bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erosion regression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis after upadacitinib—a pilot study using high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography
Authors: So Ho , Cheng Isaac , Chow Evelyn , Wu Qihan , Li Martin , Hung Vivian , Qin Ling , Wong Chun-Kwok , Tam Lai-Shan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate whether inhibition of Janus kinases (JAK) 1 could lead to erosion repair on high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) in patients with active RA.

Methods
This was a prospective, non-randomized pilot study. We enrolled 20 adult patients with active RA with ≥1 bone erosion on HR-pQCT. They were given upadacitinib 15 mg once daily for 24 weeks. HR-pQCT of the metacarpophalangeal joint was performed at baseline and 24-week. The serum bone biomarkers level was evaluated before and after treatment. Twenty age-and-sex matched RA patients from another study treated with conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) were included as active controls.

Results
Nineteen patients in the upadacitinib group completed the study procedures. After 24 weeks, despite similar improvement in disease activity, a reversed trend in the mean erosion volume change on HR-pQCT was observed comparing the upadacitinib and active control group (upadacitinib group: −0.23 ± 3.26 mm3vs control group: 1.32 ± 6.05 mm3, P = 0.131). A greater proportion of erosions in the upadacitinib group demonstrated regression (27% vs 12%, P = 0.085). Using general estimating equation (GEE), the use of upadacitinib was significantly associated with erosion regression (OR: 3.61, 95% CI: 1.00–13.00, P = 0.049) after adjusting for the difference in disease duration. The serum levels of bone resorption markers reduced after upadacitinib treatment. No new safety signal was noted.

Conclusion
Despite a similar improvement in RA disease activity after upadacitinib compared with csDMARDs, a differential regression of erosion on HR-pQCT was observed in patients received upadacitinib. The potential role of JAK1 inhibition in erosion repair should be investigated.
Credit ratings: strategic issuer disclosure and optimal screening
Authors: Cohn Jonathan B , Rajan Uday , Strobl Günter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We consider a model in which a security issuer can manipulate information observed by a credit rating agency (CRA). We show that stricter screening by the CRA can sometimes lead to increased manipulation by the issuer. Accounting for the issuer’s behavior pulls optimal CRA screening toward the extremes of laxness or stringency. Surprisingly, an improvement in prior asset quality can result in more rating errors. In a two-period version of the model, stricter screening can result in more short-run rating errors. Our results suggest complex interplay between issuer and CRA behavior, complicating the evaluation of CRA policy effectiveness.
Adapting lipidomic sample processing methods for boars housed in commercial settings
Authors: Mills Kayla M , Minton Amanda M , Ferreira Christina R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiling is a sensitive method of lipid screening that has the capability to distinguish between different fertility phenotypes in gilts. However, MRM profiling has not yet been utilized to evaluate fertility phenotypes in boars. Markers indicative of fertility status in boars would be valuable as inclusion of subfertile boars in breeding programs results in a loss of efficiency and negative economic consequences. In addition, semen samples for lipidomic analysis are transported in liquid nitrogen or on dry ice to suspend metabolic activity within the sperm cells, however, these cryopreservation techniques are not commonly available at commercial boar studs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a method of sample processing for MRM profiling that suspends metabolic activity within semen without freezing the sample. Five, sexually mature boars of similar genetics enrolled in a commercial breeding program were collected for the study. Following collection, ejaculates were aliquoted into methanol to suspend metabolic activity and shipped to Purdue University overnight for lipid extraction. Lipids were extracted using the Bligh and Dyer method and MRM profiling was used for lipid screening. A total of 329 ion transitions (MRMs) related to lipids were detected with most lipids being characterized as plasma membrane lipids (74%) which were comprised of phosphatidylcholines (40%), ceramides (16%), phosphatidylethanolamines (11%), and phosphatidylserines (7%). acylcarnitines (AC) represented approximately 8% of the ejaculate lipidome. Hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis revealed that boars have a distinct ejaculate lipidome profile based on major plasma membrane lipid classes. In addition, we observed that one boar was unique in his abundance of AC which are related to progressive motility and sperm cell metabolism. These results indicate that this method of sample processing for MRM profiling is suitable to be used to evaluate the lipidome of ejaculates from commercial boars and has the potential for broader applications across different livestock species in commercial environments.
Investigation of the toxicity and safety concerns of transgenic maize seeds expressing immunogenic F and HN protein genes against Newcastle disease virus
Authors: Bhutta Muhammad Saad , Shahid Naila , Ajmal Sara , Shakoor Sana , Khursheed Zainab , Salisu Ibrahim B , Ahmad Sheraz , Azam Saira , Yasmeen Aneela , Latif Ayesha , Rao Abdul Qayyum 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The presented study investigated the potential toxicity and safety concerns associated with transgenic maize seeds expressing immunogenic F and HN protein genes against Newcastle disease virus (NDV).

Methodology
The experiment involved feeding Sprague–Dawley rats with transgenic maize seeds formulated into standard diets at levels of 30% (w/w) for a duration of 90 days. The rats were divided into three groups, with 10 rats per group. We assessed various parameters including overall appearance, feed consumption, body weight, organ weight, hematological parameters, serum chemistry, and histopathology.

Results
The results of these assessments were compared between the control group and the treatment groups. The study findings revealed that there were no significant differences between the control and treatment groups in terms of overall appearance, feed consumption, body weight, organ weight, hematological parameters, serum chemistry, microscopic histopathology, and gross appearance of tissues. These observations suggest that the consumption of transgenic maize seeds did not lead to any treatment-related adverse effects or toxicological issues. Furthermore, the transgenic maize seeds were found to be nutritionally equivalent to their non-transgenic counterpart.

Conclusion
Overall, no physiological, pathological, or molecular toxicity was observed in the Rats fed with transgenic feed.However, it is important to note that this study focused specifically on the parameters measured and the outcomes observed in Sprague–Dawley rats, and further research and studies are necessary to fully evaluate the safety and potential applications of transgenic edible vaccines in humans or other animals.
Urinary bladder carcinogenic potential of 4,4′-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) in humanized-liver mice
Authors: Suzuki Shugo , Gi Min , Kobayashi Takuma , Miyoshi Noriyuki , Yoneda Nao , Uehara Shotaro , Yokota Yuka , Noura Ikue , Fujioka Masaki , Vachiraarunwong Arpamas , Kakehashi Anna , Suemizu Hiroshi , Wanibuchi Hideki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Occupational exposure to 4,4′-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) has been linked to an increased risk of bladder cancer among employees in Japanese plants, indicating its significance as a risk factor for urinary bladder cancer. To investigate the role of MOCA metabolism in bladder carcinogenesis, we administered MOCA to non-humanized (F1-TKm30 mice) and humanized-liver mice for 4 and 28 wk. We compared MOCA-induced changes in metabolic enzyme expression, metabolite formation, and effects on the urinary bladder epithelium in the 2 models. At week 4, MOCA exposure induced simple hyperplasia, cell proliferation, and DNA damage in the urothelium of the humanized-liver mice, whereas in the non-humanized mice, these effects were not observed. Notably, the concentration of 4-amino-4′-hydroxylamino-3,3′-dichlorodiphenylmethane (N-OH-MOCA) in the urine of humanized-liver mice was more than 10 times higher than that in non-humanized mice at the 4-wk mark. Additionally, we observed distinct differences in the expression of cytochrome P450 isoforms between the 2 models. Although no bladder tumors were detected after 28 wk of treatment in either group, these findings suggest that N-OH-MOCA significantly contributes to the carcinogenic potential of MOCA in humans.
Palmatine ameliorates N‐methyl‐N'‐nitrosoguanidine‐induced chronic atrophic gastritis through the STAT1/CXCL10 axis
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Wang Qiaojiao , Tang Wanyu , Ma Zhengcai , Yang Zhipeng , Li Xuegang , Chen Wanqun , Ma Hang , Ye Xiaoli 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a prevalent preneoplastic condition of the stomach. Palmatine (PAL), an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Rhizoma Coptidis (RC), has significant anti‐inflammatory properties and is often used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. However, the mechanism of PAL on CAG remains unclear. In this study, N‐methyl‐N'‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was used to induce CAG inflammatory disease models in vivo and in vitro. The efficacy of five alkaloids in RC and the dose‐dependent effects of the most effective PAL in CAG mice were evaluated in two animal experiments. RNA‐seq and western blot revealed that PAL significantly improved IL‐17, TNF, and NF‐kappa B inflammation‐related signaling pathways. Further hub gene prediction and experimental validation revealed that PAL modulated the STAT1/CXCL10 axis, thereby exerting attenuation of CAG through the regulation of IL‐17, TNF‐α, and p‐p65 expression. In conclusion, PAL was proposed to mitigate MNNG‐induced CAG, potentially through the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via the STAT1/CXCL10 axis. This approach is an effective complement to the use of PAL in the treatment of CAG.
Developing Cultural Awareness in Nursing Students Using a Multimodal Strategy
Authors: Pool Natalie , Gryskiewicz Courtney , Dunemn Kathleen N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cultural awareness is linked with improved patient outcomes across populations but can be challenging for nurse educators to teach. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a multimodal strategy for increasing cultural awareness in prelicensure nursing students using a quasi-experimental, mixed-methods design. Following implementation of curricular revisions, analysis of the Cultural Competence Self-Assessment Checklist was completed for a sample of 106 students. Results were statistically significant across all areas and analysis of reflective writing resulted in three major themes. Designing cultural awareness learning activities should be a major focus of nurse educators.
Best Practices in Telecritical Care: Expert Consensus Recommendations From the Telecritical Care Collaborative Network
Authors: Scott Benjamin K. , Singh Jaspal , Hravnak Marilyn , Everhart Sonia S. , Armaignac Donna Lee , Davis Theresa M. , Goede Matthew R. , Haranath Sai Praveen , Kordik Christina M. , Laudanski Krzysztof , Pappas Peter A. , Patel Subhash , Rincon Teresa A. , Scruth Elizabeth A. , Subramanian Sanjay , Villanueva Israel , Williams Lisa-Mae , Wilson Rodney , Pamplin Jeremy C. 
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Telecritical care (TCC) refers to the delivery of critical care using telehealth technologies. Despite increasing utilization, significant practice variation exists and literature regarding efficacy remains sparse. The Telecritical Care Collaborative Network sought to provide expert, consensus-based best practice recommendations for the design and delivery of TCC.

DESIGN:
We used a modified Delphi methodology. Following literature review, an oversight panel identified core domains and developed declarative statements for review by an expert voting panel. During three voting rounds, voters agreed or disagreed with statements and provided open-ended feedback, which the oversight panel used to revise statements. Statements met criteria for consensus when accepted by greater than or equal to 85% of voters.

SETTING/SUBJECTS:
The oversight panel included 18 multidisciplinary members of the TCC Collaborative Network, and the voting panel included 32 invited experts in TCC, emphasizing diversity of discipline, care delivery models, and geography.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We identified ten core domains: definitions/terminology; care delivery models; staffing and coverage models; technological considerations; ergonomics and workplace safety; licensing, credentialing, and certification; trust and relationship building; quality, safety, and efficiency, research agenda; and advocacy, leading to 79 practice statements. Of 79 original statements, 67 were accepted in round 1. After revision, nine were accepted in round 2 and two in round 3 (two statements were merged). In total, 78 practice statements achieved expert consensus.

CONCLUSIONS:
These expert consensus recommendations cover a broad range of topics relevant to delivery of TCC. Experts agreed that TCC is most effective when delivered by care teams with specific expertise and by programs with explicit protocols focusing on effective communication, technical reliability, and real-time availability. Interventions should be tailored to local conditions. Although further research is needed to guide future best practice statements, these results provide valuable and actionable recommendations for the delivery of high-quality TCC.
Lymphomatoid Papulosis Type D in a Mestizo-Ancestry Man
Authors: Villegas-González Sofía Saraí , Gómez Nadia , Magaña Mario 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) belongs to the CD30+ skin lymphoproliferative disorders; it is defined as a chronic, recurrent, self-healing eruption of papules and small nodules with the histopathologic features of a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It is classified according to histopathology into subtypes A to F and with chromosomal rearrangement 6p25.3. Type D is characterized by epidermotropism of atypical CD8+ and CD30+ lymphocytes, small to medium size, forming papules and nodules with erosion and necrosis, which represents a formidable challenge in the differential diagnosis with aggressive cutaneous cytotoxic lymphomas. We present the clinical case of a 22-year-old man with subacute dermatosis, who underwent a skin biopsy with a report of LyP. Immunohistochemistry showed negative CD4, CD5, granzyme-B markers and positive CD3, CD30, CD8, CD56, and (T-cell intracellular antigen 1) TIA-1 markers, concluding the diagnosis of type D LyP. The course of the disease is recurrent; however, the prognosis is good with a 10-year survival of 100%. We present the case of a mestizo-ancestry patient who developed a type-D LyP, and, to the best of our knowledge, there are no publications of type D LyP from Latin-American authors or about mestizo-ancestry (or hispanic) patients; therefore, we consider of relevance to inform about these findings.
Reproducibility of daytime hypertension, night-time hypertension, and nocturnal blood pressure dipping patterns in young to middle age patients with stage 1 hypertension
Authors: Palatini Paolo , Battista Francesca , Mos Lucio , Rattazzi Marcello , Ermolao Andrea , Vriz Olga , Mazzer Adriano , Saladini Francesca 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
To investigate the reproducibility of ambulatory BP sub-periods and nocturnal dipping phenotypes assessed twice 3 months apart in young-to-middle-age untreated individuals screened for stage 1 hypertension.

Design and methods:
We investigated 1096, 18-to-45-year old participants from the HARVEST. Their office BP was 145.8 ± 10.4/93.7 ± 5.7 mmHg. Office BP and 24 h BP were measured at baseline and after 3 months. Office, 24-h, daytime and night-time hypertensions, and nocturnal dipping patterns were defined according to the 2023 ESH guidelines. Between-recording agreement was evaluated with kappa statistics.

Results:
Reproducibility evaluated with weighted kappa was moderate for both 24 h hypertension (K = 0.48) and daytime hypertension (K = 0.50) and was only fair for night-time hypertension (K = 0.36). Between-measurement agreement was even worse for isolated night-time hypertension (K = 0.24), and was poor for office hypertension (K = 0.14). The better reproducibility of daytime than night-time period was confirmed by the analysis of BP as continuous variable (all between-period differences, P < 0.001). Nondipping was present in 31.8%, and showed a fair agreement (K = 0.28,). Poorer agreement was shown by extreme dipping (K = 0.18) and reverse dipping (K = 0.07).

Conclusions:
These data show that within the ambulatory sub-periods, daytime hypertension has a better reproducibility than night-time hypertension. This suggests that the better association with adverse outcomes shown by sleep BP compared to wake BP in observational studies is not due to a better reproducibility of the former. The between-measurement agreement is even worse for isolated nocturnal hypertension and dipping patterns, especially for extreme and reverse dipping. Thus, these BP phenotypes should be confirmed with repeat ambulatory BP monitoring.
Impact of changes in left heart geometry on predicting new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension
Authors: Kim Hyue Mee , Hwang In-Chang , Park Jiesuck , Choi Hye Jung , Choi Hong-Mi , Yoon Yeonyee E. , Cho Goo-Yeong 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) increases end-diastolic LV pressure and contributes to left atrial enlargement (LAE), which are associated with development of atrial fibrillation. However, the impact of LVH and LAE and their regression following antihypertensive therapy on atrial fibrillation incidence remains unclear.

Methods:
This retrospective analysis included consecutive patients with sinus rhythm who underwent echocardiography at hypertension diagnosis and after 6–18 months between 2006 and 2021 at tertiary care centres in Korea. LVH was defined as LV mass index greater than 115 g/m2 (men) and greater than 95 g/m2 (women), and LAE was defined as LA volume index greater than 42 ml/m2. The occurrence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) was assessed in relation to changes in LVH and LAE status.

Results:
Among the 1464 patients included, 163 (11.1%) developed NOAF during a median 63.8 [interquartile range (IQR) 35.9–128.5] months of surveillance period. New-onset LVH [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–2.94, P = 0.006] and LAE (aHR 1.89, 95% CI 1.05–3.40, P = 0.034) were significant predictors of NOAF. Conversely, regression of LVH (aHR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28–0.91, P = 0.022) or LAE (aHR 0.30, 95% CI 0.15–0.63, P = 0.001) was associated with a reduced risk for developing NOAF. Patients with both LVH and LAE at follow-up echocardiography had a higher risk for NOAF (aHR 4.30, 95% CI 2.81–6.56, P < 0.001) than those with either LVH or LAE or those with neither.

Conclusion:
The changes in left heart geometry can serve as a predictive marker for NOAF in patients with hypertension.
INTRAVITREAL METHOTREXATE INJECTION FOR THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF PROLIFERATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY
Authors: Hughes Patrick J. , Bhagat Neelakshi , Gonzalez-Martinez Orlando G. , Zarbin Marco A. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To report on our experience using intravitreal methotrexate (MTX) in patients with retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy and/or open globe injury.

Methods:
This study performed a retrospective chart review of a consecutive series of 21 eyes of 21 patients who underwent serial intravitreal MTX injection for treatment and/or prevention of proliferative vitreoretinopathy from December 2021 to January 2024.

Results:
Twenty-one patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy, membrane peeling, laser photocoagulation, silicone oil infusion, and intravitreal MTX injection. Postoperatively, all eyes received a series of intravitreal MTX (400 μg/0.1 mL) injections. Optimally, injections were administered weekly for 8 weeks and every 2 weeks for four weeks for a total of 13 injections, beginning intraoperatively at the conclusion of retinal reattachment surgery. Mean baseline preoperative and postoperative visual acuity was logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 3.2 (approximately hand motions vision) and 2.5 (between CF and hand motions vision), respectively, yielding an average improvement in visual acuity of 0.7 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units (0 ETDRS lines/letters). These 21 patients received an average of 10.5 injections. With a single operation, detachments in 19 (90%) of 21 eyes were successfully reattached. Corneal epithelial defects were noted in 7 (33%) of 21 patients.

Conclusion:
Serial intravitreal MTX injection was associated with 90% single operation retinal reattachment rate in the setting of retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy or retinal detachment at high risk of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Oral Small-molecule Antiviral Drugs Against COVID-19
Authors:   Society of Bacterial Infection and Resistance of Chinese Medical Association, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Although COVID‑19 no longer constitutes a “public health emergency of international concern”, which still has being spreading around the world at a low level. Small molecule drugs are the main antiviral treatment for novel coronavirus recommended in China. Although a variety of small‑molecule antiviral drugs against COVID‑19 have been listed in China, there is no specific drug recommendation for special populations. Society of Bacterial Infection and Resistance of Chinese Medical Association, together with the National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, and the National Center for Respiratory Medicine, organized domestic experts in various fields such as respiratory, virology, infection, critical care, emergency medicine and pharmacy to release Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Oral Small‑Molecule Antiviral Drugs against COVID‑19. The main content of this consensus includes the introduction of seven small‑molecule antiviral drugs against COVID‑19, focusing on the drug recommendations for 14 special groups such as the elderly, patients with complicated chronic diseases, tumor patients, pregnant women, and children, and providing suggestions for clinicians to standardize drug use.

Practice guideline registration:
International Practice Guideline Registration for Transparency (PREPARE-2023CN617)