bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global prevalence of cataract surgery
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Fayaz Faezeh , Hashemi Alireza , Khabazkhoob Mehdi 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
The objective of this review article is to ascertain the global distribution of cataract surgery and evaluate the extent of its coverage in recent years.

Recent findings
The cataract surgical rate (CSR) has been reported from 36 to 12 800 (per million population) across different countries. The average cataract surgical coverage (CSC) in the majority of countries was around 50% or lower. Additionally, in many countries, the efficient CSC (eCSC) deviates from the CSC, emphasizing the importance of attention to the quality of surgical procedures. Socioeconomic status and access to health services are key determinants in the distribution of cataract surgery. This procedure is more prevalent among older individuals, with a higher incidence among men and private insurances tend to cover a larger portion of cataract surgeries. The pandemic of COVID-19 has had a detrimental effect on cataract surgery rates in numerous countries.

Summary
The rate of cataract surgery and its extent of coverage in certain countries is inadequate. The primary factor influencing the quantity and coverage of cataract surgeries is the economic status of the countries. Additionally, government support through insurance and the provision of appropriate healthcare services can contribute to an increase in cataract surgeries.
Update on intraocular lens formulas
Authors: Raimundo Miguel , Findl Oliver 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
This review aims to discuss recent advances in intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, including newly introduced formulas, classification updates, comparative analyses between formulas, and emerging trends in the field.

Recent findings
A significant number of modern IOL power calculation formulas have become available, incorporating both established and novel concepts such as artificial intelligence and ray tracing. A revised classification system has been introduced, reflecting the underlying principles of each formula. Recent comparative studies demonstrate the excellent refractive outcomes achievable with modern formulas. Emerging trends, such as the use of sum-of-segments axial length and the incorporation of measured posterior corneal data, hold promise for refining predictions in cases of extreme axial lengths and nonphysiological corneas, respectively. Advances in optimization and analytical methods also have the potential to further enhance refractive results.

Summary
The field of IOL power calculation is continually evolving through iterative improvements in formula design, driven by new technologies, advanced instrumentation, and innovative analytical approaches. These advancements enable excellent refractive outcomes, even in atypical eyes.
A Qualitative Study Exploring Experiences in Caregiving for Patients With Advanced Wilson Disease
Authors: Baby Priya , Thomas Priya Treesa , P. Binesha , J. Jobimol , Kumar Gargi S. , M. Arun , Kamble Nitish , Yadav Ravi , Pal Pramod K. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Wilson disease (WD) is a rare disease characterized by impaired copper metabolism. It is usually diagnosed in children and has several distinct attributes that can make the caregiving experience different. The advanced stage of the illness is quite challenging, and caregiver experiences during this phase of the disease are underexplored. METHODS: The present study is an exploratory qualitative investigation with in-depth interviews aiming to understand the experiences of family caregivers of children with advanced WD receiving neuropalliative care services at a tertiary care hospital. Interviews from 7 family caregivers were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using an inductive and interpretive approach. RESULTS: Family caregivers in the study were predominantly mothers. The major themes that emerged are: being a parent and the caregiver, uncertainty related to illness, financial implications, understanding the disease dynamics, constructive coping strategies, and extended family networks and societal influences. CONCLUSION: The experiences and the encounters of family caregivers of children with advanced WD are multifaceted. Their challenging experiences underscore the need for extended supportive services and neuropalliative nursing care to assist the caregivers and families, and navigate the process of treatment and rehabilitation for the child.
Meta-analysis of FTO expression on the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Zhu Ciba , Da Mingxu , Wu Ziyao , Ma Jichun , Zhu Chenglou , An Xinqiao , Ji Dandan , Xu Chunling 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Fat mass and obesity-related gene (FTO) is aberrantly expressed in various cancers including highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the effect of FTO expression on clinicopathological and prognostic outcome of gastric cancer.

Methods:
China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNK), Wanfang database, VIP database, Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM), PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane library and EMBASE database were searched to screen the literatures according to the inclusion criteria. The search time was the database establishment until May 2023. The two researchers independently searched and screened the literature, extracted pathological data, and conducted The Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) quality evaluation. Analyze the correlation between FTO and pathological indicators of gastric cancer patients and the impact on prognosis, use and Stata 12.0, software for Meta-analysis.

Results:
A total of 1619 patients were studied in this study. The results of the Meta-analysis showed that higher expression levels of FTO were associated with TMN stage (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.11–3.03, P = .019), liver metastases (OR = 3.73, 95% CI: 1.49–9.31, P = .005), vascular invasion (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.36–3.61, P = .001), poorer overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.34–0.58, P < .001) and recurrence-free survival (HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.40–0.73, P < .001) in gastric cancer patients. There was no significant relationship with the degree of differentiation (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.49–2.35, P = .852), age (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.71–1.11, P = .306), and gender (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.74–1.14, P = .432).

Conclusion:
High expression of FTO was associated with risk of distant metastases and poor prognosis for patients with gastric cancer. FTO may be a potential prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer, but due to the limited number of literature, the above results need further research.
Residual gastritis associated with Strongyloides stercoralis infection: A case report
Authors: Cai Shanshan , Zhou Miaomiao , Zhang Yulian , Luo Wei , Xie Bushan 
Published: September 2024

Rationale:

Strongyloides stercoralis, a rare human intestinal parasite, poses a significant health risk, capable of causing lifelong infection and even mortality due to its atypical manifestation of symptoms. In this case report, we reported a case of a patient diagnosed with S. stercoralis infection of the residual stomach and meticulously detail its treatment process, offering valuable insights and a reference point for clinicians.

Patient concerns:
we report a case of infection caused by S. stercoralis after subtotal gastrectomy (Billroth type II) in a 47-year-old middle-aged man. It presents with recurrent nausea and vomiting, accompanied by intermittent food residue vomiting and constipation.

Diagnoses:
Upon endoscopic examination, we observed mucosal swelling and erosion in the anastomosis and output ring of stomach, while pathological analysis confirmed the presence of Strongyloides stercoralis eggs. Subsequently, the administration of albendazole for anti-infection treatment proved to be effective, thereby reinforcing the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection.

Intervensions:
The patient underwent aggressive management including fasting, fluid replacement, anti-infection therapy, albumin supplementation, and albendazole treatment at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day for 3 days to eliminate the parasite

Outcomes:
After treatment, the patient’s symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and constipation were alleviated and returned to normal upon discharge. Over the subsequent 3 years, the patient reported no instances of vomiting and experienced a recovery of digestive function compared to their discharge status.

Lessons:

S. stercoralis infection is relatively rare in the remnant stomach, endoscopic and pathological examination may be one of the important methods to diagnose S. stercoralis infection, and it is effective to treat albendazole according to the course of treatment.
Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome due to phenytoin: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Wang Ling , Zhang Jie , Wang Xichun , Xu Yali 
Published: September 2024

Rationale:
Drug hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a rare but potentially fatal adverse drug reaction characterized by fever, rash, and visceral organ damage, particularly affecting the liver. Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial to prevent serious complications. However, there is limited information on the clinical presentation and management of DIHS, especially in the context of antiepileptic drugs. This case report aims to highlight the importance of recognizing subtle clinical signs and symptoms of DIHS, which can be easily overlooked, particularly in the context of antiepileptic drug use.

Patient concerns:
We report a case of a 15-year-old male patient who developed DIHS after being prescribed phenytoin sodium for epilepsy. The patient presented with symptoms of fever, sore throat, rash, jaundice, and liver dysfunction. Initially, the patient did not receive glucocorticoids and experienced additional reactions to cefoxitin and phosphatidylcholine, likely due to cross-reactivity.

Diagnoses:
The diagnosis of DIHS was made based on the patient’s clinical presentation, including fever, extensive rash, organ involvement, and hematological abnormalities. The temporal association with the use of phenytoin sodium, along with the exclusion of other causes of fever and rash, supported the diagnosis.

Interventions:
Upon initiation of glucocorticoid therapy with dexamethasone, the patient’s symptoms significantly improved. The rash and pruritus decreased, and laboratory values showed improvement, with a decrease in liver enzymes and normalization of white blood cell counts.

Outcomes:
The patient’s fever resolved within 48 hours of starting corticosteroids, and there was no evidence of ongoing inflammation as indicated by a decrease in C-reactive protein levels. Furthermore, the patient’s 30-month follow-up revealed no recurrence of rash, liver dysfunction, or organic damage, indicating the long-term effectiveness of the treatment administered.

Lessons:
This case highlights the importance of recognizing the subtle clinical signs and symptoms of DIHS, especially in the context of antiepileptic drug use. It underscores the potential benefits of early initiation of glucocorticoid therapy in managing DIHS. The case also serves as a reminder of the potential for drug cross-reactivity in DIHS and the need for cautious drug selection during the acute phase of the syndrome.
Arthroscopic-assisted uni-portal ligament flavum sparing bone anchoring annular suture technique for lumbar disc herniation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Xia Gushang , Song En , Kong Qingli , Li Xianglin 
Published: September 2024

Rationale:
Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) manifests in diverse forms. If the nucleus pulposus or endplate tissues protrudes, the location of annular tears also varies, which poses various challenges for the annular suture technique. Tears at the annular attachment area at the edge of the vertebral body (cephalad or caudad) are considered a prohibitively challenging area for annular suturing.

Patient concerns:
A 37-year-old woman presented with a gradual onset of symptoms, experiencing leg pain and numbness over the left leg for 1 year before presentation. The pain radiated to the left S1 dermatome. Despite undergoing continuous medical therapy for more than 6 months, her symptoms showed no improvement. The strength of the left plantar flexion in the ankle and great toe was rated at 4 out of 5. The straight leg-raising and strengthening tests were positive for the left sides. Lumbar computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed left-sided disc herniation at the L5–S1 level, and nerve root compression, confirming the diagnosis of LDH.

Diagnoses:
The preoperative impression was LDH, intraoperative confirmation of a tear in the annular attachment area at the vertebral body edge.

Interventions:
This patient was treated with an arthroscopic-assisted uniportal spinal surgery (AUSS) technique focusing on ligament flavum (LF) preservation, protruding nucleus pulposus removal, nerve root decompression, and vertebral edge tear was then sutured using a bone anchoring annular suture with the Smile suture device.

Outcomes:
This technique was performed successfully in a patient with LDH. Significant improvements were observed in postoperative pain and numbness, Visual Analog Scale, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores. No postoperative instability or complications were observed, with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirming complete decompression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first used AUSS with LF preservation and bone anchoring annular suture technique for LDH.

Lessons:
This case study demonstrates the AUSS combined with LF preservation and the bone anchoring annular suture technique provides favorable clinical and imaging outcomes and is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of LDH.
Small bowel Crohn’s disease neglected by gastroenterologists and anorectal surgeons with a 7-year delay in diagnosis: A case report
Authors: Shen Jiayan , Huang Yingshuang , Wang Weiwei , Ke Rubin , Fan Xiuqin 
Published: September 2024

Rational:
Small bowel Crohn’s disease (SBCD) is a common site of Crohn’s disease (CD). However, owing to the anatomical characteristics of the small bowel and the limitations of traditional examination methods, the detection and diagnosis of SBCD remain difficult. Gastroenterologists and anorectal surgeons should pay more attention to improving the early diagnosis rate, so as to improve the prognosis of patients and reduce the probability of surgery due to complications.

Patient concerns:
Here, we presented a case of a young male with severe localized pain in the right kidney area and fever but no weight loss or diarrhea, who had a history of perianal abscess surgery 7 years ago and an elevated platelet count reviewing his previous medical examination report.

Diagnoses:
SBCD was not diagnosed until complications of intestinal fistula developed 7 years after perianal abscess surgery.

Interventions:
Anti-infection treatment was administered due to elevated inflammatory markers and evidence of infection on computed tomography scan, and exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) was then performed because of the diagnosis of SBCD. Although the infection was absorbed by the treatment with EEN, a laparoscopic modified partial enterectomy was finally performed due to the complication of intestinal fistula.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged on the seventh postoperative day without postoperative complications and started biologic therapy 2 weeks after surgery because he had high-risk factors for postoperative recurrence. The pathological report revealed the involvement of the ileum in CD, and confirmed the existence of the intestinal fistula.

Lessons:
Gastroenterologists and anorectal surgeons should be aware that perianal abscess could be the first manifestation of SBCD; even if typical CD manifestations are absent, proper further examinations are necessary based on the comprehensive analysis of clinical data of patients. In addition, the platelet count deserves attention in patients with potentially possible CD. More importantly, it is important to emphasize the importance of EEN in adult CD patients.
Rare symptom of left inguinal abscess secondary to a retroperitoneal perforation of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon: A case report
Authors: Nihei Mio , Kamada Teppei , Aida Takashi , Yamagishi Daisuke , Takahashi Junji , Nakashima Keigo , Ito Eisaku , Suzuki Norihiko , Hata Taigo , Yoshida Masashi , Ohdaira Hironori , Suzuki Yutaka 
Published: September 2024

Rationale:
Complicated colorectal diverticulitis could be fatal, and an abscess caused by this complication is usually formed at the pericolic, mesenteric, or pelvic abscess. Therefore, we report a rare case of sigmoid colon diverticulitis that developed a large inguinal abscess.

Patient concerns:
A woman in her 70s was admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of left inguinal swelling and tenderness 1 week before admission. Physical examination showed swelling, induration, and tenderness in the left inguinal region. Blood tests revealed elevated inflammatory reaction with C-reactive protein of 11.85 mg/dL and white blood cells of 10,300/μL. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed multiple colorectal diverticula in the sigmoid colon, edematous wall thickening with surrounding fatty tissue opacity, and abscess formation with gas in the left inguinal region extending from the left retroperitoneum.

Diagnoses:
The diagnosis was sigmoid colon diverticulitis with large abscess formation in the left inguinal region.

Interventions:
Immediate percutaneous drainage of the left inguinal region was performed, as no sign of panperitonitis was observed. Intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam of 4.5 g was administered every 6 hours for 14 days.

Outcomes:
The inflammatory response improved, with C-reactive protein of 1.11 mg/dL and white blood cell of 5600/μL. Computed tomography of the abdomen confirmed the disappearance of the abscess in the left inguinal region, and complete epithelialization of the wound was achieved 60 days after the drainage. The patient is under observation without recurrence of diverticulitis.

Lessons:
We report a rare case of sigmoid colon diverticulitis that developed a large inguinal abscess, which was immediately improved by percutaneous drainage and appropriate antibiotics administration.
Global trends and hotspots in research of paronychia: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhou Chaoxi , Yu Guangrong , Wang Qinglei , Yang Zhaoyi , Wang Huimin , Zhao Yongzhen 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Paronychia is a prevalent clinical disease profoundly affecting patients’ quality of life. As ongoing evolution in modern living environments, factors contributing to paronychia are becoming increasingly diverse. Therefore, a further understanding about latest trend of paronychia is imperative and pressing.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was performed based on Web of Science Core Collection and Science Citation Index Expanded. The search parameters encompassed keywords associated with paronychia from 1980 to 2023, and rigorous data cleaning procedures were executed to maintain the analysis’s relevance and dependability, supplemented by a thorough examination of abstracts and titles. Visibility analysis was conducted with Citespace and VOSviewer tools to explore the publication trends, collaborative networks, and impactful studies.

Results:
A total of 595 articles were included in this study. The annual publication trends exhibited a significant increase since 1990, reached a peak of 41 articles in 2021. Collaborative relationships among countries demonstrated strong connections, with the United States leading in both publication volume, citation records and international cooperation. Keyword analysis indicated that in recent years, a substantial body of research has concentrated on paronychia issues caused by epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRI)-class drugs, such as Gefitinib, Erlotinib, and Afatinib, in the context of tumor treatment.

Conclusion:
In this area, most of the recent hotspots are not focused on the basic research about paronychia due to the basic research about traditional paronychia already reached a relative mature stage. However, with the widespread clinical application of EGFRI anticancer drugs, the incidence of drug-induced paronychia is inevitably on the rise. Therefore, with the expanding diversity in the etiology of paronychia, this area deserves a multiple discipline cooperation with a much wider international communication.
Emapalumab as a therapeutic intervention for Epstein–Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A case series
Authors: Wang Wen , Yuan Xiao , Yu Li , Pei Fuyu 
Published: September 2024

Rationale:
Epstein–Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) is characterized by a severe cytokine storm, heightened inflammatory response, and immune-mediated damage to tissues and organs. Standard treatment protocols for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis often fall short in effectively controlling EBV-HLH, leading to a need for novel therapeutic options. Emapalumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interferon-gamma, has shown promise due to its targeted cytokine modulation capabilities and favorable safety profile. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of emapalumab in pediatric patients with EBV-HLH.

Patient concerns:
The case series involved 4 pediatric patients diagnosed with EBV-HLH who did not achieve disease control despite receiving comprehensive treatment.

Diagnoses:
All 4 pediatric patients were diagnosed with EBV-HLH.

Interventions:
Emapalumab was introduced as an adjunctive therapeutic intervention alongside the HLH-94 or L-DEP regimens for these patients.

Outcomes:
Among the 4 patients, 1 experienced severe multiorgan dysfunction and opted to discontinue therapy. The remaining 3 patients showed controlled disease progression with significant clinical improvements following emapalumab administration. These improvements included reduced levels of inflammatory markers, normalization of blood counts and liver function, and decreased Epstein–Barr virus viral load.

Lessons:
The findings suggest that emapalumab may be an effective and safe treatment option for pediatric EBV-HLH. However, further research is necessary to confirm these outcomes, especially in critically ill patients.
From clinical development to real-world outcomes with inclisiran
Authors: Connolly Derek L. , Sharma Vinoda , Ray Kausik K. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
Inclisiran is a small interfering RNA that blocks hepatocyte production of the PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) protein by specifically targeting PCKS9 mRNA in the cytoplasm. This results in reduced degradation of LDL receptors and thus lowers LDL cholesterol by around 50% in addition to other lipid-lowering therapies. beyond 6 years of therapy. This review covers the latest published data and outlines future studies currently in process.

Recent findings
To date, half a million doses have been given worldwide with no untoward adverse events thus far. The twice-yearly injections make it potentially very user-friendly. The large phase 3a trials saw no diminution of effect with time up to nearly 7 years. Very large phase 3b randomized controlled trials are underway and may produce significant reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events

Summary
Inclisiran has been evaluated in numerous trials, primarily the ORION 926, ORION 1027 and ORION 1128 studies, which demonstrated that in patients already on maximally tolerated statin therapy, biannual inclisiran injections reduced LDL cholesterol by up to 52% compared to placebo with a good safety profile. The only observed side effects were mild and transient at the injection site. As mentioned in the accompanying video, this adds to our armamentarium of lipid treatments.