bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioprospecting on invasive plant species to prevent seed dispersal
Authors: Guzzetti Lorenzo , Galimberti Andrea , Bruni Ilaria , Magoni Chiara , Ferri Maura , Tassoni Annalisa , Sangiovanni Enrico , Dell’Agli Mario , Labra Massimo 
Published: October 2017

AbsractThe most anthropized regions of the world are characterized by an impressive abundance of invasive plants, which alter local biodiversity and ecosystem services. An alternative strategy to manage these species could be based on the exploitation of their fruits in a framework of bioprospecting to obtain high-added value compounds or phytocomplexes that are useful for humans. Here we tested this hypothesis on three invasive plants (Lonicera japonicaThunb.,Phytolacca americanaL., andPrunus serotinaEhrh.) in the Po plain (northern Italy) which bear fruits that are highly consumed by frugivorous birds and therefore dispersed over large distances. Our biochemical analyses revealed that unripe fruit shows high antioxidant properties due to the presence of several classes of polyphenols, which have a high benchmark value on the market. Fruit collection for phytochemical extraction could really prevent seed dispersal mediated by frugivorous animals and produce economic gains to support local management actions.
Desulfation of Heparan Sulfate by Sulf1 and Sulf2 Is Required for Corticospinal Tract Formation
Authors: Okada Takuya , Keino-Masu Kazuko , Nagamine Satoshi , Kametani Fuyuki , Ohto Tatsuyuki , Hasegawa Masato , van Kuppevelt Toin H. , Kunita Satoshi , Takahashi Satoru , Masu Masayuki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHeparan sulfate (HS) has been implicated in a wide range of cell signaling. Here we report a novel mechanism in which extracellular removal of 6-O-sulfate groups from HS by the endosulfatases, Sulf1 and Sulf2, is essential for axon guidance during development. In Sulf1/2 double knockout (DKO) mice, the corticospinal tract (CST) was dorsally displaced on the midbrain surface. In utero electroporation of Sulf1/2 into radial glial cells along the third ventricle, where Sulf1/2 mRNAs are normally expressed, rescued the CST defects in the DKO mice. Proteomic analysis and functional testing identified Slit2 as the key molecule associated with the DKO phenotype. In the DKO brain, 6-O-sulfated HS was increased, leading to abnormal accumulation of Slit2 protein on the pial surface of the cerebral peduncle and hypothalamus, which caused dorsal repulsion of CST axons. Our findings indicate that postbiosynthetic desulfation of HS by Sulfs controls CST axon guidance through fine-tuning of Slit2 presentation.
Nacre-mimic Reinforced Ag@reduced Graphene Oxide-Sodium Alginate Composite Film for Wound Healing
Authors: Yan Xu , Li Fei , Hu Kang-Di , Xue Jingzhe , Pan Xiao-Feng , He Tao , Dong Liang , Wang Xiang-Ying , Wu Ya-Dong , Song Yong-Hong , Xu Wei-Ping , Lu Yang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWith the emerging of drug-resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens, there raise the interest of utilizing versatile antimicrobial biomaterials to treat the acute wound. Herein, we report the spraying mediated assembly of a bio-inspired Ag@reduced graphene-sodium alginate (AGSA) composite film for effective wound healing. The obtained film displayed lamellar microstructures similar to the typical “brick-and-mortar” structure in nacre. In this nacre-mimic structure, there are abundant interfacial interactions between nanosheets and polymeric matrix, leading to remarkable reinforcement. As a result, the tensile strength, toughness and Young’s modulus have been improved 2.8, 2.3 and 2.7 times compared with pure sodium alginate film, respectively. In the wound healing study, the AGSA film showed effective antimicrobial activities towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, demonstrating the ability of protecting wound from pathogenic microbial infections. Furthermore, in vivo experiments on rats suggested the effect of AGSA film in promoting the recovery of wound sites. According to MTT assays, heamolysis evaluation and in vivo toxicity assessment, the composite film could be applied as a bio-compatible material in vitro and in vivo. Results from this work indicated such AGSA film has promising performance for wound healing and suggested great potential for nacre-mimic biomaterials in tissue engineering applications.
Functional expression and pharmaceutical efficacy of cardiac-specific ion channels in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Kim Han Sol , Yoon Jung Won , Li Hongliang , Jeong Geun Ok , Park Jin Ju , Shin Sung Eun , Jang Il Ho , Kim Jae Ho , Park Won Sun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCardiomyocytes differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells provide promising tools for screening of cardiotoxic drugs. For evaluation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for cardiotoxicity test, in the present study, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were differentiated to cardiomyocytes, followed by metabolic selection to enrich the differentiated cardiomyocytes. The highly purified hESC-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) expressed several cardiomyocyte-specific markers including cTnT, MLC2a, and α-SA, but not pluripotency markers, such as OCT4 and NANOG. Patch clamp technique and RT-PCR revealed the expression of cardiomyocyte-specific Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels and cardiac action potential in hESC-CMs. To explore the potential use of hESC-CMs as functional cardiomyocytes for drug discovery and cardiotoxicity screening, we examined the effects of bisindolylmaleimide (BIM) (I), which inhibits native cardiac Ca2+ channels, on the Ca2+ channel activity of hESC-CMs. We observed a similar response for the BIM (I)-induced modulation of Ca2+ channels between hESC-CMs and native cardiomyocytes through L-type Ca2+ channel current. These results suggest that hESC-CMs can be useful for evaluation of pharmaceutical efficacy and safety of novel drug candidate in cardiac research.
No evidence of a cleaning mutualism between burying beetles and their phoretic mites
Authors: Duarte Ana , Cotter Sheena C. , De Gasperin Ornela , Houslay Thomas M. , Boncoraglio Giuseppe , Welch Martin , Kilner Rebecca M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBurying beetles (Nicrophorus vespilloides) breed on small vertebrate carcasses, which they shave and smear with antimicrobial exudates. Producing antimicrobials imposes a fitness cost on burying beetles, which rises with the potency of the antimicrobial defence. Burying beetles also carry phoretic mites (Poecilochirus carabi complex), which breed alongside them on the carcass. Here we test the novel hypothesis that P. carabi mites assist burying beetles in clearing the carcass of bacteria as a side-effect of grazing on the carrion. We manipulated the bacterial environment on carcasses and measured the effect on the beetle in the presence and absence of mites. With next-generation sequencing, we investigated how mites influence the bacterial communities on the carcass. We show that mites: 1) cause beetles to reduce the antibacterial activity of their exudates but 2) there are no consistent fitness benefits of breeding alongside mites. We also find that mites increase bacterial diversity and richness on the carcass, but do not reduce bacterial abundance. The current evidence does not support a cleaning mutualism between burying beetles and P. carabi mites, but more work is needed to understand the functional significance and fitness consequences for the beetle of mite-associated changes to the bacterial community on the carcass.
Correlating Fluorescence and High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM) for the study of GABAA receptor clustering induced by inhibitory synaptic plasticity
Authors: Orlando Marta , Ravasenga Tiziana , Petrini Enrica Maria , Falqui Andrea , Marotta Roberto , Barberis Andrea 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBoth excitatory and inhibitory synaptic contacts display activity dependent dynamic changes in their efficacy that are globally termed synaptic plasticity. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying glutamatergic synaptic plasticity have been extensively investigated and described, those responsible for inhibitory synaptic plasticity are only beginning to be unveiled. In this framework, the ultrastructural changes of the inhibitory synapses during plasticity have been poorly investigated. Here we combined confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) with high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) to characterize the fine structural rearrangements of post-synaptic GABAA Receptors (GABAARs) at the nanometric scale during the induction of inhibitory long-term potentiation (iLTP). Additional electron tomography (ET) experiments on immunolabelled hippocampal neurons allowed the visualization of synaptic contacts and confirmed the reorganization of post-synaptic GABAAR clusters in response to chemical iLTP inducing protocol. Altogether, these approaches revealed that, following the induction of inhibitory synaptic potentiation, GABAAR clusters increase in size and number at the post-synaptic membrane with no other major structural changes of the pre- and post-synaptic elements.
Integrated analysis of mRNA and viral miRNAs in the kidney of Carassius auratus gibelio response to cyprinid herpesvirus 2
Authors: Lu Jianfei , Xu Dan , Jiang Yousheng , Kong Shanyun , Shen Zhaoyuan , Xia Siyao , Lu Liqun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding single stranded RNAs that play crucial roles in numerous biological processes. Vertebrate herpesviruses encode multiple viral miRNAs that modulate host and viral genes. However, the roles of viral miRNAs in lower vertebrates have not been fully determined. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing to analyse the miRNA and mRNA expression profiles of Carassius auratus gibelio in response to infection by cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2). RNA sequencing obtained 26,664 assembled transcripts, including 2,912 differentially expressed genes. Based on small RNA sequencing and secondary structure predictions, we identified 17 CyHV-2 encoded miRNAs, among which 14 were validated by stem-loop quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and eight were validated by northern blotting. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of miRNAs-mRNA pairs revealed diverse affected immune signalling pathways, including the RIG-I-like receptor and JAK-STAT pathways. Finally, we presented four genes involved in RIG-I-like pathways, including host gene IRF3, RBMX, PIN1, viral gene ORF4, which are negatively regulated by CyHV-2 encoded miRNA miR-C4. The present study is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of viral miRNA-mRNA co-regulation, which might have a key role in controlling post-transcriptomic regulation during CyHV-2 infection.
Comparison of four automated microbiology systems with 16S rRNA gene sequencing for identification of Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia species
Authors: Lin Jiun-Nong , Lai Chung-Hsu , Yang Chih-Hui , Huang Yi-Han , Lin Hsiu-Fang , Lin Hsi-Hsun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia species have recently emerged as causative agents in life-threatening infections in humans. We aimed to evaluate the rates at which four common microbial identification systems identify Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia species in clinical microbiology laboratories. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a total of 114 consecutive bacteremic isolates, including 36 (31.6%) C. indologenes, 35 (30.7%) E. anophelis, 22 (19.3%) C. gleum, 13 (11.4%) E. meningoseptica, and other species, were included in this study. The overall concordance between each method and 16S rRNA gene sequencing when identifying Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia species was 42.1% for API/ID32, 41.2% for Phoenix 100 ID/AST, 43.9% for VITEK 2, and 42.1% for VITEK MS. Among the 22 C. gleum isolates, only one (4.8%) was correctly identified using VITEK 2 and Phoenix 100 ID/AST, and none were accurately recognized using API/ID32 or VITEK MS. Except for two isolates that were not identified using API/ID32, all E. anophelis isolates were misidentified by all four identification systems as E. meningoseptica. Our results show that these approaches have low accuracy when identifying Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia species. Hence, we recommend amending the discrimination rate of and adding non-claimed pathogens to databases of microbial identification systems.
Improved electrical and thermo-mechanical properties of a MWCNT/In–Sn–Bi composite solder reflowing on a flexible PET substrate
Authors: Kim Sang Hoon , Park Min-soo , Choi Joon-Phil , Aranas Clodualdo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMulti-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/indium–tin–bismuth (In–Sn–Bi) composite nanostructures in which In–Sn–Bi nanoparticles have been penetrated by the MWCNT arrays were synthesized using a chemical reduction method. The incorporation of 0.6 wt% MWCNTs with high electrical conductivity into the In-based solder resulted in low minimum electrical resistivity (19.9 ± 1.0 µΩ·cm). Despite being reflowed at the relatively low temperature of 110 °C, the composite solder nanostructures were able to form mechanically stable solder bumps on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate due to the MWCNT arrays with a high thermal conductivity of 3000 W/(m·K) and In–Sn–Bi nanoparticles with a low melting temperature of 98.2 °C. Notably, the composite solder bumps exhibited high flexibility (17.7% resistance increase over 1000 cycles of operation in a bending test) and strong adhesion strength (0.9 N average shear strength in a scratch test) on the plastic substrate because of the presence of mechanically flexible and strong MWCNTs dispersed within the solder matrix materials. These overall properties are due to the improved diffusivity of the composite solder nanostructures by the cover of the In–Sn–Bi nanoparticles along the MWCNT arrays and the network structure formation of the composite solder bumps.
Ethanol Induces Enhanced Vascularization Bioactivity of Endothelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles via Regulation of MicroRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs
Authors: Lamichhane Tek N. , Leung Christopher A. , Douti Lampouguin Yenkoidiok , Jay Steven M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, have been identified as regulators of vascular remodeling and have promise as therapeutics for vascularization applications. Towards development of EVs as therapeutics, it has been demonstrated that physiological stimuli of angiogenic phenotypes in EV-producing cells can enhance the potency of EVs for vascularization. The goal of this study was to assess whether ethanol, which induces angiogenic phenotypes in endothelial cells, could be employed to enhance endothelial-derived EV vascularization bioactivity. The results indicate that ethanol conditioning of endothelial cells increases the ability of endothelial EVs to induce a pro-vascularization response. This response is due in part to increased CD34 expression in recipient endothelial cells that may result from downregulation of microRNA-106b in EVs isolated from ethanol-conditioned producer endothelial cells. Further, ethanol-induced upregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) HOTAIR and MALAT1 in endothelial EVs was observed to play a significant role in mediating pro-angiogenic effects of these vesicles. Overall, these studies validate ethanol conditioning as a method to enhance the bioactivity of endothelial EVs via regulation of EV-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) and, especially, lncRNAs. Further, the results suggest that alcohol consumption may activate endothelial EVs towards a pro-vascularization phenotype, which could have implications for alcohol-induced tumor angiogenesis.
The super edge connectivity of Kronecker product graphs
Authors: Boruzanli Ekinci Gülnaz , Kirlangic Alpay 
Published: October 2017

Let G1 and G2 be two graphs. The Kronecker product G1 × G2 has vertex set V (G1 × G2) = V (G1) × V (G2) and edge set E(G1 × G2) = {(u1, v1)(u2, v2) : u1u2 ∈ E(G1) and v1v2 ∈ E(G2)}. In this paper we determine the super edge–connectivity of G × Kn for n ≥ 3. More precisely, for n ≥ 3, if λ′(G) denotes the super edge–connectivity of G, then at least min{n(n-1)λ′(G), minxy∈E(G){degG(x)+degG(y)}(n-1)-2} edges need to be removed from G × Kn to get a disconnected graph that contains no isolated vertices.
Cirugía de la mano reumática: nuevas expectativas para una vieja conocida
Authors: Montaner-Alonso D. , Novoa-Parra C. , Pérez-Correa J. 
Published: October 2017

ResumenEs importante que todos los especialistas que tratan a pacientes afectados de artritis reumatoide (AR), conozcan las distintas opciones terapéuticas disponibles, tanto médicas como quirúrgicas, y su manejo en las distintas fases del tratamiento. Nuestro objetivo es actualizar lo que como cirujanos debemos saber sobre el tratamiento médico de la enfermedad, cómo manejar los fármacos durante la programación de la cirugía y cuál es la evidencia sobre las distintas opciones quirúrgicas que podemos barajar ante diversas situaciones originadas por un aparente mismo patrón: la sinovitis.
Cholangiocarcinoma Seeding along a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Catheter: A Rare Initial Manifestation
Authors: Morais Barbara , Iglesio Ricardo , Petitto Carlo , Pinto Fernando , Teixeira Manoel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma accounts for less than 2% of all malignant neoplasms. Its cutaneous metastases are extremely rare, accounting for 0.0002% of all cases. The ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt has been considered a potential route for tumor dissemination. This type of tumor proliferation has been well documented in patients with intra-abdominal metastases secondary to brain tumors and, less frequently, brain metastases secondary to intra-abdominal tumors. In spite of that, there are few reports of cutaneous metastases along the VP shunt catheter trajectory.We present the case of a cholangiocarcinoma cutaneous metastasis at the VP shunt trajectory as the first clinical sign of this type of tumor. The patient had undergone the shunt insertion 4 years earlier due to a hydrocephaly secondary to a subarachnoid hemorrhage. After diagnosis, she was referred to chemotherapy and oncology follow-up.In the literature, 30 cases of cutaneous metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma were reported. Dissemination has been described involving percutaneous biliary drainage and distant sites. However, the case presented in this study alerts us about the possibility of cutaneous metastasis of intra-abdominal tumors in the trajectory of VP shunt catheters.
Choosing wisely? Multiple Sklerose und laborchemische Suche nach autoimmunen Differenzialdiagnosen – Sind die Leitlinien-Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie dazu sinnvoll?
Authors: Becker Jana , Geffken Mareike , Diehl Rolf , Berlit Peter , Krämer Markus 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Einführung Eine Vielzahl von Erkrankungen können das Bild einer Multiplen Sklerose (MS) imitieren. Bei der Erstdiagnose der MS wird der Ausschluss von Differenzialdiagnosen gefordert. Die Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie empfehlen die Analyse von 13 obligaten und 9 fakultativen Laborparametern. Zu den obligaten Empfehlungen gehören die Bestimmung der antinukleären Antikörper (ANA) und der Antikörper gegen Doppelstrang-DNS (ds-DNA-AK).
Methodik In der Kohorte einer MS-Ambulanz wurden diejenigen Datensätze ausgewertet, bei denen zumindest teilweise die empfohlenen Laborparameter analysiert wurden. Daneben wurden MRT-Daten, Familienanamnese, klinische Präsentation, evozierte Potenziale und Liquorbefunde erfasst. Prospektiv wurde ein Fragebogen zu differenzialdiagnostisch relevanten rheumatologischen Symptomen eingesetzt.
Ergebnisse Von 554 Patienten, die sich mit Verdacht auf MS in einer MS-Ambulanz vorstellten, waren bei 197 Patienten zumindest teilweise die differenzialdiagnostisch geforderten Laborparameter analysiert worden. Bei 124 Patienten konnte eine MS bestätigt werden. Bei 117 Patienten (59 %) des Gesamtkollektivs mit 197 Patienten waren die ANA mit mindestens einem Titer von 1:80 auffällig. Von den 124 MS-Patienten hatten 68 (55 %) einen positiven ANA-Titer von mindestens 1:80. Weder ANA noch ANCA oder ds-DNA-AK konnten zwischen MS und Nicht-MS unterscheiden. MS-Patienten mit einem positiven ANA-Titer von 1:80 litten häufiger an Autoimmunerkrankungen und hatten eine positive Familienanamnese für MS. Von den 73 Patienten ohne MS waren 49 (67 %) ANA-positiv. In dieser Patientengruppe waren die ANA-positiven Patienten häufiger psychiatrisch erkrankt. Bei den befragten Patienten mit einem ANA-Titer > 1:160 war innerhalb von durchschnittlich 1,9 Jahren keine rheumatologische Erkrankung diagnostiziert worden.
Zusammenfassung In Anlehnung an die amerikanischen „choosing wisely“-Empfehlungen für rheumatologische Erkrankungen erscheint ein obligates breites Laborscreening bei der Erstdiagnose der Multiplen Sklerose ohne konkrete differenzialdiagnostische Verdachtsdiagnose nicht sinnvoll.
Vorhofflimmern: Diagnostik und was ein Neurologe darüber wissen sollte.
Authors: Rizos Timolaos , Rasch Christina , Horstmann Solveig 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungVorhofflimmern (VHF) ist ein wichtiger Risikofaktor für Schlaganfälle. Eine orale Antikoagulation kann das Auftreten von Schlaganfällen hocheffektiv verhindern, daher ist die Detektion von VHF besonders wichtig. Insbesondere paroxysmales VHF entgeht den üblichen diagnostischen Methoden häufig. Ein „Goldstandard“ zur VHF Detektion ist nach wie vor nicht etabliert. Grundsätzlich gilt: Je länger die EKG-Ableitung desto höher die zu erreichende Detektionsrate. Neben direkten Nachweisverfahren, existieren indirekte Verfahren wie die Analyse der Herzratenvariabilität und Modelle zur Vorhersage von VHF und zur Selektion von Patienten für erweiterte Detektionsmethoden. Diese sind allerdings bislang noch unzureichend untersucht und werden im Alltag kaum eingesetzt. Konnte VHF nach einem Schlaganfall bzw. einer TIA nachgewiesen werden, besteht eine Indikation für eine orale Antikoagulation. Im Falle positiver Studienergebnisse könnte das Indikationsspektrum einer oralen Antikoagulation in Zukunft auf Patienten mit „embolic stroke of undetermined source“ (ESUS) erweitert werden. Eine mögliche Alternative zur medikamentösen Schlaganfallprävention bei VHF stellt der interventionelle Vorhofohrverschluss dar.
Komplikationsmanagement am oberen GI-Trakt – der Wandel vom Stent zur endoskopischen Vakuumtherapie
Authors: Vowinkel Thorsten , Laukötter Mike , Senninger Norbert , Mennigen Rudolf 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDas adäquate Komplikationsmanagement am oberen Gastrointestinal (GI)-trakt ist für Patienten mit spontanen oder iatrogenen Perforationen der Speiseröhre oder postoperativ nach Ösophagusresektionen entscheidend für ihr Überleben. Neben den beiden extremen Therapieformen, wie der konservativen Therapie auf der einen Seite und einer operativen, zumeist resezierenden Therapie, auf der anderen Seite, haben sich in den letzten Jahren zunehmend minimalinvasive endoskopische Therapiemöglichkeiten etabliert. Lange Zeit galt die Implantation eines selbstexpandierenden Ösophagusstents als Goldstandard im endoskopischen Komplikationsmanagement am oberen GI-Trakt. Daneben hat sich die endoskopische Vakuumtherapie (EVT) durch überzeugende Heilungsraten sowie geringe Komplikationen in vielen Kliniken zunehmend fest etabliert und wird im Komplikationsmanagement am oberen GI-Trakt mittlerweile immer öfter als Therapie der ersten Wahl mit sehr gutem Erfolg eingesetzt. Der Vorteil der EVT gegenüber der Stenttherapie liegt in der Förderung der Wundheilung durch den negativen Sog, den Abtransport von Sekreten und der damit verbesserten Sepsiskontrolle.