bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depiction of pneumothoraces in a large animal model using x-ray dark-field radiography
Authors: Hellbach Katharina , Baehr Andrea , De Marco Fabio , Willer Konstantin , Gromann Lukas B. , Herzen Julia , Dmochewitz Michaela , Auweter Sigrid , Fingerle Alexander A. , Noël Peter B. , Rummeny Ernst J. , Yaroshenko Andre , Maack Hanns-Ingo , Pralow Thomas , van der Heijden Hendrik , Wieberneit Nataly , Proksa Roland , Koehler Thomas , Rindt Karsten , Schroeter Tobias J. , Mohr Juergen , Bamberg Fabian , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Pfeiffer Franz , Reiser Maximilian F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of x-ray dark-field radiography to detect pneumothoraces in a pig model. Eight pigs were imaged with an experimental grating-based large-animal dark-field scanner before and after induction of a unilateral pneumothorax. Image contrast-to-noise ratios between lung tissue and the air-filled pleural cavity were quantified for transmission and dark-field radiograms. The projected area in the object plane of the inflated lung was measured in dark-field images to quantify the collapse of lung parenchyma due to a pneumothorax. Means and standard deviations for lung sizes and signal intensities from dark-field and transmission images were tested for statistical significance using Student’s two-tailed t-test for paired samples. The contrast-to-noise ratio between the air-filled pleural space of lateral pneumothoraces and lung tissue was significantly higher in the dark-field (3.65 ± 0.9) than in the transmission images (1.13 ± 1.1; p = 0.002). In case of dorsally located pneumothoraces, a significant decrease (−20.5%; p > 0.0001) in the projected area of inflated lung parenchyma was found after a pneumothorax was induced. Therefore, the detection of pneumothoraces in x-ray dark-field radiography was facilitated compared to transmission imaging in a large animal model.
Type IV collagen α6 chain is a regulator of keratin 10 in keratinization of oral mucosal epithelium
Authors: Komori Taishi , Ono Mitsuaki , Hara Emilio Satoshi , Ueda Junji , Nguyen Ha Thi Thu , Nguyen Ha Thi , Yonezawa Tomoko , Maeba Takahiro , Kimura-Ono Aya , Takarada Takeshi , Momota Ryusuke , Maekawa Kenji , Kuboki Takuo , Oohashi Toshitaka 
Published: February 2018

AbstractKeratinized mucosa is of fundamental importance to maintain healthy gingival tissue, and understanding the mechanisms of oral mucosa keratinization is crucial to successfully manage healthy gingiva. Previous studies have shown a strong involvement of the basement membrane in the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells. Therefore, first, to identify the keratinized mucosa-specific basement membrane components, immunohistochemical analysis for the six alpha chains of type IV collagen was performed in 8-week-old mice. No difference in the expression pattern of type IV collagen α1(IV) and α2(IV) chains was observed in the keratinized and non-keratinized mucosa. Interestingly, however, type IV collagen α5(IV) and α6(IV) chains specifically were strongly detected in the keratinized mucosa. To analyze the functional roles of the type IV collagen isoform α6(IV) in oral mucosa keratinization, we analyzed Col4a6-knockout mice. Epithelial developmental delay and low levels of KRT10 were observed in new-born Col4a6-knockout mice. Additionally, in vitro experiments with loss-of function analysis using human gingival epithelial cells confirmed the important role of α6(IV) chain in epithelial keratinization. These findings indicate that α112:α556 (IV) network, which is the only network that includes the α6(IV) chain, is one regulator of KRT10 expression in keratinization of oral mucosal epithelium.
Low-Loss Photonic Reservoir Computing with Multimode Photonic Integrated Circuits
Authors: Katumba Andrew , Heyvaert Jelle , Schneider Bendix , Uvin Sarah , Dambre Joni , Bienstman Peter 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe present a numerical study of a passive integrated photonics reservoir computing platform based on multimodal Y-junctions. We propose a novel design of this junction where the level of adiabaticity is carefully tailored to capture the radiation loss in higher-order modes, while at the same time providing additional mode mixing that increases the richness of the reservoir dynamics. With this design, we report an overall average combination efficiency of 61% compared to the standard 50% for the single-mode case. We demonstrate that with this design, much more power is able to reach the distant nodes of the reservoir, leading to increased scaling prospects. We use the example of a header recognition task to confirm that such a reservoir can be used for bit-level processing tasks. The design itself is CMOS-compatible and can be fabricated through the known standard fabrication procedures.
Concurrent Presence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Elevated Homocysteine Levels Exacerbate the Development of Hypertension: A KoGES Six-year Follow-up Study
Authors: Kim Jinkwan , Lee Seung Ku , Yoon Dae Wui , Shin Chol 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAccumulating evidence has revealed that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and high homocysteine (Hcy) levels play important roles in the increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether the presence of elevated Hcy levels among individuals with OSA increase the risk of hypertension in a cohort study. A total of 1825 participants were selected from the cohort study. A high homocysteine level (Hcy) was defined as those in the 75th percentile of Hcy levels of the study cohort. The prevalence of hypertension was higher among subjects with OSA and high Hcy levels than among the other groups stratified by the presence of OSA and high Hcy levels. The incidence of hypertension at 6-year follow-up was: Hcy[−]/OSA[−] vs. Hcy[+]/OSA[−] vs. Hcy[−]/OSA[+] vs. Hcy[+]/OSA[+], 14.2% vs. 19.8% vs. 24.2% vs. 36.1%. After adjusting for confounding factors, subjects with OSA and high Hcy levels had a 1.86-fold risk of developing hypertension compared to those without OSA and high Hcy levels. Moderate to severe OSA group with the highest tertile of Hcy levels had a 2.31-fold increased risk of developing hypertension. Interaction between Hcy and OSA on development of hypertension was significant, suggesting that these conditions may constitute an important determinant.
Skeletal myosin binding protein-C isoforms regulate thin filament activity in a Ca2+-dependent manner
Authors: Lin Brian Leei , Li Amy , Mun Ji Young , Previs Michael J. , Previs Samantha Beck , Campbell Stuart G. , dos Remedios Cristobal G. , Tombe Pieter de P. , Craig Roger , Warshaw David M. , Sadayappan Sakthivel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMuscle contraction, which is initiated by Ca2+, results in precise sliding of myosin-based thick and actin-based thin filament contractile proteins. The interactions between myosin and actin are finely tuned by three isoforms of myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C): slow-skeletal, fast-skeletal, and cardiac (ssMyBP-C, fsMyBP-C and cMyBP-C, respectively), each with distinct N-terminal regulatory regions. The skeletal MyBP-C isoforms are conditionally coexpressed in cardiac muscle, but little is known about their function. Therefore, to characterize the functional differences and regulatory mechanisms among these three isoforms, we expressed recombinant N-terminal fragments and examined their effect on contractile properties in biophysical assays. Addition of the fragments to in vitro motility assays demonstrated that ssMyBP-C and cMyBP-C activate thin filament sliding at low Ca2+. Corresponding 3D electron microscopy reconstructions of native thin filaments suggest that graded shifts of tropomyosin on actin are responsible for this activation (cardiac > slow-skeletal > fast-skeletal). Conversely, at higher Ca2+, addition of fsMyBP-C and cMyBP-C fragments reduced sliding velocities in the in vitro motility assays and increased force production in cardiac muscle fibers. We conclude that due to the high frequency of Ca2+ cycling in cardiac muscle, cardiac MyBP-C may play dual roles at both low and high Ca2+. However, skeletal MyBP-C isoforms may be tuned to meet the needs of specific skeletal muscles.
REM sleep respiratory behaviours match mental content in narcoleptic lucid dreamers
Authors: Oudiette Delphine , Dodet Pauline , Ledard Nahema , Artru Emilie , Rachidi Inès , Similowski Thomas , Arnulf Isabelle 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBreathing is irregular during rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep, whereas it is stable during non-REM sleep. Why this is so remains a mystery. We propose that irregular breathing has a cortical origin and reflects the mental content of dreams, which often accompany REM sleep. We tested 21 patients with narcolepsy who had the exceptional ability to lucid dream in REM sleep, a condition in which one is conscious of dreaming during the dream and can signal lucidity with an ocular code. Sleep and respiration were monitored during multiple naps. Participants were instructed to modify their dream scenario so that it involved vocalizations or an apnoea, -two behaviours that require a cortical control of ventilation when executed during wakefulness. Most participants (86%) were able to signal lucidity in at least one nap. In 50% of the lucid naps, we found a clear congruence between the dream report (e.g., diving under water) and the observed respiratory behaviour (e.g., central apnoea) and, in several cases, a preparatory breath before the respiratory behaviour. This suggests that the cortico-subcortical networks involved in voluntary respiratory movements are preserved during REM sleep and that breathing irregularities during this stage have a cortical/subcortical origin that reflects dream content.
The Effect of Remote Masking on the Reception of Speech by Young School-Age Children
Authors: Youngdahl Carla L. , Healy Eric W. , Yoho Sarah E. , Apoux Frédéric , Holt Rachael Frush 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
Psychoacoustic data indicate that infants and children are less likely than adults to focus on a spectral region containing an anticipated signal and are more susceptible to remote masking of a signal. These detection tasks suggest that infants and children, unlike adults, do not listen selectively. However, less is known about children's ability to listen selectively during speech recognition. Accordingly, the current study examines remote masking during speech recognition in children and adults.

Method
Adults and 7- and 5-year-old children performed sentence recognition in the presence of various spectrally remote maskers. Intelligibility was determined for each remote-masker condition, and performance was compared across age groups.

Results
It was found that speech recognition for 5-year-olds was reduced in the presence of spectrally remote noise, whereas the maskers had no effect on the 7-year-olds or adults. Maskers of different bandwidth and remoteness had similar effects.

Conclusions
In accord with psychoacoustic data, young children do not appear to focus on a spectral region of interest and ignore other regions during speech recognition. This tendency may help account for their typically poorer speech perception in noise. This study also appears to capture an important developmental stage, during which a substantial refinement in spectral listening occurs.
Wideband filtering impedance transformer based on transversal interaction concept
Authors: Chen Shiyong , Zhao Guoqiang , Tang Mingchun , Yu Yantao 
Published: February 2018

A wideband filtering impedance transformer (WFIT) based on transversal interaction concept is presented. The proposed WFIT has four reflection zeros in the passband to broaden the operating bandwidth. Moreover, two transmission zeros are generated to enhance the selectivity. For verification, a prototype is designed, simulated and measured. The measured results show that the proposed WFIT has about 60% bandwidth in terms of S11 larger than 20 dB and the rejection out‐of‐band is better than 30 dB.
Repetition rate control of optical self‐injected passively mode‐locked quantum‐well lasers: experiment and simulation
Authors: Auth D. , Drzewietzki L. , Weber C. , Klehr A. , Knigge A. , Breuer S. 
Published: February 2018

The pulse repetition rate (RR) tuning and locking range (LR) as well as the pulse train timing stability of passively mode‐locked quantum‐well (QW) semiconductor lasers (SCLs) subject to single‐cavity optical self‐feedback (OFB) are investigated experimentally and by simulations. A simple and universal stochastic time‐domain model confirms the experimentally observed RR control and LR as well as timing jitter (TJ) improvement in QW SCLs subject to very long OFB cavities with lengths up to 73.1 m. In particular, the model allows predicting control potential and limits of the RR tuning, locking and TJ improvement depending on the choice of OFB delay length for time‐delay mode‐locked semiconductor laser stabilisation experiments.
Mutual event observations of solar system objects by SRC on Mars Express
Authors: Ziese R. , Willner K. 
Published: February 2018

Context. Both Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, have been observed during several imaging campaigns by the Super Resolution Channel (SRC) on the Mars Express probe. Several tens of images are obtained during mutual event observations – when the Martian moons are both observed or together with another solar system body. These observations provide new opportunities to determine the bodies’ positions in their orbits.
Aims. A method was sought to automate the observation of the positions of the imaged bodies. Within one image sequence a similarly accurate localization of the objects in all images should be possible.
Methods. Shape models of Phobos and Deimos are applied to simulate the appearance of the bodies in the images. Matching the illuminated simulation against the observation provides a reliable determination of the bodies’ location within the image. To enhance the matching confidence several corrections need to be applied to the simulation to closely reconstruct the observation.
Results. A list of 884 relative positions between the different objects is provided through the Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS).
ϕ Meson Measurements at RHIC with the PHENIX Detector
Authors: Sarsour Murad 
Published: February 2018

The measurement of ϕ mesons provides key information on the phase of the hot and dense medium created in the relativistic heavy ion collisions. It has a relatively small hadronic interaction cross section and is sensitive to the increase of strangeness (strangeness enhancement), a phenomenon associated with soft particles in bulk matter. Measurements in the dilepton channels are especially interesting since leptons interact only electromagnetically, thus carrying the information from their production phase directly to the detector. Measurements in different nucleus-nucleus collisions allow us to perform a systematic study of the nuclear medium effects on ϕ meson production. The PHENIX detector provides the capabilities to measure the ϕ meson production in a wide range of transverse momentum and rapidity to study these effects.
In this proceeding, we present measurements of the ϕ mesons in a variety of collision systems at [see formula in PDF] = 200 GeV. In case of small systems, the data are compared with AMPT calculations to study the various cold nuclear medium effects involved in ϕ meson production.
Energy balance analysis in non linear dynamic equivalent systems.
Authors: Carlos Iturregui Arranz , Jose Manuel Soria Herrera , Ivan Muñoz Díaz , Jaime Higinio García Palacios 
Published: February 2018

The aim of the paper is to present a critical analysis for nonlinear dynamic vibrations. It is applicable to single degree of freedom –SDOF- of reinforced concrete –RC- structures, revealing its multi degree of freedom –MDOF- performance, showing contrast using the balance of energy, using six accelerograms based on type I and II spectrum, according with Eurocode-8. The degradation curve was obtained applying a new formulation, based on the system work and complementary work, into the pushover analysis. A new method incorporating the Bouc-Wen-Baben-Noori theory and global damage was used for the analysis, adding relevance to the: energy balance in its dissipative part, analysis of the structure’s fundamental parameters, relation’s effective period, equivalent damping and global ductility.
The powers, energies and works developed are analyzed, creating a precise balance since energy enters selectively. Hence, an equivalent damping containing a viscous and hysteretic part is predictable, accordingly to the variation of the building’s nonlinear properties. Evaluation of the adequateness and safety level are also obtainable. The controlled parameters contrasted with the balance predicts the structure’s MDOF situation, at any moment related with seismic events. This methodology can be used to stablish a systematic control of nonlinearities for other structural schemes.
Slums, race and mental health in New York (1938–1965)
Authors: Doyle Dennis 
Published: February 2018

AbstractClaude Brown’s seminal 1965 memoir “Manchild in the Promised Land” appeared when Americans were trying to make sense of the Watts Rebellion of 1965. A “bildungsroman”, Brown’s autobiography details how he, a former juvenile delinquent and residential treatment center client, became a stable adult once he left his troubled Harlem neighborhood. This paper argues that Brown’s book revealed just how much liberal mid-twentieth century efforts to combat poverty and crime in segregated black communities by offering more mental health services struggled to fully grasp and address the relationship between mental health and environment. Between 1938 and 1965, officials and mental health experts with the Wiltwyck School for Boys, New York Domestic Relations Court and the New York Bureau of Child Guidance imagined that Harlem would become a more stable, law-abiding community if populated with emotionally healthier people. Methodologically, this paper compares the archival record of those programs’ goals with Brown’s memoir. Brown’s own experience as both a former charge of those institutions and a resident of Harlem led him to doubt that urban ghettoes were environmentally suited to support individuals struggling to overcome mental illness. In locating Brown’s recollection of his postwar youth within the context of local efforts to provide New York City’s black juvenile delinquents with psychiatric care in the postwar era, it becomes apparent that those liberal policies and programs were designed to produce therapeutic outcomes that proved difficult to sustain amid the challenging circumstances residents faced in socioeconomically depressed communities. As an intervention into the burgeoning literature on the US history of race and psychiatry, this research represents one of the first attempts to compare the intentions of mental health professionals seeking to improve the health care of African Americans and the perspectives of their African American clients.
Rehearsing the crisis
Authors: Coleman Stephen 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This chapter considers the 2008 global financial crisis as an example of how crises are imagined and scripted as political projects before they are mediated as a social reality. It argues that the articulation of this reality was discursively constructed and selectively mediated and that it is impossible to think about how crises are imagined and debated without thinking about the discursive constraints that frame their construction.
The visual construction of political crises
Authors: Lorenzo-Dus Nuria , Smith Philippa 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines the visual construction of social actors (elite and non-elite) in all the news stories about political crises published by the British broadsheet The Independent between 2008 and 2014. Our findings show that the practices involved in the construction of political crises are overwhelmingly linked to oral communication. Yet the kind of oral communication through which political crises are visually rendered varies significantly according to the (non)elite status of the groups being visually framed. Whereas elite groups are visually constructed as dealing with political crises through measured, rational talk, non-elite groups are visually represented as either handling political crises in aggressive ways or as being their hopeless recipients. Our findings also support the thesis that the concept of crisis has undergone a process of ‘semantic inflation’ in postmodernity.
Impending crisis in Scotland
Authors: Higgins Michael 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This chapter looks at the management of political instability across the political and media spheres before and after the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, and prior to the UK’s vote to exit the European Union. Looking first at a selection of political speeches, the chapter finds those politicians opposed to independence construct constitutional change as impending crisis, whereas speeches from a pro-independence position articulate the pursuit of a new political settlement as a means of crisis aversion at an EU and international level. In turning the analysis to a media context, the Scottish newspapers, all of which were opposed to independence, emphasise the threat of upheaval, and extend the crisis frame onto coverage of the economy and the National Health Service. Overall, while explicit references to crisis are comparatively unusual amongst politicians and across media, the chapter suggests the tactical use of a “crisis” frame is an important component of political discourse in times of constitutional uncertainty.
Chinese and British Diplomatic Gifts in the Macartney Embassy of 1793
Authors: Harrison Henrietta 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper looks at the choice, reception and afterlife of both the Chinese and the British gifts given during Britain’s first embassy to China. Earlier studies have tended to fault the Qing court for understanding the gifts they received as tribute and failing to appreciate the scientific items given by the British. However, gift-giving was a highly charged political issue in the domestic politics of both countries at this time and the terms in which the argument was conducted differed widely. This paper argues that the Chinese term that has been translated into the English ‘tribute’ did not have the same resonance in China, and that instead the gifts were received by both sides as part of the negotiations that accompanied the embassy. The most successful gifts in this context were those with an accepted monetary value in the existing trade between the two countries, notably high-quality textiles. British military gifts were also of importance in shaping the outcome of the embassy. However, attempts to use the gifts to present the culture or wider philosophical outlook of the giver were much less successful in this diplomatic context. After the embassy ended the vast majority of gifts given by both sides became exotic items in royal collections where they added to the glory of the recipient rather than that of the donor.
Reconstruction of Lorentzian Manifolds from Boundary Light Observation Sets
Authors: Hintz Peter , Uhlmann Gunther 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
On a time-oriented Lorentzian manifold (M, g) with nonempty boundary satisfying a convexity assumption, we show that the topological, differentiable, and conformal structure of suitable subsets S ⊂ M of sources is uniquely determined by measurements of the intersection of future light cones from points in S with a fixed open subset of the boundary of M; here, light rays are reflected at ∂M according to Snell’s law. Our proof is constructive, and allows for interior conjugate points as well as multiply reflected and self-intersecting light cones.