bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cicero and the Italians: Expansion of Empire, Creation of Law
Authors: Roselaar Saskia T. 
Published: January 2018

After 70 BC, Italians were legally equal to old Roman citizens, in that they could avail themselves of the ius civile. Nevertheless, there are indications in Cicero’s work that not all Italians were considered equal by the Romans who sat in judgement on cases involving an Italian. Cicero often had to fight against Roman prejudice against Italians and other allies, arguing that they possessed the same moral qualities as Romans and should therefore be treated equally under the law.
As the Roman state continued to expand, the inhabitants of the provinces adopted the place that the Italian allies had taken in the hierarchy of peoples. The Romans were not ready to give the provincials citizenship, but created two mechanisms to defend the provincials: treaties and the lex repetundarum.
Korea Microlensing Telescope Network Microlensing Events from 2015: Event-finding Algorithm, Vetting, and Photometry
Authors: Kim D.-J. , Kim H.-W. , Hwang K.-H. , Albrow M. D. , Chung S.-J. , Gould A. , Han C. , Jung Y. K. , Ryu Y.-H. , Shin I.-G. , Yee J. C. , Zhu W. , Cha S.-M. , Kim S.-L. , Lee C.-U. , Lee D.-J. , Lee Y. , Park B.-G. , Pogge R. W. ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration)
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present microlensing events in the 2015 Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) data and our procedure for identifying these events. In particular, candidates were detected with a novel “completed-event” microlensing event-finder algorithm. The algorithm works by making linear fits to a

grid of point-lens microlensing models. This approach is rendered computationally efficient by restricting u
0 to just two values (0 and 1), which we show is quite adequate. The implementation presented here is specifically tailored to the commission-year character of the 2015 data, but the algorithm is quite general and has already been applied to a completely different (non-KMTNet) data set. We outline expected improvements for 2016 and future KMTNet data. The light curves of the 660 “clear microlensing” and 182 “possible microlensing” events that were found in 2015 are presented along with our policy for their public release.
Observational Signatures of Mass-loading in Jets Launched by Rotating Black Holes
Authors: Riordan Michael O’ , Pe’er Asaf , McKinney Jonathan C. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
It is widely believed that relativistic jets in X-ray binaries (XRBs) and active-galactic nuclei are powered by the rotational energy of black holes. This idea is supported by general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of accreting black holes, which demonstrate efficient energy extraction via the Blandford–Znajek mechanism. However, due to uncertainties in the physics of mass loading, and the failure of GRMHD numerical schemes in the highly magnetized funnel region, the matter content of the jet remains poorly constrained. We investigate the observational signatures of mass loading in the funnel by performing general-relativistic radiative transfer calculations on a range of 3D GRMHD simulations of accreting black holes. We find significant observational differences between cases in which the funnel is empty and cases where the funnel is filled with plasma, particularly in the optical and X-ray bands. In the context of Sgr A*, current spectral data constrains the jet filling only if the black hole is rapidly rotating with a ≳ 0.9. In this case, the limits on the infrared flux disfavor a strong contribution from material in the funnel. We comment on the implications of our models for interpreting future Event Horizon Telescope observations. We also scale our models to stellar-mass black holes, and discuss their applicability to the low-luminosity state in XRBs.
Dynamics of SiO Masers around VX Sgr
Authors: Su J. B. , Shen Z.-Q. , Chen X. , Jiang D. R. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We performed Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of SiO masers (

) toward VX Sgr from 2006 July to 2008 August. With the application of a phase reference technique, the accurate relative positions of maser spots at the two transitions can be acquired. The relative positions enable us to obtain more matched masers in the same coordinate frame to better study the dynamics of the maser shell. We adopt two different methods to investigate the global motions of the maser shell, which is found to expand in a decelerated manner. At the beginning of this process, the decelerative force can be interpreted as a force dominated by the gravitational attraction of the star. However, in the later epochs, the deceleration has a smaller magnitude, suggesting that an outward force is combating the stellar gravity. In addition, we construct a model of a rotating and expanding maser shell. The consistency of the model and observations at the first two epochs suggests approximate Keplerian rotation of the shell with a period of 46.9 years. However, other explanations, such as an axisymmetric outflow, are also possible. We also find two matched maser spots with double-peak spectra moving at a velocity of 6.8 km s−1. The special spectra provide direct observational evidence that the motion of a maser spot reflects the real gas stream, rather than changes in physical conditions. Finally, the distance to VX Sgr is calculated to be 1.10 ± 0.11 kpc using a statistical parallax method. This value is within the range reported in the literature.
Reconnection Fluxes in Eruptive and Confined Flares and Implications for Superflares on the Sun
Authors: Tschernitz Johannes , Veronig Astrid M. , Thalmann Julia K. , Hinterreiter Jürgen , Pötzi Werner 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We study the energy release process of a set of 51 flares (32 confined, 19 eruptive) ranging from
GOES
class B3 to X17. We use Hα filtergrams from Kanzelhöhe Observatory together with Solar Dynamics Observatory HMI and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory MDI magnetograms to derive magnetic reconnection fluxes and rates. The flare reconnection flux is strongly correlated with the peak of the
GOES
1–8 Å soft X-ray flux (c = 0.92, in log–log space) for both confined and eruptive flares. Confined flares of a certain
GOES
class exhibit smaller ribbon areas but larger magnetic flux densities in the flare ribbons (by a factor of 2). In the largest events, up to ≈50% of the magnetic flux of the active region (AR) causing the flare is involved in the flare magnetic reconnection. These findings allow us to extrapolate toward the largest solar flares possible. A complex solar AR hosting a magnetic flux of 2 × 1023 Mx, which is in line with the largest AR fluxes directly measured, is capable of producing an X80 flare, which corresponds to a bolometric energy of about 7 × 1032 erg. Using a magnetic flux estimate of 6 × 1023 Mx for the largest solar AR observed, we find that flares of
GOES
class ≈X500 could be produced (E
bol ≈ 3 × 1033 erg). These estimates suggest that the present day’s Sun is capable of producing flares and related space weather events that may be more than an order of magnitude stronger than have been observed to date.
A Dependence of the Tidal Disruption Event Rate on Global Stellar Surface Mass Density and Stellar Velocity Dispersion
Authors: Graur Or , French K. Decker , Zahid H. Jabran , Guillochon James , Mandel Kaisey S. , Auchettl Katie , Zabludoff Ann I. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The rate of tidal disruption events (TDEs),

, is predicted to depend on stellar conditions near the super-massive black hole (SMBH), which are on difficult-to-measure sub-parsec scales. We test whether

depends on kpc-scale global galaxy properties, which are observable. We concentrate on stellar surface mass density,

, and velocity dispersion,

, which correlate with the stellar density and velocity dispersion of the stars around the SMBH. We consider 35 TDE candidates, with and without known X-ray emission. The hosts range from star-forming to quiescent to quiescent with strong Balmer absorption lines. The last (often with post-starburst spectra) are overrepresented in our sample by a factor of

or

, depending on the strength of the Hδ absorption line. For a subsample of hosts with homogeneous measurements,

–

, higher on average than for a volume-weighted control sample of Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies with similar redshifts and stellar masses. This is because (1) most of the TDE hosts here are quiescent galaxies, which tend to have higher

than the star-forming galaxies that dominate the control, and (2) the star-forming hosts have higher average

than the star-forming control. There is also a weak suggestion that TDE hosts have lower

than for the quiescent control. Assuming that

, and applying a statistical model to the TDE hosts and control sample, we estimate

and

. This is broadly consistent with

being tied to the dynamical relaxation of stars surrounding the SMBH.
Elaboração de chips de yacon pelo processo de desidratação osmótica e secagem
Authors: Rabelo Nadja Maria , Silva Larissa Morais Ribeiro da , Canuto Kildere Marques , Vieira Janaina Maria Martins 
Published: January 2018

O yacon está sendo considerado um alimento funcional em decorrência dos estudos sobre sua função prebiótica e redução dos níveis de açúcar no sangue. O crescente aumento da busca no mercado por produtos que apresentem benefícios comprovados à saúde, além de qualidade nutricional e sensorial faz com que as pesquisas nesse setor se desenvolvam. Considerando que a vida útil do yacon é muito reduzida em condições ambientes, métodos de desidratação têm sido empregados a fim de estendê-la. Com isso, o objetivo desse estudo foi a elaboração de chips de yacon através do processo de desidratação osmótica e secagem. Foram elaboradas três formulações, sendo uma submetida apenas a secagem em estufa e as outras submetidas a desidratação osmótica com glicerol ou sucralose, ambas seguidas de secagem em estufa. As soluções para a desidratação osmótica apresentaram concentração de 20%, numa proporção de uma parte de yacon para cinco partes de solução. Foi realizada análise sensorial (escala hedônica para cor, aroma, aparência, sabor e textura) e teste de intenção de compra, que mostraram ser possível a obtenção de um produto com boas características sensoriais, apesar da diferença significativa entre as 3 formulações. De acordo com os resultados, a formulação 3 foi a que apresentou as melhores características sensoriais.
A Linguistic Analysis of Health Literacy Demands of Chronic Kidney Disease Patient Education Materials
Authors: Morony Suzanne , Webster Angela C. , Buchbinder Rachelle , Kirkendall Suzanne , McCaffery Kirsten J. , Clerehan Rosemary 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Instruments to assess the quality and comprehensibility of printed patient education materials may lack proper consideration of how readers derive meaning from text. The Evaluative Linguistic Framework (ELF) considers how factors that influence readers' expectations about health care texts also affect their ability to understand them. The ELF has demonstrated value in improving the quality of patient materials about medication, consent, and self-reported questionnaires, but has not yet been used to evaluate a corpus of patient education materials about chronic disease self-management.

Objective:
This study sought to apply the ELF to examine specific elements of printed self-management patient education materials for chronic kidney disease (CKD) not captured by other tools.

Methods:
From a previously published systematic review, we identified 14 patient education materials (eight self-management, six diet and nutrition) for people with CKD. We used the ELF to identify the different ways the text could be structured, its intended purpose, the relationship established between reader and writer, presence of signposting, its complexity and technicality of language, and factual content.

Key Results:
Our analysis identified nine possible structural units, of which “introducing the problem” and “instructing the reader to self-manage” were common to all materials. However, there was no consistency or common sequence to these units of text. The intended readership and aims of the author(s) were not always clear; many materials made assumptions about what the reader knew, the language was often complex and dense, and the meta-discourse was sometimes distracting.

Conclusions:

Our analysis suggests CKD document developers can benefit from a theoretically grounded linguistic tool that focuses on the intended audience and their specific needs. The ELF identified structural units of text, aligned with rhetorical elements that can be uniformly applied for developing self-management education materials for CKD, and provided checks for language complexity. Further work can determine its usefulness for other (e.g., electronic) formats and other chronic diseases.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2018;2(1):e1–e14.]

Plain Language Summary:
Helping patients make meaning from information about their condition is a key goal of health care organizations. We analyzed chronic kidney disease patient education materials on self-management using the Evaluative Linguistic Framework. The purpose and intended audience were frequently unclear. We identified nine structural units of text that may assist information providers to plan and structure content.
Assessment of the Agreement between Cerebral Hemodynamic Indices Quantified Using Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast and Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imagings
Authors: Zakariaee Seyed Salman , Oghabian Mohammad Ali , Firouznia Kavous , Sharifi Guive , Arbabi Farshid , Samiei Farhad 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Brain tumor is one of the most common tumors. A successful treatment might be achieved with an early identification. Pathological investigation as the gold standard method for tumor identification has some limitations. Noninvasive assessment of tumor specifications may be possible using perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) could be calculated based on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in addition to dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC-MRI) modality. Each category of the cerebral hemodynamic and permeability indices revealed the specific tumor characteristics and their collection could help for better identification of the tumor. Some mathematical methods were developed to determine both cerebral hemodynamic and permeability indices based on a single-dose DCE perfusion MRI. There are only a few studies available on the comparison of DSC- and DCE-derived cerebral hemodynamic indices such as CBF and CBV.

Aim:
The objective of the study was to validate first-pass perfusion parameters derived from T1-based DCE method in comparison to the routine T2*-based DSC protocol.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-nine patients with brain tumor underwent DCE- and DSC-MRIs to evaluate the agreement between DSC- and DCE-derived cerebral hemodynamic parameters. Agreement between DSC- and DCE-derived cerebral hemodynamic indices was determined using the statistical method described by Bland and Altman. The reliability between DSC- and DCE-derived cerebral hemodynamic indices was measured using the intraclass correlation analysis.

Results:
The achieved magnitudes for DCE-derived CBV (gray matter [GM]: 5.01 ± 1.40 mL/100 g vs. white matter [WM]: 1.84 ± 0.74 mL/100 g) and DCE-derived CBF (GM: 60.53 ± 12.70 mL/100 g/min vs. WM: 32.00 ± 6.00 mL/100 g/min) were in good agreement with other studies. The intraclass correlation coefficients showed that the cerebral hemodynamic indices could accurately be estimated based on the DCE-MRI using a single-compartment model (>0.87), and DCE-derived cerebral hemodynamic indices are significantly similar to the magnitudes achieved based on the DSC-MRI (P < 0.001). Furthermore, an acceptable agreement was observed between DSC- and DCE-derived cerebral hemodynamic indices.

Conclusion:
Based on the measurement of the cerebral hemodynamic and blood–brain barrier permeability using DCE-MRI, a more comprehensive collection of the physiological parameters cloud be achieved for tumor evaluations.
The Testimony of the Exalted Jesus in the Book of Revelation
Authors: Dixon Sarah S. U. 
Published: January 2018

The interpretation of the phrase ‘the testimony of Jesus’ in the Book of Revelation has been the centre of much debate, with no clear consensus regarding its meaning. One of the most important but often neglected issues is whether or not the phrase can be read consistently across each instance of its occurrence. The opening lines of the Apocalypse clearly specify that ‘the testimony of Jesus’ is a moniker for the book of Revelation itself, indicating that the phrase is an internal self-reference to the book’s own message. Nevertheless, most interpreters are reluctant to apply this interpretation to the phrase in other parts of the book, leading to varied and inconsistent interpretations of the phrase.
Following the intratextual pattern of the apocalyptic books of Daniel and 1 Enoch we can see that it is entirely possible that ‘the testimony of Jesus’ is a reference to Revelation’s own message, an interpretation which is then supported by Dixon’s in-depth study of each of the passages in which the phrase occurs. The exploration of the rhetorical impact of interpreting the phrase in this way shows that ‘the testimony of Jesus’ is not just another title for John’s writing, but is something that is given to and even characterizes those who hear the message of the Apocalypse.
Researching Everyday Childhoods
Authors: Thomson Rachel , Berriman Liam , Bragg Sara 
Published: January 2018

How can we know about children’s everyday lives in a digitally saturated world? What is it like to grow up in and through new media? What happens between the ages of 7 and 15 and does it make sense to think of maturation as mediated? These questions are explored in this innovative book, which synthesizes empirical documentation of children’s everyday lives with discussions of key theoretical and methodological concepts to provide a unique guide to researching childhood and youth. Researching Everyday Childhoods begins by asking what recent ‘post-empirical’ and ‘post-digital’ frameworks can offer researchers of children and young people’s lives, particularly in researching and theorising how the digital remakes childhood and youth. The key ideas of time, technology and documentation are then introduced and are woven throughout the book’s chapters. Research-led, the book is informed by two state of the art empirical studies – ‘Face 2 Face’ and ‘Curating Childhoods’ – and links to a dynamic multimedia archive generated by the studies.
BIOBASED CONTENTS OF MODEL RUBBER COMPOUNDS BASED ON ISO 19984 SERIES
Authors: Kunioka Masao , Saito Akira , Nakajima Mari , Araki Shunji 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
The percent modern carbon (pMC) values of natural rubbers from certain global areas as biomass resources and foods in Japan were confirmed by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The pMC value of biomass harvested in 2014 and 2015 was determined to be 101%. The optimal conditions for AMS pretreatment procedures were examined. Eleven model rubber compounds were prepared to determine biobased contents. The biobased contents of the model rubber compounds were calculated using their formulations and measured by carbon-14 concentration (equivalent to percent modern carbon) using AMS. The biobased carbon contents of the rubber compounds were estimated based on ISO 19984-1 by the ratio of biobased carbon mass to total carbon mass in the sample material and measured based on ISO 19984-2 using AMS for the sample itself. Their biobased mass contents were calculated based on ISO 19984-1 as the ratio of biobased ingredient mass to total sample mass and measured based on ISO 19984-3 by chemical analysis and AMS for separated samples of rubber, solvent extract, and inorganics including carbon black. The reproducibility of the biobased contents was determined by round robin test (RRT) in the ISO technical committee 45 “Rubber and Rubber Products” during preparation, documentation, and discussion of the ISO 19984 series. Nine AMS laboratories and one chemical evaluation laboratory, located in four countries, participated in this RRT. These methods for determining biobased contents were confirmed to have high reproducibility. The biobased carbon content and the biobased mass content of commercial rubber products, such as tire parts, were successfully measured based on ISO 19984-2 and 3.
The Communal Stakes of Scholarly Debate: A Retrospective on the Critical Reception of Black Atlantic Religion (2005)
Authors: Matory J. Lorand 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Critical reaction to Black Atlantic Religion: Tradition, Transnationalism, and Matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé (2005) has recapitulated and, in some cases, generated several central debates in the comparative study of diasporic cultures and their ostensible homelands. Together, this historical ethnography and these critical responses offer an important case study in how scholars' personal experiences and social positionality can shape what interpretations of society and history they are willing to believe and what communities they are able to imagine in a multi-sited field. Much the same diversity of experience, positionality, and imagination of community has shaped the long and international history of scholarship about Candomblé and other Afro-Atlantic religions, scholarship that has, over time, affected the practice of these religions themselves.
Toward an Inventory of Influence: Biography and Belonging in Sustained Dialogue with Black Atlantic Religion
Authors: Pérez Elizabeth 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article assesses the empirical and conceptual contributions of J. Lorand Matory's Black Atlantic Religion: Tradition, Transnationalism, and Matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé (BAR) and of his first monograph, Sex and the Empire That Is No More: Gender and the Politics of Metaphor in Ọyọ-Yoruba Religion. The bearing of these texts on subsequent research in Afro-diasporic traditions is explored through an autoethnographic account that emphasizes the demand for a post-Eliadean style of comparativism, the disciplining function of the university, and social positionality as a condition for influence to manifest. The combination of these factors supports Matory's thesis in the present issue of this journal concerning the interplay of biography and belonging in the critical reception of BAR. The article concludes by asserting the inadequacy of debt (along with other economic metaphors) for the expression of intellectual impact, and casts the act of criticism as externalizing an intimate internal dialogical process.
Sacrifice, Ethics, and Alinesitoué: Human Rights and Ritual Discourse in a Revolutionary Prophetic Movement
Authors: Hellweg Joseph 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Alinesitoué Diatta pioneered forms of ritual practice that codified moral protest against French colonialism in Senegal. Her rise to prominence reflected conditions in which men left their homes as migrant laborers to earn cash to pay colonial taxes. Under the French, women prophets thus replaced their male predecessors. Rather than offer an ethical deontology of protest, Alinesitoué enacted a ritual critique. She forbade the use of non-Jola rice in sacrifices as well as the planting of peanuts as a cash crop, thereby confronting the economic demands of the French who championed the cultivation of peanuts for export. More importantly, she brought rain, equating the French presence with environmental catastrophe: a drought that had been plaguing Jola farmers. She was eventually arrested and exiled, but Robert Baum's study of her life and work resurrects her critique, revealing ritual as a sophisticated, innovative source for ethical discourse.