bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Globalization on Church Mission in Zambia: Some African Perspectives
Authors: Kangwa Jonathan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article builds on the theme of a symposium held in October 2015 for female church workers in the United Church of Zambia in Kabwe, Zambia, and devoted to the impact of globalization on mission. The article discusses the effects of globalization on missionary activities in Zambia and offers some background to both the tensions and the opportunities that arise when doing mission in an Africa that is part of a globalized world. It discusses some insights that have emerged from the symposium with specific reference to the challenges faced by women doing mission in a globalized Zambian context. It concludes that globalization is setting the agenda for how mission should be done. To be relevant to Zambians, the church should seriously engage with the challenges and opportunities presented by the current uni‐directional globalization to make it into an instrument of liberation rather than a force of oppression.
A Case for Christianizing the Christian Church
Authors: Tahaafe‐Williams Katalina 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this article I argue that the work of evangelism must take place both within the church and outside the church. The evidence of decline in the church – particularly in the West–is not matched by the vibrancy of the church in the global South. In both regions however there is a demonstrable lack of depth in the quality of Christian discipleship. It was this issue which I sought to address in my work in the Uniting Church in Australia by addressing the need for catechetical programmes targeting young people in the “migrant” churches of our denomination. Before long it became clear that there was a desire from the whole church – both adults and young people ‐ to explore their faith and practice more deeply. The task is to “evangelize the baptized” (Arias), which prioritizes evangelization and catechesis. Evangelism is how the church with its good news of God's reign attracts people out there in the society by word and example. Evangelization takes place within the church and is the initial stage by which persons are led step by step to a first commitment to the Christian life of faith.
Effects of artificial epibionts on byssogenesis, attachment strength, and movement in two size classes of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis
Authors: Garner Yvette L. , Litvaitis Marian K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBlue mussels (Mytilus edulis) can alter the strength of byssal attachment and move between and within mussel aggregations on wave‐swept shores, but this movement ability may be limited by epibiont fouling. We quantified the effects of artificial epibiont fouling on the production of byssal threads, attachment strength, and movement in two size classes of blue mussels. In a factorial experiment, large epibiont‐covered mussels produced more functional byssal threads (i.e., those continuous from animal to substrate) after 24 h than large unfouled and small fouled mussels, but not more than small unfouled mussels. Small unfouled mussels formed and released more byssus bundles compared to any other treatment group, which indicates increased movement. Conversely, epibiont fouling resulted in decreased numbers of byssus bundles shed, and therefore reduced movement in small mussels. Epibiont‐covered mussels started producing byssal threads sooner than unfouled mussels, while small mussels began producing byssal threads earlier compared to large mussels. Mean attachment strength from both size classes increased by 9.5% when mussels were artificially fouled, and large mussels had a 34% stronger attachment compared to small mussels. On the other hand, a 2.3% decrease in attachment strength was found with increasing byssus bundles shed. Our results suggest that fouling by artificial epibionts influences byssal thread production and attachment strength in large mussels, whereas epibionts on small mussels impact their ability to move. Mussels are able to respond rapidly to fouling, which carries implications for the dynamics of mussel beds in their intertidal and subtidal habitats, especially in relation to movement of mussels within and among aggregations.
Visualizing actions from a third‐person perspective: effects on health behavior and the moderating role of behavior difficulty
Authors: Rennie Laura J. , Harris Peter R. , Webb Thomas L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractVisualizing behavior from a third‐person (vs. first‐person) perspective can produce stronger motivation to enact the behavior. However, the effects of perspective on health behaviors have been mixed. Hypothesizing that the difficulty of the visualized behavior might moderate the effect of perspective, two experiments manipulated the difficulty of the visualized behaviors (fruit/vegetable consumption; exercise) plus perspective and subsequently measured motivation (Experiments 1 and 2) and behavior (Experiment 2). In both experiments, the third‐person perspective produced stronger motivation to perform the easier, but not the more difficult, behavior. This effect extended to behavior in Experiment 2. Under certain conditions, encouraging people to visualize behavior from a third‐person perspective could represent a useful and cost‐effective means of promoting health behavior change.
Feeding by Scolytus bark beetles to test for differently susceptible elm varieties
Authors: Anderbrant O. , Yuvaraj J. K. , Martin J. A. , Gil L. , Witzell J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDutch elm disease (DED), caused by the fungi Ophiostoma ulmi and O. novo‐ulmi, has reduced elm populations severely in Europe and North America. Breeding programmes are in action to find less susceptible elm varieties suitable for re‐establishing elm stands. Bark beetles, mainly Scolytus spp., are the only known natural vectors of DED. During twig feeding, beetles transfer Ophiostoma spores to healthy elms. Thus, less palatable elms should run a lower risk of DED infections. In feeding preference bioassays, we offered twigs from elms exhibiting different degree of susceptibility to O. novo‐ulmi, together with non‐host trees to Scolytus beetles. Scolytus multistriatus preferred wych elm, Ulmus glabra, to 100% in two‐choice tests, whereas S. laevis did not discriminate between a tolerant and a susceptible variety of field elm, U. minor. We suggest that the feeding assay is useful as a low‐tech method in breeding programmes for evaluating the suitability of promising elm genotypes to vector insects.
Anatomical versus non‐anatomical resection for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma without macroscopic vascular invasion: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Zhao Hui , Chen Chuang , Gu Shen , Yan Xiaopeng , Jia Wenjun , Mao Liang , Qiu Yudong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground and AimThe superiority of anatomical resection (AR) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma compared with non‐anatomical resection (NAR) remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the prognostic outcomes of AR and NAR for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients without macroscopic vascular invasion, using a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.MethodsA total of 305 consecutive HCC patients without macroscopic vascular invasion who underwent curative hepatectomy were included in our study. PSM was performed in order to eliminate possible selection bias.ResultsBy PSM, the patients were divided into propensity‐matched anatomical resection (PS‐AR) (n = 114) and propensity‐matched non‐anatomical resection (PS‐NAR) (n = 114) groups. The 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year overall survival rates were 90.4%, 77.7%, and 65.7% in PS‐AR and 88.6%, 70.7%, and 52.2% in PS‐NAR (P = 0.053), respectively. The 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates were 84.1%, 64.9%, and 45.1% in PS‐AR and 75.4%, 48.1%, and 31.0% in PS‐NAR (P = 0.005), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that ICG‐R15 (P = 0.022); the Barcelona clinic liver cancer staging (P = 0.044) and microvascular invasion (MVI; P = 0.005) were independent risk factors for the overall survival rate, while type of resection (P = 0.027), surgical margin (P = 0.039), and MVI (P = 0.024) were independent risk factors for the RFS rate. Patients who underwent NAR were prone to early recurrence and marginal recurrence. Subgroup analysis indicated that the RFS rate was significantly better in PS‐AR than that in PS‐NAR (surgical margin ≥ 1 cm) (P = 0.025). Better RFS rate was observed in PS‐AR with MVI compared with PS‐NAR (P = 0.016).ConclusionsAnatomical resection contributed to improve the RFS rate in solitary HCC patients without macroscopic vascular invasion using PSM analysis, especially in patients with MVI.
Effects of Functional Disability and Depressive Symptoms on Mortality in Older Mexican–American Adults with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mutambudzi Miriam , Chen Nai‐wei , Markides Kyriakos S. , Al Snih Soham 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of co‐occurring depressive symptoms and functional disability on mortality in older Mexican–American adults with diabetes mellitus.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingHispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (HEPESE) survey conducted in the southwestern United States (Texas, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, California).ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling Mexican Americans with self‐reported diabetes mellitus participating in the HEPESE survey (N = 624).MeasurementsFunctional disability was assessed using a modified version of the Katz activity of daily living scale. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Mortality was determined by examining death certificates and reports from relatives. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to examine the hazard of mortality as a function of co‐occurring depressive symptoms and functional disability.ResultsOver a 9.2‐year follow‐up, 391 participants died. Co‐occurring high depressive symptoms and functional disability increased the risk of mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.11–4.34). Risk was greater in men (HR = 8.11, 95% CI = 4.34–16.31) than women (HR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.42–3.43).ConclusionCo‐occurring depressive symptoms and functional disability in older Mexican–American adults with diabetes mellitus increases mortality risk, especially in men. These findings have important implications for research, practice, and public health interventions.
Effect of Visual Impairment on Physical and Cognitive Function in Old Age: Findings of a Population‐Based Prospective Cohort Study in Germany
Authors: Hajek André , Brettschneider Christian , Lühmann Dagmar , Eisele Marion , Mamone Silke , Wiese Birgitt , Weyerer Siegfried , Werle Jochen , Pentzek Michael , Fuchs Angela , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. , Luck Tobias , Bickel Horst , Weeg Dagmar , Koppara Alexander , Wagner Michael , Scherer Martin , Maier Wolfgang , König Hans‐Helmut ,   the Study on Ageing, Cognition and Dementia in Primary Care Patients Group
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo examine how visual impairment affects physical and cognitive function in old age.DesignA longitudinal population‐based prospective cohort study.SettingGeneral practitioner offices at six study centers in Germany. They were observed every 1.5 years over four waves.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 77–101 at follow‐up Wave 2 (N = 2,394).MeasurementsPhysical and cognitive function were assessed using an adapted scale that had been previously developed, and visual impairment was rated on a Likert scale (none, mild, severe or profound).ResultsAdjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidity, linear fixed‐effects regression showed that the onset of severe visual impairment was associated with a decline in physical function score in the total sample (β = −0.15, P = .01) and in women (β = −.15, P = .03). Moreover, the onset of severe visual impairment was associated with decline in cognitive function score in the total sample (β = −0.38, P < .001) and in women (β = −0.38, P < .001) and men (β = −0.37, P = .001).ConclusionVisual impairment affects physical and cognitive function in old age. Interventional strategies to postpone visual impairment may contribute to maintaining physical and cognitive function.
Unrecognized Cognitive Impairment and Its Effect on Heart Failure Readmissions of Elderly Adults
Authors: Agarwal Kathryn S. , Kazim Rabia , Xu Jiaqiong , Borson Soo , Taffet George E. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo determine whether 30‐day readmissions were associated with presence of cognitive impairment more in elderly adults with heart failure (HF) than in those with other diagnoses and whether medical teams recognized cognitive impairment.DesignOne‐year prospective cohort quality improvement program of cognitive screening and retrospective chart review of documentation and outcomes.SettingAcademic tertiary care hospital medical unit with a cardiovascular focus and an enhanced discharge program of individualized patient education.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 70 and older screened before home discharge (241 admission encounters; 121 with HF as a primary diagnosis, 120 without). The HF cohort included individuals with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. Individuals who had undergone transplantation, ventricular assist device implantation, or hemodialysis or who had a primary oncology diagnosis or hospice referral were excluded.MeasurementsMini‐Cog administered 48 hours or less before discharge, 30‐day all‐cause readmission rates, documentation of dementia or cognitive impairment, and caregiver education.ResultsMini‐Cog scores were less than 4 (indicating cognitive impairment) in 157 encounters (82 (67.7%) with HF, 75 (62.5%) without). Mini‐Cog scores were similar in rate and distribution between groups. Individuals with HF and cognitive impairment had a significantly higher 30‐day readmission rate than did the other groups (26.8% vs 13.2%; P = .01; HF, no cognitive impairment, 12.8%; no HF, no cognitive impairment, 13.3%; cognitive impairment, no HF, 13.3%). In individuals with HF and cognitive impairment, those with documented caregiver education had lower readmission rates than those without (14.3% vs 36.2%; P = .03). Fewer than 9% had documentation of cognitive impairment in the medical record.ConclusionCognitive impairment, which is frequently undocumented, may indicate greater risk of readmission for individuals with HF than those without. Screening for cognitive impairment, adapting discharge for it, and involving family and caregivers in discharge education may help reduce readmissions.
Effects of Prefracture Depressive Illness and Postfracture Depressive Symptoms on Physical Performance After Hip Fracture
Authors: Rathbun Alan M. , Shardell Michelle , Orwig Denise , Gruber‐Baldini Ann L. , Ostir Glenn , Hicks Gregory E. , Miller Ram R. , Hochberg Marc C. , Magaziner Jay 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo compare the effect of prefracture depressive illness and postfracture depressive symptoms on changes in physical performance after hip fracture.DesignLongitudinal observational cohort.SettingBaltimore metropolitan area.ParticipantsOlder adults with hip fracture (N = 255).MeasurementsPrefracture depressive illness (from medical records) at baseline and postfracture depressive symptoms at 2 months (using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) were measured. Physical performance was measured 2, 6, and 12 months after fracture using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), a composite metric of functional status with a score ranging from 0 to 12. Weighted estimating equations were used to assess mean SPPB over time, comparing participants with and without prefracture depressive illness and subjects with and without postfracture depressive symptoms.ResultsParticipants with prefracture depressive illness had an SPPB increase of 0.4 units (95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.5–1.3) from 2 to 6 months, smaller than the increase of 1.0 SPPB unit (95% CI = 0.4–1.6) in those without prefracture depressive illness. Participants with postfracture depressive symptoms had an SPPB increase of 0.2 units (95% CI = −1.0–1.5) from 2 to 12 months, and those without postfracture depressive symptoms had a larger increase of 1.2 units (95% CI = 0.6–1.8) over the same period. Nevertheless, prefracture depressive illness and postfracture depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with SPPB.ConclusionsNeither prefracture depressive illness nor postfracture depressive symptoms were significantly associated with changes in physical performance after hip fracture, but the magnitude of estimates suggested possible clinically meaningful effects on functional recovery.
Differences in Symptom Distress Based on Gender and Palliative Care Designation Among Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Falk Hanna , Henoch Ingela , Ozanne Anneli , Öhlen Joakim , Ung Eva Jakobsson , Fridh Isabell , Sarenmalm Elisabeth Kenne , Falk Kristin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeTo explore patient‐reported symptom distress in relation to documentation of symptoms and palliative care designation in hospital inpatients.DesignThis cross‐sectional study analyzed data from 710 inpatients at two large hospitals in Sweden using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. Chart reviews focused on nurses’ and physicians’ symptom documentation and palliative turning point.MethodsDescriptive statistics were calculated for all variables and provided summaries about the sample. Patients were grouped according to gender, age, palliative care designation, and symptom documentation. The t test and chi‐square test were used to calculate whether symptom distress varied between groups. A two‐way analysis of variance was conducted for multiple comparisons to explore the impact of gender and age on mean symptom distress.FindingsFemales reported higher levels of symptom distress than did males related to pain, fatigue, and nausea. When comparing symptom distress between males and females with documentation pertaining to symptoms, there were significant differences implying that females had to report higher levels of symptom distress than males in order to have their symptoms documented.ConclusionsFemales need to report higher levels of symptom distress than do males for healthcare professionals to identify and document their symptoms. It can be hypothesized that females are not receiving the same attention and symptom alleviation as men. If so, this highlights a serious inequality in care that requires further exploration.Clinical RelevanceConsidering that common reasons why people seek health care are troublesome symptoms of illness, and that the clinical and demographic characteristics of inpatients are changing towards more advanced ages with serious illnesses, inadequate symptom assessment and management are a serious threat to the care quality.
Ex‐Dividend Profitability and Institutional Trading Skill
Authors: HENRY TYLER R. , KOSKI JENNIFER L. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTWe use institutional trading data to examine whether skilled institutions exploit positive abnormal ex‐dividend returns. Results show that institutions concentrate trading around certain ex‐dates, and earn higher profits around these events. Dividend capture trades represent 6% of all institutional buy trades but contribute 15% of overall abnormal returns. Institutional dividend capture trading is persistent. Institutional ex‐day profitability is also strongly cross‐sectionally related to trade execution skill. The relation between execution skill and profits disappears around placebo non‐ex‐days. Results suggest that skilled institutions target certain opportunities rather than benefiting uniformly over time. Furthermore, only skilled institutions can profit from dividend capture.
Vitamin D in newborns. A randomised controlled trial comparing daily and single oral bolus vitamin D in infants
Authors: Huynh Julie , Lu Thao , Liew Danny , Doery James CG , Tudball Ronald , Jona Madeleine , Bhamjee Roisin , Rodda Christine P 
Published: September 2016

AimThere are no published data to demonstrate the efficacy of bolus dose vitamin D in newborn infants. The study sought to evaluate this alternative approach of supplementation.MethodsThis single centre, open randomised controlled trial was conducted from August 2013 to May 2014. It compared the efficacy and safety of daily (400 IU) versus a bolus dose (50 000 IU) of cholecalciferol in newborn infants of vitamin D deficient mothers. The primary outcome measure was the rate of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) repletion‐defined as 25OHD greater than 50 nmol/L. The secondary objective was determining safety using adjusted total serum calcium.ResultsOf 70 eligible infants, 36 received a daily dose and 34 received a single high‐dose cholecalciferol. Mean 25OHD in the bolus group (154 nmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI) 131–177) was higher than the daily group (48 nmol/L, 95% CI 42–54) at 1–2 weeks of age. This was reversed at 3–4 months, (65 nmol/L, 95% CI 59–71) compared with the daily group (81 nmol/L, 95% CI 77–85). More infants in the single bolus group achieved vitamin D repletion (100 vs. 31%) at 1–2 weeks. By 3–4 months, both groups achieved similar vitamin D repletion rates (91 vs. 89%). Mean adjusted total serum calcium in the bolus group were normal at 1–2 weeks (2.73 mmol/L) and 3–4 months (2.55 mmol/L).ConclusionSingle bolus dosing of 50 000 IU cholecalciferol achieves higher 25OHD repletion rates at 1–2 weeks of age compared with daily dosing, but repletion rates were similar by 3–4 months. There was no hypercalcaemia documented with single bolus dosing in this study.
The critical role of mast cell-derived hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in regulating mast cell function
Authors: Liang Xin , Yin Guifang , Ma Yuanyuan , Xu Ke , Liu Jianwen , Li Jiyu 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Objectives
During colorectal tumour progression, the tumour microenvironment becomes hypoxic, and infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells occurs. The mast cells (MCs) are a type of immune cells plays an important role in tumour angiogenesis. However, it is unclear whether the role of MC in colorectal cancer is to promote or to inhibit tumour growth.

Methods
Immunohistochemical analysis of clinical colorectal cancer samples and a colorectal carcinoma model were used.

Key findings
We found the carcinomas and the adjacent tissues were infiltrated with large numbers of mast cells, and the MC infiltration quantity increased with the Dukes' stage. After tumour inoculation, the survival time of MC-deficient mice was remarkably longer than wild-type C57BL/6 mice, and the tumour growth rate of MC-deficient mice was slower than wild type. In addition, the survival time and tumour growth rate can be recovered in MC reconstruction mice. Furthermore, inhibition of the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) using siRNA reduced the release of inflammatory factors and the degree of MC degranulation.

Conclusions
Mast cells promote the development of colorectal cancer, and MC-derived HIF-1α plays an important role in regulating MC function. Our study reveals a novel role of MC-derived HIF-1α in the colorectal carcinoma microenvironment.