bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Assisted Algorithm for Parameter Setting in SMILE Surgery
Authors: Zhou Huilin , Liu Shuo , Wang Zehua , Wang Zhonghai , Chen Youxin , Li Jiajing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: In recent years, SMall Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) has demonstrated good safety and effectiveness, among other features, in the treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism. However, the setting of its surgical parameters is still highly dependent on the surgeon's experience and suffers from insufficient stability and interpretability.
Methods: To address this challenge, this study proposes a machine learning-based method for assisted parameter setting in SMILE surgery. This study firstly identifies the patient features that are closely related to the decision-making of surgical parameters based on the ophthalmologists' clinical experience, and subsequently performs two-layer feature selection by Maximum Mutual Information Coefficient (MIC) and Genetic Algorithm, and meanwhile, adopts the SMOTE technique with Cost-Sensitive Learning (CSL) to deal with the problem of data imbalance; selects the five machine learning algorithms, LightGBM, XGBoost, RF, AdaBoost, and BP neural network, were trained and tested under the Optuna hyperparametric framework, and their performances were compared.
Results: The experimental results show that LightGBM performs the best with the best accuracy and macro F1 scores of 0.8917 and 0.9018, respectively. In addition, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the prediction probability is used in this study to assess and visualize the uncertainty of the model prediction quantitatively. The importance of the features was also analyzed by SHAP values, and the results of the analysis coincided with the ophthalmologists' clinical experience.
Conclusions: The method proposed in this study is expected to improve the stability and interpretability of ophthalmologists' decision-making in the process of setting parameters for myopic refractive surgery.
Self-template Synthesis of Nanoporous Carbons from π-conjugated Ionic Liquids with Aromatic Functionalities
Authors: Seki Toshinori , Futamura Ryusuke , Nakamura Kento , Murata Yumeto , Sekiguchi Ryuta , Iiyama Taku 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquids composed of pure ionic components with melting points near room temperature that exhibit unique properties. They are also known as designer solvents. In particular, π-conjugated functional ILs demonstrate photoluminescent properties, making them promising for new applications. In addition, the organic moieties of ILs can function as precursors for carbon materials, facilitating efficient polymerization reactions at high temperatures. In this paper, we present the structural aspects of nanoporous carbon materials derived from π-conjugated ILs, revealing that the domain structure of these ILs plays a crucial role in the carbonization process, as observed from the florescence spectroscopy of the precursor π-conjugated IL. This paper proposes a synthesis process for nanoporous carbon from π-conjugated ILs, demonstrating the thermal stability of ILs with mesoscopic domain structures, thereby promoting carbonization reactions while pore formation occurs simultaneously. This study expands the potential applications of π-conjugated ILs across various fields, and contributes to a deeper understanding of their unique properties from microscopic observations.
Influence of Sintering Temperature in a Suboptimal Environment on the Mechanical Properties of Fused Filament Fabricated Copper
Authors: Downard Scott , Clark Ethan , O’Brien Cheosung , Mohammadlou Bita Soltan , Kontsos Antonios , Celli Dino , Smith Lucas , Amiri Essa Al , Weems Andrew , Wisner Brian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Metal Injection Molding (MIM) processes are generally more cost effective for the generation of metallic AM components. However, the thermal processing required to remove the polymer and sinter the metal powder is not well understood in terms of resulting mechanical response and damage evolution, especially in ambient atmospheres where contamination is present. This study uses a form of MIM referred to as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) to quantify the differences in FFF copper properties obtained by varying the thermal processing of parts in an nonideal environment. These results showed direct correlations between sintering temperature to both density and porosity, both of which improved with an increase in temperature. In addition, Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) methods are leveraged to understand the variation in damage evolution that results from the processing, and it is shown that the higher sintering temperatures provided more desirable density and tensile properties for strength-based applications. Moreover, these results demonstrate a potential to tailor mechanical properties of FFF manufactured copper for a specific application.
Adaptive Machine Learning Approach for Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis via Clustering-Based Speech Feature Selection
Authors: Essam Mahmoud , Balat Mazen , Anter Ahmed M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study introduces a detailed approach aimed at improving the diagnostic precision of Parkinson’s disease by leveraging machine learning techniques applied to Parkinson’s Data. The dataset underwent thorough preprocessing, which included checks for missing values and the use of a Box-Cox transformation to normalize features. Following this step, the data was randomized and divided into training, validation, and test sets. Various feature extraction methods were investigated, such as Mutual Information, Recursive Feature Elimination, Lasso Regression, Clustering Feature Selection, and Autoencoders. These methods were paired with several regression models, including Ridge Regressor, Lasso Regressor, Linear Regressor, Decision Tree Regressor, k-Nearest Neighbors Regressor, Random Forest Regressor, Gradient Boosting Regressor, AdaBoost Regressor, and Extra Trees Regressor. The research found that combining Clustering Feature Selection with the Extra Trees Regressor yielded the highest accuracy, achieving an outstanding R 2 score of 99.9% on the Motor Test and 99.6% on the Total Test. These findings not only demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method but also establish a new benchmark in Parkinson’s disease diagnosis, significantly 1 surpassing existing state-of-the-art techniques. The results suggest that the integration of sophisticated feature selection and robust machine learning models can substantially enhance diagnostic accuracy in neurodegenerative diseases.
SafeSpeech: A Three-Module Pipeline for Hate Intensity Mitigation of Social Media Texts in Indic Languages
Authors: Ghosh Koyel , Singh Neeraj Kumar , Mahapatra Joy , Saha Saptarshi , Senapati Apurbalal , Garain Utpal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Identifying and mitigating hateful, abusive, offensive comments on social media is a crucial, paramount task. It's challenging to entirely prevent such hateful content and impose rigorous censorship on social platforms while safeguarding free speech. Recent studies have focused on detecting hate speech, whereas mitigating the intensity of hate remains unexplored or somewhat complex. This paper introduces a cost-effective, straightforward, and novel three-module pipeline, SafeSpeech, for Hate Speech Classification (HSC), Hate Intensity Identification (HII), and Hate Intensity Mitigation (HIM) on social media texts. The initial module classifies text as either containing or not containing hate speech. Following this, the second module quantifies the intensity of hate associated with individual words within the classified hate speech. Lastly, the third module seeks to diminish the overall hatefulness conveyed in the text. A comprehensive experiment has been conducted using publicly available datasets in five Indic languages (Hindi, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, and Bengali). The system undergoes thorough evaluation to assess its performance and analyze it in-depth using various automated metrics. Recognizing the limitations of automated metrics in mitigating hate speech, we augment our experiments with human evaluation, where three domain experts independently participated. BERTScore for final generated hate-mitigated texts and first classified hate texts across all languages consistently range between 0.96 and 0.99.
Quarkonia spectrum and wave functions with different trial basis in the potential model approach
Authors: Molina David , Gomez Cristian Gutierrez 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

A numerical analysis based on the variational approach, using three different bases within a non-relativistic formalism, is performed to calculate the spectrum and wave functions of hydrogen atom and charmonium systems. Specifically, the Harmonic Oscillator, Generalized Harmonic Oscillator, and Gaussian bases are considered for this analysis. For the charmonium system, a non-relativistic kinetic energy is employed and the quark-antiquark interaction is represented by the Cornell potential plus the hyperfine interaction. The advantages of each basis are compared, with a focus on the spectrum and wave functions of the ground state and some excited states.
Differential effects of systemic immune inflammation indices on hepatic steatosis and hepatic fibrosis: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018
Authors: Duan Shuyin , Zhanwen Tu , Lijuan Duan , Tu Runqi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Several studies have demonstrated that systemic immune inflammation index (SII) has a positive relationship with hepatic steatosis. However, it is lack of system evidence for the correlation between SII and hepatic fibrosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between SII and hepatic steatosis or hepatic fibrosis.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was performed of 21833 subjects aged over 20 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and hepamet fibrosis score (HFS) were the indicators for hepatic fibrosis; fatty liver index (FLI), NAFLD liver fat score (LFS) and Framingham steatosis index (FSI) were the indicators for hepatic steatosis. Pearson’s test, generalized linear model (GLM) and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to analyze associations of SII with hepatic fibrosis and hepatic steatosis.
Results
Pearson’s test and GLM revealed that there were negative relationships between SII and hepatic fibrosis (FIB-4, NFS and HFS), while positive relationships between SII and hepatic steatosis (FLI, LFS and FSI). The corresponding β (95%CI) of SII and hepatic fibrosis were − 0.35(-0.46, -0.24), -0.67(-0.71, -0.63) and − 0.10(-0.12, -0.09), respectively. The corresponding β (95%CI) of SII and hepatic steatosis were 6.12(4.75, 7.50), 0.22(0.12, 0.31) and 0.27(0.20, 0.34), respectively. Statistically significant non-linear association were found in SII with hepatic fibrosis and hepatic steatosis in RCS model (all P < 0.001).
Conclusion
There was a negative significant association between SII and hepatic fibrosis, while a positive significant association between SII and hepatic steatosis.
Harnessing genetic diversity in Sudanese sorghum wild relatives for stay-green drought tolerance via microsatellite SSR marker assessment
Authors: Ahmed Alaa , Abdalla Aisha Abdalhady Ahmed , Elsafy Mohammed , Ezzeldin Alaa , Rahmatov Mahbubjon , Abdelhalim Tilal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Sudan is the birthplace of sorghum, and vast genetic diversity exists among its wild relatives. To assess the genetic potential of Sudan wild sorghum accessions, we used 41 stay-green-specific microsatellite markers to analyze the genetic variability and population structure of 256 accessions. Overall, 17 SSR markers were polymorphic, with 55 alleles on average 3.3 per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.49 to 0.57, with an overall mean of 0.53, indicating the potential of these markers for capturing the genetic construction of wild sorghum. Linkage disequilibrium analysis identified the two most informative markers, Xcup05 and Xtxp212. Accordingly, the Nei gene diversity of the populations varied from 0.032 to 0.127, with an overall mean of 0.083. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) demonstrated that 99% and 1% of the genetic variations were within and among populations (Fst = 0.066; P 0.001), respectively. However, gene flow (Nm) values varied from 0.058 in populations 1 and 2 to 1.018 in populations 2 and 3. Neighbor-joining trees identified from 21 Sudanese wild sorghum accessions clustered closely to the universally drought-tolerant landrace B35. Structural analysis generated the highest Delta K value (58.2) at K = 2, revealing two distinct subpopulations. While this work provides valuable information about the potential of sorghum wild relatives from Sudan as sources for stay-green drought tolerance, further research should be directed toward identifying the exact mechanisms and genes underlying this stay-green trait using advanced molecular omics techniques. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential role of Sudanese sorghum accessions as reservoirs of ready-to-use stay-green genes for the design of climate-resilient sorghum cultivars in drought-prone areas of Sudan and beyond.
Aptamer-Conjugated Liposome System for Targeting MUC1-Positive Cancer
Authors: Khan Md Shakil Ahmed , Park Jiwoo , Lee Somin , Hwang Jee-Eun , Oh Chiwoo , Kim MinKyu , Lee Jeong-Seob , Jeon Jongyeong , Park Beomjin , Li ShengJun , Jung Han Na , Im Hyung-Jun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study aims to overcome the adverse effects of conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy on healthy organs by developing a target-specific novel approach utilizing doxorubicin (DOX)-encapsulated liposomes conjugated with the S1.6 aptamer, known for its high binding affinity to the overexpressed Mucin-1 (MUC1) protein in various cancer types. The S1.6 aptamer is selected as a targeting ligand by comparing the thermodynamic stability, docking score, confidence score, and binding affinity with other MUC1 targeting aptamers in silico. Nano-drop, Gel electrophoresis, and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) confirm the size, zeta potential, DOX encapsulation rate, stability, and aptamer conjugation of liposomes. Flow cytometry results validate MUC1 expression in MCF7 cells while not in MDA-MB-231 cells. Confocal Microscopy further demonstrates the cellular uptake of the lipo-apt complex. Taken together, our results of this approach hold promise as a potential strategy to mitigate the side effects of conventional chemotherapy by enhancing the specificity of drug delivery to cancer cells through aptamer-mediated liposomal encapsulation of chemotherapeutic agents. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of this approach in vivo and its potential clinical applications in cancer treatment.
DH2 regulates the development of lateral organs in rice
Authors: Tang Jun , Li Tianye , Gao Yuanzhuo , Li Xinghang , Huang Ziheng , Zhuang hui , Luo Hongfa , Li Yunfeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In most of crops, the development of lateral organs such as leaves and floral organs play important roles in architecture of plant and grain, and then determine the yield. Establishment of polarityin these lateral organs is one of the most critical events for their morphogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms about this in rice is still not clear enough. Here, we isolated two allelic mutants named degenerated hull 2-1, -2 (dh2-1, -2) in rice, exhibiting abaxially rolled leaves and rod-shaped lemmas. DH2 encoded the relatively conservative ARGONAUT 7 (AGO7) protein in plants, and expressed in the lateral organs including leaf and floral organs. When the knock-out of DH2 gene resulted in the same defects with the two allelic mutants, the over-expression lines of DH2showed adaxially rolled leaves. Next, it was proved that DH2 was involved in the synthesis of tasiR-ARFs, the expression level of which was decreased sharply in lateral organs of dh2 mutants. And then it was found that the expression of OsARF2, OsARF3, OsARF14, and OsARF15, the potential targets oftasiR-ARFs, was increased in lateral organs of dh2 mutants. However, it was not as expected that results of in situ hybridization showed the four ARF genes were not expressed in WT lemma, whereas they were all ectopically expressed in rod-shaped lemma in dh2 mutants. Meanwhile tasiR-ARFs was expressed in the whole lemma but not abaxial side.That means there was not a opposite expression of tasiR-ARFs and ARFs in adaxial–abaxial of lemma. Therefore, according our data, we think that the pathway of OsAGO7—tasiR-ARFs in rice was more likely involved in the whole development of lemma but not only abaxial side by restricting ectopical expression of OsARFs in the whole lemma, which was different with that in lateral organs of Arabidopsis.
Functional responses of tadpoles exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate
Authors: Souza Gabriela Taiza , Caberlon Carolina Abreu , Moser Camila Fernanda , Oliveira Guendalina Turcato , Dalmolin Diego Anderson , Santos Roseli Coelho , Tozetti Alexandro Marques 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The main causes of biodiversity decline are associated with habitat loss and degradation. This process is mainly related to the expansion of agricultural frontiers (habitat loss) combined with the intense use of pesticides (habitat degradation). Even aquatic animals are affected by agriculture due to the run-off of pesticides from plantations to water bodies. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the pesticide glyphosate (commercial name Roundup) on the morphological development of tadpoles of Boana faber (Blacksmith Treefrog) and their functional traits. We analyzed 51 tadpoles in a laboratory experiment composed of four treatments with different concentrations of glyphosate. We measured 16 morphological characters of each tadpole, which were used to determine four functional traits: feeding, locomotion, gas exchange, and sensory perception. Our results indicate that glyphosate exposure directly affects the morphology and functional traits, with potential consequences on tadpole ecology. Morphological characteristics related to locomotion (caudal fin height and dorsal fin height) and sensory perception (internal distance between the eyes) were the attributes that presented greater variation after exposure. Greater exposure to glyphosate leads to smaller functional space occupied by locomotory attributes, which could indicate a reduction in morphological plasticity and changes in the ability to explore the habitat. At the same time, functional attributes related to space use and diet occupied the functional space in a manner that allowed greater differentiation between the treatments. As we detected huge changes in tadpole functional traits after a few days of exposure (seven days) and based on the current knowledge that many Brazilian ecosystems are vulnerable to runoff water from agricultural areas, we suggest that the ecological performance of free-ranging tadpoles has been suffering continuous effects of agricultural pollutants.
A Minimally Invasive Technique for Correcting Extra-Articular Malunions of Metacarpal Fractures
Authors: Han Zitao , Zhang Xu , Yu Yadong , Yang Xiaoliang , Du Wei , Zhang Guisheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to introduce a minimally invasive technique for correcting malunions of extra-articular metacarpal fractures followed by percutaneous fixation with a cemented K-wire frame.
Methods
From January 2018 to January 2022, 31 patients (31 malunions of extra-articular metacarpal fractures) were treated. The mean age of the patients was 32 years (range, 21–52 years). There were 25 fifth, 4 fourth, 1 third, and 1 second metacarpal malunions. The range of motion of the finger was assessed based on the total active motion scoring system of American Society for Surgery of the Hand. The motion was graded as excellent (85–100%), good (70–84%), fair (50–69%), and poor (below 50% based on a comparison of the opposite finger. The aesthetic appearance of the hand was evaluated based on the 10-cm visual analogue scale. Patient satisfaction was assessed using the Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction (SAPS; 0–10, very dissatisfied; 11–18, dissatisfied; 19–26, satisfied; 27–28, very satisfied).
Results
Bone healing was achieved in all patients after a mean of 5.4 weeks (range, 4–10 weeks). The mean follow-up period was 27 months (range, 24–33 months). The mean preoperative TAM scale was 233° (range, 185°–288°), and the postoperative scale was 263° (range, 235°–290°). There were 8 excellent, 19 good, and 1 fair result. There were 15 very satisfied and 13 satisfied results. The mean preoperative aesthetic appearance of the hand was 7 cm (range, 5 cm – 8 cm), and the postoperative appearance was 10 cm (range, 9 cm – 10 cm).
Conclusion
The minimally invasive technique is effective for correcting extra-articular malunions of metacarpal fractures. The rigid fixation allows fracture healing and early motion of the injured hand. The technique improves hand function, patient satisfaction, and the aesthetic appearance of the hand.
Level of Evidence
Therapeutic study, Level IVa.
Intra-hypothalamic circuit orchestrates β-endorphin release following coital ejaculation in male mice
Authors: Xu Xiao-Hong , Zha Xi , Jiao Zhuolei , Li Shuai-Shuai , Liu Xiao-Yao , Li Xingyu , Sun Yi-Zhuo , Ding Xiaojing , Gao Meng-Tong , Gao Shu-Chen , Chen Ai-Xiao , Lin Jun-Kai , Zhang Wen , Cao Xuanzi , Zhang Yan-Li , Yang Rong-Rong , Xu Chun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Survey-based evidence suggests that men experience a distinct post-ejaculation affective state1,2, marked by intense pleasure sometimes compared to the euphoric rush from intravenous injection of opioid drugs such as heroin3. However, the intrinsic neural circuit mechanisms underlying the ejaculation-triggered affective state remain unclear. Here, we discovered that Calbindin1-expressing (Calb1+) neurons in the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus, an evolutionarily conserved regulatory region for male mating behavior4, are specifically activated during ejaculation in male mice. Inhibiting POA Calb1+ neurons prolongs mating and delays ejaculation. Importantly, POA Calb1+ neurons transmit the ejaculation signal and activate proopiomelanocortin-expressing (Pomc+) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, which show robust and sustained activity lasting for tens of seconds, specifically upon ejaculation. This activity is accompanied by elevated levels of β-endorphins5, opioid peptides secreted by Pomc+ neurons, post-ejaculation in male mice. Optogenetic activation of Pomc+ neurons increases β-endorphins levels and conditioned placed preference, similar to ejaculation. Conversely, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of drugs blocking Pomc neuropeptides signaling eliminates ejaculation-conditioned place preference. Collectively, these results elucidate an intra-hypothalamic circuit from POA Calb1+ neurons to arcuate Pomc+ neurons that coordinate β-endorphin release with ejaculation, shedding light on the neurobiological basis of the post-ejaculation affective state.