bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of outcomes in Crohn's disease: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials to inform a multiple outcome framework
Authors: Moreira Paula Leão , Dignass Axel , Estevinho Maria Manuela , Portal Francisco , Mendes João , Santiago Mafalda , Reinisch Walter , Sands Bruce E. , D’Haens Geert , Mantzaris Gerassimos J. , Danese Silvio , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Jairath Vipul , Dotan Iris , Magro Fernando ,   International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IOIBD)
Published: October 2024

AbstractLongstanding disease control in Crohn's disease (CD) is challenging and requires understanding treatment efficacy and outcomes assessment. With multiple novel therapeutic options, rigorous evaluation of outcomes in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is crucial to inform clinical practice. This study systematically reviewed RCTs focusing on CD outcomes to elucidate the breadth and depth of reported outcomes and measurement instruments. A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE and Scopus for RCTs published from 1 January 2000 to 31 January 2023. Eligible studies included full‐text articles with at least 50 adult CD patients. Primary and secondary outcomes, along with their measurement instruments, were categorized according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Filter 2.1 framework. From 88 included studies, 393 outcomes were analyzed. Clinical outcomes, such as clinical remission and response, were the most prevalent (50.6%); biomarkers (11.5%) and patient‐reported outcomes (10.2%) were also assessed. Other outcomes included disease behavior and complications (2%), endoscopy (10.4%), histology (0.5%), radiology (1.3%), healthcare utilization (3.8%), and therapy‐related safety (6.9%). Composite outcomes showed an increasing trend, reflecting a shift toward comprehensive evaluations. Coprimary endpoints, including clinical symptoms and mucosal inflammation, were reported in 21 of 88 studies. This review highlights the evolving landscape of outcome assessment in CD RCTs, emphasizing the increasing complexity of outcomes. The prominence of composite outcomes underscores efforts to capture the multidimensional nature of CD. These findings will inform the second stage of a two‐round e‐Delphi aimed at prioritizing key domains and outcomes for developing a multiple‐component outcome for RCTs in CD research.
Australian males and females have similar rates of presentation for symptomatic and advanced thyroid cancer: Retrospective analysis of the Australian New Zealand Thyroid Cancer Registry
Authors: Tong Chai Wei , Bhimani Nazim , Nickel Brooke , Serpell Jonathan , Glover Anthony 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionThyroid cancer is more commonly diagnosed in females, however recent research has challenged whether this finding is due to a true difference in biology or rates of diagnosis, with concerns that over‐diagnosis may be a factor in differences. The rates of symptomatic versus incidental diagnosis by males and females is not well known. This study used the Australian and New Zealand Thyroid Cancer Registry (ANZTCR) to explore whether symptomatic presentation varies between sexes.Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis on ANZTCR data between 2017 and 2022 was performed. Symptomatic cases were those with thyroid compressing symptoms, toxic goiter, Graves' disease, or abnormal laryngoscopy. Cases with asymptomatic goiter or surgeries for a thyroid nodule were classified as incidental.ResultsAmong 1082 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, 32% of males and 38% of females presented with symptomatic thyroid disease (p = 0.06). A similar rate of presentation of advanced thyroid cancer (T3/4) was seen with male and female patients (n = 70, 47% vs. n = 79, 53%). Females exhibited a higher prevalence of low‐risk relapse cancers according to American Thyroid Association stratification (66.3% vs. 50.4%), whereas males exhibited a higher prevalence of high‐risk relapse cancers compared to females (27.3% vs. 15.3%, p < 0.001). Regression showed symptoms were associated with more advanced T stage (OR = 1.62, p = 0.02).DiscussionSymptomatic presentation was similar between males and females, but symptomatic presentation was associated with larger cancers.ConclusionThis study highlights comparable rates of symptomatic detection between males and females with DTCs and symptomatic presentations were responsible for less than 40% of presentations.
Measurable Krylov spaces and eigenenergy count in quantum state dynamics
Authors: Čindrak Saud , Paschke Adrian , Jaurigue Lina , Lüdge Kathy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, we propose a quantum-mechanically measurable basis for the computation of spread complexity. Current literature focuses on computing different powers of the Hamiltonian to construct a basis for the Krylov state space and the computation of the spread complexity. We show, through a series of proofs, that time-evolved states with different evolution times can be used to construct an equivalent space to the Krylov state space used in the computation of the spread complexity. Afterwards, we introduce the effective dimension, which is upper-bounded by the number of pairwise distinct eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian. The computation of the spread complexity requires knowledge of the Hamiltonian and a classical computation of the different powers of the Hamiltonian. The computation of large powers of the Hamiltonian becomes increasingly difficult for large systems. The first part of our work addresses these issues by defining an equivalent space, where the original basis consists of quantum-mechanically measurable states. We demonstrate that a set of different time-evolved states can be used to construct a basis. We subsequently verify the results through numerical analysis, demonstrating that every time-evolved state can be reconstructed using the defined vector space. Based on this new space, we define an upper-bounded effective dimension and analyze its influence on finite-dimensional systems. We further show that the Krylov space dimension is equal to the number of pairwise distinct eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian, enabling a method to determine the number of eigenenergies the system has experimentally. Lastly, we compute the spread complexities of both basis representations and observe almost identical behavior, thus enabling the computation of spread complexities through measurements.
Warped CFT duals of the Plebański-Demiański family of solutions
Authors: Jiang Xuhao , Xu Jianfei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the symmetry properties of the complete family of type D spacetimes generalized form the Plebański-Demiański solution in four dimensions holographically in terms of a warped CFT. The generalized Plebański-Demiański solutions are black hole-like spacetimes characterized by seven physical parameters. Most of the black holes in four dimensions are included within this family. Generically consider a solution with horizon in this family, we figure out the possible warped conformal symmetry attached to the horizon. The horizon can be either extremal or non-extremal. In the extremal case, the near horizon region can be mapped to an infinite spacetime with geometry given by a warped and twist product of AdS2 and S2. The new boundary conditions for AdS2 as well as their higher dimensional uplifts are applied here to manifest the asymptotic symmetry as the warped conformal symmetry. In the non-extremal case, the global warped conformal symmetry is singled out by analyzing the scalar wave equation with constant frequency. The local warped conformal symmetries are represented by the charge algebra associated to the vector fields which preserve the scalar wave equation as well as its frequency. In defining the variation of the covariant charges, a proper counterterm is introduced for consistency conditions which is supposed to be suitable for all the solutions within the family. As a consistency check, the horizon entropy is reproduced by the entropy formula of the warped CFT by using its modular covariance and the central terms derived in the bulk spacetimes.
Interplay between vector-like lepton and seesaw mechanism: oblique corrections
Authors: Han Shuyang , Kang Zhaofeng , Zhu Jiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The non-vanishing neutrino mass strongly hints the existence of right-handed neutrinos (RHNs), singlets of the standard model (SM). However, they are highly decoupled from the SM and difficult to probe. In this work, we consider the Majorana RHNs from the type-I seesaw mechanism may well mix with the heavy neutral lepton dwelling in certain vector-like lepton (VLL), thus acquiring a sizable electroweak charge. Such a simple scenario yields many interesting consequences, and the imprint on oblique corrections, well expected from the mass splitting between components of VLL by virtue of VLL-RHN mixing, is our focus here. We analytically calculate the Peskin-Takeuchi parameters S, T and U with full details, carefully treating the Majorana loop to obtain the self consistent expressions free of divergence. Then, we constrain on the VLL-RHN system which only gives a sizable T parameter using the PDG-2021 data and CDF-II data, separately, by imposing T ≲ $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(0.1). It is found that for the RHN and VLL below the TeV scale, with a properly large mixing, stands in the frontier of the electroweak precision test such as W-boson mass.
Searching accretion-enhanced dark matter annihilation signals in the Galactic Centre
Authors: Yang Meiwen , Guo Zhi-Qi , Luo Xiao-Yi , Shen Zhao-Qiang , Xia Zi-Qing , Lu Chih-Ting , Tsai Yue-Lin Sming , Fan Yi-Zhong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study reanalyzes the detection prospects of dark matter (DM) annihilation signals in the Galactic Center, focusing on velocity-dependent dynamics within a spike density near the supermassive black hole (Sgr A⋆). We investigate three annihilation processes — p-wave, resonance, and forbidden annihilation — under semi-relativistic velocities, leveraging gamma-ray data from Fermi and DAMPE telescopes. Our analysis integrates a fermionic DM model with an electroweak axion-like particle (ALP) portal, exploring annihilation into two or four photons. Employing a comprehensive six-dimensional integration, we precisely calculate DM-induced gamma-ray fluxes near Sgr A⋆, incorporating velocity and positional dependencies in the annihilation cross-section and photon yield spectra. Our findings highlight scenarios of resonance and forbidden annihilation, where the larger ALP-DM-DM coupling constant Caχχ can affect spike density, potentially yielding detectable gamma-ray line spectra within Fermi and DAMPE energy resolution. We set upper limits for Caχχ across these scenarios, offering insights into the detectability and spectral characteristics of DM annihilation signals from the Galactic Center.
Fully stabilized Minkowski vacua in the 26 Landau-Ginzburg model
Authors: Rajaguru Muthusamy , Sengupta Anindya , Wrase Timm 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study moduli stabilization via fluxes in the 26 Landau-Ginzburg model. Fluxes not only give masses to scalar fields but can also induce higher order couplings that stabilize massless fields. We investigate this for several different flux choices in the 26 model and find two examples that are inconsistent with the Refined Tadpole Conjecture. We also present, to our knowledge, the first 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Minkowski solution in string theory without any flat direction.
Majorana phases beyond neutrinoless double beta decay
Authors: Dery Avital , Gori Stefania , Grossman Yuval , Ligeti Zoltan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The νM SM is defined as the SM extended to include dimension-5 operators. In this model neutrino masses violate lepton number, and two parameters of the lepton mixing matrix, the Majorana phases, are yet to be constrained. One combination of these phases and the neutrino masses, often denoted by mee, is probed by neutrinoless double beta decays (0νββ). We explore what information may be obtained beyond 0νββ, and how it depends on the lightest neutrino mass. We point out that with current central values of the mixing parameters, ∆Le = 2 and ∆Le = ∆Lμ = 1 (or ∆Le = 2 and ∆Lμ = 2) processes cannot simultaneously vanish, providing a no-lose theorem, in principle, for excluding the νM SM, even in the case of normal mass ordering.
On soft factors and transmutation operators
Authors: Wei Fang-Stars , Zhou Kang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The well known soft theorems state the specific factorizations of tree level gravitational (GR) amplitudes at leading, sub-leading and sub-sub-leading orders, with universal soft factors. For Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes, similar factorizations and universal soft factors are found at leading and sub-leading orders. Then it is natural to ask if the similar factorizations and soft factors exist at higher orders. In this note, by using transformation operators proposed by Cheung, Shen and Wen, we reconstruct the known soft factors of YM and GR amplitudes, and prove the nonexistence of higher order soft factor of YM or GR amplitude which satisfies the universality.
Tracheotomie
Authors: Oppert Michael , Jungehülsing Markus , Nibbe Lutz 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Tracheotomie wird bereits seit langer Zeit außerhalb der Intensivmedizin durchgeführt. In der modernen Medizin hat sie einen festen Platz in der Therapie von Intensiv- und Notfallpatienten, aber auch in der Tumorchirurgie des Kopfs und des Halses, der Versorgung langzeitbeatmeter Patienten, bei Patienten mit Schluckstörungen und neurologischen Erkrankungen. Entsprechend den unterschiedlichen Erkrankungen sind Indikation, Durchführungstechnik und Versorgung mit Kanülen sowie die Langzeitbetreuung sehr unterschiedlich; dieser Artikel bietet eine Übersicht über die unterschiedlichen Indikationen und Operationstechniken und diskutiert den optimalen Zeitpunkt einer Tracheotomie in der modernen Intensivmedizin.
Democratization and generative AI image creation: aesthetics, citizenship, and practices
Authors: Bak Herrie Maja , Maleve Nicolas René , Philipsen Lotte , Staunæs Asker Bryld 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe article critically analyzes how contemporary image practices involving generative artificial intelligence are entangled with processes of democratization. We demonstrate and discuss how generative artificial intelligence images raise questions of democratization and citizenship in terms of access, skills, validation, truths, and diversity. First, the article establishes a theoretical framework, which includes theory on democratization and aesthetics and lays the foundations for the analytical concepts of ‘formative’ and ‘generative’ visual citizenship. Next, we argue for the use of explorative and collaborative methods to investigate contemporary image practice, before analyzing the central part of our investigation, which takes the form of four collaborative workshops conducted in 2023 with external partners in different domains (the art scene, art therapy, education, and the news media). After analyzing insights from these workshops, the article significantly nuances how visual citizenship is at work in different manners depending on the different concrete image practices using generative artificial intelligence. Finally, we conclude that an aesthetic perspective offers valuable insights into foundational aspects of belonging to contemporary visual communities.
Continuous wave laser ablation for tailored titanium nanoparticle synthesis: temperature and liquid medium effects
Authors: Ali Mubasher , Su Zhou , Tan Yuanfu , Lin Feng , Liao Wei-Hsin , Wong Hay 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe reported for the first time the generation of titanium (Ti) nanoparticles (NPs) in different liquids (deionized (DI) water and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution) and at a range of temperatures (5 °C, 28 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C) using continuous-wave high-power laser ablation in liquid (CWLAL). The CWLAL technique is a convenient and cost-effective way to generate NPs. The key outcomes of our investigation are the effects of temperature and the liquid mediums on the average size, generation rate, shape, surface charges, and crystallographic structure of the NPs. Generated NPs show consistent spherical shape regardless of liquid medium changes and temperature variation. SDS solution notably impacts NP size and generation rate with higher surface charges than DI water. For instance, at temperatures of 28 °C and 80 °C, the generation rates in SDS solution are 316 mg/hr and 309 mg/hr, with average NP sizes of 33 nm and 34 nm, respectively. In contrast, the generation rates in DI water are 96 mg/hr and 302 mg/hr, with NP sizes of 13 nm and 20 nm, respectively. The weaker crystallographic structure observed in NPs generated in SDS solution, compared to the more robust crystallographic structure of NPs synthesized in DI water. Liquid temperature plays a significant role in determining surface charges, average particle size, and molecular structure of NPs. The choice of the liquid medium and temperature can be critical for tailoring NP characteristics to specific applications. Ongoing work is being conducted to explore the possibilities of further progress in this area to generate efficient and customized NPs.
Detailed lipid investigation of edible seaweeds by photochemical derivatization and untargeted lipidomics
Authors: Montone Carmela Maria , Cavaliere Chiara , Cerrato Andrea , Laganà Aldo , Piovesana Susy , Taglioni Enrico , Capriotti Anna Laura 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSeaweeds are macrophytic algae that have been gaining interest as alternative healthy foods, renewable drug sources, and climate change mitigation agents. In terms of their nutritional value, seaweeds are renowned for their high content of biologically active polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, little is known about the regiochemistry—the geometry and position of carbon–carbon double bonds—of free and conjugated fatty acids in seaweeds. In the present work, a detailed characterization of the seaweed lipidome was achieved based on untargeted HRMS-based analysis and lipid derivatization with a photochemical aza-Paternò–Büchi reaction. A triple-data processing strategy was carried out to achieve high structural detail on the seaweed lipidome, i.e., (i) a first data processing workflow with all samples for aligning peak and statistical analysis that led to the definition of lipid sum compositions (e.g., phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 34:1), (ii) a second data processing workflow in which the samples of each seaweed were processed separately to annotate molecular lipids with known fatty acyl isomerism (e.g., PG 16:0_18:1), and (iii) the annotation of lipid regioisomers following MS/MS annotation of the lipid derivatives obtained following the aza-Paternò–Büchi reaction (e.g., PG 16:0_18:1 ω-9). Once the platform was set up, the lipid extracts from 8 seaweed species from different seaweed families were characterized, describing over 900 different lipid species, and information on the regiochemistry of carbon–carbon double bonds uncovered unknown peculiarities of seaweeds belonging to different families. The overall analytical approach helped to fill a gap in the knowledge of the nutritional composition of seaweeds.
Graphical Abstract
Neuronal BAG3 attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive deficits induced by traumatic brain injury via the regulation of autophagy-lysosome pathway
Authors: Sweeney Nicholas , Kim Tae Yeon , Morrison Cody T. , Li Liangping , Acosta Diana , Liang Jiawen , Datla Nithin V. , Fitzgerald Julie A. , Huang Haoran , Liu Xianglan , Tan Gregory Huang , Wu Min , Karelina Kate , Bray Chelsea E. , Weil Zachary M. , Scharre Douglas W. , Serrano Geidy E. , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , Beach Thomas G. , Kokiko-Cochran Olga N. , Godbout Jonathan P. , Johnson Gail V. W. , Fu Hongjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGrowing evidence supports that early- or middle-life traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and AD-related dementia (ADRD). Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying TBI-induced AD-like pathology and cognitive deficits remain unclear. In this study, we found that a single TBI (induced by controlled cortical impact) reduced the expression of BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) in neurons and oligodendrocytes, which is associated with decreased proteins related to the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) and increased hyperphosphorylated tau (ptau) accumulation in excitatory neurons and oligodendrocytes, gliosis, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive deficits in wild-type (WT) and human tau knock-in (hTKI) mice. These pathological changes were also found in human cases with a TBI history and exaggerated in human AD cases with TBI. The knockdown of BAG3 significantly inhibited autophagic flux, while overexpression of BAG3 significantly increased it in vitro. Specific overexpression of neuronal BAG3 in the hippocampus attenuated AD-like pathology and cognitive deficits induced by TBI in hTKI mice, which is associated with increased ALP-related proteins. Our data suggest that targeting neuronal BAG3 may be a therapeutic strategy for preventing or reducing AD-like pathology and cognitive deficits induced by TBI.
Prevention of perioperative venous thromboembolic complications using pneumatic compression cuffs in oral cancer patients in maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Römer P. , Krüger M. , Al-Nawas B. , Kämmerer P. W. , Heider J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is still considered to be a significant medical issue. Physical measures to prevent perioperative venous thrombosis include early mobilization and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether IPC can reduce the incidence of postoperative thromboembolic events in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) undergoing maxillofacial surgery.

Materials and methods
Between March 2020 and May 2021, 75 patients with OSCC who did not receive perioperative prophylaxis using IPC were retrospectively examined to determine the occurrence of postoperative thromboembolism. Accordingly, 79 patients who received perioperative thrombosis prophylaxis using an IPC system as part of surgical tumor therapy from May 2021 to September 2023 were included in the study. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of postoperative thromboembolism.

Results
In the control group without IPC, thromboembolic events were observed in five out of 75 patients during postoperative hospitalization. In the intervention group, no thromboembolic occurrences were identified among the 79 patients studied (p = 0.02). The mean Caprini score in the control group was 7.72, whereas in the intervention group it averaged 8.30 (p = 0.027).

Conclusions
The implementation of IPC-devices as supplementary perioperative thrombosis prophylaxis resulted in a notable decrease in postoperative venous thromboembolism (Number Needed to Treat = 15), which is why implementation of the system as a regular part of the clinical routine for perioperative management of OSCC patients can be considered a sensible approach.

Clinical relevance
The use of IPC enhances patient outcomes and may lead to improved postoperative care protocols in this high-risk patient population.