bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) genome using a Hi-C-based Proximity-Guided Assembly method
Authors: Peichel Catherine L. , Sullivan Shawn T. , Liachko Ivan , White Michael A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractScaffolding genomes into complete chromosome assemblies remains challenging even with the rapidly increasing sequence coverage generated by current next-generation sequence technologies. Even with scaffolding information, many genome assemblies remain incomplete. The genome of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a fish model system in evolutionary genetics and genomics, is not completely assembled despite scaffolding with high-density linkage maps. Here, we first test the ability of a Hi-C based proximity guided assembly to perform ade novogenome assembly from relatively short contigs. Using Hi-C based proximity guided assembly, we generated complete chromosome assemblies from 50 kb contigs. We found that 98.99% of contigs were correctly assigned to linkage groups, with ordering nearly identical to the previous genome assembly. Using available BAC end sequences, we provide evidence that some of the few discrepancies between the Hi-C assembly and the existing assembly are due to structural variation between the populations used for the two assemblies or errors in the existing assembly. This Hi-C assembly also allowed us to improve the existing assembly, assigning over 60% (13.35 Mb) of the previously unassigned (∼21.7 Mb) contigs to linkage groups. Together, our results highlight the potential of the Hi-C based proximity guided assembly method to be used in combination with short read data to perform relatively inexpensivede novogenome assemblies. This approach will be particularly useful in organisms in which it is difficult to perform linkage mapping or to obtain high molecular weight DNA required for other scaffolding methods.
Compensation masks trophic cascades in complex food webs
Authors: Fahimipour Ashkaan K , Anderson Kurt E , Williams Richard J 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEcological networks, or food webs, describe the feeding relationships between interacting species within an ecosystem. Understanding how the complexity of these networks influences their response to changing top-down control is a central challenge in ecology. Here, we provide a model-based investigation oftrophic cascades‒ an oft-studied ecological phenomenon that occurs when changes in the biomass of top predators indirectly effect changes in the biomass of primary producers ‒ in complex food webs that are representative of the structure of real ecosystems. Our results reveal that strong cascades occur primarily in low richness and weakly connected food webs, a result in agreement with some prior predictions. The primary mechanism underlying weak or absent cascades was a strong compensatory response; in most webs predators induced large population level cascades that were masked by changes in the opposite direction by other species in the same trophic guild. Thus, the search for a general theory of trophic cascades in food webs should focus on uncovering features of real ecosystems that promote biomass compensation within functional guilds or trophic levels.
Designing an online learning environment on Open Educational Resources for science education
Authors: Karunanayaka Shironica , Fernando Chandana , de Silva Vajira 
Published: August 2016

The concept of Open Educational Resources (OER) is a major breakthrough in education, which promotes sharing, adaptation and contextualisation of course content. Promotion of using OER can be very cost effective, since development of new course content would be both expensive and time consuming. However, awareness raising and capacity building of teachers and learners is crucial, in order to exploit the full potential of OER.The Faculty of Education at the Open University of Sri Lanka, initiated a research project to create an Online Learning Environment (OLE) on OER for science education, witha view to raise awareness, develop competencies and enhance adapting, adoption and creation of OER by teachers. This is developed in Moodle Learning Management System, as a supplementary material for science teachers enrolled in a distance mode professional development programme. The research team, together with a group of science teachers and teacher educators, who are their students, is engaged in this action research conducted in several stages: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. This paper discusses the first three stages, concerning the following objectives: to identify sources of OER for science education, to make key design decisions of the OLE, and to design and develop the OLE on OER for science education.The analysis of need, learner, task and context, resulted in making decisions on information, instruction, interaction and interface design. Some initial design decisions are: Structuring of information on finding, using and creating OER related to teaching science, while making it relevant and meaningful for teachers; Use of exploratory instructional strategies enabling teachers to select OER; Incorporate frequent interactions encouraging teachers to adopt, adapt, create and share OER; and Use of different media elements to make the visual layout motivating. A prototype will be pilot tested with science teachers with a view to revise and improve the OLE on OER. Allowing student teachers/teacher educators to work collaboratively with their instructors, as a team, enable both parties to face challenges together, in this novel experience of designing and developing an OLE on OER.
PCB welding spot detection with image processing method based on automatic threshold image segmentation algorithm and mathematical morphology
Authors: Wang Shi yuan , Zhao Yang , Wen Liuying 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
To enhance the detection efficiency of printed circuit board (PCB) soldered dot, this study aims to detect PCB soldered dot with image processing method.

Design/methodology/approach
Through a series of image processing algorithms, threshold segmentation and feature extraction of the solder joint images were completed; then, sphericity was confirmed based on the area and perimeter, as well as the shape parameter and eccentricity ratio of the calculated region, paving the way for defect pattern recognition.

Findings
It proves that the method with high efficiency and precision can satisfy the requirements of PCB soldered dot detection.

Originality/value
This paper is original in presenting a method for PCB welding spot detection.
The politics of coaching assistant principals: exploring principal control
Authors: Lochmiller Chad R. , Karnopp Jennifer R 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore how school principals influenced or controlled leadership coaches working with assistant principals in urban secondary schools.

Design/methodology/approach
– This longitudinal qualitative case study drew upon semi-structured interviews and program documents obtained from participants in a university-based leadership coaching program across three academic years. The study included 22 total participants, including ten assistant principals, nine leadership coaches, and three program staff.

Findings
– A thematic analysis of the data produced three themes. First, principals controlled coaches’ work with assistant principals both directly and indirectly. Second, the extent of principal control influenced how coaches developed a confidential relationship with the assistant principals and what strategies they used to preserve the confidential nature of the coaching relationship. Third, the focus of the coaching support evolved in response to the assignment of responsibilities and duties to the assistant principals, which were largely outside the assistant principal and leadership coach’s control. The absence of alignment between coaching priorities and leadership responsibilities frustrated coaches.

Originality/value
– The findings from this study make two significant empirical contributions to the literature. First, the study provides critical new insights about the extent to which politics generated by principals and administrative teams may influence the work of leadership coaches. Second, the study contributes to the sparse literature about leadership coaching for assistant principals, particularly those working in secondary school settings in the USA.
Two sides to the evasion
Authors: Elert Niklas , Henrekson Magnus , Wernberg Joakim 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– Evasive entrepreneurs innovate by circumventing or disrupting existing formal institutional frameworks. Since such evasions rarely go unnoticed, they usually lead to responses from lawmakers and regulators. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach– The authors introduce a conceptual model to illustrate and map the interdependencey between evasive entrepreneurship and the regulatory response it provokes. The authors apply this framework to the case of the file sharing platform The Pirate Bay, a venture with a number of clearly innovative and evasive features.Findings– The platform was a radical, widely applied innovation that transformed the internet landscape, yet its founders became convicted criminals because of it.Originality/value– Applying the evasive entrepreneurship framework to this case improves the understanding of the relationship between policymaking and entrepreneurship in the digital age, and is a first step toward exploring best responses for regulators facing evasive entrepreneurship.
Unproductive entrepreneurship in US military contracting
Authors: Coyne Christopher J. , Michaluk Courtney , Reese Rachel 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– US military contracting has been plagued by systematic corruption, fraud, and waste during both times of peace and war. These outcomes result from the inherent features of the US military sector which incentivize unproductive entrepreneurship. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Drawing on the insights of Baumol (1990) as their base theoretical framework, the authors explore how the industrial organization of the US military sector creates incentives for unproductive entrepreneurship. Evidence from US government reports regarding US efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq is provided to illustrate the central claims.Findings– The military sector is characterized by an entangled network of government bureaus and private firms whose existence is dependent on continued government spending. These realities, coupled with a dysfunctional procurement processes, reward unproductive behaviors during peacetime. During wartime these incentives are intensified, as significant emergency resources are injected into an already defective contracting system. The recent experiences in Afghanistan and Iraq illustrate these dynamics.Originality/value– The authors make three main contributions. First, contrary to common treatments by economists, much military spending fails to meet the definition of a public good. Second, waste, fraud, and abuse in military contracting is a result of rules and the incentives those rules create. Third, the only way to change the situation is to change the overarching rules governing the people operating in the military sector.
Knowledge management implementation in Indian automobile ancillary industries
Authors: Patil Nitin Yashwant , Warkhedkar Ravi M. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
In the past decade, much has been written about knowledge management (KM) in the manufacturing; however, less attention has been paid to the Indian automobile ancillary industries located in Chinchwad, Pune. It is suitable to find out the relationship of the factors of the study. It helps in identifying the hierarchy of factors to be taken, and interlinking of production department with KM improves the productivity of the industries. Categorization of these principles based on their driving power (principles which hold other principles) and dependence (principles which are dependent on other principles) has also been examined for KM implementation to study the driving power and dependence power of these principles. This paper aims to determine the roadmap of KM implementation and categorize KM principles based on their driving power for manufacturing industries with the use of the interpretive structural modeling (ISM)-based model. The results indicate that the principles possessing higher driving power, such as KM, inventory control, quality control, productivity and scheduling and their interlinking. The major contribution of this research lies in the development of contextual relationship among various identified factors of KM and determination of their driving and dependence power through a single systemic framework.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, author find out the suitability ISM for Indian Automobile industries to find the relation among the variables.

Findings
ISM model has been developed for the hierarchy of the identified KM. As ISM model results a hypothetical hierarchy which needs a proper quantitative analysis to evaluate their percentage effectiveness in the hierarchy.

Research limitations/implications
It is applied to automobile industries with limited number of variables that will show the dependence variable and driving variables and their interrelations. It can be applied other fields to fine the relationship of variables.

Practical implications
The ISM may be used in supply chain management and total quality management to find interlinking between the variables.

Originality/value
The limited data collected from Pimpri Chinchwad industrial area of Pune from Maharashtra state (India).
Barren‐ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) behaviour after recent fire events; integrating caribou telemetry data with Landsat fire detection techniques
Authors: Rickbeil Gregory J. M. , Hermosilla Txomin , Coops Nicholas C. , White Joanne C. , Wulder Michael A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFire regimes are changing throughout the North American boreal forest in complex ways. Fire is also a major factor governing access to high‐quality forage such as terricholous lichens for barren‐ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus). Additionally, fire alters forest structure which can affect barren‐ground caribou's ability to navigate in a landscape. Here, we characterize how the size and severity of fires are changing across five barren‐ground caribou herd ranges in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada. Additionally, we demonstrate how time since fire, fire severity, and season result in complex changes in caribou behavioural metrics estimated using telemetry data. Fire disturbances were identified using novel gap‐free Landsat surface reflectance composites from 1985 to 2011 across all herd ranges. Burn severity was estimated using the differenced normalized burn ratio. Annual area burned and burn severity were assessed through time for each herd and related to two behavioural metrics: velocity and relative turning angle. Neither annual area burned nor burn severity displayed any temporal trend within the study period. However, certain herds, such as the Ahiak/Beverly, have more exposure to fire than other herds (i.e. Cape Bathurst had a maximum forested area burned of less than 4 km2). Time since fire and burn severity both significantly affected velocity and relative turning angles. During fall, winter, and spring, fire virtually eliminated foraging‐focused behaviour for all 26 years of analysis while more severe fires resulted in a marked increase in movement‐focused behaviour compared to unburnt patches. Between seasons, caribou used burned areas as early as 1‐year postfire, demonstrating complex, nonlinear reactions to time since fire, fire severity, and season. In all cases, increases in movement‐focused behaviour were detected postfire. We conclude that changes in caribou behaviour immediately postfire are primarily driven by changes in forest structure rather than changes in terricholous lichen availability.
Spatial distribution modelling reveals climatically suitable areas for bumblebees in undersampled parts of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Penado Andreia , Rebelo Hugo , Goulson Dave 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

The Iberian Peninsula supports a high diversity of bumblebees, with 38 species all of which are at or near the south‐western edge of their range. We might expect them to be threatened by climate change, but their distributions within Iberia are poorly documented.
In this study, we examine the climatic conditions that explain the distribution of Iberian bumblebees. Species distribution models (SDMs) were built using a presence‐only technique (Maxent), incorporating presence data of Iberian bumblebees (initially 5795 records for 38 species) with seven climatic variables.
We observed that: (i) mountain regions were highlighted as rich in species (bumblebee hot spots); (ii) rare species are climatic specialist species that mainly inhabit mountain regions; (iii) common species are more tolerant of a broader range of climates, notably of higher temperatures; (iv) some areas of Iberia are largely undersampled, including areas predicted to support high bumblebee diversity.
We identify areas where targeted searches may reveal undiscovered populations of rare bumblebee species. Obtaining a good knowledge of the current distribution of species is a vital first step towards devising approaches for their conservation.
The diversity of the human hair colour assessed by visual scales and instrumental measurements. A worldwide survey
Authors: Lozano I. , Saunier J. B. , Panhard S. , Loussouarn G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo study (i) the diversity of the natural colour of the human hair through both visual assessment of hair tone levels and colorimetric measurements of hair strands collected from 2057 human male and female volunteers, from 23 regions of the world and (ii) the correlation between visual assessments and colorimetric measurements.MethodsHair strands were analysed by a spectrocolorimeter under the L*, a*, b* referential system and scored in vivo by experts before sampling, through standardized visual reference scales based on a 1–10 range.ResultsResults show that from a typological aspect, black or dark brown hairs largely predominate among studied ethnic groups, whereas Caucasian or derived populations exhibit the widest palette of medium to fair shades, partly explaining some past interbreeding among populations. Instrumental measurements clearly confirm that a given colour of a pigmented hair, at the exclusion of red hairs, is mostly governed by two components, L* and b*, from the L*, a*, b* reference system.ConclusionThe comparisons between visual assessments and instrumental data show that these appear closely linked. Darker hairs show close or subtle variations in L*, a*, b* parameters, making their individual colour differentiation calling for technical improvements in colorimetric measurements. The latter are likely governed by other physical factors such as shape, diameter and shine.
Spectral Analysis of Baseline Electrocardiogram During Atrial Fibrillation Predicts Response to Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: STAVRAKIS STAVROS , DYER JOHN W. , KOOMSON EDWARD , SCHERLAG BENJAMIN J. , BHARDWAJ BHASKAR , LAZZARA RALPH , PO SUNNY S. 
Published: August 2016

Spectral Analysis of Baseline ElectrocardiogramBackgroundWe evaluated the ability of spectral analysis of the baseline ECG during atrial fibrillation (AF) to predict the response of persistent AF to antiarrhythmic drug therapy.MethodsPatients with persistent AF who were admitted for dofetilide loading were prospectively enrolled in the study. Atrial activity was extracted from the ECG using an Independent Component Analysis method and then subjected to a Modified Periodogram. The regularity index was computed as the ratio of the power in the dominant frequency and all its harmonics to the total power in the spectrum. Patients were followed at 1 month, 3 months and every 3 months thereafter.ResultsOf 28 patients enrolled in the study, 14 (50%) converted acutely to sinus rhythm during the 3‐day hospital loading period. The clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients with and without acute pharmacologic conversion were similar. The regularity index was significantly higher in those who converted to sinus rhythm compared to those who did not (0.71 ± 0.20 vs. 0.38 ± 0.13, respectively; P < 0.0001). A regularity index ≥0.44 had a 79% sensitivity and 93% specificity to predict acute conversion and was associated with a nearly 5‐fold increase in the acute conversion rate (odds ratio = 4.89; 95% confidence interval 1.74–13.75; P = 0.003). The regularity index was the only independent predictor of acute conversion. Neither acute conversion, nor the regularity index predicted sinus rhythm maintenance, after a median follow‐up of 10 months.ConclusionIncreased regularity index predicts acute conversion of persistent AF during dofetilide loading, but does not predict long‐term sinus rhythm maintenance.
Pauci‐immune glomerulonephritis in a captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), and a review of spontaneous cases in animals
Authors: Neidig Lauren E. , Owston Michael A. , Ball Erin , Dick Edward J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundCrescentic glomeruli are the hallmark finding in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) and are characterized by disruption and proliferation of the glomerular capsule and an influx of cells into Bowman's space. Pauci‐immune‐type RPGN is identified by a lack of immunoglobulins and immune complexes in the glomerular basement membrane.MethodsComplete necropsy and histology were performed on the affected chimpanzee. Electron microscopy was performed on kidney sections. A search of the literature was performed to identify spontaneous RPGN in animals.ResultsWe report a case of crescentic glomerulonephritis of the pauci‐immune‐type in a hepatitis C virus‐infected 28‐year‐old male chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) who was humanely euthanized for a cardiac‐related decline in health.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first report describing pauci‐immune crescentic glomerulonephritis in a non‐human primate.