bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Promotes Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Is a Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Chen Jiwang , Sysol Justin R. , Singla Sunit , Zhao Shuangping , Yamamura Aya , Valdez-Jasso Daniela , Abbasi Taimur , Shioura Krystyna M. , Sahni Sakshi , Reddy Vamsi , Sridhar Arvind , Gao Hui , Torres Jaime , Camp Sara M. , Tang Haiyang , Ye Shui Qing , Comhair Suzy , Dweik Raed , Hassoun Paul , Yuan Jason X.-J. , Garcia Joe G.N. , Machado Roberto F. 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a severe and progressive disease, a hallmark of which is pulmonary vascular remodeling. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a cytozyme that regulates intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and cellular redox state, regulates histone deacetylases, promotes cell proliferation, and inhibits apoptosis. We hypothesized that NAMPT promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling and that inhibition of NAMPT could attenuate pulmonary hypertension.

Methods:

Plasma, mRNA, and protein levels of NAMPT were measured in the lungs and isolated pulmonary artery endothelial cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and in the lungs of rodent models of pulmonary hypertension.
Nampt
+/−
mice were exposed to 10% hypoxia and room air for 4 weeks, and the preventive and therapeutic effects of NAMPT inhibition were tested in the monocrotaline and Sugen hypoxia models of pulmonary hypertension. The effects of NAMPT activity on proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and calcium signaling were tested in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.

Results:

Plasma and mRNA and protein levels of NAMPT were increased in the lungs and isolated pulmonary artery endothelial cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as in lungs of rodent models of pulmonary hypertension.
Nampt
+/−
mice were protected from hypoxia-mediated pulmonary hypertension. NAMPT activity promoted human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation via a paracrine effect. In addition, recombinant NAMPT stimulated human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation via enhancement of store-operated calcium entry by enhancing expression of Orai2 and STIM2. Last, inhibition of NAMPT activity attenuated monocrotaline and Sugen hypoxia–induced pulmonary hypertension in rats.

Conclusions:
Our data provide evidence that NAMPT plays a role in pulmonary vascular remodeling and that its inhibition could be a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Competent Geometric Semantic Genetic Programming for Symbolic Regression and Boolean Function Synthesis
Authors: Pawlak Tomasz P. , Krawiec Krzysztof 
Published: February 2017

Program semantics is a promising recent research thread in Genetic Programming (GP). Over a dozen semantic-aware search, selection, and initialization operators for GP have been proposed to date. Some of these operators are designed to exploit the geometric properties of semantic space, while others focus on making offspring effective, that is, semantically different from their parents. Only a small fraction of previous works aimed at addressing both of these features simultaneously. In this article, we propose a suite of competent operators that combine effectiveness with geometry for population initialization, mate selection, mutation, and crossover. We present a theoretical rationale behind these operators and compare them experimentally to operators known from literature on symbolic regression and Boolean function synthesis benchmarks. We analyze each operator in isolation as well as verify how they fare together in an evolutionary run, concluding that the competent operators are superior on a wide range of performance indicators, including best-of-run fitness, test-set fitness, and program size.
The Hotel Study—Clinical and Health Service Effectiveness in a Cohort of Homeless or Marginally Housed Persons
Authors: Honer William G. , Cervantes-Larios Alejandro , Jones Andrea A. , Vila-Rodriguez Fidel , Montaner Julio S. , Tran Howard , Nham Jimmy , Panenka William J. , Lang Donna J. , Thornton Allen E. , Vertinsky Talia , Barr Alasdair M. , Procyshyn Ric M. , Smith Geoffrey N. , Buchanan Tari , Krajden Mel , Krausz Michael , MacEwan G. William , Gicas Kristina M. , Leonova Olga , Langheimer Verena , Rauscher Alexander , Schultz Krista 
Published: February 2017

Objective: The Hotel Study was initiated in Vancouver’s Downtown East Side (DTES) neighborhood to investigate multimorbidity in homeless or marginally housed people. We evaluated the clinical effectiveness of existing, illness-specific treatment strategies and assessed the effectiveness of health care delivery for multimorbid illnesses. Method: For context, we mapped the housing locations of patients presenting for 552,062 visits to the catchment hospital emergency department (2005-2013). Aggregate data on 22,519 apprehensions of mentally ill people were provided by the Vancouver Police Department (2009-2015). The primary strategy was a longitudinal cohort study of 375 people living in the DTES (2008-2015). We analysed mortality and evaluated the clinical and health service delivery effectiveness for infection with human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis C virus, opioid dependence, and psychosis. Results: Mapping confirmed the association between poverty and greater number of emergency visits related to substance use and mental illness. The annual change in police apprehensions did not differ between the DTES and other policing districts. During 1581 person-years of cohort observation, the standardized mortality ratio was 8.43 (95% confidence interval, 6.19 to 11.50). Physician visits were common (84.3% of participants over 6 months). Clinical treatment effectiveness was highest for HIV/AIDS, intermediate for opioid dependence, and lowest for psychosis. Health service delivery mechanisms provided examples of poor access, poor treatment adherence, and little effect on multimorbid illnesses. Conclusions: Clinical effectiveness was variable, and illness-specific service delivery appeared to have little effect on multimorbidity. New models of care may need to be implemented.
Effects of a Sedentary Intervention on Cognitive Function
Authors: Edwards Meghan K. , Loprinzi Paul D. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose: To examine the effects of a free-living, sedentary-inducing intervention on cognitive function. Design: Randomized controlled, parallel group intervention. Setting: University campus. Participants: Thirty-three young adults (n = 23 intervention; n = 10 control). Measures: The intervention group was asked to eliminate all exercise and minimize steps to ≤5000 steps/day for 1 week, whereas the control group was asked to continue normal physical activity (PA) levels for 1 week. Both groups completed a series of 8 cognitive function assessments (assessing multiple parameters of cognition) preintervention and immediately postintervention. The intervention group was asked to resume normal PA levels for 1 week postintervention and completed the cognitive assessments for a third time at 2 weeks postintervention. Analysis: Split-plot repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: The results of our statistical analyses showed that the group × time interaction effect was not significant ( P > .05) for any of the evaluated cognitive parameters. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the need for future experimental investigations of sedentary behavior to better understand its effects on cognitive function. However, although previous work has demonstrated favorable effects of acute and chronic PA on cognitive function, our findings suggest that a 1-week period of reduced PA does not detrimentally affect cognitive function, which may have encouraging implications for individuals going through a temporary relapse in PA.
Intramuscular Ziprasidone Dosing for Acute Agitation in the Pediatric Emergency Department: An Observational Study
Authors: Nguyen Tammy , Stanton Jillian , Foster Robin 
Published: February 2017

Background: Intramuscular (IM) ziprasidone is often used to manage acute agitation. Limited data exist on the pediatric dosing of ziprasidone in the emergency department (ED). Objective: To characterize the mg/kg dosing differences between pediatric ED patients who respond to an initial dose of ziprasidone versus patients who do not. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study of 5- to 18-year-old patients who were treated with IM ziprasidone in the pediatric ED from 2007 to 2015. Medical records were reviewed to determine demographic and clinical information. Patients were deemed responders to ziprasidone if they required no additional rescue medication for acute agitation within 30 minutes of the initial dose. Results: Forty children received 50 doses of IM ziprasidone. Twenty-seven (68%) patients responded to the initial ziprasidone dose, requiring no further medication intervention for their acute agitation. Responders were given a mean initial dose of 0.19 ± 0.1 mg/kg, while nonresponders were given an initial mean dose of 0.13 ± 0.06 mg/kg ( P = .03). Conclusion: A significant dose difference exists between patients who required only one initial dose of ziprasidone compared to those who required additional medication. As a result, an initial dose of 0.2 mg/kg of IM ziprasidone may be considered when managing acutely agitated pediatric patients in the ED.
Evaluating efficacy of current lung cancer screening guidelines
Authors: Nemesure Barbara , Plank April , Reagan Lisa , Albano Denise , Reiter Michael , Bilfinger Thomas V 
Published: February 2017

Objective Current lung cancer screening criteria based primarily on outcomes from the National Lung Screening Trial may not adequately capture all subgroups of the population at risk. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lung cancer screening criteria recommended by the United States Preventive Services Task Force, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network in identifying known cases of lung cancer. Methods An investigation of the Stony Brook Cancer Center Lung Cancer Evaluation Center's database identified 1207 eligible, biopsy-proven lung cancer cases diagnosed between January 1996 and March 2016. Age at diagnosis, smoking history, and other known risk factors for lung cancer were used to determine the proportion of cases that would have met current United States Preventive Services Task Force, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network eligibility requirements for lung cancer screening. Results Of the 1046 ever smokers in the study, 40% did not meet the National Lung Screening Trial age requirements, 20% did not have a ≥30 pack year smoking history, and approximately one-third quit smoking >15 years before diagnosis, thus deeming them ineligible for screening. Applying the United States Preventive Services Task Force, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network eligibility criteria to the Stony Brook Cancer Center's Lung Cancer Evaluation Center cases, 49.2, 46.3, and 69.8%, respectively, would have met the current lung cancer screening guidelines. Conclusions The United States Preventive Services Task Force and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services eligibility criteria for lung cancer screening captured less than 50% of lung cancer cases in this investigation. These findings highlight the need to reevaluate the efficacy of current guidelines and may have major public health implications.
Comparison and contrast of two general functional regression modelling frameworks
Authors: Morris Jeffrey S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract: In their article, Greven and Scheipl describe an impressively general framework for performing functional regression that builds upon the generalized additive modelling framework. Over the past number of years, my collaborators and I have also been developing a general framework for functional regression, functional mixed models, which shares many similarities with this framework, but has many differences as well. In this discussion, I compare and contrast these two frameworks, to hopefully illuminate characteristics of each, highlighting their respective strengths and weaknesses, and providing recommendations regarding the settings in which each approach might be preferable.
Association between red meat consumption and colon cancer: A systematic review of experimental results
Authors: Turner Nancy D , Lloyd Shannon K 
Published: February 2017

A role for red and processed meat in the development of colorectal cancer has been proposed based largely on evidence from observational studies in humans, especially in those populations consuming a westernized diet. Determination of causation specifically by red or processed meat is contingent upon identification of plausible mechanisms that lead to colorectal cancer. We conducted a systematic review of the available evidence to determine the availability of plausible mechanistic data linking red and processed meat consumption to colorectal cancer risk. Forty studies using animal models or cell cultures met specified inclusion criteria, most of which were designed to examine the role of heme iron or heterocyclic amines in relation to colon carcinogenesis. Most studies used levels of meat or meat components well in excess of those found in human diets. Although many of the experiments used semi-purified diets designed to mimic the nutrient loads in current westernized diets, most did not include potential biologically active protective compounds present in whole foods. Because of these limitations in the existing literature, there is currently insufficient evidence to confirm a mechanistic link between the intake of red meat as part of a healthy dietary pattern and colorectal cancer risk.Impact statementCurrent recommendations to reduce colon cancer include the reduction or elimination of red or processed meats. These recommendations are based on data from epidemiological studies conducted among cultures where meat consumption is elevated and consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are reduced. This review evaluated experimental data exploring the putative mechanisms whereby red or processed meats may contribute to colon cancer. Most studies used levels of meat or meat-derived compounds that were in excess of those in human diets, even in cultures where meat intake is elevated. Experiments where protective dietary compounds were used to mitigate the extreme levels of meat and meat-derived compounds showed protection against colon cancer, with some essentially negating the impact of meat in the diet. It is essential that better-designed studies be conducted that use relevant concentrations of meat or meat-derived compounds in complex diets representative of the foods consumed by humans.
“When You Come to the Fork in the Road, Take It . . .” Aspirations for Applied and Clinical Sociology
Authors: Steele Stephen F. 
Published: February 2017

This 2016 presidential address presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Applied and Clinical Sociology (AACS) looks forward to possible alternative forms of the discipline. Not intended as a purely academic article, this essay provides an overview of five “aspirations” that the presenter has for applied and clinical sociology and AACS: 1. A sociology that uses its perspectives and tools creatively. 2. Applied sociology will more aggressively mine the human stories that make human social life. 3. Applied sociology will ethically engage action and “doing” to produce positive social change. 4. Applied and Clinical Sociology will demonstrate its value, broaden its functional appeal, and create paths to diversity. Known for its integrative nature as a problem-solution-focused being, AACS will be a model twenty-first-century organization. 5. Sociology will clarify its core and demonstrate its direct value. Support solutions to societal and client problems. The address provides some novel, sometimes humorous, ways to achieve these aspirations.
Growth inhibitory activity of Ankaferd hemostat on primary melanoma cells and cell lines
Authors: Turk Seyhan , Malkan Umit Yavuz , Ghasemi Mehdi , Hocaoglu Helin , Mutlu Duygu , Gunes Gursel , Aksu Salih , Haznedaroglu Ibrahim Celalettin 
Published: February 2017

Objective: Ankaferd hemostat is the first topical hemostatic agent about the red blood cell–fibrinogen relations tested in the clinical trials. Ankaferd hemostat consists of standardized plant extracts including Alpinia officinarum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Thymus vulgaris, Urtica dioica, and Vitis vinifera. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Ankaferd hemostat on viability of melanoma cell lines. Methods: Dissimilar melanoma cell lines and primary cells were used in this study. These cells were treated with different concentrations of Ankaferd hemostat to assess the impact of different dosages of the drug. All cells treated with different concentrations were incubated for different time intervals. After the data had been obtained, one-tailed T-test was used to determine whether the Ankaferd hemostat would have any significant inhibitory impact on cell growth. Results: We demonstrated in this study that cells treated with Ankaferd hemostat showed a significant decrease in cell viability compared to control groups. The cells showed different resistances against Ankaferd hemostat which depended on the dosage applied and the time treated cells had been incubated. We also demonstrated an inverse relationship between the concentration of the drug and the incubation time on one hand and the viability of the cells on the other hand, that is, increasing the concentration of the drug and the incubation time had a negative impact on cell viability. Conclusion: The findings in our study contribute to our knowledge about the anticancer impact of Ankaferd hemostat on different melanoma cells.
Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma associated with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Yamamoto Tomoko , Hiroi Atsuko , Itagaki Hiroko , Kato Yoichiro , Iizuka Bunei , Itabashi Michio , Shibata Noriyuki , Nagashima Yoji 
Published: February 2017

Objectives: Adenocarcinoma is known to be associated with ulcerative colitis, but the diagnosis is sometimes challenging, both clinically and pathologically. Methods and Results: We present a case of extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma associated with ulcerative colitis, in which preoperative diagnosis was not possible. Glands in biopsy specimens showed a serrated appearance that looked like low-grade dysplasia or regenerative mucosa. After an operation due to severe symptoms of stenosis, carcinoma was diagnosed. Tumor cells, especially in invasive glands, tended to show stronger immunoreactivity against anti-CK7, TNF-α and Aurora B antibodies compared to cells of mucosal lesion. Interestingly, CD44v6, one of the adhesion molecules, was less expressed in invasive glands, while those glands exhibited stronger expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM 17), one of the sheddases that cleaves an extracellular domain of CD44. Conclusions: These observations appear interesting to consider the pathogenesis and to diagnose extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in ulcerative colitis, although further investigation is needed.
Switching to aripiprazole for the treatment of residual mutism resulted in distinct clinical courses in two catatonic schizophrenia cases
Authors: Muneoka Katsumasa , Kanahara Nobuhisa , Kimura Shou 
Published: February 2017

Objectives: The efficacy of a partial agonist for the dopamine D2 receptor, aripiprazole, for catatonia in schizophrenia has been reported. Methods: We report distinct clinical courses in challenging aripiprazole to treat residual mutism after severe catatonic symptoms improved. Results: In the first case, mutism was successfully treated when the patient was switched from olanzapine to aripiprazole. In contract, switching to aripiprazole from risperidone aggravated auditory hallucinations in the second case. Conclusions: We will discuss the benefits and risks of using aripiprazole for the treatment of catatonic schizophrenia and the possibility of dopamine supersensitivity psychosis.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo secondary to laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Shan Xizheng , Wang Amy , Wang Entong 
Published: February 2017

Objectives: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is a common vestibular disorder and it may be idiopathic or secondary to some conditions such as surgery, but rare following laparoscopic surgery. Methods: We report two cases of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo secondary to laparoscopic surgery, one after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a 51-year-old man and another following laparoscopic hysterectomy in a 60-year-old woman. Results: Both patients were treated successfully with manual or device-assisted canalith repositioning maneuvers, with no recurrence on the follow-up of 6 -18 months. Conclusions: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is a rare but possible complication of laparoscopic surgery. Both manual and device-assisted repositioning maneuvers are effective treatments for this condition, with good efficacy and prognosis.
High-flow priapism treated with superselective transcatheter embolization using polyvinyl alcohol particles
Authors: Sánchez-López Sebastián , González-Gómez Silvia , Di lizio-Miele Katyna , González-Gómez Joaquín 
Published: February 2017

Objectives: Priapism is a persistent erection of the penis not associated with sexual stimulation. High-flow priapism is caused by unregulated arterial inflow, usually preceded by perineal or penile blunt trauma and formation of an arterial-lacunar fistula. We present a case of high-flow priapism in a 13-year-old patient managed with polyvinyl alcohol particles. Methods: After obtaining informed consent of the parents of the minor, diagnosis was made with penile Color Doppler Ultrasound and confirmed with flush angiography. Selective arterial embolization was performed with the use of polyvinyl alcohol particles. Results: Complete detumescence was achieved without compromising the patient’s erectile function. Conclusions: The use of permanent occlusive agents like polyvinyl alcohol particles for embolization shows good occlusion rates compared to temporary agents. More studies are needed to find the safer and better agent for the treatment of high flow priapism without compromising erectile function.