bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft whole genome sequence of groundnut stem rot fungus Athelia rolfsii revealing genetic architect of its pathogenicity and virulence
Authors: Iquebal M. A. , Tomar Rukam S. , Parakhia M. V. , Singla Deepak , Jaiswal Sarika , Rathod V. M. , Padhiyar S. M. , Kumar Neeraj , Rai Anil , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil seed crop having major biotic constraint in production due to stem rot disease caused by fungus, Athelia rolfsii causing 25–80% loss in productivity. As chemical and biological combating strategies of this fungus are not very effective, thus genome sequencing can reveal virulence and pathogenicity related genes for better understanding of the host-parasite interaction. We report draft assembly of Athelia rolfsii genome of ~73 Mb having 8919 contigs. Annotation analysis revealed 16830 genes which are involved in fungicide resistance, virulence and pathogenicity along with putative effector and lethal genes. Secretome analysis revealed CAZY genes representing 1085 enzymatic genes, glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases, carbohydrate-binding modules, auxillary activities, glycosyl transferases and polysaccharide lyases. Repeat analysis revealed 11171 SSRs, LTR, GYPSY and COPIA elements. Comparative analysis with other existing ascomycotina genome predicted conserved domain family of WD40, CYP450, Pkinase and ABC transporter revealing insight of evolution of pathogenicity and virulence. This study would help in understanding pathogenicity and virulence at molecular level and development of new combating strategies. Such approach is imperative in endeavour of genome based solution in stem rot disease management leading to better productivity of groundnut crop in tropical region of world.
Small cell lung cancer: model of circulating tumor cell tumorospheres in chemoresistance
Authors: Klameth Lukas , Rath Barbara , Hochmaier Maximilian , Moser Doris , Redl Marlene , Mungenast Felicitas , Gelles Katharina , Ulsperger Ernst , Zeillinger Robert , Hamilton Gerhard 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents 15% of lung cancers and is characterized by early dissemination, development of chemoresistance and a poor prognosis. A host of diverse drugs failed invariably and its mechanisms of global chemoresistance have not been characterized so far. SCLC represents the prototype of an aggressive and highly metastatic tumor which is ultimately refractory to any treatment. High numbers of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) allowed us to establish 5 CTC cell lines (BHGc7, 10, 16, 26 and UHGc5) from patients with recurrent SCLC. These cell lines exhibit the typical SCLC markers and CTCs of all patients developed spontaneously large multicellular aggregates, termed tumorospheres. Ki67 and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX) staining of tumorosphere sections revealed quiescent and hypoxic cells, respectively. Accordingly, comparison of the chemosensitivity of CTC single cell suspensions with tumorospheres demonstrated increased resistance of the clusters against chemotherapeutics commonly used for treatment of SCLC. Therefore, global chemoresistance of relapsing SCLC seems to rely on formation of large tumorospheres which reveal limited accessibility, lower growth fraction and hypoxic conditions. Since similar tumor spheroids were found in other tumor types, SCLC seems to represent a unique tumor model to study the association of CTCs, metastasis and drug resistance.
Defective Sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism is a druggable target in Huntington’s disease
Authors: Di Pardo Alba , Amico Enrico , Basit Abdul , Armirotti Andrea , Joshi Piyush , Neely M. Diana , Vuono Romina , Castaldo Salvatore , Digilio Anna F. , Scalabrì Francesco , Pepe Giuseppe , Elifani Francesca , Madonna Michele , Jeong Se Kyoo , Park Bu-Mahn , D’Esposito Maurizio , Bowman Aaron B. , Barker Roger A. , Maglione Vittorio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHuntington’s disease is characterized by a complex and heterogeneous pathogenic profile. Studies have shown that disturbance in lipid homeostasis may represent a critical determinant in the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders. The recognition of perturbed lipid metabolism is only recently becoming evident in HD. In order to provide more insight into the nature of such a perturbation and into the effect its modulation may have in HD pathology, we investigated the metabolism of Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), one of the most important bioactive lipids, in both animal models and patient samples. Here, we demonstrated that S1P metabolism is significantly disrupted in HD even at early stage of the disease and importantly, we revealed that such a dysfunction represents a common denominator among multiple disease models ranging from cells to humans through mouse models. Interestingly, the in vitro anti-apoptotic and the pro-survival actions seen after modulation of S1P-metabolizing enzymes allows this axis to emerge as a new druggable target and unfolds its promising therapeutic potential for the development of more effective and targeted interventions against this incurable condition.
Association of wall shear stress with intracranial aneurysm rupture: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Geng , Zhu Yueqi , Yin Yanling , Su Ming , Li Minghua 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo evaluate the relationship between wall shear stress (WSS) magnitude and cerebral aneurysm rupture and provide new insight into the disparate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) findings concerning the role of WSS in intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture. A systematic electronic database (PubMed, Medline, Springer, and EBSCO) search was conducted for all accessible published articles up to July 1, 2016, with no restriction on the publication year. Abstracts, full-text manuscripts, and the reference lists of retrieved articles were analyzed. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool the complication rates across studies. Twenty-two studies containing CFD data on 1257 patients with aneurysms were included in the analysis. A significantly higher rate of low WSS (0–1.5 Pa) was found in ruptured aneurysms (odds ratio [OR] 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.73–2.62). The pooled analyses across 14 studies with low WSS showed significantly lower mean WSS (0.64 vs. 1.4 Pa) (p = 0.037) in the ruptured group. This meta-analysis provides evidence that decreased local WSS may be an important predictive parameter of IA rupture.
Characterizing the astrometric precision limit for moving targets observed with digital-array detectors
Authors: Bouquillon S. , Mendez R. A. , Altmann M. , Carlucci T. , Barache C. , Taris F. , Andrei A. H. , Smart R. 
Published: July 2017

Aims. We investigate the maximum astrometric precision that can be reached on moving targets observed with digital-sensor arrays, and provide an estimate for its ultimate lower limit based on the Cramér-Rao bound.
Methods. We extend previous work on one-dimensional Gaussian point-spread functions (PSFs) focusing on moving objects and extending the scope to two-dimensional array detectors. In this study the PSF of a stationary point-source celestial body is replaced by its convolution with a linear motion, thus effectively modeling the spread function of a moving target.
Results. The expressions of the Cramér-Rao lower bound deduced by this method allow us to study in great detail the limit of astrometric precision that can be reached for moving celestial objects, and to compute an optimal exposure time according to different observational parameters such as seeing, detector pixel size, decentering, and elongation of the source caused by its drift. Comparison to simulated and real data shows that the predictions of our simple model are consistent with observations.
BRAFV600inhibition alters the microRNA cargo in the vesicular secretome of malignant melanoma cells
Authors: Lunavat Taral R. , Cheng Lesley , Einarsdottir Berglind O. , Olofsson Bagge Roger , Veppil Muralidharan Somsundar , Sharples Robyn A. , Lässer Cecilia , Gho Yong Song , Hill Andrew F. , Nilsson Jonas A. , Lötvall Jan 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceThe development of BRAF inhibitors is a notable clinical success, leading to rapid initial melanoma regression. However, response rates are tempered by a short duration of response in a majority of patients. This study has determined the effects of BRAF inhibition on mutant melanoma cells, as well as on the RNA contents in their vesicular secretome. Our data show the presence of miR-211–5p in all extracellular vesicular (EV) subsets upon treatment with BRAF inhibitors, which provides a fundamental starting point to understand the regulatory effects of molecules present in EVs, which may have implications for disease progression in patients receiving BRAF-targeted treatment.
Tracing Dietary Mercury Histochemically, with Autometallography, through the Liver to the Ovaries and Spawned Eggs of the Spot, a Temperate Coastal Marine Fish
Authors: Govoni John J. , Morris James A. , Evans David W. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Exposure to mercury (Hg) results in reproductive abnormalities and deficiencies in female fish. We traced the maternal assimilation and redistribution of dietary inorganic (HgII) and organic (MeHg) forms of Hg in a coastal marine fish, the Spot Leiostomus xanthurus. We conducted a 90-d laboratory experiment in which treatment Spot were fed muscle of Blue Marlin Makaira nigricans with elevated concentrations of Hg mixed with a commercial fish food, while control Spot were fed only commercial food pellets. Gonadal maturation was induced by shortening the photoperiod and increasing the temperature. Spawning was induced by intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin at 100 IU/kg. Solid-sampling atomic absorption spectrophotometry measured the total Hg (THg), HgII, and MeHg in Blue Marlin muscle. Autometallography located Hg-sulfide granules in the liver, ovaries, and spawned eggs, and densitometry provided comparisons of Hg-sulfide granules in the ovaries of treatment and control Spot. Overall, the intensity and prevalence of Hg-sulfide granules were greater in the liver, ovaries, and eggs from treatment Spot than in those from controls. The tissue and cellular distribution of Hg-sulfide granules differed.
Received November 18, 2016; accepted June 18, 2017 Published online August 11, 2017
Accessing the diffracted wavefield by coherent subtraction
Authors: Schwarz Benjamin , Gajewski Dirk 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDiffractions have unique properties which are still rarely exploited in common practice. Aside from containing subwavelength information on the scattering geometry or indicating small-scale structural complexity, they provide superior illumination compared to reflections. While diffraction occurs arguably on all scales and in most realistic media, the respective signatures typically have low amplitudes and are likely to be masked by more prominent wavefield components. It has been widely observed that automated stacking acts as a directional filter favouring the most coherent arrivals. In contrast to other works, which commonly aim at steering the summation operator towards fainter contributions, we utilize this directional selection to coherently approximate the most dominant arrivals and subtract them from the data. Supported by additional filter functions which can be derived from wave front attributes gained during the stacking procedure, this strategy allows for a fully data-driven recovery of faint diffractions and makes them accessible for further processing. A complex single-channel field data example recorded in the Aegean sea near Santorini illustrates that the diffracted background wavefield is surprisingly rich and despite the absence of a high channel count can still be detected and characterized, suggesting a variety of applications in industry and academia.
Bounded Height in Families of Dynamical Systems
Authors: DeMarco Laura , Ghioca Dragos , Krieger Holly , Dang Nguyen Khoa , Tucker Thomas , Ye Hexi 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Let $a,b\in\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$ be such that exactly one of $a$ and $b$ is an algebraic integer, and let $f_t(z):=z^2+t$ be a family of polynomials parameterized by $t\in\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$. We prove that the set of all $t\in\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$ for which there exist $m,n\geq 0$ such that $f_t^m(a)=f_t^n(b)$ has bounded height. This is a special case of a more general result supporting a new bounded height conjecture in arithmetic dynamics.
Fairness in the Contract of Employment
Authors: Sanders Astrid 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Many labour law scholars in the UK are disillusioned with recent judicial decisions by the House of Lords and Supreme Court on the contract of employment. The argument made in this article is that, although there are good reasons for disillusionment with the Johnson v Unisys progeny, there have nevertheless been potentially some very positive developments for employees in recent decisions. On procedural fairness, the High Court has read in principles of ‘natural justice’ to the employment contract, whereas both High Court and Court of Appeal decisions seem to see courts intervening, at least in some areas, in the employment relation also on the grounds of substantive fairness. It is suggested here that these recent cases are evidence of a nascent duty of ‘fairness’ in the contract of employment, and the case is made for explicit recognition of, and development of, this duty. A practical application is provided, to finish, with the topical phenomenon of so-called ‘zero hours contracts’.
Disparities in the Management of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Hsu Jennifer Y. , Chen Ling , Gumer Arielle R. , Tergas Ana I. , Hou June Y. , Burke William M. , Ananth Cande V. , Hershman Dawn L. , Wright Jason D. 
Published: July 2017

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.03.001)
Ectopic pregnancy commonly occurs among young women. Its incidence varies between 1% and 2%.
Practice Preferences for Glaucoma Surgery: A Survey of the American Glaucoma Society
Authors: Vinod Kateki , Gedde Steven J. , Feuer William J. , Panarelli Joseph F. , Chang Ta C. , Chen Philip P. , Parrish Richard K. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to assess surgical practice patterns among the American Glaucoma Society (AGS) membership.

Methods:
An anonymous online survey evaluating the use of glaucoma surgeries in various clinical settings was redistributed to AGS members. Survey responses were compared with prior results from 1996, 2002, and 2008 to determine shifts in surgical practice patterns. Questions were added to assess the preferred approach to primary incisional glaucoma surgery and phacoemulsification combined with glaucoma surgery.

Results:
A total of 252 of 1091 (23%) subscribers to the AGS-net participated in the survey. Percentage use (mean±SD) of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC), glaucoma drainage device (GDD), and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) as an initial surgery in patients with primary open angle glaucoma was 59%±30%, 23%±23%, and 14%±20%, respectively. Phacoemulsification cataract extraction alone was the preferred surgical approach in 44%±32% of patients with primary open angle glaucoma and visually significant cataract, and phacoemulsification cataract extraction was combined with trabeculectomy with MMC in 24%±23%, with MIGS in 22%±27%, and with GDD in 9%±14%. Although trabeculectomy was selected most frequently to surgically manage glaucoma in 8 of 8 clinical settings in 1996, GDD was preferred in 7 of 8 clinical settings in 2016.

Conclusions:
The use of GDD has increased and that of trabeculectomy has concurrently decreased over the past 2 decades. Trabeculectomy with MMC is the most popular primary incisional surgery when performed alone or in combination with phacoemulsification cataract extraction. Surgeons frequently manage coexistent cataract and glaucoma with cataract extraction alone, rather than as a combined cataract and glaucoma procedure.
Development and Validation of a Modular Endoscopic Ear Surgery Skills Trainer
Authors: Dedmon Matthew M. , O’Connell Brendan P. , Kozin Elliott D. , Remenschneider Aaron K. , Barber Samuel R. , Lee Daniel J. , Labadie Robert F. , Rivas Alejandro 
Published: July 2017

Objective:Endoscopic ear surgery (EES) is an emerging technique requiring single-handed dissection with limited depth perception. Current options for EES simulation and training are limited. Herein, we introduce a versatile, low-cost surgical skills trainer that aims to improve the fine motor control necessary for EES.Study Design:Prospective validation study.Setting:Surgical simulation laboratory.Participants:Seven subjects ranging in experience from medical students (“Novices”) to experienced ear surgeons (“Experts”) participated in the validation study. Experts (n = 3) were defined as performing >10 EES cases per year.Methods:The skills trainer was constructed from a 3” diameter polyvinyl chloride pipe cap modified with two ports for instrument passage. A wooden platform was placed inside at an appropriate working distance for ear surgery. Eight interchangeable skills modules were fabricated on wooden squares (3 cm × 3 cm) using materials such as #19 wire brads, 1.6 mm glass beads, and 26-gauge jewelry wire. The material cost of this reusable model was $15. Subjects completed each skills module in triplicate, followed by a Likert-based survey.Results:Expert performance was superior to novices in 100% (8/8) of skills modules, i.e., threading beads on a wire (43 versus 127 s,p < 0.001) and placing a simulated prosthesis (13 versus 68 s,p = 0.01). Most participants (86%) agreed the trainer orientation was accurate and all participants (100%) were satisfied with the experience.Conclusions:This low-cost modular task trainer may help fill a void in otologic training by allowing efficient, deliberate practice of validated exercises designed to improve fine motor control with EES instrumentation.
Membrane lipids and cell signaling
Authors: Sunshine Hannah , Iruela-Arispe Maria Luisa 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Reception and transmission of signals across the plasma membrane has been a function generally attributed to transmembrane proteins. In the last 3 years, however, a growing number of reports have further acknowledged important contributions played by membrane lipids in the process of signal transduction.

Recent findings
In particular, the constituency of membrane lipids can regulate how proteins with SH2 domains and molecules like K-Ras expose their catalytic domains to the cytosol and interact with effectors and second messengers. Recent reports have also shown that the degree of saturation of phospholipids can reduce the activation of certain G-protein-coupled receptors, and signaling downstream to Toll-like receptor 4 with consequences to nuclear factor kappa B activation and inflammation. Levels of specific gangliosides in the membrane were reported to activate integrins in a cell-autonomous manner affecting tumor cell migration. Furthermore, high resolution of the association of cholesterol with the smoothened receptor has clarified its participation in sonic hedgehog signaling. These are some of the key advancements that have further propelled our understanding of the broad versatile contributions of membrane lipids in signal transduction.

Summary
As we gain definitive detail regarding the impact of lipid–protein interactions and their consequences to cell function, the options for therapeutic targeting expand with the possibility of greater specificity.
Advances in midface reconstruction: beyond the reconstructive ladder
Authors: Eskander Antoine , Kang Stephen Y. , Teknos Theodoros N. , Old Matthew O. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
This article reviews the anatomy and function of the midface, defect classifications and the breadth of common and novel reconstructive techniques including medical modeling, dental splints, and dental rehabilitation.

Recent findings
Historically many classification systems for midface and maxillary defects exist but most defects are unique and an individualized approach is required. There has been an increased interest in using regional pedicled flaps with bone for reconstruction. Free flap reconstruction with the osteocutaneous radial forearm and fibula flap have been recently modified to increase the success of osseointegrated implants. Scapular free flap reconstruction has become increasingly popular because of the versatility, good bony contour match, and long pedicle length with the scapular tip flap. Dental splints are more cost effective than medical modeling and cutting guides but both techniques are complimentary in complex reconstruction.

Summary
Midface reconstruction is a unique and challenging surgery demonstrated by the numerous classification systems and techniques available to reconstruct. Recent developments have further augmented these challenging reconstructions.
Can Exchange Transfusion Normalize Serum Levels of Copper, Zinc, and Magnesium in Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia?
Authors: Abdel Aziz Reem A. , El-Mazary Abdel-Azeem M. , Saidii Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a frequently encountered problem. Erythrocytes, especially reticulocytes are rich in copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) so its serum levels increase after hemolysis. Zinc (Zn) plays an important role in synthesis of some enzymes included in the bilirubin metabolism and may cause hemolysis. Exchange transfusion is the main treatment for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia but can exchange transfusion affect the previous trace elements.

Materials and Methods:
We measured Cu, Zn, and Mg serum levels in full-term neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Minia University hospital with severe indirect hyperbilirubinemia before and after exchange transfusion.

Results:
There were significant higher serum Cu and Mg and lower Zn serum levels in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia than controls and their levels were significantly normalized after exchange transfusion. Significant positive correlations between the total bilirubin levels and hemoglobin, Cu and Mg serum levels and significant negative correlations with Zn levels were present. There were no significant correlations between maternal and neonatal serum levels of any of them.

Conclusions:
Exchange transfusion can normalize the significant higher Cu and Mg and lower Zn serum levels in neonates with severe indirect hyperbilirubinemia which were not related to their maternal serum levels.