bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A conceptual framework of cool for social marketing
Authors: Mohiuddin Khondker Galib B. , Gordon Ross , Magee Christopher , Lee Jeong Kyu 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual framework of cool for social marketing through a comprehensive literature review and integrating extant literature on cool.

Design/methodology/approach
A comprehensive search and review of extant literature across social marketing, business disciplines, arts, psychology, social sciences and humanities was undertaken to develop an understanding of cool and its relevance to social marketing. The review permitted developing a comprehensive set of characteristics that are associated with cool.

Findings
A conceptual framework of cool organised according to the following dimensions is presented and discussed: deviating from norm, self-expressive, indicative of maturity, subversive, pro-social, evasive, and attractive.

Originality/value
This paper advances theoretical knowledge in the social marketing domain by offering a conceptual framework of cool, and by suggesting a set of guidelines to develop cool social marketing programs.
Determinants of tracking error in German ETFs – the role of market liquidity
Authors: Osterhoff Friedrich , Kaserer Christoph 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of market liquidity on the daily tracking error of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). It puts a special focus on the liquidity cost of individual underlying stocks as well as the process of creation/redemption of ETF shares as key determinants of tracking ability.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study is based on daily observations of fund data for eight fully replicating German equity ETFs for July 2001-October 2013. A regression model with fund fixed effects is chosen to determine the effect of liquidity cost, creation/redemption and other control variables on daily tracking error. Data were compiled from issuer websites and Datastream. Proprietary XETRA Liquidity Measure, which was used as proxy for liquidity cost was supplied by Deutsche Börse.

Findings
– The study finds daily tracking error to significantly depend on the liquidity of underlying stocks. This finding emerges even though the ETFs in this study predominantly use in-kind creation/redemption. Even after controlling for creation/redemption, the liquidity impact remains basically unchanged. One reason might be imperfect replication of index weights: Either the in-kind-basket delivered in the course of creation/redemption does not perfectly match the benchmark-weights or the internal rebalancing of weights causes liquidity cost.

Originality/value
– To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that uses a specific liquidity measure for each single stock underlying an ETF. The findings extend the literature by corroborating the view that liquidity of individual stocks in the underlying portfolio has an impact on tracking error.
Context‐dependent changes in the functional composition of tree communities along successional gradients after land‐use change
Authors: Aiba Masahiro , Kurokawa Hiroko , Onoda Yusuke , Oguro Michio , Nakashizuka Tohru , Masaki Takashi 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Land‐use change can modify the functional composition of tree communities, which is an essential determinant of the ecosystem functions. The lack of consensus about the functional responses of tree communities to land‐use change is a major uncertainty in the assessments of human impacts on terrestrial ecosystem functions.

In this study, we applied a machine‐learning method to a large data set consisting of 2574 tree communities across Japan to examine changes in the functional composition of tree communities after land‐use change while considering contexts including successional trajectories, forest types and the presence of gymnosperms. Specifically, we hypothesized that functional changes along successional gradients after land‐use change can be different in different contexts.

Effects of two successional variables (stand age and basal area) on functional composition were highly significant throughout the study region. Changes in functional composition with changes in the two successional variables differed greatly, and the effects of basal area often outweighed those of stand age.

Tree communities with small basal area were generally characterized by functional traits related to the resource‐acquisitive strategy, that is short adult stature, low leaf mass per unit area, small seeds, low wood density and large leaves, especially when gymnosperms were excluded from the analysis. Decreasing basal area but not decreasing stand age often led to a considerable loss in functional diversity. Despite these general trends, functional changes along successional gradients after land‐use change were not necessarily parallel and the opposite patterns were sometimes observed among forest types, traits and taxonomic groups.

Synthesis. As a whole, our analyses demonstrate that the functional changes in tree communities after land‐use change are highly evident in a given context but can be different under different contexts. These changes in functional composition can trigger variable changes in ecosystem functions such as carbon and nutrient cycling that depend on the context.
A new Lower Triassic (Induan) Jerus Limestone locality in northwest Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia: Conodont fauna, depositional and tectonic settings
Authors: Metcalfe Ian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLimestones exposed north of Raub, Pahang, Malaysia, and sandwiched between the Bentong‐Raub Suture Zone and the westernmost margin of the Sukhothai Arc terrane, yield a late Dienerian (late Induan) conodont fauna. The co‐occurrence of Neospathodus dieneri Sweet (morphotypes 1, 2 and 3) and Neospathodus pakistanensis Sweet represents the Neospathodus dieneri morphotype 3 sub‐zone of the Neospathodus dieneri Zone. The sampled limestones are interpreted as the northwards extension of the Jerus Limestone which crops out near Cheroh and Jerus villages, significantly extending the known outcrop of the Jerus Limestone northwards. The Jerus Limestone is interpreted as hemipelagic and formed in a foredeep or forearc setting on top of the accretionary complex formed by eastwards subduction of the Palaeo‐Tethys during the Lower to Middle Triassic.
Petrogenesis and geodynamic significance of the Ganhe Formation lavas, eastern Great Xing'an Range, China: Evidence from geochemistry and geochronology
Authors: Gu A‐lei , Sun Jing‐gui , Bai Ling‐an , Zhang Yong , Cui Pei‐long , Chai Peng , Zhao Ke‐qiang , Sun Qing‐long , Ren Liang , Chen Yan‐jun , Zhu Jun‐quan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMesozoic volcanic rocks are widespread throughout the Great Xing'an Range of northeastern China. However, there has been limited investigation into the age and petrogenesis of the Mesozoic volcanics in the eastern Great Xing'an Range. According to our research, the volcanic rocks of the Dayangshu Basin, eastern Great Xing'an Range are composed mainly of trachybasalt, basaltic andesite, and basaltic trachyandesite, with minor intermediate–basic pyroclastic rocks. In this study, the geochemistry and geochronology of the Mesozoic volcanic rocks are presented in order to discuss the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Ganhe Formation in the Dayangshu Basin. Zircon U–Pb dating by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry indicates that the Mesozoic lavas formed during the late Early Cretaceous (114.3–108.8 Ma). This suite of rocks exhibits a range of geochemical signatures indicating subduction‐related genesis, including: (i) calc‐alkaline to high‐K calc‐alkaline major element compositions; (ii) enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (e.g. Rb, Ba, K) and light rare earth elements (LREEs/HREEs =7.33–9.85); and (iii) weak depletion in high field strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti). Furthermore, Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data yield initial 87Sr/86Sr values of 0.70450–0.70463, positive εNd(t) values of +1.8 to +3.3, and a mantle‐derived lead isotope composition. Combined with the regional tectonic evolution, the results of this study suggest that the Ganhe Group lavas are derived from decompression melting of a metasomatized (enriched) lithospheric mantle, related to asthenospheric upwelling, which resulted from lithospheric mantle delamination and produced extension of the continental margin following the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate.
Post‐ischemic salubrinal treatment results in a neuroprotective role in global cerebral ischemia
Authors: Anuncibay‐Soto Berta , Pérez‐Rodríguez Diego , Santos‐Galdiano María , Font Enrique , Regueiro‐Purriños Marta , Fernández‐López Arsenio 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study describes the neuroprotective effect of treatment with salubrinal 1 and 24 h following 15 min of ischemia in a two‐vessel occlusion model of global cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study was to determine if salubrinal, an enhancer of the unfolded protein response, reduces the neural damage modulating the inflammatory response. The study was performed in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas as well as in the cerebral cortex whose different vulnerability to ischemic damage is widely described. Characterization of proteins was made by western blot, immunofluorescence, and ELISA, whereas mRNA levels were measured by Quantitative PCR. The salubrinal treatment decreased the cell demise in CA1 at 7 days as well as the levels of matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP‐9) in CA1 and cerebral cortex at 48 h and ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 cell adhesion molecules. However, increases in tumor necrosis factor α and nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) inflammatory markers were observed at 24 h. Glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were not modified by salubrinal treatment in CA1 and cerebral cortex. We describe a neuroprotective effect of the post‐ischemic treatment with salubrinal, measured as a decrease both in CA1 cell demise and in the blood–brain barrier impairment. We hypothesize that the ability of salubrinal to counteract the CA1 cell demise is because of a reduced ability of this structure to elicit unfolded protein response which would account for its greater ischemic vulnerability. Data of both treated and non‐treated animals suggest that the neurovascular unit present a structure‐dependent response to ischemia and a different course time for CA1/cerebral cortex compared with CA3. Finally, our study reveals a high responsiveness of endothelial cells to salubrinal in contrast to the limited responsiveness of astrocytes.
imageThe alleviation of ER stress by enhancing UPR with salubrinal treatment reduces the ischemic damage. This effect varies across the different neurovascular unit cell types. The salubrinal neuroprotective effect on CA1 supports differences in neurovascular unit for different brain regions and involves the inflammatory response and its time course. Thus, UPR modulation could be a therapeutic target in cerebral ischemia.
Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) as a spontaneous animal model of Vitiligo
Authors: Singh Vijay Pal , Motiani Rajender K. , Singh Archana , Malik Garima , Aggarwal Rangoli , Pratap Kunal , Wani Mohan R. , Gokhale Suresh B. , Natarajan Vivek T. , Gokhale Rajesh S. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryVitiligo is a multifactorial acquired depigmenting disorder. Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms driving the gradual destruction of melanocytes in vitiligo will likely lead to the discovery of novel therapies, which need to be evaluated in animal models that closely recapitulate the pathogenesis of human vitiligo. In humans, vitiligo is characterized by a spontaneous loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis, but most animal models of vitiligo are either inducible or genetically programmed. Here, we report that acquired depigmentation in water buffalo recapitulates molecular, histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural changes observed in human vitiligo and hence could be used as a model to study vitiligo pathogenesis and facilitate the discovery and evaluation of therapeutic interventions for vitiligo.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Burkholderia cenocepacia
Strain CEIB S5-2, a Methyl Parathion- and
p
-Nitrophenol-Degrading Bacterium, Isolated from Agricultural Soils in Morelos, Mexico
Authors: Martínez-Ocampo Fernando , Fernández López Maikel Gilberto , Lozano-Aguirre Beltrán Luis Fernando , Popoca-Ursino Elida Carolina , Ortiz-Hernández M. Laura , Sánchez-Salinas Enrique , Ramos Quintana Fernando , Villalobos-López Miguel A. , Dantán-González Edgar 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia cenocepacia
is an opportunistic pathogen that belongs to
Burkholderia cepacia
complex (BCC).
Burkholderia cenocepacia
strain CEIB S5-2 was isolated from agricultural soils in Morelos, Mexico, and previously has shown its abilities for bioremediation. In this study, we report the draft genome sequence of
Burkholderia cenocepacia
strain CEIB S5-2.
Wheezes, crackles and rhonchi: simplifying description of lung sounds increases the agreement on their classification: a study of 12 physicians' classification of lung sounds from video recordings
Authors: Melbye Hasse , Garcia-Marcos Luis , Brand Paul , Everard Mark , Priftis Kostas , Pasterkamp Hans 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThe European Respiratory Society (ERS) lung sounds repository contains 20 audiovisual recordings of children and adults. The present study aimed at determining the interobserver variation in the classification of sounds into detailed and broader categories of crackles and wheezes.MethodsRecordings from 10 children and 10 adults were classified into 10 predefined sounds by 12 observers, 6 paediatricians and 6 doctors for adult patients. Multirater kappa (Fleiss' κ) was calculated for each of the 10 adventitious sounds and for combined categories of sounds.ResultsThe majority of observers agreed on the presence of at least one adventitious sound in 17 cases. Poor to fair agreement (κ<0.40) was usually found for the detailed descriptions of the adventitious sounds, whereas moderate to good agreement was reached for the combined categories of crackles (κ=0.62) and wheezes (κ=0.59). The paediatricians did not reach better agreement on the child cases than the family physicians and specialists in adult medicine.ConclusionsDescriptions of auscultation findings in broader terms were more reliably shared between observers compared to more detailed descriptions.
When rheumatologists report that they agree with a guideline, does this mean that they practise the guideline in clinical practice? Results of the International Recommendation Implementation Study (IRIS)
Authors: Gvozdenović Emilia , Allaart Cornelia F , van der Heijde Désirée , Ferraccioli Gianfranco , Smolen Josef S , Huizinga Tom W J , Landewé Robert 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionThe European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the treat-to-target (T2T) principles have been developed in order to improve the treatment outcome of patients with RA, and have received broad attention. It is not clear, though, whether these recommendations are indeed followed up in clinical practice.ObjectiveTo investigate if rheumatologists that report to agree with existing guidelines indeed follow them up in clinical practice.MethodsThe International Recommendation Implementation Study (IRIS) included 132 participating rheumatologists from 14 countries. Participating rheumatologists received a questionnaire measuring their awareness/commitment with the EULAR/T2T recommendations and followed a dedicated educational programme. Subsequently, they were asked to enrol 5–10 patients with new-onset RA in the online IRIS database and monitor disease activity and treatment for a period of 1–2 years. Four recommendations (3 from the EULAR recommendations and one from the T2T recommendations) were selected on the basis of testability, and analysed with regard to compliance by participating rheumatologists.ResultsIn total, 72 of the 132 participating rheumatologists contributed 378 patients to the database. Of these participants, 70 (98%) agreed upfront with the recommendation that disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy should be started as soon as possible after diagnosis in every patient; 69 (96%) of the rheumatologists agreed with the recommendation that methotrexate (MTX) should be part of the first treatment strategy. When measuring the actual performance, it was found that the recommendation on early DMARD start was met in 253 (67%) of the recorded patients, and the recommendation on MTX in 225 (60%) of the recorded patients. Of the participants, 60 (83%) agreed that composite measures should be recorded regularly, but only in 134(54%) of the patients were composite scores actually recorded in ≥50% of patient visits.ConclusionReporting to be compliant with EULAR recommendations and T2T principles, even after dedicated education does not mean they actually comply with it in clinical practice.
Point-contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy on Bi2Se3 single crystals
Authors: Granstrom C. R. , Fridman I. , Lei H.-C. , Petrovic C. , Wei J. Y. T. 
Published: April 2016

To study how Andreev reflection (AR) occurs between a superconductor and a three-dimensional topological insulator (TI), we use superconducting Nb tips to perform point-contact AR spectroscopy at 4.2 K on as-grown single crystals of Bi2Se3. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy are also used to characterize the superconducting tip and both the doping level and surface condition of the TI sample. The point-contact measurements show clear spectral signatures of AR, as well as a depression of zero-bias conductance with decreasing junction impedance. The latter observation can be attributed to interfacial Rashba spin-orbit coupling, and the presence of bulk bands at the Fermi level in our samples suggests that bulk states of Bi2Se3 are involved in the observed AR.
Micro–RNA-126 Reduces the Blood Thrombogenicity in Diabetes Mellitus via Targeting of Tissue Factor
Authors: Witkowski Marco , Weithauser Alice , Tabaraie Termeh , Steffens Daniel , Kränkel Nicolle , Witkowski Mario , Stratmann Bernd , Tschoepe Diethelm , Landmesser Ulf , Rauch-Kroehnert Ursula 
Published: April 2016

Objective—
Diabetes mellitus involves vascular inflammatory processes and is a main contributor to cardiovascular mortality. Notably, heightened levels of circulating tissue factor (TF) account for the increased thrombogenicity and put those patients at risk for thromboembolic events. Here, we sought to investigate the role of micro-RNA (miR)–driven TF expression and thrombogenicity in diabetes mellitus.

Approach and Results—

Plasma samples of patients with diabetes mellitus were analyzed for TF protein and activity as well as miR-126 expression before and after optimization of the antidiabetic treatment. We found low miR-126 levels to be associated with markedly increased TF protein and TF-mediated thrombogenicity. Reduced miR-126 expression was accompanied by increased vascular inflammation as evident from the levels of vascular adhesion molecule-1 and fibrinogen, as well as leukocyte counts. With optimization of the antidiabetic treatment miR-126 levels increased and thrombogenicity was reduced. Using a luciferase reporter system, we demonstrated miR-126 to directly bind to the
F3
-3′-untranslated region, thereby reducing TF expression both on mRNA and on protein levels in human microvascular endothelial cells as well as TF mRNA and activity in monocytes.

Conclusions—
Circulating miR-126 exhibits antithrombotic properties via regulating post-transcriptional TF expression, thereby impacting the hemostatic balance of the vasculature in diabetes mellitus.
Sensitivity of Tornado Dynamics to Soil Debris Loading
Authors: Bodine David J. , Maruyama Takashi , Palmer Robert D. , Fulton Caleb J. , Bluestein Howard B. , Lewellen David C. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Past numerical simulation studies found that debris loading from sand-sized particles may substantially affect tornado dynamics, causing reductions in near-surface wind speeds up to 50%. To further examine debris loading effects, simulations are performed using a large-eddy simulation model with a two-way drag force coupling between air and sand. Simulations encompass a large range of surface debris fluxes that cause negligible to substantial impact on tornado dynamics for a high-swirl tornado vortex simulation.
Simulations are considered for a specific case with a single vortex flow type (swirl ratio, intensity, and translation velocity) and a fixed set of debris and aerodynamic parameters. Thus, it is stressed that these findings apply to the specific flow and debris parameters herein and would likely vary for different flows or debris parameters. For this specific case, initial surface debris fluxes are varied over a factor of 16 384, and debris cloud mass varies by only 42% of this range because a negative feedback reduces near-surface horizontal velocities. Debris loading effects on the axisymmetric mean flow are evident when maximum debris loading exceeds 0.1 kg kg−1, but instantaneous maximum wind speed and TKE exhibit small changes at smaller debris loadings (greater than 0.01 kg kg−1). Initially, wind speeds are reduced in a shallow, near-surface layer, but the magnitude and depth of these changes increases with higher debris loading. At high debris loading, near-surface horizontal wind speeds are reduced by 30%–60% in the lowest 10 m AGL. In moderate and high debris loading scenarios, the number and intensity of subvortices also decrease close to the surface.
Reconstructed Regional Mean Climate with Bayesian Model Averaging: A Case Study for Temperature Reconstruction in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Xianliang , Yan Xiaodong , Chen Zhenju 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A method was developed, based on Bayesian model averaging (BMA), to reconstruct regional mean temperature. Different from the arithmetic mean, which gives equal weight to each chronology, BMA weights the chronologies according to their contributions to the actual temperature variances. Thus, BMA holds advantages in integrating chronologies to reconstruct the regional mean temperature. The regional mean temperature for the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau was reconstructed for the past four centuries (1628–2005) using BMA, which performed better than the simple arithmetic mean. The reconstruction explained 41.33% of total observed temperature variances during the period of 1961–2005. The warmest decade was found to be 1840–50 and the coldest 1810–20 prior to the instrumental period. The reconstructed temperature showed a high correlation (r &gt; 0.7, p &lt; 0.001) with gridded observed temperatures in most grid cells of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, suggesting that the regional temperature changes were captured well by the reconstruction.