bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semantic mapping: What happens to idioms in discourse
Authors: Owens Jonathan , Dodsworth Robin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIdioms have generally played a supporting rather than a leading role in research on figurative language. In Cognitive Linguistics for instance idioms have been understood against how they are embedded in conceptual metaphors (Lakoff 1987,Women, fire, and dangerous things. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Clausner and Croft 1997, Productivity and schematicity in metaphors.Cognitive Science21. 247–282) while in the experimental psycholinguistic tradition their role has been to challenge the basis of conceptual metaphor in “priming” figurative language (Glucksberg et al. 1993, Conceptual metaphors are not automatically accessed during idiom comprehension.Memory and Cognition21. 711–719; McGlone 2007, What is the explanatory value of a conceptual metaphor?Language and Communication27. 109–206). It is, moreover, broadly assumed that criteria defining grammatical properties of idioms are limited to their morphological and syntactic behavior (Nunberg et al. 1994, Idioms.Language70. 491–538). While the pragmatic properties of idioms have been described informally (Glucksberg 2001.Understanding figurative language: From metaphors to idioms(Oxford psychology series 36). Oxford: OUP), there are few studies which systematically contrast the behavior of nouns in literal vs. idiomatic expressions in discourse. Using a battery of criteria which has been developed to study discourse properties of subjects in spoken Arabic (Owens et al. 2013. Subject expression and discourse embeddedness in Emirati Arabic.Language Variation and Change25. 255–285), we show that keyword nouns in Nigerian Arabic are significantly different according to whether they are idiomatic or literal. The basis of the conclusion is the statistical analysis of 1403 tokens derived from a large corpus of natural Nigerian Arabic texts. Nouns in idiomatic expressions are opaque to discourse in a way those in literal ones are not. To explain the statistical results we argue that idioms partake in a ‘semantic mapping’ which incorporates the noun and its collocate in the idiom into a word-like unit, rendering it largely invisible to subsequent discourse. Since Nigerian Arabic idiomatic nouns, as is shown, display no clause-internal syntactic constraints, exhibit no cross-clausal syntactic dependencies, and show no significant interactions with possessive pronouns which ostensibly appear to mark the discourse argument of the keyword they are suffixed to, it is concluded that the mapping is of semantic nature. Other than exemplifying basic facts obtained via elicitation, the entire argument hinges on an examination of nouns in actual spoken discourse. The article establishes that large corpora coupled with multivariate statistical treatment contribute directly to understanding semantic factors difficult to evaluate via direct elicitation or examination of individual examples, in this case the sensitivity of cross-clausal referentiality to idiomatic contextualization.
An aeolian or a glaciolacustrine record? A case study from Mieļupīte, Middle Gauja Lowland, northeast Latvia
Authors: Nartišs Māris , Kalińska-Nartiša Edyta 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In the Middle Gauja Lowland, northeast Latvia, dunes are distributed over a vast glaciolacustrine plain that formed during the retreat of the Fennoscandian ice sheet. Such a direct contact between aeolian and glaciolacustrine sediments can be used to infer depositional settings and decipher to what extent these sediments bear an aeolian component. Our proxies, although preliminary, reveal a limited range of variation in grain-size parameters, a significant presence of quartz grains with silica precipitation and matt-surface grains of various rounding degrees and massive structure combined with horizontal lamination. These are indicative of periglacial-aeolian depositional conditions in the foreland of the Linkuva ice-marginal zone. Sedimentary characteristics do not match a single luminescence date of 9.2±0.6 ka, which significantly postdates the minimum age of the Linkuva ice-marginal zone with 10Be ages between 15.4 and 12.0 ka. Whether deposition started directly after drainage of the Middle Gauja ice-dammed lake or if there is a gap of 2.8–6.2 ka is a matter of debate; only future studies at higher OSL resolution could resolve this.
Aesthetics-based classification of geological structures in outcrops for geotourism purposes: a tentative proposal
Authors: Mikhailenko Anna V. , Nazarenko Olesya V. , Ruban Dmitry A. , Zayats Pavel P. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The current growth in geotourism requires an urgent development of classifications of geological features on the basis of criteria that are relevant to tourist perceptions. It appears that structure-related patterns are especially attractive for geotourists. Consideration of the main criteria by which tourists judge beauty and observations made in the geodiversity hotspot of the Western Caucasus allow us to propose a tentative aesthetics-based classification of geological structures in outcrops, with two classes and four subclasses. It is possible to distinguish between regular and quasi-regular patterns (i.e., striped and lined and contorted patterns) and irregular and complex patterns (paysage and sculptured patterns). Typical examples of each case are found both in the study area and on a global scale. The application of the proposed classification permits to emphasise features of interest to a broad range of tourists. Aesthetics-based (i.e., non-geological) classifications are necessary to take into account visions and attitudes of visitors.
Nanoindentation Response Analysis of Thin Film Substrates-II: Strain Hardening-Softening Oscillations in Subsurface Layer
Authors: Kanders Uldis , Kanders Karlis 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We have extracted stress-strain field (SSF) gradient and divergence representations from nanoindentation data sets of bulk solids often used as thin film substrates: bearing and tooling steels, silicon, glasses, and fused silica. Oscillations of the stress-strain field gradient and divergence induced in the subsurface layer by the nanoindentation have been revealed. The oscillations are especially prominent in single indentation tests at shallow penetration depths, h<100 nm, whereas they are concealed in the averaged datasets of 10 and more single tests. The amplitude of the SSF divergence oscillations decays as a sublinear power-law when the indenter approaches deeper atomic layers, with an exponent −0.9 for the steel and −0.8 for the fused silica. The oscillations are interpreted as alternating strain hardening-softening plastic deformation cycles induced in the subsurface layer under the indenter load.
Tribological Properties of PVD Ti/C-N Nanocoatnigs
Authors: Leitans A. , Lungevics J. , Rudzitis J. , Filipovs A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The present paper discusses and analyses tribological properties of various coatings that increase surface wear resistance. Four Ti/C-N nanocoatings with different coating deposition settings are analysed. Tribological and metrological tests on the samples are performed: 2D and 3D parameters of the surface roughness are measured with modern profilometer, and friction coefficient is measured with CSM Instruments equipment. Roughness parameters Ra, Sa, Sz, Str, Sds, Vmp, Vmc and friction coefficient at 6N load are determined during the experiment. The examined samples have many pores, which is the main reason for relatively large values of roughness parameter. A slight wear is identified in all four samples as well; its friction coefficient values range from 0,.21 to 0.29. Wear rate values are not calculated for the investigated coatings, as no expressed tribotracks are detected on the coating surface.
Feistel-inspired scrambling improves the quality of linear congruential generators
Authors: Aljahdali Asia , Mascagni Michael 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Generating pseudorandom numbers is a prerequisite for many areas including Monte Carlo simulation and randomized algorithms. The performance of pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) depends on the quality of the generated random sequences. They must be generated quickly and have good statistical properties. Several statistical test suites have been developed to evaluate a single stream of random numbers such as those from the TestU01 library, the DIEHARD test suite, the tests from the SPRNG package, and a set of tests designed to evaluate bit sequences developed at NIST. This paper presents a new pseudorandom number generation scheme that produces pseudorandom sequences with good statistical properties via a scrambling procedure motivated by cryptographic transformations. We will specifically apply this to a popular set of PRNGs called the Linear Congruential generators (LGCs). The scrambling technique is based on a simplified version of a Feistel network. The proposed method seeks to improve the quality of the LCGs output stream. We show that this Feistel-inspired scrambling technique breaks up the regularities that are known to exist in LCGs. The Feistel-inspired scrambling technique is modular, and can be applied to any 64-bit PRNG, and so we believe that it can serve as an inexpensive model for a scrambler that can be used with most PRNGs via post-processing.
Stochastic polynomial chaos expansion method for random Darcy equation
Authors: Shalimova Irina A. , Sabelfeld Karl K. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A probabilistic collocation based polynomial chaos expansion method is developed for simulation of
particle transport in porous medium. The hydraulic conductivity is assumed to be a random field of a given statistical structure. The flow is modeled in a two-dimensional domain with mixed Dirichlet–Neumann boundary conditions. The relevant Karhunen–Loève
expansion is constructed by a special randomized singular value decomposition (SVD) of the correlation matrix which makes possible to treat problems of high dimension.
The simulation results are compared against a direct Monte Carlo calculation of different Eulerian and Lagrangian statistical characteristics
of the solutions. As a byproduct, we suggest an approach to solve an inverse problem of recovering the variance of the log-conductivity.
Surface coil intensity correction in magnetic resonance imaging in spinal metastases
Authors: Ren Hong , Lin Wei , Ding Xianjun 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the clinical application of phased-array surface coil intensity correction in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in spinal metastases.

Methods
3 phantoms and 50 patients with a corresponding total number of 80 spinal metastases were included in this study. Fast spin echo T1- and T2- weighted MRI with and without surface coil intensity correction was routinely performed for all phantoms and patients. Phantoms were evaluated by means of variance to mean ratio of signal intensity on both T1- and T2- weighted MRI obtained with and without surface coil intensity correction. Spinal metastases were evaluated by image quality scores; reading time per case on both T1- and T2- weighted MRI obtained with and without surface coil intensity correction.

Results
Spinal metastases were diagnosed more successfully on MRI with surface coil intensity correction than on MRI with conventional surface coil technique. The variance to mean ratio of signal intensity was 53.36% for original T1-weighted MRI and 53.58% for original T2-weighted MRI. The variance to mean ratio of signal intensity was reduced to 18.99% for T1-weighted MRI with surface coil intensity correction and 22.77% for T2-weighted MRI with surface coil intensity correction. The overall image quality scores (interface conspicuity of lesion and details of lesion) were significantly higher than those of the original MRI. The reading time per case was shorter for MRI with surface coil intensity correction than for MRI without surface coil intensity correction.

Conclusions
Phased-array surface coil intensity correction in MRIs of spinal metastases provides improvements in image quality that leads to more successfully detection and assessment of spinal metastases than original MRI.
Crystal structure of poly[tetrakis(μ2-cyanido-κ2
N:O)-cyanido-tris(pyridine)dicobalt(II/III)], C20H15Co2N8
Authors: Yin Guojie , Zhang Shaowen , Wang Shimin , Zhang Bin , Wang Yingxiao 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
C20H15Co2N8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.2692(3) Å, b = 20.5546(10) Å, c = 13.7394(6) Å, β = 90.001(1)°, V = 2052.88(16) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0415, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0822, T = 173K.
The generalized fractional order of the Chebyshev functions on nonlinear boundary value problems in the semi-infinite domain
Authors: Parand Kourosh , Delkhosh Mehdi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA new collocation method, namely the generalized fractional order of the Chebyshev orthogonal functions (GFCFs) collocation method, is given for solving some nonlinear boundary value problems in the semi-infinite domain, such as equations of the unsteady isothermal flow of a gas, the third grade fluid, the Blasius, and the field equation determining the vortex profile. The method reduces the solution of the problem to the solution of a nonlinear system of algebraic equations. To illustrate the reliability of the method, the numerical results of the present method are compared with several numerical results.
The Anthropologist (AND) The Theologian
Authors: Chino Taido 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article is an attempt to determine the grounds for an interdisciplinary conversation between anthropology and theology. The first section reflects on Ludwig Feuerbach’s infamous assertion that theology is no more than anthropology and the obstacle that presents for fruitful dialogue. The second section considers the writings of a contemporary social anthropologist and theologian, Eduardo Viveiros de Castro and Christoph Schwöbel, respectively, with the aim of identifying intellectual resources from within each discipline which would recommend a mutually beneficial exchange. In particular, attention is given to the distinct ways each develops a metaphysics of relationality that overcomes difficulties within their own fields of study. Building on their similar relational conceptual frameworks, the primary contribution this essay makes is to extend their thought to the question of interdisciplinary conversation itself by suggesting that a dialogue is possible and, in fact, necessary. The article concludes with a third section that revisits the Feuerbachian critique and responds with a brief consideration of the relationship between divine and created being.
Distribution and speciation of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and P in surface sediments of Lake Mariut, Egypt
Authors: Abdel-Satar Amaal M. , Ali Mohamed H. , Goher Mohamed E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Lake Mariut is suffering from pollution as it receives industrial effluents and a mix of sewage from different drains, often lacking treatment systems. Sequential extraction procedures were applied for the speciation of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb) and P in the lake sediment to evaluate their potential bioavailability. Total concentrations of metals had low values compared with the sediment quality guidelines. The chemical speciation data for Mn and Zn indicate a potential pollution level since the non-residual fractions contain up to 77.6 and 64.9% (respectively) of the total metal content. However, Fe, Cu and Pb are mostly linked to the inert fraction. Risk assessment of metals was carried out using the mobility factor, the contamination factor, the risk assessment code and the enrichment factor. All the analytical approaches indicated the accumulation of pollutants exceeding the adsorptive capacity of Lake Mariut sediments. The organic phosphorus fractions dominated in the sediment accounting for 51.4%, while the most abundant form of inorganic phosphorus was Ca-bound phosphorus. The rank order of P fractions was HCl-P > NaOH-P > BD-P > NH4Cl-P > Res-P. The decrease both in the dissolved oxygen level in the lake water and the Fe:P ratio in the lake sediment resulted in the high contribution of the phosphorus fractions to the overlying water.
Occurrence of Nematodes in the alimentary tract of great cormorants [Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus, 1758)] in colonies located in the upper and lower Vistula River
Authors: Stocka Izabela , Dziekońska-Rynko Janina , Mierzejewska Katarzyna , Stańczak Katarzyna , Wziątek Bogdan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The occurrence of nematodes in the alimentary tract of great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (L., 1758) nestlings was studied in the Włocławek Reservoir located on the Vistula in central Poland and in adult birds wintering in the south of Poland, with the food base in the upper Vistula. Mixed (max 4 species) nematode infections were found in all birds. Apart from Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 found in all studied birds, the third- and fourth-stage larvae as well as adult individuals of the following species were also present: Eustrongylides excisus Jägerskiöld, 1909, Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809), Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802), Desmidocercella numidica Seurat, 1920, Synquaria squamata (Linstow, 1883), Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Creplin, 1825), Baruscapillaria carbonis (Dubinin et Dubinina, 1940). The overall mean intensity of infection with nematodes was 23.4 ± 11.6 in nestlings and 175.7 ± 110.9 in adult cormorants. The most common species was C. rudolphii with the mean infection intensity of 12.5 ± 5.9 in nestlings and 154.6 ± 111.4 in adults. The second most common species was E. excisus. S. squamata, C. obvelatus and D. numidica were less common in both age groups. A. simplex and H. aduncum were found only in nestlings, while B. carbonis only in adults.
Morphology, rheology and biodegradation of oxo-degradable polypropylene/polylactide blends
Authors: Mandal Dev K. , Bhunia Haripada , Bajpai Pramod K. , Chaudhari Chandrasekhar V. , Dubey Kumar A. , Varshney Lalit 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The blends of polypropylene (PP)/polylactide (PLA) with or without compatibilizer, and with pro-oxidant (cobalt stearate/calcium stearate) and pro-oxidant filled PP were prepared by using the melt blending technique. Films of these blends were prepared by compression molding. PP85PL15 and PP85PL15MA4 were the optimum blends from the tensile strength point of view. The improvement in the tensile strength of PP85PL15MA4 blend was achieved by addition of 4 phr compatibilizer. Cobalt stearate and calcium stearate were added separately to PP85PL15MA4 blend in 0.2% (w/w) ratio. The optimized blends were further characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, rheological studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and biodegradability test. Rheological studies confirmed the pseudo-plastic nature of all the blend samples. SEM studies have revealed that the addition of PLA in PP85PL15 enhances the void and roughness on the blend. All the prepared blends have biodegraded in the composting environment and the blend containing pro-oxidant biodegraded to the maximum extent.
Selected Problems of Transport in Port Towns – Tri-City as an Example
Authors: Budzyński Marcin , Ryś Dawid , Kustra Wojciech 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Port towns are strategic places from the point of view of transport systems. They form integration junctions for various transport branches , apart from the traditional - road and railway ones , also for water( sea) transport which is active there. Moreover, air transport comes also into consideration , whose efficient functioning must be connected with good accessibility, that concerns sea transport as well. Efficient and safe servicing the ports is crucial for their functioning. Problems associated with the overloading of lorries, which leads to degradation of road surface structure , observed in Gdynia, are discussed as an example in this paper. Problems of road traffic safety (RTS) are presented in this paper on the example of Gdańsk. The two issues: the road traffic safety and road surface degradation constitute only some transport problems of port towns , but they are very important, from the point of view of their specificity, for integration junctions of all the transport branches for people and goods. However, in discussing selected aspects of transport in port towns it is necessary to refer to the managing of integrated transport system with taking into account its traffic safety aspects.
Causality in Models of Thermal Processes in Ship Engine Rooms with the Use of Bond Graph (BG) Method
Authors: Cichy Marian , Kneba Zbigniew , Kropiwnicki Jacek 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWith a single approach to modeling elements of different physical nature, the method of Bond Graph (BG) is particularly well suited for modeling energy systems consisting of mechanical, thermal, electrical and hydraulic elements that operate in the power system engine room. The paper refers to the earlier presented [2] new concept of thermal process modeling using the BG method. The authors own suggestions for determining causality in models of thermal processes created by the said concept were given. The analysis of causality makes it possible to demonstrate the model conflicts that prevent the placement of state equations which allows for the direct conduct of simulation experiments. Attention has been drawn to the link between the energy systems models of thermal processes with models of elements of different physical nature. Two examples of determining causality in models of complex energy systems of thermal elements have been presented. The firs relates to the electrical system associated with the process of heat exchange. The second is a model of the mechanical system associated with the thermodynamic process.
Simulation Studies Into Quayside Transport and Storage Yard Operations in Container Terminals
Authors: Deja Mariusz , Dobrzyński Michał , Siemiątkowski Mieczysław S. , Wiśniewska Aleksandra 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The focus of the paper is in quayside transport and storage yard operations in container terminals. Relevant algorithms have been applied and a simulation model adopted. Evaluative criteria chosen for that model were: the total time of ship unloading and the truck utilization level. Recommendations for unloading in berth and yard areas were analysed in three different case studies. Results of simulations and deterministic model based analyses are included.