bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS OF FLAVONES FROM 2-HYDROXY ACETOPHENONE AND AROMATIC ALDEHYDE DERIVATIVES BY CONVENTIONAL METHODS AND GREEN CHEMISTRY APPROACH
Authors: Patel Samir , Shah Umang Harishchandra 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Flavones occupy a special place in the realm of natural and synthetic organic chemistry owing to their diversified biological activities. In this study, a series of chalcone derivatives were synthesized and after cyclization of chalcone to synthesized various substituted flavone derivatives (2A-2L). 2 Methods: The reaction of 2-hydroxy acetophenone with substituted aromatic aldehydes produced chalcone by trituration (NaOH) and conventional methods (KOH/EtOH), which upon further cyclization with dimethyl sulfoxide/I resulted to form flavone derivatives.Results: The purity of compounds was ascertained by melting point and thin-layer chromatography. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by mass, infrared, and1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis.Conclusion: Based on spectral data, it was proved that all synthesized chalcones and flavones derivatives meet the standard values of various spectral techniques and further it will be evaluated for pharmacological activities.Keywords: Chalcone, Flavone, Trituration, Conventional, Claisen-Schmidt condensation.
MOYA MOYA DISEASE- A REVIEW
Authors: Aishwarya Kollu Vnr , Kv Ratnam 
Published: April 2017

Moya moya syndrome is a specific chronic cerebrovascular occlusive disease first reported by Japanese surgeons in 1957. The disease moya moya, which is a Japanese mimetic word, gets its characteristic name due to the appearance of puff of smoke on relevant angiographs resultant from the tangle of tiny vessels in response to stenosis. This makes the blood to leak out of the arteries, causing pressure to the brain. It may cause ischemic attacks or cerebal infarction, which is more frequent in children than in adults. The highest peak is in childhood at less than 10 years of age. The disease causes constrictions primarily in the internal carotid artery, and often extends to the middle and anterior cerebral arteries, branches of the internal carotid artery inside the skull. When the internal carotid artery becomes completely blocked, the fine collateral circulation that it supplies is obliterated. The clinical features are strokes, recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), sensorimotor paralysis (numbness and paralysis of the extremities), convulsions and/or migraine -like headaches. Moreover, following a stroke, secondary bleeding may occur. Such bleeding, called hemorrhagic strokes.Treatment with perivascular sympathectomy and superior cervical ganglionectomy. Etiology of the disease is still unknown; however, multifactorial inheritance is considered possible because of a higher incidence of the disease in Japanese and Koreans and approximately 10% of familial occurrence among the Japanese. Recent genetic studies suggest some responsible genetic foci in chromosomes 3, 6 and 17.Keywords: Moyamoya disease, Intracranial hemorrhage, Proteomics, Stenosis.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLE FROM PASSIFLORA FOETIDA LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Renganathan S , Fatma Samar , P Kalainila 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Development of green nanotechnology is generating interest of researchers toward eco-friendly biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). Inthis study, biosynthesis of stable copper (Cu) NPs was done using Ocimum sanctum leaf extract.Materials and Methods: First, we prepared leaf extract of Passiflora foetida in deionized water. This extract added to 20 mMol of Cu sulfate solution, and we observed the change in color of the solution from colorless to colored solution; this indicates that there is a formation of CuNPs.Results: These biosynthesized CuNPs were characterized with the help of ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The spectroscopic analysis of synthesized CuNPs showed the maximum absorbance at 350 nm indicating the presence of biosynthesized CuNPs in the reaction mixture.Conclusion: It was observed that the P. foetida leaf extract can reduce Cu ions into CuNPs within 8-10 minutes of reaction time. Thus, this method canbe used for rapid and eco-friendly biosynthesis of stable CuNPs.Keywords: Copper nanoparticles, Passiflora foetida, Copper sulfate, Biosynthesis.
ANALYSIS OF FORBIDDEN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUINDS IN ANTIRHEUMATIC JAMU
Authors: Mustarichie Resmi , Ramdhani Danni , Indriyati Wiwiek 
Published: April 2017

Objective:To determine forbidden (by law) pharmaceutical compounds in antirheumatic jamu.)Methods: Analysis of forbidden pharmaceutical ingredients into jamu was carried out by using the color reaction, thin layer chromatography and densitometry. Color reactions included organoleptic, solubility test and the color reaction, TLC using a stationary phase of silica gel GF 254 and a mobile phase of chloroform; acetone (80:20) was then measured with a densitometer.Results: Found from 7 herbal anti-rheumatic known in the market, three of which were synthetic compounds containing paracetamol and dexamethasone additions on one of them. Conclusion: There was a synthetic drug that was added to the herbal medicine namely jamu sold in the community The obtained results suggest that the authorities more intensively to monitor the manufacture and distribution of jamu and herbal medicines Keywords: AntirheumaticJamu, herbal medicine, TLC, Densitometer, paracetamol, dexamethasone
MEASUREMENT OF ANTERIOR PELVIC TILT IN LOW BACK PAIN- AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Malarvizhi Devadhason , Varma Sai Kishore , Vpr Sivakumar 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to measure the anterior pelvic tilt for both males and females of low back pain patients. STUDY DESIGN: Observational type. PROCEDURE: 120 subjects were approached. In that 70 male and 50 females . Using i@handy application in mobile anterior pelvic tilt was calculated among low back pain patients.RESULTS: Anterior pelvic tilt was increased in low back pain patients . In that correlation between males and Visual analogue scale was not significant. But there was a significant correlation found in female anterior pelvic tilt and Visual analogue scale.CONCLUSION: This study concluded that there was increase in anterior pelvic tilt among low back pain patients. Anterior pelvic tilt and Visual analogue scale was highly correlated in females not in males.KEYWORDS: i@handy, Anterior pelvic tilt, low back pain.
NEUROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA LEAVES IN DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Srivastva Nidhi , Gupta Naveen Kumar , Puri Sanjeev , Puri Veena 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Azadirachta indica is a treasure of multiple pharmacological properties and presently leaves of this plant have been explored to evaluate the neuroprotective potential in diabetic rats.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with single intra peritoneal dose of streptozotocin (60mg/ Kg body weight (BW.) to develop animal model of diabetes. Post twenty one days of streptozotocin induction, animals were treated with aqueous Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract (ALE, 600mg/Kg BW.) for seven consecutive days. Followed this, all animals were evaluated for the levels of blood glucose, lipid peroxidation (LPO), C Reactive Proteins (CRP), pro oxidant biomarkers and histological changes.Results: Streptozotocin treated rats exhibited elevated levels of blood glucose, LPO, CRP and altered pro oxidant biomarkers in comparison to control rats. Additionally, histological alterations/damage was evidenced as fragmentation, vacuolization, inflammation etc. However, ALE treatment to these rats significantly decreased blood glucose levels, LPO, CRP levels and restored pro-oxidants status. Light microscopic and ultra microscopic analysis also indicated less damage, tissue architectural changes in comparison to untreated diabetic rats. Further decrease in hyperalgesia and inflammation levels; along with protective and restorative changes following ALE treatment suggested the neuroprotective potential of Azadirachta indica leaves in diabetic rats.Conclusion: The oral administration of ALE to streptozotocin induced diabetic animals resulted in neuro-protection against degenerative oxidative stress associated with metabolic and histopathological damage in the brain.Key words: Azadirachta indica, Antioxidants, Hyperalgesia, Neuroprotection
PHARMACISTS' PERCEPTION ABOUT THEIR ROLES IN TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAM IN MEDAN, INDONESIA
Authors: B Khairunnisa , Nasution Azizah 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: to assess the pharmacists' perception about their roles in tuberculosis (TB) control program in Medan, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the pharmacists' perception about their roles in TB control program in Medan, Indonesia using a validated questionnaire. The pharmacists involved in this study (n=117) were asked to choose answering yes, no or do not know for their perception on their roles in TB control program. The collected data consisted of demographics (gender, age, place of practice, and working experience) and the pharmacists’ perception on their roles in TB control program were organized and analyzed by applying descriptive and Chi-square analyses using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 19, Chicago, IL, USA) (p value <0.05 was considered significant). Results: Mean age of the participants was 38.6 (standard deviation=11.7) years. Most of them (76.1%) were female. Distribution of the participants by place of practice: pharmacy, 78.6%; hospital, 20.5%. Most of them (63.2%) have heard about directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) program. More than 90% of them realized that they could play their roles as providers, managers of anti-TB drugs, drug informans, ensurers for adherence to the TB treatment, educators for patients and publics on TB and its treatment. Only 26.5% of them knew that they could also play their role as inventors of early suspected TB in the community.Conclusion: The study proved that the pharmacists’ roles could be utilized and enhanced to optimize TB control programs in Indonesia.Keywords: Pharmacists’ role, Tuberculosis, DOTS Program
Knowledge of Hand Hygiene Practices among Healthcare workers in Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care hospital of Odisha
Authors: Choudhury Jasashree , Mahapatra Anuspandana 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of hand hygiene of healthcare workers in the neonatal and paediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital.Methods : Study was conducted to assess the knowledge of hand hygiene for the five moments of hand hygiene of WHO. Healthcare workers were given a questionnaire during routine patient care on random basis and the data was collected. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 13.Results : A total of 50 health care workers were questioned during the observation period. Answers differed by role: nurses (25) and doctors (10).15 nurses have no knowledge of moments of hand hygiene and were excluded from study. Nurses were more likely to use soap and water compared to waterless-alcohol-based hand hygiene practices. Doctors were most likely to use alcoholic hand rub.Conclusion : Though knowledge of hand hygiene practice is high ,use of alcohol-based disinfectant was found to be very low compared to soap and water. Keywords: Hand hygiene, Health care, Soap and water, Alcohol hand rub.
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENT ANTIMICROBIAL SECONDARY METABOLITE GENERATED FROM ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM JAMBLANG PLANT ( Eugenia cumini L)
Authors: Kumala Shirly , Aprilia Ng Vini , Simanjuntak Partomuan 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Colletotrichium capsici endophytic fungi isolated from Jamblang plant (Eugenia cumini L). The secondary metabolites of this plant has the potent antibacterial efficacy as well as diarrheal and anti-diabetic. This research focussed on isolation of the endophytic microbes from branches of Jamblang plants and their secondary metabolites.Methods: Isolation of endophytes were performed in PDA(potato dextrose agar) using direct seed plant. Endophytic fungi isolates with strongest antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli were fermented in Potato Dextrose Yeast (PDY) to produce large scale of the metabolites. Supernatant was extracted with ethyl acetate solvent. Ethyl acetate extract fractionated by column chromatography (SiO3, n-hexane- ethyl acetate = 50:1 ~ 1:1) and obtained three fractions. Further, agar diffusion method was performed to assess their anti-microbial activity.Results: Antibacterial test results indicated that fraction III had the antibacterial activity Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameter of 10.7 mm but no observed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Furthermore, identification by GC-MS showed that compounds present in fraction III was mainly fatty acid and phenolic compounds.Conclusion: In conclusion, secondary metabolites isolated from Jamblang plants branches contained predominantly fatty acid and phenol related compounds that could be responsible for its potent anti microbial activity. Keywords : Endophytic fungi, Jamblang (Eugenia cumini L.), antimicrobial activity
EXTRACTION OF FLAVONOID FROM VARIOUS PARTS OF COUROUPITAGUIANENSIS AND ITS EFFICACY AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: S Hemalatha , Akther Tahira , Khan Mohd Shahanbaj 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Quantitative, qualitative, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of flavonoids content from different parts of Couroupita guianensis and antibacterial activity against various pathogenic bacteria.Methods: Different parts of C. guianensis such as leaves, stem bark, flower anther, flower petals, fruit rind, and fruit pulp were collected and used for extraction of active constituents. The phytochemical analysis was conducted to identify the presence of flavonoids in different plant parts. The amount of flavonoids were analyzed by quantitative analysis. Furthermore, HPLC analysis was performed to isolate and identify the flavonoids from the different parts. The methanol extract of different plant parts was also used to test the antibacterial efficacy in different human bacterial pathogens.Results: Flavonoids demonstrate a wide range of biochemical and pharmacological effects. In this study, we identified the flavonoids content in different parts of C. guianensis. The HPLC analysis has significantly proved the presence of flavonoids in different plants parts and amount of flavonoids differs in different parts of the plant. The results also showed the significant efficacy of its extract to the different pathogenic bacterial strains.Conclusion: Our study suggested that C. guianensis is a richer source of flavonoids and due to a higher amount of flavonoids; it may have enormous potential to scavenge the free radicals, oxidative damage of cell during different stresses including bacterial infections. We also suggested that HPLC analysis is efficient method to isolate and identify the different compounds and study can further extend to identify and isolate the different novel compounds from C. guianensis.Keywords: Couroupita guianensis, High performance liquid chromatography, Flavonoids, Antibacterial activity.
DOES HYPERCHOLESTOLEMIA PREDISPOSE TO ROTATOR CUFF PATHOLOGIES?
Authors: Kamath Surendra Umesh , Murthy Sunil 
Published: April 2017

Background: Rotator cuff tear are one of most common orthopedic musculoskeletal problem gaining importance due to large health scale expenditure. Causes of rotator cuff tears are multifactorial and unclear. Previous studies have suggested relation between elevated serum lipid profile and rotator cuff tear in western population. We therefore undertook study in our Indian population to correlate association of hypercholesterolemia with rotator cuff tear.Objective: To find association of rotator cuff pathology with hypercholesterolemia in Indian patients.Materials and methods: After obtaining clearance from institutional ethics committee. We prospectively collected fasting lipid samples of population who came to our hospitals with complaints of shoulder pain during our study period. 50 patients had rupture of rotator cuff which was confirmed by ultrasound of involved shoulder. 50 were seen for non-cuff related complaints. We followed strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Total cholesterol, Triglycerides and low density lipoprotein concentration of patients with rotator cuff tendon tear were on higher side than control group. High density lipoprotein trend showed being lower than control group. 21 of 50 (42%) had high cholesterol (total cholesterol greater than 240mg/dl) than compared to 18 of 50 (36%) in control group. however P value=0.539 and showed no statistical significance between groups.Conclusion: In Indian population there was no correlation between hypercholesterolemia and rotator cuff tear which is statistically significant.Key words Rotator cuff tear, Hypercholesterolemia, Indian population.
SURVEILLANCE OF MICROBIAL FLORA FOR INFERTILITY COUPLES IN AN INDIAN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Sahu Mahesh Chandra , Mishra Sujata Priyadarsini , Panda Ratna , Patnaik Tapan 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Infertility has been known to cause serious social and emotional problems in India. Microorganisms may be a primary cause for thisinfertility. This study was carried out to know the prevalence of microorganisms in the infertility couples of a tertiary caring teaching hospital.Methods: One thousands of couples were screened for the infertility test presented at the outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.The suspected infertility couples were tested for microbial contamination in their reproductive sample. Simultaneously, the demographic data of allpatients were documented, and all the data were analyzed with SPSS 20 software.Result: From one thousand couples, 288 couples were found infertility symptoms, whereas 67.71% were primary infertility problems and rest weresecondary. It is due to male factor (27.08%), female factor (50%), and both (4.86%) but 18.05 were unexplained. From vaginal swabs, 186 and semen145 microbial colony were grown. However, Chi-square (χ) showed that there is no significant difference between the growth of microbial colony from semen or vaginal swap as p=0.06. Eight varieties of bacteria (387) and Candida albicans (37) were documented. 2Conclusion: With respect to older ages of the infertile couples, it is more chances to infections. Antibiotic should be prescribed to primary infertilitycouples and infections can be avoided the cross transmission during intercourse.Keywords: Primary infertility, Candida, Semen, Antibiotic, Vaginal swab.
CONSTITUENT AND ANTIHYPERURICEMIC ACTIVITY OF STELECHOCARPUS BURAHOL LEAVES SUBFRACTIONS
Authors: Sunarni Titik , Fidrianny Irda , Iwo Maria Immaculata , Wirasutisna Komar Ruslan 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: The goal of this research was to evaluate antihyperuricemic activity of Stelechocarpus burahol leaves subfractions and isolate its chemical constituent of active subfraction.Methods: Ethyl acetate fraction from S. burahol extract was subfractionated by vacuum liquid chromatography and the active subfractions were further subfractionated by classic column chromatography using isocratic eluent followed by isolated the chemical constituent from active subfraction. Hyperuricemic rat model was induced by given potassium oxonate intraperitoneally. The inhibitory effect of subfractions on the xanthine oxidase (XO) activity was determined using UV-visible spectrophotometry method.Results: Subfraction E.3, E.4 and E.5 significantly (p<0.05) reduced the serum uric acid level 43, 46 and 33,9%, respectively. The E.3, E.4 and E.5 have very weak activity. Subfraction E.3.2 and E.4.3 significantly (p<0.05) reduced the serum uric acid level 29 and 38 % respectively, however still very weak effect on XO activity. Chemical constituent which was isolated from E.4.3 subfraction was kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside.Conclusion: The subfractions of ethyl acetate fraction had antihyperuricemic activity in vivo but less effect on XO acitivity in vitro. Compound R in active antihyperuricemic of subfraction E.4.3 was kaempferol-3-O-rhamnosideKeyword: Stelechocarpus burahol, subfraction, antihyperuricemic, xanthin oxidase inhibitory activity, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside.
EVALUATION OF PHARMACOECONOMIC DIRECT COST IN DIABETES PATIENTS
Authors: Konuru Venkateswarlu , Sangam Kamala , Mohammed Anifa , Kanneganti Swathi 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major cause of disability, morbidity and mortality Worldwide. The objective of this study is to evaluate the Pharmacoeconomic direct health care cost in type II Diabetes with complications and Diabetes alone: A cost of illness study. Methods: A Prospective observational study was conducted for one year at the Care diabetes Center; Warangal. The enrolled patients were followed and the information collected contains: total direct costs, which include direct medical costs and direct nonmedical cost. The data observed was analyzed for the average cost incurred in treating the diabetic patient. Results: The total average costs per diabetic patient without complications was Rs. 8695.7±1341, this includes the average direct medical cost Rs. 6366.50± 561.12, the average lab cost Rs. 1368.84±64.8, the average direct non Medical Cost was Rs. 960.36±14.04 compared to those with DM complications,the total average cost was Rs. 12960.73±549.96 for macro vascular complications, Rs. 11039.11±265.36 for micro vascular complications. To treat Diabetes with comorbidities which include both micro and macro complications the total average cost was Rs. 16658.13±1393.44, the average direct medical cost was Rs. 14071.77±2884.68, the average lab cost Rs. 1628.04±51, the average direct non Medical Cost was Rs.958.32±13.08. The costs were found to increase progressively with the increase in the number of complications. Costs also differed significantly across the types of complications. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the cost of Diabetes with complications resulted about 2 times higher than compared to Diabetes alone.Key words: Cost analysis; diabetes; economics; health care; direct medical cost; non medical cost
Los defectos observables y la garantía de buen funcionamiento en la compraventa
Authors: Oviedo Albán Jorge 
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo analiza dos mecanismos legales de protección alcomprador contenidos en el Código de Comercio colombiano, paralelos a lasacciones edilicias por vicios ocultos en la compraventa, que son: la garantíapor defectos observables a la entrega y la garantía de buen funcionamiento.El autor examina la forma deficiente como tales acciones se encuentran enel Código, lo que es consecuencia de un régimen fragmentado y disperso deactuaciones por cumplimientos defectuosos en las legislaciones de derechoprivado. Propone una reinterpretación de tales actos desde la perspectiva dela falta de conformidad que se basan en un sistema unificado de remediospor incumplimiento, conceptos consagrados en los instrumentos modernos dederecho contractual. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/16578953.180