bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A compact multiple‐way double ring‐cavity power divider
Authors: Zakerifar H. , Khaleghi A. , Aliakbarian H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDesign of an ultra‐wideband multiple‐way power divider based on the coaxial ring cavity configuration is presented. The proposed design includes increased numbers of the power divider ports, compared to the available designs, thanks to an incorporated coaxial power divider. For this purpose, the cavity layer in the ring cavity power divider is designed in two separate cavity rings and each ring is fed independently through an integrated coaxial power divider. Therefore, the number of the output ports is increased by 50%. A sample prototype is simulated for ultra wideband frequency range, and the performance is computed by using a full wave electromagnetic simulation technique. The power divider has 50 ports of 32 outer ring and 18 inner ring ports. The impedance bandwidth for the return loss <15 dB is obtained for the frequency range of 4‐10.5 GHz. The average insertion loss, amplitude imbalance, phase imbalance, and group delay are better than 0.4 dB, ±0.8 dB, 12°, and 0.6 ns, respectively.
A diagonalized improved subspace‐based optimization method for solving 2‐D inverse scattering problems
Authors: Liu Yulang , Zhao Zhiqin , Zhu Xiaozhang , Yang Wei , Nie Zaiping , Liu Qing‐Huo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis letter proposes a diagonalized improved subspace‐based optimization method (DISOM) by introducing the diagonal approximation to the improved subspace‐based optimization method (ISOM). In the diagonal approximation which has been used in the contrast source inversion, a diagonal operator is used to replace the nonlinear operator of full contrast inversion and relates the fields and induced currents. Due to the diagonal approximation, a more simplified objective function is obtained. Consequently, the iteration procedure is simplified and the computation time is reduced. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed DISOM has the capability of reconstructing not only isotropic objects but also uniaxial anisotropic objects. Furthermore, the quality of the reconstruction results obtained by DISOM is almost the same as the ones by utilizing ISOM, while DISOM saves about one fourth of the computational time.
Optical fiber group delay measurement based on laser beat frequency
Authors: Wang Xu , Chen Longfei , Wen Quan , Li Xiaokang , Wang Fang , Liu Yufang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new method for optical fiber group delay measurement is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on laser beat frequency. When the laser wavelength in the optical fiber resonator changes, the time delay through the optical fiber under test will change accordingly, leading to a change of round trip time in the optical fiber laser resonator. While the round trip time is the reciprocal of the minimum beat frequency, the group delay of the optical fiber under test which is placed in the fiber laser resonator can be easily obtained by measuring the beat frequency variation via the radio frequency spectrum analyzer. The optical fiber laser resonator utilized in experiments is composed of two reflectors: one is a sagnac loop composed of a coupler, the other is a composite structure composed of an optical circulator connected with a Fiber Fabry‐Perot Tunable Filter. The group delay of the single‐mode fiber and the dispersion compensating fiber are measured respectively in a relatively wide spectral range. Experimental results show that this method is feasible. Furthermore, this method is of very simple structure and low cost compared with other conventional methods.
Voronoi‐based peridynamics and cracking analysis with adaptive refinement
Authors: Gu Xin , Zhang Qing , Xia Xiaozhou 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe most common technique for the numerical implementation of peridynamic theory is the uniform discretization together with constant horizon. However, unlike the nonuniform discretization and varying horizons, it is not a natural and intrinsic component of the adaptive refinement analysis and multiscale modeling. Besides, it encounters discretization difficulty in analyzing irregular structures. Therefore, to analyze problems with nonuniform discretization and varying horizons and solve the resulting problems of ghost forces and spurious wave reflection, the dual‐horizon peridynamics based on uniform discretization is extended to the nonuniform discretization based on Voronoi diagrams, for which we call it Voronoi‐based peridynamics. We redefine the damage definition as well. Next, an adaptive refinement analysis method based on the proposed Voronoi‐based peridynamics and its numerical implementation is introduced. Finally, the traditional bond‐based peridynamics and the Voronoi‐based peridynamics with or without refinement are used to simulate 4 benchmark problems. The examples of 2‐D quasi‐static elastic deformation, 2‐D wave propagation, 2‐D dynamic crack growth, and 3‐D simulation of the Kalthoff‐Winkler experiment demonstrate the efficiency and effectivity of the proposed Voronoi‐based peridynamics. Further, the adaptive refinement analysis can be used to obtain reasonable crack path and crack propagation speed with reduced computational burden.
Porphyrin‐based covalent triazine frameworks: Porosity, adsorption performance, and drug delivery
Authors: Luo Yali , Liu Jun , Liu Yunfei , Lyu Yinong 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTTwo porous porphyrin‐based covalent triazine frameworks (PCTFs), in which porphyrin is incorporated as building block, have been synthesized by the Friedel–Crafts reaction. The copolymer PCTFs show large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area of up to 1089 m2 g−1, high CO2 uptake capacity reaching 139.9 mg g−1 at 273 K/1.0 bar, and good selectivity for CO2/CH4 adsorption attaining 6.1 at 273 K/1.0 bar. The resulting porous solids also can be used as matrices for drug delivery of ibuprofen in vitro. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2594–2600
On the Development of Titanium κ1‐Amidinate Complexes, Commercialized as Keltan ACE™ Technology, Enabling the Production of an Unprecedented Large Variety of EPDM Polymer Structures
Authors: van Doremaele Gerard , van Duin Martin , Valla Maxence , Berthoud Alexandra 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTARLANXEO Elastomers has developed and commercialized Keltan ACE™ technology, a class of half‐sandwich cyclopentadienyl κ1‐amidinate metal complexes, which are extremely active for the production of first‐class ethylene/propylene/diene copolymers (EPDM). In this review, the development and some of the key features of the Keltan ACE™ catalyst system are presented. Many different ACE catalysts have been synthesized over the past years, including bridged and bimetallic catalysts. With Keltan ACE™, a complete range of EPDM products with similar polymer characteristics as their Ziegler–Natta (ZN) counterparts can be produced, including variations containing very high 5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene (ENB) contents, controlled long chain branching, very high molecular weight, as well as oil‐extended products. Moreover, other EPDM structures can be polymerized. The Keltan ACE™ catalyst technology also allows the production of EPDMs with very high amounts of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) or 5‐vinyl 2‐norbornene (VNB) without excessive gelation and reactor fouling, that is, products that cannot or are extremely difficult to obtain via classical ZN catalysis. In a next step, high‐VNB‐EPDM can be postreactor modified, for example, via metathesis chemistry. In addition, EPDM polymers with a very broad or even bimodal molecular weight distribution can be obtained in a single reactor with certain ACE catalyst structures at particular activator/precatalyst ratios. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2877–2891
Anxiety and depression in Spanish‐speaking Latina cancer patients prior to starting chemotherapy
Authors: Lee Morgan S. , Tyson Dinorah Martinez , Gonzalez Brian D. , Small Brent J. , Lechner Suzanne C. , Antoni Michael H. , Vinard Andrea , Krause Madeline , Meade Cathy , Jacobsen Paul B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveAnxiety and depression can substantially impact the life of a cancer patient, but literature on emotional distress in the Hispanic cancer population is sparse. Additionally, the influence of psychosocial variables including age, acculturation, and spiritual well‐being on emotional distress in this population remains unclear. The purpose of the present report was to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression in Spanish‐speaking Latina cancer patients preparing to begin chemotherapy and to explore the predictors and correlates of these outcomes.MethodsParticipants were 198 Spanish‐speaking Latina cancer patients who completed measures of anxiety, depression, acculturation, and spiritual well‐being prior to starting chemotherapy.ResultsPrevalence of clinically significant anxious symptomatology was 52%, and prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptomatology was 27%. Longer time since diagnosis and less acculturation predicted more severe anxiety, while longer time since diagnosis, less acculturation, and older age predicted more severe depression (Ps < .05). In multivariable analyses, only time since diagnosis emerged as a significant predictor of anxiety and depression when accounting for the influence of other variables. Greater spiritual well‐being was correlated with both less severe anxiety and less severe depression (Ps < .001).ConclusionsThe present findings document the high prevalence of emotional distress, particularly anxiety, in this patient population prior to chemotherapy initiation and identify several demographic and clinical factors associated with increased risk for heightened distress. Additionally, these findings suggest that interventions to address distress in this patient population would benefit from including components that seek to improve patients' spiritual well‐being.
Lactate dehydrogenase predicts combined progression‐free survival after sequential therapy with abiraterone and enzalutamide for patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Mori Keiichiro , Kimura Takahiro , Onuma Hajime , Kimura Shoji , Yamamoto Toshihiro , Sasaki Hiroshi , Miki Jun , Miki Kenta , Egawa Shin 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundAn array of clinical issues remains to be resolved for castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), including the sequence of drug use and drug cross‐resistance. At present, no clear guidelines are available for the optimal sequence of use of novel agents like androgen‐receptor axis‐targeted (ARAT) agents, particularly enzalutamide, and abiraterone.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed a total of 69 patients with CRPC treated with sequential therapy using enzalutamide followed by abiraterone or vice versa. The primary outcome measure was the comparative combined progression‐free survival (PFS) comprising symptomatic and/or radiographic PFS. Patients were also compared for total prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)‐PFS, overall survival (OS), and PSA response. The predictors of combined PFS and OS were analyzed with a backward‐stepwise multivariate Cox model.ResultsOf the 69 patients, 46 received enzalutamide first, followed by abiraterone (E‐A group), and 23 received abiraterone, followed by enzalutamide (A‐E group). The two groups were not significantly different with regard to basic data, except for hemoglobin values. In a comparison with the E‐A group, the A‐E group was shown to be associated with better combined PFS in Kaplan‐Meier analysis (P = 0.043). Similar results were obtained for total PSA‐PFS (P = 0.049), while OS did not differ between groups (P = 0.62). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that pretreatment lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values and age were significant predictors of longer combined PFS (P < 0.05). Likewise, multivariate analysis demonstrated that pretreatment hemoglobin values and performance status were significant predictors of longer OS (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggested the A‐E sequence had longer combined PSA and total PSA‐PFS compared to the E‐A sequence in patients with CRPC. LDH values in sequential therapy may serve as a predictor of longer combined PFS.
Unraveling complex molecular transformations of N‐β‐alanyldopamine that account for brown coloration of insect cuticle
Authors: Barek Hanine , Evans Jason , Sugumaran Manickam 
Published: May 2017

RationaleN‐β‐Alanyldopamine (NBAD) and N‐acetyldopamine (NADA) are catecholamines that are used by insects as sclerotizing precursors to harden their cuticle. They share a common pathway utilizing the same set of sclerotizing enzymes. Yet, cuticles using NBAD are brown, while cuticles using NADA are colorless. To identify the cause of this major unresolved color difference, molecular transformations of NBAD with cuticular enzymes were investigated.MethodsReactions of NBAD and NADA with native cuticle isolated from the wandering stages of Sarcophaga bullata larvae as well as the reactions of NBAD with cuticular sclerotization enzymes – phenoloxidase, quinone isomerase and quinone methide isomerase – were investigated using UV–Vis spectroscopy, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and mass spectrometry (MS). In addition, the reactivity of enzymatically generated NBAD quinone was investigated by MS.ResultsReactions of NBAD with sclerotizing enzymes isolated from Sarcophaga bullata larvae generate colorless products such as N‐β‐alanylnorepinephrine, N‐β‐alanylarterenone, dehydro NBAD, the benzodioxan dimers of dehydro NBAD and other minor adducts, the same kind of compounds generated by NADA reaction with cuticular enzymes. However, oxidation of NBAD produces colored quinone adducts, in addition. NADA, which lacks the amino group, did not produce these quinone adducts.ConclusionsLC/MS analysis of the reaction mixture of NBAD–cuticular enzyme reactions reveals the novel production of colored quinone adducts that are not possible for NADA. Therefore, our results suggest that the brown coloration of cuticle formed through NBAD crosslinking is likely due to the formation and accumulation of NBAD quinone and its adducts, while NADA quinone adducts tend not to form during NADA crosslinking, producing a nearly colorless cuticle.
Georg Christoph Mehrtens (1843–1917): Protagonist des Stahlbrückenbaus im wilhelminischen Deutschland
Authors: Kurrer Karl‐Eugen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWie kein anderer trieb der vor 100 Jahren verstorbene Georg Christoph Mehrtens in Deutschland den Übergang vom Eisen‐ zum Stahlbrückenbau voran. Als Wilhelm II. (1859–1941) 1888 zum Kaiser des Deutschen Reichs inthronisiert wurde, schickte sich der preußische Bau‐ und Betriebsinspektor Mehrtens in Bromberg an, das Schmiedeeisen im Großbrückenbau durch den Flussstahl im Allgemeinen und den Thomasstahl im Besonderen zu ersetzen. Mit dem großmaßstäblichen Einsatz des Thomasstahls für die Weichselbrücke bei Fordon (1891–1893) erreichte die Wechselwirkung zwischen der deutschen Stahlindustrie und der Stahlbauindustrie eine neue Qualität, die ihr alsbald international Geltung verschaffte und sich zum wichtigen Element der Wirtschaftspolitik der deutschen Schwerindustrie entwickeln sollte. In seiner Zeit als Professor an der TH Dresden von 1895 bis 1913 schuf Mehrtens (Bild 1) mit seinen Monografien über Baustatik und Brückenbau ein enzyklopädisches Werk, das damals im Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau ohne Beispiel war. Zu seinen Schülern zählten die späteren Professoren der TH Dresden Max Foerster (1867–1930), Willy Gehler (1876–1953) und Kurt Beyer (1881–1952), welche zum Fortschritt des Konstruktiven Ingenieurbaus und der Baustatik in ihrer Konsolidierungsperiode (1900–1950) signifikant beitrugen. Als begehrter Gutachter und Juror bei Wettbewerben sowie als Zeitschriftenautor beeinflusste Mehrtens den deutschen Großbrückenbau auf konstruktiver und auf ästhetischer Seite bis weit in das zweite Dezennium des vorigen Jahrhunderts. Doch Mehrtens ist nicht nur Protagonist des Stahlbrückenbaus im wilhelminischen Deutschland, sondern kann auch als Pionier der Historiografie der Bautechnik in Deutschland gelten.
Modelle für das nichtlineare Verformungsverhalten von Verbunddübelleisten mit Ausstanzversagen
Authors: Classen Martin , Hegger Josef 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBei der Bemessung von Verbundkonstruktionen ist neben der Schubtragfähigkeit das duktile Verformungsverhalten der Verbundmittel von entscheidender Bedeutung. Eurocode 4 lässt für Verbundträger eine Teilverdübelung und eine äquidistante Verbundmittelanordnung lediglich bei Verwendung duktiler Verbundmittel mit einem Verformungsvermögen von mindestens 6 mm zu. Für Verbunddübelleisten sind bisher keine Berechnungsansätze zur Beschreibung des nichtlinearen Verformungsverhaltens vorhanden, so dass grundsätzlich zeit‐ und kostenintensive Abscherversuche zur Charakterisierung benötigt werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden daher Modelle für die Berechnung des Verformungsvermögens und die Beschreibung der Schubkraft‐Schlupfbeziehung von Verbunddübelleisten vorgeschlagen, in die die mechanischen Kenngrößen Schubtragfähigkeit und elastische Dübelsteifigkeit einfließen. Die Modelle werden anhand einer umfassenden Versuchsdatenbank von in der Literatur dokumentierten Schubkraft‐Schlupfbeziehungen kalibriert und validiert. Sie ermöglichen das nichtlineare Verformungsverhalten von Verbunddübelleisten mit Puzzle‐ oder Klothoidenform unabhängig von experimentellen Untersuchungen vorherzusagen und ihre Duktilität zu bewerten. Anhand der Modelle werden die in der allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassung für Verbunddübelleisten angegebenen Konstruktionsregeln zur Sicherstellung eines duktilen Verformungsverhaltens systematisch überprüft und angepasst.
Aesthetic perception of steel‐glass architecture in Japan
Authors: Kido Ewa Maria , Cywiński Zbigniew 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNowadays, steel‐glass designs usually prevail in modern architecture [1]. Glass has evolved from the material used mainly for windows into a material that is often combined with steel and used for curtain walls and various structural members in many types of structure, such as buildings, railway stations, airport terminals and passenger service centres on expressways ([2], [3], [4], [5]). Structural aesthetics, reflected in the beauty of objects of refined taste, is a major concern in both architectural and engineering forms [6]. Japanese aesthetics, based on tradition, has been widely shown in architecture itself as well as in the world of engineering structures [7]. This contribution discusses the perception of the aesthetic qualities of steel‐glass elements in buildings – considering their dimensions, visual lightness, texture, reflection, transparency, colour, light, translucence and design context.
Complementary and alternative medicine for the management of orthopaedic problems in Swiss Warmblood horses
Authors: Lange Catharina D. , Axiak Flammer Shannon , Gerber Vinzenz , Kindt Ditte , Koch Christoph 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIt appears that complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is used increasingly often in horses for the assessment and treatment of suspected orthopaedic problems, especially back problems. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of CAM use for the management of orthopaedic problems in a defined population of Swiss Warmblood horses. A total of 239 owners and caretakers of horses from a pre‐defined database were called by a veterinarian to participate in the survey. A standardized questionnaire was designed to determine, for each orthopaedic case, where the localization of the problem was (limb or back) and if conventional medicine or CAM was used for consultation and treatment. When CAM was employed, the CAM discipline and administrator (veterinarian or alternative therapist) was defined. A total of 222 cases in 170 horses with orthopaedic problems were identified. Sixty‐two horses were identified with a back problem, 96 horses with a lameness involving one or more limbs and 12 horses with a combined back problem and lameness. CAM was used commonly in this population (73.9%, 164 of 222) for both diagnostic workup and treatment of suspected orthopaedic problems, but was rarely administered by a veterinarian (12%, 27 of 222). In general, if a back problem was suspected by the owner, CAM was more frequently applied for diagnosis and treatment than in cases where a lameness was suspected; (91.9%, 68 of 74) vs. (64.9%, 96 of 148) (P < 0.001), respectively. Osteopathy was the most frequently applied CAM discipline. CAM was frequently used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in Swiss Warmblood horses with suspected orthopaedic problems. CAM practitioners were consulted predominantly if a back problem was suspected, and the majority of CAM practitioners were not veterinarians.
Turing and Free Will: A New Take on an Old Debate
Authors: Proudfoot Diane 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn 1948 Turing claimed that the concept of intelligence is an “emotional concept”. An emotional concept is a response-dependent concept and Turing’s remarks in his 1948 and 1952 papers suggest a response-dependence approach to the concept of intelligence. On this view, whether or not an object is intelligent is determined, as Turing said, “as much by our own state of mind and training as by the properties of the object”. His discussion of free will suggests a similar approach. Turing said, for example, that if a machine’s program “results in its doing something interesting which we had not anticipated I should be inclined to say that the machine had originated something”. This points to a new form of free will compatibilism, which I call response-dependence compatibilism and explore here.
Turing and the History of Computer Music
Authors: Copeland B. Jack , Long Jason 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe story of Turing’s pioneering work in creating the first computer-generated musical notes in Manchester in 1948–1949 is told, as well as the story of Christopher Strachey’s work (later Oxford’s first professor of computing), who extended Turing’s note-playing routines to create computer-generated melodies. Recordings were made in Turing’s Computing Machine Laboratory by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in 1951: by analyzing Turing’s programming manual for the Manchester machine—the first ever written for a stored-program computer—and utilizing retrospective computer analysis of the recordings, a kind of “digital archaeology” is employed in order to reconstruct the Turing-style routines that were used to play the music recorded by the BBC. These techniques have also enabled us to restore the recordings. We establish Turing’s leading role in the history of computer music.
Postmenopausal breast cancer: European challenge and innovative concepts
Authors: Smokovski Ivica , Risteski Milan , Polivka Jiri , Zubor Pavol , Konieczka Katarzyna , Costigliola Vincenzo , Golubnitschaja Olga 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) epidemic is recognised now worldwide as the reality of the early twenty-first century. Increasing trends in the postmenopausal BC prevalence, even for the European countries earlier demonstrating relatively stable incidence rates of the disease, are highly alarming for the healthcare givers. This new actuality requires a substantial revision of the paradigm currently applied to the BC management and creation of highly innovative concepts. Current multi-centred study highlights new complex mechanisms of the development and progression of the postmenopausal BC. Innovative concepts are presented which argue for more effective predictive and preventive approaches well justified in view of the clusters of the symptoms analysed here and demonstrated as highly prevalent in the postmenopausal breast cancer versus BC-free individuals. Another conceptual novelty presented here is a new interpretation of the “Seed and Soil” theory of metastasis in BC. According to the new concept, the “pre-metastatic niches” (“Soil”) are created by a systemic hypoxia a long time before the breast malignancy is clinically manifested.