bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical relevance of thrombocytosis in primary care: a prospective cohort study of cancer incidence using English electronic medical records and cancer registry data
Authors: Bailey Sarah ER , Ukoumunne Obioha C , Shephard Elizabeth A , Hamilton Willie 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThrombocytosis (raised platelet count) is an emerging risk marker of cancer, but the association has not been fully explored in a primary care context.AimTo examine the incidence of cancer in a cohort of patients with thrombocytosis, to determine how clinically useful this risk marker could be in predicting an underlying malignancy.Design and settingA prospective cohort study using Clinical Practice Research Datalink data from 2000 to 2013.MethodThe 1-year incidence of cancer was compared between two cohorts: 40 000 patients aged ≥40 years with a platelet count of >400 × 109/L (thrombocytosis) and 10 000 matched patients with a normal platelet count. Sub-analyses examined the risk with change in platelet count, sex, age, and different cancer sites.ResultsA total of 1098 out of 9435 males with thrombocytosis were diagnosed with cancer (11.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 11.0 to 12.3), compared with 106 of 2599 males without thrombocytosis (4.1%; 95% CI = 3.4 to 4.9). A total of 1355 out of 21 826 females with thrombocytosis developed cancer (6.2%; 95% CI = 5.9 to 6.5), compared with 119 of 5370 females without (2.2%; 95% CI = 1.8 to 2.6). The risk of cancer increased to 18.1% (95% CI = 15.9 to 20.5) for males and 10.1% (95% CI = 9.0 to 11.3) for females, when a second raised platelet count was recorded within 6 months. Lung and colorectal cancer were more commonly diagnosed with thrombocytosis. One-third of patients with thrombocytosis and lung or colorectal cancer had no other symptoms indicative of malignancy.ConclusionThrombocytosis is a risk marker of cancer in adults; 11.6% and 6.2% cancer incidence in males and females, respectively, is worthy of further investigation for underlying malignancy. These figures well exceed the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence-mandated risk threshold of 3% risk to warrant referral for suspected cancer.
Global Crustal Dynamics of Magnetars in Relation to Their Bright X-Ray Outbursts
Authors: Thompson Christopher , Yang Huan , Ortiz Néstor 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper considers the yielding response of a neutron star crust to smooth, unbalanced Maxwell stresses imposed at the core–crust boundary, and the coupling of the dynamic crust to the external magnetic field. Stress buildup and yielding in a magnetar crust are global phenomena: an elastic distortion radiating from one plastically deforming zone is shown to dramatically increase the creep rate in distant zones. Runaway creep to dynamical rates is shown to be possible, being enhanced by in situ heating and suppressed by thermal conduction and shearing of an embedded magnetic field. A global and time-dependent model of elastic, plastic, magnetic, and thermal evolution is developed. Fault-like structures develop naturally, and a range of outburst timescales is observed. Transient events with time profiles similar to giant magnetar flares (millisecond rise, ∼0.1 s duration, and decaying power-law tails) result from runaway creep that starts in localized sub-kilometer-sized patches and spreads across the crust. A one-dimensional model of stress relaxation in the vertically stratified crust shows that a modest increase in applied stress allows embedded magnetic shear to escape the star over ∼3–10 ms, dissipating greater energy if the exterior field is already sheared. Several such zones coupled to each other naturally yield a burst of duration ∼0.1 s, as is observed over a wide range of burst energies. The collective interaction of many plastic zones forces an overstability of global elastic modes of the crust, consistent with quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) activity extending over ∼100 s. Giant flares probably involve sudden meltdown in localized zones, with high-frequency (≫100 Hz) QPOs corresponding to standing Alfvén waves within these zones.
Evidence for a Magnetic Reconnection Origin of Plasma Outflows along Post-CME Rays
Authors: Chae Jongchul , Cho Kyuhyoun , Kwon Ryun-Young , Lim Eun-Kyung 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Bright rays are often observed after coronal mass ejections (CMEs) erupt. These rays are dynamical structures along which plasmas move outward. We investigated the outflows along the post-CME rays observed by the COR2 on board STEREO Behind on 2013 September 21 and 22. We tracked two CMEs, two ray tips, and seven blobs using the NAVE optical flow technique. As a result, we found that the departure times of blobs and ray tips from the optimally chosen starting height of

0.5

R

☉

coincided with the occurrence times of the corresponding recurrent small flares within 10 minutes. These small flares took place many hours after the major flares. This result supports a magnetic reconnection origin of the outward flows along the post-CME ray and the importance of magnetic islands for understanding the process of magnetic reconnection. The total energy of magnetic reconnection maintaining the outflows for 40 hr is estimated at

1.4
×

10

30

erg. Further investigations of plasma outflows along post-CME rays will shed much light on the physical properties of magnetic reconnection occurring in the solar corona.
Shocks and Tides Quantified in the “Sausage” Cluster, CIZA J2242.8+5301 Using N-body/Hydrodynamical Simulations
Authors: Molnar S. M. , Broadhurst T. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The colliding cluster, CIZA J2242.8+5301, displays a spectacular, almost 2 Mpc long shock front with a radio based Mach number

, that is puzzlingly large compared to the X-ray estimate of

. The extent to which the X-ray temperature jump is diluted by cooler unshocked gas projected through the cluster currently lacks quantification. Here we apply our self-consistent N-body/hydrodynamical code (based on FLASH) to model this binary cluster encounter. We can account for the location of the shock front and also the elongated X-ray emission by tidal stretching of the gas and dark matter between the two cluster centers. The required total mass is

with a 1.3:1 mass ratio favoring the southern cluster component. The relative velocity we derive is

initially between the two main cluster components, with an impact parameter of 120 kpc. This solution implies that the shock temperature jump derived from the low angular resolution X-ray satellite Suzaku is underestimated by a factor of two, due to cool gas in projection, bringing the observed X-ray and radio estimates into agreement. Finally, we use our model to generate Compton-y maps to estimate the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect. At 30 GHz, this amounts to

mJy/arcmin2 and

mJy/arcmin2 at the locations of the northern and southern shock fronts respectively. Our model estimate agrees with previous empirical estimates that have inferred the measured radio spectra of the radio relics can be significantly affected by the SZ effect, with implications for charged particle acceleration models.
Postures du chercheur dans les processus mémoriels et patrimoniaux des migrations. Réflexivité revisitée
Authors: Dos Santos Irène 
Published: May 2017

Résumé	Le rôle des chercheurs dans les processus de valorisation des « mémoires » des migrations qu’ils étudient a fait l’objet d’analyses réflexives dans différents types de recherches relevant de l’histoire de l’immigration, de l’anthropologie des migrations et de la socio-anthropologie du patrimoine. Elles montrent des visées et postures épistémologiques diverses et posent notamment la question de l’engagement du chercheur. Revenant sur une recherche ethnographique menée il y a dix ans sur la migration portugaise en France, l’auteur met en perspective sa relation à l’objet de recherche en tant que fille d’immigrés et une approche critique de la mémoire.
Ce que commémorer veut dire. Le dispositif mémoriel du « cinquantième anniversaire de l’installation définitive du bachaga Saïd Boualam et ses harkis » en France
Authors: Fabbiano Giulia 
Published: May 2017

Résumé	La commémoration pour le « cinquantième anniversaire de l’installation définitive du bachaga Saïd Boualam et ses harkis » qui a eu lieu le 18 mai 2012 à Mas Thibert (Arles) donne à voir les torsions auxquelles le passé est soumis lorsqu’il est encodé. En associant les trajectoires des harkis et de leurs familles à celles du bachaga et de ses proches, cette commémoration ne se limite en effet pas à investir le passé mais contribue à le produire. C’est ainsi un dispositif mémoriel de construction d’un événement dont l’évocation est en elle-même un acte d’institution.
Patrimonialiser l’immigration via les témoignages : enjeux et embûches
Authors: Chauliac Marina , Venel Nancy 
Published: May 2017

Résumé	À partir d’une recherche menée sur une institution culturelle singulière, le Rize à Villeurbanne, il s’agit de questionner la manière dont un établissement municipal contribue à apporter une qualification particulière et durable aux mémoires des groupes migrants via le témoignage et la constitution d’archives orales. La question du témoignage est ici abordée en miroir à travers sa construction par l’institution et par le témoin afin de mieux cerner les enjeux et les décalages possibles autour de la mémoire collective et son éventuelle patrimonialisation.
Reconnaissances situées et pluralisation du « nous ». Effets et portée des mémoires des migrations
Authors: Bertheleu Hélène 
Published: May 2017

Résumé	Quels sont les effets des multiples initiatives mémorielles qui portent sur les migrations ? Comment saisir la portée des projets et des engagements pour cette « cause » ? Au-delà du profil de l’« entrepreneur de mémoire », les effets sont incertains mais parfois perceptibles en termes de patrimonialisation, de reconnaissance et finalement de citoyenneté.
L’Afrique de l’Est et les réseaux d’échanges océaniques entre les Ier et XVe siècles
Authors: Beaujard Philippe 
Published: May 2017

L’Afrique de l’Est a été connectée à des réseaux d’échange océaniques depuis le IIe millénaire av. J.-C. et incluse dans un système-monde afro-eurasien où elle forma une périphérie depuis le début du premier millénaire de l’ère chrétienne, puis une semi-périphérie à partir du xe siècle. Comme le montrent les divers articles de ce numéro de la revue Afriques, la côte est-africaine – curieusement négligée par des ouvrages comme celui de K. Chaudhuri (1975) ou J. Abu-Lughod (1989) – a joué un rôle actif dans ce système, y compris après l’arrivée des Portugais au xvie siècle.
MEMS NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE MICROCOIL
Authors: Ghasemi Mir Majid , Bahrami Manouchehr 
Published: May 2017

NMR is one of the important analytic tools which is used to obtain certain information such as metabolic concentrations in neural or muscular tissues. In some other important applications such as proton decoupling, it is necessary to design NMR transmitters/receivers capable of operating at multiple frequencies, while maintaining a good performance at each frequency. In this work, a new nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) receiver microcoil based on MEMS technology is proposed. The designed structure uses MEMS microswitches with low contact resistance and NMR-based actuation mechanism. The proposed device can detect carbon (13C), proton (1H), and phosphorus (31p) nucleus with larmor frequencies of 96.36[Formula: see text]MHz, 383[Formula: see text]MHz, and 155.11[Formula: see text]MHz at 9 T magnetic field, respectively. The designed microcoil achieves three important goals: (1) Getting high SNR, high Q and high filling factor which are key parameters in NMR performance, by changing number of turns. (2) Turning into the array of microcoils to obtain better SNR. (3) Turning into two or three microcoils inside of each other for simultaneous detection. The MEMS microswitch in this paper uses static magnetic field of the NMR for its operation ([Formula: see text]T) which simplifies the switch mechanism. This switch is small (150[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]6[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m), scattering parameters of 43.2[Formula: see text]db isolation and 0.0059 insertion loss and maximum displacement of 2.03[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m due to the magnetostatic actuation. In this work, the models and investigations are conducted using finite element simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics. The switch scattering parameters are obtained by HFSS 12.0.
FHR-1 Binds to C-Reactive Protein and Enhances Rather than Inhibits Complement Activation
Authors: Csincsi Ádám I. , Szabó Zsóka , Bánlaki Zsófia , Uzonyi Barbara , Cserhalmi Marcell , Kárpáti Éva , Tortajada Agustín , Caesar Joseph J. E. , Prohászka Zoltán , Jokiranta T. Sakari , Lea Susan M. , Rodríguez de Córdoba Santiago , Józsi Mihály 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Factor H–related protein (FHR) 1 is one of the five human FHRs that share sequence and structural homology with the alternative pathway complement inhibitor FH. Genetic studies on disease associations and functional analyses indicate that FHR-1 enhances complement activation by competitive inhibition of FH binding to some surfaces and immune proteins. We have recently shown that FHR-1 binds to pentraxin 3. In this study, our aim was to investigate whether FHR-1 binds to another pentraxin, C-reactive protein (CRP), analyze the functional relevance of this interaction, and study the role of FHR-1 in complement activation and regulation. FHR-1 did not bind to native, pentameric CRP, but it bound strongly to monomeric CRP via its C-terminal domains. FHR-1 at high concentration competed with FH for CRP binding, indicating possible complement deregulation also on this ligand. FHR-1 did not inhibit regulation of solid-phase C3 convertase by FH and did not inhibit terminal complement complex formation induced by zymosan. On the contrary, by binding C3b, FHR-1 allowed C3 convertase formation and thereby enhanced complement activation. FHR-1/CRP interactions increased complement activation via the classical and alternative pathways on surfaces such as the extracellular matrix and necrotic cells. Altogether, these results identify CRP as a ligand for FHR-1 and suggest that FHR-1 enhances, rather than inhibits, complement activation, which may explain the protective effect of FHR-1 deficiency in age-related macular degeneration.
Mandated High School Concussion Education and Collegiate Athletes' Understanding of Concussion
Authors: Carroll-Alfano Miriam 
Published: May 2017

Context:
Concussions in student-athletes are a serious problem. Most states have enacted legislation mandating concussion education for student-athletes, under the assumption that education leads to better self-reporting of concussions and improved knowledge of symptoms.

Objectives:
(1) To determine the effect of state-based concussion legislation on the proportion of student-athletes receiving concussion education and to assess the moderation of this effect by gender and sport and (2) to assess the effect of concussion education on student-athletes' knowledge of concussion symptoms and likelihood of seeking treatment after a concussion.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Private university.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 249 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics collegiate athletes attending St Xavier University; 160 were surveyed prelegislation and 89 were surveyed postlegislation.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Participants completed an anonymous survey that assessed previous involvement in concussion-education programs, degree of self-reporting after a concussion, and ability to enumerate symptoms.

Results:
The number of athletes who reported having received education increased after the implementation of concussion legislation; however, almost 25% still reported not having received education. Athletes who played football were more likely to report having received education than those who played volleyball. The student-athletes' ability to name a diversity of concussion symptoms or to report seeking medical attention after a concussion did not improve in the postlegislation period relative to the prelegislation period.

Conclusions:
Legislation has been passed in all 50 states to address concussions in student-athletes; however, improvements are still needed. Concussion education must be delivered in a uniform, effective manner to all student-athletes across sports and genders. Concussion education should emphasize the diversity of symptoms, especially cognitive and behavioral symptoms. We must develop and disseminate evidence-based educational programs that are clinically proven to be effective in improving athletes' knowledge and behaviors.
Integrating systemic module inference with attract method excavates attractor modules for cyclophosphamide contributing to prostate cancer
Authors: Sun Guodong , Zhang Wenjing , Wang Jing 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
The complete molecular mechanism that cyclophosphamide (CPA) induces the cell death is still unknown. To further reveal the mechanism of CPA contributing to prostate cancer, we conducted analysis on gene expression profile of E-GEOD-42913 to identify attractor modules by integrating systemic module inference with attract method.

Methods:
First, case and control protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were inferred based on Spearman correlation coefficient; then clique merging algorithm was performed to explore modules in the reweighted PPI network, and these modules were compared with each other so as to select similar modules; in the following, attractor modules were identified via attract method; finally, pathway enrichment analysis of genes in attractor modules was carried out.

Results:
A total of 11,535 genes were gained. A novel PPI network with 4698 nodes (20,541 interactions) was established via mapping the genes of the gene expression profile onto the original PPIs. Then, 1635 and 1487 interactions (P < 0.05) were selected to construct the destination network for CPA group and control group, respectively. Moreover, under the threshold value of overlap -threshold value of each two modules ≥ 0.5, 42 and 56 modules were separately determined for CPA group and control group. Twenty-six pairs of similar modules ([J (Sn, Tm)] ≥0.7) were gained. In the following, an attractor module which contained six nodes (15 interactions) (P < 0.05) was identified. Finally, two pathways with terms of DNA replication (P = 0.000137) and nucleotide excision repair (P = 0.024) were identified, and RFC4, POLE2 enriched in both of the pathways.

Conclusions:
We predicted that during the process of chemotherapy, CPA mainly affected the pathways of DNA replication and nucleotide excision repair to induce the cancer cell's death.
Reviving the “Ganges Water Machine”: where and how much?
Authors: Muthuwatta Lal , Amarasinghe Upali A. , Sood Aditya , Surinaidu Lagudu 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Runoff generated in the monsoon months in the upstream parts of the Ganges River basin (GRB) contributes substantially to downstream floods, while water shortages in the dry months affect agricultural production in the basin. This paper examines the potential for subsurface storage (SSS) in the Ganges basin to mitigate floods in the downstream areas and increase the availability of water during drier months. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used to estimate sub-basin water availability. The water availability estimated is then compared with the sub-basin-wise unmet water demand for agriculture. Hydrological analysis reveals that some of the unmet water demand in the sub-basin can be met provided it is possible to capture the runoff in sub-surface storage during the monsoon season (June to September). Some of the groundwater recharge is returned to the stream as baseflow and has the potential to increase dry season river flows. To examine the impacts of groundwater recharge on flood inundation and flows in the dry season (October to May), two groundwater recharge scenarios are tested in the Ramganga sub-basin. Increasing groundwater recharge by 35 and 65 % of the current level would increase the baseflow during the dry season by 1.46 billion m3 (34.5 % of the baseline) and 3.01 billion m3 (71.3 % of the baseline), respectively. Analysis of pumping scenarios indicates that 80 000 to 112 000 ha of additional wheat area can be irrigated in the Ramganga sub-basin by additional SSS without reducing the current baseflow volumes. Augmenting SSS reduces the peak flow and flood inundated areas in Ramganga (by up to 13.0 % for the 65 % scenario compared to the baseline), indicating the effectiveness of SSS in reducing areas inundated under floods in the sub-basin. However, this may not be sufficient to effectively control the flood in the downstream areas of the GRB, such as in the state of Bihar (prone to floods), which receives a total flow of 277 billion m3 from upstream sub-basins.
Nitrate retention capacity of milldam-impacted legacy sediments and relict A horizon soils
Authors: Weitzman Julie N. , Kaye Jason P. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. While eutrophication is often attributed to contemporary nutrient pollution, there is growing evidence that past practices, like the accumulation of legacy sediment behind historic milldams, are also important. Given their prevalence, there is a critical need to understand how N flows through, and is retained in, legacy sediments to improve predictions and management of N transport from uplands to streams in the context of climatic variability and land-use change. Our goal was to determine how nitrate (NO3−) is cycled through the soil of a legacy-sediment-strewn stream before and after soil drying. We extracted 10.16 cm radius intact soil columns that extended 30 cm into each of the three significant soil horizons at Big Spring Run (BSR) in Lancaster, Pennsylvania: surface legacy sediment characterized by a newly developing mineral A horizon soil, mid-layer legacy sediment consisting of mineral B horizon soil and a dark, organic-rich, buried relict A horizon soil. Columns were first preincubated at field capacity and then isotopically labeled nitrate (15NO3−) was added and allowed to drain to estimate retention. The columns were then air-dried and subsequently rewet with N-free water and allowed to drain to quantify the drought-induced loss of 15NO3− from the different horizons. We found the highest initial 15N retention in the mid-layer legacy sediment (17 ± 4 %) and buried relict A soil (14 ± 3 %) horizons, with significantly lower retention in the surface legacy sediment (6 ± 1 %) horizon. As expected, rewetting dry soil resulted in 15N losses in all horizons, with the greatest losses in the buried relict A horizon soil, followed by the mid-layer legacy sediment and surface legacy sediment horizons. The 15N remaining in the soil following the post-drought leaching was highest in the mid-layer legacy sediment, intermediate in the surface legacy sediment, and lowest in the buried relict A horizon soil. Fluctuations in the water table at BSR which affect saturation of the buried relict A horizon soil could lead to great loses of NO3− from the soil, while vertical flow through the legacy-sediment-rich soil profile that originates in the surface has the potential to retain more NO3−. Restoration that seeks to reconnect the groundwater and surface water, which will decrease the number of drying–rewetting events imposed on the relict A horizon soils, could initially lead to increased losses of NO3− to nearby stream waters.