bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Detection of Two Near‐Earth Asteroids With a Southern Hemisphere Planetary Radar System
Authors: Benson Craig , Reynolds John , Stacy N. J. S. , Benner Lance A. M. , Edwards P. G. , Baines Graham , Boyce Russell , Giorgini Jon D. , Jao Joseph S. , Martinez George , Slade Martin A. , Teitelbaum Lawrence P. , Anabtawi Aseel , Kahan Daniel , Oudrhiri Kamal , Philips C. J. , Stevens J. B. , Kruzins Ed , Lazio T. Joseph W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe describe the first demonstration of a Southern Hemisphere planetary radar system to detect two near‐Earth asteroids (NEAs). The demonstration was conducted in a bistatic manner, with the 70 m antenna of the Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex transmitting at 2.1 GHz and reception at the Parkes Radio Telescope, outfitted with multiple receivers, and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. This initial system was used to detect the NEAs (43577) 2005 UL5 and (33342) 1998 WT24 during their close approaches in 2015 November and 2015 December, respectively. We describe the performance of the system and consider future possibilities using other antennas of the Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex as transmitters.
The Pathway‐Flow Relative Permeability of CO2: Measurement by Lowered Pressure Drops
Authors: Zhang Yi , Nishizawa Osamu , Park Hyuck , Kiyama Tamotsu , Lei Xinglin , Xue Ziqiu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe introduce a simple method to measure the relative permeability of supercritical CO2 in low‐permeability rocks. The method is built on the assumption of the stability of formed CO2 percolation pathway under lowered pressure drops. Initially, a continuous CO2 flow pathway is created under a relatively high‐pressure drop. Then, several subsequent steps of lowered pressure drops are performed while monitoring the associated flow rates. When the pressure drop is lower than a threshold value, the created flow pathway is assumed to be adequately stable and does not vary significantly during successive flows, with the average saturation and flow rate achieving a quasi steady state. The relative permeability of CO2 is then calculated from the relationship between the pressure drop and flow rate at several lowered pressure drops according to the extended form of Darcy's law. We demonstrate this method using both numerical modeling and an experimental test using X‐ray CT imaging. The results indicate the validity of the assumption for the stability of flow pathway under lowered pressure drops. A linear relationship between the lowered pressure drops and the corresponding CO2 flow rate is found. Furthermore, the measurement results suggest that the relative permeability of CO2 can still be high in low‐permeability rocks if the CO2 saturation is higher than the threshold value required to build a flow pathway. The proposed method is important for measuring the pathway‐flow relative permeability of nonwetting fluids in low‐permeability rocks.
The Growth of Hydrological Understanding: Technologies, Ideas, and Societal Needs Shape the Field
Authors: Sivapalan Murugesu , Blöschl Günter 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInspired by the work of Newton, Darwin, and Wegener, this paper tracks the drivers and dynamics that have shaped the growth of hydrological understanding over the last century. On the basis of an interpretation of this history, the paper then speculates about what kind of future is in store for hydrology and how we can better prepare for it. The historical narrative underpinning this analysis indicates that progress in hydrological understanding is brought about by changing societal needs and technological opportunities: new ideas are generated by hydrologists through addressing societal needs with the technologies of their time. We suggest that progress in hydrological understanding over the last century has expressed itself through repeated cycles of euphoria and disenchantment, which have served as stimuli for the progress. The progress, for it to happen, also needed inspirational leaders as well as a supportive scientific community that provided the backdrop to major advances in the field. The paper concludes that, in a similar way to how Newton, Darwin, and Wegener conducted their research, hydrology too can benefit from synthesis activities aimed at “connecting the dots.”
Decreased grip strength, muscle pain, and atrophy occur in rats following long‐term exposure to excessive repetitive motion
Authors: Fujiwara Mitsuhiro , Iwata Masahiro , Inoue Takayuki , Aizawa Yosuke , Yoshito Natsumi , Hayashi Kazuhiro , Suzuki Shigeyuki 
Published: September 2017

Work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) are caused by the overuse of muscles in the workplace. Performing repetitive tasks is a primary risk factor for the development of WMSD. Many workers in highly repetitive jobs exhibit muscle pain and decline in handgrip strength, yet the mechanisms underlying these dysfunctions are poorly understood. In our study, rats performed voluntary repetitive reaching and grasping tasks (Task group), while Control group rats did not perform these activities. In the Task group, grip strength and forearm flexor withdrawal threshold declined significantly from week 2 to week 6, compared with these values at week 0 (P < 0.05). Relative muscle weight and muscle fiber cross‐sectional area of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscles decreased significantly in the Task group, compared with the Control group, at 6 weeks (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Nerve growth factor, glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor, and tumor necrosis factor α‐expression in FDS muscles were not significantly different in Control and Task groups at 3 and 6 weeks. At 6 weeks, the Task group had elevated MuRF1 protein levels (P = 0.065) and significant overexpression of the autophagy‐related (Atg) proteins, Beclin1 and Atg5–Atg12, compared with in the Control group (both P < 0.05). These data suggested that long‐term exposure to excessive repetitive motion causes loss of grip strength, muscle pain, and skeletal muscle atrophy. Furthermore, this exposure may enhance protein degradation through both the ubiquitin‐proteasome and autophagy‐lysosome systems, thereby decreasing skeletal muscle mass.
Conducting‐Polymer‐Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Wang Jinrong , Kong Zhuang , Lv Kuilin , Teng Chao , Zhu Ying 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo alleviate the current energy crisis and environmental pollution, sustainable and ecofriendly energy conversion and storage systems are urgently needed. Due to their high conductivity, promising catalytic activity, and excellent electrochemical properties, conducting polymers have been attracting intense attention for use in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Here, the latest advances regarding the utilization of conducting polymers for fuel cells and supercapacitors are introduced. The strategies employed to improve the electrocatalytic and electrochemical performances of conducting‐polymer‐based materials are presented. In addition, future research endeavors and possible directions for further progress in this field are outlined.
Highly Anisotropic Conductors
Authors: Wan Jiayu , Song Jianwei , Yang Zhi , Kirsch Dylan , Jia Chao , Xu Rui , Dai Jiaqi , Zhu Mingwei , Xu Lisha , Chen Chaoji , Wang Yanbin , Wang Yilin , Hitz Emily , Lacey Steven D. , Li Yongfeng , Yang Bao , Hu Liangbing 
Published: September 2017

AbstractComposite materials with ordered microstructures often lead to enhanced functionalities that a single material can hardly achieve. Many biomaterials with unusual microstructures can be found in nature; among them, many possess anisotropic and even directional physical and chemical properties. With inspiration from nature, artificial composite materials can be rationally designed to achieve this anisotropic behavior with desired properties. Here, a metallic wood with metal continuously filling the wood vessels is developed, which demonstrates excellent anisotropic electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The well‐aligned metal rods are confined and separated by the wood vessels, which deliver directional electron transport parallel to the alignment direction. Thus, the novel metallic wood composite boasts an extraordinary anisotropic electrical conductivity (σ||/σ⊥) in the order of 1011, and anisotropic thermal conductivity (κ||/κ⊥) of 18. These values exceed the highest reported values in existing anisotropic composite materials. The anisotropic functionality of the metallic wood enables it to be used for thermal management applications, such as thermal insulation and thermal dissipation. The highly anisotropic metallic wood serves as an example for further anisotropic materials design; other composite materials with different biotemplates/hosts and fillers can achieve even higher anisotropic ratios, allowing them to be implemented in a variety of applications.
3D Highly Conductive Silver Nanowire@PEDOT:PSS Composite Sponges for Flexible Conductors and Their All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Moon In Kyu , Yoon Seonno , Oh Jungwoo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlthough increasing attention has been paid to wearable electronic devices in recent years, flexible supercapacitors with high performance remain not readily available because of the limitations of flexible electrode types. A highly conductive 3D macroporous sponge is fabricated by coating poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/silver nanowires (AgNWs) on a commercial sponge using a simple and low‐cost “immersion method.” The fabricated flexible 3D sponge conductor shows a high electrical conductivity of 3.94 × 10−4 S cm−1 with good stability in various environments and under bending deformation. To exploit the potential of the flexible 3D PEDOT:PSS/AgNW coating on the sponge as a current collector for energy‐related applications, urchin‐like Co(OH)F arrays are directly grown on PEDOT:PSS/AgNW‐on‐sponge conductors for all‐solid‐state supercapacitors. The resulting symmetric all‐solid‐state supercapacitor exhibits a mass‐specific capacitance of 103.7 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, retaining 85.8% of the initial capacitance after 3000 cycles, and mechanical flexibility during bending. This fabrication of the 3D lightweight conductor can be easily scaled up for mass production and introduces new opportunities for flexible electronic applications.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Spirooxindole δ‐Lactones with Vicinal Tertiary and Quaternary Stereocenters via Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Organocatalytic Vinylogous Aldol‐cyclization Cascade Reaction
Authors: Han Jeng‐Liang , Tsai You‐Da , Chang Chia‐Hao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA highly region‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective organocatalytic vinylogous aldol‐cyclization cascade reaction of prochiral 3‐akylidene oxindoles to isatins has been achieved by using bifuctional organocatalysts. A variety of enantioenriched spirooxindole δ‐lactones with vicinal tertiary and quaternary stereocenters were generated in good to excellent yields with good to high diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities.magnified image
Corrosion‐Protected Hybrid Nanoparticles
Authors: Jeong Hyeon‐Ho , Alarcón‐Correa Mariana , Mark Andrew G. , Son Kwanghyo , Lee Tung‐Chun , Fischer Peer 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNanoparticles composed of functional materials hold great promise for applications due to their unique electronic, optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties. However, a number of functional materials are not only difficult to fabricate at the nanoscale, but are also chemically unstable in solution. Hence, protecting nanoparticles from corrosion is a major challenge for those applications that require stability in aqueous solutions and biological fluids. Here, this study presents a generic scheme to grow hybrid 3D nanoparticles that are completely encapsulated by a nm thick protective shell. The method consists of vacuum‐based growth and protection, and combines oblique physical vapor deposition with atomic layer deposition. It provides wide flexibility in the shape and composition of the nanoparticles, and the environments against which particles are protected. The work demonstrates the approach with multifunctional nanoparticles possessing ferromagnetic, plasmonic, and chiral properties. The present scheme allows nanocolloids, which immediately corrode without protection, to remain functional, at least for a week, in acidic solutions.
Recent Advances in Nanogenerator‐Driven Self‐Powered Implantable Biomedical Devices
Authors: Parvez Mahmud M. A. , Huda Nazmul , Farjana Shahjadi Hisan , Asadnia Mohsen , Lang Candace 
Published: September 2017

AbstractImplantable medical devices (IMDs) have experienced a rapid progress in recent years to the advancement of state‐of‐the‐art medical practices. However, the majority of this equipment requires external power sources like batteries to operate, which may restrict their application for in vivo situations. Furthermore, these external batteries of the IMDs need to be changed at times by surgical processes once expired, causing bodily and psychological annoyance to patients and rising healthcare financial burdens. Currently, harvesting biomechanical energy in vivo is considered as one of the most crucial energy‐based technologies to ensure sustainable operation of implanted medical devices. This review aims to highlight recent improvements in implantable triboelectric nanogenerators (iTENG) and implantable piezoelectric nanogenerators (iPENG) to drive self‐powered, wireless healthcare systems. Furthermore, their potential applications in cardiac monitoring, pacemaker energizing, nerve‐cell stimulating, orthodontic treatment and real‐time biomedical monitoring by scavenging the biomechanical power within the human body, such as heart beating, blood flowing, breathing, muscle stretching and continuous vibration of the lung are summarized and presented. Finally, a few crucial problems which significantly affect the output performance of iTENGs and iPENGs under in vivo environments are addressed.
Design of Cyanovinylene‐Containing Polymer Acceptors with Large Dipole Moment Change for Efficient Charge Generation in High‐Performance All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Cho Han‐Hee , Kim Seonha , Kim Taesu , Sree Vijaya Gopalan , Jin Sung‐Ho , Kim Felix Sunjoo , Kim Bumjoon J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDesigning polymers that facilitate exciton dissociation and charge transport is critical for the production of highly efficient all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Here, the development of a new class of high‐performance naphthalenediimide (NDI)‐based polymers with large dipole moment change (Δµge) and delocalized lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) as electron acceptors for all‐PSCs is reported. A series of NDI‐based copolymers incorporating electron‐withdrawing cyanovinylene groups into the backbone (PNDITCVT‐R) is designed and synthesized with 2‐hexyldecyl (R = HD) and 2‐octyldodecyl (R = OD) side chains. Density functional theory calculations reveal an enhancement in Δµge and delocalization of the LUMO upon the incorporation of cyanovinylene groups. All‐PSCs fabricated from these new NDI‐based polymer acceptors exhibit outstanding power conversion efficiencies (7.4%) and high fill factors (65%), which is attributed to efficient exciton dissociation, well‐balanced charge transport, and suppressed monomolecular recombination. Morphological studies by grazing X‐ray scattering and resonant soft X‐ray scattering measurements show the blend films containing polymer donor and PNDITCVT‐R acceptors to exhibit favorable face‐on orientation and well‐mixed morphology with small domain spacing (30–40 nm).
Anomalous Charge‐Extraction Behavior for Graphene‐Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene‐Oxide (rGO) Films as Efficient p‐Contact Layers for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jokar Efat , Huang Zhong Yi , Narra Sudhakar , Wang Chi‐Yung , Kattoor Vidya , Chung Chih‐Chun , Diau Eric Wei‐Guang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractReduced graphene oxides (rGO) are synthesized via reduction of GO with reducing agents as a hole‐extraction layer for high‐performance inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. The best efficiencies of power conversion (PCE) of these rGO cells exceed 16%, much greater than those made of GO and poly(3,4‐ethenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) films. A flexible rGO device shows PCE 13.8% and maintains 70% of its initial performance over 150 bending cycles. It is found that the hole‐extraction period is much smaller for the GO/methylammonium lead‐iodide perovskite (PSK) film than for the other rGO/PSK films, which contradicts their device performances. Photoluminescence and transient photoelectric decays are measured and control experiments are performed to prove that the reduction of the oxygen‐containing groups in GO significantly decreases the ability of hole extraction from PSK to rGO and also retards the charge recombination at the rGO/PSK interface. When the hole injection from PSK to GO occurs rapidly, hole propagation from GO to the indium‐doped tin oxide (ITO) substrate becomes a bottleneck to overcome, which leads to a rapid charge recombination that decreases the performance of the GO device relative to the rGO device.
Accountability, Collaboration, and Social Change: Ethical Tensions in an Action Research Project to Address Untested Sexual Assault Kits (SAKs)
Authors: Campbell Rebecca , Fehler‐Cabral Giannina 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe conducted a collaborative action research project with stakeholders in Detroit, Michigan, to develop long‐term policy strategies to resolve ~11,000 untested rape kits that were discovered in a police storage facility in August 2009. In our research, we uncovered overwhelming evidence of victim‐blaming behaviors and fundamental disrespect of rape survivors by the police, which directly contributed to their decisions not to submit kits for forensic testing. We had an ethical responsibility to report these negative findings accurately and completely, and in doing so, we were concerned that police stakeholders might disengage from the action research project and hamper our other ethical responsibilities to promote general and public welfare. In this article, we examine the ethical challenges of balancing accountability, collaboration, and social change.
The Stories We Tell: Introduction to the Special Issue on Ethical Challenges in Community Psychology Research and Practice
Authors: Campbell Rebecca , Morris Michael 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis Special Issue examines ethical challenges in community psychology research and practice. The literature on ethics in community psychology has remained largely abstract and aspirational, with few concrete examples and case studies, so the goal of this Special Issue was to expand our written discourse about ethical dilemmas in our field. In these articles, researchers and practitioners share stories of specific ethical challenges they faced and how they sought to resolve them. These first‐person narratives examine how ethical challenges come about, how community psychology values inform ethical decision making, and how lessons learned from these experiences can inform an ethical framework for community psychology.
Inversed Expression Patterns of S100A4 and E‐Cadherin in Cervical Cancers: Implication in Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Liu Ming , Liu Jia , Yang Bin , Gao Xue , Gao Ling‐Lu , Kong Qing‐You , Zhang Peng , Li Hong 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTCervical cancer/CC is the third commonest female malignancy worldwide. The aggressive growth and distal metastases are the leading causes of CC mortality, which is largely due to epithelial–mesenchymal transition/EMT. Fibroblast specific protein S100A4 promotes cancer metastasis and epithelial type cadherin/E‐cadherin play pivotal roles in cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interaction. Therefore, the expression patterns of S100A4 and E‐cadherin reflect statuses of EMT of carcinoma cells. However, S100A4 expression and its relevance with E‐cadherin and HPV16 infection in cervical cancers remain unknown. This study aims to address the above issues using cervical cancer specimens. Immunohistochemistry reveals that the levels of mesenchymal marker S100A4 is upregulated (>++) in cervical adenocarcinomas/CACs (12/16; 75%) and squamous cell carcinomas/CSCCs (23/28; 82%) than that in noncancerous glandular epithelia/GE (0/12; 0%) and squamous epithelia/SE (0/12; 0%). Epithelial marker membranous E‐cadherin is remarkably reduced on the surface of CAC and CSCC cells (P = 0.00; P = 0.00), especially those showing poorly differentiated phenotypes (P < 0.05) in comparison with their noncancerous counterparts. Correlative analyses revealed an inverse relationship between S100A4 and E‐cadherin expression among the cervical cancer samples (P = 0.01, r = –0.38). S100A4 expression level in HPV16‐infected group is higher than that in HPV16‐free group (P = 0.02). These results suggest the close correlation of S100A4 upregulation with cervical cancer formation and HPV16 infection and E‐cadherin reduction with the grades of CC dedifferentiation. The concurrent gain of S100A4 and loss of membrane E‐cadherin suggest EMT tendency of CC cells and can be regarded as an unfavorable prognostic parameter of CC patients. Anat Rec, 300:2184–2191, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sprouty2 is involved in the control of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation through the FGF and BMP signaling pathways
Authors: Taketomi Takaharu , Onimura Tomohiro , Yoshiga Daigo , Muratsu Daichi , Sanui Terukazu , Fukuda Takao , Kusukawa Jingo , Nakamura Seiji 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFibroblast growth factor (FGF) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) play essential roles in bone formation and osteoblast activity through the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Smad pathways. Sprouty family members are intracellular inhibitors of the FGF signaling pathway, and four orthologs of Sprouty have been identified in mammals. In vivo analyses have revealed that Sprouty2 is associated with bone formation. However, the mechanism by which the Sprouty family controls bone formation has not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the involvement of Sprouty2 in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. We examined Sprouty2 expression in MC3T3‐E1 cells, and found that high levels of Sprouty2 expression were induced by basic FGF stimulation. Overexpression of Sprouty2 in MC3T3‐E1 cells resulted in suppressed proliferation compared with control cells. Sprouty2 negatively regulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 after basic FGF stimulation, and of Smad1/5/8 after BMP stimulation. Furthermore, Sprouty2 suppressed the expression of osterix, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin mRNA, which are markers of osteoblast differentiation. Additionally, Sprouty2 inhibited osteoblast matrix mineralization. These results suggest that Sprouty2 is involved in the control of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by downregulating the FGF‐ERK1/2 and BMP‐Smad pathways, and suppresses the induction of markers of osteoblast differentiation.
Specific Ion Effects on the Mediated Oxidation of NADH
Authors: Carucci Cristina , Salis Andrea , Magner Edmond 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe electrochemical mediated oxidation of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by 2,2‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) was examined in a range of electrolytes. Changes in the Faradaic response were observed that were dependent on the nature of the salt used. In the presence of 200 mM chloride salts, the Faradaic response followed the trend Na+>K+>Li+>Cs+>Gnd+ while in the presence of 200 mM sodium salts, the trend Cl−>Br−>F−>ClO4−>SCN− was observed. The observed trends varied when the concentration of the ions was altered. The effect of the cation also changed when the counterion was changed, indicating that specific ion pair effects were present. The results indicate that the nature of the electrolyte alters the Faradaic response.