bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VAKSINASI BCG MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS FAGOSITOSIS DAN SEKRESI REACTIVE OXYGEN INTERMEDIATE (ROI) PADA MAKROFAG PERITONEUM KUCING YANG DIINFEKSI DENGAN Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Tjahajati Ida 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTÂ The aim of this experiment is to study the effect of BCG vaccination on phagocyte activity and ROI secretion in catÂ peritoneum macrophages which infected with M.tuberculosis. The experiment used twenty four healthy cats. The animalsÂ were divided in 2 groups, 12 cats in each group. Group I were vaccinated with BCG, group II were control group whichÂ unvaccinated. BCG vaccination was done twice in two weeks interval. Two days after vaccination each cat was infectedÂ by 105 cfu M.tuberculosis intraperitoneally. The activity of macrophages were measured Â at 1st, 2nd, 12th, and 24th, afterÂ infection using in vitro latex bead phagocyte and NBT reduction assay. Three cats were used to measure the macrophageÂ activity in each period, using triplicate sample for each cat. The results of the experiment showed that the phagocyteÂ activity and ROI secretion increased significantly in vaccination group (P<0.01) compared with the control group, andÂ these activities reached to the plateau level at 2 weeks after infection. Although these enhanced activities were graduallyÂ diminished thereafter, higher levels of these activities were consistently observed until the end of experiment comparedÂ with control group. BCG vaccination increased the cellular immunity especially phagocyte and ROI secretion activities ofÂ peritoneual macrophages in cat infected with M.tuberculosisÂ Key words: BCG, phagocyte, ROI, M.tuberculosis, cat
HIPERHOMOSISTEINEMIA SEBAGAI RISIKO PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER
Authors: Astoni Muhamad Ayus , Irawan Bambang 
Published: January 2017

The elevation of total plasma homocysteine is associated with increase of risk for cardiovascular disease,Â cerebrovascular disease, and atherothrombosis in peripheral arteries. Several prospective and retrospective studies hadÂ conformed the positive association between hyperhomocysteinemia and risk for cardiovascular disease. However, itÂ whether hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent riskfactor for cardiovascular disease associated with Â the others riskÂ factors still become a question. The aim of this study was to identify the association between hyperhomocysteinemia andÂ increased risk for cardiovascular disease. A matched case-control study based on 50 consecutive adult Â patients agedÂ more than 18 years old who admitted in Dr. SardjitoGeneral Hospital by first acute coronary syndrome.Fifty comparisonÂ control subjects were randomly selected age and gender group-matched patients admitted caused by conditions otherÂ than cardiovascular disease to the same hospital. Each case was enrolled, and comparison subject was randomlyÂ selected. Fasting blood samples for homocysteine were obtained from both groups. Chi square test, McNemar chi squareÂ test, and independent t test had been used in univariate analysis. Confounding factors had been analysed using
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BIJI JINTEN HITAM (Nigella sativa) TERHADAP KADAR GSH, MDA, JUMLAH SERTA FUNGSI SEL MAKROFAG ALVEOLAR PARU TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIPAPAR ASAP ROKOK KRONIS
Authors: Marwan Marwan , Widjajanto Edi , Karyono Setyawati 
Published: January 2017

Cigarette smoke is the main risk factor of chronic Â obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several studies about COPDÂ has focused on the oxidative stress in lung. Oxidative stress was related to inactivation of antiprotease enzymes, airwayÂ epithelial destruction and proinflammatory genes expression. Antioxidant may useful for treatment of COPD. Black seedÂ (Nigela sativa) studies have showed that black seedhas antioxidant activity. The aim of this research Â was to prove thatÂ black seed crude extract can protect wistar rat lung from oxidative stress which was caused by chroniccigarette smokeÂ exposure. This experimental research used randomizedcomplete design with control group. Thirty wistar strain of RattusÂ novergicus, 2.5 to 3 months old, 150 â€“ 250 grams ofweight were divided into five groups. First group Â was used asÂ negative control group (without any treatment), second group as positive control group (only cigarettesmoke exposureÂ treatment), third group as cigarette smoke exposureand black seed crude extract dose 0.6 gr/kilogram Â of bodyÂ weight/day (group A), cigarette smoke exposure and Â black seed crude extract dose 1.2 gr/kilogram of body weight/dayÂ (group B) and cigarette smoke exposure and black seed crude extract dose 2.4 gr/kilogram of body weight/day (group C).Â After 3 months five parameters were measured in this research.
PERBEDAAN EFEKTIFITAS PEMBERIAN VITAMIN E 100 IU DENGAN ASPIRIN 81 MG UNTUK PENCEGAHAN PREEKLAMSIA PADA PRIMIGRAVIDA
Authors: Baktiyani Siti Candra Windu , Wahjud Imam 
Published: January 2017

Preeclampsia is a specific disturbance of human pregnancy, that diagnosed by the onset of hypertension and proteinuriaÂ in the third trimester. It occurs more in developing countries, due to the fact that developed countries have better prenatalÂ care. The objective of this study was to assess the difference effectiveness of preventing preeclampsiaand giving vitaminÂ E 100 iu and aspirin 81 mg. This study used prospective with single randomaised clinical trial. The place of this study isÂ on Maternity care unit of RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang from October 2000 to October 2001. Fourty samplesÂ primigravidas between the age of 19-35 years were used in this study. Twenty four samples were treated Â with vitamin EÂ and 24 samples were treated with aspirin started atthe eighteenth weeks of pregnancy until delivery. Â The changes, ofÂ blood presure, albuminuri and oedema were observed.The result showed that during the observation the incidence rateÂ of mild preeclampsia of vitamin E was 4 samples or(16,7%), mild preeclampsia was 1 sample or (14,2%)by the time ofÂ the normal delivery. On the other hand, the mild preeclampsia of the control group of aspirin was 3 samples or (12,5%)Â and mild preeklampsia was 2 samples or (8,3%) at Â the normal delivery. There is no significant difference inÂ preeclampsia occurance between vitamin E and aspirin group.Â Key words: Vitamin E, Aspirin, preeclampsia
PERBEDAAN POLA RESISTENSI Staphylococcus koagulase negatifISOLAT DARAH TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIKA DI RSU Dr SAIFUL ANWAR MALANG TAHUN 2000-2001 DENGAN 2004-2005
Authors: Dzen Sjoekoer M. , Santoso Sanarto , Roekistiningsih Roekistiningsih , Santosaningsih Dewi 
Published: January 2017

Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the common bacterias causing hospital-acquired infection manifested asÂ bacteremia. The antibiotics therapy against bacterial infection is mostly empiric, whereas the bacterial pattern and itsÂ sensitivity to antibiotics differ between region and from year to year. The objective of this study wasto determine theÂ changes of prevalence and antibiotics sensitivity pattern of CoNS, the etiologic agent of bacteremia in patientsÂ hospitalised in Dr.Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang. Culture and antibiotic sensitivity test wereperformed on 650Â and 1063 blood samples during the year of 2000-2001and 2004-2005 respectively in the Laboratory of Microbiology,Â Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University / Dr.Saiful Anwar General Hospital in Malang following NCCLS Â 1997.Â ChiSquare test was used to analysed of data. The result of this study revealed that the CoNS was the most isolate foundÂ in the blood samples and its resistance to beta lactam antibiotics tends to increase statistically.Â Key words:Coagulase negative staphylococci, antibiotics sensitivity pattern
KEGAGALAN KEHAMILAN AKIBAT INFEKSI Toxoplasma gondiiGALUR RH DIPICU OLEH OVERPRODUKSI INTERFERON GAMMA (IFNÎ³ Î³Î³ Î³)
Authors: Sardjono Teguh Wahju 
Published: January 2017

It has been already known that transplacental infiltration of parasites occurred during Toxoplasma infection in pregnancy;Â but pregnancy failures may due to some other previous mechanisms. Eighty BALB/c female mice were monogamouslyÂ mated than devided into three pairs of study groupsand a pair of control group. On Day 9thpost mating, three pairs ofÂ study groups were intra-peritoneally infected by 10, 50 and 100 tachyzoites of RH strain Toxoplasma gondii, and theÂ control groups were injected by PBS. Effect of treatment on the plasma level of IFNÎ³(ELISA) and number of litters wereÂ evaluated on the day 12thand day 15th-16th, represented second and third period of pregnancy.ANOVA and Path AnalysisÂ showed that duration of infection and the increase Â of plasma IFNÎ³ level decreased number of litters with coefficients ofÂ path of (-0,269; p=0,005) and (-0,377; p= 0,002) respectively. Decreasing number of litters was due toIFNÎ³overproduction, as response against RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii infection. This study showed that pregnancy failureÂ in Toxoplasma infection is more due to indirect immuno-biochemical aspects rather than direct parasitological aspect.Â More studies to explain the basic molecular and immunological mechanisms of pregnancy failure in toxoplasmosis are stillÂ needed.Â Key words:Toxoplasmosis, IFNÎ³-overproduction, pregnancy failure
HUBUNGAN ANTARA HbA1c DAN KADAR LIPID SERUM DENGAN DERAJAT BERAT RETINOPATI DIABETIKA
Authors: Refa Safaruddin , Dewi Nadia Artha 
Published: January 2017

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in industrial world and is rapidly becoming an important cause inÂ developing countries. Many factors related with theseverity of diabetic retinopathy, such as HbA1c and serum lipid. TheÂ study wants to know whether those factors have any Â correlation with the severity of diabetic retinopathy or not. TheÂ objective this study was to determine the correlation between HbA1c and serum lipid with the severity Â of diabeticÂ retinopathy. An analytic cross sectional observational research had been done at Saiful Anwar hospital. The samplesÂ (diabetic retinopaty patients) were taken with consecutive sampling. These patient underwent funduscopy, fundusÂ photography, laboratory examination including HbA1c, serum lipid (total serum cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides), andÂ blood glucose. These patient were questioned about risk factors previously determined by the authors. The laboratoryÂ findings were thease are compared to the severity of diabetic retinopathy.
PROFIL LAMA DIARE PADA ANAK DENGAN PEMBERIAN MINYAKKELAPA MURNI
Authors: Kusuma Rahma J. 
Published: January 2017

Diarrhea in children is still one of the ten major Â diseases in chirldren. Diarrhea can cause undernutrition, while theÂ undernutrition itself can also cause diarrhea. Until the year of 2000, the prevalence of diarrhe had been decreased, butÂ due to multidimentional crisis it increased up to 27.5% in 2003. Giving the drugs which directly stop Â the diarrhea are notÂ recommended, while knowing the definite cause of diarrehea to find the causative treatment still needsseveral days.Â Virgin coconut oil (VCO) which contained medium chain saturated fitty acid was used because of its contains of lauricÂ acid and capriac acid, which had antibacterial, antiviral and antiprotozoal action. It also could increase nutritionalÂ absorbtion without using enzyme. This longitudinal study was done to know the the profile of duration of diarrhea inÂ children who treated with VCO as an alternative therapy without waiting for laboratory result. Among 42 children under 5Â years old who observed in this study, 37 and 5 of them were suffered of acute and chronic diarrhea respectively.
PENGHAMBATAN AKTIFASI NFÎº ÎºÎº ÎºB OLEH CAPE (CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER), KOMPONEN AKTIF MADU LEBAH (HONEYBEE HIVES),PADA HUVECâ€™S (HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS) YANG DIPAPAR LDL TEROKSIDASI
Authors: Rohman Mohammad Saifur , Rastini Endah Kusuma , Sarbini Dwi , A W Titi , Widodo Widodo , Sargowo Djanggan 
Published: January 2017

The high prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and Â mortality caused by complication of atherosclerosisneeds anÂ optimal effort to prevent the atherosclerosis progression and complication. Atherogenesis is a chronicinflammatoryÂ process which could be prevented via the inhibitionof NFÎºB, a known key transcription factor involved in inflammatoryÂ process. An active component of honeybee hives, CAPE (Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester), is believed to inhibitÂ inflammatory process via the inhibition of NFÎºB activation. However, it remains uncertain whetherCAPE inhibits NFÎºBÂ activation in endothelial cells. This study therefore was aimed to examine the molecular mechanism of CAPE mediatedÂ NFÎºB inactivation in OxLDL-treated HUVECâ€™s. Immunohistochemistry using p50 antibody was applied to detecttheÂ migration of NFÎºB (p50-p65 complex) from inactive form in cytoplasmto active form in nucleus.
DIET ATEROGENIK PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus novergicus strain Wistar) SEBAGAI MODEL HEWAN ATEROSKLEROSIS
Authors: Murwani Sri , Ali Mulyohadi , Muliartha Ketut 
Published: January 2017

Atherosclerosis is still a major health problem, because 20% of death in the world is caused by atherosclerosis diseasesÂ like stroke and myocardial infarct. One of animal models that was successful in atherosclerosis research was NewÂ Zealand white rabbit. The purpose of this preliminary research was to determine the atherogenic diet ofwhite rats (RattusÂ novergicus strain Wistar) as animal model of atherosclerosis especially to find fixed composition and time of theÂ atherogenic diet taken.This research used male; 2 months age, 150-200 grams body weight of white rats RattusÂ novergicus strain Wistar. The rats were divided into5 groups in equal number, 4 rats respectively. Theywere a negativeÂ control group without diet treatment and 4 groups as treatment groups which were given hipercholesterol diet.Â Atherogenic diet composed of PAR-S, wheat flour, cholesterol, cholic acid, pork oil and water. Data were obtained byÂ measuring of blood cholesterol level and foam cell formation.
DASAR GENETIK OBESITAS VISERAL
Authors: Indra Muhammad Rasjad 
Published: January 2017

Obesity is defined as an excess proportion of totalbody fat. Nearly 40 million adults in the United States can be definedÂ as obese. There are several indexes used to assess Â obesity. The most common measure of obesity is the body massÂ index (BMI). Obesity occurs when a person's calorieintake exceeds the amount of energy he or she burns. Obesity tendsÂ to run in families, suggesting that it may have a genetic cause. However, family members share not only genes but alsoÂ diet and lifestyle habits that may contribute to obesity. Separating these lifestyle factors from genetic ones is often difficult.Â Still, growing evidence points to heredity as a strong determining factor of obesity. In one study of Â adults who wereÂ adopted as children, researchers found that their subjects' adult weights were closer to their biological parents' weightsÂ than to their adoptive parents'. The environment provided by the adoptive family apparently had less influence on theÂ development of obesity than the person's genetic makeup. Although genes are an important factor in many cases ofÂ obesity, a person's environment also plays a significant part. Psychological factors may also influence eating habits.Â Many people eat in response to negative emotions such as boredom, sadness, or anger.Â Key words:Genetic, Obesity, visceral
EFEK HAMBATAN EKSTRAK DAUN CEPLUKAN (Physalis minima L)TERHADAP KONTRAKTILITAS OTOT POLOS USUS HALUS TERPISAH MARMUT DENGAN STIMULASI METAKOLIN EKSOGEN
Authors: Tarannita Citra , Permatasari Nur , Sudiarto Sudiarto 
Published: January 2017

Physalis sp. has lots of merits as a kind of traditional medicine and one of them is its function as an alternatif treatment forÂ diarrhea. Physalis minima leaf contains alkoloid atropine which is assumed can inhibit the contractionof guinea pigâ€™sÂ isolated ileum smooth muscle. This research was to know the effect of Physalis minima leaf extract toward the contractionÂ of small intestine smooth muscle. This research was Â an experimental study using â€œThe Post Control GroupDesignâ€, andÂ guinea pigâ€™s isolated ileum as samples. The samples Â consisted of five guinea pigs, each sample was given four kinds ofÂ treatment. The control was given metacholine at the Â dose of 10Â -5Â without Physalis minima leaf extract. Before givingmetacholine at the dose of 10Â -5Â , the samples were given the first dosage of Physalis minima leaf extract (0.15%), theÂ second dose (0.30%) and the third dose (0.45%) so getting four graphs for each sample. The level of contraction wasÂ recorded by using kymograph. The result showed that Â the ileum contraction of the third group was inhibited (One WayÂ ANOVA, p=0.041), and there was a relation between the increasing dosage of Physalis minima leaf extract and theÂ decreasing ileum contraction (simple linear regression, with R=-0.608 p=0.04 and regression equation y=52.150 â€“Â 7.660x).
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN OX-LDL TERHADAP AKTIVASI NF-ÐºB DAN PPARÎ³ Î³Î³ Î³SERTA APOPTOSIS PADA KULTUR HUVECâ€™s
Authors: Riawan Wibi , Wibowati Samodijanti 
Published: January 2017

Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) causes activation and dysfunction of endothelial cells through NFÎºB activation after bindingÂ process of ox-LDL to LOX-1. One of ox-LDL components had been known as the activator of PPARÎ³. This study wasÂ done to see the effect of ox-LDL on NFÎºB and PPARÎ³activation and apoptosis of HUVECâ€™s culture. HUVECâ€™s cultureÂ was divided into 3 groups : control (without any treatment) and 2 groups which were treated with ox-LDL 25ug/mL andÂ 50ug/mL. Activation of NFÎºB and PPARÎ³were determined by immunodoublestaining using mouse monoclonal antiÂ NFÎºB and mouse monoclonal anti PPARÎ³after 30 minutes exposure of ox-LDL. The expression of TNFÎ±and apoptoticÂ cell were determined by immunodoublestaining using Â TUNEL fragmented DNA labeling and goat polyclonal anti humanÂ TNFÎ±after 24 hours exposure of ox-LDL. HUVECs culture that had been treated with 25 Â Âµg/ml and 50Âµg/ml of ox-LDL,Â showing activation of NFÎºB but not PPARÎ³. This treated endotel showed apoptotic characteristic which had conformedÂ with DNA fragmented. These cells also showed the increase of TNFÎ±expression on the cytoplasm. Ox-LDL couldÂ increase translocation of NFÎºB gen transcription to nucleus followed by the increase of TNFÎ±that can cause apoptoticÂ of the cells.Â Key words: ox - LDL, Endothel, NF-ÎºB, PPARÎ³, Apoptosis
POLIMORFISME ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCATOR-2PADA POPULASI INDIVIDU NORMAL DAN LEBERâ€™S HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY
Authors: Lyrawati Diana , Tambunan Krisna Bayu , Handoko Herlina Y , Sudoyo Herawati , Marzuki Sangkot 
Published: January 2017

In this study we investigated the polymorphism of ANT2, an integral protein of mitochondrial inner-membrane, inÂ individuals of normal population and patients of a Â mitochondrial respiratory chain disease Leberâ€™s Hereditary OpticÂ Neuropathy (LHON). DNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that there were sequence variation in ANT2 namely baseÂ substitutions G332T, C699T, C1021T, insertion of C andT and deletion of A, C, and C at nucleotide 20, 1127, 1022, 1075Â and 1123, respectively (numbering based on mRNA sequence). The G332T resulted in amino acid change (R111L) andÂ was predicted to alter the hidrophobicity pattern of Ant2 protein. PCR-RFLP analysis with HhaI restriction enzyme showedÂ that both 111R and 111L variants were found in normal population of Caucasian, Chinese, Indonesian-Javanese,Â Mandar, Batak Toba and Papuan at different ratio (59%:41%, 61%:39%, 78%:22%, 64%:36%, 77%:23%, and 80%:20%Â respectively). Similar PCR-RFLP analysis was performed on samples of individuals carrying mtDNA mutation G11778AÂ with and without characteristic manifestation of LHON to determine whether the ANT2 polymorphism was associated withÂ clinical manifestation of mtDNA mutation. The data Â showed that the distribution of 111R and 111L between the twoÂ groups was different (Fischer Exact: Î±=0,05; P=0,0262). The ratio was 79,07%:20,93% in the group with typicalÂ manifestation of LHON and 56.52%:43.48% in the group without LHON manifestation. Inferred from the data, 111L mayÂ have protective effect against the manifestation ofLHON, whereas 111R may induce the manifestation ofLHON. FurtherÂ studies are warranted to clarify the potential roleof the polymorphism of R111L (G332T) of ANT2 as a nuclear modifier ofÂ the LHON G11778A mutations.Â Key words: Adenine nucleotide translocator; ANT2; polymorphism, Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KADAR ENZIM GLUTATION REDUKTASE DENGAN DERAJAT KEKERUHAN INTI LENSA
Authors: Sulistya T Budi , Dewi Debby Shintiya , Suyuti Hidayat , Sumarno Sumarno 
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the level of glutathione reductase [GR] in relation with theÂ severity of nuclear cataract and the increase of age. An analytic cross sectional observasional study Â of nuclear cataractÂ patient seen at Saiful Anwar Hospital and Mass Cataract Surgery performed by Perdami Malang was carried out.Â Patients were classified into 3 groups based on ageand 4 groups based on severity of nuclear cataract. The samplesÂ were taken by consecutive sampling and were operated on visual indication. The extracted lens were examined for [GR].Â The laboratory findings of [GR] were compared with the severity of senile cataract. The data were analyzed with one wayÂ ANOVA. Confidence limit was set at 95%. A total of Â 55 patients were included with the sample size in 40-50 age groupÂ less than estimation. The [GR] were found to be significanfly lower in the older age (p=0,01) and the more severe cataractÂ groups (p=0,00). The [GR] were also found to be significantly decreased with the increase of cataract severity in 40-50Â age group (p=0,00), 50-60 age group (p=0,01) and >60 age group (p=0,00). In the grade 2 cataract, there were noÂ significant difference of [GR] between age group (p=0.22). This also occured in grade 3 (p=0.23) while Â in the grade 4,Â there were significant difference between age group (p=0.01). This also occured in grade 5 (p=0.06).
EFEK PEMBERIAN MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 ( MMP- 9) RNA INTERFERENCE TERHADAP EKSPRESI MMP- 9 PADA KULTUR SEL ENDOTEL VASKULAR
Authors: Wulandari Lely Retno , Suyuti Hidayat , Dewi Nadia Artha , Refa Safaruddin 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTÂ Retinal neovascularization is the main problem that causes blindness in many types of eye desease. NeovascularizationÂ occurs in ischemic retina, and several important mediators that induce neovascularization is secreted by the surroundingÂ cell and endothelial cell vessels. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is an enzyme secreted by endothelial cell vessels and playsÂ an important role in the pathogenesis of retinal induce neovascularization. Vascular endothelial cells were cultured andÂ transfected with Matrix Metalloproteinase -9 RNA interference in two doses (100nM or 200nM) and the cells were taken atÂ 24, Â 48 Â and Â 72 Â hours. Â The Â expression Â of Â Matrix Â Metalloproteinase Â -9 Â protein Â levels Â were Â examined Â byÂ immunocytochemistry, and compared with control group. The data were analyzed with factorial anova. Statistical analysisÂ showed that transfection with different doses of MMP-9 RNAi gave a significant different effect on MMP-9 expression (p-value < 0.05), while exposure time did not give significant difference (p-value < 0.05). This in-vitro study indicated thatÂ transfection Â of Â MMP-9 Â RNAi Â with Â dose Â 200nM Â reduced the Â expression Â of Â MMP-9 Â by Â 50% Â compared Â to Â the Â control.Â Because exposure time was not significant, the lowest expression of MMP-9 can be achieved by transfecting MMP-9Â RNAi 200nM for 24 hours. This is the first study that demonstrates the effectiveness of RNA interference mediatedÂ targeting Â of MMP-9 to reduce the MMP-9 expression in vascular endothelial cell linesÂ Key Words Â : Matrix Metalloproteinase -9 - RNA interference - vascular endothelial cell lines.