bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of dietary polyphenols from black soybean seed coats on islet and renal function in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Qiu Ju , Zhu Hong , Liu Peng , Wang Jing , Lu Lingang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic effects of the crude polyphenol extract (BSCP) from black soybean seed coats (BSC) and the whole flour of BSC and illustrate the mechanism in terms of islet and renal protection.RESULTSBSCP and BSC effectively controlled the increased blood glucose level and impaired glucose tolerance in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats after 8 weeks of treatment. They increased the concentrations of serum insulin, C‐peptide and Glp‐1 (P < 0.05) by improving the STZ‐induced damage of islet β‐cells and increasing their insulin expression (P < 0.05). Lipid profiles and antioxidant activities were also improved. Moreover, BSCP and BSC tended to decrease serum creatinine (0.05 < P < 0.1), and blood urea nitrogen was decreased by BSC significantly (P < 0.05). They also led to significantly lower glomerular volume (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONLong‐term intervention with BSC at a low dose of polyphenols plays a role in controlling blood glucose and lipids levels by promoting insulin secretion and restoring islet β‐cell function, the same as BSCP. These benefits are accompanied by their potential protection of diabetic renal dysfunction. BSCP is mainly responsible for the antidiabetic effect of BSC. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Functional Limitations Among Responders to the World Trade Center Attacks 14 Years After the Disaster: Implications of Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Clouston Sean A. P. , Guralnik Jack M. , Kotov Roman , Bromet Evelyn J. , Luft Benjamin J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with self‐reported difficulties navigating the social and physical world and may also be associated with risk of functional limitations. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), an objective functional assessment, was administered during monitoring exams between January and December 2015 to a consecutive sample of 1,268 rescue workers, volunteers, and other responders who had aided in response, recovery, and cleanup efforts at the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York after the September 11, 2011 attacks. Data were linked with diagnostic and longitudinal data from the WTC monitoring study. Multivariable analyses were used to examine predictors of functional limitations. Prevalence estimates weighted to the general responder population revealed a relatively high prevalence of functional limitations, SPPB ≤ 9; 16.0%, 95% CI [13.7, 18.4]. Current PTSD was associated with a twofold increased risk of functional limitations after controlling for predisposing factors, trauma severity, behavioral factors, and WTC‐related medical conditions, adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 2.11, 95% CI [1.48, 3.01]. Exposure to ergonomic risk factors at the WTC also increased the risk of functional impairments, aRR = 1.34 95% CI [1.05, 1.70]. Longitudinal results suggest that individuals with current functional limitations experienced high baseline PTSD severity, B = 2.94, SE = 1.33, and increasing PTSD symptom severity, B = 0.29, SE = 0.10, since September 11, 2001. This study identified a cross‐sectional relationship between functional limitations and PTSD and a worsening of PTSD symptoms in persons who eventually demonstrated functional limitations. Results highlight the potential role of chronic PTSD in functional limitations.
Ultrasonic Perfluorohexane‐Loaded Monocyte Imaging: Toward a Minimally Invasive Technique for Selective Detection of Liver Inflammation in Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Reesink Koen D. , Hendrikx Tim , van Gorp Patrick J. , Hoeks Arnold P. , Shiri‐Sverdlov Ronit 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the utility of ultrasonic (US) perfluorohexane (PFH)‐loaded monocyte imaging for detection of liver inflammation in fatty liver disease.MethodsC57Bl6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with tumor necrosis factor α and assessed by US PFH‐loaded monocyte imaging 3 hours later. Echogenic monocytes were injected intravenously, leading to a transient increase in liver tissue intensity on a US perfusion scan. The contrast wash‐out time constant was hypothesized to reflect the degree of inflammation. Next, we evaluated US PFH‐loaded monocyte imaging in Ldlr−/− mice fed a 1‐week high‐fat/high‐cholesterol diet as model for early developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Adjunct analyses included tissue markers of liver inflammation.ResultsTumor necrosis factor α–injected mice showed a reduced wash‐out time constant (mean ± SEM, 0.013 ± 0.003; n = 8) compared to controls (0.054 ± 0.009; n = 7; P = .0006), indicative of increased inflammatory adhesion molecule expression on the endothelium. The Ldlr−/− mice fed the high‐fat/high‐cholesterol diet showed liver inflammation, as reflected by increased (3‐ to 4‐fold) infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased (3‐ to 4‐fold) gene expression of tumor necrosis factor α, integrin αM, intracellular adhesion molecule, and vascular cell adhesion molecule. However, in these mice, no difference was detected in the wash‐out time constant as assessed by US PFH‐loaded monocyte imaging (high‐fat/high‐cholesterol, 0.050 ± 0.017; n = 5; chow, 0.048 ± 0.006; n = 6; P = .91).ConclusionsOur results indicate that US PFH‐loaded monocyte imaging is able to detect vascularly expressed inflammatory adhesion molecules in the mouse liver on direct endothelial stimulation. However, in our mouse model of early developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, we did not detect inflammation by this method, which may suggest that the time‐dependent relationship between parenchymal and endothelial inflammation remains a fundamental issue to be addressed.
Round window plugging in the treatment of superior semicircular canal dehiscence
Authors: Succar Eric F. , Manickam Periakaruppan V. , Wing Sara , Walter Jeffrey , Greene Joseph S. , Azeredo William J. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives/HypothesisObjectives were to describe the use of round window plugging for superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome and review further recommendations regarding the procedure based on our experience and to compare results with recent literature on round window plugging.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsFourteen patients underwent round window plugging for superior semicircular canal dehiscence at our institution from 2012 to 2015. All patients underwent the same surgical procedure. Available pre‐ and postoperative data were reviewed.ResultsFourteen patient charts were reviewed. Symptoms of autophony improved in nine of 14 (64%) patients. Symptoms of pressure‐induced vertigo improved in seven of 12 (58%) patients. Hennebert's sign that was positive preoperatively only improved in one of six (17%) patients. A positive preoperative vestibular evoked myogenic potential improved in only one of six (17%) patients. Six of 13 (46%) patients had increased air conduction thresholds postoperatively.ConclusionsRound window plugging has been described as a less‐invasive treatment for patients with superior semicircular canal dehiscence. Although the procedure did benefit some of our patients, successful outcomes were not predictable. Improvement in at least one objective finding was seen in only 21% of the patients studied. Hennebert's sign and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials that were positive preoperatively only improved in 17% of patients. At our institution, round window plugging is no longer considered a reasonable treatment option for most patients with superior semicircular canal dehiscence. We recommend that further study on this topic follow a standardized pre‐ and postoperative assessment.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1445–1452, 2018
Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Tonsil and Adenoid Health Status Instrument
Authors: Samara Laura , Esteller Eduard , Dura Maria J. , Guirao Miquel , Cardesin Alda , Stewart Michael , Larrosa Francisco 
Published: October 2017

Objectives/HypothesisThe Tonsil and Adenoid Health Status Instrument (TAHSI) is a disease‐specific questionnaire, intended for completion by parents, for assessing quality of life related to tonsil and adenoid disease or its treatment in children with throat disorders. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish adaptation of the TAHSI, thus allowing comparison across studies and international multicenter projects.Study DesignMulticenter prospective instrument validation study.MethodsGuidelines for the cross‐cultural adaptation process from the original English‐language scale into a Spanish‐language version were followed. The psychometric properties (reproducibility, reliability, validity, responsiveness) of the Spanish version of the TAHSI (s‐TAHSI) were assessed in 51 consecutive children undergoing adeno/tonsillectomy (both before and 6 months after surgery) and a separate cohort of 50 unaffected children of comparable age range.ResultsTest‐retest reliability (γ = 0.8) and internal consistency reliability (α = 0.95) were adequate. The s‐TAHSI demonstrated satisfactory content validity (r > 0.40). The instrument showed excellent between‐groups discrimination (P < .0001) and high responsiveness to change (effect size = 2.09).ConclusionsPsychometric testing of the s‐TAHSI yielded satisfactory results, thus allowing assessment of the subjective severity of throat disorders in children.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 128:1469–1475, 2018
The radioanatomy of endonasal flap coverage of skull base defects: A tool for preoperative planning
Authors: MacArthur Francisco J. D. , McGarry Gerald W. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo develop a tool for the calculation of surgical skull base defects and endonasal flap dimensions on preoperative computed tomography (CT) to aid surgical planning.Study DesignCase series.MethodsA literature search was conducted to identify all endonasal flaps. There were five basic models identified. These are the nasoseptal flap, anterior lateral nasal wall flap, bipedicled anterior septal flap, posterior pedicled inferior turbinate flap, and middle turbinate flap. Publications on the radioanatomy of endonasal flaps and surgical skull base defects were also identified. Using these descriptions as a reference, 38 radioanatomic variables were measured on CT scans obtained from 60 preoperative endonasal skull base surgery patients. These were then used to model endonasal flap coverage of six defects: transfrontal, transcribriform, transplanar, transsellar, transsphenoidal, and transclival.ResultsThe nasoseptal provides adequate coverage for most defects. The posteriorly pedicled inferior turbinate flap is a good alternative, and provides better coverage of posterior skull base defects. The anterior lateral nasal wall flap is the best choice for transfrontal defects. The middle turbinate flap and bipedicled anterior septal flaps provide secondary options when larger flaps are not available.ConclusionsWe have developed a simple tool for the calculation of endonasal flap coverage of surgical skull base defects on preoperative CT scans.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1287–1293, 2018
Second tympanostomy tube placement in children with recurrent acute otitis media
Authors: Huyett Phillip , Sturm Joshua J. , Shaffer Amber D. , Kitsko Dennis J. , Chi David H. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the rate and predictors of electing for a second bilateral myringotomy and tympanostomy tube placement (BMT) in children with recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM).Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsCharts of 600 children who underwent BMT for RAOM between 2012 and 2014 were reviewed.ResultsThe overall rate of a second BMT was 15.2% (91/600) and occurred a median of 1.58 years after the initial BMT. The most common indication was continued RAOM with extruded tubes. There was a higher rate of second BMT in patients of younger age (1.06 vs. 1.32 years old, P < .001) and those with a positive family history of RAOM/BMT in a first‐degree relative (odds ratio [OR]: 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02‐2.73, P = .041). Identification of middle ear fluid intraoperatively (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.22‐3.26, P = .005) but not preoperatively (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 0.98‐3.57, P = .051) was associated with higher rates of second BMT. Children with bilateral intraoperative fluid (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.42‐3.58, P < .001) or fluid both preoperatively and intraoperatively (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.40‐3.61, P = .001) had greater higher risk of requiring second BMT. In this series, the finding of blocked tubes or tube otorrhea at the first postoperative visit were not predictive of an increased risk of second BMT.ConclusionsChildren who underwent BMT for RAOM were more likely to undergo second BMT if they were of younger age, had a family history of RAOM/BMT, or were found to have middle ear fluid intraoperatively. The overall second BMT rate for children with RAOM is lower than in studies examining all BMT indications.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1476–1479, 2018
The futility of intraoperative frozen section in the evaluation of follicular thyroid lesions
Authors: Bollig Craig A. , Lesko David , Gilley David , Dooley Laura M. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveInvestigate the utility of intraoperative frozen section (iFS) in patients with follicular thyroid lesions following publication of the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsPatient demographics, preoperative cytology, frozen pathology, and final pathology were reviewed on patients undergoing thyroid surgery at a tertiary care hospital in which iFS was utilized over a 5‐year period. The test performance of iFS and the frequency of indicated completion/total thyroidectomies pre‐ and postpublication of the 2015 ATA guidelines were calculated.ResultsOne hundred and one patients met inclusion criteria: 54 patients with follicular lesions of undetermined significance (FLUS) and 47 patients with a cytologic diagnosis of suspicious for follicular neoplasm/follicular neoplasm. The malignancy rate was 36%, but only 14% of malignancies were identified on iFS. A definitive benign or malignant diagnosis was given on iFS in only 21% of cases, and operative management was altered in two cases as a result of iFS. There was a statistically significant reduction in the frequency of indicated total/completion thyroidectomies based on high‐risk features as a result of the 2015 ATA guidelines compared to prior recommendations (20.8% vs. 5.0%, P = < 0.001). None of these patients had findings on iFS that would have altered management intraoperatively.ConclusionIntraoperative frozen section offers minimal diagnostic utility in the evaluation of follicular thyroid lesions. Updates in the 2015 ATA guidelines further diminish its potential to impact management intraoperatively. Significant improvements in its ability to identify malignancies would be needed to justify its use.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1501–1505, 2018
Impact of medialization laryngoplasty on dynamic nanomechanical vocal fold structure properties
Authors: Dion Gregory R. , Benedict Peter A. , Coelho Paulo G. , Amin Milan R. , Branski Ryan C. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives/HypothesisAlthough the primary goal of medialization laryngoplasty is to improve glottic closure, implant placement is also likely to alter the biomechanical properties of the vocal fold (VF). We sought to employ novel, nanoscale technology to quantify these properties following medialization based on the hypothesis that different medialization materials will likely yield differential biomechanical effects.Study DesignEx vivo.MethodsNine pig larynges were divided into three groups: control, Silastic (Dow Corning, Midland, Michigan, U.S.A.) block medialization, or Gore‐Tex (W.L. Gore & Associates, Newark, Delaware) medialization. Laryngoplasty was performed on excised, intact larynges. The larynges were then bisected in the sagittal plane and each subjected to dynamic nanomechanical analysis (nano‐DMA) at nine locations using a 250‐μm flat‐tip punch and frequency sweep‐load profile across the free edge of the VF and inferiorly along the conus elasticus.ResultsSilastic block and Gore‐Tex implant introduced increased storage and loss moduli. Overall, storage moduli mean (maximum) increased from 38 kilopascals (kPa) (119) to 72 kPa (422) and 129 kPa (978) in control, Gore‐Tex, and Silastic implants, respectively. Similarly, loss moduli increased from 13 kPa (43) to 22 kPa (201) and 31 kPa (165), respectively. Moduli values varied widely by location in the Silastic block and Gore‐Tex groups. At the free VF edge, mean (maximum) storage moduli were lowest in the Gore‐Tex group, 20 kPa (44); compared to control, 34.5 kPa (86); and Silastic, 157.9 kPa (978), with similar loss and complex moduli trends.ConclusionMedialization laryngoplasty altered VF structure biomechanical properties; Silastic and Gore‐Tex implants differentially impact these properties.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:1163–1169, 2018
Low and variable ecosystem calcification in a coral reef lagoon under natural acidification
Authors: Shamberger Kathryn E. F. , Lentz Steven J. , Cohen Anne L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLaboratory‐based CO2 experiments and studies of naturally low pH coral reef ecosystems reveal negative impacts of ocean acidification on the calcifying communities that build coral reefs. Conversely, in Palau's low pH lagoons, coral cover is high, coral communities are diverse, and calcification rates of two reef‐building corals exhibit no apparent sensitivity to the strong natural gradient in pH and aragonite saturation state (Ωar). We developed two methods to quantify rates of Net Ecosystem Calcification (NEC), the ecosystem‐level balance between calcification and dissolution, in Risong Lagoon, where average daily pH is ∼ 7.9 and Ωar ∼ 2.7. While coral cover in the lagoon is within the range of other Pacific reefs (∼ 26%), NEC rates were among the lowest measured, averaging 25.9 ± 13.7 mmol m−2 d−1 over two 4 d study periods. NEC rates were highly variable, ranging from a low of 13.7 mmol m−2 d−1 in March 2012 to a high of 40.3 mmol m−2 d−1 in November 2013, despite no significant changes in temperature, salinity, inorganic nutrients, Ωar, or pH. Our results indicate that the coral reef community of Risong Lagoon produces just enough calcium carbonate to maintain net positive calcification but comes dangerously close to net zero or negative NEC (net dissolution). Identifying the factors responsible for low NEC rates as well as the drivers of NEC variability in naturally low pH reef systems are key to predicting their futures under 21st century climate change.
Network Polydispersity and Deformation‐Induced Damage in Filled Elastomers
Authors: Tehrani Mohammad , Moshaei Mohammad Hossein , Sarvestani Alireza S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn a priori assumption in micromechanical analysis of polymeric networks is that the constitutive polymer strands are of equal length. Monodisperse distribution of strands, however, is merely a simplifying assumption. This paper relaxes this assumption and considers a vulcanized network with a broad distribution of strand length. In the light of this model, this study predicts the damage initiation and stress–stretch dependency in filled polymer networks with random internal structures. The degradation of network mechanical behavior is assumed to be controlled by the adhesive failure of the strands adsorbed to the filler surface. This study shows that the short adsorbed strands are the culprits for damage initiation and their finite extensibility is a key determinant of the mechanical strength.
Comprehensive analysis of mutations in the MEFV gene reveal that the location and not the substitution type determines symptom severity in FMF
Authors: Moradian Mike M. , Babikyan Davit , Banoian Dion , Hayrapetyan Hasmik , Manvelyan Hakob , Avanesian Nareh , Sarkisian Tamara 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundFamilial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disorder caused by mutations in the MEFV gene. These mutations appear in different populations with different frequencies and their caused symptom severities vary from mild to moderate to severe depending on the mutation type.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the mutations that have been reported in the MEFV gene from symptomatic FMF patients and compared their frequencies in different populations from the 1000 Genome and the Exome databases, using statistical clustering. We also analyzed the nucleotide and amino acid substitution patterns across the MEFV gene.ResultsWe found 16 (8%) nonsynonymous mutations outside exon 10 that did not cluster with known disease‐causing mutations (DCMs), due to their high frequencies in other populations. We also studied the substitution patterns for nucleotides and amino acids to determine the conserved and variable regions in the MEFV gene. In general more nonsynonymous substitutions were reported in exons 2, 3, and 10 from the FMF database (symptomatic FMF patients) compared to the 1000 Genome and the Exome databases. The same was true for amino acid (AA) substitutions where there were 1.5 times more radical (RAD) to conservative (CON) changes. However, when it came to AA substitutions exon 10 was quite conserved with a RAD/CON ratio of 0.9. In fact, we report that the most severe FMF symptoms are caused by conservative mutations in two highly conserved exon 10 regions.ConclusionWe found presumptive FMF‐causing mutations that did not cluster with DCMs based on their allele frequencies. We also observed that the type of mutation is less likely to determine the severity of the FMF symptoms; rather it was the location of the mutations that was the determining factor.
Developing a protocol for normothermic ex‐situ limb perfusion
Authors: Duraes Eliana F. R. , Madajka Maria , Frautschi Russell , Soliman Basem , Cakmakoglu Cagri , Barnett Addison , Tadisina Kashyap , Liu Qiang , Grady Patrick , Quintini Cristiano , Okamoto Toshihiro , Papay Francis , Rampazzo Antonio , Bassiri Gharb Bahar 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundIschemia time represents a significant limitation for successful extremity transplantation because of the rapid deterioration of ischemic muscle. Normothermic ex‐situ preservation is an emergent method to prolong the organ viability following procurement, by replicating the physiologic conditions. The aim of this study was to develop an ex‐situ normothermic limb perfusion system to preserve the viability and function of porcine limbs for 12 hours following procurement.MethodsA total of 18 swine limbs were perfused. Thirteen limbs were used to develop the perfusion protocol. Five limbs were perfused according to the optimized protocol. These limbs were perfused at 39°C for twelve hours using an oxygenated colloid solution containing red blood cells. Glucose and electrolytes were kept within physiologic range by partial perfusate exchange. Limb specific perfusion quality was assessed by muscle contractility upon electrical nerve stimulation, compartment pressure, creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin concentrations, tissue oxygen saturation (near infrared spectroscopy), indocyanine green angiography, and infrared radiation by thermographic imaging.ResultsThe last five limbs reached the 12 hours' perfusion target maintaining normal compartment pressure (16.4  ± 8.20 mmHg), minimal weight increase (0.54 ± 7.35%), and mean muscle temperature of 33.6 ± 1.67°C. Myoglobin and CK concentrations were 875 ± 291.4 ng/mL, and 53344 ± 14850.34 U/L, respectively, at the end of perfusion. Muscle contraction was present in all limbs until cessation of perfusion. Differences in uniformity and quality of distal perfusion were identified with thermography and angiography imaging at 12 hours of perfusion.ConclusionsEx‐situ normothermic limb perfusion preserves swine limb physiology and function for at least 12 hours.