bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergence and divergence in spherical harmonic series of the gravitational field generated by high‐resolution planetary topography—A case study for the Moon
Authors: Hirt Christian , Kuhn Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTheoretically, spherical harmonic (SH) series expansions of the external gravitational potential are guaranteed to converge outside the Brillouin sphere enclosing all field‐generating masses. Inside that sphere, the series may be convergent or may be divergent. The series convergence behavior is a highly unstable quantity that is little studied for high‐resolution mass distributions. Here we shed light on the behavior of SH series expansions of the gravitational potential of the Moon. We present a set of systematic numerical experiments where the gravity field generated by the topographic masses is forward‐modeled in spherical harmonics and with numerical integration techniques at various heights and different levels of resolution, increasing from harmonic degree 90 to 2160 (~61 to 2.5 km scales). The numerical integration is free from any divergence issues and therefore suitable to reliably assess convergence versus divergence of the SH series. Our experiments provide unprecedented detailed insights into the divergence issue. We show that the SH gravity field of degree‐180 topography is convergent anywhere in free space. When the resolution of the topographic mass model is increased to degree 360, divergence starts to affect very high degree gravity signals over regions deep inside the Brillouin sphere. For degree 2160 topography/gravity models, severe divergence (with several 1000 mGal amplitudes) prohibits accurate gravity modeling over most of the topography. As a key result, we formulate a new hypothesis to predict divergence: if the potential degree variances show a minimum, then the SH series expansions diverge somewhere inside the Brillouin sphere and modeling of the internal potential becomes relevant.
DNRA in intertidal sediments of the Yangtze Estuary
Authors: Yin Guoyu , Hou Lijun , Liu Min , Li Xiaofei , Zheng Yanling , Gao Juan , Jiang Xiaofen , Wang Rong , Yu Chendi , Lin Xianbiao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) plays an important role in regulating the fate of reactive nitrogen in estuarine and coastal ecosystems. In this work, intertidal sediments of the Yangtze Estuary were collected in January and August 2015. Potential rates of DNRA and associated functional gene were investigated with nitrogen isotope‐tracing and molecular techniques. The measured DNRA rates ranged from 0.14 to 5.57 μmol 15N kg−1 h−1 in the intertidal sediments. DNRA rates were tightly related to abundance of nrfA gene (p < 0.001), demonstrating that fermentation reaction may be the dominant pathway of DNRA in the study area. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed a relationship between DNRA and organic matter and NO2−, suggesting that these substrates stimulated the metabolism of DNRA microorganisms. On the other hand, the correlation between abundances of nrfA gene and Fe2+ and sulfide in the RDA analysis implied that oxidation of both Fe2+ and sulfide can enhance fermentative DNRA by providing extra free energy. DNRA converted approximately 2.29 × 105 t of nitrate to ammonia annually in the sampling area of the Yangtze Estuary, and most of the converted ammonium was retained in the estuarine ecosystem. DNRA may further contribute to eutrophication in the Yangtze Estuary and also in the other hypereutrophic estuaries.
Evaluation of extreme ionospheric total electron content gradient associated with plasma bubbles for GNSS Ground‐Based Augmentation System
Authors: Saito S. , Yoshihara T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAssociated with plasma bubbles, extreme spatial gradients in ionospheric total electron content (TEC) were observed on 8 April 2008 at Ishigaki (24.3°N, 124.2°E, +19.6° magnetic latitude), Japan. The largest gradient was 3.38 TECU km−1 (total electron content unit, 1 TECU = 1016 el m−2), which is equivalent to an ionospheric delay gradient of 540 mm km−1 at the GPS L1 frequency (1.57542 GHz). This value is confirmed by using multiple estimating methods. The observed value exceeds the maximum ionospheric gradient that has ever been observed (412 mm km−1 or 2.59 TECU km−1) to be associated with a severe magnetic storm. It also exceeds the assumed maximum value (500 mm km−1 or 3.08 TECU km−1) which was used to validate the draft international standard for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Ground‐Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) to support Category II/III approaches and landings. The steepest part of this extreme gradient had a scale size of 5.3 km, and the front‐normal velocities were estimated to be 71 m s−1 with a wavefront‐normal direction of east‐northeastward. The total width of the transition region from outside to inside the plasma bubble was estimated to be 35.3 km. The gradient of relatively small spatial scale size may fall between an aircraft and a GBAS ground subsystem and may be undetectable by both aircraft and ground.
Biochemical Characterization of the Lysine Acetylation of Tyrosyl‐tRNA Synthetase in Escherichia coli
Authors: Venkat Sumana , Gregory Caroline , Gan Qinglei , Fan Chenguang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) play essential roles in protein synthesis. As a member of the aaRS family, the tyrosyl‐tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) in Escherichia coli has been shown in proteomic studies to be acetylated at multiple lysine residues. However, these putative acetylation targets have not yet been biochemically characterized. In this study, we applied a genetic‐code‐expansion strategy to site‐specifically incorporate Nϵ‐acetyl‐l‐lysine into selected positions of TyrRS for in vitro characterization. Enzyme assays demonstrated that acetylation at K85, K235, and K238 could impair the enzyme activity. In vitro deacetylation experiments showed that most acetylated lysine residues in TyrRS were sensitive to the E. coli deacetylase CobB but not YcgC. In vitro acetylation assays indicated that 25 members of the Gcn5‐related N‐acetyltransferase family in E. coli, including YfiQ, could not acetylate TyrRS efficiently, whereas TyrRS could be acetylated chemically by acetyl‐CoA or acetyl‐phosphate (AcP) only. Our in vitro characterization experiments indicated that lysine acetylation could be a possible mechanism for modulating aaRS enzyme activities, thus affecting translation.
Chemically Cross‐Linked Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐Supported Deep Eutectic Solvent Gel Electrolytes for Eco‐Friendly Supercapacitors
Authors: Qin Huan , Panzer Matthew J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNonvolatile, ion‐dense electrolytes, such as ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are attractive candidates for safe, high‐performance electrochemical/electrostatic energy storage devices. In this report, an inexpensive and eco‐friendly DES (1 : 2 mixture of choline chloride/ethylene glycol) has been incorporated into a solid‐state gel electrolyte using a chemically cross‐linked polymer scaffold formed through in situ UV copolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. A high room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 5.7 mS cm−1 has been obtained for a DES gel containing 13.2 vol % polymer scaffold. Tunable DES gel compressive elastic modulus values, between 14 kPa and 1.0 MPa, could be obtained by varying the polymer content. Clear evidence of hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the poly(HEMA) scaffold and the DES anion was revealed through species self‐diffusivity measurements as well as by FTIR spectroscopy. Using a 22.9 vol % polymer‐supported DES gel as electrolyte/separator in a supercapacitor prototype with activated carbon fabric electrodes, a specific capacitance of 33.3 F g−1 and an energy density of 15.8 Wh kg−1 (based on the mass of two electrodes) were obtained during discharge at a current density of 0.01 A g−1. This work supports the notion that chemically cross‐linked polymer‐supported DES gel electrolytes are suitable for solid‐state, flexible supercapacitor applications.
Effect of aeration mode on the performance of center‐ and annulus‐rising internal‐loop airlift bioreactors
Authors: Han Mei , Laari Arto , Koiranen Tuomas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractExtensive experimental studies on internal‐loop airlift reactors, including center‐rising (CR‐ALR) and annulus‐rising airlift reactors (AR‐ALR), have been reported in the literature. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the effects of the aeration mode on the local hydrodynamics remain an under‐investigated area, especially for complex culture media. At present, it is difficult to select the best aeration mode for ALRs due to limited understanding of the pros and cons of the different modes. This study presents a detailed quantitative investigation of the overall gas holdup, local liquid velocity, liquid circulation time, shear rate distribution, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient in center‐ and annulus‐rising airlift bioreactors to better understand the effect of aeration mode on airlift bioreactor performance. Particle image velocimetry is employed to conduct local measurements. The results show that the overall gas holdup, liquid circulation time, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient are larger in the AR‐ALR than in the CR‐ALR. The local liquid velocity circulating into the downcomer of the AR‐ALR, which contributes to bubble entrainment and therefore to overall gas holdup, is higher than in the CR‐ALR. It was observed that a large circulation loop formed in the CR‐ALR, whereas two counter‐looping circulation cells appeared in the AR‐ALR. It was also found that the shear rate field was more uniform in the AR‐ALR than the CR‐ALR although the shear rates were similar in magnitude.
Removal of mercury from natural gas by a new activated adsorbent from olive stones
Authors: Chemrak Mohammed Amin , Benderdouche Noureddine , Bestani Benaouda , Benallou Mokhtar Benzekri , Cagnon Benoît 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study was devoted to the valorization of a plant waste (olive stones): that is widely available in Mediterranean countries in order to remove mercury from natural gas. The raw material from olive stones was prepared by pyrolysis, chemical activation with phosphoric acid, and physical activation under steam. Two olive stone‐based granular activated carbons were prepared: one with the virgin stones, while the other was impregnated with sulphur. After treatment, the adsorbents obtained were characterized by determining the iodine number, the methylene blue index, and by estimating the porous properties by N2 adsorption at 77 K. Thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy analysis were carried out to determine the functional groups before and after mercury adsorption. An experimental study of vapour‐phase mercury adsorption by the activated carbons (virgin and sulphur‐impregnated) and a comparison with a commercial material (HGR) were performed. The comparison, made by analyzing the adsorption in a continuous mode, showed that the proportion of sulphur and the porosity were important for the removal of mercury. In the conditions used, the mercury adsorption on the ACs studied follows a physisorption mechanism. The results showed that granular activated carbon‐based olive stones (sulphur‐impregnated) are very efficient to remove mercury (with 2864 μg/g) and also less expensive than commercial activated carbon due to their local availability.
Development of a New Structural Class of Broadly Acting HCV Non‐Nucleoside Inhibitors Leading to the Discovery of MK‐8876
Authors: McComas Casey C. , Palani Anandan , Chang Wei , Holloway M. Katharine , Lesburg Charles A. , Li Peng , Liverton Nigel , Meinke Peter T. , Olsen David B. , Peng Xuanjia , Soll Richard M. , Ummat Ajay , Wu Jie , Wu Jin , Zorn Nicolas , Ludmerer Steven W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStudies directed at developing a broadly acting non‐nucleoside inhibitor of HCV NS5B led to the discovery of a novel structural class of 5‐aryl benzofurans that simultaneously interact with both the palm I and palm II binding regions. An initial candidate was potent in vitro against HCV GT1a and GT1b replicons, and induced multi‐log reductions in HCV viral load when orally dosed to chronic GT1 infected chimpanzees. However, in vitro potency losses against clinically relevant GT1a variants prompted a further effort to develop compounds with sustained potency across a broader array of HCV genotypes and mutants. Ultimately, a biology and medicinal chemistry collaboration led to the discovery of the development candidate MK‐8876. MK‐8876 demonstrated a pan‐genotypic potency profile and maintained potency against clinically relevant mutants. It demonstrated moderate bioavailability in rats and dogs, but showed low plasma clearance characteristics consistent with once‐daily dosing. Herein we describe the efforts which led to the discovery of MK‐8876, which advanced into Phase 1 monotherapy studies for evaluation and characterization as a component of an all‐oral direct‐acting drug regimen for the treatment of chronic HCV infection.
Hydrogen from Pyrolysis Oil by Chemical Looping of a Sol–Gel‐Prepared Iron(III) Oxide on Magnesium Aluminate as Oxygen Carrier
Authors: Chen Chao , Zeng De‐Wang , Qiu Yu , Peng Song , Zhang Hui‐Yan , Xiao Rui 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChemical looping of iron oxides has emerged as a promising approach to produce hydrogen with inherent gas separation. In this work, we use sol–gel‐prepared Fe2O3/MgAl2O4 as an oxygen carrier to produce hydrogen from biomass pyrolysis oil. The results showed that 950 °C was the optimum gasification temperature to achieve a high carbon conversion and gas yield. At this temperature, we produced hydrogen by chemical looping. However, the produced hydrogen was polluted severely by CO and CO2 because of coke formation during reduction. To solve this problem, we adjusted the reduction atmosphere by adding steam, which was an effective method to enhance the hydrogen purity. At a steam‐to‐oil ratio of 1.5, the purity of hydrogen reached 96 % in contrast to 84 % without steam. In the presence of steam, we also found a more stable porosity, which led to improved cyclic performance. Our current results demonstrate an approach to enhance hydrogen purity and material recyclability. This can be extended to improve other thermochemical hydrogen‐production processes.
Feasibility and safety of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy using 5‐fluorouracil combined with cisplatin and mitomycin C in patients undergoing gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Murata Satoshi , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Naitoh Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Kaida Sachiko , Shimizu Tomoharu , Shiomi Hisanori , Naka Shigeyuki , Tani Tohru , Tani Masaji 
Published: July 2017

Background and ObjectivesWe conducted a dose‐finding study for 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) administered with cisplatin (CDDP) and mitomycin C (MMC) to find an improved regimen for hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for advanced gastric cancer (GC).MethodsThe appropriate HIPEC regimen previously determined in vitro was 5‐FU (200 µg/mL), MMC (2 µg/mL), and CDDP (10 µg/mL) at hyperthermic conditions (42°C) for 30 min. This was a clinical study to determine the recommended dose of 5‐FU in combination with MMC and CDDP at 42°C for 30 min and to evaluate HIPEC safety in patients at high risk of developing peritoneal metastases following GC surgery.ResultsTwelve patients were treated with surgery plus HIPEC using 5‐FU at 0, 500, 750, and 1000 mg combined with MMC (10 mg) and CDDP (50 mg) in the perfusate (5 L). Dose‐limiting toxicities did not develop until 1000 mg 5‐FU was reached. Four patients experienced grade 1 or 2 adverse events. The recommended dose was 1000 mg 5‐FU/5 L perfusate. Eight (66.7%) patients demonstrated no recurrence of peritoneal metastases; 5‐year overall survival rate was 83.3%.ConclusionGastrectomy and HIPEC with MMC, CDDP, and 5‐FU is feasible, safe, and may protect against peritoneal metastasis following surgery for advanced GC.
Left Ventricular Septal Hypertrophy in Elderly Patients With Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Katayama Minako , Panse Prasad M. , Kendall Christopher B. , Daniels John R. , Cha Stephen S. , Fortuin F. David , Sweeney John P. , DeValeria Patrick A. , Lanza Louis A. , Belohlavek Marek , Chaliki Hari P. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesLeft ventricular (LV) septal hypertrophy in aortic stenosis raises diagnostic and therapeutic questions. However, the etiology and clinical consequences of this finding have not been well studied. The aim of this study was to perform a morphologic evaluation of the LV in aortic stenosis and to investigate the contributing factors and consequences of septal hypertrophy.MethodsPatients with moderate or severe aortic stenosis were prospectively enrolled. Patients with previous myocardial infarction, wall motion abnormalities, at least moderate valvular regurgitation, known cardiomyopathy, an LV ejection fraction of less than 50%, and age younger than 65 years were excluded.ResultsForty‐one patients underwent a final analysis. Septal hypertrophy (LV septal wall thickness ≥15 mm) was confirmed in 21 of 41 patients. The septal hypertrophy group had higher peak aortic valve velocity, a higher diabetes mellitus rate, and a higher rate and longer duration of hypertension than those without septal hypertrophy. The peak aortic valve velocity (odds ratio, 7.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–37.1) and diabetes mellitus (odds ratio, 7.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–46.2) were the significant factors associated with septal hypertrophy by multivariate analysis. Intraventricular conduction disturbance on electrocardiography was more frequent in the septal hypertrophy group (P = .021).ConclusionsLeft ventricular septal hypertrophy was commonly observed in elderly patients with aortic stenosis, and a higher aortic valve velocity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were associated factors. Intraventricular conduction disturbance occurred more often in patients with septal hypertrophy than those without, which implies the pathophysiologic consequence. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of septal hypertrophy and intraventricular conduction disturbance on the prognosis of patients after aortic valve interventions.
Relationship between vitamin D and gestational diabetes in overweight or obese pregnant women may be mediated by adiponectin
Authors: Mousa Aya , Abell Sally K , Shorakae Soulmaz , Harrison Cheryce L , Naderpoor Negar , Hiam Danielle , Moreno‐Asso Alba , Stepto Nigel K , Teede Helena J , de Courten Barbora 
Published: July 2017

ScopeMaternal vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the association between vitamin D and inflammation, particularly adipokines, remains unexplored in pregnancy.Methods and resultsIn 102 overweight or obese pregnant women at high‐risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we investigated relationships between maternal 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations at 12–15 wk gestation (baseline) and serum lipids, inflammatory markers, novel adipokines (omentin‐1, visfatin, high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin), and subsequent pregnancy outcomes (GDM, preeclampsia, preterm birth [PTB]). After adjustment for maternal factors (age, BMI, parity, ethnicity, and smoking status), baseline 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with total cholesterol and triglycerides, and positively associated with HMW‐adiponectin. Higher baseline 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with decreased fasting and 1‐h post‐OGTT glucose and reduced risk of GDM at 26–28 wk, as well as with longer gestation and reduced risk of PTB upon additional adjustment for caesarean section. Adding HMW‐adiponectin to the multivariable models attenuated most associations, and HMW‐adiponectin was a significant predictor in the models.ConclusionOur findings suggest that lower maternal 25(OH)D concentrations in overweight/obese pregnant women at high‐risk of GDM are associated with increased cardiometabolic risks during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and that these associations may be mediated by HMW‐adiponectin.
Child Health in Elementary School Following California's Paid Family Leave Program
Authors: Lichtman‐Sadot Shirlee , Bell Neryvia Pillay 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe evaluate changes in elementary school children health outcomes following the introduction of California's Paid Family Leave (PFL) program, which provided parents with paid time off following the birth of a child. Our health outcomes—overweight, ADHD, and hearing‐related problems—are characterized by diagnosis rates that only pick up during early elementary school. Moreover, our health outcomes have been found to be negatively linked with many potential implications of extended maternity leave—increased breastfeeding, prompt medical checkups at infancy, reduced prenatal stress, and reduced non‐parental care during infancy. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Studies (ECLS) within a difference‐in‐differences framework, our results suggest improvements in health outcomes among California elementary school children following PFL's introduction. Furthermore, the improvements are driven by children from less advantaged backgrounds, which is consistent with the notion that California's PFL had the greatest effect on leave‐taking duration after childbirth mostly for less advantaged mothers who previously could not afford to take unpaid leave.
A cross‐national review of evidence‐based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and United States
Authors: Robinson Lee , Bond Caroline 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe most thoroughly researched topic in relation to autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) is the evaluation of interventions. Educational psychology in the United Kingdom and Ireland is the most closely allied profession to school psychology in the United States. In considering what is published by and for the profession, it is important to include all of those journals that are directly relevant to the profession including educational psychology journals. This review reports on the type, focus, and quality of school‐based ASD intervention research reported in school and educational psychology journals between 2005 and 2015. Twelve evaluation studies are reported, which evaluated 10 discrete interventions and two commercial packages. These interventions targeted academic, social, communication, and behavioral outcomes. Implications for the practice of school psychologists are discussed including the application of research to the idiographic nature of the work of school psychologists.