bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Voluntary Nature of Decision‐Making in Addiction: Static Metaphysical Views Versus Epistemologically Dynamic Views
Authors: Racine Eric , Rousseau‐Lesage Simon 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe degree of autonomy present in the choices made by individuals with an addiction, notably in the context of research, is unclear and debated. Some have argued that addiction, as it is commonly understood, prevents people from having sufficient decision‐making capacity or self‐control to engage in choices involving substances to which they have an addiction. Others have criticized this position for being too radical and have counter‐argued in favour of the full autonomy of people with an addiction. Aligning ourselves with middle‐ground positions between these two extremes, we flesh out an account of voluntary action that makes room for finer‐grained analyses than the proposed all‐or‐nothing stances, which rely on a rather static metaphysical understanding of the nature of the voluntariness of action. In contrast, a dynamic concept of voluntary action better accounts for varying levels of voluntariness of the person with an addiction which takes into consideration internal (e.g. cravings) and external (e.g. perceptions of degrees of freedom related to different options) determinants of choice. Accordingly, like other components of autonomous choices such as level of information, voluntariness can fluctuate. Therefore, there are important implications for research and clinical ethics in matters of consent, recruitment, and therapeutic approaches. Overall, our proposal is inspired by a pragmatist understanding of voluntary action, notably with respect to how voluntariness is both informed by actions and experiences that shape one's view of the world.
The timing and consequences of the blockage of the Humber Gap by the last British−Irish Ice Sheet
Authors: Bateman Mark D. , Evans David J. A. , Roberts David H. , Medialdea Alicia , Ely Jeremy , Clark Chris D. 
Published: May 2017

The eastern England terrestrial glacial sequences are critical to the spatial and temporal reconstruction of the last British−Irish Ice sheet (BIIS). Understanding glacial behaviour in the area of the Humber Gap is key as its blockage by ice created extensive proglacial lakes. This paper maps the glacial geomorphology of the Humber Gap region to establish for the first time the extent and thickness of the North Sea Lobe (NSL) of the BIIS. Findings establish the westerly maximal limit of the NSL. Ten new luminescence ages from across the region show the initial Skipsea Till advance to the maximal limits occurred regionally at c. 21.6 ka (Stage 1) and retreated off‐shore c. 18 ka (Stage 2). Punctuated retreat is evident in the south of the region whilst to the immediate north retreat was initially rapid before a series of near synchronous ice advances (including the Withernsea Till advance) occurred at c. 16.8 ka (Stage 3). Full withdrawal of BIIS ice occurred prior to c. 15 ka (Stage 4). Geomorphic mapping and stratigraphy confirms the existence of a proto Lake Humber prior to Stage 1, which persisted to Stage 3 expanding eastward as the NSL ice retreated. It appears that proglacial lakes formed wherever the NSL encountered low topography and reverse gradients during both phases of both advance and retreat. These lakes may in part help explain the dynamism of parts of the NSL, as they initiated ice draw down and associated streaming/surging. The above record of ice‐dammed lakes provides an analogue for now off‐shore parts of the BIIS where it advanced as a number of asynchronous lowland lobes.
Logging and indigenous hunting impacts on persistence of large Neotropical animals
Authors: Roopsind Anand , Caughlin T. Trevor , Sambhu Hemchandranauth , Fragoso Jose M. V. , Putz Francis E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAreas allocated for industrial logging and community‐owned forests account for over 50% of all remaining tropical forests. Landscape‐scale conservation strategies that include these forests are expected to have substantial benefits for biodiversity, especially for large mammals and birds that require extensive habitat but that are susceptible to extirpation due to synergies between logging and hunting. In addition, their responses to logging alone are poorly understood due to their cryptic behavior and low densities. In this study, we assessed the effects of logging and hunting on detection and occupancy rates of large vertebrates in a multiple‐use forest on the Guiana Shield. Our study site was certified as being responsibly managed for timber production and indigenous communities are legally guaranteed use‐rights to the forest. We coupled camera‐trap data for wildlife detection with a spatially explicit dataset on indigenous hunting. A multi‐species occupancy model found a weak positive effect of logging on occupancy and detection rates, while hunting had a weak negative effect. Model predictions of species richness were also higher in logged forest sites compared to unlogged forest sites. Density estimates for jaguars and ocelots in our multiple‐use area were similar to estimates reported for fully protected areas. Involvement of local communities in forest management, control of forest access, and nesting production forests in a landscape that includes protected areas seemed important for these positive biodiversity outcomes. The maintenance of vertebrate species bodes well for both biodiversity and the humans that depend on multiple‐use forests.
A space of safety: Children's experience of equine‐assisted group therapy
Authors: Dunlop Katie , Tsantefski Menka 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOwing to a shift in alcohol and other drug practice towards a more ecological understanding of the impact of problematic parental substance use, children who were previously forgotten by practitioners are increasingly being included in alcohol and other drug service provision. Occurring concurrently with these changes has been a boom in interest in non‐talk‐based therapies to enhance child well‐being. Examples of such therapeutic interventions include adventure‐based activities, theatre, yoga, music, and purposeful interaction with animals. The latter approach, increasingly delivered by social workers, is known as animal‐assisted therapy and involves the inclusion of animals in a goal‐directed intervention. Equine‐assisted therapy (EAT) is a specialised branch of animal‐assisted therapy in which horses are used to cofacilitate therapeutic interventions. Although EAT practitioners argue horses are uniquely effective therapeutic animals, a strong evidence base has not yet developed. The present study utilised qualitative methods to explore children's individual experiences of an EAT program. Thematic analysis of interview data found that EAT is beneficial to children experiencing problematic parental substance use as it offers an environment in which children can feel safe and secure and are supported to grow, personally and socially, by mastering fears, making new friends, and improving their interpersonal behaviours.
Prospective randomized trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy during the ‘wait period’ following preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer: results of the WAIT trial
Authors: Moore J. , Price T. , Carruthers S. , Selva‐Nayagam S. , Luck A. , Thomas M. , Hewett P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThe aim was to determine whether the addition of additional cycles of chemotherapy during the ‘wait period’ following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer improves the pathological complete response (pCR) rate.MethodRectal cancer patients were randomly allocated either to a standard 10 week wait period before surgery (standard chemoradiotherapy, SCRT) or to receive three cycles of fluorouracil based chemotherapy following chemoradiotherapy during a similar 10 week wait (extended chemoradiotherapy, XCRT). The primary end‐point was pCR as determined by blinded pathological assessment.ResultsForty‐nine patients were randomized (SCRTn = 24, XCRTn = 25). pCR occurred in 10 patients overall but there was no significant difference in pCR between the groups (SCRTn = 6, XCRTn = 4, P = 0.49).ConclusionThe addition of three cycles of 5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin in a 10 week wait period after conventional chemoradiotherapy seems to result in similar pCR rates in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer based on this small randomized trial.
The Interactive Origin of Iconicity
Authors: Tamariz Mónica , Roberts Seán G. , Martínez J. Isidro , Santiago Julio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe investigate the emergence of iconicity, specifically a bouba‐kiki effect in miniature artificial languages under different functional constraints: when the languages are reproduced and when they are used communicatively. We ran transmission chains of (a) participant dyads who played an interactive communicative game and (b) individual participants who played a matched learning game. An analysis of the languages over six generations in an iterated learning experiment revealed that in the Communication condition, but not in the Reproduction condition, words for spiky shapes tend to be rated by naive judges as more spiky than the words for round shapes. This suggests that iconicity may not only be the outcome of innovations introduced by individuals, but, crucially, the result of interlocutor negotiation of new communicative conventions. We interpret our results as an illustration of cultural evolution by random mutation and selection (as opposed to by guided variation).
Diabetes mellitus and risk of early‐onset Alzheimer's disease: a population‐based case–control study
Authors: Kadohara K. , Sato I. , Kawakami K. 
Published: May 2017

Background and purposePrevious studies have reported that diabetes is a risk factor for both all‐cause and vascular dementia; however, diabetes as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains controversial. Therefore, the aim was to elucidate the association between diabetes and early‐onset AD.MethodsA case–control study was conducted using a population‐based database that included medical and pharmacy claims and insurance eligibility data, from beneficiaries of corporate employees and their dependent family members. Cases were aged 40–64 years and were first prescribed medications for AD between 2005 and 2016. Up to four controls matched for age, sex and hospital type were included for each case. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression and compared between the sexes.ResultsData from 371 patients with AD (mean age 56.3 ± 5.3 years; 48% female) and 1484 controls were analyzed. Use of antidepressants, antipsychotics and antithrombotics during the index month was higher amongst patients with AD (19.4%, 34.5% and 11.3%, respectively) than amongst controls (2.9%, 10.3% and 7.3%, respectively). Our findings suggest no evidence for an association between diabetes and risk of early‐onset AD (adjusted odds ratio 1.31; 95% confidence interval 0.90–1.92). In the subgroup analyses, adjusted odds ratios in patients with diabetes were 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.38–1.39) and 1.68 (95% confidence interval 1.06–2.67) for female and male patients, respectively.ConclusionsThere is no apparent association between diabetes and risk of early‐onset AD in the total study population, although a weak association was observed amongst male patients.
Aristotle as an ichthyologist: Exploring Aegean fish diversity 2,400 years ago
Authors: Ganias Kostas , Mezarli Charikleia , Voultsiadou Eleni 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn an attempt to trace the origins of the science of ichthyology, we studied Aristotle's zoological works (21 books in total), aiming to give an exhaustive catalogue of his fishes, suitable for use by modern marine biologists, and to evaluate the great philosopher's knowledge of fish biology. Our investigation yielded 135 ichthyonyms used to describe 109 individual fish taxa (13 fishes had multiple names) and 12 terms that corresponded either to fish developmental stages or behavioural patterns. Because of the variable amount of information given in the texts, 54 fishes were identified to species or genus level, 24 fishes to higher categories (family, order), 27 fishes could only be classified as Actinopterygii or Elasmobranchii, while four could not be classified at all. Among the most easily recognizable fishes were Lophius spp., Conger conger, Muraena helena, Anguilla anguilla and Mugil cephalus. The latter two and the tunas (Τhunnus spp.) were the most frequently recorded fishes. Aristotle's inquiry was not limited or focused on fish that were of human interest, but he also reported or described species that fascinated him by their peculiar life history. He was interested in a wide array of aspects of fish biology ranging from body structure and function, reproduction and development to fish feeding habits, migrations and diseases. As evidenced by his work, Aristotle should be considered the first ichthyologist, preoccupied with the zoological, scientific study of fish, and a review of his writings can prove useful for current ichthyological research.
Unraveling the importance of the malaria parasite helicases
Authors: Tuteja Renu 
Published: May 2017

Malaria is a human parasitic disease caused by infection from Plasmodium species, particularly Plasmodium falciparum. Each year millions of people are infected with malaria and large numbers of deaths result due to this deadly infection. P. falciparum contains 14 chromosomes, nearly 5400 genes and a multistage life cycle in humans and mosquitoes. The control of malaria is still a challenge as the parasite is continuously developing resistance to available antimalarial drugs and the mosquito vector is developing resistance to insecticides. The availability of P. falciparum genome has resulted in the identification of parasite‐specific proteins that can be targeted without harmful effects to the human host. Toward this goal, we have been working on the identification and characterization of helicases in order to find parasite‐specific helicases, which can be used as novel drug targets to tackle the rising problem of drug resistance. Helicases are ATP‐dependent nucleic acid unwinding enzymes. The P. falciparum genome analysis depicts that it contains some parasite‐specific helicases and homologs to most of the human helicases. Here, we present an overview of P. falciparum helicases and their importance in parasite growth and survival.
Introduction: Special Issue on Anti‐Slavery and Australia
Authors: Paisley Fiona 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis introduction sets out several of the key themes for this special issue, including new ways of thinking about histories of humanitarianism and empire, and humanitarian campaigns concerned with Aboriginal conditions in settler colonial Australia from the mid‐19th to the present day. This special issue brings new work together investigating two high points in imperial and international humanitarianism – the Abolition and League of Nations eras – and poses the question of how and why these pasts still echo in relation to the representation of ‘new slaveries’ in the present.
Antislavery, elite men, and the “voice of the British nation:” c.1790–1860
Authors: Morecroft Eleanor 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the late 18th and 19th centuries, antislavery and other humanitarian writers often defined their views as “the voice of the British nation”. To be allied with this metaphorical “voice” vouchsafed moral authority to elite men whose position as “natural” rulers was, in an age of reform, being challenged. Touching upon issues across a 70‐year period, with particular focus on the 1830s and 40s, this essay develops this theme through the examples of Charles, George, and William Napier: aristocratic military officers who spoke or wrote in support of antislavery and against the ill treatment of indigenous peoples in India, Australia, and South Africa. Their attitudes fed into their own senses of self, moral authority, class consciousness, and nationhood, as well as how their public selves would be represented by others. The history of antislavery provides a beneficial lens through which masculine ideals, and the use of reformism to reinforce elite men's power in nation and empire, can be better understood. This approach resonates with scholarship that has sought to integrate antislavery with broader metropolitan and colonial themes.
High burden of metabolic comorbidities in a citywide cohort of HIV outpatients: evolving health care needs of people aging with HIV in Washington, DC
Authors: Levy ME , Greenberg AE , Hart R , Powers Happ L , Hadigan C , Castel A ,   the DC Cohort Executive Committee
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesWith the increasing impact of cardiovascular disease among populations aging with HIV, contemporary prevalence estimates for predisposing metabolic comorbidities will be important for guiding the provision of relevant lifestyle and pharmacological interventions. We estimated the citywide prevalence of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and obesity; examined differences by demographic subgroups; and assessed clinical correlates.MethodsUtilizing an electronic medical record (EMR) database from the DC Cohort study – a multicentre prospective cohort study of HIV‐infected outpatients – we assessed the period prevalence of metabolic comorbidities between 2011 and 2015 using composite definitions that incorporated diagnoses, pharmacy records, and clinical/laboratory results.ResultsOf 7018 adult patients (median age 50 years; 77% black), 50% [95% confidence interval (CI) 49–51] had hypertension, 13% (95% CI: 12–14) had diabetes, 48% (95% CI: 47–49) had dyslipidaemia, and 35% (95% CI: 34–36) had obesity. Hypertension was more prevalent among black patients, diabetes and obesity were more prevalent among female and black patients, dyslipidaemia was more prevalent among male and white patients, and comorbidities were more prevalent among older patients (all P < 0.001). For many patients, evidence of treatment for these comorbidities was not available in the EMR. Longer time since HIV diagnosis, greater duration of antiretroviral treatment, and having controlled immunovirological parameters were associated with metabolic comorbidities.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the pervasive burden of metabolic comorbidities among HIV‐infected persons, serve as the basis for future analyses characterizing their impact on subsequent adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and highlight the need for an increased focus on the prevention and control of comorbid complications in this population.
Bibliometrics in glass and other sciences: A Plea for reason
Authors: Montazerian Maziar , Zanotto Edgar Dutra , Eckert Hellmut 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe show a scientometric analysis for glass researchers and compare it with those for researchers in two fashionable research topics, representing the science‐push area “graphene” and the market‐pull area “lithium ion battery (LIB)”. We also present similar statistics for two widely different macro fields, “materials science” (which contains the other three) and “mathematics”. While productivity (number of published articles) of a researcher and his/her H‐index are found to be correlated, these correlations are very different for different research fields, depending on their size, fragmentation, interdisciplinarity, and on the community's publication and citation culture. We also explore the correlation between citation statistics and scientific quality and find it to be elusive. While certain bibliometric indexes indeed indicate how active, prolific, and visible a researcher (or a research group) is, we argue that quality—evaluated by the originality, strength, reproducibility and relevance of the findings of a researcher's publications (as judged by peer review)—is much more important than the number of published articles and citations, and this is where efforts must be concentrated by researchers and evaluating bodies.
Effect of precooking and polyphosphate treatment on the quality of catfish fillets cooked in pouch in boiling water
Authors: Li Carissa H. , Bland John M. , Bechtel Peter J. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryCooking or reheating food in a vacuum‐sealed bag has been a common method of preparing vegetables, meats and poultry products. However, there are very few examples of vacuum‐sealed bags designed for cooking catfish fillets. The objective was to examine properties of raw frozen and precooked frozen catfish fillets that were cooked in a vacuum‐sealed pouch in boiling water. The effect of a commercial polyphosphate blend (IQF) on product properties was also evaluated. Sample analyses included weight loss, proximate content, colour (CIE L*a*b*), pH, mechanical texture and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) measurements. Both raw frozen and precooked frozen IQF fillets showed a significantly lower per cent moisture loss after cooking, of less than 2.7% relative to the fillets without polyphosphate (6.2–7.4%). Colour analysis showed a significantly higher b*(C) (yellowness) value for fillets without polyphosphate. Similar texture properties were observed between cooking treatments, with a harder texture (~1.3–1.7 times) determined for fillets without polyphosphate.
Effect of gelatin/agar bilayer film incorporated with TiO2 nanoparticles as a UV absorbent on fish oil photooxidation
Authors: Vejdan Akbar , Ojagh Seyed Mahdi , Abdollahi Mehdi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis research evaluated the effect of gelatin/agar bilayer film and nanocomposites containing different concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles (0.5%, 1% and 2%) as ultraviolet (UV) and oxygen barriers on the oxidative stability of fish oil. Samples of fish oil covered with the bilayer films were stored under UV light or in darkness and with or without lids at 18 °C for 12 days. Oil quality in terms of peroxide values (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), conjugated diene (CD), fatty acids profile and colour change (∆E) was monitored during storage. Fish oil photooxidation was hindered by increasing TiO2 concentration, so that nanocomposite containing 2% of the nanoparticles could control photooxidation, similar to the samples stored in darkness. Furthermore, upon studying both photooxidation and autoxidation, the highest amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as well as the lowest amount of changes in PV, TBA, CD and ∆E, were observed in oils covered with the nanocomposites.
Preparation and characterisation of glyceollin‐enriched soya bean protein using solid‐state fermentation
Authors: Chen Yan‐Qiong , Su Hua‐Jia , Ouyang Ying , Wang Jin‐Mei , Yang Xiao‐Quan , Hu Wen‐Feng 
Published: May 2017

SummaryGlyceollins, stress‐induced phytoalexins from parent soya bean isoflavones, were elicited with Aspergillus oryzae. This solid‐state fermentation facilitated the conversion of isoflavone glycosides into aglycones and glyceollins, which could mainly enrich in soya bean protein isolate (SPI) during protein preparation due to protein–polyphenol interactions. Glyceollin‐enriched SPI exhibited less flavour volatiles, higher solubility, lower whiteness and higher antioxidant activity than unfermented SPI. Fermented SPI was more easily to be digested during in vitro pepsin–trypsin digestion. This may be attributed to partial degradation of protein, especially α′ and α subunits of β‐conglycinin and acidic subunit of glycinin. The antioxidant activity of digestive products derived from fermented SPI was obviously enhanced with increasing digestion time due to simultaneous release of antioxidant peptides and glyceollins involved in the interior of protein molecule. These results suggest an effective technique for producing a nutrient‐enhanced SPI as novel functional ingredients applied in food industry.