bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal haemodynamics and oxygenation during and after cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Evans R. G. , Lankadeva Y. R. , Cochrane A. D. , Marino B. , Iguchi N. , Zhu M. Z. L. , Hood S. G. , Smith J. A. , Bellomo R. , Gardiner B. S. , Lee C.‐J. , Smith D. W. , May C. N. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication following cardiac surgery performed on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and has important implications for prognosis. The aetiology of cardiac surgery‐associated AKI is complex, but renal hypoxia, particularly in the medulla, is thought to play at least some role. There is strong evidence from studies in experimental animals, clinical observations and computational models that medullary ischaemia and hypoxia occur during CPB. There are no validated methods to monitor or improve renal oxygenation during CPB, and thus possibly decrease the risk of AKI. Attempts to reduce the incidence of AKI by early transfusion to ameliorate intra‐operative anaemia, refinement of protocols for cooling and rewarming on bypass, optimization of pump flow and arterial pressure, or the use of pulsatile flow, have not been successful to date. This may in part reflect the complexity of renal oxygenation, which may limit the effectiveness of individual interventions. We propose a multi‐disciplinary pathway for translation comprising three components. Firstly, large‐animal models of CPB to continuously monitor both whole kidney and regional kidney perfusion and oxygenation. Secondly, computational models to obtain information that can be used to interpret the data and develop rational interventions. Thirdly, clinically feasible non‐invasive methods to continuously monitor renal oxygenation in the operating theatre and to identify patients at risk of AKI. In this review, we outline the recent progress on each of these fronts.
Towards functional selectivity for α6β3γ2 GABAA receptors: a series of novel pyrazoloquinolinones
Authors: Treven Marco , Siebert David C B , Holzinger Raphael , Bampali Konstantina , Fabjan Jure , Varagic Zdravko , Wimmer Laurin , Steudle Friederike , Scholze Petra , Schnürch Michael , Mihovilovic Marko D , Ernst Margot 
Published: November 2017

Background and PurposeThe GABAA receptors are ligand‐gated ion channels, which play an important role in neurotransmission. Their variety of binding sites serves as an appealing target for many clinically relevant drugs. Here, we explored the functional selectivity of modulatory effects at specific extracellular α+/β− interfaces, using a systematically varied series of pyrazoloquinolinones.Experimental ApproachRecombinant GABAA receptors were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and modulatory effects on GABA‐elicited currents by the newly synthesized and reference compounds were investigated by the two‐electrode voltage clamp method.Key ResultsWe identified a new compound which, to the best of our knowledge, shows the highest functional selectivity for positive modulation at α6β3γ2 GABAA receptors with nearly no residual activity at the other αxβ3γ2 (x = 1–5) subtypes. This modulation was independent of affinity for α+/γ− interfaces. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time a compound that elicits a negative modulation at specific extracellular α+/β− interfaces.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese results constitute a major step towards a potential selective positive modulation of certain α6‐containing GABAA receptors, which might be useful to elicit their physiological role. Furthermore, these studies pave the way towards insights into molecular principles that drive positive versus negative allosteric modulation of specific GABAA receptor isoforms.
RTP801 is a critical factor in the neurodegeneration process of A53T α‐synuclein in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease under chronic restraint stress
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Chu Shi‐Feng , Wang Sha‐Sha , Jiang Yi‐Na , Gao Yan , Yang Peng‐Fei , Ai Qi‐Di , Chen Nai‐Hong 
Published: November 2017

Background and PurposeRecently, the incidence of Parkinson's disease has shown a tendency to move to a younger population, linked to the constantly increasing stressors of modern society. However, this relationship remains obscure. Here, we have investigated the contribution of stress and the mechanisms underlying this change.Experimental ApproachTen‐month‐old α‐synuclein A53T mice, a model of Parkinson's disease (PD), were treated with chronic restraint stress (CRS) to simulate a PD‐sensitive person with constant stress stimulation. PD‐like behavioural tests and pathological changes were evaluated. Differentiated PC12‐A53T cells were treated with corticosterone in vitro. We used Western blot, microRNA expression analysis, immunofluorescence staining, dual luciferase reporter assay and HPLC electrochemical detection to assess cellular and molecular networks after stress treatment. In vivo, stereotaxic injection of shRNA lentivirus was used to confirm our in vitro results.Key ResultsThe protein RTP801 is encoded by DNA‐damage‐inducible transcript 4, and it was specifically increased in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra after CRS treatment. RTP801 was post‐transcriptionally inhibited by the down‐regulation of miR‐7. Delayed turnover of RTP801, through the inhibition of proteasome degradation also contributed to its high content. Elevated RTP801 blocked autophagy, thus increasing accumulation of oligomeric α‐synuclein and aggravating endoplasmic reticulum stress. RTP801 inhibition alleviated the symptoms of neurodegeneration during this process.Conclusions and ImplicationsRTP801 is a promising target for the treatment of PD, especially for PD‐sensitive patients who live under increased social pressure. Down‐regulation of RTP801 could inhibit the current tendency to an earlier onset of PD.
A structure‐based strategy toward the development of novel candidates for antimycobacterial activity: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking study
Authors: Li Linhu , Jin Yuanyuan , Wang Bin , Yang Zhaoyong , Liu Mingliang , Guo Huiyuan , Zhang Jun , Lu Yu 
Published: November 2017

Bacterial resistance to most of the available antibiotics has stimulated the discovery of novel efficacious antibacterial agents. Bedaquiline is first of its type that has been specifically introduced for the management of MDR‐TB in combination with other drugs. In this study, a series of isoniazid/ethambutol/pyrazinamide/‐quinoline conjugates based on the structures of bedaquiline were designed and synthesized. Biological activity tests revealed that some of isoniazid/ethambutol/quinoline conjugates have useful antibiotic activity against MTB H37Rv (MIC: 2.0–8.0 μg/ml). Furthermore, molecular docking calculations were performed for the most potent inhibitor to show its binding interactions within the active site of the possible target protein. Overall, these compounds represent novel valuable starting point with potent antimycobacterial activity and deserve further structural modifications.
Comparative evaluation of 68Ga‐labeled NODAGA, DOTAGA, and HBED‐CC‐conjugated cNGR peptide chelates as tumor‐targeted molecular imaging probes
Authors: Satpati Drishty , Sharma Rohit , Sarma Haladhar Dev , Dash Ashutosh 
Published: November 2017

The biological behavior of 68Ga‐based radiopharmaceuticals can be significantly affected by the chelators’ attributes (size, charge, lipophilicity). Thus, this study aimed at examining the influence of three different chelators, DOTAGA, NODAGA, and HBED‐CC on the distribution pattern of 68Ga‐labeled NGR peptides targeting CD13 receptors. 68Ga‐DOTAGA‐c(NGR), 68Ga‐NODAGA‐c(NGR), and 68Ga‐HBED‐CC‐c(NGR) were observed to be hydrophilic with respective log p values being −3.5 ± 0.2, −3.3 ± 0.08, and −2.8 ± 0.14. The three radiotracers exhibited nearly similar uptake in human fibrosarcoma HT‐1080 tumor cells with 86%, 63%, and 33% reduction during blocking studies with unlabeled cNGR peptide for 68Ga‐DOTAGA‐c(NGR), 68Ga‐NODAGA‐c(NGR), and 68Ga‐HBED‐CC‐c(NGR), respectively, indicating higher receptor specificity of the first two radiotracers. The neutral radiotracer 68Ga‐NODAGA‐c(NGR) demonstrated better target‐to‐non‐target ratios during in vivo studies compared to its negatively charged counterparts, 68Ga‐DOTAGA‐c(NGR) and 68Ga‐HBED‐CC‐c(NGR). The three radiotracers had similar HT‐1080 tumor uptake and being hydrophilic exhibited renal excretion with minimal uptake in non‐target organs. Significant reduction (p < .005) in HT‐1080 tumor uptake of the radiotracers was observed during blocking studies. It may be inferred from these studies that the three radiotracers are promising probes for in vivo imaging of CD13 receptor expressing cancer sites; however, 68Ga‐NODAGA‐c(NGR) is a better candidate.
Ginsenoside Rb1 improves leptin sensitivity in the prefrontal cortex in obese mice
Authors: Wu Yizhen , Huang Xu‐Feng , Bell Christopher , Yu Yinghua 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAimObesity impairs leptin‐induced regulation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and synaptogenesis, which has been considered to be associated with the incidence of neuronal degenerative diseases, cognitive decline, and depression. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), a major bioactive component of ginseng, is known to have an antiobesity effect and improve cognition. This study examined whether Rb1 can improve central leptin effects on BDNF expression and synaptogenesis in the prefrontal cortex during obesity using an in vivo and an in vitro model.ResultGinsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) chronic treatment improved central leptin sensitivity, leptin‐JAK2‐STAT3 signaling, and leptin‐induced regulation of BDNF expression in the prefrontal cortex of high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice. In cultured prefrontal cortical neurons, palmitic acid, the saturated fat, impaired leptin‐induced BDNF expression, reduced the immunoreactivity and mRNA expression of synaptic proteins, and impaired leptin‐induced neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. Importantly, Rb1 significantly prevented these pernicious effects induced by palmitic acid.ConclusionThese results indicate that Rb1 reverses central leptin resistance and improves leptin‐BDNF‐neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis in the prefrontal cortical neurons. Thus, Rb1 supplementation may be a beneficial avenue to treat obesity‐associated neurodegenerative disorders.
Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22 quality‐of‐life patterns in patients presenting with nasal septal perforation
Authors: Leong S.C. , Webb C.J. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of nasal septal perforation (NSP) on quality of life.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingRhinology clinics from two hospitals in Liverpool, United Kingdom.ParticipantsPatients diagnosed with NSP.Main outcome measuresPatients (n = 26) diagnosed with NSP completed the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22). The collated data were compared with SNOT‐22 scores from a cohort of healthy volunteers (n = 34) and a cohort of patients (n = 30) diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).ResultsThe mean total SNOT‐22 score of NSP and CRS cohorts was higher than that observed in healthy volunteers. The mean total SNOT‐22 score in the CRS cohort (57.2, standard deviation SD 10.3) was the higher than NSP (50.2, SD 23.5), although this difference did not achieve statistical significance. The mean score for the rhinologic‐specific domains (rhinologic symptoms, extranasal rhinologic symptoms), ear/facial symptoms and psychological dysfunction domain was higher in the CRS cohort compared to NSP, although statistical significance was only observed in the extranasal rhinologic symptoms domain (11.2, SD 2.4 vs 6.4, SD 4.1). Conversely, the mean sleep dysfunction domain score for NSP (12.7, SD 7.5) was higher than CRS (10.0, SD 4.9, respectively) although this was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThis study has assessed the clinimetric and psychometric properties of patients suffering from symptomatic NSP. Future reports should consider inclusion of SNOT‐22 data but with the addition of perforation‐specific symptoms (nasal crusting, epistaxis, whistling noise).
Terror or Terrorism? The “Islamic State” Between State and Nonstate Violence
Authors: Müller Miriam 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs a non‐state actor that claims its own territory, the “Islamic State” utilizes a spectrum of very different kinds of coercion and violence. Considering the group's aspirations to govern the territories controlled by it, any clear distinction between uses of force and coercion that states typically claim as their legitimate right, and implement terrorist non‐state violence, tends to blur right before our analytically‐focused eyes. This contribution discusses how the group challenges the distinction between “terror from above” and “terrorism from below” as well as the meaning of the dual character of Daesh's belief system between the ideological and the religious for Daesh's repertoire of violence.
Niche divergence of two closely related Carbula species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) despite the presence of a hybrid zone
Authors: LIU HUAXI , YE ZHEN , LIANG JINGYU , WANG SHUJING , BU WENJUN 
Published: November 2017

1. The extent to which ecologically divergent selection acts to maintain species boundaries in the presence of hybridisation and gene flow is not well understood. Two parapatric taxa, Carbula humerigera (Uhler) and Carbula putoni (Jakovlev), were used to test the extent to which niche differentiation might sustain divergence of related taxa despite ongoing gene flow.2. Mitochondrial [cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) and cytochrome b (Cytb)] and nuclear [elongation factor 1‐alpha (EF‐1α)] markers were sequenced from 383 individuals. Clusters of morphological variations were estimated and visualised using principal component analysis (PCA). Haplotype networks were constructed using median‐joining and neighbour‐net algorithm methods. Gene flows were estimated using migrate‐n analyses. Suitable habitats for each species and their sympatric distribution were predicted with ecological niche modelling (ENM). Niche comparisons were conducted using Schoener's D and Warren's I. In addition, PCA, multivariate analysis of variance (manova) and discriminant function analysis were used to test ecological differentiation.3. Morphological clusters and network analysis indicated that samples were generally divided into three groups (C. humerigera, C. putoni and hybrids). Ongoing gene flow was detected among the three groups, with abundant magnitudes in the sympatric region. Niche comparison and statistical analysis showed ecological differentiation between C. humerigera and C. putoni. Two potential hybrid zones were predicted in the ENM reconstruction, located along the Yanshan‐Taihang‐Qinling and Taishan mountains.4. These results reveal a geographically delineated hybrid zone between C. humerigera and C. putoni. These two closely related Carbula species still live in different ecological niches despite hybridisation and ongoing gene flow.
Effect of non‐thermal atmospheric plasma on the dentin‐surface topography and composition and on the bond strength of a universal adhesive
Authors: Ayres Ana P. , Bonvent Jean J. , Mogilevych Borys , Soares Luis E. S. , Martin Airton A. , Ambrosano Glaucia M. , Nascimento Fábio D. , Van Meerbeek Bart , Giannini Marcelo 
Published: November 2017

This study investigated the effect of application of non‐thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) on the topography and composition of the dentin surface, as well as the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of a universal adhesive to NTAP‐treated dentin. Exposed flat dentin surfaces from human third molars were either treated with NTAP for 10 and 30 s or untreated (control). The dentin‐surface topography and chemical composition were characterized by atomic force microscopy (n = 3) and Raman confocal spectroscopy (n = 5), respectively. The μTBS (n = 8) of Scotchbond Universal to dentin was determined after storage for 24 h and 1 yr, either by direct water exposure or under simulated pulpal pressure. In‐situ zymography was used to evaluate the influence of NTAP on the dentin‐enzymatic activity. Non‐thermal atmospheric plasma produced no remarkable topographical or chemical alterations at the dentin surface; only the amount of phosphate decreased following 10 s of treatment with NTAP. After 1 yr of direct water exposure, the μTBS of NTAP‐treated specimens did not differ statistically significantly from that of untreated controls, whereas simulated pulpal pressure‐aging resulted in a significantly higher μTBS for NTAP‐treated dentin. The dentin‐enzymatic activity appeared to be treatment‐dependent, but the untreated controls showed more intense fluorescence within the hybrid layer. Scotchbond Universal maintained its μTBS strength after 1 yr of direct water exposure and simulated pulpal pressure, although remarkable statistical differences between treatments were observed depending on the aging condition.
Oral health‐related quality of life, measured using the five‐item version of the Oral Health Impact Profile, in relation to socio‐economic status: a population survey in Sweden
Authors: Wide Ulla , Hakeberg Magnus 
Published: November 2017

Oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) is an important patient‐reported outcome measure in dental research. This study was conducted to analyse the association between OHRQoL, as measured using the five‐item version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐5), and different socio‐economic indices. A national survey of randomly selected adult individuals in Sweden (n = 3,500) was performed using telephone interviews. The questions asked for the purpose of this study were defined by the items of the OHIP‐5, just as questions were asked regarding socio‐economic variables, including education, income, and economic resources. Poor OHRQoL, as identified by an OHIP‐5 score of 3 or higher on at least two of the five items, was statistically significantly associated in multivariate analysis with low income (OR = 1.84) and having no economic resources (OR = 2.19). The statistical models were adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, dental‐care utilization, dental anxiety, and smoking. The OHIP‐5 may be used in larger epidemiological surveys because it demonstrates the ability to discriminate for a range of important areas of measurement in dental public health, including social determinants.
Antidesmoglein 1 and 3 antibodies in healthy subjects of a population in the Peruvian high amazon
Authors: Ramos Willy , Díaz Jesús , Gutierrez Ericson L. , Lazarte Jose S. , Bohnett Mary C. , Ronceros Gerardo , Ortega‐Loayza Alex G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine the presence of anti‐Dsg1 and Dsg3 antibodies in healthy subjects of the high Peruvian Amazon (Tuemal, Rodriguez de Mendoza province, department of Amazonas) to establish the theoretical presence of environmental factors or triggers in the area.Materials and methodsCross‐sectional study. The study population included persons of any age or gender, clinically healthy, who were evaluated by a dermatologist to confirm the absence of blistering diseases. Blood samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), immunoprecipitation (IP), anti‐Dsg1 IgM antibody (Ab) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as anti‐Dsg1 and anti‐Dsg3 IgG Ab ELISA.ResultsParticipants included 21 healthy subjects comprised of 61.9% males and 38.1% females; 47.6% had a positive anti‐Dsg1 Ab ELISA for total IgG (or any subclasses). IIF detected antibodies against intercellular spaces in one subject. Anti‐Dsg1 Ab IP was mildly positive in 33.3% of the subjects. Anti‐Dsg1 IgG subclasses found positive were: IgG1 (19.0%), IgG2 (33.3%), and IgG3 (28.6%); none of the samples were positive for anti‐Dsg1 Ab IgM ELISA, and 23.8% of the subjects were positive for anti‐Dsg3 Ab ELISA. The age distribution was similar for subjects positive for anti‐Dsg1 and anti‐Dsg3 Ab ELISA, with higher frequencies found among the 20–29 and 40–49 year‐old age groups.ConclusionA fraction of healthy subjects of the high Peruvian Amazon developed anti‐Dsg1 and anti‐Dsg3 antibodies, demonstrating the possible presence of environmental factors for endemic pemphigus (EP) at a higher altitude than previously described.
Active edible coatings with Boldo extract added and their application on nut products: reducing the oxidative rancidity rate
Authors: Bonilla Jeannine , Poloni Talita , Sobral Paulo J. A. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBrazil and Cashew nuts were coated with pure (gelatin, chitosan, sodium caseinate) or blended (gelatin:chitosan, gelatin:sodium caseinate) coating solutions, with and without Boldo‐of‐Chile extract. Brazil nuts exhibited lower moisture content (1.6%) and higher fat content (56.5%) when compared to Cashew nuts (4.7% and 45.5%, respectively). Similar content (≈37.0%) of oleic and linoleic fatty acids was displayed by Brazil nuts, in contrast to Cashew nuts, which showed 64.9% of oleic and 17.5% of linoleic fatty acids. Sodium caseinate solution displayed higher instability index, which was significantly reduced when using gelatin. Coating thickness (20 μm) of the nuts was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy analysis. A lower transmission rate of oxygen was observed in blended films with Boldo extract. Lastly, due to the oxygen barrier effect and the addition of Boldo extract, the coatings protected Brazil and Cashew nuts against oxidation, when compared with the unprotected samples, during 120 days of storage.
The effect of high solid concentrations on enzymatic hydrolysis of soya bean protein isolate and antioxidant activity of the resulting hydrolysates
Authors: Chen Jiahui , Cui Chun , Zhao Haifeng , Wang Haiping , Zhao Mouming , Wang Wei , Dong Keming 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of high solid concentrations on the enzymatic hydrolysis and antioxidant activities of soya bean protein isolate hydrolysates (SPIHs). The soya bean protein isolate at the concentration of 8%, 16%, 24% and 32% was hydrolysed to obtain SPIH with 21.5% degree of hydrolysis (DH), respectively. Results showed that, for the same DH, significant increases in reaction time and decrease in protein recovery were observed as solid concentrations increased. There was no significant difference in molecular weight distribution, but different amino acid compositions in supernatants of SPIH hydrolysed at different solid concentrations. The level of antioxidant amino acids in high solid concentration (32%) was higher than that in low solid concentration group, and antioxidant activity of SPIH increased with the solid concentration increased. Thus, increasing solid concentrations could increase the antioxidant activities and functional properties with low water costs.