bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness facets, trait emotional intelligence, emotional distress, and multiple health behaviors: A serial two‐mediator model
Authors: Jacobs Ingo , Wollny Anna , Sim Chu‐Won , Horsch Antje 
Published: April 2016

In the present study, we tested a serial mindfulness facets‐trait emotional intelligence (TEI)‐emotional distress‐multiple health behaviors mediation model in a sample of N = 427 German‐speaking occupational therapists. The mindfulness facets‐TEI‐emotional distress section of the mediation model revealed partial mediation for the mindfulness facets Act with awareness (Act/Aware) and Accept without judgment (Accept); inconsistent mediation was found for the Describe facet. The serial two‐mediator model included three mediational pathways that may link each of the four mindfulness facets with multiple health behaviors. Eight out of 12 indirect effects reached significance and fully mediated the links between Act/Aware and Describe to multiple health behaviors; partial mediation was found for Accept. The mindfulness facet Observe was most relevant for multiple health behaviors, but its relation was not amenable to mediation. Implications of the findings will be discussed.
The anatomical, cellular and synaptic basis of motor atonia during rapid eye movement sleep
Authors: Arrigoni Elda , Chen Michael C. , Fuller Patrick M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a recurring part of the sleep–wake cycle characterized by fast, desynchronized rhythms in the electroencephalogram (EEG), hippocampal theta activity, rapid eye movements, autonomic activation and loss of postural muscle tone (atonia). The brain circuitry governing REM sleep is located in the pontine and medullary brainstem and includes ascending and descending projections that regulate the EEG and motor components of REM sleep. The descending signal for postural muscle atonia during REM sleep is thought to originate from glutamatergic neurons of the sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD), which in turn activate glycinergic pre‐motor neurons in the spinal cord and/or ventromedial medulla to inhibit motor neurons. Despite work over the past two decades on many neurotransmitter systems that regulate the SLD, gaps remain in our knowledge of the synaptic basis by which SLD REM neurons are regulated and in turn produce REM sleep atonia. Elucidating the anatomical, cellular and synaptic basis of REM sleep atonia control is a critical step for treating many sleep‐related disorders including obstructive sleep apnoea (apnea), REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and narcolepsy with cataplexy.
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Molecular and cellular neurocardiology: development, and cellular and molecular adaptations to heart disease
Authors: Habecker Beth A. , Anderson Mark E. , Birren Susan J. , Fukuda Keiichi , Herring Neil , Hoover Donald B. , Kanazawa Hideaki , Paterson David J. , Ripplinger Crystal M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe nervous system and cardiovascular system develop in concert and are functionally interconnected in both health and disease. This white paper focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie neural–cardiac interactions during development, during normal physiological function in the mature system, and during pathological remodelling in cardiovascular disease. The content on each subject was contributed by experts, and we hope that this will provide a useful resource for newcomers to neurocardiology as well as aficionados.
Carnosine and anserine homeostasis in skeletal muscle and heart is controlled by β‐alanine transamination
Authors: Blancquaert Laura , Baba Shahid P. , Kwiatkowski Sebastian , Stautemas Jan , Stegen Sanne , Barbaresi Silvia , Chung Weiliang , Boakye Adjoa A. , Hoetker J. David , Bhatnagar Aruni , Delanghe Joris , Vanheel Bert , Veiga‐da‐Cunha Maria , Derave Wim , Everaert Inge 
Published: April 2016

Key points
Using recombinant DNA technology, the present study provides the first strong and direct evidence indicating that β‐alanine is an efficient substrate for the mammalian transaminating enzymes 4‐aminobutyrate‐2‐oxoglutarate transaminase and alanine‐glyoxylate transaminase.
The concentration of carnosine and anserine in murine skeletal and heart muscle depends on circulating availability of β‐alanine, which is in turn controlled by degradation of β‐alanine in liver and kidney.
Chronic oral β‐alanine supplementation is a popular ergogenic strategy in sports because it can increase the intracellular carnosine concentration and subsequently improve the performance of high‐intensity exercises. The present study can partly explain why the β‐alanine supplementation protocol is so inefficient, by demonstrating that exogenous β‐alanine can be effectively routed toward oxidation.
AbstractThe metabolic fate of orally ingested β‐alanine is largely unknown. Chronic β‐alanine supplementation is becoming increasingly popular for improving high‐intensity exercise performance because it is the rate‐limiting precursor of the dipeptide carnosine (β‐alanyl‐l‐histidine) in muscle. However, only a small fraction (3–6%) of the ingested β‐alanine is used for carnosine synthesis. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the putative contribution of two β‐alanine transamination enzymes, namely 4‐aminobutyrate‐2‐oxoglutarate transaminase (GABA‐T) and alanine‐glyoxylate transaminase (AGXT2), to the homeostasis of carnosine and its methylated analogue anserine. We found that, when transfected into HEK293T cells, recombinant mouse and human GABA‐T and AGXT2 are able to transaminate β‐alanine efficiently. The reaction catalysed by GABA‐T is inhibited by vigabatrin, whereas both GABA‐T and AGXT2 activity is inhibited by aminooxyacetic acid (AOA). Both GABA‐T and AGXT2 are highly expressed in the mouse liver and kidney and the administration of the inhibitors effectively reduced their enzyme activity in liver (GABA‐T for vigabatrin; GABA‐T and AGXT2 for AOA). In vivo, injection of AOA in C57BL/6 mice placed on β‐alanine (0.1% w/v in drinking water) for 2 weeks lead to a 3‐fold increase in circulating β‐alanine levels and to significantly higher levels of carnosine and anserine in skeletal muscle and heart. By contrast, specific inhibition of GABA‐T by vigabatrin did not affect carnosine and anserine levels in either tissue. Collectively, these data demonstrate that homeostasis of carnosine and anserine in mammalian skeletal muscle and heart is controlled by circulating β‐alanine levels, which are suppressed by hepatic and renal β‐alanine transamination upon oral β‐alanine intake.
Die Reform der Informationsinfrastrukturen als Governance-Problem
Authors: Reuter Peter 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die von der Gemeinsamen Wissenschaftskonferenz, dem Wissenschaftsrat und der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft initiierte und im Koalitionsvertrag der Bundesregierung verankerte Reform der Informationsinfrastrukturen ist ein hochkomplexes Vorhaben, das nicht nur Strukturen und Strategien für eine kohärente Steuerung erfordert, sondern auch ein ungewöhnlich hohes Maß an Kooperations- und Reformbereitschaft bei einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Akteure voraussetzt. Ergebnisse und Verfahren aus der Governance-Forschung der letzten Jahrzehnte können wichtige Hinweise zur Gestaltung des Prozesses geben.
TG-DTA-FTIR analysis and isoconversional reaction profiles for thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation processes in black chokeberry (Aroniamelanocarpa)
Authors: Janković Bojan , Marinović-Cincović Milena , Janković Marija 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe thermal and thermo-oxidative processes in Aroniamelanocarpa (black chokeberry) were investigated using combined thermo-analytical (TG-DTA) and spectroscopic (FTIR) experimental techniques. Isoconversional analysis revealed that the process in an inert (argon) atmosphere was probably governed by chlorogenic acid degradation, where autocatalysis (described by the empirical Šesták–Berggren model) might occur due to water already present in the early stages of the process through hydrolysis. Thermal degradation is described by the intrinsic kinetic parameters, where the degradation rate increases proportionally with an increase in the heating rate. Under oxidative conditions, the process was found to be primarily driven by neochlorogenic acid degradation. The thermo-oxidative degradation of
Design for Elderly – A Meeting Point for Ethnography and Usability
Authors: Endter Cordula 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Ethnographic research methods are getting more and more popular in disciplines that have mainly been dominated by quantitative or experimental methodological approaches. Especially in technology-driven research, ethnography seems to enrich common approaches by investigating the use of technology in the everyday life of prospective users. By participating in and observing the users and their mundane activities, routines and rituals ethnography provides insights that can be integrated in the design process to improve the usability of the artifact. This article discusses the intersection of ethnography and usability by introducing ethnographic methods, discussing their application in the context of design for elderly and presenting results of an ethnographic case study in the field of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL).
UUX Method Selection
Authors: Fischer Holger , Kauer-Franz Michaela , Winter Dominique , Latt Stefan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The establishment of human-centered design within software development processes is still a challenge. Numerous methods exist that aim to increase the usability and user experience of an interactive system. Nevertheless, the selection of appropriate methods remains to be challenging, as there are multiple different factors that have a significant impact on the appropriateness of the methods in their context of use. The present article investigates current strategies of method selection based on a conference workshop with practitioners. The results show that usability and user experience professionals concentrate on five to seven well-known methods and will need more support to select and use further ones.
Formula for success: Multilevel modelling of Formula One Driver and Constructor performance, 1950–2014
Authors: Bell Andrew , Smith James , Sabel Clive E. , Jones Kelvyn 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper uses random-coefficient models and (a) finds rankings of who are the best formula 1 (F1) drivers of all time, conditional on team performance; (b) quantifies how much teams and drivers matter; and (c) quantifies how team and driver effects vary over time and under different racing conditions. The points scored by drivers in a race (standardised across seasons and Normalised) is used as the response variable in a cross-classified multilevel model that partitions variance into team, team-year and driver levels. These effects are then allowed to vary by year, track type and weather conditions using complex variance functions. Juan Manuel Fangio is found to be the greatest driver of all time. Team effects are shown to be more important than driver effects (and increasingly so over time), although their importance may be reduced in wet weather and on street tracks. A sensitivity analysis was undertaken with various forms of the dependent variable; this did not lead to substantively different conclusions. We argue that the approach can be applied more widely across the social sciences, to examine individual and team performance under changing conditions.
A decade of RAPID—Reflections on the development of an open source geoscience code
Authors: David Cédric H. , Famiglietti James S. , Yang Zong‐Liang , Habets Florence , Maidment David R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEarth science increasingly relies on computer‐based methods and many government agencies now require further sharing of the digital products they helped fund. Earth scientists, while often supportive of more transparency in the methods they develop, are concerned by this recent requirement and puzzled by its multiple implications. This paper therefore presents a reflection on the numerous aspects of sharing code and data in the general field of computer modeling of dynamic Earth processes. Our reflection is based on 10 years of development of an open source model called the Routing Application for Parallel Computation of Discharge (RAPID) that simulates the propagation of water flow waves in river networks. Three consecutive but distinct phases of the sharing process are highlighted here: opening, exposing, and consolidating. Each one of these phases is presented as an independent and tractable increment aligned with the various stages of code development and justified based on the size of the users community. Several aspects of digital scholarship are presented here including licenses, documentation, websites, citable code and data repositories, and testing. While the many existing services facilitate the sharing of digital research products, digital scholarship also raises community challenges related to technical training, self‐perceived inadequacy, community contribution, acknowledgment and performance assessment, and sustainable sharing.
Modeling centuries of estuarine morphodynamics in the Western Scheldt estuary
Authors: Dam G. , van der Wegen M. , Labeur R. J. , Roelvink D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe hindcast a 110 year period (1860–1970) of morphodynamic behavior of the Western Scheldt estuary by means of a 2‐D, high‐resolution, process‐based model and compare results to a historically unique bathymetric data set. Initially, the model skill decreases for a few decades. Against common perception, the model skill increases after that to become excellent after 110 years. We attribute this to the self‐organization of the morphological system which is reproduced correctly by the numerical model. On time scales exceeding decades, the interaction between the major tidal forcing and the confinement of the estuary overrules other uncertainties. Both measured and modeled bathymetries reflect a trend of decreasing energy dissipation, less morphodynamic activity, and thus a more stable morphology over time, albeit that the estuarine adaptation time is long (approximately centuries). Process‐based models applied in confined environments and under constant forcing conditions may perform well especially on long (greater than decades) time scales.
Soft X‐ray irradiance measured by the Solar Aspect Monitor on the Solar Dynamic Observatory Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment
Authors: Lin C. Y. , Bailey S. M. , Jones A. , Woodraska D. , Caspi A. , Woods T. N. , Eparvier F. G. , Wieman S. R. , Didkovsky L. V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Solar Aspect Monitor (SAM) is a pinhole camera on the Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory. SAM projects the solar disk onto the CCD through a metallic filter designed to allow only solar photons shortward of 7 nm to pass. Contamination from energetic particles and out‐of‐band irradiance is, however, significant in the SAM observations. We present a technique for isolating the 0.01–7 nm integrated irradiance from the SAM signal to produce the first results of broadband irradiance for the time period from May 2010 to May 2014. The results of this analysis agree with a similar data product from EVE's EUV SpectroPhotometer to within 25%. We compare our results with measurements from the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer Solar X‐ray Photometer and the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Solar EUV Experiment at similar levels of solar activity. We show that the full‐disk SAM broadband results compared well to the other measurements of the 0.01–7 nm irradiance. We also explore SAM's capability toward resolving spatial contribution from regions of solar disk in irradiance and demonstrate this feature with a case study of several strong flares that erupted from active regions on 11 March 2011.
O+ ion conic and plasma sheet dynamics observed by Van Allen Probe satellites during the 1 June 2013 magnetic storm
Authors: Burke W. J. , Erickson P. J. , Yang J. , Foster J. , Wygant J. , Reeves G. , Kletzing C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Van Allen Probe satellites were near apogee in the late evening local time sector during the 1 June 2013 magnetic storm's main phase. About an hour after crossing the ring current's “nose structure” into the plasma sheet, the satellites encountered a quasiperiodic sequence of 0.08–3 keV O+ ions. Pitch angle distributions of this population consistently peaked nearly antiparallel to the local magnetic field. We interpret this population as O+ conics originating in the northern ionosphere. Sequences began as fairly steady state conic fluxes with energies in the ~ 80 to 100 eV range. Over about a half hour buildup phase, O+ energies peaked near 1 keV. During subsequent release phases lasting ~ 20 min, O+ energies returned to low‐energy starting points. We argue these observations reflect repeated formations and dissolutions of downward, magnetically aligned electric fields (ε||) layers trapping O+ conics between mirror points within heating layers below and electrostatic barriers above. Nearly identical variations were observed at the locations of both satellites during 9 of these 13 conic cycles. Phase differences between cycles were observed at both spacecraft during the remaining events. Most “buildup” to “release” phase transitions coincided with AL index minima. However, in situ magnetometer measurements indicate only weak dipolarizations of tail‐like magnetic fields. The lack of field‐aligned reflected O+ and tail‐like magnetic fields suggest that both ionospheres may be active. However, Southern Hemisphere origin conics cannot be observed since they would be isotropized and accelerated during neutral sheet crossings.
Observations of the migrating semidiurnal and quaddiurnal tides from the RAIDS/NIRS instrument
Authors: Azeem Irfan , Walterscheid Richard L. , Crowley Geoff , Bishop Rebecca L. , Christensen Andrew B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper we analyze temperature data from the Near‐Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS) instrument on Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System experiment on the International Space Station and the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics satellite during June and July 2010 to investigate structures of the migrating semidiurnal (12 h) and quaddiurnal (6 h) tides in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Temperature measurements from the NIRS and SABER instruments allow us to examine the tides from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere. We find that the amplitude of the migrating 6 h tide grows from ~5 K near 100 km altitude to ~30 K near 130 km. The amplitudes of the tide at altitudes accessible by NIRS are much larger than those previously reported at lower altitudes from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder and the SABER instruments. The amplitude of the 12 h tide in the NIRS data shows two peaks in the lower thermosphere (between 95 and 130 km) with a maximum around 60 K occurring in the winter hemisphere near 20° latitude and a second maximum around 40 K occurring in the summer hemisphere near 30° latitude. The structure of the migrating terdiurnal (8 h) tide is also investigated in the NIRS data and shows increasing amplitude with altitude over a broad range of latitudes, roughly between 50°N and 30°S. Altitudinal variations seen in the 6, 8, and 12 h tides suggest an evolving mix of various Hough modes.
Chorus and chorus‐like emissions seen by the ionospheric satellite DEMETER
Authors: Parrot Michel , Santolík Ondřej , Nĕmec František 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA lot of different emissions have been detected by the low‐altitude satellite DEMETER (Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions), and the aim of this paper is to study extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves with elements drifting in frequency. It is shown that only some of them can be considered as usual chorus. These chorus elements are emitted in the equatorial plane, and their propagation analysis indicates that they are going downward at low altitudes in the ionosphere to be detected by the satellite. The study of one remarkable event recorded along the same orbit in both the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres on 8 May 2008 indicates that this propagation mechanism is reinforced at the location of the ionospheric trough, which corresponds to the plasmapause at higher altitudes. It has been observed that usual chorus elements at low frequencies are always in a frequency band which overlaps with a hiss band limited by a frequency cutoff close to the proton gyrofrequency. Other drifting elements can be attributed to emissions triggered by PLHR (power line harmonic radiation). It means that without a high‐resolution spectral analysis, chorus‐like elements triggered by PLHR can be wrongly considered as natural chorus. These drifting elements can also appear as filamentary structures emerging at the upper frequencies of a hiss band or quasiperiodic emissions. There are events where the elements even have certain similarities to quasiperiodic emissions. The difference between these elements and the chorus emissions will be emphasized.
Evolution of stress‐induced borehole breakout in inherently anisotropic rock: Insights from discrete element modeling
Authors: Duan K. , Kwok C. Y. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study is to better understand the mechanisms controlling the initiation, propagation, and ultimate pattern of borehole breakouts in shale formation when drilled parallel with and perpendicular to beddings. A two‐dimensional discrete element model is constructed to explicitly represent the microstructure of inherently anisotropic rocks by inserting a series of individual smooth joints into an assembly of bonded rigid discs. Both isotropic and anisotropic hollow square‐shaped samples are generated to represent the wellbores drilled perpendicular to and parallel with beddings at reduced scale. The isotropic model is validated by comparing the stress distribution around borehole wall and along X axis direction with analytical solutions. Effects of different factors including the particle size distribution, borehole diameter, far‐field stress anisotropy, and rock anisotropy are systematically evaluated on the stress distribution and borehole breakout propagation. Simulation results reveal that wider particle size distribution results in the local stress perturbations which cause localization of cracks. Reduction of borehole diameter significantly alters the crack failure from tensile to shear and raises the critical pressure. Rock anisotropy plays an important role on the stress state around wellbore which lead to the formation of preferred cracks under hydrostatic stress. Far‐field stress anisotropy plays a dominant role in the shape of borehole breakout when drilled perpendicular to beddings while a secondary role when drilled parallel with beddings. Results from this study can provide fundamental insights on the underlying particle‐scale mechanisms for previous findings in laboratory and field on borehole stability in anisotropic rock.