bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The simple isocratic HPLC—UV method for the simultaneous determination of reduced and oxidized glutathione in animal tissue
Authors: Begic Aida , Djuric Ana , Gobeljic Borko , Stevanovic Ivana , Lukic Vera , Stanojevic Ivan , Ninkovic Milica , Saso Luciano , Vojvodic Danilo , Djukic Mirjana 
Published: April 2016

The aim of our work was to optimize and apply simple high-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detection (HPLC—UV) for simultaneous determination of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione in biological matrix (specifically, the rat liver tissue was used herein), since the ratio between oxidized and reduced glutathione forms (GSSG—GSH) has been recognized as an important biological marker of oxidatively depleted GSH in oxidative stress (OS)-associated diseases and poisonings. An isocratic chromatographic separation of GSH and GSSG (2.8 min and 6.3 min, respectively) was performed with the mobile phase consisted of sodium perchlorate solution (pH adjusted to 2.8) at flow rate of 1 mL min−1, detection set at 215 nm, and column temperature of 40 °C. The method offers short run time, linearity in the range of 0.01—200 μM concentration for both compounds (R2 = 1), low limits of detection and quantification (GSH: 0.18 μM and 0.56 μM, GSSG: 0.52 μM and 1.58 μM, respectively), precision, accuracy (bias < 2%), and high reproducibility.
Through suitable sample handling, an overestimation of GSSG was prevented. High recovery (>99%) was achieved. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of GSH and GSSG in liver homogenates of Wistar rats intraperitoneally exposed to cadmium (Cd) (1 mg kg−1 CdCl2/21 days). Regardless of other Cd-mediated hepatotoxicity mechanisms, herein, we have exclusively interpreted/emphasized oxidative GSH depletion.
The presented method is acceptable for a routine analysis of GSH and GSSG in biological matrix, while the calculated ratio GSSG—GSH is considered as a valuable OS marker.
Identificación simultánea y determinación cualitativa de ácido cianhídrico y fosfina por cromatografía de gases con detector de nitrógeno fósforo y automuestreador Headspace (hs-gc-npd) en fluidos biológicos
Authors: Monsalve-Salamanca Luz Adriana , Ortiz-Rangel María Martha , Mateus-Fontecha Alexis 
Published: April 2016

<p><em>Introducción:</em> en el presente artículo se describe una metodología sensible, rápida y sencilla para la identificación y determinación cualitativa de fosfina y ácido cianhídrico, en muestras biológicas (i.e., sangre y contenido gástrico) y no biológicas por cromatografía de gases (gc). <em>Metodología:</em> lo anterior se llevó a cabo por medio de un detector selectivo de nitrógeno-fósforo (npd) y automuestreador de volátiles <em>Headspace</em> (hs), empleando acetonitrilo (acn) como estándar interno (istd). El procedimiento consiste en tomar y servir en un vial 1mL de la muestra a la cual se le adiciona ácido sulfúrico; el vial se sella herméticamente y se somete a incubación a 70 °C por 5 minutos. Finalmente, se inyecta 1 mL de fase gaseosa al cromatógrafo de gases. <em>Resultados:</em> los límites de detección y cuantificación hallados, tanto para la fosfina, como para el ácido cianhídrico, fueron 0,04 mg/L y 0,2 mg/L, respectivamente. <em>Conclusiones:</em> se implementó y se validó un método cromatográfico que permite la identificación simultánea y la determinación cualitativa de ácido cianhídrico y fosfina en muestras biológicas como sangre y contenido gástrico.</p><p> </p>
Countering corruption in South Africa: The rise and fall of the Scorpions and Hawks
Authors: Montesh Moses 
Published: April 2016

In 1999 a new directorate of the National Prosecuting Authority was launched to ‘complement and, in some respects, supplement the efforts of existing law enforcement agencies in fighting national priority crimes’.Over the following seven years the Directorate of Special Operations, nicknamed the ‘Scorpions’, gained public favour; however, they were accused of, amongst other things, exceeding their jurisdiction by performing functions that fell outside their mandate. During the African National Congress conference of 2007, delegates took a decision that the Scorpions should be disbanded. In 2008, Parliament passed the South African Police Service Amendment Bill that replaced the Scorpions with the Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation, located within the South African Police Service. In 2010 this move was challenged in Hugh Glenister v President of the Republic of South Africa & Others [CCT 48/10]. The key question in this case was whether the national legislation that created the Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation, known as the Hawks (DPCI), and disbanded the Scorpions, was constitutionally valid. In March 2011 the Constitutional Court ruled that the legislation establishing the Hawks was unconstitutional and ‘invalid to the extent that it fails to secure an adequate degree of independence for the Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation.’ The Court gave the government 18 months to rectify the situation. This article provides an overview of the decisions that led to the formation and closure of the Scorpions, and the formation of the Hawks.
The code of silence: Revisiting South African police integrity
Authors: Ivkovic Sanja Kutnjak , Sauerman Adri 
Published: April 2016

In exploring the contours of the code of silence among South African police officers, our 2005 survey of 379 police officers from seven provinces found that a substantial proportion of respondents were keen to protect various forms of police corruption. Between July 2010 and August 2011 we engaged in the second sweep of the survey, encompassing 771 police officers (commissioned and non-commissioned) from nine South African provinces. Our results provide further evidence of the presence of the code of silence covering various forms of police misconduct. At least one quarter of the respondents would protect a fellow officer who verbally abused citizens, covered up police driving under the influence (DUI) accident, accepted gratuities, or failed to react to graffiti. At least one out of eight police officers showed willingness to cover up internal corruption, striking a prisoner, a kickback, a false report on drug possession, and protection of a hate crime. The results further indicate that the respondents’ willingness to adhere to the code of silence is directly related to their estimates of whether other police officers in their agency would protect such behaviour with silence, as well as to their estimates of the seriousness of misconduct and expected discipline.
Deep Oxidation of Fluorinated Hydrocarbons in Molten Catalysts
Authors: Chekryshkin Yu.S. , Rozdyalovskaya T.A. , Ismagilov Z.R. , Kerzhentsev M.A. , Tetenova O.A. , Fedorov A.A. 
Published: April 2016

<p>The oxidation of fluorine-containing organic substances: fluorocarbon liquid M-1, fluorinated alcohol H(CF<sub>2</sub>)<sub>8</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH, and powder polytetrafluoroethylene with air has been studied in melts: NaOH; 43 mol.% LiCl - 33 mol.% NaCl - 24 mol.% KCl (eutectic mixture); (LiCl-NaCl-KCl)eutec. + 10 mass.% V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>; (LiCl-NaCl-KCl) eutec. + 15 mass.% V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>; 56 mol.% Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> - 44 mol.% K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (eutectic), (Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3 </sub>K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>)eutect. + 15 mass.% V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, and K<sub>3</sub>V<sub>5</sub>O<sub>14</sub>. The compositions of the melts have been examined by GC, DTA, chemical analysis and XRD, and they have been shown to change during the reaction, depending on the composition and partial pressure of the gaseous products over the melt surface. The alkali metal chloride melt containing 15 mass.% V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> has been found to be most stable to the action of fluorine compounds. Possibility of deep oxidation of fluorine-containing organic substances in melts based on hydroxides, carbonates and chlorides of alkali metals doped with oxides of vanadium has been proved. The process of deep oxidation of fluorinated hydrocarbons is accompanied by formation of an equilibrium mixture containing hydroxides, carbonates, chlorides and fluorides of alkali metals, as well as their vanadates, if V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> additive is used. The relative amounts of these substances in molten systems are determined by the partial pressure of oxygen, CO<sub>2 </sub>and water vapor.</p>
Novel Polymer Composites on the Basis of Arylalicyclic Polyimide Blends. I. Polyimide/Polycarbonate & Polyimide/Polysulphone Blends
Authors: Kudaikulova Saule , Musapirova Zulfiya , Sobarina Natalya , Umerzakova Maira , Iskakov Rinat , Zhubanov Bulat , Abadie Marc J.M. 
Published: April 2016

The new composite materials based on dianhydride of tricyclodecentetracarbon acid and oxydianiline with two other thermally stable polymers, such as polycarbonate and polysulphone, are being reported. The synthesis of the polyimide blends was done through two ways: mechanical mixing of two homopolymer ingredients; and the so-called chemical mixing of polyimide comonomers with the above-mentioned polymers. The physico-chemical and physico-mechanical properties have been manifested in a broadening of their performance characteristics. It was not found any physical-chemical interactions between the two ingredients of the blend, which indicates the formation of a typical compatible polymer blend with an appropriate miscibility. Such new polyimide composite could be an ideal candidate for the preparation of reflective and conductive metallized polyimide blend films with wide mechanical performances.
Publicidad y sociedad. De la denotación imaginaria a la connotación real
Authors: De Juan Amat Ana 
Published: April 2016

El presente ensayo pretende invitar al lector a hacer una reflexión sobre la influencia de la publicidad en el imaginario colectivo. El emplazamiento de marcas es una potente herramienta de comunicación muy utilizada por los anunciantes como parte de su estrategia comercial. Los motivos son de gran peso: el coste del emplazamiento de marcas en la ficción es mucho más económico que la contratación de un spot en el bloque publicitario; del mismo modo, el anunciante se garantiza una gran eficacia, pues el producto o la marca es visto por el propio público objetivo del empresario, ya que éste es altamente coincidente con el segmento social seguidor de la obra audiovisual.
La clave persuasiva nace de la identificación de los personajes por parte de los espectadores, sobre todo cuando vuelven a casa tras un agotador día y esperan ansiosos poder disfrutar de la propiedad terapéutica televisiva que antaño proporcionaba el cine.
THE NEAREST ISOLATED MEMBER OF THE TW HYDRAE ASSOCIATION IS A GIANT PLANET ANALOG
Authors: Kellogg Kendra , Metchev Stanimir , Gagné Jonathan , Faherty Jacqueline 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
In a recent search for unusually red L and T dwarfs, we identified 2MASS J11193254–1137466 as a likely young L7 dwarf and potential member of the TW Hydrae association. We present spectra that confirm the youth of this object. We also measure a radial velocity of 8.5 ± 3.3 km s−1 that, together with the sky position, proper motion, and photometric distance, results in a 92% probability of membership in the TW Hydrae association, with a calibrated field contamination probability of 0.0005% using the BANYAN II tool. Using the age of TW Hydrae and the luminosity of 2MASS J11193254–1137466, we estimate its mass to be 4.3–7.6

M

Jup

. It is the lowest-mass and nearest isolated member of TW Hydrae at a kinematic distance of 28.9 ± 3.6 pc, and the second-brightest isolated <10

M

Jup

object discovered to date.
THE IMPACT OF STELLAR ROTATION ON THE DETECTABILITY OF HABITABLE PLANETS AROUND M DWARFS
Authors: Newton Elisabeth R. , Irwin Jonathan , Charbonneau David , Berta-Thompson Zachory K. , Dittmann Jason A. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Stellar activity and rotation frustrate the detection of exoplanets through the radial velocity technique. This effect is particularly of concern for M dwarfs, which can remain magnetically active for billions of years. We compile rotation periods for late-type stars and for the M dwarf planet-host sample in order to investigate the rotation periods of older field stars across the main sequence. We show that for stars with masses between 0.25 and 0.5

M

⊙

(M4V–M1V), the stellar rotation period typical of field stars coincides with the orbital periods of planets in the habitable zone. This will pose a fundamental challenge to the discovery and characterization of potentially habitable planets around early M dwarfs. Due to the longer rotation periods reached by mid M dwarfs and the shorter orbital period at which the planetary habitable zone is found, stars with masses between 0.1 and 0.25

M

⊙

(M6V–M4V) offer better opportunities for the detection of habitable planets via radial velocities.
Exemple historique et débat contre l’euro dans l’espace discursif français
Authors: Modena Silvia 
Published: April 2016

Cet article examine quelques exemples puisés dans des périodes et événements très hétérogènes, mobilisés par les opposants français à la monnaie unique lors de son lancement en 2002, pour montrer comment l’EH fonctionne en régime polémique. Les exemples historiques du « pont de la rivière Kwaï » et du « Saint Empire » servent tous deux l’argumentation polémique des détracteurs de l’euro, tout en présentant deux cas de figure différents : l’usage fait de l’exemple de la rivière Kwaï travaille à restreindre l’éventail interprétatif, alors que celui du Saint Empire joue des diverses possibilités de la mise en relation. Le renvoi à l’épisode biblique du « Veau d’or » sera également pris en considération pour montrer comment ce cliché mémoriel qui permet d’exploiter un mécanisme analogique joue un rôle argumentatif similaire à celui de l’EH. La dernière partie de notre contribution sera consacrée à illustrer la reprise de ces mêmes exemples et donc leur persistance dans le débat contemporain sur la prétendue hégémonie allemande au cœur de l’Union européenne. Leur réapparition témoigne de la prégnance et de l’efficacité de ces figures.
Exemple historique et argumentation : autour de la reconnaissance du massacre du 17 octobre 1961
Authors: Paissa Paola 
Published: April 2016

L’article analyse l’emploi de l’exemple historique (EH) dans un corpus de commentaires de lecteurs, publiés dans les forums en ligne d’un certain nombre de quotidiens. Ces commentaires réagissent au communiqué du 17 octobre 2012, par lequel le Président Hollande a reconnu le massacre de manifestants algériens qui avait eu lieu à Paris le 17 octobre 1961, quelques mois avant l’Indépendance de l’Algérie. Le procédé de l’EH est utilisé par les blogueurs en tant qu’argument polémique, qui a généralement pour finalité de critiquer l’initiative de la Présidence. Celle-ci s’encadre, quant à elle, dans le paradigme discursif de la repentance publique et réactive, par conséquent, des réseaux mémoriels controversés. Dans les blogs examinés, l’EH est donc exploité de manière volontiers paralogique ou fallacieuse, pour désavouer in toto le méfait du passé, pour nier la responsabilité de l’Etat français ou encore pour établir des comparaisons douteuses avec d’autres expériences historiques traumatisantes. Dans ce cadre, une place importante est réservée à l’emploi de l’EH dans le schéma argumentatif de la « pente glissante » et dans l’interrogation rhétorique de type ironique, un dispositif s’avérant fonctionnel pour la mise en place d’une argumentation ad ridiculum.
Pour une rhétorique sémiotique de l’image en sciences biologiques
Authors: Dondero Maria Giulia 
Published: April 2016

Cet article porte sur la rhétorique des images en sciences biologiques. Le cadre épistémologique de notre travail provient de la sociologie des sciences de Bruno Latour et de la sémiotique de l’image scientifique de Françoise Bastide, de l’orientation théorique et méthodologique de la sémiotique du discours post-greimassienne, ainsi que des théories rhétoriques du Groupe µ et de Jean-François Bordron. À travers ces différentes approches, nous visons à analyser les opérations rhétoriques accomplies par les scientifiques en laboratoire (addition, suppression, sélection, superposition, etc.) dont témoigne notre corpus d’images. Il s’agit notamment d’une rhétorique que nous appellerons « méréologique » car fondée sur la relation entre totalité et parties.
Endoscopic clipping of a big periampullary perforation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Jerath Amitabh Mohan , Singh Gurbilas P. , Singh Ravinder 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPerforation is an uncommon but serious complication during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The incidence of perforation though small but is the one that requires immediate management. Delay in identifying this complication can lead to severe morbidity and even mortality in selected cases. If one can identify a perforation during the procedure (ERCP), then the minimally invasive technique such as clipping of the perforation in expert hands can save a lot of additional operative procedures and additional hospital stay costs. We present one such case of large perforation during precut sphincterotomy in a case of difficult cannulation. The perforation was identified and successfully treated by clipping the perforation during the procedure which leads to quick recovery and short hospital stay.
Pancreatic tuberculosis mimicking cystic tumor of pancreas
Authors: Rana Surinder Singh , Gupta Rajesh , Ranjan Rajeev , Srinivasan Radhika , Bhasin Deepak Kumar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIsolated pancreatic tuberculosis is very rare, and it presents as a mass lesion and closely mimics pancreatic adenocarcinoma both clinically as well as on imaging. Further, pancreatic tuberculosis can also rarely mimic cystic tumor of the pancreas. We present an unusual case of pancreatic tuberculosis in a 42-year-old lady who presented with pain abdomen and had a cystic lesion with an enhancing mural nodule on computed tomography resembling a cystic tumor of the pancreas.
Esophageal lichen planus: A rare and under-recognized disorder
Authors: Parvez Md Nadeem , Rai Vijay , Khan Enam Mursheed , Goenka Mahesh Kumar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLichen planus (LP) is a chronic idiopathic disorder involving the skin and mucosal surfaces. Although oral mucosal involvement is common, esophageal LP (ELP) is uncommon and also under-reported. Here, we present a case of ELP who was symptomatic with dysphagia for a year, but was untreated. Increasing awareness of this condition can help identify more cases and increase our understanding of this uncommon but interesting condition.
On topological groups with remainder of character k
Authors: Bonanzinga Maddalena , Cuzzupè Maria Vittoria 
Published: April 2016

<p style="margin: 0px;">In [A.V. Arhangel'skii and J. van Mill, On topological groups with a first-countable remainder, Top. Proc. <span id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT1099_com_zimbra_phone" class="Object">42 (2013), 157-163</span>] it is proved that the character of a non-locally compact topological group with a first countable remainder doesn't exceed $\omega_1$ and a non-locally compact topological group of character $\omega_1$ having a compactification whose reminder is first countable is given. We generalize these results in the general case of an arbitrary infinite cardinal k.</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p>
Hazard function theory for nonstationary natural hazards
Authors: Read Laura K. , Vogel Richard M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Impact from natural hazards is a shared global problem that causes tremendous loss of life and property, economic cost, and damage to the environment. Increasingly, many natural processes show evidence of nonstationary behavior including wind speeds, landslides, wildfires, precipitation, streamflow, sea levels, and earthquakes. Traditional probabilistic analysis of natural hazards based on peaks over threshold (POT) generally assumes stationarity in the magnitudes and arrivals of events, i.e., that the probability of exceedance of some critical event is constant through time. Given increasing evidence of trends in natural hazards, new methods are needed to characterize their probabilistic behavior. The well-developed field of hazard function analysis (HFA) is ideally suited to this problem because its primary goal is to describe changes in the exceedance probability of an event over time. HFA is widely used in medicine, manufacturing, actuarial statistics, reliability engineering, economics, and elsewhere. HFA provides a rich theory to relate the natural hazard event series (X) with its failure time series (T), enabling computation of corresponding average return periods, risk, and reliabilities associated with nonstationary event series. This work investigates the suitability of HFA to characterize nonstationary natural hazards whose POT magnitudes are assumed to follow the widely applied generalized Pareto model. We derive the hazard function for this case and demonstrate how metrics such as reliability and average return period are impacted by nonstationarity and discuss the implications for planning and design. Our theoretical analysis linking hazard random variable X with corresponding failure time series T should have application to a wide class of natural hazards with opportunities for future extensions.
Geophysical evidence of pre-sag rifting and post-rifting fault reactivation in the Parnaíba basin, Brazil
Authors: de Castro David Lopes , Bezerra Francisco Hilário , Fuck Reinhardt Adolfo , Vidotti Roberta Mary 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. This study investigated the rifting mechanism that preceded the prolonged subsidence of the Paleozoic Parnaíba basin in Brazil and shed light on the tectonic evolution of this large cratonic basin in the South American platform. From the analysis of aeromagnetic, aerogravity, seismic reflection and borehole data, we concluded the following: (1) large pseudo-gravity and gravity lows mimic graben structures but are associated with linear supracrustal strips in the basement. (2) Seismic data indicate that 120–200 km wide and up to 300 km long rift zones occur in other parts of the basins. These rift zones mark the early stage of the 3.5 km thick sag basin. (3) The rifting phase occurred in the early Paleozoic and had a subsidence rate of 47 m Myr−1. (4) This rifting phase was followed by a long period of sag basin subsidence at a rate of 9.5 m Myr−1 between the Silurian and the late Cretaceous, during which rift faults propagated and influenced deposition. These data interpretations support the following succession of events: (1) after the Brasiliano orogeny (740–580 Ma), brittle reactivation of ductile basement shear zones led to normal and dextral oblique-slip faulting concentrated along the Transbrasiliano Lineament, a continental-scale shear zone that marks the boundary between basement crustal blocks. (2) The post-orogenic tectonic brittle reactivation of the ductile basement shear zones led to normal faulting associated with dextral oblique-slip crustal extension. In the west, pure-shear extension induced the formation of rift zones that crosscut metamorphic foliations and shear zones within the Parnaíba block. (3) The rift faults experienced multiple reactivation phases. (4) Similar processes may have occurred in coeval basins in the Laurentia and Central African blocks of Gondwana.