bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Definitions, End Points, and Clinical Trial Designs for Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Recommendations From the International Bladder Cancer Group
Authors: Kamat Ashish M. , Sylvester Richard J. , Böhle Andreas , Palou Joan , Lamm Donald L. , Brausi Maurizio , Soloway Mark , Persad Raj , Buckley Roger , Colombel Marc , Witjes J. Alfred 
Published: January 2016

Purpose To provide recommendations on appropriate clinical trial designs in non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) based on current literature and expert consensus of the International Bladder Cancer Group. Methods We reviewed published trials, guidelines, meta-analyses, and reviews and provided recommendations on eligibility criteria, baseline evaluations, end points, study designs, comparators, clinically meaningful magnitude of effect, and sample size. Results NMIBC trials must be designed to provide the most clinically relevant data for the specific risk category of interest (low, intermediate, or high). Specific eligibility criteria and baseline evaluations depend on the risk category being studied. For the population of patients for whom bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has failed, the type of failure (BCG unresponsive, refractory, relapsing, or intolerant) should be clearly defined to make comparisons across trials feasible. Single-arm designs may be relevant for the BCG-unresponsive population. Here, a clinically meaningful initial complete response rate (for carcinoma in situ) or recurrence-free rate (for papillary tumors) of at least 50% at 6 months, 30% at 12 months, and 25% at 18 months is recommended. For other risk levels, randomized superiority trial designs are recommended; noninferiority trials are to be used sparingly given the large sample size required. Placebo control is considered unethical for all intermediate- and high-risk strata; therefore, control arms should comprise the current guideline-recommended standard of care for the respective risk level. In general, trials should use time to recurrence or recurrence-free survival as the primary end point and time to progression, toxicity, disease-specific survival, and overall survival as potential secondary end points. Realistic efficacy thresholds should be set to ensure that novel therapies receive due review by regulatory bodies. Conclusion The International Bladder Cancer Group has developed formal recommendations regarding definitions, end points, and clinical trial designs for NMIBC to encourage uniformity among studies in this disease.
Allogeneic T Cells That Express an Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Induce Remissions of B-Cell Malignancies That Progress After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation Without Causing Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Brudno Jennifer N. , Somerville Robert P.T. , Shi Victoria , Rose Jeremy J. , Halverson David C. , Fowler Daniel H. , Gea-Banacloche Juan C. , Pavletic Steven Z. , Hickstein Dennis D. , Lu Tangying L. , Feldman Steven A. , Iwamoto Alexander T. , Kurlander Roger , Maric Irina , Goy Andre , Hansen Brenna G. , Wilder Jennifer S. , Blacklock-Schuver Bazetta , Hakim Frances T. , Rosenberg Steven A. , Gress Ronald E. , Kochenderfer James N. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose Progressive malignancy is the leading cause of death after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (alloHSCT). After alloHSCT, B-cell malignancies often are treated with unmanipulated donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) from the transplant donor. DLIs frequently are not effective at eradicating malignancy and often cause graft-versus-host disease, a potentially lethal immune response against normal recipient tissues. Methods We conducted a clinical trial of allogeneic T cells genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting the B-cell antigen CD19. Patients with B-cell malignancies that had progressed after alloHSCT received a single infusion of CAR T cells. No chemotherapy or other therapies were administered. The T cells were obtained from each recipient’s alloHSCT donor. Results Eight of 20 treated patients obtained remission, which included six complete remissions (CRs) and two partial remissions. The response rate was highest for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with four of five patients obtaining minimal residual disease–negative CR. Responses also occurred in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma. The longest ongoing CR was more than 30 months in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. New-onset acute graft-versus-host disease after CAR T-cell infusion developed in none of the patients. Toxicities included fever, tachycardia, and hypotension. Peak blood CAR T-cell levels were higher in patients who obtained remissions than in those who did not. Programmed cell death protein-1 expression was significantly elevated on CAR T cells after infusion. Presence of blood B cells before CAR T-cell infusion was associated with higher postinfusion CAR T-cell levels. Conclusion Allogeneic anti-CD19 CAR T cells can effectively treat B-cell malignancies that progress after alloHSCT. The findings point toward a future when antigen-specific T-cell therapies will play a central role in alloHSCT.
All Hormone-Producing Cell Types of the Pituitary Intermediate and Anterior Lobes Derive From Prop1-Expressing Progenitors
Authors: Davis Shannon W. , Keisler Jessica L. , Pérez-Millán María I. , Schade Vanessa , Camper Sally A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMutations in PROP1, the most common known cause of combined pituitary hormone deficiency in humans, can result in the progressive loss of all hormones of the pituitary anterior lobe. In mice, Prop1 mutations result in the failure to initiate transcription of Pou1f1 (also known as Pit1) and lack somatotropins, lactotropins, and thyrotropins. The basis for this species difference is unknown. We hypothesized that Prop1 is expressed in a progenitor cell that can develop into all anterior lobe cell types, and not just the somatotropes, thyrotropes, and lactotropes, which are collectively known as the PIT1 lineage. To test this idea, we produced a transgenic Prop1-cre mouse line and conducted lineage-tracing experiments of Prop1-expressing cells. The results reveal that all hormone-secreting cell types of both the anterior and intermediate lobes are descended from Prop1-expressing progenitors. The Prop1-cre mice also provide a valuable genetic reagent with a unique spatial and temporal expression for generating tissue-specific gene rearrangements early in pituitary gland development. We also determined that the minimal essential sequences for reliable Prop1 expression lie within 10 kilobases of the mouse gene and demonstrated that human PROP1 can substitute functionally for mouse Prop1. These studies enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of disease in patients with PROP1 mutations.
Pareidolia in Neuroendocrinology: A Pituitary Macroadenoma Resembling “Big Bird”
Authors: de Herder Wouter W. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Context:
Pareidolia is the imagined perception of a pattern, where it does not actually exist, as faces.

Case Description:
A 49-year-old woman presented with a pituitary macroadenoma with supra- and parasellar expansion containing two hypodense areas and one hyperintense area. On the T1W magnetic resonance imaging picture, this macroadenoma closely resembled a famous character from a children's television series.

Conclusion:
The imaging-phenotype in this case demonstrates that pareidolia can also be observed in neuroendocrinology and neuroradiology.
Ire1 supports normal ER differentiation in developing Drosophila photoreceptors
Authors: Xu Zuyuan , Chikka Madhusudana Rao , Xia Hongai , Ready Donald F. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves virtually all aspects of cell physiology and, by pathways that are incompletely understood, is dynamically remodeled to meet changing cell needs. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (Ire1), a conserved core protein of the unfolded protein response (UPR), participates in ER remodeling and is particularly required during the differentiation of cells devoted to intense secretory activity, so-called ‘professional’ secretory cells. Here, we characterize the role of Ire1 in ER differentiation in the developing Drosophila compound eye photoreceptors (R cells). As part of normal development, R cells take a turn as professional secretory cells with a massive secretory effort that builds the photosensitive membrane organelle, the rhabdomere. We find rough ER sheets proliferate as rhabdomere biogenesis culminates, and Ire1 is required for normal ER differentiation. Ire1 is active early in R cell development and is required in anticipation of peak biosynthesis. Without Ire1, the amount of rough ER sheets is strongly reduced and the extensive cortical ER network at the rhabdomere base, the subrhabdomere cisterna (SRC), fails. Instead, ER proliferates in persistent and ribosome-poor tubular tangles. A phase of Ire1 activity early in R cell development thus shapes dynamic ER.
Muscle structural assembly and functional consequences
Authors: Narici Marco , Franchi Martino , Maganaris Constantinos 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe relationship between muscle structure and function has been a matter of investigation since the Renaissance period. Extensive use of anatomical dissections and the introduction of the scientific method enabled early scholars to lay the foundations of muscle physiology and biomechanics. Progression of knowledge in these disciplines led to the current understanding that muscle architecture, together with muscle fibre contractile properties, has a major influence on muscle mechanical properties. Recently, advances in laser diffraction, optical microendoscopy and ultrasonography have enabled in vivo investigations into the behaviour of human muscle fascicles and sarcomeres with varying joint angle and muscle contraction intensity. With these technologies it has become possible to identify the length region over which fascicles and sarcomeres develop maximum isometric force in vivo as well as the operating ranges of fascicles and sarcomeres during real-life activities such as walking. Also, greater insights into the remodelling of muscle architecture in response to overloading and unloading, and in ageing, have been obtained by the use of ultrasonography; these have led to the identification of clinical biomarkers of disuse atrophy and sarcopenia. Recent evidence also shows that the pattern of muscle hypertrophy in response to chronic loading is contraction-mode dependent (eccentric versus concentric), as similar gains in muscle mass, but through differing addition of sarcomeres in series and in parallel (as indirectly inferred from changes in fascicle length and pennation angle), have been found. These innovative observations prompted a new set of investigations into the molecular mechanisms regulating this contraction-specific muscle growth.
Proposals and Analysis of the Effects of Acoustic Corrections in a Modern Church
Authors: Gagliano Antonio , Nocera Francesco , Cicero Andrea , Gioia Mirko Cascio 
Published: January 2016

It is rather common experience to observe that many contemporary churches, in contrast with the effort to achieve refined architectonic shapes and finishes, exhibit poor acoustic quality, such as high reverberation times and low speech intelligibility. The causes of such deficiencies are ordinarily generated by the smooth and hard surfaces of walls, floor and ceiling that focus most of sound energy in late reflections, diminishing the effectiveness of direct and early reflected sound. Recently, the authors have been involved for analyzing the acoustic behavior of a modern church situated in Ragusa, (Italy), with the aim to individuate suitable interventions for improving the acoustic quality of that church. Preliminarily, a measurement survey was conducted to evaluate the main acoustic indices proposed by ISO 3382 (T30, STI, EDT, C80, D50) and portray the current acoustic climate. After that, the Authors developed a simulation on a 3D model of the church, in order to calibrate the model comparing measured and simulated acoustic parameters. The previously described activities are necessary for testing the reliability and accuracy of the prediction of the acoustic simulations. The subsequent step of the work consists in the choice of suitable interventions for the acoustic corrections; three different typologies of materials were evaluated. Globally, the acoustic corrections allow to obtain noteworthy improvements of the acoustic quality of the church, e.g. the T30 decrease from 7.3 to 2.5 s and the STI increase from 33% to 40%, at 1000 Hz. Further, the influence of the variation of the audience presence was analyzed, finding out a strict correlation between occupancy percentage and the law of variation of T30. Finally, after the realizations of one of the suggested interventions of acoustic corrections, the Authors conducted a second survey to evaluate the effects of the refurbishment interventions on the acoustic climate. Since the obtained results do not match very well with the design previsions, some hypotheses that can justify such discrepancy are illustrated.
A Combined Experimental and Analytical Approach for the Simulation of the Sound Transmission Loss of Multilayer Glazing Systems
Authors: Ruggeri Paolo , Peron Fabio , Granzotto Nicola , Bonfiglio Paolo 
Published: January 2016

In order to ensure acoustic comfort of living spaces, nowadays façade systems having high performance are required. Within such context the glazing systems play a key role in achieving high levels of sound insulation. The characteristics of sound insulation of such systems can be determined by analytical methods that make use of experimental characterizations of the physical and mechanical parameters of these systems. In this work a combined experimental and analytical approach for sound transmission loss prediction of glazing systems is presented. In particular, the mechanical properties of monolithic and multilayer glasses with viscoelastic interlayer made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) are measured using resonance curve method of flexural waves on glass beams with different boundary conditions. In order to achieve reliable input mechanical data (Young's modulus and loss factor), tested beams are characterized in free-free and elastic constraints boundary conditions, respectively. The elastic constrain boundary conditions are realized following the same specifications of ISO Standard 10140 series for larger panels. Starting from the proposed mechanical characterization, the diffuse field sound transmission loss of glass panels has been predicted through an analytical model for solid elastic layers. Results from the above-mentioned procedure are compared with laboratory measurements. From the analysis it will be shown a better accuracy in determining the sound transmission loss of panels when the elastic constrain boundary conditions are applied to the representative beams.
Εκπαίδευση και πόλεμος: η περίπτωση του εκπαιδευτικού προβλήματος στην πόλη των Ιωαννίνων κατά τα έτη 1940 έως 1949
Authors: Giannakou Maria 
Published: January 2016

<p> Η πόλη των Ιωαννίνων βρίσκεται στο βόρειο-δυτικό τμήμα της Ελλάδας, όπου τα χρόνια 1940-44, βρισκόταν υπό την κατοχή των δυνάμεων του Άξονα και διαδοχικά επηρεάστηκε από τον Εμφύλιο Πόλεμο (1946-49). Το άρθρο εξετάζει τις επιδράσεις του Δευτέρου Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου και του Εμφυλίου πολέμου στην εκπαίδευση στα Ιωάννινα. Εντός αυτού του πλαισίου, η έρευνα εστιάζει στη γενική λειτουργία των σχολείων, κυρίως στη φοίτηση των μαθητών και στην επίδραση της καθημερινότητας του πολέμου στη ζωή των μαθητών. Η μέθοδος της ιστορικής έρευνας που χρησιμοποιείται είναι η ποιοτική ανάλυση εντός του πλαισίου της μικρο-ιστορίας όπου τα δεδομένα προσφέρουν την ιστορία του ευρύτερου κοινωνικού πλαισίου, ενώ προσδίδουν την αίσθηση του προσωπικού χαρακτήρα στη μελέτη του παρελθόντος. Η έρευνα αποκαλύπτει τις διαστάσεις ενός <em>άδικου</em> <em>πολέμου</em> στην κοινωνία και την εκπαίδευση και τα μακροχρόνια αποτελέσματά του.</p>
Strong morphological defects in conditional Arabidopsis abp1 knock-down mutants generated in absence of functional ABP1 protein
Authors: Michalko Jaroslav , Glanc Matouš , Perrot-Rechenmann Catherine , Friml Jiří 
Published: January 2016

The Auxin Binding Protein 1 (ABP1) is one of the most studied proteins in plants. Since decades ago, it has been the prime receptor candidate for the plant hormone auxin with a plethora of described functions in auxin signaling and development. The developmental importance of ABP1 has recently been questioned by identification of Arabidopsis thaliana abp1 knock-out alleles that show no obvious phenotypes under normal growth conditions. In this study, we examined the contradiction between the normal growth and development of the abp1 knock-outs and the strong morphological defects observed in three different ethanol-inducible abp1 knock-down mutants (abp1-AS, SS12K, SS12S). By analyzing segregating populations of abp1 knock-out vs. abp1 knock-down crosses we show that the strong morphological defects that were believed to be the result of conditional down-regulation of ABP1 can be reproduced also in the absence of the functional ABP1 protein. This data suggests that the phenotypes in abp1 knock-down lines are due to the off-target effects and asks for further reflections on the biological function of ABP1 or alternative explanations for the missing phenotypic defects in the abp1 loss-of-function alleles.
Anno 1790: Dressing a Swedish crime series
Authors: Ulfsdotter Boel 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Anno 1790 (2011) is Sweden’s first attempt at a post-heritage, hybridized TV drama production. It is set during the increasingly troubled and gloomy last years of Gustav III’s reign, in the aftermath of the glorious heyday of the 1770s. The series has an obvious noir character that is displayed on all levels of image and narrative, bringing to mind the mood reflected in recent, internationally successful contemporary Swedish and Danish crime series such as Forbrydelsen/The Killing (2009) and Bron/The Bridge (2011), commonly known as ‘Nordic noir’ productions. The ready availability of an impressive eighteenth-century material culture, in combination with its historically exciting but altogether under-exploited final decade, provide a perfect setting for a Swedish noir, post-heritage quality production. The article revolves around the significance of the costumes worn by the main characters in Anno 1790, which seem to suggest that the costume design for such a series needs additional inspiration from other sources than dress history to properly remediate the narrative and its characters, compared to a traditional heritage production. The author shows that both contemporary fashion and haute couture are natural sources of inspiration for this type of ‘post-heritage costume’.
‘That Medieval Eastern-European Shtetl Family of Yours’: Negotiating Jewishness in Aline Kominsky Crumb’s Need More Love (2007)
Authors: Precup Mihaela 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This article focuses on several representations of Jewishness from American underground cartoonist Aline Kominsky Crumb’s memoir Need More Love (2007) and several more recent publications. In her work, Kominsky Crumb makes repeated references to almost every stereotypical aspect of the Jewish American middle-class community in which she was raised, from the accent to the clothes, social mannerisms, and even preferred type of plastic surgery. In conversation with Federica Clementi, Riv Ellen-Prell, and others, I read the comics collected in Need More Love in conjunction with several of the author’s photographs in order to revisit the debate on the dynamic between comics and photography as modes of self-representation. I argue that, by narrowing down the potential of comics to what the medium can do as caricature, Kominsky Crumb connects to a long tradition of social satire and self-disparaging humour. However, by including photographs of herself in her work, she not only pays tribute to the more traditional norms of life-writing, but also invites an interpretation of her cartoon self as a masquerade of Jewish femininity staged upon a body whose vulnerability complicates the binary logic of the stereotype.
‘Mixing It Up’: An interview with Ariel Schrag
Authors: Greenbaum Andrea 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Ariel Schrag’s 2014 lecture at the University of Chicago’s Center for the Study of Gender and Sexuality, entitled, ‘How to write anything’, is emblematic of the artist herself. She is remarkably skilled in all genres, deftly moving from illustrating and writing acclaimed graphic novels like Awkward and Definition (2008), Potential (2008) and Likewise (2009), editing Stuck in the Middle (2007), writing television scripts for the L-Word and How to Make It in America, and composing her latest creation, her first novel, Adam (2014). In the following Skype interview, conducted with Andrea Greenbaum on 9 December 2014, Ariel Schrag explores Jewish identity, artistic habits, and getting ‘lucky’.
Identity and Conflict: Cultural Heritage, Reconstruction and National Identity in Kosovo
Authors: Morel Anne-Françoise 
Published: January 2016

The year 1989 marked the six hundredth anniversary of the defeat of the Christian Prince of Serbia, Lazard I, at the hands of the Ottoman Empire in the “Valley of the Blackbirds,” Kosovo. On June 28, 1989, the very day of the battle’s anniversary, thousands of Serbs gathered on the presumed historic battle field bearing nationalistic symbols and honoring the Serbian martyrs buried in Orthodox churches across the territory. They were there to hear a speech delivered by Slobodan Milosevic in which the then-president of the Socialist Republic of Serbia revived Lazard’s mythic battle and martyrdom. It was a symbolic act aimed at establishing a version of history that saw Kosovo as part of the Serbian nation. It marked the commencement of a violent process of subjugation that culminated in genocide. Fully integrated into the complex web of tragic violence that was to ensue was the targeting and destruction of the region’s architectural and cultural heritage. As with the peoples of the region, this heritage crossed geopolitical “boundaries.”
Through the fluctuations of history, Kosovo’s heritage had already become subject to divergent temporal, geographical, physical and even symbolical forces. During the war it was to become a focal point of clashes between these forces and, as Anthony D. Smith argues with regard to cultural heritage more generally, it would be seen as “a legacy belonging to the past of ‘the other,’” which, in times of conflict, opponents try “to damage or even deny.” Today, the scars of this conflict, its damage and its denial are still evident. However, there are initiatives that are now seeking to use heritage – architectural and otherwise – as a way of fostering respect and dialogue between the cultures still reeling from the effects of the conflict. Having been seen as an originating factor in the conflict and made into a target for attack during the war, heritage is now seen as a facilitator for peacekeeping. As is to be expected, this is a complex, polemic, fraught and contested process.