bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four five‐parametric and five four‐parametric independent confluent Heun potentials for the stationary Klein‐Gordon equation
Authors: Tarloyan A.S. , Ishkhanyan T.A. , Ishkhanyan A.M. 
Published: February 2016

We present in total fifteen potentials for which the stationary Klein‐Gordon equation is solvable in terms of the confluent Heun functions. Because of the symmetry of the confluent Heun equation with respect to the transposition of its regular singularities, only nine of the potentials are independent. Four of these independent potentials are five‐parametric. One of them possesses a four‐parametric ordinary hypergeometric sub‐potential, another one possesses a four‐parametric confluent hypergeometric sub‐potential, and one potential possesses four‐parametric sub‐potentials of both hypergeometric types. The fourth five‐parametric potential has a three‐parametric confluent hypergeometric sub‐potential, which is, however, only conditionally integrable. The remaining five independent Heun potentials are four‐parametric and have solutions only in terms of irreducible confluent Heun functions.image
3D‐Biodruck von Gewebe‐ und Organmodellen
Authors: Pati Falguni , Gantelius Jesper , Svahn Helene Andersson 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGewebe‐ oder Organmodelle können als nützliche In‐vitro‐Plattformen systematische und quantitative Untersuchungen von Wirkstoffen und Chemikalien erleichtern. Oberstes Ziel bei ihrer Entwicklung ist die Nachbildung der wichtigen physiologischen Funktionen, was üblicherweise komplexe Kultursysteme erforderlich macht. Biodrucktechniken bieten interessante Perspektiven für den Aufbau von Gewebe‐ und Organmodellen, da sie eine reproduzierbare, automatisierte Produktion komplexer lebender Gewebe ermöglichen. Auf diese Weise erhaltene Modelle haben Potenzial für das Screening neuer Verbindungen oder für die Vorhersage von Toxizitäten, da in ihnen die räumliche und chemische Komplexität von nativen Geweben oder Organen nachgebildet werden kann. Hier zeigen wir, wie Gewebe‐ und Organmodelle durch 3D‐Biodruck in vitro hergestellt werden können, wie sich ihre Vergleichbarkeit mit dem nativen Gewebe charakterisieren lässt, und wie sie bei der Auswahl von Leitstrukturen, bei Toxizitätstests und als Krankheits‐ oder Tumormodelle von Nutzen sein können.
Nanoscale Distribution of Sulfonic Acid Groups Determines Structure and Binding of Water in Nafion Membranes
Authors: Ling Xiao , Bonn Mischa , Parekh Sapun H. , Domke Katrin F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe connection between the nanoscale structure of two chemically equivalent, yet morphologically distinct Nafion fuel‐cell membranes and their macroscopic chemical properties is demonstrated. Quantification of the chemical interactions between water and Nafion reveals that extruded membranes have smaller water channels with a reduced sulfonic acid head group density compared to dispersion‐cast membranes. As a result, a disproportionally large amount of non‐bulk water molecules exists in extruded membranes, which also exhibit larger proton conductivity and larger water mobility compared to cast membranes. The differences in the physicochemical properties of the membranes, that is, the chemical constitution of the water channels and the local water structure, and the accompanying differences in macroscopic water and proton transport suggest that the chemistry of nanoscale channels is an important, yet largely overlooked parameter that influences the functionality of fuel‐cell membranes.
Improved molecular weight control in ring‐opening metathesis polymerization reactions in organic and aqueous media using N‐heterocyclic carbene–ruthenium arene/alkyne catalyst systems
Authors: Öztürk Bengi Özgün , Şehitoğlu Solmaz Karabulut 
Published: February 2016

A binary catalytic system, RuCl2(N‐heterocyclic carbene)(p‐cymene)/alkyne, was developed for improved molecular weight control in ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reactions of norbornene derivatives in organic and aqueous media. Monometallic ruthenium arene compounds were activated using aryl and aliphatic terminal alkynes to form highly active metathesis species. The effects of alkyne structure and concentration on the overall catalytic activity were systematically investigated. The catalytic activity of the metathesis active species can be tuned by varying alkyne substituents. Also, the initiation rate of the ROMP reaction can be tuned by increasing the alkyne‐to‐Ru ratio. ROMP polymers with a wide range of molecular weights (91–832 kDa) were isolated in organic media, whereas polymers with a molecular weight range of 110–280 kDa with average particle sizes of 150–250 nm were isolated in aqueous media. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of poly (ether‐block‐amide) mixed matrix membranes incorporated by nanoporous ZSM‐5 particles for CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Beiragh Hosna , Omidkhah Mohammadreza , Abedini Reza , Khosravi Tayebeh , Pakseresht Saeed 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this work, poly (ether‐block‐amide) (Pebax MH 1657) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared using nanoporous ZSM‐5 as a filler. The fabricated membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Effects of zeoilte loading (5, 10 and 15 wt. %), and feed pressure (1, 3 and 5 bar) on CO2/CH4 separation of MMMs were investigated using constant volume/variable pressure system. SEM analysis represents a proper morphology along with proper dispersion of ZSM‐5 particles within the polymer matrix. TGA analysis demonstrated that the thermal degradation temperature (Td) of MMMs increased by increasing the ZSM‐5 loading. The obtained experimental results showed that both permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity enhanced by addition of zeolite compared to neat Pebax. At low concentration of zeolite (5 wt. %), the CO2 permeability increased significantly from 122.4 Barrer to 217.9 Barrer at pressure of 1 bar. MMM that incorporated by 15 wt. % of zeolite showed the best CO2/CH4 selectivity of 33.9 at pressure of 1 bar. The CO2 permeability of MMM with 5 wt. % ZSM‐5 enhanced from 217.9 to 292.4 Barrer with increase in feed pressure from 1 to 5 bar. Copyright © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sorption characteristic of organic liquid and its effect on the mechanical performance of a PLA‐based plastic
Authors: Widiastuti Indah , Sbarski Igor , Masood SH 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe objective of this article is to assess the mechanical performance of PLA‐based materials under exposure of an organic liquid. In evaluating new opportunities of PLA‐based material, it is important to understand not only the chemical resistance of the material but also the potential route for degradation, which affect the mechanical behavior of the product during its service time. Degradation of PLA material with amount of sorption should be carefully controlled in order to maintain its mechanical performance in response to various loading condition. Distribution of the absorbed liquid within the package is firstly evaluated by identifying the characteristics of the mass transport. Gravimetric analysis is employed to investigate the liquid sorption mechanism and the induced expansion over a particular period. The profile of absorbed liquid content is numerically obtained and verified with the analytic solution. The changes in mechanical performances were investigated by measuring the properties of specimens containing saturated liquid content. It is found that at low temperature, the kinetics of liquid sorption follows the Fick's law but at higher temperature, it showed a deviation from the Fickian curve. The experiment results also confirm progressive decrease of the modulus and strength by increasing of fluid content inside the material. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43250.
Polysaccharide‐based membranes loaded with erythromycin for application as wound dressings
Authors: de Souza Renata Francielle Bombaldi , de Souza Fernanda Carla Bombaldi , Moraes Ângela Maria 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, the antibiotic erythromycin (Ery) was incorporated into chitosan (Ch)–alginate (A) and Ch–xanthan (X) membranes with the aim of using them as bioactive wound dressings. Drug incorporation was performed by direct addition (DA) to the polysaccharide mixture and by membrane impregnation in solution (IS). A higher incorporation efficiency was obtained for DA, but higher amounts of drug were loaded into membranes by the IS method (maxima ≈ 2.1 and 0.7 g/g for Ch–X and Ch–A, respectively) because the initial concentration of drug could be higher than that in the DA method. Ery release in phosphate‐buffered saline was slow, reaching about 12 and 32 mg of drug/g of membrane in 60 h for Ch–X and 4 and 16 mg/g for Ch–A by the DA and IS methods, respectively. With formulations prepared with IS, the required therapeutic dosage was reached within 60 h, whereas for those incorporating the drug by DA, prolonged use would be required. Both membrane types behaved as drug reservoirs, providing continuous antibiotic release to the wound site. Formulations with higher drug contents showed effective antibacterial activity against two species of bacteria commonly found in skin lesions, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and were thus potentially capable of protecting the wound site from bacterial attack. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43428.
Preparation and property investigation of crosslinked alginate/silicon dioxide nanocomposite films
Authors: Yang Manli , Xia Yanzhi , Wang Yingxia , Zhao Xihui , Xue Zhixin , Quan Fengyu , Geng Cunzhen , Zhao Zhihui 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTCrosslinked nanocomposite films of sodium alginate (SA) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) with different SiO2 loading values were prepared by in situ synthesis. Biocomposite films were produced by solution casting and solvent evaporation with glycerol as the plasticizer and calcium chloride as the crosslinking agent. The effects of the addition of nano silicon dioxide (nano‐SiO2) in SA on the microstructural, physical, mechanical, and optical properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized. The results show that nano‐SiO2 was dispersed homogeneously in the SA matrix; it thereby formed a strong interfacial interaction between the nano‐SiO2 particles and the matrix. The transparency of the bionanocomposite films was enhanced. Thermogravimetric analysis also revealed that nano‐SiO2 improved the thermal stability of the SA films. The incorporation of SiO2 further reduced the water vapor permeability and swelling degree and significantly increased the tensile strength and elongation, which are parameters important for packaging industries. Finally, the lower light transmission of UV light from 200 to 250 nm indicated that SA/SiO2 nanocomposite films could potentially be used to prevent lipid damage by UV light in food conservation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43489.
Changes in White Matter Microstructure Suggest an Inflammatory Origin of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Magro‐Checa César , Ercan Ece , Wolterbeek Ron , Emmer Bart , van der Wee Nic J. , Middelkoop Huub A. , Kruyt Nyika D. , Ronen Itamar , van Buchem Mark A. , Huizinga Tom W. , Steup‐Beekman Gerda M. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo assess white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) magnetization transfer ratio histogram peak heights (MTR‐HPHs) in different subsets of patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) who have unremarkable findings on 3T magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and to evaluate whether these values could be used to highlight different clinically suspected underlying pathogenic processes or identify the clinical NPSLE status or whether they could be associated with a specific NPSLE syndrome.MethodsSixty‐four SLE patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms were included. The initial NPSLE diagnosis and suspected underlying pathogenic process were established by multidisciplinary evaluation. The final diagnosis was made after also considering the disease course 6–18 months later. Thirty‐three patients with central nervous system (CNS) NPSLE and 31 SLE patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms unrelated to SLE (non–SLE‐related NP) were included. Twenty SLE patients without neuropsychiatric symptoms and 36 healthy control subjects were included for comparison. Differences in the WM and GM mean MTR‐HPHs and between the different NPSLE subgroups (CNS NPSLE diagnosis, NPSLE phenotype [inflammatory or ischemic], and clinical changes after treatment) and the relationship to NPSLE syndromes were evaluated.ResultsPatients with inflammatory NPSLE had significantly lower WM MTR‐HPHs than did the healthy controls, the SLE patients, and the non–SLE‐related NP patients. Cognitive disorder, mood disorder, and psychosis were related to lower WM MTR‐HPH values and cerebrovascular symptoms to higher values. Furthermore, the mean MTR‐HPHs in the WM increased when the clinical status of the NPSLE patients improved.ConclusionMeasurement of MTR‐HPH of the WM has the potential to identify inflammatory NPSLE with CNS involvement. This finding underscores the usefulness of this technique for the detection of cerebral changes in NPSLE patients and for the assessment of clinical changes after treatment.
Impact of Febuxostat on Renal Function in Gout Patients With Moderate‐to‐Severe Renal Impairment
Authors: Saag Kenneth G. , Whelton Andrew , Becker Michael A. , MacDonald Patricia , Hunt Barbara , Gunawardhana Lhanoo 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveRenal impairment is a risk factor for gout and a barrier to optimal gout management. We undertook this exploratory study to obtain data that have been heretofore limited regarding the safety and efficacy of febuxostat in patients with moderate‐to‐severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate [GFR] 15–50 ml/minute/1.73 m2).MethodsNinety‐six gout patients with moderate‐to‐severe renal impairment were enrolled in a 12‐month multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Patients were randomly assigned at a 1:1:1 ratio to receive 30 mg febuxostat twice daily, 40/80 mg febuxostat once daily, or placebo. The primary efficacy end point was the change in serum creatinine (Cr) level from baseline to month 12. Secondary end points included the change in estimated GFR from baseline to month 12 and the proportion of patients with a serum uric acid (UA) level of <6.0 mg/dl at month 12.ResultsAt month 12, there were no significant differences in the change in serum Cr level from baseline, or in the change in estimated GFR from baseline, in either febuxostat group compared to the placebo group. The proportion of patients with a serum UA level of <6.0 mg/dl at month 12 was significantly greater in both febuxostat groups compared to the placebo group (both P < 0.001). At least 1 treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) occurred in 78.1% of patients receiving 30 mg febuxostat twice daily, 87.5% of patients receiving 40/80 mg febuxostat once daily, and 78.1% of patients receiving placebo. TEAEs most frequently involved the categories of renal failure and impairment and renal function analyses.ConclusionFebuxostat proved to be efficacious in serum UA reduction and was well tolerated in gout patients with moderate‐to‐severe renal impairment. Patients randomly assigned to receive febuxostat demonstrated significantly lower serum UA levels and no significant deterioration in renal function.
Figure analysis: An implementation dialogue
Authors: Wiles Amy M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFigure analysis is a novel active learning teaching technique that reinforces visual literacy. Small groups of students discuss diagrams in class in order to learn content. The instructor then gives a brief introduction and later summarizes the content of the figure. This teaching technique can be used in place of lecture as a mechanism to deliver information to students. Here, a “how to” guide is presented in the form of an in‐class dialogue, displaying the difficulties in visual interpretation that some students may experience while figure analysis is being implemented in an upper‐level, cell biology course. Additionally, the dialogue serves as a guide for instructors who may implement the active learning technique as they consider how to respond to students' concerns in class. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44(4):345–348, 2016.
Practical Application of CO2 as a Viscosity Index Improver for Lubricants
Authors: Pohrer Benjamin , Killmann Iris , Zuercher Manuel , Schlücker Eberhard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn terms of reducing power losses and ensuring optimal lubrication, a high viscosity index is crucial for lubricants exposed to changing load or temperature conditions. Several studies suggest that an enormous improvement of the viscosity‐temperature characteristics could be achieved by the application of dissolved CO2 on various base oils. The direct link between the applied pressure and the lubricant viscosity offers the possibility of adjustable and thus tunable lubricants. The practical implementation of dissolved CO2 as a viscosity index improver is investigated on a roller bearing test rig. The results indicate a significant reduction of power losses and show that it is possible to influence the friction condition in the rolling contact through viscosity adaptation.
Precise Urea/Water Eutectic Composition by Temperature‐Resolved Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Yuan Lina , Clevers Simon , Couvrat Nicolas , Cartigny Yohann , Dupray Valérie , Coquerel Gérard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe use of temperature‐resolved second harmonic generation (TR‐SHG) to determine the accurate eutectic composition between urea and water is illustrated. The TR‐SHG results were confirmed with differential scanning calorimetry and thermal stage microscopy observations. Due to the sensitivity of this technique, by precisely differentiating the liquidus temperature and the eutectic temperature, the eutectic composition was determined to be between 32.8 and 32.9 wt %, compared to 32.5 wt % for the commercial aqueous urea solution marketed for NOx concentration reduction. This study demonstrates that TR‐SHG is a promising tool for precisely determining the eutectic compositions of binary systems involving at least one non‐centrosymmetric phase.
Survival of the Fittest Nanojar: Stepwise Breakdown of Polydisperse Cu27−Cu31 Nanojar Mixtures into Monodisperse Cu27(CO3) and Cu31(SO4) Nanojars
Authors: Ahmed Basil M. , Szymczyna Blair R. , Jianrattanasawat Sarut , Surmann Stuart A. , Mezei Gellert 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNanojars are emerging as a class of anion sequestration agents of unparalleled efficiency. Dinegative oxoanions (e.g., carbonate, sulfate) template the formation of a series of homologous nanojars [Cu(OH)(pyrazolato)]n (n=27–31). Pyridine selectively transforms less stable, larger CO32− nanojars (n=30, 31) into more stable, smaller ones (n=27, 29), but leaves all SO42− nanojars (n=27–29, 31) intact. Ammonia, in turn, transforms all less stable nanojars into the most stable one and allows the isolation of pure [CO32−⊂{Cu(OH)(pz)}27] and [SO42−⊂{Cu(OH)(pz)}31]. A comprehensive picture of the solution and solid‐state intricacies of nanojars was revealed by a combination of variable temperature NMR spectroscopy, tandem mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Theoretical Analysis of the Non‐Centrosymmetric Bismuth Oxyfluoride, Bi7F11O5.
Authors: Hu Wei , Shan Pai , Sun Tongqing , Liu Hongde , Zhang Jianming , Liu Xuanwen , Kong Yongfa , Xu Jingjun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe title compound is hydrothermally prepared from an aqueous mixture of Bi(NO3)3 and ZnF2 (autoclave, 200 °C, 72 h, 90% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Multiferroic Properties of Hexagonal Ba3Ti2MnO9.
Authors: Wang X. X. , Cheng X. Y. , Lin Y. , Ma C. , Ruan K. Q. , Li X. G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPolycrystalline hexagonal Ba3Ti2MnO9 is prepared by calcination of BaCO3, TiO2, and MnO2 in air (alumina crucible, 1673 K, 12 h) followed by 6 h sintering at the same temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Rhodium‐Doped Barium Titanate Nanocrystals for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution under Visible Light.
Authors: Nishioka Shunta , Maeda Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBaTiO3:Rh nanocrystals are prepared by hydrothermal reaction of Ba(OH)2, TiO2, and Rh(NO3)3 (autoclave, 433 K, 42 h) followed by heat treatment (873—1423 K, 7 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the New Rare‐Earth Borosilicates Pr3BSi2O10 and Tb3BSi2O10.
Authors: Braeuchle Sebastian , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLn3BSi2O10 (Ln: Pr, Tb) are prepared by radio‐frequency heating of a 3:1:5:4:2 molar mixture of Pr6O11 (Tb4O7), B2O3, H3BO3, SiO2, and Si3N4 under N2 (BN crucible, 1600 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Solvothermal Synthetic Route Yields the New Thiostannate [La(dien)3]2 [Sn2S6]Cl2.
Authors: Pienack Nicole , Luehmann Henning , Naether Christian , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: February 2016

Abstract[La(dien)3]2 [Sn2S6]Cl2 (dien: diethylenetriamine) is obtained under solvothermal conditions using cystamine dihydrochloride as the sulfur source together with SnCl2, La(OH)3, and dien (autoclave, 170 °C, 120 h; 50% yield based on La(OH)3).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structure, Electrochemistry and Luminescence Properties of Lanthano‐Germanotungstates.
Authors: Gupta Rakesh , Hussain Firasat , Behera J. N. , Bossoh Amoassi Martin , Mbomekalle Israel Martyr , de Oliveira Pedro 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNa3K10 [La(α‐GeW11O39)2] ·27H2O(I), Na3K10 [Ce(α‐GeW11O39)2] ·28H2O (II) and the acetate‐bridged hybrid dimeric complexes Na6K6 [{Pr(μ‐OAc)GeW11O39(H2O)}2] ·25H2O (III), Na4K8 [{Nd(μ‐OAc)GeW11O39(H2O)}2] ·22H2O (IV), and Na3K9 [{Sm(μ‐OAc)GeW11O39(H2O)}2] ·19H2O (V) are prepared by reacting a trilacunary Na10[GeW9O34] precursor with Ln(NO3)3 (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) in a KOAc buffer at pH 4.7 followed by slow solvent evaporation (60 °C, 1 h; yields of 53—59% after 4—5 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Iodocyclization of N‐Tosyl Alkenamides Using Aminoiminophenoxy Copper Carboxylate: A Concise Synthesis of Chiral 8‐Oxa‐6‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes.
Authors: Arai Takayoshi , Watanabe Ohji , Yabe Shinnosuke , Yamanaka Masahiro 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe novel iodocyclization of alkenamides affords O‐cyclized products with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Isocyanoacetate to 3‐Methyl‐4‐nitro‐5‐styrylisoxazoles under Phase Transfer Catalysis Conditions.
Authors: Disetti Paolo , Moccia Maria , Salazar Illera Diana , Suresh Surisetti , Adamo Mauro F. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe reaction of styrylisoxazoles (I) with ethyl isocyanoacetate (II) in the presence of N‐benzylcinchonidinium bromides TFCB or DTBC leads to diastereomeric mixtures of isocyanates (III), which are readily cyclized with N‐ethyldiisopropylamine to afford chiral 2,3‐dihydropyrroles as a single diastereomer with good to high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile, Convenient, and Green Route to (E)‐Propenylbenzene Flavors and Fragrances by Alkene Isomerization.
Authors: Larsen Casey R. , Paulson Erik R. , Erdogan Gulin , Grotjahn Douglas B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe very effective scalable isomerization reactions are performed in the presence of either a homogeneous Ru‐catalyst or polymer‐supported analogues thereof.