bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic Approach to Architectural Performance
Authors: Davidova Marie 
Published: June 2017

First-hand experiences in several design projects that were based on media richness and collaboration are described in this article. Although complex design processes are merely considered as socio-technical systems, they are deeply involved with natural systems. My collaborative research in the field of performance-oriented design combines digital and physical conceptual sketches, simulations and prototyping. GIGA-mapping - is applied to organise the data. The design process uses the most suitable tools, for the subtasks at hand, and the use of media is mixed according to particular requirements. These tools include digital and physical GIGA-mapping, parametric computer aided design (CAD), digital simulation of analyses, as well as sampling and 1:1 prototyping. Also discussed in this article are the methodologies used in several design projects to strategize these tools and the developments and trends in the tools employed. The paper argues that the digital tools tend to produce similar results through given pre-sets that often do not correspond to real needs. Thus, there is a significant need for mixed methods including prototyping in the creative design process. Media mixing and cooperation across disciplines is unavoidable in the holistic approach to contemporary design. This includes the consideration of diverse biotic and abiotic agents. I argue that physical and digital GIGA-mapping is a crucial tool to use in coping with this complexity. Furthermore, I propose the integration of physical and digital outputs in one GIGA-map and the participation and co-design of biotic and abiotic agents into one rich design research space, which is resulting in an ever-evolving research-design process-result time-based design.
Correlations of oriented ice and precipitation in marine midlatitude low clouds using collocated CloudSat, CALIOP, and MODIS observations
Authors: Ross Alexa , Holz Robert E. , Ackerman Steven A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn April 2006, the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) launched aboard the CALIPSO satellite and into the A‐Train constellation of satellites with its transmitter pointed near nadir. This proved problematic due to specular reflection from horizontally oriented ice crystals occurring more frequently than expected. Because the specular backscatter from oriented ice crystals has large attenuated backscatter and almost no depolarization, the standard lidar inversions cannot be applied. To mitigate this issue, the CALIOP transmitter was moved to 3° off nadir in November 2007. Though problematic for global CALIOP retrievals, the sensitivity to oriented ice during the first year of observations provides a unique data set to investigate scenes of this ice crystal signature. This study focuses on the CALIOP‐oriented signature that occurs in midlatitude ocean regions whose cloud tops are relatively warm and low, existing below 6 km. A significant seasonal dependence is found in the Northern Hemisphere with up to 19% of clouds below 6 km yielding specular reflection by CALIOP during the colder months. In contrast, the Southern Hemisphere lacks such seasonal dependence and sees fewer oriented ice crystals. Using collocated CloudSat observations with both CALIOP and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), we investigate the correlations of the oriented signature with MODIS cloud properties. Comparing with CloudSat precipitation retrievals, we find that the oriented signature is strongly correlated with surface precipitation with 64% of CALIOP‐oriented ice crystal cases precipitating compared to 40% for nonoriented cases.
Placing barrier‐island transgression in a blue‐carbon context
Authors: Theuerkauf Ethan J. , Rodriguez Antonio B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackbarrier saltmarshes are considered carbon sinks; however, barrier island transgression and the associated processes of erosion and overwash are typically not included in coastal carbon budgets. Here, we present a carbon‐budget model for transgressive barrier islands that includes a dynamic carbon‐storage term, driven by backbarrier‐marsh width, and a carbon‐export term, driven by ocean and backbarrier shoreline erosion. To examine the impacts of storms, human disturbances and the backbarrier setting of a transgressive barrier island on carbon budgets and reservoirs, the model was applied to sites at Core Banks and Onslow Beach, NC, USA. Results show that shoreline erosion and burial of backbarrier marsh from washover deposition and dredge‐spoil disposal temporarily transitioned each site into a net exporter (source) of carbon. The magnitude of the carbon reservoir was linked to the backbarrier setting of an island. Carbon reservoirs of study sites separated from the mainland by only backbarrier marsh (no lagoon) decreased for over a decade because carbon storage could not keep pace with erosion. With progressive narrowing of the backbarrier marsh, these barriers will begin to function more persistently as carbon sources until the reservoir is depleted at the point where the barrier welds with the mainland. Undeveloped barrier islands with wide lagoons are carbon sources briefly during erosive periods; however, at century time scales are net carbon importers (sinks) because new marsh habitat can form during barrier rollover. Human development on backbarrier saltmarsh serves to reduce the carbon storage capacity and can hasten the transition of an island from a sink to a source.
Crustal structure across the eastern North American margin from ambient noise tomography
Authors: Lynner Colton , Porritt Robert W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPassive tectonic margins, like the eastern North American margin (ENAM), represent the meeting of oceanic and continental material where no active deformation is occurring. The recent ENAM Community Seismic Experiment provides an opportunity to examine the crustal structure across the ENAM owing to the simultaneous deployment of offshore and onshore seismic instrumentation. Using Rayleigh wave phase and group velocities derived from ambient noise data, we invert for shear velocity across the ENAM. We observe a region of transitional crustal thicknesses that connects the oceanic and continental crusts. Associated with the transitional crust is a localized positive gravitational anomaly. Farther east, the East Coast magnetic anomaly (ECMA) is located at the intersection of the transitional and oceanic crusts. We propose that underplating of dense magmatic material along the bottom of the transitional crust is responsible for the gravitational anomaly and that the ECMA demarks the location of initial oceanic crustal formation.
Constrained variability of modeled T:ET ratio across biomes
Authors: Fatichi Simone , Pappas Christoforos 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA large variability (35–90%) in the ratio of transpiration to total evapotranspiration (referred here as T:ET) across biomes or even at the global scale has been documented by a number of studies carried out with different methodologies. Previous empirical results also suggest that T:ET does not covary with mean precipitation and has a positive dependence on leaf area index (LAI). Here we use a mechanistic ecohydrological model, with a refined process‐based description of evaporation from the soil surface, to investigate the variability of T:ET across biomes. Numerical results reveal a more constrained range and higher mean of T:ET (70 ± 9%, mean ± standard deviation) when compared to observation‐based estimates. T:ET is confirmed to be independent from mean precipitation, while it is found to be correlated with LAI seasonally but uncorrelated across multiple sites. Larger LAI increases evaporation from interception but diminishes ground evaporation with the two effects largely compensating each other. These results offer mechanistic model‐based evidence to the ongoing research about the patterns of T:ET and the factors influencing its magnitude across biomes.
Heterogeneity of direct aftershock productivity of the main shock rupture
Authors: Guo Yicun , Zhuang Jiancang , Hirata Naoshi , Zhou Shiyong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe epidemic type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model is widely used to describe and analyze the clustering behavior of seismicity. Instead of regarding large earthquakes as point sources, the finite‐source ETAS model treats them as ruptures that extend in space. Each earthquake rupture consists of many patches, and each patch triggers its own aftershocks isotropically. We design an iterative algorithm to invert the unobserved fault geometry based on the stochastic reconstruction method. This model is applied to analyze the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) catalog during 1964–2014. We take six great earthquakes with magnitudes >7.5 after 1980 as finite sources and reconstruct the aftershock productivity patterns on each rupture surface. Comparing results from the point‐source ETAS model, we find the following: (1) the finite‐source model improves the data fitting; (2) direct aftershock productivity is heterogeneous on the rupture plane; (3) the triggering abilities of M5.4+ events are enhanced; (4) the background rate is higher in the off‐fault region and lower in the on‐fault region for the Tohoku earthquake, while high probabilities of direct aftershocks distribute all over the source region in the modified model; (5) the triggering abilities of five main shocks become 2–6 times higher after taking the rupture geometries into consideration; and (6) the trends of the cumulative background rate are similar in both models, indicating the same levels of detection ability for seismicity anomalies. Moreover, correlations between aftershock productivity and slip distributions imply that aftershocks within rupture faults are adjustments to coseismic stress changes due to slip heterogeneity.
Utilizing oceanic electromagnetic induction to constrain an ocean general circulation model: A data assimilation twin experiment
Authors: Irrgang Christopher , Saynisch Jan , Thomas Maik 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSatellite observations of the magnetic field induced by the general ocean circulation could provide new constraints on global oceanic water and heat transports. This opportunity is investigated in a model‐based twin experiment by assimilating synthetic satellite observations of the ocean‐induced magnetic field into a global ocean model. The general circulation of the world ocean is simulated over the period of 1 month. Idealized daily observations are generated from this simulation by calculating the ocean‐induced magnetic field at 450 km altitude and disturbing these global fields with error estimates. Utilizing an ensemble Kalman filter, the observations are assimilated into the same ocean model with a different initial state and different atmospheric forcing. Compared to a reference simulation without data assimilation, the corrected ocean‐induced magnetic field is improved throughout the whole simulation period and over large regions. The global RMS differences of the ocean‐induced magnetic field are reduced by up to 17%. Local improvements show values up to 54%. RMS differences of the depth‐integrated zonal and meridional ocean velocities are improved by up to 7% globally, and up to 50% locally. False corrections of the ocean model state are identified in the South Pacific Ocean and are linked to a deficient estimation of the ocean model error covariance matrices. Most Kalman filter induced changes in the ocean velocities extend from the sea surface down to the deep ocean. Allowing the Kalman filter to correct the wind stress forcing of the ocean model is essential for a successful assimilation.
Missing HLA C group 1 ligand in patients with AML and MDS is associated with reduced risk of relapse and better survival after allogeneic stem cell transplantation with fludarabine and treosulfan reduced toxicity conditioning
Authors: Shimoni Avichai , Vago Luca , Bernardi Massimo , Yerushalmi Ronit , Peccatori Jacopo , Greco Raffaella , Shem‐Tov Noga , Lo Russo Alessandro , Danylesko Ivetta , Apel Arie , Bonini Chiara , Lupo Stanghellini Maria Teresa , Nagler Arnon , Ciceri Fabio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractReduced‐toxicity conditioning with fludarabine and treosulfan is a dose‐intensive regimen with enhanced anti‐leukemia effect and acceptable toxicity in AML/MDS. HLA‐C regulates natural‐killer (NK) cell function by inhibiting Killer immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR) and is divided into C1 and C2 epitopes. The missing‐ligand theory suggests that missing recipient KIR ligands drives NK‐alloreactivity after SCT, in the absence of HLA‐mismatch by activating unlicensed donor NK cells. We analyzed SCT outcomes in 203 patients with AML/MDS, median age 58 years, given SCT from matched‐siblings (n = 97) or matched‐unrelated donors (n = 106), using two treosulfan doses (total 36 or 42 g/m2). 34% expressed one HLA‐C group 1 allele (C1C1), 19% one HLA‐C group 2 allele (C2C2), and 48% both KIR ligands (C1C2). Median follow‐up was 48 months. 5‐year relapse, nonrelapse mortality (NRM) and leukemia‐free survival (LFS) rates were 38%, 27%, and 36%, respectively. Relapse rates were 43%, 45%, and 26% in patients expressing C1C1, C1C2, and C2C2 ligands, respectively (P = .03). Multivariate‐analysis identified chemo‐refractory disease (HR 3.1, P = .003), poor cytogenetics (HR 1.7, P = .08), female donor to male recipient (HR 0.4, P = .01) and C2C2 ligands (HR 0.4, P = .04) as independent factors predicting relapse. HLA‐C ligands were not associated with GVHD or NRM. LFS was 33%, 30%, and 46%, respectively (P = .07). Chemorefractory disease (HR 3.1, P = .0004) and C2C2 group ligand (HR 0.6, P = .06) independently predicted LFS. Treosulfan dose did not predict any SCT outcome. In conclusion, missing HLA‐C group 1 ligand is associated with reduced relapse risk, similar NRM and improved LFS, after HLA‐matched SCT with treosulfan conditioning in AML/MDS.
Platelet counts in women with normal pregnancies: A systematic review
Authors: Reese Jessica A. , Peck Jennifer D. , McIntosh Jennifer J. , Vesely Sara K. , George James N. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe occurrence of thrombocytopenia in 5% of pregnant women at delivery, described as gestational thrombocytopenia, is well documented. A commonly believed concept is that gestational thrombocytopenia is the result of gradually decreasing platelet counts in all women during pregnancy. The goal of our study was to evaluate the data supporting this concept. To learn what is known about platelet counts throughout normal pregnancies, we systematically reviewed all publications describing platelet counts during pregnancy. We identified 3,039 studies; 46 reporting ≥30 women with normal pregnancies were included in our analyses. The combined mean platelet counts from all studies supported the concept that platelet counts decrease during pregnancy and increase postpartum: first trimester, 251,000/µL (95% CI, 238,000‐264,000/µL); second trimester, 238,000/µL (95% CI, 222,000‐253,000/µL); third trimester, 224,000/µL (95% CI, 213,000‐235,000/µL); delivery, 237,000/µL (95% CI, 209,000‐264,000/µL); 4‐8 weeks postpartum, 247,000/µL (95% CI, 207,000‐287,000/µL). However, individual studies were inconsistent. Eleven longitudinal studies compared platelet counts on the same women at different times during gestation: seven reported a decrease; four reported no change. Ten cross‐sectional studies compared platelet counts of different women at different times during gestation: five reported a decrease; five reported no change. Five studies compared platelet counts of pregnant to nonpregnant women: three reported that platelet counts were lower in pregnant women; one reported no difference; one reported that platelet counts were higher in pregnant women. These inconsistent data emphasize the need to accurately describe platelet counts throughout normal pregnancies. Accurate data are essential for evaluating the clinical importance of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy.
Scale of human mobility in the southern Andes (Argentina and Chile): A new framework based on strontium isotopes
Authors: Barberena Ramiro , Durán Víctor A , Novellino Paula , Winocur Diego , Benítez Anahí , Tessone Augusto , Quiroga María N , Marsh Erik J , Gasco Alejandra , Cortegoso Valeria , Lucero Gustavo , Llano Carina , Knudson Kelly J 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe goal of this article is to assess the scale of human paleomobility and ecological complementarity between the lowlands and highlands in the southern Andes during the last 2,300 years. By providing isotope results for human bone and teeth samples, we assess a hypothesis of “high residential mobility” suggested on the basis of oxygen isotopes from human remains.MethodsWe develop an isotopic assessment of human mobility in a mountain landscape combining strontium and oxygen isotopes. We analyze bone and teeth samples as an approach to life‐history changes in spatial residence. Human samples from the main geological units and periods within the last two millennia are selected.ResultsWe present a framework for the analysis of bioavailable strontium based on the combination of the geological data with isotope results for rodent samples. The87Sr/86Sr values from human samples indicate residential stability within geological regions along life history. When comparing strontium and oxygen values for the same human samples, we record a divergent pattern: while δ18O values for samples from distant regions overlap widely, there are important differences in87Sr/86Sr values.ConclusionsDespite the large socio‐economic changes recorded,87Sr/86Sr values indicate a persisting scenario of low systematic mobility between the different geological regions. Our results suggest that strontium isotope values provide the most germane means to track patterns of human occupation of distinct regions in complex geological landscapes, offering a much higher spatial resolution than oxygen isotopes in the southern Andes.
Venous thromboembolism in major trauma patients: a single‐center retrospective cohort study of the epidemiology and utility of D‐dimer for screening
Authors: Yumoto Tetsuya , Naito Hiromichi , Yamakawa Yasuaki , Iida Atsuyoshi , Tsukahara Kohei , Nakao Atsunori 
Published: June 2017

AimVenous thromboembolism (VTE) can be a life‐threatening complication after major trauma. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of VTE and to assess the usefulness of D‐dimer for screening for VTE in major trauma cases among the Japanese population.MethodsWe examined a single‐center retrospective cohort of severely injured trauma patients who had been admitted to the emergency intensive care unit at Okayama University Hospital (Okayama, Japan) from April 2013 through to March 2016. Venous thromboembolism was confirmed by computed tomography angiography and computed tomography venography, which was determined based on the attending physician monitoring daily D‐dimer levels. Independent risk factors for VTE were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis. D‐dimer levels were evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) to predict VTE.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 204 trauma patients (median Injury Severity Score, 20). Of the 204 patients, 65 (32%) developed VTE. The median time from admission to VTE diagnosis was 10 days. In multiple logistic regression analysis, higher Injury Severity Score and the presence of lower extremity fractures were revealed to be a risk factor for VTE. D‐dimer levels at day 10 showed moderate accuracy, of which the AUROC was 0.785 (95% confidence interval, 0.704–0.866; P < 0.001). The cut‐off that maximized the Youden index was 12.45 μg/mL.ConclusionsAt least one of every three major trauma patients had potential development of VTE at a median of 10 days following admission to the intensive care unit. D‐dimer levels on day 10 can be a useful predictor of VTE.
Von der chemischen Topologie zu molekularen Maschinen (Nobel‐Aufsatz)
Authors: Sauvage Jean‐Pierre 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDas Gebiet der molekularen Maschinen nahm seinen Anfang, nachdem mehreren Forschungsgruppen die relativ einfache Herstellung ineinander verschlungener Ringverbindungen gelungen war. Man unterscheidet hier Catenane, als ineinander verschlungene Ringe, und Rotaxane, bei denen Ringe auf molekulare Fasern oder Achsen aufgefädelt sind. Andere Familien von molekularen Maschinen wurden ebenfalls entwickelt, die nicht in den Bereich der Catenane oder Rotaxane gehören, diese stammen aber erst aus jüngerer Zeit. Da die Erzeugung ineinander verschlungener Ringmoleküle mit Blick auf das Gebiet der molekularen Maschinen so wichtig ist, werden wir mit diesem Teil unserer Arbeiten beginnen. Der zweite Teil wird sich den dynamischen Eigenschaften solcher Systeme widmen, sowie den Verbindungen, deren Bewegung auf kontrollierte Weise “von außen” gesteuert werden kann, d. h. den molekularen Maschinen. Wir werden unsere Ausführungen auf eine sehr begrenzte Auswahl von Beispielen beschränken, die wir als besonders repräsentativ für das Forschungsgebiet erachten.
Iridium(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydrocarbonation of Alkenes: Efficient Access to Cyclic Systems Bearing Quaternary Stereocenters
Authors: Fernández David F. , Gulías Moisés , Mascareñas José L. , López Fernando 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA catalytic, versatile and atom‐economical C−H functionalization process that provides a wide variety of cyclic systems featuring methyl‐substituted quaternary stereocenters is described. The method relies on the use of a cationic IrI–bisphosphine catalyst, which promotes a carboxamide‐assisted activation of an olefinic C(sp2)−H bond followed by exo‐cyclization to a tethered 1,1‐disubstituted alkene. The extension of the method to aromatic and heteroaromatic C−H bonds, as well as developments on an enantioselective variant, are also described.
ABi2(IO3)2F5 (A=K, Rb, and Cs): A Combination of Halide and Oxide Anionic Units To Create a Large Second‐Harmonic Generation Response with a Wide Bandgap
Authors: Liu Hongming , Wu Qi , Jiang Xingxing , Lin Zheshuai , Meng Xianggao , Chen Xingguo , Qin Jingui 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA family of nonlinear optical materials that contain the halide, oxide, and oxyhalide polar units simultaneously in a single structure, namely ABi2(IO3)2F5 (A=K (1), Rb (2), and Cs (3)), have been designed and synthesized. They crystallize in the same polar space group (P21) with a two‐dimensional double‐layered framework constructed by [BiF5]2− and [BiO2F4]5− units connected to each other by four F atoms, in which two [IO3]− groups are linked to [BiO2F4]5− unit on the same side. A hanging Bi−F bond of [BiF5]2− unit is located on the other side via ionic interaction with the layer‐inserted alkali metal ions to form three‐dimensional structure. The well‐ordered alignments of these polar units lead to a very strong second‐harmonic generation response of 12 (1), 9.5 (2), and 7.5 (3) times larger than that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate under 1064 nm laser radiation. All of them exhibited a wide energy bandgap over 3.75 eV, suggesting that they will have a high laser damage threshold.