bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein expression profiling in haemocytes and plasma of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in response to infection with Perkinsus olseni
Authors: Fernández‐Boo S , Villalba A , Cao A 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe protein expression profiling in clam haemocytes and plasma in response to Perkinsus olseni was addressed. Adult Manila clams from a P. olseni‐free bed were experimentally challenged with parasite zoospores to analyse immune response. In another experiment, the effects of longer term infection were assessed in adult clams collected from a P. olseni‐affected bed, by comparing moderate to very heavily infected clams with non‐infected ones. Haemocyte and plasma proteins were separated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis; spot patterns were qualitatively compared between treatments within each experiment and the spots indicating differential protein expression associated with P. olseni challenge or with field infection were processed for protein identification. Fifteen clam proteins (four in haemocytes and eleven in plasma) of which expression was markedly affected by P. olseni were identified. Some of the identified proteins have a well‐known role in clam immune response against the parasite, such as lysozyme and lectins. Rho GTPase‐activating protein 6 could be a marker of resistance against P. olseni, which should be further studied.
The fate of zircon during UHT–UHP metamorphism: isotopic (U/Pb, δ18O, Hf) and trace element constraints
Authors: Kotková J. , Whitehouse M. , Schaltegger U. , D'Abzac F.‐X. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGarnet–clinopyroxene ultra‐high‐pressure (UHP) rocks from the northern Bohemian Massif contain zircon with micro‐diamond inclusions. Trace element concentrations, oxygen and hafnium isotopic composition and U–Pb age of distinct textural domains in zircon characterize their growth conditions and temporal evolution. Diamond‐bearing zircon mantle domains with relicts of oscillatory zoning have uniform Th/U ratios (~0.1–0.2), high‐Ti contents (110–190 ppm, corresponding to temperatures of at least 1100 °C), and some (two of 17 mantle analyses) preserve steep heavy rare earth element (HREE) patterns with YbN/GdN = 10–11, with a weak negative Eu anomaly. These signatures are consistent with crystallization from a melt under UHP/ultra‐high‐temperature (UHT) conditions. Some of the bright‐cathodoluminscence (CL) rims preserve Th/U and Ti values characteristic of the zircon mantles, but others show elevated Th/U ratios of ~0.3–0.4 and lower Ti contents (20–40 ppm; only 13 ppm in a rare low‐CL outer rim). As they feature flat HREE patterns and negative Eu anomalies and commonly make embayments and truncate the mantle zoning, we suggest that they have formed through recrystallization in the solid state during exhumation of the rock, when both garnet and plagioclase were stable. The three zircon domains, that is, cores, mantles and rims, yield U–Pb concordia ages of 340.9 ± 1.5, 340.3 ± 1.5 and 341.2 ± 3.4 Ma respectively. When linked to the previously reconstructed P–T path of the rock, the error limits of the zircon mantle and rim ages constrain the exhumation of the rocks from depth of ~140 km (UHP) to ~80 km (HP) to a minimum rate of 1.5 cm yr−1. The zircon cores are heterogeneous in terms of Th/U ratio (below 0.1 but also above 0.2) and REE characteristics, and their εHf values scatter between −15.7 and +4.8 with similar values for individual domains within a single zircon grain suggesting a very localized control on hafnium isotope composition on a grain scale. The non‐equilibrated εHf values as well as a large range of the Hf‐depleted mantle model ages possibly reflect the presence of a heterogeneous population of old zircon. Consequently, the uniform and young 238U/206Pb ages may represent (near‐)complete resetting of the U–Pb geochronometer during the UHP–UHT event at c. 340 Ma through dissolution–reprecipitation process. In contrast to Hf, the oxygen isotope composition of zircon is homogeneous, ranging between 7.8‰ and 9.6‰ VSMOW, reflecting a source containing upper crustal material and homogenization at UHP–UHT conditions. Our study documents that continental crust was subducted to mantle depths at c. 340 Ma during the Variscan orogeny and was subsequently very rapidly exhumed, implying that the sequence of events was faster than can be resolved by the secondary ion mass spectrometry technique.
Early Mesoproterozoic (1.6–1.5 Ga) granulite facies events in the Ongole domain: geodynamic significance and global correlation
Authors: Sarkar T. , Schenk V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe late Palaeoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic Ongole domain of the Eastern Ghats Belt in southeastern India is composed of a suite of charnoenderbites with enclaves of metapelitic and mafic granulites. Geochemical data for all meta‐igneous rocks are typical for continental magmatic arc suites. The rocks preserve mineral assemblages and reaction textures indicating two separate metamorphic events: an initial counter‐clockwise medium‐pressure ultrahigh temperature (MP−UHT) event (>900 °C at 6.5–7.0 kbar), attributed to the magmatic accretion of the arc, which was followed by a clockwise HP‐MT event (~700 °C at 9 kbar), attributed to its tectonic crustal thickening. Zircon dating of charnoenderbites yield magmatic crystallization ages between 1.75 and 1.70 Ga and metamorphic ages between 1.62 and 1.60 Ga. Syn‐metamorphic enderbites yield magmatic and metamorphic zircon ages of c. 1.60 Ga, overlapping with all other metamorphic rim ages. In contrast, texturally controlled monazite dating of two chemically distinct monazite generations reveals two metamorphic events at c. 1.62 and c. 1.54 Ga. These data suggest that the Ongole domain was formed as a magmatic arc during the Palaeoproterozoic (c. 1.75–1.70 Ga), and subsequently experienced UHT metamorphism accompanied by syn‐metamorphic intrusions at c. 1.60 Ga, suggesting magmatic underplating as the metamorphic heat source. The subsequent crustal thickening at c. 1.54 Ga was due to the collision of the Ongole magmatic arc with the Indian craton. The UHT metamorphism and the related orogenic processes of the Ongole domain fall into the assumed late Palaeoproterozoic to late Mesoproterozoic ‘orogenic and UHT time gap’ (1.8–1.1 Ga) regarded by some studies as an orogenic quiescent period after the formation of the Palaeoproterozoic supercontinent known as Columbia or Nuna at c. 2.1–1.8 Ga. Coeval orogenic processes at c. 1.7–1.5 Ga occurring along accretionary margins in different fragments of Columbia (India, Australia, Antarctica and southwest Africa) indicate a protracted formation of this supercontinent.
Intersectionality and the Role of White Women: An Analysis of Divorce Petitions from Slavery
Authors: Feinstein Rachel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractResearch on sexual violence and rape during slavery often focuses on the dynamic between white men and black women. However, white women played an important intermediate role in the sexual violence of enslaved black women. Analyzing divorce petitions submitted during slavery, the unique role of white women and their responses to sexual violence carried out by their husbands offer additional depth to the discussion of rape of enslaved black women. Furthermore, this analysis adds to intersectionality theory with the concept of a web of intersectional incentives, tactics, and consequences that encourage the maintenance of oppression.
Post‐Authoritarian State Formation in Argentina: Transitional Justice as the Accumulation of Symbolic Power
Authors: Carmody Michelle Frances 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLooking at the transitions to democracy in Latin America during the late 20th century, a number of scholars observed that human rights and transitional justice had become the central legitimizing axis of the new, post‐authoritarian order. But the question of how human rights and transitional justice measures became such powerful sources of legitimacy in the first place was left unexplored. In this article I use Bourdieu's concept of symbolic capital along with Mara Loveman's explanation of the accumulation of this capital to explain how transitional justice came to function as a form of post‐authoritarian state formation in Argentina.
Web‐based information on the treatment of oral leukoplakia – quality and readability
Authors: Wiriyakijja Paswach , Fedele Stefano , Porter Stephen , Ni Riordain Richeal 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo categorise the content and assess the quality and readability of the online information regarding the treatment for oral leukoplakia.MethodsAn online search using the term ‘leukoplakia treatment’ was carried out on 8th June 2015 using the Google search engine. The content, quality and readability of the first 100 sites were explored. The quality of the web information was assessed using the following tools, the DISCERN instrument and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks for website analysis and the HON seal. Readability was assessed via the Flesch Reading Ease Score.ResultsThe search strategy generated 357 000 sites on the Google search engine. Due to duplicate links, non‐operating links and irrelevant links, a total of 47 of the first 100 websites were included in this study. The mean overall rating achieved by included websites using the DISCERN instrument was 2.3. With regard to the JAMA benchmarks, the vast majority of examined websites (95.7%) completely fulfilled the disclosure benchmark and less than 50% of included websites met the three remaining criteria. A mean total readability score of 47.5 was recorded with almost 90% of websites having a readability level ranging from fairly difficult to very difficult.ConclusionBased on this study, the online health information regarding oral leukoplakia has challenging readability with content of questionable accuracy. As patients often search for health information online, it would be prudent for clinicians to highlight the caution with which online information should be interpreted.
Risk factors, complications and outcome of cholelithiasis in children: A retrospective, single‐centre review
Authors: Tuna Kirsaclioglu Ceyda , Çuhacı Çakır Bahar , Bayram Gulsah , Akbıyık Fatih , Işık Pamir , Tunç Bahattin 
Published: May 2016

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical presentation, risk factors, complications, treatment and outcomes of cholelithiasis in children.MethodsChildren with cholelithiasis were reviewed for demographic information, predisposing factors, presenting symptoms, laboratory findings, complications, treatment and outcome, retrospectively.ResultsA total of 254 children with cholelithiasis (mean age: 8.9 ± 5.2 years) were recruited to the study. Girls (52.8%) were significantly older than boys (P < 0.001). Symptomatic patients (59%) were significantly older than asymptomatic patients (P = 0.002). Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom. No risk factors were identified in 56.6% of the patients. Ceftriaxone (20%) was the most commonly associated risk factor. At presentation, at least one of the following complications was seen in 14.1% of patients: cholecystitis (10.9%), obstructive jaundice (2.7%), pancreatitis (1.96%) and cholangitis (1.2%). There was no relationship between gallstone size and symptoms, aetiological factors and complications. The cholelithiasis dissolution rate was higher in younger children (P = 0.032), in those with biliary sludge (P < 0.0001) and ceftriaxone‐related cholelithiasis (P < 0.001). Haemolytic anaemia (P = 0.001) and older age (P = 0.002) were associated with stable stones. Ursodeoxycholic acid was administered to 94.4% of patients at presentation. Twenty‐nine patients underwent cholecystectomy, and seven patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreotography. Patients who were symptomatic at presentation had significantly more frequent symptoms at follow‐up (P < 0.001)ConclusionsDissolution rate of cholelithiasis was higher in younger children, biliary sludge formation and ceftriaxone‐related cholelithiasis but lower in older children and haemolytic anaemia‐related cholelithiasis.
Naming, Saying, and Structure
Authors: Pickel Bryan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is commonplace for philosophers to distinguish mere truths from truths that perspicuously represent the world's structure. According to a popular view, the perspicuous truths are supposed to be metaphysically revelatory and to play an important role in the accounts of law‐hood, confirmation, and linguistic interpretation. Yet, there is no consensus about how to characterize this distinction. I examine strategies developed by Lewis and by Sider in hisWriting the Book of the Worldwhich purport to explain this distinction in terms of vocabulary: the truths that represent the world perspicuously have better, joint‐carving vocabulary. I argue that the distinction between a perspicuous and mere truth concerns both the vocabulary of the sentence and its grammar. I then show that the collective motivations for distinguishing perspicuous from mere truths do not allow Lewis and Sider to properly impose constraints on grammar.
Imprecise Probabilities and Unstable Betting Behaviour
Authors: Mahtani Anna 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMany have argued that a rational agent's attitude towards a proposition may be better represented by a probability range than by a single number. I show that in such cases an agent will have unstable betting behaviour, and so will behave in an unpredictable way. I use this point to argue against a range of responses to the ‘two bets’ argument for sharp probabilities.
The Zombies Among Us
Authors: Olson Eric T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhilosophers disagree about whether there could be “zombies”: beings physically identical to normal human people but lacking consciousness. Establishing their possibility would refute physicalism. But it is seldom noted that the popular “constitution view” of human people implies that our bodies actually are zombies. This would contradict several widely held views in the philosophy of mind.
Control of floral transition in the bioenergy crop switchgrass
Authors: Niu Lifang , Fu Chunxiang , Lin Hao , Wolabu Tezera W. , Wu Yanqi , Wang Zeng‐Yu , Tadege Million 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a perennial warm season bunchgrass native to North America, has been a target in the U.S. as a renewable bioenergy crop because of its ability to produce moderate to high biomass yield on marginal soils. Delaying flowering can increase vegetative biomass production by allowing prolonged growth before switching to the reproductive phase. Despite the identification of flowering time as a biomass trait in switchgrass, the molecular regulatory factors involved in controlling floral transition are poorly understood. Here we identified PvFT1, PvAPL1‐3 and PvSL1, 2 as key flowering regulators required from floral transition initiation to development of floral organs. PvFT1 expression in leaves is developmentally regulated peaking at the time of floral transition, and diurnally regulated with peak at approximately 2 h into the dark period. Ectopic expression of PvFT1 in Arabidopsis, Brachypodium and switchgrass led to extremely early flowering, and activation of FT downstream target genes, confirming that it is a strong activator of flowering in switchgrass. Ectopic expression of PvAPL1‐3 and PvSL1, 2 in Arabidopsis also activated early flowering with distinct floral organ phenotypes. Our results suggest that switchgrass has conserved flowering pathway regulators similar to Arabidopsis and rice.
Acidic tumor microenvironment in human melanoma
Authors: Böhme Ines , Bosserhoff Anja Katrin 
Published: May 2016

SummaryOne characteristic of solid tumors such as malignant melanoma is the acidification of the tumor microenvironment. The deregulation of cancer cell metabolism is considered a main cause of extracellular acidosis. Here, cancer cells utilize aerobic glycolysis instead of oxidative phosphorylation even under normoxic conditions, as originally described by Otto Warburg. These metabolic alterations cause enhanced acid production, especially of lactate and carbon dioxide (CO2). The extensive production of acidic metabolites and the enhanced acid export to the extracellular space cause a consistent acidification of the tumor microenvironment, thus promoting the formation of an acid‐resistant tumor cell population with increased invasive and metastatic potential. As melanoma is one of the deadliest and most metastatic forms of cancer, understanding the effects of this extracellular acidosis on human melanoma cells with distinct metastatic properties is important. The aim of this review was to summarize recent studies of the acidification of the tumor microenvironment, focusing on the specific effects of the acidic milieu on melanoma cells and to give a short overview of therapeutic approaches.
Pilot study on the feasibility of limited focused real‐time echocardiography during pediatric renal transplantation
Authors: Taylor Katherine , Lorenzo Armando , Mertens Luc , Dragulescu Andreea 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPediatric renal transplantation protocols describe supraphysiological blood pressure and CVP to optimize graft perfusion. Ideal CVP and blood pressure targets in children are uncertain and difficult to achieve and/or sustain without incurring morbidity. We correlated intra‐operative ECHO with standard monitoring to assess intravascular volume at critical intra‐operative stages. A feasibility pilot study of real‐time limited ECHO images during four critical stages of pediatric renal transplantation (baseline; venous and arterial clamps on; clamps off; 5–10 min post‐clamp release) was conducted. Simultaneous CVP, SBP and DBP measurements were obtained with ECHO images. A surgeon blinded to the ECHO study assessed the quality of graft perfusion. Thirteen patients (nine TTE and four TEE) were enrolled. The CI increased in all patients at vascular clamp removal and the post‐resuscitation period (average increase in CI 20%, range 8–49%). SBP, DBP and CVP were inconsistent. ECHO data confirmed an appropriate CI increase even when the targeted CVP and BP values described in protocols were not achieved. The surgeons were satisfied with graft perfusion in 12 of 13 cases, with one locally obstructed vessel. We suggested that aiming for fixed targets in CVP and BP is not necessary to augment CI and encourage good renal perfusion.
Survival of high‐risk pediatric neuroblastoma patients in a developing country
Authors: Easton Joseph C. , Gomez Sergio , Asdahl Peter H. , Conner J. Michael , Fynn Alcira B. , Ruiz Claudia , Ojha Rohit P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLittle information is available about survival of high‐risk pediatric neuroblastoma patients in developing countries. We aimed to assess survival among high‐risk pediatric neuroblastoma patients in La Plata, Argentina. Individuals eligible for our cohort were aged <20 yr when diagnosed with high‐risk neuroblastoma and received cancer‐directed therapy including stem cell transplantation at Hospital de Niños Sor Maria Ludovica between February 1999 and February 2015. We estimated overall survival probabilities using an extended Kaplan–Meier approach. Our study population comprised 39 high‐risk neuroblastoma patients, of whom 39% were aged >4 yr at diagnosis, 54% were male, and 62% had adrenal neuroblastoma. We observed 18 deaths, and the median survival time of our study population was 1.7 yr. The five‐yr overall survival probability was 24% (95% CL: 10%, 41%). In contrast, five‐yr survival of high‐risk neuroblastoma patients ranges between 23% and 76% in developed countries. Survival among high‐risk neuroblastoma patients is generally poor regardless of geographic location, but our results illustrate dramatically worse survival for patients in a developing country. We speculate that the observed survival differences could be attenuated or eliminated with improvements in treatment and supportive care, but addressing these issues will require creative solutions because of resource limitations.
Using International Videoconferencing to Extend the Global Reach of Community Health Nursing Education
Authors: Ziemba Rosemary , Sarkar Norma J. , Pickus Becca , Dallwig Amber , Wan Jiayi Angela , Alcindor Hilda 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTravel abroad provides college students with a unique learning experience. When plans to take undergraduate community health nursing students from the United States to Haiti were cancelled due to health and safety concerns, faculty piloted international videoconferencing with a nursing program in Haiti as an alternative. During this semester‐long course, students in both countries assessed a local community using the Community as Partner framework and compared findings during videoconferences with their international peers. Despite communication challenges such as language barriers and limited internet access in Haiti, evaluative data suggests that all students valued learning with their nursing student peers in another country. For future international videoconferencing endeavors, especially with under‐resourced communities, we provide recommendations in the following categories: 1) Building relationships with a partner school, 2) Technology, 3) Pedagogy, and 4) Facilitating interactions between students.
All 17 S‐locus F‐box proteins of the S2‐ and S3‐haplotypes of Petunia inflata are assembled into similar SCF complexes with a specific function in self‐incompatibility
Authors: Li Shu , Williams Justin S. , Sun Penglin , Kao Teh‐hui 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe collaborative non‐self‐recognition model for S‐RNase‐based self‐incompatibility predicts that multiple S‐locus F‐box proteins (SLFs) produced by pollen of a given S‐haplotype collectively mediate ubiquitination and degradation of all non‐self S‐RNases, but not self S‐RNases, in the pollen tube, thereby resulting in cross‐compatible pollination but self‐incompatible pollination. We had previously used pollen extracts containing GFP‐fused S2‐SLF1 (SLF1 with an S2‐haplotype) of Petunia inflata for co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) and mass spectrometry (MS), and identified PiCUL1‐P (a pollen‐specific Cullin1), PiSSK1 (a pollen‐specific Skp1‐like protein) and PiRBX1 (a conventional Rbx1) as components of the SCFS2–SLF1 complex. Using pollen extracts containing PiSSK1:FLAG:GFP for Co‐IP/MS, we identified two additional SLFs (SLF4 and SLF13) that were assembled into SCFSLF complexes. As 17 SLF genes (SLF1 to SLF17) have been identified in S2 and S3 pollen, here we examined whether all 17 SLFs are assembled into similar complexes and, if so, whether these complexes are unique to SLFs. We modified the previous Co‐IP/MS procedure, including the addition of style extracts from four different S‐genotypes to pollen extracts containing PiSSK1:FLAG:GFP, to perform four separate experiments. The results taken together show that all 17 SLFs and an SLF‐like protein, SLFLike1 (encoded by an S‐locus‐linked gene), co‐immunoprecipitated with PiSSK1:FLAG:GFP. Moreover, of the 179 other F‐box proteins predicted by S2 and S3 pollen transcriptomes, only a pair with 94.9% identity and another pair with 99.7% identity co‐immunoprecipitated with PiSSK1:FLAG:GFP. These results suggest that SCFSLF complexes have evolved specifically to function in self‐incompatibility.