bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociohistorical Evolution of the Chilean Juvenile Criminal Judicial System and Its Relationship with Public Policy
Authors: Reyes-Quilodrán Claudia , Muñoz-Chiguay Maida , Calderón-Canales Daniela 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the sociohistorical evolution of the Chilean child justice system and how the public and legal visions of childhood impact the Chilean justice system and national child services. Additionally, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is examined to determine its direct influence on adolescent offenders, particularly in regard to Chilean public policies. The origins of current questions about national child services and the juvenile penal system are presented, and a proposal for a new law on juvenile crime is discussed. The risk factors associated with juvenile delinquent behavior are strongly linked to the violation of rights that the vast majority of adolescents have experienced in their short lives, such as early exposure to violence and child abuse. In this context, social work not only advocates for the rights of children and adolescents but also challenges the juvenile justice system to address the psychosocial needs of young people, rather than criminalizing the social issues that underlie juvenile delinquent behavior.
Looking for Transformation in Social Work
Authors: Muñoz Arce Gianinna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
According to its international definition, social transformation is a key aspect of social work’s political horizons. However, in the context of neoliberal capitalism, managerialist approaches pervading the provision of social services worldwide have set a complex scenario to accomplish such a purpose. The concept of professional resistance offers relevant insights to problematize the position that social workers occupy in frontline interventions, as it opens the possibility for developing more or less explicit actions and/or omissions aiming at challenging the symbolic and material implication of neoliberal agendas in service users’ lives. Drawing upon some contributions of critical theorists such as Antonio Gramsci, Michel Foucault, and Gayatri Spivak, professional resistance is conceptually analyzed in this chapter. Counterpoints among these approaches on resistance are discussed in order to provide further insights for social workers’ critical practices on the front lines.
Dynamics of Power, Politics, and Social Work Education and Practice in South Korea
Authors: Choi Mi Sun , Lee Jungup 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Part II discusses the key themes of the handbook—power, politics, and social work—in terms of education. Twelve well-written chapters examine power, politics, and social work education in different parts of the world. Included are contributions from different sociopolitical and administrative settings: South Korea, the United Kingdom, Sri Lanka, India, China, Hong Kong, Ireland, the Philippines, Germany, and Thailand. From an administrative perspective, all of these countries differ in their approach to social welfare. On political grounds, these countries are composed of an assortment of authoritative administrative settings, military administrations, and democracies.
Assembly as Political Practice
Authors: Abu El-Haj Tabatha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The right of peaceful assembly is often touted as preserving the promise of fundamental political or social change. It ensures the people’s power to secure the franchise or social inclusion and to overthrow oppressive regimes, whether colonial, apartheid, or dictatorial. But assemblies come in a range of other forms, including annual parades, smaller political protests, and weekly gatherings of social groups. All these forms of assembly sustain and reinforce the capacity for democratic politics, and their value does not turn on their expressive ends alone. Both the possibility of effective democratic politics and a proper construction of the right of peaceful assembly demand that we recognize the value of assembly, as assembly, and its latent and constitutive political functions. This chapter thus explores assembly as a form of social and political action, demonstrating that the act of assembly has independent, intrinsic value, apart from and often prior to, either its expressive or instrumental political functions.
The Technological Mediation of Emotions in World Politics
Authors: Møller Ølgaard Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter grapples theoretically and analytically with the significance of new digital media technologies in relation to the study of emotions and world politics. It begins with a review of existing international relations literature that identifies the need for scholarly engagement with the technological backdrop of emotions and their politics. Drawing on insights from postphenomenology, it then introduces “technological mediation” as a theoretical prism with which to make sense of the role of media technologies in relation to how emotions become collective and shape world politics. It ends by illustrating the value of this approach by exploring how the refugee crisis is mediated in the virtual reality (VR) experience Sense of Home. In doing so, the chapter unveils the politics of emotions inherent to this humanitarian VR experience, which appeals to and manages the emotions of spectators but also reproduces problematic ways of seeing distant suffering.
Empathy and the Politicization of Emotions
Authors: Head Naomi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Emotional governance reflects the intersection of emotions, power, and politics. Who gets to feel, in what ways, and for whom highlights how emotions are drawn on by political actors and are important components of narratives. Empathy, reflecting the extent to which people feel with and for others, is central to the politicization of emotions. Contestation around issues such as war, migration, climate, gender, Black Lives Matter, and global health demonstrates how empathy is political, shaping the legitimate political and affective boundaries of inclusion and exclusion. The chapter first considers three ways empathy is represented in international relations: as humanitarian, as strategic, and as a force for social justice. Drawing on feminist and post-colonial scholarship, the following section explores the politicization of emotions in two polarized contexts of political violence, namely Brexit and genocide. The chapter concludes by proposing that empathy makes an ontological, epistemological, and political claim that locates it within an affective politics of (in)justice.
Abolitionism
Authors: Wringe Bill 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this chapter I examine “political” and “philosophical” cases for the abolition of punishment. I argue that far from being complementary, they are in fact significantly at odds with one another. Philosophical abolitionists typically focus on the kinds of intention that they take to be essential to punishment. I argue that their case against punishment is compatible with systems of criminal justice which would replicate many, if not all, of the harms that motivate the political case for abolition. But political abolitionism is only plausible if we think that any politically feasible system of punishment would reproduce the harms perpetrated by one particular form of punishment: namely, incarceration.
Capital Punishment
Authors: Cholbi Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Both proponents and opponents of capital punishment largely agree that death is the most severe punishment that societies should consider imposing on offenders. This chapter considers how (if at all) this “Ultimate Thesis” can be vindicated. Appeals to the irrevocability of death, the badness of being executed, the badness of death, or the harsh condemnation societies express by sentencing offenders to death do not succeed in vindicating this Thesis, and in particular, fail to show that capital punishment is more severe than the most likely alternative punishment offenders would suffer, namely, lifelong incarceration. The most plausible vindication of the Ultimate Thesis instead resides in how being condemned to death alters a person’s psychological relation to death. Our ordinary tendencies toward “death denial” diminish the terror that our awareness of death can otherwise induce in us, thereby enabling us to pursue worthwhile lives despite knowing of death’s inevitability. But condemned individuals are continually compelled to confront both the reality and specific circumstances of their own deaths and so do not enjoy the protective psychic shield that death denial provides us. This “relational” rationale does not obviously succeed in proving the Ultimate Thesis, but if the Thesis is true, this rationale is essential to its justification.
Incarceration
Authors: Lippke Richard L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An account of humane and least restrictive imprisonment is defended in relation to the punishment of serious criminal offenders. Such imprisonment is cast as the next parsimonious step up in penal severity compared with noncustodial sanctions that impose various burdens on offenders while leaving them at liberty to move about in civil society. Various objections and alternatives to imprisonment of this kind are addressed. Among the former are claims that serious offenders forfeit all or some of their basic moral rights, that an account of penal severity focused on the deprivation of liberty slights the subjective experience of imprisonment, and that decent and right-supportive forms of penal confinement will not be “less eligible” or will afford offenders better living conditions than some free members of society experience in their daily lives. Among the latter are proposals to substitute restitution requirements for penal hard treatment, address serious offending through restorative justice techniques, or devise and implement non-punitive forms of confinement.
Restorative Justice
Authors: Bennett Christopher 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter asks whether restorative justice is compatible with the rule of law. It outlines restorative justice, explaining that it is often thought of as a variety of informal justice. While there are attractions to its critique of existing justice systems, a range of criticisms are introduced that concentrate on problems with its character as a type of informal justice. It is suggested that these criticisms have to do with the value of the rule of law: informal justice risks losing the benefits of dealing with crime in characteristically legal ways. However, there are different variants of restorative justice, which demand different levels of reform of existing justice systems (or their abolition), and different levels of informality. There are also different conceptions of the rule of law. Furthermore, the chapter introduces the idea of a distinctive rule of criminal law. While the rule of law, construed a certain way, seems to preclude restorative justice, this does not rule out the possibility that the most adequate conception of both would be mutually compatible. One route to a possible reconciliation is sketched.
Retributivism and Severity
Authors: Duus-Otterstrom Goran 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers an overview of the debates that face retributivism when understood as a theory of sentencing. It focuses especially on the severity problem, which is the problem of establishing an absolute fit between crimes and punishments such that the punishment is noncomparatively deserved. The chapter argues that while this problem certainly remains to be solved in a practical sense, it has a theoretical solution, which is that punishments are noncomparatively deserved when they set back offenders’ interests to the same extent that their crimes set back legitimate interests of the victims. In other words, the suggestion is that retributivists can overcome the severity problem by accepting (a version of) the principle called lex talionis. The chapter also addresses how culpability should figure in this principle as well as how retributivists should proceed when it is unclear what offenders deserve.
Criminal Record
Authors: Frase Richard S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Almost all modern sentencing systems impose substantially more severe punishment on repeat offenders, in proportion to the number and seriousness of their prior crimes. This chapter advocates limits on these enhancements, grounded in both retributive and consequentialist (crime control) punishment purposes. It applies a hybrid, asymmetric limiting retributivism model: retributive principles limit sentence enhancements even when more severe punishment would serve crime control purposes; conversely, consequentialist grounds for mitigation reduce permissible sentence severity even when additional punishment would be deserved. In accordance with both retributive and consequentialist principles, such enhancements must also maintain ordinal proportionality between penalty severity and crime seriousness. Under the proposed enhancement model, prior-record enhancements should be further limited by social equality ideals and resource-management considerations—criminal penalties should not add to and perpetuate entrenched racial socioeconomic disparities; prisons must not be overcrowded; and limited prison capacity should be reserved for violent offenders. To illustrate the application of these principles the chapter proposes several specific limits on prior record enhancements. On both retributive and consequentialist grounds, the most important record-based distinction is between offenders with no prior record and those with one prior offense; accordingly, most first offenders should receive a substantially mitigated sentence, e.g., 25% to 50% lower than the typical penalty for second offenders. Twelve limitations should then govern enhancements for third and subsequent offenses: certain prior offenses should not be counted; only modest enhancements should apply beyond the second conviction; and such enhancements should cease (i.e., be “capped”) at some point.
Mercy
Authors: Zaibert Leo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Seemingly resistant to rational systematization, mercy has always been difficult to theorize. This chapter problematizes the reasons for this often-exaggerated resistance. The chapter seeks to explain why these reasons have gained in prominence in the contemporary period, and why we should in fact largely reject those reasons. While admittedly a complex notion, mercy should be recognized as the true counterpart of punishment. The tension between mercy and punishment should be recognized as the point of departure in efforts to justify either punishment or its merciful remission. Real progress in efforts to justify either phenomenon involves taking seriously the conceptual and normative proximity between them.
Socially Deprived Offenders
Authors: Skolnik Terry 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Scholars have explored the relationship between punishment and social deprivation—including poverty, unemployment, low-education levels, and family disruption—from different perspectives. Some contend that social deprivation should mitigate culpability, decrease sentence severity based on compassion, or excuse wrongdoing. Others posit that social deprivation undermines the state’s standing to call individuals to account for wrongdoing.
This chapter advances a different argument. Building on Kantian theories of legal authority, republicanism, and fiduciary theory, this chapter contends that the state has a moral duty to alleviate social disadvantage to legitimize coercion and punishment. It demonstrates why the state must create a system of criminalization and punishment to prevent certain forms of domination. Yet the state fails to accommodate the reality of social deprivation within this system, which undermines its legitimacy and subjects socially deprived persons to domination. The concluding part of this chapter shows why the state has a corrective fiduciary duty to address social deprivation. The fulfillment of this duty helps legitimize coercion and punishment, and counteracts domination associated with the criminal justice system.
Multiple Offenders
Authors: Lee Youngjae 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter advances the proposition that while multiple offenders are more culpable than single-crime offenders and should thus be treated differently, multiple offenders should not be punished to such an extent that the state ends up treating an offender who has committed multiple offenses more harshly or in the same way as those who have committed more serious offenses, given the message each punishment communicates about the character defects of the recipient of the punishment. Following this principle would likely result in a presumption in favor of concurrent sentencing or at least a sentencing practice where even if an offender is guilty of committing multiple offenses, the punishment for each additional offense is smaller than that for the first offense. This chapter further argues that this punishment practice is consistent with the practice of imposing the recidivist premium on those who, after having been convicted and punished, continue to reoffend.
Neurointerventions and Punishment
Authors: Ryberg Jesper 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An increasing number of theorists have become preoccupied with the idea of using neurointerventions as a means of preventing offenders from reoffending. However, a traditional criticism against the rehabilitationist ideal of treating offenders in order to avoid recidivism has been that such an approach violates considerations of justice. The purpose of this chapter is to examine whether this traditional justice-based criticism is warranted if neurointerventions are administered as a crime prevention tool. It is suggested that this need not be the case. More specifically, it is argued that: 1) neurointerventions can be imposed as a type of punishment; 2) if this is the case, then properly imposed neurointerventions do not involve a breach of retributivist proportionality considerations; and 3) such interventions cannot be excluded as a type of punishment that should be banned in principle. Therefore, even though there may be other objections to the use of neurointerventions in the criminal justice system, the traditional justice-based objection against rehabilitationism does not seem sufficient to rule out the possibility of treating offenders by the use of neurointerventions.
Restitutionism
Authors: Hershenov David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Punishment has traditionally been distinguished from restitution. It is better if punishment is construed as restitution. The main advantage is that it prioritizes the victims but it can even benefit the criminal who wants to repay a debt in order to reconcile with those people he has wronged and be restored to society as an equal citizen. Restitution has other advantages over its main rivals—retribution, reform, and deterrence. It can better explain why failed attempts are punished less severely than successful crimes. Restitutionist principles are not compromised by shows of mercy. Restitution does better than its rivals in avoiding punishments that are excessive or too lenient. It can accommodate the satisfaction of vindictive feelings as a form of debt payment and “getting even” can even play a role in the restoration of the criminal and the victim to their pre-crime status. Restitution also better coheres with classical Christian views of posthumous punishment.
Gender and Genre in the Turkish Tales (1813–16)
Authors: Camilleri Anna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This essay examines Byron’s presentation of gender in his Turkish Tales (1813–16). From the dark and brooding Giaour who thunders into the contemporary reader’s imagination in 1813 to the numerous dead women who haunt the later Tales, the extreme polarization of gender discernible in these poems appears to offer little in the way of critical interest. This essay does not dispute that Byron followed the polarized gender roles through which the fashionable ‘Eastern’ tale frequently finds its dramatic impetus. Yet the essay argues that in later Tales, rather than slavishly replicating the popular dynamic of the genre, Byron can be seen to resist and even defy the conventional character roles established by his predecessors through an unexpectedly experimental treatment of gender.
Byron Biographies, 1824 to the Present The Shaping of Byron’s Legacy
Authors: Gross Jonathan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates that Byron’s biographies often reflect the time in which they were written and the preoccupations of the biographer. It explores the score-settling of Lady Caroline Lamb, Leigh Hunt, Lady Blessington, and Thomas Medwin, and defences by Mary Shelley, Teresa Guiccioli, Edward Trelawny, and James Kennedy. It proposes that of the early biographies, it was Thomas Moore’s that presented Byron dispassionately and most effectively rescued him from denigrators. The chapter then assesses the significance of Leslie Marchand’s biography in returning Byron to serious literary consideration in 1957, and the later preoccupation with Byron’s sexuality in the biographies by Phyllis Grosskurth, Benita Eisler, and Fiona MacCarthy amongst others. It suggests that recent biographers have tended to fan the flames of the perceived controversies of Byron’s life to sell their books.
The Landscapes ofChilde Harold’s PilgrimageI and II
Authors: Minta Stephen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe chapter examines the significance of the first two cantos of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage in relation to Byron’s evolving attitude to landscape and the treatment of landscape in poetry. In Cantos I and II of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Byron began to find a way of transforming the inherited conventions of the eighteenth-century topographical poem. He moved towards a greater personalization in the depiction of landscape, negotiating between what is already given to the artist in terms of past associations of place and scene and what an ‘authentic’ reading in the present might allow, one guaranteed by the poetic dramatization of ‘being there’. This process, in Canto II, leads to an engagement with the Greek landscape that is unlike anything else in English poetry of the period. It opens onto both past and present, drawing inspiration from the stimulus of history and from the awakening of a protective and passionate love.
Byron and Regency Print Culture
Authors: O’Connell Mary 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores Byron’s troubled relationship to print culture in the Regency era. Through an examination of his London journal it argues that his poetry is often most profitably read with this relationship in mind. The chapter highlights the significance of Byron’s dealings with his major publishers and points to instances in his poetry which illuminate the extent to which one of the bestselling poets of the age contemplated his own involvement in a thriving print culture and mass literary marketplace. It concludes with an examination of the significance of the multiple images of wastepaper and burnt paper that occur throughout Byron’s letters and poetry.