bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotameric preferences of a protein spin label at edge‐strand β‐sheet sites
Authors: Cunningham Timothy F. , Pornsuwan Soraya , Horne W. Seth , Saxena Sunil 
Published: March 2016

AbstractProtein spin labeling to yield the nitroxide‐based R1 side chain is a powerful method to measure protein dynamics and structure by electron spin resonance. However, R1 measurements are complicated by the flexibility of the side chain. While analysis approaches for solvent‐exposed α‐helical environment have been developed to partially account for flexibility, similar work in β‐sheets is lacking. The goal of this study is to provide the first essential steps for understanding the conformational preferences of R1 within edge β‐strands using X‐ray crystallography and double electron electron resonance (DEER) distance measurements. Crystal structures yielded seven rotamers for a non‐hydrogen‐bonded site and three rotamers for a hydrogen‐bonded site. The observed rotamers indicate contextual differences in R1 conformational preferences compared to other solvent‐exposed environments. For the DEER measurements, each strand site was paired with the same α‐helical site elsewhere on the protein. The most probable distance observed by DEER is rationalized based on the rotamers observed in the crystal structure. Additionally, the appropriateness of common molecular modeling methods that account for R1 conformational preferences are assessed for the β‐sheet environment. These results show that interpretation of R1 behavior in β‐sheets is difficult and indicate further development is needed for these computational methods to correctly relate DEER distances to protein structure at edge β‐strand sites.
Cryptanalysis of a certificateless aggregate signature scheme with efficient verification
Authors: Shen Han , Chen Jianhua , Shen Jian , He Debiao 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRecently, Chen et al. proposed a certificateless aggregate signature scheme with efficient verification. They claimed that their scheme could resist attacks of Type I adversary and Type II adversary. Unfortunately, we present a universal attack to demonstrate that their scheme cannot provide unforgeability. The adversary in the proposed attack can forge a legal signature on any message without any users' secret information. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular prevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiDNAin goats’ milk and seroprevalence in Northwest Tunisia
Authors: Amairia Safa , Rouatbi Mariem , Rjeibi Mohamed R. , Nouasri Hanen , Sassi Limam , Mhadhbi Moez , Gharbi Mohamed 
Published: March 2016

AbstractToxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis with high impact on human and animal health. Consumption of unpasteurized milk is a risk factor of human toxoplasmosis. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence and molecular prevalence ofT. gondiiin goats’ milk in Northwest of Tunisia (Jendouba Governorate). A total number of 77 blood samples were collected from six herds were screened with a commercialELISAkit forT. gondiiantibodies. For the same goats’ samples, a nestedPCRwas performed to detectT. gondiiDNAin milk. The seroprevalence ofT. gondiiinfection was 31.2% (±0.05) while the molecular prevalence of this parasite in milk was estimated to 7.8% (±0.03). A very low value of kappa showed that there is not agreement between seroprevalence and parasite prevalence in milk. These results suggest that the consumption of raw milk from naturally infected goats is a potential source of human infection. An extension programme should be implemented to decrease related to goats’ raw milk consumption.
Behavior and risk probabilities of deer stand falls among Wisconsin hunters
Authors: Holsman Robert H. , Dhuey Brian J. , Petchenik Jordan B. , Van Wormer Jeffrey J. , Lohr Jessica Rees , Kaner Natalie 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTFalls from elevated hunting platforms have replaced firearm accidents as the largest source of hunting‐related injuries and deaths in the United States. Our study applied participation and behavior data from 2 statewide hunter surveys conducted in 2013, current license purchasing data, and an audit of medical records between 2009 and 2013 in the north‐central region of Wisconsin to generate annual and cumulative risk probabilities of being injured in a fall. Although archery hunting of deer (Odocoileus sp.) attracts fewer participants than firearm season, risk exposure is 4.5 times greater because of season length. Overall, the average risk probability for serious injury was 1 out of 71 through 25 years of hunting participation. The most avid deer hunters—those who hunt during archery and firearm seasons over a lifetime—incur a 1‐in‐20 chance of being injured falling from a deer stand. Our results support agency decisions to require safety education for new hunters. However, increased efforts are needed to get existing hunters to purchase and consistently utilize body harnesses and climbing equipment while using deer stands. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Quantifying Intraoperative Workloads Across the Surgical Team Roles: Room for Better Balance?
Authors: Yu Denny , Lowndes Bethany , Thiels Cornelius , Bingener Juliane , Abdelrahman Amro , Lyons Rebecca , Hallbeck Susan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundSurgical performance, provider health, and patient safety can be compromised when workload demands exceed individual capability on the surgical team. The purpose of this study is to quantify and compare intraoperative workload among surgical team members.MethodsObservations were conducted for an entire surgical day for 33 participating surgeons and their surgical team at one medical institution. Workload (mental, physical, case complexity, distractions, and case difficulty) was measured for each surgical team member using questions from validated questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed with a mixed effects model.ResultsA total of 192 surgical team members participated in 78 operative cases, and 344 questionnaires were collected. Procedures with high surgeon mental and physical workload included endovascular and gastric surgeries, respectively. Ratings did not differ significantly among surgeons and residents, but scrub nurses physical demand ratings were 14–22 (out of 100) points lower than the surgeons, residents, and surgical assistants. Residents reported the highest mental workload, averaging 19–24 points higher than surgical assistants, scrub nurses, and circulating nurses. Mental and physical demands exceeded 50 points 28–45 % of the time for surgeons and residents. Workload did not differ between minimally invasive and open techniques.ConclusionThe workload questionnaires are an effective tool for quantifying intraoperative workload across the surgical team to ensure mental and physical demands do not exceed thresholds where performance may decrease and injury risk increase. This tool has the potential to measure the safety of current procedures and drive design of workload interventions.
The Use of Kits in the Analysis of Tissue Lipids Requires Validation
Authors: Rider T. , LeBoeuf R. C. , Tso Patrick , Jandacek R. J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe ready availability and ease of use of kits for the measurement of serum lipids has greatly facilitated these measurements. In many cases it would be convenient to use these kits in the determination of lipid concentrations in tissues. The successful application of serum kits in tissue analysis requires that two important issues be considered. First, the solvent system for the extraction of the lipids and the solvent used for analysis by the kit must be compatible with the reactions in the kit. Second, the concentration range in the analyzed solution must be within the range for which the kit is used. We report here that lipids in liver and adipose tissues may be significantly underestimated by the use of some kits. We recommend that the use of kits for tissue analysis of lipids be validated for the specific analysis.
13‐Hydroxy‐9Z,15Z‐Octadecadienoic Acid Production by Recombinant Cells Expressing Lactobacillus acidophilus 13‐Hydratase
Authors: Kang Woo‐Ri , Park Chul‐Soon , Shin Kyung‐Chul , Kim Kyoung‐Rok , Oh Deok‐Kun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRecombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing linoleate 13‐hydratase from Lactobacillus acidophilus were permeabilized by treating with 0.2 M NaCl. The optimal conditions for the production of 13‐hydroxy‐9,15(Z,Z)‐octadecadienoic acid (13‐HODE) from α‐linolenic acid by permeabilized recombinant cells were pH 6.0, 40 °C, 7.5 % (v/v) methanol, 60 g/l permeabilized cells, and 15 g/l α‐linolenic acid. Under these conditions, permeabilized cells produced 7.5 g/l 13‐HODE after 6 h, with a conversion yield of 50 % (w/w) and a volumetric productivity of 1.25 g/l/h. These values were 161 and 160 % of those obtained by nonpermeabilized cells, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the process optimization for the biotechnological production of 13‐HODE.
Remarks on the application of two-dimensional shape factors under severe wear conditions
Authors: Pintaude Giuseppe , Coseglio Mario 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The use of two-dimensional shape parameters to characterize abrasive particles is a potential approach to express their angularity. Nevertheless, in sliding abrasion, especially in pin abrasion testing, these descriptors could not be suitable for characterizing severe wear of engineering materials such as steels and cast irons. This work compares the applicability of two-dimensional shape parameters in describing severe wear of metals in recent pin abrasion tests with cases where they could have been correlated with the wear rates. Considering these aspects, this work puts in evidence the importance of clogging occurrence and the coated paper structure for a carefully application of shape parameters. In addition, it is proposed a possible relation between the shape parameters and one of the components of the abrasion factor.
The recovery rate for retail and commercial customers in Germany: a look at collateral and its adjusted market values
Authors: Ingermann Peter-Hendrik , Hesse Frederik , Bélorgey Christian , Pfingsten Andreas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBased on a unique data set of 909 defaulted retail and commercial (self-employed and SMEs) credit customers in Germany, whose original loans were made by 123 different banks, our article confirms a significant positive influence of collateral, and of amicable agreements between the debtor and the bank (redemption), on the recovery rate [1 − loss given default (LGD)]. In a further analysis of collateral, systematic biases between the realized market price and the expected market values of real estate are revealed, even though the appraisal reports should have already considered all factors influencing the value. Using valuations that were adjusted for these recognized biases, we can increase the explanatory power of the underlying models. Moreover, we compare these models to models that apply, as is common practice in the banking industry, flat haircuts to collateral values and show the superior performance of our proposed approach.
CAEP 2015 Academic Symposium: Leadership within the emergency medicine academic community and beyond
Authors: Sinclair Doug , Worthington James R. , Joubert Gary , Holroyd Brian R. , Stempien James , Letovsky Eric , Rutledge Tim , LeBlanc Constance , Pitters Carrol , McCallum Andrew , Carr Brendan , Gerace Rocco , Stiell Ian G. , Artz Jennifer D. , Christenson Jim 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesA panel of emergency medicine (EM) leaders endeavoured to define the key elements of leadership and its models, as well as to formulate consensus recommendations to build and strengthen academic leadership in the Canadian EM community in the areas of mentorship, education, and resources.MethodsThe expert panel comprised EM leaders from across Canada and met regularly by teleconference over the course of 9 months. From the breadth of backgrounds and experience, as well as a literature review and the development of a leadership video series, broad themes for recommendations around the building and strengthening of EM leadership were presented at the CAEP 2015 Academic Symposium held in Edmonton, Alberta. Feedback from the attendees (about 80 emergency physicians interested in leadership) was sought. Subsequently, draft recommendations were developed by the panel through attendee feedback, further review of the leadership video series, and expert opinion. The recommendations were distributed to the CAEP Academic Section for further feedback and updated by consensus of the expert panel.ResultsThe methods informed the panel who framed recommendations around four themes: 1) leadership preparation and training, 2) self-reflection/emotional intelligence, 3) academic leadership skills, and 4) gender balance in academic EM leadership. The recommendations aimed to support and nurture the next generation of academic EM leaders in Canada and included leadership mentors, availability of formal educational courses/programs in leadership, self-directed education of aspiring leaders, creation of a Canadian subgroup with the AACEM/SAEM Chair Development Program, and gender balance in leadership roles.ConclusionsThese recommendations serve as a roadmap for all EM leaders (and aspiring leaders) to build on their success, inspire their colleagues, and foster the next generation of Canadian EM academic leaders.
Addition of a dairy fraction rich in milk fat globule membrane to a high-saturated fat meal reduces the postprandial insulinaemic and inflammatory response in overweight and obese adults
Authors: Demmer Elieke , Van Loan Marta D. , Rivera Nancy , Rogers Tara S. , Gertz Erik R. , German J. Bruce , Smilowitz Jennifer T. , Zivkovic Angela M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMeals high in SFA, particularly palmitate, are associated with postprandial inflammation and insulin resistance. Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has anti-inflammatory properties that may attenuate the negative effects of SFA-rich meals. Our objective was to examine the postprandial metabolic and inflammatory response to a high-fat meal composed of palm oil (PO) compared with PO with an added dairy fraction rich in MFGM (PO+MFGM) in overweight and obese men and women (n 36) in a randomised, double-blinded, cross-over trial. Participants consumed two isoenergetic high-fat meals composed of a smoothie enriched with PO with v. without a cream-derived complex milk lipid fraction ( dairy fraction rich in MFGM) separated by a washout of 1–2 weeks. Serum cytokines, adhesion molecules, cortisol and markers of inflammation were measured at fasting, and at 1, 3 and 6 h postprandially. Glucose, insulin and lipid profiles were analysed in plasma. Consumption of the PO + MFGM v. PO meal resulted in lower total cholesterol (P = 0·021), LDL-cholesterol (P = 0·046), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (P = 0·005) and insulin (P = 0·005) incremental AUC, and increased IL-10 (P = 0·013). Individuals with high baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (≥3 mg/l, n 17) had higher (P = 0·030) insulin at 1 h after the PO meal than individuals with CRP concentrations <3 mg/l (n 19). The addition of MFGM attenuated this difference between CRP groups. The addition of a dairy fraction rich in MFGM attenuated the negative effects of a high-SFA meal by reducing postprandial cholesterol, inflammatory markers and insulin response in overweight and obese individuals, particularly in those with elevated CRP.
Description, measurement and evaluation of tertiary-education food environments
Authors: Roy R. , Hebden L. , Kelly B. , De Gois T. , Ferrone E. M. , Samrout M. , Vermont S. , Allman-Farinelli M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObesity in young adults is an increasing health problem in Australia and many other countries. Evidence-based information is needed to guide interventions that reduce the obesity-promoting elements in tertiary-education environments. In a food environmental audit survey, 252 outlets were audited across seven institutions: three universities and four technical and further education institutions campuses. A scoring instrument called the food environment-quality index was developed and used to assess all food outlets on these campuses. Information was collated on the availability, accessibility and promotion of foods and beverages and a composite score (maximum score=148; higher score indicates healthier outlets) was calculated. Each outlet and the overall campus were ranked into tertiles based on their ‘healthiness’. Differences in median scores for each outcome measure were compared between institutions and outlet types using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Scheffe’s testing, χ2 tests, Kruskal–Wallis H test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Binomial logistic regressions were used to compare the proportion of healthy v. unhealthy food categories across different types of outlets. Overall, the most frequently available items were sugar-sweetened beverages (20 % of all food/drink items) followed by chocolates (12 %), high-energy (>600 kJ/serve) foods (10 %), chips (10 %) and confectionery (10 %). Healthy food and beverages were observed to be less available, accessible and promoted than unhealthy options. The median score across all outlets was 72 (interquartile range=7). Tertiary-education food environments are dominated by high-energy, nutrient-poor foods and beverages. Interventions to decrease availability, accessibility and promotion of unhealthy foods are needed.
Identification of yield limiting phenological phases of oats to improve crop management
Authors: FINNAN J. M. , SPINK J. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYThe optimization of management practices for oats is hindered by a lack of knowledge of the critical phenological phases at which management should be focussed. The objective of the present review was to identify the yield-limiting phases in the growth of the oat crop in order to optimize management and to maximize yield. The methodology employed was to identify characteristics associated with either the pre-anthesis grain number determination phase or with the post-anthesis grain filling phase. Characteristics associated with the pre-anthesis phase were identified as a positive linear relationship between yield and grain number, in addition to insensitivity of grain weight to changes in assimilate supply. Characteristics associated with the post-anthesis grain filling phase were identified as an absence of a relationship between yield and sink size (grain number) and changes in grain weight in response to changes in assimilate supply. Data was taken from published literature. Yields of both winter- and spring-sown hulled oats increased linearly with grain number showing a strong influence of grain number on yield. Grain weight of both winter- and spring-hulled oats, however, decreased with increasing grain number suggesting that competition for assimilates may exist at high grain number. Further evidence of the influence of assimilate supply on grain yield was obtained from several studies which showed that yield increased with leaf area duration as well as from studies where grain weight was found to decrease after reductions in assimilate supply per grain, whereas grain weight increased when assimilate supply to grain was increased. Oat crops also feature a grain abortion mechanism when assimilate supply is constrained. Yield of naked oats increased with grain number before reaching a plateau, a trend which suggests source limitation at high grain numbers. The available evidence suggests that yield is primarily determined by grain number determination but that grain yield is also potentially limited by assimilate availability in the post-anthesis period. It is recommended that crop management strategies for oats should aim both to increase grain number in the pre-anthesis period but also prolong the grain filling period after anthesis. Such a post-anthesis strategy should both reduce the possibility of yield being limited by assimilate availability and compensate for the production of smaller grains at higher grain numbers.
Remains of non-pollen-palynomorphs – tardigrades from Spitsbergen found during pollen analyses
Authors: Jankovská Vlasta , Roszkowska Milena , Kaczmarek Łukasz 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTPollen- and non-pollen-palynomorphs (NPP) analytical studies of the northwestern part of Spitsbergen were conducted between 1988 and 1991. As well as pollen from local native flora and more dispersed species, some well preserved remains of tardigrada exuvia, buccal tubes and eggs were found. This study reviewed the remains of at least six tardigrade taxa reported:Dactylobiotus ambiguous, Paramacrobiotus richtersigroup,Richtersius coronifer, Macrobiotus hufelandigroup,Macrobiotus peterseniandMinibiotuscf.intermedius, which are reassessed and determined more accurately. These findings provide some new insights into the past environmental conditions and changes for Spitsbergen. Based on the present research it can be concluded that tardigrade remains are frequent NPP elements of pollen analyses from lake, peat bogs and detritus sub-fossil sediment cores, at least in polar regions. It can also be stated that tardigrades can be considered indicators in further palaeontological studies helping to reconstruct past environmental conditions (for example humidity) for some regions. However, the knowledge of tardigrades in these types of analyses is still rather poor.
Misspelling “Buddha”: The officially commissioned Tibetan Aparimitāyur-nāma mahāyāna-sūtras from Dunhuang and the study of Old Tibetan orthography
Authors: Dotson Brandon 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDrawing on the archival study of over 1,600 copies of the Tibetan Aparimitāyur-nāma mahāyāna-sūtra (Tib.: Tshe dpag du myed pa'i mdo) produced in Dunhuang from the 820s to the 840s and now kept in the British Library, this article sheds light on the orthographic norms of Middle Old Tibetan writing. Based on editors' corrections, and on a corpus of nearly 200 transcribed explicits, the article compares the orthographic norms of this group of sutras with those of other dated Old Tibetan manuscripts and inscriptions. It proposes that among the most important markers for dating Old Tibetan writing are the increased use in the tenth century of the ’i(s) form of the genitive and ergative particles as a separate syllable, and the relative absence of the tu form of the terminative particle in Middle Old Tibetan writing. Additionally, the study offers suggestions concerning the development of the various forms of Tibetan case particles.
Even “Bigger Gods” developed amongst the pastoralist followers of Moses and Mohammed: Consistent with uncertainty and disadvantage, but not prosocality
Authors: Dutton Edward , Madison Guy 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe gods of monotheistic religions, which began amongst pastoralists and defeated exiles, are closer to Big Gods than those associated with ancient city-based polities. The development of Big Gods is contingent upon a need to reduce uncertainty and negative feelings in combination with a relatively high level of prosociality, rather than a need to induce or assess prosociality.