bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Precision Measurement of Molybdenum Isotopic Compositions of Selected Geochemical Reference Materials
Authors: Li Jin , Zhu Xiang‐kun , Tang Suo‐han , Zhang Kan 
Published: December 2015

Here we describe high‐precision molybdenum isotopic composition measurements of geological reference materials, performed using multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS). Purification of Mo for isotopic measurements was achieved by ion exchange chromatography using Bio‐Rad AG® 1‐X8 anion exchange resin. Instrumental mass bias was corrected using 100Mo‐97Mo double spiking techniques. The precision under intermediate measurement conditions (eighteen measurement sessions over 20 months) in terms of δ98/95Mo was 0.10‰ (2s). The measurement output was approximately four times more efficient than previous techniques, with no compromise in precision. The Mo isotopic compositions of seven geochemical reference materials, seawater (IAPSO), manganese nodules (NOD‐P‐1 and NOD‐A‐1), copper‐molybdenum ore (HV‐2), basalt (BCR‐2) and shale (SGR‐1b and SCo‐1), were measured. δ98/95Mo values were obtained for IAPSO (2.25 ± 0.09‰), NOD‐P‐1 (−0.66 ± 0.05‰), NOD‐A‐1 (−0.48 ± 0.05‰), HV‐2 (−0.23 ± 0.10‰), BCR‐2 (0.21 ± 0.07‰), SCo‐1 (−0.24 ± 0.06‰) and SGR‐1b (0.63 ± 0.02‰) by calculating δ98/95Mo relative to NIST SRM 3134 (0.25‰, 2s). The molybdenum isotopic compositions of IAPSO, NOD‐A‐1 and NOD‐P‐1 obtained in this study are within error of the compositions reported previously. Molybdenum isotopic compositions for BCR‐2, SCo‐1 and SGR‐1b are reported for the first time.
Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation in the Presence of Left Ventricular Thrombus: Safety and Efficacy
Authors: RAO HYGRIV B. , YU RICKY , CHITNIS NISHAD , DO DUC , BOYLE NOEL G. , SHIVKUMAR KALYANAM , BRADFIELD JASON S. 
Published: December 2015

VT Ablation in the Presence of LV ThrombusIntroductionThe safety of ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation in patients with laminated left ventricular (LV) thrombus has not been examined.MethodsPatients with laminated LV thrombus on transthoracic echocardiogram who underwent scar‐mediated VT ablation at two centers from 2010 to 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had failed medical therapy. Acute procedural outcomes, complications, and clinical outcomes at 1 year were assessed.ResultsEight patients (four ischemic, four nonischemic cardiomyopathy) underwent VT ablation in the presence of laminated intracavitary thrombus. Six out of eight (75%) had electrical storm (ES). The mapping and ablation approach was LV endocardial‐only in three patients, epicardial‐only in two, combined epicardial‐RV endocardial in two, and combined epicardial‐LV endocardial in one. Major complication (ischemic stroke) occurred in one patient 9 days post‐procedure. There was no procedural mortality. Complete acute procedural success (noninducibility of any VT after ablation) was achieved in five (63%), and partial success (ablation of only clinical VT) in an additional three (37%). At 1 year, freedom from VT and survival were achieved in six (75%) and seven (88%) patients, respectively.ConclusionInitial data suggest that ablation of VT in the presence of intracavitary thrombus is feasible, is associated with a similar success rate to historical studies in patients without thrombus, and has an acceptable risk of complications given the high‐risk nature of patients with ES. Further data are needed; however, the presence of a laminated thrombus should not necessarily preclude ablation in patients who have failed medical therapy for VT in whom ablation is otherwise indicated.
Crisis and Public Support for the Euro, 1990–2014*
Authors: Roth Felix , Jonung Lars , Nowak‐Lehmann D. Felicitas 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article analyses the evolution of public support for the single European currency, the euro, from 1990 to 2014 for a 12‐country sample of the euro area (EA‐12), focusing on the most recent period of the financial and sovereign debt crisis, starting in 2008. We find that citizens' support for the euro on average was marginally reduced during the first six years of the crisis, and that support has remained at high levels. While the pronounced increase in unemployment in the EA‐12 throughout the crisis has led to a marked decline in trust in the European Central Bank (ECB), it is only weakly related to support for the euro.
AFAST – Adult Female Acne Scoring Tool: an easy‐to‐use tool for scoring acne in adult females
Authors: Auffret N. , Claudel J.‐P. , Leccia M.‐T. , Poli F. , Farhi D. , Dréno B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundAcne is a concern in adults, especially in women. The specifications in current acne grading systems are not applicable to this particular population.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a measurement tool (AFAST: adult female acne scoring tool) for acne in women by taking into account the specific locations of adult female acne, and to evaluate the impact of the photographic modalities on rating reproducibility.MethodsSix experts in dermatology rated pictures of 54 women with a phototype from I to IV during two sessions, with an interval of 24 h. They rated the acne severity on the face using the GEA scale (Score 1) together with a new scale to assess acne on the mandibular zone (Score 2). Pictures of 30 women were taken using a standardized photographic device; pictures of the other 24 women were taken by their own dermatologists during daily practice.ResultsAt session 1, the inter‐rater's reproducibility was good for Score 1 with an ICC of 0.77 [0.72–0.83], and excellent for Score 2 with an ICC of 0.87 [0.82–0.91]. Between sessions 1 and 2, the mean intra‐rater's reproducibility was excellent for both scores with an ICC of 0.88 [0.84–0.92] for Score 1, and an ICC of 0.87 [0.78–0.92] for Score 2. Photographic modalities had no significant effect on the inter‐ and intra‐rater's reproducibility.ConclusionFor the first time, it has been demonstrated that AFAST can accurately rate acne severity in women. It is a promising, easy‐to‐use tool for both daily practice and clinical investigation.
Chemical communication of queen supergene status in an ant
Authors: Trible W. , Ross K. G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTraits of interest to evolutionary biologists often have complex genetic architectures, the nature of which can confound traditional experimental study at single levels of analysis. In the fire ant Solenopsis invicta, the presence of a Mendelian ‘supergene’ is both necessary and sufficient to induce a shift in a fundamental property of social organization, from single‐queen (monogyne) to multiple‐queen (polygyne) colonies. This selfish genetic element, termed the Social b (Sb) supergene, contains > 600 genes that collectively promote its fitness by inducing the characteristic polygyne syndrome, in part by causing polygyne workers to accept only queens bearing the Sb element (a behaviour termed ‘worker Sb discrimination’). Here, we employ a newly developed behavioural assay to reveal that polygyne workers, many of which bear the Sb element, employ chemical cues on the cuticle of queens to achieve worker Sb discrimination, but we found no evidence for such pheromonally mediated worker Sb discrimination in monogyne workers, which universally lack the Sb element. This polygyne worker Sb discrimination was then verified through a ‘green beard’ effect previously described in this system. We thus have demonstrated that the Sb element is required both for production of relevant chemical cues of queens and for expression of the behaviours of workers that collectively result in worker Sb discrimination. This information fills a critical gap in the map between genotype and complex phenotype in S. invicta by restricting the search for candidate genes and molecules involved in producing this complex social trait to factors associated with the Sb element itself.
First report and description of a Cyrilia sp. (Apicomplexa: Haemogregarinidae) from a freshwater Cururu Stingray Potamotrygon cf. histrix (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae), from the Amazon Region, Brazil
Authors: Magro N M , de Oliveira A T , O'Dwyer L H 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA haemogregarine is described in 12 cururu stingray (Potamotrygon cf. histrix), from Mariuá Archipelago, Negro River, in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. All animals, both male and female, were parasitized by the haemogregarine and parasitaemia varied between 0.8% and 10% of erythrocytes. The stages observed included trophozoites or merozoites, suspected meronts, and gamonts presumed to be of two types, macrogamonts and microgamonts. Most stages were observed inside mature erythrocytes, while others were extracellular. The stages observed were most similar to those characteristics of the genus Cyrilia, than to any other fish haemogregarine and may represent a new Cyrilia species.
The benefit of paracentesis on hospitalized adults with cirrhosis and ascites
Authors: Gaetano John N , Micic Dejan , Aronsohn Andrew , Reddy Gautham , Te Helen , Reau Nancy S , Jensen Donald 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:The aim of this study is to assess paracentesis utilization and outcomes in hospitalized adults with cirrhosis and ascites.Methods:The 2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to identify adults, non‐electively admitted with diagnoses of cirrhosis and ascites. The primary endpoint was in‐hospital mortality. Variables included patient and hospital demographics, early (Day 0 or 1) or late (Day 2 or later) paracentesis, hepatic decompensation, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.Results:Out of 8 023 590 admissions, 31 614 met inclusion criteria. Among these hospitalizations, approximately 51% (16 133) underwent paracentesis. The overall in‐hospital mortality rate was 7.6%. There was a significantly increased mortality among patients who did not undergo paracentesis (8.9% vs 6.3%, P < 0.001). Patients who did not receive paracentesis died 1.83 times more often in the hospital than those patients who did receive paracentesis (95% confidence interval 1.66–2.02). Patients undergoing early paracentesis showed a trend towards reduction in mortality (5.5% vs 7.5%) compared with those undergoing late paracentesis. Patients admitted on a weekend demonstrated less frequent use of early paracentesis (50% weekend vs 62% weekday) and demonstrated increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.12 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.25). Among patients diagnosed with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, early paracentesis was associated with shorter length of stay (7.55 vs 11.45 days, P < 0.001) and decreased hospitalization cost ($61 624 vs $107 484, P < 0.001).Conclusion:Paracentesis is under‐utilized among cirrhotic patients presenting with ascites and is associated with decreased in‐hospital mortality. These data support the use of paracentesis as a key inpatient quality measure among hospitalized adults with cirrhosis. Future studies are needed to investigate the barriers to paracentesis use on admission.
Paeoniflorin, a novel heat‐shock protein inducing compound, and human myometrial contractility in vitro
Authors: Hehir Mark P. , Morrison John J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimHeat shock proteins (HSPs) are synthesized in virtually all organisms in response to increases in temperature. They are associated with a relaxant effect on the human myometrium and are present in decreased concentration in the myometrium at the time of labor. Paeoniflorin is derived from Paeonia lactiflora and has been shown to induce the synthesis of HSPs in cultured mammalian cells. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of paeoniflorin on human uterine contractility.Material and MethodsSamples of human myometrium were taken at lower segment cesarean section. Dissected muscle strips were suspended under isometric conditions and exposed to cumulative additions of paeoniflorin in concentrations ranging from 1 nmol/L to 10 mol/L. Control experiments were simultaneously performed.ResultsPaeoniflorin was found to exert an inhibitory effect on spontaneous and agonist‐induced contractions compared to control strips. The mean maximal inhibition values were: 42.21% ± 9.26 for spontaneous contractions (n = 6; P < 0.0001) and 47.84% ± 9.05 for oxytocin‐induced contractions (n = 6; P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe HSP inducing compound, paeoniflorin, had a relaxant effect on human uterine contractility in vitro. These results reinforce the fact that HSPs may play a physiological role in the onset of labor and may also provide future targets for novel tocolytic treatments.
Gross motor function and general development of babies born after assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Hashimoto Keiji , Ogawa Kohei , Horikawa Reiko , Ikeda Natsuha , Kato Keiko , Kamide Anri , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimTo elucidate the gross motor function and general development of babies born after assisted reproductive technology (ART).Material and MethodsThe study subjects comprised 238 babies born after ART and 365 babies as the control. Multiple births, premature and low birth weight babies were excluded. Questionnaires were distributed to mothers and gross motor function and general development were evaluated according to the Ability for Basic Movement Scale for Children (ABMS‐C) and Kinder Infant Development Scale (KIDS), respectively.ResultsThere were no significant differences in gross motor function according to the ABMS‐C between the two groups at one, three, six, nine and 12 months of age. The KIDS scores on subscales of expressive language at three months, manipulation at nine months and the total developmental quotient, and subscales of manipulation, receptive language and social relationships with children at 12 months were significantly higher in the ART than in the control group.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in gross motor function up to 12 months of age between the ART and control groups. However, the total developmental quotient and scores on linguistic and communication capacity of children at 12 months of age were significantly higher in the ART group. These results suggested that ART has no adverse effects on intellectual function, at least during early infancy.
Dissonant Notes on the Post‐Secular: Unthinking Secularization in Global Historical Sociology
Authors: Ascione Gennaro 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe article criticizes the assumption that modernity is a rupture in time and space conceivable in terms of the coming of a secular age. It tackles Habermas concept of ‘post‐secular’ and denotes it as an attempt to provide new foundations to modernization narratives, in postmodern terms; it discusses Blumenberg's idea of secularization and questions the historical ontogenesis of what Blumenberg thinks of in terms of the transition to the modern age; it further elaborates on Wang Hui analysis of the relation between Western science and the role of China in global modernity. Secularization and the post‐secular, it is argued, re‐frame narratives of the disenchantment within a western geocultural ideology of western superiority.
The Effect of Composite Thickness on the Stress Distribution Pattern of Restored Premolar Teeth with Cusp Reduction
Authors: Panahandeh Narges , Torabzadeh Hassan , Ziaee Nargess , Mahdian Mina , Tootiaee Bahman , Ghasemi Amir 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeDifferent thicknesses of restorative material can alter the stress distribution pattern in remaining tooth structure. The assumption is that a thicker composite restoration will induce a higher fracture resistance. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of composite thickness on stress distribution in a restored premolar with cusp reduction.Materials and MethodsA 3D solid model of a maxillary second premolar was prepared and meshed. MOD cavities were designed with different cusp reduction thicknesses (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5 mm). Cavities were restored with Valux Plus composite. They were loaded with 200 N force on the occlusal surface in the direction of the long axis. Von Mises stresses were evaluated with Abaqus software.ResultsStress increased from occlusal to gingival and was maximum in the cervical region. The stressed area in the palatal cusp was more than that of the buccal cusp. Increasing the thickness of composite altered the shear stress to compressive stress in the occlusal area of the teeth.ConclusionThe model with 2.5 mm cusp reduction exhibited the most even stress distribution.
School Personnel Experiences in Notifying Parents About Their Child's Risk for Suicide: Lessons Learned
Authors: Nadeem Erum , Santiago Catherine DeCarlo , Kataoka Sheryl H. , Chang Vickie Y. , Stein Bradley D. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchools across the nation are increasingly implementing suicide prevention programs that involve training school staff and connecting students and their families to appropriate services. However, little is known about how parents are engaged in such efforts.METHODSThis qualitative study examined school staff perspectives on parent involvement in the implementation of a district‐wide suicide prevention program by analyzing focus group and interview data gathered on the program implementation processes. Participants included middle school teachers, administrators, and other school personnel.RESULTSStudy results revealed that in the immediate wake of a crisis or concern about suicide, school staff routinely contacted parents. However, substantial barriers prevent some students from receiving needed follow‐up care (eg, lack of consistent follow‐up, financial strain, parental stress, availability of appropriate services). Despite these challenges, school staff identified strategies that could better support parents before, during, and after the crisis. In particular, school‐based services increased the success of mental health referrals.CONCLUSIONSOur study suggests that systematic postcrisis follow‐up procedures are needed to improve the likelihood that students and families receive ongoing support. In particular, school‐based services and home visits, training and outreach for parents, and formal training for school mental health staff on parent engagement may be beneficial in this context.
A Tale of 2 Teachers: A Preschool Physical Activity Intervention Case Study
Authors: Howie Erin K. , Brewer Alisa E. , Dowda Marsha , McIver Kerry L. , Saunders Ruth P. , Pate Russell R. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPreschool settings vary greatly, and research has shown that interventions are more successful when they can be adapted to individual settings. This is a descriptive case study of how 2 teachers successfully adapted and implemented a preschool physical activity intervention.METHODSThe Study of Health and Activity in Preschool Environments (SHAPES) was a 3‐year physical activity intervention. A detailed case study of 2 high‐implementing teachers was conducted. Multiple data sources included accelerometry, direct observation, teacher surveys, and intervention staff field notes.RESULTSTeacher A focused on integrating physical activity into a wide range of activities, including parent and community events. Teacher B focused on high‐intensity, structured activities. Both teachers supported the intervention, worked closely with intervention staff, and operated their classroom as an autonomous unit with support from their directors. Teacher A provided an average of 31.5, 78.0, and 67.5 min of physical activity opportunity per day of observation during years 1, 2, and 3. Teacher B provided an average of 2.7, 33.5, and 73.3 minutes of physical activity opportunity per day of observation.CONCLUSIONSuccessful implementation of physical activity interventions may look different in different contexts; thus, interventions should allow for flexible implementation.
Kinetic flux profiling dissects nitrogen utilization pathways in the oleaginous green alga Chlorella protothecoides
Authors: Wu Chao , Xiong Wei , Dai Junbiao , Wu Qingyu 
Published: December 2015

As a promising candidate for biodiesel production, the green alga Chlorella protothecoides can efficiently produce oleaginous biomass and the lipid biosynthesis is greatly influenced by the availability of nitrogen source and corresponding nitrogen assimilation pathways. Based on isotope‐assisted kinetic flux profiling (KFP), the fluxes through the nitrogen utilization pathway were quantitatively analyzed. We found that autotrophic C. protothecoides cells absorbed ammonium mainly through glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and partially through glutamine synthetase (GS), which was the rate‐limiting enzyme of nitrogen assimilation process with rare metabolic activity of glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT, also known as glutamate synthase); whereas under heterotrophic conditions, the cells adapted to GS‐GOGAT cycle for nitrogen assimilation in which GS reaction rate was associated with GOGAT activity. The fact that C. protothecoides chooses the adenosine triphosphate‐free and less ammonium‐affinity GDH pathway, or alternatively the energy‐consuming GS‐GOGAT cycle with high ammonium affinity for nitrogen assimilation, highlights the metabolic adaptability of C. protothecoides exposed to altered nitrogen conditions.
New Ulvaceae (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) from mesophotic ecosystems across the Hawaiian Archipelago
Authors: Spalding Heather L. , Conklin Kimberly Y. , Smith Celia M. , O'Kelly Charles J. , Sherwood Alison R. 
Published: December 2015

Ulvalean algae (Chlorophyta) are most commonly described from intertidal and shallow subtidal marine environments worldwide, but are less well known from mesophotic environments. Their morphological simplicity and phenotypic plasticity make accurate species determinations difficult, even at the generic level. Here, we describe the mesophotic Ulvales species composition from 13 locations across 2,300 km of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Twenty‐eight representative Ulvales specimens from 64 to 125 m depths were collected using technical diving, submersibles, and remotely operated vehicles. Morphological and molecular characters suggest that mesophotic Ulvales in Hawaiian waters form unique communities comprising four species within the genera Ulva and Umbraulva, each with discrete geographic and/or depth‐related distributional patterns. Three genetically distinct taxa are supported by both plastid (rbcL and tufA) and nuclear (ITS1) markers, and are presented here as new species: Umbraulva kaloakulau, Ulva ohiohilulu, and Ulva iliohaha. We also propose a new Umbraulva species (Umbraulva kuaweuweu), which is closely related to subtidal records from New Zealand and Australia, but not formally described. To our knowledge, these are the first marine species descriptions from Hawai‘i resulting from the collaboration of traditional Hawaiian nomenclature specialists, cultural practitioners and scientists. The difficulty of finding reliable diagnostic morphological characters for these species reflects a common problem worldwide of achieving accurate identification of ulvalean taxa using solely morphological criteria. Mesophotic Ulvales appear to be distinct from shallow‐water populations in Hawai‘i, but their degree of similarity to mesophotic floras in other locations in the Pacific remains unknown.