bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and inter-comparison of twenty-three gridded rainfall products representing a typical urban monsoon climate in India
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Borgemeister Christian , Tischbein Bernhard , Kumar Navneet 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurate and reliable estimation of rainfall is crucial for scientific research and various applications. However, the observed rainfall data is often limited. With the advancements in technology, many global gridded rainfall products are now available, but their accuracy levels vary across the world. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the reliability and effectiveness of 23 publicly available global rainfall datasets against the observed rainfall for Patna, representing a typical urban monsoon climate in India. Thirteen continuous and ten categorical statistical metrics were applied at daily, weekly, monthly, and annual intervals over 16 years (2000–2015). The results indicate that the reliability of all derived rainfall datasets varied on different temporal scales and reference datasets used. Overall, in continuous metrics, MERRA2 and MSWEP consistently outperformed in all the temporal scales whereas in categorical metrics for analyzing the rainfall detection ability, AIMERG, followed by MERRA2 demonstrated superior performance among others. Furthermore, IMD GRID, GSMAP, PCCS, AIMERG, and IMERG performed well in estimating different rainfall intensities. MERRA2 and MSWEP, which have not been widely considered for evaluation in a monsoon climate were found to be outstanding performers consistently. Therefore, we suggest broadening the selection of global rainfall products in the evaluation to fully utilize the potentiality of all available options. Furthermore, our approach offers a reliable framework to comprehensively assess the performance of different gridded rainfall products and assist in the selection of the best rainfall product for a particular region and purpose.
Transient behavior and steady-state rheology of dense frictional suspensions in pressure-driven channel flow
Authors: Peerbooms Wouter , Heijden Antoine van der , Breugem Wim-Paul 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResults from particle-resolved Direct numerical simulations are presented for dense suspensions of frictional non-colloidal spheres in viscous pressure-driven channel flow. The bulk solid volume fraction varies between $$\phi _b=0.2$$

ϕ
b

=
0.2

and 0.6, and the Coulomb friction coefficient is either $$\mu _c = 0$$

μ
c

=
0

or 0.5. The main objectives are to unravel the influence of (1) $$\phi _b$$

ϕ
b

and $$\mu _c$$

μ
c

on the flow development time and of (2) heterogeneous shear on the steady-state suspension rheology. Starting from an initially homogeneous distribution, the particles show shear-induced migration toward the core until equilibrium is reached. The flow development time decays exponentially with increasing $$\phi _b/\Phi _R$$

ϕ
b

/

Φ
R

, where $$\Phi _R$$

Φ
R

is a friction-dependent reference bulk concentration beyond which particle contacts cause a rapid increase in the particle stress. The steady-state rheology is studied by means of the ‘viscous’ and ‘frictional’ rheology frameworks. Excluding the central core and wall regions, the data for the local relative suspension viscosity collapse onto a single curve as function of the normalized local concentration $${\bar{\phi }}/\phi _m$$

ϕ

¯

/

ϕ
m

, where $$\phi _m$$

ϕ
m

is the friction-dependent maximum flowable packing fraction. The frictional rheology shows ‘subyielding’ at low viscous number $$I_v$$

I
v

in the core region, where the macroscopic friction coefficient $$\mu $$
μ
drops below the minimal value found for homogeneous shear flows. A modified frictional rheology model is presented that captures subyielding. Finally, a model is presented for $${\bar{\phi }}/\phi _{mp}$$

ϕ

¯

/

ϕ

mp

as function of $$I_v$$

I
v

, where $$\phi _{mp}$$

ϕ

mp

is a modified maximum flowable packing fraction. It captures both ‘overcompaction’ in the core beyond $$\phi _{m}$$

ϕ
m

at high $$\phi _b$$

ϕ
b

and maximum core concentrations below $$\phi _m$$

ϕ
m

at lower $$\phi _b$$

ϕ
b

.
Annual change in eGFR in renal hypouricemia: a retrospective pilot study
Authors: Sugihara Shinobu , Yamamoto Yasutaka , Teramoto Kei , Hamada Toshiro , Miyazaki Satoshi , Ogino Kazuhide , Kuwabara Masanari , Ohtahara Akira , Mizuta Einosuke , Ichida Kimiyoshi , Endo Yusuke , Minato Hiroyuki , Ninomiya Haruaki , Kato Masahiko , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Hisatome Ichiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Extremely low uric acid (UA) levels or increased urinary UA (Uua) excretion might be risk factors for kidney disease in renal hypouricemia (RHU) patients, but their relationship with kidney dysfunction is unclear. This study investigated time-dependent changes in eGFR in RHU patients.

Methods
This multicenter retrospective study assessed UA metabolism and changes in eGFR (median 5.5 years) in 13 RHU patients. We then compared eGFR change in 7 of 13 RHU patients whose eGFR could be measured for 4 years with those in normouricemic group (n = 31). In addition, 7 RHU patients were divided into two groups based on URAT1 gene mutations: homozygote and compound heterozygote mutations (Homo/Com group, n = 3), and wild-type and heterogeneous mutations (WT/Hetero group, n = 4).

Results
In 13 RHU patients, the median and mean serum UA (SUA) were 0.8 (0.4–2.5) and 1.1 ± 0.7 mg/dL. The median and mean Uua were 44.3 (12.7–141.1) and 49.7 ± 36.2 mg/dL. The median and mean urinary urate clearance (Cua/Ccr) were 46.8 (11.3–73.6) and 43.3 ± 19.7%. Over 4 years, eGFR did not change in the RHU group but declined in the normouricemic group. Annual mean eGFR decline and change rate in the RHU group were the same as those in the normouricemic group (− 1.09 ± 1.11 vs. − 1.09 ± 1.92 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, p = 0.996) (− 1.74 ± 1.96 vs. − 1.36 ± 2.10%, p = 0.664). And no significant difference was found in eGFR decline or change rate between Homo/Com and WT/Hetero groups (− 0.33 ± 1.03 vs. − 1.67 ± 0.85 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, p = 0.116) (− 0.61 ± 1.62 vs. − 2.59 ± 1.91%, p = 0.210).

Conclusion
RHU from URAT1 genetic mutation may not show eGFR decline over 4 consecutive years.
Improving PPP positioning and troposphere estimates using an azimuth-dependent weighting scheme
Authors: He Shengping , Hobiger Thomas , Becker Doris 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAsymmetric troposphere modeling is crucial in Precise Point Positioning (PPP). The functional model of the asymmetric troposphere has been thoroughly studied, while the stochastic model lacks discussion. Currently, there is no suitable stochastic model for asymmetric tropospheric conditions, potentially degrading the positioning accuracy and the reliability of Zenith Total/Wet Delay (ZTD/ZWD) estimates. This paper introduces an Azimuth-Dependent Weighting (ADW) scheme that utilizes information from asymmetric mapping functions to adaptively weight Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations affected by azimuth-dependent errors. The concept of ADW has been validated using Numerical Weather Prediction data and International GNSS Service data. The results indicate that ADW effectively improves the coordinate repeatability of the PPP solution by approximately $$10\%$$

10
%

in the horizontal and $$20\%$$

20
%

in the vertical direction. Additionally, ADW appears to be capable to improve the ZWD estimates during the PPP convergence period and yields smoother ZWD estimates. Consequently, it is recommended to adopt this new weighting scheme in PPP applications when an asymmetric mapping functions is employed.
Over-the-air upgrading for enhancing security of intelligent connected vehicles: a survey
Authors: Li Beibei , Hu Wei , Da Lemei , Wu Yibing , Wang Xinxin , Li Yiwei , Yuan Chaoxuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe continuous improvement in the connectivity, automation and autonomy levels of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (ICVs) significantly increases the probability of potential security threats. Over-the-Air (OTA) is a promising technique for upgrading features of ICVs and enhancing their reliability and security against environmental disturbances as well as malicious attacks. To better understand the potential security risks and possible countermeasures, we survey research works in ICV security during OTA from cloud upgrade, terminal upgrade, and object upgrade. We also summarize existing methods in OTA upgrading techniques and systematically investigate the overall framework of OTA upgrading methods from the perspectives of Software-Over-the-Air (SOTA) and Firmware-Over-the-Air (FOTA).We further discuss possible mitigation strategies and open issues yet to be resolved in this research direction. This survey shows that OTA provides a powerful technique for upgrading the ICV features and improving ICV security.
Stabilization of a matrix via a low-rank-adaptive ODE
Authors: Guglielmi Nicola , Sicilia Stefano 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLet A be a square matrix with a given structure (e.g. real matrix, sparsity pattern, Toeplitz structure, etc.) and assume that it is unstable, i.e. at least one of its eigenvalues lies in the complex right half-plane. The problem of stabilizing A consists in the computation of a matrix B, whose eigenvalues have all negative real part and such that the perturbation $$\Delta =B-A$$

Δ
=
B
-
A

has minimal norm. The structured stabilization further requires that the perturbation preserves the structural pattern of A. This non-convex problem is solved by a two-level procedure which involves the computation of the stationary points of a matrix ODE. It is possible to exploit the underlying low-rank features of the problem by using an adaptive-rank integrator that follows rigidly the rank of the solution. Some benefits derived from the low-rank setting are shown in several numerical examples. These computational advantages also allow to deal with high dimensional problems.
A characterization of complex Hadamard matrices appearing in families of MUB triplets
Authors: Matszangosz Ákos K. , Szöllősi Ferenc 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt is shown that a normalized complex Hadamard matrix of order 6 having three distinct columns each containing at least one $$-1$$

-
1

entry, necessarily belongs to the transposed Fourier family, or to the family of 2-circulant complex Hadamard matrices. The proofs rely on solving polynomial systems of equations by Gröbner basis techniques, and make use of a structure theorem concerning regular Hadamard matrices. As a consequence, members of these two families can be easily recognized in practice. In particular, one can identify complex Hadamard matrices appearing in known triplets of pairwise mutually unbiased bases in dimension 6.
Exploring the Broader Benefits of Obesity Prevention Community-based Interventions From the Perspective of Multiple Stakeholders
Authors: Jacobs J. , Nichols M. , Ward N. , Sultana M. , Allender S. , Brown V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCommunity-based interventions (CBIs) show promise as effective and cost-effective obesity prevention initiatives. CBIs are typically complex interventions, including multiple settings, strategies and stakeholders. Cost-effectiveness evidence, however, generally only considers a narrow range of costs and benefits associated with anthropometric outcomes. While it is recognised that the complexity of CBIs may result in broader non-health societal and community benefits, the identification, measurement, and quantification of these outcomes is limited. This study aimed to understand the perspectives of stakeholders on the broader benefits of CBIs and their measurement, as well as perceptions of CBI cost-effectiveness. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants from three stakeholder groups (lead researchers, funders, and community stakeholders of CBIs). Online semi-structured interviews were conducted, taking a constructivist approach. Coding, theme development and analysis were based on published guidance for thematic analysis. Twenty-six stakeholders participated in the interviews (12 lead researchers; 7 funders; 6 community stakeholders). Six key themes emerged; (1) Impacts of CBIs (health impacts and broader impacts); (2) Broader benefits were important to stakeholders; (3) Measurement of benefits are challenging; (4) CBIs were considered cost-effective; (5) Framing CBIs for community engagement (6) Making equitable impacts and sustaining changes—successes and challenges. Across all stakeholders, broader benefits, particularly the establishment of networks and partnerships within communities, were seen as important outcomes of CBIs. Participants viewed the CBI approach to obesity prevention as cost-effective, however, there were challenges in measuring, quantifying and valuing broader benefits. Development of tools to measure and quantify broader benefits would allow for more comprehensive evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of CBIs for obesity prevention.
Truth and dare: patients dare to tell the truth when using PROMs in clinical practice
Authors: Haverman Lotte , Luijten Michiel A. J. , Blackford Amanda L. , Absolom Kate , Basch Ethan M. , van Rossum Marion A. J. , Engelen Vivian , Grootenhuis Martha A. , Velikova Galina , Snyder Claire 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
As patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used in clinical practice for screening, monitoring, and management, the potential for response bias has been raised (e.g., over-reporting problems for attention, under-reporting to avoid treatment changes/discontinuation). We investigated whether patients systematically bias their responses when they know clinicians will review their PROM results.

Methods
We conducted secondary analyses of three experimental studies evaluating PROMs in adult and pediatric care. Prior to PROM completion, intervention group patients were informed that the results would be shown to their clinicians (“feedback” arm), whereas control group patients were told that their clinicians would not see their responses (“no feedback” arm). Independent sample t-tests compared the “feedback” and “no feedback” arms’ PROM scores at baseline. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cohen’s d statistics with Hedges’ g correction, and effect sizes > 0.50 were considered clinically relevant.

Results
Across the 29 domains assessed in the three studies, no between-arm differences reached an effect size of ± 0.50. Only 3/29 effect sizes exceeded ± 0.30. The confidence intervals for 14 domains included ± 0.50, with 4 favoring the “no feedback” arm and 10 favoring the “feedback” arm. Two domains reached statistical significance, one favoring the “no feedback” arm and one favoring the “feedback” arm.

Conclusion
This study does not support the hypothesis that patients systematically bias their PROM responses if they know that clinicians will see their results. These findings support using PROMs in clinical practice as a valid mechanism to promote patient-centered care.
Dietary supplement guava leaf extract regulates growth, feed utilization, immune function, nutrient digestibility and redox regulation in growing rabbits
Authors: Abdelghani Islam G. , Sheiha Asmaa M. , Abdelnour Sameh A. , El-Maati Mohamed F. Abo , El-Darawany Abdelhalim A. , Al-Marakby Khaled M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe use of agricultural waste in animal production has gained global interest. An eight-week trial was conducted to investigate the impacts of adding ethanolic guava leaf extract (GLE) as a feed supplement on the growth, feed utilization, immune response, nutrient digestibility, redox regulation, and blood health of growing rabbits. Ninety weaned growing rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups. The first group was fed a basal diet (GLE0), while the other two groups were fed the control diet fortified with 15 mg (GLE15) or 20 mg (GLE20) of GLE per kg of diet for 8 weeks. The HPLC analysis of GLE exhibited the presence of gallic acid, ferulic acid, catechin, and caffeic acid in significant amounts. The results indicated that final body weight, daily body weight, daily feed intake and nutrient digestibility were significantly higher in the GLE-treated groups compared to the un-treated group (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of GLE significantly reduced lipid contents including triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and VLDL (P < 0.05), with the most significant results observed when adding 20 mg/kg to the diet. AST and ALT levels as well as cortisol hormone in rabbits fed GLE were lower than those in the GLE0 group (P < 0.05). Immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA), antioxidant biomarkers (SOD and TAC) and T3 hormone were significantly improved by GLE supplementation (P < 0.001). Rabbits fed with GLE had lower levels of ROS and MDA compared to those in the GLE0 group (P < 0.001). Moreover, the hepatic and intestinal architectures were maintained in all rabbits fed diets with GLE. The results suggest that GLE supplementation (20 mg/kg diet) in fattening rabbit diets could efficiently improve growth, health status, blood physiology, antioxidant capacity and tissue histology.
Wilson’s bottleneck
Authors: Kennel Charles , Falk Jim , Victor David G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPlanetary sustainability is in trouble, heading towards what pioneer of evolutionary biology, E.O Wilson, twenty-two years ago called a “bottleneck”. Created through the actions of humanity this is an increasingly narrow passage through which only some species can pass, and on which humans depend to provide the sources of re-radiation. What is lost is hard to impossible to restore. Keeping this passage as wide as possible is crucial, but the trends are not yet promising. At a time when those trends appear to be converging to a human and ecological crisis of planetary but finite duration, changed priorities are required whilst at the same time providing opportunity. In particular, strategies, such as experimental governance devised to act in the face of unknowns and uncertain knowledge provide a basis for action to hold open and successfully pass through the bottleneck, a goal which is of the highest importance for humans as we seek to achieve a sustainable future.
Impact of waitlist weight change on outcomes in heart transplant recipients: a UNOS database analysis
Authors: Austin Melissa A. , Ahmad Danial , Rosen Jake L. , Weber Matthew P. , Rajapreyar Indranee , Rame Jesus Eduardo , Alvarez Rene J. , Entwistle John W. , Massey Howard T. , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
While the effect of pre-transplant weight on patient outcomes following heart transplantation (HTx) has previously been studied, data regarding the impact of dynamic weight change prior to HTx are extremely limited.

Objectives
We sought to elucidate the interaction between HTx listing weight and weight change while waitlisted, and explore how that interaction impacts post-HTx survival in a continuous manner.

Methods
Adult patients listed for HTx from 1987 to 2020 were identified from UNOS database. Three-dimensional restricted cubic spline analysis explored post-HTx survival relative to both changes in BMI/weight and BMI at time of HTx listing. Continuous predictor variables were analyzed with Cox proportional hazards method.

Results
9,628 included patients underwent HTx. Median recipient age was 55 [IQR 46–62] years, and 21% were females. 53% of patients lost while 47% gained weight on the waitlist. Median BMI (27.6 kg/m2 [24.3–31.3] vs. 27.4 kg/m2 [24.2–30.9], paired p < 0.001) and weight (84.8 kg [73.0–98.0] kg vs. 84.4 kg [72.6–96.6], p < 0.001) were similar at listing and transplant. One-year survival was 89.3%. Weight loss over 3 BMI points or 10 kg was associated with higher hazard of death irrespective of listing BMI. In non-obese patients, some weight gain (1–4 BMI points or 5–15 kg) was associated with improved survival. In cachectic patients (BMI < 18.5), failure to gain weight was associated with worse survival.

Conclusions
Impact of weight change varies depending on listing BMI. While a survival benefit is seen in non-obese patients who gain some weight, significant weight loss is associated with poorer survival.
Genomic Validation in the UK Biobank Cohort Suggests a Role of C8B and MFG-E8 in the Pathogenesis of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Lafta Muataz S. , Rukh Gull , Hamdeh Sami Abu , Molero Yasmina , Sokolov Aleksandr V. , Rostami Elham , Schiöth Helgi B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe facial pain disease of uncertain pathophysiology and unclear genetic background. Although recent research has reported a more important role of genetic factors in TN pathogenesis, few candidate genes have been proposed to date. The present study aimed to identify independent genetic variants in the protein-coding genes associated with TN. We focused on genes previously linked to TN based on the results of four proteomic studies conducted by our research team. The goal was to validate these findings on the genetic level to enhance our understanding of the role of genetics in TN. The study is based on the participants from UK Biobank cohort. Following quality control, 175 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 17 genes were selected. The study sample comprised of diagnosed TN cases (N = 555) and randomly matched controls (N = 6245) based on specific criteria. Two SNPs corresponding to C8B rs706484 [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 1.357 (1.158–1.590); p: 0.00016] and MFG-E8 rs2015495 [OR (95% CI): 1.313 (1.134–1.521); p: 0.00028] showed significant positive association with TN, indicating a positive effect of the SNP alleles on gene expression and disease risk. Interestingly, both SNPs are Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTLs), and are associated with changes in the expression activity of their corresponding gene. Our findings suggest novel genetic associations between C8B, a key component of the complement system, and MFG-E8, which plays a role in regulating neuroinflammation, in relation to TN. The identified genetic variations may help explain why some individuals develop TN while others do not, indicating a potential genetic predisposition to the condition.
Effects of Grazing by Native and Non-Native Terrestrial Vertebrates on the Growth of Tecticornia arbuscula in Australian Temperate Saltmarshes
Authors: Prahalad Vishnu , Aalders John , Kirkpatrick Jamie B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe effects of grazing and browsing by terrestrial vertebrates are poorly understood for southern hemisphere saltmarshes, many of which are recovering from stock grazing. We investigated whether the native late-successional shrub, Tecticornia arbuscula, regenerating several years after the cessation of stock grazing, was grazed by wild herbivorous mammals to the degree of impeding recovery. We measured T. arbuscula growth parameters in exclosures and adjacent controls for two years and used camera trapping of animals across four consecutive austral seasons to indicate grazing pressure. Height growth was more affected by exclosure from grazing than lateral change. Notably, grazing did not prevent the recovery of the shrubs from stock grazing at either site, suggesting that the growth rate of T. arbuscula relative to total grazing pressure is at sustainable levels and these shrubs are in a trajectory of recovery, with the smaller plants growing the fastest. Also, we found little difference between our two sites in grazing impact, despite one site having twice the number of animals, largely native macropods, as the other site, which was dominated by introduced lagomorphs (rabbits and hares). These findings further the knowledge of native and non-native terrestrial vertebrates in austral saltmarsh ecology and conservation.