bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis Duration in Patients Undergoing Cystectomy With Urinary Diversion
Authors: Thurnheer Maria C. , Schürmann Astrid , Huber Markus , Marschall Jonas , Wuethrich Patrick Y. , Burkhard Fiona C. 
Published: October 2024

ImportancePerioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) reduces the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs). Guidelines recommend 24 hours or less of PAP for cystectomy with urinary diversion; however, evidence specifying optimal PAP duration for this surgery is lacking, and prolonged administration of PAP is common practice.ObjectiveTo establish noninferiority of 24-hour PAP vs extended-duration PAP in preventing SSIs within 90 days after cystectomy with urinary diversion.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis single-center, noninferiority randomized clinical trial was performed from April 18, 2018, to August 18, 2022, in patients aged older than 18 years undergoing elective open cystectomy with urinary diversion. Exclusion criteria were contraindications to administered drugs and inability to follow study procedures.InterventionPAP administered for 24 hours (24-hour PAP group) vs PAP until all catheters and stents were removed (extended PAP group).Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary end point was the rate of SSI, and the secondary end points included all-cause mortality, both within 90 days after surgery. Noninferiority of the 24-hour PAP treatment was assessed by comparing the 90% CI (corresponding to a significance level of α = .05) with the predefined noninferiority margin of 10%.ResultsA total of 95 patients were randomly assigned to the 24-hour PAP group (median [IQR] age, 69.3 [63.1-76.8] years; 66 males [69.5%]) and 98 to the extended PAP group (median [IQR] age, 69.5 [60.8-75.5] years; 68 males [69.4%]). Patients in the 24-hour PAP group received PAP for a median of 1 day (IQR, 1-1 day), and patients in the extended PAP group received PAP for a median of 8 days (IQR, 7-10 days). No significant differences in SSIs occurring within 90 days were found (24-hour PAP group, 8 patients [8.4%]; extended PAP group, 12 patients [12.2%]; P = .53). The risk difference for 90-day cumulative SSI incidence was −3.8% (90% CI, −11.1% to 3.4%), establishing noninferiority of 24-hour PAP vs extended PAP to prevent SSI. Mortality was not significantly different between groups.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this randomized clinical trial demonstrate noninferiority of 24-hour PAP vs extended-duration PAP in preventing SSIs within 90 days after cystectomy with urinary diversion and may contribute to antibiotic stewardship efforts in urology.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03305627
Current Burden of and Geographic Disparities in Liver Mortality and Access to Liver Transplant
Authors: Rinella Nicolas S. , Charlton William , Reddy Gautham , McLean Diaz Paige , Charlton Michael R. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceLiver disease is a leading cause of mortality in the US. Liver transplant can be a lifesaving procedure for patients with severe liver disease.ObjectiveTo assess temporal trends and geographic variance in liver-related mortality (LRM) and liver transplant in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, the frequencies and geographic variance of LRM in 2018 and 2021 were obtained in a cross-sectional analysis of the Underlying Cause of Death data available on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Epidemiologic Research database. The number of livers donated and transplanted according to the state of residence of each donor and recipient were obtained from the United Network for Organ Sharing.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLiver-related mortality in 2018 and 2021, overall and by state, as well as the liver transplant rate according to state of residence of recipient and donor.ResultsOverall LRM in the US was 93 418 in 2021, with a crude rate of 28.1 per 100 000 individuals, an increase of 19.1% compared with rates seen immediately prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2018 (77 282 [23.6 per 100 000 individuals]). Liver-related mortality in 2021 varied several-fold between states, from 18.4 per 100 000 individuals per year in Utah to 65.9 per 100 000 individuals per year in New Mexico. The mean number of liver-related deaths per transplant from all donor sources (in state and out of state) was 7.2 in the lowest LRM quintile compared with 21.5 in the highest (95% CI, 12.1-16.6; SE, 1.1; P &amp;lt; .001). Ten states had no liver transplant center. Paradoxically, residents of states with the highest LRM had a much lower rate of liver transplant (at any location) from organs procured from in-state residents than states with the lowest LRM quintile (13.0% vs 35.2% in-state donors; 95% CI, 14.1%-30.3%; SE, 3.9%; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study suggests that rates of LRM have increased dramatically since the COVID-19 pandemic and vary several-fold between states. Rates of liver transplant are paradoxically lowest among residents living in states with the highest LRM. These findings highlight apparent geographic disparities in access to liver transplant that allocation policy cannot address.
Maternal Prenatal Cannabis Use and Child Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Avalos Lyndsay A. , Shenkute Mahlet , Alexeeff Stacey E. , Oberman Nina , Croen Lisa A. , Davignon Meghan , Adams Sara R. , Ansley Deborah , Castellanos Carley , Young-Wolff Kelly C. 
Published: October 2024

IMPORTANCEDespite an increase in maternal prenatal cannabis use and associations with adverse neonatal outcomes, research on child neurodevelopmental outcomes is limited.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the association between maternal cannabis use in early pregnancy and child autism spectrum disorder (ASD).DESIGN, SETTING, and PARTICIPANTSThis population-based retrospective birth cohort study included children born between 2011 and 2019 to pregnant Kaiser Permanente Northern California members screened for prenatal cannabis use during pregnancy. Statistical analysis was conducted February 2023 to March 2024.EXPOSURESMaternal prenatal cannabis use was assessed at entrance to prenatal care (approximately 8- to 10-weeks’ gestation) via self-report and/or positive urine toxicology test. Use frequency was assessed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresChild ASD was defined by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis codes ascertained from the electronic health record. Associations between maternal prenatal cannabis use and child ASD were modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for maternal sociodemographic, other substance use and disorders, prenatal care initiation, comorbidities, and clustering among maternal siblings.RESULTSThe study cohort included 178 948 singleton pregnancies among 146 296 unique pregnant individuals, including 48 880 (27.3%) Asian or Pacific Islander, 42 799 (23.9%) Hispanic, 9742 (5.4%) non-Hispanic Black, and 70 733 (39.5%) non-Hispanic White pregnancies. The median (IQR) maternal age at pregnancy onset was 31 (6) years; 8486 (4.7%) screened positive for cannabis use, 7054 (3.9%) via urine toxicology testing and 3662 (2.0%) by self-report. In the total study population, the frequency of self-reported use was monthly or less for 2003 pregnancies (1.1%), weekly for 918 pregnancies (0.5%), daily for 741 pregnancies (0.4%), and unknown for 4824 pregnancies (2.7%). ASD was diagnosed in 3.6% of children. After adjustment for maternal characteristics, maternal prenatal cannabis use was not associated with child ASD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% CI, 0.84-1.32). When self-reported frequency of use was assessed, no statistically significant associations were observed after confounder adjustment. No sex-specific associations were documented (males: HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.77-1.32; and females: HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.77-1.85).CONCLUSIONS and RelevanceIn this cohort study, maternal cannabis use assessed in early pregnancy was not associated with child ASD. Additional studies are needed to evaluate different patterns of use throughout pregnancy. Given the known adverse neonatal health effects of maternal prenatal cannabis use, clinicians should follow national guidelines and advise against use.
Fusing remote and social sensing data for flood impact mapping
Authors: Akhtar Zainab , Qazi Umair , El‐Sakka Aya , Sadiq Rizwan , Ofli Ferda , Imran Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe absence of comprehensive situational awareness information poses a significant challenge for humanitarian organizations during their response efforts. We present Flood Insights, an end‐to‐end system, that ingests data from multiple nontraditional data sources such as remote sensing, social sensing, and geospatial data. We employ state‐of‐the‐art natural language processing and computer vision models to identify flood exposure, ground‐level damage and flood reports, and most importantly, urgent needs of affected people. We deploy and test the system during a recent real‐world catastrophe, the 2022 Pakistan floods, to surface critical situational and damage information at the district level. We validated the system's effectiveness through various statistical analyses using official ground‐truth data, showcasing its strong performance and explanatory power of integrating multiple data sources. Moreover, the system was commended by the United Nations Development Programme stationed in Pakistan, as well as local authorities, for pinpointing hard‐hit districts and enhancing disaster response.
The virtual driving instructor: Multi‐agent system collaborating via knowledge graph for scalable driver education
Authors: Rehm Johannes , Reshodko Irina , Børresen Stian Zimmermann , Gundersen Odd Erik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis work introduces the design, development, and deployment of a virtual driving instructor (VDI) for enhanced driver education. The VDI provides personalized, real‐time feedback to students in a driving simulator, addressing some of the limitations of traditional driver instruction. Employing a hybrid AI system, the VDI combines rule‐based agents, learning‐based agents, knowledge graphs, and Bayesian networks to assess and monitor student performance in a comprehensive manner. Implemented in multiple simulators at a driving school in Norway, the system aims to leverage AI and driving simulation to improve both the learning experience and the efficiency of instruction. Initial feedback from students has been largely positive, highlighting the effectiveness of this integration while also pointing to areas for further improvement. This marks a significant stride in infusing technology into driver education, offering a scalable and efficient approach to instruction.
Determinants of Self‐Management Behavior in Gout: A Scoping Review
Authors: van der Ven Jeffrey , van den Bemt Bart J. F. , Flendrie Marcel , Vriezekolk Johanna E. , Verhoef Lise M. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify modifiable determinants of self‐management behavior in patients with gout.MethodsFour databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) were searched using terms related to gout, self‐management, and determinants of behavior as described in the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Two reviewers independently selected relevant studies via screening of title/abstract and full text. Thematic synthesis was performed for qualitative data; quantitative data were summarized using cross‐tabulation displaying the investigated associations of determinants with self‐management behavior. The TDF facilitated identification and grouping of determinants.ResultsFrom 2,087 unique articles found, 56 studies were included in this review, of which there were 27 qualitative and 29 quantitative studies. Eight themes were identified: knowledge and skills for self‐management, acceptance of disease, beliefs about necessity of self‐management to improve gout‐related health, resistance and reluctance for medication adherence and dietary alteration/changes, negative emotions influencing self‐management, social support and interactions, environmental context, and self‐regulation of behavior. Quantitative determinants associated with self‐management behavior, predominantly medication adherence, were mapped to 12 of the 14 domains of the TDF. No determinants regarding skills and goals have been identified in quantitative research.ConclusionIntervention targets for self‐management behavior in patients with gout mainly included determinants related to knowledge, implicit and explicit beliefs and attitudes, the environmental context and resources, and (social) support and reinforcement.
Adhesively Bridging SAM Molecules and Perovskites for Highly Efficient Photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Xin , Chen Chun‐Hao , Su Zhen Huang , Chen Jing , Wang Kai‐Li , Xia Yu , Nizamani Namatullah , Huang Lei , Jin Run‐Jun , Li Yu‐Han , Yu Gao Xing , Wang Zhao‐Kui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe effective utilization of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) has indeed resulted in significant improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the poor interface contact between self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) and perovskite layers limits the further improvement of inverted PSCs. Herein, polyaniline is employed as a conductive adhesive, enabling interaction with the perovskite and simultaneous coupling with the SAM, to optimize the buried interface contact. Furthermore, the adhesive strategy is validated to alleviate residual tensile strain at the buried interface using the non‐destructive back grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (BGIWAXS) technique. As a result, the optimized inverted PSCs achieve a champion PCE of 25.59% with impressive stability by retaining 97.3% of its initial efficiency after 1200 h under ambient conditions and light‐emitting diode illumination. The findings provide a facial adhesive bridging strategy to play more impressive functions in the SAM‐based inverted PSCs.
Super Strong and Tough PVA Hydrogel Fibers Based on an Ordered‐to‐Disordered Structural Construction Strategy Targeting Artificial Ligaments
Authors: Chen Yanting , Sun Xiaoning , Luo Longbo , Li Hongxiang , Chen Ning , Yan Cenqi , Liu Xiangyang , Li Jianshu , Qin Meng , Qin Jiaqiang , Cheng Pei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHydrogels with high strength, high modulus, and high toughness have great application potential in the field of artificial human load‐bearing tissues, but the preparation of materials with the above high performance is still a huge challenge. In this paper, a structural construction strategy of ordered‐to‐disordered (OTD) transition is proposed to obtain hydrogel fibers with high strength, high modulus, and high toughness. The structural construction strategy of OTD refers to the ordered‐to‐disordered transition of molecular segments in PVA polymer fibers through swelling and subsequent salting‐out treatment, while still maintaining the general order of the entire polymer chain. PVA molecular chain crystallites provide physical crosslinking to stabilize the structure. The results show that the elongation at break of the hydrogel fiber can reach 257%). The strength reaches 190.04 MPa, which is more than 4 times higher than that of human ligaments. The modulus reaches 137.31 MPa, which perfectly matches the human ligaments, and the toughness can reach 100.61 MJ m−3. In addition, it has stable mechanical properties in liquid environment and excellent biocompatibility, which has great application potential in the field of artificial ligaments. This OTD structural construction strategy provides a facile approach to achieving hydrogel fibers with desired mechanical properties.
Rational Designed Polymeric Rigid Cages for Trapping Bulky Vegetable Oils toward Versatile Bio‐Based Adhesives
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhang Guoliang , Ma Chunfeng , Zhang Guangzhao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolymer gels stand out as emerging and promising materials in adhesives. However, flexible network and network–solvent mismatch affect their strengths and stabilities. Regulating the network architectures of polymer gels via molecular design is a promising strategy to overcome these drawbacks. Herein, a novel polymeric rigid cage (PRC) network structure design is proposed for capturing bulky vegetable oils via mechanically interlocking supramolecular interactions or steric hindrance effect to fabricate universal polymer gels‐based adhesives. By rationally designing and refining the architectures, the rigid cage prepared by 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and N,N,N″,N″‐tetra(2‐hydroxypropyl) ethylenediamine (EDTP) possesses optimal encapsulation effect for epoxidized linseed oil (ELO). The resulting RCE‐50 gel exhibited robust mechanical properties (≈65 MPa) and excellent stability (high temperatures, high pressures, solvents immersion). Owing to high strength and stability of the polyurethane network, adhesion effect of high‐density amino ester groups, as well as the hydrophobic and toughening effects of ELO, the RCE‐50 gel can be used as a versatile adhesive with high adhesive strength under different conditions. This study proposes a new approach for innovating the properties of polymer gels, provides a novel idea for designing porous polymer materials, and offers fresh insights for developing versatile bio‐based adhesives.
Robust, Switchable and Printable Underwater Adhesives Based on a Temperature‐Deactivated Design
Authors: Ou Richang , Wang Shuxue , Li Jingjing , Li Zhaojun , Yu Liangmin , Wang Zhihang , Murto Petri , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConventional adhesives generally suffer from diminished adhesion in aqueous environments, posing significant challenges for their application in wet and submerged conditions. While extensive research efforts are directed toward enhancing the interfacial bonding, cohesive strength, and durability of adhesives in such environments, most existing underwater adhesives remain static and irreversible. This limitation hinders their reusability and often results in undesirable residues. Addressing the challenge of achieving strong underwater adhesion with on‐demand detachment remains crucial. This study introduces the development of temperature‐responsive underwater adhesives that demonstrate outstanding bonding strength, reversibility, and durability. Through the strategic integration of interfacial bonding, reinforced cross‐linking networks, dynamic hydrogen bonds, and upper critical solution temperature (UCST)‐driven phase transitions, one of the few temperature‐deactivated adhesives is created. The optimized adhesive is distinguished by its performance to achieve underwater adhesion strengths exceeding 1.4 MPa, nearly 100% switching efficiency and residue‐free adherend under mild thermal cycling. Beyond the template‐assisted fabrication of adhesive patches, 3D printable adhesives are achieved with programmable architectures via direct ink‐writing. This work highlights the development of temperature‐deactivated underwater adhesives activated by UCST‐type phase transitions, not only boosting adhesion strengths and switching efficiencies across various water conditions but also broadening their applicability with user‐defined and application‐specific functions.
Fast and Stable NH4+/H+ Co‐Coordinated Carboxyl‐Rich N‐Heterocyclic Cathode for High‐Performance Zinc‐Organic Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yehui , Huang Qi , Song Ziyang , Miao Ling , Lv Yaokang , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDesigning multi‐active‐site organic cathodes with new redox‐motif chemistry is critical but still challenging for propelling better Zn‐organic batteries (ZOBs). Here an 8 fold‐active‐site N‐heterocyclic organic molecule cathode is reported, 4,4′,4″,4‴‐(pyrazino[2,3‐g]quinoxaline‐2,3,7,8‐tetrayl)tetrabenzoic acid (TBA) with dual carboxyl/imine moieties toward superior ZOBs. Compared with N‐heterocyclic phenazine, rich carboxyl motifs in TBA serve as both redox sites and electron structure regulators, affording enhanced electron delocalization activity (−4.54 vs −1.078 a.u.) and low‐energy‐barrier redox kinetics (2.14 vs 2.45 eV). TBA redox‐exclusively couples with small‐hydration‐size and high‐kinetics NH4+/H+ charge carriers but excludes larger and rigid Zn2+ ions, due to a lower activation energy (0.12 vs 0.29 eV). Consequently, eight‐electron NH4+/H+ co‐storage endows fast and stable Zn||TBA battery with high capacities (302 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1; 151 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1) and ultralong life (20000 cycles). This work opens new horizons to build new‐type multielectron redox motifs for advanced zinc‐organic batteries.
Photothermoelectric Device Based on Near‐Infrared Absorption and Reflection of Transparent Conductive Oxides
Authors: Bianchi Catarina , Faustino Bruno M. M. , Marques Ana , Ferreira Isabel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA novel transparent photothermoelectric device has been developed, leveraging the advantageous thermoelectric properties of transparent conductive oxide thin films such as aluminium‐doped zinc oxide (AZO), and the absorption or reflectance properties of indium thin oxide (ITO) for near‐infrared (NIR) radiation. AZO exhibits transmittance exceeding 70% across a broad range of wavelengths (400–2200 nm) and a high Seebeck coefficient (120–150 µV K−1). Through heat treatments between 300 and 500 °C, ITO's NIR absorption is optimized to values above 40% in the 1–1.5 µm range. The optimized thickness of the ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer structure has an 80% reflectance for wavelengths above 1.2 µm. Integrating these two layers on a transparent thermoelectric AZO film creates a thermal gradient induced by infrared (IR) radiation. This gradient results in a photothermal potential that is sensitive to sunlight intensity, with a sensitivity measured at 1.5 mV W−1. This innovation marks a significant advancement in technology, showcasing the potential for transparent devices in smart windows.
Shell Materials for Chewable Capsules, From Design of Experiments to Optimal Dosage Form Manufacturing
Authors: Quemeneur Fanny , Igonin Annabel , Herry Catherine , Girod‐Fullana Sophie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInnovations in chewable dosage forms provide solutions for swallowing difficulties faced by certain patient populations. Chewable softgel capsules (SGC) offer opportunities to expand the benefits of SGC, excelling in the delivery of lipid‐based formulations by optimizing the mechanical properties of the shell material without compromising industrial‐scale manufacturing. This study employs an original approach, with a target product profile that aims to combine processability and chewability, to develop optimized chewable dosage forms. Through a mixture design of experiments, key factors such as plasticizer content and the addition of acid‐modified thin‐boiling corn starch are explored, focusing on response parameters critical to achieving the desired properties of the capsule shell material. Optimal shell compositions—one starch‐free and another containing 9% w/w starch, with respective gelatin/non‐volatile plasticizer ratios of 0.81 and 0.67 are determined and evaluated by manufacturing chewable SGC at pilot scale using rotary die technology. The successful manufacturing and resulting capsules, which exhibit the intended properties, highlight the efficiency of this approach in striking the right balance between processability, soft texture, and quick disintegration time.