bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of threo‐(2S,3R)‐2‐Amino‐3‐hydroxypentanedioic Acid 5‐Amide (threo‐β‐Hydroxy‐L‐glutamine).
Authors: CARDANI S. , PRATI L. , TINTI O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of threo‐(VIa) and erythro‐β‐hydroxy‐L‐glutamine (VIb) from the vinyl glycine derivative (I) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of 8α‐Substituted 9,10‐Didehydroergolines.
Authors: SAUER G. , HAFFER G. , WACHTEL H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLithium in ammonia stereoselectively reduces the 9,10‐double bond of the didehydroergolines (I) and (III), yielding (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Stereochemistry of Insecticidal Diterpenes from the Sea Pen Ptilosarcus gurneyi.
Authors: HENDRICKSON R. L. , CARDELLINA J. H. II 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTo clarify the absolute stereochemistry of ptilosarcenone (Ia) and ptilosarcone (IIIa) a reinvestigation of the title sea pen is carried out, also leading to the discovery of the five new diterpenes (Ib), (II) and (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling Reaction of 1,1,ω‐Trichloro‐1‐alkenes with Alkylmagnesium Chlorides Catalyzed by Palladium(II) and Copper(II) Complexes and the Synthesis of 10‐Propyl‐5(E),9‐tridecadien‐1‐ol Acetate (“Propylure”).
Authors: ZAKHARKIN L. I. , ANIKINA E. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reactions between the dichlorovinyl ω‐chloroalkenes (I) and the Grignard reagents (II) proceed unsymmetrically, i.e. substitution of both of the chlorine atoms of the dichlorovinyl group takes place while the chloromethyl group remains unaffected.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification and Characterization of Mixed Oxidation States at Oxidized Titanium Surfaces by Analysis of X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectra.
Authors: CARLEY A. F. , CHALKER P. R. , RIVIERE J. C. , ROBERTS M. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Ti(2p) core‐level spectra obtained during the growth of thin oxide films on a clean Ti foil have been analyzed using the spectral substraction method, which offers many advantages over curve‐fitting approaches.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of Semiconductor Colloids. Part 17. Strong Luminescing CdS and CdS‐Ag2S Particles.
Authors: SPANHEL L. , WELLER H. , FOJTIK A. , HENGLEIN A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe luminescence of colloidal CdS in aqueous solutions containing sodium polyphosphate as stabilizer is activated by addition of either AgClO4 or colloidal Ag2S. The degree of activation is controlled by the concentration of polyphosphate and added divalent metal ions.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of Ti3O5 with Chromium Additions.
Authors: SHVEIKIN G. P. , KELLERMAN D. G. , GORSHKOV V. S. , PERELYAEV V. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMagnetic susceptibilities of solid solutions Ti3‐xCrxO5 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.17 have been measured and the contributions of the α‐phase to the magnetic susceptibility are defined by a statistical analysis of the data.
ChemInform Abstract: Chromium(III) Hydrolysis Constants and Solubility of Chromium(III) Hydroxide.
Authors: RAI D. , SASS B. M. , MOORE D. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFrom the results of determinations of the solubility product of Cr(OH)3(s) and of Cr(III) hydrolysis constants it is clearly shown that 1) polynuclear species do not become dominant, 2) CrOH2+, possibly Cr(OH)0 3, and Cr(OH)‐ 4 are the dominant mononuclear species in a pH range of about 2.6‐14, and 3) hydrolysis constants reported in the literature, esp.
ChemInform Abstract: The Kinetics of the Reactions of S2 with O, O2, O3, N2O, NO, and NO2
Authors: HILLS A. J. , CICERONE R. J. , CALVERT J. G. , BIRKS J. W. 
Published: May 2016

Abstracthave been investigated at 409 K and low pressure (0.9‐3.0 torr) in a discharge flow system with mass spectrometric detection.
ChemInform Abstract: Electroorganic Chemistry. Part 101. Electrooxidative Rearrangement of Tosylamino Group: Facile Synthesis of α‐Amino Aldehydes from Primary Amines.
Authors: SHONO T. , MATSUMURA Y. , KATOH S. , INOUE K. , MATSUMOTO Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe tosylamides (I) are electrooxidatively converted to the acetals (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Synthesis of Octahydro‐ and 3a,4,5,6,7,7a‐Hexahydrobenzo(b)thiophenes from Methyl (E)‐4‐Mercapto‐2,6‐heptadienoate and Alkenes or Alkynes via Consecutive Radical Ring Closure.
Authors: KIESEWETTER R. , MARGARETHA P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe photolysis of the thiophene (I) leads to the ester (II) which is accompanied by the thiolane (III) formed via ring closure of the alkylthio radical under prolonged irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Rearrangement of N‐Substituted 2‐Methyl‐5‐nitro‐1H‐imidazoles in the Presence of Water.
Authors: PFOERTNER K.‐H. , DALY J. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn a first reaction step, the photorearrangement of the imidazoles (I) yields the products (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactivity of Metal‐Containing Monomers. Part 5. Hydrogenation of Transition Metal Acrylates.
Authors: KLYUEV M. V. , TERESHKO L. V. , DZHARDIMALIEVA G. I. , POLOGAI A. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe hydrogenation of the metal acrylates (I), producing the corresponding propionates (II), is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroammonolysis of Di‐n‐heptyl Ether and n‐Heptyl Oenanthate on an Iron Catalyst.
Authors: KLIGER G. A. , LESIK O. A. , MARCHEVSKAYA E. V. , GLEBOV L. S. , LOKHTEV S. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHydrogenolysis as well as hydroammonolysis of di‐n‐heptyl ether (Ia) produce n‐heptane (II).
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Method for Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐Alkenes via Alkenyldialkylboranes.
Authors: HOSHI M. , MASUDA Y. , ARASE A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAddition of the dialkylboranes (I) to the alkynes (II), according to a known procedure, affords the alkenyldialkylboranes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Metathesis of Ethyl 4‐Pentenoate and Co‐Metathesis with α‐Olefins.
Authors: VDOVIN V. M. , BESPALOVA N. B. , BOVINA M. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe tungsten hexachloride/tetramethyldisilacyclobutane system (II) catalyzes the metathesis reaction of ethyl 4‐pentenoate (I), producing the octenedioate (III), and the co‐metathesis of (I) with 1‐heptene (V) to form a mixture of the compounds (III), (IV), (VI), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Donors and Acceptors. Part 43. 9,12,22,25‐Tetramethoxy(7.7)paracyclophane‐4,17‐dione: Synthesis and Molecular Structure.
Authors: STAAB H. A. , MATZKE G. , KRIEGER C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title dione (IV) is synthesized starting from the iodide (Ib) which in turn is prepared from the bromide (Ia) by reaction with KI.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloadditions in Syntheses. Part 33. Practicable Synthesis of (1R,4R)‐ 5‐(L‐Menthoxy)‐2‐azabicyclo(2.2.0)hex‐5‐en‐3‐one and Its Derivatives: New Building Blocks for Carbapenem Nuclei.
Authors: SATO M. , KATAGIRI N. , MUTO M. , HANEDA T. , KANEKO C. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract4‐Nitropyridine‐N‐oxide (I) reacts with the L‐menthoxide (II), yielding 4‐L‐menthoxy‐pyridine‐N‐oxide (III) which is rearranged to form the pyridone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrosynthesis of 1,2‐Dithiolane 1‐Oxides from Substituted 1,3‐Dithianes.
Authors: GLASS R. S. , PETSOM A. , WILSON G. S. , MARTINEZ R. , JUARISTI E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAnodic oxidation of the 1,3‐dithianes (I) yields the dithiolane‐1‐oxide (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of the Adducts of N,N′‐Diphenylformamidine with Oxalyl Chloride and Phosgene.
Authors: BARSA E. A. , RICHTER R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDiphenylformamidine (I) reacts with phosgene (II) or oxalyl chloride (VII) to form the adducts (III) or (VIIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Antiradiation Agents. δ‐3‐Thiazolines.
Authors: DUBIEF R. , ROBBE Y. , FERNANDEZ J.‐P. , SUBRA G. , TEROL A. , CHAPAT J.‐P. , SENTENAC‐ROUMANOU H. , FATOME M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of the ketones (I) with the mercaptoaldehyde (II) in the presence of NH3 leads to the thiazolines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of 1,2,3‐Substituted 1,2,3,4‐ Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines.
Authors: POGOSYAN S. A. , MATEVOSYAN L. A. , MELIK‐OGANDZHANYAN A. S. , SAFRAZBEKYAN R. R. , ARZANYNTS E. M. , SARKISYAN I. S. , PARONIKYAN R. G. , AKOPYAN N. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe condensation product (III) of α‐methyltryptamine (I) and veratraldehyde (II) is alkylated by the chloroalkanoic amides (IV) to yield the amides (V) which are reduced, forming the amines (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of α‐Diketone Monophenylhydrazones in the Pyrimidine Series.
Authors: DYATLOV V. A. , GOLOLOBOV YU. G. , PETROVSKII P. V. , ESPENBETOV A. A. , STRUCHKOV YU. T. , ZAGULYAEVA O. A. , MAMAEV V. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe monohydrazones of phenylpyrimidinylglyoxals (III) are obtained from the phenacylpyrimidines (I) and a phenyldiazonium salt (II) in alkaline solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrogen Bridgehead Compounds. Part 65. Vilsmeier‐Haack Formylation of 4H‐Pyrido(1,2‐a)pyrimidin‐4‐ones. Part 6.
Authors: HORVATH A. , HERMECZ J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe formylation of the pyridopyrimidinones (Ia) ‐ (Id) fails, but the activated derivatives (Ie) ‐ (Im) can be formylated to produce (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles from Carbohydrate Precursors. Part 28. Synthesis of p‐Fluorophenylflavazoles from Dehydro‐D‐isoascorbic Acid.
Authors: EL ASHRY E. S. H. , RAHMAN M. A. , LABIB G. H. , EL‐MASSRY A. M. , MOFTI A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe quinoxalinone derivative (IVa) is prepared from D‐isoascorbic acid (I) by a one‐pot procedure, consisting in the oxidation with p‐benzoquinone and the reaction with o‐phenylenediamine (II) and the arylhydrazine (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Pathways to Simple Di‐ and Trisilylmethanes: Potential Starting Materials for the CVD Deposition of Amorphous Silicon a‐SiC:H.
Authors: SCHMIDBAUR H. , EBENHOECH J. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBenkeser reaction between (I) and (II) followed by reduction affords the di‐ and trisilylmethanes (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Silylated Enamines via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of 1‐Aza‐ and 1,4‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: BROCKMANN M. , TOM DIECK H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe catalytic hydrosilylation of the 1,4‐diaza‐1,3‐dienes (I) with the silane (II) in the presence of Rhodium(I) complexes carrying unsaturated diaza ligands produces the N‐silylated enediamine (III) and the tautomeric aminoimine (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(bromomagnesio)trimethylsilylmethane.
Authors: VAN DE HEISTEEG B. J. J. , SCHAT G. , TINGA M. A. G. M. , AKKERMAN O. S. , BICKELHAUPT F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTrimethyldibromomethylsilane (I) reacts with Mg‐amalgame, yielding the bis(magnesium) compound (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodi‐ and ‐trisilazanes ‐ Synthesis, Reactions and Ring Coupling.
Authors: EGERT E. , KLIEBISCH U. , KLINGEBIEL U. , SCHMIDT D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of the lithium salt of (I) with (II) or (V) does not afford the expected cyclodisilazane but rather the cyclotrisilazane (IV) and the open‐chain product (VII), formed by loss of ammonia from the intermediates (III) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Siloxanes. Part 4. Acetolysis of the Configurational Isomers of 1‐Chloro‐1,3,5‐trimethyl‐3,5‐bis(trimethylsiloxy)cyclotrisiloxane.
Authors: SCHEIM U. , RUEHLMANN K. + , GROSSE‐RUYKEN H. , PORZEL A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe acetolysis of the 1‐chlorocyclotrisiloxane (I), yielding the acetate (II), is investigated using 29Si‐NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Phenyl‐1,4‐thiaphosphorinane and Its Selenide.
Authors: VORONKOV M. G. , KUDYAKOV N. M. , VITKOVSKII V. YU. , ALBANOV A. I. , TROFIMOV B. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe photoreaction of phenylphosphine with divinyl sulfide gives the thiaphosphorinane (III) which is quantitatively transformed into its selenide.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Isocyanides at the Metal Complex. Part 9. Radical Alkylation of Cyano Complexes. Part 2. O‐Heterocyclic Isocyanides.
Authors: FEHLHAMMER W. P. , DEGEL F. , BECK G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAryldiazonium pentacarbonyl(cyano)chromates decompose even below 20 °C with evolution of N2 and formation of Cr(CO)5‐CNR (R being derived from the solvent).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of a Terminal Phosphinidene Complex with a Carbene Complex. Synthesis of a Phosphorus‐Carbon Double Bond Through Phosphinidene‐Carbene Coupling.
Authors: HOA TRAN HUY N. , MATHEY F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of equimolar amounts of the carbene complex (II) with transient (phenylphosphinidene)pentacarbonyltungsten, derived from (I), gives the phosphaalkene complex (III) which spontaneously dimerizes to form the corresponding 1,2‐diphosphetane complex (IV) as a mixture of the E and Z isomer.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Metal‐Metal Bond‐Forming Reaction: Synthesis, Structure, and Mechanism of Formation of (η‐C5H5)(CO)Fe(μ‐C(O)‐p‐tolyl)(μ‐CO)Mo(NO)(η‐C5H5), a Rare π‐Bound μ‐Acyl Compound.
Authors: BONNESEN P. V. , BAKER A. T. , HERSH W. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of the anionic "acyl" Mo complex (II) prepared as shown with the cationic Fe complex (III) leads to the cis and trans isomers of the binuclear μ‐acyl complex (V) via the intermediate (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Metal Complexes. Part 22. Stereoisomers of the Dichloro(3,6‐diaza‐2S,7S‐di(2‐pyridyl)octane)cobalt(III) Ion and Related Species.
Authors: JONES P. , WILLIAMS P. A. , VAGG R. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of the ligand 2S,7S‐octane (I) with CoCl2 and O2 in aqueous solution yields a mixture, from which may be isolated three chelate diastereomers (II)‐(IV) after addition of HCl and HClO4.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Copper(II) Complexes with Ligands Derived from the Schiff Base Reaction Between 2‐Pyridinecarboxaldehyde and Aliphatic Amines.
Authors: JOHNSON D. W. , MAYER H. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe required ligands, prepared by refluxing the appropriate amine and aldehyde in benzene, react without further purification or isolation with Cu perchlorate in MeOH to yield the title complexes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Crystal Structure and Thermal Behaviour of Bischromatodihydroxobis(pyridine)tricopper(II) (Cu3(CrO4)2(OH)2(C5H5N)2).
Authors: BENSCH W. , SEFERIADIS N. , OSWALD H. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound is prepared by slow crystallization from a hot aqueous solution of copper(II) dichromate and Py (no yield given).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Structure of Copper, Silver, and Gold Complexes of the Type (C5Me5CS2)M(PR3)n Containing a Mono‐ or Bidentate Dithiocarboxylato Ligand.
Authors: OTTO H. , WERNER H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reactions of the pentahapto or monohapto complexes (II) or (VI) with CS2 lead to insertion of CS2 into the C5Me5‐M bond with formation of the corresponding dithiocarboxylato complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Cationic Rhodium(I) Complexes with Diolefins and Isoquinoline N‐Oxide as Ligands.
Authors: CHRISTOFIDES A. , DRIGAS D. , TOURKA E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe complexes (Ia)‐(Ic) are prepared by treating the corresponding dimeric chlorodiolefin complex with AgClO4 in Me2CO and addition of isoquinoline N‐oxide hydrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Components from the Roots of Sambucus ebulus L. (Caprifoliaceae). Part 3. New Iridoid Glycosides and a Monoterpene Glycoside from Sambucus ebulus L. (Caprifoliaceae).
Authors: GROSS G.‐A. , STICHER O. , ANKLIN C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe novel iridoid glycosides (I) and (II) and the novel open‐chain monoterpene glycoside (III) are isolated from the roots of Sambucus ebulus.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐(Dimethylamino)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐2H‐azirine as an Aib Equivalent; Synthesis of Aib Oligopeptides.
Authors: OBRECHT D. , HEIMGARTNER H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe azirine (I) reacts with the carboxylic acids (II) to give the acylamino acid dimethylamides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Higher‐Carbon Sugars. Part 4. A Synthesis of L‐Galacto‐D‐galacto‐decose.
Authors: BRIMACOMBE J. S. , KABIR A. K. M. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWittig reaction of the octose (I) yields the E‐ and Z‐isomers (IIa) and (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Partial Protection of Carbohydrate Derivatives. Part 17. A Facile Procedure for Regioselective 1‐O‐Deacylation of Fully Acylated Sugars with Sodium Methoxide.
Authors: ITOH T. , TAKAMURA H. , WATANABE K. , ARAKI Y. , ISHIDO Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRegioselective 1‐O‐deacylation of fully acylated sugars, e.g. (I), (III), and (V), is achieved by treatment with sodium methoxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzomorphan Related Compounds. Part 22. Reduction of 3‐(Tetrahydropyridyl)indoles to Indolines. Synthesis of a New Type of Indolomorphan.
Authors: BONJOCH J. , BONCOMPTE F. , CASAMITJANA N. , BOSCH J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFollowing the reaction conditions indicated in the scheme the indole (I) as well as its isomer (IV) can be transformed to tetracycles of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to Eudistomins. Part 1. Synthesis of 1‐Amino‐3‐ thiaindolo(2,3‐a)quinolizidine.
Authors: NAKAGAWA M. , LIU J.‐J. , OGATA K. , HINO T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe thiazolidine derivative (I), prepared from L‐cysteine, is coupled with tryptamine (II) to form the amide (IIIa), which is sulfurized by Lawessons reagent, yielding the thioamide (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Prostaglandin Chemistry. Part 30. Synthesis of Chemically Stable PGI2 Analogues. Part 2. Synthesis of Halogen Substituted PGI2 Analogues.
Authors: BANNAI K. , TORU T. , OBA T. , TANAKA T. , OKAMURA N. , WATANABE K. , HAZATO A. , KUROZUMI S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTitle compounds of type (IV)‐(VIII) are synthesized starting from the esters (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acids and Peptides. Part 11. Synthesis of Four MIF Analogues Containing an N‐Terminal (S)‐5‐Thioxoprolyl Residue.
Authors: ANDERSEN T. P. , SENNING A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe amides (IV) are prepared by aminolysis of the ester (I) (→ (III)) and subsequent deblocking.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of Diels‐Alder Adduct (I) of Furan. Formal Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Avenaciolide.
Authors: KOTSUKI H. , OHNISHI H. , AKITOMO Y. , OCHI M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe adduct (I) is sequentially transformed to the bis‐lactone (VII) as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Quassinoids. Part 2. A New Approach to the BCD Ring System.
Authors: STEVENS R. V. , ANGLE S. R. , KLOC K. , MAK K. F. , TRUEBLOOD K. N. , LIU Y.‐X. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe adducts (III) are formed from the quinones (I) and the dienes (II) in a selective Diels‐Alder reaction.
Mid‐ to Late Holocene climate transition and moisture dynamics inferred from South Swedish tree‐ring data
Authors: Edvardsson Johannes 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA 1561‐year tree‐ring width (TRW) chronology covering the period 2668–1108 BC (4617–3057 BP) has been developed from 159 moisture‐sensitive peatland pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) sampled at Åbuamossen, southern Sweden. Tree population dynamics and annual growth responses of the trees were shown to reflect and give absolute age to regional hydro‐climatological changes. The main wet‐shifts recorded in the TRW data were precisely dated to 2150–2100, 1550 and 1230–1150 BC (4100–4050, 3500 and 3180–3000 BP) and are likely to be related to the stepwise Mid‐ to Late Holocene climate transition, during which the condition changed from relatively warm and dry towards cold and moist in the northern hemisphere. The tree‐colonization phase was ended by several long‐lasting periods showing depressed annual tree growth and an abrupt dying‐off phase, possibly caused by increasing water level in the peatland as well as the adjacent river Helge Å. This study demonstrates that TRW data obtained from subfossil peatland trees can provide detailed information and exact age control on moisture variability in peatlands associated with regional hydroclimatic changes. Moreover, the combined information from the stratigraphical and the TRW analyses enabled a detailed temporal and spatial site development reconstruction.
The Keap1–Nrf2–ARE Pathway As a Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Target: An Update
Authors: Lu Meng‐Chen , Ji Jian‐Ai , Jiang Zheng‐Yu , You Qi‐Dong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Keap1–Nrf2–ARE ((Kelch‐like ECH‐Associating protein 1) nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2‐antioxidant response element) pathway is one of the most important defense mechanisms against oxidative and/or electrophilic stresses, and it is closely associated with inflammatory diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and aging. In recent years, progress has been made in strategies aimed at modulating the Keap1–Nrf2–ARE pathway. The Nrf2 activator DMF (Dimethylfumarates) has been approved by the FDA as a new first‐line oral drug to treat patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, while a phase 3 study of another promising candidate, CDDO‐Me, was terminated for safety reasons. Directly inhibiting Keap1–Nrf2 protein–protein interactions as a novel Nrf2‐modulating strategy has many advantages over using electrophilic Nrf2 activators. The development of Keap1–Nrf2 protein–protein interaction inhibitors has become a topic of intense research, and potent inhibitors of this target have been identified. In addition, inhibiting Nrf2 activity has attracted an increasing amount of attention because it may provide an alternative cancer therapy. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of the Keap1–Nrf2–ARE system. The main focus of this review is on recent progress in studies of agents that target the Keap1–Nrf2–ARE pathway and the therapeutic applications of such agents.