bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-Effectiveness of AI for Risk-Stratified Breast Cancer Screening
Authors: Hill Harry , Roadevin Cristina , Duffy Stephen , Mandrik Olena , Brentnall Adam 
Published: September 2024

ImportancePrevious research has shown good discrimination of short-term risk using an artificial intelligence (AI) risk prediction model (Mirai). However, no studies have been undertaken to evaluate whether this might translate into economic gains.ObjectiveTo assess the cost-effectiveness of incorporating risk-stratified screening using a breast cancer AI model into the United Kingdom (UK) National Breast Cancer Screening Program.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study, conducted from January 1, 2023, to January 31, 2024, involved the development of a decision analytical model to estimate health-related quality of life, cancer survival rates, and costs over the lifetime of the female population eligible for screening. The analysis took a UK payer perspective, and the simulated cohort consisted of women aged 50 to 70 years at screening.ExposuresMammography screening at 1 to 6 yearly screening intervals based on breast cancer risk and standard care (screening every 3 years).Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncremental net monetary benefit based on quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and National Health Service (NHS) costs (given in pounds sterling; to convert to US dollars, multiply by 1.28).ResultsArtificial intelligence–based risk-stratified programs were estimated to be cost-saving and increase QALYs compared with the current screening program. A screening schedule of every 6 years for lowest-risk individuals, biannually and triennially for those below and above average risk, respectively, and annually for those at highest risk was estimated to give yearly net monetary benefits within the NHS of approximately £60.4 (US $77.3) million and £85.3 (US $109.2) million, with QALY values set at £20 000 (US $25 600) and £30 000 (US $38 400), respectively. Even in scenarios where decision-makers hesitate to allocate additional NHS resources toward screening, implementing the proposed strategies at a QALY value of £1 (US $1.28) was estimated to generate a yearly monetary benefit of approximately £10.6 (US $13.6) million.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this decision analytical model study of integrating risk-stratified screening with a breast cancer AI model into the UK National Breast Cancer Screening Program, risk-stratified screening was likely to be cost-effective, yielding added health benefits at reduced costs. These results are particularly relevant for health care settings where resources are under pressure. New studies to prospectively evaluate AI-guided screening appear warranted.
Inpatient Care and Outcomes Among People With Cancer Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Shah Kanan , Santos Patricia Mae G. , Boe Lillian A. , Barnes Justin M. , Tao Anna , Tsai C. Jillian , Chino Fumiko 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceCancer is a leading cause of death among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) in the US. Acute care settings are important sources of care for PEH; however, the association of housing status with inpatient care remains understudied, particularly in the context of cancer.ObjectiveTo assess whether housing status is associated with differences in the inpatient care of hospitalized adults with cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study included hospitalized inpatient adults aged 18 years or older diagnosed with cancer who were identified using data from the 2016 to 2020 National Inpatient Sample. Propensity score matching was used to create a cohort of PEH and housed individuals matched according to age, sex, race and ethnicity, insurance type, cancer diagnosis, number of comorbidities, substance use disorder, severity of illness, year of admission, hospital location, hospital ownership, region, and hospital bed size. Matched pairs were identified using a 1:1 nearest neighbor matching algorithm without replacement, accounting for survey weights. Data were analyzed from August 1, 2022, to April 30, 2024.ExposureHousing status.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe associations of receipt of invasive procedures, systemic therapy, or radiotherapy during hospitalization (primary outcomes) as well as inpatient death, high cost of stay, and discharge against medical advice (AMA) (secondary outcomes) with housing status. Odds ratios and 95% CIs were estimated with multivariable logistic regression, with adjustment for patient, disease, and hospital characteristics of the matched cohort.ResultsThe unmatched cohort comprised 13 838 612 individuals (median [IQR] age, 67 [57-76] years; 7 329 473 males [53.0%]) and included 13 793 462 housed individuals (median [IQR] age, 68 [58-77] years) and 45 150 (median [IQR] age, 58 [52-64] years) individuals who were experiencing homelessness after accounting for survey weights. The PEH cohort had a higher prevalence of lung (17.3% vs 14.5%) and upper gastrointestinal (15.2% vs 10.5%) cancers, comorbid substance use disorder (70.2% vs 15.3%), and HIV (5.3% vs 0.5%). Despite having higher rates of moderate or major illness severity (80.1% vs 74.0%) and longer length of stay (≥5 days: 62.2% vs 49.1%), PEH were less likely to receive invasive procedures (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.49-0.56), receive systemic therapy (AOR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.63-0.85), or have a higher-than-median cost of stay (AOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65-0.77). Although PEH had lower rates of inpatient death (AOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68-0.92), they were 4 times more likely to be discharged AMA (AOR, 4.29; 95% CI, 3.63-5.06).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this nationally representative cross-sectional study of hospitalized adults with cancer, disparities in inpatient care of PEH highlight opportunities to promote equitable cancer care in this socioeconomically vulnerable population.
Mechanically Robust Gelatin Gel for Sensitive Touch Sensor Based on Electrode Potential
Authors: Wei Shicheng , Xu Jun , Zhao Wenfei , Li Xinyang , Zhao Wenpeng , Yan Shouke 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGelatin hydrogel with excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility is widely used in drug delivery, electronic devices, and flexible sensors. However, it is prone to dehydration, which severely restricts its applications. The incorporation of hydrated ions, for example choline chloride (ChCl), can not only improve its water retention capacity but also keep its biocompatibility. Unfortunately, the improvement in water retention is realized at the expense of mechanical properties because the ChCl can suppress the crystallization of gelatin. Here, ChCl is introduced into gelatin hydrogel using a simple post‐treatment to simultaneously improve its water retention capacity and mechanical properties. As a result, the resultant gelatin gel possesses a maximum fracture strength of 5.4 MPa with a strain of 623% and can maintain its weight for at least 30 days. In addition, the gelatin gel exhibits intriguing properties, such as self‐healing, anti‐freezing, anti‐drying, recycling, conductivity, and moldability, which can be successfully served as wearable sensors to monitor human movements. Further, a sensitive touch sensor based on electrode potential is established for the first time using the obtained gel, which can transmit messages through the touch potential signal.
Engineered Functional Segments Enabled Mechanically Robust, Intrinsically Fire‐Retardant, Switchable, Degradable PolyureThane Adhesives
Authors: Xue Yijiao , Zhang Meng , Huo Siqi , Ma Zhewen , Lynch Mark , Tuten Bryan T , Sun Ziqi , Zheng Wei , Zhou Yonghong , Song Pingan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdhesives are being used ubiquitously, such as automotive, building, electronics, and beyond. Due to the lack of rational design strategies, they have yet to achieve a performance portfolio: mechanically robust, highly adhesive, fire‐retardant, switchable, and sustainable (e.g., biobased, reusable, biodegradable) to ensure their practical applications. Herein, a fire‐retardant phosphorus‐containing pimaric acid bio‐derivative, AD, as functional segments, is rationally engineered to prepare biobased polyurethane (PU) adhesive that realizes such an integrated performance portfolio. Because of dynamic hydrogen‐bonding and π–π stacking of polar AD, the as‐prepared PU adhesive exhibits an ultrahigh adhesion force of 38.8 N cm–1. As‐prepared adhesive can be readily reused benefiting from its good solubility in ethanol and exhibits temperature‐responsive switchable adhesion without degraded adhesion. Also, the adhesive shows intrinsic fire retardance due to its biphasic modes of action. The labile ester bonds in the structure enable the adhesive to completely degrade in the presence of lipase or dilute acid. Further demonstration of its promising applications as an adhesive for nanocomposite heat dissipators shows superior dissipating efficiencies to commercial heat sinks. This work offers a novel design approach for creating next‐generation sustainable high‐performance adhesives with functional integration and circular life cycles, which are anticipated to find extensive real‐world applications.
A Water Solution Processed Hybrid Electron Transport Layer Simultaneously Enhances Efficiency and Stability in Inverted Structure Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Suo Zhaochen , Li Longyu , Liu Jian , Yao Zhaoyang , Li Chenxi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAchieving both high efficiency and stability in organic solar cells (OSCs) remains a significant challenge. Inverted structure OSCs, compared to those with a normal structure, show great potential for combining high efficiency with enhanced stability. However, despite their improved stability, the efficiencies of inverted OSCs still lag behind those of conventional structure OSCs, largely due to the performance of electron transport layers (ETLs). Herein, a water‐soluble hybrid ETL is developed by modifying SnO2 nanoparticles with an aqueous potassium carboxylate salt, PMA. This modification effectively passivates the oxygen vacancy defects in the SnO2 nanoparticles and eliminates the light soaking issue observed in the control device. As a result, the PM6:Y6‐based device shows an improvement in efficiency from 16.68% to 17.85% with PMA modification. Notably, an exceptional efficiency of 19.07% is achieved for the PM6:BTP‐eC9‐based device using this hybrid ETL, marking the highest efficiency reported to date for single‐junction inverted OSCs. In addition, all tested OSCs with the hybrid ETL demonstrate superior stability under both thermal and light illumination at the maximum power point compared to the control devices. Furthermore, utilizing this water‐processed hybrid ETL, a large‐area module based on PM6:BO‐4Cl is fabricated and shows an outstanding efficiency of 15.02%.
Dual‐Mode Flexible Electrophoretic E‐Paper with Integration of Alternating Current Electroluminescent Technology for Ubiquitous Ambient Light Applications
Authors: Shi Jintao , Fan Qitian , Zhu Simu , Gu Yifan , Liu Guangyou , Zhou Tao , Chen Weichun , Xiong Feng , Peng Lisha , Li Longda , Qin Zong , Deng Shaozhi , Yang Bo‐Ru 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReflective e‐paper displays show promising prospects with the increasing demand for energy‐efficient and sustainable technologies. However, the intrinsic incapability to display in dark environments hinders their broader application, and it is significantly important to enable reflective displays to achieve good display effects under various lighting conditions. Here, a flexible dual‐mode display device is proposed, which can demonstrate both reflective and emissive modes and achieve swift and straightforward mode switching by altering the driving waveforms. The single display layer of the device is formed by uniformly dispersing microcapsules and electroluminescent powder within the waterborne polyurethane dielectric matrix, which exhibits a reflective contrast ratio of 5.6 and a maximum luminance of 107.5 cd m−2. At the same time, the device possesses the merits of fast response speed at the millisecond level, high‐performance stability, and good mechanical robustness. Besides, through the waveform design, a reflection‐emission hybrid mode is proposed for more diverse display effects. Furthermore, a concept of dual‐mode contrast ratio is established, which further pinpoints the reflection‐emission transition points, thereby prompting the balance between energy‐saving and watching experience.
Effects of Amino Compounds and Zeolite Matrix on the Afterglow Performance of Carbon Dots@Zeolite Composites
Authors: Yang Xin , Li Jiyang , Lu Siyu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAt present, the regulation mechanism of the number and type of amino groups in the precursor and the number of alkyl chains in amine compounds on afterglow performance is not clear. To address this problem, a series of amine compounds as carbon sources is designed and utilized AlPO‐5 zeolite as the matrix to create a range of carbon dots@zeolite composite materials (CDs@AlPO‐5). N heteroatoms not only increase the potential for triplet emission but also introduce more N/O (C═O/C═N/N─H bonds) into the system as the number of amino groups increases. The introduction of abundant active groups and the strong interaction between carbon dots (CDs) and molecular sieve matrix induces a red shift in the afterglow emission wavelength and an increase in lifetime. The quantum yields (QYs) of CDs@AlPO‐5 are affected by the type of amino groups and the number of alkyl chains in the carbon source. The higher activity of the amino reaction site and the reduction in the number of alkyl chains help to regulate the afterglow emission behavior. Intelligent selection of the type and number of amino groups is an important step toward broadening the basis for controllable preparation of highly efficient afterglow materials based on CDs.
Engineering of Bioresorbable Polymers for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Dobrzyńska‐Mizera Monika , Dodda Jagan Mohan , Liu Xiaohua , Knitter Monika , Oosterbeek Reece N. , Salinas Pablo , Pozo Eduardo , Ferreira Ana Marina , Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHerein, the recent advances in the development of resorbable polymeric‐based biomaterials, their geometrical forms, resorption mechanisms, and their capabilities in various biomedical applications are critically reviewed. A comprehensive discussion of the engineering approaches for the fabrication of polymeric resorbable scaffolds for tissue engineering, drug delivery, surgical, cardiological, aesthetical, dental and cardiovascular applications, are also explained. Furthermore, to understand the internal structures of resorbable scaffolds, representative studies of their evaluation by medical imaging techniques, e.g., cardiac computer tomography, are succinctly highlighted. This approach provides crucial clinical insights which help to improve the materials’ suitable and viable characteristics for them to meet the highly restrictive medical requirements. Finally, the aspects of the legal regulations and the associated challenges in translating research into desirable clinical and marketable materials of polymeric‐based formulations, are presented.
Bi‐Pt Heterojunction Cascade Reaction Platform for Sono‐Immunotherapy of Tumors via PANoptosis and Ferroptosis
Authors: Wu Sijia , Wang Qian , Du Jun , Zhu Lejin , Yang Fujun , Lu Jiacheng , Li Xueyu , Li Yuhao , Cui Jingtao , Miao Yuqing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) represents a promising, noninvasive, and precise treatment modality for tumors, demonstrating significant potential in clinical applications. However, the efficiency of sonosensitizers in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) is often limited by rapid electron‐hole recombination. In this study, BiF3@BiOI is synthesized via a co‐precipitation method, followed by in‐situ reduction to decorate it with Pt nanoparticles, resulting in BiF3@BiOI@Pt‐PVP (BBP) nanocomposite for enhancing SDT efficacy. The formation of the BiF3@BiOI heterojunction enhances charge separation ability. The decoration of Pt nanoparticles narrows the bandgap and alters the band positions and Fermi level of BBP, which can effectively mitigate the rapid recombination of electron‐hole pairs and facilitate a cascade reaction of ROS, thereby improving ROS generation efficiency with ultrasound excitation. Additionally, bismuth ions in BBP and the generated holes consume glutathione, exacerbating cellular oxidative damage, and triggering PANoptosis and ferroptosis. Furthermore, Pt nanoparticles demonstrate peroxidase‐like activity, catalyzing endogenous hydrogen peroxide to oxygen. These functions are helpful against tumors for alleviating hypoxic conditions, reshaping the microenvironment, modulating immune cell infiltration capacity, and enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy. The dual strategy of forming heterojunctions and sensitization with noble metals effectively enhances the efficacy of sono‐catalytic therapy‐induced immune activation in tumor treatment.
Five‐Axis Curved‐Surface Multi‐Material Printing on Conformal Surface to Construct Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery Modules
Authors: Meng Fanbo , Ren Yujin , Ping Bu , Huang Jin , Li Peng , Chen Xihao , Wang Ning , Li Hui , Zhang Lei , Zhang Siwen , Hu Yingfang , Yu Zhi Gen , Yin Bosi , Ma Tianyi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCompact batteries and electronic devices offer a plethora of advantages, including space optimization, portability, integration capability, responsiveness, and reliability. These attributes are crucial technical enablers for the design and implementation of various electronic devices and systems within scientific exploration. Thus, the group harnesses additive manufacturing technology, specifically utilizing five‐axis curved‐surface multi‐material printing equipment, to fabricate aqueous zinc‐ion batteries with tungsten‐doped manganese dioxide cathode for enhanced adaptability and customization. The five‐axis linkage motion system facilitates shorter ion transportation paths for compact batteries and ensures precise and efficient molding of non‐developable curved surfaces. Afterward, the compact cell is integrated with a printed nano‐silver serpentine resistor temperature sensor, and an integrated functional circuit is created using intense‐pulse sintering. Incorporating an emitting Light Emitting Diode (LED) allows temperature measurement through variations in LED brightness. The energy storage module with a high degree of conformity on the carrier surface has the advantages of small size and improved space utilization. The capability to produce Zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) on curved surfaces presents new avenues for innovation in energy storage technologies, paving the way for the realization of flexible and conformal power sources.
Exploring the Enhancement of Photocatalytic Performance in TiO2 based Hollow Composites: Size Effect of the Adsorbed CeO2 Particles
Authors: Liang Zheng Fu , Chen Yi Che , Hsu Pei Kai , Gloter Alexandre , Song Jenn‐Ming , Chen Shih Yun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe photocatalytic (PC) behavior of CeO2–TiO2 hollow composites with different heterojunction structures are investigated. The composites are fabricated by combining TiO2 hollow spheres and CeO2 nanoparticles with changing the ratio between Ce and Ti. High‐resolution microscopic and spectroscopic analysis demonstrates that three types of cerium‐bearing structures form on the surface of the titania. The first involves Ce atoms adsorbed onto the surface of TiO2 particles. The second occurs with small CeO2 particles, ≈2 nm in size, resulting from the aggregation of the adsorbed Ce atoms, thus forming a CeO2–TiO2 heterojunction. The last type is obtained through the growth of the CeO2 particles up to 10 nm in size. All the CeO2–TiO2 composites exhibit enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation compared to mere CeO2 or TiO2 nanoparticles. The synergistic effect of these three structures leads to a competition between size effects and interface interactions, which affects the band alignment, the number of defects, and, consequently, the PC activity. The highest PC reaction rate constant under visible light reaches up to 0.017 min−1 and is achieved when the CeO2 nanoparticle size is smaller than its Debye length.
Addressing Freshwater Scarcity and Hydrogen Production: Offshore Wind and Reverse Osmosis Synergies
Authors: Ishaq Haris , Crawford Curran 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is imperative to mitigate climate change and achieve sustainable development goals (SGDs). Hydrogen, as a clean energy carrier, holds great potential for decarbonizing various sectors, yet its production remains predominantly reliant on fossil fuels. This study explores a novel approach to sustainable hydrogen production by integrating offshore wind energy with reverse osmosis (RO) desalination technology. The proposed configuration harnesses offshore wind power to energize both a RO desalination system and water electrolysis unit. Initially, the wind energy powers the RO desalination process, purifying seawater, and then desalinated water is directed to water electrolysis system for generating green hydrogen directly from seawater. The resulting renewable hydrogen holds potential for diverse applications, including marine industries, and can be transported onshore as needed. The RO system is configured to treat 20 kg s−1 of seawater with a salinity of 35 000 ppm, aiming for a high recovery ratio and reduced freshwater salinity. A pressure exchanger (PX) is integrated to recover energy from high‐pressure brine stream and transfer it to the low‐pressure feed water, thus reducing the overall energy consumption of the RO process. The concentrated brine extracted from RO desalination is proposed to be utilized for the production of sodium hydroxide that can further pretreat incoming seawater and enhance the effectiveness of the filtration process by mitigating membrane fouling. This pressure exchanger increases the energy efficiency of the RO system from 63.1% to 64.0% and exergetic efficiency from 13.9% to 18.2% increasing the overall first and second law efficiencies to 37.9% and 33.5%. By leveraging offshore wind power to drive RO desalination systems, this research not only addresses freshwater scarcity but also facilitates green hydrogen generation, contributing to the advancement of renewable energy solutions and fostering environmental sustainability.
Nanoarchitecture‐Integrated Hydrogel Boosts Angiogenesis–Osteogenesis–Neurogenesis Tripling for Infected Bone Fracture Healing
Authors: Zha Kangkang , Hu Weixian , Xiong Yuan , Zhang Shengming , Tan Meijun , Bu Pengzhen , Zhao Yanzhi , Zhang Wenqian , Lin Ze , Hu Yiqiang , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali , Feng Qian , Liu Guohui , Mi Bobin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInfected fracture healing is a complicated process that includes intricate interactions at the cellular and molecular levels. In addition to angiogenesis and osteogenesis, the significance of neurogenesis in fracture healing has also been recognized in recent years. Here, a nanocomposite hydrogel containing pH‐responsive zinc‐gallium‐humic acids (HAs) nanoparticles is developed. Through the timed release of Zn2+, Ga3+, and HAs, the hydrogel exhibits potent antibacterial effects and promotes angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and neurogenesis. The enhanced neurogenesis further promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis, forming a mutually supportive angiogenesis–osteogenesis–neurogenesis cycle at the fracture site. The hydrogel achieves rapid infected fracture healing and improves tissue regeneration in mice. This study proposes a comprehensive treatment approach that combines antibacterial effects with the regulation of tissue regeneration to improve infected fracture healing.