bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron mobility transistors with high on/off current ratio of over 5 × 1010 achieved by ozone pretreatment and using ozone oxidant for Al2O3 gate insulator
Authors: Tokuda Hirokuni , Asubar Joel T. , Kuzuhara Masaaki 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This letter describes DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) with Al2O3 deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) as gate dielectric. Comparison was made for the samples deposited using ozone (O3) or water as oxidant. The effect of pretreatment, where O3 was solely supplied prior to depositing Al2O3, was also investigated. The MIS-HEMT with O3 pretreatment and Al2O3 gate dielectric deposited using O3 as the oxidant exhibited the most desirable characteristics with an excellent high on/off current ratio of 7.1 × 1010, and a low sub-threshold swing (SS) of 73 mV/dec.
Analysis of the carbon transport near the growth interface with respect to the rotational speed of the seed crystal during top-seeded solution growth of SiC
Authors: Umezaki Tomonori , Koike Daiki , Harada Shunta , Ujihara Toru 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
One of the most important issues of SiC solution growth is to increase the growth rate. In our previous study, we reported that increasing the rotational speed of the seed crystal is effective for improving the growth rate in top-seeded solution growth. In the present study, we investigated the origin of the growth rate improvement through a continuous fluid dynamics simulation with a full-scale three-dimensional model of the experimental setup for actual growth experiment. The numerical results indicated that the stagnant layer above the growth interface decreased in thickness and the carbon concentration gradient then became steep with an increase in the rotational speed of the seed crystal. The experimental growth rate was proportional to the calculated carbon concentration gradient, which indicates that the carbon diffusion through the stagnant layer is the rate-determining process.
Confluence of Humors
Authors: Köhle Natalie 
Published: November 2016

This article investigates the origin and the earliest, formative period of one of the major concepts in post-classical Chinese medicine, the concept of phlegm, tan 痰. It is the first study that examines both Chinese- and Sanskrit-language sources in seeking to answer the question whether the development of the concept of phlegm in Chinese medicine is owed to Indic influences. Following traditional Chinese scholarship, it argues that the initial emergence of the substance tan 痰, which later was to become “phlegm,” should be understood as an indigenous development from the fluid yin 飲. The subsequent formation and development of the concept of phlegm in Chinese medicine, however, was influenced by Āyurveda. The influence hinges on the coincidence of Indic and Chinese intuitions about digestion.
Previous scholarship on early Chinese Buddhist translations of Indic terms for phlegm and the tridoṣa has either claimed that variations in the terminology betrayed the Chinese translators’ poor understanding of Āyurvedic concepts or that the translators creatively manipulated the terminology with a view to the cultural background of their intended audiences. By contrast, this article argues that the early terminology the Chinese translators crafted was highly accurate and faithful to their Indic source texts. It shows, by going back to the Indic classics, that the variations in Chinese terminology reflect an ancient and long-forgotten temporal shift in the perception of humors in India itself.
Cursed Are You! The Phenomenology of Cursing in Cuneiform and Hebrew Texts. By Anne Marie Kitz
Authors: Christiansen Birget 
Published: November 2016

Cursed Are You! The Phenomenology of Cursing in Cuneiform and Hebrew Texts. By Anne Marie
Kitz. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2014. Pp. xiii + 528. $59.50.
ChemInform Abstract: Kagome Lattices as Cathode: Effect of Particle Size and Fluoride Substitution on Electrochemical Lithium Insertion in Sodium‐ and Ammonium Jarosites.
Authors: Sandineni Prashanth , Yaghoobnejad Asl Hooman , Choudhury Amitava 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCompounds (III) and (V) crystallize in the hexagonal space group R$\bar 3$m with Z = 3 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Phosphide (FeP) Synthesis, and Full Cell Lithium‐Ion Battery Study with a [Li(NiMnCo)O2] Cathode.
Authors: Veluri P. S. , Mitra S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFeP is fabricated by a scalable method comprising both the milling of Fe2O3 and NH4H2PO4 in PEG‐400 (1 h) and the drying of the homogeneous mixture (60 °C, 48 h) and firing under argon/10% H2 or pure H2 (800 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrafast Mechanochemical Synthesis of Copper Sulfides.
Authors: Balaz Matej , Zorkovska Anna , Urakaev Farit , Balaz Peter , Briancin Jaroslav , Bujnakova Zdenka , Achimovicova Marcela , Gock Eberhard 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCovellite, CuS and chalcocite, Cu2S are prepared within a few seconds by ball milling of the elemental precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical NCN′ and PCN Pincer Palladacycles and Their Catalytic Evaluation Compared with a Related SCN Pincer Palladacycle.
Authors: Roffe Gavin W. , Tizzard Graham J. , Coles Simon J. , Cox Hazel , Spencer John 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNewly developed unsymmetrical palladacycle catalysts are tested in an aldol condensation reaction as well as in a vinyl epoxide coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Perfluoroalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Acid Anhydrides as the Perfluoroalkyl Source.
Authors: Kawamura Shintaro , Sodeoka Mikiko 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCopper salts are found to play a crucial role as a catalyst to achieve allylic perfluoroalkylation with the in situ generated bis(perfluoroacyl) peroxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic Aminodecarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Lang Simon B. , Cartwright Kaitie C. , Welter Richard S. , Locascio Theresa M. , Tunge Jon A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUtilizing an organic photocatalyst, aminodecarboxylation of unactivated alkanecarboxylic acids generates reactive alkyl radical intermediates, which are trapped with azodicarboxylate to provide alkylated hydrazinedicarboxylates.
ChemInform Abstract: A syn‐Selective Aza‐Aldol Reaction of Boron Aza‐Enolates Generated from N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and 9‐BBN‐H.
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Nakamuro Takayuki , Miyakawa Sho , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStarting from terminal alkynes, a sequential one‐pot procedure for the stereoselective construction of 1,3‐amino alcohols having contiguous stereocenters is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Diastereoselective Mannich‐Type Reaction of α‐Fluorinated Carboxylate Esters: Synthesis of β‐Amino Acids Containing α‐Quaternary Fluorinated Carbon Centers.
Authors: Li Xiang , Li Ya , Shang Huaqi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe operationally simple title reaction has a broad substrate scope, thus tolerating α‐alkyl, α‐aryl, and α‐vinyl fluoroacetates which efficiently react with aldehyde or ketone derived N‐tert‐butylsulfinyl imines.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Poor, Fluoro‐Containing Arylboronic Acids as Efficient Coupling Partners for Bis(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)nickel(0)/Tricyclohexylphosphine‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Arenesulfonates.
Authors: Chen Wen‐Bo , Xing Chun‐Hui , Dong Jie , Hu Qiao‐Sheng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOptimal results concerning the formation of biphenyls are obtained in the presence of the catalytic system mentioned in the title.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Divergent Oxidative Pathways of 2‐Naphthol Derivatives: ortho‐Naphthoquinones versus 2‐BINOLs.
Authors: Kim H. Y. , Takizawa S. , Oh K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe selective formation of the title products is achieved by adjustment of the copper‐catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III)‐Catalyzed Arylation of Spiro‐Epoxyoxindoles with Phenols/Naphthols Towards the Synthesis of Spirocyclic Oxindoles.
Authors: Luo Mupeng , Yuan Rongju , Liu Xuesong , Yu Linqian , Wei Wanguo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn efficient transformation of spiro‐epoxyoxindoles with phenols to 3‐(3‐indolyl)oxindole‐3‐methanols is described which are further converted into benzofuranyl‐spirooxindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Hauser—Kraus Annulation of Phthalides with Nitroalkenes for the Synthesis of Fused and Spiro Heterocycles.
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Satam Nishikant , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA Hauser—Kraus annulation of sulfonylphthalides with conjugated nitro alkenes furnishes naphthoquinones in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Promoted Synthesis of Highly Substituted and Functionalized Tetrahydrothiophenes.
Authors: Ram Ram N. , Gupta Dharmendra Kumar , Soni Vineet Kumar 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHalogen atom transfer radical cyclization of 2,2,2‐trihaloethylallyl sulfides leads to highly functionalized tetrahydrothiophenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Eosin Y Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Styrenes Using O2 and CS2: A Direct Access to 1,3‐Oxathiolane‐2‐thiones.
Authors: Yadav Arvind K. , Yadav Lal Dhar S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe highly regioselective one‐pot synthesis of oxathioles is promoted by visible light using eosin Y as organophotoredox catalyst and air as sustainable reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Annulation of Alkynyl Aryl Ethers with Allyl Pivalates to Give 2,3‐Bismethylenechromanes Through Double C—H Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Minami Yasunori , Sakai Megumi , Anami Tomohiro , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe treatment of silylethynyloxyarenes with allylic pivalates in the presence of a palladium catalyst leads to efficient C—H bond cleavage in both substrates and a novel annulation reaction to give 2,3‐bismethylenechromanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid One‐Pot Aspartic Acid‐Promoted Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans in Water.
Authors: Ameli Shohreh , Davoodnia Abolghasem , Pordel Mehdi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by multicomponent reaction of dimedone, aryl aldehydes, and malononitrile using (.+‐.)‐aspartic acid as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Uniform Iodine Catalysis: Intramolecular C—H Amination of Arenes under Visible Light.
Authors: Martinez Claudio , Bosnidou Alexandra E. , Allmendinger Simon , Muniz Kilian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA mild protocol is developed for the intramolecular aryl amination reaction using visible light and iodine as catalysts in the presence of a mild hypervalent iodine oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free, Visible Light‐Photocatalyzed Synthesis of Benzo[b]phosphole Oxides: Synthetic and Mechanistic Investigations.
Authors: Quint Valentin , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Lohier Jean‐Francois , Lalevee Jacques , Gaumont Annie‐Claude , Lakhdar Sami 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStarting from various arylphosphine oxides and symmetrically or unsymmetrically disubstituted alkynes the title synthesis has a broad substrate scope
ChemInform Abstract: Phellibarin D with an Unprecedented Triterpenoid Skeleton Isolated from the Mushroom Phellinus rhabarbarinus.
Authors: Feng Tao , Cai Jin‐Long , Li Xue‐Mei , Zhou Zhong‐Yu , Huang Rong , Zheng Yong‐Sheng , Li Zheng‐Hui , Liu Ji‐Kai 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe title triterpenoid (I) exhibits cytotoxic activity against a number of human cancer cell lines (HL‐60, SMMC‐7721, A‐549, MCF‐7, and SW480).
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Total Synthesis of Cleistenolide.
Authors: Reddy A. Bal , Kumara Swamy B. , Yadav Jhillu Singh 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCleistenolide (I) is obtained in 42.5% overall yield over six steps starting from D‐glucose diacetonide using a selective benzoylation and Still—Gennari olefination as key steps.
Tailor-made transcriptional biosensors for optimizing microbial cell factories
Authors: De Paepe Brecht , Peters Gert , Coussement Pieter , Maertens Jo , De Mey Marjan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMonitoring cellular behavior and eventually properly adapting cellular processes is key to handle the enormous complexity of today’s metabolic engineering questions. Hence, transcriptional biosensors bear the potential to augment and accelerate current metabolic engineering strategies, catalyzing vital advances in industrial biotechnology. The development of such transcriptional biosensors typically starts with exploring nature’s richness. Hence, in a first part, the transcriptional biosensor architecture and the various modi operandi are briefly discussed, as well as experimental and computational methods and relevant ontologies to search for natural transcription factors and their corresponding binding sites. In the second part of this review, various engineering approaches are reviewed to tune the main characteristics of these (natural) transcriptional biosensors, i.e., the response curve and ligand specificity, in view of specific industrial biotechnology applications, which is illustrated using success stories of transcriptional biosensor engineering.
The Psychosocial Impact of Undergoing Prophylactic Total Gastrectomy (PTG) to Manage the Risk of Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC)
Authors: Hallowell Nina , Lawton Julia , Badger Shirlene , Richardson Sue , Hardwick Richard H , Caldas Carlos , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIndividuals identified as at high risk of developing Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC) are advised to undergo prophylactic surgery ‐ have their stomach removed ‐ in their early twenties. Research with (older) cancer patients who undergo gastrectomy for curative reasons suggests that gastric resection has a number of physical and psychosocial sequelae. Because it is difficult to extrapolate the findings of studies of older cancer patients to younger healthy patients who are considering prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG), the aim of this qualitative interview study was to determine the psychosocial implications of undergoing prophylactic surgery to manage genetic risk. Fourteen men and 13 women from the UK's Familial Gastric Cancer study who had undergone PTG were invited to participate in qualitative interviews. Most reported that undergoing surgery and convalescence was easier than anticipated. There was evidence that age affected experiences of PTG, with younger patients tending to report faster recovery times and more transient aftereffects. All saw the benefits of risk reduction as outweighing the costs of surgery. Surgery was described as having a range of physical impacts (disrupted appetite, weight loss, fatigue, GI symptoms) that had related psychological, social and economic implications. Those considering PTG need to be aware that its impact on quality of life is difficult to predict and negative sequelae may be ongoing for some individuals.
Anxiety‐ and depressive‐like profiles during early‐ and mid‐adolescence in the female Wistar Kyoto rat
Authors: D'Souza Deepthi , Sadananda Monika 
Published: November 2016

AbstractApproaches for the development of preclinical models of depression extensively use adult and male animals owing to the discrepancies arising out of the hormonal flux in adult females and adolescents during attainment of puberty. Thus the increased vulnerability of females towards clinical depression and anxiety‐related disorders remains incompletely understood. Development of clinical models of depression in adolescent females is essential in order to evolve effective treatment strategies for adolescent depression. In the present study, we have examined the anxiety and depressive‐like profiles in a putative animal model of childhood depression, the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat, during early adolescence (∼postnatal day 30) and mid‐adolescence (∼postnatal day 40). Female adolescent WKY rats, tested on a series of behavioural tests modelling anxiety‐ and depressive‐like behaviours with age‐matched Wistars as controls, demonstrated marked differences during early adolescence in a strain‐ and age‐specific manner. Anxiety indices were obtained from exposure to the elevated plus maze, where social communication vide 50‐kHz ultrasonic vocalizations was also assessed, while immobility and other parameters in the forced swim test were screened for depressive‐like profiles. Sucrose preference, used as a measure of anhedonia in animals, was lower in WKYs at both ages tested and decreased with age. Anxiety‐related behaviours were prominent in WKY rats only during early adolescence. WKY female rats are anxious during early adolescence and exhibit anhedonia as a core symptom of depression during early‐ and mid‐adolescence, thus indicating that inclusion of female animals in preclinical trials is essential and will contribute to gender‐based approaches to diagnosis and treatment of adolescent depression in females.
Toward a More Evidence-Based Nosology and Nomenclature for Female Sexual Dysfunctions—Part II
Authors: Parish Sharon J. , Goldstein Andrew T. , Goldstein Sue W. , Goldstein Irwin , Pfaus James , Clayton Anita H. , Giraldi Annamaria , Simon James A. , Althof Stanley E. , Bachmann Gloria , Komisaruk Barry , Levin Roy , Spadt Susan Kellogg , Kingsberg Sheryl A. , Perelman Michael A. , Waldinger Marcel D. , Whipple Beverly 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionCurrent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) definitions of sexual dysfunction do not identify all sexual problems experienced clinically by women and are not necessarily applicable for biologic or biopsychosocial management of female sexual dysfunction. A unified nomenclature system enables clinicians, researchers, and regulatory agencies to use the same language and criteria for determining clinical end points, assessing research results, and managing patients.AimTo develop nomenclature with classification systems for female sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm disorders with definitions pertinent to clinicians and researchers from multiple specialties who contribute to the field of sexual medicine.MethodsKey national and international opinion leaders diverse in gender, geography, and areas of expertise met for 2 days to discuss and agree to definitions of female sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm disorders and persistent genital arousal disorder. The attendees consisted of 10 psychiatrists and psychologists; 12 health care providers in specialties such as gynecology, internal medicine, and sexual medicine; three basic scientists; and one sexuality educator, representing an array of societies working within the various areas of sexual function and dysfunction.Main Outcome MeasureA unified set of definitions was developed and accepted for use by the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health (ISSWSH) and members of other stakeholder societies participating in the consensus meeting.ResultsCurrent DSM-5 definitions, in particular elimination of desire and arousal disorders as separate diagnoses and lack of definitions of other specific disorders, were adapted to create ISSWSH consensus nomenclature for distressing sexual dysfunctions. The ISSWSH definitions include hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female genital arousal disorder, persistent genital arousal disorder, female orgasmic disorder, pleasure dissociative orgasm disorder, and female orgasmic illness syndrome.ConclusionDefinitions for female sexual dysfunctions that reflect current science provide useful nomenclature for current and future management of women with sexual disorders and development of new therapies.
Testosterone Threshold for Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men: A Locally Weighted Regression Analysis
Authors: Liao Pin-Wen , Wu Chia-Chang , Chen Kuan-Chou , Jaw Fu-Shan , Yu Hong-Jeng , Liu Shih-Ping , Ho Chen-Hsun 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlthough testosterone deficiency has a well-known association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the threshold remains to be determined.AimTo investigate whether there is a discriminatory testosterone level below which the CVD risk increases.MethodsThe study included 876 men 45 to 74 years old who underwent a general health checkup. The Framingham Risk Score was used to estimate the 10-year CVD risk; a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of at least 1 mg/L was considered an indicator of increased CVD risk. Aging symptoms and sexual function were evaluated with the Aging Males’ Symptom Scale.Main Outcome MeasuresLocally weighted regression was performed to determine the testosterone threshold for Framingham CVD risk and increased hsCRP.ResultsThe mean age was 56.6 ± 7.0 years. The mean total testosterone level was 394.3 ± 115.7 ng/dL. The mean 10-year Framingham CVD risk was 16.6 ± 10.7%, and 169 (19.3%) had increased hsCRP. The locally weighted regression showed that total testosterone levels of 440 and 480 ng/dL were associated with increased Framingham CVD risk and an increased probability of increased hsCRP, respectively. Men with sexual dysfunction (poor sexual performance, decreased morning erection, and loss of libido) had significantly greater CVD risk. Their risk appeared to increase at a relatively higher testosterone level, and it reached a plateau at a testosterone level of 300 to 350 ng/dL. In contrast, the risk in those with no or less sexual dysfunction remained low at a higher testosterone level, and a threshold level of 425 to 475 ng/dL was associated with increased CVD risk. A similar pattern and threshold were identified in the analyses of the relation between testosterone and hsCRP.ConclusionThese data showed that a testosterone threshold of 440 ng/dL was associated with increased Framingham 10-year CVD risk in middle-aged and elderly men. Poor sexual performance, decreased morning erection, and loss of libido had an impact on the testosterone threshold for CVD risk. The threshold level was higher in men with sexual dysfunction. Further study is required to evaluate the validity of these testosterone thresholds for CVD risk.