bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How is Digital Health Intervention Co-design Conducted and Described? An Umbrella Review
Authors: Whelan Pauline , Kilfoy Alicia , Hsu Ting-Chen Chloe , Stockton-Powdrell Charlotte , Chu Charlene , Jibb Lindsay 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Co-design has been suggested to improve intervention effectiveness and sustainability. However, digital health intervention co-design is inconsistently reported. This umbrella review aims to synthesize what is known about co-design of digital health interventions. We searched five databases from inception. Reviews which reported on co-design methodologies used in digital health were eligible. Information on review type, health conditions, and reported specifics of co-design were extracted and synthesized narratively. Methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool. We included 21 reviews published between 2015 and 2023. Co-design participants included patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals. The frequency and breadth of participant involvement in co-design activities were reported in less than half of reviews. Participants evaluated intervention co-design as a positive process. All reviews were rated as critically low quality. This umbrella review highlights the inconsistent reporting of co-design in digital health. Here, we emphasize the importance of creating guidelines to direct co-design activities.
Involving Young People in research investigating comorbidity associated with childhood-onset rheumatic disease: Perspectives of a series of focus groups
Authors: Siddiq Sab , Ainsworth Jenny S. , Pain Clare E. , M.D. Eve , Zhao Sizheng Steven , Hughes David M. , McCann Liza J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background Childhood-onset rheumatic diseases, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, juvenile-onset lupus and juvenile dermatomyositis, appear to be associated with an increased risk of comorbidities in adulthood compared to the general population. For the first stage of a research project evaluating this topic, we wanted to capture views from young people with juvenile-onset rheumatic disease to ensure that further work was relevant to their lived experience and priorities. This study aimed to determine (i) which comorbidities young people identify as important, (ii) how they access information about their disease, including comorbidity risk, whether (iii) they would like to hear about the risk of comorbidities whilst they are under paediatric care and (iv) would be motivated to make lifestyle choices to decrease the risk of potential comorbidities.Methods A topic guide based on the proposed study aims was developed, and PowerPoint slides were prepared to facilitate three focus group discussions to gain insights from young people. Focus groups were conducted via video platform, and the views of young people were assimilated using notetaking and an online interactive polling tool.Results A total of 18 young people between 10 and 27 years of age participated in the focus groups. Mental health (including depression and anxiety) was described as important comorbidity by 17/18 (94%), followed by obesity or being overweight by 9/18 (50%), heart disease by 7/18 (39%) and stroke by 5/18 (28%) of participants. Young people reported searching UK National Health Service websites, charity resources, and Google for information on their disease and associated comorbidities. They stated that they would be willing to change their lifestyle to reduce the risk of comorbidities if information were given to them sensitively with clear practical steps for reducing risk.Conclusion Three groups of young people identified risk of mental health issues, obesity, and cardiovascular morbidities as particularly important to them. They reported searching online platforms related to their disease and increasingly accessed online resources as they transitioned from paediatric to adult care. Participants thought it would be helpful to provide information on young people’s disease and associated comorbidity in a motivational and sensitive way.
Effects of tool orientation and surface curvature on tool wear in ball end milling of 17-4PH stainless steel
Authors: Ji Wenbin , Shang Haoran , Li Bofan , Yang Hua , Li Zirui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

During the process of 5-axis free-form milling, tool orientation and surface curvature of the workpiece have significant effects on tool wear. In this paper, five-axis milling experiments were carried out on 17-4PH stainless steel using a carbide ball end mill. The influence of tool orientation on the amount of wear, cutting force and chip morphology of the ball end cutter was investigated. The results show that tool wear is slighter at a tool inclination angle of approximately 15°, reducing tool wear by up to 29.55% compared to other angles. The inclination angle also has great effects on the milling force and torque signals, a suitable tool inclination angle makes the milling force and torque signals smooth, the standard deviation is only 0.94 N and 0.017 N·m. In addition, the chips can reflect the stability of the machining process to some extent. On this basis, different workpiece surfaces were selected to investigate the effect of workpiece surface characteristics on tool wear. The results show that more severe tool wear and higher milling force signals on curved surfaces occurred with smaller radii of curvature. An appropriate tool orientation in relation to the curvature of the workpiece surface can significantly reduce tool wear; concave surfaces are suitable for machining with a small angle of inclination, e.g. 5°~10°, whereas convex surfaces are suitable for machining with a larger angle of inclination, e.g. 20°~25°.
Mechanism of miR-130b-3p in relieving airway inflammation in asthma through HMGB1-TLR4-DRP1 axis
Authors: Han Xue , Song Yilan , Piao Yihua , Wang Zhiguang , Li Yan , Cui Qingsong , Piao Hongmei , Yan Guanghai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease characterized by recurrent breathing difficulties caused by airway obstruction and hypersensitivity. Although there is diversity in their specific mechanisms, microRNAs (miRNAs) have a significant impact on the development of asthma. Currently, the contribution of miR-130b-3p to asthma remains elusive. The goal of this study was to examine whether miR-130b-3p attenuates house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma through High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/mitochondrial fission protein (DRP1) signaling pathway. We elucidate that miR-130b-3p can bind to the HMGB1 3'UTR, attenuating HMGB1 mRNA and protein levels, and nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1. We observed that miR-130b-3p agomir or HMGB1 CKO attenuated HDM-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, and decreased Th2-type cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and mediastinal lymph nodes. Further, HMGB1 CKO contributes to alleviating Th2 inflammation in AT-II cells (CD45.2−/CD31−/Epcam−/proSP-C+/MHC-II+) from lung single cell suspensions of asthmatic mice by flow cytometry. Our findings identified miR-130b-3p as a potent regulator in asthma that exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by targeting HMGB1 and the subsequent HMGB1/TLR4/Drp1 axis, presenting a prospective novel therapeutic avenue for asthma management.
Deciphering the evolutionary origin of the exceptional slow pace-of-life of marine endotherms
Authors: Sol Daniel , Prego Anton , Olive Laura , Genovart Meritxell , Oro Daniel , Hernandez-Matías Antonio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

All organisms face a certain risk of dying before reproducing. Given that reproducing earlier can also ensure that offspring start breeding sooner, there is strong pressure on individuals to reproduce as early as possible. Why, then, some organisms mature late, defer reproduction and age slowly? Major evolutionary transitions in life history are believed to result from the invasion of niches altering extrinsic mortality and imposing new adaptive challenges. However, limited research on these transitions has hindered understanding their role in the evolution of extremely slow-lived strategies. We reveal here that the invasion of marine environments by birds and mammals triggered profound adaptive shifts towards extremely slower life histories, particularly in pelagic lineages. Such life history convergences were facilitated by the slow-paced nature of their non-marine ancestors, and were associated with adaptations for enhanced energy acquisition and storage, facilitating a long reproductive lifespan at the expense of extended development. Ancestral traits and lifestyle changes might thus have been essential in shaping the evolution of exceptionally slow life histories.
Azoramide, a novel regulator, favors adipogenesis against osteogenesis through inhibiting the GLP-1 receptor-PKA-β-catenin pathway
Authors: Yan Zhao , Ruan Banjun , Cao Xiaorui , Lu Zifan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The reciprocal fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to either bone or adipocytes is determined by Wnt-related signaling and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Azoramide, an ER stress alleviator, was reported to have an antidiabetic effect. In this study, we investigated the function of azoramide in regulating the lineage determination of MSCs for either adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation.
Methods
In this study, microcomputed tomography and histological analysis on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2-induced parietal periosteum bone formation assays, C3H10T1/2 and mouse bone marrow MSC-derived bone formation and adipogenesis assays, and specific staining for bone tissue and lipid droplets were used to evaluate the role of azoramide on the lineage determination of MSC differentiation. Cells were harvested for Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunofluorescence staining was used to explore the potential mechanism of azoramide for regulating MSC differentiation.
Results
Based on MSC-derived bone formation assays both in vivo and in vitro, azoramide treatment displayed a cell fate determining ability in favor of adipogenesis over osteogenesis. Further mechanistic characterizations disclosed that both the GLP-1R agonist peptide exendin-4 (Ex-4) and GLP-1R small interfering (si)RNA abrogated azoramide dual effects. Moreover, cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated nuclear β-catenin activity was responsible for the negative function of azoramide on bone formation in favor of adipogenesis. Conclusions: These data provide the first evidence to show that azoramide may serve as an antagonist against GLP-1R in MSC lineage determination.
Combining simple analytical methods enables the prediction of volatile transport through paper
Authors: Teubler Raimund , Serebrennikova Alexandra , Hoffellner Lisa , Leitner Erich , Zojer Karin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Paper is a widely used material in our daily life and has diverse applications. However, the range of possible applications is limited due to legal requirements for the permeability of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through the inherently porous material. Volatile organic compounds are transported in the material on the one hand by diffusion through the three-dimensional porous network and on the other hand by successive sorption and desorption processes. The relative importance of the processes is governed by the physical and chemical properties of both the VOC and the paper. The specific interactions between a VOC and paper and the resulting transport duration are expected to vary strongly with the VOC and paper type. Here, three strikingly simple and complementary analytical methods are developed and combined to enable the quantification of the dynamics of transport for a broad variety of VOCs and paper grades. For each method, the mode of application, the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations are highlighted. The merit of combining these methods is showcased by explaining how the collected data serve as the basis for predictive modelling of transport.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) MSC code1 · MSC code2 · more
Precision control mechanism of angular contact ball bearing based on error transfer
Authors: Wang Dongfeng , Yuan Julong , Guo Luguang , Ren Kun , Wang Shuqi , Chen Fangyuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Angular contact ball bearing is one of the most classic types of rolling bearings. In this paper, the relationship between the size of each component and the overall structural parameters of the finished bearing is analyzed for the high-speed precision angular contact ball. The error transfer law between the accuracy of the components and the accuracy of the finished structural parameters is obtained, and the influence coefficient of the size of the key parts on the overall structural parameters of the finished bearing is quantitatively evaluated and estimated. In conjunction with the process index of the equipment processing capacity being determined and optimized, a numerical analysis model based on the error transfer law is built for the accurate control of the overall structural parameters. The results show that the diameter (Dw) of the steel ball has the most significant effect on the accuracy of the structural parameters, and the curvature radius (Ri and Re) of the inner and outer ring grooves have the weakest effect. For example, the influence coefficient of the diameter of the steel ball on the contact angle is as high as 6.996, while the groove curvature radius is only 0.81; Finally, the accuracy and practicability of the accuracy control analysis model are verified by the typical model of high-speed precision angular contact ball bearing H7008 produced by a company.
New molecular evidence of the rare genus Hydrurus (Chrysophyceae) and descriptions of Hydrurus foetidus (Villars) Trevisan on the basis of morphological and molecular phylogeny
Authors: Hao Junxue , An Yalu , Nan Fangru , Lv Junping , Liu Qi , Liu Xudong , Xie Shulian , Feng Jia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

A new site with benthic freshwater alga Hydrurus foetidus (Villars) Trevisan has been discovered in the Fenhe River in Shanxi Province, China. The physical and chemical parameters of water were meticulously measured and documented. The H. foetidus thalli exhibited a unique structure, consisting of a firm central axis surrounded by peripheral branches, all encapsulated by a viscous gelatinous coating. Detailed morphological observations were conducted on the specimen, measuring of different cell categories. The SSU, LSU, ITS, and rbcL DNA sequence data of H. foetidus collected from Shanxi were determined. An extensive three-gene phylogenetic tree was constructed, revealing a strong relationship between the specimen in this study and H. foetidus specimen from Norway. Time-calibrated molecular phylogenetic analysis further indicated that the genus Hydrurus diverged approximately 125 million years ago (Early Cretaceous), while the two H. foetidus strains from Shanxi, China and Norway diverged approximately 6 million years ago (Neogene). The results of this study supplement new molecular evidence for H. foetidus and contribute significantly to our understanding of the geographical distribution and evolutionary history of the genus Hydrurus.
A 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, GLUCORAPHASATIN SYNTHASE 1 (GRS1) is a major determinant for different aliphatic glucosinolates between radish and Chinese cabbage
Authors: Choi Peter , Nugroho Adji Baskoro Dwi , Moon Heewon , Kim Dong-Hwan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites in Brassicaceae plants and play a defensive role against a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses. Also, it exhibits anti-cancer activity against cancer cell in human. Different profiles of aliphatic GSL compounds between radish and Chinese cabbage were previously reported. However, molecular details underlying the divergent profile between two species were not clearly understood. In this study, we found that major difference of aliphatic GSLs profiles between two species is determined by the dominantly expressed genes in first step of the secondary modification phase, which are responsible for enzymatic catalysis of methylthioalkyl-glucosinolate. For instance, active expression of GLUCORAPHASATIN SYNTHASE 1 (GRS1) gene in radish play an important role in the production of glucoraphasatin (GRH) and glucoraphenin (GRE), a major aliphatic GSLs in radish. Meanwhile, Chinese cabbage was found to merely produce glucoraphasatin (GRH), instead producing glucoraphanin (GRA) and gluconapin (GNP) due to the mere expression of GRS1 homologs and abundant expressions of FLAVIN-CONTAINING MONOOXYGENASES (FMO GS-OX) homologs in Chinese cabbage. In addition, we noticed that wounding treatment on leaf tissues substantially enhanced the production of aliphatic and indolic GSLs in both Chinese cabbage and radish, indicating that GSLs are wound-induced defensive compounds in both Chinese cabbage and radish plants.
Molecular basis for the co-evolution of thermophysiology and pigmentation in Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Yan San-qiang , Lyu Bao-qian , Lu Hui , Tang Ji-hong , Zhang Qi-kai , Jiao Bin , Wu Yu-xin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In the context of global warming and increasing extreme heat, insect responses to temperature include physiological and biochemical changes such as changes in body color. One challenge in biology is to integrate diverse mechanisms of insect plasticity underlying responses to temperature. Life history and trait trade-offs provide a framework for investigating this issue as it relates to the synergistic optimization of related traits. High temperatures during the pupal stage can induce reductions in melanin levels and affect the body color of Habrobracon hebetor adults, with these changes accompanied by enhanced longevity at the expense of fecundity. In our study, we used transcriptome and metabolome sequencing, antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, POD) assays, and additions of exogenous antioxidants, and we found three important relationships: (1) The establishment of heat tolerance in this parasitoid involved responses of antioxidant systems, biogenic amines, and heat shock protein genes, and this tolerance was induced by heat experienced in the pupal stage, with results in the adult stage. (2) A trade-off existed between survival and reproduction based on energy and resource allocation under heat stress. This relationship was disrupted by feeding adults exogenous antioxidants (glutathione and melatonin), as demonstrated by a simultaneous elevation of survival and reproduction at high temperatures. (3) Parasitoid melanosis-related genes (DDC and AANAT) both participated in the regulation of melatonin synthesis. These results enrich our understanding of the theory of plastic body color differentiation in insects and may provide useful insights for the conservation of parasitoids in tropical regions.
Research on the Upgrading of Household Cultural Consumption Based on Income Distribution Changes
Authors: feng xing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

China has implemented a new development policy with domestic circulation as the mainstay and has fully tapped into its potential for domestic demand in the consumption link. On this basis, we uses counterfactual thinking to decompose the income distribution transition into three parts: mean, variance and residual. These three parts are introduced into an unconditional quantile model to construct a three-dimensional consumption decomposition framework composed of growth, dispersion and heterogeneity effects. Empirical research has found that the growth, dispersion and heterogeneity effects have obvious non-uniformity and mutation characteristics. Among them, the growth effect has a positive effect, the dispersion effect has a negative effect, and the heterogeneity effect has a positive effect on the medium and low consumption level groups, while it has a negative effect on the medium and high consumption level groups. In addition, there are obvious mutation characteristics at the 0.5, 0.8 and 0.9 quantile points of each effect, and further exploration of the threshold model reveals that there is significant non-linearity in the effect of income on the demand for cultural consumption. At the same time, the influence of dispersion and heterogeneity on the demand for cultural consumption becomes more and more obvious, and the trend of change in resident cultural consumption demand is the result of the combined effect of various effects. It shows that the simple increase of resident income level has reached the bottleneck for the promotion of cultural consumption.
Physical Literacy-Based Intervention for Chronic Disease Management: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Mouton Alexandre , Weerts Jean-Pierre , Carl Johannes 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
As chronic diseases proliferate globally, innovative interventions that promote sustainable physical activity are crucial. Physical literacy - conceptualised as integrating motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge, social interaction, and engagement in meaningful activities - offers a holistic strategy for lifelong health promotion. This protocol describes a study investigating the effects of a physical literacy-based intervention on adults with chronic diseases, aiming to enhance long-term physical activity adherence and improve health outcomes.
Methods
This quasi-experimental study will compare three groups: a control group, a group taking part in traditional physical activity (TPA) group sessions tailored for adults with chronic disease focusing on physical fitness general improvement, and a group taking part in TPA sessions that incorporates physical literacy goals and intervention content in line with 6 core dimensions of physical literacy (TPA + PL). Intervention groups will take part in 12 one-and-a-half-hour sessions organised weekly over a 3-month cycle. The study will assess the impact of these interventions using a mixed qualitative and quantitative physical literacy assessment tool at baseline, three months (post-intervention), and six months (follow-up).
Discussion
The study protocol proposes a comprehensive approach to chronic disease management through physical literacy, hypothesising that integrating physical literacy dimensions in tailored physical activity group sessions can significantly improve physical literacy, and consequently physical activity sustainability and health outcomes. Results from this study will provide insights into the efficacy of physical literacy interventions compared to traditional approaches, potentially guiding future public health initiatives and chronic disease management strategies.
Trial registration
NCT06325306 (21/03/2024).
Nonlinear estimation in turbulent channel flows
Authors: Ding Jitong , Illingworth Simon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We design a nonlinear estimator for channel flows at $Re_{\tau}=180$ and $590$.The nonlinear estimator uses a linear estimator structure based on the linearised Navier-Stokes equations and explicitly calculates the nonlinear forcing from the estimated velocities in physical space. The goal is to use the velocities at one wall-normal height to estimate the velocities at other wall-normal heights. The estimation performance is compared among the nonlinear estimator, the linear estimator and the linear estimator augmented with eddy viscosity. At $Re_{\tau}=180$, the nonlinear estimator and the linear estimator augmented with eddy viscosity outperform the linear estimator in terms of estimating the velocity magnitudes, structures and energy transfer (production and dissipation) across the channel height.The limitations of using measurement data at one wall-normal height are discussed. At $Re_{\tau}=590$, the nonlinear estimator does not work well with only one measurement plane, whereas the linear estimator augmented with eddy viscosity performs well.The performance of the nonlinear estimator at $Re_{\tau}=590$ is significantly enhanced by providing multiple measurement planes.