bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of peroxisomes illustrates symbiogenesis
Authors: Speijer Dave 
Published: August 2017

Recently, the group of McBride reported a stunning observation regarding peroxisome biogenesis: newly born peroxisomes are hybrids of mitochondrial and ER‐derived pre‐peroxisomes. What was stunning? Studies performed with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae had convincingly shown that peroxisomes are ER‐derived, without indications for mitochondrial involvement. However, the recent finding using fibroblasts dovetails nicely with a mechanism inferred to be driving the eukaryotic invention of peroxisomes: reduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation associated with fatty acid (FA) oxidation. This not only explains the mitochondrial involvement, but also its apparent absence in yeast. The latest results allow a reconstruction of the evolution of the yeast's highly derived metabolism and its limitations as a model organism in this instance. As I review here, peroxisomes are eukaryotic inventions reflecting mutual host endosymbiont adaptations: this is predicted by symbiogenetic theory, which states that the defining eukaryotic characteristics evolved as a result of mutual adaptations of two merging prokaryotes.See also the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/HtyKhQ3DSxg
Overproduction of L‐tryptophan via simultaneous feed of glucose and anthranilic acid from recombinant Escherichia coli W3110: Kinetic modeling and process scale‐up
Authors: Jing Keju , Tang Yuanwei , Yao Chuanyi , del Rio‐Chanona Ehecatl A. , Ling Xueping , Zhang Dongda 
Published: August 2017

AbstractL‐tryptophan is an essential amino acid widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. However, its production via Escherichia coli fermentation suffers severely from both low glucose conversion efficiency and acetic acid inhibition, and to date effective process control methods have rarely been explored to facilitate its industrial scale production. To resolve these challenges, in the current research an engineered strain of E. coli was used to overproduce L‐tryptophan. To achieve this, a novel dynamic control strategy which incorporates an optimized anthranilic acid feeding into a dissolved oxygen‐stat (DO‐stat) glucose feeding framework was proposed for the first time. Three original contributions were observed. Firstly, compared to previous DO control methods, the current strategy was able to inhibit completely the production of acetic acid, and its glucose to L‐tryptophan yield reached 0.211 g/g, 62.3% higher than the previously reported. Secondly, a rigorous kinetic model was constructed to simulate the underlying biochemical process and identify the effect of anthranilic acid on both glucose conversion and L‐tryptophan synthesis. Finally, a thorough investigation was conducted to testify the capability of both the kinetic model and the novel control strategy for process scale‐up. It was found that the model possesses great predictive power, and the presented strategy achieved the highest glucose to L‐tryptophan yield (0.224 g/g) ever reported in large scale processes, which approaches the theoretical maximum yield of 0.227 g/g. This research, therefore, paves the way to significantly enhance the profitability of the investigated bioprocess.
Mechanisms of nitrous oxide (N2O) formation and reduction in denitrifying biofilms
Authors: Sabba Fabrizio , Picioreanu Cristian , Nerenberg Robert 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas that can be formed in wastewater treatment processes by ammonium oxidizing and denitrifying microorganisms. While N2O emissions from suspended growth systems have been extensively studied, and some recent studies have addressed emissions from nitrifying biofilms, much less is known about N2O emissions from denitrifying biofilm processes. This research used modeling to evaluate the mechanisms of N2O formation and reduction in denitrifying biofilms. The kinetic model included formation and consumption of key denitrification species, including nitrate (), nitrite (), nitric oxide (NO), and N2O. The model showed that, in presence of excess of electron donor, denitrifying biofilms have two distinct layers of activity: an outer layer where there is net production of N2O and an inner layer where there is net consumption. The presence of oxygen (O2) had an important effect on N2O emission from suspended growth systems, but a smaller effect on biofilm systems. The effects of and O2 differed significantly based on the biofilm thickness. Overall, the effects of biofilm thickness and bulk substrate concentrations on N2O emissions are complex and not always intuitive. A key mechanism for denitrifying biofilms is the diffusion of N2O and other intermediates from one zone of the biofilm to another. This leads to zones of N2O formation or consumption transformations that would not exist in suspended growth systems.
In situ preservation of the inferior parathyroid gland during central neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Wang J B , Wu K , Shi L H , Sun Y Y , Li F B , Xie L 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Postoperative hypocalcaemia due to dysfunction of the parathyroid glands is the most common complication after total thyroidectomy plus central neck dissection (CND). There is a lack of surgical techniques described to help preserve the inferior parathyroid gland in situ during CND. The objective of this study was to introduce the ‘TBP layer’ (layer of thymus–blood vessel–inferior parathyroid gland) concept for preserving the inferior parathyroid gland in situ during CND, and to evaluate its effectiveness.

Methods
The study group included patients with primary papillary thyroid cancer who underwent total thyroidectomy with CND using the new surgical concept between January and December 2014. The control group included sex- and age-matched patients who underwent conventional total thyroidectomy with CND between January 2012 and December 2013. The proportion of inferior parathyroid glands preserved in situ and postoperative hypoparathyroidism rates in the two groups were compared.

Results
There were 181 patients in the study group and 306 in the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups in tumour size, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, and number of harvested and metastatic central lymph nodes. The rate of inferior parathyroid gland preservation in situ was significantly improved from 37·9 to 76·3 per cent on the left side (P &lt; 0·001), and from 52·0 to 77·9 per cent on the right side (P &lt; 0·001), in the study group compared with the control group. The incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism decreased significantly from 35·0 to 7·2 per cent (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Applying the proposed surgical concept improved the rate of inferior parathyroid gland preservation in situ and decreased the incidence of transient postoperative hypoparathyroidism.
Pancreatoduodenectomy with portal vein resection for distal cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Maeta T , Ebata T , Hayashi E , Kawahara T , Mizuno S , Matsumoto N , Ohta S , Nagino M , Aoba T , Kaneoka Y , Arai T , Shimizu Y , Kiriyama M , Sakamoto E , Miyake H , Takara D , Shirai K , Ohira S , Morofuji N , Akutagawa A , Yamaguchi R , Takano M , Yamamoto H , Inoue M , Asaba Y , Watanabe T , Hashimoto M , Kawai S , Ikuta K , Matsubara H , Kato K , Kondo S 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the value of portal vein (PV) resection in distal cholangiocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of PV resection in distal cholangiocarcinoma.

Methods
Patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for distal cholangiocarcinoma between 2001 and 2010 at one of 31 hospitals in Japan were reviewed retrospectively with special attention to PV resection. Short- and long-term outcomes were evaluated.

Results
In the study interval, 453 consecutive patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma underwent PD, of whom 31 (6·8 per cent) had combined PV resection. The duration of surgery (510 versus 427 min; P = 0·005) and incidence of blood transfusion (48 versus 30·7 per cent; P = 0·042) were greater in patients who had PV resection than in those who did not. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were no different in the two groups. Several indices of tumour progression, including high T classification, lymphatic invasion, perineural invasion, pancreatic invasion and lymph node metastasis, were more common in patients who had PV resection. Consequently, the incidence of R1/2 resection was higher in this group (32 versus 11·8 per cent; P = 0·004). Survival among the 31 patients with PV resection was worse than that for the 422 patients without PV resection (15 versus 42·4 per cent at 5 years; P &lt; 0·001). Multivariable analyses revealed that age, blood loss, histological grade, perineural invasion, pancreatic invasion, lymph node metastasis and surgical margin were independent risk factors for overall survival. PV resection was not an independent risk factor.

Conclusion
PV invasion in distal cholangiocarcinoma is associated with locally advanced disease and several negative prognostic factors. Survival for patients who have PV resection is poor even after curative resection.
Meta-analysis of the costs of carotid artery stenting and carotid endarterectomy
Authors: de Vries E E , Baldew V G M , den Ruijter H M , de Borst G J 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is currently associated with an increased risk of 30-day stroke compared with carotid endarterectomy (CEA), whereas both interventions seem equally durable beyond the periprocedural period. Although the clinical outcomes continue to be scrutinized, there are few data summarizing the costs of both techniques.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases in August 2016 identifying articles comparing the costs or cost-effectiveness of CAS and CEA in patients with carotid artery stenosis. Combined overall effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. The in-hospital costs were specified to gain insight into the main heads of expenditure associated with both procedures.

Results
The literature search identified 617 unique articles, of which five RCTs and 12 cohort studies were eligible for analysis. Costs of the index hospital admission were similar for CAS and CEA. Costs of the procedure itself were 51 per cent higher for CAS, mainly driven by the higher costs of devices and supplies, but were balanced by higher postprocedural costs of CEA. Long-term cost analysis revealed no difference in costs or quality of life after 1 year of follow-up.

Conclusion
Hospitalization and long-term costs of CAS and CEA appear similar. Economic considerations should not influence the choice of stenting or surgery in patients with carotid artery stenosis being considered for revascularization.
Antifungal Activity of the Lipophilic Antioxidant Ferrostatin‐1
Authors: Horwath Michael C. , Bell‐Horwath Tiffany R. , Lescano Victor , Krishnan Karthik , Merino Edward J. , Deepe George S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFerrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1) is a lipophilic antioxidant that effectively blocks ferroptosis, a distinct non‐apoptotic form of cell death caused by lipid peroxidation. During many infections, both pathogens and host cells are subjected to oxidative stress, but the occurrence of ferroptosis had not been investigated. We examined ferroptosis in macrophages infected with the pathogenic yeast Histoplasma capsulatum. Unexpectedly, Fer‐1 not only reduced the death of macrophages infected in vitro, but inhibited the growth of H. capsulatum and related species Paracoccidioides lutzii and Blastomyces dermatitidis at concentrations under 10 μm. Other antioxidant ferroptosis inhibitors, including liproxstatin‐1, did not prevent fungal growth or reduce macrophage death. Structural analysis revealed a potential similarity of Fer‐1 to inhibitors of fungal sterol synthesis, and ergosterol content of H. capsulatum decreased more than twofold after incubation with Fer‐1. Strikingly, additional Fer‐1 analogues with slight differences from Fer‐1 had limited impact on fungal growth. In conclusion, the ferroptosis inhibitor Fer‐1 has unexpected antifungal potency distinct from its antiferroptotic activity.
The combination of miR‐122 overexpression and Let‐7f silencing induces hepatic differentiation of adipose tissue‐derived stem cells
Authors: Davoodian Nahid , Lotfi Abbas S. , Soleimani Masoud , Ghaneialvar Hori 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHuman adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (hADSCs) have been considered as a promising source for cell therapy of liver diseases due to their accessibility, abundance, and expression of hepatocyte markers. Currently, the important role of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) has been reported during hepatic differentiation of stem cells. However, the combination effect of miRNAs on hepatic differentiation of these cells needs to be more investigated. The present study seeks to determine whether the combination of miRNAs can enhance hepatic differentiation of hADSCs in the absence of any other stimulation. First, lentiviral transduction was used to overexpress miR‐122 and silence d
let‐7f in hADSCs for up to 21 days. Then, hepatic functionality was evaluated by analyzing specific hepatocyte genes and biochemical markers at different time points of differentiation induction. Stable miR‐122 overexpression and let‐7f silencing together in hADSCs resulted in increased expression of hepatocyte markers including ALB, AFP, CK18, CK19, and HNF4a. In addition, urea and albumin production, immunocytochemistry, and glycogen staining confirmed that the treated cells differentiated toward hepatocyte‐like cells. Therefore, our findings demonstrate the possibility of using microRNAs to induce hADSCs into functional hepatocyte‐like cells.
Absorption of CO2 with Amino Acid‐Based Ionic Liquids and Corresponding Amino Acid Precursors
Authors: Guzmán Javier , Ortega-Guevara Christian , de León Roberto García , Martínez-Palou Rafael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA comparative study for CO2 absorption among amino acids (AAs) and ionic liquids (ILs) containing tetramethylammonium [TMA] and tetrabutylphosphonium [TBP] as cations and the corresponding deprotonated amino acid as anions, namely, [TMA][AA] and [TBP][AA], is reported. Amino acids show an excellent performance for CO2 capture, better than the corresponding [TMA][AA], but AAs are less efficient than [TBP][AA]. In addition, [TBP][AA] present faster kinetics of absorption than the corresponding AA. [TBP][lysinate] exhibits the highest CO2 absorption capacity. A novel and fast method with low energy demand for microwave‐assisted regeneration of the absorbents from the CO2‐saturated solution is also described for the first time.
Two‐Dimensional Titanium Carbide MXene as a Capacitor‐Type Electrode for Rechargeable Aqueous Li‐Ion and Na‐Ion Capacitor Batteries
Authors: Zhu Kai , Zhang Hongyu , Ye Ke , Zhao Wenbin , Yan Jun , Cheng Kui , Wang Guiling , Yang Baofeng , Cao Dianxue 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo bridge the gap of the alkali‐metal‐ion (Li or Na) batteries and supercapacitors, hybrid devices called capacitor batteries are being designed, which are adaptive for large‐scale energy‐storage systems. Two‐dimensional transition‐metal carbide materials (MXene) with high electronic conductivities have become capable electrode materials for supercapacitors. Herein, Ti3C2Tx synthesized by selectively etching the Al layer from the Ti3AlC2 presents a remarkable electrochemical performance as an electrode material for the supercapacitor with Li2SO4 or Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. It displays a capacitance of 243 F g−1 at a low current density of 100 mA g−1 with a capacitance retention of 95 % in the Li2SO4 electrolyte, and a capacitance of 150 F g−1 at a low current density of 200 mA g−1 with a capacitance retention of 95 % in the Na2SO4 electrolyte, which shows its potential application for capacitor batteries. Moreover, the LiMn2O4//Ti3C2Tx Li‐ion capacitor battery and MnO2//Ti3C2Tx Na‐ion capacitor battery are designed and assembled for the first time. Such rechargeable aqueous capacitor batteries display capable capacities, remarkable rate abilities, and excellent cycling performances, which further demonstrates that Ti3C2Tx is an outstanding capacitor‐type electrode material for capacitor batteries.
Solvent‐Induced Cadmium(II) Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Adjustable Guest‐Evacuated Porosity: Application in the Controllable Assembly of MOF‐Derived Porous Carbon Materials for Supercapacitors
Authors: Yue Man‐Li , Jiang Yi‐Fan , Zhang Lin , Yu Cheng‐Yan , Zou Kang‐Yu , Li Zuo‐Xi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this work, five new cadmium metal‐organic frameworks (Cd‐MOFs 1–5) have been synthesized from solvothermal reactions of Cd(NO3)2⋅4 H2O with isophthalic acid and 1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐yl)‐benzene under different solvent systems of CH3OH, C2H5OH, (CH3)2CHOH, DMF, and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP), respectively. Cd‐MOF 1 shows a 3D diamondoid framework with 1D rhombic and hexagonal channels, and the porosity is 12.9 %. Cd‐MOF 2 exhibits a 2D (4,4) layer with a 1D parallelogram channel and porosity of 23.6 %. Cd‐MOF 3 has an 8‐connected dense network with the Schäfli symbol of [424⋅64] based on the Cd6 cluster. Cd‐MOFs 4–5 are isomorphous, and display an absolutely double‐bridging 2D (4,4) layer with 1D tetragonal channels and porosities of 29.2 and 28.2 %, which are occupied by DMF and NMP molecules, respectively. Followed by the calcination‐thermolysis procedure, Cd‐MOFs 1–5 are employed as precursors to prepare MOF‐derived porous carbon materials (labeled as PC‐me, PC‐eth, PC‐ipr, PC‐dmf and PC‐nmp), which have the BET specific surface area of 23, 51, 10, 122, and 96 m2 g−1, respectively. The results demonstrate that the specific surface area of PCs is tuned by the porosity of Cd‐MOFs, where the later is highly dependent on the solvent. Thereby, the specific surface area of PCs could be adjusted by the solvent used in the synthese of MOF precusors. Significantly, PCs have been further activated by KOH to obtain activated carbon materials (APCs), which possess even higher specific surface area and larger porosity. After a series of characterization and electrochemical investigations, the APC‐dmf electrode exhibits the best porous properties and largest specific capacitances (153 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 and 156 F g−1 at 0.5 Ag−1). Meanwhile, the APC‐dmf electrode shows excellent cycling stability (ca. 84.2 % after 5000 cycles at 1 Ag−1), which can be applied as a suitable electrode material for supercapacitors.
Buildup of Redox‐Responsive Hybrid from Polyoxometalate and Redox‐Active Conducting Oligomer: Its Self‐Assemblies with Controllable Morphologies
Authors: She Shan , Huang Zehuan , Yin Panchao , Bayaguud Aruuhan , Jia Hongli , Huang Yichao , Wei Yen , Wei Yongge 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA redox‐responsive hybrid of polyoxometalate and conducting oligomer including its self‐assemblies with controllable morphologies are reported. To this end, a hybrid molecule, containing a Lindqvist hexamolybdate as the polar head group and N,N′‐bis(4′‐amino‐2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐1,4‐quinonediimine as the redox‐responsive and aggregating group, is prepared. This hybrid exhibits redox‐responsive behavior with controllable assembling morphological transition from spherical vesicles to short cylindrical vesicles. Besides, the hybrid‐based self‐assemblies are transferred to the surface, thus the surface wettability can be well‐tuned owing to the morphological transitions of the self‐assemblies. By marrying conducting materials with polyoxometalate chemistry, this research opens a new horizon of polyoxometalate‐based self‐assembled systems with potential applications in functional materials.
Mechanistic Insight into the Binding of Multivalent Pyrrolidines to α‐Mannosidases
Authors: Mirabella Stefania , D'Adamio Giampiero , Matassini Camilla , Goti Andrea , Delgado Sandra , Gimeno Ana , Robina Inmaculada , Moreno‐Vargas Antonio J. , Šesták Sergej , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Cardona Francesca 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNovel pyrrolidine‐based multivalent iminosugars, synthesized by a CuAAC approach, have shown remarkable multivalent effects towards jack bean α‐mannosidase and a Golgi α‐mannosidase from Drosophila melanogaster, as well as a good selectivity with respect to a lysosomal α‐mannosidase, which is important for anticancer applications. STD NMR and molecular modeling studies supported a multivalent mechanism with specific interactions of the bioactive iminosugars with Jack bean α‐mannosidase. TEM studies suggested a binding mode that involves the formation of aggregates, which result from the intermolecular cross‐linked network of interactions between the multivalent inhibitors and two or more dimers of JBMan heterodimeric subunits.
Elucidation of Dual Magnetic Relaxation Processes in Dinuclear Dysprosium(III) Phthalocyaninato Triple‐Decker Single‐Molecule Magnets Depending on the Octacoordination Geometry
Authors: Katoh Keiichi , Aizawa Yu , Morita Takaumi , Breedlove Brian K. , Yamashita Masahiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhen applying single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) to spintronic devices, control of the quantum tunneling of the magnetization (QTM) as well as a spin‐lattice interactions are important. Attempts have been made to use not only coordination geometry but also magnetic interactions between SMMs as an exchange bias. In this manuscript, dinuclear dysprosium(III) (DyIII) SMMs with the same octacoordination geometry undergo dual magnetic relaxation processes at low temperature. In the dinuclear DyIIIphthalocyaninato (Pc2−) triple‐decker type complex [(Pc)Dy(ooPc)Dy(Pc)] (1) (ooPc2−=2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24‐octakis(octyloxy)phthalocyaninato) with a square‐antiprismatic (SAP) geometry, the ground state is divided by the Zeeman effect, and level intersection occurs when a magnetic field is applied. Due to the ground state properties of1, since the Zeeman diagram where the levels intersect in anHdcof 2500 Oe, two kinds of QTM and direct processes occur. However, dinuclear DyIII‐Pc systems withC4geometry, which have a twist angle (ϕ) of less than 45° do not undergo dual magnetic relaxation processes. From magnetic field and temperature dependences, the dual magnetic relaxation processes were clarified.