bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on the moisture movement behavior of granites
Authors: Nazerigivi Amin , Ghiassi Bahman , Dionísio Amélia , Vasconcelos Graça 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study comprehensively investigates the hygric performance of two commonly used types of granite in masonry, each characterized by distinct porosity levels. A series of experimental tests, including capillary absorption, one-dimensional drying, cup methods, vacuum saturation, sorption/desorption isotherms, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and ultrasonic pulse velocity, was conducted in different directions and by using both pure water and NaCl solutions. The results highlight pronounced anisotropy in the granite’s hygric response, with significant directional differences in liquid and vapor moisture movement, as well as ultrasonic wave propagation. Granite with lower porosity and a finer pore structure exhibited hysteresis effects and more pronounced hygroscopic behavior, while granite with higher porosity showed greater capillary activity. The presence of salt crystals within the pore network significantly influences vapor and liquid transport properties, porosity, and moisture storage capacity. The gradual formation of sodium chloride crystals on drying surfaces noticeably altered drying kinetics, influenced by salt concentration and pore characteristics. These findings provide valuable insights into the hygric properties of granite, essential for understanding its durability and informing moisture transfer numerical models.
A survey of telehealth and its role in orthopaedic trauma during and after COVID-19
Authors: Gammel Juliette , Rivas Gabriella , Horn Ryan , Munford James , Reid Kristoff , Hartsock Langdon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aim
The COVID-19 pandemic stimulated an exponential increase in the utilization of telemedicine. Its incorporation into medicine has varied widely according to provider and specialty. This study aims to better determine telehealth utilization among orthopaedic trauma surgeons, their perceptions of how it has affected their practice, and how they envision telehealth as a part of their practice moving forward.

Subject and methods
A survey was drafted to encompass relevant issues pertaining to orthopaedic trauma and to better understand how orthopedic trauma surgeons integrate telemedicine into their practice. This survey was conducted through the Orthopedic Trauma Association.

Results
Survey results demonstrated increased utilization of telemedicine in a variety of modes (post-op visits, general follow-up, minor wound check, etc.) among orthopaedic trauma surgeons since the COVID-19 pandemic. A majority of surgeons reported no age difference nor change in patient population and load, but reported an increase in out-of-town patient visits. Concerns were expressed regarding providing the best patient care through telemedicine. Surgeons find it difficult to discuss and review diagnostic tests and are occasionally interrupted by technological difficulties. A number of surgeons expressed increased efficiency when using telehealth medicine. There is a general consensus that telemedicine in orthopedic trauma would be better utilized for a specific subset of patients.

Conclusion
Orthopaedic trauma surgeons acknowledge the likelihood of increased telehealth visits and that telemedicine utilization will increase in the near future. Despite the pandemic serving as an impetus for increased telehealth utilization, concern still exists regarding its generalizability and ability to provide quality patient care at all times.
Level of Evidence: Four (IV).
Palmyra: At the Crossroads of the Ancient World
Authors: Raja Rubina , Seland Eivind Heldaas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Syrian oasis city Tadmor, better known as Palmyra, has received by far the most attention within scholarship on the Roman Near East over recent decades. New evidence and recent research allow us to better understand many aspects of Palmyra on its own terms, but it also has highlighted the lack of synthetically published data from Palmyra itself and from broader comparative settings. In this review article, we discuss the contributions of recent research on urban development, material culture, religion, environment, economy, identity, and heritage in Palmyra, as well as the implications for our understanding of wider dynamics in the Roman Near East and beyond.
Minimizing the maximum lateness for scheduling with release times and job rejection
Authors: Kacem Imed , Kellerer Hans 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study scheduling problems with release times and rejection costs with the objective function of minimizing the maximum lateness. Our main result is a PTAS for the single machine problem with an upper bound on the rejection costs. This result is extended to parallel, identical machines. The corresponding problem of minimizing the rejection costs with an upper bound on the lateness is also examined. We show how to compute a PTAS for determining an approximation of the Pareto frontier on both objective functions on parallel, identical machines. Moreover, we present an FPTAS with strongly polynomial time for the maximum lateness problem without release times on identical machines when the number of machines is constant. Finally, we extend this FPTAS to the case of unrelated machines.
Identification and epidemiological analysis of a putative novel hantavirus in Australian flying foxes
Authors: Smith Craig S. , Underwood Darren J. , Gordon Anita , Pyne Michael J. , Smyth Anna , Genge Benjamin , Driver Luke , Mayer David G. , Oakey Jane 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In July 2017, an investigation into the cause of neurological signs in a black flying fox (Pteropus alecto, family Pteropodidae) identified a putative novel hantavirus (Robina virus, ROBV, order Bunyavirales, family Hantaviridae, genus Mobatvirus) in its brain. Analysis of the evolutionary relationship between other hantaviruses using maximum-likelihood, a systematic Bayesian clustering approach, and a minimum spanning tree, all suggest that ROBV is most closely related to another Mobatvirus, Quezon virus, previously identified in the lung of a Philippine frugivorous bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus, also family Pteropodidae). Subsequently, between March 2018 and October 2023, a total of 495 bats were opportunistically screened for ROBV with an experimental qRT-PCR. The total prevalence of ROBV RNA detected in Pteropus spp. was 4.2% (95% CI 2.8–6.4%). Binomial modelling identified that there was substantial evidence supporting an increase (P = 0.033) in the detection of ROBV RNA in bats in 2019 and 2020 suggesting of a possible transient epidemic. There was also moderate evidence to support the effect of season (P = 0.064), with peak detection in the cooler seasons, autumn, and winter, possibly driven by physiological and ecological factors similar to those already identified for other bat-borne viruses. This is Australia’s first reported putative hantavirus and its identification could expand the southern known range of hantaviruses in Australasia.
Toward multimodal learning analytics in simulation-based collaborative learning: A design ethnography of maritime training
Authors: Sellberg Charlott , Sharma Amit 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCollaborative learning in high-fidelity simulators is an important part of how master mariner students are preparing for their future career at sea by becoming part of a ship’s bridge team. This study aims to inform the design of multimodal learning analytics to be used for providing automated feedback to master mariner students engaged in collaborative learning activities in high-fidelity navigation simulators. Through a design ethnographic approach, we analyze video records of everyday training practices at a simulator center in Scandinavia, exploring (a) how feedback is delivered to students during collaborative activities in full-mission simulators and (b) which sensors are needed and why they are needed for capturing the multimodal nature of professional performance, communication, and collaboration in simulation-based collaborative learning. Our detailed analysis of two episodes from the data corpus shows how the delivery of feedback during simulations consists of recurring, multidimensional, and multimodal feedback cycles, comprising instructors’ close monitoring of student’s actions to continuously assess the fit between the learning objectives and the ongoing task. Through these embedded assessments, feedback that draws on the rich semiotic resources of the simulated environment, while considering aspects of realism and authenticity, is provided. Considering the multidimensional and multimodal nature of feedback in professional learning contexts, we identify technologies and sensors needed for capturing professional performance in simulated environments.
The Presentation of Brain-computer Interfaces As Autonomy-enhancing Therapy Products
Authors: Garbe Toni 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the societal and individual acceptance of technologies for the human body, focusing on brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), particularly Elon Musk's Neuralink. BCIs promise a direct connection between the brain and computers. Their acceptance depends on general aspects such as feasibility and usefulness. In the case of brain implants, they should also not jeopardize the user's autonomy or have a dehumanizing effect. In the case of innovative technologies that are still in development, such as BCIs, acceptance depends largely on their public relation presentation. The article uses the case of Neuralink to analyze how new technologies for human bodies, and specifically BCIs, are presented as acceptable technologies. Analyzing Neuralink's public relations communication, the study reveals how the company constructs a vision of a plausible and desirable future, countering skepticism often associated with science fiction tropes. The article emphasizes the relevance of the categorization of BCIs and shows how the presentation of BCI as an autonomy-enhancing therapy product can positively influence the acceptability of the technology. By addressing key topics of ethical discourse, such as autonomy and identity, Neuralink attempts to create social acceptance for its innovative but controversial BCI technology. The results contribute to the understanding of the complicated dynamics between technological development, public relations, and societal values.
Assessing the feasibility of ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3-Opus in thyroid nodule classification based on ultrasound images
Authors: Chen Ziman , Chambara Nonhlanhla , Wu Chaoqun , Lo Xina , Liu Shirley Yuk Wah , Gunda Simon Takadiyi , Han Xinyang , Qu Jingguo , Chen Fei , Ying Michael Tin Cheung 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Large language models (LLMs) are pivotal in artificial intelligence, demonstrating advanced capabilities in natural language understanding and multimodal interactions, with significant potential in medical applications. This study explores the feasibility and efficacy of LLMs, specifically ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3-Opus, in classifying thyroid nodules using ultrasound images.

Methods
This study included 112 patients with a total of 116 thyroid nodules, comprising 75 benign and 41 malignant cases. Ultrasound images of these nodules were analyzed using ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3-Opus to diagnose the benign or malignant nature of the nodules. An independent evaluation by a junior radiologist was also conducted. Diagnostic performance was assessed using Cohen’s Kappa and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, referencing pathological diagnoses.

Results
ChatGPT-4o demonstrated poor agreement with pathological results (Kappa = 0.116), while Claude 3-Opus showed even lower agreement (Kappa = 0.034). The junior radiologist exhibited moderate agreement (Kappa = 0.450). ChatGPT-4o achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 57.0% (95% CI: 48.6–65.5%), slightly outperforming Claude 3-Opus (AUC of 52.0%, 95% CI: 43.2–60.9%). In contrast, the junior radiologist achieved a significantly higher AUC of 72.4% (95% CI: 63.7–81.1%). The unnecessary biopsy rates were 41.4% for ChatGPT-4o, 43.1% for Claude 3-Opus, and 12.1% for the junior radiologist.

Conclusion
While LLMs such as ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3-Opus show promise for future applications in medical imaging, their current use in clinical diagnostics should be approached cautiously due to their limited accuracy.
Oscillatory DeltaC Expression in Neural Progenitors Primes the Prototype of Forebrain Development
Authors: Nian Fang-Shin , Liao Bo-Kai , Su Yen-Lin , Wu Pei-Rong , Tsai Jin-Wu , Hou Pei-Shan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNotch signaling plays a pivotal role in regulating various developmental processes, particularly in controlling the timing of neuronal production within the developing neocortex. Central to this regulatory mechanism is the oscillatory pattern of Delta, which functions as a developmental clock modulator. Its deficiency profoundly impairs mammalian brain formation, highlighting its fundamental role in brain development. However, zebrafish carrying a mutation in the functional ortholog DeltaC (dlc) within their functional ortholog exhibit an intact forebrain structure, implying evolutionary variations in Notch signaling within the forebrain. In this study, we unveil the distinct yet analogous expression profiles of Delta and Her genes in the developing vertebrate forebrain. Specifically, for the first time, we detected the oscillatory expression of the Delta gene dlc in the developing zebrafish forebrain. Although this oscillatory pattern appeared irregular and was not pervasive among the progenitor population, attenuation of the dlc-involved Notch pathway using a γ-secretase inhibitor impaired neuronal differentiation in the developing zebrafish forebrain, revealing the indispensable role of the dlc-involved Notch pathway in regulating early zebrafish neurogenesis. Taken together, our results demonstrate the foundational prototype of dlc-involved Notch signaling in the developing zebrafish forebrains, upon which the intricate patterns of the mammalian neocortex may have been sculpted.
Evaluation of the Sources of Sexual Knowledge and Information among Men in Kenya
Authors: Ndasi Darlene Mwende , Adusei-Asante Kwadwo , Van Ha Anh Vo , Grobbelaar Madalena , Nunfam Victor Fannam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSources of sexual knowledge and information among men have impact on quality of their sexual literacy and decision making. Sexual knowledge impacts on sexual attitudes, which underpin sexual behaviours and in turn impacts the sexual health outcomes of men. A cross-sectional quantitative survey was used to assess the sources of sexual knowledge and information among 484 Kenyan adult men aged 18–54. Data analysis was performed with STATA-16. Results showed that 79% of men learned about sex from school-based sex education, 75% and 72% from peers and mass media respectively while healthcare professionals (35%) and parents (28%) had the lowest influence on sexual knowledge and information. Understanding men’s sources of sexual knowledge and information that informs their sexual decision making can influence sexuality education planning and sexological practice policies targeted to out of school youths and older men. Hence, appraising formal peer educator’s knowledge could provide transformative sexual and reproductive health support services to men.
Exploring trait differences in neurofeedback learners: a single-session sham-controlled pilot study
Authors: Tipple Celeste , White David , Ciorciari Joseph 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNeurofeedback (NF) is a form of biofeedback that involves individuals monitoring and shifting brain activity towards a desired direction. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there are differences between NF learners and non-learners on psychometric traits such as the NEO PI-R personality factors, self-regulation questionnaire (SRQ) and the need for cognition scale (NFC). A total of 34 participants were randomly allocated to a single-blind randomised sham-controlled protocol 3-arm study of single-session theta NF. Twelve participants were administered a spatially defined frontal-midline theta (FM-theta) group, 11 to a functionally defined medial temporal/parietal lobe (MTL-theta) group and 11 allocated to a yoked sham NF group. The baseline session included screening of participants, trait-based behavioural measures (SRQ, NFC and NEO PI-R) and the completion of cognitive tasks with electroencephalography (EEG) recording to determine individualised peak theta activity for NF training. NF learners and non-learners were evaluated using changes in absolute theta power and the percentage of time spent above threshold using Spearman’s correlation coefficient from a total of 30-minutes of NF exposure. Significant differences in psychometric traits between NF learners and non-learners differed depending on learning metrics. Results indicated that NF learners reported higher SRQ total scores, SRQ decision making, SRQ goal setting subfactors and NEO PI-R conscientiousness, but were significantly lower in NEO PI-R extraversion compared to non-learners. This study demonstrates that learning outcomes vary based on the metrics used and emphasises the importance of selecting appropriate learning metrics and further examination of learning within sham NF training.
Darstellung von Meissner-Körperchen mit nicht-invasivem in vivo-Imaging
Authors: Infante Victor Hugo Pacagnelli , Bennewitz Roland , Meinke Martina C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The presence of mechanoreceptors in glabrous skin allows humans to discriminate textures by touch. Their quantification as clinical markers by biopsy is an invasive method of diagnosis. We report the localization and quantification of Meissner corpuscles using in vivo, non-invasive optical microscopy techniques. We discovered that regions containing Meissner corpuscles could be easily identified by laser scanning microscopy (LSM) with an enhanced optical reflectance above the corpuscles, caused by a protrusion of the strongly reflecting epidermis into the Stratum corneum with its weak reflectance.
Struktureinblicke in die kotranslationale Qualitätskontrolle in Bakterien
Authors: Filbeck Sebastian , Pfeffer Stefan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Translational quality control pathways counteract aberrant translation processes, such as ribosome stalling, and are key steps in maintaining a functional proteome. Recent cryo-electron microscopy and biochemical data provided valuable structural and mechanistic insights into hallmark steps of bacterial translational quality control, explaining how ribosome stalling is sensed and resolved.
Live-Cell-Imaging-Analysen mit Crumbs2-Varianten
Authors: Möller-Kerutt Annika , Weide Thomas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Crumbs2 (CRB2) is a novel, less-studied key component of the renal filtration barrier and part of the slit diaphragm formed by podocytes. Some CRB2 variants have been linked to inherited forms of proteinuric diseases from childhood. However, the pathogenic potential of many CRB2 variants is still unknown. Here we report the development of a simple but robust live-cell imaging-based system, allowing a first evaluation about the pathogenic potential of novel CRB2 variants.
Anwendung von Sulfatasen zur Modifikation und Biokonversion von Carrageenen
Authors: Fuchs Alexander , Sieber Volker 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Marine biomass is a sustainable source of valuable products, with the highly sulfated polysaccharide carrageenan being of particular interest to various industries. Novel carrageenans with modified sulfation patterns and carrageenan-based molecules hold promising potential in food, cosmetics, and biotechnology. Here, we describe the identification and application of novel sulfatases to tailor and break down this class of polysaccharides, enabling the manufacture of value-added products.
Eschentriebsterben eindämmen durch Mikrobiom-Optimierung?
Authors: Langer Gitta J. , Langer Ewald , Ulrich Andreas , Schulz Barbara , Steinert Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
‘FraxForFuture’ was an interdisciplinary project to study the devastating effects of ash dieback on the host, to characterize the associated ash microbiome, and to develop non-chemical and biological control strategies to combat the pathogen, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Bacteria and fungi as well as fungal secondary metabolites were identified, which have an antagonistic effect against the ash dieback pathogen or can be used for microbiome optimisation. Results, conclusions, and an outlook are presented.
Neighborhood effects and consequences of criminal justice contact: a research framework
Authors: Wu Ling , Li Na 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a framework to examine how neighborhood factors influence criminal justice (CJ) contact and contribute to disparities across multiple stages of the justice process. By conceptualizing the punishment process as a dynamic set of decision-making points, this study highlights the role of neighborhood context in shaping offenders’ CJ trajectories and post-CJ residential inequality. Using Harris County, Texas, as a case study, this research considers individual-, neighborhood-, and event-level variables to understand the cumulative effects of neighborhood characteristics on CJ outcomes. This study underscores the critical need to investigate neighborhood mobility and its broader implications for community development and public policy. The findings can be supported by extensive data from the Federal Statistical Research Data Centers and the Criminal Justice Administrative Records System, offering a robust analysis of offenders’ spatial patterns and economic transitions.