bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is institutional investor a supervisor or cooperator?
Authors: Li Yuedong , Liu Xianbing , Yan Qing 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether top management will assume their liabilities especially when financial restatement occurs, and,based on the “effective supervision theory” and “strategic cooperation theory,” to examine whether an institutional investor is a supervisor or a cooperator considering the management turnover caused by financial restatement in the companies.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample of the A-share-listed companies from year 2010 to year 2014 and dividing financial restatement into fraudulent financial restatement and other financial restatement, the authors examine the relationship between financial restatement and abnormal management turnover, which usually is related to the management integrity or capacity. By using group test methods, the authors test the influence of the institutional investors’ shareholding on the relation between financial restatements and management turnover.

Findings
This paper finds that financial restatement can result in abnormal management turnover, especially the fraudulent financial restatement. The institutional investors usually are supervisors but when the shareholding of institutional investor is too high and the management turnover results from fraudulent financial restatement, the institutional investors may become cooperators with management in the companies. Besides, the institutional investors play the supervisory function more significantly in non-state-owned enterprises.

Originality/value
This paper expands literature of the institutional investors in the corporate governance area and provides a basis for future research in the area of the institutional investors’ governance effect. It divides financial restatements into fraudulent financial restatement and other financial restatement and examines the relationship between financial restatement and abnormal management turnover so as to provide evidence about whether the management will assume their responsibilities when there is financial restatement in the company. It also tests whether the institutional investors will play supervisor’s or cooperator’s function in state-owned and non-state-owned enterprises.
Aesthetic reconstruction of retroauricular keloid: Creating a keystone flap from the mastoid‐helix area
Authors: Park Tae Hwan , Kim Chan Woo , Chang Choong Hyun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAdvances in aesthetic rhinoplasty using conchal cartilage grafts have led to a high occurrence of retroauricular keloids. The purpose of this study is to introduce our surgical experiences using a keystone flap in retroauricular keloids following conchal cartilage grafts. The present study is a retrospective review of patients with pathologically confirmed retroauricular keloids following conchal cartilage grafts. These cases were surgically excised and we covered the defect with a keystone flap followed by one‐time steroid injection at postoperative day 14 and silicone gel sheeting application for 3 months. Treatment outcome was recorded as recurrence or non‐recurrence. In all patients, a follow‐up period of minimum 12 months was required. Of these patients, 90.0% had successful treatment of their auricular keloids, whereas 10.0% had recurrences. The postoperative course was uneventful. In conclusion, our aesthetic reconstruction using a keystone flap created from the mastoid‐helix area is a useful treatment strategy in terms of retroauricular keloids following conchal cartilage grafts.
Making rewilding fit for policy
Authors: Pettorelli Nathalie , Barlow Jos , Stephens Philip A. , Durant Sarah M. , Connor Ben , Schulte to Bühne Henrike , Sandom Christopher J. , Wentworth Jonathan , du Toit Johan T. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Rewilding, here defined as “the reorganisation of biota and ecosystem processes to set an identified social–ecological system on a preferred trajectory, leading to the self‐sustaining provision of ecosystem services with minimal ongoing management,” is increasingly considered as an environmental management option, with potential for enhancing both biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Despite burgeoning interest in the concept, there are uncertainties and difficulties associated with the practical implementation of rewilding projects, while the evidence available for facilitating sound decision‐making for rewilding initiatives remains elusive.

We identify five key research areas to inform the implementation of future rewilding initiatives: increased understanding of the links between actions and impacts; improved risk assessment processes, through, for example, better definition and quantification of ecological risks; improved predictions of spatio‐temporal variation in potential economic costs and associated benefits; better identification and characterisation of the likely social impacts of a given rewilding project; and facilitated emergence of a comprehensive and practical framework for the monitoring and evaluation of rewilding projects.

Policy implications. Environmental legislation is commonly based on a “compositionalist” paradigm itself predicated on the preservation of historical conditions characterised by the presence of particular species assemblages and habitat types. However, global environmental change is driving some ecosystems beyond their limits so that restoration to historical benchmarks or modern likely equivalents may no longer be an option. This means that the current environmental policy context could present barriers to the broad implementation of rewilding projects. To progress the global rewilding agenda, a better appreciation of current policy opportunities and constraints is required. This, together with a clear definition of rewilding and a scientifically robust rationale for its local implementation, is a prerequisite to engage governments in revising legislation where required to facilitate the operationalisation of rewilding.
PI3K/AKT/JNK/p38 signalling pathway‐mediated neural apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex of mice is involved in the antidepressant‐like effect of pioglitazone
Authors: Li Jie , Xu Bing , Chen Zhi , Zhou Chanjuan , Liao Li , Qin Yinghua , Yang Chuangchuang , Zhang Xiaodong , Hu Zicheng , Sun Lin , Zhu Dan , Xie Peng 
Published: January 2018

SummaryNumerous studies have reported that inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Pioglitazone, a PPAR‐γ agonist, has potential anti‐inflammatory and antidepressive effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the antidepressant‐like effect of pioglitazone on an inflammation‐related mouse model of depression remain to be fully elucidated. Herein, we aimed to explore the effects of pioglitazone on depressive‐like behaviours of mice exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We assessed behaviour changes of mice pretreated with pioglitazone exposed to LPS. Additionally, neural apoptosis, and the expression of apoptosis‐related (cleaved caspase‐3, Bax, Bcl‐2, cyt c) and signalling proteins (AKT, JNK, p38) were assessed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of these mice. Furthermore, we assessed the influence of anisomycin, a JNK/p38 agonist, and LY294002, a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, on the antidepressant‐like effect of pioglitazone in mice. We show that pioglitazone pretreatment (20 mg/kg, intragastrically) attenuated LPS‐induced (10 ng/μL per site) depressive‐like behaviours. GW9662, a PPAR‐γ antagonist, significantly blocked the antidepressant‐like effect of pioglitazone. Furthermore, at the molecular level, pioglitazone significantly reversed, via PPAR‐γ‐dependent increase in neural apoptosis in the PFC of mice, accompanied by upregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and down‐regulation of the JNK/p38 pathway. Moreover, both anisomycin and LY294002 abrogated the antidepressant‐like effect of pioglitazone.; In conclusion, our results showed that PI3K/AKT/JNK/p38 signalling pathway‐mediated neural apoptosis in the PFC of mice may be involved in the antidepressant‐like effect of pioglitazone. This provides novel insights into and therapeutic targets for inflammation‐related depression.
Syntactic Echoes Of Pronominal Cliticization And Grammaticalization: The Case Of Old High German First‐Person Plural ‐Mes
Authors: Somers Katerina , Allison Mary , Boutilier Matthew , Howell Robert 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe origin of first person plural (1PL) ‘long’ forms of the type faramês/‐mes ‘(we) go’ in Old High German (OHG) is one of the most intractable problems in the history of the Germanic languages. Because these forms are confined only to OHG and have no obvious parallel elsewhere in Germanic or Indo‐European, most of the tools of the comparative method are of little use, with the result that the many accounts put forward over the past two centuries rely on a series of unlikely and ad hoc assumptions. What is more, previous work has focused on the one aspect of the problem that scholars are least likely to solve given the array of texts we presently have at our disposal, while paying little attention to what we argue is the more promising line of inquiry. That is, existing studies discuss in detail the possible morphological sources of ‐mes and their phonological development and focus little on the syntactic environments in which verbs inflected with ‐mes occur. We intend to reverse this trend through a comprehensive examination of ‐mes across the OHG corpus, with a particular focus on two of its major monuments, the OHG Tatian and Otfrid’s Evangelienbuch; this analysis shows that the syntactic distribution of ‐mes‐inflected verbs point to the suffix being diachronically and synchronically pronominal. Thus, we conclude that ‐mes must have arisen as the result of pronominal cliticization, a suggestion first put forth by Kuhn () and Paul ().
Son of the Sixties: The Controversial Image of Bill Clinton
Authors: WHITE MARK 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBill Clinton's willingness to engage with popular culture, such as appearing on MTV, reinforced the claim he made that as a New Democrat he represented something new ideologically. With his 1963 meeting with John Kennedy, his admiration for Martin Luther King, and his association with (and controversial opposition to) the Vietnam War, he became a symbol of the 1960s. He was described as the first black president in terms of what he represented culturally and was strongly identified with the feminist agenda. His regional identification with the South was another ingredient in his image. Overall his image created a sense of Clinton as something new in American politics and this was a crucial ingredient in his political success.
Sudden Death from Cardiopulmonary Arrest on Arrival of a Patient with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Diagnosed by Postmortem CT and Autopsy
Authors: Yaguchi Daizo , Ichikawa Motoshi , Inoue Noriko , Kobayashi Daisuke , Shizu Masato , Imai Naoyuki , Watanabe Kazuko 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSudden death due to massive hemoptysis during management of tuberculosis occurs in a considerable number of patients. However, when massive airway hemorrhage occurs in a patient in whom tuberculosis has not been confirmed and a blood is not apparent externally on the face/body, it is difficult to immediately identify the cause of death as airway obstruction by tuberculous bleeding in the airway. We encountered an 83‐year‐old Japanese woman with her medical history included treatment of tuberculosis in her 20s who was in cardiopulmonary arrest on arrival (CPAOA), and the cause of sudden death could not initially be identified. Postmortem CT (PMCT) and autopsy revealed that the cause of sudden death was airway obstruction/asphyxia by tuberculous massive airway hemorrhage. Identification of the cause of death facilitated a subsequent active contact investigation and led to prevention of secondary tuberculosis infection.
STUDYING CRIME TRENDS: NORMAL SCIENCE AND EXOGENOUS SHOCKS*
Authors: ROSENFELD RICHARD 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe study of crime trends has proceeded along two paths: 1) normal science investigations of slow‐moving and tractable changes in crime rates and explanatory conditions and 2) research encounters with unexpected and abrupt changes in crime rates resulting from exogenous shocks. I draw from my research on the relationship between crime rates and changing macroeconomic conditions to illustrate the pains and pleasures of studying crime trends with the tools of normal science. I describe my exploratory investigations of the recent homicide rise in the United States to underscore the theoretical importance and methodological challenges of research on exogenous shocks to crime rates. Finally, I hope to convey to the next generation of criminologists the intellectual excitement that comes from the study of crime trends.
Effect of Thermostable α‐Amylase Addition on Producing the Porous‐Structured Noodles Using Extrusion Treatment
Authors: Li Jingpeng , Jiao Aiquan , Rashed Marwan M.A. , Deng Li , Xu Xueming , Jin Zhengyu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractProblems with rehydration and palatability are considered as unacceptable quality characteristics for the noodles produced using high‐strength extrusion technique. Thus, the aim of this study was to solve these problems by designing a novel method to create a porous structure for the high‐strength extruded noodles (HENs). The quality indices of HENs were significantly improved after adding to them thermostable α‐amylase (TαA) at 0.05% to 0.10%. The microstructure graphs showed that a well‐developed porous structures was successfully created throughout noodle strands. This indicated that the TαA has effectively worked on starch granules in spite of the high‐strength performance of the extrusion process. MALLS‐GFC, X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimeter investigations showed that the appearance of a porous structure was mainly attributed to the internal collapse of α‐1,4‐glycosidic bonds and the dissolution of water‐soluble degradation products, such as dextrin and oligosaccharides. Moreover, the slight inhibited effect of excess TαA on the starch gelatinization was because of the fact that the high enzyme concentration might cause TαA to adhere or overlay on it.Practical ApplicationThe rehydration and palatability properties of HENs were greatly improved by creating a well‐developed or honeycomb‐like porous structure using TαA at low concentration. The findings of this study could be applied to enhance the quality characteristics of HENs and to encourage the research and development in the noodle industry.
Adding a PECS II block for proximal arm arteriovenous access – a randomised study
Authors: Quek K. H. , Low E. Y. , Tan Y. R. , Ong A. S. C. , Tang T. Y. , Kam J. W. , Kiew A. S. C. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundBrachial plexus block is often utilised for proximal arm arteriovenous access creation. However, the medial upper arm and axilla are often inadequately anaesthetised, requiring repeated, intraoperative local anaesthetic supplementation, or conversion into general anaesthesia. We hypothesised that the addition of a PECS II block would improve anaesthesia and analgesia for proximal arm arteriovenous access surgery.MethodsIn this prospective, double‐blinded, randomised proof‐of‐concept study, 36 consenting adults with end‐stage renal disease aged between 21 and 90 years received either a combined supraclavicular and PECS II block (Group PECS, n = 18), or combined supraclavicular and sham block (Group SCB, n = 18) for proximal arm arteriovenous access surgery. Primary outcome was whether patients required intraoperative local anaesthetic supplementation by the surgeon.ResultsIn Group PECS, 33.3% (6/18) needed local anaesthetic supplementation vs. 100% (18/18) in Group SCB. Group SCB had three times (RR 3.0, 95% CI 1.6–5.8; P < 0.001) the risk of requiring intraoperative local anaesthetic supplementation. Group PECS required lower volume of supplemental local anaesthetic compared to Group SCB (0.0 ml, IQR 0.0–6.3 ml vs. 15.0 ml, IQR 7.4–17.8 ml; P < 0.001). Group SCB had twice [RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.4; (P = 0.019)] the risk of needing additional sedation or analgesia. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to postoperative visual analogue scale pain scores, time to first rescue analgesia or patient satisfaction.ConclusionThe results suggest that adding a PECS II block to a supraclavicular block improves regional anaesthesia for patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing proximal arm arteriovenous access surgery.
Combining resource selection functions and home‐range data to identify habitat conservation priorities for brown bears
Authors: Pop M. I. , Iosif R. , Miu I. V. , Rozylowicz L. , Popescu V. D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecovery of large carnivores in the European human‐dominated landscapes has sparked a debate regarding the optimal landscape conditions in which carnivores can thrive and coexist with humans. Here, we use brown bears Ursus arctos in the Romanian Carpathians to test and develop a framework for identifying habitat conservation priorities based on a novel integration of resource selection functions, home‐range data and systematic conservation planning. We used a comprehensive GPS telemetry dataset from 18 individuals to (1) calculate sex‐specific seasonal home ranges and (2) characterize population‐level habitat selection. We then used systematic conservation planning software Zonation to identify contiguous areas of high conservation value for males and females using Manly's habitat selection ratios as weights for habitat layers, and home‐range information as a smoothing parameter for habitat connectivity. Home ranges were smallest during winter (median [IQR] for November–February: 28.2 km2 [9.8–42.4]), and largest during the intense‐feeding season (September–November: 127.3 km2 [62.2–288.5]), with males having larger home ranges across all seasons. Females consistently selected for mixed forest habitat during all seasons. Males selected mixed forest during winter; then switched to a rather generalist approach, selecting regenerating forest and mixed and coniferous forests during low‐feeding/reproduction and wild berries seasons. We identified large tracts of forest habitat (~14% of the landscape) that was selected across all seasons as key habitats for brown bear conservation in the Romanian Carpathians. Spatially, high‐value winter habitat was the most dissimilar for both males and females, suggesting that conservation actions should focus on protecting contiguous denning habitat. These key findings can inform the management and conservation of the brown bear population in the Romanian Carpathians by identifying critical intervention areas for maintaining landscape connectivity, enable transboundary management and contribute to maintaining Favourable Conservation Status, an important target of European Union Strategy for Biodiversity.
Antenatal corticosteroids: a retrospective cohort study on timing, indications and neonatal outcome
Authors: Frändberg Julia , Sandblom Johan , Bruschettini Matteo , Maršál Karel , Kristensen Karl 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionAn antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) delivery interval of 24 h to seven days is commonly referred to as optimal timing. We aimed to investigate whether the ACS delivery interval was associated with the obstetric indication for treatment and with neonatal complications.Material and methodsThe study was a retrospective chart review of clinical data from preterm neonates delivered at the Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden, from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2016. The ACS delivery intervals were compared between groups of women with various clinical scenarios and related to neonatal outcomes.ResultsThe study included 498 preterm neonates from 431 women. One to seven days before delivery, 41% of the women received ACS. Women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes or vaginal bleeding had a median ACS delivery interval of 7.5 and eight days, respectively, compared with women with maternal/fetal indications or preterm labor (three and two days, respectively) (p < 0.001). Neonates with an ACS delivery interval of more than seven days were at a higher risk of respiratory distress syndrome [odds ratio (OR) 2.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–3.79] and moderate or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.45–5.33) than were neonates with an ACS delivery interval of one to seven days.ConclusionOptimal timing of ACS treatment varied significantly based on the clinical indication. Women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes or vaginal bleeding were more likely to have an ACS delivery interval of more than seven days. A prolonged ACS delivery interval was associated with an increased risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity and a prolonged stay in the neonatal care unit, but not with neonatal mortality.
Low Apgar scores at both one and five minutes are associated with long‐term neurological morbidity
Authors: Leinonen Elina , Gissler Mika , Haataja Leena , Rahkonen Petri , Andersson Sture , Metsäranta Marjo , Rahkonen Leena 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the associations between low Apgar scores at one and five minutes and long‐term neurological impairments.MethodsThis study used population‐based data on 399,815 singletons born in Finland in 2004‐2010 and multivariable logistic regression to examine any associations between low (0–3) and intermediate (4–6) Apgar scores and cerebral palsy, epilepsy, intellectual disability and sensorineural defects by the age of four years.ResultsThe odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) showed that low Apgar scores were associated with cerebral palsy at one and five minutes (ORs 2.08, 95% CI 1.32–3.26 and 5.19, 95% CI 3.06–8.80), epilepsy (ORs 1.62, 95% CI 1.13–2.33 and 4.79, 95% CI 3.03–7.56), and intellectual disability (ORs 2.46, 95% CI 1.45–4.16 and 6.21, 95% CI 3.33–11.58). Only a low five‐minute Apgar score was associated with sensorineural defects (OR 3.13, 95% CI 1.95–5.02). Neurological impairment risks were increased by low Apgar scores at both one and five minutes (OR 11.1, 95% CI 8.6–14.5), but 90.3% of children with persistent low Apgar scores had no impairment.ConclusionLow one‐minute and five‐minute Apgar scores were associated with long‐term neurological morbidity, especially when both scores were low.