bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inklusion, Selbstbestimmung, Partizipation und Barrierefreiheit im Kontext psychotherapeutischer Versorgung von Menschen mit Lernschwierigkeiten
Authors: Sigot Marion 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel der Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie werden Inklusion, Partizipation, Selbstbestimmung und Barrierefreiheit im Zusammenhang mit der psychotherapeutischen Versorgung von Menschen mit Lernschwierigkeiten reflektiert. Im Zentrum des Beitrages stehen Erfahrungen von Frauen mit Lernschwierigkeiten, die im partizipativen Forschungsprojekt „Frauen mit Lernschwierigkeiten zwischen Selbst- und Fremdbestimmung“ (Sigot 2017) analysiert wurden. Dabei stehen Erfahrungen im Zusammenhang mit sexueller Gewalt im Zentrum, die häufig mit sekundärer Viktimisierung durch das Absprechen von Glaubwürdigkeit und dem Vorenthalten von bedarfsgerechter Unterstützung einhergehen. Die zentralen Ergebnisse aus der Forschung werden in diesem Beitrag hinsichtlich ihrer Relevanz für den psychotherapeutischen Kontext reflektiert und Überlegungen für die psychotherapeutische Praxis abgeleitet.
Biometric analysis of the cranial features of common voles
Authors: Baláž Ivan , Csákiová Žofia , Tulis Filip 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough cranial bones reliably identify the features of mammals, these traits can be affected by sex, population size and seasonality. This paper biometrically analyses the cranial features of the common vole. The research sample consisted of adult (n = 134), subadult (n = 57), of western Slovakia. Overall, software based on the highlighted marks measured 29 cranial features. Significant sexual dimorphism was observed for three features in adult individuals (width of the maxillary tooth row – right side “WMTRR”, maximum height of the mandibula excluding coronoid process “AMdm” and coronoid height of the mandibula “AMd”) and four features in subadults (length of the tooth row in the maxilla “LOSD”, “WMTRR”, length of the molar “LoM” and alveolar length of the lower molars “ALLM”). Results showed a significant positive relationship between body weight and cranial size in 18 of the 29 features. They also suggested a weak but significant positive effect of common vole abundance on cranium size (Chitty effect) likewise in 6 of the 29 features. In several cases, this effect affects, in addition to the abundance, the onset of sexual maturity of individuals.
m-Isometric Composition Operators on Discrete Spaces
Authors: Buchała Michał 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study composition operators on discrete spaces $$ L^{2}(\mu ) $$

L
2

(
μ
)

. We establish the classification of underlying graphs of such operators. We obtain the characterization of m-isometric composition operators such that the underlying graph has one cycle. The paper contains also the solution of the Cauchy dual subnormality problem in the class of such composition operators.
Between and within-city variations of PM2.5 oxidative potential in five cities in Colombia
Authors: Rojas Néstor Y. , Agudelo-Castañeda Dayana M. , Bustos Daniela , Godri Pollitt Krystal J. , Gao Dong , Rodriguez-Villamizar Laura A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been shown to cause oxidative stress, which has negative health consequences. The oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5, a promising health exposure metric, was assessed in five Colombian cities using the synthetic respiratory tract lining fluid assay that tracks the depletions of glutathione and ascorbate. For this, a set of 91 integrated 2-week ambient PM2.5 samples were collected using Ultrasonic Personal Aerosol Samplers (UPAS) at background (5), traffic (37), industrial (12) and residential (37) sites. Across all site types, mean PM2.5 mass concentration was 20.20 ± 9.36 µg m− 3. The oxidative potential (OPAA for ascorbate and OPGSH for glutathione) varied widely across cities with an average of 2.67 ± 1.27 for AA and 2.93 ± 1.22 % depletion m− 3 for GSH. OP metrics among cities were not correlated with PM2.5 mass concentrations. Overall, industrial sites showed higher PM2.5 mass concentrations and OPAA. In contrast, OPGSH was not found to differ among industrial, traffic, or residential sites, but was lower for background sites. Our findings provide substantial evidence of variations in PM2.5 OP between cities and within the cities. Further research is needed to assess the association between OP and adverse health effects, as well as to attribute the sources that cause such variations.
Impact of Statin Therapy on Diabetes Incidence: Implications for Primary Prevention
Authors: Rikhi Rishi , Shapiro Michael D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The present review aims to summarize current evidence, explore underlying mechanisms, and help guide clinicians regarding statin therapy and diabetes risk in primary prevention.

Recent Findings
The observational and genetic epidemiology, as well as evidence from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, illustrate a modest, dose-dependent increase in risk of diabetes from statin therapy.

Summary
Risk of new onset diabetes from statins appears to be greatest in those near the diagnostic threshold for diabetes or with diabetes risk factors prior to statin initiation. The risk of incident diabetes is vastly offset by the cardiovascular protection offered from statin therapy and should not deter guideline recommended statin initiation in primary prevention.
Pomalidomide in patients with multiple myeloma: potential impact on the reconstitution of a functional T-cell immunity
Authors: Shen Jiaxin , Senes Francesca , Wen Xiaofen , Monti Patrizia , Lin Shaoze , Pinna Claudia , Murtas Andrea , Podda Luigi , Muntone Giuseppina , Tidore Gianni , Arru Claudia , Sanna Luca , Contini Salvatore , Virdis Patrizia , Sechi Leonardo Antonio , Fozza Claudio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Pomalidomide, a third-generation oral immunomodulatory drug, exhibits efficacy in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma or those refractory to bortezomib and lenalidomide (RRMM).

Methods
In this clinical context, we employed flow cytometry and CDR3 spectratyping to monitor the dynamics of the T-cell repertoire during Pomalidomide treatment, aiming to investigate its potential to reverse the immunological abnormalities characteristic of RRMM.

Results
By flow cytometry at baseline we found a significant decrease in CD4 + frequency in MM patients, while CD8 + frequency were significantly higher in patients when compared to controls. Most T cell populations remained stable across all time points, except for CD4 + frequency, which notably decreased from t1 to subsequent assessments. Our investigation revealed as most relevant finding the notable increase in CD4 + expansions and the growing prevalence of patients manifesting these expansions. This pattern is even more evident in patients receiving their treatment until t3 and therefore still responding to treatment with Pomalidomide. We also conducted a comparison of spectratyping data before and after treatment, substantially demonstrating a relatively stable pattern throughout the course of Pomalidomide treatment.

Conclusions
These observations imply that Pomalidomide treatment influences the T-cell repertoire, particularly in the CD4 + subpopulation during the later stages of treatment, raising speculation about the potential involvement of these lymphocyte expansions in mechanisms related to antitumor immunity.
Cancer stem cells in meningiomas: novel insights and therapeutic implications
Authors: Awuah Wireko Andrew , Ben-Jaafar Adam , Karkhanis Simran , Nkrumah-Boateng Princess Afia , Kong Jonathan Sing Huk , Mannan Krishitha Meenu , Shet Vallabh , Imran Shahzeb , Bone Matan , Boye Allswell Naa Adjeley , Ranganathan Sruthi , Shah Muhammad Hamza , Abdul-Rahman Toufik , Atallah Oday 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMeningiomas (MGs), which arise from meningothelial cells of the dura mater, represent a significant proportion of primary tumours of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite advances in treatment, the management of malignant meningioma (MMG) remains challenging due to diagnostic, surgical, and resection limitations. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation within tumours capable of self-renewal and differentiation, are highlighted as key markers of tumour growth, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Identifying additional CSC-related markers enhances the precision of malignancy evaluations, enabling advancements in personalised medicine. The review discusses key CSC biomarkers that are associated with high levels of expression, aggressive tumour behaviour, and poor outcomes. Recent molecular research has identified CSC-related biomarkers, including Oct-4, Sox2, NANOG, and CD133, which help maintain cellular renewal, proliferation, and drug resistance in MGs. This study highlights new therapeutic strategies that could improve patient prognosis with more durable tumour regression. The use of combination therapies, such as hydroxyurea alongside diltiazem, suggests more efficient and effective MG management compared to monotherapy. Signalling pathways such as NOTCH and hedgehog also offer additional avenues for therapeutic development. CRISPR/Cas9 technology has also been employed to create meningioma models, uncovering pathways related to cell growth and proliferation. Since the efficacy of traditional therapies is limited in most cases due to resistance mechanisms in CSCs, further studies on the biology of CSCs are warranted to develop therapeutic interventions that are likely to be effective in MG. Consequently, improved diagnostic approaches may lead to personalised treatment plans tailored to the specific needs of each patient.
The interplay of humor and creativity: shaping rationality and decision-making quality
Authors: Brender-Ilan Yael , Shertzer Yonatan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between humor, creativity, rationality, intuitiveness, and decision-making quality, all of which are vital in organizational management and success. Despite the importance attached to decision-making, prior research has not fully addressed how humor and creativity interact with rationality. Drawing from psychology, cognitive science, and management studies, we investigate how humor and creativity jointly influence cognitive reflection and decision quality. Using a sample of 998 participants and employing a mediating-moderation PROCESS model, our findings indicate that rational individuals tend to make higher-quality decisions, with affiliative humor mediating this relationship. Furthermore, we observed that employees’ creativity levels moderated this relationship, especially among rational employees with high creativity, who made higher-quality decisions. These findings highlight the interconnectedness of humor, creativity, and rationality in decision-making processes, offering practical implications for organizational behavior and management practices. Understanding this interplay can provide a nuanced approach to enhancing decision-making processes in management, emphasizing the value of humor in organizational contexts.
Quantification of the uncertainty of geoscientific maps relying on human sensory engagement
Authors: Asadi Jalil , Dietrich Peter , Paasche Hendrik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUncertainty of a geoscientific map derived from data sampled by sensory engagement of human experts cannot be quantified from within the processing chain followed to produce the map due to subjective components in the underlying data. Nevertheless, quantified uncertainty associated with such maps would be essentially required for correct information retrieval from such maps. An approach mimicking an expert elicitation through digital agents in an information fusion procedure is suggested to quantify the trustworthiness of a partially subjective map (such as a soil map or any other geoscientific map inherently linked to partial subjectivity, e.g., a geological map). This procedure links a partially subjective map with collocated maps resulting from technical measurements provided with quantified uncertainty. Variation of methodology in this approach results in an ensemble of maps with variable degree of matching with the partially subjective map which allows for probabilistic statements about the trustworthiness of the partially subjective map. This enables including partially subjective maps in further data integration relying on numerical analysis, e.g., in the context of computational modeling or machine learning. By being able to assign a quantitative trustworthiness to a partially subjective map the risk of over-utilization of this map is reduced.
Small-scale fisheries in ecologically sensitive areas in Latin America and the Caribbean: Do marine protected areas benefit fisheries governance?
Authors: Cinti Ana , Ramirez Luisa , Castrejón Mauricio , Aburto Jaime A. , Loto Luciana , Fulton Stuart , Rueda Mario , Schiavetti Alexandre , Fernández-Rivera Melo Francisco J. , Bravo Manuel , Alarcon Daniela Trigueirinho , Araújo Valéria Penchel , Parma Ana M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMany small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) operate in ecologically sensitive areas, where balancing conservation and resource use is challenging. 'Multiple-use' marine protected areas (MPAs) have been implemented to accommodate SSFs (among other uses) within areas designated for conservation, creating opportunities and challenges for SSF governance. We analyzed eleven case studies from LAC to explore: (1) how different MPA institutional designs affect key aspects of SSF governance and (2) the links between these effects and the type of initiative that promoted MPA establishment (origin). Results indicate that the existence of an MPA benefited SSF governance in many ways, with more pronounced positive effects in MPAs with mixed to bottom-up origin supported by well-organized fishing groups. In addition, the presence of supportive MPA authorities that leveraged local capacities and initiatives and adopted flexible and collaborative governance systems made a difference in several cases. Lessons for integrating MPA and SSF governance are drawn.
Monitoring the gas metal arc additive manufacturing process using unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Mattera Giulio , Polden Joseph , Norrish John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the performance of several unsupervised machine learning (ML) techniques in online anomaly (The term “anomaly” is used here to indicate a departure from expected process behavior which may indicate a quality issue which requires further investigation. The term “defect detection” has often been used previously but the specific imperfection is often indirectly inferred.) detection during surface tension transfer (STT)-based wire arc additive manufacturing. Recent advancements in quality monitoring for wire arc manufacturing were reviewed, followed by a comparison of unsupervised ML techniques using welding current and welding voltage data collected during a defect-free deposition process. Both time domain and frequency domain feature extraction techniques were applied and compared. Three analysis methodologies were adopted: ML algorithms such as isolation forest, local outlier factor, and one-class support vector machine. The results highlight that incorporating frequency analysis, such as fast Fourier transform (FFT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT), for feature extraction based on general frequency response and defined bandwidth frequency response, significantly improves performance, reflected in a 14% increase in F2 score, compared with time-domain features extraction. Additionally, a deep learning approach employing a convolutional autoencoder (CAE) demonstrated superior performance by processing time-frequency domain data stored as spectrograms obtained through short-time Fourier transform (STFT) analysis. The CAE method outperformed frequency domain analysis and traditional ML approaches, achieving an additional 5% improvement in F2-score. Notably, the F2-score (The F2 score is the weighted harmonic mean of the precision and recall (given a threshold value). Unlike the F1 score, which gives equal weight to precision and recall, the F2 score gives more weight to recall than to precision.) increased significantly from 0.78 in time domain analysis to 0.895 in time-frequency analysis. The study emphasizes the potential of utilizing low-cost sensors to develop anomaly detection modules with enhanced accuracy. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating advanced data processing techniques in wire arc additive manufacturing for improved quality control and process optimization.
Analysis, modelling, and optimization of force in ultra-precision hard turning of cold work hardened steel using the CBN tool
Authors: Elly Ogutu Isaya , Adizue Ugonna Loveday , Tura Amanuel Diriba , Farkas Balázs Zsolt , M.Takács  
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe machinability of high-performance materials such as superalloys, composites, and hardened steel has been a big challenge due to their mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, which give them inherent complex machining characteristics. Additionally, majority of machinability tests conducted on these materials have been carried out on conventional and less precise lathes based on Taguchi, composite, and other designs of experiments that do not exploit all the possible combinations of cutting parameters. This work reports an investigation on ultra-precision hard turning (UHT) of cold work hardened AISI D2 steel of HRC 62, based on the full factorial design of experiment, carried out on an ultra-precision lathe. A theoretical analysis of the force components generated is reported. Modelling of the process, based on the resultant force, is also reported through a machine learning model. The model was developed from the experimental data and statistically evaluated with validation data. Its average MAPE values of 1.47%, 4.81%, and 10.66% for training, testing, and validation, respectively, attest to its robustness. The excellent coefficient of determination values, R2, also justify the model’s robustness. Multi-objective optimization was also conducted to optimize material removal rate (MRR), resultant force, and vibration simultaneously. For sustainable and efficient UHT, optimal cutting velocity (158.8 m/min), feed (0.125 mm/rev), and depth of cut (0.074 mm) were proposed to generate optimal resultant force (224.8 N), MRR (2603.6 mm3/min), and vibration (0.03 m/s^2) simultaneously. These results can be beneficial in planning UHT processes for high-performance materials.
Discrete element method simulation of high-speed vehicle collisions with road barrier systems
Authors: Habtemariam Abinet K. , Brunnabend Luis , Fischer Kai , Stolz Alexander 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe behavior of road or perimeter protection barriers under vehicle impact are usually investigated based on crash tests and finite element (FE) numerical approaches, which are ether expensive or time-consuming. Several studies have proposed to reduce the computation time of the numerical analysis by substituting the complex FE models of vehicles using simplified mass–spring–damper system models. However, these models have drawbacks since consideration of different vehicle impact angles is difficult and they are unable to correctly simulate the risk of high-speed vehicle collision running over the barrier. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to simulate the collision of vehicles with barriers based on the discrete element method (DEM). Here, to save computation time only a handful of 3D non-spherical particles are used to represent the barrier and vehicle. These particles are generated based on the super-quadric function, which is capable of generating a variety of shapes needed for the model. The contact detection and evaluation are carried out based on discrete function representation of the particles with uniform sampling. The bond between two discrete elements is defined using a nonlinear cohesive beam model since the distance between the elements is relatively large. The simulation results obtained based on this approach are more accurate and complete than the simplified mass–spring models and computationally more efficient than the FE model.
Current trends and perspectives of scoliosis research society travel fellows
Authors: Joshi Aditya , Kamali Arash , Helbing Jordan , Welborn Michelle C. , Hwang Steven W. , Jain Amit , Kebaish Khaled , Hassanzadeh Hamid 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to measure the impact of the Scoliosis Research Society’s travel fellowship on a spinal surgeon’s career.

Methods
A non-incentivized survey was sent to 78 previous SRS junior travel fellows from 1993 to 2021. The questionnaire assessed fellowship influence on academic and administrative positions, professional society memberships, and commercial relationships. The trend of these quantitative measures was created according to a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) calculation of the reported values. The Scopus database was queried for all fellows’ publication counts and h-index before the fellowship, as well as 3 years, 5 years, and currently after the fellowship. A control cohort of matched surgeons who did not participate in travel fellowships was used to compare research productivity measures relative to travel fellows.

Results
This study had a 73% response rate. Over the periods of 3–5 years after the fellowship, and up to the present, the mean publication count increased by 31.0%, 31.6%, and 46.4%, respectively. Over the same interval, the mean h-index increased by 19.5%, 17.3%, and 11.3%, respectively. From the year of their respective fellowship to present day, the fellows observed a mean CAGR of + 3.2% in academic positions, + 6.7% in administrative positions, + 2.3% in society memberships, and + 4.7% in commercial relations. Previous fellows concurred the fellowship changed their clinical practice (42.1% Strongly Agree, 36.8% Agree), expanded their network (71.9% Strong Agree, 24.6% Agree), expanded their research (33.3% Strongly Agree, 54.4% Agree), and improved their surgical technique (33.3% Strongly Agree, 49.1% Agree).

Conclusion
Robust feedback from previous fellows suggests a traveling fellowship has a meaningful impact on a surgeon’s research productivity and career achievements.