bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can the environment influence species home‐range size? A case study onCtenomys minutus(Rodentia, Ctenomyidae)
Authors: Kubiak B. B. , Galiano D. , de Freitas T. R. O. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe environment physically limits animal movement and use of space. In the case of subterranean rodents, natural selection is expected to favor burrow structures that minimize energetic costs of digging. However, in some cases the same species is found in habitats that strongly differ in resource availability and soil characteristics, as inCtenomys minutus. This species is thus a good model in which to estimate the influence of habitat on behavioral characteristics such as home‐range size. We evaluated the home‐range sizes of twoC. minutuspopulations that inhabit different habitats: sand dunes and sand fields. We radio tracked 19 adult animals, and estimated the home‐range size of each individual using the grid cell (2 × 2 m covering all of the radio fixes), and minimum convex polygon (MCP) methods. Our results show that home ranges ofC. minutusdiffer in the two habitats, with average size 1.75 times larger for individuals inhabiting sand dunes. This difference in home‐range size between habitats is likely associated with differences in resource availability (plant biomass) or soil conditions.
Snow carrots after the Chelyabinsk event and model implications for highly porous solar system objects
Authors: Luther Robert , Artemieva Natalia , Ivanova Marina , Lorenz Cyril , Wünnemann Kai 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAfter the catastrophic disruption of the Chelyabinsk meteoroid, small fragments formed funnels in the snow layer covering the ground. We constrain the pre‐impact characteristics of the fragments by simulating their atmospheric descent with the atmospheric entry model. Fragments resulting from catastrophic breakup may lose about 90% of their initial mass due to ablation and reach the snow vertically with a free‐fall velocity in the range of 30–90 m s−1. The fall time of the fragments is much longer than their cooling time, and, as a consequence, fragments have the same temperature as the lower atmosphere, i.e., of about −20 °C. Then, we use the shock physics code iSALE to model the penetration of fragments into fluffy snow, the formation of a funnel and a zone of denser snow lining its walls. We examine the influence of several material parameters of snow and present our best‐fit model by comparing funnel depth and funnel wall characteristics with observations. In addition, we suggest a viscous flow approximation to estimate funnel depth dependence on the meteorite mass. We discuss temperature gradient metamorphism as a possible mechanism which allows to fill the funnels with denser snow and to form the observed “snow carrots.” This natural experiment also helps us to calibrate the iSALE code for simulating impacts into highly porous matter in the solar system including tracks in the aerogel catchers of the Stardust mission and possible impact craters on the 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko comet observed recently by the Rosetta mission.
Severe acute malnutrition in children aged under 5 years can be successfully managed in a non‐emergency routine community healthcare setting in Ghana
Authors: Akparibo Robert , Harris Janet , Blank Lindsay , Campbell Mike J. , Holdsworth Michelle 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the performance of community‐based management of severe acute malnutrition (CMAM) within routine healthcare services in Ghana. This was a retrospective cohort study of n = 488 children (6–59 months) who had received CMAM. Data for recovery, default, and mortality rates were obtained from enrolment cards in 56 outpatient centres in Upper East region, Ghana. Satisfactory rates of recovery of 71.8% were reported. Children who were enrolled with higher mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) ≥11.5 cm had seven times greater chance of recovery compared with children who were enrolled with lower MUAC <11.5 cm, OR = 7.35, 95% CI [2.56, 21.15], p < .001. Children who were diagnosed without malaria at baseline were 30 times, OR = 30.39, 95% CI [10.02, 92.13], p < .001, more likely to recover compared with those with malaria (p < .001). The average weight gain was 4.7 g−1·kg−1·day−1, which was influenced by MUAC status at baseline, β = .78, 95% CI [0.46, 1.00], p < .001, presence of malaria, β = −1.25, 95% CI [−1.58, 0.92], p < .001, and length of stay, β = 0.13, 95% CI [0.08, 0.18], p < .001. The default rate (28.5%) was higher than international standards recommendations by Sphere. Mortality rate (1.6%) was lower than international standards. Our findings suggest that community‐based management of SAM can achieve similar success when delivered in routine non‐emergency settings. However, this success can be diluted by a high default rate, and the factors contributing to this need to be explored to improve programme effectiveness within communities.
Is competence enough to enable Kenyan mothers to make good infant and young child feeding decisions?
Authors: Schneider Lauriina , Ollila Sari , Kimiywe Judith , Lubeka Crippina , Mutanen Marja 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore factors associated with maternal infant and young child feeding motivation in urban and rural Kenya. We conducted 18 focus group discussions with mothers of children 0 to 23 months of age and healthcare workers. The data were transcribed, translated, and explored following the principles of content analysis. We first explored and coded the data inductively and categorized it according to emerging themes representing the most relevant topics for young child feeding. After this, these themes were theorized into an explanatory framework. Finally, the results yielded seven themes integrated into self‐determination theory's three basic motivation‐building pillars: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. We found that maternal intrahousehold autonomy on child feeding was substantial. However, this autonomy was lost for a period of time while in close contact with the healthcare staff. The authority of the healthcare workers was at its peak when the child was born and faded gradually as the child grew. Building maternal competence is important for child‐feeding outcomes, but our data showed that the health education methods used by the healthcare workers were inadequate to improve maternal to improve the motivation. The competence of Kenyan healthcare workers should be improved in the area of complementary feeding counseling, and they should be trained to provide practical and emotional support as a way of increasing maternal motivation on infant and child feeding.
NorWood: a gene expression resource for evo‐devo studies of conifer wood development
Authors: Jokipii‐Lukkari Soile , Sundell David , Nilsson Ove , Hvidsten Torgeir R. , Street Nathaniel R. , Tuominen Hannele 
Published: February 2017

Summary

The secondary xylem of conifers is composed mainly of tracheids that differ anatomically and chemically from angiosperm xylem cells. There is currently no high‐spatial‐resolution data available profiling gene expression during wood formation for any coniferous species, which limits insight into tracheid development.

RNA‐sequencing data from replicated, high‐spatial‐resolution section series throughout the cambial and woody tissues of Picea abies were used to generate the NorWood.conGenIE.org web resource, which facilitates exploration of the associated gene expression profiles and co‐expression networks.

Integration within PlantGenIE.org enabled a comparative regulomics analysis, revealing divergent co‐expression networks between P. abies and the two angiosperm species Arabidopsis thaliana and Populus tremula for the secondary cell wall (SCW) master regulator NAC Class IIB transcription factors. The SCW cellulose synthase genes (CesAs) were located in the neighbourhoods of the NAC factors in A. thaliana and P. tremula, but not in P. abies. The NorWood co‐expression network enabled identification of potential SCW CesA regulators in P. abies.

The NorWood web resource represents a powerful community tool for generating evo‐devo insights into the divergence of wood formation between angiosperms and gymnosperms and for advancing understanding of the regulation of wood development in P. abies.
Diversification of Rosaceae since the Late Cretaceous based on plastid phylogenomics
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Dong , Jin Jian‐Jun , Chen Si‐Yun , Chase Mark W. , Soltis Douglas E. , Li Hong‐Tao , Yang Jun‐Bo , Li De‐Zhu , Yi Ting‐Shuang 
Published: February 2017

Summary

Phylogenetic relationships in Rosaceae have long been problematic because of frequent hybridisation, apomixis and presumed rapid radiation, and their historical diversification has not been clarified.

With 87 genera representing all subfamilies and tribes of Rosaceae and six of the other eight families of Rosales (outgroups), we analysed 130 newly sequenced plastomes together with 12 from GenBank in an attempt to reconstruct deep relationships and reveal temporal diversification of this family.

Our results highlight the importance of improving sequence alignment and the use of appropriate substitution models in plastid phylogenomics. Three subfamilies and 16 tribes (as previously delimited) were strongly supported as monophyletic, and their relationships were fully resolved and strongly supported at most nodes. Rosaceae were estimated to have originated during the Late Cretaceous with evidence for rapid diversification events during several geological periods. The major lineages rapidly diversified in warm and wet habits during the Late Cretaceous, and the rapid diversification of genera from the early Oligocene onwards occurred in colder and drier environments.

Plastid phylogenomics offers new and important insights into deep phylogenetic relationships and the diversification history of Rosaceae. The robust phylogenetic backbone and time estimates we provide establish a framework for future comparative studies on rosaceous evolution.
Reconciling conceptualizations of relationships and person‐centred care for older people with cognitive impairment in acute care settings
Authors: Rushton Carole , Edvardsson David 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRelationships are central to enacting person‐centred care of the older person with cognitive impairment. A fuller understanding of relationships and the role they play facilitating wellness and preserving personhood is critical if we are to unleash the productive potential of nursing research and person‐centred care. In this article, we target the acute care setting because much of the work about relationships and older people with cognitive impairment has tended to focus on relationships in long‐term care. The acute care setting is characterized by archetypal constraints which differentiate it from long‐term care, in terms of acuity and haste, task‐orientated work patterns and influence from “the rule of medicine,” all of which can privilege particular types of relating. In this article, we drew on existing conceptualizations of relationships from theory and practice by tapping in to the intellectual resources provided by nurse researchers, the philosophy of Martin Buber and ANT scholars. This involved recounting two examples of dyadic and networked relationships which were re‐interpreted using two complementary theoretical approaches to provide deeper and more comprehensive conceptualizations of these relationships. By re‐presenting key tenets from the work of key scholars on the topic relationships, we hope to hasten socialization of these ideas into nursing into the acute care setting. First, by enabling nurses to reflect on how they might work toward cultivating relationships that are more salutogenic and consistent with the preservation of personhood. Second, by stimulating two distinct but related lines of research enquiry which focus on dyadic and networked relationships with the older person with cognitive impairment in the acute care setting. We also hope to reconcile the schism that has emerged in the literature between preferred approaches to care of the older person with cognitive impairment, that is person‐centred care versus relationship‐centred care by arguing that these are complementary rather than mutually exclusive and can be brought together in one theoretical framework acknowledging personhood as relational in essence.
Testing the impact of sliding versus deciding in cyclical and noncyclical relationships
Authors: CLIFFORD CHARITY E. , VENNUM AMBER , BUSK MICHELLE , FINCHAM FRANK D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study investigates longitudinally predictors and outcomes of sliding (a desire to avoid clarifying the status of a romantic relationship; measured as relationship talk avoidance) among emerging adults (N = 244) in cyclical (ending and renewing a relationship) and noncyclical romantic relationships. Avoidance of relationship talk was positively associated with relationship uncertainty 7 weeks earlier and negatively related to dedication and satisfaction 7 weeks later, through decreased relationship maintenance (measured by constructive communication). We hypothesized that sliding would both predict and be predicted by lower dedication. Dedication did not predict later sliding for cyclical partners, but was associated with lower sliding for noncyclical partners, suggesting dedication may buffer the negative impact of uncertainty for noncycling partners.
Evaluation of the immune response in BALB/c mice induced by a novel DNA vaccine expressing GRA14 against Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Ahmadpour E. , Sarvi S. , Hashemi Soteh M. B. , Sharif M. , Rahimi M. T. , Valadan R. , Tehrani M. , Khalilian A. , Montazeri M. , Daryani A. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryToxoplasma gondii can cause severe and even fatal disease in human beings and animals. Effective vaccines may contribute to control toxoplasmosis. GRA14, a novel secreted dense granule protein of T. gondii, has been proposed as a vaccine candidate due to its intervacuolar transport and unique topology in the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. In this study, we constructed a DNA vaccine encoding GRA14 of T. gondii. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly three times at 2 week intervals and challenged with T. gondii RH strain 5 weeks later. The immune responses were evaluated using lymphocyte proliferation assay, cytokine and antibody measurements. In addition, the survival times and parasite load of mice challenged with the virulent T. gondii RH strain were evaluated. The results showed that the mice immunized with pcGRA14 induced both enhanced specific humoral and Th1 cellular immune responses, and also mice immunized with the pcGRA14 showed an increased survival time and decreased parasite load compared with control groups (P<.05). The results indicated, for the first time, that the GRA14 is a potential DNA vaccine against toxoplasmosis.
Deep root growth and nitrogen uptake by rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.) as affected by nitrogen fertilizer, plant density and leaf harvesting on a coarse sandy soil
Authors: Kristensen H. L. , Stavridou E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study investigated management strategies to increase deep root growth and crop nitrogen (N) uptake by rocket grown as baby leaf in coarse sandy soil. Stage I (sowing to first harvest) measured the effects of two sowing densities and two N fertilizer rates on root growth and total N uptake. In Stage II (first to second harvest), effects of leaf harvesting and late season N fertilizer application on root growth, total N uptake and deep 15N uptake were measured. At the end of Stage I, root depth was 0.68–0.90 m, and the large fertilizer application increased N uptake. Plant density increased root depth, N uptake and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) early in this stage and biomass production at harvest. Leaf harvesting in Stage II affected root density but not root depth that reached 1.4 m. The ability for N uptake was greater from 0.6 m due to more roots and larger N inflow than from 1.1 m depth. Late season fertilizer increased N concentration and uptake but did not affect NUE and deep N uptake. During the growing season, 330–349 kg Ninorg/ha was lost from 0 to 1.0 m depth most likely by leaching. Management practices that increased root growth and N uptake were found to increase NUE in rocket production early in the season. The production system used N inefficiently and smaller applications, plant density, leaf harvesting and other changes of management are required to reduce leaching.
The association of the HLA‐A*24:02, B*39:01 and B*39:06 alleles with type 1 diabetes is restricted to specific HLA‐DR/DQ haplotypes in Finns
Authors: Mikk M.‐L. , Heikkinen T. , El‐Amir M. I. , Kiviniemi M. , Laine A.‐P. , Härkönen T. , Veijola R. , Toppari J. , Knip M. , Ilonen J. ,   the Finnish Paediatric Diabetes Register
Published: February 2017

BackgroundWe analysed the previously reported association of the HLA‐A*24:02, B*18 and B*39 alleles with type 1 diabetes and diabetes associated autoimmunity in the Finnish population applying HLA‐DR/DQ stratification.Materials & methodsHaplotype transmission was analysed in 2424 nuclear families from the Finnish Paediatric Diabetes Register. Survival analysis was applied to study the development of islet autoantibodies and further progression to clinical diabetes in the prospective follow‐up cohort from the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Study. The subjects were genotyped for specific HLA class I alleles by sequence‐specific hybridization using lanthanide labelled nucleotide probes.ResultsThe HLA‐B*39:06 allele was found almost exclusively on the (DR8)‐DQB1*04 haplotype in which its presence changed the disease risk status of the whole haplotype from neutral to predisposing. The HLA‐A*24:02 and the B*39:01 alleles increased the diabetes‐associated risk of the DRB1*04:04‐DQA1*03‐DQB1*03:02 haplotype but the alleles were in linkage disequilibrium and no independent effect could be detected. Within the DIPP cohort, neither the A*24:02 nor the B*39:01 allele were associated with seroconversion but were in contrast associated with increased progression from seroconversion to clinical disease.Discussion & ConclusionsThe independent predisposing effect of the HLA‐B*39:06 allele with type 1 diabetes was confirmed in the Finnish population but the association of the A*24:02 and B*39:01 alleles remained inconclusive whilst both A*24:02 and B*39:01 affected the progression rate from seroconversion to autoantibody positivity to overt type 1 diabetes.
Patient age and number of apheresis days may predict development of secondary myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia after high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for lymphoma
Authors: Ge Isabell , Saliba Rima M. , Maadani Farzaneh , Popat Uday R. , Qazilbash Muzaffar H. , Ravi Pingali Sai , Shah Nina , Ahmed Sairah , Bashir Qaiser , Nieto Yago , Champlin Richard E. , Hosing Chitra 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDThe goal of our study was to find predictors for the development of secondary myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia (s‐MDS/AML) in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma who received high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe conducted a retrospective review of 295 patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma who had undergone their first stem cell collection and ASCT. Patient, disease, and treatment characteristics were collected. The primary goal of this study was to analyze the association between the number of apheresis days needed to collect the requisite stem cell dose in addition to the previously described factors such as age, sex, number and type of prior chemotherapeutic regimens, disease type and status, and the risk of developing s‐MDS/AML.RESULTSTwenty‐two patients of 295 were diagnosed with s‐MDS/AML after a median follow‐up of 62 months. Multivariate analysis using a classification and regression tree showed that the incidence of s‐MDS/AML was lowest in patients who were not more than 55 years old at transplantation and in whom the target cell dose was collected in fewer than two apheresis sessions (5‐year cumulative incidence, 1%), whereas incidence was highest in patients who were more than 55 years old at transplantation and who received a transplant more than 21 months after their initial lymphoma diagnosis (5‐year cumulative incidence, 20%).CONCLUSIONOur study defines a subset of relapsed or refractory lymphoma patients who should be closely monitored for development of s‐MDS/AML after high‐dose chemotherapy and ASCT.
Occult gastrointestinal bleeding is a common finding in dogs with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Crivellenti Leandro Z. , Borin‐Crivellenti Sofia , Fertal Kristi L. , Contin Catarina M. , Miranda Caroline M. J. , Santana Aureo E. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe risk of occult gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) is known to be increased among human dialysis patients suffering from end‐stage renal disease. However, there are no studies to date that investigate the incidence of OGIB in either dogs or people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), irrespective of dialysis.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to determine whether the incidence of OGIB is greater in dogs with CKD as compared to a control population, and if this pathology is associated with changes in serum variables related to iron metabolism.MethodsFecal occult bleeding was evaluated in 10 healthy dogs and 30 CKD dogs. Test results were compared to indicators of blood loss and/or iron metabolism.ResultsDogs with CKD had a significantly higher incidence of OGIB than the control group (P < .0001). While 80% of dogs with stage 2 CKD did not exhibit anemia, 90% tested positive for OGIB. Similarly, subjects with stage 4 CKD had more significant blood loss than either stage 2 (P = .0071) or stage 3 CKD (P = .0385). Serum hemoglobin, transferrin, and iron concentrations in the CKD group were statistically lower than in the control group (P < .0001) and correlated with fecal occult bleeding (r = −.61; r = −.40; r = −.44, respectively), as well as serum creatinine concentrations (P < .0001, r = .64).ConclusionsThis preliminary study suggests that OGIB is a common clinical finding among dogs with CKD, even in the early stages of the disease process. Therefore, fecal occult blood tests may be useful as an indication for gastroprotective agents in the treatment plan.
Rapid immunocytochemistry for the detection of cytokeratin and vimentin: assessment of its diagnostic value in neoplastic diseases of dogs
Authors: Sawa Mariko , Inoue Mayuko , Yabuki Akira , Kohyama Moeko , Miyoshi Noriaki , Setoguchi Asuka , Yamato Osamu 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundImmunocytochemistry (ICC) is an advanced diagnostic technique used in the field of veterinary cytology. We recently developed a rapid ICC method for the detection of cytokeratin and vimentin in dogs, which helps to determine whether tumor cells are of epithelial or nonepithelial origin. However, the diagnostic value of this rapid ICC method in neoplastic diseases of dogs has not been assessed yet.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of rapid ICC compared to standard immunohistochemistry (IHC).MethodsAir‐dried smear samples and formalin‐fixed paraffin sections were prepared from tumors excised from dogs (n = 30). Immunosignals for cytokeratin and vimentin were detected in smear samples by rapid ICC, and in paraffin sections by standard IHC. Signals in smear samples detected by rapid ICC were compared with positive staining in paraffin sections detected by standard IHC and analyzed for statistical significance (kappa statistic).ResultsRapid ICC detected specific immunosignals in 25/30 cases (83.3%), and nonspecific signals were detected in 5/30 cases. Statistical analysis revealed fair agreement in epithelial tumors (n = 16) with cytokeratin (κ = 0.236) and vimentin (κ = 0.294). In nonepithelial tumors (n = 14), almost perfect agreement was demonstrated with cytokeratin (κ = 0.857) and vimentin (κ = 0.857).ConclusionsThe rapid ICC method can be a useful tool for the diagnostic cytology of neoplastic tissues in dogs.