bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memory Lost and Regained Following Bilateral Hippocampal Damage
Authors: Henke Katharina , Kroll Neal E. A. , Behniea Hamraz , Amaral David G. , Miller Michael B. , Rafal Robert , Gazzaniga Michael S. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
We present a longitudinal neuropsychological study (31 examinations over a period of 18 months) of patient DF. DF demonstrated bilateral atrophy of the hippocampal formation and globus pallidus resulting from carbon monoxide poisoning. Eighteen months after the event, the volume of the hippocampal formation was reduced by 42% on the left side and 28% on the right. The patient initially presented with a severe global amnesia. Then, he showed a gradual, yet selective recovery of episodic memory function. Verbal free recall and spatial memory performance remained reduced, whereas immediate word recall and recognition memory, as well as picture learning and memory, improved to levels at the lower range of normal performance. Interestingly, nonspatial associative learning was never much impaired and recovered completely by the end of testing. These data are taken as evidence that the human hippocampal formation does not equally support different forms of episodic memory.
Frontal Brain Activity during Episodic and Semantic Retrieval: Insights from Event-Related Potentials
Authors: Ranganath Charan , Paller Ken A. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Previous neuropsychological and neuroimaging results have implicated the prefrontal cortex in memory retrieval, although its precise role is unclear. In the present study, we examined patterns of brain electrical activity during retrieval of episodic and semantic memories. In the episodic retrieval task, participants retrieved autobiographical memories in response to event cues. In the semantic retrieval task, participants generated exemplars in response to category cues. Novel sounds presented intermittently during memory retrieval elicited a series of brain potentials including one identifiable as the P3a potential. Based on prior research linking P3a with novelty detection and with the frontal lobes, we predicted that P3a would be reduced to the extent that novelty detection and memory retrieval interfere with each other. Results during episodic and semantic retrieval tasks were compared to results during a task in which subjects attended to the auditory stimuli. P3a amplitudes were reduced during episodic retrieval, particularly at right lateral frontal scalp locations. A similar but less lateralized pattern of frontal P3a reduction was observed during semantic retrieval. These findings support the notion that the right prefrontal cortex is engaged in the service of memory retrieval, particularly for episodic memories.
Multiring Fiducial Systems for Scalable Fiducial-Tracking Augmented Reality
Authors: Cho Youngkwan , Neumann Ulrich 
Published: July 2002

In augmented reality (AR), a user can see a virtual world as well as the real world. To avoid registration problems between the virtual world and the real world, the user's viewing pose in both worlds should be kept the same. Fiducial-tracking AR is an attractive approach to the registration problem. However, most of the developed fiducialtracking AR systems have restricted workspaces. To provide a wide range of workspaces (from a small-scale desktop space to a large-scale space) and a wide range of views (from far views to detailed views), an AR system should have scalability. In this paper, we present multiring color fiducial systems and a real-time fiducial detection method for scalable fiducial-tracking AR. We analyze the optimal ring width and develop formulas to obtain the optimal fiducial set with applicationspecific inputs. We develop a real-time ring-detection method that converts the five-DOF ellipse-detection problem to a series of simple steps with a 1-D segmentfilter and multithreshold segmentation. The results lead to a simple and inexpensive means of achieving scalable-area tracking for AR and an approach that is suitable as an optical tracking method for VR as well.
DEUTERONOMISTIC ROYAL IDEOLOGY IN JUDGES 17–21
Authors: Mayes Andrew 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe article contrasts two approaches to Judges 17–21, a historical-critical approach which studies the text as ideology, and a literary approach which treats the text within the framework of the Deuteronomistic History. The literary study is given further refinement in the light of some recent literary theory, which distinguishes between different viewpoints expressed in a text, particularly those of the implied author and the narrator. Judges 17–21 is found to express different views of the monarchy which may be characterizd as those of the narrator and of the implied author. When these chapters are studied also by a historicalcritical approach it is clear that there is a conformity with the literary approach in that the sources of the Deuteronomistic History express the view of the narrator while the Deuteronomistic Historian's perspective is that of the implied author.
Schools Of Law And Historical Context: Re-Examining The Formation Of The Hanbalī Madhhab
Authors: Hurvitz Nimrod 
Published: July 2002

AbstractScholarly investigations of the formative stages of the madhāhib (schools of law) have generated several interpretations but few substantive studies. One of the underlying assumptions of madhhab scholarship is that personal schools grew out of regional schools. In this essay, I (1) challenge the notion of regional schools, suggesting that greater attention should be paid to circles of masters and their disciples; (2) survey the scholarship that has dealt with the formation of Hanbalism, with special attention to Ibn Hanbal and his followers; and (3) examine how the Hanbalī moral outlook contributed to the growth of the Hanbalī circle and discuss the influence of this moral outlook on the internal dynamics of the circle.
DEVOIRS FISCAUX ET DROITS FONCIERS : LA CONDITION DES FELLAHS ÉGYPTIENS (13e-16e SIÈCLES)
Authors: Michel Nicolas 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper sets out to reconsider the issue of the Egyptian fallāhs' conditions, by collecting the occurrences of the word fallāh in the administrative writings of the 12th-15th centuries and then rereading them in relation to two documents dating from the beginning of the Ottoman era: the Kānūnnāme-i Mısır (1525) and a partial copy of the 933/1527-1528 cadaster. Al-Maqrīzī asserted that the fallāhs' status had appeared at the beginning of the Ayyubid era, probably with the term itself of fallāh when the iqtā' was instituted in the rural areas; this study confirms his assertion. During the period under study, the word fallāh, used in its administrative meaning, signified the land-tax payer. Each year, the overall village tax was apportioned out between a few individuals who had been chosen according to their ability of relatively large tracts of arable lands. This paper examines three questions: were fallāhūn actually serfs who were bound to the glebe? Did they farm lands on behalf of state? Or did they exploit their own lands and enjoy the status of landowners? By studying the charges and duties weighing on the fallāhūn group, one is led to picture a more complex view of Egyptian rural society as well as of the policies implemented by the state in to ensure its fiscal income through the maintenance of effective land cultivation. Cet article se propose de reprendre la question de la condition des fellahs, en relevant les occurrences du terme fallāh dans la littérature administrative des 12e-15e siècles, et en les relisant à la lumière de deux documents du début de l'époque ottomane: le Kānūnnāme-i Mısır de 1525 et une copie partielle du cadastre de 933/1527-1528. L'étude confirme l'assertion d'al-Maqrīzī selon laquelle la condition du fallāh, et sans doute le terme même, apparurent au début de l'époque ayyoubide, avec l'instauration de l'iqtā' dans les campagnes. Dans son sens administratif, durant la période considérée le fallāh était le contribuable acquittant l'impôt foncier. La charge fiscale globale du village était répartie chaque année entre un petit nombre de personnes, choisies en fonction de leur capacité à mettre en valeur et à exploiter les terres arables, sur des superficies assez importantes. L'article examine trois questions: les fallāhūn étaient-ils des serfs attachés à la glèbe? cultivaient-ils des terres pour le compte de l'État? ou exploitaient-ils leurs propres terres, dont ils auraient été propriétaires? L'étude des charges et obligations pesant sur le groupe des fallāhūn conduit à un tableau plus complexe de la société rurale, comme des politiques mises en oeuvre par l'État pour assurer ses rentrées fiscales à travers le maintien de la mise en culture des terres.
IS THE RABSHAKEH ALSO AMONG THE PROPHETS? A RHETORICAL STUDY OF 2 KINGS XVIII 17-35
Authors: Rudman Dominic 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTraditionally, discussion of the account of the siege of Jerusalem in 2 Kgs. xviii 13-xix 37 has focussed on historical or source-critical questions. This article approaches the account from a literary perspective, focussing in particular on the rhetorical content of Rabshakeh's speech to the defenders of Jerusalem in 2 Kgs. xviii 19-35 (//Isa. xxxvi 4-20). The Rabshakeh couches his mixture of threats, admonitions and promises in "prophetic" language, aiming thereby to make the Jerusalemites abandon their covenant with Yahweh to form a new one with Sennacherib. Thus, the narrator of the siege account depicts a confrontation between the Assyrian king as false god and Yahweh as true God, mediated by their respective "prophets", the Rabshakeh and Isaiah. Caught in the middle of these duelling antagonists is Hezekiah, whose choice will determine whether the remnant of Judah will remain Yahweh's people, or follow Israel into oblivion.
Behavioural responses by hatchling racers (Coluber constrictor) from two geographically distinct populations to chemical stimuli from potential prey and predators
Authors: Burghardt Gordon , Cooper William , Brown William 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn experiments on responses to chemical food stimuli by previously unfed hatchlings from widely separated populations of the colubrid snake Coluber constrictor in the United States, strong responses were elicited by items important in the local diet. These differed between populations, suggesting that response has been adjusted to local diet by natural selection. Coluber constrictor priapus from South Carolina tongue-flicked at elevated rates to cues from lizards, snakes, and frogs, and bit only in response to a preferred lizard prey. They responded more strongly to the sympatric lizard Anolis carolinensis than to A. sagrei, an allopatric congener. Strong response to cues from the ophidiophagous snake Lampropeltis triangulum might reflect motivation for predator avoidance or for feeding, depending on relative snake sizes. Coluber constrictor mormon, for which insects and mammals are the most important foods, responded most strongly to stimuli from sympatric insects, mammals, and a lizard, as well as a bird.
MASKING BEHAVIOUR IN A COMMENSAL SHRIMP, METAPONTONIA FUNGIACOLA BRUCE, 1967 THAT USES THE SOFT TISSUES OF THE HOST CORAL (DECAPODA, PALAEMONIDAE, PONTONIINAE)
Authors: Yamashiro Hideyuki 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMasking behaviour was observed in a commensal pontoniine shrimp, Metapontonia fungiacola, living on the discs of fungiid corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae). When the coral was disturbed, the shrimp moved to and situated itself between the coral septa, and then performed masking behaviour. The shrimp thus hid itself under host tissues by "hooking" soft tissues of the coral with the dactyli of three pairs of pereiopods (i.e., the third to the fifth) in such a way, that these approached each other on the shrimp's back, like drawing curtains. Le comportement de camouflage a ete observe chez la crevette commensale Pontoniinae, Metapontonia fungiacola, vivant sur les disques de coraux Fungiidae (Scleractinia). Quand ces derniers sont inquietes, la crevette vient se placer entre les cloisons coralliaires et developpe alors son comportement de camouflage. La crevette se cache sous les tissus mous de l'hote en s'y accrochant a l'aide des dactyles de trois paires de pereiopodes (troisieme a cinquieme paire) de telle facon que lorsqu'ils se rapprochent, les tissus se referment comme si on tirait des rideaux.
Early development of nematode embryos: differences and similarities
Authors: Schierenberg Einhard 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTo determine whether embryogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans is typical for nematodes in general, we started to analyse in comparison several aspects of development in various nematode species. The differences we observed can be subdivided into two classes, those visible in the intact embryo and those requiring experimental interference. Particularly obvious differences of both types were revealed between C. elegans (Rhabditidae) and Acrobeloides nanus (Cephalobidae). Not only does the spatial and temporal pattern of early events differ but also that of intercellular communication and cell specification. Our data suggest that some developmental variations are characteristic for certain nematode groups and therefore may be useful as phylogenetic markers. In contrast, we detected little evidence so far for environmental influence on early developmental processes. Pour déterminer dans quelle mesure l’embryogenèse de Caenorhabditis elegans est une caractéristique générale des nématodes, nous avons commencé l’analyse de plusieurs aspects du développement chez différentes espèces de nématodes. Les différences observées peuvent être divisées en deux catégories: celles observables chez l’embryon intact et celles nécessitant une intervention expérimentale. En particulier, des différences nettes entre les deux catégories ont été mises en évidence chez C. elegans (Rhabditidae) et Acrobeloides nanus (Cephalobidae). Diffèrent non seulement le schéma spatio-temporel des évènements précoces, mais également la communication intercellulaire et la différenciation cellulaire. Nos données suggèrent que certaines variations du développement sont caractéristiques de certains groupes de nématodes et pourraient donc être utiles comme marqueurs phylogénétiques. A contrario, une influence de l’environnement sur les processus précoces du développement n’a pas, jusqu’à présent, été détectée.
Development of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis megidis strain NLH-E 87.3 in Galleria mellonella
Authors: Boff Mari , Smits Peter , Gerritsen Lonne , Wiegers Gerrie 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIncreasing densities of Heterorhabditis megidis strain NLH-E 87.3 infective juveniles (IJ) affected invasion, reproduction, length and time to first emergence of the nematodes in larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. Although the number of nematodes that invaded the host increased with increasing dose, percentage of invasion declined. The number of progeny produced per host initially increased with dose. The highest production of IJ per cadaver was reached at a dose of 300 IJ per host, at that dose 62 ± 3.4 IJ were established per cadaver. Production decreased again significantly at higher densities. The smallest IJ were produced at a dose of 1000 IJ per host and the largest at a dose of 300 IJ per host. Time to first emergence of juveniles was generally shorter when the number of IJ inoculated was large (300-3000 IJ/host).Des densités croissantes de juvéniles infestants (IJ) d'Heterorhabditis megidis souche NLH-E 87.3 ont affecté la pénétration, la reproduction, la longueur du corps et la date de la première émergence des nématodes des larves de Galleria mellonella. Bien que le nombre de nématodes ayant pénétré dans l'hôte ait augmenté avec l'inoculum, le pourcentage de pénétration a décru. L'importance de la descendance produite par hôte a initialement augmenté avec l'inoculum. La production la plus forte d'IJ par cadavre a été atteinte à un taux d'inoculum de 300 IJ par hôte; à ce taux d'inoculum, 62 ± 3.4 IJ par cadavre avaient pénétré. La production d'IJ a de nouveau diminué significativement aux taux d'inoculum plus élevés. Les IJ les plus petits ont été obtenus au taux d'inoculum de 1000 IJ par hôte. Le temps écoulé jusqu'à la première sortie des juvéniles hors de l'insecte a été généralement plus court lorsque le taux d'inoculum était élevé (300-3000 IJ/hôte).
Longidorus dalmassoi sp. n. (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea) from France
Authors: Peneva Vlada , Loof Pieter A.A. , Brown Derek J.F. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A description is provided of Longidorus dalmassoi sp. n., a bisexual species
associated with grasses in France. The species is characterised by a body
length of 6.9-7.8 mm, slightly expanded and anteriorly flattened head
region, symmetrically bilobed amphidial pouches, long odontostyle (152-163
mu m), spear guiding system with compensation sacks, conoid tail (39-52.5 mu
m) with narrow, rounded terminus, males with short spicules (50-51 mu m) and
a row of 15 or 16 supplements. Longidorus dalmassoi sp. n. (Nematoda:
Longidoridae) provenant de France - Description est donnee de Longidorus
dalmassoi sp. n., espece bisexuee associee a une vegetation herbacee, en
France. Cette espece est caracterisee par une longueur du corps de 6,9-7,8
mm, une extremite anterieure legerement elargie et aplatie a l'avant, des
poches amphidiennes symetriques et bilobees, un odontostyle long (152-163 mu
m), un systeme de guidage du stylet comportant des sacs de compensation, une
queue conoide (39-52,5 mu m) a extremite etroite et arrondie, des males a
spicules courts (20-51 mu m) et pourvus d'une rangee de 15 ou 16
supplements.
Geological factors controlling clay mineral patterns across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in Mediterranean and Atlantic sections
Authors: Ortega M. , Palomo I. , Martinez F. , Gonzalez I. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe clay mineral associations in the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary (KTB) and in the Danian and Maastrichtian levels of sections from the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Domains have been studied. The Mediterranean sections have a single mineral association consisting of smectiteiltite and kaolinite, whereas the Atlantic sections have several associations: illite-chlorite, illite-R1 I-S-kaolinite and illite-R 1 I-S-chlorite. Data are presented relating to the influence of K-feldspars and Fe oxide sphemles on the clay mineral associations. Study of rare-earth elements shows that regional geological factors affect the clay mineralogy of the KTB, examples showing significant anthigenesis in the Mediterranean sections, and important detrital supply in all the Atlantic sections. We propose that the KTB studied in these marine sections is equivalent to the uppermost layer of the two-layered clay unit originating in a cloud of a vapourized bolide. Regional tectonic conditions have been responsible for differences in clay sedimentation in these geological domains and among the stratigraphic sections of the Atlantic Domain.
Effect of heating and acid pre-treatment on pore size distribution of sepiolite
Authors: Balci S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDue to its channels of molecular dimensions and a high specific surface area, sepiolite has many industrial applications which require high resistance to thermal effects in addition to a large surface area. On heating, sorbed water molecules are removed causing changes in the pore size distribution. In this study, the effects of thermal treatment on the pore structure of sepiolite and the acid-treated sepiolite samples were investigated. The solid density of sepiolite, measured by a He displacement technique, was 2.08 g cm-3 and total porosity was ~0.58. Both of these values showed an increase at 100°C, then decreased with further temperature increase due to crystal deformation and channel plugging which occurred at elevated temperatures. The BET surface area of the original sepiolite was 148 m2 g-1, and increased to 263 m2 g-1 at 100°C and then started to decrease. Approximately 16% of the total volume was in the micropores at 100°C. The acid pre-activation caused restrictions in possible crystal deformation during thermal treatment. The micropore volume increased to 20% and BET surface area reached values >500 m2 g-1 for the acid-treated samples.
Iron-rich saponite: dissolution reactions and Cr uptake
Authors: Brigatti M. F. , Lugli C. , Poppi L. , Venturelli G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTo gain a deeper understanding of the geochemical processes involved in the interactions between ionic solutions and clay minerals in natural systems, the dissolution rate of an Fe-rich saponite from Mt. Prinzera (Taro Valley, Italy) was measured as a function of pH and time at 25°C. Also, its ability to adsorb Cr was studied at varying metal concentrations (3.22, 5.50, 8.50 mEq l-1) and with different competing anions (CH3COO-, Cl-, NO3-). It was found that there is a correlation between the experimentally determined release rate constant (k), as defined by the relase of Si, and pH. In acidic solutions, the k values correlate negatively with pH, whereas the opposite occurs for basic solutions. The extent of Cr uptake was measured by analysis of the liquid portion separated by centrifugation after a controlled period of exposure. The Cr adsorbed for different concentrations and anionic environments shows the dependence of Cr uptake on the initial metal concentration and on accompanying anions in the order CH3COO-, Cl-, NO3-.
A fluid inclusion study of an amethyst deposit in the Cretaceous Kyongsang Basin, South Korea
Authors: Yang K. H. , Yun S. H. , Lee J. D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe Eonyang amethyst deposit is thought to be spatially and temporally associated with the biotite granite of the Cretaceous Kyongsang Basin, South Korea. The euhedral quartz crystals in cavities in the aplite which intrudes biotite granite are colour-zoned from white at the base to amethystine at the top. Fluid inclusions from rock-forming quartz in granitic rocks and euhedral quartz crystals in cavities were examined. Three types of primary inclusions were observed and three isochores for inclusions representing each type are constructed to constrain the trapping conditions and fluid evolution involved during the formation of the amethyst. The intersection of the isochore representing the early fluid inclusions with solidus temperature of the host granite indicates initial quartz formation at ~600°C and 1.0–1.5 kbar. Intermediate quartz formation, associated with the high-salinity inclusions, occurred at somewhat lower temperatures (400°C) and pressures of ~1 kbar. The amethystine quartz formed from H2O–CO2–NaCl fluids at temperatures between 280 and 400°C, and pressures of ~1 kbar. Based on the texture and mineralogy of host minerals and on the fluid inclusion characteristics, the euhedral quartz began growing at near solidus conditions of the granite and the pressure did not vary significantly until the end of crystallization of amethystine quartz crystals in cavities. Early quartz in cavities formed from moderately saline fluids that either exsolved from or were in equilibrium with the granite, whereas the amethystine quartz apparently grew from fluids of at least partial sedimentary origin. The granite crystallized at considerable depth under relatively low water pressures probably in the root zones of porphyry-type systems. Hydrothermal activities, fluid compositions and erosion factors combined to provide favourable conditions for the formation of the Eonyang amethyst deposit and its presence near the Earth's surface today.