bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expectation Propagation in the Large Data Limit
Authors: Dehaene Guillaume , Barthelmé Simon 
Published: August 2017

SummaryExpectation propagation (EP) is a widely successful algorithm for variational inference. EP is an iterative algorithm used to approximate complicated distributions, typically to find a Gaussian approximation of posterior distributions. In many applications of this type, EP performs extremely well. Surprisingly, despite its widespread use, there are very few theoretical guarantees on Gaussian EP, and it is quite poorly understood. To analyse EP, we first introduce a variant of EP: averaged EP, which operates on a smaller parameter space. We then consider averaged EP and EP in the limit of infinite data, where the overall contribution of each likelihood term is small and where posteriors are almost Gaussian. In this limit, we prove that the iterations of both averaged EP and EP are simple: they behave like iterations of Newton’s algorithm for finding the mode of a function. We use this limit behaviour to prove that EP is asymptotically exact, and to obtain other insights into the dynamic behaviour of EP, e.g. that it may diverge under poor initialization exactly like Newton’s method. EP is a simple algorithm to state, but a difficult one to study. Our results should facilitate further research into the theoretical properties of this important method.
Risk Factors for Suicidal Behavior Depend on Age for Veterans in the Pacific Islands
Authors: Pitts Barbara L. , Whealin Julia M. , Kato Jackson 
Published: August 2017

We examined whether risk factors for suicidal behavior depend on age among military veterans in the Pacific Islands (N = 29,595). For veterans under 54 years old, having a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, a drug use disorder, and having a service‐related disability predicted suicidal behavior. For veterans 54 years old or older, having a mood disorder predicted suicidal behavior. Having a history of suicidal behavior and a high number of VA health care visits were associated with suicidal behavior for both age groups. Our findings suggest that the predictive value of certain risk factors in veterans in the Pacific Islands may depend on age.
Incidence and body location of reported acute sport injuries in seven sports using a national insurance database
Authors: Åman M. , Forssblad M. , Larsén K. 
Published: August 2017

Sports with high numbers of athletes and acute injuries are an important target for preventive actions at a national level. Both for the health of the athlete and to reduce costs associated with injury. The aim of this study was to identify injuries where injury prevention should focus, in order to have major impact on decreasing acute injury rates at a national level. All athletes in the seven investigated sport federations (automobile sports, basketball, floorball, football (soccer), handball, ice hockey, and motor sports) were insured by the same insurance company. Using this insurance database, the incidence and proportion of acute injuries, and injuries leading to permanent medical impairment (PMI), at each body location, was calculated. Comparisons were made between sports, sex, and age. In total, there were 84 754 registered injuries during the study period (year 2006‐2013). Athletes in team sports, except in male ice hockey, had the highest risk to sustain an injury and PMI in the lower limb. Females had higher risk of injury and PMI in the lower limb compared to males, in all sports except in ice hockey. This study recommends that injury prevention at national level should particularly focus on lower limb injuries. In ice hockey and motor sports, head/neck and upper limb injuries also need attention.
A review of cross‐backed grasshoppers of the genus DociostaurusFieber (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from the western Mediterranean: insights from phylogenetic analyses and DNA‐based species delimitation
Authors: GONZÁLEZ‐SERNA MARÍA JOSÉ , ORTEGO JOAQUÍN , CORDERO PEDRO J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPhylogenetic analyses and species delimitation methods are powerful tools for understanding patterns of species diversity. Given the current biodiversity crisis, such approaches are invaluable for urgent assessment and delimitation of truthful species, particularly of endangered and morphologically cryptic taxa from vulnerable areas submitted to strong climate change and progressive human intervention such as the Mediterranean region. In this study, we applied two DNA‐based species delimitation methods and performed a Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction using three mitochondrial gene fragments (12S, 16S and COI) to solve several taxonomic uncertainties among species of cross‐backed grasshoppers (genus Dociostaurus Fieber) from the western Mediterranean. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate the polyphyletic character of subgenera Dociostaurus, Kazakia Bey‐Bienko and Stauronotulus Tarbinsky and, thus, the necessity of revising the currently accepted taxonomic subgenera within the genus Dociostaurus. We propose the split of closely related taxa with allopatric distributions such as D. (S.) kraussi and D. (S.) crassiusculus, considering the later a distinct species limited to the Iberian Peninsula and excluding the name crassiusculus from other forms of D. (S.) kraussi from East Europe and Asia. Estimates of divergence times indicate that diversification of Dociostaurus probably happened during the Miocene–Pliocene (3–7 Ma), and the split of the studied pairs of sister taxa took place during the middle and late Pleistocene (1–2 Ma). This study highlights the need for more molecular studies on the genus and their different species for a better understanding of their evolution, genetic variation and population dynamics in order to prioritize strategies for their adequate conservation and management.
Cartography of a Blind Spot: An Exploratory Analysis of European Border Cities
Authors: Sohn Christophe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDespite the importance of national borders in the process of European integration and its destiny, border areas remain relatively misrecognised. This is particularly true as regards the contemporary geography of border cities across Europe. It is therefore difficult to assess what importance border cities and cross‐border urban regions have and how they have evolved in parallel with the transformation of European borders. The aim of this paper is to highlight the urban dimension of border regions in Europe and, in particular, the diversity of configurations present. Through an original cartography of border cities, we hope to draw the attention of the research community interested in borders and border regions to an unfamiliar aspect of European borderlands and some of the issues and questions it raises.
Cases of transfusion‐transmitted babesiosis occurring in nonendemic areas: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: LeBel David P. , Moritz Erin D. , O'Brien Jennifer J. , Lazarchick John , Tormos Lee Marie , Duong Angie , Fontaine Magali J. , Squires Jerry E. , Stramer Susan L. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDTransfusion‐transmitted babesiosis (TTB) has been rapidly increasing in incidence since the beginning of the 21st century. Asymptomatic individuals with Babesia infection are able to donate blood in the United States because of the lack of specific blood donation testing. Blood products collected in Babesia‐endemic areas are distributed nationally; thus, clinicians in nonendemic states may fail to include babesiosis in the differential diagnosis of a patient who had a recent transfusion history and a fever of unknown origin.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe report the details of two cases of clinical transfusion‐transmitted babesiosis and one asymptomatic infection identified in red blood cell recipients in two nonendemic states (South Carolina and Maryland), which, when combined with three recent additional cases in nonendemic states, totals six recipient infections in three nonendemic states.RESULTSDelayed diagnosis of transfusion‐transmitted babesiosis places patients at risk for increased morbidity and mortality and may result in clinical mismanagement or unnecessary treatments. A peripheral blood smear should be reviewed in any patient with a recent transfusion and a fever of unknown origin. Prompt communication of the diagnosis among physicians is key to ensuring that patients with transfusion‐transmitted babesiosis are treated expeditiously, and a transfusion service investigation is necessary to identify additional recipients from the same donor.CONCLUSIONTTB is appearing in traditionally nonendemic states because of blood product distribution patterns. Clinicians should include TTB on the differential diagnosis in any patient presenting who had a recent transfusion history and a fever of unknown origin, regardless of where the transfusion took place.
Hematologic and plasma chemistry RIs for cultured Striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) in recirculating aquaculture systems
Authors: Galagarza Oscar A. , Kuhn David D. , Smith Stephen A. , Hrubec Terry C. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundStriped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is a valuable aquaculture fish species produced primarily in Southeast Asia. In the United States, it is bred as an ornamental species. Striped catfish has high productivity and great demand in numerous countries around the world, yet little is known about its normal physiology.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to establish hematologic and blood chemistryRIs for healthy juvenile Striped catfish.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 70 Striped catfish raised in recirculating aquaculture systems. Whole blood and plasma samples were analyzed for multiple hematologic and chemistry variables using standard techniques.ResultsTheRIs for hematology were as follows:PCV23.5–35.9%,MCV106.3–156.6 fL,RBCcount 1.79–2.75 × 106cells/μL, thrombocytes 26,318–73,333 cells/μL, totalWBCcount 36,294–94,286 cells/μL, total lymphocytes 18,997–59,998 cells/μL, small lymphocytes 13,763–51,490 cells/μL, large lymphocytes 715–21,200 cells/μL, granulocytes 4504–18,291 cells/μL, and monocytes 0–7549 cells/μL. Plasma chemistryRIs were the following:ALP32.7–74.6 U/L,AST20.3–1235.8 U/L, sodium 135.2–147.7 mmol/L, potassium 3.3–5.0 mmol/L, chloride 120.1–133.6 mmol/L, calcium 2.7–3.6 mmol/L, magnesium 0.9–1.3 mmol/L, phosphorous 1.4–2.7 mmol/L, glucose 4.6–7.6 mmol/L, cholesterol 2.8–5.3 mmol/L, total protein 30–42 g/L, albumin 7–11 g/L, globulin 22–32 g/L, albumin:globulin ratio 0.27–0.37, creatinine 0–8 μmol/L, and osmolality 251.8–327.9 mOsm/kg.ConclusionsReference intervals reported here can help veterinarians and fish health specialists monitor the health status of Striped catfish under recirculating aquaculture conditions for research, exhibition, and production purposes.
Radiographic, ultrasonographic, and computed tomographic characteristics of an accessory liver lobe in a cat
Authors: Soler Marta , Carrillo Juana D. , Belda Eliseo , Buendía Antonio , Agut Amalia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA 5‐year‐old male Norwegian Forest cat presented with increased hepatic serum biochemical parameters. Abdominal radiography showed an oval cranioventral mass and ultrasound revealed a mobile mass attached to one hepatic lobe. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed that the mass was attached to the right medial liver lobe. Differential diagnoses were an accessory liver lobe, benign neoplasia, and focal nodular hyperplasia. The mass was removed and histopathology confirmed the mass to be normal liver tissue. Accessory liver lobe should be included in the differential diagnosis of a mobile cranial abdominal mass with a similar ultrasonographic or CT appearance to the liver.
Oxygen therapies and their effects on wound healing
Authors: de Smet Gijs H.J. , Kroese Leonard F. , Menon Anand G. , Jeekel Johannes , van Pelt Antoon W.J. , Kleinrensink Gert‐Jan , Lange Johan F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOxygen is an important factor for wound healing. Although several different therapies investigated the use of oxygen to aid wound healing, the results of these studies are not unequivocal. This systematic review summarizes the clinical and experimental studies regarding different oxygen therapies for promoting wound healing, and evaluates the outcomes according the methodological details. A systematic literature search was conducted using Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, PubMed publisher, and Google Scholar libraries. Clinical and experimental studies investigating oxygen for wound healing were selected. Included articles were categorized according to the kind of therapy, study design, and wound type. The methodological details were extracted and analyzed. Sixty‐five articles were identified and divided in three different oxygen therapies: Local oxygen therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and supplemental inspired oxygen therapy. More than half of the included local oxygen and hyperbaric oxygen studies had one or more significant positive outcomes, 77 and 63%, respectively. Supplemental inspired oxygen therapy during gastrointestinal and vascular surgery was more likely to have a positive result than during other surgical interventions reducing surgical site infections. These many positive outcomes promote the use of oxygen treatment in the stimulation of wound healing. However, the lack of clinical studies and vast methodological diversity made it impossible to perform a proper comparison within and between the different therapies. Further randomized clinical studies are warranted to examine the value of these therapies, especially studies that investigate the more patient‐friendly oxygen dressings and topical wound oxygen therapies. Also, to achieve more solid and consistent data, studies should use more standardized methods and subjects.
Incomplete cauda equina syndrome secondary to haemorrhage within a Tarlov cyst
Authors: Yates Joseph R , Jones Conor S , Stokes Oliver M , Hutton Michael 
Published: August 2017

Sacral perineural (Tarlov) cysts are benign, cerebrospinal fluid containing lesions of the spinal nerve root sheath. They are usually asymptomatic; however, a small proportion have the potential to cause compression of nerve roots and/or the cauda equina.We report a case of a 61-year-old man who presented with acute onset back pain associated with bilateral radiculopathy. Between referral and consultation, the patient developed urinary dysfunction which resolved spontaneously.MRI revealed haemorrhage within a Tarlov cyst, resulting in compression of the cauda equina. Due to the considerable clinical improvement at the time of consultation, surgical decompression of the cyst was not considered to be indicated.An interval MRI scan 8 weeks later demonstrated that the haemorrhage within the perineural cyst had spontaneously resolved and the patient remained asymptomatic at 5-year follow-up.
Injuries in elite Korean fencers: an epidemiological study
Authors: Park Ki Jun , Brian Byung Song 
Published: August 2017

PurposeWe aimed to assess the risk of injury associated with training activities in a population of elite Korean fencers training for the Olympic games.MethodsWe analysed the incidence of sports injuries, based on data prospectively collected over an 8-year period (January 2008 to December 2015) at the National Training Center in Seoul, Korea. The population of elite fencing athletes was stratified according to fencing category (sabre, epee and foil), sex, injury location (body region and site) and injury severity (mild or level I injury, requiring treatment for 1–3 days; moderate or level II injury, requiring treatment for 4–7 days; and severe or level III injury, requiring treatment for ≥8 days).ResultsA total of 1176 injuries were recorded during the study period, with an average of 3.3 injuries per athlete annually. Of these, over half (52.6%) were mild injuries, with most injuries occurring in the lower extremity (47.2%), followed by injuries to the upper extremity (26.4%), trunk (21.4%), and head and neck area (5.0%). For all weapon categories, there was a significant difference between male and female athletes in terms of injury location and severity (p≤0.005).ConclusionsWe hope that our data describing injury location and severity according to weapon category and sex can help one understand the circumstances that lead to injuries in elite Korean fencers and can be used in the development of programmes to reduce the incidence of sports injuries and enhance athletic performance.
Concussion in the international ice hockey World Championships and Olympic Winter Games between 2006 and 2015
Authors: Tuominen Markku , Hänninen Timo , Parkkari Jari , Stuart Michael J , Luoto Teemu , Kannus Pekka , Aubry Mark 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundConcussions in sports are a growing concern. This study describes the incidence, injury characteristics and time trends of concussions in international ice hockey.MethodsAll concussions in the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) World Championships (WC) and Olympic Winter Games were analysed over 9 ice hockey seasons between 2006 and 2015 using a standardised injury reporting system and diagnoses made by the team physicians.ResultsA total of 3293 games were played (169 tournaments, 1212 teams, 26 130 players) comprising 142 244 athletic game exposures. The average injury rate (IR) for concussion was 1.1 per 1000 ice hockey player-games for all IIHF WC tournaments. The IR was the highest in the men's WC A-pool tournaments and Olympic Games (IR 1.6). However, the annual IR for concussion in the men's tournaments has been lower than that in the World Junior tournaments since 2012. When a concussion occurred with contact to a flexible board, the IR was 0.2 per 1000 player games. In contrast, the IR was 1.1, if the board and glass were traditional (for the latter, RR 6.44 (95% CI 1.50 to 27.61)). In the men's tournaments, the trend of concussions caused by illegal hits decreased over the study period. After the 4th Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport was published (2013), none of the concussed players in the men's WC returned to play on the day of injury.ConclusionsThe annual risk of concussion in the men's WC has decreased during the study period. This was most likely due to a reduction in illegal hits. The risk of concussion was significantly lower if games were played on rinks with flexible boards and glass. Rink modifications, improved education and strict rule enforcement should be considered by policymakers in international ice hockey.
INJURIES IN 17–19 YEAR-OLD MALE AMATEUR SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors: Ackermann Stefan , Henke Thomas , Bloch Wilhelm 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThere is only a small body of literature regarding injuries in male youth amateur soccer players. Yet such information is fundamental for effective prevention.ObjectiveAnalysis of injury patterns among 17–19 year old male amateur soccer players and comparison with adult male amateur and professional players.DesignQuestionnaire-based retrospective observational cohort study from August 30, 2014 to January 04, 2016. Players were instructed to fill out one general questionnaire and, in case of at least one injury during the relevant period of time, one additional questionnaire per injury.SettingRegional youth amateur soccer level. Participants were recruited from 20 clubs of four regional soccer leagues, representing the fifth and sixth highest level of performance for this age group.Participants301 players who competed in one of these leagues during the season 2015/16 were included.Main Outcome MeasurementsExposure, injured body parts, incidence and time loss.Results205 players sustained 253 injuries. The incidence was 12.9 injuries per 1,000 h of competition exposure and 1.1 injuries per 1,000 h of practice and friendly games. 82.9% of injuries were located at the lower extremity. Ligaments were injured most frequently (23.3%). 32.0% of all injuries could be graded as severe, 45.1% as moderate, followed by 15.4% mild and 4.7% minimal injuries as defined by Fulleret al. (2006). Physical contact caused injuries most frequently (30.4%), followed by landings (12.9%).ConclusionsInjury incidences in male youth amateur soccer were lower, while the portion of severe and moderate injuries was higher than in studies researching professional soccer. The allocation of injuries was almost similar to findings in professional and adult amateur soccer. Although physical contact is cross-study the most important cause of soccer injuries, existing prevention programs almost entirely focus on non-contact injuries. Therefore interventions preventing injuries through physical contact should be developed and validated.
WEEKLY ANKLE LUNGE TEST SCREENING MIGHT HELP PREVENT ANKLE INJURIES
Authors: Arend Mati , Kalev Maarja , Mäestu Jarek 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundResearch has shown that almost 80% of injuries in track and field athletes affect the lower limb. Therefore, it is important to regularly monitor the condition of athlete's musculoskeletal system to prevent injuries. Simplified measurement of ankle dorsiflexion (DF) with ALT has shown to predict injuries to the lower limb.ObjectiveTo prevent ankle injuries through weekly monitoring of Ankle Lunge Test (ALT).DesignA case series study of weekly ALT screening and injury registration during the 15 week training period. Participants were blinded to the results. Testing was carried out by one physiotherapist following athletes' rest day during the same time period of the day.SettingUniversity of Tartu Academic Sports Club, Track and field team.Patients (or Participants)Seven male (age 21.4±1.0 years; height 184.4±5.5 cm; weight 79.7±6.2 kg; training experience 6.9±3.2 years) and five female (age 22.2±1.3 years; height 171.6±10.7 cm; weight 60.2±6.3 kg; training experience 8.6±3.3 years) semiprofessional track and field athletes.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)ALT was measured as a distance from the great toe to the wall (nearest 0.1 cm on a tape measure).Main Outcome MeasurementsVariance of weekly ALT measurements compared to standard deviation of the same test and registered injuries.ResultsFive athletes (42% of the cohort) suffered an injury to the ankle area. Statistically significant (p<0.05) differences in mean ankle DF was found in four athletes. Also, ankle DF measurements were outside an average standard deviation in four athletes (80% of the ankle injury cohort) prior to the injury.ConclusionsComparing the weekly ALT results to the standard deviation of the previous average values may predict the athletes at increased risk of ankle overuse injuries. This may give valuable information to medical staff to regularly assess the athlete before increasing training load or intensity to keep the athlete injury free.