bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Various Caffeine Vehicles on Mood and Cognitive, Neurological and Physiological Functions over Five Hours
Authors: Paulus Ryan , Roth Alex , Titus Lauren , Chen Renee , Bridges Michael Chad , Woodyard Shyla 
Published: October 2017

Although college students’ caffeine consumption has increased over the last decade, studies have not yet determined the time frame in which caffeine exerts its effects nor the impact of the vehicle by which caffeine is consumed. Sixty college students were randomly divided into one placebo (flour) and three caffeine treatment groups: 5-Hour Energy ®, Starbucks DoubleShot ®, or caffeine powder; all dosed at 3 mg caffeine/kg of body weight. A battery of tests was performed prior to dosing and repeated 2.5 and 5 hours post treatment. Mood was self-reported on a scale of 1-100 for happiness, alertness and focus. Cognitive function was assessed by Stroop and memory tests. Reaction time, heart rate, blood glucose, and electroencephalogram were recorded. All initial measurements across groups and group baselines vs 2.5 and 5 hour results were analyzed by ANOVA followed, when indicated, by post hoc t-tests at 95% confidence levels and only significant results are reported. All caffeine groups had elevations in mood and faster reaction times at 2.5 hours (most effects sustained for 5 hours). The 5-Hour Energy® group rated alertness higher than other caffeine treatments, and was the only group to demonstrate decreases in alpha waves, memory improvements, and impaired glucose homeostasis. All caffeine groups had improved cognition with decreased Stroop test time and the caffeine powder and 5-Hour Energy ® groups had improved Stroop test accuracy at 2.5 hours. The 5-Hour Energy shot ® had the greatest proportion of sustained caffeine effects across test parameters.
Short-term Impacts of Prescribed Burning on the Spider Community (Order: Araneae) in a Small Ohio Grassland
Authors: Rose Sarah Jane , Goebel P. Charles 
Published: October 2017

Prescribed burning is a management tool that is widely accepted for prairie management and restoration, yet little is known how burning may impact the spider community. Although it is generally thought that prescribed burning may alter the spider community composition and structure, few studies have examined these shifts in a controlled manner with both a burned grassland and a nearby unburned companion grassland. On October 25, 2014 we conducted a prescribed burn of a grassland at the Gwynne Conservation Area, London, Ohio. Spiders were sampled using pitfall traps for four weeks pre-burn and six weeks post-burn in both the treatment grassland and adjacent unburned grassland. A total of 298 spiders were collected from sixteen families, over 60% of which were in the family Lycosidae. Overall, we found the prescribed burn did not significantly alter the abundance or diversity of spiders collected, and interestingly it appears the community composition of the unburned grassland changed more over the sample period than the burned grassland. Anecdotal observations also suggest that some spiders are capable of surviving the fire in situ. As we continue to study these communities, we will develop a better understanding of role that prescribed burning plays in regulating the structure and composition of the spider communities. Such information is important to develop process-based restoration and management practices in grassland ecosystems.
CADMIUM TOXICITY INDUCED MORPHOLOGICAL ALTERATION IN INDIGENOUS FISH Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch.)
Authors: Shukla Madhulekha , Arya Sunita 
Published: October 2017

The aim of present study was to determine the toxicity (LC50) of cadmium chloride in freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Acute toxicity of cadmium on the indigenous fish H., fossilis was designed in the fish aquarium in laboratory at room temperature in Department of Zoology, DGPG College at Kanpur.
Treated fish H., fossilis induced morphological alteration against cadmium chloride toxicity. H. fossilis showed morphological alteration such as increased opercula movement, abnormal swimming, and loss of buoyancy and fading of their body colour. Control fishes were also continuously monitored and compared with the changes caused by cadmium concentration.
Heteropneustes fossilis exposed different concentration of cadmium chloride toxicity i.e. 0 ppm for 24 h, 10 ppm for 48h, 15ppm for 72h and 20 ppm for 96 h. From this present study it seems that the indigenous fish, H. fossilis is more susceptible to cadmium toxicity.
Adoption of Mobile Banking in Bangladesh: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Islam Md Shamimul , Karia Noorliza , Soliman Mohamed Soliman Mohamed , Fouji Mahmudul Hasan , Khalid Jamshed , Khaleel Muhammad 
Published: October 2017

<p>The objective of this paper is to present a framework to study the behavioral intention of customers to use mobile banking service in Bangladesh.Though many companies have taken initiatives to make it popular among the customers, there is still no sign of significant progress. It is therefore necessary to understand what factors influence the intentions of customers to adopt mobile banking in Bangladesh. However, there is a lack of scientific frameworks available to adopt for this study purpose. <strong></strong></p>
Energy analysis and CO2 eq emissions of chicken meat production
Authors: Baltierra-Trejo Eduardo , Arroyo-Pitacua Alejandra , Márquez-Benavides Liliana 
Published: October 2017

En México, las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero del sector agropecuario consideran mayormente las fuentes entéricas y de manejo de estiércol. Sin embargo las emisiones producto de la demanda de energía fósil no están consideradas. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la demanda energética (MJ) para producir un kilogramo de carne de pollo y determinar las emisiones de CO2 equivalente asociadas. Para ello se analizó el consumo energético en una granja del centro-occidente de México, necesario para el suministro de agua, alimento, iluminación, ventilación, extracción de aire y calefacción, tomando una base de cálculo de 1000 aves. Se encontró que la emisión derivada del consumo de energía fósil es de 0.47 kg CO2 eq por kilogramo de carne de pollo en pie en un ciclo productivo.
Tratamento Endovascular de Rotura de Pseudoaneurisma da Artéria Gastroduodenal após Acidente de Viação
Authors: Dutra Sofia , Gomes Filipe Veloso , Bilhim Tiago , Coimbra Élia 
Published: October 2017

Os autores apresentam o caso de um homem de 39 anos de idade, com antecedentes de pancreatite crónica alcoólica, que foi admitido no serviço de Urgência na sequência de um acidente de viação. À entrada apresentava-se pálido, com dor abdominal, e hemodinamicamente instável, com necessidade de transfusões de sangue. Realizou angio-tomografia computorizada abdomino-pélvica, que mostrou um pseudoaneurisma da artéria gastroduodenal e hemoperitoneu. Foi referenciado à unidade de Radiologia de Intervenção do nosso centro hospitalar e submetido a tratamento endovascular, que consistiu na embolização ‘backdoor’ e ‘frontdoor’ da artéria gastroduodenal e do colo do pseudoaneurisma com coils, obtendo-se exclusão total nas angiografias de controlo. Com a descrição deste caso pretende-se destacar a raridade das roturas de pseudoaneurismas da artéria gastroduodenal e enfatizar a importância da radiologia de intervenção, que desempenhou um papel fundamental no tratamento endovascular, em contexto de urgência, permitindo o controlo da lesão.
Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections: Results of a Cohort Study Performed in an Internal Medicine Department
Authors: Lobão Maria João , Sousa Paulo 
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are the most frequent healthcare associated infections, being related to both high costs and morbidity. Our intention was to carry out an epidemiological characterization of hospital acquired urinary tract infections that occurred in an internal medicine department of a Portuguese hospital.Material and Methods: Retrospective cohort study (historic cohort). Data were analysed from a systematic random sample of 388 patients, representative of the 3492 admissions occurred in 2014 in that department.Results: One in four patients underwent the placement of a bladder catheter [24.7% (n = 96); 95% CI: 20% - 29%], 36.5% (95% CI: 33% - 48%) of which in the absence of clinical criteria for that procedure. The global cumulative incidence rate for nosocomial urinary tract infections was 4.6% (95% CI: 2.5% - 6.7%). Most hospital acquired urinary tract infections (61.1%) were related to bladder catheter use. We quantified 3.06 infections / 1000 patient-days and 14.5 infections / 1000 catheter-days. Catheter associated urinary tract infection occurred at an early stage of hospitalization. The vast majority of patients (66.7%) that developed a catheter associated urinary tract infection were subjected to bladder catheter placement at emergency department. Seventy one per cent of catheter associated urinary tract infection occurred in patients that were subjected to bladder catheter placement without criteria.Discussion: These results point to an excessive and inadequate use of urinary catheters, highlighting the need for judicious use taking into account the formal clinical indications. The incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infection is similar to what we found in other studies. Nevertheless we found a very high incidence density per catheter-days that may foresee a problem probably related to the absence of early withdrawal of the device, and to both bladder catheter placement and maintenance practices. A significant part of catheter associated urinary tract infection occurred in patients that had the bladder catheter placed in the emergency department, before the admission to the internal medicine ward, which highlights the need to assess the urinary catheterization practices in those departments.Conclusion: The high rate of catheter associated urinary tract infection that occurred in the absence of bladder placement indication reinforces the need to implement prevention strategies that contemplate the reduction of its use. Emergency departments should be part of quality improvement projects in this area. Causes for the early onset of catheter associated urinary tract infection in this cohort should be investigated.
NEOPLASIAS PRIMÁRIAS DO BAÇO
Authors: Roseira Louise de Faro Teles , Loiola Fernando Correia , Guedes Virgílio Ribeiro 
Published: October 2017

As neoplasias primárias do baço constituem um grupo com baixa taxa de incidência na prática médica. Por compreender várias patologias raras com manifestações inespecíficas, o diagnóstico na grande maioria dos casos só é dado após realização de esplenectomia e análise anatomopatológica do material. Este trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar uma revisão de literatura acerca de algumas das principais neoplasias primárias do baço, benignas e malignas, discutindo os principais sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento das mesmas.Palavras-chave: Neoplasias, Baço, Esplenectomia.
ABSTRACT
Primary spleen neoplasms are a group with a low incidence rate in medical practice. Because it comprises several rare pathologies with nonspecific manifestations, the diagnosis in the great majority of cases is only given after performing splenectomy and anatomopathological analysis of the material. This paper aims to present a literature review about some of the main benign and malignant primary neoplasms of the spleen, discussing the main symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the same. Keywords: Neoplasms. Spleen. Splenectomy.
Pengaruh Penambahan Gliserol pada Media Perbanyakan terhadap Daya Simpan Biofungisida Trichoderma
Authors: Amaria Widi , Ferry Yulius , Samsudin Samsudin , Harni Rita 
Published: October 2017

<em>The storage longevity of biofungicide containing </em>Trichoderma virens <em>and</em> T. amazonicum <em>to controll the whithe root diseases (WRD) in rubber plants is important to know to remain effective when applied. The composition of the multiplication medium in the </em>T. virens<em> </em><em><span style="text-decoration: line-through;">dan</span> and </em>T. amazonicum<em> biofungicide can affect the longevity and viability of conidia during storage. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of glycerol addition in the multiplication medium of </em>T. virens <em>and</em> T. amazonicum<em> biofungicide during storage. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Protection, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from January to July 2014. The experiment used a completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The biofungicidal formula consisted of: (1) glycerol addition (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) in the multiplication medium of </em>T. virens<em> and (2) glycerol addition (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) in the multiplication medium of </em>T. amazonicum<em>. Each multiplication was mixed with a carrier (talc), dried, then packed in a plastic bag and stored for 4 months. Observations were carried out each month, including: the amount of conidia, </em>Trichoderma<em> sp. population, and water content. The results showed that the addition of glycerol to multiplication medium was able to maintain the viability of </em>T. virens<em> and </em>T. amazonicum<em> and the storage longevity of the biofungicide. The addition of 6% to 9% glycerol in the multiplication medium of </em>T. virens<em> and </em>T. amazonicum<em> showed the highest concentration, yielding conidia up to 7.98 x 10<sup>7 </sup>– 8.59 x 10<sup>7</sup> conidia/g and population abundance of 11.67 x 10<sup>3 </sup>– 14.67 x 10<sup>3</sup> cfu/g in biofungicide stored for 4 months.</em>
Heterotrophic monitoring at a drinking water treatment plant by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry after different drinking water treatments
Authors: Sala-Comorera Laura , Blanch Anicet R. , Vilaró Carles , Galofré Belén , García-Aljaro Cristina 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the suitability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for routine heterotrophic monitoring in a drinking water treatment plant. Water samples were collected from raw surface water and after different treatments during two campaigns over a 1-year period. Heterotrophic bacteria were studied and isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Moreover, the diversity index and the coefficient of population similarity were also calculated using biochemical fingerprinting of the populations studied. MALDI-TOF MS enabled us to characterize and detect changes in the bacterial community composition throughout the water treatment plant. Raw water showed a large and diverse population which was slightly modified after initial treatment steps (sand filtration and ultrafiltration). Reverse osmosis had a significant impact on the microbial diversity, while the final chlorination step produced a shift in the composition of the bacterial community. Although MALDI-TOF MS could not identify all the isolates since the available MALDI-TOF MS database does not cover all the bacterial diversity in water, this technique could be used to monitor bacterial changes in drinking water treatment plants by creating a specific protein profile database for tracking purposes.
Biofiltration field study for cold Fe(II)- and Mn(II)-rich groundwater: accelerated Mn(II) removal kinetics and cold-adapted Mn(II)-oxidizing microbial populations
Authors: Dangeti Sandeepraja , Roshani Babak , Rindall Brian , McBeth Joyce M. , Chang Wonjae 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRemoval of Mn(II) from Fe(II)- and Mn(II)-rich groundwater in cold regions is challenging, due to slow Mn(II) removal kinetics below 15 °C. This study demonstrated onset, acclimation, and acceleration of Mn(II) removal in a two-stage pilot-scale biofilter (Fe and Mn filters) at varying low on-site temperatures (8–14.8 °C). Mn(II) removal commenced at 8 °C in the Mn filter after Fe(II) removal. A shift in redox-pH conditions favored biological Mn(II) removal and Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria increased. The Mn filter reached steady-state functioning after 97 days, exhibiting high removal efficiencies (97 ± 0.9%). Yet, first-order rate constants (k) for Mn(II) removal were low (10−6–10−5 min−1; t1/2 = ∼40 d). After consecutive backwashes and filter inoculation with backwashed sludge, k remarkably accelerated to 0.21 min−1 (t1/2 = 3.31 min at 11 ± 0.6 °C). The cold-adapted microbial consortium (51 genera), including Pseudomonas, Leptothrix, Flavobacterium, and Zoogloea, cultured from the field-aged biofilter rapidly produced biogenic Mn oxides at 8 °C, confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Birnessite and pyrolusite detected by synchrotron-based powder X-ray diffraction, and a repetitive birnessite-like surface morphology on ripened filter materials, reflected autocatalytic oxidation. Shifting in k indicated the vertical progress of biofilter ripening, which was not limited by low temperature.
Simultaneous organic matter removal and nitrification of an inert self-supporting immersed media to upgrade aerated lagoons
Authors: Boutet E. , Baillargeon S. , Patry B. , Lessard P. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A pilot study was performed to evaluate the potential of an inert self-supported immersed fixed film media to upgrade aerated lagoons. Simultaneous organic matter removal and nitrification was assessed under different loading rates and temperatures (near 0 °C) using 12 laboratory-scale reactors operated in parallel. Test results showed that both the temperature and the load have an influence on organic matter effluent concentrations. Effluent quality seemed related to the observed biofilm thickness. Thicker biofilm is believed to have contributed to biomass detachment and increased particulate organic matter concentrations in the effluent. Simultaneous organic removal and nitrification was obtained at loads above 5 g CBOD5/m2·d. The highest nitrification rate at 0.4 °C was obtained for the smallest load, which showed a nitrification limitation close to freezing point.
Enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency in a dyestuff wastewater treatment plant with the IFFAS process: the pilot-scale and full-scale studies
Authors: Mao Yanjun , Quan Xie , Zhao Huimin , Zhang Yaobin , Chen Shuo , Liu Tao 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The activated sludge (AS) process is widely applied in dyestuff wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); however, the nitrogen removal efficiency is relatively low and the effluent does not meet the indirect discharge standards before being discharged into the industrial park's WWTP. Hence it is necessary to upgrade the WWTP with more advanced technologies. Moving bed biofilm processes with suspended carriers in an aerobic tank are promising methods due to enhanced nitrification and denitrification. Herein, a pilot-scale integrated free-floating biofilm and activated sludge (IFFAS) process was employed to investigate the feasibility of enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The results showed that the effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrate (NH4+-N) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations of the IFFAS process were significantly lower than those of the AS process, and could meet the indirect discharge standards. PCR-DGGE and FISH results indicated that more nitrifiers and denitrifiers co-existed in the IFFAS system, promoting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Based on the pilot results, the IFFAS process was used to upgrade the full-scale AS process, and the effluent COD, NH4+-N and TN of the IFFAS process were 91–291 mg/L, 10.6–28.7 mg/L and 18.9–48.6 mg/L, stably meeting the indirect discharge standards and demonstrating the advantages of IFFAS in dyestuff wastewater treatment.
Photochemical Reactions for the Synthesis of Six-Membered O-Heterocycles
Authors: Kaur Navjeet 
Published: October 2017

Background:
The chemists have been interested in light as an energy source to induce chemical reactions
since the beginning of the scientific chemistry. This review summarizes the chemistry of photochemical
reactions with emphasis of their synthetic applications. The organic photochemical reactions avoid the polluting
or toxic reagents and therefore offer perspectives for sustainable processes and green chemistry. In summary,
this review article describes the synthesis of a number of six-membered O-heterocycles.

Objective:
Photochemistry is indeed a great tool synthetic chemists have at their disposal. The formation of byproducts
was diminished under photochemical substrate activation that usually occurred without additional
reagents. Photochemical irradiation is becoming more interesting day by day because of easy purification of
the products as well as green chemistry.

Conclusion:
This review article represents the high applicability of photochemical reactions for organic synthesis
and research activities in organic photochemistry. The synthesis of heterocyclic molecules has been outlined
in this review. Traditional approaches require expensive or highly specialized equipment or would be of
limited use to the synthetic organic chemist due to their highly inconvenient approaches. Photochemistry can
be used to prepare a number of heterocycles selectively, efficiently and in high yield.
One Pot Synthesis of Novel Substituted 2',4'-Dihydrospiro[chroman-2,3'-pyrazol]-4- one Derivatives
Authors: Tangeti Venkata S. , Babu Kattaru R. , Vasundhara Dasari , Satyanarayana K.V.V.V. , Mylapalli Himabindu , Kumar Kaja S.P. 
Published: October 2017

Aim and Objective: In the work, we have successfully presented a synthetic route for the synthesis
of novel 2',4'-dihydrospiro[chroman-2,3'-pyrazol]-4-one derivatives via one pot multicomponent approach.

Materials and Method:
Substituted 2',4'-dihydrospiro[chroman-2,3'-pyrazol]-4-one were prepared through cascade
three-component condensation of ortho-hydroxyacetophenone, β-ketoester, hydrazine in the presence of
pyrrolidine as a catalyst under ethanol reflux conditions.

Results:
A series of novel 2',4'-dihydrospiro[chroman-2,3'-pyrazol]-4-one have been synthesized through a
facile strategy. These structures of newly synthesized derivatives were determined by 1H, 13C NMR, HRMS
and CHNS analysis.

Conclusion:
We have achieved the one-pot, three-component synthesis of highly substituted pyrazole spirochromanones
in presence of pyrrolidine as a catalyst under ethanol reflux conditions. Using different types of
aliphatic and aromatic β-ketoesters, o-hydroxyacetophenone derivatives and different kinds of hydrazine derivatives
as building blocks, we could construct novel libraries of substituted pyrazole spirochromanones that
make this method suitable for combinatorial and parallel synthesis in drug discovery.