bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Durability Of X10CrMoVNb9-1 Steel Tubes Under Low-Cycle Fatigue And Creep Conditions After Bending With Local Induction Heating
Authors: Cieśla M. , Junak G. , Tomczak J. , Findziński R. , Kawała T. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The paper contains the results of theoretical and experimental research on the tube bending process used in the manufacturing of X10CrMoVNb9-1 steel tubes with dimensions 530 × 90 mm. An innovative technology in which the tube bending is coupled with local induction heating and the results of finite-element numerical modelling of tube bending using Simufact Forming 11.0 software are presented. A change of the geometry in the cross-section of the bend area was subjected to analysis, including the ovalization of the cross-section and the wall thickness in the regions subject to tension and compression. The geometrical features of the bend determined on the basis of numerical calculations were compared with the measurement results obtained in industrial conditions. Basic mechanical properties of the tube in the as-delivered condition and of the fabricated tube bend were determined using tensile, hardness, impact, low-cycle fatigue and creep tests. It was proved that the tube bend made of the X10CrMoVNb9-1 steel, obtained by the proposed technology, meets the requirements of the applicable standards.
Possibilities Of Metals Extracton From Spent Metallic Automotive Catalytic Converters By Using Biometallurgical Method
Authors: Willner J. , Kaduková J. , Fornalczyk A. , Mrážiková A. , Marcinčáková R. , Velgosová O. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The main task of automotive catalytic converters is reducing the amount of harmful components of exhaust gases. Metallic catalytic converters are an alternative to standard ceramic catalytic converters. Metallic carriers are usually made from FeCrAl steel, which is covered by a layer of Precious Group Metals (PGMs) acting as a catalyst. There are many methods used for recovery of platinum from ceramic carriers in the world, but the issue of platinum and other metals recovery from metallic carriers is poorly described. The article presents results of preliminary experiments of metals biooxidation (Fe, Cr and Al) from spent catalytic converters with metallic carrier, using bacteria of the Acidithiobacillus genus.
Experimental And Theoretical Determination Of Forming Limit Curve
Authors: Adamus J. , Dyja K. , Motyka M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The paper presents a method for determining forming limit curves based on a combination of experiments with finite element analysis. In the experiment a set of 6 samples with different geometries underwent plastic deformation in stretch forming till the appearance of fracture. The heights of the stamped parts at fracture moment were measured. The sheet - metal forming process for each sample was numerically simulated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The values of the calculated plastic strains at the moment when the simulated cup reaches the height of the real cup at fracture initiation were marked on the FLC. FLCs for stainless steel sheets: ASM 5504, 5596 and 5599 have been determined. The resultant FLCs are then used in the numerical simulations of sheet - metal forming. A comparison between the strains in the numerically simulated drawn - parts and limit strains gives the information if the sheet - metal forming process was designed properly.
Simulation Of The Material Softening During Hot Metal Forming
Authors: Bylya O.I. , Sarangi M.K. , Rohit N , Nayak A. , Vasin R.A. , Blackwell P.L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Deformation softening is quite often observed during hot working of different alloys. Steels, aluminium, titanium or nickel alloys can demonstrate a decrease in flow stress under active deformation at constant temperatures and strain rates. Though the background microstructural mechanisms as well as the softening rates can be quite different, the treatment of such processes requires special attention. Deformation softening can cause significant non-uniformity of the metal flow resulting in flow localization, formation of shear bands and variation of the microstructure across the workpiece. This paper is devoted to the investigation of the specific issues which arise in this respect in FEM simulation of processes involving softening. The possible role of softening in shear band formation is studied using numerical simulation and physical modelling. The effect of the softening rate on the probability of flow localization is discussed. The interplay of deformation softening with the stain rate and temperature sensitivity is demonstrated using as an example the simulation of Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). An approach to account for the deformation softening in FEM simulations via process modelling of the microstructure refinement is proposed.
The Development Of Heating Curves For Open Die Forging Of Heavy Parts
Authors: Gołdasz A. , Malinowski Z. , Telejko T. , Buczek A. , Rywotycki M. , Martynowski R. , Kowalski D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe study presents the findings of research on developing heating curves of heavy parts for the open die forging process. Hot ingots are heated in a chamber furnace. The heating process of 10, 30, 50 Mg ingots was analyzed. In addition, bearing in mind their high susceptibility to fracture, the ingots were sorted into 3 heating groups, for which the initial furnace temperature was specified. The calculations were performed with self developed software Wlewek utilizing the finite element method for the temperature, stress and strain field computations.
Research And Characterization Of Cu – Graphene, Cu-CNT’s Composites Obtained By Mechanical Synthesis
Authors: Kwaśniewski P. , Kiesiewicz G. , Knych T. , Mamala A. , Gniełczyk M. , Kawecki A. , Smyrak B. , Ściężor W. , Smaga-Sieja E. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Currently we can observe a worldwide trend to find new materials with extraordinary properties. In particular these researches are aimed to find a method to improve electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and rheological behavior of known materials. This effect can be achieved by a synthesis of modern carbon materials with metals. In this paper authors presented research results of synthesis process for Cu-graphene and Cu-CNT’s composites obtained by the mechanical synthesis in cold drawing process. The article presents also the results of electrical conductivity measurements and structural analysis of carbon particles presence in copper matrix. The research has shown that obtained composites have electrical conductivity lower than used copper base material. Additionally, the structural analysis has shown that after the drawing process carbon materials particles are mechanically pressed into Cu in the matrix, and these particles do not participate in the current flow, creating an actual barrier for electrons transport.
Effect Of Heat Treatment Parameters On The Formation Of ADI Microstructure With Additions Of Ni, Cu, Mo
Authors: Mrzygłód B. , Kowalski A. , Olejarczyk-Wożenska I. , Adrian H. , Głowacki M. , Opaliński A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMetallographic examinations and mechanical tests were carried out on the ductile iron with additions of Ni, Cu and Mo in as-cast state and after austempering. TTT and CCT diagrams were plotted. The heat treatment was performed in six different variants. Studies included qualitative assessment of the microstructure and testing of mechanical properties such as R0,2, Rm, A, Z, HRC, KC. An analysis of the obtained results was also presented.
The Effect Of Carbon Concentration On The Retained Austenite Content And The Mechanical Properties Of TRIP Steel Wire Rod Obtained From The Stelmor Controlled Cooling Line
Authors: Muskalski Z. , Wiewiórowska S. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The austenite content of the multiphase TRIP-structure steels depends, inter alia, on the carbon concentration and the properly selected parameters of the two-stage heat treatment.
Under the existing industrial conditions, it is possible to (approximately) reproduce approximately the optimal parameters of the two-stage wire rod heat treatment via the controlled wire rod cooling from the end temperature of rolling on the Stelmor line.
The investigation of the retained austenite content of TRIP wire rods with a varying carbon concentration, produced under industrial conditions, has been discussed and the effect of the multiphase structure of these wire rods on their mechanical properties has been determined in the paper.
Robust Multiscale Modelling Of Two-Phase Steels On Heterogeneous Hardware Infrastructures By Using Statistically Similar Representative Volume Element
Authors: Rauch Ł. , Bzowski K. , Bachniak D. , Pietrzyk M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The coupled finite element multiscale simulations (FE2) require costly numerical procedures in both macro and micro scales. Attempts to improve numerical efficiency are focused mainly on two areas of development, i.e. parallelization/distribution of numerical procedures and simplification of virtual material representation. One of the representatives of both mentioned areas is the idea of Statistically Similar Representative Volume Element (SSRVE). It aims at the reduction of the number of finite elements in micro scale as well as at parallelization of the calculations in micro scale which can be performed without barriers. The simplification of computational domain is realized by transformation of sophisticated images of material microstructure into artificially created simple objects being characterized by similar features as their original equivalents. In existing solutions for two-phase steels SSRVE is created on the basis of the analysis of shape coefficients of hard phase in real microstructure and searching for a representative simple structure with similar shape coefficients. Optimization techniques were used to solve this task. In the present paper local strains and stresses are added to the cost function in optimization. Various forms of the objective function composed of different elements were investigated and used in the optimization procedure for the creation of the final SSRVE. The results are compared as far as the efficiency of the procedure and uniqueness of the solution are considered. The best objective function composed of shape coefficients, as well as of strains and stresses, was proposed. Examples of SSRVEs determined for the investigated two-phase steel using that objective function are demonstrated in the paper. Each step of SSRVE creation is investigated from computational efficiency point of view. The proposition of implementation of the whole computational procedure on modern High Performance Computing (HPC) infrastructures is described. It includes software architecture of the solution as well as presentation of the middleware applied for data farming purposes.
The Influence Of Burner Locations In The Heating Furnace On The Charge Temperature Field
Authors: Rywotycki M. , Szajding A. , Malinowski Z. , Telejko T. , Gołdasz A. , Beneš M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCharge heating in industrial furnaces is a difficult and complex process. There are many physical phenomena which influence heat transfer. At the charge surface heat transfer takes place by radiation and convection. In order to ensure correct operation of the technological system, it is necessary to achieve the required charge temperature in the whole volume and ensure its uniformity.The influence of selected burner locations inside the furnace on the charge temperature has been analysed. The temperature field and its uniformity in the round charge made of steel for hot open die forging have been analysed. The model and numerical calculations were performed with the ANSYS-Fluent 14.5 package.
The Effect Of Two-Stage Age Hardening Treatment Combined With Shot Peening On Stress Distribution In The Surface Layer Of 7075 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Kaczmarek Ł. , Zawadzki P. , Stegliński M. , Wójcik R. , Klich M. , Kyzioł K. , Kottfer D. , Januszewicz B. , Pawłowski W. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The article present the results of the study on the improvement of mechanical properties of the surface layer of 7075 aluminum alloy via two-stage aging combined with shot peening. The experiments proved that thermo-mechanical treatment may significantly improve hardness and stress distribution in the surface layer. Compressive stresses of 226 MPa±5.5 MPa and hardness of 210±2 HV were obtained for selected samples.
Microscopic And Spectroscopic Research Of The MWCNTs-Re Nanocomposites
Authors: Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A.D. , Wolany W. , Cichocki D. , Łukowiec D. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The combination of TEM research and Raman spectroscopy to characterization of MWNTs-Re nanocomposites gives a new notion about the structure and quality of materials obtained. TEM studies indicate that the functionalization method significantly influences the morphology of obtained MWCNTs-Re nanocomposites. Due to the specific spectrum recorded for the MWCNTs they can be distinguished from other forms of carbon, furthermore comparative analysis of the results at different stages of the manufacturing process confirms the covalent modification of the MWCNTs structure.
The D-band intensity compared to the G-band intensity provides valuable information about the quality of the sample, in particular indicates the existence of contamination and/or the presence of structural defects. Preliminary results suggest that the high-temperature manufacturing process of MWCNTs-Re nanocomposite improves the quality of the carbon material intended for the experiment.
Mechanical Spectroscopy Of Bearing Steel
Authors: Lu Xiaohui , Li Wei , Lu Xianwen , Jin Mingjiang , Min Na , Jin Xuejun 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This study presents mechanical spectroscopy of bearing steel subjected to different heat treatments. A non-thermally activated maximum, P1, was found at 130°C, in quenched martensitic samples, which were austenitized at 1050°C and 860°C, and presented twin martensite microstructures. It is suggested that the mechanism of the P1 maximum, observed on the low-temperature side of Snoek-Köster peak, is related to the change of defect configurations in twinned martensite assisted with high mobility of the solute carbon atoms under an external harmonic stress field applied during mechanical loss measurements.
Deposition Of Oxide And Intermetallic Thin Films By Pulsed Laser (PLD) And Electron Beam (PED) Methods
Authors: Kusiński J. , Kopia A. , Cieniek Ł. , Kąc S. , Radziszewska A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this work the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and the pulsed electron beam deposition (PED) techniques were used for fabrication of Mo-Bi2O3, La1−xSrxCoO3, La1−xCaxCoO3 and Al-Mg thin films. An influence of ablation process basic parameters on the coatings structure and properties was discussed. Two types of laser ablation systems were applied: one equipped with a KrF excimer and second with a Q-switched Nd:YAG. Films were deposited on Si and MgO substrates. Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for structural analysis. Investigations focused on structure and chemical composition showed that smooth and dense thin films with nanocrystalline structure, preserving the composition of the bulk target, could be obtained by the both PLD and PED techniques. Research study showed that by a proper selection of PLD and PED process parameters it was possible to deposit films with significantly decreased amount and size of undesirably nanoparticulates.
Haemocompatibility Of Non-Functionalized And Plasmachemical Functionalized Detonation Nanodiamond Particles
Authors: Mitura K. , Jedrzejewska-Szczerska M. , Ceynowa P. , Dudek M. , Cicha M. , Kotela I. , Mitura S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present the innovative design of microwave plasma system for modification of detonation nanodiamond particles (DNP) using a special rotating drum placed inside the reactor. Nanodiamond particles manufactured by detonation method reveal the biological activity depending on surface functionalization. Plasmachemical modification of detonation nanodiamond particles gives the possibility of controlling surface of nanodiamonds particles in biological tests. In this paper we would like to compare detonation nanodiamond (the grain sizes from 2 to 5 nm) with modified detonation nanodiamond in rotary reactor chamber, by microwave plasma activated chemical vapour deposition (MW PACVD) method in materials research (Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy) and in vitro examinations with full of human blood. The results indicate haemocompatibility of non-modified detonation nanodiamond and modified nanodiamond by MW PACVD method in rotary reactor chamber (modifiedND-3) and the presence of haemolysis in commercial detonation nanodiamond.
Deformation And Fracture Analysis Of Coating-Substrate Systems
Authors: Kot M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the deformation and fracture analysis of coating-substrate systems during spherical indentation. CrN and TiN ceramic coatings with a thickness of 1-5 μm were tested using 10 to 200 μm tip radius spherical indenters. The typical results of indentation tests i.e. force-penetration depth curves were transformed into stress-strain curves using an algorithm developed by the author. The test results are compared with the results of numerical analysis conducted using FEM modelling. Such a complex analysis allows users to determine the level of tensile stress leading to the formation of cracks observed using SEM and TEM microscopy, and to define the failure maps for the coating substrate-systems.
The Wear Mechanisms Description Of Multilayer Coatings, Performed By Transmission Electron Microscopy – An Overview Of The Own Research Work
Authors: Major Ł. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The aim of the presented paper was to describe the wear mechanisms operating at the small length scale in multilayer coatings subjected to a mechanical testing. A hybrid PLD system (Pulsed Laser Deposition connected with magnetron sputtering) was used for the multi-layer coating deposition. Coatings were subjected to indentation, ball-on disc wear and scratch adhesion tests. Microstructure of the as-deposited coating and after mechanical tests was studied using the Scanning (SEM) and the Transmission (TEM) Electron Microscopes. The research work revealed that application of innovative multilayer coatings may allow to predict their life time and to steer their properties.
Characterization Of Oxide Layers Produced On The AISI 321 Stainless Steel After Annealing
Authors: Bochnowski W. , Dziedzic A. , Adamiak S. , Berchenko M. , Trzyna M. , Cebulski J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this study, the structure, chemical composition and topography of oxide layers produced on the surface of the AISI 321 austenitic steel in the annealing process were analyzed. Heat treatment was done at 980°C temperature for 1 hour time in different conditions. The annealing was done in a ceramic furnace in oxidation atmosphere and in vacuum furnaces with cylindrical molybdenum and graphite chambers. The analysis was carried out using the following methods: a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a secondary ion mass spectrometer with time-of-flight mass analyzer (TOF SIMS) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The oxide layer formed during annealing of the AISI 321 steel at 980°C consisted of sub-layers, diversified in the chemical composition. The thickness of the oxidized layer is depended on the annealing conditions. In a ceramic furnace in oxidation atmosphere, the thickness of the oxide layer was of 300-500 nm, in a vacuum furnace with molybdenum and graphite heating chambers, it ranged from 40 to 300 nm and from a few to 50 nm, respectively. TOF SIMS method allows to get average (for the surface of 100 μm × 100 μm) depth profiles of concentration of particular elements and elements combined with oxygen. In oxide layers formed in vacuum furnaces there are no iron oxides. Titanium, apart from being bounded with carbon in carbides, is a component of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the AISI 321 steel.
Analysis Of Separation Mechanism Of The Metallic Phase Of Slag In The Direct-To-Blister Process
Authors: Bydałek A.W. , Wołczyński W. , Bydałek A. , Schlafka P. , Kwapisiński P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe article discusses the structure of the slag in the liquid state, the properties and interactions within the slag. The analysis of structures occurring in slag suspension were presented with regard to differences in chemical composition in micro-areas. Two different mechanisms for formation of precipitates in Cu-Fe-Pb alloys during extraction were showed.
Effect Of The Spacing Between Submicroscopic Oxide Impurities On The Fatigue Strength Of Structural Steel
Authors: Lipiński T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe article discusses the effect of distance between submicroscopic oxide impurities (up to 2 μm in size) on the fatigue resistance coefficient of structural steel during rotary bending. The study was performed on 21 heats produced in an industrial plant. Fourteen heats were produced in 140 ton electric furnaces, and 7 heats were performed in a 100 ton oxygen converter. All heats were desulfurized. Furthermore seven heats from electrical furnaces were refined with argon, and heats from the converter were subjected to vacuum circulation degassing.Steel sections with a diameter of 18 mm were hardened from austenitizing by 30 minutes in temperature 880°C and tempered at a temperature of 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600°C. The experimental variants were compared in view of the applied melting technology and heat treatment options. The results were presented graphically and mathematically. The fatigue resistance coefficient of structural steel with the effect of spacing between submicroscopic oxide impurities was determined during rotary bending. The results revealed that fatigue resistance coefficientkis determined by the distance between submicroscopic non-metallic inclusions and tempering temperature.
Range Of Thermal Conductivity Changes Of Wet Green Foundry Sand During Casting Solidification
Authors: Krajewski P.K. , Piwowarski G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe paper presents results of measuring thermal conductivity of green sand mould material and time of castings solidification evaluated from cooling curves. During the experiments pure Cu (99,8 %) plate was cast into the examined sand moulds. Basing on the measurements it was stated that thermal conductivity of the moulding sand has complex temperature variability, especially during the water vaporization. It was confirmed that water vaporization strongly influences thermal conductivity of the moulding sand in the first period of the mould heating by the poured casting. The obtained dependence should be used in the numerical calculations to improve their accuracy.
Back-Diffusion In Crystal Growth. Peritectics
Authors: Wołczyński W. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A model for the solute micro-segregation/redistribution is delivered. The description is associated with solidification of the peritectic alloys. The peritectic transformation is treated as the phenomenon which modifies the solute redistribution profile resulting from both partitioning and back-diffusion. The relationship allowing for the amount of peritectic phase calculation is also formulated.