bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronal imbalance in degenerative lumbar scoliosis
Authors: Bao H. , Yan P. , Qiu Y. , Liu Z. , Zhu F. 
Published: September 2016

AimsThere is a paucity of information on the pre-operative coronal imbalance in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and its influence on surgical outcomes.Patients and MethodsA total of 284 DLS patients were recruited into this study, among whom 69 patients were treated surgically and the remaining 215 patients conservatively Patients were classified based on the coronal balance distance (CBD): Type A, CBD < 3 cm; Type B, CBD > 3 cm and C7 Plumb Line (C7PL) shifted to the concave side of the curve; Type C, CBD > 3 cm and C7PL shifted to the convex side.ResultsA total of 99 of the 284 (34.8%) patient presented with a pre-operative coronal imbalance (mean CBD: 48.5, standard deviation 18.7 mm). More patients with a Type B malalignment were observed than with a Type C malalignment (62 versus 37). A total of 21 pf the 69 (30.4%) surgically treated patients had a post-operative coronal imbalance, which was found to be more prevalent in Type C patients (p < 0.001). At follow-up, less improvement was observed in terms of Short Form-36 Physical Component Score and visual analogue score for back pain (p = 0.034 and 0.025, respectively) in Type C patients.ConclusionThis study shows that patients with Type C coronal malalignment may be at greater risk of post-operative coronal imbalance following posterior osteotomy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1227–33.
The use of magnetically-controlled growing rods to treat children with early-onset scoliosis
Authors: Thompson W. , Thakar C. , Rolton D. J. , Wilson-MacDonald J. , Nnadi C. 
Published: September 2016

Aims We undertook a prospective non-randomised radiological study to evaluate the preliminary results of using magnetically-controlled growing rods (MAGEC System, Ellipse technology) to treat children with early-onset scoliosis. Patients and Methods Between January 2011 and January 2015, 19 children were treated with magnetically-controlled growing rods (MCGRs) and underwent distraction at three-monthly intervals. The mean age of our cohort was 9.1 years (4 to 14) and the mean follow-up 22.4 months (5.1 to 35.2). Of the 19 children, eight underwent conversion from traditional growing rods. Whole spine radiographs were carried out pre- and post-operatively: image intensification was used during each lengthening in the outpatient department. The measurements evaluated were Cobb angle, thoracic kyphosis, proximal junctional kyphosis and spinal growth from T1 to S1. Results The mean pre-, post-operative and latest follow-up Cobb angles were 62° (37.4 to 95.8), 45.1° (16.6 to 96.2) and 43.2° (11.9 to 90.5), respectively (p < 0.05). The mean pre-, post-operative and latest follow-up T1-S1 lengths were 288.1 mm (223.2 to 351.7), 298.8 mm (251 to 355.7) and 331.1 mm (275 to 391.9), respectively (p < 0.05). In all, three patients developed proximal pull-out of their fixation and required revision surgery: there were no subsequent complications. There were no complications of outpatient distraction. Conclusions Our study shows that MCGRs provide stable correction of the deformity in early-onset scoliosis in both primary and revision procedures. They have the potential to reduce the need for multiple operations and thereby minimise the potential complications associated with traditional growing rod systems. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1240–47.
Heterotopic ossification after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Verhofste B. , Decock T. , Van Tongel A. , De Wilde L. 
Published: September 2016

AimsHeterotopic ossification (HO) occurs after arthroplasty, especially total hip arthroplasty. In this study we describe the incidence, evolution, morphology and clinical consequences of HO following reverse shoulder arthroplasty.Patients and MethodsThis is a single-centre retrospective study of 132 consecutive patients who received a Delta III or Delta Xtend reverse total shoulder arthroplasty between 2006 and 2013 for the treatment of cuff tear arthropathy. There were 96 women and 36 men. Their mean age at the time of surgery was 69 years (49 to 89) and the mean follow-up was 36 months (12 to 84). The incidence, evolution, morphology and clinical consequences of HO using the Constant-Murley score (CS) were analysed. A modified Brooker classification of HO of the hip was used.ResultsHO was seen in 39 patients (29.5%). A total of 31 of these patients (81.6%) began to develop HO by three months post-operatively. According to the Hamada classification, 11 patients had grade 1a, eight had grade 1b, six had grade 1c and 14 had grade 2 HO. The HO evolved over a mean of 8.3 months (3 to 21). Patients with HO had a lower mean CS at three (p = 0.017), six (p < 0.001) and 12 months (p < 0.001) post-operatively. HO was not associated with notching (p = 0.675).ConclusionHO after reverse shoulder arthroplasty is a non-progressive condition without long-term clinical consequences. Only grade 2 HO is clinically relevant with a negative effect on the function of the shoulder during its development. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1215–21.
Single-stage treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with a new absorbable, gentamicin-loaded, calcium sulphate/hydroxyapatite biocomposite
Authors: McNally M. A. , Ferguson J. Y. , Lau A. C. K. , Diefenbeck M. , Scarborough M. , Ramsden A. J. , Atkins B. L. 
Published: September 2016

AimsChronic osteomyelitis may recur if dead space management, after excision of infected bone, is inadequate. This study describes the results of a strategy for the management of deep bone infection and evaluates a new antibiotic-loaded biocomposite in the eradication of infection from bone defects.Patients and MethodsWe report a prospective study of 100 patients with chronic osteomyelitis, in 105 bones. Osteomyelitis followed injury or surgery in 81 patients. Nine had concomitant septic arthritis. 80 patients had comorbidities (Cierny-Mader (C-M) Class B hosts). Ten had infected nonunions. All patients were treated by a multidisciplinary team with a single-stage protocol including debridement, multiple sampling, culture-specific systemic antibiotics, stabilisation, dead space filling with the biocomposite and primary skin closure.ResultsPatients were followed up for a mean of 19.5 months (12 to 34). Infection was eradicated in 96 patients with a single procedure and all four recurrences were successfully managed with repeat surgery. Adverse events were uncommon, with three fractures, six wound leaks and three unrelated deaths. Outcome was not dependant on C-M host class, microbial culture, wound leakage or presence of nonunion.ConclusionThis single-stage protocol, facilitated by the absorbable local antibiotic, is effective in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. It offers a more patient-friendly treatment compared with other published treatment options. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1289–96.
Layer by Layer Composite Membranes of Alginate-Chitosan Crosslinked by Glutaraldehyde in Pervaporation Dehydration of Ethanol
Authors: Rokhati Nur , Istirokhatun Titik , Samsudin Asep Muhamad 
Published: September 2016

Hydrophilicity of membrane causing only water can pass through membrane. Pervaporation process using organophilic membrane has been offered as alternative for ethanol dehydration. This paper investigate pervaporation based biopolymer composite membrane from alginate-chitosan using layer by layer method prepared by glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent and polyethersulfone (PES) as supported membrane. Characterization of crosslinked of composite membrane by FTIR helped in identification of sites for interaction between layers of membrane and support layer (PES). The SEM showed a multilayer structure and a distinct interface between the chitosan layer, the sodium alginate layer and the support layer. The coating sequence of membranes had an obvious influence on the pervaporation dehydration performance of membranes. For the dehydration of 95 wt% ethanol-water mixtures, a good performance of PES-chitosan-alginate-chitosan (PES/Chi/Alg/Chi) composite membrane was found in the pervaporation dehydration of ethanol. Article History: Received April 12nd , 2016; Received in revised form June 25th , 2016; Accepted July 1st , 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Rokhati, N., Istirokhatun, T. and Samsudin, A.M. (2016) Layer by Layer Composite Membranes of Alginate-Chitosan Crosslinked by Glutaraldehyde in Pervaporation Dehydration of Ethanol. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(2), 101-106.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.2.101-106
Microbial Fuel Cells for Simultaneous Electricity Generation and Organic Degradation from Slaughterhouse Wastewater
Authors: Christwardana Marcelinus , Prabowo Adrianus Kristyo , Tiarasukma Agnes Priska , Ariyanti Dessy 
Published: September 2016

Microbial fuel Cell (MFC) has gained a lot of attention in recent years due to its capability in simultaneously reducing organic component and generating electricity. Here multicultural rumen microbes (RM) were used to reduce organic component of slaughterhouse wastewater in a self-fabricated MFC. The objectives of this study were to determine the MFC configuration and to find out its maximum capability in organic degradation and electricity generation. The experiments were conducted by employing, different types of electrode materials, electrode size, and substrate-RM ratio. Configuration of MFC with graphite-copper electrode 31.4 cm2 in size, and substrate-RM ratio 1:10 shows the best result with current density of 318 mA m-2, potential 2.4 V, and achieve maximum power density up to 700 mW m-2. In addition, self-fabricated MFC also shows its ability in reducing organic component by measuring the chemical oxygen demand (COD) up to 67.9% followed by increasing pH from 5.9 to 7.5. MFC operating at ambient condition (29oC and pH 7.5), is emphasized as green-technology for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. Article History: Received March 26, 2016; Received in revised form June 20, 2016; Accepted June 25, 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Prabowo, A.K., Tiarasukma, A.P., Christwardana, M. and Ariyanti, D. (2016) Microbial Fuel Cells for Simultaneous Electricity Generation and Organic Degradation from Slaughterhouse Wastewater. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(2), 107-112.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.2.107-112
Energetic and exergetic Improvement of geothermal single flash cycle
Authors: Nazari Navid , Porkhial Soheil 
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a detailed analysis of a new method for improving energetic and exergetic efficiencies of single flash cycle. The thermodynamic process of the new method consists of extracting a fraction of hot wellhead geothermal brine for the purpose of superheating saturated steam entering the turbine. Computer programming scripts were developed and optimized based on mathematical proposed models for the different components of the systems. The operating parameters such as separator temperature, geofluid wellhead enthalpy and geothermal source temperature are varied to investigate their effects on both net power output and turbine exhaust quality of the systems. Also, full exergy assessment was performed for the new design. The results of separator temperature optimization revealed that specific net power output of the new design can be boosted up to 8% and turbine exhaust quality can be diminished up to 50% as compared to common single flash cycle. In addition, for wells with higher discharge enthalpy, superheating process improve specific net power output even up to 10%. Finally, it was observed that the overall system exergy efficiency was approximately raised 3%. Article History: Received January 5th 2016; Received in revised form June 25th 2016; Accepted July 3rd 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Nazari, N. and Porkhial, S. (2016). Energetic and Exergetic Improvement of Geothermal Single Flash Cycle. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(2),129-138.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.2.129-138
Modeling Operation Problem of Micro-grids Considering Economical, Technical and Environmental issues as Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming
Authors: Salahi Samira , Bahramara Salah 
Published: September 2016

Reduction of fossil resources, increasing the production of greenhouse gas emissions and demand growth lead to greater use of distributed energy resources in power system especially in distribution networks. Integrating these resources in order to supply local loads creates a new concept called micro-grid. Optimal operation of micro-grid in the specific time period is one of the most important problems of them. In this paper, the operation problem of micro-grids is modeled considering the economical, technical and environmental issues, as well as uncertainties related to loads, wind speed and solar radiation. The resulting model is a Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP). To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, Bisheh village in Iran is considered as a case study. The results showed that considering load curtailment costs, the power losses of the main grid, the penalties of pollutant gasses emissions and the elimination of energy subsides will tremendous impacts on the operation of microgrids. Article History: Received March 12, 2016; Received in revised form June 20, 2016; Accepted July 2nd 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Salahi, S., and Bahramara, S. (2016) Modeling Operation Problem of Micro-grids Considering Economical, Technical and Environmental issues as Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(2), 139-149.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.2.139-149
Evaluating the potential energy of a heliostat field and solar receiver of solar tower power plants in the southern region of Turkey
Authors: Al-Dualimi Raad Kadhim , Söylemez Mehmet Sait 
Published: September 2016

A prior study on the performance of high-efficient models for a heliostat field and solar receiver at various candidate locations (e.g., certain regions in the south of Turkey) helped determine suitable locations for installing solar tower power plant units. This study considered the fact that solar tower power plants are affected by the working conditions of a particular site, which helps realize the highest performance of the solar power tower plant. An optimized heliostat field consisting of 2650 SENER heliostats and a model of a solar receiver based on the data obtained using Gemasolar in Seville, Spain, was used as a reference in this work. Each heliostat position is specified using an optimization algorithm that refines previously proposed models, and two parameters are added to this model to further optimize the heliostat layout. Then, a sample analytical thermal model is used for predicting the radiative and convective heat losses from the receiver system. Article History: Received March 13rd 2016; Received in revised form Jun 22nd 2016; Accepted July 3rd 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Ra'ad, K, M, A. and Mehmet, S, S. (2016), Evaluating the potential energy of a heliostat field and solar receiver of solar tower power plants in the southern region of Turkey. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(2), 151-161,http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.2.151-161
Thermal and Ash Characterization of Indonesian Bamboo and Its Potential for Solid Fuel and Waste Valorization
Authors: Purbasari Aprilina , Samadhi Tjokorde Walmiki , Bindar Yazid 
Published: September 2016

Bamboo has been widely used in Indonesia for construction, handicrafts, furniture and other uses. However, the use of bamboo as a biomass for renewable energy source has not been extensively explored. This paper describes the thermal and ash characterization of three bamboo species found in Indonesia, i.e. Gigantochloa apus, Gigantochloa levis and Gigantochloa atroviolacea. Characterization of bamboo properties as a solid fuel includes proximate and ultimate analyses, calorific value measurement and thermogravimetric analysis. Ash characterization includes oxide composition analysis and phase analysis by X-Ray diffraction. The selected bamboo species have calorific value comparable with wood with low nitrogen and sulphur contents, indicating that they can be used as renewable energy sources. Bamboo ash contains high silicon so that bamboo ash has potential to be used further as building materials or engineering purposes. Ash composition analysis also indicates high alkali that can cause ash sintering and slag formation in combustion process. This implies that the combustion of bamboo requires the use of additives to reduce the risk of ash sintering and slag formation. Article History: Received May 15, 2016; Received in revised form July 2nd, 2016; Accepted July 14th, 2016; Available online How to Cite This Article: Purbasari, A., Samadhi, T.W. & Bindar, Y. (2016) Thermal and Ash Characterization of Indonesian Bamboo and its Potential for Solid Fuel and Waste Valorization. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(2), 95-100.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.2.96-100
Mesothelial cell transplantation: history, challenges and future directions
Authors: Kawanishi Kunio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMesothelial cells line the surface of the pleura, pericardium, peritoneum and internal reproductive organs. One of their main functions is to act as a non-adhesive barrier to protect against physical damage, however, over the past decades their physiological and pathological properties have been revealed in association with a variety of conditions and diseases. Mesothelium has been used in surgical operations in clinical settings, such as omental patching for perforated peptic ulcers and in glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium for aortic valve reconstruction. Various methods for mesothelial cell transplantation have also been established and developed, particularly within the area of tissue engineering, including scaffold and non-scaffold cell sheet technologies. However, the use of mesothelial cell transplantation in patients remains challenging, as it requires additional operations under general anesthesia in order to obtain enough intact cells for culture. Moreover, the current methods of mesothelial cell transplantation are expensive and are not yet available in clinical practice. This review firstly summarizes the history of the use of mesothelial cell transplantation in tissue engineering, and then critically discusses the barriers for the clinical application of mesothelial cell transplantation. Finally, the recent developments in xenotransplantation technologies are discussed to evaluate other feasible alternatives to mesothelial cell transplantation.
Peripheral blood leukocyte populations and urinary neopterin during chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Králíčková Pavlína , Vokurková Doris , Haviger Jiří , Řezáčová Vladimíra , Solichová Dagmar , Krčmová Lenka Kujovská , Melichar Bohuslav , Havlík Roman 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate serial changes in urinary neopterin and the populations of peripheral blood lymphocytes in breast cancer patients treated with primary chemotherapy. Thirty patients with breast cancer, including 20 patients undergoing primary chemotherapy treated with the combination of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide with sequential administration of paclitaxel-based therapy (cohort A), and 10 patients presenting for first-line therapy of metastatic disease and treated with the combination of bevacizumab, taxane and carboplatin (cohort M) were studied. Healthy female blood donors served as control group. Significant differences were observed in baseline relative and absolute counts of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations between both patient cohorts and controls. Significant changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations were also observed during the course of chemotherapy. However, no significant changes of urinary neopterin concentrations and no correlation between urinary neopterin and peripheral blood lymphocyte counts were observed. In conclusion, present data demonstrate the presence of significant differences in peripheral blood leukocyte phenotype in breast cancer patients even before the start of primary chemotherapy. Significant changes were observed during the course of chemotherapy.
Sorption behavior of cesium, cobalt and europium radionuclides onto hydroxyl magnesium silicate
Authors: Hamed Mostafa M. , Holiel M. , Ahmed I. M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The radioactive wastes from different activities have to be safely disposed of and isolated from the human environment. The retardation of radioactive materials by designed barriers is originally controlled by the sorption ability of the mineral compositions. In this work, a naturally available mineral composite, a hydroxyl magnesium silicate (HMS) was investigated as potential natural inorganic sorbent for the retention of long-lived radionuclides (134Cs, 60Co and 152+154Eu) from aqueous solutions. The factors affecting the sorption process, such as contact time and pH were evaluated. Furthermore X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal and thermogravimetry analyses (DTA/TGA) measurements were examined in order to assess the physicochemical properties of the magnesium silicate mineral. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms fitted the result s substantially better than the Flory–Huggins isotherm and the sorption was found to follow pseudo-first order kinetic model. The proposed mineral has been successfully applied for the sorption of 134Cs, 60Co and 152+154Eu radionuclides from real radioactive waste. The results indicated that about 97.4–99% of 134Cs, 60Co and 152+154Eu radionuclides were efficiently retained onto the HMS mineral. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the HMS mineral is an economic and efficient retaining material for environmental hazardous migration and/or leakage of some radionuclides such as 134Cs, 60Co and 152+154Eu and trivalent actinide (241Am, 242mAm and 243Am) ions. Therefore, this study could be used as a starting point to establish and consider that mineral as an engineered barrier around the disposal facilities at the nuclear activity centres.
Silver-based getters for 129I removal from low-activity waste
Authors: Asmussen R. Matthew , Neeway James J. , Lawter Amanda R. , Wilson Andrew , Qafoku Nikolla P. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A prominent radionuclide of concern in nuclear wastes, 129I, is present in low-activity wastes (LAW) at the Hanford site. Several Ag-containing materials were tested as immobilization agents, or “getters”, for I (as iodide, I−) removal from deionized (DI) water and a liquid LAW simulant: Ag impregnated activate carbon (Ag–C), Ag exchanged zeolite (Ag–Z), and argentite. In anoxic batch experiments with DI water, the Ag–C and argentite were most effective, with maximum Kd values of 6.2 × 105 mL/g for the Ag–C and 3.7 × 105 mL/g for the argentite after 15 days. Surface area and Ag content were found to influence the performance of the getters in DI water. In the anoxic batch experiments with LAW simulant, Ag–Z vastly outperformed the other getters with Kd values of 2.2 × 104 mL/g at 2 h, which held steady until 15 days, compared with 1.8 × 103 mL/g reached at 15 days by the argentite. All getters were stable over long periods of time (i.e. 40 days) in DI water, while the Ag–Z and argentite were also stable in the LAW simulant. Ag–Z was found to have consistent I removal upon crushing to a smaller particle size and in the presence of O2, making it a strong candidate for the treatment of LAW containing I.