Pengaruh Etsa Kimia dengan Akua Regia terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Perlekatan Bahan Resin Akrilik pada Gigi Tiruan Kerangka Logam
Authors: Tjahjanti M Th Esti , Kusuma Heriyanti Amalia , Ismiyati Titik , Sugiatno Erwan 
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Bahan yang dipakai untuk pembuatan Gigi Tiruan Sebagian (GTS), antara lain: resin akrilik, kerangka logam, kombinasi kerangka logam dengan resin akrilik. Resin akrilik adalah bahan plat gigi tiruan yang memliki warna dan translusensi baik tetapi sifat mekanismenya tidak ideal, tidak tahan terhadap abrasi, dan dapat terjadi perubahan dimensi. GTS kerangka logam cukup kuat, tetapi estetis kurang memuaskan sehingga perlu kombinasi kerangka logam dan resin akrilik. Peningkatan daya lekat antara kedua bahan tersebut memerlukan retensi, teknik etsa kimia dengan akua regia dapat membuat retensi mikro pada logam. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui etsa kimia dengan akua regia terhadap kekuatan tarik perlekatan bahan resin akrilik pada gigi tiruan kerangka logam. Metode penelitian. Penelitian dilakukan pada 20 subyek penelitian berupa plat kobalt kromium dengan mesh dilekati resin akrilik (10x10x2) mm yeng dilekati mesh ukuran (10x8x1) mm. Subyek penelitian dibagi 2 kelompok: 10 subyek plat kobalt kromium dengan mesh dilekati resin akrilik (20x10x2) mm dan 10 subyek penelitian plat kobalt kromium dengan mesh dietsa dengan akua regia 65% selama 5 menit, kemudian dilekati dengan resin akrilik (20x10x2) mm. dilakukan uji kekuatan tarik menggunakan Torsee’s universal testing Machine dengan ukuran kg/mm2, kemudian hasil analisa dengan t-test. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kekuatan tarik perlekatan bahan resin akrilik dengan kerangka logam yang tidak dietsa lebih kecil daripada yang dietsa kimia dengan akua regia. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna kekuatan tarik perlekatan resin akrilik dengan kerangka logam yang tidak dietsa dengan yang dietsa secara kimia dengan akua regia (p<0,05). Kesimpulan. Etsa kimia dengan akua regia pada kerangka logam, meningkatan perlekatan bahan resin akrilik pada gigi tiruan kerangka logam. Background. Materials used in making removable partial denture (RPD) can be acrylic resins, metal plate, combination between metal plate and acrylic resins. Acrylic resins is plate denture material have good colour and translucent but the mechanical characteristic is not ideal, unstable to the abrasion, and can be occurred change in dimension. The frame removable partial denture is strong enough but estethically unsatisfaying, therefore need the acrylic resins and metal plate combination RPD. The purpose of this study was to know the influence of chemical etching with akua regia towardbond strength of acrylic resins in frame denture. Methods. The study was conducted in 20 subject of chromium cobalt plate (10x10x2) mm that was attached with a mesh measurement (10x8x1) mm. The sample were devided into two groups. The first group consisted of 10 samples of chromium cobalt plate (10x8x2) mm with a mesh was attached with acrylic resins (20x10x2) mm. The second group consisted of 10 samples of chromium cobalt plate (10x10x2) mm with a mesh etched with 65% akua regia for 5 minutes, than attached with acrylic resins (20x10x2) mm. the bond strength test was carried out using Torsee’s Universal Testing Machine in kg/mm2, than was statistically analyzed using t-test. The result of this study demonstrated that mean of bond strength of acrylic resins combined with nonetched metal plate was smaller than that with etched metal plate. There was a significant difference of the bond strength of acrylic resins combined with metal plate etched and that with metal plate non-etched (p<0,05). Conclusion. The chemical with akua regia in the metal frame increases the attachment of the acrylic resin in the frame denture.