bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric Extinction Coefficients in the Ic Band for Several Major International Observatories: Results from the BiSON Telescopes, 1984–2016
Authors: Hale S. J. , Chaplin W. J. , Davies G. R. , Elsworth Y. P. , Howe R. , Lund M. N. , Moxon E. Z. , Thomas A. , Pallé P. L. , Rhodes E. J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Over 30 years of solar data have been acquired by the Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON), an international network of telescopes used to study oscillations of the Sun. Five of the six BiSON telescopes are located at major observatories. The observational sites are, in order of increasing longitude: Mount Wilson (Hale) Observatory (MWO), California, USA; Las Campanas Observatory, Chile; Observatorio del Teide, Izaña, Tenerife, Canary Islands; the South African Astronomical Observatory, Sutherland, South Africa; Carnarvon, Western Australia; and the Paul Wild Observatory, Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia. The BiSON data may be used to measure atmospheric extinction coefficients in the

band (approximately 700–900 nm), and presented here are the derived atmospheric extinction coefficients from each site over the years 1984–2016.
Formation of Wide-orbit Gas Giants Near the Stability Limit in Multi-stellar Systems
Authors: Higuchi A. , Ida S. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We have investigated the formation of a circumstellar wide-orbit gas giant planet in a multiple stellar system. We consider a model of orbital circularization for the core of a giant planet after it is scattered from an inner disk region by a more massive planet, which was proposed by Kikuchi et al. We extend their model for single star systems to binary (multiple) star systems, by taking into account tidal truncation of the protoplanetary gas disk by a binary companion. As an example, we consider a wide-orbit gas giant in a hierarchical triple system, HD131399Ab. The best-fit orbit of the planet is that with semimajor axis ∼80 au and eccentricity ∼0.35. As the binary separation is ∼350 au, it is very close to the stability limit, which is puzzling. With the original core location ∼20–30 au, the core (planet) mass ∼50 M
E and the disk truncation radius ∼150 au, our model reproduces the best-fit orbit of HD131399Ab. We find that the orbit after the circularization is usually close to the stability limit against the perturbations from the binary companion, because the scattered core accretes gas from the truncated disk. Our conclusion can also be applied to wider or more compact binary systems if the separation is not too large and another planet with ≳20–30 Earth masses that scattered the core existed in inner region of the system.
B-ducted Heating of Black Widow Companions
Authors: Sanchez Nicolas , Romani Roger W. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The companions of evaporating binary pulsars (black widows and related systems) show optical emission suggesting strong heating. In a number of cases, large observed temperatures and asymmetries are inconsistent with direct radiative heating for the observed pulsar spindown power and expected distance. Here we describe a heating model in which the pulsar wind sets up an intrabinary shock (IBS) against the companion wind and magnetic field, and a portion of the shock particles duct along this field to the companion magnetic poles. We show that a variety of heating patterns, and improved fits to the observed light curves, can be obtained at expected pulsar distances and luminosities, at the expense of a handful of model parameters. We test this “IBS-B” model against three well-observed binaries and comment on the implications for system masses.
Smooth Optical Self-similar Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Lipunov Vladimir , Simakov Sergey , Gorbovskoy Evgeny , Vlasenko Daniil 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We offer a new type of calibration for gamma-ray bursts (GRB), in which some class of GRB can be marked and share a common behavior. We name this behavior Smooth Optical Self-similar Emission (SOS-similar Emission) and identify this subclasses of GRBs with optical light curves described by a universal scaling function.
Are Complex Magnetic Field Structures Responsible for the Confined X-class Flares in Super Active Region 12192?
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Ting , Chen Huadong 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
From 2014 October 19 to 27, six X-class flares occurred in super active region (AR) 12192. They were all confined flares and were not followed by coronal mass ejections. To examine the structures of the four flares close to the solar disk center from October 22 to 26, we firstly employ composite triple-time images in each flare process to display the stratified structure of these flare loops. The loop structures of each flare in both the lower (171 Å) and higher (131 Å) temperature channels are complex, e.g., the flare loops rooting at flare ribbons are sheared or twisted (enwound) together, and the complex structures were not destroyed during the flares. For the first flare, although the flare loop system appears as a spindle shape, we can estimate its structures from observations, with lengths ranging from 130 to 300 Mm, heights from 65 to 150 Mm, widths at the middle part of the spindle from 40 to 100 Mm, and shear angles from 16° to 90°. Moreover, the flare ribbons display irregular movements, such as the left ribbon fragments of the flare on October 22 sweeping a small region repeatedly, and both ribbons of the flare on October 26 moved along the same direction instead of separating from each other. These irregular movements also imply that the corresponding flare loops are complex, e.g., several sets of flare loops are twisted together. Although previous studies have suggested that the background magnetic fields prevent confined flares from erupting,based on these observations, we suggest that complex flare loop structures may be responsible for these confined flares.
A Multi-wavelength Study of the Turbulent Central Engine of the Low-mass AGN Hosted by NGC 404
Authors: Nyland Kristina , Davis Timothy A. , Nguyen Dieu D. , Seth Anil , Wrobel Joan M. , Kamble Atish , Lacy Mark , Alatalo Katherine , Karovska Margarita , Maksym W. Peter , Mukherjee Dipanjan , Young Lisa M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The nearby dwarf galaxy NGC 404 harbors a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus powered by the lowest-mass (<150,000 M
⊙) central massive black hole (MBH), with a dynamical mass constraint, currently known, thus providing a rare low-redshift analog to the MBH “seeds” that formed in the early universe. Here, we present new imaging of the nucleus of NGC 404 at 12–18 GHz with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and observations of the CO(2–1) line with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). For the first time, we have successfully resolved the nuclear radio emission, revealing a centrally peaked, extended source spanning 17 pc. Combined with previous VLA observations, our new data place a tight constraint on the radio spectral index and indicate an optically thin synchrotron origin for the emission. The peak of the resolved radio source coincides with the dynamical center of NGC 404, the center of a rotating disk of molecular gas, and the position of a compact, hard X-ray source. We also present evidence for shocks in the NGC 404 nucleus from archival narrowband HST imaging, Chandra X-ray data, and Spitzer mid-infrared spectroscopy, and discuss possible origins for the shock excitation. Given the morphology, location, and steep spectral index of the resolved radio source, as well as constraints on nuclear star formation from the ALMA CO(2–1) data, we find the most likely scenario for the origin of the radio source in the center of NGC 404 to be a radio outflow associated with a confined jet driven by the active nucleus.
A Database of Flare Ribbon Properties from the Solar Dynamics Observatory. I. Reconnection Flux
Authors: Kazachenko Maria D. , Lynch Benjamin J. , Welsch Brian T. , Sun Xudong 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present a database of 3137 solar flare ribbon events corresponding to every flare of GOES class C1.0 and greater within 45° from the central meridian, from 2010 April until 2016 April, observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory. For every event in the database, we compare the GOES peak X-ray flux with the corresponding active region and flare ribbon properties. We find that while the peak X-ray flux is not correlated with the active region unsigned magnetic flux, it is strongly correlated with the flare ribbon reconnection flux, flare ribbon area, and the fraction of active region flux that undergoes reconnection. We find the relationship between the peak X-ray flux and the flare ribbon reconnection flux to be

. This scaling law is consistent with earlier hydrodynamic simulations of impulsively heated flare loops. Using the flare reconnection flux as a proxy for the total released flare energy E, we find that the occurrence frequency of flare energies follows a power-law dependence:

for

, consistent with earlier studies of solar and stellar flares. The database is available online and can be used for future quantitative studies of flares.
Probing the Dependence of the Intergalactic Medium on Large-scale Environment Using the Low-redshift Lyα Forest
Authors: Tonnesen Stephanie , Smith Britton D. , Kollmeier Juna A. , Cen Renyue 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We examine the statistics of the low-redshift Lyα forest in a cosmological hydrodynamic simulation using adaptive mesh refinement that has sufficient volume to include distinct large-scale environments. We compare our H i column density distribution of absorbers both with recent work and between two highly refined regions of our simulation: a large-scale overdensity and a large-scale underdensity (on scales of approximately 20 Mpc). We recover the average results presented by Kollmeier et al. using different simulation methods. We further break down these results as a function of environment to examine the detailed dependence of absorber statistics on large-scale density. We find that the slope of the H i column density distribution (CDD) in the range

≤

/cm−2 ≤

depends on environment such that the slope becomes steeper for higher environmental density, and this difference reflects distinct physical conditions of the intergalactic medium (IGM) on these scales. We track this difference to the different temperature structures of filaments in varying environments. Specifically, filaments in the overdensity are hotter, and correspondingly are composed of gas with lower H i fractions than those in underdense environments. Our results highlight that in order to understand the physics driving the H i CDD, we need not only improved accounting of the sources of ionizing UV photons, but also a clearer picture of the physical conditions of the IGM and how it may vary as a function of large-scale environment.
Critically Evaluated Energy Levels, Spectral Lines, Transition Probabilities, and Intensities of Neutral Vanadium (V i)
Authors: Saloman Edward B. , Kramida Alexander 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The energy levels, observed spectral lines, and transition probabilities of the neutral vanadium atom, V i, have been compiled. Also included are values for some forbidden lines that may be of interest to the astrophysical community. Experimental Landé g-factors and leading percentage compositions for the levels are included where available, as well as wavelengths calculated from the energy levels (Ritz wavelengths). Wavelengths are reported for 3985 transitions, and 549 energy levels are determined. The observed relative intensities normalized to a common scale are provided.
A Far-ultraviolet Fluorescent Molecular Hydrogen Emission Map of the Milky Way Galaxy
Authors: Jo Young-Soo , Seon Kwang-Il , Min Kyoung-Wook , Edelstein Jerry , Han Wonyong 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present the far-ultraviolet (FUV) fluorescent molecular hydrogen (H2) emission map of the Milky Way Galaxy obtained with FIMS/SPEAR covering ∼76% of the sky. The extinction-corrected intensity of the fluorescent H2 emission has a strong linear correlation with the well-known tracers of the cold interstellar medium (ISM), including color excess E(B–V), neutral hydrogen column density N(H i), and Hα emission. The all-sky H2 column density map was also obtained using a simple photodissociation region model and interstellar radiation fields derived from UV star catalogs. We estimated the fraction of H2 (f
H2) and the gas-to-dust ratio (GDR) of the diffuse ISM. The f
H2 gradually increases from <1% at optically thin regions where E(B–V) < 0.1 to ∼50% for E(B–V) = 3. The estimated GDR is ∼5.1 × 1021 atoms cm−2 mag−1, in agreement with the standard value of 5.8 × 1021 atoms cm−2 mag−1.
Long-term Photometric Variations in the Candidate White-dwarf Pulsar AR Scorpii from K2, CRTS, and ASAS-SN Observations
Authors: Littlefield Colin , Garnavich Peter , Kennedy Mark , Callanan Paul , Shappee Benjamin , Holoien Thomas 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We analyze long-cadence Kepler K2 observations of AR Sco from 2014, along with survey photometry obtained between 2005 and 2016 by the Catalina Real-Time Sky Survey and the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae. The K2 data show the orbital modulation to have been fairly stable during the 78 days of observations, but we detect aperiodic deviations from the average waveform with an amplitude of ∼2% on a timescale of a few days. A comparison of the K2 data with the survey photometry reveals that the orbital waveform gradually changed between 2005 and 2010, with the orbital maximum shifting to earlier phases. We compare these photometric variations with proposed models of this unusual system.
GEOMORFOLOGIA URBANA
Authors: De Melo Felippe Pessoa 
Published: August 2017

O livro foi organizado por Antonio José Teixeira Guerra, tendo como colaboradores, Antonio Soares da Silva, Rosângela Garrido Machado Botelho, Maria do Carmo Oliveira Jorge, Helena Polivanov, Emílio Velloso Barroso, Orlando Ricardo Graeff e Raphael David dos Santos Filho. O texto tem como eixo balizador as ações antropogênicas no relevo urbano. Para tanto a obra foi estruturada em 7 capítulos, sendo eles: Encostas Urbanas, Solos Urbanos, Bacias Hidrográficas Urbanas, Geomorfologia Urbana: conceitos, metodologias e teorias, Geotecnia Urbana, Licenciamento Ambiental Urbano e Antropogeomorfologia Urbana.
STAT1 Is Required for Suppression of Type 17 Immunity during Influenza and Bacterial Superinfection
Authors: Lee Benjamin , Gopal Radha , Manni Michelle L , McHugh Kevin J , Mandalapu Sivanarayana , Robinson Keven M , Alcorn John F 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Influenza is an annual, global healthcare concern. Secondary bacterial pneumonia is a severe complication associated with primary influenza virus infection that often results in critical morbidity and mortality. We have identified influenza-induced suppression of antibacterial type 17 immunity as a mechanism for enhanced susceptibility to bacterial superinfection. We have shown that influenza-induced type I IFN impairs type 17 activation. STAT1 is a transcription factor involved in IFN signaling that is shared by types I, II, and III IFN. In this study, we investigated the role of STAT1 signaling during influenza and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus superinfection. STAT1−/− mice had increased morbidity and airway inflammation compared with control mice during influenza monoinfection. Despite this worsened antiviral response, STAT1−/− mice were protected from superinfection bacterial burden and mortality compared with controls. Type 17 immune activation was increased in lymphocytes in STAT1−/− mice during superinfection. The elevation in type 17 immunity was not related to increased IL-23 production, because type I IFN could inhibit IL-23 expression in a STAT1-independent manner. STAT1−/− APCs were inherently biased toward type 17 polarization compared with control cells. Further, STAT1−/− dendritic cells produced attenuated IL-6 and TNF-α upon heat-killed S. aureus stimulation compared with control. Overall, these data indicate that STAT1 signaling plays a detrimental role in influenza and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus superinfection by controlling the magnitude of type 17 immune activation.
Cutting Edge: Murine NK Cells Degranulate and Retain Cytotoxic Function without Store-Operated Calcium Entry
Authors: Freund-Brown Jacquelyn , Choa Ruth , Singh Brenal K. , Robertson Tanner Ford , Ferry Gabrielle M. , Viver Eric , Bassiri Hamid , Burkhardt Janis K. , Kambayashi Taku 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Sustained Ca2+ signaling, known as store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), occurs downstream of immunoreceptor engagement and is critical for cytotoxic lymphocyte signaling and effector function. CD8+ T cells require sustained Ca2+ signaling for inflammatory cytokine production and the killing of target cells; however, much less is known about its role in NK cells. In this study, we use mice deficient in stromal interacting molecules 1 and 2, which are required for SOCE, to examine the contribution of sustained Ca2+ signaling to murine NK cell function. Surprisingly, we found that, although SOCE is required for NK cell IFN-γ production in an NFAT-dependent manner, NK cell degranulation/cytotoxicity and tumor rejection in vivo remained intact in the absence of sustained Ca2+ signaling. Our data suggest that mouse NK cells use different signaling mechanisms for cytotoxicity compared with other cytotoxic lymphocytes.
Deep Immune Profiling of an Arginine-Enriched Nutritional Intervention in Patients Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Aghaeepour Nima , Kin Cindy , Ganio Edward A. , Jensen Kent P. , Gaudilliere Dyani K. , Tingle Martha , Tsai Amy , Lancero Hope L. , Choisy Benjamin , McNeil Leslie S. , Okada Robin , Shelton Andrew A. , Nolan Garry P. , Angst Martin S. , Gaudilliere Brice L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractApplication of high-content immune profiling technologies has enormous potential to advance medicine. Whether these technologies reveal pertinent biology when implemented in interventional clinical trials is an important question. The beneficial effects of preoperative arginine-enriched dietary supplements (AES) are highly context specific, as they reduce infection rates in elective surgery, but possibly increase morbidity in critically ill patients. This study combined single-cell mass cytometry with the multiplex analysis of relevant plasma cytokines to comprehensively profile the immune-modifying effects of this much-debated intervention in patients undergoing surgery. An elastic net algorithm applied to the high-dimensional mass cytometry dataset identified a cross-validated model consisting of 20 interrelated immune features that separated patients assigned to AES from controls. The model revealed wide-ranging effects of AES on innate and adaptive immune compartments. Notably, AES increased STAT1 and STAT3 signaling responses in lymphoid cell subsets after surgery, consistent with enhanced adaptive mechanisms that may protect against postsurgical infection. Unexpectedly, AES also increased ERK and P38 MAPK signaling responses in monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which was paired with their pronounced expansion. These results provide novel mechanistic arguments as to why AES may exert context-specific beneficial or adverse effects in patients with critical illness. This study lays out an analytical framework to distill high-dimensional datasets gathered in an interventional clinical trial into a fairly simple model that converges with known biology and provides insight into novel and clinically relevant cellular mechanisms.
DOCK8 Drives Src-Dependent NK Cell Effector Function
Authors: Kearney Conor J. , Vervoort Stephin J. , Ramsbottom Kelly M. , Freeman Andrew J. , Michie Jessica , Peake Jane , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Picard Capucine , Tangye Stuart G. , Ma Cindy S. , Johnstone Ricky W. , Randall Katrina L. , Oliaro Jane 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Mutations in the dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) gene cause an autosomal recessive form of hyper-IgE syndrome, characterized by chronic immunodeficiency with persistent microbial infection and increased incidence of malignancy. These manifestations suggest a defect in cytotoxic lymphocyte function and immune surveillance. However, how DOCK8 regulates NK cell–driven immune responses remains unclear. In this article, we demonstrate that DOCK8 regulates NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production in response to target cell engagement or receptor ligation. Genetic ablation of DOCK8 in human NK cells attenuated cytokine transcription and secretion through inhibition of Src family kinase activation, particularly Lck, downstream of target cell engagement or NKp30 ligation. PMA/Ionomycin treatment of DOCK8-deficient NK cells rescued cytokine production, indicating a defect proximal to receptor ligation. Importantly, NK cells from DOCK8-deficient patients had attenuated production of IFN-γ and TNF-α upon NKp30 stimulation. Taken together, we reveal a novel molecular mechanism by which DOCK8 regulates NK cell–driven immunity.
Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis–Specific Cells Using MHC Class II Tetramers Reveals Phenotypic Differences Related to HIV Infection and Tuberculosis Disease
Authors: Strickland Natalie , Müller Tracey L. , Berkowitz Natacha , Goliath Rene , Carrington Mary N. , Wilkinson Robert J. , Burgers Wendy A. , Riou Catherine 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A major challenge for the development of an effective vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) is that the attributes of protective CD4+ T cell responses are still elusive for human TB. Infection with HIV type 1 is a major risk factor for TB, and a better understanding of HIV-induced alterations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis–specific CD4+ T cells that leads to failed host resistance may provide insight into protective T cell immunity to TB. A total of 86 participants from a TB-endemic setting, either HIV-infected or uninfected and with latent or active TB (aTB), were screened using M. tuberculosis–specific MHC class II tetramers. We examined the phenotype as well as function of ex vivo M. tuberculosis–specific tetramer+CD4+ T cells using flow cytometry. The numbers of M. tuberculosis–specific tetramer+CD4+ T cells were relatively well maintained in HIV-infected persons with aTB, despite severe immunodeficiency. However, although HIV-uninfected persons with latent TB infection exhibited ex vivo M. tuberculosis–specific CD4+ T cells predominantly of a CXCR3+CCR6+CCR4− (Th1*) phenotype, aTB or HIV infection was associated with a contraction of this subset. Nevertheless, in individuals with aTB and/or HIV infection, circulating ex vivo M. tuberculosis–specific CD4+ T cells did not display defects in exhaustion or polyfunctionality compared with healthy HIV-uninfected individuals with latent TB infection. Collectively, these data suggest that increased susceptibility to TB disease could be related to a loss of circulating Th1* CD4+ T cells rather than major changes in the number or function of circulating CD4+ T cells.