bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Insight into African Swine Fever Virus A179L-Mediated Inhibition of Apoptosis
Authors: Banjara Suresh , Caria Sofia , Dixon Linda K. , Hinds Mark G. , Kvansakul Marc 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Programmed cell death is a tightly controlled process critical for the removal of damaged or infected cells. Pro- and antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family are pivotal mediators of this process. African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus, the only member of the
Asfarviridae
family, and harbors A179L, a putative Bcl-2 like protein. A179L has been shown to bind to several proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins; however, the hierarchy of binding and the structural basis for apoptosis inhibition are currently not understood. We systematically evaluated the ability of A179L to bind proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members and show that A179L is the first antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein to bind to all major death-inducing mammalian Bcl-2 proteins. We then defined the structural basis for apoptosis inhibition of A179L by determining the crystal structures of A179L bound to both Bid and Bax BH3 motifs. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding for the potent antiapoptotic activity of A179L by identifying it as the first panprodeath Bcl-2 binder and serve as a platform for more-detailed investigations into the role of A179L during ASFV infection.

IMPORTANCE
Numerous viruses have acquired strategies to subvert apoptosis by encoding proteins capable of sequestering proapoptotic host proteins. African swine fever virus (ASFV), a large DNA virus and the only member of the
Asfarviridae
family, encodes the protein A179L, which functions to prevent apoptosis. We show that A179L is unusual among antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in being able to physically bind to all core death-inducing mammalian Bcl-2 proteins. Currently, little is known regarding the molecular interactions between A179L and the proapoptotic Bcl-2 members. Using the crystal structures of A179L bound to two of the identified proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, Bid and Bax, we now provide a three-dimensional (3D) view of how A179L sequesters host proapoptotic proteins, which is crucial for subverting premature host cell apoptosis.
Association of cannabis use with the development of elevated anxiety symptoms in the general population: a meta-analysis
Authors: Twomey Conal D 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThe directionality and magnitude of the association of cannabis use with elevated anxiety symptoms in the general population is unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association of cannabis use with the development of elevated anxiety symptoms in the general population.MethodsA ‘random effects’ meta-analysis of prospective longitudinal studies was undertaken in line with Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Six databases were systematically searched up until 20 May 2016: PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Social Science Citation Index and System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE). Searching ceased on 20 May 2016. The exposure was cannabis use (or use frequency), measured at baseline and the outcome was anxiety, using diagnosis or cut-off points on standardised scales measuring symptoms.ResultsThe main analysis (k=10; N=58 538) demonstrated an association of cannabis use with anxiety, with a very small OR of 1.15 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.29). Restricting the analysis to high-quality studies (k=5) decreased the OR considerably (OR=1.04; 95% CI 0.91 to 1.19), as did adjusting for publication bias (OR=1.08; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.23). Studies with a baseline in the last 10 years yielded a lower pooled OR than studies with an earlier baseline and studies set in the Americas yielded a markedly higher pooled OR than European studies and Australasian studies.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that cannabis use is no more than a minor risk factor for the development of elevated anxiety symptoms in the general population. They may inform the debate surrounding the legalisation of cannabis.
No Association between Radiation Dose from Pediatric CT Scans and Risk of Subsequent Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Berrington de Gonzalez Amy , Journy Neige , Lee Choonsik , Morton Lindsay M. , Harbron Richard W. , Stewart Douglas R. , Parker Louise , Craft Alan W. , McHugh Kieran , Little Mark P. , Pearce Mark S. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Background: We examined the relationship between estimated radiation dose from CT scans and subsequent Hodgkin lymphoma in the UK pediatric CT scans cohort.
Methods: A retrospective, record linkage cohort included patients ages 0 to 21 years who underwent CT scans between 1980 and 2002 and were followed up for cancer or death until 2008. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between estimated radiation dose (lagged by 2 years) and incident Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed at least 2 years after the first CT scan.
Results: There were 65 incident cases of Hodgkin lymphoma in the cohort of 178,601 patients. Neither estimated red bone marrow dose nor mean lymphocyte dose from CT scans was clearly associated with an increased risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (RR for 20+ mGy vs. &lt;5 mGy = 0.92 (0.38–2.22) Ptrend &gt; 0.5 and 1.44 (0.60–3.48) Ptrend &gt; 0.5), respectively.
Conclusions: Radiation exposure from pediatric CT scans 2 or more years before diagnosis was not associated with Hodgkin lymphoma in this large UK cohort.
Impact: These findings are consistent with the majority of previous studies, which do not support a link between ionizing radiation and Hodgkin lymphoma. The results contrast our previous positive findings in this cohort for brain tumors and leukemia, both of which are known to be strongly linked to radiation exposure during childhood. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(5); 804–6. ©2017 AACR.
Blocking Tumor-Educated MSC Paracrine Activity Halts Osteosarcoma Progression
Authors: Baglio S. Rubina , Lagerweij Tonny , Pérez-Lanzón Maria , Ho Xuan Dung , Léveillé Nicolas , Melo Sonia A. , Cleton-Jansen Anne-Marie , Jordanova Ekaterina S. , Roncuzzi Laura , Greco Michelina , van Eijndhoven Monique A.J. , Grisendi Giulia , Dominici Massimo , Bonafede Roberta , Lougheed Sinead M. , de Gruijl Tanja D. , Zini Nicoletta , Cervo Silvia , Steffan Agostino , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Martson Aare , Maasalu Katre , Köks Sulev , Wurdinger Tom , Baldini Nicola , Pegtel D. Michiel 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Human osteosarcoma is a genetically heterogeneous bone malignancy with poor prognosis despite the employment of aggressive chemotherapy regimens. Because druggable driver mutations have not been established, dissecting the interactions between osteosarcoma cells and supporting stroma may provide insights into novel therapeutic targets.
Experimental Design: By using a bioluminescent orthotopic xenograft mouse model of osteosarcoma, we evaluated the effect of tumor extracellular vesicle (EV)–educated mesenchymal stem cells (TEMSC) on osteosarcoma progression. Characterization and functional studies were designed to assess the mechanisms underlying MSC education. Independent series of tissue specimens were analyzed to corroborate the preclinical findings, and the composition of patient serum EVs was analyzed after isolation with size-exclusion chromatography.
Results: We show that EVs secreted by highly malignant osteosarcoma cells selectively incorporate a membrane-associated form of TGFβ, which induces proinflammatory IL6 production by MSCs. TEMSCs promote tumor growth, accompanied with intratumor STAT3 activation and lung metastasis formation, which was not observed with control MSCs. Importantly, intravenous administration of the anti-IL6 receptor antibody tocilizumab abrogated the tumor-promoting effects of TEMSCs. RNA-seq analysis of human osteosarcoma tissues revealed a distinct TGFβ-induced prometastatic gene signature. Tissue microarray immunostaining indicated active STAT3 signaling in human osteosarcoma, consistent with the observations in TEMSC-treated mice. Finally, we isolated pure populations of EVs from serum and demonstrated that circulating levels of EV-associated TGFβ are increased in osteosarcoma patients.
Conclusions: Collectively, our findings suggest that TEMSCs promote osteosarcoma progression and provide the basis for testing IL6- and TGFβ-blocking agents as new therapeutic options for osteosarcoma patients. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3721–33. ©2017 AACR.
Nos limites entre o real e o ficcional: A AIDS na obra de Caio Fernando Abreu
Authors: Silva Letícia Gonçalves Ozório 
Published: January 2017

Na década de 1980, a descoberta do vírus HIV e a epidemia da AIDS causaram grande espanto na população mundial. Os preconceitos, a exploração midiática e a falta de amparo científico sobre o assunto levaram a literatura brasileira daquela época a se manifestar de forma um tanto retraída. Nesse contexto, surge Caio Fernando Abreu, escritor gaúcho, com textos de caráter intimista que retratavam a doença de forma emocional e chocante, conquistando muitos leitores e marcando a literatura brasileira dessa época. Objetiva-se aqui reconhecer a produção literária intimista de Caio Fernando Abreu como retratista de um momento histórico, usando como base as crônicas “Cartas para além dos muros” (2006) e o conto “Depois de Agosto” (2011), atentando para o caráter autoficcional da narrativa, e não autobiográfico como costuma ser classificada.
A Participação Judaica na Cartografia Medieval Maiorquina
Authors: Nogueira Magali Gomes 
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar considerações a respeito das fontes utilizadas para a construção do Padrão Portulano, gênero cartográfico entendido como de vital importância para o desenvolvimento da ciência cartográfica, uma vez que essa construção resulta de um longo processo de compilação e comprovação de dados astronômicos e geográficos que foram sendo acumulados pelos estudiosos desde o inicio da escrita. Sendoconsiderado como um “Renascimento Cultural”, o momento de sua produção, os séculos XIII e XIV foi marcado por um intenso processo de Disputas entre as tradições que contribuíram para sua realização, os islâmicos, hebreus e cristãos. Disputas estas que se encontram em forma de livros e textos representados nas bibliotecas encontradas em Maiorca, entendida como local da última etapa desta produção, materializada no famoso “Atlas Catalão” e nasCartas Portulano maiorquinas.
Besseter Raam de Mêndele Mocher Sfórim e o Renascimento da Língua Hebraica
Authors: Steinberg Gabriel 
Published: January 2017

O surgimento da Haskalá no final do século XVIII foi o fato que possibilitou o renascimento da literatura hebraica de caráter secular e que, posteriormente, permitiu o renascimento dohebraico falado na Terra de Israel. Os escritores da Haskalá enriqueceram a língua com novas palavras e expressões e a aproximaram da modernidade. Foi o escritor Mêndele MocherSfórim que, ao utilizar um estílo eclético, ajudou a transformar o hebraico em idioma literário, retirando-o do pedestal de sacralidade em que se encontrou durante 1800 anos.
Pertencimento estético: colunas de jornal de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Von Wedemeyer Catarina 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo compara as colunas semanais que Clarice Lispector escreveu para o Jornal do Brasil entre 1967 e 1973. Estas colunas têm diferentes dimensões e abordam diversos tópicos. A autora nelas mistura diferentes características genéricas e cria um gênero próprio. Pode-se encontrar estruturas narrativas ou características típicas de ensaios filosóficos, combinadas com imagens poéticas, formulações míticas e alusões intertextuais. Ao dominar todas estas diferentes vozes, Lispector desenvolve uma forma artística que lhe permite “pertencer a si mesma”, como ela escreve numa de suas colunas. Este artigo sugere que estamos aqui lidando com algo mais: ao criar sua própria existência por meio do texto, e ao fazer da forma textual um assunto pessoal, Lispector está, ao mesmo tempo, escrevendo contra a ideologia da ditadura militar no Brasil, e respondendo a seu discurso monológico com uma vasta pluralidade de pensamentos.
"Ut Rhetorica Musica" - Análise do Moteto "O Vos Omnes" a dois coros, de Manoel Dias de Oliveira
Authors: Dottori Maurício 
Published: January 2017

Na fase inicial do barroco, quando as cadências exigidas pela retórica musical, com fins expressivos, tornaram-se freqüentes, um número significativo de teóricos, em sua maioria alemães, tomaram emprestada a terminologia das figuras da retórica clássica, tendo em vista as tradicionais (ainda que genéricas) afinidades entre a música e a retórica, para explicar de forma racional as licenças praticadas pelos compositores de então. Na medida em que, durante o período barroco, as "figurae" musicais, que foram liberdades tomadas sobre os limites da teoria do contraponto - teoria que nada mais é do que a classificação sistemática dos intervalos melódicos e harmônicos e das suas possíveis combinações e progressões -, foram se tornando habituais, cada vez menos houve necessidade de justificá-las através de uma comparação com a retórica clássica. Tampouco os manuais de baixo contínuo jamais ganharam importância como base teórica para as novas composições, mas foram sempre uma espécie de auxílio técnico para elas, justificando (contrapontisticamente) as partes intermediárias deixadas sem escrever. Aquilo que os teóricos alemães haviam racionalizado tornara-se parte do ofício de todo compositor. Se Manoel Dias de Oliveira fez ou não uso de alguma terminologia, é impossível de se determinar, e a resposta provável é não; mas, que ele enfatizava a retórica musical torna-se óbvio na análise de um único moteto seu, o "O vos omnes", pertencente ao grupo de "Motetos de Passos", a dois coros, flautas, trompas e baixo.
Período Romântico Brasileiro: Alguns Aspectos da Produção Camerística
Authors: Volpe Maria Alice 
Published: January 2017

O século XIX foi um período importante no desenvolvimento da música no Brasil. Até então fomentada muito especialmente pela Igreja, a música conquistou, a partir daí, novos ambientes de cultivo. Desenvolveu-se toda uma rede de atividades correlacionadas à presença da música na vida urbana: o ensino, os clubes musicais, os teatros, as salas de concerto, os periódicos especializados, a crítica musical, as obras teóricas, o movimento editorial e a importação e fabricação de instrumentos musicais. Esse processo de secularização da música no Brasil, que se iniciou com a ópera, dentre outros gêneros, manifestou-se também na música instrumental a partir da segunda metade do século. Nesse campo, a música para piano solo e sinfônica recebeu maior atenção nos compêndios posteriores de história da música brasileira. A escassez de informações e comentários sobre a música de câmara de autores românticos brasileiros induziu à impressão de que tal produção tivesse sido igualmente escassa. Não podemos irreverentemente desvalorizar a bibliografia que até agora enfocou o período (Renato Almeida, Vincenzo Cernicchiaro, Isa Queirós Santos, Luís Heitor, Vasco Mariz, Enciclopédia da Música Brasileira e outros). Entretanto, tal problema foi abordado de forma não sistematizada e uma série de lacunas, imprecisões e até mesmo discordância de informações têm dificultado o acesso a esse conjunto de obras. Chama a atenção a inexistência de uma obra de caráter referencial que o assunto demanda. Parece ter predominado, ainda, certa negligência num passado recente, no que diz respeito à preservação, reprodução, editoração e execução desse repertório. Grande parte dessa documentação musical tem permanecido inédita e esquecida nos arquivos, bibliotecas e coleções particulares, à deriva do tempo e até em condições insuficientes de conservação. Tratando-se, portanto, de assunto amplo e inexplorado, propusemo-nos à elaboração de um trabalho de caráter referencial, que oferecesse elementos para a identificação e localização de obras do período. O projeto que desenvolvemos consiste num estudo sistemático da produção camerística romântica brasileira e a elaboração de um catálogo das obras arroladas. O período romântico foi escolhido por representar o primeiro momento significativo desse gênero de composição no Brasil.
Thickness and Evaluation
Authors: Eklund Matti 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This is a review essay devoted to Pekka Väyrynen’s The Rude, the Lewd and the Nasty. Väyrynen’s book, concerned with thick terms and thick concepts, argues for a pragmatic view on the evaluativeness associated with these terms and concepts. The essay raises a number of critical questions regarding what Väyrynen’s arguments for his view actually show. It deals with, for example, thick properties, the fact-value distinction, what it is for terms and concepts to be (semantically) evaluative, and whether Väyrynen’s arguments generalize to thin evaluative concepts.
The Anatomic Location of Neck Metastasis from Occult Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Johnson Jonas T. , Newman Richard K. 
Published: January 2017

It has been axiomatic among head and neck surgeons that open biopsy of cervical nodes will jeopardize patients having squamous cell carcinoma. The inappropriate biopsy of a squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to a cervical node will statistically double both the subsequent rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis.There is no reliable method to clearly distinguish a cervical node involved with squamous cell carcinoma from adenopathy of other sources. Because of this, all patients with cervical adenopathy are evaluated with the time honored approach of careful visualization and palpation of the upper aerodigestive tract prior to open biopsy. The extent of this evaluation is often judgmental.A review of patients with cervical adenopathy of unknown origin and who had a tissue diagnosis, shows that node location is the most helpful parameter for predicting eventual histopathology. Nodes in the jugulodigastric, digestive, and anterior cervical regions have a probability of 19% and 12%, respectively, of being a squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple adenopathies in the supraclavicular and posterior cervical areas are frequently malignant (84% and 61% respectively), however, these are usually either lymphoma or infraclavicular metastasis.
Surgical Palatomaxilloschisis: An Avenue to the Pterygomaxillary Space
Authors: Tenta Louis T. , Caldarelli David D. , Keyes Geoffrey R. 
Published: January 2017

The pterygomaxillary space (PMS) is a potential reservoir for expansion of the neoplasms originating in the epipharynx. Palatotomic and mandibulotomic approaches to this secluded site have been reported.The advantages of surgical palatomaxilloschisis are twofold. First, the exposure of the operative field is panoramic. Second, the carotid arterial system is identifiable prior to surgical intervention.The triangular pterygomaxillary recess is bounded superiorly by the greater wing of the sphenoid, posteriorly by the pterygoid process and anteriorly by the dorsal convexity of the posterior wall of the maxilla. Ascending laterally to the PMS in its route to penetrate the temporal bone is the internal carotid artery.In Particular, juvenile angiofibromas which originate in the epipharynx may in their growth encroach upon the bounds of the PMS. The surgical objective is not only to extirpate the neoplasm but also to safeguard the carotid arterial system which may be displaced by the new growth and thereby become a surgical hazard.A clinical experience illustrates the applicability of this approach.
Dextranomer (Debrisan)
Authors: Koopmann Charles F. , Coulthard Stanley W. 
Published: January 2017

CHAIRMAN'S COMMENTS: The management of open and infected wounds is one of those disagreeable tasks that face all surgeons. Infected wounds in the head and neck require extensive nursing care and are associated with high morbidity and an appreciable incidence of mortality.Koopmann and Coulthard, from the University of Arizona, relate their experiences with a new agent, Dextranomer (Debrisan), that has shown remarkable ability for cleaning and debriding infected wounds. This material will be of interest to all otolaryngologists who deal with this problem.
Flamingo Forceps for Use in Microscopic Antrostomy
Authors: Dixon Hamilton S. 
Published: January 2017

The Flamingo forceps is an upbiting cup forceps with an angulated shaft of 73/8 in for use in the maxillary sinus using the operating microscope. The design is such that the surgeon's hand is not in the line of vision and the instrument can be used on the right or left side and in various directions.
Evaluation of Systemic Absorption of Intraturbinally Injected Triamcinolone
Authors: Mabry Richard L. 
Published: January 2017

As measured by depression of plasma Cortisol following intranasal injection of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide, slight systemic absorption was evident after three days in approximately 60% of patients studied, with some depression of plasma Cortisol lasting up to one week in 30% of patients studied. However, Cortisol values were not lowered below normal limits at any time. No adrenal suppression was apparent after repeated injections. Comparison is made with the effect on plasma Cortisol of triamcinolone administered by intramuscular or intra‐articular injection.
Detailed Investigation of Alaryngeal Speech to Elucidate Etiology of Variation in Quality
Authors: Kelly David R. , Adamovich Brenda L.B. , Roberts Thomas A. 
Published: January 2017

Multiple parameters in the postlaryngectomy patient were statistically investigated with regard to acquisition and quality of alaryngeal speech. The 15 most significant variables are discussed. Esophageal peristalsis occurred during attempts to inject air for vocalization in 100% of the poor or nonspeakers. This may serve as an early indication to proceed with a synthetic vocal prosthesis.
Otospongiosis: Morphologic and Microchemical Investigation after Naf‐Treatment
Authors: Bretlau Paul , Hansen Hans Jørgen , Causse Jean , Causse Jean‐Bernard 
Published: January 2017

Element analysis of microareas of otospongiotic specimens is described. A total of 36 otospongiotic stapes are ultrasectioned without decalcification and examined using a transmission and a scanning electron microscope (STEM‐mode). The latter was equipped with an energy dispersive x‐ray analyzer. Twenty of the stapes came from patients who have had sodium fluoride (NaF) treatment (15 to 45 mg/day) for a minimum of 12 months. The otospongiotic stapes are classified as spongiotic and sclerotic according to their pathologic characteristics and state of mineralization. Using the Ca/P ratio as criterion—measured by the characteristic x‐ray fluorescence—it was shown in a blind study that the NaF‐treated otospongiotic stapes had a statistically higher Ca/P ratio, indicating that the fluoride may stabilize otospongiotic lesions, particularly the spongiotic type with unstable mineralization.
Internal Carotid Artery as Source of Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy Hemorrhage
Authors: Osguthorpe J. David , Adkins Warren Y. , Putney F. Johnson , Hungerford G. Douglas 
Published: January 2017

There is a 1% incidence of congenital internal carotid tortuosity, which places this vessel into apposition with the superior pharyngeal constrictor instead of its usual location 2 to 3 cm lateral to it. Two angiographically documented cases are reported and the embryologic cause of this anomaly is discussed. Palpation of the pharyngeal wall prior to tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy is recommended.
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Olsen Kerry D. , Devine Kenneth D. , Weiland Louis H. 
Published: January 2017

From 1950 through 1975, 54 patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity were treated at the Mayo Clinic. Metastatic disease occurred in 13 patients; nine patients died of their disease. Mucoepidermoid tumors of the hard palate should be treated by partial maxillectomy. Complete neck dissection is necessary for tumors larger than 2 cm in the base of the tongue. Other intraoral mucoepidermoid carcinomas are treated by wide surgical excision.