bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction in ecology: a first‐principles framework
Authors: Dietze Michael C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractQuantitative predictions are ubiquitous in ecology, yet there is limited discussion on the nature of prediction in this field. Herein I derive a general quantitative framework for analyzing and partitioning the sources of uncertainty that control predictability. The implications of this framework are assessed conceptually and linked to classic questions in ecology, such as the relative importance of endogenous (density‐dependent) vs. exogenous factors, stability vs. drift, and the spatial scaling of processes. The framework is used to make a number of novel predictions and reframe approaches to experimental design, model selection, and hypothesis testing. Next, the quantitative application of the framework to partitioning uncertainties is illustrated using a short‐term forecast of net ecosystem exchange. Finally, I advocate for a new comparative approach to studying predictability across different ecological systems and processes and lay out a number of hypotheses about what limits predictability and how these limits should scale in space and time.
Control of autoimmune inflammation using liposomes to deliver positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptors
Authors: Gammon Joshua M. , Adapa Arjun R. , Jewell Christopher M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease where myelin is incorrectly recognized as foreign and attacked by the adaptive immune system. Dendritic cells (DCs) direct adaptive immunity by presenting antigens to T cells, therefore serving as a target for autoimmune therapies. N‐Phenyl‐7‐(hydroxyimino) cyclopropa[b]chromen‐1a‐carboxamide (PHCCC), a positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4), can promote regulatory T cells by altering cytokine secretion to bias T cell differentiation. The therapeutic potential of PHCCC, however, is hindered by dose‐limiting toxicity, poor solubility, and the need for frequent dosing. We hypothesized liposomal delivery of PHCCC might enable safe, effective delivery of this hydrophobic drug to exploit metabolism as a means of controlling inflammation in self‐reactive immune cells. PHCCC was readily encapsulated in liposomes modified with polyethylene glycol. Under sink conditions, controlled release resulted in 58% of drug released into media over 18 hours. Culture of primary DCs with PHCCC liposomes reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion while reducing toxicity four‐fold compared with soluble PHCCC. During co‐culture of DCs with myelin‐reactive T cells from transgenic mice, PHCCC liposomes reduced T cell proliferation and interferon gamma secretion. These results support the potential of using liposomes to promote tolerance through biocompatible delivery of metabolic modulators. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2977–2985, 2017.
Duration and cessation characteristics of heparinization after finger replantation: A retrospective analysis of outcomes
Authors: Efanov Johnny I. , Khriguian Julia , Cassier Sophie , Boghossian Elie , Harris Patrick G. , Bou‐Merhi Joseph , Danino M. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo prevent postoperative thrombosis, indications for anticoagulation in finger replantation have been described, but no consensus has yet been found for cessation protocols. The aim of this study is to investigate cessation methods of intravenous anticoagulation after finger replantation.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients treated for a finger replantation between December 2014 and July 2016 was performed. Only those who required postoperative treatment with intravenous heparin were extracted. Primary outcome was survival of finger at hospital discharge and data collection focused on postoperative anticoagulation regimens.Results108 patients with replantation were treated with intravenous heparin and included in the analysis. When anticoagulated, survival rate was 60% (n = 65) at hospital discharge, wherein arterial and venous thrombosis accounted for 60 and 40% respectively. Descriptive analysis failed to demonstrate an increase in failure rates when tested for duration of intravenous heparin, fixed or variable infusion rates of anticoagulation and need for vascular grafts. However, there was a 2.8‐fold (P = .009) increase in the survival rate with progressive weaning of anticoagulation rather than abrupt discontinuation. Subgroup analysis demonstrated similar findings when considering arterial thrombosis alone (OR 5.2, P = .012), but did not show any significant difference for venous thrombosis (OR 1.7, P = .344).ConclusionsProgressive tapering of intravenous heparin is associated with an increased survival rate after finger replantation, particularly for arterial thrombosis. Further prospective and randomized trials are necessary to elucidate the optimal duration, method of infusion and indications for vascular grafts.
A degradable atom transfer radical polymerization inimer: Synthesis, polymerization, and cleavage of the resulting polymer products
Authors: Elladiou Marios , Patrickios Costas S. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTA novel degradable inimer for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), 2‐(6‐(2‐((2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropanoyl)oxy)ethyl)pyridin‐2‐yl)ethyl methacrylate (PyDEBrMΑ), was synthesized by the two‐step esterification of 2,6‐pyridinediethanol, first with α‐bromoisobutyryl bromide in order to introduce the initiator moiety, and then with methacryloyl chloride in order to introduce the monomer moiety. PyDEBrMA was subsequently used to initiate the self‐condensing ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA) to obtain a hyperbranched MMA homopolymer which could be cleaved at the PyDEBrMA residue either by treatment under mildly alkaline hydrolysis conditions (sodium deuteroxide in d6‐DMSO at room temperature) or thermolysis at 150 °C. The lability of the PyDEBrMA residue arises from the presence in its structure of two 2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethyl ester moieties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2831–2839
The relationship between emotion regulation strategies and job search behavior among fourth‐year university students☆
Authors: Wang Ling , Xu Huihui , Zhang Xue , Fang Ping 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe job search process is a stressful experience. This study investigated the effect of emotion regulation strategies on job search behavior in combination with anxiety and job search self‐efficacy among Chinese university fourth‐year students (N = 816, mean age = 21.98, 31.5% male, 34.9% majored in science, 18.0% from “211 Project” universities). Results showed that cognitive reappraisal was positively related to job search behavior, while expressive suppression was negatively related to job search behavior. Additionally, anxiety was negatively related to job search behavior, while job search self‐efficacy was positively associated with job search behavior. Moreover, both anxiety and job search self‐efficacy mediated the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and job search behavior. In general, emotion regulation strategies played an important role in job search behavior. Implications include the notion that emotion regulation interventions may be helpful to increase job search behavior among university students.
Molecular mechanisms in cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dadson Keith , Hauck Ludger , Billia Filio 
Published: June 2017

Cardiomyopathies represent a heterogeneous group of diseases that negatively affect heart function. Primary cardiomyopathies specifically target the myocardium, and may arise from genetic [hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D), mitochondrial cardiomyopathy] or genetic and acquired [dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM)] etiology. Modern genomics has identified mutations that are common in these populations, while in vitro and in vivo experimentation with these mutations have provided invaluable insight into the molecular mechanisms native to these diseases. For example, increased myosin heavy chain (MHC) binding and ATP utilization lead to the hypercontractile sarcomere in HCM, while abnormal protein–protein interaction and impaired Ca2+ flux underlie the relaxed sarcomere of DCM. Furthermore, expanded access to genetic testing has facilitated identification of potential risk factors that appear through inheritance and manifest sometimes only in the advanced stages of the disease. In this review, we discuss the genetic and molecular abnormalities unique to and shared between these primary cardiomyopathies and discuss some of the important advances made using more traditional basic science experimentation.
Epidemiological trade-off between intra- and interannual scales in the evolution of aggressiveness in a local plant pathogen population
Authors: Suffert Frédéric , Goyeau Henriette , Sache Ivan , Carpentier Florence , Gélisse Sandrine , Morais David , Delestre Ghislain 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis preprint has been reviewed and recommended by Peer Community In Evolutionary Biology (http://dx.doi.org/10.24072/pci.evolbiol.100039). The efficiency of plant resistance to fungal pathogen populations is expected to decrease over time, due to its evolution with an increase in the frequency of virulent or highly aggressive strains. This dynamics may differ depending on the scale investigated (annual or pluriannual), particularly for annual crop pathogens with both sexual and asexual reproduction cycles. We assessed this time-scale effect, by comparing aggressiveness changes in a localZymoseptoria triticipopulation over an eight-month cropping season and a six-year period of wheat monoculture. We collected two pairs of subpopulations to represent the annual and pluriannual scales: from leaf lesions at the beginning and end of a single annual epidemic, and from crop debris at the beginning and end of a six-year period. We assessed two aggressiveness traits – latent period and lesion size – on sympatric and allopatric host varieties. A trend toward decreased latent period concomitant with a significant loss of variability was established during the course of the annual epidemic, but not over the six-year period. Furthermore, a significant cultivar effect (sympatric vs. allopatric) on the average aggressiveness of the isolates revealed host adaptation, arguing that the observed patterns could result from selection. We thus provide an experimental body of evidence of an epidemiological trade-off between the intra- and inter-annual scales in the evolution of aggressiveness in a local plant pathogen population. More aggressive isolates were collected from upper leaves, on which disease severity is usually lower than on the lower part of the plants left in the field as crop debris after harvest. We suggest that these isolates play little role in sexual reproduction, due to an Allee effect (difficulty finding mates at low pathogen densities), particularly as the upper parts of the plant are removed from the field, explaining the lack of transmission of increases in aggressiveness between epidemics.
International risk of yellow fever spread from the ongoing outbreak in Brazil
Authors: Dorigatti I , Hamlet A , Aguas R , Cattarino L , Cori A , Donnelly CA , Garske T , Imai N , Ferguson NM 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe largest Yellow Fever (YF) outbreak in a decade in Latin America is underway in the Southeast of Brazil. In this article we provide a quantitative assessment of the risk of travel-related international spread of YF. We argue that mitigating the risk of imported YF cases seeding local transmission requires heightened surveillance in the southern United States, Latin America (especially Argentina, Chile and Uruguay) and Europe (especially Portugal, Spain, Italy and Germany).
Sonic hedgehog is required for neural crest-dependent patterning of the intrinsic tongue musculature
Authors: Okuhara Shigeru , Birjandi Anahid A. , Al-Lami Hadeel Adel , Sagai Tomoko , Amano Takanori , Shiroishi Toshihiko , Liu Karen J. , Cobourne Martyn T. , Iseki Sachiko 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe tongue is a highly specialized muscular organ important for breathing, speech, taste and swallowing. The secreted signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is expressed in dorsal tongue epithelium from the initial developmental stage. In this study, we utilized a series of genetic approaches to investigate the role of Shh during mouse tongue formation. Temporal-specific global deletion ofShhdemonstrated a functional requirement for normal patterning of the intrinsic tongue muscles and establishment of the lingual tendon. These defects were reproduced in the mutant with a specific loss of signaling in oropharyngeal epithelium by aShh cis-enhancer. In these mutants,Ptch1was lost in the underlying cranial neural crest (CNC)-derived mesenchymal lineage. The importance of Shh was confirmed by generating tissue-specific deletions in the ciliopathy geneOfd1, which transduces Shh signaling. These results revealed Shh roles in patterning of the mesodermal intrinsic tongue muscles through CNC-derived mesenchyme, including the lingual tendon.
“Genome-wide population diversity inHymenoscyphus fraxineuspoints to an eastern Russian origin of European Ash dieback”
Authors: Sønstebø Jørn Henrik , Vivian-Smith Adam , Adamson Kalev , Drenkhan Rein , Solheim Halvor , Hietala Ari M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEuropean forests are experiencing extensive invasion from the Ash pathogenHymenoscyphus fraxineus, an ecological niche competitor to the non-pathogenic native congenerH. albidus. We report the genome-wide diversity and population structure in Asia (native) and Europe (the introduced range). We showH. fraxineusunderwent a dramatic bottleneck upon introduction to Europe around 30-40 generations ago, leaving a genomic signature, characterized by long segments of fixation, interspersed with “diversity islands” that are identical throughout Europe. This means no effective secondary contact with other populations has occurred. Genome-wide variation is consistently high within sampled locations in Japan and the Russian Far East, and lack of differentiation amongst Russian locations suggests extensive gene flow, similar to Europe. A local ancestry analysis supports Russia as a more likely source population than Japan. Negligible latency, rapid host-range expansion and viability of small founding populations specify strong biosecurity forewarnings against new introductions from outside Europe.
Pregnancy outcome in women with cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes
Authors: Reynaud Quitterie , Poupon‐Bourdy Stéphanie , Rabilloud Muriel , Al Mufti Lina , Rousset Jablonski Christine , Lemonnier Lydie , Nove‐Josserand Raphaële , Touzet Sandrine , Durieu Isabelle ,   participating centers of the French Cystic Fibrosis Registry
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionWith increasing life expectancy, more women with cystic fibrosis and diabetes mellitus become pregnant. We investigated how pre‐gestational diabetes (cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes) influenced pregnancy outcome and the clinical status of these women.Material and methodsWe analyzed all pregnancies reported to the French cystic fibrosis registry between 2001 and 2012, and compared forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and body mass index before and after pregnancy in women with and without pre‐gestational diabetes having a first delivery.ResultsA total 249 women delivered 314 infants. Among these, 189 women had a first delivery and 29 of these had pre‐gestational diabetes. There was a trend towards a higher rate of assisted conception among diabetic women (53.8%) than non‐diabetic women (34.5%, p = 0.06), and the rate of cesarean section was significantly higher in diabetic women (48% vs. 21.4%, p = 0.005). The rate of preterm birth and mean infant birthweight did not differ significantly between diabetic and non‐diabetic women. Forced expiratory volume before pregnancy was significantly lower in the diabetic group. The decline in forced expiratory volume and body mass index following pregnancy did not differ between the women with and those without pre‐gestational diabetes.ConclusionPre‐gestational diabetes in women with cystic fibrosis is associated with a higher rate of cesarean section but does not seem to have a clinically significant impact on fetal growth or preterm delivery. The changes in maternal pulmonary and nutritional status following pregnancy in women with cystic fibrosis were not influenced by pre‐gestational diabetes.
Explaining infant feeding: The role of previous personal and vicarious experience on attitudes, subjective norms, self‐efficacy, and breastfeeding outcomes
Authors: Bartle Naomi C. , Harvey Kate 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesBreastfeeding confers important health benefits to both infants and their mothers, but rates are low in the United Kingdom and other developed countries despite widespread promotion. This study examined the relationships between personal and vicarious experience of infant feeding, self‐efficacy, the theory of planned behaviour variables of attitudes and subjective norm, and the likelihood of breastfeeding at 6–8 weeks post‐natally.DesignA prospective questionnaire study of both first‐time mothers (n = 77) and experienced breastfeeders (n = 72) recruited at an antenatal clinic in South East England.MethodsParticipants completed a questionnaire at 32 weeks pregnant assessing personal and vicarious experience of infant feeding (breastfeeding, formula‐feeding, and maternal grandmother’s experience of breastfeeding), perceived control, self‐efficacy, intentions, attitudes (to breastfeeding and formula‐feeding), and subjective norm. Infant feeding behaviour was recorded at 6–8 weeks post‐natally. Multiple linear regression modelled the influence of vicarious experience on attitudes, subjective norm, and self‐efficacy (but not perceived control) and modelled the influence of attitude, subjective norm, self‐efficacy, and past experience on intentions to breastfeed. Logistic regression modelled the likelihood of breastfeeding at 6–8 weeks.ResultsPrevious experience (particularly personal experience of breastfeeding) explained a significant amount of variance in attitudes, subjective norm, and self‐efficacy. Intentions to breastfeed were predicted by subjective norm and attitude to formula‐feeding and, in experienced mothers, self‐efficacy. Breastfeeding at 6 weeks was predicted by intentions and vicarious experience of formula‐feeding.ConclusionVicarious experience, particularly of formula‐feeding, has been shown to influence the behaviour of first‐time and experienced mothers both directly and indirectly via attitudes and subjective norm. Interventions that reduce exposure to formula‐feeding (perhaps by limiting advertising) or cushion mothers from its effects may enable more mothers to meet their breastfeeding goals.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Rates of breastfeeding in the United Kingdom are low and resistant to change.

Self‐efficacy may be an important and modifiable factor for breastfeeding initiation and maintenance.

What does this study add?

Self‐efficacy may only be a relevant factor among mothers who already have personal experience of breastfeeding.

Vicarious experience of formula‐feeding has been shown to be related to a lower rate of breastfeeding at 6 weeks.
Prevalence and prognosis of low‐volume, oligorecurrent, hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer amenable to lesion ablative therapy
Authors: De Bruycker Aurélie , Lambert Bieke , Claeys Tom , Delrue Louke , Mbah Chamberlain , De Meerleer Gert , Villeirs Geert , De Vos Filip , De Man Kathia , Decaestecker Karel , Fonteyne Valérie , Lumen Nicolaas , Ameye Filip , Billiet Ignace , Joniau Steven , Vanhaverbeke Friedl , Duthoy Wim , Ost Piet 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo describe the anatomical patterns of prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence after primary therapy and to investigate if patients with low‐volume disease have a better prognosis as compared with their counterparts.Materials and MethodsPatients eligible for an 18‐F choline positron‐emission tomography (PET)‐computed tomography (CT) were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Eligible patients had asymptomatic biochemical recurrence after primary PCa treatment and testosterone levels >50 ng/mL. The number of lesions was counted per scan. Patients with isolated local recurrence (LR) or with ≤3 metastases (with or without LR) were considered to have low‐volume disease and patients with >3 metastases to have high‐volume disease. Descriptive statistics were used to report recurrences. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of prognostic variables on the time to developing castration‐resistant PCa (CRPC).ResultsIn 208 patients, 625 sites of recurrence were detected in the lymph nodes (N1/M1a: 30%), the bone (18%), the prostate (bed; 11%), viscera (4%), or a combination of any of the previous (37%). In total, 153 patients (74%) had low‐volume recurrence and 55 patients (26%) had high‐volume recurrence. The 3‐year CRPC‐free survival rate for the whole cohort was 79% (95% confidence interval 43–55), 88% for low‐volume recurrences and 50% for high‐volume recurrences (P < 0.001). Longer PSA doubling time at time of recurrence and low‐volume disease were associated with a longer time to CRPC.ConclusionsThree out of four patients with PCa with a 18‐F choline PET‐CT‐detected recurrence have low‐volume disease, potentially amenable to local therapy. Patients with low‐volume disease have a better prognosis as compared with their counterparts. Lymph node recurrence was the most dominant failure pattern.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour with metastasis and expression of endothelial differentiation factors in a horse
Authors: Bouéres C. S. , Câmara A. C. L. , Castro M. B. , Barbosa E. F. , Souza C. A. , Serakides R. , Teixeira Neto A. R. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) has not previously been well documented in veterinary literature. This article reports the case of a 12‐year‐old Mangalarga Marchador gelding presented for evaluation of a large, ulcerated and pruritic lesion in the elbow of the left forelimb. Biopsy of the mass indicated an undifferentiated sarcoma. Considering the chronicity of the condition, poor prognosis and extensive nature of the neoplasm, the horse was subjected to euthanasia. A MPNST with expression of endothelial differentiation factors was diagnosed based on gross morphology results, histological features and immunohistochemical findings.
A randomized clinical trial to compare pain levels during three types of oral anesthetic injections and the effect of Dentalvibe® on injection pain in children
Authors: Raslan Nabih , Masri Reem 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundPain control is of great importance particularly in pediatric dentistry. The Dentalvibe® is a device that delivers vibration to the injection site in order to reduce intraoral injections’ pain.AimsThe purpose of this study was to compare pain levels caused by three types of anesthesia injections and the effect of the Dentalvibe® on reducing the injection pain.DesignThe study included 40 children, and each one received six injections. The injections were divided randomly into two methods: experimental (DV): buccal and palatal infiltration on the maxilla and inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) with vibration and traditional (TR): receiving the same previous injections without vibration. Moreover, pain was assessed using the FLACC® and Wong‐Baker faces® pain scales. Then after, patients were asked about their favorite method.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were observed regardless of the injection site in subjective and objective evaluation in the (TR) method. Although the pain scores in (DV) method were less than the traditional in most injections, the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsChildren experienced similar levels of pain in all sites of injection using the traditional method. The Dentalvibe® did not decrease discomfort and was not accepted more by children.