bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid Characterization of White, Dark, and Milk Chocolates by FT-Raman Spectroscopy and Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
Authors: de Oliveira Leandra Natália , Castro Jesus Coelho de Renata , de Oliveira Marcone Augusto Leal , de Oliveira Luiz Fernando C 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
There are few studies about different types of chocolate and their chemical characterization by Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid profile of different types of Brazilian chocolate through characterization by FT-Raman spectroscopy and identification and quantification of major fatty acids (FAs) by CZE to confirm FT-Raman spectrometry results. It was found that the main spectroscopic profile difference of the chocolate samples analyzed was related to the presence of saturated or unsaturated FAs. Well defined bands at approximately 1660, 1267, and 1274 cm–1 corresponding to vibrational modes of unsaturated FAs (UnFAs) were found only in the spectra of samples with cocoa butter in their composition according to label specifications, mainly in dark chocolate samples. The FA identification and quantification by CZE found the presence of stearic (18:0) and palmitic (16:0) acids as the major saturated FAs in all chocolate samples. Dark chocolate samples showed the highest levels of oleic (cis-9 18:1) and linoleic (cis, cis -9,12 18:2) UnFAs monitored and the lowest levels of 14:0 in their chemical composition. Samples coded as 02 (with not only cocoa butter in their composition according to label) had the highest levels of 14:0 (FA not present in cocoa butter composition) corresponding to label information and inferring the presence of other fat sources, called cocoa butter substitutes, mainly for milk and white chocolate samples. This study suggests FT-Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique that can be used to chemically characterize the chocolate lipid fraction, and CZE is a tool able to confirm Raman spectroscopy results and identify and quantify the major FAs in chocolate samples.
A Highly Sensitive Oligonucleotide Hybridization Assay for Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase with the Probes on a Gold Nanoparticles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Pan Hong-Zhi , Yu Hong- Wei , Wang Na , Zhang Ze , Wan Guang-Cai , Liu Hao , Guan Xue , Chang Dong 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
To develop a new electrochemical DNA biosensor for determination of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase, a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensor for DNA detection was constructed based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with gold nanoparticles (Au-nano). The Au-nano/GCE was characterized by scanning electromicroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The hybridization detection was measured by differential pulse voltammetry using methylene blue as the hybridization indicator. The dynamic range of detection of the sensor for the target DNA sequences was from 1 × 10–11 to 1 × 10–8 M, with an LOD of 1 × 10–12 M. The DNA biosensor had excellent specificity for distinguishing complementary DNA sequence in the presence of non-complementary and mismatched DNA sequence. The Au-nano/GCE showed significant improvement in electrochemical characteristics, and this biosensor was successfully applied for determination of K. pneumoniae.
Determination of Isoflavone Content in SRM 3238 Using Liquid Chromatography-Particle Beam/Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Lynn X , Burdette Carolyn Q , Phillips Melissa M , Rimmer Catherine A , Marcus R Kenneth 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The characterization of marker components in botanical materials is a challenging task, and the increased consumption of botanicals and dietary supplements demands a greater understanding of the associated health benefits and risks. In order to successfully acquire and compare clinical results and correlate health trends, accurate, precise, and validated methods of analysis must be developed. Presented here is the development of a quantitative method for the determination of soy isoflavones (daidzin, glycitin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein) using LC-particle beam/electron ionization-MS (LC-PB/EIMS). An internal standard (IS) approach for quantitation with 7-hydroxy-4- chromone as the IS compound was used, with response factors for each individual isoflavone obtained from calibrant solutions. The results from this method were compared with the certified and reference values for National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SRM 3238 Soy-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form to demonstrate that the method was in control. Results obtained using LC-PB/EIMS were consistent with the NIST certified or reference values and their uncertainties for all five isoflavones, demonstrating that the LC-PB/EIMS approach is both accurate and precise when used for the determination of the target isoflavones in soy-containing dietary supplement finished products while simultaneously providing structural information.
Rapid Electroanalytical Method for Determination of Nebivolol at a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Nigović Biljana , Mornar Ana , Završki Mario 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A boron-doped diamond electrode provided a sensitive and cost-effective sensing platform for detection and quantitative determination of novel beta(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonist nebivolol. The net square-wave voltammetric response at 1.31 V related to the oxidation of nebivolol was obtained in Britton-Robinson buffer solution at pH 8. It increased linearly with the drug concentration in the range of 2.5 × 10–7 to 1.5 × 10–5 M. The LOD attained was 3.2 × 10–8 M. The practical analytical approach was illustrated by high speed quantification of nebivolol in a commercial pharmaceutical formulation. The RP-HPLC was selected as a comparative method for evaluating the proposed electroanalytical method. The newly developed method at the unmodified electrode surface was faster and simpler in comparison with HPLC (the retention time was 17.6 min), and only 6 s was necessary for direct voltammetric measurement in the potential range from 0.5 to 1.7 V with a 2 mV potential step and pulse frequency of 100 Hz.
Reservoir Fluid Characterization for Miscible Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Gunda Dhiraj , Ampomah William , Grigg Reid , Balch Robert 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
CO2 injection is an effective method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The Pennsylvanian Morrowan sequence of the panhandle of Texas through Southeast Colorado in the United States currently presents an opportunity for CO2 EOR and carbon sequestration. The Farnsworth Unit (FWU) of Ochiltree County, Texas operated by Chaparral Energy L.L.C. is the site of a CO2-EOR project using anthropogenic CO2. The Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration is working closely with Chaparral Energy to study the effectiveness of large-scale CO2 injection into the FWU.
This paper presents the reservoir fluid model for the FWU. It includes a comprehensive PVT analysis of fluid that has been tuned to an equation of state (EOS) with 9 components. After tuning, the experimental and simulated data had an excellent match. A series of slim tube simulated experiments were carried out to determine the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP). The C7+ fractions were split into two pseudo-components with appropriate critical properties without affecting the actual fluid properties. This aided in optimizing the predictions even while using fewer pseudo components to characterize the fluid.
Simulation of the MMP using the EOS tuned fluid was conducted and the predicted MMP was close to the experimental value with an error less than five percent. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted with varying impurities in the CO2 injection fluid to analyze the effect of recycle gas on the MMP.
The approach used in this study demonstrated an improved strategy in lumping and splitting of compositions to ensure accuracy in reservoir fluid characterization.

Introduction
Fluid characterization plays an important role in the compositional simulation of enhanced oil recovery processes (EOR) like miscible gas flooding. Black oil models do not efficiently deal with the complexities of phase behavior in the case of compositional modelling. This makes the use of compositional fluid characterization essential.
Process Engineering Perspectives on CO2 Capture Technology Development
Authors: Sexton Andrew , Douglas Austyn , Fisher Kevin , McKaskle Ray 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper provides a broad overview of CO2 capture technologies from the perspective of the process engineer who is challenged to develop, evaluate, and scale these technologies up from laboratory, bench, and pilot-scale to full-scale, commercial applications. The CO2 capture problem is stated in process engineering terms, and implications of the source characteristics including composition, temperature, pressure, flow, and the variability of these characteristics - and corresponding CO2 purity/delivery specifications for various end users - are analyzed. The process engineer's tasks are described in terms of the wide range of process engineering activities that are involved, ranging from experimental data collection and process simulation, process and equipment design, and economic analyses, along with the challenges that each task presents. The nature and importance of the universal thermodynamic constraints and resulting minimum energy requirements that govern all CO2 capture process are described, and the need to integrate the CO2 capture process with the CO2 source process and CO2 use or storage locations is explored. CO2 capture technologies are categorized and compared in terms of the key process design parameters that affect each group of processes in a different way, revealing the various process advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches. Capture approaches that are discussed include chemical and physical absorption, chemical and physical adsorption along with temperature, pressure, and vacuum regeneration approaches, organic and inorganic membranes, cryogenic separation, as well as emerging approaches including chemical looping, electrochemical, and microbial capture technologies. Equipment challenges such as the physical size of mass and heat transfer devices, mechanical limitations on compression technology, and materials of construction issues are described. Conventional methods of estimating and comparing capital and operating costs among CO2 capture technologies are reviewed.
Billedprogrammet på Trondenes: Den hellige Anna – sjømennenes og rikdommens beskytter
Authors: Bergesen Rognald Heiseldal 
Published: December 2015

<p>The interior of the parish church at Trondenes in Harstad in Northern Norway is one of the best-preserved medieval interiors in Scandinavia. Four of its reredos have survived, three of them <em>in situ</em>. A significant characteristic of the decoration in the church is the pronounced presence of St. Anne and the Holy Kinship. The article explores the roles of these motifs in the iconography at Trondenes. Even though there are no sources related to the specific religious use of these motifs at Trondenes, our general knowledge of their cult elsewhere in Europe suggests how they might have been used in Trondenes. Among ordinary people in the medieval Northern Germany, the cult of Saint Anne and the Holy Kinship were related to the protection of sailors and to secure the growth of their income, as well as to protect against diseases. Usually these motifs were found in maritime, urban regions. St. Anne was regarded as a role model for the middle class women, and the Holy Kinship as a “self-image” of the trading middle class. Trondenes is the main Church in a large maritime region. In the late middle ages the fisheries along the coastline provided large incomes to the chapter of the Cathedral of Nidaros who owned Trondenes and to the local merchants at Trondenes. In such circumstances it is reasonable that the presence of St. Anne and the Holy Kinship at Trondenes was related to the protection of local sailors and to the growth of income from the fisheries. </p>
Den umulige hage: Rom og tid i hagemotivet i Livias villa
Authors: Olaussen Hege 
Published: December 2015

<p>The article discusses representations of time and space in the frescoes in the garden room of Empress Livia's villa at Prima Porta, near Rome. The frescoes, dated to ca 30–20 B.C., decorates an underground chamber in a vast villa-complex and show an "impossible garden" in that its vegetation is simultaneously and continuously flowering, without any realistic connection to time. Through analysis of the vegetation's spatial organization, the representation of birds and the chamber's placement in the villa-complex, the article examines the significance of the garden, be it real or imaginary, as an arena for instilling and expressing Roman civic values and duties. It addresses the potential relevance of the villa's imperial connection and questions whether the frescoes are to be read as expressions of "art of the state" or "state of the art".</p>
Fabrication of Ag nanowire and Al-doped ZnO hybrid transparent electrodes
Authors: You Sslimsearom , Park Yong Seo , Choi Hyung Wook , Kim Kyung Hwan 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Among the materials used as transparent electrodes, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have attracted attention because of their high transmittance and excellent conductivity. However, AgNWs have shortcomings, including their poor adhesion, oxidation by atmospheric oxygen, and unstable characteristics at high temperature. To overcome these shortcomings, multi-layer thin films with an aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO)/AgNW/AZO structure were fabricated using facing targets sputtering. The samples heated to 350 °C exhibited stable electrical characteristics. In addition, the adhesion to the substrate was improved compared with AgNWs layer. The AZO/AgNW/AZO thin films with multilayer structure overcame the shortcomings of AgNWs, and we propose their use as transparent electrodes with excellent properties for optoelectronic applications.
Routine interim disease assessment in patients undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: Can we do better?
Authors: Campuzano‐Zuluaga Germán , Deutsch Yehuda , Salzberg Matthew , Gomez Alexandra , Vargas Fernando , Elias Roy , Kwon Deukwoo , Goodman Mark , Ikpatt Offiong F. , Chapman Jennifer R. , Watts Justin , Vega Francisco , Swords Ronan 
Published: December 2015

The presence of >5% blasts at “day 14” (D14), in patients undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is problematic. It is unclear if a second course of chemotherapy for early persistent disease will alter outcome in these patients. We conducted a retrospective study of AML patients undergoing induction chemotherapy where diagnostic, interim (around day 14), and recovery (days 21–42) bone marrow (BM) evaluations were available for review. Of the 113 patients included in the final analysis, 99 (87.6%) achieved CR at hematologic recovery. At D14, 90 patients (79.6%) had <5% blasts and of these, 87 (96.7%) ultimately achieved CR. At D14, Twenty‐three (20.4%) patients had residual leukemia (>5% blasts). Of these, 11 (47.8%) received a second course of chemotherapy (double induction [DI]) and 12 (52.2%) were observed until count recovery (single induction [SI]). No significant difference in CR rates was observed between these two groups (58.3% DI group vs. 45.5% SI group, P value = 0.684). In our analysis, D14 BM evaluation did not uniformly identify patients with primary induction failure. To unequivocally determine the value of a D14 marrow assessment in AML, prospective studies in the context of large cooperative group trials are required. Considering our findings and similar reports from others, we propose that D14 marrow assessment should be individualized, and that other factors, such as cytogenetics and early peripheral blood blast clearance should be considered, to identify patients most likely to benefit from interim disease assessment during AML induction therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 91:277–282, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ein robustes und wiedergewinnbares Polymer für die Dekagramm‐Racematspaltung von (±)‐Mefloquin und anderen, chiralen N‐Heterocyclen
Authors: Kreituss Imants , Chen Kuang‐Yen , Eitel Simon H. , Adam Jean‐Michel , Wuitschik Georg , Fettes Alec , Bode Jeffrey W. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDekagramm‐Mengen von enantiomerenreinem (+)‐Mefloquin wurden durch kinetische Aufspaltung von racemischem Mefloquin mithilfe eines ROMPGel‐fixierten Acylhydroxamsäurereagens produziert. Das erforderliche Monomer wurde in wenigen Synthesestufen und ohne chromatographische Reinigung hergestellt, und die Polymerisation wurde im >30‐Gramm‐Maßstab bei Umgebungstemperatur sicher durchgeführt. Das Reagens konnte einfach regeneriert werden und wurde für die Racematspaltung von 150 g (±)‐Mefloquin und anderen chiralen N‐Heterocyclen vielfach wiederverwendet.
Alteration of the intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of valsartan via the concurrent use of gemfibrozil in rats
Authors: Yang Seung Jun , Kim Bong Jin , Mo Lingxuan , Han Hyo‐Kyung 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine the potential pharmacokinetic drug interaction between valsartan and gemfibrozil. Compared with the control given valsartan (10 mg/kg) alone, the concurrent use of gemfibrozil (10 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) increased the oral exposure of valsartan in rats. In the presence of gemfibrozil, the Cmax and AUC of oral valsartan increased by 1.7‐ and 2.5‐fold, respectively. Consequently, the oral bioavailability of valsartan was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the presence of gemfibrozil compared with that of the control group. Furthermore, the intravenous pharmacokinetics of valsartan (1 mg/kg) was also altered by pretreatment with oral gemfibrozil (10 mg/kg). The plasma clearance of valsartan was decreased by two‐fold in the presence of gemfibrozil, while the plasma half‐life was not altered. In contrast, both the oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics of gemfibrozil were not affected by the concurrent use of valsartan. The cellular uptake of valsartan and gemfibrozil was also investigated by using cells overexpressing OATP1B1 or OATP1B3. Gemfibrozil and gemfibrozil 1‐O‐β glucuronide inhibited the cellular uptake of valsartan with IC50 values (µm) of 39.3 and 20.4, respectively, in MDCK/OATP1B1, while they were less interactive with OATP1B3. The cellular uptake of gemfibrozil was not affected by co‐incubation with valsartan in both cells. Taken together, the present study suggests the potential drug interaction between valsartan and gemfibrozil, at least in part, via the OATP1B1‐mediated transport pathways during hepatic uptake. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Addition of Particles for Fouling Minimization in Membrane Bioreactors – Permeability Performance, Fluid Dynamics, and Rheology
Authors: Rosenberger Sandra , Helmus Frank Peter , Drews Anja 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMembrane bioreactors (MBR) with submerged flat sheet modules follow the airlift loop flow principle. The addition of particles is a new development in MBR fouling control. Experiments with plastic beads clearly show a mechanical cleaning effect. Biologically active beads (quorum quenching) can further reduce membrane fouling. The effectiveness of the particles depends on the flow conditions, though. To select or design such additives properly, as well as to optimize air flow rates, the complex fluid dynamics of the multiphase airlift loop flow and the rheology of the biomass need to be understood.
Quantifizierung der hydromechanischen Beanspruchung von Pumpen auf tierische Zellen mittels des nicht‐biologischen Modellsystems Emulsion
Authors: Fries Tobias , Dittler Ina , Blaschczok Katharina , Löffelholz Christian , Dornfeld Wolfgang , Schöb Reto , Drews Anja , Eibl Dieter 
Published: December 2015

AbstractZur Quantifizierung der Beanspruchung durch die Zentrifugalpumpe PuraLev® 200SU wurde der mittlere Sauter‐Durchmesser des Modellsystems Emulsion in Abhängigkeit des massenspezifischen Leistungseintrages ermittelt. Anschließend wurde mit ausgewählten Parametern die Absterberate von CHO‐Zellen untersucht und mit den Ergebnissen der Emulsionsversuche verglichen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass für das biologische System neben dem Leistungseintrag weitere Parameter wie die Impellerumfangsgeschwindigkeit Einfluss auf die Partikelbeanspruchung haben.
MULTI‐PARAMETER FULL WAVEFORM INVERSION FOR ACOUSTIC VTI MEDIA USING THE TRUNCATED NEWTON METHOD
Authors: Yi WANG , Liang‐Guo DONG 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn multi‐parameter full waveform inversion (FWI), the trade‐off between different parameter classes increases its nonlinearity severely. The magnitude orders of seismic velocities and anisotropic parameters are significantly different, which makes the inverse problem poorly conditioned. Judiciously incorporating the inverse Hessian operator into the FWI scheme can help to alleviate the negative impacts of these two problems in the inversion and improve the inversion accuracy. The truncated Newton (TN) method is one of the optimization methods which can better estimate the inverse Hessian operator. This paper studies the simultaneous inversion of two parameters for acoustic VTI media in the time domain using the TN method. Numerical experiments on different models show that in the context of simultaneous inversion of two parameters for acoustic VTI media, the TN method can account for more accurate inverse Hessian operator than the limited memory Broyden‐Fletcher‐Goldfarb‐Shanno (L‐BFGS) method so that it can better balance the updates of two different parameter classes, and reconstruct more accurate parameter models.
Cytodiagnosis of distant metastases from follicular thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Gupta Parikshaa , Bardia Anand , Rajwanshi Arvind , Nijhawan Raje , Srinivasan Radhika , Gupta Nalini , Nahar Saikia Uma , Dey Pranab 
Published: December 2015

IntroductionFollicular carcinoma of the thyroid is second most common primary malignancy of the thyroid gland after papillary carcinoma and metastasis is uncommonly seen in these patients.Aims and objectivesTo describe the cytomorphologic features for the accurate diagnosis of distant metastases from follicular carcinoma of thyroid.Materials and methodsA total of 10 aspirates reported as metastatic follicular carcinoma of thyroid were reviewed for the available clinical and radiological details.ResultsAll the patients were females. Six of these patients presented with subcutaneous and soft tissue swellings, one presented with a lung mass, one with right breast swelling, one with lumbar vertebral lesion and one with left iliac bone involvement. The cytology smears revealed tumour cells predominantly arranged in a repetitive microfollicular pattern with some scattered individually and in sheets. The tumour cells were small, had mild nuclear pleomorphism, round nuclei, low nuclear‐cytoplasmic ratio, fine chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, and scanty to moderate amount of cytoplasm with some showing marginal vacuoles with “fire‐flare” appearance. Occasional microfollicles showed scanty eosinophilic colloid in the center.ConclusionsIdentification and establishment of a correct clinical diagnosis of a distant metastasis from a follicular thyroid carcinoma is a challenging task. We believe that with prior knowledge of characteristic cytologic features, such metastases can be rapidly and accurately diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:108–112. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.