bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initiation and/or re-initiation of drug use among people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada from 2021 to 2022: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sergeant Anjali , Bach Paxton , Lei Jingxin , DeBeck Kora , Milloy M-J , Hayashi Kanna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Widespread health service disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic coincided with a dramatic increase in overdose deaths among people who use drugs (PWUD) in Vancouver, Canada. Those with a history of injection drug use are known to be at heightened risk of substance-associated harms. Drug use patterns and associated sociodemographic and health care utilization trends have been understudied in this population since the pandemic onset. We sought to understand patterns of drug use initiation and/or re-initiation among people with a history of injection drug use (IVDU).

Methods
Data were obtained from three harmonized prospective cohort studies of PWUD in Vancouver. Participants with a lifetime history of IVDU who responded to a survey between June 2021 and May 2022 were included. The primary outcome variable was a composite of substance use initiation and re-initiation over the study period, labelled as drug (re)-initiation. A multivariable generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to examine factors associated with self-reported (re)-initiation of substance use over the past six months.

Results
Among 1061 participants, the median age was 47 years at baseline and 589 (55.5%) identified as men. In total, 183 (17.2%) participants reported initiating and/or re-initiating a drug, with 44 (4.1%) reporting new drug initiation and 148 (14.0%) reporting drug re-initiation (9 participants responded ‘yes’ to both). Overall, unregulated stimulants (e.g., crystal methamphetamine and cocaine) were the most common drug class (re-)initiated (n = 101; 55.2%), followed by opioids (n = 74; 40.4%) and psychedelics (n = 36; 19.7%). In the multivariable analysis, (re-)initiation of drug use was independently associated with recent IVDU (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02, 6.76), incarceration (AOR 3.36, CI 1.12, 10.14) and inability to access addiction treatment (AOR 4.91, 95% CI 1.22, 19.75).

Conclusions
In an era impacted by the intersecting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the overdose crisis, nearly one in five PWUD with a history of IVDU began using a new drug and/or re-started use of a previous drug. Those who reported drug (re-)initiation exhibited riskier substance use behaviours and reported difficulty accessing treatment services. Our findings underscore the need to provide additional resources to support this high-risk population.
Lifetime trauma, mental well-being, alcohol and help-seeking; the phenomenological experience of veterans residing in Northern Ireland
Authors: Hitch Catherine , Toner Paul , Champion Hannah , Armour Cherie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Veteran residents in Northern Ireland (NI) are an under-researched population. Little is known about their experiences of trauma and mental health management. The overall mental well-being of veterans living in NI may be poorer than other veteran populations, due to the challenges presented by the unique landscape. Understanding their experiences is crucial for providing appropriate, targeted support.

Method
Six male veterans, who had received a mental health diagnosis, living in NI and all aged > 40 years participated. Semi-structured interviews, using open-ended questions, were conducted over the telephone. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore their experiences.

Results
Two experiential themes were identified each containing three experiential statements. Statements for ‘an extreme lack of’ included: lack of mental health literacy/awareness; lack of expectations of official support; lack of a sense of perceived appreciation. Statements for ‘an extreme abundance of’ included: exacerbated exposure to a range of extreme environments; high levels of ruled-based living; high levels of engaging with informal/local level support.

Conclusions
Several experiential statements aligned with existing literature, including having poor mental health literacy and problem recognition, and heavily utilising social support versus formal help-seeking. Some novel findings included bouncing between extreme positive and negative environments which could be as detrimental to mental health as experiencing conflict trauma. Heavy alcohol use was just another rule soldiers followed. Positive help-seeking experiences failed to improve poor opinions of support organisations. Finally, poor self-perceptions connected to military status are pertinent in NI, which seems to fuel self-marginalisation and distrust. A combination of factors likely contributes to many veterans living in NI having poorer mental well-being. Novel findings would benefit from further exploration as understanding how NI veterans interpret their experiences is key to providing adequate healthcare.
The utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT for predicting the pathological response and prognosis to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Guo Rui , Yan Wanpu , Wang Fei , Su Hua , Meng Xiangxi , Xie Qing , Zhao Wei , Yang Zhi , Li Nan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the potential utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT to assess response to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in patients with resectable NSCLC, and the ability to screen patients who may benefit from neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.

Methods
Fifty one resectable NSCLC (stage IA–IIIB) patients were analyzed, who received two-three cycles neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.18F-FDG PET/CT was carried out at baseline(scan-1) and prior to radical resection(scan-2). SULmax, SULpeak, MTV, TLG, T/N ratio, ΔSULmax%,ΔSULpeak%, ΔMTV%, ΔTLG%,ΔT/N ratio% were calculated. 18F-FDG PET/CT responses were classified using PERCIST. We then compared the RECIST 1.1 and PERCIST criteria for response assessment.With surgical pathology of primary lesions as the gold standard, the correlation between metabolic parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT and major pathologic response (MPR) was analyzed. All metabolic parameters were compared to treatment response and correlated to PFS and OS.

Results
In total of fifty one patients, MPR was achieved in 25(49%, 25/51) patients after neoadjuvant therapy. The metabolic parameters of Scan-1 were not correlated with MPR.The degree of pathological regression was negatively correlated with SULmax, SULpeak, MTV, TLG, T/N ratio of scan-2, and the percentage changes of the ΔSULmax%, ΔSULpeak%, ΔMTV%,ΔTLG%,ΔT/N ratio% after neoadjuvant therapy (p < 0.05). According to PERCIST, 36 patients (70.6%, 36/51) showed PMR, 12 patients(23.5%, 12/51) had stable metabolic disease(SMD), and 3 patients(5.9%, 3/51) had progressive metabolic disease (PMD). ROC indicated that all of scan-2 metabolic parameters and the percentage changes of metabolic parameters had ability to predict MPR and non-MPR, SULmax and T/N ratio of scan-2 had the best differentiation ability.The accuracy of RECIST 1.1 and PERCIST criteria were no statistical significance(p = 0.91). On univariate analysis, ΔMTV% has the highest correlation with PFS.

Conclusions
Metabolic response by 18F-FDG PET/CT can predict MPR to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in resectable NSCLC. ΔMTV% was significantly correlated with PFS.
A parasitic leiomyoma of the sigmoid mesentery with schwannoma-like image findings
Authors: Fujiwara Koki , Takagi Chisato , Sato Michio , Tokuda Toshiki , Tomita Masato , Sugita Atsunori , Furuya Kohei , Jinushi Makoto , Mitsuya Toshiyuki , Ando Nobutoshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Parasitic leiomyoma (PL) consists of uterine fibroids separate from the uterus that grow in extrauterine tissues such as the peritoneum and mesenterium. The diagnosis of PL requires a thorough medical history of laparoscopic myomectomies using a morcellator and the identification of typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings as uterine fibroids. Imaging diagnosis of PL is occasionally difficult when PL degenerates in various ways, owing to atypical findings on computed tomography (CT) and MRI.

Case presentation
A 29-year-old woman with a history of laparoscopic myomectomy visited a local hospital with lower abdominal pain. A mesenteric tumor on the sigmoid mesentery was suspected on MRI, and she was referred to our hospital. CT scan showed strong early contrast uptake in the center of the tumor, and MRI T2-weighted images showed high signals at the tumor margins and low signals in the center, suggesting a schwannoma. PL was also part of the differential diagnosis because of the patient’s history of laparoscopic myomectomy. With a preoperative diagnosis of a sigmoid colon mesenteric tumor undeniably of malignant origin, laparoscopic resection of the sigmoid mesenteric tumor was performed. Histopathological examination revealed it to be a PL.

Conclusions
We report a case of PL of the sigmoid mesentery with schwannoma-like findings on imaging that was treated laparoscopically. PL is sometimes difficult to distinguish from schwannomas because of the variety of imaging findings, such as uterine fibroids. PL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mesenteric tumors following laparoscopic myomectomies, even if it does not show typical imaging findings, such as uterine fibroids.
Changes in mandibular width and frontal-lower facial profile after orthognathic surgery using sagittal split ramus osteotomy with removal of internal bone interference in patients with class III skeletal malocclusion
Authors: Song In Jae , Kang Min Seong , Lee Jung Han , Bae Eun Yeong , Kim Bok Joo , Kim Chul Hoon , Kim Jung Han 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in mandibular width and frontal view ramus inclination using cone beam CT in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent BSSRO, with the removal of bone interference between segments.

Methods
For all 20 subjects, cone-beam CT imaging was performed prior to surgery (T1), immediately post-surgery (T2), and 6 months after surgery (T3). Reorientation was performed using R2GATE software (MegaGen, Seoul, Korea). The gonion and antegonial notch were used as reference points in the sagittal view, and the most lateral point of the condyle head was used as the reference point in the frontal view. All measurements were recorded in the frontal view.

Results
Inter-gonial width decreased by 2.64 mm at T3-T2 (P < .001) and by 2.58 mm at T3-T1 (P < .05). Inter-antegonial width decreased by 1.75 mm at T3-T2 (P < .05) and by 3.5 mm at T3-T1 (P < .001). In the frontal view, the right ramus inclination based on the gonion increased by 2.07° at T3-T1 (P < .05). The left ramus inclination based on gonion increased by 2.45° at T2-T1 (P < .05) and by 3.94° at T3-T1 (P < .001). The right ramus inclination based on antegonial notch increased by 2.35° at T2-T1 (P < .05) and by 3.04° at T3-T1 (P < .01). The left ramus inclination based on antegonial notch increased by 2.73° at T2-T1 (P < .001) and by 3.18° at T3-T1 (P < .001).

Conclusions
During bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, removing bone interference between the proximal and distal segments results in a reduction of postoperative mandibular width and an increase in frontal view ramus inclination.
The role of screening of patients proved to have gastroesophageal reflux disease by upper gastrointestinal endoscope for early detection of interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Elsharkawy Samar Hassan , Osman Ahmed Mohamed , Hamed Asmaa Rashad Abdou , Ghaly Ragy Mamdouh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a frequent digestive illness in North America, causing symptoms and complications. It affects 18.1–27.28% of people and is associated with decreased quality of life. Treatment improves quality of life, but treatment costs are higher. The study aims to assess the role of screening of patients proven to have GERD by upper gastrointestinal endoscope for early detection of interstitial lung diseases.

Subjects and methods
This research was cross-sectional research. The study will be conducted at the Chest Diseases Department of Ain Shams University hospitals. This prospective cross-sectional research will be performed on 90 randomly selected cases diagnosed with GERD by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. For 1 year.

Result
The findings of chest HRCT for enrolled patients are 15 patients (16.7%) showed positive CT findings suggestive of interstitial lung disease, whereas 75 patients (83.3%) had normal CT scans. The most common CT finding was atelectasis reported in nine patients (10%). a statistically significant correlation between age and fibrosis and reticular infiltration, female gender, and reticular infiltration. no statistically significant association between CT findings and each of the chest symptoms and GERD symptoms.

Conclusion
CT chest screen of patients diagnosed with GERD by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy plays a favorable role in the early detection of ILD to help in early management and treatment them. In patients diagnosed with GERD by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, we revealed that: reticular infiltration is more prevalent in female gender. Reticular infiltration and fibrosis increase with older age. Reticular infiltration and atelectasis increase in patients who have a hiatus hernia. Cough, dyspnea, and wheezes increase in older age.
Tissue-specific RNA-seq defines genes governing male tail tip morphogenesis in C. elegans
Authors: Kiontke Karin C. , Herrera R. Antonio , Mason D. Adam , Woronik Alyssa , Vernooy Stephanie , Patel Yash , Fitch David H. A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Caenorhabditis elegans males undergo sex-specific tail tip morphogenesis (TTM) under the control of the DM-domain transcription factor DMD-3. To find genes regulated by DMD-3, we performed RNA-seq of laser-dissected tail tips. We identified 564 genes differentially expressed (DE) in wild-type males versus dmd-3(-) males and hermaphrodites. The transcription profile of dmd-3(-) tail tips is similar to that in hermaphrodites. For validation, we analyzed transcriptional reporters for 49 genes and found male-specific or male-biased expression for 26 genes. Only 11 DE genes overlapped with genes found in a previous RNAi screen for defective TTM. GO enrichment analysis of DE genes finds upregulation of genes within the unfolded protein response pathway and downregulation of genes involved in cuticle maintenance. Of the DE genes, 40 are transcription factors, indicating that the gene network downstream of DMD-3 is complex and potentially modular. We propose modules of genes that act together in TTM and are co-regulated by DMD-3, among them the chondroitin synthesis pathway and the hypertonic stress response.
Impact of complete dentures treatment on Oral health-related quality of Life (OHRQoL) in edentulous patients: A descriptive case series study
Authors: Tariq Shameen , Shoaib Ahmad , Chaudhary Farooq Ahmad , Habib Syed Rashid , Javed Muhammad Qasim 
Published: September 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the changes in oral health-related quality of life [OHRQoL] before and three months after complete denture oral rehabilitation using the Geriatric oral health assessment index [GOHAI] in Pakistani elderly edentulous patients.
Methods: In this descriptive case series study a total of 80 edentulous patients were recruited from Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan from November 2021 to April 2022. The OHRQoL was evaluated twice by using the GOHAI- Urdu version. First, before getting the complete denture, and subsequently after three months of using a prosthesis. The data were analysed using SPSS-23. Pre and post-comparison were done by t-test. Moreover, the ANOVA test was utilized to assess the socio-demographic variables-GOHAI score and association.
Results: The mean GOHAI scores increased significantly from 22.9 (SD = 3.01) at baseline to 28.1 (SD = 5.59) after three months (P = 0.001), reflecting an overall increase of 5.2 points. At baseline, the ability of the patient to swallow comfortably was found to have the highest mean GOHAI score of 3.02 (SD= 1.24) and after three months of complete denture insertion, the same questionnaire item further improved with the highest mean GOHAI score of 3.43 (SD=1.05). The socio-demographic characteristics-based comparison of mean pre and post-insertion GOHAI scores suggested a statistically significant difference (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The OHRQoL in elderly edentulous patients improved after complete denture delivery, and a significant improvement was noted in most GOHAI domains.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.9402
How to cite this: Tariq S, Shoaib A, Chaudhary FA, Habib SR, Javed MQ. Impact of complete dentures treatment on Oral health-related quality of Life (OHRQoL) in edentulous patients: A descriptive case series study. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(9):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.9402
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Colonial Legacy and Informal Finance
Authors: An Jiafu , Lin Chen , Tai Mingzhu 
Published: September 2024

An influential line of research emphasizes that colonial legacy plays a key role in formal financial development. Can colonial legacy also shape informal finance? We investigate the impact of colonial legacy on informal financial development using a manually georeferenced data set within a credible empirical framework. In the 19th century, Europeans arbitrarily designed colonial borders that partitioned many ethnicities across multiple countries in Africa. Leveraging several spatial regression discontinuity designs across national borders and within British-French–partitioned Cameroon and a unique natural experiment where the same former British colony is compared with two otherwise similar areas with different exposures to French colonization, we discover that former British colonies today have better informal financial development than former French colonies. Exploring the channels, we find that places with a British colonial legacy maintain a style of social control that facilitates information flow, supports private enforcement and market interactions, and promotes strong legal cultures. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance. Funding: C. Lin acknowledges the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong for financial support [Grant AoE/B-704/22-R]. J. An acknowledges the general financial support from The University of Hong Kong Start-up Fund for New Professoriate Staff. M. Tai acknowledges the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong for financial support [General Research Fund No. 17500722]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01856 .
Social Learning and Content Quality Under Polarization
Authors: Kadiyala Bharadwaj , Shin Dongwook 
Published: September 2024

Problem definition: This paper studies how polarization influences content consumption and production on digital platforms that monetize consumer engagement. Specifically, we consider a content that advocates a particular position on a divisive issue. Consumers with polarized preferences toward the content’s position are sequentially exposed to the content. Initially, consumers are uncertain about the content quality, but they have the opportunity to learn about it using aggregate consumption metrics and other informative signals provided by the platform. Methodology/results: Using a stylized model, we find that under polarization, social learning based on consumption metrics can mislead consumers to perceive low-quality content as higher quality, even in the long run. Consequently, content providers may decrease their effort to improve content quality. These effects are amplified for more polarizing issues, especially when the content’s position is “mainstream” (i.e., aligned with the majority of the population). Our results thus provide a potential explanation for the proliferation of low-quality, polarizing content on platforms. Managerial implications: We offer normative guidance for content platforms seeking to enhance content quality, including offering consumers information to aid the social learning mechanism and appropriately selecting audience to mitigate the echo-chamber effect. Additionally, we propose payment schemes based on content popularity as an effective means to encourage content providers to improve quality. Funding: This work was supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council [General Research Fund 16502920]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0533 .
Systematic review and meta-analysis of developmental assets scales: A study protocol for psychometric properties
Authors: Habibi Asgarabad Mojtaba , Salehi Yegaei Pardis , Trejos-Castillo Elizabeth , Seyed Yaghoubi Pour Nazanin , Wiium Nora 
Published: September 2024

Background and aims
Application of developmental assets, one of existing Positive Youth Development (PYD) frameworks, has gained momentum in research, policy formulations, and interventions, necessitating the introduction of the most efficient scales for this framework. The present study protocol aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of developmental assets scales to document the underlying logic, objectives, and methodologies earmarked for the identification, selection, and critical evaluation of these scales.

Methods and materials
In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P), the intended search will encompass databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and PsycINFO, spanning from the inception of 1988 to 1st of April 2024. The review will include articles published published in English language focusing on individuals aged 10 to 29 years and reporting at least one type of reliability or validity of developmental assets scales. The review process will be in compliance with the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN), and the overall quality of evidence will be determined using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) guidelines.

Discussion
This comprehensive assessment aims to identify potential biases in prior research and offer guidance to scholars regarding the optimal scales for developmental assets in terms of validity, reliability, responsiveness, and interpretability The evidence-based appraisal of the scales strengths and limitations is imperative in shaping future research, enhancing their methodological rigor, and proposing refinements to existing instruments for developmental assets.