bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Authors: Azevedo Ítalo Medeiros , Araújo-Filho Irami , Rêgo Amália Cínthia Meneses , Medeiros Vítor Brasil , Carvalho Marília Daniela Ferreira , Egito Eryvaldo Sócrates Tabosa , Medeiros Aldo Cunha 
Published: March 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of simvastatin in an experimental model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion, as well as in the prevention of bacterial translocation. Methods: We used Wistar rats, randomly allocated in 5 groups: C (n=10) controls; S (N=10) Shan-operated; I/R (n=10) intestinal ischemia and reperfusion; S+Sim (n=7) sham treated with simvastatin and I/R+Sim (n=7) ischemia/reperfusion treated with simvastatin. In the group S, a laparotomy and manipulation of intestinal loops were performed. In the groups I/R and I/R+Sim, the superior mesenteric artery was occluded with a vascular microclamp, the laparotomy was closed and reopened 60 minutes after for pull back the clamp. The reperfusion was confirmed by the return of the pulsation of the mesenteric arcade. The animals were sacrificed after 120 minutes of reperfusion. Simvastatin microemulsion (10mg/kg) was administered (gavage) 18 hs and 2 hours before the surgical procedure. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture for measurement of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10. One gram of spleen, liver and mesenteric lymph nodes was harvested for culture in selective means for Gram (-) and Gram (+) bacteria. A sample of terminal ileum of each animal was harvested, fixed in formalin 10% and included in paraffin. Slices were stained with hematoxilin-eosin for morphometric measurement. The damages of the intestinal samples were examined in a blind way by an experienced pathologist, in agreement with microscopic criteria for levels of aggressions based previously on a grade system. ANOVA and the post-hoc Tukey test were used, considering p<0,05 as significant. Results: We observed bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver and blood in all animals submitted to I/R, being smaller in the group I/R treated with simvastatin than in controls. In the I/R group rats the values of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher, when compared to the I/R+Sim group rats. The I/R+Sim group rats showed higher levels of IL-10, when compared with the other groups (p<0.05). The ileal segments presented macroscopic dilation and intramural hemorrhage. The microscopy revealed intense mucosa lesion in the group I/R compared to the other groups. The histopathologic findings of the I/R+Sim group rats were similar to that found in the groups C and S. Conclusion: The simvastatin contributed to reduce the bacterial translocation, the values of pro-inflammatory cytokine and to increase the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine, preserving the integrity of the intestinal epithelium in an experimental model of ischemia/reperfusion.
Lateral Ridge Augmentation with Autogenous Bone Harvested Using Trephine Drills: A Noninvasive Technique
Authors: Arab H. R. , Moeintaghavi A. , Taheri M. , Sargolzaie N. , Aghasizadeh D. , Shiezadeh F. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the success rate of a chairside ridge augmentation procedure using bone autografts harvested with trephine drills and placed without the use of screws.Methods:Thirty patients were recruited for the study. After the surgical site was anesthetized and a crestal incision was made, an envelope flap was retracted using blunt dissection limited to the graft site, and the periosteum was raised intact and undamaged from the bone. The flap was extended laterally to obtain sufficient space for the bone graft. At the donor site, bone was obtained from the external oblique ridge area. A #5 or #6 trephine drill was used to harvest one or two pieces of bone. The bone blocks were placed inside the envelope flap at the recipient site, which was then sutured and covered with periodontal dressing. Antibiotics, analgesics, and mouthwash were prescribed. Measurements of ridge width were performed using CBCT before and 3 months after surgery. The pre- and post operative results were compared using paired t test.Results:Pre- and post-operative mean ridge widths were 2.23 ± 0.79 and 5.16 ± 0.68 mm, respectively. The mean increase in width was 2.92 ± 0.89 mm(P< 0.001).Conclusion:This non-invasive and simple technique provided an acceptable increase in ridge width. As the sample was small, we recommend further clinical investigation with larger samples to confirm that this technique may be used successfully as an alternative to current invasive augmentation methods.
A Case of Anterior Chamber Cholesterolosis Due to Coats' Disease and a Review of Reported Cases
Authors: Stacey Andrew W. , Borri Melissa , Francesco Sonia De , Antenore Angela S. , Menicacci Felice , Hadjistilianou Theodora 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:
To present the case of an 18 month old boy with Coats' disease who was found to have anterior chamber cholesterolosis.

Methods:
Case presentation and review of reported cases.

Results:
An 18 month old boy presented with unilateral stage 3B Coats' disease without other clinical findings. Two weeks after presentation he returned with xanthocoria due to anterior chamber cholesterolosis. He subsequently developed hyphema, neovascular glaucoma, and was enucleated. His case is compared to all previously reported cases of Coats' disease leading to anterior chamber cholesterolosis.

Conclusion:
The presentation of anterior chamber cholesterolosis in Coats' disease can range from the incidental finding in an asymptomatic patient to acute angle closure glaucoma with pain and acutely decreased vision. Clinicians should be aware of this potential complication of Coats' disease as it denotes a poor visual prognosis.
Financial Health Soundness Measurement of Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh: An Observation of Selected Banks
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Main , Masud Abdul Kaium 
Published: March 2016

The financial sector is one of the most significant sectors for any country, especially if a country is a developing in nature. In such an environment, banking sector plays the vital role to strengthen the economic conditions. Economic growth and international business is increasing in Bangladesh and private commercial banks especially private sectors play the major roles. Thus it becomes important to measure the financial soundness of the private banks in order to judge their respective position. The study was conducted to measure the financial soundness of selected private commercial banks of Bangladesh for the period 2006-2010. In this paper, an attempt was made to analyze the financial soundness of selected banks using different statistical tools and financial indicators. The study reveals that different financial indicators showed upward trends during the period 2006 to 2010. The study also made a rank of the selected commercial banks based on financial indicators. It was found that a bank with higher deposits, loans & advances, investments, branches, employees does not always mean that has better profitability performance. The study also recommends measures that could be adopted by banks to ensure soundness in their operation.Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. 9, No. 1, 2015 pp. 20-36
Versatile utilization of real-time intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound in cranial neurosurgery: technical note and retrospective case series
Authors: Lekht Ilya , Brauner Noah , Bakhsheshian Joshua , Chang Ki-Eun , Gulati Mittul , Shiroishi Mark S. , Grant Edward G. , Christian Eisha , Zada Gabriel 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
Intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (iCEUS) offers dynamic imaging and provides functional data in real time. However, no standardized protocols or validated quantitative data exist to guide its routine use in neurosurgery. The authors aimed to provide further clinical data on the versatile application of iCEUS through a technical note and illustrative case series.

METHODS
Five patients undergoing craniotomies for suspected tumors were included. iCEUS was performed using a contrast agent composed of lipid shell microspheres enclosing perflutren (octafluoropropane) gas. Perfusion data were acquired through a time-intensity curve analysis protocol obtained using iCEUS prior to biopsy and/or resection of all lesions.

RESULTS
Three primary tumors (gemistocytic astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme, and meningioma), 1 metastatic lesion (melanoma), and 1 tumefactive demyelinating lesion (multiple sclerosis) were assessed using real-time iCEUS. No intraoperative complications occurred following multiple administrations of contrast agent in all cases. In all neoplastic cases, iCEUS replicated enhancement patterns observed on preoperative Gd-enhanced MRI, facilitated safe tumor debulking by differentiating neoplastic tissue from normal brain parenchyma, and helped identify arterial feeders and draining veins in and around the surgical cavity. Intraoperative CEUS was also useful in guiding a successful intraoperative needle biopsy of a cerebellar tumefactive demyelinating lesion obtained during real-time perfusion analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
Intraoperative CEUS has potential for safe, real-time, dynamic contrast-based imaging for routine use in neurooncological surgery and image-guided biopsy. Intraoperative CEUS eliminates the effect of anatomical distortions associated with standard neuronavigation and provides quantitative perfusion data in real time, which may hold major implications for intraoperative diagnosis, tissue differentiation, and quantification of extent of resection. Further prospective studies will help standardize the role of iCEUS in neurosurgery.
Safe use of subdermal needles for intraoperative monitoring with MRI
Authors: Darcey Terrance M. , Kobylarz Erik J. , Pearl Michael A. , Krauss Patricia J. , Ferri Stephanie A. , Roberts David W. , Bauer David F. 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to develop safe, site-specific procedures for placing and leaving subdermal needle leads for intraoperative monitoring (IOM) during intraoperative MRI procedures.

METHODS
The authors tested a variety of standard subdermal needle electrodes designed and FDA-approved for IOM in the conventional operating room. Testing was used to determine the conditions necessary to avoid thermal injury and significant image artifacts with minimal disruption of IOM and MRI procedures. Phantom testing was performed with a fiber optic (lead) temperature monitoring system and was followed by testing of leads placed in a healthy volunteer. The volunteer testing used electrode placements typical of standard IOM cases, together with radiofrequency (RF) coil placement and imaging sequences routinely employed for these case types. Lead length was investigated to assess heating effects for electrodes placed within the RF coil.

RESULTS
The authors found that conventional stainless steel (SS) and platinum/iridium (Pt/Ir) subdermal needles can be used safely without significant heating when placed outside the RF coil, and this accounts for the majority or entirety of electrode placements. When placed within the RF coil, Pt/Ir leads produced minimal image artifacts, while SS leads produced potentially significant artifacts. In phantom testing, significant heating was demonstrated in both SS and Pt/Ir leads placed within the RF coil, but only during high-resolution T2-weighted scanning. This problem was largely, but not completely, eliminated when leads were shortened to 25 cm. Human testing was unremarkable except for nonpainful heating detected in a few electrodes during thin-slice (1.5 mm) FLAIR scanning. Transient irritation (skin reddening along the needle tract) was noted at 2 of the electrodes with detectable heating.

CONCLUSIONS
The authors were satisfied with the safety of their site-specific procedures and have begun with off-label use (following institutional review board approval and obtaining patient informed consent) of tested monitoring leads in cases that combine IOM and MRI. The authors recommend that all facilities perform their own site-specific testing of monitoring leads before proceeding with their routine use.
Pituitary surgery and volumetric assessment of extent of resection: a paradigm shift in the use of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Serra Carlo , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Esposito Giuseppe , Bozinov Oliver , Pangalu Athina , Valavanis Antonios , Holzmann David , Schmid Christoph , Regli Luca 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the role of intraoperative high-field 3-T MRI (3T-iMRI) in improving the gross-total resection (GTR) rate and the extent of resection (EOR) in endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for pituitary adenomas.

METHODS
Radiological and clinical data from a prospective database were retrospectively analyzed. Volumetric measurements of adenoma volumes pre-, intraoperatively, and 3 months postoperatively were performed in a consecutive series of patients who had undergone endoscopic TSS. The quantitative contribution of 3T-iMRI was measured as a percentage of the additional rate of GTR and of the EOR achieved after 3T-iMRI.

RESULTS
The cohort consisted of 50 patients (51 operations) harboring 33 nonfunctioning and 18 functioning pituitary adenomas. Mean adenoma diameter and volume were 21.1 mm (range 5–47 mm) and 5.23 cm3 (range 0.09–22.14 cm3), respectively. According to Knosp's classification, 10 cases were Grade 0; 8, Grade 1; 17, Grade 2; 12, Grade 3; and 4, Grade 4. Gross-total resection was the surgical goal (targeted [t]GTR) in 34 of 51 operations and was initially achieved in 16 (47%) of 34 at 3T-iMRI and in 30 (88%) of 34 cases after further resection. In this subgroup, the EOR increased from 91% at 3T-iMRI to 99% at the 3-month MRI (p < 0.05). In the 17 cases in which subtotal resection (STR) had been planned (tSTR), the EOR increased from 79% to 86% (p < 0.05) and GTR could be achieved in 1 case. Intrasellar remnants were present in 20 of 51 procedures at 3T-iMRI and in only 5 (10%) of 51 procedures after further resection (median volume 0.15 cm3). Overall, the use of 3T-iMRI led to further resection in 27 (53%) of 51 procedures and permitted GTR in 15 (56%) of these 27 procedures; thus, the GTR rate in the entire cohort increased from 31% (16 of 51) to 61% (31 of 51) and the EOR increased from 87% to 95% (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The use of high-definition 3T-iMRI allowed precise visualization and quantification of adenoma remnant volume. It helped to increase GTR and EOR rates in both tGTR and tSTR patient groups. Moreover, it helped to achieve low rates of intrasellar remnants. These data support the use of 3T-iMRI to achieve maximal, safe adenoma resection.
The role of intraoperative MRI in resective epilepsy surgery for peri-eloquent cortex cortical dysplasias and heterotopias in pediatric patients
Authors: Sacino Matthew F. , Ho Cheng-Ying , Murnick Jonathan , Keating Robert F. , Gaillard William D. , Oluigbo Chima O. 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
Previous studies have demonstrated that an important factor in seizure freedom following surgery for lesional epilepsy in the peri-eloquent cortex is completeness of resection. However, aggressive resection of epileptic tissue localized to this region must be balanced with the competing objective of retaining postoperative neurological functioning. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of intraoperative MRI (iMRI) as a complement to existing epilepsy protocol techniques and to compare rates of seizure freedom and neurological deficit in pediatric patients undergoing resection of perieloquent lesions.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients who underwent resection of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) or heterotopia localized to eloquent cortex regions at the Children's National Health System between March 2005 and August 2015. Patients were grouped into two categories depending on whether they underwent conventional resection (n = 18) or iMRI-assisted resection (n = 11). Patient records were reviewed for factors including demographics, length of hospitalization, postoperative seizure freedom, postoperative neurological deficit, and need for reoperation. Postsurgical seizure outcome was assessed at the last postoperative follow-up evaluation using the Engel Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Scale.

RESULTS
At the time of the last postoperative follow-up examination, 9 (82%) of the 11 patients in the iMRI resection group were seizure free (Engel Class I), compared with 7 (39%) of the 18 patients in the control resection group (p = 0.05). Ten (91%) of the 11 patients in the iMRI cohort achieved gross-total resection (GTR), compared with 8 (44%) of 18 patients in the conventional resection cohort (p = 0.02). One patient in the iMRI-assisted resection group underwent successful reoperation at a later date for residual dysplasia, compared with 7 patients in the conventional resection cohort (with 2/7 achieving complete resection). Four (36%) of the patients in the iMRI cohort developed postoperative neurological deficits, compared with 15 patients (83%) in the conventional resection cohort (p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that in comparison with a conventional surgical protocol and technique for resection of epileptic lesions in peri-eloquent cortex, the incorporation of iMRI led to elevated rates of GTR and postoperative seizure freedom. Furthermore, this study suggests that iMRI-assisted surgeries are associated with a reduction in neurological deficits due to intraoperative damage of eloquent cortex.
GLOBULAR CLUSTERS AND SPUR CLUSTERS IN NGC 4921, THE BRIGHTEST SPIRAL GALAXY IN THE COMA CLUSTER
Authors: Lee Myung Gyoon , Jang In Sung 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We resolve a significant fraction of globular clusters (GCs) in NGC 4921, the brightest spiral galaxy in the Coma cluster. We also find a number of extended bright star clusters (star complexes) in the spur region of the arms. The latter are much brighter and bluer than those in the normal star-forming region, being as massive as 3 × 105
M
⊙. The color distribution of the GCs in this galaxy is found to be bimodal. The turnover magnitudes of the luminosity functions of the blue (metal-poor) GCs (0.70 < (V − I) ≤ 1.05) in the halo are estimated V(max) = 27.11 ± 0.09 mag and I(max) = 26.21 ± 0.11 mag. We obtain similar values for NGC 4923, a companion S0 galaxy, and two Coma cD galaxies (NGC 4874 and NGC 4889). The mean value for the turnover magnitudes of these four galaxies is I(max) = 26.25 ± 0.03 mag. Adopting M

I
(max) = −8.56 ± 0.09 mag for the metal-poor GCs, we determine the mean distance to the four Coma galaxies to be 91 ± 4 Mpc. Combining this with the Coma radial velocity, we derive a value of the Hubble constant, H
0 = 77.9 ± 3.6 km s−1 Mpc−1. We estimate the GC specific frequency of NGC 4921 to be S

N
= 1.29 ± 0.25, close to the values for early-type galaxies. This indicates that NGC 4921 is in the transition phase to S0s.
THE MOSDEF SURVEY: DYNAMICAL AND BARYONIC MASSES AND KINEMATIC STRUCTURES OF STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT 1.4 ≤ z ≤ 2.6
Authors: Price Sedona H. , Kriek Mariska , Shapley Alice E. , Reddy Naveen A. , Freeman William R. , Coil Alison L. , Groot Laura de , Shivaei Irene , Siana Brian , Azadi Mojegan , Barro Guillermo , Mobasher Bahram , Sanders Ryan L. , Zick Tom 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We present

gas kinematics for 178 star-forming galaxies at

from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field survey. We have developed models to interpret the kinematic measurements from fixed-angle multi-object spectroscopy, using structural parameters derived from Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey Hubble Space Telescope/F160W imaging. For 35 galaxies, we measure resolved rotation with a median of

. We derive dynamical masses from the kinematics and sizes and compare them to baryonic masses, with gas masses estimated from dust-corrected

star formation rates (SFRs) and the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation. When assuming that galaxies with and without observed rotation have the same median

, we find good agreement between the dynamical and baryonic masses, with a scatter of

and a median offset of

. This comparison implies a low dark matter fraction (8% within an effective radius) for a Chabrier initial mass function (IMF), and disfavors a Salpeter IMF. Moreover, the requirement that

/

should be independent of inclination yields a median value of

for galaxies without observed rotation. If, instead, we treat the galaxies without detected rotation as early-type galaxies, the masses are also in reasonable agreement (

,

). The inclusion of gas masses is critical in this comparison; if gas masses are excluded, there is an increasing trend of

/

with higher specific SFR (SSFR). Furthermore, we find indications that

decreases with increasing

SSFR for our full sample, which may reflect disk settling. We also study the Tully–Fisher relation and find that at fixed stellar mass

was higher at earlier times. At fixed baryonic mass, we observe the opposite trend. Finally, the baryonic and dynamical masses of the active galactic nuclei in our sample are also in excellent agreement, suggesting that the kinematics trace the host galaxies.
LYMAN CONTINUUM ESCAPE FRACTION OF STAR-FORMING DWARF GALAXIES AT z ∼ 1
Authors: Rutkowski Michael J. , Scarlata Claudia , Haardt Francesco , Siana Brian , Henry Alaina , Rafelski Marc , Hayes Matthew , Salvato Mara , Pahl Anthony J. , Mehta Vihang , Beck Melanie , Malkan Matthew , Teplitz Harry I. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
To date, no direct detection of Lyman continuum emission has been measured for intermediate-redshift (

) star-forming galaxies. We combine Hubble Space Telescope grism spectroscopy with GALEX UV and ground-based optical imaging to extend the search for escaping Lyman continuum to a large (∼600) sample of

low-mass (

9.3

), moderately star-forming (

≲ 10

yr−1) galaxies selected initially on Hα emission. The characteristic escape fraction of LyC from star-forming galaxies (SFGs) that populate this parameter space remains weakly constrained by previous surveys, but these faint (sub-L
⋆) SFGs are assumed to play a significant role in the reionization of neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) at high redshift

. We do not make an unambiguous detection of escaping LyC radiation from this

sample, individual non-detections to constrain the absolute Lyman continuum escape fraction,

(3σ). We measure an upper limit of

from a sample of SFGs selected on high Hα equivalent width (EW

), which are thought to be close analogs of high redshift sources of reionization. For reference, we also present an emissivity-weighted escape fraction that is useful for measuring the general contribution SFGs to the ionizing UV background. In the discussion, we consider the implications of these intermediate redshift constraints for the reionization of hydrogen in the IGM at high (

) redshift. If we assume our

SFGs, for which we measure this emissivity-weighted

, are analogs to the high redshift sources of reionization, we find it is difficult to reconcile reionization by faint (

) SFGs with a low escape fraction (

), with constraints from independent high redshift observations. If

evolves with redshift, reionization by SFGs may be consistent with observations from Planck.