bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Crystallization as a Basis for Single‐Enantiomer Drug Production
Authors: Bredikhin Alexander A. , Bredikhina Zemfira A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the 21st century, single enantiomeric chiral active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) prevail among new drugs. Their preparation is made easier by using direct methods for the separation of racemates. The history of this issue is summarized and information about new and updated methods of conglomerate identification and practical implementation options for direct resolutions is provided. Examples are given for the application of direct methods for obtaining enantiopure APIs by the resolution of their racemic synthetic precursors, using a slight modification of the target product and finally by direct resolution of the racemic chiral drugs as such.
Targeted Photodynamic Therapy with a Folate/Sensitizer Assembly Produced from Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Zhou Chunfang , Afonso Damien , Valetti Sabrina , Feiler Adam , Cardile Venera , Graziano Adriana C. E. , Conoci Sabrina , Sortino Salvatore 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA mesoporous silica material prepared by using folic acid (FA) as a template enables the effective encapsulation of meso‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) in its interior. Combination of steady‐state and time‐resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy demonstrate that FA and TCPP are released from the silica material to the aqueous phase in the form of a non‐covalent assembly. This assembly does not form by simple mixing of the two components in the absence of silica, suggesting the key role of the material in the assembling process. The FA/TCPP assembly exhibits dual color fluorescence in the visible region, good photosensitization capability of singlet oxygen, and enhanced photo‐induced mortality in KB cancer cells overexpressing folate receptor, if compared with the free components.
A multiscale approach for determining the morphology of endothelial cells at a coronary artery
Authors: Pakravan Hossein Ali , Saidi Mohammad Said , Firoozabadi Bahar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe morphology of endothelial cells (ECs) may be an indication for determining atheroprone sites. Until now, there has been no clinical imaging technique to visualize the morphology of ECs in the arteries. The present study introduces a computational technique for determining the morphology of ECs. This technique is a multiscale simulation consisting of the artery scale and the cell scale. The artery scale is a fluid‐structure interaction simulation. The input for the artery scale is the geometry of the coronary artery, that is, the dynamic curvature of the artery due to the cardiac motion, blood flow, blood pressure, heart rate, and the mechanical properties of the blood and the arterial wall, the measurements of which can be obtained for a specific patient. The results of the artery scale are wall shear stress (WSS) and cyclic strains as the mechanical stimuli of ECs. The cell scale is an inventive mass‐and‐spring model that is able to determine the morphological response of ECs to any combination of mechanical stimuli. The results of the multiscale simulation show the morphology of ECs at different locations of the coronary artery. The results indicate that the atheroprone sites have at least 1 of 3 factors: low time‐averaged WSS, high angle of WSS, and high longitudinal strain. The most probable sites for atherosclerosis are located at the bifurcation region and lie on the myocardial side of the artery. The results also indicated that a higher dynamic curvature is a negative factor and a higher pulse pressure is a positive factor for protection against atherosclerosis.
Occlusal traits and orthodontic treatment need in 7‐ to 10‐year‐olds in Estonia
Authors: Sepp Hettel , Saag Mare , Svedström‐Oristo Anna‐Liisa , Peltomäki Timo , Vinkka‐Puhakka Heli 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of occlusal traits and orthodontic treatment need and complexity in Estonian 7‐ to 10‐year‐old children. This data provides solid information for planning of orthodontic care. Data of 392 Estonian children (198 girls and 194 boys, mean age 9.0 years, range 7.1–10.4 years) was analysed in this cross‐sectional study. Assessed traits included first molar and canine sagittal relationship, overjet, overbite, crowding, midline diastema, crossbite, and scissor bite. Orthodontic treatment need and complexity were assessed using the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need. Parents' opinion regarding their child's teeth was determined using a questionnaire. The most prevalent occlusal traits were canine class I sagittal relationship (73.7%), midline diastema (73.0%), molar class I sagittal relationship (57.4%), and overbite ≥3.5 mm (51.8%). According to the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need, 64.3% of Estonian elementary school children were in need of orthodontic treatment. Treatment complexity was simple in 12.5%, mild in 38.8%, moderate in 22.7%, difficult in 14.0%, and very difficult in 12.0% of the children. Approximately 66.4% of the parents felt that their child needed orthodontic treatment. This study confirms earlier findings indicating that the most frequent sagittal relationship is class I in the first molars and class I in the canines. However, the sagittal relationship was asymmetric in more than half of the children. Correlation between objectively defined treatment need and parents' desire for treatment was high in Estonia.
In depth comparative phenotyping of blood innate myeloid leukocytes from healthy humans and macaques using mass cytometry
Authors: Elhmouzi‐Younes Jamila , Palgen Jean‐Louis , Tchitchek Nicolas , Delandre Simon , Namet Inana , Bodinham Caroline L. , Pizzoferro Kathleen , Lewis David J.M. , Le Grand Roger , Cosma Antonio , Beignon Anne‐Sophie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractComparative immune‐profiling of innate responses in humans and non‐human primates is important to understand the pathogenesis of infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases as well as for the preclinical development of vaccines and immune therapies. However, direct comparisons of the two species are rare and were never performed using mass cytometry. Here, whole‐blood‐derived leukocytes from healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques were analyzed with mass cytometry. Two similar panels of around 30 monoclonal antibodies targeting human markers associated with innate myeloid cells to stain fixed human and macaque leukocytes were constructed. To compare the circulating innate cells from the two primate species, an analysis pipeline combining a clustering analysis by the Spanning‐tree Progression Analysis of Density‐normalized Events (SPADE) algorithm with a two‐step hierarchical clustering of cells nodes and markers was used. Identical SPADE settings were applied to both datasets, except for the 20 clustering markers which slightly differed. A correlation analysis designed to compare the phenotypes of human and macaque cell nodes and based on 16 markers, including 15 shared clustering markers and CD19 for humans or CD20 for macaques, revealed similarities and differences between staining patterns. This study unique by the number of individuals (26 humans and 5 macaques) and the use of mass cytometry certainly contributes to better assess the advantages and limits of the use of non‐human primates in preclinical research. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Production of plumage ornaments among males and females of two closely related tropical passerine bird species
Authors: Enbody Erik D. , Lantz Samantha M. , Karubian Jordan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe evolution of elaborate secondary sexual traits (i.e., ornaments) is well‐studied in males but less so in females. Similarity in the appearance of ornaments between males and females supports the view that female ornaments arise as a neutral byproduct of selection on male traits due to genetic correlation between sexes, but recent research suggests an adaptive function of female ornaments in at least some contexts. Information on the degree to which production of ornaments differs between the sexes can shed light on these alternative perspectives. We therefore characterized the structural underpinnings of melanin‐based plumage production in males and females of two closely related passerine bird species (genus Malurus). Importantly, both ornamented and unornamented phenotypes in each sex are present between these two species, providing an opportunity to test the null expectation of equivalent modes of production in male and female ornamented phenotypes. In Malurus alboscapulatus, ornamented females are qualitatively similar to males, but we describe a distinctive ornamented female phenotype that differs from that of males in lacking a blue sheen and in lower feather barbule density. In M. melanocephalus, unornamented males and females are also similar in appearance, and we describe a similarity between unornamented phenotypes of males and females in both color and underlying feather barbule structure and pigment composition. Unornamented male M. melanocephalus can flexibly transition to the ornamented phenotype in weeks, and we found extreme differences in color and feather structure between these two alternative male phenotypes. These results contradict the idea that female ornaments have evolved in this system following a simple switch to male‐like plumage by demonstrating greater complexity in the production of the ornamented phenotype in males than in females.
Chronic stress‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia is controlled by capsaicin‐sensitive neurones in the mouse
Authors: Scheich B. , Vincze P. , Szőke É. , Borbély É. , Hunyady Á. , Szolcsányi J. , Dénes Á. , Környei Zs. , Gaszner B. , Helyes Zs. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundClinical studies demonstrated peripheral nociceptor deficit in stress‐related chronic pain states, such as fibromyalgia. The interactions of stress and nociceptive systems have special relevance in chronic pain, but the underlying mechanisms including the role of specific nociceptor populations remain unknown. We investigated the role of capsaicin‐sensitive neurones in chronic stress‐related nociceptive changes.MethodCapsaicin‐sensitive neurones were desensitized by the capsaicin analogue resiniferatoxin (RTX) in CD1 mice. The effects of desensitization on chronic restraint stress (CRS)‐induced responses were analysed using behavioural tests, chronic neuronal activity assessment in the central nervous system with FosB immunohistochemistry and peripheral cytokine concentration measurements.ResultsChronic restraint stress induced mechanical and cold hypersensitivity and increased light preference in the light–dark box test. Open‐field and tail suspension test activities were not altered. Adrenal weight increased, whereas thymus and body weights decreased in response to CRS. FosB immunopositivity increased in the insular cortex, dorsomedial hypothalamic and dorsal raphe nuclei, but not in the spinal cord dorsal horn after the CRS. CRS did not affect the cytokine concentrations of hindpaw tissues. Surprisingly, RTX pretreatment augmented stress‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia, abolished light preference and selectively decreased the CRS‐induced neuronal activation in the insular cortex. RTX pretreatment alone increased the basal noxious heat threshold without influencing the CRS‐evoked cold hyperalgesia and augmented neuronal activation in the somatosensory cortex and interleukin‐1α and RANTES production.ConclusionsChronic restraint stress induces hyperalgesia without major anxiety, depression‐like behaviour or peripheral inflammatory changes. Increased stress‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity in RTX‐pretreated mice is presumably mediated by central mechanisms including cortical plastic changes.SignificanceThese are the first data demonstrating the complex interactions between capsaicin‐sensitive neurones and chronic stress and their impact on nociception. Capsaicin‐sensitive neurones are protective against stress‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia by influencing neuronal plasticity in the brain.
Fear of pain changes movement: Motor behaviour following the acquisition of pain‐related fear
Authors: Karos K. , Meulders A. , Gatzounis R. , Seelen H.A.M. , Geers R.P.G. , Vlaeyen J.W.S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAccording to current fear‐avoidance models, changes in motor behaviour (e.g. avoidance) are a key component in the development and maintenance of chronic pain complaints. Yet, experimental research assessing actual behavioural changes following painful events is relatively sparse. This study investigated the effects of pain anticipation on changes in motor behaviour using a fear conditioning paradigm and robot‐generated standardized movement trajectories of the upper extremities.MethodsPain‐free participants (N = 20) performed clockwise and counterclockwise fixed, circular movements with a robotic arm without receiving visual feedback. During fear acquisition, moving in one direction (CS+) was paired with a painful stimulus (pain‐US) whereas moving in the other direction (CS−) was not. During the subsequent extinction phase, the pain‐US was omitted. We assessed self‐reported pain‐related fear and urge to avoid the movement, as well as several behavioural measures: Velocity, acceleration, exerted force and force direction.ResultsMovements that were paired with pain were associated with increased self‐reported pain‐related fear and urge to avoid. Moreover, movements that were associated with pain were performed faster, more forcefully and more accurately than movements that were not associated with pain. All these differences diminished during the extinction phase.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates the utility of robot‐generated force feedback in the study of pain‐related fear and associated changes in motor behaviour.SignificanceFear of pain changes movement: Movements associated with pain are performed faster, with more force and higher accuracy than movements that are not associated with pain. These changes can inform us how fear of pain translates into avoidance and escape behaviour, two important constructs in the maintenance of chronic pain.
Study of structure‐dependent chromatographic behavior of glycopeptides using reversed phase nanoLC
Authors: Kozlik Petr , Goldman Radoslav , Sanda Miloslav 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnalysis of glycosylation is challenging due to micro‐ and macro‐heterogeneity of the protein attachment. A combination of LC with MS/MS is one of the most powerful tools for glycopeptide analysis. In this work, we show the effect of various monosaccharide units on the retention time of glycopeptides. Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone‐binding globulin was studied on a reversed phase chromatographic column. We observed reduction of the retention time with increasing number of monosaccharide units of glycans attached to the same peptide backbone. Fucosylation of larger glycans provides less significant retention time shift than for smaller ones. Retention times of glycopeptides were expressed as relative retention times. These relative retention times were used for calculation of upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows under the reversed phase conditions. We then demonstrated on the case of a glycopeptide of haptoglobin that the predicted retention time window boosts confidence of identification and minimizes false‐positive identification. Relative retention time, as a qualitative parameter, is expected to improve LC‐MS/MS characterization of glycopeptides.
Plant reproduction is altered by simulated herbicide drift to constructed plant communities
Authors: Olszyk David , Pfleeger Thomas , Shiroyama Tamotsu , Blakeley-Smith Matthew , Lee E. Henry , Plocher Milton 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Herbicide drift may have unintended impacts on native vegetation, adversely affecting individual species and plant communities. To determine the potential ecological effects of herbicide drift, small plant community plots were constructed using 9 perennial species found in different Willamette Valley (OR, USA) grassland habitats. Studies were conducted at 2 Oregon State University (Corvallis, OR, USA) farms in 2 separate years, with single and combined treatments of 0.01 to 0.2× field application rates (f.a.r.) of 1119 g ha−1 for glyphosate (active ingredient [a.i.] of 830 g ha−1 acid glyphosate) and 560 g ha−1 a.i. for dicamba. Plant responses were percentage of cover, number of reproductive structures, mature and immature seed production, and vegetative biomass. Herbicide effects differed with species, year, and, to a lesser extent, farm. Generally, 0.1 to 0.2× f.a.r. of the herbicides were required to affect reproduction in Camassia leichtlinii, Elymus glaucus, Eriophyllum lanatum, Festuca idahoensis, Iris tenax, and Prunella vulgaris. Eriophyllum lanatum also had a significant increase in percentage of immature seed dry weight with 0.01× f.a.r. of dicamba or the combination of glyphosate plus dicamba. Other species showed similar trends, but fewer significant responses. These studies indicated potential effects of low levels of herbicides on reproduction of native plants, and demonstrated a protocol whereby species growing in a constructed plant community can be evaluated for ecological responses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2799–2813. Published 2017 SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Selective flue gas recirculation using membranes in coal‐fired power plants
Authors: Feron Paul , Gómez Marycarmen Alemán 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA simplified, conceptual process model is presented for coal‐fired power plants with membrane‐based selective recirculation of flue gas components (CO2, H2O). Selective circulation is aimed at increasing CO2‐concentrations in the flue gas, which will benefit the process of CO2 capture. The use of membrane technology for selective recirculation has been proposed for this purpose by Membrane Technology Research (MTR) in the USA. The process model involves the assessment of heat balances and mass flows as determined by the combustion process, the capture process, and the mass transfer unit for selective recirculation. It is applied to two types of Australian coal: Hunter Valley black coal and Latrobe Valley brown coal, a low‐rank coal that is locally utilized. The process model provides data on the Adiabatic Flame Temperature (AFT) with and without recirculation and the gas composition and flow rate at various points in the integrated process. The process model results clearly indicate the benefit of selective recirculation in raising CO2 concentrations in the flue gas and the disadvantages of reduced combustion temperatures (quantified through the AFT) and increased mass flow rate. An opportunity for application of the selective circulation concept is identified for the case of combustion of dried brown coal in a retrofit application to an existing boiler, originally designed for the combustion of the same wet brown coal. Here selective circulation of CO2, replacing water vapor generated from wet coal combustion, will enable the combustion of dried brown coal with ensuing benefits for the power plant efficiency. Furthermore, the AFT can be higher than for combustion of the wet coal and efficiency losses may not occur. More targeted modeling is needed to provide a detailed quantification of the benefits, which would then be used for an economic assessment and estimation on the impact on the power station efficiency. This would also need a realistic assessment of the membrane process using representative values for the membrane permeance and selectivity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and biological properties of thermosensitive chitosan–graphene hybrid hydrogels for sustained drug delivery applications
Authors: Saeednia Leyla , Yao Li , Berndt Marcus , Cluff Kim , Asmatulu Ramazan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractChitosan has the ability to make injectable thermosensitive hydrogels which has been highly investigated for drug delivery applications. The addition of nanoparticles is one way to increase the mechanical strength of thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel and subsequently and control the burst release of drug. Graphene nanoparticles have shown unique mechanical, optical and electrical properties which can be exploited for biomedical applications, especially in drug delivery. This study, have focused on the mechanical properties of a thermosensitive and injectable hybrid chitosan hydrogel incorporated with graphene nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) have been used for morphological and chemical characterization of graphene infused chitosan hydrogels. The cell viability and cytotoxicity of graphene‐contained hydrogels were analyzed using the alamarBlue® technique. In‐vitro methotrexate (MTX) release was investigated from MTX‐loaded hybrid hydrogels as well. As a last step, to evaluate their efficiency as a cancer treatment delivery system, an in vitro anti‐tumor test was also carried out using MCF‐7 breast cancer cell lines. Results confirmed that a thermosensitive chitosan–graphene hybrid hydrogel can be used as a potential breast cancer therapy system for controlled delivery of methotrexate. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2381–2390, 2017.
Factors associated with local recurrence in operated osteosarcomas: A retrospective evaluation of 95 cases from a tertiary care center in a resource challenged environment
Authors: Poudel Rishi R. , Tiwari Vivek , Kumar Venkatesan S. , Bakhshi Sameer , Gamanagatti Shivanand , Khan Shah Alam , Rastogi Shishir 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESLocal control of disease is one of the main goals of osteosarcoma management. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of 95 operated cases of osteosarcoma over 7 years to know about the factors associated with local recurrence in resource‐challenged environment of the developing world.METHODSThe factors which were evaluated and compared between local recurrence and non‐local recurrence groups included demographic profile, site of tumor, whether biopsy done outside, type of surgery (limb salvage or amputation), presence of pathological fracture, vicinity of neurovascular bundle, tumor volume, histological subtype, chemotherapy induced necrosis, surgical margins, and delay in surgery. The time to local recurrence after surgery was also noted in the local recurrence group.RESULTSAt a mean follow‐up of 2.8 years, biopsy done from outside the treating center and delay in surgery after completion of neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy emerged as significant risk factors for local recurrence. Most of the local recurrences (80%) occurred within 12 months of the primary surgery.CONCLUSIONSLack of financial resources and availability of few tertiary care centers dealing with musculoskeletal oncology in the developing countries, lead to overburden with a long waiting list for tumor surgery making the scenario different from the Western world.