bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imbalance in subregional connectivity of the right temporoparietal junction in major depression
Authors: Poeppl Timm B. , Müller Veronika I. , Hoffstaedter Felix , Bzdok Danilo , Laird Angela R. , Fox Peter T. , Langguth Berthold , Rupprecht Rainer , Sorg Christian , Riedl Valentin , Goya‐Maldonado Roberto , Gruber Oliver , Eickhoff Simon B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) involves impairment in cognitive and interpersonal functioning. The right temporoparietal junction (RTPJ) is a key brain region subserving cognitive‐attentional and social processes. Yet, findings on the involvement of the RTPJ in the pathophysiology of MDD have so far been controversial. Recent connectivity‐based parcellation data revealed a topofunctional dualism within the RTPJ, linking its anterior and posterior part (aRTPJ/pRTPJ) to antagonistic brain networks for attentional and social processing, respectively. Comparing functional resting‐state connectivity of the aRTPJ and pRTPJ in 72 MDD patients and 76 well‐matched healthy controls, we found a seed (aRTPJ/pRTPJ) × diagnosis (MDD/controls) interaction in functional connectivity for eight regions. Employing meta‐data from a large‐scale neuroimaging database, functional characterization of these regions exhibiting differentially altered connectivity with the aRTPJ/pRTPJ revealed associations with cognitive (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, parahippocampus) and behavioral (posterior medial frontal cortex) control, visuospatial processing (dorsal visual cortex), reward (subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex), as well as memory retrieval and social cognition (precuneus). These findings suggest that an imbalance in connectivity of subregions, rather than disturbed connectivity of the RTPJ as a whole, characterizes the connectional disruption of the RTPJ in MDD. This imbalance may account for key symptoms of MDD in cognitive, emotional, and social domains. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2931–2942, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of ex‐vivo confocal laser scanning microscopic features of melanocytic lesions and their histological correlates
Authors: Hartmann Daniela , Ruini Cristel , Mathemeier Leonie , Bachmann Mario Raphael , Dietrich Andreas , Ruzicka Thomas , von Braunmühl Tanja 
Published: April 2016

Ex‐vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) offers rapid tissue examination. Current literature shows promising results in the evaluation of non‐melanoma skin cancer but little is known about presentation of melanocytic lesions (ML).This study evaluates ML with ex‐vivo CLSM in comparison to histology and offers an overview of ex‐vivo CLSM characteristics.31 ML were stained with acridine orange or fluorescein and examined using ex‐vivo CLSM (Vivascope2500®; Lucid Inc; Rochester NY) in reflectance and fluorescence mode. Confocal images were correlated to histopathology. Benign and malignant features of the ML were listed and results were presented. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using contingency tables.The ML included junctional, compound, dermal, Spitz and dysplastic nevi, as well as various melanoma subtypes. The correlation of the confocal findings with histopathology allowed the identification of different types of ML and differentiation of benign and malignant features.The study offers an overview of confocal characteristics of ML in comparison to histology. Ex‐vivo CLSM does not reproduce the typical in‐vivo horizontal mosaics but rather reflects the vertical histological presentation. Not all typical in‐vivo patterns are detectable here. These findings may help to evaluate the ex‐vivo CLSM as an adjunctive tool in the immediate intraoperative diagnosis of ML.
Superficial spreading malignant melanoma. Histopathology (H&E stain; 200×) correlated to the reflectance (RM; 830 nm) and fluorescence mode (FM; 488 nm) in the ex‐vivo CLSM (Vivablock® by VivaScan®, acridine orange).magnified imageSuperficial spreading malignant melanoma. Histopathology (H&E stain; 200×) correlated to the reflectance (RM; 830 nm) and fluorescence mode (FM; 488 nm) in the ex‐vivo CLSM (Vivablock® by VivaScan®, acridine orange).
Identity, Critical Agency, and Engineering: An Affective Model for Predicting Engineering as a Career Choice
Authors: Godwin Allison , Potvin Geoff , Hazari Zahra , Lock Robynne 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrior to college, many students have no experience with engineering, but some ultimately choose an engineering career. Women choose engineering at lower rates than men. This article uses critical engineering agency (CEA) to understand first‐year students' attitudes and self‐beliefs to predict the choice of an engineering career.Purpose/HypothesisWe investigated how first‐year students' math and physics identities and students' beliefs about the ability of science to improve the world predict choice of engineering as a career and whether these beliefs differ by gender.Design/MethodThe data were from the Sustainability and Gender in Engineering survey distributed during fall 2011 (N = 6,772). Structural equation modeling was used to understand first‐year students' affective beliefs for predicting engineering career choice.ResultsMath and physics identities are important for predicting engineering choice at the beginning of college. Recognition from others and interest in a subject are positive predictors of physics and math identities. Students' performance/competence beliefs alone are negative predictors of engineering career choice but are mediated by interest and recognition from others. Student identities and agency beliefs are significant predictors of engineering career choice, explaining 20% of the variance. We also found gender differences in students' math and physics identities and agency beliefs.ConclusionsThis article emphasizes the importance of students' recognition beliefs and the importance of agency beliefs for women in predicting engineering career choice.
High‐frequency daily temperature variability in China and its relationship to large‐scale circulation
Authors: Wu Fu‐Ting , Fu Congbin , Qian Yun , Gao Yang , Wang Shu‐Yu 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTTwo measures of intra‐seasonal variability, indicated respectively by standard deviations (SD) and day‐to‐day (DTD) fluctuations denoted by absolute differences between adjacent 2‐day periods, as well as their relationships with large‐scale circulation patterns were investigated in China during 1962–2008 on the basis of homogenized daily temperature records from 549 local stations and reanalysis data. Our results show that both the SD and DTD of daily minimum temperatures (Tmin) in summer as well as the minimum and maximum temperatures in winter have been decreasing, while the daily maximum temperature (Tmax) variability in summer is fluctuating more, especially over southern China. In summer, an attribution analysis indicates that the intensity of the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) and high‐level East Asian Subtropical Jet stream (EASJ) are positively correlated with both SD and DTD, but the correlation coefficients are generally greater with the SD than with the DTD of the daily maximum temperature, Tmax. In contrast, the location of the EASJ shows the opposite correlation pattern, with intensity regarding the correlation with both SD and DTD. In winter, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) is negatively correlated with both the SD and DTD of the daily minimum temperature, but its intra‐seasonal variability exhibits good agreement with the SD of the Tmin. The Siberian High acts differently with respect to the SD and DTD of the Tmin, demonstrating a regionally consistent positive correlation with the SD. Overall, the large‐scale circulation can well explain the intra‐seasonal SD, but DTD fluctuations may be more local and impacted by local conditions, such as changes in the temperature itself, the land surface, and so on.
Ocean warming modulates the effects of acidification on Emiliania huxleyi calcification and sinking
Authors: Milner Sara , Langer Gerald , Grelaud Michaël , Ziveri Patrizia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOngoing ocean warming and acidification are tied to the rapid accumulation of human‐induced carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and subsequent uptake of heat and CO2 by the surface ocean. These processes are expected to drive large changes in marine ecosystems. While numerous studies have examined the effects of ocean acidification on coccolithophores, less is known on their combined effect. In this study, we investigate temperature modulation of the carbonate chemistry sensitivity of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (RCC1827 from the Western Mediterranean) in a culture experiment. We analyzed the responses of coccolith morphology, particulate inorganic and organic carbon production, and sinking rate of individual cells. E. huxleyi was exposed to three CO2 levels (ca. 400 μatm, 900 μatm, and 1400 μatm) at 15°C and 20°C. Temperature adds to the negative effect of increasing pCO2 on coccolith morphology, suggesting that a significant number of E. huxleyi strains might suffer from a temperature increase, hampering their evolutionary success. Temperature amplified the positive effect of increasing pCO2 on organic carbon production, while modulating the response of calcification rates, indicating that the response to increasing pCO2 must be taken with caution depending on the temperature range studied. Sinking rates were positively correlated with temperature, whereas pCO2 did not have any effect. The combined effect of carbonate chemistry and temperature on the E. huxleyi ratio between particulate inorganic carbon and particulate organic carbon (PIC/POC) might also lower the sinking rate of aggregates. In conclusion, in a warmer and more acidified ocean, individual coccolithophore cells might sink faster, while aggregates might sink slower.
Time reproduction deficits in essential tremor patients
Authors: Pedrosa David J. , Nelles Christian , Maier Franziska , Eggers Carsten , Burghaus Lothar , Fink Gereon R. , Wittmann Marc , Timmermann Lars 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough motor symptoms predominate in essential tremor, increasing evidence indicates additional cognitive deficits. According to the pivotal role of cognitive functioning for temporal information processing and acknowledging the relevance of temporal information processing for movement coordination, we investigated whether essential tremor patients exhibit time reproduction deficits.MethodsA total of 24 essential tremor patients and 24 healthy controls performed sub‐ and suprasecond visual duration reproduction tasks of 500 to 900 milliseconds and 1.6 to 2.4 seconds, respectively. To differentiate deficient time processing from motor or other cognitive dysfunctions, the average temporal reproduction errors were correlated with tremor severity, immediate and delayed word‐list recall performance, and verbal fluency.ResultsEssential tremor patients significantly underreproduced sub‐ and suprasecond time intervals longer than 800 milliseconds. Moreover, time compression correlated significantly with semantic verbal fluency and word‐list retrieval performance, but not with tremor severity.ConclusionData suggest impaired temporal processing in essential tremor, corroborating evidence for specific cognitive deficits. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Accelerated dynamic MRI using patch regularization for implicit motion compensation
Authors: Mohsin Yasir Q. , Lingala Sajan Goud , DiBella Edward , Jacob Mathews 
Published: April 2016

PurposeTo introduce a fast algorithm for motion‐compensated accelerated dynamic MRI.MethodsAn efficient patch smoothness regularization scheme, which implicitly compensates for inter‐frame motion, is introduced to recover dynamic MRI data from highly undersampled measurements. The regularization prior is a sum of distances between each rectangular patch in the dataset with other patches in the dataset using a saturating distance metric. Unlike current motion estimation and motion compensation (ME‐MC) methods, the proposed scheme does not require reference frames or complex motion models. The proposed algorithm, which alternates between inter‐patch shrinkage step and conjugate gradient algorithm, is considerably more computationally efficient than ME‐MC methods. The reconstructions obtained using the proposed algorithm is compared against state‐of‐the‐art methods.ResultsThe proposed method is observed to yield reconstructions with minimal spatiotemporal blurring and motion artifacts. In comparison to the existing state‐of‐the‐art ME‐MC methods, PRICE provides comparable or even better image quality with faster reconstruction times (approximately nine times faster).ConclusionThe presented scheme enables computationally efficient and effective motion‐compensated reconstruction in a variety of applications with large inter‐frame motion and contrast changes. This algorithm could be seen as an alternative over the current state‐of‐the‐art ME‐MC schemes that are computationally expensive. Magn Reson Med 77:1238–1248, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Hydrodistention of the bladder for the treatment of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC)
Authors: Hoke Tanya P. , Goldstein Howard , Saks Emily K. , Vakili Babak 
Published: April 2016

AimsThe purpose of this study is to determine whether a transvaginal trigonal block immediately preceding cystoscopy with hydrodistention yields an additional therapeutic benefit compared to cystoscopy with hydrodistention alone for the treatment of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC).MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed at a single‐center. Performance of a trigonal block prior to hydrodistention was at the discretion of the surgeon. A trigonal block consists of injecting 0.25% bupivacaine with 1.0% Xylocaine into the anterior vagina under the trigone under cystoscopic guidance. Procedures between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2013 were included. The primary outcome compared change in pain score from the baseline to 1‐month post‐operative.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐three patients underwent hydrodistention of the bladder. Seventy‐seven were excluded and of the 106 patients remaining, 48 received a trigonal block and 58 did not. Both groups had a significant improvement in pain scores (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in change in pain score from baseline between both groups (−2.9 vs. −2.6; P = 0.694). Distention time was dichotomized into 2 and >5 min based on surgeon preference. There was no difference in change in pain score from baseline between both groups (−3.0 vs. −2.2; P = 0.061).ConclusionsHydrodistention of the bladder decreased pain postoperatively regardless of trigonal block or time of distention. A randomized‐controlled trial is necessary to determine the benefits of duration of hydrodistention or performance of a block. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:784–786, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A simple and novel method to design flexible and transparent epoxy resin with tunable mechanical properties
Authors: Huang Jinrui , Nie Xiaoan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFlexible and transparent epoxy resin is fabricated by adding modified resin (MR) into diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The MR is prepared by the ring‐opening of the epoxy functional group of the DGEBA. The mechanical properties of the epoxy resin are tuned by adjusting the weight ratio of MR to DGEBA. When the MR content is 25 wt%, the elongation at break and the tensile strength of the epoxy resin can reach 69.1% and 27.0 MPa, respectively. Cured blends of DGEBA and MR are characterized using scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis to reveal the mechanism of improving the flexibility of the epoxy resin while maintaining excellent transparency. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Brief Report: Elastin Microfibril Interface 1 and Integrin-Linked Protein Kinase Are Novel Markers of Islet Regenerative Function in Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Lavoie Jessie R. , Creskey Marybeth M. , Muradia Gauri , Bell Gillian I. , Sherman Stephen E. , Gao Jun , Stewart Duncan J. , Cyr Terry D. , Hess David A. , Rosu-Myles Michael 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation is proposed as a novel therapy for treating diabetes by promoting the regeneration of damaged islets. The clinical promise of such treatments may be hampered by a high degree of donor-related variability in MSC function and a lack of standards for comparing potency. Here, we set out to identify markers of cultured human MSCs directly associated with islet regenerative function. Stromal cultures from nine separate bone marrow donors were demonstrated to have differing capacities to reduce hyperglycemia in the NOD/SCID streptozotocin-induced diabetic model. Regenerative (R) and non-regenerative (NR) MSC cultures were directly compared using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics. A total of 1,410 proteins were quantified resulting in the identification of 612 upregulated proteins and 275 downregulated proteins by ± 1.2-fold in R-MSC cultures. Elastin microfibril interface 1 (EMILIN-1), integrin-linked protein kinase (ILK), and hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) were differentially expressed in R-MSCs, and Ingenuity Pathway Analyses revealed each candidate as known regulators of integrin signaling. Western blot validation of EMILIN-1, ILK, and HDGF not only showed significantly higher abundance levels in R-MSCs, as compared with NR-MSCs, but also correlated with passage-induced loss of islet-regenerative potential. Generalized estimating equation modeling was applied to examine the association between each marker and blood glucose reduction. Both EMILIN-1 and ILK were significantly associated with blood glucose lowering function in vivo. Our study is the first to identify EMILIN-1 and ILK as prospective markers of islet regenerative function in human MSCs.
Pharmacological Modulation of Ischemic‐Reperfusion Injury during Pringle Maneuver in Hepatic Surgery. A Prospective Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Donadon Matteo , Molinari Andrea Forastieri , Corazzi Francesco , Rocchi Laura , Zito Paola , Cimino Matteo , Costa Guido , Raimondi Ferdinando , Torzilli Guido 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe Pringle maneuver, which is performed during liver surgery to reduce blood loss, may result in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury resulting in metabolic, immunological, and microvascular changes, which may lead to hepatocellular damage. The aim of this study was the investigation of the effects of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) and methylprednisolone (MET) in the modulation of liver warm ischemia during hepatic resection.MethodsForty‐eight patients were enrolled in a pilot double‐blind, randomized clinical trial. The patients received either NAC, MET, or placebo. The primary endpoint was the reduction in postoperative alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin. The secondary endpoint was the difference in morbidity and mortality.ResultsAll the 48 patients had liver resection with no mortality. Morbidity was observed in 8 (16 %) patients equally distributed among the groups. There was a significant favorable recovery of liver function tests in patients treated with NAC or MET compared with the placebo when the Pringle maneuver exceeded 70 min.ConclusionsThe administration of NAC or MET prior to the Pringle maneuver during hepatic resection is associated with lower postoperative aberration in liver function tests compared with placebo when the Pringle maneuver exceeded 70 min. Larger studies are required to validate our findings and to investigate the specific role of NAC and MET in liver surgery.
Response to Treatment is Highly Predictable in cN0 Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Gorshtein Alexander , Benbassat Carlos , Robenshtok Eyal , Shimon Ilan , Hirsch Dania 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundWhile involvement of macrometastatic lymph nodes is a recognized independent predictor of an adverse course in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients, the clinicopathological variables associated with disease persistence/recurrence in clinically node‐negative (cN0) disease are not well defined. The indications for prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) in this patient group remain unclear as well. We aim to investigate the risk factors associated with short‐ and long‐term persistence/recurrence of PTC in patients with cN0 disease at presentation compared to patients with PTC and cervical lymph node involvement (N1) and the response to initial treatment in these subgroups of patients.MethodsData were collected retrospectively for 392 consecutive patients with PTC, 223 with cN0 disease and 169 with N1 disease, who were treated and followed at a single tertiary medical center in which pCND is not routinely performed for PTC.ResultsCompared to patients with N1 disease, patients with cN0 disease had significantly smaller tumors, lower rates of multifocality, and less extrathyroidal extension. Persistency rates at 1 year were 6.7 % in the cN0 group and 47 % in the N1 group, and at last follow‐up, 3.6 and 33.5 %, respectively (p = 0.001 for both time points). Within the cN0 group, those with persistent disease at 1 year (n = 15) had significantly larger tumors and higher stimulated thyroglobulin. Only six had structural residual disease, four of them lymph node metastases. All patients with persistent disease were initially treated with total thyroidectomy and radioiodine. Recurrence occurred in only three patients. After 8.3 ± 3.8 years of follow‐up, eight patients with cN0 had persistent disease, three of them biochemical. Higher American Joint Committee of Cancer stage and extrathyroidal extension were the only factors that predicted disease persistence at the last follow‐up in this group.ConclusionsPatients with cN0 PTC and no distant metastases are usually disease free after thyroidectomy with/without radioactive iodine and do not need further interventions. The initial staging in these patients is a valid prognostic factor for disease outcomes.
Stagnation and mass loss on a Himalayan debris-covered glacier: processes, patterns and rates
Authors: THOMPSON SARAH , BENN DOUGLAS I. , MERTES JORDAN , LUCKMAN ADRIAN 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe ablation areas of debris-covered glaciers typically consist of a complex mosaic of surface features with contrasting processes and rates of mass loss. This greatly complicates glacier response to climate change, and increases the uncertainty of predictive models. In this paper we present a series of high-resolution DEMs and repeat lake bathymetric surveys on Ngozumpa Glacier, Nepal, to study processes and patterns of mass loss on a Himalayan debris-covered glacier in unprecedented detail. Most mass loss occurs by melt below supraglacial debris, and melt and calving of ice cliffs (backwasting). Although ice cliffs cover only ~5% of the area of the lower tongue, they account for 40% of the ablation. The surface debris layer is subject to frequent re-distribution by slope processes, resulting in large spatial and temporal differences in debris-layer thickness, enhancing or inhibiting local ablation rates and encouraging continuous topographic inversion. A moraine-dammed lake on the lower glacier tongue (Spillway Lake) underwent a period of rapid expansion from 2001 to 2009, but later experienced a reduction of area and volume as a result of lake level lowering and sediment redistribution. Rapid lake growth will likely resume in the near future, and may eventually become up to 7 km long.