bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America’s Clinical Practice Guidelines for Healthcare-Associated Ventriculitis and Meningitis*
Authors: Tunkel Allan R. , Hasbun Rodrigo , Bhimraj Adarsh , Byers Karin , Kaplan Sheldon L. , Scheld W. Michael , van de Beek Diederik , Bleck Thomas P. , Garton Hugh J. L. , Zunt Joseph R. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Standards and Practice Guidelines Committee collaborated with partner organizations to convene a panel of 10 experts on healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis. The panel represented pediatric and adult specialists in the field of infectious diseases and represented other organizations whose members care for patients with healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis (American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, and Neurocritical Care Society). The panel reviewed articles based on literature reviews, review articles and book chapters, evaluated the evidence and drafted recommendations. Questions were reviewed and approved by panel members. Subcategories were included for some questions based on specific populations of patients who may develop healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis after the following procedures or situations: cerebrospinal fluid shunts, cerebrospinal fluid drains, implantation of intrathecal infusion pumps, implantation of deep brain stimulation hardware, and general neurosurgery and head trauma. Recommendations were followed by the strength of the recommendation and the quality of the evidence supporting the recommendation. Many recommendations, however, were based on expert opinion because rigorous clinical data are not available. These guidelines represent a practical and useful approach to assist practicing clinicians in the management of these challenging infections.
Keywords. ventriculitis; meningitis; cerebrospinal fluid shunts; cerebrospinal fluid drains; central nervous system infections.
Draft genome of the Northern snakehead, Channa argus
Authors: Xu Jian , Bian Chao , Chen Kunci , Liu Guiming , Jiang Yanliang , Luo Qing , You Xinxin , Peng Wenzhu , Li Jia , Huang Yu , Yi Yunhai , Dong Chuanju , Deng Hua , Zhang Songhao , Zhang Hanyuan , Shi Qiong , Xu Peng 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
The Northern snakehead (Channa argus), a member of the Channidae family of the Perciformes, is an economically important freshwater fish native to East Asia. In North America, it has become notorious as an intentionally released invasive species. Its ability to breathe air with gills and migrate short distances over land makes it a good model for bimodal breath research. Therefore, recent research has focused on the identification of relevant candidate genes. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing of C. argus to construct its draft genome, aiming to offer useful information for further functional studies and identification of target genes related to its unusual facultative air breathing. Findings: We assembled theC. argus genome with a total of 140.3 Gb of raw reads, which were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. The final draft genome assembly was approximately 615.3 Mb, with a contig N50 of 81.4 kb and scaffold N50 of 4.5 Mb. The identified repeat sequences account for 18.9% of the whole genome. The 19 877 protein-coding genes were predicted from the genome assembly, with an average of 10.5 exons per gene. Conclusion: We generated a high-quality draft genome of C. argus, which will provide a valuable genetic resource for further biomedical investigations of this economically important teleost fish.
Bumped-Kinase Inhibitors for Cryptosporidiosis Therapy
Authors: Hulverson Matthew A. , Vinayak Sumiti , Choi Ryan , Schaefer Deborah A. , Castellanos-Gonzalez Alejandro , Vidadala Rama S. R. , Brooks Carrie F. , Herbert Gillian T. , Betzer Dana P. , Whitman Grant R. , Sparks Hayley N. , Arnold Samuel L. M. , Rivas Kasey L. , Barrett Lynn K. , White A. Clinton , Maly Dustin J. , Riggs Michael W. , Striepen Boris , Van Voorhis Wesley C. , Ojo Kayode K. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThis study describes iterative experiments to define bumped-kinase inhibitor properties needed for clinical efficacy. For these compounds, pharmacokinetics analysis of clinical cryptosporidiosis in mice show that fecal drug levels greater than parasite inhibitory concentrations correlate best with effective therapeutic outcomes.
What Is CPTED? Reconnecting Theory with Application in the Words of Users and Abusers
Authors: Armitage Rachel , Monchuk Leanne 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) represents a multifaceted approach to crime reduction that draws upon theories from environmental criminology, architecture and urban design and requires the commitment of agencies as diverse as police, planners, and housing developers. Its importance as a crime reduction approach has been formalized through strategy, policy, and regulation and its effectiveness has been confirmed in evaluations (see Brown, unpublished data, Pascoe, 1999, Armitage, 2000, Teedon et al., 2009; 2010, Armitage and Monchuk, 2011). Yet there remains a lack of clarity regarding CPTED’s definition, scope, and crucially, the fundamental components that form its definition. Conscious of the need for clarity and consistency, this article presents the findings from in-depth interviews with a sample of 10 incarcerated, adult, male burglars and 10 Designing Out Crime Officers in England and Wales. The method was exploratory and inductive, with participants being encouraged to express their perceptions of housing design features and the association of these features with burglary risk. The findings reveal key similarities between the users and abusers of CPTED and confirm (and elevate) the significance of features such as surveillance. However, other features of design traditionally considered as critical to burglary risk are afforded less importance—raising questions regarding terminology, weighting and redefinition.
Homecare and Healthcare Utilization Errors Post–Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge
Authors: Patel Rupalee , Nudelman Matthew , Olarewaju Adebola , Pooley Sunshine Weiss , Jegatheesan Priya , Song Dongli , Govindaswami Balaji 
Published: March 2017

Background:
High-risk infants transitioning from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to home represent a vulnerable population, given their complex care requirements. Little is known about errors during this period.

Purpose:
Identify and describe homecare and healthcare utilization errors in high-risk infants following NICU discharge.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational cohort study of homecare (feeding, medication, and equipment) and healthcare utilization (appointment) errors in infants discharged from a regional NICU between 2011 and 2015. Chi-square test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to compare infant and maternal demographics between infants with and without errors.

Results:
A total of 363 errors were identified in 241 infants during 635 home visits. The median number of visits was 2. No significance was found between infant and maternal demographics in those with or without errors.

Implications of Practice:
High-risk infants have complex care needs and can benefit from regular follow-up services. Home visits provide an opportunity to identify, intervene, and resolve homecare and healthcare utilization errors.

Implications of Research:
Further research is needed to evaluate the prevalence and cause of homecare errors in high-risk infants and how healthcare resources and infant health outcomes are affected by those errors. Preventive measures and mitigating interventions that best address homecare errors require further development and subsequent description.
Dietary Supplementation With Nonfermentable Fiber Alters the Gut Microbiota and Confers Protection in Murine Models of Sepsis
Authors: Morowitz Michael J. , Di Caro Valentina , Pang Diana , Cummings Jessica , Firek Brian , Rogers Matthew B. , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , Clark Robert S. B. , Aneja Rajesh K. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives:
Links between microbial alterations and systemic inflammation have been demonstrated in chronic disease, but little is known about these interactions during acute inflammation. This study investigates the effect of dietary supplementation with cellulose, a nonfermentable fiber, on the gut microbiota, inflammatory markers, and survival in two murine models of sepsis.

Design:
Prospective experimental study.

Setting:
University laboratory.
Subjects: Six-week-old male C57BL/6 wild-type mice.

Interventions:
Mice were assigned to low-fiber, normal-fiber, or high-fiber diets with or without antibiotics for 2 weeks and then subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture or endotoxin injection. Fecal samples were collected for microbiota analyses before and after dietary interventions.

Measurements and Main Results:
Mice that received a high-fiber diet demonstrated increased survival after cecal ligation and puncture relative to mice receiving low-fiber or normal-fiber diets. The survival benefit was associated with decreased serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced neutrophil infiltration in the lungs, and diminished hepatic inflammation. The high-fiber diet also increased survival after endotoxin injection. Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from each sample were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. Fiber supplementation yielded an increase in relative abundance of the genera Akkermansia and Lachnospiraceae, taxa commonly associated with metabolic health. Administration of antibiotics to mice on the high-fiber diet negated the enrichment of Akkermansia species and the survival benefit after cecal ligation and puncture.

Conclusion:
Dietary supplementation with cellulose offers a microbe-mediated survival advantage in murine models of sepsis. Improved understanding of the link between diet, the microbiota, and systemic illness may yield new therapeutic strategies for patients with sepsis.
Application of a Framework to Implement Trauma-Informed Care Throughout a Pediatric Health Care Network
Authors: Weiss Danielle , Kassam-Adams Nancy , Murray Carol , Kohser Kristen L. , Fein Joel A. , Winston Flaura K. , Marsac Meghan L. 
Published: March 2017

Introduction:
To evaluate the initial application of a recently published three-step framework for implementing trauma-informed care (TIC) in a pediatric health care network by applying Framework for Spread.

Methods:
In steps 1 and 2 of the framework, we established commitment from the health care network leadership and initial interest in TIC among clinical providers (step 1), set evidence-based training goals and created the associated TIC training content (step 2). In step 3, 440 health care professionals (from 27 health care teams) participated in single-session, 1-hour training that covered the psychological impact of injury- and illness-related trauma, identification of traumatic stress symptoms, and how to respond to children exposed to potentially traumatic events. A concomitant quality improvement project allowed us to assess potential changes in training participants' favorable attitudes toward the integration of TIC and confidence in delivering TIC.

Results:
Compared with pretraining, participants demonstrated increases in attitude toward TIC, t(293) = 5.8, P < .001, Cohen's d = 0.32, and confidence in delivering TIC, t(293) = 20.9, P < .001, Cohen's d = 1.09.

Discussion:
Trainings were effective in achieving proximal goals targeting attitudes and confidence, thereby demonstrating the feasibility and clinical relevance of TIC training when implemented according to the three-step framework. Future research should examine methods of training to reach wide audiences to promote systematic change and evaluate changes in patient outcomes associated with providers' implementation of TIC.
The Aesthetic Items Scale: A Tool for the Evaluation of Aesthetic Outcome after Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Dikmans Rieky E.G. , Nene Lauren E.H. , Bouman Mark-Bram , de Vet Henrica C.W. , Mureau Marc A.M. , Buncamper Marlon E. , Winters Hay A.H. , Ritt Marco J.P.F. , Mullender Margriet G. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Valid tools to assess aesthetic outcomes after breast reconstructive surgery are scarce. Previously a professional aesthetic assessment scale was introduced, the Aesthetic Items Scale (AIS). We aim to determine if this method is a valid and reliable tool to assess aesthetic outcome after breast reconstructive surgery.

Methods:
The study population was consenting women who underwent prophylactic mastectomy with subsequent implant-based breast reconstruction. The aesthetic outcome with regard to breast volume, shape, symmetry, scars, and nipple areola complex was rated on a 5-point scale using standardized photographs to give a summed total score. Photographs were evaluated by the patient, 5 plastic surgeons, and 3 mammography nurses. An overall rating of aesthetic outcome on a 1–10 scale was given separately. We determined the intraclass correlation coefficient and assessed interobserver agreement. To assess validity, we calculated the correlation between total score and overall rating of aesthetic outcome.

Results:
Interobserver reliability was highest between plastic surgeons for the subitem and overall scores and ranged between 0.56 and 0.82. The summed score of the AIS correlates strongly with the overall rating in professionals but not in patients.

Conclusions:
The AIS is a valid and reliable method for evaluating aesthetic outcome of breast reconstruction by plastic surgeons. The results indicate that patients judge aesthetic outcome differently, taking into account factors that are not represented in the AIS. Professionals can use this method to evaluate surgical results, but other measurements are needed to map satisfaction of the patient with her breasts.
Follistatin and the Breast Implant Capsule
Authors: Frenkiel Brett A. , Temple-Smith Peter , de Kretser David , Southwick Graeme J. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Breast capsular contracture remains an elusive problem faced by plastic surgeons and is the leading long-term complication after breast implantation. Follistatin (Fst) is a protein with known anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties and has the potential to limit the severity of diseases associated with inflammation and fibrosis such as capsular contracture. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Fst288 on capsular fibrosis around silicone implants in a mouse model.

Methods:
BALB/c mice were implanted subcutaneously with untreated silicone implants (baseline control). In the experimental group, immediately after silicone implant insertion, the implant pocket received either a single injection of 1 µg Fst288 or normal saline (internal control). The animals were killed at 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, and 90 days after surgery, and serum, implants, and the surrounding tissue were removed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses.

Results:
Fst288 treatment resulted in significant decreases in capsule thickness at 28 days (P < 0.05) and 3 months (P < 0.001), decreased collagen production at 14 days (P < 0.05) and 3 months (P < 0.01), decreased angiogenesis at 3 months (P < 0.001), decreased α-smooth muscle actin levels at 3 months (P < 0.05), and a decrease in the number of CD45+ cells at days 5 (P < 0.05) and 7 (P < 0.01), respectively, when compared with control implants.

Conclusions:
A single injection of Fst288 at the time of silicone implant insertion into the mice results in a significant reduction in pericapsular inflammation and capsular fibrosis.
Neurobiology of Comorbid Substance Use Disorders and Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Kuppili Pooja Patnaik , Gupta Rishab 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
“Dual disorder” or “dual diagnosis” refers to the co-occurrence of substance use disorder and psychiatric disorders. Prospective studies have shown that treatment outcomes, such as symptom levels, hospitalization rates, housing stability, and functional status, are worse among the patients with dual disorders as compared with those who have either of these disorders.

Objectives
The current article is aimed at reviewing the current state of evidence on neurobiology of dual disorders. Given the high prevalence of co-occurrence of substance use disorder and psychiatric disorders, it is important to explore the various facets of this association. The current review assimilates the information on neurobiological research on dual disorders and helps the readers gain insights into the current understanding on this theme.

Methods
The electronic database of PubMed was searched for relevant publications.

Results
The studies included in the review belonged to various domains of neurobiology including neuropathology, structural neuroimaging, functional neuroimaging, genetics, neurochemicals/neuroreceptors, and neuroendocrinology. Forty studies were included in the review.

Conclusions
Most of the issues related to the neurobiology of dual disorders remain inadequately studied. However, the current evidence suggests that the individuals with co-occurring disorders are likely to differ from those with either substance use disorders or psychiatric disorders alone on various neurobiological aspects. Hence, it is imperative to systematically study the various neurobiological aspects of dual disorders in the future.
Psychometric Properties of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence in a Sample of Mexican Smokers
Authors: Moreno-Coutiño Ana , Villalobos-Gallegos Luis 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Introduction
The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a widely used six-item questionnaire, often used as a measure of physical dependence on nicotine, although evidence of its validity in Spanish-language studies is scarce.

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of FTND in Spanish speakers.

Method
We recruited 136 regular adult smokers to answer the FTND. We assessed the internal consistency of the FTND with a Cronbach’s alpha and convergent and divergent validity with the Pearson product–moment coefficient between variables of external criteria, both measure and nonmeasure related; the FTND items, and the total score. We performed a binary logistic regression model to determine predictive validity of the questionnaire, using the FTND total scores as an independent variable and cessation as the outcome. We performed a confirmatory factor analysis to assess the robustness of a single-factor model.

Results
The internal consistency had a lower coefficient than current standards. The FTND was unable to predict cessation at any assessed time point. The FTND total score showed significant correlation with exhaled carbon monoxide, urinary cotinine, and self-report of cigarettes smoked per day. However, Items 5 (smoke in the first hours) and 6 (smoke if ill) failed to obtain a significant correlation with biological biomarkers.

Discussion
Although the FTND showed an adequate construct validity, the results suggest that its convergent and predictive validity is limited; therefore, it might not be suitable for the Mexican population. More studies in other populations are needed to establish the generalizability of these findings.
Providing Tobacco Treatment in a Community Mental Health Setting
Authors: Okoli Chizimuzo T. C. , Mason Dia A. , Brumley-Shelton Angela , Robertson Heather 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objective
Individuals with mental illnesses (MIs) are disproportionately affected by tobacco-related disease burden because of higher tobacco use prevalence and poor tobacco treatment outcomes. This pilot study examines the outcomes of delivering an evidence-based tobacco treatment program (the Cooper–Clayton program) in a community mental health setting.

Design
A prospective nonequivalent group design was used to assess outcomes.

Sample
This study included 47 participants, of which 19 were in a community mental health setting and 28 were from two non-mental-health settings.

Measurements
Information on sociodemographic (gender, age, educational level, and current life stressors) and medical, MI, substance use, and tobacco use and cessation histories were obtained. Program completion and smoking cessation at the end of treatment (verified with expired carbon monoxide monitoring) were assessed.

Intervention
The program consists of combining behavioral counseling with nicotine replacement therapy for 12 weeks.

Results
Participants from the mental health setting were significantly less educated, had greater medical comorbidities, had greater psychiatric and mental health histories, and had greater perceived secondhand tobacco smoke exposure as compared with those from the non-mental-health settings. Thirty-two percent of the participants (6/19) completed the program in the mental health site as compared with 68% (19/28) from the non-mental-health site. None of those from the mental health site achieved cessation as compared with 68% of those from non-mental-health sites.

Conclusions
The differential outcomes of evidence-based tobacco treatment programs in non-mental-health versus mental health settings may suggest the need to modify existing tobacco treatment approaches for those with MIs in community settings.
The prevalence of viral agents in esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett’s esophagus: a systematic review
Authors: Kunzmann Andrew T. , Graham Suzanne , McShane Charlene M. , Doyle James , Tommasino Massimo , Johnston Brian , Jamison Jackie , James Jacqueline A. , McManus Damian , Anderson Lesley A. 
Published: March 2017

Background and aims
Human papilloma virus (HPV), which may reach the esophagus through orogenital transmission, has been postulated to be associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). A systematic review of the literature investigating the prevalence of infectious agents in EAC and Barrett’s esophagus (BE) was carried out.

Methods
Using terms for viruses and EAC, the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published, in any language, until June 2016 that assessed the prevalence of viral agents in EAC or BE. Random-effects meta-analyses of proportions were carried out to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of infections in EAC and BE.

Results
A total of 30 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of HPV in EAC tumor samples was 13% (n=19 studies, 95% CI: 2–29%) and 26% (n=6 studies, 95% CI: 3–59%) in BE samples. HPV prevalence was higher in EAC tissue than in esophageal tissue from healthy controls (n=5 studies, pooled odds ratio=3.31, 95% CI: 1.15–9.50). The prevalence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in EAC was 6% (n=5, 95% CI: 0–27%). Few studies have assessed other infectious agents. For each of the analyses, considerable between-study variation was observed (I
2=84–96%); however, sensitivity analyses did not show any major sources of heterogeneity.

Conclusion
The prevalence of HPV and EBV in EAC is low compared with other viral-associated cancers, but may have been hampered by small sample sizes and detection methods susceptible to fixation processes. Additional research with adequate sample sizes and high-quality detection methods is required.