bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postponement of Preterm Birth with Salbutamol
Authors: TambyRaja R. L. , Prasad R. N. V. , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTSalbutamol was administered intravenously and orally to 58 patients who were admitted to the hospital because of premature labor. Pregnancy was postponed until at least 36 weeks' gestation in 34 of these patients. The success of this therapy was measured by a parameter of the prolongation index which was inversely related to the Bishop's score. This measurement was highest among patients in whom pregnancy was successfully prolonged.
Serum Estrone, Estradiol and Estriol Concentrations During Oral Hormone Therapy After Oophorectomy
Authors: Rauramo Lauri , Punnonen Reijo , Grönroos Matti 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTSerum estrone, estradiol and estriol concentrations during estradiolvalerate‐norgestrel therapy for women who have undergone oophorectomy were studied. The patients in one group received 1 mg of estradiolvalerate in the morning and 2 mg of estriolsuccinate in the evening. The estrone and estradiol concentrations of the first and fifth day were at roughly the same level and the treatment caused no estrogen cumulation. The estriol concentrations on the fifth day were distinctly higher than on the first, owing to the conversion of estrone and estradiol into estriol. The other group of women were placed on a regimen of 2 mg of estradiolvalerate plus 0.5 mg of norgestrel in the morning and 2 mg of estriolsuccinate in the evening. Here again, the estrone and estradiol concentrations on the first and fifth days were similar.
Cytohormonal Assessment of Ovarian Function Following Tubal Ligation
Authors: Khanna Sushila , Parthasaruthi Laxmi , Dube Shail , Gupta Saroj 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTOne hundred fifty postligation and 54 random cases matched for age and parity were studied. Vaginal cytologic samples and endometrial histologic samples were used for cytohormonal assessment of ovarian function. There was no indication of ovarian insufficiency following tubal ligation. The menstrual cycles were ovulatory. Menstrual disturbances were seen in 40.6% of the cases following tubal ligation. Cytohormonal comparison of these cases with that of dysfunctional uterine bleeding cases (who did not undergo tubal ligation) showed either similar or high maturation value. This may be due either to psychological stimulation or to low‐grade infection following tubal ligation. There was complete cytomorphologic correlation.
Gonadal Dysgenesis Variants in Sisters: a Hitherto Undescribed Combination
Authors: Purandare V. N. , Sathe A. V. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe term “gonadal dysgenesis” covers a wide spectrum. This case report concerns two sisters with secondary amenorrhea who underwent systematic investigations, including karyotype analysis, tests for serum gonadotropins and laparoscopic gonadal biopsy. The diagnosis in each revealed a combination hitherto undescribed.
Changes in Thyroid Function Tests During Phenobarbital Treatment in Late Pregnancy
Authors: Luoma P. V. , Heikkinen J. E. , Ylöstalo P. R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe effect of phenobarbital treatment in late pregnancy on thyroid function tests was investigated in 16 women. Ten women in late pregnancy served as controls. Phenobarbital treatment for two weeks was associated with a significant decrease in serum thyroxine (T4) level and in the free thyroxine index (T3U × T4) of 18% and 16%, respectively. These changes were associated with a significant increase in serum thyrotropin concentration of 15%. γ‐Glutamyl transpeptidase activity increased, and serum bilirubin concentration decreased during phenobarbital treatment. The changes in the thyroid function test might reflect the effect of phenobarbital on thyroid hormone metabolism. The changes may have diagnostic importance in borderline cases of thyroid disease.
Umbilical Blood Gas Analysis: II. Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Changes During Storage
Authors: Nhan Vu Quy , de Bruyn H. W. A. , Huisjes H. J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTEven when umbilical blood samples are kept on ice, their pH and blood gas values change during storage. The present study analyzes the effects of heparin and sodium fluoride (NaF) on these changes. At a concentration of 10 mg/ml, heparin significantly decreased all values; at a concentration of 5 mg/ml, it significantly decreased the pH and base excess values. Thus, the concentration of heparin used in microanalysis of blood should not exceed 2.5 mg/ml. NaF concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 mg/ml reduced the decrease in pH after six hours (but not significantly) without causing changes themselves; but their effects on blood gas values were variable. A NaF concentration of 0.1–0.2 mg/ml is adequate to limit changes in most values during the storage of umbilical blood samples on ice for at least six hours.
Immunoreactive Plasma Estrogens and Vaginal Hormone Cytology in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Benjamin Fred , Deutsch Stanley 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe vaginal hormone cytology and the serum estrogen levels (as determined by radioimmunoassay) of 39 postmenopausal patients were compared. All cytologic parameters showed high statistical correlations with radioimmunoassay values, but these general associations could not be applied to individual patients. A more detailed analysis showed that an atrophic smear (eg, karyopyknotic index [KI], <10%; parabasal level, >20%; maturation value [MV], <40%) indicate estrogen deficiency in the postmenopause. When the KI is 20%‐40%, the parabasal cells less than 20% or the MV 40%‐60%, the evaluation of estrogen status, on the basis of hormone cytology alone, is indeterminate. The three cytologic indices studied seem much more useful for detecting estrogen deficiency than estrogen excess in the postmenopause. The fact that immunochemical characteristics are not always related to biologic behavior must also be considered when interpreting these findings.
Pedicled Omental Graft in Repair of Large, Difficult Vesicovaginal Fistulae
Authors: Sharma S. K. , Bapna B. C. , Gupta C. L. , Rao K. M. K. , Reddy M. J. , Subudhi C. L. , Shrikhande V. V. , Rao M. S. , Vaidyanathan S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTLarge vesicovaginal fistulae, particularly those associated with urethral loss, present formidable repair problems. Omentum, recognized for its role in resolving abdominal infection, is successfully used for pedicle grafts in these complex situations. The authors present their experience in 25 cases, describing modifications of an earlier procedure.
Culdoscopy—Useful or Useless?
Authors: Lane Eduardo 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTWith the increased use of laparoscopy as a diagnostic method in gynecologic practice, the continued usefulness of culdoscopy has been questioned. The author presents his experience with 402 culdoscopies, listing indications, anesthesia used, results and complications. There was a 4.7% failure rate and a 1.7% complication rate. No permanent damage or death occurred.
Teratogenic Potential of Some Psychopharmacologic Drugs: A Brief Review
Authors: VanBlerk G. A. , Majerus T. C. , Myers R. A. M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe placenta has been considered a protective barrier between the mother and fetus. Because many drugs pass relatively freely between mother and fetus, the possible causal relationship between drug ingestion and the incidence of birth defects in humans demands critical examination. A brief review of background information about this interaction and an overview of the effects of commonly used drugs are presented.
Uterine Malignant Degeneration After Low‐Dose Endometrial Irradiation
Authors: Nikkanen Vesa , Salmi Tuula , Grönroos Matti 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of low‐dose intrauterine irradiation for benign diseases and its possible carcinogenic effect on the uterus was studied in 190 patients who were treated during the years 1952‐1974. The indications for irradiation were premenopausal functional bleeding, leukemia, hemophilia, fibroids, endometriosis or other benign reason. Radiation was also performed on patients with severe neurologic diseases that contraindicated surgery and on some mentally retarded patients whose restlessness and epileptic seizures were aggravated premenstrually and during menstruation. The mean follow‐up period was 15 years. Uterine bleeding recurred in 21% of the patients. No cases of uterine malignant degeneration were found.
The Use of the Laparoscope in Rural Thailand
Authors: Chaturachinda Kamheang 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA survey of the use of laparoscopy in rural Thailand was undertaken between June 1974 and December 1977. All the physicians were trained at either Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, or The Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics in the USA; about 30% and 46% of the physicians, respectively, were endoscopically inactive. The complication rate of rural laparoscopy was high and was inversely proportional to the degree of utilization. It is concluded that for a developing country with limited resources, laparoscopic sterilization in rural areas is not cost‐effective; a technique using simpler and hardier equipment should be chosen.
Responses of Bachman's sparrows and prairie warblers to fragmentation
Authors: Jones Clark D. , Stodola Kirk W. , Coombs Jason , Ward Michael P. , Cooper Robert J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFragmentation of a species’ habitat and the loss of habitat‐patch connectivity have been a major factor in the decline of many species. Increased risks (e.g., predation, parasitism) that threaten population persistence are associated with the loss and fragmentation of large blocks of contiguous habitat for a species. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savannas of the southeastern United States have experienced high rates of fragmentation and loss of connectivity. Consequently, they are home to many federally endangered and declining species across a wide variety of taxa. We examined the effects of fragmentation of pine savannas in southern Georgia for Bachman's sparrows (Peucaea aestivalis) and prairie warblers (Setophaga discolor) using translocation experiments and radio‐telemetry (Bachman's sparrows only). Bachman's sparrows, a pine savanna specialist, showed lower probability of return within 48 hours when confronted with pine savannas fragmented by open fields, whereas prairie warblers were less sensitive to this type of landscape. Results from radio‐telemetry indicated that Bachman's sparrows avoided open agricultural fields on their return paths and primarily used pine savanna edges instead. Efforts to reduce fragmentation of existing pine savannas in the Southeast will likely benefit vegetation specialists such as Bachman's sparrow but be of lesser benefit to vegetation generalists such as prairie warbler. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Efficacy of a long‐lasting bifenthrin‐treated net against horticultural pests and its compatibility with the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii and the parasitic wasp Eretmocerus mundus
Authors: Fernández Maria del Mar , Colomer Ignacio , Medina Pilar , Fereres Alberto , Del Estal Pedro , Viñuela Elisa 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsecticide‐treated nets (ITNs) have been investigated recently for their use in agriculture. Depending on the insecticide, the hole size and the way they are produced, these nets can target different pests and therefore they could be interesting options for use in integrated pest management (IPM). As the information on their compatibility with beneficial fauna is practically negligible, in this work we have tested the compatibility of an experimental bifenthrin long‐lasting insecticide‐treated net (LLITN) with Amblyseius swirskii and Eretmocerus mundus, important natural enemies of whiteflies and thrips, under laboratory, semi‐field and commercial greenhouse conditions.RESULTSIn the laboratory, the treated net was very deleterious to adults of both natural enemies, after 72 h exposure. However, in choice tests with Y‐tubes, both natural enemies were neither attracted nor repelled by the treated net and no short‐term mortality was detected in individuals that had crossed it. No deleterious effects on the E. mundus beneficial capacity were detected in semi‐field trials. In field trials, the LLITN proved to be compatible with A. swirskii while decreasing pest densities.CONCLUSIONSBifenthrin LLITN studied could be a valuable method for reducing pest population infestations in IPM programmes while being compatible with biocontrol agents. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Long-Term Outcomes in the Management of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Mai Lauren M. , Clark A. John , Gordon Allan S. , Lynch Mary E. , Morley-Forster Pat K. , Nathan Howard , Smyth Catherine , Stitt Larry W. , Toth Cory , Ware Mark A. , Moulin Dwight E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground: Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus. Current treatment recommendations are based on short-term trials, generally of ≤3 months’ duration. Limited data are available on the long-term outcomes of this chronic disease. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term clinical effectiveness of the management of chronic PDN at tertiary pain centres. Methods: From a prospective observational cohort study of patients with chronic neuropathic non-cancer pain recruited from seven Canadian tertiary pain centres, 60 patients diagnosed with PDN were identified for analysis. Data were collected according to Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials guidelines including the Brief Pain Inventory. Results: At 12-month follow-up, 37.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.0-53.3) of 43 patients with complete data achieved pain reduction of ≥30%, 51.2% (95% CI, 35.5-66.7) achieved functional improvement with a reduction of ≥1 on the Pain Interference Scale (0-10, Brief Pain Inventory) and 30.2% (95% CI, 17.2-46.1) had achieved both these measures. Symptom management included at least two medication classes in 55.3% and three medication classes in 25.5% (opioids, antidepressants, anticonvulsants). Conclusions: Almost one-third of patients being managed for PDN in a tertiary care setting achieve meaningful improvements in pain and function in the long term. Polypharmacy including analgesic antidepressants and anticonvulsants were the mainstays of effective symptom management.
The AKP between populism and neoliberalism: lessons from pharmaceutical policy
Authors: Dorlach Tim 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn September 2009, Turkey experienced a major reform of its pharmaceutical expenditure and price policy. By introducing a global budget, Turkey saved some 20 billion TL in public pharmaceutical expenditure in the 2010–2012 period. The lion’s share of this was achieved by introducing stricter price controls that reduced the profit margins of pharmaceutical producers and distributors (the populist policy solution), rather than by privatizing the cost of medicines through, for example, raising out-of-pocket payments (the neoliberal policy solution). This is a puzzle, given the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) government’s usual preference for lenient and business-friendly regulation. This article explains the policy reform with reference to (i) the pronounced electoral interests of the AKP’s political leadership in not substantially reducing access to public health services, (ii) the absence of powerful business interests in high medicine prices, and (iii) the absence of a developmentalist commitment to an industrial policy strategy for the pharmaceutical sector. This case study holds important lessons for scholars of Turkish politics. It suggests that externally the AKP’s economic and social policies are driven by the interests of its two major constituencies (namely, lower-class voters and “Anatolian capital”), while internally they are shaped by two camps of policy makers (namely, neoliberal-minded technocrats and election-focused party leaders).
Association between carbohydrate nutrition and prevalence of depressive symptoms in older adults
Authors: Gopinath Bamini , Flood Victoria M. , Burlutksy George , Louie Jimmy C. Y. , Mitchell Paul 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe aimed to examine the relationship between dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load of foods consumed, intakes of carbohydrates, sugars and fibre, and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in older adults. Data collected from 2334 participants aged 55+ years and 1952 participants aged 60+ years were analysed. Dietary information was collected using a semi-quantitative FFQ. Depressive symptoms were based on antidepressant use or either the 36-Item Short-Form Survey, which included the Mental Health Index (MHI), or the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-10 Scale. Participants in the highestv. lowest tertile of dietary GI intake had increased odds of depressive symptoms (assessed by the MHI scale), multivariable-adjusted OR 1·55 (95 % CI 1·12, 2·14). Participants in the highest compared with lowest tertile of fruit consumption had reduced odds of prevalent depressive symptoms, multivariable-adjusted OR 0·66 (95 % CI 0·46, 0·95). Total fibre, vegetable fibre and breads/cereal fibre intakes were all inversely associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms, with globalPvalues of 0·03, 0·01 and 0·03, respectively. Participants in the secondv. first tertile of vegetable consumption had 41 % reduced odds of prevalent depressive symptoms, multivariable-adjusted OR 0·59 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·88). We show that dietary GI and fibre intakes as well as consumption of fruits and vegetables are associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms.
‘Have you entered the storehouses of the snow?’ China as a norm entrepreneur in the Arctic
Authors: Lanteigne Marc 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe admission of China as an observer in the Arctic Council in 2013 was a significant step in the ongoing evolution of the country's Arctic policy, but Beijing is still concerned about being accepted as a regional player given its geography and arguably lack of an Arctic history. As the Arctic becomes more open to scientific and economic engagement, China wishes to develop the idea of the Arctic as more of an international space as opposed to strictly a regional one, and to allow non-Arctic states, such as China itself, to become accepted as Arctic actors. However, in order to avoid a backlash from the Arctic states and potential exclusion from the region's development, Beijing cannot effectively be a unilateral ‘norm-maker’ in the Arctic. Instead, China has sought to develop the identity of a regional ‘norm entrepreneur’, engaging the Arctic on many levels to promote the norm of partnerships between Arctic and non-Arctic actors to promote positive sum outcomes. Through engagement via several areas and governmental levels, Beijing hopes to succeed in being widely viewed as a ‘near-Arctic state’ which can contribute to new norms, and possibly new regimes, in an Arctic which shows many signs of becoming further internationalised.
Functional outcomes of child and adolescent mental disorders. Current disorder most important but psychiatric history matters as well
Authors: Ormel J. , Oerlemans A. M. , Raven D. , Laceulle O. M. , Hartman C. A. , Veenstra R. , Verhulst F. C. , Vollebergh W. , Rosmalen J. G. M. , Reijneveld S. A. , Oldehinkel A. J. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundVarious sources indicate that mental disorders are the leading contributor to the burden of disease among youth. An important determinant of functioning is current mental health status. This study investigated whether psychiatric history has additional predictive power when predicting individual differences in functional outcomes.MethodWe used data from the Dutch TRAILS study in which 1778 youths were followed from pre-adolescence into young adulthood (retention 80%). Of those, 1584 youths were successfully interviewed, at age 19, using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) to assess current and past CIDI-DSM-IV mental disorders. Four outcome domains were assessed at the same time: economic (e.g. academic achievement, social benefits, financial difficulties), social (early motherhood, interpersonal conflicts, antisocial behavior), psychological (e.g. suicidality, subjective well-being, loneliness), and health behavior (e.g. smoking, problematic alcohol, cannabis use).ResultsOut of the 19 outcomes, 14 were predicted by both current and past disorders, three only by past disorders (receiving social benefits, psychiatric hospitalization, adolescent motherhood), and two only by current disorder (absenteeism, obesity). Which type of disorders was most important depended on the outcome. Adjusted for current disorder, past internalizing disorders predicted in particular psychological outcomes while externalizing disorders predicted in particular health behavior outcomes. Economic and social outcomes were predicted by a history of co-morbidity of internalizing and externalizing disorder. The risk of problematic cannabis use and alcohol consumption dropped with a history of internalizing disorder.ConclusionTo understand current functioning, it is necessary to examine both current and past psychiatric status.
William E. Connolly's Politics of Complexity: A Critique
Authors: Fear Christopher 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn recent years, William E. Connolly has argued that the phenomenon of complexity in the physical sciences carries radical implications for political theory: namely, that political theorists should now be revising their concepts of agency, responsibility, and freedom. This very recent project of Connolly's has not (yet) attracted much opposition. Here I offer a critique of Connolly's argument which focuses on three key areas: (1) how he interprets and deploys “evidence” from physical science; (2) his theory of “creativefreedom”; and (3) the impact that his recent philosophy has on the idea of the intellect. I argue that Connolly's scientific evidence is not what he claims it is; that the theory of “creative freedom” he offers fails; and that his critique of the intellect fails in theory, and would be highly damaging in practice.