bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy compared with microendoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniation: 1-year results of an ongoing randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Zihao , Zhang Liangming , Dong Jianwen , Xie Peigen , Liu Bin , Wang Qiyou , Chen Ruiqiang , Feng Feng , Yang Bu , Shu Tao , Li Shangfu , Yang Yang , He Lei , Pang Mao , Rong Limin 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVEA prospective randomized controlled study was conducted to clarify whether percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) results in better clinical outcomes and less surgical trauma than microendoscopic discectomy (MED).METHODSIn this single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial, patients were included if they had persistent signs and symptoms of radiculopathy with corresponding imaging-confirmed lumbar disc herniation. Patients were randomly allocated to the PTED or the MED group by computer-generated randomization codes. The primary outcome was the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score 1 year after surgery. Secondary outcomes included scores of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey bodily pain and physical function scales, EuroQol Group’s EQ-5D , and the visual analog scales for back pain and leg pain. Data including duration of operation, in-bed time, length of hospital stay, surgical cost and total hospital cost, complications, and reoperations were recorded.RESULTSA total of 153 participants were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups (PTED vs MED), and 89.5% (137 patients) completed 1 year of follow-up. Primary and secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between the treatment groups at each prespecified follow-up point (p > 0.05). For PTED, there was less postoperative improvement in ODI score in the median herniation subgroup at 1 week (p = 0.027), 3 months (p = 0.013), 6 months (p = 0.027), and 1 year (p = 0.028) compared with the paramedian subgroup. For MED, there was significantly less improvement in ODI score at 3 months (p = 0.008), 6 months (p = 0.028), and 1 year (p = 0.028) in the far-lateral herniation subgroup compared with the paramedian subgroup. The total complication rate over the course of 1 year was 13.75% in the PTED group and 16.44% in the MED group (p = 0.642). Five patients (6.25%) in the PTED group and 3 patients (4.11%) in the MED group suffered from residue/recurrence of herniation, for which reoperation was required.CONCLUSIONSOver the 1-year follow-up period, PTED did not show superior clinical outcomes and did not seem to be a safer procedure for patients with lumbar disc herniation compared with MED. PTED had inferior results for median disc herniation, whereas MED did not seem to be the best treatment option for far-lateral disc herniation.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01997086 (clinicaltrials.gov).
Validation of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) computerized adaptive tests in cervical spine surgery
Authors: Boody Barrett S. , Bhatt Surabhi , Mazmudar Aditya S. , Hsu Wellington K. , Rothrock Nan E. , Patel Alpesh A. 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVEThe Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), which is funded by the National Institutes of Health, is a set of adaptive, responsive assessment tools that measures patient-reported health status. PROMIS measures have not been validated for surgical patients with cervical spine disorders. The objective of this project is to evaluate the validity (e.g., convergent validity, known-groups validity, responsiveness to change) of PROMIS computer adaptive tests (CATs) for pain behavior, pain interference, and physical function in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery.METHODSThe legacy outcome measures Neck Disability Index (NDI) and SF-12 were used as comparisons with PROMIS measures. PROMIS CATs, NDI-10, and SF-12 measures were administered prospectively to 59 consecutive tertiary hospital patients who were treated surgically for degenerative cervical spine disorders. A subscore of NDI-5 was calculated from NDI-10 by eliminating the lifting, headaches, pain intensity, reading, and driving sections and multiplying the final score by 4. Assessments were administered preoperatively (baseline) and postoperatively at 6 weeks and 3 months. Patients presenting for revision surgery, tumor, infection, or trauma were excluded. Participants completed the measures in Assessment Center, an online data collection tool accessed by using a secure login and password on a tablet computer. Subgroup analysis was also performed based on a primary diagnosis of either cervical radiculopathy or cervical myelopathy.RESULTSConvergent validity for PROMIS CATs was supported with multiple statistically significant correlations with the existing legacy measures, NDI and SF-12, at baseline. Furthermore, PROMIS CATs demonstrated known-group validity and identified clinically significant improvements in all measures after surgical intervention. In the cervical radiculopathy and myelopathic cohorts, the PROMIS measures demonstrated similar responsiveness to the SF-12 and NDI scores in the patients who self-identified as having postoperative clinical improvement. PROMIS CATs required a mean total of 3.2 minutes for PROMIS pain behavior (mean ± SD 0.9 ± 0.5 minutes), pain interference (1.2 ± 1.9 minutes), and physical function (1.1 ± 1.4 minutes) and compared favorably with 3.4 minutes for NDI and 4.1 minutes for SF-12.CONCLUSIONSThis study verifies that PROMIS CATs demonstrate convergent and known-groups validity and comparable responsiveness to change as existing legacy measures. The PROMIS measures required less time for completion than legacy measures. The validity and efficiency of the PROMIS measures in surgical patients with cervical spine disorders suggest an improvement over legacy measures and an opportunity for incorporation into clinical practice.
Improving Conservation Outcomes: Understanding Scientific, Historical and Cultural Dimensions of the Illicit Trade in Rhinoceros Horn
Authors: Bending Zara Jean 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article aims to illuminate the pervasive allure of the rhinoceros to better comprehend the historical and cultural drivers for the illicit global trade in its most coveted part: rhinoceros horn. The market for rhino horn remains dominated by customary and cultural purposes, most notably in traditional medicine. Developing conservation strategies and responding to the criminological implications of the market requires cross-cultural understanding, drawing upon multidisciplinary sources from evolutionary biology, species ecology, cultural anthropology, biomedicine, biomaterial engineering as well as ancient and modern history. Analysis will be carried out in three parts: (1) a synopsis of evolution and ecology; (2) an examination of the cultural significance of the rhinoceros as informed by historical and contemporary sources; and (3) an investigation into the morphology and established uses of rhinoceros horn. This analysis demonstrates the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to developing optimal conservation strategies addressing the multifaceted problem of illicit trade in wildlife.
Industry and Forests: Alternative Raw Materials in the Soviet Forestry Industry from the mid-1950s to the 1960s
Authors: Kochetkova Elena 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article examines the history of using wood and timber waste and annual plants in the Soviet Union from the 1950s to the1960s. In the middle of the twentieth century, Soviet leadership, producers and scientists expressed their anxiety about the lack of forests near pulp and paper plants, and started looking for alternative raw materials. Modernisation during the same period witnessed a number of initiatives to use different sources for pulp production, ranging from wood and timber waste to reed and annual plants. It included attempts to develop low-waste and non-waste industrial technologies. In most cases, however, this search did not transform the supply of raw materials. Instead, most factories continued manufacturing pulp and pulp-based products using wood, and thus kept cutting and exploring undisturbed forests, in particular those in Siberia. In this article, I investigate the attempted use of alternative resources in industrial operations and examine why employing these materials was not successful in the Soviet Union in the 1950s-1960s. I am interested in the organisational and technological aspects of how forestry developed and used resources in the Soviet Union. I illustrate how technologies circulated not only within the country, but also between the USSR and Western countries. The article contends that new practices did not change wasteful wood-use practices, in large part because the industry continued to contend with infrastructural and organisational obstacles while attempting to introduce alternative resources.
Disentangling the Galactic Halo with APOGEE. I. Chemical and Kinematical Investigation of Distinct Metal-poor Populations
Authors: Hayes Christian R. , Majewski Steven R. , Shetrone Matthew , Fernández-Alvar Emma , Prieto Carlos Allende , Schuster William J. , Carigi Leticia , Cunha Katia , Smith Verne V. , Sobeck Jennifer , Almeida Andres , Beers Timothy C. , Carrera Ricardo , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , García-Hernández D. A. , Geisler Doug , Lane Richard R. , Lucatello Sara , Matthews Allison M. , Minniti Dante , Nitschelm Christian , Tang Baitian , Tissera Patricia B. , Zamora Olga 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We find two chemically distinct populations separated relatively cleanly in the [Fe/H]–[Mg/Fe] plane, but also distinguished in other chemical planes, among metal-poor stars (primarily with metallicities

) observed by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) and analyzed for Data Release 13 (DR13) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. These two stellar populations show the most significant differences in their [X/Fe] ratios for the α-elements, C+N, Al, and Ni. In addition to these populations having differing chemistry, the low metallicity high-Mg population (which we denote “the HMg population”) exhibits a significant net Galactic rotation, whereas the low-Mg population (or “the LMg population”) has halo-like kinematics with little to no net rotation. Based on its properties, the origin of the LMg population is likely an accreted population of stars. The HMg population shows chemistry (and to an extent kinematics) similar to the thick disk, and is likely associated with in situ formation. The distinction between the LMg and HMg populations mimics the differences between the populations of low- and high-α halo stars found in previous studies, suggesting that these are samples of the same two populations.
Solar Coronal Lines in the Visible and Infrared: A Rough Guide
Authors: Del Zanna Giulio , DeLuca Edward E. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We review the coronal visible and infrared lines, collecting previous observations and comparing, whenever available, observed radiances to those predicted by various models: the quiet Sun (QS), a moderately active Sun, and an active region as observed near the limb, around 1.1 R
⊙. We also model the off-limb radiances for the QS case. We used the most up-to-date atomic data in CHIANTI version 8. The comparison is satisfactory, in that all of the strong visible lines now have a firm identification. We revise several previous identifications and suggest some new ones. We also list the large number of observed lines for which we do not currently have atomic data, and therefore still await firm identifications. We also show that a significant number of coronal lines should be observable in the near-infrared region of the spectrum by the upcoming Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) and the AIR-Spec instrument, which observed the corona during the 2017 August 21 solar eclipse. We also briefly discuss the many potential spectroscopic diagnostics available to the visible and infrared, with particular emphasis on measurements of electron densities and chemical abundances. We briefly point out some of the potential diagnostics that could be available with the future infrared instrumentation that is being built for DKIST and planned for the Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory. Finally, we highlight the need for further improvements in the atomic data.
Steeper Stellar Cusps in Galactic Centers from Binary Disruption
Authors: Fragione Giacomo , Sari Re’em 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The relaxed distribution of stars around a massive black hole is known to follow a cusp profile,

, with a characteristic slope

. This follows from energy conservation and a scattering rate given by two-body encounters. However, we show that the injection of stars close to the black hole, i.e., a source term in the standard cusp picture, modifies this profile. In the steady-state configuration, the cusp develops a central region with a typical slope

in which stars diffuse outward. Binary disruption by the intense tidal field of the massive black hole is among the phenomena that take place in the Galactic Center (GC). In such a disruption, one of the binary members remains bound to the black hole, thus providing a source term of stars close to the black hole. Assuming a binary fraction of 0.1 and an orbital circularization efficiency of 0.35, we show that this source is strong enough to modify the cusp profile within

pc of the GC. If the binary fraction at the influence radius is of order unity and the orbits of all captured stars are efficiently circularized, the steeper cusp extends almost as far as the radius of influence of the black hole.
D’une articulation bénéfique entre l’hébergement et l’ambulatoire
Authors: Defossez Philippe 
Published: January 2018

Les institutions de placement se heurtent, de par leurs missions et de par le contexte sociétal, aux mêmes limites. La première partie de cet article décrit quelques-unes de ces dérives : les placements « évitables », les délais et les critères d’admission, l’ambivalence familiale source de rivalité, le stress d’un retour en famille, les renvois, le manque de suivi des jeunes majeurs. La deuxième partie de l’article tente de montrer en quoi la mise en place d’un accompagnement ambulatoire avant et après un placement peut diminuer certains de ces impacts négatifs. Cet article plaide pour l’arrêt d’une politique de séparation des structures d’hébergement et des services ambulatoires.
Early springtime water absorption by overwintering eggs of Mindarus abietinus (Hemiptera: Aphididae): possible implications for cold hardiness and diapause termination
Authors: Doherty Jean-François , Guay Jean-Frédéric , Cloutier Conrad 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEggs of the balsam twig aphid Mindarus abietinus Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) overwinter for several months in obligate diapause, which terminates in early springtime when embryogenesis of the stem mother supposedly resumes. Important shape and size changes were observed on eggs collected at regular intervals during late winter and early spring. These observations led to the visual classification of eggs into three shape categories: flat eggs (C1), semi-flat eggs (C2), and round and turgid eggs (C3). Egg mass significantly increased with time during late winter and early spring, which coincided with the noticeable changes in morphological composition (i.e., from C2 to C3). Our observations suggest that free water surrounding eggs on fir (Abies balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller; Pinaceae) shoots is essential for M. abietinus normal embryonic development during snowmelt. Also, reduced egg water content during winter could modify its supercooling point, and the renewed availability of water in springtime may signal diapause termination and/or initiate embryogenesis of the stem mother.
Abundance and stability of populations of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) infesting two species of woodpeckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae)
Authors: Lamb Robert J. , Galloway Terry D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe annual abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) was recorded from 1996 to 2015 in Manitoba, Canada, on two species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae). Yellow-bellied sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus)) were infested with Menacanthus pici (Denny) (Amblycera: Menoponidae) and Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae); northern flickers (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus)) were also infested with M. pici, as well as two other Ischnocera, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) and Picicola porisma Dalgleish. The mean annual abundance varied from nine to 51 lice per bird for the four species, with prevalence, mean intensity, sex ratio, and nymphs per female also varying among louse species. Menacanthus pici populations on both hosts were unstable: abundance rose over two decades because of increasing prevalence, whereas the abundance of the other three louse species fluctuated around a mean. Population variability was similar for the lice on both hosts, with the metric, PV, ranging from 0.41 to 0.51 on a 0–1 scale, once the effect of the trend in abundance for M. pici had been removed. Although the population dynamics for species of lice on these two woodpeckers were distinct, inter-specific differences in population stability were less pronounced than observed in the few other species of bird lice studied in this way.
PINX1 and TERT Are Required for TNF-α–Induced Airway Smooth Muscle Chemokine Gene Expression
Authors: Deacon Karl , Knox Alan J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells contribute to asthmatic lung pathology with chemokine hypersecretion and increased ASM cell mass. With little recent progress in the development of asthma therapies, a greater understanding of lung inflammation mechanisms has become a priority. Chemokine gene expression in ASM cells is dependent upon NF-κB transcription factor activity. The telomerase/shelterin complex maintains chromosomal telomere ends during cell division. Telomerase is a possible cofactor for NF-κB activity, but its role in NF-κB activity in airway tissue inflammation is not known. In this study, we sought to address two key questions: whether telomerase is involved in inflammation in ASM cells, and whether components of the shelterin complex are also required for an inflammatory response in ASM cells. Telomerase inhibitors and telomerase small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced TNF-α–induced chemokine expression in ASM cells. Telomerase siRNA and inhibitors reduced NF-κB activity. An siRNA screen of shelterin components identified a requirement for PIN2/TERF1 interacting-telomerase inhibitor 1 (PINX1) in chemokine gene expression. High-level PINX1 overexpression reduced NF-κB reporter activity, but low-level expression amplified NF-κB activity. Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed association of PINX1 and p65. Overexpression of the N terminus (2–252 aa) of PINX1, but not the C-terminal telomerase-inhibitor domain (253–328 aa), amplified TNF-α–induced NF-κB activity. GST pull-downs demonstrated that the N terminus of PINX1 bound more p65 than the C-terminal telomerase-inhibitor domain; these observations were confirmed in whole cells with N-terminal and C-terminal PINX1 immunoprecipitation. We conclude that telomerase and PINX1 are required for chemokine expression in ASM cells and represent significant new targets for future anti-inflammatory therapies for lung diseases, such as asthma.
Substitution du ciment CPA par la poudre de verre dans les mortiers à hautes performances
Authors: Arab Bahia , Mehaddene Rachid , Bouchnab Yacine 
Published: January 2018

Low ratios water/binder reduce the permeability of the concrete. Moreover, the additions of ends contribute to the improvement of the compactness by their effect on the granular filling. In this research we evaluated the effect of finely crushed glass powder as a cementitious addition (Krati and Kansal, 2016), (Zeghichi et al., 2012) on the physico-mechanical properties of cement-based mortars without addition CEM I (CPA). The cement CPA was substituted by glass powder (GP) with the percentages of 10% and 20% by fixing once the ratio W/C (Water / Cement) and then the ratio W/B (Water / Binder) equal to 0.35, the set of results was compared with the reference mortar without GP. The results obtained show a beneficial behavior of the glass powder on the mechanical characteristics and the durability of the various mortars studied.
Les faibles rapports eau/liant conduisent à diminuer la perméabilité du béton et les ajouts de fines telles que la fumée de silice, l’argile, les laitiers et les cendres contribuent ainsi à l’amélioration de la compacité par leur effet de remplissage granulaire. Dans cette recherche nous avons évalué l’effet de la poudre de verre broyée finement comme ajout cimentaire (Krati et Kansal, 2016), (Zeghichi et al., 2012) sur les propriétés physico-mécaniques des mortiers à base de ciment sans ajout CEM I (CPA). Le ciment CPA a été substitué par de la poudre (PV) avec les pourcentages de 10 % et 20 % en fixant une fois le rapport E/C (Eau/Ciment) et ensuite le rapport E/L (Eau/Liant) égal à 0,35, l’ensemble des résultats a été comparé avec le mortier de référence sans PV. Les résultats obtenus montrent un comportement bénéfique de la poudre de verre sur les caractéristiques mécaniques et la durabilité des différents mortiers étudiés.
Le recyclage est-il l’unique solution pour une gestion durable des DEEE ? Étude de l’incidence du contexte réglementaire et des politiques publiques sur les filières développées en France
Authors: El Bouchtioui Lamia 
Published: January 2018

20 to 50 million tons of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in the world are produced, which could lead risks for the public health and the environment (CNIID and les Amis de la Terre, 2010). One of the peculiarities of the WEEE is their composition at the same time of toxic products and valuable products, in particular precious metals and rare earth. The WEEE requires a particular treatment to avoid the burying. The recycling is a key lever to limit the production of WEEE in the world. It allows the sustainable re-use of present materials in quantity limited on Earth (Grosse, 2010). It has for advantage the capacity to move back of a few years the risk of the end of natural resources, but cannot stop it. It remains necessary to develop other ways in parallel to slow down this problem. The prevention remains a priority for the policy concerning waste. The re-use is a fundamental lever to limit the impacts of the WEEE and the consumption of natural resources. However, in practice the recycling seems to prevail in France and goes away from other recommendations regarding prevention.
20 à 50 millions de tonnes de déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE) sont produits chaque année dans le monde, ce qui pourrait induire des risques pour la santé publique et l’environnement (CNIID et les Amis de la Terre, 2010). L’une des particularités des DEEE tient à leur composition à la fois de produits toxiques et de produits de valeur, notamment des métaux précieux et des terres rares. Aussi les DEEE requièrent un traitement particulier afin d’éviter l’enfouissement. Le recyclage est un levier clé pour valoriser certains constituants des DEEE. Il permet la réutilisation durable de matières présentes en quantité limitée sur Terre et retarde ainsi l’épuisement de ces ressources naturelles (Grosse, 2010). Cependant cette approche ne concerne qu’une partie des constituants des DEEE, et il est donc nécessaire de développer d’autres moyens en parallèle pour toucher une part plus grande des flux de matière considérés. La prévention demeure une priorité pour la politique en matière de déchets. Le réemploi et la réutilisation sont également des leviers permettant de réduire les impacts des DEEE et la consommation des ressources naturelles. Toutefois, le recyclage semble, en pratique, prédominer en France au détriment des autres approches qui pourraient le compléter efficacement.