bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Management
Authors: Bonner-Jackson Aaron 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dementia is a worldwide public health concern and is expected to become more common as life expectancy increases. Although some risk factors for dementia cannot be changed, a significant percentage of dementia cases worldwide can be attributed to factors that may be modified. Such factors include aspects of diet, physical activity, sleep, cognitive and social stimulation, and emotional functioning. Some factors reflect lifelong habits or behaviors, and proactive management of such factors, beginning in mid-life or earlier, is deemed to be crucial to reducing risk for development of dementia in older age. Additionally, interventions that address several factors simultaneously appear most successful in reducing dementia risk.
Chaperones and Personal Privacy
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abstract: Using chaperones in healthcare examinations to aid comfort and respect for the patient’s dignity should not be underestimated. Patients should be given the choice to have a family member or non-family member chaperone present, and all institutional and legal requirements for chaperone use should be disclosed. Privacy should be provided for undressing, and the examination should not violate the patient’s dignity. Confidential patient information should not be discussed in the presence of the chaperone or family members unless there is explicit patient permission to do so to avoid Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) confidentiality violations. Communication between the patient and practitioner must allow for a private conversation to discuss confidential information freely. Chaperones and privacy are crucial for healthcare, and HIPAA confidentiality requirements must be respected.
Errors
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abstract: The patient–practitioner relationship is built on trust and confidentiality of protected health information. The patient has the right to be informed about all healthcare errors that may affect their healthcare and make an informed consent decision; violating this right violates the patient’s autonomy legal, professional, and moral rights. The practitioner’s professional principles of beneficence (do good) and nonmaleficence (do no harm) require that errors be disclosed in a timely manner to maximize the patient’s best interests. As a matter of justice, the patient has the right to know about healthcare errors, and the practitioner has a duty to report errors to the institution so an institutional root cause analysis can occur. Failure to disclose healthcare errors and report them to the institution is a legal, professional, moral, and institutional policy violation. The practitioner has a professional and moral obligation to disclose healthcare errors.
Gifts
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abstract: The gift-giving tradition is common in human societies and is used to develop social bonds and express gratitude. Practitioners should accept low-value token gifts and cards from patients. However, gifts that compromise a patient’s autonomy, the practitioner’s professional principles, or the relationship between the patient and the practitioner must not be accepted. Industry gifts meant to buy influence should also be declined. Exceptions can be made for gifts that benefit patients or fund healthcare education as long as the industry has no influence on the educational content. Practitioners must decline gifts that violate social justice and decrease society’s trust in the healthcare profession.
Impaired Practitioner
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abstract: Recognizing and reporting impaired practitioners to protect patients and maintain public trust in the healthcare profession is a professional obligation. Practitioners have a mandatory duty to report an impaired colleague, and it is considered best practice to seek counsel from other colleagues and institutional officials before reporting. Reporting practitioners are protected from liability if they are acting in good faith, honestly, and without malice. Practitioners are also obligated to help an impaired colleague get the necessary healthcare and rehabilitation. The health and wellness of practitioners are essential for fulfilling professional obligations of maximizing patients’ best interests. The mandatory duty to report an impaired practitioner reduces individual liberty but promotes patient autonomy. The duty to report is a professional obligation and a matter of public justice to maintain social trust in the healthcare profession.
Reportable Infections and Illnesses
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The reporting of reportable infections and illnesses in the United States is divided into four categories: written, telephone, number of cases, and cancer registry. Practitioners have a patient-centered obligation to maximize the patient’s best interests while adhering to the principles of beneficence (do good) and nonmaleficence (do no harm). The practitioner must disclose their legal and professional obligation to report to the patient, but if informed consent is not obtained, the practitioner must report the minimum information required to the proper authorities. Public policies protect individual rights and liberties and promote equitable opportunities for all citizens. Failure to report a communicable infection is a misdemeanor punishable with a fine and up to 90 days imprisonment. The practitioner must balance their duty to promote patient autonomy and confidentiality with their legal obligation to report and warn those at risk of harm.
Suicide risk in Latin America: International migrants, prison populations, and sexual minorities
Authors: Mundt Adrian P. , Fritz Francesco D. , Cabieses Báltica 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter informs about suicide risk, suicidal behaviour, and suicide prevention in social minority groups in Latin America. The populations addressed in this chapter are heterogeneous: international migrants, prison populations, and sexual minorities. They have in common that their conditions are stigmatized in many cultures, which can lead to rejection, discrimination, and marginalization in society. Those social stressors can increase the prevalence of mental health problems. As a consequence of marginalization and administrative barriers, access to health systems may be reduced. The number of international migrants in Latin America has increased in the context of political crises and natural disasters. Prison populations have more than doubled in Latin America in the past two decades, and suicide risk is highly prevalent. Legal rights of sexual and gender minorities have recently improved in Latin America, while the experience of discrimination and violence is still common.
Mass media and suicide in low- and middle-income countries: Learnings from India
Authors: Armstrong Gregory , Vijayakumar Lakshmi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Responsible media reporting of suicides is one of the key pillars of suicide prevention, for which the World Health Organization has prescribed media guidelines. However, most of the evidence supporting this intervention is based on research from a small number of high-income countries. This chapter discusses findings from research into media and suicide in India, including the impact of culture and colonial legacies on media reporting, and the need to understand the broader ecosystem within which media reporting takes place. The chapter highlights the need for nuance and care to be taken to ensure successful local implementation of media guidelines.
Introduction
Authors: Prineas Stavros , Smith Andrew F. , Tan Suyin G.M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Good communication is integral to managing the scale and complexity of modern clinical practice. It is a sociotechnical endeavour—a way to convey technical information, meaning, and intent, but also a way to share and connect with others; a means to an end, but also an end in itself. Anaesthesia has come a very long way since the 1840s. The advent of more selective drugs, coupled with ever more sophisticated technology, has made the practice of anaesthesia safer, yet also more complicated. This chapter introduces the reader to the idea of communication, the various ways it can be conceptualized, its impact on anaesthetists in their various roles, and how it can be structured for the purposes of skills training.
Narrative and metaphor in anaesthesia
Authors: Shafer Audrey 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The practice of anaesthesia is narrative based: the arc of an anaesthetic has a beginning, middle, and end, with important prefatory and epilogue sections. Communication between patient and anaesthetist or between colleagues is also frequently story-based, requiring a knowledge of context, lexicon, setting, individuals, etc. Tropes such as metaphor are a natural part of language. Even once a patient is anaesthetized, our language is replete with metaphor, such as the translation of a patient’s vital signs into visual and auditory forms of the up-down metaphor. Exploring metaphor helps us understand objectification of the patient into, for example, a container, yet also benefits our understanding of concepts such as how anaesthesia works. Because language informs how we think and also impacts others, it is critical to reflect on the surface and embedded meanings of what we say.
Consent
Authors: Simmons Scott W. , Cyna Allan M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Striving to disentangle the entwined elements of consent, including law, ethics and autonomy, ‘GREAT’ and ‘LAURS’ are discussed in this chapter to underline the pre-eminence of effective communication as central to all. It is emphasized that in day-to-day clinical practice, there can be a shift in the informed consent discussion from a one-sided problem-based interaction, the purpose of which is to defend the doctor and organization against litigation, to one where the patient–doctor communication is mutually solution-focused and has therapeutic value. This emphasizes that consent can be achieved and then maintained beyond a single pre-procedure meeting by creating a sense of common purpose and a therapeutic alliance that encompasses both outcome and process. It is further highlighted how utilizing this perspective can guide how much, and in what form, information could be provided in relation to clinical risk and avoid unnecessary harm secondary to the nocebo effect.
Variation in Mpox Vaccine Coverage in the United States: Influence of Political Orientation and Public Health Resources
Authors: Kang HeeEun , Rovelsky Suzette , Kang Nam Hoon , Talbot Elizabeth A , Murphy Richard A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
During the 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the United States, the federal government distributed mpox vaccines to individual states. Significant variation in vaccine coverage was noted across states. State-level factors associated with higher vaccine coverage were Democratic political orientation, higher public health spending, higher proportion of at-risk population, and higher mpox cases.
Is Iteration an Object of Intuition?
Authors: Bentzen Bruno 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In ‘Intuition, iteration, induction’, Mark van Atten argues that iteration is an object of intuition for Brouwer and explains the intuitive character of the act of iteration drawing from Husserl’s phenomenology. I find the arguments for this reading of Brouwer unconvincing. In this note I set out some issues with his claim that iteration is an object of intuition and his Husserlian explication of iteration. In particular, I argue that van Atten does not accomplish his goals due to tensions with Brouwer’s comments on second-order mathematics and because Husserl does not understand the experience of succession as Brouwer does.
Anhedonia Across and Beyond the Schizophrenia Spectrum
Authors: Chan Raymond C K , Wang Ling-ling , Huang Jia , Wang Yi , Lui Simon S Y 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Anhedonia refers to the diminished ability to experience pleasure, and is a core feature of schizophrenia (SCZ). The neurocognitive and neural correlates of anhedonia remain elusive. Based on several influential theoretical models for negative symptoms, this selective review proposed four important neurocognitive domains, which may unveil the neurobiological mechanisms of anhedonia. The authors critically reviewed the current evidence regarding value representation of reward, prospection, emotion-behavior decoupling, and belief updating in the Chinese setting, covering both behavioral and neuroimaging research. We observed a limited application of the transdiagnostic approach in previous studies on the four domains, and the lack of adequate measures to tap into the expressivity deficit in SCZ. Despite many behavioral paradigms for these four domains utilized both social and non-social stimuli, previous studies seldom focused on the social-versus-non-social differentiation. We further advocated several important directions for future research.
Homocysteine metabolites impair the PHF8/H4K20me1/mTOR/autophagy pathway by upregulating the expression of histone demethylase PHF8‐targeting microRNAs in human vascular endothelial cells and mice
Authors: Witucki Łukasz , Jakubowski Hieronim 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe inability to efficiently metabolize homocysteine (Hcy) due to nutritional and genetic deficiencies, leads to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of atherosclerosis which underpins cardiovascular disease (CVD). PHF8 is a histone demethylase that demethylates H4K20me1, which affects the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and autophagy, processes that play important roles in CVD. PHF8 is regulated by microRNA (miR) such as miR‐22‐3p and miR‐1229‐3p. Biochemically, HHcy is characterized by elevated levels of Hcy, Hcy‐thiolactone and N‐Hcy‐protein. Here, we examined the effects of these metabolites on miR‐22‐3p, miR‐1229‐3p, and their target PHF8, as well as on the downstream consequences of these effects on H4K20me1, mTOR‐, and autophagy‐related proteins and mRNAs expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). We found that treatments with N‐Hcy‐protein, Hcy‐thiolactone, or Hcy upregulated miR‐22‐3p and miR‐1229‐3p, attenuated PHF8 expression, upregulated H4K20me1, mTOR, and phospho‐mTOR. Autophagy‐related proteins (BECN1, ATG5, ATG7, lipidated LC3‐II, and LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio) were significantly downregulated by at least one of these metabolites. We also found similar changes in the expression of miR‐22‐3p, Phf8, mTOR‐ and autophagy‐related proteins/mRNAs in vivo in hearts of Cbs−/− mice, which show severe HHcy and endothelial dysfunction. Treatments with inhibitors of miR‐22‐3p or miR‐1229‐3p abrogated the effects of Hcy‐thiolactone, N‐Hcy‐protein, and Hcy on miR expression and on PHF8, H4K20me1, mTOR‐, and autophagy‐related proteins/mRNAs in HUVEC. Taken together, these findings show that Hcy metabolites upregulate miR‐22‐3p and miR‐1229‐3p expression, which then dysregulate the PHF8/H4K20me1/mTOR/autophagy pathway, important for vascular homeostasis.
The Epstein–Barr virus small capsid protein BFRF3 disrupts the NF‐кB signaling pathway by inhibiting p65 activity
Authors: Li Meili , Li Yiwen , Liu Yintao , Li Xiaoqing , Lao Shuxian , Long Zhiwei , Huang Chen , Huang Wenzhuo , Xu Chunyan , Chen Xinru , Adam Fathalrhman Eisa Addoma , Zhang Guirong , Li Linhai , Zhang Jian , Peng Tao , Su Meiting , Chen Shengwen , Hou Shaozhen , Xiao Bin , Cai Mingsheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV), a common gamma herpesvirus, establishes a life‐long latent infection in the host to defend against innate immune recognition, which is closely related to a variety of malignant tumors, but its specific mechanism is unclear. BFRF3, an EBV‐encoded small capsid protein, is mainly involved in the assembly of the viral capsid structure and the maintenance of its stability. Here, we showed that BFRF3 can inhibit TNF‐α‐mediated NF‐кB promoter activation. Moreover, BFRF3 downregulates NF‐кB‐mediated promoter activation and transcription of inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐6 and IL‐8. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that BFRF3 restrains NF‐кB promoter activity at or below the p65 level, and coimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed that BFRF3 not only interacts with p65 but also binds to its critical truncated Rel homology domain (RHD) and transcriptional activation domain (TAD). However, BFRF3 does not affect the dimerization of p65‐p50, but overexpression of BFRF3 reduces the nuclear accumulation of p65, and the phosphorylation of p65 (Ser536) is repressed during BFRF3 transfection and EBV lytic infection, which promotes the proliferation of EBV. Overall, our study suggested that BFRF3 may play a crucial role in antiviral immunity to defend against EBV infection by inhibiting NF‐κB activity.
Physical Therapist Faculty Perceptions of Barriers Related to High Fidelity Simulation Manikins
Authors: Thomas René , Wiley Steve , Borrero Lisa , Greenwood Kristin 
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose:
The purpose of this basic interpretive qualitative study was to explore physical therapist faculty members’ perceptions of barriers related to teaching with high fidelity simulation (HFS) manikins within the Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) curriculum.

Case Description:
Eight physical therapist faculty members with no experience teaching with HFS manikins participated in semi-structured one-on-one interviews to understand their perceptions of barriers to this type of HFS as a teaching methodology within the DPT curriculum.

Outcomes:
Three overarching themes arose through qualitative analysis, which describe participants’ perceptions. Major themes were: (1) HFS manikins are unnecessary to achieve course objectives; (2) HFS manikins are not human; and (3) Teaching with HFS manikins may not be worth the effort.

Discussion and Conclusion:
The findings of this study can assist DPT programs, faculty, and Program Directors consider including HFS manikins into the curriculum by increasing awareness of potential barriers among those individuals who have not taught with HFS manikins. Further research is warranted to continue to explore the evolving role this technology has in the DPT curriculum.
A Pilot Non-Inferiority Study of Effectiveness of Face-to-Face Versus Virtual Reality on Undergraduate Physiotherapy Students’ Confidence and Self-Efficacy With Tracheostomy Skills
Authors: Twose Paul , Hawker Clare , Bendall Amy 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
The number of tracheostomies performed annually in resource-rich countries is estimated at 250 000. Without adequate training, staff caring for patients with tracheostomies can feel underprepared, lacking both competence and confidence. Training is essential to support both patients and health care staff but is often sporadic and nonstandardized and rarely includes those at preregistration level. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential for delivering a newly developed virtual reality (VR)-based tracheostomy education with traditional face-to-face teaching to undergraduate physiotherapy students.

Methods:
A pilot non-inferiority study with randomization of interventions comparing traditional face-to-face teaching with a VR-based tracheostomy education program. The content of both training approaches was standardized and based on local existing education content. The primary outcome was changes in knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy.

Results:
Thirty-nine undergraduate physiotherapy students were recruited, with 18 (47.4%) receiving tracheostomy training via VR. All participants demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy when comparing pre- and posttraining. A greater change was observed in those receiving VR-based training although not statistically significant. Additional results showed a reduction in facilitator activity during the VR sessions but a requirement for technical support.

Conclusions:
VR-based tracheostomy training is equivocal to face-to-face training for increasing undergraduate students’ knowledge, self-efficacy, and confidence. There may be additional benefits of VR-based training including reduced facilitator training time, but these need to be further assessed considering the technical support required for immersive technology.
Team-Led Empowerment
Authors: Hughes Maria V. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Individual states are becoming proactive in addressing the gaps in knowledge about newborns experiencing opioid withdrawal syndrome (ie, Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome [NOWS]) through interdisciplinary efforts, perinatal learning collaboratives, and quality improvement initiatives.

Methods:
Descriptive statistics and a repeated measures analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. The 5-step project implemented a team-led, evidence-based, nursing intervention toolkit. This project was completed in a Midwest, nonprofit, level III neonatal intensive care hospital serving a high-minority, low-income demographic. The participants included 38 registered nurses.

Intervention:
A team-led initiative that developed a specialized toolkit aligned with the Indiana Perinatal Substance Use Practice Bundle. A pre-and posttraining assessment survey called “The Assessment of Nursing Knowledge and Self-Efficacy Related to NOWS” was developed to determine baseline knowledge and an increase in self-efficacy and knowledge. An educational curriculum intervention for onboarding new hires and completion of annual competencies was introduced.

Results:
Posttraining, knowledge increased, and self-efficacy scores improved by 0.85 points. The curriculum change integrated the toolkit into consistent onboarding and annual competencies.

Conclusion:
This comprehensive approach empowers nurses by equipping them with the skills and confidence necessary to provide quality care resulting in improved neonatal outcomes. Adopting a team-driven intervention for onboarding and annual competencies reinforce a dedication to continuous improvement and excellence in standards of care for newborns and their families.