bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaffold-free generation of uniform adipose spheroids for metabolism research and drug discovery
Authors: Klingelhutz Aloysius J. , Gourronc Francoise A. , Chaly Anna , Wadkins David A. , Burand Anthony J. , Markan Kathleen R. , Idiga Sharon O. , Wu Meng , Potthoff Matthew J. , Ankrum James A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAdipose tissue dysfunction is critical to the development of type II diabetes and other metabolic diseases. While monolayer cell culture has been useful for studying fat biology, 2D culture often does not reflect the complexity of fat tissue. Animal models are also problematic in that they are expensive, time consuming, and may not completely recapitulate human biology because of species variation. To address these problems, we have developed a scaffold-free method to generate 3D adipose spheroids from primary or immortal human or mouse pre-adipocytes. Pre-adipocytes self-organize into spheroids in hanging drops and upon transfer to low attachment plates, can be maintained in long-term cultures. Upon exposure to differentiation cues, the cells mature into adipocytes, accumulating large lipid droplets that expand with time. The 3D spheroids express and secrete higher levels of adiponectin compared to 2D culture and respond to stress, either culture-related or toxin-associated, by secreting pro-inflammatory adipokines. In addition, 3D spheroids derived from brown adipose tissue (BAT) retain expression of BAT markers better than 2D cultures derived from the same tissue. Thus, this model can be used to study both the maturation of pre-adipocytes or the function of mature adipocytes in a 3D culture environment.
Artificial intelligence powers digital medicine
Authors: Fogel Alexander L. , Kvedar Joseph C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has recently surpassed human performance in several domains, and there is great hope that in healthcare, AI may allow for better prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. While many fear that AI will disrupt jobs and the physician–patient relationship, we believe that AI can eliminate many repetitive tasks to clear the way for human-to-human bonding and the application of emotional intelligence and judgment. We review several recent studies of AI applications in healthcare that provide a view of a future where healthcare delivery is a more unified, human experience.
Scattering linear polarization of late-type active stars
Authors: Yakobchuk T. M. , Berdyugina S. V. 
Published: January 2018

Context. Many active stars are covered in spots, much more so than the Sun, as indicated by spectroscopic and photometric observations. It has been predicted that star spots induce non-zero intrinsic linear polarization by breaking the visible stellar disk symmetry. Although small, this effect might be useful for star spot studies, and it is particularly significant for a future polarimetric atmosphere characterization of exoplanets orbiting active host stars.
Aims. Using models for a center-to-limb variation of the intensity and polarization in presence of continuum scattering and adopting a simplified two-temperature photosphere model, we aim to estimate the intrinsic linear polarization for late-type stars of different gravity, effective temperature, and spottedness.
Methods. We developed a code that simulates various spot configurations or uses arbitrary surface maps, performs numerical disk integration, and builds Stokes parameter phase curves for a star over a rotation period for a selected wavelength. It allows estimating minimum and maximum polarization values for a given set of stellar parameters and spot coverages.
Results. Based on assumptions about photosphere-to-spot temperature contrasts and spot size distributions, we calculate the linear polarization for late-type stars with Teff = 3500 K–6000 K, log g = 1.0–5.0, using the plane-parallel and spherical atmosphere models. Employing random spot surface distribution, we analyze the relation between spot coverage and polarization and determine the influence of different input parameters on results. Furthermore, we consider spot configurations with polar spots and active latitudes and longitudes.
TOPoS
Authors: Bonifacio P. , Caffau E. , Spite M. , Spite F. , Sbordone L. , Monaco L. , François P. , Plez B. , Molaro P. , Gallagher A. J. , Cayrel R. , Christlieb N. , Klessen R. S. , Koch A. , Ludwig H.-G. , Steffen M. , Zaggia S. , Abate C. 
Published: January 2018

Context. Extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars provide us with indirect information on the first generations of massive stars. The TOPoS survey has been designed to increase the census of these stars and to provide a chemical inventory that is as detailed as possible.
Aims. Seven of the most iron-poor stars have been observed with the UVES spectrograph at the ESO VLT Kueyen 8.2 m telescope to refine their chemical composition.
Methods. We analysed the spectra based on 1D LTE model atmospheres, but also used 3D hydrodynamical simulations of stellar atmospheres.
Results. We measured carbon in six of the seven stars: all are carbon-enhanced and belong to the low-carbon band, defined in the TOPoS II paper. We measured lithium (A(Li) = 1.9) in the most iron-poor star (SDSS J1035+0641, [Fe/H] <−5.2). We were also able to measure Li in three stars at [Fe/H] ~−4.0, two of which lie on the Spite plateau. We confirm that SDSS J1349+1407 is extremely rich in Mg, but not in Ca. It is also very rich in Na. Several of our stars are characterised by low α-to-iron ratios.
Conclusions. The lack of high-carbon band stars at low metallicity can be understood in terms of evolutionary timescales of binary systems. The detection of Li in SDSS J1035+0641 places a strong constraint on theories that aim at solving the cosmological lithium problem. The Li abundance of the two warmer stars at [Fe/H] ~−4.0 places them on the Spite plateau, while the third, cooler star, lies below. We argue that this suggests that the temperature at which Li depletion begins increases with decreasing [Fe/H]. SDSS J1349+1407 may belong to a class of Mg-rich EMP stars. We cannot assess if there is a scatter in α-to-iron ratios among the EMP stars or if there are several discrete populations. However, the existence of stars with low α-to-iron ratios is supported by our observations.
Ablative Fractional CO2 Laser for Facial Atrophic Acne Scars
Authors: Xu Yaqin , Deng Yunhua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAblative fractional carbon dioxide laser resurfacing is a well-established treatment for acne scars. However, there are limited consensus and guidelines regarding the procedure, such as its treatment plan, efficacy, and safety. In this study, we performed a systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of the fractional carbon dioxide laser treatment procedure, and to provide evidence-based recommendations concerning its practical use on atrophic acne scars. A comprehensive search was performed in, EMBASE, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases, using the keywords “scar(s),” “acne vulgaris,” “carbon dioxide,” and “fraction* laser(s)” for the period from January 1987 to December 2016. The initial literature search identified 337 articles. The final selection included 30 studies: 12 retrospective studies and 18 prospective randomized clinical trials. Ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser is an effective therapy for the treatment of acne scars. The treatment session, interval, and parameters should be customized for each patient. Combination therapy should be considered for ice-pick type acne scars. The use of dermocosmetics in pre- and postoperative care may be beneficial to patients.
Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants Use in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Bioprosthetic Heart Valves/Prior Surgical Valve Repair: A Multicenter Clinical Practice Experience
Authors: Attena Emilio , Mazzone Carmine , Esposito Francesca , Parisi Valentina , Bancone Ciro , Rago Anna , Nigro Gerardo , Sangiuolo Raffaele , D' Onofrio Antonio , Russo Vincenzo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis is an observational study to investigate the efficacy and safety of nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with bioprosthetic valves or prior surgical valve repair in clinical practice. A total of 122 patients (mean age: 74.1 ± 13.2; 54 females) with bioprosthetic heart valve or surgical valve repair and AF treated with NOACs were included in the analysis. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age >75 years, Diabetes mellitus, prior Stroke or transient ischemic attack, Vascular disease) and HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal renal and liver function, Stroke, Bleeding, Labile INR [international normalized ratio], Elderly, Drugs or alcohol) score values were 3.6 ± 1.2 and 2.6 ± 1.4, respectively. Of the total study population, 28.6% was taking apixaban 5 mg twice daily (BID), 24.5% apixaban 2.5 mg BID, 18% dabigatran 150 mg BID, 13% dabigatran 110 mg BID, 9.8% rivaroxaban 20 mg daily (QD), and 5.7% rivaroxaban 15 mg QD. Also, 92% of the study population previously had warfarin replaced with NOACs due to lack compliance and labile INR control (time in therapeutic range < 60%). NOAC therapy for AF was started on average 934 ± 567 days after bioprosthetic heart valve implantation or surgical repair for an average duration of 835 ± 203 days. The study population included 24 (19.6%) patients with bioprosthetic mitral valve, 52 (43%) patients with bioprosthetic aortic valve, 41 (33.6%) patients with previous surgical mitral repair, 5 (4%) patients with previous surgical aortic repair, and concomitant use of NOACs. All patients were evaluated for thromboembolic events (ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism) as well as major bleeding events during the follow-up period. In our study population, we recorded a low mean annual incidence of thromboembolism (0.8%) and major bleeding (1.3%). According to our data, anticoagulation therapy with NOACs seems to be an effective and a safe treatment strategy for nonvalvular AF patients with bioprosthetic valves or prior surgical valve repair.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Does Laterality Predict Perinatal Outcomes?
Authors: Sparks Teresa , Berger Victoria , Farrell Jody , Gosnell Kristen , Keller Roberta , Norton Mary , Gonzalez Juan , Sperling Jeffrey 
Published: January 2018

Objective The objective of this study was to examine laterality as a predictor of outcomes among fetuses with prenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).
Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies with CDH evaluated at our center from 2008 to 2016 compared cases with right-sided CDH (RCDH) versus left-sided CDH (LCDH). The primary outcome was survival to discharge. Secondary outcomes included ultrasound predictors of poor prognosis (liver herniation, stomach herniation, lung area-to-head circumference ratio [LHR]), concurrent anomalies, hydrops, stillbirth, preterm birth, mode of delivery, small for gestational age, use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and length of stay. Terminations and stillbirths were excluded from analyses of neonatal outcomes.
Results In this study, 157 (83%) LCDH and 32 (17%) RCDH cases were identified. Survival to discharge was similar (64 vs. 66.4%, p = 0.49) with regard to laterality. RCDH had higher rates of liver herniation (90.6 vs. 72%, p = 0.03), hydrops fetalis (15.6 vs. 1.3%, p < 0.01), and lower LHR (0.87 vs. 0.99, p = 0.04). LCDH had higher rates of stomach herniation (69.4 vs. 12.5%, p < 0.01). Rates of other outcomes were similar in univariate analyses. Adjusting for microarray abnormalities, the odds for survival to discharge for RCDH compared with LCDH was 0.93 (0.38–2.30, p = 0.88).
Conclusion Compared with LCDH, fetuses with RCDH had higher rates of adverse ultrasound predictors, but equivalent survival.
Cultivar development and selection.
Authors: Finn C. E. , Clark J. R. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

This chapter augments previous detailed reviews of blackberry breeding with the latest releases and developments. European and North American programmes initiated the crop development over the past century, however, the expansion of this crop in Asia, and Oceania, and the recent meteoric rise of Mexican and Central American production are also discussed. Breeding programmes across the USA, Brazil, New Zealand and elsewhere are noted. Selection of plants for specific architecture and qualities such as thornlessness, primocane fruiting, chilling requirement, disease resistance, heat/cold tolerance, yield, and genomic analysis are reviewed. Tabulated data are given on the background of the most important non-proprietary blackberry cultivars, with a focus on more modern cultivars.
Isomerization of feruloylputrescine in orange juice by light exposure
Authors: Ogi Kayako , Otsuka Takako , Sumitani Hidenobu 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Exposure to light may adversely affect the quality of foods. This investigation of how light exposure affects citrus (orange and mandarin blend) juice in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles demonstrated that the isomeric form of a compound in the juice changed during storage. This compound was identified as feruloylputrescine (FP; CAS: 501-13-3; C14H20N2O3) using LC/MS (Q-TOF). LC/MS and NMR measurements showed that the content of the original form, trans-FP, decreased as it isomerized to cis-FP during storage. This phenomenon could be observed in citrus fruit juices containing FP, such orange and grapefruit juices. Therefore, determining the content of these two isomers of FP could be used to indicate the level of light exposure experienced by citrus fruit products.
Interleukin 22 prevents lipopolysaccharide- induced preterm labor in mice†
Authors: Dambaeva Svetlana , Schneiderman Sylvia , Jaiswal Mukesh K , Agrawal Varkha , Katara Gajendra K , Gilman-Sachs Alice , Hirsch Emmet , Beaman Kenneth D 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPreterm birth is widespread and causes 35% of all neonatal deaths. Infants who survive face potential long-term complications. A major contributing factor of preterm birth is infection. We investigated the role of interleukin 22 (IL22) as a potential clinically relevant cytokine during gestational infection. IL22 is an effector molecule secreted by immune cells. While the expression of IL22 was reported in normal nonpregnant endometrium and early pregnancy decidua, little is known about uterine IL22 expression during mid or late gestational stages of pregnancy. Since IL22 has been shown to be an essential mediator in epithelial regeneration and wound repair, we investigated the potential role of IL22 during defense against an inflammatory response at the maternal–fetal interface. We used a well-established model to study infection and infection-associated inflammation during preterm birth in the mouse. We have shown that IL22 is upregulated to respond to an intrauterine lipopolysaccharide administration and plays an important role in controlling the risk of inflammation-induced preterm birth. This paper proposes IL22 as a treatment method to combat infection and prevent preterm birth in susceptible patients.
Planetary-like spirals caused by moving shadows in transition discs
Authors: Montesinos Matías , Cuello Nicolás 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Shadows and spirals seem to be common features of transition discs. Among the spiral-triggering mechanisms proposed, only one establishes a causal link between shadows and spirals so far. In fact, provided the presence of shadows in the disc, the combined effect of temperature gradient and differential disc rotation creates strong azimuthal pressure gradients. After several thousand years, grand-design spirals develop in the gas phase. Previous works have only considered static shadows caused by an inclined inner disc. However, in some cases, the inner regions of circumbinary discs can break and precess. Thus, it is more realistic to consider moving shadow patterns in the disc. In this configuration, the intersection between the inner and the outer discs defines the line of nodes at which the shadows are cast. Here, we consider moving shadows and study the resulting circumbinary disc structure. We find that only static and prograde shadows trigger spirals, in contrast to retrograde ones. Interestingly, if a region of the disc corotates with the shadow, a planet-like signature develops at the co-rotation position. The resulting spirals resemble those caused by a planet embedded in the disc, with similar pitch angles.
Sevoflurane Blocks the Induction of Long-term Potentiation When Present during, but Not When Present Only before, the High-frequency Stimulation
Authors: Liu Jinyang , Yang Lie , Lin Daisy , Cottrell James E. , Kass Ira S. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
This study tests the hypothesis that sevoflurane blocks long-term potentiation only if it is present during the high-frequency stimulation that induces long-term potentiation.

Methods
Long-term potentiation, an electrophysiologic correlate of memory, was induced by high-frequency stimulation and measured as a persistent increase in the field excitatory postsynaptic potential slope in the CA1 region.

Results
Long-term potentiation was induced in the no sevoflurane group (171 ± 58% vs. 96 ± 11%; n = 13, mean ± SD); when sevoflurane (4%) was present during the high-frequency stimulation, long-term potentiation was blocked (92 ± 22% vs. 99 ± 7%, n = 6). While sevoflurane reduced the size of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential to single test stimuli by 59 ± 17%, it did not significantly reduce the size of the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials during the 100 Hz high-frequency stimulation. If sevoflurane was removed from the artificial cerebrospinal fluid superfusing the slices 10 min before the high-frequency stimulation, then long-term potentiation was induced (185 ± 48%, n = 7); this was not different from long-term potentiation in the no sevoflurane slices (171 ± 58). Sevoflurane before, but not during, ⊖-burst stimulation, a physiologic stimulus, did not block the induction of long-term potentiation (151 ± 37% vs. 161 ± 34%, n = 7).

Conclusions
Sevoflurane blocks long-term potentiation formation if present during the high-frequency stimulation; this blockage of long-term potentiation does not persist if sevoflurane is discontinued before the high-frequency stimulation. These results may explain why short periods of insufficient sevoflurane anesthesia may lead to recall of painful or traumatic events during surgery.
Suicidal Risk and Affective Temperaments, Evaluated with the TEMPS-A Scale: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vázquez Gustavo H. , Gonda Xenia , Lolich María , Tondo Leonardo , Baldessarini Ross J. 
Published: January 2018

Background
Among risk factors for suicidal behavior, there is growing interest in associations with stable affective temperament types, particularly based on assessment with the TEMPS-A self-rating scale.

Aim
As research on this topic has not been reviewed systematically, we synthesized relevant, reported research findings.

Methods
Systematic searching identified peer-reviewed reports pertaining to associations of suicidal behavior or ideation with affective temperament types evaluated with TEMPS-A. We summarized available findings and applied quantitative meta-analytic methods to compare scale scores in suicidal versus nonsuicidal subjects.

Results
In 21 of 23 TEMPS-A studies meeting inclusion criteria, anxious, cyclothymic, depressive, or irritable temperament scores were significantly higher with previous or recent suicide attempts or ideation in both psychiatric and general population samples compared to nonsuicidal controls, whereas hyperthymic temperament scores were lower in 9 of 11 reports. These findings were synthesized by random-effects meta-analyses of standardized mean differences in TEMPS-A temperament scores in suicidal versus nonsuicidal subjects. Associations ranked: depressive ≥ irritable > cyclothymic > anxious > hyperthymic (negative).

Conclusions
Affective temperaments, especially depressive and irritable, were strongly associated with suicidal risk, whereas hyperthymic temperament appeared to be protective.
The relationship between the use of statins and mortality, severity, and pancreatic cancer in Danish patients with chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Bang Ulrich C. , Watanabe Tomohiro , Bendtsen Flemming 
Published: January 2018

Objectives
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is associated with a shortened life expectancy. Statins have anti-inflammatory properties and we aimed to evaluate the association between the use of statins and the risk of death, progression of CP, and pancreatic cancer in patients with CP.

Patients and methods
We carried out a nested case–cohort study and included patients with CP. We used claims of proton pump inhibitors as an active comparator. Patients with cirrhosis or cancer were excluded. We evaluated the exposure on the basis of pharmacy claims of statins. We used propensity score matching with a statins : nonstatins ratio of 1 : 1.

Results
A total of 4807 patients were eligible for propensity score matching; 33% were women and the mean (SD) age at cohort entry was 56 (10) years. During follow-up, a total of 2073 (43%) patients had died and the risk of death was significantly lower among patients using statins versus no statins among 678 matched patients [hazard ratio (HR) 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49–0.83]. Use of statins versus no statins was associated with decreased progression of CP, with an HR of 0.21 (95% CI: 0.17–0.26). Pancreatic cancer occurred in 117 (2.4%) patients and we found a lower risk of pancreatic cancer in statin-treated patients compared with no statins, with a HR of 0.21 (95% CI: 0.06–0.70).

Conclusion
In this nationwide study, we found lower risks of mortality, disease progression, and pancreatic cancer in patients with CP using statins. The study is limited by its retrospective design, but supports the hypothesis that statins may affect the course of CP.
Use of Intravenous Posaconazole in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients
Authors: Strommen Amanda , Hurst Amanda L. , Curtis Donna , Abzug Mark J. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Posaconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal used for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections. There is no published data to inform prescribers on dosing of the intravenous (IV) formulation in the pediatric population. We describe our experience including dosing, serum concentrations, and tolerability.

Observations:
Four patients (3 to 9 y) received IV posaconazole for treatment of documented/suspected invasive fungal infections. Patients achieved therapeutic concentrations on daily doses of 8.4 to 12.2 mg/kg and adverse effects were minimal.

Conclusions:
Higher dosing per body weight of IV posaconazole may be required in the pediatric population compared with adults to consistently achieve therapeutic concentrations.