bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Additional Heat Treatment on Performance of High Chromium Martensitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Kobayashi Kenji , Otome Yohei , Ohe Taro , Tomio Yusaku , Takabe Hideki , Amaya Hisashi 
Published: March 2016

High chromium martensitic stainless steels (MSS), for example 13Cr steel, are widely used as OCTG tubing material for corrosive oil and gas wells. These materials are manufactured by quenching and tempering processes. Recently, the opportunities when the materials experience additional heat treatment (reheating) increase. However, influence of reheating on mechanical properties has not been clarified yet. In this study, influences of reheating on mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel were investigated in order to clarify the behavior of 475 °C embrittlement in these materials. In addition, appropriate heat treatment conditions for these materials are proposed to provide martensitic stainless steel with good mechanical properties after reheating.
Three kinds of martensitic stainless steel pipes (0.2C-13Cr, 13Cr-5Ni-0.6Mo, and 12Cr-5.5Ni-2Mo) manufactured by quenching and tempering processes were used in this study. Several additional heat treatments were applied to these materials for simulating reheating by changing the temperature from 315 to 482 °C (600 to 900 °F) for 24 hours. Tensile test, hardness test and Charpy impact test were carried out to evaluate the change of mechanical properties by reheating. Furthermore, laser-assisted wide angle three-dimensional atom probe (LA-3DAP) was employed in order to observe the chromium-rich cluster produced by long-term reheating at a specific temperature condition.
The effect of reheating on mechanical properties of 0.2C-13Cr steel was not observed clearly in the range of test conditions. Modified 13Cr martensitic stainless steel containing nickel showed the increase of YS, TS, and hardness. In addition, deterioration of toughness by reheating around 400 °C for 24 hours was observed. The LA-3DAP analysis on modified 13Cr steel showed that chromium-rich clusters of a few nanometer size existed. To explain the 475 °C embrittlement of martensitic stainless steel, a thermodynamic calculation of critical condition of bcc phase separation was also conducted. From the results of the calculation and the estimated effective chromium of steel, the effect of reheating temperature on the embrittlement for martensitic stainless steel was discussed.
For martensitic stainless steel, reheating around 400 °C should be avoided because of 475 °C embrittlement. When the additional heat treatment is inevitable, the process condition should be carefully reflected to minimize the embrittlement, for example, low temperature, high temperature, and/or short duration.
Validation of the ALARO-0 model within the EURO-CORDEX framework
Authors: Giot Olivier , Termonia Piet , Degrauwe Daan , De Troch Rozemien , Caluwaerts Steven , Smet Geert , Berckmans Julie , Deckmyn Alex , De Cruz Lesley , De Meutter Pieter , Duerinckx Annelies , Gerard Luc , Hamdi Rafiq , Van den Bergh Joris , Van Ginderachter Michiel , Van Schaeybroeck Bert 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Using the regional climate model ALARO-0, the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium and Ghent University have performed two simulations of the past observed climate within the framework of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). The ERA-Interim reanalysis was used to drive the model for the period 1979–2010 on the EURO-CORDEX domain with two horizontal resolutions, 0.11 and 0.44°. ALARO-0 is characterised by the new microphysics scheme 3MT, which allows for a better representation of convective precipitation. In Kotlarski et al. (2014) several metrics assessing the performance in representing seasonal mean near-surface air temperature and precipitation are defined and the corresponding scores are calculated for an ensemble of models for different regions and seasons for the period 1989–2008. Of special interest within this ensemble is the ARPEGE model by the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), which shares a large amount of core code with ALARO-0. Results show that ALARO-0 is capable of representing the European climate in an acceptable way as most of the ALARO-0 scores lie within the existing ensemble. However, for near-surface air temperature, some large biases, which are often also found in the ARPEGE results, persist. For precipitation, on the other hand, the ALARO-0 model produces some of the best scores within the ensemble and no clear resemblance to ARPEGE is found, which is attributed to the inclusion of 3MT. Additionally, a jackknife procedure is applied to the ALARO-0 results in order to test whether the scores are robust, meaning independent of the period used to calculate them. Periods of 20 years are sampled from the 32-year simulation and used to construct the 95 % confidence interval for each score. For most scores, these intervals are very small compared to the total ensemble spread, implying that model differences in the scores are significant.
Use of cosmic-ray neutron sensors for soil moisture monitoring in forests
Authors: Heidbüchel Ingo , Güntner Andreas , Blume Theresa 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Measuring soil moisture with cosmic-ray neutrons is a promising technique for intermediate spatial scales. To convert neutron counts to average volumetric soil water content a simple calibration function can be used (the N0-calibration of Desilets et al., 2010). The calibration is based on soil water content derived directly from soil samples taken within the footprint of the sensor. We installed a cosmic-ray neutron sensor (CRS) in a mixed forest in the lowlands of north-eastern Germany and calibrated it 10 times throughout one calendar year. Each calibration with the N0-calibration function resulted in a different CRS soil moisture time series, with deviations of up to 0.1 m3 m−3 (24 % of the total range) for individual values of soil water content. Also, many of the calibration efforts resulted in time series that could not be matched with independent in situ measurements of soil water content. We therefore suggest a modified calibration function with a different shape that can vary from one location to another. A two-point calibration was found to effectively define the shape of the modified calibration function if the calibration points were taken during both dry and wet conditions spanning at least half of the total range of soil moisture. The best results were obtained when the soil samples used for calibration were linearly weighted as a function of depth in the soil profile and nonlinearly weighted as a function of distance from the CRS, and when the depth-specific amount of soil organic matter and lattice water content was explicitly considered. The annual cycle of tree foliation was found to be a negligible factor for calibration because the variable hydrogen mass in the leaves was small compared to the hydrogen mass changes by soil moisture variations. As a final point, we provide a calibration guide for a CRS in forested environments.
البيئة الرقمية المكتبة والمستفيد نظرة مستقبلية
Authors: Bouanaka Souad 
Published: March 2016

البيئة الرقمية المكتبة والمستفيد نظرة مستقبليةفي مناخ عمل يتسم بالتطور السريع وخيارات عديدة أمام المستفيدين، تواجه المكتبات اليوم أكثر من أي وقت مضى تحديات عديدة و رغبات لا متناهية لمجتمعها، ما جعلها تعيش في مأزق متعدد الأوجه، سرعة تقادم منتجاتها من جهة وانصراف مستفيديها عنها وتعدد مناهل المعرفة لديهم من جهة ثانية، لذلك فهي تسعى حثيثة لمجابهة و تلبية رغباتهم وكسب ولائهم، لأنهم ضمان لاستقرارها ومبررا لوجودها.
لقد تغيرت بيئة المكتبة، فاستبدلت بدورها الكثير من المفاهيم التقليدية بمفاهيم جديدة، وبدأت في التحول من شكلها التقليدي إلى الحديث، كما أتاحت أساليب غير مسبوقة لتطوير المكتبات، ما أستوجب على مهني القطاع استشراف المستقبل، لتلبية احتياجات سوق المعلومات الحالية. تحاول هذه الدراسة استكشاف معالم المكتبة والمشهد المعلوماتي في المستقبل وكذا سبل وآليات دفع و إحياء العلاقة بين المكتبة و مستفيديها في بيئة رقمية تعددت مصادر المعرفة فيها
Employment for Librarians in the UAE: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Kaba Abdoulaye 
Published: March 2016

Employment for Librarians in the UAE: Opportunities and Challenges The success of an educational program can be measured by the employment opportunities occupied by the graduates in the market. The higher the successes of an educational program the higher employment opportunities for graduates. For more than centuries, library and information science schools have prepared and trained thousands of students in information management, cataloguing and classification, documentation, preservation and conservation of manuscript, collection management, etc. However, most of these students suffer from lack of employment opportunity compared to other disciplines and specializations.
The main purpose of this study is to investigate employment opportunities for library and information professionals in the UAE. The study will try to answer the following questions:
How librarians perceive employment of library professionals in the UAE?
What are the job opportunities for library professionals in the UAE?
What are the challenges facing library professionals in the UAE?
Do library schools in the Gulf countries offer programs that match job titles advertised in the UAE?
What can be done to improve employment opportunities for librarians in the Gulf countries?
The study will use survey questionnaire to collect data on the perceptions of librarians towards employment opportunities in the UAE. In addition, data of job advertisements published in the newspapers and websites of employment agents from January 2014 to December 2015 will be collected. The collected data will be analyzed and discussed using frequency distributions, percentages and percentages. Findings may contribute to the understanding and improvement of employment opportunities for library professionals in the UAE and Gulf countries.
الصور الذهنية لمهنة المكتبات والمعلومات ومستقبلها
Authors: قبلان القبلان نجاح 
Published: March 2016

الصور الذهنية لمهنة المكتبات والمعلومات ومستقبلها أن مواجهة التحديات التي تواجهه المكتبات ومؤسسات المعلومات والتطلع لريادة تطوير هذه المهنة ضمن التقدم الهائل للتقنية وحركة العولمة الشاملة لكل شيء في الحياة والمنافسة في مجال إدارة الأعمال والاقتصاد لابد ان ينطلق من الصورة الذهنية الاجتماعية بداية لهذه المهنة حيث تمثل الصورة الذهنية مجموعه المعارف والأفكار و المعتقدات التي تتكون في اذهان الناس عن ماضي هذه المؤسسات المعلوماتية و حاضرها و مستقبلها ودورها العلمي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي ويمكن السياسي أيضاً ... وسواء تكونت هذه الصورة من التجربة المباشرة أو غير المباشرة؛ وسواء كانت عقلانية تعتمد على الأدلة والوثائق أو أنها صور غير رشيدة تقوم على الإشاعات والأقوال غير الموثقة. لكنها في النهاية تمثل واقعاً صادقاً بالنسبة لمن يحملونها في رؤوسهم ولن تتطور هذه المؤسسات مالم تصحح تلك الصور في ذهان المجتمع لتعزيز مكانة المهنة ودعم مسارات تعليمها وانتاجها وخدمات مؤسساتها. وعليه يهدف هذا البحث إلى الكشف عن الصورة الذهنية لمهنة المكتبات والمعلومات من خلال دراسة منهجية تحاول المساهمة في التعرف كيف يرى المجتمع هذه المهنة، وبناء عليه يمكن اقتراح توصيات تعزز من الفهم الحقيق لمهنة المكتبات والمعلومات تسهم في وضع خطط واقعية لتطوير المؤسسات التعليمية والمؤسسات الخدمية وكذلك الجمعيات العلمية ترفع من الانطباعات الذاتية للأفراد والجماعات لتتوافق مع الطموح الحالي والمستقبلي لمهنة المكتبات والمعلومات.
نموذج أبوظبي للمكتبات العامة في الأماكن العامة
Authors: Abu Eid Emad 
Published: March 2016

نموذج أبوظبي للمكتبات العامة في الأماكن العامةتهدف الورقة إلى تسليط الضوء على تجربة إقامة مكتبات العامة في الأماكن العامة في مدينة أبوظبي بدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة. يستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لاستعراض وضع المكتبات العامة في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة بشكل عام، وتفاصيل إقامة مكتبات عامة في الحدائق والشواطئ العامة لتقديم الخدمات المكتبية فيها. ويستعرض الباحث مراحل العمل بدأ بالإعداد والتخطيط، ومن ثم التنفيذ، وصولا إلى التقييم، وانتهاء بمجالات التحسين. كما يوضح الباحث نتائج الدراسات المسحية الخمسة التي أجريت لمعرفة احتياجات سكان المناطق في مدينة أبوظبي من المكتبات العامة والخدمات المكتبية وتوجهاتهم المعرفية والقرائية. ومن أهم النتائج التي خلص إليها المشروع افتتاح أربع مكتبات عامة ومكتبة خامسة جاري العمل فيها حسب الخطة الخمسية المخطط لها ضمن البرنامج الزمني. ونتيجة لذلك حازت هذه المكتبات على مستويات رضا عالية من قبل المستفيدين حسب نتائج دراسات الرضا حيث وصلت نسبة الرضا إلى 93- 95% عام 2014.
Toekomstbestendige wetgeving: duurzaam? wendbaar? duurzaam wendbaar?
Authors: Veerman Gert Jan 
Published: March 2016

Toekomstbestendige wetgeving: duurzaam? wendbaar? duurzaam wendbaar?
‘Toekomstbestendigheid’ is in de mode, dat geldt ook voor het idee van de toekomstbestendige wetgeving. Van oorsprong betekent toekomstbestendig: duurzaam. Dat wordt geïllustreerd aan de hand van het materiaal waarop teksten vroeger werden vastgelegd en van ideeën over de aard en oorsprong van regels: een godheid, de natuur, het wezen van de mens. Empirisch gesproken, is wetgeving niet zo duurzaam, maar wordt zij aangepast aan de maatschappelijke omstandigheden. Dat is in het algemeen zo, maar is ook vast te stellen voor de recente tijd. Een onderzoek naar wetten die de laatste tien jaar niet zijn gewijzigd, laat zien dat dergelijke wetgeving nauwelijks voorkomt en dat die zeer specifieke situaties betreft.In een recente brief van de Minister van Economische Zaken over ‘Toekomstbestendige wetgeving’ lijkt toekomstbestendigheid een andere inhoud te hebben gekregen. Wetgeving moet wendbaar zijn om innovatie te faciliteren. Om niettemin tegemoet te komen aan de bescherming van publieke belangen wordt van de wetgever gevraagd ‘duurzaam wendbare’ wetgeving te ontwerpen. Drie operationaliseringen worden gegeven van dergelijke structureel wendbare wetgeving: doelregulering, ‘Right to Challenge’ en experimenteerbepalingen. Nadere analyse leert dat sprake is van een conceptuele vergissing, dat een politieke belangenafweging wordt vermomd als een technisch-legislatieve, dat de drie operationaliseringen zo structureel niet zijn en de nodige nadelen hebben. Wetgeving is al wendbaar, wordt aangepast aan de maatschappelijke omstandigheden en het daarvoor gewenste beleid. Zo worden (de) drie betekenissen van het concept van ‘toekomstbestendige wetgeving’ in het artikel ten grave gedragen.
Paden naar Utopia
Authors: Florijn Erik 
Published: March 2016

Paden naar Utopia Over regels, regeldruk en experimenten in het onderwijs
De Staatssecretaris van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap (OCW) maakte onlangs bekend dat hij een experiment met regelluwe scholen wil starten. Het experiment houdt in dat ongeveer zestig ‘excellente’ scholen zes jaar lang de ruimte krijgen om met het oog op verbetering van de kwaliteit of de doelmatigheid van het onderwijs af te wijken van vrijwel alle onderwijsrechtelijke bepalingen. In dit artikel gaat de auteur na of het experiment met regelluwe scholen als een voorbeeld kan dienen voor het werken met experimenteerbepalingen zoals het kabinet dat voor ogen staat, of dat uit de opzet van dit experiment juist andere lessen kunnen worden getrokken. De auteur ziet een aantal knelpunten bij dit experiment. Zo worden onder meer opmerkingen gemaakt over de meetbaarheid van kwaliteit van onderwijs, de vormgeving van het experiment, de verhouding tussen het experimentenbesluit en de bovenliggende wet, en de praktische uitvoerbaarheid van een evaluatie.
Niet bekrachtigen of weigeren contraseign?
Authors: Borman Tim 
Published: March 2016

Niet bekrachtigen of weigeren contraseign?
In deze bijdrage gaat de auteur in op de staatsrechtelijke finesses van de bekrachtiging van wetsvoorstellen nadat zij door de Eerste Kamer zijn aangenomen, het ministeriële contraseign en het verschil tussen die twee zaken. Letterlijk genomen ziet de term ‘bekrachtigen’ in de tekst van artikel 87 lid 1 Grondwet op een daad van de Koning en is de contrasignering door één of meer bewindspersonen een staatsrechtelijk en procedureel daarvan te onderscheiden handeling. Toch moet de bekrachtiging als geheel, dus inclusief het contraseign, worden gezien als een daad van de regering. Daarnaast gaat de auteur in op de niet-bekrachtiging van initiatiefwetsvoorstellen. De procedure voor niet-bekrachtiging wordt besproken, alsmede enige staatsrechtelijke curiosa die zich in de geschiedenis op dat punt hebben voorgedaan. Het blijkt dat niet-bekrachtiging niet alleen bij initiatiefwetsvoorstellen is voorgekomen, maar dat ook een aantal maal is afgezien van bekrachtiging van regeringsvoorstellen.
Een algemene bepaling of preambule voor de Nederlandse Grondwet – gerommel in de marge?
Authors: von Meijenfeldt Mirjam , Molendijk Roos 
Published: March 2016

Een algemene bepaling of preambule voor de Nederlandse Grondwet – gerommel in de marge?
De regering heeft voorgesteld een algemene bepaling aan de Grondwet toe te voegen waarin staat dat de Grondwet de kernwaarden democratie, rechtsstaat en grondrechten waarborgt. In reactie op het door Adams en Leenknegt geschreven artikel wordt betoogd dat zowel een algemene bepaling als een preambule bij de huidige constitutionele stand van zaken slechts gerommel in de marge is. Het voorstel gaat voorbij aan waar het daadwerkelijk om gaat: een fundamentele herbezinning op de Grondwet en diens plaats in de samenleving.
Residual β-Cell Function Predicts Clinical Response After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Xiang Hang , Yang Chao , Xiang Tianyuan , Wang Zheng , Ge Xin , Li Fan , Su Yuehan , Chen Haixu , Huang Xianyong , Zeng Qiang 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

New strategies of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) have gained much interest for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, assessing the clinical response and residual β-cell function still has limitations. The aim of the study was to select the optimal quantitative index to assess pre-existing β-cell function and to explore its predictive function for clinical response after auto-HSCT therapy. In this study, all of the patients who had undergone auto-HSCT were clustered into a responder group (Δβ-score &gt; 0) and a nonresponder group (Δβ-score ≤ 0). We compared their quantitative metabolic indexes at baseline and performed receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to analyze the correlations between the indexes and clinical response. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to compare the cumulative response durations in each quartile of the selected indexes. In an average of 15.13 ± 6.15 months of follow-up, 44 of 112 patients achieved a clinical response. The responder group had lower levels of fasting plasma glucose and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) but higher levels of fasting C-peptide, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessments for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). ROC analysis showed that HOMA-IR had the largest area under the curve (0.756), which was similar to that of QUICKI. Kaplan-Meier analysis further confirmed that the third quartile (1.3371–1.7018) of HOMA-IR or the second quartile (0.3523–0.3657) of QUICKI was preferential for a prolonged response. In conclusion, HOMA-IR and QUICKI could be optimal measurements for β-cell reserves, and they were predictive for the clinical response after auto-HSCT.

Significance
The β-score was comprehensive and reliable in evaluating clinical response after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The homeostasis model assessments for insulin resistance and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index could serve as precise assessments for residual β-cell function and good predictors of clinical response. They might be used to select optimal clinical trial participants or predict the clinical response after auto-HSCT.
Efficacy of CD34+ Stem Cell Therapy in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Is Absent in Patients With Diabetes but Preserved in Patients With Insulin Resistance
Authors: Vrtovec Bojan , Sever Matjaz , Jensterle Mojca , Poglajen Gregor , Janez Andrej , Kravos Nika , Zemljic Gregor , Cukjati Marko , Cernelc Peter , Haddad François , Wu Joseph C. , Jorde Ulrich P. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

We evaluated the association of diabetes and insulin resistance with the response to cell therapy in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). A total of 45 outpatients with DCM received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for 5 days. CD34+ cells were then collected by apheresis and injected transendocardially. Twelve patients had diabetes mellitus (DM group), 17 had insulin resistance (IR group), and 16 displayed normal glucose metabolism (no-IR group). After stimulation, we found higher numbers of CD34+ cells in the IR group (94 ± 73 × 106 cells per liter) than in the no-IR group (54 ± 35 × 106 cells per liter) or DM group (31 ± 20 × 106 cells per liter; p = .005). Similarly, apheresis yielded the highest numbers of CD34+ cells in the IR group (IR group, 216 ± 110 × 106 cells; no-IR group, 127 ± 82 × 106 cells; DM group, 77 ± 83 × 106 cells; p = .002). Six months after cell therapy, we found an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction in the IR group (+5.6% ± 6.9%) and the no-IR group (+4.4% ± 7.2%) but not in the DM group (−0.9% ± 5.4%; p = .035). The N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels decreased in the IR and no-IR groups, but not in the DM group (−606 ± 850 pg/ml; −698 ± 1,105 pg/ml; and +238 ± 963 pg/ml, respectively; p = .034). Transendocardial CD34+ cell therapy appears to be ineffective in DCM patients with diabetes. IR was associated with improved CD34+ stem cell mobilization and a preserved clinical response to cell therapy.

Significance
The present study is the first clinical study directly evaluating the effects of altered glucose metabolism on the efficacy of CD34+ stem cell therapy in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. The results offer critical insights into the physiology of stem cell mobilization in heart failure and possibly an explanation for the often conflicting results obtained with stem cell therapy for heart failure. These results demonstrate that patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and diabetes do not benefit from autologous CD34+ cell therapy. This finding could serve as a useful tool when selecting heart failure patients for future clinical studies in the field of stem cell therapy.