bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal trajectories of metabolic and inflammatory markers in youth with emerging mood disorders
Authors: Shin Mirim , McKenna Sarah , Crouse Jacob J. , Phung Elizabeth , Zmicerevska Natalia , Nichles Alissa , Christine Song Yun Ju , Tonini Emiliana , Carpenter Joanne S. , Hickie Ian B. , Scott Elizabeth M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction is prevalent in middle-aged people with major mood disorders, but less is known about young people. We investigated the trajectories of sensitive metabolic (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance [HOMA2-IR]) and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP]) in 155 young people (26.9 ± 5.6 years) accessing mental health services. We examined demographic and clinical correlates, longitudinal trajectories and relationships with specific illness subtypes. Additionally, we compared the HOMA2-IR with fasting blood glucose (FBG) for sensitivity. We observed a significant increase in HOMA2-IR and CRP over time with higher baseline levels predicting greater increases, although the rate of increase diminished in those with higher baseline levels. Body mass index predicted increases in HOMA2-IR (p < 0.001), but not CRP (p = 0.135). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that higher HOMA2-IR levels were associated with 2.3-fold increased odds of the “circadian-bipolar spectrum” subtype (p = 0.033), while higher CRP levels were associated with a reduced risk of the “neurodevelopmental psychosis” subtype (p = 0.033). Standard FBG measures were insensitive in detecting early metabolic dysregulation in young people with depression. The study supports the use of more sensitive markers of metabolic dysfunction to address the longitudinal relationships between immune-metabolic dysregulation and mood disorders in young people.
The Legal Significance of Independent Research based on Article 40 DSA for the Management of Systemic Risks in the Digital Services Act
Authors: Liesenfeld Anna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As part of its risk management system, aiming at the mitigation of so-called systemic risks on very large online platforms and very large online search engines (VLOPSEs), the DSA introduces data access rights for independent researchers. With this instrument, the legislator hopes to enable the production of evidence concerning possible threats to society and democracy that might be linked to these platforms or search engines. After an overview of the functioning of the risk management system in the DSA that is characterised by a collaborative governance framework and a learning-based approach, the article will explore the role of the researchers inside this framework. It thereby focuses on the legal significance the researchers’ evidence could have for the risk mitigation obligations imposed on the VLOPSEs in the DSA by interpreting the provisions of the DSA.
The Economy–Security Nexus: Risk, Strategic Autonomy and the Regulation of the Semiconductor Supply Chain
Authors: Farrand Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The EU’s policies in the field of technology broadly defined are increasingly marked by a concern over strategic autonomy, and Europe’s place in the world. Regulatory interventions are framed in terms of “digital sovereignty,” with the Commission seeking to ensure that external dependencies are reduced with the aim of increasing the EU’s resilience to geopolitical instability and external shocks. Using the case study of semiconductors, the chips that power modern electronic devices, this article explores how technology policy in the EU sits at the economy–security nexus, in which economic goals and security goals are interdependent and inseparable. Focusing on the life cycle of the semiconductor supply chain from the control over natural resources through to the cybersecurity requirements placed on the finished products, this article demonstrates the increasing security logic embedded within a burgeoning industrial technology policy.
Postoperative wound care protocol prevents surgical site infection after craniotomy
Authors: Kovryga Kornick Mariya , Lee Eunjung , Wilhelm Lisa , White Janice , Cho Oh-Hyun , Paff Michelle , Hsu Frank P.K. , Chen Jefferson , Dickey Linda , Huang Susan S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground:Postoperative wound care after craniotomy is not standardized.Objective:Evaluate the impact of a standardized post-craniotomy wound care protocol on surgical site infection (SSI).Design and Setting:Prospective quasi-experimental single-center intervention cohort study involving adult patients undergoing craniotomy at a 461-bed academic medical center in Orange County, California from January 2019–March 2023 (intervention) compared to January 2017–December 2018 (baseline).Methods:A postoperative neurosurgical wound care protocol was developed involving chlorhexidine cloths to remove incisional clots and to clean the surgical incision and adjacent hair after craniotomy surgery. Protocol adherence was monitored by routine inpatient surveillance of wounds and photo-documentation for real-time feedback to surgeons and nursing staff. Impact of the intervention was assessed using multivariable regression models.Results:There were 3560 craniotomy surgeries and 62 (1.7%) SSIs; 1251 surgeries and 30 (2.4%) SSIs during baseline, and 2309 surgeries and 32 (1.4%) SSIs during intervention. Process evaluation after implementation found significant decreases in incisional clots, erythema, drainage, and unclean hair. In multivariable analysis, the intervention was associated with fewer SSI (odds ratio (OR): 0.5 (0.3, 0.9), P = 0.02).Conclusions:A standardized post-craniotomy wound care protocol involving cleaning of the incision and adjacent hair, including removal of incisional clots with chlorhexidine cloths was effective in reducing the risk of SSI.
Impacts of indoor masks wearing on air contamination during 10-minute speaking in patients with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant infection
Authors: Park Se Yoon , Kim Min-Chul , Kim Ji Yeun , Park Joung Ha , Bae Seongman , Chung Jin-Won , Yun Saerom , Sung Minki , Kim Sung-Han 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn 10-minute speaking, N95 respirators significantly decreased SARS-CoV-2 emissions compared with no-mask wearing. However, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the air even when wearing N95 and surgical masks in patients with high viral loads. Therefore, universal masking of infected and uninfected persons is important for preventing COVID-19 transmission via the air.
Antarctic ice-shelf meltwater outflows in satellite radar imagery: ground-truthing and basal channel observations
Authors: Hamann Jakob Stanley , Arney Thomas , Kirkham James David , Wachter Paul , Gohl Karsten 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ice shelves regulate the flow of the Antarctic ice sheet toward the ocean and its contribution to sea-level rise. Accurately monitoring the basal and surface melting of ice shelves is therefore essential for predicting the ice sheet's response to climatic warming. In this study, we utilize Sentinel-1A synthetic aperture radar satellite imagery combined with shipboard measurements of water temperature and salinity to investigate the presence of surficial meltwater plumes along the Antarctic coastline. Our approach reveals a strong correlation between areas of pronounced low radar backscatter extending from ice shelves and significant decreases in water temperature and salinity, suggesting meltwater-enriched ocean waters. We propose that the low radar backscatter signature of meltwater outflows is caused by stable stratification of the upper water column, driven by density contrasts from buoyant, low-salinity meltwater and surface current shear that reduce Bragg scattering waves. The resulting smooth water surfaces were observed adjacent to the surface expression of deep basal channels, documented in a helicopter survey along part of the Bellingshausen Sea ice edge. We present high-temporal resolution satellite radar as a tool for identifying meltwater release from beneath ice shelves, capable of all-weather, day-and-night imaging.
Revisiting the Chilean Road to Socialism
Authors: Lehoucq Fabrice 
Published: October 2024

This essay reviews the following works:
The Pinochet Generation: The Chilean Military in the Twentieth Century. By John R. Bawden. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2016. Pp. x + 304. US$29.95 paperback. ISBN: 978–0817319281.
La Unidad Popular y la revolución en Chile. By Mario Garcés. Santiago: LOM Ediciones, 2020. Pp. 340. CL$45,000 cloth. ISBN: 978–956–00–1382–8.
Pinochet desclasificado: Los archivos secretos de Estados Unidos sobre Chile. By Peter Kornbluh. Santiago: Catalonia, 2023. Pp. 529. CL$25,900 paperback. ISBN: 978–956–415–039–0.
Historia de la Unidad Popular: Tiempos de preparación: De los orígenes al 3 de septiembre de 1970, vol. 1. By Jorge Magasich Airola. Santiago: LOM Ediciones, 2020. Pp. 346. CL$20,000 paperback. ISBN: 978–956–00–1367–5.
Historia de la Unidad Popular: De la elección a la asunción: Los algidos 60 días del 4 de septiembre al 3 de noviembre de 1970, vol. 2. By Jorge Magasich Airola. Santiago: LOM Ediciones, 2020. Pp. 201. CL$14,400 paperback. ISBN: 978–956–00–1368–2.
Historia de la Unidad Popular: La primavera de la Unidad Popular, vol. 3. By Jorge Magasich Airola. Santiago: LOM Ediciones, 2023. Pp. 397. CL$42,000 paperback. ISBN: 978–956–00–1725–3.
Historia de la Unidad Popular: De tres a dos bloques, vol. 4. By Jorge Magasich Airola. Santiago: LOM Ediciones, 2023. Pp. 257. CL$42,000 paperback. ISBN: 978–956–00–1732–1.
El proceso populista: Momento, fenómeno, régimen: El caso de Chile que no fue: Chile (1932–73). By Claudio Riveros Ferrada. Raleigh, NC: Editorial A Contracorriente, 2018. Pp. xii + 364. US$30.00 paperback. ISBN: 978–0990919193.
A History of Chile 1808–2018, 3rd ed. By William F. Sater and Simon Collier. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. Pp. xviii + 560. US$120.00 cloth and US$39.99 paperback. ISBN: 978–1009170215.
Prepartum supplementation of dairy cows with inorganic selenium, organic selenium or rumen-protected choline does not affect carotenoid composition or colour characteristics of bovine colostrum or transition milk
Authors: McDermott Fionnuala , Shi Hao , Kennedy Emer , Hogan Sean A. , Brennan Lorraine , O'Callaghan Tom F. , Egan Michael , Nolan John M. , Prado-Cabrero Alfonso 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMinerals are supplemented routinely to dairy cows during the dry period to prevent metabolic issues postpartum. However, limited information exists on the impacts of mineral supplementation on colostrum carotenoids. This study aimed to determine the effects of prepartum supplementation with three micro-nutrients; inorganic selenium (INORG), organic selenium (ORG) or rumen-protected choline (RPC) on the carotenoid content of bovine colostrum and transition milk (TM) from pasture-based dairy cows. A total of 57 (12 primiparous and 45 multiparous) Holstein-Friesian (HF) and HF × Jersey (JEX) cows were supplemented daily for 49 ± 12.9 d before calving. Colostrum samples were collected from all cows immediately postpartum and TM one to five (TM1–TM5) were collected from a sub-set of 15 cows (five per treatment group) at each consecutive milking postpartum. Carotenoid concentration was determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography – diode array detection (UHPLC-DAD). With the use of transmittance, the colour index and colour parameters a*, b* and L* were used to determine colour variations over this period. Prepartum supplementation did not have a significant effect on colostrum β-carotene concentration or colour. Positive correlations between β-carotene and colour parameter b* (R2 = 0.671; P < 0.001) and β-carotene and colour index (R2 = 0.560; P < 0.001) were observed. Concentrations of β-carotene were highest in colostrum (1.34 μg/g) and decreased significantly with each milking postpartum (TM5 0.31 μg/g). Breed had a significant effect on colostrum colour with JEX animals producing a greater b* colostrum than HF animals (P = 0.030). Primiparous animals produced colostrum with the weakest colour compared to second or ≥third parity animals (P = 0.042). Despite statistical increases in the b* parameter in colostrum from JEX cows and multiparous cows, β-carotene concentrations did not significantly increase suggesting that other factors may influence colostrum colour. The b* parameter may be used as an indicator for estimating carotenoid concentrations in colostrum and TM, particularly when assessed via transmittance spectroscopy.
Patterns of abnormal activations in severe mental disorders a transdiagnostic data-driven meta-analysis of task-based fMRI studies
Authors: Boisvert Mélanie , Dugré Jules R. , Potvin Stéphane 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundStudies suggest severe mental disorders (SMDs), such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, are associated with common alterations in brain activity, albeit with a graded level of impairment. However, discrepancies between study findings likely to results from both small sample sizes and the use of different functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tasks. To address these issues, data-driven meta-analytic approach designed to identify homogeneous brain co-activity patterns across tasks was conducted to better characterize the common and distinct alterations between these disorders.MethodsA hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted to identify groups of studies reporting similar neuroimaging results, independent of task type and psychiatric diagnosis. A traditional meta-analysis (activation likelihood estimation) was then performed within each of these groups of studies to extract their aberrant activation maps.ResultsA total of 762 fMRI study contrasts were targeted, comprising 13 991 patients with SMDs. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified 5 groups of studies (meta-analytic groupings; MAGs) being characterized by distinct aberrant activation patterns across SMDs: (1) emotion processing; (2) cognitive processing; (3) motor processes, (4) reward processing, and (5) visual processing. While MAG1 was mostly commonly impaired, MAG2 was more impaired in schizophrenia, while MAG3 and MAG5 revealed no differences between disorder. MAG4 showed the strongest between-diagnoses differences, particularly in the striatum, posterior cingulate cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.ConclusionsSMDs are characterized mostly by common deficits in brain networks, although differences between disorders are also present. This study highlights the importance of studying SMDs simultaneously rather than independently.
Adolescent resilience in the face of COVID-19 stressors: the role of trauma and protective factors
Authors: Zhang Lu , Cropley Vanessa L. , Whittle Sarah , Rakesh Divyangana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic introduced unique stressors that posed significant threats to adolescent mental health. However, limited research has examined the impact of trauma exposure on vulnerability to subsequent stressor-related mental health outcomes in adolescents. Furthermore, it is unclear whether there are protective factors that promote resilience against the negative impacts of COVID-19 stressors in adolescents with prior trauma exposure. This preregistered study aimed to investigate the impact of trauma on COVID-19 stressor-related mental health difficulties in adolescents, in addition to the role of protective factors.MethodsAims were investigated in a sample of 9696 adolescents (mean age 12.85 ± 0.88 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to examine (a) the associations of early trauma exposure (exposed v. non-exposed), COVID-19 stressors, and perceived stress, sadness, and positive affect levels during the pandemic period in the US, and (b) the role of protective factors (physical activity, parental support, and improvements in family and peer relationships) in these associations.ResultsThere was a positive association between COVID-19 stressors and sadness, which was enhanced in trauma-exposed adolescents. Improvements in family and peer relationships mitigated the association between COVID-19 stressors and poor mental health outcomes, regardless of prior traumatic experience.ConclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that prior trauma elevates risk of mental health difficulties in the face of future stressors. Results underscore the protective role of enhanced social relationships as targets for early prevention and intervention in those experiencing acute stressors, regardless of prior traumatic experiences.
Negative wealth shocks and subsequent depressive symptoms and trajectories in middle-aged and older adults in the USA, England, China, and Mexico: a population-based, multinational, and longitudinal study
Authors: Ran Guangquan , Zuo Chuanlong , Liu Danping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe association between negative wealth shocks and depression among middle-aged and older individuals remains unclear. Our study aimed to assess the association between negative wealth shocks and depression and its trajectories, and to explore cross-national differences in these associationsMethodsOur sample included 21 999 participants, of which 9519 were from the Health and Retirement Study (2012–2020), 4936 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2012–2020), 2520 from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011–2020), and 5024 from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (2012–2021). We used latent class trajectory models to identify depressive trajectories, alongside mixed-model logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression to evaluate associations.ResultsIn the USA (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.40–2.16), England (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.09–2.70), and China (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09–1.75), negative wealth shocks were associated with subsequent depressive symptoms, but not in Mexico (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.86–1.29). Additionally, negative wealth shocks were associated with several depressive trajectories in the USA and China. This association occurred only in increasing–decreasing trajectory in England, while no significant association was found across any trajectory in Mexico.ConclusionsNegative wealth shocks were associated with subsequent depressive symptoms, with significant associations observed in some specific depressive trajectories. These associations exhibited cross-national differences, underscoring the importance of considering country-specific contexts when addressing the mental health impacts of wealth shocks.
The Revolution That Did Not Happen. Labor Insurgency in Late Russian Poland
Authors: Marzec Wiktor 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Russian Poland was among the most militant tsarist borderlands during the 1905–1907 Revolution in the Russian Empire. However, only a decade later, when revolutionary movements again loomed large and shook the whole region after 1917, Poland remained relatively calm. Forging a new statehood after 1918 rivaled the earlier popular drive toward social revolution. Revolution was aborted in Poland; in other rim regions of the Russian Empire, however, the situation evolved differently, and this scenario should not be taken as self-explanatory. The dynamic of political contention on the ground in the inter-revolutionary decade is the key to understand the pathways of the new state and its society. But the existing accounts deliver only a fragmentary picture, concentrating on the teleology of nation, nation state and its elites or party politics. Meanwhile, the dynamics of labor contention can be hardly squared with unanimous class or national mobilizations. This article addresses this gap drawing from an extensive collection of courses on social unrest and conflict in the Kingdom of Poland based on administrative sources from local Polish and central Russian archives (more than 3300 entries on contentious events). Covering broad available sources, it offers a picture of labor unrest spanning from tinier township workshops, insular, dispersed industrialization of smaller cities harboring quite large mills, to fully-fledged industrial power hubs. The findings show the large heterogeneity of conflict among urban workers. The initial enthusiasm of the 1905 upheaval did not hold sway for long. Workers were tired with the revolutionary mobilization, derailed by the state repression and reluctant to embark on political action again. The lore of 1905 was not an important point of reference for the forthcoming mobilizations. Instead, protests had their own rhythms and spatial patterns, resembling the pre-industrial calendar of festivities turning into insurgencies but also followed pan-imperial causes. Inter-ethnic tensions kicked in: within crews (mostly Polish-Jewish) but above all between rank-and-file workers and foremen, often of German origin. This plurality resulted in various possibilities to build a working class imagined community ranging from a single factory, through branch-wide solidarities, national filiation up to pan-imperial class alliance. Also the tsarist administration, interested in maintaining the basic stability of supply and keep the state going was an important factor. These heterogenous field of tensions did not form any cleavage conductive to singular mobilization. However, it was susceptible to broader political projects binding various claims. Such a project was a new Poland, supported by major parties and perceived by many as nothing less as a revolutionary state for a while promising anti-imperial self-assertion, national rights, political freedom, and social emancipation.
The formation of the tourism labour market in Spain, 1955–1973
Authors: García-Barrero José Antonio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the process of labour market formation in the tourism industry in Spain. Results show that tourism regions diverged in their capacity to attract local labour, a factor that led to different compositions of the workforce. In the most dynamic regions, circular migration became a key factor as a result of housing shortages, seasonality and labour policy. Tourism agents promoted these flows by different mechanisms such as recruitment at origin and temporary accommodation. Migration benefited growth of firms, natives' upward mobility and migrants' accumulation of capital. However, inequality in the regional labour market and host society increased.
Examining lexical profile in general-audience English podcasts: A close replication of Nurmukhamedov and Sharakhimov (2021)
Authors: Yu Hong , Wen Ju 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We closely replicated Nurmukhamedov and Sharakhimov (2021), which was the first study to examine the lexical profile of general-audience English podcasts. Nurmukhamedov and Sharakhimov (2021) found that podcast listeners should have a knowledge of the most frequent 3,000 word families and 5,000 word families, respectively, plus proper nouns, marginal words, transparent compounds, and acronyms in order to achieve good and high-level listening comprehension. We followed the methods and procedures of the initial study with a much larger corpus. Specifically, a total of 8,862 podcast transcripts sampled from 12 general-audience podcast programs were used to compile the 14-million-word corpus. Results of the study confirmed Nurmukhamedov and Sharakhimov's (2021) findings in the vocabulary size required to understand general-audience English podcasts. However, some minor differences pertaining to individual podcast programs were revealed, indicating that the sampling of data had an effect on the lexical demand. These findings provide solid evidence to support the validity and generalizability of the initial study's findings. Implications for second language teaching and learning are also discussed.