bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal maintenance scheduling for local public purpose buildings
Authors: Hopland Arnt O. , Kvamsdal Sturla F. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to set up and analyze a formal model for maintenance scheduling for local government purpose buildings.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors formulate the maintenance scheduling decision as a dynamic optimization problem, subject to an accelerating decay. This approach offers a formal, yet intuitive, weighting of an important trade-off when deciding a maintenance schedule.

Findings
– The optimal maintenance schedule reflects a trade-off between the interest rate and the rate at which the decay accelerates. The prior reflects the alternative cost, since the money spent on maintenance could be saved and earn interests, while the latter reflects the cost of postponing maintenance. Importantly, it turns out that it is sub-optimal to have a cyclical maintenance schedule where the building is allowed to decay and then be intensively maintained before decaying again. Rather, local governments should focus the maintenance either early in the building’s life-span and eventually let it decay toward replacement/abandonment or first let it decay to a target level and then keep it there until replacement/abandonment. Which of the two is optimal depends on the trade-off between the alternative cost and the cost of postponing maintenance.

Originality/value
– The paper provides a first formal inquiry into important trade-offs that are important for maintenance scheduling of local public purpose buildings.
Computer-based image elicitation technique for exploring students’ implicit concepts of an ideal English teacher
Authors: Setiawan Ardian Wahyu 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This article presents an account of a qualitative pilot study which evaluated computer-based image elicitation as an innovative technique for exploring students’ implicit concepts of an ideal English teacher in relation to the native speaker fallacy, the belief that ideal English teachers are native speakers of English.

Design/methodology/approach
Two types of analysis were conducted in the study: method and data quality analysis.

Findings
While interviews alone can inquire into the research problem, the results of this study indicate that the technique is practical and able to generate rich image and textual data, supplementing data from interviews. Based on the results, it is argued that computer-based image elicitation can potentially be used as a viable technique for investigating the problematic issue of the strong preference for native English teachers in the field of English language teaching, particularly its racial aspect.

Research limitations/implications
This pilot study gives methodological insights to researchers who aim to investigate relevant issues.

Originality/value
In relation to the issue, there has been no previous research employing visual methods in its inquiry.
A New Approach to Agility in The Apparel Industry
Authors: Curteza Antonela , Florea Adela 
Published: April 2016

Presently, worldwide apparel companies are facing a turbulent market caused by permanent globalization, sustained economic growth, consolidation of industries and intense organization competition. The main problem faced by the managers is actually the opportunities and threats resulted. The concept of “enterprise agility ” has become increasingly relevant.
The concept and thematic for the apparel industry are still new to the world. In this study, they are used to underline the way in which an agile enterprise without automated processes reacts in an environment of variable or extreme turbulence and how it derives solutions to stimulating innovation capacity in extreme turbulence.
This study presents the main problems occurred while determining the agility of the apparel companies which manufacture ready-made clothing. Referrals are made to the main subsystems which are considered very important for the agility of apparel enterprises. The Design subsystem is modeled. The methods of selecting agility parameters and their transposing in comparable units for quantification are also presented.
Application of Microbial Transglutaminases in Anti-Crease Finish of Silk Fabric
Authors: Tian Xiaorui , Geo Weidong , Wang Hongbo , Deng Bingyao 
Published: April 2016

In this paper, microbial transglutaminase (MTG) was applied to process silk fabric for improving its crease resistance under the prerequisite of maintaining other performances. Not only was the effect of MTG on silk fabric investigated through the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FR), but analysis was also undertaken in the microcosmic structure of fibroin through the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Solo MTG treatment as well as compound treatments of MTG followed by hydrogen peroxide, protease and ultrasonic, all showed that MTG can improve the crease resistance of silk fabric. It also enhanced its tensile breaking strength or amended damage in the tensile breaking strength caused by pretreatments.Simultaneously, comparison with other treatments showed that compound treatment of MTG followed by ultrasonic exerted a better coordinated effect and conferred better performances, which made the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) increase by 17.4% and tensile breaking strength improve by 11.2% respectively. At the same time, other performances were still maintained well.
Predition of Textile Fabric Color by Digital Camera
Authors: Nateri Ali Shams 
Published: April 2016

The main objective of this study is to highlight the relationship between RGB values of digital camera as a device-dependent color space and a device-independent CIE color space. Calibration and testing databases are the colorimetric specifications of colored polyester
fabrics. The colored fabrics were dyed with a variety of disperse dyestuffs. Camera characterization was done based on the polynomial regression technique. The methods adopted in the study were non-linear filtering applied to camera RGB values and a polynomial regression function directly applied to the CIELAB space.
The performances of the methods improved by increasing the number of terms in the polynomial. The estimation errors of the linear polynomial regression to CIEXYZ, the nonlinear polynomial regression to CIEXYZ, the linear polynomial regression to CIELAB, and the nonlinear polynomial regression to CIELAB were 3.29, 4.43, 3.05, and 3.04 DE*ab respectively. The generalization capability decreased by increasing the number of terms in the polynomial regression. The best generalization capability was obtained by the linear polynomial regression to CIELAB. The best result was obtained by non-linear filtering while the second-best result was obtained by the polynomial regression to the CIELAB values.
Measurement of Thermal Resistance of Woven Fabrics in Natural and Forced Convections
Authors: Bhattacharjee D. , Kothari V.K. 
Published: April 2016

The objective of this paper is to report the values of thermal resistance in natural and convection heat transfer modes through woven fabrics. An instrument developed on the principle of the guarded hot plate method will be discussed. The instrument is precise up to two decimal places and the accuracy is approximately 14%. The fabrics were tested in a natural as well as forced convective mode with air velocity of 1m/s flowing parallel over the fabric surface. It was observed that the thermal resistance of the fabric in forced convection is less than that in the natural convective mode.
The thermal resistance can be predicted with the help of a statistical model when all the constructional parameters are taken together. A polynomial equation consisting of linear, interaction and square terms based on the response surface modelling was developed for both the conditions of heat flow. It was observed that as all constructional parameters, such as warp and weft count, thread spacing, thickness, fabric weight and porosity are taken as variables, the response function; namely thermal resistance can be predicted with a high coefficient of determination and less average error.
Effect of Hair Damage on Colour Uptake and Colour Fastness
Authors: Cheng S.Y. , Yuen C.W.M. , Kan C.W. , Cheuk K.K.L. 
Published: April 2016

Furthering our previous study on damage to hair, this paper investigates the effects of three different hair damaging treatments on colouration effects with an oxidizing semi-permanent colourant. The three damaging treatments are (i) sunlight (simulated by Xenon light), (ii) perming and (iii) bleaching. The colour uptake was evaluated differently with a conventional method by CIE L*a*b* system of equation.
In addition, the colour fastness properties of coloured hair to different simulated daily activities, such as (i) hair washing, (ii) hair perming, (iii) sunlight exposure and (iv) swimming in sea water were also examined.
Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that hair treatment with bleaching can improve colouring performance because melanin is eliminated from hair. At the same time, the colour fastness properties of coloured hair under different colour fastness testing conditions becomes worse with respect to the increasing degree of damaging treatment
Fight‐flight or freeze‐hide? Personality and metabolic phenotype mediate physiological defence responses in flatfish
Authors: Rupia Emmanuel J. , Binning Sandra A. , Roche Dominique G. , Lu Weiqun 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Survival depends on appropriate behavioural and physiological responses to danger. In addition to active ‘fight‐flight’ defence responses, a passive ‘freeze‐hide’ response is adaptive in some contexts. However, the physiological mechanisms determining which individuals choose a given defence response remain poorly understood.

We examined the relationships among personality, metabolic performance and physiological stress responses across an environmental gradient in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

We employed four behavioural assays to document the existence of two distinct behavioural types (‘bold’ and ‘shy’) in this species. We found consistent metabolic differences between individuals of a given behavioural type across an environmental gradient: shy individuals had overall lower aerobic scope, maximum metabolic rate and standard metabolic rate than bold individuals in both high (25 ppt) and low (3 ppt) salinity.

These behavioural and metabolic differences translated into divergent physiological responses during acute stress: shy individuals adopted a passive ‘freeze‐hide’ response by reducing their oxygen consumption rates (akin to shallow breathing) whereas bold individuals adopted an active ‘fight‐flight’ response by increasing their rates of respiration. These distinct defence strategies were repeatable within individuals between salinity treatments.

Although it has been suggested theoretically, this is the first empirical evidence that the metabolic response to stressful situations differs between bold and shy individuals. Our results emphasize the importance of incorporating physiological measures to understand the mechanisms driving persistent inter‐individual differences in animals.
It's the Lungfish, stupid: knowledge fights, activism, and the science–policy interface
Authors: Morgan Edward A. , Osborne Natalie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSince the post‐positivist turn in the 20th century, many scholars and philosophers have argued for the importance of Other Ways Of Knowing – including local, embodied, situated, partial, and indigenous knowledges – in developing a better understanding of the world. This argument has been further stressed by a large subset of scholars working in the fields of geography, policy, planning, natural resource management, and community development, yet in practice, positivism retains its epistemological dominance. Drawing from a case study of a dam proposal at Traveston Crossing, Queensland, Australia, this paper will explore these epistemological tensions from the perspective of those whose first/primary ways of knowing about the issue were marginalised, namely the local activists who opposed the proposal. Using data gathered from document analysis and interviews, the paper will explore how these activists implicitly understood this epistemological marginalisation, how they adopted and employed positivist knowledge and language to further the exposure and credibility of their campaign, how this credibility was mediated by their identities, how they strategically deployed different forms of knowledge at local, national, and international scales, and how their successful navigation of these epistemological tensions was critical to the ultimate success of their campaign.
Recent and emerging innovations inSalmonelladetection: a food and environmental perspective
Authors: Bell Rebecca L. , Jarvis Karen G. , Ottesen Andrea R. , McFarland Melinda A. , Brown Eric W. 
Published: April 2016

SummarySalmonellais a diverse genus of Gram‐negative bacilli and a major foodborne pathogen responsible for more than a million illnesses annually in the United States alone. Rapid, reliable detection and identification of this pathogen in food and environmental sources is key to safeguarding the food supply. Traditional microbiological culture techniques have been the ‘gold standard’ for State and Federal regulators. Unfortunately, the time to result is too long to effectively monitor foodstuffs, especially those with very short shelf lives. Advances in traditional microbiology and molecular biology over the past 25 years have greatly improved the speed at which this pathogen is detected. Nonetheless, food and environmental samples possess a distinctive set of challenges for these newer, more rapid methodologies. Furthermore, more detailed identification and subtyping strategies still rely heavily on the availability of a pure isolate. However, major shifts inDNAsequencing technologies are meeting this challenge by advancing the detection, identification and subtyping ofSalmonellatowards a culture‐independent diagnostic framework. This review will focus on current approaches and state‐of‐the‐art next‐generation advances in the detection, identification and subtyping ofSalmonellafrom food and environmental sources.
Risk factors and predictors of uncontrolled hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Jeddah, western Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sayed Mohamed Hesham , Hegazi Moustafa Abdelaal , Abdulwahed Khairyah , Moussa Khairya , El‐Deek Basem Salama , Gabel Hala , Ragheb Rana 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about levels of glycemic control and risk factors for uncontrolled hyperglycemia in Saudi children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of the present study was to identify levels of glycemic control, risk factors and predictors of uncontrolled hyperglycemia (HG) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children with T1DM.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on Saudi children and adolescents with confirmed T1DM who were followed at the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic of the Maternity and Children Hospital, Jeddah, from 2000 to 2014. Data collection included all possible factors that may be associated with uncontrolled T1DM. Patients were classified according to American Diabetes Association guidelines for target HbA1c levels per age group. Comparisons were made between well‐controlled (WC) patients, HG patients, and DKA patients. Calculation of odds ratios and logistic regression allowed for estimation of the role of each risk factor in uncontrolled T1DM.ResultsOnly 31.2 % of children and adolescents with T1DM were well controlled. Better glycemic control was associated with age < 6 years, urban residence, and T1DM duration <5 years. Glycemic control was not affected by gender, insulin therapy, or comorbidities. The most significant independent predictors of hyperglycemia and DKA were poor compliance with a healthy lifestyle (adjusted hazards ratio [AHR] 28.94; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 8.37–100.04) and an excess intake of sweets (AHR 3.31; 95 % CI 1.54–7.11).ConclusionThe most significant independent predictor for poor glycemic control (particularly DKA rather than hyperglycemia) in Saudi children and adolescents was poor compliance with a healthy lifestyle with an excessive intake of sweets.
Transcriptome analysis reveals physiological characteristics required for magnetosome formation in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR‐1
Authors: Wang Xu , Wang Qing , Zhang Yang , Wang Yinjia , Zhou Yuan , Zhang Weijia , Wen Tong , Li Li , Zuo Meiqing , Zhang Ziding , Tian Jiesheng , Jiang Wei , Li Ying , Wang Lei , Li Jilun 
Published: April 2016

SummaryMagnetosome synthesis ability of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR‐1 in an autofermentor can be precisely controlled through strict control of dissolved oxygen concentration. In this study, using transcriptome data we discovered gene transcriptional differences and compared physiological characteristics of MSR‐1 cells cultured under aerobic (high‐oxygen) and micro‐aerobic (low‐oxygen) conditions. The results showed that 77 genes were up‐regulated and 95 genes were down‐regulated significantly under micro‐aerobic situation. These genes were involved primarily in the categories of cell metabolism, transport, regulation and unknown‐function proteins. The nutrient transport and physiological metabolism were slowed down under micro‐aerobic condition, whereas dissimilatory denitrification pathways were activated and it may supplemental energy was made available for magnetosome synthesis. The result suggested that the genes of magnetosome membrane proteins (Mam and Mms) are not directly regulated by oxygen level, or are constitutively expressed. A proposed regulatory network of differentially expressed genes reflects the complexity of physiological metabolism in MSR‐1, and suggests that some yet‐unknown functional proteins play important roles such as ferric iron uptake and transport during magnetosome synthesis. The transcriptome data provides a holistic view of the responses of MSR‐1 cells to differing oxygen levels. This approach will give new insights into general principles of magnetosome formation.
Branchial nitrogen cycle symbionts can remove ammonia in fish gills
Authors: van Kessel Maartje A.H.J. , Mesman Rob J. , Arshad Arslan , Metz Juriaan R. , Spanings F.A. Tom , van Dalen Stephanie C.M. , van Niftrik Laura , Flik Gert , Wendelaar Bonga Sjoerd E. , Jetten Mike S.M. , Klaren Peter H.M. , Op den Camp Huub J.M. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryKnowledge of the mechanisms by which fish excrete their metabolic nitrogenous waste and insights into nitrogen cycling in aquaculture systems is of utmost importance to improve the sustainable commercial production of fish. In fish, most nitrogenous waste is excreted via the gills as ammonia, a potentially toxic nitrogenous compound. In this study; activity assays, physiological experiments, molecular analysis and microscopy were used to show that the gills of fish harbor a unique combination of hitherto overlooked nitrogen‐cycle microorganisms that can theoretically detoxify excreted ammonia by converting it into inert dinitrogen gas. By doing so, these microorganisms may benefit from the ammonia supply by the host and prevent the build‐up of this compound to toxic concentrations. This novel relationship between vertebrates and microorganisms may shed new light on nitrogen handling by ammonotelic fish species.
Host influence on germination and reproduction of the facultative hemi‐parasitic weed Rhamphicarpa fistulosa
Authors: Kabiri S. , van Ast A. , Rodenburg J. , Bastiaans L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRice Vampireweed, Rhamphicarpa fistulosa, was a minor parasitic weed until recently when rice cultivation in sub‐Saharan Africa was expanded into marginal wetlands, that are the parasite's natural habitat. Unlike most of the parasitic weeds, R. fistulosa is facultative, meaning that the parasite is able to complete its life cycle without a host. However, when not connected to a host plant, its biomass and seed production is lower. Because very little is known regarding the germination ecology of the parasite, the main objective of our study was to identify the cues that favour germination. We hypothesised that, first, being a wetland species, germination of R. fistulosa is stimulated by light and high soil moisture. Second, we hypothesised that if host plant presence increases its reproductive output then a germination stimulatory effect from host presence is likely to have developed. A Petri‐dish and pot experiment showed that light and completely saturated soils were a requirement for germination, demonstrating that germination requirements of R. fistulosa are typical of species that grow in environments with fluctuating water levels. A pot experiment in which five infestation levels of R. fistulosa were installed in the absence and presence of a rice plant, showed that host plant presence resulted in a 3.7 times higher seed production rate and a 15% larger average seed size. Despite this reproductive advantage, a pot experiment with three rice cultivars, selected because of their difference in strigolactone production, showed that host plant presence, regardless of the development stage, did not influence the emergence rate of R. fistulosa. In a follow‐up study, the germination stimulation effect of root exudates collected from the same three rice cultivars and a treatment consisting of an artificial germination stimulant (GR24) was compared with a treatment consisting of plain water. In these treatments, seeds of R. fistulosa were compared with seeds of the obligate parasite Striga hermonthica. Germination of S. hermonthica was strongly advanced by the presence of root exudates and GR24 but was completely absent in water, whereas germination of R. fistulosa in all treatments was similar to that in plain water. The absence of a host recognition mechanism at the germination stage suggests that the regulation of germination through light and soil moisture is near optimal. Our finding might also indicate that for this facultative parasitic plant species, a more opportunistic germination strategy is superior. Implications of the findings for management of R. fistulosa in rice cultivation are discussed.
Variable levels of apoptotic signal‐associated cytokines in the disease course of patients with Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Yang Yongsheng , Li Feng , Du Juan , Shen Yanyun , Lin Jinran , Zhu Xiaohua , Luo Xiaoqun , Liang Jun , Xu Jinhua 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesKeratinocyte death is a hallmark of Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). Apoptotic signal‐associated cytokines, such as TNF‐α, sFasL, granulysin, sTRAIL and IFN‐γ have been reported to participate in keratinocyte apoptosis. However, their levels are variable, which hampers the elucidation of the role of these cytokines. We sought to determine whether cytokine levels vary with disease course.MethodsThe serum cytokine levels of 24 patients and blister fluid of 10 were analysed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay on the first day of their admission to hospital and were evaluated at different time points in the disease course. Meanwhile, surface markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD1a, CD14, CD16+56 and CD68) of blister fluid cells were measured by flow cytometry.ResultsThe concentrations of all cytokines in the serum and blister fluid were higher than those in the controls and were more elevated in the blister fluid than in the serum. Moreover, sTRAIL, IFN‐γ and TNF‐α quantities were relatively stable, while those of sFasL and granulysin decreased rapidly in the disease course. On the first day, CD8+ T and natural killer cells were predominant in the blister fluid but their relative percentage diminished gradually, while that of CD14+ cells increased.ConclusionOur study confirmed there are high but variable levels of these cytokines in SJS/TEN, especially in the early phase and different tendencies are manifested in the disease course.