bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel High-Power Magnetic Transmission System Based on Magnetic Conductivity Modulation Principle
Authors: Tao Mo , Wu Jun , Ke Zhiwu , Li Xianling , Li Yong 
Published: December 2017

Due to the increasingly complexity of the nuclear power device system, the demands for its performance and security become rather high. There is a large number of rotating machinery working in the nuclear power plant.The static and dynamic misalignment between the rotating mechanical rotors may exist for various reasons like installation error, loading deformation, thermal expansion deformation and etc.Both of the radial vibration and the axial vibration can be generated by the misalignment. The security of nuclear power is severely threatened by these vibrations.
Compared with the mechanical gears, the merits of Field Modulated Magnetic Transmission System Based on Magnetic Conductivity Modulation Principle are remarkable.Since it has a high reliability, lower noise, smaller vibration and a capacity of protecting itself during overload. It also can reduce maintenances, moreover there is a physical isolation between input and output in the new system.Besides,the traditional magnetic transmission system has only a low torque transmitting density.But by the use of efficient permanent magnet, the new type magnetic field modulation gears’ high torque transmitting density is comparable to the mechanical ones, even better then them. The major work of this paper is extension.
Researching of the Field Modulated Magnetic Transmission System (FMMTS) based on Magnetic Conductivity Modulation Principle.
Considering about the particularity of the working principle and structure of the FMMTS.First the author studied and analyzed its working principle in details by using analytic method.Then deduced the mathematical relationship of the pole pairs of permanent magnet of inner rotor,the number of copper core in magnetic adjusting loop and the pole pairs of permanent magnet of outer rotor.After that, a mathematical model of torque and rotational speed over three factors: the inner rotor, the outer rotor and the magnetic adjusting loop, were modoled.
On the basis of principle analysis, the author verified the medol and did some further analysis by finite element simulating.Then we obtained the torque transmission characteristics of the Field Modulated Magnetic Transmission System, including the characteristics of Static torque and steady torque.
Based on the above researching, the author put forward the idea of the new type three-layer permanent magnet excitation High-power Field Modulated Magnetic Transmission System based on Halbach tech, that’s middle layer is also permanent magnet. By using the finite element method to analyze its magnetic flux distribution and torque characteristics.Compared with FMMTS under the same size, the new type system improved the power density dramatically.
Accuracy, user-friendliness and usefulness of the Cobas h232 point-of-care test for NT-proBNP in primary care
Authors: Hex Chiel , Smeets Miek , Penders Joris , Van Hoof Viviane , Verbakel Jan , Buntinx Frank , Vaes Bert 
Published: December 2017

AimsN-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been shown to be useful for ruling out heart failure in primary care. In this study, we examined the accuracy of the Cobas h232 point-of-care (POC) instrument in primary care compared with an in-hospital measurement. Furthermore, we investigated the user-friendliness and usefulness of the POC device.MethodsFive general practitioner (GP) groups were asked to evaluate adult patients who were suspected of having heart failure and to test NT-proBNP with the Cobas h232. The samples were subsequently delivered to and analysed at a central hospital laboratory by the Cobas e602 using conventional transport and storage. Difference between the paired measurements was analysed using a percentage difference plot, and correlation was assessed using Passing-Bablok linear regression analysis. User-friendliness and usefulness were assessed using semistructured questionnaires.ResultsNineteen GPs studied 94 patients. Passing-Bablok analysis showed a slope of 1.05 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.11) (R2=0.97). The percentage difference plot showed a mean difference of 15.7% (95% CI −46.0% to –77.4%). User-friendliness and usefulness had median scores of 4 or 5 on a five-point Likert scale. Eighteen out of 19 GPs confirmed that the device influenced their clinical practice. During the study, GPs’ confidence in using NT-proBNP increased significantly from a mean score of 4.4 (95% CI 3.2 to 5.6) to 7.6 out of 10 (95% CI 7.1 to 8.2).ConclusionsThe Cobas h232 NT-proBNP POC test proved to be an accurate, user-friendly and useful test in primary care. Nearly all participating GPs were convinced that the test could benefit clinical decision making.
Understanding child disadvantage from a social determinants perspective
Authors: Goldfeld Sharon , O’Connor Meredith , Cloney Dan , Gray Sarah , Redmond Gerry , Badland Hannah , Williams Katrina , Mensah Fiona , Woolfenden Sue , Kvalsvig Amanda , Kochanoff Anita T 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundChild health and developmental inequities exist in all countries. Comprehensive and robust concepts of disadvantage are fundamental to growing an evidence base that can reveal the extent of inequities in childhood, and identify modifiable leverage points for change. We conceptualise and test a multidimensional framework of child disadvantage aligned to a social determinants and bioecological perspective.MethodsThe Longitudinal Study of Australian Children is a nationally representative sample of two cohorts of Australian children, including the birth cohort of 5107 infants, which commenced in May 2004. The analysis focused on disadvantage indicators collected at age 4–5 years. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test a theoretically informed model of disadvantage. Concurrent validity was examined through associations with academic performance at 8–9 years.ResultsThe model comprising four latent factors of sociodemographic (10 indicators), geographical environments (three indicators), health conditions (three indicators) and risk factors (14 indicators) was found to provide a better fit for the data than alternative models. Each factor was associated with academic performance, providing evidence of concurrent validity.ConclusionThe study provides a theoretically informed and empirically tested framework for operationalising relative child disadvantage. Understanding and addressing inequities will be facilitated by capturing the complexity of children’s experiences of disadvantage across the multiple environments in which their development unfolds.
Geographical epidemiology of health and overall deprivation in England, its changes and persistence from 2004 to 2015: a longitudinal spatial population study
Authors: Kontopantelis Evangelos , Mamas Mamas A , van Marwijk Harm , Ryan Andrew M , Buchan Iain E , Ashcroft Darren M , Doran Tim 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundSocioeconomic deprivation is a key determinant for health. In England, the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is a widely used composite measure of deprivation. However, little is known about its spatial clustering or persistence across time.MethodsData for overall IMD and its health domain were analysed for 2004–2015 at a low geographical area (average of 1500 people). Levels and temporal changes were spatially visualised for the whole of England and its 10 administrative regions. Spatial clustering was quantified using Moran’s I, correlations over time were quantified using Pearson’s r.ResultsBetween 2004 and 2015 we observed a strong persistence for both overall (r=0.94) and health-related deprivation (r=0.92). At the regional level, small changes were observed over time, but with areas slowly regressing towards the mean. However, for the North East, North West and Yorkshire, where health-related deprivation was the highest, the decreasing trend in health-related deprivation reversed and we noticed increases in 2015. Results did not support our hypothesis of increasing spatial clustering over time. However, marked regional variability was observed in both aggregate deprivation outcomes. The lowest autocorrelation was seen in the North East and changed very little over time, while the South East had the highest autocorrelation at all time points.ConclusionsOverall and health-related deprivation patterns persisted in England, with large and unchanging health inequalities between the North and the South. The spatial aspect of deprivation can inform the targeting of health and social care interventions, particularly in areas with high levels of deprivation clustering.
P4HB recurrent missense mutation causing Cole-Carpenter syndrome
Authors: Balasubramanian Meena , Padidela Raja , Pollitt Rebecca C , Bishop Nicholas J , Mughal M Zulf , Offiah Amaka C , Wagner Bart E , McCaughey Janine , Stephens David J 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundCole-Carpenter syndrome (CCS) is commonly classified as a rare Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) disorder. This was following the description of two unrelated patients with very similar phenotypes who were subsequently shown to have a heterozygous missense mutation in P4HB.ObjectivesHere, we report a 3-year old female patient with severe OI who on exome sequencing was found to carry the same missense mutation in P4HB as reported in the original cohort. We discuss the genetic heterogeneity of CCS and underlying mechanism of P4HB in collagen production.MethodsWe undertook detailed clinical, radiological and molecular phenotyping in addition, to analysis of collagen in cultured fibroblasts and electron microscopic examination in the patient reported here.ResultsThe clinical phenotype appears consistent in patients reported so far but interestingly, there also appears to be a definitive phenotypic clue (crumpling metadiaphyseal fractures of the long tubular bones with metaphyseal sclerosis which are findings that are uncommon in OI) to the underlying genotype (P4HB variant).DiscussionP4HB (Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, betasubunit) encodes for PDI (Protein Disulfide isomerase) and in cells, in its tetrameric form, catalyses formation of 4-hydroxyproline in collagen. The recurrent variant in P4HB, c.1178A>G, p.Tyr393Cys, sits in the C-terminal reactive centre and is said to interfere with disulphide isomerase function of the C-terminal reactive centre. P4HB catalyses the hydroxylation of proline residues within the X-Pro-Gly repeats in the procollagen helical domain. Given the inter-dependence of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in assembly of a functional matrix, our data suggest that it is the organisation and assembly of the functional ECM that is perturbed rather than the secretion of collagen type I per se.ConclusionsWe provide additional evidence of P4HB as a cause of a specific form of OI-CCS and expand on response to treatment with bisphosphonates in this rare disorder.
Triple Engine Processor (TEP)
Authors: Lim Hongyeol , Park Giho 
Published: December 2017

The advent of 3D memory stacking technology, which integrates a logic layer and stacked memories, is expected to be one of the most promising memory technologies to mitigate the memory wall problem by leveraging the concept of near-memory processing (NMP). With the ability to process data locally within the logic layer of stacked memory, a variety of emerging big data applications can achieve significant performance and energy-efficiency benefits. Various approaches to the NMP logic layer architecture have been studied to utilize the advantage of stacked memory. While significant acceleration of specific kernel operations has been derived from previous NMP studies, an NMP-based system using an NMP logic architecture capable of handling some specific kernel operations can suffer from performance and energy efficiency degradation caused by a significant communication overhead between the host processor and NMP stack.
In this article, we first analyze the kernel operations that can greatly improve the performance of NMP-based systems in diverse emerging applications, and then we analyze the architecture to efficiently process the extracted kernel operations. This analysis confirms that three categories of processing engines for NMP logic are required for efficient processing of a variety of emerging applications, and thus we propose a Triple Engine Processor (TEP), a heterogeneous near-memory processor with three types of computing engines. These three types of engines are an in-order core, a coerce-grain reconfigurable processor (CGRA), and dedicated hardware. The proposed TEP provides about 3.4 times higher performance and 33% greater energy savings than the baseline 3D memory system.
ReDirect
Authors: Patsilaras George , Tuck James 
Published: December 2017

As we enter the dark silicon era, architects should not envision designs in which every transistor remains turned on permanently but rather ones in which portions of the chip are judiciously turned on/off depending on the characteristics of a workload. At the same time, due to the increasing cost per transistor, architects should also consider new ways to re-purpose transistors to increase their architectural value.
In this work, we consider the design of directory-based cache coherence in light of the dark silicon era and the need to re-purpose transistors. We point out that directories are not needed all of the time, and we argue that directories (and coherence) should be off unless it is actually needed for correctness. In our design, directories will be disabled and powered off for workloads with no sharing. Then only when parallel workloads need cache coherence will directories be enabled in proportion to the sharing that is present.
At the same time, we exploit the structural similarities of directories and cache. If a directory is idle, then we reconfigure it to be used as extra capacity in the last-level cache. Since our novel approach can keep most directories off, we are free to select sparse overprovisioned directory designs that are reconfigurable to large amounts of cache that can significantly boost performance when the directory is idle.

We call these combined features
Reconfigured Dark Directories
, since directories are usually dark (off) and can be reconfigured. Our results for Reconfigurable Dark Directories running SPEC 2006 applications show a performance benefit, on average, of 17% for an 8× overprovisioned fully mapped directory on a 64-tile system under low system concurrency (10% under heavy concurrency), or a 29% average speedup for a 2× overprovisioned directory on 256-tile system (10% under heavy concurrency) to systems with a conventional sparse directory design using the same overprovisioning factor.
KRAS Oncogenic Signaling Extends beyond Cancer Cells to Orchestrate the Microenvironment
Authors: Dias Carvalho Patrícia , Guimarães Carlos F. , Cardoso Ana P. , Mendonça Susana , Costa Ângela M , Oliveira Maria J. , Velho Sérgia 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in cancer, being a potent initiator of tumorigenesis, a strong inductor of malignancy, and a predictive biomarker of response to therapy. Despite the large investment to understand the effects of KRAS activation in cancer cells, pharmacologic targeting of KRAS or its downstream effectors has not yet been successful at the clinical level. Recent studies are now describing new mechanisms of KRAS-induced tumorigenesis by analyzing its effects on the components of the tumor microenvironment. These studies revealed that the activation of KRAS on cancer cells extends to the surrounding microenvironment, affecting the properties and functions of its constituents. Herein, we discuss the most emergent perspectives on the relationship between KRAS-mutant cancer cells and their microenvironment components. Cancer Res; 78(1); 7–14. ©2017 AACR.
Depression, Antidepressant Use, and Breast Cancer Risk in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Reeves Katherine W. , Okereke Olivia I. , Qian Jing , Tamimi Rulla M. , Eliassen A. Heather , Hankinson Susan E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background: Depression and antidepressant use is highly prevalent among U.S. women and may be related to increased breast cancer risk. However, prior studies are not in agreement regarding an increase in risk.
Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII among females age 25 and older. Over more than 10 years of follow-up in each cohort, 4,014 incident invasive breast cancers were diagnosed. We used Cox proportional hazards regressions with updating of exposures and covariates throughout follow-up to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between clinical depression and antidepressant use with invasive breast cancer risk. Analyses were repeated separately for in situ disease, as well as stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) subtype and menopausal status at diagnosis.
Results: No statistically significant associations were observed between clinical depression (HR for reporting ≥3 times vs. 0, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.85–1.49) or antidepressant use (HR for reporting ≥3 times vs. 0, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.80–1.05) and invasive breast cancer risk in multivariable analyses. Likewise, we observed no significant associations between clinical depression or antidepressant use and risk of in situ, ER+, ER−, premenopausal, or postmenopausal breast cancer.
Conclusions: In the largest prospective study to date, we find no evidence that either depression or antidepressant use increase risk of breast cancer.
Impact: The results of this study are reassuring in that neither depression nor antidepressant use appear to be related to subsequent breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(3); 306–14. ©2017 AACR.
Protease-Activated Receptor PAR-4: An Inducible Switch between Thrombosis and Vascular Inflammation?
Authors: Fender Anke , Rauch Bernhard , Geisler Tobias , Schrör Karsten 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThrombin triggers activation of platelets through protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) and PAR-4. Both receptors are widely expressed and exert multiple platelet-independent functions. PAR signalling contributes to healing responses after injury, by promoting cytokine activity and cellular growth and mobility. Uncontrolled PAR activation, however, can prevent timely resolution of inflammation, enhance thrombogenic endothelial function and drive adverse remodelling. The specific role of PAR-4 in thromboinflammatory vascular disease has been largely underestimated, given the relatively limited expression of PAR-4 in non-platelet cells under healthy conditions. However, unlike PAR-1, PAR-4 expression adapts dynamically to numerous stimuli associated with thromboinflammation, including thrombin, angiotensin II, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), high glucose and redox stress, suggesting expression is switched on ‘at need’. Prostacyclin negatively regulates PAR-4 expression at the post-transcriptional level, which may serve to fine-tune thrombin responses and limit these to the injury site. PAR-4 elicits inflammatory, mitogenic and proliferative actions not only in response to thrombin but also to numerous other inflammatory proteases, and can cross-talk with other receptor systems such as S1P and adenosine receptors. Accordingly, PAR-4 has emerged as a candidate player in vessel disease and cardiac post-infarction remodelling. Currently, PAR-4 is a particularly promising target for safer anti-thrombotic therapies. Recent studies with the PAR-4 antagonist BMS-986120 lend support to the concept that selective antagonism of PAR-4 may offer both an effective and safe anti-thrombotic therapy in the acute thrombotic setting as well as an anti-inflammatory strategy to prevent long-term progressive atherosclerotic disease in high-risk cardiovascular patients.
The Performance of CRUSADE and ACUITY Bleeding Risk Scores in Ticagrelor-Treated ACS Patients Who Underwent PCI
Authors: Xi Shaozhi , Zhou Shanshan , Wang Xuyun , Liu Jia , Qin Liuan , Liu Jun , Yin Tong , Chen Yundai 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe performance of the CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines) and ACUITY (Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage strategy) risk scores for the prediction of major bleeding in ticagrelor-treated acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unknown. The aim of the present study is to validate the performance of both scores in a contemporary Chinese cohort of ACS patients hospitalized for PCI and administrated with ticagrelor. From January 2013 to December 2014, a total of 629 ticagrelor-treated ACS patients who underwent PCI were recruited consecutively. The overall rate of major bleeding defined by the BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) criteria was 1.7%. This incidence increased with the risk category of both the CRUSADE (very low, 0.6%; low, 1.3%; moderate, 1.1%; high, 7.0%; and very high, 13.0%; p = 0.001) and the ACUITY score (low, 0.6%; moderate, 1.4%; high, 4.9%; and very high, 7.0%; p = 0.003). The CRUSADE score demonstrated adequate calibration and discriminatory capacity for the patients as a whole (HL-p [Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test p-value] >0.3; AUC [area under the curve]: 0.78), with the excellent performance in the subgroups of acute myocardial infarction, men, diabetes and those implanted with more than two DESs (AUC: 0.85, 0.80, 0.93 and 0.93, respectively). For the ACUITY score, adequate calibration and discriminatory capacity could be observed for the whole patients (HL-p > 0.3; AUC: 0.78), with excellent performance for the patients with diabetes or those implanted with more than two DESs (AUC: 0.90 and 0.97, respectively). In conclusion, both CRUSADE and ACUITY risk scores performed adequate discriminatory power for the prediction of major bleeding within 30 days in ticagrelor-treated ACS patients who underwent PCI.
Differential Effects on Haemostatic Markers by Metformin and the Contraceptive Pill: A Randomized Comparative Trial in PCOS
Authors: Burchall Genia , Piva Terrence , Ranasinha Sanjeeva , Teede Helena 
Published: December 2017

Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 18% of reproductive-aged women with increased risks of cardiovascular disease and venous thromboembolic disease, related to metabolic and hormonal features, obesity and an apparent hypofibrinolytic state, possibly exacerbated by current PCOS treatments.
Objective To investigate and compare haemostatic impacts of common pharmacological treatments and explore relationships with hormonal and metabolic variables in PCOS.
Patients/Methods This mechanistic sub-study using biobanked samples from a 6-month randomized comparative trial of pharmacological treatments assessed pro- and anti-thrombotic markers and overall haemostatic activity. Overweight women of mean age 33.9 ± 6.7 years and mean BMI (body mass index) of 36.5 ± 7.0 kg/m2 with PCOS (n = 60) were randomized to either metformin, higher-dose oral contraceptive pill (OCP) or low-dose OCP + spironolactone (OCP + S). Primary outcome measures included changes in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), prothrombin fragments 1 and 2 (PF1 and 2), plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) and thrombin generation (TG).
Results PAI-1 activity fell in all groups, ADMA fell in higher-dose OCP, PF1 and 2 increased with metformin and higher-dose OCP, TG rose and tPA fell in both OCP groups, plasminogen increased in all and TAFI increased after higher-dose OCP.
Conclusion Endothelial function (primary haemostasis) improved with higher dose with some improvement in low-dose OCP + S and metformin. Aberrant coagulation was noted in both OCP groups, but not with metformin. Fibrinolysis was reduced with higher-dose OCP. Our work suggests an additional dimension of treatment (haemostatic system effects) that favours metformin treatment over the OCP in PCOS.