bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The performance monitoring system for a hydrostatic turntable: an improved intelligent algorithm based on the IPSO-NN model
Authors: Zhao Yongsheng , Luo Jiaqing , Li Ying , Zhang Caixia , Ma Honglie 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
The combination of improved PSO (IPSO) algorithm and artificial neural network (ANN) model for intelligent monitoring of the bearing performance of the hydrostatic turntable.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes an artificial neural network model based on IPSO algorithm for intelligent monitoring of hydrostatic turntables.

Findings
The theoretical model proposed in this paper improves the accuracy of the working performance of the static pressure turntable and provides a new direction for intelligent monitoring of the static pressure turntable. Therefore, the theoretical research in this paper is novel.

Originality/value
Theoretical novelties: an ANN model based on the IPSO algorithm is designed to monitor the load-bearing performance of a static pressure turntable intelligently; this study show that the convergence accuracy and convergence speed of the IPSO-NN model have been improved by 52.55% and 10%, respectively, compared to traditional training models; and the proposed model could be used to solve the multidimensional nonlinear problem in the intelligent monitoring of hydrostatic turntables.

Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-03-2024-0081/
Competitiveness of the South African citrus fruit industry in the global market and its macroeconomic determinants
Authors: Seleka Tebogo Bruce , Obi Ajuruchukwu , Motsatsi Johane Moilwa 
Published: September 2024

PurposeTo assess South Africa’s (SA’s) citrus export competitiveness in the global market and identify its macroeconomic drivers.Design/methodology/approachThe Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) index is employed to measure export competitiveness. An ARDL-EC model is then estimated to identify the macroeconomic determinants of SA’s citrus export competitiveness.FindingsSA’s citrus export competitiveness declined before the mid-1990s and rose thereafter. On balance, the country improved from the fourth to the second most competitive citrus exporter. A long-run relationship was established between the NRCA scores and the real exchange rate and real GDP per capita growth rate. The export price exerted a positive short-run influence on citrus export competitiveness. The rise in SA’s citrus export competitiveness since the mid-1990s was mainly driven by the rising citrus export price and real exchange rate depreciation.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research could explore the determinants of SA’s export competitiveness using panel gravity models of bilateral trade flows to isolate the impact of macroeconomic variables and trade restricting/enhancing policies of importing countries.Originality/valueThe article employs the NRCA index, which can measure comparative advantage across space and over time. It is the first to econometrically estimate the macroeconomic determinants of citrus export competitiveness in SA. Application of the ARDL-EC framework yields both short- and long-run effects of macroeconomic variables on export competitiveness.
Blockchain implementation for food safety in supply chain: A review
Authors: Sri Vigna Hema V. , Manickavasagan Annamalai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFood safety has emerged as the topmost priority in the current fast‐paced food industry era. According to the World Health Organization, around 600 million people, approximately 1 in 10 individuals worldwide, experience illness due to contaminated food consumption, resulting in nearly 0.42 million fatalities annually. The recent development in software and hardware sectors has created opportunities to improve the safety concerns in the food supply chain. The objective of this review is to explain the fundamentals of blockchain and its integration into the supply chain of various food commodities to enhance food safety. This paper presents the analysis of 31 conceptual works, 10 implementation works, 39 case studies, and other investigations in blockchain‐based food supply chain from a total of 80 published papers. In this paper, the significance of adapting conceptual ideas into practical applications for effectively tracing food commodities throughout the supply chain has been discussed. This paper also describes the transformative role of blockchain platforms in the food industry, providing a decentralized and transparent ledger to access real‐time and immutable records of a product's journey. In addition, both the positive impacts and challenges associated with implementing blockchain technology in the food supply chain have been evaluated. In summary, the blockchain‐based food supply chains offer greater transparency, traceability, and trust, ultimately resulting in higher standards of food safety and quality.
Competing ambitions regarding the global governance of artificial intelligence: China, the US, and the EU
Authors: Mokry Sabine , Gurol Julia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are developed and used across borders and have the potential to transform societies worldwide, global regulation thereof becomes necessary. However, key differences exist in how the leading players in the field, China, the United States, and the EU, view these technologies and approach their regulation. This article traces their respective ambitions on the global governance of AI technologies. It asks how the three each envision the latter as well as their role therein. Drawing on frame analysis, we find that while concrete ideas for coordinating regulation attempts seem to be of secondary importance, all three actors feel the need to position themselves within the new race for leadership on AI regulation. This results in a flurry of suggested proposals on how AI should be regulated internationally. Only recently have the actors started to reflect on why global regulation is necessary and to highlight the respective benefits of their proposal. Amidst current geopolitical tensions, the global regulation of AI has become an instrument of global power ambitions. Such competition bears huge risks for the further fragmentation of the global institutional architecture as well as for deepening tensions between China, the US, and the EU.
Vaginoscopy to investigate vaginal bleeding and discharge in prepubertal girls
Authors: Short Asha , Sit Andrea , Gerstl Brigitte , Mallinder Hayley , Deans Rebecca 
Published: September 2024

Study ObjectiveTo investigate the aetiology of vaginal bleeding and discharge in prepubescent girls, and the utility of vaginoscopy for making a diagnosis.DesignRetrospective observational study over 14 years.SettingTwo major tertiary referral paediatric hospitals in Sydney, Australia.ParticipantsAll prepubescent girls (n = 104) who presented with vaginal bleeding and/or discharge and subsequently underwent a vaginoscopy. A total of 120 procedures were performed.Main Outcome MeasuresSurgical findings at vaginoscopy; number needed to investigate (NNI) to establish a diagnosis and to exclude malignancy.ResultsThere were 52/120 (43.3%) vaginoscopies which provided a positive diagnosis, including 36/86 (41.8%) performed for bleeding and 16/34 (47.0%) for vaginal discharge. In the vaginal bleeding group, the causes found were a foreign body in 11/86 (12.7%), vulvovaginitis in 6/86 (6.9%), benign Mullerian papilloma in 5/86 (5.8%), trauma in 4/86 (4.6%), and malignant tumours in 2/86 (2.3%). To establish a diagnosis in girls presenting with vaginal bleeding, the NNI was 2.4; to detect a malignancy the NNI was 43.0. In girls presenting with vaginal discharge, vulvovaginitis was noted intraoperatively in 7/34 (20.6%) and a foreign body was found in 7/34 (20.6%). No malignant tumours were identified in the vaginal discharge group. To establish a diagnosis in girls presenting with vaginal discharge, the NNI was 2.1.ConclusionsVaginoscopy is an important diagnostic tool in the setting of vaginal bleeding in prepubescent girls, allowing the ability to confirm a diagnosis, and importantly, to exclude malignancy.
Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in sputum of intubated patients: Optimized intravenous delivery vs. inhaled therapy
Authors: Palmer Lucy B. , Monteforte Melinda , Smaldone Gerald C. 
Published: September 2024

AimsIntubated patients with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, fail optimized treatment with intravenous (IV) vancomycin (serum trough 15–20 μg/mL) in 38–79% of cases. Airway blood flow is diminished compared to alveoli and we hypothesized that vancomycin concentrations achieved in airway secretions are suboptimal and nonbactericidal. Targeted therapy by inhalation may overcome this deficit.MethodsAirway pharmacokinetics of optimized IV and inhaled vancomycin in infected clinically stable prolonged mechanically ventilated patients were measured. First, IV vancomycin was given until optimized concentrations were achieved (15–20 μg/mL), and, at the same time point, sputum vancomycin concentrations were measured. Then, sputum concentrations were re‐assessed after 4 treatments of inhaled vancomycin (120 mg/2 mL) via a previously characterized nebulizing system that deposited 18 ± 2 mg in the lungs. Vancomycin post‐distribution phase serum peak and trough concentrations were also obtained. Serum albumin was measured to assess binding to vancomycin.ResultsMean serum trough concentration was 18.4 ± 6.5 μg/mL. Sputum concentrations were affected by serum albumin. Only patients with severe hypoalbuminaemia had penetration of drug leading to therapeutic (15.7–17 μg/mL) sputum concentrations. Following inhaled vancomycin, sputum concentrations increased significantly to 199 ± 37.0 μg/mL (P = .002) exceeding minimum inhibitory concentration by 2 orders of magnitude.ConclusionDespite optimized serum concentrations, patients with albumin near normal had suboptimal concentrations of vancomycin in their sputum. Inhaled therapy may be clinically important for successful treatment of ventilator‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Further studies of inhaled therapy are needed to define their role as adjunctive therapy in ventilator‐associated pneumonia and as single therapy in tracheobronchitis.
Australasian Histories of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean World
Authors: Howitt Rohan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAustralia and New Zealand have deep historical connections—geological, environmental, cultural, political, and economic—with Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Yet while Australasia and the Southern Ocean are historically entangled, their historiographies are largely estranged. This article provides a survey of Australian and New Zealand histories of Antarctica, the subantarctic, and the Southern Ocean. I argue that historians in and of Australasia have contributed significantly to understandings of the region's southern hinterland, including the histories and legacies of Antarctic whaling, sealing, science, exploration, politics, and culture. These same connections and entanglements have rarely been used to shed light on Australian and New Zealand histories, but can offer new perspectives on Australasian histories of intercultural contact and exchange, mobilities, the frontier, imperialism, and internationalism. I argue that conceptualising Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica as littorals of a ‘terraqueous’ Southern Ocean World provides a way to both generate new insights into this region's history and draw new connections with global, world, and oceanic histories.
How pain and body representations transform each other: A narrative review
Authors: Beccherle Maddalena , Scandola Michele 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPain, as a multidimensional and subjective experience, intertwines with various aspects of body representation, involving sensory, affective and motivational components. This review explores the bidirectional relationship between pain and body representations, emphasizing the impact of the sense of ownership on pain perception, the transformative impact of pain on motor imagery, the effects associated with vicarious pain perception on body representations and the role of pain in the maintenance of body representations in specific clinical conditions. Literature indicates complex interactions between pain and body representations, with the sense of ownership inducing analgesic effects in some cases and hyperalgesia in others, contingent upon factors such as the appearance of the affected limb. Pain sensations inform the body on which actions might be executed without harm, and which are potentially dangerous. This information impacts on motor imagery too, showing reduced motor imagery and increased reaction times in tasks where motor imagery involves the painful body parts. Finally, contrary to the conventional view, according to which pain impairs body representation, evidence suggests that pain can serve as an informative somatosensory index, preserving or even enhancing the representation of the absent or affected body parts. This bidirectional relationship highlights the dynamic and multifaceted nature of the interplay between pain and body representations, offering insights into the adaptive nature of the central nervous system in response to perceived bodily states.
The “saint” of Livingstonia: Assembling, memorializing, and representation of missionary paraphernalia at the Stone House Museum in Malawi
Authors: Mtotha Comfort Tamanda 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article examines the Stone House Museum in Livingstonia, Malawi. The Museum is in a historic Stone House National Monument, a former residence of Reverend Robert Laws, one of the pioneer missionaries of the Livingstonia Mission. The article illustrates how objects, formerly relics of missionary heroism meant to inspire sacrifice and commitment, became “leftover” objects and were later re‐made into museum pieces in the 1970s. Through a haphazard process of professionalizing the Museum to attract new publics in the 1990s and early 2000s, these objects became alienating and disconnected when put behind glass. The Museum echoed the Victorian ethos of romanticizing and prioritizing missionaries' “heroic” efforts over the stories of local people and culture. The material objects of the local Malawian community in the Museum were essentially put into a timeless past, tribal representations, and merely cast as a complementary background to the missionaries' activities. This article relies on an ethnographic methodology of museum histories, analysis of exhibitions and engagements with the Museum's publics. It reveals that the collection and displays of the local community were assembled as an adjunct to missionary paraphernalia. The Museum, despite its claims to be aligned with the post‐colonial, kept its publics “out of history.”
Transition of care in adolescents with epidermolysis bullosa: The provider perspective
Authors: Perez Victoria A. , Mulinda Carly , Bruckner Anna L. , Diaz Lucia Z. , Hook Kristen P. , Lara‐Corrales Irene , Levy Moise L. , Price Harper N. , Morel Kimberly D. , Levin Laura E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe characteristics of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) demand higher than average provider support for transition from pediatric to adult care. We administered an online Qualtrics survey to members of the Epidermolysis Bullosa Clinical Research Consortium (EBCRC), a group of providers who care for patients with EB, in order to examine their practices and perspectives on transition of care (TOC) and identify barriers to successful implementation. Sixteen of eighteen medical centers completed the survey. Eighty‐eight percent of center representatives expressed concerns about their patients transitioning/transferring from the pediatric to adult‐centered care. Thirty‐eight percent of providers reported having a formal TOC program in place. Our findings support the desire for formal TOC programs, the need for a team‐based approach and, in particular, identification of adult providers to participate in the transition to improve this often challenging time.
How many is too many? A review of the significant numbers in pediatric skin lesions and their recommended evaluation
Authors: Mulinda Carly , Yun Sonora , Fenner Justine , Garzon Maria C. , Scollan Margaret E. , Levin Laura E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPediatric dermatologists are frequently consulted to evaluate children for cutaneous signs of systemic disorders. Numerical thresholds of significance have been described in the dermatologic literature for various skin findings where the likelihood of an associated extracutaneous abnormality or known genetic syndrome increases significantly. Knowledge of these numerical thresholds facilitates diagnosis and management, which improves clinical outcomes and avoids severe complications. This review highlights the clinical presentation, complications, evaluation, and numerical significance, when applicable, for the following skin findings: infantile hemangiomas, capillary malformations, café‐au‐lait macules, hypopigmented macules, juvenile xanthogranulomas, pilomatricomas, and angiofibromas.
Microbiota‐immune‐brain interactions: A new vision in the understanding of periodontal health and disease
Authors: Breivik Torbjørn Jarle , Gjermo Per , Gundersen Yngvar , Opstad Per Kristian , Murison Robert , Hugoson Anders , von Hörsten Stephan , Fristad Inge 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis review highlights the significance of interactions between the microbiota, immune system, nervous and hormonal systems, and the brain on periodontal health and disease. Microorganisms in the microbiota, immune cells, and neurons communicate via homeostatic nervous and hormonal systems, regulating vital body functions. By modulating pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory adaptive immune responses, these systems control the composition and number of microorganisms in the microbiota. The strength of these brain‐controlled responses is genetically determined but is sensitive to early childhood stressors, which can permanently alter their responsiveness via epigenetic mechanisms, and to adult stressors, causing temporary changes. Clinical evidence and research with humans and animal models indicate that factors linked to severe periodontitis enhance the responsiveness of these homeostatic systems, leading to persistent hyperactivation. This weakens the immune defense against invasive symbiotic microorganisms (pathobionts) while strengthening the defense against non‐invasive symbionts at the gingival margin. The result is an increased gingival tissue load of pathobionts, including Gram‐negative bacteria, followed by an excessive innate immune response, which prevents infection but simultaneously destroys gingival and periodontal tissues. Thus, the balance between pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory adaptive immunity is crucial in controlling the microbiota, and the responsiveness of brain‐controlled homeostatic systems determines periodontal health.
Joint kinematic responses of Olympic medallist skiers to repeated slalom runs
Authors: Alhammoud Marine , Trama Robin , Hautier Christophe André , Girard Olivier , Racinais Sébastien , Hansen Clint , Meyer Frédéric , Farooq Abdulaziz , Coint Jérémy , Trameau Thibaut , Brun Loïc , Morel Baptiste 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis case study aims to examine changes in the lower limb joint kinematic profile and performance stability induced by repeated ski runs in two world‐class alpine skiers. Two Olympic medallist alpine skiers were tested during their slalom training, with continuous recording of right knee and hip angles, along with turn time and run time. The eight runs of the training session were analysed with linear mixed models. Results showed no effect of runs repetition on performance (i.e., run and turn time; P ≥ 0.279). There was no global effect of runs repetition on minimal and maximal angles for either the knee or the hip (P > 0.151). There was an interaction between run and leg for the maximal angle of both the knee and hip (P ≤ 0.047), which increased across runs for the outside leg and decreased for the inside leg. The maximal angular velocity for both the knee and hip increased with runs repetition in extension (P ≤ 0.028). There were no overall changes in maximal angular velocity in flexion with runs repetition (P ≥ 0.264), but there was an interaction between run and leg for the knee (P < 0.001) due to faster eccentric velocities across runs for the outside leg and slower velocities for the inside leg. In conclusion, the observed joint kinematic alterations without concomitant performance impairment support the concept of multiple movement strategies in athletes to achieve similar performance, especially under fatigue conditions.
Optimizing 3D Laser Foil Printing Parameters for AA 6061: Numerical and Experimental Analysis
Authors: Lin Yi-Cheng , Raza M. Mohsin , Hung Chia-Hung , Wang Yu-Xiang , Lo Yu-Lung 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study utilizes a technology known as 3D laser foil printing (LFP) to create precise structures by layering metal foils using laser welding. Metal foils have the advantages of rapid cooling and efficient heat conduction, allowing for the formation of fine-grained structures. However, when dealing with materials like aluminum alloys in laser processes, defects can arise as a result of their high reflectivity. To address this challenge, laser circular oscillation welding (LCOW) is applied to the LFP process. LCOW's circular motions with higher scanning frequencies widen the keyholes and reduce some defects such as spattering, bubble formation, and microcracks. Simulation predictions with an error margin of approximately 10% in comparison to experimental results demonstrate the reliability of the model. Furthermore, the study integrates circular packing design with artificial neural networks to create comprehensive processing maps tailored to different criteria for extracting optimal welding parameters. As a result, for the optimized processing parameters screened using the above systematic process, no cracks were observed on the upper surface of the 3D LFP parts produced with a laser power of 800 W and a scanning speed of 550 mm/s, and only 0.12% porosity was observed from the cross section of the sample. Future research will focus on incorporating simulation results to model microstructures more precisely and continually refining LCOW parameters as new materials and technologies emerge, ensuring the ongoing enhancement of weld quality in the 3D LFP process.