bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of delayed surgical drainage of deep neck abscesses in adult and pediatric populations
Authors: Cramer John D. , Purkey Matthew R. , Smith Stephanie Shintani , Schroeder James W. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisThe conventional treatment for deep neck abscesses in adults is antibiotic therapy with surgical drainage, whereas in children there is debate about the role of surgical drainage versus conservative therapy. It is presently unclear if delayed surgical drainage negatively affects outcomes.Study DesignWe performed a multicenter, prospective, risk‐adjusted cohort study of adult and pediatric patients with deep neck abscess who received incision and drainage within 7 days of admission in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2005 to 2013 (adults) and from 2012 to 2013 (pediatrics).MethodsPatients were compared based on age (≤ 18 years, > 18 years), timing of surgical drainage (day 0, day 1–2, or day 3–7), and complication rates (specifically, abscess‐specific morbidity and mortality [M&M]). Multivariate regression was performed to control for preoperative differences.ResultsA total of 1,012 cases of deep neck abscess were identified (347 adult, 665 pediatric). In adults, delay in surgical drainage was associated with increased abscess‐specific M&M, from 11.5% (day 0) to 17.3% (day 1–2) to 25.0% (day 3–7) (P = 0.02). On multivariate regression, delay in drainage of ≥ 3 days in adults was associated with a 2.38‐fold increase in M&M (95% confidence interval 1.01–5.59, P = 0.019). In pediatrics, there was no association between surgical delay and increased abscess‐specific M&M, with rates of 5.0% (day 0), 4.0% (day 1–2), and 4.8% (day 3–7) (P = 0.68).ConclusionIn adults, delay in surgical drainage of deep neck abscess is associated with increased M&M. There is no association between timing of drainage and M&M in children.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 126:1753–1760, 2016
Two‐year mortality, complications, and healthcare use in children with medicaid following tracheostomy
Authors: Watters Karen , O'Neill Margaret , Zhu Hannah , Graham Robert J. , Hall Matthew , Berry Jay 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess patient characteristics associated with adverse outcomes in the first 2 years following tracheostomy, and to report healthcare utilization and cost of caring for these children.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsChildren (0–16 years) in Medicaid from 10 states undergoing tracheostomy in 2009, identified with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification procedure codes and followed through 2011, were selected using the Truven Health Medicaid Marketscan Database (Truven Health Analytics, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI). Patient demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed with likelihood of death and tracheostomy complication using chi‐square tests and logistic regression. Healthcare use and spending across the care continuum (hospital, outpatient, community, and home) were reported.ResultsA total of 502 children underwent tracheostomy in 2009, with 34.1% eligible for Medicaid because of disability. Median age at tracheostomy was 8 years (interquartile range 1–16 years), and 62.7% had a complex chronic condition. Two‐year rates of in‐hospital mortality and tracheostomy complication were 8.9% and 38.8%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, the highest likelihood of mortality occurred in children age < 1 year compared with 13+ years (odds ratio [OR] 7.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2–17.1); the highest likelihood of tracheostomy complication was in children with a complex chronic condition versus those without a complex chronic condition (OR 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1–9.9). Total healthcare spending in the 2 years following tracheostomy was $53.3 million, with hospital, home, and primary care constituting 64.4%, 9.4%, and 0.5% of total spending, respectively.ConclusionMortality and morbidity are high, and spending on primary and home care is small following tracheostomy in children with Medicaid. Future studies should assess whether improved outpatient and community care might improve their health outcomes.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:2611–2617, 2016
Soil CO2–C Emissions and Correlations with Soil Properties in Degraded and Managed Pastures in Southern Brazil
Authors: Figueiredo Eduardo Barretto de , Panosso Alan Rodrigo , Bordonal Ricardo de Oliveira , Teixeira Daniel De Bortoli , Berchielli Telma Teresinha , La Scala Newton 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLand degradation has been a global environmental issue, and its cause includes poorly managed grazing. Quantitative information is needed to support policy actions for food and water security and development. The objective of this study was to assess and characterize CO2–C emissions in degraded (DP) and managed pasture (MP) areas located close to one another, describing their spatial–temporal variability and any correlation with possible controlling factors. A grid of 100 × 100 m with 102 sample points in each area was set up. Measurements of CO2–C emission (FCO2), soil temperature (Tsoil), soil water content (WCsoil), soil physical (i.e. soil texture, soil bulk density, macro‐porosity, micro‐porosity, air‐filled pore space and total pore volume) and chemical (i.e. pH, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and cation exchange capacity) analysis were conducted at each sample point. Total emissions calculated from the area below the FCO2 graphs were 640.7 and 440.0 kg CO2–C ha−1 in the DP and MP, respectively. Soil temperature in the MP was lower (t‐test, p < 0.01) throughout the experimental period when compared with the DP. This study found that the degraded pasture area released significantly more CO2–C compared with the well‐managed pasture. Therefore, the introduction of best management practices in pasture areas is an important strategy to reduce soil CO2–C losses and promote soil C accumulation. The MP presented lower FCO2 despite its higher soil C stock, indicating a more stable soil C condition when compared with the DP area. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil Restoration after seven Years of Exclosure Management in Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Mekuria Wolde , Langan Simon , Noble Andrew , Johnston Robyn 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEcological restoration through exclosure establishment has become an increasingly important approach to reversing degraded ecosystems in rangelands worldwide. The present study was conducted in northwestern Ethiopia where policy programs are aiming to restore degraded lands. Changes in soil properties following establishing exclosures on communal grazing lands were investigated. A space‐for‐time substitution approach was used to monitor changes in soil properties after conversion of communal grazing lands to exclosures with ages of establishment ranging from 1 to 7 years. Significant differences in soil pH, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity, soil moisture content and bulk density were observed within exclosures and between exclosures and communal grazing land. Communal grazing land displayed significantly higher soil total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared with exclosures. Exclosures did not display significantly higher soil organic matter content when compared with the communal grazing land. The results confirm that more than 7 years after the establishment of exclosures is required to detect significant improvements in most of the investigated soil properties. Prohibition of the practice of grass harvesting during the first 3 to 5 years following the establishment of exclosure, and decreasing the amount of grass harvest with exclosure age could support to increase easily decomposable organic inputs to the soil and improve soil properties in relatively short period of time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of post‐surgical scarring with the use of ablative fractional CO2 lasers: A pilot study using a porcine model
Authors: Baca Marissa E. , Neaman Keith C. , Rapp Derek A. , Burton Michael E. , Mann Robert J. , Renucci John D. 
Published: April 2016

Background and ObjectiveWound healing inevitably leads to scarring, which leads to functional and cosmetic defects. It is the goal of this study to investigate the immediate use of ablative fractional CO2 lasers to reduce post‐operative scarring secondary to surgical wounds.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn this prospective controlled study, 20 surgical incisions were created on each of three pigs. Fifteen of the incisions were treated with an ablative fractional CO2 laser at one of three laser settings. The remaining five incisions served as a control. Punch biopsies were taken post‐operatively over time. Digital photographs were taken of each incisional scar at each time period. Blinded evaluators used a previously verified scoring system to score photographs of the incisional scars taken at the 6 month time period.ResultsWith regards to the comparison between the three individual laser treatment groups and the control, there were no statistically significant effects for treatment (P = 0.40), time (P = 0.48), or for the interaction of time and treatment (P = 0.57). With regards to the visual assessment tool, there were no statistically significant differences between treatments for Overall Appearance (P = 0.21) or for Total Score (P = 0.24).ConclusionsIn the limited setting of this pilot study, treatment of surgical incisions with ablative fractional CO2 lasers does not significantly lessen scar formation. In addition, photographic analysis was not able to demonstrate a significant difference. Future studies on this topic will need a larger sample size to better answer whether a statistically significant difference may exist. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:122–128, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chondrocyte Generation of Cartilage‐Like Tissue Following Photoencapsulation in Methacrylated Polysaccharide Solution Blends
Authors: Hayami James W. S. , Waldman Stephen D. , Amsden Brian G. 
Published: April 2016

Chondrocyte‐seeded, photo‐cross‐linked hydrogels prepared from solutions containing 50% mass fractions of methacrylated glycol chitosan or methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MHA) with methacrylated chondroitin sulfate (MCS) are cultured in vitro under static conditions over 35 d to assess their suitability for load‐bearing soft tissue repair. The photo‐cross‐linked hydrogels have initial equilibrium moduli between 100 and 300 kPa, but only the MHAMCS hydrogels retain an approximately constant modulus (264 ± 5 kPa) throughout the culture period. Visually, the seeded chondrocytes in the MHAMCS hydrogels are well distributed with an apparent constant viability in culture. Multicellular aggregates are surrounded by cartilaginous matrix, which contain aggrecan and collagen II. Thus, co‐cross‐linked MCS and MHA hydrogels may be suited for use in an articular cartilage or nucleus pulposus repair applications.image
Elastic Light Tunable Tissue Adhesive Dendrimers
Authors: Feng Gao , Djordjevic Ivan , Mogal Vishal , O'Rorke Richard , Pokholenko Oleksandr , Steele Terry W. J. 
Published: April 2016

Development of bioadhesive formulations for tissue fixation remains a challenge. The major drawbacks of available bioadhesives are low adhesion strength, toxic byproducts, and complexity of application onto affected tissues. In order to address these problems, this study has developed a hydrogel bioadhesive system based on poly amido amine (PAMAM) dendrimer, grafted (conjugated) with UV‐sensitive, 4‐[3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐3H‐diazirin‐3‐yl] benzyl bromide (PAMAM‐g‐diazirine). This particular diazirine molecule can be grafted to the surface amine groups of PAMAM in a one‐pot synthesis. Diazirine functionalities are carbene precursors that form covalent crosslinks with hydrated tissues after low‐power UV activation without necessity of free‐radical initiators. The rheological properties and adhesion strength to ex vivo tissues are highly controllable depending on diazirine grafting, hydrogel concentration, and UV dose intensity fitting variety types of tissues. Covalent bonds at the tissue/bioadhesive interface provide robust adhesive and mechanical strength in a highly hydrated environment. The free flowing hydrogel conversion to elastic adhesive after UV activation allows intimate contact with the ex vivo swine tissue surfaces with low in vitro cytotoxicity observed, making it a promising bioadhesive formulation toward clinical applications.
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Cationic Photoinitiators for Near UV and Visible LEDs: A Particular Insight into One‐Component Systems
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xiao Pu , Dietlin Celine , Campolo Damien , Dumur Frederic , Gigmes Didier , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Fouassier Jean‐Pierre , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: April 2016

The observed development of one‐component photoinitiators of cationic polymerization reactions in the last forty years is briefly described. Cationic photoinitiators can usually be activated by short wavelengths (<300 nm) and relatively hard conditions (high intensity). The search for cheaper and safer light sources has led to the use of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). In this review, a special emphasis is provided on the most recent and promising cationic initiators operating under near UV and visible LEDs. Ferrocenium salts exhibit the broadest visible light absorption and are probably, from this point of view, the most versatile near UV and visible light cationic initiators. Excellent photoinitiation performance has been found with the ferrocenium salts as one‐component initiators, and the effect of ferrocenium salts based multi‐component photoinitiating systems on the relevant photoinitiation performance has also been investigated.
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Cross‐Cultural Differences of the Non‐Motor Symptoms Studied by the Traditional Chinese Version of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
Authors: Yu Rwei‐Ling , Wu Ruey‐Meei , Chan Anne Y.Y. , Mok Vincent , Wu Yih‐Ru , Tilley Barbara C. , Luo Sheng , Wang Lu , LaPelle Nancy R. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Goetz Christopher G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundGiven the importance of ethnic differences in the evaluation of various aspects of symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), we present the formal procedure for completing the traditional Chinese translation of the International and Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society/UPDRS (MDS‐UPDRS) and highlight the discrepancy in nonmotor symptoms (NMS) between patients in Eastern and Western countries.MethodsA total of 350 native Chinese‐speaking PD patients were recruited from multiple hospitals in Eastern countries; they completed the MDS‐UPDRS. The translation process was executed and factor analysis was performed to determine the structure of the scale. Chi‐squared and t tests were used to compare frequency and severity of PD symptoms between the Chinese‐speaking and English‐speaking groups (n = 876).ResultsNMS and motor symptoms were more severe in the Western population (Part I: t(1205) = 5.36, P < 0.0001; and Part III: t(1205) = 7.64, P < 0.0001); however, the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and impairments in activities of daily living were more frequent in the Eastern patients. The comparative fit index was 0.93 or greater, and the exploratory factor analysis revealed compatible results between the translated scale and the original version.ConclusionThe traditional Chinese version of the MDS‐UPDRS can be designated as an official translation of the original scale, and it is now available for use. Moreover, NMS in PD constitute a major issue worldwide, and the pattern of NMS among the Chinese population is more marked in terms of cognition‐based symptoms and activities of daily living.
The free inverted omega‐shaped flap for circumferential hypopharyngeal reconstruction with simultaneous neck skin defect
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Lin Tsan‐Shiun , Chen Yen‐Chou , Tsai Yun‐Ta , Yang Ching‐Hsiang , Wu Cheng‐Chung , Kuo Pao‐Jen , Hsieh Ching‐Hua , Yang Johnson Chia‐Shen 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundCircumferential hypopharyngeal defect with simultaneous skin defect can pose complicated reconstructive challenge for reconstructive microsurgeons. Our experience with the versatile inverted‐omega flap tubing design is proposed to accommodate such problem.MethodsFrom 2012 to 2015, 13 anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps and one anteromedial thigh (AMT) flap were harvested for reconstruction of circumferential hypopharyngeal defects with skin defects in 14 patients. All patients were males except one. Patient age ranged from 42 to 67 years (average, 53.1 years). Fifty‐seven percent were recurrent cases. All but one patient received preoperative chemoradiotherapy.ResultsThe average flap size was 29 × 8 cm (range: 25–31 × 6–10 cm2). An average of 2.6 perforators was included in each flap (2–4 perforators/flap). All flaps survived. One venous thrombosis was noted and salvaged after thrombolectomy and vein graft. The mean follow‐up period was 25 months. The fistula rate was 21.4% (three patients). One fistula never healed because of early recurrence; one fistula healed after surgical intervention; and one fistula need a loco‐regional flap for secondary reconstruction. Three postoperative strictures were noted (21.4%).ConclusionFor the circumferential hypopharyngeal defect with simultaneous neck skin defect, this inverted‐omega ALT tubing design offers an alternative choice for such complicated reconstruction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 38:51–59, 2018.
Remote ischemic perconditioning attenuates acute inflammation of experimental musculocutaneous flaps following ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Krag Andreas E. , Eschen Gete T. , Damsgaard Tine E. , SVÆRDBORG Mille , Steiniche Torben , Kiil Birgitte J. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundIn free flap reconstruction and replantation surgery, prolonged ischemia time may lead to flap or replantation failure. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of hypothermic flap ischemia or remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPER) during normothermic ischemia on acute inflammation of musculocutaneous flaps subjected to ischemia‐reperfusion injury. Materials and methods: In 24 pigs, a musculocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap was dissected and subjected to 4 hours of arterial ischemia and 7 hours of reperfusion. The animals were allocated into two experimental groups: hypothermic flap ischemia at 4°C (n = 8) or normothermic flap ischemia with RIPER (n = 8), and one control group with normothermic flap ischemia (n = 8). The hypothermic ischemic flaps were cooled in a basin with fresh water and ice. RIPER was initiated 1 hour before reperfusion, by inducing three 10 min cycles of hind limb ischemia with a tourniquet, each separated by 10 min of reperfusion. Acute inflammation was described by inflammatory cytokine secretion (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12p40, and TNF‐α) from the flap during reperfusion, and by quantitative determination of macrophages in flap biopsies of dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and skeletal muscle following reperfusion. Results: No significant differences were found between normothermic and hypothermic flap ischemia in inflammatory cytokine secretion. However, the IL‐6 secretion was significantly reduced in the RIPER group compared with the control group at 5 hours of reperfusion (P = 0.036), and in the RIPER group compared with the hypothermic ischemia group at 3 (P = 0 0.0063), 5 (P = 0.0026), and 7 hours of reperfusion (P = 0.028). The IL‐12p40 secretion was significantly reduced in the RIPER group compared with the control group (P = 0.0054) as well as the hypothermic ischemia group (P = 0.028) at 5 hours of reperfusion. No significant difference was found among groups in macrophage infiltration. Conclusion: RIPER reduced IL‐6 and IL‐12p40 secretion during reperfusion of porcine musculocutaneous flaps, when compared with hypothermic ischemic flaps and normothermic ischemic flaps without RIPER. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:148–155, 2017.
Urolithin A attenuates ox‐LDL‐induced endothelial dysfunction partly by modulating microRNA‐27 and ERK/PPAR‐γ pathway
Authors: Han Qi‐an , Yan Chunhong , Wang Lingfang , Li Guanghui , Xu Yunfeng , Xia Xiaodong 
Published: April 2016

ScopeEndothelial dysfunction and inflammation are both common events occurring during the development of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have shown that urolithins, the intestinal microflora metabolites of ellagitannin, exhibit anti‐inflammation and antioxidative properties. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of urolithin A (UA) on ox‐LDL‐induced (where ox‐LDL is oxidized low‐density lipoprotein) endothelial dysfunction and possible modes of action.Methods and resultsHuman artery endothelial cells were incubated with 50 μg/mL ox‐LDL and various concentrations of UA for 24 h. UA improved the productions of nitric oxide and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in a dose‐dependent manner. UA markedly reduced the expressions of ICAM‐1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) and MCP‐1 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1) and further attenuated THP‐1 (human acute monocytic leukemia cell line) cell adhesion. In addition, UA suppressed expressions of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, and endothelin 1, and increased PPAR‐γ (peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma) mRNA expression. Moreover, UA decreased miR‐27 expression, and overexpression of miR‐27 by adding pre‐miR‐27 abolished the ability of UA to improve ox‐LDL‐induced PPAR‐γ decrease. Furthermore, UA significantly downregulated phosphorylated ERK1/2 (where ERK is extracellular signal‐regulated kinase) while decreasing interleukin 6 level and elevating PPAR‐γ.ConclusionsUA could alleviate endothelial dysfunction induced by ox‐LDL partially through modulating miR‐27 expression and ERK/PPAR‐γ pathway.
Expression of genes associated with luteolysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during early pregnancy in cattle
Authors: Yang Ling , Yao Xiaolei , Li Shujing , Chen Kai , Wang Yongxiang , Chen Long , Zhang Leying 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYThe conceptus‐derived signals that initiate maternal recognition of pregnancy act primarily on the endometrium to inhibit the development of luteolysis, thus modifying the expression of genes in the corpus luteum. The involvement of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the formation of this anti‐luteolytic mechanism during early pregnancy is uncertain. In this study, PBMCs from non‐pregnant and early‐pregnant cows were sampled to explore the expression of genes associated with luteolysis, including AKR1B1 (aldo‐keto reductase family 1, member B1; a bovine prostaglandin F synthase), PTGFR (PGF2α receptor), OXT (oxytocin), PTGES (PGE synthase), PTGER1 (PGE2 receptor 1), and PGR (progesterone receptor). OXT and PTGFR transcript abundance was low in PBMCs at Day 18 in pregnant individuals. PGR and PTGER1 mRNA abundance was significantly higher at Day 30 in pregnant individuals. AKR1B1 and PTGES transcript abundance was significantly higher at Day 18 in PBMCs from non‐pregnant individuals, yet AKR1B1 and PTGES protein abundance was elevated at Day 30 in pregnant individuals—although AKR1B1 dimer may be significantly higher at Day 18 in non‐pregnant PBMCs. In conclusion, changes in bovine PBMC gene expression are associated with luteolysis during early pregnancy, which implicate the influence of circulating blood components in controlling luteolysis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 509–515, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.