bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired brain glucose metabolism in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor knockout mice
Authors: Li Hui , Fang Yujiao , Wang Da , Shi Bowen , Thompson Garth J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Quantitative mapping of the brain’s metabolism is a critical tool in studying and diagnosing many conditions, from obesity to neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, noninvasive approaches are urgently required. Recently, there have been promising drug development approaches for the treatment of disorders related to glucose metabolism in the brain and, therefore, against obesity-associated diseases. One of the most important drug targets to emerge has been the Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its receptor (GLP-1R). GLP and GLP-1R play an important role in regulating blood sugar and maintaining energy homeostasis. However, the macroscopic effects on brain metabolism and function due to the presence of GLP-1R are unclear.

Methods
To explore the physiological role of GLP-1R in mouse brain glucose metabolism, and its relationship to brain function, we used three methods. We used deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DMRS) to provide quantitative information about metabolic flux, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to measure brain glucose metabolism, and resting state-functional MRI (rs-fMRI) to measure brain functional connectivity. We used these methods in both mice with complete GLP-1R knockout (GLP-1R KO) and wild-type C57BL/6N (WT) mice.

Results
The metabolic rate of GLP-1R KO mice was significantly slower than that of WT mice (p = 0.0345, WT mice 0.02335 ± 0.057 mM/min, GLP-1R KO mice 0.01998 ± 0.07 mM/min). Quantification of the mean [18F]FDG signal in the whole brain also showed significantly reduced glucose uptake in GLP-1R KO mice versus control mice (p = 0.0314). Observing rs-fMRI, the functional brain connectivity in GLP-1R KO mice was significantly lower than that in the WT group (p = 0.0032 for gFCD, p = 0.0002 for whole-brain correlation, p < 0.0001 for ALFF).

Conclusions
GLP-1R KO mice exhibit impaired brain glucose metabolism to high doses of exogenous glucose, and they also have reduced functional connectivity. This suggests that the GLP-1R KO mouse model may serve as a model for correlated metabolic and functional connectivity loss.
Wafer-scale integration of two-dimensional perovskite oxides towards motion recognition
Authors: Deng Ming , Li Ziqing , Liu Shiyuan , Fang Xiaosheng , Wu Limin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTwo-dimensional semiconductors have shown great potential for the development of advanced intelligent optoelectronic systems. Among them, two-dimensional perovskite oxides with compelling optoelectronic performance have been thriving in high-performance photodetection. However, harsh synthesis and defect chemistry severely limit their overall performance and further large-scale heterogeneous integration. Here, we report the wafer-scale integration of highly oriented nanosheets by introducing a charge-assisted oriented assembly film-formation process and confirm its universality and scalability. The shallow-trap dominance induced by structural optimization endows the device with a distinguished performance balance, including high photosensitivity close to that of single nanosheet units and fast response speed. An integrated ultra-flexible 256-pixel device demonstrates the versatility of material-to-substrate integration and conformal imaging functionality. Moreover, the device achieves efficient recognition of multidirectional motion trajectories with an accuracy of over 99.8%. Our work provides prescient insights into the large-area fabrication and utilization of 2D perovskite oxides in advanced optoelectronics.
Novel Megaptera novaeangliae (Humpback whale) haplotype chromosome-level reference genome
Authors: Carminati Maria-Vittoria , Gashi Vlonjat Lonnie , Li Ruiqi , Klee Daniel Jacob , Padula Sara Rose , Patel Ajay Manish , Tan Andy Dick Yee , Mattos Jacqueline , Kane Nolan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe sequencing of a kidney sample (KW2013002) from a stranded Megaptera novaeangliae (Humpback whale) calf is the first chromosome-level reference genome for this species1. The calf, a 457 cm and 2,500 lbs male, was found stranded in Hawai’i Kai, HI, in 2013 and was marked as abandoned/orphaned. In 2023, 1 g of kidney was sequenced with PacBio long-read DNA sequencing, chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C), RNA sequencing, and mitochondrial sequencing to comprehensively characterize the genome and transcriptome of M. novaeangliae. Data validation includes a synteny analysis, mitochondrial annotation, and a comparison of BUSCO scores (scaffold v. reference genome and Balaenoptera musculus (Blue whale) v. M. novaeangliae). BUSCO analysis was performed on an M. novaeangliae scaffold-level assembly to determine genomic completeness of the reference genome, with a scaffold BUSCO score of 91.2% versus a score of 95.4%. Synteny analysis was performed using the B. musculus genome as comparison to determine chromosome-level coverage and structure. Further, a time-based phylogenetic tree was constructed using the sequenced data and publicly available genomes.
Dietary Chlorella vulgaris supplementation modulates health, microbiota and the response to oxidative stress of Atlantic salmon
Authors: Mueller Jonas , van Muilekom Doret R. , Ehlers Jannick , Suhr Marvin , Hornburg Stéphanie C. , Bang Corinna , Wilkes Marie , Schultheiß Thekla , Maser Edmund , Rebl Alexander , Goldammer Tom , Seibel Henrike , Schulz Carsten 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMicroalgae are emerging as functional feed ingredients in aquaculture due to their immune-stimulating and stress-modulating properties. We investigated the potential of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris as a feed supplement to improve the health and modulate microbiota and stress responses of Atlantic salmon. Triplicate groups of Atlantic salmon (~ 126 g) were reared in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) at 15 °C and received diets supplemented with 2% (CV2) or 14% (CV14) spray-dried C. vulgaris daily, 14% once weekly (CV14w), or a control diet (CD) for 8 weeks. Subsequently, all groups were exposed to an acute one-hour peracetic acid (CH3CO3H; PAA) treatment, a commonly used disinfectant in RAS. While CV14 increased feed conversion (FCR) significantly, feeding the diets CV2 and CV14w improved protein retention efficiency. CV14 significantly modulated beta-diversity in the intestinal digesta and mucosa, but this effect was already visible in fish fed CV2. Feeding CV14 and, to a lesser degree, CV2 increased the relative abundances of Paenarthrobacter and Trichococcus in the digesta and mucosa, which are able to metabolize complex carbohydrates. However, the same diets reduced the abundance of the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus and Weissella in the digesta and Floricoccus in the mucosa. Peracetic acid exposure induced systemic stress (increase in plasma glucose and cortisol) and a local immune response in the gill, with the most prominent upregulation of several immune- and stress-regulated genes (clra, cebpb, marco, tnfrsf14, ikba, c1ql2, drtp1) 18 h after exposure in fish fed the control diet. Fish receiving CV14 once a week showed a reduced transcriptional response to PAA exposure. Catalase protein abundance in the liver increased following exposure to PAA, while superoxide dismutase abundance in the gill and liver was increased in response to C. vulgaris inclusion before stress. Overall, the results highlight that a high (14%) inclusion rate of C. vulgaris in feed for Atlantic salmon impairs feed conversion and shifts the intestinal microbiota composition in digesta and mucosa. Weekly feeding of C. vulgaris proves a viable approach in improving protein retention and improving transcriptional resilience towards oxidative stress in increasingly intensive production systems. Thereby this study may motivate future studies on optimizing temporal feeding schedules for health-promoting aquafeeds.
Microarray analysis points to LMNB1 and JUN as potential target genes for predicting metastasis promotion by etoposide in colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Jiafei , Yang Hongjie , Li Peng , Zhou Yuanda , Zhang Zhichun , Zeng Qingsheng , Zhang Xipeng , Sun Yi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEtoposide is a second-line chemotherapy agent widely used for metastatic colorectal cancer. However, we discovered that etoposide treatment induced greater motility potential in four colorectal cancer cell lines. Therefore, we used microarrays to test the mRNA of these cancer cell lines to investigate the mechanisms of etoposide promoting colorectal cancer metastasis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing the gene expression profiles in samples from etoposide-treated cells and untreated cells in all four colorectal cancer cell lines. Next, these genes went through the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway analysis. Among the top 10 genes including the upregulated and downregulated, eight genes had close interaction according to the STRING database: FAS, HMMR, JUN, LMNB1, MLL3, PLK2, STAG1 and TBL1X. After etoposide treatment, the cell cycle, metabolism-related and senescence signaling pathways in the colorectal cancer cell lines were significantly downregulated, whereas necroptosis and oncogene pathways were significantly upregulated. We suggest that the differentially expressed genes LMNB1 and JUN are potential targets for predicting colorectal cancer metastasis. These results provide clinical guidance in chemotherapy, and offer direction for further research in the mechanism of colorectal cancer metastasis.
MRI grading for informed clinical decision-making in Peutz–Jeghers syndrome patients with cervical lesions
Authors: Jiang Anqi , Chen Yiqing , Ning Yan , Yu Bing , Wang Hui , Ma Fenghua , Xu Congjian , Kang Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe preoperative diagnosis and management of Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) patients with cervical lesions remain problematic. This study analysed the associations between pathological types of cervical lesions in PJS patients and their MRI features. A total of 34 PJS patients were included and two experienced radiologists reviewed the MRIs independently. Based on the pathological diagnosis, the patients were categorized into four groups: normal (n  =  4), lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH, n  =  11), atypical LEGH (aLEGH, n  =  8), and gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (G-EAC, n  =  11). By observing the MRI features, we found statistically significant differences in the extent of lesions (P  = 0 .001), distribution of microcysts (P  = 0 .001), proportion of microcysts (P  <  0.001) and endometrial involvement (P  = 0.019) among the four groups. Notably, solid components and disrupted cervical stromal rings were found only in the aLEGH and G-EAC groups (P  < 0.001). Consequently, we created a novel grading system based on the aforementioned MRI features to align with the potential malignancy of cervical lesions in PJS patients. This system enables patients to receive timely and appropriate treatment recommendations while facilitating collaboration between radiologists and physicians.
Stimulated emission from hexagonal silicon-germanium nanowires
Authors: van Tilburg Marvin A. J. , Farina Riccardo , van Lange Victor T. , Peeters Wouter H. J. , Meder Steffen , Jansen Marvin M. , Verheijen Marcel A. , Vettori M. , Finley Jonathan J. , Bakkers Erik. P. A. M. , Haverkort Jos. E. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHexagonal crystal phase silicon-germanium (hex-SiGe) features efficient direct bandgap emission between 1.5 and 3.4 µm. For expanding its application potential, the key challenge is to demonstrate material gain for enabling a hex-SiGe semiconductor laser. Here we report the transition from the spontaneous emission regime to the stimulated emission-dominated amplified spontaneous emission regime in the optically excited part of a hexagonal Si0.2Ge0.8 nanowire. We observe narrow resonance peaks arising above a spontaneous emission background, which show lasing signatures such as a threshold and a superlinear increase of the emission. A Hakki-Paoli analysis of the height of the cavity resonances provides the gain spectrum of hex-SiGe, showing evidence for a positive material gain. Measurements of the cavity line widths provide an independent assessment of the total cavity loss. While lasing has not been reached, the observation of optical amplification and amplified spontaneous emission provides a clear roadmap toward lasing in hexagonal SiGe. This opens a new pathway for the monolithic integration of a Si-compatible laser within electronic chips.
Structural insights into human zinc transporter ZnT1 mediated Zn2+ efflux
Authors: Long Yonghui , Zhu Zhini , Zhou Zixuan , Yang Chuanhui , Chao Yulin , Wang Yuwei , Zhou Qingtong , Wang Ming-Wei , Qu Qianhui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractZinc transporter 1 (ZnT1), the principal carrier of cytosolic zinc to the extracellular milieu, is important for cellular zinc homeostasis and resistance to zinc toxicity. Despite recent advancements in the structural characterization of various zinc transporters, the mechanism by which ZnTs-mediated Zn2+ translocation is coupled with H+ or Ca2+ remains unclear. To visualize the transport dynamics, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human ZnT1 at different functional states. ZnT1 dimerizes via extensive interactions between the cytosolic (CTD), the transmembrane (TMD), and the unique cysteine-rich extracellular (ECD) domains. At pH 7.5, both protomers adopt an outward-facing (OF) conformation, with Zn2+ ions coordinated at the TMD binding site by distinct compositions. At pH 6.0, ZnT1 complexed with Zn2+ exhibits various conformations [OF/OF, OF/IF (inward-facing), and IF/IF]. These conformational snapshots, together with biochemical investigation and molecular dynamic simulations, shed light on the mechanism underlying the proton-dependence of ZnT1 transport.
Efficient accessibility of indole and pyrrole nuclei via late-stage aryl C–H activation of drug molecules promoted by thianthrenium salts
Authors: Hu Wangcheng , Yang Tingting , Chen Shuguang , Yuan Lili , Shang Yongjia 
Published: October 2024

An efficient redox-neutral palladium-catalyzed system has been developed to introduce indole and pyrrole to various bioactive molecules via late-stage aryl C–H activation, providing a robust tool to explore structure–activity relationships (SARs).
Efficient multi‐perspective jamming feature perception network for suppressive jamming recognition with limited training samples
Authors: Wu Minghua , Lin Yupei , Cheng Dongyang , Zou Xiaohai , Rao Bin , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecognising suppressive jamming signals is crucial for radar systems to counteract this type of jamming, highlighting the importance of research in this area. Current deep learning‐based methods for identifying suppressive jamming signals suffer from reduced effectiveness with limited training samples and issues related to high parameter counts and computational complexity. To address these challenges, the authors propose a jamming recognition method based on an efficient multi‐perspective jamming feature perception network. This method extracts features from the time‐frequency spectrum of jamming signals from multiple perspectives, including local, multi‐scale, cross‐space, and global, to obtain more robust and discriminative jamming features and improve recognition under limited training sample conditions. Additionally, the authors design efficient modules for local jamming feature extraction, multi‐scale jamming feature down‐sampling, and global jamming feature representation. The lightweight design of these modules enables the proposed method to maintain excellent jamming recognition performance while reducing parameters and computational complexity. Simulation experiment outcomes highlight the exceptional effectiveness of the proposed technique across multiple metrics compared to eight other approaches. Furthermore, the proposed method exhibits significantly fewer parameters and lower computational complexity than its deep learning‐based counterparts.
Experimental validation of nonreciprocal metasurface using simple structure
Authors: Takahagi Kazuhiro , Tennant Alan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe non‐reciprocity of electromagnetic waves is a technology garnering significant attention for its applications in electromagnetic security and the mitigation of electromagnetic interference, serving to control radio waves in space. This article outlines a comprehensive design approach for a novel non‐reciprocal structure that integrates ferrite and metal patches. Additionally, it presents experimental results utilizing two types of ferrites. The experiments demonstrated the attainment of 15 dB isolation at both 6.25 GHz and 6.5 GHz.
Peri- und postnatale Depression und ihre Behandlungsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Yildiz Tugba , Zeiss René , Kammer Thomas , Malejko Kathrin 
Published: October 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDepressive Episoden treten in der Schwangerschaft und postpartal bei etwa jeder zehnten Frau auf und stellen damit eine der häufigsten peri- und postpartalen Erkrankungen dar. Die vorliegende Übersicht stellt die klinische Inzidenz dar. Es werden vorhandene Behandlungsoptionen der peri- und postnatalen Depression vorgestellt und klinisch bewertet. Die meiste klinische Erfahrung besteht in der medikamentösen Therapie und psychotherapeutischen Behandlung. Weniger zugänglich sind die Hirnstimulationsverfahren, die sich aber im Hinblick auf den Schutz des Foetus besonders eignen. Elektrokrampftherapie wird nur im stationären Rahmen durchgeführt. Die repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation hingegen eignet sich problemlos im ambulanten Bereich und stellt in Betrachten der spezifischen Risiken eine gut verträgliche und wirksame Behandlungsoption dar.
Telemedizinische Interventionen in ambulanten psychotherapeutischen
Praxen: deutschlandweite Online-Befragung von PsychotherapeutInnen und
PatientInnen zur Nutzung digitaler Interventionen
Authors: Alt Annika Kristin , Conzelmann Annette , Pascher Anja , Kühnhausen Jan , Renner Tobias J. 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Psychotherapie digitalisiert sich. Die Studie untersuchte
Nutzungsverhalten und Akzeptanz von digitalen Psychotherapie-Interventionen bei
ambulant tätigen PsychotherapeutInnen und PatientInnen.
Methode 269 TherapeutInnen und 157 PatientInnen beantworteten in einer
Online-Befragung Fragen zur Nutzung und Zufriedenheit von digitalen
Psychotherapie-Interventionen (Videotherapie, Apps, Virtuelle Realität,
sensorbasierter Psychotherapie), Technikaffinität, Technologieakzeptanz,
digitaler Therapie-Beziehung.
Ergebnisse Alle Teilnehmenden waren zufrieden mit der Videotherapie, gaben
an Apps, VR, etc. wenig zu nutzen. PatientInnen waren offener, technikaffiner,
fühlten sich im Vergleich zu TherapeutInnen kompetenter bei der Nutzung.
PsychotherapeutInnen bewertet die digitale therapeutische Beziehung besser als
PatientInnen.
Diskussion In der ambulanten Versorgung ist der Einsatz von digitalen
Technologien in der Psychotherapie noch nicht etabliert. Akzeptanzfördernde
Maßnahmen sind notwendig, um aktuelle Barrieren der Nutzung abzubauen.
Postpartum Management of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Six Large U.S. Hospital Systems: Descriptive Review and Identification of Clinical and Research Gaps
Authors: Palatnik Anna , Hauspurg Alisse , Hoppe Kara K. , Yee Lynn M. , Kulinski Jacqueline , Khan Sadiya S. , Sabol Bethany , Yarrington Christina D. , Freaney Priya M. , Parker Samantha E. 
Published: October 2024

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) are a key contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. Several gaps in knowledge remain regarding best practices in the postpartum management of HDPs. In this review, we describe postpartum HDPs management among six large academic U.S. hospital systems: Medical College of Wisconsin, University of Pittsburgh, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Northwestern University, University of Minnesota, and Boston Medical Center. We identified that all six health systems discharge patients with HDPs diagnosed with a blood pressure (BP) cuff and use the same two antihypertensive medications, nifedipine and labetalol, as first- and second-line treatment of HDPs. Northwestern University routinely adds oral furosemide for 5 days for patients with BP that exceeds 150/100 mm Hg. Most hospital systems administer magnesium sulfate routinely when readmission for HDPs occurs. In contrast, there was variation in BP threshold for antihypertensive treatment initiation, use of remote BP monitoring program, use of a transition clinic, delivery or lack of education on long-term cardiovascular disease risk, and BP management through the first 6 weeks postpartum and beyond. Based on the clinical review, we identified clinical gaps and formulated considerations for research priorities in the field of postpartum HDPs management.
Key Points
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Plant Extracts against Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Wound Infections
Authors: Pietruczuk-Padzik Anna , Śliwińska Milena , Mainka Marta , Czerwińska Monika E. , Skowrońska Weronika , Bazylko Agnieszka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWound infections are a significant medical problem, with Staphylococcus species being one of the most common etiological factors. Treatment is complex due to bacterial antibiotic resistance and the ability to form a biofilm. The aim of this study was to determine the drug susceptibility of the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus species obtained from wound infections, assess their ability to form a biofilm in vitro, evaluate the level of extracellular slime synthesis, and test the antistaphylococcal properties of selected plant extracts against plate-cultured bacteria and activity against mature biofilms. A total of 20 Staphylococcus strains were evaluated. The antibiotic susceptibility and sensitivity of the strains to the tested extracts were determined using the disc diffusion method. The production of extracellular bacterial slime was assessed using Congo Red agar plates. The biofilm formation and the effect of plant extracts on the biofilm
layer were examined using the MTT method on polystyrene microtiter plates. Diverse drug susceptibility profiles, slime production ability, and in vitro biofilm formation were observed among the tested strains. It was found that aqueous extracts from the Serpylli herba, Arctii lappae folium, Taraxaci folium, and Galii aparini herba showed antibacterial activity against some of the tested strains. In contrast, their antibiofilm activity was not confirmed. Among all tested preparations, the most promising antimicrobial extracts in both planktonic cultures and biofilm were Thymus serpyllum herb and Taraxacum officinale leaf extracts. These results allowed us to conclude their potential application in medicine to support the treatment of challenging wound conditions.