bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term endocrine outcome of suprasellar arachnoid cysts
Authors: Lee Ji Yeoun , Lee Young Ah , Jung Hae Woon , Chong Sangjoon , Phi Ji Hoon , Kim Seung-Ki , Shin Choong-Ho , Wang Kyu-Chang 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVEDue to their distinct location, suprasellar arachnoid cysts are known to cause a wide variety of problems, such as hydrocephalus, endocrine symptoms, and visual abnormalities. The long-term outcome of these cysts has not been elucidated. To find out the long-term outcome of suprasellar arachnoid cysts, a retrospective review of the patients was performed. The neurological and endocrine symptoms were thoroughly reviewed.METHODSForty-five patients with suprasellar arachnoid cysts, with an average follow-up duration of 9.7 years, were enrolled in the study. A comprehensive review was performed of the results of follow-up regarding not only neurological symptoms but also endocrine status. The outcomes of 8 patients who did not undergo operations and were asymptomatic or had symptoms unrelated to the cyst were included in the series.RESULTSSurgery was most effective for the symptoms related to hydrocephalus (improvement in 32 of 32), but endocrine symptoms persisted after surgery (4 of 4) and required further medical management. More surprisingly, a fairly large number of patients (14 of 40; 1 was excluded because no pre- or postoperative endocrine evaluation was available) who had not shown endocrine symptoms at the time of the initial diagnosis and treatment later developed endocrine abnormalities such as precocious puberty and growth hormone deficiency. The patients with endocrine symptoms detected during the follow-up included those in both the operated (n = 12 of 32) and nonoperated (n = 2 of 8) groups who had been stable during follow-up since the initial diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSThis study implies that patients with suprasellar arachnoid cysts can develop late endocrine problems during follow-up, even if other symptoms related to the cyst have been successfully treated. Hence, patients with these cysts need long-term follow-up for not only neurological symptoms but also endocrine abnormalities.
Strategy analysis for cloud storage reliability management based on game theory
Authors: Lin Chung-Yi , Tzeng Wen-Guey 
Published: March 2017

In cloud storage reliability management, a conflict occurs between the cloud storage provider (CSP) and users. The CSP considers the storage overhead as it adopts a replication mechanism to achieve data reliability. Users incur an auditing cost for verifying CSP’s reliability through remote data integrity checking. Both the CSP and users would like to spend a lower cost on the data reliability management. However, if one side decides to reduce his cost, such as, reducing stored copies for each datum, the data reliability would become lower. The opposite side would face a conflict that he has to increase his cost on the data reliability, such as, increasing auditing frequency. These conflicting situations may lead to an unsatisfied state of the data reliability if users and CSP arbitrarily make decisions according their own preferences. In this paper, we describe a game-theoretic analysis to design optimal strategies for users and the CSP. We present two cases of the user-CSP game: the strategic game and Bayesian game. We determine the Nash Equilibrium (NE) and Bayesian Nash Equilibrium (BNE) to get stable solutions for these games. In the numerical study, we use the pricing strategy adopted by Amazon S3 to explain our analysis. We analyze the effect of the parameter setting with replica number n, data sensitive level, and punishment on the NE and BNE. Our results show that if a user wants to store important data in the CSP, he should choose the [Formula: see text] strategy for [Formula: see text] in the mild punishment and [Formula: see text] in the severe punishment. According to these results, a user can determine whether to pay for auditing by the pricing tags, and the CSP can formulate appropriate policies for reliability of storage.
The influence of Task-Related Training combined with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on paretic upper limb muscle activation in patients with chronic stroke
Authors: Jung Kyoungsim , Jung Jinhwa , In Taesung , Kim Taehoon , Cho Hwi-young 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the efficacy of Task-Related Training (TRT) Combined with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on the improvement of upper limb muscle activation in chronic stroke survivors with mild or moderate paresis. METHODS: A single-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 46stroke survivors with chronic paresis. They were randomly allocated two groups: the TRT+TENS group ( n = 23) and the TRT+ placebo TENS (TRT+PLBO) group ( n = 23). The TRT+TENS group received 30 minutes of high-frequency TENS on wrist and elbow extensors, while the TRT+PLBO group received placebo TENS that was not real ES. Both groups did 30 minutes of TRT after TENS application. Intervention was given five days a week for four weeks. The primary outcomes of upper limb muscle activation were measured by integrated EMG (IEMG), a digital manual muscle tester for muscle strength, active range of motion (AROM) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the upper extremity (FMA-UE). The measurements were performed before and after the 4 weeks intervention period. RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated significant improvements of outcomes in IEMG, AROM, muscle strength and FMA-UE during intervention period. When compared with the TRT+PLBO group, the TRT+TENS group showed significantly greater improvement in muscle activation (wrist extensors, P = 0.045; elbow extensors, P = 0.004), muscle strength (wrist extensors, P = 0.044; elbow extensors, P = 0.012), AROM (wrist extension, P = 0.042; elbow extensors, P = 0.040) and FMA-UE (total, P < 0.001; shoulder/elbow/forearm, P = 0.001; wrist, P = 0.002; coordination, P = 0.008) at the end of intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that TRT Combined with TENS can improve paretic muscle activity in upper limb paresis, highlighting the benefits of somatosensory stimulation from TENS.
Lot's Offer of His Daughters to His People in the Torah and the Qur'an: A Comparative Study in Two Parts (Part Two)
Authors: Al-Dawsarī ʿĀʾiḍ B. Saʿd 
Published: March 2017

The story of Lot is one of many shared by the Qur'an and the Torah, and Lot's offering of his two daughters to his people is presented in a similar way in the two Books. This article compares the status of Lot in the Qur'an and Torah, and explores the moral dimensions of his character, and what scholars of the two religions make of this story. The significance of the episode in which Lot offers his daughters to his people lies in the similarities and differences of the accounts given in the two Books and the fact that, in both the past and the present, this story has presented moral problems and criticism has been leveled at Lot. Context is crucial in understanding this story, and exploration of the ways that Lot and his people are presented is also useful in terms of comparative studies of the two scriptures. This article is divided into three sections: the first explores the depiction of Lot in the two texts, the second explores his moral limitations, and the third discusses the interpretations of various exegetes and scholars of the two Books. Although there are similarities between the Qur'anic and Torah accounts of this episode, it is read differently by scholars from the two religions because of the different contexts of the respective accounts.
Widening of Protostellar Outflows: An Infrared Outflow Survey in Low-luminosity Objects
Authors: Hsieh Tien-Hao , Lai Shih-Ping , Belloche Arnaud 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present an outflow survey toward 20 low-luminosity objects (LLOs), namely, protostars with an internal luminosity lower than 0.2

. Although a number of studies have reported the properties of individual LLOs, the reasons for their low luminosity remain uncertain. To answer this question, we need to know the evolutionary status of LLOs. Protostellar outflows are found to widen as their parent cores evolve, and therefore the outflow opening angle could be used as an evolutionary indicator. The infrared scattered light escapes out through the outflow cavity and highlights the cavity wall, giving us the opportunity to measure the outflow opening angle. Using the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope, we detected outflows toward eight LLOs out of 20 at Ks
band, and based on archival Spitzer IRAC1 images, we added four outflow-driving sources from the remaining 12 sources. By fitting these images with radiative transfer models, we derive the outflow opening angles and inclination angles. To study the widening of outflow cavities, we compare our sample with the young stellar objects from Arce & Sargent and Velusamy et al. in a plot of opening angle versus bolometric temperature taken as an evolutionary indicator. Our LLO targets match well the trend of increasing opening angle with bolometric temperature reported by Arce & Sargent and are broadly consistent with that reported by Velusamy et al., suggesting that the opening angle could be a good evolutionary indicator for LLOs. Accordingly, we conclude that at least 40% of the outflow-driving LLOs in our sample are young Class 0 objects.
Project 1640 Observations of Brown Dwarf GJ 758 B: Near-infrared Spectrum and Atmospheric Modeling
Authors: Nilsson R. , Veicht A. , Godfrey P. A. Giorla , Rice E. L. , Aguilar J. , Pueyo L. , Roberts L. C. , Oppenheimer R. , Brenner D. , Luszcz-Cook S. H. , Bacchus E. , Beichman C. , Burruss R. , Cady E. , Dekany R. , Fergus R. , Hillenbrand L. , Hinkley S. , King D. , Lockhart T. , Parry I. R. , Sivaramakrishnan A. , Soummer R. , Vasisht G. , Zhai C. , Zimmerman N. T. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The nearby Sun-like star GJ 758 hosts a cold substellar companion, GJ 758 B, at a projected separation of ≲30 au, previously detected in high-contrast multi-band photometric observations. In order to better constrain the companion’s physical characteristics, we acquired the first low-resolution (R ∼ 50) near-infrared spectrum of it using the high-contrast hyperspectral imaging instrument Project 1640 on Palomar Observatory’s 5 m Hale telescope. We obtained simultaneous images in 32 wavelength channels covering the Y, J, and H bands (∼952–1770 nm), and used data processing techniques based on principal component analysis to efficiently subtract chromatic background speckle-noise. GJ 758 B was detected in four epochs during 2013 and 2014. Basic astrometric measurements confirm its apparent northwest trajectory relative to the primary star, with no clear signs of orbital curvature. Spectra of SpeX/IRTF observed T dwarfs were compared to the combined spectrum of GJ 758 B, with χ
2 minimization suggesting a best fit for spectral type T7.0 ± 1.0, but with a shallow minimum over T5–T8. Fitting of synthetic spectra from the BT-Settl13 model atmospheres gives an effective temperature T
eff = 741 ± 25 K and surface gravity

dex (cgs). Our derived best-fit spectral type and effective temperature from modeling of the low-resolution spectrum suggest a slightly earlier and hotter companion than previous findings from photometric data, but do not rule out current results, and confirm GJ 758 B as one of the coolest sub-stellar companions to a Sun-like star to date.
The Shadow Knows: Using Shadows to Investigate the Structure of the Pretransitional Disk of HD 100453
Authors: Long Zachary C. , Fernandes Rachel B. , Sitko Michael , Wagner Kevin , Muto Takayuki , Hashimoto Jun , Follette Katherine , Grady Carol A. , Fukagawa Misato , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Kluska Jacques , Kraus Stefan , Mayama Satoshi , McElwain Michael W. , Oh Daehyon , Tamura Motohide , Uyama Taichi , Wisniewski John P. , Yang Yi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present Gemini Planet Imager polarized intensity imagery of HD 100453 in Y, J, and K1 bands that reveals an inner gap (9–18 au), an outer disk (18–39 au) with two prominent spiral arms, and two azimuthally localized dark features that are also present in Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) total intensity images. Spectral energy distribution fitting further suggests that the radial gap extends to 1 au. The narrow, wedge-like shape of the dark features appears similar to predictions of shadows cast by an inner disk that is misaligned with respect to the outer disk. Using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code HOCHUNCK3D, we construct a model of the disk that allows us to determine its physical properties in more detail. From the angular separation of the features, we measure the difference in inclination between the disks (45°) and their major axes, PA = 140° east of north for the outer disk, and 100° for the inner disk. We find an outer-disk inclination of 25° ± 10° from face-on, in broad agreement with the Wagner et al. measurement of 34°. SPHERE data in J and H bands indicate a reddish disk, which indicates that HD 100453 is evolving into a young debris disk.
Convectively Driven Sinks and Magnetic Fields in the Quiet-Sun
Authors: Requerey Iker S. , Del Toro Iniesta Jose Carlos , Rubio Luis R. Bellot , Pillet Valentín Martínez , Solanki Sami K. , Schmidt Wolfgang 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We study the relation between mesogranular flows, convectively driven sinks and magnetic fields using high spatial resolution spectropolarimetric data acquired with the Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment on board Sunrise. We obtain the horizontal velocity flow fields of two quiet-Sun regions (31.2 × 31.2 Mm2) via local correlation tracking. Mesogranular lanes and the central position of sinks are identified using Lagrange tracers. We find

sinks per Mm2 in the two observed regions. The sinks are located at the mesogranular vertices and turn out to be associated with (1) horizontal velocity flows converging to a central point and (2) long-lived downdrafts. The spatial distribution of magnetic fields in the quiet-Sun is also examined. The strongest magnetic fields are preferentially located at sinks. We find that 40% of the pixels with longitudinal components of the magnetic field stronger than 500 G are located in the close neighborhood of sinks. In contrast, the small-scale magnetic loops detected by Martínez González et al. in the same two observed areas do not show any preferential distribution at mesogranular scales. The study of individual examples reveals that sinks can play an important role in the evolution of quiet-Sun magnetic features.
The Dependence of the Cerean Exosphere on Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Villarreal M. N. , Russell C. T. , Luhmann J. G. , Thompson W. T. , Prettyman T. H. , A’Hearn M. F. , Küppers M. , O’Rourke L. , Raymond C. A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Observations from Earth-based ground and orbiting telescopes indicate that the Ceres’s exosphere has a time-varying water component. Evidence of a transient atmosphere was also detected by Dawn upon its arrival, inferred from the response on the Gamma Ray and Neutron Detector. That atmosphere appeared shortly after the passage of a large enhancement in the local flux of high-energy solar protons. Solar proton events have highly variable fluxes over a range of proton energies from 10 s of keV to over 100 MeV and are capable of sputtering water ice at or near the surface. Herein, we examine the fluxes of solar energetic protons measured during Earth-based attempts to detect water vapor and OH in the Ceres’ atmosphere. We find that the presence of the cerean exosphere is correlated with the inferred presence of solar energetic protons at Ceres, consistent with the event detected by Dawn.
Le CLES, un instrument complexe générateur de qualité ?
Authors: Gaw Stéphanie Mac 
Published: March 2017

Le présent article s’intéresse à l’impact de la mise en œuvre du Cles (Certificat de compétences en langues de l’enseignement supérieur) à l’université. Nous considérerons la question de la qualité sous deux angles : d’une part, celui de l’évaluation qualitative du dispositif certificatif mis en œuvre, et d’autre part, celui de l’analyse des effets de la mise en œuvre de l’intégration du Cles dans le dispositif de formation. En empruntant la voie de la complexité, selon l’analyse faite par Morin, nous expliquerons la façon dont le changement intervient en évoquant le principe d’ « énovation » introduit par Gélinas et Fortin. Une étude sur le mode washback (Alderson et Wall) viendra confirmer la qualité prismatique du Cles, et révéler qu’il satisfait des enjeux autres que linguistiques, notamment politiques, économiques et sociaux. Enfin, par le biais d’une analyse systémique du Cles, nous démontrerons l’utilité du recours au Cles au sein du système éducatif en contexte universitaire.
The impact of coaching on the emotional and social intelligence competencies of leaders
Authors: Dippenaar Marlene , Schaap Pieter 
Published: March 2017

Background: The development of the emotional intelligence of leaders has become an exceptionally popular enterprise. However, the empirical research conducted by practitioners to date does not provide convincing evidence of the effectiveness of emotional intelligence development interventions. Robust and informative research on the effectiveness of coaching to develop the emotional intelligence of leaders is lacking.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine, describe and evaluate the impact of a theoretically substantiated coaching intervention on the emotional and social intelligence competencies of leaders in a financial services company.Setting: The setting of the study is a financial services company in South Africa.Methods: A mixed method approach using a quantitative and qualitative research design was considered appropriate. The quantitative research method consisted of a quasi-experimental design using a non-equivalent pre- and post test control group to measure the impact of the coaching intervention on a sample of 30 leaders. The Bar-On EQ-i scale was selected as a reliable and valid measure of emotional and social intelligence competencies. Wilcoxon’s statistic was calculated to determine the statistical significance of score differences between the experimental (N = 30) and control (N = 30) groups. The qualitative research method was comprised of semi-structured interviews with six of the leaders and their supervisors.Results: The statistical results indicated that coaching significantly impacted the emotional and social intelligence competencies of leaders in terms of their overall emotional quotient (EQ), intrapersonal competency, interpersonal skills, stress management, self-regard and empathy. The semi-structured interviews provided rich descriptive themes and evaluations that corroborated the quantitative findings.Conclusion: This research provided convincing empirical evidence of the positive impact of a long-term, spaced and goal-focused coaching intervention on the emotional and social intelligence competencies of leaders in a financial services institution. The finding suggests that a theoretically well substantiated coaching intervention and a robust empirical study can be effective in demonstrating the impact of coaching on the emotional and social intelligence competencies of leaders. However, the implications of the limitations pointed out in this study could have influenced the findings, and future research aimed at improving relevant research models should take these into account.
Structure‐dependent effects of amyloid‐β on long‐term memory in Lymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Ford Lenzie , Crossley Michael , Vadukul Devkee M. , Kemenes György , Serpell Louise C. 
Published: March 2017

Amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides are implicated in the causation of memory loss, neuronal impairment, and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Our recent work revealed that Aβ 1–42 and Aβ 25–35 inhibit long‐term memory (LTM) recall in Lymnaea stagnalis (pond snail) in the absence of cell death. Here, we report the characterization of the active species prepared under different conditions, describe which Aβ species is present in brain tissue during the behavioral recall time point and relate the sequence and structure of the oligomeric species to the resulting neuronal properties and effect on LTM. Our results suggest that oligomers are the key toxic Aβ1–42 structures, which likely affect LTM through synaptic plasticity pathways, and that Aβ 1–42 and Aβ 25–35 cannot be used as interchangeable peptides.
Occurrence frequency and location of magnetic islands at the dayside magnetopause
Authors: Vines S. K. , Fuselier S. A. , Petrinec S. M. , Trattner K. J. , Allen R. C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSimulations of magnetic reconnection often predict the formation of magnetic islands forming and propagating out through the reconnection exhaust region. However, to date, only a few observations of magnetic islands at the Earth's magnetopause have been identified and analyzed. Crossings near reconnection sites at the dayside magnetopause by Cluster from 2001 to 2009 are examined in a systematic effort to determine the frequency and location of magnetic islands. Using the maximum magnetic shear model as a guide for the distance to the reconnection site, 47 magnetopause crossings within 3 RE of the predicted reconnection site are examined. The occurrence of island structures in the reconnection exhaust is investigated in the context of how the type of reconnection, antiparallel or component, affects the frequency of formation of the islands. For Cluster magnetopause crossings confirmed to be near reconnection sites, island signatures, primarily bidirectional streaming electrons in the magnetosheath boundary layer, are seen for approximately 85% of the crossings and are common features for both antiparallel and component reconnection.
Physical linkages between an offshore canyon and surf zone morphologic change
Authors: Hansen Jeff E. , Raubenheimer Britt , Elgar Steve , List Jeffrey H. , Lippmann Thomas C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe causes of surf zone morphologic changes observed along a sandy beach onshore of a submarine canyon were investigated using field observations and a numerical model (Delft3D/SWAN). Numerically simulated morphologic changes using four different sediment transport formulae reproduce the temporal and spatial patterns of net cross‐shore integrated (between 0 and 6.5 m water depths) accretion and erosion observed in a ∼300 m alongshore region, a few hundred meters from the canyon head. The observations and simulations indicate that the accretion or erosion results from converging or diverging alongshore currents driven primarily by breaking waves and alongshore pressure gradients. The location of convergence or divergence depends on the direction of the offshore waves that refract over the canyon, suggesting that bathymetric features on the inner shelf can have first‐order effects on short‐term nearshore morphologic change.
Vitamin K Antagonists [BAT Value Documentation, 2012]
Authors: Nasterlack M. 
Published: March 2017

The article contains sections titled:Metabolism and ToxicokineticsAbsorption and distributionMetabolism and eliminationCritical ToxicityExposure and EffectsRelationship between external and internal exposureRelationship between internal exposure and effectsSelection of IndicatorsMethodsBackground ExposureEvaluationInterpretation