bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Improved Method for Calculating Viscosity Index (VI) of Low Viscosity Base Oils
Authors: Covitch M. J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The phenomenon of “VI droop” has been observed for many years for low viscosity oils within a given family of base oils. Whereas base oils with 100°C kinematic viscosity greater than 4 mm2/s (cSt) easily conform to the nominal API base oil group of its family, 2 and 3 mm2/s products often do not. For example, the low viscosity members of the NEXBASE® API Group III family are technically Group II oils because their viscosity index values fall below the 120 minimum established for Group III. Although it might appear that the low viscosity oils are of lower quality than their higher viscosity siblings, all are produced by the same refining technique and share the same rheological profile. As formulated engine oils evolve into lower SAE viscosity grades in the future to meet OEM demands for greater fuel economy, lighter base oils will become increasingly important formulating components. Therefore, a study to understand the underlying cause(s) of VI droop for low viscosity base oils was undertaken.
Research on Load-Spectrum Construction of Automobile Key Parts Based on Monte Carlo Sampling
Authors: Wang M.-L. , Liu X.-T. , Wang X.-L. , Wang Y.-S. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Load spectrum is a decisive factor that is used to analyze fatigue, reliability, and durability of components. In this article, the typical load spectrum of proving ground is collected through load measurement equipment. Load-spectrum preprocessing, including spikes filter, signal denoising, and low-amplitude load elimination, are completed. According to parts correlation of automotive transmission systems, the load transmission route is established. The Monte Carlo sampling is applied to analyze interference of random factors in the process of load transfer route. Load spectrum of key parts of the automobile is determined and thus rain flow counting analysis is scheduled. A non-parametric method is used to complete load-spectrum extrapolation. Eventually, one-dimensional and two-dimensional programming load spectrums are built. The technical basis for fatigue life prediction and references for other similar researches are provided in this article.
Experimental Study of Micropile Lateral Resistance Effectiveness
Authors: Du Y. , Bai M. , Chen Y. , Wang X. , Li Z. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The range of soil around the micropile when the pile is mobilized by force and the sensitivity of design parameters variation to the effect of micropile was studied by the prototype test and numerical calculation of the effect of lateral resistance of micropile. During the experiment, the variation of soil pressure around the micropile was monitored under the step loading, and the influence distance of lateral resistance on the pile is analyzed, and the high, middle, and low impact radius is defined according to the degree of influence. The distribution of vertical displacement of soil around pile when the pile diameter, pile length, and soil physical properties change was analyzed using numerical calculation, as well as the effects of normalized parameters on the influence of lateral resistance. Results showed that to better utilize the anti-slide coupling effect between piles where the soil overlying on the slope is formed by silty clay, pile spacing should be within the mid to high impact radius. Compared to other parameter changes, optimizing the pile length had the greatest effect on increasing pile lateral resistance and impact radius. Results provided a basis for designing effective pile spacing in anti-slide micropile groups.
Evaluation of Several Sampling Procedures for Spatial Analysis of Natural Turfgrass Sports Field Properties
Authors: Straw C. M. , Henry G. M. , Love K. , Carrow R. N. , Cline V. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Spatial analysis of sports field properties are valuable for the development of a site-specific management program. Our objective was to evaluate six sampling grid sizes (2.4 m × 4.8 m, 4.8 m × 4.8 m, 4.8 m × 9.6 m, 9.6 m × 9.6 m, 9.6 m × 19.2 m, and 19.2 m × 19.2 m) for the spatial analysis of volumetric water content (VWC), penetration resistance, and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) on two football fields (sandy loam and sand capped soils) near field capacity and under drier soil conditions. Descriptive statistics and geostatistical methods (spatial maps and kriging variances) were employed to compare results of the sampling grid sizes. Spatial variations of measured properties between soil moisture conditions were minimal for each sampling grid size; however, the magnitude of VWC and penetration resistance was strongly influenced. Small-scale variability of VWC decreased on maps created from the 9.6 m × 9.6 m sampling grid and greater, but large scale variability was evident with most sampling grids. Small-scale variability of penetration resistance was more noticeable on the native soil field, while comparable maps were observed for all sampling grids between 2.4 m × 4.8 m and 9.6 m × 9.6 m when the field was near field capacity. On the sand capped field, the 19.2 m × 19.2 m sampling grid produced the only incomparable map of penetration resistance, regardless of soil moisture condition. NDVI results were influenced by paint present on each field. It is recommended that sports field managers begin with a 4.8 m × 9.6 m sampling grid to conduct a baseline standard of field properties when soil is near field capacity. Subsequent sampling should be conducted under similar soil moisture conditions with the baseline used for comparison over time. The sampling grid can be adjusted depending on the variability of the field property and desired accuracy.
Programa de Mobilização Universitária para o Desenvolvimento Regional: extensão universitária na perspectiva da terceira missão
Authors: Lorenzi Gisele Maria Amim Caldas 
Published: October 2017

Resumo: O ¨Programa de mobilização universitária para o desenvolvimento regional¨ foi concebido como uma via de promoção do processo criativo e inovador tendo como ponto de partida que a partir da indissociabilidade ensino-pesquisa-extensão os acadêmicos exercem a cidadania e são os agentes transformadores do seu ambiente de atuação. Este programa tem como finalidade identificar no âmbito do Estado do Paraná, a priori, municípios cujos indicadores de desenvolvimento estejam aquém das metas estabelecidas ou consideradas satisfatórias, por exemplo, pela ONU e outras entidades. Em parceria com o governo local identificar as demandas, elaborar e implantar ações que contribuam para a melhoria da qualidade de vida local. O município de Adrianópolis, localizado no Vale do Ribeira no estado do Paraná, foi escolhido como pioneiro para execução das atividades. Nos dois anos de execução do Programa já foram realizados 20 projetos, os quais contaram com a participação de 14 cursos, 40 professores e 1200 acadêmicos. Pode-se inferir que o Programa está em consonância com o papel da universidade enquanto espaço de geração, utilização e aplicação do conhecimento tanto no espaço da própria universidade como no seu entorno. Em nenhum momento a Universidade buscou assumir o papel ou a responsabilidade do Estado. Palavras-chave: Extensão universitária. Tríplice hélice. Inovação. Terceira Missão.
Acute development of Cushing syndrome in an HIV-infected child on atazanavir/ritonavir based antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Dubrocq Gueorgui , Estrada Andrea , Kelly Shannon , Rakhmanina Natella 
Published: October 2017

Summary
An 11-year-old male with perinatally acquired human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection on antiretroviral regimen, which included abacavir plus lamivudine (Epzicom), didanosine, ritonavir and atazanavir presented with bilateral axillary striae, increased appetite, fatigue, facial swelling and acute weight gain. Two months prior to presentation, the patient had received a diagnostic and therapeutic intra-articular triamcinolone injection in the knee for pain relief and subsequently became progressively swollen in the face, developed striae bilaterally at the axillae, experienced increased appetite, fatigue and an 8 pound weight gain. During the endocrine workup, suspicion for adrenal insufficiency prompted 24-h urine collection for free cortisol, which was found to be undetectable (below LLQ of 1.0 µg/L). This prompted further evaluation of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis (HPA) by standard dose adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test. A 250 µg cosyntropin stimulation test was performed and confirmed HPA axis suppression. Baseline cortisol level was <1 µg/dL and stimulated cortisol level at 30 min was 3.8 µg/dL. The patient was diagnosed with iatrogenic Cushing syndrome and suppression of HPA axis secondary to the drug interaction between ritonavir (RTV) and intra-articular triamcinolone injection. Following endocrine evaluation and workup, the patient was admitted for planned orthopaedic procedure including elective left hamstring lengthening, distal femoral osteotomy and patellar tendon advancement. Taking into consideration the diagnosis of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome, at the start of the surgical procedure, 100 mg IV stress dose of hydrocortisone followed by 50 mg hydrocortisone every 8 h for 24 h was administered. Stress dosing was discontinued 24 h after the procedure. Throughout the hospitalization and upon discharge, the patient continued his ART. From initial presentation, patient has remained clinically stable throughout surgery and postoperative period.

Learning points:

Drug–drug interaction between ritonavir and triamcinolone can cause Cushing syndrome.

Although triamcinolone has a half-life of 3 h, an intra-articular injection may be systematically absorbed for 3 weeks after injection, and adrenal suppression may last as long as 30 days.

Co-administration of ritonavir and corticosteroids may result in an increase of plasma levels of corticosteroids levels, as they are both eliminated by CYP3A metabolism, and this interaction has the potential to prolong the half-life of triamcinolone several fold.

No specific guidelines are available for the management of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome secondary to ritonavir and corticosteroids.

One treatment option includes replacing ritonavir with a non-protease inhibitor-based regimen.

Initiating hydrocortisone replacement therapy to prevent an adrenal crisis is also an alternate option.
Las cofradías en la formación religiosa y el control festivo en las parroquias de Galicia y el norte de Portugal en época moderna
Authors: González Lopo Domingo 
Published: October 2017

En este artículo analizamos el papel de las cofradías en la pastoral tridentina como cauce de transmisión de la doctrina y mecanismo de sacralización de los hábitos cotidianos y del calendario campesino. Centramos nuestro estudio en el territorio noroccidental gallego y del noroeste de Portugal durante el siglo XVIII, prestando atención a las semejanzas y diferencias que existen entre ambos espacios geográficos.
A Cardiopulmonary Bypass Based Blood Management Strategy in Adult Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Budak Ali Baran , McCusker Kevin , Gunaydin Serdar 
Published: October 2017

Background: Despite the recent introduction of a number of technical and pharmacologic blood conservation measures, bleeding and allogeneic transfusion remain persistent problems in open-heart surgical procedures. Efforts should be made to decrease or completely avoid transfusions to avoid these negative reactions.Methods: Our coronary artery bypass grafting database was reviewed retrospectively and a total of 243 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were studied in a 12-month period (January-December 2016) after the implementation of the new program, and compared with 275 patients of the previous 12-month period.All the staff involved in the care of the patients were educated about the risks and benefits of blood transfusions and the new transfusion guidelines in a 45-min training. We revised our guidelines for transfusions based on the STS. A transfusion log was created. Reduction in IV fluid volume was targeted. CPB circuitry was redesigned to achieve significantly less prime volume. Results: The proportion of patients transfused with red blood cells was 56% (n =154) in the control group and reduced by 26.8% in the study group (29.2%; 71 patients; P < .01). Blood transfusion rate (1.7 ± 1/3.05 ± 1 units), postoperative hemorrhage (545 ± 50/ 775 ± 55 mL), respiratory support duration (12.4 ± 7/16.8 ± 8 h) and ICU stay (2.2±1.1/ 3.5±1.2 days) were significantly better in the blood conservation group. Conclusion: These findings, in addition to risks and side effects of blood transfusion and the rising cost of safer blood products, justify blood conservation in adult cardiac operations.
Професійні компетенції вчителів країн Європейської Унії (Союзу)
Authors: Yushchak Kshyshtof 
Published: October 2017

У статті йдеться про суспільно-урядові зміни кінця ХХ початку ХХІ століття. Наголошується, що подібні явища мають місце у країнах європейського союзу. Такі процеси спостерігаються у навчально-виховному процесі сучасної школи, вимагаючи перебудову процесу мислення, усвідомлення нової реальності, нових завдань і функцій суспільства.
Класифікаційна характеристика понятійно-категорійного апарату педагогічної науки
Authors: Sokol Mariana 
Published: October 2017

У статті обґрунтовано наукові підходи щодо проведення педагогічних досліджень стосовно класифікаційної характеристики понятійно-категорійного апарату педагогічної науки. Оперування поняттями є необхідною умовою для вивчення та побудови теоретичних моделей, усвідомлення процесів виховання і навчання у динаміці й перспективі. Адже проблема класифікації понять є одним із пріоритетних напрямків сучасної педагогічної науки. Сформульовано основні класифікаційні складові понятійно-категорійного апарату, а також проаналізовано основні риси та відмінності їх класифікації.
Державні програми соціальної підтримки материнства і дитинства в США
Authors: Stynska Victoria 
Published: October 2017

У статті розглянуто державні програми соціальної підтримки материнства і дитинства в США: “Допомога сім’ям з дітьми”; “Трудова ініціатива”; Програма трудової діяльності і професійного навчання; “Продуктові талони”; Програма допомоги бідним сім’ям з дітьми у випадку надзвичайних ситуацій; “Сімейний доступ до медичної страхової безпеки”; Програма соціального забезпечення та ін.
Проаналізовано законодавчу базу, що сприяла реалізації державних програм соціальної підтримки в США, зокрема Закон про підтримку сім’ї, Закон про соціальне забезпечення, Закон “Дотримання мір щодо забезпечення підтримки по догляду за дітьми”.
Особливості мовної освіти в Східній Україні на початку ХХ ст
Authors: Tsaryk Olga 
Published: October 2017

У статті вивчено історичний досвід навчання учнів у школах Східної України початку ХХ ст. Мета статті полягає у аналізі особливостей мовної освіти, вивченні досвіду розвитку навичок писемного мовлення учнів досліджуваного періоду. У статті зроблено висновки про те, що розвиток мовної освіти відбувався поступово, відповідно до змін в системі освіти та в загальних підходах до методів навчання
Phosphorylation of Pnut in the Early Stages ofDrosophilaEmbryo Development Affects Association of the Septin Complex with the Membrane and Is Important for Viability
Authors: Akhmetova Katarina , Balasov Maxim , Svitin Anton , Chesnokova Elena , Renfrow Matthew , Chesnokov Igor 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSeptin proteins are polymerizing GTPases that are found in most eukaryotic species. Septins are important for cytokinesis and participate in many processes involving spatial modifications of the cell cortex. In Drosophila, septin proteins Pnut, Sep1, and Sep2 form a hexameric septin complex. Here, we found that septin protein Pnut is phosphorylated during the first 2 hr of Drosophila embryo development. To study the effect of Pnut phosphorylation in a live organism, we created a new Drosophila pnut null mutant that allows for the analysis of Pnut mutations during embryogenesis. To understand the functional significance of Pnut phosphorylation, Drosophila strains carrying nonphosphorylatable and phospho-mimetic mutant pnut transgenes were established. The expression of the nonphosphorylatable Pnut protein resulted in semilethality and abnormal protein localization, whereas the expression of the phospho-mimetic mutant form of Pnut disrupted the assembly of a functional septin complex and septin filament formation in vitro. Overall, our findings indicate that the controlled phosphorylation of Pnut plays an important role in regulating septin complex functions during organism development.
Association between cigarette smoking behavior and infertility in women: a case-control study
Authors: Sarokhani Mandana , Veisani Yousef , Mohamadi Akbar , Delpisheh Ali , Sayehmiri Kourosh , Direkvand-Moghadam Ashraf , Aryanpur Mahshid 
Published: October 2017

Introduction: The effects of smoking on decreasing the chance of fertility in women have been acknowledged but some aspects, such as smoking behavior, are currently unclear. The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between smoking traits and infertility in women through a comparative study with fertile women.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 350 women (177 infertile and 173 fertile) in March-May 2014. Sampling was performed in two phases. Demographic and reproductive data were collected by questionnaires- for demographics and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)). The total score of questionnaires was ten. The participants were divided into 3 groups: “Low Nicotine” dependency (0-4), “Moderate Nicotine” dependency (5) and “High Nicotine” dependency (6-10). To examine the relationship between smoking and infertility, both the chi-square test and logistic regression tests were used.
Results: Tobacco use in infertile women was greater than that for fertile women (23.7% vs. 16.1%, respectively, P = 0.012); in fact, 16.7% of tobacco consumers had high nicotine dependency. Medium and low nicotine dependency were seen in 5.6% and 77.8% of tobacco consumers, respectively. Positive history of smoking increased the odds of being infertile (OR 2.88; 95% CI: 1.56- 4.92) and risk for infertility was associated with low nicotine dependency (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.16-8.09).
Conclusion: Low and high nicotine dependency increased the risk of infertility. Considering the physical, mental, social and economic effects of infertility in society, the negative effects of smoking on fertility should be considered and/or included in the training package for health service providers.

Peer Review Details

Peer review method: Single-Blind (Peer-reviewers: 02) Peer-review policy
Plagiarism software screening?: Yes
Date of Original Submission: 29 August 2017
Date accepted: 02 October 2017
Peer reviewers approved by: Dr. Lili Hami
Editor who approved publication: Dr. Phuc Van Pham
Cost-Effectiveness of a Clinical Childhood Obesity Intervention
Authors: Sharifi Mona , Franz Calvin , Horan Christine M. , Giles Catherine M. , Long Michael W. , Ward Zachary J. , Resch Stephen C. , Marshall Richard , Gortmaker Steven L. , Taveras Elsie M. 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVES:To estimate the cost-effectiveness and population impact of the national implementation of the Study of Technology to Accelerate Research (STAR) intervention for childhood obesity.METHODS:In the STAR cluster-randomized trial, 6- to 12-year-old children with obesity seen at pediatric practices with electronic health record (EHR)-based decision support for primary care providers and self-guided behavior-change support for parents had significantly smaller increases in BMI than children who received usual care. We used a microsimulation model of a national implementation of STAR from 2015 to 2025 among all pediatric primary care providers in the United States with fully functional EHRs to estimate cost, impact on obesity prevalence, and cost-effectiveness.RESULTS:The expected population reach of a 10-year national implementation is ∼2 million children, with intervention costs of $119 per child and $237 per BMI unit reduced. At 10 years, assuming maintenance of effect, the intervention is expected to avert 43 000 cases and 226 000 life-years with obesity at a net cost of $4085 per case and $774 per life-year with obesity averted. Limiting implementation to large practices and using higher estimates of EHR adoption improved both cost-effectiveness and reach, whereas decreasing the maintenance of the intervention’s effect worsened the former.CONCLUSIONS:A childhood obesity intervention with electronic decision support for clinicians and self-guided behavior-change support for parents may be more cost-effective than previous clinical interventions. Effective and efficient interventions that target children with obesity are necessary and could work in synergy with population-level prevention strategies to accelerate progress in reducing obesity prevalence.
A tesztfelvétel időtartamának hatása a kreativitástesztek eredményeire
Authors: Mező Katalin , Mező Ferenc , Szabóné Balogh Ágota 
Published: October 2017

Háttér és célkitűzések
a kreativitás időbeliségével, például az időnyomás kreativitásra gyakorolt hatásával, kevés kutatás foglalkozik közvetlenül (Amabile, Mueller, Simpson, Hadley, Kramer és Fleming, 2002; Mainemelis, 2002), holott az idő szerepe számottevő a kreatív megnyilvánulások szempontjából. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy rámutasson e téma főbb kutatási területeire, és összefoglalja a tesztfelvételi idő kreativitásra gyakorolt hatásának vizsgálatával kapcsolatos eredményeket.

Módszer
a kreativitás vizsgálatára a verbális Szokatlan használat teszt, illetve a figurális Körök teszt magyar adaptációját (Zétényi, 1989) alkalmaztuk n = 207 középiskolás diák esetében. 10 perc/teszt tesztfelvételi idő állt rendelkezésre, melynek első felében fekete, második felében színes ceruzát használtak a válaszadók. Így lehetővé vált a 0–5., az 5–10. és a 0–10. percben nyújtott fluencia, originalitás, flexibilitás, átlagos originalitás és relatív flexibilitás pontszám különbségeinek és kapcsolatainak kiszámítása. Az intelligenciát célzó kiegészítő vizsgálatként a Raven-féle SPM-tesztet alkalmaztuk.

Eredmények
a tesztfelvételi időtartamnak szignifikáns hatása van a kreativitás pontszámaira (pl. a vizsgálati személyek asszociációs műveleti sebessége idővel csökken, s a tesztfelvétel első öt percében magasabb pontszámok születnek, mint a másodikban), és az intelligencia- és kreativitásteszt pontszámok közötti kapcsolat alakulására (a második félidőben tapasztalhatók korrelációk). A verbális és a figurális tesztek igen különböznek időbeli aspektusaik tekintetében.

Következtetések
tekintve, hogy a kreativitás tesztelése időkorláthoz kötött és tesztfüggő vizsgálat, a tesztfelvételi időtartam megválasztása lényeges az eredmények alakulása és elemzése szempontjából.