bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The protective role of isorhamnetin on human brain microvascular endothelial cells from cytotoxicity induced by methylglyoxal and oxygen–glucose deprivation
Authors: Li Wenlu , Chen Zhigang , Yan Min , He Ping , Chen Zhong , Dai Haibin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAs the first target of stroke, cerebral endothelial cells play a key role in brain vascular repair and maintenance, and their function is impeded in diabetes. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive dicarbonyl produced during glucose metabolism, accumulates in diabetic patients. MGO and MGO‐induced advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) could ameliorate stroke‐induced brain vascular damage, closely related with ECs dysfunction. Using MGO plus oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) to mimic diabetic stroke, we reported the protective effect of isorhamnetin on OGD‐induced cytotoxicity after MGO treatment on primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) and explored the underlying mechanisms. Treatment of MGO for 24 h significantly enhanced 3‐h OGD‐induced HBMEC toxic effect, which was inhibited by pretreatment of isorhamnetin (100 μmol/L). Moreover, the protective effect of isorhamnetin is multiple function dependent, which includes anti‐inflammation, anti‐oxidative stress and anti‐apoptosis effects. Besides its well‐known inhibition on the mitochondria‐dependent or intrinsic apoptotic pathway, isorhamnetin also reduced activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, as characterized by the decreased expression and activity of caspase 3 and caspase 8. Furthermore, pretreatment with isorhamnetin specifically inhibited FAS/FASL expression and suppressed nuclear factor‐kappa B nuclear translocation. Taken together, our results indicated that isorhamnetin protected against OGD‐induced cytotoxicity after MGO treatment in cultured HBMEC due to its multiple protective effects and could inhibit Fas‐mediated extrinsic apoptosis. Therefore, isorhamnetin is a promising reagent for the treatment of hyperglycemia and ischemia‐induced cerebral vascular degeneration.
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A proposed model of the potential protective mechanism of isorhamnetin, a metabolite of quercetin, on methylglyoxal (MGO) treatment plus oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) exposure‐induced cytotoxicity in cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Isorhamnetin inhibits FasL‐mediated extrinsic apoptosis and neurotrophic factor κB (NF‐κB) nuclear translocation, which can induce the cell DNA damage. Therefore, the protective effect of isorhamnetin occurs through multiple functions, including anti‐inflammation, anti‐oxidative stress and anti‐apoptosis. Therefore, isorhamnetin is a promising reagent for the treatment of hyperglycemia and ischemia‐induced cerebral vascular degeneration.
Early inflammation–associated factors blunt sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins‐1‐mediated lipogenesis in high‐fat diet‐fed APPSWE/PSEN1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tang Ying , Peng Yunhua , Liu Jing , Shi Le , Wang Yongyao , Long Jiangang , Liu Jiankang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) patients have an increased incidence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Since AD is considered a multifactorial disease that affects both the central nerves system and periphery and the dysregulation of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism play critical roles in T2D, we, therefore, aim to explore the influence of AD genotype on the liver during the progress of high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced T2D. Fourteen‐week‐old female APPSWE/PSEN1dE9 (AD) mice and age‐, gender‐matched wild‐type controls C57BL/6J (WT) mice were fed a HFD (45% kcal fat content) or a standard chow diet (chow, 12% kcal fat content) for 22 weeks. The effects of diet and genotype were analyzed. Mouse primary hepatocytes were used to decipher the underlying mechanisms. HFD induced significantly higher body weight gain, more severe hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and hepatic insulin resistance in AD mice than in WT mice. However, AD mice showed reduced HFD‐induced hepatic steatosis, and SREBP‐1‐mediated lipogenic signaling was activated by HFD in WT mice but not in AD mice. In addition, 14‐week‐old AD mice exhibited higher expression of NF‐κB p65, p‐JNK and p‐p38MAPK, as well as higher hepatic and serum contents of IL‐6 and TNFα. In mouse primary hepatocyte cultures, IL‐6 and TNFα inhibited high‐glucose plus insulin‐induced activation of SREBP‐1‐mediated lipogenic signaling and biosynthesis of non‐esterified fatty acid and triglyceride. Early inflammation–associated factors most likely diminish HFD‐induced hepatic lipid deposition by inhibiting SREBP‐1‐mediated de novo lipogenesis, thus driving substrate flux to glucose production for hyperglycemia and hepatic insulin resistance in T2D development.image Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease affecting both central nerves system and periphery organs. Therefore, we explored the hepatic susceptibility to high‐fat diet (HFD) in AD mice. We found that AD mice were resistant to HFD‐induced hepatic fat accumulation in spite of more severe obesity, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and hepatic insulin resistance. Mechanistically, AD mice exhibited hepatic inflammation at an early stage, which inhibited sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins‐1 (SREBP‐1)‐mediated de novo lipogenesis, and most likely drive substrate flux to glucose production for hyperglycemia and hepatic insulin resistance.Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13306.
Metabolic, synaptic and behavioral impact of 5‐week chronic deep brain stimulation in hemiparkinsonian rats
Authors: Chassain Carine , Melon Christophe , Salin Pascal , Vitale Flora , Couraud Sébastien , Durif Franck , Kerkerian‐Le Goff Lydia , Gubellini Paolo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe long‐term effects and action mechanisms of subthalamic nucleus (STN) high‐frequency stimulation (HFS) for Parkinson's disease still remain poorly characterized, mainly due to the lack of experimental models relevant to clinical application. To address this issue, we performed a multilevel study in freely moving hemiparkinsonian rats undergoing 5‐week chronic STN HFS, using a portable constant‐current microstimulator. In vivo metabolic neuroimaging by 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (11.7 T) showed that STN HFS normalized the tissue levels of the neurotransmission‐related metabolites glutamate, glutamine and GABA in both the striatum and substantia nigra reticulata (SNr), which were significantly increased in hemiparkinsonian rats, but further decreased nigral GABA levels below control values; taurine levels, which were not affected in hemiparkinsonian rats, were significantly reduced. Slice electrophysiological recordings revealed that STN HFS was, uniquely among antiparkinsonian treatments, able to restore both forms of corticostriatal synaptic plasticity, i.e. long‐term depression and potentiation, which were impaired in hemiparkinsonian rats. Behavior analysis (staircase test) showed a progressive recovery of motor skill during the stimulation period. Altogether, these data show that chronic STN HFS efficiently counteracts metabolic and synaptic defects due to dopaminergic lesion in both the striatum and SNr. Comparison of chronic STN HFS with acute and subchronic treatment further suggests that the long‐term benefits of this treatment rely both on the maintenance of acute effects and on delayed actions on the basal ganglia network.
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We studied the effects of chronic (5 weeks) continuous subthalamic nucleus (STN) high‐frequency stimulation (HFS) in hemiparkinsonian rats. The levels of glutamate and GABA in the striatum () and substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) (), measured by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS), were increased by 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) lesion, which also disrupted corticostriatal synaptic plasticity () and impaired forepaw skill () in the staircase test. Five‐week STN HFS normalized glutamate and GABA levels and restored both synaptic plasticity and motor function. A partial behavioral recovery was observed at 2‐week STN HFS.
Centrality of Body and Embodiment in Nursing Care: A Scoping Study of the Italian Literature
Authors: Marchetti Anna , Piredda Michela , De Marinis Maria Grazia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeNursing has based its practical work on contact and a relationship with the patient's body and embodiment; however, the international theoretical and empirical researches on these concepts are still neglected. The purpose of this scoping study is to map the breadth and depth with which body and embodiment are addressed in the Italian nursing literature, identifying the key concepts and the main sources and types of evidence available.Organizing ConstructScoping study with qualitative content analysis. It was conducted in accordance with the framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley and following the recommendations by Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien. The qualitative content analysis process was conducted according to Elo and Kyngäs. Lincoln and Guba's technique was followed to ensure trustworthiness.MethodsSearches were conducted within seven electronic databases of peer‐reviewed literature, one electronic Italian database, six electronic database searches of grey literature, four free online nursing journals, four Internet search engines, and 10 key hard‐copy Italian nursing journals.FindingsThrough these searches, 2,536 records were identified, from which 18 were selected for the final review. Three generic categories emerged from qualitative content analysis: the conceptual category, the nursing care category, and the education category, each including eight, seven, and two subcategories, respectively.ConclusionsThe central nursing concepts of body and embodiment definitely require greater and more continuous efforts of theoretical study and empirical research within the nursing discipline, both in Italy and internationally.Clinical RelevanceA greater awareness of body and embodiment should guide nursing practice in caring for and supporting patients and also guide approaches to teaching and learning. Moreover, body and embodiment are concepts firmly rooted in nursing practice, and they are also ripe for future research and able to generate more holistic and complex ways of understanding patients.
A comparative study of the effects of retinol and retinoic acid on histological, molecular, and clinical properties of human skin
Authors: Kong Rong , Cui Yilei , Fisher Gary J. , Wang Xiaojuan , Chen Yinbei , Schneider Louise M. , Majmudar Gopa 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundAll‐trans retinol, a precursor of retinoic acid, is an effective anti‐aging treatment widely used in skin care products. In comparison, topical retinoic acid is believed to provide even greater anti‐aging effects; however, there is limited research directly comparing the effects of retinol and retinoic acid on skin.ObjectivesIn this study, we compare the effects of retinol and retinoic acid on skin structure and expression of skin function‐related genes and proteins. We also examine the effect of retinol treatment on skin appearance.MethodsSkin histology was examined by H&E staining and in vivo confocal microscopy. Expression levels of skin genes and proteins were analyzed using RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. The efficacy of a retinol formulation in improving skin appearance was assessed using digital image‐based wrinkle analysis.ResultsFour weeks of retinoic acid and retinol treatments both increased epidermal thickness, and upregulated genes for collagen type 1 (COL1A1), and collagen type 3 (COL3A1) with corresponding increases in procollagen I and procollagen III protein expression. Facial image analysis showed a significant reduction in facial wrinkles following 12 weeks of retinol application.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate that topical application of retinol significantly affects both cellular and molecular properties of the epidermis and dermis, as shown by skin biopsy and noninvasive imaging analyses. Although the magnitude tends to be smaller, retinol induces similar changes in skin histology, and gene and protein expression as compared to retinoic acid application. These results were confirmed by the significant facial anti‐aging effect observed in the retinol efficacy clinical study.
Immunoassay‐based Techniques for Early and Specific Detection of Latent Postharvest Anthracnose in Mango
Authors: Theerthagiri Anand , Govindasamy Senthilraja , Thiruvengadam Raguchander , Ramasamy Samiyappan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe postharvest anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides inciting latent or quiescent infection of mango was detected in early stages using immunoassay methods. Twenty‐five pathotypes isolated from different agroclimatic zones of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Pondicherry, India, revealed the variation in protein profile analysis (SDS‐PAGE). The polyclonal antibodies (PCA) were raised against the unfractioned mycelial protein (UMP) and a 40‐kDa polypeptide present in all pathotypes. Standardization of antigen and antiserum dilutions revealed that an antigen dilution of 1 : 200 (protein concentration of 20 μg/ml) and antiserum dilution of 1 : 100 (protein concentration of 40 μg/ml raised against UMP) and 1 : 200 (protein concentration of 20 μg/ml raised against 40 kDa polypeptide) was found to be optimum for the detection of anthracnose pathogen. Both antisera detected the C. gloeosporioides antigen in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), dot immunobinding assays (DIBAs) and Western blots. The specificity in reaction was compared by isolating other Colletotrichum spp. from various hosts viz., C. lindemuthianum (beans), C. falcatum (sugarcane), C. musae (banana), C. capsici (chillies) and Botryodiplodia theobromae (mango). The antisera generated against UMP revealed the cross‐reaction with other host isolates and mango stem end rot pathogen (B. theobromae). The PCA raised against 40‐kDa polypeptide exhibited the specific reaction with C. gloeosporioides isolates in all the immunoassay techniques. By utilizing both PCA, the presence of latent infection was observed in healthy‐looking leaves, flowers and fruits in orchard conditions. The fruit tissues recorded high absorbance values followed by flowers and leaves in all the detection methods. The ELISA technique was also useful in assessing the pathogen inoculum at various biocontrol formulations sprayed mango trees under field conditions. The fluorescent pseudomonad strains mixture (KFP1 + FP7) amended with chitin sprayed at 30‐day intervals revealed the significant reduction in pathogen load than other formulations and unsprayed control.
Latent developmental and evolutionary shapes embedded within the grapevine leaf
Authors: Chitwood Daniel H. , Klein Laura L. , O'Hanlon Regan , Chacko Steven , Greg Matthew , Kitchen Cassandra , Miller Allison J. , Londo Jason P. 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Across plants, leaves exhibit profound diversity in shape. As a single leaf expands, its shape is in constant flux. Plants may also produce leaves with different shapes at successive nodes. In addition, leaf shape varies among individuals, populations and species as a result of evolutionary processes and environmental influences.

Because leaf shape can vary in many different ways, theoretically, the effects of distinct developmental and evolutionary processes are separable, even within the shape of a single leaf. Here, we measured the shapes of > 3200 leaves representing > 270 vines from wild relatives of domesticated grape (Vitis spp.) to determine whether leaf shapes attributable to genetics and development are separable from each other.

We isolated latent shapes (multivariate signatures that vary independently from each other) embedded within the overall shape of leaves. These latent shapes can predict developmental stages independent from species identity and vice versa. Shapes predictive of development were then used to stage leaves from 1200 varieties of domesticated grape (Vitis vinifera), revealing that changes in timing underlie leaf shape diversity.

Our results indicate that distinct latent shapes combine to produce a composite morphology in leaves, and that developmental and evolutionary contributions to shape vary independently from each other.
Secretory component mediates Candida albicans binding to epithelial cells
Authors: van der Wielen PA , Holmes AR , Cannon RD 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesCandida albicans attaches to oral surfaces via a number of mechanisms including adherence mediated by salivary components adsorbed to the C. albicans cell surface. Our goal was to identify the salivary molecules involved.Materials and MethodsBiotinylated salivary polypeptides that were bound by C. albicans were detected in extracts from washed, saliva‐treated yeast cells by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electroblot or immunoblot transfer analysis and purified by electroelution. Purified material was tested for the ability to promote the adherence of radiolabelled C. albicans yeast cells to cultured epithelial monolayers.ResultsThree of the polypeptides bound by C. albicans cells were identified as components of secretory IgA, including secretory component. Using non‐denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we demonstrated that secretory component could be detected in its free form in saliva, and was bound by yeast cells. Secretory component which was purified by electroelution from non‐denaturing PAGE‐separated saliva, without detectable complete IgA, promoted adherence of yeast cells to cultured epithelial monolayers in a dose‐dependent fashion.ConclusionThese results indicate that despite the inhibitory effect on adherence of IgA specific to C. albicans, IgA components, in particular secretory component, also promote binding to cultured epithelial monolayers.
Eucalyptus hairy roots, a fast, efficient and versatile tool to explore function and expression of genes involved in wood formation
Authors: Plasencia Anna , Soler Marçal , Dupas Annabelle , Ladouce Nathalie , Silva‐Martins Guilherme , Martinez Yves , Lapierre Catherine , Franche Claudine , Truchet Isabelle , Grima‐Pettenati Jacqueline 
Published: November 2015

SummaryEucalyptus are of tremendous economic importance being the most planted hardwoods worldwide for pulp and paper, timber and bioenergy. The recent release of the Eucalyptus grandis genome sequence pointed out many new candidate genes potentially involved in secondary growth, wood formation or lineage‐specific biosynthetic pathways. Their functional characterization is, however, hindered by the tedious, time‐consuming and inefficient transformation systems available hitherto for eucalypts. To overcome this limitation, we developed a fast, reliable and efficient protocol to obtain and easily detect co‐transformed E. grandis hairy roots using fluorescent markers, with an average efficiency of 62%. We set up conditions both to cultivate excised roots in vitro and to harden composite plants and verified that hairy root morphology and vascular system anatomy were similar to wild‐type ones. We further demonstrated that co‐transformed hairy roots are suitable for medium‐throughput functional studies enabling, for instance, protein subcellular localization, gene expression patterns through RT‐qPCR and promoter expression, as well as the modulation of endogenous gene expression. Down‐regulation of the Eucalyptus cinnamoyl‐CoA reductase1 (EgCCR1) gene, encoding a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis, led to transgenic roots with reduced lignin levels and thinner cell walls. This gene was used as a proof of concept to demonstrate that the function of genes involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation can be elucidated in transgenic hairy roots using histochemical, transcriptomic and biochemical approaches. The method described here is timely because it will accelerate gene mining of the genome for both basic research and industry purposes.
Human immunodeficiency virus and risk of porphyria cutanea tarda: a possible association examined in a large hospital
Authors: Aguilera Paula , Laguno Montserrat , To‐Figueras Jordi 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been reported to be a risk factor for porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT).PurposeTo assess the strength of the association between HIV infection and PCT in a large hospital setting.MethodsAll patients (N = 210) diagnosed of PCT between 1990 and 2014 were retrospectively investigated for HIV infection and co‐precipitating factors. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used to assess the appearance of pre‐PCT urinary porphyrin abnormalities among a group (N = 22) of HIV‐infected patients without PCT using the urine of patients co‐infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) without PCT for comparison.ResultsTwenty‐six HIV‐infected patients (19 males and seven females) were diagnosed of PCT. During the same interval of time, ~8000 different patients infected with HIV were attended in the hospital of infectious diseases department. Examination of risk factors showed that 25 out of 26 of the PCT patients with HIV were co‐infected with HCV. No chromatographic abnormalities were found in the urine of non‐PCT‐HIV‐infected patients, whereas 39% co‐infected patients showed urinary porphyrin abnormalities.ConclusionsIn our large hospital series, the appearance of PCT among HIV‐infected patients is low (<1%) and most present co‐infection with HCV. Therefore, in most HIV‐infected patients with PCT, hepatitis C and not HIV may induce uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency.
Conditioned medium from human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes skin moisturization and effacement of wrinkles in UVB‐irradiated SKH‐1 hairless mice
Authors: Kwon Tae‐Rin , Oh Chang Taek , Choi Eun Ja , Kim Soon Re , Jang Yu‐Jin , Ko Eun Jung , Yoo Kwang Ho , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising therapeutic agents for various diseases.AimsTo investigate the effects of conditioned medium from human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC‐CdM) on pro‐collagen production and wrinkle formation, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments.MethodsWe assessed the effects of MSC‐CdM on proliferation and photo‐aging in human dermal fibroblasts after UVB exposure using enzyme activity assays for collagen type I secretion and MMP‐1. To determine the effect of topically applied MSC‐CdM on wrinkle formation, MSC‐CdM (1% and 10%) and vehicle (propylene glycol: ethanol, 7 : 3) were applied to the dorsal skin of UVB‐irradiated hairless mice for 8 weeks. We examined the effects on wrinkle formation by assessing visual skin grading, replica, tape stripping, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and skin hydration measurement. We also examined histology of the lesions using hematoxylin–eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining.ResultsMSC‐CdM markedly reduced UV‐induced matrix metalloproteinase‐1 expression and increased pro‐collagen synthesis in a dose‐dependent manner. Our findings suggest that MSC‐CdM induces repair of dermal damage and effacement of wrinkles on UVB‐irradiated hairless mice through protective effect of hydration.ConclusionThese results support an anti‐wrinkle effect of MSC‐CdM that involves increased collagen synthesis and suggest that MSC‐CdM might be a potential candidate for preventing UV‐induced skin damage.