bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Analysis of the Impact of Water Quality Policies on Irrigation Investment and Crop Choice Decisions
Authors: Wu JunJie , Mapp Harry P. , Bernardo Daniel J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA dynamic model is developed to analyze farmers' irrigation investment and crop choice decisions under alternative water quality protection policies. The model is applied to an empirical example in the Oklahoma High Plains. The choices of crops and irrigation systems and the resulting levels of irrigation, income, and nitrogen runoff and percolation are simulated over a ten-year period. An effluent tax on nitrogen runoff and percolation is shown to be effective in reducing nitrate pollution. The efficacy of cost sharing in adopting modern irrigation technologies and restrictions on irrigation water use depends on soil type. A tax on nitrogen use is shown to be the least effective policy.
Meat Demand in the UK: A Differential Approach
Authors: Fousekis Panos , Revell Brian J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA differential approach is employed to analyze demand for meat in the United Kingdom during 1989-99. Differential demand systems with fixed price effects (Rotterdam and CBS) better explain consumers' retail purchase allocation decisions for beef, lamb, pork, bacon and poultry compared with models containing variable price effects (NBR and differential AIDS). The real expenditure and the Hicksian demand elasticities are generally found to be quite different from earlier studies using AIDS models. A quality change index of meat consumption is constructed from the estimated CBS model estimation results and decomposed into real expenditure, substitution, trend, seasonal and residual effects.
Poisson Count Models to Explain the Adoption of Agricultural and Natural Resource Management Technologies by Small Farmers in Central American Countries
Authors: Ramírez Octavio A. , Shultz Steven D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEvaluations of the factors influencing the adoption of agricultural and natural resource management technologies among small farmers in developing countries have been mostly limited to qualitative discussions or simple descriptive statistics resulting in superficial and inconclusive findings. This study introduces the use of Poisson Count Regressions as a statistically appropriate procedure to analyze certain common types of adoption data. It uses them to assess the impact of key socio-economic, bio-physical, and institutional factors on the adoption of integrated pest management, agroforestry, and soil conservation technologies among small farmers in three Central American countries: Costa Rica, Panama, and El Salvador.
Usefulness of Placement-Weight Data in Forecasting Fed Cattle Marketings and Prices
Authors: Norwood Bailey , Schroeder Ted C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn 1996, the USDA began reporting cattle-on-feed placements in various weight groups, which should provide information regarding expected slaughter timings and improve fed cattle price forecasts and marketing strategies. Private data were collected to obtain the necessary degrees of freedom to test statistical relationships between placement weight distributions, beef supply, and fed cattle prices. Use of placement weights improved beef supply forecasts only at a one-month horizon; it contributed nothing to price forecast accuracy or returns from selectively hedging.
Supply and Demand Risks in Laboratory Forward and Spot Markets: Implications for Agriculture
Authors: Menkhaus Dale J. , Bastian Chris T. , Phillips Owen R. , O'Neill Patrick D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLaboratory experimental methods are used to investigate the impacts of supply and/or demand risks on prices, quantities traded, and earnings within forward and spot market institutions. Random demand and/or supply shifts can be as much as 25 percent of the expected equilibrium outcome. Nevertheless, results suggest that the spot or forward trading institution itself has a greater influence on market outcomes than the presence of risk within the trading institution. Sellers tend to have relatively higher earnings in a spot market than buyers, regardless of the risk. Total surplus, however, generally is greater in a forward market.
Depredation Claim Behavior and Tolerance of Wildlife in Wyoming
Authors: Tassell Larry W. Van , Yang Bozheng , Phillips Clynn 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWyoming Game and Fish Department depredation payments were established to increase landowner tolerance toward, and thus the supply of, certain types of wildlife. This study examined how socio-economic and demographic characteristics of farmers and ranchers in Wyoming relate to tolerance toward wildlife and depredation claim submission. The severity of depredation and landowner satisfaction with the depredation policy were evaluated. The financial stability and economic intent of farmers and ranchers significantly influenced tolerance toward wildlife. Landowners tended to be less tolerant of depredation ensuing from elk. The complexity of the submission process was a deterrent to damage claim submissions.
An Automated Econometric Approach for Estimating and Reporting Daily Cotton Market Prices
Authors: Brown Jeff E. , Ethridge Don E. , Hudson Darren , Engels Carlos 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn automated price reporting system developed through computer technology and hedonic price theory is used to estimate daily cotton market prices, premiums, and discounts. This objective approach for reporting cotton market prices was developed to complement the objective measures of high volume instrument grading of cotton. The computerized, econometric system is limited to the Texas and Oklahoma marketing regions where sales are readily available from electronic markets. The econometric based system has shown all the characteristics of an efficient price reporting system; it is accurate, reliable, consistent, and repeatable in its working process and price estimates.
Welfare Losses Under Alternative Oligopoly Regimes: The U.S. Food and Tobacco Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Bhuyan Sanjib , Lopez Rigoberto A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article systematically estimates the allocative efficiency losses in the U.S. food and tobacco manufacturing industries under alternative oligopoly pricing regimes using a formal model of oligopoly. Using 1987 data for 44 industries and an industry-wide oligopoly pricing scheme, these losses were estimated at approximately 3% of sales~2% in the food industries and 19% in the tobacco industries. Five additional oligopoly pricing regimes, four of which are price leaderships, are simulated and their results compared and tested relative to the industry-wide pricing regime. Findings underscore the importance of cost structure assumptions and that the impact of the type of oligopoly behavior assumed is not as dramatic when differences in demand and cost specifications are smoothed out.
Determinants of U.S. Household Expenditures on Fruit and Vegetables: A Note and Update
Authors: Nayga Rodolfo M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study examines the various factors affecting household expenditures on fresh and processed fruit and vegetables in the U.S. using the 1992 Consumer Expenditure Survey. Empirical results suggest that higher income, better educated, larger, and older households spend more on fresh and processed fruit and vegetables than do other households. Seasonal and regional variations are also evident.
A Comparison of Nominal and Real Historical Risk Measures
Authors: Ford Beth Pride , Musser Wesley N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPrevious studies of historical risk have used either nominal or real data to calculate risk measures for agricultural prices and income. However, the effects of using nominal and real data have not been evaluated. This study utilizes theoretical variance approximation relationships to examine variances from detrended real and nominal time series. The relationships between variances are derived for quarterly U.S. farm milk prices for 1960-72, 1973-80, and 1981-90. Contrary to common intuitive arguments, results indicate that variances of real time series can be larger than variances of nominal series. While definitive conclusions are not possible, several reasons for using nominal data in risk analysis are given.
Hypertrichosis of the Ear Rims -Two Remarks on the Two-Gene Hypothesis
Authors: Rao D.C. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryTwo remarks on Rao's Two-Gene Hypothesis for the inheritance of hypertrichosis of ear rims are offered here. First remark provides justification for the particular location of NH- and H-loci on the sex chromosomes in man. A single-case longitudinal study is also reported, which gives rise to the possibility of testing the two-gene hypothesis on family data.
Adenosine Deaminase Polymorphism in a Swedish Population
Authors: Ageheim H. , Bergström M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAdenosine deaminase (ADA) isoenzymes in a Swedish population of 342 unrelated individuals have been determined according to the method of Spencer et al. (1968). The gene frequencies found were 0.9357 and 0.0643 for ADA 1 and ADA 2 respectively. These frequencies are in good accordance with previous investigations.
Chronological Parameters, Twin Studies, and Mental Diseases
Authors: Rainer J. D. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryGenetics deals with ordered and directed biological change in time; psychiatry with the development or the breakdown over the human life span of thought, feeling, and social adaptation. With the growing acknowl-edgement of the contribution of the genotype to mental and emotional uniqueness, it is appropriate to con-sider chronological parameters of mental disease in a genetic framework. These parameters include age of onset of illness (in turn affecting clinical characteristics), sequence of morbid signs and symptoms, length of illness, periodicity of illness, and temporal relation of clinical episodes to other biological events. Data are reviewed from twin and family studies, retrospective and ongoing, that relate such time phenomena to genetic factors in psychiatric disorder. Among the conditions to be considered are schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, Huntington's chorea, karyotype abnormalities, presenile and senile disease, and the psychobiological ageing process itself.
ABO Blood Groups, G6PD Deficiency and Abnormal Haemoglobins in Syphilis Patients of Three Ethnic Groups
Authors: Saha N. , Banerjee B. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA total of 1, 041 syphilis patients of both sexes and different ethnic origin (Chinese, Malay, and Indian) were investigated for the distribution of ABO blood groups and haemoglobin genotypes. There was no significant difference in the incidence of ABO blood groups and abnormal haemoglobins between disease and control series in any of the racial groups.From the above series, 819 male patients were investigated for the incidence of G6PD deficiency. There was no significant difference in the incidence of this genetic marker in disease and normal series.
Erythrocytary Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency – Study on its distribution in the province of Ferrara and its relation to malaria and thalassemia
Authors: Gandini E. , Menini C. , De Filippis A. , Dell'Acqua G. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe distribution of G6PD-D in the Ferrara country has been studied by means of the Brilliant Cresyl Blue discoloration test: 2437 males have been tested in 11 localities.The highest gene frequency of G6PD-D observed is consistent with the one expected after 25-30 generations of malaria selection, assuming an increased fitness of the heterozygotes, as it has been shown in computer simulated evolutionary trends for sex-linked genes. The thalassemia trait has also been shown to be very frequent in the same localities; its frequency is correlated with G6PD-D gene frequency and with the incidence of malaria in the past (1900).G6PD-D frequency is not significantly correlated with malaria. Such a result is due to the significantly lower gene frequency of G6PD-D observed in the localities where the percentage of population affected by malaria was higher (40-60%). On the other hand, G6PD-D is frequently significantly correlated with malaria in the remaining localities where the incidence of the latter ranged from 0 to 35% of the affected population.The mechanisms possibly involved in the determination of this distribution of G6PD-D are discussed.
Relations of Hand Clasping and Arm Folding to Handedness in Hungarian Children
Authors: Forrai G. , Bánkövi G. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe authors examined the manner of clasping the hands (HC) and folding the arms (AF) in 415 unrelated pupils, aged from 9 to 15, of the Budapest school “Horváth Imre”. As refers to HC, 54.2% of the total material was found to be «L» (55.2% in ♂ and 53.2% in ♀), while concerning AF, 62.9% of the total material was found to be “L” (60.4% in ♂ and 65.5% in ♀). No significant difference between sexes could be observed. On the basis of a test constructed by the authors and supposed to be connected with handedness, every pupil examined was marked by a “point number for left-handedness” (PNLH). New observations drawn from our data are: (1) the PNLH average of right-handed pupils is somewhat higher in ♂ than in ♀ (2) a higher PNLH average is found, both for HC and AF, in the group of “L” individuals; (3) as the most striking phenomenon, the group of “R” type girls for HC (marked as “1”) contains a significantly high number of“absolutely right-handed”. This observation suggests that there may be a latent connection between HC, AF and laterality, but the lack of a simple and manifest coherence between these characteristics makes it inadequate to apply HC and AF as tests for handedness.
An Outline of the Problems of Immunogenetics and Reproduction
Authors: Gedda L. , Milani-Comparetti M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe authors trace an outline of the problems involved in the relationship between immunogenetics an reproductive pathology, indicating the need for further specific research.The authors formulate a “central interpretation” of several aspects of immunology, based on the role assigned by nature to primary sensitization in the protection of germinal and fetal antigens against immunological rejection. The implications of such an interpretation may be far-reaching in such fields as reproductive pathology, autoimmune diseases, anthropology and population genetics.
Genetics of Essential Hypertension–Historical perspective and current concept
Authors: Bauer Julius 
Published: July 2016

SummaryEssential hypertension was first recognized as morbid entity in 1911 and the word “essential” was substituted by “constitutional” in 1933. Diastolic hypertension may be constitutional or “symptomatic” if it belongs to the symptoms of a disease of specific organs (kidneys, endocrine, metabolic disease, cerebral or vascular disease). It is futile to search for such a diseased specific organ in constitutional hypertension (1933). Constitutional hypertension is a constitutional variant due to insufficient perfection of the homeostatic (feed-back) system maintaining the habitual blood pressure at a constant normal level. It is of multifactorial (polygenic) etiology (1960). It is a definite predisposition to actual diseases. It is a matter of semantics whether or not it should be called a disease of its own. The syntropy of constitutional hypertension and diabetes, obesity and arteriosclerosis is best explained by sharing various parts of polygenomes that are the common genetic basis of each of these morbid states.
Short Arm Enlargement in a G Chromosome
Authors: François J. , Matton-Van Leuven M. Th. , Coppieters R. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe authors report three cases of enlargement in length of the short arm of a G chromosome: in a mother and her trisomy 21 son, and in a child with congenital glaucoma and systemic malformations. They discuss the nature of this odd chromosome. The latter can represent altered chromosomal behavior of anomalous coiling, but it is quite possible that it represents a translocation. The authors observed another case of congenital glaucoma with short arm enlargement in a G chromosome.
Dermatoglyphics and Turner Syndrome
Authors: Pfeiffer R. A. , Kiera W. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYDermatoglyphics of 81 females with Turner's syndrome are analysed with regard to the cytogenetic findings and they are compared with the data from normal relatives of both sex. The quantitative traits (total ridge count, a-b ridge count, atd angle) are shifted to an elevation of the means. Centric patterns on the hypothenar area as well as a longitudinal alignment of the main lines and transverse creases are found rather frequently. Previous studies are confirmed.
Dermatoglyphics in Patients of Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Emerit I. , Vernant P. , Corone P. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYPalm-print and finger-print patterns were studied in a series of 330 patients with congenital heart disease and compared to a control group of 200 patients with acquired heart disease.156 patiens had associated malformations, while 174 other patients had isolated heart disease. Both groups were studied separately.Simian creases are more frequent in the malformed patients than in the controls, but the difference is only significant in patients with multiple malformations.A triradius in the positions t' is seen with a higher frequency in patients with multiple malformations and in patients with isolated heart disease than in the controls. The position t” however is only more frequent in the group of patients with multiple malformations, and tends to be associated more often with a ventricular septal defect and Fallot's tetralogy than with an atrial septum defect, aortic stenosis, coarctation and patent ductus.Hypothenar patterns are more frequent in patients than in controls.The results concerning finger-print patterns show a diminished frequency of arches in patients with isolated heart disease compared with controls and patients with multiple malformations. Variations between the different types of congenital heart disease were not important. They are partly in agreement, partly in disagreement with the results of other authors.21 patients with familial congenital heart disease show an increased frequency of ulnar loops and a low frequency of whorls compared to the rest of patients.This study does not include classical chromosomal aberrations and no malformation syndromes besides the Holt-Oram syndrome and the supravalvular aortic stenosis syndrome. The first one is characterised by an increased frequency of axial triradius in the t” position and of simian creases, while the second one seems to be without any dermatoglyphic particularity.
Diagnostic Efficiency of Fingerprint and Blood Group Differences in a Series of Twins
Authors: Allen G. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryData obtained in a study of mentally defective twins permitted the examination of interdependence and efficiency of blood groups and fingerprints in zygosity diagnosis. After exclusion of Down's syndrome, the series consisted of 49 MZ pairs, 52 DZ pairs and 18 pairs of uncertain type.Same-sex pairs discordant for Down's syndrome seemed to include some pairs of uniovular or irregular origin, but this could not be investigated cytologically. Concordance appeared to occur independently in different blood group systems. However, DZ twins concordant in the ABO blood groups were significantly more similar in their fingerprints than were other pairs, and the within-pair differences were more uniform.Linear discriminant functions designed for zygosity diagnosis make much better use of dermatoglyphic information than do simpler measures, and the latter could not be much improved by comparing left and right hands separately.
Dermatoglyphics of Twins: A Study based on a new Systematics
Authors: Brismar Bo 
Published: July 2016

Summary1. The Author has investigated on a twin material of 34 twin pairs the papillary line patterns on the fingers, the interdigital areas of the palms, and the hallucal area of the soles according to a systematics accounted for by the Author in earlier works.2. The diagnosis of zygosity has been based on a comparison for the morphological particularities and on blood group analyses, in the cases in which the relative chance for dizygosity for the concordant pairs has been calculated.3. The frequency distribution for the papillary line patterns of the twin pairs showed no significant divergence with respect to the large Swedish population, earlier investigated.4. The 19 MZ twin pairs showed a concordance of 84.2-89.5% for the total qualitative value, total ridge-count and for the hallucal patterns.
The Incidence of Inherited Defects of Colour-Vision in Eight Endogamous Groups of Maharashtrian Brahmins
Authors: Malhotra K. C. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYData on defective sex-linked colour vision has been reported on 1580 male subjects drawn from eight endogamous groups of Maharashtrian Brahmins. The range of variation of affected persons is between 0.00 to 8.58%, with an average of 3.97%. The ratio of deuton to proton genes is 2.54: 1.A great deal of heterogeneity is observed in the groups investigated.
Heritable Behaviour of Dermal Configurations of Toes in Relation to Sex
Authors: Bali R. S. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe sex-wise distribution of whorls among the offspring of various parental combinations reveals that the over-all influence of the parents on the same sex offspring is somewhat less marked. A similar tendency is noticed in case of loops and arches. There hardly seems to exist any relationship between the sex of the parents and their offspring regarding the distribution of pattern-types.
Cleft lip and palate in thalidomide-induced embryopathies
Authors: Immeyer Fritz 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYIn 3 out of 161 cases of thalidomide embryopathy seen in Hamburg, typical malformations of thalidomide causation were associated with cleft lip and/or palate. The same association was present in 6 out of 918 cases of thalidomide embryopathy reported by correspondence. Clefts of the face are more common in thalidomide children than in other children. Usually, they are associated with ear deformities. In cases of aplasia of the radius observed before the introduction of thalidomide but not in those connected with thalidomide intake, clefts are more common than in the general population. The association of clefts and ear deformities has been known before the introduction of thalidomide. Thalidomide is probably the cause of only some cases of association.