bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief report: Using global positioning system (GPS) enabled cell phones to examine adolescent travel patterns and time in proximity to alcohol outlets
Authors: Byrnes Hilary F. , Miller Brenda A. , Morrison Christopher N. , Wiebe Douglas J. , Remer Lillian G. , Wiehe Sarah E. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAs adolescents gain freedom to explore new environments unsupervised, more time in proximity to alcohol outlets may increase risks for alcohol and marijuana use. This pilot study: 1) Describes variations in adolescents' proximity to outlets by time of day and day of the week, 2) Examines variations in outlet proximity by drinking and marijuana use status, and 3) Tests feasibility of obtaining real‐time data to study adolescent proximity to outlets. U.S. adolescents (N = 18) aged 16–17 (50% female) carried GPS‐enabled smartphones for one week with their locations tracked. The geographic areas where adolescents spend time, activity spaces, were created by connecting GPS points sequentially and adding spatial buffers around routes. Proximity to outlets was greater during after school and evening hours. Drinkers and marijuana users were in proximity to outlets 1½ to 2 times more than non‐users. Findings provide information about where adolescents spend time and times of greatest risk, informing prevention efforts.
Diurnal dynamics of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in shoots and rhizomes of a perennial in a constructed wetland indicate down-regulation of below ground oxygen consumption
Authors: Faußer Anna C. , Dušek Jiří , Čížková Hana , Kazda Marian 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Wetland plants actively provide oxygen for aerobic processes in submerged tissues and the rhizosphere. The novel concomitant assessment of diurnal dynamics of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations under field conditions tests the whole-system interactions in plant-internal gas exchange and regulation. Oxygen concentrations ([O 2 ]) were monitored in-situ in central culm and rhizome pith cavities of common reed ( Phragmites australis ) using optical oxygen sensors. The corresponding carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO 2 ]) were assessed via gas samples from the culms. Highly dynamic diurnal courses of [O 2 ] were recorded, which started at 6.5–13 % in the morning, increased rapidly up to 22 % during midday and declined exponentially during the night. Internal [CO 2 ] were high in the morning (1.55–17.5 %) and decreased (0.04–0.94 %) during the rapid increase of [O 2 ] in the culms. The observed negative correlations between [O 2 ] and [CO 2 ] particularly describe the below ground relationship between plant-mediated oxygen supply and oxygen use by respiration and biogeochemical processes in the rhizosphere. Furthermore, the nocturnal declining slopes of [O 2 ] in culms and rhizomes indicated a down-regulation of the demand for oxygen in the complete below ground plant-associated system. These findings emphasize the need for measurements of plant-internal gas exchange processes under field conditions because it considers the complex interactions in the oxic-anoxic interface.
Language contact and world Englishes
Authors: ONYSKO ALEXANDER 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTLanguage contact has continued to play a role in world Englishes research, but its potential for analyzing Englishes and for mapping their diversity has not yet been applied in a comprehensive manner. This introduction to the special issue addresses different facets of the connection between language contact and world Englishes. The seven articles of the special issue are briefly outlined, showing the relevance of taking a contact linguistic approach to understanding world Englishes both from a theoretical and an empirical point of view.
Translating Sorrow
Authors: Edwards Scott L. 
Published: May 2016

In the multilingual environments of Central European cities and courts, Italian musicians found a receptive market for their music. There they confronted a range of linguistic abilities that encouraged innovative approaches to musical composition and publication. Recent rediscovery of the opening sheets of Giovanni Battista Pinello’s 1584 Primo libro dele neapolitane enables us to assess one Genoese composer’s experience of a multi-ethnic, Central European milieu during an unprecedented migrational wave. As chapelmaster at the electoral court in Dresden with ties to aristocratic circles in Prague, Pinello also issued a German version that can be sung, according to the composer, simultaneously with the napolitane.
This study examines the Central European market for Italian music, the role of the Holy Roman Empire in facilitating Italian migration, and cultural challenges foreign musicians faced in their new homes. Nineteenth-century myths of nationhood depended on histories of folk-like immobility, but in fact migration was a basic condition of early modern European life. Music historians have long been aware of individual musicians’ travels from the Low Countries in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, along with a new trend, emerging around 1600, toward northward emigration by Italian musicians. Nonetheless, there is much more to say about the social underpinnings of such movements. Pinello’s fusion of languages, poetic forms, and registers invites us to reimagine the multi-ethnic complexion of Central European musical centers in the late sixteenth century.
El CmapTools en estudiantes universitarios para desarrollar pensamiento crítico
Authors: Sánchez Uceda Martha Adriana , López Regalado Oscar 
Published: May 2016

El pensamiento crítico en la gran mayoría de estudiantes universitarios, es deficiente; por ello, los docentes proponen métodos, generalmente haciendo uso de tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación, como es el caso de software educativos que, ayuden a desarrollar en los estudiantes, un juicio crítico que les permita enfrentar los retos de la vida profesional en la que deberán desenvolverse; es por ello, que se pensó en la aplicación de CmapTools, como herramienta tecnológica, para ayudar a los estudiantes a desarrollar este tipo de pensamiento superior. La investigación es explicativa y aplicada, de diseño cuasi experimental. Los grupos control y experimental fueron seleccionados al azar, a partir de grupos pre existentes, cada uno de ellos consideraba a los estudiantes matriculados en una asignatura durante el primer semestre del año 2015 en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Privada Antonio Guillermo Urrelo. Para el estudio se elaboró y validó un cuestionario que respondieron los estudiantes de los grupos control y experimental antes y después de la aplicación del programa conteniendo actividades con CmapTools. Los resultados indican que antes de la aplicación del programa, la mayoría de estudiantes nunca o casi nunca hicieron uso de las dimensiones del pensamiento crítico; pero, luego de la aplicación del mismo se observó que, mientras en el grupo control los resultados fueron similares a lo obtenido en el pretest, para el grupo experimental el 1,09% nunca hizo uso de las dimensiones del pensamiento crítico; el 24,12% a veces lo hizo; el 48,75% casi siempre lo hizo y el 25,53% siempre utilizó estas dimensiones. Se concluye que el programa con actividades utilizando CmapTools, favorece el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, en los estudiantes universitarios.
Plant density and intra-row spacing effects on phenology, dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of maize in second cropping
Authors: Sharifi Raouf Seyed , Namvar Ali 
Published: May 2016

Crop phenology is one of the most important aspects of crop yield determination and it is essential to predicting physiological responses under varying field conditions. In order to evaluate plant density and intra-row spacing effects on phenology, dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index of maize in second cropping, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted at the research farm of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Experimental factors were: plant population at three levels (7, 9, and 11 plants m–2) with three levels of intra-row spacing (45, 60, and 75 cm). The results showed that the maximum plant height (179.07 cm), total dry matter (592 g m–2) in 83–91 days after sowing, days to 50% anthesis (45 days), days to 50% silking (50 days), LAI (4.07) in 63–70 days after sowing were observed in the plots with 11 plants m–2 and intra-row spacing of 45 cm. Based on the results, it was concluded that application of 11 plants m–2 with row spacing of 45 cm can be recommended for profitable maize production.
Ozone export from East Asia: The role of PAN
Authors: Jiang Zhe , Worden John R. , Payne Vivienne H. , Zhu Liye , Fischer Emily , Walker Thomas , Jones Dylan B. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPeroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is an important ozone (O3) precursor. The lifetime of PAN is approximately 1 month in the free troposphere, and this allows O3 production to occur in pollution plumes at intercontinental distances from its source. In this study we use the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)‐Chem global chemical transport model, new satellite measurements of PAN from the Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), and data from the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) field campaign over North America, to study the role of natural and anthropogenic Asian emissions on free tropospheric (900–400 hPa) PAN distributions and subsequent O3 production. Using the ARCTAS data with GEOS‐Chem, we show that while GEOS‐Chem is unbiased with respect to the aircraft data, TES version 7 PAN data are biased high for regions with surface temperatures colder than 285 K. However, GEOS‐Chem and TES measurements provide a consistent representation (within 15% difference) of PAN abundance over East Asia. Because of the good agreement between model and observations, we use the GEOS‐Chem model to evaluate the sources of PAN precursors and the effect of free tropospheric PAN on the export of O3 from Asia to North America. The GEOS‐Chem model results show that the largest contributors to free tropospheric PAN over Asia and the northern Pacific are anthropogenic and soil NOx emissions. Biomass burning emissions have important contributions to free tropospheric PAN over northern Pacific (25% in April), while the contribution from lightning over northern Pacific is significant in July (40%). Strong springtime transport in April results in more export of free tropospheric PAN and O3 from East Asian emissions. This free tropospheric PAN contributes about 35% to the abundance of free tropospheric O3 over western North America in spring and 25% in summer.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts. Part 1. Synthesis of Unsupported Powders.
Authors: LEE J. S. , OYAMA S. T. , BOUDART M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe preparation of hexagonal Mo2C of high specific surface areas from 50 to 100 m2 g‐1 and CO uptake number density of 5.0·1014 cm‐2 is accomplished by temp.‐programmed reaction of MoO3 of low specific surface area in a flowing CH4/H2 mixture.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrocatalysis of Anodic Oxygen‐Transfer Reactions. Effect of Groups IIIA and VA Metal Oxides in Electrodeposited β‐Lead Dioxide Electrodes in Acidic Media.
Authors: YEO I.‐H. , JOHNSON D. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRate constants have been measured for the anodic oxidation of Mn2+ in 1.0 M HClO4 at PbO2‐based mixed oxide electrodes as a function of high doping levels of Group IIIA and VA metal oxides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Structure‐Activity Relationship for the Estimation of Rate Constants for the Gas‐Phase Reactions of OH Radicals with Organic Compounds.
Authors: ATKINSON R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe structure‐activity relationship published by the author (1986) is further updated and extended to allow OH radical reaction rate constants for organic compounds containing ‐NH2, =NH, and =N‐ groups and S atoms to be calculated at room temp. and atmospheric pressure of air.
Abundance correction for mass discrimination effects in polymer mass spectra
Authors: Engler Martin S. , Crotty Sarah , Barthel Markus J. , Pietsch Christian , Schubert Ulrich S. , Böcker Sebastian 
Published: May 2016

RationaleMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) is frequently used to analyze homo‐ and copolymers, i.e. for computing copolymer fingerprints. However, the oligomer abundances are influenced by mass discrimination, i.e. mass‐ and composition‐dependent ionization. We have developed a computational method to correct the abundance bias caused by the mass discrimination.MethodsMALDI‐TOFMS in combination with computational methods was used to investigate three random copolymers with different ratios of styrene and isoprene. Furthermore, equimolar high‐ and low‐mass styrene and isoprene homopolymers (2500 and 4200 Da) were mixed and also analyzed by MALDI‐TOFMS. The abundances of both copolymers and homopolymers were corrected for mass discrimination effects with our new method.ResultsThe novel computational method was integrated into the existing COCONUT software. The method was demonstrated using the measured styrene and isoprene co‐ and homopolymers. First, the method was applied to homopolymer spectra. Subsequently, the copolymer fingerprint was computed from the copolymer MALDI mass spectra and the correcting function applied. The changes in the composition are plausible, indicating that correction of copolymer abundances was reasonable.ConclusionsOur computational method may help to avoid erroneous conclusions when analyzing copolymer MS spectra. The software is freely available and represents a step towards comprehensive computational support in polymer science. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UFMylation: A Unique & Fashionable Modification for Life
Authors: Wei Ying , Xu Xingzhi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is one of the newly-identified ubiquitin-like proteins. Similar to ubiquitin, UFM1 is conjugated to its target proteins by a three-step enzymatic reaction. The UFM1-activating enzyme, ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 5 (UBA5), serves as the E1 to activate UFM1; UFM1-conjugating enzyme 1 (UFC1) acts as the E2 to transfer the activated UFM1 to the active site of the E2; and the UFM1-specific ligase 1 (UFL1) acts as the E3 to recognize its substrate, transfer, and ligate the UFM1 from E2 to the substrate. This process is called ufmylation. UFM1 chains can be cleaved from its target proteins by UFM1-specific proteases (UfSPs), suggesting that the ufmylation modification is reversible. UFM1 cascade is conserved among nearly all of the eukaryotic organisms, but not in yeast, and associated with several cellular activities including the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and hematopoiesis. Furthermore, the UFM1 cascade is closely related to a series of human diseases. In this review, we summarize the molecular details of this reversible modification process, the recent progress of its functional studies, as well as its implication in tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic targets for cancer.
Conclusion
Authors: Eve Martin Paul 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Pynchon’s work sits at the crossroads of many theoretical thinkers. However, this study demonstrates that it is not the case, as has previously been supposed, that Pynchon’s citation of early Wittgenstein aligns him with this philosopher. Instead, from this initial observation, it has emerged that Pynchon’s novels enact a mournful nostalgia for a regulative utopian state; a utopia indefinitely suspended through Pynchon’s essentialist stance towards human nature. This is not a nostalgia for any lost, past situation1 — in V. Pynchon terms this ‘a phony nostalgia’ (156), a ‘sickness for the past’ (336) — but rather a hope for that which does not exist and is never to come. In this sense, much of his writing can be seen to turn towards the systems of ethics as they pertain to Enlightenment, revolution and ipseity in the late works of Michel Foucault. Finally, proceeding from this notion of a regulative utopia, an exploration of the consistent thought of Theodor W. Adorno reveals a deep-rooted affinity to Pynchon’s writing on the philosophical, political and aesthetic levels.
A systematic approach for reviewing research capacity within Zimbabwe's national blood service
Authors: Mapako T. , Mafirakureva N. , Mutenherwa M. , Bvuma G. , Mvere D. A. , Marowa L. M. , Emmanuel J. C. , Bates I. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundBlood services need to undertake research to improve their strategic goals, operational effectiveness and promote evidence‐based policies. NBSZ has a long history of active research and undertook a systematic review of its research capacity to guide its new research strategy. In the absence of a published approach for research capacity assessment for national blood services, a framework to assess research capacity in African universities was used.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 85 NBSZ internal and external stakeholders. The interview topics were based on eight areas covered by the framework used to assess universities' research systems. Information was verified through triangulation, and recommended actions emerging from the review were validated at a national stakeholder workshop. The appropriateness of the framework for use in the setting of blood services was also evaluated.ResultsSynthesis of information from the multiperspective interviews highlighted key areas of NBSZ's research capacity for improvement, in particular better dissemination of NBSZ's research priorities and closer ties with academics and their institutions for preparing research proposals and jointly undertaking research projects. With minor adaptations, the framework was found to be applicable to NBSZ, and no aspects of research capacity were identified which were not covered by the framework.DiscussionOur results indicate that it is feasible and useful to apply a structured process to review the research capacity of blood services. However, the framework needs to be tested in blood services and other non‐university setting to assess its usefulness and transferability.
A TALE OF TWO NARROW-LINE REGIONS: IONIZATION, KINEMATICS, AND SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR A LOCAL PAIR OF MERGING OBSCURED ACTIVE GALAXIES
Authors: Hainline Kevin N. , Hickox Ryan C. , Chen Chien-Ting , Carroll Christopher M. , Jones Mackenzie L. , Zervos Alexandros S. , Goulding Andrew D. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We explore the gas ionization and kinematics, as well as the optical-IR spectral energy distributions for UGC 11185, a nearby pair of merging galaxies hosting obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs), also known as SDSS J181611.72+423941.6 and J181609.37+423923.0 (J1816NE and J1816SW, z ≈ 0.04). Due to the wide separation between these interacting galaxies (∼23 kpc), observations of these objects provide a rare glimpse of the concurrent growth of supermassive black holes at an early merger stage. We use BPT line diagnostics to show that the full extent of the narrow-line emission in both galaxies is photoionized by an AGN, and confirm the existence of a 10 kpc-scale ionization cone in J1816NE, while in J1816SW the AGN narrow-line region is much more compact (1–2 kpc) and relatively undisturbed. Our observations also reveal the presence of ionized gas that nearly spans the entire distance between the galaxies, which is likely in a merger-induced tidal stream. In addition, we carry out a spectral analysis of the X-ray emission using data from XMM-Newton. These galaxies represent a useful pair to explore how the [O iii] luminosity of an AGN is dependent on the size of the region used to explore the extended emission. Given the growing evidence for AGN “flickering” over short timescales, we speculate that the appearances and impacts of these AGNs may change multiple times over the course of the galaxy merger, which is especially important given that these objects are likely the progenitors of the types of systems commonly classified as “dual AGNs.”
Genetic and morphological diversity in Stachys lavandulifolia (Lamiaceae) populations
Authors: Sheidai Masoud , Taban Fatemeh , Talebi Seyed Mehdi , Noormohammadi Zahra 
Published: May 2016

Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. (Lamiaceae) is an important medicinal plant that grows in different parts of Iran and forms many geographical populations. We have no information on its population genetic structure, genetic diversity, and morphological variability in Iran. Therefore, we planned a genetic and morphological investigation in St. lavandulifolia geographical populations in Iran. The obtained data are important for conservation and germplasm management of this medicinal plant species. Seventy-four plants were randomly collected from 14 geographical populations and studied for genetic diversity (ISSR molecular markers) and morphological variability. The highest value for gene diversity occurred in populations 1 and 4 (0.133 and 0.129, respectively). The latitude and altitude were positively correlated with gene diversity and genetic polymorphism while longitude was negatively correlated with them. The Mantel test showed correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. AMOVA revealed a significant genetic difference among populations and showed that 58% of total genetic variation was due to within-population diversity. The STRUCTURE analysis and K-Means clustering identified two gene pools for St. lavandulifolia. The consensus tree of both molecular and morphological data identified divergent populations.
Pacific‐Atlantic Circumpolar Deep Water coupling during the last 500 ka
Authors: Ullermann Johannes , Lamy Frank , Ninnemann Ulysses , Lembke‐Jene Lester , Gersonde Rainer , Tiedemann Ralf 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInvestigating the interbasin deepwater exchange between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans over glacial‐interglacial climate cycles is important for understanding circum‐Antarctic Southern Ocean circulation changes and their impact on the global Meridional Overturning Circulation. We use benthic foraminiferal δ13C records from the southern East Pacific Rise to characterize the δ13C composition of Circumpolar Deep Water in the South Pacific, prior to its transit through the Drake Passage into the South Atlantic. A comparison with published South Atlantic deepwater records from the northern Cape Basin suggests a continuous water mass exchange throughout the past 500 ka. Almost identical glacial‐interglacial δ13C variations imply a common deepwater evolution in both basins suggesting persistent Circumpolar Deep Water exchange and homogenization. By contrast, deeper abyssal waters occupying the more southern Cape Basin and the southernmost South Atlantic have lower δ13C values during most, but not all, stadial periods. We conclude that these values represent the influence of a more southern water mass, perhaps Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). During many interglacials and some glacial periods, the gradient between Circumpolar Deep Water and the deeper southern Cape Basin bottom water disappears suggesting either no presence of AABW or indistinguishable δ13C values of both water masses.
ChemInform Abstract: o‐Alkylation of Phenol by 1‐Hexene in the Presence of Aluminum Phenolate.
Authors: BELIK M. YU. , KOZLIKOVSKII YA. B. , KOSHCHII V. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhenol (I) reacts with 1‐hexene (II) in the presence of aluminum phenolate (III) to give a mixture of the phenol ether (IV) and the mono‐ and disubstituted phenols (V) ‐ (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Stereoisomeric Alkyl‐ and Phenyl‐Substituted 5‐Cyano‐3,4‐ piperidinediols.
Authors: TYVORSKII V. I. , TISHCHENKO I. G. , KUKHAREV A. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe acyloxiranes (I) react with the 3‐alkylaminopropionitriles (II) to give the cyanoethylaminoketones (III) which undergo cyclization on treatment with sodium tert‐butylate, forming the cyanopiperidinedioles (IV) ‐ (VI).