bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in children and adolescents with intellectual disability in southeastern Poland
Authors: Wyszyńska J. , Podgórska‐Bednarz J. , Leszczak J. , Mazur A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is insufficient information on the prevalence of hypertension (HPT) among children and adolescents with ID.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPT in children and adolescents with ID in comparison with the control group, which accounted for children and adolescents without ID.MethodsThe study included 568 students with ID, aged from 7 to 18, attending special education institutions in southeastern Poland. The control group consisted of 568 students (matched to the study group for age and gender) without ID, attending randomly selected elementary and secondary schools located in the same area. Blood pressure was measured in compliance with the European Society of Hypertension recommendations.ResultsThe overall prevalence of HPT and pre‐HPT in children and adolescents with ID were 18.5 and 20.6% respectively. Prevalence of HPT and pre‐HPT in children and adolescents without ID were 5.8 and 18.5% respectively. Children and adolescents with a higher level of ID were found to be at a greater risk of HPT. An excessive body mass and older age were predisposing factors to a significantly higher prevalence of HPT in children and adolescents with ID.ConclusionThe prevalence of HPT among students with ID was more than three times higher than in the general population. The level of ID, age, sex and body mass significantly correlated with HPT in the study group.
Restoring jawline contour with calcium hydroxylapatite: A prospective, observational study
Authors: Baspeyras Martine , Dallara Jean‐Marie , Cartier Hugues , Charavel Marie‐Hélène , Dumas Laurent 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBackgroundJawline reshaping by replacing volume has become an indispensable component of modern facial rejuvenation.AimTo evaluate calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) for the treatment of an aging jawline in a routine setting.MethodsFive investigators enrolled 35 subjects requesting jawline rejuvenation with CaHA. Injections were performed according to investigators usual practice. Baseline and post‐treatment scores were evaluated using Merz Aesthetics Scales®. Follow‐up visits took place at Day 30 (Day 60 for those with touch‐up at Day 30), 180, and 360. Physician and patient satisfaction, esthetic impact of treatment, and adverse events were recorded.ResultsImprovements in jawline contour compared with baseline were statistically significant at each visit, with scores of 2.42 (moderate to severe sagging) at baseline, 1.02 (mild) at Day 30/60 (P≤.0001), 1.11 at Day 180 (P≤.0001), and 1.45 at Day 360 (P=.0015). Statistically significant improvements in marionette line scores were also observed. Investigators rated results as “improved” to “very much improved” in all subjects up to Day 180, and in 81% of subjects at Day 360. Satisfaction with treatment was very high. Adverse events were mostly mild and related to either the procedure or injection technique.ConclusionCaHA is a very effective agent for restoring jawline contour in routine practice and is associated with high levels of physician and patient satisfaction.
Termite mounds vary in their importance as sources of vegetation heterogeneity across savanna landscapes
Authors: Muvengwi Justice , Witkowski Edward T. F. , Davies Andrew B. , Parrini Francesca 
Published: July 2017

AbstractQuestionsTermite mounds are known to host a suite of unique plants compared with the surrounding savanna matrix. However, most studies testing the significance of mounds for ecosystem heterogeneity have been conducted at single sites. Mound effects on savanna heterogeneity across varying landscapes are less well understood, and how effects might vary across geological types and mounds of different sizes is as yet unknown.LocationGonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe.MethodsWe studied effects of termite mounds on vegetation spatial heterogeneity across two geologies (granite and basalt), including effects of mound size and the spatial extent of termite influence. Herbaceous vegetation was sampled on mounds and savanna matrix plots, and along distance transects away from mounds. Soil nutrients on mounds and in the matrix were also compared between geologies.ResultsSoil nutrients were more concentrated in large mounds compared with the matrix on granite, but not on basalt, with mounds therefore acting as nutrient hotspots only on nutrient‐poor granite. Large‐ and medium‐sized mounds hosted compositionally different grass species to the matrix on granite, but not on basalt. Large mounds on granite also had significantly lower grass and forb species richness compared with the matrix. However, small mounds on granite, and all mound size categories on basalt, did not have an effect on grass and forb species richness or assemblage composition, an observation attributed to a lack of difference in soil nutrients between the mounds and matrix.ConclusionOur study shows that the significance of termite mounds to ecosystem spatial heterogeneity is strongly influenced by geology and mound size, with mound effects on herbaceous plant species heterogeneity more pronounced in dystrophic geologies and around large mounds. Future studies should take greater cognisance of landscape context and mound size when seeking to understand the contribution of termite mounds to ecosystem structure and function.
Erwinia amylovora catalases KatA and KatG are virulence factors and delay the starvation‐induced viable but non‐culturable (VBNC) response
Authors: Santander Ricardo D. , Figàs‐Segura Àngela , Biosca Elena G. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe life cycle of the plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora comprises periods inside and outside the host in which it faces oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other compounds. The sources of this stress are plant defences, other microorganisms and/or exposure to starvation or other environmental challenges. However, the functional roles of H2O2‐neutralizing enzymes, such as catalases, during plant–pathogen interactions and/or under starvation conditions in phytopathogens of the family Erwiniaceae or closely related families have not yet been investigated. In this work, the contribution of E. amylovora catalases KatA and KatG to virulence and survival in non‐host environments was determined using catalase gene mutants and expression, as well as catalase activity analyses. The participation of E. amylovora exopolysaccharides (EPSs) in oxidative stress protection was also investigated. Our study revealed the following: (i) a different growth phase regulation of each catalase, with an induction by H2O2 and host tissues; (ii) the significant role of E. amylovora catalases as virulence and survival factors during plant–pathogen interactions; (iii) the induction of EPSs by H2O2 despite the fact that apparently they do not contribute to protection against this compound; and (iv) the participation of both catalases in the detoxification of the starvation‐induced intracellular oxidative stress, favouring the maintenance of culturability, and hence delaying the development of the viable but non‐culturable (VBNC) response.
Ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying after breakfast in healthy preschool children
Authors: Sümpelmann Anne E. , Sümpelmann Robert , Lorenz Michael , Eberwien Ilona , Dennhardt Nils , Boethig Dietmar , Russo Sebastian G. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBackgroundIn current guidelines, 6 hours of fasting is recommended for solids to limit the risk of pulmonary aspiration during anesthesia in children. Ultrasonography has recently been introduced to evaluate gastric volumes in children in the context of preanesthetic fasting. Therefore, in this study, we firstly evaluated the precision of ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in an experimental setting and secondly studied gastric emptying times after a normal breakfast in healthy preschool children using ultrasound.MethodsIn a preliminary experiment, a pear‐shaped elastic balloon was filled and emptied in 50 mL steps from 0 to 500 mL with water. After each step, the balloon antral area was measured using ultrasonography. Thereafter, gastric emptying was examined in healthy preschool children after normal breakfast by sonographic measurements of the gastric antral area in right lateral decubitus position at two consecutive timepoints. Correlation coefficients (Pearson, 95% CI) between the balloon antral area and the balloon volume or gastric antral area and fasting time were calculated and gastric emptying time was extrapolated by linear regression. Data are presented as mean (range).ResultsIn the balloon experiment, the balloon volume correlated significantly with the balloon antral area (63 measurements, r=.96, P<.0001, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.97). In the preschool child measurements, a total of 30 children (age 47 (36‐66) months) were included. The gastric antral area correlated significantly with fasting time (r=−.69, P<.0001, 95% CI −0.8 to −0.51). The first gastric antral area after breakfast was significantly higher when compared to the second gastric antral area before lunch (10.4 ± 3.7 (1.7‐17.8) vs 5.5 ± 2.6 (1.4‐11.8) cm2; mean difference −5.04, 95% CI −6.3 to −3.8, P<.0001). The calculated mean gastric emptying time was 236 minutes.ConclusionThe results of the balloon experiment showed a high correlation between balloon antral area and balloon volume. In the preschool child measurements, gastric antral area correlated with fasting time, and the mean gastric emptying time was lower than 4 hours after breakfast. These results support a more liberal perioperative fasting regimen after a light meal or breakfast in routine pediatric anesthesia.
Using quality improvement methods to reduce clear fluid fasting times in children on a preoperative ward
Authors: Newton Richard J. G. , Stuart Grant M. , Willdridge Daniel J. , Thomas Mark 
Published: July 2017

SummaryObjectivesWe applied quality improvement (QI) methodology to identify the different aspects of why children fasted for prolonged periods in our institution. Our aim was for 75% of all children to be fasted for clear fluid for less than 4 hours.BackgroundProlonged fasting in children can increase thirst and irritability and have adverse effects on haemodynamic stability on induction. By reducing this, children may be less irritable, more comfortable and more physiologically stable, improving the preoperative experience for both children and carers.MethodsWe conducted a QI project from January 2014 until August 2016 at a large tertiary pediatric teaching hospital. Baseline data and the magnitude of the problem were obtained from pilot studies. This allowed us to build a key driver diagram, a process map and conduct a failure mode and effects analysis. Using a framework of Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycles our key interventions primarily focused on reducing confusion over procedure start times, giving parents accurate information, empowering staff and reducing variation by allowing children to drink on arrival (up to one hour) before surgery.ResultsPrior to this project, using the 6,4,2 fasting rule for solids, breast milk, and clear fluids, respectively, 19% of children were fasted for fluid for less than 4 hours, mean fluid fasting time was 6.3 hours (SD 4.48). At the conclusion 72% of patients received a drink within 4 hours, mean fluid fasting reduced to 3.1 hours (SD 2.33). The secondary measures of aspiration (4.14:10 000) and cancellations have not increased since starting this project.ConclusionsBy using established QI methodology we reduced the mean fluid fasting time for day admissions at our hospital to 3.1 hours and increased the proportion of children fasting for less than 4 hours from 19% to 72%.
Impact of anesthesiologists on parental perioperative satisfaction scores
Authors: Ehwerhemuepha Louis , Feaster William , Kain Zeev 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBackgroundWhile the focus on patient experience as an important outcome has significantly increased over the past decade, there is paucity of data on predictive factors associated with parental recommendation of a surgical facility to friends and family.MethodsData for this report were obtained from a Hospital Information System and Picker Health validated surveys completed by 538 parents whose children underwent outpatient surgery from July 2014 to March 2016. Bivariate, chi‐squared, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were carried out using the Picker Health item “Would you recommend this outpatient surgical facility to your friends and family?” as the primary outcome. Demographic data and 53 Picker Health items were used as potential predictors.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis found the following variables as independent predictors for parental recommendation: quality of perioperative communication by anesthesiologists (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]=0.23 [0.09, 0.58]); provision of information on whom to call for help after discharge (0.22 [0.07, 0.64]); child's perceived baseline health (0.37 [0.15, 0.90]); and ill‐informed staff about child's procedure (0.30 [0.21, 0.79]). Variables such as child's pain and child's nausea and vomiting were not predictive for referral pattern.ConclusionParental recommendation of a surgical facility to friends and family depends on a number of variables with the quality of perioperative communication with the anesthesiologist being the most predictive item.
Incidence, Treatment Patterns, and Health Care Costs of Infantile Hemangioma: Results of a Retrospective German Database Analysis
Authors: Seiffert Anna , Schneider Markus , Roessler Jochen , Larisch Katharina , Pfeiffer Dunja 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the incidence, effect (defined according to treatment rate), and health care costs of infantile hemangiomas (IHs) in Germany from 2007 to 2012 by analyzing patient data of German statutory health insurances.MethodsA retrospective analysis using data from a database matched with the overall population covered by German statutory health insurance was performed. To describe the treatment rate and costs of IHs, a search algorithm was developed dividing the study population into three groups (patients with IHs, patients with IHs possibly requiring treatment, and patients with IHs receiving treatment).ResultsThe incidence of IHs was 2.0% to 3.2%, with a slight increase during the later years of the study period and a female:male ratio of 1.4:1. IH incidence was lower and girls were less likely to present with IHs than in previous reports. The mean treatment rate of IHs was 11.3%. Mean health care costs during first year of life for infants diagnosed with IHs in 2012 were slightly lower (€2,396) than for all infants (€2,649), whereas costs for infants diagnosed and treated for IHs were considerably higher (€10,550). The majority of these costs were due to hospitalization (€8,658).ConclusionThis retrospective study is the first to analyze the incidence and sex ratio of IHs based on German claims data. The treatment rate of IHs was consistent with previous reports. The mean health care costs for treated patients with IHs were substantially higher than those for all newborns. Limitations of this study are coding bias, a limited sample size, and claims perspective (nonclinical approach).
Meloidogyne luci, a new root‐knot nematode parasitizing potato in Portugal
Authors: Maleita C. , Esteves I. , Cardoso J. M. S. , Cunha M. J. , Carneiro R. M. D. G. , Abrantes I. 
Published: July 2017

In 2013, during a field survey conducted in Portugal on potato, Solanum tuberosum, an unusual esterase (EST) phenotype was detected in a root‐knot nematode (RKN) from potato roots collected in Coimbra. This Portuguese isolate was purified and maintained on tomato, S. lycopersicum, and morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics were studied. Perineal pattern morphology was highly variable, similar to Meloidogyne ethiopica and not useful for identification. The EST phenotype, from young egg‐laying females, displayed three bands similar to the Brazilian M. luci (L3) and distinct from M. ethiopica (E3). Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and the mitochondrial DNA region between COII and 16S rRNA genes revealed that the Portuguese isolate grouped with M. luci isolates close to M. ethiopica isolates. However, considering the ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 region, the Portuguese isolate grouped with isolates of M. luci, M. ethiopica and M. hispanica, which limits the confidence of this region for M. luci diagnosis, and its differentiation from other species with morphological similarities. The M. luci pathogenicity to potato was also assessed in 16 commercial cultivars and compared with M. chitwoodi, considered to be a quarantine RKN species by EPPO. All potato cultivars were susceptible to both Meloidogyne species with gall indices of 5 and higher reproduction factor values ranging from 12.5 to 122.3, which suggests that M. luci may constitute a potential threat to potato production. In the present study, M. luci is reported for the first time attacking potato in Portugal.
Assessment of skin conductance in African American and Non–African American participants in studies of conditioned fear
Authors: Alexandra Kredlow M. , Pineles Suzanne L. , Inslicht Sabra S. , Marin Marie‐France , Milad Mohammed R. , Otto Michael W. , Orr Scott P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSkin conductance (SC) is a psychophysiological measure of sympathetic nervous system activity that is commonly used in research to assess conditioned fear responses. A portion of individuals evidence very low or unmeasurable SC levels (SCL) and/or response (SCR) during fear conditioning, which precludes the use of their SC data. The reason that some individuals do not produce measurable SCL and/or SCR is not clear; some early research suggested that race may be an influencing factor. In the current article, archival data from five fear conditioning samples collected from four different laboratories were examined to explore SCL and SCR magnitude in African American (AA) and non–African American (non‐AA) participants. Across studies, the aggregate group difference for exclusion due to unmeasurable SCL or no measurable SCR to an unconditioned stimulus reflected a significant medium effect size (d = 0.54). Furthermore, 24.3% (range: 0–48.3%) of AA participants met SC exclusion criteria versus 14.3% (range: 4.3–24.2%) of non‐AA participants. AA participants also displayed significantly lower SCL during habituation (d = 0.58). The low SC levels and responses in AA individuals and the consequent exclusion of their contributions to fear conditioning study results impacts the generalizability of findings across races. Given higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic anxiety in AA individuals, it is important that AA individuals not be excluded from fear conditioning research, which informs the treatment of anxiety and PTSD. Examination of the basis of very low SCL and/or SCR is a potentially informative direction for future research.
Comparative advantage and strategic specialization
Authors: Kang Minwook 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper shows that a strong comparative advantage is necessary for free trade and specialization in a 2 × 2 symmetric Ricardian model to be achieved in a Nash equilibrium. Governments strategically control labor distribution across industries, and representative agents maximize Cobb–Douglas utilities. A Nash equilibrium with complete specialization is achieved if and only if relative productivity exceeds a key value of 3, which is considered a very large number based on previous empirical studies. This paper also introduces a two‐stage game where each government chooses labor distribution first and then tariffs. In this two‐stage game, complete specialization is never achieved for any relative productivity level. Finally, by generalizing the Cobb–Douglas model into constant elasticity of substitution (CES) preferences, I show that if immiserizing growth effects exist, complete specialization could not be achieved for any level of relative productivity.
Registered Nurses’ experiences of patient participation in hospital care: supporting and hindering factors patient participation in care
Authors: Oxelmark Lena , Ulin Kerstin , Chaboyer Wendy , Bucknall Tracey , Ringdal Mona 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundPromoting patient participation in care is an international priority identified by the World Health Organization and various national bodies around the world and an important aspect of person‐centred care.AimThe aim of this study was to describe Registered Nurses’ experiences with patient participation in nursing care including their barriers and facilitators for participation.MethodThe study setting was a University Hospital in Sweden. Interviews were conducted with twenty Registered Nurses working at medical wards in 2013. Thematic data analysis was used to analyse the transcribed interview data.ResultsTwenty nurses from four wards in two hospitals were included. Five themes emerged from the analysis including listening to the patient, engaging the patient, relinquishing some responsibility, sharing power and partnering with patients. The core theme ‘partnering with patients’ was enacted when nurses listened to and engaged patients and when they relinquished responsibility and shared power with patients. In addition, hindering and facilitating factors to participation were identified, such as patients wanted to take on a passive role, lack of teamwork which participants understood would enhance interprofessional understanding and improve patient safety. Patient participation was hindered by medical jargon during the ward round, there was a risk of staff talking over patients’ heads but sometimes inevitable having conversations at the patient's bedside. However, nurses preferred important decisions to be made away from bedside.ConclusionsIt all came down to partnering with the patient and participants described how they made an effort to respect the patients’ view and accept patient as a part of the care team. Identified hindering factors for participation were lack of teamwork, patients’ taking on passive roles and communication during ward rounds having conversations at the patient's bedside. Nurses wished for a change but lacked strategies on how. Nurses preferred important decisions to be made away from bedside.
A closer look at ability emotional intelligence (EI): What are its component parts, and how do they relate to each other?
Authors: Elfenbein Hillary Anger , MacCann Carolyn 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this review, we focus on two key questions about the nature of emotional intelligence (EI). First, we consider what the different parts of EI might be, suggesting a taxonomy that builds on the well‐known hierarchical four‐branch model to include six narrow abilities (emotion perception, emotion expression, emotion attention regulation, emotion understanding, emotion regulation of self, and emotion regulation of others). Second, we review evidence for the interrelations between these six narrow abilities. The interrelationships of the EI narrow abilities are a key criterion for viewing EI as a kind of intelligence, rather than a typical way of behaving. Our review concludes that the six narrow abilities comprising EI are all positively interrelated—the component parts of EI converge to form a whole. In addition, the level of interrelationships shows that emotion expression and emotion perception are clearly separate, with weaker evidence for the separation between emotion regulation of self versus emotion regulation of others. Using the older research tradition of emotion recognition (which predates EI), we present a detailed overview of the relationship between emotion perception and other narrow abilities of EI. We conclude that the narrow facets of EI converge with each other, providing one form of evidence to support the validity of EI as a type of intelligence.