bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Struggling with agency problems in open innovation ecosystem: corporate policies in innovation hub
Authors: Longo Maria Cristina , Giaccone Sonia Caterina 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the topic of agency problems in service ecosystem for innovation. It specifically explores the corporate policies aimed at encouraging collaboration, so as to prevent opportunistic behaviors within the innovation hub, where service exchange is central for innovation creation.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors apply the agency theory framework to the hub as a service ecosystem in order to understand how it would be possible to address agency problems between the firm (principal) and the other actors of the hub (agents), involved in peer-to-peer interactions. The research explores the case study of a high-tech leading company, which is a pioneer in the use of the hub for supporting its innovation process. Data are collected through semi-structured interviews to some key informants of the Hub Program regarding structure and organization; participation; incentives and monitoring.

Findings
In service ecosystems, corporate policies are based on commitment, psycho-social incentives and social control may encourage collaboration among the actors, thus contributing to align their own interests to the hub’s innovation common goals.

Research limitations/implications
Given the exploratory nature of the research, the paper is based on a single case study. Thus, it is not possible to either generalize the results or evaluate any statistical correlation.

Practical implications
The paper provides a wider awareness about the benefits and risks related to service ecosystems for innovation, and advise both managers and practitioners about appropriate corporate policies to better address the agency problems.

Originality/value
This study enhances the literature on service ecosystems, highlighting the importance of corporate policies in preventing opportunistic behavior of actors in order to ensure the value co-creation process. It also extends the agency theory application to informal and not-hierarchical contexts. Besides, it suggests practitioners a way to reconcile the different interests of the firm and the other hub’s participants.
Dream or reality? A recipe for sustainable and innovative health care ecosystems
Authors: Palumbo Rocco , Cosimato Silvia , Tommasetti Aurelio 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Service ecosystems are gaining credence among management scholars. However, there is still little agreement about the distinguishing attributes of service ecosystems in both the public and the private sectors. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the health care service system, suggesting a “recipe” for the implementation of a sustainable and innovative health care service ecosystem.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed methodology was used. First, a critical literature review was conducted to lay the conceptual foundations of this study. Then a theory about the institutional, organizational and managerial requisites for the implementation of a health care service ecosystem was developed.

Findings
The health care sector is appropriate for the core tenets of the service ecosystem perspective. Tailored interventions aimed at improving the functioning of the health care service ecosystem should be implemented at the micro, meso, macro and mega levels. Patient empowerment, patient-centered care and integrated care are the fundamental ingredients of the recipe for effective health care service ecosystems.

Practical implications
The ecosystem approach provides health policy makers with interesting insights to help shape the health care service system of the future. The paper also contributes to the innovation of managerial practices emphasizing the role of patient involvement in the design and delivery of health care.

Originality/value
This is one of the first attempts to systematize scientific knowledge about service ecosystems in the health care sector. An agenda for further research is suggested, in order to further advance the establishment of an effective and innovative health care service ecosystem.
Evaluating the outcomes of service ecosystems
Authors: Baccarani Claudio , Cassia Fabio 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand how the resource integration processes that occur within service ecosystems affect both the well-being of the entire ecosystem and the well-being of specific focal actors (i.e. customers) in the ecosystem. Specifically, this paper considered cases in which customers’ well-being results from simultaneous participation in a multiplicity of service ecosystems.

Design/methodology/approach
An illustrative example, taken from the tourism context, was used to develop a conceptual framework (of which customers were the focal actors) to evaluate service ecosystem outcomes.

Findings
The results showed that the well-being of focal actors (i.e. customers) should be evaluated by considering the outcomes that arise in the interlocking service ecosystems in which the customers simultaneously participate. Further, in relation to these interlocking service ecosystems, high levels of well-being within a single ecosystem did not necessarily cause focal actors to experience high levels of well-being.

Research limitations/implications
To ensure the creation of positive customer experiences, the co-creating actors (e.g. the service providers) must first identify each of the interlocking service ecosystems in which customers simultaneously participate and then establish interactions with other relevant actors.

Originality/value
By considering the complex relationships between the well-being of a service ecosystem as a whole and the well-being of specific focal actors (e.g. customers) in an ecosystem, this study advances knowledge about evaluations on the performance of service ecosystems.
The role of technology and institutions in tourism service ecosystems
Authors: Barile Sergio , Ciasullo Maria Vincenza , Troisi Orlando , Sarno Debora 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Given the growing attention on service ecosystem and the role played by technology and institutions in shaping of actors’ relations and interactions, the purpose of this paper is to examine a tourism environment with the lens of service ecosystem in order to derive a deeper understanding on the underlying mechanisms.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed methodology was used. First, literature review based on service ecosystems framework was conducted to critically analyze the roles of technology and institutions to shape a tourism service ecosystem. Then a case study was conducted.

Findings
Two main findings are described: the role and the characteristics of physical and virtual engagement touchpoints in the emergence of a tourism service ecosystems; and the relationship between technology and institutions in the resource integration. In particular, the authors conclude that institutions can shape the usage of technology which, in turn, can enable and imply the emergence of new institutions, continually adjusting the system of the tourism service ecosystem.

Practical implications
The analysis contributes to deepening the knowledge about value co-creation processes and engagement expedients in tourism destination, explaining the role of institutions and technology in helping actors to integrate resources and exchange services. The study can also be useful for practitioners in search for powerful tool to increase the competitiveness of a tourism destination.

Originality/value
The study is one of the first attempts to conceptualize and operationalize a tourism destination in a service ecosystem framework. In this way it contribute to enhance scientific knowledge in a tourism management literature.
Comparing traits of native and alien plants: Can we do better?
Authors: Hulme Philip E. , Bernard‐Verdier Maud 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

A frequent question in invasion ecology is whether the traits of alien plant species differ from natives. This question is increasingly addressed at the plant community scale to assess the role trait differences play in community assembly. Nevertheless, there remains considerable debate as to the value of native vs. alien trait comparisons.

Recommendations are made to address seven conceptual and methodological limitations in current approaches used to assess trait differences between native and alien plants: account for spatial scale dependence, make an informed choice of traits, evaluate multiple trait dimensions, incorporate intraspecific trait variation, use appropriate null models, examine environmental gradients, and assess temporal variation in trait spectra. Tackling these limitations will dramatically improve the value of native vs. alien trait comparisons.

Traits should be selected based on expectations of abiotic and/or biotic constraints. Phylogenetic distances can provide valuable insights but are no substitute for the measurement of individual traits when contrasting alien and native species. An ideal set of traits would include one or more leaf, stem, seed and root traits as well as flowering phenology and plant height at maturity. Comparisons of intraspecific trait variation among native and alien species within the same plant community are rare but could improve predictions of interspecific competition and the response of communities to plant invasions.

The full plant community should be examined rather than selected species subsets and comparisons between native and alien species traits are better undertaken at a neighbourhood scale. The frequency distribution of alien and native species traits may change over time through competitive exclusion as well as contemporary evolution. Repeated surveys of species abundances and traits are required to understand the consequences of trait differences between aliens and natives for plant community assembly.

Analyses of the role of species traits in plant invasions need to quantify differences in a priori identified traits within communities along suitable environmental gradients and test hypothetical trait patterns against appropriate null expectations. The infrequent application of such approaches may explain the limited generalisations regarding the role of trait differences between native and alien species in the invasion of plant communities.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Spatial mismatch between management units and movement ecology of a partially migratory ungulate
Authors: Meisingset Erling L. , Loe Leif E. , Brekkum Øystein , Bischof Richard , Rivrud Inger M. , Lande Unni S. , Zimmermann Barbara , Veiberg Vebjørn , Mysterud Atle 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Population‐level management is difficult to achieve if wildlife routinely crosses administrative boundaries, as is particularly frequent for migratory populations. However, the degree of mismatch between management units and scales at which ecological processes operate has rarely been quantified. Such insight is vital for delimiting functional population units of partially migratory species common in northern forest ecosystems.

We combined an extensive dataset of 412 GPS‐marked red deer (Cervus elaphus) across Norway with information on the size and borders of two administrative levels, the governmental level (municipality) and landowner level (local management units, LMUs), to determine the timing and scale of mismatch between animal space use and management units. We analysed how landscape characteristics affected the use of management units and the timing and likelihood of crossing borders between them, in an effort to delineate more appropriate units in various landscapes.

Median municipality size could potentially cover 70% of female and 62% of male annual ranges, while only 12% and 4% of LMUs were expansive enough to accommodate migratory routes in females and males, respectively. Red deer migrate along elevational gradients and are more likely to find both suitable lowland winter habitat and higher summer habitat within management units with variable topography. Consistent with this, the likelihood of border crossing decreased with increasing diversity of elevations.

Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate a considerable mismatch between animal space use and management units. Far‐ranging movements and frequent administrative border crossings during autumn migration coincides with the period of active management (hunting season). Our study also highlights that, due to extensive movements of males, coordination of management aims may provide a more realistic avenue than increasing sizes of local management units. A more general insight is that the degree of mismatch between range use and management units depends on the season and landscape type. This needs to be accounted for when delimitating functional population units of migratory populations.
Phenology of a dipterocarp forest with seasonal drought: Insights into the origin of general flowering
Authors: Kurten Erin L. , Bunyavejchewin Sarayudh , Davies Stuart J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Our understanding of the factors that shape reproductive phenology in Southeast Asian tropical forests comes almost exclusively from studies of everwet, general flowering (GF) forests. Therefore, we examined the phenology of an evergreen dipterocarp forest in a climate exhibiting seasonal drought in Southeast Asia, with the aim of evaluating what evidence it brings to bear on the hypothesis that reproductive phenology in contemporary dipterocarp forests is the product of evolutionarily conserved responses to seasonal drought.

We hypothesized that (1) dipterocarp forests that experience seasonal drought would exhibit annual reproduction and seasonality similar to that of forests with similar climates in other parts of the world, (2) within species, flowering frequency would be climate‐dependent, not a fixed trait, and (3) climatic events that cue flowering in everwet forests would also cue flowering in seasonally dry forests.

From 2001 to 2009, we monitored flowering and fruiting monthly for 1,344 trees (>300 spp.) in a forest in Khao Chong (KC), Thailand that experiences an annual 2–4 month dry season, assessing frequency, duration, seasonality and synchrony of reproduction. We also examined phenological records for trees in three dipterocarp‐dominated forests in everwet climates.

Reproductive phenology of the KC forest was more similar to tropical forests with similar rainfall seasonality in other parts of the world than it was to dipterocarp‐dominated forests in everwet regions of Southeast Asia. The forest exhibited annual reproduction, with peak flowering occurring at the end of the dry season and peak fruiting occurring early in the wet season. Approximately half of all species and individuals reproduced annually, including several species that are known to exhibit “general flowering” in everwet climates. Short dry spells appeared to cue flowering for early flowering species, while later flowering species may have responded to either low precipitation or temperature, consistent with data from everwet forests. GF behaviour also showed significant phylogenetic signal.

Synthesis. Our results support the hypothesis that the phenological behaviour of both seasonal and everwet dipterocarp forests may have initially evolved in response to seasonal drought and that the general flowering phenomenon is a product of evolutionary conservatism.
Curcumin ameliorates severe influenza pneumonia via attenuating lung injury and regulating macrophage cytokines production
Authors: Han Shuguang , Xu Jing , Guo Xiangjun , Huang Mao 
Published: August 2017

SummaryCurcumin, an active phenolic agent extract from the Curcuma longa, exhibits excellent anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammation, and neuroprotective effects. We aimed to investigate the anti‐influenza role of curcumin in vitro and in vivo. The effect of curcumin on replication of influenza A virus (IAV) was examined in human lung cancer cell line A549, as well as in a mouse model. Curcumin could inhibit IAV in vitro and alleviate the severity of the disease in the mouse after infection with IAV. The results also indicated that curcumin could trigger expression of Heme oxygenase‐1 in vivo and attenuate IAV‐induced injury to the lung tissue. Furthermore, curcumin could regulate immune response following IAV infection through inhibiting production of local inflammatory cytokines. In addition, curcumin was found to inhibit NF‐κB signalling in macrophages, as well as the subsequent production of cytokines/chemokines responding to IAV infection, by enhancing IκBα and AMPK. Our current study supports the potential of curcumin as a promising treatment against IAV infection, whose effect may be mediated by regulating immune response to prevent injury to the lung tissue.
Blockade of 5‐HT3 receptors with granisetron does not affect trigeminothalamic nociceptive transmission in rats: Implication for migraine
Authors: Sokolov Alexey Y , Sivachenko Ivan B , Panteleev Sergey S , Lyubashina Olga A 
Published: August 2017

SummaryOne way to expand the existing range of anti‐migraine drugs seems to be the search for pharmacological agents with anti‐cephalalgic properties among medicines approved for clinical indications other than migraine. Numerous experimental and clinical data imply that selective serotonin 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists can be considered as potential anti‐migraine agents. Therefore, the objective of our work was to examine the impact of selective 5‐HT3 receptor blockade with granisetron on migraine‐related nociceptive transmission within the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN) and the ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus (VPM). Using an electrophysiological model of trigemino‐durovascular nociception in anaesthetised male Wistar rats, we evaluated the effects of intravenous administration of granisetron on ongoing firing and dural electrical stimulation‐evoked responses of the spinal trigeminal and thalamic cells. Granisetron did not substantially affect responses of the STN and VPM neurons to electrical stimulation of the dura mater as well as did not cause steady changes in ongoing firing of the spinal trigeminal cells. The results obtained argue against the use of 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists for treating migraine. These data also lead to the conclusion that in the absence of sustained sensitisation of neurons along the trigemino‐thalamo‐cortical pathway the role of 5‐HT3 receptor‐dependent mechanisms in serotonergic modulation of trigeminovascular nociceptive transmission can hardly be considered crucial.
DXAGE: A New Method for Age at Death Estimation Based on Femoral Bone Mineral Density and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Navega David , Coelho João d'Oliveira , Cunha Eugénia , Curate Francisco 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAge at death estimation in adult skeletons is hampered, among others, by the unremarkable correlation of bone estimators with chronological age, implementation of inappropriate statistical techniques, observer error, and skeletal incompleteness or destruction. Therefore, it is beneficial to consider alternative methods to assess age at death in adult skeletons. The decrease in bone mineral density with age was explored to generate a method to assess age at death in human remains. A connectionist computational approach, artificial neural networks, was employed to model femur densitometry data gathered in 100 female individuals from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection. Bone mineral density declines consistently with age and the method performs appropriately, with mean absolute differences between known and predicted age ranging from 9.19 to 13.49 years. The proposed method—DXAGE—was implemented online to streamline age estimation. This preliminary study highlights the value of densitometry to assess age at death in human remains.
Quantifying Macrophages and Hemosiderin in Pediatric Dura Mater,
Authors: Krywanczyk Alison , Bundock Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDetermining the age of a subdural hematoma at autopsy is of great interest for medicolegal purposes. The appearance of pigment‐laden macrophages is often referenced as evidence that the subdural hematoma is 3–4 days old. However, understanding the significance of macrophages and hemosiderin requires understanding the histology of infant dura. Samples of grossly unremarkable dura taken from 17 pediatric autopsies were identified and histologically confirmed to lack subdural neomembrane. CD68 immunostaining and Prussian blue staining was performed. The CD68‐positive cells per high‐power field were quantified, and the presence of iron‐containing cells was recorded. CD68‐positive cells were present in all cases, even in the dural border layer. Iron‐containing cells were identified in 59% of cases, and in the dural border layer in 29%. Therefore, CD68‐positive and iron‐containing cells can be present in pediatric dura without neomembrane or macroscopic subdural hemorrhage, and this requires consideration when estimating the age of a subdural hematoma.
Impact of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and surgical Apgar score on post‐operative acute kidney injury
Authors: Toyonaga Y. , Asayama K. , Maehara Y. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundSurgical Apgar Score (SAS) is relatively weakly associated with post‐operative outcomes in emergency surgery, compared with elective surgery. A combination of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and SAS may be useful for prediction of poor outcomes after emergency surgery.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in patients who underwent emergency abdominal or cerebral surgery from January 2005 to December 2010. AKI was diagnosed using Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria for 2 days after surgery. Pre‐operative SIRS was defined as SIRS score ≥ 2. Patients were divided into those with SAS ≥ 5 and < 5. Independent risk factors for post‐operative AKI were identified. Ability to predict post‐operative AKI was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsOf 742 patients, 175 (24%) had post‐operative AKI. Pre‐operative SIRS (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–2.9, P < 0.01) and SAS < 5 (OR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.7–4.1, P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for post‐operative AKI. Patients without SIRS and SAS < 5 had an increased risk of post‐operative AKI (odds ratio (OR) 3.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9–6.7, P < 0.01) and those with SIRS and SAS < 5 had increased risks of post‐operative AKI (OR 5.9, 95% CI: 3.7–9.3, P < 0.01) and hospital mortality (OR 3.5, 95% CI: 1.9–6.3, P < 0.01). In ROC analysis, the c‐statistic using both SIRS and SAS < 5 was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77–0.84, P < 0.01) and higher than without use of these factors (P < 0.01).ConclusionPre‐operative SIRS and SAS are independently associated with post‐operative AKI. Simultaneous use of pre‐operative SIRS and SAS may improve prediction of poor post‐operative outcomes.