bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposta de Criação de uma Coleção de Vertebrados Taxidermizados como Modelo para Atividades de Ensino
Authors: De Andrade Luciana Paes , Victório Cristiane Fratini 
Published: May 2016

<p>Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de material didático para auxiliar o desenvolvimento de atividades de licenciatura dos acadêmicos da Universidade Anhanguera-Uniderp, na área de Biologia. O material é constituído por animais vertebrados taxidermizados, que poderão facilitar a aprendizagem de alunos das escolas públicas dos ensinos fundamental e médio, nas disciplinas de Ciências e Biologia. Foram aplicados métodos simples para a confecção do material, porém com excelente resultado, conforme encontrado na literatura acerca dessa atividade, que também poderão ser manuseados e utilizados pelos acadêmicos da própria instituição em suas aulas práticas. Esse material poderá despertar o<br />interesse do aluno ao realizar atividades lúdicas diferentes das quais ele está habituado no seu cotidiano, estimulando-o a estudar o conteúdo ministrado durante as aulas práticas e teóricas. Considerando-se que a confecção das peças apresenta custo baixo e que o material provém de doações, deve-se pensar também na utilização desses materiais em escolas públicas, como parte das ferramentas de apoio. No entanto, deve-se lembrar de que a contextualização precisa ser empregada em conjunto com tais materiais. É necessária ainda a aplicação real desses materiais em sala de aula, para que se possa avaliar os impactos positivos e/ou negativos junto aos alunos.</p>
Avaliação da aprendizagem na escola organizada em ciclos: concepções dos professores
Authors: Lara Viridiana Alves de , Brandalise Mary Ângela Teixeira 
Published: May 2016

<p>Neste artigo, são apresentados os resultados de uma pesquisa que objetivou investigar as concepções de professores que atuam em escolas públicas de uma rede municipal organizada em ciclos acerca da avaliação da aprendizagem. A implantação do ciclo de aprendizagem no sistema de ensino definiu a progressão automática e a implantação da avaliação formativa para a aprendizagem dos alunos. Os depoimentos dos professores coletados nas entrevistas foram analisados segundo a metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e os principais achados da pesquisa evidenciam que a nova concepção de educação, organização escolar e avaliação, (re)construída ao longo de mais uma década, contribui para os professores compreenderem a avaliação da aprendizagem de outra perspectiva, com processos avaliativos mais formativos e inclusivos, na tentativa de superação da concepção de avaliação classificatória e excludente, tão impregnada atualmente nos sistemas educacionais.</p><p> </p>
Normatividad que rige la investigación clínica en seres humanos y requisitos que debe cumplir un centro de investigación para participar en un estudio clínico en México
Authors: López-Pacheco M C , Pimentel-Hernández C , Rivas-Mirelles E , Arredondo- García J L 
Published: May 2016

Revisión de los principios científicos, éticos y regulatorios nacionales e internacionales aplicables para conducir estudios clínicos en México, con especial interés en las atribuciones de regulación, control y fomento sanitarios conforme a la Ley General de Salud y a través de la Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios. Se recopilan los pasos y requisitos que deben cumplir un investigador principal y un centro de investigación para participar en la conducción de estudios clínicos multicéntricos, multirregionales, con financiamientos federales o privados.
Geographic extent and variation of a coral reef trophic cascade
Authors: McClanahan T. R. , Muthiga N. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTrophic cascades caused by a reduction in predators of sea urchins have been reported in Indian Ocean and Caribbean coral reefs. Previous studies have been constrained by their site‐specific nature and limited spatial replication, which has produced site and species‐specific understanding that can potentially preclude larger community‐organization nuances and generalizations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the extent and variability of the cascade community in response to fishing across ~23° of latitude and longitude in coral reefs in the southwestern Indian Ocean. The taxonomic composition of predators of sea urchins, the sea urchin community itself, and potential effects of changing grazer abundance on the calcifying benthic organisms were studied in 171 unique coral reef sites. We found that geography and habitat were less important than the predator–prey relationships. There were seven sea urchin community clusters that aligned with a gradient of declining fishable biomass and the abundance of a key predator, the orange‐lined triggerfish (Balistapus undulatus). The orange‐lined triggerfish dominated where sea urchin numbers and diversity were low but the relative abundance of wrasses and emperors increased where sea urchin numbers were high. Two‐thirds of the study sites had high sea urchin biomass (>2,300 kg/ha) and could be dominated by four different sea urchin species, Echinothrix diadema, Diadema savignyi, D. setosum, and Echinometra mathaei, depending on the community of sea urchin predators, geographic location, and water depth. One‐third of the sites had low sea urchin biomass and diversity and were typified by high fish biomass, predators of sea urchins, and herbivore abundance, representing lightly fished communities with generally higher cover of calcifying algae. Calcifying algal cover was associated with low urchin abundance where as noncalcifying fleshy algal cover was not clearly associated with herbivore abundance. Fishing of the orange‐lined triggerfish, an uncommon, slow‐growing by‐catch species with little monetary value drives the cascade and other predators appear unable to replace its ecological role in the presence of fishing. This suggests that restrictions on the catch of this species could increase the calcification service of coral reefs on a broad scale.
Higher β‐diversity observed for herbs over woody plants is driven by stronger habitat filtering in a tropical understory
Authors: Murphy Stephen J. , Salpeter Kara , Comita Liza S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHerbaceous plants are a key component of tropical forests. Previous work indicates that herbs contribute substantially to the species richness of tropical plant communities. However, the processes structuring tropical herb diversity, and how they contrast with woody communities, have been underexplored. Within the understory of a 50‐ha forest dynamics plot in central Panama, we compared the diversity, distribution, and abundance of vascular herbaceous plants with woody seedlings (i.e., tree and lianas <1 cm DBH and ≥20 cm tall). Beta‐diversity was calculated for each community using a null model approach. We then assessed the similarity in alpha and beta‐diversity among herbs, tree seedlings, and liana seedlings. Strengths of habitat associations were measured using permutational ANOVA among topographic habitat‐types. Variance partitioning was then used to quantify the amount of variation in species richness and composition explained by spatial and environmental variables (i.e., topography, soils, and shade) for each growth form. Species richness and diversity were highest for tree seedlings, followed by liana seedlings and then herbs. In contrast, beta‐diversity was 16–127% higher for herbs compared to woody seedlings, indicating higher spatial variation in this stratum. We observed no correlation between local richness or compositional uniqueness of herbs and woody seedlings across sites, indicating that different processes control the spatial patterns of woody and herbaceous diversity and composition. Habitat associations were strongest for herbs, as indicated by greater compositional dissimilarity among habitat types. Likewise, environmental variables explained a larger proportion of the variation in species richness and composition for herbs than for woody seedlings (richness = 25%, 14%, 12%; composition = 25%, 9%, 6%, for herbs, trees, and lianas, respectively). These differences between strata did not appear to be due to differences in lifespan alone, based on data from adult trees. Our results point to contrasting assembly mechanisms for herbaceous and woody communities, with herbs showing stronger niche‐derived structure. Future research on tropical herbaceous communities is likely to yield new insights into the many processes structuring diverse plant communities.
Synbiotic supplementation promotes improvement of chronic diarrhea of unknown etiology in patient with chronic kidney disease and provides better outcomes in dialysis
Authors: Alvarenga Borges Natalia , Elias Farage Najla , Faria Barros Amanda , Carvalho Ferreira Dennis , Fouque Denis , Mafrea Denise 
Published: May 2016

Introducción: los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) a menudo tienen síntomas gastrointestinales que pueden provocar desnutrición y un impacto negativo en su calidad de vida. La modulación de la microbiota intestinal puede ser una estrategia para promover la salud del huésped y la homeostasis.Caso clínico: los autores presentan un caso de diarrea crónica de etiología desconocida en un paciente en hemodiálisis (HD). Después de varias intervenciones fallidas durante un año, se realizó el tratamiento simbiótico. Los episodios de diarrea cesaron después de tres meses de la suplementación diaria y ambos parámetros bioquímicos y nutricionales mejoraron. La terapia con simbióticos promovió beneficios clínicos para este paciente.Discusión: por lo tanto, esta sencilla terapia puede ser una alternativa prometedora en la ERC y debe ser probada en estudios más amplios.
WIYN OPEN CLUSTER STUDY. LXXI. SPECTROSCOPIC MEMBERSHIP AND ORBITS OF NGC 6791 SUB-SUBGIANTS
Authors: Milliman Katelyn E. , Leiner Emily , Mathieu Robert D. , Tofflemire Benjamin M. , Platais Imants 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
In an optical color–magnitude diagram, sub-subgiants (SSGs) lie redward of the main sequence and fainter than the base of the red giant branch in a region not easily populated by standard stellar-evolution pathways. In this paper, we present multi-epoch radial velocities for five SSG candidates in the old and metal-rich open cluster NGC 6791 (8 Gyr, [Fe/H] = +0.30). From these data, we are able to make three-dimensional kinematic membership determinations and confirm four SSG candidates as likely cluster members. We also identify three member SSGs as short-period binary systems and present their orbital solutions. These are the first SSGs with known three-dimensional kinematic membership, binary status, and orbital parameters since the two SSGs in M67 studied by Mathieu et al. We also remark on the other properties of these stars including photometric variability, Hα emission, and X-ray luminosity. The membership confirmation of these SSGs in NGC 6791 strengthens the case that SSGs are a new class of nonstandard stellar evolution products, and that a physical mechanism must be found that explains the evolutionary paths of these stars.
ACHIEVING CONSISTENT DOPPLER MEASUREMENTS FROM SDO/HMI VECTOR FIELD INVERSIONS
Authors: Schuck Peter W. , Antiochos S. K. , Leka K. D. , Barnes Graham 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory is delivering vector magnetic field observations of the full solar disk with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution; however, the satellite is in a highly inclined geosynchronous orbit. The relative spacecraft–Sun velocity varies by ±3 km s−1 over a day, which introduces major orbital artifacts in the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) data. We demonstrate that the orbital artifacts contaminate all spatial and temporal scales in the data. We describe a newly developed three-stage procedure for mitigating these artifacts in the Doppler data obtained from the Milne–Eddington inversions in the HMI pipeline. The procedure ultimately uses 32 velocity-dependent coefficients to adjust 10 million pixels—a remarkably sparse correction model given the complexity of the orbital artifacts. This procedure was applied to full-disk images of AR 11084 to produce consistent Dopplergrams. The data adjustments reduce the power in the orbital artifacts by 31 dB. Furthermore, we analyze in detail the corrected images and show that our procedure greatly improves the temporal and spectral properties of the data without adding any new artifacts. We conclude that this new procedure makes a dramatic improvement in the consistency of the HMI data and in its usefulness for precision scientific studies.
THE MOST BOUND HALO PARTICLE–GALAXY CORRESPONDENCE MODEL: COMPARISON BETWEEN MODELS WITH DIFFERENT MERGER TIMESCALES
Authors: Hong Sungwook E. , Park Changbom , Kim Juhan 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We develop a galaxy assignment scheme that populates dark matter halos with galaxies by tracing the most bound member particles (MBPs) of simulated halos. Several merger timescale models based on analytic calculations and numerical simulations are adopted as the survival times of mock satellite galaxies. We build mock galaxy samples from halo merger data of the Horizon Run 4 N-body simulation from z = 12–0. We compare group properties and two-point correlation functions (2pCFs) of mock galaxies with those of volume-limited SDSS galaxies, with r-band absolute magnitudes of

and −20 at z = 0. It is found that the MBP-galaxy correspondence scheme reproduces the observed population of SDSS galaxies in massive galaxy groups (

) and the small-scale 2pCF (

) quite well for the majority of the merger timescale models adopted. The new scheme outperforms the previous subhalo-galaxy correspondence scheme by more than 2σ.
INFRARED SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION DECOMPOSITION OF WISE-SELECTED, HYPERLUMINOUS HOT DUST-OBSCURED GALAXIES
Authors: Fan(范璐璐) Lulu , Han(韩云坤) Yunkun , Nikutta Robert , Drouart Guillaume , Knudsen Kirsten K. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We utilize a Bayesian approach to fit the observed mid-IR-to-submillimeter/millimeter spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 22 WISE-selected and submillimeter-detected, hyperluminous hot dust-obscured galaxies (Hot DOGs), with spectroscopic redshift ranging from 1.7 to 4.6. We compare the Bayesian evidence of a torus plusgraybody (Torus+GB) model with that of a torus-only (Torus) model and find that the Torus+GB model has higher Bayesian evidence for all 22 Hot DOGs than the torus-only model, which presents strong evidence in favor of the Torus+GB model. By adopting the Torus+GB model, we decompose the observed IR SEDs of Hot DOGs into torus and cold dust components. The main results are as follows. (1) Hot DOGs in our submillimeter-detected sample are hyperluminous (

), with torus emission dominating the IR energy output. However, cold dust emission is non-negligible, contributing on average

of total IR luminosity. (2) Compared to QSO and starburst SED templates, the median SED of Hot DOGs shows the highest luminosity ratio between mid-IR and submillimeter at rest frame, while it is very similar to that of QSOs at

, suggesting that the heating sources of Hot DOGs should be buried AGNs. (3) Hot DOGs have high dust temperatures (

K) and high IR luminosity of cold dust. The

relation of Hot DOGs suggests that the increase in IR luminosity for Hot DOGs is mostly due to the increase of the dust temperature, rather than dust mass. Hot DOGs have lower dust masses than submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) and QSOs within a similar redshift range. Both high IR luminosity of cold dust and relatively low dust mass in Hot DOGs can be expected by their relatively high dust temperatures. (4) Hot DOGs have high dust-covering factors (CFs), which deviate from the previously proposed trend of the dust CF decreasing with increasing bolometric luminosity. Finally, we can reproduce the observed properties in Hot DOGs by employing a physical model of galaxy evolution. This result suggests that Hot DOGs may lie at or close to peaks of both star formation and black hole growth histories, and represent a transit phase during the evolutions of massive galaxies, transforming them from the dusty starburst-dominated phase to the optically bright QSO phase.
PARAMETRIC STUDY OF THE ROSSBY WAVE INSTABILITY IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL BAROTROPIC DISK
Authors: Ono Tomohiro , Muto Takayuki , Takeuchi Taku , Nomura Hideko 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Protoplanetary disks with non-axisymmetric structures have been observed. The Rossby wave instability (RWI) is considered as one of the origins of the non-axisymmetric structures. We perform linear stability analyses of the RWI in barotropic flow using four representative types of the background flow on a wide parameter space. We find that the co-rotation radius is located at the background vortensity minimum with large concavity if the system is marginally stable to the RWI, and this allows us to easily check the stability against the RWI. We newly derive the necessary and sufficient condition for the onset of the RWI in semi-analytic form. We discuss the applicability of the new condition in realistic systems and the physical nature of the RWI.
THE INFLUENCE OF OUTFLOW IN SUPERCRITICAL ACCRETION FLOWS
Authors: Zeraatgari Fatemeh Zahra , Abbassi Shahram , Mosallanezhad Amin 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We solve the radiation-hydrodynamic equations of supercritical accretion flows in the presence of radiation force and outflow by using self-similar solutions. Similar to the pioneering works, in this paper we consider a power-law function for mass inflow rate as

. We found that s = 1 when the radiative cooling term is included in the energy equation. Correspondingly, the effective temperature profile with respect to the radius was obtained as

. In addition, we investigated the influence of the outflow on the dynamics of the accretion flow. We also calculated the continuum spectrum emitted from the disk surface as well as the bolometric luminosity of the accretion flow. Furthermore, our results show that the advection parameter, f, depends strongly on mass inflow rate.
MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF THE DISSOCIATIVE MERGER IN THE GALAXY CLUSTER CIZA J0107.7+5408
Authors: Randall S. W. , Clarke T. E. , Weeren R. J. van , Intema H. T. , Dawson W. A. , Mroczkowski T. , Blanton E. L. , Bulbul E. , Giacintucci S. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We present results based on X-ray, optical, and radio observations of the massive galaxy cluster CIZA J0107.7+5408. We find that this system is a post-core-passage, dissociative, binary merger, with the optical galaxy density peaks of each subcluster leading their associated X-ray emission peaks. This separation occurs because the diffuse gas experiences ram pressure forces, while the effectively collisionless galaxies (and presumably their associated dark matter (DM) halos) do not. This system contains double-peaked diffuse radio emission, possibly a double radio relic with the relics lying along the merger axis and also leading the X-ray cores. We find evidence for a temperature peak associated with the SW relic, likely created by the same merger shock that is powering the relic radio emission in this region. Thus, this system is a relatively rare, clean example of a dissociative binary merger, which can in principle be used to place constraints on the self-interaction cross-section of DM. Low-frequency radio observations reveal ultra-steep spectrum diffuse radio emission that is not correlated with the X-ray, optical, or high-frequency radio emission. We suggest that these sources are radio phoenixes, which are preexisting non-thermal particle populations that have been re-energized through adiabatic compression by the same merger shocks that power the radio relics. Finally, we place upper limits on inverse Compton emission from the SW radio relic.
CHANDRA COUNTERPARTS OF CANDELS GOODS-S SOURCES
Authors: Cappelluti N. , Comastri A. , Fontana A. , Zamorani G. , Amorin R. , Castellano M. , Merlin E. , Santini P. , Elbaz D. , Schreiber C. , Shu X. , Wang T. , Dunlop J. S. , Bourne N. , Bruce V. A. , Buitrago F. , Michałowski Michał J. , Derriere S. , Ferguson H. C. , Faber S. M. , Vito F. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Improving the capabilities of detecting faint X-ray sources is fundamental for increasing the statistics on faint high-z active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and star-forming galaxies (SFGs). We performed a simultaneous maximum likelihood point-spread function fit in the [0.5–2] keV and [2–7] keV energy bands of the 4 Ms Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) data at the position of the 34,930 CANDELS H-band selected galaxies. For each detected source we provide X-ray photometry and optical counterpart validation. We validated this technique by means of a ray-tracing simulation. We detected a total of 698 X-ray point sources with a likelihood

(i.e., >2.7σ). We show that prior knowledge of a deep sample of optical–NIR galaxies leads to a significant increase in the detection of faint (i.e., ∼10−17 cgs in the [0.5–2] keV band) sources with respect to “blind” X-ray detections. By including previous X-ray catalogs, this work increases the total number of X-ray sources detected in the 4 Ms CDFS, CANDELS area to 793, which represents the largest sample of extremely faint X-ray sources assembled to date. Our results suggest that a large fraction of the optical counterparts of our X-ray sources determined by likelihood ratio actually coincides with the priors used for the source detection. Most of the new detected sources are likely SFGs or faint, absorbed AGNs. We identified a few sources with putative photometric redshift z > 4. Despite the low number statistics and the uncertainties on the photo z, this sample significantly increases the number of X-ray-selected candidate high-z AGNs.
SIMULATIONS OF THE PAIRWISE KINEMATIC SUNYAEV–ZEL’DOVICH SIGNAL
Authors: Flender Samuel , Bleem Lindsey , Finkel Hal , Habib Salman , Heitmann Katrin , Holder Gilbert 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The pairwise kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) signal from galaxy clusters is a probe of their line of sight momenta, and thus a potentially valuable source of cosmological information. In addition to the momenta, the amplitude of the measured signal depends on the properties of the intracluster gas and observational limitations such as errors in determining cluster centers and redshifts. In this work, we simulate the pairwise kSZ signal of clusters at

, using the output from a cosmological N-body simulation and including the properties of the intracluster gas via a model that can be varied in post-processing. We find that modifications to the gas profile due to star formation and feedback reduce the pairwise kSZ amplitude of clusters by

, relative to the naive “gas traces mass” assumption. We demonstrate that miscentering can reduce the overall amplitude of the pairwise kSZ signal by up to 10%, while redshift errors can lead to an almost complete suppression of the signal at small separations. We confirm that a high-significance detection is expected from the combination of data from current generation, high-resolution cosmic microwave background experiments, such as the South Pole Telescope, and cluster samples from optical photometric surveys, such as the Dark Energy Survey. Furthermore, we forecast that future experiments such as Advanced ACTPol in conjunction with data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument will yield detection significances of at least

, and up to

in an optimistic scenario. Our simulated maps are publicly available at http://www.hep.anl.gov/cosmology/ksz.html.