bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary supplementation of exogenous multi-enzyme mixture containing carbohydrases and phytase on growth performance, energy and nutrient digestibility, and selected mucosal gene expression in the small intestine of weanling pigs fed nutrient deficient diets
Authors: Lu H. , Preynat A. , Legrand-Defretin V. , Geraert P.A. , Adeola O. , Ajuwon K.M. 
Published: March 2016

Effect of carbohydrases and phytase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization and gut health of nursery pigs was evaluated. Pigs were blocked by body weight (BW) and sex and allocated to four treatments. Treatments were a positive control (PC), a negative control (NC) deficient in metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), Ca, and non-phytate P (nPP), NC plus Rovabio® Max AP enzyme mix, at 0.05 and 0.075 g kg−1. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was determined in faecal samples. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) was determined in ileal digesta samples collected after euthanasia. Lower final BW and average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05) were observed in NC compared with PC. Enzyme at 0.05 g kg−1increased (P < 0.05) BW on d 14 and d 41, respectively, and also increased ADG. Enzyme at 0.075 g kg−1increased BW on d 14 and ADG on d 0 to d 14 (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency [gain to feed ratio (G:F)] was greater (P < 0.05) in PC than NC from d 15 to d 41 and from d 0 to d 41. No difference in G:F was observed with enzyme supplementation. Higher (P < 0.05) serum Ca and bone ash were observed in PC than NC. Enzyme increased the ATTD of Ca and P (P < 0.05) compared with NC.
Combined effects of supplementary light and CO2on rose growth and the production of good quality cut flowers
Authors: Naing Aung Htay , Jeon Su Min , Park Jun Seong , Kim Chang Kil 
Published: March 2016

The effects of supplementary lighting with high-pressure sodium (HSP) lamps alone or in combination with carbon dioxide (CO2) on the growth, yield, and flower stem quality of two rose cultivars (‘Loving Heart’ and ‘Top Grace’) were studied. Compared to natural lighting (control), supplementary lighting alone was beneficial for plant growth, and it increased plant height, stem diameter, and the number of axillary shoots. Furthermore, increases in flower stem yield (>70 cm), flower stem diameter, fresh weight, and the number of petals per flower were also observed. The combination of supplementary lighting and CO2significantly enhanced all of the studied parameters compared to supplementary lighting alone. Moreover, stomatal density and chlorophyll fluorescence were seemingly affected by either supplementary lighting alone or in combination with CO2. This is the first study to examine the beneficial effects of combined supplementary lighting and CO2conditions, and the resulting information is essential to rose growers and commercial production.
Measurement of Endogenous versus Exogenous Formaldehyde–Induced DNA–Protein Crosslinks in Animal Tissues by Stable Isotope Labeling and Ultrasensitive Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lai Yongquan , Yu Rui , Hartwell Hadley J. , Moeller Benjamin C. , Bodnar Wanda M. , Swenberg James A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
DNA–protein crosslinks (DPC) arise from a wide range of endogenous and exogenous chemicals, such as chemotherapeutic drugs and formaldehyde. Importantly, recent identification of aldehydes as endogenous genotoxins in Fanconi anemia has provided new insight into disease causation. Because of their bulky nature, DPCs pose severe threats to genome stability, but previous methods to measure formaldehyde-induced DPCs were incapable of discriminating between endogenous and exogenous sources of chemical. In this study, we developed methods that provide accurate and distinct measurements of both exogenous and endogenous DPCs in a structurally specific manner. We exposed experimental animals to stable isotope–labeled formaldehyde ([13CD2]-formaldehyde) by inhalation and performed ultrasensitive mass spectrometry to measure endogenous (unlabeled) and exogenous (13CD2-labeled) DPCs. We found that exogenous DPCs readily accumulated in nasal respiratory tissues but were absent in tissues distant to the site of contact. This observation, together with the finding that endogenous formaldehyde–induced DPCs were present in all tissues examined, suggests that endogenous DPCs may be responsible for increased risks of bone marrow toxicity and leukemia. Furthermore, the slow rate of DPC repair provided evidence for the persistence of DPCs. In conclusion, our method for measuring endogenous and exogenous DPCs presents a new perspective for the potential health risks inflicted by endogenous formaldehyde and may inform improved disease prevention and treatment strategies. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2652–61. ©2016 AACR.
Dual Targeting of Bromodomain and Extraterminal Domain Proteins, and WNT or MAPK Signaling, Inhibits c-MYC Expression and Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Tögel Lars , Nightingale Rebecca , Chueh Anderly C. , Jayachandran Aparna , Tran Hoanh , Phesse Toby , Wu Rui , Sieber Oliver M. , Arango Diego , Dhillon Amardeep S. , Dawson Mark A. , Diez-Dacal Beatriz , Gahman Timothy C. , Filippakopoulos Panagis , Shiau Andrew K. , Mariadason John M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Inhibitors of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein family attenuate the proliferation of several tumor cell lines. These effects are mediated, at least in part, through repression of c-MYC. In colorectal cancer, overexpression of c-MYC due to hyperactive WNT/β-catenin/TCF signaling is a key driver of tumor progression; however, effective strategies to target this oncogene remain elusive. Here, we investigated the effect of BET inhibitors (BETi) on colorectal cancer cell proliferation and c-MYC expression. Treatment of 20 colorectal cancer cell lines with the BETi JQ1 identified a subset of highly sensitive lines. JQ1 sensitivity was higher in cell lines with microsatellite instability but was not associated with the CpG island methylator phenotype, c-MYC expression or amplification status, BET protein expression, or mutation status of TP53, KRAS/BRAF, or PIK3CA/PTEN. Conversely, JQ1 sensitivity correlated significantly with the magnitude of c-MYC mRNA and protein repression. JQ1-mediated c-MYC repression was not due to generalized attenuation of β-catenin/TCF-mediated transcription, as JQ1 had minimal effects on other β-catenin/TCF target genes or β-catenin/TCF reporter activity. BETi preferentially target super-enhancer–regulated genes, and a super-enhancer in c-MYC was recently identified in HCT116 cells to which BRD4 and effector transcription factors of the WNT/β−catenin/TCF and MEK/ERK pathways are recruited. Combined targeting of c-MYC with JQ1 and inhibitors of these pathways additively repressed c-MYC and proliferation of HCT116 cells. These findings demonstrate that BETi downregulate c-MYC expression and inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation and identify strategies for enhancing the effects of BETi on c-MYC repression by combinatorial targeting the c-MYC super-enhancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1217–26. ©2016 AACR.
TWIST1 Polymorphisms Predict Survival in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving First-Line Bevacizumab plus Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Matsusaka Satoshi , Zhang Wu , Cao Shu , Hanna Diana L. , Sunakawa Yu , Sebio Ana , Ueno Masashi , Yang Dongyun , Ning Yan , Parekh Anish , Okazaki Satoshi , Berger Martin D. , Ichikawa Wataru , Mizunuma Nobuyuki , Lenz Heinz-Josef 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism of resistance to angiogenesis inhibition. The ability of EMT pathway genetic variants to predict the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy is unknown. We analyzed associations between functional SNPs in EMT-related genes and outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients undergoing first-line bevacizumab-based chemotherapy. A total of 220 mCRC patients were included in this study: 143 patients treated with first-line bevacizumab-based chemotherapy (bevacizumab cohort) and 77 patients treated with cetuximab-based chemotherapy (cetuximab cohort). SNPs in TWIST1 (rs2285682, rs2285681), ZEB1 (rs10826943, rs2839658), SNAIL (rs1543442, rs4647958), and E-cadherin (rs16260) genes were analyzed by PCR-based direct sequencing. Patients carrying a TWIST1 rs2285682 G allele had a significantly longer median progression-free survival (PFS) of 18.1 months and overall survival (OS) of 44.1 months compared with those with the T/T genotype, who had a median PFS of 13.3 months (HR, 0.57; P = 0.003) and OS of 29.2 months (HR, 0.53; P = 0.001) in the bevacizumab cohort. In multivariate analysis, associations between TWIST1 rs2285682 and PFS and OS remained significant. Among women, the G allele of TWIST1 rs2285682 (PFS HR, 0.39; P = 0.007; OS HR, 0.30; P = 0.001) and TWIST1 rs2285681 (PFS HR, 0.27; P &lt; 0.001; OS HR, 0.25; P &lt; 0.001) was associated with improved survival. No significant associations were found in the cetuximab cohort. Our findings suggest that TWIST1 polymorphisms are associated with survival in mCRC patients treated with first-line bevacizumab-based chemotherapy and may serve as clinically useful biomarkers for antiangiogenic therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1405–11. ©2016 AACR.
A new heat shock protein 70 gene (HSC70) and its expression profiles in response to cadmium stress and after different post-moulting times in Exopalaemon carinicauda (Holthuis, 1950) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)
Authors: Gao Huan , Li Zhihui , Lai Xiaofang , Xue Bei , Yan Binlun , Cheng Hanliang , Pan Qian 
Published: March 2016

In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence (GenBank accession number AGF80339.1) encoding a novel heat shock protein HSP70 family member (Heat shock cognate 70, EcHSC70) was cloned from the ridgetail white prawn,Exopalaemon carinicauda(Holthuis, 1950) [currently also as:Palaemon carinicaudaHolthuis, 1950].EcHSC70full-length cDNA consists of 2452 bp, containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 1935 bp, and it encodes a 650-amino-acid protein with a theoretical size of about 71 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.32. Phylogenetic analysis showed that EcHSC70 can be categorized together with the known HSP70 family members reported in other crustaceans. Tissue-expression analysis revealed thatEcHSC70was constitutively expressed in all of the tested tissues, with a significantly increased expression in the gill post-moulting. Moreover, the relative mRNA level ofEcHSC70tended to increase in the early stages of post-moulting (from 0 to 5 min), suggesting that EcHSC70 might take part in the recovery ofE. carinicaudaafter moulting. In addition, under different levels of cadmium stress,EcHSC70tended to be significantly expressed only after 24 h of cadmium exposure, and was more inducible by low concentrations of cadmium, as opposed to high concentrations.
Species of the genus Arthrobrachus Solier, 1849 (Coleoptera: Melyridae) <br />distributed to the East of the Andes
Authors: ESTRADA PATRICIA M. 
Published: March 2016

The species of the genus Arthrobrachus Solier, 1849 distributed in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay have been revised. The morphological study of specimens and the review of the type material have resulted in a new combination: Arthrobrachus flavomarginatus (Blanchard, 1843) n. comb. (from Astylus Laporte, 1836), and four new synonymies: Arthrobrachus rufitarsis Philippi & Philippi, 1864 = A. obscuripes Pic, 1927 n. syn.; Arthrobrachus flavomarginatus (Blanchard, 1843) = A. xanthurus (Blanchard, 1843) n. syn. = A. boucardi Pic, 1919 n. syn. = A. lajoyei Pic, 1919 n. syn. Three species described by Steinheil (1874), Arthrobrachus depressus, Arthrobrachus testaceolimbatus and Arthrobrachus testaceus are considered as incertae sedis and Arthrobrachus quadrilineatus Steinheil, 1874 is transferred to Astylus Laporte, 1836 as A. steinheili nomen novum. Four new species of Arthrobrachus have been described: A. antonioi n. sp., A. eloisae n. sp., A. solervicensi n. sp. and A. armandoi n. sp. Distributional data and a key to the species are provided.
“I Wouldn’t Take My Chances on the Street”
Authors: von Lampe Klaus , Kurti Marin , Johnson Jacqueline , Rengifo Andres F. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives: This article examines the decision-making of consumers of illegal goods and services, using the illegal cigarette market in the South Bronx as a case study. Methods: Sixty-seven adult smokers residing in the South Bronx (New York City) were purposively recruited and placed into 13 focus groups stratified by gender and age to discuss their purchasing patterns of cigarettes. Results: Our participants routinely buy and consume illicit cigarettes. They prefer to purchase these illicit cigarettes in legitimate stores rather than from street vendors. In their decision-making, our participants are guided by various concerns, including reliable access to illicit cigarettes, minimal exposure to the police, the ability to purchase cigarettes on credit, reduced risk of being sold low-quality cigarettes (i.e., stale, counterfeit), and the chance to successfully complain in case of poor product quality. Conclusions: Consumers make rational decisions to purchase illicit cigarettes within the constraints they face as a result of their socioeconomic position. They base their decisions on a set of factors of which the lowest retail price is not a primary concern.
Political Conflict and Spiritual Battle
Authors: Sarmet Moreira Smiderle Carlos Gustavo , Belchior Mesquita Wania Amelia 
Published: March 2016

A new interpretation of Evangelical actors’ increasing participation in Brazilian political and electoral contests is that elements of Pentecostalism predispose a believer to see the world as the site of an eternal struggle between God and Satan. The belief in demons that have territorial jurisdictions, known as territorial spirits, is one aspect of this theology. The cognitive universe of this belief induces the Evangelical voter to make electoral decisions on the basis of religious premises. It teaches the voter to conceive, without much reflection, the spiritual battle and the electoral game as territorial disputes. Uma nova interpretação para a crescente participação de atores evangélicos nas disputas político-eleitorais do Brasil é que elementos pentecostais predispõem a fazer a leitura do mundo como sendo resultado da disputa desde sempre travada entre Deus e o Diabo. Importante aspecto desta teologia é a crença em demônios dotados de jurisdição territorial, referidos como espíritos territoriais. O universo cognitivo onde prospera esta crença torna o eleitor evangélico propenso a tomar decisões eleitorais a partir de premissas religiosas. Embora nem sempre de modo reflexivo, tal crença leva o fiel a conceber batalha espiritual e jogo eleitoral como disputas por territórios.
Fastball Pitch Velocity Helps Predict Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Major League Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Chalmers Peter N. , Erickson Brandon J. , Ball Brian , Romeo Anthony A. , Verma Nikhil N. 
Published: March 2016

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament injury and its subsequent surgical reconstruction are some of the most common issues among Major League Baseball (MLB) players. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine factors predictive of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) among MLB pitchers. The hypothesis was that pitchers who underwent UCLR would have higher preinjury peak fastball pitch velocity. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data on pitch velocity, number, and type (fastball, curveball, etc) for every pitcher and game within MLB from April 2, 2007 to April 14, 2015 were gathered from the publically available PitchFx database. Pitcher demographic information was also recorded. Data from after 2012 were excluded to avoid lead-time bias. Using publically available information, the names and approximate dates of surgery for every MLB pitcher who ever underwent UCLR, including those before 2007 and after 2012, were collected. Each pitcher-game was then classified as “control,” “preinjury,” or “postoperative.” Control and preinjury pitchers were then compared to determine risk factors for UCLR. Results: Overall, 1327 pitchers were included, of whom 309 (26.8%) had undergone UCLR. Of these, 145 had preinjury velocity data. Peak pitch velocity was significantly higher among preinjury pitchers than control pitchers (mean [95% CI], 93.3 mph [92.8-93.8] vs 92.1 mph [91.9-92.3]; P < .001), as was mean pitch velocity (87.8 mph [87.3-88.3] vs 86.9 mph [86.7-87.1]; P = .001). Both demonstrated a dose-response relationship. Although height did not differ ( P = .934), weight was significantly higher for preinjury pitchers than controls ( P = .005). Pitch counts per year were significantly lower for preinjury pitchers compared with control pitchers, although preinjury pitchers threw more breaking pitches ( P = .003). On multivariate regression, peak pitch velocity was the primary independent predictor of whether a pitcher underwent UCLR ( P < .001), with mean velocity ( P = .013), body mass index ( P = .010), and age ( P = .006) being secondary predictors. However, a model constructed with these variables only explained 7% of the variance in UCLR rates. Pitch counts were not significant predictors. Conclusion: Higher pitch velocity is the most predictive factor of UCLR in MLB pitchers, with higher weight and younger age being secondary predictors, although these factors only explained 7% of the variance in UCLR rates.
Evaluating Competing Data Series: A Telecommunications Application
Authors: Glass Victor , Cahn Susanna 
Published: March 2016

Successful application of theory to practice requires good data. Yet, data can vary widely in quality, consistency, and even longevity of a particular data source. Measurement techniques can change, thus changing the definition of a data series, perhaps because of a business reorganization. In part because of industry change caused by divestiture, there were several alternative sources of data on minutes of telephone demand during the time period covered by this study. A decision had to be made which series, or what combination, to use for forecasting access rates. A canonical correlations model was used to test the similarity of two competing demand series. The number of statistically significant linear combinations indicates the number of demand series that are statistically distinct. If only one linear combination is significant, the canonical correlation algorithm will produce one optimal linear combination of these series to measure demand. The exogenous variables were the ones chosen by the FCC for its aggregate demand model. They included: trend, seasonal dummies, lagged dependent variable, and subscriber lines. The two competing demand series were the dependent variables. Results of the canonical correlation estimation showed two significant linear combinations, showing that the two competing demand series were statistically distinct and indicating that they did not both measure the true demand series. Separate regressions of each demand series on the set of exogenous variables showed that one of them was predominantly explained by the lag of its own dependent variable; the other showed marked seasonality. A comparison with predivestiture data supported the seasonal pattern. As a result of this research, the latter series was considered the more realistic measure of demand. This methodology could be applied similarly where, as was the case with divestiture in telecommunications, organizational discontinuity produces competing data series.
Reflections On Economic Development
Authors: Domar Evsey D. 
Published: March 2016

Editor’s Introduction Originally published in Volume 10, Number 1, Spring 1966, pages 5-13. Three years after the merger that created Omicron Delta Epsilon, Evsey Domar (1914-1997) became one of the first established “big names” to publish a paper in The American Economist. The occasion was precipitated by the inaugural delivery of the John R. Commons Lecture at the annual American Economic Association conference the previous December. ODE presents the Commons Award biennially to an outstanding economist in recognition of academic achievements and for service to the economics profession. The award memorializes Professor Commons who founded one of ODE’s predecessor honor societies in 1915 at the University of Wisconsin. Professor Domar, immortalized as one of the originators of the Harrod-Domar model of economic growth, was the first in a long and continuing line of prominent economists to receive the Commons Award, including Milton Friedman, Kenneth Arrow, Douglas North, Gary Becker, and Peter Diamond. In this paper, Professor Domar outlines his thoughts and ideas on why and how underdeveloped countries should institute market-oriented reforms to promote economic growth and prosperity. Fifty years later his words still ring true, “Economic development is a difficult and complex process, hard to deal with, because contrary to some of our favorite models, it is essentially not a capital but a human problem.”
Edifying Editing
Authors: McAfee R. Preston 
Published: March 2016

Editor’s Introduction Originally published in Volume 55, Number 1, Spring 2010, pages 1-8. Preston McAfee (born 1956) is an economist for the digital age. He currently serves as Chief Economist and Corporate Vice President for Microsoft after working in similar positions for Google and Yahoo!. His corporate career follows a distinguished tenure in academics at institutions such as, the University of Texas at Austin, and the California Institute of Technology. Professor McAfee’s research centers on applied problems in microeconomics and industrial organization. He is known for his award winning work in auctions and mechanism design. Between 2007 and 2012, Professor McAfee served as Editor of Economic Inquiry, the flagship academic journal of the Western Economic Association International. This paper recounts his experiences with editorship and provides valuable insight into the traditional peer review process of economic research. Professor McAfee describes the logic behind his innovative “no revisions” submission policy that was introduced by Economic Inquiry during his time at the helm. Authors, referees, and editors will all find something useful to take away from this article that was part of series published by The American Economist to highlight the role of editors and journals within the economics profession.
Paul Samuelson on His 90th Birthday
Authors: Galbraith John Kenneth 
Published: March 2016

Editor’s Introduction Originally published in Volume 51, Number 2, Fall 2007, page 39. John Kenneth Galbraith (1908-2006) was one of the leading voices of American liberalism during the latter half of the twentieth century. Even though Professor Galbraith served on the economics faculty of Harvard University for fifty years, he is remembered today more for his role as a public intellectual and policy advisor to presidents than for his academic contributions to economic theory. Intensely interested in public policy, Professor Galbraith served several presidential administrations, including time as Ambassador to India under John F. Kennedy. During his lengthy career, he authored numerous bestselling books, including the influential The Affluent Society in 1958 and, The New Industrial State in 1967. In this short paper published posthumously, Professor Galbraith celebrates the 90th birthday of another prominent economist of his generation, Paul Samuelson. Professor Galbraith outlines his views on Samuelson’s impact on the profession and posterity.