bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human brain imaging of nicotinic acetylcholine α4β2* receptors using [18F]Nifene: Selectivity, functional activity, toxicity, aging effects, gender effects, and extrathalamic pathways
Authors: Mukherjee Jogeshwar , Lao Patrick J. , Betthauser Tobey J. , Samra Gurleen K. , Pan Min‐Liang , Patel Ishani H. , Liang Christopher , Metherate Raju , Christian Bradley T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors (nAChR's) have been implicated in several brain disorders, including addiction, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Here we report in vitro selectivity and functional properties, toxicity in rats, in vivo evaluation in humans, and comparison across species of [18F]Nifene, a fast acting PET imaging agent for α4β2* nAChRs. Nifene had subnanomolar affinities for hα2β2 (0.34 nM), hα3β2 (0.80 nM) and hα4β2 (0.83 nM) nAChR but weaker (27–219 nM) for hβ4 nAChR subtypes and 169 nM for hα7 nAChR. In functional assays, Nifene (100 μM) exhibited 14% agonist and >50% antagonist characteristics. In 14‐day acute toxicity in rats, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) were estimated to exceed 40 μg/kg/day (278 μg/m2/day). In human PET studies, [18F]Nifene (185 MBq; <0.10 μg) was well tolerated with no adverse effects. Distribution volume ratios (DVR) of [18F]Nifene in white matter thalamic radiations were ∼1.6 (anterior) and ∼1.5 (superior longitudinal fasciculus). Habenula known to contain α3β2 nAChR exhibited low levels of [18F]Nifene binding while the red nucleus with α2β2 nAChR had DVR ∼1.6–1.7. Females had higher [18F]Nifene binding in all brain regions, with thalamus showing >15% than males. No significant aging effect was observed in [18F]Nifene binding over 5 decades. In all species (mice, rats, monkeys, and humans) thalamus showed highest [18F]Nifene binding with reference region ratios >2 compared to extrathalamic regions. Our findings suggest that [18F]Nifene PET may be used to study α4β2* nAChRs in various CNS disorders and for translational research.
Transmission routes maintaining a viral pathogen of steelhead trout within a complex multi‐host assemblage
Authors: Breyta Rachel , Brito Ilana , Ferguson Paige , Kurath Gael , Naish Kerry A. , Purcell Maureen K. , Wargo Andrew R. , LaDeau Shannon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis is the first comprehensive region wide, spatially explicit epidemiologic analysis of surveillance data of the aquatic viral pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) infecting native salmonid fish. The pathogen has been documented in the freshwater ecosystem of the Pacific Northwest of North America since the 1950s, and the current report describes the disease ecology of IHNV during 2000–2012. Prevalence of IHNV infection in monitored salmonid host cohorts ranged from 8% to 30%, with the highest levels observed in juvenile steelhead trout. The spatial distribution of all IHNV‐infected cohorts was concentrated in two sub‐regions of the study area, where historic burden of the viral disease has been high. During the study period, prevalence levels fluctuated with a temporal peak in 2002. Virologic and genetic surveillance data were analyzed for evidence of three separate but not mutually exclusive transmission routes hypothesized to be maintaining IHNV in the freshwater ecosystem. Transmission between year classes of juvenile fish at individual sites (route 1) was supported at varying levels of certainty in 10%–55% of candidate cases, transmission between neighboring juvenile cohorts (route 2) was supported in 31%–78% of candidate cases, and transmission from adult fish returning to the same site as an infected juvenile cohort was supported in 26%–74% of candidate cases. The results of this study indicate that multiple specific transmission routes are acting to maintain IHNV in juvenile fish, providing concrete evidence that can be used to improve resource management. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that more sophisticated analysis of available spatio‐temporal and genetic data is likely to yield greater insight in future studies.
Flower resource and land management drives hoverfly communities and bee abundance in seminatural and agricultural grasslands
Authors: Lucas Andrew , Bull James C. , de Vere Natasha , Neyland Penelope J. , Forman Dan W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPollination is a key ecosystem service, and appropriate management, particularly in agricultural systems, is essential to maintain a diversity of pollinator guilds. However, management recommendations frequently focus on maintaining plant communities, with the assumption that associated invertebrate populations will be sustained. We tested whether plant community, flower resources, and soil moisture would influence hoverfly (Syrphidae) abundance and species richness in floristically‐rich seminatural and floristically impoverished agricultural grassland communities in Wales (U.K.) and compared these to two Hymenoptera genera, Bombus, and Lasioglossum. Interactions between environmental variables were tested using generalized linear modeling, and hoverfly community composition examined using canonical correspondence analysis. There was no difference in hoverfly abundance, species richness, or bee abundance, between grassland types. There was a positive association between hoverfly abundance, species richness, and flower abundance in unimproved grasslands. However, this was not evident in agriculturally improved grassland, possibly reflecting intrinsically low flower resource in these habitats, or the presence of plant species with low or relatively inaccessible nectar resources. There was no association between soil moisture content and hoverfly abundance or species richness. Hoverfly community composition was influenced by agricultural improvement and the amount of flower resource. Hoverfly species with semiaquatic larvae were associated with both seminatural and agricultural wet grasslands, possibly because of localized larval habitat. Despite the absence of differences in hoverfly abundance and species richness, distinct hoverfly communities are associated with marshy grasslands, agriculturally improved marshy grasslands, and unimproved dry grasslands, but not with improved dry grasslands. Grassland plant community cannot be used as a proxy for pollinator community. Management of grasslands should aim to maximize the pollinator feeding resource, as well as maintain plant communities. Retaining waterlogged ground may enhance the number of hoverflies with semiaquatic larvae.
Closely related octopus species show different spatial genetic structures in response to the Antarctic seascape
Authors: Strugnell Jan M. , Allcock A. Louise , Watts Phillip C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDetermining whether comparable processes drive genetic divergence among marine species is relevant to molecular ecologists and managers alike. Sympatric species with similar life histories might be expected to show comparable patterns of genetic differentiation and a consistent influence of environmental factors in shaping divergence. We used microsatellite loci to quantify genetic differentiation across the Scotia Arc in three species of closely related benthic octopods, Pareledone turqueti, P. charcoti, and Adelieledone polymorpha. The relative importance of environmental factors (latitude, longitude, depth, and temperature) in shaping genetic structure was investigated when significant spatial genetic structure was uncovered. Isolated populations of P. turqueti and A. polymorpha at these species’ range margins were genetically different to samples close to mainland Antarctica; however, these species showed different genetic structures at a regional scale. Samples of P. turqueti from the Antarctic Peninsula, Elephant Island, and Signy Island were genetically different, and this divergence was associated primarily with sample collection depth. By contrast, weak or nonsignificant spatial genetic structure was evident across the Antarctic Peninsula, Elephant Island, and Signy Island region for A. polymorpha, and slight associations between population divergence and temperature or depth (and/or longitude) were detected. Pareledone charcoti has a limited geographic range, but exhibited no genetic differentiation between samples from a small region of the Scotia Arc (Elephant Island and the Antarctic Peninsula). Thus, closely related species with similar life history strategies can display contrasting patterns of genetic differentiation depending on spatial scale; moreover, depth may drive genetic divergence in Southern Ocean benthos.
Evaluation of pollinator effectiveness based on pollen deposition and seed production in a gynodieocious alpine plant, Cyananthus delavayi
Authors: Wang Hao , Cao Guo‐Xing , Wang Lin‐Lin , Yang Yong‐Ping , Zhang Zhi‐Qiang , Duan Yuan‐Wen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractExamining variations in pollinator effectiveness can enhance our understanding of how pollinators and plants interact. Pollen deposition and seed production after a single visit by a pollinator are often used to estimate pollinator effectiveness. However, seed production is not always directly related to pollen deposition because not all pollen grains that are deposited on a stigma are compatible or conspecific. In the field, we tested pollinator effectiveness based on pollen deposition and the resulting seed production after single visits by different pollinator groups in a gynodieocious alpine plant Cyananthus delavayi (Campanulaceae). Our results showed that mean pollen deposition was generally inconsistent with mean seed production when comparisons were performed among different pollinator groups and sexes. In general, the correlations were not significant between pollen deposition and seed production in both perfect and female flowers after single visits by halictid bees, bumble bees, and hoverflies. We suggest seed set of virgin flowers after single visits is a more reliable indicator of pollinator effectiveness than pollen deposition and would be a better indicator of pollinator effectiveness for future studies.
Three‐chamber Bioelectrochemical System for Biogas Upgrading and Nutrient Recovery
Authors: Zeppilli M. , Mattia A. , Villano M. , Majone M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHere, an innovative three‐chamber bioelectrochemical system configuration is proposed to combine COD, CO2 and NH4+ removal into a single device. In the proposed process, while COD oxidation and CO2 reduction occurred, respectively, in the anodic and cathodic chamber, the consequent current generation promoted the migration of target ionic species towards an intermediate accumulation chamber, across cation and anion exchange membranes, respectively. Under this configuration, COD removal proceeded in the anode chamber with an average removal rate of 841 mgCOD L−1 d−1 while the cathode was able to remove 2.1 gCO2 L−1 d−1 and produce 60 meq L−1 d−1 of CH4. Around 90% of the removed CO2 was contained in the concentrated spill (at around 20 g L−1 of bicarbonate), which was recovered from the intermediate accumulation chamber and also contained the removed nitrogen as ammonium ion (around 32% removal and around 4‐fold concentration with respect to the anode influent). Methane generation allowed a partial recovery of energy of overall energy consumption costs of both COD and CO2 removal. This study confirms the possibility to combine three processes into a single bioelectrochemical device.
Evolution of HIV/AIDS response in Brazil: Policy innovations and challenges in the fourth decade of the epidemic
Authors: da Fonseca Elize Massard , Bastos Francisco Inacio 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBrazil was the first low‐ and middle‐income country to provide universal treatment access to people living with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), becoming a widely acclaimed model for best practice to managing this epidemic. However, we know little about important challenges to the key pillars of Brazil's response. This article discusses how the evolution of the country's health system institutions and international advancements in AIDS treatment and prevention affected the national response. Decentralization of health system resources and policy making brought fresh challenges to the centralized governance of the national AIDS program and to civil society, weakening their coordination and advocacy capacity. Regardless, AIDS treatment and prevention strategies in Brazil remain aligned with the current international protocols, but unfortunately have been restricted in some geographic areas and/or populations.
Polyester vascular patches acquire arterial or venous identity depending on their environment
Authors: Bai Hualong , Hu Haidi , Guo Jianming , Ige Maryam , Wang Tun , Isaji Toshihiko , Kudze Tambudzai , Liu Haiyang , Yatsula Bogdan , Hashimoto Takuya , Xing Ying , Dardik Alan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPolyester is commonly used in vascular surgery for patch angioplasty and grafts. We hypothesized that polyester patches heal by infiltration of arterial or venous progenitor cells depending on the site of implantation. Polyester patches were implanted into the Wistar rat aorta or inferior vena cava and explanted on day 7 or 30. Neointima that formed on polyester patches was thicker in the venous environment compared to the amount that formed on patches in the arterial environment. Venous patches had more cell proliferation and greater numbers of VCAM‐positive and CD68‐positive cells, whereas arterial patches had greater numbers of vimentin‐positive and alpha‐actin‐positive cells. Although there were similar numbers of endothelial progenitor cells in the neointimal endothelium, cells in the arterial patch were Ephrin‐B2‐ and notch‐4‐positive while those in the venous patch were Eph‐B4‐ and COUP‐TFII‐positive. Venous patches treated with an arteriovenous fistula had decreased neointimal thickness; neointimal endothelial cells expressed Ephrin‐B2 and notch‐4 in addition to Eph‐B4 and COUP‐TFII. Polyester patches in the venous environment acquire venous identity, whereas patches in the arterial environment acquire arterial identity; patches in the fistula environment acquire dual arterial‐venous identity. These data suggest that synthetic patches heal by acquisition of identity of their environment. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3422–3431, 2017.
Osteogenesis for postoperative temporal bone defects using human ear adipose‐derived stromal cells and tissue engineering: An animal model study
Authors: Kim Yeon Ju , Park Seung Gu , Shin Beomyong , Kim Jangho , Kim Seung Won , Choo Oak‐Sung , Yin Xiang Yun , Min Byoung Hyun , Choung Yun‐Hoon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMastoidectomy, the removal of infected mastoid bones, is a common surgical procedure for the treatment of chronic otitis media. Persistent and recurrent otorrhea and accumulation of keratin debris following open cavity mastoidectomy are still bothersome issues for both patients and otologists. In this study, we used human ear adipose‐derived stromal cells (hEASCs) in combination with polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds and osteogenic differentiation medium (ODM) to regenerate temporal bone defects. The hEASCs showed stem cell phenotypes, and these characteristics were maintained up to passage 5. Mastoid bulla and cranial bone defects were induced in Sprague‐Dawley rats using AgNO3 and burr hole drilling, respectively, and the rats were then divided into five groups: (1) control, (2) hEASCs, (3) hEASCs + ODM, (4) hEASCs + PCL scaffolds, and (5) hEASCs + PCL scaffolds + ODM. Osteogenesis was evaluated by micro‐computed tomography and histology. Compared with the control group, the groups transplanted with hEASCs and PCL scaffolds had significantly higher bone formation along the periphery of the mastoid bulla area. Moreover, ODM synergistically enhanced bone formation in mastoid bulla defects. Our results suggest that combining hEASCs with PCL scaffolds represents a promising method for anatomical and functional reconstruction of postoperative temporal bone defects following mastoidectomy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3493–3501, 2017.
HER2+ breast cancer cells undergo apoptosis upon exposure to tannic acid released from remodeled cross‐linked collagen type I
Authors: Jordan Lauren G. , Booth Brian W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTannic acid (TA) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that cross‐links collagen type I and possesses anticancer potential. In previous studies, we demonstrated the increased sensitivity of estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) breast cancer cells to TA as opposed to triple negative breast cancer cells and normal human breast epithelial cells. In the current study, human pre‐adipocytes and HER2+ breast cancer cells were grown on TA cross‐linked collagen type I beads. Cell attachment, growth, and proliferation of the cells result in remodeling of the collagen matrix and release of the cross‐linking TA. TA concentrations in the conditioned media were determined. Induced apoptosis of cells grown on the TA cross‐linked collagen type I beads was imaged and quantified. Viability of HER2+ breast cancer cells and normal breast epithelial cells after exposure TA released from bead remodeling was quantified. Caspase gene expression and protein expression were evaluated. HER2+ breast cancer cells underwent caspase‐mediated apoptosis in response to TA exposure. TA‐induced apoptosis in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner, with HER2+ breast cancer cells demonstrating an increased sensitivity to the TA effects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 26–32, 2018.
Crosslinked basement membrane‐based coatings enhance glucose sensor function and continuous glucose monitoring in vivo
Authors: Klueh Ulrike , Ludzinska Izabela , Czajkowski Caroline , Qiao Yi , Kreutzer Donald L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOvercoming sensor‐induced tissue reactions is an essential element of achieving successful continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the management of diabetes, particularly when used in closed loop technology. Recently, we demonstrated that basement membrane (BM)‐based glucose sensor coatings significantly reduced tissue reactions at sites of device implantation. However, the biocompatible BM‐based biohydrogel sensor coating rapidly degraded over a less than a 3‐week period, which effectively eliminated the protective sensor coating. In an effort to increase the stability and effectiveness of the BM coating, we evaluated the impact of crosslinking BM utilizing glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent, designated as X‐Cultrex. Sensor performance (nonrecalibrated) was evaluated for the impact of these X‐Cultrex coatings in vitro and in vivo. Sensor performance was assessed over a 28‐day time period in a murine CGM model and expressed as mean absolute relative difference (MARD) values. Tissue reactivity of Cultrex‐coated, X‐Cultrex‐coated, and uncoated glucose sensors was evaluated over a 28‐day time period in vivo using standard histological techniques. These studies demonstrated that X‐Cultrex‐based sensor coatings had no effect on glucose sensor function in vitro. In vivo, glucose sensor performance was significantly enhanced following X‐Cultrex coating throughout the 28‐day study. Histological evaluations of X‐Cultrex‐treated sensors demonstrated significantly less tissue reactivity when compared to uncoated sensors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 7–16, 2018.
Caffeine and glucosamine mobility shifts by adduction with 2‐butanol depended on interaction energy, charge delocalization, and steric hindrance in ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Meza‐Morelos Dairo , Fernandez‐Maestre Roberto 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIon mobility spectrometry (IMS) is an analytical technique that separates gas‐phase ions drifting under an electric field according to their size to charge ratio. We used electrospray ionization‐drift tube IMS coupled to quadrupole mass spectrometry to measure the mobilities of glucosamine (GH+) and caffeine (CH+) ions in pure nitrogen or when the shift reagent (SR) 2‐butanol was introduced in the drift gas at 6.9 mmol m−3. Binding energies of 2‐butanol‐ion adducts were calculated using Gaussian 09 at the CAMB3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. The mobility shifts with the introduction of 2‐butanol in the drift gas were −2.4% (GH+) and −1.7% (CH+) and were due to clustering of GH+ and CH+ with 2‐butanol. The formation of GBH+ was favored over that of CBH+ because GBH+ formed more stable hydrogen bonds (83.3 kJ/mol) than CBH+ (81.7 kJ/mol) for the reason that the positive charge on CH+ is less sterically available than on GH+ and the charge is stabilized by resonance in CH+. These results are a confirmation of the arguments used to explain the drift behavior of these ions when ethyl lactate SR was used (Bull Kor Chem Soc 2014, 1023–1028). This study is a step forward to predict IMS separations of overlapping peaks in IMS spectra, simplifying a procedure that is trial and error by now.
Investigation of temperature changes over India in association with meteorological parameters in a warming climate
Authors: Purnadurga G. , Lakshmi Kumar T.V. , Koteswara Rao K. , Rajasekhar M. , Narayanan M.S. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWe have used 1° × 1° resolution maximum temperature (TMAX) data sets developed by India Meteorological Department (IMD) to examine the summer time warming over India during the period 2001–2014 in comparison with the period 1971–2000. The two study periods have been arrived at based on the drastic change of Moisture Index (IM) trends over India between the two epochs. The TMAX variations over India are discussed with the corresponding changes in Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) data of the Climate Research Unit (CRU) and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data of NOAA ESRL. The study shows a considerable warming over northern parts of India compared to southern parts. Western Himalayas (WH) and Northwest (NW) regions experienced highest warming with 1.4 °C and 0.8 °C increases during Epoch 2 (2001–2014) as compared Epoch 1 (1971–2000) during the summer (March, April and May). Using MERRA Black Carbon Surface Mass Concentration (BCSMC) data, we have analysed the relation of increasing BCSMC with the TMAX over different homogeneous temperature regions of India and found that BCSMC has increased upto 1.6 times between the two epochs. Strong linear association is found between TMAX, PET and OLR evidenced by Coherence Wavelet Spectral analysis. It is also found that the highest warming occurred in the month of March and is 2.2 °C in WH and 1.4 °C in NW parts of India. We calculated mass stream function based on zonal mean meridional velocity for the two periods. In the recent periods we observed the weakening of polar cell and northward expansion of Hadley cell. These changes may be related to warming conditions of the atmosphere which may explain the intensification and northward expansion of the Ferrel cell with favourable conditions during the summer season.