bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matrix-Assisted Formation of Metal Nanoparticles in Organosilica Sol-Gels
Authors: Cheung Sandie H. , Dave Bakul C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe use of organosilica sol-gels for controlled in-situ formation of metal nanoparticles is investigated. The use of an organically-modified alkoxysilane precursor provides chemically interacting nanopores for the sequestration and binding of metal ions followed by chemical reduction to form metal nanoparticles. The sol-gel matrix acts as a structural template to enable growth of the metal nanoparticles within its porous silica framework, and prevents clustering to form precipitate. Furthermore, simple redox chemistry is used to convert pre-formed copper nanoparticles in the sol-gel matrix into silver and gold nanoparticles. A particularly important aspect of this synthesis method is that all the reaction chemistry is performed under ambient conditions. The particles are characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy for their sizes and size distribution. The elemental composition of the particles is determined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis.
Organic-Containing Mesoporous Silicas with a Variety of Mesophases and a Periodic Pore Wall Structure
Authors: Inagaki Shinji , Guan Shiyou 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this report we introduce new types of organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous materials, in which organic and inorganic moieties are distributed homogeneously at the molecular level in the framework, forming a covalently bonded network. Possessing unique surfaces on which both organic and inorganic components are exposed, these materials are expected to have applications in various areas as catalysts, adsorbents and separators, and as hosts for nano-cluster synthesis. The hybrid mesoporous materials showed not only unique surface properties but also unique structural features in micron- or angstrom-scales. Mesoporous materials containing ethylene groups in the main framework formed a variety of particle morphologies of hexagonal rod, spherical, and decaoctahedral shapes in the sizes of 1-10 μm. Mesoporous material containing phenylene groups showed novel crystal-like 7.6 Å periodicity in the pore walls. The mesoporous material has periodically arranged hydrophobic-hydrophilic surfaces, which is a great advantage for use as catalyst and host material for inclusion chemistry.
Preparation of Mesoporous Si-M Imide Gels (M=B, Al) via a Non-Aqueous Sol-Gel Route
Authors: Cheng Fei , Toury Berangere , Supplit Ralf , Bradley John S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSilicon-boron and silicon-aluminum imide gels were prepared by catalyzed ammonolyses of the precursors 2,4,6-tris[tris(dimethylamino)silylamino]borazine, {[(CH3)2N]3SiNH}3B3N3H3, 1, 2-(dimethylamino)4,6-di[tris(dimethylamino)silylaminoborazine, {[(CH3)2N]3SiNH}2B3(NMe2)N3H3, 2, and tris(dimethylaminosilylamino)-(tetrahydrofuran)alane, C4H8O)Al[NHSi(NMe2)3]3, 3, respectively. All the gels exhibited mesoporous structures with high surface area.
Modeling of Phonon Dispersion in a Semiconductor Quantum Dot Crystal
Authors: Lazarenkova Olga L. , Balandin Alexander A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe describe a model for numerical calculation of phonon spectrum in a three-dimensional regimented array of semiconductor quantum dots. Regimentation and possibility of carrier mini-band formation make this structure analogous to a crystal, e.g.quantum dot crystal. It is demonstrated that the acoustic phonon dispersion undergoes strong modification in such a structure leading to emergence of low-energy quasi-optical branches. Strong phonon spectrum modification is expected to affect carrier relaxation and transport properties.
Micromagnetics Simulation of Asymmetric Pseudo-Spin Valve Dots
Authors: Dao N. , Ross C. A. , Castaño F. J. , Donahue M. J. , Whittenburg S. L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present simulation results for Ni79Fe21 (5 nm)/Cu (3 nm)/Co (4nm) pseudo-spin valves. These simulations have been conducted on several different aspect ratios of rectangular dots. Distinct switches of the two magnetic layers were observed. At smaller aspect ratios, magnetization reversal proceeds through a leaf state in the soft layer and a flower state in the hard layer. For larger aspect ratios, reversal proceeds by nucleation and annihilation of domain walls. Our simulations show a reasonable agreement with the experimental results. Differences between the experimental and simulation results are discussed.
Recent Developments in Simulating Grain Growth with Monte Carlo Algorithms
Authors: Yu Qiang , Esche Sven K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBoth isotropic and anisotropic single-phase grain growth processes modeled using a modified Monte Carlo method exhibit parabolic growth kinetics, and the anisotropy degree affects only the rate of change of the mean grain area. In some cases, with significantly anisotropic grain boundary energies, the normalized grain size distributions are not time-invariant during the lattice evolution.
Multiplicative Noise in Microstructure Evolution
Authors: Wang K. G. , Glicksman M. E. , Crawford P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMultiparticle diffusion equations were modeled to simulate the dynamics of phase coarsening. Local environmental information and particle interactions within the microstructure are included in our simulations. These studies reveal that the growth rates of particles with the same radii can differ, and that particles with the average radius can grow, shrink, or remain conditionally stable. These results are in contrast to mean-field predictions, where particle growth rates are strictly deterministic. Multiparticle simulations prove that fluctuations occur in the particle growth rates, even at extremely low microstructural densities. Multiplicative noise provides a good basis to describe microstructural fluctuations.
Ocular manifestations of snake bites in a tertiary care hospital in rural Northern Kerala, India
Authors: George Twinkle Ann , A. V. Asha , Ravindran Risha , N. V. Latha 
Published: February 2017

Background: Snake bite is a neglected public health problem worldwide especially in the tropics. Studies on ocular manifestations are still fragmentary. The objective of the study was to find ocular manifestations among the snake bite cases with systemic envenomation admitted in the intensive care units in a tertiary care hospital in rural North Kerala, India during a period of 4 years from May 2012 to May 2016.Methods: It was a prospective, observational, cross sectional study. Institutional ethical committee approval was obtained for the study. A descriptive analysis of snake bite cases with systemic envenomation was done. Other snake bites are excluded from the study. Patients who needed ophthalmological opinion for ocular symptoms were analyzed.Results: Total suspected snake bites admitted in ICUs during the study period were 638. Only 7 patients (1%) with haematotoxic envenomation needed ophthalmological opinion for ocular symptoms. Patients in the present study ranged between the age of 11 and 53. Ocular lesions diagnosed among the 6 patients who developed capillary leak syndrome, were bilateral angle closure glaucoma in 3 patients, pan uveitis, disc edema and retinal haemorrhages in 2 patients, bilateral macular oedema. Youngest patient had intracranial haemorrhage and bilateral orbital hemorrhage, leading to exposure keratitis. SAV was administered in all patients ranging from 11-30 vials. All the patients except the patient with orbital haemorrhage had a grave prognosis. Still only one of these patients expired on day 3, rest all patients had better vision and survived due to timely management.Conclusions: A timely intervention especially at the initial presentation of capillary leak syndrome, can decrease the morbidity and save the life of a patient.
Alarm Flood Threats and Mitigation Strategies Adopted Within Gasco
Authors: Pius Joseph 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Automation technology has developed at a rapid pace, providing several thousands of choices and capabilities to the end user. In the absence of a structured methodology in using these facilities, many industrial applications have ended with more complications and problems. Alarm configuration and deployment is one such area, where lack of proper guidance has resulted in operator receiving flood of alarms, which cannot be handled by human mind. Vastly over alarmed systems producing thousands of alarms per day has become very common. Root cause analyses of major industrial accidents have pointed to alarm floods as the reason.
GASCO became aware of the need to investigate and understand their alarm system performance in all its processing units. Bad actor analysis and alarm rationalization exercises have been conducted in their plants at various sites.
Alarm Management study, which has been broadly classified in to four main activities namely,
Bench marking Alarm Reduction exercise Alarm review exercise Post Review analysis
Ремоделювання сонних артерій у жінок з артеріальною гіпертензією та його зв’язок із додатковими факторами ризику
Authors: Koval O.A. , Zubko I.N. 
Published: February 2017

Актуальність. Артеріальна гіпертензія (АГ) разом із дією інших додаткових факторів серцево-судинного ризику обумовлює зміни в стінці артерій, що виражається в потовщенні комплексу інтима-медіа (КІМ), головним чином за рахунок середньої оболонки — медії. Мета дослідження: вивчити особливості ремоделювання загальних сонних артерій у жінок з АГ за допомогою ультразвукової пошарової оцінки інтими і медії та визначити вплив на них додаткових факторів серцево-судинного ризику. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 98 жінок з АГ I і II стадії 1-го і 2-го ступеня (основна група) та 42 здорові жінки (контрольна група). На апараті LOGIC PRO P5 у В-режимі вимірювали товщину КІМ, інтими, медії та діаметр загальних сонних артерій. Проведено добове моніторування артеріального тиску, допплерехокардіографію, оцінку індексу маси тіла, швидкості клубочкової фільтрації, ліпідограми, рівня креатиніну, глюкози плазми крові. Результати. При пошаровому скануванні стінки загальних сонних артерій у жінок з АГ порівняно з контрольною групою виявлено достовірне збільшення товщини КІМ (0,068 ± 0,009 см проти 0,052 ± 0,009 см, р < 0,001) переважно за рахунок шару медії (0,042 ± 0,008 проти 0,028 ± 0,009 см, р < 0,001). Товщина шару інтими в досліджуваних групах була статистично порівнянна (р > 0,05). Виявлений прямий кореляційний зв’язок товщини КІМ і медії з віком (r = +0,26; р < 0,001 і р = 0,56; р < 0,001), рівнем систолічного артеріального тиску (r = +0,30; р < 0,01 і r = +0,31; р < 0,01), глюкози (r = +0,37; р < 0,001 і r = +0,31, р < 0,01), з індексом маси тіла (r = +0,27; р < 0,01 і r = +0,22; р < 0,05) і обернений — зі швидкістю клубочкової фільтрації (r = –0,36; р < 0,001 і r = –0,41; р < +0001). Висновки. У жінок з АГ товщина КІМ на 30,8 %, а шару медії — на 33,4 % більша, ніж у контрольній групі (р < 0,001). Загальний внесок таких факторів, як рівень систолічного артеріального тиску, індекс маси тіла, швидкість клубочкової фільтрації, концентрація холестерину ліпопротеїнів низької щільності, глюкози, у прогресування потовщення КІМ становив 68 % і збігся з впливом на шар медії — 62 % на відміну від впливу на шар інтими, де їх внесок становив 26 %.
Direitos de Aprendizagem em Ciências Naturais no Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa
Authors: Flôr Cristhiane Cunha , Andrade Guilherme Trópia Barreto 
Published: February 2017

No presente trabalho temos o objetivo de discutir o fundamento formativo de professores denominado “Direitos de Aprendizagem” desenvolvido no Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC). Iniciamos pela discussão das possibilidades de representação do termo Direito que podem ser produzidas no campo educacional, como a dualidade direito-dever, a perspectiva legalista ou o direito como possibilidade de trabalho nas articulações entre as diferentes componentes curriculares. Em seguida exploramos a questão “que ciências temos o direito de aprender nas escolas?” a partir de concepções que apropriam ou deslocam a questão da neutralidade da ciência e suas implicações no ensino de ciências. Por fim, apresentamos uma possível articulação entre os Direitos de Aprendizagem e as ciências que temos o direito de aprender a partir de uma situação exemplar. Defendemos o direito de aprender ciências numa perpectiva em que exploramos a vida e experimentamos o mundo em novos pensamentos e conhecimentos, em detrimento às ciências em que os conhecimentos já estão prontos para serem apenas desvelados por alunos e professores.
The Integration of ERM and Strategy: Implications for Corporate Governance
Authors: Viscelli Therese R. , Hermanson Dana R. , Beasley Mark S. 
Published: February 2017

SYNOPSIS
Since the early 2000s, expectations have increased for organizations to strengthen corporate governance with enterprise risk management (ERM) processes, with the accounting profession playing a major role in these efforts. The ultimate goal of an effective ERM process is to help boards and senior executives to manage risks in the context of strategy so that the organization is more likely to achieve its key objectives. We conduct semi-structured interviews of 15 ERM champions to provide insights about whether the ERM process is integrated with the strategic-planning and execution processes of the firm. We find that while the decision to launch ERM often is based on a desire for ERM to provide strategic value, the integration of ERM with strategy typically is limited. We then examine the ERM implementation process to identify possible ERM implementation practices limiting ERM's integration with strategy. We find that organizations' (1) culture and approach to preparing for ERM's launch, (2) ERM leadership structure, and (3) management of key risks appear to limit the intersection of ERM and strategy. Our summary of key findings highlights important considerations for boards of directors, executive management, and auditors as they assess the effectiveness of their risk oversight efforts in overseeing the strategic direction of the enterprise.
The Impact of Senior Management Competencies on the Voluntary Adoption of an Innovative Technology
Authors: Boritz J. Efrim , Efendi Jap , Lim Jee-Hae 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
The adoption of innovative technologies holds both promise and risk. We focus on the voluntary adoption of innovative financial reporting and disclosure technologies (IFRDTs) using the voluntary adoption of XBRL as an exemplar for our study. In particular, since IFRDTs have both financial reporting (FR) and information technology aspects (IT), we examine the impact of IT and FR competencies possessed by members of the top management team (CEOs and CFOs) on the voluntary adoption of XBRL beyond the impact of environmental, organizational, technological, and financial characteristics of their firms. We find that the voluntary adoption of XBRL was positively associated with higher levels of IT competencies; but, surprisingly, voluntary adoption of this innovation was negatively associated with higher levels of FR competencies, regardless of the functional role played by the executive. These results extend the literature on the influence of management characteristics on corporate decisions and can be used as a guide for investigating top executives' roles in the voluntary adoption of other IFRDTs, such as the use of social media for financial reporting or voluntary standardized business reporting in jurisdictions where such reporting is not mandatory.
Whole-Day Gait Monitoring in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Relationship between Attention and Gait Cycle
Authors: Higuma Maya , Sanjo Nobuo , Mitoma Hiroshi , Yoneyama Mitsuru , Yokota Takanori 
Published: February 2017

Background: Gait impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its relationship with cognitive function has been described, but reports of gait analysis in AD in daily living are limited. Objective: To investigate whether gait pattern of patients with AD in daily living is associated with cognitive function. Methods: Gait was recorded in 24 patients with AD and 9 healthy controls (HC) for 24 hours by using a portable gait rhythmogram. Mean gait cycle and gait acceleration were compared between the AD and HC groups. For the AD group, these gait metrics were assessed for correlations with cognitive function, as determined by the Mini Mental State Examination and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R). Results: Although both gait parameters were not different between the patients with AD and HC, gait cycle in patients with AD was positively correlated with attention/concentration scores on the WMS-R ( r = 0.578), and not with memory function. Patients with AD with attention scores as high as HC displayed a longer gait cycle than both HC ( p = 0.048) and patients with AD with lower attention scores ( p = 0.011). The patients with AD with lower attention scores showed a similar gait cycle with HC ( p = 0.994). Conclusion: Patients with AD with impaired attentional function walk with faster gait cycle comparable to HC in daily living walking, which was unexpected based on previous gait analysis in clinical settings. This result probably reflects diminished consciousness to either the environment or instability of gait in the patients with AD with impaired attention.
Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode Network is Reduced in Association with Nocturnal Awakening in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: McKinnon Andrew C. , Duffy Shantel L. , Cross Nathan E. , Terpening Zoe , Grunstein Ron R. , Lagopoulos Jim , Batchelor Jennifer , Hickie Ian B. , Lewis Simon J.G. , Shine James M. , Naismith Sharon L. 
Published: February 2017

Background: Sleep disturbance is prevalent in MCI, and is a risk factor for cognitive deterioration. Objective: To identify functional connectivity deficits in the default mode network (DMN) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and sleep disturbance, relative to MCIs with intact sleep. Methods: Participants comprised 47 adults aged 55 years and over, recruited from the Healthy Brain Ageing Clinic at the Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia. This sample contained 15 controls and 32 participants meeting criteria for MCI. Participants underwent resting-state fMRI and actigraphy, along with comprehensive neuropsychological, medical and psychiatric assessment. MCIs were split into two groups according to average wake after sleep onset (WASO) per night. WASO equal to or greater than 1 standard deviation (SD) above the control mean was deemed to reflect disturbed sleep. There were 11 patients in the MCI sleep-disturbed group, and 21 in the MCI sleep-intact group. Results: Relative to controls, MCIs demonstrated significant connectivity reductions between parietal and temporoparietal regions, and between temporal regions. Relative to MCIs with intact sleep, MCIs with sleep disturbance demonstrated reductions in functional connectivity between temporal and parietal regions, and between temporal and temporoparietal regions. Conclusions: MCIs with nocturnal awakenings demonstrate reductions in DMN connectivity. These reductions comprise brain regions that are crucially involved in sleep and memory processes. These results strengthen our previous findings, which found reduced connectivity in MCIs with self-reported sleep disturbances. Future studies may build on these findings through incorporating complementary neuroimaging techniques and experimental manipulations of sleep.
Financial and Health Literacy Predict Incident Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia and Pathology
Authors: Yu Lei , Wilson Robert S. , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. , Boyle Patricia A. 
Published: February 2017

Background: Domain specific literacy is a multidimensional construct that requires multiple resources including cognitive and non-cognitive factors. Objective: We test the hypothesis that domain specific literacy is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and AD pathology after controlling for cognition. Methods: Participants were community-based older persons who completed a baseline literacy assessment, underwent annual clinical evaluations for up to 8 years, and agreed to organ donation after death. Financial and health literacy was measured using 32 questions and cognition was measured using 19 tests. Annual diagnosis of AD dementia followed standard criteria. AD pathology was examined postmortem by quantifying plaques and tangles. Cox models examined the association of literacy with incident AD dementia. Performance of model prediction for incident AD dementia was assessed using indices for integrated discrimination improvement and continuous net reclassification improvement. Linear regression models examined the independent association of literacy with AD pathology in autopsied participants. Results: All 805 participants were free of dementia at baseline and 102 (12.7%) developed AD dementia during the follow-up. Lower literacy was associated with higher risk for incident AD dementia ( p < 0.001), and the association persisted after controlling for cognition (hazard ratio = 1.50, p = 0.004). The model including the literacy measure had better predictive performance than the one with demographics and cognition only. Lower literacy also was associated with higher burden of AD pathology after controlling for cognition (β= 0.07, p = 0.035). Conclusion: Literacy predicts incident AD dementia and AD pathology in community-dwelling older persons, and the association is independent of traditional measures of cognition.
Waist-up protection for blind individuals using the EyeCane as a primary and secondary mobility aid
Authors: Buchs Galit , Simon Noa , Maidenbaum Shachar , Amedi Amir 
Published: February 2017

Background: One of the most stirring statistics in relation to the mobility of blind individuals is the high rate of upper body injuries, even when using the white-cane. Objective: We here addressed a rehabilitation- oriented challenge of providing a reliable tool for blind people to avoid waist-up obstacles, namely one of the impediments to their successful mobility using currently available methods (e.g., white-cane). Methods: We used the EyeCane, a device we developed which translates distances from several angles to haptic and auditory cues in an intuitive and unobtrusive manner, serving both as a primary and secondary mobility aid. We investigated the rehabilitation potential of such a device in facilitating visionless waist-up body protection. Results: After ∼5 minutes of training with the EyeCane blind participants were able to successfully detect and avoid obstacles waist-high and up. This was significantly higher than their success when using the white-cane alone. As avoidance of obstacles required participants to perform an additional cognitive process after their detection, the avoidance rate was significantly lower than the detection rate. Conclusion: Our work has demonstrated that the EyeCane has the potential to extend the sensory world of blind individuals by expanding their currently accessible inputs, and has offered them a new practical rehabilitation tool.