bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preconditioning with the BKCa channel activator NS-1619 prevents ischemia-reperfusion-induced inflammation and mucosal barrier dysfunction: roles for ROS and heme oxygenase-1
Authors: Dai Hongyan , Wang Meifang , Patel Parag N. , Kalogeris Theodore , Liu Yajun , Durante William , Korthuis Ronald J. 
Published: August 2017

Activation of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels evokes cell survival programs that mitigate intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) inflammation and injury 24 h later. The goal of the present study was to determine the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in delayed acquisition of tolerance to I/R induced by pretreatment with the BKCa channel opener NS-1619. Superior mesentery arteries were occluded for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 70 min in wild-type (WT) or HO-1-null (HO-1−/−) mice that were pretreated with NS-1619 or saline vehicle 24 h earlier. Intravital microscopy was used to quantify the numbers of rolling and adherent leukocytes. Mucosal permeability, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, and HO-1 activity and expression in jejunum were also determined. I/R induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion, increased intestinal TNF-α levels, and enhanced mucosal permeability in WT mice, effects that were largely abolished by pretreatment with NS-1619. The anti-inflammatory and mucosal permeability-sparing effects of NS-1619 were prevented by coincident treatment with the HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin-IX or a cell-permeant SOD mimetic, Mn(III)tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP), in WT mice. NS-1619 also increased jejunal HO-1 activity in WT animals, an effect that was attenuated by treatment with the BKCa channel antagonist paxilline or MnTBAP. I/R also increased postischemic leukocyte rolling and adhesion and intestinal TNF-α levels in HO-1−/− mice to levels comparable to those noted in WT animals. However, NS-1619 was ineffective in preventing these effects in HO-1-deficient mice. In summary, our data indicate that NS-1619 induces the development of an anti-inflammatory phenotype and mitigates postischemic mucosal barrier disruption in the small intestine by a mechanism that may involve ROS-dependent HO-1 activity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Antecedent treatment with the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel opener NS-1619 24 h before ischemia-reperfusion limits postischemic tissue injury by an oxidant-dependent mechanism. The present study shows that NS-1619-induced oxidant production prevents ischemia-reperfusion-induced inflammation and mucosal barrier disruption in the small intestine by provoking increases in heme oxygenase-1 activity.
Prolonged, Uninterrupted Sedentary Behavior and Glycemic Biomarkers Among US Hispanic/Latino Adults
Authors: Diaz Keith M. , Goldsmith Jeff , Greenlee Heather , Strizich Garrett , Qi Qibin , Mossavar-Rahmani Yasmin , Vidot Denise C. , Buelna Christina , Brintz Carrie E. , Elfassy Tali , Gallo Linda C. , Daviglus Martha L. , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Kaplan Robert C. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Excessive sedentary time is ubiquitous in developed nations and is associated with deleterious health outcomes. Few studies have examined whether the manner in which sedentary time is accrued (in short or long bouts) carries any clinical relevance. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of prolonged, uninterrupted sedentary behavior with glycemic biomarkers in a cohort of US Hispanic/Latino adults.

Methods:
We studied 12 083 participants from the HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos), a population-based study of Hispanic/Latino adults 18 to 74 years of age. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured from a fasting blood sample, and 2-hour glucose was measured after an oral glucose tolerance test. Sedentary time was objectively measured with a hip-mounted accelerometer. Prolonged, uninterrupted sedentariness was expressed as mean sedentary bout length.

Results:

After adjustment for potential confounders and moderate to vigorous physical activity, longer sedentary bout duration was dose-dependently associated with increased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (
P
for trend<0.001) and 2-hour glucose levels (
P
for trend=0.015). These associations were not independent of total sedentary time; however, a significant interaction between sedentary bout duration and total sedentary time was observed. Evaluation of the joint association of total sedentary time and sedentary bout duration showed that participants in the upper quartile for both sedentary characteristics (ie, high total sedentary time and high sedentary bout duration) had the highest levels of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (
P
<0.001 versus low group for both sedentary characteristics) and 2-hour glucose (
P
=0.002 versus low group for both sedentary characteristics). High total sedentary time or high sedentary bout duration alone were not associated with differences in any glycemic biomarkers.

Conclusions:
Accruing sedentary time in prolonged, uninterrupted bouts may be deleteriously associated with biomarkers of glucose regulation.
Analysis of Rain Types and Their Z–R Relationships at Different Locations in the High Andes of Southern Ecuador
Authors: Orellana-Alvear Johanna , Célleri Rolando , Rollenbeck Rütger , Bendix Jörg 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInformation on the spatiotemporal rainfall occurrence, its microphysical characteristics, and its reflectivity–rainfall (Z–R) relations required to provide rainfall mapping based on rain radar data is limited for tropical high mountains. Therefore, this study aims to analyze rainfall types in the Andes cordillera to derive different rain-type Z–R relations using disdrometer observations at three study sites representative for different geographic positions and elevations (2610, 3626, and 3773 m MSL). Rain categorization based on mean drop volume diameter (Dm) thresholds [0.1 < Dm (mm) ≤ 0.5; 0.5 < Dm (mm) ≤ 1.0; 1.0 < Dm (mm) ≤ 2.0] was performed using drop size distribution data at a 5-min time step over an approximate 2-yr period at each location. The findings are as follows: (i) Rain observations characterized by higher (lower) Dm and rain rates are more frequent at the lower (higher) site. (ii) Because of its geographic position, very light rain (drizzle) is more common at higher altitudes with longer-duration events, whereas rainfall is more convective at the lower range. (iii) The specific spatial exposition regarding cloud and rain formation seems to play an important role for derivation of the local Z–R relationship. (iv) Low A coefficients (≤60) for the first rain type resemble typical characteristics of orographic precipitation. (v) Greater values of A (lowest and highest stations for Dm > 1.0 mm) are attributed to transitional rainfall as found in other studies. (vi) Rain-type Z–R relations show a better adjustment in comparison with site-specific Z–R relationships. This study is the first contribution of Z–R relations for tropical rainfall in the high Andes.
Endoscopic full thickness resection (EFTR) of colorectal neoplasms with the Full Thickness Resection Device (FTRD): Clinical experience from two tertiary referral centers in Switzerland
Authors: Aepli Patrick , Criblez Dominique , Baumeler Stephan , Borovicka Jan , Frei Remus 
Published: August 2017

Background Endoscopic full thickness resection (EFTR) by the Full Thickness Resection Device (FTRD) has recently been introduced as a method to allow resection of certain lesions such as adenomatous polyps that would not be resectable by standard polypectomy techniques. We report our clinical experience with FTRD procedures, assessing technical success, completeness of resection (R0 status), rate of histologically proven FTR and safety. Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 33 consecutive patients with colonic polyps treated with FTRD from May 2015 to November 2016. Results Indications mainly were adenoma recurrence or residual adenoma with nonlifting sign after previous polypectomy. In the 31 cases amenable to EFTR, resection was en bloc and histologically complete (R0) in 87.9% (29/33) of patients. Histologically confirmed complete full thickness resection (FTR) was achieved in 80.6% (25/31). Three post-procedure bleedings and one perforation were seen. Conclusion FTRD offers an additional endoscopic approach to treat nonlifting colorectal lesions. EFTR by FTRD appears to be feasible and efficacious in the resection of benign neoplasms of up to 30 mm in diameter and may be an alternative to surgery in selected patients. Given a significant rate of complications, safety is a concern and needs to be assessed in larger prospective studies.
Safety and Antitumor Activity of Pembrolizumab in Patients With Programmed Death-Ligand 1–Positive Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Results of the KEYNOTE-028 Study
Authors: Hsu Chiun , Lee Se-Hoon , Ejadi Samuel , Even Caroline , Cohen Roger B. , Le Tourneau Christophe , Mehnert Janice M. , Algazi Alain , van Brummelen Emilie M.J. , Saraf Sanatan , Thanigaimani Pradeep , Cheng Jonathan D. , Hansen Aaron R. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose To establish the safety profile and antitumor activity of the anti–programmed death 1 receptor monoclonal antibody, pembrolizumab, in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC) that expressed programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Patients and Methods KEYNOTE-028 (NCT02054806) is a nonrandomized, multicohort, phase Ib trial of pembrolizumab in patients with PD-L1–positive advanced solid tumors. Key eligibility criteria for the NPC cohort included unresectable or metastatic disease, failure on prior standard therapy, and PD-L1 expression in 1% or more of tumor cells or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Patients received pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks up to 2 years or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) per investigator review. Tumor response was assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST; version 1.1) every 8 weeks for the first 6 months and every 12 weeks thereafter. Results Twenty-seven patients received pembrolizumab. Median age was 52.0 years (range, 18 to 68 years); 92.6% received prior therapies for RM-NPC; 70.4% had received three or more therapies. Partial response and stable disease were observed in seven and 14 patients, respectively, for an ORR of 25.9% (95% CI, 11.1 to 46.3) over a median follow-up of 20 months. ORR by central review was similar (26.3%). Drug-related adverse events that occurred in 15% or more of patients included rash (25.9%), pruritus (25.9%), pain (22.2%), hypothyroidism (18.5%), and fatigue (18.5%). Grade ≥ 3 drug-related adverse events occurred in eight patients (29.6%), and there was one drug-related death (sepsis). As of the data cutoff (June 20, 2016), two patients remained on pembrolizumab treatment. Conclusion Pembrolizumab demonstrated antitumor activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with RM-NPC.
A framework for Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIM) studies in Malawi: Report of a Wellcome Trust workshop on CHIM in Low Income Countries held in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Gordon Stephen B , Rylance Jamie , Luck Amy , Jambo Kondwani C. , Ferreira Daniela M , Manda-Taylor Lucinda , Bejon Philip , Ngwira Bagrey , Littler Katherine , Seager Zoe , Gibani Malick , Gmeiner Markus , Roestenberg Meta , Mlombe Yohannie ,   Wellcome Trust CHIM workshop participants
Published: August 2017

Controlled human infection model (CHIM) studies have pivotal importance in vaccine development, being useful for proof of concept, pathogenesis, down-selection and immunogenicity studies. To date, however, they have seldom been carried out in low and middle income countries (LMIC), which is where the greatest burden of vaccine preventable illness is found. This workshop discussed the benefits and barriers to CHIM studies in Malawi. Benefits include improved vaccine effectiveness and host country capacity development in clinical, laboratory and governance domains. Barriers include acceptability, safety and regulatory issues. The report suggests a framework by which ethical, laboratory, scientific and governance issues may be addressed by investigators considering or planning CHIM in LMIC.
Typification of the name Abies nebrodensis (Pinaceae)
Authors: Gristina Emilio Di , Domina Gianniantonio , Raimondo Francesco M. , Scafidi Filippo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAbies nebrodensis, endemic to the Madonie mountains (central‐north Sicily), was originally described by Lojacono Pojero as A. pectinata var. nebrodensis and later raised to the rank of species. The species is considered to be critically endangered and was thought to be extinct until an extant population was rediscovered in 1957. The name is here lectotypified on a specimen preserved at NAP.
A molecular phylogeny of the Sematophyllaceae s.l. (Hypnales) based on plastid, mitochondrial and nuclear markers, and its taxonomic implications
Authors: Carvalho-Silva Micheline , Stech Michael , Helena Soares-Silva Lucia , Buck William R. , Wickett Norman J. , Liu Yang , Câmara Paulo E.A.S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Sematophyllaceae s.l. (Sematophyllaceae+Pylaisiadelphaceae) is a family of pleurocarpous mosses that is widely distributed throughout the globe, with centers of diversity in tropical forests. The circumscriptions of the family and its genera have been unstable, due to reductions in morphological complexity and alternative weightings of discrete morphological traits. Based on a sample spanning much of the generic diversity of the family, we inferred the phylogenetic relationships within the Sematophyllaceae s.l. from the variation in eight molecular markers from all three genomes (nuclear, mitochondrial, chloroplast). The Sematophyllaceae s.l. was resolved as monophyletic, as was the Sematophyllaceae s.str.; whereas the Pylaisiadelphaceae was found to be paraphyletic, although its monophyly could not be rejected. The morphological definition of the Pylaisiadelphaceae remains dubious, in the absence of unambiguous synapomorphies. The relationships of the clades of Pylaisiadelphaceae and Sematophyllaceae are discussed with respect to the circumscription of morphogenera, with a focus on the Sematophyllaceae crown clade (Aptychopsis, Chionostomum, Colobodontium, Donnellia, Macrohymenium, Paranapiacabaea, Pterogoniopsis, Rhaphidorrhynchium, Schroeterella, Sematophyllum, Warburgiella). Most genera of Sematophyllaceae were resolved as polyphyletic (e.g., Acroporium, Donnellia, Schroeterella, Sematophyllum, Trichosteleum) indicative of severe homoplasy in their putative diagnostic traits. We propose 4 new genera (Brittonodoxa, Microcalpe, Pocsia, Vitalia) and 19 new combinations (Aptychopsis cylindrothecia, A. estrellae, A. tequendamensis, Brittonodoxa allinckxiorum, B. cataractae, B. lithophila, B. squarrosa, B. steyermarkii, B. subpinnata, Microcalpe subsimplex, Pocsia matutina, Pterogoniopsis paulista, Schroeterella exigua, Trichosteleum amnigenum, T. lonchophyllum, Vitalia caespitosa, V. cuspidifera, V. esmeraldica, V. galipensis)
A three‐genome five‐gene comprehensive phylogeny of the bulbous genus Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae) challenges current classifications and reveals multiple hybridization events
Authors: Marques Isabel , Fuertes Aguilar Javier , Martins-Louçao Maria Amélia , Moharrek Farideh , Nieto Feliner Gonzalo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBesides being one of the most popular ornamental bulbs in western horticulture, the Mediterranean genus Narcissus has been the subject of numerous studies focusing on a wide scope of topics, including cytogenetics, hybridization and the evolution of polymorphic sexual systems. Phylogenetic hypotheses based on chloroplast data have provided a backbone for the genus but a detailed phylogenetic framework is still lacking. To fill this gap, we present a phylogenetic study of the genus using five markers from three genomes: ndhF and matK (chloroplast DNA), cob and atpA (mitochondrial DNA), and ITS (nuclear ribosomal DNA). In addition, we use chromosome counts from 89 populations representing 69 taxa. All analyses confirm that Narcissus is monophyletic with two main lineages largely corresponding to subg. Hermione and subg. Narcissus, but with incongruences between organellar and nuclear ribosomal phylogenies. At the infrageneric levels, our phylogenetic results challenge well‐established taxonomic groups, such as sect. Jonquillae, sect. Bulbocodii and sect. Pseudonarcissi, each of which contains at least two distinct lineages that do not constitute monophyletic groups, and highlight the influence of allopolyploid species in the monophyly of sections within subg. Hermione. The type of the genus and its section is also nested within sect. Pseudonarcissi supporting new nomenclatural changes. Our results also confirm the intersubgeneric hybrid nature of several hybrids including allopolyploids (e.g., N. dubius, N. tortifolius, N. miniatus). Morphological and cytogenetic evidence independently support the hypothesis that some of the incongruence can be attributed to hybridization, such as the splits of sect. Bulbocodii and sect. Pseudonarcissi or the disparate phylogenetic placements of sect. Aurelia and sect. Ganymedes. Together, this indicates a significant role for reticulate evolution in shaping the diversity of this genus. A Bayesian divergence time analysis suggests that the major diversification events took place during the Neogene and provides younger estimates for the main nodes than previous studies, which fit paleoclimatic and paleotectonic reconstructions of the western Mediterranean during this period.
Unravelling the phylogeny of the root‐hemiparasitic genus Odontites (tribe Rhinantheae, Orobanchaceae): Evidence for five main lineages
Authors: Pinto-Carrasco Daniel , Scheunert Agnes , Heubl Günther , Rico Enrique , Martínez-Ortegai M. Montserrat 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDespite the recent publication of several phylogenies focused on Rhinantheae, which has been expanded to include three Asian endemic genera, few studies so far have dealt with particular genera within the tribe. Here, we focus on Odontites and related genera because of the high morphological variability of the group and its unclear generic boundaries. Phylogenetic analyses were performed for nrDNA (ITS) and cpDNA (trnK region and rps16 intron) datasets, using Bayesian and Parsimony analyses. Our results cast doubt on the inclusion of Pterygiella and related genera within the Rhinantheae and support the para‐ phyly of Phtheirospermum, making it necessary to propose three new combinations to avoid it. Odontites is recircumscribed to include Bartsiella, Bornmuellerantha, and Macrosyringion, but not Odontitella. Within Odontites, five distinct lineages are identified. These are distinguishable either by morphological synapomorphies or by a combination of several character states. Most of the Odontites species are regarded as monophyletic. In the O. vernus and O. luteus complexes, some taxonomic changes are made to avoid paraphyly, which results in three new combinations.
Angiogenic conditioning of peripheral blood mononuclear cells promotes fracture healing
Authors: Mifuji K. , Ishikawa M. , Kamei N. , Tanaka R. , Arita K. , Mizuno H. , Asahara T. , Adachi N. , Ochi M. 
Published: August 2017

Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) treated with quality and quantity control culture (QQ-culture) to expand and fortify angiogenic cells on the acceleration of fracture healing. Methods Human PBMNCs were cultured for seven days with the QQ-culture method using a serum-free medium containing five specific cytokines and growth factors. The QQ-cultured PBMNCs (QQMNCs) obtained were counted and characterised by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Angiogenic and osteo-inductive potentials were evaluated using tube formation assays and co-culture with mesenchymal stem cells with osteo-inductive medium in vitro. In order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of QQMNCs, cells were transplanted into an immunodeficient rat femur nonunion model. The rats were randomised into three groups: control; PBMNCs; and QQMNCs. The fracture healing was evaluated radiographically and histologically. Results The total number of PBMNCs was decreased after QQ-culture, however, the number of CD34+ and CD206+ cells were found to have increased as assessed by flow cytometry analysis. In addition, gene expression of angiogenic factors was upregulated in QQMNCs. In the animal model, the rate of bone union was higher in the QQMNC group than in the other groups. Radiographic scores and bone volume were significantly associated with the enhancement of angiogenesis in the QQMNC group. Conclusion We have demonstrated that QQMNCs have superior potential to accelerate fracture healing compared with PBMNCs. The QQMNCs could be a promising option for fracture nonunion. Cite this article: K. Mifuji, M. Ishikawa, N. Kamei, R. Tanaka, K. Arita, H. Mizuno, T. Asahara, N. Adachi, M. Ochi. Angiogenic conditioning of peripheral blood mononuclear cells promotes fracture healing. Bone Joint Res 2017;6: 489–498. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.68.BJR-2016-0338.R1.
An examination of the potential links between ICT technology transfer and sustainable development
Authors: Mulamula George , Amadi-Echendu Joe 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
It is widely recognized that information and communication technologies (ICTs) play a role in the sustainable development (SD) of a nation. Some argue that these technologies are a prerequisite for least developing countries (LDCs), and implicit assumptions are often made regarding the transfer of ICTs and SD. Based on a proposition that technology transfer positively influences SD, this article examines the relationship between technology transfer and SD, and provides information for policy improvement in two case studies of developing countries.
Emerging sectors and entrepreneurial players: The case for Internet of Things technologies
Authors: Feola Rosangela , Parente Roberto , Rassega Valter 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Academic debate on the role of new and established firms in the development of new technologies and sectors has a very long track record. In line with Schumpeter, the dominant paradigm is that new entrepreneurial ventures will act as vehicles for introducing new technology and in the long run will replace incumbent firms that have grown thanks to mature technologies. More recent studies show, however, that in some cases there is a positive but specific role for both new and established companies with a leading role played, in the perspective of the Open innovation philosophy, by networking initiatives between technology start-ups and established firms. Our research is explorative in nature and focuses on the dynamics of interaction and co-evolution among entrepreneurial players (incumbents and newcomers) in the emerging context of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Furthermore, it illustrates for the first time the diverse but positive roles played by start-up and incumbent firms in the emerging sector of IoT.