bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and ethnic minority enrollment in randomized clinical trials of behavioural weight loss utilizing technology: a systematic review
Authors: Rosenbaum D. L. , Piers A. D. , Schumacher L. M. , Kase C. A. , Butryn M. L. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryMany racial and ethnic minority groups (minorities) are disproportionately affected by overweight and obesity; however, minorities are often under‐represented in clinical trials of behavioural weight loss (BWL) treatment, potentially limiting the generalizability of these trials' conclusions. Interventions involving technology may be particularly well suited to overcoming the barriers to minority enrollment in BWL trials, such as demanding or unpredictable work schedules, caregiving responsibilities and travel burdens. Thus, this systematic review aimed to describe minority enrollment in trials utilizing technology in interventions, as well as to identify which form(s) of technology yield the highest minority enrollment. Results indicated relatively low enrollment of minorities. Trials integrating smartphone use exhibited significantly greater racial minority enrollment than trials that did not; trials with both smartphone and in‐person components exhibited the highest racial minority enrollment. This review is the first to explore how the inclusion of technology in BWL trials relates to minority enrollment and can help address the need to improve minority enrollment in weight loss research.
Reallocating sedentary time to moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity but not to light‐intensity physical activity is effective to reduce adiposity among youths: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: García‐Hermoso A. , Saavedra J. M. , Ramírez‐Vélez R. , Ekelund U. , del Pozo‐Cruz B. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe aim of the study was to summarize the evidence of the effects of reallocating time spent in sedentary behaviours in different activity intensities on youth's adiposity. Five databases were searched. Studies that reported the effects of replacing sedentary behaviour with light‐intensity physical activity (LIPA) and/or moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on at least one adiposity parameter. The estimated regression coefficients (β) and 95% CIs were combined and meta‐analysed. Data from 7,351 youths and five studies were analysed. Pooled analysis from cross‐sectional studies shows that replacing sedentary time with LIPA showed no significant associations with any adiposity‐related outcomes. Replacing sedentary time with MVPA was statistically associated with total body fat percentage (β = −2.512; p = 0.003), but not with body mass index or waist circumference. In subgroup analysis, the greatest magnitude of association was observed from studies where 60 min of sedentary behaviour was reallocated to 60 min of MVPA (β = −4.535; p < 0.001). Our results highlight the importance of promoting MVPA, which may improve body composition phenotypes in young people. This information can be used to develop more effective lifestyle interventions.
Collagenase for Wound Debridement in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Huett Elizabeth , Bartley Whitney , Morris Darla , Reasbeck Della , McKitrick‐Bandy Beth , Yates Charlotte 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe use of collagenase for enzymatic wound debridement has been studied extensively and has been established as the standard of care for nonhealing and necrotic wounds in individuals for whom surgical intervention is not an option. Collagenase has been shown to be effective in adults but has been studied in a limited capacity in infants and neonates. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of collagenase in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsRetrospective chart review of infants and neonates admitted to the NICU at Arkansas Children's Hospital with nonhealing wounds for which collagenase was used for wound healing over a 1‐year time period. Six wounds were identified: five surgical wound dehiscence and one intravenous infiltrate.ResultsBefore the use of collagenase, five of the six wounds had been treated with an alternative dressing. Once collagenase was initiated, three of these wounds reached complete granulation and closure in less time than in the episode of prior therapy. The number of days to reach 100% granulation once treated with collagenase was 5 to 18 days (mean 12.2 days). Surgical intervention for the debridement and closure of these wounds was not required, providing cost savings to the patient. Daily wound care was completed with negligible pain recordings.ConclusionThe use of collagenase for enzymatic debridement can be beneficial, safe, and effective for the treatment of nonhealing and necrotic wounds in infants and neonates.
Neonatal Endocrinologic Problems in Collodion Babies
Authors: Ozdemir Ahmet , Korkut Sabriye , Kurtoglu Selim , Hatipoglu Nihal , Gunes Tamer , Ozturk Mehmet Adnan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo identify endocrinologic problems, particularly those concerning growth, in collodion babies (CBs).MethodsClinically identified newborn CBs were included in the study group (group 1). Because CBs are generally born premature, small for gestational age (SGA), or both, a control group matched to the study group in terms of gestational age and birthweight (group 2) was also established. Blood specimens were collected from both groups for thyroid function tests and to measure serum growth hormone (GH), insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and IGF binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3) levels.ResultsGroup 1 consisted of 42 CBs (25 male, 17 female) with gestational ages of 32 to 42 weeks and birthweights of 1,400 to 4,000 g. Twelve were assessed as premature and 17 as SGA. Serum IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 levels were lower and serum GH levels higher than in controls. Primary hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 10 patients in the study group, subclinical hypothyroidism in 2, and central hypothyroidism in 1. A statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in terms of primary hypothyroidism (p = 0.01). Serum GH levels were weakly negatively correlated with birthweight (correlation coefficient [r] = −0.32, p = 0.04) and serum IGF‐1 (r = −0.38, p = 0.001) and IGFBP‐3 (r = −0.36, p = 0.002) levels.ConclusionPremature birth and SGA are common in CBs. GH levels are high and IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 levels low at birth as a sign of GH resistance in these patients. The greater prevalence of hypothyroidism in these children is also significant.
Mimickers of Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Brockman Ross M. , Humphrey Stephen R. , Moe David C. , North Paula E. , King David M. , Jensen John N. , Siegel Dawn H. , Drolet Beth A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInfantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common tumors of infancy and usually follow a typical course of growth and involution. We report four soft tissue tumors that were referred to the pediatric dermatology clinic as IHs and the process by which they were diagnosed and treated. Clinicians should be aware of presentations of these uncommon, but serious soft tissue tumors. Many of these mimickers have a vastly different clinical prognosis, and early intervention to limit sequelae is crucial. Biopsy of atypical lesions should be considered early in the diagnostic process since they have varied prognosis and treatment strategies.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Newborn Presenting as “Blueberry Muffin Baby”
Authors: Larson Krista N. , Gaitan Sergio R. , Stahr Benjamin J. , Morrell Dean S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life‐threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by uncontrolled activation and proliferation of proinflammatory cytokines. Initial presentation commonly includes fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia; 6 to 65% of cases also have a concurrent cutaneous eruption. We present the case of a 6‐day‐old premature infant boy with congenital severe thrombocytopenia, anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly who presented with several cutaneous violaceous papules and nodules and was found to have HLH.
Validation of a Parent‐Reported Diagnostic Instrument in a U.S. Referral Population: The Childhood Eczema Questionnaire
Authors: Leitenberger Sabra , Hajar Tamar , Simpson Eric L. , von Kobyletzki Laura , Hanifin Jon M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThere is a paucity of validated tools for diagnosing atopic dermatitis (AD) in very young children that do not rely on clinical evaluation. The Childhood Eczema Questionnaire (CEQ)—a diagnostic tool for AD in children younger than 2 years that a caretaker can complete—was recently validated in Sweden. The objective of this study was to validate the tool in a U.S. population. As a substudy, we added an additional question that was independently assessed.MethodsChildren younger than 2 years old were recruited from a dermatology clinic. Their caretakers completed a questionnaire containing the original tool's three questions as well as a fourth question that increased the time frame measured from 1 week to 6 months. Questionnaires with all “yes” answers were considered positive and were compared with a dermatologist diagnosis of AD.ResultsA total of 283 subjects were recruited. The first three questions (the original CEQ) predicted a positive diagnosis of AD with a sensitivity of 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58, 0.82) and a specificity of 0.93 (95% CI 0.87, 0.95). In a separate analysis we included the first two questions and the fourth question and found that the sensitivity increased to 0.82 (95% CI 0.69, 0.90) with a specificity of 0.89 (95% CI 0.83, 0.93).ConclusionThis study validates a novel parental questionnaire for the diagnosis of AD in children younger than 2 years in a U.S. clinic population.
Paradoxical perceptions towards the introduction of assistants in speech‐language pathology and potential impact on consumers
Authors: O'Brien Rachael , Mitchell Rebecca , Byrne Nicole 
Published: May 2017

Rationale and aimWorking with assistants has the potential to be an economically and professionally sustainable solution to workforce shortages in speech‐language pathology. However, there is some resistance to the workforce redesign, and factors that determine how assistants are utilised are not well understood. The aim of this study was to understand the perceptions that engender professional resistance and identify factors that may lessen such resistance.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 speech‐language pathologists (SLPs) to learn about perceptions towards implementing assistants into the profession.Findings and discussionWhile assistants were seen as augmenting existing capacity, findings demonstrated ambivalence towards their utilisation, with tension between perceived benefits and risks of SLPs utilising assistants. Sharing workload and reducing administrative duties in favour of increasing clinical output was an important positive perception. However, this perception was moderated by the concern that the introduction of assistants would result in a decrease in consumer focus, which was seen as being at odds with the strongly held values of the profession. Findings provide insight into professional acceptance of this vocationally trained group and highlight discrepancies between perceptions and actualities, both of which may influence how assistants are utilised. They suggest that implementation of a workforce redesign involving assistants may result in paradoxical perceptions among SLPs. Understanding the way SLPs think about working with assistants and how this workforce redesign may be realised will impact on how SLPs view their role and their relationships with co‐workers. This understanding will also be useful in a wider sense for organisations seeking to introduce assistants, by allowing enhanced understanding of likely areas of resistance, as well as highlighting possible strategies that may be useful to address such issues.
Contrasting HCV and HIV seroepidemiology in 11 years of blood donors screening in Brazil
Authors: Levi J. E. , Lira S. M. , Bub C. B. , Polite M. B. , Terzian C. C. , Kutner J. M. 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundBlood donors are, in principle, healthy individuals who may be revealed as infectious for blood‐borne agents by the laboratory screening process, depicting the asymptomatic burden of the disease. Therefore, monitoring hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected donor and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected donor and associating to their demographical and behavioural characteristics may shed light on the dynamics and contemporary changes in these viruses' epidemiology.MethodsDonors presenting repeatedly reactive HCV or HIV serology/nucleic acid testing (NAT) screening results were submitted to confirmatory testing. Confirmed positive donors were invited to return to the blood bank for notification and counselling when a follow‐up sample was obtained and an interview performed to eventually disclose potential risks. HCV‐ or HIV‐infected donors identified over 11 years of screening (2004–2015) were evaluated for demographic and behavioural parameters.ResultsIn the period, 139 160 donations were screened, and 36 (0.025%) were found positive for HIV, stemming from 29 male and 7 female donors. Among those, eight subjects were repeat donors. A total of 95 donations were found repeatedly reactive for HCV (0.068%), obtained from 60 men and 35 women. Noticeably, in despite of a higher HCV prevalence in the donor population, the incidence of HIV among repeat donors was 10 times that of HCV (18 × 1.6/100 000 persons‐year, respectively). On average, HIV‐seroreactive men were found to be younger (mean = 34 years old) than women (mean = 40 years old). A total of 10 donors acknowledged sexual behaviours not previously informed, including 2 who were aware of their HIV‐positive status and another 2 who admitted to be seeking HIV testing. No window period donation was verified.DiscussionThe majority of the HIV‐infected donors are young males who deny risk factors in the interview and also ignore the confidence self‐exclusion opportunity. As they may reiterate this behaviour in serial donations, use of the most sensitive laboratory testing is justified in this setting.
Presence of ethanol‐sensitive glycine receptors in medium spiny neurons in the mouse nucleus accumbens
Authors: Förstera B. , Muñoz B. , Lobo M. K. , Chandra R. , Lovinger D. M. , Aguayo L. G. 
Published: May 2017

Key points
The nucleus accumbens (nAc) is involved in addiction‐related behaviour caused by several drugs of abuse, including alcohol.
Glycine receptors (GlyRs) are potentiated by ethanol and they have been implicated in the regulation of accumbal dopamine levels.
We investigated the presence of GlyR subunits in nAc and their modulation by ethanol in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the mouse nAc.
We found that the GlyR α1 subunit is preferentially expressed in nAc and is potentiated by ethanol.
Our study shows that GlyR α1 in nAc is a new target for development of novel pharmacological tools for behavioural intervention in drug abuse.
AbstractAlcohol abuse causes major social, economic and health‐related problems worldwide. Alcohol, like other drugs of abuse, increases levels of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (nAc), facilitating behavioural reinforcement and substance abuse. Previous studies suggested that glycine receptors (GlyRs) are involved in the regulation of accumbal dopamine levels. Here, we investigated the presence of GlyRs in accumbal dopamine receptor medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of C57BL/6J mice, analysing mRNA expression levels and immunoreactivity of GlyR subunits, as well as ethanol sensitivity. We found that GlyR α1 subunits are expressed at higher levels than α2, α3 and β in the mouse nAc and were located preferentially in dopamine receptor 1 (DRD1)‐positive MSNs. Interestingly, the glycine‐evoked currents in dissociated DRD1‐positive MSNs were potentiated by ethanol. Also, the potentiation of the GlyR‐mediated tonic current by ethanol suggests that they modulate the excitability of DRD1‐positive MSNs in nAc. This study should contribute to understanding the role of GlyR α1 in the reward system and might help to develop novel pharmacological therapies to treat alcoholism and other addiction‐related and compulsive behaviours.
Comparación de la respuesta inhibitoria en niños y adolescentes diagnosticados con TOC y TDAH
Authors: Pinto D Maria Cristina , Avila Campos Enrique , Contreras Javier Nicolas , Bedoya Luna , Ulzuru Aaron 
Published: May 2017

Antecedentes: Los trastornos de comportamiento tienen asociados una serie de factores que van más allá de los síntomas, entre los cuales está el funcionamiento cognoscitivo. En TOC y TDAH se han encontrado dificultades en el funcionamiento ejecutivo, siendo la inhibición de respuestas una de las fallas más consistentes en diferentes estudios.
Objetivos: Comparar la respuesta inhibitoria de niños y adolescentes diagnosticados con TDAH, TOC con población sana.
Método: Se analizaron 31 pacientes con TDAH, 31 con TOC y 66 controles a partir del Test Stroop de colores y palabras segunda edición (Golden, 1999).
Resultados: Se encuentran diferencias de los grupos clínicos con los controles; TOC vs controles (p = 0.03419), TDAH vs controles (p= 0.00244), pero no entre los grupos clínico TOC vs TDAH (p= 0.2793). Al comparar rango de edad se encuentran diferencias específicas entre los mismos grupos para los participantes entre 13-16 años (TDAH: p=0.005 y TOC: 0.018) y controles.
Conclusiones: Los resultados son coherentes con lo reportado en la literatura, respecto a la alteración del control inhibitorio de personas con TOC y TDAH. Se deben realizar análisis más amplios en otros dominios cognitivos para poder tener un perfil más claro de los aspectos comunes y diferenciables de personas con trastornos del neurodesarrollo y manifestaciones anormales de comportamiento.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Stremmel Neil B. , Struck Christopher J. 
Published: May 2017

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, S3/SC 1, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes a catalog of Acoustical American National Standards. To receive a copy of the latest Standards catalog, please contact Neil Stremmel.
Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.
This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA, as well as the national catalog of Acoustical Standards and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America, are available via the ASA home page: http://acousticalsociety.org.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Carbapenemase-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Strains Isolated from Albanian and Togolese Patients
Authors: Abdelbary Mohamed M. H. , Prod’hom Guy , Greub Gilbert , Senn Laurence , Blanc Dominique S. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
clinical strains, H31499 and H31506, which were isolated at the Lausanne University Hospital in 2015 from an Albanian and a Togolese patient, respectively.
Genome Sequence of Human Papillomavirus 23 Strain HPV-23/Lancaster/2015
Authors: Atkinson Kate V. , Bishop Lisa A. , Rhodes Glenn , Salez Nicolas , McEwan Neil R. , Hegarty Matthew J. , Robey Julie , Harding Nicola , Wetherell Simon , Lauder Robert M. , Pickup Roger W. , Wilkinson Mark , Gatherer Derek 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

The genome of human papillomavirus type 23 (HPV-23; family
Papillomaviridae
, genus
Betapapillomavirus
, species
Betapapillomavirus 2
, type 23) was assembled by deep sequencing from nasopharyngeal swabs. The assembled genome is 2.7% divergent over its full length from the single complete genome of HPV-23 in GenBank (accession no. U31781). We named the strain HPV-23/Lancaster/2015.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Metschnikowia australis
Strain UFMG-CM-Y6158, an Extremophile Marine Yeast Endemic to Antarctica
Authors: Batista Thiago M. , Hilário Heron O. , Moreira Rennan G. , Furtado Carolina , Godinho Valéria M. , Rosa Luiz H. , Franco Glória R. , Rosa Carlos A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Here we report the draft genome sequence of
Metschnikowia australis
strain UFMG-CM-Y6158, a yeast endemic to Antarctica. We isolated the strain from the marine seaweed
Acrosiphonia arcta
(
Chlorophyta
). The genome is 14.3 Mb long and contains 4,442 predicted protein-coding genes.
Genome Sequence of a Novel Canine Picornavirus Isolated from an American Foxhound
Authors: Norby Erica E. , Jarman Richard G. , Keiser Paul B. , Binn Leonard N. , Hang Jun 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

A candidate new canine picornavirus was isolated from a respiratory swab collected from an American foxhound (
Canis lupus familiaris
) in 1968. The assembled genome sequence of strain A128thr is 7,618 bases in length, comprising a complete protein-coding sequence of the 2,213-amino-acid polyprotein and partial terminal untranslated sequences.
Draft Genome Sequences of the Xylose-Fermenting Yeast
Scheffersomyces shehatae
NBRC 1983
T
and a Thermotolerant Isolate of
S. shehatae
ATY839 (JCM 18690)
Authors: Okada Natsumi , Tanimura Ayumi , Hirakawa Hideki , Takashima Masako , Ogawa Jun , Shima Jun 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Draft genome sequences of the type strain (NBRC 1983) and a thermotolerant isolate (ATY839) of the xylose-fermenting yeast
Scheffersomyces shehatae
were determined. The genome sizes and presumed open reading frames were highly similar between strains NBRC 1983
T
and ATY839.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Pseudomonas
sp. Strain Ep R1 Isolated from
Echinacea purpurea
Roots and Effective in the Growth Inhibition of Human Opportunistic Pathogens Belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia Complex
Authors: Maggini Valentina , Presta Luana , Miceli Elisangela , Fondi Marco , Bosi Emanuele , Chiellini Carolina , Fagorzi Camilla , Bogani Patrizia , Di Pilato Vincenzo , Rossolini Gian Maria , Mengoni Alessio , Firenzuoli Fabio , Perrin Elena , Fani Renato 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

In this announcement, we detail the draft genome sequence of the
Pseudomonas
sp. strain Ep R1, isolated from the roots of the medicinal plant
Echinacea purpurea
. The elucidation of this genome sequence may allow the identification of genes associated with the production of antimicrobial compounds.
First Insights into the Genome Sequence of the Alkaliphilic Thermotolerant Bacterium Clostridium thermoalcaliphilum JW/YL23-2
T
Authors: Poehlein Anja , Berg Alexandra , Welsing Gina , Daniel Rolf 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Clostridium thermoalcaliphilum
is an obligate anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium isolated from sewage sludge. It is an alkaliphilic thermotolerant organism and utilizes sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose, cellobiose, amino acids, and Casamino Acids as substrates. The draft genome comprises 2.031 Mbp and 2,027 predicted protein-coding genes.