bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vulnerable children's rights to participation, protection, and provision: The process of defining the problem in Swedish child and family welfare
Authors: Heimer Maria , Näsman Elisabet , Palme Joakim 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study addresses the relationship between children's participation and the protection and provision offered to them by social services in Sweden. It applies a theoretical framework for analysing child welfare that is anchored in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. How child participation may affect child protection and provision is examined empirically using case documentation from 2 municipalities. The main finding is that when children are not given voice or opportunity to influence the framing of what “the problem” is, the design of protection and care tends to be poorly matched to the actual problems documented in the child investigation and vice versa; when children can influence framing, this is associated with well‐matched protection and care. This suggests that traditional child welfare ethos, to the effect that protection should be of such overriding concern that children even should be protected from participation, is misguided. The study further illustrates the intrinsic problems with the family orientation of Swedish social services and its reliance on partnership with parents, which makes it difficult to live up to the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Incorporating child participation into existing service models can transform Swedish social services to an augmented child‐focused system that by ensuring participation also promotes protection and provision.
Dry and wet periods drive rapid shifts in community assembly in an estuarine ecosystem
Authors: Chang Andrew L. , Brown Christopher W. , Crooks Jeffrey A. , Ruiz Gregory M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe impacts of changing climate regimes on emergent processes controlling the assembly of ecological communities remain poorly understood. Human alterations to the water cycle in the western United States have resulted in greater interannual variability and more frequent and severe extremes in freshwater flow. The specific mechanisms through which such extremes and climate regime shifts may alter ecological communities have rarely been demonstrated, and baseline information on current impacts of environmental variation is widely lacking for many habitats and communities. Here, we used observations and experiments to show that interannual variation in winter salinity levels in San Francisco Bay controls the mechanisms determining sessile invertebrate community composition during the following summer. We found consistent community changes in response to decadal‐scale dry and wet extremes during a 13‐year period, producing strikingly different communities. Our results match theoretical predictions of major shifts in species composition in response to environmental forcing up to a threshold, beyond which we observed mass mortality and wholesale replacement of the former community. These results provide a window into potential future community changes, with environmental forcing altering communities by shifting the relative influences of the mechanisms controlling species distributions and abundances. We place these results in the context of historical and projected future environmental variation in the San Francisco Bay Estuary.
Who owns the Brazilian carbon?
Authors: Freitas Flavio L. M. , Englund Oskar , Sparovek Gerd , Berndes Göran , Guidotti Vinicius , Pinto Luís F. G. , Mörtberg Ulla 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBrazil is one of the major contributors to land‐use change emissions, mostly driven by agricultural expansion for food, feed, and bioenergy feedstock. Policies to avoid deforestation related to private commitments, economic incentives, and other support schemes are expected to improve the effectiveness of current command and control mechanisms increasingly. However, until recently, land tenure was unknown for much of the Brazilian territory, which has undermined the governance of native vegetation and challenged support and incentive mechanisms for avoiding deforestation. We assess the total extent of public governance mechanisms protecting aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks. We constructed a land tenure dataset for the entire nation and modeled the effects and uncertainties of major land‐use acts on protecting AGC stocks. Roughly 70% of the AGC stock in Brazil is estimated to be under legal protection, and an additional 20% is expected to be protected after areas in the Amazon with currently undesignated land undergo a tenure regularization. About 30% of the AGC stock is on private land, of which roughly two‐thirds are protected. The Cerrado, Amazon, and Caatinga biomes hold about 40%, 30%, and 20% of the unprotected AGC, respectively. Effective conservation of protected and unprotected carbon will depend on successful implementation of the Forest Act, and regularization of land tenure in the Amazon. Policy development that prioritizes unprotected AGC stocks is warranted to promote conservation of native vegetation beyond the legal requirements. However, different biomes and land tenure structures may require different policy settings considering local and regional specifics. Finally, the fate of current AGC stocks relies upon effective implementation of command and control mechanisms, considering that unprotected AGC in native vegetation on private land only accounts for 6.5% of the total AGC stock.
Reliability of three questions for the screening of advanced cognitive impairment in polypathological patients
Authors: Díez‐Manglano Jesús , Espuelas‐Monge María , Gomes‐Martín Javier , Lerín‐Sánchez Javier , Odriozola‐Grijalba Mónica , Piqueras‐Serrano Carmen , Sánchez‐Rubio‐Lezcano Pablo , Zamora‐Mur Alfredo 
Published: December 2017

AimTo determine whether answering three questions erroneously (“what is the date today?,” “when were you born?” and “how old are you?”) allows for the detection of advanced cognitive impairment in polypathological patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of patients admitted to the internal medicine and geriatrics departments was carried out. Advanced cognitive impairment was diagnosed when patients made 7–10 errors in the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire.ResultsWe included 441 polypathological patients, 330 of them from the internal medicine departments and 111 from the geriatrics department. Their mean age was 80.8 years (8.9 years). Of them, 141 (32.0%) answered one question incorrectly, 58 (13.1%) answered two and 89 (20.2%) answered all three questions incorrectly. The prevalence of advanced cognitive impairment was 27.7%. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the test were 0.705, 0.991, 0.966 and 0.898, respectively. The accuracy of the test was 0.912. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.947, 95% CI 0.923–0.970.ConclusionsThe three questions test has very good specificity and positive predictive value, and it can be used for the screening of advanced cognitive impairment in polypathological patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 441–447.
Prognostic effect of body mass index to mortality in Korean older persons
Authors: Kim Haksun , Yoon Jong L , Lee Aeyoung , Jung Yujin , Kim Mee Y , Cho Jung J , Ju Young S 
Published: December 2017

AimBody mass index (BMI) is regarded as a predictor of life expectancy and a determinant of mortality. However, the effect of age on BMI‐related mortality remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the prognostic effect of BMI to mortality risk among Korean older persons.MethodsData were collected from the Korean National Health Insurance Services’ Senior Cohort database. This study analyzed the data of 79 341 men and 91 298 women aged ≥65 years who underwent health examinations in the 2007 fiscal year. Individual mortality was identified 5 years after 2008. The participants were stratified into seven groups according to basal BMI. Hazard ratios of death were calculated through Cox proportional hazards model after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, exercise, alcohol intake and income.ResultsDuring the 5‐year follow up, 11 651 men and 7 235 women died. In both sexes, a lower BMI had a higher hazard ratio (HR), but the trend of increasing HR at high BMI was not clear. For men, the lowest HR was 0.79 (95% CI 0.71–0.87) at a BMI of 27.5–30.0 kg/m2. For women, the lowest HR was 0.84 (95% CI 0.78–0.91) at a BMI of 25.0–27.5 kg/m2. For both sexes, the relative mortality risk was associated with a lower BMI.ConclusionsA high BMI is not associated with increased mortality in older adults aged ≥65 years, whereas a lower BMI is associated with an increased mortality risk in later life in this population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 538–546.
Lean Product Development: Nothing New Under the Sun?
Authors: Salgado Eduardo Gomes , Dekkers Rob 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe concept of lean product development has attracted the attention of many scholars since its inception in the 1990s derived from practices at Toyota Motor Company. Key to this approach to new product development (NPD) are a few methods derived from lean production as well as longer established practices such as concurrent engineering. This makes one wonder whether lean product development is a new practice, a new method or an encapsulation of already existing methods at the time; this quest for the roots and tenets of lean product development, also in comparison with other methods for NPD, is the focus of this paper. This journey takes this propositional paper not only to the roots of lean product development and the context of its era of conception, but also to what this concept adds to other extant methods for NPD. In particular, this comparison draws out that other methods are trying to achieve the same objectives: the creation of products and services with value to the customer, the reduction of time‐to‐market and the efficient use of resources. This inference implies that managers of new product (and service) development can choose from a wider pallet of methods and approaches to enhance the performance of R&D and to connect better to manufacturing (including supply chains). Inevitably, this has implications for research on (lean) product and service development; hence, this paper sets out a research agenda based on the deliberations and gaps that have been uncovered in the discourse.
Immigrant nurses’ perceptions on cultural differences‐based job concerns: A phenomenological study in Shanghai China
Authors: Yu Haiping , Peng Youqing , Hung Yunying , Zhou Lin 
Published: December 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore the experiences of immigrant nurses working in Shanghai, China.BackgroundWith the development of China, population growth has been accelerating. Simultaneously, the number of immigrant nurses in Shanghai has been increasing dramatically. Meanwhile, their turnover rate is abnormally high, primarily because of job concerns stemming from cultural differences. An understanding of immigrant nurses’ job concerns caused by cultural differences can be used to help them to work more efficiently and cohesively. We aimed to investigate immigrant nurses’ lived experiences regarding job concerns caused by cultural differences in Shanghai, China.MethodsThis is a phenomenological study. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted with fifteen immigrant nurses from January–July 2016. Data were collected using audio‐taped face‐to‐face interviews; the narratives were then transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ResultsThe following three major themes emerged from the data: “communication difficulties,” “work adjustment difficulties” and “life adjustment difficulties.” The eight sub‐themes within these were as follows: (i) language barrier, (ii) inability to integrate oneself with the local culture, (iii) feelings of unfairness, (iv) difficulty asking for leave, (v) feeling stressed, (vi) not being acclimatised, (vii) feeling helpless and (viii) feeling guilt at being unable to take care of their family.ConclusionIt is important to implement appropriate training programmes on language and cultural adaptation for immigrant nurses. To enhance integrate immigrant nurses into Shanghai's society, more support needs to be provided.Relevance to clinical practiceAdministrators in hospitals should pay attention to immigrant nurses’ job concerns that are caused by cultural differences and provide timely and effective assistance.
Recanalization of native superficial femoral artery chronic total occlusion after failed femoropopliteal bypass in patients with critical limb ischemia
Authors: Li Zhenjiang , Feng Rui , Qin Feng , Zhao Zhiqing , Yuan Liangxi , Li Yiming , Liu Junjun , Feng Jiaxuan , Zhou Jian , Bao Junmin , Jing Zaiping 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the outcomes of endovascular recanalization for native superficial femoral artery (SFA) chronic total occlusion (CTO) in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) after femoropopliteal bypass failure with limited surgical revascularization options.BackgroundEndovascular recanalization of native artery occlusions has been recently used as a new alternative for threatened limbs after bypass graft occlusion. The feasibility and efficacy has not been widely reported.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 45 consecutive patients (45 limbs) undergoing endovascular recanalization of native SFA occlusion following failed femoropopliteal bypass between June 2010 and December 2016.ResultsAll limbs had Transatlantic Inter‐Society Consensus class C (26.7%, 12/45) or D (73.3%, 33/45) lesions with a mean lesion length of 29.8 cm. The technical success rate was 95.6% (43/45 limbs). The ABI showed a significant increase from 0.3 ± 0.1 pre‐procedure to 0.7 ± 0.1 post‐procedure (P < 0.01). Two early (<30 days) below‐knee amputations due to acute thrombotic ischemia occurred during perioperative period and resulted in one death due to myocardial infarction. The mean follow‐up was 42.7 months (1‐62 months). Two patients were lost to follow up. The primary patency rates at 12 and 36 months were 54% and 51%, respectively. Secondary patency rates at 12 and 36 months were 78% and 61%, respectively. Limb salvage rate was 95% and amputation‐free survival rate was 88% at both 12 and 36 months.ConclusionRecanalization of native SFA CTO due to failed femoropopliteal bypass offers a feasible and safe alternative to surgical reconstruction with acceptable limb salvage.
The utility of oral brush cytology in the early detection of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review
Authors: H. Alsarraf Abdulhameed , Kujan Omar , Farah Camile S. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to analyze the published evidence for the use of oral brush cytology for the early detection of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs).MethodsLiterature was systematically searched through several databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Additional review was performed through cross‐checks on the bibliographies of selected articles. The inclusion criteria involved studies assessing the utility of oral brush cytology on human tissues and its applications in the diagnosis, screening, or surveillance of oral cancer or OPMDs.ResultsThe search strategy resulted in 343 abstracts or full‐text articles, of which 36 met the inclusion criteria. The year of publication ranged from 1994 to 2017, and a total of 4302 samples from OPMDs, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and healthy controls have been investigated. Baby toothbrush, cytobrush, OralCDx®, and Orcellex® are the brushes that were used to obtain transepithelial mucosal samples for conventional and liquid‐based cytology evaluation.ConclusionsFindings from this study indicate that meaningful evidence‐based recommendations for the implementation of a minimally invasive technique to be utilized as an adjunctive tool for screening and early detection of oral cancer and OPMDs are complicated from the reported studies in the literature. There is need for well‐designed clinical studies to assess the accuracy of oral brush cytology utilizing validated cytological assessment criteria for the diagnosis and prediction of OPMDs.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Plasma from Dogs with Immune‐mediated Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Lawson C. , Smith S.A. , O'Brien M. , McMichael M. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are part of the innate immune response and are essential in local pathogen control, but are associated with pathological inflammation, organ damage, autoimmunity, and thrombosis. Immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a pro‐inflammatory, prothrombotic disease associated with high mortality.Hypothesis/ObjectivesNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a feature of the inflammatory process in dogs with IMHA. The objective of the study was to evaluate plasma from dogs with IMHA for the presence of 2 indirect markers and 1 direct marker of NETs.AnimalsHealthy client‐owned dogs (56) and hospitalized dogs with IMHA (n = 35).MethodsProspective study. Plasma samples for all dogs were evaluated for cell‐free DNA using a fluorescence assay, histone‐DNA (hisDNA) complex using an ELISA, and citrullinated histone H3 (specific for NETosis) using Western blot. Reference intervals were generated using plasma from healthy dogs.ResultsIn dogs with IMHA, cell‐free DNA concentration was above the reference interval in 17% of samples with a median (range) of 1.0 μg/mL (0.1–17.3), and hisDNA concentration was above the reference interval in 94% of samples with a median (range) of 30.7 × pooled normal plasma (PNP; 0.6–372.1). Western blot for citrullinated histone H3 identified detectable bands in 84% samples from dogs with IMHA.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe assay for cell‐free DNA detected evidence of NETs in fewer dogs than did the other approaches. Excessive NETs appears to be a feature of IMHA in dogs and contributions to the prothrombotic state deserve further study.
Species interactions weakly modify climate‐induced tree co‐occurrence patterns
Authors: Copenhaver‐Parry Paige E. , Bell David M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimsSpecies distributions are hypothesized to be underlain by a complex association of processes that span multiple spatial scales including biotic interactions, dispersal limitation, fine‐scale resource gradients and climate. Species disequilibrium with climate may reflect the effects of non‐climatic processes on species distributions, yet distribution models have rarely directly considered non‐climatic processes. Here, we use a Joint Species Distribution Model (JSDM) to investigate the influence of non‐climatic factors on species co‐occurrence patterns and to directly quantify the relative influences of climate and alternative processes that may generate correlated responses in species distributions, such as species interactions, on tree co‐occurrence patterns.LocationUS Rocky Mountains.MethodsWe apply a Bayesian JSDM to simultaneously model the co‐occurrence patterns of ten dominant tree species across the Rocky Mountains, and evaluate climatic and residual correlations from the fitted model to determine the relative contribution of each component to observed co‐occurrence patterns. We also evaluate predictions generated from the fitted model relative to a single‐species modelling approach.ResultsFor most species, correlation due to climate covariates exceeded residual correlation, indicating an overriding influence of broad‐scale climate on co‐occurrence patterns. Accounting for covariance among species did not significantly improve predictions relative to a single‐species approach, providing limited evidence for a strong independent influence of species interactions on distribution patterns.ConclusionsOverall, our findings indicate that climate is an important driver of regional biodiversity patterns and that interactions between dominant tree species contribute little to explain species co‐occurrence patterns among Rocky Mountain trees.
Transcriptional response of Nautella italica R11 towards its macroalgal host uncovers new mechanisms of host–pathogen interaction
Authors: Hudson Jennifer , Gardiner Melissa , Deshpande Nandan , Egan Suhelen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMacroalgae (seaweeds) are essential for the functioning of temperate marine ecosystems, but there is increasing evidence to suggest that their survival is under threat from anthropogenic stressors and disease. Nautella italica R11 is recognized as an aetiological agent of bleaching disease in the red alga, Delisea pulchra. Yet, there is a lack of knowledge surrounding the molecular mechanisms involved in this model host–pathogen interaction. Here we report that mutations in the gene encoding for a LuxR‐type quorum sensing transcriptional regulator, RaiR, render N. italica R11 avirulent, suggesting this gene is important for regulating the expression of virulence phenotypes. Using an RNA sequencing approach, we observed a strong transcriptional response of N. italica R11 towards the presence of D. pulchra. In particular, genes involved in oxidative stress resistance, carbohydrate and central metabolism were upregulated in the presence of the host, suggesting a role for these functions in the opportunistic pathogenicity of N. italica R11. Furthermore, we show that RaiR regulates a subset of genes in N. italica R11, including those involved in metabolism and the expression of phage‐related proteins. The outcome of this research reveals new functions important for virulence of N. italica R11 and contributes to our greater understanding of the complex factors mitigating microbial diseases in macroalgae.
Direct and indirect costs incurred by Australian living kidney donors
Authors: Barnieh Lianne , Kanellis John , McDonald Stephen , Arnold Jennifer , Sontrop Jessica M. , Cuerden Meaghan , Klarenbach Scott , Garg Amit X. , Boudville Neil ,   for the Donor Nephrectomy Outcomes Research (DONOR) Network
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAimTo describe the direct and indirect costs incurred by Australian living kidney donors.MethodsA total of 55 living kidney donors from three centres in Perth, Australia and one centre in Melbourne, Australia (2010–2014) was studied. Forty‐nine donors provided information on expenses incurred during the donor evaluation period and up to 3 months after donation. A micro‐costing approach was used to measure and value the units of resources consumed. Expenses were grouped as direct costs (ground and air travel, accommodation, and prescription medications) and indirect costs (lost wages and lost productivity). Costs were standardized to the year 2016 in Australian dollars.ResultsThe most common direct costs were for ground travel (100%), parking (76%), and post‐donation pain medications or antibiotics (73%). The highest direct costs were for air travel (median $1986 [three donors]) and ground travel (median $459 [49 donors]). Donors also reported lost wages (median $9891 [37 donors]). The inability to perform household activities or care for dependants were reported by 32 (65%) and 23 (47%) donors. Total direct costs averaged $1682 per donor (median $806 among 49 donors). Total indirect costs averaged $7249 per donor (median $7273 among 49 donors). Total direct and indirect costs averaged $8932 per donor (median $7963 among 49 donors).ConclusionMany Australian living kidney donors incur substantial costs during the donation process. Our findings inform the continued development of policies and programmes designed to minimize costs incurred by living kidney donors.