bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic architecture and socio-environmental risk factors for major depressive disorder in Nepal
Authors: Choi Karmel W. , Tubbs Justin D. , Lee Younga H. , He Yixuan , Tsuo Kristin , Yohannes Mary T. , Nkambule Lethukuthula L. , Madsen Emily , Ghimire Dirgha J. , Hermosilla Sabrina , Ge Tian , Martin Alicia R. , Axinn William G. , Smoller Jordan W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability globally, with moderate heritability and well-established socio-environmental risk factors. Genetic studies have been mostly restricted to European settings, with polygenic scores (PGS) demonstrating low portability across diverse global populations.MethodsThis study examines genetic architecture, polygenic prediction, and socio-environmental correlates of MDD in a family-based sample of 10 032 individuals from Nepal with array genotyping data. We used genome-based restricted maximum likelihood to estimate heritability, applied S-LDXR to estimate the cross-ancestry genetic correlation between Nepalese and European samples, and modeled PGS trained on a GWAS meta-analysis of European and East Asian ancestry samples.ResultsWe estimated the narrow-sense heritability of lifetime MDD in Nepal to be 0.26 (95% CI 0.18–0.34, p = 8.5 × 10−6). Our analysis was underpowered to estimate the cross-ancestry genetic correlation (rg = 0.26, 95% CI −0.29 to 0.81). MDD risk was associated with higher age (beta = 0.071, 95% CI 0.06–0.08), female sex (beta = 0.160, 95% CI 0.15–0.17), and childhood exposure to potentially traumatic events (beta = 0.050, 95% CI 0.03–0.07), while neither the depression PGS (beta = 0.004, 95% CI −0.004 to 0.01) or its interaction with childhood trauma (beta = 0.007, 95% CI −0.01 to 0.03) were strongly associated with MDD.ConclusionsEstimates of lifetime MDD heritability in this Nepalese sample were similar to previous European ancestry samples, but PGS trained on European data did not predict MDD in this sample. This may be due to differences in ancestry-linked causal variants, differences in depression phenotyping between the training and target data, or setting-specific environmental factors that modulate genetic effects. Additional research among under-represented global populations will ensure equitable translation of genomic findings.
Interprofessional Ethics Simulations and Debriefing to Develop Collaborative Skills
Authors: Haddad Amy , Begley Kimberley , Ryan Haddad Ann 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Interprofessional Education Collaborative’s (IPEC’s) core competencies are accreditation standards of most, if not all, healthcare professions (Interprofessional Education Collaborative Expert Panel [2016, Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice: 2016 Update. Washington, DC: IPEC]). Limited literature exists on interprofessional (IP) learning outcomes in healthcare ethics; even fewer studies include debrief sessions. Interprofessional education (IPE) case discussion using web-based technology is a promising way to incorporate ethics content. This article summarizes a model for healthcare programs to create, conduct, and assess synchronous IPE ethics discussions and debrief sessions. Specifically, this article highlights debrief sessions that followed a standardized patient (SP) IP interaction with students from pharmacy and advanced practice nursing. Qualitative analysis of debrief comments identified four themes: the benefit of IP collaboration, the importance of patient-centered care, the need to adapt clinical recommendations with ethical challenges, and the importance of trust among team members. The findings indicate web-based, synchronous IP/SP ethics simulations and debrief sessions are an effective, albeit laborious, method for collaboration and reflection.
Scaling up healthy eating in early childhood education and care: evaluation of the Appetite to Play capacity-building intervention
Authors: Buckler E Jean , Hassani Kasra , McConnell-Nzunga Jennifer , Fakih Sana , Scarr Jennifer , Mâsse Louise C , Naylor Patti-Jean 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to examine the dissemination of the healthy eating component of Appetite to Play at scale using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework.

Design:
The Appetite to Play capacity-building intervention is a set of evidence-informed implementation strategies aimed at enhancing the adoption of recommended practices for promoting healthy eating and active play in early years settings. The evaluation was pragmatic, employing both quantitative (surveys) and qualitative (interviews) data collection.

Setting:
The Appetite to Play intervention was delivered through in-person community-based workshops, virtual workshops, asynchronous e-learning and online resources.

Participants:
We received completed surveys from 1670 in-person workshop participants (96 % female), and twenty-three (all female) survey respondents also participated in a telephone interview. Approximately two-thirds of all participant groups were certified early childhood educators.

Results:
Results indicated that Appetite to Play had high reach (25 867 individual website visits, 195 workshops delivered), effectiveness (significant increases in care provider’s knowledge, confidence (P < 0·05) and high post-intervention intention to implement), adoption (11 % of educators in BC trained) and implementation (good alignment with implementation strategies and current practices), with a significant maintenance plan to support the intervention’s future success.

Conclusions:
An evidence-based capacity-building intervention with an emphasis on training and provision of practical online resources can improve early years providers’ knowledge, confidence and intention to implement recommended practices that promote healthy eating. Further research is needed to determine the impact on child-level outcomes and how parents can be supported in contributing to positive food environments.
Twenty-four hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion in adult population of Slovenia: results of the Manjsoli.si/2022 study
Authors: Kugler Saša , Blaznik Urška , Rehberger Maruša , Zaletel Metka , Korošec Aleš , Somrak Matej , Oblak Adrijana , Pravst Igor , Hribar Maša , Kušar Anita , Brguljan-Hitij Jana , Gaberšček Simona , Zaletel Katja , Eržen Ivan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The objective of study was to assess 24-h urinary Na and K excretion and estimate the average salt and K intakes in a nationally representative sample of the adult population of Slovenia.

Design:
A nationally representative cross-sectional study was conducted in four stages between September and November 2022: study questionnaire, physical measurements, 24-h urine collection and laboratory analysis.

Setting:
Slovenia.

Participants:
We invited 2000 adult, non-institutionalised inhabitants of Slovenia, aged between 25 and 64 years. A stratified two-staged sample was selected from this population by the Statistical Office of Slovenia, using sampling from the Central Population Register. According to the WHO methodology, additional eligibility criteria were screened before participating. A total of 518 individuals participated in all four stages of the study, resulting in a response rate of 30 %.

Results:
The mean 24-h urinary Na excretion was 168 mmol/d (95 % CI 156, 180), which corresponds to a mean estimated intake of 10·3 g salt/d (95 % CI 9·6, 11·1). Mean 24-h urinary K excretion was 65·4 mmol/d (95 % CI 63·2, 67·5), and the estimated mean K intake was 2·93 g/d (95 % CI 2·84, 3·03). There were statistically significant differences in mean intakes between males and females. The mean sodium-to-potassium ratio was 2·7 (95 % CI 2·5, 2·8).

Conclusions:
The study results highlighted that the salt intake in the adult population of Slovenia remains much higher than recommended by the WHO, and K intakes are insufficient, as most participants did not meet the recommendations.
General practitioner and nurse experiences of type 2 diabetes management and prescribing in primary care: a qualitative review following the introduction of funded SGLT2i/GLP1RA medications in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Norman Kimberley , Mustafa Sara Tareq , Cassim Shemana , Mullins Hilde , Clark Penny , Keenan Rawiri , Te Karu Leanne , Murphy Rinki , Paul Ryan , Kenealy Tim , Chepulis Lynne 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To explore the views of general practitioners (GPs) and nurses on type 2 diabetes (T2D) management, including the use of recently funded T2D medications in New Zealand (NZ) and their perceived barriers to providing optimal care.

Background:
T2D is a significant health concern in NZ, particularly among Māori and Pacific adults. Characterised by prolonged hyperglycaemia, T2D is generally a progressive condition requiring long-term care.

Methods:
Semi-structured interviews were conducted between July and December 2022 with 21 primary care clinicians (10 GPs and 11 nurses/nurse prescribers) from nine different general practice clinics across the Auckland and Waikato regions of NZ. Framework analysis was conducted to identify common themes in clinicians’ perceptions and experiences with T2D management.

Findings:
Three themes were identified: health-system factors, new medications, and solution-based approaches. Lack of clinician time, healthcare funding, staff shortages, and burn-out were identified as barriers to T2D management under health-system factors. The two newly funded medications, empagliflozin and dulaglutide, were deemed to be a positive change for T2D care in that they improved patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes, but several clinicians were hesitant to prescribe these medications. Participants suggested that additional education and specialist diabetes support would be helpful to inform optimal medication prescribing and that better use of a multi-disciplinary team (clinical and support staff) could support T2D care by reducing workload, addressing cultural gaps in healthcare delivery, and reducing burnout. An improved primary care work environment, including appropriate professional development to support prescribing of new medications and the value of collaboration with a non-regulated workforce, may be required to facilitate optimal T2D management in primary care. Future research should focus on interventions to increase support for both clinical teams and patients while adopting a culturally appropriate approach to increase patient satisfaction and improve health outcomes.
Psychological Impact of the Volcanic Eruption in La Palma Spanish Island: Predictors of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Well-being
Authors: Cruz Manzano Cristina , Nieto Romero Inés , González-Sanguino Clara , Marín Martín Carolina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Natural disasters, such as the eruption of the “Tajogaite” volcano on the Spanish island of La Palma, might have a high impact on the mental health of those who experience them. This study aims to evaluate the mental state of La Palma’s population on the acute phase of the event as well as two and seven months later. The main hypothesis was that levels of anxiety will decrease in time, while depression and perceived stress levels will remain stable. Levels of depression, anxiety, perceived stress and psychological well-being were measured, as well as their relationship and certain demographic variables such as age, gender and residential situation. Results showed that anxiety and perceived stress significantly decreased with time, but depression and well-being remained stable. Moreover, higher levels of depression could be partly explained by higher anxiety and perceived stress, previous pharmacological treatment, and lower levels of well-being. Also, being a woman, higher levels of perceived stress, living in a region affected by the eruption, and previous pharmacological treatment significantly predicted higher anxiety; being a woman, higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of well-being significantly predicted higher perceived stress. Finally, higher levels of well-being could be partly explained by lower levels of depression and perceived stress, and not living alone. This study was able to identify particularly vulnerable groups during natural disasters, such as the eruption of a volcano. This is important to provide early psychological care to those who need it in these situations.
A Monte Carlo Propagation of the Full Variance‐Covariance of GRACE‐Like Level‐2 Data With Applications in Hydrological Data Assimilation and Sea‐Level Budget Studies
Authors: Yang Fan , Forootan Ehsan , Liu Shuhao , Schumacher Maike 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding mass (re‐)distribution within the Earth system, and addressing global challenges such as the impact of climate change on water resources requires global time‐variable terrestrial water storage (TWS) estimates along with reasonable uncertainty fields. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE‐FO satellite missions provide time‐variable gravity fields with full variance‐covariance information. A rigorous uncertainty propagation of these errors to TWS uncertainties is mathematically challenging and computationally inefficient. We propose a Monte Carlo Full Variance‐Covariance (MCFVC) error propagation approach to precisely compute TWS uncertainties. We also establish theoretical criteria to predict the actual convergence and accuracy of MCFVC, showing a convergence after 10,000 realizations with the relative error of 2.8% for variance and 4.7% for covariance at the confidence level of 95%. This can be achieved in few seconds using a single CPU to compute the uncertainties of each 1° resolution globally gridded TWS field. A validation against the rigorous error propagation method indicates relative differences of less than 0.8%. A global uncertainty assessment shows that neglecting the covariance of gravity coefficients can considerably bias the TWS uncertainties, that is, up to 60%, in some basins like Eyre. Flexibility of MCFVC allows the quantification of filtering impacts on the uncertainty of TWS fields, for example, up to 35% in the Tocantins River Basin. An empirical model is provided to reproduce GRACE‐like TWS uncertainty fields for hydrological studies. Finally, experiments of GRACE(‐FO) data assimilation for hydrological applications and sea‐level budget estimation are presented that indicate the importance of accounting for the full covariance information in these studies.
On the Association of Substorm Identification Methods
Authors: Lao C. J. , Forsyth C. , Freeman M. P. , Smith A. W. , Mooney M. K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSubstorms are a rapid release of energy that is redistributed throughout the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system, resulting in many observable signals, such as enhancements in the aurora, energetic particle injections, and ground magnetic field perturbations. Numerous substorm identification techniques and onset lists based on each of these signals have been provided in the literature, but often with no cross‐calibration. Since the signals produced are not necessarily unique to substorms and may not be sufficiently similar to be identified for each and every substorm, individual event lists may miss or misidentify substorms, hindering our understanding and the development and validation of substorm models. To gauge the scale of this problem, we use metrics derived from contingency tables to quantify the association between lists of substorms derived from SuperMAG SML/SMU indices, midlatitude magnetometer data, particle injections, and auroral enhancements. Overall, although some degree of pairwise association is found between the lists, even lists generated by applying conceptually similar gradient‐based identification to ground magnetometer data achieve an association with less than 50% event coincidence. We discuss possible explanations of the levels of association seen from our results, as well as their implications for substorm analyses.
Image‐Based Retrieval of All‐Day Cloud Physical Parameters for FY4A/AGRI and Its Application Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhao Zhijun , Zhang Feng , Li Wenwen , Li Jingwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSatellite remote sensing serves as a crucial means to acquire cloud physical parameters. However, existing official cloud products from the advanced geostationary radiation imager (AGRI) onboard the Fengyun‐4A geostationary satellite lack spatiotemporal continuity and important micro‐physical properties. In this study, an image‐based transfer learning ResUnet (TL‐ResUnet) model was applied to realize all‐day and high‐precision retrieval of cloud physical parameters from AGRI thermal infrared measurements. Combining the observation advantages of geostationary and polar‐orbiting satellites, the TL‐ResUnet model was pre‐trained with official cloud products from advanced Himawari imager (AHI) and transfer‐trained with official cloud products from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), respectively. For comparison, a pixel‐based transfer learning random forest (TL‐RF) model was trained using the equally distributed data sets. Taking MODIS official products as the benchmarks, the TL‐ResUnet model achieved an overall accuracy of 79.82% for identifying cloud phase and root mean squared errors of 1.99 km, 7.11 μm, and 12.87 for estimating cloud top height, cloud effective radius, and cloud optical thickness, outperforming the precision of AGRI and AHI official products. Compared to the TL‐RF model, the TL‐ResUnet model utilized the spatial information of clouds to significantly improve the retrieval performance and achieve more than a 6‐fold increase in speed for single full‐disk retrieval. Moreover, AGRI TL‐ResUnet products with spatiotemporal continuity and high precision were used to accurately describe the spatial distribution characteristics of cloud fractions and cloud properties over the Tibetan Plateau, and provide the diurnal variation of cloud cover and cloud properties across different seasons for the first time.
Reduced productivity and carbon drawdown of tropical forests from ground-level ozone exposure
Authors: Cheesman Alexander W. , Brown Flossie , Artaxo Paulo , Farha Mst Nahid , Folberth Gerd A. , Hayes Felicity J. , Heinrich Viola H. A. , Hill Timothy C. , Mercado Lina M. , Oliver Rebecca J. , O’ Sullivan Michael , Uddling Johan , Cernusak Lucas A. , Sitch Stephen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElevated ground-level ozone, a result of human activity, is known to reduce plant productivity, but its influence on tropical forests remains unclear. Here we estimate how increased ozone exposure has affected tropical-forest productivity and the global carbon cycle. We experimentally measure the ozone susceptibility of various tropical tree species, and then incorporate these data into a dynamic global vegetation model. We find that current anthropogenic-derived ozone results in a substantial decline in annual net primary productivity (NPP) across all tropical forests, with some areas being particularly impacted. For example, Asia sees losses of 10.9% (7.2–19.7%) NPP. We calculate that this productivity decline has resulted in a cumulative loss in carbon drawdown of 0.29 PgC per year since 2000, equating to ~17% of the tropical contemporary annual land carbon sink in the twenty-first century. We also find that areas of current and future forest restoration are disproportionately affected by elevated ozone. Future socioeconomic pathways that reduce ozone formation in the tropics will incur benefits to the global carbon budget by relieving the current ozone impacts seen across both intact forest and areas of forest restoration, which are critical terrestrial regions for mitigation of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Probing inhomogeneous cuprate superconductivity by terahertz Josephson echo spectroscopy
Authors: Liu A. , Pavićević D. , Michael M. H. , Salvador A. G. , Dolgirev P. E. , Fechner M. , Disa A. S. , M. Lozano P. , Li Q. , Gu G. D. , Demler E. , Cavalleri A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInhomogeneities crucially influence the properties of quantum materials, yet methods that can measure them remain limited and can access only a fraction of relevant observables. For example, local probes such as scanning tunnelling microscopy have documented that the electronic properties of cuprate superconductors are inhomogeneous over nanometre length scales. However, complementary techniques that can resolve higher-order correlations are needed to elucidate the nature of these inhomogeneities. Furthermore, local tunnelling probes are often effective only far below the critical temperature. Here we develop a two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy method to measure Josephson plasmon echoes from an interlayer superconducting tunnelling resonance in a near-optimally doped cuprate. The technique allows us to study the multidimensional optical response of the interlayer Josephson coupling in the material and disentangle intrinsic lifetime broadening from extrinsic inhomogeneous broadening for interlayer superconducting tunnelling. We find that inhomogeneous broadening persists up to a substantial fraction of the critical temperature, above which this is overcome by the thermally increased lifetime broadening.
Widespread position-dependent transcriptional regulatory sequences in plants
Authors: Voichek Yoav , Hristova Gabriela , Mollá-Morales Almudena , Weigel Detlef , Nordborg Magnus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMuch of what we know about eukaryotic transcription stems from animals and yeast; however, plants evolved separately for over a billion years, leaving ample time for divergence in transcriptional regulation. Here we set out to elucidate fundamental properties of cis-regulatory sequences in plants. Using massively parallel reporter assays across four plant species, we demonstrate the central role of sequences downstream of the transcription start site (TSS) in transcriptional regulation. Unlike animal enhancers that are position independent, plant regulatory elements depend on their position, as altering their location relative to the TSS significantly affects transcription. We highlight the importance of the region downstream of the TSS in regulating transcription by identifying a DNA motif that is conserved across vascular plants and is sufficient to enhance gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. The identification of a large number of position-dependent enhancers points to fundamental differences in gene regulation between plants and animals.