bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric headache trajectories – a reappraisal after nine years
Authors: Isensee Corinna , Hagmayer York , Fernandez Castelao Carolin , Kröner-Herwig Birgit 
Published: March 2017

Background The long-term consequences of paediatric headache can involve functional disabilities and mental health problems in adulthood. Objective To analyse the predictive power of paediatric headache trajectory classes for headache and related outcomes in adulthood. Methods In a previous study, a population-based sample (N = 3227, 9–14 years of age at first assessment) was followed across four annual assessment points, and sex-specific headache trajectory classes were identified (girls: “no pain”, “moderate pain”, “increasing pain”, “high pain”; boys: “no pain”, “moderate pain”). These trajectory classes were used to predict headache frequency, functional disability, depression, quality of life and self-efficacy nine years later (N = 994). Negative binomial regression analyses and pairwise comparisons were computed. Results Women showing an elevated trajectory (“increasing pain” or “high pain”) had a higher adult headache frequency and a poorer outcome on associated variables (functional disability, depression, quality of life, and self-efficacy) than women having a lower-level trajectory. Men of the “no pain” and “moderate pain” trajectory classes differed significantly from one another in their headache frequency and related variables. Conclusion Belonging to an elevated paediatric headache trajectory class involves a considerable risk for headache and headache-related problems in adulthood.
Characteristics of clients currently accessing a national online alcohol and drug counselling service
Authors: Garde Erin L , Manning Victoria , Lubman Dan I 
Published: March 2017

Objective: Multiple barriers contribute to low rates of help-seeking for problematic alcohol and other drug (AOD) use in Australia, and highlight the importance of flexible delivery models. This study explored the characteristics of clients accessing a national AOD online counselling service (Counselling Online) over time and across jurisdictions. Method: 2003 clients completed a brief demographics questionnaire before commencing their Counselling Online session. Demographic (e.g. gender, primary drug of concern) and service provision (timing of session, length of session) characteristics were explored to build a profile of individuals accessing online support for AOD concerns. Results: Service provision and client characteristics remained relatively stable over time; alcohol remained the most common drug of concern, but methamphetamines overtook cannabis as the second most common drug of concern. Consistency in characteristics was also observed across states and territories, except for clients in the Northern Territory, where amphetamines were the most common primary drug of concern, and counselling sessions were significantly longer. Discussion: Counselling Online continues to be a wide-reaching, easily accessible service for those concerned about their or others substance use. The characteristics of clients who access the service also suggest that it is responsive to contemporary needs and concerns.
Analysis of an ordinal endpoint for use in evaluating treatments for severe influenza requiring hospitalization
Authors: Peterson Ross L , Vock David M , Powers John H , Emery Sean , Cruz Eduardo Fernandez , Hunsberger Sally , Jain Mamta K , Pett Sarah , Neaton James D ,   for the INSIGHT FLU-IVIG Study Group
Published: March 2017

Background/AimsA single best endpoint for evaluating treatments of severe influenza requiring hospitalization has not been identified. A novel six-category ordinal endpoint of patient status is being used in a randomized controlled trial (FLU-Intravenous Immunoglobulin - FLU-IVIG) of intravenous immunoglobulin. We systematically examine four factors regarding the use of this ordinal endpoint that may affect power from fitting a proportional odds model: (1) deviations from the proportional odds assumption which result in the same overall treatment effect as specified in the FLU-IVIG protocol and which result in a diminished overall treatment effect, (2) deviations from the distribution of the placebo group assumed in the FLU-IVIG design, (3) the effect of patient misclassification among the six categories, and (4) the number of categories of the ordinal endpoint. We also consider interactions between the treatment effect (i.e. factor 1) and each other factor.MethodsWe conducted a Monte Carlo simulation study to assess the effect of each factor. To study factor 1, we developed an algorithm for deriving distributions of the ordinal endpoint in the two treatment groups that deviated from proportional odds while maintaining the same overall treatment effect. For factor 2, we considered placebo group distributions which were more or less skewed than the one specified in the FLU-IVIG protocol by adding or subtracting a constant from the cumulative log odds. To assess factor 3, we added misclassification between adjacent pairs of categories that depend on subjective patient/clinician assessments. For factor 4, we collapsed some categories into single categories.ResultsDeviations from proportional odds reduced power at most from 80% to 77% given the same overall treatment effect as specified in the FLU-IVIG protocol. Misclassification and collapsing categories can reduce power by over 40 and 10 percentage points, respectively, when they affect categories with many patients and a discernible treatment effect. But collapsing categories that contain no treatment effect can raise power by over 20 percentage points. Differences in the distribution of the placebo group can raise power by over 20 percentage points or reduce power by over 40 percentage points depending on how patients are shifted to portions of the ordinal endpoint with a large treatment effect.ConclusionProvided that the overall treatment effect is maintained, deviations from proportional odds marginally reduce power. However, deviations from proportional odds can modify the effect of misclassification, the number of categories, and the distribution of the placebo group on power. In general, adjacent pairs of categories with many patients should be kept separate to help ensure that power is maintained at the pre-specified level.
Longitudinal change in pulmonary arterial capacitance as an indicator of prognosis and response to therapy and in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Medrek Sarah K. , Kloefkorn Chad , Nguyen Duc T.M. , Graviss Edward A. , Frost Adaani E. , Safdar Zeenat 
Published: March 2017

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic progressive disease that leads to right heart failure and death. Pulmonary arterial capacitance (PAC), defined as stroke volume divided by the pulmonary pulse pressure, has been identified as a prognostic factor in PAH. The impact of changes in PAC over time, however, is unclear. We evaluated changes in PAC over time to determine if such changes predicted transplant‐free survival. A single‐center retrospective study of consecutive group 1 PAH patients who had two or more right heart catheterizations (RHC) between January 2007 and June 2016 was undertaken. Hemodynamic data, clinical data, and outcomes were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional‐hazards modelling to identify the contribution of risk factors for a composite outcome of death or lung transplantation was done. Mixed‐effects logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between the change in PAC value over time and the composite outcome. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. In total, 109 consecutive patients with a total of 300 RHC data were identified. PAC correlated inversely with functional status (P < 0.001) and inversely with pulmonary vascular resistance (P < 0.001). PAC values increased with the addition of new PAH‐specific medications. Mixed effects logistic regression modeling using longitudinal data showed that a decrease in PAC over the study period was associated with increased mortality and transplantation (adjusted P = 0.039) over the study period. Change in PAC was a better predictor of outcome over the study period than baseline PAC or changes in other hemodynamic or clinical parameters. Decreases in PAC were predictive of increased mortality or transplantation in patients with group 1 PAH. There was a trend towards increased PAC in response to the addition of a PAH‐specific medication. Our data support the use of PAC as a therapeutic target in PAH.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension: Specialists’ knowledge, practices, and attitudes of genetic counseling and genetic testing in the USA
Authors: Jacher Joseph E. , Martin Lisa J. , Chung Wendy K. , Loyd James E. , Nichols William C. 
Published: March 2017

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by obstruction of pre‐capillary pulmonary arteries, which leads to sustained elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure. Identifying those at risk through early interventions, such as genetic testing, may mitigate disease course. Current practice guidelines recommend genetic counseling and offering genetic testing to individuals with heritable PAH, idiopathic PAH, and their family members. However, it is unclear if PAH specialists follow these recommendations. Thus, our research objective was to determine PAH specialists’ knowledge, utilization, and perceptions about genetic counseling and genetic testing. A survey was designed and distributed to PAH specialists who primarily work in the USA to assess their knowledge, practices, and attitudes about the genetics of PAH.Participants’ responses were analyzed using parametric and non‐parametric statistics and groups were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. PAH specialists had low perceived and actual knowledge of the genetics of PAH, with 13.2% perceiving themselves as knowledgeable and 27% actually being knowledgeable. Although these specialists had positive or ambivalent attitudes about genetic testing and genetic counseling, they had poor utilization of these genetic services, with almost 80% of participants never or rarely ordering genetic testing or referring their patients with PAH for genetic counseling. Physicians were more knowledgeable, but had lower perceptions of the value of genetic testing and genetic counseling compared to non‐physicians (P < 0.05). The results suggest that increased education and awareness is needed about the genetics of PAH as well as the benefits of genetic testing and genetic counseling for individuals who treat patients with PAH.
Simvastatin‐induced sphingosine 1−phosphate receptor 1 expression is KLF2‐dependent in human lung endothelial cells
Authors: Sun Xiaoguang , Mathew Biji , Sammani Saad , Jacobson Jeffrey R. , Garcia Joe G. N. 
Published: March 2017

We have demonstrated that simvastatin and sphingosine 1−phosphate (S1P) both attenuate increased vascular permeability in preclinical models of acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. As Krüppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2) serves as a critical regulator for cellular stress response in endothelial cells (EC), we hypothesized that simvastatin enhances endothelial barrier function via increasing expression of the barrier‐promoting S1P receptor, S1PR1, via a KLF2‐dependent mechanism. S1PR1 luciferase reporter promoter activity in human lung artery EC (HPAEC) was tested after simvastatin (5 μM), and S1PR1 and KLF2 protein expression detected by immunoblotting. In vivo, transcription and expression of S1PR1 and KLF2 in mice lungs were detected by microarray profiling and immunoblotting after exposure to simvastatin (10 mg/kg). Endothelial barrier function was measured by trans‐endothelial electrical resistance with the S1PR1 agonist FTY720‐(S)‐phosphonate. Both S1PR1 and KLF2 gene expression (mRNA, protein) were significantly increased by simvastatin in vitro and in vivo. S1PR1 promoter activity was significantly increased by simvastatin (P < 0.05), which was significantly attenuated by KLF2 silencing (siRNA). Simvastatin induced KLF2 recruitment to the S1PR1 promoter, and consequently, significantly augmented the effects of the S1PR1 agonist on EC barrier enhancement (P < 0.05), which was significantly attenuated by KLF2 silencing (P < 0.05). These results suggest that simvastatin upregulates S1PR1 transcription and expression via the transcription factor KLF2, and consequently augments the effects of S1PR1 agonists on preserving vascular barrier integrity. These results may lead to novel combinatorial therapeutic strategies for lung inflammatory syndromes.
All the colours of the dark: Film genre and the Italian giallo
Authors: Kannas Alexia 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Recent scholarship on the giallo film – and Italian horror more broadly – has emphasized the use of the Italian term filone (‘thread’ or ‘streamlet’) instead of ‘genre’ to describe the particular production contexts of Italian genre film in the post-war period. This article considers how and why the giallo problematizes film genre as it is traditionally conceived, and argues that the giallo film is uniquely positioned to pose fundamental questions about genre as a theoretical system, as well as to question the task of genre criticism itself. Through an examination of historical approaches to film genre via the giallo case study, the article shows how this group of films debunks theories of generic evolution and complicates the notion of generic hybridity. Whilst challenging the cultural hegemony of Hollywood, framing the giallo as a genre demands a radical conceptualization of genre systems that more readily accommodates their propensity to shift and change over time.
Within the perpetual pentagram: Religious discourse in the Hawai‘i metal scene
Authors: Olson Benjamin Hedge 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This article explores the religious dimensions of the metal scene in the Hawaiian Islands. While most scenes are large enough or have enough access to external scenes to segregate overtly Christian metal from metal that is hostile to Christianity, the metal scene in Hawai‘i must accommodate a wide range of religious perspectives as a result of its small size and geographic isolation. Bands that glorify Satanism or are deeply critical of Christianity must share stages with aggressively evangelical bands, creating significant discursive tension within the scene. As in metal scenes across the globe, the metal scene in Hawai‘i is preoccupied with religion in a variety of ways. How this religious preoccupation play itself out reflects local tension, hostilities and anxieties within the scene in question.
Slashing through the boundaries: Heavy metal fandom, fan fiction and girl cultures
Authors: Hoad Catherine 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This article explores the creation and circulation of online fan fiction about heavy metal performers. Heavy metal fan fiction, which is overwhelmingly created and consumed by young women, allows girls not only to actively assert themselves within this form of music fandom, but also to renegotiate hegemonic codes of hyper-heterosexual masculinity within heavy metal discourses. The queering of metal masculinity through slash (male/male) fiction further demonstrates how such practices deconstruct heavy metal’s gender norms and actually slash the rigid strictures of metal masculinity in the process. These constellations of sexuality, gender and metal fandom have thus enabled girls to redefine their own resistant spaces within a masculinist subculture.
Editorial: Brain, mind and educational technology
Authors: Lodge Jason M , Kennedy Gregor , Lockyer Lori 
Published: March 2017

The emergence and growth of research in cognitive neuroscience over recent decades has led to important discoveries about how the brain and mind work. These discoveries have potential implications for the use of educational technologies and provide insight into possibilities for improving student learning in digital environments. Despite the promise of the emerging field of educational neuroscience, it is difficult to translate findings from the laboratory to the physical or virtual classroom. The articles in this special issue of AJET are attempts to bridge this gap. We hope that this special issue will serve as a catalyst for further work on the translation of foundational research on the brain and mind to learning design and teaching with educational technologies.
Editorial 32(5): A question of ethics
Authors: Heinrich Eva , Henderson Michael , Lee Chwee Beng 
Published: March 2017

The rapid change of technologies and the social and pedagogical practices that surround them mean that institutional procedures and the published field are often lagging behind. Those of us who work in the field of educational technology need to recognise that satisfying the requirements of institutional ethics compliance may not satisfy a broader ethical responsibility to our research participants. We face opportunities and threats based on the ever-increasing recording of data and the correlation of those data in a variety of areas in our lives. Teaching and learning is no different, with its opportunities to connect data across institutional repositories, reporting on micro, meso and macro levels. The field of learning analytics is grappling with the issues of ethics on a variety of dimensions, ranging from privacy and consent to the responsibilities around reporting.
The characterizations of upper approximation operators based on special coverings
Authors: Wang Pei , Li Qingguo 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the approximation operators

${\overline {apr} _{NS}}$
and

${\overline {apr} _S}$
which are based on NS(U) and S. We not only obtain some properties of NS(U) and S, but also give examples to show some special properties. We also study sufficient and necessary conditions when they become closure operators. In addition, we give general and topological characterizations of the covering for two types of covering-based upper approximation operators being closure operators.
Molecular Population Genetics
Authors: Casillas Sònia , Barbadilla Antonio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMolecular population genetics aims to explain genetic variation and molecular evolution from population genetics principles. The field was born 50 years ago with the first measures of genetic variation in allozyme loci, continued with the nucleotide sequencing era, and is currently in the era of population genomics. During this period, molecular population genetics has been revolutionized by progress in data acquisition and theoretical developments. The conceptual elegance of the neutral theory of molecular evolution or the footprint carved by natural selection on the patterns of genetic variation are two examples of the vast number of inspiring findings of population genetics research. Since the inception of the field, Drosophila has been the prominent model species: molecular variation in populations was first described in Drosophila and most of the population genetics hypotheses were tested in Drosophila species. In this review, we describe the main concepts, methods, and landmarks of molecular population genetics, using the Drosophila model as a reference. We describe the different genetic data sets made available by advances in molecular technologies, and the theoretical developments fostered by these data. Finally, we review the results and new insights provided by the population genomics approach, and conclude by enumerating challenges and new lines of inquiry posed by increasingly large population scale sequence data.
Unusual discovery after an examination for abdominal pain: Abernethy 1b malformation and liver adenomatosis. A case report
Authors: Chira Romeo Ioan , Calauz Adriana , Manole Simona , Valean Simona , Mircea Petru Adrian 
Published: March 2017

Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (Abernethy malformation) is a rare condition characterized by developmental abnormalities of the portal venous system resulting in the diversion of the portal blood from the liver to the systemic venous system through a complete or partial shunt of the portomesenteric blood. We report the case of an 18 year-old female examined for abdominal pain, presenting cholestasis syndrome and an elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase level. Liver ultrasound examination revealed the absence of the portal vein with a complete extrahepatic shunt of the portal blood, multiple focal liver lesions, and multiple associated vascular anomalies. A surgical portosystemic shunt and a secondary portosystemic shunt due to portal vein thrombosis were excluded, enabling the diagnosis of a congenital portosystemic shunt. A complex investigation also discovered bone anomalies, and the liver biopsy of the dominant focal lesion revealed adenoma. On a short-term follow-up under hepatoprotective medication, the biochemical parameters improved mildly; however, the size of the main focal lesion increased.Congenital absence of the portal vein often remains an incidental diagnosis. In experienced hands, ultrasonography can diagnose it, but a comprehensive thoraco-abdominal evaluation is compulsory, considering the many potential associated anomalies. In these patients, development of adenomatous liver lesions secondary to Abernethy type Ib malformation represents an indication for liver transplantation.Abbreviations: AMA: anti-mitochondrial antibodies; ASMA: anti-smooth muscle antibody; ANA: anti-nuclear antibody; anti-LKM-1: liver-kidney microsomal type 1 antibodies; CEPS: congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt; IVC: inferior vena cava; SMV: superior mesenteric vein; SV: splenic vein.
Variability in Antibiotic Prescribing for Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Handy Lori K. , Bryan Matthew , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Zaoutis Theoklis , Feemster Kristen A. 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Published guidelines recommend amoxicillin for most children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), yet macrolides and broad-spectrum antibiotics are more commonly prescribed. We aimed to determine the patient and clinician characteristics associated with the prescription of amoxicillin versus macrolide or broad-spectrum antibiotics for CAP.METHODS:Retrospective cohort study in an outpatient pediatric primary care network from July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2013. Patients prescribed amoxicillin, macrolides, or a broad-spectrum antibiotic (amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, cephalosporin, or fluoroquinolone) for CAP were included. Multivariable logistic regression models were implemented to identify predictors of antibiotic choice for CAP based on patient- and clinician-level characteristics, controlling for practice.RESULTS:Of 10 414 children, 4239 (40.7%) received amoxicillin, 4430 (42.5%) received macrolides and 1745 (16.8%) received broad-spectrum antibiotics. The factors associated with an increased odds of receipt of macrolides compared with amoxicillin included patient age ≥5 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 6.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.53–6.91), previous antibiotic receipt (aOR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.56–2.04), and private insurance (aOR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.28–1.70). The predicted probability of a child being prescribed a macrolide ranged significantly between 0.22 and 0.83 across clinics. The nonclinical characteristics associated with an increased odds of receipt of broad-spectrum antibiotics compared with amoxicillin included suburban practice (aOR: 7.50; 95% CI: 4.16–13.55) and private insurance (aOR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.18–1.71).CONCLUSIONS:Antibiotic choice for CAP varied widely across practices. Factors unlikely related to the microbiologic etiology of CAP were significant drivers of antibiotic choice. Understanding drivers of off-guideline prescribing can inform targeted antimicrobial stewardship initiatives.