bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dynamic approach for MR T2-weighted pelvic imaging
Authors: Cheng Jing , Li Qingneng , Liu Naijia , Yang Jun , Fu Yu , Cui Zhuo-Xu , Wang Zhenkui , Li Guobin , Zhang Huimao , Liang Dong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. T2-weighted 2D fast spin echo sequence serves as the standard sequence in clinical pelvic MR imaging protocols. However, motion artifacts and blurring caused by peristalsis present significant challenges. Patient preparation such as administering antiperistaltic agents is often required before examination to reduce artifacts, which discomfort the patients. This work introduce a novel dynamic approach for T2 weighted pelvic imaging to address peristalsis-induced motion issue without any patient preparation. Approach. A rapid dynamic data acquisition strategy with complementary sampling trajectory is designed to enable highly undersampled motion-resistant data sampling, and an unrolling method based on deep equilibrium model is leveraged to reconstruct images from the dynamic sampled k-space data. Moreover, the fix-point convergence of the equilibrium model ensures the stability of the reconstruction. The high acceleration factor in each temporal phase, which is much higher than that in traditional static imaging, has the potential to effectively freeze pelvic motion, thereby transforming the imaging problem from conventional motion prevention or removal to motion reconstruction. Main results. Experiments on both retrospective and prospective data have demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed dynamic approach in reducing motion artifacts and accurately depicting structural details compared to standard static imaging. Significance. The proposed dynamic approach effectively captures motion states through dynamic data acquisition and deep learning-based reconstruction, addressing motion-related challenges in pelvic imaging.
Enhancing nitrogen fixation efficiency in glow-like discharge by reducing cathode-fall voltage
Authors: Li Yiheng , Luo Yi , Man Chenxi , Pei Xuekai , Lu Xinpei , B Graves David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In plasma nitrogen fixation devices, discharge electrodes are crucial yet susceptible to oxidation and corrosion due to plasma’s high temperatures and oxygen content, which could alter discharge modes. This research evaluates the impact of different electrode materials, including iron, chromium, nickel, copper, and 304 stainless steel, on nitrogen fixation efficiency in glow-like discharges driven by high-voltage DC power. Notably, iron and 304 stainless steel cathodes undergo a mode transition at increased currents, evident from plasma color shifts and significant voltage reductions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses reveal that such mode changes minimally affect nitrogen oxide production rates, leading to a notable decrease in energy consumption for nitrogen fixation by up to 40%. OES and SEM-EDS measurements suggest that iron oxide, with its higher secondary electron emission, replaces metal as the cathode material, facilitating mode transitions and maintaining discharge current at lower voltages. This voltage change is largely attributed to the cathode voltage drop, highlighting the minimal role of the cathode fall region in NO
x
synthesis. These findings underscore the potential for improving plasma nitrogen fixation energy efficiency by choosing suitable cathode materials to lower the cathode-fall voltage.
Intelligent prediction of rock bolt debonding employing the fractal theory and relevance vector machine (FT-RVM) with piezoceramic transducers
Authors: Liu Yang , Bai Yixuan , Hu Nanyan , Luo Binyu , Zhang Ge 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A new intelligent prediction model incorporated fractal theory and relevance vector machine (FT-RVM) was proposed to detect the debonding status of the rock bolt by using the piezoceramic transducer-induced stress waves. In the FT-RVM model, the original signals under different debonding status are firstly decomposed by the wavelet packet decomposition, the box dimension of decomposed signal is extracted by FT. The fractal box dimension of decomposed signals and root mean square value of the original signal are used as the as the inputs to the FT-RVM model, and the different debonding status of the glass fiber reinforced polymer rock bolt is the output. After the training, the prediction model is used to estimate the debonding status of the rock bolt. In the FT-RVM model, the kernel function utilized is the Gaussian radial basis function, and its optimal value is obtained by using particle swarm optimization. The experimental results show that the average relative error of the FT-RVM prediction model is 3.04%, and the accuracy and reliability of the model are high, which demonstrates the intelligent identification of GFRP rock bolt debonding status. The proposed intelligent prediction model based on FT-RVM could be used to quickly evaluate rock bolt debonding status.
Investigating pump harmonics generation in a SNAIL-based traveling wave parametric amplifier
Authors: Levochkina A Yu , Ahmad H G , Mastrovito P , Chatterjee I , Serpico G , Di Palma L , Ferroiuolo R , Satariano R , Darvehi P , Ranadive A , Cappelli G , Le Gal G , Planat L , Montemurro D , Massarotti D , Tafuri F , Roch N , Pepe G P , Esposito M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Traveling wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) are extensively employed in experiments involving weak microwave signals for their highly desirable quantum-limited and broadband characteristics. However, TWPAs’ broadband nature comes with the disadvantage of admitting the activation of spurious nonlinear processes, such as harmonics generation, that can potentially degrade amplification performance. Here we experimentally investigate a Josephson TWPA device with superconducting nonlinear asymmetric inductive element-based unit cells focusing on the amplification behaviour along with the generation of second and third harmonics of the pump. By comparing experimental results with transient numerical simulations, we demonstrate the influence of Josephson junctions’ fabrication imperfections on the occurrence of harmonics and on the gain behaviour.
Steering internal and outgoing electron dynamics in bilayer graphene cavities by cavity design
Authors: Seemann Lukas , Knothe Angelika , Hentschel Martina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ballistic, gate-defined devices in two-dimensional materials offer a platform for electron optics phenomena influenced by the material’s properties and gate control. We study the ray trajectory dynamics of all-electronic, gate-defined cavities in bilayer graphene to establish how distinct regimes of the internal and outgoing charge carrier dynamics can be tuned and optimized by the cavity shape, symmetry, and parameter choice, e.g. the band gap and the cavity orientation. In particular, we compare the dynamics of two cavity shapes, oŉigiri, and Limaçon cavities, which fall into different symmetry classes. We demonstrate that for stabilising regular, internal cavity modes, such as periodic and whispering gallery orbits, it is beneficial to match the cavity shape to the bilayer graphene Fermi line contour. Conversely, a cavity of a different symmetry than the material dispersion allows one to determine preferred emission directionalities in the emitted far-field.
Turbulence spreading induced

E

×

B

vortex flow generation in a magnetic island
Authors: Yoon E.S. , Hahm T.S. , Choi G.J. , Cho Y.W. , Ishizawa A. , Choi M.J. , Kwon J.M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We derive a self-consistent relation between turbulence spreading flux and vortex flow acceleration for time-stationary turbulence inside a magnetic island (MI) by extending the Charney-Drazin momentum theorem. The result, which consists of flux-surface-averaged expressions with geometrical weight, indicates a dominant balance between the turbulence spreading flux through regions around X-points and the vortex flow away from the X-points on the same flux surface. This is in qualitative agreement with experimental observations from DIII-D, KSTAR and HL-2A.
Mechanical behavior and strengthening mechanism of loess stabilized with xanthan gum and guar gum biopolymers
Authors: Rong Xuewen , Deng Shuo , Liang Baozhen , Zhuang Jia , Yu Yongtang , Wu Zheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The structural properties of loess are susceptible to change when subjected to external loads and complex environments, leading to various geological disasters. To investigate the mechanical behavior and strengthening mechanism of loess stabilized with biopolymers such as xanthan gum and guar gum, especially for soils with low bearing capacity and stability in engineering applications, we conducted research on the improvement of soil with xanthan gum and guar gum, tests including unconfined compressive strength, disintegration, direct shear, and microstructure tests were conducted. Among the four different dosages of biopolymers (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%) and four different curing ages (1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days), the 2% content of biopolymer and 14 days had the greatest impact on the mechanical properties of loess, Both the compressive and shear strength, as well as the water stability of solidified loess, improve with higher content of xanthan gum and guar gum or prolonged curing time; however, the disintegration rate decreases. Microscopic analysis indicates that the biopolymers effectively fill the gaps between soil particles and attach to the particle surfaces, forming fibrous and reticular structures that improve the interparticle bonding and ultimately increase the strength and water stability of the loess. Xanthan gum and guar gum biopolymers can improve the mechanical properties and water stability of loess, enhance the erosion resistance and improve the water-holding capacity. These outcomes suggest that guar gum and xanthan gum biopolymers have the potential to serve as environmentally sustainable alternatives to conventional soil stabilizers.
Development of geopolymer from gold mine tailings utilizing Taguchi robust design
Authors: de Leon Lanz Nathaniel , Labastida Pauleen Bea , Jan Macalino Eren , Magdaluyo Jr Eduardo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the production of geopolymers incorporating gold mine tailings (GMTs) as the primary aluminosilicate source. Utilizing the Taguchi experimental design, the effects of varying the amounts of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), rice husk ash (RHA), and copper (Cu) on the compressive strength and apparent porosity of the geopolymers were investigated. The results demonstrated that increasing Na2SiO3 to 10 wt% and RHA to 20 wt% led to a significant increase in compressive strength, peaking at 3.22 MPa, while elevated Cu levels correlated with decreased strength owing to increased apparent porosity. Analysis of variance highlighted all three parameters as significant signal factors that influenced the compressive strength. However, only the amounts of Cu and RHA showed a significant effect on the material’s apparent porosity, with a maximum of 7.3% increased porosity. Signal-to-noise ratio analysis identified Na2SiO3 and Cu as critical factors in minimizing variations of compressive strength. Microstructural analysis via x-ray diffraction confirmed geopolymerization, with the surface morphology displaying grain homogeneity as seen in scanning electron microscope. These findings underscore the potential of GMTs incorporation in geopolymers, emphasizing their sustainability in construction materials and non-load bearing applications, as well as their implications for environmental impact mitigation.
Fuzzy inventory model for breakable items, including damage costs and inspection errors in a green environment
Authors: C Sugapriya , A Fariya Azleena , D Nagarajan , J Kavikumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Conventional Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) models operate on the implicit assumption that all received products are flawless. Current EOQ models for items of defectiveness implicitly suggest that suppliers do not conduct a comprehensive assessment, even though they loosen this presumption and are more applicable to scenarios in reality. This paper presents a significant EOQ model. This model accounts for the possibility of mistakes occurring while inspection of the product. Because things are piled high in stock, breaking of products takes place. These goods are stored and sold at once, with damage costs included. Furthermore, governments have made limiting carbon emissions their top priority. In an effort to improve the environment, the tax rates in the price of carbon emissions have been included. This model is distinct because it closes the research gap by taking into account breakable items under inspection errors with damage cost, and carbon emission cost. The ideal order quantity that optimizes the total profit is determined. It is important to note that this model is constructed in a fuzzy manner by using a triangular fuzzy number to represent the cost of accepting a broken object. Applications of this idea include shipping commodities. A numerical illustration of the ideal solution is given and the sensitivity studies based on analytical results are provided. The current study addresses how changes in a few parameters influence the ideal overall cost. Findings reveal that altering the products screening cost does not greatly affect the total profit. So retailers should increase the inspection cost so that they can give good products to their customers. Additionally, managerial implications are also provided.
Global warming level indicators of climate change and hotspots of exposure
Authors: Werning Michaela , Hooke Daniel , Krey Volker , Riahi Keywan , van Ruijven Bas , Byers Edward A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the 21st century, a growing population will be exposed to various hazards caused by a warming climate. Here we present a new database of 12 climate change indicators with a total of 42 variants at different global warming levels (GWLs) (1.2 °C–3.5 °C), which is based on global climate and hydrological model data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project round 6 and the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project round 3b at 0.5° spatial resolution. It comprises of indicators relating to temperature and precipitation extremes, heatwave events, and hydrological variability. To facilitate the comparison of hazards from different indicators, including for an audience without a scientific background, we have developed a bivariate hazard score which is applied on the grid cell level and incorporates statistics on both the absolute hazard (e.g. low or high precipitation) and the relative change under global warming compared to the reference period (e.g. a large change from low to high precipitation). Additionally, we calculate exposed land area and population through the 21st century for a large set of countries and regions by combining this score with gridded projections of population from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The datasets are intended for use by the wider research community and analysts seeking digestible climate hazard and exposure data summarized by GWLs. To illustrate potential uses of the data, in a preliminary analysis we find that even at 1.5 °C large parts of the land area and population face substantial unavoidable risks from multiple indicators, with 86% of the world’s population exposed to at least three indicators with at least medium hazard using the population projections for SSP2 in the year 2050. This picture only worsens with increasing warming, as the land areas facing the highest number of impacts coincide with some of the most densely populated parts of the world.
Transitivity, Valency, and Voice
Authors: Creissels Denis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Transitivity, valency, and voice are at the very heart of the most basic aspects of clause structure in any language, but the details of the constraints that regulate the way verbs combine with noun phrases referring to the participants in the event they denote or to circumstances of the event vary greatly from language to language. The book sets up a consistent theoretical and terminological framework, novel in many respects, within which a typological approach to the phenomena commonly dealt with in terms of transitivity, valency, and voice can be developed. Throughout the book, the emphasis is on accounting for the cross-linguistic variation in this domain and capturing regularities in the variation. Much emphasis is also placed on the historical phenomena that may explain the emergence of constructions and markers and their evolution.
Participant roles and participant coding
Authors: Creissels Denis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The first section of this chapter is devoted to some clarifications about participant roles in the events denoted by verbs, with a particular attention to those which feature prominently in the discussion of the questions addressed in the book. The following sections examine in turn the three mechanisms that may ensure the existence of formal contrasts between noun phrases representing distinct participants in the events denoted by a given verb. Section 2.2 is devoted to the possible involvement of constituent order in the coding of participant roles. Section 2.3 is devoted to the typology of indexation. Section 2.4 is devoted to flagging, a notion that encompasses case marking and the use of adpositions.
Transitive coding and valency
Authors: Creissels Denis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The topic of this chapter is transitivity prominence, i.e., the extent to which languages make use of transitive coding to encode events that are not prototypically transitive. Section 7.1 examines this question for semantically bivalent verbs, for which transitive coding constitutes the default coding frame. Section 7.2 analyzes the variation in the coding frames of trivalent verbs, whose participant structure can generally be analyzed as including an agent, a transferee, and a goal. As a rule, trivalent verbs select transitive coding frames, but there is important cross-linguistic variation in the choice between double-P constructions, indirective alignment, and secundative alignment. Section 7.3 analyzes the possible uses of the transitive construction in clauses projected by semantically monovalent verbs.
Passivization and S-denucleativization
Authors: Creissels Denis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, Sections 9.1 to 9.8 are devoted to passivization. Section 9.1 introduces passivization as a denucleativizing valency alternation. Section 9.2 discusses various issues in the analysis of passive constructions. Section 9.3 deals with the relationship between passive and resultative. Section 9.4 analyzes the relationship between passive and decausative and introduces the notion of quasipassive. Sections 9.5 and 9.6 examine the co-expression patterns in which passive markers may be involved. Section 9.7 discusses constructions that look like passive constructions but are not really passive constructions. Section 9.8 is devoted to the impersonal variant of passivization. Section 9.9 is devoted to S-denucleativization, a type of voice alternation that generally involves the same markers as passivization. Section 9.10 deals with the relationship between R-impersonals and passivization.
Genetic analysis of selection bias in a natural experiment: Investigating in-utero famine effects on elevated body mass index in the Dutch Hunger Winter Families Study
Authors: Zhou Jiayi , Indik Claire E , Kuipers Thomas B , Li Chihua , Nivard Michel G , Ryan Calen P , Tucker-Drob Elliot M , Taeubert M Jazmin , Wang Shuang , Wang Tian , Conley Dalton , Heijmans Bastiaan T , Lumey Lambert H , Belsky Daniel W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Natural-experiment designs that compare survivors of in-utero famine exposure to unaffected controls suggest that in-utero undernutrition predisposes to development of obesity. However, birth rates drop dramatically during famines. Selection bias could arise if factors that contribute to obesity also protect fertility and/or fetal survival under famine conditions. We investigated this hypothesis using genetic analysis of a famine-exposed birth cohort. We genotyped participants in the Dutch Hunger Winter Families Study (DHWFS, N=950; 45% male), of whom 51% were exposed to the 1944-1945 Dutch Famine during gestation and 49% were their unexposed same-sex siblings or “time controls” born before or after the famine in the same hospitals. We computed body-mass index (BMI) polygenic indices (PGIs) in DHWFS participants and compared BMI PGIs between famine-exposed and control groups. Participants with higher polygenic risk had higher BMIs (Pearson r=0.42, p&lt;0.001). However, differences between BMI PGIs of famine-exposed participants and controls were small and not statistically different from zero across specifications (Cohen’s d=0.10, p&gt;0.092). Our findings did not indicate selection bias, supporting the validity of the natural-experiment design within DHWFS. In summary, our study outlines a novel approach to explore the presence of selection bias in famine and other natural experiment studies.
Interactive associations of cannabis and alcohol outlet densities with assault injuries in California: A spatiotemporal analysis
Authors: Matthay Ellicott C , Charris Rafael , Ahern Jennifer , Apollonio Dorie E , Jent Victoria , Jacobs Laurie M , Jung Shelley , Schmidt Laura A , Gruenewald Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recreational cannabis outlets may influence rates of interpersonal violence, but research has yielded inconsistent findings. Modification by alcohol outlet density may help explain inconsistencies. We estimated the impacts of recreational cannabis outlets on neighborhood-level assault injury rates in California and evaluated whether alcohol outlet density moderated these associations. We applied Bayesian spatiotemporal analyses to ZIP code-level statewide data on alcohol outlets, recreational cannabis outlets, and injuries and deaths due to firearm and nonfirearm assault, 2017-2019, accounting for confounders and spatial autocorrelation. Using the model posteriors, we estimated parameters corresponding to hypothetical shifts in outlet densities, overall and by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. If recreational cannabis outlets were never introduced, we estimated that nonfirearm assault injuries would have been 1.63 per 100,000 lower (95%CI: -3.08, 0.01) but we observed no association with firearm assault injuries (RD per 100,000: -0.07; 95%CI: -0.34, 0.21). These associations did not depend on alcohol outlet density, but a hypothetical 20% reduction in alcohol outlet densities was associated with fewer firearm (RD per 100,000: -1.89; 95%CI: -0.46, 0.09) and nonfirearm (RD per 100,000: -5.67; 95%CI: -7.44, -3.95) assault injuries. The introduction of recreational cannabis outlets may have contributed to a small increase in nonfirearm assault injuries.