bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fitness‐to‐drive agreements after stroke: medical versus practical recommendations
Authors: Ranchet M. , Akinwuntan A. E. , Tant M. , Salch A. , Neal E. , Devos H. 
Published: May 2016

Background and purposePhysicians often struggle to screen out patients who are no longer fit to drive after stroke. The agreement between the recommendations of physicians and on‐road assessors with regard to fitness to drive after stroke was investigated.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 735 patients with stroke underwent medical, visual and road tests at an official fitness‐to‐drive center of the Belgian Road Safety Institute. Physicians provided medical fitness‐to‐drive recommendations using one of three categories (favorable, reserved or unfavorable). On‐road assessors used the same three categories to make practical fitness‐to‐drive recommendations. Agreement between the medical and practical fitness‐to‐drive recommendations was calculated using the percentage of agreement and prevalence and bias adjusted kappa (PABAK). Area under the curve (AUC) was used to predict the medical and practical recommendations after stepwise logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe percentage of agreement was 73% and the PABAK was 0.60 (P < 0.0001). Physicians disagreed on 92% of patients classified as unfavorable and 80% of those classified as reserved by the on‐road assessor. Previous visits to the driving center and number of comorbidities predicted medical fitness‐to‐drive recommendations (AUC = 0.68). Age, previous visits to the center, binocular acuity and driving experience constituted the best model to predict practical fitness‐to‐drive recommendations (AUC = 0.70).ConclusionsAlthough there was a moderate agreement between the medical and practical fitness‐to‐drive recommendations, physicians were less likely to screen out those patients who may pose an actual risk on the road. Demographic, clinical and driving factors differently affected the medical and practical fitness‐to‐drive recommendations.
Where people look for online health information
Authors: LaValley Susan A. , Kiviniemi Marc T. , Gage‐Bouchard Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo identify health‐related websites Americans are using, demographic characteristics associated with certain website type and how website type shapes users’ online information seeking experiences.MethodsData from the Health Information National Trends Survey 4 Cycle 1 were used. User‐identified websites were categorised into four types: government sponsored, commercially based, academically affiliated and search engines. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between users’ sociodemographic characteristics and website type, and associations between website type and information search experience.ResultsRespondents reported using: commercial websites (71.8%), followed by a search engines (11.6%), academically affiliated sites (11.1%) and government‐sponsored websites (5.5%). Older age was associated with the use of academic websites (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02, 1.04); younger age with commercial website use (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95, 0.98). Search engine use predicted increased levels of frustration, effort and concern over website information quality, while commercial website use predicted decreased levels of these same measures.DiscussionHealth information seekers experience varying levels of frustration, effort and concern related to their online searching.ConclusionThere is a need for continued efforts by librarians and health care professionals to train seekers of online health information to select websites using established guidelines and quality criteria.
A noninvasive model to predict liver histology in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B with alanine aminotransferase ≤ 2upper limit of normal
Authors: Gao Shuai , Li Xin‐You , Fan Yu‐Chen , Sun Feng‐Kai , Han Li‐Yan , Li Feng , Ji Xiang‐Fen , Wang Kai 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground and AimLiver biopsy remains the gold standard to evaluate liver histology. However, it has several limitations. This study aims to construct a noninvasive model to predict liver histology for commencing antiviral therapy in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 2 upper limit of normal (ULN).MethodsTwo hundred and ninety‐eight patients with HBeAg‐positive CHB, ALT ≤ 2ULN and HBV‐DNA ≥20 000 IU/ml were enrolled and randomly divided into a training group and a validation group. A noninvasive model was constructed in the training group to predict significant liver histological change [necroinflammatory activity grade (G) ≥ 2 or fibrosis stage (S) ≥ 2] and then validated in the validation group.ResultsAspartate aminotransferase, HBsAg, platelet, and albumin were identified as independent predictors. A model was constructed by them. It had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.875 in the training group, 0.858 in the validation group and 0.868 in the entire cohort. Using a cut‐off point of −0.96, it showed 93% sensitivity, 90% negative predictive value (NPV) in the training group and 95% sensitivity, 94% NPV in the validation group. Using a cut‐off point of 0.96, it showed 95% specificity, 91% positive predictive value (PPV) in the training group and 89% specificity, 80% PPV in the validation group.ConclusionsThis study constructed a noninvasive model to predict liver histology in HBeAg‐positive CHB with ALT ≤ 2ULN, which might reduce the clinical need for liver biopsy.
Hanging Out With the Right Crowd: Peer Influence on Risk‐Taking Behavior in Adolescence
Authors: Van Hoorn Jorien , Crone Eveline A. , Van Leijenhorst Linda 
Published: May 2016

Peer influence plays a key role in the increase of risk‐taking behavior during adolescence. However, its underlying processes are not fully understood. This study examined the effects of social norms, conveyed through peer advice, on risk‐taking behavior in 15‐ to 17‐year‐old adolescents (N = 76). Participants played a card‐guessing task alone and with online peer advice. Results showed that risk‐taking increased in the presence of peers. The results further showed that adolescents took into account the uncertainty associated with gambles, as well as the social norms conveyed by peers. Our findings suggest that peers are most influential in uncertain situations and demonstrate the value of a social norms approach in examining the processes underlying peer effects.
Breaking the Cycle of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Infected Fields through the Cultivation of Annual Crops and Disease Control in Adjacent Fields
Authors: Rutikanga Alexandre , Sivirihauma Charles , Ocimati Walter , Night Gertrude , Murekezi Charles , Ndungo Vigheri , Mugiraneza Thierry , Rurangwa Eduard , Blomme Guy 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCultivation of non‐host crops after uprooting Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm)‐infected banana plants has been advocated for breaking Xanthomonas wilt disease (XW) cycle in fields. Knowledge on the interaction of these crops with Xcm is limited. Maize, beans and sweet potato were planted after uprooting Xcm‐infected banana plants in Rwanda and eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). A weed fallow (mixed species) served as the control. After one, two and/or four break‐crop or fallow seasons, healthy plantlets were replanted and monitored for XW for 12–24 months. XW status in adjacent fields was monitored, and diseased stems within 100–300 m radius of the two‐ and four‐season experiments were uprooted. In Rwanda, soil and plant parts from the one‐season experiments were sampled for Xcm isolation and Xcm‐like colonies confirmed with Xcm‐specific primers using PCR. Pathogenicity tests were performed to confirm the ability of the PCR‐positive isolates to infect healthy banana plantlets. XW was observed in all the one‐season experiments, with higher cumulative incidences in maize and bean plots. However, no similar trends were observed in the two‐season experiments, with a 6–8% incidence observed only in bean and potato plots in DR Congo. Lengthening time under break crops to two and four seasons, respectively, reduced the incidence to 3% and zero in Rwanda and 0–8% in the two‐season experiments in DR Congo. Incidence in the first‐season experiments highly correlated (R = 88) to that in the adjacent fields, suggesting possible re‐infections from these fields. Two season with break crop plus collective XW control are recommended in these agro‐ecosystems. PCR‐positive Xcm‐like colonies from break crops only induced localized cell death on banana, while PCR‐positive isolates from symptomatic banana plants caused full XW symptoms. Cross‐infection/inoculation studies under controlled conditions are still needed to conclusively elucidate Xcm interaction with these crops.
Survey of hepatitis B knowledge and stigma among chronically infected patients and uninfected persons in Beijing, China
Authors: Huang Jiaxin , Guan Mary L. , Balch Jeremy , Wu Elizabeth , Rao Huiying , Lin Andy , Wei Lai , Lok Anna S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection carries substantial stigma in China. We surveyed HBV knowledge and stigma among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and persons without HBV infection in Beijing, China.MethodsFour hundred and thirty five CHB patients and 801 controls at Peking University People's Hospital were surveyed.ResultsChronic hepatitis B patients were older (mean 46 vs. 39 years) and more often men (71 vs. 48%) than controls. Mean knowledge score was 11.9/15 for CHB and 9.3/15 for control patients (P < 0.001). Average stigma score was 22.1/39 for CHB and 19.2/30 for control patients. Controls expressed discomfort with close contact (45%) or sharing meals with CHB patients (39%) and believed CHB patients should not be allowed to work in restaurants (58%) or childcare (44%). Chronic hepatitis B patients felt that they were undesirable as spouses (33 vs. 17%) and brought trouble to their families (58 vs. 34%) more often than controls. Despite legal prohibitions, 40% of CHB patients were required to undergo pre‐employment HBV testing, and 29% of these individuals thought that they lost job opportunities because of their disease status. 16% of CHB patients regretted disclosing their HBV status and disclosure was inversely associated with stigma. Higher stigma was associated with older age, lower education and lower knowledge score among controls; and with lower education, younger age, having undergone pre‐employment HBV testing and regret disclosing their HBV status among CHB patients.ConclusionDespite high prevalence of CHB in China, our study shows knowledge is limited and there is significant societal and internalized stigma associated with HBV infection.
U-series and 40Ar/39Ar ages of Holocene volcanic rocks at Changbaishan volcano, China
Authors: Ramos Frank C. , Heizler M.T. , Buettner J.E. , Gill J.B. , Wei H.Q. , Dimond C.A. , Scott S.R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Accurately dating Holocene volcanic rocks poses many challenges but is critical to assessing magmatic evolution and hazard risks at highly active volcanoes. Here we use Ra/Th and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology to date very young eruptions at Changbaishan volcano, northeastern China, a recently active stratovolcano responsible for one of the most voluminous eruptions in the past ∼2000 yr. For Holocene eruptions, 40Ar/39Ar ages are consistently older than those of both independently determined ages and maximum Ra/Th ages. Overall, Ra/Th ages are most consistent with historical accounts and indicate inaccurate 40Ar/39Ar ages that are due to extraneous argon in various forms. Ra/Th geochronology also confirms the highly active nature of Changbaishan and supports the continued presence of trachytic magma residing under the volcano that appeared more than ∼1100 yr ago.
Developing a psychiatrist–patient relationship when both people are doctors: a qualitative study
Authors: Stanton Josephine , Randal Patte 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo better understand the complexities of developing an effective psychiatrist–patient relationship when both people involved are doctors.MethodIn-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 doctors with experiences as patients of psychiatrists (DPs) and eight psychiatrists with experience of treating doctors (TPs). A thematic analysis was undertaken.ResultsThe medical culture of unrealistically high standards with limited room for vulnerability and fallibility, vigilance for judgment and valuing clinical over personal knowledge affected both people in the relationship. DPs struggled with the contradictions involved in entering the patient role but tried hard to be good patients. They wanted guidance but found it hard to accept and seldom communicated dissatisfaction or disagreement to their TPs. They described widely varying responses to diagnosis and treatment within the biomedical model. TPs described enjoyment and satisfaction and extreme challenge in engaging with TPs. Despite focusing on providing ordinary care they described providing extra care in many ways.ConclusionsThis study brings forward important issues when a psychiatrist is building a therapeutic relationship with another doctor. These are also likely to arise with other people and contribute to making truly patient-centred ‘ordinary care’ a hard ideal to fulfil. They include: (1) doctors' sense of ourselves as invincible, (2) TPs' sense of personal connection to, and identity with, DPs, (3) having extensive medical knowledge and (4) striving to be good patients. We need to make these issues explicit and enable the DP (or other patients) to tell their story and speak about their experience of the consultation so that any potential rupture in the therapeutic relationship can be addressed early.
Liquid culture production of microsclerotia of Purpureocillium lilacinum for use as bionematicide
Authors: Song Zhangyong , Shen Ling , Zhong Qiang , Yin Youping , Wang Zhongkang 
Published: May 2016

The production of microsclerotia by Purpureocillium lilacinum in liquid culture for use as a biocontrol agent for management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, has not been described. To investigate the potential for microsclerotia production, P. lilacinum strain CQPL01 was cultured in liquid media containing various concentrations of ferrous sulphate. Under these conditions mycelia began to form microsclerotia. The maximum yield (11.8 × 104 microsclerotia ml−1) was obtained in medium containing 0.2 g l−1 ferrous sulphate and the greatest production of conidia (1.3 × 108 conidia g−1) was obtained by the culture of air-dried microsclerotia in aqueous agar medium. Subsequently, the viability of microsclerotia, including stress resistance, storage stability and pathogenicity against M. incognita, was investigated. The microsclerotia exhibited excellent nematophagous ability and greater thermotolerance and UV-B radiation tolerance compared to conidia. These results suggested that microsclerotia propagules might be superior to the use of conidia in P. lilacinum biocontrol products.
Determination of receptor occupancy in the presence of mass dose: [11C]GSK189254 PET imaging of histamine H3 receptor occupancy by PF-03654746
Authors: Gallezot Jean-Dominique , Planeta Beata , Nabulsi Nabeel , Palumbo Donna , Li Xiaoxi , Liu Jing , Rowinski Carolyn , Chidsey Kristin , Labaree David , Ropchan Jim , Lin Shu-Fei , Sawant-Basak Aarti , McCarthy Timothy J , Schmidt Anne W , Huang Yiyun , Carson Richard E 
Published: May 2016

Measurements of drug occupancies using positron emission tomography (PET) can be biased if the radioligand concentration exceeds “tracer” levels. Negative bias would also arise in successive PET scans if clearance of the radioligand is slow, resulting in a carryover effect. We developed a method to (1) estimate the in vivo dissociation constant Kd of a radioligand from PET studies displaying a non-tracer carryover (NTCO) effect and (2) correct the NTCO bias in occupancy studies taking into account the plasma concentration of the radioligand and its in vivo Kd. This method was applied in a study of healthy human subjects with the histamine H3 receptor radioligand [11C]GSK189254 to measure the PK-occupancy relationship of the H3 antagonist PF-03654746. From three test/retest studies, [11C]GSK189254 Kd was estimated to be 9.5 ± 5.9 pM. Oral administration of 0.1 to 4 mg of PF-03654746 resulted in occupancy estimates of 71%–97% and 30%–93% at 3 and 24 h post-drug, respectively. NTCO correction adjusted the occupancy estimates by 0%–15%. Analysis of the relationship between corrected occupancies and PF-03654746 plasma levels indicated that PF-03654746 can fully occupy H3 binding sites ( ROmax = 100%), and its IC50 was estimated to be 0.144 ± 0.010 ng/mL. The uncorrected IC50 was 26% higher.
Structural Abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: van der Heijden Rianne A. , de Kanter Janneke L.M. , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M.A. , Verhaar Jan A.N. , van Veldhoven Peter L.J. , Krestin Gabriel P. , Oei Edwin H.G. , van Middelkoop Marienke 
Published: May 2016

Background: Structural abnormalities of the patellofemoral joint might play a role in the pathogenesis of patellofemoral pain (PFP), a common knee problem among young and physically active individuals. No previous study has investigated if PFP is associated with structural abnormalities of the patellofemoral joint using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Purpose: To investigate the presence of structural abnormalities of the patellofemoral joint on high-resolution MRI in patients with PFP compared with healthy control subjects. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients with PFP and healthy control subjects between 14 and 40 years of age underwent high-resolution 3-T MRI. All images were scored using the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Osteoarthritis Knee Score with the addition of specific patellofemoral features. Associations between PFP and the presence of structural abnormalities were analyzed using logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), sex, and sports participation. Results: A total of 64 patients and 70 control subjects were included in the study. Mean ± SD age was 23.2 ± 6.4 years, mean BMI ± SD was 22.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2, and 56.7% were female. Full-thickness cartilage loss was not present. Minor patellar cartilage defects, patellar bone marrow lesions, and high signal intensity of the Hoffa fat pad were frequently seen in both patients (23%, 53%, and 58%, respectively) and control subjects (21%, 51%, and 51%, respectively). After adjustment for age, BMI, sex, and sports participation, none of the structural abnormalities were statistically significantly associated with PFP. Conclusion: Structural abnormalities of the patellofemoral joint have been hypothesized as a factor in the pathogenesis of PFP, but the study findings suggest that structural abnormalities of the patellofemoral joint on MRI are not associated with PFP.
Rationalizing the use of auxiliary label for oral oncology drugs
Authors: Ng Tonya , Badry Nadine , de Lemos Mário L 
Published: May 2016

Objective The objective of this study is to develop a systematic approach to standardize the use of auxiliary labels for oral oncology drugs. Design The project was multi-phased: environmental scan of auxiliary labels used at six BC Cancer Agency centre pharmacies, develop guidelines to support auxiliary labels standardization, develop inclusion criteria for common warnings and standardize warnings based on guiding principles and evidence (Canadian Compendium of Pharmaceutical Specialties, BC Cancer Agency Cancer Drug Manual, British National Formulary, literature). Results Consistent auxiliary labels use was rare (7% of drugs). No explicit methodology for determining previous auxiliary labels use was identified. Guiding principles developed include auxiliary labels supplement counselling and drug-specific patient handouts; a maximum of four auxiliary labels (limited container size and alert fatigue); identify hazardous drugs with auxiliary labels; auxiliary labels not intended for universal warnings (e.g., keep out of reach of children); warnings prioritized by impact on storage, efficacy (e.g., administration instructions), toxicity (including interactions) and other clinical issues. Inclusion criteria were developed for warnings on pregnancy, crushing/chewing, taking with plenty of water, drowsiness/dizziness, alcohol, grapefruit juice, hazardous and sunlight exposure. First list of standardized auxiliary labels was completed in June 2014. Conclusion A systematic approach was developed to determine and prioritize auxiliary labels for oral oncology drugs. This has led to a standardized and more accurate labelling throughout the six BC Cancer Agency centres’ pharmacies.
Levetiracetam for the prevention of busulfan-induced seizures in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients
Authors: Floeter Abby E , McCune Jeannine S 
Published: May 2016

Objective The objective of this study was to compare clinical outcomes in children undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation who received levetiracetam versus those who received phenytoin for the prevention of busulfan-induced seizures. Methods This study was an IRB-approved, single-center, retrospective analysis of pediatric patients receiving intravenous busulfan for hematopoietic cell transplantation conditioning from January 2009 to July 2014. The primary study endpoint was the incidence of seizure during busulfan administration (day −8 to 0). Key transplant related-outcomes were also collected, including the incidence of graft rejection, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, relapse, and death. Results A total of 20 patients met criteria for inclusion in the study. The population was heterogeneous with regard to the indication for hematopoietic cell transplantation, donor type, stem cell source, and conditioning regimen. Nine patients (45%) received levetiracetam and 11 (55%) received phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis. No seizures or graft rejections were observed in the study population. One relapse, one case of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, and two deaths occurred in the levetiracetam group, while no relapses, two cases of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, and one death occurred in the phenytoin group. Conclusion These data suggest similar safety and effectiveness between levetiracetam and phenytoin for the prevention of busulfan-induced seizures in a small, heterogeneous pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation population.