bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spreading depolarization remarkably exacerbates ischemia-induced tissue acidosis in the young and aged rat brain
Authors: Menyhárt Ákos , Zölei-Szénási Dániel , Puskás Tamás , Makra Péter , Orsolya M. Tóth , Szepes Borbála É. , Tóth Réka , Ivánkovits-Kiss Orsolya , Obrenovitch Tihomir P. , Bari Ferenc , Farkas Eszter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSpreading depolarizations (SDs) occur spontaneously in the cerebral cortex of subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke or traumatic brain injury patients. Accumulating evidence prove that SDs exacerbate focal ischemic injury by converting zones of the viable but non-functional ischemic penumbra to the core region beyond rescue. Yet the SD-related mechanisms to mediate neurodegeneration remain poorly understood. Here we show in the cerebral cortex of isoflurane-anesthetized, young and old laboratory rats, that SDs propagating under ischemic penumbra-like conditions decrease intra and- extracellular tissue pH transiently to levels, which have been recognized to cause tissue damage. Further, tissue pH after the passage of each spontaneous SD event remains acidic for over 10 minutes. Finally, the recovery from SD-related tissue acidosis is hampered further by age. We propose that accumulating acid load is an effective mechanism for SD to cause delayed cell death in the ischemic nervous tissue, particularly in the aged brain.
Exploration of the relationship between biogas production and microbial community under high salinity conditions
Authors: Wang Shaojie , Hou Xiaocong , Su Haijia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHigh salinity frequently causes inhibition and even failure in anaerobic digestion. To explore the impact of increasing NaCl concentrations on biogas production, and reveal the microbial community variations in response to high salinity stress, the Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was employed. The results showed that a NaCl concentration of 20 g/L (H group) exhibited a similar level of VFAs and specific CO2 production rate with that in the blank group, thus indicating that the bacterial activity in acidogenesis might not be inhibited. However, the methanogenic activity in the H group was significantly affected compared with that in the blank group, causing a 42.2% decrease in CH4 production, a 37.12% reduction in the specific CH4 generation rate and a lower pH value. Illumina sequencing revealed that microbial communities between the blank and H groups were significantly different. Bacteroides, Clostridium and BA021 uncultured were the dominant species in the blank group while some halotolerant genera, such as Thermovirga, Soehngenia and Actinomyces, dominated and complemented the hydrolytic and acidogenetic abilities in the H group. Additionally, the most abundant archaeal species included Methanosaeta, Methanolinea, Methanospirillum and Methanoculleus in both groups, but hydrogenotrophic methanogens showed a lower resistance to high salinity than aceticlastic methanogens.
Resonant Raman scattering based approaches for the quantitative assessment of nanometric ZnMgO layers in high efficiency chalcogenide solar cells
Authors: Guc Maxim , Hariskos Dimitrios , Calvo-Barrio Lorenzo , Jackson Philip , Oliva Florian , Pistor Paul , Perez-Rodriguez Alejandro , Izquierdo-Roca Victor 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis work reports a detailed resonant Raman scattering analysis of ZnMgO solid solution nanometric layers that are being developed for high efficiency chalcogenide solar cells. This includes layers with thicknesses below 100 nm and compositions corresponding to Zn/(Zn + Mg) content rations in the range between 0% and 30%. The vibrational characterization of the layers grown with different compositions and thicknesses has allowed deepening in the knowledge of the sensitivity of the different Raman spectral features on the characteristics of the layers, corroborating the viability of resonant Raman scattering based techniques for their non-destructive quantitative assessment. This has included a deeper analysis of different experimental approaches for the quantitative assessment of the layer thickness, based on (a) the analysis of the intensity of the ZnMgO main Raman peak; (b) the evaluation of the changes of the intensity of the main Raman peak from the subjacent layer located below the ZnMgO one; and (c) the study of the changes in the relative intensity of the first to second/third order ZnMgO peaks. In all these cases, the implications related to the presence of quantum confinement effects in the nanocrystalline layers grown with different thicknesses have been discussed and evaluated.
Quantum Enhanced Inference in Markov Logic Networks
Authors: Wittek Peter , Gogolin Christian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMarkov logic networks (MLNs) reconcile two opposing schools in machine learning and artificial intelligence: causal networks, which account for uncertainty extremely well, and first-order logic, which allows for formal deduction. An MLN is essentially a first-order logic template to generate Markov networks. Inference in MLNs is probabilistic and it is often performed by approximate methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Gibbs sampling. An MLN has many regular, symmetric structures that can be exploited at both first-order level and in the generated Markov network. We analyze the graph structures that are produced by various lifting methods and investigate the extent to which quantum protocols can be used to speed up Gibbs sampling with state preparation and measurement schemes. We review different such approaches, discuss their advantages, theoretical limitations, and their appeal to implementations. We find that a straightforward application of a recent result yields exponential speedup compared to classical heuristics in approximate probabilistic inference, thereby demonstrating another example where advanced quantum resources can potentially prove useful in machine learning.
Ultrahigh Responsivity and Detectivity Graphene–Perovskite Hybrid Phototransistors by Sequential Vapor Deposition
Authors: Chang Po-Han , Liu Shang-Yi , Lan Yu-Bing , Tsai Yi-Chen , You Xue-Qian , Li Chia-Shuo , Huang Kuo-You , Chou Ang-Sheng , Cheng Tsung-Chin , Wang Juen-Kai , Wu Chih-I 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this work, graphene-methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite hybrid phototransistors fabricated by sequential vapor deposition are demonstrated. Ultrahigh responsivity of 1.73 × 107 A W−1 and detectivity of 2 × 1015 Jones are achieved, with extremely high effective quantum efficiencies of about 108% in the visible range (450–700 nm). This excellent performance is attributed to the ultra-flat perovskite films grown by vapor deposition on the graphene sheets. The hybrid structure of graphene covered with uniform perovskite has high exciton separation ability under light exposure, and thus efficiently generates photocurrents. This paper presents photoluminescence (PL) images along with statistical analysis used to study the photo-induced exciton behavior. Both uniform and dramatic PL intensity quenching has been observed over entire measured regions, consistently demonstrating excellent exciton separation in the devices.
Structure and Variability of the North Equatorial Current/Undercurrent from Mooring Measurements at 130°E in the Western Pacific
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Wang Fu Jun , Wang Qingye , Hu Shijian , Wang Fan , Hu Dunxin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe mean structure and variability of the North Equatorial Current/Undercurrent (NEC/NEUC) are investigated with one-year Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers measurements from 4 subsurface moorings deployed at 10.5°N, 13°N, 15.5°N, and 18°N along 130°E in the western Pacific. The strong westward flowing NEC ranges from the sea surface down to 400 m, and the mean zonal velocity of the NEC at 10.5°N is around −30 cm/s at the depth of 70 m. Eastward flowing NEUC jets are detected below the NEC at 10.5°N and 13°N, and the depth of the NEUC could reach at least 900 m. The mean velocity of the NEUC is around 4.2 cm/s at 800 m. No eastward undercurrents are observed at 15°N and 18°N. The mooring measurements also reveal a strong intraseasonal variability of the currents at all 4 mooring sites, and the period is around 70–120 days. The vertical structure of this intraseasonal variability varies at different latitudes. The variability of the NEUC jets at 10.5°N and 13°N appears to be dominated by subthermocline signals, while the variability of the currents at 15.5°N and 18°N is dominated by surface-intensified signals.
GaAs1−xBix/GaNyAs1−y type-II quantum wells: novel strain-balanced heterostructures for GaAs-based near- and mid-infrared photonics
Authors: Broderick Christopher A. , Jin Shirong , Marko Igor P. , Hild Konstanze , Ludewig Peter , Bushell Zoe L. , Stolz Wolfgang , Rorison Judy M. , O’Reilly Eoin P. , Volz Kerstin , Sweeney Stephen J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe potential to extend the emission wavelength of photonic devices further into the near- and mid-infrared via pseudomorphic growth on conventional GaAs substrates is appealing for a number of communications and sensing applications. We present a new class of GaAs-based quantum well (QW) heterostructure that exploits the unusual impact of Bi and N on the GaAs band structure to produce type-II QWs having long emission wavelengths with little or no net strain relative to GaAs, while also providing control over important laser loss processes. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate the potential of GaAs1−xBix/GaNyAs1−y type-II QWs on GaAs and show that this approach offers optical emission and absorption at wavelengths up to ~3 µm utilising strain-balanced structures, a first for GaAs-based QWs. Experimental measurements on a prototype GaAs0.967Bi0.033/GaN0.062As0.938 structure, grown via metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy, indicate good structural quality and exhibit both photoluminescence and absorption at room temperature. The measured photoluminescence peak wavelength of 1.72 μm is in good agreement with theoretical calculations and is one of the longest emission wavelengths achieved on GaAs to date using a pseudomorphically grown heterostructure. These results demonstrate the significant potential of this new class of III-V heterostructure for long-wavelength applications.
Male African elephants discriminate and prefer vocalizations of unfamiliar females
Authors: Stoeger Angela S. , Baotic Anton 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGaining information about conspecifics via long-distance vocalizations is crucial for social and spatially flexible species such as the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Female elephants are known to discriminate individuals and kin based on acoustic cues. Specifically, females approached the loudspeaker exclusively with playbacks of familiar individuals with high association indexes, intentionally fusing with their affiliates. For males, which are less bonded, gathering social information via vocalizations could still have important implications, but little is known about their vocal discrimination skills. We experimentally tested the ability of male African elephants to discriminate the social rumbles of familiar (from the same population) versus unfamiliar females. Male elephants discriminated and preferentially moved towards the rumbles of unfamiliar females, showing longer attentive reactions and significantly more orientating (facing and approaching the speaker) behavior. The increased orientating response of males towards playbacks of unfamiliar females is converse to the reaction of female subjects. Our results provide evidence that male elephants extract social information from vocalizations, yet with a different intention than females. Accordingly, males might use social cues in vocalizations to assess mating opportunities, which may involve selection to identify individuals or kin in order to avoid inbreeding.
Increased spontaneous MEG signal diversity for psychoactive doses of ketamine, LSD and psilocybin
Authors: Schartner Michael M. , Carhart-Harris Robin L. , Barrett Adam B. , Seth Anil K. , Muthukumaraswamy Suresh D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWhat is the level of consciousness of the psychedelic state? Empirically, measures of neural signal diversity such as entropy and Lempel-Ziv (LZ) complexity score higher for wakeful rest than for states with lower conscious level like propofol-induced anesthesia. Here we compute these measures for spontaneous magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals from humans during altered states of consciousness induced by three psychedelic substances: psilocybin, ketamine and LSD. For all three, we find reliably higher spontaneous signal diversity, even when controlling for spectral changes. This increase is most pronounced for the single-channel LZ complexity measure, and hence for temporal, as opposed to spatial, signal diversity. We also uncover selective correlations between changes in signal diversity and phenomenological reports of the intensity of psychedelic experience. This is the first time that these measures have been applied to the psychedelic state and, crucially, that they have yielded values exceeding those of normal waking consciousness. These findings suggest that the sustained occurrence of psychedelic phenomenology constitutes an elevated level of consciousness - as measured by neural signal diversity.
Clinical-pharmacogenetic models for personalized cancer treatment: application to malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Goričar Katja , Kovač Viljem , Dolžan Vita 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLarge interindividual differences in treatment outcome are observed in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Our aim was to develop and validate clinical-pharmacogenetic prediction models of gemcitabine/cisplatin or pemetrexed/cisplatin treatment outcome and develop an algorithm for genotype-based treatment recommendations in malignant mesothelioma (MM). We genotyped 189 MM patients for polymorphisms in gemcitabine, pemetrexed and cisplatin metabolism, transport and drug target genes and DNA repair pathways. To build respective clinical-pharmacogenetic models, pharmacogenetic scores were assigned by rounding regression coefficients. Gemcitabine/cisplatin model was based on training group of 71 patients and included CRP, histological type, performance status, RRM1 rs1042927, ERCC2 rs13181, ERCC1 rs3212986, and XRCC1 rs25487. Patients with higher score had shorter progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (P < 0.001). This model’s sensitivity was 0.615 and specificity 0.812. In independent validation group of 66 patients the sensitivity and specificity were 0.667 and 0.641, respectively. Pemetrexed/cisplatin model was based on 57 patients and included CRP, MTHFD1 rs2236225, and ABCC2 rs2273697. Patients with higher score had worse response and shorter PFS (P < 0.001). This model’s sensitivity was 0.750 and specificity 0.607. In independent validation group of 20 patients the sensitivity and specificity were 0.889 and 0.500, respectively. The proposed algorithm based on these models could enable the choice of the most effective chemotherapy for 85.5% of patients and lead to improved treatment outcome in MM.
Dynamic through-silicon-via filling process using copper electrochemical deposition at different current densities
Authors: Wang Fuliang , Zhao Zhipeng , Nie Nantian , Wang Feng , Zhu Wenhui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis work demonstrates the dynamic through-silicon-via (TSV) filling process through staged electrodeposition experiments at different current densities. Different morphologies corresponding to TSV filling results can be obtained by controlling the applied current density. Specifically, a low current density (4 mA/cm2) induces seam defect filling, a medium current density (7 mA/cm2) induces defect-free filling, and a high current density (10 mA/cm2) induces void defect filling. Analysis of the filling coefficient indicates that the effect of current density on the TSV filling models is triggered by the coupling effect of consumption and diffusion of additives and copper ions. Further, the morphological evolution of plating reveals that the local deposition rate is affected by the geometrical characteristics of the plating.
Structural basis of inhibition of lipid-linked oligosaccharide flippase PglK by a conformational nanobody
Authors: Perez Camilo , Köhler Martin , Janser Daniel , Pardon Els , Steyaert Jan , Zenobi Renato , Locher Kaspar P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPglK is an ABC transporter that flips a lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) that serves as a donor in protein N-glycosylation. Previous structures revealed two inward-facing conformations, both with very large separations of the nucleotide binding domains (NBDs), and a closed, ADP-bound state that featured an occluded cavity. To investigate additional states, we developed conformation-sensitive, single-domain camelid nanobodies (Nb) and studied their effect on PglK activity. Biochemical, structural, and mass spectrometric analyses revealed that one inhibitory Nb binds as a single copy to homodimeric PglK. The co-crystal structure of this Nb and ADP-bound PglK revealed a new, narrowly inward-open conformation. Rather than inducing asymmetry in the PglK homodimer, the binding of one Nb results in steric constraints that prevent a second Nb to access the symmetry-related site in PglK. The Nb performed its inhibitory role by a “sticky-doorstop” mechanism, where inhibition of ATP hydrolysis and LLO flipping activity occurs due to impaired closing of the NBD interface, which prevents PglK from converting to an outward-open conformation. This inhibitory mode suggests tight conformational coupling between the ATPase sites, which may apply to other ABC transporters.
Enantioselective Approaches to 3,4-Annulated Indoles Using Organocatalytic Domino Reactions
Authors: Fochi Mariafrancesca , Bernardi Luca , Caruana Lorenzo 
Published: April 2017

Organocatalytic domino reactions of 4-substituted indoles are summarized in this account. Two reactions have been developed, one with enals, activated by secondary amine catalysts via iminium ions, and one with nitroethene, using a phosphoric acid catalyst. Both reactions required solving the challenge posed by the very low nucleo­philicity of the indole substrates, which bear an electron-withdrawing Michael acceptor at C4. DFT calculations were used to shed light on the unique reaction pathway followed by the phosphoric acid catalyzed transformation, wherein a bicoordinated nitronic acid intermediate was found to evolve preferentially through an intramolecular nitro-Michael reaction, instead of the common tautomerization pathway. These reactions provide new and efficient entries to 3,4-ring-fused indoles in dia­stereo- and enantioenriched form. In more detail, the structures obtained feature a 1,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[cd]indole core, which is present in the structural framework of ergot alkaloids. Indeed, the preparation of an intermediate previously used in ergot alkaloid (6,7-secoagroclavine) synthesis was possible from one of the catalytic adducts.1	Introduction2	Reactions of 4-Substituted Indoles with α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes Catalyzed by Secondary Amines3	Reactions of 4-Substituted Indoles with Nitroethene Catalyzed by Brønsted Acids4	Conclusion
Gutachtliche Beurteilung des traumatischen Bandscheibenvorfalls
Authors: Schwarze Martin , Weber Marc-André , Bucur Florin , Schiltenwolf Marcus 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungIn einer Vielzahl von Rechtsgebieten soll der Sachverständige die Kausalität von Bandscheibenschäden klären: Ist der Schaden Folge eines Unfalls? Die Literatur nennt spezifische Anforderungen an den Traumamechanismus sowie zeitliche Kriterien, welche die Kausalitätsprüfung vorgeben. Es handelt sich im Wesentlichen um hochenergetische Traumen mit unmittelbar einsetzenden Funktionsstörungen. Unfallnahe MRT-Untersuchungen haben im gutachterlichen Beurteilungsprozess überragende Bedeutung zur Sicherung des Körpererstschadens. Bei der Prüfung des haftungsbegründenden Zusammenhangs müssen konkurrierende Ursachen gewürdigt werden. Da sich die juristischen Anforderungen der Kausalitätsprüfung in Zivil- und Sozialrecht unterscheiden, bedarf es der Kenntnis der Rechtsnormen. Ein Prüfschema wird vorgestellt, das den Begutachtungsprozess über Einstiegs-, Realisierungs- und Entscheidungsebene unterstützt.
Reconstructing the spectrotemporal modulations of real-life sounds from fMRI response patterns
Authors: Santoro Roberta , Moerel Michelle , De Martino Federico , Valente Giancarlo , Ugurbil Kamil , Yacoub Essa , Formisano Elia 
Published: April 2017

Significance
The sounds we encounter in everyday life (e.g. speech, voices, animal cries, wind, rain) are complex and various. How the human brain analyses their acoustics remains largely unknown. This research shows that mathematical modelling in combination with high spatial resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging enables reverse engineering of the human brain computations underlying real-life listening. Importantly, the research reveals that even general auditory processing mechanisms in the human brain are optimized for fine-grained analysis of the most behaviorally relevant sounds (i.e., speech, voices). Most likely, this observation reflects the evolutionary feat that, for humans, discriminating between speech sounds is more crucial than distinguishing, for example, between barking dogs.
Gaussian elimination for sparse matrices: an introduction
Authors: Duff I. S. , Erisman A. M. , Reid J. K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis chapter provides an introduction to the use of Gaussian elimination for solving sets of linear equations that are sparse. We examine the three principle phases of most computer programs for this task: ANALYSE, FACTORIZE, and SOLVE. We stress the importance of acceptable overheads and of numerical stability, but are not concerned with algorithmic or implementation details which are the subjects of later chapters.
Implementing Gaussian elimination without symbolic factorize
Authors: Duff I. S. , Erisman A. M. , Reid J. K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe describe the implementation of the ordering and solution algorithms of Chapter 7, emphasizing the use of a dynamic data structure for the pivoting strategy of Markowitz (1957) for unsymmetric matrices. We also study the use of static data structures for numerical factorization and solution. We examine hybrid techniques that combine sparse and dense matrix manipulation, methods based on code generation, and the use of drop tolerances. We consider various ways in which these approaches have been adapted to exploit parallelism.
The solve phase
Authors: Duff I. S. , Erisman A. M. , Reid J. K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe examine the SOLVE phase in the direct solution of sparse systems. Here we assume that the factors have been computed and we study the efficient use of these to determine the solution through forward and back-substitution. We use the trees described in the previous chapters to study the efficient solution of sparse right-hand sides including the computation of null-space bases. We consider the parallelization of the SOLVE phase.