bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential impact of Shavasana and meditation on memory scores in healthy college students
Authors: Bhogal Ranjeet Singh , Thakur Ghanshyam Singh , Shete Sanjay Uddhav 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Yogic relaxation techniques endow its practitioners with the relaxation of Citta (i.e., mind, intellect, and ego) and freedom from psycho-physiological fatigue.

Objectives:
The purpose of the present study was to compare the differential impact of the guided instructions in Shavasana and meditation in supine posture on verbal, spatial, and associate memory scores.

Research Design:
This was a randomized controlled trial.

Method:
Randomly selected 45 healthy college students were equally divided into meditation group (n = 15), Shavasana group (n= 15), and control group (n = 15), with age range of 22–30 years. All individuals were assessed for total memory through Wechsler Memory Scale before and after the 30-day intervention of yoga, consisting of two types of relaxation techniques (Shavasana and meditation in supine posture). The sessions were of 30 min each for both the intervention groups for 6 days a week.

Results:
Results showed significant changes in memory scores among meditation and Shavasana groups as compared to the control group. Meditation group had shown a higher magnitude of change as compared to the other groups. Within-group comparison revealed significant changes in memory scores in both meditation (P < 0.001) as well as in Shavasana (P < 0.01) groups.

Conclusion:
This study has concluded that the guided relaxation techniques of yoga could bring a deeper relaxation at the psycho-physiological level which, in turn, could bring about a deeper impact at higher psychological levels resulting into significant improvement in verbal, spatial, and associate memory scores.
Factors controlling black carbon distribution in the Arctic
Authors: Qi Ling , Li Qinbin , Li Yinrui , He Cenlin 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. We investigate the sensitivity of black carbon (BC) in the Arctic, including BC concentration in snow (BCsnow, ng g−1) and surface air (BCair, ng m−3), as well as emissions, dry deposition, and wet scavenging using the global three-dimensional (3-D) chemical transport model (CTM) GEOS-Chem. We find that the model underestimates BCsnow in the Arctic by 40 % on average (median  =  11.8 ng g−1). Natural gas flaring substantially increases total BC emissions in the Arctic (by ∼ 70 %). The flaring emissions lead to up to 49 % increases (0.1–8.5 ng g−1) in Arctic BCsnow, dramatically improving model comparison with observations (50 % reduction in discrepancy) near flaring source regions (the western side of the extreme north of Russia). Ample observations suggest that BC dry deposition velocities over snow and ice in current CTMs (0.03 cm s−1 in the GEOS-Chem) are too small. We apply the resistance-in-series method to compute a dry deposition velocity (vd) that varies with local meteorological and surface conditions. The resulting velocity is significantly larger and varies by a factor of 8 in the Arctic (0.03–0.24 cm s−1), which increases the fraction of dry to total BC deposition (16 to 25 %) yet leaves the total BC deposition and BCsnow in the Arctic unchanged. This is largely explained by the offsetting higher dry and lower wet deposition fluxes. Additionally, we account for the effect of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen (WBF) process in mixed-phase clouds, which releases BC particles from condensed phases (water drops and ice crystals) back to the interstitial air and thereby substantially reduces the scavenging efficiency of clouds for BC (by 43–76 % in the Arctic). The resulting BCsnow is up to 80 % higher, BC loading is considerably larger (from 0.25 to 0.43 mg m−2), and BC lifetime is markedly prolonged (from 9 to 16 days) in the Arctic. Overall, flaring emissions increase BCair in the Arctic (by ∼ 20 ng m−3), the updated vd more than halves BCair (by ∼ 20 ng m−3), and the WBF effect increases BCair by 25–70 % during winter and early spring. The resulting model simulation of BCsnow is substantially improved (within 10 % of the observations) and the discrepancies of BCair are much smaller during the snow season at Barrow, Alert, and Summit (from −67–−47 % to −46–3 %). Our results point toward an urgent need for better characterization of flaring emissions of BC (e.g., the emission factors, temporal, and spatial distribution), extensive measurements of both the dry deposition of BC over snow and ice, and the scavenging efficiency of BC in mixed-phase clouds. In addition, we find that the poorly constrained precipitation in the Arctic may introduce large uncertainties in estimating BCsnow. Doubling precipitation introduces a positive bias approximately as large as the overall effects of flaring emissions and the WBF effect; halving precipitation produces a similarly large negative bias.
Sensor solutions for an energy-efficient and user-centered heating system
Authors: Hein Moritz , Stöber Ralf , Meiler Michael , Schaller Daniel , Zehle Rebecca , Fischerauer Gerhard , Bauer Jochen , Bürner Johannes , Franke Jörg , Becher Thomas , Feller Martin , Maul Joachim 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. In contrast to conventional hydronic heating systems, in which the air is used as a medium for the convective heat transfer, an alternative approach is based on the usage of infrared (IR) radiant heating foils. These foils, which are applied to the walls and the ceiling of a laboratory, can be controlled individually. This leads to the possibility of heating the room zonewise and only when a person is present in a zone. A local comfortable climate is provided only in occupied zones, with the remaining zones being kept at a lower base temperature. Consequently, the measurement system has to detect persons in each zone and to determine the putative thermal comfort at relevant locations in the room. For the first problem, we examined and evaluated different sensor types capable of localizing persons without infringing on their anonymity. For the second problem, we used the fact that the thermal comfort mainly depends on the operative temperature (Li et al., 2010; DIN EN ISO 7730, 2006; de Dear and Brager, 2002). According to Simone et al. (2007), this temperature can be measured directly by an easily producible, planar sensor. The sensors were integrated in a wireless sensor network which consists of Wi-Fi-capable microcontroller boards, wireless smart home equipment, a Wi-Fi router, and a server.
Improvement of RAMS precipitation forecast at the short-range through lightning data assimilation
Authors: Federico Stefano , Petracca Marco , Panegrossi Giulia , Dietrich Stefano 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. This study shows the application of a total lightning data assimilation technique to the RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) forecast. The method, which can be used at high horizontal resolution, helps to initiate convection whenever flashes are observed by adding water vapour to the model grid column. The water vapour is added as a function of the flash rate, local temperature, and graupel mixing ratio. The methodology is set up to improve the short-term (3 h) precipitation forecast and can be used in real-time forecasting applications. However, results are also presented for the daily precipitation for comparison with other studies. The methodology is applied to 20 cases that occurred in fall 2012, which were characterized by widespread convection and lightning activity. For these cases a detailed dataset of hourly precipitation containing thousands of rain gauges over Italy, which is the target area of this study, is available through the HyMeX (HYdrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment) initiative. This dataset gives the unique opportunity to verify the precipitation forecast at the short range (3 h) and over a wide area (Italy). Results for the 27 October case study show how the methodology works and its positive impact on the 3 h precipitation forecast. In particular, the model represents better convection over the sea using the lightning data assimilation and, when convection is advected over the land, the precipitation forecast improves over the land. It is also shown that the precise location of convection by lightning data assimilation improves the precipitation forecast at fine scales (meso-β). The application of the methodology to 20 cases gives a statistically robust evaluation of the impact of the total lightning data assimilation on the model performance. Results show an improvement of all statistical scores, with the exception of the bias. The probability of detection (POD) increases by 3–5 % for the 3 h forecast and by more than 5 % for daily precipitation, depending on the precipitation threshold considered. Score differences between simulations with or without data assimilation are significant at 95 % level for most scores and thresholds considered, showing the positive and statistically robust impact of the lightning data assimilation on the precipitation forecast.
O ENVELHECIMENTO POPULACIONAL: POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE MOGI DAS CRUZES - SP
Authors: Pereira Maria de Lourdes Gomes , Bonini Luci Mendes de Melo , Panhoca Ivone 
Published: January 2017

Trata-se de um estudo realizado na Instituição Pró Hiper - Centro de Qualidade de Vida do Idoso, ligado à Coordenadoria do Idoso da Prefeitura Municipal de Mogi das Cruzes. O objetivo central deste estudo foi analisar as ações deste programa municipal e os benefícios advindos para a população que o utiliza e refletir a respeito das políticas públicas municipais relacionadas ao idoso em Mogi das Cruzes de modo a analisar a sua efetividade na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos cidadãos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de abordagem quali-quantitativa, que se desenvolveu na instituição em epígrafe. Foram entrevistados 36 sujeitos e os resultados apontam que as políticas de atenção ao idoso em Mogi das Cruzes têm avançado no sentido de ofertar um centro dia de atividades físicas que promovem a socialização fazendo com que os idosos tenham mais qualidade de vida.
L'archeologia sperimentale come metodo di indagine per lo studio delle Veneri del Paleolitico Superiore
Authors: Basile Martina 
Published: January 2017

Nel presente articolo si vuole proporre una metodologia di studio delle Veneri del Paleolitico Superiore utilizzando i principi scientifici della Archeologia Sperimentale. L’obiettivo era quello di comprendere come e con quali azioni gli artisti preistorici avevano realizzato le Veneri Paleolitiche. Si è presa come Venere di riferimento la statuina in osso trovata in località Parabita (Lecce, Puglia), chiamata “Venere Grande”, e si è fissato un protocollo sperimentale che prevedeva il confronto tra le tracce tecnologiche presenti sulla superficie della Venere Archeologica e quelle create sperimentalmente.I campioni sperimentali consistevano, nella creazione di una serie di tracce tecnologiche su oggetti in osso realizzati con strumenti litici affini a quelli trovati nel sito di Parabita e, la creazione, di una Venere Campione, simile alla statuina archeologica. Il risultato finale è stata la creazione di un riassunto schematizzato delle azioni effettuate per la realizzazione della Venere Grande.
Impact of deep convection on the isotopic amount effect in tropical precipitation
Authors: Tharammal Thejna , Bala Govindasamy , Noone David 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe empirical “amount effect” observed in the distribution of stable water isotope ratios in tropical precipitation is used in several studies to reconstruct past precipitation. Recent observations suggest the importance of large‐scale organized convection systems on amount effect. With a series of experiments with Community Atmospheric Model version 3.0 with water isotope tracers, we quantify the sensitivity of amount effect to changes in modeled deep convection. The magnitude of the regression slope between long‐term monthly precipitation amount and isotope ratios in precipitation over tropical ocean reduces by more than 20% with a reduction in mean deep convective precipitation by about 60%, indicating a decline in fractionation efficiency. Reduced condensation in deep convective updrafts results in enrichment of lower level vapor with heavier isotope that causes enrichment in total precipitation. However, consequent increases in stratiform and shallow convective precipitation partially offset the reduction in the slope of amount effect. The net result is a reduced slope of amount effect in tropical regions except the tropical western Pacific, where the effects of enhanced large‐scale ascent and increased stratiform precipitation prevail over the influence of reduced deep convection. We also find that the isotope ratios in precipitation are improved over certain regions in the tropics with reduced deep convection, showing that analyses of isotope ratios in precipitation and water vapor are powerful tools to improve precipitation processes in convective parameterization schemes in climate models. Further, our study suggests that the precipitation types over a region can alter the fractionation efficiency of isotopes with implications for the reconstructions of past precipitation.
One‐Pot Synthesis of p‐Amino‐Substituted Unsymmetrical Benzils and Benzil Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Hongjin , Ren Xiangwei , Zhao Wentao , Tang Xiangyang , Wang Guangwei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn efficient iodine/copper(II) oxide co‐promoted direct oxidative coupling of anilines and methyl aryl ketones has been developed for the synthesis of p‐amino‐substituted unsymmetrical benzils and their iodo‐substituted derivatives. The chemoselectivity of the reactions can be easily controlled by adjusting the amount of iodine. This method exhibits good functional group tolerance for various substituents on the aromatic rings of the methyl aryl ketones. A possible mechanism for this reaction has been proposed based on control experiments. A couple of representative quinoxalines were synthesized from the benzil products in order to demonstrate the utility of this approach.magnified image
Schwarzer Phosphor neu entdeckt: vom Volumenmaterial zu Monoschichten
Authors: Gusmão Rui , Sofer Zdenek , Pumera Martin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPhosphor ist ein Nichtmetall mit mehreren Allotropen – vom hochreaktiven weißen Phosphor bis zum thermodynamisch stabilen schwarzen Phosphor (SP) mit gewellter orthorhombischer Schichtstruktur. Die Volumenform von SP wurde erstmals 1914 synthetisiert, wurde aber wenig beachtet, bis sie 2014 als Teil einer neuen Welle schichtartiger 2D‐Nanomaterialien wiederentdeckt wurde. SP kann zu einer Einzelschicht exfoliert werden, die eine halbleitende Struktur mit einstellbarer direkter Bandlücke, hoher Trägermobilität bei Raumtemperatur und Anisotropie innerhalb der Ebene aufweist. Allerdings ist oberflächenchemische Zersetzung ein Problem für die Entwicklung von SP‐Anwendungen, weshalb an der Passivierung von SP gearbeitet wird, z. B. über Integration in Van‐der‐Waals‐Heterostrukturen. Aktuell wird der Einsatz von SP als Nanomaterial in Batterien, Transistoren, Sensoren und in der Photonik geprüft. Der Aufsatz beginnt bei den Ursprüngen von SP und verfolgt dessen Weg von einem Volumenmaterial zu modernen Mehrfach‐/Monoschichten. Physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften werden zusammengefasst, und der Forschungsstand über Anwendungen von SP wird beleuchtet.
Real‐Time Monitoring of Nanoparticle Formation by FRET Imaging
Authors: Sanchez‐Gaytan Brenda L. , Fay François , Hak Sjoerd , Alaarg Amr , Fayad Zahi A. , Pérez‐Medina Carlos , Mulder Willem J. M. , Zhao Yiming 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the formation process of nanoparticles is of the utmost importance to improve their design and production. This especially holds true for self‐assembled nanoparticles whose formation processes have been largely overlooked. Herein, we present a new technology that integrates a microfluidic‐based nanoparticle synthesis method and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy imaging to visualize nanoparticle self‐assembly in real time. Applied to different nanoparticle systems, for example, nanoemulsions, drug‐loaded block‐copolymer micelles, and nanocrystal‐core reconstituted high‐density lipoproteins, we have shown the approach's unique ability to investigate key parameters affecting nanoparticle formation.
Synthesis of Optically Pure Helicene Metallocenes
Authors: Akiyama Midori , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTwo types of ruthenocenes and a ferrocene coordinated by rac‐9H‐cyclopenta[1,2‐c:4,3‐c′]diphenanthrenyl anion(s), a [7]helicene with a cyclopentadienyl moiety at the center of its skeleton, were successfully synthesized: mono‐helicene ruthenocene 1 and its iron analogue 1Fe with one [7]helicene ligand bound to the central metal, and bis‐helicene ruthenocene 2 with two [7]helicenes. Starting from a racemic mixture of the ligand precursor, rac‐2 and meso‐2 were obtained in a 7:3 ratio. Since the [7]helicene has a high racemization barrier, enantiomers of the complexes were isolated in their pure forms; they showed large optical rotations and intense circular dichroism (CD) responses.
Direct Syn Addition of Two Silicon Atoms to a C≡C Triple Bond by Si−Si Bond Activation: Access to Reactive Disilylated Olefins
Authors: Ahmad Maha , Gaumont Annie‐Claude , Durandetti Muriel , Maddaluno Jacques 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA catalytic intramolecular silapalladation of alkynes affords, in good yields and stereoselectively, syn‐disilylated heterocycles of different chemical structure and size. When applied to silylethers, this reaction leads to vinylic silanols that undergo a rhodium‐catalyzed addition to activated olefins, providing the oxa‐Heck or oxa‐Michael products, depending on the reaction conditions.
Cs2CO3‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Thiols with Phosphonates and Arenes
Authors: Song Song , Zhang Yiqun , Yeerlan Adeli , Zhu Bencong , Liu Jianzhong , Jiao Ning 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn efficient Cs2CO3‐catalyzed oxidative coupling of thiols with phosphonates and arenes that uses molecular oxygen as the oxidant is described. These reactions provide not only a novel alkali metal salt catalyzed aerobic oxidation, but also an efficient approach to thiophosphates and sulfenylarenes, which are ubiquitously found in pharmaceuticals and pesticides. The reaction proceeds under simple and mild reaction conditions, tolerates a wide range of functional groups, and is applicable to the late‐stage synthesis and modification of bioactive molecules.
Black Phosphorus Rediscovered: From Bulk Material to Monolayers
Authors: Gusmão Rui , Sofer Zdenek , Pumera Martin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPhosphorus is a nonmetal with several allotropes, from the highly reactive white phosphorus to the thermodynamically stable black phosphorus (BP) with a puckered orthorhombic layered structure. The bulk form of BP was first synthesized in 1914, but received little attention until it was rediscovered in 2014 as a member of the new wave of 2D layered nanomaterials. BP can be exfoliated to a single sheet that acts as a semiconductor with a tunable direct band gap, a high carrier mobility at room temperature, and an in‐plane anisotropy. The development of BP applications is hampered by surface degradation, thus efforts to achieve effective BP passivation are ongoing, such as its integration in van der Waals heterostructures. BP has been tested as a novel nanomaterial in batteries, transistors, sensors, and photonics. This Review begins with the origin of the BP story, following the path from a bulk material to modern few/single layers. The physical and chemical properties are summarized, and the state‐of‐the‐art of BP applications highlighted.
Synthesis of stable high hydroxyl content self‐emulsifying waterborne polyacrylate emulsion
Authors: Zhang Chao‐Ying , Zhu Zhe‐Wen , Gong Shu‐Ling 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe stability of hydroxyl polyacrylate emulsion was studied from two aspects of the structure of latex particles and polymerization conditions. Waterborne polyacrylate was prepared through seeded semicontinuous emulsion polymerization method with pre‐emulsification process. HEMA was used to provide a high content of hydroxyl group, and the reactive emulsifier SE‐10 was introduced to substitute for the traditional emulsifier. The best conditions including polymerization process and temperature, monomer types and dropping time were determined, and the effects of emulsifier content and addition method, HEMA content, chain transfer agent content, and soft/hard monomer ratio on the properties of emulsion were investigated. Through the optimization of polymerization conditions and the control of the structure of particles, we have successfully synthesized the core‐shell structure of polyacrylate emulsion with a good appearance, low viscosity and a solid content of 46.5%. The hydroxyl polyacrylate exhibits good performance, which has great potential in development and application. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44844.
Practical Synthesis of Chromeno[2,3‐b]indole Skeleton via an Aldehyde Group Insertion/Aromatization Strategy
Authors: Liu Jianming , Liu Na , Yue Yuanyuan , Wang Yanyan , Chen Kaige , Zhang Jia , Zhao Shufang , Zhuo Kelei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of chromeno[2,3‐b]indole from simple starting materials remains a demanding process. Herein, 2‐bromoindole undergoes nucleophilic attack from salicylaldehyde, followed by intramolecular insertion of an aldehyde group and aromatization to generate the desired chromeno[2,3‐b]indoles. Moreover, various functional groups were tolerated and a gram‐scale synthesis of the product could be achieved under the optimized condition.
Improvement of ethanol production from crystalline cellulose via optimizing cellulase ratios in cellulolytic Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Inokuma Kentaro , Ho Shih‐Hsin , den Haan Riaan , van Zyl Willem H. , Hasunuma Tomohisa , Kondo Akihiko 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTCrystalline cellulose is one of the major contributors to the recalcitrance of lignocellulose to degradation, necessitating high dosages of cellulase to digest, thereby impeding the economic feasibility of cellulosic biofuels. Several recombinant cellulolytic yeast strains have been developed to reduce the cost of enzyme addition, but few of these strains are able to efficiently degrade crystalline cellulose due to their low cellulolytic activities. Here, by combining the cellulase ratio optimization with a novel screening strategy, we successfully improved the cellulolytic activity of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain displaying four different synergistic cellulases on the cell surface. The optimized strain exhibited an ethanol yield from Avicel of 57% of the theoretical maximum, and a 60% increase of ethanol titer from rice straw. To our knowledge, this work is the first optimization of the degradation of crystalline cellulose by tuning the cellulase ratio in a cellulase cell‐surface display system. This work provides key insights in engineering the cellulase cocktail in a consolidated bioprocessing yeast strain. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1201–1207. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.