bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperelastic Tough Gels through Macrocross‐Linking
Authors: Goswami Shailesh K. , McAdam Christopher John , Hanton Lyall R. , Moratti Stephen C. 
Published: May 2017

The wet and soft nature of hydrogels makes them useful as a mimic for biological tissues, and in uses such as actuators and drug delivery vehicles. For many applications the mechanical performance of the gel is critical, but gels are notoriously weak and prone to fracture. Free radical polymerization is a very powerful technique allowing for fine spatial and temporal control of polymerization, but also allows for the use of a wide range of monomers and mixtures. In this work, it is demonstrated that extremely tough and extensible hydrogels can be readily produced through simple radical polymerization of acrylamide or acrylic acid with a poly(ethylene oxide) macrocross‐linker. These gels, with a water content of 85%, are extremely elastic with an extension much more than 15 000% at 9 MPa true stress. They can be compressed over 98% at a stress of 17 MPa. They are notch‐insensitive, and the usual trouser tear test does not work because the tear simply does not propagate. This highly extensible nature seems to be related to very long chain lengths between cross‐links and efficient incorporation of chains into the network.
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Poly(amino acid)‐Based Gel Fibers with pH Responsivity by Coaxial Reactive Electrospinning
Authors: Molnar Kristof , Jedlovszky‐Hajdu Angela , Zrinyi Miklos , Jiang Shaohua , Agarwal Seema 
Published: May 2017

Electrospinning is a well‐known technique for the preparation of scaffolds for biomedical applications. In this work, a continuous electrospinning method for gel fiber preparation is presented without a spinning window. As proof of concept, the preparation of poly(aspartic acid)‐based hydrogel fibers and their properties are described by using poly(succinimide) as shell polymer and 2,2,4(2,4,4)‐trimethyl‐1,6‐hexanediamine as cross‐linker in the core of the nozzle. Cross‐linking takes place as the two solutions get in contact at the tip of the nozzle. The impact of solution concentrations and feeding rates on fiber morphology, proof of the presence of cross‐links as well as pH sensitivity after the transformation of the poly(succinimide)‐based material to poly(aspartic acid) is presented.
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Controlled Synthesis of Poly(p‐phenylene) Using a Zincate Complex, tBu4ZnLi2
Authors: Ochiai Yuto , Goto Eisuke , Higashihara Tomoya 
Published: May 2017

Well‐defined poly(2,5‐dihexyloxyphenylene‐1,4‐diyl) (PPP) is successfully synthesized by the Negishi catalyst‐transfer polycondensation (NCTP) using dilithium tetra(tert‐butyl)zincate (tBu4ZnLi2). The obtained PPP possesses the number‐averaged molecular weight (Mn) values in the range of 2100–22 000 and the molar‐mass dispersity (ÐM) values in the range of 1.09–1.23. In addition, block copolymers containing PPP and poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) segments (PPP‐b‐P3HT) are synthesized to confirm the feasibility of chain extension between the different monomers based on NCTP.
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Design for the transfer of a validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analytical method for the determination of antimicrobial residues in honey from low‐resolution to high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: El Hawari Khaled , Al Iskandarani Mohamad , Mompelat Sophie , Hurtaud‐Pessel Dominique , Verdon Eric 
Published: May 2017

RationaleThis paper investigates the validity of the transfer of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the determination of veterinary medicinal products in honey and compares it with an LC/linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometry method. A descriptive statistical approach was used in order to assess whether such a transfer would succeed or fail. This approach is based on the simultaneous evaluation of the trueness and of the intermediate precision for each compound at a 95% interval of confidence of both analytical techniques.MethodsTwo grams of honey were placed in a centrifuge tube and diluted with 2.5 mL of ultra‐pure water and 2.5 mL of acidified methanol with hydrochloric acid at 2 mol.mL–1. The extract was purified with 50 mg of primary secondary amine and then analyzed using LC/MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and LC/orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry in full scan mode. Both analytical techniques were compared by using the descriptive statistical approach for the determination of antimicrobial residues in honey.ResultsThe transfer of the method showed that the Orbitrap system provides the same accurate analytical results compared with the LC/MS/MS method except for 4‐epitetracycline, anhydroerythromycin A, erythromycin A enol ether, and dihydrostreptomycin. Furthermore, the LC/LTQ‐Orbitrap system is capable of successfully competing with the LC/MS/MS method by additional provision of high mass resolution and mass accuracy even though it shows less sensitivity compared with the LC/MS/MS instrument. CCα levels for most analytes were 1.3 times higher by LC/MS/MS than those observed by LC/LTQ‐Orbitrap. The method was assessed in terms of relative bias through analysis of a reference material provided by FAPAS (Food Analysis Performance and Assessment Scheme) and also through the control of several contaminated honey samples from local Lebanese markets. Satisfactory relative bias was below 22% except for tetracycline found in one sample that showed a higher bias at 29%.ConclusionsThe LC/LTQ‐Orbitrap method offers adequate performance in comparison with previously validated method on a LC/MS/MS system resulting in acceptance of the transfer of the method from LC/MS/MS to LC/LTQ‐Orbitrap. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Influence of TPOACl on the Post‐Synthesis of Hierarchical Zeolite Y and the Catalytic Cracking Application
Authors: Li Wenlin , Zheng Jinyu , Luo Yibin , Tu Chunyan , Han Lei , Da Zhijian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA hierarchical zeolite Y was prepared through a facile SiCl4‐dealumination plus alkaline treatment process with the addition of surfactant TPOACl. It was investigated in detail by XRD, BET, MAS NMR, NH3‐TPD and Py‐IR. Compared with single alkaline treatment, the alkaline treatment in the presence of TPOACl could protect the microporosity of zeolite and led to hierarchical pore structures with increased mesoporosity and narrow distribution of mesopores. Accordingly, the mechanism for the desilication and the formation of mesopores in the presence of TPOACl was proposed based on the measurement results of NMR and Py‐IR. The EFAl species could be assembled to poly‐aluminum species in the presence of TPOACl and leads to low content of Lewis acid sites. The hierarchical zeolite Y with high ratio of B/L and high percent of mesopores possesses excellent catalytic performance in the conversion of 1,3,5‐TIPB.
Manipulating Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Removal of Both Cationic and Anionic Dyes from Wastewater
Authors: Dutta Dimple P. , Venugopalan Ramani , Chopade Suresh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study explores the application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for efficient removal of a mixture of cationic and anionic dyes. The multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been synthesized using a thermal chemical vapor deposition technique and they have been functionalized via acid treatment (ACNT), heat treatment (HCNT) and have also been treated with amine (NH2CNT). Specific surface area, powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) spectroscopy, zero point charge (pHzpc) of MWCNT, ACNT, HCNT and NH2CNT have been investigated in this study. The sorption studies have been done using rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG) and methyl orange (MO) dyes. The conditions for optimum adsorption of the dyes onto these CNTs have been determined by investigating the effect of the contact time, pH of solution, and initial solution concentration in batch adsorption process. MWCNT and ACNT showed greater affinity for cationic MB, MG and RhB dyes whereas NH2CNT exhibited better sorption of the anionic dye MO. For adsorption of MG by MWCNT, ACNT and HCNT and MO by NH2CNT, the Langmuir adsorption equilibrium isotherm data provides a better fit than the Freundlich isotherm. Furthermore, the separation factor, RL and the surface coverage, for Langmuir isotherm confirms that the proposed adsorption process is the most suitable for MWCNT, ACNT, HCNT and NH2CNT for these selected dyes. The reusability of the sorbents has also been tested and they have been found to retain their efficiency after three consecutive runs. The composites of NH2CNT with MWCNT/ACNT exhibits good sorption affinity for both cationic and anionic dyes which suggest that these could be effectively used for the removal of dye effluents from waste water.
Cascades of Interrupted Pummerer Reaction‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement
Authors: Yorimitsu Hideki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new class of Pummerer chemistry has emerged as a powerful tool in organic synthesis. The new technology consists of a beautiful cascade of an interrupted Pummerer reaction and the subsequent [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement. The interrupted Pummerer reactions of alkenyl or aryl sulfoxides with unsaturated nucleophiles such as allylic silanes, ketones, and phenols provide sulfonium intermediates, which are ready to undergo smooth charge‐accelerated [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement with excellent to exclusive regioselectivity. Some of the transformations proceed with transient loss of aromaticity. The reactions afforded five‐membered heterocycles, benzofurans, and biaryls of importance, depending on the sulfoxides and nucleophiles used. The reactions are unique and game‐changing because they are efficient, robust, redox‐neutral, regioselective, and metal‐free, which perfectly fits the need of modern organic synthesis. This chemistry also underscores the synthetic potential of organosulfur chemistry.
Virtual endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: models and uncertainty
Authors: Sarrami‐Foroushani Ali , Lassila Toni , Frangi Alejandro F. 
Published: May 2017

Virtual endovascular treatment models (VETMs) have been developed with the view to aid interventional neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons to pre‐operatively analyze the comparative efficacy and safety of endovascular treatments for intracranial aneurysms. Based on the current state of VETMs in aneurysm rupture risk stratification and in patient‐specific prediction of treatment outcomes, we argue there is a need to go beyond personalized biomechanical flow modeling assuming deterministic parameters and error‐free measurements. The mechanobiological effects associated with blood clot formation are important factors in therapeutic decision making and models of post‐treatment intra‐aneurysmal biology and biochemistry should be linked to the purely hemodynamic models to improve the predictive power of current VETMs. The influence of model and parameter uncertainties associated to each component of a VETM is, where feasible, quantified via a random‐effects meta‐analysis of the literature. This allows estimating the pooled effect size of these uncertainties on aneurysmal wall shear stress. From such meta‐analyses, two main sources of uncertainty emerge where research efforts have so far been limited: (1) vascular wall distensibility, and (2) intra/intersubject systemic flow variations. In the future, we suggest that current deterministic computational simulations need to be extended with strategies for uncertainty mitigation, uncertainty exploration, and sensitivity reduction techniques. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1385. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1385This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Laundry Detergency of Solid Non‐particulate Soil or Waxy Solids: Part I. Relation to Oily Soil Removal Above the Melting Point
Authors: Chanwattanakit Jarussri , Scamehorn John F. , Sabatini David A. , Chavadej Sumaeth 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this work, methyl palmitate or palmitic acid methyl ester, a monoglyceride, was used as both a model solid fat below the melting point and as an oily soil above the melting point. An anionic extended surfactant [branched alcohol propoxylate sulfate sodium salt (C123‐(PO)4‐SO4Na)] was used to remove methyl palmitate from cotton and from polyester. Above the melting point (~30 °C) of methyl palmitate, the maximum oily soil removal was found to correspond to the lowest dynamic interfacial tension, as is common with liquid soils. Below the melting point, the lower the contact angle of the wash solution against the soil (indicating higher wettability), the higher the solid fat soil detergency. The removed methyl palmitate was found to be mostly in unsolubilized droplets or particles with a small fraction of micellar solubilization for both solid and liquid forms. The presence of surfactant can prevent the agglomeration of detached methyl palmitate particles in both liquid and solid forms, reducing redeposition and enhancing detergency. Below the melting point, the surfactant aids the solution wetting the surfaces, then penetrating the waxy solid, causing detachment as small particles, and dispersion of these particles. Unlike particulate soil detergency, electrostatic forces are not the dominant factor in fatty soil detergency.
Application of Dispersed Particle Gel to Inhibit Surfactant Adsorption on Sand
Authors: Wu Yining , Chen Wenxia , Hu Mei , Dai Caili , Zhao Mingwei , He Long 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article highlights an efficient and cost‐effective additive‐dispersed particle gel (DPG) to reduce surfactant adsorption on sand. Indoor experiments were conducted to study the effect of DPG on static adsorption and dynamic adsorption of the surfactant. The static adsorption data were evaluated using different isotherm models and the Redlich–Peterson isotherm matched the best. Results showed a significant inhibition of surfactant adsorption in the presence of DPG. The dynamic adsorption of SDS on sand decreased to 0.78, 0.68 and 0.61 mg/g compared with original value of 1.17 mg/g by adding 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 wt% DPG particles, respectively. This study suggests that DPG can inhibit the adsorption of surfactant on sand effectively.
The antifungal Aureobasidin A and an analogue are active against the protozoan parasiteToxoplasma gondiibut do not inhibit sphingolipid biosynthesis
Authors: ALQAISI A. Q. I. , MBEKEANI A. J. , LLORENS M. BASSAS , ELHAMMER A. P. , DENNY P. W. 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondiiis an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, and toxoplasmosis is an important disease of both humans and economically important animals. With a limited array of drugs available there is a need to identify new therapeutic compounds. Aureobasidin A (AbA) is an antifungal that targets the essential inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC, sphingolipid) synthase in pathogenic fungi. This natural cyclic depsipeptide also inhibitsToxoplasmaproliforation, with the protozoan IPC synthase orthologue proposed as the target. The data presented here show that neither AbA nor an analogue (Compound 20), target the protozoan IPC synthase orthologue or total parasite sphingolipid synthesis. However, further analyses confirm that AbA exhibits significant activity against the proliferative tachyzoite form ofToxoplasma, and Compound 20, whilst effective, has reduced efficacy. This difference was more evident on analyses of the direct effect of these compounds against isolatedToxoplasma, indicating that AbA is rapidly microbicidal. Importantly, the possibility of targeting the encysted, bradyzoite, form of the parasite with AbA and Compound 20 was demonstrated, indicating that this class of compounds may provide the basis for the first effective treatment for chronic toxoplasmosis.
Non-parametric estimation for a pure-jump Lévy process
Authors: Cai Chunhao , Guo Junyi , You Honglong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an estimator of the survival probability for a Lévy risk model observed at low frequency. The estimator is constructed via a regularised version of the inverse of the Laplace transform. The convergence rate of the estimator in a sense of the integrated squared error is studied for large sample size. Simulation studies are also given to show the finite sample performance of our estimator.
Histone variant H2A.J accumulates in senescent cells and promotes inflammatory gene expression
Authors: Contrepois Kévin , Coudereau Clément , Benayoun Bérénice A. , Schuler Nadine , Roux Pierre-François , Bischof Oliver , Courbeyrette Régis , Carvalho Cyril , Thuret Jean-Yves , Ma Zhihai , Derbois Céline , Nevers Marie-Claire , Volland Hervé , Redon Christophe E. , Bonner William M. , Deleuze Jean-François , Wiel Clotilde , Bernard David , Snyder Michael P. , Rübe Claudia E. , Olaso Robert , Fenaille François , Mann Carl 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe senescence of mammalian cells is characterized by a proliferative arrest in response to stress and the expression of an inflammatory phenotype. Here we show that histone H2A.J, a poorly studied H2A variant found only in mammals, accumulates in human fibroblasts in senescence with persistent DNA damage. H2A.J also accumulates in mice with aging in a tissue-specific manner and in human skin. Knock-down of H2A.J inhibits the expression of inflammatory genes that contribute to the senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and over expression of H2A.J increases the expression of some of these genes in proliferating cells. H2A.J accumulation may thus promote the signalling of senescent cells to the immune system, and it may contribute to chronic inflammation and the development of aging-associated diseases.
Senescent tumor cells lead the collective invasion in thyroid cancer
Authors: Kim Young Hwa , Choi Yong Won , Lee Jeonghun , Soh Euy Young , Kim Jang-Hee , Park Tae Jun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCellular senescence has been perceived as a barrier against carcinogenesis. However, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of senescent cells can promote tumorigenesis. Here, we show senescent tumour cells are frequently present in the front region of collective invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), as well as lymphatic channels and metastatic foci of lymph nodes. In in vitro invasion analysis, senescent tumour cells exhibit high invasion ability as compared with non-senescent tumour cells through SASP expression. Collective invasion in PTC is led by senescent tumour cells characterized by generation of a C-X-C-motif ligand (CXCL)12 chemokine gradient in the front region. Furthermore, senescent cells increase the survival of cancer cells via CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling. An orthotopic xenograft in vivo model also shows higher lymphatic vessels involvement in the group co-transplanted with senescent cells and cancer cells. These findings suggest that senescent cells are actively involved in the collective invasion and metastasis of PTC.
Climate warming reduces the temporal stability of plant community biomass production
Authors: Ma Zhiyuan , Liu Huiying , Mi Zhaorong , Zhang Zhenhua , Wang Yonghui , Xu Wei , Jiang Lin , He Jin-Sheng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change has emerged as a critical environmental problem, prompting frequent investigations into its consequences for various ecological systems. Few studies, however, have explored the effect of climate change on ecological stability and the underlying mechanisms. We conduct a field experiment to assess the influence of warming and altered precipitation on the temporal stability of plant community biomass in an alpine grassland located on the Tibetan Plateau. We find that whereas precipitation alteration does not influence biomass temporal stability, warming lowers stability through reducing the degree of species asynchrony. Importantly, biomass temporal stability is not influenced by plant species diversity, but is largely determined by the temporal stability of dominant species and asynchronous population dynamics among the coexisting species. Our findings suggest that ongoing and future climate change may alter stability properties of ecological communities, potentially hindering their ability to provide ecosystem services for humanity.
A Highly Potent Class of Halogenated Phenazine Antibacterial and Biofilm-Eradicating Agents Accessed Through a Modular Wohl-Aue Synthesis
Authors: Yang Hongfen , Abouelhassan Yasmeen , Burch Gena M. , Kallifidas Dimitris , Huang Guangtao , Yousaf Hussain , Jin Shouguang , Luesch Hendrik , Huigens Robert W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnlike individual, free-floating planktonic bacteria, biofilms are surface-attached communities of slow- or non-replicating bacteria encased within a protective extracellular polymeric matrix enabling persistent bacterial populations to tolerate high concentrations of antimicrobials. Our current antibacterial arsenal is composed of growth-inhibiting agents that target rapidly-dividing planktonic bacteria but not metabolically dormant biofilm cells. We report the first modular synthesis of a library of 20 halogenated phenazines (HP), utilizing the Wohl-Aue reaction, that targets both planktonic and biofilm cells. New HPs, including 6-substituted analogues, demonstrate potent antibacterial activities against MRSA, MRSE and VRE (MIC = 0.003–0.78 µM). HPs bind metal(II) cations and demonstrate interesting activity profiles when co-treated in a panel of metal(II) cations in MIC assays. HP 1 inhibited RNA and protein biosynthesis while not inhibiting DNA biosynthesis using 3H-radiolabeled precursors in macromolecular synthesis inhibition assays against MRSA. New HPs reported here demonstrate potent eradication activities (MBEC = 0.59–9.38 µM) against MRSA, MRSE and VRE biofilms while showing minimal red blood cell lysis or cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. PEG-carbonate HPs 24 and 25 were found to have potent antibacterial activities with significantly improved water solubility. HP small molecules could have a dramatic impact on persistent, biofilm-associated bacterial infection treatments.
Triplet Cooper pairs induced in diffusive s-wave superconductors interfaced with strongly spin-polarized magnetic insulators or half-metallic ferromagnets
Authors: Ouassou Jabir Ali , Pal Avradeep , Blamire Mark , Eschrig Matthias , Linder Jacob 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInterfacing superconductors with strongly spin-polarized magnetic materials opens the possibility to discover new spintronic devices in which spin-triplet Cooper pairs play a key role. Motivated by the recent derivation of spin-polarized quasiclassical boundary conditions capable of describing such a scenario in the diffusive limit, we consider the emergent physics in hybrid structures comprised of a conventional s-wave superconductor (e.g. Nb, Al) and either strongly spin-polarized ferromagnetic insulators (e.g. EuO, GdN) or halfmetallic ferromagnets (e.g. CrO2, LCMO). In contrast to most previous works, we focus on how the superconductor itself is influenced by the proximity effect, and how the generated triplet Cooper pairs manifest themselves in the self-consistently computed density of states (DOS) and the superconducting critical temperature T
c
. We provide a comprehensive treatment of how the superconductor and its properties are affected by the triplet pairs, demonstrating that our theory can reproduce the recent observation of an unusually large zero-energy peak in a superconductor interfaced with a half-metal, which even exceeds the normal-state DOS. We also discuss the recent observation of a large superconducting spin-valve effect with a T
c
change ~1 K in superconductor/half-metal structures, in which case our results indicate that the experiment cannot be explained fully by a long-ranged triplet proximity effect.