bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
As you wish? Public preferences for models of representation and MPs’ role orientations
Authors: MONGRAIN PHILIPPE , JUNIUS NINO , BRACK NATHALIE 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHow much autonomy elected representatives should have in looking after the interests of their constituents is a central question of democratic theory. While much research has been conducted on the representational roles adopted by elected representatives, we currently lack an understanding of citizens’ preferences for contrasting models of representation, more specifically whether they believe representatives should primarily act as instructed delegates, closely following public opinion or rather as trustees, relying on their own convictions and judgement. As a result, we know relatively little about how congruent citizens’ and politicians’ representational preferences are, whether some subgroups of citizens and politicians are more congruent with each other than others and whether citizens’ and politicians’ representational preferences are driven by the same determinants. Using data from 13 countries, we assess the level of congruence between voters’ and MPs’ preferences in representational style. In all countries, citizens favouring delegate‐style MPs are poorly represented as the vast majority of representatives display a moderate to strong preference for trusteeship. Analysing subgroups of politicians and citizens according to party family, ideology, inclusion in government, populism and social class reveals that MPs from left‐wing or right‐wing radical and populist parties, representatives sitting on the opposition benches and those belonging to lower classes tend to hold representational preferences that are more in line with the preferences of their own supporters or individuals belonging to the same group as themselves, but also with those of the entire electorate. However, even among these politicians there are few delegates. Examining whether citizens’ and politicians’ representational preferences are driven by similar determinants, we assessed the influence of their ideological orientations, socioeconomic status and support for (or affiliation with) a party in government on their representational preferences. For citizens, our results indicate that locating oneself on the right of the ideological spectrum is related to higher scores on the delegate–trustee scale, while supporting a populist party seems to decrease voters’ favourability toward trusteeship. Politicians’ preferences could not be explained by similar factors as none of the tested factors were significant. In line with our congruence analysis, there seems to be little variation in MPs’ representational preferences. Even groups of MPs that can be thought of as most likely to be delegates turn out to be staunch trustees, potentially causing frustration among citizens preferring delegate‐style representation.
Replantation following complete penile amputation: Summary of perioperative experience and treatment strategies
Authors: Liu Hanchao , Dong Biao , Wu Xiaolong , Hua Lin , Zhang Mingxiao , Li Xiaotao , Liu Jiaqin , Zhan Junfeng , Gao Xintao , Chen Rui , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Zhenqing , Sun Zhuolun , Xie Chong , Jiang Zhuanxin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo date, there are only case reports of penile amputation, a rare urological emergency with a low‐treatment successful rate, and there are still no advanced, detailed surgical or perioperative treatment plans. Effective treatments for these rare diseases are urgently needed.MethodThe researchers summarized the perioperative experience of 20 patients who underwent replantation after complete penile amputation at several hospitals over the past 5 years and shared experience in detail.ResultsOnly 1 of the 20 surgeries failed, and both urinary and erectile functions were successfully restored in other cases, indicating that the surgical methods and perioperative treatments summarized by researchers are feasible and highly successful for replantation following complete penile amputation.ConclusionResearchers have summarized the method and perioperative plan for replantation following penile amputation based on a summary of 20 cases, thereby providing guidance for urologists and andrologists.
Mapping illegal trade routes of live cheetahs from the Horn of Africa to the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Evangelista Paul H. , Young Nicholas E. , Schulte Darin K. , Tricorache Patricia D. , Luizza Matthew W. , Durant Sarah M. , Jones Kelly W. , Mitchell Nicholas , Maule Tomas , Ali Abdullahi H. , Tesfai Redae T. , Engelstad Peder S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLess than 7000 cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) persist in Africa. Although human–wildlife conflict, habitat degradation, and loss of prey are major threats to cheetah populations, illegal trade in live cubs for pets may have the most significant impact on populations in the Horn of Africa. We developed a novel, stepwise decision support tool to predict probable trafficking routes by leveraging the power of distinct modeling approaches. First, we created a cheetah habitat suitability index (HSI) to determine where source cheetah populations may occur. We then created a trafficking network model linking known and predicted cheetah populations with documented destinations in the Arabian Peninsula. A significant area in Eastern Ethiopia and Northern Somalia was estimated to harbor undocumented cheetahs. When these predicted populations were used as a supply source, the trafficking network model showed multiple routes passing through Somaliland and across the Gulf of Aden to Yemen, supporting the notion that undocumented cheetahs may be supplying pet market demands. Though we demonstrate how our decision support tool can inform law enforcement, conservation strategies, and community engagement, we caution that our results are not fully validated due to limited accessibility, alternative trafficking routes, and the cryptic nature of illegal wildlife trade.
Absolute oral bioavailability of milvexian spray‐dried dispersion formulation under fasted and fed conditions in healthy adult participants: An intravenous microtracer approach
Authors: Jarugula Praneeth , Soleman Sharif , Back Hyunmoon , Christopher Lisa J. , Hawthorne Dara , Aronson Ronald , Bui Anh , Mirzac Angela , Ajavon‐Hartmann Antoinette , Perera Vidya , Murthy Bindu , Merali Samira 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMilvexian is an oral, small‐molecule factor XIa inhibitor being developed to prevent thromboembolic events. This study assessed the absolute bioavailability (F) of milvexian following single doses of milvexian spray‐dried dispersion (SDD) formulation under fed and fasted conditions, and milvexian solution, in healthy adult participants using an intravenous microtracer approach. This was a phase I, open‐label, partially randomized, 4‐sequence, 5‐period crossover study. After fasting for ≥10 h, participants received milvexian 200‐mg oral solution with a 100‐μg 14C milvexian intravenous microtracer at the time of maximum observed plasma concentration. Following a 3‐day washout, participants were randomized to 1 of 4 milvexian SDD treatment sequences in a crossover fashion: 25 mg fasted, 25 mg fed, 200 mg fasted, or 200 mg fed. Pharmacokinetic data were collected up to 72 h postdose. Seventeen participants were dosed, and 14 completed treatment. Under fasted conditions, milvexian F was ~100%, 58.2%, and 54.2% following administration of the oral solution, 25 mg SDD, and 200 mg SDD, respectively. Under fed conditions, milvexian F following 25 mg and 200 mg SDD was 44.3% and 75.6%, respectively. The milvexian SDD formulation at 25 mg and 200 mg resulted in similar F in a fasted state; under fed conditions, milvexian F decreased at 25 mg and increased at 200 mg. These findings clarify pharmacokinetic‐related gaps observed in previous studies.
Lateral migration differs between phytolith morphotypes on sand dune surfaces
Authors: Zhang Guihua , Jie Dongmei , Gao Guizai , Li Dehui , Li Nannan , Wang Jiangyong , Niu Honghao , Meng Meng , Liu Ying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArid and semi‐arid lands are exceptionally sensitive to climate change. However, the application of phytolith analysis to these environments is hindered by the potential for lateral migration of phytoliths during wind erosion, which may affect the reliability of phytolith‐based paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Moreover, there is a lack of quantitative studies of the dispersion and deposition of phytoliths by wind erosion. Here we apply Sutton's equation and theoretical models from the field of blown sand physics and engineering to quantify the lateral migration of various phytolith morphotypes in the surface soil of sand dunes in the Horqin Sandy Land in China. Phytolith morphotypes and concentrations were determined in addition to sedimentary organic matter content and grain size. Combined with the analysis of plant communities, these measurements were used to quantify the lateral migration of phytolith morphotypes, and the results were compared with theoretical models. We found that phytolith concentrations decreased exponentially under an annual average wind speed with distance from the surface source; specifically, a large proportion of lateral phytolith migration occurred within the distance of ~3–5 m. There were significant linear correlations between the phytolith concentration and other environmental factors. A comprehensive form of Sutton's equation was used to estimate that a relatively large proportion (8.35%) of short‐cell phytoliths may migrate laterally on dunes that are vulnerable to wind erosion. However, large phytoliths are deposited almost in situ, and relatively limited lateral migration of wind‐transported phytoliths occurs in the Horqin Sandy Land overall. Our results provide a theoretical model and practice template for the application of phytolith analysis to soil and sediments, especially as a proxy of past vegetation and ecological change in the Horqin Sandy Land, and other areas affected by wind erosion. Additionally, short‐cell phytoliths in palaeoenvironmental contexts satisfy the criteria necessary to investigate the extent with frequent aeolian activity.
A Cross‐Sectional Study of the Current and Future Dental Hygiene and Dental Therapy Student Workforce in the UK and Ireland During 2022–2025: Considering Facilitators and Barriers to the Growth of This Workforce
Authors: Murray Sarah , Niggli Jason 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionWith evidence suggesting that dental hygienists (DH) and dental therapists (DThs) can undertake a significant proportion of routine clinical work, this paper explores the number of recent graduates and students currently in training in the UK and Ireland and considers whether there are sufficient DH and DTh registrants to positively impact on population needs.MethodsAn online questionnaire survey was distributed by the Directors of Dental Hygiene and Therapy Group to all programme leads of dental hygiene and dental therapy programmes during December 2023.ResultsThere was a 100% response rate. The majority of programmes award a Bachelor's degree, with a minority offering a Diploma or Foundation degree; one programme awards an MSc level qualification. The number of graduates in the 2022–2023 academic year was 429, registered with both the General Dental Council (GDC) and Dental Council of Ireland (DCI). The numbers of DH students expected to graduate in 2023–2024 academic year is likely to increase by 44% and in 2024–2025 this will increase by a further 12% compared to the previous year. The anticipated numbers of DTh graduates registering across the UK in 2023–2024 academic year is 312, representing in a slight decrease of 3% from the previous year; in 2024–2025 this figure is expected to remain static at 313.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate the numbers of students recently graduated and in training in the UK and Ireland, during 2022–2025. The numbers of registrants is slightly increasing, but there is a need for detailed information regarding working practices to inform future workforce planning; this will inform the need for increasing training numbers.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing highlights the role of proinflammatory fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and immune cells in the keloid immune microenvironment
Authors: Li Daishi , Li Zhaohuai , Liu Sitao , Chen Xiaozhen , Che Xuanlin , Deng Guangtong , Chen Jialing , Li He , Wang Rong , Chen Xiang , Su Wenru , Su Juan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundKeloids, characterized by an aberrant wound‐healing process and a highly complex immune microenvironment, pose significant challenges for clinical management. Fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells (VEC) were identified as the leading cells of keloid development. However, their roles in the keloid immune landscape have yet to be thoroughly elucidated.MethodsTo explore the functional state of cells in the immune landscape of keloids, we conducted a single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis on the tissue from three keloid lesions and two specimens of healthy skin. We simultaneously utilized available keloid data from the public database for external validation.ResultsSpecific subsets, such as proinflammatory fibroblasts (piF) and VEC, were markedly elevated in lesional skin compared to normal skin. Subsequent differential gene expression and Gene Ontology analyses indicated that these subsets may be involved in shaping the microenvironment. In keloids, there is an increased expression of immune‐associated genes (P < 0.05), including TNFRSF6B, HGF, and TGFB3, alongside a decreased expression of inflammatory chemokines in the piF. Moreover, the significant upregulation of immune suppressive genes (P < 0.05), including CD39, CD73, and HIF1A, suggested the potential involvement of VEC as a conditional immune subpopulation in the keloid microenvironment. Immune cell communication analysis revealed preferential enrichment of macrophages and Tregs, highlighting intensified macrophage‐centered interactions within the keloid microenvironment.ConclusionOur study highlighted the role of piF and VEC in the immune microenvironment of keloids for the first time, providing potential targets for therapeutic development.
The effect of missed care on the nursing image perceived by patients and their trust relationships with nurses
Authors: Sancar Behire , Dogan Aktas Ayse Buket 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMissed care has negative consequences for patients, directly affecting the quality of nursing care and patient safety.AimThis study investigated the effect of missed care on the nursing image perceived by patients and their trust relationships with nurses.MethodsThis descriptive and correlational study was conducted in all inpatient wards of a hospital in southern Türkiye. The sample consisted of 200 patients. Data were collected using a patient information form, the MISSCARE Survey‐Patient, the Nursing Image Scale (NIS), and the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (for Windows 25.0). The study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.FindingsParticipants had a mean MISSCARE Survey‐Patient, TNS, and NIS score of 2.09 ± 0.53, 23.48 ± 5.01, and 71.52 ± 6.75, respectively. There was a moderate negative correlation between MISSCARE Survey‐Patient and TNS scores. There was a weak negative correlation between MISSCARE Survey‐Patient and NIS scores. Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between NIS and TNS scores.DiscussionMISSCARE Survey‐Patient total scores vary due to the imbalance in the number of nurses and the complexity of their tasks. Poor quality of care and incomplete care undermine the image of nursing and negatively affect the trust relationship between patients and nurses.ConclusionsNursing image and trust in nurses decreases as patient–nurse communication and basic care interventions are skipped.Implications for nursing policyInadequate care can have a detrimental effect on the nursing image and erode patient–nurse trust relationships. Therefore, there is a pressing need for ongoing review and enhancement of nursing education, policy, and practice to elevate the quality of care provided. Further research utilizing objective staff measures and outcome assessments, along with gathering primary data directly from patients, is essential to substantiate the assertion that missed care significantly influences patient outcomes.
The Role of Human Values in the Relationship Between Industry 4.0 and Job Insecurity in an Emerging Economy
Authors: Bernal‐Torres César A. , Thoene Ulf , Ferreira‐Hoyos Andrea , Aldana‐Bernal Juan C. , García Alonso Roberto 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study analyses the relationship between Industry 4.0, human values and job insecurity in Colombia against significant technological changes and global economic challenges. It aims to understand how human values mediate the relationship between Industry 4.0's technological advances and the perception of job security in the current era of economic and social uncertainty. Utilising a Likert scale, the study gathered 714 survey responses from employees in medium and large Colombian companies. The study used a multistage multivariate analysis approach, starting with unidimensionality analysis, followed by reliability and validity analysis to measure accuracy. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were subsequently employed to test the underlying factor structures of the data. Finally, structural equation modelling integrated the findings, forming a model that sheds light on the relationships among the studied variables. The analysis revealed strong human values such as commitment, collaboration, tolerance, honesty and loyalty in the workplace. Interestingly, participants had a low perception of job insecurity, indicating a more complex relationship between technological advancements and job security perceptions. This study offers valuable insights into how human values shape the workforce's response to the rapid changes of Industry 4.0, particularly in an emerging economy like Colombia.
Exploring Collaboration and Social Dynamics in the Paediatric Morbidity and Mortality Meeting, A Qualitative Case Study
Authors: Jeffs Emma Louise , Newall Fiona , Delany Clare , Kinney Sharon 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore collaboration and social dynamics within paediatric Morbidity and Mortality meetings.DesignQualitative Exploratory Case Study Methodology incorporating semi‐structured interviews and qualitative observations.MethodsData were collected in a large quaternary paediatric hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Semi‐structured interviews with meeting attendees were conducted after observing and documenting meeting conduct. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret data and generate a thematic map of findings.ResultsForty‐four interviews and 32 meeting observations were conducted between July 2019 and January 2020. Participants valued collaboration between attendees in Morbidity and Mortality meetings, however there were barriers to this. They included differing views about roles and negative impacts of hierarchies and authority. Senior doctors dominated discussion, and participants described this occasionally signalling reverence and respect, but sometimes signified intimidation and feeling unsure about how to contribute. Because of this complexity, successfully achieving positive social dynamics in a meeting required active promotion and management.ConclusionMorbidity and Mortality meetings mirror the complexity and richness of the clinical environment. Descriptions of how meeting conduct can shape positive workplace culture and address hierarchical obstructions to safe clinical care highlight their far‐reaching potential. Effective collaboration is an intrinsic part of realising this value.ImpactThis paper addresses a paucity in the literature in understanding how social dynamics and collaboration in Morbidity and Mortality meetings are interpreted and experienced. These findings illuminate challenges and obstacles to achieving a productive and equitable social dynamic in meetings. They also illustrate positive discrimination strategies that may improve participation and widespread engagement of nurses, junior doctors, and allied health professionals. Importantly, fostering constructive social dynamics in the Morbidity and Mortality meeting could positively impact patient safety culture and therefore patient care.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
‘It's Got Its Ups and Downs’: What People With Intellectual Disabilities Living in Supported Living and Residential Care Like and Dislike About Their Home
Authors: Ribenfors Francesca , Blood Lauren , Hatton Chris , Marriott Anna 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundGiven the current sociopolitical climate, people with intellectual disabilities are spending more time at home. Much housing‐related research focuses on informant‐completed measures and quantifiable outcomes. By contrast, this article explores the perspectives of adults with intellectual disabilities concerning what they liked or disliked about their homes.MethodData is drawn from 53 semi‐structured interviews with people with intellectual disabilities in supported living or residential care in England.ResultsThree themes were generated: space and place; people make or break a home; and day‐to‐day autonomy. These highlight the importance of belonging and the significance of other people in the creation of ‘home’.ConclusionIf people are to flourish, attention must be paid to aspects of the home that provide comfort, enjoyment, and a sense of belonging. These findings can benefit professionals, family members and people with intellectual disabilities, when considering current or future living arrangements.
Improvement in uniformity of co‐linear pulsed electric field treatment chamber by sub‐electrodes and its optimization
Authors: Kim Jin‐Hak , Ham Gum‐Hae , Kim Sang‐Jin , Choe Yong‐Son 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe uniformity of performance parameters such as electric field and temperature for a co‐linear pulsed electric field (PEF) processing system is one of main factors affecting the processing effect and quality of liquid food. We have proposed a co‐linear PEF treatment chamber configuration with sub‐electrodes to improve the uniformity and processing efficiency. We have first examined how the position of the sub‐electrodes alone affects the uniformity of the performance parameters. Then, we have investigated the variation of the uniformity while changing simultaneously the electrode radius, inter‐electrode gap, and position of sub‐electrodes. As a result, we have found that the most uniform field could be obtained when the electrode radius is 5.5 mm, the inter‐electrode gap is 15 mm, and the sub‐electrodes situate at the middle of the chamber. In this chamber, the region between 95% and 105% of the average electric field covers 83%, which shows much improvement compared to the formers' results, 69.5% and 76%, respectively. Also, the optimal treatment chamber provides greater average electric field under the same voltages as the voltages reported by the formers.Practical applicationsA novel treatment chamber with sub‐electrodes is proposed for pulsed electric fields food processing. The improved treatment design was obtained by changing position of sub‐electrodes, inner radius of electrodes and distance between electrodes. The more uniform electric field was obtained in treatment region. The temperature distribution was more uniformed by increasing flow rates and uniformed electric field strength. The treatment throughput was increased by sub‐electrodes.