bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of robotic surgery in abdominal organ transplantation: A literature review
Authors: Levi Sandri Giovanni B. , de Werra Edoardo , Mascianà Gianluca , Guerra Francesco , Spoletini Gabriele , Lai Quirino 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMinimally invasive surgical approaches in transplantation are gaining increasing interest, and many centers are reporting their, mainly laparoscopic, experiences. Robotic surgery (RS) has some hypothetical advantages over traditional laparoscopy and has been successfully applied, although infrequently to organ transplantation. Our goal was to review and critique the publications reporting RS use in organ transplantation. Most of the RS experience has been with living renal donor organ procurement and, to a lesser extent, with RS procedures in the transplant recipient. The available literature suggests that RS appears to be a safe surgical alternative to standard open procedures. RS in living liver donor surgery remains limited, and more experience is required before commenting on RS‐related outcomes RS in pancreatic transplantation is exceedingly rare. The enhanced precision and ergonomics of RS may expand its applicability to liver living donation and pancreas transplantation at some point in the future.
Evaluation of MDRD4, CKD‐EPI, BIS‐1, and modified Cockcroft–Gault equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate in the elderly renal‐transplanted recipients
Authors: David‐Neto Elias , Triboni Ana Heloisa Kamada , Ramos Fernanda , Agena Fabiana , Galante Nelson Zocoler , Altona Marcelo , Lemos Francine Brambate Carvalhinho , Sapienza Marcelo Tatit , Nahas William Carlos 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEquations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were developed in patients using the variables age, body weight, and serum creatinine, which may be different in the elderly. Elderly renal transplant patients (EG; n=70; mean age 65 ± 4 y) who measured plasma 51Cr‐EDTA‐Clearance (mGFR) had mGFR compared to eGFR obtained by the Cockcroft–Gault corrected by body surface area (CG‐BSA), the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD‐4), the Berlin Initiative Study (BIS‐1), and the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD‐EPI). Results were validated using a cohort of 43, of the 70 elderly recipients, who performed a second 51Cr‐EDTA‐Clearance. Mean mGFR was 47 ± 16 mL/min/1.73 m2 and statistically lower than eGFR by MDRD (52 ± 19, P=.001) and BIS‐1 (51 ± 13, P=.007) but not different from the CG‐BSA (47 ± 15) and CKD‐EPI (49 ± 18). The CKD‐EPI and CG‐BSA presented the lowest bias but only CKD‐EPI also showed the highest 30% and 10% accuracy. The same findings were repeated in the validation set. For a cohort of elderly recipients ≥65 years (n=35, 68 ± 3y), the CKD‐EPI performed better with the lowest bias (0 ± 12 mL/min/1.73 m2) and best 30% and 10% accuracy. The CKD‐EPI equation is a valuable tool to monitor GFR in the elderly RTx recipients.
Using direct mail to promote organ donor registration: Two campaigns and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Feeley Thomas H. , Quick Brian L. , Lee Seyoung 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundTwo direct mail campaigns were undertaken in Rochester and Buffalo, New York, with the goal of enrolling adults aged 50‐64 years into the state organ and tissue donation electronic registry. Meta‐analytic methods were used to summarize the body of research on the effects of direct mail marketing to promote organ donation registration.MethodsIn the first study, 40 000 mailers were sent to targeted adults in Rochester, New York, and varied by brochure‐only, letter‐only, and letter plus brochure mailing conditions. A follow‐up mailer using letter‐only was sent to 20 000 individuals in Buffalo, New York area. In a second study, campaign results were combined with previously published direct mail campaigns in a random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsThe overall registration rates were 1.6% and 4.6% for the Rochester and Buffalo campaigns, and the letter‐only condition outperformed the brochure‐only and letter plus brochure conditions in the Rochester area campaigns. Meta‐analysis indicated a 3.3% registration rates across 15 campaigns and 329 137 targeted individuals. Registration rates were higher when targeting 18‐year‐olds and when direct mail letters were authored by officials affiliated with state departments.ConclusionUse of direct mail to promote organ donor registration is an inexpensive method to increase enrollments in state registries.
Critical considerations in responding to crystal methamphetamine use in Australian Aboriginal communities
Authors: MacLean Sarah , Hengsen Ross , Stephens Raelene 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThis article identifies factors that participants in a study based in an Australian regional centre believed to be critical to understanding and responding to crystal methamphetamine (ice) use among Aboriginal people.Design and MethodsThe study entailed a participatory methodology involving a university and an Aboriginal community controlled organisation. Semi‐structured interviews conducted with ice users (n = 14), family members (n = 6) and workers (n = 6) were analysed thematically.ResultsInterviewees believed that historical trauma, contemporary disadvantage and racism cohere to produce a market for ice and other drugs within Aboriginal communities. Intense shame prevented some ice users and their families from seeking help, while fear about ice use was exacerbated when suppliers of ice threatened violence. Disconnection from family and community further intensified a sense of isolation and despair. By contrast, family reintegration provided ice users in the study with the strongest motivation for change.Discussion and ConclusionsAlthough drawing only on a small sample of participants, the study suggests that Aboriginal people's experiences of ice use may have some distinct characteristics, meaning that tailored responses are required. Interventions should address the shame and ameliorate the fear that surround problematic ice use for families and users, provide help to those who feel trapped because of drug debts and relationships with dealers, and support families to maintain contact with ice users where this is manageable. Supports for users to remain connected to family and community are also critical. The effectiveness of family wellbeing interventions as adjuncts to treatment could be evaluated. [MacLean S, Hengsen R, Stephens R Critical considerations in responding to crystal methamphetamine use in Australian Aboriginal communities Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:502‐508]
Climate constrains range expansion of an allochronic population of the pine processionary moth
Authors: Godefroid M. , Rocha S. , Santos H. , Paiva M.‐R. , Burban C. , Kerdelhué C. , Branco M. , Rasplus J.‐Y. , Rossi J.‐P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimAllochronic speciation occurs when sympatric populations sharing similar feeding regimes diverge because they mate at different times. Such speciation mode is fascinating because it permits the study of subsequent adaptations and/or geographic range shifts undergone by the populations that face new ecological constraints. Moreover, exploring whether intraspecific differentiation is accompanied by niche divergence is crucial for planning efficient biodiversity management and invasive species control. Here, we address the topic of potential climatic niche divergence between two sympatric populations of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (PPM) that diverged under allochrony. The larval development of a PPM population recently discovered in coastal regions of Portugal, referred to as the summer population (SP), occurs in the spring–summer instead of the autumn–winter as for all other populations of this species.LocationPortugal.MethodsWe carried out intensive field sampling in the area where both populations are sympatric and calibrated spread (MigClim approach) and species distribution models (ensemble forecasting approach) to depict the response of SP to environment and predict its potential range under current and future climatic conditions.ResultsSince its discovery in 1997, the distribution of SP has been expanding along the Western coasts of Portugal. Still, its establishment in inland regions failed, even though suitable hosts occur. Our models identify maximal temperatures as the main constraint explaining SP absence from inland regions. The coastal area where winter populations and SP co‐occur displays unique climatic conditions (moderate maximal and minimal temperatures), which enable the coexistence of these populations with totally different phenologies. The models predict a future decrease of SP range due to climate warming.Main conclusionsWe show here that a climatic niche shift occurred following allochronic divergence. This study highlights how climate differentially affects allochronic populations and how considering intraspecific diversity is crucial when predicting species responses to climate change.
Auditory toxicity in late preterm and term neonates with severe jaundice
Authors: Amin Sanjiv B , Saluja Satish , Saili Arvind , Laroia Nirupama , Orlando Mark , Wang Hongyue , Agarwal Asha 
Published: October 2016

AimJaundice may cause auditory toxicity (auditory neuropathy and hearing loss). However, total serum bilirubin (TSB) does not discriminate neonates at risk for auditory toxicity. We compared TSB, bilirubin:albumin molar ratio (BAMR), and unbound bilirubin for their association with auditory toxicity in neonates with severe jaundice (TSB ≥342μmol/L, or that met exchange transfusion).MethodNeonates greater or equal to 34 weeks gestational age with severe jaundice during the first 2 postnatal weeks were eligible for prospective cohort study, unless they had craniofacial malformations, chromosomal disorders, toxoplasmosis, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex infections, surgery, or family history of congenital deafness.ResultsTwenty‐eight out of 100 neonates (mean gestational age 37.4wks; 59 males, 41 females) had auditory toxicity. Peak unbound bilirubin, but not peak TSB and BAMR, was associated with auditory toxicity (p<0.05) in neonates with severe (TSB <427.5μmol/L) and extreme hyperbilirubinemia (TSB ≥427.5μmol/L). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for unbound bilirubin (0.78) was significantly greater (p=0.03) than TSB (0.54) among neonates with severe but not extreme hyperbilirubinemia.InterpretationUnbound bilirubin is more strongly associated with auditory toxicity than TSB and/or BAMR in greater or equal to 34 weeks gestational age neonates with severe jaundice. Unbound bilirubin is a better predictor than TSB in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia.
Migratory delay leads to reduced passage success of Atlantic salmon smolts at a hydroelectric dam
Authors: Nyqvist Daniel , Greenberg Larry A. , Goerig Elsa , Calles Olle , Bergman Eva , Ardren William R. , Castro‐Santos Theodore 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPassage of fish through hydropower dams is associated with mortality, delay, increased energy expenditure and migratory failure for migrating fish and the need for remedial measures for both upstream and downstream migration is widely recognised. A functional fish passage must ensure safe and timely passage routes that a substantial portion of migrating fish will use. Passage solutions must address not only the number or percentage of fish that successfully pass a barrier, but also the time it takes to pass. Here, we used radiotelemetry to study the functionality of a fish bypass for downstream‐migrating wild‐caught and hatchery‐released Atlantic salmon smolts. We used time‐to‐event analysis to model the influence of fish characteristics and environmental variables on the rates of a series of events associated with dam passage. Among the modelled events were approach rate to the bypass entry zone, retention rates in both the forebay and the entry zone and passage rates. Despite repeated attempts, only 65% of the tagged fish present in the forebay passed the dam. Fish passed via the bypass (33%), via spill (18%) and via turbines (15%). Discharge was positively related to approach, passage and retention rates. We did not detect any differences between wild and hatchery fish. Even though individual fish visited the forebay and the entry zone on multiple occasions, most fish passed during the first exposures to these zones. This study underscores the importance of timeliness to passage success and the usefulness of time‐to‐event analysis for understanding factors governing passage performance.
Climate‐induced seasonal changes in smallmouth bass growth rate potential at the southern range extent
Authors: Middaugh Christopher R. , Kessinger Brin , Magoulick Daniel D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTemperature increases due to climate change over the coming century will likely affect smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) growth in lotic systems at the southern extent of their native range. However, the thermal response of a stream to warming climate conditions could be affected by the flow regime of each stream, mitigating the effects on smallmouth bass populations. We developed bioenergetics models to compare change in smallmouth bass growth rate potential (GRP) from present to future projected monthly stream temperatures across two flow regimes: runoff and groundwater‐dominated. Seasonal differences in GRP between stream types were then compared. The models were developed for fourteen streams within the Ozark–Ouachita Interior Highlands in Arkansas, Oklahoma and Missouri, USA, which contain smallmouth bass. In our simulations, smallmouth bass mean GRP during summer months decreased by 0.005 g g−1 day−1 in runoff streams and 0.002 g g−1 day−1 in groundwater streams by the end of century. Mean GRP during winter, fall and early spring increased under future climate conditions within both stream types (e.g., 0.00019 g g−1 day−1 in runoff and 0.0014 g g−1 day−1 in groundwater streams in spring months). We found significant differences in change in GRP between runoff and groundwater streams in three seasons in end‐of‐century simulations (spring, summer and fall). Potential differences in stream temperature across flow regimes could be an important habitat component to consider when investigating effects of climate change as fishes from various flow regimes that are relatively close geographically could be affected differently by warming climate conditions.
High‐order motor cortex in rats receives somatosensory inputs from the primary motor cortex via cortico‐cortical pathways
Authors: Kunori Nobuo , Takashima Ichiro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe motor cortex of rats contains two forelimb motor areas; the caudal forelimb area (CFA) and the rostral forelimb area (RFA). Although the RFA is thought to correspond to the premotor and/or supplementary motor cortices of primates, which are higher‐order motor areas that receive somatosensory inputs, it is unknown whether the RFA of rats receives somatosensory inputs in the same manner. To investigate this issue, voltage‐sensitive dye (VSD) imaging was used to assess the motor cortex in rats following a brief electrical stimulation of the forelimb. This procedure was followed by intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) mapping to identify the motor representations in the imaged cortex. The combined use of VSD imaging and ICMS revealed that both the CFA and RFA received excitatory synaptic inputs after forelimb stimulation. Further evaluation of the sensory input pathway to the RFA revealed that the forelimb‐evoked RFA response was abolished either by the pharmacological inactivation of the CFA or a cortical transection between the CFA and RFA. These results suggest that forelimb‐related sensory inputs would be transmitted to the RFA from the CFA via the cortico‐cortical pathway. Thus, the present findings imply that sensory information processed in the RFA may be used for the generation of coordinated forelimb movements, which would be similar to the function of the higher‐order motor cortex in primates.
A resting‐state fMRI study of obese females between pre‐ and postprandial states before and after bariatric surgery
Authors: Wiemerslage Lyle , Zhou Wei , Olivo Gaia , Stark Julia , Hogenkamp Pleunie S. , Larsson Elna‐Marie , Sundbom Magnus , Schiöth Helgi B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPast studies utilizing resting‐state functional MRI (rsfMRI), have shown that obese humans exhibit altered activity in brain areas related to reward compared to normal‐weight controls. However, to what extent bariatric surgery‐induced weight loss alters resting‐state brain activity in obese humans is less well‐studied. Thus, we measured the fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations from eyes‐closed, rsfMRI in obese females (n = 11, mean age = 42 years, mean BMI = 41 kg/m2) in both a pre‐ and postprandial state at two time points: four weeks before, and four weeks after bariatric surgery. Several brain areas showed altered resting‐state activity following bariatric surgery, including the putamen, insula, cingulate, thalamus and frontal regions. Activity augmented by surgery was also dependent on prandial state. For example, in the fasted state, activity in the middle frontal and pre‐ and postcentral gyri was found to be decreased after surgery. In the sated state, activity within the insula was increased before, but not after surgery. Collectively, our results suggest that resting‐state neural functions are rapidly affected following bariatric surgery and the associated weight loss and change in diet.
Concurrently induced plasticity due to convergence of distinct forms of spike timing‐dependent plasticity in the developing barrel cortex
Authors: Itami Chiaki , Kimura Fumitaka 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSpike timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP) has been demonstrated in a variety of neural circuits. Recent studies reveal that it plays a fundamental role in the formation and remodeling of neuronal circuits. We show here an interaction of two distinct forms of STDP in the mouse barrel cortex causing concurrent, plastic changes, potentially a novel mechanism underlying network remodeling. We previously demonstrated that during the second postnatal week, when layer four (L4) cells are forming synapses onto L2/3 cells, L4‐L2/3 synapses exhibit STDP with only long‐term potentiation (t‐LTP). We also showed that at the same developmental stage, thalamus‐L2/3 synapses express functional cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) and exhibit CB1R‐dependent STDP with only long‐term depression (t‐LTD). Thus, distinct forms of STDP with opposite directions (potentiation vs. depression) converge in the target layer of L2/3 during the second postnatal week. As the canonical target layer of the thalamus is L4 and thalamic cells activate both L4 and L2/3 cells, in principle, thalamic activity could induce t‐LTP at L4‐L2/3 and t‐LTD at thalamus‐L2/3 simultaneously. In this study, we tested this possibility. We found that when spike timing stimulation was applied to the thalamus and L2/3 cells, synapses between the thalamus and L2/3 were weakened, whereas synapses between L4 and L2/3 were potentiated; therefore, converging STDP caused the predicted concurrent plasticity. We propose that developmentally transient convergences of STDP may play a role in shaping neural networks by facilitating L4‐L2/3 formation and weakening aberrant thalamic innervation to L2/3, both driven by thalamic activity.
Trait biogeography of marine copepods – an analysis across scales
Authors: Brun Philipp , Payne Mark R. , Kiørboe Thomas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFunctional traits, rather than taxonomic identity, determine the fitness of individuals in their environment: traits of marine organisms are therefore expected to vary across the global ocean as a function of the environment. Here, we quantify such spatial and seasonal variations based on extensive empirical data and present the first global biogeography of key traits (body size, feeding mode, relative offspring size and myelination) for pelagic copepods, the major group of marine zooplankton. We identify strong patterns with latitude, season and between ocean basins that are partially (c. 50%) explained by key environmental drivers. Body size, for example decreases with temperature, confirming the temperature‐size rule, but surprisingly also with productivity, possibly driven by food‐chain length and size‐selective predation. Patterns unrelated to environmental predictors may originate from phylogenetic clustering. Our maps can be used as a test‐bed for trait‐based mechanistic models and to inspire next‐generation biogeochemical models.
Twenty‐four‐hour ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate profiles in diagnosing orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy
Authors: Vichayanrat E. , Low D. A. , Iodice V. , Stuebner E. , Hagen E. M. , Mathias C. J. 
Published: October 2016

Background and purposeTwenty‐four‐hour ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate monitoring (24‐h ABPM) can provide vital information on circadian blood pressure (BP) profiles, which are commonly abnormal in Parkinson's disease with and without autonomic failure (PD + AF and PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Twenty‐four‐hour ABPM has not been directly compared between these disorders regarding cardiovascular autonomic function. Our aim was to determine the usefulness of 24‐h ABPM with diary compared to head‐up tilting (HUT) in diagnosing orthostatic hypotension (OH) in these patients.MethodsSeventy‐four patients (23 MSA, 18 PD + AF, 33 PD) underwent cardiovascular autonomic screening followed by 24‐h ABPM with diary. Standing tests were included during 24‐h ABPM. The sensitivity and specificity in detecting OH from the 24‐h ABPM standing test were compared with HUT.ResultsThere was no difference in OH during HUT between MSA and PD + AF (P > 0.05). There was a higher proportion of abnormal BP circadian rhythms in MSA and PD + AF compared to PD (P < 0.05) but not between MSA and PD + AF (P > 0.05). Patients were divided into groups with OH (OH+) and without OH (OH−) on HUT. Using the standing test during 24‐h ABPM, a systolic BP fall of >20 mmHg showed a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 100% (area under the curve 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.84–0.98) in differentiating OH+ from OH−.ConclusionsParkinson's disease with autonomic failure and MSA patients had similar circadian BP patterns suggesting that autonomic dysfunction influences abnormal BP circadian patterns similarly in these disorders. The higher sensitivity and specificity in detecting OH using a systolic BP fall of >20 mmHg compared to a diastolic BP fall of >10 mmHg during the standing test supports its usefulness to assess autonomic function in MSA and PD.