bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uso de inteligencia artificial para promocionar productos artesanales de asociaciones en Salcedo y Pujilí, Cotopaxi
Authors: Villegas Gavilanes Sheyla Ayleen , Imbaquingo Valdiviezo Joselyn Nicole , Flores Lagla Galo Alfredo 
Published: February 2025

El estudio evalúa en qué medida la implementación de herramientas de inteligencia artificial (IA) como; asistentes virtuales, análisis predictivo de datos o generadores de contenido visual, pueden potenciar o no, la promoción y comercialización de productos artesanales en los cantones de Salcedo y Pujilí de la provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Mediante recolección datos a través de encuestas, se encuestó a 20 representantes de asociaciones artesanales activas, en donde se determinó que, actualmente existe un uso escaso de estas herramientas basadas en IA debido a la falta de programas que capaciten el buen uso de IA, además el nivel de educación de los encuestados difícilmente termina o acuden a estudios universitarios provocando una falta de contexto en avances en tecnológicos pero existe un ambiente dispuesto en su mayoría a implementar nuevas metodologías para obtener mejores resultados. Hoy en día la optimización de tareas cotidianas gracias a la inteligencia artificial es una tendencia que cada día se desarrolla aún más, llevándonos a cuestionarnos si su implementación sería una necesidad o una posible opción a la que se podría llegar a beneficiar. Evaluando todos los aspectos concluimos que la implementación de IA a las asociaciones antes ya mencionadas, hoy en día no garantizaría buenos resultados, debido a la falta de bases como insuficientes programas que se encargue de capacitar a este sector de gran importancia y así crear el ambiente ideal para que se pueda lograr y aprovechar estas grandes ventajas que brinda las distintas herramientas de IA.
THÀNH PHẦN LOÀI THỰC VẬT BẬC CAO CÓ MẠCH TẠI MỘT SỐ BÃI ĐỔ THẢI KHAI THÁC KHOÁNG SẢN Ở MIỀN BẮC VIỆT NAM
Authors: Tuyến Phùng Thị , Kiều Dương , Phùng Khoa , Bùi Năng , Lê Vương 
Published: February 2025

Lựa chọn loài thực vật để trồng tại các bãi tập kết chất thải sau khai khoáng là một nhiệm vụ đầy thách thức vì các khu vực này thường có độ ẩm và hàm lượng dinh dưỡng thấp. Nhằm cung cấp cơ sở khoa học cho việc lựa chọn loài cây có thể sống được trên các bãi đổ thải khai thác khoáng sản tại khu vực miền Bắc Việt Nam, nghiên cứu này đã tiến hành điều tra thành phần các loài thực vật tại các bãi đổ thải sau khi khai thác kim loại nặng tại các tỉnh Cao Bằng, Bắc Kạn, Lào Cai, Sơn La và Yên Bái. Kết quả đã xác định được 275 loài thuộc 227 chi, 97 họ và 5 ngành thực vật tại 10 bãi đổ thải nghiên cứu. Số lượng loài thực vật của từng bãi thải dao động từ 58 – 135 loài thuộc 52 – 109 chi, 26 – 45 họ. Bãi đổ thải CB thiếc với diện tích 124,24 ha có số lượng loài lớn nhất (135 loài) và bãi đổ thải YB2 sắt và YB4 chì kẽm có số lượng loài ít nhất (58 loài). Tỷ trọng các loài, chi, họ tập trung chủ yếu vào ngành Ngọc lan (Magnoliophyta) với số lượng loài cao nhất, chiếm 94,55%. Phổ dạng sống của các loài thực vật tại khu vực nghiên cứu đã được xác định, trong đó dạng sống chiếm tỷ lệ lớn nhất là nhóm cây chồi trên, cây một năm. Căn cứ vào kết quả điều tra về thành phần loài thực vật, nghiên cứu đã đề xuất được 15 loài có khả năng thích nghi tốt trên các bãi thải nhằm cải tạo môi trường đất ban đầu tại các bãi thải bao gồm Hu đay (Trema orientalis (L.) Blume), Ba soi (Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Müll.Arg.), Dướng (Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.), Đa lá lệch (Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.), Bùm bụp lông (Mallotus barbatus Müll.Arg.), Đơn buốt (Bidens pilosa L.), Cỏ lào (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob.), Ké hoa đào (Urena lobata L.), Cỏ hôi (Ageratum conyzoides L.), Cỏ tím (Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob.), Cà trái vàng (Solanum viarum Dunal), Cỏ lá gừng (Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P.Beauv.), Ráng seo gà dài (Pteris grandifolia L.), Cà dại hoa trắng (Solanum torvum Sw.), Cỏ lá tre (Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P.Beauv.).
NGHIÊN CỨU XÁC ĐỊNH THÀNH PHẦN TINH DẦU THẢO QUẢ (Amomum aromaticum Roxb.) TẠI MỘT SỐ TỈNH MIỀN NÚI PHÍA BẮC
Authors: Phung Nhue Giang , Nguyễn  Thị Hiền Nguyễn Hiền , Phan Văn Thắng Phan Văn Thắng , Tạ Minh Quang Tạ Minh Quang , Đỗ Cao Cường Đỗ Cao Cường , Nguyễn Thị Huyền Nguyễn Thị Huyền 
Published: February 2025

Cây Thảo quả thuộc chi Amomum, họ Zingiberaceae được Roxb (1820) đặt tên là Amomum aromaticum Roxb. được trồng nhiều ở các tỉnh miền núi phía Bắc của Việt Nam. Thảo quả là một trong những loài được sử dụng nhiều trong ẩm thực, công nghệ thực phẩm, mỹ phẩm và cũng là loài cây dược liệu có giá trị và thương mại cao trên thị trường trong nước và quốc tế. Thảo quả ở Việt Nam có chứa từ 1,5 - 2% tinh dầu. Trong đó thành phần chính của tinh dầu là 1,8 cineol ≈ 30,61%, trans-2 undecanal ≈ 17,33%, citral B (geranial) ≈ 10,57%, terpineol ≈ 4,34%. Việc nghiên cứu thành phần tinh dầu Thảo quả được thực hiện từ phân tích 36 mẫu quả Thảo quả được thu hái từ 36 ô tiêu chuẩn tại các tỉnh Lào Cai, Yên Bái và Lai Châu. Bằng phương pháp chưng cất lôi cuốn hơi nước, nghiên cứu đã thu nhận được tinh dầu Thảo quả tại Lào Cai (08 mẫu), Yên Bái (07 mẫu), Lai Châu (21 mẫu) phục vụ phân tích xác định thành phần và hàm lượng các chất trong tinh dầu. Bằng phương pháp sắc ký khí ghép nối khối phổ (GC/MS) đã xác định được 30 thành phần có trong tinh dầu Thảo quả, trong đó các thành phần chính trong các mẫu tại các tỉnh: Lào Cai là cineol 1,8 (28,8%), decenal (14,73%) và geranial (14,52%); Yên Bái là cineol 1,8 (28,98%), decenal (14,88%) và geranial (14,05%); Lai Châu là cineol 1,8 (28,84%), decenal (14,45%) và geranial (14,27%).
The impact of geopolitical challenges on the development of the automotive market in the context of Industry 4.0
Authors: Chistyakov Ilya Aleksandrovich 
Published: February 2025

The subject of the study is the mechanisms of influence of geopolitical challenges on the automotive market in the context of Industry 4.0. The object of the study is the transformational processes in the global and Russian automotive industries under the influence of sanctions, supply chain disruptions and digitalization trends. Special emphasis is placed on the processes of regionalization of the global economy, which is the result of a rethinking of globalization by world powers and the realization that the current global political environment is too unstable, which in turn pushes countries to strengthen their own economies and economic ties with new international partners. The aim of the study is to identify the key factors influencing political instability and new technological solutions on the development of the automotive industry in the context of the transition from globalization to regionalization. Special attention is paid to the Russian automotive market, its current state and prospects. It is also noted how increasing the technological stability of an enterprise will make it less susceptible to political risks. The paper uses analytical methods, including comparative analysis, economic modeling, and a review of current scientific sources and statistical data. The scientific novelty lies in an integrated analysis of the impact of geopolitical challenges on the automotive market through the prism of Industry 4.0 technologies. The main results include conclusions on the need to develop Industry 4.0 technologies to strengthen the national automotive industry and achieve technological sovereignty, recommendations for creating sustainable regional economic platforms for technological exchange with friendly countries, conclusions on the importance of government support programs that They include tax incentives and subsidies to stimulate the domestic automotive industry and specifically high-tech solutions in it, as well as a strategy of cooperation with Chinese automakers with a focus on localization and technology exchange to increase the competitiveness of the Russian automotive industry. The presented results help to form a more sustainable model for the development of the automotive industry, able to withstand external challenges.
WOMEN, MARGINALITY AND THE ZULU STATE:
WOMEN'S INSTITUTIONS AND POWER IN THE
EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY
Authors: HANRETTA SEAN 
Published: July 2002

For a number of years the historiography of Southern Africa has
been
dominated by a materialist framework that has focused upon modes of
production and forms of socio-political organization as the determining

factors in historical change. Those historians concerned with the history
of
women in pre-colonial societies – even those who have privileged
gender
relations in their analyses – have largely been content to construct
women's
history by applying the insights of socio-economic and political analyses
of
the past to gender dynamics, and by projecting the insights of anthropological

analyses of present gender relations into the past. Some of these historians

have concluded that until the arrival of capitalism no substantial changes
in
the situations, power or status of women took place within Zulu society,
even
during the period of systemic transformation known as the mfecane
in the
early nineteenth century.More recently, Zulu gender history has become part of a larger debate

connected to the changing political and academic milieu in South Africa.

Representatives of a revived Africanist tradition have criticized materialist

historians for writing Zulu history from an outsider's perspective
and of
focusing overly on conflict and power imbalances within the nineteenth-century

kingdom in an effort to discredit contemporary Zulu nationalism. To
counter this, historian Simon Maphalala has stressed the harmony of
nineteenth-century Zulu society, the power advisors exercised in state

government, and the lack of internal conflict. Maphalala also claims that

women's subordinate role in society ‘did not cause any dissatisfaction
among
them’, and argues that ‘[women] accepted
their position and were contented’.
In recent constitutional debates many South African intellectuals
including members of the Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa

(CONTRALESA), invoked this ‘benign patriarchy’ model of pre-colonial

gender relations to oppose the adoption of gender-equality provisions in
the
new constitution. As Cherryl Walker has noted, the hegemonic definition
of
traditional gender relations to which such figures have made rhetorical

appeals often masks not only the historicity of these relations but also
hides
dissenting opinions (often demarcated along gender lines) as to what those

relations are and have been.
German noun inflection revisited
Authors: KILBURY JAMES 
Published: July 2002

Cahill & Gazdar (henceforth C&G) have presented their analysis of German
noun inflection in issue 35.1 (1999) of this journal. As they emphasize (on
page 4), the lexical knowledge representation language DATR they employ is
theoretically neutral and can serve to encode descriptions set in entirely
diverse theoretical frameworks, not just those that are theoretically close to
theirs. The formalism is just as amenable to ‘item and process’ and ‘word
and paradigm’ analyses as it is to the affixal ‘item and arrangement’
perspective. Moreover, distinct DATR theories (i.e., concrete descriptions)
may differ greatly in their input (queries) and output (returned values) while
they share a common structure reflecting the inheritance relations arising
from the described phenomena.In this paper I will present another analysis of German noun inflection,
encoded in the same formalism but based on the theory of MINIMALIST
MORPHOLOGY developed by Wunderlich and his associates (Wunderlich &
Fabri 1995, Wunderlich 1997a, 1999b). In his account German nouns are
mapped into tree-based representations of their inflectional paradigms,
whereas C&G map tuples of lexemes and inflectional categories (case and
number) into individual inflected word forms. The major linguistic gain of
my analysis is that the principal strength of Wunderlich's account, the formal
description of relations within paradigms, is combined with the formal
description of hierarchical relations BETWEEN paradigms, which is central for
C&G but given little attention by Wunderlich.
The macrozoobenthos of an important wintering area of the common scoter (Melanitta nigra)
Authors: Degraer Steven , Vincx Magdal , Meire Patrick , Offringa Henk 
Published: July 2002

In October 1994, 39 macrobenthic samples, divided between two areas, were taken on the western Belgian Coastal Banks. The two areas could not be clearly divided, concerning their macrobenthic communities. Multivariate techniques revealed five coherent communities, linked with typical sedimentological factors: (1) the Barnea candida community in a very compact muddy sediment (median 14 μm); (2) a second community characterized by the presence of spat of Mytilus edulis, with a medium sandy sediment (median 456 μm); (3) the Lanice conchilega community inhabiting a fine sandy sediment (median 211 μm); (4) the Nephtys cirrosa–Echinocardium cordatum community in a coarser fine sandy sediment (median 242 μm); and (5), closely related to the latter, the N. cirrosa community also occurring in a fine sandy sediment (median 224 μm). Only the L. conchilega community belongs to the diverse transition zone. The other four communities seem to be part of the heterogeneous, species-poor coastal zone associations. No open sea communities have been detected in the area.On the western Coastal Banks only the L. conchilega community, because of the high numbers of Abra alba, Tellina fabula, and Spisula subtruncata, can be interesting as feeding grounds for the common scoter (Melanitta nigra (Aves: Mergini)). Comparison of the spatial distribution of the wintering common scoters and the L. conchilega community revealed no direct similarity. The factors possibly causing this dissimilarity have been discussed.
Phonetic realisation of downstep in Bimoba
Authors: Snider Keith L. 
Published: July 2002

Few phonological phenomena have so captured the attention of theorists
and continued to baffle them as the phenomenon of tonal downstep.
Downstep is the lowering of the tonal register that sometimes occurs
between adjacent, otherwise identical tones. It is cumulative, and successive
occurrences of the phenomenon result in ever lower settings of the
tonal register. The present work reports on an instrumental study of
downstep in Bimoba, a Gur language spoken in the Northern Region of
Ghana. So far as I am aware, the present work is the only description in
existence of tone in Bimoba.Bimoba is a good candidate for a study of downstep, because it is a
‘three-tone’ language in which both Low tones (floating and
non-floating)
and Mid tones cause High tones to be downstepped. A number of
phonological studies (based on auditory impressions only) of three-tone
languages with downstep of High tone have claimed that the difference in
pitch between a High and a following Mid is equivalent to that between
a High and a following downstepped High. These include Supyire
(Carlson 1983), Babanki (Hyman 1979), Moba (Russell 1986) and Kagoro
(van de Kolk 1992). This issue is important to tone theorists because a
number of proposals on the theory of downstep formally equate a
downstepped High with one type of Mid tone. These include Clements
(1983), Hyman (1986, 1993), Inkelas (1987) and Snider (1990). On the
other hand, a number of other proposals account for downstep with
phonetic implementation rules. These include Pierrehumbert (1980),
Poser (1984), Beckman & Pierrehumbert (1986) and Pierrehumbert &
Beckman (1988). ‘If register shift is indeed a rule of phonetic implementation,
there is no reason, a priori, for the interval of register shift
to be equivalent to that found between two phonemic tones’ (Snider
1990:
470). So far as I am aware, no instrumental study has ever addressed this
issue. The present study therefore undertakes to help fill this lacuna,
and
concludes that in Bimoba a Mid tone is phonetically indistinguishable
from a downstepped High tone in comparable environments.
Structurally ferroelectric SrMgF4
Authors: Abrahams S. C. 
Published: July 2002

The crystal structure of 0.06% Ce-doped SrMgF4, strontium magnesium tetrafluoride, reported by Ishizawa et al. [(2001), Acta Cryst. C57, 784–786] is shown to satisfy the structural criteria for ferroelectricity and to have a predicted Curie temperature T

c
≃ l450 K. The estimated spontaneous polarization P

s
≃ 11 × 10−2 C m−2 is consistent with classification as a two-dimensional ferroelectric in which minor Δx and major Δy, Δz atomic coordinate component displacements are required for ferroelectric switching.
Mass Spectrometry of Background Gases in Glow-Discharge Sputtering of Tantalum Thin Films
Authors: Sosniak J. 
Published: July 2002

The composition of the ambient atmosphere during the sputtering of tantalum films in argon glow discharges has been studied by means of a mass spectrometer adapted both for residual analysis of vacua between 10−9−10−5 Torr, and process monitoring at pressures of (10−50)×10−5 Torr. The partial pressures of a number of residuals were found to increase immediately upon initiation of the discharge in both an oil diffusion and a turbomolecular pump system. The total background gas levels during the discharge were in the 1×10−5−5×10−4 Torr range, with the major component being hydrogen, and smaller contributions from water vapor and methane. The pressure increase of these species resulted from ion bombardment decomposition of adsorbed surface layers, and exhibited two maxima. The first is attributed to desorption from the electrodes, and the second to desorption from the bell jar wall.
The spectrometer was used for detailed studies of the gettering of deliberate additions of N2, CH4 and H2 during sputtering in argon. Considerable differences were found in the effect of the glow discharge on those gases, with the gettering of CH4 and H2 exhibiting a complex time dependence. Tantalum films sputtered without deliberate gas additions, were found to be of the beta-tantalum form even when the discharge-generated background was reduced to ∼1×10−6 Torr by long presputtering.
Abstract: (D, T) neutron radioactive sputtering yields
Authors: Thomas M. T. , Harling O. K. , Brodzinski R. L. , Rancitelli L. A. 
Published: July 2002

(D, T) neutrons have sufficient kinetic energy for various nuclear reactions such as (n,α), (n,p), and (n,2n) to occur. A series of experiments have been performed using a 14.8 MeV (d, t) neutron source in which the radioactive daughters ejected from the near surface region of the target material have been collected and measured. The geometry of the experimental arrangement was such that radioactive daughters ejected in the forward direction (neutron current direction) and backward direction were collected. For example, the forward radioactive sputtering ratio for 92mNb produced by the 93Nb(n,2n) reaction from cold-worked niobium foil is (1.06±0.06) 10−7 radioactive atoms/neutron, and the backward sputtering ratio for 92mNb is (7.58±1.09)10−10 atoms/neutron. For annealed gold the forward sputtering ratio for 196Au produced by the 197Au(n, 2n) reaction is (1.05±0.06)10−7 atoms/neutron, and the backward sputtering ratio for 196Au is (2.83±0.09)10−9 atoms/neutron. These sputtering ratios are the slopes of measured yields versus measured fluence curves and are obtained by a linear least-squares fit to the data. The quoted errors are the standard deviations calculated by the linear regression routine. Figure 1 is a bar graph summary of the forward radioactive sputtering ratios obtained for a large variety of metals and also for 316 stainless steel. The graph includes the reaction producing the radioactive recoil and the half-life of the radioactive daughter. It can be seen that the sputtering ratio for all of the materials studied range from the mid-10−8 to mid-10−7 atoms/neutron range. We have not observed any statistical differences in the radioactive sputtering ratios between annealed and cold worked niobium or between annealed and cold worked 316 stainless steel.
In addition, it is possible to determine an effective emission range of the radioactive recoil. Since the metal targets used in the experiments are thicker than heavy-ion ranges in metals, an effective emission range can be defined simply as the product of the ratio of the number of radioactive recoil atoms on the collector to the number of recoil atoms in the target and the thickness of the foil. As an example, the forward effective range of the 92mNb recoil ion in niobium is 410 Å, while the backward effective range is only about 3 Å. For such small ranges, elemental surface and near surface composition such as oxide and carbide layers may produce errors in the results because of uncertainties in the parent atom density. Complete details of this experiment and data analysis are being submitted to Physical Review or the Journal of Applied Physics.
Capacitive hysteresis effects in 5.0 nm single and double barrier AlAs/GaAs tunneling structures grown by molecular-beam epitaxy
Authors: Campbell A. C. , Kesan V. P. , Crook G. E. , Maziar C. M. , Neikirk D. P. , Streetman B. G. 
Published: July 2002

Single and double 50 Å AlAs barrier structures with n+ electrode regions and 50 Å GaAs ‘‘spacer’’ layers are examined using impedance-phase measurements, deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), and pulsed I–V measurements. Resonant tunneling curves with a peak-to-valley ratio of 2:1 at 300 K are obtained from the double barrier devices. Under thermal stress of temperatures &gt;390 K or large terminal voltage conditions, an abrupt transition from a low impedance, resistive state to a high impedance, capacitively reactive state is observed. The high impedance, reactive state is dynamically observed in all the device structures examined. In many cases, the high impedance state is persistent for extensive periods of time. Repeatable switching between the high and low persistent impedance states can be accomplished by the application of large (1–4 V) terminal voltages. However, both persistent states are stable under small applied biases for long durations. Impedance-phase measurements have been performed on both the low impedance and the persistent high impedance state as a function of frequency for bias levels from −2.0 to 2.0 V. The low impedance state shows a much greater frequency dependence of the resistive and reactive components than the persistent high impedance state. Pulsed I–V measurements of Schottky barrier contacted devices reveal two characteristic I–V curves which are followed qualitatively for all the devices examined. The first is a series resistance limited diode with a turn-on voltage above 1.5 V. The second characteristic, followed after the abrupt switching, is that of a diode-like exponential current dependence on the applied voltage. Single and double barrier devices with Ohmic contacts displayed similar switching behavior at large biases. The persistent nature of the low and high impedance states observed are consistent with the formation and destruction of an inversion layer at the AlAs/GaAs interface. Silicon autodoping of the AlAs barrier regions may also give rise to DX-like hot electron trapping, similar to
that observed in low mole fraction Al1−xGaxAs [T. N. Theis, B. D. Parker, P. M. Solomon, and S. L. Wright, Appl. Phys. Lett. 49, 1542 (1986)]. The possibility of a filamentary conduction process is also discussed.