bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clues to immune function and oncogenesis provided by events that activate the cell cycle machinery in normal human T cells
Authors: Chitko-McKown Carol G , Modiano Jaime F 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A common feature seen in states of decreased immune competence or immunosuppression and in diseases of the blood, such as lymphohematopoietic cancers, is the disruption of the normal pathways of cell cycle control. In lymphocytes a series of nonlinear biochemical cascades leads to cellular proliferation and also controls the production of cytokines that provide immunologic help (i.e., aid in B and T cell proliferation, maturation, and differentiation). These two distinct outcomes can be dissociated, as stimuli that incite production of cytokines need not lead to cell division, and conversely, exogenously provided cytokines may promote lymphocyte proliferation. The signals that induce production of cytokines, particularly interleukin-2, have been extensively characterized. It also is known that the fidelity of cell cycle progression is dependent on a regulatory network whose key components include cyclin-dependent kinases and cyclins. This review describes the current state of knowledge linking the antigen receptor response pathways and the activation of the cell cycle machinery in T cells.
IL-12-induced tumor regression correlates with in situ activity of IFN-γ produced by tumor-infiltrating cells and its secondary induction of anti-tumor pathways
Authors: Yu Wen-Gong , Ogawa Makoto , Mu Jie , Umehara Kazunari , Tsujimura Takahiro , Fujiwara Hiromi , Hamaoka Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Administration of recombinant interleukin-12 (rIL-12) into CSA1M fibrosarcoma-bearing mice results in complete regression of growing tumors. This tumor regression is associated with massive lymphoid cell infiltration to tumor sites and is completely blocked by injection of anti-interferon-γ (IFN-γ) monoclonal antibody (mAb). We investigated whether anti-IFN-γ mAb exerts its suppressive effect on tumor regression by blocking the IL-12-induced lymphoid cell migration to tumor sites or by inhibiting the secondary effects of IFN-γ produced by infiltrating cells. Injection of anti-IFN-γ mAb to CSA1M-bearing mice before IL-12 treatment prevented the induction of tumor regression, whereas this treatment affected only marginally the infiltration of lymphoid cells to tumor masses. In accordance with this, IFN-γ mRNA was expressed inside tumor masses by infiltrating cells after IL-12 therapy irrespective of whether anti-IFN-γ mAb was injected. However, anti-IFN-γ mAb treatment almost completely abrogated the in situ expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as IFN-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) genes as examples of IFN-γ-inducible genes. Immunohistochemical analyses also revealed that the expression of iNOS protein was completely inhibited by anti-IFN-γ injection. These results suggest that the implementation of in situ IFN-γ activity and its secondary induction of antitumor pathways such as iNOS and IP-10 expression are important processes in the IL-12-induced tumor regression.
Adenosine A3 receptor stimulation inhibits migration of human eosinophils
Authors: Knight Darryl , Zheng Xueyan , Rocchini Corinne , Jacobson Marlene , Bai Tony , Walker Blair 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Activation of adenosine A3 receptors (A3-R) produced a dose-dependent reduction in the chemotaxis of human eosinophils to platelet-activating factor (PAF), RANTES, and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) to a maximum of 58,48, and 52%, respectively (P &lt; 0.02). This effect was completely reversed by selective A3-R antagonists. In contrast, activation of A1 or A2a-R did not affect PAF-induced eosinophil chemotaxis. PAF upregulated the expression of CD11b/CD18, down-regulated L-selectin, and also increased F-actin assembly in eosinophils. The expression of these activation markers was not influenced by A3-R, A2a, or A1-R stimulation. Activation of A3-R may play an important role in inflammation by inhibiting eosinophil migration.
Relationship of ligand-receptor dynamics to actin polymerization in RBL-2H3 cells transfected with the human formyl peptide receptor
Authors: Hall Anne L , Wilson Bridget S , Pfeiffer Janet R , Oliver Janet M , Sklar Larry A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The human formyl peptide receptor (FPR) expressed in RBL-2H3 transfectants (RBLFPR) behaves qualitatively like the FPR expressed by neutrophils except that it causes sustained F-actin accumulation and cell shape change responses on formyl peptide stimulation. These sustained responses were not accounted for by changes in the transfected receptor's ability to interact with ligand or by receptor density. Signal transduction pathways of transfected and neutrophil FPRs are apparently similar. In transfected cells, dissociation of ligand is sensitive to guanine nucleotide, the G protein is pertussis toxin-sensitive, FPR and G protein appear to be precoupled, the F-actin response is stimulated with the same dose-response profile as in neutrophils, and the F-actin accumulation response is directly regulated by the FPR, even long after initial stimulation. Potentially significant differences between neutrophil and transfected FPR were found when receptor processing was measured. In neutrophils, practically 100% of the FPR is converted to forms that dissociate slowly from ligand and are inactive in signal transduction within 2 min of ligand stimulation. By contrast, 20% or more of transfected FPR remains rapidly dissociating even 5 min after stimulation. Although 80% of neutrophil FPR is internalized by 5 min after stimulation, transfected FPR appears to plateau at 50–60% internalized. Because actin responses in neutrophils are regulated by a small number of active receptors, the inefficiency of receptor inactivation in RBLFPR transfectants may account for the prolonged F-actin accumulation response.
Regulation and function of the CXC chemokine ENA-78 in monocytes and its role in disease
Authors: Walz Alfred , Schmutz Peter , Mueller Christoph , Schnyder-Candrian Silvia 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Epithelial neutrophil-activating protein 78 (ENA-78) is a member of the CXC chemokines and acts as a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophil function. On stimulation in vitro, ENA-78 is highly expressed in many cell types. ENA-78 protein levels are strongly elevated in synovial fluid and blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. By in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence staining, ENA-78 has been recognized as a major CXC chemokine expressed in epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and acute appendicitis. A high expression of ENA-78 and interleukin-8 (IL-8) was also observed in the exocrine tissue of patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). It is interesting to note that expression of IP-10, MlP-1α, and MCP-1 is high in healthy pancreatic tissue but low in tissue of patients with CP, suggesting a mutually exclusive expression of the ELR-CXC vs. non-ELR-CXC/CC chemokines. High-resolution studies of intracellular chemokines has revealed specific immunoreactivity for ENA-78 associated with the endoplasmic reticulum of many cell types. In contrast, GROα immunoreactivity was exclusively localized in the nucleus. Despite their common effects on neutrophil functions, the differential intracellular localization of ENA-78 and GROα suggests additional roles for these two chemokines in normal cell biology.
Role of the monocyte chemoattractant protein and eotaxin subfamily of chemokines in allergic inflammation
Authors: Luster Andrew D , Rothenberg Marc E 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Allergic inflammation is characterized by the tissue accumulation and activation of leukocytes rich in eosinophils. During these responses, there is marked induction of specific chemokines that are involved in regulating the recruitment and activation of these inflammatory cells. A subfamily of CC (or β) chemokines composed of macrophage chemoattractant proteins (MCP) and eotaxin have emerged as cytokines involved in the recruitment and activation of the cells seen in allergic reactions. We now show that these chemokines are strikingly related in chromosomal location, gene structure, primary protein sequence, biological activity, and receptor usage. We also show that these chemokines are differentially regulated in human and animal models of allergic disease and perform distinct roles in vivo. We propose that this subfamily of chemokines plays a fundamental role in the development of allergic responses.
Cloning and functional characterization of a novel human CC chemokine that binds to the CCR3 receptor and activates human eosinophils
Authors: White John R , Imburgia Christina , Dul Edward , Appelbaum Edward , O'Donnell Kevin , O'Shannessy Daniel J , Brawner Mary , Fornwald Jim , Adamou John , Elshourbagy Nabil A , Kaiser Kate , Foley James J , Schmidt Dulcie B , Johanson Kyung , Macphee Colin , Moores Kitty , McNulty Dean , Scott Gilbert F , Schleimer Robert P , Sarau Henry M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Eotaxin has been found to bind exclusively to a single chemokine receptor, CCR3. Using expression sequence tag screening of an activated monocyte library, a second chemokine has been identified; it was expressed and purified from a Drosophila cell culture system and appears to only activate CCR3. Eotaxin-2, MPIF-2, or CKβ-6, is a human CC chemokine with low amino acid sequence identity to other chemo- kines. Eotaxin-2 promotes chemotaxis and Ca2+ mobilization in human eosinophils but not in neutrophils or monocytes. Cross-desensitization calcium mobilization experiments using purified eosinophils indicate that eotaxin and MCP-4, but not RANTES, MIP-lα, or MCP-3, can completely cross-desensitize the calcium response to eotaxin-2 on these cells, indicating that eotaxin-2 shares the same receptor used by eotaxin and MCP-4. Eotaxin-2 was the most potent eosinophil chemoattractant of all the chemokines tested. Eotaxin-2 also displaced 125I-eotaxin bound to the cloned CCR3 stably expressed in CHO cells (CHO-CCR3) and to freshly isolated human eosinophils with affinities similar to eotaxin and MCP-4. l25I-Eotaxin-2 binds with high affinity to eosinophils and both eotaxin and cold eotaxin-2 displace the ligand with equal affinity. Eotaxin and eotaxin-2 promote a Ca2+ transient in RBL-2H3 cells stably transfected with CCR3 (RBL-2H3-CCR3) and both ligands cross-desensitized the response of the other but not the response to LTD4. The data indicate that eotaxin-2 is a potent eosinophil chemotactic chemokine exerting its activity solely through the CCR3 receptor.
Role of MCP-1 and RANTES in inflammation and progression to fibrosis during murine crescentic nephritis
Authors: Lloyd Clare M , Dorf Martin E , Proudfoot Amanda , Salant David J , Gutierrez-Ramos Jose-Carlos 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The involvement of chemokines in inflammation is well established but their functional role in disease progression, and particularly in the development of fibrosis, is not yet understood. We have investigated the functional role that the chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and RANTES play in inflammation and the progression to fibrosis during crescentic nephritis. During this disease inflammatory infiltrates are observed within glomeruli and interstitium in conjunction with increased expression of MCP-1 and RANTES and a decrease in renal function. Disease progression is marked by formation of glomerular crescents and the deposition of type I collagen. Blocking the function of MCP-1 or RANTES resulted in significant decreases in proteinuria as well as numbers of infiltrating leukocytes, indicating that both MCP-1 and RANTES play an important role in the inflammatory phase of crescentic nephritis. In particular, neutralization of MCP-1, but not RANTES, resulted in a dramatic decrease in glomerular crescent formation and deposition of type I collagen. These results highlight a novel role for MCP-1 in crescent formation and development of interstitial fibrosis and indicate that in addition to recruiting inflammatory cells this chemokine is critically involved in irreversible tissue damage.
MIP-1α and MCP-1 differentially regulate acute and relapsing autoimmune encephalomyelitis as well as Th1/Th2 lymphoctye differentiation
Authors: Karpus William J , Kennedy Kevin J 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small-molecular-weight cytokines that induce chemotaxis and chemokinesis of leukocytes. These molecules are ligands for seven-transmembrane, G-protein-linked receptors and are known to activate integrins on the surface of leukocytes and other cells as well as induce a number of signaling events. They play a significant role in the migration of leukocytes from blood into tissue during inflammatory processes. We tested the role of chemokines in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and found that macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MlP-1α) correlated with acute disease development, whereas monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) did not. In contrast, MCP-1 production in the central nervous system correlated with relapsing EAE development. Moreover, anti-MIP-1α, but not anti-MCP-1, inhibited development of acute but not relapsing EAE, whereas anti-MCP-1 significantly reduced the severity of relapsing EAE. To test the effects of chemokines on the differentiation of naive T cells, TCR transgenic splenic T cells (Tg+ T cells) from DO11.10 OVA TCR transgenic mice were used as a source of Th0 cells and were stimulated with specific anti-clonotypic monoclonal antibodies in the presence of MIP-1α, MCP-1, or controls. MIP-1α drove Th0 cells to differentiate to Th1, whereas MCP-1 drove Th0 cells to differentiate to Th2. Similarly, MCP-1, but not MlP-1α significantly inhibited the adoptive transfer of EAE when included in in vitro activation cultures, further suggesting a regulatory anti-inflammatory property. These results suggest a differential role for CC chemokines in the development and activation of T cells during autoimmune inflammatory diseases.
Role of intravoxel incoherent motion MRI in early assessment of the response of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to chemoradiotherapy: A pilot study
Authors: Zheng Huanhuan , Ren Wei , Pan Xia , Zhang Qinglei , Liu Baorui , Liu Song , He Jian , Zhou Zhengyang 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundSince definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is standard therapy for inoperable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), early evaluation of treatment response is crucial for patients and would be useful in assessing response, especially in patients with severe side effects.PurposeTo explore the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI in the early assessment of treatment response to CRT.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwenty‐three inoperable ESCC patients.SequenceIVIM 3T MRI of nine b values (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 500 and 800 s/mm2) was performed at four timepoints: pre‐CRT (within 5 days before CRT), mid‐CRT (2–3 weeks after the start of CRT), end‐CRT (within 5 days after the end of CRT), and post‐CRT (1 month after the end of CRT).AssessmentIVIM‐based parameters and ADC were analyzed independently by two radiologists and treatment response was assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST).Statistical TestsAnalyses of variance for repeated measurements were conducted to observe dynamic changes of IVIM‐based parameters (D, f, and D*) and ADC during CRT. The parameters and their change percentages (Δ%) were compared between complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) by Mann–Whitney U‐test. Diagnostic performance of parameters in predicting response was tested with receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsADC, D, and f increased significantly during CRT (P < 0.001, < 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). ADC, f, Δ%ADC, and Δ%D at mid‐CRT in CR group were significantly higher than those in the PR group (P = 0.002, 0.013, 0.005, and 0.011, respectively). D combined with f and ADC had highest area under curve (0.917) in identifying CR from PR.Data ConclusionIVIM parameters proved useful in assessing response to definitive concurrent CRT for inoperable ESCC and combined with ADC at an early stage of treatment was a good predictor of response.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2018;48:349–358.
Retinoblastoma, the visible CNS tumor: A review
Authors: Dimaras Helen , Corson Timothy W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe pediatric ocular cancer retinoblastoma is the only central nervous system (CNS) tumor readily observed without specialized equipment: it can be seen by, and in, the naked eye. This accessibility enables unique imaging modalities. Here, we review this cancer for a neuroscience audience, highlighting these clinical and research imaging options, including fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. We also discuss the subtype of retinoblastoma driven by the MYCN oncogene more commonly associated with neuroblastoma, and consider trilateral retinoblastoma, in which an intracranial tumor arises along with ocular tumors in patients with germline RB1 gene mutations. Retinoblastoma research and clinical care can offer insights applicable to CNS malignancies, and also benefit from approaches developed elsewhere in the CNS.
Combining color chart, colorimetric measurement and chemical compounds for postharvest quality of white wine grapes
Authors: Sollazzo Marco , Baccelloni Simone , D'Onofrio Claudio , Bellincontro Andrea 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis paper provides data for the potential use of a color chart to establish the best quality of white wine grapes destined for postharvest processing. Grechetto, Vermentino and Muscat of Alexandria white wine grape varieties were tested by sampling berries at different dates during their quality attribute evolution. A color chart and reflectance spectrocolorimeter were used in combination with analyses of total carotenoids and chlorophylls in all three varieties and of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Grechetto alone.RESULTSTotal carotenoids decreased from 0.85 to 0.76 µg g−1 in Grechetto berries and from 0.70 to 0.46 µg g−1 in Vermentino berries while increased from 0.70 to 0.80 µg g−1 in Muscat berries during ripening. Total chlorophylls decreased in all varieties, and a strict correlation was found between hue angle (measured by color chart or spectrocolorimeter) and chlorophyll disappearance, with R2 ranging from 0.81 to 0.95 depending on the variety. VOCs were only measured in Grechetto grapes, and a significant increase in glycosylation was found with ripening. The concentration of different classes of VOCs exhibited a clear decrease during ripening, except for terpenoids and esters which showed a peak at the beginning. The benzenoid class reached the highest concentration, which was almost 50% of the total. Cluster analysis using Ward's method enabled the best grape quality to be identified.CONCLUSIONThis experimental work highlights that a color chart is cheap and easy to use to define the right quality stage for white wine grapes. The color chart enabled the enochemical features to be matched with the VOC results for the aromatic maturity of Grechetto. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison between core–shell and totally porous particle stationary phases for fast and green LC determination of five hepatitis‐C antiviral drugs
Authors: Ibrahim Adel Ehab , Hashem Hisham , Elhenawee Magda , Saleh Hanaa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe performances of core–shell 2.7 μm and fully porous sub‐2 μm particles packed in narrow diameter columns were compared under the same chromatographic conditions. The stationary phases were compared for fast separation and determination of five new antiviral drugs; daclatasvir, sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, simeprevir, and ledipasvir. The gradient elution was done using ethanol as green organic modifier, which is more environmentally friendly. Although both columns provided very good resolution of the five drugs, core–shell particles had proven to be of better efficiency. Under gradient elution conditions, core–shell particles exhibited faster elution, better peak shape, and enhanced resolution adding to lower system backpressure. The column backpressure on sub‐2 μm particles was more than twice that on core–shell particles. This gives a chance to use conventional high‐performance liquid chromatography conditions without needing special instrumentation as that required for ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography. The method was validated for determination of the five drugs by gradient elution using mobile phase composed of organic modifier ethanol and aqueous part containing 0.75 g sodium octane sufonate and 3.0 g sodium dihydrogen phosphate per liter at pH of 6.15. Detection was done using UV‐detector set at 210 nm. The linearity, accuracy, and precision were found very good within the concentration range of 2–200 μg/mL.
Molecular processes underlying synergistic linuron mineralization in a triple‐species bacterial consortium biofilm revealed by differential transcriptomics
Authors: Albers Pieter , Weytjens Bram , De Mot René , Marchal Kathleen , Springael Dirk 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe proteobacteria Variovorax sp. WDL1, Comamonas testosteroni WDL7, and Hyphomicrobium sulfonivorans WDL6 compose a triple‐species consortium that synergistically degrades and grows on the phenylurea herbicide linuron. To acquire a better insight into the interactions between the consortium members and the underlying molecular mechanisms, we compared the transcriptomes of the key biodegrading strains WDL7 and WDL1 grown as biofilms in either isolation or consortium conditions by differential RNAseq analysis. Differentially expressed pathways and cellular systems were inferred using the network‐based algorithm PheNetic. Coculturing affected mainly metabolism in WDL1. Significantly enhanced expression of hylA encoding linuron hydrolase was observed. Moreover, differential expression of several pathways involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolism was observed indicating that WDL1 gains carbon and energy from linuron indirectly by consuming excretion products from WDL7 and/or WDL6. Moreover, in consortium conditions, WDL1 showed a pronounced stress response and overexpression of cell to cell interaction systems such as quorum sensing, contact‐dependent inhibition, and Type VI secretion. Since the latter two systems can mediate interference competition, it prompts the question if synergistic linuron degradation is the result of true adaptive cooperation or rather a facultative interaction between bacteria that coincidentally occupy complementary metabolic niches.