bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locus Coeruleus Activity Strengthens Prioritized Memories Under Arousal
Authors: Clewett David V. , Huang Ringo , Velasco Rico , Lee Tae-Ho , Mather Mara 
Published: January 2018

Recent models posit that bursts of locus ceruleus (LC) activity amplify neural gain such that limited attention and encoding resources focus even more on prioritized mental representations under arousal. Here, we tested this hypothesis in human males and females using fMRI, neuromelanin MRI, and pupil dilation, a biomarker of arousal and LC activity. During scanning, participants performed a monetary incentive encoding task in which threat of punishment motivated them to prioritize encoding of scene images over superimposed objects. Threat of punishment elicited arousal and selectively enhanced memory for goal-relevant scenes. Furthermore, trial-level pupil dilations predicted better scene memory under threat, but were not related to object memory outcomes. fMRI analyses revealed that greater threat-evoked pupil dilations were positively associated with greater scene encoding activity in LC and parahippocampal cortex, a region specialized to process scene information. Across participants, this pattern of LC engagement for goal-relevant encoding was correlated with neuromelanin signal intensity, providing the first evidence that LC structure relates to its activation pattern during cognitive processing. Threat also reduced dynamic functional connectivity between high-priority (parahippocampal place area) and lower-priority (lateral occipital cortex) category-selective visual cortex in ways that predicted increased memory selectivity. Together, these findings support the idea that, under arousal, LC activity selectively strengthens prioritized memory representations by modulating local and functional network-level patterns of information processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAdaptive behavior relies on the ability to select and store important information amid distraction. Prioritizing encoding of task-relevant inputs is especially critical in threatening or arousing situations, when forming these memories is essential for avoiding danger in the future. However, little is known about the arousal mechanisms that support such memory selectivity. Using fMRI, neuromelanin MRI, and pupil measures, we demonstrate that locus ceruleus (LC) activity amplifies neural gain such that limited encoding resources focus even more on prioritized mental representations under arousal. For the first time, we also show that LC structure relates to its involvement in threat-related encoding processes. These results shed new light on the brain mechanisms by which we process important information when it is most needed.
The impact of preload reduction with head-up tilt testing on longitudinal and transverse left ventricular mechanics: a study utilizing deformation volume analysis
Authors: Schneider Caroline , Forsythe Lynsey , Somauroo John , George Keith , Oxborough David 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background Left ventricular (LV) function is dependent on load, intrinsic contractility and relaxation with a variable impact on specific mechanics. Strain (ε) imaging allows the assessment of cardiac function; however, the direct relationship between volume and strain is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to establish the impact of preload reduction through head-up tilt (HUT) testing on simultaneous left ventricular (LV) longitudinal and transverse function and their respective contribution to volume change.

Methods: A focused transthoracic echocardiogram was performed on 10 healthy male participants (23 ± 3 years) in the supine position and following 1 min and 5 min of HUT testing. Raw temporal longitudinal ε (Ls) and transverse ε (Ts) values were exported and divided into 5% increments across the cardiac cycle and corresponding LV volumes were traced at each 5% increment. This provided simultaneous LV longitudinal and transverse ε and volume loops (deformation volume analysis–DVA).

Results: There was a leftward shift of the ε-volume loop from supine to 1 min and 5 min of HUT (P < 0.001). Moreover, longitudinal shortening was reduced (P < 0.001) with a concomitant increase in transverse thickening from supine to 1 min, which was further augmented at 5 min (P = 0.018).

Conclusions: Preload reduction occurs within 1 min of HUT but does not further reduce at 5 min. This decline is associated with a decrease in longitudinal ε and concomitant increase in transverse ε. Consequently, augmented transverse relaxation appears to be an important factor in the maintenance of LV filling in the setting of reduced preload. DVA provides information on the relative contribution of mechanics to a change in LV volume and may have a role in the assessment of clinical populations.
Modeling the Evolution of Female Meiotic Drive in Maize
Authors: Hall David W , Dawe R Kelly 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Autosomal drivers violate Mendel’s law of segregation in that they are overrepresented in gametes of heterozygous parents. For drivers to be polymorphic within populations rather than fixing, their transmission advantage must be offset by deleterious effects on other fitness components. In this paper, we develop an analytical model for the evolution of autosomal drivers that is motivated by the neocentromere drive system found in maize. In particular, we model both the transmission advantage and deleterious fitness effects on seed viability, pollen viability, seed to adult survival mediated by maternal genotype, and seed to adult survival mediated by offspring genotype. We derive general, biologically intuitive conditions for the four most likely evolutionary outcomes and discuss the expected evolution of autosomal drivers given these conditions. Finally, we determine the expected equilibrium allele frequencies predicted by the model given recent estimates of fitness components for all relevant genotypes and show that the predicted equilibrium is within the range observed in maize land races for levels of drive at the low end of what has been observed.
The Complexities and Nuances of Analyzing the Genome of Drosophila ananassae and Its Wolbachia Endosymbiont
Authors: Dunning Hotopp Julie C , Klasson Lisa 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In “Retrotransposons Are the Major Contributors to the Expansion of the Drosophila ananassae Muller F Element,” Leung et al. (2017) improved contigs attributed to the Muller F element from the original CAF1 assembly, and used them to conclude that most of the sequence expansion of the fourth chromosome of D. ananassae is due to a higher transposon load than previously thought, but is not due to Wolbachia DNA integrations. While we do not disagree with the first conclusion, the authors base their second conclusion on the lack of homology detected between their improved CAF1 genome assembly attributed to D. ananassae and reference Wolbachia genomes. While the consensus CAF1 genome assembly lacks any sequence similarity to the reference genome of the Wolbachia endosymbiont of Drosophila melanogaster (wMel), numerous studies from multiple laboratories provide experimental support for a large lateral/horizontal gene transfer (LGT) of a Wolbachia genome into this D. ananassae line. As such, we strongly suspect that the original whole genome assembly was either constructed after the removal of all Wolbachia reads, or that Wolbachia sequences were directly removed from the contigs in the CAF1 assembly. Hence, Leung et al. (2017) could not have identified the Wolbachia LGT using the CAF1 assembly. This manuscript by Leung et al. (2017) highlights that an assembly of the Wolbachia sequence reads and their mate pairs was erroneously attributed solely to the Wolbachia endosymbiont, albeit before we understood the extent of LGT in D. ananassae. As such, we recommend that the sequences deposited at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under PRJNA13365 should not be attributed to Wolbachia endosymbiont of D. ananassae, but should have their taxonomy reclassified by NCBI as “Unclassified sequences.” As our knowledge about genome biology improves, we need to reconsider and reanalyze earlier genomes removing the prejudice introduced from now defunct paradigms.
Genome-Wide Screen forSaccharomyces cerevisiaeGenes Contributing to Opportunistic Pathogenicity in an Invertebrate Model Host
Authors: Phadke Sujal S , Maclean Calum J , Zhao Serena Y , Mueller Emmi A , Michelotti Lucas A , Norman Kaitlyn L , Kumar Anuj , James Timothy Y 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEnvironmental opportunistic pathogens can exploit vulnerable hosts through expression of traits selected for in their natural environments. Pathogenicity is itself a complicated trait underpinned by multiple complex traits, such as thermotolerance, morphology, and stress response. The baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a species with broad environmental tolerance that has been increasingly reported as an opportunistic pathogen of humans. Here we leveraged the genetic resources available in yeast and a model insect species, the greater waxmoth Galleria mellonella, to provide a genome-wide analysis of pathogenicity factors. Using serial passaging experiments of genetically marked wild-type strains, a hybrid strain was identified as the most fit genotype across all replicates. To dissect the genetic basis for pathogenicity in the hybrid isolate, bulk segregant analysis was performed which revealed eight quantitative trait loci significantly differing between the two bulks with alleles from both parents contributing to pathogenicity. A second passaging experiment with a library of deletion mutants for most yeast genes identified a large number of mutations whose relative fitness differed in vivovs.in vitro, including mutations in genes controlling cell wall integrity, mitochondrial function, and tyrosine metabolism. Yeast is presumably subjected to a massive assault by the innate insect immune system that leads to melanization of the host and to a large bottleneck in yeast population size. Our data support that resistance to the innate immune response of the insect is key to survival in the host and identifies shared genetic mechanisms between S. cerevisiae and other opportunistic fungal pathogens.
Expression and Clinical Significance of P120 Catenin mRNA and Protein in Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: Fei Yang , Cheng Zhangjun , Liu Shengli , Liu Xushun , Ge Zi , Wang Feng , Zong Guangquan , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2018

The aim of this work was investigate the association of P120 catenin expression with the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma. RT-PCR was performed to investigate the expression of P120 catenin mRNA and western blotting were performed to investigate the expression of P120 catenin protein in 52 patients with pancreatic carcinoma. The relationships between P120 catenin expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were analyzed.The mRNA and protein expression of P120 catenin detected by RT-PCR and western blot-ting in pancreatic carcinoma was significantly lower than that in normal pancreatic tissues (0.227±0.067 vs 0.793±0.162, t=9.157, P =0.000; 0.665±0.192 vs 0.936±0.251, t=3.857=, P=0.002). Reduced expression of P120 catenin mRNA and protein was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P =0.004, P =0.006), vascular invasion (P =0.022, P=0.039), distant metastasis (P =0.037, P =0.025), differentiated (P =0.033, P =0.013) and pTNM stage (P =0.003, P =0.022) of tumours. Additionally, reduced expression of P120 catenin mRNA and protein in tumour correlated with a worse prognosis and normal expression with a better survival rate (P=0.022, P=0.007). The reduced expression of both P120 catenin mRNA and protein in pancreatic carcinoma suggest that low expressions relate to pancreatic carcinoma develop- ment. P120 catenin may be related to pancreatic carcinoma behaviour and be a potential prognostic molecule.
THE ROLE OF CORN WASTE PRODUCT INNOVATION TOWARD THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF SOCIETY (Case Study on MSMEs in Ketawang Village)
Authors: Aliya Unsa Farrichatun , Atsil Irfana , Rachmawati Dwi 
Published: January 2018

<p>The Role of Corn Waste Product Innovation toward The Economic Growth of Society, this research aims to find out the influence of the corn waste product innovation that usually does not have the value of sales in the market share of the economic growth of society, this research using mixed methods to test the hypothesis with quantitative methods as a support from qualitative methods used by the researchers. The results from the qualitative research that innovation is indeed affected the economic growth of society revealed by the results of the interview an expert trusted and accurate and the results of quantitative research stated that innovation variables (X) have a positive effect on economic growth (Y), with total influence of 91.1 % positive influence, this means of increasing innovation and will affect the improvement of The economy.</p>Key Words: Innovation, Economic growth, Mixed Method, MSMEs, Corn Husk Waste
Estado do conhecimento da pesquisa brasileira sobre disciplinas de conteúdo matemático na Licenciatura
Authors: Almeida Amanda Larissa de , Cristovão Eliane Matesco 
Published: January 2018

Este artigo apresenta parte de uma pesquisa do estado do conhecimento que mapeou as pesquisas brasileiras sobre disciplinas de conteúdo matemático na Licenciatura e visa analisar como estas contribuem para compreender o campo da formação inicial. Inicialmente, é apresentado um panorama geral do estudo, tendo por base a análise de um corpus de 15 estudos obtido a partir do projeto “Mapeamento e Estado da Arte da pesquisa brasileira sobre o professor que ensina matemática”. Em seguida, são analisadas nove teses e dissertações relativas à categoria dos trabalhos que investigaram propostas ou práticas inovadoras. A discussão dos resultados aponta contribuições em relação às abordagens metodológicas adotadas, destacando o uso das tecnologias e a participação dos discentes em práticas colaborativas, investigativas e reflexivas. Entretanto, o estabelecimento de relações entre os conteúdos ensinados e aqueles que o licenciando futuramente irá ensinar revela-se ainda pouco presente nas licenciaturas.
The resistance of urban poor upon the modern medication system: Reaction towards the power domination practice of the medical regime
Authors: Ariadi Septi , Partini Partini , Supraja Mohammad 
Published: January 2018

The power domination that reflected in the form of dominant discourse and normality management done by the medical regime through the hegemony process and the panoptic mechanism upon the individual and society in concrete is marked by the presence of regulation and surveillance (monitoring) in the medical fields. This study focuses the attention on the attempt in understanding and analyze the process and the resistance of urban poor upon the modern medication system that is internalized by medical regime as well as to explain the base or the potential problem that could become the trigger for the occurrence of resistance. This study also discuss the power relation that is made with the health personnel as well as to identify the base or the background that causing the resistance. This study used the qualitative-inductive method and the reflexive methodology. With the critical perspective and using the reflexive methodology from this study, conclusion can be drawn the power domination that is demonstrated by the medical regime has create the critical awareness of the urban poor that is followed by the process of resistance that is realized in the technique of low profile by avoiding, retracting, fatalist and passive. All of that is according to the characteristics of the low class structure as well as the resistance that is personal, spontaneous, and expressive; that tend to be manifested as well as exit and developed an alternative discourse/ otherness according to the autonomy of willingness and power owned by the urban poor. In the context of resistance act of urban poor is realized in three shapes: (a) urban poor developed skepticism and criticism upon the modern medication although they still accessing the modern medication, (b) developed the pluralistic-patterned medical orientation or the combinative one. Lastly, (c) the exit of urban poor and developed the alternative discourse/otherness about the medication system to gain the recovery according to the autonomy of willingness and power held by it.
Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method for Contamination Determination of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in Methanol Extract and Product of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.
Authors: Hanwar Dedi , Nitoviani Devi Eka , Suhendi Andi 
Published: January 2018

<p>The validity of atomic absorption spectrometry method for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) determination in methanol extract and product of Curcuma xanthorrhiza was unknown. The aim of this work is to determine the validity of atomic absorption spectrometry method for Pb and Cd determination in methanol extract and product of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. Digestion process was done by wet digestion method and its results were read by atomic absorption spectrometry at a wavelength 217.0 nm for Pb and 228.8 nm for Cd. Validation results found % recovery of Pb and Cd respectively were 87.16% ± 0.38 (RSD 0.42) and 89.10% ± 0.06 (RSD 0.07) in methanol extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza, 92.62% ± 0.24 (RSD 0.26) and 100.16% ± 0.07 (RSD 0.07) in Curcuma xanthorrhiza product. Precision test found the RSD value for Pb in the methanol extract and product of Curcuma xanthorrhiza were 0.02 and 0.14 respectively, but the RSD value for Cd were not detected. The linearity test results of Pb and Cd standar solution were 0.9998 and 0.9979. The LOD for Pb and Cd were 0.4 ppm and 0.1 ppm, and the LOQ were 1.3 ppm and 0.5 ppm respectively. Based on the % recovery results, the method of Pb and Cd determination by atomic absorption spectrometry is valid for methanol extract and product of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. The levels of Pb in extract and product of Curcuma xanthorrhiza were 2.10 ± 0.001 mg/kg and 4.34 ± 0.001 mg/kg respectively, but the levels of Cd in both samples did not detected.</p><p> <strong><em> </em></strong></p><p> </p>
Lymphoma of Bone
Authors: Steffner Robert J. , Jang Eugene S. , Danford Nicholas C. 
Published: January 2018

* Lymphoma can demonstrate primary or secondary involvement of bone.* The most common subtype of primary lymphoma of bone is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.* 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) scanning is important for diagnosis, staging, and assessing the response to therapy.* In general, immunochemotherapy should be administered before radiation therapy.* The use of radiation for the treatment of lymphoma of bone is controversial. Recent studies have suggested a benefit in terms of local disease control.* Orthopaedic surgeons see patients who have skeletal lymphoma at the time of initial workup or in consultation for biopsy and/or the assessment of impending and pathological fractures. Correlating the type and stage of bone lymphoma with prognosis can provide a guide to treatment. The goals for patients with a favorable prognosis include minimizing the need for surgery, limiting surgical morbidity when surgery is needed, and using implants that reduce tumor contamination and thus the field size of radiation if needed.
Analisis Minat Belajar Mahasiswa Terhadap Penggunaan Alat Peraga Neraca Cavendish
Authors: Kahar Muhammad Syahrul 
Published: January 2018

The aims of this research are to identify student’s interest in the Cavendish Balance of Aids in physics learning. This research uses Design One Group Pretest-Posttest; Samples used are class D semester I Mathematics Education academic year 2015/2016 of 30 students, Instrument Questionnaire in this study using a questionnaire of student interest. The results showed the use of a aids in the learning of physics effect in to assist students in understanding the material being taught. In addition, the students' interest in learning also improved with the application of visual aids, it can be seen from 96.7% of students stated strongly agree and agree on the statement While 3.3% of students feel disagree with the statement, it is also supported on the value of tcalculate more bigger than ttable with ttable = 2,042 with tcalculate = 20,477. It can be concluded that there is a significant improvement in learning outcomes on the used Cavendish balance of aids so that students' interest in learning becomes better.
Pengaruh Pendekatan Contextual Teaching And Learning Berbasis Inquiry Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa
Authors: Ningsih Agus Puji Setya 
Published: January 2018

The problem in this research is the less learning to train students' science process skills. This study aims to determine the positive influence of contextual teaching and learning approach based on inquiry to the skills of science process students of grade XI SMA Unggul N 4 Palembang. The research method used is quasi experimental design with design matching only pre-test post-test control group design. Population in this research is all class XI MIPA SMA Unggul N 4 Palembang. Sampling using purposiveive sampling technique to obtain class XI MIPA.5 as experiment class and XI MIPA.4 as control class. Technique of collecting data using test technique. The technique of analyzing test data using t-test technique. Based on the results of the test data analysis, the average value of post-test experimental class is 84.26, while the control class is 70.85. Hypothesis test results using t-test at a significant level of 5% obtained thitung> ttabel ie 6.77> 1.671. So it can be concluded that the contextual teaching and learning approach based on inquiry have a positive effect on students' science process skill.
Reproductive characteristics of an invasive species Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) in Ataturk Dam Lake, Turkey
Authors: Parmaksız Arif , Oymak Seyit Ahmet , Dogan Necmettin , Naim Darlina MD. , Unlu Erhan 
Published: January 2018

In this study, sex composition, spawning period, fecundity and sexual maturity of the gibel carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782), an invasive species in the Atatürk Dam Lake, on Euphrates River,Turkey were studied. C. gibelio specimens were analysed from Ataturk Dam Lake and the percentage of the males and females was 45.55% and 55.45% respectively out of the 110 specimens studied, ranging between age groups I -VI. The age at first maturity was three years for both females and males. The diameter of the egg was smallest in September, with a mean of 0.62 mm, while the mean egg diameter in June was greatest, at 1.54 mm. The absolute fecundity ranged from 1054 to 22548. Reproduction of gibel carp in Atatürk Dam Lake in Turkey was characterised by a young age at first maturity and high spawning capacity that would facilitate population expansion in aquatic environments.