bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Photometric Evolution of the Classical Nova V723 Cassiopeia from 2006 through 2016
Authors: Hamilton-Drager Catrina M. , Lane Ryan I. , Recine Kristen A. , Ljungquist Lindsey S. , Grant Jacob A. , Shrader Katherine , Frymark Derek G. , Dornbush Eric M. , Richey-Yowell Tyler , Boyle Robert J. , Schwarz Greg J. , Page Kim L. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present photometric data of the classical nova, V723 Cas (Nova Cas 1995), over a span of 10 years (2006 through 2016) taken with the 0.9 m telescope at Lowell Observatory, operated as the National Undergraduate Research Observatory (NURO) on Anderson Mesa near Flagstaff, Arizona. A photometric analysis of the data produced light curves in the optical bands (Bessel B, V, and R filters). The data analyzed here reveal an asymmetric light curve (steep rise to maximum, followed by a slow decline to minimum), the overall structure of which exhibits pronounced evolution including a decrease in magnitude from year to year, at the rate of ∼0.15 mag yr−1. We model these data with an irradiated secondary and an accretion disk with a hot spot using the eclipsing binary modeling program Nightfall. We find that we can model reasonably well each season of observation by changing very few parameters. The longitude of the hot spot on the disk and the brightness of the irradiated spot on the companion are largely responsible for the majority of the observed changes in the light curve shape and amplitude until 2009. After that, a decrease in the temperature of the white dwarf is required to model the observed light curves. This is supported by Swift/X-Ray Telescope observations, which indicate that nuclear fusion has ceased, and that V723 Cas is no longer detectable in the X-ray.
Evolution of the Solar Lyα Line Profile during the Solar Cycle
Authors: Kowalska-Leszczynska Izabela , Bzowski Maciej , Sokół Justyna M. , Kubiak Marzena A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Recent studies of interstellar neutral (ISN) hydrogen observed by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) suggested that the present understanding of the radiation pressure acting on hydrogen atoms in the heliosphere should be revised. There is a significant discrepancy between theoretical predictions of the ISN H signal using the currently used model of the solar Lyα profile by Tarnopolski & Bzowski and the signal due to ISN H observed by IBEX-Lo. We developed a new model of evolution of the solar Lyα profile that takes into account all available observations of the full-disk solar Lyα profiles from SUMER/SOHO, provided by Lemaire et al., covering practically the entire 23rd solar cycle. The model has three components that reproduce different features of the profile. The main shape of the emission line that is produced in the chromosphere is modeled by the kappa function; the central reversal due to absorption in the transition region is modeled by the Gauss function; and the spectral background is represented by the linear function. The coefficients of all of those components are linear functions of the line-integrated full-disk Lyα irradiance, which is the only free parameter of the model. The new model features potentially important differences in comparison with the model by TB09, which was based on a limited set of observations. This change in the understanding of radiation pressure, especially during low solar activity, may significantly affect the interstellar H and D distributions in the inner heliosphere and their derivative populations.
Spatially Resolved Dust, Gas, and Star Formation in the Dwarf Magellanic Irregular NGC 4449*
Authors: Calzetti D. , Wilson G. W. , Draine B. T. , Roussel H. , Johnson K. E. , Heyer M. H. , Wall W. F. , Grasha K. , Battisti A. , Andrews J. E. , Kirkpatrick A. , González D. Rosa , Vega O. , Puschnig J. , Yun M. , Östlin G. , Evans A. S. , Tang Y. , Lowenthal J. , Sánchez-Arguelles D. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We investigate the relation between gas and star formation in subgalactic regions, ∼360 pc to ∼1.5 kpc in size, within the nearby starburst dwarf NGC 4449, in order to separate the underlying relation from the effects of sampling at varying spatial scales. Dust and gas mass surface densities are derived by combining new observations at 1.1 mm, obtained with the AzTEC instrument on the Large Millimeter Telescope, with archival infrared images in the range 8–500 μm from the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Herschel Space Observatory. We extend the dynamic range of our millimeter (and dust) maps at the faint end, using a correlation between the far-infrared/millimeter colors F(70)/F(1100) (and F(160)/F(1100)) and the mid-infrared color F(8)/F(24) that we establish for the first time for this and other galaxies. Supplementing our data with maps of the extinction-corrected star formation rate (SFR) surface density, we measure both the SFR–molecular gas and the SFR–total gas relations in NGC 4449. We find that the SFR–molecular gas relation is described by a power law with an exponent that decreases from ∼1.5 to ∼1.2 for increasing region size, while the exponent of the SFR–total gas relation remains constant with a value of ∼1.5 independent of region size. We attribute the molecular law behavior to the increasingly better sampling of the molecular cloud mass function at larger region sizes; conversely, the total gas law behavior likely results from the balance between the atomic and molecular gas phases achieved in regions of active star formation. Our results indicate a nonlinear relation between SFR and gas surface density in NGC 4449, similar to what is observed for galaxy samples.
En chômage ou au chômage : les motifs d’une variation
Authors: Saunier Évelyne 
Published: January 2018

L’observation de divers corpus et des articles « chômage » des dictionnaires montre un passage progressif de l’usage courant de être/ mettre… en chômage à celui de être /mettre… au chômage , le basculement se produisant à la fin des années 1970. Il s’agit, plus que d’un remplacement, d’une inversion de tendance, l’emploi de en n’ayant pas disparu.	Le présent article vise à rendre compte de la variation entre les deux constructions (diachronique, cotextuelle, individuelle…) en termes de construction socialement pertinente du sens. La proposition repose sur une prise en compte de l’évolution de la catégorie « chômage », et sur une analyse sémantique du type de repérage qu’instaurent les deux prépositions entre les termes qu’elles relient.
Discrepancies among Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed coverage of funding information in medical journal articles
Authors: Kokol Peter , Blažun Vošner Helena 
Published: January 2018

Objective: The overall aim of the present study was to compare the coverage of existing research funding information for articles indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases.Methods: The numbers of articles with funding information published in 2015 were identified in the three selected databases and compared using bibliometric analysis of a sample of twenty-eight prestigious medical journals.Results: Frequency analysis of the number of articles with funding information showed statistically significant differences between Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases. The largest proportion of articles with funding information was found in Web of Science (29.0%), followed by PubMed (14.6%) and Scopus (7.7%).Conclusion: The results show that coverage of funding information differs significantly among Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases in a sample of the same medical journals. Moreover, we found that, currently, funding data in PubMed is more difficult to obtain and analyze compared with that in the other two databases. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
Het borgtochtverweer in de context van overnamecontracten
Authors: Möller J.M. 
Published: January 2018

Het borgtochtverweer in de context van overnamecontracten
Het borgtochtverweer, waarbij hoofdelijke aansprakelijkheid op verzoek van degene die zich aansprakelijk heeft gesteld wordt geherkwalificeerd tot borgtocht, zorgt in de financieringspraktijk er nog wel eens voor dat een schuldeiser met lege handen achterblijft. De vraag is of er ook risico’s op een dergelijke herkwalificatie bestaan in de context van overnames. Hiervoor bekeek de auteur de bestaande jurisprudentie en probeerde daaruit bepalende factoren voor de overnamepraktijk te ontlenen. De conclusie luidt dat – net als in de financieringspraktijk – een natuurlijk persoon al snel bescherming toekomt en als borg wordt gekwalificeerd. In concernverhoudingen houdt hoofdelijke aansprakelijkheid in beginsel stand, omdat al snel mag worden aangenomen dat een groepsvennootschap die zich hoofdelijk aansprakelijk stelt indirect profijt van een transactie zal hebben.
Why do women choose to start, continue or stop breastfeeding? a qualitative phenomenological interpretive analysis
Authors: Ryan Jessica , Norman Alyson 
Published: January 2018

The statistics from the National Health Service in the United Kingdom show that despite the current advice to breastfeed an infant exclusively for the first six months of life, less than 1% of mothers are actually doing this. Therefore, it is important it understand the barriers to breastfeeding experiences by women. The study aimed to investigate why some women choose to continue breastfeeding their infant, whilst other women do not. A qualitative semi-structured approach was employed recruiting eight participants interviewed one-to-one and three participants via one mini focus group. It was decided to use a qualitative approach in order to understand the experiences of women who have breastfed. Ethical approval was received from University of Plymouth, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences. Data was analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis.
The analysis identified four main themes centred on; social and cultural expectations of women, the impact of breastfeeding on maternal role, the perceived impact of breastfeeding on the mother’s attachment to her infant, and finally, the information provision from health care professional involved throughout pregnancy and after. The study only employed 8 participants. It is hoped that this study can be extended in the future to better understand the experiences of a wider range of breastfeeding women. Increased support and resources are needed to support women through the early stages of breastfeeding. Women need more appropriate help and support from professionals to enable them to breast feed without undue pressure, particularly when breastfeeding becomes problematic. Future research should investigate when different forms of information provision should be provided.
IR‐Driven Ultrafast Transfer of Plasmonic Hot Electrons in Nonmetallic Branched Heterostructures for Enhanced H2 Generation
Authors: Zhang Zhenyi , Jiang Xiaoyi , Liu Benkang , Guo Lijiao , Lu Na , Wang Li , Huang Jindou , Liu Kuichao , Dong Bin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe ultrafast transfer of plasmon‐induced hot electrons is considered an effective kinetics process to enhance the photoconversion efficiencies of semiconductors through strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of plasmonic nanostructures. Although this classical sensitization approach is widely used in noble‐metal–semiconductor systems, it remains unclear in nonmetallic plasmonic heterostructures. Here, by combining ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy with theoretical simulations, IR‐driven transfer of plasmon‐induced hot electron in a nonmetallic branched heterostructure is demonstrated, which is fabricated through solvothermal growth of plasmonic W18O49 nanowires (as branches) onto TiO2 electrospun nanofibers (as backbones). The ultrafast transfer of hot electron from the W18O49 branches to the TiO2 backbones occurs within a timeframe on the order of 200 fs with very large rate constants ranging from 3.8 × 1012 to 5.5 × 1012 s−1. Upon LSPR excitation by low‐energy IR photons, the W18O49/TiO2 branched heterostructure exhibits obviously enhanced catalytic H2 generation from ammonia borane compared with that of W18O49 nanowires. Further investigations by finely controlling experimental conditions unambiguously confirm that this plasmon‐enhanced catalytic activity arises from the transfer of hot electron rather than from the photothermal effect.
Ion Transport Nanotube Assembled with Vertically Aligned Metallic MoS2 for High Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiao Yucong , Mukhopadhyay Alolika , Ma Yi , Yang Lei , Hafez Ahmed M. , Zhu Hongli 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMetallic phase molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is well known for orders of magnitude higher conductivity than 2H semiconducting phase MoS2. Herein, for the first time, the authors design and fabricate a novel porous nanotube assembled with vertically aligned metallic MoS2 nanosheets by using the scalable solvothermal method. This metallic nanotube has the following advantages: (i) intrinsic high electrical conductivity that promotes the rate performance of battery and eliminates the using of conductive additive; (ii) hierarchical, hollow, porous, and aligned structure that assists the electrolyte transportation and diffusion; (iii) tubular structure that avoids restacking of 2D nanosheets, and therefore maintains the electrochemistry cycling stability; and (iv) a shortened ion diffusion path, that improves the rate performance. This 1D metallic MoS2 nanotube is demonstrated to be a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. The unique structure delivers an excellent reversible capacity of 1100 mA h g−1 under a current density of 5 A g−1 after 350 cycles, and an outstanding rate performance of 589 mA h g−1 at a current density of 20 A g−1. Furthermore, attributed to the material's metallic properties, the electrode comprising 100% pure material without any additive provides an ideal system for the fundamental electrochemical study of metallic MoS2. This study first reveals the characteristic anodic peak at 1.5 V in cyclic voltammetry of metallic MoS2. This research sheds light on the fabrication of metallic 1D, 2D, or even 3D structures with 2D nanosheets as building blocks for various applications.
Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Probekörpergröße auf den Ermüdungswiderstand von hochfestem Beton
Authors: Schneider Sebastian , Hümme Julian , Marx Steffen , Lohaus Ludger 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDie Verwendung hochfester Betone für Bauwerke, die nicht vorwiegend ruhenden Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt sind, wird durch die derzeitigen normativen Regelungen und die damit verbundenen erheblichen Abminderungen der Rechenwerte der Druckfestigkeit unter Ermüdung erschwert. Um den Ermüdungswiderstand dieser Betone zukünftig weiter zu untersuchen, bedarf es u. a. Erkenntnisse zur Probekörpergeometrie. Denn es besteht die Frage, wie sich die Ergebnisse aus Ermüdungsprüfungen zu einer begründeten und sicheren Aussage zum Ermüdungswiderstand des Betons im Bauwerk übertragen lassen bzw. wie die Ermüdungsprüfung gestaltet werden muss, damit solche Aussagen möglich werden. Im Rahmen dieses Artikels werden erste Erkenntnisse zum Einfluss der Probekörpergröße auf das Ermüdungsverhalten von zwei hochfesten Betonen vorgestellt. Dabei werden Zylindergrößen von d/h = 60/180 mm und 100/300 mm unterschieden. Es zeigte sich, dass insbesondere für bezogene Oberspannungen von So ≤ 0,7 die kleineren Probekörper deutlich höhere Bruchlastwechselzahlen erreichten. Allein eine Normierung der im Ermüdungsversuch aufgebrachten Beanspruchungen auf die Druckfestigkeit der jeweiligen Probekörpergröße konnte den Größeneinfluss nicht ausgleichen. Demnach müssten weitere Effekte für diese Beobachtung verantwortlich sein. Jedoch lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass die Probekörpererwärmung während des Ermüdungsversuchs einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die im Probekörper vorherrschenden Spannungszustände und somit auf den Ermüdungswiderstand besitzt. Solche Einflüsse näher zu untersuchen, ist Gegenstand weiterer Forschungsarbeiten.
A validated liquid chromatography‐high resolution‐tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantitation of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid in human plasma
Authors: Arnhard Kathrin , Pitterl Florian , Sperner‐Unterweger Barbara , Fuchs Dietmar , Koal Therese , Oberacher Herbert 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTryptophan (TRP) catabolism via the kynurenine pathway is considered to represent a major link between inflammation and various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, depression, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The kynurenine pathway and levels of TRP and its metabolites kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) are well regulated under physiological conditions but may be altered as part of the activated immune response. A simple, sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography‐time of flight mass spectrometry method was developed for determining levels of the four compounds in human plasma samples. The workflow involves protein precipitation with acetonitrile, chromatographic separation on a Phenomenex Luna NH2 column by applying a linear 6 min gradient of 50–5% acetonitrile in aqueous ammonium acetate solution (5 mM, pH 9.5), and mass spectrometric detection with high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Charcoal‐treated plasma served as surrogate matrix for external standard calibration. Stable‐isotope‐labeled analogues were used as internal standards. The calibration ranges were 0.5–50 μg/ml for TRP, 20–1000 ng/mL for KYN und QUIN, and 1–50 ng/mL for KYNA. Validation proved fitness of the developed workflow for the intended purpose. The established method was applied to the quantification of the four targets in 100 authentic plasma samples.
Inefficient In Vivo Neutrophil Migration in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Schuit K E , Homisch L 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
While neutrophils from neonates respond less efficiently in vitro to a chemotactic stimulus than do adult cells, the in vivo recruitment of phagocytic cells to focal sites of inflammation in some situations appears to be similar in adults and neonates. To resolve this apparent discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo observations, neonatal and adult rats were inoculated intraperitoneally with a variety of chemotactic agents. The neutrophil response was far more intense in adults than in neonates, strengthening the hypothesis that chemotaxis is less efficient in neonates than in adults. This relative deficiency may play an important role in the inability of the newborn to deal with infection effectively.
The Effect of Microbial Flora, Diet, and Age on the Tumoricidal Activity of Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Bartizal Kenneth F , Salkowski Cindy , Pleasants Julian R , Balish Edward 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study examined the effects of diet (chemically defined vs natural-ingredient), age, and microbial flora on the tumoricidal activity of natural killer (NK) cells from the spleens of mice. Results from a 4-h 51Cr-release assay indicate the following: 1. Germfree C3H/HeCr mice raised on a chemically defined diet had significantly greater NK cell activity than their germfree or “clean-conventional” (i.e., barrier-maintained) counterparts who were raised on a sterilized natural- ingredient diet. 2. The NK activity of germfree mice was dramatically increased after their alimentary tract was colonized with a complex intestinal flora. 3. Conventional mice raised under clean (barrier) conditions had significantly less NK cell activity than nonbarrier-maintained mice. 4. Switching germfree mice from a chemically defined diet to a sterile natural-ingredient diet did not enhance NK cell activity. 5. No significant differences in NK activity were evident with C3H/HeCr mice of different (6–10 wk vs 29–36 wk) ages. These results indicate that diet and microbial flora can modulate the NK cell activity of mice.
Differential Ability of Human Blood Monocyte Subsets to Release Various Cytokines
Authors: Akiyama Y , Stevenson G W , Schlick E , Matsushima K , Miller P J , Stevenson H C 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We have shown that two human monocyte subsets can be isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors; these subsets possess different morphological, cytochemical, functional, and in vivo trafficking properties [1]. In this report, these two subsets were further characterized. One subset (intermediate monocytes, IM) has been shown to have significantly lower acid phosphatase activity and total cellular protein content as well as lower peroxidase activity when compared with another subset (regular monocytes, RM). The overall activation status of the two subsets (as determined by their alkaline phosphodiesterase activity) was identical. We also examined the capacity of these subsets to release various cytokines with or without polyriboinosinic and poly- ribocytidylic acid (Poly l:C) stimulation. There was no appreciable difference in their ability to release interferon (IFN), interleukin 1 (IL-1), and prostaglandin E (PGE) without stimulation, while IM produced slightly, but significantly, higher amounts of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) than RM. The amount of IFN released by IM in response to poly l:C was approximately three times higher than the amount of IFN released by RM. IL-1 was also released in higher amounts by IM than by RM in response to poly l:C. IM were also found to release more CSF than RM in response to poly l:C. In contrast, it was noted that IM secrete significantly less PGE response to poly l:C than do RM. These findings indicate that two purified human monocyte subsets, distinguishable by maturation markers, differ significantly in their ability to release various cytokines after stimulation; this difference may be relevant to potential in vivo roles of these immunoregulatory cells.
Preparation of Pure Hepatocytes and Reticuloendothelial Cells in High Yield From a Single Rat Liver by Means of Percoll Centrifugation and Selective Adherence
Authors: Smedsrød Bård , Pertoft Håkan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A rapid method for mass isolation of functionally intact hepatocytes and reticuloendothelial cells from a single rat liver is described. The technique is based on collagenase perfusion of the liver, isopycnic sedimentation in Percoll, and selective adherence of the cells. The Kupffer cells (KC) attach and spread on glass or plastic in serum-free medium 15 min following seeding. Cultures of KC are 90%–95% pure with about 5% liver endothelial cells (LEC), &lt;1% parenchymal cells (PC) and a maximum of 5% stellate cells (SC). The LEC adhere and spread on fibronectin 60–120 min following seeding, forming cultures that are contaminated with 5–10% SC and &lt;1% KC and PC. The yield of plated LEC is 50–60 × 106 per 200-g rat. Ultrastructural analysis shows that Percoll does not associate with the cells during the separation procedure.
Studies of Peritoneal Macrophage Function in Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. 2. Nature of Elevated Resident Peritoneal Cells in NZB and (NZB × NZW)F1 Mice
Authors: Russell Pamela J , Cahill J , Cameron Fiona , Hume D 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The numbers of resident peritoneal cells recovered from NZB and (NZB × NZW)F1 hybrid mice, which develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), increased strikingly with age as compared with cells recovered from normal mice. The rise paralleled the onset of anti-DNA antibodies, occurring earlier in females than in males. The increased number of cells was due to an accumulation of medium-sized cells with an indeterminate appearance, but with the functional characteristics and cell markers typical of a macrophage. The unusual cells were esterase, F4/80 and Mac-1 positive, peroxidase, and Alcian blue negative, and were shown on sedimentation velocity separation to be phagocytic for EA and C3 (serum-treated) zymosan; 47–48% of peritoneal cells were la positive.