bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulating the dynamic wetting behavior of pesticide on banana leaves at different growth stages with surfactants
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Yang Zhou , Jiang Yinlong , Xie Bowei , Huang Chaowei , Yu Jiaxiang , Yuan Haotian , Duan Jieli 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPesticide spraying constitutes an essential component of the production and management regimen within banana orchards, extending throughout the entire growth cycle of the banana plants. Exploring the intricate interplay between surfactants, pesticide formulations, and the evolving surface properties of banana leaves throughout their growth stages is critical to the enhancement of pesticide application methods and the elevation of agricultural productivity.RESULTSThrough investigating the regulatory impact of surfactants on the physicochemical properties of medicinal solutions, this study elucidates the interaction mechanism between the physicochemical properties of pesticides and the surface characteristics of banana leaves. The findings reveal that the energy dissipation rate of pesticide droplets exhibits a natural exponential rise in correlation with the increase in both the We number and the concentration of surfactant present. Comparatively, the adaxial surface of banana leaves demonstrates superior spreading and adhesion properties for droplets than the abaxial surface. Specifically, droplets containing the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate on the adaxial surface of banana leaves are found to spread well with a reduced retraction effect. Conversely, the application of the non‐ionic surfactant fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether (AEO‐3) on the abaxial surface of banana leaves is more beneficial for the wetting and retention of droplets. As banana leaves grow, there is a noted decline in the spreading and retraction properties of droplets. However, droplets have a higher propensity to wet and adhere to the surfaces of mature banana leaves.CONCLUSIONTo bolster the adherence of pesticide droplets to leaf surfaces, it is imperative to ensure they possess superior spreading properties and a controlled retraction pace. This facilitates an extended period of contact and enhanced stability, thereby optimizing the spray's deposition efficacy. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A tutorial on physiologically based pharmacokinetic approaches in lactation research
Authors: Pansari Amita , Pan Xian , Almond Lisa M. , Rowland‐Yeo Karen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn breastfeeding mothers, managing medical conditions presents unique challenges, particularly concerning medication use and breastfeeding practices. The transfer of drugs into breast milk and subsequent exposure to nursing infants raises important considerations for drug safety and efficacy. Modeling approaches are increasingly employed to predict infant exposure levels, crucial for assessing drug safety during breastfeeding. Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling provides a valuable tool for predicting drug exposure in lactating individuals and their infants. This tutorial offers an overview of PBPK modeling in lactation research, covering key concepts, prediction approaches, and best practices for model development and application. We delve into milk composition dynamics and its influence on drug transfer into breast milk, addressing modeling considerations, knowledge gaps, and future research directions. Practical examples and case studies illustrate PBPK modeling application in lactation studies. We demonstrate how prediction algorithms for Milk‐to‐Plasma (M/P) ratios within a PBPK framework can support scenarios lacking clinical lactation data or extend the utility of available lactation clinical data to support further untested clinical scenarios. This tutorial aims to assist researchers and clinicians in understanding and applying PBPK modeling to understand and support clinical scenarios in breastfeeding mothers. Advances in PBPK modeling techniques, along with ongoing research on lactation physiology and drug disposition, promise further insights into drug transfer during lactation.
Poly(N‐2‐Aminoethylacrylamide)‐Cu(I) Chelate Grafted from Fe3O4@SiO2 Core‐Shells for the Selective Monoarylation of Anilines via the Ullmann Reaction
Authors: Pourshahi Mohammad Ali , Mansoori Yagoub , Ghahramani Fatemeh , Bezaatpour Abolfazl , John Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present work describes the grafting of a polymer‐metal chelate (PMC) from Fe3O4@SiO2 core‐shells via the Surface Initiated‐Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (SI‐ATRP). The magnetic core‐shells were silylated by 2‐bromo‐2‐methyl‐N‐(3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propanamide (BTPAm) to give the surface‐anchored ATRP initiator. Acrylamide was polymerized from the Fe3O4@SiO2 surface via the ATRP approach. The grafted magnetic nanoparticles were trans‐amidated with ethylenediamine to give poly(N‐2‐aminoethylacrylamide) grafted magnetic core‐shells, Fe3O4@SiO2‐g‐PAE‐AAm. The grafted chelating polymer ligand (CPL) was treated with an acetonitrile solution of CuI to afford the Fe3O4@SiO2‐g‐PAE‐AAm−Cu(I). The grafted PMC was characterized by FT‐IR, CP/MAS 13C NMR, and thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA). The grafted PMC catalyzed the N−C bond formation via the Ullmann‐type N‐arylation reaction of haloarenes and anilines under optimal reaction conditions. Mono N‐arylation product was obtained as the major product with excellent selectivity. The excellent recyclability of the catalyst was shown by negligible deactivation over six runs.
The Anticholinesterase Perspective of Dimethoxyindole Based Benzenesulfonamides: Synthesis, Biological Investigation and Molecular Docking Applications
Authors: Bingul Murat , Ercan Selami , Boga Mehmet , Arslan Zehra , Tuneğ Muhammet , Akocak Suleyman , Bingul Alev Arslanturk , Sengul İbrahim F. , Sahin Hasan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to the well‐known biological potential of benzenesulfonamides for the inhibition of specific enzymes, here in, we propose to investigate anticholinesterase efficiencies of five newly synthesized benzenesulfonamides incorporating dimethoxyindole tails. The targeted compounds were synthesized through the C7 position of the methyl 4,6‐dimethoxy‐1H‐indole‐2‐carboxylate via Schiff‐base reaction. The biological study was directed to identify the acetylcholinesterase (ACh) and butyrylcholinesterase (BCh) enzyme inhibitions. The molecular docking studies were also carried out to determine the possible poses of ligands 8 a–e in binding sites of enzymes and ligand‐residue interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations, RMSD and RMSF plots, hydrogen bond analysis, per‐residue energy decomposition and MM‐PB(GB)/SA calculations were carried out investigate the potentials of the compounds towards the designated enzymes. It is important to note that all the synthesized compounds were found to be selective towards the BChE inhibition with a range of efficiencies. In addition to that the compound 8 a exhibited more potency than the standard Galanthamine with the value of 87.75 % for the same enzyme. The results could be valuable for the determination of new targets which are highly selective for BChE inhibition. The formation of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the residues located on the compounds were responsible for the binding free energy scores. The stability of all the compounds proved by molecular dynamics simulations were also promising for the further directions of the study.
Multi‐Functional AIE Phototheranostic Agent Enhancing αPD‐L1 Response for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Immunotherapy
Authors: Yu Yuewen , Ni Zihui , Xu Yanbin , Zhang Le , Liu Yucheng , Zeng Fanrui , Zhang Ming , Liu Laikui , Feng Guangxue , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents a prevalent head and neck malignancy with surgical intervention as the primary clinical option. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting PD‐1/PD‐L1 shows great promise but is impeded by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and low PD‐L1 expression in OSCC. Herein, the “all‐in‐one” phototherapeutic nanoparticles (TSD NPs) are reported with balanced reactive oxygen species and photothermal conversion capacity for combined photoimmunotherapy and ICB immunotherapy against OSCC. A novel electron acceptor, 3‐(dicyanomethylene)‐2,3‐dihydrobenzothiophene‐1,1‐dioxide (DTM), is introduced to develop the phototherapeutic agent with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) feature and NIR‐II fluorescence centered at 1000 nm. Benefiting from the AIE feature and the DTM acceptor, the resultant TSD NPs also exhibit strong type I reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and high photothermal conversion efficiency (45.3%), which can profoundly induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and convert the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment into an immune‐supportive one. Additionally, TSD NPs upregulate the PD‐L1 expression on OSCC cells, thus enhancing the efficacy of combined treatment with αPD‐L1 ICB immunotherapy. This results show that the synergistic treatment of TSD NPs and αPD‐L1 effectively eradicates solid OSCC tumors without adverse effects on normal tissues, proving a novel and promising strategy for OSCC management.
Large‐Scale Atomic Strain Defects on Palladium Surfaces for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction and Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Shi Jianqiao , Qi Defeng , Zhang Hao , Zeng Xuemei , Li Yanshuai , He Kun , Li Wenqiang , Zhang Hao , Luo Jun , Xu Jie , Wang Shun , Yuan Yifei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDesigning nano‐electrocatalysts rich in surface defects is critical to improve their catalytic performance. However, prevailing synthesis techniques rely heavily on complex procedures that compromise defect extensiveness and uniformity, casting a high demand for methods capable of synthesizing large‐scale crystalline defects. An innovative design strategy is herein proposed that induces ample strain/dislocation defects during the growth of palladium (Pd), which is well‐known as a good oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst. The controlled defect engineering on Pd core is achieved by the tensile stress exerted from an intentionally applied Fe3O4 skin layer during synthesis, which changes the surface free energy of Pd to stabilize the defect presence. With such large‐scale crystalline defects, this Pd catalyst exhibits significantly higher ORR activity than commercial Pt/C, enabling its promising future in zinc–air battery catalysis. Additionally, the protective Fe3O4 skin covering the catalyst also enhances its catalytic stability. Theoretical calculations show that the superior catalytic property of such defect‐engineered Pd is associated with the correspondingly modified adsorption energy of *O intermediates onto its surface, which further improves the reaction rate and thus boosts ORR kinetics. Findings here are expected to provide a paradigm for designing efficient and stable metal catalysts with plentiful large‐scale strain defects.
Enhanced Buried Interface Engineering for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated via Vapor–Solid Reaction
Authors: Dou Yichen , Lv Pin , Yuan Zhangwei , Xiong Wenjuan , Liang Jiace , Peng Yong , Liang Guijie , Ku Zhiliang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVapor‐deposited inverted perovskite solar cells utilizing self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) as hole transport material have gained significant attention for their high efficiencies and compatibility with silicon/perovskite monolithic tandem devices. However, as a small molecule, the SAM layer suffers low thermal tolerance in comparison with other metal oxide or polymers, rendering poor efficiency in solar device with high‐temperature (> 160 °C) fabricating procedures. In this study, a dual modification approach involving AlOx and F‐doped phenyltrimethylammonium bromide (F‐PTABr) layers is introduced to enhance the buried interface. The AlOx dielectric layer improves the interface contact and prevents the upward diffusion of SAM molecules during the vapor–solid reaction at 170 °C, while the F‐PTABr layer regulates crystal growth and reduces the interfacial defects. As a result, the AlOx/F‐PTABr‐treated perovskite film exhibits a homogeneous, pinhole‐free morphology with improved crystal quality compared to the control films. This leads to a champion power conversion efficiency of 21.53% for the inverted perovskite solar cells. Moreover, the encapsulated devices maintained 90% of the initial efficiency after 600 h of ageing at 85 °C in air, demonstrating promising potential for silicon/perovskite tandem application.
What Mamá Gallina Can Teach Literacy Educators about Healing Biliteracies
Authors: Muñoz Kimberly , Babino Alexandra (Ale) 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this Action & Learning article, we describe the connections between the popular Spanish nursery song “Los pollitos dicen” (The Little Chicks Say) and Aesop's fable's “The Fox and Hen” with the literacy teaching of bilingual Latinx students. In this metaphor, the bilingual teachers represent the Mamá Gallina (Mother Hen) and their students represent the pollitos (little chicks) in their care. Then, we detail the teaching context from three elementary classrooms with bilingual Latinx students that spurred the metaphor for Mamá Gallina taking care of her pollitos in the classroom. These classrooms suggest how teachers could act as the “Fox” and perpetuate white English hegemony and the “Mother Hen” who mobilized their biliteracies to metaphorically feed and clothe their “baby chicks” with cariño (often translated as “care”). The rest of the article centers on how the metaphor of Mamá Gallina serves as a compelling vision for the healing practices of bilingual teachers themselves, before detailing principles for healing biliteracies in the classroom. These tools include: personal connections, cultural practices, linguistic relevance, and bilingual/biliterate pride. Ultimately, this metaphor illustrates how emancipatory pro‐Latinx teaching must attend to dual purposes: responding to the harm to bilingual teachers and students' biliteracies while also nurturing their dynamic beauty.
Sociopolitical, clinical, and ethical challenges of sustainable fracture care in Haiti
Authors: Charles Antoinette J. , Bethell Mikhail A. , Pean Marc‐Alain , Ochoa Brielle , Nau Bernard , Pean Christian A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn low‐ and middle‐income countries such as Haiti, musculoskeletal injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Untreated injuries can contribute to decreased mobility, leading to disability and reduced productivity for individuals. The accessibility of timely fracture care poses a substantial challenge in Haiti, where socioeconomic instability and recent surges in gang violence exacerbate an already strained healthcare infrastructure. This manuscript delves into the intricate barriers to sustainable fracture care in Haiti, shedding light on the sociopolitical landscape and clinical challenges that influence the delivery of orthopedic services.Ethical DiscussionThe ethical considerations in providing fracture care in Haiti are multifaceted, including classic medical principles, self‐preservation in the face of violence, issues of justice in resource and service allocation, and concerns of nonmaleficence in the context of international volunteers. These ethical dilemmas arise from the complex interplay of limited resources, the dangers posed by the current sociopolitical climate, and the involvement of international aid in a vulnerable healthcare system.ConclusionTo address the clinical and ethical conflicts of providing fracture care in Haiti, solutions include education and training of Haitian orthopedic surgeons, capacity building of healthcare facilities, and establishing ethical standards for international volunteers. This comprehensive approach is vital for advancing sustainable fracture care in Haiti and other resource‐limited settings.
Risk factor analysis of postoperative pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy with a focus on the peritoneum to portal vein distance on computed tomography
Authors: Uemura Sho , Ban Daisuke , Esaki Minoru , Nara Satoshi , Takamoto Takeshi , Mizui Takahiro , Shimada Kazuaki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a major complication of distal pancreatectomy (DP). Although the visceral fat area (VFA) is a risk factor for POPF in DP, its measurement is complicated. This study aimed to identify a simple marker as a predictive indicator of POPF.MethodsWe included 210 patients who underwent resection at our institution between 2020 and 2023. The patients' characteristics, preoperative laboratory data, and radiographic findings (e.g., portal vein distance and VFA) and their association with pancreatic fistula after DP were analyzed. POPF was defined as Grade B or C pancreatic fistula on the basis of the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery 2016 consensus.ResultsPOPF developed in 82 (39.0%) patients. Univariate analysis showed that female sex, pancreatic thickness of the cutting line, operative time, blood loss, C‐reactive protein (CRP) level on postoperative day (POD) 3, drain amylase level on POD 3, VFA, and the peritoneum to portal vein distance (PPD) were associated with POPF. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of PPD showed a higher area under the curve than VFA (cutoff for PPD: 68 mm). Multivariate analysis showed that CRP (odds ratio [OR]: 2.214), drain amylase (OR: 2.875), and PPD (OR: 15.538) were independent risk factors. When we compared the DP fistula risk score and PPD, receiver operating characteristic analysis showed areas under the curve of 0.650 and 0.803, respectively.ConclusionsA PPD of ≥68 mm is a useful risk predictor of POPF. Determining this distance is simple and easily applicable in the clinical setting.
An Analysis of Welfare Standards Within Tiger (Panthera tigris) Facilities in Thailand
Authors: Erzinçlioğlu Tanya S. , Groves Georgina , Ward Samantha 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn Thailand, tigers are more numerous in captivity than they are in the wild, with 51 facilities housing approximately 1962 tigers. As charismatic fauna, tigers are popular with tourists, and the majority of facilities offer a variety of entertainment activities with controversial reports towards the animals' welfare. The aim of this research was to investigate tiger welfare in Thai zoos to identify specific welfare issues. We assessed 34 tourism facilities holding tigers in Thailand in 2019 using a 25‐point welfare assessment that utilizes the Five Domain model (incorporating all five domains: nutrition, physical environment, health, behavioural interactions and mental state). The mental domain score was derived from the scores of the other four domains. Additional data were collected from each facility, including the number of tigers, any colour variants, types of human interaction and admission cost. Welfare scores for each domain were calculated by totalling the scores per domain and dividing by the number of points allocated to that domain. A multiple regression was used to identify any significant predictors of mental domain score. The results revealed that the provision of a suitable physical environment scored the lowest, while nutrition scored the highest though this was still a low score overall. The multiple regression showed that 45.4% of the variance for the mental domain score was significantly affected by the number of colour variants housed and the types of human interaction available with facilities, with more of both these factors contributing to a more negative score. Our results demonstrate the need for urgent, comprehensive infrastructural, species‐appropriate environment and design and animal management improvements to increase animal welfare. Informed institutional change toward the breeding and use of tigers for public interactions is also required. This is the first assessment completed of captive tiger welfare of tiger facilities in Thailand and shows that the welfare concerns encountered are within a high proportion (67%) of Thailand's facilities. This supports the need for the creation and enforcement of effective and clear captive wildlife operational standards to provide a sustained solution for captive tiger welfare and can provide a considered approach to ex‐situ tiger management that, in conjunction with in‐situ efforts, can improve much needed conservation efforts of this species.
Diversity Accommodation and Fiscal Federalism: Comparative Remarks from a Constitutional Law Perspective
Authors: Valdesalici Alice , Romero Caro Francisco Javier 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe chapter attempts to highlight the challenges that arise in the chapters of this book when examining the interaction between diversity accommodation and fiscal federalism within the selected federal systems. It explores how the need to address diversities influences financial relations and their evolution, focusing on which types of diversity drive these dynamics, potentially leading to integrative or disintegrative effects for the federal system. To accomplish this, the chapter delves into three major critical areas: the cause-effect relationship between diversity and fiscal arrangements, the balance between financial autonomy and solidarity, and the participation of subnational governments in decision-making processes. Examples from the case studies analyzed in this book are used to illustrate the complexities of accommodating diversities through fiscal federalism.
Unity and Diversity: A Turbulent Journey Through Italian Fiscal Federalism
Authors: Baraggia Antonia , Vimercati Benedetta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter aims to analyze, from a diachronic perspective, the relationship between Italian regionalism and Italian fiscal federalism. Within a journey that will touch upon the main stages that have outlined the “incomplete Italian fiscal federalism”, an attempt will be made to highlight how—in the peculiarity of the Italian vertical division of powers—efforts have been made to reconcile key elements of any decentralized system, namely differentiation, autonomy, equality, and solidarity. The analysis will also highlight the most recent challenge posed to this reconciliation, namely the process of implementation of the so-called differentiated regionalism as provided for in Article 116.3 of the Italian Constitution.
Accommodating Diversity or Imposing Uniformity? The Hollowing Out of Provincial Governments in South Africa
Authors: Ajam Tania 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe creation of the nine South African provincial governments was a concession by the African National Congress (ANC) to the National Party (NP) regime during the negotiated transition to democracy. The ANC favored a strong national government and strong local government, while the NP saw provinces as a vehicle for protection of White minority rights and privileges. While playing an important peace building function, provinces were endowed by the 1996 Constitution with few exclusive functions and negligible own revenue raising powers, therefore largely reliant on intergovernmental grants from national government. These already limited provincial powers have been further attenuated over the last two decades by the relocation of functions (e.g., social security and training and vocational colleges to national government, housing and public transport to large metropolitan governments, the proposed National Health Insurance system which will centralize current provincial health functions). This is exacerbated by centralized wage bargaining resulting in provincial wage bill escalation outstripping increases in intergovernmental grants and crowded out other non-wage expenditures. Provincial governments have little control over their largest cost driver which introduces budgetary rigidities. The highly centralized application of intergovernmental relations has limited scope for provincial experimentation and innovation.