bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a multiprobe electrical resistivity tomography prototype system and robust underground clustering
Authors: Kutbay Uğurhan , Hardalaç Fırat 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study reports a 24‐probe electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) prototype system and its empirical evaluation in a case study setting. The system was designed using the Wenner soil resistivity measurement method. The performance and outputs of the approach and the developed prototype system were assessed and approved by the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration of Turkey. This study is also supported by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology through the project “Distinguishing of Metallic Targets (code number is 1064.STZ.2011‐2).” The state of the art of this study is multiprobe ERT, which has a touchscreen for ease of use and improved measurement accuracy for minimizing RMS (root mean square) error using a 16‐bit ADC. Similar to other ERT systems, the prototype system that we have developed allows the user to change the current and probe interval via the touchscreen user interface. In addition to this system, a new fuzzy clustering algorithm named robust colored image fuzzy C‐mean was developed in this study. The robust colored image fuzzy C‐mean performs underground clustering in RGB colors, which provides improved clustering results compared to those of the conventional fuzzy C‐mean clustering algorithm.
Seasonality, species richness and poor dispersion mediate intraspecific trait variability in stonefly community responses along an elevational gradient
Authors: Garcia‐Raventós Aina , Viza Aida , Tierno de Figueroa José M. , Riera Joan L. , Múrria Cesc 
Published: March 2017

Summary

Across environmental gradients, some functional strategies are favoured over others resulting in differences in local species composition and distribution of any given functional trait. This generates among‐Species Trait Variability (STV) across the gradient (reflecting species turnover), as well as spatial Intraspecific Trait Variability (ITV), which together contribute to Community Trait Variability (CTV). Understanding functional trait responses of freshwater biota is critical for elucidating the mechanisms that operate during community assembly and addressing community level responses to climate warming.

In freshwater insects, temperature and ecological conditions regulate growth rates. Here, we examined size‐related trait variability components of short‐dispersing stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) within and among multispecies stonefly assemblages (henceforth referred to as communities), located along an elevational gradient in Sierra Nevada (Spain) to assess the components of trait‐elevation matching (STV, ITV, CTV).

Relative to downstream reaches, headwaters hypothetically show greater internal physical habitat heterogeneity (large exposed rocks, tree roots, woody debris) and greater local species richness of cool‐water adapted stoneflies. As a result, we expected CTV to increase with elevation, with a higher contribution of STV than ITV in upper reaches due to higher species richness and trait divergence among them. In contrast, the pattern of ITV should vary depending on whether the main driver across elevation is species richness (decrease due to niche partitioning) or ecological conditions (increase associated to physical habitat heterogeneity).

Eleven streams were sampled every 2 weeks over 1 year and five size‐related traits were measured on 6,893 individuals belonging to 16 species. Overall, STV made a much larger contribution to CTV than ITV, which only became an important contributor in species‐poor assemblages, especially in winter and autumn. Within each season, the trait‐elevation matching was weak. Functional species‐specific responses to the elevational gradient most often did not mirror the response of the entire communities, since highly variable (and even opposed or discontinuous) contributions to ITV were found across species.

Overall, ITV contributed little to trait‐elevation matching, which suggests high vulnerability of short‐dispersing stoneflies to habitat shifting associated to future climate warming due to limited phenotypic plasticity. Moreover, varying functional trait patterns across species emphasise species‐specific responses to climate change as opposed to a unique whole community response. However, further trait‐based macroecological studies across freshwater macroinvertebrates lineages are needed to compare patterns and establish generalisations.
A New Appraisal of Sri Lankan BB Zircon as a Reference Material for LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb Geochronology and Lu‐Hf Isotope Tracing
Authors: Santos Maristella M. , Lana Cristiano , Scholz Ricardo , Buick Ian , Schmitz Mark D. , Kamo Sandra L. , Gerdes Axel , Corfu Fernando , Tapster Simon , Lancaster Penelope , Storey Craig D. , Basei Miguel A.S. , Tohver Eric , Alkmim Ana , Nalini Herminio , Krambrock Klaus , Fantini Cristiano , Wiedenbeck Michael 
Published: March 2017

A potential zircon reference material (BB zircon) for laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) U‐Pb geochronology and Hf isotope geochemistry is described. A batch of twenty zircon megacrysts (0.5–1.5 cm3) from Sri Lanka was studied. Within‐grain rare earth element (REE) compositions are largely homogeneous, albeit with some variation seen between fractured and homogeneous domains. Excluding fractured cathodoluminescence bright domains, the variation in U content for all analysed crystals ranged from 227 to 368 μg g−1 and the average Th/U ratios were between 0.20 and 0.47. The Hf isotope composition (0.56–0.84 g/100 g Hf) is homogeneous within and between the grains – mean 176Hf/177Hf of 0.281674 ± 0.000018 (2s). The calculated alpha dose of 0.59 × 1018 g−1 for a number of BB grains falls within the trend of previously studied, untreated zircon samples from Sri Lanka. Aliquots of the same crystal (analysed by ID‐TIMS in four different laboratories) gave consistent U‐Pb ages with excellent measurement reproducibility (0.1–0.4% RSD). Interlaboratory assessment (by LA‐ICP‐MS) from individual crystals returned results that are within uncertainty equivalent to the TIMS ages. Finally, we report on within‐ and between‐grain homogeneity of the oxygen isotope systematic of four BB crystals (13.16‰ VSMOW).
Predictors of post‐hospitalization recovery of renal function among patients with acute kidney injury requiring dialysis
Authors: Pajewski Russell , Gipson Patrick , Heung Michael 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis complicates 1% of all hospital admissions, and up to 30% of survivors will still require dialysis at hospital discharge. There is a paucity of data to describe the postdischarge outcomes or to guide evidence‐based dialysis management of this vulnerable population.Methods: Single‐center, retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive patients with AKI who survived to hospital discharge and required outpatient dialysis. Data collection included baseline characteristics, hospitalization characteristics, and outpatient dialysis treatment variables. Primary outcome was dialysis independence 90 days after discharge.Findings: Overall, 43% of patients recovered adequate renal function to discontinue dialysis, with the majority recovering within 30 days post discharge. Worse baseline renal function was associated with lower likelihood of renal recovery. In the first week postdischarge, patients with subsequent nonrecovery of renal function had greater net fluid removal (5.3 vs. 4.1 L, P = 0.037), higher ultrafiltration rates (6.0 vs. 4.7 mL/kg/h, P = 0.041) and more frequent intradialytic hypotension (24.6% vs. 9.3% with 3 or more episodes, P = 0.049) compared to patients that later recovered.Discussion: A significant proportion of AKI survivors will recover renal function following discharge. Outpatient intradialytic factors may influence subsequent renal function recovery.
Tension‐Type Headache – The Normal and Most Prevalent Headache
Authors: Jensen Rigmor Højland 
Published: March 2017

PremiseTension‐type headache (TTH) is the most prevalent form of primary headache in the general population but paradoxically the least studied headache.ProblemIn this article, the epidemiology and diagnostic challenges of TTH are presented and discussed. The typical features and differential diagnosis of TTH are highlighted and the situations more likely to raise doubts are discussed.Potential SolutionA structured approach to the patient and a better comprehension of the very frequent coexistence of migraine and medication overuse headache in the clinical population are emphasized. According to the IHS classification, several diagnoses should be applied but still some clinicians prefer to apply a single combined diagnosis in the severely affected patients, namely chronic migraine. Such uneven practice may complicate the diagnostic comparability and the entire management of TTH. The present treatment strategies for TTH are summarized and hopefully an increased awareness of TTH can translate into better quality of care and a more specific diagnosis and treatment for the numerous TTH sufferers.
Health care provider communication training in rural Tanzania empowers HIV‐infected patients on antiretroviral therapy to discuss adherence problems
Authors: Erb S , Letang E , Glass TR , Natamatungiro A , Mnzava D , Mapesi H , Haschke M , Duthaler U , Berger B , Muri L , Bader J , Marzolini C , Elzi L , Klimkait T , Langewitz W , Battegay M ,   the Kilombero Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort (KIULARCO) study group
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesSelf‐reported adherence assessment in HIV‐infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is challenging and may overestimate adherence. The aim of this study was to improve the ability of health care providers to elicit patients’ reports of nonadherence using a “patient‐centred” approach in a rural sub‐Saharan African setting.MethodsA prospective interventional cohort study of HIV‐infected patients on ART for ≥ 6 months attending an HIV clinic in rural Tanzania was carried out. The intervention consisted of a 2‐day workshop for health care providers on patient‐centred communication and the provision of an adherence assessment checklist for use in the consultations. Patients’ self‐reports of nonadherence (≥ 1 missed ART dose/4 weeks), subtherapeutic plasma ART concentrations (< 2.5th percentile of published population‐based pharmacokinetic models), and virological and immunological failure according to the World Health Organization definition were assessed before and after (1–3 and 6–9 months after) the intervention.ResultsBefore the intervention, only 3.3% of 299 patients included in the study reported nonadherence. Subtherapeutic plasma ART drug concentrations and virological and immunological failure were recorded in 6.5%, 7.7% and 14.5% of the patients, respectively. Two months after the intervention, health care providers detected significantly more patients reporting nonadherence compared with baseline (10.7 vs. 3.3%, respectively; P < 0.001), decreasing to 5.7% after 6–9 months. A time trend towards higher drug concentrations was observed for efavirenz but not for other drugs. The virological failure rate remained unchanged whereas the immunological failure rate decreased from 14.4 to 8.7% at the last visit (P = 0.002).ConclusionsPatient‐centred communication can successfully be implemented with a simple intervention in rural Africa. It increases the likelihood of HIV‐infected patients reporting problems with adherence to ART; however, sustainability remains a challenge.
Daily salt intake is an independent risk factor for pollakiuria and nocturia
Authors: Matsuo Tomohiro , Miyata Yasuyoshi , Sakai Hideki 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo clarify the relationships between daily salt intake and lower urinary tract symptoms.MethodsA cross‐sectional clinical study was carried out with 728 patients. Spot urine samples were collected to evaluate estimated daily salt intake. The patients were divided into two groups based on mean salt intake (9.2 g/day). Their urinary condition was evaluated using the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms score and 3‐day frequency volume charts. The influence of salt intake on lower urinary tract symptoms was investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsDaytime frequency (Q1) and nocturia (Q2) in the high salt intake group (H‐salt group) were higher compared with those in the low salt intake group (L‐salt group); P < 0.001). The quality of life scores and nocturnal polyuria index in the H‐salt group were worse than those in the L‐salt group (P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed daily salt intake is an independent worsening factor for high daytime frequency (odds ratio 2.32, 95% confidential interval 1.66–3.25, P < 0.001) and nocturia (odds ratio 3.05, 95% confidential interval 2.08–4.52, P < 0.001). Similarly, hypertension was identified as the independent variable for these symptoms. A limitation of the present study was that we recruited only patients with mild or no comorbidity.ConclusionsExcessive daily salt intake negatively affects pollakiuria and nocturia. The presence of hypertension can also represent a worsening factor for these symptoms. Although not shown by prospective study, the appropriate control of salt intake and blood pressure might be important for the treatment of pollakiuria and nocturia.
Interculturalism in Times of Crisis
Authors: Bello Valeria , Bloom Tendayi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article locates the discussion of this Special Section within the wider analysis of Interculturalism and intercultural dialogue as a new way of framing dynamic inter‐ethnic and broader community relations, and considering how perceived and real crisis affects both states’ and societys’ understandings of ethnicity, culture and diversity. Taking cases from Catalonia, Spain, the European Union, this Special Section's multi‐level approach illustrates how intercultural dialogue can be developed at the sub‐State, State, Region and international levels. By surveying the articles in the Special Section, this introduction critiques the Interculturalism framework and develops it. Crucially, drawing out insights from across these different types of groupings and from theorists offering a range of perspectives, this collection is able to offer new insights on Interculturalism, its relations with Multiculturalism, and forms of intercultural dialogue.
Toward a multi‐ethnic public sphere? Media consumption in highly diverse districts in Spain
Authors: Lobera Josep , Arco Víctor , Giménez Carlos 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article examines media consumption in highly diverse districts in Spain as representative of recent changes in this field due to new immigration to countries in Southern Europe in times of crisis. Drawing on findings from two surveys, we observed a decrease in access to media specifically aimed at audiences of minority cultures between 2010 and 2012. It is suggested that this decline is not due to a modification in media consumption habits by minority groups, but rather the economic crisis of 2008. Furthermore, we study the consumption of minority media by natives: we observe that youth and more educated individuals consume other cultures’ minority media to a greater extent, particularly the press, radio, and Internet news sources. We suggest that elements are present that public administrations could utilize to further develop a multi‐ethnic public sphere. Finally, we explore the emergence of a newtransnationaldimension to the multi‐ethnic public sphere.
Does The Legalization of Undocumented Immigrants in the US Encourage Unauthorized Immigration from Mexico? An Empirical Analysis of the Moral Hazard of Legalization
Authors: Wong Tom K. , Kosnac Hillary 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDoes the prospect of a legalization programme in the US increase unauthorized immigration from Mexico? The logic of the moral hazard of legalization suggests that providing lawful status to undocumented immigrants has the unintended effect of incentivizing further unauthorized immigration. However, we argue and show that concerns about the moral hazard of legalization may be overstated. We conceptualize our argument using two distinct temporal dimensions: a concurrent dimension and a prospective one. Our analysis of the 2007 Mexican Migration Field Research Program (MMFRP) survey provides evidence supporting our arguments. The data show that knowledge regarding a prospective legalization programme in the US does not increase the intent to migrate among prospective migrants. Our results hold when accounting for a range of potential confounding factors, across several multivariate model specifications, and also when analysing comparable respondents who are matched using propensity score matching (PSM) techniques.
Despite the crisis: The resilience of intercultural nationalism in Catalonia
Authors: Conversi Daniele , Jeram Sanjay 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInterculturalism provides the core framework for immigration‐related policies in Catalonia, while remaining deeply intertwined with Catalan nationalism. We first identify ‘intercultural nationalism’ as the core doctrine through which Catalan nationalist discourse has been articulated in relation to immigration. We trace interculturalism's origins to nationalism in Quebec and argue that, in Catalonia also, regional immigration policies have been constructed in opposition to those of the central state, while attempting to involve immigrants closely in subnational belonging and social cohesion. Second, we investigate whether interculturalism is durable during economic and political crises, arguing that intercultural policies did not change following the economic recession of the 2010s. This harmonises with broader interpretations that de‐emphasise the role of economic factors in ethnic conflicts. In conclusion we note how the continuing resilience of interculturalism in Catalan policies on immigration contrasts sharply with the rise of xenophobia elsewhere.
Cultural competence among nursing students in Saudi Arabia: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cruz J.P. , Alquwez N. , Cruz C.P. , Felicilda‐Reynaldo R.F.D. , Vitorino L.M. , Islam S.M.S. 
Published: March 2017

AimThis study assessed the cultural competence of nursing students in a Saudi University.BackgroundWith the current situation of immigration in Saudi Arabia, the cultural diversity in healthcare facilities is anticipated to grow. This presents a great challenge to the members of the healthcare team.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 272 nursing students in a Saudi university using a self‐administered questionnaire consisting of two parts, namely the respondents’ demographics and cultural background information sheet and the Cultural Capacity Scale Arabic version.ResultsThe respondents showed the highest competence in their ability to demonstrate communication skills with culturally diverse patients and lowest in the familiarity with health‐ or illness‐related cultural knowledge or theory. Gender, academic level, clinical exposure, prior diversity training, the experience of taking care of culturally diverse patients and patients belonging to special population groups were significant factors that could likely to influence cultural competence.DiscussionThe findings suggest that the Saudi nursing students possess the ability to provide culturally appropriate nursing care to patients with a diverse cultural background.ConclusionsDespite the good cultural competence reflected in this study, some aspects in ensuring a culturally competent care rendered by Saudi nursing students need to be improved.Implications for nursing & health policyWith the country's Saudization policy in health care (replacing foreign nurses with Saudi nurses), the findings can be used in designing training and interventions to meet the needs of Saudi nursing students regarding cultural competence development, which is integral in their preparation to assume their future roles as nurses. Policy guidelines, such as including cultural competency training and foreign languages training as mandatory continuing education for nurses, as well as integrating cultural competency and foreign languages in the prelicensure curriculum, should be developed and implemented in Saudi Arabia and other countries.
Migration and parasitism: habitat use, not migration distance, influences helminth species richness in Charadriiform birds
Authors: Gutiérrez Jorge S. , Rakhimberdiev Eldar , Piersma Theunis , Thieltges David W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimHabitat use and migration strategies of animals are often associated with spatial variation in parasite pressure, but how they relate to one another is not well understood. Here, we use a large dataset on helminth species richness of Charadriiform birds to test whether higher habitat diversity and seasonal migration increase parasite richness in avian hosts.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe compiled a global dataset on helminth species richness, habitat use strategies (marine/freshwater/mixed wintering and osmotic generalist/specialist) and various ecological/life‐history traits (migration distance, geographical range size, diet, body mass, sampling latitude) of Charadriiform birds. To test if hosts with different habitat use strategies encounter different parasite pressures, we used comparative methods that correct for shared ancestry and phylogenetic uncertainty.ResultsHabitat generalists (mixed wintering habitats and osmotic generalists) harboured more parasite species than habitat specialists; marine‐ and freshwater‐restricted hosts had similar helminth species richness. Contrary to previous results, we found no association between parasite species richness and migration distance. Overall helminth species richness also increased with diet diversity, with no effects of other ecological/life‐history traits.Main conclusionsWe suggest that birds exploiting diverse habitats and diets are exposed to a more diverse parasite fauna and conclude that distribution patterns and habitat use, rather than migration distance, shape parasite diversity within host populations. Overall, these results demonstrate the significant role of habitat use in explaining how migration may indirectly affect parasite richness in host populations.
Early reading intervention by means of a multicomponent reading game
Authors: van de Ven M. , de Leeuw L. , van Weerdenburg M. , Steenbeek‐Planting E.G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study examined the effects of an intervention with a multicomponent reading game on the development of reading skills in 60 Dutch primary school children with special educational needs. The game contains evidence‐based reading exercises and is based on principles of applied gaming. Using a multiple baseline approach, we tested children's word, pseudoword and text reading fluency, as well as their reading motivation, at three test occasions. The results indicated that the short intervention (9 × 15 min) enhanced children's pseudoword reading fluency as well as their text reading fluency. Interestingly, the early intervention group showed a sustained intervention effect (i.e., also during retention), which shows that using this reading game has a long‐term effect on early text reading development. Intervention did not affect reading motivation, which suggests that the multicomponent reading game can be used to facilitate early reading development without compromising reading motivation.