bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociable dorsal medial prefrontal cortex ensembles are necessary for cocaine seeking and fear conditioning in mice
Authors: Liu Shuai , Nawarawong Natalie , Liu Xiaojie , Liu Qing-song , Olsen Christopher M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) plays a dual role in modulating drug seeking and fear-related behaviors. Learned associations between cues and drug seeking are encoded by a specific ensemble of neurons. This study explored the stability of a dmPFC cocaine seeking ensemble over 2 weeks and its influence on persistent cocaine seeking and fear memory retrieval. In the first series of experiments, we trained TetTag c-fos-driven-EGFP mice in cocaine self-administration and tagged strongly activated neurons with EGFP during the initial day 7 cocaine seeking session. Subsequently, a follow-up seeking test was conducted 2 weeks later to examine ensemble reactivation between two seeking sessions via c-Fos immunostaining. In the second series of experiments, we co-injected viruses expressing TRE-cre and a cre-dependent inhibitory PSAM-GlyR into the dmPFC of male and female c-fos-tTA mice to enable “tagging” of cocaine seeking ensemble or cued fear ensemble neurons with inhibitory chemogenetic receptors. These c-fos-tTA mice have the c-fos promoter that drives expression of the tetracycline transactivator (tTA). The tTA can bind to the tetracycline response element (TRE) site on the viral construct, resulting in the expression of cre-recombinase, which enables the expression of cre-dependent inhibitory chemogenetic receptors and fluorescent reporters. Then we investigated ensemble contribution to subsequent cocaine seeking and fear recall during inhibition of the tagged ensemble by administering uPSEM792s (0.3 mg/kg), a selective ligand for PSAM-GlyR. In both sexes, there was a positive association between the persistence of cocaine seeking and the proportion of reactivated EGFP+ neurons within the dmPFC. More importantly, inhibition of the cocaine seeking ensemble suppressed cocaine seeking, but not recall of fear memory, while inhibition of the fear ensemble reduced conditioned freezing but not cocaine seeking. The results demonstrate that cocaine and fear recall ensembles in the dmPFC are stable, but largely exclusive from one another.
Impact of different disinfection protocols on the bond strength of NeoMTA 2 bioceramic sealer used as a root canal apical plug (in vitro study)
Authors: Omar Nada , Kabel Nihal Refaat , Masoud Muhammad Abbass , Hamdy Tamer M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Treatment of an immature permanent tooth required a special disinfection protocol due to the presence of thin radicular walls, which are prone to fracture. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) has been proposed as a root repair material for root canal treatment. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the push-out bond strength of conventional White MTA cements and second generation NeoMTA 2 in imitated immature roots treated with different disinfection protocols, which are 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and NaOCl, followed by 20% etidronic acid (HEBP).

Methods
The root canals of freshly extracted single-root teeth were manually prepared until 90 K-file to imitate immature roots. Roots were randomly divided into four groups (G) according to the disinfection protocol (n = 15 per group). where G1 (NaOCl + EDTA + White MTA) and G2 (NaOCl + EDTA + NeoMTA 2) While G3 (NaOCl + HEBP + White MTA) and G4 (NaOCl + HEBP + NeoMTA 2) All groups were activated with manual agitation. All specimens were incubated for 48 h. The apical third of each root was perpendicularly sectioned to attain a slice of 3 mm thickness. Push-out bond strength values were assessed using a two-way ANOVA and a Student’s t test.

Results
G3 and G4 that were treated with HEPB showed higher significant push-out bond strength mean values than G1 and G2 treated with an EDTA chelating agent. Irrespective of the chelating agent used, it was found that both NeoMTA 2 and White MTA had no significant influence on push-out bond strength mean values (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion
The combined use of 5.25% NaOCl and 20% HEBP increased the push-out strength values of both NeoMTA 2 and White MTA, rendering them suitable to be used as an alternative chelating agent to EDTA.
A deep learning method for simultaneous denoising and missing wedge reconstruction in cryogenic electron tomography
Authors: Wiedemann Simon , Heckel Reinhard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCryogenic electron tomography is a technique for imaging biological samples in 3D. A microscope collects a series of 2D projections of the sample, and the goal is to reconstruct the 3D density of the sample called the tomogram. Reconstruction is difficult as the 2D projections are noisy and can not be recorded from all directions, resulting in a missing wedge of information. Tomograms conventionally reconstructed with filtered back-projection suffer from noise and strong artefacts due to the missing wedge. Here, we propose a deep-learning approach for simultaneous denoising and missing wedge reconstruction called DeepDeWedge. The algorithm requires no ground truth data and is based on fitting a neural network to the 2D projections using a self-supervised loss. DeepDeWedge is simpler than current state-of-the-art approaches for denoising and missing wedge reconstruction, performs competitively and produces more denoised tomograms with higher overall contrast.
Phase transition kinetics of superionic H2O ice phases revealed by Megahertz X-ray free-electron laser-heating experiments
Authors: Husband R. J. , Liermann H. P. , McHardy J. D. , McWilliams R. S. , Goncharov A. F. , Prakapenka V. B. , Edmund E. , Chariton S. , Konôpková Z. , Strohm C. , Sanchez-Valle C. , Frost M. , Andriambariarijaona L. , Appel K. , Baehtz C. , Ball O. B. , Briggs R. , Buchen J. , Cerantola V. , Choi J. , Coleman A. L. , Cynn H. , Dwivedi A. , Graafsma H. , Hwang H. , Koemets E. , Laurus T. , Lee Y. , Li X. , Marquardt H. , Mondal A. , Nakatsutsumi M. , Ninet S. , Pace E. , Pepin C. , Prescher C. , Stern S. , Sztuk-Dambietz J. , Zastrau U. , McMahon M. I. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractH2O transforms to two forms of superionic (SI) ice at high pressures and temperatures, which contain highly mobile protons within a solid oxygen sublattice. Yet the stability field of both phases remains debated. Here, we present the results of an ultrafast X-ray heating study utilizing MHz pulse trains produced by the European X-ray Free Electron Laser to create high temperature states of H2O, which were probed using X-ray diffraction during dynamic cooling. We confirm an isostructural transition during heating in the 26-69 GPa range, consistent with the formation of SI-bcc. In contrast to prior work, SI-fcc was observed exclusively above ~50 GPa, despite evidence of melting at lower pressures. The absence of SI-fcc in lower pressure runs is attributed to short heating timescales and the pressure-temperature path induced by the pump-probe heating scheme in which H2O was heated above its melting temperature before the observation of quenched crystalline states, based on the earlier theoretical prediction that SI-bcc nucleates more readily from the fluid than SI-fcc. Our results may have implications for the stability of SI phases in ice-rich planets, for example during dynamic freezing, where the preferential crystallization of SI-bcc may result in distinct physical properties across mantle ice layers.
Black sand nanoparticles and heat stress impacts the neurological and oxidative stress indices and splenic-renal histology of Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Sayed Alaa El-Din Hamid , Said Rashad E. M. , El-Aal Mohamed Abd , Saad Eman , Kamel Walied A. , Hamed Mohamed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn Egypt, while many studies have focused on the radiometry and mineralogy of black sands, research on their effects on nearby aquatic organisms is rare. This study aimed to assess the combined effects of heat stress (HS) and black sand nanoparticles (BS-NPs) on renal function, antioxidant responses (TAC, SOD, CAT), neuro-stress indicators (AchE, cortisol), and to conduct histopathological investigations in the kidney and spleen tissues of African catfish Clarias gariepinus over a 15-day period to exposure to control, HS (32 °C), BS (6.4 g/kg diet) and HS + BS groups. The outcomes revealed that thermal stress alone showed no significant difference from the control. However, creatinine and uric acid levels were significantly higher in the BS-NPs and HS + BS-NPs groups (p < 0.001). Antioxidant markers (TAC, SOD, and CAT) were substantially reduced across all treated groups (0.05 ≥ p < 0.0001). AchE levels were significantly elevated in BS-NPs and HS + BS-NPs (p < 0.001), while cortisol levels were higher in these groups but not significantly different in HS. Degeneration and necrosis in the white and red pulps, scattered lymphocytes, and increased collagen fiber surrounding blood vessels and the lining of the ellipsoid structure were all evident in the spleen, along with the enlargement of the melanomacrophage centers with big granular, irregular, and brown pigments (hemosiderin). Our study, therefore, provides new insights into how heat stress, an abiotic environmental factor, influences the toxicity of black sand nanoparticles in catfish.
Female sex bias in Iberian megalithic societies through bioarchaeology, aDNA and proteomics
Authors: Díaz-Zorita Bonilla Marta , Jiménez Aranda Gonzalo , Sánchez Romero Margarita , Fregel Rosa , Rebay-Salisbury Katharina , Kanz Fabian , Vílchez Suárez Miriam , Robles Carrasco Sonia , Becerra Fuello Paula , Ordónez Alejandra C. , Wolf Michael , González Serrano Javier , Milesi García Lara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUncertainties regarding traditional osteological methods in biological sex estimation can often be overcome with genomic and proteomic analyses. The combination of the three methodologies has been used for a better understanding of the gender-related funerary rituals at the Iberian megalithic cemetery of Panoría. As a result, 44 individuals have been sexed including, for the first time, non-adults. Contrary to the male bias found in many Iberian and European megalithic monuments, the Panoría population shows a clear sex ratio imbalance in favour of females, with twice as many females as males. Furthermore, this imbalance is found regardless of the criterion considered: sex ratio by tomb, chronological period, method of sex estimation, or age group. Biological relatedness was considered as possible sociocultural explanations for this female-related bias. However, the current results obtained for Panoría are indicative of a female-centred social structure potentially influencing rites and cultural traditions.
Effect of ligand substituents on the reactivity pathways of copper(ii) complexes towards electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Kuilya Hemrupa , Das Pranjal , Basak Swati , Sarma Debajit , Mazumdar Pradyumna , Choudhury Diganta , Kalita Apurba 
Published: September 2024

Electrocatalytic water oxidation activity of copper (ii) complexes with aryl oxime ligands increases with the increasing electron-donating nature of the ligands
Transition-metal-free iterative two-fold reductive coupling and 1,3-borotropic shift to form 1,4-skipped dienes
Authors: Varalaxmi Kasarla , Pradhan Kangkan , Begam Hasina Mamataj , Polley Arghya , Kumar Deepak , Jana Ranjan 
Published: September 2024

A transition-metal-free, two-fold reductive coupling between α,β-unsaturated tosylhydrazones and boronic acid via 1,3-allylic borotropic shift cascade in a single operation to access stereoselective (E,E)-1,4-skipped dienes.
Asymmetric synthesis of bis-spiro cyclopropane skeletons via bifunctional phosphonium salt-catalyzed [2 + 1] annulation
Authors: Yu Xiaojun , Wang Fan , Du Juan , Tan Jian-Ping , Pan Jianke , Zhu Lixiang , Wang Tianli 
Published: September 2024

A new approach for constructing enantiopure spiroskeletons was developed via bifunctional phosphonium salt-catalyzed [2 + 1] annulation. These novel scaffolds have potential to facilitate the discovery and development of new chiral drugs.
IFN-γ induces acute graft-versus-host disease by promoting HMGB1-mediated nuclear-to-cytoplasm translocation and autophagic degradation of p53
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Cheng Tingting , Chen Xu , Zeng Cong , Qin Wei , Xu Yajing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) poses a significant impediment to achieving a more favourable therapeutic outcome in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Our prior investigations disclosed a correlation between p53 down-regulation in CD4+ T cells and the occurrence of aGVHD. Notably, the insufficiency of the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) emerged as a pivotal factor in repressing p53 expression. However, the existence of additional mechanisms contributing to the reduction in p53 expression remains unclear. Interferon (IFN)-γ, a pivotal proinflammatory cytokine, assumes a crucial role in regulating alloreactive T-cell responses and plays a complex part in aGVHD development. IFN-γ has the capacity to induce autophagy, a vital catabolic process facilitating protein degradation, in various cell types. Presently, whether IFN-γ participates in the development of aGVHD by instigating the autophagic degradation of p53 in CD4+ T cells remains an unresolved question. In the present study, we demonstrated that heightened levels of IFN-γ in the plasma during aGVHD promoted the activation, proliferation, and autophagic activity of CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, IFN-γ induced the nuclear-to-cytoplasm translocation and autophagy-dependent degradation of p53 in CD4+ T cells. The translocation and autophagic degradation of p53 were contingent upon HMGB1, which underwent up-regulation and translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following IFN-γ stimulation. In conclusion, our data unveil a novel mechanism underlying p53 deficiency in CD4+ T cells among aGVHD patients. This deficiency is induced by IFN-γ and relies on autophagy, establishing a link between IFN-γ, HMGB1-mediated translocation, and the autophagic degradation of p53.
Ototoxic Drug Exposure and Hearing Loss in Neonates: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rameshsankar Subaasri , Seethapathy Jayashree , Balakrishnan Umamaheshwari 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
This scoping review aims to map the effects of dosage levels, dosage intervals, duration of exposure, and serum concentration levels of gentamicin, amikacin, vancomycin, furosemide, and bumetanide on newborn hearing.

Method:
Using PubMed, Scopus, and Ovid databases (January 2010–2022), a scoping review was conducted to identify studies on ototoxic drug exposure in neonates. The review included articles that described details on ototoxic drug exposure and hearing status, dosage levels, duration of exposure, and serum concentration levels. The search results were summarized using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.

Results:
Out of 4,395 entries, 28 were selected for inclusion in the scoping review. The studies were separated according to the exposed drugs: gentamicin, amikacin, vancomycin, furosemide, bumetanide, and a combination of drugs. Four out of five studies on amikacin exposure revealed an increased association with ototoxicity and abnormal trough levels. Six of seven studies on gentamicin exposure reported elevated trough concentration levels in a small number of infants, but no studies reported hearing loss. Two out of four studies on vancomycin exposure reported a dose-dependent risk for infants to develop hearing loss.

Conclusions:
Gentamicin exposure in neonates has been extensively studied and considered relatively safe, except in cases of elevated peak or trough concentration levels. Amikacin exposure was reported to be more ototoxic, as the elevation of trough concentration levels was associated with refer results in hearing. Loop-diuretic exposure demonstrated a significant ototoxic effect. When used with other ototoxic medications, vancomycin is said to have a greater effect on ototoxicity.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26814700
Spot modelling through multi-band photometry
Authors: Biagini Alfredo , Petralia Antonino , Di Maio Claudia , Betti Lorenzo , Pace Emanuele , Micela Giuseppina 
Published: September 2024

Context. Stellar activity is comprised of various phenomena, mainly spots and faculae. It is one of the main sources of noise in exoplanetary observations because it affects both spectroscopic and photometric observations. In studying young active planetary systems, we need to model the activity of the host stars to remove astrophysical noise from our observational data.
Aims. We model the contribution of stellar spots in photometric observations. Through the use of multi-band photometry, we aim to extract the geometric properties of the spots and constrain their temperatures.
Methods. We analysed multi-band photometric observations acquired with the 80 cm Marcon telescope of the Osservatorio Polifunzionale del Chianti of V1298 Tau, assuming the photometric modulation observed in different bands is attributed to cold spots.
Results We constrained the effective temperature of the active regions present on the surface of V1298 Tau, resulting from a combination of spots and faculae. We tested our hypothesis on solar data, verifying that we successfully measured the size of the dominant active region and its averaged effective temperature.
Accurate modeling of the forward-scattering Hanle effect in the chromospheric Ca I 4227 Å line
Authors: Belluzzi Luca , Riva Simone , Janett Gioele , Guerreiro Nuno , Riva Fabio , Benedusi Pietro , del Pino Alemán Tanausú , Ballester Ernest Alsina , Bueno Javier Trujillo , Štěpán Jiří 
Published: September 2024

Context. Measurable linear scattering polarization signals have been predicted and detected at the solar disk center in the cores of chromospheric lines. These forward-scattering polarization signals, which are of high interest for magnetic field diagnostics, have always been modeled either under the assumption of complete frequency redistribution (CRD), or taking partial frequency redistribution (PRD) effects into account under the angle-averaged (AA) approximation.
Aims. The aim of this work is to assess the suitability of the CRD and PRD–AA approximations for modeling the forward-scattering polarization signals produced by the presence of an inclined magnetic field, the so-called forward-scattering Hanle effect, in the chromospheric Ca I 4227 Å line.
Methods. We performed radiative transfer calculations for polarized radiation in semi-empirical 1D solar atmospheres out of local thermodynamic equilibrium. We applied a two-step solution strategy. We first solved the problem considering a multilevel atom and neglecting polarization phenomena. Subsequently, we solved the same problem, this time considering a two-level atom and including polarization and magnetic fields. By keeping the population of the lower level calculated in the previous step fixed, the problem of step two is linear and is solved with a preconditioned FGMRES iterative method. We analyzed the emergent fractional linear polarization signals calculated under the CRD and PRD–AA approximations and compared them to those obtained by modeling PRD effects in their general angle-dependent (AD) formulation.
Result. With respect to the PRD–AD case, the CRD and PRD–AA calculations significantly underestimate the amplitude of the line-center polarization signals produced by the forward-scattering Hanle effect.
Conclusions. The results of this work suggest that a PRD–AD modeling is required in order to develop reliable diagnostic techniques exploiting the forward-scattering polarization signals observed in the Ca I 4227 Å line. These results need to be confirmed by full 3D calculations including non-magnetic symmetry-breaking effects.
The impact of third dredge-up on the mass loss of Mira variables
Authors: Uttenthaler S. , Shetye S. , Nanni A. , Aringer B. , Eriksson K. , McDonald I. , Gobrecht D. , Höfner S. , Wolter U. , Cristallo S. , Bernhard K. 
Published: September 2024

Context. The details of the mass-loss process in the late stages of low- and intermediate-mass stellar evolution are not well understood, in particular its dependence on stellar parameters. Mira variables are highly suitable targets for studying this mass-loss process.
Aims. Here, we follow up on our earlier finding that a near-to-mid-infrared (NIR-MIR) colour versus pulsation period diagram shows two sequences of Miras that can be distinguished by the third dredge-up (3DUP) indicator technetium in those stars. While IR colours are good indicators of the dust mass-loss rate (MLR) from Miras, no corresponding sequences have been found using the gas MLR. However, investigations of the gas MLR have been hampered by data limitations. We aim to alleviate these limitations with new observational data.
Methods. We present new optical spectra of a well-selected sample of Miras. We searched these spectra for absorption lines of Tc and other 3DUP indicators, and combine our findings with gas MLRs and expansion velocities from the literature. Furthermore, we extend the analysis of the MIR emission to WISE data and compare the broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of Miras with and without Tc.
Results. We find no systematic difference in gas MLRs between Miras with and without Tc. However, the gas envelopes of Tc-poor Miras appear to have a higher terminal expansion velocity than those of Miras with Tc. Furthermore, our analysis of the IR photometry strongly corroborates the earlier finding that Tc-poor Miras have a higher MIR emission than Tc-rich ones, by as much as a factor of two. We model the IR colours with DARWIN and stationary wind models and conclude that Miras with and without Tc have different dust content or dust properties.
Conclusions. We discuss several hypotheses and interpretations of the observations and conclude that the reduction of free oxygen by 3DUP of carbon and iron-depleted dust grains in Tc-rich stars are the most convincing explanations for our observations.
Quelle pertinence de l’usage de la notion de résilience pour les systèmes agri-alimentaires ?
Authors: Lamine Claire , Magda Danièle , Darnhofer Ika 
Published: September 2024

La notion de résilience est appliquée aux systèmes alimentaires depuis quelques années – tout comme dans d’autres domaines avant eux – et la « résilience alimentaire » est devenue, avec la crise du Covid-19, un buzzword traversant les communautés scientifiques, les institutions internationales, les politiques publiques et une diversité de mouvements engagés dans l’action collective en France. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons, à partir d’une trajectoire de ses usages, qui traversent diverses disciplines, institutions et groupes d’acteurs, de montrer comment ont émergé différentes versions de la résilience alimentaire qui mettent en avant des concepts-clés, des échelles et des objets différents. Nous soulignons diverses contradictions, confusions, ambiguïtés liées à certaines déclinaisons, ainsi que les processus d’invisibilisation de l’enjeu d’écologisation et des rapports de pouvoir qui sont à nos yeux associés. Enfin, nous avançons quelques arguments quant à la capacité de la notion de résilience à éclairer les enjeux de la transition agri-alimentaire.