bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ataxia
Authors: Ashizawa Tetsuo , Xia Guangbin 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Purpose of Review: This article introduces the background and common etiologies of ataxia and provides a general approach to assessing and managing the patient with ataxia.

Recent Findings: Ataxia is a manifestation of a variety of disease processes, and an underlying etiology needs to be investigated. Pure ataxia is rare in acquired ataxia disorders, and associated symptoms and signs almost always exist to suggest an underlying cause. While the spectrum of hereditary degenerative ataxias is expanding, special attention should be addressed to those treatable and reversible etiologies, especially potentially life-threatening causes. This article summarizes the diseases that can present with ataxia, with special attention given to diagnostically useful features. While emerging genetic tests are becoming increasingly available for hereditary ataxia, they cannot replace conventional diagnostic procedures in most patients with ataxia. Special consideration should be focused on clinical features when selecting a cost-effective diagnostic test.

Summary: Clinicians who evaluate patients with ataxia should be familiar with the disease spectrum that can present with ataxia. Following a detailed history and neurologic examination, proper diagnostic tests can be designed to confirm the clinical working diagnosis.
Perceptions of hospital medical personnel on disaster preparedness
Authors: Walczyszyn Maciej , Patel Shalin , Oron Maly , Mina Bushra 
Published: August 2016

Objective: Natural disasters, domestic terrorism and other forms of catastrophe, though rare, pose a significant public health challenge when they do occur. Hospital personnel must have the appropriate training to identify, treat, and possibly even oversee local disaster preparedness initiatives. Insufficient resources have been placed on the education received by healthcare providers in tertiary medical institutions. We intended to assess the current state of knowledge and interest in disaster preparedness among different tiers of hospital staff and training levels in order to identify potential barriers and areas for further training. Design: A cross-sectional online survey was given to hospital attending physicians, subspecialty fellows, residents, nurses, physician assistants, and their respective students. The survey questions were disseminated throughout the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) Members and the North Shore Long Island Jewish (NSLIJ) hospital system via e-mail newsletters. Main results: A total of 572 individuals participated between October 2013 and May 2014. 85% of respondents expected to be dealing with a disaster during their career. 61.5% of respondents noted they would not feel comfortable leading and directing a local disaster management initiative. Yet 51.9% of respondents treated victims of natural disasters, 56.5% of transportation disasters and 34.8% of a structural collapse. When asked about level of formal disaster management training: 27.5% noted that no training was provided and 33% noted that they received 12 hours of training and only a quarter had more than 48 hours of formal training. 86.6% of respondents noted an interest in participating in a disaster management training workshop. Conclusions: Many of our respondents had low level of disaster management training, did not feel comfortable leading a disaster initiative, however many have had to take care of victims of disasters. Based on our findings, hospital professionals feel under prepared for disaster management, and disaster preparedness should be considered an integral part of medical training.
The evolution of intraoperative conversion in video assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy
Authors: Vallance A , Tcherveniakov P , Bogdan C , Chaudhuri N , Milton R , Kefaloyannis E 
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION Unplanned conversion to thoracotomy remains a major concern in video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy. This study aimed to investigate the development of a VATS lobectomy programme over a five-year period, with a focus on the causes and consequences of unplanned conversions. METHODS A single centre retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent complete anatomical lung resection initiated by VATS between January 2010 and April 2015. RESULTS In total, 1,270 patients underwent a lobectomy in the study period and 684 (53.9%) of these were commenced thoracoscopically. There were 75 cases (10.9%) with unplanned conversion. The proportion of lobectomies started as VATS was significantly higher in the second half of the study period (2010–2012: 277/713 [38.8%], 2013–2015: 407/557 [73.1%], p<0.001). The conversion rate dropped initially from 20.4% (11/54) in 2010 to 9.9% (15/151) in 2013 and then remained consistently under 10% until 2015. Conversions were most commonly secondary to vascular injury (26/75, 34.7%). Patients undergoing unplanned conversion had a longer length of stay than VATS completed patients (9 vs 6 days, p<0.001). There was a higher incidence of respiratory failure (10/75 [14.1%] vs 23/607 [3.8%], p<0.001) and 30-day mortality (7/75 [9.3%] vs 6/607 [1.0%], p=0.003) in patients with unplanned conversion than in those with completed VATS. CONCLUSIONS As our VATS lobectomy programme developed, the unplanned conversion rate dropped initially and then remained constant at approximately 10%. With increasing unit experience, it is both safe and technically possible to complete the majority of lobectomy procedures thoracoscopically.
Television drama series and transmedia storytelling in an era of convergence
Authors: Mikos Lothar 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In the past three decades television has undergone a unique transformation. Digitalization and the integration of traditional media and telecommunication have also allowed films and television programmes to be marketed and used on other technical platforms besides conventional cinema and television. Individual films and television programmes must therefore both be considered in the context of multimedia offerings. Associated social media activities and websites (including webisodes or games) are more and more important for the production and distribution of television drama series. In an era of media convergence single media outlets like television converge with online media. Transmedia storytelling where a story is told on as many platforms as possible to attract audiences is mainly related to television drama series. Based on the analysis of several transmedia outlets of television drama series the article will show how production companies, networks and other TV channels attempt to involve viewers via transmedia storytelling in a fragmented media market with a fragmented audience in creating a 360-degree experience.
Futuros jardines como laboratorios digitales frente a sequías e inundaciones
Authors: Jorge Camacho Cristina 
Published: August 2016

Aunque el valor de algunos terrenos viene dado por haber sido domados mediante obras de infraestructura que canalizan y controlan ríos o protegen de las inundaciones con muros de contención rígidos, todavía es posible encontrar lugares abandonados, inaccesibles o protegidos que son reservas de biodiversidad y pueden albergar laboratorios al aire libre para prevenir y buscar nuevos sistemas dinámicos de protección frente a las inundaciones o las sequias. ¿Cómo sería el diseño de ese jardín-laboratorio digital? Comenzaría con la formación de montículos de tierra para frenar la fuerza de las olas (L); revelaría cómo actualmente el agua desaparece de la vista cuando se acerca a la ciudad mediante canalizaciones (F); y, finalmente, mostraría cómo el agua se debería almacenar en diferentes escalas: marismas, lagunas o aljibes (W). Los métodos de representación, las herramientas paramétricas y las construcciones digitales (CNC) son tres fases de un modelo de jardín a escala real que pasa de un entendimiento plano y rígido del territorio a una comprensión topográfica y dinámica.Palabras-clave: BIODIVERSIDAD; INUNDACIONES Y SEQUÍAS; PROTECCIÓN COSTERA; HERRAMIENTAS DIGITALES; INSTALACIONES URBANAS Futures gardens as digital laboratories against droughts and floodsAbstractWhile the value of some productive land is to be tamed by infrastructural works of man-made canals that control rivers or give security measures with rigid dikes, there are other terrains -neglected land, parcels of land left behind or protective territories where biodiversity is preserved- that could be a place for an experimental field which works on early warning systems that help to prevent floods and droughts. How could we design a garden as an open-air digital laboratory? It would show how dynamic defences such as landform mounds would stop gradually water (L); it would reveal how water is hidden from view running through our pipes in the urban context (F); and it would prove how water could be concentrated in different scales by marshlands, ponds and cisterns (W). Representation, parametric tools and digital construction (CNC) are three steps of a full-scale data model for new landforms of garden shifting from planar and rigid understanding into more volumetric and dynamic surfaces.Keywords: BIODIVERSITY; FLOODS AND DROUGHS; COASTAL PROTECTION; DIGITAL TOOLS; URBAN PIPELINES
Spin covers of maximal compact subgroups of Kac–Moody groups and spin-extended Weyl groups
Authors: Ghatei David , Horn Max , Köhl Ralf , Weiß Sebastian 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Let G be a split real Kac–Moody group of arbitrary type and let K be its maximal compact subgroup, i.e. the
subgroup of elements fixed by a Cartan–Chevalley involution of G.
We construct non-trivial spin covers of K, thus confirming a conjecture by Damour and Hillmann. For irreducible simply-laced diagrams and for all spherical diagrams these spin covers are two-fold central extensions of K. For more complicated irreducible diagrams these spin covers are central extensions by a finite 2-group of possibly larger cardinality.
Our construction is amalgam-theoretic and makes use of the generalised spin representations of maximal compact subalgebras of split real Kac–Moody algebras studied by Hainke, Levy and the third author.
Our spin covers contain what we call spin-extended Weyl groups which admit a presentation by generators and relations obtained from the one for extended Weyl groups by relaxing the condition on the generators so that only their eighth powers are required to be trivial.
A novel insulin receptor mutation in an adolescent with acanthosis nigricans and hyperandrogenism
Authors: Krishnamurthy Mansa , Pingul Mia M 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInsulin receptor mutations cause extreme insulin resistance resulting in acanthosis nigricans and hyperandrogenism. We report a pre-menarchal adolescent female with normal weight, with severe acanthosis nigricans, acne, and hirsutism. Initial investigation revealed elevated fasting and post-prandial insulin and high testosterone and androstenedione levels. Her father had frequent complaints of hypoglycemia. Coding sequence and splice junction analysis of the
Metal nanoparticles from marine seaweeds – a review
Authors: Ponnuchamy Kumar , Jacob Joe Antony 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSeaweed extracts are most studied recently for their ability to rapidly reduce metal ions than biomass such as bacteria, fungi, and plants. The reducing capacity of seaweeds depends on the presence of phytoconsitutents such as polysacchardies, phenolic compounds, proteins/enzymes, and other chelating agents. Marine seaweeds that belong to Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, and Phaeophyta groups are reported to biosynthesize metal nanoparticles. The morphology and the stability of the nanoparticles obtained from seaweeds for biomedical and environmental applications are equivalent in most aspects to other “green” methodologies. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles using seaweeds can be scaled up to meet industrial requirements. Therefore, this review elaborates seaweeds as a better tool for the fabrication of metal nanoparticles.
Pótlások a Magyarország edényes növényfajainak elterjedési atlaszához I.
Authors: Takács Attila , Nagy Timea , Sramkó Gábor , Lovas-Kiss Ádám , Süveges Kristóf , Lukács Balázs András , Fekete Réka , Löki Viktor , Malatinszky Ákos , E. Vojtkó Anna , Koscsó János , Pfliegler Walter Péter , Nótári Krisztina , Molnár V. Attila 
Published: August 2016

Közleményünk célja a Magyarország edényes növényfajainak elterjedési atlasza térképeinek kiegészítése, főként aktuális előfordulási adatokkal. Összesen 297 edényes taxon előfordulási adatait közöljük az ország egész területéről, mintegy 247 flóratérképezési negyed-kvadrátból. Az adatok között a ritkább taxonok (például Armoracia macrocarpa (Waldst. et Kit.) Kit. ex Baumg., Samolus valerandi L., Epipactis voethii Robatsch) mellett országosan elterjedt, de többé-kevésbé adathiányos fajok (például Ranunculus ficaria L., Viola kitaibeliana Roem. et Schult., Gagea villosa (M. Bieb.) Duby), illetve adventív fajok (például Cymbalaria muralis G. Gaertn., B. Mey. et Scherb., Potentilla indica (Andrews) Focke, Tragus racemosus (L.) All.) esetében is közöljük az atlasz térképeihez képest újnak bizonyuló lelőhelyeket.
A kis lilik (Anser erythropus L.) és közel rokon nagytestű lúdfajok magterjesztésben betöltött szerepe és élőhelyi preferenciája a Hortobágyi Nemzeti Parkban
Authors: Tóth Katalin , Bogyó Dávid , Tar János , Valkó Orsolya 
Published: August 2016

Az állatok általi magterjesztésnek igen jelentős szerepe van a növényi elterjedési mintázatok kialakításában. Újabb kutatások kimutatták, hogy a vízimadarak is igen jelentős szerepet tölthetnek be a növényi magterjesztésben. A zoochor magterjesztés vizsgálatával egyrészt megérthetjük az állati terjesztő vektorok szerepét a növényi terjedésben, másrészt fontos információkat nyerhetünk az állatok táplálék-összetételéről. Vizsgálatunk célja a fokozottan védett és globálisan veszélyeztetett kis lilik (Anser erythropus L.) illetve a hasonló élőhelyeket használó nagyobb testű ludak (nyári lúd – Anser anser L. és nagy lilik – Anser albifrons Scop.) endozoochor magterjesztésének és élőhely-preferenciájának vizsgálata volt. A vizsgálatot a LIFE10-NAT/GR/000638 projekt támogatta. Az ürülékmintákat a Hortobágyi Nemzeti Park területén gyűjtöttük, ahol a kis lilikek és a nagyobb testű ludak tavaszi és őszi vonulásuk során táplálkoznak. A vizsgálatban azonosítottuk a ludak főbb táplálkozó-területeit, ahonnan összesen 720 ürülék-mintát gyűjtöttünk mind a kis lilik mind a nagyobb testű ludak ürülékéből 2012 tavaszán és őszén. A mintákat mosással koncentráltuk, majd sterilizált virágföldet tartalmazó csíráztató ládákban, üvegházban csíráztattuk. Összesen 21 faj egyedeit sikerült kicsíráztatni a ludak ürülékéből. Vizsgálatunkban jelentős évszakos különbségeket találtunk mind a kis lilik mind a nagyobb testű ludak ürülékéből csírázó magok mennyiségében és fajszámában: az őszi mintákból több fajt és több csíranövényt mutattunk ki. Vizsgálatunkban kimutattuk, hogy még közel rokon, hasonló élőhelyeken táplálkozó lúdfajok esetében is jelentős különbségek lehetnek a fajok magterjesztő képességében. Eredményeink alapján a kis lilik erősen kötődik a természetes, jó állapotú szikes gyepekhez és szikes rétekhez, mivel ilyen élőhelyeken voltak a főbb táplálkozó-területek. A kis lilik ürülékéből nagyobb egyedszámban és fajszámban csíráztak a szikes élőhelyekre jellemző fajok magjai, ugyanakkor kisebb egyedszámban és fajszámban csíráztak a gyomfajok. Összesen 21 faj csíraképes magját sikerült kimutatnunk az ürülékmintákból, ami arra utal, hogy a ludak jelentős szerepet tölthetnek be mind a gyepi mind a vizes élőhelyekre jellemző fajok magjainak terjesztésében.
Technology Update; Sequenced Refracturing Technology Improves Economics in Unconventional Plays
Authors: Acock Andrew , Clark Brian D. 
Published: August 2016

Technology Update
Under current market constraints, many operators and service companies are trying to determine how to efficiently and cost-effectively refracture declining and/or underperforming shale wells. Companies are investigating new technologies and creatively adapting existing techniques to improve refracturing operations.
Historically, hundreds or thousands of laterals in unconventional plays were stimulated with suboptimal practices or suffered damage, limiting access to significant remaining reserves.
Typically costing a fraction of the amount required to drill and complete a new well, refracturing represents an attractive opportunity for operators to increase production, ultimate recovery, and return on investment.
Problems With Refracturing
While refracturing vertical wells is not new, the industry has limited experience with refracturing horizontal wellbores and the technique is still in its infancy. Today, the common practice is to assume that if a treatment design succeeded in the original lateral, one needs to only apply essentially the same formula in refracturing the well. Instead of using mechanical bridge plugs, which are no longer a viable option, a diverting agent is pumped between each proppant fracture stage.
Diversion materials typically consist of degradable particles intended to plug existing fractures in low-pressure depleted zones and divert proppant to untreated, high-pressure sections of the lateral. Although some horizontal refracturing jobs have achieved good results with this approach, there are two serious potential technical shortcomings. One is ineffective diversion across the full length of the lateral. The other is inadequate proppant transport inside the lateral.
Conventional diverting materials have not proven reliable, often failing to isolate existing fractures. Particle sizes have not been optimized to effectively plug near-wellbore fracture openings, or the particles become strung out during pumping and thereby prevent diversion pills from achieving sufficient concentration to create impermeable barriers. As a result, portions of the subsequent proppant treatments take the path of least resistance by flowing into depleted areas and failing to attain the pressure required for fracturing any unstimulated rock.
There is another, less obvious problem with traditional refracturing of horizontal completions. As proppant-laden fracture fluids travel toward the toe of the lateral, fluid fractions enter multiple hydraulic fractures along the way and continually slow the stream.
As fluid velocity diminishes, the proppant begins to settle out and accumulate inside the casing, creating a sand dune that progressively fills the lateral. Few operators realize that hundreds or thousands of feet of casing may be clogged with sand. Inadequate proppant transport and sand settling may explain the observation that many refracturing operations preferentially stimulate the wellbore closer to the heel.
The Role of Soft Skills in a Challenging Environment
Authors: Milanovich-Eagleson Narandja , Howes Susan , Fattahi Behrooz 
Published: August 2016

Talent & Technology
Lower oil prices have evoked a level of stress in the industry not only for those involved in a slowdown or cancellations of projects, and potential staff reductions, but also for those who may be buffered from the business cycle swings. These times of scarcity of operating cash flow and capital resources can create substantial anxiety because of an internal conflict among employment needs, a company’s survival needs, and corporate and professional conduct.
In such times, the human tendency is to hunker down so as not to lose ground and to survive. When we do that, we often lose sight of what ensures resilience for the individuals and their organizations. Humans under stress do not always do what is intuitive or logical, and in times of high stress, the engagement of the larger community, namely the value chain teams within and outside of our workplace, is essential. We need to maintain a balanced focus on the long term while managing short-term demands. This obviously is not an easy task, but self-awareness of our internal conflicts is an excellent starting point.
To maintain a focus on the long term, our capacity to engage others and enable their mutual needs to be met, while maintaining the viability of the systems in which we operate, is indispensable. Stress management, resilience, self-awareness, and engagement are all important competencies for surviving challenging times, and these skills are grouped under the general category called “soft skills.”
Having realized the importance of soft skills to SPE as a professional society, in 2011, a group of SPE volunteers created the Soft Skills Committee (SSC), proposing that SPE could be the catalyst for the improvement of soft skills within the petroleum industry to enhance the quality and the quantity of technical results (Fattahi et al. 2012, 2013, and 2014).
Scale Inhibitor Works To Prevent Reprecipitation of Calcium Sulfate
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: August 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper IPTC 17827, “Prevention of Dissolution and Reprecipitation of Calcium Sulfate While Acidizing,” by Harvey Quintero, SPE, Darren Maley, SPE, and Farah Zafar, SPE, Trican Well Service, prepared for the 2014 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Kuala Lumpur, 10–12 December. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) in the form of gypsum and anhydrite is one of the more prevalent evaporite minerals typically found in the carbonate rocks of the western Canadian sedimentary basin (WCSB). Most calcium sulfate scale inhibitors used for acid treatments rely on either the retardation of CaSO4 crystal growth or the creation of soluble complex salts with the calcium ions. A broad-spectrum scale inhibitor has been specially formulated for high-salinity and acid solutions that not only prevents the precipitation of CaSO4 but also helps inhibit the initial dissolution of CaSO4.
Introduction
Covering a vast extension of 1.4 million km2, the WCSB is between the southwestern border of the Canadian shield in Manitoba and the eastern flank of the Canadian Rocky Mountain system in British Columbia. Approximately half of the WCSB is composed of carbonate reservoirs.
Commonly, these carbonate formations are stimulated with acid. Depending on the formation itself and the presence of formation damage, two main acid-stimulation techniques are used: matrix acidizing and acid fracturing. In a matrix-acidizing treatment, the objective is to squeeze the acid into the formation below fracturing pressures to create wormholes to increase production and to bypass formation damage, such as that caused by drilling. In an acid-fracturing treatment, the acid is pumped at high rates above the fracturing pressure. As the treatment is pumped, the acid reacts with the fracture face, etching it. Once the treatment is complete, a highly conductive path is left by the etching of the fracture face by the acid.
The acid treatments are commonly completed with hydrochloric acid (HCl) or with acetic acid (CH3COOH), formic acid (CHOOH), or other organic acids. Conditions throughout the WCSB vary dramatically, and conditions such as bottomhole temperature, metals used in tubulars or downhole tools, minerals present in the formation, and composition of the oil play a factor in the customization of acid blends.