bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and screening for anaemia in mild to moderate Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in the United States, 2010–2014
Authors: Akhuemonkhan Eboselume , Parian Alyssa , Miller Kay , Hanauer Stephen , Hutfless Susan 
Published: July 2017

Background and aimsAnaemia affects up to 74% patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and is correlated with decreased quality of life. The European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) recommends at least annual screening for iron-deficiency anaemia. We aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia, frequency of anaemia screening and factors associated with anaemia in a retrospective study of mild to moderate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the USA.MethodsAdults with at least two outpatient encounters for IBD between 2010 through 2014 who contributed laboratory information were identified from MarketScan, a US commercial claims database. Hospitalised patients were considered severe and excluded from the study. WHO criteria defined anaemia. Iron-deficiency anaemia was evaluated using ferritin and C reactive protein.ResultsThe eligible population included 17 059 adults, 43.9% with CD. During the 2-year median follow-up period, 68.1% of patients with CD and 65.3% of patients with UC were screened for anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia among those screened was 32.4% in CD and 27.6% in UC. Among 669 persons with sufficient information, 79.2% of those with CD and 85.1% of those with UC had iron-deficiency anaemia. Factors associated with anaemia were similar for those with CD and UC and included ≥6 IBD-related outpatient visits, female sex, age and smoking.ConclusionsMore than 30% of patients with IBD in the USA were not screened for anaemia during a 2-year period. Approximately 82% of anaemic patients were iron deficient, although the absence of ferritin results limited the findings. Incorporation of screening for anaemia and, in particular, iron deficiency, should be a component of international treatment guidelines.
Online versus face-to-face pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bourne Simon , DeVos Ruth , North Malcolm , Chauhan Anoop , Green Ben , Brown Thomas , Cornelius Victoria , Wilkinson Tom 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo obtain evidence whether the online pulmonary rehabilitation(PR) programme ‘my-PR’ is non-inferior to a conventional face-to-face PR in improving physical performance and symptom scores in patients with COPD.DesignA two-arm parallel single-blind, randomised controlled trial.SettingThe online arm carried out pulmonary rehabilitation in their own homes and the face to face arm in a local rehabilitation facility.Participants90 patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), modified Medical Research Council score of 2 or greater referred for pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), randomised in a 2:1 ratio to online (n=64) or face-to-face PR (n=26). Participants unable to use an internet-enabled device at home were excluded.Main outcome measuresCoprimary outcomes were 6 min walk distance test and the COPD assessment test (CAT) score at completion of the programme.InterventionsA 6-week PR programme organised either as group sessions in a local rehabilitation facility, or online PR via log in and access to 'myPR’.ResultsThe adjusted mean difference for the 6 min walk test (6MWT) between groups for the intention-to-treat (ITT) population was 23.8 m with the lower 95% CI well above the non-inferiority threshold of −40.5 m at −4.5 m with an upper 95% CI of +52.2 m. This result was consistent in the per-protocol (PP) population with a mean adjusted difference of 15 m (−13.7 to 43.8). The CAT score difference in the ITT was −1.0 in favour of the online intervention with the upper 95% CI well below the non-inferiority threshold of 1.8 at 0.86 and the lower 95% CI of −2.9. The PP analysis was consistent with the ITT.ConclusionPR is an evidenced-based and guideline-mandated intervention for patients with COPD with functional limitation. A 6-week programme of online-supported PR was non-inferior to a conventional model delivered in face-to-face sessions in terms of effects on 6MWT distance, and symptom scores and was safe and well tolerated.
Identification of the delivery of cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp) using a cross-sectional sample from electronic health records and open-text information in a large UK-based mental health case register
Authors: Colling Craig , Evans Lauren , Broadbent Matthew , Chandran David , Craig Thomas J , Kolliakou Anna , Stewart Robert , Garety Philippa A 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveOur primary objective was to identify cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) delivery for people with psychosis (CBTp) using an automated method in a large electronic health record database. We also examined what proportion of service users with a diagnosis of psychosis were recorded as having received CBTp within their episode of care during defined time periods provided by early intervention or promoting recovery community services for people with psychosis, compared with published audits and whether demographic characteristics differentially predicted the receipt of CBTp.MethodsBoth free text using natural language processing (NLP) techniques and structured methods of identifying CBTp were combined and evaluated for positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity. Using inclusion criteria from two published audits, we identified anonymised cross-sectional samples of 2579 and 2308 service users respectively with a case note diagnosis of schizophrenia or psychosis for further analysis.ResultsThe method achieved PPV of 95% and sensitivity of 96%. Using the National Audit of Schizophrenia 2 criteria, 34.6% service users were identified as ever having received at least one session and 26.4% at least two sessions of CBTp; these are higher percentages than previously reported by manual audit of a sample from the same trust that returned 20.0%. In the fully adjusted analysis, CBTp receipt was significantly (p<0.05) more likely in younger patients, in white and other when compared with black ethnic groups and patients with a diagnosis of other schizophrenia spectrum and schizoaffective disorder when compared with schizophrenia.ConclusionsThe methods presented here provided a potential method for evaluating delivery of CBTp on a large scale, providing more scope for routine monitoring, cross-site comparisons and the promotion of equitable access.
The realities of partnership in person-centred care: a qualitative interview study with patients and professionals
Authors: Wolf Axel , Moore Lucy , Lydahl Doris , Naldemirci Öncel , Elam Mark , Britten Nicky 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveAlthough conceptual definitions of person-centred care (PCC) vary, most models value the involvement of patients through patient-professional partnerships. While this may increase patients’ sense of responsibility and control, research is needed to further understand how this partnership is created and perceived. This study aims to explore the realities of partnership as perceived by patients and health professionals in everyday PCC practice.DesignQualitative study employing a thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with professionals and patients.SettingFour internal medicine wards and two primary care centres in western Sweden.Participants16 health professionals based at hospital wards or primary care centres delivering person-centred care, and 20 patients admitted to one of the hospital wards.ResultsOur findings identified both informal and formal aspects of partnership. Informal aspects, emerging during the interaction between healthcare professionals and patients, without any prior guidelines or regulations, incorporated proximity and receptiveness of professionals and building a close connection and confidence. This epitomised a caring, respectful relationship congruent across accounts. Formal aspects, including structured ways of sustaining partnership were experienced differently. Professionals described collaborating with patients to encourage participation, capture personal goals, plan and document care. However, although patients felt listened to and informed, they were content to ask questions and felt less involved in care planning, documentation or exploring lifeworld goals. They commonly perceived participation as informed discussion and agreement, deferring to professional knowledge and expertise in the presence of an empathetic and trusting relationship.ConclusionsIn our study, patients appear to value a process of human connectedness above and beyond formalised aspects of documenting agreed goals and care planning. PCC increases patients’ confidence in professionals who are competent and able to make them feel safe and secure. Informal elements of partnership provide the conditions for communication and cooperation on which formal relations of partnership can be constructed.
Incidence of live-attenuated influenza vaccine administration beyond expiry date in children and adolescents aged 2–17 years in the UK: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Caspard Herve , Wise Robert P , Steffey Amy , Brody Robert S 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo estimate the proportion of live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) doses administered beyond expiry date in children and adolescents during influenza seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 in the UK.DesignThis was a retrospective cohort study. Two cohorts of children and adolescents who received LAIV from 1 September 2013 to 31 March 2014 and from 1 September 2014 to 31 March 2015 and aged 2–17 years at time of LAIV administration were identified from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).SettingMore than 500 primary care practices in the UK.PopulationProportions of vaccine doses administered beyond expiry date were assessed among 47 396 and 67 099 LAIV recipients with a documented vaccine lot identifier in influenza seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015, respectively.InterventionNone.Main outcome measureAdministrations of expired LAIV were ascertained by comparison of vaccination dates in CPRD records with expiration dates in AstraZeneca/MedImmune lot distribution data.ResultsOverall, 245 LAIV recipients, 80 in 2013–2014 and 165 in 2014–2015, received a dose after its expiration date, yielding proportion estimates of 1.7 per 1000 doses (95% CI 1.3 to 2.1) in season 2013–2014 and 2.5 per 1000 doses (95% CI 2.1 to 2.8) in season 2014–2015. This proportion increased above 1.0% after December during each season. Most (84% in influenza season 2013–2014 and 59% in influenza season 2014–2015) received an expired dose <30 days after its expiration date. The proportion was higher in London (relative risk 1.93 (95% CI 1.25 to 2.99)) and when the number of LAIV recipients registered in the practice was lower than the median number per practice (relative risk 2.69 (95% CI 1.99 to 3.62)).ConclusionsAdministration of expired LAIV doses occurs infrequently.
The magnitude of, and factors associated with, loss to follow-up among patients treated for sexually transmitted infections: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Tsadik Mache , Berhane Yemane , Worku Alemayehu , Terefe Wondwossen 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThe loss to follow-up (LTFU) among patients attending care for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Sub-Saharan Africa is a major barrier to achieving the goals of the STI prevention and control programme. The objective of this study was to investigate individual- and facility-level factors associated with LTFU among patients treated for STIs in Ethiopia.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted among patients attending care for STIs in selected facilities from January to June 2015 in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. LTFU was ascertained if a patient did not present in person to the same facility within 7 days of the initial contact. Multilevel logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with LTFU.ResultsOut of 1082 patients, 59.80% (647) were LTFU. The individual-level factors associated with LTFU included having multiple partners (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.89, 95% CI 1.74 to 4.80), being male (AOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.63 to 3.04), having poor knowledge about the means of STI transmission (AOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.82), having college level education (AOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.65), and low perceived stigma (AOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.82). High patient flow (AOR 3.06, 95% CI 1.30 to 7.18) and medium health index score (AOR 2.80, 95% CI 1.28 to 6.13) were facility-level factors associated with LTFU.ConclusionsImproving patient retention in STI follow-up care requires focused interventions targeting those who are more likely to be LTFU, particularly patients with multiple partners, male index cases and patients attending facilities with high patient flow.
Detection of markers predictive of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium from patients attending sexual health services in England
Authors: Pitt Rachel , Fifer Helen , Woodford Neil , Alexander Sarah 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesResistance to both macrolides and fluoroquinolones has been reported in Mycoplasma genitalium; however, due to limited diagnostics, studies are often small and confined to specific geographical areas. This study sought to determine the rate of predicted resistance in M. genitalium-positive specimens referred for diagnostic testing.MethodsSeventy-four M. genitalium-positive specimens, referred to the national reference laboratory (2010-2013) from 19 centres across England, were blinded and anonymised. Specimens were examined for markers predictive of resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones using PCR followed by sequence analysis of 23S rRNA gene, or gyrA and parC, respectively.Results23S rRNA gene PCR sequencing revealed that 82.4% (61/74) of specimens harboured a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with macrolide resistance. Differences were observed between the rates of predicted macrolide resistance in male (95.1% (58/61)) and female (23.1% (3/13)) patients (P = <0.001). By contrast, all specimens for which sequencing data were available (73/74) yielded wild-type gyrA sequences; and 58/61 (95.1%) had wild-type parC genes. Three specimens (3/61 4.9%) had SNPs in the parC gene associated with fluoroquinolone treatment failure, and all three also had predicted resistance to macrolides.ConclusionsEighty-two per cent and 4.9% of M. genitalium specimens had SNPs associated with macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance, respectively. Due to lack of widespread availability of testing for M. genitalium in the UK, this study sample was likely to be sourced from patients who may have already failed first-line macrolide therapy. Nevertheless, this study highlights the need for both greater access to M. genitalium diagnostics and genetic antimicrobial resistance testing.
Exposure-Response Analyses of Ramucirumab from Two Randomized, Phase III Trials of Second-line Treatment for Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Ohtsu Atsushi , Muro Kei , Van Cutsem Eric , Oh Sang Cheul , Bodoky György , Shimada Yasuhiro , Hironaka Shuichi , Ajani Jaffer A. , Tomasek Jiri , Safran Howard , Chandrawansa Kumari , Hsu Yanzhi , Heathman Michael , Khan Azhar , Ni Lan , Melemed Allen S. , Gao Ling , Ferry David , Fuchs Charles S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Ramucirumab is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody specific for the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. Ramucirumab, 8 mg/kg every 2 weeks, administered as monotherapy (REGARD) or in combination with paclitaxel (RAINBOW), was safe and effective in patients with previously treated advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer. We evaluated exposure–efficacy and exposure–safety relationships of ramucirumab from two randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trials. Sparse pharmacokinetic samples were collected, and a population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted to predict ramucirumab minimum trough concentration at steady state (Cmin,ss). Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the ramucirumab exposure (Cmin,ss)–efficacy relationship to overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate exposure–safety relationships. Analyses included 321 ramucirumab + paclitaxel and 335 placebo + paclitaxel patients from RAINBOW and 72 ramucirumab and 35 placebo patients from REGARD. Exposure–efficacy analysis showed ramucirumab Cmin,ss was a significant predictor of OS and PFS in both trials. Higher ramucirumab exposure was associated with longer OS and PFS. In RAINBOW, grade ≥3 hypertension, leukopenia, and neutropenia, but not febrile neutropenia, significantly correlated with Cmin,ss, with increased exposure leading to increased incidence. Exploratory exposure–response analyses suggest a positive relationship between efficacy and ramucirumab exposure with manageable toxicities at exposures generated from a dose of 8 mg/kg ramucirumab given every 2 weeks for patients with advanced gastric/GEJ cancer. These findings suggest an opportunity to further optimize benefit versus risk profiles of ramucirumab treatment in patients with gastric/GEJ cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2215–22. ©2017 AACR.
Development and methodology for the estimation of bisaprolol in pharmaceuticals
Authors: Logoyda L. S. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction. The number of drugs introduced into the pharmaceutical market is increasing every year. These drugs may be either new entities or partial structural modification of the existing one. The objective of any analytical measurement is to obtain consistent, reliable and accurate data. Thin layer chromatography, or TLC, is a method for analyzing mixtures by separating the compounds in the mixture. TLC can be used to help determine the number of components in a mixture, the identity of compounds, and the purity of a compound.Aim: Analysis of bisoprolol is described in Pharmacopeia but aim of our researches was to improve to more simple, selective, more accurate, precise, reliable, less expensive methods by TLC of bisoprolol in pharmaceuticals and for using this methods for analysis of their metabolites in next step of researches. Materials and Methods: The present study is assessed system solvents of bisoprolol for thin layer chromatography.Results and Discussion: Method of identification of bisoprolol in medicines by TLC has been developed. Established that the most optimal Rf observed using mobile phases: ammonia (25%)-propanol (30: 70). The detection limits of bisoprolol in this system is 0.4 mcg. We explored the validation characteristics - specificity and suitability of the chromatographic system that met, the eligibility criteria established by the SPU.Conclusion: We have been developed chromatographic method of identification of bisoprolol in pharmaceuticals. The proposed method is economical, simple and applicable to the analysis of pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Дослідження протигерпетичної активності похідних амінопропанолу-2.
Authors: Voloshchuk O. M. , Korotkiy Y. V. , Rybalko S. L. , Shirobokov V. P. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis are some of the main and often the only possible ways to effective control of viral infections. Therefore, the study of antiviral properties of new substances with the known chemical structure is one of the main ways to create new antiviral agents.The aim of the study – to research the antiherpes activity of new aminopropanol-2 derivatives against the herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigenic type 1, strain VC.Research Methods. Antiherpes activity was determined in 8 aminopropanol-2 derivatives: norbornyl containing substance (compound No. 51), substance with cyclic substituents in alkoxi group (compound No. 48), substances with alicyclic substituents in alkoxi group (compounds No. 46, 47, 49, 50, 52 and 53). Evaluation of antiherpes activity of the studied compounds was performed in vitro on cell culture VNK (growing culture of hamster kidney). Ability to reduce of virus infectious titer and chemotherapeutic index (HTI) of the studied compounds was determined.Results and Discussion. It is established that the compound No. 53 inhibits HSV-I reproduction in 2 lg ID50 at a concentration of 1.56 µg/ml. HTI of compound No. 53 is equal to 64, which describes it as an effective inhibitor of HSV-I reproduction. Some antiherpes action in compounds No. 46, 47 and 51 was identified also, their HTI were 8, 4 and 4 respectively. Substances No. 48, 49, 50 and 52 do not show the antiherpes action.Conclusions. Among all tested aminopropanol-2 derivatives the compound No. 53 with clear antiherpes properties was determined. Compound No. 53 belongs to the substances with alicyclic substituents in alkoxi group and has such chemical formula: 1-(2-methyl-3-butinox)-3-(2.2.6.6-tetramethyl piperidine)-2-propanol hydrochloride. Compound No. 53 as alicyclic substituent in alkoxy group contains 2-methyl-3-butene, and amine moiety of this substance contains the radical 2.2.6.6 – tetramethylpiperidine. The obtained results will be useful in establishing the natural relationships "structure-activity", also it can be used to create active compounds with certain characteristics.
Багатогранна постать Івана Яковича Горбачевського
Authors: Pavlyshyn H. A. , Kozak K. V. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Ivan Horbachevsky, native of the Ternopil region, is an outstanding figure in the Ukrainian history. Despite the fact that he had spent almost all his life in the foreign land, he was the faithful son of his Motherland. Ivan Horbachevsky was the first ethnic Ukrainian, who was appointed the health minister in the government of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The name of Ivan Horbachevsky was being forgotten for a long time inequitably, even though his figure has high historical importance not only forGalicia, but also for wholeUkraine. It should be underlined, that his name has the same significance for Ukrainians as the famous names of Ivan Franko and Solomia Krushelnytska. Taking into account Horbachevsky’s contibutions to our country, in 1992 Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine took the decision to give the name of this great scientist to the Ternopil Medical Institute. And in this year I. HorbachevskyTernopilStateMedicalUniversity celebrates its 60th anniversary.The aim of the study – to highlight scientific achievements and outline the main milestones in the life of such outstanding person, as Ivan Horbachevsky. This will be the invaluable gift for both present and future generations.Conclusions. The life of Ivan Horbachevsky could be an example for all of us, for all contemporaries, and his scientific contributions will be alive forever and will be continued in the numerous works of his followers. No doubt that every scientist and student of the institution should not only know and remember him, but also followed working and citizenship position of our great compatriot Ivan Horbachevsky.