bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Institutional Intervention on Price Transmissions: The Case of the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange
Authors: Gelaw Fekadu , Speelman Stijn , van Huylenbroeck Guido 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn the aftermath of the market liberalization reforms, interventions in developing countries shifted toward building institutions. One of such interventions is the introduction of commodity exchanges. The theoretical justification is that commoditization reduces the high transaction costs associated with the information and enforcement problems characterizing agricultural markets of these countries. However it is not known whether these potential gains are transmitted to the various markets along a value chain. By taking the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX) as a case, this paper examines the impacts of the introduction of the commodity exchange in transmitting price signals along the coffee value chain (world‐export‐auction‐producer prices). We found that both the speed and symmetry of transmission remains weak even after the launch of ECX. At each level, the market chain was found to favor buyers. This implies that not only the country's gains from export are sub‐optimal, the cumulative burden is on the millions of smallholder farmers who are located at the bottom of the chain. In a context where local agricultural markets remain traditional and export markets barely competitive, the introduction of the commodity exchange will have limited impacts in improving the performance of markets in transmitting price signals. Other policy measures to further liberalize both local and export markets are required.
Immunoregulation of Inflammatory and Inhibitory Cytokines by VitaminD3 in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Alhassan Mohammed H. , Mirshafiey A. , Vahedi H. , Hemmasi G. , Moussavi Nasl Khameneh A. , Parastouei K. , Saboor‐Yaraghi A. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of idiopathic, chronic and relapsing inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, caused by an aberrant and exaggerated immunological response in the gut. Supplementation of vitaminD3 in patients withIBDexerts both direct and indirect regulatory roles on the naïve T cells, thereby maintaining a balance betweeninflammatory and inhibitory cytokines. The direct actions of vitaminD3 on naïve T cells result in the proliferation of more regulatory T cells and inhibitory cytokines such asIL‐4,IL‐10 andIL‐5. The binding of vitamin D to dendritic cells (DCs) through vitamin D receptors inhibits the action ofIL‐12 on DCs, resulting in the downregulation of Th1 and Th17. On the other hand, this interaction favours Th2 and Treg upregulation and facilitates the maintenance of immune homoeostasis betweeninflammatory and inhibitory cytokineswhich is essentially significant in the management of patients withIBD. The aim of this review was to explore the current and mounting scientific evidence on the roles of vitamin D3 inimmunoregulation of inflammatory and inhibitory cytokinesin patients withIBDs. An extensive literature search was conducted using keywords such as Vitamin D3*,IBD*, inflammatory cytokines*, inhibitory cytokines*, naïve‐T‐cells* and antigen presenting cells* through PubMed,SCOPUSandMEDLINEsearch engines. The results of the accumulated bodies of research that have been conducted demonstrate that vitamin D3 plays a major role not only in the immunoregulation of cytokines involved in the pathogenesis ofIBDs but also in many other inflammatory disorders.
Bayesian Single Changepoint Estimation in a Parameter‐driven Model
Authors: Utazi Chigozie E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the problem of estimating a single changepoint in a parameter‐driven model. The model – an extension of the Poisson regression model – accounts for serial correlation through a latent process incorporated in its mean function. Emphasis is placed on the changepoint characterization with changes in the parameters of the model. The model is fully implemented within the Bayesian framework. We develop a RJMCMC algorithm for parameter estimation and model determination. The algorithm embeds well‐devised Metropolis–Hastings procedures for estimating the missing values of the latent process through data augmentation and the changepoint. The methodology is illustrated using data on monthly counts of claimants collecting wage loss benefit for injuries in the workplace and an analysis of presidential uses of force in the USA.
A Formal Typology of Reflexives
Authors: Déchaine Rose‐Marie , Wiltschko Martina 
Published: March 2017

AbstractStarting with the observation that reflexives do not form a homogenous class, we develop a formal typology for reflexives. In particular, on the basis of data from English (Germanic), French (Romance), Shona (Bantu), Plains Cree (Algonquian), and Halkomelem (Salish), we argue for the existence of (at least) five categorically distinct reflexive forms: D‐reflexives, φ‐reflexives, Class‐reflexives, n‐reflexives, and N‐reflexives. We present the following arguments in support of this typology: (i) reflexive forms differ in their syntactic distribution; (ii) reflexive forms differ in the syntactic parallelism they exhibit; (iii) reflexive forms differ in the patterns of multi‐functionality they exhibit; (iv) reflexive forms differ in their syntactic integration into the clause; (v) reflexive forms differ in their semantic mode of composition. The analysis that we develop is couched within the Interface Syntax model of Wiltschko & Déchaine (2010), according to which sound‐meaning bundles freely associate with a universally defined syntactic spine.
Branched I antigens on leukemia cells enhanced sensitivity against natural killer–cell cytotoxicity through affecting the target–effector interaction
Authors: Lee Yen‐Hua , Liao Yi‐Jen , Huang Chin‐Han , Chang Fu‐Ling , Fan Ting‐Hsi , Twu Yuh‐Ching 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDThe aberrant glycosylation on proteins and lipids has been implicated in malignant transformations for promoting the tumorigenesis, metastasis, and evasion from the host immunity. The I‐branching β‐1,6‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase, converting the straight i to branched I histo‐blood group antigens, reportedly could influence the migration, invasion, and metastasis of solid tumors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe first chose the highly cytotoxic natural killer (NK)‐92MI cells as effector against leukemia for this cell line has been used in several clinical trials. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and nonradioactive cytotoxicity assay were performed to reexamine the role of NK‐activating receptors, their corresponding ligands, and the tumor‐associated carbohydrate antigens in this NK‐92MI‐leukemia in vitro system. The I role on cytotoxic mechanism was further studied especially on the effector–target interactions by cytotoxic analysis and conjugate formation assay.RESULTSWe showed that expression levels of leukemia surface ligands for NK‐activating receptors did not positively reflect susceptibility to NK‐92MI. Instead, the expression of I antigen on the leukemia cells was found important in mediating the susceptibility to NK targeting by affecting the interaction with effector cells. Furthermore, susceptibility was shown to dramatically increase while overexpressing branched I antigens on the I– cells. By both conjugate and cytotoxicity assay, we revealed that the presence of I antigen on leukemia cells enhanced the interaction with NK‐92MI cells, increasing susceptibility to cell‐mediated lysis.CONCLUSIONIn our system, branched I antigens on the leukemia were involved in the immunosurveillance mediated by NK cells specifically through affecting the effector–target interaction.
Mycoplasma infection of the middle ear in three cats
Authors: Ackermann Amanda L. , Lenz Jennifer Ann , May Elizabeth R. , Frank Linda A. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundMycoplasmaspp. are commensal organisms found in association with the mucus membranes of all mammalian species and are implicated in bacterial infections of many different locations.Mycoplasmaspp. as a primary pathogen associated with otitis media in cats has not been reported.ObjectivesTo describe three cats withMycoplasmainfection of the middle ear associated with various underlying disease processes.AnimalsThree client‐owned cats.MethodsClinical examination, aerobic culture of the middle ear and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the skull.ResultsMycoplasmaspp. were grown on aerobic culture from the middle ear of three cats. In Case 1, concurrent neoplasia of the bulla was identified.Mycoplasmaalone was cultured in Case 2 andMycoplasmawas grown in addition toBordetellain Case 3. Case 1 was euthanized, Case 2 responded toMycoplasmatargeted therapy and Case 3 responded toBordetellatargeted therapy.Conclusions and clinical importanceMycoplasmainfections of the middle ear may be clinically important and require targeted treatment in some cases.
Evaluating the Performance and Accuracy of Incident Rate Forecasting
Methods for Mining Operations
Authors: York Jason C. , Gernand Jeremy M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The potential benefits of a safety program are generally only realized after an incident has occurred. Resource allocation in an organization's safety program has the imperative task of balancing costs and often unrealized benefits. Management can be wary to allocate additional resources to a safety program because it is difficult to estimate the return on investment, especially since the returns are a set of negative outcomes not manifested. One way that safety professionals can provide an estimate of potential return on investment is to forecast how the organizations incident rate can be affected by implementing different resource allocation strategies and what the expected incident rate would have been without intervention. This study evaluates forecasting methods used to predict incidents against one another against a common definition of performance accuracy to identify the method that would be the most applicable to use as part of a safety resource allocation model. By identifying the most accurate forecasting method, the uncertainty of which method a safety professional should utilize for incident rate prediction is reduced. Incident data from the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) was used to make short- and long-term forecasts. The performance of each of these methods was evaluated against one another to ascertain which method has the highest level of accuracy, lowest bias, and best complexity-adjusted goodness-of-fit metrics. The double exponential smoothing and auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) statistical forecasting methods provided the most accurate incident rate predictions.
Optimizing the Team for Required Power During Track-Cycling Team Pursuit
Authors: Heimans Levi , Dijkshoorn Wouter R. , Hoozemans Marco J.M. , de Koning Jos J. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose: Since the aim of the men’s team pursuit in time-trial track cycling is to accomplish a distance of 4000 m as fast as possible, optimizing aerodynamic drag can contribute to achieving this goal. The aim of this study was to determine the drafting effect in second, third, and fourth position during the team pursuit in track cycling as a function of the team members’ individual frontal areas in order to minimize the required power. Method: Eight experienced track cyclists of the Dutch national selection performed 39 trials of 3 km in different teams of 4 cyclists at a constant velocity of 15.75 m/s. Frontal projected areas were determined, and together with field-derived drag coefficients for all 4 positions, the relationships between frontal areas of team members and drag fractions were estimated using generalized estimating equations. Results: The frontal area of both the cyclist directly in front of the drafter and the drafter himself turned out to be significant determinants of the drag fraction at the drafter’s position (P < .05) for all 3 drafting positions. Predicted required power for individuals in drafting positions differed up to 35 W depending on team composition. For a team, a maximal difference in team efficiency (1.2%) exists by selecting cyclists in a specific sequence. Conclusion: Estimating required power for a specific team composition gives insight into differences in team efficiency for the team pursuit. Furthermore, required power for individual team members ranges substantially depending on team composition.
Movement Velocity as Indicator of Relative Intensity and Level of Effort Attained During the Set in Pull-Up Exercise
Authors: Sánchez-Moreno Miguel , Rodríguez-Rosell David , Pareja-Blanco Fernando , Mora-Custodio Ricardo , González-Badillo Juan José 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:To analyze the relationship between movement velocity and relative load (%1RM) in the pull-up exercise (PU) and to determine the pattern of repetition-velocity loss during a single set to failure in pulling one’s own body mass.Methods:Fifty-two men (age = 26.5 ± 3.9 y, body mass = 74.3 ± 7.2 kg) performed a first evaluation (T1) consisting of an 1-repetition-maximum test (1RM) and a test of maximum number of repetitions to failure pulling one’s own body mass (MNR) in the PU exercise. Thirty-nine subjects performed both tests on a second occasion (T2) following 12 wk of training.Results:The authors observed a strong relationship between mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and %1RM (r = −.96). Mean velocity attained with 1RM load (V1RM) was 0.20 ± 0.05 m·s−1, and it influenced the MPV attained with each %1RM. Although 1RM increased by 3.4% from T1 to T2, the relationship between MPV and %1RM, and V1RM, remained stable. The authors also confirmed stability in the V1RMregardless of individual relative strength. The authors found a strong relationship between percentage of velocity loss and percentage of performed repetitions (R2 = .88), which remained stable despite a 15% increase in MNR.Conclusions:Monitoring repetition velocity allows estimation of the %1RM used as soon as the first repetition with a given load is performed, and the number of repetitions remaining in reserve when a given percentage of velocity loss is achieved during a PU exercise set.
Head, Neck, Trunk, and Pelvis Tissue Mass Predictions for Young Adults Using Anthropometric Measures and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Authors: Gyemi Danielle L. , Kahelin Charles , George Nicole C. , Andrews David M. 
Published: March 2017

Accurate prediction of wobbling mass (WM), fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and bone mineral content (BMC) of living people using regression equations developed from anthropometric measures (lengths, circumferences, breadths, skinfolds) has previously been reported, but only for the extremities. Multiple linear stepwise regression was used to generate comparable equations for the head, neck, trunk, and pelvis of young adults (38 males, 38 females). Equations were validated using actual tissue masses from an independent sample of 13 males and 13 females by manually segmenting full-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans. Prediction equations exhibited adjusted R2
values ranging from .249 to .940, with more explained variance for LM and WM than BMC and FM, especially for the head and neck. Mean relative errors between predicted and actual tissue masses ranged from −11.07% (trunk FM) to 7.61% (neck FM). Actual and predicted tissue masses from all equations were significantly correlated (R2
= .329 to .937), except head BMC (R2
= .046). These results show promise for obtaining in-vivo head, neck, trunk, and pelvis tissue mass estimates in young adults. Further research is needed to improve head and neck FM and BMC predictions and develop tissue mass prediction equations for older populations.
Longitudinal Association Between Objectively Measured Walking and Depressive Symptoms Among Estonian Older Adults
Authors: Raudsepp Lennart , Riso Eva-Maria 
Published: March 2017

Although an inverse correlation between physical activity and depressive symptoms among older adults has been found in research, this relation has seldom been examined prospectively. Accordingly, the current study examined the reciprocal relations between physical activity and depressive symptoms in Estonian older adults over a 2-year period. A three-wave longitudinal model was tested using cross-lagged analysis for 195 individuals aged over 70 years (mean = 72.1, SD = 2.1; 145 females). Results indicated that a cross-lagged model in which depressive symptoms predicted walking at subsequent time points (higher depressive symptoms were related to fewer walking steps), and walking predicted depressive symptoms at subsequent time points (higher walking steps were related to lower depressive symptoms) was most parsimonious and provided acceptable model fit. These results suggest that reduced physical activity may be a long-term consequence of depressive symptoms in older adults.
First Insights into the Genome Sequence of the Strictly Anaerobic Homoacetogenic Sporomusa sphaeroides Strain E (DSM 2875)
Authors: Villamizar Genis Andrés Castillo , Daniel Rolf , Poehlein Anja 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Sporomusa sphaeroides
strain E (DSM 2875), a strict anaerobic homoacetogenic bacterium. It is able to grow autotrophically on different one-carbon compounds. The strain possesses several genes of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. The genome consists of a single chromosome (4.98 Mb).
First Report on the Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus crustorum MN047, a Potent Probiotic Strain Isolated from Koumiss in China
Authors: Yi Lanhua , Guo Xing , Liu Lian , Shao Chunge , Lü Xin 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of
Lactobacillus crustorum
deciphered by PacBio RS II and Illumina HiSeq 4000 sequencing was first reported with one chromosome and two plasmids. Sequence analysis of
L. crustorum
MN047 showed probiotic characteristics.
Genome Sequence of Creatinine-Fermenting Tissierella creatinophila Strain KRE 4
T
(DSM 6911)
Authors: Nacke Heiko , Daniel Rolf , Poehlein Anja 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Tissierella creatinophila
strain KRE 4
T
(DSM 6911) is a strictly anaerobic, creatinine-fermenting, and creatine-fermenting organism, which has been isolated from sewage sludge. The draft genome consists of one circular chromosome (2.5 Mb) and harbors 2,533 predicted protein-encoding genes.
Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequence of Escherichia coli Strain MN067 from India, a Commensal Bacterium with Potent Pathogenic Ability
Authors: Nagarjuna Daram , Gaind Rajni , Dhanda Rakesh Singh , Yadav Manisha 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
is one of the most frequently prevalent pathogens, causing infections in health care settings throughout the world. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of MN067, a commensal bacterium with a pathogenic potential.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Murine Bacterial Isolate Lactobacillus murinus EF-1
Authors: Fritz Eric , Miller Michael J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Screening for lysogenic lactobacilli in rat fecal samples has identified
Lactobacillus murinus
EF-1. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a 2.30-Mb draft genome with 39.6% G+C content and 2,196 open reading frames. PHAST analysis identified three intact prophages of 26.1 kb, 25.4 kb, and 49.6 kb in size.
Genome Sequence of Human Rhinovirus A22, Strain Lancaster/2015
Authors: Atkinson Kate V. , Bishop Lisa A. , Rhodes Glenn , Salez Nicolas , McEwan Neil R. , Hegarty Matthew J. , Robey Julie , Harding Nicola , Wetherell Simon , Lauder Robert M. , Pickup Roger W. , Wilkinson Mark , Gatherer Derek 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
The genome of human rhinovirus A22 (HRV-A22) was assembled by deep sequencing RNA samples from nasopharyngeal swabs. The assembled genome is 8.7% divergent from the HRV-A22 reference strain over its full length, and it is only the second full-length genome sequence for HRV-A22. The new strain is designated strain HRV-A22/Lancaster/2015.
Comparative effectiveness of different wound dressings for patients with partial-thickness burns: study protocol of a systematic review and a Bayesian framework network meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Qiong , Chen Zhao-Hong , Wang Shun-Bin , Chen Xiao-Dong 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionSelecting a suitable wound dressing for patients with partial-thickness burns (PTBs) is important in wound care. However, the comparative effectiveness of different dressings has not been studied. We report the protocol of a network meta-analysis designed to combine direct and indirect evidence of wound dressings in the management of PTB.Methods and analysisWe will search for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the wound-healing effect of a wound dressing in the management of PTB. Searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register and CINAHL. A comprehensive search strategy is developed to retrieve articles reporting potentially eligible RCTs. Besides, we will contact the experts in the field and review the conference proceedings to locate non-published studies. The reference lists of articles will be reviewed for any candidate studies. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts of the candidate articles. All eligible RCTs will be obtained in full text to perform a review. Disagreement on eligibility of an RCT will be solved by group discussion. The information of participants, interventions, comparisons and outcomes from included RCTs will be recorded and summarised. The primary outcome is time to complete wound healing. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of burns completely healed at the end of treatment, change in wound surface area at the end of treatment, incidence of adverse events, etc.Ethics and disseminationThe result of this review will provide evidence for the comparative effectiveness of different wound dressings in the management of PTB. It will also facilitate decision-making in choosing a suitable wound dressing. We will disseminate the review through a peer-review journal and conference abstracts or posters.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42016041574; Pre-results.