bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Capacity of Chinese Olive (Canarium album L.) Cultivars
Authors: Chang Qiang , Su Ming‐hua , Chen Qing‐xi , Zeng Bi‐yu , Li Hui‐hua , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant potentials of 10 Chinese olive cultivars were investigated. Considerable differences were found between cultivars in weight, edible yield, water content, size, shape, total soluble solids, and total titratable acidity. The major sugars and organic acids in all the cultivars were glucose, fructose, and malic acid. Phenolics were the most abundant antioxidants (1174.0 to 1799.6 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fresh weight). Twelve phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by UPLC‐MS/MS. Six compounds were identified first in the Chinese olive, with 3‐O‐galloylquinic acid and geraniin isomers as the most abundant compounds. The results also indicated that the phenolic content (TPC) correlated with the antioxidant properties of Chinese olive fruit extracts. A principal component analysis indicated that the Tantou and Tanxiang cultivars were a valuable source, with high TPC and antioxidant activity, whereas Maken22, Changying, and Green changying cultivars may be eaten fresh and had high sugar and low phenolic contents. This information will be useful for selecting suitable cultivars for industry and the market.
Enhanced NOLC1 promotes cell senescence and represses hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation by disturbing the organization of nucleolus
Authors: Yuan Fuwen , Zhang Yu , Ma Liwei , Cheng Qian , Li Guodong , Tong Tanjun 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe nucleolus is a key organelle that is responsible for the synthesis of rRNA and assembly of ribosomal subunits, which is also the center of metabolic control because of the critical role of ribosomes in protein synthesis. Perturbations of rRNA biogenesis are closely related to cell senescence and tumor progression; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report that cellular senescence‐inhibited gene (CSIG) knockdown up‐regulated NOLC1 by stabilizing the 5′UTR of NOLC1 mRNA, and elevated NOLC1 induced the retention of NOG1 in the nucleolus, which is responsible for rRNA processing. Besides, the expression of NOLC1 was negatively correlated with CSIG in the aged mouse tissue and replicative senescent 2BS cells, and the down‐regulation of NOLC1 could rescue CSIG knockdown‐induced 2BS senescence. Additionally, NOLC1 expression was decreased in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue, and the ectopic expression of NOLC1 repressed the proliferation of HCC cells and tumor growth in a HCC xenograft model.
Utilization of a Sobering Center for Acute Alcohol Intoxication
Authors: Smith‐Bernardin Shannon , Carrico Adam , Max Wendy , Chapman Susan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to describe the population utilizing a sobering center for public alcohol intoxication and compare between single‐visit users, repeat users, and high users.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of 1,271 adults cared for in a sobering center from July 2014 to June 2015. We divided the population into three groups—single use (one visit), repeat users (two to five visits), and high (six or more) users—and evaluated demographics, lifetime health diagnoses utilizing the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, rates of public service utilization including ambulance and emergency department, and related costs.ResultsThe population was primarily male, middle‐aged, and ethnically diverse. Compared to single‐visit users (n = 869), repeat (n = 287) and high users (n = 115) were older, were more likely to be currently homeless, and had spent more time homeless. Repeat and high users had significantly higher rates of hypertension, liver disease, diabetes, depression, psychoses, and drug abuse diagnoses compared to single‐visit users. In addition to sobering visits, utilization of ambulance and ED and related costs were significantly greater for the high users compared to repeat and single‐visit users.ConclusionsFrom an overall heterogeneous population, more frequent utilizers of the sobering center, both high and repeat users compared to low users, had significantly greater prevalence of chronic disorders, service utilization, and homelessness. Findings indicate that a sobering center can have a prominent role in the care for those with acute alcohol intoxication, particularly those individuals with chronic public intoxication who are likewise homeless. Further longitudinal research could offer important insights as to the population served over time, investigating changes in utilization and efforts toward health and housing stabilization.
Politics of the Anthropocene: Formation of the Commons as a Geologic Process
Authors: Yusoff Kathryn 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the Anthropocene humanity acquires a new collective geologic identity. There are two contradictory movements in this Anthropocenic thought; first, the Anthropocenic trace in the geologic record names a commons from below insomuch as humanity is named as an undifferentiated “event” of geology; second, the Anthropocene highlights the material diversities of geologic bodies formed through historical material processes. This paper addresses the consequences of this geologic subjectivity for political thought beyond a conceptualization of the commons as a set of standing reserves. Discourses of limits and planetary boundaries are contrasted with the exuberance and surplus of fossil‐fuelled energy. Drawing on the political economy of Georges Bataille and the material communism of Maurice Blanchot, I argue for the necessity of a political aesthetics that can traverse the difference between common and uncommon experience in the formation of an Anthropocene commons.
Three‐dimensional models of the segmented human fetal brain generated by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yamaguchi Yutaka , Miyazaki Reina , Kamatani Mikako , Uwabe Chigako , Makishima Haruyuki , Nagai Momoko , Katsube Motoki , Yamamoto Akira , Imai Hirohiko , Kose Katsumi , Togashi Kaori , Yamada Shigehito 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecent advances in imaging technology have enabled us to obtain more detailed images of the human fetus in a nondestructive and noninvasive manner. Through detailed images, elaborate three‐dimensional (3D) models of the developing brain can be reconstructed. The segmentation of the developing brain has been determined by serial sections. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to develop a 3D model of the fetal brain using magnetic resonance image (MRI). MR images from 19 specimens (11 embryonic specimens and eight fetal specimens from 5.2 to 225 mm in crown rump length) were used to reconstruct 3D models of regionalized developing brains. From this analysis, we succeeded in registering a maximum of nine landmarks on MR images and reconstructing 19 sequential models of the regionalized developing brain. To confirm the validity of the landmarks, we also compared our results with three serial sections from the Kyoto Collection; the same morphological characteristics were observed on both serial sections and MRI. The morphological minutiae could be found on MR images, and regionalized models of the developing brain could be reconstructed. These results will be useful for clinical diagnosis of living fetuses in utero.
Effects of different loading protocols on the secondary stability and peri‐implant bone density of the single implants in the posterior maxilla
Authors: Akoğlan Mücahide , Tatli Ufuk , Kurtoğlu Cem , Salimov Fariz , Kürkçü Mehmet 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundImmediate or early loading of dental implants becomes a clinically feasible concept.PurposeThe aim was to evaluate the effects of different loading protocols (immediate, early, and delayed) on secondary stability and peri‐implant bone density of single implants in the posterior maxilla.Materials and MethodsThirty‐nine implants (Dentium, South‐Korea) were placed in 39 patients. After placement, implant stability values (ISQ) and baseline peri‐implant bone density values derived from cone‐beam computed tomography were recorded. Thirteen implants were included randomly in each loading groups. The secondary ISQ values were recorded during follow‐up visits. Peri‐implant bone density values were measured 1 year after placement again. Data was statistically analyzed.ResultsImmediate‐loaded group showed the lowest ISQ values, 1 month after placement. During the next follow‐up visits, delayed‐loaded group showed the lowest ISQ values while other groups showed comparable results. Early loading increased the peri‐implant bone density greater than the other groups.ConclusionsThe peri‐implant bone of early‐loaded implants was significantly denser than that of immediate‐ and delayed‐loaded implants, 1 year after placement. Density increment can be judged as the radiological findings of loaded‐bone, which may also reduce the need for histomorphometric analysis of human biopsy to evaluate the bone reaction around the implants.
Risk factors for single crowns supported by short (6‐mm) implants in the posterior region: A prospective clinical and radiographic study
Authors: Villarinho Eduardo Aydos , Triches Diego Fernandes , Alonso Fernando Rizzo , Mezzomo Luis André Mendonça , Teixeira Eduardo Rolim , Shinkai Rosemary Sadami Arai 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe use of short implants is still not a consensus for challenging clinical situations, such as unfavorable crown‐to‐implant (C/I) ratio.PurposeThis prospective study evaluated the rates of prosthetic complications and implant failure, the mean marginal bone loss of 6‐mm dental implants with single crowns in posterior regions and the potential risk factors.Materials and MethodsForty‐six dental implants, 6‐mm long and 4.1‐mm wide, were placed in the posterior region in 20 patients. Patients were clinically and radiographically examined after the restoration with single crowns and on a yearly basis. Potential risk factors (arch, bruxism, maximum bite force, anatomical and clinical C/I ratios, and occlusal table area) were analyzed according to the following outcomes: implant survival, bone loss, and prosthetic complications.ResultsThe mean follow‐up time was 45 ± 9 (16‐57) months. There was no early loss of implants. After prosthetic loading, 4 implants were lost (2 in the mandible and 2 in the maxilla; 91.3% survival), and there were 13 prosthetic complications (28.3%), yielding a 65.2% success rate. The frailty term showed a 95% greater chance of loss in the mandible than the maxilla. Mean peri‐implant bone loss was of 0.2 ± 0.4 mm, 0.1 ± 0.2 mm, 0.1 ± 0.3 mm, and 0.2 ± 0.4 mm in the first, second, third, and fourth years, respectively, with a mean cumulative loss of 0.3 ± 0.5 mm at 48 months. In the multilevel model, the effects of the clinical C/I ratio and time were significant for bone loss (P < .001). It was estimated that a mean bone loss of 0.1 mm is associated with both a one‐unit increase in time (12 months) and a 0.1 increase in the clinical C/I ratio. The other potential risk factors showed no significant relationship with the outcomes.ConclusionsThe 6‐mm implants supporting single crowns performed well, but the mandible shows a higher risk of failure. The time and clinical C/I ratio are predictors for bone loss.
The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival and recurrence after curative rectal cancer surgery in patients who are histologically node negative after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Baird D. L. H. , Denost Q. , Simillis C. , Pellino G. , Rasheed S. , Kontovounisios C. , Tekkis P. P. , Rullier E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether adjuvant chemotherapy will affect recurrence rate or disease‐free and overall survival in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who were staged with MRI node‐positive disease (mrN+) preoperatively. These patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with curative rectal cancer surgery and their pathological staging was negative for nodal disease (ypN0). There is no consensus on the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in such patients.MethodPatients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and underwent curative rectal cancer surgery for rectal adenocarcinoma staged as [mrTxN+M0] on MRI staging and who on pathological staging were found to be [ypTxN0M0] were retrospectively identified from January 2008 December 2012 from two tertiary referral centres (Royal Marsden Hospital, London and Saint‐Andre Hospital, Bordeaux).ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐three patients were recruited and, after propensity matching at a ratio of 2:1, n = 80 patients were divided to receive adjuvant (n = 28) or no adjuvant treatment (n = 52). A comparison of adjuvant chemotherapy vs no adjuvant therapy showed that the mean overall survival was 2.67 vs 3.60 years (P = 0.42) and disease‐free survival was 2.27 vs 3.32 years (P = 0.14).ConclusionThis study found no significant difference in survival or disease recurrence between patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy and patients who did not. There is no clear evidence to support or dismiss the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients who were node positive on preoperative MRI and node negative on histopathological staging. Further multicentre prospective randomized trials are needed to identify the appropriate treatment regime for this group of patients.
Support for alcohol policies from drinkers in the City of Tshwane, South Africa: Data from the International Alcohol Control study
Authors: Parry Charles D. H. , Trangenstein Pamela , Lombard Carl , Jernigan David H. , Morojele Neo K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. South Africa is considering a range of alcohol policy reforms. This study aims to determine the magnitude of public support for 13 alcohol policies in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and whether this varies by demographic factors and heavy drinking status. Design and Methods. Data are from the South African arm of the International Alcohol Control study, a household survey of adult drinkers using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling design. The sample included 1920 drinkers aged 18–65 years (62% men), with complete drinking data for 16 drinking locations on 955 persons (510 heavy and 445 not heavy drinkers). Results. Over half (53%) of the sample were found to be heavy drinkers. Support varied by alcohol policy, ranging from 31% to 77%, with support above 50% for 11 of the 13 policies. Policy support was higher for policies increasing the purchase age to 21 years (77%), addressing drink driving (58–76%) and restricting physical availability (60–66%). There was slightly less support for policies restricting alcohol marketing (59%) or for policies increasing the price of alcohol (34–58%), especially if no justification was given or the funds were not earmarked. Policy support differed by age, gender, heavy drinking status and income. Discussion and Conclusions. Public support from adult drinkers for a range of alcohol policies is extensive and, as found elsewhere, was strongest for raising the minimum drinking age and lowest for increasing prices. The support from drinkers to increasing controls on alcohol could be one lever to getting control measures implemented. [Parry CDH, Trangenstein P, Lombard C, Jernigan DH, Morojele NK. Support for alcohol policies from drinkers in the City of Tshwane, South Africa: Data from the International Alcohol Control study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000‐000]
Changes in right ventricular function assessed by echocardiography in dog models of mild RV pressure overload
Authors: Morita Tomoya , Nakamura Kensuke , Osuga Tatsuyuki , Yokoyama Nozomu , Morishita Keitaro , Sasaki Noboru , Ohta Hiroshi , Takiguchi Mitsuyoshi 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe assessment of hemodynamic change by echocardiography is clinically useful in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Recently, mild elevation of the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) has been shown to be associated with increased mortality. However, changes in the echocardiographic indices of right ventricular (RV) function are still unknown. The objective of this study was to validate the relationship between echocardiographic indices of RV function and right heart catheterization variables under a mild RV pressure overload condition.Methods and ResultsEchocardiography and right heart catheterization were performed in dog models of mild RV pressure overload induced by thromboxane A2 analog (U46619) (n=7). The mean PAP was mildly increased (19.3±1.1 mm Hg), and the cardiac index was decreased. Most echocardiographic indices of RV function were significantly impaired even under a mild RV pressure overload condition. Multivariate analysis revealed that the RV free wall longitudinal strain (RVLS), standard deviation of the time‐to‐peak longitudinal strain of RV six segments (RV‐SD) by speckle‐tracking echocardiography, and Tei index were independent echocardiographic predictors of the mean PAP (free wall RVLS, β=−0.60, P<.001; RV‐SD, β=0.40, P=.011), pulmonary vascular resistance (free wall RVLS, β=−0.39, P=.020; RV‐SD, β=0.47, P=.0086; Tei index, β=0.34, P=.047), and cardiac index (Tei index, β=−0.65, P<.001).ConclusionsFree wall RVLS, RV‐SD, and Tei index are useful for assessing the hemodynamic change under a mild RV pressure overload condition.
Vicia villosa ssp. villosa Roth field emergence model in a semiarid agroecosystem
Authors: Renzi J. P. , Chantre G. R. , Cantamutto M. A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is a winter annual legume cultivated for pasture and hay with the capability for natural reseeding. Vicia villosa increases N concentrations in the soil, thus contributing to the sustainability of semiarid regions. However, under rotations of 1–2 years of pasture followed by 1 year of crop (1:1–2:1), hairy vetch could become a problematic volunteer weed in the winter cereal crop phase. This study aimed to develop a mechanistic model for hairy vetch seedling emergence in order to (i) estimate the natural reseeding of hairy vetch in the pasture phase of the field rotation, or (ii) develop control strategies considering hairy vetch as a volunteer weed in the winter cereal phase. The proposed model simulates the pattern of field emergence of hairy vetch after natural seed dispersal by integrating four submodels: (i) physical (PY) dormancy release dynamics, (ii) physiological dormancy (PD) release and germination thermal requirements, (iii) hydro‐time requirements for germination, and (iv) pre‐emergence growth respectively. The developed field emergence model was validated with independent field emergence data during 2013, 2014 and 2015. The model adequately predicted the timing and magnitude of field emergence flushes (RMSE < 10.1) despite the environmental variability among years. The additive effect of each submodel clearly improved the explanatory capacity of the field emergence patterns. The alleviation of PD synchronizes the timing for hairy vetch germination, while the PY determines the seedbank persistence. These outcomes suggest the potential applicability of the proposed modelling approach within management decision support systems.
Evaluation of the angiotensin II receptor blocker azilsartan medoxomil in African‐American patients with hypertension
Authors: Johnson Wallace , White William B. , Sica Domenic , Bakris George L. , Weber Michael A. , Handley Alison , Perez Alfonso , Cao Charlie , Kupfer Stuart , Saunders Elijah B. 
Published: May 2017

The efficacy and safety of azilsartan medoxomil (AZL‐M) were evaluated in African‐American patients with hypertension in a 6‐week, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial, for which the primary end point was change from baseline in 24‐hour mean systolic blood pressure (BP). There were 413 patients, with a mean age of 52 years, 57% women, and baseline 24‐hour BP of 146/91 mm Hg. Treatment differences in 24‐hour systolic BP between AZL‐M 40 mg and placebo (−5.0 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, −8.0 to −2.0) and AZL‐M 80 mg and placebo (−7.8 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, −10.7 to −4.9) were significant (P≤.001 vs placebo for both comparisons). Changes in the clinic BPs were similar to the ambulatory BP results. Incidence rates of adverse events were comparable among the treatment groups, including those of a serious nature. In African‐American patients with hypertension, AZL‐M significantly reduced ambulatory and clinic BPs in a dose‐dependent manner and was well tolerated.
Normal meal tolerance test is preferable to the glucagon stimulation test in patients with type 2 diabetes that are not in a hyperglycemic state: Comparison with the change of C‐peptide immunoreactivity
Authors: Fujioka Youhei , Okura Tsuyoshi , Sumi Keisuke , Matsumoto Kazuhisa , Shoji Kyoko , Nakamura Risa , Matsuzawa Kazuhiko , Izawa Shoichiro , Kato Masahiko , Taniguchi Shinichi , Yamamoto Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the properties of the glucagon stimulation test (GST) and the normal meal tolerance test (NMTT) in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 142 patients with type 2 diabetes, and carried out a GST and a NMTT. We carried out the NMTT using a calorie‐controlled meal based on an intake of 30 kcal/kg ideal bodyweight/day. We calculated the change in C‐peptide immunoreactivity (ΔCPR) by subtracting fasting CPR from the CPR 6 min after the 1‐mg glucagon injection (GST) or 120 min after the meal (NMTT).ResultsMean ΔCPR for the GST was 2.0 ng/mL, and for the NMTT was 3.1 ng/mL. A total of 104 patients had greater ΔCPR in the NMTT than the GST, and the mean ΔCPR was significantly greater in the NMTT than the GST (P < 0.05). To exclude any influence of antidiabetic drugs, we examined 42 individuals not taking antidiabetic agents, and found the mean ΔCPR was significantly greater in the NMTT than the GST (GST 2.4 ng/mL, NMTT 4.3 ng/mL; P < 0.05). To consider the influence of glucose toxicity, we carried out receiver operating characteristic analyses with fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin. The optimal cut‐off levels predicting GST ΔCPR to be larger than NMTT ΔCPR were fasting plasma glucose 147 mg/dL and glycated hemoglobin 9.0% (fasting plasma glucose: sensitivity 0.64, specificity 0.76, area under the curve 0.73; glycated hemoglobin: sensitivity 0.56, specificity 0.71, area under the curve 0.66).ConclusionsThe NMTT is a reliable insulin secretion test in patients with type 2 diabetes, except for those in a hyperglycemic state.