bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supercell storms in Switzerland: case studies and implications for nowcasting severe winds with Doppler radar
Authors: Schmid W , Schiesser H‐H , Bauer‐Messmer B 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThree severe hail‐ and windstorms, which occurred in Northern Switzerland, have been investigated. The storms produced hailswaths of 70–170 km in length and 12–25 km in width. Compact tracks of severe wind damages within the hailswaths are documented from public reports. These tracks have a length of 12–25 km. The damage was produced by straight‐line winds rather than by tornadoes. Volume‐scan Doppler radar data of the storms are available in time steps of 5 min. Radar signatures, such as low‐level convergence and shear, mid‐level vorticity, and high‐level divergence, were attributed to the damage tracks at the ground. The low‐level radar signatures allow the deduction of the time of occurrence of the damage tracks with a precision of some minutes.Striking similarities in the evolution of the three storms were found. The storms developed in the foothills of the Alps and the Jura mountains and propagated towards the plains of the Swiss midland. The storms can be classified as ‘high‐precipitation’ supercell storms, known as producers of severe straight‐line winds in the USA. Meso(anti)cyclonic vortex signatures were seen 40–55 min in advance of the heavy wind damage at the ground. The damage tracks were associated with explosive secondary cellular growth aloft. The physical explanation of this behaviour is that the first cells with mid‐level rotation produced a gust front outflow that was accelerated to damaging strength at the time when the secondary cellular growth was initiated. The operational implication is that the nowcasting of severe and damaging winds can be improved by considering mid‐level rotation in an early stage of the evolving storms. Copyright © 1997 Royal Meteorological Society.
Meteorological situations associated with significant temperature falls in Buenos Aires: an application to the daily consumption of residential natural gas
Authors: Escobar Gustavo , Bischoff Susana 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe synoptic situations associated with significant temperature decreases in Buenos Aires are analysed. Knowledge of these situations for the winter season is very useful for the community, especially when they are related to the consumption of natural gas, which is one of the most important sources of energy in Argentina. The rotated principal component method is used to classify the synoptic situations. The significant temperature decreases in winter during the period 1980–1988 occur in five modes at 1000 hPa and three modes at 500 hPa. The relationship between the two levels identifies two dominant patterns. The first has a strong high‐pressure system with a northwest–southeast axis and a maximum strength near 80°W, 40°S; this pattern is related to south‐southeast winds over Buenos Aires. The second type shows a high‐pressure system at 105°W, 48°S and a minimum near 110°W, 30°–35°S; this kind of pattern is associated with persistent blocking situations in the South Pacific which result in persistent winds from the south over Buenos Aires. In addition, a relationship between such situations and the resulting increases in the demand for natural gas in residential areas is shown. This will help in the forecasting of such events in the future. Copyright © 1999 Royal Meteorological Society
The impact of HIV-related neuropsychological dysfunction
on driving behavior
Authors: MARCOTTE THOMAS D. , HEATON ROBERT K. , WOLFSON TANYA , TAYLOR MICHAEL J. , ALHASSOON OMAR , ARFAA KAIVON , ELLIS RONALD J. , GRANT IGOR , GROUP THE HNRC 
Published: July 2002

The following is a correction for an error that occurred in the Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Vol. 6, No. 3. The error occurred in the article titled “Personality change disorder in children and adolescents following traumatic brain injury,” pp. 279–289, by Max et al. On page 285, under the subheading “Injury Factors,” beginning with the second sentence in the first paragraph, the statement should read:Visual inspection of the distribution of PC relative to lowest post-resuscitation GCS scores revealed that a cut-off of lowest post-resuscitation GCS score of 4 or less versus more than 4 yielded a sensitivity for a diagnosis of persistent PC of 9/14 (64.3%), specificity of 18/23 (78.3%), and a positive predictive value of 0.64 (9.14).A cut-off of duration of impaired consciousness of 100 hr or less versus more than 100 hr yielded a sensitivity for a diagnosis of persistent PC of 11/14 (78.6%), specificity of 20/23 (87.0%), and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.79 (11/14).
Did dinosaurs invent flowers? Dinosaur—angiosperm coevolution revisited
Authors: BARRETT PAUL M. , WILLIS KATHERINE J. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTAngiosperms first appeared in northern Gondwana during the Early Cretaceous, approximately 135 million years ago. Several authors have hypothesised that the origin of angiosperms, and the tempo and pattern of their subsequent radiation, was mediated by changes in the browsing behaviour of large herbivorous dinosaurs (sauropods and ornithischians). Moreover, the taxonomic and ecological radiation of angiosperms has been associated with the evolution of complex jaw mechanisms among ornithischian dinosaurs. Here, we review critically the evidence for dinosaur–angiosperm interactions during the Cretaceous Period, providing explicit spatiotemporal comparisons between evolutionary and palaeoecological events in both the dinosaur and angiosperm fossil records and an assessment of the direct and indirect evidence for dinosaur diets. We conclude that there are no strong spatiotemporal correlations in support of the hypothesis that dinosaurs were causative agents in the origin of angiosperms; however, dinosaur–angiosperm interactions in the Late Cretaceous may have resulted in some coevolutionary interactions, although direct evidence of such interactions is scanty at present. It is likely that other animal groups (insects, arboreal mammals) had a greater impact on angiosperm diversity during the Cretaceous than herbivorous dinosaurs. Elevated levels of atmospheric CO2might have played a critical role in the initial stages of the angiosperm radiation.
A Microsphere-Based Assay for Multiplexed Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis Using Single Base Chain Extension
Authors: Chen Jingwen , Iannone Marie A. , Li May-Sung , Taylor J. David , Rivers Philip , Nelsen Anita J. , Slentz-Kesler Kimberly A. , Roses Allen , Weiner Michael P. 
Published: July 2002

A rapid, high throughput readout for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was developed employing single base chain extension and cytometric analysis of an array of fluorescent microspheres. An array of fluorescent microspheres was coupled with uniquely identifying sequences, termed complementary ZipCodes (cZipCodes), which allowed for multiplexing possibilities. For a given assay, querying a polymorphic base involved extending an oligonucleotide containing both a ZipCode and a SNP-specific sequence with a DNA polymerase and a pair of fluoresceinated dideoxynucleotides. To capture the reaction products for analysis, the ZipCode portion of the oligonucleotide was hybridized with its cZipCodes on the microsphere. Flow cytometry was used for microsphere decoding and SNP typing by detecting the fluorescein label captured on the microspheres. In addition to multiplexing capability, the ZipCode system allows multiple sets of SNPs to be analyzed by a limited set of cZipCode-attached microspheres. A standard set of non-cross reactive ZipCodes was established experimentally and the accuracy of the system was validated by comparison with genotypes determined by other technologies. From a total of 58 SNPs, 55 SNPs were successfully analyzed in the first pass using this assay format and all 181 genotypes across the 55 SNPs were correct. These data demonstrate that the microsphere-based single base chain extension (SBCE) method is a sensitive and reliable assay. It can be readily adapted to an automated, high-throughput genotyping system.[Primer sequences used in this study are available as online supplementary materials at www.genome.org.]
Discovery of a Novel, Paternally Expressed Ubiquitin-specific Processing Protease Gene through Comparative Analysis of an Imprinted Region of Mouse Chromosome 7 and Human Chromosome 19q13.4
Authors: Kim Joomyeong , Noskov Vladimir N. , Lu Xiaochen , Bergmann Anne , Ren Xiaojia , Warth Tiffany , Richardson Paul , Kouprina Natalya , Stubbs Lisa 
Published: July 2002

Using mouse BAC clones spanning an imprinted interval of proximal mouse chromosome 7 and the genomic sequence of the related interval of human chromosome 19q13.4, we have identified a novel mouse gene,Usp29 (ubiquitin-specific processing protease 29), near two known imprinted genes, Peg3 and Zim1. GeneUsp29 is located directly adjacent to Peg3 in a “head-to-head” orientation, and comprises exons distributed over a genomic distance of at least 400 kb. A similar human gene is also found in the homologous location in human chromosome 19q13.4. The mouseUsp29 gene is also imprinted and is transcribed mainly from the paternal allele with highest expression levels in adult brain, especially in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and in the forebrain, face, and limb buds of midgestation mouse embryos. Analysis of a full-length 7.6-kb cDNA clone revealed that Usp29 encodes an 869-amino-acid protein that displays significant homology with yeast and nematode ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolases. These data suggest that, like the candidate Angelman syndrome gene Ube3a(ubiquitin ligase), Usp29 may represent another imprinted gene involved in the ubiquitination pathway. This identification of a third imprinted gene, Usp29, from the Peg3/Zim1-region confirms the presence of a conserved imprinted domain spanning at least 500 kb in the proximal portion of mouse chromosome 7 (Mmu7).[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession nos. AF229257 andAF229438.]
An Ordered Comparative Map of the Cattle and Human Genomes
Authors: Band Mark R. , Larson Joshua H. , Rebeiz Mark , Green Cheryl A. , Heyen D. Wayne , Donovan Jena , Windish Ryan , Steining Chad , Mahyuddin Prapti , Womack James E. , Lewin Harris A. 
Published: July 2002

A cattle–human whole-genome comparative map was constructed using parallel radiation hybrid (RH) mapping in conjunction with EST sequencing, database mining for unmapped cattle genes, and a predictive bioinformatics approach (COMPASS) for targeting specific homologous regions. A total of 768 genes were placed on the RH map in addition to 319 microsatellites used as anchor markers. Of these, 638 had human orthologs with mapping data, thus permitting construction of an ordered comparative map. The large number of ordered loci revealed ⋝ 105 conserved segments between the two genomes. The comparative map suggests that 41 translocation events, a minimum of 54 internal rearrangements, and repositioning of all but one centromere can account for the observed organizations of the cattle and human genomes. In addition, the COMPASS in silico mapping tool was shown to be 95% accurate in its ability to predict cattle chromosome location from random sequence data, demonstrating this tool to be valuable for efficient targeting of specific regions for detailed mapping. The comparative map generated will be a cornerstone for elucidating mammalian chromosome phylogeny and the identification of genes of agricultural importance.“Ought we, for instance, to begin by discussing each separate species—in virtue of some common element of their nature, and proceed from this as a basis for the consideration of them separately?” from Aristotle, On the Parts of Animals, 350 B.C.E.[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession nos.AW244888-AW244897, AW261132-AW261195, AW266849-AW267161,AW289175-AW289430, AW428566-AW428607, AW621146, AW621147.]
A Complete Sequence of the T. tengcongensis Genome
Authors: Bao Qiyu , Tian Yuqing , Li Wei , Xu Zuyuan , Xuan Zhenyu , Hu Songnian , Dong Wei , Yang Jian , Chen Yanjiong , Xue Yanfen , Xu Yi , Lai Xiaoqin , Huang Li , Dong Xiuzhu , Ma Yanhe , Ling Lunjiang , Tan Huarong , Chen Runsheng , Wang Jian , Yu Jun , Yang Huanming 
Published: July 2002

Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis is a rod-shaped, gram-negative, anaerobic eubacterium that was isolated from a freshwater hot spring in Tengchong, China. Using a whole-genome-shotgun method, we sequenced its 2,689,445-bp genome from an isolate, MB4T (Genbank accession no. AE008691). The genome encodes 2588 predicted coding sequences (CDS). Among them, 1764 (68.2%) are classified according to homology to other documented proteins, and the rest, 824 CDS (31.8%), are functionally unknown. One of the interesting features of the T. tengcongensis genome is that 86.7% of its genes are encoded on the leading strand of DNA replication. Based on protein sequence similarity, the T. tengcongensis genome is most similar to that of Bacillus halodurans, a mesophilic eubacterium, among all fully sequenced prokaryotic genomes up to date. Computational analysis on genes involved in basic metabolic pathways supports the experimental discovery that T. tengcongensis metabolizes sugars as principal energy and carbon source and utilizes thiosulfate and element sulfur, but not sulfate, as electron acceptors. T. tengcongensis, as a gram-negative rod by empirical definitions (such as staining), shares many genes that are characteristics of gram-positive bacteria whereas it is missing molecular components unique to gram-negative bacteria. A strong correlation between the G + C content of tDNA and rDNA genes and the optimal growth temperature is found among the sequenced thermophiles. It is concluded that thermophiles are a biologically and phylogenetically divergent group of prokaryotes that have converged to sustain extreme environmental conditions over evolutionary timescale.[Supplemental material is available online athttp://www.genome.org.]
d2_cluster: A Validated Method for Clustering EST and Full-Length cDNA Sequences
Authors: Burke John , Davison Dan , Hide Winston 
Published: July 2002

Several efforts are under way to condense single-read expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and full-length transcript data on a large scale by means of clustering or assembly. One goal of these projects is the construction of gene indices where transcripts are partitioned into index classes (or clusters) such that they are put into the same index class if and only if they represent the same gene. Accurate gene indexing facilitates gene expression studies and inexpensive and early partial gene sequence discovery through the assembly of ESTs that are derived from genes that have yet to be positionally cloned or obtained directly through genomic sequencing. We describe d2_cluster, an agglomerative algorithm for rapidly and accurately partitioning transcript databases into index classes by clustering sequences according to minimal linkage or “transitive closure” rules. We then evaluate the relative efficiency of d2_cluster with respect to other clustering tools. UniGene is chosen for comparison because of its high quality and wide acceptance. It is shown that although d2_cluster and UniGene produce results that are between 83% and 90% identical, the joining rate of d2_cluster is between 8% and 20% greater than UniGene. Finally, we present the first published rigorous evaluation of under and over clustering (in other words, of type I and type II errors) of a sequence clustering algorithm, although the existence of highly identical gene paralogs means that care must be taken in the interpretation of the type II error. Upper bounds for these d2_cluster error rates are estimated at 0.4% and 0.8%, respectively. In other words, the sensitivity and selectivity of d2_cluster are estimated to be >99.6% and 99.2%.[Supplementary material to this paper may be found online at www.genome.org and atwww.pangeasystems.com.]
LeCPK1, a Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase from Tomato. Plasma Membrane Targeting and Biochemical Characterization
Authors: Rutschmann Frank , Stalder Urs , Piotrowski Markus , Oecking Claudia , Schaller Andreas 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The cDNA of LeCPK1, a calcium-dependent protein kinase, was cloned from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). LeCPK1 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified from bacterial extracts. The recombinant protein was shown to be a functional protein kinase using a synthetic peptide as the substrate (syntide-2,K m = 85 μm). Autophosphorylation of LeCPK1 was observed on threonine and serine residues, one of which was identified as serine-439. Kinase activity was shown to be Ca2+ dependent and required the C-terminal, calmodulin-like domain of LeCPK1. Two classes of high- and low-affinity Ca2+-binding sites were observed, exhibiting dissociation constants of 0.6 and 55 μm, respectively. LeCPK1 was found to phosphorylate the regulatory C-terminal domain of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in vitro. A potential role in the regulation of proton pump activity is corroborated by the apparent colocalization of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase and LeCPK1 in vivo. Upon transient expression in suspension-cultured cells, a C-terminal fusion of LeCPK1 with the green fluorescent protein was targeted to the plasma membrane. Myristoylation of theLeCPK1 N terminus was found to be required for plasma membrane targeting.
An Arabidopsis Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Is Associated with the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Lu Sheen X. , Hrabak Estelle M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractArabidopsis contains 34 genes that are predicted to encode calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs). CDPK enzymatic activity previously has been detected in many locations in plant cells, including the cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and the membrane fraction. However, little is known about the subcellular locations of individual CDPKs or the mechanisms involved in targeting them to those locations. We investigated the subcellular location of one Arabidopsis CDPK, AtCPK2, in detail. Membrane-associated AtCPK2 did not partition with the plasma membrane in a two-phase system. Sucrose gradient fractionation of microsomes demonstrated that AtCPK2 was associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). AtCPK2 does not contain transmembrane domains or known ER-targeting signals, but does have predicted amino-terminal acylation sites. AtCPK2 was myristoylated in a cell-free extract and myristoylation was prevented by converting the glycine at the proposed site of myristate attachment to alanine (G2A). In plants, the G2A mutation decreased AtCPK2 membrane association by approximately 50%. A recombinant protein, consisting of the first 10 amino acids of AtCPK2 fused to the amino-terminus of β-glucuronidase, was also targeted to the ER, indicating that the amino terminus of AtCPK2 can specify ER localization of a soluble protein. These results indicate that AtCPK2 is localized to the ER, that myristoylation is likely to be involved in the membrane association of AtCPK2, and that the amino terminal region of AtCPK2 is sufficient for correct membrane targeting.
Mutational Analysis of the Ethylene Receptor ETR1. Role of the Histidine Kinase Domain in Dominant Ethylene Insensitivity
Authors: Gamble Rebekah L. , Qu Xiang , Schaller G. Eric 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The ethylene receptor family of Arabidopsis consists of five members, one of these being ETR1. The N-terminal half of ETR1 contains a hydrophobic domain responsible for ethylene binding and membrane localization. The C-terminal half of the polypeptide contains domains with homology to histidine (His) kinases and response regulators, signaling motifs originally identified in bacteria. The role of the His kinase domain in ethylene signaling was examined in planta. For this purpose, site-directed mutations were introduced into the full-length wild-type ETR1 gene and into etr1-1, a mutant allele that confers dominant ethylene insensitivity on plants. The mutant forms of the receptor were expressed in Arabidopsis and the transgenic plants characterized for their ethylene responses. A mutation that eliminated His kinase activity did not affect the ability of etr1-1 to confer ethylene insensitivity. A truncated version of etr1-1 that lacks the His kinase domain also conferred ethylene insensitivity. Possible mechanisms by which a truncated version of etr1-1 could exert dominance are discussed.
Identification of an Arabidopsis thaliana Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Activase (RCA) Minimal Promoter Regulated by Light and the Circadian Clock
Authors: Liu Z. , Taub C. C. , McClung C. R. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Transcription of the Arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase (RCA) is organ-specific, light-responsive, and regulated by the circadian clock. RCA is transcribed throughout the green parts of the plant, but not in roots and petals. Responses elicited by short pulses of light indicate that the light response is mediated, at least in part, by phytochrome. Analysis of transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis carrying RCA 5[prime] untranscribed regions fused to reporter genes (uidA, encoding β-glucuronidase, or cat, encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) indicate that elements sufficient to confer organ-specific, light-responsive, and clock-regulated transcription are localized within 317 base pairs upstream of the site of transcription initiation. A clock-responsive element sufficient to confer a low-amplitude (approximately 2-fold) circadian oscillation lies within 317 base pairs of the transcription start, but other elements necessary for high-amplitude (approximately 10-fold) circadian oscillation lie upstream of -317 and are removed by deletion from -970 to -317.
An Improved Green Fluorescent Protein Gene as a Vital Marker in Plants
Authors: Pang S. Z. , DeBoer D. L. , Wan Y. , Ye G. , Layton J. G. , Neher M. K. , Armstrong C. L. , Fry J. E. , Hinchee MAW. , Fromm M. E. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A synthetic green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene (pgfp) was constructed to improve GFP expression in plants. Corn and tobacco protoplast transient assays showed that pgfp gave about 20-fold brighter fluorescence than the wild-type gene (gfp). Replacement of the serine at position 65 with a threonine (S65Tpgfp) or a cysteine (S65Cpgfp) yielded 100- to 120-fold brighter fluorescence than wild-type gfp upon excitation with 490-nm light. Incorporation of a plant intron into the coding region yielded an additional 1.4-fold improvement, for a cumulative improvement of about 150-fold in fluorescence at 490-nm excitation. Various versions of pgfp were also stably introduced into corn, wheat, tobacco, and Arabidopsis plants. Bright-green fluorescence was observed with a fluorescence microscope in virtually all examined tissues of transgenic monocots and dicots. In the case of Arabidopsis, expression of the pgfp gene under the enhanced 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus produced green fluorescence that was readily detectable by eye using a hand-held, long-wave ultraviolet lamp and/or a black-light source.