bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-specific vertical movements of spawning atlantic cod in coastal habitats inferred from acoustic telemetry
Authors: Skjæraasen J. E. , Olsen E. M. , McQueen K. , Nyqvist D. , Meager J. J. , Karlsen Ø , Sivle L. D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFish spawning location and behaviour can be challenging to detect, especially in deep water. Here we utilise two large acoustic telemetry datasets from western and mid Norway to study the vertical movement dimension of individual Atlantic cod Gadus morhua spawning behaviour in their natural habitats. The datasets comprise ~ 6 million depth detections from 644 sexed, mature cod, collected at seven different Norwegian coastal cod spawning grounds during 2017–2021. During the spawning period, females were typically found at shallower depths compared to males, while this pattern was much less pronounced or absent outside this period. Furthermore, we identify a hitherto undescribed sex-dependent vertical movement behaviour: periodic descents, where females made deep dives, putatively associated with egg release and spawning, approximately every third day. Females not showing this behaviour tended to occupy deeper positions in the water column than the “periodic descent” females and hence may approach and retreat from spawning males more horizontally. These observed sex-specific behaviours correspond well to the lek-like description of the cod mating system and with cod reproductive physiology, where females are known to mature and release batches of eggs at intervals of several days as part of a bet-hedging strategy.
Quantum state tomography with locally purified density operators and local measurements
Authors: Guo Yuchen , Yang Shuo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding quantum systems is of significant importance for assessing the performance of quantum hardware and software, as well as exploring quantum control and quantum sensing. An efficient representation of quantum states enables realizing quantum state tomography with minimal measurements. In this study, we propose an alternative approach to state tomography that uses tensor network representations of mixed states through locally purified density operators and employs a classical data postprocessing algorithm requiring only local measurements. Through numerical simulations of one-dimensional pure and mixed states and two-dimensional pure states up to size 8 × 8, we demonstrate the efficiency, accuracy, and robustness of our proposed methods. Experiments on the IBM and Quafu Quantum platforms complement these numerical simulations. Our study opens avenues in quantum state tomography for two-dimensional systems using tensor network formalism.
Recyclable sulfur cured natural rubber with controlled disulfide metathesis
Authors: Kaur Anureet , Fefar Meet M. , Griggs Thomas , Akutagawa Keizo , Chen Biqiong , Busfield James J. C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTraditionally, sulfur-cured natural rubber compounds exhibit limited recyclability due to a significant drop in mechanical performance after reprocessing. Maintaining physical and chemical properties after recycling of a cross-linked polymer is an essential requirement for the global rubber industry to become more sustainable. Here, we demonstrate that tuning the curing process to favour a reversible cross-linked network based on disulfide and polysulfide bonds enables recyclability. We use a sulfur-based vulcanization system optimized with copper (II) methacrylate at concentrations of 2.47, 4.94, and 9.89 phr to control disulfide metathesis at low temperatures and enhance recyclability. Mechanical characterization identifies 2.47 phr as optimal for maintaining mechanical properties after initial moulding and full recovery after recycling. Additionally, we demonstrate that copper (II) methacrylate can be incorporated into existing rubber waste streams to promote recyclability.
Aziridines as Versatile C(sp3) Precursors in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Strategies
Authors: Baik Eunji , Shin Jihye , Hwang Junha , Dongbang Sun , Kim Eunbi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAziridines, which serve as valuable scaffolds in numerous pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules, have emerged as highly efficient C(sp3) precursors in the realm of organic chemistry. Particularly, employing aziridines as versatile electrophiles in transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling has enabled precise control over the regiochemistry in the formation of new C(sp3)–C, –Si, and –B bonds. This review explores recent innovative aziridine cross-coupling approaches using Ni or Pd catalysis, highlighting initial findings of new mechanistic approaches and delineating distinct catalytic pathways.1	Introduction2	Aziridines Used as C(sp3) Precursors with Organometallic Reagents2.1	Ni-Catalyzed Aziridine Cross-Coupling2.2	Pd-Catalyzed Aziridine Cross-Coupling3	Net-Reductive Approaches via Cross-Electrophile Coupling of	Aziridines3.1	Cross-Electrophile Coupling Using Chemical Reductants3.2	Electrochemical Reductions in Cross-Electrophile Coupling4	Aziridine Cross-Coupling via Metallaphotoredox Catalysis4.1	Net-Reductive Metallaphotoredox-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling4.2	Redox-Neutral Metallaphotoredox-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling5	Miscellaneous6	Conclusion and Future Outlook
Valence photoelectron spectra of aminobenzoic acid molecules: a combined theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Veteläinen Onni , Babayan Morsal , Rahman Abid Abdul , Kukk Edwin , Pihlava Lassi , Urpelainen Samuli , Huttula Marko , Kivimäki Antti , Alatalo Matti , Patanen Minna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The valence photoelectron spectra (PES) of gas-phase aminobenzoic acids (meta-, ortho- and para-isomers) were measured using synchrotron radiation and calculated from first principles using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with popular hybrid exchange-correlation functionals and many-body perturbation theory using the perturbative one-shot (G0W0) and eigenvalue self-consistent (GnW0) approaches within the GW approximation. The vibrational structures and line shapes found in the PES were modeled using Time-Dependent DFT. Theory can reproduce the experimental results very well. The photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectra of the ortho- and para-isomers were also measured. They reveal interesting differences in the fragmentation patterns and the influence of metastable states at the onset of fragmentation.
Low-temperature growth of CuS thin film on flexible substrates for photodetection
Authors: Sabat Somesh , Gartia Anurag , Sahoo Kiran Kumar , Biswal Sameer Ranjan , Pradhan Diana , Kar Jyoti Prakash 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The covellite phase of copper sulfide thin film (CuS), due to its excellent electronic, optical and chemical properties, has attracted enormous attention in cutting-edge research. This is a comprehensive study of the structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties of CuS thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition technique on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates at different deposition temperatures, i.e. 25 °C, 40 °C, 55 °C and 70 °C for the fabrication of flexible photodetectors. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectral studies reveal the presence of hexagonal covellite phase (CuS), whereas the root mean square (RMS) roughness of CuS thin film increases with an increase in deposition temperature. The optical bandgap of CuS thin film is found to be decreased with an increase in deposition temperature. The optimized CuS thin film, deposited at 70 °C, exhibits a homogeneous surface with RMS roughness of 13.72 nm, mobility of 25.09 cm2 V−1s−1 and bandgap of 1.86 eV. The mobility of CuS thin film is found to be increased with the increase in deposition temperature. The flexible CuS photodetector, fabricated at 70 °C, exhibits better photoresponse characteristics, with the highest responsivity of 0.18 mA W−1, specific detectivity of 1.39 × 108 Jones and sensitivity of 173.25 % upon light illumination. The established photocurrent possesses an outstanding dependence on various intensities of illuminated light. Furthermore, the bending test of flexible CuS photodetectors reveals the absence of any sign of deterioration up to bending angle of 30°. This suggests that the Al/CuS-PET/Al photodetector device could be used in various wearable optoelectronic device applications.
Design and optimization of squeeze-shear mode MR brake with multi-fluid flow channels based on multi-objective sooty tern optimization algorithm
Authors: Lu He , Wang Qiyu , Dai Lili , Shen Yurui , Hua Dezheng , Liu Xinhua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the deficiency of magnetic field utilization rate and the mass–torque ratio of magnetorheological fluid brake (MRB), a novel MRB is proposed in this paper. Initially, a squeeze-shear mode MRB with multi-fluid flow channels (S-MRB) is designed and its structure and working principle are described. Based on the analysis of the magnetic circuit, mathematical models are established to describe the rotary torque of the S-MRB. Furthermore, COMSOL software is carried out to model and simulate the electromagnetic field of the S-MRB, which verified the rationality of structure design. Then, with the braking torque and mass of the S-MRB as objective function, multi-objective optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize the structural parameters of the S-MRB. The optimization results show that the braking torque is increased by 25.34% and the mass of the MRB is decreased by 2.7%. Finally, a MRB braking performance test platform is established, and the effectiveness and superiority of the S-MRB are verified by braking torque dynamic response characteristic experiments.
Single-flux-quantum circuits utilizing self-shunted NbN/TaN/NbN Josephson junctions grown on silicon substrates
Authors: Zhong Yulong , Zhang Lu , Xie Junjie , Zheng Zengxu , Lu Mingjun , Jin Hua , Wu Ling , Shi Weifeng , Wang Huiwu , Peng Wei , Chen Lei , Wang Zhen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We report on the electrical properties of NbN/TaN/NbN Josephson junctions grown on thermally oxidized silicon substrates, along with the design and fabrication of superconducting single-flux-quantum (SFQ) circuits based on these NbN superconductor/normal metal/superconductor (SNS) junctions. The critical current density (J
c) of the junctions was found to be relatively sensitive to the barrier thickness, decreasing from 108.0 ± 8.1 kA cm−2 for a 15 nm barrier to 12.8 ± 1.9 kA cm−2 for a 30 nm barrier. For a J
c of approximately 24.5 ± 2.1 kA cm−2 and a barrier thickness of 25 nm, the NbN SNS junctions are self-shunted and exhibit nonhysteretic current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. Especially for junctions with diameter (φ) ranging from 0.8 to 1.6 μm, their critical current (I
c) falls within the range of 110–450 μA, making them suitable for SFQ circuits. By considering the impact of excess current and incorporating it as an additional term in the conventional resistively and capacitively shunted junction model, the I–V curves of NbN SNS junctions can be precisely described, successfully minimizing the deviation between simulations and test results. The DC-SFQ and SFQ-DC interface circuits can both operate normally, and the bias margins of cell circuits such as Josephson transmission line, confluence buffer, D flip-flop, and splitter are greater than 40%. Compared to Nb superconductor/insulator/superconductor junctions, their self-shunting characteristics and relatively thick 25 nm barriers can also enhance the integration of circuits and increase the yield to complex circuits.
Thermal gradient-induced critical current degradation in mesoscopic superconducting thin film
Authors: Xie Dongdong , Zhang Yajun , Zhang Xingyi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Superconducting materials inevitably suffer from the sudden change of temperature in localized areas in practical applications, and the concomitant thermal gradient may be detrimental to their performance. Critical current density is a key factor affecting the performance of superconductors. However, the effect of thermal gradient on the critical current density has not been identified. Here, by combining the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations and the heat transfer equation, the thermal gradient and magnetic field dependence of the critical current density are systematically investigated and rationalized by exploring the behavior of vortex and magnetization. For lower magnetic fields, it is found that the thermal gradients strongly reduce the local surface barriers, which inhibits vortex entry and movement, leading to a rapid deterioration of the current-carrying capability. Under moderate magnetic fields, the critical current density corresponding to higher thermal gradients decreases more slowly with increasing magnetic field, which results from the thermal gradient-induced entry and moving of vortices along the current direction. As the magnetic field continues to increase, the variation of the critical current density transitions into a platform period and even slightly rises. The enhanced critical current is primarily attributed to the excess entry of vortices, which increases the surface barrier of the sample. With the further increase in the magnetic field, the critical current density continues to decrease due to increased magnetic field penetration. These results unveil the fundamental interplay between thermal gradients, external magnetic field, vortex, magnetization and critical current density, and provide a theoretical basis for understanding the heat-induced quenching of mesoscopic superconducting thin films in practical applications.
Analysis of transverse momentum spectra of protons, deuterons, and tritons in symmetric heavy-ion collisions at
= 200 GeV at the RHIC
Authors: Ahmad Waqas , Ullah Ihsan , Zaman Ali , Khan Imran , Iqbal Akhtar , Qudus Abdul , Ullah Sana , Ullah Naseeb , Ramzan Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The blast wave model with Tsallis statistics is used to analyze the transverse momentum spectra of protons (p), deuterons (d), and tritons (t) in

= 200 GeV gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions at the RHIC in various centrality bins. In particular transverse momentum ranges, the model results closely match experimental data from the PHENIX (p) and STAR (d and t) collaborations. The data are compared with those of protons obtained in Cu+Cu collisions and deuterons and tritons in Ru+Ru collisions at a center of mass energy of 200 GeV from the STAR collaboration. Particle spectra are used to derive the kinetic freeze-out temperatures, transverse flow velocities, and freeze-out volumes. According to the findings, the kinetic freeze-out temperature increases from the central to peripheral collisions. In this transition, the transverse flow velocity and freeze-out volume both decrease. For the collisions of both collaborations, this study reveals mass-dependent kinetic freeze-out temperature and differential volume possibilities. Overall, the non-extensivity parameter q decreases with increasing centrality of the studied heavy-ion collisions, and heavier mass particles have smaller values of q, which implies higher degrees of thermalization and equilibrium in more central collisions and for heavier particles.
Mass ladder operators and quasinormal modes of the static BTZ-like black hole in Einstein-bumblebee gravity*
Authors: Ge 葛 Fengkai 丰恺 , Pan 潘 Qiyuan 启沅 , Chen 陈 Songbai 松柏 , Jing 荆 Jiliang 继良 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We investigate mass ladder operators for the static BTZ-like black hole in Einstein-bumblebee gravity and probe the quasinormal frequencies of the mapped modes using mass ladder operators for a scalar perturbation under Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. We find that the mass ladder operators depend on the Lorentz symmetry breaking parameter, and the imaginary parts of the frequencies shifted by the mass ladder operators increase with the increase in the Lorentz symmetry breaking parameter under the two boundary conditions. Note that, under the Neumann boundary condition, the mapped modes caused by the mass ladder operator

are unstable. Moreover, the mass ladder operators do not change the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound for the scalar modes, as in the case of the usual BTZ black hole. These results could aid us in further understanding the conformal symmetry and Lorentz symmetry breaking in Einstein-bumblebee gravity.
Study of the semileptonic decays
*
Authors: Tran C. T. , Ivanov M. A. , Santorelli P. , Tran H. C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study the exclusive semileptonic decays

, where

. The relevant hadronic form factors are calculated using the covariant confined quark model developed previously by our group. We predict the branching fractions

to be of the order of

and 10−10 for the case of B and

, respectively. Our predictions agree well with other theoretical calculations. We also consider the effects of possible new physics in the case of

and show that the branching fraction of this decay can be enhanced by an order of magnitude using constraints from the

and

experimental data.
Palygorskite improves growth performance and prevents liver damage in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli-challenged broiler chickens at an early age
Authors: Tan Zichao , Chen Yueping , Zhou Yanmin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a major bacterial infection that causes economic losses in the global poultry industry. Palygorskite (PAL) has been shown to enhance growth performance while improving antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of broilers. This study evaluated the protective effects of PAL on growth performance and liver function in broilers subjected to APEC challenge. A total of 320 one-day-old male Arbor Acres chicks were divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates of 10 birds each, based on a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (basal diet or 5 g/kg PAL-supplemented diet) and inoculation (bacterial culture medium or APEC). PAL increased body weight gain (BWG) prior to APEC challenge (P &lt; 0.05). However, APEC caused losses in BWG, feed intake (FI), and feed efficiency, along with increased relative hepatic weight, hepatic pathology scores, and hepatic-cell apoptosis rate (P &lt; 0.05). Compared to normal birds, APEC increased interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) levels, as well as lysozyme (LZM) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, while decreasing total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and IL-10 levels, and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in both serum and liver, APEC also raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, but reduced total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, and IgM levels in serum (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, APEC increased hepatic mRNA level of IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, nuclear factor kappa B, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), while inhibited mRNA level of IL-10 (P &lt; 0.05). In contrast, PAL increased BWG and FI, and alleviated hepatic-cell apoptosis rate during the challenge period (P &lt; 0.05). Incorporation of PAL reduced triglyceride and NO contents, ALT, and AST activities, while increasing TP, ALB, IL-10, IgG, and IgM levels in serum, enhancing serum T-SOD and CAT activities, elevating hepatic T-AOC and CAT activities, inhibiting hepatic MDA accumulation, and reducing IL-1β levels and LZM activity in both liver and serum (P &lt; 0.05). An interactive effect was found for hepatic TNF-α and iNOS mRNA expression, in which PAL inhibited their mRNA expression in APEC-challenged birds (P &lt; 0.05). Overall, PAL addition partially mitigated the negative impact of the APEC challenge on the growth performance and liver function of broiler chicks at an early age.
Insights into optimization of oleaginous fungi – genome-scale metabolic reconstruction and analysis ofUmbelopsissp. WA50703
Authors: Dziurzyński Mikołaj , Nowak Maksymilian E. , Furman Maria , Okrasińska Alicja , Pawłowska Julia , Fondi Marco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOleaginous fungi, known for their high lipid content—up to 80% of their dry mass—are of significant interest for biotechnological applications, particularly in biofuel and fatty acid production. Among these, the genusUmbelopsis, a common soil saprotroph of the Mucoromycota phylum, stands out for its rapid growth, low nutritional requirements, and ability to produce substantial amounts of lipids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Despite previous studies on lipid production inUmbelopsis, metabolic engineering has been underexplored. This study fills that gap by presenting the first comprehensive metabolic model forUmbelopsissp. WA50703, encompassing 2413 metabolites, 2216 reactions, and 1629 genes (iMD1629). The model demonstrated strong predictive accuracy, correctly predicting metabolic capabilities in 82.1% of cases when evaluated against experimental data. Using the Flux Scanning based on Enforced Objective Flux (FSEOF) algorithm, the study identified 33 genes linked to 23 metabolic reactions. Notably, reactions catalysed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase and carbonic anhydrase emerged as prime candidates for up-regulation. These findings provide a solid framework for future metabolic engineering efforts to optimize PUFA production inUmbelopsisstrains.ImportanceUmbelopsisstrains are capable of producing valuable compounds like polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). These compounds are essential for human health, found in various foods and supplements that support heart and brain function. In this study we developed a computer model to better understand how this fungus works at a metabolic level, guiding further research investigations towards optimization of PUFAs production in a cost-effective way. This research lays the groundwork for future innovations in metabolic engineering ofUmbelopsisPUFA production leading to healthier food options and a more sustainable food system, directly impacting everyday life.
Reliability and Validity of the Jumpster accelerometer-based app compared to the Vertec when completing a countermovement jump
Authors: Holman Matthew E. , Harnish Christopher R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe reliability and validity of the Jumpster app (JA) was compared to the Vertec. Thirty-six participants completed 100 total trials using both tools simultaneously. Validity was assessed using correlation and tolerance analyses. Reliability was assessed using 95% predictive intervals (PI95) and tolerance limits (TL95) between the measures, comparing standard error of the measure (SEM) and coefficients of variation (CV) for each tool, and examining the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2,K; upper and lower 95% CI) comparing both tools. The JA was weakly related to the Vertec (r = 0.24; p < 0.01). The tolerance analysis showed a moderately strong proportional bias of the JA (r = 0.45; p < 0.01). While all data fell within calculated PI95 ±TL95, the JA SEM (14.7cm) and CV (40.30%) exceeded the Vertec SEM (3.57cm) and CV (7.22%) with an ICC of 0.55 [0.79, -0.08]. These JA is neither reliable or valid.