bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgery for constipation: systematic review and practice recommendations
Authors: Knowles C. H. , Grossi U. , Horrocks E. J. , Pares D. , Vollebregt P. F. , Chapman M. , Brown S. , Mercer‐Jones M. , Williams A. B. , Yiannakou Y. , Hooper R. J. , Stevens N. , Mason J. ,   the NIHR CapaCiTY working group,   The Pelvic floor Society and,   European Society of Coloproctology
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimThis manuscript forms the final of seven that address the surgical management of chronic constipation (CC) in adults. The content coalesces results from the five systematic reviews that precede it and of the European Consensus process to derive graded practice recommendations (GPR).MethodsSummary of review data, development of GPR and future research recommendations as outlined in detail in the ‘introduction and methods’ paper.ResultsThe overall quality of data in the five reviews was poor with 113/156(72.4%) of included studies providing only level IV evidence and only four included level I RCTs. Coalescence of data from the five procedural classes revealed that few firm conclusions could be drawn regarding procedural choice or patient selection: no single procedure dominated in addressing dynamic structural abnormalities of the anorectum and pelvic floor with each having similar overall efficacy. Of one hundred ‘prototype’ GPRs developed by the clinical guideline group, 85/100 were deemed ‘appropriate’ based on the independent scoring of a panel of 18 European experts and use of RAND‐UCLA consensus methodology. The remaining 15 were all deemed uncertain. Future research recommendations included some potential RCTs but also a strong emphasis on delivery of large multinational high‐quality prospective cohort studies.ConclusionWhile the evidence base for surgery in CC is poor, the widespread European consensus for GPRs is encouraging. Professional bodies have the opportunity to build on this work by supporting the efforts of their membership to help convert the documented recommendations into clinical guidelines.
Models for truth‐telling in physician‐patient encounters: What can we learn from Yoruba concept of Ooto?
Authors: Ewuoso Cornelius 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEmpirical studies have now established that many patients make clinical decisions based on models other than Anglo American model of truth‐telling and patient autonomy. Some scholars also add that current medical ethics frameworks and recent proposals for enhancing communication in health professional‐patient relationship have not adequately accommodated these models. In certain clinical contexts where health professional and patients are motivated by significant cultural and religious values, these current frameworks cannot prevent communication breakdown, which can, in turn, jeopardize patient care, cause undue distress to a patient in certain clinical contexts or negatively impact his/her relationship with the community.These empirical studies have now recommended that additional frameworks developed around other models of truth‐telling; and which take very seriously significant value‐differences which sometimes exist between health professional and patients, as well as patient's cultural/religious values or relational capacities, must be developed.This paper contributes towards the development of one. Specifically, this study proposes a framework for truth‐telling developed around African model of truth‐telling by drawing insights from the communitarian concept of ootọ́ amongst the Yoruba people of south west Nigeria. I am optimistic that if this model is incorporated into current medical ethics codes and curricula, it will significantly enhance health professional‐patient communication.
Un modèle multidimensionnel pour appréhender les formes de travail inacceptables
Authors: McCANN Deirdre , FUDGE Judy 
Published: September 2017

RésuméÀ l'approche de son centenaire, l'OIT a inclus la lutte contre les formes de travail inacceptables parmi les «domaines de première importance» devant guider son action. Cependant, pour les auteures, ces modalités particulières, leurs causes, leurs dimensions et leurs manifestations appellent encore une analyse exhaustive. Elles s'attaquent donc à ce projet, en commençant par exploiter les apports des différents courants d'analyse sur le travail contemporain, puis en proposant un modèle multidimensionnel novateur, que les acteurs sur le terrain devraient pouvoir utiliser pour repérer et traiter les formes de travail inacceptables à l'échelon national, quel que soit le niveau de revenu du pays.
Les services à la personne, toujours dévalorisés? Analyse et classification dans une optique comparative
Authors: LIGHTMAN Naomi 
Published: September 2017

RésuméL'auteure compare la rémunération des travailleurs des services à la personne selon le prestige de la profession exercée dans différents pays (Canada, États‐Unis, Japon, République de Corée et Taïwan (Chine)), en s'appuyant sur des microdonnées de la Luxembourg Income Study. Elle classe ces professions selon leur degré de «fermeture sociale» et analyse la pénalité ou la prime salariale qui leur est associée dans chaque pays. Elle mesure aussi empiriquement les similarités et différences entre les États‐providence «libéraux» et ceux qui sont plutôt «développeurs productivistes», ainsi qu'au sein de ces régimes, confirmant la nette convergence internationale des services à la personne sous l'effet de la mondialisation.
¿Trabajo no productivo? Desglose del sector del cuidado desde una perspectiva comparada
Authors: LIGHTMAN Naomi 
Published: September 2017

ResumenLa autora analiza los ingresos de los trabajadores del cuidado en el Canadá, Estados Unidos, Japón, República de Corea y Taiwán (China) con microdatos del Luxembourg Income Study. Desagregando las definiciones existentes del trabajo del cuidado, distingue entre ocupaciones de categoría superior e inferior, según el grado de «cierre social», revelando la prima o penalización salarial asociadas en los países del estudio. También estima empíricamente las similitudes y diferencias entre países en función de su régimen de bienestar, «liberal» o de «desarrollo productivista», corroborando la hipótesis de que la globalización ha fomentado una convergencia sustancial del mercado internacional del cuidado.
Subsidios a la contratación de personas con discapacidades. Resultados de un pequeño experimento de campo
Authors: DEUCHERT Eva , KAUER Lukas 
Published: September 2017

ResumenLa eficacia de los subsidios a la contratación de personas con discapacidades es dudosa debido a posibles efectos de peso muerto, sustitución y señalización. Para evaluarla, los autores proponen un experimento natural basado en candidaturas de empleo que revelan o no (aleatoriamente) el derecho al subsidio del candidato. Según la tasa de convocatorias a entrevista logradas, concluyen que el subsidio es ineficaz o contraproducente para un grupo de adolescentes con su formación profesional recién terminada, pero el efecto negativo de señalización resulta mucho más débil para los clientes de un servicio de orientación laboral que contrajeron su discapacidad durante su vida activa.
Religious Identity, Expression, and Civility in Social Media: Results of Data Mining Latter‐Day Saint Twitter Accounts
Authors: Kimmons Royce , McGuire Kristin , Stauffer McKell , Jones J. Evan , Gregson Marie , Austin Madison 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study explores religious self‐identification, religious expression, and civility among projected Latter‐Day Saint Twitter accounts (201,107 accounts and 1,542,229 tweets). Novel methods of data collection and analysis were utilized to test hypotheses related to religious identity and civility against social media data at a large scale. Results indicated that (1) projected LDS Twitter accounts tended to represent authentic (rather than anonymous or pseudonymous) identities; (2) local minority versus majority status did not influence users’ willingness to religiously self‐identify; (3) isolation stigma did not occur when users religiously self‐identified; (4) participants exhibited much lower degrees of incivility than was anticipated from previous studies; and (5) religious self‐identification was connected to improved civility. Results should be of interest to scholars of religion for better understanding participation patterns and religious identity among Latter‐Day Saints and for exploring how these results may transfer to other groups of religious people.
Changes in pollution indicators in Lake Victoria, Kenya and their implications for lake and catchment management
Authors: Kundu Rodrick , Aura Christopher M. , Nyamweya Chrispine , Agembe Simon , Sitoki Lewis , Lung'ayia Henry B. O. , Ongore Collins , Ogari Zachary , Werimo Kenneth 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMonitoring of aquatic pollution is important for ascertaining the relationship between fisheries and the general ecosystem health of a lake. This study evaluated the use of changes in pollution indicators in Lake Victoria, Kenya, as a decision support tool for fisheries management and productivity. Principal component analysis (PCA; R2 ≥ 0.5, P < 0.05) of physical and chemical parameters delineated sampling sites into ecological cluster zones consisting of the inner gulf (C1), mid‐gulf (C2) and open lake (C3). Test results for lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) levels in the Nile perch tissues were found to be compliant with EU standards. The inner and mid‐gulfs of the Winam Gulf had high levels of total (1818.8 ± 102–1937.78 ± 94 cfu 100 mL−1) and faecal (390 ± 21 cfu 100 mL−1) coliforms attributable to urban sewage and industrial effluents exceeded WHO standards. Similarly, Winam Gulf was more polluted than the open lake, with higher total phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, turbidity levels and electrical conductivity. Low phytoplankton biovolume and a low number of macroinvertebrates genera, and high zooplankton densities and pollution‐tolerant catfishes (e.g., Schilbe victoriae; Clarias gariepinus) were observed in Winam Gulf. Faecal coliforms and dissolved oxygen influenced the abundance of tolerant fish species (e.g., S. victoriae) in the lake. This study indicated a declining trend of ecological integrity in the Winam Gulf, compared with the open waters of Lake Victoria. An integrated management approach directed to minimizing pollution levels, especially in the Winam Gulf, is recommended to enhance fishery production.
Focused breastfeeding counselling improves short‐ and long‐term success in an early‐discharge setting: A cluster‐randomized study
Authors: Nilsson Ingrid M. S. , Strandberg‐Larsen Katrine , Knight Christopher H. , Hansen Anne Vinkel , Kronborg Hanne 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLength of postnatal hospitalization has decreased and has been shown to be associated with infant nutritional problems and increase in readmissions. We aimed to evaluate if guidelines for breastfeeding counselling in an early discharge hospital setting had an effect on maternal breastfeeding self‐efficacy, infant readmission and breastfeeding duration. A cluster randomized trial was conducted and assigned nine maternity settings in Denmark to intervention or usual care. Women were eligible if they expected a single infant, intended to breastfeed, were able to read Danish, and expected to be discharged within 50 hr postnatally. Between April 2013 and August 2014, 2,065 mothers were recruited at intervention and 1,476 at reference settings. Results show that the intervention did not affect maternal breastfeeding self‐efficacy (primary outcome). However, less infants were readmitted 1 week postnatally in the intervention compared to the reference group (adjusted OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37, −0.81), and 6 months following birth, more infants were exclusively breastfed in the intervention group (adjusted OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.02, −1.81). Moreover, mothers in the intervention compared to the reference group were breastfeeding more frequently (p < .001), and spend more hours skin to skin with their infants (p < .001). The infants were less often treated for jaundice (p = 0.003) and there was more paternal involvement (p = .037). In an early discharge hospital setting, a focused breastfeeding programme concentrating on increased skin to skin contact, frequent breastfeeding, good positioning of the mother infant dyad, and enhanced involvement of the father improved short‐term and long‐term breastfeeding success.
Some Features of the Old Castilian Alfonsine Translation of ʿAlī Ibn Khalaf’s Treatise on the Lámina Universal
Authors: Calvo Emilia 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to present some features of the treatise on the lámina universal, an astronomical instrument devised by ʿAlī ibn Khalaf, an eleventh-century Andalusi mathematician and astronomer who belonged to the scientific circle of Ṣāʿid al- Andalusī. ʿAlī ibn Khalaf was a contemporary of Ibn al-Zarqālluh (al-Zarqālī, Azarquiel), also a mathematician and astronomer working under Ṣāʿid’s patronage, and the inven- tor of the instrument known as azafea. Both instruments, the lámina universal and the azafea, are universal instruments devised to overcome the limitations of the standard astrolabe. The only text describing ʿAlī ibn Khalaf’s instrument is the thirteenth- century old-Castilian Alfonsine translation, which has not been studied in detail up to now, although some preliminary studies have been published. The present study deals with some linguistic and technical difficulties of the text. In many passages, it seems to follow literally the grammatical structure of the Arabic language while in others, the lack of technical terms forced the translators to resort either to a literal transcription of the original Arabic terminology or, in some cases, to approximate translations that make the text somewhat difficult to follow. The paper provides additional information related mainly to the astronomical parameters and the technical vocabulary used in the translation.
Saphaeae and Hayʾāt: The Debate between Instrumentalism and Realism in Al-Andalus
Authors: Forcada Miquel 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The article explores several texts written in al-Andalus between the twelfth and the early fourteenth centuries that mention Ibn al-Zarqālluh (al-Zarqālī) or the “Toledan astronomers.” These texts, contained in the works of physicians and philosophers, express scholarly reactions to the contributions of the circle of astronomers of eleventh-century Toledo, sponsored by the judge Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī. The textual evidence reveals attitudes ranging from a somewhat naïve admiration to harsh criticism. The article deals with the idealised image of the Toledan circle, due to a great extent to the significance of their work but also to external factors such as the innovative instruments and devices that these astronomers made. The texts suggest that some of the contributions of the Toledan circle were debated during the twelfth century, and that the echoes of this debate were felt in the following centuries. The discussion centred on the instrumentalism of Toledan astronomy, which was criticised by scholars who discussed the compatibility of Ptolemy’s mathematical astronomy and Aristotle’s natural philosophy. The “revolt against Ptolemy” that characterises this debate is reconsidered in the light of both the texts under study and the findings of recent research.
Too Many Arabic Treatises on the Operation of the Astrolabe in the Medieval Islamic World: Athīr Al-Dīn Al-Abharī’s Treatise on Knowing the Astrolabe and His Editorial Method
Authors: Mimura Taro 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In the medieval Islamic world, many scholars engaged in astronomy composed books on astrolabe, especially treatises on how to operate it (called “Treatises on the Operation of the Astrolabe”) such as Book of the Astrolabe (Kitāb al‐Asṭurlāb) by Kūshyār ibn Labbān (fl. second half of the tenth century ce); however, most of them had similar contents. One might ask why these scholars sought to write their own treatises of this kind, even though they differed little from existing works on the subject? To answer this question, I compare Kūshyār’s Book of the Astrolabe (Kitāb al‐Asṭurlāb) and Athīr al‐Dīn al‐Abharī’s (d. 1262 or 1265) Treatise on Knowing the Astrolabe (Risāla fī maʿrifat al-Asṭurlāb), which was written under the strong influence of Kūshyār’s Book: a comparison between them reveals that they presupposed the use of their own astrolabes. This analysis shows that many Arabic treatises on the operation of the astrolabe had their novelty at least guaranteed by the uniqueness of a specific astrolabe presupposed by each author.
A New Approach to the Star Data of Early Planispheric Astrolabes
Authors: Strano Giorgio 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
During the twentieth century, scholars attempted to date early astronomical instruments by the scientific information discernable in their design. In particular, they devised “methods” to date planispheric astrolabes by the position of the vernal equinox on the calendar scale or by the precessional effect over the star coordinates. Such methods usually overlooked the many problems behind the instruments’ design and construction and the vicissitudes in a particular object’s history. Criticisms of the naiveté of the scientific approach did not persuade scholars with an astronomical background. They remained convinced of the supreme explanatory power that the present knowledge has for deciphering the past. The criticisms, instead, dissuaded scholars with a historical background from paying attention to the scientific data. They felt comfortable in analysing scientific relics on the basis of other types of evidence, such as textual sources, iconography, and style. The star coordinates of early planispheric astrolabes, as witnessed in their star pointers, can neither be regarded nor treated as the data of present science. Even if they do not describe the sky at the very moment of the making of the instruments, they may, nevertheless, be considered as non-textual sources that contain precious information. The star coordinates on the astrolabe retes may in fact connect groups of instruments with early star tables.
Carrier Sanctions in Europe: A Comparison of Trends in 10 Countries
Authors: Baird Theodore 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Carrier sanctions are penalties given to transport companies if they carry improperly documented passengers. While the literature on carrier sanctions grapples primarily with comparative legal and normative questions surrounding asylum-seeking and democratic accountability, the empirical material covering the implementation of carrier sanctions is more limited. None of the literature to date has examined the statistical trends in the enforcement of carrier sanctions by European states. This article fills this gap and provides the first comparative analysis of statistics on the yearly number and costs of carrier sanctions. Through a new dataset on the implementation of carrier sanctions in 10 European countries between 2000–2014, the data reveal a puzzling variation in carrier sanction implementation over time, with wide variation among states, due in part to the un-reliability of the data. These variations are discussed in the context of current legal, political, and migratory trends in Europe.
Age Effects on Visuo-Haptic Length Discrimination: Evidence for Optimal Integration of Senses in Senior Adults
Authors: Billino Jutta , Drewing Knut 
Published: September 2017

Demographic changes in most developed societies have fostered research on functional aging. While cognitive changes have been characterized elaborately, understanding of perceptual aging lacks behind. We investigated age effects on the mechanisms of how multiple sources of sensory information are merged into a common percept. We studied visuo-haptic integration in a length discrimination task. A total of 24 young (20–25 years) and 27 senior (69–77 years) adults compared standard stimuli to appropriate sets of comparison stimuli. Standard stimuli were explored under visual, haptic, or visuo-haptic conditions. The task procedure allowed introducing an intersensory conflict by anamorphic lenses. Comparison stimuli were exclusively explored haptically. We derived psychometric functions for each condition, determining points of subjective equality and discrimination thresholds. We notably evaluated visuo-haptic perception by different models of multisensory processing, i.e., the Maximum-Likelihood-Estimate model of optimal cue integration, a suboptimal integration model, and a cue switching model. Our results support robust visuo-haptic integration across the adult lifespan. We found suboptimal weighted averaging of sensory sources in young adults, however, senior adults exploited differential sensory reliabilities more efficiently to optimize thresholds. Indeed, evaluation of the MLE model indicates that young adults underweighted visual cues by more than 30%; in contrast, visual weights of senior adults deviated only by about 3% from predictions. We suggest that close to optimal multisensory integration might contribute to successful compensation for age-related sensory losses and provides a critical resource. Differentiation between multisensory integration during healthy aging and age-related pathological challenges on the sensory systems awaits further exploration.
Lectotypification of the name Gleadovia ruborum Gamble &amp; Prain (Orobanchaceae)
Authors: ROY DILIP KR. 
Published: September 2017

The genus Gleadovia was described by J.S Gamble and D. Prain (1900: 488) including a single species, G. ruborum Gamble & Prain (1900: 489) on the base of plants collected in 1898 from Bodyar, Jauansar in N.W. Himalaya. The genus is represented now by 3 species distributed in India and China. These species are: G. ruborum Gamble & Prain (India and China), G. mupinense Hu (1939: 2) (China) and G. banerjiana Deb (1956: 799) (India). G. ruborum is characterized by ovate or oblong leaves, 3- to several pedicelate flowers clustered at stem apex, obovate bract, spatulate-oblanceolate bracteoles, a tubular-campanulate calyx funnelform upward, much shorter than corolla, to 1.8 cm in diam., comparatively shorter pedicel, to 2.5 cm long and by corolla glabrous abaxially, villous adaxially (J.S. Gamble 26949-K! (K000999865, K000999866); CAL! (Acc. No. 329959)), whereas G. mupinense is characterized by oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate leaves, 3- to several pedicelate flowers borne on upper part of stem, oblong-lanceolate bract, linear-lanceolate bracteoles, a tubular calyx slightly enlarged upward, much shorter than corolla, to 1.2 cm in diam., longer pedicel, to 9 cm long and by densely villous corolla lobes on both sides (T.T. Yu 2189-PE! (PE - 1643589-00032337)), while G. banerjiana is characterized by lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, spatulate leaves, 1–3 subsessile, ebracteate, ebraceolate flower(s) borne at the stem apex, a spathaceous calyx more or less equal to corolla, to 4.5 cm in diam. and densely hairy corolla lobes inside (D.B. Deb 2247A-CAL! (Acc. No. 329964)). When Gamble and Prain (1900) described G. ruborum, they mentioned in the protolouge the collections of J.S. Gamble, F. Gleadow, J.F. Duthie and Duthie’s collectors collected in 1898 from Bodyar, Jaunsar in N.W. Himalaya. Thus the cited authentic collections consist of several elements collected by different collectors. Therefore it warrants the typification under Art. 9.5 of the International Code of Nomenclature (McNeill et al. 2012). Hence a lectotype is designated here from the original collections.