bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Agronomic Performance and Resistance to Cercospora (Cercospora sojina) Leaf Spot of Selected Soya bean Genotypes in Western Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Abadi Assefa , Araya Goiteom , Negash Weres , Belay Yirga , Baraki Fisha , Atsbha Alem , Grmay Dargie 
Published: October 2024

Aim of the current study was to evaluate soya bean genotypes for yield and yield traits and cercospora (Cercosporasojina) leaf spot disease under field condition. Field experiment was conducted at Humera district during 2018 cropping season using 16soya bean genotypes. Treatments were evaluated with RCBD and replicated three times. Number of days from planting to days of flowering and days of maturity, number of pod per plant, pod shattering, seed yield and cercospora leaf spot disease were showed a significant (P<0.01) variation among genotypes. All varieties were moderately resistance to pod shattering except PN13-1 (3.1) was moderately susceptible and Parc-3, Parc-5 and PN13-10were resistance. Highest yields were recorded from genotypes PN13-2 at 20.32q/ha and PN13-9 at 19.77q/ha. On the other hand, the lowest yields were recorded from genotypes PN13-3 at 7.49q/ha and PN13-1 at 9.95q/ha. Genotypes PN13-2 and PN13-7 have been identified as displaying resistance to Cercospora leaf spot. Highest disease severity recorded in genotypes Awassa 04 and PN13-1. Further research is needed in future to cover a wide range of environments and genotypes to screen high yielder and cercospora leaf spot disease resistance.
Predicting Sargassum blooms in the Caribbean Sea from MODIS observations
Authors: Wang Mengqiu , Hu Chuanmin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecurrent and significant Sargassum beaching events in the Caribbean Sea (CS) have caused serious environmental and economic problems, calling for a long‐term prediction capacity of Sargassum blooms. Here we present predictions based on a hindcast of 2000–2016 observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), which showed Sargassum abundance in the CS and the Central West Atlantic (CWA), as well as connectivity between the two regions with time lags. This information was used to derive bloom and nonbloom probability matrices for each 1° square in the CS for the months of May–August, predicted from bloom conditions in a hotspot region in the CWA in February. A suite of standard statistical measures were used to gauge the prediction accuracy, among which the user's accuracy and kappa statistics showed high fidelity of the probability maps in predicting both blooms and nonblooms in the eastern CS with several months of lead time, with overall accuracy often exceeding 80%. The bloom probability maps from this hindcast analysis will provide early warnings to better study Sargassum blooms and prepare for beaching events near the study region. This approach may also be extendable to many other regions around the world that face similar challenges and opportunities of macroalgal blooms and beaching events.
Microspectroscopy in Forensic Science
Authors: Reffner John A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMicrospectroscopy is a family of technologies used for chemical analysis of evidence on a microscopic size scale. It is a combination of microscopy and analytical spectroscopy. Microscopy is the science of creating, recording, and interpreting magnified images. Analytical spectroscopy is the science of emission, absorption, reflection, or scattering of radian energy to determine structure, properties, or composition. Microspectroscopy technologies are grouped according to the type of incident energy used and the physical nature of its interaction with matter. Electron beams, X‐rays, ultraviolet, visible, and infrared (IR) radiations are all used in microspectroscopy. Because of its versatility, microspectroscopy is applied in various forms by forensic evidence examiners. The fundamental advantages of microspectroscopical techniques are the ability to detect items of interest, record images, analyze the composition of small amounts of sample, and document spectral data. In addition, microspectral analyses are generally possible without destroying the sample. These advantages make microspectroscopy a valuable tool for the forensic laboratories to detect and study trace evidence.
Portable Systems for Energy‐Dispersive
X
‐Ray Fluorescence Analysis
Authors: Ridolfi Stefano 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Portable energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometers are very useful and popular in many fields for the on‐site analysis of elements because EDXRF is a nondestructive, multielemental, and inexpensive technique that is extremely well suited for the analysis of inorganic materials.
An EDXRF spectrometer mainly consists of an X‐ or γ‐ray excitation source, an X‐ray detector with electronics, and a pulse‐height analyzer. Recent technological developments have resulted in small, low‐power, dedicated X‐ray tubes; thermoelectrically cooled semiconductor detectors; and small pulse‐height analyzers. Therefore, completely portable EDXRF spectrometers are available that can be assembled on‐site, with the size of a book and a weight that is as light as 300 g (using an X‐ray tube) or less (using a radioactive source). These spectrometers can be employed for on‐site analysis in various fields, such as works of art, alloys, soil, environmental samples, forensic medicine, paper, waste materials, mineral ores and their products, or anywhere a portable apparatus would be required.

This article reviews the present status of the development and application of portable EDXRF systems. The various components of a portable system are described, including the radiation source, i.e. small, low‐power, dedicated X‐ray tubes, or, alternatively, radioactive sources that emit X‐rays or low‐energy γ‐rays, and X‐ray detectors, i.e. semiconductor detectors, with a special emphasis on the more recent thermoelectrically cooled X‐ray detectors (Si‐Positive–Intrinsic–Negative [Si‐PIN], Si‐drift detector (SDD), CdTe, HgI
2
, and others).

Commercial systems are considered, and the most common and significant applications are described, with particular emphasis on the analysis of works of art.
Nanoscale Secondary‐Ion Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Biological Structures
Authors: Kubota Kengo , Morono Yuki , Ito Motoo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNanoscale secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) is a revolutionary ion microprobe combining ultrahigh spatial resolution (∼50 nm) with high analytical sensitivity. NanoSIMS is particularly well suited for isotopic and elemental imaging, enabling the detection of 5–7 ion species simultaneously with high mass resolution. After the first application of NanoSIMS to biological samples was reported in 2004, NanoSIMS imaging has opened a new era for understanding biological material transfer and cycling, for example, by tracking carbon and nitrogen assimilation directly. Here, we describe the principles of NanoSIMS and its application to biological samples, particularly to analyses of environmental microorganisms, as well as development of NanoSIMS‐compatible methods for linking metabolic activity and microbial phylogeny.
Single‐Cell Analysis
Authors: Klepárník Karel , Ledvina Vojtěch 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The growing interest of analytical chemists in the research and practical applications of single‐cell analysis (SCA) is demonstrated by permanently increasing number of scientific papers, reviews, and specialized conferences in the past decade. Nowadays, the field of SCA becomes divided into areas of single‐cell genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Specially developed SCA technologies include cell preparation techniques, separation of cellular components, and selective and sensitive detection or identification. Microfluidic devices for single‐cell manipulation and purification are widely applied as diagnostic and therapeutic clinical tools in oncology, immunotherapy, and autoimmune diseases. Apparent is a shift from pure basic research papers and feasibility studies to investigations that yielded new biological insights. Fundamental achievements can be expected in cancer biology, neurobiology, stem cell research, and monitoring of xenobiotics and drugs in tissue sections.
Analysis of Biodiesel
Authors: Knothe Gerhard 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBiodiesel is a biogenic alternative to diesel fuel derived from petroleum. It is produced by a transesterification reaction from materials consisting largely of triacylglycerols such as vegetable and other plant oils, animal fats, used cooking oils, and ‘alternative’ feedstocks such as algal oils. The variety of feedstocks that biodiesel can be derived from entails that biodiesel from different sources can have different properties depending on its composition, especially the fatty acid profile, and that the composition of the feedstock, in this case, especially the presence of extraneous materials, can influence the production process. Moreover, biodiesel is miscible with petrodiesel in all ratios, and blends of these two fuels can also be used to power diesel engines. Consequently, analysis of biodiesel has to deal with a variety of issues including the nature and quality of the feedstock, monitoring the production process, analyzing the biodiesel product for specifications in quality standards, assessing the properties of the biodiesel, and biodiesel–petrodiesel blend level determination. This chapter provides a brief synopsis of these issues and the methods used to analyze them.
Comprehensive Petroleomics: Multiple Mass Spectrometry Strategies for Crude Oil Characterization
Authors: Angolini Célio F.F. , Pudenzi Marcos A. , Batezelli Alessandro , Eberlin Marcos N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPetroleum is one of the most complex mixtures in the world, and there are records of its use since 3000 BC. Today, the humankind is still dependent on petroleum and its derivatives in many ways. As the main market of the oil industry is in selling molecules, the chemical composition of oil determines its economic value; therefore, the development of new techniques to characterize oil composition is extremely important. In this article, we intend to show how far mass spectrometry (MS) has gone to fulfill the necessities of the oil industry and petroleum characterization in petroleomic field. Better techniques for petroleum characterization are discussed as also how to measure the efficiency and quality of analysis. Finally, we illustrate the uses of MS in the field with some study cases of success.
Taking Advantage of Fluorescent‐Based Tools to Puzzle out Successes and Failures of Antibiotics to Inactivate Infectious Bacteria
Authors: Boudjemaa Rym , Briandet Romain , Steenkeste Karine , Fontaine‐Aupart Marie‐Pierre 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn microbiology, fluorescence tools have undoubtedly proven their performance to analyze in real‐time, non‐invasively and quantitatively, the structure, composition, processes, and dynamics of microbial communities. Importantly, the available fluorescence‐based methods enable to decipher multiscale events implicated in the failures and successes of antibiotics treatments. The goal of this article is to review the large range of fluorescence techniques and probes and their interest (i) to study bacterial cells viability in vitro and in vivo under antibiotics exposure, (ii) to elucidate the mechanisms of action of these drugs, and (iii) to dissect bacterial mechanisms to resist and tolerate antibiotics action.
Asymmetric Organocatalytic Synthesis of Benzopyran‐ and Benzofuran‐Fused Polycyclic Acetals
Authors: Yang Jiyang , Qiu Gang , Jiang Jing , Hu Yanwei , Chen Shaohua , Zhang Shilei , Zhang Yinan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn efficient organocatalytic method for the asymmetric preparation of benzopyran‐ and benzofuran‐fused polycyclic acetals is described for the first time. This useful approach includes an interesting tunable Michael–acetalization of nitrostyrenes or α‐aromatization–acetalization of quinones. Under mild conditions, simple cyclic hemiacetals could be stereoselectively converted into four different types of polyheterocycles that serve as scaffolds for a number of bioactive natural products.magnified image
Sustainability of Environment‐Assisted Energy Transfer in Quantum Photobiological Complexes
Authors: Zloshchastiev Konstantin G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIt is shown that quantum sustainability is a universal phenomenon which emerges during environment‐assisted electronic excitation energy transfer (EET) in photobiological complexes (PBCs), such as photosynthetic reaction centers and centers of melanogenesis. We demonstrate that quantum photobiological systems must be sustainable for them to simultaneously endure continuous energy transfer and keep their internal structure from destruction or critical instability. These quantum effects occur due to the interaction of PBCs with their environment which can be described by means of the reduced density operator and effective non‐Hermitian Hamiltonian (NH). Sustainable NH models of EET predict the coherence beats, followed by the decrease of coherence down to a small, yet non‐zero value. This indicates that in sustainable PBCs, quantum effects survive on a much larger time scale than the energy relaxation of an exciton. We show that sustainable evolution significantly lowers the entropy of PBCs and improves the speed and capacity of EET.
Effect of nano‐TiO2 surface modification on polarization characteristics and corona aging performance of polyimide nano‐composites
Authors: Lu Haowei , Lin Jiaqi , Yang Wenlong , Liu Lizhu , Wang Yu , Chen Gaoru , Huang Wei 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTUsing coupling agent isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (ICTOS) to modified nano‐TiO2, the polyimide (PI) with different titanium dioxide (TiO2) contents (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt %) doped nano‐composites were prepared by sol–gel method (PI/TiO2 ICTOS composites). The effect of ICTOS modification on polarization and time‐to‐breakdown properties of composites were investigated by thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) method, dielectric, and Corona aging measurements. The TSDC spectra show that ICTOS modification enhanced α‐peak intensity and make β‐peak disappear in composites. Relevant trap parameters were calculated by an approximate model, and the results indicate that introduction of ICTOS is effective for the charge carrier traps, activation energy distribution in composites. Corona aging measurement show corona resistance was also sufficient improved in PI/TiO2 ICTOS composites. The changes of activation energy and intensity of traps in composites may be responsible for the corona resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45101.
Perception of odors and tastes in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review of assessments
Authors: Boudjarane Mohamed A. , Grandgeorge Marine , Marianowski Rémi , Misery Laurent , Lemonnier Éric 
Published: March 2017

Olfaction and gustation are major sensory functions implied in processing environmental stimuli. Some evidences suggest that loss of olfactory function is an early biomarker for neurodegenerative disorders and atypical processing of odor and taste stimuli is present in several neurodevelopmental disorders, notably in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).In this paper, we conducted a systematic review investigating the assessments of olfaction and gustation with psychophysics methods in individuals with ASD. Pubmed, PMC and Sciencedirect were scrutinized for relevant literature published from 1970 to 2015. In this review, fourteen papers met our inclusion criteria. They were analyzed critically in order to evaluate the occurrence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in ASD, as well as to report the methods used to assess olfaction and gustation in such conditions.Regarding to these two senses, the overall number of studies is low. Most of studies show significant difference regarding to odor or taste identification but not for detection threshold. Overall, odor rating through pleasantness, intensity and familiarity do not differ significantly between control and individuals with ASD.The current evidences can suggest the presence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in ASD. Therefore, our analysis show a heterogeneity of findings. This is due to several methodological limitations such as the tools used or population studied. Understanding these disorders could help to shed light on other atypical behavior in this population such as feeding or social behavior. Autism Res 2017, 0: 000–000. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1045–1057. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of liquid chromatography hybrid triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry for the detection of emodin metabolites in rat bile and urine
Authors: Wu Songyan , Zhang Yaqing , Zhang Zunjian , Song Rui 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEmodin is the representative form of rhubarb, which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of purgative, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative and antiviral, etc. Previous reports demonstrated that emodin glucuronide was the major metabolite in plasma. Owing to the extensive conjugation reactions of polyphenols, the aim of this study was to identify the metabolites of emodin in rat bile and urine. Neutral loss and precursor ion scan methods of triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer revealed 13 conjugated metabolites in rat bile and 22 metabolites in rat urine, which included four phase I and 18 phase II metabolites. The major metabolites in rat biosamples were emodin glucuronoconjugates. Moreover, rhein monoglucuronide, chrysophanol monoglucuronide and rhein sulfate were proposed for the first time after oral administration of emodin. Overall, liquid chromatography hybrid triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis leads to the discovery of several novel emodin metabolites in rat bile and urine and underscores that conjugated with glucuronic acid is the main metabolic pathway.
Radiation attenuating hand cream: Better than bare
Authors: Goldstein James A. 
Published: March 2017

Key Points

Occupational radiation exposure is associated with cataracts and cancer concerns, and linked indirectly to orthopedic injuries attributed to burdensome lead aprons
Bismuth‐based radiation attenuation hand cream reduces exposure by 40%.
This advance offers a simple protective step forward for interventional cardiologists in general and especially for pediatric specialists whose hands are closer to the X‐ray source
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacogenomics, Safety, and Tolerability of Avatrombopag in Healthy Japanese and White Subjects
Authors: Nomoto Maiko , Pastino Gina , Rege Bhaskar , Aluri Jagadeesh , Ferry Jim , Han David 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAvatrombopag, an orally administered, small‐molecule thrombopoietin receptor (c‐Mpl) agonist, is currently in clinical development for the potential treatment of severe thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic liver disease undergoing an elective procedure. The objectives of this study were to characterize and compare the pharmacokinetics (including the food effect) and pharmacodynamics (platelet count) of avatrombopag following single doses in Japanese and white subjects. Following single dosing under fasted and fed conditions, mean peak concentrations occurred at 5 to 8 hours and subsequently declined with a half‐life of 16 to 18 hours in Japanese and white subjects. Administration with food did not alter the rate or extent of avatrombopag absorption but substantially reduced pharmacokinetic variability relative to the fasted state. CYP2C9 polymorphism (*2, *3) was associated with higher pharmacokinetic variability but not with any clinically important effect on variability in platelet response. Plasma exposures of avatrombopag increased in a dose‐proportional manner over the dose range tested. After a single dose, platelet count increased in a dose‐related manner, reaching a maximum by day 11 and returning to baseline levels by day 27. No clinically important differences were found when avatrombopag pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were compared between Japanese and white subjects. Administration of avatrombopag was generally well tolerated.
Gene panel analysis for nonsyndromic cryptogenic neonatal/infantile epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Fung Cheuk‐Wing , Kwong Anna Ka‐Yee , Wong Virginia Chun‐Nei 
Published: March 2017

SummaryObjectiveEpileptic encephalopathy (EE) is a heterogeneous condition associated with deteriorations of cognitive, sensory and/or motor functions as a consequence of epileptic activity. The phenomenon is the most common and severe in infancy and early childhood. Genetic‐based diagnosis in EE patients is challenging owing to genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of numerous monogenic disorders and the fact that thousands of genes are involved in neurodevelopment. Therefore, high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was used to investigate the genetic causes of non‐syndromic cryptogenic neonatal/infantile EE (NIEE).MethodsWe have selected a cohort of 31 patients with seizure cryptogenic NIEE and seizure onset before 24 months. All investigations including metabolic work‐up, were negative. Using NGS, we distinguished a panel of 430 epilepsy‐associated genes by NGS was utilized to identify possible pathogenic variants in the patients. Segregation analysis and multiple silico analysis prediction tools were used for pathogenicity assessment. The identified variants were classified as “pathogenic,” “likely pathogenic” and “uncertain significance,” according to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines.ResultsPathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in six genes (ALG13 [1], CDKL5 [2], KCNQ2 [2], PNPO [1], SCN8A [1], SLC9A6 [2]) in 9 NIEE patients (9/31; 29%). Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were found in DNM1 and TUBA8 in 2 NIEE patients (2/31; 6%). Most phenotypes in our cohort matched with those reported cases.SignificanceThe diagnostic rate (29%) of pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants was comparable to the recent studies of early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy, indicating that gene panel analysis through NGS is a powerful tool to investigate cryptogenic NIEE in patients. Six percent of patients had neurometabolic disorders. Some of our diagnosed cases illustrated that successful molecular investigation may allow a better treatment strategy and avoid unnecessary and even invasive investigations. Functional analysis could be performed to further study the pathogenicity of the VUS identified in DNM1 and TUBA8.
Reactive Hybrid of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) and Sulfur as a Building Block for Self‐Healing Materials
Authors: Lin Ho‐Keng , Liu Ying‐Ling 
Published: March 2017

This work demonstrates a new reactive and functional hybrid (S‐MMA‐POSS) of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and sulfur prepared with a direct reaction between a multifunctional methacrylated POSS compound (MMA‐POSS) and elemental sulfur (S8) through the “inverse vulcanization” process. S‐MMA‐POSS is an effective building block for imparting self‐healing ability to the corresponding thermally crosslinked POSS‐containing nanocomposites through a self‐curing reaction and co‐curing reaction with conventional thermosetting resins. Moreover, S‐MMA‐POSS is also a useful precursor for preparation of materials with high transparency in mid‐infrared region.
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