bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deconvolution of subcellular protrusion heterogeneity and the underlying actin regulator dynamics from live cell imaging
Authors: Wang Chuangqi , Choi Hee June , Kim Sung-Jin , Desai Aesha , Lee Namgyu , Kim Dohoon , Bae Yongho , Lee Kwonmoo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCell protrusion is morphodynamically heterogeneous at the subcellular level. However, the mechanistic understanding of protrusion activities is usually based on the ensemble average of actin regulator dynamics at the cellular or population levels. Here, we establish a machine learning-based computational framework called HACKS (deconvolution of Heterogeneous Activity Coordination in cytosKeleton at a Subcellular level) to deconvolve the subcellular heterogeneity of lamellipodial protrusion in migrating cells. HACKS quantitatively identifies distinct subcellular protrusion phenotypes from highly heterogeneous protrusion activities and reveals their underlying actin regulator dynamics at the leading edge. Furthermore, it can identify specific subcellular protrusion phenotypes susceptible to pharmacological perturbation and reveal how actin regulator dynamics are changed by the perturbation. Using our method, we discovered ‘accelerating’ protrusion phenotype in addition to ‘fluctuating’ and ‘periodic’ protrusions. Intriguingly, the accelerating protrusion was driven by the temporally coordinated actions between Arp2/3 and VASP: initiated by Arp2/3-mediated actin nucleation, and then accelerated by VASP-mediated actin elongation. We were able to confirm it by pharmacological perturbations using CK666 and Cytochalasin D, which specifically reduced ‘strong accelerating protrusion’ activities. Taken together, we have demonstrated that HACKS allows us to discover the fine differential coordination of molecular dynamics underlying subcellular protrusion heterogeneity via a machine learning analysis of live cell imaging data.
Smoothed profile method and its applications in VIV
Authors: Xie Fangfang , Pan Dingyi , Zheng Yao , Zou Jianfeng 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a partitioned approach by coupling the smoothed profile method (SPM) and the Euler tension beam model in simulating a vortex-induced vibration of both rigid and flexible cylinders at various reduced velocities.

Design/methodology/approach
For the fluid part, SPM in the framework of the spectral element method is adopted to simulate the flow. The advantage of SPM lies in modelling multiple complex shapes as it uses a fixed computational mesh without conformation to the geometry of the particles. For the structure part, an elastic-mounted rigid cylinder is considered in two-dimensional (2D) simulations, while a flexible cylinder with a Euler tension beam model is used in three-dimensional simulations.

Findings
Firstly, in the flow past a freely vibrating cylinder, the maximum vibration responses of the cylinder are about 0.73D and 0.1D in the y and x directions, respectively, which occur at the point Ur = 5.75 and are much higher than Ur = 5 in 2D simulations. It is found that the numerical results from the SPM solver are very consistent with those from the NEKTAR-Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian method (NEKTAR-ALE) solver or the NEKTAR-Fourier solver. Furthermore, the flow past the tandem cylinders is also investigated, where the upstream cylinder is static while the downstream one is free to vibrate. Specifically, the beating behaviour is captured from the vibration response of the freely vibrating cylinder under the reduced velocity of Ur = 6 with a gap distance of L = 3.5D.

Originality/value
The originality of the paper lies in coupling the SEM with the Euler beam model in simulating the vortex induced vibration (VIV) of flexible cylinders.
‘We Will End Up Being a Third Rate Economy … A Banana Republic’: How Behavioural Economics Can Improve Macroeconomic Outcomes
Authors: McDonald Ian M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo address the economic problems facing Australia in 1986 required wage restraint, which required in turn overcoming loss aversion by workers with respect to their wages. The Prices and Incomes Accord was able to do this. Attempts to address Australia's current economic problems are stymied by tax resistance. Addressing tax resistance requires overcoming loss aversion by voters with respect to their post‐tax incomes. The success of the Accord suggests that Accord‐type policies could reduce tax resistance by broadening people's perspective beyond their post‐tax incomes to the broader spread of benefits for them and others.
The Optimal Threshold for GST on Imported Goods
Authors: Creedy John 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article examines the determination of the optimal threshold value for goods and services tax (GST) for imported units arising from Internet orders. The concept of an optimal threshold is wider than simply the maximisation of revenue net of administrative costs. At the optimal threshold, the marginal cost of funds from GST is equated to the ratio of the marginal value of public funds to their marginal social value, reflecting the value judgements of a decision‐maker. The marginal cost of funds allows both for compliance costs and the marginal excess burden arising from a small increase in the threshold. Illustrative numerical values are reported, showing the sensitivity to administrative costs, the demand elasticity and, importantly, value judgements.
Housing First: Lessons from the United States and Challenges for Australia
Authors: Kertesz Stefan G. , Johnson Guy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEfforts to end long‐term homelessness have embraced a Housing First approach. Housing First emphasises rapid placement of clients into independent, permanent accommodation and eschews traditionally favoured requirements that clients demonstrate sobriety or success in treatment programs prior to being offered housing. Although housing retention rates are superior to those obtained from traditional programs, some claims made on behalf of the Housing First approach remain controversial. The present article reviews results from Housing First research to date, as well as challenges and concerns that remain in regard to clinical outcomes, fidelity of implementation and application in the Australian context.
A Statistical Method for Reassociating Human Tali and Calcanei from a Commingled Context
Authors: Anastopoulou Ioanna , Karakostis Fotios A. , Borrini Matteo , Moraitis Konstantinos 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn a commingled context, assessing that a talus and a calcaneus correspond to the same individual could become a primary step for accurately sorting human remains. For this purpose, the lengths and widths of the trochlea, posterior calcaneal articular surface, and posterior talar articular surface were measured in 197 individuals (105 males, 92 females) from the Athens Collection. A total of 12 highly accurate equations for reassociating tali and calcanei were developed, using simple and multiple linear regression analysis and they were found to be suitable for sorting commingled human remains. Bilateral asymmetry and sex did not have an effect on the accuracy of the method.
Atypical intraductal proliferation and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate on core needle biopsy: a comparative clinicopathological and molecular study with a proposal to expand the morphological spectrum of intraductal carcinoma
Authors: Shah Rajal B , Yoon Jiyoon , Liu Gang , Tian Wei 
Published: June 2017

AimsAtypical intraductal proliferation (AIP) of the prostate is histologically worse than high‐grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia, but lacks the diagnostic criteria of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC‐P). The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics (ERG overexpression and PTEN loss) of AIP and IDC‐P in core needle biopsies.Methods and resultsOne hundred and six [84 (5.6%) of 1480 consecutive and 22 retrospectively collected] cases met the criteria: AIP only (2.4%), IDC‐P only (1.3%), and IDC‐P coexisting with AIP (2%). Invasive adenocarcinoma [prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa)] was present in 96% and 97% cases of AIP and IDC‐P, respectively. The mean number of glands/focus and the largest gland diameter for AIP and IDC‐P were 7.6 (range, 2–27) and 11.7 (range, 1–51), and 0.59 mm (range, 0.2–1.1 mm) and 0.75 mm (range, 0.2–1.8 mm), respectively. For AIP, loose cribriform architecture was the most common (93%) morphology. IDC‐P‐associated PCa had more aggressive pathology, including the highest combined Gleason score (GS), high‐grade GS ≥ 4 + 3, and largest percentage involvement of core by PCa and percentage positive cores, than AIP‐associated PCa (P < 0.05). Within the AIP group, ERG status and PTEN status were similar to those of adjacent PCa in 97% and 88% of cases, respectively. Within the IDC‐P group, ERG status and PTEN status were similar among IDC‐P, AIP and PCa in 96% and 91% of cases, respectively. PTEN loss was frequently heterogeneous in PCa, and localized adjacent to AIP or IDC‐P.ConclusionsAIP represents a lower‐grade morphological spectrum of IDC‐P, associated with intermediate‐risk PCa. Patients with only AIP need an immediate repeat biopsy to rule out clinically significant PCa.
Lysyl oxidase‐mediated VEGF‐induced differentiation and angiogenesis in human dental pulp cells
Authors: Bae W‐J. , Yi J‐K. , Park J. , Kang S‐K. , Jang J‐H. , Kim E‐C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF) on odontoblastic differentiation, in vitro angiogenesis, and expression and activity of lysyl oxidase (LOX) in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs), compared with rhFGF‐2. To identify the underlying molecular mechanisms, the study focused on whether LOX was responsible for the actions of rhVEGF.MethodologyRecombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF) was constructed using the pBAD‐HisA plasmid in Escherichia coli. HDPCs were treated with 1–50 μg mL−1 rhVEGF for 14 days. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured, and the formation of calcified nodules was assessed using alizarin red staining after the induction of odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs. The expression level of the odontogenic differentiation markers was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Signal pathways were assessed by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. The data were analysed by anova with Bonferroni's test (α = 0.05).ResultsRecombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor significantly increased cell growth (P < 0.05), ALP activity (P < 0.05) and mineralization nodule formation and upregulated the mRNA expression levels of the osteogenic/odontogenic markers that were lower with rhFGF‐2. rhVEGF significantly increased amine oxidase activity (P < 0.05) and upregulated LOX and LOXL mRNA expression in HDPCs. Additionally, rhVEGF dose‐dependently upregulated angiogenic gene mRNAs and capillary tube formation to a greater degree than rhFGF‐2. Inhibition of LOX using β‐aminopropionitrile (BAPN) and LOX or LOXL gene silencing by RNA interference attenuated rhVEGF‐induced growth, ALP activity, mineralization, the expression of marker mRNAs and in vitro angiogenesis. Furthermore, treatment with rhVEGF resulted in phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, JNK and p38, and activation of NF‐κB, which was inhibited by LOX or LOXL silencing and BAPN.ConclusionRecombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor promoted cell growth, odontogenic potential and in vitro angiogenesis via modulation of LOX expression. These results support the concept that rhVEGF may offer therapeutic benefits in regenerative endodontics.
Age of onset of disease in subjects with severe periodontitis: A 9‐ to 34‐year retrospective study
Authors: Thorbert‐Mros Sara , Cassel Björn , Berglundh Tord 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThe aim was to retrospectively assess the age of onset of disease in a group of patients, 30‐45 years of age, diagnosed with severe, generalised periodontitis.Material & methodsSeventy‐four patients agreed to be part of the study. Patient files and radiographs of 42 patients were retrieved from >80 private and public dental clinics. Interproximal sites in radiographs presenting with identifiable cement‐enamel junction (CEJ) and alveolar bone crest (BC) were analysed. The distance between CEJ and BC was measured, and two thresholds were used; ≥3 mm and ≥5 mm. The lowest patient age at which a radiographic examination revealed a CEJ‐BC distance of ≥3 mm (F3) and ≥5 mm (F5) at any site was recorded. Similarly, the highest patient age at which a radiographic examination revealed absence of sites with CEJ‐BC ≥3 mm (L0) was assessed.ResultsComplete sets of radiographs including periods prior to periodontal breakdown (L0) and disease stages F3, F5 and at recruitment were retrieved in 19 patients. Onset of disease, that is, the interval between L0 and F3, occurred on the average between 22.3 and 28.1 years of age and sites exhibiting severe bone loss (F5) were detected at the age of about 32.4 years.ConclusionSevere, generalised periodontitis in 30‐ to 45‐year‐old subjects of the current sample commenced mainly between 22 and 28 years of age.
A New Statistic for Detection of Aberrant Answer Changes
Authors: Sinharay Sandip , Duong Minh Q. , Wood Scott W. 
Published: June 2017

As noted by Fremer and Olson, analysis of answer changes is often used to investigate testing irregularities because the analysis is readily performed and has proven its value in practice. Researchers such as Belov, Sinharay and Johnson, van der Linden and Jeon, van der Linden and Lewis, and Wollack, Cohen, and Eckerly have suggested several statistics for detection of aberrant answer changes. This article suggests a new statistic that is based on the likelihood ratio test. An advantage of the new statistic is that it follows the standard normal distribution under the null hypothesis of no aberrant answer changes. It is demonstrated in a detailed simulation study that the Type I error rate of the new statistic is very close to the nominal level and the power of the new statistic is satisfactory in comparison to those of several existing statistics for detecting aberrant answer changes. The new statistic and several existing statistics were shown to provide useful information for a real data set. Given the increasing interest in analysis of answer changes, the new statistic promises to be useful to measurement practitioners.
Long‐term fertilizer regimes have both direct and indirect effects on arthropod community composition and feeding guilds
Authors: Evans E. C. , Sanderson R. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractVegetation species composition and structure are known to affect taxonomic composition and life‐history characteristics of arthropod communities. Soil conditions alter vegetation composition and structure, and thus, soils have indirect effects on arthropods. Whilst grassland management affects soil properties, and hence vegetation, the direct effects of soil on arthropod communities within the sward are less clear. We used a long‐term hay meadow experiment to assess both direct and indirect effects of various fertilizer regimes on arthropod community composition and feeding guilds. Arthropods were sampled via pitfall traps and sweep nets and then analysed using principal components and redundancy analyses (RDA) to determine relationships between soil properties, vegetation community, forage quality and arthropod community. Vegetation community composition, measured by the first vegetation principal component, was used as a constraining variable in partial RDA, to estimate direct effects of soil on the arthropods. Variance partitioning quantified the relative roles of vegetation and soil on the arthropod community. Our results indicate that available soil nitrogen and carbon–nitrogen ratios are important determinants of arthropod community composition. Once the effects of the vegetation were removed, it was found the soil acidity and the available potassium altered arthropod community composition. Further research is required to determine the mechanisms by which these soil properties affect arthropod communities.
Suitability assessment of three Trichogramma species in the control of Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Huang J. , Hua H.‐Q. , Zhang F. , Li Y.‐X. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMythimna separata (Walker) is a serious cosmopolitan pest. Trichogramma species have been used worldwide as biological control agents of lepidopteran pests. However, no data on the control efficiency of Trichogramma species on this pest have been reported. We evaluated the suitability of M. separata eggs for three Trichogramma species, Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, T. ostriniae Pang et Chen and T. japonicum Ashmead, and compared the suitability with that of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) eggs. The parasitism rate, development time, emergence rate, female proportion, body size and egg load of female offspring indicated that the M. separata egg is a suitable host for the three Trichogramma species. On the other hand, the non‐emergence rate and the relationship between egg load and body size reflected that M. separata eggs are less suitable for the three Trichogramma species than C. cephalonica eggs. Egg resorption occurred in T. japonicum 4 days after emergence.
Sexual Minority Stress and Same‐Sex Relationship Well‐being: A Meta‐analysis of Research Prior to the U.S. Nationwide Legalization of Same‐Sex Marriage
Authors: Cao Hongjian , Zhou Nan , Fine Mark , Liang Yue , Li Jiayao , Mills‐Koonce W. Roger 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMeta‐analytic methods were used to analyze 179 effect sizes retrieved from 32 research reports on the implications that sexual minority stress may have for same‐sex relationship well‐being. Sexual minority stress (aggregated across different types of stress) is moderately and negatively associated with same‐sex relationship well‐being (aggregated across different dimensions of relationship well‐being). Internalized homophobia is significantly and negatively associated with same‐sex relationship well‐being, whereas heterosexist discrimination and sexual orientation visibility management are not. Moreover, the effect size for internalized homophobia is significantly larger than those for heterosexist discrimination and sexual orientation visibility management. Sexual minority stress is significantly and negatively associated with same‐sex relationship quality but not associated with closeness or stability. Sexual minority stress is significantly and negatively associated with relationship well‐being among same‐sex female couples but not among same‐sex male couples. The current status of research approaches in this field is also summarized and discussed.
Effect of iron supplementation in children with breath holding spells
Authors: Jain Rahul , Omanakuttan Divin , Singh Amitabh , Jajoo Mamta 
Published: June 2017

AimThe aim of this study was to analyse the effect of iron supplementation in children with breath holding spells, irrespective of their iron status and study the factors associated with the response.MethodsThis was a prospective interventional study. Study population comprised of patients aged 6–36 months, attending a paediatric outpatient department with recurrent episodes (more than three in last 4 weeks) of breath holding spells. Children with loss of consciousness or convulsive movements associated with breath holding spells were considered as severe. After baseline investigations, all enrolled patients were given elemental iron at the dose of 3 mg/kg/day as a single daily dose. Four weekly follow‐ups were done until 3 months after initiation of the intervention. At 12 weeks, investigations were repeated and outcome assessed for remission or decrease in severity of breath holding episodes.ResultsA total of 100 children with breath holding spells received iron supplementation. Almost 73% of children showed complete response, with another 23% showing greater than 50% reduction in frequency. Frequency of spells at diagnosis and intolerance to oral iron were significantly associated with poor response to iron supplementation. Other factors such as age at onset, age at presentation, severity of spells, anaemia and serum iron parameters had no significant association with the response. Of the 27 children without iron deficiency (serum ferritin ≥ 30 µg/L), 77.7% responded completely to iron supplementation, similar to the iron‐deficient group.ConclusionsIron supplementation is effective in the management of breath holding spells. Non‐anaemic and iron‐replete children with breath holding spells also respond well to iron supplementation.
Fungi inhabiting knotwood ofPinus sylvestrisinfected byPorodaedalea pini
Authors: Szewczyk Wojciech , Kwaśna Hanna , Behnke‐Borowczyk Jolanta 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAbundance and diversity of fungi in naturally formed knots ofPinus sylvestrisaffected byPorodaedalea piniwere investigated. Samples were taken from trees that were (i) affected, with internal heartwood decay and no conks, (ii) affected, with internal heartwood decay and conks and (iii) controls. The Illumina sequencing technology was used for amplification ofDNA, sequencing and analysis. In total, 566,279 raw sequences were obtained from six samples. Sequences included 74% of culturable and 8.4% of non‐culturable fungi and 17.6% of organisms with no reference sequences inNCBI. Abundance of organisms in knotwood, measured as number ofOTUs, ranged from 36,272 (29,506 for fungi) to 178,535 (177,484 for fungi) and differed significantly between two trees in a stand and between stands. The highest and lowest average number of fungalOTUs occurred in infected trees with no conks and in trees with conks, respectively. Number of taxa ranged from 171 to 415 and often differed significantly between two trees in one stand and between stands. Greatest diversity occurred in control trees. The number of fungal taxa shared by two trees in one stand was 67–152 and that shared by two stands was 51–141. The majority of fungi were Ascomycota. Those most common in pines affected byP. piniwereConiochaeta hoffmanniiandC. fodinicola(19.65%–59.92%).Infundichalara microchona,Leotiomycetes spp. andRhinocladiella atrovirenswere also present. Another common species,Lecanora conizaeoides,occurred most often in control trees (0.30%–8.82%).Porodaedalea piniwas detected only sporadically. Non‐culturable fungi were most frequent in the control trees. The greater average abundance and smaller average diversity of fungi in knots of trees infected byP. pinisuggest that the pathogen successfully competes with some fungal species and does not inhibit the growth of survivors. Some fungi detected may contribute to production of natural biocides.