bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Skewed Truncated Cauchy Uniform Distribution and Its Moments
Authors: Ashani Zahra Nazemi , Bakar Mohd Rizam Abu , Ibrahim Noor Akma , Adam. Mohd Bakri 
Published: August 2016

<p>Although usually normal distribution is considered for statistical analysis, however in many practical situations, distribution of data is asymmetric and using the normal distribution is not appropriate for modeling the data. Base on this fact, skew symmetric distributions have been introduced. In this article, between skew distributions, we consider the skew Cauchy symmetric distributions because this family of distributions doesn't have finite moments of all orders. We focus on skew Cauchy uniform distribution and generate the skew probability distribution function of the form , where is truncated Cauchy distribution and is the distribution function of uniform distribution. The finite moments of all orders and distribution function for this new density function are provided. At the end, we illustrate this model using exchange rate data and show, according to the maximum likelihood method, this model is a better model than skew Cauchy distribution. Also the range of skewness and kurtosis for and the graphical illustrations are provided.</p>
A Comparative Study of the Efficiency and the Effectiveness of Primary Education Management between the Provincial Administrative Organisation and the Office of the Basic Education Commission: A Service User Satisfaction Survey
Authors: Jermsittiparsert Kittisak , Sriyakul Thanaporn , Pamornmast Chayongkan , Rodboonsong Sudarat , Boonprong Wanwichit , Sangperm Nuanluk , Pakvichai Vanisa , Vipaporn Tanapon , Maneechote Kulnalee 
Published: August 2016

This research aims to (i) examine the effectiveness and the efficiency of primary education management with regards to the service user satisfaction within 29 primary schools in Thailand, subject under provincial administrative organization (PAO), and their counterparts, which are under the authority of the Office of the Basic Education Commission (OBEC), (ii) to conduct a comparative study concerning the effectiveness and the efficiency generated from the selected schools by specifically handpicking, from each province, one school from the PAO and two from the OBEC, amounting to the total number of 3 schools representing each province. The selected samples can be categorized into those containing similar numbers of students and the ones with certain amounts of operating unit cost (OUC), which are essentially contributing to the sum of 87 schools. The data collection was carried out by drawing samples from the students, the parents, and the members of the concerned communities. Each group comprised 812 subjects, leading to the total number of 2,436 study subjects. The gathered data is analysed using average mean and t-test. The findings indicate that the level of user satisfaction, in general, towards the primary education management of the PAO schools, which is marked as x= 4.34, is lower than those listed under the supervision of the OBEC. Such result is consistent for either cases where the sample schools contain similar students numbers ( x= 4.41) or the case where the amount of OUC is relatively equal ( x= 4.41). Upon considering and assessing each group, it was found that while the user satisfaction level, as produced from the students and the community members, did not have significant differences, on the other hand, the level of satisfaction that was generated by the parents reveals that the parents’ perception towards primary education management under the PAO authority ( x= 4.36) was placed lower than those of OBEC, which was also applicable to both cases where similar number of students were present ( x= 4.49) and where the OUC was somewhat equivalent ( x= 4.48).
“The Bearers of Unholy Potential”: Confessing Church Sermons on the Jews and Judaism
Authors: Skiles William 
Published: August 2016

This article examines the nature and frequency of comments about Jews and Judaism in sermons delivered by Confessing Church pastors in the Nazi dictatorship. The approach of most historians has focused on the history of antisemitism in the German Protestant tradition—in the works, pronouncements, and policies of the German churches and its leading figures. Yet historians have left unexamined the most elemental task of the pastor—that is, preaching from the pulpit to the German people. What would the average German congregant have heard from his pastor about the Jews and Judaism on any given Sunday? I searched German archives, libraries, and used book stores, and analyzed 910 sermon manuscripts that were produced and disseminated in the Nazi regime. I argue that these sermons provide mixed messages about Jews and Judaism. While on the one hand, the sermons express admiration for Judaism as a foundation for Christianity, an insistence on the usage of the Hebrew Bible in the German churches, and the conviction that the Jews are spiritual cousins of Christians. On the other hand, the sermons express religious prejudice in the form of anti-Judaic tropes that corroborated the Nazi ideology that portrayed Jews and Judaism as inferior: for instance, that Judaism is an antiquated religion of works rather than grace; that the Jews killed Christ and have been punished throughout history as a consequence. Furthermore, I demonstrate that Confessing Church pastors commonly expressed anti-Judaic statements in the process of criticizing the Nazi regime, its leadership, and its policies.
Theoretical and experimental studies of formation and migration of oxygen vacancies in BaMxTi1−
xO3 (M = Zr, Ge)
Authors: Umeda Yuji , Aman Sanshiro , Kuwabara Akihide , Moriwake Hiroki 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The formation and migration energies of oxygen vacancies in pure BaTiO3, and BaM
x
Ti1−

x
O3 (M = Zr, Ge) are calculated by first-principles calculations to understand the effect of doping on the reliability of multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). The formation and migration energies of oxygen vacancies are found to be larger in BaZr
x
Ti1−

x
O3 than in BaTiO3. This finding could be one of the possible reasons behind the improved reliability of Zr-doped MLCCs materials. On the other hand, by substituting Ge, the migration energy of BaGe
x
Ti1−

x
O3 becomes larger than that of BaTiO3. This is despite the smaller oxygen vacancy formation energy in BaGe
x
Ti1−

x
O3 than in BaTiO3. Even though Zr and Ge are tetravalent in BaM
x
Ti1−

x
O3, their valence states are different after the formation of oxygen vacancies, providing an explanation for the differences in vacancy formation and migration energies between BaZr
x
Ti1−

x
O3 and BaGe
x
Ti1−

x
O3. Our theoretical results are further confirmed by experiments on these model systems.
Time-resolved crystal structure analysis of resonantly vibrating langasite oscillator
Authors: Aoyagi Shinobu , Osawa Hitoshi , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Takeda Shoichi , Moriyoshi Chikako , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The momentary crystal structure of a Y-cut langasite oscillator resonantly vibrating under an alternating electric field is revealed by time-resolved crystal structure analysis to understand the microscopic mechanism of piezoelectricity. The thickness-shear lattice strain under an electric field is amplified ∼103 times by the resonant effect. The lattice vibration involves the deformation of GaO4 and Ga0.5Si0.5O4 tetrahedra accompanied by atomic displacements of specific oxygen atoms along the electric field. The deformation of GaO4 and Ga0.5Si0.5O4 tetrahedra enhances the piezoelectricity of langasite.
Two-dimensional MoTe2 materials: From synthesis, identification, and charge transport to electronics applications
Authors: Chang Yuan-Ming , Lin Che-Yi , Lin Yen-Fu , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We present a review of recent developments in the synthesis, thickness identification, electronic properties, and possible applications of layered MoTe2 flakes. Special emphasis is made on two-dimensional (2D) MoTe2 semiconductors and the extensive research in recent years on their applications in electronics. Layered MoTe2 flakes have been the focus of substantial interest in the research community because of their fascinating characteristics, including an appropriate band gap and a simple fabrication method (exfoliation) to form layered nanomaterials. Our aim is to provide the readers an overview of layered MoTe2 flakes and to understand their properties, which may lead to their applications in micro- and nanoelectronics.
En lærende praksistrekant
Authors: Skotheim Torhild , Johannessen Baard , Kaldahl Anne-Grete 
Published: August 2016

Background: The Norwegian framework for teacher education serves to both provide a pathway for professional qualification and lay a foundation for educators to meet present and future challenges. Complementing work with teacher educators in the university classroom, a key focus of the framework is pre-service teaching practice, which aims to increase student teachers' knowledge, skills, and competencies via a triangular partnership among student teachers and teacher educators both in pre-service teaching practice and on campus. The aim of the study was to interview student teachers to investigate how their pre-service teaching practice can be better organized to meet these goals. Methods: Our data is based on six semistructured interviews and one focus group with six student teachers situated at the Oslo and Akershus University College and analyzed using inductive content analysis. The study was approved at the Norwegian Data Directorate. Results: The analysis revealed five categories that influence student teachers` pedagogical insight through pre-service teaching practice. These five categories were: Reflection plenaries on regular basis, the understanding of the relationship between theory and practice, teacher educators as mentors, and different competence and asymmetry in the mentoring process. Conclusions: To optimize pedagogical insight through pre-service teaching practice, our results emphasize the need to ensure quality throughout pre-service teacher training and clear guidelines for teacher educators. In particular, our sample of student teachers sought greater supervision and focus from teacher educators on the relationship between theory and practice, via use of reflection plenaries, and found most helpful pedagogical context that emphasized equal partnership with their teacher educators.
Genome sequencing-assisted identification and the first functional validation ofN-acyl-homoserine-lactone synthases from the Sphingomonadaceae family
Authors: Gan Han Ming , Dailey Lucas K. , Halliday Nigel , Williams Paul , Hudson André O. , Savka Michael A. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundMembers of the genusNovosphingobiumhave been isolated from a variety of environmental niches. Although genomics analyses have suggested the presence of genes associated with quorum sensing signal production e.g., theN-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) synthase (luxI) homologs in variousNovosphingobiumspecies, to date, noluxIhomologs have been experimentally validated.MethodsIn this study, we report the draft genome of theN-(AHL)-producing bacteriumNovosphingobium subterraneumDSM 12447 and validate the functions of predictedluxIhomologs from the bacterium through inducible heterologous expression inAgrobacterium tumefaciensstrain NTL4. We developed a two-dimensional thin layer chromatography bioassay and used LC-ESI MS/MS analyses to separate, detect and identify the AHL signals produced by theN. subterraneumDSM 12447 strain.ResultsThree predicted luxI homologs were annotated to the locus tags NJ75_2841 (NovINsub1), NJ75_2498 (NovINsub2), and NJ75_4146 (NovINsub3). Inducible heterologous expression of eachluxIhomologs followed by LC-ESI MS/MS and two-dimensional reverse phase thin layer chromatography bioassays followed by bioluminescent ccd camera imaging indicate that the three LuxI homologs are able to produce a variety of medium-length AHL compounds. New insights into the LuxI phylogeny was also gleemed as inferred by Bayesian inference.DiscussionThis study significantly adds to our current understanding of quorum sensing in the genusNovosphingobiumand provide the framework for future characterization of the phylogenetically interesting LuxI homologs from members of the genusNovosphingobiumand more generally the family Sphingomonadaceae.
Epidemiology ofSalmonellasp. in California cull dairy cattle: prevalence of fecal shedding and diagnostic accuracy of pooled enriched broth culture of fecal samples
Authors: Abu Aboud Omran A. , Adaska John M. , Williams Deniece R. , Rossitto Paul V. , Champagne John D. , Lehenbauer Terry W. , Atwill Robert , Li Xunde , Aly Sharif S. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the crude, seasonal and cull-reason stratified prevalence ofSalmonellafecal shedding in cull dairy cattle on seven California dairies. A secondary objective was to estimate and compare the relative sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for pools of 5 and 10 enriched broth cultures of fecal samples forSalmonellasp. detection.MethodsSeven dairy farms located in the San Joaquin Valley of California were identified and enrolled in the study as a convenience sample. Cull cows were identified for fecal sampling once during each season between 2014 and 2015, specifically during spring, summer, fall, and winter, and 10 cows were randomly selected for fecal sampling at the day of their sale. In addition, study personnel completed a survey based on responses of the herd manager to questions related to the previous four month’s herd management. Fecal samples were frozen until testing forSalmonella. After overnight enrichment in liquid broth, pools of enrichment broth (EBP) were created for 5 and 10 samples. All individual and pooled broths were cultured on selective media with putativeSalmonellacolonies confirmed by biochemical testing before being serogrouped and serotyped.ResultsA total of 249 cull cows were enrolled into the study and their fecal samples tested forSalmonella. The survey-weighted period prevalence of fecal shedding of allSalmonellasp. in the cull cow samples across all study herds and the entire study period was 3.42% (N = 249; SE 1.07). The within herd prevalence ofSalmonellashed in feces did not differ over the four study seasons (P = 0.074). The Se of culture of EBP of five samples was 62.5% (SE = 17.12), which was not statistically different from the Se of culture of EBP of 10 (37.5%, SE = 17.12, P = 0.48). The Sp of culture of EBP of five samples was 95.24% (SE = 3.29) and for pools of 10 samples was 100.00% (SE = 0). There was no statistical difference between the culture relative specificities of EBP of 5 and 10 (P > 0.99).DiscussionOur study showed a numerically higher prevalence ofSalmonellashedding in the summer, although the results were not significant, most likely due to a lack of power from the small sample size. A higher prevalence in summer months may be related to heat stress. To detectSalmonella, investigators may expect a 62.5% sensitivity for culture of EBP of five, relative to individual fecal sample enrichment and culture. In contrast, culture of EBP of 10 samples resulted in a numerically lower Se. Culture of EBP of size 5 or 10 samples, given similar prevalence and limit of detection, can be expected to yield specificities of 95 and 100%, respectively.
The process for designing and constructing the Komazawa Park Gymnasium and Central Plaza
Authors: Toyokawa Saikaku 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn his book Gaibu kūkan no kōsei (Exterior Space in Architecture), Yoshinobu Ashihara criticized modern architecture and urban planning and searched for ways to realize plazas suitable for humans. This study analyzes how Ashihara designed the Komazawa Park Gymnasium, a wrestling venue for the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, and the Central Plaza. It focuses on the distinctive hyperbolic paraboloid shells of Komazawa Park Gymnasium. Concurrently, this study evaluates Ashihara's uniqueness as an architect while comparing the Komazawa Central Plaza with Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, designed by Kenzo Tange.
Hydrolytic‐Resistance Long‐Persistent Luminescence SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ Ceramics for Optical Information Storage
Authors: Zhang Xuedong , Liu Yongfu , Hu Pan , Zhang Yikun , Zi Yingzhu , Zhang Yueteng , Yang Zhengwen , Jiang Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ (SAED) is one of the most popular materials for information storage and night display applications because it has a wide excitation range and long afterglow duration. However improving the hydrolytic resistance of SAED remains a challenge. In this study, the SAED is presented to be the ceramic type by a solid‐state reaction in a vacuum ambiance. The achieved SAED ceramic has 8200 mcd m−2 initial luminescence intensity. It can also obtain long‐persistent luminescence after UV light irradiation even soaking in water for more than 30 days. This ceramic demonstrates sustained imaging capability irradiated under 365 nm UV light and X‐ray, as well as erasability and reproducibility of storage by lighting and heating. These results indicate the promising applications of SAED ceramics in optical information storage and night display in complex environments. The phase evolution in the SAED ceramic is identified directly in the micromorphology for the first time based on scanning electron microscopy coupled with a cathodoluminescence system.
1D Textile Yarn Battery with MoS2@Si Anode and NCM Cathode
Authors: Marriam Ifra , Tebyetekerwa Mike , Memon Hifza Aamna , Chathuranga Hiran , Yang Jindi , Sun Kaige , Chu Dewei , Yan Cheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWearable electronics are surging for various applications ranging from critical functions like personal health monitoring to communication and entertainment. To power these electronic devices, advanced high‐performing textile‐based batteries are reckoned. In this work, a 1D textile yarn battery is designed using silicon (Si) nanoparticles wrapped in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as an anode and layered Ni‐rich material Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 (NCM) as a cathode. The anode materials design is selected to ensure the use of Si due to its high specific capacity but suppressing its known issue of volume expansion by layered MoS2 nanosheets and, at the same time, MoS2 providing channels for lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) transport during electrochemical cycles. The NCM cathode, on the other hand, is adopted as it has higher energy density and improved cycle life. The full yarn battery (FYB) delivered an excellent electrochemical performance (areal capacity of 3.13 mAh cm−2, power density of 421 mW cm−3, and energy density of 78.9 mWh cm−3) with a capacity retention of 86% at 0.1 C and coulombic efficiency of 91.3%. This work pointed out a new way to design and fabricate textile‐based batteries with high‐performance materials using simple, cost‐effective, and scalable approaches targeting to be used as energy sources for future wearable electronics.
Machine Learning Enables Reliable Colorimetric Detection of pH and Glucose in Wearable Sweat Sensors
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Menon Sidharth S. , Li Xinqi , Zhang Miqin , Malakooti Mohammad H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn healthcare, blood pH and glucose levels are critical indicators, especially for chronic conditions like diabetes. Although taking blood samples is accurate, it is invasive and unaffordable for many. Wearable sensors offer non‐invasive and continuous detection methods, yet face major challenges, such as high cost, inaccuracies, and complex interpretation. Colorimetric wearable sensors integrated with machine learning (ML) are introduced for accurately detecting pH values and glucose concentrations in sweat. These battery‐free and cost‐effective biosensors, made of cotton textiles, are designed to work seamlessly with smartphones for data collection and automated analysis. A new pH indicator is synthesized with enhanced sensitivity and two types of glucose sensors are developed by depositing enzymatic solutions onto cotton substrates. The sensors' performance is assessed using standard solutions with known pH levels ranging from 4 to 10 and glucose concentrations between 0.03 to 1 mm. The photos captured from these sensors are then analyzed by image processing and three different ML algorithms, achieving an accuracy of 90% in pH and glucose detection. These findings provide effective synthesis methods for textile‐based sweat sensors and demonstrate the significance of employing different ML algorithms for their colorimetric analysis, thus eliminating the need for human intervention in the process.
Assessing the Stability and Photocatalytic Efficiency of a Biodegradable PLA‐TiO2 Membrane for Air Purification
Authors: Mortazavi Milani Hadis , Van Neste Brent , Cosaert Ewoud , Poelman Dirk 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe potential of a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA)‐TiO2 membrane for air purification is investigated, utilizing the environmentally friendly solvent Cyrene. Through the integration of TiO2 nanoparticles within a PLA matrix, the membrane is used to degrade ethanol as a model volatile organic compound (VOC) under UV light. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray Analysis (EDX), and UV–vis spectrophotometry confirm the porous structure of the membrane, the even distribution of TiO2, and its effective band gap of 3.06 eV, respectively. Ethanol adsorption is best described by the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer coverage on a homogeneous surface. Photocatalytic tests demonstrate that the membrane decomposes ethanol (6800 ppm) within 14 min under UV light, generating acetaldehyde, acetic acid, formaldehyde, and formic acid as intermediates, and ultimately producing CO2 and water. Reusability tests indicate a decrease in decomposition time over successive cycles due to increased TiO2 exposure from the gradual degradation of PLA. However, this degradation poses challenges for continuous use, compromising the membrane's long‐term durability.
Heat‐Excitation‐Based Triboelectric Charge Promotion Strategy
Authors: Xia Xin , Zi Yunlong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe surface charge decay is observed at high temperatures due to thermionic emission, which, however, may not be the only mechanism contributing to the surface charge variation. Here, a triboelectric charge promotion strategy due to the heat‐excitation effect of hot electrons near the fermi level is demonstrated, while the final charge is determined by the balance between thermionic emission and the heat‐excitation effect. It is demonstrated that metals with lower work function exhibit a better heat excitation capability, and polymers with lower fluorine content in molecule chains further boost the charge output, where metal/Kapton pairs demonstrated a charge promotion of over 2 times at the temperature of 383 K with good durability during 90 min measurement. The heat‐excitation effect and charge durability in sliding freestanding‐triboelectric‐layer (SFT) mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is demonstrated as well, where the energy is promoted by over 3 times and the capacitor charging speed is doubled as well, with an energy promotion from 109.34 to 373 µJ per cycle to successfully trigger a discharger. This work suggests a promising future of the heat‐excitation effect as a new charge promotion strategy for TENG toward different applications in high‐temperature environments.