bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new convex integration approach for the compressible Euler equations and failure of the local maximal dissipation criterion
Authors: Markfelder Simon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper we establish a new convex integration approach for the barotropic compressible Euler equations in two space dimensions. In contrast to existing literature, our new method generates not only the momentum for given density, but also the energy and the energy flux. This allows for a simple way to construct admissible solutions, i.e. solutions which satisfy the energy inequality. Moreover using the convex integration method developed in this paper, we show that the local maximal dissipation criterion fails in the following sense: There exist wild solutions which beat the self-similar solution of the one-dimensional Riemann problem extended to two dimensions. Hence the local maximal dissipation criterion rules out the self-similar solution. The convex integration machinery itself is carried out in a very general way. Hence this paper provides a universal framework for convex integration which not even specifies the form of the partial differential equations under consideration. Therefore this general framework is applicable in many different situations.
Teaching quantum mechanics using Ant–Man
Authors: Gomes André Luiz Sartori , Fitzgerald Barry W , Rocha Carlos Raphael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The integration of popular culture, particularly superhero films, into physics education has gained traction as a means to enhance student engagement and comprehension. In this paper, we present a pedagogical approach aimed at introducing quantum mechanics concepts to high school students using the superhero paradigm, focusing on Ant–Man. Our approach addresses the lack of resources utilizing quantum physics in superhero films by outlining a sequence of activities centred around the Uncertainty Principle, position, momentum, superposition of states, and the Planck scale. Through a series of classroom activities, students were encouraged to reflect on quantum mechanical concepts, propose solutions to fictional scenarios inspired by superhero narratives, and apply their understanding to new problem–solving situations. Analysis of student responses indicates that the activities effectively stimulated introductory discussions and curiosity about quantum mechanics, suggesting potential for further exploration and adaptation in physics education.
Practical teaching in secondary level certificated physics: a view from Scotland
Authors: Gray Laura , Farmer Stuart , Moore Iain 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study reports on a survey conducted in the Scottish physics education context focusing on practical work within National 5 certificated classes. The online survey was open to all practising educators and technicians in Scotland’s secondary schools and further education colleges. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the results, alongside basic thematic analysis of text responses. The results indicate a decline in practical work in the classroom but suggests this is not due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead, cost and availability of equipment alongside a perceived lack of time for experimental work are cited as the major difficulties. The resulting recommendations are improvements to the curriculum and support for educators to develop best practice.
Inhomogeneity detection within a head-sized phantom using tracking of charged nuclear fragments in ion beam therapy
Authors: Félix-Bautista Renato , Ghesquière-Diérickx Laura , Ochoa-Parra Pamela , Kelleter Laurent , Echner Gernot , Debus Jürgen , Jäkel Oliver , Martišíková Mária , Gehrke Tim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. The highly conformal carbon-ion radiotherapy is associated with an increased sensitivity of the dose distributions to internal changes in the patient during the treatment course. Hence, monitoring methodologies capable of detecting such changes are of vital importance. We established experimental setup conditions to address the sensitivity of a monitoring approach based on secondary-fragment tracking for detecting clinically motivated air cavity dimensions in a homogeneous head-sized PMMA phantom in 40 mm depth. Approach. The air cavities were positioned within the entrance channel of a treatment field of 50 mm diameter at three lateral positions. The measured secondary-fragment emission profiles were compared to a reference measurement without cavities. The experiments were conducted at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center in Germany at typical doses and dose rates. Main results. Significances above a detectability threshold of 2σ for the larger cavities (20 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness, and 20 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) across the entire treatment field. The smallest cavity of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness, which is on the lower limit of clinical interest, could not be detected at any position. We also demonstrated that it is feasible to reconstruct the lateral position of the cavity on average within 2.8 mm, once the cavity is detected. This is sufficient for the clinicians to estimate medical effects of such a cavity and to decide about the need for a control imaging CT. Significance. This investigation defines well-controlled reference conditions for the evaluation of the performance of any kind of treatment monitoring method and its capability to detect internal changes within head-sized objects. Four air cavities with volumes between 0.31 cm3 and 1.26 cm3 were narrowed down around the detectability threshold of this secondary-fragment-based monitoring method.
Effect of carbon coating on improved electrical and electrochemical performance of Li3Co2SbO6
Authors: Singh Arvind , Chakrabarti Shamik , Nair Manjula G , Thakur A K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We reported a novel high voltage cathode having layered structure and manifold improvement (144%) in electrochemical performance on carbon coating Li3Co2SbO6. The carbon-coated Li3Co2SbO6 has been prepared using a high temperature solid-state method in an air medium with appropriate stoichiometry of the oxide and carbon source (sucrose). The x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy results have confirmed homogeneous carbon coating on oxide (Li3Co2SbO6) surface without disturbing phase, structure and morphology. The immediate effect of carbon coating resulted in electrical conductivity enhancement of the carbon coated Li3Co2SbO6 by four order of magnitudes ∼2.79 × 10−4 Scm−1 at room temperature vis-a-vis pristine Li3Co2SbO6. The electrochemical performance of the carbon coated Li3Co2SbO6 has shown sustainable improvement indicating redox activity by more than one Li+ transaction. The carbon coated Li3Co2SbO6 cathode exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 110 mAhg−1 compared to 45 mAhg−1 for its pristine counterpart. The improvement in electrochemical capacity on carbon coating, as reported in this work, is the highest ever compared to prior literature reports on Li3Co2SbO6.
Braneworld black bounce to transversable wormhole
Authors: Crispim Tiago M. , Estrada Milko , Muniz C.R. , Alencar G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We provide a way for embedding a 4-dimensional geometry corresponding to the Simpson-Visser (SV) spacetime — which is capable of representing a traversable wormhole, a one-way wormhole, or a regular black hole — into a Randall-Sundrum setup. To achieve this, we linearly deform the bulk geometry and the bulk matter distribution concerning a coupling constant. These deformations induce a transition from a 5D vacuum AdS state to an anisotropic matter distribution. The latter results in the induced geometry on the brane transitioning from a singular Schwarzschild spacetime to a regularized SV spacetime. Since there are no sources or matter fields on the brane, we can assert that the induced SV geometry on the brane arises from the influence of geometrical and matter deformations in the bulk. Thus, the central singularity is suppressed. We determine the cases where the energy conditions are either satisfied or violated. Our spacetime is asymptotically radial AdS, which is intriguing given the absence of a global AdS box that would prevent instability under larger wavelength perturbations. Therefore, it is no longer appropriate to claim that instability exists for very small perturbations near the AdS horizon. Thus, we propose that the stability of the solution can be analyzed by examining the speed of sound due to the presence of matter fields in the energy momentum tensor.
Influence of quasi-electrostatic support on amplification of space charge waves in amplification section of a superheterodyne free electron laser
Authors: Lysenko A. V. , Ilin S. S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A theoretical study of the influence of a quasi-electrostatic support on the amplification level of the slow space charge wave (SCW) in the amplification section of a superheterodyne free electron laser (FEL) was carried out. One of the ways to significantly increase the saturation level of the slow SCW is maintaining the conditions of a three-wave parametric resonance between the slow, fast SCWs and the resulting pump electric field. This can be done by introducing the quasi-electrostatic support in the superheterodyne FEL amplification section. Also, it was found that the generated pump electric field significantly influences the maintenance of parametric resonance conditions. As a result, this increases the saturation level of the slow SCW by 70%. Finally, the quasi-electrostatic support significantly reduces the maximum value of the electrostatic undulator pump field strength, which is necessary to achieve the maximum saturation level of the slow SCW.
Lamb wave TDTE super-resolution imaging assisted by deep learning
Authors: Sun 孙 Liu-Jia 刘家 , Han 韩 Qing-Bang 庆邦 , Jin 靳 Qi-Lin 琪琳 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ultrasonic Lamb waves undergo complex mode conversion and diffraction at non-penetrating defects, such as plate corrosion and cracks. Lamb wave imaging has a resolution limit due to the guided wave dispersion characteristics and Rayleigh criterion limitations. In this paper, a full convolutional network is designed to segment and reconstruct the received signals, enabling the automatic identification of target modalities. This approach eliminates clutter and mode conversion interference when calculating direct and accompanying acoustic fields in time-domain topological energy (TDTE) imaging. Subsequently, the measured accompanying acoustic field is reversed for adaptive focusing on defects and enhance the imaging quality. To circumvent the limitations of the Rayleigh criterion, the direct acoustic field and the accompanying acoustic field were fused to characterize the pixel distribution in the imaging region, achieving Lamb wave super-resolution imaging. Experimental results indicate that compared to the sign coherence factor-total focusing method (SCF-TFM), the proposed method achieves a 31.41% improvement in lateral resolution and a 29.53% increase in signal-to-noise ratio for single-blind-hole defects. In the case of multiple-blind-hole defects with spacings greater than the Rayleigh criterion resolution limit, it exhibits a 27.23% enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio. On the contrary, when the defect spacings are relatively smaller than the limit, this method has a higher resolution limit than SCF-TFM in super-resolution imaging.
Basic curvature & the Atiyah cocycle in gauge theory
Authors: Chatzistavrakidis Athanasios , Jonke Larisa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Motivated from target space covariant formulations of topological sigma models and from a graded-geometric approach to higher gauge theory, we study connections on Lie and Courant algebroids and on their description as differential graded (dg) manifolds. We revisit the notion of basic curvature for a connection on a Lie algebroid, which measures its compatibility with the Lie bracket and it appears in the BV-BRST differential of 2D gauge theories such as (twisted) Poisson and Dirac sigma models. We define a basic curvature tensor for connections on Courant algebroids and we show that in the description of a Courant algebroid as a QP2 manifold it appears naturally as part of the homological vector field together with the Gualtieri torsion of an induced generalised connection. Furthermore, we consider connections on dg manifolds and revisit the structure of gauge transformations in the graded-geometric approach to higher gauge theories from a manifestly covariant perspective. We argue that it is governed by the brackets of a Kapranov

L

∞

[
1
]

algebra, whose binary bracket is given by the Atiyah cocycle that measures the compatibility of the connection with the homological vector field. We also revisit some aspects of the derived bracket construction and show how to extend it to connections and tensors.
Optimized demand-based charging networks for long-haul trucking in Europe
Authors: Lange Jan-Hendrik , Speth Daniel , Plötz Patrick 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Battery electric trucks (BETs) are the most promising option for fast and large-scale CO2 emission reduction in road freight transport. Yet, the limited range and longer charging times compared to diesel trucks make long-haul BET applications challenging, so a comprehensive fast charging network for BETs is required. However, little is known about optimal truck charging locations for long-haul trucking in Europe. Here we derive optimized truck charging networks consisting of publicly accessible locations across the continent. Based on European truck traffic flow estimates for 2030 and actual truck stop locations we construct a long-term charging network that minimizes the total number of required locations. Our approach introduces an origin-destination (OD) pair sampling method and includes local capacity constraints to compute an optimized stepwise network expansion along the highest demand routes in Europe. For an electrification target of 15% BET share in long-haul and without depot charging, our results suggest that about 91% of electric long-haul truck traffic across Europe can be enabled already with a network of 1,000 locations, while 500 locations would suffice for about 50%. We furthermore show how the coverage of OD flows scales with the number of locations and the size of the stations. Ideal locations to cover many truck trips are at highway intersections and along major European road freight corridors (TEN-T core network).
The Reception of Darwinian Evolution in Britain, 1859–1909
Authors: Hewitt Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Darwinism’s Generations uses the impact of Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species (1859) in the fifty years after its publication to demonstrate the effectiveness of a generational framework for understanding the cultural and intellectual history of Britain in the nineteenth century. It challenges conventional notions of the ‘Darwinian Revolution’ by examining how people from across all sections of society actually responded to Darwin’s writings. Drawing on the opinions and interventions of over 2,000 Victorians, drawn from an exceptionally wide range of archival and printed sources, it argues that the spread of Darwinian belief was slower, more complicated, more stratified by age, and ultimately shaped far more powerfully by divergent generational responses, than has previously been recognised. In doing so, it makes a number of important contributions. It offers by far the richest and most comprehensive account to date of how contemporaries came to terms with the intellectual and emotional shocks of evolutionary theory. It makes a compelling case for taking proper account of age as a fundamental historical dynamic, and for the powerful generational patternings of the effects that age produced. It demonstrates the extent to which the most common sub-periodisation of the Victorian period are best understood not merely as constituted by the exigencies of events, but are also formed by the shifting balance of generational influence. Taken together, these insights present a significant challenge to the ways historians currently approach the task of describing the nature and experience of historical change, and have fundamental implications for our current conceptions of the shape and pace of historical time.
In the Wake of the Origin
Authors: Hewitt Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the evolving responses to On the Origin of Species, up to publication of The Descent of Man in 1871. The spread of evolutionary language and concepts is contrasted with continued resistance, both to evolution as a fact and Darwin’s explanations of its causes. Supporting groups had already embraced a version of evolution, or used Origin as a useful weapon in their existing struggles with the intellectual dominance of organised religion. Despite some success at influencing the institutional environment, for example the Royal Society and British Association, the learned societies remained uncongenial places for Darwin’s supporters. Case studies show that converting individuals was usually a drawn-out and difficult process. Denial became less categorical as we move from older to younger generations. Over time the emotional charge of Darwinism ebbed, but acceptance rarely followed.
HED-Start: A Brief Positive Psychology Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Psychological Adjustment in Patients New on Hemodialysis
Authors: Griva Konstadina , Lim Phoebe X H , Chan Frederick H F , Wong Yen Peng , Loei Job , Thach Thuan Quoc , Moskowitz Judith , Khan Behram A , Choo Jason 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Initiation onto hemodialysis marks a critical transition with intense psychosocial demands. Interventions using cognitive–behavioral therapy to improve distress have been variably effective but require trained staff and are typically delivered only to those who screen positive for clinically significant distress. Interventions guided by positive psychology are lacking.

Purpose
To investigate the effectiveness of a brief positive-skills RCT in improving psychological adjustment in new hemodialysis patients.

Methods
Using a parallel (2:1) design, blinded cluster-randomized controlled trial (cRCT) design, incident patients (&lt;6 months at NKF dialysis centers) undergoing hemodialysis were randomized to intervention or usual care (UC). HED-Start intervention comprised four group sessions delivered by healthcare staff on positive emotions, acceptance, and life-orientated goal setting. Measures were taken at baseline (pre-randomization) and at 12 weeks: distress/mood (HADS; SPANE); quality of life (KDQOL-SF, WHOQOL-BREF); benefit-finding (BFS, BIPQ); life-oriented skills (HEIQ, CD-RISC-2); self-efficacy (CD-SES).

Results
A total of 147 participants enrolled in the trial (response rate, 51.0%; retention [assessment], 90.5%). Study arms were comparable on all baseline and outcome variables except for age, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertensive nephrosclerosis which were subsequently controlled for. Repeated measures ANCOVAs (intention to treat) were used. HED-Start yielded significant reductions over time in depression, and increased quality of life, self-efficacy, benefit finding, and skills relative to UC (moderate effect sizes). Rates of clinically significant depression significantly decreased in HED-Start (p &lt; .001) and increased in UC (p = .002).

Conclusions
The significant positive effects of HED-Start, a low-intensity and cost intervention, on several adjustment indices, suggest that programs focusing on positive life skills can value add to existing renal care services.
Retrospective evaluation of the world falls guidelines-algorithm in older adults
Authors: van de Loo Bob , Heymans Martijn W , Medlock Stephanie , Abu-Hanna Ameen , van der Velde Nathalie , van Schoor Natasja M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The World Falls Guidelines (WFG) propose an algorithm that classifies patients as low-, intermediate-, and high-risk. We evaluated different operationalizations of the WFG algorithm and compared its predictive performance to other screening tools for falls, namely: the American Geriatrics Society and British Geriatrics Society (AGS/BGS) algorithm, the 3KQ on their own and fall history on its own.

Methods
We included data from 1509 adults aged ≥65 years from the population-based Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. The outcome was ≥1 fall during 1-year follow-up, which was ascertained using fall calendars. The screening tools’ items were retrospectively operationalized using baseline measures, using proxies where necessary.

Results
Sensitivity ranged between 30.9–48.0% and specificity ranged between 77.0–88.2%. Operationalizing the algorithm with the 3KQ instead of fall history yielded a higher sensitivity but lower specificity, whereas operationalization with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) classification tree instead of Fried’s frailty criteria did not affect predictive performance. Compared to the WFG algorithm, the AGS/BGS algorithm and fall history on its own yielded similar predictive performance, whereas the 3KQ on their own yielded a higher sensitivity but lower specificity.

Conclusion
The WFG algorithm can identify patients at risk of a fall, especially when the 3KQ are included in its operationalization. The CFS and Fried’s frailty criteria may be used interchangeably in the algorithm’s operationalization. The algorithm performed similarly compared to other screening tools, except for the 3KQ on their own, which have higher sensitivity but lower specificity and lack clinical recommendations per risk category.
Analysis of metadynamics simulations by metadynminer.py
Authors: Beránek Jan , Křenek Aleš , Spiwok Vojtěch 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Molecular dynamics simulation is very useful but computationally demanding method of studying dynamics of biomolecular systems. Many enhanced sampling methods were developed in order to obtain the desired results in available computational time. Metadynamics and its variants are common enhanced sampling methods used for this purpose. Metadynamics simulations allow the user to gather large amounts of data, which have to be analyzed to elucidate the properties of the studied system.

Results
Here, we present metadynminer.py, a Python package that allows easy and user-friendly analysis and visualization of the results obtained from metadynamics simulations. The built-in functions automate frequent tasks and make the package easy to use for new users, while its many customization options and object-oriented nature allow for integration into specialized data analysis workflows by more advanced users.

Availability and implementation
The “metadynminer.py” Python package is available under the GPL-3.0 license via PyPi and Conda. The development version is available on GitHub along with issue support (https://github.com/Jan8be/metadynminer.py). Documentation, tutorial and Jupyter Notebook (provided through the public mybinder.org service) are available at https://metadynreporter.cz.