bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting healthful and diverse eating behaviours through an extracurricular culinary skills intervention in Philadelphia
Authors: Kearney Matthew D. , Maheu Arlene R. , Booth Madalyn , Newberg Andrew B. , Cronholm Peter F. , Ayubcha Soussan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the current study we evaluated an afterschool nutrition education programme, called Vetri Cooking Lab (VCL), for promoting healthy and diverse eating habits among at-risk children in the Greater Philadelphia area. To understand potential programme impacts, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of survey data collected before and after participation in VCL. Main study included cooking confidence, cooking knowledge, changes in dietary consumption behaviours, and changes in vegetable preferences. Participants included students in grades 3–11 enrolled in VCL during the 2018–19 school year at VCL sites (n = 60) throughout Philadelphia, PA, and Camden, NJ. Eligible participants completed surveys both before and after participating in the programme. We found that students’ confidence and knowledge increased (P < 0.001) after the cooking intervention. Knowledge and confidence were positively associated (r = 0.55; P < 0.001). Confidence was correlated with consumption behaviour changes (r = 0.18; P = 0.022). Confidence was positively associated with consumption changes in both our adjusted (OR = 1.81; P < 0.001) and unadjusted models (aOR = 1.88; P = 0.013). Compared to Black students, White students were more likely to report consumption changes (aOR = 5.83; P = 0.013). Hispanic/Latino participants and participants who spoke Spanish had nearly three times higher odds of consumption behaviour changes (Hispanic/Latino OR = 2.55; P = 0.007; Spanish OR = 3.04; P = 0.005). Student age and gender were not associated with behaviour changes. Our research demonstrates that programmes integrating practical cooking skills education along with nutrition, food, and cooking education can improve confidence and knowledge about healthy food choices amongst children driving an overall improvement in children’s eating habits.
The k-core in percolated dense graph sequences
Authors: Bayraktar Erhan , Chakraborty Suman , Zhang Xin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe determine the order of the k-core in a large class of dense graph sequences. Let
$G_n$
be a sequence of undirected, n-vertex graphs with edge weights
$\{a^n_{i,j}\}_{i,j \in [n]}$
that converges to a graphon
$W\colon[0,1]^2 \to [0,+\infty)$
in the cut metric. Keeping an edge (i,j) of
$G_n$
with probability
${a^n_{i,j}}/{n}$
independently, we obtain a sequence of random graphs
$G_n({1}/{n})$
. Using a branching process and the theory of dense graph limits, under mild assumptions we obtain the order of the k-core of random graphs
$G_n({1}/{n})$
. Our result can also be used to obtain the threshold of appearance of a k-core of order n.
Strengthening mainstream consensus? The effect of radical right populist parties on the defense policies of left parties
Authors: Matsunaga Miku , Winzen Thomas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study how the electoral success of radical right populist parties (RRPPs) affects mainstream parties' defense policy positions. The success of RRPPs threatens the credibility of established left-wing parties with coalition and international partners due to substantive overlap between their and RRPPs' defense-skeptical position. We argue that left parties adopt more assertive defense positions to distinguish themselves from RRPPs, thus increasing mainstream consensus on defense policy. Examining 27 European countries between the end of the Cold War and Russia's occupation of Crimea (1990–2013), we test this argument based on a regression discontinuity design around electoral thresholds for obtaining parliamentary seats. We find that, in response to RRPP success, left parties adopt more assertive defense policy positions, whereas center-right parties stand their ground. This study yields evidence for an adversarial response to the radical right, often thought to have lost out to accommodation, and for mechanisms other than electoral incentives, in a highly consequential domain.
FROBENIUS–SCHUR INDICATORS FOR PROJECTIVE CHARACTERS WITH APPLICATIONS
Authors: HIGGS R. J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Let

$\alpha $

be a complex valued

$2$

-cocycle of finite order of a finite group

$G.$

The nth Frobenius–Schur indicator of an irreducible

$\alpha $

-character of G is defined and its properties are investigated. The indicator is interpreted in general for

$n =2$

and it is shown that it can be used to determine whether an irreducible

$\alpha $

-character is real-valued under the assumption that the order of

$\alpha $

and its cohomology class are both

$2$

. A formula, involving the real

$\alpha $

-regular conjugacy classes of

$G,$

is found to count the number of real-valued irreducible

$\alpha $

-characters of G under the additional assumption that these characters are class functions.
Parents and the Challenge of Children
Authors: Angers William P. 
Published: October 2024

Too many children present problems fraught with danger these days. One has only to pick up the newspapers or listen to the news to appreciate the seriousness and. scope of the child-adult conflict as well as its far-reaching consequences. Indeed, it is not uncommon to read of parents and teachers being beaten, injured or killed. Conflicts and tensions between adults and children are becoming too much the rule rather than the exception.All kinds of explanations have been offered for the misbehaviour and misdeeds. Some say the attitude on the part of children is caused by the influence of comic books. Others claim it is lack of adult discipline at home and school. Some lay the blame to a decline of ethical and moral values as religion loses its grasp on people and has lost its significance to the modern mind. Still others say the reason is due to lack of respect for authority which stems from home and school situations.
Superspreading of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis of event attack rates and individual transmission patterns
Authors: McKee Clifton D. , Yu Emma X. , Garcia Andrés , Jackson Jules , Koyuncu Aybüke , Rose Sophie , Azman Andrew S. , Lobner Katie , Sacks Emma , Van Kerkhove Maria D. , Gurley Emily S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 superspreading occurs when transmission is highly efficient and/or an individual infects many others, contributing to rapid spread. To better quantify heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 transmission, particularly superspreading, we performed a systematic review of transmission events with data on secondary attack rates or contact tracing of individual index cases published before September 2021 prior to the emergence of variants of concern and widespread vaccination. We reviewed 592 distinct events and 9,883 index cases from 491 papers. A meta-analysis of secondary attack rates identified substantial heterogeneity across 12 chosen event types/settings, with the highest transmission (25–35%) in co-living situations including households, nursing homes, and other congregate housing. Among index cases, 67% reported zero secondary cases and only 3% (287) infected >5 secondary cases (“superspreaders”). Index case demographic data were limited, with only 55% of individuals reporting age, sex, symptoms, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycle threshold values, or total contacts. With the data available, we identified a higher percentage of superspreaders among symptomatic individuals, individuals aged 49–64 years, and individuals with over 100 total contacts. Addressing gaps in the literature regarding transmission events and contact tracing is needed to properly explain the heterogeneity in transmission and facilitate control efforts for SARS-CoV-2 and other infections.
Modelling contrast and feature inventory: the nature of [web] in French Sign Language
Authors: Mertz Justine , Geraci Carlo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFeature-based models of sign language use distinctive features to describe the phonological structure of signs. We use near-minimal pairs and phonological phenomena like productivity and neutralisation in French Sign Language to show that the feature [web], which refers to the webbing part of the fingers, should be (re)introduced into the list of phonologically active features. In discussing potential cases of [web] in other sign languages and the impact on the shape of phonological inventories, we first offer an account of [web] in terms of a location feature in line with most traditional feature-geometry models. We then offer some speculations on why a more uniform characterisation of [web] and the features in the same subclass in terms of the orientation type results in more economical models.
Oxygen saturation measurement in cyanotic heart disease with the Apple watch
Authors: Weis Angelika , Leroy Martin , Jux Christian , Rupp Stefan , Backhoff David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground:Accurate measurement of transcutaneous oxygen saturation is important for the assessment of cyanosis in CHD. Aim of this study was the evaluation of a supplementary transcutaneous oxygen saturation measurement with an Apple watch® in children with cyanotic heart disease.Material and methods:During a six-minute walk test, measurement of transcutaneous oxygen saturation was performed simultaneously with an Oximeter (Nellcor, Medtronic, USA) and an Apple watch® Series 7 (Apple inc, USA) in 36 children with cyanotic heart disease.Results:Median age was 9.2 (IQR 5.7–13.8) years. Transcutaneous oxygen saturation measurement with the Apple watch® was possible in 35/36 and 34/36 subjects before and after six-minute walk test. Children, in whom Apple watch® measurement was not possible, had a transcutaneous oxygen saturation < 85% on oximeter. Before six-minute walk test, median transcutaneous oxygen saturation was 93 (IQR 91–97) % measured by oximeter and 95 (IQR 93–96) % by the Apple watch®. After a median walking distance of 437 (IQR 360–487) m, transcutaneous oxygen saturation dropped to 92 (IQR 88–95, p < 0.001) % by oximeter and to 94 (IQR 90–96, p = 0.013) % measured with the Apple watch®.Conclusion:In children with mild cyanosis measurement of transcutaneous oxygen saturation with an Apple watch® showed only valid results if transcutaneous oxygen saturation was > 85%, with higher values being measured with the smart watch. In children with moderate or severe cyanosis transcutaneous oxygen saturation, measurement with the Apple watch® was not reliable and cannot be recommended to monitor oxygen saturation at home.
The problem of complex legislation
Authors: Crawford Lisa Burton 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt has long been said that legislation ought to be knowable: accessible, comprehensible, and so forth. This is often described as an essential element of the rule of law. But in many legal systems, legislation has become so voluminous and complex that few people know its content. Rather than admit that the rule of law has been compromised, some scholars take legislative complexity as a provocation to rethink what the rule of law requires—and conclude that, for various reasons, the rule of law can prevail even if legislation is not reasonably knowable to the people. This article responds to this line of scholarship and defends the orthodox position that the public ought to be able to understand legislation, or at least reasonably so. That is necessary to enable people to plan their lives in a way that properly reflects the role of legislation in contemporary administrative states.
Beyond Legislative Intent
Authors: Levenbook Barbara Baum 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is a widely held view that legislative intention determines the meaning of a statute. The focus of this article is meaning in the sense of full linguistic content, which may not be the same as legal content. Linguistic intentionalism appears to have its greatest appeal when a statute has a partly implied linguistic meaning. It seems natural to suppose that the part of the meaning that is implied by the explicit wording in the statute is determined by an intention of the legislature—roughly, what the legislature intended to imply. The purpose of this article is to present some new reasons to doubt linguistic intentionalism and to offer an alternative for a particular kind of implied statutory meaning that some philosophers of language call implicitures. Rather than legislative intention, the meaning of implicitures is metaphysically determined by intention-free pragmatic linguistic norms, the grasp of which is part of the language competence of ordinary law subjects. The use of these norms, in combination with certain facts about background social practices and other conventions, generates implicitures that may be inconsistent with actual communicative intentions. These intention-free pragmatic norms, and the implicitures they generate, are explanatorily prior to the fact—if there is such a fact—of what impliciture it is reasonable to infer that the enacting legislature (or the legislators collectively) intended. Reference to legislative linguistic intention (actual or reasonably imputed) is thus explanatorily inert.
Toward sustainable food consumption: an indicator framework for a food provisioning sustainable consumption corridor (SCC)
Authors: Kendall Sarah S. , Dillman Kevin J. , Davíðsdóttir Brynhildur , Heinonen Jukka 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Non-technical summary
Growth in resource consumption and associated environmental degradation threatens food systems, with millions of people living in hunger globally, demonstrating the need for greater socio-ecological efficiency in food provisioning. This paper considers how sustainable consumption can ensure that human needs with regards to food provisioning (food security) are met within globally sustainable limits. It follows a sectoral approach to sustainable consumption corridors (SCCs), to develop an indicator framework for a food provisioning systems SCC.

Technical summary
Bridging social and ecological evaluations of sustainability in food systems has proved to be a challenge, illustrating the need for indicator sets which link environmental impacts and social achievement within a single framework. This work aims to fill that research gap by considering how the sustainable consumption corridor (SCC) framework can be used to examine the socio-ecological efficiency of food provisioning systems and developing a comprehensive SCC framework for food provisioning. The framework uses domains to define the minimum level of consumption needed to meet human needs (social foundation [SF]) and the maximum level of environmental impact the earth system can tolerate (ecological ceiling [EC]) while sustainably meeting those needs. It does so through the production of an indicator set for food provisioning systems that gives indicators and thresholds for the EC and SF domains within a single framework. This output is followed by a discussion of how this global SCC framework could be altered for use in different contexts, and suggestions for how such a framework could inform consumption linked sustainability policy.

Social-media summary
This work puts forth a sustainable consumption corridor framework to evaluate if food provisioning systems are meeting human needs within sustainable limits.
Economic and non-economic loss and damage: a harmful dichotomy?
Authors: van Schie Douwe , Jackson Guy , Serdeczny Olivia , van der Geest Kees 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Non-technical summary
Loss and damage is treated as comprising separate ‘economic’ and ‘non-economic’ dimensions in research and policy. While this has contributed to greater awareness and visibility of non-economic values, our empirical insights show that the two are inextricably linked and that research aimed at informing policy must be better attuned to the multifaceted and cascading nature of loss and damage.

Technical summary
In research and policy, climate-related loss and damage is commonly categorized as either ‘economic’ or ‘non-economic’. One clear benefit of this dichotomy is that it has raised people's awareness of the often under-discussed intangible loss and damage. However, empirical research shows that these two categories are inextricably linked. Indeed, ‘economic’ and ‘non-economic’ loss and damage often overlap, with items that are valued in monetary terms also having non-monetary significance. For example, the loss of a home due to flooding is not only a financial loss but can also have a profound impact on identity and well-being. Moreover, ‘economic’ loss and damage can cascade into ‘non-economic’ loss and damage, and vice versa. For example, when a household incurs economic losses due to drought, this may prevent their children from attending school, which has long-term financial consequences. We argue that rather than dichotomizing loss and damage, recognizing that it is multidimensional, interwoven, and evolving over time will open up new avenues for research that better reflect reality and can therefore better inform policies to address loss and damage.

Social media
This comment shows how economic and non-economic loss and damage are linked, which has important policy implications.
Bacteria as potential biocontrol agents for managing purple witchweed (Striga hermonthica) in grain sorghum
Authors: Osman Nadia Yasseen , Ahmad-Hamdani Muhammad Saiful , Oslan Siti Nurbaya , Zulperi Dzarifah Mohamed , Mohd Hashim Amalia , Saidi Noor Baity 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurple witchweed [Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth.], a highly destructive parasitic weed, poses a significant threat to sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivation. This hemiparasitic plant intrudes its root system into the host plant, leading to substantial yield losses, particularly in susceptible genotypes. In the pursuit of eco-friendly solutions, the biocontrol approach has gained attention as a potential management strategy for Striga. In this study, 13 bacterial strains belonging to the genera Bacillus, Gluconobacter, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces were investigated in vitro for their efficiency in controlling the early-stage development of Striga. Among the tested strains, Streptomyces morookaensis NRRL B-12429 demonstrated significant inhibition of Striga seed germination and radicle elongation at 54.36% and 61.84%, respectively, when applied to preconditioned seeds with a synthetic germination stimulant. The effect of S. morookaensis on the inhibition of Striga seed germination was more pronounced in the presence of the host plant, sorghum, at 62.35%. However, biopriming of sorghum seeds with S. morookaensis did not enhance the inhibitory effects on Striga seed germination but resulted in a greater reduction in radicle elongation at 74.64% compared with non-primed seeds. Additionally, the biopriming with S. morookaensis promoted the growth of shoots and roots of germinating sorghum, regardless of the presence of Striga seeds. These findings highlight the potential of S. morookaensis strain NRRL B-12429 as a viable candidate for biocontrol agent applications in sorghum cultivation. Further exploration and investigation of its biocontrol capabilities can provide valuable insights for sustainable management practices against Striga infestations.
Optimizing ExoMars Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science II: Choosing and Using Multispectral Filters for Dynamic Planetary Surface Exploration With Linear Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Stabbins R. B. , Grindrod P. M. , Motaghian S. , Allender E. J. , Cousins C. R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper we address two problems associated with data‐limited dynamic spacecraft exploration: data‐prioritization for transmission, and data‐reduction for interpretation, in the context of ESA ExoMars rover multispectral imaging. We present and explore a strategy for selecting and combining subsets of spectral channels captured from the ExoMars Panoramic Camera, and attempt to seek hematite against a background of phyllosilicates and basalts as a test case scenario, anticipated from orbital studies of the rover landing site. We compute all available dimension reductions on the material reflectance spectra afforded by 4 spectral parameter types, and consider all possible paired combinations of these. We then find the optimal linear combination of each pair whilst evaluating the resultant target‐vs.‐background separation in terms of the Fisher Ratio and classification accuracy, using Linear Discriminant Analysis. We find ∼50,000 spectral parameter combinations with a classification accuracy >95% that use 6‐or‐less filters, and that the highest accuracy score is 99.6% using 6 filters, but that an accuracy of >99% can still be achieved with 2 filters. We find that when the more computationally efficient Fisher Ratio is used to rank the combinations, the highest accuracy is 99.1% using 4 filters, and 95.1% when limited to 2 filters. These findings are applicable to the task of time‐constrained planning of multispectral observations, and to the evaluation and cross‐comparison of multispectral imaging systems at specific material discrimination tasks.
Learning About Sea Level Rise Uncertainty Improves Coastal Adaptation Decisions
Authors: Völz Vanessa , Hinkel Jochen , Kupfer Sunna , MacPherson Leigh R. , Wulff Norrby Carl Jacob 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdaptive decision‐making allows decision‐makers to plan long‐term coastal infrastructure under uncertain sea level rise projections. To date, economic assessments of adaptive decision‐making that take into account future learning about sea level rise uncertainty are rare and the existing ones have relied on simple quantification of future learning not validated against sea level science. To address this gap, we develop an economic adaptive decision‐making framework that takes into account future learning about sea level rise uncertainty and apply it to a coastal case study in Lübeck, Germany, to answer the question of how adaptation to sea level rise can be improved through adaptive adaptation pathways as opposed to non‐adaptive pathways. To address this question, we use a Markov decision process to formulate the stochastic optimization problem. We quantify future learning about sea level rise uncertainty through sea level rise learning scenarios based on and validated against the latest scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Our case study results show that the city of Lübeck is currently under‐protected against storm surges and that immediate adaptation actions are advisable in the face of future sea level rise. We find that adaptive adaptation pathways, in contrast to non‐adaptive pathways, generate sea level rise thresholds for adaptation actions that are similar across climate change scenarios and can reduce expected costs up to 1.8%.