bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcript Levels of Androgen Receptor Variant 7 and Ubiquitin‐Conjugating Enzyme 2C in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer and Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lee Chan Ho , Ku Ja Yoon , Ha Jung Min , Bae Sun Sik , Lee Jeong Zoo , Kim Choung‐Soo , Ha Hong Koo 
Published: August 2016

PURPOSEThis study is designed to identify the androgen receptor variant 7 (AR‐V7) status, clinical significance of AR‐V7 in hormone sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). Then, we evaluated AR‐V7 and changes of its target gene, ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) which is an anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)‐specific ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme, in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in serial tumor biopsies from patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy.METHODSWe used RT‐PCR and Q‐PCR assay to evaluate AR‐V7, androgen receptor full length (AR‐FL), and UBE2C in tumor biopsies from patients with HSPC and CRPC. We examined associations between mRNA expression of AR‐V7 and clinicopathologic factors. Furthermore, to identify other potential genes involved in the development of CRPC, RNA sequencing was conducted, using paired prostate cancer (PCa) tissues obtained immediately prior to treatment and at the time of therapeutic resistance.RESULTSA total of 13 HSPC patients and three CRPC patients were enrolled. Neither a high Gleason score (score of 8 and 9) nor a high risk of PCa (a high risk of locally advanced PCa according to NCCN guidelines) was correlated with mRNA expression of AR‐V7 in HSPC (P = 0.153 and P = 0.215). The mRNA expression of AR‐FL, but not AR‐V7, was significantly associated with the mRNA expression of UBE2C level in HSPC (P = 0.007). However, increased expression of AR‐V7, not AR‐FL, paralleled increased expression of UBE2C in the CRPC specimens (P = 0.03). AR‐V7 expression status before ADT was likely related to shorter CRPC development in patients treating ADT. The result of the RNA‐sequencing analysis using serial samples from the same patient before and after castration demonstrated an increased level of the PI3K regulatory subunit 1 (P = 0.018).CONCLUSIONOur study revealed the role of UBE2C as a marker of the androgen signaling pathway in PCa. Differential gene expression analysis using serial samples from the same patient before and after castration revealed potential genes and pathways involved in development of CRPC. Further studies are needed to determine whether these genes and pathways are potential therapeutic target for CRPC. Prostate 77:60–71, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Superconductivity and Dirac fermions in 112‐phase pnictides
Authors: Ray Soumya J. , Alff Lambert 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article reviews the current research on the 112‐phase of pnictides. The 112‐phase has gained augmented attention due to the recent discovery of high‐temperature superconductivity in with a maximum critical temperature upon Sb substitution. The structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of bear some similarities with other superconducting pnictide phases, however, the different valence states of the pnictogen and the presence of a metallic spacer layer are unique features of the 112‐system. Low‐temperature superconductivity which coexists with antiferromagnetic order was observed in transition metal (Ni, Pd) deficient 112‐compounds like , , , . Besides superconductivity, the presence of naturally occurring anisotropic Dirac Fermionic states were observed in the layered 112‐compounds SrMnBi2, CaMnBi2, LaAgBi2 which are of significant interest for future nanoelectronics as an alternative to graphene. In these compounds, the linear energy dispersion resulted in a high magnetoresistance that stayed unsaturated even at the highest applied magnetic fields. Here, we describe various 112‐type materials systems combining experimental results and theoretical predictions to stimulate further research on this less well‐known member of the pnictide family.
Growth in Oral Reading Fluency in a Semitransparent Orthography: Concurrent and Predictive Relations With Reading Proficiency in Norwegian, Grades 2–5
Authors: Arnesen Anne , Braeken Johan , Baker Scott , Meek‐Hansen Wilhelm , Ogden Terje , Melby‐Lervåg Monica 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study investigated an adaptation of the Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) measure of the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills into a European context for the Norwegian language, which has a more transparent orthography than English. Second‐order latent growth curve modeling was used to examine the longitudinal measurement invariance of the ORF measure, the growth in oral reading fluency within and across grades 2–5, the relative stability of the ORF measure, and the relationship between the ORF measure and high‐stakes national tests of reading proficiency. Results showed that the ORF passages measured the same underlying construct, but some passages stood out regarding the invariance pattern. The oral reading fluency growth curve models demonstrated a linear growth in grades 2 and 3 and a nonlinear growth in grades 4 and 5. Initial individual differences varied more than growth rates, which for all were positive but largest in grades 3 and 4. High relative stability in the ORF measure was found across grades. The concurrent and predictive relations of the ORF measure on the Norwegian national reading tests were moderate to strong (range = .44–.75). Findings indicated that the ORF is a reliable and valid measure of reading in Norwegian grades 2–5 and easy and fast to administer. The ORF measure might contribute to early identification of students at risk for reading difficulties in an orthography more transparent than English. Implications for school practice and future research are discussed.
Triangle factors of graphs without large independent sets and of weighted graphs
Authors: Balogh József , Molla Theodore , Sharifzadeh Maryam 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe classical Corrádi‐Hajnal theorem claims that every n‐vertex graph G with contains a triangle factor, when . In this paper we present two related results that both use the absorbing technique of Rödl, Ruciński and Szemerédi. Our main result determines the minimum degree condition necessary to guarantee a triangle factor in graphs with sublinear independence number. In particular, we show that if G is an n‐vertex graph with and , then G has a triangle factor and this is asymptotically best possible. Furthermore, it is shown for every r that if every linear size vertex set of a graph G spans quadratically many edges, and , then G has a Kr‐factor for n sufficiently large. We also propose many related open problems whose solutions could show a relationship with Ramsey‐Turán theory.Additionally, we also consider a fractional variant of the Corrádi‐Hajnal Theorem, settling a conjecture of Balogh‐Kemkes‐Lee‐Young. Let and . We call a triangle t‐heavy if the sum of the weights on its edges is more than 3t. We prove that if and w is such that for every vertex v the sum of w(e) over edges e incident to v is at least , then there are vertex disjoint heavy triangles in G. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 49, 669–693, 2016
Identifying Underlying Causes of Situational Interest in a Science Course for Preservice Elementary Teachers
Authors: PALMER DAVID H. , DIXON JEANETTE , ARCHER JENNIFER 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTSituational interest is short‐term interest that is linked to environmental factors in a particular situation. Previous studies have found that some science teaching techniques can be very effective in generating situational interest among students, but the reasons why these are effective remain unclear: Hands‐on activities, for example, are known to generate situational interest, but there is little consensus about the underlying reasons why. The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying causes of situational interest in a range of science teaching techniques. The participants were 229 Australian preservice elementary teachers in a one‐semester science course. An open‐ended survey was administered on three occasions during the course, and individual interviews with a subset of 25 students were held at the end of the semester. The teaching techniques that generated situational interest included hands‐on activities, personal anecdotes, fun facts, demonstrations of science toys, science magic, clear explanations, and the use of models and artifacts. For each technique, situational interest was due to a combination of three underlying causes: success, relevance, and novelty. It was concluded that substantial situational interest occurred when these students successfully learnt something that had novelty and personal relevance. It was concluded that this triadic combination represented the underlying causes of situational interest in the course.
How Do Preservice Biology Teachers Explain the Origin of Biological Traits?: A Philosophical Analysis
Authors: KAMPOURAKIS KOSTAS , SILVEIRA PATRICIA , STRASSER BRUNO J. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTResearch suggests that students tend to explain the origin of biological traits in terms of needs or purposes and/or as the direct product of genes, rather than as the outcome of evolutionary and developmental processes. We suggest that in order for students to be able to construct scientific explanations, it is important to clearly and explicitly distinguish between causes that make a difference to the production of effects and the processes through which these effects are produced in developing evolutionary and developmental explanations for the origin of biological traits. However, these distinctions are not usually made in textbooks and curricula, and it is unclear how biology teachers themselves explain the origins of biological traits. In this study, we present the conclusions from the analysis of the explanations that 19 preservice biology teachers gave for the origins of biological traits. The results indicate that they often referred to causes and processes in their evolutionary explanations, but that they did not always do this in their developmental explanations. We suggest that future biology teachers should understand the structure of explanations for the origins of traits to efficiently teach their students to construct such kinds of explanations.
Penetrating Thoracic Trauma Patients with Gross Physiological Derangement: A Responsibility for the General Surgeon in the Absence of Trauma or Cardiothoracic Surgeon?
Authors: Doll Dietrich , Eichler Markus , Vassiliu Pantelis , Boffard Kenneth , Pohlemann Tim , Degiannis Elias 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundPenetrating trauma is becoming increasingly common in parts of the world where previously it was rare. At the same time, general surgeons and surgical trainees are becoming more specialized, and less comfortable operating within areas beyond their zone of specialization.
ObjectiveThe purpose of this manuscript is to assess the technical difficulties encountered in operating on patients who have sustained penetrating trauma, and to prove to general surgeons that the technical skills and techniques required are no different to those required for abdominal surgery, and do not require additional dexterity.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted in an Academic Trauma unit over a 3‐year period. All patients who were operated upon for penetrating thoracic trauma were included in the study. The pre‐operative management, techniques of surgical repair and the outcome were assessed.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐five patients were included in the study over a 3‐year period. There were 97 patients with stab wounds, 47 with gunshot wounds and 1 patient with an injury from an angle grinder. Mortality was six times greater in those patients with gunshot wounds, than those with stab wounds. Several patients had multiple thoracic organ injuries. There were 57 patients who were operated upon for thoracic vessel injury. There was a 3.5 % mortality overall. Eighty‐eight patients sustained pulmonary injury with a 7 % mortality, and they were managed mainly by simply repair, tractotomy or stapled partial non‐anatomical lobectomy. Of the 39 patients with cardiac trauma, there was 17 % mortality, and all cases were managed by simple repair. There were 5 patients with an oesophageal injury of whom 3 died (mortality of 60 %). Twenty‐four patients had thoraco‐abdominal injuries with 30 % mortality.ConclusionMost of the injuries in the chest can be managed by simple procedures to control life‐threatening bleeding. The techniques required are similar to those taught to and are practiced comfortably by general surgeons used to work in the abdominal cavity. We encourage the general surgeon who receives a grossly unstable patient with penetrating thoracic trauma to operate, instead of adding risk to the patient’s physiology by a transfer to cardio‐thoracic or dedicated trauma units.
Risk factors for robotic gynecologic procedures requiring conversion to other surgical procedures
Authors: Unger Cecile A. , Lachiewicz Mark P. , Ridgeway Beri 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence of, and risk factors for, conversion from robotic gynecologic procedures to other procedure types.MethodsA retrospective cohort study included data from women who underwent any robotic gynecologic procedures between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2012 at a tertiary care referral center in the USA. Demographic data, perioperative data, and surgeon experience (monthly case volume) data were retrieved; potential risk factors were compared between robotic procedures that were converted to other procedures and those completed as robotic procedures.ResultsThere were 942 robotic procedures during the study period. Conversion from robotic to any other type of procedure was recorded for 47 (5.0%, 95% confidence interval 3.8–6.6) procedures and robotic‐to‐open‐surgery conversion occurred in 16 (1.7%, 95% confidence interval 1.0–2.7) procedures. Conversion from robotic surgery to another approach was associated with higher body mass index (P < 0.001), previous laparotomy (P = 0.042), and surgeons having a lower monthly robotic surgical case volume (P = 0.011). Asthma (P = 0.008), intra‐operative bowel injury (P < 0.001), intra‐operative vascular injury (P = 0.003), and single‐port robotic surgery (P = 0.034) were associated with increased odds of requiring conversion from robotic procedures.ConclusionThe overall incidence of conversion from robotic surgery to laparotomy was low. Higher body mass index, previous laparotomy, history of asthma, using a single‐port approach, and surgeon case volume were associated with the risk of conversion.
On the measurement of occupancy in ecology and paleontology
Authors: Foote Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOccupancy statistics in ecology and paleontology are biased upward by the fact that we generally do not have solid data on species that exist but are not found. The magnitude of this bias increases as the average occupancy probability decreases and as the number of sites sampled decreases. A maximum-likelihood method is developed to estimate the underlying distribution of occupancy probabilities of all species based only on the sample of observed species with nonzero occupancy. The method is based on determining the probability that the number of occupied sites will take on any specific value for a given occupancy probability, integrated over the entire distribution of occupancy probabilities. If the shape of the underlying distribution is well modeled, the resulting occupancy estimates circumvent the bias inherent in failing to observe some species and the fact that this bias depends on the number of sites. For occupancy data on marine animal genera drawn from the Paleobiology Database, the underlying distribution is reasonably approximated as a right-truncated log-normal, but the methods developed can be extended to any distribution. Examples are presented to illustrate some observations that are robust and others that need to be revised in light of this bias correction. The method is compared to a recently developed, distribution-free approach to the same problem.
Genomic composition and dynamics amongMethanomicrobialespredict adaptation to contrasting environments
Authors: Browne Patrick , Tamaki Hideyuki , Kyrpides Nikos , Woyke Tanja , Goodwin Lynne , Imachi Hiroyuki , Bräuer Suzanna , Yavitt Joseph B , Liu Wen-Tso , Zinder Stephen , Cadillo-Quiroz Hinsby 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMembers of the order Methanomicrobiales are abundant, and sometimes dominant, hydrogenotrophic (H2-CO2 utilizing) methanoarchaea in a broad range of anoxic habitats. Despite their key roles in greenhouse gas emissions and waste conversion to methane, little is known about the physiological and genomic bases for their widespread distribution and abundance. In this study, we compared the genomes of nine diverse Methanomicrobiales strains, examined their pangenomes, reconstructed gene flow and identified genes putatively mediating their success across different habitats. Most strains slowly increased gene content whereas one, Methanocorpusculum labreanum, evidenced genome downsizing. Peat-dwelling Methanomicrobiales showed adaptations centered on improved transport of scarce inorganic nutrients and likely use H+ rather than Na+ transmembrane chemiosmotic gradients during energy conservation. In contrast, other Methanomicrobiales show the potential to concurrently use Na+ and H+ chemiosmotic gradients. Analyses also revealed that the Methanomicrobiales lack a canonical electron bifurcation system (MvhABGD) known to produce low potential electrons in other orders of hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Additional putative differences in anabolic metabolism suggest that the dynamics of interspecies electron transfer from Methanomicrobiales syntrophic partners can also differ considerably. Altogether, these findings suggest profound differences in electron trafficking in the Methanomicrobiales compared with other hydrogenotrophs, and warrant further functional evaluations.
Sleep recalibrates homeostatic and associative synaptic plasticity in the human cortex
Authors: Kuhn Marion , Wolf Elias , Maier Jonathan G. , Mainberger Florian , Feige Bernd , Schmid Hanna , Bürklin Jan , Maywald Sarah , Mall Volker , Jung Nikolai H. , Reis Janine , Spiegelhalder Kai , Klöppel Stefan , Sterr Annette , Eckert Anne , Riemann Dieter , Normann Claus , Nissen Christoph 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSleep is ubiquitous in animals and humans, but its function remains to be further determined. The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis of sleep–wake regulation proposes a homeostatic increase in net synaptic strength and cortical excitability along with decreased inducibility of associative synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) due to saturation after sleep deprivation. Here we use electrophysiological, behavioural and molecular indices to non-invasively study net synaptic strength and LTP-like plasticity in humans after sleep and sleep deprivation. We demonstrate indices of increased net synaptic strength (TMS intensity to elicit a predefined amplitude of motor-evoked potential and EEG theta activity) and decreased LTP-like plasticity (paired associative stimulation induced change in motor-evoked potential and memory formation) after sleep deprivation. Changes in plasma BDNF are identified as a potential mechanism. Our study indicates that sleep recalibrates homeostatic and associative synaptic plasticity, believed to be the neural basis for adaptive behaviour, in humans.
Global threats from invasive alien species in the twenty-first century and national response capacities
Authors: Early Regan , Bradley Bethany A. , Dukes Jeffrey S. , Lawler Joshua J. , Olden Julian D. , Blumenthal Dana M. , Gonzalez Patrick , Grosholz Edwin D. , Ibañez Ines , Miller Luke P. , Sorte Cascade J. B. , Tatem Andrew J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInvasive alien species (IAS) threaten human livelihoods and biodiversity globally. Increasing globalization facilitates IAS arrival, and environmental changes, including climate change, facilitate IAS establishment. Here we provide the first global, spatial analysis of the terrestrial threat from IAS in light of twenty-first century globalization and environmental change, and evaluate national capacities to prevent and manage species invasions. We find that one-sixth of the global land surface is highly vulnerable to invasion, including substantial areas in developing economies and biodiversity hotspots. The dominant invasion vectors differ between high-income countries (imports, particularly of plants and pets) and low-income countries (air travel). Uniting data on the causes of introduction and establishment can improve early-warning and eradication schemes. Most countries have limited capacity to act against invasions. In particular, we reveal a clear need for proactive invasion strategies in areas with high poverty levels, high biodiversity and low historical levels of invasion.
Chirality imprinting and direct asymmetric reaction screening using a stereodynamic Brønsted/Lewis acid receptor
Authors: Bentley Keith W. , Proano Daysi , Wolf Christian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMolecular recognition, activation and dynamic self-assembly with Brønsted and Lewis acids play a central role across the chemical sciences including catalysis, crystal engineering, supramolecular architectures and drug design. Despite this general advance, the utilization of the corresponding binding motifs for fast and robust quantitative chemosensing of chiral compounds in a complicate matrix has remained challenging. Here we show that a stereodynamic probe carrying complementary boronic acid and urea units achieves this goal with hydroxy carboxylic acids. Synergistic dual-site binding and instantaneous chirality imprinting result in characteristic ultraviolet and CD readouts that allow instantaneous determination of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric excess and concentration of the target compound even in complex mixtures. The robustness and practicality of this strategy for high-throughput screening purposes is demonstrated. Comprehensive sensing of only 0.5 mg of a crude reaction mixture of an asymmetric reduction eliminates cumbersome work-up protocols and minimizes analysis time, labour and waste production.
Hybrid bio-photo-electro-chemical cells for solar water splitting
Authors: Pinhassi Roy I. , Kallmann Dan , Saper Gadiel , Dotan Hen , Linkov Artyom , Kay Asaf , Liveanu Varda , Schuster Gadi , Adir Noam , Rothschild Avner 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical water splitting uses solar power to decompose water to hydrogen and oxygen. Here we show how the photocatalytic activity of thylakoid membranes leads to overall water splitting in a bio-photo-electro-chemical (BPEC) cell via a simple process. Thylakoids extracted from spinach are introduced into a BPEC cell containing buffer solution with ferricyanide. Upon solar-simulated illumination, water oxidation takes place and electrons are shuttled by the ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple from the thylakoids to a transparent electrode serving as the anode, yielding a photocurrent density of 0.5 mA cm−2. Hydrogen evolution occurs at the cathode at a bias as low as 0.8 V. A tandem cell comprising the BPEC cell and a Si photovoltaic module achieves overall water splitting with solar to hydrogen efficiency of 0.3%. These results demonstrate the promise of combining natural photosynthetic membranes and man-made photovoltaic cells in order to convert solar power into hydrogen fuel.