bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The OMERACT Ultrasound Group: A Report from the OMERACT 2016 Meeting and Perspectives
Authors: Terslev Lene , Iagnocco Annamaria , Bruyn George A.W. , Naredo Esperanza , Vojinovic Jelena , Collado Paz , Damjanov Nemanja , Filer Andrew , Filippou Georgios , Finzel Stephanie , Gandjbakhch Frederique , Ikeda Kei , Keen Helen I. , Kortekaas Marion C. , Magni-Manzoni Silvia , Ohrndorf Sarah , Pineda Carlos , Ravagnani Viviana , Richards Bethan , Sahbudin Ilfita , Schmidt Wolfgang A. , Siddle Heidi J. , Stoenoiu Maria S. , Szkudlarek Marcin , Tzaribachev Nikolay , D’Agostino Maria-Antonietta ,   on behalf of the OMERACT Ultrasound Group
Published: February 2017

Objective.To provide an update from the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Ultrasound Working Group on the progress for defining ultrasound (US) minimal disease activity threshold at joint level in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and for standardization of US application in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods.For minimal disease activity, healthy controls (HC) and patients with early arthritis (EA) who were naive to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were recruited from 2 centers. US was performed of the hands and feet, and scored semiquantitatively (0–3) for synovial hypertrophy (SH) and power Doppler (PD). Synovial effusion (SE) was scored a binary variable. For JIA, a Delphi approach and subsequent validation in static images and patient-based exercises were used to developed preliminary definitions for synovitis and a scoring system.Results.For minimal disease activity, 7% HC had at least 1 joint abnormality versus 30% in the EA group. In HC, the findings of SH and PD were predominantly grade 1 whereas all grades were seen in the EA cohort, but SE was rare. In JIA, synovitis can be diagnosed based on B-mode findings alone because of the presence of physiological vascularization. A semiquantitative scoring system (0–3) for synovitis for both B-mode and Doppler were developed in which the cutoff between Doppler grade 2 and grade 3 was 30%.Conclusion.The first step has been taken to define the threshold for minimal disease activity in RA by US and to define and develop a scoring system for synovitis in JIA. Further steps are planned for the continuous validation of US in these areas.
La maison, un lieu de vie et de bien-être
Authors: Eiguer Alberto 
Published: February 2017

La maison, un lieu de vie et de bien-être ? Si nous cherchons un lieu où l’on attend qu’il nous procure du bien-être, celui-ci est la maison, notre foyer, notre nid. Tout y est fait pour nous retrouver, nous sentir à l’aise et en sécurité. C’est aussi un lieu d’émotions fortes et de liens stables que l’on désire durables. Si de tels affects et vécus sont rendus possibles, c’est que la maison est représentée dans notre inconscient et que notre inconscient l’ordonne et lui donne vie.
Hospitalisation pédiatrique à domicile : renforcement des compétences familiales et soutien médico-soignant
Authors: Peuvrier Stéphanie , Lévêque Mélanie , Perifano Alessia , Gatbois Edith 
Published: February 2017

Le développement récent de l’offre de soin « Hospitalisation à domicile pédiatrique » permet d’envisager le retour à domicile d’enfants malades en maintenant une qualité des soins équivalente à l’hôpital et une coordination des différents professionnels autour d’un projet partagé. La continuité des soins assortie de l’astreinte médicale had permet d’autonomiser les familles et les sécuriser dans leurs compétences de parents à prendre soin de leur enfant. Dans le bouleversement des repères auquel les parents sont confrontés, dans le séisme qu’ils vivent en assistant à la maladie de leur enfant, l’équipe d’ had valorise les compétences parentales, tout en permettant d’identifier les limites, les appréhensions de chacun. L’asymétrie des relations habituellement observée entre malade et professionnel est réduite. Chaque professionnel doit travailler une position d’écoute, de bienveillance et d’humilité, en apportant son expertise professionnelle tout en valorisant la compétence des parents auprès de leur enfant.
La maison de l’enfant, les Maisons d’Enfants
Authors: De Togni Caroline , Gonçalves Philippe 
Published: February 2017

Que signifient réellement habiter une maison et être accueilli en Maison d’Enfants ? Ces termes familiers sont revisités afin d’encourager le professionnel de la protection de l’enfance à dessiner les contours de ses propres représentations à l’aune de celles de l’enfant. L’institution comme la famille constituent des groupes dont les emboitements multiplient le jeu des possibles et des identifications croisées. Placement et accueil en Maison d’Enfants sont des mesures éducatives de protection qui entraînent une séparation douloureuse, mais qui œuvrent aussi à penser le manque, à reformuler l’inentendable et à retisser les liens. L’intersubjectivité autorise une nouvelle rencontre, celle où, enfin, l’on puisse se sentir chez Soi.
Quand les adolescents s’ennuient devant leurs écrans
Authors: Menrath Joëlle 
Published: February 2017

Une enquête ethnographique menée auprès d’adolescents a montré que, contre toute attente, l’ennui n’épargnait pas les moments passés devant les écrans. Ceux-ci semblent ouvrir une troisième possibilité, entre distanciation passive et engagement : celle de témoigner de son ennui, sans s’en détourner pour autant. Avec les outils numériques, c’est la gamme d’expressions de l’ennui qui s’est élargie, en offrant de nouvelles ressources a minima, au degré zéro de la symbolisation, ainsi que de nouveaux modes de lecture, signes d’une prédominance du « vécu » sur le « penser » propre à la psyché adolescente.
PRELP Enhances Host Innate Immunity against the Respiratory Tract Pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis
Authors: Liu Guanghui , Ermert David , Johansson Martin E. , Singh Birendra , Su Yu-Ching , Paulsson Magnus , Riesbeck Kristian , Blom Anna M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Respiratory tract infections are one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide urging better understanding of interactions between pathogens causing these infections and the host. Here we report that an extracellular matrix component proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein (PRELP) is a novel antibacterial component of innate immunity. We detected the presence of PRELP in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and showed that PRELP can be found in alveolar fluid, resident macrophages/monocytes, myofibroblasts, and the adventitia of blood vessels in lung tissue. PRELP specifically binds respiratory tract pathogens Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, but not other bacterial pathogens tested. We focused our study on M. catarrhalis and found that PRELP binds the majority of clinical isolates of M. catarrhalis (n = 49) through interaction with the ubiquitous surface protein A2/A2H. M. catarrhalis usually resists complement-mediated serum killing by recruiting to its surface a complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein, which is also a ligand for PRELP. We found that PRELP competitively inhibits binding of C4b-binding protein to bacteria, which enhances membrane attack complex formation on M. catarrhalis and thus leads to increased serum sensitivity. Furthermore, PRELP enhances phagocytic killing of serum-opsonized M. catarrhalis by human neutrophils in vitro. Moreover, PRELP reduces Moraxella adherence to and invasion of human lung epithelial A549 cells. Taken together, PRELP enhances host innate immunity against M. catarrhalis through increasing complement-mediated attack, improving phagocytic killing activity of neutrophils, and preventing bacterial adherence to lung epithelial cells.
Transporte aéreo e Direito Transnacional: da convergência à uniformidade
Authors: Viglino Mickael 
Published: February 2017

Esse trabalho tentará demonstrar que desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial, sob vários aspectos, o direito do transporte aéreo tem se emancipado do direito nacional, desenvolvendo-se normas e padrões transnacionais, de aplicação uniforme sem consideração aos territórios. Analisaremos três exemplos sucessivamente, em um crescendo no que concerne o grau de independência da norma em relação ao Estado.
A primeira parte será dedicada à Organização da Aviação Civil Internacional e ao seu papel central e ativo na regulação do transporte aéreo internacional. Veremos que os padrões e diretrizes produzidos desde então pela Organização têm se distanciado dos Estados para formar um conjunto técnico autônomo. Em seguida, analisaremos a Convenção da Cidade do Cabo de 2001 sobre garantias internacionais sobre equipamentos móveis, que criou um arsenal internacional para proteção dos credores titulares de garantias, no intuito de afastar o assunto da interferência dos Estados na constituição e execução de garantias internacionais. A terceira e última parte versará sobre o papel da International Air Transport Association – IATA na regulação e organização do tráfego aéreo internacional. Associação privada que representa as companhias aéreas internacionais, a IATA elabora e emite normas e padrões seguidos pelo setor inteiro.
Why Toilets Are About Class and Gender Wars with Introduction
Authors: Abdulali Sohaila 
Published: February 2017

Reprint of “Why Toilets are About Class and Gender Wars” by Sohaila Abdulali with introduction by Radical Teacher editor Michael Bennett.Sohaila Abdulali’s article, “Why Toilets are About Class and Gender Wars” has been reprinted with permission from the publisher, HT Media Ltd and can be found in it’s original format at http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/38Jqn3MImrOPK04C1Uw5hN/How-toilets-are-a-flashpoint-for-gender-wars.html. The reprinted article on pages 55-56 is copyrighted to HT Media Ltd and they reserve all rights. The introduction to this article by Michael Bennett is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License.Reprinted with permission by HT Media Ltd, all rights reserved.
Unfinished Revolution: The Arab Spring at the Crossroads
Authors: Idahosa Osaretin , Tonwe Daniel 
Published: February 2017

Currently, the Arab world is going through a critical phase of its collective existence as the entire region is under the grip of a revolutionary fervour. The consequences have both political and economic ramifications. Hitherto, totalitarian and dictatorial regimes in the region had not only tightly controlled the levers of power through political threats and manipulations but had also exploited whatever economic benefits which were available therein. This was accentuated by poor economic performance, unemployment, corruption and inequality that acted as catalysts for a general revolt. This gave birth to what is presently dubbed “Arad Spring’’. Within months of the self immolation of Mohammed Buazizi, Tunisian President, Zine Al-Abidin Ben Ali who had ruled the country for 23years, fled the country. Also in Egypt, the wave of protests swept off President Hosni Mubarak after 29years in office. Despise the regime change in both countries; the political institutions that supported the old order were left intact. As such, the benefactors of the spring were not the masses but the members of the elites that were either supportive of the toppled regimes or their antagonists who used it to secure the much needed elusive political powers. This study is a survey of the countries where the authoritarian regimes have been replaced as a result of the Arab revolts, specifically; Egypt and Tunisia are the case studies. The emphasis is on how unmet expectations and unrealized goals have tended to derail the realization of the initial dreams of the citizenry in these countries.
Comparative Analysis of the Shipping Center Competitiveness of Major Port Cities in China
Authors: Ke Rong , Wang Chuanxu 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
With the development of the Chinese economy, many port cities aim to establish shipping centers. Due to the status of international routes, the scope of the hinterland, the economic development level, the conditions of individual cities, and other factors, different international shipping centers adopt different development strategies. To identify the advantages and disadvantages of individual shipping centers and reasonably determine their relative competitiveness, it is important to establish a competitiveness evaluation index system suitable for evaluating the characteristics of shipping centers. Hierarchical analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis are applied to classify the Chinese shipping centers of main port cities such as Shanghai, Nanjing, Tianjin, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Dalian, Chongqing, and Qingdao. Our method ranks the cities according to both their soft and hard environments to analyze the main influencing factors, as well as establish a corresponding shipping center competitiveness evaluation index system.
« Chez nous, c’est la culture qui est obscène »
Authors: Biron Michel 
Published: February 2017

Pourquoi André Belleau affirme-t-il : « chez nous, c’est la culture qui est obscène » ? Quel est le sens de cette idée étonnante et paradoxale qui constitue le noeud d’un court essai paru en 1977 dans Liberté sous le titre « Culture populaire et culture “sérieuse” dans le roman québécois » ? Cet article cherche à répondre à ces questions en mettant l’accent sur la part honteuse et conflictuelle rattachée au Québec, selon Belleau, à la culture « comme lointain et comme profondeur ».
Modeling of oxygen permeation through filled polymeric layers for barrier coatings
Authors: Nyflött Åsa , Petkova‐Olsson Yana , Moons Ellen , Bonnerup Chris , Järnström Lars , Carlsson Gunilla , Lestelius Magnus , Minelli Matteo 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an extended model for gas permeation through a filled polymer layer, and it is applied to the case of oxygen permeability through a poly(vinyl alcohol)/kaolin dispersion coating. The model is based on a description of polymer and penetrant properties in a thermodynamically consistent framework. The gradient in chemical potential is considered the driving force for the diffusion of the penetrating gas. The well‐established nonequilibrium lattice fluid (NELF) model for the polymer phase is extended in order to account for the additional features of the polymer/filler system, such as the concentration and aspect ratio of the inorganic filler, which enhance the penetrant tortuosity. The model predicts the behavior of penetrant permeability with respect to polymer crystallinity and filler fraction. The calculated results are compared to experimentally obtained data for oxygen permeability through a dispersion coating layer consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) and two types of kaolin with different aspect ratios. A good agreement is found in terms of the effects of polymer crystallinity, filler concentration, and filler aspect ratio. The experimental results also indicate a complex interplay between the polymer and the filler as the permeability of two differently surface modified kaolin clays was determined, displaying slight deviations from model predictions. Significant differences were observed in the experimental results between the two fillers investigated, and the one characterized by the smaller aspect ratio affects to a minor extent the oxygen permeability, as illustrated by the model. Furthermore, the lower hydrolysis degree of PVOH gives a reduced barrier performance, as expected. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44834.
TNFR1 and TNFR2 differentially mediate TNF‐α‐induced inflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes
Authors: Zhang Hongfeng , Xiao Weiguo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTNF‐α has long been implicated in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, how the receptors of TNF‐α, namely TNFR1 and TNFR2, mediate TNF‐α‐induced inflammatory responses in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) in RA has not been elucidated. In the present study, primary FLS cells were isolated from RA patients and treated with TNF‐α in vitro. The exogenous TNF‐α induced the expression and release of endogenous TNF‐α in FLS. In addition, TNF‐α led to gradual downregulation of TNFR1 following 1 h treatment. By contrast, the expression of TNFR2 was markedly upregulated after 12 h treatment with TNF‐α. Moreover, following TNF‐α treatment, the expression of interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐6, and IL‐8 was gradually increased with time, but their mRNA levels dropped significantly at 48 h. We further investigated the differential functions of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in FLS by conducting siRNA‐mediated knockdown. The TNF‐α autocrine was inhibited to a greater extent in TNFR1‐silenced FLS compared with TNFR2‐silenced FLS. Silencing of TNFR1, not TNFR2, activated intrinsic apoptosis and inhibited TNF‐α‐induced cytokine production in FLS. These results suggest that TNFR1 is the major pro‐inflammatory mediator of TNF‐α in FLS, whereas TNFR2, which is upregulated in response to prolonged TNF‐α stimulation, may act as an immunosuppressor in FLS for the prevention of overwhelming inflammatory reactions.
Iron chemistry at the service of life
Authors: Sánchez Manu , Sabio Laura , Gálvez Natividad , Capdevila Mercè , Dominguez‐Vera Jose M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIron is an essential element for almost all organisms on Earth. It is necessary for a number of crucial processes such as hemoglobin and myoglobin transport and storage of oxygen in mammals; electron transfer support in a variety of iron‐sulfur protein or cytochrome reactions; and activation and catalysis of reactions of a wide range of substrate like alkanes, olefins, and alcohols. Living organisms adopted iron as the main metal to carry out all of these functions due to the rich coordination chemistry of its two main redox states, Fe2+ and Fe3+, and because of its abundance in the Earth's crust and oceans. This paper presents an overview of the coordination chemistry of iron that makes it suitable for a large variety of functions within biological systems. Despite iron's chemical advantages, organisms were forced to manage with some drawbacks: Fe3+ insolubility and the formation of toxic radicals, especially the hydroxyl radical. Iron chemistry within biology is an example of how organisms evolved by creating molecular machinery to overcome these difficulties and perform crucial processes with extraordinary elegance and efficiency. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(6):382–388, 2017
Effects of tissue digestion solutions on surface properties of nitinol stents
Authors: Sullivan Stacey J. L. , Stafford Philip , Malkin Elon , Dreher Maureen L. , Nagaraja Srinidhi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAnalysis of explanted medical implants can provide a wealth of knowledge about device safety and performance. However, the quality of information may be compromised if the methods used to clean tissue from the device disturb the retrieved condition. Common solutions used to digest tissue may adversely affect the surface of the device and its severity can be material and processing dependent. In this study, two groups of stents made from the same material (Nitinol) were shape set in a salt pot (SP) or further processed by mechanical polishing (MP) and then immersed in one of three tissue digestion solutions (TDS): nitric acid (HNO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or papain enzyme (papain). Nickel (Ni) ion concentrations were measured for each stent‐TDS combination and post‐immersion stent surface constituents, morphology and oxide depths were compared to baseline samples. Exposure to the HNO3 TDS resulted in relatively high Ni ion release and surface damage for both stent types. Papain TDS induced a greater Ni ion release than NaOH TDS, however, both were significantly lower than HNO3. The NaOH TDS increased the oxide layer thickness on MP stents. In contrast, all other stent immersions resulted in thinner oxide layers. For the Nitinol finishes used in this study, HNO3 is not recommended while papain and NaOH solutions may be appropriate depending on the post‐retrieval analysis performed. This study elucidates the importance of preliminary testing for TDS selection and how the surface finish can affect the sensitivity of a material to a TDS. 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 331–339, 2018.
Effects of intermittent CO2 convection under far‐infrared radiation on vacuum drying of pre‐osmodehydrated watermelon
Authors: Chakraborty Rajat , Mondal Pijus 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDWatermelon, a tropical seasonal fruit with high nutrient content, requires preservation through drying due to its perishable nature. Nevertheless, drying of watermelon through conventional processes has a negative impact either on the drying time or on the final product quality. In this work, osmotic dehydration of watermelon followed by far‐infrared radiation‐assisted vacuum drying (FIRRAVD) was optimized to develop dehydrated watermelon with minimum moisture content. Significantly, during FIRRAVD, an attempt was made to further intensify the drying rate by forced convection through intermittent CO2 injection. Drying kinetics of each operation and physicochemical qualities of dried products were evaluated.RESULTSFIRRAVD was a viable method of watermelon drying with appreciably high moisture diffusivity (Deff,m) of 4.97 × 10−10 to 1.49 × 10−9 m2 s−1 compared to conventional tray drying. Moreover, intermittent CO2 convection during FIRRAVD (ICFIRRAVD) resulted in appreciable intensification of drying rate, with enhanced Deff,m (9.93 × 10−10 to 1.99 × 10−9 m2 s−1). Significantly, ICFIRRAVD required less energy and approximately 16% less time compared to FIRRAVD. The quality of the final dehydrated watermelon was superior compared to conventional drying protocols.CONCLUSIONSThe novel CO2 convective drying of watermelon in the presence of far‐infrared radiation demonstrated an energy‐efficient and time‐saving operation rendering a dehydrated watermelon with acceptable quality parameters. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in epilithic fungal communities under different light conditions in a river: A field experimental study
Authors: Miura Aya , Urabe Jotaro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn lotic ecosystems, the community structure of periphytic fungi changes depending on the quantity and quality of allochthonous organic matter supplied. However, little is known about the effects of the input of autochthonous organic matter on the community structure. To examine the relationship between a periphytic fungal community grown on inorganic substrates and the algal production, we performed field experiments. If the fungal species differ in their relative ability to exploit allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter, the species composition of the fungal community might differ between shaded conditions, without algal production, and light conditions, with algal production. To examine such a possibility, we assessed the fungal community that developed on ceramic tiles that were fixed on opaque or clear pipes at three sites in the Natori River. The experiment showed that the periphytic chlorophyll a and the number of fungal species in the unshaded tiles were significantly greater than those in the shaded tiles. However, a nested structure was not detected between the fungal assemblages of the unshaded and shaded tiles. Instead, the taxon compositions largely differed between these tiles, which indicated most fungal species that colonized the shaded condition were replaced by others in the unshaded condition where algae grew. The results indicate that light facilitate the colonization and growth of several epilithic fungal species through the growth of sessile algae and suggest that not only the supply of autochthonous organic matter but also biological interactions play a pivotal role in shaping the epilithic fungal communities in lotic habitats.