bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection, Enumeration, and Isolation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus from Seafood: Development of a Multidisciplinary Protocol
Authors: Banerjee Swapan K , Farber Jeffrey M 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus are bacterial foodborne pathogens that can cause illnesses in humans after ingestion or exposure to contaminated seafood or coastal waters. Aprocedure that combines microbiological, biochemical, and molecular methods was designed and optimized for thedetection, enumeration, isolation, and characterization of these clinically significant Vibrio spp. Initially, microbiological culturing is used to resuscitate and isolate presumptive Vibrio spp. from chilled seafood samples. Biochemical tests are then used to analyze and select presumptive isolates at the species level, and, lastly, molecular methods, such as PCR targeting species-specific hemolysin genes, are used to confirm identification and assess the potential pathogenicity of presumptive isolates. By using artificially contaminated molluscan homogenates with known numbers of V. parahaemolyticus,this method yielded, on average, 90% recovery on complete agar media and 88% recovery on selective media. For V. vulnificus, the recovery rates were 86% (complete media) and 84% (selective media). Linearity of recovery of Vibrio spp. from artificially contaminated seafood homogenates supportedthe applicability of this method. Overall, this performance-tested protocol is easy to use, cost-effective, and fit-for-purpose, with potential for routine use in basic microbiological facilities.
O acontecimento renúncia de Bento XVI em jornais de referência
Authors: Milani Tatiane , Zamin Angela 
Published: November 2016

O presente artigo analisa a produção do acontecimento jornalístico Renúncia de Bento XVI em dois jornais de referência, o brasileiro O Estado de São Paulo e o italiano Corriere della Sera, em suas versões digitais, em fevereiro de 2013. Por meio da Análise de Conteúdo (Bardin, 1979; Herscovitz, 2007), evidenciou-se que, nos jornais, o acontecimento foi assentado sobre escândalos ligados ao Vaticano, enquanto as razões apresentadas pelo Papa foram tomadas como condição que dificultaria trabalhar com tais questões.Palavras-chave: Jornalismo; Acontecimento; Papa Bento XVI; Análise de Conteúdo.Resignation’s event of Benedict XVI in elite newspapersAbstract: In this paper, we analyze de production of the journalistic event Resignation of Benedict XVI in two elite newspapers: the Brazilian O Estado de São Paulo and the Italian Corriere della Sera, in their digital versions, in February 2013. We have evidenced, through content analysis (Bardin, 1979; Herscovitz, 2007) that, in the newspapers, the event was settled about scandals related to Vatican, while the reasons presented for the pope were treated as a condition that would make it more difficult to work with these questions.Keywords: Journalism; Event; Pope Benedict XV; Content Analysis.El acontecimiento renuncia de Benedicto XVI en periódicos de referenciaResumen: Este artículo analiza la producción del acontecimiento periodístico Renuncia de Benedicto XVI en dos periódicos de referencia, el brasileño O Estado de São Paulo y el italiano Corriere della Sera, en sus versiones digitales, en el febrero de 2013. Mediante el análisis de contenido (Bardin, 1979; Herscovitz, 2007), la investigación muestra que, en los periódicos, el acontecimiento fue construido a partir de los escándalos vinculados con el Vaticano, mientras que las razones presentadas por el Papa se tomaron como una condición que haría más difícil trabajar con este tipo de problema.Palabras clave: Periodismo; Acontecimiento; Papa Benedicto XVI; Análisis de contenido.
Comunicação, turismo e confiança: processos de participação social em regiões rurais
Authors: Rudnicki Carlise Schneider , Zanchi Verenice 
Published: November 2016

Este trabalho busca refletir sobre possibilidades e entraves nos processos de organização social de famílias que cultivam, ou já cultivaram, tabaco no Vale do Rio Pardo/ RS, a partir da implantação do turismo rural. Optou-se pela realização de grupos de discussão, entrevistas em profundidade e análise documental. Entende-se que, nestes espaços, assim como em outros, há uma crise de confiança nas instituições.Palavras-chave: comunicação; turismo; confiança.Communication, tourism and trust: the processes of social participation in rural areasThis paper aims to reflect on possibilities and obstacles in social organization processes of family farming, or have cultivated, tobacco Vale do Rio Pardo / RS, from the implementation of rural tourism. We opted for the realization of focus groups, interviews and document analysis. It is understood that, in these areas, as in others, there is a crisis of confidence in the institutions.Keywords: communication; tourism; confidence. Comunicación, turismo y confianza: procesos de participación social en regiones ruralesResumen: Este trabajo busca reflexionar sobre las posibilidades y obstáculos en los procesos de organización social de las familias que cultivan o han cultivado, tabaco Vale do Rio Pardo/RS, a partir de la puesta en práctica del turismo rural. Hemos optado por la realización de grupos focales, entrevistas y análisis de documentos. Se entiende que, en estas zonas, así como otras, hay una crisis de confianza en las instituciones.Palabras clave: comunicación; turismo; confianza.
Compartilhamento de uma memória midiática em grupos do Facebook pelos migrantes da Suécia
Authors: Foletto Laura Roratto 
Published: November 2016

Este artigo procura-se entender os usos sociais que migrantes brasileiros na Suécia realizam acerca de formação de uma audiência compartilhada, com o compartilhamento de uma memória midiática nos grupos do Facebook. Realizou-se uma combinação de diversos procedimentos metodológicos, como formulários e entrevistas. As discussões desses migrantes acerca da mídia ajudam a construir, reforçar e tensionar suas identidades, ao passo que contribui, também, para se sentirem pertencentes a um grupo, o de migrantes brasileiros na Suécia.Palavras-Chave: mídia; Facebook; brasileiros na Suécia; migrantesSharing of a media memory in the groups of Facebook by brazilian migrants in swedenAbstract: This article seeks to understand the social uses that migrants Brazilian migrants in Sweden held about forming a shared audience with sharing a media memory in Facebook groups. It was conducted a combination of various methodological procedures, such as forms and interviews. Discussions of these migrants about the media help to build, strengthen and tighten their identities, while contributing also to feel part of a group, the Brazilian migrants in Sweden.Keywords: media; Facebook; Brazilian in Sweden; migrants Compartir de una memoria de medios en grupos de lo Facebook por los migrantes brasileños en SueciaResumen: En este artículo se busca entender los usos sociales que los migrantes brasileños en Suecia hacen sobre la formación de una audiencia compartida, con compartir una memoria de medios de comunicación en los grupos de Facebook. Hemos llevado a cabo una combinación de diversos procedimientos metodológicos, con formularios y entrevistas. Las discusiones de estos migrantes sobre los medios de comunicación ayudan a construir, fortalecer y apriete sus identidades, al tiempo que contribuye también a sentirse parte de un grupo, de los migrantes brasileños en Suecia.Palabras-Clave: medios de comunicación; Facebook; brasileños en Suecia; migrantes
Fabrication and characteristics of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells with molybdenum-selenide hole-transport layer
Authors: Chen Lung-Chien , Tseng Zong-Lieng , Chen Cheng-Chiang , Chang Sheng Hsiung , Ho Cheng-Han 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We present a solar cell with an FTO/MoSe2/perovskite/C60/bathocuproine (BCP)/silver structure. The hole-transport material (HTM), active photovoltaic layer, electron-transport layer, and electron-buffer layer were made of MoSe2, perovskite, C60, and BCP, respectively. The domain sizes of the CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite films that were deposited on the MoSe2 HTM films following annealing at 500, 600, and 700 °C were determined to be 23, 25, and 27 nm, respectively, revealing that the domain size of the MAPbI3 perovskite film increased with the annealing temperature of the MoSe2 HTM film under it. Therefore, the crystallinities of the perovskite layers were improved by increasing the annealing temperatures of the HTM layers. Following optimization, the maximum power-conversion efficiency was 8.23%.
Microstructural evolution and magnetic properties of ultrafine solute-atom particles formed in a Cu75–Ni20–Fe5 alloy on isothermal annealing
Authors: Kim Jun-Seop , Takeda Mahoto , Bae Dong-Sik 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Microstructural features strongly affect magnetism in nano-granular magnetic materials. In the present work we have investigated the relationship between the magnetic properties and the self-organized microstructure formed in a Cu75–Ni20–Fe5 alloy comprising ferromagnetic elements and copper atoms. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations showed that on isothermal annealing at 873 K, nano-scale solute (Fe,Ni)-rich clusters initially formed with a random distribution in the Cu-rich matrix. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements revealed that these ultrafine solute clusters exhibited super-spinglass and superparamagnetic states. On further isothermal annealing the precipitates evolved to cubic or rectangular ferromagnetic particles and aligned along the 〈100〉 directions of the copper-rich matrix. Electron energy-band calculations based on the first-principle Korringa–Kohn–Rostocker (KKR) method were also implemented to investigate both the electronic structure and the magnetic properties of the alloy. Inputting compositions obtained experimentally by scanning transmission electron microscopy–electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM–EDS) analysis, the KKR calculation confirmed that ferromagnetic precipitates (of moment 1.07μB per atom) formed after annealing for 2 × 104 min. Magneto-thermogravimetric (MTG) analysis determined with high sensitivity the Curie temperatures and magnetic susceptibility above room temperature of samples containing nano-scale ferromagnetic particles.
Physical stability against hydrogen plasma for ZnInSnO thin films deposited by combinatorial RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Kim Eun Mi , Oh Jeung-Pyo , Ha Tae-Won , Kim Young-Baek , Kim Tae-Won , Heo Gi-Seok 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We investigated the physical stability of ZnInSnO thin films against hydrogen plasma using a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system. The transmittance and resistivity characteristics of the entire ZnInSnO films showed very little degradation after the hydrogen plasma treatment. However, the deposited films with a zinc content of ≤8.8 at. % [Zn/(In + Sn + Zn), at. %] showed some optical and electrical property degradation. Within this compositional range, the resistivity of the films treated with hydrogen plasma increased compared with that of the as-deposited films. For the film with a zinc content of 7.6 at. %, the transmittance decreased by 21% compared with that of the as-deposited ZnInSnO film (at a standard optical wavelength of 2000 nm). The figure of merit of the deposited ZnInSnO thin films with a zinc content of >8.8 at. % was physically stable against hydrogen plasma. We found that the deposited ZnInSnO thin films with a zinc content above 8.8 at. % have high physical stability against hydrogen plasma.
Pedagogisk entreprenørskap i læringsoppgaver
Authors: Hansen Marit Engum , Snoen Else 
Published: November 2016

Bakgrunn: I handlingsplanen “Entreprenørskap i utdanningen- fra grunnskole til høyere utdanning” (2009-2014), ble det foreslått å etablere et nettsted for digitale læremidler i entreprenørskap i grunnopplæring. PedEnt (Pedagogisk entreprenørskap) ble lansert høsten 2014 og begge artikkelforfatterne har bidratt til den faglige utviklingen av nettstedet. To av læringsoppgavene som er publisert på PedEnt utgjør forskningsgjenstandene for denne studien. Metode: Med utgangspunkt i pedagogisk entreprenørskap presenteres her en casestudie av læringsarbeid gjennomført av elever på et ungdomstrinn og i videregående opplæring. Ved hjelp av en analyse av oppgavetekster og videoopptak har vi identifisert kjennetegn på entreprenørielle læringsformer slik de kom til uttrykk gjennom den enkelte case. Resultat: Analysen viste at læringsoppgavene kan karakteriseres som entreprenørielle fordi de fremmet elevenes aktørrolle og kreativitet. Vi fant at sammenhengen mellom oppgavenes relevans og konteksten de blir gitt i er en viktig forutsetning for at elever skal opplevde læringsarbeidet som meningsfullt. Konklusjon: Entreprenørielle læringsformer utfordrer et tradisjonelt syn der teori har forrang i forhold til praksis. Å arbeidsrette læringsoppgaver i relevante kontekster gir elevene muligheter til selv å erfare behovet for økt kunnskap.
Wind Energy Conversion Systems
Authors: Howlader Abdul Motin , Senjyu Tomonobu 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Renewable, clean, and efficient power is increasingly important as limited fossil fuel sources slowly disappear and pollution becomes more of an issue. The industry has already begun to answer many of the tough questions about where our power will come from in the future. Researchers are exploring alternative sources of power and the use of new technologies to make old sources more efficient. Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat. Among these renewable sources, wind energy is very promising and it is growing rapidly. This article overviews wind energy conversion systems (WECS), different components and generators of wind turbines, and their power transmission architectures. Furthermore, advantages and disadvantages of typical constructions, power generators, and wind farms are also discussed.
The rationale for accelerating regionally focused climate intervention research
Authors: MacCracken Michael C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTen years ago, Paul Crutzen asked whether the time had come to consider undertaking research into intentionally intervening in the climate system so that it might be considered a policy option comparable to reducing emissions for limiting human‐induced climate change. Crutzen's article pointed out how little progress had been made in reducing emissions and suggested that resurrecting decades‐old ideas for imitating volcanic eruptions as a possible intervention might be needed. Today, model‐based simulations, optimistically assuming that nations fulfill their commitments for future emissions reductions, project global average temperature to increase to 3–4°C above its preindustrial level by 2100, a level that Crutzen envisioned as likely to meriting active intervention. While research has begun to explore the means for intervening globally, such interventions raise challenging issues of governance, unintended consequences, intergenerational equity, and more. Initially, focusing research on potential tropospheric and surface‐based approaches to altering energy flows as a means for moderating adverse regional impacts might well pose less difficult governance challenges and more regionally constrained evaluations of intended outcomes and unintended consequences. Because natural processes would tend to dissipate most types of tropospheric interventions, adjustments, and even termination, would be possible over periods of weeks to months. In addition to serving their particular purpose, regional interventions would also provide an opportunity for learning more about Earth system behavior and the potential effectiveness and risks of global‐scale interventions, if such interventions might eventually be needed to counter‐balance especially severe global warming.
Variations in slow slip moment rate associated with rapid tremor reversals in Cascadia
Authors: Hawthorne Jessica C. , Bostock Michael G. , Royer Alexandra A. , Thomas Amanda M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDuring large slow slip events, tremor sometimes propagates in the reverse along‐strike direction for a few hours, at speeds 10 to 40 times faster than the forward propagation. We examine the aseismic slip that underlies this rapidly propagating tremor. We use PBO (Plate Boundary Observatory) borehole strainmeter data to search for variations in the slow slip moment rate during 35 rapid tremor reversals (RTRs) that occurred beneath Vancouver Island. The strain records reveal that, on average, the strain rate increases by about 100% (
) during RTRs. Given the Green's functions expected for slip in the RTR locations, these strain rate increases imply 50 to 130% increases in the aseismic moment rate. The median moment released per RTR is between 8 and 21% of the daily slow slip moment, equivalent to that of a MW 5.0 to 5.1 earthquake. By combining the RTR moments with the spatial extents suggested by tremor, we estimate that a typical RTR has peak slip of roughly one‐sixth of the peak slip in the main slow slip event, near‐front slip rate of a few to ten times the main front slip rate, stress drop around half the main event stress drop, and strain energy release rate around one‐tenth that of the main front. Our observations support a picture of RTRs as aseismic subevents with high slip rates but modest strain energy release. RTRs appear to contribute to but not dominate the overall slow slip moment, though they may accommodate most of the slip in certain locations.
Fault zone controlled seafloor methane seepage in the rupture area of the 2010 Maule earthquake, Central Chile
Authors: Geersen Jacob , Scholz Florian , Linke Peter , Schmidt Mark , Lange Dietrich , Behrmann Jan H. , Völker David , Hensen Christian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSeafloor seepage of hydrocarbon‐bearing fluids has been identified in a number of marine fore arcs. However, temporal variations in seep activity and the structural and tectonic parameters that control the seepage often remain poorly constrained. Subduction zone earthquakes, for example, are often discussed to trigger seafloor seepage but causal links that go beyond theoretical considerations have not yet been fully established. This is mainly due to the inaccessibility of offshore epicentral areas, the infrequent occurrence of large earthquakes, and challenges associated with offshore monitoring of seepage over large areas and sufficient time periods. Here we report visual, geochemical, geophysical, and modeling results and observations from the Concepción Methane Seep Area (offshore Central Chile) located in the rupture area of the 2010 Mw. 8.8 Maule earthquake. High methane concentrations in the oceanic water column and a shallow subbottom depth of sulfate penetration indicate active methane seepage. The stable carbon isotope signature of the methane and hydrocarbon composition of the released gas indicate a mixture of shallow‐sourced biogenic gas and a deeper sourced thermogenic component. Pristine fissures and fractures observed at the seafloor together with seismically imaged large faults in the marine fore arc may represent effective pathways for methane migration. Upper plate fault activity with hydraulic fracturing and dilation is in line with increased normal Coulomb stress during large plate‐boundary earthquakes, as exemplarily modeled for the 2010 earthquake. On a global perspective our results point out the possible role of recurring large subduction zone earthquakes in driving hydrocarbon seepage from marine fore arcs over long timescales.
Dating kimberlite emplacement with zircon and perovskite (U‐Th)/He geochronology
Authors: Stanley Jessica R. , Flowers Rebecca M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractKimberlites provide rich information about the composition and evolution of cratonic lithosphere. Accurate geochronology of these eruptions is key for discerning spatiotemporal trends in lithospheric evolution, but kimberlites can sometimes be difficult to date with available methods. We explored whether (U‐Th)/He dating of zircon and perovskite can serve as reliable techniques for determining kimberlite emplacement ages. We obtained zircon and/or perovskite (U‐Th)/He (ZHe, PHe) dates from 16 southern African kimberlites. Most samples with abundant zircon yielded reproducible ZHe dates (≤15% dispersion) that are in good agreement with published eruption ages. The majority of dated zircons were xenocrystic. Zircons with reproducible dates were fully reset during eruption or resided at temperatures above the ZHe closure temperature prior to entrainment in the kimberlite magma. Not dating hazy and radiation damaged grains can help avoid anomalous results for more shallowly sourced zircons that underwent incomplete damage annealing and/or partial He loss during the eruptive process. All seven kimberlites dated with PHe yielded reproducible (≤15% dispersion) and reasonable results. We conducted two preliminary perovskite 4He diffusion experiments, which suggest a PHe closure temperature of >300°C. Perovskite in kimberlites is unlikely to be xenocrystic and its relatively high temperature sensitivity suggests that PHe dates will typically record emplacement rather than postemplacement processes. ZHe and PHe geochronology can effectively date kimberlite emplacement and provide useful complements to existing techniques.
The impact of a continent's longitudinal extent on tropical precipitation
Authors: Maroon Elizabeth A. , Frierson Dargan M. W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe examine how the longitudinal extent of a subtropical continent impacts the distribution of tropical precipitation in two aquaplanet general circulation models. In the simpler model, the addition of land decreases evaporation and precipitation in the hemisphere with the continent, and the precipitation response scales with the continent's extent. In the more comprehensive model, tropical precipitation has zonal variation due to the downstream response of clouds to land. As the continental extent increases, this cloud response weakens and the Intertropical Convergence Zone becomes more zonal and shifts to the continent. The different precipitation responses in the two models indicate the importance of radiative feedbacks in modifying tropical circulation in models.
Constraints from GPS measurements on the dynamics of deformation in Anatolia and the Aegean
Authors: England Philip , Houseman Gregory , Nocquet Jean‐Mathieu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe estimate the strength of the lithosphere in Anatolia and the Aegean, and the boundary forces acting upon it, using a dynamical model that treats the lithosphere as a thin fluid sheet deforming in response to variations in gravitational potential energy. This model has one free material parameter, the power law exponent, n, of the vertically averaged rheology of the lithosphere, and two parameters that specify the forces per unit length applied to its edges. Solutions to this model that best fit the velocities of 346 reliable GPS sites require an effective viscosity of the lithosphere of 1022 to 1021 Pa s at strain rates of 10 to 100 nanostrain per year. The best‐fitting force at the Arabia‐Anatolia boundary is consistent with the lithostatic pressure due to the high topography there, and the force at the Nubia‐Aegean boundary is consistent with the contrast in lithostatic pressure across that boundary. No additional force, from “slab rollback” or basal tractions due to convection in the mantle, is required to explain the observations. These results are supported by scaling relations derived from approximate analytical solutions. The inverse relationship between the viscosity of the lithosphere and deviatoric stress produces strong slowly deforming regions in the Southern Aegean and Central Anatolia whose motions resemble those of microplates. The distribution of geodetic strain rates within the region, and the partitioning between normal and strike‐slip faulting, are explained by the interplay between boundary conditions, internal variations in gravitational potential energy, and the power law rheology of the lithosphere.