bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal help‐seeking for child developmental concerns: Associations with socio‐demographic factors
Authors: Eapen Valsamma , Walter Amelia , Guan Jane , Descallar Joseph , Axelsson Emma , Einfeld Stewart , Eastwood John , Murphy Elisabeth , Beasley Deborah , Silove Natalie , Dissanayake Cheryl , Woolfenden Sue , Williams Katrina , Jalaludin Bin , The ‘Watch Me Grow’ Study Group  
Published: June 2017

AimTo examine socio‐demographic factors associated with maternal help‐seeking for child developmental concerns in a longitudinal birth cohort study. An understanding of these factors is critical to improving uptake of services to maximise early identification and intervention for developmental concerns.MethodsA birth cohort was recruited from the post‐natal wards of two teaching hospitals and through community nurses in South Western Sydney, Australia, between November 2011 and April 2013. Of the 4047 mothers approached, 2025 consented to participate (response rate = 50%). Socio‐demographic and service use information was collected after the child's birth and when the child was 18 months of age. Sources of help were divided into three categories (formal health services, other formal services and informal supports) and compound variables were created by summing the number of different sources identified by mothers.ResultsSignificantly more sources of help were intended to be used and/or actually accessed by mothers born in Australia, whose primary language was English, with higher levels of education and annual household income, and among mothers of first‐born children.ConclusionsDevelopmental concerns are known to increase with increased psychosocial adversity. Our findings of reduced intent to access and use of services by socio‐economically disadvantaged families and those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds suggests that an inverse care effect is in operation whereby those children with the greatest health needs may have the least access to services. Possible explanations for this, and recommendations for improving service accessibility for these populations through targeted and culturally appropriate services, are discussed.
Do E‐cigarettes induce weight changes and increase cardiometabolic risk? A signal for the future
Authors: Verhaegen A. , Van Gaal L. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe prevalence of non‐cigarette tobacco use in electronic cigarettes, also called vaping, is rapidly increasing, especially in adolescents and young adults, due to attractive marketing techniques promoting them as healthier alternatives to conventional tobacco cigarettes.Although smoking is associated with weight loss, it increases insulin resistance and attributes to other features of the metabolic syndrome, increasing the cardiometabolic risk profile.Whether vaping has the same deleterious effects on metabolic parameters as regular cigarette smoke has not yet been studied thoroughly in humans. However, animal model experiments attribute comparable effects of e‐cigarette smoking, even without nicotine exposure, on weight and metabolic parameters as compared to smoking cigarettes.In this review paper, we want to give an overview of published data on the effects on weight and cardiometabolic parameters of e‐cigarette use and formulate some mechanistic hypotheses.
Assessing the Cost of Large‐Scale Power Outages to Residential Customers
Authors: Baik Sunhee , Davis Alexander L. , Morgan M. Granger 
Published: June 2017

AbstractResidents in developed economies depend heavily on electric services. While distributed resources and a variety of new smart technologies can increase the reliability of that service, adopting them involves costs, necessitating tradeoffs between cost and reliability. An important input to making such tradeoffs is an estimate of the value customers place on reliable electric services. We develop an elicitation framework that helps individuals think systematically about the value they attach to reliable electric service. Our approach employs a detailed and realistic blackout scenario, full or partial (20 A) backup service, questions about willingness to pay (WTP) using a multiple bounded discrete choice method, information regarding inconveniences and economic losses, and checks for bias and consistency. We applied this method to a convenience sample of residents in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, finding that respondents valued a kWh for backup services they assessed to be high priority more than services that were seen as low priority ($0.75/kWh vs. $0.51/kWh). As more information about the consequences of a blackout was provided, this difference increased ($1.2/kWh vs. $0.35/kWh), and respondents' uncertainty about the backup services decreased (Full: $11 to $9.0, Partial: $13 to $11). There was no evidence that the respondents were anchored by their previous WTP statements, but they demonstrated only weak scope sensitivity. In sum, the consumer surplus associated with providing a partial electric backup service during a blackout may justify the costs of such service, but measurement of that surplus depends on the public having accurate information about blackouts and their consequences.
The Effect of Preoperative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis on Intraoperative Culture Results in Patients with a Suspected or Confirmed Prosthetic Joint Infection: a Systematic Review
Authors: Wouthuyzen-Bakker Marjan , Benito Natividad , Soriano Alex 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Obtaining reliable cultures during revision arthroplasty is important to adequately diagnose and treat a prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The influence of antimicrobial prophylaxis on culture results remains unclear. Since withholding prophylaxis increases the risk for surgical site infections, clarification on this topic is critical. A systematic review was performed with the following research question: in patients who undergo revision surgery of a prosthetic joint, does preoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis affect the culture yield of intraoperative samples in comparison with nonpreoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis? Seven articles were included in the final analysis. In most studies, standard diagnostic culture techniques were used. In patients with a PJI, pooled analysis showed a culture yield of 88% (145/165) in the prophylaxis group versus 95% (344/362) in the nonprophylaxis group (
P
= 0.004). Subanalysis of patients with chronic PJIs showed positive cultures in 88% (78/89) versus 91% (52/57), respectively (
P
= 0.59). In patients with a suspected chronic infection, a maximum difference of 4% in culture yield between the prophylaxis and nonprophylaxis groups was observed. With the use of standard culture techniques, antimicrobial prophylaxis seems to affect cultures in a minority of patients. Along with the known risk of surgical site infections due to inadequate timing of antimicrobial prophylaxis, we discourage the postponement of prophylaxis until tissue samples are obtained in revision surgery. Future studies are necessary to conclude whether the small percentage of false-negative cultures after prophylaxis can be further reduced with the use of more-sensitive culture techniques, like sonication.
Mitochondrial Respiration Is Impaired during Late-Stage Hamster Prion Infection
Authors: Faris Robert , Moore Roger A. , Ward Anne , Sturdevant Dan E. , Priola Suzette A. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Mitochondria are crucial to proper neuronal function and overall brain health. Mitochondrial dysfunction within the brain has been observed in many neurodegenerative diseases, including prion disease. Several markers of decreased mitochondrial activity during prion infection have been reported, yet the bioenergetic respiratory status of mitochondria from prion-infected animals is unknown. Here we show that clinically ill transgenic mice overexpressing hamster prion protein (Tg7) infected with the hamster prion strain 263K suffer from a severe deficit in mitochondrial oxygen consumption in response to the respiratory complex II substrate succinate. Characterization of the mitochondrial proteome of purified brain mitochondria from infected and uninfected Tg7 mice showed significant differences in the relative abundance of key mitochondrial electron transport proteins in 263K-infected animals relative to that in controls. Our results suggest that at clinical stages of prion infection, dysregulation of respiratory chain proteins may lead to impairment of mitochondrial respiration in the brain.

IMPORTANCE
Mitochondrial dysfunction is present in most major neurodegenerative diseases, and some studies have suggested that mitochondrial processes may be altered during prion disease. Here we show that hamster prion-infected transgenic mice overexpressing the hamster prion protein (Tg7 mice) suffer from mitochondrial respiratory deficits. Tg7 mice infected with the 263K hamster prion strain have little or no signs of mitochondrial dysfunction at the disease midpoint but suffer from a severe deficit in mitochondrial respiration at the clinical phase of disease. A proteomic analysis of the isolated brain mitochondria from clinically affected animals showed that several proteins involved in electron transport, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial protein synthesis were dysregulated. These results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction, possibly exacerbated by prion protein overexpression, occurs at late stages during 263K prion disease and that this dysfunction may be the result of dysregulation of mitochondrial proteins.
Human Bocavirus 1 Is a Novel Helper for Adeno-associated Virus Replication
Authors: Wang Zekun , Deng Xuefeng , Zou Wei , Engelhardt John F. , Yan Ziying , Qiu Jianming 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is an autonomous parvovirus that infects well-differentiated primary human airway epithelia (HAE)
in vitro
. In human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells, the transfection of a duplex HBoV1 genome initiates viral DNA replication and produces progeny virions that are infectious in HAE. HBoV1 takes advantage of signaling pathways in the DNA damage response for efficient genome amplification in both well-differentiated (nondividing) HAE and dividing HEK293 cells. On the other hand, adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) is a helper-dependent dependoparvovirus, and productive AAV2 replication requires coinfection with a helper virus (e.g., adenovirus or herpesvirus) or treatment with genotoxic agents. Here, we report that HBoV1 is a novel helper virus for AAV2 replication. Coinfection by HBoV1 and AAV2 rescued AAV2 replication in HAE cells. The helper function of HBoV1 for AAV2 is not limited to HAE cells but also includes HEK293 and HeLa cells. Importantly, the helper function of HBoV1 for AAV2 relies on neither HBoV1 replication nor the DNA damage response. Following transfection of HEK293 cells, the minimal requirements for the replication of the AAV2 duplex DNA genome and the production of progeny virions included the HBoV1 NP1 and NS4 proteins and a newly identified viral long noncoding RNA (BocaSR). However, following infection of HEK293 and HeLa cells with AAV2 virions, HBoV1 NS2 (but not NS4), NP1, and BocaSR were required for AAV2 DNA replication and progeny virion formation. These new methods for packaging the AAV2 genome may be useful for generating recombinant AAV-packaging cell lines and the directed evolution of AAV capsids.

IMPORTANCE
We first report that an autonomous parvovirus, HBoV1, helps the replication of a dependoparvovirus, AAV2, in differentiated human airway epithelia. We identified the minimal sets of HBoV1 genes required to facilitate the replication of the AAV2 duplex genome and for AAV2 infection. Notably, together with the expression of the
NP1
and
BocaSR
genes, HBoV1
NS2
is required for the productive infection of HEK293 and HeLa cells by AAV2, whereas NS4 is sufficient for viral DNA replication of an AAV2 duplex genome. The identification of HBoV1 as a helper virus for AAV2 replication has implications for the improvement of recombinant AAV production in HEK293 cells and cell types that do not express the adenovirus
E1
gene as well as for the rescue of wild-type AAV genomes from tissues during directed evolution in the absence of wild-type adenovirus. A further understanding of the mechanism underlying HBoV1 helper-dependent AAV2 replication may also provide insights into its functions in HBoV1 replication.
Lay beliefs about the causes and cures of schizophrenia
Authors: Park Subin , Lee Minji , Furnham Adrian , Jeon Mina , Ko Young-Mi 
Published: June 2017

Background: Lay beliefs about schizophrenia are an important factor associated with treatment-seeking behavior. Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the lay beliefs about the causes and treatments of schizophrenia in South Korea. Methods: A total of 654 adults (mean age, 35.96 ± 11.33 years) completed two questionnaires assessing their views on the causes and cures of schizophrenia. The factor structures of lay beliefs about the causes and treatments of schizophrenia were then analyzed and the correlations between the resultant factors investigated. Results: From the cause items, four factors were extracted: Health/Lifestyle, God/Fate, Social/Environmental and Biological. Four factors were also extracted from the treatment items: Self-Help/Stress Management, Physical Treatment/Health Management, Religious Help and Mental Health Service Utilization. Notably, most participants believed that items in the Social/Environmental and Biological factors were the causes of schizophrenia, while they believed that items in the Mental Health Service Utilization and Self-Help/Stress Management factors were the treatments. Participants’ beliefs about the causes and treatments of schizophrenia were systematically correlated. Conclusion: Overall, laypeople have reasonably accurate beliefs and a multidimensional view of the causes and treatments of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, our results suggest that public education about the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia are necessary to increase actual usage of mental health services and treatments for schizophrenia.
Assessing the Situational Predictors of Drug Markets across Street Segments and Intersections
Authors: Hsu Ko-Hsin , Miller Joel 
Published: June 2017

Objectives: This study examines the factors that are statistically associated with drug-dealing settings in Newark, NJ, and assesses whether there are systematic differences in these between street segments and on intersections. In doing so, it tests hypotheses consistent with a theory that there are higher and lower levels of social regulation by residents in the two kinds of settings, respectively. Methods: Applying a matched case–control design yields 128 pairs of locations. McNemar’s test and conditional logistic regression are used to uncover statistical associations. Situational data on drug-dealing settings were collected using observations through Google Street View (GSV). Results: A variety of factors are associated with street drug-dealing hot spots, including mailboxes and churches, not previously identified in the literature on street crimes. While findings show differences between drug markets correlates on street segments and intersections, these are only partially consistent with study hypotheses. Conclusions: This study contributes to our understanding of risk factors for drug markets, highlights variations between intersections and street segments in the way drug market risk factors operate, and demonstrates the value of GSV for spatial crime research.
Tourism in the South West: Present Possibilities and Future Projections
Authors: Kandampully Jay 
Published: June 2017

Tourism has become one of the world’s major industries and a recognized agent of economic diffusion. Prompted by its potential to permeate, support and propagate virtually every field of economic activity, many communities now actively promote tourism development. The rapid growth of the UK’s tourism industry and its metamorphosis—transformation towards a new industry—have presented a new challenge to tourism development and its management. A massive shift in the pattern of tourism consumption has merely compounded the problem. Tourists today are highly sensitive to the quality of services they receive and are often unwilling to compromise. The progressive nature of tourist’s expectations and the highly competitive tourism market renders a proactive management strategy essential if organizations are to continue to attract and exceed the expectations of both home and international tourists. This study demonstrates the need for co-ordinated planning, design and implementation of strategies to render South West England’s tourism industry capable of meeting the demands of future customers. One of the greatest challenges facing tourism organizations in the South West of England is the ever growing competition and the continuously increasing customer expectations. Customer satisfaction is no longer the key watch word, it has been replaced by customer delight. Hence, the author emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships in effecting a quality experience. It is by readjusting, defining and enhancing their personal interactive skills that service providers will be able to forge unbreakable bonds with their customers and thereby realize exceptional service.
The Deployment Analysis of a Large Space Antenna
Authors: Fanning P. , Hollaway L. 
Published: June 2017

The volume constraints imposed by current launch modules and the desirability of large reflectors and communication booms for space applications has given rise to active research in the field of deployable systems. These systems are stowed in a compact package for launch before being deployed into their operating configurations in orbit. A new concept for a deployable antenna is presented. The deployment of one such 5.0 m antenna is investigated. The antenna is deployed by a number of mechanical joints. The energy stored in these joints is quantified and the deployment times and stresses at ‘latch-up’ are predicted.
Efficacy of solifenacin in the prevention of short-term complications after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Yang Ranxing , Liu Lijie , Li Gaofeng , Yu Jianjun 
Published: June 2017

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of solifenacin in the prevention of short-term complications after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). Methods This randomized placebo-controlled study enrolled patients with histologically proven prostate cancer who underwent LRP. The patients were randomized to receive either solifenacin (5 mg once daily; study group) or placebo (control group) for the 15-day period beginning on the first day after surgery. The mean duration of detrusor overactivity (DO), the frequency of DO, the duration of macroscopic haematuria, and the days before catheter removal were recorded. The International Continence Society Short Form Male questionnaire, bladder neck stenosis episodes, and maximum urinary flow rate were evaluated at 1 month after surgery. The side-effects after using solifenacin were also recorded. Results A total of 120 patients were randomly assigned to the study group ( n = 62) or the control group ( n = 58). There were significantly lower rates of DO episodes during the daytime and night-time, haematuria and transient incontinence in the study group compared with the control group. Conclusion Solifenacin was a well-tolerated and effective treatment for the prevention of complications after LRP, with the main advantage compared with placebo being the decreased frequency of DO episodes during the daytime and night-time.
Clinical evidence of efficacy of simvastatin for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Lin Jinghui , Liu Houxian , Jiang Jianjun , Jia Conglin , Zhang Bin , Gao Xiang 
Published: June 2017

Objective The present study was performed to explore the therapeutic potential of simvastatin in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the context of the Simvastatin in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (STASH) trial. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the therapeutic effect of simvastatin on aneurysmal SAH. We applied a random-effects model to calculate the data. Results Five RCTs involving 951 patients met the eligibility criteria. We found no statistically significant effects on vasospasm detected by transcranial cerebral Doppler (relative risk [RR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55–1.49), delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.63–1.14), or all-cause mortality (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.67–1.54). Subgroup analysis showed that these consolidated results were stable at different doses, different times to start of treatment, and different courses of treatment in all included RCTs. Sensitivity analysis showed that the STASH trial, which had a large population, did not influence the consolidated results of all three outcomes. Conclusions Simvastatin showed no benefits in decreasing the incidence of vasospasm, DCI, or all-cause mortality after aneurysmal SAH. We conclude that patients with SAH should not be treated routinely with simvastatin during the acute stage.
Fracture Behavior of Notched Unidirectional Boron/Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite under Bending
Authors: Kang B. S.-J. , Lyons D. , Upadhyay P. C. 
Published: June 2017

The fracture behavior of continuous fiber reinforced boron/aluminum composite under bending is analyzed based on the measured full-field high resolution moire fringe patterns at the notch tip region of composites' specimen under three point bending. The mechanism of interfacial fiber/matrix sliding and debonding in bending is found to be quite different from those reported earlier for the case of uniform tension. In case of bending, after some initial crack growth, excessive shear deformation in other regions (other than notch tip) of the specimen makes the presence of notch irrelevant. Experimental results are compared with the results obtained from finite element analysis. J-integral values are evaluated using the displacements obtained experimentally and also by using finite element. It is realized that any numerical simulation should be based on elasto-plastic analysis and consider friction between fiber and matrix when excessive shear deformation occurs and sliding is initiated.
Optimizing Nutrition in Pediatric Heart Failure: The Crisis Is Over and Now It’s Time to Feed
Authors: Lewis Kylie D. , Conway Jennifer , Cunningham Chentel , Larsen Bodil M. K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPediatric heart failure is a complex disease occurring when cardiac output is unable to meet the metabolic demands of the body. With improved surgical interventions and medical therapies, survival rates have improved, and care has shifted from focusing on survival to optimizing quality of life and health outcomes. Based on current literature, this review addresses the nutrition needs of infants and children in heart failure and describes the pathophysiology and metabolic implications of this disease. The prevalence of wasting in pediatric heart failure has been reported to be as high as 86%, highlighting the importance of nutrition assessment through all stages of treatment to provide appropriate intake of energy, protein, and micronutrients. The etiology of malnutrition in pediatric heart failure is multifactorial and involves hypermetabolism, decreased intake, increased nutrient losses, inefficient utilization of nutrients, and malabsorption. Children in heart failure often present with tachypnea, tachycardia, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting and consequently may not be able to meet their nutrition requirements through oral intake alone. Nutrition support, including enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition, should be considered an essential part of routine care. The involvement of multiple allied health professionals may be needed to create a feeding therapy plan to support patients and their families. With appropriate nutrition interventions, clinical outcomes and quality of life can be significantly improved.