bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pencemaran merkuri di perairan dan karakteristiknya: suatu kajian kepustakaan ringkas
Authors: Adlim M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The issue of mercury pollution in Aceh waters, Indonesiadue to gold mining activities hasbeen a polemic in local media and Aceh Local Government and the communities have much concern on this case. The impact of mercury pollution in the Teunom and Tangse (Aceh)rivers was often assumed that it has similarity with Minamatapollution in Japan. This article intends to enlighten the characteristic mercury either as elements or compounds including methyl mercury which is highly toxic. Gold mining using elemental mercury is poorly soluble in water, the solubility is only 0.06 g per ton of mercury but the solubility can increase indark the sea-bed and ina lot of dissolved oxygen. Based on the properties of solubility, it is understood that the mercury levels in the Teunom and Tangse rivers still below the tolerance limit, but the gold mining activities still bringsthe risk of environmental damage especially inadequate supervision. Many researchers were trying to prove the natural conversionfrom mercury into methyl mercury (biomethylation) but they usedthe salt instead of the elemental mercury in their experiments. Methyl mercury is found in nature, but the process mercury conversion into methyl mercury compound is still controversial and it has not obtained adequate evidence for the natural alteration,therefore gold pollution which is due to releasing elemental mercury into environment might not be analogue to Minamata case.Keywords: Aceh; Methyl-mercury; Minamata; Mining; Gold Abstrak. Informasi pencemaran merkuri di perairan Aceh dan kaitannya dengan aktivitas pertambangan emas telah menjadi polemik sehingga menjadi perhatian Pemda Aceh dan Masyarakat. Dampak pencemaran merkuri di Sungai Teunom dan Tangse sering dianalogikan dengan kasus pencemaran merkuri di teluk Minamata, Jepang. Artikel ini bermaksud memberi pencerahan kharakteristik merkuri baik sebagai unsur maupun sebagai senyawa seperti metil merkuri yang sangat beracun. Penambangan emas menggunakan unsur merkuri yang sukar larut dalam air, kelarutannya hanya 0,06 g per ton unsur merkuri namun kelarutannya dapat meningkat jika di dasar laut yang gelap dan banyak oksigen terlarut. Berdasarkan sifat kelarutannya, dapat dipahami bahwa kadar merkuri di Sungai Teunom masih di bawah batas toleransi, namun aktivitas penambangan emas tetap saja memiliki resiko kerusakan lingkungan apalagi jika tidak mendapat pengawasan yang memadai. Banyak peneliti berusaha membuktikan perubahan merkuri menjadi metil merkuri (biometilasi) tetapi mereka menggunakan garam merkuri dan bukan unsur merkuri dalam ekperimen mereka. Metil merkuri memang ditemukan di alam tetapi proses perubahan dari senyawa merkuri menjadi metil merkuri masih diperdebatkan dan belum diperoleh bukti yang kuat perubahan dari unsur merkuri menjadi metil merkuri dalam air sehingga di Peraian Aceh belum tentu tercemar metil merkuri sebagaimana kasus Minamata.Kata kunci: Aceh; metil-merkuri; minamata; penambangan; emas
Wilson’s type Hilbert space valued functional equations
Authors: Zeglami Driss , Tial Mohamed , Fadli Brahim 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the present paper we characterize, in terms of characters, additive functions and matrix elements of irreducible two-dimensional representations, the continuous solutions of some trigonometric functional equations for mappings defined on an arbitrary group and taking their values in a complex Hilbert space with the Hadamard product. In addition, we investigate a superstability result for these equations.
Number of Firms, Rationing, Matching, and Knowledge: A Comprehensive Study of Variations in Experimental Kreps–Scheinkman Markets
Authors: Jacobs Martin 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive picture of experimental Kreps–Scheinkman markets with capacity choice in the first stage and subsequent price competition in the second. We conduct seven different treatments of such markets, varying the number of firms, demand rationing, subject matching, and subjects’ knowledge about the market mechanism. We find that only the number of firms has a persistent effect on capacity choices, whereas price choices are affected by both the number of firms and the rationing scheme. From the outset, subjects in the high-knowledge condition behave in the same way as subjects with low knowledge do in later periods after gaining experience. In all treatments, conduct is more competitive than the Cournot outcome, irrespective of the Nash equilibrium prediction. Nevertheless, the Cournot model does pack some predictive power. Under efficient demand rationing where the Cournot outcome is predicted, exact Cournot choices are more likely for both capacities and prices.
Aberrant methylation of tumour suppressor genes WT1, GATA5 and PAX5 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mžik Martin , Chmelařová Marcela , John Stanislav , Laco Jan , Slabý Ondřej , Kiss Igor , Bohovicová Lucia , Palička Vladimír , Nekvindová Jana 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background:
Aberrant hypermethylation of tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) occurring in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could provide a mean of molecular characterisation of this cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate promoter methylation and gene expression of selected TSGs in HCC to identify candidate genes for further validation as potential biomarkers.

Methods:
Methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification method was used to measure the methylation status of 25 TSGs in 49 HCC samples and 36 corresponding non-cancerous liver tissue samples. Relative expression of the differentially methylated genes was assessed at the mRNA level using quantitative PCR.

Results:
We observed a significantly higher methylation in genes WT1, PAX5, PAX6, PYCARD and GATA5 in HCC compared with control samples. The expression of PAX5 was significantly decreased by methylation; conversely methylation of WT1 was associated with higher mRNA levels. Methylation of GATA5 was significantly associated with overall survival and methylation of WT1 and PAX5 significantly varied between patients with ALBI score 1 vs. 2+3. Moreover, PAX5 was significantly more methylated in patients with tumour grade 2+3 vs. grade 1, and methylation of the PAX5 correlated with the patient’s age at the time of diagnosis.

Conclusions:
HCC evince aberrant promoter methylation of WT1, PAX5, PAX6, PYCARD and GATA5 genes. Correlation between GATA5, WT1 and PAX5 methylation and clinical/histological parameters is suggestive of applicability of these markers in non-invasive (epi)genetic testing in HCC.
HbA1c: EQA in Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands using fresh whole blood samples with target values assigned with the IFCC reference system
Authors: Kaiser Patricia , Spannagl Michael , van Campenhout Christel , Lenga Yolande , Siebelder Carla , Weykamp Cas 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background:
External quality assessment/proficiency test (EQA/PT) organizers play an important role in monitoring the performance of HbA1c measurements. With increasing quality of the assays, HbA1c is increasingly used for diagnosis of diabetes and the demands on EQA/PT organizers themselves are rising constantly. EQA organizers in Germany (INSTAND), Belgium (WIV/IPV), and the Netherlands (SKML) organized a program with commutable samples and target values assigned with the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) reference system. The aim of this project was to confirm the logistic feasibility of organizing synchronically in the three countries, an accuracy-based EQA program with fresh whole blood, to investigate the performance of HbA1c assays within and across countries and manufacturers, and to review the EQA acceptance limits.

Methods:
Throughout 2015, ten fresh whole blood samples were supplied to the participants. Aggregated results were evaluated according to the IFCC model for quality targets at four levels: overall, per country, per manufacturer, and per country per manufacturer.

Results:
Robust results in summer and winter demonstrated the feasibility of organizing an EQA with fresh whole blood samples in three countries. The overall performances, as well as the performance for each country were very similar: results fell within the IFCC criteria. Although substantial differences between results from different manufacturers were present, the performances of laboratories using tests of the same manufacturer were strikingly similar in the three countries, suggesting that the quality of HbA1c assays is for the most part manufacturer- related. The improved design of the EQA program also suggested that acceptance limits for performance can be reduced to approximately 8%.
Variety Difference in Molecular Structure, Physico-chemical and Thermal Properties of Starches from Pigmented Rice
Authors: Koteswara Reddy Chagam , Kimi Lalmuan , Haripriya Sundaramoorthy 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Starches isolated from three different pigmented rice varieties (Chak-hao Amubi, Chak-hao Poireiton, and Chak-hao Angangba) and investigated for their molecular structure and physico-chemical properties including amylose content, morphology, crystallinity, pasting viscosity, color, thermal property, swelling power and solubility. Significant differences were detected in physico-chemical and functional properties (p
≤0.05) of rice starches. The amylose content results revealed that Chak-hao Angangba (1.93 %) and Chak-hao Poireiton (1.98 %) are waxy rice, and Chak-hao Amubi (3.16 %) is a very low-amylose rice. The morphology of rice starch granules shown polyhedral edges with an irregular shape; and the XRD patterns of rice starches exhibited A-type crystalline patterns with peaks at 2θ=15.1°, 17.1°, 18.2° and 23.0°. Waxy rice starches shown higher peak viscosity and enthalpy with lower gelatinization temperatures than very low amylose rice starches. The pasting viscosity, swelling power and solubility crystallinity of rice starches were varied significantly (p
≤0.05). Finally, the present study provides knowledge for the utilization of starches isolated from three pigmented rice varieties grown in North-Eastern part of India that would be relevant for both domestic and industrial applications.
African diaspora and the circulation of language: Cuban and Afro-Cuban loanwords in Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Castillo-Rodríguez Susana 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhen in 1861 nearly 200 emancipated black Cubans settled in the “Barrio Congo” of Fernando Po to work in public construction, a process of language contact initiated. Four years later, a few hundred political activists were deported from Cuba to Fernando Po because of their potential influence in the Cuban revolution. This historical episode might have triggered Cubans’ and Afro-Cubans’ lexical transfers to the Spanish spoken in Fernando Po as a result of the two-way connection of the transatlantic slave trade. Based on royal decrees, archival material and the memoirs of Cuban exiles (Balmaseda, Francisco Javier. [1869] 1874.
Imaging of complex-valued tensors for two-dimensional Maxwell’s equations
Authors: Guo Chenxi , Bal Guillaume 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper concerns the imaging of a complex-valued anisotropic tensor

γ
=

σ
+

𝜾
⁢
ω
⁢
ε

${\gamma=\sigma+\boldsymbol{\iota}\omega\varepsilon}$

from knowledge of several inter magnetic fields H, where H satisfies the anisotropic Maxwell system on a bounded domain

X
⊂

ℝ
2

${X\subset\mathbb{R}^{2}}$

with prescribed boundary conditions on

∂
⁡
X

${\partial X}$

. We show that γ can be uniquely reconstructed with a loss of two derivatives from errors in the acquisition H. A minimum number of five well-chosen functionals guaranties a local reconstruction of γ in dimension two. The explicit inversion procedure is presented in several numerical simulations, which demonstrate the influence of the choice of boundary conditions on the stability of the reconstruction. This problem finds applications in the medical imaging modalities Current Density Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography.
Knowledge of health principles among professionals in Slovenian kindergartens
Authors: Slabe Damjan , Fink Rok , Dolenc Eva , Kvas Andreja 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Preschool children have significant health issues. From the relevant legislation and regulations, it can be seen that kindergarten teachers (KTs) and kindergarten teacher assistants (KTAs) are expected to be familiarwith the basic hygienic measures and steps for preventing injuries and illnesses, to recognize infectious diseases, and to know how to give the first aid. To gain these skills, a continuous life-long learning is necessary, because the characteristics of diseases are changing. Study design: original research.

Methods
45 kindergartens in Slovenia were randomly selected and a questionnaire with 17 questions on health themes was sent. An analysis was performed via SPSS 17.0, using descriptive methods and nonparametric χ2 tests.

Results
There were 774 participants, of whom 56% were KTs and 44% KTAs. The share of KTs and KTAs who consider their knowledge of health principles to be very good or excellent is 67%. Their estimation of first aid knowledge is lower. They are also well aware of the importance of health knowledge in their work; a total of 87% strongly agree with this. The results also show that they are familiar with hygiene principles. The χ2 test showed there are certain statistically characteristic connections between the age of teachers and their assistants, occupation and work experiences.

Conclusions
Because children are a particularly vulnerable group, teachers can encounter injuries and sudden illnesses at their work. Supplementary education is necessary among skilled workers in educational institutions, including kindergartens.
Testing for and estimating structural breaks and other nonlinearities in a dynamic monetary sector
Authors: Ericsson Neil R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMilton Friedman and Anna Schwartz constructed an important macroeconomic dataset for the United Kingdom that spans 1878–1970. Numerous authors have modeled the demand for broad money on that dataset. Model selection is central to assessing the merits of the resulting empirical models, so the current paper re-evaluates that issue with
Artroplastia total de codo para el tratamiento de fracturas de húmero distal en pacientes mayores de 65 años. [Total elbow arthroplasty for distal humerus fractures in patients older than 65 years.]
Authors: Gallucci Gerardo , Calderón Warner Larrondo , Boretto Jorge , Castellaro Lantermo Juan Antonio , Terán Julio , De Carli Pablo 
Published: May 2016

<p><strong>Objetivo</strong></p><p><strong></strong>Reportar los resultados clínico-radiológicos del tratamiento de las fracturas del húmero distal (FHD) con prótesis total de codo en pacientes &gt; 65 años.</p><p><strong>Material y métodos</strong></p><p><strong></strong>Este trabajo retrospectivo fue realizado en 2 centros quirúrgicos. Se incluyeron: pacientes con FHD, &gt; 65 años, operados con prótesis total de Coonrad-Morrey y con seguimiento &gt;1 año. Se incluyeron 21 pacientes. Veinte eran mujeres con una edad promedio de 79 años. Según la clasificación AO, 13 fracturas eran del tipo C3, 7 C2 y una A2. Todos los pacientes fueron operados sin desinserción del aparato extensor. El seguimiento promedio fue de 40 meses.</p><p><strong>Resultados</strong></p><p><strong></strong>La flexo-extensión fue de 123-17°, con un arco de movilidad de 106° (un 80 % con respecto al lado sano). El dolor según EVA fue de 1 punto. El SCM promedio fue de 83 puntos: 8 pacientes tuvieron resultados excelentes, 11 buenos, 1 regular y 1 malo. El DASH promedio fue de 24 puntos. No se evidenciaron aflojamientos en 13 pacientes. Se observaron 9 complicaciones: 2 pacientes fueron reoperados por desgaste del polietileno, 1 paciente fue reoperado al mes de la cirugía para la recolocación del perno de ensamble por una falla en la colocación del mismo, 2 pacientes presentaron parestesias postoperatoria del nervio cubital. Un paciente presentó un hematoma de la herida que produjo una necrosis de la piel y necesitó de un colgajo braquial para su cobertura.</p><p><strong>Conclusiones</strong></p><p><strong></strong>El tratamiento de FHD con prótesis total de codo en pacientes &gt; 65 años, puede ofrecer una opción razonable de tratamiento, pero las indicaciones deben estar limitadas a fracturas complejas donde la fijación interna puede ser precaria, en pacientes con osteoporosis y con baja demanda funcional.</p>
Physician Assistants as Chronic Care Coordinators - An Interdisciplinary Patient Centered Approach to Managing Diabetes
Authors: Santi Nicolas 
Published: May 2016

With an aging population and an increasing number of people living with chronic disease, Canada’s primary care system is in need of change. Healthcare must better incorporate prevention and patient education in the battle against chronic disease. This article exploresthe growing role of Physician Assistants (PAs) in enhancing access to appropriate care for the chronically ill, using an example of a PA working as part of a family physician practice in Northern Ontario to improve the care of its diabetic patients. Avec une population vieillissante et un nombre croissant de personnes vivant avec une maladie chronique, le système de soins primaires canadien est en besoin de changement. Les soins de santé doivent mieux intégrer la prévention et l’éducation des patients dans la lutte contre les maladies chroniques. Cet article explore le rôle croissant des adjoints au médecin (AM) dans l’amélioration de l’accès aux soins appropriés pour les patients vivants avec des malades chroniques. Ceci sera illustré par le biais d’un exemple d’un AM travaillant dans une pratique de médecine familiale au Nord de l’Ontario pour améliorer les soins de ses patients diabétiques.
Medicine and the Art of Seeing
Authors: Rosetti Leah Natalie 
Published: May 2016

This Humanities in Medicine article is an examination of the use of formal fine arts training in medical curricula to enhance diagnos­tic skills. A great amount can be discerned about pathology and pathophysiology using visual cues. Conventional medical education stresses the importance of physical diagnostic skills but often omits explicit teaching on how to methodically observe for information that could be useful for diagnosis. The current curriculum could be greatly complimented by the study of fine arts, which deals directly with the careful observation, description, and interpretation of the visual world. Cet article sur la médecine et les humanités est un aperçu sur la pertinence d’incorporer une formation formelle des beaux-arts dans le curriculum médical afin d’optimiser l’habileté des cliniciens à poser un bon diagnostic. L’utilisation de repères visuels est d’une grande utilité pour discerner la pathologie et la physiopathologie de différentes maladies. L’éducation médicale conventionnelle souligne l’importance de l’examen physique lorsqu’on doit poser un diagnostic, mais néglige parfois l’enseignement d’une approche méthodique qui utilise activement l’observation afin de repérer des informations qui pourraient être très utiles dans le diagnostic d’un patient. Le curriculum actuel pourrait très bien incorporer l’étude des beaux-arts, car celle-ci implique une observation, une descrip­tion et une interprétation du monde visuel qui nous entoure.
Late Partial Dissociation of a Humeral Head Morse Taper Associated with Periprosthetic Proximal Humeral Fracture
Authors: Lee Alan H. , Dilisio Matthew F. , Warner Jon J.P. 
Published: May 2016

Case:
A fifty-two-year-old man who had undergone total shoulder arthroplasty ten years previously presented following a mechanical fall onto his operatively treated shoulder, resulting in a periprosthetic humeral fracture and partial dissociation of the humeral head from the stem.

Conclusion:
Shoulder surgeons should consider late disengagement of the Morse taper as a potential cause of surgical failure. Partial late dissociation of the humeral head from the stem after shoulder arthroplasty is possible and can be associated with a fracture. The shoulder surgeon should be aware of this potential complication when evaluating periprosthetic proximal humeral fractures, emphasizing the importance of attention to detail when evaluating patients.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Azadirachta Indica, Commiphora Myrrha, Glycyrrhiza Glabra Against Enterococcus Faecalis using Real Time PCR
Authors: Anand Suresh , Rajan Mathan , Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu , Kandaswamy Deivanayagam , Shravya Yarramreddy , Rajeswari Kalaiselvam 
Published: May 2016

Aim:
To compare the antibacterial efficacy of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Commiphora myrrha (Myrrh), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice) with 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) against E. faecalis by using Real Time PCR

Materials and Methods:
A total of fifty teeth specimens (n=50) were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. Specimens were divided into five groups (Group 1: Myrrh, Group 2: Neem, Group 3: Liquorice, Group 4: 2% CHX and Group 5: Saline (negative control)). The intracanal medicaments were packed inside the tooth. After 5 days, the remaining microbial load was determined by using real time PCR

Results:
Threshold cycle (Ct) values of Myrrh extract, Neem extract, Liquorice Extract, 2% CHX and saline were found to be 30.94, 23.85, 21.38, 30.93 and 17.8 respectively

Conclusion:
Myrrh extract showed inhibition of E.faecalis equal to that of 2% CHX followed by Neem, Liquorice and Saline
Incidence of malignancy and outcomes for dogs undergoing splenectomy for incidentally detected nonruptured splenic nodules or masses: 105 cases (2009–2013)
Authors: Cleveland Matthew J. , Casale Sue 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of malignancy and survival rates of dogs that underwent splenectomy for incidentally detected nonruptured splenic masses or nodules.
DESIGN Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS 105 client-owned dogs.
PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs that underwent splenectomy at a veterinary teaching hospital between 2009 and 2013 were examined to identify patients with incidentally detected nonruptured splenic masses or nodules without associated hemoperitoneum. Only dogs with histologically confirmed diagnoses were included. Information regarding signalment, preoperative diagnostic tests, perioperative blood product transfusions, splenic mass diameter, histologic findings, adjunctive treatments, and survival time was collected and analyzed.
RESULTS 74 of 105 (70.5%) patients had benign splenic lesions and 31 (29.5%) had malignant neoplasia, most commonly hemangiosarcoma (18/31 [58%]). The hazard of death decreased as preoperative PCV increased; histopathologic diagnosis of malignant neoplasia was significantly associated with an increased hazard of death. Median life expectancy of dogs with benign and malignant lesions was 436 and 110 days, respectively; 41 of 74 patients with benign lesions and 3 of 31 patients with malignant neoplasia were still alive at study conclusion. Median life expectancy of dogs with hemangiosarcoma was 132 days; only 7 of these 18 dogs received any adjunctive chemotherapeutic treatments.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Incidentally found, nonruptured splenic masses or nodules without associated hemoperitoneum were most commonly benign. Results suggested that life expectancy for these dogs with incidentally detected benign or malignant splenic lesions that received prompt intervention was better than has previously been reported for other studied populations.