bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Temperature on Clopyralid Safety in Strawberry
Authors: Sharpe Shaun M. , Boyd Nathan S. , Dittmar Peter J. , MacDonald Greg E. , Darnell Rebecca L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractStrawberry is an important horticultural crop in Florida. The long growing season and escapes from fumigation and PRE herbicides necessitate POST weed management to maximize harvest potential and efficiency. Alternatives to hand-weeding are desirable, but clopyralid is the only broadleaf herbicide registered for use. Weed control may be improved by early-season clopyralid applications, but at risk of high temperature and increased strawberry injury. The effect of temperature on clopyralid safety on strawberry is unknown. We undertook a growth chamber experiment using a completely randomized design to determine crop safety under various temperature conditions across acclimation, herbicide application, and post-application periods. There was no effect of clopyralid on the number of strawberry leaves across all temperatures. Damage to the strawberry manifested as leaf malformations. Acclimation temperatures affected clopyralid-associated injury (p=0.0309), with increased leaf malformations at higher temperatures (27 C) compared to lower (18 C) temperatures. Pre-treatment temperatures did not affect clopyralid injury. Post-application temperature also affected clopyralid injury (p=0.0161), with increased leaf malformations at higher temperatures compared to lower ones. Clopyralid application did not reduce flowering or biomass production in the growth chamber. If leaf malformations are to be avoided, consideration to growing conditions prior to application is advisable, especially if applying clopyralid early in the season.
Novel rare variations in genes that regulate developmental change in N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Yoshikawa Akane , Nishimura Fumichika , Inai Aya , Eriguchi Yosuke , Nishioka Masaki , Takaya Atsuhiko , Tochigi Mamoru , Kawamura Yoshiya , Umekage Tadashi , Kato Kayoko , Sasaki Tsukasa , Kasai Kiyoto , Kakiuchi Chihiro 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe mechanism underlying the vulnerability to developing schizophrenia (SCZ) during adolescence remains elusive. Hypofunction of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of SCZ. During development, the composition of synaptic NMDARs dramatically changes from NR2B-containing NMDARs to NR2A-containing NMDARs through the phosphorylation of NR2B S1480 or Y1472 by CDK5, CSNK2A1, and EphB2, which plays a pivotal role in the maturation of neural circuits. We hypothesized that the dysregulation of developmental change in NMDARs could be involved in the onset of SCZ. Using next-generation sequencing, we re-sequenced all the coding regions and splice sites of CDK5, CSNK2A1, and EphB2 in 474 patients with SCZ and 475 healthy controls. Variants on the database for human control subjects of Japanese origin were removed and all the nonsynonymous and nonsense variants were validated using Sanger sequencing. Four novel variants in CDK5 were observed in patients with SCZ but were not observed in controls. The total number of variants, however, was not significantly different between the SCZ and control groups (P=0.062). In silico analyses predicted P271T to be damaging. Further genetic research using a larger sample is required to examine whether CDK5 is involved in the pathophysiology of SCZ.
Testing frameworks for personalizing bipolar disorder
Authors: Cochran Amy L. , Schultz André , McInnis Melvin G. , Forger Daniel B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe hallmark of bipolar disorder is a clinical course of recurrent manic and depressive symptoms of varying severity and duration. Mathematical modeling of bipolar disorder holds the promise of an ability to personalize diagnoses, to predict future mood episodes, to directly compare diverse datasets, and to link basic mechanisms to behavioral data. Several modeling frameworks have been proposed for bipolar disorder, which represent competing hypothesis about the basic framework of the disorder. Here, we test these hypotheses with self-report assessments of mania and depression symptoms from 178 bipolar patients followed prospectively for 4 or more years. Statistical analysis of the data did not support the hypotheses that mood arises from a rhythmic process or multiple stable states (e.g., mania or depression) or that manic and depressive symptoms are highly anti-correlated. Alternatively, it is shown that bipolar disorder could arise from an inability for mood to quickly return to normal when perturbed. This latter concept is embodied by an affective instability model that can be personalized to the clinical course of any individual with chronic disorders that have an affective component.
Ubiquitin-specific protease 4 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via cyclophilin A stabilization and deubiquitination
Authors: Li Tianyi , Yan Bin , Ma Yang , Weng Junyong , Yang Shouwen , Zhao Nan , Wang Xiaoliang , Sun Xing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUbiquitin-specific protease 4 (USP4) is a member of the deubiquitinating enzyme family, which plays an important role in human tumor diseases. However, the mechanisms by which USP4 facilitates tumor development, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remain unclear. Clinically, we found that USP4 is overexpressed in human HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumoral tissues and is significantly correlated with malignant phenotype characteristics, including tumor size, tumor number, differentiation, serum alpha-fetoprotein level, and vascular invasion. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed a poor overall survival rate in patients with USP4-overexpressing tumors. Analyses of univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models indicated that USP4 is a prognostic biomarker for poor outcome. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrated that USP4 overexpression enhanced HCC cell growth, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, cyclophilin A (CypA) was identified as an important molecule for USP4-mediated oncogenic activity in HCC. We observed that USP4 interacted with CypA and inhibited CypA degradation via deubiquitination in HCC cells. Subsequently, the USP4/CypA complex activated the MAPK signaling pathway and prevented CrkII phosphorylation. These data suggest that USP4 acts as a novel prognostic marker, offering potential therapeutic opportunities for HCC.
YAP triggers the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and promotes enterocyte self-renewal, regeneration and tumorigenesis after DSS-induced injury
Authors: Deng Feihong , Peng Liang , Li Zhijun , Tan Gao , Liang Erbo , Chen Shengbo , Zhao Xinmei , Zhi Fachao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractImpaired epithelial regeneration is a crucial pathophysiological feature of ulcerative colitis (UC). Yes-associated protein (YAP1) appears to control cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we sought to identify the roles of YAP in intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) self-renewal, regeneration and tumorigenesis. We first observed that YAP was significantly reduced in 62.5% (45/72) of human UC tissues and it was dramatically enhanced during epithelial regeneration in a murine colitis model. Using lentiviral infection, we established a YAP-overexpression (YAPWT) mouse model. We then found that after tissue injury, YAPWT mice had increased epithelial cell self-renewal capacity and drastically restored intestinal crypt structure. Strikingly, these mice were more susceptible to colitis-associated cancer (CAC) in chemically induced carcinoma. Mechanistically, YAP and β-catenin showed increased nuclear co-localization during regeneration after inflammation. Overexpressing YAP significantly improved IEC ‘wound-healing’ ability and increased the expression of both β-catenin and the transcriptional targets of Wnt signalling Lgr5 and cyclin D1, whereas silencing β-catenin in YAPWT cells attenuated this effect. Remarkably, we observed that YAP could directly interact with β-catenin in the nucleus and formed a transcriptional YAP/β-catenin/TCF4 complex; Lgr5 and cyclin D1 were confirmed to be the target genes of this complex. In contrast, cancer cell proliferation and tumour development were suppressed by the phospho-mimetic YAP mutant. In summary, nuclear YAP-driven IEC proliferation could control epithelial regeneration after inflammation and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in UC. However, excessive YAP activation promoted CAC development.
Boosting lithium storage in covalent organic framework via activation of 14-electron redox chemistry
Authors: Lei Zhendong , Yang Qinsi , Xu Yi , Guo Siyu , Sun Weiwei , Liu Hao , Lv Li-Ping , Zhang Yong , Wang Yong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractConjugated polymeric molecules have been heralded as promising electrode materials for the next-generation energy-storage technologies owing to their chemical flexibility at the molecular level, environmental benefit, and cost advantage. However, before any practical implementation takes place, the low capacity, poor structural stability, and sluggish ion/electron diffusion kinetics remain the obstacles that have to be overcome. Here, we report the synthesis of a few-layered two-dimensional covalent organic framework trapped by carbon nanotubes as the anode of lithium-ion batteries. Remarkably, upon activation, this organic electrode delivers a large reversible capacity of 1536 mAh g−1 and can sustain 500 cycles at 100 mA g−1. Aided by theoretical calculations and electrochemical probing of the electrochemical behavior at different stages of cycling, the storage mechanism is revealed to be governed by 14-electron redox chemistry for a covalent organic framework monomer with one lithium ion per C=N group and six lithium ions per benzene ring. This work may pave the way to the development of high-capacity electrodes for organic rechargeable batteries.
Self-assembly of emissive supramolecular rosettes with increasing complexity using multitopic terpyridine ligands
Authors: Yin Guang-Qiang , Wang Heng , Wang Xu-Qing , Song Bo , Chen Li-Jun , Wang Lei , Hao Xin-Qi , Yang Hai-Bo , Li Xiaopeng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCoordination-driven self-assembly has emerged as a powerful bottom-up approach to construct various supramolecular architectures with increasing complexity and functionality. Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) has been incorporated into metallo-supramolecules to build luminescent materials based on aggregation-induced emission. We herein report three generations of ligands with full conjugation of TPE with 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (TPY) to construct emissive materials. Due to the bulky size of TPY substituents, the intramolecular rotations of ligands are partially restricted even in dilute solution, thus leading to emission in both solution and aggregation states. Furthermore, TPE-TPY ligands are assembled with Cd(II) to introduce additional restriction of intramolecular rotation and immobilize fluorophores into rosette-like metallo-supramolecules ranging from generation 1–3 (G1−G3). More importantly, the fluorescent behavior of TPE-TPY ligands is preserved in these rosettes, which display tunable emissive properties with respect to different generations, particularly, pure white-light emission for G2.
Efficient green light-emitting diodes based on quasi-two-dimensional composition and phase engineered perovskite with surface passivation
Authors: Yang Xiaolei , Zhang Xingwang , Deng Jinxiang , Chu Zema , Jiang Qi , Meng Junhua , Wang Pengyang , Zhang Liuqi , Yin Zhigang , You Jingbi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPerovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are attracting great attention due to their efficient and narrow emission. Quasi-two-dimensional perovskites with Ruddlesden–Popper-type layered structures can enlarge exciton binding energy and confine charge carriers and are considered good candidate materials for efficient LEDs. However, these materials usually contain a mixture of phases and the phase impurity could cause low emission efficiency. In addition, converting three-dimensional into quasi-two-dimensional perovskite introduces more defects on the surface or at the grain boundaries due to the reduction of crystal sizes. Both factors limit the emission efficiency of LEDs. Here, firstly, through composition and phase engineering, optimal quasi-two-dimensional perovskites are selected. Secondly, surface passivation is carried out by coating organic small molecule trioctylphosphine oxide on the perovskite thin film surface. Accordingly, green LEDs based on quasi-two-dimensional perovskite reach a current efficiency of 62.4 cd A−1 and external quantum efficiency of 14.36%.
Genetic control of meristem arrest and life span in Arabidopsis by a FRUITFULL-APETALA2 pathway
Authors: Balanzà Vicente , Martínez-Fernández Irene , Sato Shusei , Yanofsky Martin F. , Kaufmann Kerstin , Angenent Gerco C. , Bemer Marian , Ferrándiz Cristina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMonocarpic plants have a single reproductive cycle in their lives, where life span is determined by the coordinated arrest of all meristems, or global proliferative arrest (GPA). The molecular bases for GPA and the signaling mechanisms involved are poorly understood, other than systemic cues from developing seeds of unknown nature. Here we uncover a genetic pathway regulating GPA in Arabidopsis that responds to age-dependent factors and acts in parallel to seed-derived signals. We show that FRUITFULL (FUL), a MADS-box gene involved in flowering and fruit development, has a key role in promoting meristem arrest, as GPA is delayed and fruit production is increased in ful mutants. FUL directly and negatively regulates APETALA2 expression in the shoot apical meristem and maintains the temporal expression of WUSCHEL which is an essential factor for meristem maintenance.
Observation of topological Uhlmann phases with superconducting qubits
Authors: Viyuela O. , Rivas A. , Gasparinetti S. , Wallraff A. , Filipp S. , Martin-Delgado M. A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTopological insulators and superconductors at finite temperature can be characterized by the topological Uhlmann phase. However, a direct experimental measurement of this invariant has remained elusive in condensed matter systems. Here, we report a measurement of the topological Uhlmann phase for a topological insulator simulated by a system of entangled qubits in the IBM Quantum Experience platform. By making use of ancilla states, otherwise unobservable phases carrying topological information about the system become accessible, enabling the experimental determination of a complete phase diagram including environmental effects. We employ a state-independent measurement protocol which does not involve prior knowledge of the system state. The proposed measurement scheme is extensible to interacting particles and topological models with a large number of bands.
A comparative study of growth: different body weight trajectories in three species of the genus Eublepharis and their hybrids
Authors: Frynta Daniel , Jančúchová-Lásková Jitka , Frýdlová Petra , Landová Eva 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn extensive research effort is devoted to the evolution of life-histories and processes underlying the variation in adult body weight; however, in this regard, some animal taxa remain neglected. Here we report rates and timing of growth recorded in two wild-derived populations of a model lizard species,Eublepharis macularius(M, W), other two related species, i.e.,E. angramainyu(A) andE. sp. (D), and their between-species hybrids. We detected clear differences among the examined species/populations, which can be interpreted in the terms of “fast – slow” continuum of life-history strategies. The mean asymptotic body size was the highest in A and further decreased in the following order: M, W, and D. In contrast, the growth rate showed an opposite pattern. Counter-intuitively, the largest species exhibited the slowest growth rates. The final body size was determined mainly by the inflexion point. This parameter reflecting the duration of exponential growth increased with mean asymptotic body size and easily overcompensated the effect of decreasing growth rates in larger species. Compared to the parental species, the F1and backcross hybrids exhibited intermediate values of growth parameters. Thus, except for the case of the F2hybrid of MxA, we failed to detect deleterious effects of hybridization in these animals with temperature sex determination.
Socio-ecological dynamics of Caribbean coral reef ecosystems and conservation opinion propagation
Authors: Thampi Vivek A. , Anand Madhur , Bauch Chris T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Caribbean coral reef ecosystem has experienced a long history of deterioration due to various stressors. For instance, over-fishing of parrotfish – an important grazer of macroalgae that can prevent destructive overgrowth of macroalgae – has threatened reef ecosystems in recent decades and stimulated conservation efforts such as the formation of marine protected areas. Here we develop a mathematical model of coupled socio-ecological interactions between reef dynamics and conservation opinion dynamics to better understand how natural and human factors interact individually and in combination to determine coral reef cover. We find that the coupling opinion and reef systems generates complex dynamics that are difficult to anticipate without use of a model. For instance, instead of converging to a stable state of constant coral cover and conservationist opinion, the system can oscillate between low and high live coral cover as human opinion oscillates in a boom-bust cycle between complacency and concern. Out of various possible parameter manipulations, we also find that raising awareness of coral reef endangerment best avoids counter-productive nonlinear feedbacks and always increases and stabilizes live coral reef cover. In conclusion, an improved understanding of coupled opinion-reef dynamics under anthrogenic stressors is possible using coupled socio-ecological models, and such models should be further researched.
Phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging of light and heavy atoms at the limit of contrast and resolution
Authors: Yücelen Emrah , Lazić Ivan , Bosch Eric G. T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUsing state of the art scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) it is nowadays possible to directly image single atomic columns at sub-Å resolution. In standard (high angle) annular dark field STEM ((HA)ADF-STEM), however, light elements are usually invisible when imaged together with heavier elements in one image. Here we demonstrate the capability of the recently introduced Integrated Differential Phase Contrast STEM (iDPC-STEM) technique to image both light and heavy atoms in a thin sample at sub-Å resolution. We use the technique to resolve both the Gallium and Nitrogen dumbbells in a GaN crystal in [$${\bf{10}}\bar{{\bf{1}}}{\bf{1}}$$
10

1
¯

1
] orientation, which each have a separation of only 63 pm. Reaching this ultimate resolution even for light elements is possible due to the fact that iDPC-STEM is a direct phase imaging technique that allows fine-tuning the microscope while imaging. Apart from this qualitative imaging result, we also demonstrate a quantitative match of ratios of the measured intensities with theoretical predictions based on simulations.
Repeated Measures of Blood and Breath Ammonia in Response to Control, Moderate and High Protein Dose in Healthy Men
Authors: Spacek Lisa A. , Strzepka Arthur , Saha Saurabh , Kotula Jonathan , Gelb Jeffrey , Guilmain Sarah , Risby Terence , Solga Steven F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAmmonia physiology is important to numerous disease states including urea cycle disorders and hepatic encephalopathy. However, many unknowns persist regarding the ammonia response to common and potentially significant physiologic influences, such as food. Our aim was to evaluate the dynamic range of ammonia in response to an oral protein challenge in healthy participants. We measured blood and breath ammonia at baseline and every hour for 5.5 hours. Healthy men (N = 22, aged 18 to 24 years) consumed a 60 g protein shake (high dose); a subset of 10 consumed a 30 g protein shake (moderate dose) and 12 consumed an electrolyte drink containing 0 g protein (control). Change in blood ammonia over time varied by dose (p = 0.001). Difference in blood ammonia was significant for control versus high (p = 0.0004) and moderate versus high (p = 0.03). Change in breath ammonia over time varied by dose (p < 0.0001). Difference in breath ammonia was significant for control versus moderate (p = 0.03) and control versus high (p = 0.0003). Changes in blood and breath ammonia were detectable by fast, minimally-invasive (blood) or non-invasive (breath) point-of-care ammonia measurement methods. These pilot data may contribute to understanding normal ammonia metabolism. Novel measurement methods may aid research into genetic and metabolic ammonia disorders.
House dust mite and Cockroach specific Immunoglobulin E sensitization is associated with diabetes mellitus in the adult Korean population
Authors: Kim Mee Kyoung , Jeong Jee Sun , Han Kyungdo , Baek Ki Hyun , Song Ki-Ho , Kwon Hyuk-Sang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractImmunoglobulin E (IgE) is known to activate mast cells. Prior studies have shown that mast cells contribute to diet-induced obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to determine whether adults with IgE sensitization were at risk of DM. We performed assays regarding serum total IgE and allergen-specific IgE levels against the house dust mite, the cockroach, and the dog on 1,528 adults randomly sampled from every age and gender group in various districts. The total and three allergen-specific IgE levels were positively correlated with fasting glucose level and insulin resistance. Subjects with increased levels of total IgE (>100 kU/L), compared to those without, had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.72 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.17–2.54) for DM after adjusting for various covariates. Further controlling for previous allergic disease did not attenuate the association between total IgE level and DM. Subjects sensitized to the house dust mite (OR 1.63, 95% CI, 1.03–2.59) and the cockroach (OR 2.27, 95% CI, 1.40–3.66) were also at increased risk of DM. We found a strong positive association between IgE sensitization and DM in a general Korean population, suggesting that IgE may be an important independent risk factor for metabolic diseases in Koreans.