bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A self-extubation case series in an ICU after the introduction of an early mobilization project
Authors: Tseng Jim , Sigler Mark , Edriss Hawa , Turner Alisha , Valdez Kristi , Selvan Kavitha , Nugent Kenneth 
Published: January 2017

Background: Recent studies demonstrate that early mobilization of patients with acute respiratory failure reduces ICU and hospital length of stay. This patient care activity necessarily requires coordinated efforts by ICU personnel and alert patients and has the potential for adverse outcomes, including unplanned extubation. Methods: Our intensive care unit introduced an early mobilization quality improvement project in April 2014. This project involved an eight step program which was started as soon as the patient was medically stable. The nurse managers kept a log of patients who participated in this project and a log of all patients who self-extubated during this period. Results: Twenty-five patients self-extubated during this time period; the event rate was 1.1 episodes per week in a 31 bed ICU. The mean age was 46.8 ± 13.6 years; 64% were men. The initial indications for mechanical ventilation in these patients included respiratory disease (40%), sepsis (4%), encephalopathy (8%), and miscellaneous diagnoses (48%). Initial chest x-ray readings included clear lung fields, infiltrates, effusions, and other abnormalities. Twelve episodes occurred on the day shift, and 13 episodes occurred on the night shift. The most recent Glasgow Coma Scale score in these patients was 11.8 (mean) with a range of 8-15. Eighty percent of the patients were restrained, 40% were on analgesics, and 56% were on sedatives. The mean FiO2 at the time of self-extubation was 57.3 ± 29%, and the mean PEEP level was 5.4 ± 1.5 cm H2O. Seven patients (28%) required reintubation. None of these patients in the early mobilization project had an episode of self-extubation. Conclusions: The patients who self-extubated in our ICU had no unique characteristics which might help us identify them before these events occurred. This did not occur in the patients in the early mobilization project. Self-extubation events provide a good monitor for ICU care. In our ICU the frequency of reintubation was low, and this might suggest that we need to manage our weaning protocols better with earlier extubation in some patients.
Diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Suspected or Established Chronic Lung Disease
Authors: Tompkins Robert B , Harris Vaughn , Brown Clayton , Griffith David E 
Published: January 2017

We recently identified four patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) who presented with progressive, but nonspecific, respiratory symptoms and were initially diagnosed with an exacerbation of established or presumed airflow obstruction. No specific explanation for the apparent respiratory exacerbation was found and each patient failed to respond to bronchodilator and/or antibiotic therapy, thereby triggering an evaluation for PE. Pulmonary embolism occurs with disturbing frequency in the setting of an apparent chronic airflow obstruction exacerbation without a clear explanation. Suspicion of PE by the clinician is essential as patient symptoms and routine laboratory evaluation do not always differentiate PE from exacerbation of airflow obstruction. D-dimer determination is a reasonable first diagnostic step with subsequent testing directed by the D-dimer result in the context of an individualized assessment of PE risk. The diagnosis of PE in this setting is critically important for avoiding the attendant morbidity and mortality associated with untreated PE.
Reviews
Authors: Padfield Deborah , Docherty Tom , Crawford Amy , Brown Michael 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
THE WHITE STONES, J. H. PRYNNE (2016) New York: NYRB Poets, ISBN-10: 159017979X, ISBN-13: 9781590179796, p/bk, £11.39
MY GRANDMOTHER’S GLASS EYE: A LOOK AT POETRY, CRAIG RAINE (2016) London: Atlantic Books, ISBN-10: 1848872895, ISBN-13: 978-1848872899, h/bk, £19.99
ODES, SHARON OLDS (2016) London: Jonathan Cape, 116 pp., ISBN-10: 1911214063; ISBN-13: 9781911214069, p/bk, £12.00
E-BOOKS VS. AUDIOBOOKS: SOME THOUGHTS ON SELF-PUBLISHING
‘The real life of language’: Encouraging young poets in universities
Authors: Gowar Mick , Wormald Mark 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Mark Wormald and Mick Gowar both teach in universities in the city of Cambridge – Mark at Pembroke College, and the Faculty of English, University of Cambridge; Mick at the Cambridge School of Art, and Faculty of Arts, Law and Social Sciences at Anglia Ruskin University. Both are published poets, and both have spent significant portions of their professional lives teaching poetry, and encouraging the writing of poetry. They have a shared interest in the life and work of the English poet and essayist Ted Hughes, and have collaborated on a number of literary events that have brought together students and staff from both universities. But, as their conversation reveals, the differences in their backgrounds and professional experiences are as marked as the apparent similarities.
Subverting the narrative of the Lampedusa borderscape
Authors: Mazzara Federica 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
With this article I wish to challenge the concept of ‘crisis’, commonly associated with the arrival of irregularized migrants to the island of Lampedusa, by showing how this conception is usually the result of a fabrication and spectacle to which migrants become subjected, fuelling a ‘moral panic’ difficult to overcome. The understanding and representation of migrants as ‘carriers of crisis’ has inevitably undermined their dignity and rights as individuals. As a counter-narrative, this article explores a series of acts of resistance revolving around the issue of migration, where Lampedusa plays a central role, promoting the autonomy of migrants that is challenging the order of a securitized Europe. Through analyses of the grassroots documentary and theatre projects On the Bride’s Side (Angliaro et al., 2014) and Queens of Syria (Fedda, 2013), this article finally explores the possibility of perceiving art about migrant experiences as a domain of struggle, through acts that I have defined as ‘aesthetics of subversion’, where those who are normally depicted as ‘imperceptible bodies’ become ‘subjects of power’, the power of subverting the narrative around their journey, their past and their desires for the future.
Reframing the debate: The art of Lampedusa
Authors: Ramsay Maya 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This article considers the art that has been produced in relation to the subject of migrant deaths at sea, with a focus on artworks that refer to the island of Lampedusa and its long history of the subject. Now that the world’s media are at last paying attention to the subject of migrant deaths, the small islands of Lampedusa and Lesbos are in danger of being ‘invaded’ by more than just migrants – artists are on their way in ever-increasing numbers. The ‘migration crisis’ has become the latest hot topic for artists, but art on the subject of migrant deaths at sea is often controversial, dividing both critics and audiences. Written from the perspective of an artist, this article explores the complexities of making and presenting art about this extremely sensitive issue.
The ordinary celebrity: Italian young vloggers and the definition of girlhood
Authors: Andò Romana 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This article examines the phenomenon of the ‘ordinary celebrity’ on YouTube and social media in relation to female adolescent fandom of Italian teen vloggers. The aim is to contribute to the debate on celebrity culture, by investigating the role of Web 2.0 in building and defining online performances that are recognized by young audiences as expressions of celebrity status. The young female vloggers studied for this work actively and regularly produce videos and media content to share on social media; their results are very impressive in terms of followers and fan comments, which are comparable to (or even greater than) those of mass media stars. However, vloggers’ daily narratives about their experience in everyday life (at school, with friends, opinions on fashion brands and make-up, etc.) are perceived by teenagers as natural and authentic and as something they can easily relate to, unlike the life of a traditional celebrity; as a consequence, vloggers’ discourses and behaviours are easily appropriated and used as symbolic materials in building girlhood identity. The article discusses the results of a netnographic research conducted on three teen vloggers, who are very famous among Italian teenagers, and on twenty teen fans. Vlogging productions and interviews were all analysed to understand what being a celebrity means in the convergence culture of the Web 2.0 and the role of these ordinary celebrities in defining contemporary girlhood.
From made in Italy to ethno-chic: Some thoughts on costume design in contemporary Italian cinema (class, gender and national identity)
Authors: Minuz Andrea 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This article outlines an overview of the relationship between costume and film in contemporary Italian cinema, with particular reference to class, gender and ideological discourse. Considering Italian film production in the last fifteen to twenty years, from popular film to auteur cinema, the article lays out the challenge of cultural stereotypes about ‘Made in Italy’ and its meanings in a global age. The significance of costume will be explored in terms of plot and character development, mise-en-scène and visuality, negotiating cinematic technique, film analysis and cultural interpretation. More specifically, and with particular reference to the work of Stephen Gundle, we investigate how costume design of male and female characters embodies national discourses such as nostalgia, male anxiety and the ideals of feminine beauty.
Dressing Checco Zalone: Popular Italian cinema and the rhetoric of national character
Authors: Vacirca Silvia 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This article starts from the assumption that male film costuming and popular Italian cinema have been two under-researched topics. The study of costumes in popular cinema requires different tools compared to those of the study of cinema stars and the way people use fashion in everyday life should be at the centre of the analyses of dress, fashion and film. This article, through a close analysis of the box office hits Cado dalle Nubi (2009) and Sole a Catinelle (2013) by Nunziante, against the background of the Oscar-winning The Great Beauty by Sorrentino (2013), aims to suggest that their sartorial codes, which draw upon notions of kitsch and dandyism, offer up afresh deeply rooted stereotypes of Italy and Italian masculinity. In developing the analysis, the article will also take into account that cultural watershed in the Italy’s history of Italy that was represented by berlusconismo, when vulgarity and bad taste in clothing choices were associated with moral and political judgements on the so-called italiano medio – the average Italian.
Performing style: Fashion in Italian factual entertainment
Authors: Manzato Anna 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In recent years factual entertainment has gained space in Italian television programmes, especially in ‘native digital’ channels (RealTime, DMAX, La7d). Common people are the main characters of stories dealing with everyday life, often in the makeover form, from the house to cooking, from DIY to personal fitness. And in this context fashion constitutes a privileged theme. The article aims at analysing current examples of Italian fashion factual entertainment, discussing the discursive forms and the thematization processes of the fashion object. The roles of televisual apparatus and audiences will also be considered: experts and learners are represented in these programmes, leading to the consideration of fashion as a space of negotiation of experience. The article aims at answering questions such as: what kind of style is proposed and through which discursive procedures (testimony, suggestion, lesson)? What is the function of television in transmitting fashion contents (divulgation, imposition of a style code)? What is the function of the audience (learner, competent)? Finally, what connotation of fashion emerges (apparatus of rules, individual competence)?
The Baroque imagination: Film, costume design and Italian high fashion
Authors: Pesce Sara 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In the 2010s, feature films such as The Great Gatsby (Luhrmann, 2013) or The Grand Budapest Hotel (Anderson, 2014) and other audio-visuals like fashion films or video ads of Italian fashion houses’ collections reveal a convergence between narration and costume that renovates and adapts the cultural meaning of the Baroque. This ‘Baroque imagination’ has deep roots in the first centuries of European Modernity, when Italian cultural vectors dominated the arts and a few spheres of material culture, including clothing, architecture and garden design. Presently, it is sustained by fashion jargon’s exploitation of the word ‘Baroque’ and by the impressive visual impact of costume cinema (beginning with Marie Antoinette, Coppola, 2006). The author interrogates how some Italian high-fashion brands’ engagement with spheres of meaning connected to sumptuousness and sophisticated craftsmanship plays an influential role on an international scale, as revealed in big film productions based on a ‘sartorial film aesthetic’, which convey exclusiveness of tastes and spaces, blatant social inequality, and an oneiric projection into a decadent past. She explains cinematic vintage aesthetics against the backdrop of the fashion industry’s not-innovative production politics in the current end-of-fashion era. Drawing on some crucial traits of the historical Baroque, including the centrifugal phenomenon of French Rococo, she also underscores surprising similarities with the contemporary culture of celebrity: the rituals of power in a decadent democracy, a perception of economy as static, the fear of public and private debt accompanied by a cult of luxury and personality, the conflict between the exhibition of wealth and its condemnation.
Book Reviews
Authors: Ajlouni Rima , Hartmuth Maximilian , Kuppinger Petra , Rehman Abdul , Ergin Nina 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
ISLAMIC GEOMETRIC DESIGN, ERIC BROUG (2013) New York: Thames & Hudson Inc., 256 pp., 800 illus., ISBN: 9780500516959, $49.40 (hardback)
ARCHITECTURE AND THE LATE OTTOMAN HISTORICAL IMAGINARY: RECONFIGURING THE ARCHITECTURAL PAST IN A MODERNIZING EMPIRE, AHMET A. ERSOY (2015) Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 313 pp., 72 b&w illus., ISBN: 9781472431394, $112.46 (hardback)
THE SUPERLATIVE CITY: DUBAI AND THE URBAN CONDITION IN THE EARLY TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, AHMED KANNA (ED.) (2013) Cambridge, MA: Aga Khan Program at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design, 169 pp., ISBN: 9780977122431, $24.95 (paperback)
BALOCHISTAN: ARCHITECTURE, CRAFT, AND RELIGIOUS SYMBOLISM, MOHSEN KEIANY (2015) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 370 pp., 370 illus., ISBN: 9780199067848, $70.00 (hardback)
THE ARCHITECTS OF OTTOMAN CONSTANTINOPLE: THE BALYAN FAMILY AND THE HISTORY OF OTTOMAN ARCHITECTURE, Alyson Wharton (2015) London, New York: I.B. Tauris, 336 pp., 40 b&w illus. and 2 maps., ISBN: 9781780768526, $99.00 (hardback)
Religion and global media: Impact of Arabic TV channels on lowland Eritrean youth
Authors: Mannar Indira S. , Peddiboyina Vijayalakshmi 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Eritrea is a tiny north-eastern African nation that attained statehood during the postmodern period. This ancient seat of culture and civilization was subjected to a series of colonial aggressions and invasions, leading to the emergence of revolutionary warring fronts that waged fierce guerilla warfare for 30 years to attain independence. Eritrean society is highly diversified in terms of geography, language, ethnic nationalities, religion and culture. Colonial rulers brought modern means of mass communication such as the printing press, radio, TV and films to Eritrea. Eritrea fell into the hands of an authoritarian regime on attaining independence and the media in Eritrea is strictly under government control. Satellite TV channels from the Middle East started beaming into Eritrea from 1996, and the Eritrean youth are avid consumers of the global messages from across the borders. Following an in-depth interview method as a research technique, using an unstructured, openended questionnaire, the present study presents how ethnicity and religion play a role in making meaning out of the messages of Middle East-based Arabic TV channels among lowland Tigre-/Arabic-speaking Eritrean youth aged 18–25 years. The researchers have observed the way foreign TV channel programmes have influenced family norms, social roles for women, sexual norms, lifestyles and music preferences of young Tigre viewers. The study concludes that Islam and Arabic language are two important factors influencing the lowland Tigre youth in picking up Arabic channels as they reinforce the same culture and traditions apart from creating Pan-Arab identities among the Arabic-/Tigre-speaking youth, at the same time preserving the indigenous culture from the influence of the West.
The role of social anxiety, the behavioural inhibition system and depression in online gaming addiction in adults
Authors: Vanzoelen Deborah , Caltabiano Marie L. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This study explored whether adults, who have symptoms of social anxiety or depression, or a temperamental tendency towards having a high behavioural inhibition system (BIS), will be more prone to developing online gaming addiction. Data were collected over a two-month period with a total of 186 participants completing all the online questionnaires (147 university students and 39 Second Life (SL) users), of whom 66 were male (M=34.6, SD=14.15) and 120 were female (M=33.32, SD=12.8). Results of a hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis indicated that combined, social anxiety, a high BIS and depression explained a small amount of variability (9.9 per cent) in gaming addiction, with social anxiety explaining the most variance in the model. Any effect of the BIS was mainly through its impact on social anxiety. Young adult (26–40 years) and middle adult (41–60 years) females represented a higher proportion of problematic gamers in this sample than males. Further research is required into risk factors for addictive gaming, particularly in adult female players.
User delinquency and instructional conditions: Undesirable behaviour in open virtual worlds
Authors: Schneider Edd , Betrus Anthony 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Virtual environments are becoming an increasingly common tool for instructional designers, but the creative freedom of these digital worlds can come with an increased risk of deviant behaviour from users. The scenarios at the centre of this research explore the impact different instructional conditions have on unwanted virtual behaviour. Participants in these scenarios were asked to play modified versions of the game Grand Theft Auto 3 (Rockstar Games, 2001) under one of three different instructional conditions. The goal was to measure which instructional conditions had the greatest impact on player behaviour, with an emphasis on investigating which set of conditions resulted in the least amount of deviancy in the experiment’s play period. Deviancy was measured through quantifying negative actions, such as killing computer controlled characters in the virtual space and reckless driving. The final results show that the instructional conditions given to users can have a major impact on behaviour, and thus have a major impact on potential learning.
Freudian blip
Authors: Prosser Bill 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Contrary to his later supreme self-belief, as a young man Lucian Freud considered his artistic abilities meagre. Determined, nevertheless, to hammer out a viable means of creative expression he applied his formidable powers of concentration to make up for a lack of natural talent. By and large, his early chosen means was drawing. Through a series of chance encounters, some of these images were used as illustrations for poetry and prose, and this essay reflects upon their shortcomings in fulfilling such roles. Alongside thoughts about the difficulties of translation, it suggests that Freud was unsuited to illustration, being too immature to take on its necessary pictorial obligations. However, his early drawings give several clues to Freud’s later successful career, particularly when imagined within his grandfather Sigmund’s concept of parapraxis.
Everyday life, the ordeal of the real and the psychophysical exercise
Authors: Tervo Petri 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
My article takes exercise as a concept with a historical memory. I will schematically give some attributes to exercise, which I believe have pertained through the twentieth century. These attributes are via negativa and self-penetration. As a more general description, these attributes translate into a diagram of exercise: testing one’s body/life through extreme situations. I localize the origins of psychophysical exercise in the kinaesthetic movement and life philosophy of the early pre-war century. This I see as a biopolitical movement that was radicalized through war rhetoric and war experience to include death in life as a fundamental test for expressive life force (courage and stoicism). I find an aggressive stance against everyday life and everyday body fundamental to both kinaesthetic or physical culture movement and war rhetoric. I also regard today’s exercise markets as part of this biopolitical assemblage. I emphasize the shell-shocked (or physically mutilated) body as a body that has been produced by the sensorial field of the trench warfare. The meaning of this group of damaged male bodies becomes evident when it is connected to post-war reconstruction movements with heightened biopolitics (leading to racial biopolitics and thanatopolitics). I will use some examples of Jouko Turkka’s pedagogical practice and exercises to give evidence of the psychophysical exercise’s modernist and violent memory (vitalist kernel). In the end I will give a schematic description of everyday life and use it as a background to criticize the exercise of ordeal and to give some provisional sketches for a pedagogy taking the everyday life (situationality, kairology, multiple) as its starting point or a working model.
Ideal habitus, body technique and everyday life
Authors: Silde Marja 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
I argue, that in order to create an ideal habitus of the actor, Jouko Turkka’s pedagogy aimed to purify the student from the tensions brought about by urban life and modernization by applying non reflexive body techniques. Turkka’s actor training is contextualized here in relation to similar psycho-physical practices that have developed the methods and practices to counter everyday life. I identify the modern discourses and dominant ideologies of western modernity, such as the concept of vitalism, which influenced Turkka’s pedagogy and were directed towards constructing the actor’s individual habitus as a masculine and heroic self-creating project. On the other hand, I will point out, there was also a collective habitus in Turkka’s pedagogy that could be seen as ‘feminine construction’ and as a resistance to the forced individualization brought about by modernization. Finally, I conclude the article by proposing the development of an actor training pedagogy that, instead of trying to liberate the trainee from one’s social and cultural conditioning, will strive to raise the trainee’s awareness of her existing social and cultural habitus as well as will take a collective habitus as a model for further elaboration.