bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Program Reach and Motivational Correlates of Exercise Behavior among Program Participants with Visual Impairment
Authors: Wilson Kathryn E. , Shapiro Deborah R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Adults with visual impairments (VI) experience unique barriers to exercise. Targeted exercise programming can eliminate barriers, but little is known about who engages in such programs. This cross-sectional study a) describes program reach and motivational correlates of exercise behavior among members of specialized exercise programs offered to adults with VI; b) examines demographic, psychological, and behavioral differences according to VI severity; and c) assesses the interrelationships between motivational characteristics and exercise behavior.

Methods
Data for program participants were provided to researchers by the partnered organization with participant consent. A total of 118 participants also completed a post-program survey on motivational characteristics and exercise behavior. Reach was assessed with descriptive statistics. T-tests and chi-squared tests were used to analyze respondent representativeness compared to the population of program participants (demographically) and normative values (motivationally). Analysis of variance examined differences according to VI severity. Pearson’s correlations and multiple regression assessed strength and independence of relationships between motivational variables and exercise.

Results
Programs attracted mostly equivalent groups of individuals across gender and varying severity of VI. Survey respondents were representative of program participants but were significantly more approach motivated and less avoidance motivated than published norms, and mostly exhibited autonomous forms of motivational regulation for exercise. Differences according to VI severity were not significant. Relationships between approach motivation and exercise were no longer significant when modeled with motivational regulation for exercise. Identified regulation was the lone significant predictor of exercise in the multivariate model.

Conclusion
This study presents a novel understanding of the demographic and motivational reach of specialized programming for adults with VI, as well as the motivational correlates of exercise behavior among existing program participants. Motivational characteristics were related to exercise behavior in a way that was consistent with theory, such that contextualized motivational regulation demonstrated stronger associations with exercise behavior than motivational dispositions.
The Adult Orthodontic– Restorative Interface. Part 1: Concepts of Treatment and Presenting Challenges
Authors: Bryce Graeme , Smith Robert , Stagles Christopher 
Published: October 2024

This is the first article in a three-part series that discusses joint orthodontic–restorative care for the adult patient. Part 1 presents an overview of the clinical presentations, challenges and strategies that may be employed to treat this complex patient group. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The reader should be able to describe a care pathway, with potential associated complications, for the provision of adult orthodontic–restorative treatment.
Electrosurgical Adjunct for Soft Tissue Management of the Paediatric Dental Trauma Patient
Authors: Roocroft Lucy , Srinivasan Vidya 
Published: October 2024

The interface between dental restorations and the neighbouring soft tissue is of key significance for restorative success and longevity. Trauma-related enamel–dentine fractures are frequently present with the restorative challenge of subgingival margins and little remaining tooth structure. This report looks at two paediatric dental trauma patients with extensive crown fractures resulting in subgingival margins, which posed a poor long-term tooth survival. Electrosurgery was used before definitive composite restorations to allow for supragingival margins and access. Each patient attended the Child Dental Health Department at the University of Manchester Dental Hospital for assessment and treatment provision. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article identifies electrosurgery as an increasingly useful adjunct to restorative management of traumatized permanent incisor teeth in paediatric patients.
Considerations for the Management of Early Complications in Bone Regeneration: A Case Report
Authors: Delgado Gonzalo , Meza‑Mauricio Jonathan , Valdivia Erick , Vergara‑Buenaventura Andrea 
Published: October 2024

This case report evaluates the possible reasons for early complications after guided bone regeneration, as well as options for their management. A thorough evaluation prior to surgery will help determine appropriate planning. Each clinician should be aware of the goals and possible limitations of the treatment to be performed to ensure optimal patient care. The management of the membrane, early exposure and contamination with a second bone augmentation surgery provided a sufficient amount of bone to place a dental implant in a correct three-dimensional position. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The correct approach for the management of the complications for regenerative bone therapy is highlighted.
Endodontics: The Sequel or the Surgical
Authors: Pandya Jay-Krishan , Walker Lucy , Edwards David 
Published: October 2024

This narrative review considers the common clinical dilemma of choosing from non-surgical root canal re-treatment (NSRCreT), surgical root canal re-treatment or dental extraction. While orthograde root canal treatment is generally successful, cases with unresolved symptoms or persistent infection prompt the need for orthograde root canal re-treatment or surgical intervention. The latter involves microsurgery, reserved for suitable cases. Deciding on the appropriate treatment requires a holistic understanding of the patient, the existing dentition and specific tooth factors. This article discusses insights into decision-making, fostering optimal endodontic care and successful treatment outcomes. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of current recommendations regarding non-surgical root canal re-treatment, extraction or referral for apical surgery is useful knowledge.
Introduction: Human Perception and Digital Information Technologies
Authors: Tamari Tomoko 
Published: October 2024

The book explores how digital information technologies have created a huge impact on human perception and experience by engaging with three key components: animation, the body and affect. Animation in this collection encapsules not only modalities and ‘techniques’ of moving images in both ‘frame-by-frame’ analogue and computer-generated images, but also can be seen as a field of affective perception. We sense animation as an actuality in the mind, as well as seeing it as an illusion on the screen. Such emotional, sensory, and psychological experiences point to the vital role of the body. In this book, then, the discussion of affect focuses specifically on psycho-physical sensations and neuroscientific accounts to explore the dynamic interaction between human perception and moving images. Yet human perception is not simply a part of the organic body, since the body is bio-socially constituted with the capacity for agency and projecting its own subjectivity onto the environment. Hence, the book seeks to go beyond the debates that dichotomize biological/neuronal reductionism and social constructionism, in order to better understand the range of affective and embodied experiences in the era of digital information society.
Wealth-related inequality in vitamin A rich food consumption among children of age 6–23 months in Ethiopia; Wagstaff decomposition of the 2019 mini-DHS data
Authors: Merid Mehari Woldemariam , Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Godana Tilahun Nega , Kibret Anteneh Ayelign , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Asratie Melaku Hunie , Chilot Dagmawi , Belay Daniel Gashaneh 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Vitamin A (VA) cannot be made in the human body and thus foods rich in VA are the only sources of vitamin A for the body. However, ensuring availability in adequate amount of foods rich in VA remains a challenge, mainly in low-income counties including Ethiopia. In addition, children from the poorest and less educated families of same country have disproportionately limited consumptions of foods rich in VA. Therefore, the present study aimed assessing the wealth related inequality in vitamin A consumption (VAC) and decompose it to the various contributing factors.

Methods
This study was conducted using the 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data on a weighted sample of 1,497 children of age 6–23 months in Ethiopia. The wealth related inequality in VAC was quantified using concentration index and plotted using concentration curve. The Wagstaff decomposition analysis was performed to assess the relative contributions of each explanatory variable to the inequalities in the overall concentration index of VAC.

Result
The overall Wagstaff normalized concentration index (C) analyses of the wealth-related inequality in consumption of foods rich in VA among children aged 6–23 months was [C = 0.25; 95% C: 0.15, 0.35]. Further decomposition of the C by the explanatory variables reported the following contributions; primary level of women’s education (7.2%), secondary and above (17.8%), having ANC visit during pregnancy (62.1%), delivery at a health institution (26.53%), living in the metropolis (13.7%), central region (34.2%), child age 18–23 months (4.7%) contributed to the observed wealth related inequality in the consumption of foods rich in vitamin A in Ethiopia.

Conclusion
We found pro-rich wealth-related inequality in VAC among children of age 6–23 months in Ethiopia. Additionally, maternal education, region, ANC visit, and place of delivery were the significant contributors of wealth-related inequality of VAC. Nutritional related interventions should prioritise children from poorer households and less educated mothers. Moreover, enhancing access to ANC and health facilities delivery services through education, advocacy, and campaign programs is highly recommended in the study setting.
Study protocol of a breathing and relaxation intervention included in antenatal education: A randomised controlled trial (BreLax study)
Authors: Leutenegger Vanessa , Wieber Frank , Daly Deirdre , Sultan-Beyer Leila , Bagehorn Jennifer , Pehlke-Milde Jessica 
Published: October 2024

Background
Antenatal education is part of antenatal care in many countries. Physical and mental preparation for childbirth and information on pain management are considered key elements of antenatal education classes. Evidence suggests that women who participate in antenatal education classes appear to benefit in terms of self-efficacy and childbirth experience. In particular, women with increased fear of childbirth benefit from trained breathing and relaxation techniques in antenatal education. However, little is known about the effect of breathing and relaxation techniques on the outcomes of healthy pregnant women without fear of childbirth or who do not have medical or obstetric risks, or on neonatal outcomes.

Objective
The aim of this study is to test whether including a breathing and relaxation technique in an antenatal education class will improve self-efficacy towards birth compared to a standard antenatal education class.

Methods
The study will be a two-armed randomised controlled trial (RCT). Healthy pregnant women between the 12th and 30th week of gestation with singleton low-risk pregnancies and who are receiving routine antenatal care will be recruited in a hospital in Switzerland. All women included will attend an 8-hour antenatal education class. The intervention group will additionally practise a breathing and relaxation technique, receive a handbook to guide their exercise practice at home, and be provided with access to an online brochure with video and audio recordings for guidance. Data on maternal and neonatal outcomes will be collected after recruitment, in the 37th week of pregnancy, and two to four weeks postpartum.

Discussion
The effectiveness of including a breathing and relaxation technique in antenatal education classes on women’s self-efficacy is discussed as a means to improving women’s pregnancy and childbirth outcomes.

Trial registration number
NCT06003946, SNCTP000005672.
Financial resources, access to care, and quality of care mediate racial disparities in statin usage for secondary prevention
Authors: Wong Christopher , Marrast Lyndonna , Rasul Rehana , Srivastava Ratnam , Kuvin Jeffrey , Roswell Robert , Conigliaro Joseph , Kim Eun Ji 
Published: October 2024

Background
There are disparities in statin therapy for the secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The role of structural racism in this disparity has not been examined.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of participants with ASCVD in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey from 2014–2017. Mediation analysis is utilized to estimate the direct effect of race and indirect effect of financial resources, access to care, and quality of care on statin usage.

Results
The proportion of participants using statins by race/ethnicity were 58.5% for non-Hispanic Whites, 45% for Hispanics, 48.6% for Blacks, 61.6% for Asians, and 46.8% for Others. Statin usage was lower for Hispanics (OR = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [0.65–0.96]) and Blacks (OR = 0.80 [0.66–0.95]) compared to Whites. Hispanic, Black, and Other participants with the same financial resources, access to care, and quality of care as White participants did not have significantly different statin usage compared to White participants (Hispanic: OR = 0.98 [0.79–1.13]; Black (OR = 0.88 [0.76–1.06], Other: OR 0.76, 95% CI [0.56–1.15]). Hispanic, Black, and Other participants had significantly lower statin usage than subjects of the same race but with financial resources, access to care, and quality of care observed in White subjects (Hispanic: OR = 0.83 [0.83–0.92]; Black: OR = 0.91[0.88–0.94]; Other: OR = 0.92 [0.87–0.98]).

Discussion
The indirect effect of race and ethnicity on statin therapy are significant but the direct effect of race and ethnicity on statin therapy are insignificant among Blacks and Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic Whites. This suggests that racial disparities in statin therapy are mediated through inequitably distributed resources, suggestive of the impact of structural racism.
Knowledge toward quality improvement among Jordanian nursing students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Al Omar Saleh , Khalifeh Anas H. , Hammad Bahaaeddin M. , Abdelrahim Zakaria M. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Nurses have a critical role in quality improvement (QI) and patient safety. This necessitates gaining knowledge and mastering QI abilities to lead and participate in QI programs in clinical practice.

Aim
To assess undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge about QI, and experience of patient safety situation; and examine the relationship between obtaining information on healthcare quality and knowledge about QI in Jordan.

Design
A descriptive cross-sectional correlational design was used. The study engaged undergraduate nursing students from two Jordanian universities (Public and private universities). A convenient sample of 147 nursing undergraduate students from universities.

Methods
Data were collected using paper-based self-reported questionnaires. The Quality Improvement Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes (QulSKA) survey and the Healthcare Professional Patient Safety Assessment Curriculum Survey (HPPSACS) were used to assess knowledge about QI and patient safety.

Results
Out of 152 students, 147 completed the study. Overall, QI knowledge was moderate (mean score 57.7). Students from the private university scored significantly higher than public university students. Regarding patient safety, 74.8% of students observed medical errors in clinical areas. However, only 57.1% of the students disclosed a medical error to a faculty member. Also, the results showed a significant positive correlation between knowledge level about QI and obtaining information about QI, quality in healthcare, and patient safety from sources other than the undergraduate nursing program at universities (p≤.001).

Conclusions
This study suggests a potential gap in QI education. Integrating QI concepts into nursing curricula may be necessary to prepare future nurses for healthcare quality improvement.
Genetically conditioned interaction among microRNA‐155, alpha‐klotho, and intra‐renal RAS in male rats: Link to CKD progression
Authors: Harrison‐Bernard L. M. , Raij L. , Tian R. X. , Jaimes E. A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIncident chronic kidney disease (CKD) varies in populations with hypertension of similar severity. Proteinuria promotes CKD progression in part due to activation of plasminogen to plasmin in the podocytes, resulting in oxidative stress‐mediated injury. Additional mechanisms include deficiency of renal alpha‐klotho, that inhibits Wnt/beta‐catenin, an up regulator of intra‐renal renin angiotensin system (RAS) genes. Alpha‐klotho deficiency therefore results in upregulation of the intra‐renal RAS via Wnt/beta‐catenin. In hypertensive, Dahl salt sensitive (DS) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we investigated renal and vascular injury, miR‐155, AT1R, alpha‐klotho, and TNF‐α. Hypertensive high salt DS (DS‐HS), but not SHR developed proteinuria, plasminuria, and glomerulosclerosis. Compared to DS low salt (DS‐LS), in hypertensive DS‐HS alpha‐klotho decreased 5‐fold in serum and 2.6‐fold in kidney, whereas serum mir‐155 decreased 3.3‐fold and AT1R increased 52% in kidney and 77% in aorta. AT1R, alpha‐klotho, and miR‐155 remained unchanged in prehypertensive and hypertensive SHR. TNF‐α increased by 3‐fold in serum and urine of DS‐HS rats. These studies unveiled in salt sensitive DS‐HS, but not in SHR, a genetically conditioned dysfunction of the intermolecular network integrated by alpha‐klotho, RAS, miR‐155, and TNF‐α that is at the helm of their end‐organ susceptibility while plasminuria may participate as a second hit.
False HbA1c value due to a rare variant of hemoglobin Petie Salpetriere coinherited with alpha thalassemia
Authors: Lepe Balsalobre Esperanza , Varo Sánchez Gema María , Rico Rodríguez Marta , Fuentes Cantero Sandra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To describe a variant hemoglobin that interferes with HbA1c analysis by cation exchange HPLC.

Case presentation
A 78 years-old Spanish male patient visited the Internal Medicine Clinic for a routine check-up, with HbA1c included to screen for diabetes. He had suffered hypertension and dyslipidemia, and the patient had no previous symptoms suggestive of diabetes such as hyperglycemia, weight loss, polydipsia, polyuria or tiredness. Diabetes screening by HbA1c measurement was assessed using cation exchange HPLC and an immunoassay point-of-care analyzer. Routine hemoglobinopathy screening was performed including CBC, HbF and HbA2 measurement by cation exchange HPLC and capillary electrophoresis (CE). Further variant characterization was undertaken by DNA sequencing. Discordant HbA1c results were obtained for our subject, with elevated HbA1c of 52 mmol/mol measured by cation exchange HPLC and a normal level of 34 mmol/mol by immunoassay. Abnormal HbA1c peak shape prompted hemoglobinopathy screening to investigate potential variant interference. A globin gene analysis was performed, and the results showed a variant hemoglobin named ‘Hb Petie Salpetriere’. This variant arises from a Val → Phe substitution due to a mutation of c.103G>T of the beta-globin gene [BETA34 (B16) Val>Phe; HBB:c.103G>T].

Conclusions
This is the first reported case involving the Hb Petie Salpetriere variant in a Spanish patient. The present results show that the Hb Petie Salpetriere variant can affect the results of HbA1c analysis through ion-exchange HPLC, but not that obtained from the latex agglutination immunoassay. Only ion-exchange HPLC suggested the presence of the Hb variant in this case, suggesting that a careful review of the resulting chromatogram might reveal a potential variant.
Research on microscopic structure–activity relationship of AP particle–matrix interface in HTPB propellant
Authors: Zou Zijie , Qiang Hongfu , Zhou Junhong , Zhang Fengtao , Wang Xueren , Li Yiyi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The matrix and particle interface of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant is the weakest part of its mechanical properties, making it prone to dewetting damage and destroying the structural integrity of the propellant. This article uses nano-indentation, gas cluster ion beam etching, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experimental analyses to study the physicochemical properties of the interface and subsequently construct a microscopic model for the HTPB matrix and ammonium perchlorate particle interface. The model fully considers the existing forms of curing agent toluene diisocyanate, bonding agent Tris (2-methyl-aziridine) phosphine oxide (MAPO), and the aging products of the propellant in the interface structure. Meanwhile, the physicochemical properties, mechanical properties, and adhesive properties of the interface under different tensile loading conditions were analyzed. The results indicate that the bonding agent MAPO significantly enhances the mechanical and adhesive properties of the interface. The interface is sensitive to changes in temperature and tensile rate, and the aged interface is more fragile.
Formulation of Felodipine lipid nanoparticle-loaded oral fast-dissolving films
Authors: Naik Suparna Anand , DCruz Cleona Elizabeth Mary , Kumar Lalit , Shirodkar Rupesh Kalidas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Felodipine, a calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension, is a BCS Class II drug characterized by low solubility, high permeability and significant hepatic metabolism, which limits its bioavailability to 15 %. This study focuses on improving the bioavailability of Felodipine by developing oral fast-dissolving films (OFDFs) incorporating lipid nanoparticles. Felodipine loaded lipid nanoparticles were prepared using glyceryl monooleate (GMO) as lipid and Poloxamer 407 as the surfactant, and then incorporated into OFDFs using the solvent casting technique. A Box-Behnken design with Design Expert Stat-Ease® 360 was used to evaluate the impact of GMO, Poloxamer 407 concentration, and sonication time on particle size and entrapment efficiency. The resulting nanoparticle dispersions had particle sizes ranging from 74.92 nm to 112.1 nm and entrapment efficiencies between 80.43 % and 95.23 %. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed successful drug encapsulation. The OFDF showed optimal mechanical properties, disintegration within (41.33 ± 3.51) s, and an in-vitro drug release of (89.82 ± 2.75) % in 6 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a smooth, uniform, porous surface and the films remained stable for three months. The study concludes that Felodipine loaded lipid nanoparticles in fast-dissolving OFDFs improve permeability, dissolution, and onset of action, making them a promising approach for antihypertensive therapy.