bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital anomalies of lumbosacral spine: A pictorial review
Authors: Naffaa Lena , Irani Neville , Saade Charbel , Sreedher Gayathi 
Published: April 2017

SummaryCongenital malformations of the lumbosacral spine include spinal dysraphism and caudal anomalies. Most often, these malformations are discovered prenatally or in early infancy, but some are not diagnosed until late childhood or adulthood. The purpose of this pictorial review is to illustrate the multi‐modality imaging characteristics in these complex anomalies and to provide a systematic radiological approach aiming at improving diagnostic accuracy.
The influence of institutional contexts on the relationship between voluntary carbon disclosure and carbon emission performance
Authors: Luo Le 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between the level of voluntary carbon disclosure (VCD) and carbon emission performance and how the institutional context influences this relationship. Using a sample of Global 500 firms participating in the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) over the period 2008–2015, the evidence shows a negative relationship between voluntary carbon disclosure and carbon emission performance, which is consistent with the legitimacy theory that VCD may be undertaken for the purposes of legitimation. However, stringent carbon institutions appear to restrict legitimation attempts and help better reflect underlying performance.
Evaluating fund capacity: issues and methods
Authors: O'Neill Michael J. , Warren Geoffrey J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe examine the issues and methods involved in evaluating the size that an equity fund might attain before it becomes unable to create additional value for investors. We discuss how capacity is defined, identify ten drivers and outline methods for conducting capacity analysis. We detail models that predict capacity, assuming that a fund adjusts the manner in which it trades and constructs portfolios as funds under management grow. We also provide an overview of transaction cost modelling, which is integral to predicting capacity. This study is primarily intended as an aid for investment industry participants who wish to evaluate the capacity associated with a given investment signal.
Suicide among immigrant population in Norway: a national register‐based study
Authors: Puzo Q. , Mehlum L. , Qin P. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate differences in suicide risk among immigrant population in Norway compared with native Norwegians, with respect to associated country group of origin.MethodsBased on the entire national population, a nested case‐control design was adopted using Norwegian national longitudinal registers to obtain 23 073 suicide cases having occurred in 1969–2012 and 373 178 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) for suicide were estimated using conditional logistic regression analysis adjusting for socio‐economic factors.ResultsCompared with native Norwegians, suicide risk was significantly lower in first‐ and second‐generation immigrants but higher in Norwegian‐born with one foreign‐born parent and foreign‐born individuals with at least one Norwegian‐born parent. When stratifying data by country group of origin, first‐generation immigrants had lower ORs in most of the strata. Subjects born in Asia and in Central and South America with at least one Norwegian‐born parent had a significantly higher risk of suicide. The observed results remained mostly unchanged in the analyses controlled for socio‐economic status.ConclusionsSuicide risk is lower in first‐ and second‐generation immigrants but higher in subjects born in Norway with one foreign‐born parent and those born abroad with at least one Norwegian‐born parent, with notable differences by country group of origin.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms in pregnant Australian Indigenous women residing in rural and remote New South Wales: A cross‐sectional descriptive study
Authors: Mah Beth , Weatherall Loretta , Burrows Julie , Blackwell Caroline C. , Gwynn Josephine , Wadhwa Pathik , Lumbers Eugenie R. , Smith Roger , Rae Kym M. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundPregnancy can be a stressful time for many women. There is ample evidence of numerous physical and mental health inequities for Indigenous Australians. For those Indigenous women who are pregnant, it is established that there is a higher incidence of poor physical perinatal outcomes when compared with non‐Indigenous Australians. However, little evidence exists that examines stressful events and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in pregnant women who are members of this community.AimsTo quantify the rates of stressful events and PTSD symptoms in pregnant Indigenous women.MethodsOne hundred and fifty rural and remote Indigenous women were invited to complete a survey during each trimester of their pregnancy. The survey measures were the stressful life events and the Impact of Events Scale.ResultsExtremely high rates of PTSD symptoms were reported by participants. Approximately 40% of this group exhibited PTSD symptoms during their pregnancy with mean score 33.38 (SD = 14.37) significantly higher than a study of European victims of crisis, including terrorism attacks (20.6, SD = 18.5).ConclusionsThe extreme levels of PTSD symptoms found in the women participating in this study are likely to result in negative implications for both mother and infant. An urgent response must be mounted at government, health, community development and research levels to address these findings. Immediate attention needs to focus on the development of interventions to address the high levels of PTSD symptoms that pregnant Australian Indigenous women experience.
Work productivity in rhinitis using cell phones: The MASK pilot study
Authors: Bousquet J. , Bewick M. , Arnavielhe S. , Mathieu‐Dupas E. , Murray R. , Bedbrook A. , Caimmi D. P. , Vandenplas O. , Hellings P. W. , Bachert C. , Anto J. M. , Bergmann K. C. , Bindslev‐Jensen C. , Bosnic‐Anticevich S. , Bouchard J. , Canonica G. W. , Chavannes N. H. , Cruz A. A. , Dahl R. , Demoly P. , De Vries G. , Devillier P. , Fink‐Wagner A. , Fokkens W. J. , Fonseca J. , Guldemond N. A. , Haahtela T. , Hellqvist‐Dahl B. , Just J. , Keil T. , Klimek L. , Kowalski M. L. , Kuna P. , Kvedariene V. , Laune D. , Larenas‐Linnemann D. , Mullol J. , Pereira A. M. , Carreiro‐Martins P. , Melén E. , Morais‐Almeida M. , Nogueira‐Silva L. , O'Hehir R. E. , Papadopoulos N. G. , Passalacqua G. , Portejoie F. , Price D. , Ryan D. , Samolinski B. , Sheikh A. , Simons F. E. R. , Spranger O. , Todo Bom A. , Tomazic P. V. , Triggiani M. , Valero A. , Valovirta E. , Valiulis A. , van Eerd M. , Wickman M. , Young I. , Zuberbier T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAllergic rhinitis often impairs social life and performance. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to use cell phone data to assess the impact on work productivity of uncontrolled rhinitis assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS). A mobile phone app (Allergy Diary, Google Play Store and Apple App Store) collects data from daily visual analogue scales (VAS) for overall allergic symptoms (VAS‐global measured), nasal (VAS‐nasal), ocular (VAS‐ocular) and asthma symptoms (VAS‐asthma) as well as work (VAS‐work). A combined nasal‐ocular score is calculated. The Allergy Diary is available in 21 countries. The app includes the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Allergic Specific Questionnaire (WPAI:AS) in six EU countries. All consecutive users who completed the VAS‐work from 1 June to 31 October 2016 were included in the study. A total of 1136 users filled in 5818 days of VAS‐work. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis were controlled (VAS‐global <20) in approximately 60% of the days. In users with uncontrolled rhinitis, approximately 90% had some work impairment and over 50% had severe work impairment (VAS‐work >50). There was a significant correlation between VAS‐global calculated and VAS‐work (Rho=0.83, P<0.00001, Spearman's rank test). In 144 users, there was a significant correlation between VAS‐work and WPAI:AS (Rho=0.53, P<0.0001). This pilot study provides not only proof‐of‐concept data on the work impairment collected with the app but also data on the app itself, especially the distribution of responses for the VAS. This supports the interpretation that persons with rhinitis report both the presence and the absence of symptoms.
Weak by the machines: muscle motor protein dysfunction – a side effect of intensive care unit treatment
Authors: Friedrich O. , Diermeier S. , Larsson L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntensive care interventions involve periods of mechanical ventilation, sedation and complete mechanical silencing of patients. Critical illness myopathy (CIM) is an ICU‐acquired myopathy that is associated with limb muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, electrical silencing of muscle and motor proteinopathy. The hallmark of CIM is a preferential muscle myosin loss due to increased catabolic and reduced anabolic activity. The ubiquitin proteasome pathway plays an important role, apart from recently identified novel mechanisms affecting non‐lysosomal protein degradation or autophagy. CIM is not reproduced by pure disuse atrophy, denervation atrophy, steroid‐induced atrophy or septic myopathy, although combinations of high‐dose steroids and denervation can mimic CIM. New animal models of critical illness and ICU treatment (i.e. mechanical ventilation and complete immobilization) provide novel insights regarding the time course of protein synthesis and degradation alterations, and the role of protective chaperone activities in the process of myosin loss. Altered mechano‐signalling seems involved in triggering a major part of myosin loss in experimental CIM models, and passive loading of muscle potently ameliorates the CIM phenotype. We provide a systematic overview of similarities and distinct differences in the signalling pathways involved in triggering muscle atrophy in CIM and isolated trigger factors. As preferential myosin loss is mostly determined from biochemistry analyses providing no spatial resolution of myosin loss processes within myofibres, we also provide first results monitoring myosin signal intensities during experimental ICU intervention using multi‐photon Second Harmonic Generation microscopy. Our results confirm that myosin loss is an evenly distributed process within myofibres rather than being confined to hot spots.
Marizomib for central nervous system‐multiple myeloma
Authors: Badros Ashraf , Singh Zeba , Dhakal Binod , Kwok Young , MacLaren Ann , Richardson Paul , Trikha Mohit , Hari Parameswaran 
Published: April 2017

SummaryMarizomib, a natural marine product, is an irreversible proteasome inhibitor currently under investigation in relapsed‐refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) and malignant glioma. Central nervous system‐multiple myeloma (CNS‐MM) is a rare manifestation of extra‐medullary disease with few therapeutic options, highlighting the unmet clinical need in these patients. Marizomib demonstrated encouraging activity in RRMM and has emerging clinical activity in glioma, making it a potential CNS‐MM therapeutic intervention. Herein, we present two patients with RRMM and CNS involvement who benefited from marizomib‐based therapy. These cases provide the first proof of principle for further exploring marizomib in CNS‐MM patients.
Understanding pain and coping in women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Katz Laura , Tripp Dean A. , Carr Lesley K. , Mayer Robert , Moldwin Robert M. , Nickel J. Curtis 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo examine a self‐regulation and coping model for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) that may help us understand the pain experience of patients with chronic IC/BPS.Patients and MethodsThe model tested illness perceptions, illness‐focused coping, emotional regulation, mental health and disability in a stepwise method using factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Step 1, explored the underlying constructs. Step 2, confirmed the measurement models to determine the structure/composition of the main constructs. Step 3, evaluated the model fit and specified pathways in the proposed IC/BPS self‐regulation model. In all, 217 female patients with urologist diagnosed IC/BPS were recruited and diagnosed across tertiary care centres in North America. The data were collected through self‐report questionnaires.ResultsAn IC/BPS self‐regulation model was supported. Physical disability was worsened by patient's negative perception of their illness, attempts to cope using illness‐focused coping and poorer emotional regulation. Mental health was supported by perceptions that individuals could do something about their illness, using wellness‐focused behavioural strategies and adaptive emotion regulation.ConclusionsThe results clarify the complex and unique process of self‐regulation in women with IC/BPS, implicating cognitive and coping targets, and highlighting emotional regulation. This knowledge should help clinicians understand and manage these patients’ distress and disability.
An expedient synthesis of N‐(1‐(5‐mercapto‐4‐((substituted benzylidene)amino)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)‐2‐phenylethyl)benzamides as jack bean urease inhibitors and free radical scavengers: Kinetic mechanism and molecular docking studies
Authors: Saeed Aamer , Larik Fayaz Ali , Channar Pervaiz Ali , Mehfooz Haroon , Ashraf Mohammad Haseeb , Abbas Qamar , Hassan Mubashir , Seo Sung‐Yum 
Published: April 2017

In this study, some new azomethine‐triazole hybrids 5a–5l derived from N‐benzoyl‐L‐phenylalanine were synthesized and characterized. The synthesized compounds showed first‐rate, urease inhibition, and compounds 5c and 5e were found to be most effective inhibitors with 0.0137 ± 0.00082 μm and 0.0183 ± 0.00068 μm, respectively (thiourea 15.151 ± 1.27 μm). The kinetic mechanism of urease inhibition revealed the compounds 5c and 5e to be non‐competitive inhibitors, whereas compounds 5d and 5j were found to be of mixed‐type inhibitors. Docking studies also indicated better interaction patterns with urease enzyme. The results of enzyme inhibition, kinetic mechanism and molecular docking suggest that these compounds can serve as lead compounds in the design of more effective urease inhibitors.
Foundations of Reasoning About Social Dominance
Authors: Pun Anthea , Birch Susan A.J. , Baron Andrew S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the factors that shape the social landscape is essential for living in a group, where dominant individuals often have greater control over and access to desired resources such as food and mates. Recently, researchers have demonstrated that preverbal infants, similar to their nonhuman primate relatives, already possess the cognitive schemas necessary to represent social dominance in relationships, using ecologically relevant cues such as relative physical size and group size. In this article, we discuss the phylogenetic and ontogenetic origins of infants’ and children's capacity to represent social dominance in relationships and hierarchies, and examine how these initial representations are enriched across early childhood.
Preventing Global Extinction of the Javan Rhino: Tsunami Risk and Future Conservation Direction
Authors: Setiawan Ridwan , Gerber Brian D. , Rahmat Ujang Mamat , Daryan Daryan , Firdaus Asep Yayus , Haryono Mohammad , Khairani Kurnia Okhtavia , Kurniawan Yuyun , Long Barney , Lyet Arnaud , Muhiban Muhiban , Mahmud Rois , Muhtarom Aom , Purastuti Elisabet , Ramono Widodo S. , Subrata Dadan , Sunarto Sunarto 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is one of the most threatened mammals on Earth. The only remaining individuals live as part of a small population isolated in a single protected area, Ujung Kulon National Park, Java, Indonesia. Despite almost a century of studies, little is known about the factors that affect Javan rhino demography and distribution. National park officials require such information to identify conservation strategies and track the success and failures of these efforts; translocating selected individuals to establish a second population has been considered, but the risks must be weighed. We show that the 2013 global population of Javan rhinos was 62 individuals, which is likely near the site's carrying capacity. Our analysis of rhino distribution indicates that tsunamis are a significant risk to the species in Ujung Kulon, justifying the risks of establishing additional populations. Continued individual‐based monitoring is needed to guide future translocation decisions.
Consistent findings in glycaemic control, body weight and hypoglycaemia with iGlarLixi (insulin glargine/lixisenatide titratable fixed‐ratio combination) vs insulin glargine across baseline HbA1c, BMI and diabetes duration categories in the LixiLan‐L trial
Authors: Wysham Carol , Bonadonna Riccardo C. , Aroda Vanita R. , Puig Domingo Manuel , Kapitza Christoph , Stager William , Yu Christine , Niemoeller Elisabeth , Souhami Elisabeth , Bergenstal Richard M. ,   on behalf of the LixiLan‐L trial investigators
Published: April 2017

AimsTo assess the impact of baseline characteristics on clinical outcomes in the LixiLan‐L trial, a randomized open‐label trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi, a novel fixed‐ratio combination of insulin glargine 100 U (iGlar) plus lixisenatide, in comparison with iGlar over 30 weeks in a population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled on a previous regimen of basal insulin alone or in combination with 1 or 2 oral glucose‐lowering drugs.Materials and MethodsIn this exploratory analysis of LixiLan‐L (N = 736), efficacy outcomes were assessed within population subgroups derived from the following baseline characteristics: glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c; <8%, ≥8% (<64, ≥64 mmol/mol)]; duration of T2DM (<10, ≥10 years); body mass index (<30, ≥30 kg/m2). Furthermore, the incidence of symptomatic hypoglycaemia with plasma glucose ≤3.9 mmol/L (≤70 mg/dL) was also analysed according to the same subgroups.ResultsCompared with the iGlar treatment group, patients treated with iGlarLixi showed consistently greater reductions in HbA1c during the treatment period, with higher percentages of patients achieving the HbA1c target level of <7% (<53 mmol/mol) in all of the subpopulations tested (P < .0001 for all), having consistent mitigation of body weight gain and with no major differences in the incidence of hypoglycaemia.Conclusions
iGlarLixi consistently improved glycaemic control compared with iGlar in all baseline characteristic subgroups of patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with insulin, including difficult‐to‐treat subgroups of patients with long duration of diabetes, obesity and high HbA1c.Clinical trial number: NCT02058160 (clinicaltrials.gov).
Impact of empagliflozin on blood pressure in dipper and non‐dipper patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension
Authors: Chilton Robert , Tikkanen Ilkka , Hehnke Uwe , Woerle Hans J. , Johansen Odd Erik 
Published: April 2017

In the EMPA‐REG BP trial, empagliflozin significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) compared with placebo at week 12 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. In a post‐hoc analysis, we assessed the effect of empagliflozin on SBP and DBP using 24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring in patients categorized as dippers (sleep‐time mean SBP ≤ 90% of awake‐time mean; n = 417) or non‐dippers (sleep‐time mean SBP > 90% of awake‐time mean; n = 350). In dippers, adjusted mean (SE) changes from baseline in mean 24‐hour SBP (mm Hg) at week 12 were −0.2 (0.7) with placebo vs −3.8 (0.6) and −3.9 (0.7) with empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg, respectively (both
P
< .001 vs placebo). In non‐dippers, these changes were 1.0 (0.7) with placebo vs −1.6 (0.7) with empagliflozin 10 mg (
P
= .013 vs placebo) and −3.8 (0.7) with empagliflozin 25 mg (
P
< .001 vs placebo). In both dippers and non‐dippers, SBP and DBP patterns over 24 hours were maintained. There were no clinically relevant changes in heart rate with empagliflozin. In conclusion, empagliflozin significantly reduced mean 24‐hour SBP compared with placebo in dippers and non‐dippers.
Neuropsychiatric safety with liraglutide 3.0 mg for weight management: Results from randomized controlled phase 2 and 3a trials
Authors: O'Neil Patrick M. , Aroda Vanita R. , Astrup Arne , Kushner Robert , Lau David C. W. , Wadden Thomas A. , Brett Jason , Cancino Ana‐Paula , Wilding John P. H. ,   on behalf of the Satiety and Clinical Adiposity – Liraglutide Evidence in individuals with and without diabetes (SCALE) study groups
Published: April 2017

AimsLiraglutide, a GLP‐1 receptor agonist, regulates appetite via receptors in the brain. Because of concerns regarding the potential of centrally‐acting anti‐obesity medications to affect mental health, pooled neuropsychiatric safety data from all phase 2 and 3a randomized, double‐blind trials with liraglutide 3.0 mg were evaluated post hoc.MethodsData from the liraglutide weight‐management programme were pooled. Across trials, individuals with a body mass index ≥30 or ≥27 kg/m2 with weight‐related comorbidities were randomized to once‐daily subcutaneous liraglutide 3.0 mg (n = 3384) or placebo (n = 1941), both with a 500 kcal/d deficit diet, plus exercise. Adverse events related to neuropsychiatric safety were collected in all trials. Additionally, in the phase 3a trials, validated mental‐health questionnaires were prospectively and systematically administered.ResultsIn the pooled analysis of 5325 randomized and exposed individuals, rates of depression (2.1 vs 2.1 events/100 person‐years) and anxiety (1.9 vs 1.7 events/100 person‐years) through adverse event reporting were similarly low in liraglutide and placebo groups. Nine (0.3%) individuals receiving liraglutide and 2 (0.1%) receiving placebo reported adverse events of suicidal ideation or behaviour. In phase 3a trials, mean baseline Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 scores of 2.8 ± 3.0 vs 2.9 ± 3.1 for liraglutide vs placebo improved to 1.8 ± 2.7 vs 1.9 ± 2.7, respectively, at treatment end; 34/3291 individuals (1.0%) receiving liraglutide 3.0 mg vs 19/1843 (1.0%) receiving placebo reported suicidal ideation on the Columbia‐Suicide Severity Rating Scale.ConclusionsResults of this exploratory pooled analysis provide no cause for concern regarding the neuropsychiatric safety of treatment with liraglutide 3.0 mg in patients similar to those included in the examined trials. Although there was a small numerical imbalance in suicidal ideation with liraglutide through adverse event reporting, no between‐treatment imbalances in suicidal ideation/behaviour or depression were noted through prospective questionnaire assessments.