bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Computer Program for Practical Semivariogram Modeling and Ordinary Kriging: A Case Study of Porosity Distribution in an Oil Field
Authors: Mert Bayram Ali , Dag Ahmet 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this study, firstly, a practical and educational geostatistical program (JeoStat) was developed, and then example analysis of porosity parameter distribution, using oilfield data, was presented.With this program, two or three-dimensional variogram analysis can be performed by using normal, log-normal or indicator transformed data. In these analyses, JeoStat offers seven commonly used theoretical variogram models (Spherical, Gaussian, Exponential, Linear, Generalized Linear, Hole Effect and Paddington Mix) to the users. These theoretical models can be easily and quickly fitted to experimental models using a mouse. JeoStat uses ordinary kriging interpolation technique for computation of point or block estimate, and also uses cross-validation test techniques for validation of the fitted theoretical model. All the results obtained by the analysis as well as all the graphics such as histogram, variogram and kriging estimation maps can be saved to the hard drive, including digitised graphics and maps. As such, the numerical values of any point in the map can be monitored using a mouse and text boxes. This program is available to students, researchers, consultants and corporations of any size free of charge. The JeoStat software package and source codes available at:
Water Dynamics and Physicochemical Analysis of Two Different Varieties of Apple Jam (Fuji) and (Yinduqing) by LF- NMR and MRI
Authors: Kamal Tariq , Zhang Tan , Song Yukun , Zhu Bei-Wei , Tan Mingqian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractApple jam is one of the favorite foods consumed worldwide. This study investigated the effect of storage time and sugar concentration on water dynamics inFujiandYinduqing, using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. The samples were taken for jam preparation with various concentrations of sugar solution (0, 25, 50 and 75-oBrix) and stored at a room temperature of 20 °C for 16 days. The LF-NMR relaxation timeT2distribution displayed bound, intermediate and free water, respectively. The lowestT2range reflected lowest sugar hydrogen mobility depending on total soluble solids (TSS) and water content. A significant correlation (r> 0.9) existed between LF-NMR analysis and physicochemical parameters (water content, color, pH and TSS). MRI displayed uniform water distributions in samples with low sugar concentration. Fluorescence microscopy was used to evaluate sugar crystals and microstructural changes during processing. The study demonstrated the viability of LF-NMR method in determining water dynamics in the apple jams upon processing and storage that may be implemented for quality analysis in other jam products.
The accumulation of SA- and JA-signaling pathways in the response of Glycine max cv. “Nam Dan” to infestation by Aphis craccivora
Authors: Tran Ngoc Toan , Tran Thi Thanh Huyen , Do Ngoc Dai , Mai Van Chung 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Phytohormones function as signal molecules that regulate physiological processes to protect plants from environmental stresses, including aphids’ attack. We studied the pattern within the defense mechanisms of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. “Nam Dan”] regarding the signaling pathways of salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) in response to cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch). With infestation by cowpea aphid, SA was the first to accumulate and reached high levels 24 hours post-infestation (hpi). An accumulation of SA in the early response of soybean probably triggers inducible specific defense reactions. Following SA, JA was later induced and continuously increased to high levels 96 hpi. An accumulation of JA in the later response may be a critical step in the signaling of the downstream defense cascade. In addition, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.24) and benzoic acid 2-hydroylase (BA2H), enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of SA, and lipoxygenase (LOX, EC 1.13.11.12), an important enzyme in the JA biosynthesis pathway, were also induced by cowpea aphid. The changes in the enzymatic activity of PAL, BA2H and LOX, and expression of gene encoding PAL were closely associated with the accumulation of endogenous SA and JA, respectively. The variations in the levels of these defense-related compounds were strongly connected with density and the duration of cowpea aphid infestation. Different accumulations of SA- and JA-signaling pathways may contribute to a coordinated regulation leading to the formation of resistant lines in the defense mechanisms of G. max cv. “Nam Dan” against A. craccivora.
Biocontrol of bacterial speck of tomato by aqueous extract of Tagetes erecta
Authors: Goel Navodit , Anukrati Kumari , Paul Prabir Kumar 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Biocontrol of plant diseases has emerged as an eco-friendly measure of plant protection and has experienced a lot of devotion in the last two decades. Biocontrol agents include application of microbial agents, their secretion products and natural extracts from different parts of several plants. The present study, therefore, aimed at evaluating the potency of aqueous extracts of Tagetes erecta L. (marigold) in controlling bacterial speck disease in tomato plants. The experimental design consisted of two groups of 50 plants each: group 1 – sprayed with sterile water (control); and group 2 – sprayed with marigold extract. Spraying was performed under aseptic conditions at the third node from the base of each plant. Challenge inoculation with the bacterial speck pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato was performed to analyze the disease severity on the test plants. The parameters of study were analysis of alteration in the activity and gene expression of peroxidase (POX), phenyl ammonia lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), as well as isoform expression of POX and PPO. The results demonstrated strong inductive effects of the extract on the activity and genes of POX, PAL and PPO. De novo expression of POX and PPO isoforms following marigold extract treatment was also observed. The observations indicate that marigold extract could be a promising biopesticide.
Chromium Coating as a Surface Protection of Zirconium Alloys
Authors: Krausová A. , Tůma L. , Novák M. , Cvrček L. , Krejčí J. , Macák J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Increasing of nuclear safety, higher demands for longer nuclear fuel campaign and higher levels of burnout are based on improving the properties of zirconium alloys. Protective coatings appears to be a promising way to reduce their chemical reactivity and increase resistance to hydriding. In this work, a thin chromium coating applied to a standard Zr1Nb zirconium alloy was studied using in-situ impedance spectroscopy. Exposure was carried out at a temperature of 280 ° C and a pressure of 8 MPa in a simulated WWER primary coolant environment. The results show that the chromium-coated Zr1Nb alloy is under these conditions oxidized significantly slower than the non-coated alloy.
Analysis of the Coating for Heavy Liquid Metal Applications
Authors: Prehradná J. , Rozumová L. , Di Gabriele F. , Chocholoušek M. , Dostál V. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper deals with the behavior of the ferritic-martensitic steel T91 samples covered with an AlTiN black coating, which is mainly used for high temperature applications (> 800 ° C) because of its resistance to oxidation. The coating was applied by use of a combination of High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) and Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering (DCMS). Samples were subjected to a tensile test in a static tank CALLISTO. The environment was liquid PbBi eutectic at a temperature of 550° C. Two types of samples, with a notch in the middle and without a notch, were tested. After exposure, the samples were subjected to morphological and chemical analyzes on SEM and EDX. Although the coating cracked over the entire length of the sample, high adhesion of the layer was demonstrated, the coating was delaminated locally only in the notch.
Local GIS: development and assessment of the geoportal for local governments and local communities. Case study of a small town in Poland
Authors: Medolińska Katarzyna , Gołębiowska Izabela , Karsznia Izabela 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Of the numerous applications of GIS, administration and public services count among the main fields of application. They are both the users and the owners of the largest amount of spatial data. Portals for higher authorities have been the subject of extensive discussions, but the development and possible use of GIS systems in the form of geoportals at local levels still seems to have been insufficiently discussed. This article presents the process of designing and developing a portal for the lowest authorities - local authorities and the local community. A small town in Poland, Sokółka, was assumed as the study area. The concept development was preceded by, among others: recognition of the needs of an administrative unit in conducting spatial policy; establishment of the objectives, functionalities and assumptions of the designed GIS; a SWOT analysis of the designed geoportal; and an analysis of data resources. Pilot implementation was completed with an evaluation of the geoportal encompassing various groups of potential users.
Some new remarks on MHD Jeffery-Hamel fluid flow problem
Authors: Ene Remus-Daniel , Pop Camelia 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A Hamilton-Poisson realization of the MHD Jeffery-Hamel fluid flow problem is proposed. Tthe nonlinear stability of the equilibrium states is discussed. A comparison between the analytic solutions obtained using the OHAM method and the exact solutions provided by the Hamilton-Poisson realization are presented.
Dynamics of the line-start reluctance motor with rotor made of SMC material
Authors: Smółka Krzysztof , Gmyrek Zbigniew 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Design and control of electric motors in such a way as to ensure the expected motor dynamics, are the problems studied for many years. Many researchers tried to solve this problem, for example by the design optimization or by the use of special control algorithms in electronic systems. In the case of low-power and fractional power motors, the manufacture cost of the final product is many times less than cost of electronic system powering them. The authors of this paper attempt to improve the dynamic of 120 W line-start synchronous reluctance motor, energized by 50 Hz mains (without any electronic systems). The authors seek a road enabling improvement of dynamics of the analyzed motor, by changing the shape and material of the rotor, in such a way to minimize the modification cost of the tools necessary for the motor production. After the initial selection, the analysis of four rotors having different tooth shapes, was conducted.
Inhomogeneous dielectrics: conformal mapping and finite-element models
Authors: Costamagna Eugenio , Barba Paolo Di 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Field singularities in electrostatic and magnetostatic fields require special attention in field calculations, and today finite element methods are normally used, both in homogeneous and in inhomogeneous dielectric cases. Conformal mappings are a traditional tool in the homogeneous case, but two-stage Schwarz-Christoffel + Finite Difference procedures have been proposed for a long time to solve problems in case of inhomogeneous dielectric materials too. This allowed to overcome accuracy problems caused by convex corners in the domain boundary and relevant field singularities, and to easily apply finite difference (FD) solvers in rectangular domains. In this paper, compound procedures Schwarz-Christoffel + Finite Elements Method procedures are suggested, to improve both the accuracy and the speed of second stage calculations. The results are compared to Schwarz-Christoffel + Finite Difference and to direct finite-element calculations, and the small differences analyzed considering a well know case study geometry, i.e., a shielded dielectric-supported stripline geometry.
Topology optimization of induction heating model using sequential linear programming based on move limit with adaptive relaxation
Authors: Masuda Hiroshi , Kanda Yutaro , Okamoto Yoshifumi , Hirono Kazuki , Hoshino Reona , Wakao Shinji , Tsuburaya Tomonori 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
It is very important to design electrical machineries with high efficiency from the point of view of saving energy. Therefore, topology optimization (TO) is occasionally used as a design method for improving the performance of electrical machinery under the reasonable constraints. Because TO can achieve a design with much higher degree of freedom in terms of structure, there is a possibility for deriving the novel structure which would be quite different from the conventional structure. In this paper, topology optimization using sequential linear programming using move limit based on adaptive relaxation is applied to two models. The magnetic shielding, in which there are many local minima, is firstly employed as firstly benchmarking for the performance evaluation among several mathematical programming methods. Secondly, induction heating model is defined in 2-D axisymmetric field. In this model, the magnetic energy stored in the magnetic body is maximized under the constraint on the volume of magnetic body. Furthermore, the influence of the location of the design domain on the solutions is investigated.
Rules for folding polyminoes from one level to two levels
Authors: Martin Julia , Wilcox Elizabeth 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Polyominoes have been the focus of many recreational and research investigations. In this article, the authors investigate whether a paper cutout of a polyomino can be folded to produce a second polyomino in the same shape as the original, but now with two layers of paper. For the folding, only “corner folds” and “half edge cuts” are allowed, unless the polyomino forms a closed loop, in which case one is allowed to completely cut two squares in the polyomino apart. With this set of allowable moves, the authors present algorithms for folding different types of polyominoes and prove that certain polyominoes can successfully be folded to two layers. The authors also establish that other polyominoes cannot be folded to two layers if only these moves are allowed.
Optimizing Street Canyon Orientation for Rajarhat Newtown, Kolkata, India
Authors: De Bhaskar , Mukherjee Mahua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAir temperature in urban street canyons is increased due to the morphed urban geometry, increased surface area, decreased long wave radiation and evapo-transpiration, different thermo-physical properties of surface materials and anthropogenic heat which results in thermal discomfort. Outdoor thermal stress can be mitigated substantially by properly orienting the canyons. It is crucial for the urban planners and designers to orient street canyons optimally considering variable local climatic context. It is important especially for cities in warm humid climatic context as these cities receive higher insolation with higher relative humidity and low level macro wind flow. This paper examines influence of canyon orientation on outdoor thermal comfort and proposes the optimum canyon orientation for the Rajarhat Newtown, Kolkata – a city in warm humid climate zone. Different scenarios are generated with different orientations. Change in air temperature, wind speed, Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) of different scenarios are compared to find out the optimum orientation by parametric simulation inENVI_met. Analysing the simulation results it is observed that orientation angle between 30°–60° to north performs the best for the study area of the Rajarhat Newtown. The findings of this research will be helpful for the planners to orient the street canyons optimally for future development and extension of the Rajarhat Newtown, Kolkata.
A Polish approach to FRP bridges
Authors: Siwowski Tomasz , Rajchel Mateusz 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The paper presents initial results of a new approach to FRP composite bridge construction that is presently being developed and tested in Poland. The concept combines lightweight concrete with FRP composites to create a durable highly optimised structure. The paper describes the bridge system itself and presents the research results on its development. The basic design is presented together with research results on its development: FEM analysis and a range of static test results of full-scale bridge beam experiments. The paper finishes with some test results of a full scale bridge that was constructed near Rzeszow in December 2015.
Initial research on recycled tyre bales for road infrastructure applications
Authors: Duda Aleksander , Sobala Dariusz 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The paper reviews selected surveys carried out within the R&D project, co-financed with the European Regional Development Fund, called “ReUse - Innovative Recycling Materials, Enhancing the Sustainability of Bridge Facilities” (Innotech No. K3 / IN3 / 38/228116 / NCBiR / 15). The aim of the project and conducted research is to develop and implement innovative, cheap and environmentally-friendly recycled construction material in the form of tyre bales made from compressed used car tyres. This material is likely to be applied in civil engineering, especially in transport infrastructure, geotechnical and hydraulic engineering. New material is cheap and has unique properties such as low weight, high water permeability, high vibration and noise-damping capacity, low pressure coefficient values and other parameters that technically and economically allow it to replace natural aggregates. The extensive practical application of new material will facilitate the replacement of waste management methods with the environmentally friendly ones.
Modeling of porous concrete elements under load
Authors: Demchyna B.H. , Famuliak Yu.Ye. , Demchyna Kh.B. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
It is known that cell concretes are almost immediately destroyed under load, having reached certain critical stresses. Such kind of destruction is called a “catastrophic failure”. Process of crack formation is one of the main factors, influencing process of concrete destruction. Modern theory of crack formation is mainly based on the Griffith theory of destruction. However, the mentioned theory does not completely correspond to the structure of cell concrete with its cell structure, because the theory is intended for a solid body. The article presents one of the possible variants of modelling of the structure of cell concrete and gives some assumptions concerning the process of crack formation in such hollow, not solid environment.
Facade renovation – replacement and restoration of the panels in a monument protected object
Authors: Novotný Michal 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article deals with problems of reconstruction of the facade and the associated problem of replacement or repair of the panels. In conventional buildings it is a smooth operation, but it is problematic in monument-protected objects. In the case of a common building, it is possible to choose any modern panels and simply replace them, but for historical objects we have to follow the claims and the rules of monument protection. In practice, it usually means the impossibility of use of modern panels, but at least a combination of old and modern technologies. Another possible solution to the problem is renovation, or repairs to the original state of the existing panels, of course with respect to the functionality of such panels. The implementation of such repairs must always be based on the technical and historical survey of the condition of the object and the repairs must be professionally designed. Subsequently, corrections are made, during which it is necessary to pay particular attention to observance of the technological procedures, rules and instructions particularly in terms of monument protection. However, the functionality of the works or elements made with regard to the quality of the environment within the building is not negligible. A common problem is the lack of control of technical requirements and functional requirements. Underestimation of the problems then leads to difficult repairs. The article points to the mistakes and problems of one such construction project on a historically protected chateau building.
Shearing Performance of Natural Matched Joints with Different Wall Strengths under Direct Shearing Tests
Authors: Li Yuanhui , Song Leibo , Jiang Quan , Yang Chengxiang , Liu Chang , Yang Bing 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Studying the effects of upper and lower joint wall strengths on shear behaviors is conducive to understanding the sliding problems of engineering masses, such as the contact surfaces of hard-soft composite strata. In this study, several types of soft-hard specimens with the same natural joint were cast using 3-D scanning technology and 3-D printing technology, and shearing tests were conducted on the specimens under different constant normal stresses. The results of the direct shear test showed that the deformation and shear strength characteristics of composite joints, including shear compaction, shear dilatancy, shear stiffness, peak shear strength, and failure characteristics, were affected by the compressive strengths of the upper and lower joint walls. The study also indicated that the shear damage of asperities occurred in both the hard and soft joint walls; the shear failure volume of the soft joint side accounted for a larger proportion of the total shear failure volume, which was strengthened with an increase in the wall strength coefficient (λσc). This finding explains why the joint roughness coefficient-joint compressive strength (JRC-JCS) formula has limitations in predicting the strength of soft-hard joints. To better predict the strength of soft-hard joints, a modified JRC-JCS formula for shear strength was proposed by considering the effects of upper and lower joint wall strengths on shear behaviors. Finally, we analyzed the mechanisms of three failure modes, including sliding wear, shearing failure, and sliding-shearing failure, and presented a reasonable explanation for different joint wall strengths causing different shear behaviors from a microscopic perspective.
Near Defect Free GaN Substrates
Authors: Porowski S. 
Published: January 2018

The current status of GaN crystallization under high nitrogen pressure will be presented. Both conductive and semi-insulating GaN crystals will be characterized.In particular the influence of Mg on the growth mechanisms will be discussed. The influence of Mg doping on morphology of Mg-doped crystals grown under pressure and Mg-doped homoepitaxial layers will be shown. It will be also shown that the addition of about 1 at.% of Mg into the solution improves significantly the structural quality of crystals reducing dislocation density at least by 3 orders of magnitude comparing to the crystals grown without an intentional doping. As it was estimated by selective wet etching and transmission electron microscopy the dislocation densities in the Mg-doped GaN is as low as 10 cm−1. The introduction of Mg also lowers the optical absorption coefficients for energies below fundamental edge by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude what is explained by disappearance of defect related states in the gap.The procedures for preparation of atomically flat epi-ready (000 1 ) surfaces without subsurface damage will be described. It will be shown that high quality homoepitaxial layers growing by monoatomic steps are possible on these substrates.