bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routinised recognition and anxiety: Understanding the deterioration in Sino-Japanese relations
Authors: Gustafsson Karl 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWhy do interstate relations deteriorate and become conflictual, even under conditions where one might expect improved ties? The article seeks an answer to this question through a case study of the deterioration in Sino-Japanese relations in the twenty-first century, which took place despite the existence of several factors that might be thought likely to have led to an improvement. Existing theoretical approaches cannot fully explain this puzzle. The article argues that such deteriorations can result from disruptions to states’ reciprocally performed routinised recognition, and identifies three mechanisms through which these can occur. To facilitate this argument, the article draws on scholarship on relational identity, recognition, and ontological security to develop a theory of identity construction that takes account of how self and other routinise the ways in which they recognise each other and how they react to the other’s representational practices.
COST ANALYSIS OF INTRA PROCEDURAL RAPID ON SITE EVALUATION OF CYTOPATHOLOGY WITH ENDOBRONCHIAL ULTRASOUND
Authors: Kalluri Meena , Puttagunta Lakshmi , Ohinmaa Arto , Thanh Nguyen Xuan , Wong Eric 
Published: January 2016

Background: Rapid on site evaluation (ROSE) allows immediate processing and interpretation of the aspirate in the procedural suite. It improves diagnostic yield and lowers patient care costs. There are limited data on its cost-effectiveness with endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS).Methods: We developed an economic model with two arms, no ROSE (our current practice) and simulated ROSE. To simulate ROSE, a cytopathologist retrospectively identified the first diagnostic slide in each case. Using a decision analytic modeling technique under a hospital diagnostic unit perspective, the benefits of simulated ROSE were estimated as cost-savings. The model input was estimated from actual data, consulting experts, and the literature. The benefits were estimated as cost savings per patient and for the province of Alberta per year. Due to differences in the procedure, sarcoidosis and cancer patients were analyzed separately. The costs are shown in 2012 Canadian dollars, CAD.Results: In our model without ROSE, the procedure cost/patient was CAD 646.00(USD 523.32) for cancer and CAD 1,170.00 (USD 947.73) for sarcoidosis. With simulated ROSE cost savings of CAD 63.00(37.00 to 89.00) [USD 51.04(29.97 to 72.10)], CAD 544.00(490.00 to 598.00) [USD 440.65(397.05 to 484.44)] for cancer and sarcoidosis, respectively. Extrapolating this to provincial data, our model estimates that EBUS with ROSE would lead to savings of CAD 50,000.00(30,000 to 71,000) [USD 40,501.24 (24,300.75 to 57,531.34)] for cancer and CAD 109,000.00 (87,000 to 130,000) [USD 88,337.07 (70,546.45 to 105,313.04) for sarcoidosis.Conclusion: The use of ROSE with EBUS is cost saving. The projected savings were CAD 50,000.00 (USD 40,501.24) and CAD 109,000.00(USD 88,337.07) in cancer and sarcoidosis, respectively, for the province of Alberta, Canada.
Increased number of cases of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection imported from the Caribbean and Central America to northern Italy, 2014
Authors: ROSSINI G. , GAIBANI P. , VOCALE C. , FINARELLI A. C. , LANDINI M. P. 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYThis report describes an increased number of cases of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection imported in northern Italy (Emilia-Romagna region) during the period May–September 2014, indicating that the recent spread of CHIKV and its establishment in the Caribbean and in central America, resulted in a high number of imported cases in Europe, thus representing a threat to public health. From May to September 2014, 14 imported cases of CHIKV infection were diagnosed; the patients were returning to Italy from Dominican Republic (n = 6), Haiti (n = 3), Guadeloupe (n = 2), Martinique (n = 1), Puerto Rico (n = 1) and Venezuela (n = 1). Phylogenetic analysis performed on the envelope protein (E1) gene sequences, obtained from plasma samples from two patients, indicated that the virus strain belongs to the Caribbean clade of the Asian genotype currently circulating in the Caribbean and Americas. The rise in the number of imported cases of CHIKV infection should increase healthcare professionals' awareness of the epidemiological situation and clinical presentation of CHIKV infection in order to enhance surveillance and early diagnosis in the forthcoming season of vector activity in Europe and North America.
Observed temperament from ages 6 to 36 months predicts parent- and teacher-reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in first grade
Authors: Willoughby Michael T. , Gottfredson Nisha C. , Stifter Cynthia A. ,   The Family Life Project Investigators
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study tested the prospective association between observational indicators of temperament, which were obtained across multiple assessments when children were 6–36 months of age, and parent and teacher reports of children's attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behaviors, when children were in first grade. Data were drawn from the Family Life Project and included 1,074 children for whom temperament and either parent- or teacher-reported ADHD behavioral data were available. The results of variable-centered regression models indicated that individual differences in temperament regulation, but not temperamental reactivity, was uniquely predictive of parent- and teacher-reported ADHD behaviors. Latent profile analyses were used to characterize configurations of temperamental reactivity and regulation. Person-centered regression models were subsequently estimated in which temperamental profile membership replaced continuous indicators of temperamental reactivity and regulation as predictors. The results of person-centered regression models indicated that temperamental reactivity and regulation both contributed (both alone and in combination) to the prediction of subsequent ADHD behaviors. In general, the predictive associations from early temperament to later ADHD were of modest magnitude (R2= .10–.17). Results are discussed with respect to interest in the early identification of children who are at elevated risk for later ADHD.
Fermi's paradox, extraterrestrial life and the future of humanity: a Bayesian analysis
Authors: Verendel Vilhelm , Häggström Olle 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Great Filter interpretation of Fermi's great silence asserts thatNpqis not a very large number, whereNis the number of potentially life-supporting planets in the observable universe,pis the probability that a randomly chosen such planet develops intelligent life to the level of present-day human civilization, andqis the conditional probability that it then goes on to develop a technological supercivilization visible all over the observable universe. Evidence suggests thatNis huge, which implies thatpqis very small. Hanson (1998) and Bostrom (2008) have argued that the discovery of extraterrestrial life would point towardspnot being small and therefore a very smallq, which can be seen as bad news for humanity's prospects of colonizing the universe. Here we investigate whether a Bayesian analysis supports their argument, and the answer turns out to depend critically on the choice of prior distribution.
Replication landscape of the human genome
Authors: Petryk Nataliya , Kahli Malik , d'Aubenton-Carafa Yves , Jaszczyszyn Yan , Shen Yimin , Silvain Maud , Thermes Claude , Chen Chun-Long , Hyrien Olivier 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDespite intense investigation, human replication origins and termini remain elusive. Existing data have shown strong discrepancies. Here we sequenced highly purified Okazaki fragments from two cell types and, for the first time, quantitated replication fork directionality and delineated initiation and termination zones genome-wide. Replication initiates stochastically, primarily within non-transcribed, broad (up to 150 kb) zones that often abut transcribed genes, and terminates dispersively between them. Replication fork progression is significantly co-oriented with the transcription. Initiation and termination zones are frequently contiguous, sometimes separated by regions of unidirectional replication. Initiation zones are enriched in open chromatin and enhancer marks, even when not flanked by genes, and often border ‘topologically associating domains’ (TADs). Initiation zones are enriched in origin recognition complex (ORC)-binding sites and better align to origins previously mapped using bubble-trap than λ-exonuclease. This novel panorama of replication reveals how chromatin and transcription modulate the initiation process to create cell-type-specific replication programs.
1,25D3 prevents CD8+Tc2 skewing and asthma development through VDR binding changes to the Cyp11a1 promoter
Authors: Schedel Michaela , Jia Yi , Michel Sven , Takeda Katsuyuki , Domenico Joanne , Joetham Anthony , Ning Fangkun , Strand Matthew , Han Junyan , Wang Meiqin , Lucas Joseph J. , Vogelberg Christian , Kabesch Michael , O’Connor Brian P. , Gelfand Erwin W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEffector CD8+T cells convert from IFN-γ+(Tc1) to IL-13+(Tc2) cells in the presence of IL-4. Underlying regulatory mechanisms are not fully defined. Here, we show that addition of 1,25D3, the active form of vitamin D3, during CD8+T-cell differentiation prevents IL-4-induced conversion to IL-13-producers. Transfer of 1,25D3-treated CD8+T cells into sensitized and challenged CD8+-deficient recipients fails to restore development of lung allergic responses. 1,25D3 alters vitamin D receptor (VDR) recruitment to theCyp11a1promoterin vitroandin vivoin the presence of IL-4. As a result, protein levels and enzymatic activity of CYP11A1, a steroidogenic enzyme regulating CD8+T-cell conversion, are decreased. An epistatic effect betweenCYP11A1andVDRpolymorphisms may contribute to the predisposition to childhood asthma. These data identify a role for 1,25D3 in the molecular programming of CD8+T-cell conversion to an IL-13-secreting phenotype through regulation of steroidogenesis, potentially governing asthma susceptibility.
TSPO ligand residence time: a new parameter to predict compound neurosteroidogenic efficacy
Authors: Costa Barbara , Da Pozzo Eleonora , Giacomelli Chiara , Barresi Elisabetta , Taliani Sabrina , Da Settimo Federico , Martini Claudia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe pharmacological activation of the cholesterol-binding Translocator Protein (TSPO) leads to an increase of endogenous steroids and neurosteroids determining benefic pleiotropic effects in several pathological conditions, including anxiety disorders. The relatively poor relationship between TSPO ligand binding affinities and steroidogenic efficacies prompted us to investigate the time (Residence Time, RT) that a number of compounds with phenylindolylglyoxylamide structure (PIGAs) spends in contact with the target. Here, given the poor availability of TSPO ligand kinetic parameters, a kinetic radioligand binding assay was set up and validated for RT determination using a theoretical mathematical model successfully applied to other ligand-target systems. TSPO ligand RT was quantified and the obtained results showed a positive correlation between the period for which a drug interacts with TSPO and the compound ability to stimulate steroidogenesis. Specifically, the TSPO ligand RT significantly fitted both with steroidogenic efficacy (Emax) and with area under the dose-response curve, a parameter combining drug potency and efficacy. A positive relation between RT and anxiolytic activity of three compounds was evidenced. In conclusion, RT could be a relevant parameter to predict the steroidogenic efficacy and thein vivoanxiolytic action of new TSPO ligands.
ACT-PRESTO: Rapid and consistent tissue clearing and labeling method for 3-dimensional (3D) imaging
Authors: Lee Eunsoo , Choi Jungyoon , Jo Youhwa , Kim Joo Yeon , Jang Yu Jin , Lee Hye Myeong , Kim So Yeun , Lee Ho-Jae , Cho Keunchang , Jung Neoncheol , Hur Eun Mi , Jeong Sung Jin , Moon Cheil , Choe Youngshik , Rhyu Im Joo , Kim Hyun , Sun Woong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the structural organization of organs and organisms at the cellular level is a fundamental challenge in biology. This task has been approached by reconstructing three-dimensional structure from images taken from serially sectioned tissues, which is not only labor-intensive and time-consuming but also error-prone. Recent advances in tissue clearing techniques allow visualization of cellular structures and neural networks inside of unsectioned whole tissues or the entire body. However, currently available protocols require long process times. Here, we present the rapid and highly reproducible ACT-PRESTO (active clarity technique-pressure related efficient and stable transfer of macromolecules into organs) method that clears tissues or the whole body within 1 day while preserving tissue architecture and protein-based signals derived from endogenous fluorescent proteins. Moreover, ACT-PRESTO is compatible with conventional immunolabeling methods and expedites antibody penetration into thick specimens by applying pressure. The speed and consistency of this method will allow high-content mapping and analysis of normal and pathological features in intact organs and bodies.
Ranking of Molecular Biomarker Interaction with Targeted DNA Nucleobases via Full Atomistic Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Zhang Wenjun , Wang Ming L. , Cranford Steven W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDNA-based sensors can detect disease biomarkers, including acetone and ethanol for diabetes and H2S for cardiovascular diseases. Before experimenting on thousands of potential DNA segments, we conduct full atomistic steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations to screen the interactions between different DNA sequences with targeted molecules to rank the nucleobase sensing performance. We study and rank the strength of interaction between four single DNA nucleotides (Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T)) on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with acetone, ethanol, H2S and HCl. By sampling forward and reverse interaction paths, we compute the free-energy profiles of eight systems for the four targeted molecules. We find that dsDNA react differently than ssDNA to the targeted molecules, requiring more energy to move the molecule close to DNA as indicated by the potential of mean force (PMF). Comparing the PMF values of different systems, we obtain a relative ranking of DNA base for the detection of each molecule. Via the same procedure, we could generate a library of DNA sequences for the detection of a wide range of chemicals. A DNA sensor array built with selected sequences differentiating many disease biomarkers can be used in disease diagnosis and monitoring.
Leucine zipper motif in RRS1 is crucial for the regulation of Arabidopsis dual resistance protein complex RPS4/RRS1
Authors: Narusaka Mari , Toyoda Kazuhiro , Shiraishi Tomonori , Iuchi Satoshi , Takano Yoshitaka , Shirasu Ken , Narusaka Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2016

AbstractArabidopsis thaliana leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) proteins RPS4 and RRS1, known as dual resistance proteins, confer resistance to multiple pathogen isolates, such as the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum and the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum. RPS4 is a typical Toll/interleukin 1 Receptor (TIR)-type NLR, whereas RRS1 is an atypical TIR-NLR that contains a leucine zipper (LZ) motif and a C-terminal WRKY domain. RPS4 and RRS1 are localised near each other in a head-to-head orientation. In this study, direct mutagenesis of the C-terminal LZ motif in RRS1 caused an autoimmune response and stunting in the mutant. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that full-length RPS4 and RRS1 are physically associated with one another. Furthermore, virus-induced gene silencing experiments showed that hypersensitive-like cell death triggered by RPS4/LZ motif-mutated RRS1 depends on EDS1. In conclusion, we suggest that the RRS1-LZ motif is crucial for the regulation of the RPS4/RRS1 complex.
A Genome-wide study of blood pressure in African Americans accounting for gene-smoking interaction
Authors: Taylor Jacquelyn Y. , Schwander Karen , Kardia Sharon L. R. , Arnett Donna , Liang Jingjing , Hunt Steven C. , Rao D.C. , Sun Yan V. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCigarette smoking has been shown to be a health hazard. In addition to being considered a negative lifestyle behavior, studies have shown that cigarette smoking has been linked to genetic underpinnings of hypertension. Because African Americans have the highest incidence and prevalence of hypertension, we examined the joint effect of genetics and cigarette smoking on health among this understudied population. The sample included African Americans from the genome wide association studies of HyperGEN (N = 1083, discovery sample) and GENOA (N = 1427, replication sample), both part of the FBPP. Results suggested that 2 SNPs located on chromosomes 14 (NEDD8; rs11158609; raw p = 9.80 × 10−9, genomic control-adjusted p = 2.09 × 10−7) and 17 (TTYH2; rs8078051; raw p = 6.28 × 10−8, genomic control-adjusted p = 9.65 × 10−7) were associated with SBP including the genetic interaction with cigarette smoking. These two SNPs were not associated with SBP in a main genetic effect only model. This study advances knowledge in the area of main and joint effects of genetics and cigarette smoking on hypertension among African Americans and offers a model to the reader for assessing these risks. More research is required to determine how these genes play a role in expression of hypertension.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of random stimuli account for trial-to-trial variability in perceptual decision making
Authors: Park Hame , Lueckmann Jan-Matthis , von Kriegstein Katharina , Bitzer Sebastian , Kiebel Stefan J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDecisions in everyday life are prone to error. Standard models typically assume that errors during perceptual decisions are due to noise. However, it is unclear how noise in the sensory input affects the decision. Here we show that there are experimental tasks for which one can analyse the exact spatio-temporal details of a dynamic sensory noise and better understand variability in human perceptual decisions. Using a new experimental visual tracking task and a novel Bayesian decision making model, we found that the spatio-temporal noise fluctuations in the input of single trials explain a significant part of the observed responses. Our results show that modelling the precise internal representations of human participants helps predict when perceptual decisions go wrong. Furthermore, by modelling precisely the stimuli at the single-trial level, we were able to identify the underlying mechanism of perceptual decision making in more detail than standard models.
Bright and photostable push-pull pyrene dye visualizes lipid order variation between plasma and intracellular membranes
Authors: Niko Yosuke , Didier Pascal , Mely Yves , Konishi Gen-ichi , Klymchenko Andrey S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractImaging lipid organization in cell membranes requires advanced fluorescent probes. Here, we show that a recently synthesized push-pull pyrene (PA), similarly to popular probe Laurdan, changes the emission maximum as a function of lipid order, but outperforms it by spectroscopic properties. In addition to red-shifted absorption compatible with common 405 nm diode laser, PA shows higher brightness and much higher photostability than Laurdan in apolar membrane environments. Moreover, PA is compatible with two-photon excitation at wavelengths >800 nm, which was successfully used for ratiometric imaging of coexisting liquid ordered and disordered phases in giant unilamellar vesicles. Fluorescence confocal microscopy in Hela cells revealed that PA efficiently stains the plasma membrane and the intracellular membranes at >20-fold lower concentrations, as compared to Laurdan. Finally, ratiometric imaging using PA reveals variation of lipid order within different cellular compartments: plasma membranes are close to liquid ordered phase of model membranes composed of sphingomyelin and cholesterol, while intracellular membranes are much less ordered, matching well membranes composed of unsaturated phospholipids without cholesterol. These differences in the lipid order were confirmed by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) at the blue edge of PA emission band. PA probe constitutes thus a new powerful tool for biomembrane research.
Predicting future uncertainty constraints on global warming projections
Authors: Shiogama H. , Stone D. , Emori S. , Takahashi K. , Mori S. , Maeda A. , Ishizaki Y. , Allen M. R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractProjections of global mean temperature changes (ΔT) in the future are associated with intrinsic uncertainties. Much climate policy discourse has been guided by “current knowledge” of the ΔTs uncertainty, ignoring the likely future reductions of the uncertainty, because a mechanism for predicting these reductions is lacking. By using simulations of Global Climate Models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 ensemble as pseudo past and future observations, we estimate how fast and in what way the uncertainties of ΔT can decline when the current observation network of surface air temperature is maintained. At least in the world of pseudo observations under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), we can drastically reduce more than 50% of the ΔTs uncertainty in the 2040 s by 2029 and more than 60% of the ΔTs uncertainty in the 2090 s by 2049. Under the highest forcing scenario of RCPs, we can predict the true timing of passing the 2 °C (3 °C) warming threshold 20 (30) years in advance with errors less than 10 years. These results demonstrate potential for sequential decision-making strategies to take advantage of future progress in understanding of anthropogenic climate change.
Seasonal divergence in the interannual responses of Northern Hemisphere vegetation activity to variations in diurnal climate
Authors: Wu Xiuchen , Liu Hongyan , Li Xiaoyan , Liang Eryuan , Beck Pieter S. A. , Huang Yongmei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSeasonal asymmetry in the interannual variations in the daytime and nighttime climate in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) is well documented, but its consequences for vegetation activity remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the interannual responses of vegetation activity to variations of seasonal mean daytime and nighttime climate in NH (>30 °N) during the past decades using remote sensing retrievals, FLUXNET and tree ring data. Despite a generally significant and positive response of vegetation activity to seasonal mean maximum temperature ("Equation missing") in ~22–25% of the boreal (>50 °N) NH between spring and autumn, spring-summer progressive water limitations appear to decouple vegetation activity from the mean summer "Equation missing", particularly in climate zones with dry summers. Drought alleviation during autumn results in vegetation recovery from the marked warming-induced drought limitations observed in spring and summer across 24–26% of the temperate NH. Vegetation activity exhibits a pervasively negative correlation with the autumn mean minimum temperature, which is in contrast to the ambiguous patterns observed in spring and summer. Our findings provide new insights into how seasonal asymmetry in the interannual variations in the mean daytime and nighttime climate interacts with water limitations to produce spatiotemporally variable responses of vegetation growth.