bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning-enhanced stochastic uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the ICRP human respiratory tract model for an inhaled radionuclide
Authors: Mate-Kole Emmanuel Matey , Howard Sara C , Golden Ashley P , Dewji Shaheen Azim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has developed the reference Human Respiratory Tract Model (HRTM), detailed in ICRP Publications 66 and 130, to estimate the deposition and clearance of inhaled radionuclides. These models utilize reference anatomical and physiological parameters for particle deposition (PD). Biokinetic models further estimate retention and excretion of internalized particulates, aiding the derivation of inhalation dose coefficients (DC). This study aimed to assess variability in deterministic 131I biokinetic and dosimetry models through stochastic analysis using the updated HRTM from ICRP Publication 130. The complexities of the ICRP PD model were reconstructed into a new, independent computational model. Comparison with reference data for total PD fractions for reference worker, solely a nose breather, covering activity median aerodynamic diameters from 0.3 μm to 20 μm, showed a 1.04% relative and 0.7% absolute difference, demonstrating good agreement with ICRP deposition fractions. The deterministic DC module was reconstructed in Python and expanded for stochastic analysis, systematically expanding deposition components from HRTM and assigning probability distribution functions to uncertain parameters. These were integrated into an in-house stochastic radiological exposure dose calculator, utilizing latin hypercube sampling. A case of an occupational radionuclide intake was explored, in which biodistribution and committed effective DC (CEDC) were computed for 131I type F, considering a lognormal particle size distribution with a median of 5 μm. Results showed the published ICRP reference CEDC marginally exceeds the 75th percentile of observed samples, with log-gamma distribution as the best-fit probability distribution. A Random Forest regression model with SHapley Additive exPlanations was employed for sensitivity analysis to predict feature importance. The analysis identified the HRTM particle transport rates scaling factor, followed by the aerodynamic deposition efficiency in the alveolar interstitial region as the most impactful parameters. This study offers a unique stochastic approach on inhaled particulate metabolism, enhancing radiation consequence management, medical countermeasures, and dose reconstruction for epidemiological studies.
Laser-fibre interface for single-particle detector amplification and transportation
Authors: Murray Andrew James 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Single quantum particle detectors (e.g. photo-multiplier tubes and electron multipliers) produce ns-output pulses that time-correlate to particles that enter them. The detector output pulses usually require amplification at source, before being sent to counting electronics for analysis. A laser-based transport system is detailed here that converts the detector output into light pulses that are injected into single mode fibre. Pulse delivery is then by fibre, so that electrical interference from the laboratory environment and earth grounding loops are eliminated. A fast photodiode and differential amplifier converts the signal exiting the fibre into a voltage pulse for subsequent timing experiments.
A novel method measuring orifice conductance and testing time-of-flight mass spectrometer for water vapor–binary gas
Authors: Geng Jian , Wang Xiaodong , Ren Zhengyi , Tao Wenze , Xi Zhenhua , Zhang Hai , Li Lishan , Guo Meiru 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The miniature time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) is a crucial instrument for detecting water ice in Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, so it is necessary to compare its detection results for pure water vapor and water vapor–binary gas (such as H2O–N2, H2O–CH4, and H2O–Ar) to evaluate its water detection performance. The throughput must be calculated using the measured conductance to test the miniature TOF-MS. According to the VΔp method, the pΔt method, whose uncertainty is less than 14.2%, is proposed to measure orifice conductance for water vapor–binary gas, and an apparatus was developed based on those two methods. The orifice conductance of four kinds of pure gases (N2, H2O, CH4, and Ar) was measured using those two methods separately, and the measurement results allowed the conductance of the water vapor–binary gas to be calculated through the Equivalent Single Gas method. The conductance of the water vapor–binary gas was measured using the pΔt method, and the difference between the calculated and measured results is less than 7%. Hence, the measured conductance allows the miniature TOF-MS to be tested for the water vapor–binary gas. As throughput is from 10−9 to 10−6 Pa m3 s−1, the difference between the test signals of water vapor–binary gas and pure water vapor is less than 40%.
Application of damping spectrum iterative algorithm for enhanced electrical capacitance tomography image reconstruction
Authors: Zhu Xiaoli , Jiang Xijian , Shi Zhixin , Song Guosheng , Wang Zhenbo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In real-world applications, one of the key challenges for electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) measurement is image reconstruction, which is inherently nonlinear and ill-posed, causing its solution to be unstable. To address this issue, the damping spectrum (DS) iterative algorithm once frequently used for solving inverse problems is adopted for the first time in ECT image reconstruction. The relationship between the damping factor and the imaging quality is systematically examined, based on which a method for selecting the optimal damping factor is proposed. The accuracy, efficiency and robustness of the DS iterative algorithm against the traditional linear back projection (LBP) and Landweber algorithms are investigated by numerical simulation and static experiments. Results show that the DS iterative algorithm achieves superior imaging quality with reduced artifact, higher correlation coefficient and lower relative error when compared to the LBP and Landweber algorithms. Moreover, the DS iterative algorithm exhibits significantly higher computational efficiency than the Landweber algorithm, although slightly lower than the LBP algorithm, making it a viable tool for real-time measurements. Static experiments reveal that the imaging quality of the edge flow is better than that of the central flow, primarily due to the inherent soft-field issue in ECT technique which is particularly notable in larger-size ECT sensors. Encouragingly, the effectiveness of the DS iterative algorithm in mitigating the soft-field issue in ECT measurement becomes more pronounced when applied to larger-scale ECT sensors.
Macrophage uptake rate of Sonazoid in breast lymphosonography is highly conserved in healthy controls
Authors: Tichauer Kenneth M , Machado Priscilla , Liu Ji-Bin , Sarathchandra A S Chalmika , Stanczak Maria , Kraft Walter K , Forsberg Flemming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Subcutaneous microbubble administration in connection with contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging is showing promise as a noninvasive and sensitive way to detect tumor draining sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in patients with breast cancer. Moreover, there is potential to harness the results from these approaches to directly estimate cancer burden, since some microbubble formulas, such as the Sonazoid used in this study, are rapidly phagocytosed by macrophages, and the macrophage concentration in a lymph node is inversely related to the cancer burden. This work presents a mathematical model that can approximate a rate constant governing macrophage uptake of Sonazoid, ki
, given dynamic CEUS Sonazoid imaging data. Twelve healthy women were injected with 1.0 ml of Sonazoid in an upper-outer quadrant of one of their breasts and SLNs were imaged in each patient immediately after injection, and then at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h after injection. The mathematical model developed was fit to the dynamic CEUS data from each subject resulting in a mean ± sd of 0.006 ± 0.005 h−1 and 0.4 ± 0.1 h−1 for relative lymphatic flow (EFl
) and ki
, respectively. Furthermore, the roughly 25% sd of the ki
measurement was similar to the sd that would be expected from realistic noise simulations for a stable 0.4 h−1 value of ki
, suggesting that macrophage concentration is highly consistent among cancer-free SLNs. These results, along with the significantly smaller variance in ki
measurement observed compared to relative lymphatic flow suggest that ki
may be a more precise and promising approach of estimating macrophage abundance, and inversely cancer burden. Future studies comparing tumor-free to tumor-bearing nodes are planned to verify this hypothesis.
Proton dose calculation with LSTM networks in presence of a magnetic field
Authors: Radonic Domagoj , Xiao Fan , Wahl Niklas , Voss Luke , Neishabouri Ahmad , Delopoulos Nikolaos , Marschner Sebastian , Corradini Stefanie , Belka Claus , Dedes George , Kurz Christopher , Landry Guillaume 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. To present a long short-term memory (LSTM) network-based dose calculation method for magnetic resonance (MR)-guided proton therapy. Approach. 35 planning computed tomography (CT) images of prostate cancer patients were collected for Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculation under a perpendicular 1.5 T magnetic field. Proton pencil beams (PB) at three energies (150, 175, and 200 MeV) were simulated (7560 PBs at each energy). A 3D relative stopping power cuboid covering the extent of the PB dose was extracted and given as input to the LSTM model, yielding a 3D predicted PB dose. Three single-energy (SE) LSTM models were trained separately on the corresponding 150/175/200 MeV datasets and a multi-energy (ME) LSTM model with an energy embedding layer was trained on either the combined dataset with three energies or a continuous energy (CE) dataset with 1 MeV steps ranging from 125 to 200 MeV. For each model, training and validation involved 25 patients and 10 patients were for testing. Two single field uniform dose prostate treatment plans were optimized and recalculated with MC and the CE model. Results. Test results of all PBs from the three SE models showed a mean gamma passing rate (2%/2 mm, 10% dose cutoff) above 99.9% with an average center-of-mass (COM) discrepancy below 0.4 mm between predicted and simulated trajectories. The ME model showed a mean gamma passing rate exceeding 99.8% and a COM discrepancy of less than 0.5 mm at the three energies. Treatment plan recalculation by the CE model yielded gamma passing rates of 99.6% and 97.9%. The inference time of the models was 9–10 ms per PB. Significance. LSTM models for proton dose calculation in a magnetic field were developed and showed promising accuracy and efficiency for prostate cancer patients.
Physiological definition for region of interest selection in electrical impedance tomography data: description and validation of a novel method
Authors: Francovich Juliette E , Somhorst Peter , Gommers Diederik , Endeman Henrik , Jonkman Annemijn H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. Geometrical region of interest (ROI) selection in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) monitoring may lack sensitivity to subtle changes in ventilation distribution. Therefore, we demonstrate a new physiological method for ROI definition. This is relevant when using ROIs to compute subsequent EIT-parameters, such as the ventral-to-dorsal ratio during a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) trial. Approach. Our physiological approach divides an EIT image to ensure exactly 50% tidal impedance variation in the ventral and dorsal region. To demonstrate the effects of our new method, EIT measurements during a decremental PEEP trial in 49 mechanically ventilated ICU-patients were used. We compared the center of ventilation (CoV), a robust parameter for changes in ventro-dorsal ventilation distribution, to our physiological ROI selection method and different commonly used ROI selection methods. Moreover, we determined the impact of different ROI selection methods on the PEEP level corresponding to a ventral-to-dorsal ratio closest to 1. Main results. The division line separating the ventral and dorsal ROI was closer to the CoV for our new physiological method for ROI selection compared to geometrical ROI definition. Moreover, the PEEP level corresponding to a ventral-to-dorsal ratio of 1 is strongly influenced by the chosen ROI selection method, which could have a profound clinical impact; the within-subject range of PEEP level was 6.2 cmH2O depending on the chosen ROI selection method. Significance. Our novel physiological method for ROI definition is sensitive to subtle ventilation-induced changes in regional impedance (i.e. due to (de)recruitment) during mechanical ventilation, similar to the CoV.
Anomalous transient conductivity of magnetic elastomer under the action of strain and magnetic field
Authors: Stepanov G V , Semerenko D A , Raikher Yu L , Bakhtiiarov A V , Lobanov D A , Storozhenko P A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Magnetoactive (aka magnetorheological) elastomer composites, which are elastic polymer matrices filled with micron-sized particles of a ferromagnet, are a novel type of magnetically controllable material. In addition to their complex magnetomechanical behavior, magnetoactive elastomers, as conducting substances, possess electrical resistivity that is highly sensitive to both mechanical stress and the applied magnetic field. Here, we present a study on the response of such composites to pulse mechanical or magnetic perturbations. Remarkably, a transient electric process induced by any of those stimuli is always non-monotonic. The electric current measurements reveal that before settling at the new equilibrium level, the resistivity always undergoes a substantial jump-up independently on the sign of the perturbation: a pressure on/off or the field on/off. The main goal of the work is to register the encountered effect in detail.
The OU2 process: characterising dissipative confinement in noisy traps
Authors: Cocconi Luca , Alston Henry , Romano Jacopo , Bertrand Thibault 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process describes the dynamics of Brownian particles in a confining harmonic potential, thereby constituting the paradigmatic model of overdamped, mean-reverting Langevin dynamics. Despite its widespread applicability, this model falls short when describing physical systems where the confining potential is itself subjected to stochastic fluctuations. However, such stochastic fluctuations generically emerge in numerous situations, including in the context of colloidal manipulation by optical tweezers, leading to inherently out-of-equilibrium trapped dynamics. To explore the consequences of stochasticity at this level, we introduce a natural extension of the OU process, in which the stiffness of the harmonic potential is itself subjected to OU-like fluctuations. We call this model the OU2 process. We examine its statistical, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties through a combination of analytical and numerical methods. Importantly, we show that the probability density for the particle position presents power-law tails, in contrast to the Gaussian decay of the standard OU process. In turn, this causes the trapping behavior, extreme value statistics, first passage statistics, and entropy production of the OU2 process to differ qualitatively from their standard OU counterpart. Due to the wide applicability of the standard OU process and of the proposed OU2 generalisation, our study sheds light on the peculiar properties of stochastic dynamics in random potentials and lays the foundation for the refined analysis of the dynamics and thermodynamics of numerous experimental systems.
Simulating the motion of a mechanical arm driven by neural circuit
Authors: Zhang Li , Jin Wuyin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A simple electromechanical model is constructed in this work to investigate the dynamical behavior of a mechanical arm driven by a light-sensitive neural circuit, simulating the operation of a micromechanical device implanted in the brain under neuronal operation. The physical equation describing the relationship between neural firing and mechanical motion is provided, the dimensionless model is obtained using the scale transformation, and the Hamilton energy of the electromechanical system is calculated based on Helmholtz theorem. It is found that the variation of photocurrent, magnetic field and damping coefficient causes the neuron and mechanical arm to interact with each other to generate a variety of oscillations when the phototube is used as a voltage/current source. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the conversion of field energy and mechanical energy is another effective method for estimating and controlling the oscillation modes of the electromechanical model. The results explain how a micromassager connected to a neuron processes information from both environment and itself, and provide an insight for the design of implantable neurostimulators to restore brain or muscle function.
Quantum cryptography in the security of cognitive radio networks
Authors: Evelyn Ezhilarasi I , Christopher Clement J , Agnes Nalini Vincent 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cognitive radio networks face challenges from malicious users who aim to disrupt decision-making during spectrum sensing and decrease spectrum efficiency. The proposed model seeks to distinguish between the presence and absence of primary user signals using energy detection and also it introduces a quantum-inspired outlier detection mechanism for cognitive radio networks to enhance security and reliability during spectrum sensing by ignoring the identified outliers. It employs BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol and one time pad for secure transmission of secondary user (SU) local decisions to the fusion center (FC), ensuring data integrity and confidentiality. These decisions are transmitted securely establishing a shared secret key between SU and FC and arrives at a global decision. To make the model more robust, we proposed another novel model with a modified BB84 protocol and compared the results of both the models, offering a robust solution for enhancing the reliability and performance of cognitive radio networks with proven results from simulation.
Black-body radiation in an accelerated frame
Authors: Ariwahjoedi Seramika , Salim Adam Apriadi , Prihadi Hadyan Luthfan , Zen Freddy Permana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We derive Planck’s radiation law in a uniformly accelerated frame expressed in Rindler coordinates. The black-body spectrum is time-dependent in its temperature and Planckian at each instantaneous time, but it is scaled by an emissivity factor that depends on the Rindler spatial coordinate and the acceleration magnitude. An observer in an accelerated frame will perceive the black-body as black, hyperblack, or grey, depending on their position relative to the source (moving away or toward it), the acceleration magnitude, and whether they are accelerating or decelerating. For an observer accelerating away from the source, there exists a threshold on the acceleration magnitude beyond which they no longer receive radiation from the black-body. Since the frequency and the number of modes in Planck’s law evolve over time, the spectrum is continuously red- or blue-shifted towards lower or higher frequencies as time progresses, and the radiation modes (photons) may be created or annihilated, depending on the observer’s position and their acceleration or deceleration relative to the source of radiation.
Density waves of vortex fluids on a sphere
Authors: Xiong Yanqi , Zou Zhijun , Luo Liang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We aim to find one highly nontrivial example of the solutions to the vortex fluid dynamical equation on the unit sphere (S
2) and compare it with the numerical simulation. Since the rigid rotating steady solution for vortex fluids on S
2 is already known to us, we consider the perturbations above it. After decomposing the perturbation of the vortex number density and vortex charge density into spherical harmonics, we find that the perturbations are propagating waves. To be precise, the velocities for different single-mode vortex number density waves are all the same, while the velocities for single-mode vortex charge density waves depend on the degree of the spherical harmonics l, which is a signal of the existence of dispersion. Meanwhile, we find that there is a beat phenomenon for the positive (or negative) vortex density wave. Numerical simulation based on the canonical equations for the point vortex model agrees perfectly with our theoretical calculations.
Finite-time decentralized event-triggered state estimation for coupled neural networks under unreliable Markovian network against mixed cyberattacks
Authors: Wang 汪 Xiulin 修林 , Cai 蔡 Youzhi 有志 , Li 李 Feng 峰 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the issue of finite-time state estimation in coupled neural networks under random mixed cyberattacks, in which the Markov process is used to model the mixed cyberattacks. To optimize the utilization of channel resources, a decentralized event-triggered mechanism is adopted during the information transmission. By establishing the augmentation system and constructing the Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions are obtained for the system to be finite-time bounded and satisfy the H
∞ performance index. Then, under these conditions, a suitable state estimator gain is obtained. Finally, the feasibility of the method is verified by a given illustrative example.
Light emission from multiple self-trapped excitons in one-dimensional Ag-based ternary halides
Authors: Xie 颉 Jiahao 家豪 , Li 李 Zewei 泽唯 , Wang 王 Shengqiao 晟侨 , Zhang 张 Lijun 立军 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ternary metal halides based on Cu(I) and Ag(I) have attracted intensive attention in optoelectronic applications due to their excellent luminescent properties, low toxicity, and robust stability. While the self-trapped excitons (STEs) emission mechanisms of Cu(I) halides are well understood, the STEs in Ag(I) halides remain less thoroughly explored. This study explores the STE emission efficiency within the A
2AgX
3 (A = Rb, Cs; X = Cl, Br, I) system by identifying three distinct STE states in each material and calculating their configuration coordinate diagrams. We find that the STE emission efficiency in this system is mainly determined by STE stability and influenced by self-trapping and quenching barriers. Moreover, we investigate the impact of structural compactness on emission efficiency and find that the excessive electron–phonon coupling in this system can be reduced by increasing the structural compactness. The atomic packing factor is identified as a low-cost and effective descriptor for predicting STE emission efficiency in both Cs2AgX
3 and Rb2AgX
3 systems. These findings can deepen our understanding of STE behavior in metal halide materials and offer valuable insights for the design of efficient STE luminescent materials. The datasets presented in this paper are openly available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.12094.