bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-utility and cost consequence of a telehealth intervention targeting improvement in addictive eating for Australian adults (the TRACE program)
Authors: Skinner Janelle A , Leary Mark , Wynne Olivia , Hay Phillipa J , Collins Clare E , Burrows Tracy L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The TRACE (Targeted Research for Addictive and Compulsive Eating) intervention was evaluated in a 3-month randomized controlled trial which demonstrated significant improvement in Yale Food Addiction Scale scores favoring dietitian-led telehealth (active intervention) compared with passive and control groups. This study aimed to determine intervention costs and cost-utility.

Methods
Costs of each intervention (2021$AUD) and incremental net monetary benefit (iNMB; incremental benefit, defined as Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY) gained, multiplied by willingness to pay threshold minus incremental cost) were calculated to estimate differences between groups.

Results
The active intervention (n = 38) cost $294 (95% UI: $266, $316) per person compared to $47 (95% UI: $40, $54) in the passive intervention (n = 24), and $26 in the control group (n = 37). At a cost-effectiveness threshold of $50 000 per QALY score gained, the active intervention iNMB was -$186 (95% UI: -$1137, $834) and the passive group $127 (95% UI: -$1137, $834). Compared to the control group, estimates indicate a 30% chance of the active intervention, and a 60% chance of the passive intervention being cost effective.

Conclusion
Although the overall cost of the active intervention was low, this was not considered cost-effective in comparison to the passive intervention, given small QALY score gains.

Trial registration
Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12621001079831.
Effect of lactation feeder design on sow and litter performance, feeder cleaning criteria, and economic return
Authors: Royall Rafe Q , Coble Kyle F , Stephens Karley R , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , DeRouchey Joel M , Goodband Robert D , Gebhardt Jordan T , Karl Jimmy , Corns Paul J , Bradley Tag 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A total of 557 mixed parity sows (PIC 1050) were used to evaluate the effect of lactation feeder design on sow farrowing performance, litter growth performance, feeder cleaning criteria, and economics. The experiment was conducted during the summer of 2023 at a commercial sow farm located in northwest Texas. The study used two sequential farrowing groups with approximately 279 sows per group. On approximately days 112 to 114 of gestation, sows were moved to the farrowing house and randomly allotted to one of three feeder types based on parity and caliper score. Feeder types consisted of 1) a dry feeder with a nipple drinker located next to the feeder, 2) a wet–dry feeder with a divider to separate feed and water, or 3) a wet–dry feeder without a divider. The three feeder types were used in one of every three stalls with the same sequence from the front to the end of all rooms to balance for environmental effects. Sows were weighed before entering the farrowing house and at weaning. Sows were provided approximately 1.81 kg per day of a common lactation diet prefarrowing, and after farrowing, sows were provided ad libitum access to lactation feed. There was no evidence of a difference in sow weight at entry or weaning, overall BW change, caliper score at entry or weaning, total litter weight or individual pig weight at birth, total pigs born, or percentage of pigs born alive. However, sows fed with the dry lactation feeder had decreased (P &lt; 0.05) total daily feed disappearance and average daily feed disappearance compared to either wet–dry feeder design. There was no evidence of difference for litter or pig weaning weight, or litter average daily gain. As a result, litter feed efficiency was improved (P &lt; 0.05) for sows fed via the dry feeder compared to either wet–dry feeder. For feeder cleaning criteria, dry feeders had increased (P &lt; 0.05) washing time and washing cost compared to either wet–dry feeder design. In addition, sows fed via the dry feeder had decreased (P &lt; 0.05) total lactation feed cost and feed cost per piglet weaned compared to either wet–dry feeder design. In summary, using the wet–dry feeder design in this study with or without a divider separating the feed from the water increased feed disappearance with no effects on sow and litter performance compared to dry feeders, thus worsening litter feed efficiency and increasing feed cost per sow and litter.
Retrospective cohort study on the postoperative survival rate enhancement of patients with colorectal cancer using three traditional Chinese medicine formulations: evidence from 1,361 cases
Authors: Zhao Kailong , Su Xiaomin , Pang Wenwen , Wang Yijia , Li Hongzhou , Zhang Yi , Jin Leixin , Xue Jun , Liang Weizheng , Feng Zhiqiang , Han Qiurong , Yao Yao , Chen Tianyi , Zhang Qinghuai , Zhang Xipeng , Zheng Wenke , Zhang Chunze 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Prior studies have affirmed the safety and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine in treating colorectal cancer patients. However, definitive evidence regarding whether traditional Chinese medicine can significantly enhance the survival of colorectal cancer patients remains elusive. This study seeks to provide conclusive insights by examining the postoperative administration of Xihuang capsules, Pingxiao capsules, and Zilongjin tablets and its impact on the 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates among colorectal cancer patients.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted, involving 1,361 patients selected from the medical center. This retrospective study was carried out at a medical center in Tianjin, China. We assessed differences in postoperative OS and DFS between the control group and the medication group using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Additionally, propensity score matching was used to mitigate imbalances in baseline characteristics among patients.

Results:
Before propensity score matching, Xihuang capsules could prolong the 5-year OS (79.9% vs. 81.4%, P = 0.0480) and 5-year DFS (74.9% vs. 79.5%, P = 0.0046) of patients after surgery. Similar conclusions were obtained after propensity score matching: OS (74.8% vs. 78.3%, P = 0.0084), DFS (72.7% vs. 78.9%, P = 0.008). Patients taking Pingxiao capsules showed improved 5-year OS (77.2% vs. 84.0%, P = 0.0383) and 5-year DFS (69.9% vs. 80.0%, P = 0.0157) after propensity score matching. Patients taking Zilongjin tablets showed improvement in the 2-year OS (84.2% vs. 93.1%, P = 0.0390) and 1-year DFS (88.2% vs. 92.0%, P = 0.0320) after propensity score matching.

Conclusion:
Xihuang capsules and Pingxiao capsules significantly improved the 5-year OS and DFS of patients with colorectal cancer after surgery. Zilongjin tablets showed improvement in the 2-year OS and 1-year DFS after surgery for patients.
Reducing Readmissions Using Collaborative Care
Authors: Cawley-Chambers Melissa 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of Initiative:
After noting an elevated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease readmission rate for 2022, the inpatient Nurse Navigator at a rural nonprofit, 116-bed acute care facility in the State of Virginia met with interdisciplinary team (IDT) members to identify improvement efforts to decrease 30-day readmission rates.

Primary Practice Setting:
A 116-bed health care facility in Southside Virginia.

Methodology and Sample:
Quality improvement initiative aimed to decrease 30-day penalty readmission rates using a collaborative IDT approach, focusing on patients 65 years or older who are discharged home or to an assisted living facility with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumonia.

Results:
Compared to the readmission rates obtained in 2022, the 2023 readmission rates among the four diagnoses groups met or were under the disease-specific targets for 2023, supporting the efforts of the collaborative interdisciplinary approach to decrease 30-day readmission rates.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
Addressing community barriers and social determinants of health at the index admission. Collaborating with IDT members for a safe transition of care. Using the community paramedic program to provide additional resources to a rural community.
Pannexin-2 deficiency disrupts visual pathways and leads to ocular defects in zebrafish
Authors: Shanbhag Riya , Zoidl Georg S.O. , Nakhuda Fatema , Sabour Shiva , Naumann Heike , Zoidl Christiane , Bahl Armin , Tabatabaei Nima , Zoidl Georg R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPannexin-2 (Panx2) is a unique ion channel localized to ER-mitochondria contact sites. These dynamic and specialized microdomains are abundant in neurons and glia and essential for cellular signaling and metabolism. While synaptic interactions are well-studied, the role of intracellular contacts, such as those of ER-mitochondrial junctions, in neuronal function and neurodegeneration remains largely unexplored. To investigate the roles of Panx2 in neuronal communication, we meticulously examined its expression pattern in the zebrafish brain and used TALEN technology to generate homozygous Panx2 knockout (Panx2Δ11) zebrafish. Our results demonstrate thatpanx2mRNA is present in several brain regions, notably in visual centers such as the optic tectum and the thalamus. In 6 days post fertilization TL (Panx2+/+) larvae, Panx2 expression was observed in the inner and outer plexiform layers of the retina and the arborization fields of the optic tract. Transcriptome profiling ofPanx2Δ11larvae by RNA-seq analysis revealed down-regulation of vision-related genes, specifically those involved in visual and sensory perception and lens development. Behavioral tests showed that loss of Panx2 leads to an altered ability to interpret visual information, such as changes in ambient illuminations, and respond with the characteristic motor action.Panx2Δ11larvae exhibited reduced locomotor activity during light and increased activity during dark phases. Additionally, the knockout larvae displayed significantly impaired optomotor response (OMR). Lastly, when we tested the retinal structure of adult zebrafish eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT),Panx2Δ11fish revealed a longer mean axial length and a negative shift in retinal refractive error (RRE) values; both indicative of myopia. Our findings highlight a distinct, novel function of Panx2 in retinal development, visual perception, and ocular health, beyond its recognized roles in neurodevelopment and tumor-suppressing properties in cancer cells.
Why is implementing remote monitoring in virtual wards (Hospital at Home) for people living with frailty so hard? Qualitative interview study
Authors: Lindsay Rosie , Cunnington Paige , Dixon-Woods Mary 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is relatively low uptake of remote monitoring on frailty virtual wards compared to virtual wards caring for people with other medical conditions. However, reasons for low uptake are poorly understood.ObjectivesTo explore the views and experiences of frailty virtual wards stakeholders involved in implementing remote monitoring.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews with 42 stakeholders involved in delivery, design or evaluation of frailty virtual wards based in the United Kingdom (UK). Analysis was based on the constant comparative method.ResultsMany participants perceived that remote monitoring was only useful for a small sub-group of patients with frailty for a range of medical, practical and social reasons. Remote monitoring required new ways of working from patients, staff and carers. The nature of this work was not always sufficiently well understood, designed, or supported. Procurement practices were also seen to be mis-aligned with service needs, resulting in provision of equipment that was not fit for purpose. A further challenge in implementing remote monitoring in frailty virtual wards lay in tensions between national-level standardisation and enabling local flexibility.ConclusionsImplementing remote monitoring in frailty virtual wards is challenged by lack of consensus on its suitability for this population, the extent and nature of change in clinical practices and work systems design required, and issues relating to equipment and standardisation. More co-design effort is needed to inform decision-making on remote monitoring for those with frailty.
Genetic Risk of Axonal Neuropathy Following Infection
Authors: Harkness J. Robert , McDermott John H. , Marsden Shea , Jamieson Peter , Metcalfe Kay A. , Khan Naz , Macken William L. , Pitceathly Robert D.S. , Record Christopher J. , Maroofian Reza , Kloepas Kloepa , Sabir Ataf , Islam Lily , Santra Saikat , Durmusalioglu Enise Avci , Atik Tahir , Isik Esra , Cogulu Ozgur , Urquhart Jill E. , Beaman Glenda M. , Demain Leigh A. , Jackson Adam , Blakes Alexander J.M. , Byers Helen M. , Bennett Hayley , Lin Wei-Hsiang , Adamson Antony , Patel Sanjai , Yue Wyatt W. , Taylor Robert W. , Reunert Janine , Marquardt Thorsten , Buchert-Lo Rebecca , Haack Tobias , Losch Heike , Ryba Lukas , Lassuthova Petra , Valkovičová Radka , Haberlová Jana , Lauerová Barbora , Trúsiková Eva , Polavarapu Kiran , Kilicarslan Ozge Aksel , Lochmüller Hanns , Zamani Mina , Chamanrou Niloofar , Shariati Gholamreza , Sadeghian Saeid , Azizimalamiri Reza , Maddirevula Sateesh , AlMuhaizea Muhammad , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Horvath Rita , Gungor Serdal , Wakeling Emma , Manzur Adnan , Munot Pinki , Matthews Rachael , Banka Siddharth , Reilly Mary M. , Bennett Daimark , O’Keefe Raymond T. , Newman William G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhy some individuals experience severe neuropathy following infection is unknown. Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking (NCT) is an essential process in nucleated cells, and its disruption has been implicated in many neurodegenerative conditions including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia.MethodsWe performed genomic and clinical studies in 24 individuals from 12 families with acute onset axonal neuropathy. Genetic variants were characterized by thermal stability and enzymatic assays using recombinantly expressed protein. Protein localization was determined in patient fibroblasts using immunofluorescence following heat or oxidative stress. A humanizedDrosophilamodel was generated to determine the effect of stress onin vivofunction.ResultsWe identified deleterious biallelic variants in humanRCC1, encoding a GTP exchange factor essential in maintaining Ran GTPase-dependent NCT function. Clinical presentations ranged from a rapidly progressive, fatal axonal neuropathy with encephalopathy to a mild motor neuropathy resulting in impaired walking. In most patients (n=22/24), neurological presentation was secondary to infection, resulting in prior diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in 13. The efficiency of cellular Ran GDP-GTP exchange and the thermal stability of Rcc1 protein was reduced by disease-associated variants. Heat shock or oxidative stress revealed defects in Ran nuclear localization, impaired NCT, and TDP-43 mislocalization in patient fibroblasts. Disease associated variants were unable to rescue the thermosensitive phenotype of arcc1deficient hamster cell line.RCC1 Drosophilamodels revealed a fatal intolerance to oxidative stress.ConclusionWe describe a novel autosomal recessive acute onset axonal neuropathy triggered by infection caused by biallelicRCC1variants, which mimics GBS and has important mechanistic overlap with ALS.
Single-cell imaging reveals a key role of Bck2 in budding yeast cell size adaptation to nutrient challenges
Authors: Chadha Yagya , Kukhtevich Igor V. , Padovani Francesco , Schneider Robert , Schmoller Kurt M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCell size is tightly controlled to optimize cell function and varies broadly depending on the organism, cell type, and environment. The budding yeastS. cerevisiaehas been successfully used as a model to gain insights into eukaryotic cell size control. Multiple regulators of cell size in steady-state conditions have been identified, such as the G1/S transition activators Cln3 and Bck2 and the inhibitor Whi5. Individual deletions of these regulators result in populations with altered mean cell volumes. However, size homeostasis remains largely intact. Here, we show that although the roles of Bck2 and Cln3 for cell size regulation appear largely redundant in steady-state, a switch from fermentable to non-fermentable growth media reveals a unique role for Bck2 in cell size adaptation to changing nutrients. We use live-cell microscopy and machine learning-assisted image analysis to track single cells and their progeny through the nutrient switch. We find that after the switch,bck2Δcells experience longer cell cycle arrests and more arrest-associated enlargement than wild-type,whi5Δorcln3Δcells, indicating that Bck2 becomes the critical G1/S activator in changing nutrients. Our work demonstrates that studying size regulation during nutrient shifts to mimic the dynamic environments of free-growing microorganisms can resolve apparent redundancies observed in steady-state size regulation.
Changes in brain connectivity and neurovascular dynamics during dexmedetomidine-induced loss of consciousness
Authors: Fotiadis Panagiotis , McKinstry-Wu Andrew R. , Weinstein Sarah M. , Cook Philip A. , Elliott Mark , Cieslak Matthew , Duda Jeffrey T. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Shinohara Russell T. , Proekt Alexander , Kelz Max B. , Detre John A. , Bassett Dani S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the neurophysiological changes that occur during loss and recovery of consciousness is a fundamental aim in neuroscience and has marked clinical relevance. Here, we utilize multimodal magnetic resonance neuroimaging to investigate changes in regional network connectivity and neurovascular dynamics as the brain transitions from wakefulness to dexmedetomidine-induced unconsciousness, and finally into early-stage recovery of consciousness. We observed widespread decreases in functional connectivity strength across the whole brain, and targeted increases in structure-function coupling (SFC) across select networks— especially the cerebellum—as individuals transitioned from wakefulness to hypnosis. We also observed robust decreases in cerebral blood flow (CBF) across the whole brain—especially within the brainstem, thalamus, and cerebellum. Moreover, hypnosis was characterized by significant increases in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of the resting-state blood oxygen level-dependent signal, localized within visual and somatomotor regions. Critically, when transitioning from hypnosis to the early stages of recovery, functional connectivity strength and SFC—but not CBF—started reverting towards their awake levels, even before behavioral arousal. By further testing for a relationship between connectivity and neurovascular alterations, we observed that during wakefulness, brain regions with higher ALFF displayed lower functional connectivity with the rest of the brain. During hypnosis, brain regions with higher ALFF displayed weaker coupling between structural and functional connectivity. Correspondingly, brain regions with stronger functional connectivity strength during wakefulness showed greater reductions in CBF with the onset of hypnosis. Earlier recovery of consciousness was associated with higher baseline (awake) levels of functional connectivity strength, CBF, and ALFF, as well as female sex. Across our findings, we also highlight the role of the cerebellum as a recurrent marker of connectivity and neurovascular changes between states of consciousness. Collectively, these results demonstrate that induction of, and emergence from dexmedetomidine-induced unconsciousness are characterized by widespread changes in connectivity and neurovascular dynamics.
Continuous lesion images drive more accurate predictions of outcomes after stroke than binary lesion images
Authors: Hope Thomas M.H. , Neville Douglas , Seghier Mohamed L. , Price Cathy J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCurrent medicine cannot confidently predict who will recover from post-stroke impairments. Researchers have sought to bridge this gap by treating the post-stroke prognostic problem as a machine learning problem. Consistent with the observation that these impairments are caused by the brain damage that stroke survivors suffer, information concerning where and how much lesion damage they have suffered conveys useful prognostic information for these models. Much recent research has considered how best to encode this lesion information, to maximise its prognostic value. Here, we consider an encoding that, while not novel, has never before been formally examined in this context: ‘continuous lesion images’, which encode continuous evidence for the presence of a lesion, both within and beyond what might otherwise be considered the boundary of a binary lesion image. Current state of the art models employ information derived from binary lesion images. Here, we show that those models are significantly improved (i.e., with smaller Mean Squared Error between predicted and empirical outcome scores) when using continuous lesion images to predict a wide range of cognitive and language outcomes from a very large sample of stroke patients. We use further model comparisons to locate the predictive advantage to the provision of continuous lesion evidence beyond the boundary of binary lesion images. The continuous lesion images thus provide a straightforward way to incorporate details of both lesioned and non-lesioned tissue when predicting outcomes after stroke.
Microbicidal Mechanisms for Light-Activated Molecular Nanomachines inMycobacterium smegmatis: A Model for Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Galbadage Thushara , Liu Dongdong , Tour James M. , Cirillo Jeffrey D. , Gunasekera Richard S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is a global health crisis of antimicrobial resistance, with over a million deaths annually attributed to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, and mycobacterial infections are a major cause of antimicrobial-resistant infections, leading to more deaths than any other single infectious agent. Notably, the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drug-resistant (TDR) strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosisled to higher mortality rates and challenge all existing antibiotic regimens. Light-activated molecular nanomachines (MNMs) represent a promising class of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that could help counter this rise in antimicrobial resistance. Addressing a key knowledge gap, this study explores the mechanisms of action for MNMs inMycobacterium smegmatis, a surrogate model for pathogenic mycobacteria. We show that fast rotor MNMs kill up to 97% ofM. smegmatisand co-localize with the bacteria as part of their mechanism of action. The ability to translate these observations to pathogenic mycobacteria was demonstrated by the ability of MNMs to kill 93.5% ofM. tuberculosisunder similar conditions. These findings suggest that MNMs may provide innovative sustainable antimicrobial agents for the treatment of drug-resistant mycobacterial infections.Graphical AbstractBacteria exposed to MNMs have two distinct outcomes when activated by 365 nm light. Slow motors (MNM2and4)have no rotational action, remains outside the bacteria and have little to no effect on bacterial viability. Whereas fast motors (MNM1and3)co-localize and embed into the bacterial cell wall causing disruptions that lead to a significant reduction in bacterial viability.