bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELEASE HISTORY AND TRANSPORT PARAMETERS OF RELATIVISTIC SOLAR ELECTRONS INFERRED FROM NEAR-THE-SUN IN SITU OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Agueda N. , Lario D. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We study four consecutive 300–800 keV electron events observed on 1980 May 28 by Helios-1, when the spacecraft was located at 0.31 au from the Sun. We use two different techniques to extract the release time history of electrons at the Sun: (1) a data-driven method based on the assumption that particles conserve their magnetic moment as they propagate between the Sun and the spacecraft and (2) an inversion method that utilizes particle transport simulation results. Both methods make use of the particle angular distributions measured relative to the local direction of the magnetic field. The general characteristics of the release time profiles obtained by these two techniques are similar, especially during their rising phases. We find indications that the strength of the interplanetary scattering varies with the size of the solar parent event, suggesting that scattering processes are not necessarily an inherent property of the medium but are related to the amount of released particles at the Sun. We use the inferred release profiles to compute the expected intensities at 1 au. In contrast to simultaneous near-Earth observations by the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform (IMP-8), our simulations predict the observation of four separate events at 1 au. Processes that could contribute to the observation of one single time-extended event at 1 au include (1) distinct magnetic connections of the spacecraft to the particle sources, (2) the spatio-temporal evolution of the particle sources, and (3) different particle transport conditions, including a variation of

with radial distance and/or heliolongitude, as well as the possibility that electrons reached IMP-8 by diffusion perpendicular to the interplanetary magnetic field.
Effect of Antiviral Therapy for HCV on Lipid Levels
Authors: Mauss Stefan , Berger Florian , Wehmeyer Malte H , Ingiliz Patrick , Hueppe Dietrich , Lutz Thomas , Simon Karl G , Schewe Knud , Rockstroh Juergen K , Baumgarten Axel , Christensen Stefan 
Published: September 2016

Background HCV has complex interactions with human lipid metabolism leading to down regulation of cholesterol levels. Interferon (IFN) therapy has been shown to decrease cholesterol even further. With the availability of second-generation direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) the effect of suppressing and eliminating HCV on lipid metabolism warrants reevaluation. Methods Prospective German multicentre cohort on HCV- and HIV–HCV-infected patients treated with direct-antiviral agents (GECCO). Lipids were assessed at baseline, during and after therapy. Wilcoxon test corrected for multiple testing was used. Results For the analysis, 520 patients with chronic hepatitis C were available. Patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated as follows: sofosbuvir (SOF)/pegylated IFN (PEG-IFN)/ribavirin (RBV; HCV=34, HIV–HCV=36), SOF/ RBV (HCV=47, HIV–HCV=16), SOF/simeprevir (HCV=9, HCV–HIV=2), SOF/daclatasvir +/- RBV (HCV=27, HIV–HCV=47), SOF/ledipasvir +/- RBV (HCV=147, HCV–HIV=100) and ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir +/-dasabuvir +/- RBV (2D, HCV=2, HCV–HIV=6; 3D, HCV=39, HCV–HIV=8). On treatment there was a statistically significant increase in total cholesterol for any IFN-free DAA regimen, which was maintained after end of therapy. Changes of total cholesterol were driven by changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol remained unchanged. In contrast, total cholesterol decreased on SOF/PEG-IFN/RBV and increased after end of therapy above baseline levels. Triglycerides increased during treatment with SOF/PEG-IFN/RBV, but not on DAA-only regimens. Conclusions Suppressing and eliminating HCV with IFN-free DAA regimens increased cholesterol levels, but had no effect on triglycerides. In contrast IFN-based therapy decreased cholesterol and increased triglycerides during treatment and led to increases in cholesterol after achieving sustained virological response.
Endometrial stromal sarcoma: An aggressive uterine malignancy
Authors: Adiga Chaitra P , Gyanchandani Manju , Goolahally Lakshmikantha N , Itagi Rishikesh M , Kalenahalli Kiran V 
Published: September 2016

Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is an aggressive uterine sarcoma. We report a case of a large endometrial stromal sarcoma in a 42 year nulliparous woman with chronic kidney disease presenting with acute urinary retention and irregular per vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound and Doppler imaging revealed a heterogeneous mass in the endometrial cavity with internal vascularity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large lobulated mass in the endometrial cavity extending into the vagina, causing local mass effect. Multiple linear hypointense bands on magnetic resonance T2 weighted (T2wt) images were characteristic of ESS. MRI is a very useful imaging modality in characterizing the lesion and also for the staging. It is necessary to distinguish these tumors from benign as well as other uterine malignancies for better management. We also review relevant literature discussing imaging findings of ESS.
Humoral Immunity Provides Resident Intestinal Eosinophils Access to Luminal Antigen via Eosinophil-Expressed Low-Affinity Fcγ Receptors
Authors: Smith Kalmia M. , Rahman Raiann S. , Spencer Lisa A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Eosinophils are native to the healthy gastrointestinal tract and are associated with inflammatory diseases likely triggered by exposure to food allergens (e.g., food allergies and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders). In models of allergic respiratory diseases and in vitro studies, direct Ag engagement elicits eosinophil effector functions, including degranulation and Ag presentation. However, it was not known whether intestinal tissue eosinophils that are separated from luminal food Ags by a columnar epithelium might similarly engage food Ags. Using an intestinal ligated loop model in mice, in this study we determined that resident intestinal eosinophils acquire Ag from the lumen of Ag-sensitized but not naive mice in vivo. Ag acquisition was Ig-dependent; intestinal eosinophils were unable to acquire Ag in sensitized Ig-deficient mice, and passive immunization with immune serum or Ag-specific IgG was sufficient to enable intestinal eosinophils in otherwise naive mice to acquire Ag in vivo. Intestinal eosinophils expressed low-affinity IgG receptors, and the activating receptor FcγRIII was necessary for Ig-mediated acquisition of Ags by isolated intestinal eosinophils in vitro. Our combined data suggest that intestinal eosinophils acquire lumen-derived food Ags in sensitized mice via FcγRIII Ag focusing and that they may therefore participate in Ag-driven secondary immune responses to oral Ags.
Childhood disability in Turkana, Kenya: Understanding how carers cope in a complex humanitarian setting
Authors: Zuurmond Maria , Nyapera Velma , Mwenda Victoria , Kisia James , Rono Hilary , Palmer Jennifer 
Published: September 2016

Background: Although the consequences of disability are magnified in humanitarian contexts, research into the difficulties of caring for children with a disability in such settings has received limited attention.Methods: Based on in-depth interviews with 31 families, key informants and focus group discussions in Turkana, Kenya, this article explores the lives of families caring for children with a range of impairments (hearing, vision, physical and intellectual) in a complex humanitarian context characterised by drought, flooding, armed conflict, poverty and historical marginalisation.Results: The challenging environmental and social conditions of Turkana magnified not only the impact of impairment on children, but also the burden of caregiving. The remoteness of Turkana, along with the paucity and fragmentation of health, rehabilitation and social services, posed major challenges and created opportunity costs for families. Disability-related stigma isolated mothers of children with disabilities, especially, increasing their burden of care and further limiting their access to services and humanitarian programmes. In a context where social systems are already stressed, the combination of these factors compounded the vulnerabilities faced by children with disabilities and their families.Conclusion: The needs of children with disabilities and their carers in Turkana are not being met by either community social support systems or humanitarian aid programmes. There is an urgent need to mainstream disability into Turkana services and programmes.
Precise breast implant placement using percutaneous chest wall markings
Authors: Joethy Janna , Tan Bien-Keem 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Traditionally, pre-operative breast markings are usually made using an indelible marker. These markings are at risk of being removed by pre-operative cleaning, positional changes and parenchymal changes post-incision. We present our approach to breast surgery with rib or intercostal markings using methylene blue. Methods: Using an indelible marker, markings are made on the breast and the inframammary crease. A blue needle (23 G) mounted on a 1 ml syringe is prepared, and aliquots of 0.1 ml of methylene blue are injected. Excessive infiltration and pre-operative local anaesthetic infiltration result in diffusion of the dye and difficulty with accuracy. Dye is injected directly over the bony periosteum closest to the inframammary fold. Results: We achieved good symmetry of bilateral breast implants. Photographs were taken pre-operative and 3 months post-operative and were evaluated independently by medical officers. All results were rated as good or very good. We had 39 patients and follow-up was between 3 and 24 months. There were no implant-related complications. Conclusions: For accurate implant placement, a fixed position must be found. Our technique utilises the relative immobility of the ribs for accurate implant placement. Disadvantages to our method were few, and we had two cases of dizziness or patients feeling faint due to pain. There is also a potential allergic or anaphylaxis reaction, but we did not experience any allergic reaction.
Free toe pulp flap for finger pulp and volar defect reconstruction
Authors: Balan Jyoshid R. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Fingertip injury requiring flap cover is very common in the modern era. The ideal cover should fulfill both functional and aesthetic improvement. Materials and Methods: From June 2015 to April 2016, we performed seven free toe pulp flaps for finger defect reconstruction. All patients were males. Five flaps were done in emergency post-traumatic cases, and two were done in elective set up. The cases included reconstruction of three thumbs, one index and one ring finger in an emergency set up and two ring fingers in the elective. Thumb reconstruction was done with great toe lateral pulp and the other digits reconstructed with second toe pulp flap. Follow-up evaluation included both functional and aesthetic assessment. Results: Five flaps survived completely, one suffered partial loss, and one flap failed completely. The median follow-up period was 9 months. The median duration of surgery was 255 min (range 210 to 300 min). The median two-point discrimination was 6.5 mm (range 4–8 mm). There was the return of temperature sensation in all patients; two had cold intolerance. The Semmes-Weinstein monofilament score varied from 3.61 to 5.07 (median filament index value 4.31/pressure value of 2 g/mm2). Three patients had delayed donor site wound healing. Conclusions: The free toe pulp flap is an efficient choice for fingertip and volar finger defects reconstruction with an excellent tissue match.
Free gracilis flap for chest wall reconstruction in male patient with Poland syndrome after implant failure
Authors: Cherubino Mario , Maggiulli Francesca , Pellegatta Igor , Valdatta Luigi 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTPoland’s syndrome (PS) is a congenital monolateral deformity that may involve breast, chest wall, and upper limb with different degrees of clinical expressions. In some cases, the problem is mainly cosmetic, and the reconstruction should be performed to achieve minimal scarring and donor site morbidity. The authors describe a case report of a male patient with PS who developed a severe capsular contraction after 25 years implant reconstruction, who was treated after explantation using free gracilis flap (FGF). In this patient, only the pectoralis major muscle was missing. An FGF was performed to reconstruct the anterior axillary fold and the soft tissue defect. There was no flap loss, the patient had a clearly improved appearance of the chest wall, and the pain syndrome was solved. In this case report, we demonstrate our experience with the use of an FGF for chest wall reconstruction in male patients with PS after prosthesis explantation.
Absolute Continuity of Wasserstein Barycenters Over Alexandrov Spaces
Authors: Jiang Yin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we prove that on a compact, n-dimensional Alexandrov space with curvature at least −1, the Wasserstein barycenter of Borel probability measures μ1 ,… , μm is absolutely continuous with respect to the n-dimensional Hausdorff measure if one of them is.
Identification de mutations à l’origine de différents phénotypes chez les ânes
Authors: Legrand Romain , Abitbol Marie 
Published: September 2016

Identification of mutations at the origin of various phenotypes in donkeys.
From 1990s, many results have described punctual mutations in the genes responsible for different colors of dresses of horses, but to day no study had been achieved for the asinine species, which display very different phenotypes although a close phylogenetic neighboring. Our study was designed to try to establish the genetic basis of two features : the long hair dress found in Baudets du Poitou, and the discoloration observed around the muzzle, eyes and limbs and which is called Light Point. We have so adopted an approach by candidate genes from the existing literature in horses and other mammals. By this approach two mutations have been identified in the gene FGF5 responsible for the phenotype
long hair and one mutation in the gene ASIP was associated with the phenotype No Light Point.
État des lieux et caractérisation des activités assistées par l’animal proposées en France aux enfants présentant des troubles du spectre autistique
Authors: Peyroutet-Philippe Claire 
Published: September 2016

Assessment and characterisation of animal-assisted interventions proposed to children with autism spectrum disorders in France.
Animal assisted interventions (AAI) cause the emergence of a new category of service animals which aim to improve welfare and good health of people. AAI are very successful and are proposed to a variety of audiences including children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). ASD are neurodevelopmental conditions which require early, continuous, global and coordinate interventions needing involvement of an interdisciplinary team. AAI are not a therapy but can be a support for management and treatment of ASD. AAI are common in intervention facilities for children with ASD but there is no data to assess the extent and the practices of AAI. We decided to make an assessment of AAI for children with ASD within intervention facilities in France. A questionnaire was sent to 2645 facilities and 386 responded. 60,1% of surveyed facilities use AAI for children with ASD. A wide range of species, settings, professionals, activities and difficulties have all been able to be defined. Despite their strong motivation and their will to maintain the AAI, facilities encounter many difficulties. It would be appropriate to start providing information and guidance to help facilities in AAI. Involvement of veterinarians or other animal experts is especially missing and would be necessary in order to implement good practices with animals and to ensure animal welfare.
Réservoirs et vecteurs de bartonelles et de rickettsies en Nouvelle-Calédonie
Authors: Cabre Olivier , Dahmani Mustapha , Davoust Bernard , Mediannikov Oleg 
Published: September 2016

Reservoirs and vectors of bartonellae and rickettsiae in New Caledonia.
Bartonellosis and rickettsiosis are vector-borne infections often asymptomatic in animals. In order to identify potential sources and vectors of Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp. infection in New Caledonia, we collected blood samples from 64 dogs, 8 cats, 30 cattle, 25 horses and 29 wild deer (Rusa timorensis).
329 associated blood-sucking parasites were also collected. We isolated four strains of Bartonella henselae from cats (50%) and six of Bartonella chomelii from cattle (20%). Deers (31%) were infected by Bartonella aff. schoenbuchensis. Rickettsia felis was detected in 81 % of 21 fleas collected from dogs and Bartonella clarridgeiae in 1% of fleas. Our data confirmed that Bartonella and Rickettsia
infections could be an increasing public health concern in Oceania and showed the interest of new molecular diagnostic tools for understanding these diseases.
Formas, cultura técnica y expresión arquitectónica
Authors: Jordá Such Cármen 
Published: September 2016

El desarrollo de las técnicas del hormigón armado y la aparición de una tipología inédita, las cáscaras, propiciaron una sorprendente transformación del canon moderno, cuya valoración crítica necesita actualizarse a partir de nuevas hipótesis interpretativas. La exuberante y curvilínea obra arquitectónica de mediados del siglo xx se explica en este artículo desde la influencia de una ingeniería que ya había experimentado con la contribución resistente de la forma. Posteriormente, las ideas de arquitectura, estructura y escultura parecieron fundirse y confundirse bajo la ingente variedad de soluciones que un material moldeable como el hormigón podía desplegar. Se explora el territorio internacionalizado de las geometrías alabeadas, superficies regladas y perfiles parabólicos que, siguiendo la estela de Freyssinet, Dischinger, Torroja o Candela, entre otros, cautivaron a los arquitectos de toda una época, desde Saarinen a Utzon, incluyendo a los Smithson o al propio Le Corbusier, así como también a Niemeyer, Tange, Sert y una larguísima serie de nombres que todavía son referentes por la importancia de sus trayectorias.
Goethe y la arquitectura teatral
Authors: Rubio Garrido Alberto , Calduch Cervera Juan 
Published: September 2016

Goethe, como dramaturgo y director del teatro de Weimar, se interesó por la arquitectura teatral, tal como quedó reflejado en sus dibujos arquitectónicos. El tipo de teatro descrito por Vitruvio, y su adaptación a la época moderna propuesta por Palladio en su teatro Olímpico de Vicenza, fueron los cauces por donde canalizó sus ideas. Todo esto quedó plasmado en varios esbozos dibujados y en el proyecto elaborado junto con el arquitecto Coudray tras el incendio del teatro de Weimar en 1825.
Studio Labayen-Aizpurua. Un laboratorio experimental neoplasticista
Authors: Villanueva Fernández María , Naya Villaverde Carlos 
Published: September 2016

<p>Con el desarrollo de las vanguardias a comienzos del siglo xx, se reaviva el debate iniciado tiempo atrás acerca de la relación del arte con la arquitectura y el mobiliario. El artículo plantea explorar cómo las nuevas formas artísticas penetran en el desarrollo de estas disciplinas, y se presentan como imagen de modernidad para algunos arquitectos que asumen este lenguaje formal y lo incorporan a sus obras. Para ello esta investigación analiza el caso particular del Studio de los arquitectos españoles José Manuel Aizpurua y Joaquín Labayen, quienes no sólo aplican el neoplasticismo a sus obras más tempranas –emulando a arquitectos como J.J.P. Oud, o P. Mondrian–, sino que también proponen una reinterpretación de la vanguardia moderna a través de su óptica personal. Más allá de una estética particular, la obra de arte es aplicada como solución espacial.</p>
Editorial: Aproximación histórica al dibujo de arquitectura en España en el siglo XX
Authors: García Codoñer Ángela 
Published: September 2016

<p>La reflexión sobre el dibujo de arquitectura desde sus fases históricas, ya sean las de ideación, representación o proyección, es el argumento sobre el que venimos trabajando como especialistas en las páginas de EGA.</p>
Vagabonds and Paupers: Race and Illicit Mobility in the Early Republic
Authors: O'Brassill-Kulfan Kristin 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
In the early republic, Pennsylvania and the surrounding Mid-Atlantic region was a vital space for wanderers, runaways, and migrants. Both under the law as well as on the road, fugitive slaves, pauper migrants, and vagrants shared much by way of identity and occupation. This article considers three key components of this relationship: legal connections that limited the movements of these groups, inherently similar corporeal experiences of transient poverty, and linkage in the public mind. Charting the transiency that former slaves and servants often undertook after leaving bondage reinforces these similarities, especially in light of contemporary associations between race and transiency and the subsequent criminalization of the freedom of movement for persons of color in varying stages of freedom. The imposition of personal status inherent in the category of vagrancy is illustrated in the ways in which individuals defined their own identities and were defined by the laws they encountered.
America's First Economic Stimulus Package: Paper Money and the Body Politic in Colonial Pennsylvania, 1715–1730
Authors: Moore Katie A. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
From 1715 to 1730, Pennsylvania's provincial legislature passed economic reform that transformed the colony into an enviable commercial center. Provisions enacted included liquor duties, flour inspection laws, and feme sole statutes, but the crowning achievement was a public loan office that issued loans to farmers in the form of paper money. Historians have shown how the Pennsylvania General Loan Office improved business conditions in the colony following an economic depression. Scholars have paid less attention to the implications of financial innovations such as paper money for economic thought and culture conceived broadly in early America. Using Pennsylvania as a case study, this article argues that paper money issued by public land banks in the British colonies not only improved colonial economic conditions, but also formed the basis of a fiscal and constitutional order founded on legislative control over local currencies and an extrinsic notion of value that pegged economic worth to the provincial community.