bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digit Sucking, Age, Sex, and Socioeconomic Status as Determinants of Oral Hygiene Status and Gingival Health of Children in Suburban Nigeria
Authors: Agbaje Hakeem O. , Kolawole Kikelomo A. , Folayan Morenike O. , Onyejaka Nneka K. , Oziegbe Elizabeth O. , Oyedele Titus A. , Chukwumah Nneka M. , Oshomoji Olusegun V. 
Published: May 2016

Background: This study determines prevalence of digit sucking and gingivitis, and association among age, sex, socioeconomic status, presence of digit‐sucking habits, oral hygiene status (OHS), and gingivitis among a group of Nigerian children.Methods: Data of 992 children aged 1 to 12 years recruited through a household survey conducted in Osun State, Nigeria were analyzed. Information on age, sex, socioeconomic status, and history of digit‐sucking habits were collected. Children were assessed for OHS and severity of gingivitis using the simplified oral hygiene index and the gingival index, respectively. Predictors of presence of gingivitis and poor oral hygiene were determined using multivariate logistic regression.Results: One (0.2%) and 454 (93.0%) children aged 1 to 5 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis, respectively. Twenty‐two (4.4%) and 361 (72.9%) children aged 6 to 12 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis, respectively. The odds of having poor oral hygiene (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20 to 0.35; P <0.001) and gingivitis (AOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.31; P <0.001) was significantly reduced for children aged 1 to 5 years. The odds of having gingivitis was increased in children with low socioeconomic status (AOR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.31; P = 0.002). There was no significant relationship among sex, digit sucking, OHS, and presence of gingivitis.Conclusions: A digit‐sucking habit did not increase chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis. Increasing age and low socioeconomic status were factors that significantly increased chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis.
Practical Efforts for Post-Disaster Reconstruction in the City of Ishinomaki, Miyagi
Authors: Kobayashi Teppei ,   International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University  468-1 Aboba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan, Onoda Yasuaki , Hirano Katsuya , Ubaura Michio ,   Department of Architecture and Building Science, Graduate School Engineering, Tohoku University  6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
Published: May 2016

During the UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR), discussions on “designing for a safe and secure home and community” referenced various case studies and challenges from the “Build Back Better” (hereafter “BBB”) project. This paper introduces the following achievements of the BBB projects carried out by the authors:
1) leadership from academia that established a framework of practical dialogue (conferences) – more than mere information sharing – for maturing plans,
2) creation of the master plan concepts for each project based on expert perspectives in urban planning, landscape, and architecture,
3) development of an interrelationship between local tsunami defenses, such as river and coastal levees, and community-specific contexts and damaged facilities within the framework of civic design and community-building in the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake,
4) designing of reconstruction plans achievable through coordination with relevant institutions and through consensus-building with residents amid a high number of reconstruction projects,
5) advanced level of maturation of plans gained through continuous collaboration, and
6) creation of a place for community interaction as one step in recovery process and as a venue to realize the importance of public information disclosure
Can we learn anything from China about Education in Mathematics?
Authors: Field Jennifer 
Published: May 2016

Some countries in South East Asia do better than us in international mathematics tests. This would appear to indicate that their children are more able mathematically than ours. Our government is very keen to explore this further and in 2014/15 funded a National Shanghai Exchange Programme, involving teachers from the newly formed 34 National Maths Hubs. This opinion piece reflects upon the practices in Shanghai and explores whether we could actually learn anything from them which might improve our own teaching and learning in mathematics, and the impact this might have for HEIs.
The role of teaching observations: Developing or managing academic practice?
Authors: Compton Martin 
Published: May 2016

Observations of teaching are becoming increasingly common in Higher Education, often as part of a peer observation project, taught teacher education programme or other professional development activity. In the context of the evolving Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF), this paper argues that teaching observations can and should play a central role in developing teaching quality but that there needs to be clarity about the value and purpose of them from the start. Drawing on experiences from the Further Education sector, issues and pitfalls are highlighted that illustrate how a tool for teacher development can become a managerial mechanism for teacher perfromance monitoring whilst also suggesting approaches designed to create a positive engagement with observation by both the observer and the observed.
Southampton Feedback Champions: Students and staff improving feedback together, University of Southampton
Authors: Georgin Laurence , Stuart Kristina , Wainwright Rebecca , Anwar Rameesha , Hammed Abisola Tina 
Published: May 2016

This case study is about a project undertaken in 2014-2015 at the University of Southampton by Laurence Georgin and 27 students. The Southampton Feedback Champions project aimed to explore the creation, collection and application of feedback in a full range of contexts through a variety of tools and mechanisms with the potential to enhance good feedback practices. Students were employed as Southampton Feedback Champions to collect and develop further examples of good feedback practice as identified by Southampton students and staff. SFCs were at the heart of the project and took on roles as researchers, project managers, communication officers, and conference organisers and speakers. The outcomes from the project range from a better understanding of the feedback-related issues to the creation of staff and students resources, which aim to improve feedback understanding, its delivery and its potential within the higher education context.
Panopto: the Potential Benefits for Disabled Students
Authors: Kandler Clifton , Thorley Melanie 
Published: May 2016

This paper sets out to review the recent Panopto (lecture capturing) trial undertaken at a London University. We discuss the scope and findings of the trial. The universal design (UD) concept is briefly addressed to demonstrate how universal design can benefit a great many students, although the emphasis is on disabled students, which will enable the university to comply with the Equality Act 2010 aspect of anticipatory measures. In addition to the potential advantages and disadvantages for future disabled students who may not be in receipt of the Disabled Students’ Allowances (DSA), we also suggest potential institutional benefits and how different cohorts of non-traditional students may benefit from the technology.
Voices from the margins: narratives of learning development in a Digital Age
Authors: Abegglen Sandra , Burns Tom , Sinfield Sandra 
Published: May 2016

This paper explores how to facilitate the ‘bedding in’ and ‘becoming of’ undergraduate students who come from non-traditional backgrounds and struggle with what is, for them, the often alien world of academic writing and assessment. To achieve their aims, the authors set up a partnership between the students of a second-year Peer Mentoring module and those of a first-year Becoming an Educationalist one. By means of this creative partnering, and via reflective blog entries, they worked to harness quasi-academic writing to help such first-year students to become familiar with, and powerful within, the exclusionary practices (in particular, the written conventions of academic essays) of Higher Education. They argue that this innovative ‘teaming-up’ of second- and first-year students not only models collaborative learning and writing practice, but also facilitates the ‘bedding-in’ of newcomers. The paper itself models the partnership and creative writing methods used to help students find their ‘voice’ by being ‘co-produced’ by the people teaching across the two modules concerned.
Student-led development and evaluation of a community pharmacy-based cardiovascular risk assessment
Authors: Filion-Murphy Christine , Hands Lyndsey , Hockham Lyndsey , Kirkpatrick Laura , McNamara Sinead , Strath Alison , Rowe Iain , Vosper Helen 
Published: May 2016

Robert Gordon University’s key strength is employability (reflecting close liaison with the professions) and courses must therefore offer opportunities for work-based learning, which can be challenging in the current financial climate. This is a particular problem for Pharmacy: opportunities for placement are extremely limited and tend to be focused on the later years of the course. This ‘late and limited’ exposure to practice is thought to be responsible for significant failures in the ability of students and newly-qualified pharmacists to take their knowledge of science and medicines and apply it in the context of solving clinical problems. Furthermore, a lack of engagement with practice makes it difficult for the theoretical learning (especially the underpinning science) to be effectively contextualised, leading to an artificial segregation of the science and practice sections of the course. While pharmacists must be technically capable, success depends on a broader range of non-technical skills, including communication and empathy as well the ability to deal with the unexpected. Simulation is used as a partial alternative to the practice environment, but there are often vast differences between these highly-managed scenarios and the real situations encountered in practice. Since there is no ‘ideal’ setting for a pharmacist, students should be educated and trained with an understanding, at the forefront of their minds, of human factors - something which challenges existing course design. Teaching and learning activities must allow students to explore the differences between the ‘ideal’ and ‘real’ clinical environments and to recognise when deviations from the ideal are likely to affect patient safety. This paper discusses a piece of action research by MPharm undergraduate students, exploring ways in which such activities may be developed. These new activities are based upon an existing cardiovascular risk assessment, currently used to deliver scientific theory and develop technical skills, and involving the identification of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and the use of these to calculate the ten-year risk of cardiovascular disease.The approach involved the building of two simulated scenarios, one representing an ‘ideal’ risk assessment and the other reflecting adverse outcomes arising as a result of practice-based problems. Developing the simulations required an in-depth analysis of factors contributing to outcomes, and a combination of interviews with healthcare professionals and peer-peer focus groups were used to explore this. This paper discusses the challenges and learning points arising from this work, as well as an evaluation of the ways in which the work was used to enhance teaching in the academic session 2013-14.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Septic Systems in New York State
Authors: Truhlar Allison M. , Rahm Brian G. , Brooks Rachael A. , Nadeau Sarah A. , Makarsky Erin T. , Walter M. Todd 
Published: May 2016

Onsite septic systems use microbial processes to eliminate organic wastes and nutrients such as nitrogen; these processes can contribute to air pollution through the release of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Current USEPA estimates for septic system GHG emissions are based on one study conducted in north‐central California and are limited to methane; therefore, the contribution of these systems to the overall GHG emission budget is unclear. This study quantified and compared septic system GHG emissions from the soil over leach fields and the roof vent, which are the most likely locations for gas emissions during normal septic system operation. At each of eight septic systems, we measured fluxes of CH4, CO2, and N2O using a static chamber method. The roof vent released the majority of septic system gas emissions. In addition, the leach field was a significant source of N2O fluxes. Comparisons between leach field and vent emissions suggest that biological processes in the leach field soil may influence the type and quantity of gas released. Overall, our results suggest that (i) revisions are needed in USEPA guidance (e.g., septic systems are not currently listed as a source of N2O emissions) and (ii) similar studies representing a wider range of climatic and geographic settings are needed. The total vent, sand filter, and leach field GHG emissions were 0.17, 0.045, and 0.050 t CO2–equivalents capita−1 yr−1, respectively. In total, this represents about 1.5% of the annual carbon footprint of an individual living in the United States.Core Ideas
The GHG emissions of septic systems are not well quantified.
We provide the first measurements of GHG emissions over the septic leach field.
Leach field N2O emissions are significantly greater than control lawn emissions.
The majority of septic GHG emissions are released from the roof vent.
Septic GHG emissions equal about 1.5% of an American's annual carbon footprint.
A Cross-Cultural Validation of a Quality of Life Measure Using the Simple Measure of the Impact of Lupus Erythematosus in Youngsters (SMILEY©) among Filipino Pediatric Lupus Patients
Authors: Punzalan Jemely M. , Canonigo Beatrice B. , Cabansag Maria Rosario F. , Flores Dennis S. , Galutira Paul Joseph T. , Bernal Christine B. , Chan Remedios D. 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders in women of childbearing age. Simple Measure of Impact of Lupus Erythematosus in Youngsters (SMILEY) is the only health related quality of life (HRQOL) tool for pediatric SLE, which has been translated into many languages but is not yet available in Filipino.

Objective:
The primary objective of this study was to develop a Filipino translation of the SMILEY and to test the validity and reliability of this translation.

Methodology:
The SMILEY was translated into Filipino by a bilingual individual and back-translated by another bilingual individual blinded from the original English version. The translation was evaluated for content validity by a panel of experts and subjected to pilot testing. In the pilot, the SMILEY, together with the previously validated Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PEDSQL) 4.0 Generic Core Scale were administered to pediatric lupus patients and their parents on two separate occasions: a baseline and a re-test seven to fourteen days apart. Tests for convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were performed.

Results:
A total of fifty children and their parents were recruited. The mean age was 15.38±2.62 years (range 8-18 years), mean education level was high school. The mean duration of SLE was 28 months (range 1-81 months). Subjects found the questionnaires to be relevant, easy to understand and to answer. The validity of the SMILEY was demonstrated in terms of content validity, convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Age, socioeconomic status and educational attainment did not significantly impact the scores. The difference between scores reported by children and parents was significant with SMILEY Total (p=0.0214), effect on Social Life (p=0.0000), and PEDSQL Physical Function (p=0.0460), with children reporting higher scores for these domains compared to their parents.

Conclusion:
SMILEY is a brief, easy to understand, valid and reliable tool for assessing specific HRQOL in pediatric SLE. It will be useful in providing better care, understanding and may offer critical information regarding the effect of SLE in the quality of life of our pediatric lupus patients. It will help physician understands the needs of their patient not only on treatment of the specific disease but as well as the impact of the treatment on their daily lives.
Comparison of the tribological and mechanical performance for nano and micro filler epoxy composites
Authors: Özsoy Iskender , Mimaroglu Abdullah , Unal Huseyin 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this investigation, the tribological and mechanical performance of 10 wt.-% filled nano and micro epoxy composites were studied and compared. Nano fillers are Al2O3, TiO2 and clay and micro fillers are Al2O3, TiO2 and fly ash. Mechanical and wear tests were carried out. Wear tests were performed on pin-on-disc arrangement. Test conditions were 5, 10, 15 N applied load values, sliding speed of 0.8 m × s−1, 2000 m sliding distance under dry atmospheric conditions. The results show that the mechanical and tribological performance of micro filler filled epoxy composites are better than those of the nano filler filled composites.
Prevalence and Genetic Profile of Duchene and Becker Muscular Dystrophy in Puerto Rico
Authors: Ramos Edwardo , Conde José G. , Berrios Rafael Arias , Pardo Sherly , Gómez Omar , Mas Rodríguez Manuel F. 
Published: May 2016

Background: Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (DMD and BMD, respectively), are common forms of inherited muscle disease. Information regarding the epidemiology of these conditions, including genotype, is still sparse. Objective: To establish the prevalence and genetic profile of DMD and BMD in Puerto Rico. Methods: We collected data from medical records in all Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) clinics in Puerto Rico in order to estimate the prevalence of DMD and BMD and to describe the genotypic profile of these patients. Patients selected for data analysis matched “definite”, “probable” and “possible” case definitions as established by MD STARnet. Results: A total of 141 patients matched the inclusion criteria, with 64.5% and 35.5% being categorized into DMD and BMD, respectively. DMD and BMD prevalence in Puerto Rico was estimated at 5.18 and 2.84 per 100,000 males, respectively. Deletion was the most common form of mutation (66.7%) in the dystrophin gene, with exons in segment 45 to 47 being the most frequently affected. Conclusions: This is the first report of the prevalence and genetic profile characteristics of DMD and BMD in Puerto Rico. Prevalence of DMD was similar to that reported worldwide, while prevalence of BMD was higher. Genetic profile was consistent with that reported in the literature.
Quand dire, c’est faire taire
Authors: Le Caisne Léonore 
Published: May 2016

À partir de la comparaison des médiatisations de deux histoires d’inceste – l’« affaire Fritzl » et l’« affaire Gouardo » –, l’auteure montre comment le traitement médiatique d’un crime dépend des spécificités de la mise en récit des histoires rapportées et de leurs protagonistes, notamment de la représentation médiatique de la « vraie » et de la « fausse » victime. Elle interroge la possibilité (ou non) du traitement médiatique de l’inceste à travers le choix des éléments médiatisés et le parcours et l’enchevêtrement des médiatisations des deux histoires, et analyse la manière dont la médiatisation de l’histoire de Lydia Gouardo permit finalement de taire l’inceste.
Le rôle du « perceptif » dans la pensée de Pierre Marty
Authors: Botella Sára 
Published: May 2016

L’approche du « rôle du perceptif » dans la pensée de Pierre Marty conduit l’auteur à une étude comparative avec la pensée de Freud dans les années fondatrices de la psychanalyse. Il démontre l’importance accordée par Pierre Marty à l’association convergente des éléments perceptifs dans l’expérience fondatrice de la pratique psychosomatique. Marty rend ainsi possible un élargissement de la méthode freudienne aux traitements de névroses de caractère et des états non-névrotiques.
Du rôle de l’endoperception corporelle à partir d’un cas de vulvodynie
Authors: Stathopoulos Georgios 
Published: May 2016

À partir d’un cas de vulvodynie, l’auteur aborde la fonction aussi bien protectrice que transformatrice de la perception du corps. Le modèle de l’hypocondrie nous sert de base pour une étude de l’endoperception corporelle ; la vignette clinique présentée dévoile les points de passage entre hypocondrie et hystérie et par là entre perception et représentation. Le texte s’interroge enfin sur la relation entre le corps et l’autre et la manière dont elle a pu être réintroduite dans le transfert.
La « popularité » sur les SAV peut-elle être payante ? Les candidats préférés des utilisateurs de smartvote et leur résultat aux élections fédérales suisses de 2007
Authors: Ladner Andreas , Pianzola Joëlle 
Published: May 2016

Les Systèmes d’Aide au Vote (SAV) fournissent des conseils aux électeurs avant les élections et les aident à choisir entre les différents candidats et partis politiques en se basant sur la proximité politique. Bien que les SAV soient aujourd’hui largement utilisés à travers le monde, seules quelques recherches scientifiques portant sur leur effet sur le comportement électoral ont été publiées à ce jour. Cet article apporte un élément à ce débat en cours en se focalisant sur la question de savoir si la ‘popularité’ des candidats sur le SAV smartvote peut être considérée comme annonciatrice de leur succès personnel aux élections. Autrement dit : les candidats qui arrivent le plus souvent en tête des recommandations émises par smartvote sont-ils aussi les candidats qui obtiennent les meilleurs scores préférentiels aux élections ? Si tel était le cas, ces outils pourraient, en plus de leur rôle premier d’information aux électeurs, servir dans la prédiction des résultats électoraux.
COP 21 : quelle stratégie de lutte contre le changement climatique dessine l’Accord de Paris ?
Authors: Geoffron Patrice 
Published: May 2016

La COP 21 a débouché sur l’Accord de Paris qui est « historique » en ce sens qu’il implique tous les pays du monde. Mais les engagements pris à Paris sont insuffisants pour atteindre l’objectif de 2˚C (d’augmentation de la température à la fin du siècle) et conduiraient plutôt aux alentours de 3˚C. Pour réduire encore les émissions, l’Accord de Paris devra donc être « dynamique » en conduisant les Etats à revoir leurs engagements tous les cinq ans. Mais, pour cela, des facteurs d’inertie devront être surmontés, liés aux subventions en faveur de la consommation d’énergies fossiles ou au caractère très instable de leurs prix, ou bien encore à la dynamique de demande d’énergie dans les pays émergents.
Lq Norms of Fekete and Related Polynomials
Authors: Günther Christian , Schmidt Kai-Uwe 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA Littlewood polynomial is a polynomial in ℂ[z] having all of its coefficients in {−1, 1}. There are various old unsolved problems, mostly due to Littlewood and Erdos, that ask for Littlewood polynomials that provide a good approximation to a function that is constant on the complex unit circle, and in particular have small Lq normon the complex unit circle. We consider the Fekete polynomialswhere p is an odd prime and (· |p) is the Legendre symbol (so that z-1fp(z) is a Littlewood polynomial). We give explicit and recursive formulas for the limit of the ratio of Lq and L2 norm of fp when q is an even positive integer and p → ∞. To our knowledge, these are the first results that give these limiting values for specific sequences of nontrivial Littlewood polynomials and infinitely many q. Similar results are given for polynomials obtained by cyclically permuting the coefficients of Fekete polynomials and for Littlewood polynomials whose coefficients are obtained from additive characters of finite fields. These results vastly generalise earlier results on the L4 norm of these polynomials.