bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mise au point et nouveaux développements européens sur la discrimination directe et la discrimination par association
Authors: Popov Athanase 
Published: March 2016

La deuxième affaire bulgare à avoir droit aux honneurs de la Grande Chambre de la CJUE depuis 2007 porte sur la situation des Roms en Bulgarie, qui sont collectivement accusés d’être responsables de branchements illicites sur le réseau électrique, ainsi que de dégradations des compteurs électriques. Le fournisseur d’électricité pense en effet que c’est seulement dans les « quartiers roms » qu’il convient de placer les compteurs électriques des consommateurs d'énergie électrique à une hauteur inaccessible. Par un arrêt rendu le 16 juillet 2015, en assemblée plénière, la Cour de justice de l’Union Européenne (CJUE) estime que la notion de discrimination directe fondée sur l’origine ethnique au sens de la directive 2000/43/CE s'applique aussi bien lorsqu'une mesure collective touche des personnes d’une origine ethnique donnée que lorsque d'autres personnes subissent en même temps la discrimination résultant de cette mesure. D’autre part, la Cour considère que l'article 2, paragraphes 1 et 2, sous a) et b), de la directive 2000/43, est contraire à une disposition nationale qui restreint le champ d'application de la directive qu'elle transpose, ce qui revient à dire qu’une telle disposition nationale est incompatible avec ladite directive. Pour finir, la Cour a jugé que l’article 2, paragraphe 2, sous a), de la directive 2000/43 devait être interprété en ce sens qu’une mesure discriminatoire constitue une discrimination directe s’il s’avère qu'elle a été instituée et/ou maintenue pour des raisons liées à l’origine ethnique commune à la majeure partie des habitants du quartier concerné.
Interdiction du territoire français : Du prononcé à l'extinction, le fil d'Ariane de l’exception
Authors: Duranton Marc 
Published: March 2016

Le 27 novembre 2015, le Conseil Constitutionnel est venu asseoir encore davantage la différence de situation dans laquelle se trouvent enferrées les personnes de nationalité étrangère. Peine discriminatoire par définition, l'interdiction judiciaire du territoire le demeure dans son exécution, et l'est désormais un peu plus dans sa (non)extinction : l'impossibilité de demander la réhabilitation d'une interdiction du territoire français prononcée à titre principal n'est pas contraire aux principes directeurs du droit répressif, parmi lesquels figurent notamment et la proportionnalité des peines et l'égalité devant la loi. Et ce, quitte à faire du décès le seul moyen viable d'extinction de la peine.
Imaging appearances of atypical hydatid cysts
Authors: Malik Amita , Chandra Ranjan , Prasad Rajni , Khanna Geetika , Thukral Brij B 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHydatid disease continues to be a significant health problem in many parts of the world. It can occur in any part of the body, but liver is the commonest site of involvement. The disease may remain asymptomatic for years. Symptoms occur due to compression of local structures or complications like rupture and infection. The diagnosis is clear when typical radiological appearance is observed at the common sites of involvement. Complications give rise to atypical appearances. These coupled with unusual localizations pose diagnostic difficulty. The aim of this pictorial essay is to demonstrate the atypical manifestations of hydatid cysts - atypical either due to complications or the unusual site.
Umbilical venous catheterization gone wrong: Hepatic complications
Authors: Sherwani Poonam , Vire Adweta , Anand Rama , Jajoo Mamta 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHepatic complications of malposition of umbilical venous catheter (UVC) are uncommon and occur due to extravasation of hypertonic fluids and the blood products in the liver tissue. Various hepatic complications include thrombosis of hepatic vessels, hepatic necrosis, hepatic fluid collections, and hematoma, with the intraparenchymal liver lesions seen along the course of ductus venosus. Radiologists must be aware of these complications and their imaging findings, as the timely recognition and immediate management can prevent the fatal outcome. Here, we present a rare case of intraparenchymal liver lesions associated with malposition of UVC in a preterm baby.
Prenatal diagnosis of cryptorchid testicular teratoma
Authors: Arkar Rahul Rajendra , Umap Rajesh A , Jadhav Sudhakar 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTestis follows a predictable course during its stepwise descent from its site of origin in the lumbar region to its final destination in ipsilateral hemi-scrotum. Undesended (cryptorchid) testis is more prone for neoplastic transformation. Testicular teratoma is rare relative to ovarian teratoma and occurs rarely prenatally than postnatally. Teratoma is composed of derivatives of three germ layers. Ultrasound with color Doppler is the most commonly used modality for assessment of prenatal status. Prenatal diagnosis of cryptorchid testicular teratoma involves identification of well-defined, complex solid-cystic lesion with calcifications along the path of testicular descent and absent testis in ipsilateral hemi-scrotum at 36 weeks of gestation. Complications associated with cryptorchid testicular teratoma include torsion, hemorrhage, or malignant transformation. Early diagnosis is important to avoid complications, and hence, ultrasound imaging features play an important role in diagnosis.
Radiofrequency ablation in primary non-small cell lung cancer: What a radiologist needs to know
Authors: Bhatia Shivank , Pereira Keith , Mohan Prasoon , Narayanan Govindarajan , Wangpaichitr Medhi , Savaraj Niramol 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLung cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In advanced cases of lung cancer, a multimodality approach is often applied, however with poor local control rates. In early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), surgery is the standard of care. Only 15-30% of patients are eligible for surgical resection. Improvements in imaging and treatment delivery systems have provided new tools to better target these tumors. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has evolved as the next best option. The role of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is also growing. Currently, it is a third-line option in stage 1 NSCLC, when SBRT cannot be performed. More recent studies have demonstrated usefulness in recurrent tumors and some authors have also suggested combination of RFA with other modalities in larger tumors. Following the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), screening by low-dose computed tomography (CT) has demonstrated high rates of early-stage lung cancer detection in high-risk populations. Hence, even considering the current role of RFA as a third-line option, in view of increasing numbers of occurrences detected, the number of potential RFA candidates may see a steep uptrend. In view of all this, it is imperative that interventional radiologists be familiar with the techniques of lung ablation. The aim of this article is to discuss the procedural technique of RFA in the lung and review the current evidence regarding RFA for NSCLC.
Congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: Imaging findings and endovascular management
Authors: Chandrasekharan Rajsekar , Pullara Sreekumar K , Thomas Tixon , Kader Nazar Puthukudiyil , Moorthy Srikanth 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe present two cases of congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in which the right portal vein directly communicated with the inferior venacava (IVC) in one patient and with the hepatic vein in the other. Multiple hepatic nodules consistent with focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) were seen in the first patient. The second patient presented with recurrent history of hepatic encephalopathy. Percutaneous transhepatic embolization was performed using coils and Amplatz device following which she completely recovered.
Radiological management of multiple hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms associated with cholangitic abscesses
Authors: Goyal Ankur , Madhusudhan Kumble S , Gamanagatti Shivanand , Baruah Bhaskar , Sharma Raju ,   Shalimar
Published: March 2016

AbstractHepatic artery pseudoaneurysms (HAP) are uncommon, occurring mostly as a complication of trauma (accidental or iatrogenic). Liver abscess rarely causes HAP and multiple HAP associated with cholangitic abscesses have not been reported in the literature. We present a patient of acute necrotizing pancreatitis with stent block cholangitis and multiple cholangitic abscesses who developed hemorrhagic output through drainage catheter in the liver abscess. A multiphasic CT angiography demonstrated three HAP, which were treated with a combination of endovascular coil embolization and percutaneous thrombin injection. The fact that cholangitic abscesses may be associated with pseudoaneurysms should not be neglected, considering the potentially catastrophic complication and relatively easy radiological management. CT angiography permits accurate diagnosis and lays down the roadmap for endovascular procedures.
Transnasal tracheobronchial stenting for malignant airway narrowing under local anesthesia: Our experience of treating three cases using this technique
Authors: Medhi Jayanta , Handique Akash , Goyal Amit , Lynser Donbok , Phukan Pranjal , Sarma Kalyan , Padmanabhan Aswin , Saikia Manuj Kumar , Chutia Happy 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Purpose: To study the technical feasibility of tracheobronchial stenting via transnasal route under bronchoscopy and fluoroscopic guidance in severe malignant airway strictures using self-expandable nitinol stents. Materials and Methods: We describe three patients with malignant airway strictures, treated entirely via transnasal route under local anesthesia using bronchoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. Nasal route allowed convenient access to the airway for the bronchoscope across the stricture and a guidewire was introduced through its working channel. The 18F tracheal stent and the 6F bronchial stent assembly could be easily introduced and deployed under bronchoscopic (reintroduced through the other nostril) and fluoroscopic guidance. Results: We achieved technical success in all the three patients with immediate relief of dyspnea. Conclusion: Transnasal airway stenting with self-expandable nitinol stent using bronchoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance under local anesthesia is a safe and effective method with minimal patient discomfort.
A rare cause of tube arcing artifact seen in computed tomography image of a positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanner
Authors: Mithun Sneha , Jha Ashish Kumar , Panchal Ketan , Purandare Nilendu C , Shah Sneha , Agrawal Archi , Rangarajan Venkatesh 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTube arcing artifact is known to be caused by a temporary short circuit in the X-ray tube causing momentary loss of X-ray output. It is seen as near-parallel and an equidistant streak pattern on transaxial computed tomography (CT) images and as a "horizontal" hypodense band on the coronal and sagittal CT images. This artifact can be a random occurrence and was caused in this particular case due to voltage fluctuations in the high-voltage supply transformer supplying the rotor of the anode in the X-ray tube. This problem was initially corrected by reducing the tube voltage to 120 kV from the original 140 kV and, subsequently, replacing the faulty transformer. This kind of artifact, which is a very rare situation, can affect the image quality, and could also be an early sign of equipment failure. To the authors′ knowledge, such an artifact has not been reported till date in a clinical scenario. Hence, we would like to report a rare situation of tube arcing artifact along with a unique remedy.
Evaluation of enamel damages following orthodontic bracket debonding in fluorosed teeth bonded with adhesion promoter
Authors: Baherimoghadam Tahreh , Akbarian Sahar , Rasouli Reza , Naseri Navid 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate shear bond strength (SBS) of the orthodontic brackets bonded to fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth using Light Bond with and without adhesion promoters and compare their enamel damages following debonding. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 fluorosed (Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index = 4–5) and 30 nonfluorosed teeth were randomly distributed between two subgroups according to the bonding materials: Group 1, fluorosed teeth bonded with Light Bond; Group 2, fluorosed teeth bonded with adhesion promoters and Light Bond; Group 3, nonfluorosed teeth bonded with Light Bond; Group 4, nonfluorosed bonded with adhesion promoters and Light Bond. After bonding, the SBS of the brackets was tested with a universal testing machine. Stereomicroscopic evaluation was performed by unbiased stereology in all teeth to determine the amount of adhesive remnants and the number and length of enamel cracks before bonding and after debonding. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis, Wilcoxon Signed Rank, and Mann–Whitney test. Results: While fluorosis reduced the SBS of orthodontic bracket (P = 0.017), Enhance Locus Ceruleus LC significantly increased the SBS of the orthodontic bracket in fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth (P = 0.039). Significant increasing in the number and length of enamel crack after debonding was found in all four groups. There were no significant differences in the length of enamel crack increased after debonding among four groups (P = 0.768) while increasing in the number of enamel cracks after debonding was significantly different among the four groups (P = 0.023). Teeth in Group 2 showed the highest enamel damages among four groups following debonding. Conclusion: Adhesion promoters could improve the bond strength of orthodontic brackets, but conservative debonding methods for decreasing enamel damages would be necessary.
Fissure sealants: Knowledge and practice of Yemeni dental practitioners
Authors: Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali , Al-Jamaei Aisha Ahmed , Halboub Esam Saleh , Al-Soneidar Walid Ahmed , Tarakji Bassel , Alsalhani Anas 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate Yemeni dental practitioners’ knowledge and practices concerning fissure sealants. Materials and Methods: A modified questionnaire consisted of 25-items was distributed to 500 dentists working in Sana'a City. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square/Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: The response rate was 74%. Most of the respondents were male (61.3%), general practitioners (84.2%), and had <5 years of clinical experience (48.3%). The respondents showed a reasonable level of knowledge about sealants, with the majority (88%) believed that there is strong scientific evidence about fissure sealants effectiveness and around 90% showed a good understanding of sealant placement instructions. On the other hand, respondents showed insufficient knowledge about sealants clinical practice. Conclusion: Although a high proportion of dental practitioners showed adequate knowledge about dental sealant, following guidelines and standardized procedures in clinical practice is lacking. These emphasize the need for regular continuing education courses for dental professional.
Fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth after apexification with calcium silicate-based materials
Authors: Ok Evren , Altunsoy Mustafa , Tanriver Mehmet , Capar Ismail Davut , Kalkan Abdussamed , Gok Tuba 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth filled with an apical barrier of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM). Materials and Methods: Fifty-two single-rooted human maxillary central incisors were used. For standardization, the teeth were sectioned 6 mm above and 9 mm below the cementoenamel junction to simulate immature apex. Simulations of roots into immature apices were carried out using 1.5 mm diameter drills. The specimens were then randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 13) and one control group (n = 13). In experimental groups, MTA, Biodentine, and CEM were placed to apical 4 mm of the simulated immature roots. The samples were stored at 37°C and 100% humidity for 1 week. A load was applied on the crown of all teeth at 135° to their long axis until fracture. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post-hoc tests. Results: No statistically significant differences were found among MTA, CEM, and Biodentine (P > 0.05), and these groups demonstrated higher fracture resistance than control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Using any of the MTA, Biodentine, and CEM as an apical plug and restoring with fiber post and composite resin increases the fracture resistance of immature teeth.
Light transmittance of fiber posts following various surface treatments: A preliminary study
Authors: Cekic-Nagas Isil , Ergun Gulfem , Egilmez Ferhan 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the light transmittance of fiber posts following application of various surface treatments. Materials and Methods: Fiber post specimens (Snowpost red size #14) were tested (n = 7). The fiber posts were divided into five groups according to the application of surface treatments: Group 1: No surface treatment; Group 2: Etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF) + silane application; Group 3: Airborne-particle abraded with 110 μm Al2O3; Group 4: Irradiated with erbium: Yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser; Group 5: Airborne-particle abraded with 110 μm Al2O3 + silane application. The light transmittance of the specimens was compared using a spectrophotometer. Statistical significance was determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α = 0.05). Results: One-way ANOVA revealed that surface treatment had significant effects on light transmittance of posts (P < 0.001). While laser treatment had the highest percentage of light transmittance, treatment with silane following HF application had the lowest. Conclusion: Application of surface treatments might negatively affect the light transmission property of fiber posts.
Mechanical behavior of deep cryogenically treated martensitic shape memory nickel–titanium rotary endodontic instruments
Authors: Vinothkumar Thilla Sekar , Kandaswamy Deivanayagam , Prabhakaran Gopalakrishnan , Rajadurai Arunachalam 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the cyclic fatigue resistance and cutting efficiency of martensitic shape memory (SM) nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five HyFlex® CM instruments were randomly divided into three groups of 25 each and subjected to different DCT (–185°C) conditions based on soaking time: DCT 24 group: 24 h, DCT 6 group: 6 h, and control group. Each group was randomly subdivided for evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance in custom-made artificial canals (n = 15) and cutting efficiency in plexiglass simulators (n = 10). The cyclic fatigue resistance was measured by calculating the number of cycles to failure (NCF) and cutting efficiency was measured using the loss of weight method. Results: Increase in NCF of instruments in DCT 24 group was highly significant (P < 0.01; Tukey's honest significant difference). There was no difference in weight loss of plexiglass simulators in all the groups (P > 0.05; one-way analysis of variance). In conclusion, deep dry cryogenic treatment with 24 h soaking time significantly increases the cyclic fatigue resistance without affecting the cutting efficiency of SM NiTi endodontic instruments.
Use of Electronic Health Record Simulation to Understand the Accuracy of Intern Progress Notes
Authors: March Christopher A. , Scholl Gretchen , Dversdal Renee K. , Richards Matthew , Wilson Leah M. , Mohan Vishnu , Gold Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

With the widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHRs), there is a growing awareness of problems in EHR training for new users and subsequent problems with the quality of information present in EHR-generated progress notes. By standardizing the case, simulation allows for the discovery of EHR patterns of use as well as a modality to aid in EHR training.Background

To develop a high-fidelity EHR training exercise for internal medicine interns to understand patterns of EHR utilization in the generation of daily progress notes.Objective

Three months after beginning their internship, 32 interns participated in an EHR simulation designed to assess patterns in note writing and generation. Each intern was given a simulated chart and instructed to create a daily progress note. Notes were graded for use of copy-paste, macros, and accuracy of presented data.Methods

A total of 31 out of 32 interns (97%) completed the exercise. There was wide variance in use of macros to populate data, with multiple macro types used for the same data category. Three-quarters of notes contained either copy-paste elements or the elimination of active medical problems from the prior days' notes. This was associated with a significant number of quality issues, including failure to recognize a lack of deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, medications stopped on admission, and issues in prior discharge summary.Results

Interns displayed wide variation in the process of creating progress notes. Additional studies are being conducted to determine the impact EHR-based simulation has on standardization of note content.Conclusions
Usability Evaluation of a Clinical Decision Support System for Geriatric ED Pain Treatment
Authors: Kim Min , Thum Frederick , Rivera Laura , Beato Rosemary , Song Carolyn , Soriano Jared , Kannry Joseph , Baumlin Kevin , Hwang Ula , Genes Nicholas 
Published: March 2016

SummaryOlder adults are at risk for inadequate emergency department (ED) pain care. Unrelieved acute pain is associated with poor outcomes. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) hold promise to improve patient care, but CDSS quality varies widely, particularly when usability evaluation is not employed.To conduct an iterative usability and redesign process of a novel geriatric abdominal pain care CDSS. We hypothesized this process would result in the creation of more usable and favorable pain care interventions.Thirteen emergency physicians familiar with the Electronic Health Record (EHR) in use at the study site were recruited. Over a 10-week period, 17 1-hour usability test sessions were conducted across 3 rounds of testing. Participants were given 3 patient scenarios and provided simulated clinical care using the EHR, while interacting with the CDSS interventions. Quantitative System Usability Scores (SUS), favorability scores and qualitative narrative feedback were collected for each session. Using a multi-step review process by an interdisciplinary team, positive and negative usability issues in effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction were considered, prioritized and incorporated in the iterative redesign process of the CDSS. Video analysis was used to determine the appropriateness of the CDS appearances during simulated clinical care.Over the 3 rounds of usability evaluations and subsequent redesign processes, mean SUS progressively improved from 74.8 to 81.2 to 88.9; mean favorability scores improved from 3.23 to 4.29 (1 worst, 5 best). Video analysis revealed that, in the course of the iterative redesign processes, rates of physicians’ acknowledgment of CDS interventions increased, however most rates of desired actions by physicians (such as more frequent pain score updates) decreased.The iterative usability redesign process was instrumental in improving the usability of the CDSS; if implemented in practice, it could improve geriatric pain care. The usability evaluation process led to improved acknowledgement and favorability. Incorporating usability testing when designing CDSS interventions for studies may be effective to enhance clinician use.