bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol primes the effects of physical activity in old mice
Authors: Rodríguez-Bies Elizabeth , Tung Bui Thanh , Navas Plácido , López-Lluch Guillermo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDecrease in muscle mass and performance with ageing is one of the main factors of frailty in the elderly. Maintenance of muscle performance by involving in physical activities is essential to increase independence and quality of life among elderly. The use of natural compounds with ergogenic activity in old people would increase the effect of moderate exercises in the maintenance of physiological muscle capacity. Resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenol found in walnuts, berries and grapes, shows this ergogenic activity. By using young, mature and old mice as models, we have found that RSV improves muscle performance in mature and old animals but not in young animals. Without showing significant effect by itself, RSV primed the effect of exercise by increasing endurance, coordination and strength in old animals. This effect was accompanied by a higher protection against oxidative damage and an increase in mitochondrial mass. RSV increased catalase and superoxide dismutase protein levels in muscle and primed exercise to reverse the decrease in their activities during ageing. Furthermore, RSV increased the level of mitochondrial mass markers such as cytochrome C, mitochondrial transcription factor A and nuclear respiratory factor-1 in muscle in exercised animals. Our results indicate that RSV can be considered an ergogenic compound that helps maintain muscle performance during ageing and subsequently reduces frailty and increases muscle performance in old individuals practising moderate exercise.
Valuation of Return of Pension Fund Contributions on Death.
Authors: Fowler R. W. A. 
Published: August 2016

The values of the returns of past and future contributions on death before retirement, such contributions being accumulated to the date of death at ratej, are given respectively by(TPC)xPCFxand (AC)xFCFxwhere (TPC)x=total past contributions at agexaccumulated with (compound) interest at ratejto the valuation date,(AC)x= actual annual contributions payable at valuation agex.
Computing methods.
Authors: Sadler D. H. 
Published: August 2016

The title of this lecture was chosen over a year ago before I had formed a clear picture of its scope. It is, however, adequately descriptive of my purpose which is to develop consistent general principles, as opposed to detailed methods, which can serve as a guide to the individual computer—primarily one working alone with an ordinary calculating machine. I shall endeavour to illustrate the principles by actual examples, but it will be outside my present compass to concentrate upon those methods which rely upon brilliance of technique rather than on soundness of principle.It is clearly desirable to say precisely what ‘computation’ embraces, and I therefore put forward the following definitions of ‘calculation’ and ‘computation’—in each case it being understood that the word is prefixed by ‘numerical’:Calculationis the application of the four rules of arithmetic to the numerical evaluation of an algebraic expression.
Some notes on probability.
Authors: Bizley M. T. L. 
Published: August 2016

‘Scientific method is systematic doubt.’Dr Stuart ChaseWe may approach our subject by considering how we are to define probability. This at once raises a number of questions which may be classified under a few broad headings in the following way. First, is the definition to be subjective? By a subjective definition we shall mean in this paper one that admits the possibility that two persons in the same state of relevant knowledge may reasonably hold different views as to the probability of a given event. Secondly, is probability to be only a theoretical concept, or must our definition be such that a probability can be determined by practical experiments and applied to practical problems? Thirdly, are we to embrace all types of event or only a restricted class, e.g. those that occur or can be imagined to occur on a large number of occasions? Fourthly, shall we define probability as a number or are we to admit the existence of a non-numerical probability? And if we stipulate that it is a number, must it be a rational one?
Alterations of policies
Authors: Whitehead D. 
Published: August 2016

This paper is an attempt to give an account of the various considerations which must be borne in mind in fixing the terms which can be quoted for the alteration of a policy. It is divided into various sections as follows:A. The formulae which are theoretically suitable.B. The modifications which can be made to the formulae for use in practice.C. The points to be considered in choosing the actual basis used.D. The various types of policies and of alterations not dealt with in the preceding sections.E. Points of procedure and the method of dealing with altered policies for valuation, etc.Only ordinary life business will be considered: Industrial Assurance is outside the scope of the paper.For the purpose of sections A and B only non-profit policies are considered, and the formulae apply to an alteration from a whole of life policy to an endowment policy. With suitable changes they can be used for other alterations.
The French Economy in 1700–1701: An Appraisal by the Deputies of Trade
Authors: Scoville Warren C. 
Published: August 2016

Louis XIV created the Council of Trade on June 29, 1700, to advise the controller general and the secretary of the marine on economic matters. The Council was to examine… all propositions and memoranda sent it, together with such matters and difficulties which may there arise concerning external and internal trade by land and by sea, as well as factories and manufactories, in order that His Majesty may take appropriate action on the reports which the said Council of Trade will make to him of its deliberations.
Balloon dilation for eustachian tube dysfunction: systematic review
Authors: Hwang S Y , Kok S , Walton J 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground:Eustachian tube dysfunction is a disorder for which there are limited medical and surgical treatments. Recently, eustachian tube balloon dilation has been proposed as a potential solution.Method:A systematic literature review was performed. Abstracts were selected for relevance, and pooled data analysis and qualitative analysis was conducted.Results:Nine prospective studies, describing 713 eustachian tube balloon dilations in 474 patients (aged 18–86 years), were identified. Follow-up duration ranged from 1.5 to 18 months. Ability to perform a Valsalva manoeuvre improved from 20 to 177 out of 245 ears following eustachian tube balloon dilation and, where data were reported in terms of patient numbers, from 15 to 189 out of 210 patients. Tympanograms were classified as type A in 7 out of 141 ears pre-operatively and in 86 out of 141 ears post-operatively.Conclusion:Prospective case series can confirm the safety of eustachian tube balloon dilation. As a potential solution for chronic eustachian tube dysfunction, further investigations are warranted to establish a higher level of evidence of efficacy.
Synchronous or metachronous lymphoma and metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region: a diagnostic and management dilemma
Authors: Kader I , Leavers B , Shashinder S , Wylie B , Chi K-K , Sundaresan P 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjective:To review our experience of managing patients with a dual diagnosis of metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region and low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The secondary aim was to evaluate the utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography during diagnosis.Methods:Patients diagnosed with metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma, in a five-year period, were identified. Patient, tumour and treatment characteristics were identified. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging was reviewed and correlated with histopathology findings.Results:Eight patients were identified. There was a delay in diagnosis of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in two patients. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography differentiated metastatic squamous cell carcinoma from low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a sensitivity of 88.2 per cent and a specificity of 94.7 per cent. In 38 per cent of patients, compromises in management had to be made.Conclusion:The management of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma can be challenging in patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography can be useful in the diagnosis of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Archaeology in Greece, 1925–26
Authors: Woodward A. M. 
Published: August 2016

This article summarises all excavations in Greek lands of which particulars have reached me since the completion of my report published a year ago.American SchoolAt Corinth, Professor T. L. Shear continued his excavations at the Theatre, and at the presumed site of the Sanctuary of Athena Chalinitis. At the former, he has now cleared the entire Orchestra, with the Parodoi leading into it, and uncovered the front part of the stage and the lower rows of the cavea. The wall painted with life-sized figures of men and beasts, which was found in 1925, has now been all laid bare, and on it are preserved novel and interesting scenes in brilliant colours. In one case, a bull, richly bedecked with ribbons and fillets, has rushed on the extended spear held by a crouching gladiator, and blood is shown streaming from a wound in its throat. In another scene, which represents an acrobat making a pole-vault over the back of a charging leopard, both man and beast are depicted at the moment when they are in the air. In another, an athlete, with hands on the ground and head raised, is about to spring over the back of a huge charging lion.
Organisational Justice and Work-Family Policies
Authors: Haar Jarrod , Spell Chester S. , O'Driscoll Michael P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBased in a local government organisation in New Zealand, this paper links the literature on work-family balance to the literature on organisational justice, by examining the predictors of perceived fairness in work-family polices. The study also expands an earlier study in Grover (1991), by considering work-family policy sets, rather than single policies only. Perceptions of the fairness in work-family policies were partly predicted, positively, by a combination of management seniority, perceived benefits in work-family policies, and own usage of those policies. These findings suggest the influence of both group values and self-interest. In terms of organisational justice, the findings raise a question for future research, namely how fairness attitudes relate to the sustainability of work-family initiatives.
Making Change in Oksapmin Tradestores: A Study of Shifting Practices of Quantification Under Conditions of Rapid Shift towards a Cash Economy
Authors: Saxe Geoffrey B. , Esmonde Indigo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe report two studies about shifting practices of quantification in tradestores in Oksapmin communities (Papua New Guinea). In Study 1, we enlisted 7 local tradestore clerks to collect information about customers' language practices of quantification, age cohort, schooling level, and cost of purchase. Analyses of 305 exchanges revealed that older cohorts tended to use indigenous practices and extensions of the indigenous language. Younger cohorts – particularly those with some schooling -- tended to use practices that involved Melanesian Pidgin. In Study 2, we analyze interviews with 9 tradestore clerks who described typical purchase transactions with customers from different age cohorts/schooling levels. Analyses of interviews revealed that elders tended to structure multi-item purchases into sequential transactions and use extensions of indigenous approaches to quantification. Schooled adults tended to purchase multiple items in a single transaction and use Pidgin quantifiers. We argue that tradestores today sustain multiple practices of quantification but also support change towards the exclusive use of Melanesian Pidgin.
Materialism and life satisfaction in Australia: Is more better?
Authors: Saunders Shaun , Michael Allen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Australian Oxford Dictionary (1992) defines materialism means an “excessive concern for material possessions” which according to critics is likely to be associated with dissatisfaction (eg, Fromm, 1955; Cushman, 1990, Harman, 1996). Despite this, materialism has often been referred to as a predominant American value (eg, Funkhouser, 1989) and also an Australian one (Hawkins, Neal, Quester & Best, 1994). The present study aims to assess the relationship between Materialism and Life Satisfaction amongst Australians.
Development of community based Alcohol and Other Drug (AOD) workers in remote Indigenous communities in the Northern Territory
Authors: Atkinson Carol , Jessen Janice 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to document community development initiatives undertaken to address substance misuse issues in remote Indigenous communities in the Northern Territory (NT). This paper is describing work in progress that primarily focuses on the early stage of an evolving community development process to provide alcohol and drug services, particularly in the “treatment” domain, in remote NT communities. Treatment in this context refers to counselling and various support and caring activities, which can take place in a variety of settings, such as a residential facility, a health clinic, a women's or community drop-in centre. The context is community development as the paper explores options to address a community defined need to have effective alcohol and other drug programs available to people living in remote communities.
Motivation and performance in teams: Transforming loafing into resonance
Authors: Glynn Tony , Carr Stuart G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEmployee responses to being placed in workplace “teams” range from free-riding (shirking, social loafing) to working harder than ever before, and feelings of identity (or in-group) with the team may play a key role in facilitating the working harder response. Fifty-two Australian future managers worked on a workplace simulation task, either (a) alone (Control), (b) among a simulated unidentified aggregate of other students (team setting, no social identity), (c) with simulated other students from the same faculty competing against the Faculty of Law (in-group, social identity condition), or (d) amid a simulated out-group of students from Law, competing against the participant's own faculty (out-group condition, pre-existing conflicting loyalty condition). As predicted, compared to (a) working alone, aggregation (b) resulted in free-riding, which was reversed by merely invoking (c) a social (faculty) identity, but then reappeared under (d) an out-group condition. Tentative though the current data may be, “flip-over” effects like these may depend on a worker's pluralistic mix of individualistic and collectivistic repertoires. To the extent that such pluralism is found throughout Australia and elsewhere in the South Pacific (Taylor & S. Yavalanavanua, 1997), our findings may apply to ‘thinking through’ workplace team development elsewhere in the region.
Perceptions and Consequences of Social Change Among Elderly Japanese-American Workers in a Hawaii Plantation Community: A Case Example of Industrial Withdrawal
Authors: Kameoka Velma A. , Marsella Anthony J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions and consequences associated with the closing of a sugar plantation company for a group of Japanese American plantation workers who were born and raised on the plantation. These workers were the children of Japanese immigrants who had come to Hawaii at the turn of century to plant and harvest sugar. The participants were thirty nisei (second generation) Japanese-American male residents of a rural plantation community in Hawaii. Using the techniques of participant observation, interviewing, and record research, the study explored the worker's (1) perceptions of change, (2) evaluations of perceived change, (3) stresses resulting from change, (4) coping strategies, and (5) future expectations. These subjective dimensions of change were examined across eight major areas of community life (i.e., employment, housing, community relations, community services, family life, education, physical environment, and crime). The data were analyzed to determine perceptions, evaluations, and stresses resulting from community change and to identify strategies used to cope with community change. The impact of change on resident attitudes and lifestyle patterns are discussed and summarized under three major themes: (1) communal versus individualistic lifestyles, (2) association versus dissociation of employment and the community, and (3) continuity versus discontinuity of life in the plantation.Personal comments of workers are presented to demonstrate the utility and significance of the present research approach in assessing individual experiences in response to social changes. An understanding of the impact of change on resident attitudes, beliefs, and lifestyle patterns provides the basis for devising change programs that are sensitive to the social and psychological needs of individuals affected by the changes.
The Internet and indigenous language use: A Filipino case study
Authors: Watters Maya F. , Watters Paul A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe Internet is a potentially non-coercive technology which has the capacity to facilitate the development and dissemination of locally-relevant and culturally-appropriate discourse. Many countries, especially those in Europe, have moved to utilise the Internet as a resource for expressing and revitalising their autochthonous languages, in response to cultural pressures from globalisation. However, there has been little evaluation of whether the Internet might give rise to a renaissance of indigenous language use in the postcolonial Asia-Pacific region. In this paper, we examine the case of the Philippines, which this year celebrates a centenary of independence from Spain, to determine whether introduction of the Internet has in fact enhanced the provision of indigenous language information services. We sampled 1% of the Internet sites listed in a popular search engine, in each second-level domain (educational, commercial, government and non-government organisations), and found very little evidence of indigenous language use in any of the sites in these categories. This suggests that the Internet has not yet realised its potential as a medium for indigenous language use in the Philippines, but that greater awareness of its capabilities in this arena might change the situation in the future.
The use of a rapid priming technique I: Adult language processing
Authors: Davis Chris , Castles Anne 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the background and use of the masked priming procedure in adult psycholinguistic research. Using this technique, we address the issue of how precise the letter and word processing systems of adults is for rapidly displayed stimuli. Data is reviewed that suggests that, for skilled readers, the letter and word recognition system is sensitively tuned to the discrimination demands imposed on it by the properties of the written language. That is, the recognition system is able to be discriminative where precision is required, but is also able to consider and use incomplete information when this is predictive.
Aborigines and Their Central Schools: Part II - The Teachers’ Perceptions
Authors: Hill Bob 
Published: August 2016

Part I of this article outlined the findings of a 1987 study of attitudes of Aboriginal students in 19 New South Wales Central Schools. It showed that, despite higher attrition rates, Aboriginal children seemed to be as favourably disposed towards
their schools as were their non-Aboriginal peers.Part II, drawing from the same Central Schools study, compares the perceptions of teachers in these Central Schools according to whether the schools were ‘predominantly Aboriginal’, ‘significantly Aboriginal’ or ‘non-Aboriginal’.
Systemic Bias in Education
Authors: Eckermann A.K. 
Published: August 2016

Since the early 1970s there have been many positive developments in the education of Aboriginal Australian children as well as education about Aboriginal society, past and present, for all children. We only have to look at such developments as Aboriginal Secondary Grants, Study Grants, home-school liaison, language programs, (e.g. Van Leer or the bilingual programs), family support/counselling (e.g. the Inala Family Project), Aboriginal Education Consultative groups at local, regional, state and national levels. The list of positive developments appears to be endless. Certainly teachers, schools and State Departments of Education have consulted with Aboriginal groups to develop policy statements about Aboriginal Education/Aboriginal Studies in schools. Money has been spent on employing (and sometimes training) Aboriginal teaching assistants; Aboriginal schools have received some support and in areas such as the Northern Territory and Northern Queensland, efforts are underway to decentralise education.In a very real sense giant steps appear to have been made in Aboriginal education over the past ten years or so. If we are really honest, however, the results of these giant steps remain comparatively disappointing. Thus, although we know that Aboriginal children stay at schools for longer now than they did during the 1960s, the proportion who actually complete senior high school at a satisfactory level is small. For example, in the North West Region of New South Wales, only 11 Aboriginal students were enrolled in Year 12 at the beginning of 1981. See Table 1 for further information.In that same year, 224 Aboriginal students entered high school throughout the region. If the 1981 patterns of enrolment for Year 12 persist, then only 5% of the 224 children who started high school will actually complete the program. These figures are not encouraging, particularly as non-Aboriginal students’ enrolment patterns indicate that 29% of those who begin high school actually make it to Year 12.
Special Needs of Aboriginals in the Teaching of Reading
Authors: McEvoy Kathy 
Published: August 2016

Success in teaching reading does not depend simply on materials and schemes. Locked into our own cultural norms as we are, we may overlook other fundamental influences.
The reason why some children take longer to talk to you is because they want to know you properly before they start talking. I know white people talk a lot to each other before they know each other properly.(Ungunmerr 1976, p.4)
Resource People in the Classroom
Authors: Shelley R. 
Published: August 2016

Some members of the Central Queensland Aboriginal Corporation for Cultural Activities recently attended an in-service seminar. The focus of the seminar was on the teaching of Aboriginal students. The group identified a number of concerns relating to the participation of resource people in the classroom. These matters are given wider circulation in the interests of making more effective use of the valuable expertise which is available in the Aboriginal community.Perhaps the key concept amongst the list of concerns is that of empathy with the Aboriginal visitors to the classroom. A clear understanding of the skills, life experience and the guest speakers preferred means of relating to children will help to ensure a productive and satisfying outcome both for the speaker and the students.