bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redating Croesus: Herodotean Chronologies, and the Dates of the Earliest Coinages
Authors: Wallace Robert W. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:The dates of Croesus’ reign, traditionally 560–546, derive mainly from the Nabonidus Chronicle, for Cyrus’ conquest of Lydia, and Herodotus 1.86.1, that Croesus ruled Lydia for 14 years. Part I of this essay questions the reliability of 1.86.1's ‘14’. Herodotus often uses formulaic or traditional numbers, including seven, for dating and elsewhere. Seven, twice seven, 14 and 70 recur frequently in the Croesus logos. Croesus’ reign may be a formulaic twice seven: seven prosperous years before Solon's visit, followed by seven disastrous years. It therefore may be unhistorical. Part II adduces other passages in Herodotus, and other evidence, that Croesus ruled Lydia already in the 580s. Nothing dates Alyattes after 585. Part III considers possible consequences of redating Croesus for the dates of early electrum and bimetallic coinages, the latter beginning perhaps in the 570s, as does Croesus’ Artemision at Ephesos. Part IV doubts what happened to Croesus when Sardis fell. Herodotus adapted one version for his own purposes. He probably invented Croesus’ role as wise warner to Cyrus and Cambyses.
Listening While Muslim
Authors: Zuberi Nabeel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractYou are what you hear, not what you say. This personal reflection explores how listening to music in the post 9/11 context enabled me to negotiate ideas of diasporic Muslim identity when speaking as Muslim proved much more difficult. Islamophobia and Islamophilia both apply pressures on the kind of Muslim one can be in public. Listening to electronic music genres, hip hop and punk from the US and UK opened up spaces to engage with war and terror, racism and media. Much of this music refers directly to Muslim peoples, places and structures of feeling. Yet music that isn't explicit about the Muslim is also conscripted for life during wartime in which some of us feel wary about articulating those Muslim parts of our garbled selves. Music genres have specific affordances that modulate Muslim affects and discourses, and shape new and indeterminate ways of being Muslim.
Playing with time: Kate Bush's temporal strategies and resistant time consciousness
Authors: Withers D-M 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article focuses on two of Kate Bush's post-Aerial(2005) albums:Director's Cut(2011) and50 Words for Snow(2011). In these albums Bush plays with the temporal qualities of recorded music to create the conditions forself-reflexiveinternal time consciousness to emerge within the listener. I argue that self-reflexive internal time consciousness is a process that enables a listener to gain some understanding that they are embroiled in an act of perception forged via active engagement with recorded music. Bush creates these conditions in two principle ways: InDirector's Cutshe disturbs the memory of previous recorded versions that are re-visited on the album so they can be mobilised as new, interpretative-perceptive acts. In50 Words for Snowshe uses duration as a structure to support the construction of extensive perception. Bush plays with time on these albums because her conceptual music relies upon the uninterrupted unfolding of consciousness as it becomes interlaced with her recordings, understood in the Husserlian sense of temporal objects. Implicit to her temporal strategies is a critique of contemporary listening conditions and how they undermine the very forging of the perceptual act.
The Privilege Against Self-Incrimination in Truth Commission-Administered Accountability Initiatives
Authors: BISSET ALISON 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn recent times, transitional justice practice has increasingly seen truth commissions tasked with administering accountability programmes, distinct from, and in addition to, their traditional truth-seeking role. Such accountability schemes typically take the form of granting or recommending amnesty for those who disclose involvement in past crimes or facilitate reintegration on the basis of similar disclosures. Self-incriminating disclosures made in the course of traditional truth commission proceedings generally attract a robust set of legal safeguards. However, the protections within transitional accountability schemes administered by truth commissions tend to be less stringent. This article explores this anomaly, focusing particularly on the extent to which the privilege against self-incrimination is protected within truth commission-administered accountability programmes. It considers the programmes operated to date, and the levels of protection afforded, and demonstrates a lack of consistent practice in the safeguarding of individual rights within these programmes. It examines international legal standards on the privilege against self-incrimination and questions whether the procedures operated by accountability programmes can be reconciled with international norms in order to protect those who make self-incriminating disclosures within accountability initiatives. The article argues that a failure to ensure individual rights against self-incrimination risks compromising the efficacy of the programmes themselves and the contribution that they can make to long-term peace and reconciliation in transitional states.
Suppression of CRTC2-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis by TRAF6 contributes to hypoglycemia in septic shock
Authors: Lv Sihan , Qiu Xinchen , Li Jian , Li Weida , Zhang Chao , Zhang Zhen-Ning , Luan Bing 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAlthough hypoglycemia has been documented as a major cause of high mortality in the setting of septic shock, the mechanism of hypoglycemia in infection has not been clearly determined. Hepatic gluconeogenesis serves as an important mechanism to maintain glucose levels under physiological conditions and CREB coactivator CRTC2 plays an important role in regulating gluconeogenic gene expression. Here, we show that triggering of the Toll-like receptor 4 pathway in response to endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibits gluconeogenic gene expression and hepatic glucose output by blocking CRTC2 activation. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is found to disrupt gluconeogenic gene expression via the activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6, a key component of the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway that associates with and ubiquitinates CRTC2. TRAF6 promotes the K63-linked ubiquitination of CRTC2, a modification that blocks binding of calcineurin at an adjacent calcineurin-binding site, thereby disrupting CRTC2 dephosphorylation in response to glucagon signals. Mutation of TRAF6-binding sites or ubiquitination site in CRTC2 rescues hepatic gluconeogenesis in LPS-challenged mice. These results suggest that pro-inflammatory signals intersect with the CRTC2 pathway in liver, thus contributing to hypoglycemia caused by infection.
The seahorse genome and the evolution of its specialized morphology
Authors: Lin Qiang , Fan Shaohua , Zhang Yanhong , Xu Meng , Zhang Huixian , Yang Yulan , Lee Alison P. , Woltering Joost M. , Ravi Vydianathan , Gunter Helen M. , Luo Wei , Gao Zexia , Lim Zhi Wei , Qin Geng , Schneider Ralf F. , Wang Xin , Xiong Peiwen , Li Gang , Wang Kai , Min Jiumeng , Zhang Chi , Qiu Ying , Bai Jie , He Weiming , Bian Chao , Zhang Xinhui , Shan Dai , Qu Hongyue , Sun Ying , Gao Qiang , Huang Liangmin , Shi Qiong , Meyer Axel , Venkatesh Byrappa 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSeahorses have a specialized morphology that includes a toothless tubular mouth, a body covered with bony plates, a male brood pouch, and the absence of caudal and pelvic fins. Here we report the sequencing andde novoassembly of the genome of the tiger tail seahorse,Hippocampus comes. Comparative genomic analysis identifies higher protein and nucleotide evolutionary rates inH. comescompared with other teleost fish genomes. We identified an astacin metalloprotease gene family that has undergone expansion and is highly expressed in the male brood pouch. We also find that theH. comesgenome lacks enamel matrix protein-coding proline/glutamine-rich secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein genes, which might have led to the loss of mineralized teeth.tbx4, a regulator of hindlimb development, is also not found inH. comesgenome. Knockout oftbx4in zebrafish showed a ‘pelvic fin-loss’ phenotype similar to that of seahorses.
The evolution of sex-specific virulence in infectious diseases
Authors: Úbeda Francisco , Jansen Vincent A. A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFatality rates of infectious diseases are often higher in men than women. Although this difference is often attributed to a stronger immune response in women, we show that differences in the transmission routes that the sexes provide can result in evolution favouring pathogens with sex-specific virulence. Because women can transmit pathogens during pregnancy, birth or breast-feeding, pathogens adapt, evolving lower virulence in women. This can resolve the long-standing puzzle on progression from Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) infection to lethal Adult T-cell Leukaemia (ATL); a progression that is more likely in Japanese men than women, while it is equally likely in Caribbean women and men. We argue that breastfeeding, being more prolonged in Japan than in the Caribbean, may have driven the difference in virulence between the two populations. Our finding signifies the importance of investigating the differences in genetic expression profile of pathogens in males and females.
Trapping gases in metal-organic frameworks with a selective surface molecular barrier layer
Authors: Tan Kui , Zuluaga Sebastian , Fuentes Erika , Mattson Eric C. , Veyan Jean-François , Wang Hao , Li Jing , Thonhauser Timo , Chabal Yves J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe main challenge for gas storage and separation in nanoporous materials is that many molecules of interest adsorb too weakly to be effectively retained. Instead of synthetically modifying the internal surface structure of the entire bulk—as is typically done to enhance adsorption—here we show that post exposure of a prototypical porous metal-organic framework to ethylenediamine can effectively retain a variety of weakly adsorbing molecules (for example, CO, CO2, SO2, C2H4, NO) inside the materials by forming a monolayer-thick cap at the external surface of microcrystals. Furthermore, this capping mechanism, based on hydrogen bonding as explained byab initiomodelling, opens the door for potential selectivity. For example, water molecules are shown to disrupt the hydrogen-bonded amine network and diffuse through the cap without hindrance and fully displace/release the retained small molecules out of the metal-organic framework at room temperature. These findings may provide alternative strategies for gas storage, delivery and separation.
Constructivist developmental theory is needed in developmental neuroscience
Authors: Arsalidou Marie , Pascual-Leone Juan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNeuroscience techniques provide an open window previously unavailable to the origin of thoughts and actions in children. Developmental cognitive neuroscience is booming, and knowledge from human brain mapping is finding its way into education and pediatric practice. Promises of application in developmental cognitive neuroscience rests however on better theory-guided data interpretation. Massive amounts of neuroimaging data from children are being processed, yet published studies often do not frame their work within developmental models—in detriment, we believe, to progress in this field. Here we describe some core challenges in interpreting the data from developmental cognitive neuroscience, and advocate the use of constructivist developmental theories of human cognition with a neuroscience interpretation.
Selective perturbation of cognitive conflict in the human brain–A combined fMRI and rTMS study
Authors: Peschke Claudia , Köster Raphael , Korsch Margarethe , Frühholz Sascha , Thiel Christiane M. , Herrmann Manfred , Hilgetag Claus C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe investigated if single and double conflicts are processed separately in different brain regions and if they are differentially vulnerable to TMS perturbation. Fifteen human volunteers performed a single (Flanker or Simon) conflict task or a double (Flanker and Simon) conflict task in a combined functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) study. The fMRI approach aimed at localizing brain regions involved in interference resolution induced by single Flanker (stimulus-stimulus, S-S) and Simon (stimulus-response, S-R) conflicts as well as regions involved in the double conflict condition. The data revealed a distinct activation in the right intraparietal sulcus (IPS) for Flanker interference and in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) for the double interference condition. The causal functional role of these brain regions was then examined in the same volunteers by using offline TMS over right IPS and right MFG. TMS perturbation of the right IPS increased the Flanker effect, but had no effect in the Simon or double conflict condition. In contrast, perturbation of the right MFG had no effect on any of the conflict types. These findings suggest a causal role of the right IPS in the processing of the single conflict of Flanker (stimulus-stimulus) interference.
Sexual dimorphic function of IL-17 in salivary gland dysfunction of the C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 model of Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Voigt Alexandria , Esfandiary Lida , Wanchoo Arun , Glenton Patricia , Donate Amy , Craft William F. , Craft Serena L. M. , Nguyen Cuong Q. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInterleukin (IL)-17 is one of the critical inflammatory cytokines that plays a direct role in development of Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS), a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by a progressive chronic attack against the exocrine glands. The expression levels of IL-17 are correlated with a number of essential clinical parameters such as focus score and disease duration in human patients. Significantly immunological differences of Th17 cells were detected at the onset of clinical disease in female SjS mice compared to males. To further define the role of IL-17 in SjS and elucidate its involvement in the sexual dimorphism, we examined the systemic effect of IL-17 by genetically ablating Il-17 in the C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2, spontaneous SjS murine model. The results indicate that IL-17 is a potent inflammatory molecule in the induction of chemoattractants, cytokines, and glandular apoptosis in males and females. Elimination of IL-17 reduced sialadenitis more drastically in females than males. IL-17 is highly involved in modulating Th2 cytokines and altering autoantibody profiles which has a greater impact on changing plasma cells and germinal center B cell populations in females than males. The result supports a much more important role for IL-17 and demonstrates the sexual dimorphic function of IL-17 in SjS.
In vivo Assessment of Antioxidant and Wound Healing Improvement of a New Schiff Base Derived Co (II) Complex in Rats
Authors: El-Ferjani Rashd. M. , Ahmad Musa , Dhiyaaldeen Summaya M. , Harun Farah Wahida , Ibrahim Mohamed Yousif , Adam Hoyam , Mohd. Yamin Bohari , Al-Obaidi Mazen M. Jamil , Batran Rami Al 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCo (II) complex (CMLA) was investigated to evaluate the rate of wound healing in rats. Animals were placed into four groups: gum acacia, Intrasite gel, 10 and 20 mg/ml of CMLA. Wounds were made on the dorsal neck area, then treated with Intrasite gel or CMLA; both of these treatments led to faster healing than with gum acacia. Histology of the wounds dressed with CMLA or Intrasite gel displayed a smaller scar width, required less time to heal and showed more collagen staining and fewer inflammatory cells in comparison to wounds dressed with the vehicle. Immunohistochemistry for Hsp70 and TGF-β showed greater staining intensity in the treated groups compared to the vehicle group. Bax staining was less intense in treated groups compared to the vehicle group, suggesting that CMLA and Intrasite gel provoked apoptosis, responsible for the development of granulation tissue into a scar. CD31 protein analysis showed that the treated groups enhanced angiogenesis and increased vascularization compared to the control group. Furthermore, a significant increase in the levels of GPx and SOD and a decrease in MDA were also observed in the treated groups. This results suggest that CMLA is a potentially promising agent for the wounds treatment.
A genome-wide screen of bacterial mutants that enhance dauer formation in C. elegans
Authors: Khanna Amit , Kumar Jitendra , Vargas Misha A. , Barrett LaKisha , Katewa Subhash , Li Patrick , McCloskey Tom , Sharma Amit , Naudé Nicole , Nelson Christopher , Brem Rachel , Killilea David W. , Mooney Sean D. , Gill Matthew , Kapahi Pankaj 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMolecular pathways involved in dauer formation, an alternate larval stage that allows Caenorhabditis elegans to survive adverse environmental conditions during development, also modulate longevity and metabolism. The decision to proceed with reproductive development or undergo diapause depends on food abundance, population density, and temperature. In recent years, the chemical identities of pheromone signals that modulate dauer entry have been characterized. However, signals derived from bacteria, the major source of nutrients for C. elegans, remain poorly characterized. To systematically identify bacterial components that influence dauer formation and aging in C. elegans, we utilized the individual gene deletion mutants in E. coli (K12). We identified 56 diverse E. coli deletion mutants that enhance dauer formation in an insulin-like receptor mutant (daf-2) background. We describe the mechanism of action of a bacterial mutant cyaA, that is defective in the production of cyclic AMP, which extends lifespan and enhances dauer formation through the modulation of TGF-β (daf-7) signaling in C. elegans. Our results demonstrate the importance of bacterial components in influencing developmental decisions and lifespan in C. elegans. Furthermore, we demonstrate that C. elegans is a useful model to study bacterial-host interactions.
Crystal Structure of Escherichia coli originated MCR-1, a phosphoethanolamine transferase for Colistin Resistance
Authors: Hu Menglong , Guo Jiubiao , Cheng Qipeng , Yang Zhiqiang , Chan Edward Wai Chi , Chen Sheng , Hao Quan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMCR-1 is a phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) transferase that modifies the pEtN moiety of lipid A, conferring resistance to colistin, which is an antibiotic belonging to the class of polypeptide antibiotics known as polymyxins and is the last-line antibiotic used to treat multidrug resistant bacterial infections. Here we determined the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of MCR-1 (MCR-1-ED), which is originated in Escherichia coli (E. coli). MCR-1-ED was found to comprise several classical β-α-β-α motifs that constitute a “sandwich” conformation. Two interlaced molecules with different phosphorylation status of the residue T285 could give rise to two functional statuses of MCR-1 depending on the physiological conditions. MCR-1, like other known pEtN transferases, possesses an enzymatic site equipped with zinc binding residues. Interestingly, two zinc ions were found to mediate intermolecular interactions between MCR-1-ED molecules in one asymmetric unit and hence concatenation of MCR-1, allowing the protein to be oligomer. Findings of this work shall provide important insight into development of effective and clinically useful inhibitors of MCR-1 or structurally similar enzymes.
Cerebral infarction pattern in tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Tai Mei-Ling Sharon , Viswanathan Shanthi , Rahmat Kartini , Nor Hazman Mohd , Kadir Khairul Azmi Abdul , Goh Khean Jin , Ramli Norlisah , Bakar Fatimah Kamila Abu , Zain Norzaini Rose Mohd , Yap Jun Fai , Ong Beng Hooi , Rafia Mohd Hanip , Tan Chong Tin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTuberculous meningitis (TBM) causes significant morbidity and mortality. The primary objective was to re-examine the concept of “TB zone” and “ischaemic zone” in cerebral infarction in patients with tuberculous meningitis. The secondary objective was to evaluate cerebral infarction, vasculitis and vasospasm in tuberculous meningitis infections. Between 2009 and 2014, TBM patients were recruited. Neuroimaging was performed and findings of cerebral infarction, vasculitis and vasospasm were recorded. Infarcts were classified based on arterial supply and Hsieh’s classification. Fifty-one TBM patients were recruited of whom 34 patients (67%) had cerebral infarction. Based on Hsieh’s classification, 20 patients (59%) had infarcts in both “TB zone” and “ischaemic zones”. 12 patients (35%) had infarcts in “ischaemic zone” and two (6%) patients had infarcts in “TB zone”. In terms of vascular supply, almost all patients (35/36) had infarcts involving perforators and cortical branches. 25 patients (73%) and 14 patients (41%) had infarcts supplied by lateral lenticulostriate and medial lenticulostriate arteries respectively. 15 patients (37%) had vasculitis. Vasospasm was present in six patients (15%). 29 patients (85%) with cerebral infarction also had leptomeningeal enhancement (p = 0.002). In summary, infarcts involved mainly perforators and cortical branches, rather than “TB zone” versus “ischaemic zone”.
Observation of an exceptional point in a two-dimensional ultrasonic cavity of concentric circular shells
Authors: Shin Younghoon , Kwak Hojeong , Moon Songky , Lee Sang-Bum , Yang Juhee , An Kyungwon 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe report observation of an exceptional point in circular shell ultrasonic cavities in both theory and experiment. In our theoretical analysis we first observe two interacting mode groups, fluid- and solid-based modes, in the acoustic cavities and then show the existence of an EP of these mode groups exhibiting a branch-point topological structure of eigenfrequencies around the EP. We then confirm the mode patterns as well as eigenfrequency structure around the EP in experiments employing the schlieren method, thereby demonstrating utility of ultrasound cavities as experimental platform for investigating non-Hermitian physics.
Functional proteomics-aided selection of protease inhibitors for herbivore insect control
Authors: Rasoolizadeh Asieh , Munger Aurélie , Goulet Marie-Claire , Sainsbury Frank , Cloutier Conrad , Michaud Dominique 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStudies have reported the potential of protease inhibitors to engineer insect resistance in transgenic plants but the general usefulness of this approach in crop protection still remains to be established. Insects have evolved strategies to cope with dietary protease inhibitors, such as the use of proteases recalcitrant to inhibition, that often make the selection of effective inhibitors very challenging. Here, we used a functional proteomics approach for the ‘capture’ of Cys protease targets in crude protein extracts as a tool to identify promising cystatins for plant improvement. Two cystatins found to differ in their efficiency to capture Cys proteases of the coleopteran pest Leptinotarsa decemlineata also differed in their usefulness to produce transgenic potato lines resistant to this insect. Plants expressing the most potent cystatin at high level had a strong repressing effect on larval growth and leaf intake, while plants expressing the weakest cystatin showed no effect on both two parameters compared to untransformed parental line used for genetic transformation. Our data underline the relevance of considering the whole range of possible protease targets when selecting an inhibitor for plant pest control. They also confirm the feasibility of developing cystatin-expressing transgenics resistant to a major pest of potato.