bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Three Schaake Shuffle Schemes in Postprocessing GEFS Precipitation Ensemble Forecasts
Authors: Wu Limin , Zhang Yu , Adams Thomas , Lee Haksu , Liu Yuqiong , Schaake John 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Natural weather systems possess certain spatiotemporal variability and correlations. Preserving these spatiotemporal properties is a significant challenge in postprocessing ensemble weather forecasts. To address this challenge, several rank-based methods, the Schaake Shuffle and its variants, have been developed in recent years. This paper presents an extensive assessment of the Schaake Shuffle and its two variants. These schemes differ in how the reference multivariate rank structure is established. The first scheme (SS-CLM), an implementation of the original Schaake Shuffle method, relies on climatological observations to construct rank structures. The second scheme (SS-ANA) utilizes precipitation event analogs obtained from a historical archive of observations. The third scheme (SS-ENS) employs ensemble members from the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS). Each of the three schemes is applied to postprocess precipitation ensemble forecasts from the GEFS for its first three forecast days over the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. In general, the effectiveness of these schemes depends on several factors, including the season (or precipitation pattern) and the level of gridcell aggregation. It is found that 1) the SS-CLM and SS-ANA behave similarly in spatial and temporal correlations; 2) by a measure for capturing spatial variability, the SS-ENS outperforms the SS-ANA, which in turn outperforms the SS-CLM; and 3), overall, the SS-ANA performs better than the SS-CLM. The study also reveals that it is important to choose a proper size for the postprocessed ensembles in order to capture extreme precipitation events.
Modifications of Antiepileptic Drugs for Improved Tolerability and Efficacy
Authors: Landmark Cecilie Johannessen , Johannessen Svein I. 
Published: October 2017

Introduction A large number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are available today, but they may not be satisfactory regarding clinical efficacy, tolerance, toxicity or pharmacokinetic properties. The purpose of this review is to focus upon the rationale behind the chemical modifications of several recently marketed AEDs or drugs in development and to categorize them according to the main purposes for the improvements: better efficacy or tolerability accompanied by improved pharmacokinetic properties. Material and Method AEDs that have been chemically modified to new derivatives during the last years are reviewed based on recent publications and PubMed-searches. Results and Discussion Improvement in pharmacokinetic parameters may affect both tolerability and efficacy. Modifications to improve tolerability include various valproate analogues, divided into aliphatic amides, cyclic derivatives or amino acid conjugates. Furthermore, there are the carbamazepine analogues oxcarbazepine and eslicarbazepine, the felbamate analogues fluorofelbamate and carisbamate (RWJ 33369), and the lamotrigine analogue JZP-4. The levetiracetam analogues brivaracetam and seletracetam and the derivatives of gabapentin, pregabalin and XP13512, have improved selectivity compared to their parent compounds. Other new drugs have new mechanisms of action related to GABA and glutamate receptors; the glutamate antagonists like topiramate (talampanel and NS-1209), and GABAA receptor agonists, benzodiazepine or progesterone analogues (ELB-139 and ganaxolone). Conclusion Further challenges for development of new AEDs include investigations of target molecules affected by pathophysiological processes and detailed structure-activity relationships with focus on stereoselectivity. These potential drugs may become of importance in future drug therapy in epilepsy and other CNS disorders.
Radiological analysis of minimal safe distance and optimal screw angle to avoid facet violation in open-door laminoplasty using precontoured plate
Authors: Min Woo-Kie , Seo Il , Na Sang-Bong , Choi Young-Seo , Choi Ji-Yeon 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to present radiologic analysis of minimal safe distance (MSD) and optimal screw angle (OSA) that enables to fix screws in a lateral mass safely without facet joint violation in open-door laminoplasty using a plate. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of 22 patients (male: 17; female: 5), average age 62 years. Seventy-nine lateral mass screws were fixed among a total of 158 screws. MSD that doesn’t allow 5-mm screws to violate a facet joint was measured for C3–C7 and a comparative analysis was performed. If the MSD is not secured, the OSA to be given to the cephalad direction is calculated to avoid violation of the facet joint. Results: The screws violating inferior facet joints accounted for 34.1% of the screws fixed in inferior lateral mass. Joint surface to distal mini-screw distances were 3.18 ± 1.46 mm and 4.75 ± 1.71 mm in groups of facet joint violation and non-facet violation (FV), respectively ( p = 0.001). When 5-mm screws were inserted into a lateral mass, MSD was 4.39 ± 0.83 mm. The average MSD of C3, C4, and C5 was 4.05 ± 0.78 mm, 4.10 ± 0.70 mm, and 4.26 ± 0.74 mm, respectively. There was no significant differences among levels ( p > 0.05). The average MSD of C6 and C7 was 4.92 ± 0.81 mm and 4.80 ± 0.96 mm, respectively, showing significant differences from those of C3, C4, and C5 ( p < 0.05). If 6 mm of the MSD isn’t secured, OSA showed in the cephalad direction of 11.5° for 5 mm and 22° for 4 mm approximately. Conclusion: We suggest that mini-screw on lateral mass can be fixed safely without FV, if they are fixed at MSD of 6 mm from a joint surface. Facet joint violation doesn’t occur if an OSA is given in the cephalad direction in case of not enough MSD for mini-screws.
Endogenous fibrinolysis facilitates clot retraction in vivo
Authors: Samson Andre L. , Alwis Imala , Maclean Jessica A. A. , Priyananda Pramith , Hawkett Brian , Schoenwaelder Simone M. , Jackson Shaun P. 
Published: October 2017

Key Points
Localized vascular injury with thrombin microinjection produces a fibrin network that undergoes myosin IIa–dependent retraction in vivo. Using this model, we demonstrate that endogenous fibrinolysis promotes fibrin clot retraction.
EBV latent membrane protein 2A orchestrates p27kip1 degradation via Cks1 to accelerate MYC-driven lymphoma in mice
Authors: Fish Kamonwan , Sora Richard P. , Schaller Samantha J. , Longnecker Richard , Ikeda Masato 
Published: October 2017

Key PointsLMP2A enhances MYC expression, resulting in the rapid degradation of the p27kip1 tumor suppressor via Cks1, a member of the SCFSkp2 complex. Loss of Cks1 restores levels of the p27kip1 tumor suppressor and prolongs LMP2A-mediated lymphomagenesis.
Single-agent ibrutinib in relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: a phase 2 consortium trial
Authors: Bartlett Nancy L. , Costello Brian A. , LaPlant Betsy R. , Ansell Stephen M. , Kuruvilla John G. , Reeder Craig B. , Thye Lim S. , Anderson Daniel M. , Krysiak Kilannin , Ramirez Cody , Qi Jing , Siegel Barry A. , Griffith Malachi , Griffith Obi L. , Gomez Felicia , Fehniger Todd A. 
Published: October 2017

Key Points
Ibrutinib has modest activity in FL with low response rates in rituximab-refractory patients. CARD11 mutations predict for lack of response to ibrutinib.
Flat epithelial atypia: conservative management of patients without residual microcalcifications post-vacuum-assisted breast biopsy
Authors: Schiaffino Simone , Gristina Licia , Villa Alessandro , Tosto Simona , Monetti Francesco , Carli Franca , Calabrese Massimo 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To determine the malignancy rate (defined in this study as stability or absence of malignancy developed on close imaging follow-up post-biopsy) of conservative management in patients with a vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VAB) diagnosis of flat epithelial atypia (FEA), performed on single group of microcalcifications, completely removed during procedure.

Methods:
This is a retrospective, monocentric, observational study, approved by IRB. Inclusion criteria were: VAB performed on a single group of microcalcifications; the absence of residual calcifications post-VAB; diagnosis of isolated FEA as the most advanced proliferative lesion; radiological follow-up at least of 12 months. The personal history of breast cancer or other high-risk lesions was an exclusion criteria. The patients enrolled were conservatively managed, without surgical excision, through close follow-up: the first two mammographies performed with an interval of 6 months after biopsy, followed by annual mammographic and clinical checks.

Results:
48 consecutive patients were enrolled in the study, all females, with age range of 39–76 years (mean 53,3 years) and radiological follow-up range of 13–75 months (mean 41.5 months). All the lesions were classified as BI-RADS 4b. The diameter range of the group of calcifications was 3–10 mm (mean 5, 6 mm). In each patient, 7 to 15 samples (mean 11) were obtained. Among all the patients, there was only one case (2%) of new microcalcifications, developed in the same breast, 26 months after and 8 mm from the site of previous VAB, and interpreted as ADH at surgical excision. All the checks of the other patients were negative.

Conclusion:
Even with a limited follow-up, we found a malignancy rate lower than 2%, through a defined population. Further studies with bigger number of patients and extended follow-up are needed to reinforce this hypothesis.

Advances in knowledge:
Surgical excision may not be necessary in patients with VAB diagnosis of isolated FEA, without residual microcalcifications post-procedure and considered concordant with the mammographic presentation, considering the low rate of malignancy at subsequent follow-ups.
Derivation of a Clinical Model to Predict Unchanged Inpatient Echocardiograms
Authors: Gunderson Craig G. , Gromisch Elizabeth S. , Chang John J. , Malm Brian J. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDTransthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is one of the most commonly ordered tests in healthcare. Repeat TTE, defined as a TTE done within 1 year of a prior TTE, represents 24% to 42% of all studies. The purpose of this study was to derive a clinical prediction model to predict unchanged repeat TTE, with the goal of defining a subset of studies that are unnecessary.METHODSSingle‐center retrospective cohort study of all hospitalized patients who had a repeat TTE between October 1, 2013, and September 30, 2014.RESULTSTwo hundred eleven of 601 TTEs were repeat studies, of which 78 (37%) had major changes. Five variables were independent predictors of major new TTE changes, including history of intervening acute myocardial infarction, cardiothoracic surgery, major new electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, prior valve disease, and chronic kidney disease. Using the β‐coefficient for each of these variables, we defined a clinical prediction model that we named the CAVES score. The acronym CAVES stands for chronic kidney disease, acute myocardial infarction, valvular disease, ECG changes, and surgery (cardiac). The prevalence of major TTE change for the full cohort was 35%. For the group with a CAVES score of ‐1, that probability was only 5.6%; for the group with a score of 0, the probability was 17.7%; and for the group with a score ≥1, the probability was 55.3%. The bootstrap corrected C statistic for the model was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.72‐0.85), indicating good discrimination.CONCLUSIONSOverall, the CAVES score had good discrimination and calibration. If further validated, it may be useful to predict repeat TTEs that are unlikely to have major changes.
Does Pay Activism Pay Off for Shareholders? Shareholder Democracy and Its Discontents
Authors: Dasgupta Sudipto , Noe Thomas H. 
Published: October 2017

Typically, shareholders are not sure whether boards act in their interest or have been captured by management. They are also less well informed than boards about firm investment opportunities and operating conditions. We develop a model, consistent with these observations, in which discretionary compensation payments to managers might increase firm value or might simply enrich managers at the expense of shareholders. After observing the board’s compensation and investment policies, shareholders use Bayes’s rule to update the probability that the board is captured. Shareholders are “outraged” if this updated probability is sufficiently large. Outrage is costly for the board. Shareholder democracy, by enabling outrage to constrain board actions, typically lowers firm value relative to either governance regimes that insulate boards from shareholder outrage or regimes that ban discretionary compensation altogether. The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2854 . This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
College Students' Sexual Consent Communication And Perceptions of Sexual Double Standards: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Jozkowski Kristen N. , Marcantonio Tiffany L. , Hunt Mary E. 
Published: October 2017

CONTEXTAffirmative consent standards adopted by colleges and universities are meant to decrease miscommunication that may lead to sexual assault. However, they may not take into account sociocultural factors that influence consent. In particular, the role of gender norms needs to be better understood.METHODSIn‐depth interviews about college students’ sexual activity, including sexual consent communication, were conducted with 17 female and 13 male students at a large southern university during the spring 2013 semester. The interview protocol and analyses were guided by Carspecken's critical qualitative methodology, which seeks to understand both participants’ explicit statements and implied underlying meanings and values. Themes and subthemes were identified through inductive analyses.RESULTSTwo overarching themes emerged: Students perceived a sexual double standard, and males viewed obtaining sex as a conquest. Subthemes related to the first theme reflected endorsement of traditional views of women's sexuality (the notions that “good girls” do not have sex, that women should privilege men's sexual needs over their own and that women “owe” men sex once men have “worked” for it). Subthemes related to the second theme reflected males’ beliefs that sex is a commodity that pits women and men against one another, and that women can be “convinced” to have sex if they initially refuse.CONCLUSIONSCollege students’ consent communication may be influenced by gender norms that challenge assumptions of affirmative consent standards. Cultural shifts in students’ views of sexuality may be necessary for affirmative consent policies to be effective.
The multiple lives of permadeath: An introduction
Authors: Chang Alenda , Costantino Jesús , Soderman Braxton 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In the introduction to this special issue, the editors argue that permadeath games respond to the increasing prevalence of the social, ecological, psychological, and economic conditions of precarity. Permanent death, or permadeath, has experienced a renaissance of sorts with the release of games such as DayZ, Don’t Starve, XCOM: Enemy Unknown, One Chance and Minecraft. Permadeath games emphasize the precariousness of play by making defeat, failure, and death irrevocable, countering mainstream design paradigms that embrace infinite retries and the devaluation of death. Drawing on Judith Butler’s deployment of the term ‘precarity,’ the editors contend that permadeath’s resurgence is evidence of a growing awareness of the tenuousness of human existence, not only in economic terms, but also in terms that are moral and ecological. In other words, the recent rise in experiments with the mechanics of death might relate directly to contemporary issues such as anthropogenic climate change, neo-liberal economics and even the so-called death of the monolithic ‘gamer’ identity. Permadeath games are uniquely situated to voice the inherent precarity of what it means to live and play in the early twenty-first century.
Permalife: Video games and the queerness of living
Authors: Ruberg Bonnie 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The mechanic of ‘permadeath’ has recently garnered increased interest among video game players, designers and scholars. Yet it is equally critical, in talking about death in video games, to talk about life. Just as every video game systemises dying, it also systemises living. The social meaning contained within these systems can be termed the biopolitics and necropolitics of video games. Indeed, the renaissance of permadeath is occurring alongside the emergence of a second mechanic: permalife. In contrast to permadeath games, where players can die only once, permalife games make it impossible for players to die. While there are many video games that lack an official death state, permalife games set themselves apart by making the inability to die a central theme and/or core gameplay mechanic. In contrast to permadeath games, permalife games are primarily being designed by LGBTQ indie game-makers. It is no coincidence that queer designers are exploring biopolitical game systems structured around permalife. For queer subjects today, and particularly those operating within the reactionary vitriol of games culture, permanent living represents a particularly potent trope for expressing both hopes and concerns about existence in the face of an uncertain future. To demonstrate the varied expressions and meanings of permalife mechanics, this article looks at three works from the contemporary queer games avant-garde: Dietrich ‘Squinky’ Squinkifer’s Quing’s Quest VII: The Death of Videogames! (2014), Mattie Brice’s Mainichi (2012) and Anna Anthropy’s Queers in Love at the End of the World (2013). Together, these games demonstrate how permalife operates in a space of contradiction – between life and death, futurity and stagnation, optimism and resistance – that reflects the complexities and challenges of real LGBTQ lives. In this way, permalife creates space for alternative modes of living in video games, challenging teleological narratives of temporal and affective progress as articulated by queer theorists like Elizabeth Freeman and Sara Ahmed. Permalife, as seen through queer games, also stands as a challenge to look to interactive systems and not just character representation as important sites of identity, desire and political meaning in video games.
The Identification of Carotenoids and Testing of Carotenoid Antioxidants from Sand Lobster (Panulirus homarus) Egg Extract
Authors: Ngginak James , Mangibulude Jubhar C , Rondonuwu Ferdy S 
Published: October 2017

Sand lobsters (Panulirus homarus) are organisms that play an important role in supporting a society’s economy. Lobsters have a business appeal due to their high demand, enjoyable taste, as well as significant nutritional content. It is interesting that sand lobster eggs have a yellow orange color as an indicator of the presence of carotenoid content. Related with advancements in research and the utilization of carotenoids, this research identifies carotenoids and tests carotenoid antioxidants from sand lobster (Panulirus homarus) egg extract. In identifying carotenoids in sand lobster egg extract, HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) (shimadzu LC-10AD, Japan) is used. In testing carotenoid antioxidants from sand lobster eggs, a DPPH method is utilized. The identification results with HPLC reveal that the sample contains carotenoids. The kinds of carotenoids identified are dinoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, astaxanthin, and violaxanthin. Among the six kinds of carotenoids identified, lutein is the type of carotenoid that has the highest concentration. These carotenoid compounds are detected in wavelengths of 400-500 nm. The test results of antioxidant power reveal that to hamper free radicals (IC50), a sample concentration of 6675.25 µg.ml-1 is needed. The ability to hinder free radicals from a sample extract is mostly conducted by lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxantin. If seen from the analytical results, it can be surmised that sand lobster eggs contain carotenoids that can be used as a carotenoid source for humans. Keywords : Sand Lobster, HPLC, Carotenoids, DPPH, Antioxidant
Development and Use of a Small Laboratory Intensive Quenching (IQ) System
Authors: Albano Luigi L. M. , Misina Fernando S. , Canale Antonio C. , Totten George E. , Canale Lauralice C. F. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Intensive quenching (IQ) has been defined as “those quenching conditions that lead to uniform maximum surface compressive stresses,” which provide maximum surface compressive stresses with correspondingly optimized distortion control. An earlier paper described the design and construction of a laboratory system that provides sufficient heat transfer rates to be classified as an IQ system. This paper describes the experimental work conducted with this laboratory IQ system. Particular focus will be on construction and use of this laboratory device to quench SAE 5160 spring steel under IQ conditions and the corresponding cooling curves, heat transfer rates, and compressive stresses obtained.
Assessing the Role of Inhibition in Stabilizing Neocortical Networks Requires Large-Scale Perturbation of the Inhibitory Population
Authors: Sadeh Sadra , Silver R. Angus , Mrsic-Flogel Thomas D. , Muir Dylan Richard 
Published: October 2017

Neurons within cortical microcircuits are interconnected with recurrent excitatory synaptic connections that are thought to amplify signals (Douglas and Martin, 2007), form selective subnetworks (Ko et al., 2011), and aid feature discrimination. Strong inhibition (Haider et al., 2013) counterbalances excitation, enabling sensory features to be sharpened and represented by sparse codes (Willmore et al., 2011). This balance between excitation and inhibition makes it difficult to assess the strength, or gain, of recurrent excitatory connections within cortical networks, which is key to understanding their operational regime and the computations that they perform. Networks that combine an unstable high-gain excitatory population with stabilizing inhibitory feedback are known as inhibition-stabilized networks (ISNs) (Tsodyks et al., 1997). Theoretical studies using reduced network models predict that ISNs produce paradoxical responses to perturbation, but experimental perturbations failed to find evidence for ISNs in cortex (Atallah et al., 2012). Here, we reexamined this question by investigating how cortical network models consisting of many neurons behave after perturbations and found that results obtained from reduced network models fail to predict responses to perturbations in more realistic networks. Our models predict that a large proportion of the inhibitory network must be perturbed to reliably detect an ISN regime robustly in cortex. We propose that wide-field optogenetic suppression of inhibition under promoters targeting a large fraction of inhibitory neurons may provide a perturbation of sufficient strength to reveal the operating regime of cortex. Our results suggest that detailed computational models of optogenetic perturbations are necessary to interpret the results of experimental paradigms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMany useful computational mechanisms proposed for cortex require local excitatory recurrence to be very strong, such that local inhibitory feedback is necessary to avoid epileptiform runaway activity (an “inhibition-stabilized network” or “ISN” regime). However, recent experimental results suggest that this regime may not exist in cortex. We simulated activity perturbations in cortical networks of increasing realism and found that, to detect ISN-like properties in cortex, large proportions of the inhibitory population must be perturbed. Current experimental methods for inhibitory perturbation are unlikely to satisfy this requirement, implying that existing experimental observations are inconclusive about the computational regime of cortex. Our results suggest that new experimental designs targeting a majority of inhibitory neurons may be able to resolve this question.