bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐Related Vascularization and Ossification of Joints in Children: An International Pilot Study to Test Multiobserver Ultrasound Reliability
Authors: Windschall Daniel , Collado Paz , Vojinovic Jelena , Magni‐Manzoni Silvia , Balint Peter , Bruyn George A. W. , Hernandez‐Diaz Cristina , Nieto Juan Carlos , Ravagnani Viviana , Tzaribachev Nikolay , Iagnocco Annamaria , D'Agostino Maria Antonietta , Naredo Esperanza ,   the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Pediatric Ultrasound Subtask Force
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the intra‐ and interobserver reliability of ultrasound (US)‐detected age‐related joint vascularization and ossification grading in healthy children.MethodsFollowing standardized image acquisition and machine setting protocols, 10 international US experts examined 4 joints (wrist, second metacarpophalangeal joint, knee, and ankle) in 12 healthy children (divided into 4 age groups: 2–4, 5–8, 9–12, and 13–16 years). Gray‐scale was used to detect the ossification grade, and power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) was used to detect physiologic vascularization. Ossification was graded from 0 (no ossification) to 3 (complete ossification). A positive PDUS signal was defined as any PDUS signal inside the joint. Kappa statistics were applied for intra‐ and interobserver reliability.ResultsAccording to the specific joint and age, up to 4 solitary PDUS signals (mean 1.5) were detected within each joint area with predominant localization of the physiologic vascularization in specific anatomic positions: fat pad, epiphysis, physis, and short bone cartilage. The kappa values for ossification grading were 0.87 (range 0.85–0.91) and 0.58 for intra‐ and interobserver reliability, respectively. The bias‐adjusted kappa values for intra‐ and interobserver reliability were 0.71 (range 0.44–1.00) and 0.69, respectively.ConclusionDetection of normal findings (i.e., grading of physiologic ossification during skeletal maturation and identification of physiologic vessels) can be highly reliable by using clear definitions and a standardized acquisition protocol. These data will permit development of a reliable and standardized US approach for evaluating pediatric joint pathologies.
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Instruction in Adult Rheumatology Fellowship Programs
Authors: Torralba Karina D. , Cannella Amy C. , Kissin Eugene Y. , Bolster Marcy B. , Salto Lorena M. , Higgs Jay , Samuels Jonathan , Nishio Midori Jane , Kaeley Gurjit S. , Evangelisto Amy , De Marco Paul , Kohler Minna J. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveMusculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in rheumatology in the US has advanced by way of promotion of certifications and standards of use and inclusion of core fellowship curriculum. In order to inform endeavors for curricular integration, the objectives of the present study were to assess current program needs for curricular incorporation and the teaching methods that are being employed.MethodsA needs‐assessment survey (S1) was sent to 113 rheumatology fellowship program directors. For programs that taught MSUS, a curriculum survey (S2) was sent to lead faculty. Programs were stratified according to program size and use of a formal written curriculum.ResultsS1 (108 of 113 respondents; response rate 96%) revealed that 94% of programs taught MSUS, with 41% having a curriculum. Curricular implementation was unaffected by program size. Formal curricular adoption of MSUS was favored by 103 directors (95.3%), with 65.7% preferring such adoption to be optional. S2 (74 of 101 respondents; response rate 73%) showed that 41% of programs utilized a formal curriculum. Multiple teaching strategies were used, with content that was generally similar. Use of external courses, including the Ultrasound School of North American Rheumatologists course, was prevalent. Fewer barriers were noted compared to past surveys, but inadequate time, funding, and number of trained faculty still remained. Lack of divisional interest (P = 0.046) and interest of fellows (P = 0.012) were noted among programs without a formal curriculum.ConclusionMSUS is taught by a significantly larger number of rheumatology fellowship programs today. Multiple teaching strategies are used with common content, and barriers still remain for some programs. Most program directors favor inclusion of a standardized MSUS curriculum, with many favoring inclusion to be optional.
Synthesis of Polycyclic Dihydroindoles by Selective Decomposition of Bis(1,2,3‐triazoles) Mediated by Rhodium Catalysis
Authors: Jana Sampad , Vroemans Robby , Dehaen Wim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe report the selective decomposition of bis(1,2,3‐triazoles) under rhodium(II) catalysis. The bis(1,2,3‐triazoles) undergo an intramolecular transannulation reaction via an azavinylcarbene intermediate, resulting in the formation of polycyclic dihydroindoles containg a fused triazole ring.magnified image
Calcium Hydride Cation [CaH]+ Stabilized by an NNNN‐type Macrocyclic Ligand: A Selective Catalyst for Olefin Hydrogenation
Authors: Schuhknecht Danny , Lhotzky Carolin , Spaniol Thomas P. , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractReaction of dibenzyl calcium complex [Ca(Me4TACD)(CH2Ph)2], containing the neutral NNNN‐type macrocyclic ligand Me4TACD (Me4TACD=1,4,7,10‐tetramethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane), with triphenylsilane gave the cationic dinuclear calcium hydride [Ca2H2(Me4TACD)2](PhCHSiPh3)2 which was characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The cation can be regarded as the ligand‐stabilized dimeric form of hypothetical [CaH]+. Hydrogenolysis of benzyl calcium cation [Ca(Me4TACD)(CH2Ph)(thf)]+ gave dicationic calcium hydrides [Ca2H2(Me4TACD)2][BAr4]2 (Ar=C6H4‐4‐tBu; C6H3‐3,5‐Me2) containing weakly coordinating anions. In THF, they catalyzed the isotope exchange of H2 and D2 to give HD and the hydrogenation of unactivated 1‐alkenes.
Predictive processing increases intelligibility of acoustically distorted speech: Behavioral and neural correlates
Authors: Hakonen Maria , May Patrick J. C. , Jääskeläinen Iiro P. , Jokinen Emma , Sams Mikko , Tiitinen Hannu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionWe examined which brain areas are involved in the comprehension of acoustically distorted speech using an experimental paradigm where the same distorted sentence can be perceived at different levels of intelligibility. This change in intelligibility occurs via a single intervening presentation of the intact version of the sentence, and the effect lasts at least on the order of minutes. Since the acoustic structure of the distorted stimulus is kept fixed and only intelligibility is varied, this allows one to study brain activity related to speech comprehension specifically.MethodsIn a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment, a stimulus set contained a block of six distorted sentences. This was followed by the intact counterparts of the sentences, after which the sentences were presented in distorted form again. A total of 18 such sets were presented to 20 human subjects.ResultsThe blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)‐responses elicited by the distorted sentences which came after the disambiguating, intact sentences were contrasted with the responses to the sentences presented before disambiguation. This revealed increased activity in the bilateral frontal pole, the dorsal anterior cingulate/paracingulate cortex, and the right frontal operculum. Decreased BOLD responses were observed in the posterior insula, Heschl's gyrus, and the posterior superior temporal sulcus.ConclusionsThe brain areas that showed BOLD‐enhancement for increased sentence comprehension have been associated with executive functions and with the mapping of incoming sensory information to representations stored in episodic memory. Thus, the comprehension of acoustically distorted speech may be associated with the engagement of memory‐related subsystems. Further, activity in the primary auditory cortex was modulated by prior experience, possibly in a predictive coding framework. Our results suggest that memory biases the perception of ambiguous sensory information toward interpretations that have the highest probability to be correct based on previous experience.
A modified Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale for symptom clusters in radiation oncology patients
Authors: Johnstone Peter A. S. , Lee Jae , Zhou Jun‐Min , Ma Zhenjun , Portman Diane , Jim Heather , Yu Hsiang‐Hsuan Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPatient‐reported outcomes regarding symptom burden may provide valuable information in addition to physician assessment. Systematic collection of patient‐reported outcomes may be an important metric to identify unmet needs and improve quality of patient care. To understand common symptoms of patients seen in radiation oncology clinic, we examined the prospectively collected modified Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS‐r) data to explore symptom clusters. Our clinic established use of a modified Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale in August 2015. All outpatients presenting for radiation oncology services completed the form at each clinic visit. Symptom clusters are defined by two or more symptoms that are interrelated and occur simultaneously with a high degree of predictability. A sample of 916 de‐identified surveys was assessed statistically using principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation to determine independent clustering between the symptoms queried. We found four major clusters of symptoms: Tiredness (tired, drowsiness; PC1), Loss of Appetite (nausea, lack of appetite; PC2), Low Well‐Being (overall & spiritual well‐being; PC3), and Depression (depression, anxiety; PC4). These accounted for 46%, 9.2%, 7.6%, and 7% of total variance, respectively. Internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha was 0.87, 0.7, 0.82, and 0.87, respectively. The most frequent write‐in item was itchiness, present in 24% of the 148 patients responding. Assessment of patients seen in a large radiation oncology clinic revealed several symptom clusters. {Tiredness and drowsiness} represents a major symptom cluster. Itchiness may be underrecognized.
Antineoplastic effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors in neuroendocrine cancer cells are mediated through transcriptional regulation of Notch1 by activator protein 1
Authors: Jang Samuel , Jin Haining , Roy Madhuchhanda , Ma Alice L. , Gong Shaoqin , Jaskula‐Sztul Renata , Chen Herbert 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNotch signaling is minimally active in neuroendocrine (NE) cancer cells. While histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) suppress NE cancer growth by inducing Notch, the molecular mechanism underlying this interplay has not yet been defined. NE cancer cell lines BON, H727, and MZ‐CRC‐1 were treated with known HDACi Thailadepsin‐A (TDP‐A) and valproic acid (VPA), and Notch1 mRNA expression was measured with RT‐PCR. Truncated genomic fragments of the Notch1 promotor region fused with luciferase reporter were used to identify the potential transcription factor (TF) binding site. The key regulatory TF was identified with the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The effect of HDACi on Notch1 level was determined before and after silencing the TF. TDP‐A and VPA induced Notch1 mRNA in a dose‐dependent manner. A functional DNA motif at −80 to −52 from the Notch1 start codon responsible for the HDACi‐dependent Notch1 induction was identified. Mutation of this core sequence failed to induce luciferase activity despite HDACi treatment. EMSA showed the greatest gel shift with AP‐1 in nuclear extracts. Knockdown of AP‐1 significantly attenuated the effect of HDACi on Notch1 induction. Interestingly, AP‐1 transfection did not alter Notch1 level, suggesting that AP‐1 is necessary but insufficient for HDACi activation of Notch1. Therefore, AP‐1 is the TF that binds to a specific transcription‐binding site within the Notch1 promotor region to trigger Notch1 transcription. Elucidating the HDACi activation mechanism may lead to the development of novel therapeutic options against NE cancers and facilitate the identification of clinical responders and prevent adverse effects.
From anemia to polycythemia in 4 weeks
Authors: Hassan Omer A. , Moey Melissa Y. Y. , Papageorgiou Christos N. 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessagePrimary polycythemia (PCV) may coexist in otherwise asymptomatic patients particularly in the presence of unsuspecting conditions such as Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). In presumed “idiopathic TTP,” autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) should be investigated as a possible etiology for TTP. Standardization of targeted therapy with immunomodulatory agents may be recommended for this subset of patients.
Autonomous and Continuous Stimuli‐Responsive Polymer Surface for Antibacterial Application through Enzymatic Self‐Propagating Reactions
Authors: Ding Chao , Yan Zhengqing , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractStimuli‐responsive polymer materials inspired by biological materials have invoked increasing research interest; however, they still suffer from limitations such as finite amplified responses and poor sensitivity of the unstimulated parts. Herein, a new strategy for creating H+‐responsive polymer surfaces that are capable of transforming specific local fleeting stimuli into global macroscopic changes is described. The introduction of self‐propagating reactions into the polymer‐surface systems endows them with excellent stimuli‐amplifying properties and response of the unstimulated parts. On the basis of this design, a polymer and enzymatic reaction were employed to enable a specific response to a stimulus and then lead to macroscopic changes of the surface. It is further shown that the prepared H+‐responsive polymer surfaces can be employed for antibacterial application. This work provides a good example of achieving autonomously reconfigurable materials that respond to local fleeting stimuli.
A comprehensive pipeline for multi‐resolution modeling of the mitral valve: Validation, computational efficiency, and predictive capability
Authors: Drach Andrew , Khalighi Amir H. , Sacks Michael S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMultiple studies have demonstrated that the pathological geometries unique to each patient can affect the durability of mitral valve (MV) repairs. While computational modeling of the MV is a promising approach to improve the surgical outcomes, the complex MV geometry precludes use of simplified models. Moreover, the lack of complete in vivo geometric information presents significant challenges in the development of patient‐specific computational models. There is thus a need to determine the level of detail necessary for predictive MV models. To address this issue, we have developed a novel pipeline for building attribute‐rich computational models of MV with varying fidelity directly from the in vitro imaging data. The approach combines high‐resolution geometric information from loaded and unloaded states to achieve a high level of anatomic detail, followed by mapping and parametric embedding of tissue attributes to build a high‐resolution, attribute‐rich computational models. Subsequent lower resolution models were then developed and evaluated by comparing the displacements and surface strains to those extracted from the imaging data. We then identified the critical levels of fidelity for building predictive MV models in the dilated and repaired states. We demonstrated that a model with a feature size of about 5 mm and mesh size of about 1 mm was sufficient to predict the overall MV shape, stress, and strain distributions with high accuracy. However, we also noted that more detailed models were found to be needed to simulate microstructural events. We conclude that the developed pipeline enables sufficiently complex models for biomechanical simulations of MV in normal, dilated, repaired states.
Beacon‐based routing protocols for underwater acoustic sensor networks
Authors: Tariq Moeenuddin , Abd Latiff Muhammad Shafie , Ayaz Muhammad , Abbas Muhammad Zahid 
Published: August 2017

SummaryUnderwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UW‐ASN) are provisioned with limited bandwidth, long variable propagation delay, limited available energy, highly unreliable acoustic channels, and random node mobility. Consequently, efficient data routing between source destination pair requires UW‐ASN to apply a technology different than terrestrial networks. For the past few years researchers have proposed many robust and efficient routing protocols for UW‐ASN, thus reviewing the challenges posed by stringent underwater environment. These protocols can be broadly categorized into localization based and localization‐free protocols. This paper presents a critical review of beacon‐based localization‐free routing protocols and suggest possible solution to improve the working of studied beacon based protocols. This work categorizes beacon based protocols into hop‐by‐hop, end‐to‐end, single, and multiple parameters based forwarding protocols. This categorization will help to differentiate and identify the requirements for the development of new beacon‐based protocols. Finally, this paper presents performance comparison based on simulation results and outlines the research gap and future directions.
Efficient revocable ID‐based encryption with cloud revocation server
Authors: Jia Xiaoying , Kumar Neeraj , Choo Kim‐Kwang Raymond , He Debiao 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe capability to efficiently revoke compromised/misbehaving users is important in identity‐based encryption (IBE) applications, as it is not a matter of if but of when that one or more users are compromised. Existing solutions generally require a trusted third party to update the private keys of nonrevoked users periodically, which impact on scalability and result in high computation and communication overheads at the key generation center. Li et al proposed a revocable IBE scheme, which outsources most of the computation and communication overheads to a Key Update Cloud Service Provider (KU‐CSP). However, their scheme is lack of scalability since the KU‐CSP must maintain a secret value for each user. Tseng et al proposed another revocable IBE scheme with a cloud revocation authority, seeking to provide scalability and improve both performance and security level. In this paper, we present a new revocable IBE scheme with a cloud revocation server (CRS). The CRS holds only one secret time update key for all users, which provides the capability to scale our scheme. We demonstrate that our scheme is secure against adaptive‐ID and chosen ciphertext attacks under the k‐CAA assumption and outperforms both schemes mentioned above, in terms of having lower computation and communication overheads.
Plant–plant interactions scale up to produce vegetation spatial patterns: the influence of long‐ and short‐term process
Authors: Alados Concepción L. , Saiz Hugo , Gartzia Maite , Nuche Paloma , Escós Juan , Navarro Teresa , Pueyo Yolanda 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVegetation spatial patterns emerge in response to feedback interactions between organisms and their environment, because of the redistribution of water and nutrients around the plant canopy or as a consequence of facilitation/competition interactions at the plant level, even in the absence of pre‐existing substratum heterogeneities. It has been suggested that changes in vegetation spatial patterns are a signal of transition shift in ecosystems. Understanding the factors that lead to aggregated spatial patterns and control the transition to random distributions requires that environmental and species information is taken into account. In this study, we investigated the relative contributions of aridity (a long‐term process), to which vegetation is adapted, and the area covered by bare soil (short‐term process) to plant–plant associations and their contribution to aggregated spatial patterns. The study was conducted in a gradient of aridity ranging from that in subalpine grassland habitats in the Pyrenees and Sierra Nevada mountains to that in the semiarid steppes of Cabo de Gata and the middle Ebro Valley in Spain. We compared sites that differed in aridity and a geophysical feature (north‐ vs. south‐facing slope). We observed that the relative contribution of aridity and bare soil to plant–plant facilitation and vegetation aggregation differed in subalpine and semiarid areas. Facilitation in subalpine habitats had a marked effect on aggregated spatial patterns, while aridity contributed to disruption of these patterns. Conversely, in semiarid habitats, the disruption of aggregated patterns was mainly promoted by an increase in bare soil area rather than in aridity. In semiarid habitats, the higher level of stress on south‐facing slopes increased facilitation interactions relative to north‐facing slopes, although this did not enhance the persistence of aggregated spatial patterns. We conclude that the use of aggregated spatial patterns as an indicator of ecosystem shift must distinguish and separately take account of long‐term processes to which vegetation adapt, and short‐term process.
Glucocorticoids downregulate TLR4 signaling activity via its direct targeting by miR‐511‐5p
Authors: Curtale Graziella , Renzi Tiziana A. , Drufuca Lorenzo , Rubino Marcello , Locati Massimo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEndotoxin tolerance assures proper regulation of the TLR4 signaling pathway and avoids uncontrolled inflammation, limiting tissue damage and endotoxin shock development. Though underlying molecular mechanisms are still undefined, evidence indicates the involvement of microRNAs, which represent a new layer of regulation of inflammatory pathways. Here, we report that LPS and other inflammatory stimuli repress miR‐511‐5p expression in human monocytes, while anti‐inflammatory stimuli, such as TGF‐β and glucocorticoids, have the opposite effect. MiR‐511‐5p levels selectively influenced cell activation when endotoxin was used, while biological activity of other TLR agonists was unaffected. Consistent with this, TLR4 was validated as the miR‐511‐5p direct target responsible for glucocorticoids‐ and TGF‐β‐mediated inhibition of pro‐inflammatory cytokines production observed in endotoxin tolerant monocytes. MiR‐511‐5p thus acts as an intracellular mediator of glucocorticoids and TGF‐β for the induction of endotoxin tolerance in human monocytes.