bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guillain–Barré Syndrome Triggered by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Supakornnumporn Songkit , Katirji Bashar 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, used as immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma and refractory cancer, may trigger autoimmune disorders. We describe a case of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) after the treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab and review 4 other reported cases. We confirmed the diagnosis of GBS by electrodiagnostic and cerebrospinal fluid studies. Electrodiagnostic results showed findings consistent with acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy and cerebrospinal fluid showed albuminocytologic dissociation. All patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin or other immunomodulating therapy. Among 5 cases which include our patient, 2 did well, 1 did not improve, and 2 died of respiratory insufficiency and multiorgan failure. Enhancing T-cell activation from immune checkpoint inhibitors may trigger GBS which should be suspected when progressive weakness and areflexia occur after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
The Fine Wire Technique for Flexor Tenolysis
Authors: Rosenblum Matthew K. , Baltodano Pablo A. , Weinberg Maxene H. , Whipple Lauren A. , Gemmiti Amanda L. , Whipple Richard E. 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Flexor tenolysis surgery for flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis adhesions is a common procedure performed by hand surgeons. Releasing these adhered tendons can greatly improve hand function and improve quality of life. Recent evidence, however, has shown that the outcomes of tenolysis surgeries are often suboptimal and can result in relapsing adhesions or even tendon ruptures.

Methods:
This article describes a new technique with potential for reduced complication rates: The Fine Wire Technique for Flexor Tenolysis (FWT).

Results:
Following FWT, the patient detailed in this article had an excellent recovery of function and no complications: including tendon rupture, infection, hematomas, or any other complications. She reported a major improvement from her preoperative functionality and continues to have this level of success. The wire’s thinness allows for a swift tenolysis.

Conclusions:
The FWT is a new option available to the hand surgeon associated with good functional results. The wire is readily available to the clinician and is also inexpensive.
CITROBACTER ENDOGENOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Wong Daniel H. T. , Liu Candice C. H. , Tong Justin M. K. , Luk Wei-Kwang , Li Kenneth K. W. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
We present a case of endogenous endophthalmitis because of an unusual bacterium, Citrobacter koseri.

Patient:
A 57-year-old woman without previous history of eye surgery or trauma presented with diabetic ketoacidosis and a painful right eye with the reduction of vision. C. koseri was identified in blood culture; thus, a diagnosis of right eye endogenous endophthalmitis was made. Intravenous and intravitreal antibiotics were both started, and vitreous culture further confirmed C. koseri as the causative organism. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a right C-shaped perinephric abscess, which was drained under ultrasound guidance.

Results:
Because of rapid progression to corneal melting, evisceration was performed.

Conclusion:
Cases of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Citrobacter are very limited, and a review of all published cases in the English literature and the present case revealed that endogenous Citrobacter endophthalmitis arose almost entirely from Citrobacter renal infection. Early recognition and drainage of renal abscess may lower the chance of uncontrolled infection and endogenous spread to the eyes. Despite prompt and intensive treatment, the clinical outcome of Citrobacter endogenous endophthalmitis seems to be poor.
Long-term outcome after the acute respiratory distress syndrome: different from general critical illness?
Authors: Bein Thomas , Weber-Carstens Steffen , Apfelbacher Christian 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
To review the current research data on long-term outcome and health-related quality of life in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to compare these findings with those from non-ARDS patients surviving critical illness.

Recent findings
Between 6 months and 2 years after discharge from ICU, survivors of ARDS present with substantial impairments of the levels of body function (muscle strength, walking capacity and/or physical activity (physical SF-36 score). In contrast to non-ARDS patients from surgical ICUs, a standardized intensified physical therapy during early course of illness in ARDS patients could not show an improvement of long-term physical function performance. Furthermore, a substantial part of further ARDS patients suffer from depression (26–33%), anxiety (38–44%) or posttraumatic stress disorder (22–24%). In general, the level of functional autonomy and daily life activities was reduced, and in one study, 6 months after ICU-discharge this level was significantly lower in ARDS patients compared with non-ARDS patients. In a recent study, 44% of ARDS survivors were jobless 1 year after critical illness, whereas half of previously employed patients returned to work within 4 months after hospital discharge. General health-related quality of life was significantly reduced compared with a matched population in all studies.

Summary
Surviving ARDS is associated with a long-term substantial reduction in health-related quality of life and such a reduction does not differ from findings in patients surviving other critical illness. In further research, a special attention should be paid to prevention measures of the ‘post intensive care syndrome’ as well as to patient important domains, which might better explain the patient's and families’ demands.
A Cluster Randomized Evaluation of a Health Department Data to Care Intervention Designed to Increase Engagement in HIV Care and Antiretroviral Use
Authors: Dombrowski Julia C. , Hughes James P. , Buskin Susan E. , Bennett Amy , Katz David , Fleming Mark , Nunez Angela , Golden Matthew R. 
Published: November 2017

Background
Many US health departments have implemented Data to Care interventions, which use HIV surveillance data to identify persons who are inadequately engaged in HIV medical care and assist them with care reengagement, but the effectiveness of this strategy is uncertain.

Methods
We conducted a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized evaluation of a Data to Care intervention in King County, Washington, 2011 to 2014. Persons diagnosed as having HIV for at least 6 months were eligible based on 1 of 2 criteria: (1) viral load (VL) greater than 500 copies/mL and CD4 less than 350 cells/μL at the last report in the past 12 months or (2) no CD4 or VL reported to the health department for at least 12 months. The intervention included medical provider contact, patient contact, and a structured individual interview. Health department staff assisted patients with reengagement using health systems navigation, brief counseling, and referral to support services. We clustered all eligible cases in the county by the last known medical provider and randomized the order of clusters for intervention, creating contemporaneous intervention and control periods (cases in later clusters contributed person-time to the control period at the same time that cases in earlier clusters contributed person-time to the intervention period). We compared the time to viral suppression (VL <200 copies/mL) for individuals during intervention and control periods using a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
We identified 997 persons (intention to treat [ITT]), 18% of whom had moved or died. Of the remaining 822 (modified ITT), 161 (20%) had an undetectable VL reported before contact and 164 (20%) completed the individual interview. The hazard ratio (HR) for time to viral suppression did not differ between the intervention and control periods in ITT (HR, 1.21 [95% confidence interval, 0.85–1.71]) or modified ITT (HR, 1.18 [95% confidence interval, 0.83–1.68]) analysis.

Conclusions
The Data to Care intervention did not impact time to viral suppression.
A Population-Based Study to Compare Treatment Outcomes Among Women With Urogenital Chlamydial Infection in Washington State, 1992 to 2015
Authors: Khosropour Christine M. , Bell Teal R. , Hughes James P. , Manhart Lisa E. , Golden Matthew R. 
Published: November 2017

Background
United States guidelines recommend azithromycin or doxycycline for chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT]) treatment. These therapies are similarly efficacious for urogenital infections when outcomes are measured 7 to 42 days after treatment, although doxycycline may be superior for rectal infections. Some investigators have suggested that persistent rectal infections may lead to autoinfection of the urogenital tract, potentially resulting in higher rates of recurrent infection in azithromycin-treated women.

Methods
We used Washington State surveillance data to identify women 14 years or older with urogenital CT (1992–2015) treated with azithromycin or doxycycline. We defined persistent/recurrent CT as a repeat positive CT test result 14 to 180 days after treatment of the initial infection. We used log binomial regression to estimate the adjusted relative risk (aRR) of persistent/recurrent infection associated with treatment with azithromycin versus doxycycline.

Results
From 1992 to 2015, there were 268,596 reported cases of urogenital CT, including 168,301 (63%) who received azithromycin and 66,432 (25%) who received doxycycline. The risk of persistent/recurrent urogenital CT was 6.7% and 4.7% in azithromycin- and doxycycline-treated cases, respectively (P < 0.001). Adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, year, pregnancy status, jurisdiction reporting, reason for examination, and gonorrhea coinfection, azithromycin-treated women were significantly more likely to have persistent/recurrent urogenital CT than doxycycline-treated women (aRR, 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–1.30). Adjusting the retesting window to 21 to 180 days (aRR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.19–1.30) and 28 to 180 days (aRR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.19–1.30) did not alter our primary findings.

Conclusions
Persistent/recurrent urogenital CT may be more common among women treated with azithromycin than with doxycycline. The reason for this difference is uncertain and is an important area of future investigation.
Leading Causes of Anesthesia-Related Liability Claims in Ambulatory Surgery Centers
Authors: Ranum Darrell , Beverly Anair , Shapiro Fred E. , Urman Richard D. 
Published: November 2017

Objective
We present a contemporary analysis of patient injury, allegations, and contributing factors of anesthesia-related closed claims, which involved cases that specifically occurred in free-standing ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs).

Methods
We examined ASC-closed claims data between 2007 and 2014 from The Doctors Company, a medical malpractice insurer. Findings were coded using the Comprehensive Risk Intelligence Tool developed by CRICO Strategies. We compared coded data from ASC claims with hospital operating room (HOR) claims, in terms of injury severity category, nature of injury, nature of allegation, contributing factors identified, and contributing comorbidities and claim value.

Results
Ambulatory surgery center claims were more likely to be classified as medium severity than HOR claims, more likely to involve dental damage or pain than HOR claims, but less likely to involve death or respiratory or cardiac arrest. Technical performance was the most common contributing factor: 47% of ASCs and 48% of HORs. Only 7% of allegations relating to technical performance were judged to be a direct result of poor technical performance. The most common anesthesia procedures resulting in ASC claims were injection of anesthesia into a peripheral nerve (34%) and intubation (29%). Obesity was the most common contributing comorbidity in both settings. Mean closed claim value was significantly lower for ASC than HOR claims, averaging US $87,888 versus $107,325.

Conclusions
Analysis of ASC and HOR claims demonstrates significant differences and several common sources of liability. These include improving strategies for thorough screening, preoperative assessment and risk stratifying of patients, incorporating routine dental and airway assessment and documentation, diagnosing and treating perioperative pain adequately, and improving the efficacy of communication between patients and care providers.
Patient Safety Activity Under the Social Insurance Medical Fee Schedule in Japan: An Overview of the 2010 Nationwide Survey
Authors: Hirose Masahiro , Kawamura Toshihiko , Igawa Mikio , Imanaka Yuichi 
Published: November 2017

Objectives
Little is known about patient safety performance under the social insurance medical fee schedule in Japan. The Health Ministry in Japan introduced the preferential patient safety countermeasure fee (PPSCF) to promote patient safety in 2006 and revised the PPSCF system in 2010. This study aims to address the patient safety performance status at hospitals implementing the PPSCF.

Methods
A nationwide questionnaire survey targeting 2674 hospitals with the PPSCF was performed in 2010 to 2011. The 627 participant hospitals were divided into the following three groups: 178 hospitals implementing PPSCF 1 with 400 beds or more (group A), 286 hospitals implementing PPSCF 1 with 399 beds or fewer (group B), and 163 hospitals implementing PPSCF 2 (group C).

Results
The mean numbers (standard errors) of patient safety managers were 1.45 (0.07) in group A, 1.12 (0.04) in group B, and 0.37 (0.12) in group C (P < 0.001). The participation number and rates of all staff for the patient safety seminar were 1721 (167) and 1.64 (0.10) in group A, 580 (26) and 1.94 (0.09) in group B, and 349 (31) and 1.98 (0.17) in group C (P < 0.001, P = 0.105).
These results can be explained because hospitals with PPSCF 1 (groups A and B) must assign at least one full-time patient safety manager, whereas hospitals with PPSCF 2 (group C) are not required to do so. Patient safety performance at hospitals with PPSCF 1 was more active than that at hospitals with PPSCF 2. However, when the values were converted to per capita or per 100 beds, there were no differences across the three groups.

Conclusions
The PPSCF encourages hospitals to perform actions for patient safety by providing incentives under the social insurance medical fee schedule in Japan.
Temporary agency workers stepping into a permanent position: social skills matter
Authors: Galais Nathalie , Moser Klaus 
Published: November 2017

PurposeTemporary agency work (TAW) has increased enormously in recent decades. Most temporary agency workers are pushed involuntarily into this work arrangement and prefer permanent work arrangements. Therefore, the motive to find a permanent job through TAW is predominant for the majority of temporary agency workers. However, little is known about what helps in obtaining a permanent job in a client organization. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of social skills by simultaneously considering the human capital aspects and motivational background of the individuals for transition success.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a questionnaire study of 151 temporary agency workers with two measurement points. The questionnaires were first administered at the very beginning of their work as a temp and again five months later.FindingsThe findings show that the social skills of temporary agency workers in contrast to various aspects of human capital and motives for temping had a significant impact on becoming a permanent worker in a client organization.Research limitations/implicationsThe generalizability of the finding that social skills help temporary agency workers to find a permanent job in a client organization may be restricted due to the particularities of the work setting in the clerical sector. The incidences as well as the determinants of transition success may depend on the industry sector because of the respective assignment characteristics as well as the clients’ reasons of using temporary agency workers. Future research should investigate more thoroughly the role of assignment characteristics for the experiences of the workers.Practical implicationsSocial skills seem to play a crucial role for transition success in TAW. Qualification measures should therefore include the training of interpersonal behavior. It would be desirable when the involved organizations would assume responsibility in this respect. Furthermore, policy makers should provide adequate training formats since they promote TAW as a stepping stone opportunity for unemployed people.Originality/valueThis paper suggests that career mobility in the context of flexible work arrangements may be driven by more informal processes of social integration into the existing permanent team. While TAW is seen as a temporary solution in Germany, this study focuses on the individual determinants of transition success of temporary agency workers that is still rare in studies on the topic.
How effective are disability sensitization workshops?
Authors: Kulkarni Mukta , Gopakumar K.V. , Patel Shivani 
Published: November 2017

PurposeOrganizations are increasingly investing in disability-specific sensitization workshops. Yet, there is limited understanding about their hoped outcomes, that is, increased knowledge about disability-related issues and behavioral changes with respect to those with a disability. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness and boundaries of disability-specific sensitization training in organizations.Design/methodology/approachThis is an interview-based study where 33 employees from five industries across India were interviewed over the span of a year.FindingsThe findings suggest that sensitization workshops are successful with regard to awareness generation. Paradoxically, the same awareness also reinforced group boundaries through “othering.” Further, workshops resonated more so with individuals who already had some prior experience with disability, implying that voluntary sensitization is likely attracting those who have the least need of such sensitization. The findings also suggest that non-mandated interventions may not necessarily influence organizational level outcomes, especially if workshops are conducted in isolation from a broader organizational culture of inclusion.Originality/valueThe present study helps outline effects of sensitization training initiatives and enhances our understanding about how negative attitudes toward persons with a disability can be overcome. The study also indicates how such training initiatives may inadvertently lead to “othering.” Finally, this study offers suggestions to human resource managers for designing impactful disability sensitization workshops.
Expanding social actor-based explanations in labour market dualisation research
Authors: Pulignano Valeria , Doerflinger Nadja 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute conceptually to debate on labour market dualisation by proposing a macro-micro and micro-macro (or macro-micro-macro) analytical approach to integrate actor-based explanations in the study of labour market dualisation.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a conceptual paper emphasising the need to combine qualitative and quantitative data and methods in studying the nature and incidence of labour market dualisation.

Findings
To study social divides – as a manifestation of labour market dualisation and, more generally, fragmentation – macro-micro and micro-macro (i.e. macro-micro-macro) relationships need to be established as part of an analytical approach to studying dualisation. This implies considering macro-level institutional and regulatory as well as micro-level workplace and organisational settings as factors in any analysis and interpretation of the determinants of labour market dualisation, i.e. integrating the dynamics of power and strategy as determinants of dualisation, fragmentation and more generally precariousness.

Originality/value
The paper points to the need to expand actor-based explanations within the labour market dualisation debate, which remains overly institutionalist in its approach. The authors propose a micro-macro-micro analytical approach as the way to systematise the study of concurrent macro-micro and micro-macro relationships shaping social divides in labour markets.
Correlates for the risk of specialist ID hospital admission for people with intellectual disabilities: development of the LDNAT inpatient index
Authors: Painter Jon , Ingham Barry , Trevithick Liam , Hastings Richard P. , Roy Ashok 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse ratings data from the recently developed Learning Disability Needs Assessment Tool (LDNAT) to identify factors associated with specialist intellectual disability (ID) hospital admissions.

Design/methodology/approach
Ratings from 1,692 individuals were analysed and the LDNAT items differing significantly between inpatients and non-inpatients were identified. Statistical analyses on total scores derived from these items were used to calculate an optimal cut-off. This LDNAT inpatient index score was also confirmed via an alternative statistical technique.

Findings
On average, 18 of the 23 LDNAT item ratings were significantly higher in people with ID assessed as inpatients compared to those rated in community settings. Using the total of these items, the resulting LDNAT inpatient index was analysed. A cut-off score of 22.5 was calculated to be the optimal balance between sensitivity (0.833) and specificity (0.750). This was confirmed by calculating the Youden index (j=0.583). At this level 68 per cent of inpatients and 81 per cent of non-inpatient cases were correctly identified.

Practical implications
Currently there is a national (UK) programme to radically reduce the amount of specialist inpatient care for people ID. This will necessitate early identification of individuals most at risk of admission together with investment in improved, proactive community services if admissions to a diminishing bed-base are to remain manageable.

Originality/value
This study confirms the associations between mental health difficulties, challenging behaviour and specialist hospital admissions for people with ID, extending existing research by translating these findings into a clinically usable risk index.