bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The scaling relationship between baryonic mass and stellar disc size in morphologically late-type galaxies
Authors: Wu (吳柏鋒) Po-Feng 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Here I report the scaling relationship between the baryonic mass and scale-length of stellar discs for ∼1000 morphologically late-type galaxies. The baryonic mass–size relationship is a single power law $R_\ast \propto M_{\rm b}^{0.38}$ across ∼3 orders of magnitude in baryonic mass. The scatter in size at fixed baryonic mass is nearly constant and there are no outliers. The baryonic mass–size relationship provides a more fundamental description of the structure of the disc than the stellar mass–size relationship. The slope and the scatter of the stellar mass–size relationship can be understood in the context of the baryonic mass–size relationship. For gas-rich galaxies, the stars are no longer a good tracer for the baryons. High-baryonic-mass, gas-rich galaxies appear to be much larger at fixed stellar mass because most of the baryonic content is gas. The stellar mass–size relationship thus deviates from the power-law baryonic relationship, and the scatter increases at the low-stellar-mass end. These extremely gas-rich low-mass galaxies can be classified as ultra-diffuse galaxies based on the structure.
Early incidence of glucocorticoid-induced diabetes in patients with brain tumors: a retrospective study of the first 7 days of treatment
Authors: Schultz Helga , Rasmussen Birthe Krogh , Kristensen Peter Lommer , Jensen Andreas Kryger , Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
Hyperglycemia or diabetes is a well-known side effect of treatment with glucocorticoids. In patients with brain tumors, glucocorticoids are widely used to treat symptoms of peritumoral edema. We conducted a retrospective study of patients with suspected brain tumor to determine the incidence of and risk factors for glucocorticoid-induced diabetes.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of patients referred with suspected brain tumor to a neurological department, using data from a clinical database, electronic medical records, the laboratory system, and the pathology information bank. . Nondiabetic patients with a neuroimaging-verified brain tumor treated with high-dose glucocorticoid and monitored with glucose measurements were included in the study.

Results
Among 809 patients referred with suspected brain tumor, 171 were eligible for the study. Thirty-eight (22%) patients developed glucocorticoid-induced diabetes, defined as 2 glucose measurements ≥200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) within the first week of treatment, and 4 of the patients were treated with insulin. The majority of patients with glucocorticoid-induced diabetes were identified on days 2, 3, and 4, and glucose levels were highest in the afternoon and evening. We were not able to identify any risk factors for glucocorticoid-induced diabetes and glucocorticoid-induced diabetes had no influence on survival in our cohort.

Conclusions
Glucocorticoid-induced diabetes is frequent in the first 7 days of treatment in patients with brain tumors. The results emphasize the need for screening for glucocorticoid-induced diabetes in this group of patients to avoid comorbidity expected to arise from hyperglycemia.
Madeleine and Catherine Des Roches
Authors: Tarte Kendall 
Published: October 2017

Madeleine Neveu (b. c. 1520–d. 1587) and Catherine Fradonnet (b. 1542–d. 1587), the mother-daughter pair known as the “Dames Des Roches,” were prolific writers and the celebrated hosts of a humanist salon in their hometown of Poitiers, France. Catherine was the only surviving child of Madeleine, who took responsibility for her daughter’s education. Catherine famously refused to marry, and the two lived on their own after the death of Madeleine’s second husband in 1578. That same year they published their first collection of poetry and prose, Les Œuvres de Mes-Dames Des Roches. Their use of a surname based on landholdings, rather than the name of a husband or father, gave the women a means to affirm their mother-daughter bond on the title pages of their works. The name “Des Roches” (“of the rocks”) also offered rich topographical associations that the two women and their contemporaries exploited in their writings. By the time special court sessions, the Grands Jours, brought Parisian legists to Poitiers in 1579, the Des Roches were well known. Étienne Pasquier’s visit, and his conversation with Catherine during which he claimed to see a flea on her breast, led to a salon game in which many male participants wrote jocular verse in the blason tradition. Catherine’s flea poem is a nimble refutation of the corporeal, often bawdy subtext of the male-authored poems. The collected texts—primarily in French and Latin—were published as La Puce de Madame Des-Roches in 1582–1583. Madeleine and Catherine Des Roches jointly published two more collections, Les Secondes œuvres (1583) and Les Missives (1586). Their first and third collections were published by Abel L’Angelier in Paris, an association that brought their works to a wider audience. The Des Roches treat themes common to Renaissance women’s writing, such as female education and the life of the mind, and they address poems to their salon contemporaries and to members of the French court. Madeleine’s poetry bears witness to her personal difficulties; she also engages with local events of the Wars of Religion. Catherine’s writing is more abundant and varied; it includes poetry, prose dialogues, and verse translations and adaptations of classical and biblical texts. The Des Roches were the first French women to publish their private letters. Their contemporaries often remarked on the strong bond between the mother and daughter, and eulogized them after their death of the plague in 1587—which apparently occurred, appropriately and poetically, on the same day.
Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity
Authors: Colby Rebecca , Geyer Holly 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Amiodarone is widely used to prevent ventricular and supraventricular dysrhythmias but has a number of toxicities. One of the most devastating adverse reactions to this drug is pulmonary toxicity, which can present in a myriad of different ways. Toxicity is difficult to diagnose because many of its features also are seen in nontoxic patients. This article reviews the pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity.
Synthetic cannabinoids
Authors: Freund Shaina A. , Banning Adrian S. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Synthetic marijuana use is an emerging public health problem in the United States, and can cause agitation, severe psychosis, bizarre hallucinations, and possibly death. This article describes these products, which are unregulated and can vary widely in composition, and how clinicians can recognize patients with synthetic cannabinoid toxicity and treat them appropriately to minimize morbidity and mortality.
A Randomized Cohort Study of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Thresholds in Medical Student Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Stojan Jennifer N. , Daniel Michelle , Morgan Helen K. , Whitman Laurie , Gruppen Larry D. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Learning to make decisions under uncertain conditions is a critical component of diagnostic and therapeutic reasoning. This study sought to determine treatment decisions medical students make when presented with different thresholds of diagnostic uncertainty and whether they appropriately adjust diagnostic probabilities with test information.

Method
Two classes (2015, 2016) of fourth-year students (N = 342) were presented a patient with viral pneumonia and given 10%, 20%, or 50% pretest probabilities of that patient having a superimposed bacterial infection. Students decided to not treat, order a diagnostic test to guide management, or treat without testing based on these probabilities. The 2015 class was provided a posttest probability of 10% or 50% and asked to adjust their initial treatment decision.

Results
When given a low (10%) pretest probability, students were less likely to decide to treat (6%) and more likely to decide not to treat (36%). The percentage of students deciding to treat increased as the pretest probability of a superimposed infection increased from 10% to 50%, while the percentage of students not wanting to treat decreased. Interestingly, at 10%, 20%, and 50% pretest probability levels, most students were unable to decide and chose to order another test (57%, 67%, and 64%, respectively). When provided low and high posttest probabilities, students appropriately adjusted their decision making, but 29% to 32% still wanted additional testing.

Conclusions
Students adjusted treatment decisions to reflect different levels of diagnostic uncertainty, but varied considerably in their individual thresholds to make decisions, possibly contributing to unnecessary testing.
“You Have to Know the End of the Story”: Motivations to Follow Up After Transitions of Clinical Responsibility
Authors: Bowen Judith L. , Ilgen Jonathan S. , Irby David M. , ten Cate Olle , O’Brien Bridget C. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Physicians routinely transition responsibility for patient care to other physicians. When transitions of responsibility occur before the clinical outcome is known, physicians may lose opportunities to learn from the consequences of their decision making. Sometimes curiosity about patients does not end with the transition and physicians continue to follow them. This study explores physicians’ motivations to follow up after transitioning responsibilities.

Method
Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, the authors conducted 18 semistructured interviews in 2016 with internal medicine hospitalist and resident physicians at a single tertiary care academic medical center. Constant comparative methods guided the qualitative analysis, using motivation theories as sensitizing constructs.

Results
The authors identified themes that characterized participants’ motivations to follow up. Curiosity about patients’ outcomes determined whether or not follow-up occurred. Insufficient curiosity about predictable clinical problems resulted in the choice to forgo follow-up. Sufficient curiosity due to clinical uncertainty, personal attachment to patients, and/or concern for patient vulnerability motivated follow-up to fulfill goals of knowledge building and professionalism. The authors interpret these findings through the lenses of expectancy-value (EVT) and self-determination (SDT) theories of motivation.

Conclusions
Participants’ curiosity about what happened to their patients motivated them to follow up. EVT may explain how participants made choices in time-pressured work settings. SDT may help interpret how follow-up fulfills needs of relatedness. These findings add to a growing body of literature endorsing learning environments that consider task-value trade-offs and support basic psychological needs of autonomy, competency, and relatedness to motivate learning.
Broadening the Scope of Feedback to Promote Its Relevance to Workplace Learning
Authors: van der Leeuw Renée M. , Teunissen Pim W. , van der Vleuten Cees P.M. 
Published: October 2017

The common goal in medical education is to support the health care workforce, both present and future, in becoming and remaining competent professionals. Both during and after medical training, learning takes place in the clinical workplace. Yet, how feedback is defined in medical education and how it is practiced in clinical training situations, combined with a research focus on “what works,” limits its potential for learning. This article explores the theoretical background of learning in interaction and current trends in medical education to broaden the scope of feedback and promote its relevance to workplace learning.
A new, wider perspective is outlined in which feedback could be redefined as “performance-relevant information” (PRI). PRI can incorporate all information that is deemed relevant to the learner, drawn from interaction in workplace learning and one’s interpretation of performance in the clinical workplace. This information can, for example, come from the evaluation of patient outcomes after treatment; observations of role models’ performance; evaluations and assessments; exploring feelings of failure or success; and responses of colleagues and peers.
PRI draws attention to learning opportunities that better fit the highly social learning of clinical workplaces and current trends in medical education. It supports the interpretation of individual or team performance in terms of relevance to learning. This allows for a comprehensive way of viewing and stimulating workplace learning and the performance of professionals, providing an opportunity to create lifelong learning strategies and potentially improving the care of patients.
Race/Ethnicity and Success in Academic Medicine: Findings From a Longitudinal Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Kaplan Samantha E. , Raj Anita , Carr Phyllis L. , Terrin Norma , Breeze Janis L. , Freund Karen M. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
To understand differences in productivity, advancement, retention, satisfaction, and compensation comparing underrepresented medical (URM) faculty with other faculty at multiple institutions.

Method
A 17-year follow-up was conducted of the National Faculty Survey, a random sample from 24 U.S. medical schools, oversampled for URM faculty. The authors examined academic productivity, advancement, retention, satisfaction, and compensation, comparing white, URM, and non-URM faculty. Retention, productivity, and advancement data were obtained from public sources for nonrespondents. Covariates included gender, specialty, time distribution, and years in academia. Negative binomial regression was used for count data, logistic regression for binary outcomes, and linear regression for continuous outcomes.

Results
In productivity analyses, advancement, and retention, 1,270 participants were included; 604 participants responded to the compensation and satisfaction survey. Response rates were lower for African American (26%) and Hispanic faculty (39%) than white faculty (52%, P < .0001). URM faculty had lower rates of peer-reviewed publications (relative number 0.64; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.79), promotion to professor (OR = 0.53; CI: 0.30, 0.93), and retention in academic medicine (OR = 0.49; CI: 0.32, 0.75). No differences were identified in federal grant acquisition, senior leadership roles, career satisfaction, or compensation between URM and white faculty.

Conclusions
URM and white faculty had similar career satisfaction, grant support, leadership, and compensation; URM faculty had fewer publications and were less likely to be promoted and retained in academic careers. Successful retention of URM faculty requires comprehensive institutional commitment to changing the academic climate and deliberative programming to support productivity and advancement.
New Grading System for Limbal Dermoid: A Retrospective Analysis of 261 Cases Over a 10-Year Period
Authors: Zhong Jing , Deng Yuqing , Zhang Ping , Li Saiqun , Huang Haixiang , Wang Bowen , Zhang Henan , Peng Lulu , Yang Ruhui , Xu Jiangang , Yuan Jin 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
To establish a new scoring system for limbal dermoid, in order to unify the diagnostic criteria and assess the prognosis.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on 261 patients with limbal dermoid. The basic information, clinical features, and pathology of dermoids were recorded, and the prognosis at 1 year after keratoplasty was assessed at follow-up. A new visual scoring system was created for the area of corneal involvement, the area of conjunctival involvement, and the surface shape.

Results:
There were 154 females and 107 males with mean age of 4 ± 3 years at surgery. After scoring, 59% (136) of patients were classified as grade I, 26% (60) as grade II, and 14% (33) as grade III. The pathological results were 124 dermoid cases, 76 lipodermoid, 5 complex choristoma, and 10 epibulbar osseous choristoma. Moreover, patients with lower clinical scores presented a better prognosis; the mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity in grade I patients was 0.38 ± 0.05, which was better than the grade II value of 0.61 ± 0.09 (P < 0.05) and the grade III value of 0.94 ± 0.11 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
New grading systems for limbal dermoid were useful for clinical diagnosis and may have prognostic value in predicting visual acuity. A lower-grade dermoid exhibited better vision postoperatively.
Bone-conducted Vestibular-evoked Myogenic Potentials Before and After Stapes Surgery
Authors: Akazawa Kazuyuki , Ohta Shigeto , Tsuzuki Kenzo , Sakagami Masafumi 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To identify whether stapes surgery causes otolith dysfunction using bone-conducted vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs).

Study Design:
Prospective study.

Setting:
Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital.

Patients:
Twenty primary ears (19 otosclerosis, 1 congenital stapes fixation) in 17 patients (2 men, 15 women; mean age 51 yr, range 20–68 yr) who had normal cervical VEMP (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) results with bone-conducted stimulation were included.

Intervention:
Stapes surgery.

Main Outcome Measure:
Both VEMP tests with bone-conducted stimulation were performed before and after stapes surgery. The normalized p13-n23 amplitude of cVEMPs and the nI-pI amplitude of oVEMPs were measured within 3 months after stapes surgery. Then, the asymmetry ratio (AR) was calculated to examine the effect of surgery on otolith function.

Results:
Seven patients complained of temporary dizziness postoperatively, but their symptoms disappeared within approximately a week. Deterioration of VEMPs of the operated ear was not seen in any ears. Significantly greater amplitude compared with the opposite ear was found for cVEMP in one ear and oVEMP in two ears after the surgery. Their VEMP results recovered to the normal range at 6 months postoperatively.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that stapes surgery causes no or undetectably small otolith dysfunction from the perspective of VEMP evaluation.
Gut colonization with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae may increase disease activity in biologic-naive outpatients with ulcerative colitis: an interim analysis
Authors: Skuja Vita , Derovs Aleksejs , Pekarska Katrina , Rudzite Dace , Lavrinovica Elvira , Piekuse Linda , Kempa Inga , Straume Zane , Eglite Jelena , Lejnieks Aivars , Krumina Angelika , Eliakim Rami 
Published: October 2017

Background
Certain Enterobacteriaceae strains have been associated with the development of ulcerative colitis (UC). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are the most commonly found multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria colonizing the gut in UC patients and might trigger a more severe disease activity in UC patients.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether disease activity is higher in UC patients with gut colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional, pilot study was carried out in a tertiary medical center in Latvia. Demographic data were collected; UC disease activity and extent were evaluated according to the full Mayo score, Montreal classification, and adapted Truelove and Witt’s index. Rectal swabs with fecal biomaterial were collected, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were isolated, and bacterial plasmid genes responsible for ESBL production, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV, were detected. UC disease activity was compared in patients with and without gut colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.

Results
A total of 65 patients with UC were included in the initial analysis. Gut colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was found in seven (11%) patients – mostly Escherichia coli [5 (71%)] containing the blaCTX-M bacterial plasmid gene. Patients with gut colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae had more severe disease compared with patients without gut colonization according to the full Mayo score (5.86 vs. 3.40; P=0.015), Montreal classification (moderate disease vs. clinical remission; P=0.031), and adapted Truelove and Witt’s index (moderate disease vs. mild disease; P=0.008).

Conclusion
Gut colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae may increase UC disease activity. Further research is needed to analyze the possible confounding factors that could contribute toward this outcome.
Prevalence, incidence, and autoimmune comorbidities of celiac disease: a nation-wide, population-based study in Denmark from 1977 to 2016
Authors: Grode Louise , Bech Bodil H. , Jensen Thomas M. , Humaidan Peter , Agerholm Inge E. , Plana-Ripoll Oleguer , Ramlau-Hansen Cecilia H. 
Published: October 2017

Aim
The aim of this study was to describe and identify potential trends with respect to prevalence, incidence, age, sex, and autoimmune comorbidity of celiac disease (CD).

Patients and methods
A Danish nationwide cohort study of CD using data from The National Patient Register. Patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis code of CD during the period 1977 to 2016 were identified. Information on sex, date of birth, death, or immigration was obtained from the Danish Civil Registration System, and autoimmune comorbidities were identified in the Danish National Patient Register. The CD cohort was compared with the general Danish population using a control cohort and aggregated data obtained from Statistics Denmark.

Results
The CD cohort consisted of 11 802 (65% women) patients. The median age at diagnosis of CD varied between 30 years in 1980–1984 and 45 years in 1995–1999 and 27 years in 2015–2016. The prevalence of CD in 1986 and 2016 was 14 and 180 per 100 000 persons, respectively, with a female/male ratio changing from 1.3 to 2.0. Incidence rates (per 100 000 person-years) changed from 1.6 in 1980–1984 to 15.2 in 2015–2016, with the largest increase among females aged 0–9 years. In 2016, prevalence of autoimmune comorbidities was 16.4% among the CD patients compared with 5.3% in the general population.

Conclusion
The prevalence of diagnosed CD has doubled every decade in Denmark from 1986 to 2016, and in the same period the female/male ratio has increased and the median age at diagnosis has decreased. The prevalence of autoimmune comorbidity in 2016 was three times higher among CD patients compared with the general Danish population.