bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intersections of Randomly Translated Sets
Authors: Visonà Tommaso 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Let

$$\Xi _n=\{\xi _1,\dots ,\xi _n\}$$

Ξ
n

=

{

ξ
1

,
⋯
,

ξ
n

}

be a sample of n independent points distributed in a regular closed element K of the extended convex ring in

$$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

according to a probability measure

$$\mu $$

μ

on k admitting a density function. We consider random sets generated from the intersection of the translations of K by the elements of

$$\Xi _n$$

Ξ
n

, namely,

$$\begin{aligned} X_n=\bigcap _{i=1}^n (K-\xi _i). \end{aligned}$$

X
n

=

⋂

i
=
1

n

(
K
-

ξ
i

)

.

This work aims to show that the scaled closure of the complement of

$$X_n$$

X
n

as

$$n\rightarrow \infty $$

n
→
∞

converges in distribution to the closure of the complement zero cell of a Poisson hyperplane tessellation whose distribution is determined by the curvature measure of K and the behaviour of the density of

$$\mu $$

μ

near the boundary of K.
Algorithmic and Non-Algorithmic Fairness: Should We Revise our View of the Latter Given Our View of the Former?
Authors: Lippert-Rasmussen Kasper 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the US context, critics of court use of algorithmic risk prediction algorithms have argued that COMPAS involves unfair machine bias because it generates higher false positive rates of predicted recidivism for black offenders than for white offenders. In response, some have argued that algorithmic fairness concerns, either also or only, calibration across groups–roughly, that a score assigned to different individuals by the algorithm involves the same probability of the individual having the target property across different groups of individuals–and that, for mathematical reasons, it is virtually impossible to equalize false positive rates without impairing the calibration. I argue that in standard non-algorithmic contexts, such as hirings, we do not think that lack of calibration entails unfair bias, and that it is difficult to see why algorithmic contexts, as it were, should differ fairness-wise from non-algorithmic ones in this respect. Hence, we should reject the view that calibration is necessary for fairness in an algorithmic context.
Face recognition in online soccer streaming for piracy detection
Authors: A. Correia Helena , Pontes Diogo , Henrique Brito José 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a face recognition system that is part of a global solution for online soccer piracy detection. The overall solution uses several building blocks to detect illegal sharing of live soccer broadcasts. This paper presents one of the building blocks, a face recognition system, that recognizes the faces of players that participate in the soccer match that the overall solution is trying to identify. The face recognition system detects faces in the broadcast image frames and tries to match them to a database faces of players from the clubs that participate in the game. The proposed face recognition system uses Retinaface and OpenCV to detect faces, applies Deep Learning networks Facenet128 and FaceNet512 to extract features from the detected faces, computes the cosine distance between features to evaluate the dissimilarity between faces, and compares the distance to a predefined threshold. This approach aims to maximize Precision and True Positive Rate while ensuring a False Positive Rate equal to zero, even at the cost of a lower Recall and Accuracy, and also provides results in as close to real-time as possible. The experiments show that the proposed face recognition system is able to achieve a True Positive Rate of 38.4% while ensuring a False Positive Rate of 0, which is an important aspect for the overall solution. The system is able to analyze an average of 20 frames per second. The results show the potential of this approach to identify and combat illegal broadcasts of sporting events, offering a robust approach to address the escalating issue of unauthorized audiovisual content sharing.
Particle swarm optimization of high Q factor interdigitated E-shaped metamaterial for refractive index sensing
Authors: Gad Mohamed M. , El Batawy Yasser M. , Sallam Mai O. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetamaterials for refractive index sensing applications have garnered significant attention in recent years. However, achieving an optimal balance between high sensitivity and quality factor, which together determine the Figure of Merit of sensors, necessitates extensive optimization efforts. In this paper, we present the metaheuristic optimization of a refractive index-based plasmonic sensor operating at a wavelength of 1500 nm, which has the potential to open new avenues for applications in biomedical sensing and beyond. Particle Swarm Optimization is utilized to maximize the performance of the proposed infrared metamaterial sensor. The proposed design features two overlapping E-shaped silver patches placed on top of a grounded $$\mathrm {Al_{2}O_{3}}$$

Al
2

O
3

substrate. This configuration results in a narrow-band absorption spectrum with peak resonances caused by the confinement of the electric field within the gaps of the E-shaped metallic arms. The metaheuristic optimization process yielded sensor dimensions that achieve a high sensitivity of 834.7 nm/RIU,Q = 865 and a Figure of Merit of 481.34 $$\textrm{RIU}^{-1}$$

RIU

-
1

, demonstrating outstanding performance in cancer cell detection.
Mechanistic analysis of urban tree-soil interactions: Species-specific water use and desiccation effects on expansive clays
Authors: Sun Xi , Li Jie , Liu Xin , Wu Shengshen , Gao You 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aims
This study investigates the complex interactions between urban trees and expansive clay soils, focusing on two prevalent species (Corymbia maculata and Lophostemon confertus) in Melbourne’s urban landscape. Limited field data and understanding of species-specific water use necessitate this research. We aim to quantify the spatiotemporal variability in soil-plant-water interactions within the urban contexts, a crucial factor for informed green infrastructure planning and sustainable ecosystem management in metropolitan areas.

Methods
Comprehensive field measurements were conducted over 12 months, including soil movement, soil water dynamics, tree transpiration, and leaf water potential. Sap flow sensors monitored tree water requirements. Laboratory soil testing determined soil properties and developed soil suction and water content profiles. The intercorrelation between soil water dynamics and tree water use was investigated.

Results
Peak water use for both trees occurred during summer, contributing 32–40% of their total consumption. C. maculata transpired 48.1 kL, exceeding L. confertus by 106%. The trees’ desiccation influence extended horizontally to 0.4–0.5 times the tree height and vertically to 2.3–3.3 m depth. Soil water content explained 31–36% of soil movement variability, with a strong correlation (R² > 0.9) between soil suction and water content within the active root zone.

Conclusions
This study enhances our mechanistic understanding of urban tree-soil interactions, providing valuable insights for sustainable city planning. It emphasizes species-specific considerations in tree selection and placement, especially in areas with expansive soils. The robust field data contributes to refining predictive models of soil-plant-atmosphere interactions in urban landscapes, supporting informed decision-making in urban greening initiatives.
Longitudinal predictors of single word spelling in Northern Sotho-English bilingual children: a cross-linguistic study
Authors: Makaure Patricia , Wilsenach Carien , Schaefer Maxine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough there is overwhelming evidence highlighting the foundational role of phonological processing and vocabulary skills in reading, less research has focused on the contribution of these skills to spelling, particularly in African languages. This longitudinal study explored cognitive-linguistic predictors of spelling development in Northern Sotho-English bilingual children. Children were assessed on phonological awareness, phonological working memory, rapid automatized naming, and receptive vocabulary in Grade 2 (Time 1) and on spelling development at the end of Grade 3 (Time 2). Phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming were unique within and cross-language predictors of word spelling in both Northern Sotho and English. This study represents a first attempt to understand the processes that support bilingual spelling development in Northern Sotho children learning English as an additional language. The findings contribute to the body of research investigating spelling development in bilingual children who are learning languages with different orthographical systems. Based on the findings, we recommend that bilingual spelling and phonics instruction explicitly reflect the phonological systems of both languages.
Genocidal Speech and Speech Act Theory
Authors: Weston Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Speech act theory has been applied to genocidal speech in an extension of its use in other forms of speech regulation. I detail how a misguided reliance on speech act theoretic tools has negatively impacted legal thinking in understanding direct and public incitement to commit genocide. I argue that undue factive and normative significance has been placed on the idea that incitement to genocide may be considered an illocutionary or performative speech act, rather than as a perlocutionary act, as an inchoate crime. With attention to the role of causation in the regulation of incitement to genocide within a speech act framework, I clarify legal applications of speech act theory which have confused or displaced the appropriate questions underpinning genocidal speech regulation. In doing so, I reinforce the role of causation with respect to inchoate speech crimes, and particularly the potential merits of a preventative risk assessment model when identifying genocidal speech. I demonstrate that while these speech act accounts present unique issues for genocidal speech regulation, they also in part stem from prior work applying speech act theory to other speech crimes such as hate speech and pornography.
Development of engineered IL-36γ-hypersecreting Lactococcus lactis to improve the intestinal environment
Authors: Yoda Masahiro , Takase Shogo , Suzuki Kaho , Murakami Aito , Namai Fu , Sato Takashi , Fujii Tadashi , Tochio Takumi , Shimosato Takeshi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInterleukin (IL) 36 is a member of the IL-1-like proinflammatory cytokine family that has a protective role in mucosal immunity. We hypothesized that mucosal delivery of IL-36γ to the intestine would be a very effective way to prevent intestinal diseases. Here, we genetically engineered a lactic acid bacterium, Lactococcus lactis, to produce recombinant mouse IL-36γ (rmIL-36γ). Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that the engineered strain (NZ-IL36γ) produced and hypersecreted the designed rmIL-36γ in the presence of nisin, which induces the expression of the recombinant gene. We administered NZ-IL36γ to mice via oral gavage, and collected the ruminal contents and rectal tissues. Colony PCR using primers specific for NZ-IL36γ, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the rmIL-36γ concentrations of the ruminal contents showed that NZ-IL36γ colonized the mouse intestines and secreted rmIL-36γ. A microbiota analysis revealed increased abundances of bacteria of the genera Acetatifactor, Eubacterium, Monoglobus, and Roseburia in the mouse intestines. Real-time quantitative PCR of the whole colon showed increased Muc2 expression. An in vitro assay using murine colorectal epithelial cells and human colonic cells showed that purified rmIL-36γ promoted Muc2 gene expression. Taken together, these data suggest that NZ-IL36γ may be an effective and attractive tool for delivering rmIL-36γ to improve the intestinal environment.
Taxpayers’ Share of US Prescription Drug and Insulin Costs: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Schrier Elizabeth , Himmelstein David U. , Gaffney Adam , McCormick Danny , Woolhandler Steffie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Drug prices affect government budgets directly through spending on public programs like Medicare and Medicaid, and indirectly via private coverage for public employees and tax subsidies for private insurance. Yet, the Senate parliamentarian ruled that the Senate could not use streamlined Budget Reconciliation to extend the Inflation Reduction Act’s controls on insulin co-payment or drug prices to private insurers on the grounds that their expenditures do not affect the federal budget.

Objective
To quantify insulin and other drug costs borne by federal, state, and local governments, including direct expenditures and indirect government subsidies that flow through private insurers.

Design
Cross-sectional analysis of expenditures for outpatient retail prescription drugs reported by respondents and their pharmacies in the 2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (adjusted downward for drug rebates), supplemented with information on employment-related insurance from the US Office of Management and Budget and other sources.

Participants
The civilian non-institutionalized US population.

Main Measures
Direct (payments by public health insurance programs) and indirect (taxpayer-funded payments via private insurers) government expenditures for outpatient retail drugs.

Key Results
Direct government expenditures for outpatient retail prescription drugs totaled $154.85 billion in 2019, including $15.68 billion for insulin. Indirect government expenditures channeled through private insurers totaled $53.59 billion (including $5.48 billion for insulins). Those indirect expenditures encompassed $32.32 billion in tax subsidies for employer-sponsored private coverage, $25 million for subsidies to private Affordable Care Act marketplace plans, and $21.24 billion for government-paid premiums for public employees and retirees. Overall, government expenditures for outpatient retail prescription drugs totaled $208.44 billion, 58.76% of all-payer spending and 65.96% of spending for insulin.

Conclusions
Governments directly or indirectly fund most drug purchases, including substantial expenditures that flow through private insurers. Hence, prices paid by private insurers impact government budgets, supporting the view that government should be allowed to regulate drug prices.
Microstructural and Mechanical Characterisation of Quenched, Quenched and Tempered AISI M2 High-Speed Steel Subjected to Deep Cryogenic Treatment
Authors: Chiadikobi Christian I. , Thornton Rob , Statharas Dimitrios , Weston David P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAISI M2 HSS from the family of tool steels are well known for their wide industry usage due to its strength, hardness and ability to retain red hardness at high temperature. AISI M2 HSS were investigated following different heat treatment processing sequence, such as Q, Q + DCT, Q + T, Q + T + DCT and Q + DCT + T (where Q—Quenched, T—Tempered, DCT—Deep Cryogenically Treated). The different sequence employed was chosen to better understand the effects of DCT on the studied material. The microhardness test results for DCT samples revealed an increase in hardness measurement. The level of increase was dependent on the processing sequence employed. A clear trend observed was that employing DCT following quenched and prior tempering (Q + DCT + T) resulted in a 4.1 pct improvement in hardness compared to the conventional quenched and tempered (Q + T) samples with a high degree of statistical confidence (p = 3.0919E−06). A comparison with other processing sequences indicates that introducing DCT after quenching and prior tempering could contribute to improved hardness better than after tempering. Furthermore, microstructure analysis of the X-ray diffraction data indicates a low amount of retained austenite for all DCT samples when compared to non-DCT samples counterparts, with the lowest amount of retained austenite found to be 3.1 pct in Q + DCT + T samples.
Development of conductive fingermarks for forensic applications
Authors: Richards Niamh E. , Langley Andrew , Stimpson Laura J. Vera 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFingermarks are an important form of evidence in forensic science, routinely used for identification or exclusion purposes within the criminal justice system. The increasing use of fingerprint recognition in technology and biosecurity, such as for unlocking devices and accessing banking information, highlights the need for forensic fingermark recovery methods that serve both traditional forensic needs and modern technological demands. Current fingerprint development techniques, however, are not designed to fulfil this dual-purpose. This paper presents a novel approach that introduces the use of conductive paint and silicone to develop, recover, and preserve latent, patent, and plastic fingermarks. The innovative method produces conductive casts that capture detailed ridge patterns, thereby facilitating forensic examination as well as being used for unlocking capacitive and ultrasonic fingerprint scanners in a range of mobile devices.
Radiation-Induced Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma in Thyroid: A Rare Occurrence
Authors: Sharma Deeksha , Das Rajjyoti , Ahmed Shiraj 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
We present a rare case of Radiation-induced sarcoma in the thyroid, in a 53-year-old female, seven years after receiving chemoradiation for SCC esophagus. The disease was non resectable due to carotid encasement and was therefore planned for chemotherapy with doxorubicin.
Deliberation, Polarization, and Emotion: A Deliberative Process about Climate Change with Young Participants
Authors: Brasileiro Juliana Montenegro , García-Leiva Patricia , Palacios-Gálvez M. Soledad , González Marta Barros 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In light of the increase in democratic innovation processes in recent decades, there is ongoing debate as to whether deliberative participation reduces levels of affective and issue-based political polarisation. This field study analyses the role of emotions in a deliberative process about climate change conducted by the AOS! Programme in Spain in 2022. 137 participants aged 10–12 years organised into mixed and enclave groups answered a survey to determine their level of concern about climate change and both affective and issue-based polarisation, in order to assess whether feeling worried about climate change could influence their level of political polarisation. The results show that neither the enclave nor the mixed groups had significant effects on their affective polarisation, as the children only answered according to their level of concern about climate change. However, participation influenced their levels of issue-based polarisation, depolarising less worried participants. These findings demonstrate that emotions have an impact on cognition through participation and that feelings about political topics should be considered in deliberative studies.
Flapping-wing energy harvesting experiences with modified time variations at high re-number
Authors: Geißler W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWind-energy converters with rotating blades are most common for energy harvesting. In special cases a system of flapping wings may be of interest where the wings are oscillating in combined pitching and flapping (plunging) modes respectively. Then the ratio of pitching and plunging amplitudes is of main concern: If the amplitude of the pitching motion exceeds the amplitude of the induced angle of the plunging motion, energy transfer from the oncoming flow is present. To accomplish maximum energy transfers and maximum efficiencies a considerable number of parameters have to be varied. Most of the published investigations assume harmonic time variations of both pitching and plunging motion. In the present paper the time variation will be modified such that the stroke reversal times are favorably be influenced, i.e., the fraction of the period where the airfoil changes the angle of attack from its maximum to its minimum or vice versa. In the present paper this variation is represented by an analytical function. Further, the phase between pitch and plunge motion and the time dependent deformation of the airfoil-leading edge will be investigated. It will be shown that the different variations and modifications will lead to considerable increases of power transfer and efficiency.
Recent developments on multiscale simulations for rheology and complex flow of polymers
Authors: Sato Takeshi , Yoshimoto Kenji 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis review summarized the multiscale simulation (MSS) methods for polymeric liquids. Since polymeric liquids have multiscale characteristics of monomeric, mesoscopic, and macroscopic flow scales, MSSs that relate different hierarchical levels are adequate to reproduce flow properties accurately. Our review includes pioneering studies to the most advanced MSS studies on rheology predictions and flow simulations of polymeric liquids. We discuss two major types of MSS methods: the bottom-up and model-embedded MSS methods. The former method mainly connects all-atom molecular dynamics models and mesoscopic models to predict rheological properties. In contrast, the latter method, where a microscopic or mesoscopic model is embedded in a macroscopic computational domain, is designed to predict macroscopic flow properties. Finally, we also discuss MSS methods using machine learning techniques.
Graphical abstract
Five Times Faster
Authors: Sharpe Simon 
Published: October 2024

We need to act five times faster to avoid dangerous climate change. This is an inside story from Simon Sharpe, who has spent ten years at the forefront of climate change policy and diplomacy. In our fight to avoid dangerous climate change, science is pulling its punches, diplomacy is picking the wrong battles, and economics has been fighting for the other side. This provocative and engaging book sets out how we should rethink our strategies and reorganise our efforts in the fields of science, economics, and diplomacy, so that we can act fast enough to stay safe. This edition has been brought up-to-date throughout, and includes a new chapter on how international cooperation on climate change can be reconciled with economic and geopolitical competition. It also includes a response to the question the book has most often provoked: 'How can I help?'
Causal association of folic acid supplementary therapy and gastric ulcer: a Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Li Fuhao , Huang Fengming , Tang Yulong , Zhang Fan , Jiang Hao , Chen Jun , Lv Bin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrevious research has suggested a potential link between folic acid (FA) supplementary therapy and gastric ulcers (GU). To investigate this relationship further, we conducted a Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis using data from the UK Biobank. Our analysis primarily employed inverse-variance weighted (IVW) methods, including both fixed-effect and random-effect models. To ensure the robustness of our findings, additional methods such as the simple median, the weighted median and the penalised weighted median were also applied. The MR analysis aimed to explore the causal effect of FA supplementary therapy on GU. Seven SNP at genetic loci associated with FA supplementary therapy were identified. Both the random-effect and fixed-effect IVW models indicated that genetically predicted FA supplementary therapy significantly reduced the risk of GU (OR, 0·870; 95 % CI 0·826, 0·917, P < 0·001). This result was consistent across other methods, with similar outcomes observed using the simple median (OR, 0·835; 95 % CI 0·773, 0·901, P < 0·001), the weighted median (OR, 0·854; 95 % CI 0·794, 0·919, P < 0·001) and the penalised weighted median (OR, 0·849; 95 % CI 0·789, 0·914, P < 0·001). Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis confirmed that no individual SNP significantly drove the association between FA supplementary therapy and GU. This MR study provides genetic evidence that FA supplementary therapy may decrease the risk of GU.