bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcome, Social Impact and Patient Expectation: a Purposive Sampling Pilot Evaluation of Patients in Benin Seven Years After Surgery
Authors: White Michelle C. , Randall Kirsten , Avara Esther , Mullis Jenny , Parker Gary , Shrime Mark G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAccess to affordable and timely surgery is not equitable around the world. Five billion people lack access, and while non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) help to meet this need, long‐term surgical outcomes, social impact or patient experience is rarely reported.MethodIn 2016, Mercy Ships, a surgical NGO, undertook an evaluation of patients who had received surgery seven years earlier with Mercy Ships in 2009 in Benin. Using purposive sampling, patients who had received maxillofacial, plastics or orthopedic surgery were invited to attend a surgical evaluation day. In this pilot study, we used semi‐structured interviews and questionnaire responses to assess patient expectation, surgical and social outcome.ResultsOur results show that seven years after surgery 35% of patients report surgery‐related pain and 18% had sought further care for a clinical complication of their condition. However, 73% of patients report gaining social benefit from surgery, and overall patient satisfaction was 89%, despite 35% of patients saying that they were unclear what to expect after surgery indicating a mismatch of doctor/patient expectations and failure of the consent process.ConclusionIn conclusion, our pilot study shows that NGO surgery in Benin provided positive social impact associated with complication rates comparable to high‐income countries when assessed seven years later. Key areas for further study in LMICs are: evaluation and treatment of chronic pain, consent and access to further care.
Mesh Versus Patch Repair for Epigastric and Umbilical Hernia (MORPHEUS Trial); One‐Year Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ponten J. E. H. , Leenders B. J. M. , Leclercq W. K. G. , Lettinga T. , Heemskerk J. , Konsten J. L. M. , Castelijns P. S. S. , Nienhuijs S. W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDesignThis trial is a randomized controlled, patient‐blinded, multicentre, superiority trial.MethodsAll patients ≥18 years with a single, symptomatic and primary umbilical or epigastric hernia (<2 fingers) qualified for participation in the study. Flat polypropylene mesh repair was compared to patch repair (PROCEED® Ventral Patch) (PVP). The objective of this trial was to identify a superior method for umbilical and epigastric hernia repair in terms of complication rates.ResultsA total of 352 patients were randomized in this trial; 348 patients received the intervention (n = 177 PVP vs. n = 171 mesh). No peri‐operative complications occurred. PVP placement was significantly faster compared to mesh placement (30 min, SD 11 vs. 35 min, SD 11) and was scored as an easier procedure. At 1‐month follow‐up, 76 patients suffered any kind of complication. There was no significant difference in the proportion of complications (24.9% for PVP and 18.7% for mesh, p = 0.195). A significant difference was seen in re‐operation rate within 1 month, significantly less early re‐operations in the mesh group (0.0 vs. 2.8%, p = 0.027). After 1‐year follow‐up, no significant differences are seen in recurrence rates (n = 13, 7.8% PVP vs. n = 5, 3.3% mesh, p = 0.08).ConclusionsBoth mesh and PVP had a comparable amount of reported complications. There was a significantly higher incidence of early re‐operations due to early complications in the PVP group. No differences were seen in infection rates and the need for antibiotic treatment. No significant difference was seen in the recurrence rates.RegistrationThis trial was registered in the Dutch Trail Registry (NTR) NTR2514NL33995.060.10. [12].
Long‐term impact of intensive lifestyle intervention on cognitive function assessed with the National Institutes of Health Toolbox: The Look AHEAD study
Authors: Hayden Kathleen M. , Baker Laura D. , Bray George , Carvajal Raymond , Demos‐McDermott Kathryn , Hergenroeder Andrea L. , Hill James O. , Horton Edward , Jakicic John M. , Johnson Karen C. , Neiberg Rebecca H. , Rapp Stephen R. , Wadden Thomas A. , Miller Michael E. ,   Look AHEAD Movement and Memory and Look AHEAD Brain MRI Ancillary Study Groups
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionThis study sought to determine whether 10 years of assignment to intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) relative to diabetes support and education leads to better cognition. We examine intervention effects overall and among clinical subgroups, and report correlations between computer‐administered and interviewer‐administered cognitive batteries.MethodsThe Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) was a 16‐site randomized controlled trial with overweight/obese individuals (aged 45–76) who had type 2 diabetes. The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery tests developed to measure cognition across the lifespan were used to evaluate cognition. Results were compared with standard paper‐and‐pencil tests. The Toolbox and paper‐and‐pencil tests were administered an average of 10.9 years after randomization to 1002 participants.ResultsToolbox measures significantly correlated with interviewer‐administered measures, with the strongest correlations between the Toolbox Fluid Cognition Composite and Trails B (r = −0.64, P < .0001) and Digit Symbol Coding (r = 0.63, P < .0001), and between the Toolbox Dimensional Change Card Sort (r = 0.55, P < .0001) and the Digit Symbol Coding test. Overall, ILI and diabetes support and education groups had similar adjusted mean cognitive outcomes (P > .05 for all). Subgroup analyses identified different intervention effects within baseline body mass index groups for Picture Sequence Memory (P = .01), within baseline cardiovascular disease groups for Picture Vocabulary (P = .01) and Fluid Cognition Composite (P = .02) measures, and within baseline age groups for Picture Vocabulary (P = .02).DiscussionCorrelations between Toolbox and interviewer‐administered outcomes provide a measure of internal validity. Findings suggest no overall effect of the intervention on cognition and that an ILI resulting in weight loss may have negative implications for cognition in individuals aged ≥60, with previous history of cardiovascular disease, and those with body mass index ≥40.
Disruptions to the cerebellar GABAergic system in juvenile guinea pigs following preterm birth
Authors: Shaw Julia C. , Palliser Hannah K. , Dyson Rebecca M. , Berry Mary J. , Hirst Jonathan J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundChildren that are born preterm are at an increased risk of developing cognitive problems and behavioural disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There is increasing interest in the role of the cerebellum in these processes and the potential involvement of GABAergic pathways in neurodevelopmental disorders. We propose that preterm birth, and the associated loss of the trophic intrauterine environment, alters the development of the cerebellum, contributing to ongoing neurobehavioral disorders.MethodsGuinea pigs were delivered preterm (GA62) or spontaneously at term (GA69), and tissues collected at corrected postnatal day (PND) 28. Neurodevelopmental and GABAergic markers myelin basic protein (MBP), neuronal nuclei (NeuN), calbindin (Purkinje cells), and GAD67 (GABA synthesis enzyme) were analysed in cerebellar lobules IX and X by immunohistochemistry. Protein expression of GAD67 and GAT1 (GABA transporter enzyme) were quantified by western blot, whilst neurosteroid‐sensitive GABAA receptor subunits were measured by RT‐PCR.ResultsMBP immunostaining was increased in lobule IX of preterm males, and reduced in lobule X of preterm females when compared to their term counterparts. GAD67 staining was decreased in lobule IX and X of the preterm males, but only in lobule X of the preterm females compared to term cohorts for each sex. Internal granule cell layer width of lobule X was decreased in preterm cohorts of both sexes compared to terms. There were no differences between gestational age groups for NeuN staining, GAD67 and GAT1 protein expression as measured by western blotting, or GABAA receptor subunits as measured by RT‐PCR between preterm and term for either sex.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that components of the cerebellar GABAergic system of the ex‐preterm cerebellum are disrupted. The higher expression of myelin in the preterm males may be due to a deficit in axonal pruning, whereas females have a deficit in myelination at 28 corrected days of age. Together these ongoing alterations may contribute to the neurodevelopmental and behavioural disorders observed in those born preterm.
Acute appendicitis mimicking acute scrotum: a rare complication of a common abdominal inflammatory disease
Authors: Buzatti Kelly Cristine de Lacerda Rodrigues , Gonçalves Marcus Vinícius Capanema , Silva Rodrigo Gomes da , Rodrigues Beatriz Deoti e Silva 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Introduction Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical disease of the abdomen in clinical practice, affecting mainly young adults. It has a wide variety of clinical presentations, due to the anatomical variation of the cecal appendix. Its presentation as acute scrotum and scrotal abscess is quite rare and atypical, occurring mainly in young male patients with patent processus vaginalis.
Case presentation An 18-years-old male patient attended the emergency unit complaining of diffuse abdominal pain, fever and hyporexia for four days followed by inflammatory signs in the scrotum. He was taken to the operation room after diagnosis of scrotal and abdominal sepsis. During scrotum exploration, pus was found inside the right hemiscrotum coming down from the groin and communicating with the abdominal cavity. The laparotomy found perforated appendicitis and peritonitis leading to the scrotal abscess. The abscess was drained, appendectomy was performed and the scrotal and abdominal cavity were washed with saline solution. Despite postoperative complications such as pneumonia and intra-abdominal abscess, the reported patient recovered and was discharged in the 44th postoperative day.
Conclusion Acute appendicitis can mimic acute scrotum and surgeons must have a high index of suspicion of this complication for diagnosing. This unusual clinical presentation may be challenging and can delay the diagnosis leading to perforated peritonitis.
Techniques of Ectopic Reservoir Placement and Their Pitfalls
Authors: Thirumavalavan Nannan , Gross Martin S. , Munarriz Ricardo 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
Ectopic placement of penile prosthesis reservoirs has become more common in patients whose space of Retzius has been compromised.

Aim
To describe techniques and instruments used to place penile prosthesis reservoirs ectopically.

Methods
We present our method of placing ectopic reservoirs and review the literature for other techniques. We also catalog the instruments used for this purpose.

Outcomes
Similar to traditional reservoir placement, successful ectopic reservoir implantation requires good cosmetic and functional success and low complication rates.

Results
Ectopic reservoir placement has been shown to be effective, to safely avoid bowel, bladder, and vascular injury, and to maintain excellent function and cosmesis. Multiple tools for ectopic placement have been described, but no data exist comparing their effectiveness and complications. Examples include dissection of the space anterior to the transversalis muscle using the surgeon's finger, a pediatric Yankauer suction tip, or a Foerster lung clamp. Instruments described to grasp and advance the reservoir include a sponge stick, a Foerster lung clamp, and the ectopic reservoir insertion tool (Sontec, Centennial, CO, USA). The effect of different instruments on the integrity of reservoir has not been extensively studied.

Clinical Implications
Attention to technique and the instruments used to dissect the ectopic space and grasp the reservoir are crucial to successful ectopic reservoir placement.

Strengths and Limitations
Reports of vascular, bowel, or bladder injuries during ectopic placement are exceedingly rare, as are reports of injury to reservoirs caused by traumatic grasping. However, no methods or tools have been compared in head-to-head trials.

Conclusion
Ectopic placement is safe and effective, but differences between methods and instruments have not been delineated.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in a Patient With Bronchiectasis and Underlying Cerebral Palsy: A Case Presentation
Authors: Yoon Seo Yeon , Kim Yong Wook , Choi Ja Young 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBronchiectasis is a chronic pulmonary disease characterized by the permanent dilatation of the airways, with recurrent infections. As the disease progresses, extrapulmonary symptoms manifest. If the patient with bronchiectasis has an underlying central nervous system disease such as cerebral palsy (CP), extrapulmonary functions decline faster. The co‐occurrence of these 2 diseases may make care more complex, and there have been no reports about pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in this class of patients. Here, we present a patient with bronchiectasis and underlying CP who showed marked improvement of pulmonary function and clinical symptoms after 6 weeks of a patient‐specific intensive PR program.Level of EvidenceIV
A new model for evaluating maintenance energy requirements in dogs: allometric equation from 319 pet dogs
Authors: Divol Guilhem , Priymenko Nathalie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractReports concerning maintenance energy requirements (MER) in dogs are common but most of the data cover laboratory or utility dogs. This study establishes those of healthy adult pet dogs and the factors which cause these energy requirements to vary. Within the framework of a nutrition teaching exercise, each student followed a pet from his entourage and gathered accurate records of its feeding habits. Data have been restricted to healthy adult dogs with an ideal body weight (BW) which did not vary more than 5 % during the study period. A total of 319 eligible records were analysed using multiple linear regression. Variation factors such as ownership, breed, sex and neutered status, bedding location, temperament and feeding habits were then analysed individually using a non-parametric model. Two models result from this study, one excluding age (r2 0·813) and a more accurate one which takes into consideration the age in years (r2 0·816). The second model was assessed with the main variation factors and shows that: MER (kcal) = k1 × k2 × k3 × k4 × k5 × 128 × BW0·740 × age−0·050/d (r2 0·836), with k1 the effect of the breed, k2 the effect of sex and neutered status, k3 the effect of bedding location, k4 the effect of temperament and k5 the effect of the type of feed. The resulting model is very similar to the recommendations made by the National Research Council (2006) but a greater accuracy was obtained using age raised to a negative power, as demonstrated in human nutrition.
Molecular variance and population structure of lentil (Lens culinarisMedik.) landraces from Mediterranean countries as revealed by simple sequence repeat DNA markers: implications for conservation and use
Authors: Idrissi Omar , Piergiovanni Angela R. , Toklu Faruk , Houasli Chafika , Udupa Sripada M. , De Keyser Ellen , Van Damme Patrick , De Riek Jan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Mediterranean region has a rich history of domestication and cultivation of lentil (Lens culinarisMedik.). Landraces have been grown and repeatedly selected by local farmers under different agro-environments. Characterization of molecular variation and genetic differentiation helps to ensure enhanced valorization, conservation and use of these genetic resources. Nineteen Simple Sequence Repeat DNA markers were used for molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) and population structure assessment underlying 74 lentil landraces from four Mediterranean countries: Morocco, Italy, Greece and Turkey. Based on AMOVA, presence of population structure and genetic differentiation at different levels were evidenced. Genetic diversity among Turkish landraces was higher than that of other countries. These landraces were more homogeneous as shown by low genetic differentiation among individuals within each landrace. Whereas Moroccan landraces followed by Italian and Greek provenances showed higher diversity and differentiation among individuals within landraces. The wide genetic variability of these landraces could help to better adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, they could provide useful alleles related to adaptive traits for breeding purposes. Based on structure analysis, we obtained indications of possible presence of two major gene pools: a northern gene pool composed of Turkish, Italian and Greek landraces, and a southern gene pool composed of Moroccan landraces. Our results could be of interest when designing future diversity studies, collection missions, conservation and core collection construction strategies on Mediterranean lentil landraces.
Research on a ‘drug-centred’ approach to psychiatric drug treatment: assessing the impact of mental and behavioural alterations produced by psychiatric drugs
Authors: Moncrieff J. 
Published: October 2017

Aims.This article explores an alternative understanding of how psychiatric drugs work that is referred to as the drug-centred model of drug action. Unlike the current disease-centred model, which suggests that psychiatric drugs work by correcting an underlying brain abnormality, the drug-centred model emphasises how psychiatric drugs affect mental states and behaviour by modifying normal brain processes. The alterations produced may impact on the emotional and behavioural problems that constitute the symptoms of mental disorders.Methods.Arguments are put forward that justify the consideration of the drug-centred model. The research necessary to support the prescription of drugs according to such a model is explored.Results.Evidence from neurochemistry and comparative drug trials do not confirm the disease-centred model of drug action. Since psychiatric drugs are recognised to have mind- and behaviour-altering properties, the drug-centred model constitutes a plausible alternative. The drug-centred model suggests that research is needed to identify all the alterations produced by various sorts of drugs, both acute and long term, and how these might interact with the symptoms and problems associated with different mental disorders. This requires detailed animal and volunteer studies and data from patients prescribed drug treatment long term, along with placebo-controlled and comparative trials that look at the overall impact of drug-induced alterations on well-being and functioning as well as symptoms. Research is also needed on alternative ways of fulfilling the function of drug treatment. The moral aspect of using drugs to modify behaviour rather than treat disease needs honest and transparent consideration.Conclusions.It is hoped this discussion will encourage the psychiatric and pharmaceutical research community to provide more of the information that is required to use psychiatric drugs safely and effectively.
BCR–ABL1-induced downregulation of WASP in chronic myeloid leukemia involves epigenetic modification and contributes to malignancy
Authors: Pereira Welbert O , De Carvalho Daniel D , Zenteno Maria Emilia , Ribeiro Beatriz F , Jacysyn Jacqueline F , Sardinha Luiz R , Zanichelli Maria A , Hamerschlak Nelson , Jones Gareth E , Pagnano Katia B , Castro Fabiola A , Calle Yolanda , Amarante-Mendes Gustavo P 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease caused by the BCR–ABL1 tyrosine kinase (TK). The development of TK inhibitors (TKIs) revolutionized the treatment of CML patients. However, TKIs are not effective to those at advanced phases when amplified BCR–ABL1 levels and increased genomic instability lead to secondary oncogenic modifications. Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) is an important regulator of signaling transduction in hematopoietic cells and was shown to be an endogenous inhibitor of the c-ABL TK. Here, we show that the expression of WASP decreases with the progression of CML, inversely correlates with the expression of BCR–ABL1 and is particularly low in blast crisis. Enforced expression of BCR–ABL1 negatively regulates the expression of WASP. Decreased expression of WASP is partially due to DNA methylation of the proximal WASP promoter. Importantly, lower levels of WASP in CML advanced phase patients correlate with poorer overall survival (OS) and is associated with TKI response. Interestingly, enforced expression of WASP in BCR–ABL1-positive K562 cells increases the susceptibility to apoptosis induced by TRAIL or chemotherapeutic drugs and negatively modulates BCR–ABL1-induced tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data reveal a novel molecular mechanism that operates in BCR–ABL1-induced tumorigenesis that can be used to develop new strategies to help TKI-resistant, CML patients in blast crisis (BC).
miR-143 and miR-145 inhibit gastric cancer cell migration and metastasis by suppressing MYO6
Authors: Lei Chao , Du Feng , Sun Lina , Li Ting , Li Tingyu , Min Yali , Nie Aiying , Wang Xin , Geng Lei , Lu Yuanyuan , Zhao Xiaodi , Shi Yongquan , Fan Daiming 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMetastasis is a major clinical obstacle responsible for the high mortality and poor prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical mediators of metastasis that act by modulating their target genes. In this study, we found that miR-143 and miR-145 act via a common target gene, MYO6, to regulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibit metastasis. We determined that miR-143 and miR-145 were downregulated in GC, and the ectopic expression of miR-143 and/or miR-145 inhibited GC cell migration and metastasis. Furthermore, MYO6 was identified as a direct common target of miR-143 and miR-145 and was elevated in GC. Silencing of MYO6 resulted in a metastasis-suppressive activity similar to that of miR-143 and miR-145, while restoring MYO6 attenuated the anti-metastatic or anti-EMT effects caused by miR-143 and miR-145. Clinically, an inverse correlation was observed between miR-143/145 levels and MYO6 levels in GC tissues, and either miR-143/145 downregulation or MYO6 upregulation was associated with more malignant phenotypes in patients with GC. In conclusion, miR-143 and miR-145 suppress GC cell migration and metastasis by inhibiting MYO6 expression and the EMT, which provides a novel mechanism and promising therapeutic target for the treatment of GC metastasis.
Current progress in the derivation and therapeutic application of neural stem cells
Authors: Tang Yuewen , Yu Pei , Cheng Lin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSCs) have a unique role in neural regeneration. Cell therapy based on NSC transplantation is a promising tool for the treatment of nervous system diseases. However, there are still many issues and controversies associated with the derivation and therapeutic application of these cells. In this review, we summarize the different sources of NSCs and their derivation methods, including direct isolation from primary tissues, differentiation from pluripotent stem cells and transdifferentiation from somatic cells. We also review the current progress in NSC implantation for the treatment of various neural defects and injuries in animal models and clinical trials. Finally, we discuss potential optimization strategies for NSC derivation and propose urgent challenges to the clinical translation of NSC-based therapies in the near future.