bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Impacts of Selected Packaging Materials on the Quality Attributes of Cassava Flour (cvs. TME 419 and UMUCASS 36)
Authors: Opara Umezuruike Linus , Caleb Oluwafemi J. , Uchechukwu‐Agua Amarachi D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe influence of packaging materials (plastic bucket, low density polyethylene [LDPE] bags and paper bags) on quality attributes of the flour of 2 cassava cultivars (TME 419 and UMUCASS 36) stored at 23 ± 2 °C and 60% relative humidity (RH) were investigated for 12 wk. Cassava flour from each package type was evaluated for proximate composition, physicochemical properties and microbial growth at 4‐wk intervals. Total color difference (∆E) of both cassava flour cultivars increased with storage duration. Flour packed in plastic bucket had the lowest change in color (3.2 ± 0.42) for cv. “TME 419ˮ and (4.1 ± 0.87) for cv. “UMUCASS 36ˮ at the end of week 12. Total carotenoid decreased across all treatment, and after the 12 wk storage, the highest total carotenoid retention (1.7 ± 0.02 and 2.0 ± 0.05 μg/mL) was observed in flour packed in plastic bucket. However, cassava flour in paper bag had the lowest microbial count of 3.4 ± 0.03 and 3.4 ± 0.08 log cfu/g for total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and fungi, respectively.
MO‐Phylogenetics: a phylogenetic inference software tool with multi‐objective evolutionary metaheuristics
Authors: Zambrano‐Vega Cristian , Nebro Antonio J. , Aldana‐Montes José F. 
Published: December 2015

Summary

Phylogenetic inference is the process of searching and reconstructing the best phylogenetic tree that explains the evolution of species from a given data set. It is considered as an NP‐hard problem due to the computational complexity required to find the optimal phylogenetic trees in the space of all the possible topologies.

We have developed MO‐Phylogenetics, a software tool to infer phylogenetic trees optimizing two reconstruction criteria simultaneously, integrating a framework for multi‐objective optimization with two phylogenetic software packages.

As a result, researchers in life sciences have at their disposal a high‐performance tool including a number of multi‐objective metaheuristics that can be applied to phylogenetic inference using the maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood as objectives to be optimized at the same time.
A Large Retrospective Cohort of Patients Receiving Intravenous Olanzapine in the Emergency Department
Authors: Martel Marc L. , Klein Lauren R. , Rivard Robert L. , Cole Jon B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundOlanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic with similar pharmacologic properties to droperidol. Due to the current droperidol shortage, the authors’ clinical practice has been to substitute olanzapine for droperidol in many situations. At this time, olanzapine is U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved for oral and intramuscular (IM) use only, but due to its increased utility, intravenous (IV) olanzapine was recently approved for use in the study emergency department (ED).ObjectivesThe authors sought to review the use and safety of IV olanzapine in the ED patient population.MethodsA retrospective review of consecutive patients receiving IV olanzapine between January 1, 2014, and July 1, 2014, was conducted. Data were collected via an electronic medical record review. The study was deemed exempt from informed consent by our institutional review board.ResultsA total of 713 patients received IV olanzapine during the study period. The median age was 38 years (range = 18 to 85 years), and 313 patients were male (43.9%). Primary indications for IV olanzapine administration included acute agitation (n = 245, 34.4%), abdominal pain (n = 165, 23.1%), headache (n = 121, 17.0%), nausea and vomiting (n = 107, 15.0%), pain (other; n = 60, 8.4%), and unknown (n = 15, 2.1%). IV dosing varied: 1.25 mg (n = 20, 2.8%), 2.5 mg (n = 185, 25.9%), 5 mg (n = 507, 71.1%), and 10 mg (n = 1, 0.1%). Forty‐nine patients required a second dose of olanzapine (22 IV, 26 IM, one oral). The maximum total dose of olanzapine was 20 mg. Ninety‐eight patients required a total of 146 doses of additional sedatives during their ED course. Other sedative medications included ketamine (n = 17, 2.4%), haloperidol (n = 48, 6.7%), and benzodiazepines (n = 81, 11.4%). Hypoxia was noted in 74 patients (10.4%). Major respiratory complications, including airway stimulation or repositioning maneuvers and intubation, occurred in 15 patients (2.1%). After consensus review, one intubation was classified as “likely related” to olanzapine administration, and two were classified as “possibly related” to olanzapine. Akathisia likely occurred in four patients (0.6%), and no allergic reactions were identified. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were performed in 322 patients. A total of 251 patients had an ECG performed before olanzapine administration (median QTc = 404 ms), and 88 patients had an ECG performed after olanzapine administration (median QTc = 415 ms). Acute alcohol and drug intoxication was common, 118 (16.5%) patients were positive for ethanol, and seven of 23 drug screens were positive for sympathomimetics. Thirty‐four of 284 admissions (4.5%) were to intermediate or intensive care unit beds. No patients died while in the ED and no cases of sudden cardiac death were noted.ConclusionsIn this large retrospective review, IV olanzapine appears to be a safe in the management of a variety of ED indications. Hypoxia was common, but serious airway compromise was rare.
Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Tissue Oxygenation Monitoring During Procedural Sedation: The Occurrence of Peripheral Tissue Oxygenation Changes With Respiratory Depression and Supportive Airway Measures
Authors: O'Brien‐Lambert Alex , Driver Brian , Moore Johanna C. , Schick Alexandra , Miner James R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to assess whether respiratory depression and supportive airway measures occurring during procedural sedation are associated with changes in peripheral tissue oxygen saturation (StO2).MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of adult patients undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department (ED). Patients undergoing sedation with propofol, 1:1 propofol and ketamine, and 4:1 propofol and ketamine were included. Clinical interventions, sedative medication doses, vital signs, end‐tidal capnography (ETCO2), pulse oximetry (SpO2), and peripheral tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) were recorded. Respiratory depression was defined as the occurrence of a recorded SpO2 < 92%, an increase in ETCO2 > 10 mm Hg from baseline, or loss of capnography waveform. Supportive airway measures documented during the procedure included bag‐valve mask ventilation, airway repositioning maneuvers, increase in supplemental oxygen, and stimulation to induce respiration. Relative changes in StO2 between baseline and nadir were compared among patients who met respiratory depression criteria or required a supportive airway measure and those who did not.ResultsNinety‐three patients were enrolled. Thirty‐two patients (34.4%) met criteria for respiratory depression, and 31 (33.3%) required intervention in the form of a supportive airway measure. The median percent change in StO2 from procedure baseline to nadir in patients meeting criteria for respiratory depression was 13.6%, compared to 4.2% in those who did not. The change in StO2 in patients who required a supportive airway measure was 12.5% versus 5.4% in those who did not.ConclusionsPatients with respiratory depression and the use of supportive airway measures had greater changes in StO2 during procedural sedation than in patients who did not. Peripheral tissue oxygen saturation monitoring may be a useful tool for assessing respiratory adverse events in patients undergoing procedural sedation in the ED.
Good‐quality diet in the early years may have a positive effect on academic achievement
Authors: Nyaradi Anett , Li Jianghong , Foster Jonathan K. , Hickling Siobhan , Jacques Angela , O'Sullivan Therese A. , Oddy Wendy H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the associations between early diet and academic performance during childhood.MethodsParticipants were from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study (n = 2287). Frequency of consumption of food and beverages was collected at the one‐, two‐ and three‐year follow‐ups, using a 24‐hour food recall. Diet scores were developed from the number of eating occasions. The Western Australian Literacy and Numeracy Assessment (WALNA) data from grades five (age 10) and seven (age 12) were linked to the Raine study using The Western Australian Data Linkage System. The association between diet scores and WALNA scores was assessed using multivariate linear regression models.ResultsA higher (i.e. better quality) diet score at one year of age was associated with significantly higher scores in mathematics, reading, writing and spelling at both grades five and seven. Associations were observed between a higher diet score at two years and academic scores for mathematics, writing and spelling at grade seven. Higher dairy consumption at ages one, two and three, and higher fruit consumption at age one were associated with higher academic scores at all ages.ConclusionQuality of early diet may be a predictor for later academic achievement.
Impact of nitrogen inputs on multiple facets of plant biodiversity in mountain grasslands: does nutrient source matter?
Authors: Mauchamp Leslie , Mouly Arnaud , Badot Pierre‐Marie , Gillet François 
Published: December 2015

AbstractQuestionsWhat is the impact of nitrogen (N) inputs on the vegetation of mountain permanent grasslands? Beyond the effect of fertilizer quantity (total and available N supply), is there a specific effect of fertilizer quality (the various N sources) on the multiple biodiversity facets of plant communities?LocationJura Mountains (France).MethodsBased on a vegetation and agronomic survey of 29 mown grasslands, we considered taxonomic, phylogenetic and multi‐trait functional diversity indices as well as community‐weighted means of seven functional traits (CWMs) including CSR strategies. Using partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) and Spearman correlations, we assessed the response of these biodiversity metrics to (1) the medium‐term total N input and the short‐term available N input of any origin, and (2) the relative contribution of industrial fertilizers, solid manure, liquid manure, livestock restitutions and atmospheric deposition to the amount of available N added to the soil during the year preceding vegetation sampling.ResultsWe report significant negative rank correlations between total or available N input and two diversity metrics: species richness and functional richness. Among CWMs, high N inputs were positively correlated with specific leaf area (SLA), competitive and ruderal strategies, and negatively with seed mass and stress‐tolerant strategy. Results also revealed various trends according to the N source: when the proportion of available N from livestock restitutions was high, plant communities showed higher taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and lower leaf dry matter content. In contrast, communities receiving mainly industrial fertilizers showed lower taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and higher SLA. Moreover, pRDA suggested contrasting impacts of the main N source on life strategies: R strategy appeared more favoured by a high proportion of industrial fertilizers, while C strategy was enhanced by liquid or solid manure.ConclusionsOur observations support the common finding that a high N supply impacts plant functional composition and is associated with a decrease in species richness through the loss of stress‐tolerant species. In addition, they show that biodiversity patterns mostly depend on fertilizer origin. In particular, industrial fertilizers appear to be the most detrimental sources of nutrients for both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in mountain grasslands.
Exploring the intracellular pharmacokinetics of the 5‐fluorouracil nucleotides during capecitabine treatment
Authors: Derissen Ellen J. B. , Jacobs Bart A. W. , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Rosing Hilde , Schellens Jan H. M. , Beijnen Jos H. 
Published: December 2015

AimThree intracellularly formed metabolites are responsible for the antineoplastic effect of capecitabine: 5‐fluorouridine 5′‐triphosphate (FUTP), 5‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine 5′‐triphosphate (FdUTP), and 5‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine 5′‐monophosphate (FdUMP). The objective of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetics of these intracellular metabolites during capecitabine treatment.MethodsSerial plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were collected from 13 patients treated with capecitabine 1000 mg QD (group A) and eight patients receiving capecitabine 850 mg m−2 BID for fourteen days, every three weeks (group B). Samples were collected on day 1 and, for four patients of group B, also on day 14. The capecitabine and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) plasma concentrations and intracellular metabolite concentrations were determined using LC–MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non‐compartmental analysis.ResultsOnly FUTP could be measured in the PBMC samples. The FdUTP and FdUMP concentrations were below the detection limits (LOD). No significant correlation was found between the plasma 5‐FU and intracellular FUTP exposure. The FUTP concentration–time profiles demonstrated considerable inter‐individual variation and accumulation of the metabolite in PBMCs. FUTP levels ranged between <LOD and 1.0 μM on day 1, and from 0.64 to 14 μM on day 14. The area under the FUTP concentration–time curve was significantly increased on day 14 of the treatment compared to day 1 (mean ± SD: 28 ± 19 μM h vs. 2.0 ± 1.9 μM h).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first time that intracellular FUTP concentrations were measured in patients treated with capecitabine. During 14 days of treatment with capecitabine twice daily, intracellular accumulation of FUTP occurs.
Spatial Language and the Embedded Listener Model in Parents’ Input to Children
Authors: Ferrara Katrina , Silva Malena , Wilson Colin , Landau Barbara 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLanguage is a collaborative act: To communicate successfully, speakers must generate utterances that are not only semantically valid but also sensitive to the knowledge state of the listener. Such sensitivity could reflect the use of an “embedded listener model,” where speakers choose utterances on the basis of an internal model of the listener's conceptual and linguistic knowledge. In this study, we ask whether parents’ spatial descriptions incorporate an embedded listener model that reflects their children's understanding of spatial relations and spatial terms. Adults described the positions of targets in spatial arrays to their children or to the adult experimenter. Arrays were designed so that targets could not be identified unless spatial relationships within the array were encoded and described. Parents of 3–4‐year‐old children encoded relationships in ways that were well‐matched to their children's level of spatial language. These encodings differed from those of the same relationships in speech to the adult experimenter (Experiment 1). In contrast, parents of individuals with severe spatial impairments (Williams syndrome) did not show clear evidence of sensitivity to their children's level of spatial language (Experiment 2). The results provide evidence for an embedded listener model in the domain of spatial language and indicate conditions under which the ability to model listener knowledge may be more challenging.
A comparison of propofol–midazolam and midazolam alone for sedation in endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Öztaş Selahattin , Aka Aktürk Ülkü , Alpay Levent A. , Meydan Burhan , Ogün Hamza , Taylan Mahşuk , Yalçınsoy Murat , Çalışır Haluk C. , Görgüner Ali Metin , Ernam Dilek 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivesEndobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) is a new, minimally invasive, bronchoscopic technique used in the evaluation of inthrathoracic lymph nodes.Use of sedation drugs before the procedure differs among centres. There is no standardization about sedation before EBUS‐TBNA.We used a policy decision to shift from use of propofol with midazolam vs midazolam alone in a large tertiary hospital to evaluate the diagnostic yield and safety of EBUS‐TBNA procedure.MethodsFiles of all the patients who were performed EBUS‐TBNA between the dates of September 2010 and May 2014 were surveyed. All the EBUS‐TBNA cases were performed under sedation of propofol and midazolam with an accompanying anesthesiologist in the beginning, however, sedation is applied with midazolam without an accompanying anesthesiologist after April 2013 due to changes in sedation policy. The diagnostic yield and complication rates were compared by chi‐squared analysis between two groups.ResultsThe files of 340 EBUS‐TBNA performed patients were evaluated. Of the patients 274 eligible patients were analysed. 152 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were analysed in propofol‐midazolam (P) sedated group and 122 patients were analysed in midazolam (M) group. There is no statistically significant difference between two different sedated groups in terms of age and gender. Diagnostic value was detected as 77.6% in P group and 85.7% in M group and the difference was not statistically significant. No difference between complication rates of both groups was observed.ConclusionBoth sedation‐types for performing EBUS‐TBNA showed similar diagnostic value and complication rates in our study. Propofol with midazolam application requires with an accompanying anaesthesiologist, therefore, it increases cost. EBUS‐TBNA procedures had been performed in safe with no decrease in diagnostic yield under moderate sedation.
Response loss and development of neutralizing antibodies during long‐term treatment with romiplostim in patients with immune thrombocytopenia: a case series
Authors: Carpenedo Monica , Cantoni Silvia , Coccini Veronica , Pogliani Enrico Maria , Cairoli Roberto 
Published: December 2015

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by low platelet counts resulting from both immune‐mediated platelet destruction and inappropriate bone marrow platelet production. Therefore, in patients with ITP failing immunosuppressants/splenectomy, an alternative approach is to enhance platelet production stimulating thrombopoiesis. Studies on the development of recombinant thrombopoietins (rhTPO) were halted as a minority of patients developed an autoantibody that neutralized pegylated rhTPO and also cross‐reacted with and neutralized endogenous TPO resulting in thrombocytopenia. Clinical use of romiplostim, a second‐generation TPO‐RAs, has shown that during long‐term treatment, it may elicit the development of neutralizing antibodies to this agent resulting in acute thrombocytopenia. In our case series of 47 primary adult patients with ITP treated with romiplostim, 28 of 47 are evaluable for response loss. Among these, we observed eight patients who either progressively (3 of 8) or abruptly (5 of 8) lost response which accounts for a prevalence of 28.5%. Neutralizing antibody testing could be performed in 4 of 8 patients and 3 of 4 tested positive. These antibodies did not cross‐react with endogenous TPO and retesting of 2 patients at 9 and 7 months yielded a negative result. At follow‐up, 5 of 8 patients – including the 3 patients with neutralizing antibodies – went into long‐term complete response when switched to a different therapy while 3 of 8 patients never regained a response on subsequent lines of therapy. Response loss does not seem to be so rare an event during romiplostim administration (28.5% in our series) and in a minority of patients, it can be associated with development of drug neutralizing antibodies. Although recognized by the manufacturer as a possible adverse event ensuing during romiplostim administration, development of neutralizing antibody in everyday clinical practice has so far not been specifically addressed in reports on romiplostim use outside controlled studies. Unfortunately, testing for these antibodies requires adhesion to strict procedures which is not easily accomplished in everyday clinical practice. This complexity represents a significant drawback in extending antibody testing to all patients who lose response to romiplostim.
Human focal seizures are characterized by populations of fixed duration and interval
Authors: Cook Mark J. , Karoly Philippa J. , Freestone Dean R. , Himes David , Leyde Kent , Berkovic Samuel , O'Brien Terence , Grayden David B. , Boston Ray 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectiveWe report on a quantitative analysis of data from a study that acquired continuous long‐term ambulatory human electroencephalography (EEG) data over extended periods. The objectives were to examine the seizure duration and interseizure interval (ISI), their relationship to each other, and the effect of these features on the clinical manifestation of events.MethodsChronic ambulatory intracranial EEG data acquired for the purpose of seizure prediction were analyzed and annotated. A detection algorithm identified potential seizure activity, which was manually confirmed. Events were classified as clinically corroborated, electroencephalographically identical but not clinically corroborated, or subclinical. K‐means cluster analysis supplemented by finite mixture modeling was used to locate groupings of seizure duration and ISI.ResultsQuantitative analyses confirmed well‐resolved groups of seizure duration and ISIs, which were either mono‐modal or multimodal, and highly subject specific. Subjects with a single population of seizures were linked to improved seizure prediction outcomes. There was a complex relationship between clinically manifest seizures, seizure duration, and interval.SignificanceThese data represent the first opportunity to reliably investigate the statistics of seizure occurrence in a realistic, long‐term setting. The presence of distinct duration groups implies that the evolution of seizures follows a predetermined course. Patterns of seizure activity showed considerable variation between individuals, but were highly predictable within individuals. This finding indicates seizure dynamics are characterized by subject‐specific time scales; therefore, temporal distributions of seizures should also be interpreted on an individual level. Identification of duration and interval subgroups may provide a new avenue for improving seizure prediction.