bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study to demonstrate diagnostic potential of galectin-3 levels in saliva
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wan Yunxia , Chata Roberto , Brazzale Anthony , Atherton John J , Kostner Karam , Dimeski Goce , Punyadeera Chamindie 
Published: June 2016

AimHeart failure (HF) affects millions of older individuals in both developed and low/middle-income countries. Serum galectin-3 levels have been shown to have prognostic value. However, its use as a diagnostic biomarker has not been explored. The aim was to establish a saliva galectin-3 reference range and to demonstrate the potential diagnostic utility of salivary and serum galectin-3 levels in assessing HF.MethodsBlood and saliva samples were collected from age-matched healthy controls (n=51) and patients with HF (n=63). Customised immunoassays were developed to quantify salivary galectin-3 levels. The diagnostic performances of these assays were evaluated by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves analysis.ResultsThe galectin-3 concentrations were significantly elevated in saliva and serum samples of patients with HF compared with controls (p<0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Using ROC curve analysis, both serum and salivary galectin-3 gave area under the curve (AUC)=0.86 and AUC=0.73, respectively. There was also a significant correlation (r=0.4, p<0.01) between serum and salivary galectin-3 levels.ConclusionsFor the first time, we have quantified galectin-3 levels in human saliva and have demonstrated potential clinical utility in diagnosing HF. Further, larger multicentre clinical trials are needed before salivary galectin-3 levels can be implemented in a clinical setting.
Adherence to Diet and Physical Activity Cancer Prevention Guidelines and Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kohler Lindsay N. , Garcia David O. , Harris Robin B. , Oren Eyal , Roe Denise J. , Jacobs Elizabeth T. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Many studies have reported that adherence to health promotion guidelines for diet, physical activity, and maintenance of healthy body weight may decrease cancer incidence and mortality. A systematic review was performed to examine associations between adherence to established cancer prevention guidelines for diet and physical activity and overall cancer incidence and mortality. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Reviews databases were searched following the current recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Approach (PRISMA). Twelve studies met inclusion criteria for this review. High versus low adherence to established nutrition and physical activity cancer prevention guidelines was consistently and significantly associated with decreases of 10% to 61% in overall cancer incidence and mortality. Consistent significant reductions were also shown for breast cancer incidence (19%–60%), endometrial cancer incidence (23%–60%), and colorectal cancer incidence in both men and women (27%–52%). Findings for lung cancer incidence were equivocal, and no significant relationships were found between adherence and ovarian or prostate cancers. Adhering to cancer prevention guidelines for diet and physical activity is consistently associated with lower risks of overall cancer incidence and mortality, including for some site-specific cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(7); 1018–28. ©2016 AACR.
Selective Detection of the D-enantiomer of 2-Hydroxyglutarate in the CSF of Glioma Patients with Mutated Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Kalinina Juliya , Ahn Jun , Devi Narra S. , Wang Liya , Li Yuancheng , Olson Jeffrey J. , Glantz Michael , Smith Thomas , Kim Ella L. , Giese Alf , Jensen Randy L. , Chen Clark C. , Carter Bob S. , Mao Hui , He Miao , Van Meir Erwin G. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Elevation in D-2-Hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) has recently emerged as a mandatory byproduct of mutated Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) genes 1 and 2 in glioma patients. The goal of the present study was to demonstrate the feasibility of detection of elevated levels of D-2HG in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of glioma patients that carry point substitutions in the IDH gene.
Experimental Design: We developed a mass spectrometry (MS)–based platform to detect and quantify the D- and L-forms of 2HG in the CSF of glioma patients. Three independent cohorts of patients were analyzed, comprising a total of 176 samples derived from 84 patients. The levels of D- and L-2HG were used to stratify patients into IDH wild-type or IDH-mutated groups using an empirically obtained threshold of 0.69 μmol/L.
Results: Using this platform, a greater than 17-fold mean increase in D-2HG was observed in the CSF of patients with IDH mutant versus wild-type gliomas. The means for the D-2HG levels in CSF were 0.427 μmol/L in wild-type and 7.439 μmol/L in mutant groups. The C statistic for the receiver operator curve was 0.938, with 84% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 89% accuracy to detect D-2HG. The levels of D- and L-2HG in CSF from wild-type patients varied by location of CSF draw (cisternal &gt; ventricular &gt; lumbar).
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the CSF of patients harboring IDH mutant gliomas contain increased levels of D-2HG, which can be reliably detected with a MS-based platform. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6256–65. ©2016 AACR.
A New Model to Study the Role of Arachidonic Acid in Colon Cancer Pathophysiology
Authors: Fan Yang-Yi , Callaway Evelyn , M. Monk Jennifer , S. Goldsby Jennifer , Yang Peiying , Vincent Logan , S. Chapkin Robert 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA significant increase in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) gene expression has been shown to promote cylcooxygenase-dependent colon cancer development. Controversy associated with the role of COX2 inhibitors indicates that additional work is needed to elucidate the effects of arachidonic acid (AA)-derived (cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase) eicosanoids in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. We have recently developed a novel Fads1 knockout mouse model that allows for the investigation of AA-dependent eicosanoid deficiency without the complication of essential fatty acid deficiency. Interestingly, the survival rate of Fads1-null mice is severely compromised after 2 months on a semi-purified AA-free diet, which precludes long-term chemoprevention studies. Therefore, in this study, dietary AA levels were titrated to determine the minimal level required for survival, while maintaining a distinct AA-deficient phenotype. Null mice supplemented with AA (0.1%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 2.0%, w/w) in the diet exhibited a dose-dependent increase (P &lt; 0.05) in AA, PGE2, 6-keto PGF1α, TXB2, and EdU-positive proliferative cells in the colon. In subsequent experiments, null mice supplemented with 0.6% AA diet were injected with a colon-specific carcinogen (azoxymethane) in order to assess cancer susceptibility. Null mice exhibited significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced levels/multiplicity of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as compared with wild-type sibling littermate control mice. These data indicate that (i) basal/minimal dietary AA supplementation (0.6%) expands the utility of the Fads1-null mouse model for long-term cancer prevention studies and (ii) that AA content in the colonic epithelium modulates colon cancer risk. Cancer Prev Res; 9(9); 750–7. ©2016 AACR.
Remote Controlled CARs: Towards a Safer Therapy for Leukemia
Authors: June Carl H. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Genetic engineering of patient T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells) provides a powerful tool for inducing remissions in patients with various cancers derived from B cells. Challenges stemming from the inability to control the CAR T cells once given pose significant safety concerns. An article in Cancer Immunology Research presents an approach to circumvent this issue. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(8); 643. ©2016 AACR.
See article by Sakemura et al., p. 658.
РОЗПОВСЮДЖЕННЯ ШТАМІВ-ПРОДУЦЕНТІВ МЕТАЛО-β-ЛАКТАМАЗ СЕРЕД МНОЖИННОСТІЙКИХ НЕФЕРМЕНТАЦІЙНИХ ГРАМ-НЕГАТИВНИХ БАКТЕРІЙ У СУЧАСНИЙ ПЕРІОД В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Pokas O. V. , Melezhyk I. O. , Mariyevsky V. F. , Bartsytska I. F. 
Published: June 2016

<em>Серед множиннорезистентних до антибіотиків неферментаційних грам-негативних бактерій, виділених у хворих хірургічного профілю з різних стаціонарів України, у 54,0-56,0 % штамів виявлено продукцію метало-β-лактамаз, що зумовлюють стійкість до карбапенемів. Всі штами були резистентними до цефалоспоринових антибіотиків, мали низьку чутливість до не-β-лактамних антибіотиків. Найбільш активним препаратом до A. baumannii залишається нетилміцин. </em>
ТРУДНОЩІ І ПОМИЛКИ ДИФЕРЕНЦІЙНОЇ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ПРИ ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗНОМУ МЕНІНГОЕНЦЕФАЛІТІ У ДИТИНИ 6,5 МІСЯЦІВ
Authors: Dasho M. B. , Lyshenyuk C. A. , Chulovska U. B. , Lytvyn H. O. 
Published: June 2016

<p><em>У контексті диференційної діагностики гострих інфекційних уражень центральної нервової системи (ЦНС) проаналізовано випадок туберкульозного менінгоенцефаліту у дитини першого року життя на всіх етапах його розвитку – від туберкульозу легень до генералізованої форми з ураженням ЦНС та причини, що призвели до пізньої (постмортальної) діагностики даного захворювання. </em></p>
α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Relieves Angiotensin II–Induced Senescence in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Raising Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide–Dependent SIRT1 Activity
Authors: Li Dong-Jie , Huang Fang , Ni Min , Fu Hui , Zhang Liang-Sheng , Shen Fu-Ming 
Published: June 2016

Objective—
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is a subtype of nAChR and has been reported to be involved in hypertension end-organ damage. In this study, we tested the role of α7nAChR in angiotensin II (Ang II)–induced senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

Approach and Results—

Expression of α7nAChR was not influenced by Ang II. Ang II induced remarkable senescent phenotypes in rodent and human VSMCs, including increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, phosphorylation of H2A.X
Ser139
, phosphorylation of Chk1
Ser317
, reduced replication, and downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Activation of α7nAChR with a selective agonist PNU-282987 blocked Ang II–induced senescence in cultured VSMCs. Moreover, PNU-282987 treatment attenuated the Ang II infusion–induced VSMC senescence in wild-type but not in α7nAChR
−/−
mice. PNU-282987 reduced the Ang II–enhanced reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and the expression of NADPH oxidase 1, NADPH oxidase 4, and p22
phox
in cultured VSMCs isolated from wild-type but not in α7nAChR
−/−
mice. Furthermore, PNU-282987 diminished Ang II–induced prosenescence signaling pathways, including p53, acetyl-p53, p21, and p16
INK4a
. Finally, although α7nAChR activation by PNU-282987 did not affect the Ang II–induced downregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), it significantly increased intracellular NAD
+
levels, and thereby enhanced SIRT1 activity in an AMP-dependent protein kinase–independent manner. Depletion of SIRT1 by knockdown or SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 abrogated the antisenescence effect of α7nAChR against Ang II.

Conclusions—

Our results demonstrate that activation of α7nAChR alleviates Ang II–induced VSMC senescence through promoting NAD
+
–SIRT1 pathway, suggesting that α7nAChR may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of Ang II–associated vascular aging disorders.
N-Terminal Pro-B–Type Natriuretic Peptide Is Related to Retinal Microvascular Damage
Authors: Mutlu Unal , Ikram M. Arfan , Hofman Albert , de Jong Paulus T.V.M. , Klaver Caroline C.W. , Ikram M. Kamran 
Published: June 2016

Objective—
N-terminal pro-B–type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a marker of cardiac dysfunction and has been linked to various indices of large vessel disease. However, it remains unclear whether NT-proBNP also relates to microvascular damage. In a community-dwelling population, we studied the association between NT-proBNP and retinal microvascular damage.

Approach and Results—
From the population-based Rotterdam Study, we included 8437 participants (mean age 64.1 years and 59% women) without a history of cardiovascular disease, with NT-proBNP data and gradable retinal images. NT-proBNP serum levels were measured using an immunoassay. Retinopathy signs, that is, exudates, microaneurysms, cotton wool spots, and dot/blot hemorrhages, present on fundus photographs were graded in the total study population; retinal vascular calibers, that is, arteriolar and venular calibers, were semiautomatically measured in a subsample (n=2763) of the study population. We conducted cross-sectional analyses on the association between NT-proBNP and retinal microvascular damage using logistic and linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors. We found that NT-proBNP was associated with the presence of retinopathy (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] per SD increase in natural log-transformed NT-proBNP: 1.14 [1.03–1.27]). We also found that higher NT-proBNP was associated with narrower arteriolar calibers (adjusted mean difference in arteriolar caliber per SD increase in natural log-transformed NT-proBNP: −0.89 µm [−1.54 to −0.24]). This association remained unchanged after excluding participants with retinopathy signs.

Conclusions—
In participants free of clinical cardiovascular disease, higher levels of NT-proBNP are associated with retinal microvascular damage, suggesting a potential role for NT-proBNP as marker for small vessel disease.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Is Associated With Executive Dysfunction and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Case Nevicia F. , Charlton Anna , Zwiers Angela , Batool Saima , McCreary Cheryl R. , Hogan David B. , Ismail Zahinoor , Zerna Charlotte , Coutts Shelagh B. , Frayne Richard , Goodyear Brad , Haffenden Angela , Smith Eric E. 
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose—
Autopsy studies suggest that cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is associated with cognitive impairment and risk for dementia. We analyzed neuropsychological test data from a prospective cohort study of patients with CAA to identify the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its associations with brain magnetic resonance imaging features and the apolipoprotein E genotype.

Methods—

Data were analyzed from 34 CAA, 16 Alzheimer’s disease, 69 mild cognitive impairment, and 27 ischemic stroke participants. Neuropsychological test results were expressed as
z
scores in relation to normative data provided by the test manuals and then grouped into domains of memory, executive function, and processing speed.

Results—

Mean test scores in CAA participants were significantly lower than norms for memory (−0.44±1.03;
P
=0.02), executive function (−1.14±1.07;
P
<0.001), and processing speed (−1.06±1.12;
P
<0.001). Twenty-seven CAA participants (79%) had mild cognitive impairment based on low cognitive performance accompanied by cognitive concerns. CAA participants had similarly low executive function scores as Alzheimer’s disease, but relatively preserved memory. CAA participants’ scores were lower than those of ischemic stroke controls for executive function and processing speed. Lower processing speed scores in CAA were associated with higher magnetic resonance imaging white matter hyperintensity volume. There were no associations with the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele.

Conclusions—
Mild cognitive impairment is very prevalent in CAA. The overall cognitive profile of CAA is more similar to that seen in vascular cognitive impairment rather than Alzheimer’s disease. White matter ischemic lesions may underlie some of the impaired processing speed in CAA.
The Response of an Idealized Atmosphere to Orographic Forcing: Zonal versus Meridional Propagation
Authors: Lutsko Nicholas J. , Held Isaac M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A dry atmospheric general circulation model is forced with large-scale, Gaussian orography in an attempt to isolate a regime in which the model responds linearly to orographic forcing and then to study the departures from linearity as the orography is increased in amplitude. In contrast to previous results, which emphasized the meridional propagation of orographically forced stationary waves, using the standard Held–Suarez (H–S) control climate, it is found that the linear regime is characterized by a meridionally trapped, zonally propagating wave. Meridionally trapped waves of this kind have been seen in other contexts, where they have been termed “circumglobal waves.” As the height of the orography is increased, the circumglobal wave coexists with a meridionally propagating wave and for large-enough heights the meridionally propagating wave dominates the response. A barotropic model on a sphere reproduces this trapped wave in the linear regime and also reproduces the transition to meridional propagation with increasing amplitude. However, mean-flow modification by the stationary waves is very different in the two models, making it difficult to argue that the transitions have the same causes. When adding asymmetry across the equator to the H–S control climate and placing the orography in the cooler hemisphere, it becomes harder to generate trapped waves in the GCM and the trapping becomes sensitive to the shape of the orography. The barotropic model overestimates the trapping in this case. These results suggest that an improved understanding of the role of circumglobal waves will be needed to understand the stationary wave field and its sensitivity to the changes in the zonal-mean climate.
Uncertainties in Projecting Future Changes in Atmospheric Rivers and Their Impacts on Heavy Precipitation over Europe
Authors: Gao Yang , Lu Jian , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the North Atlantic atmospheric rivers (ARs) making landfall over western Europe in the present and future climate from the multimodel ensemble of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Overall, CMIP5 captures the seasonal and spatial variations of historical landfalling AR days, with the large intermodel variability strongly correlated with the intermodel spread of historical near-surface westerly jet position. Under representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5), AR frequency is projected to increase significantly by the end of this century, with 127%–275% increase at peak AR frequency regions (45°–55°N). While thermodynamics plays a dominant role in the future increase of ARs, wind changes associated with the midlatitude jet shifts also significantly contribute to AR changes, resulting in dipole change patterns in all seasons. In the North Atlantic, the model-projected jet shifts are strongly correlated with the simulated historical jet position. As models exhibit predominantly equatorward biases in the historical jet position, the large poleward jet shifts reduce AR days south of the historical mean jet position through the dynamical connections between the jet positions and AR days. Using the observed historical jet position as an emergent constraint, dynamical effects further increase future AR days over the equatorward flank above the increases from thermodynamical effects. Compared to the present, both total and extreme precipitation induced by ARs in the future contribute more to the seasonal mean and extreme precipitation, primarily because of the increase in AR frequency. While AR precipitation intensity generally increases more relative to the increase in integrated vapor transport, AR extreme precipitation intensity increases much less.
Is one’s usual dinner companion associated with greater odds of depression? Using data from the 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Lee Sang Ah , Park Eun-Cheol , Ju Yeong Jun , Nam Jin Young , Kim Tae Hyun 
Published: June 2016

Background: Support from one’s family has been reported to have a positive effect on depression severity. Hence, family dinnertimes, when whole family can gather together, can be effective to depression by providing support from family. Aims: We investigate the association between the dinner companion and depression, and the differences in this association by gender, living arrangement and household composition. Methods: We used the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014 data. A total of 4,181 individuals were included. We classified participants by their dinner companions as follows: dinner with family, dinner with others and eating alone. Depression was measured by using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association. Result: Those who ate dinner alone (odds ratio (OR): 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–2.25) had higher depression rate compared to those who had dinner with family. The subgroup analysis indicated that men, those who live with others and those living in a second-generation household who ate dinner alone had greater odds of having depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Those who usually eat dinner alone have greater odds of developing depression compared to those who have dinner with their family. As such, family dinnertimes may help to alleviate depressive moods.
In Vivo Length Changes of the Anterolateral Ligament and Related Extra-articular Reconstructions
Authors: Van de Velde Samuel K. , Kernkamp William A. , Hosseini Ali , LaPrade Robert F. , van Arkel Ewoud R. , Li Guoan 
Published: June 2016

Background: Both anatomic anterolateral ligament (ALL) and nonanatomic anterolateral reconstructions are performed to improve the stability of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–deficient patients. However, the in vivo length change patterns and isometry of these anterolateral reconstructions are unknown. Purpose: To measure the theoretical length change patterns of the ALL and various anterolateral extra-articular reconstructions in healthy and ACL-deficient knees during in vivo weightbearing flexion. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten patients with an ACL injury in 1 knee and the contralateral side intact were included. By use of magnetic resonance and dual fluoroscopic imaging techniques, the changes in length of the ALL, modeled with its femoral attachment either anterior or posterior-proximal to the fibular collateral ligament (FCL) attachment, and nonanatomic extra-articular reconstructions were measured as a function of knee flexion and were compared between the intact and ACL-deficient knees. Results: The ALL, with its femoral attachment anterior to the FCL attachment, showed a consistent length increase of approximately 50% from 0° to 90° of knee flexion. The length change of the ALL was 20% ± 6% when its femoral attachment was placed posterior-proximal to the FCL. ACL deficiency did not affect ALL length. Even minor shifts in position around the rotational axis of the femur resulted in contrary ligament kinematic patterns. An extra-articular reconstruction with the femoral attachment proximal to the lateral epicondyle and the tibial attachment on the Gerdy tubercle increased 15% ± 4% in length from 0° to 60° and shortened at 90° of flexion. When the tibial fixation of the anatomic ALL with its femoral attachment posterior to the FCL was moved to the Gerdy tubercle, a 30% ± 4% length increase over 90° occurred, without the decrease in length at 90°. A significant length increase of both theoretical reconstruction grafts was seen at 0° in ACL-deficient knees. Conclusion: An anatomic ALL reconstruction as modeled based on recent anatomic studies was not isometric during in vivo knee flexion and was not affected by ACL deficiency. The nonanatomic extra-articular reconstructions demonstrated more biomechanically favorable length change patterns with the smallest percentage increase in elongation during knee flexion. Clinical Relevance: This study presents the first in vivo biomechanical data on the ALL, in both healthy and ACL-deficient knees, and provides surgical information that may be valuable for restoring normal anterolateral stability.