bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volumetric variations of Glacier de Sarennes, French Alps, during the last two centuries
Authors: Valla François , Piedallu Christian 
Published: September 2017

Glacier de Sarennes, located in the heart of the French Alps, has been observed closely since 1906 and regularly measured (snow accumulation, ablation and mass balance) since 1948. Several publications have stemmed from this research, such as the 1906 and 1958 glaciological maps and the 1981 and 1991 photogrammetric analyses. In 1992, a field radar campaign determined the ice thickness and allowed the drawing of the bedrock map with reasonable accuracy. The Little Ice Age stage was reconstructed with the bedrock tracks, in 1995.The above-mentioned documents were digitized, and the computer program Arc-Info permitted the calculation of the successive volume stages occupied by the glacier from 1850 to 1991. Cross-sections and slope profiles illustrate the evolution of the thickness of Glacier de Sarennes during the last 150 years. All of these results, consistent with the variation of the mass balance observed or estimated, show the main conclusion: compared with today, the glacier was about four times more voluminous 90 years ago (i.e. it has lost three-quarters of its ice volume) and five times bigger one and a half centuries ago.
The reaction of mountain glaciers to climatic change under continental conditions
Authors: Kunakhovitch M. G. , Sokalskaya A. M. 
Published: September 2017

Data on the distribution of accumulation with elevation were used to calculate ablation, internal accumulation, annual mass balance and glacier runoff for the Tien Shan glaciers with a total area of about 15 500 km2. The altitudinal profile of normalized ablation is approximated by an exponential curve. Mass-balance components and glacier runoff are calculated for the whole possible range of glacier equilibrium-line positions in the major river and lake basins of the Tien Shan.For steady state it was found that the equilibrium line rises from 3600 m in western areas to 4400 m in the east, whilst the accumulation area ratio and glacier runoff increase eastward from 63% to 71%, and from 600 to 1200 mm, respectively. Losses of meltwater runoff for internal accumulation average 7% (5–11%).In abnormally warm years, mass balance may reach –2300 mm w. e. in the west and –855 mm in the east and in the internal Tien Shan (Khan Tengry massif). Glacier runoff volume in those years has been estimated at 40 km3 year–1, which is 2.5 times as large as for the steady state.
Passive microwave measurements of tundra and taiga snow covers in Alaska, U.S.A.
Authors: Sturm Matthew , Grenfell Thomas C. , Perovich Donald K. 
Published: September 2017

The microwave emissivity of two snow covers was measured in Alaska in March, 1990. Observations were made on taiga snow near Fairbanks that was 0.83 m thick with a 0.55 m thick basal layer of depth hoar. Other measurements were made on the tundra snow cover at Imnaviat Creek north of the Brooks Range which was 0.27 to 0.64 m thick and consisted of two or more wind slabs overlying a depth hoar layer 0.14 to 0.26 m thick. Density, crystal structure, and grain size were similar in tundra and taiga depth hoar layers.Emissivity was measured at 18.7 and 37 GHz using radiometers mounted on a 1.5 m tall bipod. Measurements were made on undisturbed snow, and then several snow layers were removed and additional measurements were made. This sequence was repeated until all snow had been removed. Effective emissivity values for the full snow depth ranged from 0.6 (37 GHz, H-pol) to 0.95 (18.7 GHz, V-pol) and were similar for both taiga and tundra snow covers. For both snow covers, there was a marked reduction in the effective emissivity (eeff) from that of the underlying ground with a maximum reduction of about 30%. All of the reduction was found to occur within the depth hoar layer. Maximum reduction in eeff could be caused by a depth hoar layer 0.3 m thick. Overlying wind slab or new snow were nearly “invisible”, increasing the effective emissivity only by a small amount due to self-emittance. Thus, it was difficult to distinguish the two different snow covers on the basis of their emissivity, since both contained 0.3 m of depth hoar or more.
Polythermal modelling of steady states of the Antarctic ice sheet in comparison with the real world
Authors: Hansen I. , Greve R. 
Published: September 2017

An approach to simulate the present Antarctic ice sheet with reaped to its thermomechanical behaviour and the resulting features is made with the three-dimensional polythermal ice-sheet model designed by Greve and Hutter. It treats zones of cold and temperate ice as different materials with their own properties and dynamics. This is important because an underlying layer of temperate ice can influence the ice sheet as a whole, e.g. the cold ice may slide upon the less viscous binary ice water mixture.Measurements indicate that the geothermal heat flux below the Antarctic ice sheet appears to be remarkably higher than the standard value of 42 m W m−2 that is usually applied for Precambrian shields in ice-sheet modelling. Since the extent of temperate ice at the base is highly dependent on this heat input from the lithosphere, an adequate choice is crucial for realistic simulations. We shall present a series of steady-state results with varied geothermal heat flux and demonstrate that the real ice-sheet topography can be reproduced fairly well with a value in the range 50–60 m W m−2. Thus, the physical parameters of ice (especially the enhancement factor in Glen’s flow law) as used by Greve (1995) for polythermal Greenland ice-sheet simulations can be adopted without any change. The remaining disagreements may he explained by the neglected influence of the ice shelves, the rather coarse horizontal resolution (100 km), the steady-state assumption and possible shortcomings in the parameterization of the surface mass balance.
A 1200 year record of accumulation from northern Greenland
Authors: Friedmann Arne , Moore John C. , Thorsteinsson Thorsteinn , Kipfstuhl Josef , Fischer Hubertus 
Published: September 2017

We present the first detailed study of regional and secular changes in accumulation rate from northern Greenland. Four 100–150 m ice cores from this previously little investigated region have been dielectrically profiled and a good chronology for all four ice cores established by modelling the density profiles and identifying volcanic peaks in the records. This made it possible to calculate the accumulation rates of each core. The current accumulation rates show that there is a large region of low accumulation rate to the northeast of central Greenland with drops in accumulation rate of 25% 150 km, and 50% 300 km from Summit.Relatively large variations in accumulation rate over time are seen in all the cores. We have compared the resulting accumulation-rate record, which should be related to changes in local air temperature over northern Greenland, with Scandinavian tree-ring records and have interpreted the data as showing an early Medieval Warm Epoch, but no pronounced “Little Ice Age” and no unequivocal greenhouse warming effect as yet in northern Greenland.
Arctic and Antarctic precipitation simulations produced by the NCAR community climate models
Authors: Bromwich David H. , Chen Biao , Tzeng Ren-Yow 
Published: September 2017

Precipitation predictions from globai-climate models (GCMs) for the ice-covered Arctic Ocean and the ice sheets of Antarctica are among the most important aspects of the inferred response of the polar areas to climate change. It is generally recognized that the atmospheric hydrologic cycle, which includes precipitation as a key part, is one of the components of the climate system that GCMs do not handle particularly well.The present-day atmospheric-moisture budget poleward of 70° latitude in both hemispheres, as represented by two versions of the NCAR (U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research) community climate model (CCM1 and CCM2), is compared with observational analyses. The quantities examined on the seasonal and annual timescales are precipitation, evaporation/sublimation and atmospheric poleward moisture transport. The results are discussed in terms of the physiographic and climatic characteristics of both polar regions and how the particular models handle moisture transport: CCM1 uses the positive-moisture fixer and CCM2 the semi- Lagrangian transport. A particularly important test both for models and for observations is the degree to which the independently determined moisture-budget quantities actually balance. Deficiencies of both observations and models are discussed.
Preliminary Results from an Instrumented Iceberg in the Antarctic
Authors: Kristensen Monica , Orheim Olav 
Published: September 2017

A data collection platform was placed near the centre of a 950 m x 800 m near-rectangular iceberg in the Weddell Sea on 4 February 1979. Meteorological conditions and the dynamic behaviour of the iceberg were recorded for every three hours over a one-year period. The following parameters were measured: barometric pressure, wind speed and direction, air and snow temperatures, and iceberg heading, tilt, and strain. Platform elevation was 35 m a.s.l. corresponding to an iceberg thickness of about 210 m. The platform was deployed at lat. 70°5'S., long. 20°3'W, Figure 1 shows the iceberg drift and sea-ice conditions between 4 February and 4 May 1979.Fig. 1.Drift track of the iceberg for the period 4 February to 4 May 1979. The berg was surrounded by pack ice from about 6 March.The tilt sensor was a Singer-Kearfott bubble-type two-axis electrolytic vertical sensing element mounted on a levelling platform. This was fixed on a 2.2 m long, 0.16 m diameter white-painted tube, which was tightly placed in a vertical drill hole in the firn, and frozen in by the addition of water (firn temperature was -5°C). The tilt sensor was level with the snow surface, and aligned so that tilt was measured along and across the main axis of the iceberg. The range of the tilt sensor was ±4.4 x 10-3 rad with a resolution of 3.7 x 10-5 rad (Bø and others 1979). The strain-meter consisted of a 1 m invar rod fixed at the passive end of the instrument to a mounting block and plate, and at the active end to the core of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), The LVDT body was mounted in a cage connected to a rezeroing system. The strainmeter was placed in a 1.1 m deep pit and fixed to vertical wooden posts placed 2 m deeper and frozen in. The range of the strainmeter was 1.2 x 10-3 and the resolution 10-7 (Bø and others 1979).Tilt and strain were sampled 20 times at intervals of 6 sec. This measuring sequence was repeated every three hours. The data were stored and transmitted over the TIROS-N/NOAA satellite, which provided approximately 13 passes per day for transmission of data. Eight of these gave the location of the iceberg. Analysis has been carried out of the tilt and strain data from the instrumented iceberg for the period 4 Fébruary to 4 May 1979.
Antihypertensive effect of piperitenone oxide on spontaneously hypertensive rat by regulating calcium balance and reducing endothelin-1 secretion
Authors: Lan Wei , Zhang Hong Ping , Wang Ying , Jiang Min , Li Qian , An Dongqing 
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive mecha-nisms of piperitenone oxide in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Compared to control SHR, piperitenone oxide reduced the systolic blood pressure and serum endothelium-1 (ET-1). The nitric oxide (NO) production and ET-1 secretion were significantly inhibited in the noradrenaline-exposed bovine aortic endothelial cells. Piperitenone oxide showed endothelium-independent but concentration-dependent relaxation of the artery rings. The responsible mechanisms appear to be related to the modulation of ET-1 and NO levels. The vasorelaxant effect of piperitenone oxide is independent of endothelium-derived mediators, which is associated with interfering intracellular calcium homeostasis by blocking Ca2+ influx, as well as intracellular Ca2+ release.
Video Clip of Methodology:
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EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF GARLIC ON FEED CONVERSION RATIO, CARCASS PHYSIOGNOMIES AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN BROILERS
Authors: Islam M. F. , Haque M. N. , Parvin A. , Islam M. N. , Alam M. N. , Sikder M. H. 
Published: September 2017

One of the widespread spices is garlic which consumed by people of different parts of the world but its valuable growth promoting effect is not sufficiently studied in poultry. Growth promoting effect of garlic in broiler chickens was studied together with its carcass characteristics and blood parameters. Broilers were grouped into four: A (1%), B (2%), C (positive control) and D (negative control). Aqueous extract of garlic (1% and 2%) was prepared by extraction and were administered with drinking water. A group (1%) shows best performance with regards to body weight gain rather than B (2%), positive and negative control. At the end of experiment (35th day), in A group, the live body weight, dressed weight, feed conversion ratio, liver, gizzard, heart, spleen, and pancreas were 1833.2±2.1g (P<0.05), 1229.7±1.9g (P<0.05), 1.63(P<0.05), 47.13±0.4g, 26.15±0.7g, 9.71±1.8g, 2.21±0.2g, 2.27±0.1g respectively. The mean Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and Packed Cell volume (PCV) were 2.9± 0.1million/cm3,7.5g ± 0.2g, and 25.8 ± 0.6%, respectively. It is recommended that 1% aqueous extraction of garlic shows better growth and improved carcass qualities in broilers.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF CLINICAL DISEASES AND CONDITIONS OF PET ANIMALS AT CHITTAGONG CITY AREA, BANGLADESH
Authors: Yadav U. , Zuhra F. T. , Rahman M. A. , Ahmed M. S. 
Published: September 2017

This study was conducted to estimate the proportional prevalence of clinical diseases and conditions in pet animals (dog, cat, and rabbit) attended at S. A. Quaderi Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 388 cases of different clinical diseases and conditions were recorded during the study period from October 2016 toJanuary 2017. Among them the overall proportional prevalence of clinical diseases and conditions in dog, cat and rabbit were 44.32%, 34.28% and 21.39% respectively. The medicinal case comprises the highest percentage of diseases as 79.07% and 66.92% in dog and cat, respectively. Among the medicinal cases parasitic diseases were most frequently encountered both in dog (24.42%) and cat (23.31%). Whereas, prevalence of surgical cases were 16.28% in dog and 31.58% in cat and gynecological cases were 4.65% in dog and 1.50% in cat. In rabbit, prevalence of traumatic injuries and fractures were 16.87% followed by mange 12.06%. The parasitic cases were highest in all of the clinical diseases and conditions. So, proper prevention and therapeutic management should be taken to reduce the prevalence of parasitic diseases of pet animals. Immunoprophylaxis or vaccination and hygienic management should be performed to curb the infectious diseases. Further extensive epidemiologic, laboratory or molecular studies are also needed for the appropriate prevention and control measures of diseases and conditions of pet animals in study area.
L’inquiétante étrangeté et l’effrayante angoisse du traducteur israélien face au roman palestinien
Authors: Agsous Sadia 
Published: September 2017

La traduction entre les langues arabe et hébraïque, et plus particulièrement, la traduction de la littérature arabe-palestinienne en hébreu, s’appuie sur des initiatives individuelles engagées par des Israéliens et des Palestiniens pour se présenter sous forme de résistance culturelle (Lerer, 2012). Cet article aborde la traduction vers l’hébreu de Yehouda Shenhav Shahrabani (1952-) du roman de l’écrivain palestinien Salman Natour (1949-2016) Zakira (Mémoire). Il s’agit, à partir de ce transfert entre langue minoritaire vers une langue hégémonique, et depuis la catégorie freudienne de « l’inquiétante étrangeté » (Das Unheimliche), d’aborder l’effrayante angoisse et la mélancolie du traducteur nées de sa rencontre avec l’histoire et la langue de l’autre. Dans cette relation Natour-Shahrabani, l’Israélien confronte dans le texte source la narration palestinienne et le texte hébraïque cible (modifié) fait effet miroir, reflète son moi et renvoie une histoire dérangeante, la sienne.
Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy Owing to Liver Cirrhosis: Prevalence and Relation with Severity of Gastropathy
Authors: Puri Shekhar , Jain Mukesh , Narayan Kumar Shwetanshu , Pandey Sudhakar , Nijhawan Sandeep 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen. Its role in the pathogenesis of portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is debated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of this infection in patients with portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis and its relation with severity of gastropathy. Patients and Methods: Sixty consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled in the study. All patients were subjected to an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE), and rapid urease testing for H. pylori was performed. The diagnosis and severity of PHG was evaluated on UGIE. ChildαTurcotteαPugh (CTP) and model for endαstage liver disease (MELD) scores were calculated to assess the severity of liver cirrhosis. Results: H. pylori infection was reported in 33 patients with overall prevalence 55%. The presence of H. pylori was observed in 26 (67%) cirrhotic patients with PHG compared to 7 (33%) cirrhotic patients without PHG. The risk estimate showed a significant association between H. pylori and PHG in cirrhotic patients (P = 0.0133, odds ratio [OR]: 4.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.298–12.325). Out of the 26 patients with PHG and H. pylori infection, 17 had severe PHG (65.3%) and 9 had mild PHG (34.6%) whereas 4 patients had severe PHG (30.8%) and 9 had mild PHG (69.2%%) in the group of H. pyloriαnegative patients. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.04, OR: 4.25, 95% CI: 1.0188–17.729). Of the 39 patients with PHG, 21 (53.85%) had severe PHG and 18 (46.15%) had mild PHG. No significant relation was found between H. pylori infection and severity of liver cirrhosis as regards CTP score (P = 0.76) and MELD score (P = 0.56). Conclusion: Our results showed a significant association between H. pylori infection and the occurrence and also the severity of gastropathy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Yet, the severity of liver cirrhosis itself did not correlate with H. pylori or the severity of gastropathy.
Endoscopic Resection of a Giant Pedunculated Leiomyoma of the Sigmoid Colon
Authors: Andrisani Gianluca , Pizzicannella Margherita , Taffon Chiara , Di Matteo Francesco Maria 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor and may occur throughout the entire digestive tract, more frequently in the stomach, and small intestine, but is rarely seen in large bowel. Furthermore, a colonic giant pedunculated leiomyoma is very rare. The traditional management option for a colonic leiomyoma is surgical resection. However, the endoloop‑assisted polypectomy could be the treatment of choice even for very large lesions.
Intraductal Ultrasonography in Pancreatobiliary Diseases
Authors: Bansal Rinkesh Kumar , Choudhary Narendra S. , Puri Rajesh , Sharma Zubin , Patle Saurabh , Patil Gaurav Kumar 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIntraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) utilizes probe catheter and operates at a higher frequency (12–30 MHz). It can be passed down the biopsy channel of a side‑view endoscope during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and it provides real‑time, high‑quality imaging of pancreatobiliary ducts and the surrounding structures. IDUS has been used in defining choledocholithiasis, evaluating biliary as well as pancreatic strictures or thickening, and local staging of tumor. We shall discuss the utility of IDUS in the current review.
Isolated Tuberculosis of Patella in a Child: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Dharmshaktu Ganesh S 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
The patella is an uncommon site for skeletal tuberculosis. Its incidence is limited to a few anecdotal case reports or series in the literature. The presence of this clinical entity in the pediatric age group is even rarer. A high index of suspicion and early clinicoradiological diagnosis are the mainstay of treatment coupled with compliant antitubercular treatment. The effective management also mitigates its spread to whole of the knee joint and subsequent arthrosis. A rare case of patella tuberculosis with effective management and good functional outcome in a 9-year-old male child is presented here with relevant details.
How to cite this article
Dharmshaktu GS, Singh P. Isolated Tuberculosis of Patella in a Child: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(2):101-103.
Food and the Self
Authors: de Solier Isabelle 
Published: September 2017

We often hear that selves are no longer formed through producing material things at work, but by consuming them in leisure, leading to ‘meaningless’ modern lives. This important book reveals the cultural shift to be more complex, demonstrating how people in postindustrial societies strive to form meaningful and moral selves through both the consumption and production of material culture in leisure.
Focusing on the material culture of food, the book explores these theoretical questions through an ethnography of those individuals for whom food is central to their self: ‘foodies'. It examines what foodies do, and why they do it, through an in-depth study of their lived experiences. The book uncovers how food offers a means of shaping the self not as a consumer but as an amateur who engages in both the production and consumption of material culture and adopts a professional approach which reveals the new moralities of productive leisure in self-formation. The chapters examine a variety of practices, from fine dining and shopping to cooking and blogging, and include rare data on how people use media such as cookbooks, food television, and digital food media in their everyday life.
This book is ideal for students, scholars, and anyone interested in the meaning of food in modern life.
Bite Me
Authors: Parasecoli Fabio 
Published: September 2017

Food is not only something we eat, it is something we use to define ourselves. Ingestion and incorporation are central to our connection with the world outside our bodies. Food’s powerful social, economic, political and symbolic roles cannot be ignored – what we eat is a marker of power, cultural capital, class, ethnic and racial identity.
Bite Me considers the ways in which popular culture reveals our relationship with food and our own bodies and how these have become an arena for political and ideological battles. Drawing on an extraordinary range of material – films, books, comics, songs, music videos, websites, slang, performances, advertising and mass-produced objects – Bite Me invites the reader to take a fresh look at today’s products and practices to see how much food shapes our lives, perceptions and identities.