bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of elevated temperature and dissolved ρCO2 on a marine foundation species
Authors: Speights Cori J. , Silliman Brian R. , McCoy Michael W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUnderstanding how climate change and other environmental stressors will affect species is a fundamental concern of modern ecology. Indeed, numerous studies have documented how climate stressors affect species distributions and population persistence. However, relatively few studies have investigated how multiple climate stressors might affect species. In this study, we investigate the impacts of how two climate change factors affect an important foundation species. Specifically, we tested how ocean acidification from dissolution of CO2 and increased sea surface temperatures affect multiple characteristics of juvenile eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). We found strong impacts of each stressor, but no interaction between the two. Simulated warming to mimic heat stressed summers reduced oyster growth, survival, and filtration rates. Additionally, we found that CO2‐induced acidification reduced strength of oyster shells, which could potentially facilitate crab predation. As past studies have detected few impacts of these stressors on adult oysters, these results indicate that early life stages of calcareous marine organisms may be more susceptible to effects of ocean acidification and global warming. Overall, these data show that predicted changes in temperature and CO2 can differentially influence direct effects on individual species, which could have important implications for the nature of their trophic interactions.
Population differences in host plant preference and the importance of yeast and plant substrate to volatile composition
Authors: Date Priya , Crowley‐Gall Amber , Diefendorf Aaron F. , Rollmann Stephanie M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDivergent selection between environments can result in changes to the behavior of an organism. In many insects, volatile compounds are a primary means by which host plants are recognized and shifts in plant availability can result in changes to host preference. Both the plant substrate and microorganisms can influence this behavior, and host plant choice can have an impact on the performance of the organism. In Drosophila mojavensis, four geographically isolated populations each use different cacti as feeding and oviposition substrates and identify those cacti by the composition of the volatile odorants emitted. Behavioral tests revealed D. mojavensis populations vary in their degree of preference for their natural host plant. Females from the Mojave population show a marked preference for their host plant, barrel cactus, relative to other cactus choices. When flies were given a choice between cacti that were not their host plant, the preference for barrel and organ pipe cactus relative to agria and prickly pear cactus was overall lower for all populations. Volatile headspace composition is influenced by the cactus substrate, microbial community, and substrate‐by‐microorganism interactions. Differences in viability, developmental time, thorax length, and dry body weight exist among populations and depend on cactus substrate and population‐by‐cactus interactions. However, no clear association between behavioral preference and performance was observed. This study highlights a complex interplay between the insect, host plant, and microbial community and the factors mediating insect host plant preference behavior.
Deploying Low‐carbon Technologies in Developing Countries: A view from India's buildings sector
Authors: Khosla Radhika , Sagar Ambuj , Mathur Ajay 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe climate change arena comprises a diverse set of interacting actors from international, national and local levels. The multilevel architecture has implications for low‐carbon technology deployment in developing countries, an issue salient to both development and climate objectives. The paper examines this theme through two inter‐related questions: how do (or don't) low‐carbon technologies get deployed in India's built environment, and what implications can be drawn from the Indian case for effective low‐carbon technology development and transfer for developing countries? By examining the multilevel linkages in India's buildings sector, the paper shows how the interactions between governance levels can both support and hinder technology deployment, ultimately leading to inadequate outcomes. The potential of these linkages is hobbled by aspects of the national context (federated energy governance and developing‐country capacity limitations), yet can also be enabled by other features (the climate policy context, which may motivate international actors to fill domestic capacity lacunae). Reflecting on the India case, the paper makes recommendations for improved low‐carbon technology deployment in developing countries: (1) technology development and transfer collaboration on a ‘need‐driven’ approach, (2) development of the specific types of capacity required across the entire innovation chain and (3) domestic strengthening of the coordination and agendas across and between governance levels. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Policy and Governance published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Carbonatite‐metasomatism signatures hidden in silicate‐metasomatized mantle xenoliths from NE China
Authors: Su Ben‐Xun , Zhou Xin‐Hua , Sun Yang , Ying Ji‐Feng , Sakyi Patrick Asamoah 
Published: April 2017

Lithium isotopes measured in situ in minerals from typical silicate‐metasomatized mantle xenoliths from NE China show that olivine has higher Li abundances of 1.2–4.0 ppm and higher δ7Li values of −0.12–15.46‰ than those in orthopyroxene (Li = 0.56–3.0 ppm; δ7Li = −11.84–7.31‰) and clinopyroxene (Li = 0.21–2.1 ppm; δ7Li = −9.81–14.75‰). The Li distributions between these coexisting minerals show a prominent signature of carbonatite metasomatism. The correlation of δ7Li with Li abundance in orthopyroxene is in accordance with petrological expectation of preferential reaction of orthopyroxene with carbonatite melt. The carbonatite metasomatic agent inferred from the Li isotope systematics is compatible with petrological and geochemical features such as the presence of apatite, appearance of wehrlite, and presence of high‐Mg# minerals and low Ti/Eu in clinopyroxene. The complicated Li isotope composition of olivine implies that carbonatite metasomatism occurred after silicate metasomatism. These features indicate that the predominant silicate metasomatism is extensively recorded by petrology, mineralogy, and geochemistry, whereas Li isotope systematics is more sensitive to subordinate carbonatite metasomatism. The metasomatic melts are inferred to be relatively enriched in 6Li and thus suggests that they were probably derived from a highly dehydrated slab.
Longitudinal recovery of local neuronal activity and consciousness level in acquired brain injury
Authors: Zou Qihong , Wu Xuehai , Hu Jin , Tang Weijun , Mao Ying , Zhu Jianhong , Lu Lu , Zhang Yao , Gao Jia‐Hong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDecreased brain activity in the default mode network, particularly in the precuneus (PCU), has been consistently shown in acquired brain injury (ABI) patients. However, it is unclear whether resting‐state brain activity recovers longitudinally in ABI patients and whether functional activity restoration is associated with improvements in consciousness level. Here, resting‐state fMRI data were acquired from 23 ABI patients and 30 age‐ and gender‐matched controls with two longitudinal observations for each participant. The fMRI data were analyzed using amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) to measure the fluctuation strength of local spontaneous activity, and seed‐based functional connectivity was used to measure functional relationship with the seed region in the whole brain. The level of consciousness was assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Coma Recovery Scale‐Revised (CRS‐R) on both scanning days of the patients. Interaction effect between the two groups and two scans in ALFF was observed in the PCU, which was driven by restored ALFF in the ABI, while a stable ALFF in the control group. Moreover, restoration of ALFF in the PCU correlated with improvements in both the CRS‐R and GCS. Specifically, recovery of ALFF in the PCU primarily reflected the signals of the slow‐4 frequency band (0.027–0.073 Hz). Based on the functional connectivity maps of the PCU, we observed a nonsignificant interaction effect or correlation with consciousness level. These findings suggest local activity in the PCU but possibly not its functional connectivity, is related to the longitudinal changes in behavioral responsiveness in ABI. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3579–3591, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The hemochromatosis protein HFE 20 years later: An emerging role in antigen presentation and in the immune system
Authors: Reuben Alexandre , Chung Jacqueline W. , Lapointe Réjean , Santos Manuela M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionSince its discovery, the hemochromatosis protein HFE has been primarily defined by its role in iron metabolism and homeostasis, and its involvement in the genetic disease termed hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). While HH patients are typically afflicted by dysregulated iron levels, many are also affected by several immune defects and increased incidence of autoimmune diseases that have thereby implicated HFE in the immune response. Growing evidence has supported an immunological role for HFE with recent studies describing HFE specifically as it relates to MHC I antigen presentation.Methods/ResultsHere, we present a comprehensive overview of the relationship between iron metabolism, HFE, and the immune system to better understand the origin and cause of immune defects in HH patients. We further describe the role of HFE in MHC I antigen presentation and its potential to impair autoimmune responses in homeostatic conditions, a mechanism which may be exploited by tumors to evade immune surveillance.ConclusionOverall, this increased understanding of the role of HFE in the immune response sets the stage for better treatment and management of HH and other iron‐related diseases, as well as of the immune defects related to this condition.
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are elevated and activated in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Poposki Julie A. , Klingler Aiko I. , Tan Bruce K. , Soroosh Pejman , Banie Homayon , Lewis Gavin , Hulse Kathryn E. , Stevens Whitney W. , Peters Anju T. , Grammer Leslie C. , Schleimer Robert P. , Welch Kevin C. , Smith Stephanie S. , Conley David B. , Raviv Joseph R. , Karras James G. , Akbari Omid , Kern Robert C. , Kato Atsushi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by type 2 inflammation with high levels of Th2 cytokines. Although T helper cytokines are released from T cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are also known to produce high levels of the same cytokines. However, the presence of various types of ILC in CRS is poorly understood.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to fully characterize the presence of all ILC subsets in CRS and to identify phenotypical differences of group 2 ILC (ILC2) in CRSwNP compared to ILC2 from non‐type 2 inflamed areas.MethodsWe investigated the presence of ILC subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy subjects, tonsil tissue, ethmoid tissue from control subjects and patients with non‐polypoid CRS (CRSsNP) and CRSwNP, as well as nasal polyp (NP) tissue from CRSwNP by flow cytometry. Sorted ILC2 were cultured in the presence and absence of IL‐33 and production of IL‐5 and IL‐13 was assessed by Luminex.ResultsWe found that all ILC subsets were present in NP but ILC2 were dominant and significantly elevated compared to PBMC, tonsil, CRSsNP, and normal sinus tissue. We also found that inducible T‐cell co‐stimulator (ICOS) and side scatter were increased and CD127 was down‐regulated in ILC2 from NP compared to blood or tonsil ILC2. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL‐7, and IL‐33 were able to down‐regulate expression of CD127 and increase side scatter in blood ILC2. Furthermore, sorted NP ILC2 but not blood ILC2 spontaneously released type 2 cytokines including IL‐5 and IL‐13.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThese results suggest that ILC2 are not only elevated but also activated in CRSwNP in vivo and that ILC2 may play important roles in the type 2 inflammation in CRSwNP.
Computational Analysis of Breast Cancer GWAS Loci Identifies the Putative Deleterious Effect of STXBP4 and ZNF404 Gene Variants
Authors: Masoodi Tariq Ahmad , Banaganapalli Babajan , Vaidyanathan Venkatesh , Talluri Venkateswar R. , Shaik Noor A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled us in identifying different breast cancer (BC) susceptibility loci. However, majority of these are non‐coding variants with no annotated biological function. We investigated such 78 noncoding genome wide associated SNPs of BC and further expanded the list to 2,162 variants with strong linkage‐disequilibrium (LD, r2 ≥0.8). Using multiple publically available algorithms such as CADD, GWAVA, and FATHAMM, we classified all these variants into deleterious, damaging, or benign categories. Out of total 2,241 variants, 23 (1.02%) variants were extreme deleterious (rank 1), 70 (3.12%) variants were deleterious (rank 2), and 1,937 (86.43%) variants were benign (rank 3). The results show 14% of lead or associated variants are under strong negative selection (GERP++ RS ≥2), and ∼22% are under balancing selection (Tajima's D score >2) in CEU population of 1KGP—the regions being positively selected (GERP++ RS <0) in mammalian evolution. The expression quantitative trait loci of highest deleteriously ranked genes were tested on relevant adipose and breast tissues, the results of which were extended for protein expression on breast tissues. From the concordance analysis of ranking system of GWAVA, CADD, and FATHMM, eQTL and protein expression, we identified the deleterious SNPs localized in STXBP4 and ZNF404 genes which might play a role in BC development by dysregulating its gene expression. This simple approach will be easier to implement and to prioritize large scale GWAS data for variety of diseases and link to the potentially unrecognized functional roles of genes. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4296–4307, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A case of successful concomitant administration of warfarin and uracil‐tegafur/leucovorin achieved by self‐measurement of INR
Authors: Watanabe Norio , Hosokawa Sachiko , Osumi Yukio , Imanishi Takahiro , Koga Ryota , Higashi Toshiya , Yamada Takuya , Yamamura Keiko 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA woman in her seventies who was started on warfarin after heart valve replacement began outpatient adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur‐uracil/leucovorin for rectal cancer. The patient performed weekly INR self‐measurements at a health insurance pharmacy between outpatient visits. Results recorded in her personal medicine notebook were shared between her physician, a hospital pharmacist, and a pharmacy pharmacist. When INR values were outside the therapeutic target range, doses were altered according to the physician's instruction. Our approach enables the fine adjustment of warfarin doses according to changes in INR and contributes to the maintenance of the therapeutic target range and safe and appropriate outpatient chemotherapy.
Vasculitis syndrome—diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Okazaki Takahiro , Shinagawa Shoshi , Mikage Hidenori 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn patients with connective tissue disease, vascular injury induced by primary or secondary vasculitis syndromes can lead to organ dysfunction due to the loss of nutrient supply from the blood. Such vasculitis syndromes can be refractory to treatment and fatal. The nomenclature and the definition of vasculitis syndromes have recently been revised, and clinical practice guidelines for diseases associated with vasculitis syndrome are evolving. The present review provides an overview of vasculitis syndromes from the viewpoint of diagnosis and treatment.
First principles study of organophosphorus additives in boundary lubrication conditions: Effects of hydrocarbon chain length
Authors: Loehlé S. , Righi M. C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe apply first principle calculations to investigate the effects of the hydrocarbon chain length in additive molecules under boundary lubrication conditions. In these conditions, occurring in high‐pressure applications, the thickness of the oil film becomes extremely thin, and the additive molecules remain confined between the two solid surfaces in contact. We consider two types of organophosphorous additives having the same phosphite group but hydrocarbon chains of different lengths. By comparing the molecular behavior under uniaxial stress applied, we elucidate the atomistic mechanisms that control the molecular capacity of maintaining an interfacial spacing under compression and the load‐induced molecular dissociation. This insight is relevant not only for a rational design of lubricant additives but also to provide understanding on the activation mechanisms of tribochemical reactions.
The Manifold Varieties of Poly(2‐Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Hydrogels−IPNs
Authors: Dušková‐Smrčková Miroslava , Sadakbayeva Zhansaya , Steinhart Miloš , Dušek Karel 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe interpenetrating network structure was used to control mechanical properties of hydrogels based on poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) (first network (A) or second network (B)) and poly(glycerol methacrylate) (PGMA) (network B). In order to understand the structure, mechanical and swelling properties of sequentially made IPN hydrogels, the swollen PHEMA network microstructure and its formation was investigated by means of swelling and SWAXS experiments. Visually clear and microscopically homogenous hydrogel networks based on poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) revealed presence of domains of size 1–10 nm formed during polymerization in the presence of water. The study was carried out to understand conditions under which the hydrophobic interactions are operative and their effect on the microstructure as well as how they change when the double network structure is introduced. The morphologies of network A ranged from homogenous, non‐porous, and optically clear gels, to macroporous gels resulting from phase separation and offering fused‐sphere morphology. A cryogel characterized by large elongated and partially interconnected pores of tens to hundreds micrometers were another object for comparison. In most cases, an increase of tensile moduli and improvement of ultimate tensile properties was achieved. A surprisingly high increase in true strength (by a factor of 10 – 30) was achieved when the macroporous PHEMA network A was reinforced by weak PHEMA or PGMA networks B. All these weakly crosslinked IPN gels were optically clear.
Implementation and preliminary effectiveness of a real‐time pain management smartphone app for adolescents with cancer: A multicenter pilot clinical study
Authors: Jibb Lindsay A. , Stevens Bonnie J. , Nathan Paul C. , Seto Emily , Cafazzo Joseph A. , Johnston Donna L. , Hum Vanessa , Stinson Jennifer N. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundPain in adolescents with cancer (12–18 years) is common and negatively impacts health‐related quality of life (HRQL). The Pain Squad+ smartphone app, which provides adolescents with real‐time pain self‐management support, was developed to address this issue. This study evaluated the implementation of the app to inform a future randomized controlled trial (RCT) and obtain treatment effect estimates for pain intensity, pain interference, HRQL, and self‐efficacy.ProcedureA one‐group baseline/poststudy design with 40 adolescents recruited from two pediatric tertiary care centers was used. Baseline questionnaires were completed and adolescents used the app at least twice daily for 28 days, receiving algorithm‐informed self‐management advice depending on their reported pain. A nurse received alerts in response to sustained pain and contacted adolescents to assist in pain care. Poststudy questionnaires were completed. Descriptive analyses, with exploratory inferential testing conducted on health outcome data, were used to address study aims.ResultsMost (40/52; 77%) eligible adolescents participated. Two participants withdrew participation. Intervention fidelity was impacted by technical difficulties (occurring for 15% of participants) and a prolonged time for nurse contact in the event of sustained pain. Adherence to pain reporting was 68.8 ± 38.1%. Outcome measure completion rates were high and the intervention was acceptable to participants. Trends in improvements in pain intensity, pain interference, and HRQL were significant, with effect sizes of 0.23–0.67.ConclusionsImplementation of Pain Squad+ is feasible and the app appears to improve pain‐related outcomes for adolescents with cancer. A multicenter RCT will be undertaken to examine app effectiveness.
Multiple shape memory effects of trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene and low‐density polyethylene blends
Authors: Xia Lin , Xian Jiayu , Geng Jieting , Wang Yan , Shi Feifei , Zhou Zuoyan , Lu Na , Du Aihua , Xin Zhenxiang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA novel series of shape memory blends of trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene (TPI) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) were prepared using a simple physical blending method. The mechanical, thermal and shape memory properties of the blends were studied and schemes proposed to explain their dual and triple shape memory behaviors. It was found that the microstructures played an important role in the shape memory process. In TPI/LDPE blends, both the TPI crosslinking network and LDPE crystalline regions could work as fixed domains, while crystalline regions of LDPE or TPI could act as reversible domains. The shape memory behaviors were determined by the components of the fixed and reversible domains. When the blend ratio of TPI/LDPE was 50/50, the blends showed excellent dual and triple shape memory properties with both high shape fixity ratio and shape recovery ratio. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficient and Controllable Esterification of P(O)‐OH Compounds Using Uronium‐Based Salts
Authors: Xiong Biquan , Hu Chenghong , Gu Jingfang , Yang Changan , Zhang Panliang , Liu Yu , Tang Kewen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAn efficient and convenient method is developed for the direct esterification of P(O)‐OH compounds with alcohols under room temperature. The protocol makes use of inexpensive uronium‐based salts as coupling reagents and shows good tolerance towards numerous alcohols, giving the corresponding esterification products in good to excellent yield. Phenols are also tolerated in this reaction. It is a simple way to produce a broad spectrum of functionalized phosphinates, phosphonates, and phosphates from basic P(O)‐OH starting materials.
POSS‐Based Nitrogen‐Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbon as Metal‐Free Oxidation Catalyst
Authors: Wang Dengxu , Mejía Esteban 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCarbon materials have emerged in recent years as alternative metal‐free catalysts for various reactions. Pyrolysis of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)‐based hybrid porous polymers (HPP), results in nitrogen‐doped hierarchically porous carbons (N‐HPC). HPP is easily synthesized from octaphenyl‐POSS and 2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine via Friedel‐Crafts reaction and exhibits high porosity with BET surface area (SBET) of 1071 m2/g and pore volume of 0.99 cm3/g. Remarkably, HPP acts as a “dual template” after pyrolysis, bestowing the materials simultaneously with enhanced micro‐ and meso‐porosity. After silica etching, N‐HPC materials possess a hierarchically micro‐ and mesoporous structure with SBET of up to 1536 m2/g and pore volume of 1.00 cm3/g. Moreover, N‐HPC show to be catalytically active in the oxidative coupling of amines to imines using oxygen (1 bar) as the primary oxidant under neat conditions. The remarkable O2‐activation ability of these novel metal‐free materials could be certainly expanded to other transformations.