bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant species diversification in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains region: an example from an endemic lineage of Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae) in the role of floral specializations and rapid range expansions
Authors: Liu Rong , Wang Wei‐Jia , Wang Hong , Ree Richard H. , Li De‐Zhu , Yu Wen‐Bin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe c. 270 endemic species of Pedicularis in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains (HHM) region exhibit high diversity in geographic distribution, elevational range and floral morphology. Many of these, including the species with the longest corolla tubes and beaked galeas, are monophyletic and represent a putative in situ radiation. In this study, we focus on the representative Clade 3 within the HHM region. We integrate the plastid phylogeny of this clade with environmental data and species distributions to infer environmental correlates of species diversity. We estimate macroevolutionary rates and reconstructed ancestral states for geographic ranges and corolla traits, and analyse patterns of range overlap and niche evolution to assess drivers of diversification in the HHM region. Our results show that the region from northwest Yunnan to southwest Sichuan is the centre of diversity for this clade of Pedicularis. Rates of diversification are associated with precipitation and multiple environmental factors. Multiple range expansions from the Sanjiang (Three Parallel Rivers) region, followed by allopatric speciation across the HHM region, contributed to early rapid diversification. Corolla traits are not significantly associated with species diversification. This study highlights the importance of integrated evidence for understanding species diversification dynamics and contributes to our understanding of the origins of the remarkable richness of plant species in the HHM region.
High‐concentration hydrogen inhalation mitigates sepsis‐associated encephalopathy in mice by improving mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Cui Yan , Meng Shuqi , Zhang Nannan , Liu Jingya , Zheng Lina , Ma Wanjie , Song Yu , Wang Zhiwei , Shen Yuehao , Liu Jianfeng , Xie Keliang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a neuronal injury with poor prognosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is critical in SAE development, and hydrogen gas (H2) has a protective effect on septic mice. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high concentration (67%) of H2 on SAE and whether it is related to mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics.MethodsA mouse sepsis model was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. The mice inhalated 67% H2 for 1 h at 1 and 6 h post‐surgery, respectively. The 7‐day survival rate was recorded. Cognitive function was assessed using the Y‐maze test and Morris water maze test. Serum inflammatory factors, antioxidant enzymes, as well as mitochondrial function indexes including mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP in the hippocampal tissue were evaluated 24 h after surgery. Mitochondrial dynamic proteins (DRP1 and MFN2) and biosynthetic proteins (PGC‐1α, NRF2, and TFAM) in the hippocampal tissue were detected. Moreover, the morphology of mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscopy.ResultsInhalation of 67% H2 improved the 7‐day survival rates and recognition memory function of septic mice, alleviated brain antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and CAT), and reduced serum proinflammatory cytokine levels. H2 inhalation also enhanced the expression of MFN2 and mitochondrial biogenesis‐related factors (PGC‐1α, NRF2, and TFAM) and decreased the expression of fission protein (DRP1), leading to improvement in mitochondrial function, as evidenced by MMP and ATP levels.ConclusionsInhalation of high concentration (67%) of H2 in septic mice improved the survival rate and reduced neuronal injury. Its mechanism might be mediated by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics.
Whether coagulation dysfunction influences the onset and progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A multicenter study in middle‐aged and aged patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Xie Jiali , Yu Xinyue , Chen Luowei , Cheng Yifan , Li Kezheng , Song Mengwan , Chen Yinuo , Feng Fei , Cai Yunlei , Tong Shuting , Qian Yuqin , Xu Yiting , Zhang Haiqin , Yang Junjie , Xu Zirui , Cui Can , Yu Huan , Deng Binbin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundNearly half of patients with diabetes experience diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), resulting in a mere 53% survival rate within 3 years. Aberrations in coagulation function have been implicated in the pathogenesis of microvascular complications, prompting the need for a thorough investigation into its role as a contributing factor in the development and progression of DPN.MethodsData were gathered from 1211 type 2 diabetes patients admitted to five centers from September 2018 to October 2022 in China. DPN was evaluated by symptoms and electromyography. Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was appraised and the NCV sum score was calculated for the median, ulnar, and peroneal motor or sensory nerves.ResultsPatients with DPN exhibited alterations in coagulation function. (i) Specifically, they exhibited prolonged thrombin time (p = 0.012), elevated fibrinogen (p < 0.001), and shortened activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT; p = 0.026) when compared to the control group. (ii) After accounting for potential confounders in linear regression, fibrinogen, and D‐dimer were negatively related to the motor NCV, motor amplitude values, and mean velocity and amplitude. Also, fibrinogen was associated with higher Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (MNSI) scores (β 0.140; p = 0.001). This result of fibrinogen can be validated in the validation cohort with 317 diabetic patients. (iii) Fibrinogen was independently associated with the risk of DPN (OR 1.172; p = 0.035). In the total age group, DPN occurred at a slower rate until the predicted fibrinogen level reached around 3.75 g/L, after which the risk sharply escalated.ConclusionsCoagulation function is warranted to be concerned in patients with type 2 diabetes to predict and prevent the occurrence of DPN in clinical practice.
Risk Factors for Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Cui Kai , Chen Jie , Zhang Senlin , He ChenChen , Sun Shan , Li Jie 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjective and BackgroundSinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a life‐threatening complication in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. However, the related risk factors in pediatric and young adult HSCT recipients remain unclear. Thus, we conducted this meta‐analysis to identify potential risk factors for SOS in children and young adults undergoing HSCT.MethodWe acquired related articles through searching PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to May 31, 2024. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to identify potential risk factors.ResultsA total of 12 studies with 7644 HSCT recipients were included. Bone marrow transplantation (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03–1.77, I2 = 0%), busulfan (BU) (OR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.78–7.38, I2 = 70%), and fludarabine (FLU) (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.09–2.21, I2 = 16%) were risk factors for SOS after HSCT in children and young adults.ConclusionBone marrow transplantation and the use of BU or FLU might be risk factors for SOS after HSCT in children and young adults.
Characteristics of drug‐related deaths where individuals are found submerged in a bath or hot tub in the United Kingdom, 1997–2023
Authors: Roberts Emmert , Copeland Caroline , Darke Shane , Farrell Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionRecent media reports highlight that drug‐related fatalities can occur while individuals are immersed in water in domestic settings. We aimed to determine the case characteristics, circumstances of death and type of implicated drugs among individuals dying due to unintentional drug‐related causes found immersed in a bath or hot tub.MethodsRetrospective cohort study in the United Kingdom using coronial records from the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths, 1997–2023. Information was available on decedent socio‐demographics, characteristics of death and drugs implicated in death.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐six decedents were found immersed in the bath and six in a hot tub, a mean of 6.4 deaths per year (SD 3.7; range 1–13). Overall decedents were predominantly male (n = 94, 58.0%), of White ethnicity (n = 98, 60.5%) with a mean age of 40 years (SD 13; range 19–74). Only 12 decedents had any physical contributory factor to death other than poisoning or drowning. The median number of drugs detected at post‐mortem was 3 (interquartile range 2, 5) with multiple drug toxicity implicated in the majority of cases (n = 90, 55.6%). The most common implicated drugs were heroin (n = 53, 32.7%), alcohol (n = 46, 28.4%) and cocaine (n = 33, 20.4%).Discussion and ConclusionsOver the last two decades in the United Kingdom there have been consistent numbers of unintentional drug‐related deaths each year where individuals were found in a bath or hot tub. Polysubstance, opioid and alcohol use are overrepresented. Targeted advice to avoid bathing while intoxicated would appear to be an appropriate harm reduction message.
S2k‐Leitlinie Lipödem
Authors: Faerber Gabriele , Cornely Manuel , Daubert Constance , Erbacher Gabriele , Fink Jodok , Hirsch Tobias , Mendoza Erika , Miller Anya , Rabe Eberhard , Rapprich Stefan , Reich‐Schupke Stefanie , Stücker Markus , Brenner Erich 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende S2k‐Leitlinie wurde auf Initiative und unter Federführung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Phlebologie und Lymphologie (DGPL) e.V. erstellt. Ihr Ziel ist es, die Diagnostik und Therapie des Lipödems zu optimieren. Sie soll die unterschiedlichen Herangehensweisen der jeweiligen Berufsgruppen konsensbasiert zusammenführen und damit ein Grundkonzept für die bestmögliche Behandlung von Patientinnen mit Lipödem bieten. Insgesamt wurden 60 Empfehlungen zu den Themenbereichen Diagnostik, konservative und chirurgische Therapieoptionen sowie psychosoziale Faktoren und Selbstmanagement formuliert und abgestimmt. Die Leitlinie soll den aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft widerspiegeln und als Dokument für Diagnose‐ und Therapieempfehlungen bei Patientinnen mit Lipödem breite Anwendung finden.Insbesondere nimmt die Leitlinie Stellung zu Diagnosekriterien, Differenzialdiagnosen und koinzidenten Krankheitsbildern sowie deren Einfluss auf Diagnose und Therapie, sinnvollen Therapiemaßnahmen und Möglichkeiten des Selbstmanagements. Die Leitlinie Lipödem fasst die aktuelle nationale und internationale Evidenz sowie den deutschen Expertenkonsens zusammen und leitet daraus Empfehlungen ab, die zu bestmöglicher Behandlung von Patientinnen mit Lipödem führen sollen. Die Empfehlungen verstehen sich als Orientierungshilfe im Sinne von Handlungs‐ und Entscheidungskorridoren, von denen in begründeten Fällen abgewichen werden kann.
Transferability of an executive function intervention in children with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Blasco Montse , García‐Galant María , Ballester‐Plané Júlia , Laporta‐Hoyos Olga , Caldú Xavier , Leiva David , Boyd Roslyn N. , Ortibus Els , Pueyo Roser ,   The Clinic Practice Group
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the transfer effects of a home‐based computerized executive function intervention on non‐targeted cognitive functions (visual perception and memory), quality of life (QoL), and participation in children with cerebral palsy (CP), and to determine whether any improvements were maintained 9 months after the intervention.MethodSixty children with CP (aged 8–12 years) were randomly allocated to the intervention (15 females/15 males, mean age 10 years 4 months [SD = 1 years 8 months], age range 8–12 years) or waitlist (control) (15 females/15 males, mean age 10 years [SD = 1 years 9 months], age range 8–12 years) group. The intervention group underwent a home‐based executive function intervention programme for 30 minutes per day, 5 days a week, for 12 weeks. All participants were assessed before the intervention, immediately after and 9 months after the intervention was completed.ResultsAfter the intervention was completed, performance in immediate verbal memory, verbal learning, and visual perception (object and picture recognition) was significantly better in the intervention group than in the waitlist (control) group. No improvements were found in visual memory, visuospatial perception, QoL, or participation after the intervention. Scores at the follow‐up showed that any beneficial effects were not maintained 9 months after the intervention was completed.InterpretationA home‐based computerized executive function intervention produced transfer effects on memory and visual perception immediately after the intervention in children with CP, although any beneficial effects were not sustained at the 9‐month follow‐up.
Circadian clock period length is not consistently linked to chronotype in a wild songbird
Authors: Tomotani Barbara M. , Strauß Aurelia F. T. , Kishkinev Dmitry , van de Haar Huib , Helm Barbara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCircadian clock properties vary between individuals and relate to variation in entrained timing in captivity. How this variation translates into behavioural differences in natural settings, however, is poorly understood. Here, we tested in great tits whether variation in the free‐running period length (tau) under constant dim light (LL) was linked to the phase angle of the entrained rhythm (“chronotype”) in captivity and in the wild, as recently indicated in our study species. We also assessed links between tau and the timing of first activity onset and offset under LL relative to the last experienced light–dark (LD) cycle. We kept 66 great tits, caught in two winters, in LL for 14 days and subsequently released them with a radio transmitter back to the wild, where their activity and body temperature rhythms were tracked for 1 to 22 days. For a subset of birds, chronotype was also recorded in the lab before release. Neither wild nor lab chronotypes were related to tau. We also found no correlation between lab and wild chronotypes. However, the first onset in LL had a positive relationship with tau, but only in males. Our results demonstrate that links between tau and phase of entrainment, postulated on theoretical grounds, may not consistently hold under natural conditions, possibly due to strong masking. This calls for more holistic research on how the many components of the circadian system interact with the environment to shape timing in the wild.Wild birds showed chronotypes in the field that were unlinked to their circadian period length tau measured in captivity. In males only, the first onset of activity after exposure to constant dim light did correlate with tau. Our study emphasises the need to investigate clocks in the real world, including a need to better understand masking.
Male and female age affects the reproductive potential of two tephritid flies
Authors: Díaz Viviana , Giudice Antonella , Palladini Alfonsina , Moyano Andrea , Castillo Gisela , Pérez‐Staples Diana , Abraham Solana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn insects, aging produces deterioration in physiological and cellular functioning, affecting their reproductive potential. Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata are two fruit fly species where overwintering adults resume their reproductive activity in spring, giving old individuals the possibility of mating with young adults. Most age studies focus on male reproductive capacity; however, we lack information on how the interaction between the ages of both sexes can determine post‐mating processes. Here, we studied sex and age effects on (i) female fecundity and fertility, (ii) failure to leave viable offspring (reproductive failure), and (iii) female remating behavior. We found that young pairs of both species had higher fecundity, but young C. capitata males mated with old females had the lowest fecundity. This suggests that overwintering flies in this species will not substantially contribute to the next generation. We also found in C. capitata more prevalent reproductive failure in hetero‐age combinations, which could be due to age recognition between mates, resulting perhaps in differential ejaculate allocation. Copula duration was positively associated with female age, yet it was longer for older A. fraterculus females and shorter for C. capitata females. Female remating was lower when young females mated with old males in C. capitata. This would imply that males perceive young females of “good quality” and thus invest and transfer all the ejaculate possible to ensure the delay of renewal of female receptivity. Aging does not always cause a decline in reproductive potential, which may be important in species that overwinter as adults. Complex interactions between female physiology and male ejaculate senescence can impact postcopulatory behaviors that affect reproductive success for both sexes.
Role of work‐to‐family spillover, generative concern, and gender on subjective well‐being in full‐time working adults
Authors: Rudaz Myriam , Johnston Trinity , Fincham Frank D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to investigate full‐time working adults and the extent to which generative concern and gender moderate the association between positive and negative work‐to‐family spillover on life satisfaction and positive and negative affect.BackgroundFamilies are an important and viable support for many people and their well‐being. At the same time, an increasing number of women and men are working full‐time in the United States, and work is likely to spill over into family life and affect well‐being.MethodUsing data from the second wave of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, 1,570 full‐time working adults were examined. Regression analyses, controlling for education, hours worked for pay, parental status, and alternative well‐being outcomes, were conducted.ResultsThe results showed that generative concern and gender moderated the effect of negative work‐to‐family spillover on life satisfaction and the effect of positive work‐to‐family spillover on positive affect, albeit differently for women and men.ConclusionThe findings emphasize the importance of generative concern as a potential resource in full‐time working adults.ImplicationsCompanies could give employees the opportunity to pass on important skills to others, offer advice, or mentor young employees to strengthen generative concern.
Fretting fatigue fracture behavior of Ti6Al4V dovetail joint specimens at 500°C treated with nanosecond stacked femtosecond laser impact strengthening
Authors: Niu Fan , Chen Tai‐Li , Wang Zhi‐Guo , Wang Wei , Gong Xiu‐Fang , Fang Xiu‐Yang , Ni Jing , Cai Zhen‐Bing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe high‐temperature fretting fatigue damage characteristics of dovetail specimens strengthened by nanosecond laser (NL) and nanosecond combined femtosecond laser (F‐NL) were investigated. The results show that the fretting fatigue life of the NL strengthened sample (NL sample) is improved by 211.2% compared to the base metal samples (BM sample). The lifetime of the nanosecond combined femtosecond strengthened sample (F‐NL sample) was increased by 319.6%. It was attributed to the strengthening introducing hardened layers, residual compressive stress field, and high density of dislocations. The combined strengthening process reduces the surface roughness of the NL strengthened surfaces, while the strengthening influence layer is further increased. The fracture morphology shows that the crack source of the strengthened specimen has changed from multi‐source sprouting to single‐source sprouting, and the crack source sprouted on the subsurface. The fatigue strip morphology similarly confirms that a reduction in the crack propagation rate occurs.
Emergent Properties and Robustness of Species–Habitat Networks for Global Terrestrial Vertebrates
Authors: Hao Xiyang , Jung Martin , Zhang Yiwen , Yan Chuan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimHabitat loss is the dominant cause of biodiversity decline around the world, yet the complexity and stability of terrestrial assemblages related to suitable habitats have been almost unknown on a global scale.LocationGlobal.Time PeriodContemporary.Major Taxa StudiedMammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia.MethodsWe constructed gridded maps of species–habitat networks of terrestrial vertebrates based on global species distributions and a recently developed habitat type dataset. Then, we investigated the biogeographic patterns of emergent network structures and analysed network robustness to habitat loss by simulating habitat removals on a global scale.ResultsWe found that, compared with reptiles and amphibians, the species–habitat networks of mammals and birds were characterised by higher habitat diversity, connectance and modularity. All four taxonomical groups have high robustness globally, but after adjusting for species and habitat diversity, we found a variation of surplus and deficiency of network structures and robustness. Temperature and precipitation contributed most to relative network robustness globally, whereas geographical and human population factors played important roles in scattered regions on all continents.Main ConclusionsOverall, we provide novel insights into the biogeographic patterns of species–habitat connections through a network approach, which can help to identify gaps for reestablishing species–habitat links to improve conservation outcomes.
Biogeographical Variation in Termite Distributions Alters Global Deadwood Decay
Authors: Law Stephanie J. , Flores‐Moreno Habacuc , Parr Catherine L. , Adu‐Bredu Stephen , Bunney Katherine , Cornwell William K. , Evouna Ondo Fidèle , Powell Jeff R. , Quansah Gabriel W. , Robertson Mark P. , Zanne Amy E. , Eggleton Paul 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimTermites are a crucial group of macroinvertebrates regulating rates of deadwood decomposition across tropical and subtropical regions. When examining global patterns of deadwood decay, termites are treated as a homogenous group. There exist key biogeographical differences in termite distribution. One such clear distinction is the distribution of fungus‐growing termites (FGT, subfamily Macrotermitinae). Considering that climate will have shaped termite distribution and ecosystem processes, we evaluate the roles of termite distribution (presence of FGT) and climate (aridity) on global patterns in deadwood decay.LocationBetween 46° N‐43° S and 175° E‐85° W.Time PeriodPresent (between 2016 and 2021).Major Taxa StudiedTermites (Blattodea: Termitoidae).MethodsWe add salient data to an existing global dataset on deadwood decomposition, including new data from five existing sites and seven additional African sites. We analyse a dataset spanning six continents, 16 countries and 102 experimental sites. Firstly, we evaluate climatic differences (mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation and mean annual aridity) between sites with and without FGT. Secondly, using aridity as a single comparative climate metric between sites that accounts for temperature and precipitation differences, we examine the interaction between FGT and aridity on global patterns of termite deadwood discovery and decay through multivariate logistic and linear regressions.ResultsTermite‐driven decay and wood discovery increased with aridity; however, responses differed between FGT and NFGT sites. Wood discovery increased with aridity in FGT sites only, suggesting a greater role of FGT to deadwood decay in arid environments. On average, both termite discovery and decay of deadwood were approximately four times greater in regions with FGT compared with regions without FGT.Main ConclusionsTermite discovery and decay of deadwood is climate dependent, and higher decay may be through greater discovery of deadwood in FGT sites. Inclusion of biogeographical differences in termite distribution could potentially alter current and future global estimates of deadwood turnover.