bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the Risk Factors and Clinical Features Associated With Severe Gastrointestinal Dysmotility in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: McMahan Zsuzsanna H. , Paik Julie J. , Wigley Fredrick M. , Hummers Laura K. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveA subset of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) develop severe gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility. We sought to determine predictors of severe SSc GI dysmotility and to identify distinct features associated with this phenotype.MethodsPatients with SSc who required supplemental nutrition (enteral or parenteral tube feeding) were compared to SSc patients with mild GI symptoms in a cross‐sectional analysis. The association between severe GI dysmotility and clinical and serologic features was examined using logistic regression. Baseline data were examined to determine predictors of developing severe GI dysfunction using Cox regression.ResultsSSc patients with severe GI dysmotility (n = 66) were more likely than those patients with mild GI symptoms (n = 1,736) to be male (odds ratio [OR] 2.47 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.34–4.56]; P = 0.004), and to have myopathy (OR 5.53 [95% CI 2.82–10.82]; P < 0.001), and sicca symptoms (OR 2.40 [95% CI 1.30–4.42]; P = 0.005), even after adjustment for potential confounders. Baseline features that were associated with the future development of severe GI dysfunction included male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 2.99 [95% CI 1.53–5.84]; P = 0.001) and myopathy (HR 5.08 [95% CI 2.21–11.67]; P < 0.001).ConclusionDistinct clinical features are present in SSc patients who are at risk of developing severe GI dysmotility. This finding is not only important clinically but also suggests that a unique pathologic process is at work in these patients.
Identification and Characterization of a Single High‐Affinity Fatty Acid Binding Site in Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Wenskowsky Lea , Schreuder Herman , Derdau Volker , Matter Hans , Volkmar Julia , Nazaré Marc , Opatz Till , Petry Stefan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA single high‐affinity fatty acid binding site in the important human transport protein serum albumin (HSA) is identified and characterized using an NBD (7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl)‐C12 fatty acid. This ligand exhibits a 1:1 binding stoichiometry in its HSA complex with high site‐specificity. The complex dissociation constant is determined by titration experiments as well as radioactive equilibrium dialysis. Competition experiments with the known HSA‐binding drugs warfarin and ibuprofen confirm the new binding site to be different from Sudlow‐sites I and II. These binding studies are extended to other albumin binders and fatty acid derivatives. Furthermore an X‐ray crystal structure allows locating the binding site in HSA subdomain IIA. The knowledge about this novel HSA site will be important for drug depot development and for understanding drug‐protein interaction, which are important prerequisites for modulation of drug pharmacokinetics.
Supplementary search methods were more effective and offered better value than bibliographic database searching: A case study from public health and environmental enhancement
Authors: Cooper Chris , Lovell Rebecca , Husk Kerryn , Booth Andrew , Garside Ruth 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundWe undertook a systematic review to evaluate the health benefits of environmental enhancement and conservation activities. We were concerned that a conventional process of study identification, focusing on exhaustive searches of bibliographic databases as the primary search method, would be ineffective, offering limited value.The focus of this study is comparing study identification methods. We compare (1) an approach led by searches of bibliographic databases with (2) an approach led by supplementary search methods. We retrospectively assessed the effectiveness and value of both approaches.MethodsEffectiveness was determined by comparing (1) the total number of studies identified and screened and (2) the number of includable studies uniquely identified by each approach.Value was determined by comparing included study quality and by using qualitative sensitivity analysis to explore the contribution of studies to the synthesis.ResultsThe bibliographic databases approach identified 21 409 studies to screen and 2 included qualitative studies were uniquely identified. Study quality was moderate, and contribution to the synthesis was minimal.The supplementary search approach identified 453 studies to screen and 9 included studies were uniquely identified. Four quantitative studies were poor quality but made a substantive contribution to the synthesis; 5 studies were qualitative: 3 studies were good quality, one was moderate quality, and 1 study was excluded from the synthesis due to poor quality. All 4 included qualitative studies made significant contributions to the synthesis.ConclusionsThis case study found value in aligning primary methods of study identification to maximise location of relevant evidence.
Simulating thermal effects of MR‐guided focused ultrasound in cortical bone and its surrounding tissue
Authors: Hudson Thomas J. , Looi Thomas , Pichardo Samuel , Amaral Joao , Temple Michael , Drake James M. , Waspe Adam C. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeMagnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is emerging as a treatment alternative for osteoid osteoma and painful bone metastases. This study describes a new simulation platform that predicts the distribution of heat generated by MRgFUS when applied to bone tissue.MethodsCalculation of the temperature distribution was performed using two mathematical models. The first determined the propagation and absorption of acoustic energy through each medium, and this was performed using a multilayered approximation of the Rayleigh integral method. The ultrasound energy distribution derived from these equations could then be converted to heat energy, and the second mathematical model would then use the heat generated to determine the final temperature distribution using a finite‐difference time‐domain application of Pennes’ bio‐heat transfer equation. Anatomical surface geometry was generated using a modified version of a mesh‐based semiautomatic segmentation algorithm, and both the acoustic and thermodynamic models were calculated using a parallelized algorithm running on a graphics processing unit (GPU) to greatly accelerate computation time. A series of seven porcine experiments were performed to validate the model, comparing simulated temperatures to MR thermometry and assessing spatial, temporal, and maximum temperature accuracy in the soft tissue.ResultsThe parallelized algorithm performed acoustic and thermodynamic calculations on grids of over 108 voxels in under 30 s for a simulated 20 s of heating and 40 s of cooling, with a maximum time per calculated voxel of less than 0.3 μs. Accuracy was assessed by comparing the soft tissue thermometry to the simulation in the soft tissue adjacent to bone using four metrics. The maximum temperature difference between the simulation and thermometry in a region of interest around the bone was measured to be 5.43 ± 3.51°C average absolute difference and a percentage difference of 16.7%. The difference in heating location resulted in a total root‐mean‐square error of 4.21 ± 1.43 mm. The total size of the ablated tissue calculated from the thermal dose approximation in the simulation was, on average, 67.6% smaller than measured from the thermometry. The cooldown was much faster in the simulation, where it decreased by 14.22 ± 4.10°C more than the thermometry in 40 s after sonication ended.ConclusionsThe use of a Rayleigh‐based acoustic model combined with a discretized bio‐heat transfer model provided a rapid three‐dimensional calculation of the temperature distribution through bone and soft tissue during MRgFUS application, and the parallelized GPU algorithm provided the computational speed that would be necessary for an intraoperative treatment planning software platform.
Prevalence and predictors of peripheral neuropathy in nondiabetic children with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yoganathan Sangeetha , Bagga Arvind , Gulati Sheffali , Toteja G. S. , Hari Pankaj , Sinha Aditi , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Irshad Mohammad 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: This study sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of peripheral neuropathy in nondiabetic children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Fifty‐one consecutive normally nourished children, 3–18 years of age, with CKD stages IV and V of nondiabetic etiology were enrolled from May to December 2012. Nerve conduction studies were performed in 50 children. Blood samples were analyzed for the biochemical parameters, trace elements, and micronutrients. Results: The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in our cohort was 52% (95% confidence interval 37.65, 66.34). The majority (80.8%) of the children had axonal neuropathy, and 11.5% had demyelinating neuropathy. Isolated motor neuropathy was identified in 92.3% of the children, and sensorimotor neuropathy was identified in 7.6%. The significant risk factors associated with peripheral neuropathy were older age, low serum copper, and dialysis therapy. Discussion: Electrodiagnostic studies should be performed in children with CKD to assess for peripheral neuropathy for the purpose of optimizing medical care. Muscle Nerve 57: 792–798, 2018
Copolymers based on GAP and 1,2‐Epoxyhexane as Promising Prepolymers for Energetic Binder Systems
Authors: Hafner Sven , Keicher Thomas , Klapötke Thomas M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCopolymers of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and 1,2‐epoxyhexane (EpH) have been synthesized via cationic ring‐opening polymerization using BF3×THF as a catalyst. Structures of the resulting polymers have been confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy and GPC. In a subsequent reaction with NaN3 in DMSO, the halogenated precursors were completely azidated, which was confirmed by the same spectroscopic methods. The introduced pendant n‐butyl chains act as an internal plasticizer by lowering the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymers compared to the reference compound glycidyl azide polymer (GAP). Compared to GAP in a similar molecular weight range, the copolymers also showed reduced viscosity. These properties make the described copolymers interesting candidates for use as energetic binders in cast‐cure applications.
Thermal Stability of Explosive Mixture with Additives at Different Ambient Temperatures
Authors: Nassim Bouras , Zhang Qi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThermal stability of explosive mixture containing solid‐liquid phase of trinitrohexahydrotriazine (RDX), isopropyl nitrate (IPN, 2‐propyl nitrate) and aluminum powder (Al) with addition of different rates of 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % of sulfuric acid H2SO4 to the (RDX/IPN/Al) mixture was measured based on numerical simulation. Kissinger, equation of state (EOS) method and Maxwell approximation were used to compute the physic‐chemical characteristics of the mixture. We add an amount of acid to present a new explosive component. To obtain the ignition temperature, Cookoff model of cylindrical test is performed. The heating process of mixture at different ambient temperatures was progressed, and the ignition temperature was found that it depends on both acid rate added and different ambient temperatures applied and focused by SADT analysis. Temperature distributions over time, different ambient temperatures effect on ignition delay time, ignition position are carried out.
Bayesian statistical approaches to evaluating cognitive models
Authors: Annis Jeffrey , Palmeri Thomas J. 
Published: November 2017

Cognitive models aim to explain complex human behavior in terms of hypothesized mechanisms of the mind. These mechanisms can be formalized in terms of mathematical structures containing parameters that are theoretically meaningful. For example, in the case of perceptual decision making, model parameters might correspond to theoretical constructs like response bias, evidence quality, response caution, and the like. Formal cognitive models go beyond verbal models in that cognitive mechanisms are instantiated in terms of mathematics and they go beyond statistical models in that cognitive model parameters are psychologically interpretable. We explore three key elements used to formally evaluate cognitive models: parameter estimation, model prediction, and model selection. We compare and contrast traditional approaches with Bayesian statistical approaches to performing each of these three elements. Traditional approaches rely on an array of seemingly ad hoc techniques, whereas Bayesian statistical approaches rely on a single, principled, internally consistent system. We illustrate the Bayesian statistical approach to evaluating cognitive models using a running example of the Linear Ballistic Accumulator model of decision making (Brown SD, Heathcote A. The simplest complete model of choice response time: linear ballistic accumulation. Cogn Psychol 2008, 57:153–178). WIREs Cogn Sci 2018, 9:e1458. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1458This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Computation
Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Psychology > Theory and Methods
Numerical aeroacoustic analysis of propeller designs
Authors: Chirico G. , Barakos G. N. , Bown N. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAs propeller-driven aircraft are the best choice for short/middle-haul flights but their acoustic emissions may require improvements to comply with future noise certification standards, this work aims to numerically evaluate the acoustics of different modern propeller designs. Overall sound pressure level and noise spectra of various blade geometries and hub configurations are compared on a surface representing the exterior fuselage of a typical large turboprop aircraft. Interior cabin noise is also evaluated using the transfer function of a Fokker 50 aircraft. A blade design operating at lower RPM and with the span-wise loading moved inboard is shown to be significantly quieter without severe performance penalties. The employed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is able to reproduce the tonal content of all blades and its dependence on hub and blade design features.
Subnational differences and entry mode performance: Multinationals in east and west China
Authors: Li Anran , Burmester Brent , Zámborský Peter 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe compare the influence of entry mode choice on subsidiary performance in two developmentally-differentiated regions of a developing host country. Analysis of 113 subsidiaries located in two provinces of China indicates that wholly owned subsidiaries outperform joint ventures in the developed region, whereas joint ventures outperform wholly owned subsidiaries in the less developed region. However, the smaller performance gap between wholly owned subsidiaries and joint ventures in the developed region indicates that the magnitude of influence of entry mode choices on performance varies across subnational regions. Firms must therefore be more discriminating in formulating entry strategies to regionally heterogeneous countries.
Public health interventions can increase objective and perceived control by supporting people to enact the choices they want to make
Authors: Adams Jean 
Published: November 2017

Abstract“Low-agency” public health interventions do not rely on individuals using their personal resources to benefit. These help people enact the choices they wish to make and are likely to increase objective and perceived control. Lower-agency interventions have been criticised as constraining individual choice. Pepper & Nettle show that this is unlikely to be the case.
Interpreting risky behavior as a contextually appropriate response: Significance and policy implications beyond socioeconomic status
Authors: Brezina Timothy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe significance of the contextually appropriate response perspective (CARP) can be judged, in part, by its potential to stimulate new research and guide public policy. To illustrate this potential, I move beyond socioeconomic status differences in behavior and apply CARP to broader, policy-relevant issues in criminology. In this area, CARP sheds new light on some old problems.
Both collection risk and waiting costs give rise to the behavioral constellation of deprivation
Authors: Mell Hugo , Baumard Nicolas , André Jean-Baptiste 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPepper & Nettle explain the behavioral constellation of deprivation (BCD) in terms of differences in collection risk (i.e., the probability of collecting a reward after some delay) between high- and low-socioeconomic-status (SES) populations. We argue that a proper explanation should also include the costs of waiting per se, which are paid even when the benefits are guaranteed.
Reconciling an underlying contradiction in the Distancing-Embracing model
Authors: Cupchik Gerald C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Distancing-Embracing model proposes that negative emotions embedded in literary works can be rewarding. This is consistent with a holistic ontology in the German Romantic tradition. However, the application of cognitive psychology to explain experiences of aesthetic pleasure is problematic because it is founded on a mechanistic Enlightenment epistemology. The appreciation of negative emotions requires cognitive elaboration and closure, whereas hedonistic reward is contingent on the reader's needs, in the moment, for pleasure or distraction.
The paradox of tragedy and emotional response to simulation
Authors: Hogan Patrick Colm 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe insightful analysis of Menninghaus et al. could be deepened and rendered more systematic by recognizing that our emotional enjoyment of tragedy – and our response to fiction more generally – are versions of what happens with simulation. They derive from the operation and evolutionary function of simulation. Once we understand emotion in simulation, we largely understand emotion in tragedy (and fiction).
“Negative emotions” live in stories, not in the hearts of readers who enjoy them
Authors: Konečni Vladimir J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe commendably ambitious project by Menninghaus et al. fails because its main connective tissue – “negative emotions” – is beyond the grasp of the authors' largely literary approach. The critique focuses on their treatment of the Paradox of Fiction, the neglect of the biological, adaptive nature of emotions, and the absence of convincing empirical support for key aspects of the proposed model.
Does art expertise facilitate distancing?
Authors: Leder Helmut , Schwarz Norbert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWith respect to the Distancing-Embracing model, we discuss whether experts with well-developed and highly accessible schemata that lend themselves to distancing have initial affective reactions similar to those of novices, who lack access to well-developed distancing mechanisms, and whether differences between experts' and novices' responses are apparent only after distancing mechanisms have had a chance to do their work. We revisit findings from Leder et al. (2014) and discuss the role of mixed emotions and fluency.
Embracing nonfiction: How to extend the Distancing-Embracing model
Authors: Weisberg Deena Skolnick , Friend Stacie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Distancing factor of Menninghaus et al.'s model includes schemas that remind consumers that the representation is fictional. Although they claim that these schemas are crucial to the functioning of the Embracing factor of the model, we argue that consumers can have similar responses to nonfictional representations. We urge the authors to expand their model to include such cases.
Strengths, altered investment, risk management, and other elaborations on the behavioural constellation of deprivation
Authors: Pepper Gillian V. , Nettle Daniel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe are grateful to have received so many insightful commentaries from interested colleagues regarding our proposed behavioural constellation of deprivation (BCD) and our thoughts on its causes and consequences. In this response article, we offer some clarifications regarding our perspective and tackle some common misperceptions, including, for example, assumptions that the BCD is adaptive and that it should include all behaviours that vary with socioeconomic status. We then welcome some excellent proposals for extensions and modifications of our ideas, such as the conceptualisation of the BCD as a risk-management strategy and the calls for a greater focus on strengths and differential investment rather than deficits and disinvestment. Finally, we highlight some insightful explorations of the implications of our ideas for ethics, policy, and practice.
The Political Philosophies of Kant and Marx
Authors: Williams Howard 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhilst acknowledging that there are several major differences in the approach which Kant and Marx take to political philosophy this article argues that there are also several common themes. These common themes of commitment to critique, freedom, equality, human betterment and cosmopolitanism are first highlighted. Subsequently the most marked contrasts in their approaches are examined and evaluated. Although Kant demonstrates greater political wisdom and a greater respect for law, Marx shows greater insight into social and political forces. Taken together Kant and Marx present an as yet unrealized, powerful programme for political and social improvement.
Geochemical and mineralogical evidence that Rodinian assembly was unique
Authors: Liu Chao , Knoll Andrew H. , Hazen Robert M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe mineralogy and geochemistry associated with Rodinian assembly (~1.3–0.9 Ga) are significantly different from those of other supercontinents. Compared to other supercontinents, relatively more Nb-bearing minerals, Y-bearing minerals, and zircons formed during Rodinian assembly, with corresponding enrichments of Nb, Y, and Zr concentrations in igneous rocks. By contrast, minerals bearing many other elements (e.g., Ni, Co, Au, Se, and platinum group elements) are significantly less abundant, without corresponding depletion of Ni and Co concentrations in igneous rocks. Here we suggest that the Nb, Y, and Zr enrichments in igneous rocks and relatively more occurrences of corresponding Nb-bearing minerals, Y-bearing minerals, and zircons result from significant non-arc magmatism during the mid-Proterozoic, while fewer occurrences of many other minerals suggest enhanced erosion of Rodinian volcanic arcs and orogens. The prolonged, extrovert assembly of Rodinia from thickened mid-Proterozoic continental crust via two-sided subduction can account for both the prevalence of non-arc magmatism and the enhanced erosion.
Novel Methods for Prevention of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Iron
Authors: Xu Q. , Zhang J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIron is the most widely used metal in the world. However, hydrogen embrittlement in steels—iron based alloys—is an important issue related to the safety of our infrastructure, such as railroads and bridges. Therefore, the prevention of hydrogen embrittlement in steels is necessary. In the present study, we demonstrate two novel methods for the prevention of hydrogen embrittlement in iron: one involves the low-energy implantation of helium, which is usually an element harmful to metals, into iron, the other is inducing damage to the iron surface by ion irradiation. In general, irradiation with high-energy particles leads to metal brittleness. In the former method, the driving force for hydrogen embrittlement in iron is weakened, in the latter method, hydrogen diffusion in iron is prevented because of trapping of hydrogen atoms in the vacancies produced by the irradiation. As a result, hydrogen embrittlement in iron was suppressed by both methods.