bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRDS‐based measurement of CO/CO2 concentration ratios for assessing transformer insulation aging
Authors: Wu Yuxiang , Ma Tiehua , Zhou Yueting , Gong Ting , Tian Yali , Sun Xiaocong , Guo Guqing , Qiu Xuanbing , Li Chuanliang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA gas analyzer has been developed using cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) technology, designed to simultaneously measure the concentrations of CO2 and CO. These gases are critical indicators of transformer insulation degradation. The analyzer covers a CO2 concentration range from a few ppm to several thousand ppm and can measure CO/CO2 concentration ratios from 0.076 to 0.8. The selected absorption lines for CO and CO2 are centered at 6337.99 and 6338.59 cm−1, respectively. The two candidate lines are proximate to each other and nonoverlapping. The experimental results indicate that the system accurately fits the measured and calculated signals, enabling concentration measurements at the ppm level. This confirms its ability to measure the gas concentrations and ratios critical for assessing the condition of transformer insulation. This CRDS‐based system offers a reliable and sensitive method for early detection of potential transformer faults.
Large improvement in RF magnetic fields and imaging SNR with whole‐head high‐permittivity slurry helmet for human‐brain MRI applications at 7 T
Authors: Soon Soo Han , Li Xin , Waks Matt , Zhu Xiao‐Hong , Wiesner Hannes M. , Gandji Navid P. , Yang Qing X. , Lanagan Michael T. , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeTo optimize the design and demonstrate the integration of a helmet‐shaped container filled with a high‐permittivity material (HPM) slurry with RF head coil arrays to improve RF coil sensitivity and SNR for human‐brain proton MRI.MethodsRF reception magnetic fields () of a 32‐channel receive‐only coil array with various geometries and permittivity values of HPM slurry helmet are calculated with electromagnetic simulation at 7 T. A 16‐channel transmit‐only coil array, a 32‐channel receive‐only coil array, and a 2‐piece HPM slurry helmet were constructed and assembled. RF transmission magnetic field (), , and MRI SNR maps from the entire human brain were measured and compared.ResultsSimulations showed that averaged improvement with the HPM slurry helmet increased from 57% to 87% as the relative permittivity (εr) of HPM slurry increased from 110 to 210. In vivo experiments showed that the average improvement over the human brain was 14.5% with the two‐piece HPM slurry (εr ≈ 170) helmet, and the average and SNR were improved 63% and 34%, respectively, because the MRI noise level was increased by the lossy HPM.ConclusionThe RF coil sensitivity and MRI SNR were largely improved with the two‐piece HPM slurry helmet demonstrated by both electromagnetic simulations and in vivo human head experiments at 7 T. The findings demonstrate that incorporating an easily producible HPM slurry helmet into the RF coil array significantly enhances human‐brain MRI SNR homogeneity and quality at ultrahigh field. Greater SNR improvement is anticipated using the less lossy HPM and optimal design.
Simulation of Autogenous Self‐Healing in Lime‐Based Mortars
Authors: De Nardi Cristina , Sayadi Sina , Mihai Iulia , Jefferson Anthony 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThroughout history, architectural heritage has been constructed using masonry, clay or stone elements, and lime‐based mortars. Over time, old buildings are subjected to different degrees of movement and degradation, leading to the formation of microcracks. Water dissolves and transports lime in mortar, but when the water evaporates, the lime is deposited and heals cracks in a process known as autogenous healing. Lime‐based mortars can regain some mechanical properties due to their healing capacity, given certain conditions. In the present work, a constitutive formulation has been developed to simulate cracking and healing in lime‐based mortars. The proposed model captures the residual displacements within cracks, associated with interacting crack surface asperities, as well as the healing effect on mechanical properties. A new approach is described which expresses these mechanisms mathematically within a micromechanical formulation. The proposed model was validated by comparing the outputs with experimental data. The results show that the new continuum micromechanical damage‐healing model could capture the damage‐healing cycle with good accuracy.
How Can We Show That Artificial Intelligence May Improve Our Assessment and Management of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunctions?—ICI‐RS 2024
Authors: Finazzi Agrò Enrico , Rosato Eleonora , Kheir George Bou , Rademakers Kevin , Averbeck Márcio Augusto , Tarcan Tufan , Hashim Hashim , Gammie Andrew , Sinha Sanjay , Song Qi‐Xiang , Mohamed‐Ahmed Rayan , Da Silva Anasofia , Lombardo Riccardo , Abrams Paul , Wein Alan , Werneburg Glenn T. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThe integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into functional urology management must be assessed for its clinical utility, but hopefully will change, perhaps to revolutionize the way LUTD and other conditions are assessed, the aim being to offer patients more rapid and effective management which enhances patient outcomes. The aim of this proposal, discussed at the ICI‐RS annual meeting, is to evaluate the available evidence on AI and the way it might change the approach to urodynamic (UDS) diagnoses, including overactive bladder syndrome (OAB), and perhaps other LUTDs such as bladder outflow obstruction.MethodsA compendium of discussion based on the current evidence related to AI and its potential applications in UDS and OAB.ResultsAI‐powered diagnostic tools are being developed to analyze complex datasets from urodynamic studies, imaging, and other diagnostic tests. AI systems can leverage large volumes of clinical data to recommend personalized treatment plans based on individual patient profiles to optimize surgical procedures, enhance diagnostic precision, tailor the therapy, reduce the risk of complications, and improve outcomes. In the future, AI will be able to provide tailored counseling regarding the outcomes and potential side effects of drugs and procedures to a given patient.ConclusionAI's role in functional urology has been poorly investigated, and its implementation across several areas may improve clinical care and the pathophysiological understanding of functional urologic conditions.
Stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) diffusion tensor imaging with different diffusion encoding times in the supraspinatus muscle: Test–retest reliability and comparison to spin echo diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Marth Adrian Alexander , Sommer Stefan , Feiweier Thorsten , Sutter Reto , Nanz Daniel , von Deuster Constantin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides insight into the skeletal muscle microstructure and can be acquired using a stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM)‐based approach to quantify time‐dependent tissue diffusion. This study examined diffusion metrics and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in the supraspinatus muscle obtained with a STEAM‐DTI sequence with different diffusion encoding times (Δ) and compared them to measures from a spin echo (SE) sequence. Ten healthy subjects (mean age 31.5 ± 4.7 years; five females) underwent 3‐Tesla STEAM and SE‐DTI of the shoulder in three sessions. STEAM was acquired with Δ of 100/200/400/600 ms. The diffusion encoding time in SE scans was 19 ms (b = 500 s/mm2). Region of interest‐based measurement of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and SNR was performed. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed to assess test–retest reliability. ANOVA with post‐hoc pairwise tests was used to compare measures between different Δ of STEAM as well as STEAM and SE, respectively. FA was significantly higher (FASTEAM: 0.38–0.46 vs. FASE: 0.26) and MD significantly lower (MDSTEAM: 1.20–1.33 vs. MDSE: 1.62 × 10−3 mm2/s) in STEAM compared to SE (p < 0.001, respectively). SNR was significantly higher for SE (72.3 ± 8.7) than for STEAM (p < 0.001). ICCs were excellent for FA in STEAM (≥0.911) and SE (0.960). For MD, ICCs were good for STEAM100ms–600ms (≥0.759) and SE (0.752). STEAM and SE exhibited excellent reliability for FA and good reliability for MD in the supraspinatus muscle. SNR was significantly higher in SE compared to STEAM.
Treatment of inelastic material models within a dynamic ALE formulation for structures subjected to moving loads
Authors: Anantheswar Atul , Wollny Ines , Kaliske Michael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article showcases the development of a dynamic Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation to account for inelastic material models within a finite element framework. Such a formulation is commonly utilized in research domains like fluid mechanics, fluid‐structure interaction, quasi static remeshing techniques, and quasi static load movement. The work at hand describes the application of the ALE formulation to efficiently analyse structures subjected to moving loads in the field of transient inelastic solid mechanics. In particular, structures such as pavements, gantry crane girders etc., which are subjected to moving loads, can be numerically simulated, and their transient response in the relevant region around the load can be obtained without relying on moving loads. The focus of this article is to facilitate the treatment of history variables stemming from inelastic material models. Of particular interest is the advection procedure required to transport the history variables through the mesh, as the material appears to flow through it. The mathematical framework necessary to treat this advection process is described in detail, considering a nonlinear viscoelastic material model on a neo‐Hookean base at finite deformations. Then, four methods for numerically achieving the advection are implemented within a transient finite element ALE formulation. These methods are compared against each other, and additionally with the conventional Lagrangian method for validation. The results demonstrate satisfactory agreement with conventional simulation methods, while offering a significant improvement in terms of computation speed. With the work at hand, the dynamic response of inelastic materials subjected to moving loads can be numerically simulated in a computationally efficient manner.
Iterative time integration for poroelasticity with nonlinear permeability
Authors: Altmann Robert , Deiml Matthias 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider iterative time stepping schemes for poroelasticity including a nonlinearity in the flow equation. For this, we extend recently introduced schemes, which converge with first‐ and second‐order in the linear case, to the nonlinear setting. In each step of the iteration process, the elastic and flow equations are decoupled, which automatically linearizes the system. Numerical examples prove the efficiency of the iterative schemes.
Model complexity optimization of equivalent dynamical linearization data models used in model‐free adaptive control
Authors: Salighe Soheil , Söffker Dirk 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses a strategy for optimizing the complexity of time‐varying data models as used in model‐free adaptive control (MFAC). Here the dynamic linearization in compact form (CFDL), partial form (PFDL), and full form (FFDL) are considered as data models used to describe input/output (I/O) data sets. These data models are built only for control purpose and can have various degrees of complexity depending on the size of the considered time‐window as well as the underlying algorithms. The methodology is to compare the performance of the data models according to an evaluation criterion, to analyze the order of different data models based on bias‐variance trade‐off, and to select the best‐performing model. The complexity of the selected model is compared with the reduced linear time‐invariant (LTI) model obtained by applying a combination of the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) and observer/Kalman filter identification (OKID) on the same I/O dataset. The I/O data are obtained from applying the MFAC controllers on a nonlinear three‐tank system (3TS) to track various desired references. The results indicate that the model complexity optimization can also be used for selecting an appropriate MFAC data model with optimal order to reduce the complexity and computational burden of the MFAC control algorithms.
How to increase nature connectedness? Effectiveness and mechanisms of a gratitude journal intervention
Authors: Samus Andreas , Dickinson Katharine J. M. , Freeman Claire , van Heezik Yolanda 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Nature connectedness can promote pro‐environmental behaviour and psychological well‐being, but little is known about how nature connectedness can be strengthened. Interventions that seek to enhance nature connectedness by promoting direct nature contact may be impractical because urban areas often lack opportunities for interactions with nature in the daily lives of people.

This study examines the effects of a gratitude journal exercise on nature connectedness, psychological well‐being, and engagement in wildlife gardening. Participants (N = 114) were either asked to write down daily three things relating to nature that they were grateful for over a 14‐day period or they were assigned to one of two control groups (a traditional gratitude condition and an activity list condition).

Compared to the two control groups, there were no significant differences in any of the outcome variables during the 14‐day period and at 1‐week and 3‐month follow‐ups. However, significant increases in all those outcome variables emerged independent of the group. Qualitative data analysis suggests that the journal exercise promoted increases in the outcome variables by generating self‐knowledge as well as positive emotions and attitudes. Moreover, participants noted that the journal activity made them think about nature in new ways, presumably through answering daily survey questions on nature connectedness.

We suggest that the mere activity of regularly reflecting on one's relationship with nature may increase nature connectedness. Interventions that encourage people to contemplate the interconnectedness between themselves and nature could be a viable strategy to strengthen human–nature relationships, especially in urban areas that lack opportunities for interactions with nature. The findings of this study can inform future research concerned with the processes of strengthening nature connectedness and the design of interventions that employ nature‐based journal exercises.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Environmentally Benign High‐Performance Composites‐Based Hybrid Microcrystalline Cellulose/Graphene Oxide
Authors: Kabeb Siti M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA novel silane functionalization prepared by a solution mixing approach of epoxy composites filled with eco‐friendly reinforcement filler, that is, graphene oxide (GO) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The developed composites were subjected to comprehensive analysis using various characterization techniques, encompassing mechanical testing, water absorption analysis, thermal stability assessment, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile strength and Young's Modulus of the epoxy composite filled with 1.0 wt.% of GO (EGO1.0) demonstrated the highest value viz. 29.83 MPa and 1991.71 MPa, respectively, when compared to neat epoxy composite (E0). Meanwhile, the thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) studies, particularly char yield, highlight improvements in the thermal stability of the EGO2.5 composite, that is, 23.39% representing a 33.73% increment compared to the E0 composite. The synergistic effect of hybrid filler, achieved by a combination of micro and nanoparticle fillers within an epoxy matrix, was investigated as a virtuous alternative to the conventional epoxy nanocomposites. A uniform dispersion of GO on the MCC surface leads to significant improvements in the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the epoxy‐reinforced composite. The maximum tensile strength, Young's Modulus, and break strain of 39.77 MPa, 2591.27 MPa, and 2.90%, respectively, were observed for the modified EGO1.0MCC1.5 composite. The synergistic effect of hybrid eco‐friendly reinforcement fillers (GO/MCC) and a strong interfacial adhesion between the matrix and filler reduces the formation of defects, thereby resulting in good stress transfer from matrix to fillers.
A multi‐layer approach for additive manufacturing of continuous fiber composites
Authors: Tawfik Hussam , Goldsmith Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) of continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites (cFRPCs) requires innovative tool‐pathing strategies that account for the anisotropic properties of the continuous fibers and ensure their continuous deposition as reinforcement along the designed structure, reducing fibers bending and cutting. Existing 3D printing slicing software, designed for isotropic materials like neat polymers, has been adapted for 3D printing of continuous fiber composites, resulting in a layer‐by‐layer approach that necessitates filament cutting after each layer deposition. This method introduces discontinuities, weakening the material and underutilizing continuous fibers strength. In this research, we propose a novel tool‐pathing strategy designed to address these challenges through (1) Ensuring fiber continuity across layers by allowing overlapping filaments and (2) Strategically positioning fiber cut points based on stress distribution, modeled using finite element analysis. A Multi‐Layer Continuous Fiber Path (ML‐CFP) approach was introduced and validated on a simple bracket structure featuring two load‐application inserts. 3D printed brackets using different tool paths were tested to failure under tension and compression after compression molding to improve interlayer adhesion. Mechanical investigations confirmed that the ML‐CFP approach enhances fiber utilization, improving tensile strength and work to fracture by up to 46% and 100% through promoting failure in fibers rather than at cut points.Highlights
Introduced the multi‐layer continuous fiber path method (ML‐CFP) in AM of cFRPCs.
Introduced the strategic cut point placement (SCPP) based on stress distribution.
Maintaining fiber continuity and reduce fiber bending by allowing filament overlap.
Mechanical testing to compare the ML‐CFP with conventional slicing methods.
Enhanced tensile strength by up to 46% and work to fracture by 100%.
Coping With Side Effects: A Daily Diary Study in Women With Breast Cancer Living With Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy
Authors: Bierbauer W. , Scholz U. , Güth U. , Tausch C. , Elfgen C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAdjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) is increasingly being prescribed for up to 10 years to people diagnosed with hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer. AET intake is often accompanied by side effects that significantly impact the well‐being of people. The way individuals cope with medication‐related side effects might play a pivotal role in their emotional adaption.MethodsThis intensive‐longitudinal study investigated the association between self‐reported coping strategies (Brief COPE) and psychological well‐being (Patient Health Questionnaire‐4) among women undergoing AET. A multilevel factor analysis resulted in the identification of four coping factors, namely, problem‐focused, support‐focused, meaning‐focused, and avoidance‐focused coping. Daily coping efforts and experienced side effects were analyzed as predictors of psychological well‐being using multilevel modeling.ResultsA total of 215 women (Mage = 56.5 ± 10.9 years) participated, resulting in a total of n = 2080 daily surveys (M = 9.67 ± 1.08). On average, women reported 3.7 ± 2.2 different side effects per day. Days characterized by an elevated frequency of side effects and increased burden were associated with diminished well‐being. Using more problem‐ and meaning‐focused strategies than usual to cope with side effects correlated positively with well‐being. Conversely, employing more support‐ and avoidance‐focused coping strategies than usual was linked to reduced psychological well‐being. Exploratory analyses focusing on individual coping strategies provided nuanced insights into coping behaviors.ConclusionThe present findings underscore the relationship between women's coping efforts concerning medication‐related side effects during AET and their daily well‐being. Psychosocial education (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy) may offer valuable benefits for patients by helping them develop adaptive coping strategies to manage side effects.
Computational Exploration of the Impact of Low‐Spin and High‐Spin Ground State on the Chelating Ability of Dimethylglyoxime Ligand on Dihalo Transition Metal: A QTAIM, EDA, and CDA Analysis
Authors: Mazia Suzane Leonie Djendo , Jean Moto Ongagna , Idrice Adjieufack Abel , Lissouck Daniel , Ndom Jean Claude , Mama Désiré Bikele 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWe have explored the chelation of dimethylglyoxime ligand to divalent (ndx: x = 6, 7, 8) transition metal (TM) cations in two media (gas phase and water) at the B3LYP//LANL2DZ/6–311+G (d,p) and B3LYP/def2‐TZVP level at lower multiplicity and higher multiplicity states. Majority of the 18 optimized halide (chloride and bromide) complexes prefer square planar configuration. The correlations discerned between the experimental structural data and their estimated counterparts demonstrate a good credibility for complexes at lower multiplicity state. The basis set superposition errors (BSSEs) estimated is very small which reflects the fact that the choice of different basis sets (B3LYP//LANL2DZ/6–311+G (d,p)) introduces a slight bias in the calculation of energies. The ADMP (atom‐centered density matrix propagation) simulations in water on chloride complexes indicate the irreversible nature of these M—N dissociation in trajectory simulation process. This fact explains our exclusive focus on the examination of the [glyoxime ligand]…[MX2] interactions. In addition, the solvation of (3d and 4d) transition metal chloride complexes causes a sensitive augmentation of the metal ion affinity (MIA) with an average of 0.29 and 0.24 kcal/mol. In both multiplicity states, the topological parameters have illustrated that the M—N and M—X bonds are typical metal–ligand in both media. The average ΔEorb/ΔEsteric ratio equal to 0.45 and 0.11 in gas phase and water, respectively, reveals the predominance of the contributions from non‐covalent bonding interactions (NCI) compared to those of covalent bonding. But, the maximal value equal to 6.760 is obtained for bromide rhodium complex in water. NBO analysis in both media highlights the fact that a more pronounced ionic character is observed for the majority of the chloride complexes at both spin multiplicity states because of their higher retained charges on the metal atom. For [dimethylglyoxime]…[MX2] interaction (X = Cl and Br), the charge decomposition analysis demonstrates that the lowest value of the d/b ratio is found for the chloride platinum complex at lower multiplicity state in water. This is a proof of its strong relativistic effects.