bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subglottic stenosis: airway management and intra‐operative haemodynamic monitoring
Authors: Tapia Blanca , Garcia Raquel , Aragón Paula , Castro Alejandro , Garrido Elena , Gilsanz Fernando 
Published: October 2017

SummarySubglottic stenosis is characterised by narrowing of the airway at the level of the inferior edge of the cricoid cartilage. The pathology is either congenital or acquired, with the latter being most commonly due to internal iatrogenic laryngeal trauma. Airway management in subglottic stenosis is challenging, representing a difficult airway scenario. In this report we describe the management of a known difficult airway and outline the haemodynamic monitoring used in a case of subglottic stenosis.
Improving drinking water treatment without tariff impact: the Spanish case study
Authors: Palomero-González José Antonio , Hernández-Sancho Francesc 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Water is essential for our lives and activities. Everyone can drink good quality water, the question is whether they have access to it in the first place. Water quality and its treatment depend on the water source. This treatment has costs that users have to pay in the water tariff. It is very important to establish a water tariff that permits the best water treatment and has a low impact on the users. Cost functions are a useful tool to predict costs before an implementation or improvement. This article, using three easy steps (analysis, obtaining costs and modification of the water tariff) proposes improving water purification treatment using cost functions in order to find the best solution for providing the best quality water with the least cost impact on the water tariff. This methodology aims to help supply managers justify their decisions in order to optimise the available economic resources.
Study of aggregation in surface sludge deposits from 14 full-scale French constructed wetlands using particle size distribution and dynamic vapor sorption analyses
Authors: Kania M. , Gautier M. , Michel P. , Gourdon R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
French vertical flow constructed wetlands (French VFCWs) are widely used for the treatment of wastewaters from small communities. In the system, unsettled wastewater is percolated through two successive stages of filter-cells planted with reeds. This causes the formation of a surface sludge layer. This layer plays positive roles in the treatment performance, but also leads to clogging. The objective of this study was to contribute to the description of the sludge deposits characteristics and their dynamics of evolution, which may control the development of clogging. Representative samples of sludge deposits were taken from 14 French VFCWs full-scale plants and analyzed for particle size, dynamic vapor sorption and other parameters of composition to compare their structure and evaluate the factors of influence. Results showed that ageing of the surface deposits layer over the years of operation in each plant induced the formation and integration of microaggregates within the initial macrostructure of fresh organic matter (OM). The humification process of the OM was found to play a key role in the aggregation process. The injection of FeCl3 operated to precipitate phosphates before filtration was found to accelerate the aggregation process in the early phase (&lt;1 year) of operation of the sludge.
Disclaiming the Future: Investigating the Impact of Cautionary Disclaimers on Investor Judgments Before and After Experiencing Economic Loss
Authors: Asay H. Scott , Hales Jeffrey 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
We examine how cautionary disclaimers about forward-looking statements affect investor judgments both before making an investment and after having suffered an investment loss. In our first experiment, a cautionary disclaimer appears to effectively communicate to nonprofessional investors that forward-looking statements may not be reliable, but we find little evidence that the disclaimer alters the extent to which forward-looking statements influence nonprofessional investors' valuation judgments. In our second experiment, we shift our focus to ex post judgments and find that the disclaimer influences the extent to which investors feel wronged and entitled to compensation after an investment loss, consistent with investors attending to the disclaimer and acting as if it were, ex ante, effective. Notably, investors continue to feel more wronged and entitled to financial compensation when available evidence suggests that management knowingly issued false or misleading forward-looking statements—even if disclaimed. Together, these results provide support for recent judicial efforts to erode the sweeping safe harbor provisions currently granted to companies.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
Auditor Multinational Expertise and Audit Quality
Authors: Gunn Joshua L. , Michas Paul N. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Over the past several decades, the scope of public companies' operations has become increasingly global. This has led to concern over the ability of audit firms to conduct high-quality audits across geographically dispersed foreign operations. We contribute to the growing body of research in this area by investigating the association between audit quality and local audit offices' expertise in conducting multinational audit engagements. We use two complementary measures to proxy for an audit office's multinational expertise: (1) local multinational market leadership, and (2) country-specific experience. Using a sample of multinational client firms headquartered in the United States, we consistently find that audit quality is stronger when the auditor possesses expertise conducting global group audits, possesses particular expertise in the country where a client has a significant subsidiary, or possesses both types of expertise on an engagement. Several sample partitions reinforce our main results. The results are robust to propensity score matching, as well as a placebo test using clients of the audit office that generate no foreign sales. Our evidence suggests that the challenge of conducting multinational audits is more easily met by auditors with expertise on these types of engagements.
JEL Classifications: M40; M42; F23.
Data Availability: All data used are publicly available.
When Do Auditors Use Specialists' Work to Improve Problem Representations of and Judgments about Complex Estimates?
Authors: Griffith Emily E. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Auditors are more likely to identify misstatements in complex estimates if they recognize problematic patterns among an estimate's underlying assumptions. Rich problem representations aid pattern recognition, but auditors likely have difficulty developing them given auditors' limited domain-specific expertise in this area. In two experiments, I predict and find that a relational cue in a specialist's work highlighting aggressive assumptions improves auditors' problem representations and subsequent judgments about estimates. However, this improvement only occurs when a situational factor (e.g., risk) increases auditors' epistemic motivation to incorporate the cue into their problem representations. These results suggest that auditors do not always respond to cues in specialists' work. More generally, this study highlights the role of situational factors in increasing auditors' epistemic motivation to develop rich problem representations, which contribute to high-quality audit judgments in this and other domains where pattern recognition is important.
Tax Incentives and Target Demographics: Are Tax Incentives Effective in the Health Insurance Market?
Authors: Morrow Michaele , Stinson Shane R. , Doxey Marcus M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) employs personal income tax credits and surcharges to enforce its mandate for health insurance coverage. This initiative depends largely on the use of tax incentives to increase participation by young adults who are relatively healthy and have voiced concerns over the expected costs and benefits of obtaining mandated coverage. Consistent with these concerns, we find in an experimental setting that so-called “young invincibles” largely base their decisions to purchase insurance on the expected costs of coverage and the perceived likelihood of illness or injury, but are relatively unmotivated by tax incentives in the forms featured in current legislation. Tax incentive structures not featured in the ACA show some ability to motivate young invincibles, but the effect is not incremental to simple price reductions. In contrast, older and more experienced participants exhibit less sensitivity to premium costs and respond favorably to tax incentives, regardless of form.
JEL Classifications: H20; H24; I13.
The Use of Residual Income Valuation Methods by U.S. Sell-Side Equity Analysts
Authors: Hand John R. M. , Coyne Joshua G. , Green Jeremiah R. , Zhang X. Frank 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
We investigate the use and performance of residual income (RI) valuation methods by U.S. sell-side equity analysts in a small-sample manner wherein we extract the rich details of analysts' RI valuations from their PDF reports over the period 1998–2013. We observe that RI valuations are much rarer than discounted cash flow (DCF) valuations, and that different RI and DCF valuations are sometimes provided by the same analyst for the same firm in the same report. We find that while some analysts build RI models around net operating income (RNOA-RI) and others around net income (ROE-RI), RNOA-RI valuations are optimistic to the same degree as DCF valuations and contain RNOAs that increase to an economically unlikely terminal year median of 27 percent. In contrast, analysts' ROE-RI valuations are unbiased when done in tandem with a DCF valuation, as are the DCFs that accompany them, and contain ROEs that decline over the forecast horizon to a more plausible terminal year median of 17 percent. We conclude that analysts' use of ROE-RI methods can lead to more sophisticated forecasts of economic fundamentals and equity valuations, especially when used in tandem with DCF.
JEL Classifications: G12; G17; G32.
Understanding the Meaning of Food in People With Type 2 Diabetes Living in Northern Appalachia
Authors: Beverly Elizabeth A. , Ritholz Marilyn D. , Wray Linda A. , Chiu Ching-Ju , Suhl Emmy 
Published: October 2017

Purpose.
Food and eating convey memories and feelings and serve important functions in creating and maintaining relationships. Given the increasing rate of diabetes in the United States, research understanding the meaning of food may shed light on how patients negotiate everyday food choices while managing type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the meaning of food among adults with type 2 diabetes living in Northern Appalachia.

Methods.
In-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with type 2 diabetes patients. Interviews were coded and analyzed via thematic analysis.

Results.
Nineteen adults with type 2 diabetes (mean age 68.7 ± 10.6 years, mean A1C 7.4 ± 1.4%, mean diabetes duration 10.9 ± 11.9 years, 52.6% female, 100% white) participated in the study. Qualitative analysis revealed three themes: 1) “Sustaining Life:” Food and the Demands of Diabetes Management, in which participants described the role of food as operational and said that eating was dictated by time rather than hunger or pleasure; 2) “Diabetes Feels Like a Yield Sign:” Diabetes Changes Perceptions of Food, Enjoyment, and Social Relationships, in which most participants described a negative or ambivalent relationship with food after their diabetes diagnosis; and 3) “Food is Everywhere; It’s Seducing:” Struggling With Diabetes Management in a Fast-Food Culture, in which participants discussed how the American fast-food culture was in direct conflict with the demands of diabetes and described how they struggled to follow a healthful diet in a culture that advertised the opposite in many venues.

Conclusion.
Adults with diabetes may benefit from education that addresses both the personal and sociocultural factors that guide food choices.
TOTAL PHENOL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MOSSES FROM YENICE FOREST (IDA MOUNTAIN)
Authors: ASLANBABA Burcu , YILMAZ Selehattin , Yayintas Ozlem , OZYURT Dilek , DEMİRATA Birsen 
Published: October 2017

Recent pharmacological investigations of bryophytes have proven that the active principles present in these plants are quite unique and having potential chemical application and antioxidant capacity. In this study, the volatile components in extracts from Thuidium tamariscinum (Hedw.) Schimp. and Platyhypnidium riparioides (Hedw.) Dixon, Kazdağları (Kalkim-Yenice, Çanakkale, Turkey) were isolated by solid phase micro extraction technique and identified by mass selective detector gas chromatography (GC-MS). Antioxidant capacities of these species were determined by CERAC and CUPRAC methods and phenolic contents by Folin-Ciocalteu method.
THE DETERMINATION OF NH4+ CATION AND Al METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN WATER OF SWIMMING POOLS IN CENTER OF CANAKKALE, TURKEY
Authors: UYSAL Tolga , YILMAZ Selehattin , SADIKOGLU Murat , TURKOGLU Muhammet 
Published: October 2017

In current study, NH4+ cation and Al metal concentrations in summer period were determined by ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometric technique in the total 6 swimming pools found in the province of Canakkale (Turkey). Merck Kits equivalent to EPA, APHA, ISO and DIN standards were used in spectrometric analyses. The monthly quality parameter results in this study were evaluated according to various limit standard values of different countries. As a result, NH4+ cation and Al metal concentrations varied between 0.003 and 0.999 mg L-1 (0.073±0.139 mg L-1), 0 and 0.652 mg L-1 (0.141±0.068 mg L-1) respectively.
Ewing sarcoma during follow-up
Authors: Heinemann Melina , Ranft Andreas , Jürgens Heribert , Langer Thorsten , Vieth Volker , Timmermann Beate , Weckesser Matthias , Dirksen Uta , Stegger Lars 
Published: October 2017

Summary
Aim: To evaluate the performance of a prospectively defined follow-up imaging protocol that includes FDG-PET(/CT) to detect tumour recurrence in Ewing sarcoma (EwS) before becoming symptomatic.
Methods: Imaging results and clinical data during follow-up were retrospectively analysed from all patients treated successfully within the EURO E.W.I.N.G. 99 trial at the University Hospital Münster, Germany. All patients received follow-up imaging according to a comprehensive protocol that included regular X-ray, CT, MRI, bone scan and PET(/CT), albeit not all on the same day and with varying intervals for the different modalities.
Results: 80 of 105 patients underwent follow-up at our institution after complete remission. 30 patients had recurrent tumour during the follow-up period of 3.6 years on average. 19 recurrences (63%) were detected by scheduled imaging before the advent of clinical symptoms. The majority of these recurrences (8 out of 19; 42%) was detected first by PET/ CT (and confirmed with additional imaging thereafter), even though the total number of PET/CTs was comparatively low (138) and PET/CT was not systematically scheduled before other imaging techniques. Recurrences detected by bone scan were also detectable by PET.Conclusions: The implemented follow-up protocol was effective in the detection of EwS recurrence before the advent of symptoms. Most cases of those detected before onset of symptoms were detected by PET/CT first. This hybrid imaging modality should therefore be considered in the routine follow-up of EwS patients, as is standard in our hospital. In combination with PET, low-dose chest CT seems to be sufficient in the detection of small pulmonary nodules.
Embedded Filaments in IRAS 05463+2652: Early Stage of Fragmentation and Star Formation Activities
Authors: Dewangan L. K. , Devaraj R. , Baug T. , Ojha D. K. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We present a multiwavelength data analysis of IRAS 05463+2652 (hereafter I05463+2652) to study star formation mechanisms. A shell-like structure around I05463+2652 is evident in the Herschel column density map, which is not associated with any ionized emission. Based on the Herschel submillimeter images, several parsec-scale filaments (including two elongated filaments, “s-fl” and “nw-fl” having lengths of ∼6.4 and ∼8.8 pc, respectively) are investigated in the I05463+2652 site. The Herschel temperature map depicts all these features in a temperature range of ∼11–13 K. 39 clumps are identified and have masses between

∼
70
–
945

M

⊙

. The majority of clumps (having

M

clump

≳
300

M

⊙

) are distributed toward the shell-like structure. 175 young stellar objects (YSOs) are selected using the photometric 1–5 μm data and a majority of these YSOs are distributed toward the four areas of high column density (

≳
5
×

10

21

cm−2; A

V
∼ 5.3 mag) in the shell-like structure, where massive clumps and a spatial association with filament(s) are also observed. The knowledge of observed masses per unit length of elongated filaments and critical mass length reveals that they are supercritical. The filament “nw-fl” is fragmented into five clumps (having

M

clump

∼
100
–
545

M

⊙

) and contains noticeable YSOs, while the other filament “s-fl” is fragmented into two clumps (having

M

clump

∼
170
–
215

M

⊙

) without YSOs. Together, these observational results favor the role of filaments in the star formation process in I05480+2545. This study also reveals the filament “s-fl,” containing two starless clumps, at an early stage of fragmentation.
Chandra and NuSTAR Follow-up Observations of Swift-BAT-selected AGNs
Authors: Marchesi S. , Tremblay L. , Ajello M. , Marcotulli L. , Paggi A. , Cusumano G. , La Parola V. , Segreto A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Based on current models of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB), heavily obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are expected to make up ∼10% of the peak emission of the CXB and ∼20% of the total population of AGNs, yet few of these sources have been recorded and characterized in current surveys. Here we present the Chandra follow-up observation of 14 AGNs detected by Swift-BAT. For five sources in the sample, NuSTAR observations in the 3–80 keV band are also available. The X-ray spectral fitting over the 0.3–150 keV energy range allows us to determine the main X-ray spectral parameters, such as the photon index and the intrinsic absorption, of these objects and to make hypotheses on the physical structures responsible for the observed spectra. We find that 13 of the 14 objects are absorbed AGNs, and one is a candidate Compton-thick AGN, having intrinsic absorption

cm−2. Finally, we verified that the use of NuSTAR observations is strategic to strongly constrain the properties of obscured AGNs, since the best-fit values we obtained for parameters such as the power-law photon index Γ and the intrinsic absorption

changed sometimes significantly fitting the spectra with and without the use of NuSTAR data.
Probing the Intergalactic Medium with Lyα and 21 cm Fluctuations
Authors: Heneka Caroline , Cooray Asantha , Feng Chang 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We study 21 cm and Lyα fluctuations, as well as Hα, while distinguishing between Lyα emission of galactic, diffuse, and scattered intergalactic medium (IGM) origin. Cross-correlation information about the state of the IGM is obtained, testing neutral versus ionized medium cases with different tracers in a seminumerical simulation setup. In order to pave the way toward constraints on reionization history and modeling beyond power spectrum information, we explore parameter dependencies of the cross-power signal between 21 cm and Lyα, which displays a characteristic morphology and a turnover from negative to positive correlation at scales of a couple Mpc−1. In a proof of concept for the extraction of further information on the state of the IGM using different tracers, we demonstrate the use of the 21 cm and Hα cross-correlation signal to determine the relative strength of galactic and IGM emission in Lyα. We conclude by showing the detectability of the 21 cm and Lyα cross-correlation signal over more than one decade in scale at high signal-to-noise ratio for upcoming probes like SKA and the proposed all-sky intensity mapping satellites SPHEREx and CDIM, while also including the Lyα damping tail and 21 cm foreground avoidance in the modeling.
Crowdfunding et qualité de l’information
Authors: Cariou Christophe , Lyubareva Inna , Rochelandet Fabrice 
Published: October 2017

Le crowdfunding se distingue d’autres modes de financement en ligne en raison du rôle des communautés qui se construisent autour des projets. Rares sont les études qui s’intéressent à l’impact de ces dynamiques participatives sur la qualité des projets finaux produits à l’issue des campagnes. Pour pallier ces lacunes, notre papier s’appuie sur une étude de 40 médias en ligne et de 1200 articles publiés par ces titres, issus des deux principales plateformes de crowdfunding en France (KissKissBanBank et Ulule). Nous montrons que les campagnes de crowdfunding journalistique peuvent avoir un impact ambivalent sur les projets produits ‒ un effet négatif sur la diversité de l’information et un impact positif sur la richesse, la profondeur et la lisibilité de l’information publiée.
L’électron, la modernité et les ingénieurs d’état
Authors: Lelong Benoît 
Published: October 2017

Apparaissant au milieu des années 1890 dans les travaux de certains physiciens, redéfinissant complètement la nature de l’électricité, l’électron devient l’emblème d’une science dite « moderne », se séparant d’approches désormais qualifiées de « classiques ». Pour une part, les personnages et les collectifs portant ces dernières en France rassemblaient des anciens élèves des écoles d’ingénieurs. Cet article voudrait examiner leurs réactions à la critique intellectuelle et politique que leur adressèrent les partisans de l’électron. Loin de le rejeter, ils le réinterprétèrent pour l’incorporer à leur propre univers symbolique et institutionnel centré sur les théories mathématiques et les instruments de mesure. Ces attitudes prenaient sens dans le paysage plus général de l’électrotechnique telle que les ingénieurs d’État la réorganisaient dans ses savoirs et ses équipements. Mobilisant des imaginaires rationalisateurs, le déploiement des réseaux électriques promettait un futur socialement pacifié et économiquement stabilisé grâce au contrôle exercé par des élites techniciennes garantes du bien commun. Une nouvelle version de l’ancien projet technocratique et industrialiste fut finalement envisagée pour l’électricité. Ni radicale ni conservatrice, mais plutôt progressiste et continuiste, elle marginalisa la portée subversive de l’électron, confinant ses bouleversements éventuels à un avenir lointain et improbable.
Des outils numériques en quête d’inscription organisationnelle
Authors: Benedetto-Meyer Marie 
Published: October 2017

En quoi les outils collaboratifs transforment-ils l’organisation du travail ? L’article se fonde sur l’analyse d’une « plateforme de compétences » introduite dans le service de recherche & innovation d’une grande entreprise pour favoriser l’entraide entre les salariés et les mettre en contact pour travailler collectivement. L’analyse montre que ce dispositif semble finalement peu articulé aux modes de coordination existants, mais n’en propose pas non plus d’alternative claire. Cette imprécision génère en retour un certain embarras de la part des utilisateurs, perplexes quant à la manière de se saisir de l’outil, peu enclins à exposer leurs compétences comme leurs besoins d’aide sur la plateforme. Plus encore, l’idée de nouer des liens sans engagement ni encadrement organisationnel suscite une certaine méfiance. Partant de ce constat, l’article montre l’incomplétude de ces outils prônant de nouvelles formes de régulations, de coordination et de confiance dans les organisations sans créer les conditions de leur réalisation.