bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF O‐HALOBENZYL CYANIDES WITH CARBON DISULFIDE AND PHENYL ISOTHIOCYANATE
Authors: RUDORF W.‐D. , SCHIERHORN A. , AUGUSTIN M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie o‐halogenierten Benzylcyanide (II) reagieren mit CS2 in Gegenwart von NaH bei niedriger Temp. zu nicht isolierten Na‐dithiolaten, deren Alkylierung zu den Keten‐S,S‐acetalen (I) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: LACTAMS. XVII. SYNTHESIS AND STEREOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DIETHYL CIS‐ AND TRANS‐5‐ETHYL‐2‐OXO‐4‐PIPERIDINEMALONATE
Authors: FUJII T. , YOSHIFUJI S. , IKEDA K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Lactam (I) erhält man mit Natriumborhydrid und Acetanhydrid über das Zwischenprodukt (II) das Michaelsystem (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PROTONIC AND CONFORMATIONAL EQUILIBRIUMS OF 1,3‐DITHIAALKANES AND THEIR CONGENERS IN HIGHLY ACIDIC MEDIA
Authors: LAMBERT J. B. , MAJCHRZAK M. W. , STEC D. III 
Published: April 2016

AbstractKonformationen und Protonierungsreaktionen werden an verschiedenen Thioethern (I)‐(III) untersucht und auf ähnliche Heterocyclen wie (IV)‐(VI) übertragen.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLES. 59. THE REACTIONS OF 2‐CYCLOHEXENONES WITH AMMONIUM THIOCYANATE E AND THIOUREA
Authors: WENDELIN W. , KERN W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Cyclohexenone (IIa‐c) reagieren mit Ammoniumthiocyanat zu den entsprechenden Cyclohexeniminiumthiocyanaten (Ia‐c) und nicht zu den erwarteten Diazabicyclononanthion‐Verbindungen.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVE ELECTROPHILIC REACTIONS ON SUBSTITUTED PURINES. PREDOMINANT INTERMEDIACY OF 6‐ OR 8‐PURINYL CARBANIONS
Authors: LEONARD N. J. , BRYANT J. D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem 6‐Iod‐9‐tetrahydropyranyl‐purin (I) erhält man mit Butyllithium bei niederer Temperatur und anschließender Behandlung mit Oxo‐Verbindungen die 6‐Addukte (III) neben dem Reduktionsprodukt (IV), während beim Erwärmen eine Umlagerung des Anions und Bildung der 8‐Addukte (V) erfolgt.
ChemInform Abstract: PTERIN CHEMISTRY. 71. SEPARATION OF THE DIASTEREOMERS (6R)‐ AND (6S)‐5,6,7,8‐TETRAHYDRO‐L‐NEOPTERIN
Authors: FURRER H.‐J. , BIERI J. H. , VISCONTINI M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAcetylierung von L‐Neopterin (Ia) und Hydrierung des Aoetyl‐ derivats (Ib) liefern die Verbindung (IIa); nachfolgende Acetylierung von (Ib) gibt das N5 ‐Acetylderivat, das durch fraktionierte Kristallisation in die Diastereomeren (IIb) und (IIc) aufgetrennt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: SIMPLE SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO LASIODIPLODIN
Authors: DANISHEFSKY S. , ETHEREDGE S. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDilithiopropiolat (I) reagiert mit Bromocten (II) zum Substitutionsprodukt (IIIa), dessen Methylester (IIIb) nach Diels‐Alder mit dem Dien (IV) zu (Va) kondensiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHAZO‐AMIDE REARRANGEMENT OF IMIDOTHIOPYROPHOSPHATES
Authors: GOLOLOBOV YU. G. , DUDCHENKO T. N. , TUPCHIENKO S. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas O,O‐Diethyl‐N‐ phenyl‐N‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)‐amido‐thionophosphat (IV) läßt sich nach 3 Verfahren darstellen, erstens durch Umsetzung des Amids (I) mit dem Chlorid (II), zweitens aus dem unsymmetrischen Anhydrid (IV) und Phenylazid (V) sowie drittens durch Kochen der Verbindung (VII) mit Schwefel.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetische und mechanistische Untersuchungen von Übergangsmetallkomplex‐Reaktionen. 4. Mitt. Reaktionen von Komplexliganden. 18. Mitt. Kinetik und Mechanismus der Einschiebung von 1‐(Diethylamino)‐1‐propin in die Metall‐Carbenkohlenstoff‐Bindung von Pentacarbonyl(arylmethoxycarben)chrom(O) und ‐wolfram(O).
Authors: FISCHER H. , DOETZ K. H. + 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Bildung der Diethylamino‐(2‐aryl‐2‐methoxy‐1‐methylethenyl)‐carben‐W(0)‐ und ‐Cr(0)‐Komplexe (III) durch Einschiebung des Aminopropins (II) in die Carben‐Metall‐Bindung von (I) wird kinetisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON 2‐AZIRIDINECARBOXYLIC ACID. II. A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF THREONINE O‐PEPTIDE DERIVATIVES VIA (2S,3S)‐3‐METHYL‐2‐AZIRIDINECARBOXYLIC ACID
Authors: TANAKA T. , NAKAJIMA K. , MAEDA T. , NAKAMURA A. , HAYASHI N. , OKAWA K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUmsetzung des Aziri‐ din‐peptids (I) mit der Säure (II) liefert das Peptid (III) mit einem O‐Acyl‐threonin‐ Baustein.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF THE E AND Z ISOMERS OF 9‐(5,6‐DIDEOXY‐β‐D‐ERYTHRO‐HEX‐4‐ENOFURANOSYL)ADENINE
Authors: LERNER L. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Furanosid (I) erhält man nach Umwandlung in das Iodid (II) über eine Hydrolyse die beiden anomeren Glykoside (III), die zu den Adenyl‐ Derivaten (IV) kondensiert und dann zu den Olefinen (Va) und (Vb) bzw. (VI) umgesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTING OXIDE GLASSES
Authors: CHUNG C. H. , MACKENZIE J. D. , MURAWSKI L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReview: Es wird eine Übersicht über die spezifische Leitfähigkeit und die Aktivierungsenergie der Leitfähigkeit von Oxidgläsern mit einem Gehalt von mehr als ein paar Prozent an Übergangsmetallionen N1 Co) gegeben . Der Mechanismus der Elektronenleitung (V, Fe, Ti, Mo, W, Cu, Mn, ′, beruht auf einer Ladungsübertragung zwischen den Ionen mit verschiedener Wertigkeit.
Mass and heat transfer behaviour of catalytic and electrochemical stirred tank reactors employing metallic screens lining as a reaction surface
Authors: Taha Mahmoud M. , Fouad Yasmine O. , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed H. , Konsowa Abdelaziz H. , Sedahmed Gomaa H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLiquid‐solid mass transfer behaviour of a rectangular stirred tank reactor lined with single screens and stacks of closely packed screens was studied in relation to catalytic and electrochemical reactor design by the electrochemical technique. Variables studied were impeller rotation speed, mesh number, and wire diameter of the screen, as well as physical properties of the solution, number of screens per stack, and impeller geometry. The rate of mass transfer increased with increasing impeller rotation speed and decreased with increasing screen mesh number and number of screens per stack. Radial flow turbine impellers produced higher rates of mass transfer than axial flow impellers. The data were correlated by dimensionless mass transfer equations. A comparison between the volumetric mass transfer coefficient at a stirred single‐screen electrode and at a stirred flat plate electrode shows that the volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the single screen is higher than that at the flat plate by a factor ranging from 7.3–22.5, depending on the operating conditions. For screen stacks, the ratio between the stack volumetric mass transfer coefficient and the flat plate value ranges from 2–46 depending on the operating conditions.The importance of the present results in the design and operation of catalytic and electrochemical reactors used to conduct diffusion‐controlled reactions was highlighted. The possibility of using screens as turbulence promoters to enhance the rate of heat transfer between the reactor wall and the surrounding cooling jacket was noted.
Glioblastoma in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland revisited: 2005 to 2009
Authors: Gramatzki Dorothee , Dehler Silvia , Rushing Elisabeth Jane , Zaugg Kathrin , Hofer Silvia , Yonekawa Yasuhiro , Bertalanffy Helmut , Valavanis Anton , Korol Dimitri , Rohrmann Sabine , Pless Miklos , Oberle Joachim , Roth Patrick , Ohgaki Hiroko , Weller Michael 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDA population‐based analysis of patients with glioma diagnosed between 1980 and 1994 in the Canton of Zurich in Switzerland confirmed the overall poor prognosis of glioblastoma. To explore changes in outcome, registry data were reevaluated for patients diagnosed between 2005 and 2009.METHODSPatients with glioblastoma who were diagnosed between 2005 and 2009 were identified by the Zurich and Zug Cancer Registry. The prognostic significance of epidemiological and clinical data, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1)R132H mutation status, and O6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status was analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTSA total of 264 patients with glioblastoma were identified, for an annual incidence of 3.9 compared with the previous incidence of 3.7. The mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 59.5 years in the current cohort compared with 61.3 years previously. The overall survival (OS) rate was 46.4% at 1 year, 22.5% at 2 years, and 14.4% at 3 years in the current study compared with 17.7% at 1 year, 3.3% at 2 years, and 1.2% at 3 years as reported previously. The median OS for all patients with glioblastoma was 11.5 months compared with 4.9 months in the former patient population. The median OS was 1.9 months for best supportive care, 6.2 months for radiotherapy alone, 6.7 months for temozolomide alone, and 17.0 months for radiotherapy plus temozolomide. Multivariate analysis revealed age, Karnofsky performance score, extent of tumor resection, first‐line treatment, year of diagnosis, and MGMT promoter methylation status were associated with survival in patients with IDH1R132H‐nonmutant glioblastoma.CONCLUSIONSThe OS of patients newly diagnosed with glioblastoma in the Canton of Zurich in Switzerland markedly improved from 1980 through 1994 to 2005 through 2009. Cancer 2016;122:2206–15. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
The role of chronic and episodic disturbances on channel–hillslope coupling: the persistence and legacy of extreme floods
Authors: Dethier Evan , Magilligan Francis J. , Renshaw Carl E. , Nislow Keith H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLandscape form represents the cumulative effects of de‐stabilizing events relative to recovery processes. Most geomorphic research has focused on the role of episodic rare events on landscape form with less attention paid to the role and persistence of chronic inputs. To better establish the interplay between chronic and episodic extreme events at regional scales, we used aerial photography and post‐flood sediment sampling to assess stream and hillslope response and recovery to a 100–300 yr. flood caused by Tropical Storm Irene in New England. Within a 14 000 km2 study area, analysis of aerial photographs indicated that the storm initiated (n = 534) and reactivated (n = 460) a large number of landslides. These landslides dramatically increased overall estimates of regional erosion rates (from 0.0023 mm/yr. without Irene to 0.0072 mm/yr. with Irene). Similarly, Irene‐generated LWD inputs of 0.25–0.5 trees/km exceeded annual background rates in a single event, and these concentrated inputs (101–102 of trees/landslide) are likely to result in large jams and snags that are particularly persistent and geomorphically effective. Finally, we found that landslide scars continue to provide elevated sediment inputs years after the event, as evidenced by sustained higher suspended sediment concentrations in streams with Irene‐generated landslides. Overall, our results indicate that infrequent, high‐magnitude events have a more important geomorphic role in tectonically stable, more moderate‐relief systems than has been previously recognized. Understanding the role of these events has particular relevance in regions such as New England, where the frequency and magnitude of extreme storms is expected to increase. Further, these effects may force reconsideration of conservation and restoration targets (for example in channel form and large wood loading and distribution) in fluvial systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using geophysical surveys to test tracer‐based storage estimates in headwater catchments
Authors: Soulsby C. , Bradford J. , Dick J. , McNamara J. P. , Geris J. , Lessels J. , Blumstock M. , Tetzlaff D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHydrogeophysical surveys were carried out in a 3.2 km2 Scottish catchment where previous isotope studies inferred significant groundwater storage that makes important contributions to streamflow. We used electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to characterize the architecture of glacial drifts and make an approximation of catchment‐scale storage. Four ERT lines (360–535 m in length) revealed extensive 5–10 m deep drift cover on steeper slopes, which extends up to 20–40 m in valley bottom areas. Assuming low clay fractions, we interpret variable resistivity as correlating with variations in porosity and water content. Using Archie's Law as a first approximation, we compute likely bounds for storage along the ERT transects. Areas of highest groundwater storage occur in valley bottom peat soils (up to 4 m deep) and underlying drift where up to 10 000 mm of precipitation equivalent may be stored. This is consistent with groundwater levels which indicate saturation to within 0.2 m of the surface. However, significant slow groundwater flow paths occur in the shallower drifts on steeper hillslopes, where point storage varies between ~1000 mm–5000 mm. These fluxes maintain saturated conditions in the valley bottom and are recharged from drift‐free areas on the catchment interfluves. The surveys indicate that catchment scale storage is >2000 mm which is consistent with tracer‐based estimates. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of Agricultural Non‐Point Source Pollution Reduction Measures in Korea
Authors: Cho Moonsoo , Jang Taeil , Jang Jeong Ryeol , Yoon Chun Gyeong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe dramatic increase of non‐point source (NPS) pollutant loads in total pollutant loads necessitates urgent countermeasures against NPS pollution reduction. Point source treatment technology and measures for systematic agricultural NPS pollution reduction are needed, because agricultural NPS pollutants have been shown to have a stronger effect than other sources in the Saemangeum River Basin. Therefore, the present study, initiated in 2010 (a 7‐year project), focuses on the development of agricultural NPS pollution reduction measures in the Saemangeum River Basin.Farmers and residents still appear to have a very low awareness of agricultural NPS pollution in South Korea. Genuinely critical factors in reducing agricultural NPS pollution are efforts to develop best management practices (BMPs) that reduce NPS pollution and dissemination of the BMPs among residents, including farmers, so that the BMPs can be implemented. The tested BMPs showed a reduction effect of agricultural NPS pollution from paddy and upland areas. However, long‐term research results are needed to evaluate this effect, because no economic benefits through the BMPs application were observed. Based on the results of the present study, BMP manuals and environmental education teaching materials have been developed for the farmers. In addition, systematization of support for dissemination of BMP and participation of farmers has been promoted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Reliability and Validity of Peer Review of Writing in High SchoolAP English Classes
Authors: Schunn Christian , Godley Amanda , DeMartino Sara 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOne approach to writing instruction that has been shown to improve secondary students' academic writing without increasing demands on teachers' time is peer review. However, many teachers and students worry that students' feedback and assessment of their peers' writing is less accurate than teachers'. This study investigated whether Advanced Placement (AP) English students from diverse high school contexts can accurately assess their peers' writing if given a clear rubric. The authors first explain the construction of the rubric, a student‐friendly version of the College Board's scoring guide. They then examine the reliability and validity of the students' assessments by comparing them with their teachers' and trainedAPscorers' assessments. The study found that students' assessments were more valid than the ones provided by a single teacher and just as valid as the ones provided by expertAPscorers. Students' and teachers' perceptions of the peer review process are also discussed.
Chemico‐mechanical imaging of Barrett's oesophagus
Authors: Palombo Francesca , Madami Marco , Fioretto Daniele , Nallala Jayakrupakar , Barr Hugh , David Antoine , Stone Nick 
Published: April 2016

Barrett's oesophagus is a condition characterized by a change in the lining of the oesophagus that markedly increases the risk of adenocarcinoma. We demonstrate the first site‐matched application of Brillouin microscopy, Raman microscopy and FTIR micro‐spectroscopic imaging to ex‐vivo epithelial tissue – Barrett's oesophagus. The mechanical and chemical characters of the epithelium were assessed in histological sections from a patient subjected to endoscopic oesophageal biopsy. Previous studies have shown that both these properties change within the oesophageal wall, owing to the presence of distinct cellular and extracellular constituents which are putatively affected by oesophageal cancer. Brillouin microscopy enables maps of elasticity of the epithelium to be obtained, whilst Raman and FTIR imaging provide ’chemical images' without the need for labelling or staining. This site‐matched approach provides a valuable platform for investigating the structure, biomechanics and composition of complex heterogeneous systems. A combined Brillouin‐Raman device has potential for in‐vivo diagnosis of pathology.
First application of site‐matched micro Brillouin, Raman and FTIR spectroscopic imaging to epithelial tissue in Barrett's oesophagusmagnified imageFirst application of site‐matched micro Brillouin, Raman and FTIR spectroscopic imaging to epithelial tissue in Barrett's oesophagus
Bioactive vapor deposited calcium‐phosphate silica sol–gel particles for directing osteoblast behavior
Authors: Snyder Katherine L. , Holmes Hallie R. , McCarthy Connor , Rajachar Rupak M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSilica‐based materials are being developed and used for a variety of applications in orthopedic tissue engineering. In this work, we characterize the ability of a novel silica sol vapor deposition system to quickly modify biomaterial substrates and modulate surface hydrophobicity, surface topography, and composition. We were able to show that surface hydrophobicity, surface roughness, and composition could be rapidly modified. The compositional modification was directed towards generating apatitic‐like surface mineral compositions (Ca/P ratios ∼1.30). Modified substrates were also capable of altering cell proliferation and differentiation behavior of preosteoblasts (MC3T3) and showed potential once optimized to provide a simple means to generate osteo‐conductive substrates for tissue engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2135–2148, 2016.
Augmenting the bioactivity of polyetheretherketone using a novel accelerated neutral atom beam technique
Authors: Ajami S. , Coathup M. J. , Khoury J. , Blunn G. W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSummaryPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an alternative to metallic implants in orthopedic applications; however, PEEK is bioinert and does not osteointegrate. In this study, an accelerated neutral atom beam technique (ANAB) was employed to improve the bioactivity of PEEK. The aim was to investigate the growth of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), human osteoblasts (hOB), and skin fibroblasts (BR3G) on PEEK and ANAB PEEK.MethodsThe surface roughness and contact angle of PEEK and ANAB PEEK was measured. Cell metabolic activity, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was measured and cell attachment was determined by quantifying adhesion plaques with cells.ResultsANAB treatment increased the surface hydrophilicity [91.74 ± 4.80° (PEEK) vs. 74.82 ± 2.70° (ANAB PEEK), p < 0.001] but did not alter the surface roughness. Metabolic activity and proliferation for all cell types significantly increased on ANAB PEEK compared to PEEK (p < 0.05). Significantly increased cell attachment was measured on ANAB PEEK surfaces. MSCs seeded on ANAB PEEK in the presence of osteogenic media, expressed increased levels of ALP compared to untreated PEEK (p < 0.05)ConclusionOur results demonstrated that ANAB treatment increased the cell attachment, metabolic activity, and proliferation on PEEK. ANAB treatment may improve the osteointegration of PEEK implants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1438–1446, 2017.
Chemistry‐driven structural alterations in short‐term retrieved ceramic‐on‐metal hip implants: Evidence for in vivo incompatibility between ceramic and metal counterparts
Authors: Zhu Wenliang , Pezzotti Giuseppe , Boffelli Marco , Chotanaphuti Thanainit , Khuangsirikul Saradej , Sugano Nobuhiko 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCeramic‐on‐metal (CoM) hip implants were reported to experience lower wear rates in vitro as compared to metal‐on‐metal (MoM) bearings, thus hinting metal‐ion release at lower levels in vivo. In this article, we show a spectroscopic study of two short‐term retrieval cases of zirconia‐toughened alumina (ZTA) femoral heads belonging to CoM hip prostheses, which instead showed poor wear performances in vivo. Metal contamination and abnormally high fractions of tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic (t→m) polymorphic transformation of the zirconia phase could be found on both ZTA heads, which contrasted with the optimistic predictions of in vitro experiments. At the molecular scale, incorporation of metal ions into the ceramic lattices could be recognized as due to frictionally assisted phenomena occurring at the ceramic surface. Driven by abnormal friction, diffusion of metal ions induced lattice shrinkage in the zirconia phases, while residual stress fields became stored at the surface of the femoral head. Diffusional alterations destabilized the chemistry of the ceramic surface and resulted in an abnormal increase in t→m phase transformation in vivo. Frictionally driven metal transfer to the ceramic lattice thus hinders the in vivo performance of CoM prostheses. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1469–1480, 2017.
Setup of a Protocol of Molecular Diagnosis of β‐Thalassemia Mutations in Tunisia using Denaturing High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC)
Authors: Sahli Chaima Abdelhafidh , Ben Salem Ikbel , Jouini Latifa , Laouini Naouel , Dabboubi Rym , Hadj Fredj Sondes , Siala Hajer , Othmeni Rym , Dakhlaoui Boutheina , Fattoum Slaheddine , Bibi Amina , Messaoud Taieb 
Published: April 2016

Backgroundsβ‐Thalassemia is one of the most prevalent worldwide autosomal recessive disorders. It presents a great molecular heterogeneity resulting from more than 200 causative mutations in the β‐globin gene. In Tunisia, β‐thalassemia represents the most prevalent monogenic hemoglobin disorder with 2.21% of carriers. Efficient and reliable mutation‐screening methods are essential in order to establish appropriate prevention programs for at risk couples. The aim of the present study is to develop an efficient method based on the denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) in which the whole β‐globin gene (HBB) is screened for mutations covering about 90% of the spectrum.MethodsWe have performed the validation of a DHPLC assay for direct genotyping of 11 known β‐thalassemia mutations in the Tunisian population.ResultsDHPLC assay was established based on the analysis of 62 archival β‐thalassemia samples previously genotyped then validated with full concordance on 50 tests with blind randomized samples previously genotyped with DNA sequencing and with 96% of consistency on 40 samples as a prospective study.ConclusionCompared to other genotyping techniques, the DHPLC method can meet the requirements of direct genotyping of known β‐thalassemia mutations in Tunisia and to be applied as a powerful tool for the genetic screening of prenatal and postnatal individuals.