bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the efficacy of postmortem human bladder tissue as a normal comparator for case‐controlled gene expression studies in urology
Authors: Matthews Catherine A. , Eschenroeder Andrew , Badlani Gopal , Evans Robert , Walker Stephen J. 
Published: August 2016

AIMSInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a poorly understood disease with no absolute diagnostic marker. A molecular‐based tool (biomarker) for IC/BPS diagnosis would have immediate clinical utility. We have generated a bank of bladder biopsy tissue from IC/BPS patients and require a control group for comparative gene expression studies. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of cadaveric bladder specimens as a viable source of control tissue.METHODSCryopreserved cadaveric bladder specimens were obtained through the National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI) tissue repository. Decedent demographics, postmortem interval to autopsy, necropsy location and size were recorded. At least two punch biopsies were taken from each bladder sample and total RNA was extracted. Nucleic acid concentration and quality were measured as was the RNA integrity number (RIN).RESULTSWe purchased 15 necropsy bladder specimens that had been harvested from women postmortem and flash‐frozen. For each bladder specimen, RNA was isolated from multiple sites for comparison both within and between individuals. Bioanalyzer results revealed severe degradation in the majority of samples as indicated by RINs ranging from “n/a” to 6.6, with most samples yielding RINs ≤2.5. Shorter postmortem interval did not correlate with an increase in RNA quantity or quality.CONCLUSIONSCadaver‐derived bladder tissue from the NDRI does not routinely yield high‐quality RNA needed for downstream gene expression applications, such as microarray and next‐generation sequencing and, therefore, cannot be used as a reliable source for control samples.
Sensitive and fast beverage/fruit antioxidant evaluation by TiO2‐Au/graphene nanocomposites coupled with MALDI‐MS
Authors: Fang Xiaoni , Zhang Kun , Yang Pengyuan , Qiao Liang , Liu Baohong 
Published: August 2016

RationaleBecause the ratio of tripeptide glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulphide (GSSG) is tightly associated with the oxidative stress and antioxidant level of an organism, it is often considered to be an indicator of the redox states of cells. Therefore, developing an integrated protocol for rapid, efficient, and low‐cost detection of GSH to measure antioxidant ability is of significant importance for the diagnosis of oxidative stress‐associated diseases.MethodsTiO2‐Au/graphene nanocomposites were synthesized to integrate the characteristics of graphene as matrix for MALDI‐MS, gold NPs as selective probes for GSH and the photocatalytic property of TiO2. Under UV–visible (UV–Vis) light irradiation, OH can be produced by the TiO2‐Au/G composites, which can oxidize GSH to form GSSG. When various antioxidants are introduced into the aforementioned system, OH can be scavenged, thereby leaving part of GSH in its reductive format. Based on the ratio of GSH/GSSG, the antioxidative capability of various beverages and fruits can be determined.ResultsTiO2‐Au/G composites were employed to enrich GSH, where 0.01 mg/mL GSH can be efficiently extracted by the nanocomposites from aqueous solution and detected by MS with high signal‐to‐noise ratio. The proposed strategy was applied to evaluate three often‐used antioxidants: Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and β‐carotene; and demonstrated that the antioxidative ability of VC is the strongest. To further evaluate the feasibility of the proposed strategy for antioxidative ability evaluation of complex sample, commercial juices and fresh fruit were also studied.ConclusionsA novel strategy for sensitive and fast characterization of the antioxidative ability of various beverages and fruits was developed based on TiO2‐Au/G nanocomposites coupled with MALDI‐MS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion transfer between ion source and mass spectrometer inlet: electro‐hydrodynamic simulation and experimental validation
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyu , Ouyang Zheng 
Published: August 2016

RationaleThe ion transfer from the atmospheric pressure ion source to mass spectrometer inlet is directly related to the sensitivity of the mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Electric field and dynamic gas flow are typically used to facilitate the ionization process and ion transfer. While sophisticated methods have been developed for ion trajectory simulation with a pure electric field, the influence of the dynamic gas flow could not be easily incorporated for the study.MethodsA nanoESI (electrospray ionization) source was set off‐axis in front of an MS inlet to study the ion transfer under the influence of both electric field and gas flows. Electro‐hydrodynamic simulation (EHS) was performed to predict the ion transfer, which was subsequently validated with the experimental characterization.ResultsThe EHS results based on the gas dynamics were found to match well with the experimental results and therefore can be used to guide the instrumentation design. The relative intensities of different ion species could be modified by adjusting the gas flow rate, and a differential transfer of the selected ion species was achieved.ConclusionsEHS is a powerful tool for the design of ion optics operating at atmospheric pressure. As a rapid and convenient method, proper combination of an air dynamic field and an electric field enabled a gas‐phase ion separation in the source region without using sophisticated ion mobility devices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
meta‐Benziporphodimethenes: New Cell‐Imaging Porphyrin Analogue Molecules
Authors: Sharma Ravi Kumar , Maurya Anurag , Rajamani Paulraj , Mehata Mohan Singh , Kumar Anil 
Published: August 2016

Abstractmeta‐Benziporphodimethene is a recently synthesized porphyrin analogue molecule which contain discrete conjugated system. These molecules are nearly non‐fluorescent in their free base form. The binding of zinc ions with these molecules turn‐on its fluorescence properties. In the present study, the fluorescent turn‐on properties after binding with zinc ions of these molecules have been explored for cellular imaging of zinc ions in MDA‐MB‐468 breast carcinoma cells. The effect of substitutents on meso‐phenyl groups on cellular imaging of zinc ions in MDA‐MB‐468 breast carcinoma cells have also been studied. The electron releasing and withdrawing group on meso‐phenyl do not effect on internalization of these molecules into cells. The MTT assay confirms lesser cytotoxic nature of these molecules for a longer time. These metallated meta‐benziporphodimethenes shows higher absorption and emission wavelength which avoid the photodamage of cells. To get insight into the structural change after binding with zinc ions, DFT calculation has been carried out.
Task–specific Ionic Liquids Based on Sulfur for Tribological Applications
Authors: Cosme João , Bastos Pedro D. A. , Catela Isabelle , Silva Diana , Colaço Rogério , Branco Luís C. , Saramago Benilde 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) have been recently considered as potentially adequate lubricants for microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) due to the specific features of these silicon based miniaturized devices. Aiming at the optimization of the lubrication of MEMS/NEMS, new ILs resulting from the combination of sulfur‐containing anions (bis(2‐ethyl‐1‐hexyl) sulfosuccinate, [AOT], and ethylsulphate, [C2SO4]) with ammonium, imidazolium or methylpyridinium based cations were prepared. Their tribological performance against silicon and steel was assessed with a nanotribometer and compared to that of other ILs based on the cation 1‐ethyl 3‐methylimidazolium, [C2MIM]. Our results reveal that the presence of the anion [C2SO4] is responsible for very low friction coefficients on silicon, meaning that these ILs may be considered as promising lubricants for MEMS/ NEMS. In contrast, the anion [AOT] did not lead to efficient lubricants for this type of systems. The results obtained on steel were not so impressive, although all the ILs based on [C2SO4] presented better lubricant capacities than commercial oil.
Commercial Separation Systems Designed for Preparation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Yield Differences in Cellular Composition
Authors: Degen Ryan M. , Bernard Johnathan A. , Oliver Kristin S. , Dines Joshua S. 
Published: August 2016

Background The role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of sport-related injuries is unclear, largely due to the heterogeneity of clinical results. This may relate to compositional differences in PRP from different separation systems. Questions/Purposes This study aims to compare the composition of PRP produced with five different commercially available systems, focusing on cellular concentrations and pH. Methods Seven donors (41 ± 12 years) provided blood for PRP preparation using five systems (Arthrex Angel, Emcyte Genesis CS, Arteriocyte Magellan, Harvest SmartPrep, and Biomet GPS III). Post processing, cellular composition was measured including platelets (PLT), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NE), and red blood cells (RBC), as well as pH. Results Platelet concentration and capture efficiency were similar between systems, except the Angel 7% preparation had a greater concentration than Genesis CS (2310 ± 524 vs. 1129 ± 264 k/μL). WBC concentration was variable between systems; however, significant differences were only found between the Angel 2% and GPS III preparations (11.0 ± 4.5, 27.3 ± 7.1 k/μL). NE concentration was significantly lower in the Angel 2% and 7% preparations compared with GPS III (0.6 ± 0.6 and 1.8 ± 1.3 k/μL vs. 9.4 ± 7.0 k/μL). RBC concentration was highest in SmartPrep (3.2 ± 0.6 M/μL) and Genesis CS systems (3.1 ± 0.6 M/μL) compared with all other systems (≤1.1 ± 1.2 M/μL). Finally, pH was significantly lower with the SmartPrep system (6.95 ± 0.06) compared with all others (≥7.26 ± 0.06). Conclusion Aside from platelet concentration and capture efficiency, significant compositional differences were identified between preparation systems. Caution should be employed when interpreting clinical results of studies utilizing PRP, as the role of compositional differences and their effect on outcome are unknown. Further study is necessary to determine the clinical significance of these differences.
Defining the lateral edge of the femoroacetabular articulation: Correlation analysis between radiographs and computed tomography
Authors: Mittal Ashish , Bomar James D. , Jeffords Megan E. , Huang Ming-Tung , Wenger Dennis R. , Upasani Vidyadhar V. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the variation in measuring the lateral center edge angle of Wiberg (LCEA) using the lateral edge of the sourcil (LCEA-S) compared to the lateral edge of the acetabulum (LCEA-E), and to correlate these measurements with three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT)-based analysis of the femoroacetabular articulation. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 24 patients (45 hips) treated for hip dysplasia at a single institution. All patients were required to have an anteroposterior (AP) pelvis radiograph and pelvic CT. LCEA-S and LCEA-E measurements were calculated from radiographs. Axial CT images were processed to standardize pelvic orientation and calculate the LCEA at three points (posterior, central, anterior) along the acetabular edge. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate radiographic and CT measures. Results Eight males and 16 females with an average age of 14.6 years were included. The LCEA-S (16.5° ± 2.0°) was found to be significantly less than the LCEA-E (26.0° ± 2.0°) ( p < 0.001). The LCEA-S had the greatest correlation with the central measurement on the 3D-CT ( rs = 0.893; p < 0.001). The LCEA-E had the greatest correlation with the anterior measurement on the 3D-CT ( r = 0.834; p < 0.001). Conclusions The LCEA can change significantly depending on the bony landmark used to define the lateral edge of the femoroacetabular articulation. The edge of the sourcil most closely correlates with the central weight-bearing portion of the articular surface on the 3D-CT and should be used to define the LCEA when treating patients with hip dysplasia. Level of evidence Level III, retrospective comparison study.
Social climate profiles in adolescent sports: Associations with enjoyment and intention to continue
Authors: Gardner Lauren A. , Magee Christopher A. , Vella Stewart A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis study explored whether adolescent sports participants' perceptions of the social climate fall into distinct profiles, and whether these profiles are related to enjoyment and intention to continue. A Latent Profile Analysis using 313 Australian sports participants (Mage = 13.03 years) revealed four distinct profiles: positive social climate (45.1%), diminished social climate (19.8%), positive coach relationship quality (19.8%), and positive friendship quality (15.3%). Individuals within the positive social climate and the positive coach relationship quality profiles reported relatively higher levels of enjoyment and intention to continue than individuals in the diminished social climate and the positive friendship quality profiles. Indirect path analyses found the social climate profiles were linked with intention to continue through enjoyment. Results highlight the value of investigating multiple dimensions of the social climate and suggest that the coach may be of particular importance in this age group. Findings have implications for understanding youth sports participation and preventing dropout.
Notes on the New National Life Tables (1921 Census)
Authors: Laing J. Murray 
Published: August 2016

The Registrar-General's Decennial Supplement 1921—England and Wales—Part I, recently published, is of more than usual interest. It embodies the Report of the Government Actuary, Sir Alfred Watson, who was invited to undertake the task of preparing National Life Tables in connection with the Census of 1921.In addition to the preparation of English Life Tables No. 9 for Males and Females separately, the only other tables prepared with similar completeness were those relating to Greater London, being the area comprised within the radius of about fifteen miles measured from Charing Cross. On the other hand, the mortality experience of no fewer than twenty-six sections of the country, differentiated by geographical position and density of population, was examined in considerable detail—a feature which, together with others referred to later, distinguishes this investigation from its predecessors.
An Investigation into the Mortality of Diabetics
Authors: Hayward R. E. , Lucena B. C. 
Published: August 2016

Previous investigationA previous investigation into the mortality of diabetics was made by A. J. Steeds following the analysis of data based upon a large London clinic. The present paper is based on data derived more recently from the experience of the patients attending a large Birmingham clinic.Diabetes mellitus2. Diabetes mellitus is a very ancient disease which may be described as a disturbance of the normal insulin mechanism of the body. The pancreas is a gland which secretes insulin for the purpose of converting sugar and starches into the energy forms required by the body (the metabolism of carbohydrates) and disturbance in this metabolism is accompanied by an abnormality in the breakdown of fats. Apart from physical damage to the pancreas the causes of diabetes are various and obscure (although they are thought to include heredity, overweight and, in females, a high level of childbearing). It is generally accepted that diabetes in young lives is a more severe form associated with insulin deficiency, whereas in older lives the disease is of a milder type, but there are many exceptions to this broad division.
A Basic Curve of Deaths
Authors: Phillips William 
Published: August 2016

The two-fold purpose of this paper is:(i) To hypothesize the existence of a Basic Curve of Deaths, a curve to which it is suggested all curves of deaths are, as it were, striving to attain—the ‘idea’ of a curve of deaths, almost in a Platonic sense, a curve applicable not only to humanity, but equally to all forms of life.(ii) To seek a representation of that curve by a function containing as few parameters as possible, on the principle that while there are other functions which fit the observations more exactly, we here prefer a simple function which fits them well enough.
Chaucer, the “corones tweyne,” and the Eve of Saint Agnes
Authors: Morey James H. 
Published: August 2016

John Keats was one of the last English poets to lyricize a venerable tradition when, in his “The Eve of Saint Agnes,” the narrator describes… one Lady there,Whose heart had brooded, all that wintry day,On love, and winged St. Agnes' saintly care,As she had heard old dames full many times declare.They told her how, upon St. Agnes' Eve,Young virgins might have visions of delight,And soft adorings from their loves receiveUpon the honey'd middle of the night,If ceremonies due they did aright.(42–50)
Achard of St. Victor (d. 1171) and the Eclipse of the Arithmetic Model of the Trinity
Authors: Albertson David 
Published: August 2016

In the first book ofDe doctrina Christiana, Augustine of Hippo famously teaches that only the Trinity is to be enjoyed; all other things and even people are to be used toward this singular end. The brevity of Augustine's passing remarks on the Trinity gives no hint that he will later devote many pages to the topic. He writes:These three have the same eternal nature, the same unchangeableness, the same majesty, the same power. In the Father there is unity, in the Son equality, and in the Holy Spirit a harmony of unity and equality. And the three are all one because of the Father, all equal because of the Son, and all in harmony because of the Holy Spirit.
Absolutions and Acts of Disobedience: Excommunication and Society in Fourteenth-Century Armagh
Authors: Gundacker Jay 
Published: August 2016

In the Bull of Promulgation of his 1234 Compilation of Decretals (commonly known as theLiber extra), Pope Gregory IX declared the goal of written law to be that “the human race is instructed that it should live honorably, should not injure another, and should accord to each person his own rights.” Yet despite the proliferation of canon laws and ecclesiastical legal procedures, Archbishop Milo Sweteman, metropolitan of the Irish province of Armagh from 1361 to 1380, could still complain about the futility of the church's ultimate legal measure, excommunication, against the many crimes of local malefactors. In 1366, he wrote to one of his officials:Very many times I have proceeded legally against Malachy O'Hanlon king of Oirthir as a destroyer of the clergy and people of the church, by excommunicating him and his henchmen in the proper form as despoilers, plunderers, and usurpers of church goods; and by placing an ecclesiastical interdict on the land to which they had fled in diverse moments. Nevertheless, because Malachy and some of his accomplices endured repeated correction, promised to make restitution, and even offered sworn oaths, in this way they obtained absolution and relaxations of the sentences of excommunication and interdict. And then they committed worse acts against the people and clergy of the church at Armagh than ever before.
Zu einem unbeachteten Maximuszitat in Periphyseon des Johannes Scottus Eriugena
Authors: Heinzer Felix 
Published: August 2016

Die Bedeutung der Schriften Maximus des Bekenners für das Denken von Johannes Scottus Eriugena ist mehrfach und aus verschiedener Blickrichtung hervorgehoben worden. Zunächst und vor allem als übersetzer von Maximus, der für den Ihren hauptsächlich als Kommentator der areopagitischen Schriften ins Blickfeld rückte, dann aber auch durch das Viele, was aus dem Gedankengut des griechischen Kirchenvaters in sein eigenes œuvre einfloß, wurde Johannes Scottus zu einem Vermittler der Geistigkeit und des Denkens von Maximus an das lateinische Mittelalter.Die nachstehenden Ausführungen beschränken sich auf ein Detail im Verhältnis Maximus–Johannes Scottus: ein Zitat aus den Quaestiones ad Thalassium im zweiten Buch von Periphyseon.
Fifteenth-Century Texts on the Ceremonial of the Papal ‘Legatus a latere’
Authors: Wasner Franz 
Published: August 2016

From the earliest times the Roman pontiffs exercised the right of sending envoys - by dispatching their legates to synods and councils, by maintaning from the time of Leo the Great their apocrisiarii at the imperial court of Constantinople and later still in the kingdom of the Franks, by appointing bishops and metropolitans as vicars apostolic, and by entrusting at times even to secular princes a kind of legatine power. While the theoretical basis of their claim to this right may be said to have received its final formulation at the hands of John XXII in the year 1316, it was nonetheless more penetratingly analyzed and expounded by Pius VI and Leo XIII. It is upon the pronoun cements of these popes that the definition of this claim in the Code of Canon Law is based:ius … a civili potestate independens, in. quamlibet mundi partem legatos cum vel sine ecclesiastica iurisdictione mittendi.
Two Notes on Germanic Antiquity Today
Authors: Goffart Walter 
Published: August 2016

The history of the early Germans is controversial terrain. This is known, though not invariably admitted. A few years ago, Klaus von See summed up the underlying predicament:Germans (Deutsche) have it hard with the origins of their national past. The oldest texts are not indigenous; they stem from Latin and Greek authors — Tacitus, Ammianus Marcellinus, Procopius. If stone vestiges are sought, one mostly has to be content with Celtic and Roman remains…. Supplementary efforts are made to unearth authentic Germanic monuments in large parts of Old Norse [literature]… — it being readily overlooked that the Edda and the sagas bear witness not to Germanic antiquity, but to the Scandinavian early and high Middle Ages, [and were] only written long after Christianization. As a result, studies of the early Germans are a difficult terrain for historical science….
Prehospital Care of Orthopedic Injuries
Authors: Melamed Eitan , Blumenfeld Amir , Kalmovich Boaz , Kosashvili Yona , Lin Guy , Korngreen Amir , Mirowsky Igal , Mosheiff Rami , Robinson Dror , Salai Moshe 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOrthopedic injuries are predominant among combat casualties, and carry the potential for significant morbidity. An expert consensus process (Prehospital care of military orthopedic trauma: A consensus meeting, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, May 2003) was used to create guidelines for the treatment of these injuries by military prehospital providers. The consensus treatment guidelines developed by experienced orthopedic trauma personnel from leading trauma centers in Israel are presented in this paper.For victims with open fractures, the first priority is hemorrhage control. Splinting, irrigation, and wound care should be performed while waiting for transport, or, in any scenario, in the case of an isolated limb injury. The use of traction splints was advocated for both the rapid transport scenario (up to one hour from the time of injury to arrival at the hospital) and the delayed transport scenario. In the urban setting, traction splints may not be necessary. Any victim experiencing pelvic pain following a high-energy mechanism of injury should be presumed to have an unstable pelvic fracture, and a sheet should be tied around the pelvis. The panel agreed that field-reduction of dislocations should be avoided by the medical officer unless it is anticipated that the patient will need to go through a long evacuation chain and the medical officer is familiar with specific reduction techniques.