bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
California Small Plot Citrus Thrips Trials, 1994
Authors: Khan Inamullah , Morse J. G. , Urena A. A. , Reagan C. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated in 2 fields at the University of California’s Lindcove Field Station near Exeter, California for control of citrus thrips (Field 12, 24 yr old ‘Atwood’ navel oranges; Field 14, 22 yr old Old Line navels). Pesticides were applied with a Bean hand-sprayer at 500 psi, outside coverage, approximately 200 gpa. Field 12 was divided into 4 replicate blocks of 52 trees and 12 treatments were applied with one replicate of each treatment assigned randomly to each block except a second replicate was assigned randomly to the control in 3 of the 4 blocks and the Admire treatment was excluded from one block. Each replicate was 4 contiguous trees. Field 14 was designed similarly with 4 blocks and 33 treatments with one 4-tree replicate assigned randomly to each treatment in each block. Citrus thrips infestation due to first and second instars was monitored in some of the treatments in Field 14 twice a wk for 6 wks after petal fall by examining 5 fruit randomly from each data tree (50 fruit per plot, 100 fruit per treatment in each field). Citrus thrips fruit scarring evaluations were taken in Oct, 1994 on all fruit on the exterior of data trees from knee to eye level. Typical scarring levels on outside fruit as sampled in this study are approximately twice as high as percent scarring of fruit sampled from the entire tree (inside fruit are less severely scarred). Scarring was rated as: (a) none, (b) slight (any citrus thrips scarring), or (c) severe (complete ring scar or extensive surface scarring at a level that would cause downgrading of fruit in a commercial operation). Economic scarring levels in a normal yr are about 5% severe scars. Ctirus cutworm and fruit tree leafroller levels were high in this block just prior to and after petal fall resulting in high levels of fruit drop. After assessing citrus thrips fruit scarring levels in Oct, any trees with less than 30 outside assessed fruit were excluded from the analysis (a total of 13 trees were excluded, 1—3 trees from each of 9 treatments).
Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1995
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was a RCB design replicated five times and was conducted at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1994. It was planted 17 May. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots were sown to oats on 20 Jun. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole ‘Katahdin’ seed (ca. 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilizer and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by seven foliar applications of mancozeb. Furrow applications of insecticides were made with a tractor mounted applicator or sprinkle can. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 5.6 kg/cm2 (80 psi) pressure and 0.47 kl/ha (50 gpa). Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on a top, a middle, and a bottom leaf on 20 plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, aphid counts were made prior to applications of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the data using log10(x+l). Transformed means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using Fisher’s LSD Test and then applied to the actual means. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 3.3, 5.8, 3.8 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 18.8, 22.0 and 18.0 deg. C.
Use of Cyromazine (Trigard 75W) in a Foliar Spray Program to Control Insects In Potatoes, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 17 March at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 4 rows 25ft long, planted on a 3ft row spacing. Plots were separated by 6ft of bare ground. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a RCB design. The Admire 2F treatment was applied in furrow prior to planting with a single nozzle boom backpack sprayer. On 4 May, the Trigard plots were sprayed with Pounce 3.2EC (4oz product/acre) + PBO (8oz product/acre) to control emerging CPB adults. Peak CPB egg hatch occurred on 12 May and the first Trigard sprays were applied. The second Trigard sprays were applied on 22 May. Dimethoate 4EC (8oz product/acre) was added to the Trigard treatments on this date to control potato leafhoppers. On 2 June, the entire test except for the check was sprayed with Monitor 4EC (lqt product/acre) to control European corn borer and again on 15 June with Asana XL (9.6oz product/acre) + PBO (16oz product/acre) for first generation CPB adults. Foliar sprays were applied with a three hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of all CPB life stages present on 10 randomly chosen stems/plot and defoliation ratings on the dates indicated in the table. On 28 June, the center two rows of each plot were harvested and graded to determine yields.
Comparison of Two Adios Formulations and Sevin for Striped Cucumber Beetle Control in Cucurbits, 1995
Authors: Burkness E. C. , Hutchison W. D. , O’Rourke P. K. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted in a commercially grown field of pumpkin managed by Owatonna Canning Co., Dodge County, Minnesota. The cultivar ‘Buckskin’ was planted 25 May. Plots consisted of 3 or 6, 25 ft (7.62 m) rows on 5 ft (1.52 m) centers. Plant spacing was 18 inches (0.46 m). Treatments were arranged in a RCB with 4 replications. All 3 and 6 row plots were treated and counts were taken from the 1 or 2 middle rows, respectively. Treatments were applied once (19 Jun) with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer fitted with a DG-Teejet 8002 flat fan nozzle, and no screen. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 25 gpa (233.8 liter/ha) at 35 psi (242 kPa). Adios, a cucurbitacin bait treatment, contained 13% carbaryl. Two formulations of Adios, micro-encapsulated (B) and ribbon extruded (P), were applied. Percentage of plants infested and insect counts were measured 20 Jun (1 DAT), 22 Jun (3 DAT), and 26 Jun (7 DAT). SCB was the dominant insect pest present in the plots on all sample dates.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1995
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Alexander Sandra D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides against PLH. The experiments were conducted at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA, on the second and third alfalfa crops. Plots of 40 X 40 ft were arranged in a RCBD with an untreated check in each of 4 replications. Potato leafhopper densities were estimated on 19 Jun (Experiment I) from 20 pendulum sweeps of a 15 inch diam insect beating net taken randomly across each plot. All insecticide treatments were applied as foliar sprays on 20 Jun. Alfalfa height at application was 4–6 inches. Leafhopper densities were sampled on 23, 29 Jun and 5, 11, and 18 Jul (3, 9, 15, 21, and 28 DAT). Densities reported represent combined adult and nymphs collected per 20 sweeps. Insecticides were applied in 25 gal of water per acre at 25 psi with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with a 20 ft boom containing 80° fiat fan nozzles and 50 mesh screens. Alfalfa yield was determined on 19 Jul from a 60 ft2 swath taken from each plot with a Carter Forage Harvester (Carter Mfg. Co. Inc., Brookston, IN). Insecticide treatments in Experiment II were similarly applied on 31 Jul. Potato leafhopper density was determined from sweep samples on that same date before the foliar sprays were applied. Thereafter, leafhopper densities were determined from sweep samples on 3, 8, 15, 21, 28 Aug (3, 8, 15, 21, and 28 DAT). Alfalfa yield was determined on 29 Aug as in Experiment I.
Black Cutworm Control in Conventional Tillage Corn, 1995
Authors: Bessin R. T. , Townsend L. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sixteen insecticide treatments applied in conventional corn at planting were evaluated for control of black cutworm larvae. The test plot was planted in a continuous corn field on the UK Spindletop Research Farm in Fayette Co., KY, on 15 May as a RCB with 4 replicates. Individual sub-plots consisted of 2 rows of corn, 6 m long, with 96.5 cm row spacing. Bicep 6WDL was applied on 15 May for weed control at 2.4 qt/acre. Ten-inch aluminum barriers were buried 4 to 5 inches into the soil around a 2m2 section in the middle of each plot enclosing a portion of both rows of corn. On 25 May, 16 third instar black cutworms, obtained from the USDA-ARS Corn Insect Research Unit, Ankeny, IA, were released inside each of the barriers. Stand counts and numbers of cut plants were recorded on 26, 29 May, and 1, 5, 8, 12, and 16 Jun. A plant was considered cut if at any time it was cut off by cutworms, regrowth was disregarded. Number of killed/missing plants was recorded on 16 Jun. Data were transformed by acrsin-squareroot + 0.1 then subject to ANOVA and treatment means compared to the control by Dunnett’s mean comparison procedure (SAS Institute).
Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1995
Authors: Oleson J. D. , McNutt J. J. , Pruisner R. D. , Rose R. I. , Tollefson J. J. , Wang X. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Rootworm, soil-insecticide test plots were established at 3 IA locations in 1995. Soil types were: Ames, silty clay loam; Nashua, loam; and Sutherland, silty clay. Plots were planted 16, 2 and 12 May, respectively, on areas that had been planted to trap crop (late-planted corn, high plant population) the previous year. The Sutherland location was planted no-till. Insecticide treatments were tested in 1 or more of 3 different tests; (1) “experimental tests”–registered and numbered insecticides applied at planting time, (2) “yield tests”–only registered and EUP insecticides applied at planting time, (3) “cultivation tests”–registered and numbered insecticides applied at planting and/or cultivation time. A RCBD with 4 replications for the experimental and cultivation tests was used. Yield tests had 6 replications at Ames and 7 replications at Sutherland. All treatments were applied to single 50-ft length rows with 30-inch row spacing. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a 4-row John Deere 7100 planter. Planting-time liquid formulations were applied with a compressed-air delivery system built directly into the planter; 8003E nozzles delivered 13 gpa at 22 psi. Liquid cultivation-time insecticides were applied with a small-plot bicycle sprayer. Two, 8002E nozzles, 1 on each side of the corn row, were positioned to deliver a 7-inch wide band around the base of the plants (7-inch basal); 13 gpa at 25 psi. Broadcast applications of Furadan 4F were applied to single rows. A boom containing three 8002SV nozzles (19-inch centers) delivered 13 gpa at 30 psi. One untreated buffer row was left on each side of a “broadcasted” row. Granular cultivation-time insecticide applications were made with electrically driven Noble units mounted on the tool bar of a 2-row, rear-mounted cultivator. Tygon tubes, positioned directly in front of the cultivator sweeps, directed the insecticide granules to both sides of the corn row for basal treatments. Chemical phytotoxicity was checked in early Jun by taking stand counts from 1/1000 acre and measuring extended leaf heights on 5 consecutive plants (experimental tests only). Rootworm larval feeding was evaluated in Jul by digging 3 roots from each treatment row and rating them on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1 equal to no damage or only a few minor feeding scars, and a 6 rating equal to 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Lodging counts were taken at harvest time. A plant was considered lodged if the angle between the base of the plant and the ground was 45° or less. Stand counts were taken in the yield plots at harvest time. Yields were measured by hand harvesting 1/1000 acre from each treatment. To determine treatment differences, data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated with Ryan’s Q test (REGWQ).
Control of European Corn Borer in Whorl Stage Corn, 1995
Authors: Witkowski John , Echtenkamp Jerry 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental design was RCB with 22 insecticide-treatments and an untreated check replicated 4 times. Single row plots were 50 ft in length and at 30 inch spacings. Corn was no-till planted into soybean residue on 16 May. Granular insecticides were Applied in a 7-inch band with cone belt distributors mounted on a Hahn Hi-Boy. Liquid insecticides were applied with a back-pack sprayer in 20 gpa at 30 psi on 12 Jul. Five d prior to insecticide application 6 black headed ECB egg masses were placed on 10 marked plants/replicate for later evaluation. On 3 Aug, the marked plants in each replicate were dissected from tassel to ground, examined and the number of corn borer cavities recorded.
Evaluation of Three Classes of Insecticides Against Bollworms and Budworms Following Poor Control in Southern North Carolina, 1995
Authors: Bacheler Jack , Mott Dan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The test was conducted in Jones County, NC, in a cotton field which had shown moderate survival of a mixed population of BW and TBW following 2 applications of the pyrethroid Karate at 0.025 lb (AI)/acre via aerial application on 20 and 29 Jun. The field had been planted 2 May on 38-inch rows, and recommended fertility and weed management practices had been followed. Moisture conditions were excellent at planting, though very dry during Jul and Aug. A residual population of 8 to 10% BW and TBW had survived the second grower treatment. Plots within a representative portion of the field, measuring 6 rows X 50 ft, were laid out with plastic tape and arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. The single treatment was made on 4 Aug with a CO2-pressurized back pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gpa at 50 psi with a single TX-8 nozzle per row. On 10 Aug, 25 squares and bolls from each plot (100 of each total) were examined for damage and live bollworms and budworms. Species were not separated. All data were analyzed via ANOVA and DMRT.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides for Control of Boll Weevil, 1995
Authors: Klein C. D. , Johnson D. R. , Meyers H. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 17 May at the James Ray farm in Lonoke County. Insecticides were applied on 11, 19, 22, 26, and 29 Aug with a John Deere 6000 hi-cycle equipped with a CO2 sprayer. Total volume was 7.2 gpa at 25 psi using Teejet TX-6 hollowcone nozzles on 19 inch spacing. Plots consisted of 12 rows (38 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Ratings were made 2-3 DAT by examining 25 squares/plot for boll weevil damage. The center 2 rows of each plot were harvested on 3 Nov using a John Deere 2-row picker.
Effects of Selected Foliar and In-Furrow Applied Insecticides on Thrips Injury, Plant Stand and Yield of Virginia Peanut, 1995
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides, applied as in-furrow or foliar treatments, was evaluated against TT injury and for effects on plant stand and yield of Virginia-type peanut. ‘VA-C 92R’ peanuts were planted 4 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA., using 36-inch row spacing. Granular insecticides were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at planting with tractor-mounted jars calibrated to deliver exact amounts through lid holes via gravity; liquids with a CO2 pressurized tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 5 gpa at 24 psi through one SS8001E flat fan nozzle per row mounted just above planter disks and turned parallel to the row direction. Foliar sprays were applied in a 12- to 14-inch band over the row with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17 gpa at 22 psi through one 8003E nozzle per row. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Treatments were evaluated by determining plant injury based on a 0 to 10 scale where 0 = no thrips induced plant injury, 1 = 10% injured leaves, 2 = 20% injured leaves, 3 = 30% injured leaves, 4 = 40% injured leaves, 5 = ≥50% injured leaves + ≤5% terminal buds injured, 6 = ≥50% injured leaves + 25% terminal buds injured, 7 = ≥50% injured leaves + 50% terminal buds injured, 8 = ≥50% injured leaves + 75% terminal buds injured, 9 = ≥50% injured leaves + ≥90% terminal buds injured, and 10 = dead plants. Injury data for 25 May was recorded before foliar band treatments had been applied. Plant stand was determined by counting the plants in the 2 center rows of each plot. Yield was determined from digging, drying and combining peanuts from the 2 center rows of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Effect of Selected Insecticide/Acaricides on Twospotted Spider Mite in Virginia Peanut, 1995
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Selected insecticide/acaricides were evaluated for efficacy against TSSM in cv. ‘NC 7’ Virginia-type peanut in Isle of Wight County, VA. Peanuts were planted on 4 May using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied on 28 Jul. The Comite + 5 d treatment was applied again on 5 Aug. Karate, at the 0.025 and 0.04 lb (AI)/acre rates, Capture C, and Danitol were applied again on 9 Aug. All were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gpa at 50 psi through three D2-13 disc-core hollow cone spray nozzles per row, 1 over the top and 1 on each side. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 15 ft. Treatments were evaluated on 28, 31 Jul and on 3, 7, 11, 16, 22 and 29 Aug by comparing the number of live mites in a 1.5 cm diam area on 2 randomly selected leaflets per plot. Mite counts were made in the field using 10x magnification lenses. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures. Cumulative mite-days (CMD) were calculated for each treatment over the entire test period using Σ(Xi+1 – Xi)[(Yi + Yi+1)/2], where Xi and Xi+1 are adjacent sample dates and Yi and Yi+1 are corresponding points of mean mite number per leaflet.
Control of Hornworms and Budworms and the Impact on Tobacco Aphid in Georgia Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1994
Authors: Taylor J. Delano , Crowe Bert D. , McPherson Robert M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco, CV ‘K-326’, was transplanted on 22 Mar, 1994 at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA. Production practices were used according to Georgia Cooperative Extension Service guidelines. A pre-plant incorporated tank mix of the following was applied: Tillam and Devrinol for weed control, Ridomil for blue mold control, Nemacur for nematode suppression, and Lorsban for wireworm and mole crickei control. Fertilizer (6-6-18) was applied in a split application at a rate of 1000 lb/acre. Plots, 4 rows wide (44 inch row spacing) X 50 ft, were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. In early Jun, all plants in each plot were cut down to an eighteen inch mainstem and all leaves were removed. All cui plants were then allowed to regrow with 2-3 main suckers. On 14 Jun, additional nitrogen (16-0-0) was applied at a rate of 100 lb/acre. On 28 Jun. nine insecticide treatments (plus an untreated control) were applied to the first 3 rows of selected plots using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with 3 TX-12 nozzles directed over a single row, delivering 23.2 gpa at 40 psi. The number of live homworms and budworms was recorded per 20 plants from the center row of each plot prior to application, and 3, 7, 14, and 21 DAT. Aphid populations also were recorded on plants 2, 4, and 6 of the center row on each sampling date. On 26 Jul, plants 2-9 on the center row were visually examined for both hornworm and budworm defoliation. All data were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range tests.
Green June Beetle Control in a Bermudagrass Pasture, 1995
Authors: Flanders K. L. , Graves N. G. , Cox G. , DeLamar Z. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on a poultry farm in Snead, AL Test was a RCB design (four replications), with two blocks in each of two adjacent bermudagrass paddocks. Bermudagrass was 4-6 inches tall a treatment. The paddocks were on sandy loam soil, and had a history of being fertilized with poultry manure. Insecticide treated plots were 60 ft by 30( ft, untreated plots were 30 ft by 300 ft. Insecticides were applied 15 Sep with a tractor drawn sprayer in 25 gpa (40 psi, flat fan nozzles). Plots wen evaluated 20 Sep by excavating five, 0.4 ft2 samples located randomly along the center line of each plot. Samples were dug to a depth of 8 inches Number of live green June beetle grubs was counted per sample. Number of dead grubs on the surface in each of five, randomly located 4 ft2 quadrat-was counted on each treated plot on 16 Sep. Fresh tunnelling injury was rated on a 0-9 scale, using a 4ft2 sampling frame divided into nine sections Tunnelling in any given section was given a rating of 1, and summed over all sections. Five random estimates of tunnelling injury were made per plo on 20 Sep. Counts and ratings were averaged for each plot before data analysis.
Evaluation of Rh0345 and Turcam 76Wp for Management of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Rough in Carbon County, Pennsylvania, 1995
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (20%). Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with four 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 1021 ml of water/54 ft2 or delivering 5 gal water/1,000 ft2. Granular treatments were applied with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (10 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 83°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 88°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 80°F; RH, 60%; amount of thatch, 0.375-0.5 inches; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 67.0% sand, 28.6% silt, 4.5% clay; organic matter, 22.0%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 67.1; water pH, 7; soil pH, 6.4; application time, mid-afternoon; and overcast skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.175 inch of water and 0.1 inch irrigation 14 hr after treatment. Posttreatment counts were completed on 2 Oct. Three ft2 sod samples were taken from each replicate, and the total number of viable Japanese beetle grubs/ft2 was recorded.
Twospotted Spider Mite Efficacy on Marigold, 1995
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
On 14 Jul, eighty-four, 6-inch-tall marigolds were planted in 6 inch pots from bedding flats at the Pesticide Research Center, Michigan State University. On this day the plants were infested with twospotted spider mites raised on bean plants in the laboratory, by placing 3 infested leaves on each test plant. Precounts were made on 19 Jul by collecting 3 leaves from each plant (1 each from the top, middle and bottom) and counting the number of mites on the underside of each leaf with a dissecting microscope. The plants were then blocked by the precounts. All fourteen treatments were sprayed on 20 Jul with an R&D CO2 sprayer with an 8008 flat fan nozzle at 50 psi to runoff. Each treatment was replicated 6 times with each replicate being an individual plant. Postcounts were made on 25 Jul, 2, 9 and 16 Aug in the same manner as the precounts.