bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unconventional Behavior of Friction at the Nanoscale beyond Amontons’ Law
Authors: Chen Jingrun , Gao Wang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBy means of a many‐body van der Waals (vdW)‐corrected density functional theory approach, the atomic‐scale friction of a prototypical tip–substrate system consisting of an Si tip and a graphene substrate is studied. In a loading–sliding process, the tip–substrate distance is found to be essential for nanofrictional behavior, through determining the competition between vdW contributions and electronic contributions. As the tip approaches the substrate, this competition results in a smooth transition of normal forces from attraction to repulsion, and the friction coefficient in turn undergoes a sign change from negative to positive with possible giant magnitude and strong anisotropy. The loading–sliding process does not introduce any chemical modification of the underlying system. These findings reveal the boundary of validity of Amontons’ law, unify negative and giant friction coefficients, rationalize the experimentally observed anisotropy of nanofriction, and are universal when vdW interactions are crucial, all of which are helpful to establish a comprehensive picture of nanofriction.
Progression and stability analysis of rain forest tree growth under environmental stochasticity
Authors: Newbery David M. , Lingenfelder Marcus 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChanges in relative stem growth rate (rgr) across periods of multi‐censused plot data in tropical forest allow response indices (RIs) to be related to environmental (climatic) variation over time. Among small trees (12.5 to <50 cm girth at breast height [gbh]) in two permanent 4‐ha plots at Danum, Sabah, Borneo (lowland dipterocarp formation), growth responses were followed before, during, and after a major ENSO drying event in 1998 (censuses of 1986, 1996, 1999, 2001, and 2007 in subplots). Overall, RI was negative in the interval with the drought, increased or reflected overcompensation in rgr immediately afterwards, and then settled back to pre‐event levels. However, among the various tree species, responses and trajectories were very different: Some species showed positive or negative trends, while others showed stabilizing ones, and several had stable and unstable oscillations. Response index was graphed for pairs of periods in two ways: “consecutive” and “constitutive,” allowing, respectively, progression (fundamental, implicit and explicit) and stability (fundamental, intended, and extended) to be examined. Strongest RIs were found among the understory species. Variation in RI was, nevertheless, very high between individuals within species and masked most average species' differences. Environmental stochasticity appears to lead to strong mixing effects of species composition over time, not necessarily randomly, but in a highly complicated manner depending on tree size, topographic location, neighborhood, and over–understory status, which would compound demographic stochasticity in recruitment to the small‐tree class. Fluctuating responses cascade over one another in a highly unpredictable manner. These pluralistic responses may form the basis to a new understanding of tree population dynamics within the forest ecosystem, and to an improved theory about the maintenance of high species richness. Plasticity in allocation of resources to roots vs. shoots under water limitation offers a feasible hypothesis for high individual variation in growth. Instead of tropical rain forests being viewed as “complex,” an empirically more sound way is to regard them as being highly “complicated” within a mechanistic and functional approach. Multi‐species tree population dynamics are accordingly highly unpredictable and quasi‐indeterminate.
Coral disease hotspots in the Caribbean
Authors: van Woesik R. , Randall C. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecent outbreaks of coral diseases in the Caribbean have been linked to increasingly stressful sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs). Yet, ocean warming is spatially heterogeneous and therefore has the potential to lead to hotspots of disease activity. Here, we take an epidemiological approach to examine spatial differences in the risk of white‐band disease on Acropora spp. and yellow‐band disease on Orbicella spp. in the Caribbean. Our analysis involved examining the spatial patterns of disease prevalence, and creating a Bayesian‐risk model that tested for regional differences in disease risk. The spatial examination of disease prevalence showed several clusters of white‐band disease, including high prevalence in the Turks and Caicos, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Belize, whereas yellow‐band disease seemed most prevalent along the Yucatan Peninsula. The Bayesian‐risk model showed regional clusters of white‐band disease near the southern Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the Lesser Antilles, whereas the risk of yellow‐band disease was highest in the southern Caribbean. The relative risk of both diseases increased with warmer SSTs. The Bayesian‐risk model allowed us to predict where we should expect future outbreaks of coral diseases at a regional scale, and suggests regions where the implementation of disease mitigation plans may be most urgent.
A Statistical Procedure for Testing Unusually Frequent Exactly Matching Responses and Nearly Matching Responses
Authors: Haberman Shelby J. , Lee Yi‐Hsuan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn investigations of unusual testing behavior, a common question is whether a specific pattern of responses occurs unusually often within a group of examinees. In many current tests, modern communication techniques can permit quite large numbers of examinees to share keys, or common response patterns, to the entire test. To address this issue, statistical methods are provided to identify examinees in a test with answers that exactly match and to assess whether such exact matches are unusual. In addition, methodology is provided to identify examinees with response patterns unusually similar to circulated keys. Application is made to a testing program.
Hybrid teaching‐learning optimization of wireless sensor networks
Authors: Tsiflikiotis Antonios , Goudos Sotirios K. , Karagiannidis George K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper deals with the power allocation of decentralized detection in an optimal wireless sensor network (WSN). The main objective is to find a solution that minimizes the total power consumed by the WSN, so that the error probability at the fusion center would be below a certain threshold. More specifically, we propose a novel stochastic optimization algorithm, called the TLBO‐Jaya algorithm, which is a hybrid form of two recently proposed algorithms, ie, the teaching‐learning–based optimization (TLBO) and Jaya algorithms. The proposed optimization solution is evaluated for several WSN cases and compared with results from the literature. Additionally, it is compared with both the TLBO and Jaya algorithms, the heat transfer search algorithm, and the popular particle swarm optimization. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than other well‐known algorithms in almost all tested cases.
Incentives to patients versus incentives to health care providers: The users' perspective
Authors: Jelovac Izabela , Polomé Philippe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn theory, health care providers may adapt their professional behavior to the financial incentives resulting from their remuneration. Our research question is whether the users of health care services anticipate such behavior from their general practitioner (GP) and, if they do, what consequences such anticipation has on their preferences regarding financial incentives. Our theoretical model explains users' preferences for one or another incentives scheme, disentangling the financial motives (incentives amounts, wealth) from the behavioral ones (perceived GPs' sensitivity to incentives). We empirically test our theoretical predictions using data from a survey that elicits individual preferences for either patient or provider hypothetical incentives in France. The empirical results confirm the theoretical ones: users tend to prefer incentives to patients rather than to GPs when the amount of GP incentives is high, when the amount of patient incentives is low, when they anticipate that their GP's medical decisions are affected by financial incentives or when their wealth is high. Otherwise, they prefer their GP to face financial incentives.
Estimating lifetime medical costs from censored claims data
Authors: Hwang Jing‐Shiang , Hu Tsuey‐Hwa , Lee Lukas Jyuhn‐Hsiarn , Wang Jung‐Der 
Published: May 2017

SummaryClaims databases consisting of routinely collected longitudinal records of medical expenditures are increasingly utilized for estimating expected medical costs of patients with a specific condition. Survival data of the patients of interest are usually highly censored, and observed expenditures are incomplete. In this study, we propose a survival‐adjusted estimator for estimating mean lifetime costs, which integrates the product of the survival function and the mean cost function over the lifetime horizon. The survival function is estimated by a new algorithm of rolling extrapolation, aided by external information of age‐ and sex‐matched referents simulated from national vital statistics. The mean cost function is estimated by a weighted average of mean expenditures of patients in a number of months prior to their death, of which the number could be determined by observed costs in their final months, and the weights depend on extrapolated hazards. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach in comparison with that of a popular method using simulated data under various scenarios and 2 cohorts of intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke patients with a maximum follow‐up of 13 years and conclude that our new method estimates the mean lifetime costs more accurately.
Catalyst‐free Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐3,1′‐pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolines] via Diastereoselective 1,3‐dipolar Cycloaddition under Mild Conditions
Authors: Hu Fangzhi , Chen Hui , Zhang Minmin , Yu Shuowen , Xu Xiaoying , Yuan Weicheng , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: May 2017

A highly efficient catalyst‐free1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of methyleneindolinones and C,N‐cyclic azomethine imines was realized. The reactions afforded a large variety of spirooxindoles in high yields (up to 99%) and excellent diastereoselectivities (dr > 20:1). Furthermore, the configuration of one of the products was determined on the basis of X‐ray structural analysis. Accordingly, a possible transition‐state model was proposed.
The climatology of the Red Sea – part 1: the wind
Authors: Langodan Sabique , Cavaleri Luigi , Vishwanadhapalli Yesubabu , Pomaro Angela , Bertotti Luciana , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe wind climatology of the Red Sea is described based on a 30‐year high‐resolution regional reanalysis generated using the Advanced Weather Research Forecasting model. The model was reinitialized on a daily basis with ERA‐Interim global data and regional observations were assimilated using a cyclic three‐dimensional variational approach. The reanalysis products were validated against buoy and scatterometers data. We describe the wind climatology and identify four major systems that determine the wind patterns in the Red Sea. Each system has a well‐defined origin, and consequently different characteristics along the year. After analysing the relevant features of the basin in terms of their climatology, we investigate possible long‐term trends in each system. It is found that there is a definite tendency towards lowering the strength of the wind speed, but at a different rate for different systems and periods of the year.
Quality changes and shelf‐life extension of ready‐to‐eat fish patties by adding encapsulated citric acid
Authors: Bou Ricard , Claret Anna , Stamatakis Antonios , Martínez Brigitte , Guerrero Luis 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDCitric acid is commonly used as a flavoring and preservative in food and beverages. The effect of adding citric acid directly or encapsulated (each at 1 and 2 g kg−1) on the quality and shelf‐life of ready‐to‐eat sea bass patties was evaluated during storage at 4 °C in vacuum skin packaging.RESULTSMicrobial growth and total basic volatile nitrogen were maintained at relatively low levels up to 8 weeks of storage. With respect to oxidative stability, the addition of encapsulated citric acid minimized secondary oxidation values more efficiently than its direct addition, regardless of the concentration. This is in agreement with the decreased fishy odor observed in those patties containing encapsulated citric acid. Accordingly, sensory analysis showed that the addition of encapsulated citric acid at 1 g kg−1 resulted in lower scores in fish aroma compared to that of the control. Sourness is dependent on the amount of citric acid added, regardless of the form (direct or encapsulated).CONCLUSIONSThe form of citric acid addition, rather than the amount of citric acid added, caused changes in texture. Therefore, the use of encapsulated citric acid represents a suitable strategy that is of great interest in the seafood industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of marine snail Rapana venosa meat, visceral mass and operculum
Authors: Luo Fenglei , Xing Ronge , Wang Xueqin , Peng Quancai , Li Pengcheng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDRapana venosa (Rv), an important marine snail, demonstrates an increasing nutritional and economic importance. However, there is still limited information available on their nutritional composition. The present study highlights and provides new information on the proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of different body parts of Rv, aiming for its better application and research.RESULTSThe operculum contained a high amount of protein and flavor amino acids. The edible tissues, including meat and visceral mass, were valuable sources of essential amino acids (EAA) apart from methionine and cysteine. In addition, the meat contained high amount of taurine. Fatty acid analysis indicated that the edible tissues contained high amounts of ω3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (C22:6ω3), and had a low ω6/ω3 fatty acid ratio. Interestingly, significantly higher concentrations of most nutritional elements such as fat, EAA, EPA and DHA, were found in the visceral mass compared to those in the meat.CONCLUSIONThe operculum of Rv may became a very interesting source for some protein and flavor peptide development, and the edible parts of Rv may be utilized for special dietary applications requiring high amounts of taurine, EPA, DHA and a lower ω6/ω3 fatty acid ratio. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Variation of fucoid community metabolism during the tidal cycle: Insights from in situ measurements of seasonal carbon fluxes during emersion and immersion
Authors: Bordeyne François , Migné Aline , Davoult Dominique 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntertidal communities dominated by canopy‐forming brown seaweed are typically highly productive systems. However, their metabolism can vary significantly over time, due to fluctuations in abiotic parameters. If tidal and/or seasonal cycles play an important role in the regulation of metabolism in these communities, they may therefore strongly influence community functioning and dynamics. Here, we investigated the low mid‐intertidal Fucus serratus community, measuring in situ carbon fluxes of its primary production and respiration during different seasons. To perform direct comparisons of its underwater and aerial metabolism, these measurements were carried out during immersion and emersion, analyzing the changes in dissolved inorganic carbon and in CO2 concentrations under closed benthic chambers. Our results showed that during both emersion and immersion periods, primary production and respiration varied seasonally with minimum values in winter and maximum values in summer. These values were, on average, 5 and 3.5 times higher when the community was exposed to air than when immersed, due to the large changes that occur in abiotic environmental conditions during the tidal cycle. Primary production fluctuated greatly during immersion and was generally limited by underwater light availability. In contrast, primary production remained high during emersion, partly because canopies limit the water loss of their understory layers. During both tidal periods, community respiration was mainly driven by temperature. Our results suggest that the relatively high metabolism during emersion contributes substantially to the total energy budget of fucoid mid‐intertidal communities, even those that are low on the shore and spend most of their time underwater.
Dynamic behavior of fluid‐structure coupling of hydrostatic spindle under effect of oil film slip
Authors: Chen Dongju , Wang Hao , Gao Xue , Fan Jinwei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo better understand the dynamic characteristics of a hydrostatic spindle in fluid‐structure coupling, the impact of oil film slip on the 4 dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients of the spindle is studied. On the basis of modified Reynolds equation, which considers the microscale velocity slip effect, rotation error of the spindle is calculated. To solve the rotor axis orbit under the existence of eccentric quality, 4 dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients of the oil film, which describe the dynamics of a rotor axis orbit, are calculated by using load increment method and the pressure perturbation method. The research results show that velocity slip caused a certain impact on dynamics of bearing stiffness and damping performance. The experiment of the measuring path of the shaft verifies the correct and effect of the orbit of shaft center model.
Adult executive functioning inventory (ADEXI): Validity, reliability, and relations to ADHD
Authors: Holst Ylva , Thorell Lisa B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study examined the psychometric properties of the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI). This new executive functioning (EF) rating instrument has the advantage of being brief (14 items) and focusing specifically on working memory and inhibitory control. Results showed that scores on the ADEXI had high internal consistency and adequate test–retest reliability, but low concurrence between self‐ratings and other ratings. High and statistically significant correlations were found between ADEXI scores and scores from another EF rating instrument, whereas the correlations between ADEXI scores and neuropsychological test scores were weak and often non‐significant. Furthermore, with regard to discriminant validity, individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had significantly higher scores on both the inhibition and working memory subscales compared to clinical as well as non‐clinical controls. The results showed high specificity, but relatively low sensitivity, when discriminating between adults with ADHD and non‐clinical controls. Conclusively, the ADEXI can be a valuable screening instrument for assessing deficits in working memory and inhibitory control. However, similarly to other EF ratings, the ADEXI should be used as a complement rather than as a replacement for neuropsychological tests, and the low interrater reliability suggests that ratings from multiple sources is preferable compared to relying solely on self‐ratings.
Three‐dimensional ultrashort echo time MRI and Short T2 images generated from subtraction for determination of tumor burden in lung cancer: Preclinical investigation in transgenic mice
Authors: Müller Andreas , Jagoda Philippe , Fries Peter , Gräber Stefan , Bals Robert , Buecker Arno , Jungnickel Christopher , Beisswenger Christoph 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo investigate the potential of 3D ultrashort echo time MRI and short T2 images generated by subtraction for determination of total tumor burden in lung cancer.MethodsAs an animal model of spontaneously developing non–small cell lung cancer, the K‐rasLA1 transgenic mouse was used. Three‐dimensional MR imaging was performed with radial k‐space acquisition and echo times of 20 µs and 1 ms. For investigation of the short T2 component in the recorded signal, subtraction images were generated from these data sets and used for consensus identification of tumors. Next, manual segmentation was performed on all MR images by two independent investigators. MRI data were compared with the results from histologic investigations and among the investigators.ResultsTumor number and total tumor burden from imaging experiments correlated strongly with the results of histologic investigations. Intra‐ and interuser comparison showed highest correlations between the individual measurements for ultra‐short TE MRI.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional MRI protocols facilitate accurate tumor identification in mice harboring lung tumors. Ultrashort TE MRI is the superior imaging strategy when investigating lung tumors of miscellaneous size with 3D MR imaging strategies. Magn Reson Med 79:1052–1060, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Simultaneous measurement of macro‐ and microvascular blood flow and oxygen saturation for quantification of muscle oxygen consumption
Authors: Englund Erin K. , Rodgers Zachary B. , Langham Michael C. , Mohler Emile R. , Floyd Thomas F. , Wehrli Felix W. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo investigate the relationship between blood flow and oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle, a technique called “Velocity and Perfusion, Intravascular Venous Oxygen saturation and
” (vPIVOT) is presented. vPIVOT allows the quantification of feeding artery blood flow velocity, perfusion, draining vein oxygen saturation, and muscle
, all at 4‐s temporal resolution. Together, the measurement of blood flow and oxygen extraction can yield muscle oxygen consumption (
) via the Fick principle.MethodsIn five subjects, vPIVOT‐derived results were compared with those obtained from stand‐alone sequences during separate ischemia‐reperfusion paradigms to investigate the presence of measurement bias. Subsequently, in 10 subjects, vPIVOT was applied to assess muscle hemodynamics and
following a bout of dynamic plantar flexion contractions.ResultsFrom the ischemia‐reperfusion paradigm, no significant differences were observed between data from vPIVOT and comparison sequences. After exercise, the macrovascular flow response reached a maximum 8 ± 3 s after relaxation; however, perfusion in the gastrocnemius muscle continued to rise for 101 ± 53 s. Peak
calculated based on mass‐normalized arterial blood flow or perfusion was 15.2 ± 6.7 mL O2/min/100 g or 6.0 ± 1.9 mL O2/min/100 g, respectively.ConclusionsvPIVOT is a new method to measure blood flow and oxygen saturation, and therefore to quantify muscle oxygen consumption. Magn Reson Med 79:846–855, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.