bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIZE‐FREQUENCY‐DISTRIBUTIONS OF EH3 CHONDRULES
Authors: Rubin Alan E. , Grossman Jeffrey N. 
Published: December 2015

The size‐frequency‐distributions of different chondrule types in the Qingzhen, Kota‐Kota and Allan Hills A77156 EH3 chondrites were determined by petrographic analysis of thin sections and, in the case of Qingzhen, by examination of large separated chondrules. EH chondrules are considerably smaller than L and LL chondrules and are probably slightly smaller than H, CM and CO chondrules. In the EH3 chondrites, radial pyroxene (RP) chondrules are somewhat (85% confidence level) larger than cryptocrystalline (C) chondrules, nonporphyritic chondrules have a broader size‐frequency‐distribution than porphyritic chondrules, and porphyritic olivine‐pyroxene (POP) chondrules are considerably (98% confidence level) larger than porphyritic pyroxene (PP) chondrules.The larger size of RP chondrules relative to C chondrules in EH3 chondrites may be due to a tendency of the chondrule‐forming mechanism not to have heated large precursor aggregates above the liquidus. Consequent retention of numerous relict grains would have caused these objects to develop RP rather than C textures upon cooling. The large proportion (≥50%) of nonporphyritic EH3 chondrules among the smaller chondrule size‐fractions may have been caused by preferential disruption of large nonporphyritic chondrule droplets. The large proportion (≥50%) of nonporphyritic EH3 chondrules among the larger chondrule size‐fractions is problematic. The larger size of POP relative to PP chondrules is due to reaction of fine‐grained olivine with free silica to form pyroxene during mild thermal metamorphism of the whole‐rocks.
Trace elements in mineral separates of the Peña Blanca Spring aubrite: Implications for the evolution of the aubrite parent body
Authors: Lodders K. , Palme H. , Wlotzka F. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract— The origin of the aubrite parent body (APB) and its relation to the enstatite chondrites is still unclear. Therefore we began a detailed chemical study of the aubrite Peña Blanca Spring. Bulk samples and mineral separates (oldhamite, troilite, alabandite, pyroxene) of Peña Blanca Spring were analyzed for major and trace elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). In addition, a leaching experiment was performed on a powdered bulk sample to study the distribution of trace elements in aubrite minerals.The elemental abundances in Peña Blanca Spring are compared to abundances in EH‐chondrites and EL‐chondrites in an attempt to distinguish volatility related fractionations (evaporation, condensation) from planetary differentiation (melting and core formation). Low abundances of siderophile (e.g., Ir) and chalcophile (e.g., V) elements in bulk samples indicate that 25% (by mass) metal and about 6% (by mass) sulfide separated from an enstatite chondrite like‐parent body to form a core and a residual mantle with aubrite composition. We argue that the high observed rare earth element (REE) abundances in oldhamite (>100 × EH‐chondrite normalized) reflect REE incorporation into oldhamite during nebular condensation. Thus, oldhamite in aubrites is, at least in part, a relict phase as originally proposed by Lodders and Palme (1990). Some re‐equilibration of CaS with silicates has, however, occurred, leading to partial redistribution of REE, as exemplified by the uptake of Eu by plagioclase.The distribution of the REE among aubritic minerals cannot be the result of fractional crystallization, which would occur if high degrees of partial melting took place on the APB. Instead, the REE distributions indicate incomplete equilibrium of oldhamite and other phases. Therefore, a short non‐equlibrium melting episode led to segregation of metal and sulfides.
Parametric study of heavy element isotopic abundances in SiC grains
Authors: Arnould M. , Howard W. M. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract— This paper presents a new interpretation of the non‐solar isotopic composition of a series of elements from Si to Sm found in small‐sized (μm) SiC grains of presumably circumstellar origin. It relies on a parametrized model that aims at investigating in as broad a way as possible the neutron exposures or range of such exposures that could replicate the series of measured isotopic compositions without relying on any specific (and sometimes highly uncertain) astrophysical scenario.It is found that the general trends of the isotopic data of Si, Ca, Ti, Sr, Kr, Xe, Ba, Nd and Sm can be reproduced with a much weaker neutron exposure than contemplated in previous studies. Such a neutron irradiation history does not necessitate the classical assumption of an admixture of a s‐process component to normal solar abundances. Instead, the linear correlations observed in three‐isotope plots are interpreted in terms of a mixture of components having experienced slightly different neutron exposures. In this framework, predictions are provided for all the elements from Si to Bi, and implications for possible astrophysical sites are discussed.
Mineralogy, chemistry, and noble gas contents of Adzhi‐Bogdo– an LL3–6 chondritic breccia with L‐chondritic and granitoidal clasts
Authors: Bischoff A. , Geiger T. , Palme H. , Spettel B. , Schultz L. , Scherer P. , Schlüter J. , Lkhamsuren J. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract— Adzhi‐Bogdo is an ordinary chondrite regolith breccia (LL3–6) which fell on 1949 October 30 in Gobi Altay, Mongolia. The rock consists of submm‐ to cm‐sized fragments embedded in a fine‐grained clastic matrix. The polymict breccia contains various types of clasts, some of which must be of foreign origin. Components of the breccia include chondrules, melt rock clasts (some of which are K‐rich), highly recrystallized rock fragments (“granulites”), breccia clasts, pyroxene‐rich fragments with achondritic textures, and alkali‐granitoids. The composition of olivine in most fragments is in the range of LL‐chondrites. However, olivine in some components has significantly lower fayalite contents, characteristic of L‐chondrites. The bulk meteorite is very weakly shocked (S2).Based on the bulk chemical composition, Adzhi‐Bogdo is an ordinary chondrite. The concentrations of Fe and Ni are somewhat intermediate between L‐ and LL‐chondrites.The contents of solar gases indicate that Adzhi‐Bogdo is a regolith breccia. Most of the solar He and probably a part of the solar Ne of Adzhi‐Bogdo has been lost. It is suggested that Adzhi‐Bogdo experienced an (impact‐induced) thermal event early in its history, because most of the radiogenic 40Ar is retained.
The stability of hibonite, melilite and other aluminous phases in silicate melts: Implications for the origin of hibonite‐bearing inclusions from carbonaceous chondrites
Authors: Beckett J. R. , Stolper E. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract— Phase fields in which hibonite and silicate melt coexist with spinel, CaAl4O7, gehlenitic melilite, anorthite or corundum at 1 bar in the system CaO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐TiO2 were determined. The hibonites contain up to 1.7 wt% SiO2. For TiO2, the experimentally determined partition coefficients between hibonite and coexisting melt, DHib/Li, vary from 0.8 to 2.1 and generally decrease with increasing TiO2 in the liquid.Based on Ti partitioning between hibonite and melt, bulk inclusion compositions and hibonite‐saturated liquidus phase diagrams, the hibonite in hibonite‐poor fluffy Type A inclusions from Allende and at least some hibonite from hibonite‐rich inclusions is relict, although much of the hibonite from hibonite‐glass spherules probably crystallized metastably from a melt Bulk compositions for all of these CAIs are consistent with an origin as melilite + hibonite + spinel + perovskite phase assemblages that were partially altered and in some cases partially or completely melted The duration of the melting event was sufficient to remove any Na introduced by the alteration process but frequently insufficient to dissolve all of the original hibonite.Simple thermochemical models developed for meteoritic melilite and hibonite solid solutions were used to obtain equilibration temperatures of hibonite‐bearing phase assemblages with vapor. Referenced to 10−3 atm, hibonite + corundum + vapor equilibrated at ∼1260 °C and hibonite + spinel ± melilite + vapor at 1215 ± 10 °C. If these temperatures reflect condensation in a cooling gas of solar composition, then hibonite ± corundum condensed first, followed by spinel and then melilite. The position of perovskite within this sequence is uncertain, but it probably began to condense before spinel. This sequence of phase appearances and relative temperatures is generally consistent with observed textures but differs from expectations based on classical condensation calculations in that equilibration temperatures are generally lower than predicted and melilite initially condenses with or even after spinel.Simple thermochemical models for the substitution of trace elements into the Ca site of meteoritic hibonites suggest that virtually all Eu is divalent in early condensate hibonites but that Eu2+/Eu3+ decreases by a factor of 20 or more during the course of condensation primarily because the ratio is proportional to the partial pressure of Al, which decreases dramatically as aluminous phases condense. The relative sizes of Eu and Yb anomalies in meteoritic hibonites and inclusions may be partly due to this effect
Cross‐Cultural Study of Dry‐Cured Sheep Meat Acceptability by Native and Immigrant Consumers in Spain
Authors: Sañudo Carlos , Gomes Monteiro Alda Lúcia , Velandia Valero Maribel , Fugita Carlos Alberto , Monge Paula , Guerrero Ana , Campo María Del Mar 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn many countries, fresh meat from cull ewes is considered to have little value. Nevertheless, other products such as dried and cured meat have high prices. Due to immigration, there is a continual shift in the population's profile, and the acceptability of local products within a specific country is not well known. For this study, 320 consumers from Europe (Spain), Asia (China), Africa (sub‐Saharan Africa) and South America (Andes) evaluated the overall acceptability of dry‐cured sheep meat “cecina.” The legs of 24 culled ewes with three different fatness levels (FL) were used. Overall acceptability indicated that the product was well accepted, with Africans providing the highest scores (P ≤ 0.01). Statistical differences between the three FL were found only in Spanish consumers who preferred Lean “cecina.” Length of residency was a significant factor only for Andeans in which a preference was observed for those living five or more years in Spain (P = 0.04). Differences depending on the frequency of lamb consumption were found in all cultural backgrounds except for Chinese consumers.Practical ApplicationsCultural background was more important than fatness level (FL) in terms of overall acceptability. Therefore, the production of dry‐cured meat from ewes would not require a previous fattening period to meet consumers’ expectations. In this sense, only Spanish consumers found differences between FL, with the leanest meat as the most appreciated. Globally, the consumer overall acceptability score of the product was high, being Africans those with the highest scores, and showing that the possibility of producing “cecina” would favor breeders, who could profit from selling meat at a higher price.
Bringing meaning to user involvement in mental health care planning: a qualitative exploration of service user perspectives
Authors: Grundy A. C. , Bee P. , Meade O. , Callaghan P. , Beatty S. , Olleveant N. , Lovell K. 
Published: December 2015

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

UK mental health policy dictates user involvement in mental health care planning.

Service users report feeling marginalized in the care planning process.

Ongoing dissatisfaction with care planning involvement suggests a failure to translate policy into practice over time.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Service user involvement should no longer be regarded as a nebulous concept.

Ten key criteria underpin service user satisfaction with care planning involvement.

Five criteria characterizing the process of care planning involvement are prioritized by service users.

What are the implications for practice?

Service users can conceptualize and describe meaningful user involvement. Service user requests, summarized through a 10C framework of care planning involvement, provide a clear structure for practice improvement.

AbstractBackgroundService users wish to be involved in care planning but typically feel marginalized in this process. Qualitative explorations of the barriers and enablers of user involvement in mental health care planning are limited.QuestionHow is user involvement in care planning conceptualized by service users and how can meaningful involvement be instilled in the care planning process?MethodsIn 2013, we conducted five focus groups (n = 27) and 23 individual interviews with current or recent adult users of secondary care mental health services (n = 27) in England. Eight users participated in both. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis.ResultsTen themes emerged from the data: these themes encompassed procedural elements (connection; contribution; currency; care consolidation; and consequence), service user characteristics (capacity and confidence) and professional enablers (consultation; choice; and clarity of expression). Procedural elements were discussed most frequently in service user discourse.DiscussionThe process of care planning, centred on the user‐clinician relationship, is key to user involvement.Implications for PracticeUsers describe a common model of meaningful involvement in care planning. Their requests, summarized through a 10C framework of care planning involvement, provide clear direction for improving service users satisfaction with care planning and enhancing the culture of services.
Flibanserin-Stimulated Partner Grooming Reflects Brain Metabolism Changes in Female Marmosets
Authors: Converse Alexander K. , Aubert Yves , Allers Kelly A. , Sommer Bernd , Abbott David H. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Female sexual interest and arousal disorder is personally distressing for women. To better understand the mechanism of the candidate therapeutic, flibanserin, we determined its effects on an index of brain glucose metabolism.

Aim
We hypothesized that chronic treatment with flibanserin would alter metabolism in brain regions associated with serotonergic function and female sexual behavior.

Methods
In a crossover design, eight adult female common marmosets (Calithrix jacchus) received daily flibanserin or vehicle. After 7–12 weeks of treatment, the glucose metabolism radiotracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was administered to each female immediately prior to 30 minutes of interaction with her male pairmate, after which females were anesthetized and imaged by positron emission tomography. Whole-brain normalized images were analyzed with anatomically defined regions of interest. Whole-brain voxelwise mapping was used to explore treatment effects. Correlations were examined between alterations in metabolism and pairmate social grooming.

Main Outcome Measures
Changes in metabolism associated with flibanserin were determined for dorsal raphe, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), medial preoptic area of hypothalamus (mPOA), ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus, and field cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) of the hippocampus.

Results
In response to chronic flibanserin, metabolism in mPOA declined, and this reduction correlated with increases in pairmate grooming. A cluster of voxels in frontal cortico-limbic regions exhibited reduced metabolism in response to flibanserin and overlapped with a voxel cluster in which reductions in metabolism correlated with increases in pairmate grooming. Finally, reductions in mPOA metabolism correlated with increases in metabolism in a cluster of voxels in somatosensory cortex.

Conclusions
Taken together, these results suggest that flibanserin-induced reductions in female mPOA neural activity increase intimate affiliative behavior with male pairmates.
The Interdependent Network Design Problem for Optimal Infrastructure System Restoration
Authors: González Andrés D. , Dueñas‐Osorio Leonardo , Sánchez‐Silva Mauricio , Medaglia Andrés L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study introduces the Interdependent Network Design Problem (INDP), concerned with defining the minimum‐cost reconstruction strategy of a partially destroyed system of infrastructure networks, subject to budget, resources, and operational constraints, while considering interdependencies between them. To solve the INDP, the authors develop an efficient Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model, which considers different types of interdependency while exploiting efficiencies from joint restoration due to colocation for the first time. The authors also propose heuristic methodologies based on simulation and the iterative use of the INDP model, to enable studying problems with additional complexity, such as accounting for uncertainty from possible disaster scenarios, or determining not only what to reconstruct but the order of reconstruction. Such methodologies enable the analysis of expected costs and performance associated to reconstruction of the system of networks, providing an effective tool for infrastructure decision makers. To exemplify the capabilities of the presented INDP‐based methodologies, the authors study the process of restoration of a set of interdependent networks after hypothetical earthquakes in Shelby County, TN, United States. Results show that the INDP‐based approaches that account for time‐dependent recovery converge to quasi‐optimal solutions in all 16 configurations studied, considering four different resource levels and four different earthquake magnitudes. Similarly, as desired in emergency response scenarios, the rate of performance recovery is high in the early reconstruction stages, recovering more than 85% of performance in the first stage in a worst‐case scenario.
Self‐efficacy beliefs, locus of control, religiosity and non‐adherence to immunosuppressive medications in kidney transplant patients
Authors: Silva Andresa Nascimento , Moratelli Lucas , Tavares Paula Liziero , Marsicano Elisa De Oliveira , Pinhati Renata Romanholi , Colugnati Fernando Antonio Basile , Lucchetti Giancarlo , Sanders‐Pinheiro Helady 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimAdherence to immunosuppressive medication is essential for favourable kidney transplant outcomes. The present study aims to investigate how self‐efficacy beliefs, health locus of control and religiosity are associated with adherence to immunosuppressives in post kidney transplant recipients.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study with 88 recipients with more than 1 year after transplantation. Three methods were used to classify patients as adherent or non‐adherent: Basel Assessment of Adherence Scale for Immunosuppressives – BAASIS, the collateral report and blood levels of immunosuppressive medications. Self‐efficacy, health locus of control, and religiosity were evaluated applying General Perceived Self‐Efficacy Scale, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale and Duke University Religion Index, respectively. Non‐adherence was modelled by uni‐ and multivariated analysis.ResultsSixty‐three percent of the patients were male, age 47.2 ± 12.9 years, and median post‐transplant time 108.71 (49.0–266.0) months. We found 70.5% of patients were non‐adherent through at least one method. Adherent patients presented higher self‐efficacy scores (45.1 ± 4.9 vs 38.3 ± 8.6; P < 0.001) and higher intrinsic religiosity (14.0 ± 1.6 vs. 12.8 ± 2.5; P = 0.016) compared to the non‐adherents. Organizational and non‐organizational religiosity did not differ between these groups. By logistic regression, non‐adherence was associated with lower self‐efficacy (OR 0.81, IC 0.70–0.92, P = 0.002), chance locus of control (OR 1.23, IC 1.04–1.45, P = 0.016) and lower intrinsic religiosity (OR 0.56, IC 0.38–0.84, P = 0.006).ConclusionOur study showed that self‐efficacy, chance locus of control, and intrinsic religiosity were associated with non‐adherence to immunosuppressives. A broader perception of the kidney transplant patient´s integrality can help health professionals to design strategies to promote adherence in this population.
Fetal growth restriction but not preterm birth is a risk factor for severe hypospadias
Authors: Hashimoto Yukiko , Kawai Masahiko , Nagai Sizuyo , Matsukura Takashi , Niwa Fusako , Hasegawa Takeshi , Heike Toshio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundHypospadias has multifactorial causes and occurs at a high frequency among very low‐birthweight infants. Placental insufficiency is hypothesized to be one cause of hypospadias; that is, decreased human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion caused by placental insufficiency is suspected to result in abnormal male external genitalia, but there is little direct evidence to support this. The aim of this study was therefore to identify the features of hypospadias and to clarify the male genital abnormalities caused by fetal growth restriction (FGR).MethodsWe reviewed the clinical data of boys who underwent hypospadias repair between 2005 and 2011 at Kyoto University Hospital.ResultsTwenty boys were included in this study. Fifteen (75%) of the subjects were preterm or low‐birthweight infants. Thirteen (65%) had FGR, 60% of whom had severe hypospadias regardless of gestational age. In addition, 92% of the FGR infants also had other genital anomalies, such as cryptorchidism, bifid scrotum, or micropenis. In contrast, only 14% and 43% of the non‐FGR infants had severe hypospadias or genital anomalies other than hypospadias, respectively. Placental histopathology was available in eight FGR infants, in seven of whom it was suggestive of blood flow deficiency such as infarction and single umbilical artery.ConclusionsInfants with FGR have a high incidence of hypospadias. FGR caused by placental dysfunction, but not low birthweight, is a risk factor for severe hypospadias associated with multiple genital anomalies.
Lung transplantation in IIP: A review
Authors: Brown A. Whitney , Kaya Hatice , Nathan Steven D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) encompass a large and diverse subtype of interstitial lung disease (ILD) with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non‐specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) being the most common types. Although pharmacologic treatments are available for most types of IIP, many patients progress to advanced lung disease and require lung transplantation. Close monitoring with serial functional and radiographic tests for disease progression coupled with early referral for lung transplantation are of great importance in the management of patients with IIP. Both single and bilateral lung transplantation are acceptable procedures for IIP. Procedure selection is a complex decision influenced by multiple factors related to patient, donor and transplant centre. While single lung transplant may reduce waitlist time and mortality, the long‐term outcomes after bilateral lung transplantation may be slightly superior. There are numerous complications following lung transplantation including primary graft dysfunction, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), infections, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and airway disease that limit post‐transplant longevity. The median survival after lung transplantation is 4.7 years in patients with ILD, which is less than in patients with other underlying lung diseases. Although long‐term survival is limited, this intervention still conveys a survival benefit and improved quality of life in suitable IIP patients with advanced lung disease and chronic hypoxemic respiratory failure.