bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive surgical management of superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) in children
Authors: Cazares Joel , Rosa-Bustamante Eduardo de la , Colin-Garnica Jorge , Guillen-Cardenas Arturo , Cantu-Reyes Jorge 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening disorder. It has a low incidence, and its clinical presentation can often mimic other disorders, making its diagnosis challenging.
Methods
Four patients treated from 2017–2023 presented with chronic abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and severe weight loss, leading to malnutrition. Psychological evaluations were conducted to comprehensively assess their condition. Diagnostic tests included abdominal X-rays demonstrating gastric distension, upper gastrointestinal series revealing duodenal contrast retention, endoscopy indicating difficulty in advancing into the third portion of the duodenum and CT angiography demonstrating a decrease in the angle between the SMA and the abdominal aorta. Referral to pediatric surgery was necessary after conservative management yielded no improvement.
Results
In three patients, laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy was performed, whereas one patient underwent laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy. All patients were discharged with satisfactory recovery and no complications.
Conclusions
This study highlights the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic surgical techniques in managing pediatric SMAS patients who are unresponsive to conservative measures. Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy have demonstrated favorable outcomes in this context. Further research and data collection are warranted to continue evaluating the long-term success of these techniques in managing SMAS.
Level of evidence
IV, case series with no comparison group.
Moiré Periodic and Quasiperiodic Crystals in Heterostructures of Twisted Bilayer Graphene and Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Andrei Eva , Lai Xinyuan , Coe Angela , Li Guohong , Pixley Jedediah , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Stacking two atomic crystals with a twist between their crystal axes produces moiré potentials that modify the electronic properties. Here we show that double moiré potentials generated by superposing three atomic crystals create a new class of tunable quasiperiodic structures that alter the symmetry and spatial distribution of the electronic wavefunctions. By using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to study twisted bilayer graphene on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), we unveil a moiré phase diagram defined by the lattice constants of the two moiré lattices (graphene-on-graphene and graphene-on-hBN), comprising both commensurate periodic and incommensurate quasiperiodic crystals. Remarkably, the 1:1 commensurate crystal, which should theoretically exist at only one point on this phase diagram, is observed over a wide range, demonstrating an unexpected self-alignment mechanism. The incommensurate crystals include quasicrystals, which are quasiperiodic and feature a Bravais-forbidden dodecagonal symmetry, and intercrystals, which are also quasiperiodic but lack forbidden symmetries. This rich variety of tunable double moiré structures offers a synthetic platform for exploring the unique electronic properties of quasiperiodic crystals, which are rarely found in nature.
Intercropping Alters Phytochemical Defenses Against Insect Herbivory
Authors: FYIE JARROD Q. , STRATTON CHASE A. , MORRISON WILLIAM R. , MURRELL EBONY G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Given the multiple possible mechanisms for interspecific chemical interaction between adjacent heterospecific plants, phytochemical defenses of pest-susceptible crop species could potentially be enhanced or altered by intercropping with phytochemically diverse neighbors. We assessed the influence of intercropping between phytochemically diverse plants on aerial volatile organic compound (VOC) emission profiles by intercropping Melilotus alba and Triticum aestivum with Silphium integrifolium in AMF-inoculated soil. We also assessed the impact of intercropping on induced plant defenses by conducting an in-situ, no-choice bioassay with Spodoptera frugiperda. Of eight compound classes we identified across the three plant species, prenol lipids (terpenoids) were upregulated in silflower plants when monocropped with wheat and when herbivory was induced. Carboxylic acids and organooxygen compounds were reduced in sweetclover when intercropped with silflower, but increased under herbivory. Uninfested wheat plants emitted more organooxygen compounds and fatty acyls than infested plants when intercropped with silflower, but not when monocropped. This study showed that VOC emissions of plants from three diverse taxa are altered by both intercropping and herbivory in ways that may impact their resistance to insect herbivory. Further research into the role of intercropping on pest resistance in agroecological systems could help farmers to design intercropping systems that optimize natural plant herbivory defenses, thus improving agricultural sustainability.
The role of Artificial Intelligence as a community screening tool for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Tanzania
Authors: Mzurikwao Deogratias , Kabika Twaha , Kalonga Asa , SAKAFU LULU , Mayala Simeon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Tanzania has adopted the use of AI in TB screening, largely known as CAD4TB, with GeneXpert remaining a major confirmatory test. East setting using the technology is supposed to setup its own threshold score. But the country has not yet established the score, and no study has been done to understand the efficiency of the technology. This study proposes a threshold and analysis on the efficiency of using CAD4TB in Tanzania.
Methods
This study collected data from four mobile clinic vans, moving around the country for screening of TB. The vans are installed with digital Xray machines, CAD4TB and GeneXpert machines. We compared the score of human readers, CAD4TB against the ground truth of GeneXpert.
Results
From the study of 11923 individuals, out of the 818 suggestive cases as per radiologists reading, only 15 cases were confirmed positive by GeneXpert, that is 6.7% of all cases compared to 99% correlation of CAD4TB. Apart from this correlation of CAD4TB and GeneXpert, we also learn that most of the cases were directly subjected into GeneXpert without the use of CAD4TB although CAD4TB was installed in the vans. The analysis was based on the suggested CAD4TB score by this study.
Conclusion
This study suggests the potential use of CAD4TB in screening of TB in Tanzania and a potential threshold to use. Further studies need to be done for analysis in clinical settings.
Keywords
Nitrophenyl-group-containing Heterocycles. 3. New Isoquinolines, as antiprolifative agents against MCF7and HEGP2 Cell lines. Synthesis, characterization and biological Evaluation.
Authors: Bakhite Etify A. , Hassanien Reda , Farhan Nasser , Sayed Eman M. , Sharaky Marwa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In this study, 7-Acetyl-4-cyano-1,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-8- (3-nitrophenyl or 4-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosoquinoline-3(2H)-thiones 2a-b were synthesized and used as starting materials. Thus, compounds 2a-b were reacted with methyl iodide, ethyl chloroacetate, by heating in ethanol in the presence of sodium acetate trihydrate to give 3-substituted methylthio-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline-4-carbonitriles 3, 4, respectively. In a similar manner, the reaction of compounds 2a-b with N-arylchloroacetamides5a-c afforded the corresponding N-aryl-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroiso-quinolin-3-ylthio) acetamides 6a-c in excellent yields. In contrast, the reaction of 3b with N-(benzthiazol-2-yl)-2-chloroacetamide (12)under the same (above) conditions yielded 1-amino-N-(benzthiazol-2-yl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]isoquinoline-2-carboxamide13.Cyclization of compounds 6a-c into their 7a-cwas performed by heating in ethanol containing a catalytic amount of sodium ethoxide. The structures of all newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental and spectral analyses. Also, most of the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity in MCF7 andHEGP2 cell lines.The most potent compound against theMCF7 cell lines was compound 9b, and the most potent against HEGP2 cell lines was compound 3. Then the effects of compound 3 on the proliferation of HEPG2 cell lines was investigated using an apoptotic Annexin V-FITC test and flow cytometry. Compound 3 induced a 59-fold increase in HEPG2 cell line apoptosis and cell cycle arrested at the G0-G1, G2/M phases.
Knowledge and Perception of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Medical Students
Authors: Masood Zernash , Suhail Muzna , Anwar Khujesta , Hassan Amna , Tariq Kinza , Zafar Huzaifa , Ahmad Namra , Hussain Syed Mamnoon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine illness in women of reproductive age, prevailing globally. It is a major reproductive health issue and due to its association with chronic health problems, it is considered a significant health problem. This study’s purpose is to determine and interpret the medical students' knowledge and perception related to polycystic ovarian syndrome, who are studying in Lahore, Pakistan. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in medical colleges of Lahore, Pakistan, recruiting 406 participants for this study. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data via an online platform, and the data was statistically analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The results showed that the participants had adequate knowledge about PCOS, with the majority (30.8%) getting their information from family and friends. The majority of the participants correlated negative perceptions such as depression (93.1%) and increased risk for cancer (67.7%) with PCOS. In addition, when asked about the symptoms of PCOS, 91.6% responded with irregularity or absence of menstrual cycle. Furthermore, it was observed that student’s perception regarding PCOS was that, it could lead to miscarriage (74.6%). However, most of the students (79.3%) believed that a healthy lifestyle could control it. The current study revealed that educational level significantly affected participants’ knowledge about PCOS, as this study only includes participants with a medical background having adequate knowledge. There is still a need to evaluate and enhance knowledge and perception of PCOS among the general population.
La evolución de la política pública de la restitución de tierra en Colombia que determinó la expedición de la ley 1448 de 2011
Authors: Arévalo Perdomo Estefanía , Sotomayor Espitia Diana Carolina 
Published: September 2024

Este artículo aborda la evolución de la política pública de restitución de tierras en Colombia hasta la expedición de la Ley 1448 de 2011, para lo cual se realiza un estudio del tránsito normativo, la injerencia de la Corte Constitucional, así como de las principales características del acápite de restitución de tierras de la Ley. El documento se realizó a través de un análisis doctrinal, mediante el estudio de las normas que se consideran más relevantes, para comprender la restitución de tierras en Colombia, así como de la jurisprudencia constitucional que se ha desarrollo en torno a los aspectos que se consideran más relevantes.
Construction of a PANoptosis-related Prognostic Signature for Predicting Prognosis, Tumor Microenvironment, and Immune Response in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Li Yonghong , Lyu Guizhen 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The PANoptosis pathway is a recently identified mechanism of
cellular death that involves the interaction and synchronization among cellular pyroptosis,
apoptosis, and necrosis. More and more evidence suggests that PANoptosis is involved
in the development and treatment of cancer. However, a comprehensive understanding
of the influence of PANoptosis genes on prognostic value, tumor microenvironment
characteristics, and therapeutic outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer (OC) remains
incomplete.

Objective:
The present work was designed to devise a PANoptosis signature for OC
prognosis and explore its potential molecular function.

Methods:
For this study, we obtained RNA sequencing and clinical data for ovarian cancer
from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the GSE32062 cohort. Somatic variants
of PANoptosis-related genes (PRGs) in OC were analyzed using GSCA. TCGA-OC and
GSE32062 were used to construct training and validation cohorts for the model. Differential
expression and correlation analyses were performed following the screening of
genes with prognostic ability using univariate Cox analysis. Least Absolute Shrinkage
and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was performed to construct PRG signature
based on genes that were differentially expressed and correlated with prognosis. CIBERSORT
and ESTIMATE were used to analyze the relationship between the PRGs signature
and immune infiltration. TIDE was used to analyze the relationship between the
PRG signature and immune checkpoint genes. OncoPredict was used to analyze the relationship
between the PRG signature and the drug sensitivity. Quantitative real-time PCR
(qRT-PCR) was used to validate the expression of PRGs in OC.

Results:
The PRG signature was constructed using three prognostic genes (AIM2,
APAF1, and ZBP1) in both TCGA-OC. The results showed that the PRGs signature had
an AUC of 0.521, 0.546, and 0.598 in TCGA-OC and 0.620, 0.586, and 0.579 in
GSE32062 to predict to predict OS at 1-, 3-, and 5-year intervals. Furthermore, a higher
PRG signature risk score was significantly associated with shorter OS (HR = 1.693,
95% CI: 1.303 - 2.202, p = 8.34 × 10^-5 in TCGA-OC and HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.13 -
2.35, p = 0.009 in GSE32062). The risk score was identified as the independent prognostic
factor for OC. Patients categorized according to their risk score exhibited notable
variations in immune status, response to immunotherapy, and sensitivity to drugs.
AIM2, APAF1, and ZBP1 were significantly aberrantly expressed in OC cell lines.

Conclusion:
The PRG signature has the potential to serve as a prognostic predictor for
OC and to provide new insights into OC treatment.

other:
The findings emphasize the importance of PRGs in the advancement and growth of OC and establish a foundation for implementing PRG signatures as a therapeutic strategy for patients with OC.
Research Progress in Starch-based Dye Adsorbents
Authors: Haodi Wang , Wen Liu , Jianjian Xin , Shuxing Zhao , Yujuan Jin , Haibo Lei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Starch is a typical environment-friendly biomass material and there are considerable quantities
of reactive hydroxyl groups in the starch molecule chain. Modifications could introduce a large
number of functional groups, which can bind some dyeing contaminants, thereby removing the dyes.
According to the different modification methods, starch-based adsorbents can be divided into three
categories that are aminated-modified starch, ionic-modified starch, and composite-modified starch.
The preparation method, structure properties, and adsorption capacity of modified starch dye adsorbents
have been reviewed in this article. It can be concluded that the adsorption property of adsorbents
depends on different adsorption conditions and modification methods. The adsorption properties
of the adsorbents have been found to be influenced by temperature, initial concentration of dyes,
and pH value of solution. Amination modification can introduce amino or amine groups into the
starch skeleton to enhance the chelation or electrostatic effect of the adsorbents on dyes. Ion modification
can improve the ion exchange and electrostatic interaction between the adsorbents and the
dye. Composite modification can improve specific surface area, pore size, adsorption site, and structural
stability of the adsorbents. Future studies are required to focus on producing dye adsorbents
with high adsorption performance, stable structure, recyclability, and degradability.
Positive Psychotic Symptoms after Escitalopram Treatment in a Female Adolescent with Peroxisome Spectrum Disorder Due to PEX-6 Gene Mutation
Authors: Kılıç Buket , Ünal Dilek 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
In this case report, we present positive psychotic symptoms that developed
after low-dose (5 mg/day) escitalopram treatment in a 16-year-old female adolescent with a peroxisome
biogenesis disorder.

Case presentation:
Two weeks after starting escitalopram treatment for depression, the patient experienced
vomiting attacks several times a day. About 2-3 days after the attacks began, the family
stopped administering escitalopram. Five days after the onset of vomiting and 2-3 days after stopping
escitalopram, the patient developed visual and auditory hallucinations and persecutory delusions.
During the patient's follow-up period, the diversity of her hallucinations and delusions increased.
When olanzapine treatment was gradually increased to 20 mg/day, the patient's psychotic
symptoms disappeared.

Conclusion:
We discuss serotonin syndrome, drug-induced bipolar disorder, and psychotic disorder
in the differential diagnosis. We believe that this case report is valuable as it is the first in the literature
regarding the development of positive psychotic symptoms after SSRI use in a patient with a
peroxisome biogenesis disorder.
Perspektif Guru Tentang Kemampuan Literasi Anak Usia Dini Di Tahun Awal Masuk SD
Authors: Sulistiyawati Dhesta Youlandi Rahayu , Utami Wulan Tri Puji , Utaminingtyas Siwi 
Published: September 2024

Perkembangan literasi anak usia dini ditandai dengan anak-anak berkomunikasi. Di Indonesia, anak usia dini yang akan memasuki tingkat sekolah dasar (SD) harus mengikuti seleksi untuk melihat kemampuan literasi yang dimiliki. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui berbagai perspektif atau pandangan guru SD terhadap kemampuan literasi anak usia dini ketika akan memasuki SD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pendekatan kualitatif fenomenologi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini 30 guru yang sedang mengajar di sekolah dasar baik negeri maupun swasta di wilayah Kota Yogyakarta dengan berbagai latar belakang pendidikan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh SD yang terlibat menggunakan tes seleksi sebagai persyaratan masuk, diantaranya tes dalam bidang kognitif, non kognitif, maupun keterampilan lain yang dibuktikan dengan kepemilikan sertifikat kejuaraan. Prespektif guru mengenai calon peserta didik yaitu mampu mambaca dan menulis dengan lancar. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil wawancara dari 30 guru, 3 guru tidak setuju dengan pendapat tersebut, sedangkan 27 guru lainnya setuju. Artinya, sebagian besar perspektif guru SD terhadap kemampuan literasi calon peserta didik adalah mampu membaca perkata dan menulis kalimat sederhana.
The Development of Heart Failure Electronic-Message Driven Tips to Support Self-Management: Co-Design Case Study
Authors: Ferguson Caleb , William Scott , Allida Sabine M , Fulcher Jordan , Jenkins Alicia J , Lattimore Jo-Dee , Loch L-J , Keech Anthony 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome associated with high morbidity and mortality and increased health care use. Patient education is key to improving health outcomes, achieved by promoting self-management to optimize medical management. Newer digital tools like SMS text messaging and smartphone apps provide novel patient education approaches.

Objective
This study aimed to partner with clinicians and people with lived experience of HF to identify the priority educational topic areas to inform the development and delivery of a bank of electronic-message driven tips (e-TIPS) to support HF self-management.

Methods
We conducted 3 focus groups with cardiovascular clinicians, people with lived experience of HF, and their caregivers, which consisted of 2 stages: stage 1 (an exploratory qualitative study to identify the unmet educational needs of people living with HF; previously reported) and stage 2 (a co-design feedback session to identify educational topic areas and inform the delivery of e-TIPS). This paper reports the findings of the co-design feedback session.

Results
We identified 5 key considerations in delivering e-TIPS and 5 relevant HF educational topics for their content. Key considerations in e-TIP delivery included (1) timing of the e-TIPS; (2) clear and concise e-TIPS; (3) embedding a feedback mechanism; (4) distinguishing actionable and nonactionable e-TIPS; and (5) frequency of e-TIP delivery. Relevant educational topic areas included the following: (1) cardiovascular risk reduction, (2) self-management, (3) food and nutrition, (4) sleep hygiene, and (5) mental health.

Conclusions
The findings from this co-design case study have provided a foundation for developing a bank of e-TIPS. These will now be evaluated for usability in the BANDAIDS e-TIPS, a single-group, quasi-experimental study of a 24-week e-TIP program (personalized educational messages) delivered via SMS text messaging (ACTRN12623000644662).
Optimal choice of indicators for timely assessment of the prognosis of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients
Authors: Ruzhentsova T. A. , Mirzajonova D. B. , Zhanibekov Zh. Zh. , Khavkina D. A. , Chukhliaev P. V. , Borisova O. Yu. , Meshkova N. A. 
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study was to identify the indicators that are most signiﬁcant for predicting the features of the course of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients.Materials and methods. 250 case histories of patients aged 18 to 86 years with COVID-19 hospitalized in the hospital of the city of Nukus, Republic of Uzbekistan, redesigned to provide care to patients with COVID-19 from July 1, 2020 to March 2022, were analyzed. Patients who had a wave–like course of the disease with the development of complications, an increase in the volume of lung damage, were included in the main group (62 patients, 3 of whom were extremely severe). The patients who had stable positive dynamics (188 people) formed a comparison group.Results and discussion. Among patients over 65 years of age, 36% had a complicated course, in the 45–65 age group — 29% (p>0.05), and among patients under 45 years of age — 13% (p<0.05). The main group was dominated by men (79%). Among hospitalized villagers, an increase in the severity of the condition was noted in 30% of cases, and among patients from the city of Nukus, such patients were 20% (p<0.05). The highest values of D-dimer, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein were in both groups, signiﬁcant differences between the groups were revealed in the levels of D-dimer and interleukin-6. Signiﬁcant differences between the groups were found in the levels of D-dimer, interleukin-6, ferritin, ALT, AST, and urea.Conclusion. COVID-19 has become one of the most studied diseases to date, but aspects of the course of this disease in certain population groups are still not sufficiently investigated. The complicated, progressive course of COVID-19, according to the results of our study, was recorded in all age groups of the adult population, more often in men from rural areas aged over 45 years with chronic diseases. The main prognostic markers of the complicated and progressive course of COVID-19 should be considered high levels of D-dimer, interleukin-6 and ferritin.