bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinico‐etiologic profile of hand dermatitis and patch response of patients at a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria: results of a prospective observational study
Authors: Otrofanowei Erere , Ayanlowo Olusola O. , Akinkugbe Ayesha , Oresanya Felix A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundHand dermatitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the skin of the hands from a multifactorial cause which may be endogenous, exogenous, or a combination of both. With a wide range in severity and recurrent periods of flares, it has significant impact on the quality of life of its sufferers. A history of atopy predisposes patients to hand dermatitis, but contact dermatitis, either allergic or irritant, is the more commonly implicated factor in the etiology of hand dermatitis. Patch testing is an important tool in identifying the allergen responsible for allergic hand dermatitis, and this knowledge will contribute to improved management.Aim and ObjectivesThis study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and etiologic profile and review the patch responses of patients who presented with hand dermatitis at a foremost tertiary skin clinic in the most populous state of the most populous country in Africa.MethodsA prospective, observational study in which consecutive walk‐in patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Ethical clearance was obtained. Study tools included self‐administered questionnaires, physical examination, and patch tests (European Hermal series), amongst others. The patch tests were carried out. Results were documented, and treatment was individualized based on clinical and investigation findings. The results were collated and analyzed with SPSS® 17.0 edition (SPSS II).ResultsHand dermatitis was seen in 177 (13.3%) patients who presented during the study period. The mean age was 34.6 + 17.4 years. Almost two‐thirds of patients (119; 67.2%) had chronic hand dermatitis, while 53 (32.8%) presented acutely. Patch responses were positive in 65 (36.7%) patients with paraphenylenediamine identified as the most frequent cause. Respondents had at least one (+) response to 20 of the 28 allergens, while there was no response to eight of the allergens in the European series.ConclusionThe study reveals that hand dermatitis is present in a younger age group and a variety of subtypes coexist. Locally sourced allergens are needed to improve the yield of patch responses.
The early repigmentation pattern of vitiligo is related to the source of melanocytes and by the choice of therapy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Ke , Xiong Xixi , Pallavi Gorkhali , Ling Yuting , Ding Fei , Duan Weiwei , Sun Weiling , Ding Gaozhong , Gong Qingli , Zhu Wenyuan , Lu Yan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with vitiligo present with different repigmentation patterns in the early recovery stage.ObjectivesTo analyze the relationships between early repigmentation patterns in vitiliginous patches, their clinical characteristics, and therapeutic choices.MethodsPatients with vitiligo seen in the Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2010 to 2015, were included, and their clinical records, especially photographs and medical treatments, were reviewed.ResultsOne hundred and sixteen patients were included in this study, and 326 lesions with different degrees of depigmentation, locations, stages, distributions, therapies, and repigmentation patterns were included and analyzed. Perifollicular repigmentation occurred more frequently in lesions with complete depigmentation (P = 0.005), in non‐sun exposed areas (P < 0.001), a stable stage (P = 0.008), and lesions treated with narrow band ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) (P < 0.001, despite lesion distributions). Marginal repigmentation is more frequent in lesions with complete depigmentation (P = 0.016), lesions treated without NB‐UVB (P = 0.002), and facial lesions treated with topical vitamin D analogs (TVDAs) monotherapy (P = 0.022). Diffuse repigmentation is the predominant pattern in lesions with incomplete depigmentation (P < 0.001), in sun‐exposed areas (P < 0.001), progressive stage (P = 0.044), and truncal lesions treated with TVDAs (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe different repigmentation patterns of vitiligo lesions depend on the different source and status of melanocytes and their abilities to produce melanin on the choice of therapy.
Ethical responsibilities of pharmacists when selling complementary medicines: a systematic review
Authors: Salman Popattia Amber , Winch Sarah , La Caze Adam 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe widespread sale of complementary medicines in community pharmacy raises important questions regarding the responsibilities of pharmacists when selling complementary medicines. This study reviews the academic literature that explores a pharmacist’s responsibilities when selling complementary medicines.MethodsInternational Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Embase, PubMed, Cinahl, PsycINFO and Philosopher’s index databases were searched for articles written in English and published between 1995 and 2017. Empirical studies discussing pharmacists’ practices or perceptions, consumers’ expectations and normative studies discussing ethical perspectives or proposing ethical frameworks related to pharmacists’ responsibilities in selling complementary medicines were included in the review.Key findingsFifty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies discussing the responsibilities of pharmacists selling complementary medicines had an empirical focus. Pharmacists and consumers identified counselling and ensuring safe use of complementary medicines as the primary responsibilities of pharmacists. No formal ethical framework is explicitly employed to describe the responsibilities of pharmacists selling complementary medicines. To the degree any ethical framework is employed, a number of papers implicitly rely on principlism. The studies discussing the ethical perspectives of selling complementary medicines mainly describe the ethical conflict between a pharmacist’s business and health professional role. No attempt is made to provide guidance on appropriate ways to resolve the conflict.ConclusionThere is a lack of explicit normative advice in the existing literature regarding the responsibilities of pharmacists selling complementary medicines. This review identifies the need to develop a detailed practice-specific ethical framework to guide pharmacists regarding their responsibilities when selling complementary medicines.
Bibliometric analysis of literature in pharmacy education: 2000–2016
Authors: Sweileh Waleed M , Al-Jabi Samah W , Zyoud Sa’ed H , Sawalha Ansam F 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Improving pharmacy education requires continuous research to optimize education and consequently pharmacy practice. The goal of this study is to assess national and international contributions to pharmacy education research and present results in comparative bibliometric format.

Methods
Search strategy based on journal name and specific keywords pertaining to pharmacy education were used to retrieve the worldwide literature in pharmacy education using Scopus database during the period from 2000 to 2016. Bibliometric indicators were presented as top 10 list of countries, institutions and authors. VOSviewer was used to visualize international collaboration, while ArcMap10.1 software was used for geographical mapping of publications.

Key findings
A total of 5363 documents, mostly as research articles (4027; 75.1%), were retrieved. A noticeable increase in publications was seen from 2007 to 2011. The USA contributed to more than half (53.6%) of worldwide research output. Saudi Arabia had the highest percentage of international authors representing international collaboration. There was an increase in multi-authored publications with time. The American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (AJPE) ranked first (2822, 52.6%) while the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) had the largest research output with 141 (2.6%) publications. The vast majority of highly cited articles were published in AJPE, and highly cited topics included the use of social media in pharmacy education and the multi-professional learning experience.

Conclusion
Pharmacy education research is gaining momentum and is addressing various fields in education. Research in pharmacy education should be encouraged, particularly in developing countries, where education and practice are still lagging behind.
An underutilised resource for Antimicrobial Stewardship: a ‘snapshot’ of the community pharmacists’ role in delayed or ‘wait and see’ antibiotic prescribing
Authors: Avent Minyon L , Fejzic Jasmina , van Driel Mieke L 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Various strategies have been implemented in primary care to address the inappropriate use of antibiotics, with varying degrees of success. One such intervention is delayed or ‘wait and see’ prescribing, where the prescriber indicates to wait a few days before dispensing the antibiotic. The aim of this study was to explore community pharmacists’ perceptions and practice experiences with delayed antibiotic prescribing.

Methods
An online survey was advertised in two professional pharmacy organisations’ e-newsletters for community and internship pharmacists in Queensland, Australia, from January to April 2016.

Key findings
We received 120 responses. 103 (86%) worked in a community pharmacy. Sixty per cent of the respondents would not dispense the delayed antibiotic prescription if a patient presented to the pharmacy within 24 h of seeing a doctor. Instead, they would advise the patient to wait and fill the prescription if they are not improving.

Conclusion
The concept of delayed or a ‘wait and see’ antibiotic prescription was well received by the participating community pharmacists. These healthcare professionals are well placed to be effective stewards of antibiotics and can play an important role in collaboration with other healthcare professionals to optimise the quality use of antibiotics in primary care.
Explaining differing perceptions of employees’ skill needs: the case of garment workers in Ethiopia
Authors: Yamada Shoko , Otchia Christian S. , Taniguchi Kyoko 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Ethiopian economy has grown significantly and the government has prioritized industrial skills development and expanded technical and vocational education and training (TVET). However, mismatches between the skills available and the skills required are widespread and the unemployment rate for TVET graduates is high. Little scholarly effort has been made to empirically identify the exact types and domains of skills in which these supply–demand mismatches happen. The present study relies on interviews with 30 vocational trainers, 19 employees, 13 factory managers and 3 garment industry experts. To measure the perception gaps between the supply and demand sides of worker skills and explain why mismatches occur, we conducted an assessment in which assessors from among the factory managers and vocational trainers along with the three industry experts concurrently graded the garment‐manufacturing vocational skills of the same workers. For this purpose, we developed a unique instrument that captures the knowledge and skills of workers in real work environments. The analysis reveals that TVET trainers expect students to have comprehensive skills and grade the skills of workers more generously, whereas factory managers expect not variety but quality, and score workers’ performance more critically. Differences in the educational backgrounds and practical experience of assessors contribute to these gaps. The evidence from this study suggests that the vocational skills assessment instrument we have developed for our research is valid and can serve as a basis for future large‐scale performance assessments.
BCG vaccination drives accumulation and effector function of innate lymphoid cells in murine lungs
Authors: Steigler Pia , Daniels Naomi J , McCulloch Tim R , Ryder Brin M , Sandford Sarah K , Kirman Joanna R 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe tuberculosis (TB) vaccine bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) prevents disseminated childhood TB; however, it fails to protect against the more prevalent pulmonary TB. Limited understanding of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB, has hindered development of improved vaccines. Although memory CD4 T cells are considered the main mediators of protection against TB, recent studies suggest there are other key subsets that contribute to antimycobacterial immunity. To that end, innate cells may be involved in the protective response. In this study, we investigated the primary response of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) to BCG exposure. Using a murine model, we showed that ILCs increased in number in the lungs and lymph nodes in response to BCG vaccination. Additionally, there was significant production of the antimycobacterial cytokine IFN‐γ by ILCs. As ILCs are located at mucosal sites, it was investigated whether mucosal vaccination (intranasal) stimulated an enhanced response compared to the traditional vaccination approach (intradermal or subcutaneous). Indeed, in response to intranasal vaccination, the number of ILCs, and IFN‐γ production in NK cells and ILC1s in the lungs and lymph nodes, were higher than that provoked through intradermal or subcutaneous vaccination. This work provides the first evidence that BCG vaccination activates ILCs, paving the way for future research to elucidate the protective potential of ILCs against mycobacterial infection. Additionally, the finding that lung ILCs respond rigorously to mucosal vaccination may have implications for the delivery of novel TB vaccines.
Drug‐induced liver injury is frequently associated with severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions: experience from two Australian tertiary hospitals
Authors: Fang Wendy C. , Adler Nikki R. , Graudins Linda V. , Goldblatt Caitlin , Goh Michelle S. Y. , Roberts Stuart K. , Trubiano Jason A. , Aung Ar Kar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI) can be associated with certain cutaneous adverse drug reaction (cADR).AimsTo demonstrate the prevalence of DILI in patients with cADRs. Severity and patterns of liver injury, risk factors, causal medications and outcomes are also examined.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients with cADRs was conducted across two hospitals in Australia. Patients were identified through cross‐linkage of multiple databases.ResultsOne hundred and four patients with cADRs were identified. Of these, 33 (31.7%) had liver injury, representing 50% of patients with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, and 30.2% of patients with Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Most cases of liver injury (69.7%) were of a cholestatic/mixed pattern with severe disease in 18.2%. No significant risk factors for development of liver injury were noted, but peripheral lymphocytosis may represent a risk in patients with SJS (odds ratio, OR = 6.0, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.8–19.7, P = 0.003). Antimicrobials were the most common class to be implicated in DILI. The median length of inpatient stay was longer in patients with liver injury compared to those without (19 vs 11 days, P = 0.002). The mortality rate in those with liver injury was 15.2% and 9.9% in those without. No patients required liver transplantation.ConclusionsDILI commonly occurs in patients with cADRs and is associated with longer inpatient stay. Patients with SJS/TEN and peripheral lymphocytosis appear to be at higher risk for developing associated liver injury.
The Best of Times, the Worst of Times: Testing which Behavioral Biases Affect Analyst Forecasts
Authors: Chang Yuk Ying , Hsu Wei‐Huei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMood‐induced optimism, cognitive inaccuracy, and distraction can affect analyst forecasts. This study compares and contrasts these influences. The novelty of our approach is that we first show that these behavioral biases have different implications for analysts’ forecast errors conditioned on the errors being positive and negative. We then use proxies for positive and negative moods to empirically test the support for each of these biases. Consistent with cognitive precision, we find that analysts make less (more) accurate forecasts when they are in positive (negative) moods. We further show that these results are driven neither by sentiment associated with contemporaneous economic or market conditions nor by under‐ or overreaction to more bad news released on days immediately before weekends or holidays.
Cybersecurity investments with nonlinear budget constraints and conservation laws: variational equilibrium, marginal expected utilities, and Lagrange multipliers
Authors: Colajanni Gabriella , Daniele Patrizia , Giuffrè Sofia , Nagurney Anna 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new cybersecurity investment supply chain game theory model, assuming that the demands for the product are known and fixed and, hence, the conservation law of each demand market is fulfilled. The model is a generalized Nash equilibrium model with nonlinear budget constraints for which we define the variational equilibrium, which provides us with a variational inequality formulation. We construct an equivalent formulation, enabling the analysis of the influence of the conservation laws and the importance of the associated Lagrange multipliers. We find that the marginal expected transaction utility of each retailer depends on this Lagrange multiplier and its sign. Finally, numerical examples with reported equilibrium product flows, cybersecurity investment levels, and Lagrange multipliers, along with individual firm vulnerability and network vulnerability, illustrate the obtained results.
Exogenous application of allelopathic water extracts helps improving tolerance against terminal heat and drought stresses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell.)
Authors: Farooq M. , Nadeem F. , Arfat M. Y. , Nabeel M. , Musadaq S. , Cheema S. A. , Nawaz A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe allelopathic water extracts (AWEs) may help improve the tolerance of crop plants against abiotic stresses owing to the presence of the secondary metabolites (i.e., allelochemicals). We conducted four independent experiments to evaluate the influence of exogenous application of AWEs (applied through seed priming or foliage spray) in improving the terminal heat and drought tolerance in bread wheat. In all the experiments, two wheat cultivars, viz. Mairaj‐2008 (drought and heat tolerant) and Faisalabad‐2008 (drought and heat sensitive), were raised in pots. Both wheat cultivars were raised under ambient conditions in the wire house till leaf boot stage (booting) by maintaining the pots at 75% water‐holding capacity (WHC). Then, managed drought and heat stresses were imposed by maintaining the pots at 35% WHC, or shifting the pots inside the glass canopies (at 75% WHC), at booting, anthesis and the grain filling stages. Drought stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 39%–49%. Foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield of wheat by 26%–31%, while seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 18%–26%, respectively, than drought stress. Terminal heat stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 38%. Seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 21%–27%; while foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield by 25%–29% than the heat stress treatment. In conclusion, the exogenous application of AWEs improved the stay green, accumulation of proline, soluble phenolics and glycine betaine, which helped to stabilize the biological membranes and improved the tolerance against terminal drought and heat stresses.
Automated birdsong recognition in complex acoustic environments: a review
Authors: Priyadarshani Nirosha , Marsland Stephen , Castro Isabel 
Published: January 2018

Conservationists are increasingly using autonomous acoustic recorders to determine the presence/absence and the abundance of bird species. Unlike humans, these recorders can be left in the field for extensive periods of time in any habitat. Although data acquisition is automated, manual processing of recordings is labour intensive, tedious, and prone to bias due to observer variations. Hence automated birdsong recognition is an efficient alternative.However, only few ecologists and conservationists utilise the existing birdsong recognisers to process unattended field recordings because the software calibration time is exceptionally high and requires considerable knowledge in signal processing and underlying systems, making the tools less user‐friendly. Even allowing for these difficulties, getting accurate results is exceedingly hard. In this review we examine the state‐of‐the‐art, summarising and discussing the methods currently available for each of the essential parts of a birdsong recogniser, and also available software. The key reasons behind poor automated recognition are that field recordings are very noisy, calls from birds that are a long way from the recorder can be faint or corrupted, and there are overlapping calls from many different birds. In addition, there can be large numbers of different species calling in one recording, and therefore the method has to scale to large numbers of species, or at least avoid misclassifying another species as one of particular interest. We found that these areas of importance, particularly the question of noise reduction, are amongst the least researched. In cases where accurate recognition of individual species is essential, such as in conservation work, we suggest that specialised (species‐specific) methods of passive acoustic monitoring are required. We also believe that it is important that comparable measures, and datasets, are used to enable methods to be compared.
Thromboembolic prophylaxis protocol with warfarin after radiofrequency catheter ablation of infarct‐related ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Siontis Konstantinos C. , Jamé Sina , Sharaf Dabbagh Ghaith , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Jongnarangsin Krit , Morady Fred , Bogun Frank M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionAblation in the left ventricle (LV) is associated with a risk of thromboembolism. There are limited data on the use of specific thromboembolic prophylaxis strategies postablation. We aimed to evaluate a thromboembolic prophylaxis protocol after ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation.Methods and resultsThe index procedures of 217 patients undergoing ablation for infarct‐related VT with open irrigated‐tip catheters were included. Patients with large LV endocardial ablation area (>3 cm between ablation lesions) were started on low‐dose, slowly escalating unfractionated heparin (UFH) infusion 8 hours after access hemostasis, followed by 3 months of anticoagulation. Patients with less extensive ablation were treated only with antiplatelet agents postablation. Postablation bridging anticoagulation was used in 181 (83%) patients. Of them, 11 (6%) patients experienced bleeding events (1 required endovascular intervention) and 1 (0.6%) experienced lower extremity arterial embolism requiring vascular surgery. Systemic anticoagulation was prescribed in 190 (89%) of 214 patients discharged from the hospital (warfarin in 98%), while the rest received single‐ or dual‐antiplatelet therapy alone. Patients treated with an anticoagulant had significantly longer radiofrequency time compared to patients treated with antiplatelet agents only. One (0.5%) of the patients treated with oral anticoagulation experienced major bleeding 2 weeks postablation. No thromboembolic events were documented in either the anticoagulation or the “antiplatelet only” group postdischarge.ConclusionA slowly escalating bridging regimen of UFH, followed by 3 months of oral anticoagulation, is associated with low thromboembolic and bleeding risks after infarct‐related VT ablation. In the absence of extensive ablation, antiplatelet therapy alone is reasonable.