bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Electrode Performance Using Fine‐Tuned Poly(arylene piperidinium) Ionomers In Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Novalin Timon , Pan Dong , Nikolić Nikola , Eriksson Björn , Pérez‐Trujillo Juan Pedro , Lagergren Carina , Lindbergh Göran , Jannasch Patric , Lindström Rakel Wreland 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIonomers based on poly(arylene piperidinium)s with varying ion exchange capacities are evaluated in different combinations of anode and cathode electrodes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells. The operational conditions are chosen with an asymmetrical regime including a dry anode with 50% relative humidity at the inlet, and full humidification at the cathode. Polarization and impedance measurements are carried out in potentiostatic steps within 0.3–0.9 V and distribution of relaxation times analysis is utilized to deconvolute resistance contributions. The results show that the best cell performance is achieved with both electrodes utilizing an ionomer with the highest ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 2.79 meq g−1. Cells built exclusively from this ionomer achieved a peak power density of 1.01 W cm−2. Deconvolution of the resistance contributions revealed the impact of water content on the effective charge transfer resistance in both electrodes and a diffusion resistance associated with the movement of water from anode to cathode side. The higher conductivity and water uptake of the high IEC ionomer resulted in a reduction of both resistance contributions, leading to the highest performance under the conditions evaluated. These findings provide important insights into how to tailor the electrode layers for optimum fuel cell output.
Rapid and accurate identification of multiple metal ions using a bispyrene‐based fluorescent sensor array with aggregation‐induced enhanced emission property
Authors: Zheng Haoran , Ma Hainan , Sun Haolin , Zhang Lina , Zhang Xiaoyu , Sun Ruimeng , Wang Han , Xu Guo‐Yang , Wang Lei , Qi Yanfei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMultiple metal ions are traditionally detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Although these methods are sensitive and accurate, they depend on complex instruments and require highly trained operators, making low costly rapid detection challenging. It is urgent to develop a convenient, rapid and sensitive method to detect multiple metal ions. Herein, we designed a bispyrene derivative (BP) with aggregation‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE) property to construct a high fluorescent sensor array to realize the effective identification of four metal ions (Fe3+, Cu2+, Co2+ and Cd2+). The differential coordination capability between metal ions and BP with the aid of acetate ions resulted the possibility of array‐based sensing. The four heavy metal ions could be immediately classified in the concentration of 100 nM. The limit of detection (LOD) of Fe3+, Cu2+, Co2+, and Cd2+ were as low as 16.2, 21.8, 51.4, and 25.9 nM, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor array was applied for identification multiple heavy metal ions in environmental samples and iron ion in rat serums with identified of 100%. The sample consumption as low as 2 µL for each detection and the results could be extracted by smartphones under ultraviolet lamps. It provided a rapid, sensitive, low‐cost, and on‐site multiple metal ions detection method.
Non‐Hotspot PIK3CA Variants Have Higher Variant Allele Frequency and are More Common in Syndromic Vascular Malformations
Authors: Andreoti Themis‐Areti A. , Maiolo Massimo , Tuleja Aleksandra , Döring Yvonne , Schaller André , Vassella Erik , Boon Laurence M. , Baumgartner Iris , Bernhard Sarah M. , Zweier Christiane , Vikkula Miikka , Rössler Jochen 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
PIK3CA variants are known to cause vascular malformations. We were interested in studying the phenotypic spectrum, the location within the PIK3CA gene, and the variant allele frequency (VAF) of somatic PI3KCA variants in vascular malformations. Clinical data of consecutive patients with extracranial/extraspinal vascular malformations were collected in the context of the VASCOM cohort (2008–2022, n = 558). Starting October 2020, biopsy samples were tested with the TSO500 gene panel (Illumina). All consenting patients with PIK3CA variants were included in this study. Eighty‐nine patients had available genetic results by June 2022. PIK3CA variants (n = 25) were found in 16 simple/combined (nonsyndromic) vascular malformations and in nine vascular malformations associated with other anomalies (syndromic). Four hotspot variants in exons 9 and 20 (c.1624G>A, c.1633G>A, c.3140A>G, c.3140A>T) were identified in 16/25 patients (VAF 0.9%–9.7%). Six non‐hotspot variants (c.328_330del, c.323_337del, c.353G>A, c.1258T>C, c.3132T>A, c.3195_3203delinsT) were detected in nine patients (VAF 3.6%–31.7%). Non‐hotspot variants were more frequent in syndromic than nonsyndromic vascular malformations (p = 0.0034) and exhibited a higher VAF than hotspot variants (p = 0.0253). Our study contributes to the growing body of knowledge of the genetic background in vascular malformations. Further studies will enrich the ever‐growing list of pathogenic PIK3CA variants associated with vascular malformations.
Genetic analysis of cognitive preservation in the midwestern Amish reveals a novel locus on chromosome 2
Authors: Main Leighanne R. , Song Yeunjoo E. , Lynn Audrey , Laux Renee A. , Miskimen Kristy L. , Osterman Michael D. , Cuccaro Michael L. , Ogrocki Paula K. , Lerner Alan J. , Vance Jeffery M. , Fuzzell Denise , Fuzzell Sarada L. , Hochstetler Sherri D. , Dorfsman Daniel A. , Caywood Laura J. , Prough Michael B. , Adams Larry D. , Clouse Jason E. , Herington Sharlene D. , Scott William K. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Haines Jonathan L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) remains a debilitating condition with limited treatments and additional therapeutic targets needed. Identifying AD protective genetic loci may identify new targets and accelerate identification of therapeutic treatments. We examined a founder population to identify loci associated with cognitive preservation into advanced age.METHODSGenome‐wide association and linkage analyses were performed on 946 examined and sampled Amish individuals, aged 76–95, who were either cognitively unimpaired (CU) or impaired (CI).RESULTSA total of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) demonstrated suggestive association (P ≤ 5 × 10−4) with cognitive preservation. Genetic linkage analyses identified > 100 significant (logarithm of the odds [LOD] ≥ 3.3) SNPs, some which overlapped with the association results. Only one locus on chromosome 2 retained significance across multiple analyses.DISCUSSIONA novel significant result for cognitive preservation on chromosome 2 includes the genes LRRTM4 and CTNNA2. Additionally, the lead SNP, rs1402906, impacts the POU3F2 transcription factor binding affinity, which regulates LRRTM4 and CTNNA2.Highlights
GWAS and linkage identified over 100 loci associated with cognitive preservation.
One locus on Chromosome 2 retained significance over multiple analyses.
Predicted TFBSs near rs1402906 regulate genes associated with neurocognition.
Engineering of a Multi‐Modular DNA Nanodevice for Spatioselective Imaging and Evaluation of NK Cell‐Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Zhao‐Peng , Zeng Wei‐Jia , Lei Yan‐Mei , Liang Wen‐Bin , Yang Xia , Yuan Ruo , Yang Chaoyong , Zhuo Ying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGranzyme A (GzmA) secreted by natural killer (NK) cells has garnered considerable interest as a biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. However, current methodologies to selectively monitor the spatial distribution of GzmA in cancer cells during NK cell‐targeted therapy are extremely challenging, primarily due to the existence of diverse cell populations, the low levels of GzmA expression, and the limited availability of GzmA probes. Herein we develop a multi‐modular, structurally‐ordered DNA nanodevice for evaluating NK cell‐mediated cancer immunotherapy (MODERN), that permits spatioselective imaging of GzmA in cancer cells through GzmA‐induced apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) inactivation. The MODERN incorporates multiple functional modules, including an APE1‐gated recognition module, a photo‐activated amplification module, an aptamer‐mediated tumor‐target module, and a polycatenane DNA module, enabling improved sensitivity and specificity towards intracellular GzmA. The MODERN was activated (on) in cancer cells due to the overexpression of APE1, whereas it remained silent (off) in the NK‐treated cancer cells owing to the GzmA‐induced APE1 inactivation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GzmA‐induced APE1 inactivation blocks the cellular repair of target cells, resulting in efficient cell death. This MODERN that relies on the specific inactivation of APE1 by GzmA should be beneficial for evaluating the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
Unveiling the Structure and Dissociation of Interfacial Water on RuO2 for Efficient Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Liqing , Huang Wenxia , Li Dongyang , Jia Hongnan , Zhao Bingbing , Zhu Juan , Zhou Haiqing , Luo Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the structure and dynamic process of interfacial water molecules at the catalyst‐electrolyte interface on acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics is highly desirable for the development of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. Herein, we construct a series of p‐block metal elements (Ga, In, Sn) doped RuO2 catalysts with manipulated electronic structure and Ru−O covalency to investigate the effect of electrochemical interfacial engineering on the improvement of acidic OER activity. Associated with operando attenuated total reflectance surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy measurements and theoretical analysis, we uncover the free‐H2O enriched local environment and dynamic evolution from 4‐coordinated hydrogen‐bonded water and 2‐coordinated hydrogen‐bonded water to free‐H2O on the surface of Ga−RuO2, are responsible for the optimized connectivity of hydrogen bonding network in the electrical double layer by promoting solvent reorganization. In addition, the structurally ordered interfacial water molecules facilitate high‐efficiency proton‐coupled electron transfer across the interface, leading to reduced energy barrier of the follow‐up dissociation process and enhanced acidic OER performance. This work highlights the key role of structure and dynamic process of interfacial water for acidic OER, and demonstrates the electrochemical interfacial engineering as an efficient strategy to design high‐performance electrocatalysts.
Electrochemically Gated Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry in Electric Double Layer
Authors: Guo Hong‐Yang , Wan Qiang , Jiang Yunjia , Wang Bo , Wang Lingyao , Zheng Ju‐Fang , Wang Ya‐Hao , Zhang Yuanbin , Li Jian‐Feng , Zhou Xiao‐Shun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe recent discovery of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) during the activation of small molecules has inspired extensive research across the full span of chemical science. Owing to the nature of weak interactions, it is experimentally challenging to directly observe and modulate FLP at the molecular scale. Here we design a boron cluster anion building block (B10H82−) and organic amine cations ([NR4]+, R=−CH3, −C2H5) as the FLP to prove the feasibility of controlling their interaction in the electric double layer (EDL) via an electrochemical strategy. In situ single‐molecule electrical measurements and Raman monitoring of B10H82−−[NR4]+ FLP formed at the positively charged Au(111) electrode surface, in contrast to the free‐standing B10H82− near or below the potential of zero charge (PZC). Furthermore, this FLP chemistry leads to a shift in the local density of states of boron clusters towards the EF for enhancing electron transport, providing a new prototype of a reversible single‐cluster switch that digitally switches upon controlling FLP chemistry in the electric double layer.
Rapid yet Controlled Synthesis of 2D Covalent Organic Framework Nanocapsules as High‐Performance Photocatalytic Carriers
Authors: Ma Yuting , Yu Shenhui , Li Wei , Chen Di , Zheng Zhenqian , Mao Linjie , Yang Xuan , Wang Wen‐Jun , Liu Pingwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSynthesis and assembly of two‐dimensional (2D) polymeric materials present a tricky trade‐off between the high reaction rate and precise morphology control. Here we report a nanoconfined synthesis of imine‐based 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) at the interface of oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion droplets stabilized by cationic surfactants. Highly uniform nanocapsules (NCs) could be prepared without adding extra catalysts at room temperature in just 4.5 h at a yield of 86 %. The NCs have tunable average diameters of 114–565 nm and shell thicknesses of 12–63 nm, depending on the monomer and surfactant types/concentrations. Their BET‐specific surface areas are up to 139.0 m2/g, mainly contributed by narrowly‐distributed mesopores at ~5.0 nm and micropores at 1.4 nm at a volume ratio (V1.4/V5.0) of 1.68. The surfactant plays the role of a catalyst during the reaction and interestingly, it also regulates the formation of mesopores and their sizes. Both theoretical and experimental studies confirm that the reaction has been accelerated by two orders of magnitude at the microdroplet interface, compared to that without emulsification. The resulting NCs could be well dispersed in water for at least six weeks with little size‐distribution change, and they have been demonstrated to be highly efficient nanocatalysts in application of water‐based hydrogen evolution, reaching a stable hydrogen production rate at 10.2 mmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1 for 6 hours. Such microdroplet interface‐confined synthesis may facilitate the future development of 2D polymeric materials for more advanced applications.
An Angstrom‐Scale Protective Skin Grown In Situ on Perovskite Oxide to Enhance Stability in Water
Authors: Zhou Wanglin , Xu Fang , Tan Jinkun , Liu Zhengkun , Zhang Guangru , Xu Zhi , Lyu Yinong , Jin Wanqin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe utilization of perovskite oxide as a catalyst for aqueous reactions is promising but challenging in stability. Here, we propose an in situ growth strategy that constructs an ultrathin protective skin on the Sr0.9Fe0.81Ta0.09Ni0.1O3‐δ perovskite surface and thus effectively solves the stability issue. Using a spherical aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscope, we observe the coexistence of an angstrom‐scale (~7 Å) Fe2O3 protective skin and FeNi alloy nanoparticles. A number of alloy nanoparticles grow along with the skin and uniformly take root on the skin surface. Such a hierarchical structure can reconstruct the surface electronic structure and suppress the ion leaching of perovskite oxide in water. Benefiting from this unique structure, the catalyst has experienced a substantial increase (800 h, more than three orders of magnitude) in its stable operation time in water (for example, in a hydrogen evolution reaction). These results provide valuable insight into solid‐solid phase transitions and have substantial implications for using structural defects at surfaces to modulate mass transport and transformation kinetics. Our strategy is sufficiently simple and can be used to subtly manipulate the catalyst structures to improve the performance of perovskite‐based catalysts and potentially other oxide catalysts for a wide range of reactions.
Green Chemical Synthesis of Cube‐Shaped CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles for Use as Magnetically Retrievable Catalysts in A3 Coupling Reactions
Authors: Kalita Babul , Iraqui Saddam , Sarmah Mrinmoy J. , Chatterjee Souvik , Rashid Md. Harunar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA3 coupling reaction is a multicomponent reaction (MCR) involving aryl aldehydes, phenyl acetylenes and amines to synthesize a variety of biologically active propargylamine derivatives. Herein, we report the preparation of cube‐shaped CuFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) via the hydrothermal method in the presence of Lantana camara flower (LCF) extract to use them as catalysts to synthesize propargylamine derivatives. X‐ray diffraction study confirms the formation of CuFe2O4 NPs with cubic spinel structures. In the presence of LCF extract, cube‐shaped CuFe2O4 NPs are formed predominantly irrespective of the type of alkali used as the hydrolyzing agent. However, a mixture of nearly spherical and cube‐shaped particles has been formed in the absence of additives. The synthesized CuFe2O4 NPs exhibit superparamagnetic behaviour and are magnetically ordered. The synthesized cube‐shaped CuFe2O4 NPs exhibit excellent catalytic activity in the A3 coupling reaction between benzaldehyde, piperidine and phenylacetylene to give propargylamine with a yield of 90% under the optimum conditions. The catalyst is highly stable and magnetically retrievable facilitating reusability for up to five cycles without considerable loss of catalytic activity. The protocol is suitable for the synthesis of a diverse range of propargylamine derivatives with moderate to excellent yield.
NaOH‐Assisted Multicomponent Reaction and Polymerizations of Elemental Sulfur, Diisocyanides, and Diols to Access Functional Poly(O‐thiocarbamate)s
Authors: Wu Xiuying , He Junxia , Hu Rongrong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSulfur‐containing polymers with unique structures and fascinating properties have attracted much attention recently, the efficient and economic synthetic approaches for various sulfur‐containing polymers have rapidly developed. Herein, the multicomponent reaction of elemental sulfur, isocyanide, and alcohol was designed at mild condition in the presence of NaOH, and the corresponding NaOH‐assisted multicomponent polymerization of elemental sulfur, diisocyanides, and diols were developed at room temperature or 40 °C in air, to produce poly(O‐thiocarbamate)s with well‐defined structures, high molecular weights (Mws up to 32 500 g/mol) and high yields (up to 99 %). The facilely available monomers, mild condition, and high efficiency of this MCP enabled scale‐up synthesis of poly(O‐thiocarbamate)s, and 7.33 g polymer was obtained in 98 % yield. These functional poly(O‐thiocarbamate)s could enrich Au3+ from aqueous solution with high enrichment capacity (983 mg⋅Au3+/g) and high efficiency (>99.77 %) in 1 min, demonstrating superior gold enrichment performance and their potential industrial and economic values.
Upstream influence of midlatitude jet stream biases in boreal summer
Authors: Boljka Lina , Bethke Ingo , Tao Dandan , Li Camille 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClimate models exhibit biases in the mean state and in variability across different regions of the Earth. For example, atmosphere‐only models have a poleward bias in summertime jet streams across the Northern Hemisphere (NH). This can result from many processes, including misrepresentation of Rossby waves that can propagate in different directions and thereby interact with jet streams. However, Rossby‐wave biases can result from biased background state of the climate system as well. The propagation speed of Rossby waves depends on jet stream strength, thus a poleward displacement of the jet stream can hinder westward propagation of Rossby waves at higher latitudes and displace eastward propagating Rossby waves (downstream development). These biases then impact other regions resulting in biased atmospheric circulation across the NH. Indeed, in this study we confirm this via regional nudging experiments within the Norwegian Earth System Model. Namely, nudged horizontal winds over the North Pacific can improve Rossby wave statistics and thereby atmospheric circulation over Eurasia (i.e., upstream). However, nudging over the North Atlantic has little effect on boreal summer atmospheric circulation. This implies that improving biases over the North Pacific is crucial for a better representation of modelled boreal summer circulation over Eurasia.
Comparative effectiveness trial: Modular behavior approach for young autistic children compared to comprehensive behavioral intervention
Authors: Anderson Cynthia , Hochheimer Samantha , Warren Zachary , Butter Eric , Hyman Susan L. , Wang Hongyue , Wallace Lisa , Levato Lynne , Martin Ryan , Stephenson Kevin G. , Norris Megan , Jacqueline Wynn , Smith Tristram , Johnson Cynthia R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis 24‐week single‐blind trial tested a modular approach for young autistic children (MAYAC) that was delivered for fewer hours per week and modified based on child progress and parental input compared to comprehensive behavioral intervention treatment as usual (CBI, TAU). Participants were autistic children, ages 18–60 months of age. MAYAC was initially 5 h of intervention per week, one of which was parent training and the other four direct therapy focusing on social communication and engagement, but additional modules could be added for up to 10 h per week. Comprehensive behavior intervention was delivered for ≥15 h per week. Outcome measures included the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales; VABS, the Ohio Autism Clinical Improvement Scale – Autism Severity; OACIS – AS and the Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory – Parent; PDDBI‐P. Implementation and parent satisfaction measures were also collected. Fifty‐six children, mean age of 34 months, were randomized. Within‐group analysis revealed significant improvements from baseline to week 24 for both MAYAC (p < 0.0001) and CBI, TAU (p < 0.0001) on the VABS. The noninferiority test was performed to test between group differences and MAYAC was not inferior to CBI, TAU on the VABS (p = 0.0144). On the OACIS – AS, 48.0% of MAYAC and 45.5% of CBI were treatment responders there were no significant changes on the PDDBI‐P, for either group. Treatment fidelity was high for both groups (>95%) as was parent satisfaction. Findings from this small trial are promising and suggest MAYAC may be an alternative for some young autistic children and their families to CBI, TAU.
Artemisia argyi mitigates doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction through the IGF‐IIR/Drp1/GATA4 signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Jhong‐Kuei , Ramesh Samiraj , Islam Md. Nazmul , Shibu Marthandam Asokan , Kuo Chia‐Hua , Hsieh Dennis Jine‐Yuan , Lin Shinn‐Zong , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Huang Chih‐Yang , Ho Tsung‐Jung 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is mostly utilized as a wide range of antitumor anthracycline to treat different cancers. The severe antagonistic impacts of DOX on cardiotoxicity constrain its clinical application. Many mechanisms are involved in cardiac toxicity induced by DOX in the human body. Mitochondria is a central part of fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Thus, impaired mitochondrial metabolism can increase heart failure risk, which can play a vital role in cardiomyocyte mitochondrial dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the possible cardioprotective effect of water‐extracted Artemisia argyi (AA) against the side effect of DOX in H9c2 cells and whether these protective effects are mediated through IGF‐IIR/Drp1/GATA4 signaling pathways. Although several studies proved that AA extract has benefits for various diseases, its cardiac effects have not yet been identified. The H9c2 cells were exposed to 1 μM to establish a model of cardiac toxicity. The results revealed that water‐extracted AA could block the expression of IGF‐IIR/calcineurin signaling pathways induced by DOX. Notably, our results also showed that AA treatment markedly attenuated Akt phosphorylation and cleaved caspase 3, and the nuclear translocation markers NFATC3 and p‐GATA4. Using actin staining for hypertrophy, we determined that AA can reduce the effect of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and cell size. These findings suggest that water‐extracted AA could be a suitable candidate for preventing DOX‐induced cardiac damage.