bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-molecule imaging and tracking of molecular dynamics in living cells
Authors: Li Nan , Zhao Rong , Sun Yahong , Ye Zi , He Kangmin , Fang Xiaohong 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Unlike the ensemble-averaging measurements, the single-molecule imaging and tracking (SMIT) in living cells provides the real-time quantitative information about the locations, kinetics, dynamics and interactions of individual molecules in their native environments with high spatiotemporal resolution and minimal perturbation. The past decade has witnessed a transforming development in the methods of SMIT with living cells, including fluorescent probes, labeling strategies, fluorescence microscopy, and detection and tracking algorithms. In this review, we will discuss these aspects with a particular focus on their recent advancements. We will then describe representative single-molecule studies to illustrate how the single-molecule approaches can be applied to monitor biomolecular interaction/reaction dynamics, and extract the molecular mechanistic information for different cellular systems.
The Graduate Medical Education Scholars Track: Developing Residents as Clinician–Educators During Clinical Training via a Longitudinal, Multimodal, and Multidisciplinary Track
Authors: Ahn James , Martin Shannon K. , Farnan Jeanne M. , Fromme H. Barrett 
Published: July 2017

Problem
Residency clinician–educator tracks have been created; however, they have generally been limited to a single discipline or program and experienced some challenges. The Graduate Medical Education Scholars Track (GMEST), an embedded longitudinal, multimodal, multidisciplinary clinician–educator track for residents, was piloted at the Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, in academic year 2014–2015.

Approach
The GMEST is a two-year experience completed during residency training. The goal is to prepare trainees for academic careers as clinician–educators with a focus on medical education scholarship. This track is designed for residents from diverse training programs with variable clinical schedules and blends a live interactive program, asynchronous instruction and discussion, and overarching multimodal mentorship in medical education. Participants are expected to complete a capstone medical education project and submit it to institutional, regional, and/or national venues.

Outcomes
Data gathered from the 2014–2016 and 2015–2017 cohorts demonstrated that 21/22 (95%) participants were satisfied with the GMEST curriculum, felt it was important to their development as future clinician–educators, and felt it would positively influence their ability to work in medical education. Further, 18/22 (82%) participants wished to pursue a career as a clinician–educator and in medical education leadership and/or scholarship.

Next Steps
The authors will longitudinally track graduates’ future career positions, projects, publications, and awards, and cross-match and compare GMEST graduates with non-GMEST residents interested in medical education. Faculty mentors, program directors, and the Medical Education, Research, Innovation, Teaching, and Scholarship community will be asked for feedback on the GMEST.
Effectiveness and Safety of Batroxobin, Tranexamic Acid and a Combination in Reduction of Blood Loss in Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery
Authors: Nagabhushan Roopa M. , Shetty Ajoy P. , Dumpa Srikanth R. , Subramanian Balavenkat , Kanna Rishi M. , Shanmuganathan Rajasekeran 
Published: July 2017

Study Design.
A prospective randomized double blind placebo controlled trail.

Objective.
To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of batroxobin (botropase), tranexamic acid (TXA), and their combination in reduction of perioperative blood loss in lumbar spine single level fusion surgeries.

Summary of Background Data.
Spinal surgeries are associated with significant blood loss leading to perioperative anemia and increased need for allogenic transfusion. TXA competitively inhibits plasmin and batroxobin converts fibrinogen to fibrin and theoretically their combination is synergistic. Though TXA is widely studied in controlling blood loss, there is little information on use of batroxobin and their combination. Thus, we aimed to study effect and safety of individual drugs and their combination in controlling blood loss in spinal surgery.

Methods.
Hundred patients were randomized into four groups. Group B received batroxobin, group T received TXA, group BT received batroxobin and TXA and group P received placebo. Outcomes assessed are intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, hematocrit, allogenic blood transfusion, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), postoperatively.

Result.
Mean intraoperative blood loss in Group B, T, BT, and P were 268.32 ± 62.92 mL, 340.72 ± 182.75 mL, 256.96 ± 82.64 mL, and 448.44 ± 205.86 mL, respectively. Postoperative surgical site drain collection in Group B, T, BT, and P were 218.00 ± 100.54 mL, 260.40 ± 100.85 mL, 191.00 ± 87.84 mL, and 320.00 ± 125.83 mL, respectively. Intraoperative blood loss of Group P was statistically higher than Groups B and BT (P < 0.001). Mean postoperative surgical site drain collection was statistically significant (P < 0.001). No statistically significant differences in fluid administration (P = 0.751), blood transfusion (P = 1.000), preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin (P = 0.090, P = 0.134, respectively), and deep vein thrombosis (P = 1.000).

Conclusion.
Batroxobin and combination of batroxobin with tranexamic acid significantly reduced perioperative blood loss when compared with placebo.

Level of Evidence: 2
Incidence and predictors of adenoma after surgery for colorectal cancer
Authors: Marques-Antunes Joana , Libânio Diogo , Gonçalves Pedro , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Pimentel-Nunes Pedro 
Published: July 2017

Objective
Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are at increased risk for developing metachronous premalignant and malignant lesions. However, its real incidence and underlying risk factors are still unclear, and therefore quality measures for colonoscopy under this indication have not been completely established. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of and risk factors for the development of adenomas after surgery for CRC.

Patients and methods
A total of 535 patients submitted to curative surgery for CRC between January 2008 and December 2011 were selected and their clinical records and surveillance colonoscopies were reviewed.

Results
During a median follow-up of 62 months, 39.4% of the patients developed adenomas, 17.6% advanced adenomas and 3.4% developed metachronous cancers. Male sex [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29–3.07] was an independent risk factor for adenomas during follow-up and absence of a high-quality baseline colonoscopy was the only independent risk factor for advanced adenomas (AOR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.03–3.07) and metachronous cancer (AOR=7.05; 95% CI: 1.52–32.66). In patients who had undergone a high-quality colonoscopy at baseline and at the first follow-up, the presence of adenomas (odds ratio=12.30; 95% CI: 2.30–66.25) and advanced adenomas (odds ratio=10.50; 95% CI: 2.20–50.18) in the first follow-up colonoscopy was a risk factor for the development of metachronous advanced adenomas during the subsequent surveillance.

Conclusion
Undergoing a high-quality baseline colonoscopy is the most important factor for reducing the incidence of advanced lesions after CRC surgery. All patients remain at high-risk for adenomas and advanced adenomas, but standardized follow-up should be adjusted after the first year of follow-up.
Children Receiving Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation are at Increased Risk of Onychocryptosis Requiring Surgical Management
Authors: Ezekian Brian , Englum Brian R. , Gilmore Brian F. , Kim Jina , Leraas Harold J. , Driscoll Timothy A. , Tracy Elisabeth T. , Rice Henry E. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
At our institution, a high proportion of children with onychocryptosis (ingrown toenail) requiring surgical intervention were noted to have a history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We analyzed the characteristics of patients who underwent surgical intervention for onychocryptosis and examined our institutional HSCT database to determine if an association exists between onychocryptosis and HSCT.

Materials and Methods:
Surgical cases for onychocryptosis performed from 2000 to 2012 were identified. Nine demographic, clinical, and perioperative variables for both patients with and without prior HSCT were assessed. In a separate analysis, the institutional HSCT database was then queried to identify the prevalence and clinical characteristics associated with onychocryptosis after HSCT.

Results:
We identified 17 children who had undergone surgical management of onychocryptosis, of which 8 (47.1%) had previous HSCT. Children who had undergone HSCT had an aggressive form of onychocryptosis with 50.0% having bilateral great toe and nail edge involvement and 37.5% having a recurrence. In HSCT cohort analysis of 1069 children, 91 (8.5%) had onychocryptosis. Male sex, non-black race, acute graft versus host disease, and increasing age at transplantation were independently associated with onychocryptosis.

Conclusions:
HSCT is strongly associated with onychocryptosis requiring surgical intervention. Children with a history of HSCT may also have more aggressive toenail disease, with higher rates of surgical intervention, bilateral ingrown toenails, recurrence, and need for return to the operating room. Clinicians should perform careful screening and early treatment in these patients.
Can Anger Be Helpful?
Authors: Adler Amy B. , Brossart Daniel F. , Toblin Robin L. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Studies have found that soldiers returning from combat deployment report elevated levels of anger and aggression. The present study examined the perception that anger was helpful in performing occupationally related duties and whether this perception was associated with mental health problems, somatic symptoms, and functioning. Soldiers (N = 627) completed a survey 4 months after their deployment to Afghanistan and again 3 months later. When examining anger over time, findings revealed four groups of different latent classes: low stable (resilient), high stable (chronic), decreasing over time (improved), and increasing over time (delayed problems). For two of the groups (chronic and delayed problems), perceiving anger as helpful was closely related to anger reactions. Perceiving anger as helpful was also associated with worse mental health symptoms. Further work in understanding how to mitigate this positive perception of anger in prevention initiatives may be useful in addressing anger reactions.
Sialocele Following Traumatic Dental Procedure
Authors: Hoehn Erin F. , Wurster Ovalle Victoria , Kim Young , Hariharan Selena L. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We present a case of a 17-year-old girl with sialadenitis and sialocele due to trauma sustained from a dental procedure. Our objectives are to review relevant literature and anatomy of the floor of the mouth and salivary glands and discuss potential complications of dental procedures.
A Theoretical Model of Flow Disruptions for the Anesthesia Team During Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Boquet Albert , Cohen Tara , Diljohn Fawaaz , Cabrera Jennifer , Reeves Scott , Shappell Scott 
Published: July 2017

Objectives
This investigation explores flow disruptions observed during cardiothoracic surgery and how they serve to disconnect anesthesia providers from their primary task. We can improve our understanding of this disengagement by exploring what we call the error space or the accumulated time required to resolve disruptions.

Methods
Trained human factors students observed 10 cardiac procedures for disruptions impacting the anesthesia team and recorded the time required to resolve these events. Observations were classified using a human factors taxonomy.

Results
Of 301 disruptions observed, interruptions (e.g., those events related to alerts, distractions, searching activity, spilling/dropping, teaching moment, and task deviations) accounted for the greatest frequency of events (39.20%). The average amount of time needed for each disruption to be resolved was 48 seconds. Across 49.87 hours of observation, more than 4 hours were spent resolving disruptions to the anesthesia team’s work flow.

Conclusions
By defining a calculable error space associated with these disruptions, this research provides a conceptual metric that can serve in the identification and design of targeted interventions. This method serves as a proactive approach for recognizing systemic threats, affording healthcare workers the opportunity to mitigate the development and incidence of preventable errors precedently.
Clinical Implications of the 2016 International Study Group on Pancreatic Surgery Definition and Grading of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula on 775 Consecutive Pancreatic Resections
Authors: Pulvirenti Alessandra , Marchegiani Giovanni , Pea Antonio , Allegrini Valentina , Esposito Alessandro , Casetti Luca , Landoni Luca , Malleo Giuseppe , Salvia Roberto , Bassi Claudio 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical implications of the 2016 International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) definition and classification of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) using a single high-volume institutional cohort of patients undergone pancreatic surgery.

Background:
The ISGPS definition and grading system of POPF has been recently updated. Although the rationale for the changes was supported by previous studies, the effect of the new definition and classification scheme on surgical series has not been established.

Methods:
A total of 775 patients undergone pancreatic surgery in our institute from 2013 to 2015 were reviewed. The parameters modified in the ISGPS classification were analyzed according to postoperative outcomes. Finally the classification was validated by external clinical and economical outcomes.

Results:
Applying the 2016 scheme, 17.5% of patients changed classification group compared to the 2015 system. Grade B increased from 11.5% to 22.1%, whereas grade C decreased from 15.2% to 4.6%. Biochemical leak occurred in 7% of patients, and it did not differ from the non-POPF condition in terms of surgical outcomes. Non-POPF group, grades B and C POPF differed significantly in terms of intensive care unit staying (P < 0.001), length of stay (P < 0.001), readmission rate (P < 0.001), and hospital costs (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The present study has confirmed the pertinence of the changes introduced in the 2016 ISGPS POPF definition and grading. This updated classification is effective in identifying three conditions that differ in terms of clinical and economic outcomes. These results suggested the reliability of the new definition and scheme in classifying POPF-related outcomes.
Sporadic late-onset nemaline myopathy with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Uruha Akinori , Benveniste Olivier 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of reviewSporadic late-onset nemaline myopathy (SLONM) with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a rare subacute progressive muscle disease. The prognosis is poor due to severe respiratory insufficiency. Recently, however, autologous stem-cell transplantation following high-dose melphalan has been shown to be effective unless there is delay before the treatment. Therefore, early recognition of the disease is important. This review gives an overview of recent advances in SLONM–MGUS, which could help to understand clinical and pathological features and treatment.Recent findingsEfficacy of autologous stem-cell transplantation following high-dose melphalan has been demonstrated in a long-term observation study. Subsequently, reports from other groups also have supported it. Furthermore, efficacy of chemotherapy toward plasma cell dyscrasia without stem-cell transplantation have been reported as well. A few case reports have suggested the presence of cardiac involvement related to SLONM–MGUS.SummarySLONM–MGUS is now considered as a treatable disease. Antiplasma cell dyscrasia therapy is a promising therapeutic option. Meanwhile, the pathomechanic link between muscle degeneration and monoclonal gammopathy remains unclear and further investigations are warranted.
Relation between travel strategy and social organization of migrating birds with special consideration of formation flight in the northern bald ibis
Authors: Voelkl B. , Fritz J. 
Published: July 2017

A considerable proportion of the world's bird species undertake seasonal long-distance migrations. These journeys are energetically demanding. Two major behavioural means to reduce energy expenditure have been suggested: the use of thermal uplifts for a soaring-gliding migration style and travelling in echelon or V-shaped formation. Both strategies have immediate consequences for the social organization of the birds as they either cause large aggregations or require travelling in small and stable groups. Here, we first discuss those consequences, and second present an analysis of formation flight in a flock of northern bald ibis on their first southbound migration. We observe clear correlations between leading and trailing on the dyadic level but only a weak correlation on the individual level during independent flight and no convincing correlation during the human guided part of the migration. This pattern is suggestive of direct reciprocation as a means for establishing cooperation during formation flight. In general, we conclude that behavioural adaptations for dealing with physiological constraints on long-distance migrations either necessitate or ultimately foster formation of social groups with different characteristics. Patterns and social organization of birds travelling in groups have been elusive to study; however, new tracking technology—foremost lightweight GPS units—will provide more insights in the near future.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Physiological determinants of social behaviour in animals’.
The effect of hypoxia on fish schooling
Authors: Domenici Paolo , Steffensen John F. , Marras Stefano 
Published: July 2017

Low-oxygen areas are expanding in the oceans as a result of climate change. Work carried out during the past two decades suggests that, in addition to impairing basic physiological functions, hypoxia can also affect fish behaviour. Given that many fish species are known to school, and that schooling is advantageous for their survival, the effect of hypoxia on schooling behaviour may have important ecological consequences. Here, we review the effects of hypoxia on school structure and dynamics, together with the mechanisms that cause an increase in school volume and that ultimately lead to school disruption. Furthermore, the effect of hypoxia generates a number of trade-offs in terms of schooling positions and school structure. Field observations have found that large schools of fish can exacerbate hypoxic conditions, with potential consequences for school structure and size. Therefore, previous models that predict the maximum size attainable by fish schools in relation to oxygen levels are also reviewed. Finally, we suggest that studies on the effect of hypoxia on schooling need to be integrated with those on temperature and ocean acidifications within a framework aimed at increasing our ability to predict the effect of multiple stressors of climate change on fish behaviour.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Physiological determinants of social behaviour in animals’.
Physiology modulates social flexibility and collective behaviour in equids and other large ungulates
Authors: Gersick Andrew S. , Rubenstein Daniel I. 
Published: July 2017

Though morphologically very similar, equids across the extant species occupy ecological niches that are surprisingly non-overlapping. Occupancy of these distinct niches appears related to subtle physiological and behavioural adaptations which, in turn, correspond to significant differences in the social behaviours and emergent social systems characterizing the different species. Although instances of intraspecific behavioural variation in equids demonstrate that the same body plan can support a range of social structures, each of these morphologically similar species generally shows robust fidelity to its evolved social system. The pattern suggests a subtle relationship between physiological phenotypes and behavioural flexibility. While environmental conditions can vary widely within relatively short temporal or spatial scales, physiological changes and changes to the behaviours that regulate physiological processes, are constrained to longer cycles of adaptation. Physiology is then the limiting variable in the interaction between ecological variation and behavioural and socio-structural flexibility. Behavioural and socio-structural flexibility, in turn, will generate important feedbacks that will govern physiological function, thus creating a coupled web of interactions that can lead to changes in individual and collective behaviour. Longitudinal studies of equid and other large-bodied ungulate populations under environmental stress, such as those discussed here, may offer the best opportunities for researchers to examine, in real time, the interplay between individual behavioural plasticity, socio-structural flexibility, and the physiological and genetic changes that together produce adaptive change.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Physiological determinants of social behaviour in animals’.
Porcine commensalEscherichia coli: A reservoir for class 1 integrons associated with IS26
Authors: Reid Cameron J. , Wyrsch Ethan R. , Chowdhury Piklu Roy , Zingali Tiziana , Liu Michael , Darling Aaron , Chapman Toni A. , Djordjevic Steven P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPorcine faecal waste is a serious environmental pollutant. Carriage of antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated genes (VAGs) and the zoonotic potential of commensalEscherichia colifrom swine is largely unknown. Furthermore, little is known about the role of commensalE. colias contributors to the mobilisation of antimicrobial resistance genes between food animals and the environment. Here, we report whole genome sequence analysis of 141E. colifrom the faeces of healthy pigs. Most strains belonged to phylogroups A and B1 and carried i) a class 1 integron; ii) VAGs linked with extraintestinal infection in humans; iii) antimicrobial resistance genesblaTEM, aphAl, cmlA, strAB, tet(A)A,dfrA12, dfrA5, sul1, sul2, sul3; iv)IS26;and v) heavy metal resistance genes (merA, cusA, terA). Carriage of the sulphonamide resistance genesul3was notable in this study. The 141 strains belonged to 42 multilocus sequence types, but clonal complex 10 featured prominently. Structurally diverse class 1 integrons that were frequently associated with IS26 carried unique genetic features that were also identified in extraintestinal pathogenicE. coli(ExPEC) from humans. This study provides the first detailed genomic analysis and point of reference for commensalE. coliof porcine origin, facilitating tracking of specific lineages and the mobile resistance genes they carry.Conflict of Interest StatementNone to declare.