bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enseñanza de Lenguas de Frontera en la Triple Frontera
Authors: Minuzzo Cinthia Itatí Gabriela , Cordeiro Ribeiro Simone Beatriz 
Published: January 2018

Este articulo pretende dar a conocer el Proyecto de Extensión “Ensino de Linguas de Fronteira através de práticas Interdisciplinares”, de la Universidad Federal de la Integración Latinoamericana, llevado a cabo en la ciudad de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná. Destinado a alumnos y docentes de la Enseñanza Fundamental I y demás miembros de la comunidad educativa interesados, el mismo está relacionado al Proyecto de Investigación “Ensino de linguas de fronteira sob a perspectiva de fronteira geográfica enunciativa” y también correlacionado al Proyecto de Extensión “Ensino de Português como Língua Adicional no Ensino Fundamental I”. Dentro de la perspectiva de frontera geográfica enunciativa, las lenguas de frontera ultrapasan los límites geográficos e se constituyen como lenguas de integración, de este modo, el contacto lingüístico-enunciativo entre los sujetos involucra también contenidos políticos y socioculturales. La metodología y fundamentación teórica utilizada para la ejecución de las actividades propuestas para la enseñanza de Lengua Española están sustentadas en los presupuestos de la Lingüística Aplicada, Sociolingüística, Políticas y Derechos Lingüísticos con enfoque en la enseñanza de Lenguas de Frontera.
Identifikasi Jenis dan Mutu Teh Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra Digital dengan Metode Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan
Authors: Effendi Masud , Fitriyah Fitriyah , Effendi Usman 
Published: January 2018

Teh merupakan hasil pucuk daun muda tanaman Camelia sinensis dan menjadi salah satu produk ekspor terbesar. Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi konsumen dalam memilih teh berkualitas baik adalah minimnya pengetahuan konsumen terhadap jenis dan mutu teh, sehingga menyebabkan perbedaan penentuan jenis dan mutu teh. Penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi jenis dan mutu teh dari 3 jenis teh yaitu teh hitam, teh hijau, dan teh putih perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang aplikasi sistem pengolahan citra digital untuk mengidentifikasi jenis dan mutu teh serta menentukan hasil pengenalan terbaik berdasarkan akurasi yang diperoleh. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode pengolahan citra digital dengan teknik Learning Vector Quantization yang menggunakan 6 parameter warna yaitu R, G, B, H, S, dan I sebagai neuron input dan 13 mutu dari 3 jenis teh sebagai neuron output. Penelitian menggunakan 403 citra dengan perbandingan training dan testing sebesar 80:20. Akurasi training diperoleh sebesar 62,7%. Prediksi menggunakan 26 sampel citra teh berbeda menunjukkan tingkat akurasi sebesar 42,31%. Kata Kunci: jaringan syaraf tiruan, learning vector quantization (LVQ), teh
Catastrophic Effects of Out-of-Pocket Payments for Health Care Using Synthetic Panel Data
Authors: Adhikari Shiva Raj , Sapkota Vishnu Prasad 
Published: January 2018

Panel data can provide more accurate information about the movement of catastrophic payments. The study measures dynamics of catastrophic payment by utilizing recently developed method of creating synthetic panel from two cross-sectional data. It is interested to estimate percentage of households that faced catastrophic health expenditure in first period but didn't face it in second period. Catastrophic payment is defined as OOP payments as a share of total non-food consumption. The threshold for catastrophic health expenditure for non-food expenditure has been set 15% to 50%. The findings related to the movement of households from catastrophic health expenditure to non-catastrophic health expenditure and vice versa between the period of 2004 and 2011. Probability of percentage population faced catastrophic impact due to medicine costs in the first period and in the second period is decreasing from 20.1 per cent to 0.01 percent as increased in threshold 15% to 50%. Similarly, probability of catastrophic impact in the first period but not in the second period is decreasing from 3.1 per cent to 0.00 percent as increased in threshold 15% to 50%. Probability of not having catastrophic impact in the first period but catastrophic impact in the second period is decreasing from 17.2 per cent to 1.9 percent as increased in threshold 15% to 50%. Probability of not having catastrophic impact in both periods is increasing from 60.0 per cent to 98.3 percent as increased in threshold 15% to 50%. Catastrophic to catastrophic incidences in Terai ecological belt are higher than in hills and Mountain. Similarly, Disadvantaged non Dalit Terai caste have higher incidence than other caste groups. Synthetic panel gives the indicative trends; incidences may not be directly comparable with incidences estimated from cross-sectional data.Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 21 & 22 No. 1-2 (2016) Combined Issue, Page: 22-41
Effectiveness of Teaching Economics in Higher Secondary School Level, Nepal
Authors: Khadka Chakra Bahadur 
Published: January 2018

Teaching economics to students in a clear and unbiased manner supports beginner students, master the essential principles of understanding the economizing problem, specific economic issues, help the student to understand and apply economics in a precise and empirical manner on economic issues and promote a lasting student interest in issue of economics.The objective of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of teaching economics in higher secondary school level. Two hundred four teachers and equal students’ number have been selected for questionnaire survey. The survey data were collected from different training centers of the training and workshop interval. Psychometric scale, was designed for data collection. For the data analysis, SEM is used, including simultaneously complete tests of model fit, together with simultaneously overall tests of model fit, specific parameter estimates, compare simultaneously, OLS coefficients, Means and Variances. The finding is based on the assumption that is; default model is correct, the probability of getting a discrepancy as significant as 73.59 is 0.00 of students' understanding of economics in their classroom. Maximum likelihood estimates at all the parameter estimates are highly significant. If EFET positive change by 1, T_EFET_2 also positively change by 0.88. The regression weights to estimate, 0.88, has a standard error of about 0.06. Dividing the regression weight estimate by the estimate of its standard error gives z = 0.88/0.06 = 14.91. The variables of student understanding are significantly different from 0 except S_QOAT_4. As ATME positive changes by 1, S_ATME_2 also positively change 0.57. The regression weights to estimate, 0.57, has a standard error of about 0.04. Students they agreed with 8A and 9A statement. This is recommended that teach the teachers as a workshop style and training in improving economics instruction in Higher Secondary Schools Level. The experimental program helps teachers to gain an understanding of economic concepts and improve pedagogy. Improved classroom environment, the latest text materials might be the encouraging to economics subject to the student.Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 21 & 22 No. 1-2 (2016) Combined Issue, Page:99-126
The Enigmatic (Almost) Dark Galaxy Coma P: The Atomic Interstellar Medium
Authors: Ball Catherine , Cannon John M. , Leisman Lukas , Adams Elizabeth A. K. , Haynes Martha P. , Józsa Gyula I. G. , McQuinn Kristen B. W. , Salzer John J. , Brunker Samantha , Giovanelli Riccardo , Hallenbeck Gregory , Janesh William , Janowiecki Steven , Jones Michael G. , Rhode Katherine L. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present new high-resolution H i spectral line imaging of Coma P, the brightest H i source in the system HI 1232+20. This galaxy with extremely low surface brightness was first identified in the ALFALFA survey as an “(Almost) Dark” object: a clearly extragalactic H i source with no obvious optical counterpart in existing optical survey data (although faint ultraviolet emission was detected in archival GALEX imaging). Using a combination of data from the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, we investigate the H i morphology and kinematics at a variety of physical scales. The H i morphology is irregular, reaching only moderate maxima in mass surface density (peak

pc−2). Gas of lower surface brightness extends to large radial distances, with the H i diameter measured at 4.0 ± 0.2 kpc inside the

pc−2 level. We quantify the relationships between mass surface density of H i gas and star formation on timescales of ∼100–200 Myr as traced by GALEX far-ultraviolet emission. While Coma P has regions of dense H i gas reaching the

cm−2 level typically associated with ongoing star formation, it lacks massive star formation as traced by Hα emission. The H i kinematics are extremely complex: a simple model of a rotating disk cannot describe the H i gas in Coma P. Using spatially resolved position–velocity analysis we identify two nearly perpendicular axes of projected rotation that we interpret as either the collision of two H i disks or a significant infall event. Similarly, three-dimensional modeling of the H i dynamics provides a best fit with two H i components. Coma P is just consistent (within 3σ) with the known

scaling relation. It is either too large for its H i mass, has too low an H i mass for its H i size, or the two H i components artificially extend its H i size. Coma P lies within the empirical scatter at the faint end of the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation, although the complexity of the H i dynamics complicates the interpretation. Along with its large ratio of H i to stellar mass, the collective H i characteristics of Coma P make it unusual among known galaxies in the nearby universe.
Advanced Diagnostics for the Study of Linearly Polarized Emission. I. Derivation
Authors: Herron C. A. , Gaensler B. M. , Lewis G. F. , McClure-Griffiths N. M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Linearly polarized emission is described, in general, in terms of the Stokes parameters Q and U, from which the polarization intensity and polarization angle can be determined. Although the polarization intensity and polarization angle provide an intuitive description of the polarization, they are affected by the limitations of interferometric data, such as missing single-dish data in the u–v plane, from which radio-frequency interferometric data is visualized. To negate the effects of these artifacts, it is desirable for polarization diagnostics to be rotationally and translationally invariant in the Q–U plane. One rotationally and translationally invariant quantity, the polarization gradient, has been shown to provide a unique view of spatial variations in the turbulent interstellar medium when applied to diffuse radio-frequency synchrotron emission. In this paper, we develop a formalism to derive additional rotationally and translationally invariant quantities. We present new diagnostics that can be applied to diffuse or point-like polarized emission in any waveband, including a generalization of the polarization gradient, the polarization directional curvature, polarization wavelength derivative, and polarization wavelength curvature. In Paper II, we will apply these diagnostics to observed and simulated images of diffuse radio-frequency synchrotron emission.
Biased Generation and In Situ Activation of Lung Tissue–Resident Memory CD4 T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Asthma
Authors: Turner Damian L. , Goldklang Monica , Cvetkovski Filip , Paik Daniel , Trischler Jordis , Barahona Josselyn , Cao Minwei , Dave Ronak , Tanna Nicole , D’Armiento Jeanine M. , Farber Donna L. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by allergen-specific CD4 T cells that promote lung inflammation through recruitment of cellular effectors into the lung. A subset of lung T cells can persist as tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) following infection and allergen induction, although the generation and role of TRM in asthma persistence and pathogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we used a mouse model of chronic exposure to intranasal house dust mite (HDM) extract to dissect how lung TRMs are generated and function in the persistence and pathogenesis of allergic airway disease. We demonstrate that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infiltrate into the lung tissue during acute HDM exposure; however, only CD4+ TRMs, and not CD8+ TRMs, persist long term following cessation of HDM administration. Lung CD4+ TRMs are localized around airways and are rapidly reactivated upon allergen re-exposure accompanied by the rapid induction of airway hyperresponsiveness independent of circulating T cells. Lung CD4+ TRM activation to HDM challenge is also accompanied by increased recruitment and activation of dendritic cells in the lungs. Our results indicate that lung CD4+ TRMs can perpetuate allergen-specific sensitization and direct early inflammatory signals that promote rapid lung pathology, suggesting that targeting lung CD4+ TRMs could have therapeutic benefit in alleviating recurrent asthma episodes.
“People of Allada, This Is Our Return”: Indexicality, Multiple Temporalities, and Resonance in the Music of the Gangbé Brass Band of Benin
Authors: Politz Sarah 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The Gangbé Brass Band song “Alladanou” makes specific historical, linguistic, and musical references to Benin’s precolonial, colonial, and postindependence histories. I use these references as a point of departure in exploring the relationship of the song to the royal court style of adjògàn. I consider how the Cameroonian political theorist Achille Mbembe’s framework of multiple temporalities illuminates the historical flexibility at play in Gangbé’s album Togbé. I conclude by proposing an analytical framework for analyzing “Alladanou” that proceeds from an interest in audience, relationality, the Fon concept of gbè (voice or sound), and resonance.
La chanson du Gangbé Brass Band “Alladanou” fait certains références historiques, linguistiques, et musicales aux histoires précoloniales, coloniales, et de la postindépendence du Bénin. J’utilise ces références comme point du depart pour explorer la relation de la chanson au style du cour royal de l’adjògàn. Je considère comment les idées du theorien politique camerounais Achille Mbembe illuminent la flexibilité historique en jeu dans l’album Togbé de Gangbé. Je conclus en proposant un cadre analytique pour l’analyse de “Alladanou” qui procède d’un intérět à la publique, à la relationnalité, au concept Fon du gbè (la voix ou le son), et à la resonance.
La mesure des précaires
Authors: Tasset Cyprien 
Published: January 2018

La notion de précarité occupe une place importante dans la sociologie contemporaine. Mais elle est divisée, aussi bien du point de vue des approches sociologiques que des matrices politiques qui la visent. Pour clarifier ces différences de perspectives, nous revenons, de façon approfondie et en accordant une attention particulière aux différents rapports à la quantification, sur les modes de problématisation qui, à la fin des années 1970, ont investi le nom « précaires ». Premièrement, les sciences sociales du travail s’alarment d’un renouvellement des segmentations juridiques de la condition salariale, dans des termes qui entraînent une tension entre juridisme et étude de la pauvreté. Deuxièmement, des sociologues ont rejoint des experts plus proches d’instances de pouvoir dans une discussion à propos de la signification contestataire des usages « marginaux » de l’emploi précaire. Troisièmement, des théoriciens d’extrême gauche ont tenté de reporter sur « les précaires » le rôle de classe révolutionnaire, inaugurant une série de tentatives de mobilisation. Nous souhaitons faire ressortir l’hétérogénéité des types de connaissance ainsi que des perspectives politiques qui portent sur « les précaires ».
Siegfried Kracauer, sociologue de la culture
Authors: Schmidt-Lux Thomas , Thériault Barbara 
Published: January 2018

Alors que, de nos jours, c’est à un critique et un théoricien du cinéma que l’on associe le plus souvent Siegfried Kracauer, nous traçons ici les contours de son oeuvre au regard de sa pertinence pour la sociologie de la culture. Nous concentrant sur ses écrits journalistiques, nous nous intéressons au rôle qu’y joue l’observation et à la place qu’y occupent l’espace et le « concret », à l’écriture sociologique, à la lecture du monde moderne, à la posture des intellectuels et au rapport non dogmatique de l’auteur au politique et à la théorie. Enfin, nous nous interrogeons sur l’apport que représentent ses écrits pour une sociologie qui se veut exigeante et empirique, tout en se présentant comme divertissante et sans formalisme.
Optimizing taxonomic classification of marker gene amplicon sequences
Authors: Bokulich Nicholas A , Kaehler Benjamin D , Rideout Jai Ram , Dillon Matthew , Bolyen Evan , Knight Rob , Huttley Gavin A. , Caporaso J. Gregory 
Published: January 2018

Background: Taxonomic classification of marker-gene sequences is an important step in microbiome analysis.
Results: We present q2-feature-classifier ( https://github.com/qiime2/q2-feature-classifier ), a QIIME 2 plugin containing several novel machine-learning and alignment-based taxonomy classifiers that meet or exceed the accuracy of existing methods for marker-gene amplicon sequence classification. We evaluated and optimized several commonly used taxonomic classification methods (RDP, BLAST, UCLUST) and several new methods (a scikit-learn naive Bayes machine-learning classifier, and alignment-based taxonomy consensus methods of VSEARCH, BLAST+, and SortMeRNA) for classification of marker-gene amplicon sequence data.
Conclusions: Our results illustrate the importance of parameter tuning for optimizing classifier performance, and we make recommendations regarding parameter choices for a range of standard operating conditions. q2-feature-classifier and our evaluation framework, tax-credit, are both free, open-source, BSD-licensed packages available on GitHub.
Self‐Doping Fullerene Electrolyte‐Based Electron Transport Layer for All‐Room‐Temperature‐Processed High‐Performance Flexible Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Xue Rongming , Xu Guiying , Chen Weijie , Bian Guo‐Qing , Wei Changan , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo achieve high‐performance large‐area flexible polymer solar cells (PSCs), one of the challenges is to develop new interface materials that possess a thermal‐annealing‐free process and thickness‐insensitive photovoltaic properties. Here, an n‐type self‐doping fullerene electrolyte, named PCBB‐3N‐3I, is developed as electron transporting layer (ETL) for the application in PSCs. PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL can be processed at room temperature, and shows excellent orthogonal solvent processability, substantially improved conductivity, and appropriate energy levels. PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL also functions as light‐harvesting acceptor in a bilayer solar cell, contributing to the overall device performance. As a result, the PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL‐based inverted PSCs with a PTB7‐Th:PC71BM photoactive layer demonstrate an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.62% for rigid and 10.04% for flexible devices. Moreover, the device avoids a thermal annealing process and the photovoltaic properties are insensitive to the thickness of PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL, yielding a PCE of 9.32% for the device with thick PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL (61 nm). To the best of one's knowledge, the above performance yields the highest efficiencies for the flexible PSCs and thick ETL‐based PSCs reported so far. Importantly, the flexible PSCs with PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL also show robust bending durability that could pave the way for the future development of high‐performance flexible solar cells.
Energy Landscape of Vertically Anisotropic Polymer Blend Films toward Highly Efficient Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes (PLEDs)
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Umair , Liu Yee‐Chen , Yetisen Ali K. , Butt Haider , Friend Richard Henry 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA blend of two hole‐dominant polymers is created and used as the light emissive layer in light‐emitting diodes to achieve high luminous efficiency up to 22 cd A−1. The polymer blend F81−xSYx is based on poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (F8) and poly(para‐phenylene vinylene) derivative superyellow (SY). The blend system exhibits a preferential vertical concentration distribution. The resulting energy landscape modifies the overall charge transport behavior of the blend emissive layer. The large difference between the highest unoccupied molecular orbital levels of F8 (5.8 eV) and SY (5.3 eV) introduces hole traps at SY sites within the F8 polymer matrix. This slows down the hole mobility and facilitates a balance between the transport behavior of both the charge carriers. The balance due to such energy landscape facilitates efficient formation of excitons within the emission zone well away from the cathode and minimizes the surface quenching effects. By bringing the light‐emission zone in the middle of the F81−xSYx film, the bulk of the film is exploited for the light emission. Due to the charge trapping nature of SY molecules in F8 matrix and pushing the emission zone in the center, the radiative recombination rate also increases, resulting in excellent device performance.
Molecular Consideration for Small Molecular Acceptors Based on Ladder‐Type Dipyran: Influences of O‐Functionalization and π‐Bridges
Authors: Yang Lisi , Li Miao , Song Jinsheng , Zhou Yuanyuan , Bo Zhishan , Wang Hua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMolecular engineering of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) plays a vital role in the development of organic photovoltaics. Oxygen as an electron donating atom is incorporated into the NFA system as alkoxyl forms at central, terminal, or central conjugated moieties due to the tunability at structural conformation, solubility, electron donating ability, absorption, energy levels, etc. In this work, a novel dipyran‐based ladder‐type building block (Ph‐DTDP), which possesses two oxygen atoms in the conjugated skeleton, is designed and facilely synthesized. It is applied as the donor core for the acceptor–donor–acceptor‐type NFA design and such functionalized‐O efficiently enhances the electron donating ability, lowers the band gap, redshifts and extends the absorption spectra. In addition, the π‐bridge effects are considered as well. Photovoltaic performances are systematically investigated and a high power conversion efficiency of 9.21% can be afforded with an energy loss of 0.57 eV. Meanwhile, the morphologies as well as the carrier mobilities of the blend films are studied to assist further understanding of the structure–property relationships. Overall, the study in this work provides a new promising ladder‐type dipyran building block and brings in a novel way to use oxygen in NFA molecular structure design.
Rational Molecular Design for Deep‐Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters
Authors: Chan Chin‐Yiu , Cui Lin‐Song , Kim Jong Uk , Nakanotani Hajime , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBy simple modification of the functional groups on the donor unit, the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties of emitters can easily be manipulated. A series of deep blue to blue emissive TADF derivatives is developed, capable of deep‐blue emissions from 403 to 460 nm in toluene. Deep‐blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on this series of TADF emitters are fabricated, resulting in an electroluminescence peak at 428 nm and a high external quantum efficiency of up to 10.3%. One deep‐blue OLED has achieved the commission internationale de l'eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.156, 0.063), which is among the best reported TADF performances for deep‐blue OLEDs with CIEy < 0.07.