bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Gas and Star-formation in Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
Authors: Cao Tian-Wen , Wu Hong , Du Wei , Lei Feng-Jie , Zhu Ming , Wouterloot Jan , Parsons Harriet , Zhu Yi-Nan , Wu Chao-Jian , Yang Fan , Cao Chen , Zhou Zhi-Min , He Min , Jin Jun-Jie , Wicker James E. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We have obtained CO(J = 2−1) spectra of nine face-on low surface brightness galaxies using the JCMT 15 m telescope and observed Hα images using the 2.16 m telescope of NAOC. As no CO has been detected, only upper limits on the H2 masses are given. The upper limits of total molecular hydrogen masses are about

. Their star-formation rates are mainly lower than

yr−1 and star-formation efficiencies are lower than

yr−1. Our results show that the absence of molecular gas content is the direct reason for the low star-formation rate. The low star-formation efficiency probably resulted from the low efficiency of H i gas transforming to H2 gas.
Neutron-decay Protons from Solar Flares as Seed Particles for CME-shock Acceleration in the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Murphy Ronald J. , Ko Yuan-Kuen 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The protons in large solar energetic particle events are accelerated in the inner heliosphere by fast shocks produced by coronal mass ejections. Unless there are other sources, the protons these shocks act upon would be those of the solar wind (SW). The efficiency of the acceleration depends on the kinetic energy of the protons. For a 2000 km s−1 shock, the most effective proton energies would be 30–100 keV; i.e., within the suprathermal tail component of the SW. We investigate one possible additional source of such protons: those resulting from the decay of solar-flare-produced neutrons that escape from the Sun into the low corona. The neutrons are produced by interactions of flare-accelerated ions with the solar atmosphere. We discuss the production of low-energy neutrons in flares and their decay on a interplanetary magnetic field line near the Sun. We find that even when the flaring conditions are optimal, the 30–100 keV neutron-decay proton density produced by even a very large solar flare would be only about 10% of that of the 30–100 keV SW suprathermal tail. We discuss the implication of a seed-particle source of more frequent, small flares.
A Trojan Horse Approach to the Production of 18F in Novae
Authors: Cognata M. La , Pizzone R. G. , José J. , Hernanz M. , Cherubini S. , Gulino M. , Rapisarda G. G. , Spitaleri C. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Crucial information on nova nucleosynthesis can be potentially inferred from γ-ray signals powered by 18F decay. Therefore, the reaction network producing and destroying this radioactive isotope has been extensively studied in the last years. Among those reactions, the 18F(p, α)15O cross-section has been measured by means of several dedicated experiments, both using direct and indirect methods. The presence of interfering resonances in the energy region of astrophysical interest has been reported by many authors including the recent applications of the Trojan Horse Method. In this work, we evaluate what changes are introduced by the Trojan Horse data in the 18F(p, α)15O astrophysical factor recommended in a recent R-matrix analysis, accounting for existing direct and indirect measurements. Then the updated reaction rate is calculated and parameterized and implications of the new results on nova nucleosynthesis are thoroughly discussed.
The Infrared and Radio Flux Densities of Galactic H ii regions
Authors: Makai Z. , Anderson L. D. , Mascoop J. L. , Johnstone B. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We derive infrared and radio flux densities of all ∼1000 known Galactic H ii regions in the Galactic longitude range

. Our sample comes from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) catalog of Galactic H ii regions. We compute flux densities at six wavelengths in the infrared (Spitzer GLIMPSE 8 μm, WISE 12 μm and 22 μm, Spitzer MIPSGAL 24 μm, and Herschel Hi-GAL 70 μm and 160 μm) and two in the radio (MAGPIS 20 cm and VGPS 21 cm). All H ii region infrared flux densities are strongly correlated with their ∼20 cm flux densities. All H ii regions used here, regardless of physical size or Galactocentric radius, have similar infrared to radio flux density ratios and similar infrared colors, although the smallest regions (r < 1 pc), have slightly elevated IR to radio ratios. The colors

and

, and

and

reliably select H ii regions, independent of size. The infrared colors of ∼22% of H ii regions, spanning a large range of physical sizes, satisfy the IRAS color criteria of Wood & Churchwell for H ii regions, after adjusting the criteria to the wavelengths used here. Because these color criteria are commonly thought to select only ultra-compact H ii regions, this result indicates that the true ultra-compact H ii region population is uncertain. Compared to a sample of IR color indices from star-forming galaxies, H ii regions show higher

ratios. We find a weak trend of decreasing infrared to ∼20 cm flux density ratios with increasing R
gal, in agreement with previous extragalactic results, possibly indicating a decreased dust abundance in the outer Galaxy.
Inhabiting compassion: A pastoral theological paradigm
Authors: Zylla Phil C. 
Published: August 2017

Inspired by the vision of care in Vincent van Gogh’s depiction of the parable of the Good Samaritan, this article offers a paradigm for inhabiting compassion. Compassion is understood in this article as a moral emotion that is also a pathocentric virtue. This definition creates a dynamic view of compassion as a desire to alleviate the suffering of others, the capacity to act on behalf of others and a commitment to sustain engagement with the suffering other. To weave this vision of compassion as a habitus rather than a theoretical construct, the article develops three phases of compassion: seeing, companioning and sighing. This framework deepens and augments a pastoral theological paradigm of compassion with the aim of inculcating an inhabited compassion in caregivers and the communities in which they participate.
Diagnostic comparison of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and International Obesity Task Force criteria for obesity classification in South African children
Authors: Moselakgomo Violet Kankane , Van Staden Marlise 
Published: August 2017

Background: This study was designed to estimate overweight and obesity in school children by using contrasting definitions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF).Method: The sample size consisted of 1361 learners (n = 678 boys; n = 683 girls) aged 9–13 years who were randomly selected from Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces of South Africa. A cross-sectional and descriptive design was used to measure the children’s anthropometric characteristics. Based on height and weight measurements, the children’s body mass index (BMI) was calculated and used to classify them as underweight, overweight and obese. Percentage body fat was calculated from the sum of two skinfolds (i.e. triceps and subscapular). Age-specific BMI, percentage body fat and sum of skinfolds were examined for the boys and girls.Results: A higher prevalence of overweight and obesity was found in boys and girls when the CDC BMI categories were used. In contrast, the IOTF BMI classifications indicated a strong prevalence of underweight among the children.Conclusion: In contrast to the IOTF index that yielded a greater occurrence of underweight among South African children, the CDC criteria indicated a higher prevalence of obesity and overweight among the same children. Future large-scale surveillance studies are needed to determine the appropriateness of different definitions in order to establish a more reliable indicator for estimating overweight and obesity in South African children.
Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Why should we pay attention?
Authors: Schoeman Renata , Albertyn Ruth , De Klerk Manie 
Published: August 2017

Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, with a chronic, costly and debilitating course if untreated. Limited access to diagnosis and treatment for adults with ADHD contributes to the cost of the disorder and the burden of disease.Aim: This study aims to identify the barriers to care for adults with ADHD.Methods: A qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with 10 key opinion leaders in the field of adult ADHD in SA was conducted to obtain narratives regarding frustrations experienced when treating adults with ADHD and needs of patients regarding management of ADHD. Qualitative content analysis was completed using Atlas.ti (version 7).Results: Four key themes which emerged from the interviews were ‘lack of recognition of the disorder’, ‘lack of access to diagnosis’, ‘lack of access to treatment’ and ‘a life of perpetual failure’. Core to these themes are the lack of knowledge amongst health care professionals, funders, and society at large.Conclusion: Our findings expand on previous research regarding the need to increase the knowledge base on adult ADHD. A collaborative stakeholder approach is needed to provide research and training for improved diagnosis and treatment for adults with ADHD in the South African context.
The use of infrared thermography for welfare assessment during the application of ear tags to lambs
Authors: Karakuş Murat , Karakuş Ferda 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of metal-tipped, plastic-tipped, and electronic ear tags on the likelihood of infection using infrared thermography and to evaluate the effect on welfare by examining the behavioral responses of the lambs. Ninety lambs with an average age of 6 months were used in this study. Before the application of the ear tags, infrared images of the right and left ears of the lambs were taken with the thermal camera and the infrared temperatures were recorded. Measurements were repeated on days 1, 4, 10, and 30 after the ear tag application. The mean of infrared ear temperatures on days 0, 1, 4, 10, and 30 were found to be 14.60, 23.20, 23.77, 20.36, and 17.61 °C for the metal-tipped ear tag group; 15.69, 21.50, 20.42, 18.00, and 16.39 °C for the plastic-tipped ear tag group; and 15.17, 29.47, 27.49, 25.93, and 20.61 °C for the electronic ear tag group. The infrared temperatures on days 1, 4, and 10 in the control and experimental groups were significantly different from each other (P < 0.001). The plastic-tipped ear tags caused fewer problems and are preferred to the traditional ear tags with metal tips. The electronic ear tags caused more inflammatory reactions compared to metal- or plastic-tipped ear tags. The infrared thermography method may be used as a useful tool in the early detection of the inflammatory reactions and infections caused by the application of ear tags.
eddy4R 0.2.0: a DevOps model for community-extensible processing and analysis of eddy-covariance data based on R, Git, Docker, and HDF5
Authors: Metzger Stefan , Durden David , Sturtevant Cove , Luo Hongyan , Pingintha-Durden Natchaya , Sachs Torsten , Serafimovich Andrei , Hartmann Jörg , Li Jiahong , Xu Ke , Desai Ankur R. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Large differences in instrumentation, site setup, data format, and operating system stymie the adoption of a universal computational environment for processing and analyzing eddy-covariance (EC) data. This results in limited software applicability and extensibility in addition to often substantial inconsistencies in flux estimates. Addressing these concerns, this paper presents the systematic development of portable, reproducible, and extensible EC software achieved by adopting a development and systems operation (DevOps) approach. This software development model is used for the creation of the eddy4R family of EC code packages in the open-source R language for statistical computing. These packages are community developed, iterated via the Git distributed version control system, and wrapped into a portable and reproducible Docker filesystem that is independent of the underlying host operating system. The HDF5 hierarchical data format then provides a streamlined mechanism for highly compressed and fully self-documented data ingest and output. The usefulness of the DevOps approach was evaluated for three test applications. First, the resultant EC processing software was used to analyze standard flux tower data from the first EC instruments installed at a National Ecological Observatory (NEON) field site. Second, through an aircraft test application, we demonstrate the modular extensibility of eddy4R to analyze EC data from other platforms. Third, an intercomparison with commercial-grade software showed excellent agreement (R2  =  1.0 for CO2 flux). In conjunction with this study, a Docker image containing the first two eddy4R packages and an executable example workflow, as well as first NEON EC data products are released publicly. We conclude by describing the work remaining to arrive at the automated generation of science-grade EC fluxes and benefits to the science community at large. This software development model is applicable beyond EC and more generally builds the capacity to deploy complex algorithms developed by scientists in an efficient and scalable manner. In addition, modularity permits meeting project milestones while retaining extensibility with time.
Advancing Social Work Practice Research Education – An Innovative, Experiential Pedagogical Approach
Authors: Kwong Kenny 
Published: August 2017

Achieving practice research competency is an essential pillar of social work practice. However, research material is often associated with dry lectures and incomprehensible statistical applications that may not reflect real life issues. Teaching research course is often antithetical to the pedagogical approach commonly used in social work education, which engages students in practical applications of real life situations with case examples. This paper described and evaluated six sets of experiential class and field activities designed to increase graduate level social work students’ competencies of practice research. These activities included: (1) formulating a practice-based research topic – a case study; (2) using assessment templates for critical evaluation of published research; (3) single-system research design – a tool for evaluation of clinical practice; (4) agency research and evaluation field assessment; (5) design and implementation of a practice-focused class study project; and (6) class activity on presentation and dissemination of research findings. An online course evaluation was administered with altogether 63 students in 2 Foundation Research and 2 Advanced Research classes to elicit both their qualitative feedback and quantitative ratings of their attainment of research competencies. The instructor’s assessment of individual student performance using a grading rubric helped determine their level of attainment of course competences. Findings suggest several critical elements of this pedagogical approach. It is a case-based learning and students learn about real-world research issues. It is discussion-centered and a collaborative learning process. Cases selected for learning and research are context-specific as students see the connection of social work research to day-to-day practice contexts.
Determination of Periodontal Status and Smoking Habits with CPITN Index
Authors: Saribas Ebru , Acun Kaya Filiz , Guler Dogru Arzum , Talo Yildirim Tuba 
Published: August 2017

Aim: Periodontal diseases are a major worldwide and is considered to be one of the most common oral pathologies. A large portion of periodontal pathologies are affected by a variety of factors genetic, socio-economic status, smoking, oral hygiene and lifestyle. The relationship between smoking and periodontal disease attracting more and more interest in the last 10-15 years. This study was planned to determine whether there is a relationship between smoking habits and periodontal status.
Methodology: In this study, 372 individuals were evaluated between the ages 12-79. These individuals divided into 7 groups according to age, including 12-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and 70-79. CPITN scores and whether or not cigarette smoking habits of all individuals were recorded. Daily cigarette consumption was evaluated 0, occasionally, 1-10, 11-20 and more than 20.
Results: In our study, no significant statistical difference was found between the age groups and gender (p>0.05). There is a relationship proportional to the age and periodontal disease (p<0.05). Periodontal status of individuals who smoke analyzed, although individuals who smoke have higher periodontal scores, statistically significant relationship was not found between the two groups.
Conclusions: Examined the periodontal status of the individuals included in the study, there is no difference between smokers and nonsmokers with individuals, despite the periodontal scores were higher in smokers. It is suggested that oral hygiene education would be effective in the rate of smoking and periodontal health.
How to cite this article: Saribas E, Acun Kaya F, Dogru AG, Talo Yildirim T. Determination of periodontal status and smoking habits with CPITN index. Int Dent Res 2017;7:26-31.
New Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from NE Atlantic seamounts, islands, and the continental slope: evidence for deep-sea endemism
Authors: Berning Björn , Harmelin Jean-Georges , Bader Beate 
Published: August 2017

Ten new species belonging to three new genera (Atlantisina gen. nov., Bathycyclopora gen. nov., Calvetopora gen. nov.) of umbonulomorph bryozoans from northeastern Atlantic seamounts, islands, and the continental slope are introduced. We furthermore erect the new family Atlantisinidae fam. nov. for these genera. Eight new species belong to the new genus Atlantisina: Atlantisina atlantis gen. et sp. nov. (type species), A. acantha gen. et sp. nov., A. gorringensis gen. et sp. nov., A. inarmata gen. et sp. nov., A. lionensis gen. et sp. nov., A. meteor gen. et sp. nov., A. seinensis gen. et sp. nov., and A. tricornis gen. et sp. nov. The genus Bathycyclopora gen. nov. is introduced for ?Phylactella vibraculata Calvet from the Azores, and also includes Bathycyclopora suroiti gen. et sp. nov. The type species of Calvetopora gen. nov. is Lepralia inflata Calvet from the Gulf of Cadiz; this genus also includes Calvetopora otapostasis gen. et sp. nov. and another species left in open nomenclature. Of the 13 species described herein, 11 occur on seamounts and islands, and nine species are endemic to a single seamount, island or station. The present results show that bryozoans provide striking examples of the function of seamounts as areas of endemism, most likely intrinsically linked to the low dispersal abilities of bryozoan larvae.
ESTUDO DA ADIÇÃO DA LIGNINA KRAFT NAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DOS BRIQUETES DE RESÍDUOS DA INDÚSTRIA MOVELEIRA
Authors: Gouvea Adriana de Fátima Gomes , Carvalho Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira , Silvia Cláudio Mudado , Carneiro Angélica de Cássia Oliveira , Trugilho Paulo Fernando , Freitas Fabiana Paiva de , Valadares Lumena Boroni , Gomes Claudia Marcia , Costa Emerson Belarmino 
Published: August 2017

A fim de melhorar a eficácia global da produção de energia, uma estratégia é o modelo de biorrefinarias, em que todos os componentes de biomassa são totalmente utilizados para produzir uma gama de produtos de maior valor agregado. A lignina kraft é um dos produtos oriundos do processo de produção de celulose e que pode ser utilizado na confecção de materiais densificados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento da adição da lignina extraída do licor negro kraft em briquetes confeccionados com resíduos da indústria moveleira na forma de maravalha e partículas de painéis; em diferentes proporções. Os briquetes foram produzidos em briquetadeira laboratorial, usando as temperaturas de 60, 75 e 90oC. O tempo de compactação e resfriamento foi de 5 minutos e pressão 68,9 x 105 N.m-2 (1000 PSI). A qualidade dos briquetes foi avaliada em função da determinação da propriedade mecânica. Determinou-se a carga de ruptura dos briquetes. A adição de lignina kraft aos resíduos de madeira nas proporções e temperatura adequadas apresentou vantagens de aumento de resistência mecânica dos briquetes. A lignina kraft apresentou vantagens como aglutinante na produção de briquetes de resíduo de madeira na temperatura de compactação de 90°C com adição de 20% de lignina kraft e temperaturas de 60 e 75°C de compactação na proporção de adição de 40 e 60% de lignina kraft, respectivamente.
RESISTÊNCIA DE ISCAS GRANULADAS, DISTRIBUÍDAS A GRANEL E EM MICROPORTA-ISCAS, À AÇÃO DA UMIDADE EM PLANTIO DE <i>Pinus taeda</i> NO PLANALTO SUL-CATARINENSE
Authors: Buratto David Alexandre , Sousa Nilton José , Souza Marcelo Dias , Rolin Flávio Augusto 
Published: August 2017

Os programas de controle para formigas-cortadeiras do gênero Acromyrmex na região sul do Brasil são pouco estudados, tendo suas informações embasadas no controle do gênero Atta e aos danos causados por formigas-cortadeiras em plantios de Eucalyptus spp. Esta falta de informações sobre controle de formigas-cortadeiras leva algumas empresas florestais de Santa Catarina à repetição de padrões que não são adequados às infestações e às espécies de formigas-cortadeiras que ocorrem neste Estado. Com isso, ocorre uma distribuição inadequada de iscas granuladas a granel, nas quatro estações do ano, que acabam degradadas pelo excesso de umidade provocado pela neblina e pelas precipitações constantes que ocorrem na região. Diante deste quadro, os experimentos deste trabalho tiveram como objetivos: identificar as espécies de formigas-cortadeiras; determinar a densidade de formigueiros por unidade área; analisar e avaliar a influência das estações do ano e da precipitação em cada estação sobre a conservação e degradação das iscas granuladas à base de sulfluramida (0,3%) distribuídas a granel e na forma de microporta-iscas. Para tanto, foram instalados experimentos na Fazenda Dois Irmãos, de propriedade da empresa Florestal Rio Marombas Ltda., em áreas de plantios de Pinus taeda L., localizados no município de São Cristóvão do Sul, no planalto sul do estado de Santa Catarina. Concluiu-se que: A única espécie de formiga-cortadeira encontrada na área avaliada é Acromyrmex crassispinus (FOREL, 1909); Na área experimental encontram-se 17 formigueiros, a média é de 0,94 formigueiros por hectare, com área aparente menor que 1 m² cada um; a umidade da região do planalto sul-catarinense degrada as iscas granuladas distribuídas a granel; as iscas granuladas distribuídas a granel permanecem conservadas sete dias na primavera e três dias nas demais estações do ano; as iscas granuladas distribuídas em microporta-iscas permanecem conservadas 15 dias no verão e 30 dias nas demais estações do ano; os microporta-iscas apresentam maior resistência à umidade no campo em relação às iscas granuladas distribuídas a granel; a abertura dos microporta-iscas, provocada pelo consumo parcial das iscas, que é uma característica das formigas Acromyrmex spp., acelera a deterioração das iscas restantes em seu interior.