bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic, Medical, and Psychosocial Predictors of Pregnancy Anxiety
Authors: Dunkel Schetter Christine , Niles Andrea N. , Guardino Christine M. , Khaled Mona , Kramer Michael S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy anxiety is associated with risk of preterm birth and an array of other birth, infant, and childhood outcomes. However, previous research has not helped identify those pregnant women at greatest risk of experiencing this specific, contextually‐based affective condition.MethodsWe examined associations between demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors and pregnancy anxiety at 24–26 weeks of gestation in a prospective, multicentre cohort study of 5271 pregnant women in Montreal, Canada.ResultsMultivariate analyses indicated that higher pregnancy anxiety was independently related to having an unintended pregnancy, first birth, higher medical risk, and higher perceived risk of complications. Among psychosocial variables, higher pregnancy anxiety was associated with lower perceived control of pregnancy, lower commitment to the pregnancy, more stressful life events, higher perceived stress, presence of job stress, lower self‐esteem and more social support. Pregnancy anxiety was also higher in women who had experienced early income adversity and those who did not speak French as their primary language. Psychosocial variables explained a significant amount of the variance in pregnancy anxiety independently of demographic and medical variables.ConclusionsWomen with pregnancy‐related risk factors, stress of various kinds, and other psychosocial factors experienced higher pregnancy anxiety in this large Canadian sample. Some of the unique predictors of pregnancy anxiety match those of earlier US studies, while others point in new directions. Screening for high pregnancy anxiety may be warranted, particularly among women giving birth for the first time and those with high‐risk pregnancies.
Upper airway microbial colonization in patients with neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Stehling Florian , Pieper Nadine , Bouikidis Anastasios , Steinmann Joerg , Rath Peter‐Michael , Mellies Uwe 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground and objectiveInherited neuromuscular disorders (NMD) inevitably result in severe lung volume restriction and cough insufficiency associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate whether the airways of patients with NMD are colonized with potential pathogenic microorganisms that might contribute to the pulmonary morbidity in NMD.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, cough swabs were obtained and cultured for microbiological analyses from 77 patients with NMD and different degrees of lung volume restriction and cough insufficiency. Upper airway microbial colonization was compared to lung function parameters and cough peak flow values.ResultsUpper airway microbial colonization with potential pathogenic pathogens was identified in 39/77 (51%) of the subjects. Upper airway microbial colonization was associated with lower forced vital capacity (% pred.) 26.6 ± 19.7 versus 41.8 ± 20.4, P < 0.001 and cough peak flow (l/min) 125 ± 55 versus 207 ± 100, P < 0.001. In the subgroup colonized with potential pathogenic Gram‐negative bacteria or Staphylococcus aureus forced vital capacity and cough peak flow remained significantly lower compared with subjects without upper airway colonization (FVC (% pred.): 22.6 ± 16.5 vs 37.9 ± 21.5, P = 0.003; CPF (l/min): 123 ± 60 vs 179 ± 93, P = 0.013).ConclusionSevere respiratory compromise in patients with NMD is associated with upper airway microbial airway colonization, which might contribute to respiratory morbidity/insufficiency.
Understanding the Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital: Evidence from a Quasi‐natural Experiment in China
Authors: Zhou Dong , Dasgupta Aparajita 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper exploits the closure of senior secondary schools in urban China from 1966 to 1971 in order to identify the causal intergenerational transmission effects of education. The paper uses the instrumental variable approach to examine the intergenerational causality of educational transmission at the senior secondary schooling level in urban China. The exogenous variation in parental senior secondary educational attainment both over time and across regions allows us account for selection bias and thus identify the causal intergenerational transmission effect in education. We further show that our conclusion is robust to alternative identification strategies and data sets.
Patient involvement in research priorities (PIRE): a study protocol
Authors: Piil Karin , Jarden Mary 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPatient involvement in healthcare has expanded from the clinical practice setting to include collaboration during the research process. There has been a growing international interest in patient and public involvement in setting research priorities to reduce the risk of discrepancy between what patients with cancer and their relatives experience as important unanswered questions and those which are actually researched. This study aims to challenge the conventional research process by inviting patients with life-threatening cancer (primary malignant brain tumours or acute leukaemia), relatives and patient organisations to join forces with clinical specialists and researchers to identify, discuss and prioritise supportive care and rehabilitation issues in future research.Methods and analysisThis is an exploratory qualitative study comprising two sets of three focus group interviews (FGIs): one set for primary malignant brain tumours and the other for acute leukaemia. Separate FGIs will be carried out with patients and relatives including representation from patient organisations and clinical specialists to identify important unanswered questions and research topics within each group. The FGIs will be video/audio recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. This study will contribute to a patient-centred research agenda that captures issues that patients, their relatives, clinical specialists and researchers consider important.Ethics and disseminationThe study is registered at the Danish Data Protection Agency (number: 2012-58-0004) and the Scientific Ethics Review Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (number: H-15001485). Papers will be published describing the methods applied and the supportive care and rehabilitation issues that are identified as important for future research.Trial registration numberISRCTN57131943; Pre-results.
Moving forward through consensus: protocol for a modified Delphi approach to determine the top research priorities in the field of orthopaedic oncology
Authors: Schneider Patricia , Evaniew Nathan , Rendon Juan Sebastian , McKay Paula , Randall R Lor , Turcotte Robert , Vélez Roberto , Bhandari Mohit , Ghert Michelle 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionOrthopaedic oncology researchers face several obstacles in the design and execution of randomised controlled trials, including finite fiscal resources to support the rising costs of clinical research and insufficient patient volume at individual sites. As a result, high-quality research to guide clinical practice has lagged behind other surgical subspecialties. A focused approach is imperative to design a research programme that is economical, streamlined and addresses clinically relevant endpoints. The primary objective of this study will be to use a consensus-based approach to identify research priorities for international clinical trials in orthopaedic oncology.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a 3-phase modified Delphi method consisting of 2 sequential rounds of anonymous web-based questionnaires (phases I and II), and an in-person consensus meeting (phase III). Participants will suggest research questions that they believe are of particular importance to the field (phase I), and individually rate each proposed question on 5 criteria (phase II). Research questions that meet predetermined consensus thresholds will be brought forward to the consensus meeting (phase III) for discussion by an expert panel. Following these discussions, the expert panel will be asked to assign scores for each research question, and research questions meeting predetermined criteria will be brought forward for final ranking. The expert panel will then be asked to rank the top 3 research questions, and these 3 research questions will be distributed to the initial group of participants for validation.Ethics and disseminationAn ethics application is currently under review with the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The results of this initiative will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
Validation evidence of the paediatric Objective Structured Assessment of Debriefing (OSAD) tool
Authors: Runnacles Jane , Thomas Libby , Korndorffer James , Arora Sonal , Sevdalis Nick 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDebriefing is essential to maximise the simulation-based learning experience, but until recently, there was little guidance on an effective paediatric debriefing. A debriefing assessment tool, Objective Structured Assessment of Debriefing (OSAD), has been developed to measure the quality of feedback in paediatric simulation debriefings. This study gathers and evaluates the validity evidence of OSAD with reference to the contemporary hypothesis-driven approach to validity.MethodsExpert input on the paediatric OSAD tool from 10 paediatric simulation facilitators provided validity evidence based on content and feasibility (phase 1). Evidence for internal structure validity was sought by examining reliability of scores from video ratings of 35 postsimulation debriefings; and evidence for validity based on relationship to other variables was sought by comparing results with trainee ratings of the same debriefings (phase 2).ResultsSimulation experts’ scores were significantly positive regarding the content of OSAD and its instructions. OSAD's feasibility was demonstrated with positive comments regarding clarity and application. Inter-rater reliability was demonstrated with intraclass correlations above 0.45 for 6 of the 7 dimensions of OSAD. The internal consistency of OSAD (Cronbach α) was 0.78. Pearson correlation of trainee total score with OSAD total score was 0.82 (p<0.001) demonstrating validity evidence based on relationships to other variables.ConclusionThe paediatric OSAD tool provides a structured approach to debriefing, which is evidence-based, has multiple sources of validity evidence and is relevant to end-users. OSAD may be used to improve the quality of debriefing after paediatric simulations.
Home safety assessment and modification to reduce injurious falls in community-dwelling older adults: cost-utility and equity analysis
Authors: Pega Frank , Kvizhinadze Giorgi , Blakely Tony , Atkinson June , Wilson Nick 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThis study aimed to improve on previous modelling work to determine the health gain, cost-utility and health equity impacts from home safety assessment and modification (HSAM) for reducing injurious falls in older people.MethodsThe model was a Markov macrosimulation one that estimated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. The setting was a country with detailed epidemiological and cost data (New Zealand (NZ)) for 2011. A health system perspective was taken and a discount rate of 3% was used (for both health gain and costs). Intervention effectiveness estimates came from a Cochrane systematic review and NZ-specific intervention costs were from a randomised controlled trial.ResultsIn the 65 years and above age group, the HSAM programme cost a total of US$98 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI) US$65 to US$139 million) to implement nationally and the accrued net health system costs were US$74 million (95% UI: cost saving to US$132 million). Health gains were 34 000 QALYs (95% UI: 5000 to 65 000). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was US$6000 (95% UI: cost saving to US$13 000), suggesting that HSAM is highly cost-effective. Targeting HSAM only to older people with previous injurious falls and to older people aged 75 years and above were also cost-effective (ICERs=US$1000 and US$11 000, respectively). There was no evidence for differential cost-effectiveness by gender or by ethnicity (Indigenous New Zealanders: Māori vs non-Māori).ConclusionsAs per other studies, this modelling study indicates that the provision of an HSAM intervention produces considerable health gain and is highly cost-effective among older people. Targeting this intervention to older people with previous injurious falls is a promising initial approach before any scale up.Trial registration numberACTRN12609000779279.
Successful nutritional management of a 21‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding with acute renal failure
Authors: Vandendriessche Veerle Ludmilla , Dufourni Alexander , van Loon Gunther , Hesta Myriam 
Published: May 2016

A 21‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding was diagnosed with acute renal failure after an acute kidney injury. Upon discharge a nutritional recommendation was given with the aim to minimise risk for chronic renal failure development by optimally supporting kidney function. A ration was designed to achieve weight gain, to decrease retention of renal toxic solutes from protein catabolism by limiting protein intake, to avoid gastric ulcer development by limiting sugar and starch intake per meal to 1.5 g/kg of ideal bodyweight, to supply ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for their kidney protective properties and restrict dietary calcium uptake to avoid hypercalcaemia development. Three months after implementing the recommendation the horse's ideal bodyweight was reached, muscle mass was regained and its renal blood parameters were normalised. Biannual blood checks with a nutritional recommendation to maintain bodyweight in a healthy horse were applied hereafter.
Investigations of defect structures and g factors for octahedral (CrO6)7− and (VO6)8− clusters in rutile-type crystals
Authors: Zhu Lianxuan , Wang Minjie 
Published: May 2016

The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) [Formula: see text] factor formulas for Cr[Formula: see text] and V[Formula: see text] ions in Al2O3, TiO2 and VO2 crystals are deduced from Jahn–Teller effect and contributions of the charge transfer (CT) levels. The tetragonal distortions. [Formula: see text] and −0.0124 nm, and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and 0[Formula: see text], for Al2O3:Cr[Formula: see text], TiO2:V[Formula: see text] and VO2, respectively. The calculations of the [Formula: see text] factors agree well with the experimental values. The contributions of the CT levels to [Formula: see text] factors increase with the increasing valence state. It must be taken into account in the precise calculations of [Formula: see text] factors for the high valence state [Formula: see text] ions in crystals.
Rationale for Developing a Specimen Bank to Study the Pathogenesis of High-Grade Serous Carcinoma: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Sherman Mark E. , Drapkin Ronny I. , Horowitz Neil S. , Crum Christopher P. , Friedman Sue , Kwon Janice S. , Levine Douglas A. , Shih Ie-Ming , Shoupe Donna , Swisher Elizabeth M. , Walker Joan , Trabert Britton , Greene Mark H. , Samimi Goli , Temkin Sarah M. , Minasian Lori M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Women with clinically detected high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) generally present with advanced-stage disease, which portends a poor prognosis, despite extensive surgery and intensive chemotherapy. Historically, HGSCs were presumed to arise from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), but the inability to identify early-stage HGSCs and their putative precursors in the ovary dimmed prospects for advancing our knowledge of the pathogenesis of these tumors and translating these findings into effective prevention strategies. Over the last decade, increased BRCA1/2 mutation testing coupled with performance of risk-reducing surgeries has enabled studies that have provided strong evidence that many, but probably not all, HGSCs among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers appear to arise from the fallopian tubes, rather than from the ovaries. This shift in our understanding of the pathogenesis of HGSCs provides an important opportunity to achieve practice changing advances; however, the scarcity of clinically annotated tissues containing early lesions, particularly among women at average risk, poses challenges to progress. Accordingly, we review studies that have kindled our evolving understanding of the pathogenesis of HGSC and present the rationale for developing an epidemiologically annotated national specimen resource to support this research. Cancer Prev Res; 9(9); 713–20. ©2016 AACR.
Bridges and Breaches in the History of European Spirituality
Authors: Bos David J. , Rouwhorst Gerard 
Published: May 2016

Introduction to a double thematic issue, the second part of which will appear in print in 2017. The authors argue that a truly historical understanding of spirituality is complicated by the historical claims of present-day proponents of spirituality, as well by the commonplace that “spirituality” is distinct from, or an alternative to “institutional religion.” This conceptual opposition itself merits scholarly analysis, as do appropriations of the past – both being indicative of the self-understanding of those involved.
Modeling Financial Losses Resulting from Tornadoes in European Countries
Authors: Grieser Jürgen , Terenzi Francesca 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Tornadoes are a notorious, common threat to human life and property in the United States. Although less common, violent tornadoes are also reported in Europe. The authors aim for an estimation of the average annual loss ratio of European buildings due to tornadoes. An aggregated loss model is used that takes as input the tornado intensity distribution over the Fujita scale (F scale), the distribution of tornado footprint sizes per F class, the vulnerability of European buildings, and the average occurrence rate of tornadoes. Information about these variables is taken from the European Severe Weather Database and, where needed, from the U.S. Storm Prediction Center tornado database, which contains about 16 times more records. However, both databases are biased. Weak tornadoes are underrepresented. Therefore a bias-corrected tornado intensity distribution is used, with its uncertainty taken from the literature. Individual tornadoes are modeled as moving Rankine vortices creating elliptic footprints with correlated length and width. This allows for the estimation of the area fraction of a tornado footprint with lower wind speeds than the maximum wind speed, which is generally used to attribute an intensity. This approach is applied to define effective vulnerability functions of European buildings. A major result is that an expected 90% of the tornadoes contribute only about 1% to the average loss, while the rare F4 tornadoes contribute more than 40% of losses. Given that most national tornado databases in Europe contain tornado records for recent years only and few (if any) violent tornadoes, observed losses can lead to a remarkable underestimation of tornado risk in Europe.
Pathologic Findings of the Cochlea in Labyrinthitis Ossificans Associated with the Round Window Membrane
Authors: Kaya Serdar , Paparella Michael M. , Cureoglu Sebahattin 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo quantitatively demonstrate and classify the histopathologic changes in the cochlea of the human temporal bones with labyrinthitis ossificans (LO).Study DesignComparative human temporal bone study.SettingTertiary academic medical center.Subjects and MethodsWe compared 23 temporal bone specimens from 19 deceased donors with LO associated with the round window membrane (RWM) and 27 age‐matched specimens from 20 deceased donors without any otologic diseases. We focused on the location of LO in the inner ear, the intensity of endolymphatic hydrops, the number of spiral ganglion cells and cochlear hair cells, and the areas of the stria vascularis and spiral ligament. In addition, we created a new pathologic grading system for temporal bone specimens from deceased donors with LO associated with the RWM.ResultsWe most often observed LO in the scala tympani of the basal cochlear turn. In the LO group (as compared with the control group), the intensity of endolymphatic hydrops was significantly increased; the number of spiral ganglion cells was significantly decreased in all segments; the loss of outer and inner hair cells was significantly increased in all turns of the cochlea; the atrophy of the stria vascularis was significantly greater in all turns of the cochlea; and atrophy of the spiral ligament was significantly greater in the basal and middle cochlear turn.ConclusionLO was associated with significant cochlear damage (to the spiral ganglion cells, cochlear hair cells, stria vascularis, and spiral ligament) and with increased intensity of endolymphatic hydrops.
Therapeutic effect of JAK1/2 blockade on the manifestations of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in mice
Authors: Maschalidi Sophia , Sepulveda Fernando E. , Garrigue Alexandrine , Fischer Alain , de Saint Basile Geneviève 
Published: May 2016

Key PointsTreatment with clinical dose of JAK1/2 inhibitor (ruxolitinib) countered manifestations of HLH in 2 cytotoxicity-impaired murine models. JAK1/2 inhibitor therapy in mice is effective on survival, cytopenia, inflammatory syndrome, central nervous system involvement, and liver tissue repair.
The Effect of Lipid Emulsion on Pharmacokinetics of Bupivacaine in Rats: Long-Chain Triglyceride Versus Long- and Medium-Chain Triglyceride
Authors: Tang Wan , Wang Quanguang , Shi Kejian , Dong Jiaojiao , Lin Shengxian , Zhao Shishi , Wu Cong , Xia Yun , Papadimos Thomas J. , Xu Xuzhong 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND:
Lipid infusions have been proposed to treat local anesthetic–induced cardiac toxicity. This study compared the effects of long-chain triglyceride (LCT) emulsions with those of long- and medium-chain triglyceride (LCT/MCT) emulsions on the pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine in a rat model.

METHODS:
After administration of intravenous infusion of bupivacaine at 2 mg·kg−1·min−1 for 5 minutes in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, either Intralipid 20%, an LCT emulsion (LCT group, n = 6), or Lipovenoes 20%, an LCT/MCT emulsion (LCT/MCT group, n = 6), was infused at 2mg·kg−1·min−1 for 5 minutes. The concentrations of total plasma bupivacaine and bupivacaine that were not bound by lipid (lipid unbound) were measured by a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method. A 2-compartmental analysis was performed to calculate the lipid-bound percentage of bupivacaine and its pharmacokinetics.

RESULTS:
In the LCT group, the clearance (15 ± 2 vs 10 ± 1 mL·min−1·kg−1, P = .003) was higher; the volume of distribution (0.57 ± 0.10 vs 0.36 ± 0.11 L·kg−1, P = .007) and K21 (0.0100 ± 0.0018 vs 0.0070 ± 0.0020 min−1, P = .021, P′ = .032) were larger; and the area under the blood concentration–time curve 0 − t; (605 ± 82 vs 867 ± 110 mgL−1·min−1, P =.001) and the area under the blood concentration–time curve (0 − ∞) (697 ± 111 vs 991 ± 121 mgL−1·min−1, P =.001) were less, when compared with the LCT/MCT group.

CONCLUSIONS:
LCT emulsions are more effective than LCT/MCT emulsions in the metabolism of bupivacaine through demonstration of a superior pharmacokinetic profile.