bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the transition from dexmedetomidine to clonidine for agitation management in the intensive care unit
Authors: Terry Kimberly , Blum Rachel , Szumita Paul 
Published: December 2015

Objectives: Limited literature exists examining the use of enteral clonidine to transition patients from dexmedetomidine for management of agitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate dexmedetomidine discontinuation within 8 h of enteral clonidine administration in addition to the rates of dexmedetomidine re-initiation in patients who failed clonidine transition. Methods: A single-center, retrospective analysis evaluated critically ill adult patients from 1 February 2013 to 28 February 2014, who used dexmedetomidine and clonidine for sedation management. Patients were excluded if they received enteral clonidine for reasons other than sedation management. Secondary aims of the study observed time to dexmedetomidine discontinuation, agitation (Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale) and delirium ratings (Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit), clonidine dose, and enteral clonidine discontinuation. Results: In all, 26 patients were evaluated. Demographics included a mean age of 54.4 (±16.7) years, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 18 (interquartile range = 14–22), and 80.7% of admissions to the cardiac surgery intensive care unit. Dexmedetomidine discontinuation occurred in 17 (65.4%) patients within 8 h of receiving clonidine. The total median clonidine exposure per intensive care unit day was 0.35 mg/ICU day (interquartile range = 0.2–0.5) in patients who discontinued dexmedetomidine within 8 h and 0.5 mg/ICU day (interquartile range = 0.4–1.0) (p = 0.036) in patients who did not. We observed similar Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale and Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit scores and rates of hypotension. Unintentional use of clonidine beyond ICU and hospital stay was observed in 54% and 23% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: Enteral clonidine may be an effective and safe alternative to transition patients off of dexmedetomidine for ongoing sedation management. Clinicians should critically evaluate the need for clonidine at ICU and hospital discharge. More studies comparing the use of clonidine to transition from dexmedetomidine infusions are needed.
Practice implications and recommendations for managing codeine misuse and dependence
Authors: Bergin Michael , Norman Ian , Foley Michelle , Harris Richard , Rapca Anna , Rich Eileen , Hout Marie-Claire Van 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Codeine, a weak opiate, requires increased pharmacovigilance relating to availability, heterogeneous nature of misuse, dependence and associated harm. A scoping review of literature on codeine was conducted using Arksey & O’Malley’s framework (1). Databases searched included PubMed, EBSCO Host, Science Direct, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane library and Medline from 1994 to 2014. Follow-up search strategies involved hand searching and searching of pharmaceutical, health, medical and drug related websites. Initial zscreening identified 3,105 articles with 475 meeting the inclusion criteria. Eight broad categories organised the literature, data charting and qualitative synthesis. This paper presents implications for practice and makes recommendations to address these issues. Themes identified relate to raising public and practitioner awareness, risk management, dispensing practices and monitoring and surveillance of codeine. Evidence to inform law enforcement, drug surveillance, public health initiatives, harm reduction approaches, pharmacy, clinical and treatment practices is warranted.
The Facebook Phenomenon for Collaborative Learning for University Studies
Authors: Volungevičienė Airina , Teresevičienė Margarita , Mejerytė- Narkevičienė Kristina 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article defines the shift in the concept and conditions of collaborative learning for university studies using the social networking tool Facebook and discusses the collaborative learning effect in terms of using Open Educational Resources (OER), creating learning artefacts and new generic competence development. In order to evaluate students’ learning through collaboration in Facebook, qualitative research method and survey of generic competencies based on the Tuning project framework (2003) were used. The data was collected through focus group interviews and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The qualitative research method was chosen because it provides information of how students collaborate and what experience they gained during the activities. First, Facebook online groups have been identified at three different levels at VMU. The Facebook first level group was the social networking of Vytautas Magnus University’s students and academic staff. The second level group was created for the department dealing with social sciences, and is called “Department of Social Science”. The third level group is “Education Service Management” within the Department of Education. The research was done at the third level group with the students of the “Education Service Management” study programme. As research results show, Facebook as a social network has been changing communication between students, by facilitating the exchange of information and knowledge. The research analyses Facebook in the context of undergraduate university studies, based upon the experience of Vytautas Magnus University (VMU) for using Facebook for university studies. It could be concluded that learning is about developing capabilities to think and to act. Learners using social networking tools for collaborative learning, act, provide feedback and peer-review, asses and rate information. Openness is based on the idea that knowledge is disseminated and shared freely for the benefit of society as a whole. University students collaborate online and learn by using and exchanging OER, as well as developing them as the artefacts of online collaborative learning. They influence task design by creating “educational resources” themselves.
Impact of Interdialytic Weight Gain (IDWG) on Nutritional Parameters, Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Kahraman Aysegul , Akdam Hakan , Alp Alper , Huyut Mustafa Ahmet , Akgullu Cagdas , Balaban Tuba , Dinleyen Fadime , Topcu Aynur , Gelmez Husniye , Atakan Nevin , Akar Harun , Yenicerioglu Yavuz 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Introduction. The amount of interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) considering body weight is of great importance in hemodialysis patients. In general practice, patients are asked to get standard weight between two hemodialysis sessions. However, it should be individualized considering patient’s weight. We aimed to determine the association between the IDWG and the nutritional parameters, cardiovascular risk factors, and quality of life.
Methods. Thrity-two patients receiving hemodialysis at least for one year were enrolled into the study. Patients were monitored for 12 consecutive hemodialysis sessions; and the arithmetic mean of IDWG was calculated. IDWG% was calculated in accordance with patients’ dry weight. Data of patients with IDWG<3% (Group I) and IDWG≥3 (Group II) were compared. Sociodemographic variables, laboratory, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, left ventricular mass index, Subjective Global Assessment Scale and SF-36 Quality of Life Scale were applied to evaluate the patients.
Results. 59.4% (n=19) and 40.6% (n=13) of patients were included in Group I and Group II, respectively. In Group II, albumin (p=0.02), potassium (p=0.02), phosphorus (p=0.04), nPCR (p=0.03), physical function (p=0.04), role limitations caused by physical problems (p=0.04), general health (p=0.03), physical quality of life (p=0.04) scores were significantly higher. A significant correlation was detected between IDWG and physical and mental quality of life, total score SF-36, albumin, total protein and the potassium values.
Conclusions. Patients with an IDWG ≥ 3% have better nutritional parameters and quality of life scales. The limiting of IDWG to 1-2 kg, ingoring patient weight may give rise to malnutrition and a reduced quality of life.
Successful Continuation of Peritoneal Dialysis after "Sweet" Hydrothorax
Authors: Soyaltin Utku Erdem , Ekinci Ferhat , Ayatan Denizhan , Turemis Cihangir , Yildirim Mustafa , Akar Harun 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A 44-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease presented with dyspnea on exertion and a vague chest pain about two weeks after commencing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) four months ago. A chest x-ray revealed massive unilateral right-sided pleural effusion. Laboratory analysis of the effusion revealed low protein and lactate dehydrogenase but elevated glucose levels were consistent with transudate and pleuroperitoneal leakage. Pleural glucose concentration was much higher than patients’ serum glucose concentration, which was suggestive of "sweet" hydrothorax because of this high glucose concentration. It is advisable to keep this condition in mind among the differenttial diagnoses of hydrothorax in patients on CAPD.
Central Nervous System Involvement under Intensive Immunosuppressive Treatment in a Patient Diagnosed with Granulomatosis Polyangiitis: A Case Report
Authors: Celebi Zeynep Kendi , Kucuksahin Orhan , Peker Elif , Kutlay Sim , Nergizoglu Gokhan , Ates Kenan , Karatan Oktay 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Granulomatosis polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis) is an ANCA-associated necrotising vasculitis. The disease involves upper respiratory tract, the lungs and kidneys but central nervous system (CNS) involvement is 1-5%.
A 40-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with joint pain, rash, aphthous lesions. The skin biopsy from the lesion showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The patient had c-ANCA positive and was diagnosed granulomatosis polyangiitis. He was treated with a pulse steroid and cyclophosphamide. Before the 5th session of therapy, the patient developed hemoptysis and hematuria. Thorax CT (computarized tomography) showed a diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and hence plasmapheresis and IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) were added to the treatment. Two days after IVIG, the patient developed globe vesical, headache and respiratory arrest. MR (magnetic resonance) showed CNS involvement. The patient was treated with a pulse steroid, but did not respond to therapy and died after 5 months since establishing the diagnosis.
More studies are needed to identify effective treatment and course of disease for patients with central nervous system involvement.
Comparison of the clinical utility of the Elia CTD Screen to indirect immunofluorescence on Hep-2 cells
Authors: Robier Christoph , Amouzadeh-Ghadikolai Omid , Stettin Mariana , Reicht Gerhard 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe compared the Elia CTD Screen (ECS), a fluoroenzymeimmunoassay incorporating 17 human antinuclear antigens (ANA), with indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on Hep-2 cells in order to determine the clinical utility of the ECS in additon to or without IIF.We examined 1708 consecutive serum samples submitted for ANA testing using the ECS and IIF in parallel. Positive screen results were further examined by quantitative fluoroenzymeimmunoassays and/or immunoblots for antibody identification. The medical records were evaluated for systemic rheumatic disorders.Concordance between ECS and IIF was observed in 1344 (78.8%) samples. ECS had a better detection rate for anti-dsDNA, -SSA/Ro, -SSB/La, -U1RNP and -Jo-1 antibodies, whereas IIF was superior in the detection of anti-CENP-B antibodies as well as anti-histone, -nucleosome and -Pl-12 antibodies, which are not included in the ECS antigen panel. ECS had a 100% sensitivity for Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic sclerosis and Sharp syndrome. The sensitivity for Sjögren’s syndrome was slightly higher for ESC than for IIF (94%). IIF had a higher diagnostic sensitivity for systemic lupus erythematosus, indeterminated connective tissue disease, Raynaud’s syndrome and limited scleroderma, compared to ESC (100% vs. 80%, 100 vs. 75%, 89 vs. 57%, 100 vs. 88.9%).Our results suggest that the ECS represents an appropriate diagnostic tool for ANA screening. However, since some antigens are not incorporated in the ECS panel, and some ANA can also be missed by IIF, sequential or parallel screening with ECS and IIF may be reasonable when the clinical suspicion for connective tissue disease is high.
Great migration: epigenetic reprogramming and germ cell-oocyte metamorphosis determine individual ovarian reserve
Authors: Celik Onder , Aygun Banu Kumbak , Celik Nilufer , Aydin Suleyman , Haberal Esra Tustas , Sahin Levent , Yavuz Yasemin , Celik Sudenaz 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Emigration is defined as a synchronized movement of germ cells between the yolk sack and genital ridges. The miraculous migration of germ cells resembles the remigration of salmon traveling from one habitat to other. This migration of germ cells is indispensible for the development of new generations. It is not, however, clear why germ cells differentiate during migration but not at the place of origin. In order to escape harmful somatic signals which might disturb the proper establishment of germ cells forced germ cell migration may be necessary. Another reason may be to benefit from the opportunities of new habitats. Therefore, emigration may have powerful effects on the population dynamics of the immigrant germ cells. While some of these cells do reach their target, some others die or reach to wrong targets. Only germ cell precursors with genetically, and structurally powerful can reach their target. Likewise, epigenetic reprogramming in both migratory and post-migratory germ cells is essential for the establishment of totipotency. During this journey some germ cells may sacrifice themselves for the goodness of the others. The number and quality of germ cells reaching the genital ridge may vary depending on the problems encountered during migration. If the aim in germ cell specification is to provide an optimal ovarian reserve for the continuity of the generation, then this cascade of events cannot be only accomplished at the same level for every one but also are manifested by several outcomes. This is significant evidence supporting the possibility of unique individual ovarian reserve.
Neuromuscular Responses to Short-Term Resistance Training With Traditional and Daily Undulating Periodization in Adolescent Elite Judoka
Authors: Ullrich Boris , Pelzer Thiemo , Oliveira Sergio , Pfeiffer Mark 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Ullrich, B, Pelzer, T, Oliveira, S, and Pfeiffer, M. Neuromuscular responses to short-term resistance training with traditional and daily undulating periodization in adolescent elite judoka. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2083–2099, 2016—The influence of different periodization models on neuromuscular outcomes after short-term strength training periods has not been examined in adolescent athletes. Eleven elite judoka (age: 14.8 ± 0.6 years, height: 163.2 ± 7.5 cm, body mass: 57.3 ± 11.1 kg, 5 boys/6 girls, and strength training experience: 2.7 ± 1.1 years) performed two 4-week strength training mesocycles (each with 12 sessions) with either traditional (TP) or daily undulating (DUP) periodization. Both mesocycles were separated by a 7-week washout period and added to the regular judo training. Strength training was performed as lifting and lowering of weights using squats, knee flexion curl, clean & jerk, snatch, bench press, barbell bench pull, and lat pull-down. The mesocycles were equated for the number of repetitions and different intensity zones (50–90% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM]), addressing the optimization of strength, power, or velocity. Laboratory and 1RM testing was carried out 2 times during the baseline (T1 and T2), after the TP mesocycle (T3), after the washout period (T4), and after the DUP mesocycle (T5). Isometric knee extensor and knee flexor maximum voluntary contractive capacity (MVC), electromyographic-estimated neural drive of the quadriceps femoris, vastus lateralis (VL) muscle architecture, and 1RMs of all training exercises were measured. ANOVA revealed moderate (5.5–13.5%) but significant (p ≤ 0.05) temporal gains in knee extensor MVC, 1RMs, and VL architecture during both the mesocycles. Wilcoxon tests detected no significant differences for the percentage changes of any outcome between the mesocycles. For adolescent judoka, TP and DUP were equally adept in improving neuromuscular outcomes during short-term training periods.
Convergence of cMyc and β‐catenin on Tcf7l1 enables endoderm specification
Authors: Morrison Gillian , Scognamiglio Roberta , Trumpp Andreas , Smith Austin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe molecular machinery that directs formation of definitive endoderm from pluripotent stem cells is not well understood. Wnt/β‐catenin and Nodal signalling have been implicated, but the requirements for lineage specification remain incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate a potent effect of inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) on definitive endoderm production. We find that downstream of GSK3 inhibition, elevated cMyc and β‐catenin act in parallel to reduce transcription and DNA binding, respectively, of the transcriptional repressor Tcf7l1. Tcf7l1 represses FoxA2, a pioneer factor for endoderm specification. Deletion of Tcf7l1 is sufficient to allow upregulation of FoxA2 in the presence of Activin. In wild‐type cells, cMyc contributes by reducing Tcf7l1 mRNA, while β‐catenin acts on Tcf7l1 protein. GSK3 inhibition is further required for consolidation of endodermal fate via upregulation of Sox17, highlighting sequential roles for Wnt signalling. The identification of a cMyc/β‐catenin‐Tcf7l1‐FoxA2 axis reveals a de‐repression mechanism underlying endoderm induction that may be recapitulated in other developmental and patho‐logical contexts.
Caracterización de los lepóridos (MAMMALIA: LEPORIDAE) del bosque seco tropical del departamento del Tolima (Colombia)
Authors: Castañeda Román D. , Viana Carlos E. , Buitrago Luis A. 
Published: December 2015

Un número de lepóridos del bosque seco tropical del departamento del Tolima (Colombia), no ha sido caracterizado. Con este objetivo se capturaron 22 lepóridos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 13 para realizar estudios morfométricos y citogenéticos. Se tomaron muestras de sangre para determinar el número cromosómico y se evaluaron parámetros morfométricos, entre ellos medidas craneales y corporales. Se encontró en todos los lepóridos un número cromosómico 2n = 38. Esta información junto con las medidas morfométricas permitieron establecer que dichos lepóridos hacen parte de la especie Sylvilagus brasiliensis, los cuales se han adaptado a las condiciones particulares de la región.
Effect of vitamin B12 supplementation on glycemic control in poorly controlled hyperhomocysteinemic type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Keche Yogendra Narayanrao , Yegnanarayan Radha , Bhat Shreepad 
Published: December 2015

<p class="Abstract">This study was conducted to observe the effect of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> supplementation on glycemic control in poorly controlled hyperhomocysteinemic type 2 diabetic patients by measuring HbA1c levels at baseline and 4 weeks. Patient having serum homocysteine more than 15 µmol/L or vitamin B<sub>12</sub> less than 223 pg/mL were enrolled in this study. One group received methylcobalamin 500 µg daily with their usual anti-diabetic therapy and the other group received only suitable anti-diabetic drug therapy. Methylcobalamin 500 µg was given daily for period of 4 weeks. Glycemic control was measured by levels of HbA1c, blood sugar at baseline and at 4 weeks. Serum homocysteine levels was reduced from 21.5 ± 2.6 to 15.4 ± 6.4 (p=0.04) with vitamin B<sub>12</sub> supplementation at 4 weeks. At 4 weeks, HbA1c decreased from 9.9 ± 0.9 to 8.7 ± 0.5 (p&lt;0.01) in vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficient patients after vitamin B<sub>12</sub> supplementation. There is role of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> in glycemic control in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients.</p><p> </p>
La biodiversité en question
Authors: Blandin Patrick 
Published: December 2015

L’invasion fulgurante du mot « biodiversity » dans les sphères scientifiques et politico-médiatiques, après la Conférence de Rio de Janeiro, en 1992, a pu faire croire à l’émergence d’un nouveau domaine scientifique. En réalité, la question de la diversité du monde vivant est constitutive de l’histoire naturelle depuis que celle-ci existe. Au cours du XX e siècle, les écologistes n’ont pas attendu la parution de l’ouvrage BioDiversity (Wilson & Peter, 1988) pour réfléchir à la façon de rendre compte de la diversité des espèces au sein des systèmes écologiques, pour s’interroger sur les processus de diversification et rechercher la signification fonctionnelle de cette diversité. Cent ans après la parution de On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection , où Darwin montrait toute l’importance des « variations », l’écologue George E. Hutchinson publiait un article lumineux sur ce que l’on pourrait appeler l’écologie de la diversification. Dès les années 1950, et jusqu’au début des années 1980, de nombreux scientifiques ont cherché à mesurer ce qui était appelé la diversité spécifique, et à la caractériser par des formulations mathématiques, tandis que d’autres exploraient les relations entre cette diversité et la stabilité des systèmes écologiques, guidés par l’intuition que des systèmes plus diversifiés devraient être plus stables. Pourtant, dès 1971, Stuart H. Hurlbert affirmait qu’à force d’avoir été définie de façon variée et disparate, la diversité spécifique était devenue un « non-concept ». Edward O. Wilson, en 1988, s’était gardé de proposer une définition précise de la biodiversité. Bien d’autres s’en chargèrent par la suite. Répétition de l’histoire ? Jacques Blondel écrivait en 1995 que le concept de « biodiversité » n’était qu’une coquille vide. Est-ce à dire que la diversité du vivant, même transformée en « biodiversité », n’est pas un concept scientifique ? L’analyse de travaux s’échelonnant des années 1950 aux années 1980 permet de cerner les questionnements sur la diversité des espèces auxquels se sont affrontés les écologistes, et de voir comment ont interagi intuitions, constructions théoriques et recherches empiriques. L’invention de la biodiversité a-t-elle fait progresser la recherche ? Un regard sur quelques publications d’après Rio permet d’ébaucher une réponse.
La biodiversité en question
Authors: Barberousse Anouk , Samadi Sarah 
Published: December 2015

Les taxonomistes ont pour vocation d’inventorier et de décrire la biodiversité, mais leur tâche colossale est de plus en plus difficile à réaliser car ils sont de moins en moins nombreux. Ce n’est pas seulement la biodiversité qui est en crise, mais bien aussi la taxonomie, qui peine à fournir les éléments nécessaires à l’utilisation, par les autres biologistes, des noms d’espèces. Les techniques récentes d’analyse génétique vont-elles permettre de surmonter la crise actuelle de la taxonomie ? L’enjeu de ce chapitre est de montrer à quelles conditions cela pourra être le cas. Nous présentons le projet du Barcoding of Life qui a pour but de faciliter, et donc d’accélérer le diagnostic des espèces en utilisant des caractères moléculaires relativement faciles à identifier. Nous montrons que l’efficacité de cet instrument dépend de façon cruciale de la bonne gestion des collections d’histoire naturelle, en raison de l’importance que revêtent les spécimens conservés pour l’entreprise taxonomique. Nous proposons donc un état des lieux de la taxonomie au moment où l’initiative du Barcoding of Life prend de l’ampleur.