bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global inequality chains: integrating mechanisms of value distribution into analyses of global production
Authors: QUENTIN DAVID , CAMPLING LIAM 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe global value chain (GVC) analytic, as currently conceived in the literature on global production, tracks ‘value added’ along commodity chains but does not interrogate where value comes from and where it goes. This tends to deflect narratives that relate to systemic inequalities and the mechanisms by which those inequalities are reproduced. We seek to remedy that defect in two ways. First, we demonstrate that assumptions in GVC analysis about the distribution of value creation along the chain, which are generally adopted to support value chain ‘upgrading’ as a policy prescription, may be unreliable. Second, we combine the analytic with the emerging ‘global wealth chain’ analytic regarding tax outcomes, for this will enable us to map contestation over value capture between capital, labour and the state along the chain. We call this synthetic analytic the ‘global inequality chain’ (GIC). While we deploy Marxian value theory to provide a framework for this schematic mapping exercise, we emphasize that the GIC is amenable to other value‐theoretical frameworks (provided such frameworks are objective rather than empirically reliant on realization in the form of prices). We illustrate the utility of the GIC by applying it to the topics of global gender inequality and corporate tax reform.
Introduction: the absent child and transnational families
Authors: BUTT LESLIE 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article introduces the concept of the absent child, and shows its importance for understanding experiences of contemporary transnational families. The article moves beyond a dominant scholarly focus on split families of working migrant parents and stay‐behind children in home communities. Instead, it draws out the power of absence in mobile families, focusing on the signs, meanings, imaginations and practices around children who may be hidden, deceased, imagined, abandoned or in other ways not present. It provides an introduction to four accompanying articles based on original research with families from Indonesia and the Philippines. These articles focus on the absent child as prosthesis for families, on the subtleties of affect around absence, and on the impact of normative regulatory practices on child absence.
Assemblages and affect: migrant mothers and the varieties of absent children
Authors: CONSTABLE NICOLE 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDrawing from stories told by migrant women in Hong Kong, this article builds on previous studies of ‘left‐behind children’ and calls for greater attention to the spectrum of sorts of absent children and to the formation of queer or less normative forms of migratory families. Taking a two‐pronged approach, I present an on‐the‐ground ethnographic and affective approach through several vignettes, and consider key elements of a more mid‐range and distanced ‘global assemblage’ approach to the institutions and expert knowledge that shape the experiences and practices of migrant mothers, migratory families, and the spectrum of absent children. This article posits that one's biological children, perhaps the most familial of kin, can become familiar or even unfamiliar strangers through contemporary processes, technologies and practices of migration and separation, and that the process of migration makes and unmakes conventional and unconventional sorts of families. While affective and assemblage approaches are independently valuable, combined they offer richer understandings of the complex interplay of factors – at various levels – that shape normative and queer families and different types of children's absences.
In vitro bioaccessibility of ergocalciferol in nanoemulsion‐based delivery system: the influence of food‐grade emulsifiers with different stabilising mechanisms
Authors: Shu Gaofeng , Khalid Nauman , Tan Tai Boon , Zhao Yiguo , Neves Marcos A. , Kobayashi Isao , Nakajima Mitsutoshi 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe effect of emulsifier type on the in vitro bioaccessibility of ergocalciferol‐loaded nanoemulsions was examined (mouth, stomach and small intestinal phases). Oil‐in‐water nanoemulsions were prepared using emulsifiers with different stabilising mechanisms: decaglycerol monooleate (MO7S; steric), modified lecithin (ML; electrostatic), sodium caseinate (SC; electrosteric) and ML‐MO7S (combined electrostatic and steric). The droplet size, size distribution, ζ‐potential and microstructure of nanoemulsions during digestion depended on the emulsifier type. The fate of lipid in the small intestinal phase also relied on the emulsifier type, with the free fatty acids release rate decreasing in the following order: MO7S > ML‐MO7S > ML > SC. The ergocalciferol bioaccessibilities in nanoemulsions prepared using MO7S (62%), ML (64%) and ML‐MO7S (65%) were similar and significantly higher than that stabilised by SC (12%). No significant loss of ergocalciferol was observed in all nanoemulsions after full digestion; they were chemically stable against digestion conditions, regardless of the emulsifier type.
Content of anthocyanins and glycoalkaloids in blue‐fleshed potatoes and changes in the content of α‐solanine and α‐chaconine during manufacture of fried and dried products
Authors: Rytel Elżbieta , Tajner‐Czopek Agnieszka , Kita Agnieszka , Kucharska Alicja Z. , Sokół‐Łętowska Anna , Hamouz Karel 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIn the last ten or so years, potatoes with purple or blue‐flesh and derivative products, for example chips, have appeared on the European markets. The interest in this raw material and these products is increasing among both producers and consumers searching for novel and attractive choices. The anthocyanin content of the analysed potato varieties differed; a higher content of these pigments was determined in Blaue Elise var. potatoes. In blue‐flesh varieties, the prevailing anthocyanins were acylated glycosides: petunidin and malvidin. The production process of French fries, chips and puree caused a decrease in the content of glycoalkaloids in semi‐products and finished products, compared to the raw material. The greatest losses of α‐chaconine and α‐solanine were observed after tuber peeling (ca. 70%) and after frying (ca. 90%). French fries contained 3%, chips 16% and puree 17% of the initial amount of total glycoalkaloids. The losses of α‐chaconine and α‐solanine in the analysed semi‐products and finished products were at the same level, regardless of the processing technology applied.
The roles of adult siblings in the lives of people with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Hall Sarah A. , Rossetti Zach 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundSiblings of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often assume key roles to support their brothers and sisters. For people with more significant support needs, siblings may undertake additional roles and responsibilities throughout their lives. The purpose of the present study was to identify and describe the roles of adult siblings who have a brother or sister with severe IDD.MethodSeventy‐nine adult siblings from 19 to 72 years of age completed an online survey with open‐ended questions about the roles they play in their relationships with their brother or sister.ResultsThematic analysis resulted in identification of several roles including caregiver, friend (social partner), advocate, legal representative, sibling (teacher/role model), leisure planner and informal service coordinator.ConclusionSiblings assume key roles in the lives of people with IDD and need support from family and professionals to perform these roles.
Parent‐to‐Parent support providers: How recruits are identified
Authors: Dodds Robin L. , Singer George H. S. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo examine selection criteria for Parent‐to‐Parent support parents trained to provide support to other parents of children with disabilities.MethodTen leaders of Parent‐to‐Parent programmes participated in telephone interviews to explore attributes associated with parents selected to be trained as support parents.ResultsQualitative analysis reveals parents deemed “ready” to become support parents, build relationships, exhibit positivity, build capacities, have good communication skills and a future orientation and feel the need to give back. An additional set of attributes we have named, “red flags” are associated with parents not suitable to provide support are also presented.ConclusionsParent‐to‐Parent support parents are informally identified by a set of characteristics that can be operationalized for screening purposes. Findings provide support for the positive influence of the peer support relationship and identify the need for a measure of parent “readiness” to assist in the recruitment of quality support parents for the Parent‐to‐Parent organization.
Elevated CO2 and temperature alter development and food utilization of Spodoptera litura fed on resistant soybean
Authors: Zhang Y. F. , Wan G. J. , Liu B. , Zhang X. G. , Xing G. N. , Chen F. J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEffects of elevated atmospheric CO2 (elevated CO2 vs. ambient CO2) and temperature (+0.67–0.79°C vs. ambient temperature) on the developmental life cycle of Spodoptera litura and the food utilization of the fourth‐instar larvae fed on soybean (resistant cultivar Lamar vs. susceptible landrace JLNMH) grown in open‐top chambers were studied from 2013 to 2015. The results indicated that: (i) compared with ambient CO2, elevated CO2 significantly prolonged the duration of larva and pupa, and adult longevity; significantly decreased the pupation rate, pupal weight, fecundity, the relative growth rate (RGR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD); and increased the relative consumption rate (RCR) and approximate digestibility (AD). (ii) Compared with ambient temperature, elevated temperature significantly shortened the duration of larva and pupa; significantly decreased the pupal weight; and increased the RGR, RCR, ECD and ECI. (iii) Compared with the susceptible soybean accession JLNMH, the resistant soybean cultivar Lamar significantly prolonged the duration of larva and pupa; significantly decreased the pupation rate, pupal weight, adult longevity, fecundity and RGR, RCR and AD; and increased the indexes of ECD. (iv) At elevated temperature, S. litura fed on resistant vs. susceptible cultivars showed opposite trends in the RGR, RCR, AD, ECD and ECI. In addition, elevated temperature under elevated CO2 significantly decreased the RGR (2014), ECD (2013 & 2014) and ECI (2013) and increased the AD (2013 & 2014) compared with other treatment combinations when S. litura fed on Lamar. Future climatic change of temperature and CO2 concentration would likely affect growth and food utilization of S. litura, with increased food intake, but the reduced fecundity may compensate for the increased food consumption, resulting in no significant reduction in insect‐induced yield loss in soybean production. Nevertheless, use of insect resistant soybean cultivars will aid in ecological management of S. litura and reduce the insecticide load in soybean production.
Variations in demand and provision for publicly funded outpatient musculoskeletal physiotherapy services across Quebec, Canada
Authors: Deslauriers Simon , Raymond Marie‐Hélène , Laliberté Maude , Lavoie Amélie , Desmeules François , Feldman Debbie E. , Perreault Kadija 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRationaleThe prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is high and expected to increase in the next decade. Persons suffering from musculoskeletal disorders benefit from early physiotherapy services. However, access to publicly funded physiotherapy services has been shown to be compromised by long waiting times and limited availability of resources in many countries around the world. Decisions on resource allocation may create geographic disparities in provision and access to services, which may result in inequity in access.Aims and objectivesThis study aimed to assess variations in demand and provision of publicly funded outpatient physiotherapy services across the province of Quebec, Canada, as well as to assess the demand to provision relationship.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of data retrieved from the 2008 Quebec Health Survey and data obtained from a survey of hospitals in the province of Quebec in 2015. We used geographic information systems analyses and descriptive analyses to assess geographic variations and the relationship between demand and provision.ResultsOur results indicate substantial variations in the provision and demand for physiotherapy services in the province of Quebec. The variations in service provision did not follow the variations in demand. Long waiting times and insufficient provision of services were found in many regions.ConclusionsThe variations in provision of physiotherapy services between regions reported in our study did not correspond to the variations in demand. Such geographic variations and demand to provision mismatches may create inequity in access to services, especially for those unable to afford private services.
Individual and combined effects of hepatitis B surface antigen level and viral load on liver cancer risk
Authors: Yang Yang , Gao Jing , Tan Yu‐Ting , Li Hong‐Lan , Wang Jing , Ma Xiao , Zheng Wei , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Xiang Yong‐Bing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and viral load are both hallmarks of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and have potential to stratify liver cancer risk.MethodsWe carried out a nested case–control study including 211 liver cancer cases and 221 controls who were seropositive for HBsAg within two population‐based cohorts in Shanghai. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsRisk of liver cancer was positively related to increasing levels of HBV‐DNA and HBsAg in dose–response manners. Compared with subjects with HBV‐DNA < 2000 IU/ml, the adjusted ORs increased from 2.11 (95%CI: 0.99–4.50) to 10.47 (95%CI: 5.06–21.68) for those with HBV‐DNA level at 2000–19 999 to ≥ 20 000 IU/ml. Compared with subjects at a low level of HBsAg (0.05–99 IU/ml), the adjusted ORs increased from 1.82 (95%CI: 0.90–3.68) to 2.21 (95%CI: 1.10–4.43) for those with HBsAg level at 100–999 to ≥ 1000 IU/ml. Compared with subjects with HBV‐DNA < 2000 IU/ml and HBsAg < 100 IU/ml, the adjusted ORs were increased from 2.20 (95%CI: 1.07–4.49) for those with HBV‐DNA < 2000 and HBsAg ≥ 100 IU/ml to 6.94 (95%CI: 3.39–14.23) for those with HBV‐DNA ≥ 2000 IU/ml and HBsAg < 1000 IU/ml, and 16.15 (95%CI: 7.60–34.32) for those with HBV‐DNA ≥ 2000 IU/ml and HBsAg ≥ 1000 IU/ml.ConclusionElevated levels of HBV‐DNA and HBsAg are associated with increased risks of liver cancer. Chronic HBsAg carriers may be suggested to simultaneously lower the viral load to < 2000 IU/ml and HBsAg level to < 100 IU/ml to lower their liver cancer risk.
Community‐Based Palliative Care and Advance Care Planning Documentation: Evidence from a Multispecialty Group
Authors: Tai‐Seale Ming , Yang Yan , Dillon Ellis , Tapper Sharon , Lai Steve , Yu Peter , Allore Heather , Ritchie Christine 
Published: October 2017

Background/ObjectivesWith the growing public demand for access to critical health data across care settings, it is essential that advance care planning (ACP) information be included in the electronic health record (EHR) so that multiple clinicians can access it and understand individuals’ preferences for end‐of‐life care. Community‐based palliative care programs often incorporate ACP services. This study examined whether a community‐based palliative care program is associated with digitally extractable ACP documentation in the EHR.DesignObservational study using propensity score–weighted generalized estimation equations to examine patterns of digitally extractable ACP documentation.SettingPalo Alto Medical Foundation (PAMF), a multispecialty ambulatory healthcare system in northern California.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older with serious illnesses between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014 (N = 3,444).InterventionCommunity‐based palliative care program in PAMF.MeasurementsDigitally extractable ACP in EHR.ResultsWe found that only 14% (n = 483) of individuals with serious illnesses had digitally extractable ACP in electronic health records. Of the 6% of individuals receiving palliative care, 65% had ACP, versus 11% of those not receiving palliative care. Study results showed a strong positive association between palliative care and ACP.ConclusionOnly a small percentage of individuals with serious illnesses had ACP documentation in the EHR. Individuals with serious illnesses infrequently used palliative care delivered by board‐certified palliative care specialists. Palliative care service use was associated with higher rates of ACP after controlling for organizational and individual characteristics using a propensity score weighting method. Scalable interventions targeted at non‐palliative care clinicians for universal access to ACP are needed.
Pulmonary anatomy and a case of unilateral aplasia in a common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina): developmental perspectives on cryptodiran lungs
Authors: Schachner E. R. , Sedlmayr J. C. , Schott R. , Lyson T. R. , Sanders R. K. , Lambertz M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) is a well studied and broadly distributed member of Testudines; however, very little is known concerning developmental anomalies and soft tissue pathologies of turtles and other reptiles. Here, we present an unusual case of unilateral pulmonary aplasia, asymmetrical carapacial kyphosis, and mild scoliosis in a live adult C. serpentina. The detailed three‐dimensional (3D) anatomy of the respiratory system in both the pathological and normal adult C. serpentina, and a hatchling are visualized using computed tomography (CT), microCT, and 3D digital anatomical models. In the pathological turtle, the right lung consists of an extrapulmonary bronchus that terminates in a blind stump with no lung present. The left lung is hyperinflated relative to the normal adult, occupying the extra coelomic space facilitated by the unusual mid‐carapacial kyphotic bulge. The bronchial tree of the left lung retains the overall bauplan of the normal specimens, with some minor downstream variation in the number of secondary airways. The primary difference between the internal pulmonary structure of the pathological individual and that of a normal adult is a marked increase in the surface area and density of the parenchymal tissue originating from the secondary airways, a 14.3% increase in the surface area to volume ratio. Despite this, the aplasia has not had an impact upon the ability of the turtle to survive; however, it did interfere with aquatic locomotion and buoyancy control under water. This turtle represents a striking example of a non‐fatal congenital defect and compensatory visceral hypertrophy.
Collusion Under Imperfect Monitoring with Asymmetric Firms
Authors: Garrod Luke , Olczak Matthew 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe explore the effects of asymmetries in capacity constraints on collusion where market demand is uncertain and where firms’ sales and prices are private information. We show that all firms can infer when at least one firm's sales are below some firm‐specific ‘trigger level.’ When firms use this public information to monitor the collusive agreement, price wars may occur on the equilibrium path. Symmetry facilitates collusion but, if price wars are sufficiently long, then the optimal collusive prices of symmetric capacity distributions are lower on average than the competitive prices of asymmetric capacity distributions. We draw conclusions for merger policy.
Retail Mergers and Food Prices: Evidence from France
Authors: Allain Marie‐Laure , Chambolle Claire , Turolla Stéphane , Villas‐Boas Sofia B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes the impact of a merger in the French supermarket industry on food prices. Using consumer panel data, we compare the changes in prices for merging and rival firms in affected and comparison markets. We use a novel definition of affected markets when some firms have a local pricing strategy and others a more centralized pricing strategy. We find that prices increase significantly following the merger, and that the merging firms lose market shares. For the rivals, the price increases are larger in local markets, in which concentration increased and differentiation changed after the merger.
Experiments with truth. A sociological variation on William James's Varieties of Religious Experience
Authors: Vandenberghe Frédéric 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWilliam James's Varieties of Religious Experience is a classic psycho‐philosophical study of the experience of the sacred and of its practical effects on the ordinary life of extraordinary persons. In a pragmatic variation of Kant's proof of god's existence, James uses personal accounts of converts to empirically demonstrate that there's “something” that has causal effects on the well‐being of the person. While the article is largely sympathetic to James explorations of the mystical, it offers a sociological variation on the Varieties that foregrounds the social, cultural and political aspects of religion.
The Effects of Self‐ and Peer‐Monitoring in Social Studies Performance of Students with Learning Disabilities and Low Achieving Students
Authors: Kim Woori , Ok Min Wook , Yoo Yongseok 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study employed group randomized trials to investigate the effects of self‐ and peer‐monitoring on the academic vocabulary and content knowledge of students with learning disabilities and low achieving students in social studies. Fourth grade students were randomly assigned to either treatment or control groups on a class level. Results indicated that there was a significant interaction effect between the intervention and students’ pretest scores on academic vocabulary acquisition; the intervention was more effective for students with lower scores in the pretest than those with higher scores. In addition, there was a significant intervention effect on content knowledge acquisition; the effect size of the growth of the treatment group on the content knowledge test was significantly larger than that of the comparison group. Teacher interviews also revealed that teachers viewed the intervention positively. Implications for practice and suggestions for future research are discussed.
National predictors of hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus distribution and decline in Britain
Authors: Pettett Carly E. , Johnson Paul J. , Moorhouse Tom P. , Macdonald David W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe utilise a volunteer survey recording roadkills between 2001 and 2011 to examine the factors affecting hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus abundance and decline. Hedgehogs were most abundant in the North and East of England and in Scotland, regions characterised by low badger numbers. Hedgehogs selected arable land and urban areas relative to their availability. Badger Meles meles and fox Vulpes vulpes abundance were negatively associated with hedgehog abundance at the 10 km2 scale. At the county level, foxes were positively associated with hedgehog numbers and badgers negatively associated. The mechanism behind the relationships between hedgehogs and badgers and foxes merits further investigation.