bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary pattern and breast cancer risk in Japanese women: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study)
Authors: Shin Sangah , Saito Eiko , Inoue Manami , Sawada Norie , Ishihara Junko , Takachi Ribeka , Nanri Akiko , Shimazu Taichi , Yamaji Taiki , Iwasaki Motoki , Sasazuki Shizuka , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEvidence that diet is associated with breast cancer risk is inconsistent. Most of the studies have focused on risks associated with specific foods and nutrients, rather than overall diet. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and breast cancer risk in Japanese women. A total of 49 552 Japanese women were followed-up from 1995 to 1998 (5-year follow-up survey) until the end of 2012 for an average of 14·6 years. During 725 534 person-years of follow-up, 718 cases of breast cancer were identified. We identified three dietary patterns (prudent, westernised and traditional Japanese). The westernised dietary pattern was associated with a 32 % increase in breast cancer risk (hazard ratios (HR) 1·32; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·70;Ptrend=0·04). In particular, subjects with extreme intake of the westernised diet (quintile (Q) Q5_5th) had an 83 % increase in risk of breast cancer in contrast to those in the lowest Q1 (HR 1·83; 95 % CI 1·25, 2·68;Ptrend=0·01). In analyses stratified by menopausal status, postmenopausal subjects in the highest quintile of the westernised dietary pattern had a 29 % increased risk of breast cancer (HR 1·29; 95 % CI 0·99, 1·76;Ptrend=0·04). With regard to hormone receptor status, the westernised dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of oestrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positivetumours (HR 2·49; 95 % CI 1·40, 4·43;Ptrend<0·01). The other dietary patterns were not associated with the risk of breast cancer in Japanese women. A westernised dietary pattern is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in Japanese women.
Mite choice generates sex- and size-biased infection inDrosophila hydei
Authors: CAMPBELL ERIN O. , LUONG LIEN T. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYHeterogeneities in parasite infection among conspecific hosts often manifest as sex- or size-biased infections, which are typically attributed to differential host susceptibility and exposure. Since parasite fitness is often tied to host quality, host preference by parasites is likely to be under strong selection. We test the hypothesis that host preference is sufficient to generate variability in infection rate among conspecifics. Specifically, we ask whether the miteMacrocheles muscaedomesticaeis able to discriminate betweenDrosophila hydeihosts of different sex and size, while explicitly accounting for the potential confounding effects of these two factors. Our results indicate a preference for female hosts, but this preference appears to be driven by size and not sexper se. When differences in body size were controlled for, the sex-biased infection disappeared, while mites presented with the choice of two female flies of disparate sizes were more likely to select the larger host. Across the distribution of fly body weight in this study, mites preferentially attached to flies of intermediate size. This study provides evidence that mite choice for certain host types can play an important role in parasite transmission, even in the absence of differential susceptibility or exposure among hosts.
“Who are you in this body?”: Identifying demons and the path to deliverance in a London Pentecostal church
Authors: Rowan Kirsty 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article is an examination of the interaction between evangelists and participants of a demonic deliverance (exorcism) ceremony in a London, UK Pentecostal church. The data is taken from an online recording and transcribed using conversation analysis conventions. A familiar feature of exorcism practice is the initial demand for the demon's identity. This study suggests that the importance of asking this question is due to it being procedurally strategic in modelling a performative path of the deliverance ceremony, which results in ritual efficacy. In particular, it is proposed that the omission of the question asking for the identity of the demon causes the deliverance path to become temporarily disrupted. This disruption is the result of a loss of thematic mapping between adverse life events and the causal agency within this specific sphere of sociocultural activity. (Religion, exorcism, possession, diaspora, spirits)*
On the Older Parian Formation in Trinidad
Authors: Guppy R. Lechmere 
Published: March 2016

In the Report on the Geology of Trinidad the Government geologists described a series of sandstones and shales extending across the island from east to west, and occupying an extent of about 97 square miles. The distribution of the formation, which has been named the “Older Parian,” is in the manner of an irregular band of from 1 to 4 miles in breadth, traversing the island in an easterly direction from the Gulf of Paria at Pointe à Pierre. This band terminates rather abruptly before reaching the east coast, but the formation reappears here and there near the south coast along a line parallel to the main band. The formation is only exposed for a short distance on the shores of the Gulf of Paria; but it has been found to cover a large area, and to be extensively developed on the continent of South America. The fossils found by the geologists in Trinidad seem to have been few, and for the most part indeterminable. They however obtained fossils from the same formation at Cumana, in Venezuela; and these remains led to the belief that the Older Parian was probably of Neocomian age. During a short visit to Pointe à Pierre I obtained several fossils, which have enabled me to make the observations detailed in the present paper.The section given by the Government geologists of the Older Parian deposits at Pointe à Pierre is taken on the south side of the point, which I have not had an opportunity of examining carefully. The geologists do not seem to be able to give much attention to that portion of the deposits which is exposed on the north side of the point, and I hope that the present paper, in so far at least as it relates to the fossils, may in some measure supply the deficiency.
On Didymodon, a New Genus of Minute Artiodactyle Mammalia, from the Eocene of Vaucluse
Authors: Blake Charles Carter 
Published: March 2016

Since the original foundation of the genus Dichobune by Cuvier, and the critical observations made thereon by Owen, the national collection has continued to receive new accessions, indicating the existence of a certain range of variation in the molars of that genus.The specimen (No. 30673) in the British Museum collection, is figured in Plate II., by Mr. Mackie. It consists of the three molars of the right side of a species of small quadruped closely resembling Dichobune. The length of the fractured ramus containing these teeth, of which the inner aspect is exposed to the observer, measures 27mm.; its greatest vertical depth between the penultimate and last molar being 11mm.The last molar (m 3) measures 7mm. in length, and 4 in breadth. Its form is quadricuspid; the two outward cusps being least eroded; from the ectoposterior cusp is developed a slight basal talon, extending towards the entoposterior cusp, which is the smallest of the four, pyramidal, and acuminate; the entoanterior cusp is larger, and is tipped with a small exposed ring of enamel; the ectoanterior cusp is much worn; there is no trace of the distinct hinder lobe of Xiphodon, which lobe in the Dichobune (sp. ?) from Hordwell, marked 29714 in the British Museum, exhibits a well-marked bicuspid division, having the effect of rendering the ultimate molar in that specimen virtually hexacuspid, to a greater extent than in the Dichobune ovina.
Notes on a New Mass of Meteoric Iron from the Cordillera of Copiapo, Chile
Authors: Bollaert Wm. 
Published: March 2016

This was found by a muleteer, in June, 1858, when passing the Cordillera from Catamarca to Copiapo, and brought by him to the latter city. He took it to be a rodado, or piece of silver-ore that had been broken from a vein and rounded by being washed with stones, say in the bed of a river; but on its being examined by Dr. David Garcia (a pupil of Domeyko), at Copiapo, he pronounced it to be a mass of meteoric iron,Dr. D. Garcia is the manager of the “Transito“ maquina or silver amalgamating works, and has this specimen in his possession.
On a Fossil Elephant from Texas (E. Texianus)
Authors: Blake Charles Carter 
Published: March 2016

The existence of a fossil species of true elephant distinct from Elephas primigenius in America has been only of late years brought under the notice of palæontologists. I have slightly alluded to the subject in the ‘Geologist,’ Vol. IV. p. 470. For many years remains of true Elephant have been found with those of Mastodon at various spots within the New World.Cuvier (‘Ossements Fossiles,’ ed. 1834, vol. ii. p. 145) mentions only one species of American elephant, the remains of which had been discovered in Kentucky, Carolina, Ohio, Mexico, Louisiana, Virginia, and Maryland.De Blainville (‘Ostéographie,’ Eléphans, p. 157: Atlas, pl. x.) alludes to a tooth of fossil elephant from Texas, which is apparently referable to Elephas primigenius. He also mentions other remains from Mexico, Mississippi, Carolina, Kentucky, Ohio, Maryland, Virginia, and Behring's Straits.
Deep Sinking for Coal in the Wyre Forest Coal-Field
Authors: Roberts George E. 
Published: March 2016

Some other memoranda which I find among my papers relating to this work (for a section of which, with particulars of shaft-sinking, see “Geologist” of last month) may not be unacceptable to your coal-mining readers.The spot where the shaft was sunk was 476 feet above the level of the Severn Valley Railway at Eymoor, and about 510 feet above the ordinary height of the River Severn, from which it was distant about two miles. The coal seam met with and worked at the depth of 176 yards, has in other parts of the coal-field a thickness of four feet. The colliers regard it as a Flying Reed (red?) coal. Two of the thin coal-seams afterwards sunk through were entirely made up of the remains of Sigillariæ; the coal, in consequence, was “long grained” and slaty. These Sigillarian coals have a considerable range through the Wyre Forest field, and in common with most of the other seams, crop out along the western border. At the Baginswood pits, in the north-west corner of the coal·field, the upper coal, two feet four inches in thickness, worked by hand-draw, being only ten yards from surface, is a most interesting seam, made up entirely of compressed Sigillariæ.
On the Distribution of Mastodon in South America
Authors: Blake Charles Carter 
Published: March 2016

One of the greatest and most significant laws which modern palæontology has unfolded to us, is that principle by which it is definitively ascertained that, as a general rule, the animals of the Post-Pliocene, and indeed all the later Tertiary ages, were restricted to the same great geographical provinces as their representatives in the existing fauna. Amongst the Pliocene Mammalia of South America, we find the same preponderance of the Edentata, the same family of prehensile-tailed Monkeys, and the same typical Llamas and Vicuñas, as we find in the present pampas of La Plata, forests of Brazil, or elevations of the Andes.But we also find animals which, from all our previous pre-conceived associations, we had considered peculiar to the old world. The Elephants, of which one species (E. Africanus) now exists in Africa, a second (E. Indicus) in India, and a third (E. Sumatranus) in Sumatra and Ceylon, apart from the extensive and widely-distributed evidences which we find of their fossil remains in Europe, India, China, and Australia, extended their geographical province in the later Tertiary age over the whole of North America. The species of elephant which we find in Siberia (E. primigenius) has also been found over the whole of the space lately marked on our maps as the United States. South of the 30th degree of N. Iatitude it however gives place to a totally different species of true Elephant (Elephas Texianus, Owen, E. Columbi? Falconer), the molars of which, by their less degree of complexity, were more adapted to triturate the soft succulent herbage of Texas and Mexico. Besides these true Elephants, there existed in North America many individuals of the genus Mastodon, to which the present communication more particularly alludes.
A Christmas Lecture on “Coal”
Authors: Salter J. W. 
Published: March 2016

In our last lecture stress was laid on the fact that coal-beds, unlike mineral veins, are stratified—not injected, or filling cracks in the earth as metals do. And when we use the term stratified, we mean that the materials we are considering—coal, ironstone, sandstone, clay, shale—were all deposited sheet over sheet, layer over layer, principally by the agency of water.In scarcely any other way, except by water, can we conceive of materials being spread abroad over vast surfaces, in that even and regular manner which we call “stratified.” As a rule, the matters ejected from the mouths of fiery volcanos are only rudely heaped up, and unless they fall into the sea, do not undergo this smoothing, spreading-out process. The sand of the soa-shore however, and the pebbles on its margin, and the mud of its great depths, are truly “stratified;” and if a fertile plain, or a marshy district were submerged in the waters, the materials on that surface would be soon covered over by the ooze and sand and shingle, and would then be said to be “interstratified” with them. In this way coal-beds occur among beds of sandstone and other rocks.It is seldom that any coal-field contains more than twenty-five or thirty workable seams: and perhaps these altogether do not amount to above eighty or one hundred feet at the utmost, while in South Wales the coal strata are twelve thousand feet thick. The mass, you see, is rock.
On the Marine Shells of the South Wales Coal-Basin
Authors: Bevan G. P. 
Published: March 2016

Until of late years, the South Wales coal-field was considered to be very barren in fossils, and those few which were known were all thought to be of land or fresh-water origin. During my endeavours to work out the geology of this district for the last four years, I have, however, discovered sufficient to redeem it from such a reproach, and to prove that not only are there fossils, but that these are even in great numbers and variety.The basin, which occupies portions of Monmouthshire, Glamorganshire, Breconshire, and Carmarthenshire, may be separated into two great divisions, both geologically and chemically. The first is the division into upper and lower coal-measures, separated by a thick mass of Pennant sandstone, or grit, while the chemical is the division into bituminous and anthracitic coals. The upper measures are principally found in Glamorgan and Carmarthenshires, the only coal-seam of that series in Monmouthshire, being known as the Mynyddswlyn vein. Westward of the Taff, however, which is the boundary between the two countries, the upper measures appear more frequently, and in more regular sequence; while, in Carmarthenshire, we obtain a complete section of these beds down to the Pennant rock, in the neighbourhoods of Llanelly, Penllergare, and Lloughor. The middle, or Pennant rock series attains its greatest development at Swansea, where it is 3,000 feet in thickness, and presents several important beds of coal; but in the eastern portion of this field they are very much thinner, and contain little or no workable coal. The summits of the hills which bound the parallel valleys on the north crop, are nearly all capped with this grit, which adds much to the peculiar configuration of the country, and gives a certain identity of outline to its general features.
The Oyster Conglomerate Bed at Bromley, in Kent
Authors: Gibb George D. 
Published: March 2016

There are many localities around London which possess features of interest to the geologist, that can be reached and examined on a single day. Such a one is the pretty little town of Bromley, in Kent, with a population of 4,000 souls, at a distance of ten miles from London Bridge, and now within easy reach by the Mid Kent Railway, only just opened. A mile to the north-east of Bromley is Sunderidge Park, in which is to be seen a section of the well-known oyster-conglomerato rock, in a large pit which, together with the accompanying shingle, has been quarried for various purposes for many years. This spot is noticed by Dr. Mantell in his charming volumes, as one of the most interesting localities he was acquainted with. At and around Bromley is an area of some extent, formed by the Lower London Tertiaries; a small patch of chalk, however, crops out to the east of the town, in which are some ancient quarries. One of these possesses some interest from being underground, and containing, as I was informed, several intricate windings.The London clay, with the underlying plastic or Woolwich clays, and Tnanet sands, constitute the lower division of the Eocene strata of the Tertiary group of rocks. The London clay extends over several counties of England, constituting a large part of the soil of Essex, nearly the whole of Middlesex, and portions of Berkshire, Surrey, and Kent.
The Common Fossils of the British Rocks
Authors: Mackie S. J. 
Published: March 2016

Obscure as are the animal remains of these old Lingula-flags, the traces of vegetation are yet more difficult to make out and to describe. Easier, too, are they to describe than to figure; for, mere shallow impressions and stains as they are upon the cleaved rock, it is easier to see their remote resemblances to some known forms than to convey an idea of them by the finest lines that the graver will cut upon the wood. And then how unsatisfactory to spend days in elaborating the representation of a mere fragment, the very characters of which we are in doubt about.We shall shortly present our readers, however, with figures of the most illustrative specimens we can obtain of those sea-weeds of the primeval shores, the Cruziana semiplicata, the Chondrites (?) acutangulus, and Chondrites (?) informis.
Development and validation of a photographic food atlas for portion size assessment in the southern plains of Nepal
Authors: Harris-Fry Helen , Paudel Puskar , Karn Manorama , Mishra Nisha , Thakur Juhi , Paudel Vikas , Harrisson Tom , Shrestha Bhim , Manandhar Dharma S , Costello Anthony , Cortina-Borja Mario , Saville Naomi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a photographic food atlas of common foods for dietary assessment in southern Nepal.DesignWe created a life-sized photographic atlas of forty locally prepared foods. Between March and June 2014, data collectors weighed portion sizes that respondents consumed during one mealtime and then a different data collector revisited the household the next day to record respondents’ estimations of their previous day’s intakes using the atlas. Validity was assessed by percentage error, Cohen’s weighted kappa (κw) and Bland–Altman limits of agreement.SettingDhanusha and Mahottari districts in southern Nepal.SubjectsA random sample of ninety-five adults in forty-eight rural households with a pregnant woman.ResultsOverall, respondents underestimated their intakes (mean error =−4·5 %). Rice anddal(spiced lentil soup) intakes were underestimated (−14·1 % and −34·5 %, respectively), but vegetable curry intake was overestimated (+20·8 %). Rice and vegetable curry portion size images were significantly reliably selected (Cohen’sκw(se): rice=0·391 (0·105); vegetable curry=0·430 (0·139)), whereasdalimages were not. Energy intake over one mealtime was under-reported by an average of 569 kJ (136 kcal; 4·5 % error) using recall compared with the weighing method.ConclusionsThe photographic atlas is a useful tool for field estimation of dietary intake. Average errors were low, and there was ‘modest’ agreement between weighed and recalled portion size image selection of rice and vegetable curry food items. Error in energy estimation was low but with wide limits of agreement, suggesting that there is scope for future work to reduce error further.
A Bowman–Birk inhibitor induces apoptosis in human breast adenocarcinoma through mitochondrial impairment and oxidative damage following proteasome 20S inhibition
Authors: Mehdad A , Xavier Reis G , Souza AA , Barbosa JARG , Ventura MM , de Freitas SM 
Published: March 2016

AbstractProteasome inhibitors are emerging as a new class of chemopreventive agents and have gained huge importance as potential pharmacological tools in breast cancer treatment. Improved understanding of the role played by proteases and their specific inhibitors in humans offers novel and challenging opportunities for preventive and therapeutic intervention. In this study, we demonstrated that the Bowman–Birk protease inhibitor from Vigna unguiculata seeds, named black-eyed pea trypsin/chymotrypsin Inhibitor (BTCI), potently suppresses human breast adenocarcinoma cell viability by inhibiting the activity of proteasome 20S. BTCI induced a negative growth effect against a panel of breast cancer cells, with a concomitant cytostatic effect at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and an increase in apoptosis, as observed by an augmented number of cells at the sub-G1 phase and annexin V-fluorescin isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) staining. In contrast, BTCI exhibited no cytotoxic effect on normal mammary epithelial cells. Moreover, the increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential in cells treated with BTCI indicated mitochondrial damage as a crucial cellular event responsible for the apoptotic process. The higher activity of caspase in tumoral cells treated with BTCI in comparison with untreated cells suggests that BTCI induces apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. BTCI affected NF-kB target gene expression in both non invasive and invasive breast cancer cell lines, with the effect highly pronounced in the invasive cells. An increased expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in both cell lines was also observed. Taken together, these results suggest that BTCI promotes apoptosis through ROS-induced mitochondrial damage following proteasome inhibition. These findings highlight the pharmacological potential and benefit of BTCI in breast cancer treatment.