bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four days of simulated shift work reduces insulin sensitivity in humans
Authors: Bescos R. , Boden M. J. , Jackson M. L. , Trewin A. J. , Marin E. C. , Levinger I. , Garnham A. , Hiam D. S. , Falcao‐Tebas F. , Conte F. , Owens J. A. , Kennaway D. J. , McConell G. K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 4 consecutive simulated night shifts on glucose homeostasis, mitochondrial function and central and peripheral rhythmicities compared with a simulated day shift schedule.MethodsSeventeen healthy adults (8M:9F) matched for sleep, physical activity and dietary/fat intake participated in this study (night shift work n = 9; day shift work n = 8). Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity before and after 4 nights of shift work were measured by an intravenous glucose tolerance test and a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp respectively. Muscles biopsies were obtained to determine insulin signalling and mitochondrial function. Central and peripheral rhythmicities were assessed by measuring salivary melatonin and expression of circadian genes from hair samples respectively.ResultsFasting plasma glucose increased (4.4 ± 0.1 vs. 4.6 ± 0.1 mmol L−1; P = .001) and insulin sensitivity decreased (25 ± 7%, P < .05) following the night shift, with no changes following the day shift. Night shift work had no effect on skeletal muscle protein expression (PGC1α, UCP3, TFAM and mitochondria Complex II‐V) or insulin‐stimulated pAkt Ser473, pTBC1D4Ser318 and pTBC1D4Thr642. Importantly, the metabolic changes after simulated night shifts occurred despite no changes in the timing of melatonin rhythmicity or hair follicle cell clock gene expression across the wake period (Per3, Per1, Nr1d1 and Nr1d2).ConclusionOnly 4 days of simulated night shift work in healthy adults is sufficient to reduce insulin sensitivity which would be expected to increase the risk of T2D.
Microdenervation of the spermatic cord for post‐vasectomy pain syndrome
Authors: Tan Wei Phin , Tsambarlis Peter N. , Levine Laurence A. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcomes of patients who underwent microdenervation of the spermatic cord (MDSC) for post‐vasectomy pain syndrome (PVPS) at our institution.MethodsA retrospective study of all patients who underwent MDSC for PVPS by a single surgeon between March 2002 and October 2016 was performed. Pain was documented using the numerical rating scale (NRS). Spermatic cord block (SCB) was performed on all patients, and success was defined as NRS score ≤1 for >4 h. All patients had failed medical therapy prior to MDSC. All previous procedures for PVPS had been performed elsewhere. Surgical success was defined as a postoperative NRS score of ≤1.ResultsA total of 27 patients with 28 scrotal units underwent MDSC for PVPS. The median (1st quartile; 3rd quartile) follow‐up was 10 (2; 16.5) months. The median (range) duration of pain prior to surgery was 57 (8–468) months. Pain was bilateral in 14 (52%), left‐sided in eight (30%) and right‐sided in five patients (19%). Data on SCB were available for 23 patients, with a success rate of 96%. The median (range) preoperative pain NRS score was 7 (2–10). The median (range) pain score after SCB on the NRS scale was 0 (0–5). The median (range) postoperative pain score on the NRS was 0 (0–9). Overall success was achieved in 20 of 28 testicular units (71%). Patients with involvement of multiple structures in the scrotum (i.e. testis, epididymis, spermatic cord) had a success rate of 81% and were more likely to have a successful surgery (P < 0.001). Five patients had failed a prior epididymectomy and three had failed a vaso‐vasostomy for PVPS; this had no correlation with the success of MDSC (P = 0.89).ConclusionThe MDSC procedure is a reasonably successful, durable and valuable approach for PVPS, especially when pain involves multiple structures in the scrotum (testis, epididymis, spermatic cord). MDSC was equally efficacious in patients who had previously failed a procedure for PVPS. No patient had a worsening NRS score after MDSC. This is the largest study to date evaluating MDSC for the treatment of PVPS.
Nuclear and membrane estrogen receptor antagonists induce similar mTORC2 activation‐reversible changes in synaptic protein expression and actin polymerization in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Xing Fang‐Zhou , Zhao Yan‐Gang , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , He Li , Zhao Ji‐Kai , Liu Meng‐Ying , Liu Yan , Zhang Ji‐Qiang 
Published: January 2018

SummaryAimsEstrogens play pivotal roles in hippocampal synaptic plasticity through nuclear receptors (nERs; including ERα and ERβ) and the membrane receptor (mER; also called GPR30), but the underlying mechanism and the contributions of nERs and mER remain unclear. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is involved in actin cytoskeleton polymerization and long‐term memory, but whether mTORC2 is involved in the regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by ERs is unclear.MethodsWe treated animals with nER antagonists (MPP/PHTPP) or the mER antagonist (G15) alone or in combination with A‐443654, an activator of mTORC2. Then, we examined the changes in hippocampal SRC‐1 expression, mTORC2 signaling (rictor and phospho‐AKTSer473), actin polymerization (phospho‐cofilin and profilin‐1), synaptic protein expression (GluR1, PSD95, spinophilin, and synaptophysin), CA1 spine density, and synapse density.ResultsAll of the examined parameters except synaptophysin expression were significantly decreased by MPP/PHTPP and G15 treatment. MPP/PHTPP and G15 induced a similar decrease in most parameters except p‐cofilin, GluR1, and spinophilin expression. The ER antagonist‐induced decreases in these parameters were significantly reversed by mTORC2 activation, except for the change in SRC‐1, rictor, and synaptophysin expression.ConclusionsnERs and mER contribute similarly to the changes in proteins and structures associated with synaptic plasticity, and mTORC2 may be a novel target of hippocampal‐dependent dementia such as Alzheimer's disease as proposed by previous studies.
Effects of uncertainty and variability on population declines and IUCN Red List classifications
Authors: Rueda‐Cediel Pamela , Anderson Kurt E. , Regan Tracey J. , Regan Helen M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria is a quantitative framework for classifying species according to extinction risk. Population models may be used to estimate extinction risk or population declines. Uncertainty and variability arise in threat classifications through measurement and process error in empirical data and uncertainty in the models used to estimate extinction risk and population declines. Furthermore, species traits are known to affect extinction risk. We investigated the effects of measurement and process error, model type, population growth rate, and age at first reproduction on the reliability of risk classifications based on projected population declines on IUCN Red List classifications. We used an age‐structured population model to simulate true population trajectories with different growth rates, reproductive ages and levels of variation, and subjected them to measurement error. We evaluated the ability of scalar and matrix models parameterized with these simulated time series to accurately capture the IUCN Red List classification generated with true population declines. Under all levels of measurement error tested and low process error, classifications were reasonably accurate; scalar and matrix models yielded roughly the same rate of misclassifications, but the distribution of errors differed; matrix models led to greater overestimation of extinction risk than underestimations; process error tended to contribute to misclassifications to a greater extent than measurement error; and more misclassifications occurred for fast, rather than slow, life histories. These results indicate that classifications of highly threatened taxa (i.e., taxa with low growth rates) under criterion A are more likely to be reliable than for less threatened taxa when assessed with population models. Greater scrutiny needs to be placed on data used to parameterize population models for species with high growth rates, particularly when available evidence indicates a potential transition to higher risk categories.
Death and the Self
Authors: Nichols Shaun , Strohminger Nina , Rai Arun , Garfield Jay 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt is an old philosophical idea that if the future self is literally different from the current self, one should be less concerned with the death of the future self (Parfit, ). This paper examines the relation between attitudes about death and the self among Hindus, Westerners, and three Buddhist populations (Lay Tibetan, Lay Bhutanese, and monastic Tibetans). Compared with other groups, monastic Tibetans gave particularly strong denials of the continuity of self, across several measures. We predicted that the denial of self would be associated with a lower fear of death and greater generosity toward others. To our surprise, we found the opposite. Monastic Tibetan Buddhists showed significantly greater fear of death than any other group. The monastics were also less generous than any other group about the prospect of giving up a slightly longer life in order to extend the life of another.
Clinical and imaging spectrum of tuberculosis‐associated fibrosing mediastinitis
Authors: Liu Tongxi , Gao Li , Xie Sheng , Sun Hongliang , Liu Min , Zhai Zhenguo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeFibrosing mediastinitis (FM) is a rare disorder characterized by an excessive fibrotic reaction within the mediastinum, which can result in compression of mediastinal structures. To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of TB‐associated FM, patients with evidence of TB infection were retrospectively evaluated in this study.Materials and MethodsA total of 33 patients with clinically diagnosed FM and evidence of TB infection were selected from the database of two institutional medical centers. Medical records were reviewed to evaluate the clinical disease spectrum, responses to therapy and imaging characteristics.ResultsTB‐associated FM showed distinctive infiltrative pattern on chest CT, such as bilateral involvement and hilar predominance. The majority of patients presented with nonspecific respiratory symptoms due to the compression of mediastinal broncho‐vascular structures. Echocardiography discovered pulmonary hypertension to various degrees in 60% of patients. Although only a part of patients responded to medical therapy, they seldom showed deterioration during the follow‐up.ConclusionsTB‐associated FM shows some specific imaging characteristics, reflecting immune‐mediated fibrotic reaction secondary to TB infection. The insidious progression to mediastinal fibrosis after TB infection poses a challenge to the early diagnosis and results in subsequent respiratory dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension.
Continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with Type 1 diabetes: benefits for mothers, using pumps or pens, and their babies
Authors: Feig D. S. , Murphy H. R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimsTo review the current literature on the use of continuous glucose monitoring during pregnancy in women with Type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe searched the literature for randomized controlled trials using continuous glucose monitoring during pregnancy in women with Type 1 diabetes.ResultsThree randomized trials were found and discussed in this review. One UK study found a reduction in large‐for‐gestational‐age infants; however, only masked continuous glucose monitoring was used in that study. A Danish study used intermittent real‐time continuous glucose monitoring and found no differences. The present authors conducted the CONCEPTT trial, in which pregnant women and women planning pregnancy were randomized to receive continuous glucose monitoring or standard care. We found a greater drop in HbA1c, more time spent in the target range, and a reduction in some adverse neonatal outcomes in women using continuous glucose monitoring. Numbers‐needed‐to‐treat to prevent a large‐for‐gestational‐age infant, a neonatal intensive care unit admission for >24 h, and a neonatal hypoglycaemia event were low. These findings were seen in both injection and pump users and across all countries. Possible reasons for differences in study findings are discussed. In addition, several issues need further study. Glycaemic variability and differences in dietary intake may also have played a role. Despite excellent glycaemic control, babies continue to be large. More research is needed to understand the role of glucose targets and the dynamic placental processes involved in fetal growth.ConclusionsThe use of continuous glucose monitoring in women with Type 1 diabetes in pregnancy is associated with improved glycaemic control and neonatal outcomes. Further research examining the glycaemic and non‐glycaemic variables involved in fetal growth and the cost–benefit of using continuous glucose monitoring in pregnancy is warranted.
Diabetes and technology in 2030: a utopian or dystopian future?
Authors: Kerr D. , Axelrod C. , Hoppe C. , Klonoff D. C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe ability of an individual living with diabetes to have human‐to‐human contact with their healthcare provider is not keeping pace with the number of people developing diabetes. From a futurist perspective, however, this dichotomy of diabetes care represents an opportunity for digital healthcare. The focus of technological innovation is unlikely to be the replacement of the multidisciplinary diabetes team but rather the provision of meaningful individual and family support between clinic visits and, on a larger scale, the facilitation of population health management for diabetes. We can also expect to see new therapies, including implantable drug delivery systems, automated closed‐loop systems and miniaturized non‐invasive glucose monitoring systems. New digital health technologies will create a ‘digital diabetes ecosystem’ to enhance rather than devolve care from humans. Concerns related to data privacy and ownership will inevitably rise, thus a future for diabetes care relying heavily on technology is not inevitably utopian. Nevertheless, revolutions in the development of novel sensors, accumulation of ‘big data’, and use of artificial intelligence will provide exciting opportunities for preventing, monitoring and treating diabetes in the near future.
Dichotomy of development aid’s ambition and neoliberal imperatives: A case‐study of private‐sector development in Bangladesh
Authors: Husain Matt 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDevelopment in the twenty‐first century (“neo‐liberalism”) is a tool and its success and sustainability depend on how this tool is applied on a specific grounded reality. This article investigates how this modernization process continually co‐creates globalized Bangladesh through private sector development. While this field report highlights the challenges development aid donors can face in Bangladesh’s post‐colonial culture, it also unveils the dichotomous traction between globalization and inequality as well as the friction poverty reduction, through private sector development, can generate in impoverished countries. Finally, this report attempts to reconsider the ways in which the aid development ambitions of equality and liberty can find a workable balance with the neo‐liberal Imperative for private sector development. This article calls for improving quality control to generate greater impact of development aid resources in developing private sectors.
Ultrasonographic‐based predictive factors influencing successful return to racing after superficial digital flexor tendon injuries in flat racehorses: A retrospective cohort study in 469 Thoroughbred racehorses in Hong Kong
Authors: Alzola R. , Easter C. , Riggs C. M. , Gardner D. S. , Freeman S. L. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundSuperficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) injury is an important health and welfare concern in racehorses. It is generally diagnosed with ultrasonography, but predictive ultrasonographic features have not been reported.ObjectivesTo determine ultrasonographic features of forelimb SDFT injury at initial presentation in Thoroughbred racehorses that could predict a successful return to racing (completing ≥5 races).Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsDigitised ultrasonographic images of 469 horses with forelimb SDFT injuries from the Hong Kong Jockey Club (2003–2014) were evaluated, using a previously validated ultrasonographic scoring system. Six ultrasonographic parameters were evaluated (type and extent of the injury, location, echogenicity, cross‐sectional area and longitudinal fibre pattern of the maximal injury zone [MIZ]), as well as horse signalment, retirement date and number of races before and after injury. Data were analysed by generalised linear regression with significance at P<0.05.ResultsCases were divided into two groups: 1) For cases of SDFT tendonitis with core lesions, cross‐sectional area at the MIZ was the most significant factor determining a successful return to racing (P = 0.03). If the lesion was <50% of the total cross‐sectional area, horses had 29–35% probability of successfully racing again, but if it was ≥50% this decreased to 11–16%. 2) For cases of SDFT tendonitis without a core lesion, longitudinal fibre pattern at the MIZ best predicted a successful return to racing (P = 0.002); if the affected longitudinal fibre pattern was <75% of the total, horses had 49–99% probability of successfully return to racing, but if it was ≥75% this decreased to 14%.Main limitationsPrognostic information may not be applicable to other breeds/disciplines.ConclusionsThis is the first study to describe ultrasonographic features of forelimb SDFT injuries at initial presentation that were predictive of successful return to racing. The outcomes will assist with early, evidence‐based decisions on prognosis in Thoroughbred racehorses.
An integrative review exploring the physical and psychological harm inherent in using restraint in mental health inpatient settings
Authors: Cusack Pauline , Cusack Frank Patrick , McAndrew Sue , McKeown Mick , Duxbury Joy 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn Western society, policy and legislation seeks to minimize restrictive interventions, including physical restraint; yet research suggests the use of such practices continues to raise concerns. Whilst international agreement has sought to define physical restraint, diversity in the way in which countries use restraint remains disparate. Research to date has reported on statistics regarding restraint, how and why it is used, and staff and service user perspectives about its use. However, there is limited evidence directly exploring the physical and psychological harm restraint may cause to people being cared for within mental health inpatient settings. This study reports on an integrative review of the literature exploring available evidence regarding the physical and psychological impact of restraint. The review included both experimental and nonexperimental research papers, using Cooper's (1998) five‐stage approach to synthesize the findings. Eight themes emerged: Trauma/retraumatization; Distress; Fear; Feeling ignored; Control; Power; Calm; and Dehumanizing conditions. In conclusion, whilst further research is required regarding the physical and psychological implications of physical restraint in mental health settings, mental health nurses are in a prime position to use their skills and knowledge to address the issues identified to eradicate the use of restraint and better meet the needs of those experiencing mental illness.
Estimation of the radiation dose for pediatric CBCT indications: a prospective study on ProMax3D
Authors: Marcu Maria , Hedesiu Mihaela , Salmon Benjamin , Pauwels Ruben , Stratis Andreas , Oenning Anne Caroline Costa , Cohen Mike E. , Jacobs Reinhilde , Baciut Mihaela , Roman Raluca , Dinu Cristian , Rotaru Horatiu , Barbur Ioan ,   DIMITRA Research Group
Published: January 2018

BackgroundAn increasing number of CBCT units and a wide variability of radiation doses have been reported in dentistry lately.AimTo estimate the effective, cumulative, and organ absorbed doses in children exposed to CBCT over 2 years.DesignA prospective study was conducted in children who underwent CBCT diagnostic imaging with the ProMax3D machine. Organ and effective doses were calculated by Monte Carlo simulation using 5‐ and 8‐year‐old pediatric voxel phantoms. Extrapolation procedures were applied to estimate doses for other ages and CBCT protocols used in clinical conditions.ResultsThe median effective dose was 137.9 μSv, and the median cumulative dose was 231.4 μSv. Statistically significant differences in the effective doses and cumulative doses were found for various indications of CBCT in children (P < 0.001). The median absorbed organ dose for brain and thyroid was significantly higher for the clinical condition that required large FOVs (2.5 mGy and 1.05 mGy, respectively) compared to medium (0.19 and 0.51 mGy) and small FOVs (0.07 and 0.24 mGy; P < 0.05). The radiation dose of salivary glands did not vary significantly with FOV.ConclusionThe results revealed the variation of CBCT doses and the influence of FOV size in pediatric exposure.
Role of oxygen vacancies in long persistent phosphor Ca2Ga2GeO7: Zn2+
Authors: Zhou Junhe , Long Zhangwen , Wang Qi , Zhou Dacheng , Qiu Jianbei , Xu Xuhui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractActing as the electron trap, oxygen vacancies can strongly influence the long persistent luminescence (LPL) properties were verified in Ca2Ga2GeO7: Zn2+ (CGGZ) phosphor. The existence of oxygen vacancies in this self‐excitation material was confirmed by a simple fluorescence probe method. The introduction of zinc ions promotes the generation of oxygen vacancies, as well as optimizes its LPL properties. Thermoluminescence (TL) analysis revealed that electrons in deep trap will effectively transfer to the shallow one via the bridge of interstitial zinc. Accordingly, a mechanism for PL and LPL in this Gallogermanates was provided.
Structural phase transition and electrical properties of Sr2+ substituted porous PMN‐PZT ceramics
Authors: Liu Wei , Lv Lin , Wang Yanzhong , Xue Chaorui , Dong Yingge , Wang Jianhong , Yang Jinlong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this study, Sr2+ modified porous PMN‐PZT ceramics with one‐dimensional pore channels were produced by the ionotropic gelation process of alginate/PMN‐PZT suspensions. The ion‐exchange method was employed during the fabrication procedure to adjust the content of SrO addition. With the SrO addition increasing from 1.653 wt.% to 2.957 wt.%, the structural phase of porous PMN‐PZT ceramics transformed from rhombohedral (R) to tetragonal (T) perovskite phase. Accordingly, the electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt) value of porous PMN‐PZT ceramics decreased from 64.7% to 58.7%, while the hydrostatic figure of merit (HFOM) value increased from 1510 to 5547 × 10−15 m2/N, and acoustic impedance Z value ranged from 4.59 to 7.55 MRayls, which helped for applications in underwater transducers or hydrophones.