bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Meaning(s) of Sound(s)
Authors: Guski Rainer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe meaning of sound for our lives and actions depends largely on the experience we have had with them, partly also on the context in which they occur. Sound events that humans and other animals can hear on earth are usually created by physical movement in the environment. Meaning implies that at least one (direct) relationship exists between the specific acoustic properties, and the perception of a sound, often associated with a second relationship: the perception of the sound and the identification of its source, e.g., a creaking door. And a third relation is usually associated, too: I like or dislike it (the sound and/or the source). Some relationships are rather trivial and are usually shared by a large cultural community. Other connections apply only in small groups of people (e.g., a neighborhood with a common history), and in extreme cases, only in a single person in a particular situation (e.g., a violin expert testing violins). This chapter starts with what dictionaries say about the word “sound” and the distinction between sound and noise. The next section deals with sounds as source of information. The last section describes the many non-acoustic influences on the meaning of sounds and noise, i.e., physical factors (e.g., color, object size, and motion), and personal factors (e.g., noise sensitivity, personal control, evaluation of the source, trust in the agents responsible, and expectations for the future acoustic development).
Influence of iron deficiency definition on the efficacy of intravenous iron in heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Marques Pedro , Vasques-Nóvoa Francisco , Matias Paula , Vieira Joana T. , Mavrakanas Thomas A. , Sharma Abhinav , Friões Fernando , Ferreira João Pedro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Intravenous iron improves symptoms in heart failure (HF) with iron deficiency (ID) but failed to consistently show a benefit in cardiovascular outcomes. The ID definition used may influence the response to intravenous iron. The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the influence of ID definition on the intravenous iron effect in HF.

Methods/Results
We performed a random-effects meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) on intravenous iron (vs. placebo or standard of care) in patients with HF and ID that provided data on transferrin saturation (TSAT) and ferritin subgroups on the composite outcome of cardiovascular death (CVD) or HF hospitalizations (HFH). The risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were extracted on the TSAT (< 20% and ≥ 20%) and ferritin (< 100 ng/mL and ≥ 100 ng/mL) subgroups. Data from four major RCT was collected including a total of more than 5500 patients. In patients with a TSAT < 20%, intravenous iron reduced the composite outcome of CVD or HFH: RR 0.81, 95%CI 0.69–0.94, while in patients with a TSAT ≥ 20% the effect was neutral: RR 0.98, 95%CI 0.79–1.21, interaction, P = 0.05. On the other hand, ferritin levels did not modify the effect of IV iron: ferritin ≥ 100 ng/mL RR 0.84, 95%CI 0.65–1.09, and ferritin < 100 ng/mL RR 0.85, 95%CI 0.74–0.97; interaction, P = 0.96.

Conclusions
Our meta-analysis suggests that the benefit of intravenous iron may be restricted to patients with TSAT < 20% regardless of ferritin levels and supports the single use of TSAT < 20% to identify patients with ID who may benefit from intravenous iron therapy.

Graphical abstract
In this meta-analysis of > 5500 patients, intravenous iron reduced the composite outcome of CVD or HFH in those with a transferrin saturation (TSAT) < 20%, while for TSAT ≥ 20%, treatment effect was neutral. Ferritin, however, had no impact on intravenous iron response. This analysis suggests that the benefit from intravenous iron may be limited to patients with TSAT < 20%, irrespective of ferritin levels. Utilizing a TSAT < 20% to identify patients with ID who may benefit from intravenous iron therapy should be considered.
Evaluating a digital tool for supporting people affected by breast cancer: a prospective randomized controlled trial—the ADAPT study
Authors: Vrancken Peeters Noelle J. M. C. , Husson Olga , Kulakowski Rafal , Hainsworth Emma , Lidington Emma , McGrath Sophie E. , Noble Jillian , Azarang Leyla , Cruickshank Susanne , Georgopoulou Sofia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study reports the findings from the ADAPT randomized controlled trial (RCT), concerning the impact of a digital tool for supported self-management in people affected by breast cancer on patient activation as the primary outcome, with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and health status as secondary outcomes.

Methods
Women with early-stage breast cancer were randomly assigned to standard care (control) or standard care in addition to the breast cancer digital tool (intervention). Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13), the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), and the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year from diagnosis. Linear mixed effect model regression was used to assess the effect of the digital tool over the first year from diagnosis while correcting for intra-participant correlation.

Results
A total of 166 participants were included, with 85 being randomized into the intervention. No significant differences (p > 0.05) in the PAM-13 scores, EORTC QLQ-C30 scales (global QoL, physical functioning, emotional functioning, pain, fatigue), and EQ-5D-5L Index between the control and intervention groups were observed. It is important to note that there was significant non-adherence within the intervention group.

Conclusion
The breast cancer digital tool had no statistically significant impact on patient activation, HRQoL, and health status over time compared to standard care alone in women with early-stage breast cancer. Future research should focus on identifying and addressing barriers to digital tool engagement to improve efficacy.
Clinical trial information
The study was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03866655) on 7 March 2019 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03866655).
A review of Artificial Intelligence methods in bladder cancer: segmentation, classification, and detection
Authors: Bashkami Ayah , Nasayreh Ahmad , Makhadmeh Sharif Naser , Gharaibeh Hasan , Alzahrani Ahmed Ibrahim , Alwadain Ayed , Heming Jia , Ezugwu Absalom E. , Abualigah Laith 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) and other disruptive technologies can potentially improve healthcare across various disciplines. Its subclasses, artificial neural networks, deep learning, and machine learning, excel in extracting insights from large datasets and improving predictive models to boost their utility and accuracy. Though research in this area is still in its early phases, it holds enormous potential for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of urological diseases, such as bladder cancer. The long-used nomograms and other classic forecasting approaches are being reconsidered considering AI’s capabilities. This review emphasizes the coming integration of artificial intelligence into healthcare settings while critically examining the most recent and significant literature on the subject. This study seeks to define the status of AI and its potential for the future, with a special emphasis on how AI can transform bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Mitigating Investor Reactions to Financial Misconduct: The Moderating Roles of Firm Commitment Cues
Authors: Ye Lu , Hu Helen Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCorporate financial misconduct has garnered increased interest in business ethics research. Although prior research has provided insights into the consequences of financial misconduct, our understanding of why investors react differently to similar instances of misconduct, especially in emerging markets, remains limited. In this study, we first argue that direct information on the severity of misconduct is the primary basis for investors’ evaluations. Next, drawing on screening theory, we theorize that in contexts characterized by high information asymmetry, indirect information about existing firm commitment cues plays a vital screening role by demonstrating the firm’s legitimacy and capability. Subsequently, we develop a tripod framework that integrates the social, market, and strategy dimensions as firm commitment cues that serve as fundamental screening mechanisms to mitigate the adverse effect of misconduct severity on investor reactions. We use a sample of 344 Chinese listed firms that engaged in financial misconduct during 2009–2019 and find that greater misconduct severity results in more negative investor reactions. However, this negative relationship is weakened when the firm demonstrates stronger social and strategy commitments but not stronger market commitment.
The combined effects of electrolyte addition and mechanical shearing on cellulose nanocrystal alignment
Authors: Ghosh Ananya , Amit Sadat Kamal , Davis Virginia A. , Jiang Zhihua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research explored the impact of four different electrolytes on the orientation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in shear-cast films prepared from aqueous CNC gels. Changes in the aqueous CNC gels’ rheological properties with electrolyte addition were correlated to the orientation and optical properties of dried CNC films. Film alignment was qualitatively assessed using cross-polarized optical microscopy and quantified by order parameters computed by UV–Vis transmission spectroscopy. Electrolyte addition resulted in an increased alignment in dried CNC films. For pure CNCs, the film order parameters remained constant at approximately 0.3 for shear rates from 20 s−1 to 100 s−1. However, higher order parameters were achieved in the presence of electrolytes. Notably, an order parameter of 0.88 was achieved at a shear rate of only 20 s−1. In addition, films produced from dispersions containing electrolytes exhibited improved clarity and haze. The results of this work highlight that electrolyte addition can enable higher order parameters at lower shear rates and facilitate the development of aligned CNC films for applications such as polarizers, clear coatings, and piezoelectric materials.
Graphical abstract
Neutrosophic set and optimized deep learning for classification of chicken Eimeria species: a practical solution for poultry industry
Authors: Sayed Gehad Ismail , Hassanien Aboul Ella , Basha Sameh H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo optimize infection control and bolster productivity within the poultry industry, it is imperative to accurately classify Chicken Eimeria species. There are several methods for determining Eimeria disease in chickens. Traditional methods involve watching for clinical symptoms, and macroscopic lesions, and studying the parasite’s biology and oocyst morphology. These methods are frequently time-consuming and labor-intensive, necessitating the manual collection and analysis of samples, which can be especially difficult in large chicken farms. Deep learning algorithms, on the other hand, provide automated, accurate, and non-invasive methods for the detection of Eimeria. This paper proposed a classification model for the automatic classification of chicken Eimeria species. The proposed model is mainly based on integrating neutrosophic set theory and InceptionV3 deep-learning architecture. Three primary phases make up the proposed chicken Eimeria species classification model: the data preprocessing phase, the neutrosophic image conversion phase, and the image classification phase. To address the issue of class imbalance in the adopted dataset and enhance the model’s generalizability, the random oversampling method, and data augmentation techniques are employed during the data preprocessing phase. The preprocessed data is considered to feed the neutrosophic set-based segmentation algorithm, where true, false, and intermediate subsets are extracted. Finally, the true subset is utilized to feed the optimized InceptionV3. To determine the optimal hyperparameter values for InceptionV3, a modified version of the Brown Bear optimization algorithm is proposed in this paper. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model, a real benchmark dataset comprising images of different Eimeria species is adopted. The experimental results revealed that the proposed model offers a more efficient and accurate alternative to traditional methods and state-of-the-art models, enabling faster and more effective diagnosis and treatment of Eimeria infections. It achieved an overall accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and F1-score of nearly 100%. Additionally, the results showed that the high performance of the proposed model can reduce labor costs and boost throughput, thereby enhancing economic viability even more.
High-Fugacity Expansion and Crystallization in Non-sliding Hard-Core Lattice Particle Models Without a Tiling Constraint
Authors: He Qidong , Jauslin Ian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the existence of a crystallization transition for a family of hard-core particle models on periodic graphs in dimension $$d\ge 2$$

d
≥
2

. We consider only models featuring a single species of particles, which in particular forbids the particles from rotation and reflection, and establish a criterion under which crystallization occurs at sufficiently high densities. The criterion is more general than that in Jauslin and Lebowitz (Commun Math Phys 364:655–682, 2018), as it allows models in which particles do not tile the space in the close-packing configurations, such as discrete hard-disk models. To prove crystallization, we prove that the pressure is analytic in the inverse of the fugacity for large enough complex fugacities, using Pirogov–Sinai theory. One of the main new tools used for this result is the definition of a local density, based on a discrete generalization of Voronoi cells. We illustrate the criterion by proving that it applies to three examples: staircase models and the radius 2.5 hard-disk model on $$\mathbb Z^{2}$$

Z
2

, and a heptacube model on $$\mathbb Z^{3}$$

Z
3

.
Evaluating the relationship between heat-related illness and cooling center location in Virginia
Authors: Allen Michael J. , Vecellio Daniel J. , Hoffman Jeremy S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExtreme heat contributes to adverse health outcomes and public cooling centers are often used as both a heat-health mitigation and management strategy to protect public health during extreme heat events. While the presence of a cooling center should theoretically improve heat-health outcomes in the surrounding community, there are no quantitative studies evaluating this relationship. Using heat-related emergency department and urgent care center visits from the 2014–2020 summer seasons, this study evaluates the relationship between heat-related illness (HRI) and cooling centers in Virginia. In total, more than 10,000 incidences of HRI occurred over the period across 68% of Virginia ZIP codes as reported. Communities with a cooling center had higher rates of HRI than those without, and this difference was most significant in urban areas. This result was coincident with a significant increase in non-white residents in these ZCTA. Our results draw attention to the need for additional research on the topic of cooling center access, efficacy, and operations. Strategically locating cooling centers near or within vulnerable communities is one just consideration, and more work is needed to uncover if, when, who, and how communities are utilizing, or in many cases not utilizing or unable to utilize, cooling centers.
Integrated understanding of climate change and disaster risk for building resilience of cultural heritage sites
Authors: Aktürk Gül , Hauser Stephan J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeritage assets are vulnerable to climate change and disaster risks. However, existing literature has long been separating climate change from disaster risks, which were mainly considered as natural disasters. Recently, the framework of integrated understanding of climate change and disaster risk reduction in international policies started to be discussed in sustainable development discussion, while mentioning opportunities to build resilience of cultural heritage sites (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction 2020). But this framework is yet to be implemented and detailed in the context of heritage sites. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze how the integrated understanding of climate change and disaster risk reduction policies can contribute to building climate resilience of cultural heritage sites by reviewing the key themes emerging from the literature. The question this paper answers are how can the integrated understanding of climate change and disaster risks reduction tackle barriers to the resilience of heritage sites? And what can be done to fill the gaps identified in the literature? To understand it, four elements from the literature are analyzed, including methodological contributions, temporalities, challenges and gaps, and opportunities. The findings of this review help in understanding the gap and interplay between science and policy in decision-making processes. We conclude by discussing the ways forward for the applicability of the framework in building resilience of cultural heritage sites.
Promotionalism, orthogonality, and instrumental convergence
Authors: Sharadin Nathaniel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSuppose there are no in-principle restrictions on the contents of arbitrarily intelligent agents’ goals. According to “instrumental convergence” arguments, potentially scary things follow. I do two things in this paper. First, focusing on the influential version of the instrumental convergence argument due to Nick Bostrom, I explain why such arguments require an account of “promotion”, i.e., an account of what it is to “promote” a goal. Then, I consider whether extant accounts of promotion in the literature—in particular, probabilistic and fit-based views of promotion—can be used to support dangerous instrumental convergence. I argue that neither account of promotion can do the work. The opposite is true: accepting either account of promotion undermines support for instrumental convergence arguments’ existentially worrying conclusions. The conclusion is that we needn’t be scared—at least not because of arguments concerning instrumental convergence.
The multivocality of the nation: political imagination and transformation in the emergence of African Nationalism
Authors: Schoots Jonathan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAt key moments in history, political understanding and action are irrevocably transformed. What makes such moments of transformation possible? This article examines the emergence of African nationalism in South Africa, following the multivocal appeal to African nationhood made by proto-nationalist leaders and intellectuals. In doing so I examine how new political imagination can reconfigure the structure of political relations and create powerful new possibilities for political organizing and action. African proto-nationalist leaders were ‘intermediary intellectuals’ who used African nationhood to speak to three different political logics of their key audiences: a ‘progressive nationhood’ to their white colonial audience, a ‘unifying nationhood’ to their missionary-educated African audience, and a ‘traditional nationhood’ to their rural African audience. African nationhood thus had a multivocal appeal which allowed proto-nationalist leaders to bring otherwise divided audiences to support a common political project. By bridging these divided communities, proto-nationalist leaders were able to combine resources and strategies from once separated domains into novel forms of political power. Transformation in political understanding was thus a critical enabler of innovation in organization and action because it built a political project where new connections between African and colonial worlds were made politically ‘thinkable’. Speaking to the scholarship on political repertoires and the sociology of anti-colonial intellectuals, this study has broader implications for the role political ideas play in political transformation.
Translation and Validation of the Malayalam Version of the Subjective Happiness Scale
Authors: Cotton Kelly , Sathyan Sanish , Jacob Soumya , Shaji K. S. , Ayers Emmeline , Adhikari Dristi , Sigamani Alben , Pradeep Kumar VG , Verghese Joe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The subjective happiness scale (SHS) is a brief instrument used to measure global subjective happiness that has been translated from its original English to many other languages. To date, there is no reported translation of this scale into Malayalam, a language spoken by over 32 million people especially in the southern state of Kerala, India. In the present study, 656 community-dwelling older adults participating in the Kerala Einstein study (KES) completed the Malayalam version of the SHS. The Malayalam version demonstrated high internal consistency and good convergent validity, as assessed by comparison to measures of depression and anxiety. We also used factor analysis to determine that the Malayalam version of the SHS has a unidimensional structure, akin to the original English as well as other language adaptations. Our study adds to the repertoire of tools to measure happiness in non-English-speaking populations, enabling future research to explore the foundations of well-being across diverse cultures.
An Improved Scheme for the Finite Difference Approximation of the Advective Term in the Heat or Solute Transport Equations
Authors: Petchamé-Guerrero Jordi , Carrera Jesus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTransport equations are widely used to describe the evolution of scalar quantities subject to advection, dispersion and, possibly, reactions. Numerical methods are required to solve these equations in applications, adopting either the advective or conservative formulations. Conservative formulations are usually preferred in practice because they conserve mass. Advective formulations do not, but have received more mathematical attention and are required for Lagrangian solution methods. To obtain an advective formulation that conserves mass, we subtract the discretized fluid flow equation, multiplied by concentration, from the conservative form of the transport equation. The resulting scheme not only conserves mass, but is also elegant in that it can be interpreted as averaging the advective term at cell interfaces, instead of approximating it at cell centers as in traditional centered schemes. The two schemes are identical when fluid velocity is constant, and both have second-order convergence, but the truncation errors are slightly different. We argue that the error terms appearing in the proposed scheme actually imply an improved representation of subgrid spreading/contraction and acceleration/deceleration caused by variable velocity. We compare the proposed and traditional schemes on several problems with variable velocity caused by recharge, discharge or evaporation, including two newly developed analytical solutions. The proposed method yields results that are slightly, but consistently, better than the traditional scheme, while always conserving mass (i.e., mass at the end equals mass at the beginning plus inputs minus outputs), which the traditional centered finite differences scheme does not. We conclude that this scheme should be preferred in finite difference solutions of transport.