bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of anti-HLA antibody monitoring in the diagnosis of immunological complications following kidney transplantation
Authors: Aleksandrova V. O. , Dmitriev I. V. , Borovkova N. V. , Balkarov A. G. , Mushta N. A. , Shmarina N. V. , Doronina N. V. , Lazareva K. E. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Despite improvements in immunosuppressive therapy procedures, immunological complications continue to be a major cause of kidney graft loss. The level of pre-existing and de novo synthesized anti-HLA antibodies (AB) has shown high significance in modern diagnosis of graft rejection and assessment of the efficacy of anti-crisis therapy.Objective: to analyze the frequency and specificity of pre-existing and de novo synthesized (including donor-specific), anti-HLA antibodies, to assess their impact on acute rejection crisis and kidney transplant (KT) outcomes in the early postoperative period.Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed the treatment outcomes of 637 patients, who received a deceased-donor kidney transplant at Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care from 2020 to 2022. Pre-existing and de novo synthesized anti-HLA AB, including donor-specific antibodies (DSA), were determined and their impact on the incidence of acute rejection crisis (ARC) in the early postoperative period and on kidney graft function was assessed.Results. In non-sensitized patients, the ARC rate was 10.7% (n = 58), primary initial graft function was noted in 354 patients (65.6%), and satisfactory function at discharge was observed in 377 patients (70%). Pre-existing anti-HLA AB was detected in 97 recipients (15.2%); ARC developed in 14 recipients (14.4%) from this group, 51 (52.6%) patients had primary initial function, and 62 (63.9%) exhibited satisfactory function at discharge. De novo anti-HLA AB synthesis after transplantation was noted in 70 (11%) patients, ARC in 10 of them (16.7%), 38 (54.3%) had primary function, and 43 (61.4%) had satisfactory function at discharge. DSA synthesis was detected in 10 patients, ARC was diagnosed in 5 (50%) of them, primary initial function and satisfactory function at discharge were noted in 3 (30%) recipients.Conclusions. The presence of pre-existing and/or de novo anti-HLA AB synthesis after KT under rationally selected immunosuppressive therapy did not statistically significantly affect the early outcomes of graft function. However, DSA synthesis statistically significantly increased the incidence of acute rejection, kidney graft dysfunction and increased the time of recovery of nitrogen excretory function.
PARADIGMA HUKUM ISLAM (KLASIK DAN ALTERNATIF)
Authors: Susfita Nunung 
Published: September 2024

Paradigma merupakan suatu kumpulan asumsi, konsep dan proporsi yang disatukan secara logis dan berfungsi mengarahkan pemikiran dan pengkajian. Agama samawi sebelum Islam, mempunyai kapasitas jangkauan waktu dan tempat yang terbatas. Sifat temporer itu dibatasi dengan kehadiran Nabi setelahnya, seperti ajaran Musa a.s. Dead line-nya adalah ketika ajaran Isa a.s tiba. Berbeda dengan itu, agama Islam yang dibawa oleh Nabi Muhammad saw, merupakan agama terakhir dan penutup. Al-qur’an pada hakekatnya adalah dukumen keagaman dan etika yang bertujuan praktis, menciptakan masyarakat yang bermoral baik dan adil. Doktrin kemerdekaan berkehendak manusia seperti dicanangkan oleh kaum Mu’tazillah menjadi bagian dari konsep teologi mengenai keadilan Tuhan dan mengalahkan segi aslinya yaitu kemerdekaan dan tanggung jawab manusia. Di antara kaum Ortodoks, kemerdekaan manusia ini berarti ketidak-merdekaan Tuhan. Mereka menuduh aliran Mu’tazilah sebagai humanisme yang ekstrim, mereka menegaskan bahwa Tuhan berada di luar konsep manusia tentang keadilan. Apa yang dipandang manusia sebagai keadilan Tuhan tidaklah berarti demikian bagiNya, tetapi apa yang diperbuatNya bagi manusia memang tampak adil dan rasional bagi manusia.
Basalt Accumulation Fuels Warm Slab’s Subduction into Lower Mantle
Authors: Shi Danian , Shen Yang , Shi Jianyu , Xiang Hua , Zhao Rongtao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

How and why oceanic slabs subduct into the lower mantle is crucial in understanding the mantle dynamics and evolution, but remains unclear. Here we present seismic images of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) beneath the Sumatra subduction zone that reveal phase transformations of both the olivine and garnet systems, exhibiting a relatively warm slab in a ~250-km-wide passage from ~350 to ~750 km, then broadening to ~600 km wide at ~780 km depths. The amplitudes of converted waves at the interfaces of the MTZ base and the topmost of the lower mantle suggest up to ~75±25% of basalts in a basalt-harzburgite assemblage and thus intensive enrichment of oceanic crust near the upper-lower mantle boundary, and a gradual reduction of basalt content toward the depthsof ~780 km. Mineral physics modeling shows that such basaltic enrichment provides sufficient positive density contrasts and driving forces for downwelling of the slab assemblage into the lower mantle, and negative density contrasts and thereby buoyancy for the upward concentration of basalts in the uppermost lower mantle. The residual part of the slab assemblage subjected to the basalt reduction is rheologically more weak and conducive to itsflattening and broadening between 750 to 1200 km depths.
Sneaky Glitch: A Clock Glitch Generator to attack the AMD-Xilinx PLL
Authors: Leuenberger Lukas , Willi Roman , Amiet Dorian , Zbinden Paul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Cryptographic algorithms are indispensable from today’s world and often require high-throughput implementations accelerated by specialized hardware like field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). However, these implementations are vulnerable to side-channel attacks such as clock glitch attacks. This paper presents a clock glitch generator designed to insert glitches into a clock signal using only FPGA clocking resources to ensure signal purity. By incorporating an FPGA-internal calibration method, the start and width of the glitches can be set with a precision of 0.53°, equal to 14.8 ps, for a 100 MHz clock. The generator’s architecture allows glitches to be inserted in the positive and the negative phase of the clock. This increases the versatility of the possible attacks. The clock glitch generator was used to attack both the mixed-mode clock manager (MMCM) and phase-locked loop (PLL) primitives within the 7-Series and Ultrascale+ family. Despite the PLL’s ability to filter out clock glitches, an attack scenario was successfully identified that stealthily increased the output frequency of a 7-Series MMCM and PLL by up to 68%.
Diversity and correlation studies of intraspecific hybrids for their morphological traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Bilal Nouman , Nazeer wajad , Tipu Abdul Latif , Liaqat Shoaib , Sarwar Muhammad , Basheer Maria 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is great source of natural fiber and sixth largest source for oil and contributed to GDP of Pakistan. Therefore, present research aimed to assess the genetic diversity of 61 crosses in terms of yield and yield-related traits. This study also analyzed the correlation between these traits for selection. Plant height showed a positive and highly significant correlation with the main stem nodes. However, the number of squares showed a positive and highly significant relationship with plant height and number of main stem nodes. The number of flowers showed a moderate and significant correlation with the number of squares. Furthermore, the number of green bolls strongly correlated with the number of main stem nodes, plant height and number of open bolls. The cotton leaf curl virus disease % was negatively correlated with the number of main stem nodes plant height and number of green bolls. Genetic diversity among germplasm forms the foundation of any breeding program and is pivotal for increasing yield. Principal component analysis revealed a total variance of 53% among crosses, with PC-I contributing 34.3% and PC-II contributing 18.7% of yield-related traits. Of eight PCs the four PCs exhibit > 1 eigen values. The number of squares per plant, the number of green bolls, and the number of flowers had positive effects on the first two PC components. Clusters I and II exhibited maximum values for the number of squares, the number of green bolls, the number of flowers, and resistance to cotton leaf curl virus disease. Crosses in cluster II displayed reasonable values for the number of open bolls and the number of flowers but showed susceptibility to cotton leaf curl virus disease. The crosses like, IS-29 × VR-5, 217007 × VR-5, IS-12 × VR-5, (MNH-1090 × MNH-875) × 875, (MNH-1090 × MNH-875/4) × 875/4, (MNH-872 × SS 32) × 872, CRP-255 × Super Gold, CRP-212 × FH-333, (MNH-872 × SS-102) × 872, (MNH-872 × MNH-875/4) × 875/4, CRI-288 × CRI-294, and CRI-287 × CRI-212 were genetically diverse for most of the studied morphological traits. This comprehensive information, derived through the application of various statistical tools, is essential for assessing the diversity of crosses to successfully develop an improved breeding program.
WITHDRAWN: CPEB3 can regulate seizure susceptibility by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of STAT3 on NMDARs expression
Authors: You Zhipeng , Huang Cong , Wei Fan , Li Jiran , Liu Yang , Liu Xingan , Fan Zhijie , Gao Xiaoying , Sun Jiahang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors in order to comply with an institutional policy on preprints. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference.
Cholecalciferol Potential in the Treatment of Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients: Evidence for Autophagy and Mitochondrial Mechanisms
Authors: Suardi Dodi , Judistiani Raden Tina Dewi , Wibowo Viko Duvadilan , Trianasari Nurvita , Hidayat Basuki , Lesmana Ronny , Supriyadi Rudi , Rauf Syahrul , Setiabudiawan Budi , Hidayat Yudi Mulyana , Nisa Aisyah Shofiatun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction. Cholecalciferol, also known as vitamin D3, has been investigated in various cancer studies with conflicting results. Cervical cancer, the second most common cancer among women, has a high fatality rate in its advanced stages. Supplementation of cholecalciferol is recommended for cervical cancer patients. There is a significant need to explore potential pathways to understand how cholecalciferol affects cervical cancer, particularly in autophagy mechanisms and mitochondrial function.
Methods. An observational study was carried out on 66 patients with advanced-stage cervical cancer at Hasan Sadikin Hospital. These patients received an oral dose of 10,000 IU of cholecalciferol daily during and after radiation therapy. The patients were monitored closely using RECIST criteria. Sixteen patients agreed to have their blood collected to measure cholecalciferol and autophagy biomarkers before and after radiotherapy. The biomarkers targeted for measurement were p62, LC3b1, LC3b2, TOM20, and COX4.
Results. All participants exhibited clinical improvement. The average serum cholecalciferol level exceeded 30 ng/ml, indicating that the administered dose was adequate to treat and prevent deficiency. Significant changes were observed in all the studied biomarkers. While p62 and LC3b2 levels increased, LC3b1, TOM20, and COX4 levels decreased significantly. There was no correlation between TOM20 and COX4 levels before radiation; however, a trend towards correlation was noted post-radiation (R=0.488; p=0.055).
Conclusion. This study demonstrated that a daily intake of 10,000 IU of cholecalciferol in advanced cervical cancer patients (stages IIB—IVA) undergoing radiotherapy was sufficient to treat and prevent deficiency. The anticipated clinical improvement was achieved. The involvement of autophagy is suggested to play a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of radiation treatment.
Exploring Long COVID in Pediatric Patients: Clinical Insights from a Long COVID Clinic
Authors: Kamel Dina , Vu My , Bender Jeffery , Warburton David , Wood John , Mohandas Sindhu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection is a persistent condition following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting both adults and children. However, studies exploring the clinical spectrum and the impact of vaccination on long COVID in children remain limited.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review and data analysis of children aged 0-21 years who were seen at the long COVID clinic at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles between August 2021 and November 2023. All statistical analyses were performed using R Studio 4.2.2.
Results: The study included 123 patients with a mean age of 13.1 years, of whom 63 (51.2%) were males. The mean onset of symptoms occurred 5 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, with an average symptom duration of 31.3 weeks at presentation. Notably, 23 patients (18.6%) experienced symptoms lasting over 12 months. The most commonly reported symptoms were fatigue (92.7%), headache (69.9%), exercise intolerance (52.8%), dizziness (43.9%), and brain fog (40.7%). Among 74 patients with at least one follow-up visit, a general decrease in symptom severity was observed over time. No significant difference was found in the mean number of symptoms at 6 or 12 months between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Of the 43 patients vaccinated after the onset of long COVID, 19 (44.2%) reported symptom improvement.
Conclusion: Fatigue and headache are the most prevalent symptoms of long COVID in pediatric patients across various age groups. A reduction in symptom burden was observed over time, and vaccination appears to have a beneficial effect in alleviating long COVID symptoms in some children. Larger studies with extended follow-ups are necessary to further validate these findings.
Evaluation of Datasets for Outlier Detection
Authors: Ferreira Felippe P. , Cordeiro Robson L. F. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Outlier detection is a common task in various fields of knowledge. When devel-oping and validating new detection algorithms, one must use suitable datasetscontaining known anomalous instances. Despite the large number of datasetsavailable, they are usually derived from classification problems, which were laterconverted into outlier detection problems by following a process that is prone togenerate errors. The objective of our work is not to evaluate detection algorithms,but to evaluate the datasets used to develop and validate the algorithms. Thisresearch proposes a new methodology to assess the quality of datasets used inanomaly detection, which made it possible to identify problems in several well-known datasets. The proposed methodology allowed us to evaluate 59 datasetswith distinct characteristics, assess the labels assigned to instances, and compareinliers and outliers. During the methodology’s evaluation, we used 22 detectionalgorithms on the selected datasets. By leveraging our new methodology, weidentified datasets often used in outlier detection tasks that present question-able ground-truth, with instances that do not behave as expected, and potentialnegative impact in any algorithm validated on this data.
Comparative Analysis of Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes in Young Patients with Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Ghoreishi Abdoreza , Ahani Mahdi , Asgari Masoud , Mousavi Fazlolah , Nasiri Hamideh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and has significant socioeconomic impacts, particularly among young adults. This study focused on young adults (18–55 years) who experienced acute ischemic (AIS) or hemorrhagic stroke (HS) in Zanjan, Iran.
Methods
A retrospective registry-based analysis was conducted using data from the Vali-e-Asr Hospital Stroke Center. A total of 5345 stroke patients were recorded between March 2016 and June 2023, and 616 young stroke survivors were included. Baseline demographic data, stroke risk factor data, functional status (modified Rankin scale (mRS) score, stroke severity (NIHSS score), treatment history, and mortality were analyzed. The statistical analyses included chi-square tests, independent t tests, and logistic regression.
Results
The cohort comprised 525 AIS (85.23%) and 91 HS (14.77%) patients. Significant differences were observed between groups in terms of atrial fibrillation incidence, antiplatelet treatment history, hypertension, previous smoking, and recent stroke history. HS patients had a higher baseline NIHSS score (12.90 ± 6.04 vs. 7.69 ± 8.56, p < 0.05). In-hospital and three-month mortality rates were significantly greater in the HS group. Factors significantly associated with in-hospital mortality included hemorrhagic stroke, female sex, higher NIHSS score, and current smoking status. Lower odds of achieving excellent functional outcomes and functional independence at three months were noted for HS patients, influenced by NIHSS scores and prior health conditions.
Conclusion
Young stroke patients, particularly those with hemorrhagic stroke, have higher mortality and poorer outcomes. The key risk factors included stroke type, NIHSS score, smoking status, and sex. Identifying and managing these factors could improve patient outcomes.
A Framework for Extraction of Clinical Information from Radiological Mammography Reports Using Large Language Models and Retrieval Augmented Generation.
Authors: Godoy Eduardo , de Ferrari Joaquín , Lazo Sofia , Pancheco Catalina , Mellado Diego , Saez Alex , Chabert Steren , Salas Rodrigo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: The application of text mining in radiological reports is crucial for many tasks but principally analyzing and projecting trends to enhance diagnostic accuracy. This is especially important in mammography reports, where early detection is crucial. Large language models (LLMs) provide a viable alternative. They can generate accurate results from a limited set of examples compared with the traditional state-of-the-art models.
Methods: This work presents a framework utilizing a general proposed retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and large language model LLM to create a replicable model capable of structuring mammography radiology reports and extracting relevant concepts associated with the findings. The resulting model is applied to a real-world scenario, using a dataset of mammography radiology reports provided by a hospital. These reports, written by radiologists, are in free text and Spanish. The application of the designed framework is evaluated across several LLMs, and its results are compared to a conventional and specialized NER-type model based on BERT, using a dataset labeled by radiologists.
Results: Several models have been implemented and evaluated with the proposed LLM framework. In Named Entity Recognition (NER) tasks using GPT-4, the zero-shot learning scenario achieved an F1-score of 0.80, while the five-shot scenario reached an F1-score of 0.96. This is comparable to the specific-context NER-BERT model, which achieved an F1-score of 0.97. Similarly, in Relation Extraction tasks, we achieved an F1-score of 0.93, a task for which a specialized model was not available.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate that large language models (LLMs) can benefit from additional in-prompt examples and achieve results comparable to those of specialized models like NER-BERT. Additionally, this study shows that through a well-defined framework, it is possible to effectively leverage the capabilities of LLMs for specific purposes such as NER and Relation Extraction over clinical text and mammography reports.
Impact of Body Mass Index on the Efficacy of Treatment Modalities in Women with Refractory Overactive Bladder
Authors: Liu Po-En , Hwang Jiun-Chyi , Su Tsung-Hsien , Lau Hui-Hsuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a prevalent condition that substantially impairs quality of life. Obesity and overweight status are recognized as significant risk factors for OAB, but their influence on treatment efficacy is not well understood.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to July 2024 at a tertiary care hospital. Women diagnosed with refractory OAB were classified into normal weight, overweight, and obese groups according to their body mass index (BMI). Treatment options included combination pharmaceutical therapy and Botulinum toxin injections. Outcomes were assessed using the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) and quality of life questionnaires, administered before and 12 weeks after treatment.
Results
A total of 143 women were included in the study. Normal weight women demonstrated significant improvements in OAB symptoms and quality of life following both combination therapy and Botulinum toxin injection. Conversely, overweight and obese women showed limited improvement with pharmaceutical therapy but responded better to Botulinum toxin injections.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that Botulinum toxin injection may be a more effective treatment modality for overweight or obese women with refractory OAB compared to pharmaceutical therapy. Normal weight women might benefit from initiating treatment with combination medication therapy.
Donor liver natural killer cells ameliorate liver allograft rejection via inducing apoptosis of alloreactive CD8 + T cells and generating CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells
Authors: Yu Jiandong , Wu Jiayan , Long Tianzhu , Lv Lihong , Chen Zhiping , Lin Zeyu , Zhu Hongquan , Li Guolin , Wan Yunle 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The roles of donor liver natural killer (NK) cells in allogeneic liver transplantation remains controversial. Herein, we investigated the effects of liver NK cells on liver allograft tolerance by using liver NK cells and allogeneic spleen T cell co-culture in vitro experiments and the rat orthotopic liver transplantation model. CD8+ T cells exhibited higher apoptotic rate and up-regulated expression of CD95 molecules when co-cultured with allogeneic liver NK cells in vitro, indicating that liver NK cells might induce the apoptosis of CD8+ T cells via CD95 in vitro. The rat liver transplant model showed that recipients with donor liver NK cell immunity, had better survival, less damage, and higher apoptotic rate of intrahepatic infiltrating lymphocytes in liver grafts, as well as higher level of peripheral CD4+CD25+ T cells and lower level of peripheral CD3+CD8+ T cells. These findings indicate that donor liver NK cells can ameliorate allograft rejection via inducing the CD95-mediated apoptosis of alloreactive CD8+ T cells and the generating of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.