bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggregation‐Induced Singlet Oxygen Generation: Functional Fluorophore and Anthrylphenylene Dyad Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Kim Sooyeon , Zhou Yang , Tohnai Norimitsu , Nakatsuji Hirotaka , Matsusaki Michiya , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Miyata Mikiji , Majima Tetsuro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe assembly of monomeric building blocks can manifest the display of new properties, including optical, mechanical, and electrochemical functionalities. In this study, we sought to develop a functional fluorophore self‐assembly that can generate reactive oxygen species only when aggregated. With an anthrylphenylene (AP) group, negatively charged and neutral fluorescein units form non‐fluorescent H‐aggregates in aqueous solution because of the weak intermolecular interaction between the anthracene and fluorescein moieties. In stark contrast, a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and AP dyad produces two‐color‐emissive aggregates through the formation of an intermolecular charge‐transfer (CT) complex between the electron‐rich anthracene and electron‐deficient BODIPY moieties. Furthermore, to our surprise, the BODIPY and AP dyad aggregates generate singlet oxygen (1O2) and photocytotoxicity upon excitation, indicating that the BODIPY–anthracene CT state favors an intersystem crossing process. Based on X‐ray crystallographic analysis, the lattice‐like molecular packing between the BODIPY and AP moieties was determined to bring about the unprecedented aggregation‐induced 1O2 generation (AISG).
Fault detection for nonlinear systems with unreliable measurements based on hierarchy cubature Kalman filter
Authors: Yan Liping , Zhang Yanan , Xiao Bo , Xia Yuanqing , Fu Mengyin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper is concerned with fault detection of a kind of nonlinear dynamic system. Based on the framework of hierarchy information processing, the scope of the fault is first located by use of the presented windowing cubature Kalman filter (WCKF), followed by point‐by‐point fault detection to locate the fault by use of the residuals of each moment within the suspected windows. Theoretical analysis and experiments show that the presented algorithm is more effective than the traditional point‐by‐point fault detection method that only uses the moment residuals. The presented algorithm has potential value in many application fields, such as fault detection, reliability evaluation, fault tolerant control, etc.
Optimization and Evaluation of Antiparasitic Benzamidobenzoic Acids as Inhibitors of Kinetoplastid Hexokinase 1
Authors: Flaherty Daniel P. , Harris Michael T. , Schroeder Chad E. , Khan Haaris , Kahney Elizabeth W. , Hackler Amber L. , Patrick Stephen L. , Weiner Warren S. , Aubé Jeffrey , Sharlow Elizabeth R. , Morris James C. , Golden Jennifer E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractKinetoplastid‐based infections are neglected diseases that represent a significant human health issue. Chemotherapeutic options are limited due to toxicity, parasite susceptibility, and poor patient compliance. In response, we studied a molecular‐target‐directed approach involving intervention of hexokinase activity—a pivotal enzyme in parasite metabolism. A benzamidobenzoic acid hit with modest biochemical inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei hexokinase 1 (TbHK1, IC50=9.1 μm), low mammalian cytotoxicity (IMR90 cells, EC50>25 μm), and no appreciable activity on whole bloodstream‐form (BSF) parasites was optimized to afford a probe with improved TbHK1 potency and, significantly, efficacy against whole BSF parasites (TbHK1, IC50=0.28 μm; BSF, ED50=1.9 μm). Compounds in this series also inhibited the hexokinase enzyme from Leishmania major (LmHK1), albeit with less potency than toward TbHK1, suggesting that inhibition of the glycolytic pathway may be a promising opportunity to target multiple disease‐causing trypanosomatid protozoa.
Trait‐abundance relation in response to nutrient addition in a Tibetan alpine meadow: The importance of species trade‐off in resource conservation and acquisition
Authors: Liu Huiying , Li Ying , Ren Fei , Lin Li , Zhu Wenyan , He Jin‐Sheng , Niu Kechang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn competition‐dominated communities, traits promoting resource conservation and competitive ability are expected to have an important influence on species relative abundance (SRA). Yet, few studies have tested the trait‐abundance relations in the line of species trade‐off in resource conservation versus acquisition, indicating by multiple traits coordination. We measuredSRAand key functional traits involving leaf economic spectrum (SLA, specific leaf area;LDMC, leaf dry matter content;LCC, leaf carbon concentration;LNC, leaf nitrogen concentration;LPC, leaf phosphorus concentration; Hs, mature height) for ten common species in all plots subjected to addition of nitrogen fertilizer (N), phosphorus fertilizer (P), or both of them (NP) in a Tibetan alpine meadow. We test whetherSRAis positively related with traits promoting plant resource conservation, while negatively correlated with traits promoting plant growth and resource acquisition. We found that species were primarily differentiated along a trade‐off axis involving traits promoting nutrient acquisition and fast growth (e.g.,LPCandSLA) versus traits promoting resource conservation and competition ability (e.g., largeLDMC). We further found thatSRAwas positively correlated with plant height,LDMC, andLCC, but negatively associated withSLAand leaf nutrient concentration irrespective of fertilization. A stronger positive height‐SRAwas found inNP‐fertilized plots than in other plots, while negative correlations betweenSRAandSLAandLPCwere found in N or P fertilized plots. The results indicate that species trade‐off in nutrient acquisition and resource conservation was a key driver ofSRAin competition‐dominated communities following fertilization, with the linkage betweenSRAand traits depending on plant competition for specific soil nutrient and/or light availability. The results highlight the importance of competitive exclusion in plant community assembly following fertilization and suggest that abundant species in local communities become dominated at expense of growth while infrequent species hold an advantage in fast growth and dispersals to neighbor meta‐communities.
Watershed services in the humid tropics: Opportunities from recent advances in ecohydrology
Authors: Hamel Perrine , Riveros‐Iregui Diego , Ballari Daniela , Browning Trevor , Célleri Rolando , Chandler David , Chun Kwok Pan , Destouni Georgia , Jacobs Suzanne , Jasechko Scott , Johnson Mark , Krishnaswamy Jagdish , Poca María , Pompeu Patrícia Vieira , Rocha Humberto 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn response to increasing pressures on water resources, watershed services management programs are implemented throughout the tropics. These programs aim to promote land management activities that enhance the quantity and quality of water available to local communities. The success of these programs hinges on our ability to (a) understand the impacts of watershed interventions on ecohydrology; (b) model these impacts and design efficient management programs; and (c) develop strategies to overcome barriers to practical policy development, including resource limitations or the absence of baseline data. In this paper, we review opportunities in ecohydrological science that will help address these three challenges. The opportunities are grouped into measurement techniques, modelling approaches, and access to resources in our hyperconnected world. We then assess management implications of both the knowledge gaps and the new research developments related to the effect of land management. Overall, we stress the importance of policy‐relevant knowledge for implementing efficient and equitable watershed services programs in the tropics.
Two new conceptual models for the formation and degradation of baymouth spits by longshore drift and fluvial discharge (Iguape, SE Brazil)
Authors: Alcántara‐Carrió Javier , Dinkel Thaya M. , Portz Luana , Mahiques Michel M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study describes the formation of two successive baymouth spits systems on the south‐eastern Brazilian coast and the degradation of the first system. The study area includes the Jureia Beach spit, the deflected Ribeira de Iguape River mouth, the central Iguape sandy headland, the Icapara Inlet of the Mar Pequeno Lagoon and the northern end of the Comprida Island barrier spit. The wave and river flow patterns were combined with the coastline evolution and the alongshore migration rates deduced from satellite images. Initially, both spits showed convergent alongshore migration rates equal to or less than 83 m/yr. However, the extreme river flow due to high rainfall during a very strong El Niño event in 1983 eroded the inland side of the Jureia Beach spit, which finally retreated due to wave erosion. In 1989, a sand bank emerged in the river mouth, which attached to the central headland forming a recurved northeastward spit. In 1994, the high fluvial discharge associated with another very strong El Niño event caused the landward migration of the new spit and emersion of a second sand bank. This second sand bank merged with the Jureia Beach spit in 1997 at an alongshore migration rate of 1795.6 m/yr. Wave erosion of the central headland continued and the attached spit disappeared in 2000. In 2009, the headland erosion merged the river mouth and the Icapara Inlet, which resulted in flanking baymouth spits in a configuration that remains today. Therefore, two models for the formation of baymouth spits have been documented for wave‐dominated microtidal coasts in humid tropical regions with intense fluvial discharge. The convergent longshore migration of the spits is controlled by both the bidirectional longshore drift and the fluvial discharge, the latter eroding the fronting spit, supplying sediments and acting as a hydraulic blockage for longshore drift. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Could tsunami risk be underestimated using core‐based reconstructions? Lessons from ground penetrating radar
Authors: Takeda Hiraku , Goto Kazuhisa , Goff James , Matsumoto Hideaki , Sugawara Daisuke 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhere should we take cores for palaeotsunami research? It is generally considered that local depressions with low energy environments such as wetlands are one of the best places. However, it is also recognized that the presence or absence of palaeotsunami deposits (and their relative thickness) is highly dependent upon subsoil microtopography. In the beach ridge system of Ishinomaki Plain, Japan, several palaeotsunami deposits linked to past Japan Trench earthquakes have been reported. However, the number of palaeotsunami deposits reported at individual sites varies considerably. This study used ground penetrating radar (GPR) combined with geological evidence to better understand the relationship between palaeotopography and palaeotsunami deposit characteristics. The subsurface topography of the ~3000–4000 bp beach ridge was reconstructed using GPR data coupled with core surveys of the underlying sediments. We noted that the number (and thickness) of the palaeotsunami deposits inferred from the cores was controlled by the palaeotopography. Namely, a larger number of events and thicker palaeotsunami deposits were observed in depressions in the subsurface microtopography. We noted a total of three palaeotsunami deposits dated to between 1700 and 3000 cal bp, but they were only observed together in 11% of the core sites. This result is important for tsunami risk assessments that use the sedimentary evidence of past events because we may well be underestimating the number of tsunamis that have occurred. We suggest that GPR is an efficient and invaluable tool to help researchers identify the most appropriate places to carry out geological fieldwork in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of past tsunami activity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate prediction of acute fish toxicity of fragrance chemicals with the RTgill-W1 cell assay
Authors: Natsch Andreas , Laue Heike , Haupt Tina , von Niederhäusern Valentin , Sanders Gordon 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Testing for acute fish toxicity is an integral part of the environmental safety assessment of chemicals. A true replacement of primary fish tissue was recently proposed using cell viability in a fish gill cell line (RTgill-W1) as a means of predicting acute toxicity, showing good predictivity on 35 chemicals. To promote regulatory acceptance, the predictivity and applicability domain of novel tests need to be carefully evaluated on chemicals with existing high-quality in vivo data. We applied the RTgill-W1 cell assay to 38 fragrance chemicals with a wide range of both physicochemical properties and median lethal concentration (LC50) values and representing a diverse range of chemistries. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.90–0.94) between the logarithmic in vivo LC50 values, based on fish mortality, and the logarithmic in vitro median effect concentration (EC50) values based on cell viability was observed. A leave-one-out analysis illustrates a median under-/overprediction from in vitro EC50 values to in vivo LC50 values by a factor of 1.5. This assay offers a simple, accurate, and reliable alternative to in vivo acute fish toxicity testing for chemicals, presumably acting mainly by a narcotic mode of action. Furthermore, the present study provides validation of the predictivity of the RTgill-W1 assay on a completely independent set of chemicals that had not been previously tested and indicates that fragrance chemicals are clearly within the applicability domain. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:931–941. © 2017 SETAC
Abstract
Response of the mayfly (Cloeon dipterum) to chronic exposure to thiamethoxam in outdoor mesocosms
Authors: Pickford Daniel B. , Finnegan Meaghean C. , Baxter Leilan R. , Böhmer Walter , Hanson Mark L. , Stegger Petra , Hommen Udo , Hoekstra Paul F. , Hamer Mick 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Thiamethoxam is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide that has been detected in surface water monitoring programs in North America and Europe. This has led to questions about its toxicity to nontarget insects, specifically those with an aquatic life stage. To address the uncertainty associated with possible impacts from environmental exposures, a chronic (35-d) outdoor mesocosm study with a formulated product containing thiamethoxam was conducted. The specific focus of the study was the response of mayflies (Ephemeroptera), which have been reported to be particularly sensitive in laboratory studies. A range of concentrations (nominally 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 µg/L thiamethoxam), plus untreated controls were tested, and the abundance and emergence of mayflies (Cloeon dipterum) were assessed weekly for 35 d. Mean measured time-weighted average exposures were within 6% of nominal over the duration of the study, with the mean half-life of thiamethoxam in each treatment ranging from 7 to 13 d. Statistically significant reductions in both larval abundance and adult emergence were observed at 10.0, 3.0, and 1.0 μg/L following 1, 2, and 3 wk of exposure, respectively. Exposure to 0.1 and 0.3 µg/L thiamethoxam had no statistically significant effect on larval mayfly abundance or adult emergence at any point in the study. These findings support a 35-d no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of 0.3 µg thiamethoxam/L for mayflies (C. dipterum) under chronic conditions. Furthermore, because the 95th percentile of environmental concentrations has been reported to be 0.054 µg/L, these results indicate that populations of C. dipterum and similarly sensitive aquatic insects are unlikely to be significantly impacted by thiamethoxam exposure in natural systems represented by the conditions in our study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1040–1050. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Comparison of laboratory-derived biomagnification factors for hexachlorobenzene in common carp conducted under 9 test conditions
Authors: Hashizume Naoki , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Murakami Hidekazu , Sumi Shinichiro , Ishibashi Takeshi , Yoshida Tomohiko 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Nine dietary exposure bioaccumulation fish tests with hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were conducted with common carp to explore how differences in test conditions (different test foods and feeding rates) influenced the lipid-corrected, growth-corrected kinetic biomagnification factor (BMFkgL) value (BMFkgL = BMFkg × lipid content of test food/lipid content of test fish). The BMFkgL values for HCB differed by approximately a factor of 5 among the tests. The average, median, 95% confidence interval, and coefficient of variation of the BMFkgL values were 0.925, 0.998, 0.578 to 1.27, and 49%, respectively. The BMFkgL value differed markedly between tests conducted using test food with lipid contents of approximately 5 and 15%. Different feeding rates (2 or 3% of body weight/d) had comparatively little effect on the BMFkgL of HCB. The present study revealed that the lipid content of test fish was correlated with the growth-corrected kinetic BMF (BMFkg) value of HCB but the lipid content of test food was poorly correlated with BMFkg. This lack of correlation might explain the large variations of the BMFkgL values observed. The value of the BMFkg normalized to a fish with a 5% lipid content (defined as the 5% lipid-normalized BMFkg in the present study) did not differ markedly between tests conducted using test food with different lipid contents (5–15%). It is therefore useful to report the 5% lipid-normalized BMFkg as well as the BMFkgL when dietary exposure tests are conducted. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1032–1039. © 2017 SETAC
Effect of varying atmospheric conditions on methane boundary‐layer development in a free flow domain interfaced with a porous media domain
Authors: Deepagoda TKK Chamindu , Mitton Melissa , Smits Kathleen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMitigation of atmospheric emission of methane from leaky underground infrastructure is important for controlling the global anthropogenic greenhouse gas burden. Overexposure to methane may also cause occupational health problems in indoor/outdoor environments at the local scale. Subsurface soil conditions (e.g. soil heterogeneity) affect methane migration in soils while near‐surface atmospheric boundary conditions (e.g. wind and temperature) affect off‐site emissions across the soil‐atmosphere interface. This study investigated the above‐surface methane concentration boundary‐layer development under different soil conditions (homogenous and layered) and atmospheric boundary controls (wind and temperature). A series of controlled bench‐scale experiments was conducted using an open‐loop boundary‐layer wind tunnel interfaced with a porous media tank inside which a simulated methane point source was embedded to mimic a buried leaky pipeline. Results revealed pronounced effects of wind and, to a lesser extent, temperature on above‐surface methane boundary‐layer development. High atmospheric temperature contributed to the concentration boundary‐layer build‐up whereas high wind velocity caused erosion of the boundary layer. The boundary‐layer methane concentration profiles were adequately simulated within an advection‐diffusion modeling framework combined with a Navier‐Stokes free flow domain by coupling free air flow, heat flow and flow of a multicomponent gas mixture. Simulations further implied that the Fickian diffusion approach may have limited applications when pronounced non‐isothermal conditions prevail within the system. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using stable isotopes to understand seasonal and interannual dynamics in moisture sources and atmospheric circulation in precipitation
Authors: Tang Yu , Song Xianfang , Zhang Yinghua , Han Dongmei , Ai Likun , Zhao Tianbao , Wang Yajun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStable isotopes in precipitation are useful tracers to strengthen understanding of climate change and hydrological processes. In this study, the moisture sources of 190 precipitation events in Beijing were analysed using the Hybrid Single‐particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, based on which we studied the relation between variations in precipitation δ18O and dynamics in moisture sources and atmospheric circulation in seasonal and interannual timescales. Categorization of 7 groups of moisture sources was performed, among which oceanic moisture sources presented lower δ18O in precipitation than continental moisture sources. The results show that seasonal variations of precipitation δ18O were caused by changes of moisture sources. In summer, moisture from proximal oceans dominated vapour transport to Beijing due to increasing monsoon strength and resulted in a relatively small variation of precipitation δ18O. At the interannual timescale, the variations of δ18O in summer precipitation were related to dynamics in oceanic moistures, showing depleted values when the contribution of oceanic moistures, especially the proportion of long‐distance oceanic moisture, was high. Further analysis indicated that changes of oceanic moisture sources were controlled by the strength of summer monsoons. These findings address the complexity of moisture sources in midlatitude monsoon areas and suggest that isotopic signals in precipitation have the potential to deduce changes in moisture sources and atmospheric circulation and can therefore serve for palaeoclimate reconstruction.