bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which attributes define a megaproject?
Authors: Bakke Christian , Johansen Agnar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Megaprojects are highly complex undertakings that significantly impact the world. Flyvbjerg states megaprojects require significant resources: “Over Budget, Over Time, Over and Over Again.” Megaprojects impact society decades after they are delivered, and a higher success rate is crucial, especially in light of sustainability. The number of megaprojects is increasing, the complexity of the projects is unique, and ownership is becoming increasingly complex. This research discusses how megaprojects are defined according to existing literature. What do we consider a megaproject? Furthermore, which attributes (complexity, stakeholder management, project ownership, and so on) can be used as an Early Signal to identify which delivery model is needed? With a premise that a megaproject needs to be handled differently than a conventional project. This paper is based on a literature review examining the definition of megaproject. The literature review shows that megaprojects are typically defined as a delivery model to deliver large-scale, complex, and one-off capital investments in the public and private sectors. Or a project system greater than 0.01% of the national gross domestic product (GDP). Our results show that there are no common definitions of what a megaproject is in the literature. Our research shows that a higher focus on complexity, technology, novelty, duration, stakeholder management, project governance, and political ramifications is more critical in defining a megaproject than the project’s capital cost or size (tonn, m2, or length).
Strategies of re-use of building materials and components (BMC) in Scandinavian renovation and transformation projects
Authors: Støre-Valen Marit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Re-use of building materials and -components (BMC) in renovation and transformation project has a great potential to capture Circular Economy principles (CE). This study looks at strategies and sustainable development goals among a selection of public and private building owners and how they are practising circular principles in Scandinavian renovation and transformation projects. This is done by studying national and international research literature, national and European (EU) policy documents, business strategy documents and semi-structured in-depth interviews among private and public building owners. In Scandinavia, there are national strategies and regulations that promote circularity within the building sector. However, on a local level, only the large city municipalities have applied this by local guidelines and action plans. The research literature and the building owners interviewed, points towards the need to collaborate to reach national SDG’s. One suggestion is that the building material suppliers take responsibility to store and resell BMC, ensuring quality documentation. The building owners report that the main motivation to do re-use of BMC in renovation projects is the focus on the climate gas reduction, competence development and the internal environmental goals. However, further collaboration, competence and innovation is needed to upscale re-use of BMC to a larger market.
Advancing Facilities Management by a Framework of Sustainability Drivers in Project Management
Authors: Zahid A , Klungseth N J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The sustainability concept has boomed significantly, and its importance is noteworthy among organisations worldwide. The increased focus on sustainability has impacted both the project management (PM) and facilities management (FM) activities. This sustainability challenge is a complex and important to deal with. The role of sustainable PM in FM is significant towards achieving sustainable development as projects are the means of implementing sustainability strategies that are targeting the 3 P’s (people, planet, and profit) of sustainability. The novelty of this paper is in its focus, with a combined focus on both the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) and FM industries using PM as a focus while investigating sustainability drivers that can help the industries overcome complex and challenging sustainability barriers. We as part of the paper aim to develop a sustainability drivers’ framework that can guide researchers and practitioners in PM and FM to tackle sustainability challenges. By performing a literature review using the ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases, 74 articles were finally selected to highlight the key sustainability drivers. Based on the collected literature, a theoretical sustainability drivers’ framework was produced that can help in advancing the FM via the sustainable PM. The resulting sustainability drivers were categorised as (1) organisational aspects, (2) financial factors, (3) promoting awareness, (4) stakeholders’ role, (5) standards and tools, (6) government policies and regulations, and (7) others. In this paper, we focus on two categories in detail from a project governance (PG) perspective, that is, organisational aspects and stakeholders’ role. The main takeaway of our study is the theoretical sustainability drivers’ framework that will guide the practitioners and researchers in AEC/FM industry to deal with the complexity brought by sustainability challenges through the sustainable PM lens, and become a powerful driver of long-term value creation for their organisations by effectively applying sustainability practices.
An efficient non-binary QC-LDPC coded modulation scheme for long-haul optical systems
Authors: P Sajith Sethu , Solomon Sam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Coded modulation (CM), which combines channel codes with high-dimensional modulation schemes, is an attractive technique to improve the spectral efficiency in high-speed optical transmission systems. Non-binary low-density parity check (NB LDPC) codes can provide larger coding gains with smaller codeword lengths compared to their binary counterpart, in addition to reducing the latency of the system. The majority of works based on NB LDPC CM focus on bit-interleaved CM (BICM) and the widely used additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel model. However, the Gaussian channel model is not a realistic model for long-haul intensity-modulated direct-detection (IM/DD) optical systems using erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. In this paper, it is mathematically proved that noise in the received signals after photodetection can be more accurately represented using chi-squared distribution. The efficiency of CM depends on the mapping between coded symbols and the constellation signal points of the modulation scheme. Hence, a symbol interleaved CM with subcarrier modulation for NB LDPC codes based on the proposed channel model is presented in this paper to improve the bit-error rate (BER) performance. The simulation results show that the proposed CM for NB LDPC codes with M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation schemes provides better performance than BICM. The analysis of the error performance of the proposed system gives a coding gain of 1 dB at a BER of 10−7 compared to that of the AWGN channel model. The performance improvement of the system is also evaluated in terms of spectral efficiency and link distance.
Development and validation of a prognostic scoring system for 1-year mortality in older patients with hip fractures
Authors: Katsuyama Yusei , Horie Naoyuki , Yoshii Kengo , Nakamura Shinichiro , Saito Tomoki , Takahashi Kenji 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Hip fractures in older people result in increased mortality.

Objective
We developed and validated an accurate and simple prognostic scoring system for hip fractures that can be used preoperatively.

Design
Retrospective study.

Setting
Multicenter.

Participants
Patients aged ≥65 years with hip fractures who underwent surgery between 2011 and 2021 were enrolled.

Methods
The significant factors were determined with logistic regression analysis, and a scoring system was developed. The patients were classified into three groups, and a log-rank test was performed to evaluate 1-year survival rates. The model was internally and externally validated using the 5-fold cross-validation and data from another hospital, respectively.

Results
We included 1026 patients. The analysis revealed eight significant prognostic factors: sex, body mass index, history of chronic heart failure and malignancy, activities of daily living (ADLs) before injury, hemoglobin and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) at injury, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) after internal validation was 0.853. The external validation data consisted of 110 patients. The AUC of the model for the validation data was 0.905, showing outstanding discrimination. Sensitivity and specificity were 88.7% vs. 100% and 93.3% vs. 95.2% for the development and validation data, respectively.

Conclusions
We developed and validated an accurate and simple prognostic scoring system for hip fractures using only preoperative factors. Our findings highlight PNI as an important predictor of prognosis in hip fracture patients.
Exposure range matters: considering nonlinear associations in the meta-analysis of environmental pollutant exposure using examples of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and birth outcomes
Authors: Guo Pengfei , Warren Joshua L , Deziel Nicole C , Liew Zeyan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Meta-analysis is a powerful analytic method for summarizing effect estimates across studies. However, conventional meta-analysis often assumes a linear exposure-outcome relationship and does not account for variability over the exposure ranges. In this work, we first used simulation techniques to illustrate that the linear-based meta-analytical approach may result in oversimplistic effect estimation based on 3 plausible nonlinear exposure-outcome curves (S-shape, inverted U-shape, and M-shape). We showed that subgroup meta-analysis that stratifies on exposure levels can investigate nonlinearity and identify the consistency of effect magnitudes in these simulated examples. Next, we examined the heterogeneity of effect estimates across exposure ranges in 2 published linear-based meta-analyses of prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on changes in mean birth weight or risk of preterm birth. The reanalysis found some varying effect sizes and potential heterogeneity when restricting to different PFAS exposure ranges, but findings were sensitive to the cut-off choices used to rank the exposure levels. Finally, we discussed methodological challenges and recommendations for detecting and interpreting potential nonlinear associations in meta-analysis. Using meta-analysis without accounting for exposure range could contribute to literature inconsistency for exposure-induced health effects and impede evidence-based policymaking. Therefore, investigating result heterogeneity by exposure range is recommended.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.
ST-SCSR: identifying spatial domains in spatial transcriptomics data via structure correlation and self-representation
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Wensheng , Ma Xiaoke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent advances in spatial transcriptomics (ST) enable measurements of transcriptome within intact biological tissues by preserving spatial information, offering biologists unprecedented opportunities to comprehensively understand tissue micro-environment, where spatial domains are basic units of tissues. Although great efforts are devoted to this issue, they still have many shortcomings, such as ignoring local information and relations of spatial domains, requiring alternatives to solve these problems. Here, a novel algorithm for spatial domain identification in Spatial Transcriptomics data with Structure Correlation and Self-Representation (ST-SCSR), which integrates local information, global information, and similarity of spatial domains. Specifically, ST-SCSR utilzes matrix tri-factorization to simultaneously decompose expression profiles and spatial network of spots, where expressional and spatial features of spots are fused via the shared factor matrix that interpreted as similarity of spatial domains. Furthermore, ST-SCSR learns affinity graph of spots by manipulating expressional and spatial features, where local preservation and sparse constraints are employed, thereby enhancing the quality of graph. The experimental results demonstrate that ST-SCSR not only outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of accuracy, but also identifies many potential interesting patterns.
Potential Implications of Using Locally Validated Risk Factors for Drug-Resistant Pathogens in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia in US Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gasoyan Hamlet , Deshpande Abhishek , Imrey Peter B , Guo Ning , Mittman Benjamin G , Rothberg Michael B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The 2019 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS/IDSA) community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) guidelines recommend that clinicians prescribe empiric antibiotics for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa only if locally validated risk factors (or 2 generic risk factors if local validation is not feasible) are present.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study that included adults hospitalized for CAP across 50 hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database from 2010 to 2015, we sought to describe how the use of extended-spectrum antibiotics (ESAs) and the coverage for patients with CAP due to restraint organisms would change under the 2 approaches described in the 2019 ATS/IDSA guidelines. The proportion of ESA use in patients with CAP and the proportion of ESA coverage among patients with infections resistant to recommended CAP therapy were measured.

Results
In the 50 hospitals, 19%–75% of patients received ESAs, and 42%–100% of patients with resistant organisms received ESAs. The median number of risk factors identified per hospital was 9 (interquartile range, 6–12). Overall, treatment according to local risk factors reduced the number of patients receiving ESAs by 38.8 percentage points and by 47.5 percentage points when using generic risk factors. However, the effect varied by hospital. The use of generic risk factors always resulted in less ESA use and less coverage for resistant organisms. Using locally validated risk factors resulted in a similar outcome in all but 1 hospital.

Conclusions
Future guidelines should explicitly define the optimal trade-off between adequate coverage for resistant organisms and ESA use.
Severe aortic valve regurgitation in patient with Takayasu arteritis: a case report
Authors: Tassi Vasiliki , Tzalas Dimitrios , Papadopoulou Elektra , Trikas Athanasios 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a systemic non-inflammatory vasculitis that primarily affects large- and medium-sized arteries.

Case summary
We report the case of a 57-year-old woman with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) 7 years prior, who was referred for a stress echo due to chest pain. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed the left ventricle at the upper limits of normal with preserved contractility, as well as circumferential thickening of the aortic root, causing severe aortic regurgitation (AR). Cardiac computed tomography and angiography demonstrated diffuse thickening of the aortic wall from the aortic root to the descending thoracic aorta, extending to the left carotid artery and significant stenosis of the left subclavian artery. Coronary angiography showed severe narrowing of the left main coronary ostium with ostial stenosis and total occlusion of the right coronary and left internal mammary arteries. Magnetic angiography highlighted thickening of the aortic wall, while no active inflammation was detected on positron emission tomography. These findings suggested Takayasu aortitis with chronic inflammation.

Discussion
In young patients, particularly women, who present with angina and coronary ostial stenosis, Takayasu arteritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a serious complication, and its surgical management can be challenging.
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Imaging Findings and Outcomes with Nonsteroidal Treatment in a Predominantly Hispanic Population
Authors: Rizzo Lucien , Hovanessian-Larsen Linda , Yamashita Mary , Lei Xiaomeng , Cen Steven , Choi Jennifer , Lee Tiffany , Lee Sandy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
We describe the demographics, clinical presentation, imaging findings, and treatment response among 235 cases of biopsy-proven idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) at a single institution.

Methods
An institutional review board–approved retrospective search of the breast imaging database was performed to select patients with biopsy-proven IGM between 2017 and 2022. Retrospective review evaluated clinical presentation, imaging findings with US and mammography, and treatment recommendations (antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], warm compresses, or observation only). Response to treatment was evaluated on follow-up US. A favorable treatment response was a decrease in size or resolution of disease on follow-up imaging. Statistical analysis using Poisson regression was performed to evaluate the clinical outcomes associated with each treatment.

Results
A total of 235 patients met the selection criteria with a mean age of 38 years (18 to 68). The majority of patients were Hispanic (95%, 223/235). Of all patients, 75.3% (177/235) received treatment (consisting of 1 or any combination of antibiotics, NSAIDs, warm compresses), 24.7% (58/235) were treated with observation, 78.7% (185/235) returned for follow-up imaging, and 21.3% (50/235) were lost to follow-up. Of those with follow-up imaging, disease improvement was seen in 70.3% (102/145) of patients who received treatment compared with 72.5% (29/40) of patients treated by observation alone. Multivariate analysis further showed no difference in clinical outcomes among the treatment of unifocal, multifocal, or recurrent IGM.

Conclusion
Nonsteroidal treatment of IGM showed no significant improvement on follow-up imaging compared to treatment with observation alone in a predominantly Hispanic patient population.
F
ST
between haploids and diploids in species with discrete ploidy phases
Authors: Bessho Kazuhiro , Otto Sarah P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Many organisms alternate between distinct haploid and diploid phases, which generates population structure according to ploidy level. In this research, we consider a haploid–diploid population using statistical approaches developed for spatially subdivided populations, where haploids represent one “patch” and diploids another “patch.” In species with alternating generations, sexual reproduction causes movement from diploids to haploids (by meiosis with recombination) and from haploids to diploids (by syngamy). Thus, an allele in one ploidy phase can be said to “migrate” to the other ploidy phase by sexual reproduction and to “remain” in the same ploidy phase by asexual reproduction. By analyzing a coalescent model of the probability of identity by descent and by state for a haploid–diploid system, we define FST-like measures of differentiation between haploids and diploids and show that these measures can be simplified as a function of the extent of sexuality in each ploidy phase. We conduct simulations with an infinite-alleles model and discuss a method for estimating the degree of effective sexuality from genetic data sets that use the observed FST measures of haploid–diploid species.
Decreased in Mitochondrial Complex I Subunit NDUFS2 Is Critical for Oocyte Quality During Postovulatory Aging in Pigs
Authors: Zhou Dongjie , Lee Song-Hee , Li Xiao-Han , Kim Ji-Dam , Lee Gyu-Hyun , Sim Jae-Min , Cui Xiang-Shun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2 (NDUFS2, a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase) decrease in aged tissues, and these reductions may be partly associated with age-related conditions such as Parkinson's disease. Aging leads to many mitochondrial defects, such as biogenesis disruption, dysfunction, defects in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and production of reactive oxygen species, that may be highly related to NDUFS2 expression. The relationship between NDUFS2 and postovulatory oocyte aging in pigs remains unknown. In this study, we investigated changes in NDUFS2 expression during postovulatory aging (POA). Furthermore, NDUFS2 was knocked down via dsRNA microinjection at the MII stage to evaluate the effects on mitochondrial-related processes during POA. The mRNA expression of NDUFS2 decreased significantly after 48-h aging compared with that in fresh oocytes. NDUFS2 knockdown (KD) significantly impaired the maintenance of oocyte morphology and blastocyst development of embryos after POA. The levels of PGC1α (mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins) decreased significantly after NDUFS2 KD, while the level of GSNOR, a protein denitrosylase, was reduced by NDUFS2 KD after 48 h of aging. These data suggest that NDUFS2 is vital for maintaining the oocyte quality during POA in pigs.
Towards Establishing Best Practice in the Analysis of Hydrogen and Deuterium by Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Gault Baptiste , Saksena Aparna , Sauvage Xavier , Bagot Paul , Aota Leonardo S , Arlt Jonas , Belkacemi Lisa T , Boll Torben , Chen Yi-Sheng , Daly Luke , Djukic Milos B , Douglas James O , Duarte Maria J , Felfer Peter J , Forbes Richard G , Fu Jing , Gardner Hazel M , Gemma Ryota , Gerstl Stephan S A , Gong Yilun , Hachet Guillaume , Jakob Severin , Jenkins Benjamin M , Jones Megan E , Khanchandani Heena , Kontis Paraskevas , Krämer Mathias , Kühbach Markus , Marceau Ross K W , Mayweg David , Moore Katie L , Nallathambi Varatharaja , Ott Benedict C , Poplawsky Jonathan D , Prosa Ty , Pundt Astrid , Saha Mainak , Schwarz Tim M , Shang Yuanyuan , Shen Xiao , Vrellou Maria , Yu Yuan , Zhao Yujun , Zhao Huan , Zou Bowen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As hydrogen is touted as a key player in the decarbonization of modern society, it is critical to enable quantitative hydrogen (H) analysis at high spatial resolution and, if possible, at the atomic scale. H has a known deleterious impact on the mechanical properties (strength, ductility, toughness) of most materials that can hinder their use as part of the infrastructure of a hydrogen-based economy. Enabling H mapping including local hydrogen concentration analyses at specific microstructural features is essential for understanding the multiple ways that H affect the properties of materials including embrittlement mechanisms and their synergies. In addition, spatial mapping and quantification of hydrogen isotopes is essential to accurately predict tritium inventory of future fusion power plants thus ensuring their safe and efficient operation. Atom probe tomography (APT) has the intrinsic capability to detect H and deuterium (D), and in principle the capacity for performing quantitative mapping of H within a material's microstructure. Yet, the accuracy and precision of H analysis by APT remain affected by complex field evaporation behavior and the influence of residual hydrogen from the ultrahigh vacuum chamber that can obscure the signal of H from within the material. The present article reports a summary of discussions at a focused workshop held at the Max-Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials in April 2024. The workshop was organized to pave the way to establishing best practices in reporting APT data for the analysis of H. We first summarize the key aspects of the intricacies of H analysis by APT and then propose a path for better reporting of the relevant data to support interpretation of APT-based H analysis in materials.