bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving efficacy of internal binary search trees using local recovery
Authors: Ramachandran Arunmoezhi , Mittal Neeraj 
Published: November 2016

Binary Search Tree (BST) is an important data structure for managing ordered data. Many algorithms---blocking as well as non-blocking---have been proposed for concurrent manipulation of a binary search tree in an asynchronous shared memory system that supports search, insert and delete operations based on both external and internal representations of a search tree.
An important step in executing an operation on a tree is to traverse the tree from top-to-down in order to locate the operation's window. A process may need to perform this traversal several times to handle any failures occurring due to other processes performing conflicting actions on the tree. Most concurrent algorithms that have proposed so far use a naïve approach and simply restart the traversal from the root of the tree.

In this work, we present a new approach to recover from such failures more efficiently in a concurrent binary search tree based on internal representation using
local recovery
by restarting the traversal from the "middle" of the tree in order to locate an operation's window. Our approach is sufficiently general in the sense that it can be applied to a variety of concurrent binary search trees based on both blocking and non-blocking approaches.

Using experimental evaluation, we demonstrate that our local recovery approach can yield significant speed-ups of up to 69% for many concurrent algorithms.
Effect of portable fine-grained locality on energy efficiency and performance in concurrent search trees
Authors: Umar Ibrahim , Anshus Otto J. , Ha Phuong H. 
Published: November 2016

Recent research has suggested that improving fine-grained data-locality is one of the main approaches to improving energy efficiency and performance. However, no previous research has investigated the effect of the approach on these metrices in the case of concurrent data structures.
This paper investigates how fine-grained data locality influences energy efficiency and performance in concurrent search trees, a crucial data structure that is widely used in several important systems. We conduct a set of experiments on three lock-based concurrent search trees: DeltaTree, a portable fine-grained locality-aware concurrent search tree; CBTree, a coarse-grained locality-aware B+tree; and BST-TK, a locality-oblivious concurrent search tree. We run the experiments on a commodity x86 platform and an embedded ARM platform. The experimental results show that DeltaTree has 13--25% better energy efficiency and 10--22% more operations/second on the x86 and ARM platforms, respectively. The results confirm that portable fine-grained locality can improve energy efficiency and performance in concurrent search trees.
A scalable lock-free hash table with open addressing
Authors: Nielsen Jesper Puge , Karlsson Sven 
Published: November 2016

Concurrent data structures synchronized with locks do not scale well with the number of threads. As more scalable alternatives, concurrent data structures and algorithms based on widely available, however advanced, atomic operations have been proposed. These data structures allow for correct and concurrent operations without any locks. In this paper, we present a new fully lock-free open addressed hash table with a simpler design than prior published work. We split hash table insertions into two atomic phases: first inserting a value ignoring other concurrent operations, then in the second phase resolve any duplicate or conflicting values.
Our hash table has a constant and low memory usage that is less than existing lock-free hash tables at a fill level of 33% and above. The hash table exhibits good cache locality. Compared to prior art, our hash table results in 16% and 15% fewer L1 and L2 cache misses respectively, leading to 21% fewer memory stall cycles. Our experiments show that our hash table scales close to linearly with the number of threads and outperforms, in throughput, other lock-free hash tables by 19%.
Reduced nitric oxide bioavailability mediates cerebroarterial dysfunction independent of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Merlini Mario , Shi Yi , Keller Stephan , Savarese Gianluigi , Akhmedov Alexander , Derungs Rebecca , Spescha Remo D. , Kulic Luka , Nitsch Roger M. , Lüscher Thomas F. , Camici Giovanni G. 
Published: November 2016

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cerebral arteries, in contrast to cerebral microvessels, show both cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) -dependent and -independent vessel wall pathology. However, it remains unclear whether CAA-independent vessel wall pathology affects arterial function, thereby chronically reducing cerebral perfusion, and, if so, which mechanisms mediate this effect. To this end, we assessed the ex vivo vascular function of the basilar artery and a similar-sized peripheral artery (femoral artery) in the Swedish-Arctic (SweArc) transgenic AD mouse model at different disease stages. Furthermore, we used quantitative immunohistochemistry to analyze CAA, endothelial morphology, and molecular pathways pertinent to vascular relaxation. We found that endothelium-dependent, but not smooth muscle-dependent, vasorelaxation was significantly impaired in basilar and femoral arteries of 15-mo-old SweArc mice compared with that of age-matched wild-type and 6-mo-old SweArc mice. This impairment was accompanied by significantly reduced levels of cyclic GMP, indicating a reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. However, no age- and genotype-related differences in oxidative stress as measured by lipid peroxidation were observed. Although parenchymal capillaries, arterioles, and arteries showed abundant CAA in the 15-mo-old SweArc mice, no CAA or changes in endothelial morphology were detected histologically in the basilar and femoral artery. Thus our results suggest that, in this AD mouse model, dysfunction of large intracranial, extracerebral arteries important for brain perfusion is mediated by reduced NO bioavailability rather than by CAA. This finding supports the growing body of evidence highlighting the therapeutic importance of targeting the cerebrovasculature in AD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that vasorelaxation of the basilar artery, a large intracranial, extracerebral artery important for cerebral perfusion, is impaired independent of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Interestingly, this dysfunction is specifically endothelium related and is mediated by impaired nitric oxide–cyclic GMP bioavailability. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/cerebroarterial-dysfunction-in-swedish-arctic-ad-mice/ .
S100A4 Elevation Empowers Expression of Metastasis Effector Molecules in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Ismail Thamir M. , Bennett Daimark , Platt-Higgins Angela M. , Al-Medhity Morteta , Barraclough Roger , Rudland Philip S. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Many human glandular cancers metastasize along nerve tracts, but the mechanisms involved are generally poorly understood. The calcium-binding protein S100A4 is expressed at elevated levels in human cancers, where it has been linked to increased invasion and metastasis. Here we report genetic studies in a Drosophila model to define S100A4 effector functions that mediate metastatic dissemination of mutant Ras-induced tumors in the developing nervous system. In flies overexpressing mutant RasVal12 and S100A4, there was a significant increase in activation of the stress kinase JNK and production of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP1. Genetic or chemical blockades of JNK and MMP1 suppressed metastatic dissemination associated with S100A4 elevation, defining required signaling pathway(s) for S100A4 in this setting. In clinical specimens of human breast cancer, elevated levels of the mammalian paralogs MMP2, MMP9, and MMP13 are associated with a 4- to 9-fold relative decrease in patient survival. In individual tumors, levels of MMP2 and MMP13 correlated more closely with levels of S100A4, whereas MMP9 levels correlated more closely with the S100 family member S100P. Overall, our results suggest the existence of evolutionarily conserved pathways used by S100A4 to promote metastatic dissemination, with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications for metastasis by cancers that preferentially exploit nerve tract migration routes. Cancer Res; 77(3); 780–9. ©2016 AACR.
Sequencing of Sipuleucel-T and Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Men with Hormone-Sensitive Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Phase II Randomized Trial
Authors: Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Kibel Adam S. , Yu Evan Y. , Karsh Lawrence I. , Elfiky Aymen , Shore Neal D. , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Corman John M. , Millard Frederick E. , Maher Johnathan C. , Chang Nancy N. , DeVries Todd , Sheikh Nadeem A. , Drake Charles G. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Purpose: STAND, a randomized, phase II, open-label trial (NCT01431391), assessed sequencing of sipuleucel-T (an autologous cellular immunotherapy) with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (BRPC) patients at high risk for metastasis.
Experimental Design: Men with BRPC following prostatectomy and/or radiotherapy, a PSA doubling time ≤12 months, and no metastasis were enrolled. Patients were randomized (34/arm) to sipuleucel-T followed by ADT (started 2 weeks after sipuleucel-T completion), or ADT followed by sipuleucel-T (started 12 weeks after ADT initiation); ADT continued for 12 months in both arms. The primary endpoint was PA2024-specific T-cell response [enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT)] over time.
Results: PA2024-specific ELISPOT responses over time were similar between groups, except at week 6, where responses were higher with sipuleucel-T→ADT versus ADT→sipuleucel-T (P = 0.013). PA2024-specific T-cell proliferation responses, averaged across time points, were approximately 2-fold higher with sipuleucel-T→ADT versus ADT→sipuleucel-T (P = 0.001). PA2024-specific cellular and humoral responses and prostatic acid phosphatase–specific humoral responses increased significantly versus baseline (P &lt; 0.001) and were maintained for 24 months (both arms). Median time-to-PSA recurrence was similar between arms (21.8 vs. 22.6 months, P = 0.357). Development of a PA2024-specific humoral response correlated with prolonged time-to-PSA progression (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.08–0.67; P = 0.007). Sipuleucel-T with ADT was generally well tolerated.
Conclusions: Sipuleucel-T→ADT appears to induce greater antitumor immune responses than the reverse sequence. These results warrant further investigation to determine whether this sequence leads to improved clinical outcomes, as well as the independent contribution of ADT alone in terms of immune activation. Clin Cancer Res; 23(10); 2451–9. ©2016 AACR.
From Ravensbrück to Berlin: Will Lammert’s Monument to the Deported Jews 1957/1985
Authors: Goldman Natasha 
Published: November 2016

In 1985 one of the earliest memorials dedicated to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust was installed in East Berlin. The Monument to the Deported Jews was an arrangement of thirteen bronze figures in expressionist style. Will Lammert, the artist, originally designed the figures for the base of his monument for Ravensbrück in 1957. The artist died in 1957, however, before finalizing his design for the monument. Only two figures on a pylon were installed at the concentration camp in 1959. The figures meant for the base of the Ravensbrück memorial were unfinished, but were nonetheless cast in bronze by the artist’s family. Thirteen of those figures were installed on the Große Hamburger Straße in 1985 by the artist’s grandson, Mark Lammert.
This essay analyzes the Große Hamburger Straße monument in three ways: first, it returns to the literature on the Ravensbrück memorial in order to better understand the role that the unfinished figures would have played, had they been installed. I argue that they originally were most likely meant to depict “Strafestehen”—or torture by standing—at Ravensbrück. Secondly, it aims to explain why and how Lammert’s seemingly expressionist memorial would have been acceptable to East Germany in 1959. While Western art historical attitudes toward East Germany up until the 1990s assumed that Soviet socialist realism was the de facto art style of the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR), some elements of expressionism were being theorized in the late 1950s, at precisely the time when Lammert designed the Ravensbrück monument. Finally, I analyze the role that a monument for Ravensbrück plays in this particular neighborhood of Mitte, Berlin: standing silently, they are no longer legible as women being tortured by standing. Instead, the sculptures signify, at the same time, the deported Jews of Berlin and the harrowing aftermath of their deportations, the improbable return of the deported Jews, and the changing attitudes toward the history of the neighborhood in which the sculptural group is located.
Estimation of Near-Real-Time Outgoing Longwave Radiation from Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) Radiance Measurements
Authors: Zhang Kexin , Goldberg Mitchell D. , Sun Fengying , Zhou Lihang , Wolf Walter W. , Tan Changyi , Nalli Nicholas R. , Liu Quanhua 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study describes the algorithm for deriving near-real-time outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) hyperspectral infrared sounder radiance measurements. The estimation of OLR on a near-real-time basis provides a unique perspective for studying the variability of Earth’s current atmospheric radiation budget. CrIS-derived OLR values are estimated as a weighted linear combination of CrIS-adjusted “pseudochannel” radiances. The algorithm uses the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) as the transfer instrument, and a least squares regression algorithm is applied to generate two sets of regression coefficients. The first set of regression coefficients is derived from collocated Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) OLR on Aqua and pseudochannel radiances calculated from AIRS radiances. The second set of coefficients is derived to adjust the CrIS pseudochannel radiance to account for the differences in pseudochannel radiances between AIRS and CrIS. The CrIS-derived OLR is then validated by using a limited set of available CERES SNPP OLR observations over 1° × 1° global grids, as well as monthly OLR mean and interannual differences against CERES OLR datasets from SNPP and Aqua. The results show that the bias of global CrIS OLR estimation is within ±2 W m−2 and that the standard deviation is within 5 W m−2 for all conditions, and ±1 and 3 W m−2 for homogeneous scenes. The interannual CrIS-derived OLR differences agree well with Aqua CERES interannual OLR differences on a 1° × 1° spatial scale, with only a small drift of the global mean of these two datasets of around 0.004 W m−2.
New, Immunomodulatory, Oral Nutrition Formula for Use Prior to Surgery in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Palma‐Milla Samara , López‐Plaza Bricia , Santamaría Beatriz , de Arriba‐Sánchez Álvaro , Bermejo Laura M. , Gómez‐Candela Carmen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground: The perioperative use of immunomodulatory nutrition formulas in patients with head and neck cancer reduces the number of postoperative infections and the length of hospital stay. Objective: An exploratory, randomized, controlled, blind, clinical trial was designed to examine the effect of the preoperative consumption of a new, immunomodulatory, oral nutrition formula in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods: Thirty‐eight patients were randomized to receive either 400 mL/d of either the new immunomodulatory formula (IF) or that commonly used in clinical practice (CF) over 10 days prior to surgery. Thirty‐three patients completed the study. Compliance, tolerance, the length of hospital stay, the incidence of infections and noninfectious complications before discharge, and the same up to 15 and 30 days after discharge were recorded. Results: The percentage of patients who developed infections before discharge was significantly lower in the IF than in the CF group (P = .013), as was the number of infections/100 patients/d (P = .035). The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the IF group (P = .001). Both formulas were safe and well tolerated. No other differences were detected. These results suggest preoperative consumption of the new formula to be beneficial for patients with neck and head cancer. Further trials are needed to confirm these results and to test the efficacy of the formula in patients with other conditions. Conclusion: The new formula can be safely prescribed as part of the preoperative treatment of patients with head and neck cancer and might reduce the problem of postoperative infection.
Postoperative changes in high mobility group box 1 levels after colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Satoh Masaaki , Kotani Kazuhiko , Yamada Shingo , Koinuma Koji , Horie Hisanaga , Takeuchi Mamoru 
Published: November 2016

Objective To investigate the potential use of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a marker for the surgical course following surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Patients with advanced CRC undergoing open colorectal surgery who did not develop postsurgical complications were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were taken preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 week and 3 weeks after surgery for the measurement of the white blood cell count, serum C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and HMGB1. Results Data from 21 patients were analysed. HMGB1 levels changed significantly during the surgical course, increasing from a preoperative median of 6.8 ng/ml to 12.1 ng/ml at 1 day postoperatively, and then decreasing to 8.1 ng/ml at 1 week postoperatively and 4.0 ng/ml at 3 weeks postoperatively. These changes were similar to but were not completely correlated with the changes seen in the other markers. Conclusion Serum HMGB1 may be a potential marker to monitor the surgical course in patients undergoing surgery for CRC, although further studies are warranted before it can be introduced into routine clinical practice.
Thrombus aspirated from patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Clinical and angiographic outcomes
Authors: Yang Yapan , Li Jingchao , Xu Wenke , Dong Shujuan , Yu Haijia , Song Huihui , Chu Yingjie 
Published: November 2016

Objective To investigate differences in clinical and angiographic outcomes between patients with acute myocardial infarction with red and white thrombi. Methods A total of 137 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary interventions were included. Thrombus material was classified as white or red based on its pathology. Information on characteristics of thrombi was available for 97 (70.8%) patients. Results The total ischaemic time was significantly longer in the red thrombus group compared with the white thrombus group. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in hospital was higher in the red thrombus group than in the white thrombus group (15.6% vs 0%). Multivariable logistic analysis showed that the total ischaemic time was the only predictor of thrombus composition (odds ratio 1.353; 95% confidence interval 1.003, 1.826). Conclusion Red thrombi were present in nearly two-thirds of cases, and were associated with a longer ischaemic time and higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in hospital.
The SURMetaGIT study: Design and rationale for a prospective pan-omics examination of the gastrointestinal response to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Sala Priscila , Belarmino Giliane , Machado Natasha Mendonça , Cardinelli Camila Siqueira , Al Assal Karina , Silva Mariane Marques , Fonseca Danielle Cristina , Ishida Robson Kiyoshi , Santo Marco Aurélio , de Moura Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux , Sakai Paulo , Guarda Ismael Francisco Mota Siqueira , da Silva Ismael Dale Cotrim Guerreiro , Rodrigues Agatha Sacramento , Pereira Carlos Alberto de Bragança , Heymsfield Steven , Doré Joel , Torrinhas Raquel Susana Matos de Miranda , Giannella-Neto Daniel , Waitzberg Dan Linetzky 
Published: November 2016

Objective To describe the protocol of the SURgically induced Metabolic effects on the Human GastroIntestinal Tract (SURMetaGIT) study, a clinical pan-omics study exploring the gastrointestinal tract as a central organ driving remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The main points considered in the study’s design and challenges faced in its application are detailed. Methods This observational, longitudinal, prospective study involved collection of gastrointestinal biopsy specimens, faeces, urine, and blood from 25 obese women with T2DM who were candidates for RYGB (20 patients for omics assessment and 5 for omics validation). These collections were performed preoperatively and 3 and 24 months postoperatively. Gastrointestinal transcriptomics; faecal metagenomics and metabolomics; plasma proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics; and biochemical, nutritional, and metabolic data were assessed to identify their short- and long-term correlations with T2DM remission. Results Data were collected from 20 patients before and 3 months after RYGB. These patients have nearly completed the 2-year follow-up assessments. The five additional patients are currently being selected for omics data validation. Conclusion The multi-integrated pan-omics approach of the SURMetaGIT study enables integrated analysis of data that will contribute to the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in T2DM remission after RYGB.