirometric measures and asthma control, and a significantly decrease in the rate of asthma exacerbations.

Summary
Short-acting muscarinic antagonists and tiotropium bromide have a well established role in the treatment of different phases of asthma. Further data are needed to provide more evidence on other selective long-acting muscarinic antagonists in addition to tiotropium as potential treatment options.
Accelerated atheromatosis and arteriosclerosis in primary systemic vasculitides: current evidence and future perspectives
Authors: Argyropoulou Ourania D. , Protogerou Athanase D. , Sfikakis Petros P. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
Primary systemic vasculitides (PSV) encompass a subset of autoimmune diseases, characterized by inflammation of blood vessels. Atheromatosis and arteriosclerosis may be accelerated in several PSV and account for the increased rate of cardiovascular morbidity that some exhibit. We aimed to summarize recent studies reporting on the acceleration of atheromatosis and/or arteriosclerosis in each type of PSV, using state-of-the-art noninvasive vascular biomarkers with clinical value as end points.

Recent findings
Limited number of PSV patients and methodology limitations reduce the value of many published studies. Accelerated atheromatosis, as measured by the use of carotid ultrasonagraphy (plaques and intimal–medial thickening) and increased arterial stiffening, as measured by the use of applanation tonometry (carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity), are currenly well established in Takayasu arteritis, Kawasaki disease and Behcet's disease. The association of atheromatosis and arteriosclerosis with polyarteritis nodosa and small vessel vasculitides remains less established and studied, so far.

Summary
Accelerated atheromatosis and arteriosclerosis or arteriosclerosis are established in some PSV. The potential clinical value of easy-to-measure and clinically useful noninvasive vascular biomarkes prompts the need for large prospective cohorts in order to provide useful future guidance regarding the prognosis and treatment of PSV patients.
Continuous Infraclavicular Brachial Block Versus Single-Shot Nerve Block for Distal Radius Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Ganta Abhishek , Ding David , Fisher Nina , Lavery Jessica , Jain Sudheer , Tejwani Nirmal C. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
To compare the efficacy of an infraclavicular single-shot nerve block to a continuous infusion through an OnQ infusion pump for rebound pain (between 12 and 24 hours postoperatively) and postoperative narcotic analgesia requirements in distal radius fractures.

Design:
Prospective randomized control trial.

Settings:
Performed at 2 hospitals affiliated with a large urban academic medical center.

Patients:
Fifty patients undergoing operative fixation of distal radius fractures (OTA/AO type 23B/C).

Intervention:
Patients were randomized to receive either an infraclavicular block as a single shot (SSB group) or a continuous infusion through an OnQ pump (OnQ group).

Main Outcome Measures:
Visual analog scale (0–10) pain levels and amount of pain medication taken.

Results:
At all time points after discharge, mean postoperative pain scores were lower in the OnQ group versus the SSB group but did not reach statistical significance. At 12 hours postoperatively, the SSB group and OnQ group pain scores, respectively, were 5.2 and 4.1 (P = 0.1615). At 24 hours, the pain scores for the SSB and OnQ group, respectively, were 5.4 and 4.8 (P = 0.1918). At these same time points, the Percocet taken were the same at 1.3 and 2.3 (P = 0.8328 and 0.8617). Overall 5 of 24 patients in the OnQ group had pump malfunctions with 4 being removed before 48 hours.

Conclusion:
OnQ pump is not associated with statistically improved postoperative pain control compared with a single nerve block for distal radius fractures and did not address rebound pain.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Racial Differences in Palliative Care Use After Stroke in Majority-White, Minority-Serving, and Racially Integrated U.S. Hospitals
Authors: Faigle Roland , Ziai Wendy C. , Urrutia Victor C. , Cooper Lisa A. , Gottesman Rebecca F. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
Racial/ethnic differences in palliative care resource use after stroke have been recognized, but it is unclear whether patient or hospital characteristics drive this disparity. We sought to determine whether palliative care use after intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke differs between hospitals serving varying proportions of minority patients.

Design:
Population-based cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Inpatient hospital admissions from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2007 and 2011.

Patients:
A total of 46,735 intracerebral hemorrhage and 331,521 ischemic stroke cases.

Interventions:
Palliative care use.

Measurements and Main Results:
Intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke admissions were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2007 and 2011. Hospitals were categorized based on the percentage of ethnic minority stroke patients (< 25% minorities [“white hospitals”], 25–50% minorities [“mixed hospitals”], or > 50% minorities [“minority hospitals”]). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between race/ethnicity and palliative care use within and between the different hospital strata. Stroke patients receiving care in minority hospitals had lower odds of palliative care compared with those treated in white hospitals, regardless of individual patient race/ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50–0.84 for intracerebral hemorrhage and odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.50–0.77 for ischemic stroke). Ethnic minorities had a lower likelihood of receiving palliative care compared with whites in any hospital stratum, but the odds of palliative care for both white and minority intracerebral hemorrhage patients was lower in minority compared with white hospitals (odds ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50–0.87 for white and odds ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46–0.88 for minority patients). Similar results were observed in ischemic stroke.

Conclusions:
The odds of receiving palliative care for both white and minority stroke patients is lower in minority compared with white hospitals, suggesting system-level factors as a major contributor to explain race disparities in palliative care use after stroke.
Patterns of Failure in Patients With Adult Medulloblastoma Presenting Without Extraneural Metastasis
Authors: Mokhtech Meriem , Morris Christopher G. , Indelicato Daniel J. , Rutenberg Michael S. , Amdur Robert J. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to evaluate long-term outcomes, specifically patterns of tumor recurrence, in patients with adult medulloblastoma treated with radiotherapy.

Methods:
We recorded outcomes of 28 (median age, 25 y) patients 18 years old or above with M0 to M3 medulloblastoma treated between 1971 and 2012. Among them, 61% had standard-risk disease. All received craniospinal irradiation with a posterior fossa boost. Median dose to the craniospinal axis was 36 Gy. Median total dose to the primary site was 55.9 Gy and 46% received chemotherapy.

Results:
Median follow-up among survivors was 14.2 years. At 5 and 10 years, local control was 80% and 73%, overall survival was 71% and 59%, cause-specific survival was 71% and 63%, and freedom from progression was 68% and 59%. Tumors recurred in 11 patients (39%); median time to recurrence was 2.4 years, and 82% of recurrences developed in patients with standard-risk disease. Of the recurrences, 55% involved the primary site; 36% were bone metastases without neural axis recurrence. There were no isolated recurrences in the spinal canal or ventricular system outside of the posterior fossa.

Conclusion:
The primary site is the main site of medulloblastoma recurrence, with isolated bone metastases more common in adults than children. Our results prompt us to consider 4 modifications to our treatment approach with adults who present with medulloblastoma: (1) initial staging to include PET or bone scan; (2) radiotherapy dose to the primary site of 59.4 Gy; (3) chemotherapy during and/or following radiotherapy in medically fit patients; (4) follow-up to include PET or bone scan twice a year for 3 years.
Diagnosis of Axillary Web Syndrome in Patients After Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Figueira Patricia V.G. , Haddad Cinira A.S. , de Almeida Rizzi Samantha K.L. , Facina Gil , Nazario Afonso C.P. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
Axillary web syndrome (AWS) is a complication after breast cancer surgery associated with the axillary approach. We defined a diagnosis tool as well as evaluated cord frequency, characteristics, and risk factors.

Methods:
A prospective cohort study of 173 women followed-up at Breast Diseases Division of Universidade Federal de São Paulo between July 2014 and September 2015 was established as an evaluation protocol to diagnose AWS. Sociodemographic status, anthropometric values, range of motion, comorbidities, pain, cord frequency, and characteristics (localization, number, palpable, and/or visible) among other data were collected at different time points before and after surgery.

Results:
The majority of the cords appeared by the seventh day (66.1%), and the total incidence of the cords was 90.9% at the 180th day. The axilla was the place for 80% of the occurrence of AWS, and >70% of the cords were palpable. Flexion and abduction of the shoulder showed reduced range of motion. Pain was present in 39.7% of the patients. Lymphadenectomy as well as hypertension were associated with increased risk of cord development; diabetes was associated with a decreased risk.

Conclusions:
The evaluation protocol applied here showed a high incidence of AWS, with palpable cords more frequent than visible ones. The significance of hypertension and diabetes mellitus as risk factors for cord development in AWS should be evaluated in future studies. The evaluation protocol developed in this study seems to be of great importance for early detection of AWS and could also be valuable for future treatment planning.
Keratitis After Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
Authors: Pradhan Aditya , Basak Samar , Chowdhury Tuhin , Mohanta Ayan , Chatterjee Ananya 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
To report 2 cases of keratitis occurring after post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in immunocompetent patients.

Methods:
Case report and literature review.

Results:
Two male patients presented with a dense stromal infiltrate in the temporal and superior aspects of the cornea, respectively. Microbiological workup in both patients did not show any offending organism. Both patients were undergoing treatment for PKDL in the form of oral miltefosine. After careful deliberation, topical prednisolone was started under antibiotic cover for both patients with close follow-up. There was a dramatic improvement with resolution of the infiltrate and a good visual outcome.

Conclusions:
We present the first reported cases of keratitis after PKDL, which responded to topical corticosteroid therapy. The treating clinician must be made aware of such a presentation of leishmaniasis especially in endemic areas.
Prospective Clinical Trial of Corneal Reconstruction With Biomaterial-Free Cultured Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cell Sheets
Authors: Kim Yu Jeong , Lee Hyun Ju , Ryu Jin Suk , Kim Yun Hee , Jeon Saewha , Oh Joo Youn , Choung Ho Kyung , Khwarg Sang In , Wee Won Ryang , Kim Mee Kum 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
To investigate the efficacy and safety of transplantation with biomaterial-free cultured oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets (COMECs) for ocular reconstruction in subjects with total limbal stem cell deficiency.

Methods:
A prospective clinical trial (NCT02149732) was conducted in 8 subjects with total limbal stem cell deficiency after approval from the institutional review board of Seoul National University Hospital (H-0707-043-213) and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea. COMECs were prepared in a culture system without the use of any temperature-sensitive polymers or carriers. The COMECs were transplanted without suture fixation. Four subjects underwent penetrating keratoplasty after stabilization of the COMEC transplant. Stable epithelialization, changes in visual acuity, and postoperative complications were evaluated for 6 months. Corneal cytokeratins (K) of 4 subjects who underwent penetrating keratoplasty were stained with an immunofluorescent agent.

Results:
The ocular surface was successfully reconstructed in 6 eyes. Complete stable epithelialization was achieved within a mean of 53.6 days. Visual improvement (≥2 lines) was achieved in 62.5% of the eyes. K12 (corneal phenotype), K4, and K13 (mucosal phenotype) were well expressed in grafts after keratoplasty, whereas K1, K8, and K19 were barely expressed. No ocular infections, local tumor formation, or remarkable systemic complications were observed. Ocular reconstruction using COMECs failed in 2 eyes, which had full symblepharon in 4 quadrants.

Conclusions:
Transplanting biomaterial-free COMECs seems to be an efficient and safe procedure to reconstruct the ocular surface in patients who are completely limbal stem cell deficient without a full symblepharon.
H. pylori infection and gastric cancer in Bangladesh: a case-control study
Authors: Sarker Khandker Kawser , Kabir Md. Jahangir , Bhuyian A.K.M. Minhaj uddin , Alam Md. Shahjadul , Chowdhury Fazle Rabbi , Ahad M. Abdul , Rahman Md. Anisur , Rahman M. Mizanur 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Like that of other Asian countries gastric cancer (GC) is also a leading cancer in Bangladesh and also a cause for cancer-related mortality. Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the strongest recognized risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. The infection is also prevalent in common people. This case-control study was carried out to find an association between GC and H. pylori infection in the community.

Materials and Methods:
To evaluate association of H. pylori and carcinoma of stomach this study was conducted at National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital, Dhaka from January 2013 to December 2014. H. pylori status was determined serologically by using H. pylori kit in the department of Biochemistry laboratory of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. In total, 114 patients with GC and 520 patients not having GC were studied as controls. Logistic regression method was used to calculate the odds ratio.

Results:
Significantly more patients in the case group (86.8%) were found to be seropositive for H. pylori antigen in contrast to the control group (67.5%). All of the cases in the present study were in advanced stage. No significant association between H. pylori seropositivity and tumor location was found. It was noted that undifferentiated gastric carcinoma had slightly more association with H. pylori infection. Younger H. pylori–infected patients had been found to be at higher relative risk for GC than older patients.

Conclusion:
As there is a strong association found between GC and H. pylori infection special emphasis to eradicate H. pylori infection might reduce the incidence of this dreadly disease.
Hybrid Deep Learning on Single Wide-field Optical Coherence tomography Scans Accurately Classifies Glaucoma Suspects
Authors: Muhammad Hassan , Fuchs Thomas J. , De Cuir Nicole , De Moraes Carlos G. , Blumberg Dana M. , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Ritch Robert , Hood Donald C. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
Existing summary statistics based upon optical coherence tomographic (OCT) scans and/or visual fields (VFs) are suboptimal for distinguishing between healthy and glaucomatous eyes in the clinic. This study evaluates the extent to which a hybrid deep learning method (HDLM), combined with a single wide-field OCT protocol, can distinguish eyes previously classified as either healthy suspects or mild glaucoma.

Methods:
In total, 102 eyes from 102 patients, with or suspected open-angle glaucoma, had previously been classified by 2 glaucoma experts as either glaucomatous (57 eyes) or healthy/suspects (45 eyes). The HDLM had access only to information from a single, wide-field (9×12 mm) swept-source OCT scan per patient. Convolutional neural networks were used to extract rich features from maps derived from these scans. Random forest classifier was used to train a model based on these features to predict the existence of glaucomatous damage. The algorithm was compared against traditional OCT and VF metrics.

Results:
The accuracy of the HDLM ranged from 63.7% to 93.1% depending upon the input map. The retinal nerve fiber layer probability map had the best accuracy (93.1%), with 4 false positives, and 3 false negatives. In comparison, the accuracy of the OCT and 24-2 and 10-2 VF metrics ranged from 66.7% to 87.3%. The OCT quadrants analysis had the best accuracy (87.3%) of the metrics, with 4 false positives and 9 false negatives.

Conclusions:
The HDLM protocol outperforms standard OCT and VF clinical metrics in distinguishing healthy suspect eyes from eyes with early glaucoma. It should be possible to further improve this algorithm and with improvement it might be useful for screening.
Relationship Between Optic Nerve Head Drusen Volume and Structural and Functional Optic Nerve Damage
Authors: Skaat Alon , Muylaert Stephanie , Mogil Rachel S. , Furlanetto Rafael L. , Netto Camila F. , Banik Rudrani , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Ritch Robert , Park Sung Chul 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to assess the relationships between optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) volume, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and visual field (VF) loss.

Methods:
Patients with ONHD and no other ocular or systemic conditions that can affect RNFL or VF were enrolled. Serial enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) B-scans of the optic nerve head (interval between scans, ~30 μm) were obtained from each participant. ONHD volume was calculated for each eye by delineating the ONHD masses in each OCT B-scan using 3-dimensional reconstruction software.

Results:
A total of 47 eyes (28 patients) with ONHD were included (mean age, 57±16 y). ONHD volume varied considerably [0.265±0.227 (range, 0.005 to 0.855)] mm3. Linear and quadratic regression analyses demonstrated that ONHD volume is significantly associated with both global average RNFL thickness (linear R
2=0.531, quadratic R
2=0.557; P<0.001) and VF mean deviation (linear R
2=0.519, quadratic R
2=0.522; P<0.001). ONHD were most prevalent in the nasal quadrant (46 eyes, 98%), followed by superior, inferior and temporal quadrants [35 (74%), 30 (64%), and 16 (34%) eyes respectively]. The proportion of eyes with OCT RNFL defects (81%; 38/47 eyes) was significantly greater than that with VF defects (60%; 28/47 eyes) (P<0.001). RNFL defects were detected in 10 of the 19 eyes with no VF defects. RNFL defects were detected in all 28 eyes with VF defects.

Conclusions:
ONHD volume generally correlates with structural and functional optic nerve damage.