bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potensi Jenis Dipterocarpus retusus Blume di Kawasan Hutan Situ Gunung Sukabumi
Authors: Kalima Titi , Wardani Marfu'ah 
Published: February 2017

<p>Potential of Dipterocarpus retusus Blume Species in Situ Gunung Forest, Sukabumi. Titi Kalima and Marfu'ah Wardani. Analysis of the potential of Dipterocarpus retusus Blume species in Situ Gunung forest, Sukabumi, West Java, carried out in 2010 in a village location Kadudampit, Kadudampit districts, with the goal of uncovering potential and habitat conditions D. retusus in Situ Gunung forest. Data collection using the Systematic Sampling Strip with units such examples observation of 50 m x 20 m. The results showed that D. retusus recorded five induvidu stems of tree, the saplings (four individu) and seedlings (11 individu) at an altitude of 864-865 m above sea level, slope of 45%, and the soil pH from 6.0 to 6.9. The potential of D. retusus diameter rods &gt;10 cm are 50 stems per ha with 35,061 volume m3/ha. The level distribution D. retusus low, grow clustered and sparse. Abundance values for trees 2.50 stems/ha, 2.00 stems/ha for sapling and 2.20 seedling/ha.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong><br /></strong>Analisis potensi jenis Dipterocarpus retusus Blume di kawasan hutan Situ Gunung, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat dilakukan pada tahun 2010 di lokasi Desa Kadudampit, Kecamatan Kadudampit, dengan tujuan mengungkap potensi dan kondisi habitat D. retusus di kawasan hutan Situ Gunung. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode Systematic Strip Sampling dengan unit contoh berupa jalur pengamatan 50 m dan lebar 20 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa D. retusus tercatat lima induvidu batang tingkat pohon, tingkat pancang empat batang, dan semai diperoleh 11 batang pada ketinggian 864- 865 m dpl, kemiringan 45%, dan pada pH tanah 6,0-6,9. Potensi D. retusus berdiameter batang &gt;10 cm adalah 50 batang/ha dengan volume pohon sebesar 35,061 m3/ha. Tingkat persebaran D. retusus rendah, tumbuh mengelompok dan jarang. Nilai kelimpahan untuk pohon 2,50 batang/ha, pancang 2,00 batang/ha, dan semai 2,20 batang/ha.</p><p> </p>
Sebaran dan Potensi Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) di Pulau Siberut, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Heriyanto N. M. , Bismark M. 
Published: February 2017

<p>Distribution and Potency of Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) on the Island of Siberut, West Sumatra. Nur. M. Heriyanto and M. Bismark. Distribution and potency of Dipterocarpus spp. (keruing) were studied in Siberut Biosphere Reserve area, covering Sot Boyak and Bekemen forest village, Siberut National Park, West Sumatra. Six research plots of 50 m x 50 m (0.25 ha) were laid down. The results showed that Dipterocarpus spp. density at the tree level were 31 trees/ha at Sot Boyak and 38 trees/ha at Bekemen forest village with important value index of 63.83% and 77.54% respectively. The strongest association of other trees to Dipterocarpus spp. were Hopea dryobalanoides Miq., Baccaurea bracteata Muell. Arg. and Endospermum diadenum Miq. as reflected respectively by 0.69, 0.67 and 0.56 of Ochiai index. Dipterocarpus spp. were commonly located on the slopes and ridges. The best grouping was on 50-59% Slopes. Slope relationship with the population distribution of Dipterocarpus spp. showed by the equation of Y = 5.83 ln (x) + 3.44 with R2 = 0.90. Regeneration of Dipterocarpus spp. in natural forest is highly dependent on the recruitment population. Saplings recruitment population was 556 individuals/ha, and seedling was 3,434 individual/ha.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Sebaran dan potensi Dipterocarpus spp. (keruing) diteliti di kawasan Cagar Biosfer Siberut yang meliputi hutan Desa Sot Boyak dan Bekemen, Taman Nasional Siberut, Sumatera Barat. Contoh plot penelitian dibuat dengan ukuran 50 m x 50 m (0,25 ha) dengan enam ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kerapatan Dipterocarpus spp. tingkat pohon di hutan Desa Sot Boyak 31 pohon/ha dan Bekemen 38 pohon/ha dengan indeks nilai penting masing-masing 63,8% dan 77,5%. Asosiasi terkuat dengan pohon lain terhadap keberadaan Dipterocarpus spp. adalah Hopea dryobalanoides Miq. indeks Ochiai 0,69, jenis Baccaurea bracteata Muell. Arg. (indeks Ochiai 0,67) dan Endospermum diadenum Miq. (indeks Ochiai 0,56). Habitat Dipterocarpus spp. berada di lereng dan punggung bukit, pengelompokannya terbaik pada kelerengan 50&amp;ndash; 59%. Hubungan kemiringan lahan dengan sebaran populasi Dipterocarpus spp. mengikuti persamaan Y = 5,83l n(x) + 3,44 dengan R2 = 0,90. Regenerasi Dipterocarpus spp. di hutan alam sangat bergantung pada populasi anakan. Populasi anakan untuk tingkat belta sebesar di 556 individu/ha, tingkat semai 3.434 individu/ha.</p>
Karakterisasi dan Evaluasi Koleksi Sumberdaya Genetik Durian Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi Buah
Authors: Hadiati Sri , Nasution Fitriana , Nasution Fitriana 
Published: February 2017

<p>Plasma nutfah merupakan bahan dasar yang sangat penting untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul baru. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengarakter dan mengevaluasi koleksi plasma nutfah durian berdasarkan karakter morfologi buah. Penelitian dilakukan di KP. Aripan dan KP. Subang Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika mulai bulan Januari 2011 sampai Desember 2012. Karakterisasi buah dilakukan terhadap 38 aksesi durian yang berumur 20 – 26 tahun. Sebanyak 5 – 10 buah dikarakter tiap aksesi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksesi yang diuji mempunyai karakter buah yang beragam dalam ukuran , bentuk, warna, maupun kualitasnya. Sunan mempunyai karakter unggul terbanyak yaitu daging buah tebal, panjang duri sedang, biji kecil, persentase biji kempes &gt; 25%, dan rasa sangat manis. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pertimbangan dalam pemilihan varietas unggul atau tetua durian yang tepat dalam program perakitan varietas unggul baru.</p>
Pengujian beberapa galur harapan padi hibrida pada lahan sawah di Kabupaten Malang Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Krismawati Amik , Sugiono Sugiono , Sugiono Sugiono 
Published: February 2017

<p>Potensi pengembangan padi hibrida di Provinsi Jawa Timur cukup bagus dan sangat prospektif dan ini dapat terlihat bahwa Provinsi Jawa Timur telah menyumbang pasokan beras nasional sebesar 17% dari kebutuhan. Berdasarkan atas fakta ini maka pengujian varietas padi hibrida perlu dilanjutkan dalam rangka meningkatkan kontribusi padi di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi nasional, khususnya bagi Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Kepuharjo, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang selama bulan Maret sampai dengan Juli 2011 di lahan sawah pada Musim Kemarau I (MK I). Ketinggian tempat 460 meter di atas permukaan laut. Padi hibrida yang diuji terdiri atas 10 galur hibrida dan 4 varietas padi hibrida sebagai pembanding. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan empat ulangan. Ukuran petak 4,0 m x 5,0 m,jarak tanam 20 cm x 20 cm, umur bibit 21 Hari Setelah Sebar (HSS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur yang superior GMJ7/BH95e-Mr-15-6-2-3 dan A3/BH25d-MR-2-2-3-B galur inferior, masing - masing mempunyai hasil tertinggi dan terendah sebesar 5,13dan 2,63 ton Gabah Kering Panen (GKP)/ha. </p>
Pendugaan Fungsi Keuntungan dan Skala Usaha pada Usahatani Kopi Rakyat di Lampung
Authors: Santoso Budi 
Published: February 2017

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><br />Kopi adalah salah satu komoditi penghasil devisa utama dari sub-sektor perkebunan yang sebagian besar (94%) diusahakan oleh rakyat. Tulisan ini mencoba menelaah faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keuntungan usahatani kopi rakyat, tercapai tidaknya keuntungan maksimum dan keadaan skala usaha. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Lampung untuk musim kopi 1984/1985. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa luas kebun kopi, jumlah pohon kopi dan umur pohon kopi berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap keuntungan usahatani kopi rakyat. Keadaan skala usaha adalah pada kondisi "constant return to scale" dengan luas usaha rata-rata 1,02 ha. Usahatani kopi rakyat di daerah penelitian belum memberikan tingkat keuntungan yang maksimum kepada petani pengelolanya.</p>
Keefektifan Biofungisida Trichoderma sp. dengan Tiga Jenis Bahan Pembawa terhadap Jamur Akar Putih Rigidoporus microporus
Authors: Amaria Widi , Soesanthy Funny , Ferry Yulius 
Published: February 2017

<em>The effectiveness of </em>Trichoderma<em> sp </em><em>as biocontrol for white root disease is determined by the environment, thus it is best applied as biofungicide. The application of </em>Trichoderma<em> sp. with </em><em>suitable carrier is expected to suppress pathogen (</em>Rigidoporus microporus<em>) in rubber seedlings. The objective of th</em><em>e research was to study the effectiveness of </em>Trichoderma<em> sp. biofungicide </em><em>with three types of carriers in controlling white root disease in rubber seedlings. The research was conducted in Plant Protection Laboratory and screen house of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from July to December 2013. The experiment used a factorial design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is 4 types of </em>Trichoderma<em>, namely </em>Trichoderma virens<em>, </em>T. hamatum<em>,</em><em> </em>T. amazonicum<em>,</em><em> dan </em>T. atroviride<em> whereas the second factor is the three types of carrier, namely molasses, compost, and talc. The biofungicide were made of four species of </em>Trichoderma<em> and the three carriers thus resulting in 12 biofungicides. The spora population of </em>Trichoderma<em> sp. </em><em>was </em><em>10<sup>8 </sup>spores/ml from which then 100 ml or gram applied on each plant. Rubber seedlings used were of AVROS 2037 clones, 3 months old clone-grafted seedlings grown in polybag. Observations were on the incubation stage, the intensity of the white root disease attack, the disease suppression, and the population of </em>Trichoderma<em> sp. in soil. </em><em>The results showed no interactions between types of </em>Trichoderma<em> with types of carrier. The four </em>Trichoderma<em> species studied had similar suppressing effectivity on white root disease in rubber seedlings. Talc, compost, and molasses increased the </em>Trichoderma <em>sp. growth but talc was shown had the highest effectivity in suppressing the disease. </em>
Experimental Design as Uncertainty Management: A Case Study
Authors: Al-Khalifa Mohammad A 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Uncertainty assessment is a crucial step in any 3D geological modeling study, due to the fact that uncertainty exists in all input variables used to build the 3D geological model and due to its subsequent impact on the final in-pace hydrocarbon estimate. Experimental Design (ED) is well-suited to determine the main uncertain parameters, to evaluate the uncertainty impact on production forecasts, and to help accelerate decision making in reservoir development planning. The ED can be used in 3D modeling to minimize the number of model scenarios that are necessary to estimate hydrocarbon in place and predicate reservoir performance profile.
This paper describes in details the major steps of experiment design and propose an optimal procedure to conduct ED study. Topics covered includes how to defining key input variables, the different methods for selecting input distribution shape. Also, this paper covers the dependency between input parameters, ranking methods and results presentation. These concepts are applied on a clastic reservoir to illustrate the benefits of using the ED. Several cases are built using different input data with different distribution shape and dependencies. The results showed that the use of ED captured the potential uncertainty range while reducing the number of models realization needed. The approach is, also, very valuable in assessing the uncertainty of various inputs and their impact on the hydrocarbon in-place volumes.
Geosteering Strategy for Enhancement Horizontal Well Placement in Tight Carbonate Formations
Authors: Guizada Pablo , Saikia Kausik , Ahmad Azly Abdul Aziz , Eperjesi Bela 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Developing heterogeneous and tight carbonate formations in mature fields requires novel techniques for drilling new wells to improve well productivity. A geosteering method has been implemented in drilling long horizontal wells in the carbonate reservoir to overcome the heterogeneity challenges by targeting the most productive layers or intervals. The key objective of geosteering is to place the well more accurately to maximize the net reservoir contact to increase the well productivity.
Multidisciplinary inputs and techniques take key role in defining the pre-drill geosteering methodology. These include seismic attributes which could be correlated with better spatial porosity distribution, geo-mechanical study and understanding the area to drill the horizontal section in optimum direction, understanding of depositional environment and facies distribution, and process of diagenesis and static as well as dynamic models. Regarding execution, the main steps start with landing the well into the target layer via real-time correlation with offset wells, ascertain the density-to-porosity relationship at target layer, and then geosteer the hole-section along the desired reservoir interval to get optimum reservoir contact.
Summarized in this work is the different challenges that are faced when drilling laterals in a heterogeneous and tight carbonate formation. Even with a pilot well, there still exist challenges in landing horizontal wells due to lateral local variation in the structure, formation dip, and reservoir quality. These heterogeneities and uncertainties can cause shorter horizontal section or less reservoir contact, dog leg problems, missing production intervals thereby risking production target resulting in costly side track to recover the loss. With the geosteering methods implemented, these issues have been significantly reduced.
Pressure Transient Analysis of Shale Gas Wells With Non-Uniform Fractures
Authors: Du Juan , Pang Wei , Lei Jun , Zhang Tongyi , Ehlig-Economides Christine A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Uniform fractures with equal half-length and fracture spacing are commonly assumed when conducting pressure transient analysis and production performance estimation for shale gas wells. However, production loggings and microseismic in many shale gas wells illustrate that only about one third to one half of hydraulic fractures produces. Meanwhile, the productive fractures usually contribute quite differently to the production rate. Therefore, modeling and analyzing of non-uniform fractures properties like fracture type, half-length and fracture spacing are of great importance to understand hydraulic fractures' effect on dynamic flow regimes, pressure and production performance.
In this paper, one model with non-uniform fracture properties is used combing shale gas properties like desorption, pressure dependent permeability and fracture properties like un-even distance, un-even half-length. Type-curves of interpretation models with un-uniform facture and the ones with uniform fractures are compared. Rate normalized pressure (RNP) method is used to analyze non-uniform fractures' effect on shale gas wells' flow regimes and drainage volume.
Parametric analyses for five reservoir parameters and six well & fractures parameters are conducted. The reservoir parameters include reservoir permeability, porosity, pressure dependent permeability (PDP), desorption and Outer boundary area. The well and fracture parameters include clustered fracturing and evenly spaced fracturing with fixed total fracture half-length (TFH), fracture half-length, cluster spacing, cluster number per stage, stage number with fixed TFH, stage number with fixed fracture half-length.
Results show that a series of flow regimes including three linear flows and three pseudo-steady state flows can be diagnosed for shale gas wells with non-uniform fractures. Three pseudo-steady state flows correspond to flow within stage volume, flow within stage plus space between stages volume, and flow within SRV separately. However, the flow regimes reflecting stage volume is missed for shale gas wells with uniform fractures. Permeability determines when the three pseudo-steady state flows happens, but doesn't change the related three volumes. Desorption doesn't change the shape of the pressure and pressure derivative curve, and it only changes the apparent drainage volume. PDP impose severe effect on shale gas well's pressure drawdown and apparent drainage volumes. Increasing the modulus results in decrease of the apparent volume being drained especially when the modulus is larger than 0.01MPa-1. Evenly spaced fracturing has lower pressure derivative and pressure drawdown than non-uniform fracturing, which means it can yield more gas production for the same amount of injected propant and fluids. Fewer stages fractures with longer half-length have lower pressure derivative and pressure drawdown, and will reach SRV boundary earlier than more stages fractures.
Optimizing Well Potential – Technologies That Impact Hydraulic Fracturing Efficiency
Authors: Rahim Zillur , Al-Kanaan Adnan , Kayumov Rifat , Al-Jalal Ziad 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Novel approaches in hydraulic fracturing treatments are needed in challenging high pressure high temperature tight gas-condensate reservoirs to achieve the objectives. The implemented technologies should not only provide substantial increment in well productivity, but also needs to be economically attractive and provide superior efficiency in terms of materials, services and time required. In the recent years many technologies were implemented in Saudi Arabia that aims to improve hydraulic fracturing efficiency and this paper focuses on the case studies and lessons learned from their implementation. Sequenced fracture diverters allow to pump multiple proppant or acid fracturing treatments in a single pumping operation, saving the cost of completion and time of wellsite operation. Channel fracturing technology mitigated the risk of screenout in proppant fracturing and enabled placing fractures with nearly infinite conductivity by pumping twice less proppant. Advances in completion technologies enabled drilling horizontal wells and completing them with multistage stimulation completions where multiple hydraulic fracturing stages can be pumped without need for any well intervention operations between the stages. Implementation of swellable packers further improves this process by providing more reliable isolation between stages. Nano-filtration combined with selection of proper additives allows usage of sea-water for the fracturing operations in the desert area where consumption of fresh water needs to be minimized. Usage of foamed fluids for fracturing operations in depleted gas reservoirs helped to minimize volume of pumped water and significantly facilitate in flowback operations, often makes possible to perform them without need for costly and time consuming coil tubing operations.
Feasibility Evaluation of Using Downhole Gas-Water Separation Technology in Gas Reservoirs with Bottom Water
Authors: Radwan M. F. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Many gas reservoirs are water driven. Water supplies an extra mechanism to produce the gas reservoir, but it can create production problems in the wellbore. These water production problems are more critical in low productivity gas wells.Water loads up the gas well, when a lot of gas remains in the reservoir.
Conventional technologies of gas well dewatering remove water from inside the wellbore without controlling water at its source.
Downhole gas-water Separation (DGWS)technolgy was developed. It separates gas from produced water inside the wellbore and injects the produced water into the disposal zone. Two types of separators have been used hydrocyclone and gravity separators.
The aim of this work is to evaluate the using of DGWS for gas wells comparing simulated performance of a conventional well. The simulation runs were made over a various range of the initial reservoir pressure and permeability values for a gas reservoir with bottom water drive.
The results show considerable incremental recovery of a DGWS over conventional - a 3.3 - fold recovery increase for reservoir with 1500 psia pressure and permeability 1 md. The study also identified the challenges during DGWS applications.
A good candidate well for DWGS installation must have a high-quality disposal zone with sustainable permeability with good vertical and mechanical isolation between the production and injection formations.
Finally, downhole gas-water separation technology has a great potential in gas well dewatering and reservoir development especially in low pressure-low permeability gas reservoirs.
Fully Dissolvable Frac Plug Using Dissolvable Elastomeric Elements
Authors: Fripp Michael , Walton Zachary 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A new degradable elastomeric element has been developed for frac plugs that enable a fully dissolvable frac plug to be used in "plug-and-perf" style hydraulic fracturing applications. The dissolvable frac plug operates similarly to a traditional frac plug and can be set anywhere in the wellbore to isolate individual zones. The performance of the degradable element has been demonstrated in laboratory testing and in field runs.
Traditional frac plugs are constructed with a traditional elastomeric rubber as the sealing element. After hydraulic fracturing is complete, traditional frac plugs restrict production flow and must be removed. Consequently, a separate intervention is required to mill out the traditional plugs after fracturing. Dissolvable metal has been developed to enable the dissolution of the rigid structural components of the frac plug. A hydrolytically degradable elastomer enables the complete elimination of all of the components of the frac plug. As a result, the novel dissolvable frac plug eliminates the need for a separate mill run intervention into the wellbore and leaves an unrestricted wellbore for production. The high-strength dissolvable elastomer enables dissolution of the seal in water-based wellbore fluid, formation fluid, or production fluid.
Comprehensive laboratory testing and field jobs have been performed with the new degradable elastomer for the dissolvable frac plug. The degradable elastomer is a polymeric material that can be compression set like a traditional element to form a seal between the mandrel and the casing. The elastomer is a hydrolytically degradable polymer, and the dissolution occurs as the wellbore fluid interacts with the crosslink bonds in the polymer. Dissolution is further enhanced by the elevated downhole formation temperature. The high-strength dissolvable elastomer enables the creation of a seal anywhere in a wellbore. The result is a new dissolvable frac plug that operates like a traditional frac plug and can be set at any position within the wellbore. Dissolvable frac plugs with degradable elastomeric seals have been used successfully in multiple shale zones in multiple countries.
The novel frac plug is designed for plug-and-perf applications and provides sealing with a new high-strength engineered elastomer that will degrade in wellbore fluid. The complete dissolution of the frac plug eliminates the need for a separate mill run intervention into the wellbore, reducing operational costs, time and risk. This paper discusses the development of the dissolvable elastomer, performance testing of the elastomer as a frac element, dissolution behavior of the elastomer, and the use of the frac plug in field applications.