bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated population model for bird monitoring in North America
Authors: Ahrestani Farshid S. , Saracco James F. , Sauer John R. , Pardieck Keith L. , Royle J. Andrew 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntegrated population models (IPMs) provide a unified framework for simultaneously analyzing data sets of different types to estimate vital rates, population size, and dynamics; assess contributions of demographic parameters to population changes; and assess population viability. Strengths of anIPMinclude the ability to estimate latent parameters and improve the precision of parameter estimates. We present a hierarchicalIPMthat combines two broad‐scale avian monitoring data sets: count data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and capture–recapture data from the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) program. These data sets are characterized by large numbers of sample sites and observers, factors capable of inducing error in the sampling and observation processes. TheIPMintegrates the data sets by modeling the population abundance as a first‐order autoregressive function of the previous year's population abundance and vital rates.BBScounts were modeled as a log‐linear function of the annual index of population abundance, observation effects (observer identity and first survey year), and overdispersion. Vital rates modeled included adult apparent survival, estimated from a transient Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber model usingMAPSdata, and recruitment (surviving hatched birds from the previous season + dispersing adults) estimated as a latent parameter. An assessment of theIPMdemonstrated it could recover true parameter values from 200 simulated data sets. TheIPMwas applied to data sets (1992–2008) of two bird species, Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) and Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) in the New England/Mid‐Atlantic coastal Bird Conservation Region of theUnited States. The Gray Catbird population was relatively stable (trend +0.4% per yr), while the Wood Thrush population nearly halved (trend −4.5% per yr) over the 17‐yr study period.IPMestimates of population growth rates, adult survival, and detection and residency probabilities were similar and as precise as estimates from the stand‐aloneBBSandCJSmodels. A benefit of using theIPMwas its ability to estimate the latent recruitment parameter. Annual growth rates for both species correlated more with recruitment than survival, and the relationship for Wood Thrush was stronger than for Gray Catbird. TheIPM's unified modeling framework facilitates integration of these important data sets.
Host specificity of two pollinating seed‐consuming fly species is not related to soil moisture of host plant in the high Himalayas
Authors: Song Bo , Stöcklin Jürg , Gao Yong‐Qian , Peng De‐Li , Sun Hang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStudying the drivers of host specificity can contribute to our understanding of the origin and evolution of obligate pollination mutualisms. The preference–performance hypothesis predicts that host plant choice of female insects is related mainly to the performance of their offspring. Soil moisture is thought to be particularly important for the survival of larvae and pupae that inhabit soil. In the high Himalayas, Rheum nobile and R. alexandrae differ in their distribution in terms of soil moisture; that is, R. nobile typically occurs in scree with well‐drained soils, R. alexandrae in wetlands. The two plant species are pollinated by their respective mutualistic seed‐consuming flies, Bradysia sp1. and Bradysia sp2. We investigated whether soil moisture is important for regulating host specificity by comparing pupation and adult emergence of the two fly species using field and laboratory experiments. Laboratory experiments revealed soil moisture did have significant effects on larval and pupal performances in both fly species, but the two fly species had similar optimal soil moisture requirements for pupation and adult emergence. Moreover, a field reciprocal transfer experiment showed that there was no significant difference in adult emergence for both fly species between their native and non‐native habitats. Nevertheless, Bradysia sp1., associated with R. nobile, was more tolerant to drought stress, while Bradysia sp2., associated with R. alexandrae, was more tolerant to flooding stress. These results indicate that soil moisture is unlikely to play a determining role in regulating host specificity of the two fly species. However, their pupation and adult emergence in response to extremely wet or dry soils are habitat‐specific.
Predators modify biogeographic constraints on species distributions in an insect metacommunity
Authors: Grainger Tess Nahanni , Germain Rachel M. , Jones Natalie T. , Gilbert Benjamin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTheory describing the positive effects of patch size and connectivity on diversity in fragmented systems has stimulated a large body of empirical work, yet predicting when and how local species interactions mediate these responses remains challenging. We used insects that specialize on milkweed plants as a model metacommunity to investigate how local predation alters the effects of biogeographic constraints on species distributions. Species‐specific dispersal ability and susceptibility to predation were used to predict when patch size and connectivity should shape species distributions, and when these should be modified by local predator densities. We surveyed specialist herbivores and their predators in milkweed patches in two matrix types, a forest and an old field. Predator‐resistant species showed the predicted direct positive effects of patch size and connectivity on occupancy rates. For predator‐susceptible species, predators consistently altered the impact of biogeographic constraints, rather than acting independently. Finally, differences between matrix types in species’ responses and overall occupancy rates indicate a potential role of the inter‐patch environment in mediating the joint effects of predators and spatial drivers. Together, these results highlight the importance of local top‐down pressure in mediating classic biogeographic relationships, and demonstrate how species‐specific responses to local and regional constraints can be used to predict these effects.
Directional, stabilizing, and disruptive trait selection as alternative mechanisms for plant community assembly
Authors: Rolhauser Andrés G. , Pucheta Eduardo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHow plant functional traits (e.g., seed mass) drive species abundance within communities remains an unsolved question. Borrowing concepts from natural selection theory, we propose that trait–abundance relationships can generally correspond to one of three modes of trait selection: directional (a rectilinear relationship, where species at one end of a trait axis are most abundant), stabilizing (an n‐shaped relationship), and disruptive (a u‐shaped relationship). Stabilizing selection (i.e., the functional convergence of abundant species) would result from positive density‐dependent interactions (e.g., facilitation) or due to generalized trade‐offs in resource acquisition/use, while disruptive selection (i.e., the divergence of abundant species) would result from negative density‐dependent interactions (e.g., competition) or due to environmental heterogeneity. These selection modes can be interpreted as proxies for community‐level trait–fitness functions, which establish the degree to which traits are truly “functional”. We searched for selection modes in a desert annual‐plant community in Argentina (which was divided into winter and summer guilds) to test the hypothesis that the relative importance of disruptive mechanisms (competition, disturbances) decreases with the increase of abiotic stress, a stabilizing agent. Average density was analyzed as a function of eight traits generally linked to resource acquisition and competitive ability (maximum plant height, leaf size, specific leaf area, specific root length), resource retention and stress tolerance (leaf dissection, leaf dry matter content, specific root volume), and regeneration (seed mass) using multiple quadratic‐regression models. Trait selection was stabilizing and/or directional when the environment was harshest (winter) and disruptive and/or directional when conditions were milder (summer). Selection patterns differed between guilds for two important traits: plant height and seed mass. These results suggest that abiotic stress may drive within‐community functional convergence independently of the trait considered, opposing the view that some traits may be inherently convergent while others divergent. Our quadratic model‐based approach provides standardized metrics of both linear and nonlinear selection that may allow simple comparisons among communities subjected to contrasting environmental conditions. These concepts, rooted in natural selection theory, may clarify the functional link between traits and species abundance, and thus help untangle the contributions of deterministic and stochastic processes on community assembly.
Effect of dietary bioactive compounds and biopolymer encapsulated lipids on metabolism of lipids in high fat diet‐fed mice
Authors: Yu Hao Yang , Lee Seung‐Jae , Lee Seung Yun , Lee Si Kyung , Hur Sun Jin 
Published: December 2016

We determined the effects of dietary bioactive components and biopolymer encapsulation on lipids’ metabolism in obese mice. Six random groups of 60 obese mice were fed the following diets for 95 days: Basal diet; cellulose encapsulated lipids; pectin and chitosan encapsulated lipids (EPC); Camellia sinensis and Coix lacryma enhanced diet; C. sinensis and C. lacryma diet plus pectin and chitosan encapsulated lipids; hydroxycitric acid, caffeine, and vitamin C enhanced diet plus pectin and chitosan encapsulated lipids (HCVEPC). The HCVEPC group usually presented lower body and total adipose tissue weight compared to other diet groups. Intestine length was not significantly different among all dietary groups. Serum leptin, triglycerides, and cholesterol were significantly lower in EPC and HCVEPC compared to other groups. However, serum glucose was not significantly different among groups. Our results indicate that bioactive compounds and biopolymers’ encapsulation act synergistically in the reduction of body and adipose tissue weight.Practical applications: Based on the results described above, it is suggested that bioactive components and biopolymer encapsulation with some natural products has synergistically in the reduction of body and adipose tissue weight on in vivo models. In addition, through this results suggest that can be used information and utilization of lipids metabolism, this research is to highlight the potential of selected natural products as a source of functional Substances. Therefore, lipids encapsulated with dietary biopolymers and bioactive compounds should be considered as a prospective functional food and pharmaceuticals application.We investigated effects of dietary bioactive components and biopolymer encapsulation on lipids’ metabolism in obese mice. Bio‐active components could enhance the effect of body and adipose tissue weight reduction in obese mice models. Dietary bio‐active compounds together with biopolymer encapsulated lipids showed a great reduction in serum triglycerides and cholesterol.
The chemical exposure toxicity space (CETS) model: Displaying exposure time, aqueous and organic concentration, activity, and onset of toxicity
Authors: Mackay Donald , Celsie Alena K.D. , Parnis J. Mark , McCarty Lynn S. , Arnot Jon A. , Powell David E. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

A 1-compartment toxicokinetic model is used to characterize the chemical exposure toxicity space (CETS), providing a novel graphic tool that can aid in the design of aquatic toxicity tests for fish and for interpreting their results. The graph depicts the solution to the differential equation describing the uptake kinetics of a chemical by a modeled fish under conventional bioassay conditions. The model relates the exposure concentration in the water to a dimensionless time and the onset of toxicity as determined by an estimated or assumed critical body residue or incipient lethal aqueous concentration. These concentration graphs are specific to each chemical and exposure and organism parameters and clearly demonstrate differences in toxicity between chemicals and how factors such as hydrophobicity influence the toxic endpoint. The CETS plots can also be used to assess bioconcentration test conditions to ensure that concentrations are well below toxic levels. Illustrative applications are presented using a recent set of high-quality toxicity data. Conversion of concentrations to chemical activities in the plots enables results for different baseline toxicants to be superimposed. For chemicals that have different modes of toxic action, the increased toxicity then becomes apparent. Implications for design and interpretation of aquatic toxicity tests are discussed. The model, and pictorial visualization of the time-course of aquatic toxicity tests, may contribute to improvements in test design, implementation, and interpretation, and to reduced animal usage. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1389–1396. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
THSD7A expression in human cancer
Authors: Stahl Phillip R. , Hoxha Elion , Wiech Thorsten , Schröder Cornelia , Simon Ronald , Stahl Rolf A. K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe recently described a case of a Thrombospondin Type‐1 Domain containing 7A (THSD7A) associated membranous nephropathy in a female patient who was synchronously suffering from a THSD7A‐positive malignancy. We here investigated the role of THSD7A as a new potential tumor antigen by evaluating over 20 000 tissue spots in more than 70 different tumor entities by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. THSD7A expression was highly variable in different neoplasias with differing staining patterns. Both gain and loss of THSD7A expression compared to expression status in non‐tumor tissue were linked to tumor‐specific markers in the different tumor entities and were of prognostic value. The potential role of THSD7A in tumor development and therapy needs further investigation.
Regionalization based envelope curves for PMP estimation by Hershfield method
Authors: Chavan Sagar Rohidas , Srinivas V. V. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTCluster analysis based regionalization procedure is proposed to construct a regional envelope curve for use with Hershfield probable maximum precipitation (PMP) estimation method. The procedure suggests (1) delineation of the study area into homogeneous PMP zones (regions) by performing cluster analysis on attributes affecting PMP, and (2) construction of regional envelope curve for each of the zones, and use of the curve(s) as the basis to estimate regional frequency factor (RFF) and PMP for site(s) in the study area. Conventional practice suggests construction of a single envelope curve for entire study area, which could be a political/physiographic area, or a river basin. This practice could yield unreliable RFF and PMP estimates if there is considerable variation in topography, landscape and/or climate in the study area. Effectiveness of the proposed regionalization procedure is demonstrated through a case study on 0.25° resolution rainfall data covering India. Global K‐means (GKM) and global fuzzy c‐means (GFCM) methods are considered for cluster analysis. The number of delineated homogeneous PMP zones is 20 with GKM method and 17 with GFCM method. The PMP estimates obtained for 0.25° resolution grids using the proposed procedure are generally found to be lower than those obtained by considering (1) one/two envelope curves for the entire India determined based on zones considered in previous studies, and (2) envelope curves prepared for four major river basins (Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery) in peninsular India. The PMP estimates are often considered as the basis to arrive at probable maximum flood (PMF) for design and risk assessment of large‐scale hydrological structures in river basins. Hence, PMF estimates could be expected to be lower when based on PMP estimates obtained using the proposed procedure, which is likely to have economic implications in design of the structures.
Sinusoidal CD30+ diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma can masquerade as anaplastic large cell lymphoma in pediatric posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Bhatt Neel S. , Kelly Michael E. , Batdorf Bjorn , Gheorghe Gabriela 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPosttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a known complication of solid organ transplantation. Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is frequently seen in this setting. However, CD30+ DLBCL with sinusoidal pattern of involvement has not been reported in pediatric PTLD. We are reporting a 9‐year‐old female child presented with diffuse lymphadenopathy postheart transplantation. The pattern of involvement was suggestive of anaplastic large cell lymphoma, but the malignant cells were positive for B‐cell markers and negative for anaplastic lymphoma kinase. The patient was treated aggressively with multiagent chemotherapy and rituximab. Accurate diagnosis in PTLD is paramount in making management decisions.
Interaction Between Atypical Antipsychotics and the Gut Microbiome in a Bipolar Disease Cohort
Authors: Flowers Stephanie A. , Evans Simon J. , Ward Kristen M. , McInnis Melvin G. , Ellingrod Vicki L. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesThe atypical antipsychotic (AAP) class is often associated with metabolic disease, but the mechanistic underpinnings of this risk are not understood. Due to reports linking gut bacteria function to metabolic disease, we hypothesize that AAP treatment in adults results in gut dysbiosis potentiating metabolic criteria. This report describes recent findings linking AAP treatment with differences in gut microbiota communities in a human cohort with bipolar disorder (BD).MethodsIn a cross‐sectional design, we obtained 16S ribosomal sequences from 117 BD patients (49 AAP treated, 68 non‐AAP treated). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was used to detect significant clustering of microbial communities between groups, and the inverse Simpson Diversity Index was used to calculate alpha diversity. Detection of differentially abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between groups was performed using linear discriminant analysis effect size.ResultsThe AAP‐treated cohort was significantly younger and had an increased body mass index compared with non‐AAP‐treated patients. Groups did not differ in other psychotropic medication use with the exception of higher use of benzodiazepines in the AAP cohort. We detected significant separation between microbiota communities of AAP‐treated and nontreated patients (AMOVA; p=0.04). AAP‐treated females showed significant decreased species diversity when compared with non‐AAP‐treated females (p=0.015). Males showed no significant diversity between treatment groups (p=0.8). Differentially abundant OTUs between treatment groups were OTU1, OTU25, and OTU32 that classified to Lachnospiraceae, Akkermansia, and Sutterella, respectively.ConclusionsThese data suggest that AAP treatment is associated with specific representation of gut bacterial families in AAP‐treated patients. In addition, AAP treatment is associated with decreased species richness in female AAP‐treated patients.
Suppression of zinc anode corrosion for printed flexible zinc‐air battery
Authors: Wongrujipairoj Krittaporn , Poolnapol Laksanaporn , Arpornwichanop Amornchai , Suren Sira , Kheawhom Soorathep 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSelf‐discharge caused by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) coinciding with corrosion of the zinc anode is a major drawback of printed zinc‐air batteries. Thus, this work aims at suppressing self‐discharge of flexible printed zinc‐air batteries by coating thin layer of aluminum oxide () onto the surface of zinc particles. The coating layer was directly synthesized onto the zinc particles by a low‐cost and facile sol–gel method. The coating effectively mitigated HER of the zinc particles, and delayed the corrosion of the zinc anode. Further, the effects of the thickness of layer on corrosion behavior of the zinc anode in 9 M potassium hydroxide as well as performance of the batteries were investigated. With a proper thickness of coating, corrosion of the battery was considerably suppressed without sacrificing the battery performance.(a) Photographic image of the fabricated battery, (b) transmission electron microscopic image of zinc particle coated with .
Speciation of uranium‐mandelic acid complexes using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and density functional theory
Authors: Kumar Pranaw , Jaison P.G. , Telmore V.M. , Sadhu Biswajit , Sundararajan Mahesh 
Published: December 2016

RationaleMandelic acid is a complexing agent employed for the liquid chromatographic separation of actinides. However, the types of species and the structural details of the uranyl‐mandelate complexes are still unknown. Understanding the nature of these complex species would provide better insight into the mechanism of their separation in liquid chromatography.MethodsFormation of different species of the uranyl ion (UO2) with mandelic acid was studied using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) with a quadrupole time‐of‐flight analyzer. The different species of uranyl nitrate with mandelic acid (MA) at ligand (L) to metal ratios in the range 1–10 were examined in both positive and negative ion modes. The stability of different species with the possible pathways of formation was scrutinized using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.ResultsIn negative ion mode, nitrate‐containing UO2(MA)1, UO2(MA)2 and UO2(MA)3 species were found in good abundance. In positive ion mode, under‐coordinated uranyl‐mandelate species, and solvated (S) species of types UO2(MA)1(S), UO2(MA)1(S)2 and UO2(MA)2(S), were observed whereas nitrate‐containing species were absent. Interestingly, doubly and singly charged dimeric species were also identified in positive ion mode. The theoretically computed energetics of the various species are in close agreement with their experimentally observed intensities in ESI‐MS.ConclusionsThe most intense peak observed in ESI‐MS, UO2(MA)3, was found to be the energetically most favorable amongst different UO2(MA)n type species. Metal‐ligand equilibria studied in the two modes yielded similar results. The combined experimental and quantum chemical investigations predict that T‐shape complexes may be formed even in the gas phase. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodiesel Synthesis from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Using Tungstophosphoric Acid Supported on Cesium‐Containing Niobia
Authors: Surasit Chanasuk , Yoosuk Boonyawan , Pohmakotr Manat , Tantirungrotechai Jonggol 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTungstophosphoric acid supported on cesium‐containing niobia (TPA/Csx/Nb2O5, x = 1.0–2.5) catalysts were prepared by a two‐step impregnation method, and their physico‐chemical properties were investigated. The initial studies on the esterification of oleic acid with methanol revealed that TPA/Cs ratio affected the acidity as well as the activity of the catalysts. Among the catalysts tested, TPA/Cs1.0/Nb2O5 exhibited the best performance. In addition, the efficiency of TPA/Cs1.0/Nb2O5 for biodiesel synthesis from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a by‐product from palm oil industry, was demonstrated, and the reaction parameters were also evaluated. Over 90% yield of FAME was achieved, and the properties of the biodiesel obtained from PFAD met the standard requirements for biodiesel fuel. However, deactivation of the catalysts was observed, possibly due to structural transformation or organic residues blocking the active sites.