bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging therapeutic roles for NAD+ metabolism in mitochondrial and age‐related disorders
Authors: Srivastava Sarika 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central metabolic cofactor in eukaryotic cells that plays a critical role in regulating cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis. NAD+ in its reduced form (i.e. NADH) serves as the primary electron donor in mitochondrial respiratory chain, which involves adenosine triphosphate production by oxidative phosphorylation. The NAD+/NADH ratio also regulates the activity of various metabolic pathway enzymes such as those involved in glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, and fatty acid oxidation. Intracellular NAD+ is synthesized de novo from l‐tryptophan, although its main source of synthesis is through salvage pathways from dietary niacin as precursors. NAD+ is utilized by various proteins including sirtuins, poly ADP‐ribose polymerases (PARPs) and cyclic ADP‐ribose synthases. The NAD+ pool is thus set by a critical balance between NAD+ biosynthetic and NAD+ consuming pathways. Raising cellular NAD+ content by inducing its biosynthesis or inhibiting the activity of PARP and cADP‐ribose synthases via genetic or pharmacological means lead to sirtuins activation. Sirtuins modulate distinct metabolic, energetic and stress response pathways, and through their activation, NAD+ directly links the cellular redox state with signaling and transcriptional events. NAD+ levels decline with mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced NAD+/NADH ratio is implicated in mitochondrial disorders, various age‐related pathologies as well as during aging. Here, I will provide an overview of the current knowledge on NAD+ metabolism including its biosynthesis, utilization, compartmentalization and role in the regulation of metabolic homoeostasis. I will further discuss how augmenting intracellular NAD+ content increases oxidative metabolism to prevent bioenergetic and functional decline in multiple models of mitochondrial diseases and age‐related disorders, and how this knowledge could be translated to the clinic for human relevance.
mTOR signaling disruption from myeloid-derived suppressive cells protects against immune-mediated hepatic injury through the HIF1α-dependent glycolytic pathway
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhang Zhengguo , Bi Yujing , Fu Zan , Gong Pingsheng , Li Yan , Yu Qing , Jia Anna , Wang Jian , Xue Lixiang , Yang Hui , Liu Guangwei 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway integrates diverse environmental inputs, including immune signals and metabolic cues, to direct innate and adaptive immune responses. Myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population that plays a crucial regulatory effect in immune-related diseases. However, whether mTOR signaling affects the functions of MDSCs remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that mTOR signaling is a pivotal, negative determinant of MDSC function in immune-mediated hepatic injury (IMH) diseases. In the context of IMH, the blocking of mTOR with rapamycin or mTOR-deficient CD11b+Gr1+ MDSCs mediates the protection against IMH; mTOR with rapamycin and mTOR-deficient CD11b+Gr1+ MDSCs are suppressive immune modulators that result in less IFN-γ-producing TH1 cells and more Foxp3+ Tregs. Mechanistically, mTOR activity down-regulation in MDSCs induced iNOS expressions and NO productions. Pharmacologic inhibitions of iNOS completely eliminate MDSC-suppressive function and lose their inducible effects on T cell differentiation. Importantly, HIF1α-dependent glycolytic activity is responsible for mTOR-deficient, increased MDSC functional changes in IMH inflammation. Thus, these data demonstrate that mTOR acts as a fundamental “rheostat” in MDSCs to link immunologic signals to glycolytic pathways and functional fitness and highlights a central role of metabolic programming of MDSC-suppressive activity in protecting against immune hepatic injuries.
Inflammatory responses to alcohol in the CNS: nuclear receptors as potential therapeutics for alcohol-induced neuropathologies
Authors: Kane Cynthia J M , Drew Paul D 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), which results from ethanol exposure during pregnancy, and alcohol use disorder (AUD), which includes both binge and chronic alcohol abuse, are strikingly common and costly at personal and societal levels. These disorders are associated with significant pathology, including that observed in the CNS. It is now appreciated in both humans and animal models that ethanol can induce inflammation in the CNS. Neuroinflammation is hypothesized to contribute to the neuropathologic and behavioral consequences in FASD and AUD. In this review, we: 1) summarize the evidence of alcohol-induced CNS inflammation, 2) outline cellular and molecular mechanisms that may underlie alcohol induction of CNS inflammation, and 3) discuss the potential of nuclear receptor agonists for prevention or treatment of neuropathologies associated with FASD and AUD.
The Effect of Preoperative Pregabalin on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Grant Michael C. , Betz Matthew , Hulse Matthew , Zorrilla-Vaca Andres , Hobson Deborah , Wick Elizabeth , Wu Christopher L. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND:
Nonopioid adjuvant medications are increasingly included among perioperative Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols. Preoperative pregabalin has been shown to improve postoperative pain and limit reliance on opioid analgesia. Our group investigated the ability of preoperative pregabalin to also prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).

METHODS:
Our group performed a meta-analysis of randomized trials that report outcomes on the effect of preoperative pregabalin on PONV endpoints in patients undergoing general anesthesia.

RESULTS:
Among all included trials (23 trials; n = 1693), preoperative pregabalin was associated with a significant reduction in PONV (risk ratio [RR] = 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39–0.73; P = 0.0001), nausea (RR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46–0.83; P = 0.002), and vomiting (RR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52–0.88; P = 0.003) at 24 hours. Subgroup analysis designed to account for major PONV confounders, including the exclusion trials with repeat dosing, thiopental induction, nitrous oxide maintenance, and prophylactic antiemetics and including high-risk surgery, resulted in similar antiemetic efficacy. Preoperative pregabalin is also associated with significantly increased rates of postoperative visual disturbance (RR = 3.11; 95% CI, 1.34–7.21; P = 0.008) compared with a control.

CONCLUSIONS:
Preoperative pregabalin is associated with significant reduction of PONV and should not only be considered as part of a multimodal approach to postoperative analgesia but also for prevention of PONV.
Between the “Old Law” And the New: Christian Translation, Indian Jurisdiction, and Criminal Justice in Colonial Oaxaca
Authors: Yannakakis Yanna , Schrader-Kniffki Martina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn midcolonial Villa Alta, Oaxaca, New Spain, indigenous political conflict intersected with the extirpation of idolatry to shape an arena of native social life and colonial legal culture about which we know little: Indian jurisdiction over crime. Through analysis of bilingual missionary texts and a unique corpus of Zapotec-language criminal records, this article highlights the role of indigenous judges as translators and innovators of legal procedure, notarial form, and criminal discourse. As they prosecuted crimes in Indian tribunals while seeking justice in Spanish courts, native judges and litigants—in conflict and alliance with Spanish civil and ecclesiastical officials—engaged in a spiraling process of translation that vernacularized colonial criminal justice. By putting the histories of Christian translation and of law and empire into productive dialogue, we reconstruct the processes whereby a Spanish and Christian moral order became locally meaningful and politically useful in indigenous communities far removed from Spanish administrative centers.
Direito administrativo inclusivo e princípio da isonomia: critérios para o estabelecimento de uma discriminação positiva inclusiva constitucional
Authors: Macera Paulo Henrique 
Published: July 2016

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de um modelo destinado à operacionalização da atuação estatal destinado à promoção da tutela do princípio da igualdade em seu aspecto material. Para tal, buscou-se, a partir da delimitação conceitual do campo de atuação do direito administrativo inclusivo e da conceituação das expressões “ações afirmativas” e “discriminação positiva” e suas taxonomias, o desenvolvimento de critérios destinados a identificar quando determinada discriminação inclusiva possa ser considerada juridicamente compatível com o princípio da igualdade. This article aims to develop a model intended for the implementation of State action driven to promoting the principle of equality guardianship in its material aspect. Regarding this scope, the conceptual of the Inclusive Administrative Law, the terms “affirmative action’ and ‘positive discrimination”, its fields and taxonomies were defined. Based on these concepts, it was developed some criteria to identify if certain inclusive discrimination might be considered compatible with the principle of equality.
Gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos por meio das parcerias público-privadas: instrumento de garantia do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente equilibrado
Authors: Thomé Romeu , Ramos Vinicius Diniz e Almeida 
Published: July 2016

Os problemas enfrentados pelo homem em razão da produção dos resíduos sólidos decorrentes das atividades antrópicas são bastante conhecidos. Entretanto, as concentrações urbanas e o modo de vida consumista, próprios da vida moderna, agravaram a situação, exigindo do poder público medidas inovadoras e criativas. Nesse contexto, as parcerias público-privadas (PPPs), regulamentadas no Brasil pela Lei no 11.079/2004, surgem como uma alternativa eficiente no gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos. Sem obstar eventual aperfeiçoamento da legislação, as PPPs constituem-se numa promissora modernização da gestão pública, permitindo que a iniciativa privada assuma o papel de protagonista em questões de interesse público, viabilizando o gerenciamento integrado de resíduos sólidos. Problems faced by man due to the production of solid waste resulting from anthropic activities are well known. However, with urban sprawl and the consumer lifestyle, characteristics of modern life, the situation worsened, requiring from Government innovative and creative measures. In this context, public-private partnerships (PPPs) in Brazil regulated by Law 11.079/2004, emerge as an effective alternative in the management of solid waste. Without obstructing eventual improvement of legislation, PPPs constitute a promising modernization of public management, allowing the private sector to undertake a leading role in matters of public interest, and enabling the integrated management of solid waste.
Characterization of 5-(2-18F-fluoroethoxy)-L-tryptophan for PET imaging of the pancreas
Authors: Abbas Ahmed , Beamish Christine , McGirr Rebecca , Demarco John , Cockburn Neil , Krokowski Dawid , Lee Ting-Yim , Kovacs Michael , Hatzoglou Maria , Dhanvantari Savita 
Published: July 2016

Purpose: In diabetes, pancreatic beta cell mass declines significantly prior to onset of fasting hyperglycemia. This decline may be due to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the system L amino acid transporter LAT1 may be a biomarker of this process. In this study, we used 5-(2-18F-fluoroethoxy)-L-tryptophan (18F-L-FEHTP) to target LAT1 as a potential biomarker of beta cell function in diabetes. Procedures: Uptake of 18F-L-FEHTP was determined in wild-type C57BL/6 mice by ex vivo biodistribution. Both dynamic and static positron emission tomography (PET) images were acquired in wild-type and Akita mice, a model of ER stress-induced diabetes, as well as in mice treated with streptozotocin (STZ). LAT1 expression in both groups of mice was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: Uptake of 18F-L-FEHTP was highest in the pancreas, and static PET images showed highly specific pancreatic signal. Time-activity curves showed significantly reduced 18F-L-FEHTP uptake in Akita mice, and LAT1 expression was also reduced. However, mice treated with STZ, in which beta cell mass was reduced by 62%, showed no differences in 18F-L-FEHTP uptake in the pancreas, and there was no significant correlation of 18F-L-FEHTP uptake with beta cell mass. Conclusions: 18F-L-FEHTP is highly specific for the pancreas with little background uptake in kidney or liver. We were able to detect changes in LAT1 in a mouse model of diabetes, but these changes did not correlate with beta cell function or mass. Therefore, 18F-L-FEHTP PET is not a suitable method for the noninvasive imaging of changes in beta cell function during the progression of diabetes.
Incidence angle normalization of Wide Swath SAR data for oceanographic applications
Authors: Topouzelis Konstantinos , Singha Suman , Kitsiou Dimitra 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA backscattering trend in the range direction of the signal received by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in Wide Swath (WS) mode results in a progressive reduction of brightness over images from near to far range, which affects the detection and classification of sea surface features on wide swath SAR images. The aim of the present paper is to investigate methods for limiting the issue of Normalized Radar Cross-Section (NRCS or
Geohazards (floods and landslides) in the Ndop plain, Cameroon volcanic line
Authors: Wotchoko Pierre , Bardintzeff Jacques-Marie , Itiga Zénon , Nkouathio David Guimolaire , Guedjeo Christian Suh , Ngnoupeck Gerald , Dongmo Armand Kagou , Wandji Pierre 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Ndop Plain, located along the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL), is a volcano-tectonic plain, formed by a series of tectonic movements, volcanic eruptions and sedimentation phases. Floods (annually) and landslides (occasionally) occur with devastating environmental effects. However, this plain attracts a lot of inhabitants owing to its fertile alluvial soils. With demographic explosion in the plain, the inhabitants (143,000 people) tend to farm and inhabit new zones which are prone to these geohazards. In this paper, we use field observations, laboratory analyses, satellite imagery and complementary methods using appropriate software to establish hazard (flood and landslide) maps of the Ndop Plain. Natural factors as well as anthropogenic factors are considered.The hazard maps revealed that 25% of the area is exposed to flood hazard (13% exposed to high flood hazard, 12% to moderate) and 5% of the area is exposed to landslide hazard (2% exposed to high landslide hazard, 3% to moderate). Some mitigation measures for floods (building of artificial levees, raising foundations of buildings and the meticulous regulation of the flood guards at Bamendjing Dam) and landslides (slope terracing, planting of trees, and building retaining walls) are proposed.
Assessment of future scenarios for wind erosion sensitivity changes based on ALADIN and REMO regional climate model simulation data
Authors: Mezősi Gábor , Blanka Viktória , Bata Teodóra , Ladányi Zsuzsanna , Kemény Gábor , Meyer Burghard C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe changes in rate and pattern of wind erosion sensitivity due to climate change were investigated for 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 compared to the reference period (1961–1990) in Hungary. The sensitivities of the main influencing factors (soil texture, vegetation cover and climate factor) were evaluated by fuzzy method and a combined wind erosion sensitivity map was compiled. The climate factor, as the driving factor of the changes, was assessed based on observed data for the reference period, while REMO and ALADIN regional climate model simulation data for the future periods. The changes in wind erosion sensitivity were evaluated on potentially affected agricultural land use types, and hot spot areas were allocated. Based on the results, 5–6% of the total agricultural areas were high sensitive areas in the reference period. In the 21st century slight or moderate changes of wind erosion sensitivity can be expected, and mostly ‘pastures’, ‘complex cultivation patterns’, and ‘land principally occupied by agriculture with significant areas of natural vegetation’ are affected. The applied combination of multi-indicator approach and fuzzy analysis provides novelty in the field of land sensitivity assessment. The method is suitable for regional scale analysis of wind erosion sensitivity changes and supports regional planning by allocating priority areas where changes in agro-technics or land use have to be considered.
One-pot synthesis of new triazole-sucrose derivatives via click chemistry and evaluation of their antitubercular activity
Authors: Hajlaoui Khaoula , Guesmi Ahlem , Ben Hamadi Naoufel , Msaddek Moncef 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Readily prepared copper nanoparticles are an effective catalyst for 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of carbohydrate azide and a variety of alkynes that furnishes the corresponding 1,2,3-triazole-sucrose derivatives in excellent yields. Products were screened for their antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
H37Rv strain. Two compounds, 3b,c, demonstrate significant growth inhibitory activity against the bacterial strain with a MIC of 3.125 mg/mL. The presence of an amide group on the 1,2,3-triazole ring enhances the inhibition activity of the molecules. The active compounds are not toxic to a normal cell line which signifies the lack of general cellular toxicity of these compounds.
Exponential decay of a finite volume scheme to the thermal equilibrium for drift–diffusion systems
Authors: Bessemoulin-Chatard Marianne , Chainais-Hillairet Claire 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we study the large-time behavior of a numerical scheme discretizing drift–diffusion systems for semiconductors. The numerical method is finite volume in space, implicit in time, and the numerical fluxes are a generalization of the classical Scharfetter–Gummel scheme which allows to consider both linear or nonlinear pressure laws.We study the convergence of approximate solutions towards an approximation of the thermal equilibrium state as time tends to infinity, and obtain a decay rate by controlling the discrete relative entropy with the entropy production. This result is proved under assumptions of existence and uniform in time
Performance Analysis of Long-Reach Coherent Detection OFDM-PON Downstream Transmission Using m-QAM-Mapped OFDM Signal
Authors: Pandey Gaurav , Goel Aditya 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-passive optical network (PON) downstream transmission is demonstrated over different lengths of fiber at remote node (RN) for different
Symmetric Mach–Zehnder Demultiplexing Technique for Optical Time-Division Multiplexing: Comparison of EAM, MZM and AM
Authors: Kaur Pawandeep , Dewra Sanjeev 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOptical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) updates the well-known technique of electrical time-division multiplexing into the optical domain. In OTDM, optical data streams are constructed by multiplexing a number of low bit-rate optical streams in time domain. In this paper, the performance of eight channel OTDM system is analyzed and compared for different modulators such as EAM, MZM and AM with Symmetric Mach–Zehnder demultiplexing switch at bit rate of 20 Gbps. The effect of input signal power on BER, Q-factor and received optical output power has been evaluated. It is observed that EAM, MZM and AM provide acceptable Q-factor of 7.70, 7.50, 6.69 and BER of 2.55×10
On-line solid phase extraction using ion-pair microparticles combined with ICP-OES for the simultaneous preconcentration and determination of uranium and thorium
Authors: Yousefi Seyed Reza , Zolfonoun Ehsan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In this work, after on-line and in-situ solid phase extraction technique was used for the extraction and preconcentration of uranium and thorium from aqueous samples prior to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) determination. In this method, sodium hexafluorophosphate (as an ion-pairing agent) was added to the sample solution containing the cationic surfactant (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide) and the complexing agent (dibenzoylmethane). A cloudy solution was formed as a result of formation of an ion pair between surfactant and hexafluorophosphate. The solid microparticles were passed through a microcolumn filter and the adsorbed microparticles were subsequently eluted with acid, which was directly introduced into the ICP-OES nebulizer. The main variables affecting the pre-concentration and determination steps of uranium and thorium were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the enhancement factors of 97 and 95 and the detection limits of 0.52 and 0.21 μg L−1 were obtained for uranium and thorium, respectively.
Extraction behaviour of Am(III) and Eu(III) from nitric acid medium in TEHDGA-HDEHP impregnated resins
Authors: Saipriya G. , Kumaresan R. , Nayak P. K. , Venkatesan K. A. , Kumar T. , Antony M. P. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The extraction behaviour of Am(III) and Eu(III) from nitric acid medium was studied in the solvent impregnated resins containing extractants such as tetra-bis(2-ethylhexyl)diglycolamide (TEHDGA) or bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) or mixture of TEHDGA+HDEHP. The rate of extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) from 1 M nitric acid and the effect of various parameters, such as the concentration of nitric acid in aqueous phase and concentration of TEHDGA and HDEHP in resin phase, on the distribution coefficient of Am(III) and Eu(III) was studied. The distribution coefficient of Am(III) and Eu(III) in HDEHP-impregnated resin decreased and that in TEHDGA-impregnated resin increased, with increase in the concentration of nitric acid. However, in (TEHDGA+HDEHP) – impregnated resin, synergic extraction was observed at lower nitric acid concentration and antagonism at higher nitric acid concentration. The mechanism of Am(III) and Eu(III) extraction in the combined resin was investigated by slope analysis method. The extraction of various metal ions present in the fast reactor simulated high-level liquid waste was studied. The separation factor of Am(III) over Eu(III) was studied using citrate-buffered diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) solution.