bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes towards Minorities in Post‐communist and Democratic Poland
Authors: Celinska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe political transformation of Eastern European countries heralded many fundamental economic, social, and cultural changes. One aspect of democracy – cultural democracy – focuses on the situation of minority groups. The treatment of minorities, while largely determined by law and actions of the government, is also influenced by the attitudes and opinions held by the citizens. This article analyses opinion polls conducted between 1994 and 2014 on attitudes towards ethnic and national minorities in Poland. The data comes from the Public Opinion Research Center (Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej – CBOS) and was published solely in the Polish language. This analysis is situated within Poland's shifting political, social, and cultural contexts, and emphasizes current legislation concerning minorities in Poland.
Gulf Nationalism and the Geopolitics of Constructing Falconry as a ‘Heritage Sport’
Authors: Koch Natalie 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper illustrates how Gulf nationals' claims to their homelands are affirmed and enacted through the ostensibly banal, but highly political, effort to construct falconry as a ‘heritage sport’. Taking the case of the United Arab Emirates, I argue that local elites have harnessed the global discourse of ‘heritage’ to construct an ethnicized and gendered vision of a primordial Arab homeland. Heritage discourses surrounding falconry play an important role in legitimating prevailing structural inequalities in Gulf societies, reaffirming the minority citizen‐nationals' claims to ‘ownership’ of the state, as well as naturalizing the masculinist imaginings of desert landscapes. Also considering the transnational dimensions of a geopolitics of falconry, I show how these nationalist narratives relate to cross‐regional networks between the Arabian Peninsula and Central Asia. I argue that Gulf Arab falconry practices are not essentially ‘primordial’, but are made possible by and reinforce political economic inequalities institutionalized by contemporary territorial regimes.
Constituting Public Support for the National Stem Cell Project: Kungmin as a Rhetorical Flag in South Korean Media
Authors: Chekar Choon Key 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe global stem cell scandal widely known as the ‘Hwang scandal’ was a reminder of the somewhat taken‐for‐granted fact that the South Korean public is often referenced and addressed as kungmin in media discourse. Kungmin, which means ‘South Korean nationals’, has considerable purchase in everyday life in South Korea as a constant reminder of nationhood. Using Michael Billig's concept of banal nationalism as the key theoretical linchpin of analysis, this article argues that kungmin was a readily available, powerful rhetorical tool for the uncritically pro‐science and profit‐driven South Korean media to justify its support for Hwang's stem cell breakthroughs in the name of kungmin. The general public's support for Hwang was framed as a ‘natural’ response even after the revelation of unethical procurement of human oocysts and scientific fraud. The article also considers how this politicized representation of the South Korean public restricted the opportunities for democratic social debate on this controversial biotechnology.
Investigation of Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 Polymorphisms in Gastric Cardia Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tang W. , Wang Y. , Chen S. , Lin J. , Chen B. , Yu S. , Chen Y. , Gu H. , Kang M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTo assess the potential effects of Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA), we genotyped four polymorphisms (rs733618 A>G, rs16840252 C>T, rs231775 G>A and rs3087243 G>A) in CTLA4 and calculated odds ratios (ORs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the genotype and allele distributions between GCA cases and controls. The CTLA4 genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction–ligase detection reaction (PCR‐LDR) analysis in 330 GCA patients and 608 unrelated cancer‐free controls. In this case–control study, there was no significant difference in the genotype and allele distributions of four CTLA4 polymorphisms between GCA patients and controls. However, haplotype association analysis indicated that compared with CTLA4 Grs733618Crs16840252Grs231775Crs3087243, CTLA4 Grs733618Crs16840252Ars231775Grs3087243 and Ars733618Crs16840252Grs231775Ars3087243 haplotypes conferred increased risks of GCA (OR = 6.46, 95% CI = 1.33–31.28; P = 0.012; both); however, CTLA4 Ars733618Crs16840252Ars231775Grs3087243 and Ars733618Trs16840252Grs231775Grs3087243 haplotypes conferred decreased risks of GCA (P = 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively). These results highlight that the rare CTLA4 haplotypes may affect the development of GCA in the Chinese population.
Co‐authorship Networks in Swiss Political Research
Authors: Leifeld Philip , Ingold Karin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCo‐authorship is an important indicator of scientific collaboration. Co‐authorship networks are composed of sub‐communities, and researchers can gain visibility by connecting these insulated subgroups. This article presents a comprehensive co‐authorship network analysis of Swiss political science. Three levels are addressed: disciplinary cohesion and structure at large, communities, and the integrative capacity of individual researchers. The results suggest that collaboration exists across geographical and language borders even though different regions focus on complementary publication strategies. The subfield of public policy and administration has the highest integrative capacity. Co‐authorship is a function of several factors, most importantly being in the same subfield. At the individual level, the analysis identifies researchers who belong to the “inner circle” of Swiss political science and who link different communities. In contrast to previous research, the analysis is based on the full set of publications of all political researchers employed in Switzerland in 2013, including past publications.
Identification of a novel HLA‐A*02 variant, HLA‐A*02:586, in a Taiwanese bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell donor
Authors: Yang K. L. , Ng J. , Lazaro A. , Hung J. H. , Lin P. Y. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOne nucleotide substitution at residue 179 of the HLA‐A*02:07:01 results in a new allele, HLA‐A*02:586.
A novel HLA‐DRB1 allele, DRB1*15:66:02 was identified in a Chinese potential donor by sequence‐based typing
Authors: Nie X.‐M. , Zhang Y. , Qiao W.‐B. , Zhu C.‐F. , Zhao Y.‐R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDRB1*15:66:02 differs from DRB1*15:66:01 at codons 57 and 58 resulting in no coding change.
Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma – Sézary syndrome in a Boxer
Authors: Rütgen Barbara C. , Flickinger Irene , Wolfesberger Birgitt , Litschauer Barbara , Fuchs‐Baumgartinger Andrea , Hammer Sabine E. , Saalmüller Armin , Schwendenwein Ilse 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA 7‐year‐old male Boxer with a 3.5‐year history of atopy and food hypersensitivity was presented with multiple poorly circumscribed nodules and maculae of the skin and tongue, and jaundiced mucosal membranes. Cytologic and histopathologic examination of the skin lesions revealed cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma. Cells were CD3+ and CD8+ in flow cytometry. The CBC showed a moderate leukocytosis with 16% atypical lymphocytes with irregularly cleaved nuclei. Flow cytometric phenotyping of peripheral blood showed an elevated proportion of the CD8+ T‐lymphocyte subpopulation, indicating a malignant population of T‐cell origin, and the electropherogram of the PCR antigen receptor rearrangement produced a monoclonal peak for TCRγ. Liver enzyme activities were markedly increased and abdominal ultrasound examination showed increased echogenicity of the liver and enlarged abdominal lymph nodes. Fine‐needle aspirates of the liver confirmed infiltration with lymphocytes exhibiting the same morphology as the cells detected in skin and peripheral blood. Treatment was induced with L‐asparaginase, lomustine, and prednisone. Partial clinical remission of the skin and tongue lesions was achieved within 10 days, and hematologic abnormalities resolved. Despite further treatment with L‐asparaginase and lomustine, the dog relapsed within one month and was euthanized. Presence of malignant lymphocytes in skin, peripheral blood, and liver indicate a rare variant of leukemic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, equivalent of Sézary syndrome in a dog. This case report describes the use of flow cytometry as a complementary tool for lymphocyte characterization of skin lesions for the first time.
Local release of pioglitazone (a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ agonist) accelerates proliferation and remodeling phases of wound healing
Authors: Sakai Shigeki , Sato Keisuke , Tabata Yasuhiko , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily known for its anti‐inflammatory and macrophage differentiation effects, as well as its ability to promote fat cell differentiation and reduce insulin resistance. Pioglitazone (Pio) is a PPARγ agonist used clinically as an anti‐diabetic agent for improving insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes. The objective of this study was to develop a drug delivery system (DDS) for the local release of Pio to promote wound healing. Pio of low aqueous solubility was water‐solubilized by micelles formed from gelatin grafted with L‐lactic acid oligomers, and incorporated into a biodegradable gelatin hydrogel. An 8‐mm punch biopsy tool was used to prepare two skin wounds on either side of the midline of 8‐week‐old mice. Wounds were treated by the hydrogels with (Pio‐hydrogel group) or without (control group) Pio, and the wound area were observed 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after treatment. In addition, a protein assay and immunohistological stain were performed to determine the effects of the Pio‐hydrogel on inflammation and macrophage differentiation. The Pio‐hydrogels promote wound healing. Moreover, Western blotting analysis demonstrated that treatment with Pio‐hydrogels resulted in decreased levels of the cytokines MIP‐2 and TGF‐β, and increased levels of glucose‐regulating adiponectin. It is concluded that Pio‐incorporated hydrogels promote the proliferation and remodeling phases of wound healing, and may prove to be effective as wound dressings.
Exercise oxidative skeletal muscle metabolism in adolescents with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Werkman Maarten , Jeneson Jeroen , Helders Paul , Arets Bert , van der Ent Kors , Velthuis Birgitta , Nievelstein Rutger , Takken Tim , Hulzebos Erik 
Published: December 2015

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Do intrinsic abnormalities in oxygenation and/or muscle oxidative metabolism contribute to exercise intolerance in adolescents with mild cystic fibrosis?

What is the main finding and its importance?
This study found no evidence that in adolescents with mild cystic fibrosis in a stable clinical state intrinsic abnormalities in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism seem to play a clinical significant role. Based on these results, we concluded that there is no metabolic constraint to benefit from exercise training.

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are reported to have limited exercise capacity. There is no consensus about a possible abnormality in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism in CF. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that abnormalities in oxygenation and/or muscle oxidative metabolism contribute to exercise intolerance in adolescents with mild CF. Ten adolescents with CF (12–18 years of age; forced expiratory volume in 1 s >80% of predicted; and resting oxygen saturation >94%) and 10 healthy age‐matched control (HC) subjects were tested with supine cycle ergometry using near‐infrared spectroscopy and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study skeletal muscle oxygenation and oxidative metabolism during rest, exercise and recovery. No statistically significant (P > 0.1) differences in peak workload and peak oxygen uptake per kilogram lean body mass were found between CF and HC subjects. No differences were found between CF and HC subjects in bulk changes of quadriceps phosphocreatine (P = 0.550) and inorganic phosphate (P = 0.896) content and pH (P = 0.512) during symptom‐limited exercise. Furthermore, we found statistically identical kinetics for phosphocreatine resynthesis during recovery for CF and HC subjects (P = 0.53). No statistically significant difference in peak exercise arbitrary units for total haemoglobin content was found between CF and HC subjects (P = 0.66). The results of this study provide evidence that in patients with mild CF and a stable clinical status (without signs of systemic inflammation and/or chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization), no intrinsic metabolic constraints and/or abnormalities in oxygenation and/or muscle oxidative metabolism contribute to exercise intolerance.
Inhibition of the formation and stability of inorganic colloids in the alkaline disturbed zone of a cementitious repository
Authors: Felipe-Sotelo M. , Milodowski A. E. , Evans N. D. M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe generation and stability of inorganic colloids have been studied under hyperalkaline conditions. For the generation of colloids, intact cores of Bromsgrove Sandstone were flushed with simulated cement leachates, and the eluates were ultrafiltered sequentially (12 μm, 1 μm, 0.1 μm and 30 kDa) for the separation of any colloids found. No colloid formation was observed during the experiments; however the analysis by ICPMS of the eluates showed significant increases in Si and Al, indicating silicate mineral dissolution, as well as reduction of the concentration of Ca in the leachates indicating precipitation of secondary Ca-rich phases. Flow experiments with cement leachates spiked with tritiated water showed a noticeable reduction of the porosity of the sandstone as well as changes in the pore distribution. Additional stability experiments were carried out using model silica and Fe2O3 colloids. The experiments indicated that the stability of the colloids was mainly controlled by the concentration of Ca in solution and that both types were unstable under the chemical conditions in the alkaline disturbed zone. The presence of cement additives such as superplasticisers could enhance the stability of the colloids.
Understanding the likelihood and consequences of post-closure criticality in a geological disposal facility
Authors: Winsley R. J. , Baldwin T. D. , Hicks T. W. , Mason R. M. , Smith P. N. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA geological disposal facility (GDF) will include fissile materials that could, under certain conditions, lead to criticality. Demonstration of criticality safety therefore forms an important part of a GDF's safety case.Containment provided by the waste package will contribute to criticality safety during package transport and the GDF operational phase. The GDF multiple-barrier system will ensure that criticality is prevented for some time after facility closure. However, on longer post-closure timescales, conditions in the GDF will evolve and it is necessary to demonstrate: an understanding of the conditions under which criticality could occur; the likelihood of such conditions occurring; and the consequences of criticality should it occur.Work has addressed disposal of all of the UK's higher-activity wastes in three illustrative geologies. This paper, however, focuses on presenting results to support safe disposal of spent fuel, plutonium and highlyenriched uranium in higher-strength rock.The results support a safety case assertion that post-closure criticality is of low likelihood and, if it was to occur, the consequences would be tolerable.
Novel germ line DDX41 mutations define families with a lower age of MDS/AML onset and lymphoid malignancies
Authors: Lewinsohn Maya , Brown Anna L. , Weinel Luke M. , Phung Connie , Rafidi George , Lee Ming K. , Schreiber Andreas W. , Feng Jinghua , Babic Milena , Chong Chan-Eng , Lee Young , Yong Agnes , Suthers Graeme K. , Poplawski Nicola , Altree Meryl , Phillips Kerry , Jaensch Louise , Fine Miriam , D’Andrea Richard J. , Lewis Ian D. , Medeiros Bruno C. , Pollyea Daniel A. , King Mary-Claire , Walsh Tom , Keel Siobán , Shimamura Akiko , Godley Lucy A. , Hahn Christopher N. , Churpek Jane E. , Scott Hamish S. 
Published: December 2015

Key Points
Novel missense germ line DDX41 mutations define an earlier age of onset of hematologic malignancies than loss-of-function alleles. Carriers of DDX41 germ line mutations usually have normal blood counts until a myeloid or lymphoid malignancy develops.
A Mathematical Model of the Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Reversal of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ha Joon , Satin Leslie S. , Sherman Arthur S. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is generally thought to result from the combination of 2 metabolic defects, insulin resistance, which increases the level of insulin required to maintain glucose within the normal range, and failure of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells to compensate for the increased demand. We build on a mathematical model pioneered by Topp and colleagues to elucidate how compensation succeeds or fails. Their model added a layer of slow negative feedback to the classic insulin-glucose loop in the form of a slow, glucose-dependent birth and death law governing β-cell mass. We add to that model regulation of 2 aspects of β-cell function on intermediate time scales. The model quantifies the relative contributions of insulin action and insulin secretion defects to T2D and explains why prevention is easier than cure. The latter is a consequence of a threshold separating the normoglycemic and diabetic states (bistability), which also underlies the success of bariatric surgery and acute caloric restriction in rapidly reversing T2D. The threshold concept gives new insight into “Starling's Law of the Pancreas,” whereby insulin secretion is higher for prediabetics and early diabetics than for normal individuals.
Recuerdo diferido. Anotación sobre Exhumaciones, de William Marín
Authors: Marín Pinzón William 
Published: December 2015

<p>“Utilizo además materiales y colores con intenciones puntuales, que claramente describen y cuentan desde el clima de un territorio hasta la tensión de una emoción experimentada en otro lugar y tiempo de mi<br />vida. Estas manifestaciones se convierten en un ir y venir constante, en un retroceder para avanzar en mi propia vida cual juego de azar, que en ocasiones preferiría no descubrir.”<br />William Marín</p>
Arte y manifestaciones populares en el contexto de la reforma
Authors: Triana Camilo Ramírez 
Published: December 2015

<p>La edición de este número de CALLE14 coincidió con acontecimientos de la mayor importancia para la vida académica, como son los avances en el proceso de reforma universitaria y los múltiples eventos de investigación que tuvieron sede principal<br />en la Facultad de Artes ASAB. El II ENCUENTRO LATINOAMERICANO DE INVESTIGADORES/AS SOBRE EL CUERPO Y CORPORALIDADES EN LAS CULTURAS programó 24 mesas que sesionaron durante la semana universitaria con gran afluencia de ponentes y participantes nacionales e internacionales y alcanzó un despliegue logístico impresionante, dando cuenta de la capacidad de gestión y producción de la facultad de artes.</p>
Facilitating vocabulary learning through metacognitive strategy training and learning journals
Authors: Trujillo Becerra Carmen Luz , Alvarez Ayure Claudia Patricia , Zamudio Ordoñez Mirtha Nohemí , Morales Bohórquez Gloria 
Published: December 2015

<p>This paper reports on a mixed- method action research study carried out with participants from three public high schools in different regions in Colombia: Bogotá, Orito and Tocaima. The overall aim of this study was to analyze whether training in the use of metacognitive strategies (MS) through learning journals could improve the participants’ vocabulary learning. The data, collected mainly through students’ learning journals, teachers’ field notes, questionnaires and mind maps, was analyzed following the principles of grounded theory. The results suggested that the training helped participants to develop metacognitive awareness of their vocabulary learning process and their lexical competence regarding daily routines. Participants also displayed some improvements in critical thinking and self-directed attitudes that could likewise benefit their vocabulary learning. Finally, the study proposes that training in metacognitive and vocabulary strategies should be implemented in language classrooms to promote a higher degree of student control over learning and to facilitate the transference of these strategies to other areas of knowledge.</p>
Medios de comunicación alternativos en las organizaciones indígenas: el uso de nuevas y tradicionales tecnologías. Estudio de caso del pueblo p’urhèpecha en cherán
Authors: Cuesta León Ana María 
Published: December 2015

<p>El presente artículo expone los resultados del proceso de la investigación desarrollada con el pueblo P’urhépecha en Cherán, municipio de Michoacán, México. El análisis sociológico que se realizó, explica el papel de los medios de comunicación alternativos que utiliza la organización comunitaria en Cherán como lo es la radio comunitaria y la coordinación y solidaridad que surgen a través del apoyo de otros medios, los cuales hacen uso de tecnologías como la internet y el periodismo independiente para la construcción de sujetos colectivos. Lo anterior da muestra del uso de los medios alternativos de comunicación, su relación y aporte a las acciones colectivas de resistencia de los pueblos indígenas y la globalización de sus luchas por medio de las nuevas tecnologías. </p>
Gobernadores y corrupción en la costa atlántica. Clanes políticos, políticos de negocios y paramilitarismo
Authors: Duque Daza Javier 
Published: December 2015

<p>El artículo analiza la corrupción entre los gobernadores en la región Atlántica colombiana. Se trata de un reporte de investigación que indaga sobre los niveles de corrupción entre los gobernadores y los factores que inciden en esta. El argumento central es que esta región presenta altos niveles de corrupción (con excepciónde de Atlántico) en los que se articulan dos modalidades, la primera modalidad expresa la conjunción de clanes o familias políticas, políticos de negocios y redes de contratistas, la segunda incluye, además, a los grupos criminales paramilitares como actores de apropiación de los recursos públicos y de distorsión de la competencia política democrática. Se resalta también que la acción de los entes de control es muy activa, pero se caracteriza por se fundamentalmente sancionatoria y funciona como un control ex post, tardío y lento.</p>
Crítica a la democracia en el marco de los diálogos de paz entre el Gobierno colombiano y las FARC-EP
Authors: Carmona Sánchez Luis Alberto 
Published: December 2015

<p><strong>Resumen </strong></p>En este trabajo se cuestiona la concepción de democracia que se encuentra formulada de manera implícita en el Segundo Acuerdo para la terminación del conflicto y la construcción de una paz estable y duradera, acuerdo denominado <em>2. Participación política: Apertura democrática para construir la paz</em>, en el marco de los diálogos de paz entre el Gobierno colombiano y las FARC-EP. Para ello, se realiza una crítica a la concepción de democracia que surge en la sociedad clasista, con la que se legitima y garantiza la administración del poder en el gobierno a favor de los privilegios como clase. En consonancia con esto, se propone desarrollar la exposición en tres apartados: <strong>I-</strong> la democracia como garante efectivo de los privilegios de la clase que administra el poder en el gobierno de la sociedad clasista <strong>II-</strong> la ruptura del hombre en la sociedad capitalista en burgués-ciudadano, trabajador-político; y, <strong>III-</strong> crítica a la concepción de democracia que aparece implícitamente señalada en el Segundo Acuerdo.