bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter‐layer per‐mobile optimization of cloud mobile computing: a message‐passing approach
Authors: Khalili Shahrouz , Simeone Osvaldo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCloud mobile computing enables the offloading of computation‐intensive applications from a mobile device to a cloud processor via a wireless interface. In light of the strong interplay between offloading decisions at the application‐layer and physical‐layer parameters, which determine the energy and latency associated with the mobile‐cloud communication, this paper investigates the inter‐layer optimization of fine‐grained task offloading across both layers. In prior art, this problem was formulated, under a serial implementation of processing and communication, as a mixed integer program, entailing a complexity that is exponential in the number of tasks. In this work, instead, algorithmic solutions are proposed that leverage the structure of the call graphs of typical applications by means of message passing on the call graph, under both serial and parallel implementations of processing and communication. For call trees, the proposed solutions have a linear complexity in the number of tasks, and efficient extensions are presented for more general call graphs that include ‘map’‐type and ‘reduce’‐type tasks. Moreover, the proposed schemes are optimal for the serial implementation and provide principled heuristics for the parallel implementation. Extensive numerical results yield insights into the impact of inter‐layer optimization and on the comparison of the two implementations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topologieoptimierung in der Geotechnik: Anwendung auf Gründungsstrukturen und Validierung
Authors: Seitz Karlotta‐Franziska , Pucker Tim , Grabe Jürgen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Anwendung von Strukturoptimierung im Bereich der Geotechnik wird in diesem Artikel vorgestellt. Der generelle strukturelle Aufbau (Topologie) eines Streifenfundaments wird hinsichtlich des Verformungsverhaltens optimiert. Zur Topologieoptimierung wird die Solid‐Isotropic‐Material‐with‐Penalization‐(SIMP)‐Methode angewendet. In diesem Artikel wird dafür eine Finite‐Elemente‐Analyse mit einem entsprechendem Optimierungsalgorithmus gekoppelt. Für die FE‐Analyse wird ein hypoplastisches Stoffmodell zur Modellierung von Materialübergängen angewendet. Untersucht werden vier ebene Lastfälle. In einer anschließenden Validierung mit physikalischen 1‐g‐Modellversuchen werden nachgebildete optimierte Gründungsstrukturen belastet und mit alternativen volumengleichen Fundamenten hinsichtlich ihres Last‐Verformungs‐Verhaltens verglichen. Die präsentierte Untersuchung zeigt sowohl die Anwendbarkeit als auch das Potenzial der Topologieoptimierung in der Geotechnik.Topology optimization in geotechnical engineering: application to foundations and validation. This article presents the application of structural optimization in geotechnical engineering. The general design (topology) of a foundation strip is optimized with respect to its deformation behaviour within the service limit state. The SIMP‐method is applied for the topology optimization. Hence, a finite element analysis with Abaqus is combined with an adequate optimization algorithm. A hypoplastic constitutive model for modeling material transitions is used for finite element analysis. Four load cases will be examined. The optimized topology design will be reproduced for the following validation with 1 g physical models. A comparison of the load deformation behavior with non optimized foundations with equal volume is carried out. The presented study shows the applicability and potential of topology optimization in geotechnical engineering.
Auswertung von Setzungsmessungen an Brückenbauwerken am Berliner Ring
Authors: Schüßler Maik 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSeit 1996 wurden sieben Autobahndreiecke am Berliner Ring umgestaltet. Hierzu erfolgte der Neubau von Großbrücken mit Gesamtlängen bis 200 m. Die Gründung der Pfeiler und Widerlager wurde ausnahmslos als Flachgründung ausgeführt. Nach DIN 4019 sind für Setzungsberechnungen vorzugsweise Rechenmoduln E* durch Rückrechnung von Setzungsbeobachtungen zu gewinnen. Die an den Bauwerken ausgeführten Setzungsmessungen wurden ausgewertet. Mit den vorliegenden Messergebnissen konnten durch Rückrechnung für Sand und Geschiebemergel Rechenmoduln E* ermittelt werden. Durch Vergleichsrechnungen fanden diese Bestätigung und können für zukünftige Setzungsprognosen an Brückenbauwerken in gleichartigen Böden Verwendung finden.Evaluation of settlement measurements at bridge constructions along highway Berliner Ring. Seven highway interchanges along highway A 10 Berliner Ring have been reconstructed since 1996. Large new bridges with length of up to 200 m were built in the frame of that projects. The foundations of the piers and abutments are designed and constructed as shallow foundations on sand and boulder clay. Settlement prediction was done by means of back calculated modulus of elasticity E* based on measured settlements. The main project details, subsoil conditions and results from measurements as well as back calculations are presented in the paper. The results are shown to be in good agreement and can be used for settlement prediction of shallow foundations on similar subsoil conditions.
Natural Language Processing in Accounting, Auditing and Finance: A Synthesis of the Literature with a Roadmap for Future Research
Authors: Fisher Ingrid E. , Garnsey Margaret R. , Hughes Mark E. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryNatural language processing (NLP) is a part of the artificial intelligence domain focused on communication between humans and computers. NLP attempts to address the inherent problem that while human communications are often ambiguous and imprecise, computers require unambiguous and precise messages to enable understanding. The accounting, auditing and finance domains frequently put forth textual documents intended to communicate a wide variety of messages, including, but not limited to, corporate financial performance, management's assessment of current and future firm performance, analysts’ assessments of firm performance, domain standards and regulations as well as evidence of compliance with relevant standards and regulations. NLP applications have been used to mine these documents to obtain insights, make inferences and to create additional methodologies and artefacts to advance knowledge in accounting, auditing and finance. This paper synthesizes the extant literature in NLP in accounting, auditing and finance to establish the state of current knowledge and to identify paths for future research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteoblast Malfunction Caused by Cell Stress Response to Procollagen Misfolding in α2(I)-G610C Mouse Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Mirigian Lynn S , Makareeva Elena , Mertz Edward L , Omari Shakib , Roberts-Pilgrim Anna M , Oestreich Arin K , Phillips Charlotte L , Leikin Sergey 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Glycine (Gly) substitutions in collagen Gly-X-Y repeats disrupt folding of type I procollagen triple helix and cause severe bone fragility and malformations (osteogenesis imperfecta [OI]). However, these mutations do not elicit the expected endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, in contrast to other protein-folding diseases. Thus, it has remained unclear whether cell stress and osteoblast malfunction contribute to the bone pathology caused by Gly substitutions. Here we used a mouse with a Gly610 to cysteine (Cys) substitution in the procollagen α2(I) chain to show that misfolded procollagen accumulation in the ER leads to an unusual form of cell stress, which is neither a conventional unfolded protein response (UPR) nor ER overload. Despite pronounced ER dilation, there is no upregulation of binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP) expected in the UPR and no activation of NF-κB signaling expected in the ER overload. Altered expression of ER chaperones αB crystalline and HSP47, phosphorylation of EIF2α, activation of autophagy, upregulation of general stress response protein CHOP, and osteoblast malfunction reveal some other adaptive response to the ER disruption. We show how this response alters differentiation and function of osteoblasts in culture and in vivo. We demonstrate that bone matrix deposition by cultured osteoblasts is rescued by activation of misfolded procollagen autophagy, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for OI. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Assumptions beyond the science: encouraging cautious conclusions about functional magnetic resonance imaging research on organizational behavior
Authors: Niven Karen , Boorman Luke 
Published: March 2016

SummaryFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is likely to become the major tool for studying the neural underpinnings of organizational behavior. It is a technique for brain imaging that, according to advocates, provides information about which areas of the brain are activated during organizational processes (e.g., leadership and decision‐making). In this article, we take a critical look at this tool from a technical perspective. In particular, we take the reader through the assumptions that must be made at the three main steps of the research process (study design, data capture, and interpretation of results) in order to draw conclusions about organizational phenomena from fMRI research. Applying this analysis to three case studies demonstrates the gap between what fMRI can actually tell us and the claims often made about the contribution of fMRI to understanding and improving organizational behavior. Our discussion provides researchers with a series of recommendations oriented toward optimizing the use of fMRI to help it live up to its potential in the field of organizational behavior and consumers with a means of evaluating fMRI research in order to draw appropriate and warranted conclusions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specification of a new de‐stoner machine: evaluation of machining effects on olive paste's rheology and olive oil yield and quality
Authors: Romaniello Roberto , Leone Alessandro , Tamborrino Antonia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn industrial prototype of a partial de‐stoner machine was specified, built and implemented in an industrial olive oil extraction plant. The partial de‐stoner machine was compared to the traditional mechanical crusher to assess its quantitative and qualitative performance. The extraction efficiency of the olive oil extraction plant, olive oil quality, sensory evaluation and rheological aspects were investigated.RESULTSThe results indicate that by using the partial de‐stoner machine the extraction plant did not show statistical differences with respect to the traditional mechanical crushing. Moreover, the partial de‐stoner machine allowed recovery of 60% of olive pits and the oils obtained were characterised by more marked green fruitiness, flavour and aroma than the oils produced using the traditional processing systems.CONCLUSIONThe partial de‐stoner machine removes the limitations of the traditional total de‐stoner machine, opening new frontiers for the recovery of pits to be used as biomass. Moreover, the partial de‐stoner machine permitted a significant reduction in the viscosity of the olive paste. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Over‐expression of (1,3;1,4)‐β‐D‐glucanase isoenzyme EII gene results in decreased (1,3;1,4)‐β‐D‐glucan content and increased starch level in barley grains
Authors: Han Ning , Na Chenglong , Chai Yuqiong , Chen Jianshu , Zhang Zhongbo , Bai Bin , Bian Hongwu , Zhang Yuhong , Zhu Muyuan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh content of (1,3;1,4)‐β‐d‐glucan in barley grains is regarded as an undesirable factor affecting malting potential, brewing yield and feed utilization. Production of thermostable bacterial (1,3;1,4)‐β‐glucanase in transgenic barley grain or supplementation of exogenous bacterial (1,3;1,4)‐β‐glucanase has been used to improve malt and feed quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of over‐expression of an endogenous (1,3;1,4)‐β‐glucanase on β‐glucan content and grain composition in barley.RESULTSA construct containing full‐length HvGlb2 cDNA encoding barley (1,3;1,4)‐β‐glucanase isoenzyme EII under the control of a promoter of barley D‐Hordein gene Hor3‐1 was introduced into barley cultivar Golden Promise via Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation, and transgenic plants were regenerated after hygromycin selection. The T2 generation of proHor3:HvGlb2 transgenic lines showed increased activity of (1,3;1,4)‐β‐glucanase in grains. Total β‐glucan content was reduced by more than 95.73% in transgenic grains compared with the wild‐type control. Meanwhile, over‐expression of (1,3;1,4)‐β‐glucanase led to an increase in 1000‐grain weight, which might be due to elevated amounts of starch in the grain.CONCLUSIONManipulating the expression of (1,3;1,4)‐β‐glucanase EII can control the β‐glucan content in grain with no apparent harmful effects on grain quality of transgenic plants. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The open access movement at a crossroad: Are the big publishers and academic social media taking over?
Authors: Björk Bo‐Christer 
Published: March 2016

Key points

Traditionally, open access (OA) has been growing via two routes: full OA journals (gold) and open self‐archiving of manuscripts (green).
Gold OA is dominated by new OA publishers (charging APCs) and society/university journals that do not.
Major commercial and society publishers are increasingly moving into the APC‐funded OA market.
The proliferation of big national or consortium‐level e‐licences bundling subscription and APCs for hybrid OA may lead to large‐scale flipping of journals to OA.
Authors appear to be choosing social networks over repositories for ‘green’ OA sharing of articles.
Targeting α‐synuclein: Therapeutic options
Authors: Dehay Benjamin , Decressac Mickael , Bourdenx Mathieu , Guadagnino Irene , Fernagut Pierre‐Olivier , Tamburrino Anna , Bassil Fares , Meissner Wassilios G. , Bezard Erwan 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe discovery of the central role of α‐synuclein (αSyn) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has powered, in the last decade, the emergence of novel relevant models of this condition based on viral vector‐mediated expression of the disease‐causing protein or inoculation of toxic species of αSyn. Although the development of these powerful tools and models has provided considerable insights into the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD, it has also been translated into the expansion of the landscape of preclinical therapeutic strategies. Much attention is now brought to the proteotoxic mechanisms induced by αSyn and how to block them using strategies inspired by intrinsic cellular pathways such as the enhancement of cellular clearance by the lysosomal‐autophagic system, through proteasome‐mediated degradation or through immunization. The important effort undertaken by several laboratories and consortia to tackle these issues and identify novel targets warrants great promise for the discovery not only of neuroprotective approaches but also of restorative strategies for PD and other synucleinopathies. In this viewpoint, we summarize the latest advances in this new area of PD research and will discuss promising approaches and ongoing challenges. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
On holonomic mathematical F ‐ pendulum
Authors: Buslaev Alexander P. , Yashina Marina V. 
Published: March 2016

A discrete dynamical system named real ‐ valued pendulum is presented in the paper. The system is developed for modeling of particles relocations on abstract graph with formalized rules of behavior (competition for space) and movement plans logistics. Logistics is given in a formal statement by the real numbers of the unit closed interval, presented in calculus with base equals to the graph power N.The central question is to study the behavior of the pendulum depending on its architecture.In the previous papers, with investigation of logistic pendulum, we have studied chaotic pendulum, where the particle plan for “tomorrow” is played “today”. A particular case of logistic pendulum, such that particle plans are time shifts of N−ary digital representation of single generating number, is called phase pendulum.In this paper, we are considering a dynamical system with generation of particles plans using a some mapping F, defined on the set of system states. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatic Strategy for the Resolution of New 1‐Hydroxymethyl Tetrahydro‐β‐carboline Derivatives in Batch and Continuous‐Flow Systems
Authors: Megyesi Rita , Forró Enikő , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMany alkaloids containing a tetrahydro‐β‐carboline skeleton have well‐known therapeutic effects, leading to increased interest in the synthesis of these natural products. Enantiomers of N‐Boc‐protected 1‐hydroxymethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline [(±)‐7], 1‐hydroxymethyl‐6‐methoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline [(±)‐8], and 1‐hydroxymethyl‐6‐fluoro‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline [(±)‐9] were prepared through enzymecatalyzed asymmetric acylation of their primary hydroxyl group. The preliminary experiments were performed in a continuous‐flow system, while the preparative‐scale resolutions were done as batch reactions. Excellent enantioselectivities (E>200) were obtained with Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL‐B) and acetic anhydride in toluene at 60 °C. The recovered alcohols and the produced esters were obtained with high enantiomeric excess values (ee≥96 %). The O‐acylated enantiomers [(S)‐10–(S)‐12)] were transformed into the corresponding amino alcohols [(S)‐7–(S)‐9)] with methanolysis. Microwave‐assisted Boc removals were also performed and resulted in the corresponding compounds (R)‐4–(R)‐6 and (S)‐4–(S)‐6 without a drop in the enantiomeric excess values (ee≥96 %).
Development of a surrogate matrix for cerebral spinal fluid for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry based analytical methods
Authors: Hooshfar Shirin , Basiri Babak , Bartlett Michael G. 
Published: March 2016

RationaleIn recent years, several liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) methods have been reported for the quantitative determination of drugs and metabolites in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Artificial CSF (aCSF) is often used as a surrogate for preparing calibration curves and quality control samples in these methods. However, aCSF does not accurately represent the composition of real CSF because it is missing all of the proteins and lipids, which may alter the electrospray ionization (ESI) response when performing LC/MS/MS analyses. In the current study we compared the mass spectral response of several compounds with a range of physiochemical properties in aCSF (essentially a mixture of salts and buffers), diluted plasma (ranging from 1:5 to 1:200) and real CSF to find the best surrogate for CSF in LC/MS/MS methods.MethodsA number of analytes from polar to non‐polar, high protein binding to low protein binding, employing different sample preparation methods, were prepared in diluted plasma, actual CSF or aCSF and tested using LC/MS/MS. The analytes included cotinine and its metabolites, quetiapine, norquetiapine, chlorpromazine, efavirenz and lamivudine. The similarity of MS responses from these compounds in aCSF and diluted plasma to CSF was assessed by comparing the slopes of the calibration curves generated from using linear regression modeling.ResultsFor all compounds, the lowest percent difference in response ratio (0 to 17%) was observed from 1:200 diluted plasma. Our results indicated that, irrespective of the inherent physiochemical properties of the analytes or the method of sample preparation, 1:200 diluted plasma performed as the best surrogate for CSF in LC/MS/MS methods.ConclusionsThe percent difference in response ratio has been established to demonstrate how different compounds behave between CSF, aCSF and dilute plasma. Although among the compounds tested some of them showed a very similar MS response in actual and aCSF, there were analytes that demonstrated significant differences in ESI‐MS signal when sprayed from these two matrices. However, even in such cases, 1:200 diluted plasma generated results with no significant difference from CSF. Therefore, we recommend that in order to develop robust and dependable bioanalytical LC/MS methods from CSF samples, it is more appropriate to prepare calibration curves and quality control samples in diluted plasma instead of aCSF. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S‐ and N‐linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran and identification of P450 enzymes mediating their formation
Authors: Lassila Toni , Mattila Sampo , Turpeinen Miia , Pelkonen Olavi , Tolonen Ari 
Published: March 2016

RationaleMenthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. It is bioactivated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to reactive metabolites, which may further react with glutathione to form S‐linked and N‐linked conjugates. The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N‐linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S‐linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS‐based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates.Methods(R)‐(+)‐Pulegone, (S)‐(–)‐pulegone, and menthofuran were incubated with a human liver S9 fraction with glutathione (GSH) as the trapping agent. Conjugates were searched with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS and their MS/MS spectra were measured both in the negative and positive ionization polarities. Menthofuran was also incubated with recombinant human CYP enzymes and GSH to elucidate the CYPs responsible for the formation of the reactive metabolites.ResultsFour GSH conjugates of menthofuran were detected and identified as S‐ and N‐linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra. N‐linked conjugates lacked the characteristic fragments of S‐linked conjugates and commonly produced fragments that retained parts of glutamic acid. CYP1A2, 2B6 and 3A4 were observed to produce more GSH conjugates than other CYP isoforms.ConlusionsFurans can form reactive aldehydes that react in Schiff‐base fashion with the free glutamyl‐amine of GSH to form N‐linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S‐linked adducts. This should be taken into account when setting up LC/MS/MS‐based detection of glutathione conjugates to screen for reactive metabolites, at least for compounds with a furan moiety. Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.