bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estudio morfológico de Smilax L. (Smilacaceae) en Costa Rica, con implicaciones sistemáticas
Authors: Ferrufino Acosta Lilian , Gómez-Laurito Jorge 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Se realizó una revisión morfológica de las especies de </span><span>Smilax </span><span>de Costa Rica. Tradicionalmente se han aceptado hasta 14 especies. En este trabajo se reconocen 7: </span><span>Smilax domingensis, S. mollis, S. panamensis, S. spinosa, S. spissa, S. subpubescens </span><span>y </span><span>S. vanilliodora. </span><span>Los siguientes nombres se tratan como sinónimos: </span><span>Smilax engleriana </span><span>y </span><span>S. kunthii </span><span>de </span><span>S. domingensis</span><span>; </span><span>S. hirsutior, S. angustiflora </span><span>y </span><span>S. candelariae </span><span>de </span><span>S. mollis</span><span>, y </span><span>S. chiriquensis </span><span>y </span><span>S. regelii </span><span>var. </span><span>albida </span><span>de </span><span>S. vanilliodora</span><span>. </span><span>Smilax regelii </span><span>se excluye como taxon válido y se designa un lectotipo de </span><span>S. gymnopoda</span><span>. Se elaboraron claves dicotómicas con características vegetativas y reproductivas (flores y frutos), con base en observaciones de campo y especímenes de herbario. En todas las especies se incluyeron diversos caracteres importantes para la identificación, como el rizoma, el tallo, el tamaño de los tépalos y la variación del color de las bayas a lo largo del desarrollo. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Notas sobre ecología y distribución del género Lepanthes (Orchidaceae) en Cuba, con una lista actualizada y revisada
Authors: Llamacho Olmo Juan A. 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Se ofrecen notas sobre la ecología y la distribución del género </span><span>Lepanthes </span><span>en Cuba, con una lista de las especies registradas en la isla y de los herbarios donde se encuentran depositados los tipos. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Validation of the species of Septobasidium (Basidiomycetes) described by John N. Couch
Authors: Gómez Luis D. , Henk Daniel A. 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Aquí se validan póstumamente los nombres de especies y variedades nuevas descritas por J.N. Couch en su monografía de </span><span>Septobasidium </span><span>(1938); se incluyen los propuestos antes por otros autores, que no eran válidos por faltar una descripción latina. Se proveen traducciones al latín de las descripciones ingle- sas de Couch y se designan holotipos, algunos isotipos y paratipos, un neotipo y un isoneotipo. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles: Effect of Hydroxide Ion Concentration
Authors: López Israel , Gómez Idalia 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTCadmium sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized by a microwave-assisted route in aqueous dispersion. The cadmium sulfide nanoparticles showed an average diameter around 5 nm and a cubic phase corresponding to hawleyite. The aqueous dispersions of the nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, luminescence analysis, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The addition of sodium hydroxide solutions at different concentrations causes a red-shift in the wavelength of the first excitonic absorption peak of the cadmium sulfide nanoparticles, indicating a reduction of the band gap energy. Besides, the intensity of the luminescence of the nanoparticle dispersions was increased. However, there is a threshold concentration of the hydroxide ion above which the precipitation of the cadmium sulfide nanoparticles occurs.
Cluster-Crosslinked Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymers: Influence of the Cluster Type on the Materials Properties
Authors: Gross Silvia , Noto Vito Di , Kickelbick Guido , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMethacrylate-substituted tetranuclear tantalum, zirconium and titanium oxide clusters (Zr4O2(OMc)12, Ti4O2(OPri)6(OMc)6, and Ta4O4(OEt)8(OMc)4) were prepared by reaction of the alkoxides with methacrylic acid. The clusters were then polymerized with methyl methacrylate as co-monomers in different molar ratios (0.5–2 mol% of the functionalized cluster). In the resulting inorganic-organic hybrid polymers, the clusters crosslink the polymer chains very efficiently. The physical properties and structural features of the hybrid polymers, investigated by their swelling behavior, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 13C MAS NMR and impedance spectroscopy, exhibit a clear dependence on the cluster portion in the polymer and on the cluster type.
Rolle der Roten Vogelmilbe (Dermanyssus gallinae) bei der Übertragung von aviärem Influenza-A-Virus
Authors: Sommer D. , Heffels-Redmann U. , Köhler K. , Lierz M. , Kaleta E. F. 
Published: February 2016

ZusammenfassungZiel dieser Studie war, die Rolle der Roten Vogelmilbe (Dermanyssus [D.] gallinae) bei der horizontalen Übertragung von aviärem Influenza-A-Virus (AIV) zu untersuchen. Diese Milbe stellt weltweit den häufigsten Ektoparasiten beim Geflügel dar und könnte Bedeutung bei der Übertragung von Pathogenen inklusive AIV haben. Aktuell ist eine Bekämpfung der Milben schwierig, da sie Resistenzen gegen viele Akarizide entwickeln, nachtaktiv sind und für Monate ohne Blutaufnahme versteckt überdauern können. Material und Methoden: Die in einem Legehennenbetrieb gesammelten Milben wurden in selbst gebaute Boxen gesetzt. SPF-Hühner wurden intravenös mit dem AIV-Stamm A/turkey/Ontario/ 7732/1966 (H5N9) infiziert und die Virämie verfolgt. Zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt wurden ca. 1000 Milben zu den infizierten Hühnern gesetzt, um dort Blut aufzunehmen. Die Virus-Reisolierung wurde über 14 Tage täglich mittels Hühnerembryofibroblasten-Kulturen und embryonierten Hühnereiern versucht. Um festzustellen, ob virushaltige Milben das Virus übertragen, wurden sie in Boxen zu SPF-Hühnern gesetzt. Die mögliche Infektion der Hühner wurde durch klinisches Monitoring, Serologie, Sektionen, Histologie und Immunhistochemie überprüft. Ergeb - nisse: AIV-infizierte Hühner entwickelten eine dosisabhängige Virämie ab Tag 1 post infectionem (p. i.), der zur erstmaligen Blutaufnahme der Milben gewählt wurde. AIV wurde aus Milben nach dem Blutsaugen an Hühnern über 10 Tage isoliert. Naive Hühner konnten von AIV-positiven Milben durch Blutsaugen mit AIV infiziert werden. Virusisolate aus Milben und Hühnern ließen sich mittels RT-PCR nicht von dem Ausgangs - isolat unterschei den. Schlussfolgerung: Milben können AIV durch Blutsaugen aufnehmen und auf SPF-Hühner übertragen. Hiermit wurde die Rolle von D. gallinae als mechanischem Vektor für AIV nachgewiesen. Die Milbe ist daher an der Zirkulation des Virus in einem Betrieb beteiligt, wobei das infektiöse Virus in der Milbe eine begrenzte Überlebenszeit hat. Klinische Relevanz: Die bestätigte AIV-Übertragung erhöht die Wichtigkeit der Bekämpfung dieses Ektoparasiten zum Erhalt der Gesundheit und Produktivität von Geflügel. Die belegte Vektorfunktion von D. gallinae hat große Bedeutung für Geflügelhaltungen weltweit.
Vakuumassistierte Wundbehandlung (Negative Pressure Wound Therapy, NPWT) in der Kleintiermedizin
Authors: Meyer-Lindenberg A. , Nolff M. C. 
Published: February 2016

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung offener Wunden gehört zu den alltäglichen Herausforderungen in der Tiermedizin. In den letzten Jahren hat sich mit der vakuumassistierten Wundbehandlung (Negative Pressure Wound Therapy, NPWT) eine neue Therapieform entwickelt. Durch ihren Einsatz lassen sich die Heilung offener Wunden und die Einheilungsrate freier Hauttransplantate beim Kleintier signifikant verbessern. In diesem Überblick werden Wirkweise, Indikationen sowie Komplikationen der Negative Pressure Wound Therapy dargestellt.
How Cancers Escape Immune Destruction and Mechanisms of Action for the New Significantly Active Immune Therapies: Helping Nonimmunologists Decipher Recent Advances
Authors: Messerschmidt Jonathan L. , Prendergast George C. , Messerschmidt Gerald L. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
With the Food and Drug Administration and other worldwide regulatory authorities’ approval of ipilimumab (Yervoy), sipuleucel-T (Provenge), nivolumab (Opdivo), and pembrolizumab (Keytruda), oncologic therapy has now moved into noncancer cell targets within the immune system. For many nonimmunologists, understanding how these vastly different therapies work to improve survival, like no other therapies have in the past, is a challenge. The present report reviews the normal function of the immune system, how cancers escape the normal immune system, and how these new therapies improve immune system reactions against cancers.
Contemporary Management of Borderline Resectable and Locally Advanced Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Shaib Walid L. , Ip Andrew , Cardona Kenneth , Alese Olatunji B. , Maithel Shishir K. , Kooby David , Landry Jerome , El-Rayes Bassel F. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas remains a highly lethal disease, with less than 5% survival at 5 years. Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) and locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer (LAPC) account for approximately 30% of newly diagnosed cases of PC. The objective of BRPC therapy is to downstage the tumor to allow resection; the objective of LAPC therapy is to control disease and improve survival. There is no consensus on the definitions of BRPC and LAPC, which leads to major limitations in designing clinical trials and evaluating their results. A multimodality approach is always needed to ensure proper utilization and timing of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery in the management of this disease. Combination chemotherapy regimens (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and gemcitabine [FOLFIRINOX] and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel) have improved overall survival in metastatic disease. The role of combination chemotherapy regimens in BRPC and LAPC is an area of active investigation. There is no consensus on the dose, modality, and role of radiation therapy in the treatment of BRPC and LAPC. This article reviews the literature and highlights the areas of controversy regarding management of BRPC and LAPC.
Learning with colleagues through peer review: the Dutch experience
Authors: Mulders Greta , Uitslager Nanda 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The Verpleegkundigen & Verzorgenden Nederland Verpleegkundig Specialisten (V&VN VS), the Dutch professional organisation representing nurse practitioners, has introduced a requirement for advanced practice (registered) nurses (APRN) who wish to be eligible for reregistration within five years to participate in a peer review group for at least eight hours per year. In 2013, five APRNs caring for people with haemophilia and other bleeding disorders in the Netherlands formed a peer review group. As no framework was available, research was undertaken through reviewing literature and engaging in exploratory discussions within the profession in order to identify best practice in establishing such a group. The initial meeting of the new peer review group agreed possible methodologies and established meeting rules. After four meetings, some initial conclusions can now be drawn on the benefits of this specialised haemophilia peer review group. Overall, it is clear that participation in a forum in which knowledge and expertise are shared, contributes to the professionalism of the APRN.
Imágenes y lucha política en torno a 1808
Authors: Pérez Vejó Tomás 
Published: February 2016

<p>El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar los cambios que en el uso de las imágenes como arma de lucha política trajo la crisis de la Monarquía Católica en 1808. A partir del estudio de seis imágenes producidas en torno a esos años, desde un grabado de 1808 a una pintura de historia de 1814, sereconstruye y analiza un proceso de carácter marcadamente revolucionario pero en el que es también perceptible la continuidad de una tradición barroca todavía viva en el mundo hispánico en las primeras décadas del siglo XIX.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Trisomy 13: Changing Perspectives
Authors: Macias Gabriel , Riley Cheryl 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe diagnosis of trisomy 13 has been considered incompatible with life. Trisomy 13 is associated with a pattern of congenital anomalies and mental disabilities that make caring for these infants a challenge for both the family and health care professionals. The clinical management of trisomy 13 varies based on the organ systems involved. The current standard of care has been withholding intensive support and providing comfort care. Recent literature suggests there are improved outcomes in infants who receive intensive care at birth. In addition, case reports evaluating older children with trisomy 13 report that, although there are significant intellectual and psychomotor disabilities, these children do meet developmental milestones such as smiling in response to parents, sitting unassisted, and walking with a walker. This case review will include a discussion of the clinical course of an infant born with mosaic trisomy 13 where the parents requested intensive care.
A Prospective, Case‐Controlled Study Evaluating the Use of Enamel Matrix Derivative on Human Buccal Recession Defects: A Human Histologic Examination
Authors: McGuire Michael K. , Scheyer E. Todd , Schupbach Peter 
Published: February 2016

Background: Connective tissue grafts (CTGs) and coronally advanced flaps (CAFs) do not regenerate periodontal attachment apparatus when used to treat gingival recessions (GRs). Instead of generating new bone, cementum, and inserting periodontal ligament fibers, CTG+CAF repairs through a long epithelial junction and connective tissue attachment. Enamel matrix derivatives (EMDs) have demonstrated proof‐of‐principle that periodontal regeneration can be achieved, although data are limited.Methods: Three patients, each requiring extraction of four premolars before orthodontic treatment, were enrolled in a randomized, open‐label study. Two months after induction of Miller Class I and II GR, each patient received EMD+CAF for three teeth and CTG+CAF for one tooth for root coverage. Nine months after root coverage, all four premolars from each of the three patients were surgically extracted en bloc for histologic and microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) analysis, looking for evidence of periodontal regeneration. Standard clinical measurements, radiographs, and intraoral photographs were taken over prescribed time points.Results: Seven of the nine teeth treated with EMD+CAF demonstrated varying degrees of periodontal regeneration, detailed through histology with new bone, cementum, and inserting fibers. Micro‐CT corroborated these findings. None of the three teeth treated with CTG+CAF showed periodontal regeneration. Clinical measurements were comparable for both treatments. One instance of root resorption and ankylosis was noted with EMD+CAF.Conclusions: EMD+CAF continues to show histologic evidence of periodontal regeneration via human histology, this being the largest study (nine teeth) examining its effect when treating GR. The mechanism of action, ideal patient profile, and criteria leading to predictable regeneration are in need of further exploration.
The Relationship Between Large Banks Investment In Available-For-Sale Securities And The Interest Rate Risk Of Their Securities
Authors: Lifschutz Shilo 
Published: February 2016

This study presents an empirical examination of the relationship between large banks’ investment in available-for-sale securities (AFS) and the interest rate risk of their securities. It concentrates on the years, 1997-2000, when interest rates were relatively stable and regulatory capital was not affected by the unrealized holding gains and losses on AFS securities under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115. The two main findings of the study, having controlled for the interest risk position of the bank (exclusive of securities effect) and other risk management and economic considerations, are: (1) AFS securities’ ratio (to securities or to total assets) is positively related to the interest rate risk of securities; (2)a change in the AFS securities ratio is positively related to the change in the interest rate risk of securities. These findings may well prove to be significant to supervisors of banks considering they are in charge of monitoring the effect of fair value accounting regulations on the financial risk management in banks.
On An Ontological View Of Cloud Computing
Authors: Katzan, Jr. Harry 
Published: February 2016

Cloud computing is an architecture for providing computing service via the Internet. Use of the term “cloud” is a metaphor for the representation of the Internet used in most systems diagrams. In this case, the Internet is the transport mechanism between a client and a server located somewhere in cyberspace, as compared to having computer applications residing on an “on premises” computer. Adoption of cloud computing practically eliminates two ongoing problems in IT service provisioning: the upfront costs of acquiring computational resources and the time delay of building and deploying software applications. This paper gives an ontological view of the subject in order to serve as a point of reference in the discipline and to facilitate ongoing technical development.
Strategic Facilities Planning: A Focus On Health Care
Authors: Hoadley Ellen D. , Jorgensen Brian , Masters Craig , Tuma Nalli , Wulff Scott 
Published: February 2016

Turbulent market conditions have forced the health care sector to re-examine its business and operational practices. Health care has become increasingly complex as decisions and planning are reframed in light of the current lagging economy, an increased demand for services, new global competition, and impending legislation reform. The stress is felt most keenly within the nation’s hospitals and consortia of health care facilities. Facility planning decisions are no exception. Hospital administrators are abandoning the once commonplace rules governing aging infrastructure renovations. Instead, administrators are basing decisions within their respective strategic context and are attempting to align buildings, services, personnel, and technology to an overall plan that looks at markets, operations, and finances as resources for competitive advantage. This paper reviews the strategic facilities planning literature and applies those best practices which support this organizational alignment for health care. An application in the mid-Atlantic demonstrates that hospital facilities, by design, need to support the current and future needs of health care delivery systems, while dated structures impede industry advances. Health care infrastructure improvements must proactively address technological, regulatory, and financial changes facing the sector.
An Investigation Of Organizational Information Security Risk Analysis
Authors: Jourdan Zack , Rainer, Jr. R. Kelly , Marshall Thomas E. , Ford F. Nelson 
Published: February 2016

Despite a growing number and variety of information security threats, many organizations continue to neglect implementing information security policies and procedures. The likelihood that an organization’s information systems can fall victim to these threats is known as information systems risk (Straub & Welke, 1998). To combat these threats, an organization must undergo a rigorous process of self-analysis. To better understand the current state of this information security risk analysis (ISRA) process, this study deployed a questionnaire using both open-ended and closed ended questions administered to a group of information security professionals (N=32). The qualitative and quantitative results of this study show that organizations are beginning to conduct regularly scheduled ISRA processes. However, the results also show that organizations still have room for improvement to create idyllic ISRA processes.
Revisiting The Software Industry In Costa Rica: Achievements And Challenges
Authors: Bonilla Lizette Brenes Bonilla , Baraya Aristides R. , Budden Michael C. , Bermudez Ligia 
Published: February 2016

Costa Rica's economy like that of many developing and developed nations is largely service-based. The information and communication technologies (ICT) sector plays an increasingly key role in strengthening the service aspect of the economy. A large part of the ICT sector is the software sector. This study is an update of a review of that sector’s contributions conducted in 2008. In that effort, software producers’ characteristics and needs were investigated. The current article investigates the evolution of the sector and its competitive position in the business sector. The study is national in scope and represents a random sample of firms in the industry. The findings highlight the achievements and remaining challenges for the industry and provide public policy recommendations.
Novos Horizontes Epistemológicos para a Pesquisa Empí­rica em Direito: "Descentrar" o Sujeito, "Entrevistar" o Sistema e Dessubstancializar as Categorias Jurídicas
Authors: Garcia Margarida 
Published: February 2016

Tendo por pano de fundo o tema da relação entre o Direito e as Ciências Sociais, este artigo identifica três propostas epistemológicas aptas a abrir novos horizontes para a pesquisa empí­rica em Direito: "descentrar" o sujeito, "entrevistar" os sistemas por meio de entrevistas qualitativas voltadas à observação da comunicação, e dessubstancializar as categorias jurídicas. Estas propostas epistemológicas são apresentadas como condições necessárias à possibilidade de um olhar externo sobre o Direito. Elas são consideradas como favorá¡veis ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa multidisciplinar em Direito, pois, em certa medida, tanto o Direito como as Ciências Sociais podem se beneficiar dessas três estratégias. As Ciências Sociais devem"levar o direito a sério", suas pesquisas sobre o Direito devem ser realizadas "com o Direito". Por seu turno, o Direito pode aprimorar suas observações e seus modelos normativos internos por meio daintegração em suas premissas de decisão do conhecimento produzido pelas Ciências Sociais. A autora suscita a hipótese de que essa integração - uma realidade bastante concreta no universo judiciário, mas ainda pouco problematizada - tenderá a se desenvolver futuramente cada vez mais no mundo jurí­dico. As questões contemporâneas da sociedade (direitos religiosos, direitos de minorias, direitos das mulheres, direitos de povos autóctones, direito ao suicídio assistido, direito ao casamento entre casais do mesmo sexo, direitos reprodutivos, direitos dos imigrantes ilegais, etc.) são reguladas cada vez mais por figuras jurídicas caracterizadas por uma textura normativa aberta (valores fundamentais, direitos humanos, etc.) e as Ciências Sociais serão assim mais e mais consideradas como recursos cognitivos importantes para a determinação e a especificação jurídicas - serão essenciais portanto para aqueles que pensam e que dizem o Direito. Com efeito, visto que essas questões exigem dos atores judiciários criatividade e imaginação jurídicas, bem como abertura cognitiva e normativa diante das diferentes possibilidades de regulação e de concepção de diferentes "possíveis", as Ciências Sociais serão, neste contexto, elementos importantes de "determinação" dos possí­veis ainda não atualizados.