bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal microbiota and metabolically associated steatotic liver disease: current understanding of the problem. Review
Authors: Fadieienko G. D. , Gridnyev O. Y. , Chereliuk N. I. 
Published: October 2024

Cross‑interaction of microbes, microbial products, and the intestinal barrier are components of the so‑called «intestine‑liver axis», as the liver and intestines have a close two‑way relationship. In patients with metabolically associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), significant characteristic changes in the intestinal microbiome are observed, in particular, the growth of gram‑negative bacteria, which contributes to the formation of a pro‑inflammatory status (primarily due to endotocins) and disruption of metabolic processes, while an increase in Bacteroides and Ruminococcus and a decrease in Prevotella are associated with severe stages of liver fibrosis. Intestinal microbiota modulates the pool of bile acids thereby affecting metabolic homeostasis and pro‑inflammatory processes. Dysbiosis associated with MASLD is characterized by an excess of bacteria — producers of secondary bile acids, which are one of the factors in the progression of metabolically associated steatohepatitis. In addition, dysbiosis leads to increased production of short‑chain fatty acids, which promotes gluconeogenesis, synthesis and accumulation of toxic lipids in the liver and, accordingly, the development and progression of MASLD. But liver function disorders connected with dysbiosis are associated not only with intestinal bacteria, but also with fungi and viruses. According to the results of recent studies, MASLD is associated with a significant diversity of the mycobiome and has certain differences in the progression of the disease depending on the degree of liver inflammation and the stage of fibrosis. Chronic hyperproduction of endogenous ethanol (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia, Candida, etc.) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of MASLD, as it disrupts glucose and lipid metabolism, contributing to the formation of liver steatosis and steatohepatitis. Ultrastructural and functional changes of mitochondria are recognized determinants in the pathogenesis of MASLD. Mitochondria and intestinal microbiota have a bidirectional relationship: microbiota supplies metabolites for mitochondrial metabolism and redox homeostasis, and the development of dysbiosis contributes to oxidative stress and proinflammatory status — key factors in the development of metabolically associated steatohepatitis. Mitochondria can also modulate intestinal microflora by affecting the permeability of the intestinal barrier. The data presented in the article expand our knowledge about the interaction of the liver and the intestine and inspire the development of new promising therapeutic approaches to the treatment of MASLD, which involve a synergistic effect on the intestinal microbiota, microbiome, virome, and mitochondrial function.
Ulcerative colitis: definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, follow-up. Lecture. Part I
Authors: Kharchenko N. V. , Lopukh I. Y. , Kharchenko V. V. , Korulia I. A. , Shendryk V. H. 
Published: October 2024

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are currently one of the most difficult problems in modern global internal medicine in general and in gastroenterology in particular. The diseases demonstrate a relapsing, progressive nature, significant decrease in the quality of life, physical activity of patients, complications from other organs and systems of the human body, a decrease or even loss of working capacity, difficulties in socialization and creating a family. An insufficiently predicted course of the disease, acute or chronic intestinal complications can lead to surgical interventions. According to the severity of the course, the frequency of disability, complications, including those, that require surgical intervention; in terms of the economic costs of the health care system, IBDs are ahead of a number of other widespread diseases of digestive organs. The variety of clinical, anatomical (in particular, localization and extend of damage to the Gut), endoscopic signs of the disease in combination with different degrees of severity and activity of the disease, the presence of local and systemic extraintestinal manifestations determine difficulties in early establishing the diagnosis, in differential diagnosis and in choosing an effective and safe therapy, which is prescribed for the purpose of not only achieving, but also further maintaining a stable remission of the disease.In the vast majority of patients, the disease is characterized by a chronic relapsing course and requires long­­term, constant, often life­­long drug treatment with the use of drugs from various pharmacological groups, including combination therapy. An active search for predictably effective drugs for the treatment for IBD continues at the present time. According to the new International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision (2022), three diseases are included in the IBD group: ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) and indeterminate colitis, i.e. a disease in which it is impossible to clearly determine whether it is UC or CD of the colon. In modern medicine, there is a tendency towards greater clarity and conciseness in the formulation of diagnoses, examination algorithms and treatment regimens. Inflammatory bowel disease remains diseases with many unknowns, both in terms of establishing a clear diagnosis and in terms of prognosis and predictability of the consequences of drug therapy.
Spatial Assessment and Comparison of Land Use in Karrada City, Iraq, Using Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Ali Fathela Abwd , Salman Alaa D. 
Published: October 2024

Land use is the human modification of the natural or terrestrial environment into a built environment such as fields, pastures, and settlements. Baghdad, like most cities in the world, suffers from many urban problems, especially the problems associated with the disparity in the distribution of land uses and deficiencies in their distribution according to scientific standards and foundations, such as the problem of pollution and overpopulation. Karrada was chosen because it represents a large urban center in Baghdad, with about 1 million people spread over about 72 km2. The aim is to assess land use in Karrada. In addition to the analysis of land uses in the study area, and the study of changes that occurred in those uses, either the study methodology has adopted the descriptive and analytical approach based on the data and information obtained from the municipality of Karrada. Comparison was used as a method of evaluation and geographic information systems (GIS) technology was used to achieve the set objectives. The research lasted almost a year, and the study found that the land uses in Karrada are far from what they were designed for and from planning standards, as it was found that agricultural use decreased significantly, and its lands turned into other uses such as residential and institutional use. Creating land use maps for the years 1973 and 2022 was one of the most important results of this study in conclusion, the study called for several recommendations Among them is the need to adhere to planning standards for land uses to achieve spatial justice in the distribution of those uses and to benefit from the experiences of countries in the field of land and investment promotion.
Influence of Sustainable Materials and Glass Fibers on Properties of Lightweight Perlite Concrete
Authors: Qasim Ahmed Jasim , Fawzi Nada Mahdi 
Published: October 2024

The effect of the addition of sustainable materials and alkali-resistant glass fibers on perlite concrete is studied in this paper. The research includes slump, density, flexural strength, split tensile strength, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity tests. This specimen was cast using Portland cement, metakaolin (which replaced 15% of the cement weight as pozzolanic materials), a combination of coarse and fine perlite aggregate, superplasticizer, and local ash (which was employed as a filler and replaced by cement weight in a ratio of 10%). The ratio of cement to perlite (volumetric ratio) was 1:2. The concrete reinforced 1% alkali resistance glass fibers by volume of concrete. The results show that adding sustainable materials to the concrete increased its cylinder compressive strength by a percentage of (57.75%, 41.76%, and 44.82%) for 7,28 and 60 days, respectively and both tensile and flexural strength increased at a ratio of (37.28%, 30.33% and 34.5%), (36.05%, 68.22% and 56.52%) respectively at (7,28 and 60 days). And including alkali-resistant glass fibers increases the compressive, tensile and flexural strength in a ratio of (61.5%, 43.58%, 47.45%), (61.54%, 44.08% and 52.71%) and (113.95%, 124.3% and 97.85%) respectively at (7,28 and 60 days), compared with reference mix. The density increased by adding sustainable materials and fibers but stayed within the limitations of structural lightweight concrete (ASTM C330). The thermal conductivity also increased after adding sustainable materials and glass fibers compared with the reference mix, but it was within the constraints of insulation concrete.
ANALISIS PENYEBAB KECELAKAAN PESAWAT DI INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN METODE K-MEANS
Authors: Passarella Rossi , Lucyana Nadya , Sari Purwita , Kurniawan Dedy , Buchari Muhammad Ali 
Published: October 2024

Data kecelakaan pesawat yang dikumpulkan dan disediakan hanya oleh KNKT dan dievaluasi lebih lanjut untuk menganalisis dampak penyebab kecelakaan pesawat di Indonesia, dengan menentukan jumlah cluster yang optimal. Jumlah cluster yang dihasilkan akan dievaluasi untuk menentukan tingkat keparahan kecelakaan sebagai persentase dari total, serta penyebab setiap tingkat keparahan kecelakaan pesawat. Pendekatan indeks siku dan siluet digabungkan dengan metodologi k- means clustering untuk mendapatkan jumlah cluster terbaik dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menghasilkan hasil terbaik dari cluster terbanyak yaitu sebanyak dua. Selanjutnya, temuan menunjukkan korelasi antara elemen penyebab dan tingkat keparahan kecelakaan pesawat di setiap cluster. Cluster 1 mendominasi hasil untuk kategori ringan, dengan manusia sebagai komponen penyebab, menurut distribusi data. Sebagian besar tingkat keparahan kecelakaan penerbangan termasuk dalam kategori ringan, menurut data yang dikumpulkan selama periode 33 tahun. Selain itu hasil analisis juga menunjukkan faktor penyebab utama kecelakaan pesawat di Indonesia adalah faktor Manusia (38%)
Routine outcomes to investigate differences between ethnic minorities and White British people presenting to emergency services for injury: the stakeholder consultation
Authors: Baghdadi Fadi , Evans Bridie Angela , John Ann , Lloyd Adam , Lyons Ronan A , Naha Gargi , Porter Alison , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan , Snooks Helen , Watkins Alan , Williams Julia , Khanom Ashra 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Research has found differences in processes and outcomes of care between people in ethnic minorities and White British populations in some clinical conditions, although findings have been mixed. The Building an understanding of Ethnic minority people’s Service Use Relating to Emergency care for injuries study is investigating differences in presentation, experience and health outcomes between people from ethnic minorities and White British people who seek emergency health care for injury.

Objective
Our aim was to consult with stakeholders to define measurable outcomes available in routine ambulance and emergency department data; to assess the appropriateness of existing outcome measures for ethnic minorities and White British people; and to identify any gaps.

Method
Clinicians, public contributors, researchers, people from the third sector, public health, healthcare inclusion were invited to join an online workshop to discuss routine outcomes.

Results
Twenty participants attended the stakeholder consultation, with only one being a public contributor, a limitation. Eleven were from a minority ethnic background and seven were female. The integrated list of outcomes included 25 items, combining routine outcomes from the Building an understanding of Ethnic minority people's Service Use Relating to Emergency care for injuries protocol and literature (n = 17) with additional outcomes (n = 8). Notably, the initial list lacked provisions for safeguarding referrals and cases of treatment refusal, which were new additions. Safety concerns arose due to the lack of safeguarding referrals, treatment refusal and self-discharge. Factors such as pre-existing health conditions, injury location and experiences of discrimination were identified as possible influences on care quality and waiting times for ethnic minority patients.

Conclusion
Although the number of stakeholders taking part in our consultation was low, their participation identified outcomes not found in routine data, supporting the adoption of a mixed-methods approach to answer our research questions. A future consultation could look to include more public members and wider range of clinicians including those who work in safeguarding and rehabilitation services.

Funding
This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme as award number NIHR132744.
عالقة الدولة اإلسالمية بغري املسلمني يف رأي رشيد رضا من خالل تفسريه املنار
Authors: Toure Abdoul Karim , Mohd Amin Fauzi , Doll Kawaid A.Irwan Santeri , Syed Hassan Syed Najihuddin , Mohamed Nor Zulhilmi , Khosim Norullisza 
Published: October 2024

Islam is a religion of violence, spread by the sword, and the Islamic State's relationship with other nations and with non-Muslims is but war and fighting. These are the common words to portray Islam and the Islamic State. What is the reality of the ground in the opinion of Mohammad Rashid Rida through his interpretation of al-Manar? This study attempted to answer these questions through his interpretation of the verses ordering Muslims to fight non-Muslims, and verses prohibiting Muslims to having a good relationship with non-Muslims, and verses allowing Muslims to having good relationship with non-Muslims. The study concluded that in the opinion of Mohammad Rashid Rida, peace is the priority in the relations between the Islamic State and others, war and fighting is for protection and to defend its right. The method upon which the study is based is inductive method. The researchers elaborated in the study verses in which Rashid Rida in his Tafsir al-Manar
TEACHER AND/OR MENTOR: PRIESTS IN THE PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE NORTHERN PERIPHERY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE
IN THE LATE 19th — EARLY 20th CENTURIES
Authors: Kazakova Ksenia S. 
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes the social functions of priests involved in educational activities within peripheral parishes of the Kola North at the end of the 19th — beginning of the 20th century, including among the Sami population. The article is based on archival documents, ethnographic papers and periodicals. The activities of priests are considered in the context of the development of public education in the outlying territories of the European North. It is shown that the primary religious education was first of all focused on the spiritual and moral foundations of the Orthodoxy and the Russian language, and also introduced children to parish life. The priests’ educational work among the adult parishioners was carried out through personal participation of priests in the social life, the organization of public readings and temperance societies. It was revealed that the population of the Kola North developed a view of the teacher as an ascetic, a highly spiritual person, which expanded his social functions to fulfil the roles of a spiritual mentor, a judge, a conductor of state policy, and a custodian of Orthodox culture.
NATIVE LANGUAGE AND CULTURAL IDENTITY OF MOLDAVANS IN BELARUS
Authors: Kvilinkova Elizaveta N.  
Published: October 2024

In this article, based on the author’s field materials collected in 2020–2023, one of the ethnic groups living in Belarus — the Moldovans — is studied for the first time in ethnological science. The role of the native/ethnic language among the members of the diaspora is considered as a means of communication, a mechanism for transmitting national culture in the host country and as a marker of ethno-cultural identity. The author identified the factors that contribute to the preservation or loss of the mother tongue by the members of the diaspora. The research was conducted at the interface of ethnology, ethnosociology and cultural anthropology. Based on data from an ethnosociological survey, it is shown that among Moldovans who settled in Belarus during the Soviet period, the Moldovan language is associated with the heritage of their ancestors, while for some Moldovans of the post-Soviet period it is the “language of the motherland”, “the language of culture”. For Russian-speaking Moldovans, the ethnic language is an emotionally charged collective value that gives a sense of belonging to their ethno-cultural community. It is concluded that the diminishing role of their mother tongue in ethnic self-identification and its loss by the second generation indicate a process of natural assimilation that is rapidly taking place among Moldovans in Belarus.
COMMON ANCESTORS OF TURKIC-SPEAKING PEOPLES: GENETIC ASPECTS
Authors: Spitsyna Nailya Kh. , Balinova Natalia V.  
Published: October 2024

Centuries of migration contributed to the spread of Turkic-speaking peoples over vast areas — from Siberia, through Central Asia, to Eastern Europe and the Middle East. The genetic structure of the populations of the Altai-Sayan Plateau, the Yakuts (Sakha), the Siberian Tatars, the peoples of the Volga-Urals, the North Caucasus and the Gagauz of Moldova was formed as a result of systematic and random evolutionary factors. A pronounced gradient in the frequencies of Mongoloid and Caucasoid alleles is observed in Turkic-speaking populations. Studies on the polymorphism of genetic and biochemical markers, mtDNA and Y chromosome have revealed the anthropogenetic heterogeneity of Turkic groups. The northeastern Turkic groups were found to have pronounced markers of the North Asian component, and the southwestern groups represent the southern Caucasoid anthropological complex. Analysis of full genome data on high-density genotypes identified the dates of admixture as the 9th–17th centuries, coinciding with nomadic migrations of the 5th–16th centuries. Assimilation and mixing were accompanied by the linguistic expansion of the Turkic language and the formation of its various dialects. The Turkic language as a whole proved to be very plastic and suitable for communication between peoples.
THE KUNALEY ICON — THE IMAGE OF THE HEAVEN AMONG THE SEMEISKIE
Authors: Kostrov Aleksandr V. 
Published: October 2024

An icon in the style of “old painting” is one of the symbols of Old Believers’ culture. It reproduces the pre-schism iconography, but has its own logic of evolution driven both by the general change in society and its world view and by the regional specificity. Although this specificity has always existed, in the post-schism period it began to be influenced by the development of various Old Believer enclaves. While in some regions, due to their location and proximity to labor and commodity markets, powerful icon-painting schools developed, in the Transbaikal region, the local Old Believers used imported icons for a long time. However, the evolution of their culture led them to develop their own tradition at the end of the XIX century — first third of the XX century, which was still being implemented as a kind of “naive” village painting. Our field research in recent years in the Semeisksie’s settlements in the Western Transbaikal region has allowed us to identify, localize, and begin to describe a bright hearth of local icon painting. At this stage, several dozen icons have been identified, which, according to our informants, were painted in the Semeiskie’s village of Bolshoy Kunaley. Apparently, several icon painters worked here, one of whom reached a high level and developed his own recognizable style. The icons of Kunaley depict various Christian motifs in a simplified, but at the same time expressive and understandable way, which reflects not only the high level of the local icon painters, but also the nature of the culture and world view of their group.
Impact of systemic lupus erythematosus on cardiovascular morphologic and functional phenotypes: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Lin Zishan , Wang Wenfeng , Jiang Bingjing , He Jian , Xu Yanfang 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundPrevious studies have established a correlation between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and cardiovascular health, but the potential causal effects of SLE on heart function and structure remain poorly understood. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), a novel non-invasive technique, provides a unique assessment of cardiovascular structure and function, making it an essential tool for evaluating the risk of heart disease. In this study, we performed a Mendelian randomization analysis to determine the causal relationship between SLE and CMR traits.MethodsGenetic variants independently linked to SLE were selected from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) containing 5,201 cases and 9,066 controls as instrumental variables. A set of 82 CMR traits was obtained from a recent GWAS, serving as preclinical indicators and providing preliminary insights into the morphology and function of the four cardiac chambers and two aortic segments. Primary analysis employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization study using the inverse-variance weighted method. Heterogeneity testing, sensitivity analyses, and instrumental variable strength assessments confirmed the robustness of the findings.ResultsSLE exhibited a correlation with increased stroke volume (βLVSV = 0.007, P = 0.045), regional peak circumferential strain (βEcc_AHA_9 = 0.013, P = 0.002; βEcc_AHA_12 = 0.009, P = 0.043; βEcc_AHA_14 = 0.013, P = 0.006), and global peak circumferential strain of the LV (βEcc_global = 0.010, P = 0.022), as well as decreased regional radial strain (βErr_AHA_11 = −0.010, P = 0.017).ConclusionsThis research presents evidence of a potential causal association between traits of SLE and alterations in cardiac function, guiding cardiac examinations and disease prevention in lupus patients.