bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric and cytomorphologic characterization of EGFR‐mutated cancer cells—comparison between cultured lung cancer cell lines and lung adenocarcinoma clinical samples
Authors: Nishiyama Naoko , Taguchi Kenichi , Yokoyama Toshihiro , Ichinose Yukito , Kage Masayoshi 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundRecently molecular targeting therapies such as inhibition of enzyme activities associated with gene mutations responsible for lung carcinogenesis have been demonstrating promising outcomes, increasing the importance of gene analysis using clinical samples. Cytomorphologic findings with predictive value toward specific gene mutation such as EGFR mutation could be a useful tool to select appropriate gene analyses using limited clinical samples.MethodsMorphometrical and cytomorphological evaluations were performed in 7 cultured lung cancer cell lines and 51 lung adenocarcinoma clinical samples to identify specific cytomorphologic characterization of EGFR‐mutated cancer cells compared to the wild type.ResultsMorphometry demonstrated that the EGFR mutated cell lines had significantly smaller nuclear area and perimeter and more circular nuclei compared to the wild type. In contrast, EGFR‐mutated clinical samples had significantly greater nuclear area and perimeter compared to the wild type EGFR samples. There were no clear differences in cytomorphologic parameters assessing nuclear atypicality between EGFR mutated cells and wild type EGFR cells in either cultured cell lines or clinical samples.ConclusionAlthough our study suggested that EGFR mutation may have specific effects on nuclear morphology, no consistent characteristics of EGFR‐mutated cells were identified in the clinical samples, probably due to various factors such as different pathologic stages and various incidences of lepidic growth. Further assessment of morphological characterization of EGFR‐mutated cells in lung adenocarcinoma is warranted, increasing the number of samples and considering the effects of polyploidy, other gene mutations, pathology stage and tumor subtypes such as lepidic growth. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:717–724. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maternal behavior influences development of a reflexive action pattern in the newborn rat
Authors: Kauer Sierra D. , Allmond Jacob T. , Belnap Starlie C. , Brumley Michele R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study examined the effect of maternal behavior on the expression and postnatal development of a reflexive behavior in rat pups. In neonatal rats, the leg extension response (LER) is a bilateral hyperextension of the hindlimbs in response to maternal anogenital licking (AGL). Past research has found that intranasal application of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) to the dam induces hyponosmia, thereby reducing the incidence of AGL. In this study, pregnant dams received intranasal application of air (control), distilled water (control), or ZnSO4 on the day before birth and every other day thereafter until postnatal day 9 (P9). The LER was experimentally evoked in pups, using a vibrotactile device, at P1, P5, or P10. Pups born to ZnSO4‐treated dams showed significantly shorter bilateral LER durations and significantly smaller ankle angles than pups born to control dams. Reduction of overall maternal AGL approached significance, and afternoon AGL was significantly reduced. These data suggest that maternal behavior influenced development of the LER in rat pups, demonstrating the influence of maternal care on behavioral development during the perinatal period.
The legacy of large regime shifts in shallow lakes
Authors: Ramstack Hobbs Joy M. , Hobbs William O. , Edlund Mark B. , Zimmer Kyle D. , Theissen Kevin M. , Hoidal Natalie , Domine Leah M. , Hanson Mark A. , Herwig Brian R. , Cotner James B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEcological shifts in shallow lakes from clear‐water macrophyte‐dominated to turbid‐water phytoplankton‐dominated are generally thought of as rapid short‐term transitions. Diatom remains in sediment records from shallow lakes in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America provide new evidence that the long‐term ecological stability of these lakes is defined by the legacy of large regime shifts. We examine the modern and historical stability of 11 shallow lakes. Currently, four of the lakes are in a clear‐water state, three are consistently turbid‐water, and four have been observed to change state from year to year (transitional). Lake sediment records spanning the past 150–200 yr suggest that (1) the diatom assemblage is characteristic of either clear or turbid lakes, (2) prior to significant landscape alteration, all of the lakes existed in a regime of a stable clear‐water state, (3) lakes that are currently classified as turbid or transitional have experienced one strong regime shift over the past 150–200 yr and have since remained in a regime where turbid‐water predominates, and (4) top‐down impacts to the lake food‐web from fish introductions appear to be the dominant driver of strong regime shifts and not increased nutrient availability. Based on our findings we demonstrate a method that could be used by lake managers to identify lakes that have an ecological history close to the clear–turbid regime threshold; such lakes might more easily be returned to a clear‐water state through biomanipulation. The unfortunate reality is that many of these lakes are now part of a managed landscape and will likely require continued intervention.
A recipe for postfledging survival in great titsParus major: be large and be early (but not too much)
Authors: Rodríguez Samuel , van Noordwijk Arie J. , Álvarez Elena , Barba Emilio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSurvival of juveniles during the postfledging period can be markedly low, which may have major consequences on avian population dynamics. Knowing which factors operating during the nesting phase affect postfledging survival is crucial to understand avian breeding strategies. We aimed to obtain a robust set of predictors of postfledging local survival using the great tit (Parus major) as a model species. We used mark–recapture models to analyze the effect of hatching date, temperatures experienced during the nestling period, fledging size and body mass on first‐year postfledging survival probability of great tit juveniles. We used data from 5192 nestlings of first clutches ringed between 1993 and 2010. Mean first‐year postfledging survival probability was 15.2%, and it was lower for smaller individuals, as well as for those born in either very early or late broods. Our results stress the importance of choosing an optimum hatching period, and raising large chicks to increase first‐year local survival probability in the studied population.
Estimating groundwater residence time and recharge patterns in a saline coastal aquifer
Authors: Caschetto M. , Colombani N. , Mastrocicco M. , Petitta M. , Aravena R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA detailed study using environmental tracers such as chloride (Cl−) and tritium (3H), deuterium (2H) and oxygen (18O) isotopes was performed in an alluvial coastal aquifer in two contrasting environments (urban and agricultural). These environmental tracers combined with a high‐resolution multi‐level sampling approach were used to estimate groundwater residence time and recharge patterns and to validate the hydrogeochemical conceptual model already proposed in previous studies. δ18O and δ2H combined with Cl− data proved that the hypersaline groundwater present in the deepest part of the aquifer was sourced from the underlying hypersaline aquitard via an upward flux. Both chemical and isotopic data were employed to calibrate a density‐dependent numerical model based on SEAWAT 4.0, where 3H and Cl− were helped quantifying solutes transport within the modelled aquifer. Model results highlighted the differences on estimated recharge in the two contrasting environments, with the urban one exhibiting concentrated recharge because of preferential infiltration associated to the storm water drains network, while scarce local recharge characterized the agriculture setting. In the urban field site, is still possible to recognize at 9 m b.g.l. the input of the atmospheric anthropogenic 3H generated by testing of thermonuclear weapons, while in the agricultural field site, the 3H peak has been washed out at 6 m b.g.l. because the groundwater circulation is restricted only to the upper fresh part of the aquifer, drained by the reclamation system. The presented approach that combined high‐resolution field monitoring, environmental tracers and numerical modelling, resulted effective in validating the conceptual model of the aquifer salinization. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploratory Literature Meta‐Analysis to Characterize the Relationship Between Early and Longer Term Body Weight Loss for Antiobesity Compounds
Authors: Plock Nele , Bax Leon , Lee Douglas , DeManno Deborah , Lahu Gezim , Pfister Marc 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe presented analysis was performed to characterize the relationship between treatment‐related early (week 4) and longer term (3–6 months) weight loss to understand the potential utility of 4‐week proof‐of‐mechanism studies in the early decision‐making process during clinical development of new antiobesity compounds. A regression‐based meta‐analysis was performed leveraging publically available clinical outcomes data to (1) characterize the within‐trial relationship between treatment‐related early and longer term body weight loss and (2) identify and quantify key covariate effects on this relationship. Data from 89 randomized clinical trials with 209 treatment arms, representing observations from 54 461 patients and 9 treatments, were available for the meta‐analysis. Results indicated that (1) there is a correlation between treatment‐related early and longer term body weight loss (r > 0.9), (2) baseline body weight influences the relationship between early and longer term weight loss, whereas comorbidity such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, class of drugs including GLP‐1 analogues and the antiobesity compounds lorcaserin or phentermine/topiramate showed no significant effects on this relationship. The model was externally evaluated with data from the investigational compound beloranib, for which longer term weight loss could be successfully predicted based on early response data. Based on these results, the identified strong relationship between treatment‐related early and longer term weight loss appears to be independent of mechanism of action. Thus, findings from this analysis can optimize design of clinical studies and facilitate development of new anti‐obesity compounds.
Sub‐seasonal teleconnections between convection over the Indian Ocean, the East African long rains and tropical Pacific surface temperatures
Authors: Vigaud N. , Lyon B. , Giannini A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTSince 1999, the increased frequency of dry conditions over East Africa, particularly during the March–May (MAM) season, has heightened concerns in a region already highly insecure about food. The underlying mechanisms, however, are still not yet fully understood. This article analyses a proxy for daily convection variations over a large region encompassing East Africa and the whole Indian Ocean basin by applying a cluster analysis to more than 30 years of daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). Focusing on the MAM season to investigate relationships with East African long rains, four recurrent convection regimes associated with wet/dry conditions in East Africa are identified. Interestingly, all four regimes are related to western/central Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and rainfall. Wet regimes are associated with cool and dry/warm and wet conditions over the Maritime Continent (MC)/tropical Pacific east of the date line. Dry regimes exhibit opposite SST/rainfall dipole patterns in the Pacific compared to wet regimes, with the Indian Ocean found to modulate impacts on East African rainfall. Significant relationships between off‐equatorial warming in the west Pacific and a more frequent dry regime in May since 1998–1999 suggest an earlier onset of the monsoon and Somali jet, consistent with the recent abrupt shift observed in East African long rains and their modulation at multi‐decadal time scales of the Pacific.
Time‐dependent loss of mitochondrial function precedes progressive histologic cartilage degeneration in a rabbit meniscal destabilization model
Authors: Goetz Jessica E. , Coleman Mitchell C. , Fredericks Douglas C. , Petersen Emily , Martin James A. , McKinley Todd O. , Tochigi Yuki 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe goals of this work were to characterize progression of osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration in a rabbit medial meniscus destabilization (MMD) model and then to use the model to identify pre‐histologic disruptions in chondrocyte metabolism under chronically elevated joint contact stresses in vivo. To characterize PTOA progression, 24 rabbits received either MMD or sham surgery. Limb loading was analyzed preoperatively and at regular postoperative intervals using a Tekscan pressure‐sensitive walkway. Animals were euthanized 8 (n = 8 MMD; n = 8 sham) or 26 weeks (n = 8 MMD) postoperatively for histological cartilage evaluation by an objective, semi‐automated Mankin scoring routine. To examine pre‐histologic pathology, MMD was performed on an additional 20 rabbits, euthanized 1 (n = 9) or 4 weeks (n = 10) postoperatively. Chondrocytes were harvested fresh for measurement of mitochondrial function, an intracellular indicator of pathology after mechanical injury. Both MMD and sham surgery caused slight decreases in limb loading which returned to preoperative levels after 2 weeks. Histologically apparent cartilage damage progressed from 8 to 26 weeks after MMD. Changes in chondrocyte respiration were variable at 1 week, but by 4 weeks postoperatively chondrocyte mitochondrial function was significantly reduced. Many human injuries that lead to PTOA are relatively mild, and the cell‐level mechanisms leading to disease remain unclear. We have documented PTOA progression in an animal model of subtle joint injury under continued use, and demonstrated that this model provides a realistic environment for investigation of multi‐stage cellular pathology that develops prior to overt tissue degeneration and which could be targeted for disease modifying treatments. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:590–599, 2017.
Electromechanical probe and automated indentation maps are sensitive techniques in assessing early degenerated human articular cartilage
Authors: Sim Sotcheadt , Chevrier Anik , Garon Martin , Quenneville Eric , Lavigne Patrick , Yaroshinsky Alex , Hoemann Caroline D. , Buschmann Michael D. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTRecent advances in the development of new drugs to halt or even reverse the progression of Osteoarthritis at an early‐stage requires new tools to detect early degeneration of articular cartilage. We investigated the ability of an electromechanical probe and an automated indentation technique to characterize entire human articular surfaces for rapid non‐destructive discrimination between early degenerated and healthy articular cartilage. Human cadaveric asymptomatic articular surfaces (four pairs of distal femurs and four pairs of tibial plateaus) were used. They were assessed ex vivo: macroscopically, electromechanically, (maps of the electromechanical quantitative parameter, QP, reflecting streaming potentials), mechanically (maps of the instantaneous modulus, IM), and through cartilage thickness. Osteochondral cores were also harvested from healthy and degenerated regions for histological assessment, biochemical analyses, and unconfined compression tests. The macroscopic visual assessment delimited three distinct regions on each articular surface: Region I was macroscopically degenerated, region II was macroscopically normal but adjacent to regions I and III was the remaining normal articular surface. Thus, each extracted core was assigned to one of the three regions. A mixed effect model revealed that only the QP (p < 0.0001) and IM (p < 0.0001) were able to statistically discriminate the three regions. Effect size was higher for QP and IM than other assessments, indicating greater sensitivity to distinguish early degeneration of cartilage. When considering the mapping feature of the QP and IM techniques, it also revealed bilateral symmetry in a moderately similar distribution pattern between bilateral joints. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:858–867, 2017.
High Internal Phase Emulsion Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Pentadecanolide: Strategy to Obtain Porous Scaffolds in a Single Step
Authors: Sharma Esha , Samanta Archana , Pal Jit , Bahga Supreet S. , Nandan Bhanu , Srivastava Rajiv K. 
Published: June 2016

Single‐step process for production of porous scaffold based on poly(pentadecanolide) (PPDL) is reported. The scaffold is produced via in situ porosity generation during ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of the lactone pentadecanolide (PDL) in high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) using a water soluble enzyme (Lipase TL) as catalyst. The enzyme present in dispersed aqueous phase of HIPE effectively carries out ROP of monomer present in continuous oil phase. The polymerization occurs at the interface of oil and water in HIPE and complete monomer conversion is achieved in 96 h at 40 °C. Porous scaffold having interconnected pores is obtained as the final product and formation of PPDL is confirmed by spectroscopic and thermal analysis. The process thus developed is a single‐step process to produce porous scaffolds via ROP of a lactone that can be extended to see its efficacy using monomer‐soluble organometallic catalysts and monomers other than PDL including lactones, lactides, and cyclic carbonates.
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Structural Exploration of Phantom Oligoguanidine from Asymmetric Diamine and Guanidine Hydrochloride
Authors: Wang Hui , Bethke Christian , Hermann Markus , Frenking Gernot , Agarwal Seema 
Published: June 2016

Condensation reaction of asymmetric triamine (spermidine) with guanidine hydrochloride provides a phantom structure with selective formation of rings in the repeat unit. The intermolecular condensation between amine and guanidine hydrochloride can provide either a linear structure or six‐ or seven‐membered rings in the repeat unit by elimination of one or three molecules of ammonia, respectively, per repeat unit. The preference of formation of rings and mechanistic aspects are studied by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, 1D, 2D NMR, and quantum chemical calculations.
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I'll Have Fries with That: Increasing Choice Complexity Promotes Indulgent Food Choices
Authors: Lee Yong Kyu , Weaver Kimberlee , Garcia Stephen M. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThree studies showed that the way that options are presented in a choice set—as combinations of intersecting attributes or in a more sequential “a la carte” choice format—affects the degree to which consumers adhere to their goals in the consumption setting. Specifically, using the context of food consumption and healthy eating, results showed that consumers were more likely to make double indulgent choices, the choice of both an indulgent entrée and an indulgent side item, when choosing from a menu consisting of predetermined “combination meals” than when selecting among the same entrée and side options in an a la carte fashion. Studies 2 and 3 implicated a goal distraction mechanism in driving the effect; the combination format, with its cross‐cutting of product choices into various combinations, reduces the salience of goal‐related constructs on implicit measures. In showing that different product presentation formats can affect the degree to which consumers make goal‐consistent choices, the current work adds to work on the effects of environmental influences on goal progress and goal achievement. Implications for encouraging goal‐consistent behavior in the context of healthy eating as well as other important consumer goal contexts are discussed.
Franchising in Europe: Exploring the Case of Spain with Self‐organizing Time Maps
Authors: Calderon‐Monge Esther , Pastor‐Sanz Iván , Ribeiro‐Soriano Domingo 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTEconomic crises affect both the organizational side and the brand side of the franchise. Using self‐organizing time maps, this study examines how franchise brand behavior influences decisions by potential franchisees in Spain. The findings confirm that franchising offers an alternative to the business turnaround strategy, which firms apply when faced with adverse changes in the environment such as those caused by the economic crisis in Spain. Results show that all franchise brands within the same sector behaved similarly, except for brands in the catering sector, which displayed varying responses to the economic changes. The authors discuss the implications of these results for future franchisees.
Precision Chain‐Walking Polymerization of trans‐4‐Octene Catalyzed by α‐Diimine Nickel(II) Catalysts Bearing ortho‐sec‐Phenethyl Groups
Authors: Wang Fuzhou , Tanaka Ryo , Cai Zhengguo , Nakayama Yuushou , Shiono Takeshi 
Published: June 2016

α‐Diimine nickel complexes bearing bulky ortho‐sec‐phenethyl groups (bis{[N,N′‐(4‐methyl‐2,6‐di‐sec‐phenethylphenyl)imino]‐1,2‐dimethylethane}dibromonickel (1), bis{[N,N′‐(4,6‐dimethyl‐2‐sec‐phenethylphenyl)imino]‐1,2‐dimethylethane}dibromonickel (2), bis{[N,N′‐(4‐methyl‐2‐sec‐phenethylphenyl)imino]‐1,2‐dimethylethane}dibromonickel (3)) and {bis[N,N′‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imino]‐1,2‐dimethylethane}dibromidonickel (4) are used as a precatalyst for the polymerization of trans‐4‐octene upon activation with modified methylaluminoxane. These catalysts conduct chain‐walking polymerization of trans‐4‐octene to give polymers possessing propyl and butyl branches with high molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution. The branching structure depends on the nickel complex as well as the polymerization temperature, and the ratio of propyl branch was increased with increasing the bulkiness of the ligand and decreasing the polymerization temperature. Consequently, the most bulky 1 among the complexes used is found to polymerize trans‐4‐octene with high 1,5‐regioselectivity at −20 °C to give poly(1‐propylpentan‐1,5‐diyl).
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Poly(HEMA) Microbeads with Multi Amine Surface Functions for Reversible Metal Complex Formation
Authors: Tukenmez Ece , Bicak Niyazi 
Published: June 2016

SummaryPolymer microbeads consisting of 20% 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 70% methyl methacrylate (MMA), and 10% ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) were methane sulfonated (mesylated) using equivalent methane sulfonyl chloride‐pyridine. The methane sulfonate surface groups generated were employed as cationic initiation sites for surface initiated polymerization (SIP) of 2‐methyl 2‐oxazoline. The acetyl groups of resulting poly‐oxazoline brushes were hydrolyzed to polyethylene imines. This methane sulfonated group was also used for substitution of triethylenetetramine (TETA) by direct action. The resulting multi amine ligands on the surfaces were demonstrated to bind Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions reversibly.