bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for extended antibiotic therapy after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis (Cholecystectomy Antibiotic Randomised Trial, CHART)
Authors: Pellegrini Pablo , Campana Juan Pablo , Dietrich Agustín , Goransky Jeremías , Glinka Juan , Giunta Diego , Barcan Laura , Alvarez Fernando , Mazza Oscar , Sánchez Claria Rodrigo , Palavecino Martin , Arbues Guillermo , Ardiles Victoria , de Santibañes Eduardo , Pekolj Juan , de Santibañes Martin 
Published: November 2015

IntroductionAcute calculous cholecystitis represents one of the most common complications of cholelithiasis. While laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard treatment in mild and moderate forms, the need for antibiotic therapy after surgery remains undefined. The aim of the randomised controlled Cholecystectomy Antibiotic Randomised Trial (CHART) is therefore to assess if there are benefits in the use of postoperative antibiotics in patients with mild or moderate acute cholecystitis in whom a laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed.Methods and analysisA single-centre, double-blind, randomised trial. After screening for eligibility and informed consent, 300 patients admitted for acute calculus cholecystitis will be randomised into two groups of treatment, either receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or placebo for 5 consecutive days. Postoperative evaluation will take place during the first 30 days. Postoperative infectious complications are the primary end point. Secondary end points are length of hospital stay, readmissions, need of reintervention (percutaneous or surgical reinterventions) and overall mortality. The results of this trial will provide strong evidence to either support or abandon the use of antibiotics after surgery, impacting directly in the incidence of adverse events associated with the use of antibiotics, the emergence of bacterial resistance and treatment costs.Ethics and disseminationThis study and informed consent sheets have been approved by the Research Projects Evaluating Committee (CEPI) of Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (protocol N° 2111).ResultsThe results of the trial will be reported in a peer-reviewed publication.Trial registration numberNCT02057679.
A quality improvement project to improve early sepsis care in the emergency department
Authors: Gatewood Medley O'Keefe , Wemple Matthew , Greco Sheryl , Kritek Patricia A , Durvasula Raghu 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundSepsis causes substantial morbidity and mortality in hospitalised patients. Although many studies describe the use of protocols in the management of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, few have addressed emergency department (ED) screening and management for patients initially presenting with uncomplicated sepsis (ie, patients without organ failure or hypotension).ObjectiveA quality improvement task force at a large, quaternary care referral hospital sought to develop a protocol focusing on early identification of patients with uncomplicated sepsis, in addition to severe sepsis and septic shock.InterventionThe three-tiered intervention consisted of (1) a nurse-driven screening tool and management protocol to identify and initiate early treatment of patients with sepsis, (2) a computer-assisted screening algorithm that generated a ‘Sepsis Alert’ pop-up screen in the electronic medical record for treating clinical healthcare providers and (3) automated suggested sepsis-specific order sets for initial workup and resuscitation, antibiotic selection and goal-directed therapy.DesignA before and after retrospective cohort study was undertaken to determine the intervention's impact on compliance with recommended sepsis management, including serum lactate measured in the ED, 2 L of intravenous fluid administered within 2 h of triage, antibiotics administered within 3 h of triage and blood cultures drawn before antibiotic administration. Mortality rates for patients in the ED with a sepsis-designated ICD-9 code present on admission were also analysed.ResultsOverall bundle compliance increased by 154%, from 28% at baseline to 71% in the last quarter of the study (p<0.001). Bundle, antibiotic and intravenous fluid compliance all increased significantly after launch of the sepsis initiative (eg, bundle and intravenous fluid compliance increased by 74% and 54%, respectively; p<0.001). Bundle and antibiotic compliance both showed further significant increases after implementation of suggested order sets (31% and 25% increases, respectively; p<0.001). The mortality rate for patients in the ED admitted with sepsis was 13.3% before implementation and fell to 11.1% after (p=0.230); mortality in the last two quarters of the study was 9.3% (p=0.107).ConclusionsThe new protocol demonstrates that early screening interventions can lead to expedited delivery of care to patients with sepsis in the ED and could serve as a model for other facilities. Mortality was not significantly improved by our intervention, which included patients with uncomplicated sepsis.
Development of Prognosis in Palliative care Study (PiPS) predictor models to improve prognostication in advanced cancer: prospective cohort study
Authors: Gwilliam Bridget , Keeley Vaughan , Todd Chris , Gittins Matthew , Roberts Chris , Kelly Laura , Barclay Stephen , Stone Patrick C 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo develop a novel prognostic indicator for use in patients with advanced cancer that is significantly better than clinicians' estimates of survival.DesignProspective multicentre observational cohort study.Setting18 palliative care services in the UK (including hospices, hospital support teams, and community teams).Participants1018 patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer, no longer being treated for cancer, and recently referred to palliative care services.Main outcome measuresPerformance of a composite model to predict whether patients were likely to survive for “days” (0-13 days), “weeks” (14-55 days), or “months+” (>55 days), compared with actual survival and clinicians' predictions.ResultsOn multivariate analysis, 11 core variables (pulse rate, general health status, mental test score, performance status, presence of anorexia, presence of any site of metastatic disease, presence of liver metastases, C reactive protein, white blood count, platelet count, and urea) independently predicted both two week and two month survival. Four variables had prognostic significance only for two week survival (dyspnoea, dysphagia, bone metastases, and alanine transaminase), and eight variables had prognostic significance only for two month survival (primary breast cancer, male genital cancer, tiredness, loss of weight, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin). Separate prognostic models were created for patients without (PiPS-A) or with (PiPS-B) blood results. The area under the curve for all models varied between 0.79 and 0.86. Absolute agreement between actual survival and PiPS predictions was 57.3% (after correction for over-optimism). The median survival across the PiPS-A categories was 5, 33, and 92 days and survival across PiPS-B categories was 7, 32, and 100.5 days. All models performed as well as, or better than, clinicians' estimates of survival.ConclusionsIn patients with advanced cancer no longer being treated, a combination of clinical and laboratory variables can reliably predict two week and two month survival.
Critical rainfall thresholds for debris flows in Sanyanyu, Zhouqu County, Gansu Province, China
Authors: Yu G. , Zhang M. , Cong K. , Pei L. 
Published: November 2015

Critical rainfall thresholds can be the key to ensuring effective debris-flow forecasting. They are significant for the study of the trigger mechanisms of debris flows, for the forecast of the characteristics of future events, and for the development of engineering guidance for mitigation. Using a hydrological approach, we first calculated the flood peak discharge at different frequencies and then the corresponding rainfall thresholds for the initiation of different scales of debris flows in Zhouqu County, China. This was followed by the establishment of a functional relation between the intensity and duration of rainfall events that trigger debris flows of different warning levels in two initial soil conditions (dry and moist). This, in turn, yielded four warning levels and two preliminary warning levels. For the two early soil conditions (dry and moist) in the Sanyanyu Gully of Zhouqu County, the Level I (red) warning values for rainfall triggering debris flow are 56 and 51 mm h
−1
, respectively; the Level II (orange) warning values are 41 and 38 mm h
−1
, respectively; the Level III (yellow) warning values are 32 and 30 mm h
−1
, respectively; and the Level IV (blue) warning values are 24 and 22 mm h
−1
, respectively. The Level V preliminary warning values are 17 and 16 mm h
−1
, respectively; and the Level VI preliminary warning values are 10 and 9.5 mm h
−1
, respectively. The rainfall intensity and duration were found to exhibit a power function relation,
I

=

αD
β

, where the values of
α
and
β
vary with the warning levels. Rainfall events capable of triggering debris flows in the new thresholds and intensity–duration relations presented here can be used for forecasting purposes and in operational geohazard warning systems. These research results also provide a scientific basis for regional hazard mitigation and reduction in Zhouqu County.
The Cadell Fault, southeastern Australia: a record of temporally clustered morphogenic seismicity in a low-strain intraplate region
Authors: Clark D. , McPherson A. , Cupper M. , Collins C. D. N. , Nelson G. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

The Cadell Fault, found in stable continental region (SCR) crust in southeastern Australia, provides a record of temporally clustered morphogenic earthquakes spanning much of the Cenozoic. The slip rate, averaged over perhaps as many as five complete seismic cycles in the period 70–20 ka, is
c.
0.4–0.5 mm a
−1
, compared with an average rate of
c.
0.005–0.01 mm a
−1
over the period spanning the late Miocene to Recent. If full length rupture of the 80 km long feature is assumed, the average recurrence for M
w
7.3–7.5 earthquake events on the Cadell Fault in the period 70–20 ka is
c.
8 kyr. About 20 kyr, representing more than two average seismic cycles, have lapsed since the most recent morphogenic seismic event on the fault. It might therefore be speculated that this fault has relapsed into a quiescent period. Episodic rupture behaviour on the Cadell Fault, and nearby faults in Phanerozoic SCR crust in eastern Australia, might be controlled by their linkage into major crustal fault systems at depth, in apparent contrast with the style of deformation in non-extended Precambrian SCR crust. Periods of strain localization on these major crustal fault systems, effectively turning deforming regions ‘on’ and ‘off’, might be influenced by changes in distant plate boundary forces. If proved, this would have profound consequences for how the occurrence of large earthquakes is assessed in Australia, as the fundamental assumption of morphogenic earthquakes occurring as a result of the progressive build-up of strain, and thus being in some way predictable in their periodicity, is not satisfied. Documenting such fault behaviour in SCR crust assists in conceptualizing the points critical to understanding the hazards posed by SCR faults worldwide.

Supplementary material:
Seismic reflection and refraction survey parameters are available at:
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18869
Premedication and Chemotherapy Agents do not Impair Imgatuzumab (GA201)-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity and Combination Therapies Enhance Efficacy
Authors: Gonzalez-Nicolini Valeria , Herter Sylvia , Lang Sabine , Waldhauer Inja , Bacac Marina , Roemmele Michaela , Bommer Esther , Freytag Olivier , van Puijenbroek Erwin , Umaña Pablo , Gerdes Christian A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Imgatuzumab (GA201) is a novel anti-EGFR mAb that is glycoengineered for enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Future treatment schedules for imgatuzumab will likely involve the use of potentially immunosuppressive drugs, such as premedication therapies, to mitigate infusion reactions characteristic of mAb therapy and chemotherapy combination partners. Because of the strong immunologic component of mode of action of imgatuzumab, it is important to understand whether these drugs influence imgatuzumab-mediated ADCC and impact efficacy.
Experimental Design: We performed a series of ADCC assays using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells that were first preincubated in physiologically relevant concentrations of commonly used premedication drugs and cancer chemotherapies. The ability of common chemotherapy agents to enhance the efficacy of imgatuzumab in vivo was then examined using orthotopic xenograft models of human cancer.
Results: A majority of premedication and chemotherapy drugs investigated had no significant effect on the ADCC activity of imgatuzumab in vitro. Furthermore, enhanced in vivo efficacy was seen with imgatuzumab combination regimens compared with single-agent imgatuzumab, single-agent chemotherapy, or cetuximab combinations.
Conclusions: These data indicate that medications currently coadministered with anti-EGFR therapies are unlikely to diminish the ADCC capabilities of imgatuzumab. Further studies using syngeneic models with functional adaptive T-cell responses are now required to fully understand how chemotherapy agents will influence a long-term response to imgatuzumab therapy. Thus, this study and future ones can provide a framework for designing imgatuzumab combination regimens with enhanced efficacy for investigation in phase II trials. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2453–61. ©2015 AACR.
Antiplatelet effect of ticagrelor compared to tirofiban in non-ST-segment elevation ACS patients undergoing PCI
Authors: Jeong Young-Hoon , Park Duk-Woo , Sohn Chang-Bae , Hwang Ki-Won , Lee Sang-Hyun , Choi Jin Hee , Chon Min-Ku , Lee Soo Yong , Hwang Jongmin , Kim In-Suk , Lee Sun-Min , Han Junhee , Noh Maengseok , Kim Chang-Hoon , Chun Kook Jin , Park Yong Hyun , Kim Jeong-Su , Han Dong-Cheul , Kim June-Hong 
Published: November 2015

SummaryAddition of a potent P2Y12 inhibitor to aspirin is the standard therapy for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Glyco-protein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, together with antiplatelet therapy, may be considered as part of initial therapy in NSTE-ACS patients with high-risk features. This study investigated the antiplatelet effect of ticagrelor loading dose (LD) versus tirofiban bolus injection with a post-bolus infusion on top of aspirin among NSTE-ACS patients planned to PCI. NSTE-ACS patients were randomised to receive either ticagrelor (n = 47) or tirofiban (n = 48). Platelet reactivity was assessed by light transmittance aggregometry at 0, 2, 8, and 24 hours (h) after treatment initiation. Primary endpoint was inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA, 20 µM ADP, final extent) at 2 h after LD therapy, with a non-inferiority margin of 10 %. The prevalence of high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) was also compared at 0, 2, 8, and 24 h. The mean difference in IPA between ticagrelor and tirofiban was -9.9 % (95 % confidence interval: –25.7 % to 5.9 %) at 2 h, –1.6 % (-8.0 % to 4.8 %) at 8 h, and –3.3 % (-18.4 % to 12.0 %) at 24 h. The prevalence of HPR did not differ between the two groups at any time point (all p values ≥ 0.059), which was almost abolished by 8 h post-LD (< 5 %). In conclusion, the antiplatelet effect during the early phase (~2 h) after ticagrelor LD appeared to be relatively strong, but it did not reach that of tirofiban in NSTE-ACS patients.
Relationships among depression during pregnancy, social support and health locus of control among Iranian pregnant women
Authors: Moshki Mahdi , Cheravi Khadijeh 
Published: November 2015

Background: Prenatal depression is a significant predictor of postpartum depression and is detrimental to fetal development. Aim: To examine whether depression during pregnancy is associated with social support and health locus of control (HLC). Method: Data were collected from a sample of 208 Iranian pregnant women using a demographic questionnaire, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the multidimensional HLC Scale and the social support appraisals. Results: Depression was experienced by 37% of participants. Overall, women reported higher level of family support (6.88 ± 1.15) than other supports (6.87 ± 1.29). Protective supports from other resources (6.87 ± 1.29) were higher than those from friends (5.94 ± 1.5). Internal, powerful others and chance beliefs had the highest mean scores. Social support and chance HLC significantly influenced the proposed mediator (depressive mood) in the linear regression model. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations between social support (friend, family and others) and depressive mood. Internal HLC had a significant association with social support and powerful others HLC. However, Pearson correlation coefficient was not significant between depressive mood and all dimensions of HLC. Conclusion: Clinicians could assess social support and chance HLC to identify and treat women at risk of prenatal depression. By providing support during pregnancy, depression levels in women and its effects on the fetus may be decreased, which could prevent postpartum depression.
Validation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28) on a Sample of At-Risk New Zealand Youth
Authors: Sanders Jackie , Munford Robyn , Thimasarn-Anwar Tewaporn , Liebenberg Linda 
Published: November 2015

Purpose: This article reports on an examination of the psychometric properties of the 28-item Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28). Methods: Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s α, t-tests, correlations, and multivariate analysis of variance were applied to data collected via interviews from 593 at-risk adolescents (12–17 years) to identify the factor structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, construct validity, and floor and ceiling effects of the CYRM-28. Results: A four-factor structure was identified comprising two contextual factors, individual and family factors. The CYRM-28 and its factors show good internal reliability, stable test–retest properties, and no floor or ceiling effects. The measure also showed good construct validity. Discussion: The CYRM-28 shows good overall validity on this group of New Zealand youth, and researchers and social workers can have some confidence in its usefulness as a measure that can be used to assess resilience in youth from a range of ethnic backgrounds.
Outcome After Salvage Arthrodesis for Failed Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Kamrad Ilka , Henricson Anders , Magnusson Håkan , Carlsson Åke , Rosengren Björn E. 
Published: November 2015

Background: In cases with total ankle replacement (TAR) failure, a decision between revision TAR and salvage arthrodesis (SA) must be made. In a previous study, we analyzed revision TAR and found low functional outcome and satisfaction. The aims of the current study were to analyze SA concerning failure rate and patient-related outcome measures (PROMs). Methods: Until September 2014, a total of 1110 primary TARs were recorded in the Swedish Ankle Registry. Of the 188 failures, 118 were revised with SA (and 70 with revision TAR). Patient- and implant-specific data for SA cases were analyzed as well as arthrodesis techniques. Failure of SA was defined as repeat arthrodesis or amputation. Generic and region-specific PROMs of 68 patients alive with a solid unilateral SA performed more than 1 year before were analyzed. Results: The first-attempt solid arthrodesis rate of SA was 90%. Overall, 25 of 53 (47%) patients were very satisfied or satisfied. Mean Self-reported Foot and Ankle Score (SEFAS) was 22 (95% confidence interval 20-24), Euro Qol–5 Dimensions 0.57 (0.49-0.65), Euro Qol–Visual Analogue Scale 59 (53-64), Short Form-36 physical 34 (31-37) and mental 50 (46-54). The scores and satisfaction were similar to those after revision TAR but the reoperation rate was significantly lower in SA ( P < .05). Conclusion: Salvage arthrodesis after failed TAR had a solid arthrodesis rate of 90% at first attempt, but similar to revision TAR, less than 50% of the patients were satisfied and the functional scores were low. Until studies show true benefit of revision TAR over SA, we favor SA for failed TAR. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Glial response in the central nervous system of cats with feline infectious peritonitis
Authors: Mesquita Leonardo P , Hora Aline S , de Siqueira Adriana , Salvagni Fernanda A , Brandão Paulo E , Maiorka Paulo C 
Published: November 2015

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate central nervous system (CNS) lesions in non-effusive and effusive cases of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) regarding aspects related to astrocytic and microglial reactions. Methods Five necropsied cats that were naturally infected with FIP virus, confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, with different intensities of CNS lesions, were studied. Brain and cerebellum were evaluated by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin to assess astrocytic morphology, and lectin histochemistry for Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I) to detect microglia was performed to evaluate the glial response in the CNS of cats with FIP. Results An important astrocytic response in many areas of the CNS of all cats, including the periventricular areas of lateral ventricles and fourth ventricle, the molecular layer of the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, was visualized. This astrocytic reactivity was associated with areas of granulomatous or pyogranulomatous vasculitis/perivasculitis in most cases, and it was characterized by multifocal to coalescing astrocytosis and astrogliosis with an increase in the expression of intermediate filaments, such as GFAP. However, astrocytes exhibited strong vimentin expression in neuroparenchyma with severe inflammatory and necrotic changes, but GFAP expression was mild or absent in these cases. A microglial response was present only in severe lesions, and RCA-I expression was detected primarily in gitter cells and resting microglia. Conclusions and relevance The present study indicates a strong astrocytic response, including the presence of many less differentiated vimentin-positive astrocytes and gitter cells positive for RCA-1 in severe lesions in the CNS of cats with FIP.
Morbidity pattern by age, sex and breed in insured cats in Japan (2008–2013)
Authors: Inoue Mai , Hasegawa Atsuhiko , Sugiura Katsuaki 
Published: November 2015

Objectives The aim of the study was to describe the morbidity pattern of different diagnostic categories in insured cats in Japan by age, sex and breed. Methods The annual incidence rates of having at least one insurance claim were calculated overall and stratified by diagnosis, age, sex and breed using data from insured cats in the period April 2008 to March 2013. Results The overall annual incidence rate of having at least one insurance claim was 4632 (95% confidence interval 4608–4656) cats per 10,000 cat-years at risk. The highest annual incidence rate was obtained for digestive system disorders, followed by urinary tract disorders and dermatological disorders. The incidence rates varied between breeds for most diagnostic categories: for cardiovascular system disorders, Scottish Fold, American Shorthair, Persian, Maine Coon, Norwegian Forest Cat, Ragdoll and Bengal had a higher annual incidence rate than crossbreeds. Conclusions and relevance This study provides comparative and quantitative estimates of morbidity pattern in insured Japanese cats. These estimates can be utilised by veterinary practitioners, breeders and owners in diagnostic decision-making, breeding and when selecting a new pet, respectively.