bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival of two dogs with pyothorax secondary to perforating oesophageal foreign body
Authors: Boyd C , Claus M , Hosgood G , Smart L 
Published: January 2017

Case reportTwo dogs with an oesophageal foreign body (FB) were diagnosed with secondary pyothorax at the time of presentation. One dog was managed with surgical FB removal, pleural lavage and thoracostomy tube placement. Following surgery, it was admitted to the intensive care unit for oxygen therapy, antimicrobial and analgesic administration, fluid therapy, thoracic drainage and enteral nutrition. The other dog was managed with endoscopic FB removal, thoracostomy tube placement with continuous suction, and similar aftercare in the intensive care unit. Both survived to discharge from hospital.ConclusionThis report details the treatment and survival of two dogs with secondary pyothorax associated with oesophageal FB, with successful management through supportive care, oesophageal rest and treatment of infection.
Interleukin‐8, interleukin‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α in sequential units of packed red blood cells collected from retired racing Greyhounds
Authors: Purcell SL , Claus M , Hosgood G , Smart L 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundWe hypothesised that concentrations of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) would increase during storage in the third sequential unit (U3) of canine packed red blood cells (PRBC) collected from terminal donors in haemorrhagic shock. We further hypothesised that leucoreduction would prevent cytokine accumulation in U3 and that cytokine concentrations in U3 would be higher than in the first units (U1) collected from the same dogs.Methods
U1 and U3 were each collected from 12 anaesthetised healthy Greyhounds. Removal of leucocytes from half of each PRBC unit produced one leucoreduced (LR) and one non‐leucoreduced (NLR) unit. Canine IL‐8, IL‐1β and TNF‐α concentrations were measured in samples collected from the units during storage on days 0, 10, 20, 30 and 37.ResultsThe IL‐8 concentration in U3 NLR units was significantly higher on days 10, 20, 30 and 37 than on day 0 and was significantly higher than in the LR units at all time points. The IL‐1β concentration in U3 did not change over time, or between LR and NLR units. TNF‐α was not detected in any unit. There were no significant differences in IL‐8 or IL‐1β concentrations between U3 and U1 at any time point; however, some NLR U3 units had markedly elevated IL‐8 concentrations at day 37 (2060–20,682 pg/mL) compared with NLR U1 units (3369–5280 pg/mL).Conclusion
NLR U3 units collected from dogs in haemorrhagic shock showed a significant increase in IL‐8 concentrations during storage. Leucoreduction was effective at preventing the accumulation of IL‐8. There was no difference detected between U3 and U1.
Silence, voice, and “other languages”: Digital storytelling as a site for resistance and restoration in a South African higher education classroom
Authors: Stewart Kristian D. , Ivala Eunice 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn order to investigate the composing practices of digital storytellers in a South African context, a qualitative case study, set within a university of technology in South Africa and framed by literature stemming from the disciplines of digital storytelling and composition and rhetoric, was implemented as part of a larger dissertation project initiated in 2014. This study spanned a year and included participant observation and the collection of interviews as primary methods of investigation. Findings linked digital storytelling to creating a liberating classroom space where students could redefine themselves outside of historicized representations. Within a digital storytelling praxis, the story circle component has proven to be an effective means to engage students in both a reflective and critical engagement of their own writing practices, highlighting the synergy between the spoken word, process‐based writing, and digital formats for composing. However, questions remain surrounding the ethical practice of digital storytelling in classrooms especially when students share personal stories and those stories are both publicly consumed and graded. Implications for practice cover themes relating to the integration of technology that supports the democratization of varied voices in the public sphere, which is particularly important in post‐conflict zone environments like South Africa.
Incremental impact of time on students' use of E‐learning via Facebook
Authors: Moghavvemi Sedigheh , Salarzadeh Janatabadi Hashem 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe majority of studies utilised the cross‐sectional method to measure students' intention to learn and investigate their corresponding learning behaviours. Only a few studies have measured the process of change in students' learning behaviour in the context of time. The main purpose of this study is to determine the effects of using a Facebook group as an e‐Learning tool based on students' longitudinal perceptions to address the aforementioned literature gap. We surveyed 170 students in a business statistics course. We also measured changes that occurred in the students' intention to use and use of e‐Learning at three different stages. The model was tested at the beginning, middle and end of the semester using structural equation modelling. The results show that students' perceptions when using e‐Learning via Facebook changed when they interacted and explored the system. Students were more familiar with the usability of the Facebook group after learning for a few weeks, and their intention to use and use of e‐Learning via Facebook subsequently increased. The results indicated that social network sites such as Facebook can be used as complementary tools to expose students to course‐related links and documents, which will create extra time for learning, when they plan to spend time on Social network sites (Facebook) and interact and communicate with friends.
852. KEWA ACIDA
Authors: Christenhusz Maarten J. M. , Clubbe Colin , Hilgenhof Rebecca , Fay Michael F. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryRecent studies showed that a group of Hypertelis species was neither related to the type of that genus or to other members of Molluginaceae. As a result, these species were segregated as a new genus in its own family, Kewaceae. The St Helenan endemic Kewa acida (Hook.) Christenh. is illustrated here and its relationships, status, cultivation and conservation are discussed.
Safety and efficacy of IDegLira titrated once weekly versus twice weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on oral antidiabetic drugs: DUAL VI randomized clinical trial
Authors: Harris Stewart B. , Kocsis Győző , Prager Rudolf , Ridge Terry , Chandarana Keval , Halladin Natalie , Jabbour Serge 
Published: January 2017

AimsTo compare the safety and efficacy of a simpler titration algorithm for insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) with that used in previous DUAL trials in insulin‐naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsThis 32‐week, open‐label, non‐inferiority trial randomized adults with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on metformin ± pioglitazone to receive IDegLira, titrated either once weekly, based on the mean of 2 pre‐breakfast plasma glucose (PG) readings (n = 210), or twice weekly, based on the mean of 3 pre‐breakfast PG readings (n = 210).ResultsMean HbA1c decreased from 8.2% (65 mmol/mol) to 6.1% (43 mmol/mol) with once‐weekly titration and from 8.1% (65 mmol/mol) to 6.0% (42 mmol/mol) with twice‐weekly titration; non‐inferiority was confirmed (estimated treatment difference: 0.12% [−0.04; 0.28]95%
CI
, 1.30 mmol/mol [−0.41; 3.01]95%
CI
). Approximately 90% of patients achieved HbA1c < 7% in each arm. Mean fasting PG was similar after 32 weeks. Weight change was −1.0 kg vs −2.0 kg for once‐weekly vs twice‐weekly titration. Rates of severe or blood glucose‐confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia were low in both arms: 0.16 events/patient‐year of exposure (PYE) for once‐weekly, 0.76 events/PYE for twice‐weekly titration. Mean IDegLira dose at 32 weeks was 41 dose steps (41 U IDeg/1.48 mg Lira) for both arms. Overall adverse event rates were 207.8 and 241.3 events/100 PYE with once‐weekly and twice‐weekly titration, respectively.ConclusionA pragmatic titration algorithm with once‐weekly adjustments based on 2 PG readings resulted in a safety and glycaemic efficacy profile similar to that with twice‐weekly adjustments based on 3 preceding PG values in insulin‐naïve patients.
Evaluating potential competitive bottlenecks between invasive common carp and native bluegill and yellow perch
Authors: Weber Michael J. , Brown Michael L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractProcesses influencing fish recruitment are often highly complex and inherently difficult to understand. Invasive species may complicate recruitment through habitat and food web modifications resulting in competitive bottlenecks. Common carp Cyprinus carpio have been distributed worldwide, and their introductions have resulted in destructive effects on aquatic ecosystems and food web dynamics. Common carp are highly fecund, and high densities of age‐0 carp may occur in some years that may reduce invertebrate prey resources and adversely affect native age‐0 fishes. We used enclosures and field observations to examine potential effects of age‐0 common carp on growth and survival of age‐0 yellow perch Perca flavescens and bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. Yellow perch and bluegill were stocked into enclosures with and without common carp (31 fish/m3) using a substitution experimental design, and fish growth and survival and invertebrate prey resources were assessed. Common carp reduced growth of yellow perch but not bluegill and did not affect survival of either species in mesocosms. Next, we used patterns of common carp, bluegill, and yellow perch abundance and total length across 38 lake‐years to evaluate potential interspecific interactions in natural systems. Age‐0 common carp abundance was not negatively related to size or abundance of bluegill or yellow perch. However, adult common carp and age‐0 yellow perch abundance were inversely related, suggesting a potential competitive bottleneck. Thus, age‐0 common carp may suppress growth of yellow perch when prey is limited, but adult common carp may have larger effects than early life stages on native juvenile fishes.
Rates of criminal victimization in an early intervention for psychosis service ‐ a cross sectional survey
Authors: Jones Rowena , Banbury Luke 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThere is a growing body of research looking into the high rates of victimization amongst people with severe mental illness. Studies to date have tended to look at victimization rates in people with chronic mental illness over a wide age range. However, national crime surveys indicate that younger people are more likely to be the victim of crime than older people. There is also evidence that people from ethnic minorities are more likely to experience and less likely to report criminal victimization. This study therefore aimed to look at victimization rates specifically in young people with first episode psychosis (FEP) in Birmingham, one of the most youthful and ethnically diverse cities in the UK.MethodsPatients with FEP under the South Birmingham Early Intervention Service were asked to complete a modified version of the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW). Data was compared to control‐group data from the CSEW 2014.ResultsPatients with FEP were significantly more likely to be victims of crime, in particular violent crime, than their age‐matched counterparts. The overall victimization rate was 39%. Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) groups were more likely to be victims of personal and violent crime than the white FEP population. Victimization rates were broadly in keeping with other UK and international studies.ConclusionsYoung people with FEP, particularly those from BME backgrounds, are at significantly greater risk of victimhood than the general population of the West Midlands.
Correlation of Pipe Ring Notched Bend (PRNB) specimen and Single Edge Notch Bend (SENB) specimen in determination of fracture toughness of pipe material
Authors: Damjanović D. , Kozak D. , Matvienko Y. , Gubeljak N. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIt is well known that pipes or tubes due to their geometry are not suitable for producing standard specimens for fracture toughness testing (e. g. Single Edge Notched Bend (SENB) specimens or Compact Tension specimens. This is especially evident in thin walled pipes or tubes. We propose a new type of specimen, called Pipe Ring Notched Bend (PRNB) specimen, which is ideal for pipes or tubes due to its ring geometry. In the recent years, the authors have made a lot of research on this type of specimen, but cut out from a plate, not from pipes, where some imperfections in the geometry, material, residual stresses, etc. are present. Within this paper, two PRNB specimens (designations PRNB1 and PRNB2) are cut out from pipe which is used in boilers and made from 16Mo3 steel. From the same pipe, four SENB specimens (designations SENB1, SENB2, SENB3 and SENB4) are also made in order to compare the fracture behaviour of standard SENB and newly proposed PRNB specimens.
Calculation of the crack tip parameters in the holed‐cracked flattened Brazilian disk (HCFBD) specimens under wide range of mixed mode I/II loading
Authors: Akbardoost J. , Ghadirian H. R. , Sangsefidi M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the crack tip parameters including the stress intensity factors (KI and KII), T‐stress and the third terms of the stress field (A3 and B3) are determined comprehensively for a disk‐type sample named holed‐cracked flattened Brazilian disk (HCFBD) under various combinations of mode I and mode II loading. The HCFBD specimen is a circular disk containing a central hole in which the initial cracks are created radially from the hole circumference. Moreover, the ends of HCFBD are flattened for the sake of convenient loading. Performing enormous finite element analyses and calculating the stress intensity factors KI and KII, the states of pure mode II are determined for different configurations of HCFBD. Furthermore, the sign and magnitude of parameter A3 which plays an important role to justify the geometry and size effects on the fracture toughness of quasi‐brittle materials are also determined for HCFBD with different geometrical ratios.
Effect of intermetallic particles and grain boundaries on short fatigue crack growth behaviour in a cast Al–4Cu–3Ni–0.7Si piston alloy
Authors: Mbuya T. O. , Gu Y. , Thomson R. C. , Reed P. A. S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe short fatigue crack growth behaviour in a model cast aluminium piston alloy has been investigated. This has been achieved using a combination of fatigue crack replication methods at various intervals during fatigue testing and post‐mortem analysis of crack profiles. Crack–microstructure interactions have been clearly delineated using a combination of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. Results show that intermetallic particles play a significant role in determining the crack path and growth rate of short fatigue cracks. It is observed that the growth of short cracks is often retarded or even arrested at intermetallic particles and grain boundaries. Crack deflection at intermetallics and grain boundaries is also frequently observed. These results have been compared with the long crack growth behaviour of the alloy.
Is it possible to differentiate between environmental and fishery effects on abundance‐biomass variation? A case study of blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) in the Strait of Gibraltar
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Estrada Juan Carlos , Gil‐Herrera Juan , Pulido‐Calvo Inmaculada , Czerwinski Ivone Alejandra 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe assessed the potential for simulation and modelling of the blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) population in the Strait of Gibraltar to discriminate the environmental effects of fishery impacts. A discrete biomass–abundance dynamic model was implemented to obtain a simulated monthly time series of blackspot seabream biomass. On this simulated time series, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were fitted. The best ARIMA fit provided a significant correlation of 0.76 and persistence index higher than 0.85. The proportion of variance non‐explained by the ARIMA models was correlated with a time series of sea surface temperature (SST) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The analysis of global, annual and winter correlation between the proportion of variance not explained by the ARIMA models and environmental variables showed that significant associations were not detected over the full time series. Our analysis therefore suggests that overexploitation is the main factor responsible for the commercial depletion of blackspot seabream in the Strait of Gibraltar.
Femoral muscle mass relates to physical frailty components in community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Takahashi Tetsuya , Sugie Masamitsu , Nara Marina , Koyama Teruyuki , Obuchi Shuichi P , Harada Kazumasa , Kyo Syunei , Ito Hideki 
Published: January 2017

AimTo examine the relationship between lower limb muscle (femoral muscle, calf muscle) mass and exercise capacity, and frailty components in community‐dwelling older people.MethodsParticipants included 121 community‐dwelling individuals. There were 42 men and 79 women, and the mean age was 77.7 years (range 56–97 years). Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was determined using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and the skeletal muscle index was calculated using the following formula: appendicular skeletal muscle / body height2. Femoral muscle mass and calf muscle mass were determined, respectively, by dividing the femoral bone and tibial bone at the knee joint space. A symptom‐limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing was carried out and peak oxygen uptake was measured. Functional exercise performance was evaluated using the handgrip strength measurement, comfortable walking speed, and the Timed Up and Go test. All patients gave written, informed consent before data collection.ResultsPeak oxygen uptake correlated positively with the skeletal muscle index (r = 0.491). Only femoral muscle mass that was corrected with the whole body muscle mass was positively correlated with peak oxygen uptake (r = 0.473), handgrip strength (r = 0.382), comfortable walking speed (r = 0.427), and the Timed Up and Go test (r = 0.379). Calf muscle mass that was corrected with the whole‐body muscle mass showed no correlation with exercise capacity and frailty components. A similar tendency was observed in both men and women.ConclusionsFemoral muscle mass influenced exercise capacity and physical frail components compared with calf muscle mass. These results suggest the importance of the femoral muscle in physical frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1636–1641.
The use of educational video to promote maternal self‐efficacy in preventing early childhood diarrhoea
Authors: Joventino Emanuella Silva , Ximenes Lorena Barbosa , da Penha Jardeliny Corrêa , Andrade Lucilande Cordeiro de Oliveira , de Almeida Paulo César 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDiarrhoea is responsible for high rates of infant morbidity and mortality. It is multifactorial, manifested by socioeconomic, hygienic, and maternal factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of an educational video on maternal self‐efficacy for the prevention of childhood diarrhoea. This was a randomized trial conducted in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Participants were 2 groups (comparison and intervention), composed of mothers of children under 5 years of age. Group membership was allocated by cluster randomization. Outcomes were maternal self‐efficacy measured using the Maternal Self‐efficacy Scale for Prevention of Early Childhood Diarrhoea; outcome data collectors were blinded to group allocation. Ninety participants were randomized to each group; 83 intervention group and 80 comparison group members were contained in the final analysis. Maternal self‐efficacy in preventing childhood diarrhoea increased in both groups, but average scores of the intervention group were higher at all time than those of the comparison group. The educational video had a significant effect on maternal self‐efficacy.
At the Source of European Solidarity: Assessing the Effects of Cross‐border Practices and Political Attitudes
Authors: Ciornei Irina , Recchi Ettore 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this article we discuss the concept of European solidarity by distinguishing between transnational and international solidarity. The former refers to support for institutional arrangements aimed at sharing economic risks at the individual level, while the latter entails public agreement to share economic risks at the Member State level. We explore the joint role of cross‐border interactions and political attitudes in fostering solidarity ties among Europeans through multilevel modelling based on the 2012 Eurobarometer 77 survey. The article shows that transnational experiences do not have the same effect on different forms of European solidarity, limiting transnational and enhancing international solidarity. Egalitarian individuals are more prone to EU‐wide solidarity, with cross‐border practices affecting their level of solidarity, while not altering those of the rest of the population. In particular, we find that cross‐border practices make egalitarians more inclined to international and less to transnational solidarity.
Rapid determination of 15 metallic elements in 2 kinds of coix seeds by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry after closed‐vessel microwave digestion
Authors: Zhang Lei , Nie Xu Yuan , Le Tao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper presents an optimal method and verification process for measuring contents of 15 metal elements (boron, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, tin, antimony, and lead) in two kinds of coix seeds with microwave digestion‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. The results showed that microwave digestion‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry was a simple and convenient method, which can accurately determine contents of 15 metal elements in coix seed, with detection limit ranging within 0.0016–7.02 mg/L, and recovery rate varying within 96.00–104.87%. National primary standard substance‐green onions (GBW10049 GSB‐27) were adopted to verify accuracy and precision of such method. The two tested coix seeds (Xingren smaller coix seed and Yunnan bigger coix seed) both contain Mn, Zn, Ca, Mg, Fe in high content, wherein the Xingren smaller coix seed is richer in Al, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Mg as compared to Yunnan bigger coix seed. Contents of heavy metals such as Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Sn, and Sb are in line with GB 2762‐2012 of “limits of contaminants in foods.” This method which can simultaneously determining 15 essential and nonessential elements in coix seed enjoys an acceptable analytical performance and is applicable for routine laboratory testing.Practical applicationsThis paper studies a new method for simultaneous analysis and detection of 15 metal elements in coix seed with microwave digestion‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. The method features rapid analysis speed and wide linear range. After one‐time sample digestion, 15 elements in coix seed can be determined simultaneously with high accuracy and sensitivity.