bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generative rules of Drosophila locomotor behavior as a candidate homology across phyla
Authors: Gomez-Marin Alex , Oron Efrat , Gakamsky Anna , Dan Valente  , Benjamini Yoav , Golani Ilan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe discovery of shared behavioral processes across phyla is a significant step in the establishment of a comparative study of behavior. We use immobility as an origin and reference for the measurement of fly locomotor behavior; speed, walking direction and trunk orientation as the degrees of freedom shaping this behavior; and cocaine as the parameter inducing progressive transitions in and out of immobility. We characterize and quantify the generative rules that shape Drosophila locomotor behavior, bringing about a gradual buildup of kinematic degrees of freedom during the transition from immobility to normal behavior, and the opposite narrowing down into immobility. Transitions into immobility unfold via sequential enhancement and then elimination of translation, curvature and finally rotation. Transitions out of immobility unfold by progressive addition of these degrees of freedom in the opposite order. The same generative rules have been found in vertebrate locomotor behavior in several contexts (pharmacological manipulations, ontogeny, social interactions) involving transitions in-and-out of immobility. Recent claims for deep homology between arthropod central complex and vertebrate basal ganglia provide an opportunity to examine whether the rules we report also share common descent. Our approach prompts the discovery of behavioral homologies, contributing to the elusive problem of behavioral evolution.
Transient autonomic responses during sustained attention in high and low fit young adults
Authors: Luque-Casado Antonio , Perakakis Pandelis , Ciria Luis F. , Sanabria Daniel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMaintaining vigilance over long periods of time is especially critical in performing fundamental everyday activities and highly responsible professional tasks (e.g., driving, performing surgery or piloting). Here, we investigated the role of aerobic fitness as a crucial factor related to the vigilance capacity. To this end, two groups of young adult participants (high-fit and low-fit) were compared in terms of reaction time (RT) performance and event-related heart rate responses in a 60′ version of the psychomotor vigilance task. The results showed shorter RTs in high-fit participants, but only during the first 24′ of the task. Crucially, this period of improved performance was accompanied by a decelerative cardiac response pattern present only in the high-fit group that also disappeared after the first 24′. In conclusion, high aerobic fitness was related to a pattern of transient autonomic responses suggestive of an attentive preparatory state that coincided with improved behavioural performance and that was sustained for 24′. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the role of the autonomic nervous system reactivity in the relationship between fitness and cognition in general and sustained attention in particular.
Disruption of Slc52a3 gene causes neonatal lethality with riboflavin deficiency in mice
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hiroki , Yonezawa Atsushi , Yamanishi Kaori , Yao Yoshiaki , Sugano Kumiko , Nakagawa Shunsaku , Imai Satoshi , Omura Tomohiro , Nakagawa Takayuki , Yano Ikuko , Masuda Satohiro , Inui Ken-ichi , Matsubara Kazuo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHomeostasis of riboflavin should be maintained by transporters. Previous in vitro studies have elucidated basic information about riboflavin transporter RFVT3 encoded by SLC52A3 gene. However, the contribution of RFVT3 to the maintenance of riboflavin homeostasis and the significance in vivo remain unclear. Here, we investigated the physiological role of RFVT3 using Slc52a3 knockout (Slc52a3−/−) mice. Most Slc52a3−/− mice died with hyperlipidemia and hypoglycemia within 48 hr after birth. The plasma and tissue riboflavin concentrations in Slc52a3−/− mice at postnatal day 0 were dramatically lower than those in wild-type (WT) littermates. Slc52a3−/− fetuses showed a lower capacity of placental riboflavin transport compared with WT fetuses. Riboflavin supplement during pregnancy and after birth reduced neonatal death and metabolic disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first report to indicate that Rfvt3 contributes to placental riboflavin transport, and that disruption of Slc52a3 gene caused neonatal mortality with hyperlipidemia and hypoglycemia owing to riboflavin deficiency.
Physico-Chemical Condition Optimization during Biosynthesis lead to development of Improved and Catalytically Efficient Gold Nano Particles
Authors: Kumari Madhuree , Mishra Aradhana , Pandey Shipra , Singh Satyendra Pratap , Chaudhry Vasvi , Mudiam Mohana Krishna Reddy , Shukla Shatrunajay , Kakkar Poonam , Nautiyal Chandra Shekhar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBiosynthesis of nanoparticles has gained great attention in making the process cost-effective and eco-friendly, but there are limited reports which describe the interdependency of physical parameters for tailoring the dimension and geometry of nanoparticles during biological synthesis. In the present study, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of various shapes and sizes were obtained by modulating different physical parameters using Trichoderma viride filtrate. The particles were characterized on the basis of visual observation, dynamic light scattering, UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X ray diffraction. While the size varied from 2–500 nm, the shapes obtained were nanospheres, nanotriangles, nanopentagons, nanohexagons, and nanosheets. Changing the parameters such as pH, temperature, time, substrate, and culture filtrate concentration influenced the size and geometry of nanoparticles. Catalytic activity of the biosynthesized GNP was evaluated by UV-visible spectroscopy and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis for the conversion of 4-nitrophenol into 4-aminophenol which was strongly influenced by their structure and dimension. Common practices for biodegradation are traditional, expensive, require large amount of raw material, and time taking. Controlling shapes and sizes of nanoparticles could revolutionize the process of biodegradation that can remove all the hurdles in current scenario.
MC1R is dispensable for the proteinuria reducing and glomerular protective effect of melanocortin therapy
Authors: Qiao Yingjin , Berg Anna-Lena , Wang Pei , Ge Yan , Quan Songxia , Zhou Sijie , Wang Hai , Liu Zhangsuo , Gong Rujun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMelanocortin therapy by using adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or non-steroidogenic melanocortin peptides attenuates proteinuria and glomerular injury in experimental glomerular diseases and induces remission of nephrotic syndrome in patients with diverse glomerulopathies, even those resistant to steroids. The underlying mechanism remains elusive, but the role of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) has been implicated and was examined here. Four patients with congenital red hair color and nephrotic syndrome caused by idiopathic membranous nephropathy or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis were confirmed by gene sequencing to bear dominant-negative MC1R mutations. Despite prior corticosteroid resistance, all patients responded to ACTH monotherapy and ultimately achieved clinical remission, inferring a steroidogenic-independent and MC1R-dispensable anti-proteinuric effect of melanocortin signaling. In confirmatory animal studies, the protective effect of [Nle4, D-Phe7]-α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH), a potent non-steroidogenic pan-melanocortin receptor agonist, on the lipopolysaccharide elicited podocytopathy was completely preserved in MC1R-null mice, marked by reduced albuminuria and diminished histologic signs of podocyte injury. Moreover, in complementary in vitro studies, NDP-MSH attenuated the lipopolysaccharide elicited apoptosis, hypermotility and impairment of filtration barrier function equally in primary podocytes derived from MC1R-null and wild-type mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that melanocortin therapy confers a proteinuria reducing and podoprotective effect in proteinuric glomerulopathies via MC1R-independent mechanisms.
The ORF3 Protein of Genotype 1 Hepatitis E Virus Suppresses TLR3-induced NF-κB Signaling via TRADD and RIP1
Authors: He Man , Wang Min , Huang Ying , Peng Wenju , Zheng Zizheng , Xia Ningshao , Xu Jian , Tian Deying 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 1 infection is common and can emerge as outbreaks in developing areas, thus posing a threat to public health. However, due to the absence of feasible animal models, the mechanism of HE pathogenesis remains obscure. The HEV pathogenic mechanism has been suggested to be mediated by the immune system and not by direct viral duplication. We firstly discovered that the open reading frame 3 (ORF3) protein of genotype 1 HEV downregulates TLR3-mediated NF-κB signaling in Human A549 Lung Epithelial Cells (A549 cells) which were exposed to different TLR agonists associated with viral nucleic acids. Additionally, we identified the P2 domain of ORF3 as being responsible for this inhibition. Intriguingly, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD) expression and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) K63-ubiquitination were reduced in the presence of both ORF3 and Poly(I:C). Furthermore, we found that Lys377 of RIP1 acts as the functional ubiquitination site for ORF3-associated inhibition. Overall, we found that ORF3 protein downregulates TLR3-mediated NF-κB signaling via TRADD and RIP1. Our findings provide a new perspective on the cellular response in HEV infection and expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HEV pathogenesis in innate immunity.
Enhancement of toughness and wear resistance in boron nitride nanoplatelet (BNNP) reinforced Si3N4 nanocomposites
Authors: Lee Bin , Lee Dongju , Lee Jun Ho , Ryu Ho Jin , Hong Soon Hyung 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCeramics have superior hardness, strength and corrosion resistance, but are also associated with poor toughness. Here, we propose the boron nitride nanoplatelet (BNNP) as a novel toughening reinforcement component to ceramics with outstanding mechanical properties and high-temperature stability. We used a planetary ball-milling process to exfoliate BNNPs in a scalable manner and functionalizes them with polystyrene sulfonate. Non-covalently functionalized BNNPs were homogeneously dispersed with Si3N4 powders using a surfactant and then consolidated by hot pressing. The fracture toughness of the BNNP/Si3N4 nanocomposite increased by as much as 24.7% with 2 vol.% of BNNPs. Furthermore, BNNPs enhanced strength (9.4%) and the tribological properties (26.7%) of the ceramic matrix. Microstructural analyzes have shown that the toughening mechanisms are combinations of the pull-out, crack bridging, branching and blunting mechanisms.
Abnormal regional homogeneity as potential imaging biomarker for psychosis risk syndrome: a resting-state fMRI study and support vector machine analysis
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang Guodong , Lv Hailong , Wu Renrong , Zhao Jingping , Guo Wenbin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSubjects with psychosis risk syndrome (PRS) have structural and functional abnormalities in several brain regions. However, regional functional synchronization of PRS has not been clarified. We recruited 34 PRS subjects and 37 healthy controls. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) of resting-state functional magnetic resonance scans was employed to analyze regional functional synchronization in these participants. Receiver operating characteristic curves and support vector machines were used to detect whether abnormal regional functional synchronization could be utilized to separate PRS subjects from healthy controls. We observed that PRS subjects showed significant ReHo decreases in the left inferior temporal gyrus and increases in the right inferior frontal gyrus and right putamen compared with the controls. No correlations between abnormal regional functional synchronization in these brain regions and clinical characteristics existed. A combination of the ReHo values in the three brain regions showed sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 88.24%, 91.89% and 90.14%, respectively, for discriminating PRS subjects from healthy controls. We inferred that abnormal regional functional synchronization exists in the cerebrum of PRS subjects and a combination of ReHo values in these abnormal regions could be applied as potential image biomarker to identify PRS subjects from healthy controls.
Increased airway glucose increases airway bacterial load in hyperglycaemia
Authors: Gill Simren K. , Hui Kailyn , Farne Hugo , Garnett James P. , Baines Deborah L. , Moore Luke S.P. , Holmes Alison H. , Filloux Alain , Tregoning John S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDiabetes is associated with increased frequency of hospitalization due to bacterial lung infection. We hypothesize that increased airway glucose caused by hyperglycaemia leads to increased bacterial loads. In critical care patients, we observed that respiratory tract bacterial colonisation is significantly more likely when blood glucose is high. We engineered mutants in genes affecting glucose uptake and metabolism (oprB, gltK, gtrS and glk) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, strain PAO1. These mutants displayed attenuated growth in minimal medium supplemented with glucose as the sole carbon source. The effect of glucose on growth in vivo was tested using streptozocin-induced, hyperglycaemic mice, which have significantly greater airway glucose. Bacterial burden in hyperglycaemic animals was greater than control animals when infected with wild type but not mutant PAO1. Metformin pre-treatment of hyperglycaemic animals reduced both airway glucose and bacterial load. These data support airway glucose as a critical determinant of increased bacterial load during diabetes.
Take Charge of Pain: evaluating a community‐targeted self‐management education program for people with musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Hoon Elizabeth , Smith Karen , Black Julie , Burnet Simon , Hill Catherine , Gill Tiffany K. 
Published: June 2016

Issue addressedMusculoskeletal conditions are highly prevalent, affecting 28% of the Australian population. Given the persistent nature of many musculoskeletal conditions self‐management is recognised as an important aspect of effective disease management. However, participant recruitment and retention for formal self‐management programs is a challenge.MethodsArthritis SA (Arthritis Foundation of South Australia, a non‐profit community health organisation) redesigned a shorter, community‐orientated self‐management education program delivered by health professionals. The program utilises aspects of the Stanford model of chronic disease self‐management and motivational interviewing as well as principles of adult learning to create an effective learning environment. The program aims to guide participants to learn and practise a range of pain management strategies that are known to be effective in improving quality of life. This study used a pre‐ and post‐test (at 6 weeks) design to determine whether this program achieved benefits in self‐reported health outcomes. Outcomes that were measured included pain, fatigue, health distress, self‐efficacy and communication.ResultsA response rate of 47% (n = 102) was achieved and small but statistically significant improvements in mean [s.d.] pain scores (6.1 [2.3] to 5.4 [2.4], P = 0.001), health distress (2.3 [1.3] to 2.0 [1.3], P = 0.002) and self‐efficacy (6.2 [2.1] to 6.8 [2.2], P = 0.002) were found.ConclusionCommunity‐based participants of this shorter, focused program recorded small but significant improvements in self‐reported pain, health distress and self‐efficacy. For those who completed the current program, Arthritis SA is currently exploring the potential of developing a booster session to promote sustainable positive health outcomes.So what?Supporting self‐management through education is recognised as important but also as a key challenge for effective management of musculoskeletal conditions. Using a pre‐post evaluation design, this study demonstrated effectiveness (shortterm improvements for self‐reported pain, health distress and self‐efficacy) for a redesigned and shortened communitytargeted program focusing on musculoskeletal pain.
Three-dimensional bioprinting speeds up smart regenerative medicine
Authors: Gu Qi , Zhu He , Li Jing , Li Xia , Hao Jie , Wallace Gordon G. , Zhou Qi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Biological materials can actively participate in the formation of bioactive organs and can even control cell fate to form functional tissues that we name as the smart regenerative medicine (SRM). The SRM requires interdisciplinary efforts to finalize the pre-designed organs. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, as an additive manufacturing technology, has been widely used in various fields due to its high resolution and individuation. In SRM, with the assistance of 3D printing, cells and biomaterials could be precisely positioned to construct complicated tissues. This review summarizes the state of the SRM advances and focuses in particular on the 3D printing application in biofabrication. We further discuss the issues of SRM development and finally propose some approaches for future 3D printing, which involves SRM.
Assessing real-time Zika risk in the United States
Authors: Castro Lauren A , Fox Spencer J , Chen Xi , Liu Kai , Bellan Steve , Dimitrov Nedialko B , Galvani Alison P , Meyers Lauren Ancel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundConfirmed local transmission of Zika Virus (ZIKV) in Texas and Florida have heightened the need for early and accurate indicators of self-sustaining transmission in high risk areas across the southern United States. Given ZIKV’s low reporting rates and the geographic variability in suitable conditions, a cluster of reported cases may reflect diverse scenarios, ranging from independent introductions to a self-sustaining local epidemic.MethodsWe present a quantitative framework for real-time ZIKV risk assessment that captures uncertainty in case reporting, importations, and vector-human transmission dynamics.ResultsWe assessed county-level risk throughout Texas, as of summer 2016, and found that importation risk was concentrated in large metropolitan regions, while sustained ZIKV transmission risk is concentrated in the southeastern counties including the Houston metropolitan region and the Texas-Mexico border (where the sole autochthonous cases have occurred in 2016). We found that counties most likely to detect cases are not necessarily the most likely to experience epidemics, and used our framework to identify triggers to signal the start of an epidemic based on a policymakers propensity for risk.ConclusionsThis framework can inform the strategic timing and spatial allocation of public health resources to combat ZIKV throughout the US, and highlights the need to develop methods to obtain reliable estimates of key epidemiological parameters.
Functional anatomy inspires recognition of EdiacaranDickinsoniaand similar fossils as Mollusca (Coleoidea) and precursors of Cambrian Nectocaridids and extant cuttlefish and squid
Authors: Cohen Bernard L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA functional interpretation of the problematic Ediacaran fossilsPodolimurusand similar organisms such asDickinsoniaindicates that they are hitherto unrecognized members of Mollusca: Coleoidea and precursors of Cambrian Nectocaridids and of extant cuttlefish and squid. This interpretation enables a new understanding of their taphonomy and reveals how this has deceived previous attempts to understand them.
cgCorrect: A method to correct for confounding cell-cell variation due to cell growth in single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: Blasi Thomas , Buettner Florian , Strasser Michael K. , Marr Carsten , Theis Fabian J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMotivation: Accessing gene expression at the single cell level has unraveled often large heterogeneity among seemingly homogeneous cells, which remained obscured in traditional population based approaches. The computational analysis of single-cell transcriptomics data, however, still imposes unresolved challenges with respect to normalization, visualization and modeling the data. One such issue are differences in cell size, which introduce additional variability into the data, for which appropriate normalization techniques are needed. Otherwise, these differences in cell size may obscure genuine heterogeneities among cell populations and lead to overdispersed steady-state distributions of mRNA transcript numbers.Results: We present cgCorrect, a statistical framework to correct for differences in cell size that are due to cell growth in single-cell transcriptomics data. We derive the probability for the cell growth corrected mRNA transcript number given the measured, cell size dependent mRNA transcript number, based on the assumption that the average number of transcripts in a cell increases proportional to the cell’s volume during cell cycle. cgCorrect can be used for both data normalization, and to analyze steady-state distributions used to infer the gene expression mechanism. We demonstrate its applicability on both simulated data and single-cell quantitative real-time PCR data from mouse blood stem and progenitor cells. We show that correcting for differences in cell size affects the interpretation of the data obtained by typically performed computational analysis.Availability: A Matlab implementation of cgCorrect is available at http://icb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/cgCorrectSupplementary information: Supplementary information are available online. The simulated data set is available at http://icb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/cgCorrect
Biologically plausible learning in recurrent neural networks reproduces neural dynamics observed during cognitive tasks
Authors: Miconi Thomas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNeural activity during cognitive tasks exhibits complex dynamics that flexibly encode task-relevant variables. Chaotic recurrent networks, which spontaneously generate rich dynamics, have been proposed as a model of cortical computation during cognitive tasks. However, existing methods for training these networks are either biologically implausible, and/or require a continuous, real-time error signal to guide learning. Here we show that a biologically plausible learning rule can train such recurrent networks, guided solely by delayed, phasic rewards at the end of each trial. Networks endowed with this learning rule can successfully learn nontrivial tasks requiring flexible (context-dependent) associations, memory maintenance, nonlinear mixed selectivities, and coordination among multiple outputs. The resulting networks replicate complex dynamics previously observed in animal cortex, such as dynamic encoding of task features and selective integration of sensory inputs. We conclude that recurrent neural networks offer a plausible model of cortical dynamics during both learning and performance of flexible behavior.