bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bottleneck breakthrough, action learning and transformation capability
Authors: Zhou Wenhui , Wang Chang , Hu Pingjie , Zhou Yifang 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the main advantages of integrating bottleneck theory, action learning and transformation capabilities to phenomenon and process analysis systems.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper selects three typical cases, using grounded theory standardized coding procedures, and selects exploratory case study approach.

Findings
– Inward small and medium manufacturing enterprises use the bottleneck breakthrough program and provide a correct knowledge input for action learning. Action learning provides a strong guarantee that for the implementation of bottleneck breakthrough program, programming and action learning are required to continually solve problems and achieve goals in the process.

Research limitations/implications
– The authors used inward manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises as research subjects The authors did not analysis the role of knowledge services; the future studies could explore how to improve the performance through the transformation value co-creation.

Practical implications
– Because of the lack of resources and capacity, small- and medium-sized enterprise adopt appropriate micro-innovation and continuous micro-transformation to break the bottleneck stage and achieve small victories.

Originality/value
– Learning and development enterprises are not only through multinational clients which restructuring enhance the learning capacity of the international M
&
A path. It does not conduct thorough and comprehensive change, and also not related to the structural of readjustment organization. In fact, the radical change and transformation strategy is different than other strategies.
The impact of capital shocks on M
&
A transactions
Authors: Zeng Hongchao , Huang Ying 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine whether an exogenous shock to the supply of financial capital mitigates agency conflicts between managers and shareholders and incentivizes managers to channel available financial resources into value-increasing acquisitions.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors use a difference-in-differences approach to mitigate endogeneity concerns. To address the concern that substantial differences between the treatment and control groups may violate the parallel-trend assumption of the D-in-D approach, the authors use a propensity score-matching procedure and construct a matched sample for their empirical analysis.

Findings
– The authors find that below-investment-grade firms are significantly less likely to make acquisitions relative to unrated firms following the collapse of the junk bond market in 1989. Conditional on initiating a successful acquisition, below-investment-grade acquirers are less likely to acquire diversifying targets and public targets, but more likely to acquire subsidiary targets. In addition, below-investment-grade acquirers experience higher post-merger operating and stock performance for acquisitions initiated in the post-shock period.

Originality/value
– The authors demonstrate that capital shocks negatively impact managers’ propensity to make acquisitions, which are considered a well-established outlet for agency conflicts between managers and shareholders. In addition, managers who are subject to capital shocks tend to manage available financial resources more efficiently and make better acquisition decisions that lead to greater value creation.
AGEs and HMGB1 Increase Inflammatory Cytokine Production from Human Placental Cells, Resulting in an Enhancement of Monocyte Migration
Authors: Shirasuna Koumei , Seno Kotomi , Ohtsu Ayaka , Shiratsuki Shogo , Ohkuchi Akihide , Suzuki Hirotada , Matsubara Shigeki , Nagayama Shiho , Iwata Hisataka , Kuwayama Takehito 
Published: March 2016

ProblemAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) and high‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) are considered contributing to placental inflammation. We examined the effect of AGEs and HMGB1 on cytokines from Sw.71 human trophoblast cell lines and the interactions between Sw.71 cells and THP‐1‐monocytes.Methods of studySw.71 cells were cultured with/without AGEs or HMGB1. We examined the role of AGEs or HMGB1 on THP1 migration and effect of AGEs on IL‐6 from Sw.71 cells using co‐cultures or conditioned medium from THP‐1 cells.ResultsAGEs and HMGB1 increased interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, and chemokine C‐C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) secretion from Sw.71 cells. The secretion of IL‐6 was dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF‐κB. AGEs stimulated IL‐6 secretion through receptor RAGE and TLR4, whereas HMGB1 stimulated it through TLR4. AGEs, but not HMGB1, increased monocyte migration via IL‐8 and CCL2 from Sw.71 cells. THP‐1 monocytes induced IL‐6 secretion from Sw.71 cells, and AGEs further stimulated it.ConclusionsAGEs and HMGB1 may promote sterile placental inflammation cooperating with monocytes/macrophages.
Effect of students’ determination of testing time on their test performance
Authors: Bakker D. R. , Deng D. M. , Wesselink P. R. , Vervoorn J. M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article investigates whether giving students control over preparing for and the moment of taking a test affects their test results in comparison with when the school is in control of the amount of training followed by a predetermined test moment. The students participated in training for manual dexterity. After the training, the students performed a test. The results of the test were stored in a database. Students from the group with freedom to select the moment of the test performed much better than those in the other group who did not have the freedom to select the moment for the test, with significantly fewer students requiring three attempts to pass the test. The fact that students when given the responsibility to develop manual skills performed better than when guided by the policy of the school is hopeful in the sense that students can learn in an early stage of their study to take responsibility for learning.
Effects of dust enrichment on oxygen fugacity of cosmic gases
Authors: Fedkin Alexei V. , Grossman Lawrence 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe degree to which dust enrichment enhances the oxygen fugacity (fO2) of a system otherwise solar in composition depends on the dust composition. Equilibrium calculations were performed at 10−3 bar in systems enriched by a factor of 104 in two fundamentally different types of dust to investigate the iron oxidation state in both cases. One type of dust, called SC for solar condensate, stopped equilibrating with solar gas at too high a temperature for FeO or condensed water to be stabilized in any form, and thus has the composition expected of a nebular condensate. The other has CI chondrite composition, appropriate for a parent body that accreted from SC dust and low‐temperature ice. Upon total vaporization at 2300 K, both systems have high fO2, >IW. In the SC dust‐enriched system, FeO of the bulk silicate reaches ~10 wt% at 1970 K but decreases to <1 wt% below 1500 K. The FeO undergoes reduction because consumption of gaseous oxygen by silicate recondensation causes a precipitous drop in fO2. Thus, enrichment in dust having the composition of likely nebular condensates cannot yield a sufficiently oxidizing environment to account for the FeO contents of chondrules. The fO2 of the system enriched in water‐rich, CI dust, however, remains high throughout condensation, as gaseous water remains uncondensed until very low temperatures. This allows silicate condensates to achieve and maintain FeO contents of 27–35 wt%. Water‐rich parent bodies are thus excellent candidate sources of chondrule precursors. Impacts on such bodies may have created the combination of high dust enrichment, total pressure, and fO2 necessary for chondrule formation.
Validity of Self‐Reported Pre‐Pregnancy Weight and Body Mass Index Classification in an Integrated Health Care Delivery System
Authors: Han Emily , Abrams Barbara , Sridhar Sneha , Xu Fei , Hedderson Monique 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐reported weight prior to pregnancy is prone to error. We utilised a measured pre‐conceptional weight from the electronic health record (EHR) to investigate error in recalled pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) category and compared how associations between pre‐pregnancy BMI and pregnancy outcomes varied by using the two measures.MethodsWe assessed differences in means, correlations, and categorisation of pre‐pregnancy BMI for 5092 singleton pregnancies delivered between 2007 and 2013 in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Associations between measured and self‐reported BMI category and gestational diabetes, infant size for gestational age, and exceeding the Institute of Medicine gestational weight gain recommendations were assessed.ResultsOverall, the two measures assigned the same BMI category for 86.7% of women with higher risks of misclassification for overweight (Relative Risk (RR) 3.38, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.79, 4.10), obese class I (RR 3.81, 95% CI 3.07, 4.75), and obese class II (RR 1.80, 95% CI 1.28, 2.55) women compared to normal weight women. However, associations between self‐reported or measured BMI category and several pregnancy outcomes were similar.ConclusionsDespite misclassification, self‐reported and measured pre‐pregnancy weights were similarly associated with perinatal outcomes in this study population. Our results illustrate the value of the EHR for recording measured pre‐pregnancy weight for use in research.
Regulation by Reputation: Monitoring and Sanctioning in Nonprofit Accountability Clubs
Authors: Tremblay‐Boire Joannie , Prakash Aseem , Gugerty Mary Kay 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNonprofits seek to enhance their reputation for responsible management by joining voluntary regulation mechanisms such as accountability clubs. Because external stakeholders cannot fully observe nonprofits’ compliance with club obligations, clubs incorporate mechanisms to monitor compliance and impose sanctions. Yet including monitoring and sanctioning mechanisms increases the cost of club membership for nonprofits. What factors account for the variation in the strength of monitoring and sanctioning mechanisms in voluntary accountability clubs? An analysis of 224 clubs suggests that stringent monitoring and sanctioning mechanisms are more likely in fund‐raising‐focused clubs, clubs that offer certification (as opposed to only outlining a code of conduct), and clubs with greater longevity. The macro context in which clubs function also shapes their institutional design: clubs inOECDcountries and clubs with global membership are less likely to incorporate monitoring and sanctioning mechanisms than clubs in non‐OECDcountries and single‐country clubs, respectively.
Simple universal models capture all classical spin physics
Authors: De las Cuevas Gemma , Cubitt Toby S. 
Published: March 2016

One model to rule them all?
The idea of finding an all-encompassing model to describe the world around us has appealed to generations of scientists. Although we are very far from this ultimate goal, more modest steps can be taken if we focus on particular problems. De las Cuevas and Cubitt used concepts borrowed from computer science to show that all classical spin models (introduced initially to study magnetism) can be solved by tackling a slightly more complex, universal model (see the Perspective by Wehner). Thanks to these findings, it may be possible to physically simulate systems with complex interactions, using the well-understood two-dimensional Ising model with fields.

Science
, this issue p.
1180
; see also p.
1156
Update on Baylisascariasis, a Highly Pathogenic Zoonotic Infection
Authors: Graeff-Teixeira Carlos , Morassutti Alessandra Loureiro , Kazacos Kevin R. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARY

Baylisascaris procyonis
, the raccoon roundworm, infects a wide range of vertebrate animals, including humans, in which it causes a particularly severe type of larva migrans. It is an important cause of severe neurologic disease (neural larva migrans [NLM]) but also causes ocular disease (OLM; diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis [DUSN]), visceral larva migrans (VLM), and covert/asymptomatic infections.
B. procyonis
is common and widespread in raccoons, and there is increasing recognition of human disease, making a clinical consideration of baylisascariasis important. This review provides an update for this disease, especially its clinical relevance and diagnosis, and summarizes the clinical cases of human NLM and VLM known to date. Most diagnosed patients have been young children less than 2 years of age, although the number of older patients diagnosed in recent years has been increasing. The recent development of recombinant antigen-based serodiagnostic assays has aided greatly in the early diagnosis of this infection. Patients recovering with fewer severe sequelae have been reported in recent years, reinforcing the current recommendation that early treatment with albendazole and corticosteroids should be initiated at the earliest suspicion of baylisascariasis. Considering the seriousness of this zoonotic infection, greater public and medical awareness is critical for the prevention and early treatment of human cases.
The Clinical Urine Culture: Enhanced Techniques Improve Detection of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms
Authors: Price Travis K. , Dune Tanaka , Hilt Evann E. , Thomas-White Krystal J. , Kliethermes Stephanie , Brincat Cynthia , Brubaker Linda , Wolfe Alan J. , Mueller Elizabeth R. , Schreckenberger Paul C. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Enhanced quantitative urine culture (EQUC) detects live microorganisms in the vast majority of urine specimens reported as “no growth” by the standard urine culture protocol. Here, we evaluated an expanded set of EQUC conditions (expanded-spectrum EQUC) to identify an optimal version that provides a more complete description of uropathogens in women experiencing urinary tract infection (UTI)-like symptoms. One hundred fifty adult urogynecology patient-participants were characterized using a self-completed validated UTI symptom assessment (UTISA) questionnaire and asked “Do you feel you have a UTI?” Women responding negatively were recruited into the no-UTI cohort, while women responding affirmatively were recruited into the UTI cohort; the latter cohort was reassessed with the UTISA questionnaire 3 to 7 days later. Baseline catheterized urine samples were plated using both standard urine culture and expanded-spectrum EQUC protocols: standard urine culture inoculated at 1 μl onto 2 agars incubated aerobically; expanded-spectrum EQUC inoculated at three different volumes of urine onto 7 combinations of agars and environments. Compared to expanded-spectrum EQUC, standard urine culture missed 67% of uropathogens overall and 50% in participants with severe urinary symptoms. Thirty-six percent of participants with missed uropathogens reported no symptom resolution after treatment by standard urine culture results. Optimal detection of uropathogens could be achieved using the following: 100 μl of urine plated onto blood (blood agar plate [BAP]), colistin-nalidixic acid (CNA), and MacConkey agars in 5% CO
2
for 48 h. This streamlined EQUC protocol achieved 84% uropathogen detection relative to 33% detection by standard urine culture. The streamlined EQUC protocol improves detection of uropathogens that are likely relevant for symptomatic women, giving clinicians the opportunity to receive additional information not currently reported using standard urine culture techniques.
Evaluation of Multiplex-Based Antibody Testing for Use in Large-Scale Surveillance for Yaws: a Comparative Study
Authors: Cooley Gretchen M. , Mitja Oriol , Goodhew Brook , Pillay Allan , Lammie Patrick J. , Castro Arnold , Moses Penias , Chen Cheng , Ye Tun , Ballard Ronald , Martin Diana L. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

WHO has targeted yaws for global eradication by 2020. The program goals are to interrupt the transmission in countries where yaws is endemic and to certify countries as yaws free where yaws was endemic in the past. No new rapid plasmin reagin (RPR) seroreactivity in young children is required for certification of elimination at a country level. We sought to evaluate whether antibody responses to specific treponemal antigens measured in a high-throughput multiplex bead array (MBA) assay differentiate past versus current infection and whether a nontreponemal lipoidal antigen test can be incorporated into the MBA. Serum and dried blood spot specimens collected for yaws surveillance projects in Ghana, Vanuatu, and Papua New Guinea (PNG) were run on MBA to measure antibodies against recombinant p17 (rp17) and treponemal membrane protein A (TmpA) treponemal antigens. Results were compared to standard treponemal laboratory (TPPA or TPHA [TPP(H)A]) and quantitative RPR test data. Of 589 specimens, 241 were TPP(H)A
+
/RPR
+
, 88 were TPP(H)A
+
/RPR
−
, 6 were TPP(H)A
−
/RPR
+
, and 254 were negative for both tests. Compared to TPP(H)A, reactive concordance of rp17 was 93.7%, while reactive concordance of TmpA was only 81.9%. TmpA-specific reactivity showed good correlation with RPR titers (
R
2
= 0.41;
P
< 0.0001). IgG responses to the lipoidal antigen used in RPR testing (cardiolipin) were not detected in the MBA. Our results suggest that TmpA can be used as a treponemal antigen marker for recent or active infection and potentially replace RPR in a high-throughput multiplex tool for large-scale yaws surveillance.
Differential Persistence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in African Buffalo Is Related to Virus Virulence
Authors: Maree Francois , de Klerk-Lorist Lin-Mari , Gubbins Simon , Zhang Fuquan , Seago Julian , Pérez-Martín Eva , Reid Liz , Scott Katherine , van Schalkwyk Louis , Bengis Roy , Charleston Bryan , Juleff Nicholas 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) circulates as multiple serotypes and strains in many regions of endemicity. In particular, the three Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes are maintained effectively in their wildlife reservoir, the African buffalo, and individuals may harbor multiple SAT serotypes for extended periods in the pharyngeal region. However, the exact site and mechanism for persistence remain unclear. FMD in buffaloes offers a unique opportunity to study FMDV persistence, as transmission from carrier ruminants has convincingly been demonstrated for only this species. Following coinfection of naive African buffaloes with isolates of three SAT serotypes from field buffaloes, palatine tonsil swabs were the sample of choice for recovering infectious FMDV up to 400 days postinfection (dpi). Postmortem examination identified infectious virus for up to 185 dpi and viral genomes for up to 400 dpi in lymphoid tissues of the head and neck, focused mainly in germinal centers. Interestingly, viral persistence
in vivo
was not homogenous, and the SAT-1 isolate persisted longer than the SAT-2 and SAT-3 isolates. Coinfection and passage of these SAT isolates in goat and buffalo cell lines demonstrated a direct correlation between persistence and cell-killing capacity. These data suggest that FMDV persistence occurs in the germinal centers of lymphoid tissue but that the duration of persistence is related to virus replication and cell-killing capacity.

IMPORTANCE
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious acute vesicular disease in domestic livestock and wildlife species. African buffaloes (
Syncerus caffer
) are the primary carrier hosts of FMDV in African savannah ecosystems, where the disease is endemic. We have shown that the virus persists for up to 400 days in buffaloes and that there is competition between viruses during mixed infections. There was similar competition in cell culture: viruses that killed cells quickly persisted more efficiently in passaged cell cultures. These results may provide a mechanism for the dominance of particular viruses in an ecosystem.
BPIFB6 Regulates Secretory Pathway Trafficking and Enterovirus Replication
Authors: Morosky Stefanie , Lennemann Nicholas J. , Coyne Carolyn B. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) fold-containing family B, member 3 (BPIFB3) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized host factor that negatively regulates coxsackievirus B (CVB) replication through its control of the autophagic pathway. Here, we show that another member of the BPIFB family, BPIFB6, functions as a positive regulator of CVB, and other enterovirus, replication by controlling secretory pathway trafficking and Golgi complex morphology. We show that similar to BPIFB3, BPIFB6 localizes exclusively to the ER, where it associates with other members of the BPIFB family. However, in contrast to our findings that RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of BPIFB3 greatly enhances CVB replication, we show that silencing of BPIFB6 expression dramatically suppresses enterovirus replication in a pan-viral manner. Mechanistically, we show that loss of BPIFB6 expression induces pronounced alterations in retrograde and anterograde trafficking, which correlate with dramatic fragmentation of the Golgi complex. Taken together, these data implicate BPIFB6 as a key regulator of secretory pathway trafficking and viral replication and suggest that members of the BPIFB family participate in diverse host cell functions to regulate virus infections.

IMPORTANCE
Enterovirus infections are associated with a number of severe pathologies, such as aseptic meningitis, dilated cardiomyopathy, type I diabetes, paralysis, and even death. These viruses, which include coxsackievirus B (CVB), poliovirus (PV), and enterovirus 71 (EV71), co-opt the host cell secretory pathway, which controls the transport of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex, to facilitate their replication. Here we report on the identification of a novel regulator of the secretory pathway, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) fold-containing family B, member 6 (BPIFB6), whose expression is required for enterovirus replication. We show that loss of BPIFB6 expression correlates with pronounced defects in the secretory pathway and greatly reduces the replication of CVB, PV, and EV71. Our results thus identify a novel host cell therapeutic target whose function could be targeted to alter enterovirus replication.