bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensified vmPFC surveillance over PTSS under perturbed microRNA-608/AChE interaction
Authors: Lin T , Simchovitz A , Shenhar-Tsarfaty S , Vaisvaser S , Admon R , Hanin G , Hanan M , Kliper E , Bar-Haim Y , Shomron N , Fernandez G , Lubin G , Fruchter E , Hendler T , Soreq H 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTrauma causes variable risk of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) owing to yet-unknown genome–neuronal interactions. Here, we report co-intensified amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) emotional responses that may overcome PTSS in individuals with the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17228616 in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene. We have recently shown that in individuals with the minor rs17228616 allele, this SNP interrupts AChE suppression by microRNA (miRNA)-608, leading to cortical elevation of brain AChE and reduced cortisol and the miRNA-608 target GABAergic modulator CDC42, all stress-associated. To examine whether this SNP has effects on PTSS and threat-related brain circuits, we exposed 76 healthy Israel Defense Forces soldiers who experienced chronic military stress to a functional magnetic resonance imaging task of emotional and neutral visual stimuli. Minor allele individuals predictably reacted to emotional stimuli by hyperactivated amygdala, a hallmark of PTSS and a predisposing factor of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite this, minor allele individuals showed no difference in PTSS levels. Mediation analyses indicated that the potentiated amygdala reactivity in minor allele soldiers promoted enhanced vmPFC recruitment that was associated with their limited PTSS. Furthermore, we found interrelated expression levels of several miRNA-608 targets including CD44, CDC42 and interleukin 6 in human amygdala samples (N=7). Our findings suggest that miRNA-608/AChE interaction is involved in the threat circuitry and PTSS and support a model where greater vmPFC regulatory activity compensates for amygdala hyperactivation in minor allele individuals to neutralize their PTSS susceptibility.
Repair or Violation Detection? Pre-Attentive Processing Strategies of Phonotactic Illegality Demonstrated on the Constraint of g-Deletion in German
Authors: Steinberg Johanna , Jacobsen Thomas Konstantin , Jacobsen Thomas 
Published: May 2016

PurposeEffects of categorical phonotactic knowledge on pre-attentive speech processing were investigated by presenting illegal speech input that violated a phonotactic constraint in German called “g-deletion.” The present study aimed to extend previous findings of automatic processing of phonotactic violations and to investigate the role of stimulus context in triggering either an automatic phonotactic repair or a detection of the violation.MethodThe mismatch negativity event-related potential component was obtained in 2 identical cross-sectional experiments with speaker variation and 16 healthy adult participants each. Four pseudowords were used as stimuli, 3 of them phonotactically legal and 1 illegal. Stimuli were contrasted pairwise in passive oddball conditions and presented binaurally via headphones. Results were analyzed by means of mixed design analyses of variance.ResultsPhonotactically illegal stimuli were found to be processed differently compared to legal ones. Results indicate evidence for both automatic repair and detection of the phonotactic violation depending on the linguistic context the illegal stimulus was embedded in.ConclusionsThese findings corroborate notions that categorical phonotactic knowledge is activated and applied even in the absence of attention. Thus, our findings contribute to the general understanding of sublexical phonological processing and may be of use for further developing speech recognition models.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963802
Research and application of multiple STATCOMs to improve the stability of AC/DC power systems in China Southern Grid
Authors: Rao Hong , Xu Shukai , Zhao Yong , Hong Chao , Wei Wei , Li Xiaolin , Zhang Jianshe , Song Qiang 
Published: May 2016

This study presents the research and application of multiple static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs) in the China Southern Grid (CSG) to enhance the stability of its receiving‐end power system. In this research, a practical methodology is developed for the optimal allocation of STATCOMs in a complex power system through both static and dynamic approaches. The allocation scheme for installing multiple STATCOMs in the CSG is determined using the proposed process. ±200 MVAr STATCOMs are developed based on cascaded H‐bridge converters connected in the delta structure. A special system‐level control strategy for fast voltage recovery applications is introduced in this study, and field test results and application effects are presented. Results of the real‐time digital simulation are introduced to verify the application effects in the case where multiple STATCOMs are connected to the grid. Field test results and analysis of the recorded data for the system faults during actual operation also verify the application effects of multiple STATCOMs in the CSG.
Analysis and implementation of a novel high step‐up DC–DC converter with low switch voltage stress and reduced diode voltage stress
Authors: Chen Yie‐Tone , Lu Zong‐Xing , Liang Ruey‐Hsun , Hung Chung‐Wen 
Published: May 2016

A new high step‐up dc–dc converter is proposed in this study. This new high step‐up converter utilises the input voltage, clamped‐capacitor, and the secondary side of the coupled‐inductor to charge the switched‐capacitor and the secondary side of the coupled inductor also charges two multiplier capacitors in parallel during the turn‐on interval of the switch. The input voltage, coupled‐inductor, and multiplier capacitors are in series connection to the output to accomplish the purpose of high voltage gain during the turn‐off interval of the switch. By adjusting the turns ratio of the coupled inductors, the proposed circuit does not need to be operated at high duty cycle to achieve the high voltage gain. The voltage stress of the switch and diodes can be decreased to cut down the cost. Moreover, the energy of the leakage inductance can be recovered to reduce the voltage spike of the switch. Therefore, the switch with lower conduction resistance can be applied to reduce the conduction loss and increase the efficiency. Finally, simulation and experiments are conducted. A prototype circuit with input voltage of 24 V, output voltage of 400 V, and output power of 200 W is implemented to validate the property of the proposed converter.
A picture's worth a thousand words: a food‐selection observational method
Authors: Carins Julia E. , Rundle‐Thiele Sharyn R. , Parkinson Joy E. 
Published: May 2016

Issue addressedMethods are needed to accurately measure and describe behaviour so that social marketers and other behaviour change researchers can gain consumer insights before designing behaviour change strategies and so, in time, they can measure the impact of strategies or interventions when implemented. This paper describes a photographic method developed to meet these needs.MethodsDirect observation and photographic methods were developed and used to capture food‐selection behaviour and examine those selections according to their healthfulness. Four meals (two lunches and two dinners) were observed at a workplace buffet‐style cafeteria over a 1‐week period. The healthfulness of individual meals was assessed using a classification scheme developed for the present study and based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines.ResultsApproximately 27% of meals (n = 168) were photographed. Agreement was high between raters classifying dishes using the scheme, as well as between researchers when coding photographs. The subset of photographs was representative of patterns observed in the entire dining room. Diners chose main dishes in line with the proportions presented, but in opposition to the proportions presented for side dishes.ConclusionsThe present study developed a rigorous observational method to investigate food choice behaviour. The comprehensive food classification scheme produced consistent classifications of foods. The photographic data collection method was found to be robust and accurate. Combining the two observation methods allows researchers and/or practitioners to accurately measure and interpret food selections. Consumer insights gained suggest that, in this setting, increasing the availability of green (healthful) offerings for main dishes would assist in improving healthfulness, whereas other strategies (e.g. promotion) may be needed for side dishes.So what?Visual observation methods that accurately measure and interpret food‐selection behaviour provide both insight for those developing healthy eating interventions and a means to evaluate the effect of implemented interventions on food selection.
Cortical thickness of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex predicts strategic choices in economic games
Authors: Yamagishi Toshio , Takagishi Haruto , Fermin Alan de Souza Rodrigues , Kanai Ryota , Li Yang , Matsumoto Yoshie 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Is human prosociality a consequence of cognitive control of selfish impulses? Alternatively, is it a default option that most people use unless they are cognitively persuaded that a given situation does not require them to behave prosocially? Our results support the latter argument. Participants with weaker cognitive control fairly shared a reward with another participant even when there was no chance of punishing unfair behavior, whereas those more capable of cognitive control behaved selfishly in the same situation. These findings demonstrate that participants’ intuitive choices in economic games are prosocial.
Light-induced actuating nanotransducers
Authors: Ding Tao , Valev Ventsislav K. , Salmon Andrew R. , Forman Chris J. , Smoukov Stoyan K. , Scherman Oren A. , Frenkel Daan , Baumberg Jeremy J. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Scientists have dreamt of nanomachines that can navigate in water, sense their environment, communicate, and respond. Various power sources and propulsion systems have been proposed but they lack speed, strength, and control. We introduce here a previously undefined paradigm for nanoactuation which is incredibly simple, but solves many problems. It is optically powered (although other modes are also possible), and potentially offers unusually large force/mass. This looks to be widely generalizable, because the actuating nanotransducers can be selectively bound to designated active sites. The concept can underpin a plethora of future designs and already we produce a dramatic optical response over large areas at high speed.
Decades of field data reveal that turtles senesce in the wild
Authors: Warner Daniel A. , Miller David A. W. , Bronikowski Anne M. , Janzen Fredric J. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Turtles are icons of longevity, popularly characterized as lacking aging and remaining robust as they get older. Indeterminate growth and a positive relationship between body size and fecundity suggest that a greater proportion of reproductive output could come from older, rather than younger, individuals. However, studies of turtle populations are typically too short to empirically test these assertions. We tracked >1,000 painted turtles for >20 y in a population in northwest Illinois, United States. Contrary to traditional thought, successful reproduction and survival declined as the turtles aged. Consistent with life-history theory, the observed senescence in reproduction and survival in this population may be attributable to relatively high extrinsic mortality as a result of human disruption.
Express saccades and superior colliculus responses are sensitive to short-wavelength cone contrast
Authors: Hall Nathan J. , Colby Carol L. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
It is widely believed that the superior colliculus (SC) is unable to use input from short-wavelength–sensitive cones (S-cones) in the retina. If this idea were true, the role of the SC in nearly any visual-oculomotor behavior could be tested by using an S-cone stimulus to eliminate involvement of the SC. Contrary to this assumption, we show that express saccades, an SC-dependent behavior, are sensitive to S-cone contrast. This finding demonstrates that the SC is able to use input from S-cones to guide behavior, and that S-cone stimuli cannot be used to infer SC contributions to behavior.
TGF-β signaling in insects regulates metamorphosis via juvenile hormone biosynthesis
Authors: Ishimaru Yoshiyasu , Tomonari Sayuri , Matsuoka Yuji , Watanabe Takahito , Miyawaki Katsuyuki , Bando Tetsuya , Tomioka Kenji , Ohuchi Hideyo , Noji Sumihare , Mito Taro 
Published: May 2016

SignificanceInsects undergo a morphological transformation from nymph/larva to adult with or without pupal formation, processes referred to as “hemimetamorphosis” and “holometamorphosis,” respectively. Both processes are regulated by common mechanisms involving the hormones 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone (JH). However, it remains unclear how synthesis of JH is regulated in the corpora allata (CA). Here, we report that inGryllus bimaculatusthe TGF-β ligands Myoglianin (Gb’Myo) (GDF8/11 homolog) and Decapentaplegic/Glass-bottom boat/60A (Gb’Dpp/Gbb) regulate JH synthesis via expression of the JH acidO-methyltransferase in the CA. Furthermore, loss ofGb’Myo function preserves the status quo action of JH and prevents metamorphosis. These findings elucidate regulatory mechanisms that provide endocrine control of insect life cycles and provide a model of GDF8/11 function.
Intercellular signaling through secreted proteins induces free-energy gradient-directed cell movement
Authors: Kravchenko-Balasha Nataly , Shin Young Shik , Sutherland Alex , Levine R. D. , Heath James R. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
We demonstrate the role of free energy in determining the direction of motion in a biological process. A thermodynamics-motivated approach is used to show that free-energy changes in cell–cell signaling determine the force gradient for directed cell motion. Using isolated cell pairs and assays of secreted protein levels, we compute the free energy of the cell–cell signaling network as a function of cell–cell separation. The changes in free energy as a function of separation correspond to a potential-energy gradient that can influence cell–cell motion. Recordings of cell motion trajectories were compared with the direction of the gradient. Neutralizing the secreted proteins most involved in establishing the free-energy gradient cancels the directed motion.
Extensive graft-derived dopaminergic innervation is maintained 24 years after transplantation in the degenerating parkinsonian brain
Authors: Li Wen , Englund Elisabet , Widner Håkan , Mattsson Bengt , van Westen Danielle , Lätt Jimmy , Rehncrona Stig , Brundin Patrik , Björklund Anders , Lindvall Olle , Li Jia-Yi 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Parkinson’s disease is the most common movement disorder. Here we describe the histopathological analysis of a unique patient with Parkinson’s disease who underwent unilateral cell transplantation in the putamen with human embryonic mesencephalic tissue at 24 y before death. The patient enjoyed major clinical benefits for at least a decade after transplantation. After a quarter of a century, complete graft-derived dopaminergic reinnervation was still evident in the transplanted putamen. α-Synuclein–positive inclusions, some with the appearance of typical Lewy bodies, were present in 11–12% of the grafted dopaminergic neurons, reflecting spread of pathology from the host brain to the transplant. The clinical improvements were gradually lost from 14 y posttransplantation, indicating that even extensive graft-derived dopaminergic reinnervation loses its efficacy in a severely degenerating brain.
Bi-directional cross-linguistic influence in bilingual Russian-Hebrew children
Authors: Meir Natalia , Walters Joel , Armon-Lotem Sharon 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This study examines cross-linguistic influence of L1 on L2 and L2 on L1 and the extent to which age of L2 onset (L2 AoO) is linked to the acquisition of morpho-syntactic properties in both languages of bilingual children who acquire L1-Russian as a heritage language and L2-Hebrew as a majority language. Our investigation of L1-L2 influence focuses on morpho-syntactic features, whose configurations vary in Russian and Hebrew. Definiteness is realized in Hebrew (but not in Russian), aspect is selected in Russian (but not in Hebrew), and [ACC] case is realized in both languages (but the mapping is different across the two languages); finally, the features of [Person], [Number] and [Gender] are mapped onto verbal inflections in both languages. A total of 110 Russian-Hebrew bilingual children aged 5;5–6;5 with varying ages of L2-Hebrew onset (0–60 months), 20 Hebrew-speaking monolinguals and 20 Russian-speaking monolinguals participated. Results demonstrate cross-linguistic influence, showing that it is bi-directional (L1 on L2 and L2 on L1). The patterns of cross-linguistic influence were similar: bilinguals performed similarly to monolinguals on features, with similar configurations in L1 and L2 (i.e., subject-verb agreement) but performed lower for properties realized differently in L1 and L2 (i.e., [DEF] articles in L2-Hebrew; [PERF] aspect and [ACC] case inflections in L1-Russian). The results also showed an effect of L2 AoO on the acquisition of both L1 and L2. Children with earlier AoO to L2-Hebrew (before 24 months) achieve better mastery in L2-Hebrew and performed lower in L1-Russian. Conversely, later AoOs to L2, led to better mastery of L1 and weaknesses in the acquisition of L2. Findings are discussed in light of the Feature Re-assembly Hypothesis.
A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Trials Using Statins in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Anand Vidhu , Garg Sushil , Duval Sue , Thenappan Thenappan 
Published: May 2016

Statins improve pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in animal models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, clinical trials assessing the efficacy of statins in patients with PAH have reported mixed results. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we assess the efficacy of statins in patients with PAH. We included randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy of statins in patients with PAH. Primary outcomes were mortality and change in 6‐minute walk distance (6MWD). Data are presented as odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference (WMD), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for binary and continuous variables, respectively. We included 4 RCTs of high quality. The mean age of participants was 42 ± 13 years, and 70% were women. The statins used were simvastatin at 40–80 mg in two trials, atorvastatin 10 mg in one trial, and rosuvastatin 10 mg in the other. In the pooled‐data analysis, there was no statistically significant improvement in mortality (OR: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.32–1.74]), 6MWD (WMD: −9.27 [95% CI: −27.73 to 9.20]), or cardiac index (WMD: 0.11 [95% CI: −0.04 to 0.27]) with statin therapy when compared to placebo. There was no difference in adverse events leading to withdrawal of therapy between statin and placebo groups. These data suggest that statins are not beneficial in the treatment of PAH. There is a need for large, well‐conducted clinical trials assessing the effects of statins in patients with PAH. Future trials should include homogeneous patient populations and should be long‐term, event‐driven trials with combined morbidity and mortality end points.
Fracture at the Ischio-Pubic Junction After Periacetabular Osteotomy in the Adolescent Population
Authors: Swann Matthew , Sucato Daniel J. , Romero Jose , Podeszwa David A. 
Published: May 2016

Introduction:
The Ganz periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a well-accepted surgical intervention for hip dysplasia. In the adolescent population it is performed in patients who are skeletally mature with symptoms related to acetabular dysplasia. Redistribution of stresses through the hemipelvis after PAO can lead to a fracture at the ischio-pubic junction (IPJ).

Methods:
This is an IRB-approved, retrospective analysis of adolescent patients treated with a PAO for acetabular dysplasia from 1999 to 2012 at a single institution. Radiographic measurements were performed to include the lateral center-edge angle, Sharp acetabular index, and acetabular index of the weight-bearing zone. These were measured preoperatively and at 6-weeks and 1 year postoperatively from a standing anterior posterior pelvis radiograph. Postoperative modified Harris hip scores (mHHS) were also analyzed. Patients over the age of 21 at time of surgery and those with <2 years of follow-up were excluded.

Results:
One hundred sixty-six patients (187 operated hips) at an average age of 15.6±2.5 were included. Twelve (6.4%) fractures at the IPJ were identified in 12 patients. Seven were identified on the initial postoperative films, whereas 5 were identified after the 6-week visit. Seven (58.3%) fractures had an associated superior posterior ramus nonunion. Six (50%) healed by 2 years after surgery; the remaining 6 (50%) went on to nonunion. Compared with those without a fracture, there was no significant difference in preoperative, 6 weeks postoperative, and final center-edge angle (P=0.94, 0.29, 0.27), Sharp acetabular index (P=0.95, 0.38, 0.16), or AIBWZ (P=0.37, 0.21, 0.54). There was no difference in postoperative mean modified Harris hip scores (P=0.63). Analysis of predisposing factors demonstrated that patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease were more likely to develop an IPJ fracture (P=0.001). Patients with an IPJ fracture were older (17.1 vs. 15.5, P=0.05). There was no difference based on patient sex (P=0.22).

Discussion and Conclusions:
The incidence of fracture at the IPJ after PAO in the adolescent population is 6.4% with some occurring at the time of surgery. These fractures are also associated with a nonunion at the superior posterior ramus cut and an underlying diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth. These fractures are not clinically significant and in this series did not merit further intervention when identified.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.