bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of breast cancer staging when AJCC prognostic staging manual is used: a retrospective analysis of a Chinese cohort
Authors: Ding Jinhua , Wu Weizhu , Fang Jianjiang , Chu Yudong , Zheng Siming , Jiang Li 
Published: October 2017

Background: This study aimed to investigate staging changes for Chinese breast cancer patients assessed by the 7th (anatomic) and 8th (prognostic) editions of the AJCC staging manual, and to explore the predictive factors for these changes. Methods: Data of patients who received curative surgery for stage I-III breast cancer at Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The assessment of staging was according to the criteria of the 7th and 8th editions of the AJCC staging manual. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the associations between staging changes and clinicopathological characteristics. Results: Staging changes were found in 59.37% of patients and were more likely to be seen in stage IIIA (96.10%) and IIA (85.94%), then IIB (70.33%), IB (68.75%), followed by IA (36.17%) and IIIC (30.08%). In univariate analysis, staging changes were associated with tumor location, clinical tumor size, clinical axillary lymph node status and Ki67 index. However, multivariate analysis found that staging changes were significantly associated with tumor size >2 cm (odds ratio [OR] = 3.263, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.638-4.036), lymph node involvement (OR = 2.261, 95% CI, 1.830-2.794) and high Ki-67 index (OR = 1.661, 95% CI 1.343-2.054). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that there were marked staging changes when 2 different editions of the AJCC staging manual were used. Since prognostic biomarkers are available in routine clinical practice, the more recent staging manual should be followed to select better systemic therapy and give better outcomes for Chinese breast cancer patients.
Comparative study of urodynamic tests after AMS 800 and ZSI 375 insertion
Authors: Ripert Thomas , Pierrevelcin Jean 
Published: October 2017

Study design: Retrospective, non-randomised, single-centre study. Objectives: Comparative study of urodynamic tests in patients presenting social continence after AMS 800 or ZSI 375 insertion. Materials and methods: Study was open to patients with social continence, implanted with AMS 800 or ZSI 375. Vesical pressure (VP), urethral functional length (FL), maximal urethral pressure (MUP), maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP), maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax) were registered with standard urodynamic equipment. Results: From March 2012 to September 2014, 27 male patients with AMS 800 and 28 with ZSI 375 were recruited. In the AMS 800 group mean VP was 25.03 cmH2O (range 13-47), mean FL 31.96 mm (range 20-52), mean MUCP 88.29 cmH2O (range 32-160), mean MUP 119.55 cmH2O (range 77-180), mean Qmax 22.86 mL/s (range 5.6-54.6). In the ZSI 375 group, mean VP was 24.89 cmH2O (range 6-40), mean FL 30.53 mm (range 12-87), mean MUCP 70.11 cmH2O (range 38-108), mean MUP 99.89 cm H2O (range 63-134), and mean Qmax 19.25 mL/s range (7.3-39.6). Discussion: Results of urodynamic tests are similar for both artificial urinary sphincters. AMS 800 cuff pressure over 70 cmH2O could be explained by the pelvis pressure and the difference of altitude between the pressure-regulating balloon (PRB) and the cuff. ZSI 375 pressure-regulating tank (PRT) is not influenced by these factors. Very high MUP could be explained with too tightened cuffs. Conclusions: AMS 800 and ZSI 375 urodynamic tests are similar. Pressure of the pelvis and difference of altitude between the AMS balloon and the cuff can lead to high MUP.
Toxoplasmosis cerebral asociado a VIH-SIDA: Revisión de literatura y reporte de un caso
Authors: Niguelie Cawich Zairie , Hernández Bojorge Santiago , Solís Carbajal Olíz , González Moncada Clara 
Published: October 2017

La toxoplasmosis cerebral es la infección oportunista más común del SNC en pacientes con SIDA. Es la causa del 10 al 50% de las lesiones ocupantes de espacio relacionadas con el HIV. La presentación de una lesión toxoplásmica cerebral como primera manifestación del SIDA no ha sido publicada aún en nuestro país. La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad oportunista causada por el parásito Toxoplasma gondii, que puede ser vehiculizado a través del consumo de carne cruda o mal cocida, con presencia de quistes o al ingerir alimentos y agua contaminados con ooquistes. Debido a la asociación de esta parasitosis con el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia humana, actualmente es una enfermedad de gran impacto en la población, debido a que ocasiona una presentación clínica más seria de la enfermedad, con compromiso orgánico múltiple y altas tasas de mortalidad. Se describe el caso de un paciente masculino de 28 años de edad con toxoplasmosis cerebral asociada a virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) estado C3 y convulsiones con hemiplejia del hemicuerpo izquierdo.
Análisis sísmico del noroeste de San Rafael del Sur
Authors: Obando Rivera Tupak Ernesto 
Published: October 2017

La investigación analiza la sismicidad del Noroeste de San Rafael del Sur para ordenamiento físico de ese territorio. En el estudio realizado, se revisaron recursos bibliográfico y cartográfico existentes; se interpretaron modelos geo-estructurales del terreno; se calcularon e interpretaron datos geológicos de campo usando equipos electrónicos; se analizaron sismos histórico - instrumentales con software ArcGis 9. Con esto se obtuvo cartografía sísmica y geológica del área estudiada. A su vez, se logró la zonación sísmica usando modelo numérico predictivo [0,015e0,868M/(R + 0,060e0,7M)1,09]. De igual manera, se obtuvo geometría espacial de fuentes sismo-generadoras locales. Asimismo, se lograron perfiles de suelos detallados. Finalmente, se alcanzó la iconografía pormenorizada de características geológicas in situ. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que fallas geológicas ocultas constituyen la generatriz de sismos, expresada en 24 eventos superficiales menor de 8.9km y magnitudes entre 2,7 a 3,3 º Ritcher, formando 3 ejes de dirección Suroeste-Noreste y Norte-Sur vistos en terrazas de Ríos Jesús y Jordán. Finalmente, se revela suelos frágiles ante intensidad sísmica entre 0.4 - 0.5g en El Tamarindo y Los Jaras, contrario a suelos arenosos firmes y estables de San Rafael del Sur con efecto atenuador de 0,009 a 0,01g
Editorial
Authors: Mendieta Concepción 
Published: October 2017

La Revista electrónica: Universidad y Ciencia, UNAN-Managua, es un espacio para la reflexión, el aprendizaje y la transferencia de conocimientos, a través de la difusión de artículos científicos producto de los trabajos de investigación realizadas por académicos e investigadores, en donde nos narran sus principales hallazgos, puntos de vista y el surgimiento de alternativas de solución a los diferentes problemas del contexto nacional
Evaluación direccional del cono de humedecimiento en suelos ferralíticos rojos y francos utilizando sistemas de riego subsuperfical en la caña de azúcar
Authors: Mendez Jurjo Nestor , Mujica Cervantes Albi , Mundiel Sotolongo Dayamira 
Published: October 2017

Los Valores alcanzados por el Coeficiente de Variación (CV), se encuentran comprendidos entre el 1.2% y el 2.6% comprobándose que la calidad del emisor es buena. Las máximas variaciones del caudal del emisor ocurrieron cuando la carga alcanzó valores superiores a los 20 mca, las menores variaciones se presentaron cuando la carga resulto de 5 mca, evidenciando el nivel de compensación del emisor estudiado. Se estudió, además, las características hidroedafológica donde el medio (manguera) deja pasar el agua a través de ella por unidad de área transversal a la dirección del flujo en suelos ferralíticos rojos y textura moderadamente gruesos de diferentes tipos de suelos con fines de diseños para estos sistemas, determinándose las formas y dimensiones del bulbo húmedo, obteniéndose que la longitud del diámetro de humedecimiento se estabiliza a partir de los 5.2 litros con 48 cm en suelos ferralíticos rojos, el espaciamiento entre emisores pueden garantizar una franja continua de humedad y traslape entre bulbos de un 10%, para los suelos francos la longitud del diámetro de humedecimiento se estabiliza a partir de los 5.1 litros a unos 46 cm por lo que el espaciamiento entre emisores garantiza franjas continua de humedad y el traslape entre bulbos de un 8%. Finalmente se realizó un estudio con el propósito de conocer la cantidad de agua suministrada al suelo por por el emisores, obteniéndose resultados satisfactorios dado que la tecnología aporta elevados rendimientos agrícolas, mínimos gastos de agua y energía, favoreciendo la preservación del medio ambiente y recursos naturales.
Synergies, Risks and the Regulation of Stock Exchange Interconnection
Authors: Lee Joseph 
Published: October 2017

In this article, the author discusses the phenomenon of stock exchange interconnection and the synergies that it can bring. He investigates the methods and rationales behind various models currently employed such as the Euronext virtual model, the integration between the London Stock Exchange and the Milan Stock Exchange, and the ASEAN model in Asia. Despite the fact that there are many models of interconnection, none of them are truly interconnected in that they share a common trading platform, a single clearing house, and a single central securities depository. Divergence in national law remains a major obstacle to interconnection. This is because, notwithstanding a certain degree of harmonisation achieved in jurisdictions such as the EU, national laws continue to play an important role in regulating financial market infrastructure such as stock exchanges. Therefore, without a clear regime governing jurisdiction and applicable law, true interconnection is unlikely to be achieved.
Extraterritoriality of the Regulations and Interconnections of the Derivatives Market: Legal Implications for East and Southeast Asia
Authors: Chen Christopher 
Published: October 2017

This article examines the legal implications of the interconnections of the global derivatives market, such as the exchange and over-the-counter (OTC) markets, in East and Southeast Asia. First, we introduce the interconnectedness of the global derivatives market. We then examine some legal implications of such interconnectedness from several angles, such as the extraterritoriality of relevant regulations (notably the reporting, clearing and trading mandates prescribed by the G20 and the new initial margin rule), standard product documentation, the effect of substituted compliance, the potential competition effect due to shifting OTC trades to exchange trading and the effect of consolidating exchanges and/or clearing services. We approach these issues from the perspective of Asian countries in relation to development in core markets, such as those in the US, the UK and Europe.
Telepathology at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology: A Retrospective Review of Consultations From 1996 to 1997
Authors: Ghosh Arunima , Brown G. Thomas , Fontelo Paul 
Published: October 2017

Context.—Telepathology is the practice of pathology at a distance, transmitting images using telecommunication methods for second opinion and/or diagnostic assistance, or for educational purposes. It may be the only means of consultation for some pathologists.Objective.—To retrospectively review and evaluate a subset of telepathology consultations from June 1996 to March 1997, and to determine the concordance between the telepathology diagnosis of the contributor and pathologists at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Washington, District of Columbia, as well as the concordance between the telepathology diagnosis and the glass slide diagnosis, when available.Design.—Photocopies of de-identified telepathology reports from the AFIP during a 15-month period between June 1996 and March 1997 were reviewed. Contributor versus telepathology diagnosis was graded as 1 (complete agreement), 2 (partial agreement), 3 (disagreement; usually a diagnosis of benign versus malignant), and deferred. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results.—Of the 262 cases, 194 (74%) were in complete agreement with the contributor's diagnosis, 34 of 262 (13%) were in minor disagreement, and 21 of 262 (8%) were in major disagreement. Diagnoses were deferred in 5% (13 of 262) of cases.Conclusions.—Using commercial off-the-shelf technology and despite telecommunication challenges during that time, the AFIP demonstrated that telepathology could be conducted reliably.
Localization for Breast Surgery: The Next Generation
Authors: Jeffries Deborah O. , Dossett Lesly A. , Jorns Julie M. 
Published: October 2017

Context.—
Preoperative localization of nonpalpable breast lesions using image-guided wire placement has been a standard of breast imaging, diagnosis, and treatment since its development in the 1970s. With this technique, coordinated, same-day wire placement by the radiologist and surgery are required, which can lead to significant inefficiencies in workflow. Other disadvantages of wire localization (WL) include limitations in surgical incision and dissection route and protruding wires that can be both bothersome for the patient and have risk of displacement.

Objective.—
To outline several recently developed techniques that could replace traditional WL and eliminate its disadvantages. The first developed was radioactive seed localization (RSL) using I-125, a technique adopted by many institutions during the last few years. The challenge to this method, however, is the strict nuclear regulatory requirements, which can be a significant burden and limitation. The disadvantages of WL and RSL have provided incentive for the development of other types of preoperative localization procedures. Two of these are recently US Food and Drug Administration–cleared, nonradioactive, non-wire location technologies emerging as alternatives to WL and RSL; SAVI SCOUT (Cianna Medical Inc, Aliso Viejo, California), which uses infrared light and a microimpulse radar reflector, and Magseed (Endomagnetics Inc, Austin, Texas), which uses a magnetic seed for localization.

Data Sources.—
We review the published literature on non-wire location technologies for breast tissue resection.

Conclusions.—
Non-wire location techniques are beneficial, allowing image-guided placement before the day of surgery and resulting in improved workflows. These techniques also eliminate bothersome protruding wires, risk of dislodging, and allow the incision site to be independent from the localization site.
Properties of Vehicle Network Privacy
Authors: CORSER GEORGE , FU HUIRONG , MASASABI MATHIAS , KIVARI LARS 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTContemporary automobiles utilize a range of safety devices, such as seatbelts and airbags, to reduce injuries in accidents. Future vehicles, especially autonomous cars, will also utilize computer networks to avoid accidents. These vehicular ad hoc networks, VANETs, may one day save thousands of lives and billions of dollars, reduce fuel consumption and pollution, and expand ubiquitous connectivity and mobile application functionality to the world's roadways. One problem: privacy. VANETs may expose motorists to surveillance by eavesdroppers, from casual stalkers to Big Brother. The problem has perplexed researchers for decades, perhaps partly because the desired properties of vehicle network privacy have not been sufficiently defined. The purpose of this paper is to provide a taxonomy to classify privacy properties in vehicular contexts.
Enolase binds to RnpA in competition with PNPase in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Wang Xuejing , Wang Chengliang , Wu Minghao , Tian Tian , Cheng Tianyuan , Zhang Xuan , Zang Jianye 
Published: September 2017

The RNA degradosome of the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus regulates the metabolism of RNA, the expression of virulence factors, and the formation of biofilms. It is composed of the RNases J1/J2, RNase Y, CshA, PNPase, Enolase, Pfk, and a newly identified component, RnpA. However, the function and new partners of RnpA in RNA degradosome remain unknown. Here, we identified PNPase and Enolase as two novel partners for RnpA. Further studies revealed that Enolase interacts with RnpA in competition with PNPase. Enzymatic assays showed that RnpA increases Enolase activity but has no effect on PNPase. These findings provide more information about the functional relationship between RnpA and RNA degradosome.
Recent Extreme Runoff Observations From Coastal Arctic Watersheds in Alaska
Authors: Stuefer Svetlana L. , Arp Christopher D. , Kane Douglas L. , Liljedahl Anna K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractArctic coastal watersheds, though rarely monitored, are expected to have increased runoff, as climate models predict more precipitation in the Arctic. This study provides a synthesis of streamflow changes in watersheds of the Alaska Arctic Coastal Plain (AACP) based on available historic discharge data and water balance analysis. A comparison of annual runoff from the Putuligayuk River watershed (471 km2) from the period 1970–1986 (78 ± 24.1 mm/yr) to the period 1999–2015 (122 ± 49.6 mm/yr) shows increasing discharge and interannual variability. From this discontinuous record of 32 years, the three lowest runoff years occurred in 1979, 2007, and 2008, and the three highest runoff years occurred in 2003, 2014, and 2015. Other studied AACP watersheds with shorter discharge records demonstrate similar patterns of dry (2007–2008) and wet (2014–2015) years during common periods of observation. A combination of favorable antecedent surface storage conditions and above‐average precipitation is required to generate large volumes of surface runoff. A strong relationship between climate, surface storage, and runoff inherent to AACP watersheds makes these systems highly responsive to sea ice retreat and hydrological intensification. Our new estimates of freshwater flux from the AACP to the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea account for an observed range of runoff variability and provide baseline data for modeling arctic hydrologic systems.
Revisiting the Analytical Solution Approach to Mixing‐Limited Equilibrium Multicomponent Reactive Transport Using Mixing Ratios: Identification of Basis, Fixing an Error, and Dealing With Multiple Minerals
Authors: Ginn T. R. , Schreyer L. G. , Sanchez‐Vila X. , Nassar M. K. , Ali A. A. , Kräutle S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMulticomponent reactive transport involves the solution of a system of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations. A number of methods have been developed to simplify the problem. In the case where all reactions are in instantaneous equilibrium and the mineral assemblage is constant in both space and time, de Simoni et al. (2007) provide an analytical solution that separates transport of aqueous components and minerals using scalar dissipation of “mixing ratios” between a number of boundary/initial solutions. In this approach, aqueous speciation is solved in conventional terms of primary and secondary species, and the mineral dissolution/precipitation rate is given in terms of the scalar dissipation and a chemical transformation term, both involving the secondary species associated with the mineral reaction. However, the identification of the secondary species is nonunique, and so it is not clear how to use the approach in general, a problem that is keenly manifest in the case of multiple minerals which may share aqueous ions. We address this problem by developing an approach to identify the secondary species required in the presence of one or multiple minerals. We also remedy a significant error in the de Simoni et al. (2007) approach. The result is a fixed and extended de Simoni et al. (2007) approach that allows construction of analytical solutions to multicomponent equilibrium reactive transport problems in which the mineral assemblage does not change in space or time and where the transport is described by closed‐form solutions of the mixing ratios.
Real‐time intrafraction prostate motion during linac based stereotactic radiotherapy with rectal displacement
Authors: Legge Kimberley , Nguyen Doan , Ng Jin Aun , Wilton Lee , Richardson Matthew , Booth Jeremy , Keall Paul , O'Connor Darryl J , Greer Peter , Martin Jarad 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundKilovoltage Intrafraction Monitoring (KIM) is a method which determines the three‐dimensional position of the prostate from two‐dimensional kilovoltage (kV) projections taken during linac based radiotherapy treatment with real‐time feedback. Rectal displacement devices (RDDs) allow for improved rectal dosimetry during prostate cancer treatment. This study used KIM to perform a preliminary investigation of prostate intrafraction motion observed in patients with an RDD in place.MethodsTen patients with intermediate to high‐risk prostate cancer were treated with a Rectafix RDD in place during two boost fractions of 9.5–10 Gy delivered using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) on Clinac iX and Truebeam linacs. Two‐dimensional kV projections were acquired during treatment. KIM software was used following treatment to determine the displacement of the prostate over time. The displacement results were analyzed to determine the percentage of treatment time the prostate spent within 1 mm, between 1 and 2 mm, between 2 and 3 mm and greater than 3 mm from its initial position.ResultsKIM successfully measured displacement for 19 prostate stereotactic boost fractions. The prostate was within 1 mm of its initial position for 84.8%, 1–2 mm for 14%, 2–3 mm 1.2% and ≥3 mm only 0.4% of the treatment time.ConclusionsIn this preliminary study using KIM, KIM was successfully used to measure prostate intrafraction motion, which was found to be small in the presence of a rectal displacement device.Trial registrationThe Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee reference number is 14/08/20/3.01.
CD4+ T cells from multiple sclerosis patients respond to a commensal‐derived antigen
Authors: Burgess Joseph N. , Pant Anudeep B. , Kasper Lloyd H. , Colpitts Brass Sara 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMultiple sclerosis, an immune‐mediated disease of the central nervous system, is characterized by the impaired function of regulatory cells that fail to suppress self‐reactive effector cells. We have previously found that polysaccharide A, a capsular antigen derived from the human gut commensal Bacteroides fragilis, can induce a population of regulatory T cells. Herein, we demonstrate that naïve T cells isolated from patients with multiple sclerosis have the capacity to acquire regulatory characteristics when stimulated in vitro with polysaccharide A. This study demonstrates the amplification of a regulatory T cell response by a gut‐derived commensal antigen in those with multiple sclerosis.