bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hair Today, OR Tomorrow
Authors: Shah Rahul D. , Grither Allie , Cohen Stephanie G. , Morales-Perez Liliana , Rabiner Joni , Riera Antonio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can expedite the diagnosis of pediatric abdominal pathologies including appendicitis and intussusception. In this patient series, we present cases from multiple pediatric emergency departments that demonstrate the use of POCUS in the diagnosis of trichobezoars in children. POCUS findings include the presence of an intragastric hyperechoic mass or a hyperechoic arch and associated posterior acoustic shadowing. These findings in the appropriate clinical context should prompt further diagnostic imaging and/or surgical consultation for removal.
The Last Straw
Authors: Langford Nolan , Arif Haad , Waldrop Ian , Carpenter Chase , Sheets Nicholas 
Published: September 2024

Objectives
With the recent societal push for eco-sustainability, there has been an increase in the prevalence of reusable utensils, particularly multiuse straws. This study is the first to investigate the epidemiology of plastic, glass, and metal straw-related injuries (SRIs) presenting to the emergency department (ED).

Methods
The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was examined for SRIs from January 2012 through December 2021. Cases were stratified by sex, age, diagnosis, mechanism of injury, and straw material to monitor epidemiological patterns.

Results
A total of 1,174 SRIs presented to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System EDs from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021. The majority of injuries occurred among males (55.9%) aged 0–3 years old (43.8%). Injuries caused by reusable straws were significantly more common in patients 3 years old or younger (P < 0.001). Injuries most commonly affect the mouth (45.4%), eyes (22%), and internal structures (13.6%). Lacerations and oral injuries were significantly more common among reusable straw materials (P < 0.001). A 46.5% increase in injuries was noted from 2012 to 2021. The most common mechanism of injury was poking injury (53.5%), followed by stationary falls (19.4%), foreign body (18.7%), running and falling (5.9%), and other (2.4%). Of these cases, 46.3% of injuries were due to the improper use of straws. Metal straw injuries increased 12.8% over the study period.

Conclusions
Although most injuries occurred as accidental poking while drinking, nearly half of all injuries were sustained while using straws in an off-label manner. Ensuring the proper use of straws and monitoring children when using a straw may help to decrease the incidence of SRI. Among the options for environmentally friendly straw materials, metal straws pose the greatest risk for injuries requiring ED presentation. Thus, their use should be avoided in the pediatric population.
“Comparative study of adipose-derived stem cells from localized scleroderma patients and healthy donors in treating skin fibrosis”
Authors: Li Zhujun , Xiao Yiding , Kang Lin , Li Yunzhu , Wang Hayson Chenyu , Li Ziming , Yang Yuemei , Huang Jiuzuo , Yu Nanze , Long Xiao 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Localized scleroderma (LoS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and atrophy of the subcutaneous fat tissue. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) is a promising treatment approach for LoS. However, ASCs from scleroderma patients (LoS-ASCs) have been shown to exhibit altered characteristics compared to ASCs from healthy donors (healthy-ASCs). This study aimed to compare the abilities of LoS-ASCs and healthy-ASCs in treating skin fibrosis.

Methods:
The paracrine ability of ASCs was tested with cytokine array. Bleomycin-challenged mice models received subcutaneous injection of LoS-ASCs and healthy-ASCs. Pathological staining and western blotting of COL1, α-SMA was performed. Fibroblasts derived from LoS lesions (LoS-FB) was co-cultured with ASCs, and subjected to RNA sequencing to further explore the similarities and differences in the treatment mechanism.

Results:
In vivo comparison revealed that healthy ASCs had a stronger proliferation ability and secreted higher levels of growth factors and cytokines, including VEGFA, PDGFB, and IL-10. Pathological staining of the skin in mice models treated with ASCs demonstrated that healthy ASCs were more effective in reducing dermal thickness and collagen deposition, while increasing microvessel density and the proportion of M2 macrophages. Co-culture with both healthy-ASCs and LoS-ASCs reduced the proliferation and migration abilities of LoS-FB, as well as the protein expression of α-SMA and COL1. RNA sequencing and validation revealed potential difference in the canonical Wnt pathway.

Conclusions:
Healthy-ASCs exhibited stronger proliferation, paracrine, anti-fibrosis, pro-angiogenesis, and immunomodulation abilities in treating skin fibrosis in scleroderma mouse models.

Clinical Relevance Statement:
Allogenic ASCs obtained from healthy donors are more efficient in treating skin fibrosis, and could serve as a potential alternative for patients who are not suitable candidates for liposuction surgery in the future.
Exploring the Presence of Female Germline Stem Cells in Rats and Mice
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Yu , Luo Jia-Li , Yu Lin , Li Pan-Pan , Wang Xin-Yue , Zhang Ting-Ting , Sun Zhao-Gui 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
To determine the presence of female germline stem cells (FGSCs) in postnatal mammals under physiological and pathological conditions.

Methods:
We explored the presence of FGSCs using various models, including mice of different ages, an ovarian mouse model with mechanical injury, and a rat model of endometriosis. Moreover, we investigated the feasibility of inducing FGSCs in vitro using cultured ovarian tissues and employed the differential adhesion method for isolating FGSCs. For labeling FGSCs within the ovary, we employed markers such as MVH/UCHL1 and BrdU.

Results:
Our investigations revealed that FGSCs were not detectable in any of our models, across all conditions tested.

Conclusion:
Our experiments provide evidences for the viewpoint that no FGSC exists in the ovaries of postnatal mice or rats, and then support that mammalian ovaries do not produce new oocytes after birth.
Dynamics and Evolution of Donor-derived Cytomegalovirus Infection in 3 Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With the Same Multiorgan Donor
Authors: Horsten Fien , Chou Sunwen , Gillemot Sarah , Debaveye Yves , Naesens Maarten , Pirenne Jacques , Vanhoutte Thomas , Vanuytsel Tim , Vos Robin , Maes Piet , Snoeck Robert , Andrei Graciela 
Published: September 2024

Background.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection poses a significant risk to immunosuppressed transplant recipients, manifesting through primary infection, reinfection, or reactivation.

Methods.
We analyzed the emergence of drug resistance in CMV infection in 3 patients who were later found to have received an allograft from a shared, deceased donor. The seronegative transplant recipients developed symptomatic CMV infections after bowel/pancreas, kidney, or lung transplantation. Prospective Sanger sequencing was used to identify mutations in the viral DNA polymerase (DP) and protein kinase (PK). DP and PK variants were retrospectively quantified by targeted next-generation sequencing. The impact of the novel DP-A505G substitution on drug susceptibility was assessed using a recombinant virus. Whole-genome sequencing of clinical CMV samples was enabled through target DNA enrichment.

Results.
The DP-A505G substitution was found in all patient samples and could be associated with a natural polymorphism. A subsequent review of the patients’ clinical histories revealed that they had all received organs from a single donor. The CMV infection exhibited divergent evolution among the patients: patient 1 developed resistance to ganciclovir and foscarnet because of 2 DP mutations (V715M and V781I), patient 2 showed no genotypic resistance, and patient 3 developed ganciclovir (PK-L595S) and maribavir resistance (PK-T409M). Interpatient variation across the entire CMV genome was minimal, with viral samples clustering in phylogenetic analysis.

Conclusions.
All 3 transplant recipients were infected with the same donor-derived CMV strain and readily developed different drug susceptibility profiles. This underscores the importance of judicious antiviral drug use and surveillance in preventing antiviral resistance emergence.
Incorporation of mpMRI before prostate biopsy shall be universal or selective: A prospective observational study
Authors: Prakash Shashi , Upadhyay Rohit , Mahmood Khalid , Prasad Umakant , Tiwari Rajesh K. , Ahmad Ahsan , Chaudhary Nikhil Ranjan 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) as a triage workup in the diagnostic pathway of suspected prostate cancer (PCa) in our population.

Material and methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted at lesser than details of site are removed for blinded peer review > on biopsy-naive patients from May 2021 to December 2022. We included patients aged 40 to 80 years with clinical suspicion of PCa, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level >4 ng/mL, abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE), or all the above. All patients first underwent 1.5-T mpMRI and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy using the cognitive biopsy technique.

Results:
A total of 95 patients were included, with the majority of them (64.21%) being ≥66 years old. Of these, 69 patients had abnormal DRE findings, 89 had PSA ≥4 ng/mL, and 64 had both elevated PSA and abnormal DRE findings. PCa was detected in 6.25%, 54.84%, 71.43%, and 96.43% of patients with lesions of Prostate Image Reporting and Data System scores of 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Using Prostate Image Reporting and Data System score of 3 as a biopsy threshold resulted in high sensitivity (98.31%) and low specificity (41.67%) for PCa detection. The proportion of Gleason score of ≥7 cancer-detected cores in the magnetic resonance imaging-guided cognitive biopsy was significantly higher than that in the standard 12-core biopsy (86.54% versus 61.45%; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The incorporation of prebiopsy mpMRI could be used as a diagnostic pathway for suspected PCa before transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy.
The effect of reflexology and pelvic floor muscle (Kegel) exercises on urinary incontinence in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Özdelikara Afitap , Alkan Seval Ağaçdiken , Terzi Murat 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
This study was conducted to determine the effects of reflexology and Kegel exercise on urinary incontinence in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Materials and methods:
A single-blind, controlled pretest-posttest study was conducted. The study included 15 patients with MS who presented to the neurology outpatient clinic between March 2020 and February 2022. Patients were assigned to the reflexology, Kegel exercise, or control group using block randomization. Data were collected from all patients using a sociodemographic information form, and quality of life was assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Short Form, Incontinence Quality of Life Scale, and Incontinence Severity Index. The Wilcoxon paired-samples test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 39.86 ± 9.99 years, and the mean MS duration was 104.46 ± 84.12 months. International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Short Form scores did not differ significantly between the groups before or after the intervention (P = 0.788). Incontinence Quality of Life Scale total and subscale scores also did not differ between the groups, but significant improvement was noted in the reflexology group between the pretest and posttest assessments (P = 0.970). Incontinence Severity Index scores did not differ between or within the groups (P = 0.193).

Conclusion:
Reflexology and Kegel exercise did not exert different effects on urinary incontinence, whereas reflexology improved incontinence-related quality of life.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Cluster and Fluctuate Over Time in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Morrow Christopher B. , Kamath Vidyulata , Dickerson Bradford C. , Eldaief Mark , Rezaii Neguine , Wong Bonnie , McGinnis Scott , Darby Ryan , Staffaroni Adam M. , Lapid Maria I. , Pascual Belen , Rojas Julio C. , Masdeu Joseph C. , Tsapkini Kyrana , Huey Edward D. , Fisher Daniel W. , Pantelyat Alexander , Balaji Akshata , Sah Eric , Litvan Irene , Rascovsky Katya , Ghoshal Nupur , Domoto-Reilly Kimiko , Kornak John , Onyike Chiadi U. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesCognitive and behavioral phenomena define behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), but neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) outside the core criteria are common throughout the illness. Identifying how NPS cluster in bvFTD may clarify the underlying neurobiology of bvFTD-related NPS and guide development of therapies.MethodologyParticipants (N=354) with sporadic and genetic bvFTD were enrolled in the ARTFL LEFFTDS Longitudinal Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Consortium. Dementia stage was defined as early (CDR® plus NACC FTLD ≤ 1) or advanced (CDR® plus NACC FTLD ≥ 1). Baseline and annual follow-up visit data were analyzed to compare NPS across stages of bvFTD. Psychiatric states were captured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire and Clinician Judgement of Symptoms. Polychoric cluster analysis was used to describe NPS clusters.ResultsNPS were highly prevalent (≥ 90%) in early and late bvFTD. Four NPS clusters were identified based on magnitude of factor loadings: affective, disinhibited, compulsive, and psychosis. Neuropsychiatric symptoms fluctuated across visits. In the affective cluster, depression and anxiety showed the least visit-to-visit stability. In the disinhibited cluster, elation showed the least stability. Symptoms in the psychosis and compulsive clusters (hallucinations, delusions, obsessions/compulsions, and hyperorality) were largely stable, persisting from visit-to-visit in more than 50% of cases.ConclusionNPS in bvFTD are frequent and cluster into four discrete groups in bvFTD. These clusters may result from specific neural network disruptions that could serve as targets for future interventions. The fluctuating nature of NPS in bvFTD suggests that they are not reliable markers of disease progression or stage.
Assessing Attitudes and Perceptions of High-risk, Low-resource Communities towards Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Public-access Defibrillation
Authors: Hirsch Carolyn , Sachdeva Bhanvi , Roca-Dominguez Dilenny , Foster Jordan , Bryant Kellie , Gautier-Matos Nancy , Minguez Mara , Williams Olajide , Elkind Mitchell S. V. , Homma Shunichi , Lantigua Rafael , Agarwal Sachin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundLayperson cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) use are vital for improving survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), yet their application varies by community demographics. We evaluated the concerns and factors influencing willingness to perform CPR and use AEDs among laypersons in high-risk, low-resource communities.MethodsFrom April 2022 to March 2024, laypersons in Northern Manhattan’s Community District 12 completed surveys assessing their attitudes toward CPR and AED use before attending Hands-Only CPR training. Fisher’s Exact Test assessed differences in concerns and willingness to perform CPR and AED use across racial-ethnic groups and compared low-resource communities with high-resource groups consisting of non-clinical staff across eight ambulatory sites.ResultsAmong 669 respondents, 64% identified as Hispanic, 58% were under 40, and 67% were female. Significant knowledge gaps were identified: 62% had never learned CPR, and 77% were unfamiliar with AEDs. Common concerns included fear of incorrect performance (67%), causing harm (56%), and legal repercussions (53%). Willingness to perform CPR was most influenced by familiarity with the victim (55% family vs. 67% non-family). The main barrier to AED use was a lack of operational knowledge (66%). Non-Hispanic Black participants expressed significantly greater concerns than their non-Hispanic White and Hispanic counterparts. Participants in high-resource settings (n=309) showed higher CPR and AED training rates with similar concerns.ConclusionsConcerns regarding CPR and AED use stem from a lack of confidence and training. Targeted, culturally sensitive community interventions are essential to address these barriers, enhance preparedness, and improve OHCA survival rates.
Evaluation of HD-sEMG descriptor sensitivity to changes of anatomical and neural properties with aging : A simulation study
Authors: Douania Ines , Laforet Jeremy , Boudaoud Sofiane 
Published: September 2024

Background and objectivesA reliable evaluation of anatomical and neural muscle properties and its effects on the electrical signals measured at the skin surface aims to develop a medical non-invasive aid-diagnosis tool assisted by model and personalized to the patient. This tool will be dedicated to understand and evaluate muscle diseases and aging.MethodsWe perform a new Robust Morris Screening Method: RMSM in Douania et al. (2023), to assess the impact of muscle anatomy (model inputs) uncertainties and variations on a simulated HD-sEMG signals (model outputs). The model describes a complex neuromuscular system simulating HD-sEMG (high density surface electromyography) signals generated from motor units electrical sources of a striated muscle: the Biceps Brachii (BB). Two subjects categories and two contractions levels are studied: young men (YM) and old men (OM) at low and high contraction (LC = 20% of MVC and HC = 60% of MVC). A 33 features in time and frequency domains are used as model outputs.ResultsWe have demonstrated that the neuromuscular model is able to deliver HD-sEMG signals sensitive to the same anatomical and neural muscle factors as in real cases. Time domain features are mainly sensitive to muscle thickness, conduction velocity of fibers, electrode locations (at HC), number of motor units, and to the number of slow and fast fibers for young and aged categories respectively. Frequency domain feature are sensitive mainly to the conduction velocity of fibers and muscle conductivities (no significant differences between YM and OM are observed).ConclusionThis result is important, it allows to obtain simulated HD-sEMG signals close to experimental ones with low cost and in reduced time. However, for a reliable evaluation of muscle aging, the neuromuscular model should be enhanced to better describe structural, morphological, and functional age-related phenomena.
Coordinated multi-level adaptations across neocortical areas during task learning
Authors: Han Shuting , Helmchen Fritjof 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe coordinated changes of neural activity during learning, from single neurons to populations of neurons and their interactions across brain areas, remain poorly understood. To reveal specific learning-related changes, we applied multi-area two-photon calcium imaging in mouse neocortex during training of a sensory discrimination task. We uncovered coordinated adaptations in primary somatosensory area S1 and the anterior (A) and rostrolateral (RL) areas of posterior parietal cortex (PPC). At the single-neuron level, task-learning was marked by increased number and stabilized responses of task neurons. At the population level, responses exhibited increased dimensionality and reduced trial-to-trial variability, paralleled by enhanced encoding of task information. The PPC areas, especially area A, became gradually engaged, opening additional within-area subspaces and inter-area subspaces with S1. Task encoding subspaces gradually aligned with these interaction subspaces. Behavioral errors correlated with reduced neuronal responses, decreased encoding accuracy, and misaligned subspaces. Thus, multi-level adaptations within and across cortical areas contribute to learning-related refinement of sensory processing and decision-making.
Identification of the putative gene encoding the RNA subunit of telomerase inMalasseziaclade species through comparative genomic analysis
Authors: Sanpedro Luna Juan Antonio , Alonso Patricia Sánchez 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMaintaining telomere length and genomic stability in eukaryotic cells is dependent on telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein with reverse transcriptase activity that counteracts the end replication problem. Its core components include TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) and TER (telomerase RNA). This study focused on the identification of the putativeTER1gene that encodes the telomerase RNA subunit in 19Malasseziaspecies via comparative genomics. Unlike the corresponding genes in other yeasts and filamentous fungi, this gene is compact and uniform in length, resembling similar genes in vertebrates, while retaining characteristic elements that are crucial for TER and snRNA biogenesis and activity. These elements include the template domain, pseudoknot domain, CR4/5 domain, and a putative Sm-binding site. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis confirmed the transcriptional activity of the putativeTER1gene, reinforcing its potential functional significance within theMalasseziaclade. These results establish a robust basis for future experimental investigations to verify the functionality and regulatory mechanisms of this gene, particularly its role in telomere maintenance and broader cellular processes.