bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of key factors affecting biogas production from synthetic wastewater by anaerobic granular sludge
Authors: Yang Longhui , Zhang Jian , Xian Ping 
Published: November 2016

Factors affecting biogas production from synthetic wastewater in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor by anaerobic granular sludge were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Box‐Behnken Design. COD,
‐N and sulphate were investigated as the experimental parameters. The experiments were conducted in 500 mL serum bottles with a working volume of 300 mL. The optimum conditions were determined as COD of 5610 mg L−1,
‐N of 100 mg L−1 and sulphate of 1830 mg L−1 according to the experimental design. Under the optimal conditions, a maximum biogas yield of 604.05 mL, COD removal of 95.87%,
‐N removal of 42.94% and sulphate removal of 80.29% were obtained. COD and sulphate showed the greatest individual and interactive effects on biogas yield (P < 0.05). COD had an individual effect on biogas yield (P < 0.0001) and
‐N also had an individual effect on COD removal (P < 0.0001). The confirmation experiments conducted under the optimal conditions resulted in a biogas yield of 589.75 mL, COD removal of 94.09%,
‐N removal of 39.31% and sulphate removal of 74.37%. The differences between predicted values and experimental results were satisfactory. The model had practical directive significance for optimizing key factors affecting biogas production from synthetic wastewater by anaerobic granular sludge. Optimizing COD,
‐N, and sulphate can improve biogas production. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 11–20, 2017
Do Wealth Shocks Affect Health? New Evidence from the Housing Boom
Authors: Fichera Eleonora , Gathergood John 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe exploit large exogenous changes in housing wealth to examine the impact of wealth gains and losses on individual health. In UK household, panel data house price increases, which endow owners with greater wealth, lower the likelihood of home owners exhibiting a range of non‐chronic health conditions and improve their self‐assessed health with no effect on their psychological health. These effects are not transitory and persist over a 10‐year period. Using a range of fixed effects models, we provide robust evidence that these results are not biased by reverse causality or omitted factors. For owners' wealth gains affect labour supply and leisure choices indicating that house price increases allow individuals to reduce intensity of work with commensurate health benefits. © 2016 The Authors. Health Economics Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐principles Studies of the Electronic and Thermoelectric Properties of Misfit Layered Phases of Calcium Cobaltite
Authors: Ramasubramaniam Ashwin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe electronic and thermoelectric properties of two phases of calcium cobaltite, a misfit layered compound, are investigated and compared using first‐principles DFT calculations. The two phases considered here include the conventional bulk phase that consists of alternating layers of Ca2CoO3 and CoO2, and a new phase that consists of alternating layers of CaCoO2 and CoO2, which was recently discovered in nanotubes. Electronic structure calculations reveal that both phases are ferrimagnetic materials with one important difference: the bulk phase is metallic, whereas the nanotubular phase is semiconducting. The metal‐to‐semiconductor transition that accompanies the Ca2CoO3 to CaCoO2 structural transition is shown to arise from the depletion of free carriers from the donor Ca atoms. The implications of the difference in electronic structure for the thermoelectric performance of these two phases are further examined with Boltzmann transport calculations. Relative to the metallic phase, the semiconducting phase displays appreciably higher Seebeck coefficients at minimal doping levels; these increased Seebeck coefficients compensate for the reduced conductivity and result in large power factors. In conjunction with the fact that the semiconducting phase is peculiar to 1D nanotubes, it is expected that additional effects from quantum confinement could render these low‐dimensional materials as promising thermoelectric materials.
Risk of Fracture in Primary Aldosteronism: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Vin-Cent , Chang Chia-Hui , Wang Cheng-Yi , Lin Yen-Hung , Kao Tze-Wah , Lin Po-Chih , Chu Tzong-Shinn , Chang Yuan-Shian , Chen Likwang , Wu Kwan-Dun , Chueh Shih-Chieh Jeff 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with increased urinary calcium excretion and osteoporosis prevalence. We studied the long-term effect of hyperaldosterone on fracture risk and possible risk mitigation via treatments, by comparing PA patients and their essential hypertension (EH) counterparts extracted by propensity score match. We used a longitudinal population database from the Taiwan National Health Insurance, and used a validated algorithm to identify PA patients diagnosed in 1997–2010. Our sample included 2533 PA patients, including 921 patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). Our methods for assessing excessive fracture risk included multivariable Cox regression and the competing risk regression. The incidence rate of fracture at any site was 14.4 per 1000 person-years for PA, and 11.2 per 1000 person-years for APA. In contrast, the incidence rate of fracture at any site was 8.3 per 1000 person-years in EH controls for PA, and 6.5 per 1000 person-years in EH controls for APA. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) treatment might be associated with higher risk of osteoporotic fracture in the whole female PA cohort (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] = 2.12, p = 0.008) as well as female APA patients (SHR = 1.15, p = 0.049). As to fracture at any site, MRA treatment was also associated with higher risk; the SHR was 1.88 (p &lt; 0.001) in the whole female PA cohort, and 2.17 (p = 0.019) in female APA patients. PA is tightly associated with higher risk of bone fracture, even in the case where the competing risk of death was controlled. Particularly, female PA patients treated with MRA were confronted with significantly higher risk in bone fracture than their EH controls. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Abstract
Our research provides the first evidence on primary aldosteronism (PA)-related long-term risk in bone fracture from a large population-based cohort and under a study design of case-control match on propensity score. PA is tightly associated with higher risk of bone fracture, even in the case where the competing risk of death was controlled. Particularly, female PA patients treated with MRA were confronted with significantly higher risk in bone fracture than their essential hypertensive controls.
HK2 Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells Synthesize and Secrete Plasma Proteins Predominantly Through the Apical Surface
Authors: Zhao Ke‐Wei , Murray Elsa J. Brochmann , Murray Samuel S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTRenal proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) are known to reabsorb salts and small plasma proteins filtered through Bowman's capsule. Following acute kidney injury, PTECs assume some characteristics of hepatocytes in producing various plasma proteins. We now demonstrate that even at a resting state, a PTEC cell line, HK2 expresses mRNAs for and synthesizes and secretes plasma proteins in a complex with complement C3, an α2‐macroglobulin family chaperone, including albumin, transferrin, α1‐antitrypsin, α1‐antichymotrypsin, α2‐HS‐glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, C1‐inhibitor, secreted phosphoprotein‐24, and insulin‐like growth factor‐1. When grown on transwell inserts, HK2 cells predominantly secrete (∼90%) plasma proteins into the apical side and a smaller fraction into the basolateral side as determined by ELISA assays. When cultured in the presence of exogenous cytokines such as IL1β, IL6, TNFα, BMP2, or TGFβ1, HK2 cell mRNA expressions for plasma proteins were variably affected whereas basolateral secretions were elevated to or in excess of those of the apical level. In addition, HK2 cells produce proTGFβ1 with its intact N‐terminal latency associated peptide and latent‐TGF‐β‐binding proteins. The complex cannot be dissociated under conditions of SDS, heating, and electrophoresis. Moreover, HK2 cells maintain their ability to quickly uptake exogenously added serum proteins from the culture medium, as if they are recognized differently by the endocytic receptors. These results provide new insight into the hepatization of PTECs. In addition to their unique uptake of plasma proteins and salts from the filtrate, they are a source of urinary proteins under normal conditions as wells as in chronic and acute kidney diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 924–933, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Paradox in Individual Versus National Mental Health Vulnerability: Are Higher Resource Levels Associated With Higher Disorder Prevalence?
Authors: Dückers Michel L. A. , Brewin Chris R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn earlier study (Dückers, Alisic, & Brewin, 2016) found that countries with greater social and economic resources were characterized by a higher lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, we present a similar analysis of national population survey data to examine this vulnerability paradox in relation to other disorders. We predicted the lifetime prevalence of any mental health disorder (i.e., anxiety, mood, substance, and externalizing disorders) in 17 countries based on trauma exposure and country vulnerability data. A substantial proportion of variance in all disorder categories, 32.9% to 53.9%, could be explained by trauma exposure. Explained variance increased by 5 and up to 40 percentage points after adding the variable of vulnerability to the equation. Higher exposure and lower vulnerability levels were accompanied by a higher prevalence in any mental disorder, with the largest effect size in mood disorders (R2 = .76). The interaction between exposure and vulnerability did not explain significant additional variance as it did for PTSD. Because a PTSD diagnosis links psychological, physical, and functional symptoms explicitly to trauma exposure, this might mean that populations in less‐vulnerable countries are more likely to attribute health complaints to exposure. The results of this study suggest that country‐level data can help to better explain the multilayered mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability in the context of trauma.
Examining Patterns of Exposure to Family Violence in Preschool Children: A Latent Class Approach
Authors: Grasso Damion J. , Petitclerc Amélie , Henry David B. , McCarthy Kimberly J. , Wakschlag Lauren S. , Briggs‐Gowan Margaret J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractYoung children can experience violence directly or indirectly in the home, with some children exposed to multiple forms of violence. These polyvictims often experience violence that is severe, chronic, and multifaceted. The current study used latent class analysis to identify and examine the pattern of profiles of exposure to family violence (i.e., violence directed towards the child and between caregivers) among a sample of 474 children ages 3–6 year who were drawn from the Multidimensional Assessment of Preschoolers Study (Wakschlag et al., 2014). The data yielded 3 classes: a polyvictimized class (n = 72; 15.2%) with high probability of exposure to all forms of violence, a harsh parenting class (n = 235; 49.5%), distinguished mainly by child‐directed physical discipline in the absence of more severe forms of violence, and a low‐exposure class (n = 167; 35.2%). Classes were differentiated by contextual factors, maternal characteristics, and mother‐reported and observational indicators of parenting and child functioning with most effect sizes between medium and large. These findings add to emerging evidence linking polyvictimization to impaired caregiving and adverse psychological outcomes for children and offer important insight for prevention and intervention for this vulnerable population.
Residue influences quality of life independently of penetration and aspiration in head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: Meyer Tanya K. , Pisegna Jessica M. , Krisciunas Gintas P. , Pauloski Barbara R. , Langmore Susan E. 
Published: November 2016

Objectives/HypothesisDysphagia is one of the most significant side effects of the treatment of head and neck cancer. Residue and aspiration are two indicators of dysphagia, but aspiration is historically the only indicator of interest, because it may impact health outcomes. Clinicians have anecdotally used residue as another marker of swallowing dysfunction, but it is understudied. This project investigated the impact of aspiration versus residue on function and quality of life (QoL) in these patients.Study DesignObservational study.MethodsA total of 168 head and neck cancer survivors with moderate to severe dysphagia were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing two swallow therapy interventions. Data at time of entry were used for the current study. A modified barium swallow study was done to compute Penetration‐Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores, percentage oral residue, and percentage pharyngeal residue with three bolus consistencies (5 mL thin, nectar, and pudding). The Performance Status Scale (PSS) and the Head Neck Cancer Inventory (HNCI) questionnaires were administered. Data were analyzed to determine associations between aspiration and residue estimates with function and QoL scores.ResultsWorsening aspiration and residue estimates were all correlated with decreased scores on the PSS functional scales (r = −0.190 to −0.324, P ≤ .031). However, only increasing residue estimates were significantly related to decreased patient‐perceived QoL on the HNCI (r = −.178 to −.194, P < .046). This effect was more pronounced with oral versus pharyngeal residue.ConclusionsIn this group of head and neck cancer survivors, penetration/aspiration and residue show independent effects. PAS affects functional status only, but residue affects both functional status and QoL. This study supports that residue should be considered a primary measurement of swallowing function and be a target for identification, treatment, and evaluation of swallowing.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 127:1615–1621, 2017
Optimising the design of textured surfaces for reducing lubricated friction coefficient
Authors: Echávarri Otero Javier , de la Guerra Ochoa Eduardo , Bellón Vallinot Irene , Chacón Tanarro Enrique 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUnder operating conditions which are unfavourable for lubrication, such as high load and low velocity, the use of textured surfaces significantly promotes the formation of a thick lubricant film and an improvement of the friction coefficient. This paper relates to the manufacture of textures using a photolithography and chemical etching process. Different surface geometries, texturing densities and depths were designed to analyse the influence of these parameters. The friction coefficient was measured in a ball‐on‐disc tribometer under different lubrication regimes, and the results have been used to develop an artificial neural network with texturing optimisation potential. © 2016 The Authors Lubrication Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Reduced LPL and subcutaneous lipid storage capacity are associated with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women with obesity
Authors: Serra M. C. , Ryan A. S. , Goldberg A. P. 
Published: November 2016

SumaryObjectivesThis study examines the hypothesis that lower adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and a limited capacity for subcutaneous adipocyte expansion will be associated with metabolic syndrome (MSyn) in postmenopausal women who are overweight and obese.MethodsWomen (N = 150; age 60 ± 1 year; BMI: 31.5 ± 0.3 kg m−2; mean ± standard errors of the means [SEM]) with and without MSyn had dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scans for total body fat, CT scans for visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue areas, lipid and glucose metabolic profiles, and abdominal and gluteal fat aspirations for subcutaneous fat cell weight (FCW; N = 150) and LPL activity (N = 100).ResultsWomen with MSyn had similar total body fat, but 15% larger abdominal and 11% larger gluteal FCWs and more visceral fat (179 ± 7 vs. 134 ± 6 cm2) than women without MSyn (P's < 0.05). Abdominal LPL activity was 13% (P = 0.18) lower in women with than without MSyn and correlated with abdominal FCW (r = 0.49, P < 0.01) only in those without MSyn. Visceral fat and abdominal and gluteal FCWs correlated with MSyn components, and subcutaneous adipose tissue correlated with abdominal FCW (r = 0.43, P < 0.01) and LPL activity (r = 0.18, P < 0.05), independent of total body fat.ConclusionsThese results show that women with MSyn have lower LPL activity, limited capacity for subcutaneous adipocyte lipid storage and greater ectopic fat accumulation in viscera than women without MSyn of comparable obesity. This suggests that the development of novel therapies that would enhance adipocyte expandability might prevent the accumulation of ectopic fat and reduce the risk for MSyn in postmenopausal women with obesity.
Label‐free quantitative comparison of cerebrospinal fluid glycoproteins and endogenous peptides in subjects with Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy individuals
Authors: Wang Jingxin , Cunningham Robert , Zetterberg Henrik , Asthana Sanjay , Carlsson Cynthia , Okonkwo Ozioma , Li Lingjun 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThe goal of this study is to investigate putative molecular dynamic changes in cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) collected from individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) as compared to healthy controls.Experimental designThe CSF samples from 12 subjects comprised of four cognitively normal individuals and eight patients with MCI and AD, respectively. Two aliquots of each CSF samples (total 1 mL) of each participant are used for this study. Endogenous peptide separations are performed using 10 000 molecular weight cut‐off filters followed by LC‐MS/MS identification and quantitation while lectin‐enrichment chromatography is used to enrich glycoproteins in CSF followed by trypsin digestion and subsequent LC‐MS/MS for shotgun identification and label‐free quantitation.ResultsUsing an optimized submicrogram peptide separation with molecular weight cut‐off filtration and an in house‐constructed database, 645 peptides are identified. Glycoproteins are enriched by lectin affinity chromatography, resulting in 795 identified proteins. The discovery and alterations of proSAAS‐derived peptides and transthyretin are described and their roles in AD are discussed.Conclusions and clinical relevanceComprehensive identification of endogenous CSF peptidome is achieved. Fifteen proteins are found to be differentially expressed among the three groups. The dynamic changes of transthyretin are reported for the first time.
Mindfulness as a personal resource to reduce work stress in the job demands‐resources model
Authors: Grover Steven L. , Teo Stephen T.T. , Pick David , Roche Maree 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBased on the job demands‐resources (JD‐R) model, this study examines the different ways that the personal resource of mindfulness reduces stress. Structural equation modeling based on data from 415 Australian nurses shows that mindfulness relates directly and negatively to work stress and perceptions of emotional demands as well as buffering the relation of emotional demands on psychological stress. This study contributes to the literature by employing empirical analysis to the task of unravelling how personal resources function within the JD‐R model. It also introduces mindfulness as a personal resource in the JD‐R model.
A dense cluster of D1+ cells in the mouse nucleus accumbens
Authors: Petryszyn Sarah , Sánchez Maria Gabriela , Gagnon Dave , Beaulieu Jean‐Martin , Parent André , Parent Martin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe striatum is known to be largely composed of intermingled medium‐sized projection neurons expressing either the D1 or the D2 dopamine receptors. In the present study, we took advantage of the double BAC Drd1a‐TdTomato/Drd2‐GFP (D1/D2) transgenic mice to reveal the presence of a peculiar cluster of densely‐packed D1+ cells located in the shell compartment of the nucleus accumbens. This spherical cluster has a diameter of 110 µm and is exclusively composed by D1+ cells, which are all immunoreactive for the neuronal nuclear marker (NeuN). However, in contrast to other D1+ or D2+ striatal cells, those that form the accumbens cluster are devoid of calbindin (CB) and DARPP‐32, two faithful markers for striatal projection neurons. Using GAD‐GFP transgenic mice, we confirm the GABAergic nature of the D1+ clustered neurons. Intracellular injections from fixed brain slices indicate that these neurons are endowed with distinctive morphological features, including a small (5–6 µm), round cell body giving rise to a single primary dendrite that branches into two secondary processes. Single‐neuronal injections combined to electron microscopy reveal the existence of GAP junctions linking these D1+ cells. Based on their location, morphological characteristics and neurochemical phenotype, we conclude that the D1+ accumbens cluster form a highly compact group of small neurons distinct from the larger and more diffusely distributed D1+ or D2+ striatal projection neurons that surround it. This remarkable nucleus might play a crucial role in the limbic function of the murine striatum.
Species‐specific use of allochthonous resources by ground beetles (Carabidae) at a river–land interface
Authors: Terui Akira , Akasaka Takumi , Negishi Junjiro N. , Uemura Fumihiko , Nakamura Futoshi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA variety of organisms mediate river–terrestrial linkages through spatial subsidies. However, most empirical studies have classified organisms rather broadly (e.g., by functional group or taxonomic family) and have dismissed species‐level linkages at the interface of ecosystems. Here, we show how allochthonous resource use varies among taxonomically similar species of ground beetles (family Carabidae) across seasons (June–September). We investigated seasonal shifts in the distribution of five beetle species and their dietary responses to spatial subsidies (emerging aquatic insects) in a Japanese braided river. Despite their taxonomic closeness, the ground beetles showed species‐specific responses to spatial subsidies, and beetle distribution patterns tended to coincide with their diets. Overall, 1–56% of ground beetle diets were derived from aquatic prey. One genus (Bembidion spp.) mainly consumed aquatic prey, while three species fed primarily on terrestrial prey across all seasons. However, one species (Lithochlaenius noguchii) showed shifts in its diet from aquatic to terrestrial prey according to subsidy availability. The observed variation in allochthonous resource use was likely related to species‐specific foraging modes, physiological tolerance to dry conditions, and interspecific competition. Our findings suggest that considering species‐specific interactions is necessary to fully understand cross‐system interactions and recipient food‐web dynamics.