bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explore of potential targets and mechanisms of hesperetin in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease via network pharmacology and in vitro experiments
Authors: Wu Yi , Lin Ying , Xu Shan , Su Dan , Yang Hao , Tang Lidan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosic liver disease (MASLD) is a serious public health issue globally; however, there is no specific drug treatment. Hesperetin, a flavonoid extracted from citrus, possesses multiple pharmacological properties. However, limited reports have elucidated the pharmacological targets of and molecular mechanisms underlying hesperetin on lipid metabolism disorders in MASLD. First,in vitroexperiments confirmed the ameliorative effect of hesperetin on lipid accumulations. Second, putative target genes of the compounds were screened using public databases. MASLD-related targets were obtained through data mining of the GEO database. Third, a PPI network was constructed to screen for the core targets through the STRING database. Additionally, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on the key targets to identify the enriched genes with specific biological themes. We analyzed the binding mode of hesperetin to the key targets using molecular docking. Finally, the potential mechanism by which hesperetin affects MASLD was validated experimentally on an invitromodel. The current evidence suggested that hesperetin ameliorated lipid accumulation by inhibiting the IL-6-mediated STAT3-SOCS3 signaling pathway. Our findings provided novel insights into the underlying mechanisms and the clinical potential of hesperetin in MASLD management or prevention.
A Token-Agnostic Approach to Controlling Generated Text Length in Large Language Models
Authors: Foster Kiannah , Johansson Andrew , Williams Elizabeth , Petrovic Daniel , Kovalenko Nicholas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The rapid expansion of language models has led to increased demand for precise control over text generation, particularly in terms of output length. Traditional token-based methods often struggle with consistency across languages and text coherence, presenting challenges in tasks that require strict length adherence. A novel token-agnostic approach has been developed to address these limitations, leveraging semantic structures such as sentences and paragraphs to manage length dynamically. Through this method, text generation becomes more flexible and adaptable to a variety of languages and writing styles, ensuring that length constraints are respected without sacrificing fluency or relevance. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method when implemented with Llama, yielding high precision in length adherence and text quality across multiple evaluation metrics. This approach offers a robust solution to the ongoing challenge of managing output length in text generation, with potential applications spanning numerous domains, from summarization to content creation.
Embedding Generative AI as a digital capability into a year-long MSc skills program
Authors: Smith David P. , Sokoya Dami , Moore Skye , Okonkwo Chinenya , Boyd Charlotte , Lacey Melissa M. , Francis Nigel J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The arrival of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) into higher education has brought about significant transformations in assessment practices and pedagogical approaches. Large Language Models (LLMs) powered by GenAI present unprecedented opportunities for personalised learning journeys. However, the emergence of GenAI in higher education raises concerns regarding academic integrity and the development of essential cognitive and creative skills among students. Critics worry about the potential decline in academic standards and the perpetuation of biases inherent in the training sets used for LLMs. Addressing these concerns requires clear frameworks and continual evaluation and updating of assessment practices to leverage GenAI's capabilities while preserving academic integrity. Here, we evaluated the integration of GenAI into a year-long MSc program to enhance student understanding and confidence in using GenAI. Approaching GenAI as a digital competency, its use was integrated into core skills modules across two semesters, focusing on ethical considerations, prompt engineering, and tool usage. The assessment tasks were redesigned to incorporate GenAI, which takes a process-based assessment approach. Students' perceptions were evaluated alongside skills audits, and they reported increased confidence in using GenAI. Thematic analysis of one-to-one interviews revealed a cyclical relationship between students' usage of GenAI, experience, ethical considerations, and learning adaptation.
Knowledge and awareness regarding cholera epidemic among Syrian private university students (non-medical colleges)
Authors: hamsho Belal Mohammad , ajoub Fadel Mohammad , Al-Daher Nizar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Cholera is defined as an acute bacterial infection caused by Vibrio cholerae, and the main clinical feature of cholera is watery diarrhea, therefore cholera represents a global threat to public health and a sign of underdevelopment in a country. An important factor contributing to the spread of cholera is the lack of public knowledge and awareness of its transmission methods and early measures to diagnose and treat cholera symptoms, therefore it is important to understand the public knowledge and awareness of this disease to reduce its transmission.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Syrian Private University, during the period from 12/6/2024 to 27/8/2024. The number of participating students was 208 male and female students, from non-medical colleges at the university. This was done through a questionnaire distributed electronically and in paper form.
Results: Our study included 208 students from the Syrian Private University, males (51%) and females (49%). The most participating age group was "21-25" (52.9%). The most participating students were "Information Engineering" students (43.8%). They answered that the causative agent of cholera is "bacteria" (51.4%). The most important symptoms of cholera were answered "acute watery diarrhea" (54.3%). They answered about the spread of cholera: contaminated water (93.8%). Contaminated food (88%).
Conclusion: We found that the level of knowledge of the participating students at the Syrian Private University is average to weak, and the attitudes and practices of students in some of the points raised are unsatisfactory. We recommend conducting awareness campaigns about the cholera epidemic and further studies at the population level.
Optimization of Low-Grade Refractory Gold Ore Processing
Authors:   Irkutsk Research Institute of Precious and Rare Metals and Diamonds, Topychkanova Ekaterina I. , Dementieva Natalia A. ,   Irkutsk Research Institute of Precious and Rare Metals and Diamonds, Mullov Vladimir M. ,   Irkutsk Research Institute of Precious and Rare Metals and Diamonds, Chikin Andrey Yu. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: October 2024

The processing of refractory gold ores is a challenging task. Refractory ores include ores that cannot be easily processed due to the fine dissemination of gold in sulphide minerals and the presence of preg-robbing carbonaceous matter. Two processes have been studied: flotation of low-grade double refractory gold ore ­using new carbon depression reagents; gravity – cleaner flotation of rougher flotation concentrate followed by pressure oxidation and the CIL treatment of POX cakes. The study is aimed to optimize the processing of low-grade (Au 0.6 g/t) refractory gold ore and achieve high process parameters. The study included the following steps: the reduction of organic carbon mass fraction (< 0.6 %) in concentrates reporting to hydrometallurgical treatment; experiments on the hydrometallurgical treatment of flotation concentrates using two process options: pressure oxidation (POX) of the initial flotation concentrate followed by the CIL treatment of POX cakes and preliminary gravity – cleaner flotation of the initial flotation followed by pressure oxidation and the CIL treatment of POX cakes. The research methodology is based on studying the influence of carbon depressant reagents on the flotation properties of organic carbon during the flotation process. When carrying out flotation experiments, the equipment of JSC Irgiredmet was used, installed at the semi-industrial testing site (laboratory mills, mechanical flotation machines and auxiliary equipment). The study is carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods of ore preparation and flotation concentration. The mass fraction of organic carbon in the flotation concentrate decreased from 2.0 to 0.5 %. It has been achieved by the use of new reagents for carbon depression (carbon depression reagents). The products of refractory gold ore flotation using new reagents for carbon depression were flotation concentrates suitable for further hydrometallurgical treatment. According to the experiments on rougher flotation concentrate pressure oxidation and subsequent POX cake cyanide leaching, the recovery of gold on the carbon adsorbent was 83.5 %. Preliminary gra­vity – cleaner flotation of the concentrate before pressure oxidation improved the loading of gold on the carbon adsorbent to 96.6 %.
Multivariate analysis of water quality in the Dhaleshwari River, Bangladesh: identifying pollution sources and environmental implications
Authors: Ali Md. Sohrab , Begum Shaheda , Rabbi Fahim Muntasir , Sumaia  , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Rahman Md. Alinur , Rahman Mohammad Mahfuzur , Rahaman Md. Hasibur 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

This study aims to evaluate the current water quality status of the Dhaleshwari River, considering seasonal variations, and identify potential pollution sources using physicochemical parameters, multivariate statistical analysis, and the water quality index (WQI) method. Sampling was conducted at six locations along the Dhaleshwari River from January 2021 to April 2022, encompassing both dry and wet seasons. Eleven physicochemical parameters were tested following standard procedures. The calculated WQI values demonstrated that the overall water quality of the Dhaleshwari River is very poor (264.7 ± 64.5). Seasonal variation in water quality was significant, with the worst quality (305.7 ± 54.3) observed during the dry season; however, water quality during the wet season was also unsatisfactory (223.6 ± 46.3). Geospatial analysis shows the distribution of water quality in the study locations. Principal components analysis was performed for source appointment, which indicated that direct wastewater discharge from surrounding industries, particularly tanneries, as well as municipal wastewater, were the major pollution sources. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the deteriorating water quality of the Dhaleshwari River due to industrialization and human activities. The findings underscore the urgent need for interventions to mitigate pollution sources and improve the overall health of the river ecosystem.
Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Ameliorates Oxidative Biomarkers in Type-2 Diabetic Rats: In vitro and In vivo Report
Authors: Ayeni Gideon , Rotimi Larayetan Abisoye , Abdulrazaq Yahaya , Titus Emmanuel F. , Ajuma Sule Fatima , Jamila Audu Omale , Abayomi Ajayi , Christian Egwumah , Agah Ogohi Dorathy , Emmanuel Ogundipe , Faruk Audu Umar , Moradeke Orogun Mary , Sylvester Monday , Zuleihat Ogejah Ize , Dauda Wulapba Nenpinmwa , Akoji Achimi Matthew 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
Nanoparticles (NPs) are reliable biological tools for curative purposes through
their application in nanomedicine. The present study synthesized and characterized silver nanoparticles
(AgNPs) from Tetrapetra tetrapleura fruit. The investigation aims to examine the antidiabetic
effect of the AgNPs using in vitro and in vivo models.

Methods:
Briefly, the synthesized AgNPs were confirmed by the application of ultraviolet-visible
(UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and five other techniques, viz; transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
techniques, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
(EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The in vitro
model assay investigated the scavenging effect of AgNPS on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH), superoxide anion (O2ˉ), hydroxyl anion (-OH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP),
and α-amylase/α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The in vivo model involving rats-induced type-2
diabetes with streptozotocin (STZ) was divided into six (6) groups of seven (7) rats each to assess
antioxidative parameters.

Results:
The AgNPs scavenged free radicals (DPPH) and moderately inhibited (O2ˉ), hydroxyl anion
(-OH), reduced ferric to ferrous ions, and inhibited both α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity
with increasing concentrations. Similarly, AgNPs ameliorated oxidative stress imposed by type 2
diabetes on the rats’ tissues significantly (p < 0.05), depleting total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein
(LDL), and increased total protein composite and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) contents. The
AgNPs enhanced catalase and superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione (GSH), and, concomitantly,
decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the tissue homogenate.

Conclusion:
These findings provide scientific evidence for the first time, finding the application of
a biogenic compound synthesized from T. tetrapleura fruit in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Systematic Analysis of the Zoonosis by SARS-CoV-2 in Domestic Cats Under the Concept of One Health
Authors: Ortega Ariadna Flores , Gómez Linda Guiliana Bautista , Castañeda José Simón Martínez , Ramos Miguel Ángel Sánchez 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to identify scientific evidence on the zoonotic transmission of
SARS-CoV-2 in domestic felines in order to observe the relationship between the susceptibility of
cats to SARS-CoV-2, the infection of humans to cats regarding the virus, and the relationship between
cat-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Four scientific databases (Google Scholar, Pub-
Med, Scielo, and Web of Science) were used for article search, and the review was limited until July
1, 2023.

Results:
A total of 2327 articles were identified from the three databases, of which 16 were finally
included in the review. Eight articles provided information on the high susceptibility of cats to
SARS-CoV-2, 7 articles described the characteristics of clinical signs presented in both humans and
cats, and only 1 article discussed the infection from a cat to a human.

Conclusion:
It is important to consider isolating pets during the latency period of the disease within
medical recommendations, reinforce the use of eye protection, and adopt the concept of "One
Health" to prevent public health problems.
Selling Misleading “Cancer Cure” Books on Amazon: Systematic Search on Amazon.com and Thematic Analysis
Authors: Zenone Marco , van Schalkwyk May , Hartwell Greg , Caulfield Timothy , Maani Nason 
Published: October 2024

Background
While the evidence base on web-based cancer misinformation continues to develop, relatively little is known about the extent of such information on the world’s largest e-commerce website, Amazon. Multiple media reports indicate that Amazon may host on its platform questionable cancer-related products for sale, such as books on purported cancer cures. This context suggests an urgent need to evaluate Amazon.com for cancer misinformation.

Objective
This study sought to (1) examine to what extent are misleading cancer cure books for sale on Amazon.com and (2) determine how cancer cure books on Amazon.com provide misleading cancer information.

Methods
We searched “cancer cure” on Amazon.com and retrieved the top 1000 English-language book search results. We reviewed the books’ descriptions and titles to determine whether the books provided misleading cancer cure or treatment information. We considered a book to be misleading if it suggested scientifically unsupported cancer treatment approaches to cure or meaningfully treat cancer. Among books coded as misleading, we conducted an inductive latent thematic analysis to determine the informational value the books sought to offer.

Results
Nearly half (494/1000, 49.4%) of the sampled “cancer cure” books for sale on Amazon.com appeared to contain misleading cancer treatment and cure information. Overall, 17 (51.5%) out of 33 Amazon.com results pages had 50% or more of the books coded as misleading. The first search result page had the highest percentage of misleading books (23/33, 69.7%). Misleading books (n=494) contained eight themes: (1) claims of efficacious cancer cure strategies (n=451, 91.3%), (2) oversimplifying cancer and cancer treatment (n=194, 39.3%), (3) falsely justifying ineffective treatments as science based (n=189, 38.3%), (4) discrediting conventional cancer treatments (n=169, 34.2%), (5) finding the true cause of cancer (n=133, 26.9%), (6) homogenizing cancer (n=132, 26.7%), (7) discovery of new cancer treatments (n=119, 24.1%), and (8) cancer cure suppression (n=82, 16.6%).

Conclusions
The results demonstrate that misleading cancer cure books are for sale, visible, and prevalent on Amazon.com, with prominence in initial search hits. These misleading books for sale on Amazon can be conceived of as forming part of a wider, cross-platform, web-based information environment in which misleading cancer cures are often given prominence. Our results suggest that greater enforcement is needed from Amazon and that cancer-focused organizations should engage in preemptive misinformation debunking.
AI-Based Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitoring: Scoping Review
Authors: Chan Pin Zhong , Jin Eric , Jansson Miia , Chew Han Shi Jocelyn 
Published: October 2024

Background
Current blood glucose monitoring (BGM) methods are often invasive and require repetitive pricking of a finger to obtain blood samples, predisposing individuals to pain, discomfort, and infection. Noninvasive blood glucose monitoring (NIBGM) is ideal for minimizing discomfort, reducing the risk of infection, and increasing convenience.

Objective
This review aimed to map the use cases of artificial intelligence (AI) in NIBGM.

Methods
A systematic scoping review was conducted according to the Arksey O’Malley five-step framework. Eight electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane-Central Library, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore) were searched from inception until February 8, 2023. Study selection was conducted by 2 independent reviewers, descriptive analysis was conducted, and findings were presented narratively. Study characteristics (author, country, type of publication, study design, population characteristics, mean age, types of noninvasive techniques used, and application, as well as characteristics of the BGM systems) were extracted independently and cross-checked by 2 investigators. Methodological quality appraisal was conducted using the Checklist for assessment of medical AI.

Results
A total of 33 papers were included, representing studies from Asia, the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa published between 2005 and 2023. Most studies used optical techniques (n=19, 58%) to estimate blood glucose levels (n=27, 82%). Others used electrochemical sensors (n=4), imaging (n=2), mixed techniques (n=2), and tissue impedance (n=1). Accuracy ranged from 35.56% to 94.23% and Clarke error grid (A+B) ranged from 86.91% to 100%. The most popular machine learning algorithm used was random forest (n=10) and the most popular deep learning model was the artificial neural network (n=6). The mean overall checklist for assessment of medical AI score on the included papers was 33.5 (SD 3.09), suggesting an average of medium quality. The studies reviewed demonstrate that some AI techniques can accurately predict glucose levels from noninvasive sources while enhancing comfort and ease of use for patients. However, the overall range of accuracy was wide due to the heterogeneity of models and input data.

Conclusions
Efforts are needed to standardize and regulate the use of AI technologies in BGM, as well as develop consensus guidelines and protocols to ensure the quality and safety of AI-assisted monitoring systems. The use of AI for NIBGM is a promising area of research that has the potential to revolutionize diabetes management.
Association of Blood Glucose Data With Physiological and Nutritional Data From Dietary Surveys and Wearable Devices: Database Analysis
Authors: Miyakoshi Takashi , Ito Yoichi M 
Published: October 2024

Background
Wearable devices can simultaneously collect data on multiple items in real time and are used for disease detection, prediction, diagnosis, and treatment decision-making. Several factors, such as diet and exercise, influence blood glucose levels; however, the relationship between blood glucose and these factors has yet to be evaluated in real practice.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the association of blood glucose data with various physiological index and nutritional values using wearable devices and dietary survey data from PhysioNet, a public database.

Methods
Three analytical methods were used. First, the correlation of each physiological index was calculated and examined to determine whether their mean values or SDs affected the mean value or SD of blood glucose. To investigate the impact of each physiological indicator on blood glucose before and after the time of collection of blood glucose data, lag data were collected, and the correlation coefficient between blood glucose and each physiological indicator was calculated for each physiological index. Second, to examine the relationship between postprandial blood glucose rise and fall and physiological and dietary nutritional assessment indices, multiple regression analysis was performed on the relationship between the slope before and after the peak in postprandial glucose over time and physiological and dietary nutritional indices. Finally, as a supplementary analysis to the multiple regression analysis, a 1-way ANOVA was performed to compare the relationship between the upward and downward slopes of blood glucose and the groups above and below the median for each indicator.

Results
The analysis revealed several indicators of interest: First, the correlation analysis of blood glucose and physiological indices indicated meaningful relationships: acceleration SD (r=–0.190 for lag data at –15-minute values), heart rate SD (r=–0.121 for lag data at –15-minute values), skin temperature SD (r=–0.121), and electrodermal activity SD (r=–0.237) for lag data at –15-minute values. Second, in multiple regression analysis, physiological indices (temperature mean: t=2.52, P=.01; acceleration SD: t=–2.06, P=.04; heart rate_30 SD: t=–2.12, P=.04; electrodermal activity_90 SD: t=1.97, P=.049) and nutritional indices (mean carbohydrate: t=6.53, P<.001; mean dietary fiber: t=–2.51, P=.01; mean sugar: t=–3.72, P<.001) were significant predictors. Finally, the results of the 1-way ANOVA corroborated the findings from the multiple regression analysis.

Conclusions
Similar results were obtained from the 3 analyses, consistent with previous findings, and the relationship between blood glucose, diet, and physiological indices in the real world was examined. Data sharing facilitates the accessibility of wearable data and enables statistical analyses from various angles. This type of research is expected to be more common in the future.