bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mood Prediction System for Preventing Diseases Using Biological Information and Weather Information
Authors: KAJIWARA YUSUKE , NAKAMURA MUNEHIRO , KIMURA HARUHIKO , OYABU TAKASHI 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYPreventive medicine has attracted much attention due to increase of medical expenses in Japan. As a preventive measurement against diseases, this paper presents a system for predicting three types of moods namely, good, normal, and bad using biological and weather information. Specifically, we focus on analyzing factors for the predictions. Evaluation experiments demonstrate that the proposed system predicts the tomorrow's mood with 73% accuracy by learning biological information, weather information, and moods in the past with multiple classifiers. Moreover, we found that body fat, maximal pressure, and amount of insolation are important factors for the prediction. The evaluation experiments indicate that the proposed system is useful for the prevention of bipolar disorder and lifestyle diseases.
Development of Mechanical CBM System for Electromagnetically Actuated Vacuum Circuit Breaker
Authors: YANO TOMOTAKA , MATSUNAGA TOSHIHIRO , ARIOKA MASAHIRO , KOYAMA KENICHI , TAKEUCHI TOSHIE 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYA new mechanical CBM (condition‐based maintenance) system for an electromagnetically actuated vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) has been developed. This CBM function has a new monitoring method using analysis of the coil current profile of the actuator operation. The VCB has three sets of vacuum interrupters, insulating rods, contact pressure springs, and electromagnetic actuators. The electromagnetic actuators control each phase independently. We have clarified the variation in the actuator's current profile by the developed analytical method when the valve of friction, contact erosion, and driving capacitance change. We have established a diagnostic method for the mechanical condition using this current profile analysis. With this method, a new remote monitoring system of the mechanical condition using current monitors on the actuator's controller has been developed and mounted on VCB for cubicle‐type gas insulated switchgears rating from 7.2 kV to 84 kV. The maintenance for mechanical parts of VCB changes to the CBM system from the conventional TBM (time‐based maintenance) system using this monitoring system. The developed mechanical CBM system significantly reduces the life cycle cost including the labor cost of maintenance.
Nightjars, rabbits, and foxes interact on unpaved roads: spatial use of a secondary prey in a shared‐predator system
Authors: Camacho Carlos , Sáez‐Gómez Pedro , Potti Jaime , Fedriani José María 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLinear developments, such as roads and firebreaks, can increase encounter rates between predator and prey, which could affect predator–prey interactions and community dynamics. However, the extent to which prey responses at the interface between natural and anthropogenic habitats may be compared to those at the interface between natural habitats is unclear. Here, we used a shared‐predator system to investigate the spatial response of red‐necked nightjars (Caprimulgus ruficollis) to changing predation risk on roads, measured as the abundance of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and their primary prey (rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus). Because all three species coexist closely on unpaved roads in Doñana National Park (Spain), we predicted that nightjars would experience increased predation risk during periods of high fox and low rabbit abundances. Birds could then modify their space use at a broad scale by moving away from risky unpaved roads or, at a finer scale, by seeking foraging microsites facilitating escape from attacks. Between 2011 and 2012, mean rabbit abundance on roads increased by 50%, and fox abundance decreased by 80%, indicating a substantial decrease in predation risk for nightjars. Unexpectedly, nightjar occurrence on roads did not increase as a consequence of the decrease in fox predation risk. However, nightjars foraging on roads became less apprehensive in their use of linear strips of roadside cover, which is known to function as a physical barrier against fox attacks. Specifically, under high predation risk, most nightjars perched on the ground nearby (<15 cm) tall (>150 cm) vegetation, whereas when predation risk decreased, they shifted to more exposed microsites near shorter (<1 m) stands, but rarely close to cover (>45 cm). Nightjars' preference for areas of high predator abundance strongly suggests that flexible microhabitat selection allows them to manage the overall predation risk independently of predator abundance. Our results highlight the importance of linear developments in determining risk exposure and prey use of apparently dangerous habitats and thus may contribute to a better understanding of risky behaviors of prey.
Understanding the drivers ofSoutheastAsian biodiversity loss
Authors: Hughes Alice C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSoutheast Asia (SE Asia) is a known global hotspot of biodiversity and endemism, yet the region is also one of the most biotically threatened. Ecosystems across the region are threatened by an array of drivers, each of which increases the probability of extinction of species in a variety of ecosystems. These issues are symptomatic of the issues that face the global tropics; however, with around 4 billion people in the wider region and the associated pressures on biodiversity, this region may be under some of the greatest levels of biotic threat. Deforestation rates in SE Asia are some of the highest globally, additionally it has the highest rate of mining in the tropics, around the greatest number of hydropower dams under construction, and a consumption of species for traditional medicines which is a threat to biodiversity globally. In this review, the greatest threats to regional biodiversity in the SE Asian region are discussed. Tree‐plantations and deforestation represent one of the most imminent threats, and some countries have already lost over half their original forest cover (i.e., the Philippines, parts of Indonesia), with projections of as much as 98% loss for some regions in the coming decade. Hunting and trade represent a significant threat as demand stems not only for food, but also for medicine, for ornamentation, and as a status symbol. Mining represents a frequently overlooked threat, as the Asian region is one of the greatest exporters of limestone and various minerals globally, and the cost of this to biodiversity is not only through the direct loss of areas for mines, but also through the development of roads that further fragment the landscape, the leakage of heavy metals, and the destruction of limestone karsts, which represent global endemicity hotspots. Reservoir construction, wetland drainage, fires, pollution, invasive species, disease, and finally climate change are also considered. Once each issue has been discussed, the overall prognosis of regional biodiversity and priority actions to protect SE Asian biodiversity in the future is discussed.
Abiotic limitation and the C3 hypothesis: isotopic evidence from Gunnison's prairie dog during persistent drought
Authors: Hayes Charles L. , Talbot William A. , Wolf Blair O. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGunnison's prairie dog (Cynomys gunnisoni) is an herbivore that ranges from desert grasslands to high‐montane meadows and is limited by disease across much of its range. The importance of abiotic drivers to the population dynamics of the species is poorly known. We employed stable isotope analysis to investigate energy assimilation patterns as indicators of abiotic limitation in arid grassland and montane populations of C. gunnisoni during a multi‐year drought. Standard ellipse areas of plasma and red blood cell carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values, representing population‐level foraging niche widths, declined during years and seasons of drought stress at both study sites. Prairie dogs at the montane site, but not at the desert grassland site, maintained seasonal shifts in dietary niche width corresponding to periods of favorable growth conditions for the more nutritious C3 plants. Production of offspring was strongly and positively correlated with C3 resource use as indicated by δ13C values in metabolically active tissues (plasma and red blood cells), but not with δ13C values in adipose tissues used for long‐term energy storage, or with foraging niche widths. These findings demonstrate that assimilation of energy from C3 plants is associated with increased reproductive output and that drought conditions importantly constrain the resource base available to C. gunnisoni. The link between plant nutritional quality and demographic parameters highlights the role of abiotic regulation within this reportedly disease‐limited species.
Plant‐mycorrhizal interactions mediate plant community coexistence by altering resource demand
Authors: Jiang Jiang , Moore Jessica A. M. , Priyadarshi Anupam , Classen Aimée T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAs the diversity of plants increases in an ecosystem, so does resource competition for soil nutrients, a process that mycorrhizal fungi can mediate. The influence of mycorrhizal fungi on plant biodiversity likely depends on the strength of the symbiosis between the plant and fungi, the differential plant growth responses to mycorrhizal inoculation, and the transfer rate of nutrients from the fungus to plant. However, our current understanding of how nutrient‐plant‐mycorrhizal interactions influence plant coexistence is conceptual and thus lacks a unified quantitative framework. To quantify the conditions of plant coexistence mediated by mycorrhizal fungi, we developed a mechanistic resource competition model that explicitly included plant‐mycorrhizal symbioses. We found that plant‐mycorrhizal interactions shape plant coexistence patterns by creating a tradeoff in resource competition. Especially, a tradeoff in resource competition was caused by differential payback in the carbon resources that plants invested in the fungal symbiosis and/or by the stoichiometric constraints on plants that required additional, less‐beneficial, resources to sustain growth. Our results suggested that resource availability and the variation in plant‐mycorrhizal interactions act in concert to drive plant coexistence patterns. Applying our framework, future empirical studies should investigate plant‐mycorrhizal interactions under multiple levels of resource availability.
The present is the key to the past: linking regime shifts in kelp beds to the distribution of deep‐living sea urchins
Authors: Filbee‐Dexter Karen , Scheibling Robert E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUnderstanding processes that drive sudden shifts in ecosystem structure and function has become an important research focus for coastal management. In kelp bed ecosystems, regime shifts occur when high densities of sea urchins destructively graze kelp and create coralline algal barrens. While the importance of predation and disease in mediating shifts between kelp beds and barrens on shallow rocky reefs has been well documented, little is known about the role of deep‐living urchins in these alternative stable‐state dynamics. In this study, we test the hypothesis that deep‐living urchins along the central Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia move onshore and trigger shifts from kelp beds to barrens on shallow rocky reefs. We documented urchin distribution and abundance using tow‐camera surveys down to 140 m depth and spanning 140 km of coast and created a predictive species‐distribution model using these observations and spatial data on environmental factors that likely delineate suitable habitat for urchins. We used a random forest model to generate our predictions, which correctly classified 91% of observations into a positive or negative occurrence of urchins. Sea urchins predominantly occurred within 1.5 km of shore, in depressions and flat habitats between 40 and 85 m depth. We found that shallow regions where destructive grazing fronts have been documented over the past four decades were closer to deep‐living sea urchin habitats compared to regions that remained in a kelp bed state during the same period. This supports our prediction that deep‐living urchins play an important role in driving shallow regime shift dynamics, and indicates that their distribution can help identify areas of coast that are most vulnerable to a collapse to barrens.
Propagation Characteristics of kHz Band PLC Signal on MV–LV Distribution System
Authors: SUZUKI TADASHI 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYThe kHz band power line communication (PLC) is one of the convincing mediums of the communication system for smart meter reading. Data transmission between medium‐voltage (MV) and low‐voltage (LV) points to pass the transformer by PLC is interested. In this paper, the PLC signal propagation characteristics between points of MV at substation and LV at customer are calculated and analyzed. The results show that direct communication between points on MV distribution line and most LV customers is impossible due to large propagation losses at MV–LV transformer and on LV distribution line.
Development of Solar‐Pumped Lasers and Its Application
Authors: SAIKI TAKU , TANIGUCHI SEIJI , NAKAMURA KAZUHIRO , IIDA YUKIO 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYAn energy cycle using solar power and metals has been proposed. High repetitive laser pulses are generated by a solar‐pumped laser or a laser generated using solar power, and the laser pulses are irradiated to metal oxides in liquid. We can obtain reduced metal nanoparticles with this method, and solar power is effectively stored as chemical energy. We fabricated Li air fuel cells using sintered Iron or Aluminum nanopaste plates as negative electrodes. Electricity was successfully produced from these cells. The observed maximum output voltage of the Al paste Li air cell was 2.9 V when they were connected to a low load. The Fe or Al paste Li air cells are expected to become common power supplies with high‐energy density and high output power.
Serum albumin level and hospital mortality in acute non‐ischemic heart failure
Authors: Ancion Arnaud , Allepaerts Sophie , Oury Cécile , Gori Anne‐Stephan , Piérard Luc A. , Lancellotti Patrizio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimsHypoalbuminemia is common in heart failure (HF), especially in elderly patients. It is associated with an increased risk of death. The present study sought to examine the prognostic significance of serum albumin level in the prediction of hospital mortality in patients admitted for acute non‐ischemic HF.Methods and resultsWe examined the association between albumin and hospital mortality in a cohort of 546 patients admitted for acute non‐ischemic HF. None of the patients had infectious disease, severe arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation), required invasive ventilation, or presented with acute coronary syndrome or primary valvular disease. Thirty‐six patients (7%) died during the hospital stay. These patients were significantly older (78 ± 9 vs. 72 ± 12 years; P = 0.006), had higher heart rate (P < 0.0001), increased creatinine level (P = 0.01), lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures (P < 0.05), elevated leucocyte count (P = 0.001), and lower albumin levels (31.3 ± 5.6 g/L vs. 36.9 ± 4.1 g/L; P < 0.001). With multivariable analysis, age (P = 0.01), heart rate (P < 0.0003), diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01), leukocyte count (P = 0.009), and serum albumin level (P < 0.0001) emerged as independent predictors of hospital mortality. Hypoalbuminemia (<34 g/L) yielded the best sensitivity (78.8%) and specificity (75%) for predicting hospital death.ConclusionsSerum albumin level measured at admission can serve as a simple prognostic factor in acute non‐ischemic HF. Hypoalbuminemia is associated with increased risk of hospital mortality, especially in elderly patients.
Decisions and Authority
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis issue of the Hastings Center Report (January‐February 2017) features three articles exploring aspects of decision‐making for others. In the first two, the focus is on the limits of surrogate decision‐makers’ authority when the surrogates’ judgments about a patient's treatment conflict with the physicians’. If a physician decides that a patient will not benefit from CPR, for example, but the patient's surrogate insists on it, is the physician obliged to proceed with the procedure? Or can the physician, pointing to a duty to provide good care to the patient and not to cause the patient to suffer, get a do‐not‐resuscitate order for the patient—even in the face of the surrogate's objections? These are the questions that animate the first article, in which a group of authors report on a policy implemented at Massachusetts General Hospital to help doctors who face this dilemma.The second article, by physician Jeffrey Berger, flips the questions. If a physician decides that a patient's intractable suffering requires palliative sedation, may the surrogate prevent it anyway? Or can the physician, pointing to a duty to alleviate the suffering, administer palliative sedation even in the face of the surrogate's objections? Such circumstances, says Berger, show the need for conceptual work delineating the limits of surrogates’ authority and practical work on mechanisms for doing so—protecting patients and giving physicians a clear route to follow.
Conflating Capacity & Authority:Why We're Asking the Wrong Question in the Adolescent Decision‐Making Debate
Authors: Salter Erica K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhether adolescents should be allowed to make their own medical decisions has been a topic of discussion in bioethics for at least two decades now. Are adolescents sufficiently capacitated to make their own medical decisions? Is the mature‐minor doctrine, an uncommon legal exception to the rule of parental decision‐making authority, something we should expand or eliminate? Bioethicists have dealt with the curious liminality of adolescents—their being neither children nor adults—in a variety of ways. However, recently there has been a trend to rely heavily, and often exclusively, on emerging neuroscientific and psychological data to answer these questions. Using data from magnetic resonance imaging and functional MRI studies on the adolescent brain, authors have argued both that the adolescent brain isn't sufficiently mature to broadly confer capacity on this population and that the adolescent brain is sufficiently mature to assume adolescent capacity. Scholars then accept these data as sufficient for concluding that adolescents should or should not have decision‐making authority. Two critical mistakes are being made here. The first is the expectation that neuroscience or psychology is or will be able to answer all our questions about capacity. The second, and more concerning, mistake is the conflation of decision‐making capacity with decision‐making authority.
Childbearing Choices: What Helps, What Doesn't, and What You Thought You Knew
Authors: Mercurio Mark R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChildbearing is an increasingly complicated matter, which has evolved significantly over the past several decades. Treatment options for infertility have expanded. Prenatal testing and treatment have led to an evolution in obstetrical decision‐making, wherein the risks and benefits to the fetus and future child are better understood and more strongly considered in medical management of the pregnant woman. Obstetrics appears to be increasingly interventional; one in three babies in the United States is now born by cesarean section. Neonatal intensive care has markedly improved outcomes for premature babies. A pregnant woman may now be presented with many options— obstetrician or midwife, home or hospital delivery, choices among prenatal testing and monitoring, early induction of labor, cesarean delivery. Health care professionals face similar decisions with regard to what they recommend and the boundaries of safe and responsible care they should make available. Preterm Babies, Fetal Patients, and Childbearing Choices, by John D. Lantos and Diane S. Lauderdale, provides an excellent overview of the available information relevant to these questions.
Intra‐ and inter‐network functional alterations in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Peraza Luis R. , Nesbitt David , Lawson Rachael A. , Duncan Gordon W. , Yarnall Alison J. , Khoo Tien K. , Kaiser Marcus , Firbank Michael J. , O'Brien John T. , Barker Roger A. , Brooks David J. , Burn David J. , Taylor John‐Paul 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is prevalent in 15%–40% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients at diagnosis. In this investigation, we study brain intra‐ and inter‐network alterations in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) in recently diagnosed PD patients and characterise them as either cognitive normal (PD‐NC) or with MCI (PD‐MCI). Patients were divided into two groups, PD‐NC (N = 62) and PD‐MCI (N = 37) and for comparison, healthy controls (HC, N = 30) were also included. Intra‐ and inter‐network connectivity were investigated from participants’ rs‐fMRIs in 26 resting state networks (RSNs). Intra‐network differences were found between both patient groups and HCs for networks associated with motor control (motor cortex), spatial attention and visual perception. When comparing both PD‐NC and PD‐MCI, intra‐network alterations were found in RSNs related to attention, executive function and motor control (cerebellum). The inter‐network analysis revealed a hyper‐synchronisation between the basal ganglia network and the motor cortex in PD‐NC compared with HCs. When both patient groups were compared, intra‐network alterations in RSNs related to attention, motor control, visual perception and executive function were found. We also detected disease‐driven negative synchronisations and synchronisation shifts from positive to negative and vice versa in both patient groups compared with HCs. The hyper‐synchronisation between basal ganglia and motor cortical RSNs in PD and its synchronisation shift from negative to positive compared with HCs, suggest a compensatory response to basal dysfunction and altered basal‐cortical motor control in the resting state brain of PD patients. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1702–1715, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.