bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the informational needs and sources of support of Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) cancer survivors to inform the development of a digital platform
Authors: Vlooswijk Carla , Janssen Silvie H. M. , Sleeman Sophia H. E. , Pluis Jonas , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , van de Poll-Franse Lonneke V. , Husson Olga , van Eenbergen Mies C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the (age-specific) informational needs and support sources used by Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) cancer survivors throughout their cancer trajectory and socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with most common AYA-related informational needs.

Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among AYA cancer survivors (mean, 10.3 years after diagnosis, SD = 5.6). Informational needs and sources of support were examined via open questions and analyzed via a thematic inductive approach. Responses on informational needs were categorized according to the AYA anamnesis of the Dutch AYA “Young & Cancer” Care Network used in clinical practice. Chi-square and ANOVA tests were performed to assess differences in socio-demographic and clinical characteristics among AYA cancer survivors based on their varying levels of informational needs.

Results
In total, 593 AYA cancer survivors were included (mean, 32.2 years at diagnosis, SD = 5.6). Most common informational needs were related to: family and children (23%), fertility and pregnancy (23%), work and reintegration (20%), peers with cancer (13%), and intimacy and sexuality (13%). Females, AYA cancer survivors diagnosed a longer time ago, those with a college/university education, those diagnosed with breast or hematological malignancies, and those treated with chemotherapy were more likely to have AYA-related informational needs. The most often used sources of support were healthcare professionals (76%), family (72%), social life (69%), and websites (47%).

Conclusions
AYA cancer survivors have informational needs related to their life stage including topics like family and children, and fertility. Tailored information services and support are needed, including opportunities to connect with peers and support for relatives. By addressing the informational needs and sources of support for AYA cancer survivors, we can improve AYA care programs and empower AYA cancer survivors to better cope with the consequences associated with their disease.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
This study will help to inform the content of AYA websites and platforms and help AYA cancer survivors, relatives, and healthcare professionals to become more aware of the needs of AYA cancer survivors and facilitate better use of relevant information and support services.
On Vascular Lesions of the Thyroid Gland with Emphasis on Intrathyroidal Hemangioma: Clinicopathologic Characterization of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: MacDonald William W. , Wakely Paul E. , Argyris Prokopios P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMesenchymal neoplasms of the thyroid gland are exceptionally rare accounting for less than 0.5% of all intrathyroidal tumors with hemangiomas comprising merely 6% of them. The clinicopathologic characteristics of two additional examples of thyroid hemangioma together with a thorough review of the pertinent literature are presented. A 62-year-old man and an 18-year-old woman presented with asymptomatic, soft-to-palpation, mobile nodules of the right thyroid lobe classified as TI-RADS 5 and TI-RADS 4, respectively, on ultrasound imaging. Microscopically, lesions featured a circumscribed, unencapsulated, lobular proliferation of variably-sized, congested, vascular channels lined by a single layer of flattened, cytologically bland endothelial cells, together with interspersed residual follicles. Vascular endothelial cells were strongly positive for CD31, CD34 and ERG, and negative for pancytokeratin AE1/AE3, TTF1, and PAX8. A diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma was rendered in the clinical setting of Hashimoto thyroiditis and follicular adenoma, respectively. Following inclusion of the current cases, a total of 53 intrathyroidal hemangiomas were identified in the literature with a patient mean age of 48.9 years (range = 0.17-84) and a slight female predilection (F:M = 1.4:1). A proclivity for the right thyroid lobe (59.6%) was noted with the striking majority of cases exhibiting features of cavernous hemangioma (95.2%). Prognosis is favorable and surgical resection is considered curative. The occasionally alarming clinical presentation in conjunction with absence of pathognomonic imaging features and limited diagnostic accuracy of FNA cytopathology for such lesions renders surgical intervention necessary for definitive diagnosis of intrathyroidal hemangiomas and exclusion of other epithelial and non-epithelial pathologic entities.
Wonderboom, South Africa: An Acheulean workshop with evidence of flake harvesting
Authors: Lotter Matt G. , Lombard Marlize , Caruana Matthew V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere are several characteristics that can be used to identify Acheulean workshops. However, the direct flaking of raw-material outcrops can be an important step in Acheulean lithic production that is missing from the current trait list. Here, we define and introduce the first systematically documented evidence of what we refer to as ‘flake harvesting’ at Wonderboom in Gauteng, South Africa. The presence of flakes and cores from the excavated Acheulean deposit, with similar dimensions and in similar condition to those associated with the nearby flake-harvesting localities, indicate that the behaviour was associated with the Acheulean. We explain that collecting flakes in this manner is different from quarrying, and provide a recording protocol that can be applied to other localities. This could help to explore whether the behaviour has been missed previously, or whether it is a uniquely localised development. We provide a summary of Acheulean workshop traits reported by other researchers, demonstrating that several of these traits are present at Wonderboom, so that the site can now be thought of in terms of a workshop, amongst other things, and flake harvesting can be added to the list.
Importance and variability of the paternal component in sow reproductive traits
Authors: Cieleń G. , Sell-Kubiak E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReproductive traits are an integral part of the goals of the breeding programs that contribute to the economic success of production. Reproductive phenotypes such as litter size, number of piglets born alive, or litter weight at birth are mainly attributed to females. Thus, the maternal components can be found by default in quantitative genetics’ animal models. Still, paternal contribution to variance components should not be discarded. In this review, we indicate the importance of paternal effects in pig breeding by describing both the biology and genetics of boars’ traits, the use of (non-)genetic service sire effects in quantitative genetic models for traits measured on females, and genes involved in male reproduction. We start by describing the important biological traits of boars that have the most important effect on their reproductive abilities, i.e., sexual maturity, sperm quality, and testes parameters. Then we move to the possible environmental effects that could affect those traits of boars (e.g., feed, temperature). The main part of the review in detail describes the genetics of boars’ reproductive traits (i.e., heritability) and their direct effect on reproductive traits of females (i.e., genetic correlations). We then move to the use of both genetic and non-genetic service sire effects in quantitative models estimated as their percentage in the total variance of traits, which vary depending on the breed from 1 to 4.5% or from 1 to 2%, respectively. Finally, we focus on the description of candidate genes and confirmed mutations affecting male reproduction success: IGF2, Tgm8, ESR1, ZSWIM7, and ELMO1. In conclusion, the observed variance of paternal effects in female reproduction traits might come from various attributes of boars including biological and genetic aspects. Those attributes of boars should not be neglected as they contribute to the success of female reproductive traits.
Upregulation of microRNAs correlates with downregulation of HERV-K expression in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Simula Elena Rita , Jasemi Somaye , Paulus Kay , Sechi Leonardo Antonio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) involvement in neurological diseases has been extensively documented, although the etiology of HERV reactivation remains unclear. MicroRNAs represent one of the potential regulatory mechanisms of HERV reactivation. We identified fourteen microRNAs predicted to bind the HERV-K transcript, and subsequently analyzed for their gene expression levels alongside those of HERV-K. We documented an increased expression of four microRNAs in patients with Parkinson’s disease compared to healthy controls, which correlated with a downregulation of HERV-K transcripts. We hypothesize that specific microRNAs may bind to HERV-K transcripts, leading to its downregulation.
Impact of Nano-TiO2 Combination with Biodiesel on Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions Under Fuel Magnetism Conditioning
Authors: El-Fakharany M. K. , Abdelrazek Ahmed S. , Baz Faisal B. , Gad M. S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProblems of atomization, spray, and lower output power are due to the biodiesel’s higher viscosity. All of these aim to encourage fuel magnetism and nanoparticles addition to reduce fuel consumption. Waste cooking oil was converted to methyl ester by transesterification. To make methyl ester blend, diesel and biodiesel were mixed at volume ratio of 20%. TiO2 nanoparticles were added to biodiesel blend B20 at doses of 25 and 50 mg/L. TEM and XRD were used to characterize the nanomaterials. A magnetic coil was placed before the fuel injector to apply a magnetic field on the line of fuel. South pole of the magnetic field is located near to the fuel line, whereas the north pole is located further away. To examine the impact of these nanomaterials with fuel magnetism on engine performance and emissions using WCO biodiesel mixture, an experimental test rig was built connected to diesel engine. During testing, diesel engine operates at 1500 rpm with load variation. The average increases in BTE were 1, 1.5, 3.5, 5.5, and 6.5% but the decreases in BSFC were 1.2, 2, 4, 5, and 6% for B20 + magnet, B20 + 25 TiO2, B20 + 25 TiO2 + magnet, B20 + 50 TiO2, and B20 + 50 TiO2 + magnet, respectively, at engine load range. The average drops in CO, NOx, and HC concentrations were 16, 22, and 33%, respectively, at load range for B20 + 50 TiO2 + magnet. To improve engine performance and reduce emissions, biodiesel blend B20 from waste cooking oil with nanoTiO2 concentration of 50 ppm under magnetic field effect was recommended as a substitute fuel in diesel engine.
Valorization of Different Clays Used in the Treatment of Oily Wastewater in the Development of Construction Products
Authors: Ayadi Chaima , Alouani Rabah , Nahdi Kais , Eliche-Quesada Dolores 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of this research is to study the feasibility of using clays used in the decontamination of wastewater containing olive oil wastewater (OOW), new lubricating oil (NOW) or motor oil (MOW) in the manufacture of ceramic bricks. Three types of clays were used for filtration, kaolinite type clay (KT), smectite type clay (CT) both from Tunisia and illitic chloritic clay (CS) from Jaén (Spain). These clays containing different types of oils, as well as the control clays, were used in the manufacture of bricks fired at 900 °C. These bricks were characterized by physical, mechanical and thermal tests. The sintered microstructure’s evolution was followed by tracked through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results indicate that the specific type of clay used influences the technological characteristics of the bricks. The use of CT clay gives rise to increase bulk density, greater compressive strength, and reduced apparent porosity and water absorption. The use of clays used in the decontamination of water containing oils produced a decrease in bulk density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity and leads to an increase in apparent porosity and water absorption in the order OOW > NOW > MOW according to the total organic carbon content (TOC). Therefore, the use of clays used in the filtration of water that contain different oils can represent a promising way of valorizing this waste, which can alleviate the environmental impact and represents economic savings for the industry of construction materials with properties of thermal insulation, getting closer to a circular economy.
Comparative assessment of autoclave- and microwave-facilitated seawater pretreatments for the enhancement of sugar recovery from banana pseudostem
Authors: Hute Thandi , Sanusi Isaac A. , Kana Evariste B. Gueguim , Meyer Edson L. , Sewsynker-Sukai Yeshona 
Published: October 2024

Abstract This study evaluated the efficacy of optimized autoclave-assisted seawater (A-SW) and microwave-assisted seawater (M-SW) pretreatments in improving sugar production from banana pseudostem. Subsequently, the structural changes of banana pseudostem, along with inhibitory compound concentrations were assessed under the conditions optimized for A-SW and M-SW pretreatment models. High coefficient of determination (R2) value (> 0.82) was obtained for both A-SW and M-SW. In addition, comparable reducing sugar of 0.41 ± 0.01 g/g and glucose yield of 0.24 ± 0.001 g/g were obtained from the optimized A-SW pretreatment, compared with the reducing sugar yield of 0.23 ± 0.004 g/g and glucose yield of 0.14 ± 002 g/g from the optimized M-SW regime. Furthermore, the A-SW high pretreatment efficiency was confirmed by changes in the biomass structure and low concentration of inhibitory compounds. Therefore, the potential use of abundant and sustainable seawater-based in this study with different heating mechanisms for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass provides a novel strategy to reduce the costs associated with the application of chemicals and scarce fresh water in lignocellulosic biorefineries.
The Interplay of Racism, Climate, and the Environment on Child and Adolescent Health: Implications for Pediatricians
Authors: Miles Aida , Sathyanarayana Sheela , Walker-Harding Leslie , Simpson Joelle N. , Smith Katy , Coyne-Beasley Tamera 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We highlight the disparate effects of climate change and unhealthy environments on children and youth and suggest pragmatic steps for pediatricians to address the harms both inside and outside the clinic space.

Recent Findings
Environment and climate can inflict long-term, multi-faceted harms on children. As trusted resources by families and policy makers, pediatricians have a unique role in addressing these harms.

Summary
Environmental toxins and climate change pose significant threats to the health and well-being of children and adolescents. There are inequities in how these threats are distributed in communities, resulting in many disparities. Pediatricians must prioritize addressing climate and environmental threats out of duty to their patients and as a matter of environmental justice. This can be done through research, advocacy, working with policymakers, and supporting youth in their advocacy and preparedness efforts, as well as through patient screening and clinical care.
Rethinking security: the resilience of shallow ML models
Authors: Teixeira Rafael , Antunes Mário , Barraca João Paulo , Gomes Diogo , Aguiar Rui L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current growth of machine learning (ML) enabled the commercialization of several applications, such as data analytics, autonomous systems, and security diagnostics. These models are becoming pervasive in most systems and are deployed into every possible domain. Hand in hand with this growth are security and privacy issues. Although such issues are being actively researched, there is an evident fragmentation in the analysis and definition of the ML models’ resilience. This work explores the resilience of shallow ML models to a relevant attack of data poisoning, as poisoning data attacks pose serious threats, compromising ML model integrity and performance. Our study aimed to uncover the strengths of shallow ML models when facing adversarial manipulation. Evaluations were performed in a CAPTCHA scenario using the well-known MINIST dataset. Results indicate remarkable resilience, maintaining accuracy and generalization despite malicious inputs. Understanding the mechanisms enabling resilience can aid in fortifying future ML systems’ security. Further research is needed to explore limits and develop effective countermeasures against sophisticated poisoning attacks.
A Comparative Analysis of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy Procedures Used to Facilitate Verbalizations by Children with Autism
Authors: Barnes Ross Megan , Stokes Trevor F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current study conducted a comparative analysis of the effects of select components of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy, labeled praise, behavior descriptions, and reflections on child vocalizations in two children with autism spectrum disorder and accompanying language delays using a concurrent multiple baseline across participants design. The frequency of verbalizations, the frequency of different verbalizations, and the mean length of utterance of words (MLUw) were measured during a baseline condition followed sequentially by two experimental conditions during a free play environment. The total number of therapist–child interactions remained consistent across all experimental conditions such that only the topography of the interactions varied across conditions. During the first experimental condition the clinician used labeled praise and behavior descriptions during child play. After establishing stability of changes under these conditions, the therapist systematically added reflections of child vocalizations in the second experimental condition. Total verbalizations, different verbalizations, and MLUw increased following the introduction of labeled praise and behavior descriptions. Total verbalizations and different verbalizations increased and the frequencies accelerated following the systematic introduction of reflections. The study showed the relative value of reflections of child verbalizations as a powerful component of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy procedures to facilitate verbalizations by children with autism.
CT and MRI of pancreatic cystic lesions: tricks of the trade
Authors: Vetro Vincenzo , Agnello Francesco , Raitano Elisa , Calsi Simona Li , Pinzone Sabrina , Galia Massimo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To describe CT and MRI findings of pancreatic cystic lesions.

Background
The growing use of ultrasound, CT and MRI has led to increasing incidental detection of pancreatic cystic lesions. These lesions range from benign entities (e.g., acute necrotic collection) to potentially malignant neoplasms (e.g., IPMN) and malignant neoplasms (e.g., ductal adenocarcinoma). CT and MRI can help to differentiate pancreatic cystic lesions.

Findings
Pancreatic cystic lesions neoplasms often have pathognomonic CT and MRI characteristics. It is important to consider size, number of cysts, septa, the relationship with the main pancreatic duct, internal nodules and wall enhancement. Guidelines from different societies have been developed to promote and standardize the management and follow-up of pancreatic cystic lesions.

Conclusion
CT and MRI play a crucial role in the detection and characterization of pancreatic cystic lesions.
Transparency challenges in policy evaluation with causal machine learning: improving usability and accountability
Authors: Rehill Patrick , Biddle Nicholas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Causal machine learning tools are beginning to see use in real-world policy evaluation tasks to flexibly estimate treatment effects. One issue with these methods is that the machine learning models used are generally black boxes, that is, there is no globally interpretable way to understand how a model makes estimates. This is a clear problem for governments who want to evaluate policy as it is difficult to understand whether such models are functioning in ways that are fair, based on the correct interpretation of evidence and transparent enough to allow for accountability if things go wrong. However, there has been little discussion of transparency problems in the causal machine learning literature and how these might be overcome. This article explores why transparency issues are a problem for causal machine learning in public policy evaluation applications and considers ways these problems might be addressed through explainable AI tools and by simplifying models in line with interpretable AI principles. It then applies these ideas to a case study using a causal forest model to estimate conditional average treatment effects for returns on education study. It shows that existing tools for understanding black-box predictive models are not as well suited to causal machine learning and that simplifying the model to make it interpretable leads to an unacceptable increase in error (in this application). It concludes that new tools are needed to properly understand causal machine learning models and the algorithms that fit them.
AI, big data, and quest for truth: the role of theoretical insight
Authors: Bircan Tuba 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper aims at exploring the dynamic interplay between advanced technological developments in AI and Big Data and the sustained relevance of theoretical frameworks in scientific inquiry. It questions whether the abundance of data in the AI era reduces the necessity for theory or, conversely, enhances its importance. Arguing for a synergistic approach, the paper emphasizes the need for integrating computational capabilities with theoretical insight to uncover deeper truths within extensive datasets. The discussion extends into computational social science, where elements from sociology, psychology, and economics converge. The application of these interdisciplinary theories in the context of AI is critically examined, highlighting the need for methodological diversity and addressing the ethical implications of AI-driven research. The paper concludes by identifying future trends and challenges in AI and computational social science, offering a call to action for the scientific community, policymakers, and society. Being positioned at the intersection of AI, data science, and social theory, this paper illuminates the complexities of our digital era and inspires a re-evaluation of the methodologies and ethics guiding our pursuit of knowledge.
Salience of infectious diseases did not increase xenophobia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fan Lei , Tybur Joshua M. , Van Lange Paul A. M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Multiple proposals suggest that xenophobia increases when infectious disease threats are salient. The current longitudinal study tested this hypothesis by examining whether and how anti-immigrant sentiments varied in the Netherlands across four time points during the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020, February 2021, October 2021 and June 2022 through Flycatcher.eu). The results revealed that (1) anti-immigrant sentiments were no higher in early assessments, when COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths were high, than in later assessments, when COVID-19 hospitalizations were low, and (2) within-person changes in explicit disease concerns and disgust sensitivity did not relate to anti-immigrant sentiments, although stable individual differences in disgust sensitivity did. These findings suggest that anecdotal accounts of increased xenophobia during the pandemic did not generalize to the population sampled from here. They also suggest that not all increases in ecological pathogen threats and disease salience increase xenophobia.