bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status of primary pharmacotherapy and future perspectives toward upfront therapy for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Shiota Masaki , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSince 1941, androgen deprivation therapy has been the primary treatment for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation therapy consists of several regimens that vary according to therapeutic modality, as well as treatment schedule. Androgen deprivation therapy initially shows excellent antitumor effects, such as relief of cancer‐related symptoms, tumor marker decline and tumor shrinking. However, most metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer cases eventually develop castration resistance and become lethal. Taxanes, such as docetaxel and cabazitaxel, as well as novel androgen receptor‐targeting agents, such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide, have emerged for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. The concept and principle of primary therapy for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer has remained unchanged for decades. Recently, upfront docetaxel chemotherapy has been shown to prolong overall survival in men with metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer, and would lead to a paradigm shift in primary pharmacotherapy for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer. This raises the possibility of upfront use of taxanes, as well as novel androgen receptor‐targeting agents combined with androgen deprivation therapy. The present review summarizes the current status of primary pharmacotherapy for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer, and discusses future perspectives in this field.
Effect of autologous muscle‐derived cells in the treatment of urinary incontinence in female patients with intrinsic sphincter deficiency and epispadias: A prospective study
Authors: Sharifiaghdas Farzaneh , Tajalli Farzam , Taheri Maryam , Naji Mohammad , Moghadasali Reza , Aghdami Nasser , Baharvand Hossein , Azimian Vajihe , Jaroughi Neda 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of autologous muscle‐derived cells injection in the treatment of complicated stress urinary incontinence in female patients.MethodsFemale patients presenting with severe and complicated stress urinary incontinence secondary to the bladder neck and/or urethral trauma or congenital epispadias (with or without exstrophy) were enrolled in this prospective study. They underwent transurethral injection of autologous muscle‐derived cells. In selected cases, another injection was given after 6 months, as per the surgeon's assessment. All patients were monitored for 1 year, and the effect of autologous muscle‐derived cells was evaluated by cough stress test, 1‐h pad test and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire‐short form score. A multichannel urodynamic study and maximum urethral closure pressure were carried out before and 12 months after the last treatment session. Cough stress test, 1‐h pad test and uroflowmetry were repeated 36 months after the last injection. Severity and occurrence of complications were recorded at each visit.ResultsAll 10 patients who completed the study were monitored for 36 months. Three patients were cured, four had improved and three did not respond to the treatment. There was no major adverse effect related to the treatment.ConclusionsMuscle‐derived cell therapy might represent a minimally‐invasive and a safe procedure in the treatment of patients with severe and complicated stress urinary incontinence.
Feasibility check for the distance geometry problem: an application to molecular conformations
Authors: Agra Agostinho , Figueiredo Rosa , Lavor Carlile , Maculan Nelson , Pereira António , Requejo Cristina 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe distance geometry problem (DGP) consists in finding an embedding in a metric space of a given weighted undirected graph such that for each edge in the graph, the corresponding distance in the embedding belongs to a given distance interval. We discuss the relationship between the existence of a graph embedding in a Euclidean space and the existence of a graph embedding in a lattice. Different approaches, including two integer programming (IP) models and a constraint programming (CP) approach, are presented to test the feasibility of the DGP. The two IP models are improved with the inclusion of valid inequalities, and the CP approach is improved using an algorithm to perform a domain reduction. The main motivation for this work is to derive new pruning devices within branch‐and‐prune algorithms for instances occurring in real applications related to determination of molecular conformations, which is a particular case of the DGP. A computational study based on a set of small‐sized instances from molecular conformations is reported. This study compares the running times of the different approaches to check feasibility.
Maize supply response to price and nonprice determinants in Nigeria: bounds testing approach
Authors: Ogundari Kolawole 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper estimates the responses of maize supply to own price, price of yam, price of cassava, rainfall, and fertilizer use in Nigeria using a fully modified ordinary least squares and ordinary least squares estimators. I find that in the long run, maize supply responds significantly and positively to own price and yam price, rainfall, and fertilizer use, but negatively to the price of cassava. I observe that the short‐run supply responds only to the fertilizer use and rainfall, which are positive and negative, respectively.
Conceptualizing nurses' night work: an inductive content analysis
Authors: West Sandra , Rudge Trudy , Mapedzahama Virginia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimTo develop a conceptual model of nurse‐identified effects of night work.BackgroundStudies designed to predict shift work tolerance are frequently unsuccessful in incorporating the intersections between physiological, psychological and social issues involved in such work. Where nurses have been the participants of such studies they have rarely been involved in ways that would allow their points of view to be heard directly. Consequently, the issues of personal importance to nurses as shift and night workers in 24/7 organizations are rarely identified in discussions about that work.DesignInductive qualitative content analysis.MethodsSurvey responses were provided by 1355 night working RNs employed in a state/public health system in 2012. Data derived from open‐ended questions about nurses’ own perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of night work are analysed here.ResultsFour main categories providing a descriptive summary of the major elements of nurses’ night work were identified: ‘Lives’ and ‘Bodies’ of night working nurses, the ‘Work’ of nurses at night and the nurses’ ‘Workplace’ at night.ConclusionThe work nurses undertake at night, and the demanding organizational and clinical environments where they do this are uniquely related to the time of day that this work occurs. The Nurses’ Night Work model deconstructs the established binary considerations of the lives and bodies of workers to permit a 24/7‐based consideration of nurses’ night work and its frequently unacknowledged relationship with the day work required of the same nurses when working a rapidly but randomly rotating shift work schedule.
Use of Munsell color charts to measure skin tone objectively in nursing home residents at risk for pressure ulcer development
Authors: McCreath Heather E. , Bates‐Jensen Barbara M. , Nakagami Gojiro , Patlan Anabel , Booth Howard , Connolly Dana , Truong Cyndi , Woldai Agazi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimsTo assess the feasibility of classifying skin tone using Munsell color chart values and to compare Munsell‐based skin tone categories to ethnicity/race to predict pressure ulcer risk.BackgroundPressure ulcer classification uses level of visible tissue damage, including skin discoloration over bony prominences. Prevention begins with early detection of damage. Skin discoloration in those with dark skin tones can be difficult to observe, hindering early detection.DesignObservational cohort of 417 nursing home residents from 19 nursing homes collected between 2009–2014, with weekly skin assessments for up to 16 weeks.MethodsAssessment included forearm and buttocks skin tone based on Munsell values (Dark, Medium, Light) at three time points, ethnicity/race medical record documentation, and weekly skin assessment on trunk and heels.ResultsInter‐rater reliability was high for forearm and buttock values and skin tone. Mean Munsell buttocks values differed significantly by ethnicity/race. Across ethnicity/race, Munsell value ranges overlapped, with the greatest range among African Americans. Trunk pressure ulcer incidence varied by skin tone, regardless of ethnicity/race. In multinomial regression, skin tone was more predictive of skin damage than ethnicity/race for trunk locations but ethnicity/race was more predictive for heels.ConclusionsGiven the overlap of Munsell values across ethnicity/race, color charts provide more objective measurement of skin tone than demographic categories. An objective measure of skin tone can improve pressure ulcer risk assessment among patients for whom current clinical guidelines are less effective.
From the Namib around the world: biogeography of the Inuleae–Plucheinae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Nylinder Stephan , Razafimandimbison Sylvain G. , Anderberg Arne A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimWe investigated the historical biogeography of the Inuleae–Plucheinae (Asteraceae), a group of arid‐adapted plants with partly unresolved generic circumscriptions, in order to understand its origin and spatiotemporal evolutionary history in relation to the Cenozoic climate shifts.LocationGlobal, with highest species diversity in the Southern Hemisphere.MethodsThe spatiotemporal biogeography of the Plucheinae was estimated by both a discrete method using a set of general distribution areas, and a relaxed random walk based on extant species distributions. The topology was time calibrated using a combination of secondary node ages and secondary derived rates for included loci.ResultsOur results indicate the median age of the Plucheinae to be approximately 15.4 Ma. The biogeographical analyses infer an ancestral origin in southern Africa, with the relaxed random walk analysis narrowing the uncertainty down to an area reaching from coastal Namibia to the western Kalahari. Africa was colonized in a (south)western–(north)eastern direction following the spread of arid habitats. Ancestral representatives of the Plucheinae colonized South America on at least three separate occasions (13.0–4.0, 4.3–3.1 and 4.1–3.7 Ma), with one subsequent spread to North America. Australia was colonized three times between 3.6 and 0.4 Ma. Madagascar and the Mascarenes were colonized at least seven times.Main conclusionsThe origin of the Plucheinae is estimated to the Namib region, with early speciations and radiations concurring with the timing of aridification of southern Africa, following the increase in strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and subsequent formation of the Benguela Upwelling at c. 11.8 Ma. The current biogeographical distribution of the Plucheinae is best explained by several Neogene long‐distance dispersal events from tropical Africa.
Cytochrome P450 1A1 gene polymorphisms and digestive tract cancer susceptibility: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Ren Anjing , Qin Tingting , Wang Qianqian , Du Haina , Zhong Donghua , Hua Yibing , Zhu Lingjun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is a phase I enzyme that regulates the metabolism of environmental carcinogens and alter the susceptibility to various cancers. Many studies have investigated the association between the CYP1A1 MspI and Ile462Val polymorphisms and digestive tract cancer (DTC) risk in different groups of populations, but their results were inconsistent. The PubMed and Embase Database were searched for case–control studies published up to 30th September, 2015. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the relationship. Totally, 39 case–control studies (9094 cases and 12,487 controls) were included. The G allele in Ile/Val polymorphism was significantly associated with elevated DTC risk with per‐allele OR of 1.24 (95% CI = 1.09–1.41, P = 0.001). Similar results were also detected under the other genetic models. Evidence was only found to support an association between MspI polymorphism and DTC in the subgroups of caucasian and mixed individuals, but not in the whole population (the dominant model: OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.94–1.91, P = 0.146). In conclusion, our results suggest that the CYP1A1 polymorphisms are potential risk factors for DTC. And large sample size and well‐designed studies with detailed clinical information are needed to more precisely evaluate our founding.
Bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit gastric aspiration lung injury and inflammation in rats
Authors: Zhou Jing , Jiang Liyan , Long Xuan , Fu Cuiping , Wang Xiangdong , Wu Xiaodan , Liu Zilong , Zhu Fen , Shi Jindong , Li Shanqun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGastric aspiration lung injury is one of the most common clinical events. This study investigated the effects of bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on combined acid plus small non‐acidified particle (CASP)‐induced aspiration lung injury. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP+) or EGFP− BMSCs or 15d‐PGJ2 were injected via the tail vein into rats immediately after CASP‐induced aspiration lung injury. Pathological changes in lung tissues, blood gas analysis, the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of the lung, levels of total proteins and number of total cells and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. The cytokine levels were measured using ELISA. Protein expression was determined by Western blot. Bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells treatment significantly reduced alveolar oedema, exudation and lung inflammation; increased the arterial partial pressure of oxygen; and decreased the W/D of the lung, the levels of total proteins and the number of total cells and neutrophils in BALF in the rats with CASP‐induced lung injury. Bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells treatment decreased the levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α and Cytokine‐induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)‐1 and the expression of p‐p65 and increased the levels of interleukin‐10 and 15d‐PGJ2 and the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ in the lung tissue in CASP‐induced rats. Tumour necrosis factor‐α stimulated BMSCs to secrete 15d‐PGJ2. A tracking experiment showed that EGFP+ BMSCs were able to migrate to local lung tissues. Treatment with 15d‐PGJ2 also significantly inhibited CASP‐induced lung inflammation and the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Our results show that BMSCs can protect lung tissues from gastric aspiration injury and inhibit lung inflammation in rats. A beneficial effect might be achieved through BMSC‐derived 15d‐PGJ2 activation of the PPAR‐γ receptor, reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines.
Periodontal health in breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors versus postmenopausal controls: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Eagle Iwonka , Benavides Erika , Eber Robert , Kolenic Giselle , Jung Younghun , Van Poznak Catherine , Taichman L. Susan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimThis study was conducted to determine periodontal changes in postmenopausal breast cancer (BCa) survivors using aromatase inhibitors (AI) as compared to postmenopausal women without BCa.MethodsAn 18‐month prospective examination of periodontal health in postmenopausal women (29 receiving AI therapy; 29 women without BCa) was conducted at University of Michigan. Comprehensive periodontal examinations including alveolar bone height (ABH) were conducted at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. Bisphosphonate, vitamin D, and calcium supplementation were collected via chart review. Linear mixed models were utilized to investigate the relationship between AI and periodontal measures.ResultsAromatase inhibitor users had significantly deeper probing depths, more dental plaque and clinical attachment loss as compared to controls at the 6, 12, and 18 month study visits (p < 0.05). ABH loss was seen over time within the AI group. The linear mixed model showed a significant effect of time as well as an interaction between aromatase inhibitor use and calcium supplement status. AI users taking calcium experienced less ABH loss over the study than AI users not taking calcium (p = 0.005).ConclusionAromatase inhibitor therapy has a negative impact on the periodontal health of postmenopausal BCa patients. Calcium supplementation appears to mitigate ABH loss in women on AI.
Stabilizing survival selection on presenescent expression of a sexual ornament followed by a terminal decline
Authors: Simons M. J. P. , Briga M. , Verhulst S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSenescence is a decrease in functional capacity, increasing mortality rate with age. Sexual signals indicate functional capacity, because costs of ornamentation ensure signal honesty, and are therefore expected to senesce, tracking physiological deterioration and mortality. For sexual traits, mixed associations with age and positive associations with life expectancy have been reported. However, whether these associations are caused by selective disappearance and/or within‐individual senescence of sexual signals, respectively, is not known. We previously reported that zebra finches with redder bills had greater life expectancy, based on a single bill colour measurement per individual. We here extend this analysis using longitudinal data and show that this finding is attributable to terminal declines in bill redness in the year before death, with no detectable change in presenescent redness. Additionally, there was a quadratic relationship between presenescent bill colouration and survival: individuals with intermediate bill redness have maximum survival prospects. This may reflect that redder individuals overinvest in colouration and/or associated physiological changes, while below‐average bill redness probably reflects poorer phenotypic quality. Together, this pattern suggests that bill colouration is defended against physiological deterioration, because of mate attraction benefits, or that physiological deterioration is not a gradual process, but accelerates sharply prior to death. We discuss these possibilities in the context of the reliability theory of ageing and sexual selection.
Clinical consequences of polymerase chain reaction‐based diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections
Authors: Rijsman Lucas H , Monkelbaan Jan F , Kusters Johannes G 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe implementation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based diagnostics of intestinal protozoa has led to higher sensitivity and (subtype) specificity, more convenient sampling, and the possibility for high‐throughput screening. PCR for routine detection of human intestinal protozoa in fecal samples is used by an increasing number of clinical laboratories. This paper discusses the recent developments in the diagnosis of intestinal protozoa, with an emphasis on PCR‐based diagnostics. Although many reviews have described the technical aspects of PCR‐based diagnostics, this review focuses on the clinical consequences that result from the shift from microscopic toward PCR‐based diagnostics. Despite its undisputed superiority, the use of PCR comes with challenges that clinicians should be aware of.
Effect of Potentially Inappropriate Use of Antimuscarinic Medications on Healthcare Use and Cost in Individuals with Overactive Bladder
Authors: Suehs Brandon T. , Davis Cralen , Franks Billy , Yuran Thomas E. , Ng Daniel , Bradt Jason , Knispel John , Vassilakis Maria , Berner Todd 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo examine potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use in older adults initiating an antimuscarinic medication for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB).DesignRetrospective database analysis.SettingMedical and pharmacy claims data.ParticipantsMedicare Advantage Prescription Drug Plan members aged 65 and older newly initiated on an antimuscarinic OAB treatment were identified and assigned to PIM and non‐PIM comparison groups based on 2012 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria and/or the presence of an anticholinergic medication interaction at the time of initiation of treatment (N = 66,275).MeasurementsHealthcare costs and OAB medication use.ResultsOf members initiated on an antimuscarinic OAB medication, 31.1% had a drug–drug or drug–disease or syndrome interaction. Dementia was the most common disease or syndrome interaction (11.3%), followed by constipation (8.6%) and delirium (2.9%). Paroxetine (2.6%), amitriptyline (2.2%), cyclobenzaprine (1.7%), and meclizine (1.6%) were the most common interacting medications. Subjects in the PIM group had greater healthcare costs over 12 months of follow‐up ($12,001) than those in the non‐PIM group ($9,373) after controlling for baseline characteristics (P < .001). There was no difference between the PIM and the non‐PIM groups in odds of discontinuing OAB treatment at 12 months after controlling for baseline characteristics (odds ratio = 0.98, 95% confidence interval = 0.89–1.07, P = .63).ConclusionPotentially inappropriate medication use was highly prevalent and was associated with greater total healthcare costs. Providers should carefully consider medical history and concurrent medication use when initiating antimuscarinic medication for the treatment of OAB. Development of interventions to reduce potentially inappropriate use of antimuscarinics in individuals with OAB is warranted.
Mitigation of sensory and motor deficits by acrolein scavenger phenelzine in a rat model of spinal cord contusive injury
Authors: Chen Zhe , Park Jonghyuck , Butler Breanne , Acosta Glen , Vega‐Alvarez Sasha , Zheng Lingxing , Tang Jonathan , McCain Robyn , Zhang Wenpeng , Ouyang Zheng , Cao Peng , Shi Riyi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCurrently there are no effective therapies available for the excruciating neuropathic pain that develops after spinal cord injuries (SCI). As such, a great deal of effort is being put into the investigation of novel therapeutic targets that can alleviate this pain. One such target is acrolein, a highly reactive aldehyde produced as a byproduct of oxidative stress and inflammation that is capable of activating the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) cation channel, known to be involved in the transmission and propagation of chronic neuropathic pain. One anti‐acrolein agent, hydralazine, has already been shown to reduce neuropathic pain behaviors and offer neuroprotection after SCI. This study investigates another acrolein scavenger, phenelzine, for its possible role of alleviating sensory hypersensitivity through acrolein suppression. The results show that phenelzine is indeed capable of attenuating neuropathic pain behaviors in acute, delayed, and chronic administration schedules after injury in a rat model of SCI. In addition, upon the comparison of hydralazine to phenelzine, both acrolein scavengers displayed a dose‐dependent response in the reduction of acrolein in vivo. Finally, phenelzine proved capable of providing locomotor function recovery and neuroprotection of spinal cord tissue when administered immediately after injury for 2 weeks. These results indicate that phenelzine may be an effective treatment for neuropathic pain after SCI and likely a viable alternative to hydralazine.
imageWe have shown that phenelzine can attenuate neuropathic pain behavior in acute, delayed, and chronic administration in post‐SCI rats. This was accompanied by a dose‐dependent reduction in an acrolein metabolite in urine and an acrolein adduct in spinal cord tissue, and the suppression of TRPA1 over‐expression in central and peripheral locations post‐trauma. Acrolein scavenging might be a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce post‐SCI neuropathic pain.