bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Not committing has its advantages: facilitating children's comprehension of object filler–gap dependencies is one of them
Authors: BENTEA ANAMARIA , DURRLEMAN STEPHANIE 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo studies assess French-speaking children's comprehension of object filler–gap dependencies, with the goal of investigating whether the degree of specificity/set-restriction of the fronted object or the intervening subject modulates comprehension. We tease apart the predictions of various accounts attributing children's difficulties to (i) similarities between the object and the intervening subject (Gordonet al., 2001, 2004), particularly when both constituents share a structural +NP feature (Friedmannet al., 2009); (ii) increased processing cost determined by an operation of set-restriction (Goodluck 2010); and (iii) the tendency to incrementally interpret sentences and the subsequent difficulty in revising an early commitment to an agent/subject-first analysis (Trueswellet al., 1999). Our results support the incremental processing view as they reveal that only a less specific fronted object, but not a less specific intervener, enhances comprehension. This suggests that referentially ambiguous objects alleviate children from an erroneous initial interpretive commitment to an agent/subject-first structure.
Perennial grain on a Midwest Alfisol shows no sign of early soil carbon gain
Authors: Sprunger Christine D. , Culman Steve W. , Robertson G. Philip , Snapp Sieglinde S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPerennial grain crops are expected to sequester soil carbon (C) and improve soil health due to their large and extensive root systems. To examine the rate of initial soil C accumulation in a perennial grain crop, we compared soil under perennial intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) with that under annual winter wheat 4 years after the crops were first planted. In addition, we tested the effect of three nitrogen (N) sources on C pools: Low available N (Low N (Organic N); 90 kg N ha−1 poultry litter), moderately available N (Mid N; 90 kg N ha−1 urea) and high available N (High N; 135 kg N ha−1 urea). We measured aboveground C (grain + straw), and coarse and fine root C to a depth of 1 m. Particulate organic matter (POM-C), fractionated by size, was used to indicate labile and more stabilized soil C pools. At harvest, IWG had 1.9 times more straw C and up to 15 times more root C compared with wheat. There were no differences in the size of the large (6 mm–250 µm) or medium (250–53 µm) POM-C fractions between wheat and IWG (P > 0.05) in surface horizons (0–10 cm). Large POM-C under IWG ranged from 3.6 ± 0.3 to 4.0 ± 0.7 g C kg soil−1 across the three N rates, similar to wheat under which large POM-C ranged from 3.6 ± 1.4 to 4.7 ± 0.7 g C kg soil−1. Averaged across N level, medium POM-C was 11.1 ± 0.8 and 11.3 ± 0.7 g C kg soil−1 for IWG and wheat, respectively. Despite IWG's greater above and belowground biomass (to 70 cm), POM-C fractions in IWG and wheat were similar. Post-hoc power analysis revealed that in order to detect differences in the labile C pool at 0–10 cm with an acceptable power (~80%) a 15% difference would be required between wheat and IWG. This demonstrates that on sandy soils with low cation exchange capacity, perennial IWG will need to be in place for longer than 4 years in order to detect an accumulated soil C difference > 15%.
Prevalence of polymorphisms in OPG, RANKL and RANK as potential markers for Charcot arthropathy development
Authors: Bruhn-Olszewska Bożena , Korzon-Burakowska Anna , Węgrzyn Grzegorz , Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka Joanna 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCharcot arthropathy is one of the most serious complications of diabetic foot syndrome that leads to amputation of the affected limb. Since there is no cure for Charcot arthropathy, early diagnosis and implementation preventive care are the best available treatment. However, diagnosis is hindered by obscure clinical picture of the disease and lack of molecular markers for its early detection. Results of recent research suggest that OPG-RANKL-RANK axis regulating bone metabolism can be associated with Charcot arthropathy and that SNPs in OPG gene are associated with the disease. Here we report the results of comprehensive analysis of ten SNPs in OPG, RANKL and RANK genes in 260 subjects divided into diabetes, neuropathy and Charcot arthropathy groups. Besides genotype analysis we performed linkage disequilibrium and hierarchical clustering to obtain information about correlation between SNPs. Our results show that OPG 245T/G (rs3134069) and OPG 1217C/T (rs3102734) polymorphisms co-occur in patients with Charcot arthropathy (r2 = 0.99). Moreover, hierarchical clustering revealed a characteristic profile of all SNPs in Charcot arthropathy and neuropathy, which is distinct from control group. Our results suggest that analysis of multiple SNPs can be used as potential marker of Charcot arthropathy and provide insight into possible molecular mechanisms of its development.
Voltage control of magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial Ru/Co2FeAl/MgO heterostructures
Authors: Wen Zhenchao , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Seki Takeshi , Kubota Takahide , Takanashi Koki , Mitani Seiji 
Published: March 2017

AbstractVoltage control of magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) in magnetic heterostructures is a key technology for achieving energy-efficiency electronic devices with ultralow power consumption. Here, we report the first demonstration of the VCMA effect in novel epitaxial Ru/Co2FeAl(CFA)/MgO heterostructures with interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Perpendicularly magnetized tunnel junctions with the structure of Ru/CFA/MgO were fabricated and exhibited an effective voltage control on switching fields for the CFA free layer. Large VCMA coefficients of 108 and 139 fJ/Vm for the CFA film were achieved at room temperature and 4 K, respectively. The interfacial stability in the heterostructure was confirmed by repeating measurements. Temperature dependences of both the interfacial PMA and the VCMA effect were also investigated. It is found that the temperature dependences follow power laws of the saturation magnetization with an exponent of ~2, where the latter is definitely weaker than that of conventional Ta/CoFeB/MgO. The significant VCMA effect observed in this work indicates that the Ru/CFA/MgO heterostructure could be one of the promising candidates for spintronic devices with voltage control.
Visible light focusing flat lenses based on hybrid dielectric-metal metasurface reflector-arrays
Authors: Fan Qingbin , Huo Pengcheng , Wang Daopeng , Liang Yuzhang , Yan Feng , Xu Ting 
Published: March 2017

AbstractConventional metasurface reflector-arrays based on metallic resonant nanoantenna to control the wavefront of light for focusing always suffer from strong ohmic loss at optical frequencies. Here, we overcome this challenge by constructing a non-resonant, hybrid dielectric-metal configuration consisting of TiO2 nanofins associated with an Ag reflector substrate that provides a broadband response and high polarization conversion efficiency in the visible range. A reflective flat lens based on this configuration shows an excellent focusing performance with the spot size close to the diffraction limit. Furthermore, by employing the superimposed phase distribution design to manipulate the wavefront of the reflected light, various functionalities, such as multifocal and achromatic focusing, are demonstrated for the flat lenses. Such a reflective flat lens will find various applications in visible light imaging and sensing systems.
Janus-faced Acrolein prevents allergy but accelerates tumor growth by promoting immunoregulatory Foxp3+ cells: Mouse model for passive respiratory exposure
Authors: Roth-Walter Franziska , Bergmayr Cornelia , Meitz Sarah , Buchleitner Stefan , Stremnitzer Caroline , Fazekas Judit , Moskovskich Anna , Müller Mario A. , Roth Georg A. , Manzano-Szalai Krisztina , Dvorak Zdenek , Neunkirchner Alina , Jensen-Jarolim Erika 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAcrolein, a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde, is generated in large amounts during smoking and is best known for its genotoxic capacity. Here, we aimed to assess whether acrolein at concentrations relevant for smokers may also exert immunomodulatory effects that could be relevant in allergy or cancer. In a BALB/c allergy model repeated nasal exposure to acrolein abrogated allergen-specific antibody and cytokine formation, and led to a relative accumulation of regulatory T cells in the lungs. Only the acrolein-treated mice were protected from bronchial hyperreactivity as well as from anaphylactic reactions upon challenge with the specific allergen. Moreover, grafted D2F2 tumor cells grew faster and intratumoral Foxp3+ cell accumulation was observed in these mice compared to sham-treated controls. Results from reporter cell lines suggested that acrolein acts via the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor which could be inhibited by resveratrol and 3′-methoxy-4′-nitroflavone Acrolein- stimulation of human PBMCs increased Foxp3+ expression by T cells which could be antagonized by resveratrol. Our mouse and human data thus revealed that acrolein exerts systemic immunosuppression by promoting Foxp3+ regulatory cells. This provides a novel explanation why smokers have a lower allergy, but higher cancer risk.
Topology Optimisation of Wideband Coaxial-to-Waveguide Transitions
Authors: Hassan Emadeldeen , Noreland Daniel , Wadbro Eddie , Berggren Martin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo maximize the matching between a coaxial cable and rectangular waveguides, we present a computational topology optimisation approach that decides for each point in a given domain whether to hold a good conductor or a good dielectric. The conductivity is determined by a gradient-based optimisation method that relies on finite-difference time-domain solutions to the 3D Maxwell’s equations. Unlike previously reported results in the literature for this kind of problems, our design algorithm can efficiently handle tens of thousands of design variables that can allow novel conceptual waveguide designs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach by presenting optimised transitions with reflection coefficients lower than −15 dB over more than a 60% bandwidth, both for right-angle and end-launcher configurations. The performance of the proposed transitions is cross-verified with a commercial software, and one design case is validated experimentally.
Global preamplification simplifies targeted mRNA quantification
Authors: Kroneis Thomas , Jonasson Emma , Andersson Daniel , Dolatabadi Soheila , Ståhlberg Anders 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe need to perform gene expression profiling using next generation sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) on small sample sizes and single cells is rapidly expanding. However, to analyse few molecules, preamplification is required. Here, we studied global and target-specific preamplification using 96 optimised qPCR assays. To evaluate the preamplification strategies, we monitored the reactions in real-time using SYBR Green I detection chemistry followed by melting curve analysis. Next, we compared yield and reproducibility of global preamplification to that of target-specific preamplification by qPCR using the same amount of total RNA. Global preamplification generated 9.3-fold lower yield and 1.6-fold lower reproducibility than target-specific preamplification. However, the performance of global preamplification is sufficient for most downstream applications and offers several advantages over target-specific preamplification. To demonstrate the potential of global preamplification we analysed the expression of 15 genes in 60 single cells. In conclusion, we show that global preamplification simplifies targeted gene expression profiling of small sample sizes by a flexible workflow. We outline the pros and cons for global preamplification compared to target-specific preamplification.
Nanostructure evolution of as‐cast magnesium alloy induced by ultrasonic impacting and rolling
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Yanjun , Zhao Xiaohui 
Published: March 2017

The surface nanostructure evolution of as‐cast AZ31B magnesium alloy subjected to ultrasonic impacting and rolling process was investigated. Results show that deformation twinning greatly emerges in early stage to coordinate with deformation. As strain increases, interactions between twin and dislocation and dislocation itself occur. Dynamic recrystallisation is induced with nucleation sites originating from grain boundary intersections with serious dislocation pile‐up. Larger β‐particles serve as nucleation sites of dislocation sources and small‐sized substructures. With further refinement, β‐particles get smaller and unevenly distributed, yet a number of particles approximately locating in line can still intercept dislocations, making them turn into sub‐boundaries. The final grains with high angle boundaries are refined to 150–200 nm compared with the initial size of ∼500 μm.
Tradition and Innovation
Authors: Pollmann Karla 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This chapter examines the notion of early Christian literature as an amalgamation of old and new forms and concepts. This chimes with the modern definition of literary genres as open systems with fluid boundaries, consisting of a set of characteristics which can overlap; thus, one work can potentially be classified under more than just one literary genre. The principles advocated in modern literary theory, especially ‘family resemblance’ and participation instead of essentialism, are useful to accommodate historical changes of a literary genre, as well as the formation of hybrid genres for which both the Hellenistic Age and Late Antiquity are famous. The chapter concludes that the cultural transfer achieved by early Christian writers is as much about remembering as about forgetting the past in order to free capacity for a new world-view.
Reappropriation and Disavowal
Authors: Pollmann Karla 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Two rivalling traditions constituted the self-awareness of Christian intellectuals up to the sixth century: (1) the (originally pagan) tradition of education and knowledge as represented by the liberal arts; (2) a Christian tradition of prophetical truth as conveyed by the Scriptures which surpasses all human knowledge. This is illustrated by Cassiodorus and Venantius Fortunatus, two representative figures of the sixth century, a time when classical education threatened to perish. The chapter concludes that in the sixth century there is no uniform response to the feeling of political, social, cultural, and intellectual crises. While either continuity or discontinuity with the past authorities could be claimed, eventually both tendencies converge in order to create a Christian self-awareness and cultural identity that is satisfied by its own horizon as the new and only norm, resting on canonical authority.
Jesus Christ and Dionysus
Authors: Pollmann Karla 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The cento Christus patiens takes about one-third of its c.2,600 iambic trimeters from tragedies by Euripides, telling in dramatic form the story of Christ’s Passion, death, and resurrection. This chapter argues that for metrical and lexical reasons the cento’s much disputed authorship has to be decided against Gregory of Nazianzus and in favour of a twelfth-century Byzantine author. An analysis of the adaptation of the Euripidean verses demonstrates the cento not to be viewed as mere learned play. The aim of this centonic transformation is to reveal the true, hidden sense of the famous pagan original, by employing various different modes of transferral and alteration, which confirms the findings in Chapter 4. The chapter’s groundbreaking contribution consists in elaborating the cento’s ultimate and highly original goal to contrast the vindictive pagan destroyer Dionysus with the merciful redeemer Jesus Christ in this Christian anti-tragedy with its new and different world-view.
Introduction
Authors: O’Rourke Kevin Hjortshøj , Williamson Jeffrey Gale 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The fact that modern industry originated in Britain, and spread initially to Northwest Europe and North America, implied a dramatic divergence in living standards between the industrial ‘West’ and a non-industrial ‘Rest’. This industrial divergence is visibly unravelling today, as Third World economies converge industrially on the rich economies of Europe and North America. This phenomenon has been the subject of much research. Less appreciated, however, are the deep historical roots of this convergence, and in particular of the spread of modern industry to the global periphery. This chapter provides an introduction to the book, which fills this gap by providing a systematic, comparative, historical account of the spread of modern manufacturing beyond its traditional heartland to what we call the poor periphery. The chapter highlights the roles of factor endowments, the international context, luck, and economic policy in determining the timing and extent of manufacturing growth.
Industrialization and De-industrialization in Southeast Europe, 1870–2010
Authors: Kopsidis Michael , Ivanov Martin 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Industrial growth in Southeast Europe took off only after the Second World War, even though modern manufacturing had started at the very end of the nineteenth century. This chapter shows that before 1945 the Balkans had already undergone fundamental modernization, making rapid industrialization possible after the Second World War. Furthermore, the industrial take-off during 1950–75 occurred under very different economic systems. By the mid-1970s, all Southeast European countries seemed to be on the way to becoming mature, diversified industrial economies. However, quite the opposite occurred. Modern manufacturing across Southeast Europe plunged into crisis, which became full de-industrialization during the 1990s. Finally, the chapter offers an explanation for why all industrialization efforts in the region ultimately failed, based on the interaction between endogenous factors, such as wrong strategic decisions taken by domestic elites, and exogenous factors, such as adverse global developments.
Spin liquids and frustrated magnetism
Authors: Chalker John T. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Two important markers in the history of research on spin liquids and frustrated magnetism are Anderson’s suggestion, over 40 years ago, of the resonating valence bond state as an alternative to Néel order and Ramirez’ influential review, some 20 years ago, of strongly frustrated magnets. There has been a tremendous amount of progress since then, but much remains to be done, especially in identifying experimental examples of spin liquids and understanding their properties. These lecture notes aim to provide an introduction to the field that links understanding of the classical statistical physics of these systems with approaches to their quantum mechanics.
Fractional Abelian topological phases of matter for fermions in two-dimensional space
Authors: Mudry Christopher 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
These lecture notes start by revisiting the definition of non-interacting topological phases of matter for fermions, placing some of the recurrent concepts that arise in other presentations at the Les Houches school on a time line beginning in 1931. They then focus exclusively on two-dimensional realizations of fractional topological insulators. The tenfold way for non-interacting fermions in the presence of local interactions and static local disorder is rederived. Attention is then turned to determining whether interactions between fermions can produce topological phases of matter with protected boundary states that are not captured by the tenfold way.
Imaging the complex geometry of a magma reservoir using FEM-based linear inverse modeling of InSAR data: application to Rabaul Caldera, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Ronchin Erika , Masterlark Timothy , Dawson John , Saunders Steve , Martì Molist Joan 
Published: March 2017

SummaryWe test an innovative inversion scheme using Green's functions from an array of pressure sources embedded in finite-element method (FEM) models to image, without assuming an a-priori geometry, the composite and complex shape of a volcano deformation source. We invert interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data to estimate the pressurization and shape of the magma reservoir of Rabaul caldera, Papua New Guinea. The results image the extended shallow magmatic system responsible for a broad and long-term subsidence of the caldera between 2007 February and 2010 December. Elastic FEM solutions are integrated into the regularized linear inversion of InSAR data of volcano surface displacements in order to obtain a 3-D image of the source of deformation. The Green's function matrix is constructed from a library of forward line-of-sight displacement solutions for a grid of cubic elementary deformation sources. Each source is sequentially generated by removing the corresponding cubic elements from a common meshed domain and simulating the injection of a fluid mass flux into the cavity, which results in a pressurization and volumetric change of the fluid-filled cavity. The use of a single mesh for the generation of all FEM models avoids the computationally expensive process of non-linear inversion and remeshing a variable geometry domain. Without assuming an a-priori source geometry other than the configuration of the 3-D grid that generates the library of Green's functions, the geodetic data dictate the geometry of the magma reservoir as a 3-D distribution of pressure (or flux of magma) within the source array. The inversion of InSAR data of Rabaul caldera shows a distribution of interconnected sources forming an amorphous, shallow magmatic system elongated under two opposite sides of the caldera. The marginal areas at the sides of the imaged magmatic system are the possible feeding reservoirs of the ongoing Tavurvur volcano eruption of andesitic products on the east side and of the past Vulcan volcano eruptions of more evolved materials on the west side. The interconnection and spatial distributions of sources correspond to the petrography of the volcanic products described in the literature and to the dynamics of the single and twin eruptions that characterize the caldera. The ability to image the complex geometry of deformation sources in both space and time can improve our ability to monitor active volcanoes, widen our understanding of the dynamics of active volcanic systems and improve the predictions of eruptions.