bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Полемика вокруг ‘ибадат между Шигабутдином Марджани и его оппонентами
Authors: Mardanova Dinara 
Published: June 2017

Dinara Mardanova's article is focused on the problem of Ijtihād and Taqlīd through the debates of Tatar 'ulama' concerning the reform of Muslim law in the section of worship (ibādah). In connection with the problem of Ijtihād and Taqlīd the following issues are discussed: the question of the night prayer 'isha in the Volga-Ural region, the problem of the authority of legal sources, the question of the use of rational methods of cognition in religion as Shariah evidence. All these issues began to be widely discussed after the publication of the work of the famous writer and scholar Sh. Mardjani Nazura al-hakk in 1870. His work provoked the appearance of a number of critical essays, the most famous of which was Jaruda (1874). The analysis of the unfolding debates between Marjani and his opponents allows to see how Muslim scholars adapted the Islamic legal tradition to the social realities of life in the Russian Empire under the conditions of modernizing traditional society.
Optimization of critical process parameters for amylase production by Bacillus sp. using statistical approach (RSM)
Authors: Singh Rachna , Sharma Deepak Chand , Gupta Mahendra Kumar 
Published: June 2017

The aim of this work was to optimize the process parameters through the statistical approach for the production of alpha amylase by Bacillus sp. in submerged fermentation (SMF). Initially critical physical and chemical process parameters influencing the enzyme production were identified by Plackett-Burman method (eleven variables, seven nutritional, two physical and two dummies) were analyzed. Then optimum levels of most influencing parameters affecting amylase production were obtained by CCD and results were analyzed by standard analysis of variance (ANOVA). The effect of interaction of physiochemical parameters on the amylase production (z axis) was studied by plotting three dimensional response surface curves against any two independent variables. A high similarity was observed between the predicted and experimental results, which reflected the accuracy and applicability of RSM to optimize the process for enzyme production. As a result of RSM the optimum values for starch concentration -0.65%, (NH4)2SO4 -0.55% and pH- 8.33. As a result of media optimization, a titre of 1, 22,000 U/L-1 was achieved. A total of 2.4 fold increase in enzyme activity was observed.
Corporalidades y subjetividades sexuales: el caso de las mujeres excombatientes de las guerrillas colombianas
Authors: Mejía Jerez Yuly Andrea , Anctil Avoine Priscyll 
Published: June 2017

El ingreso temprano de mujeres a grupos armados al margen de la ley implica la vivencia de experiencias que transmutan roles de género tradicionales, el cuidado del cuerpo, la construcción de la sexualidad y de las subjetividades. Dentro de la estructura bélica, y posteriormente, en el proceso de reintegración, las mujeres se enfrentan a múltiples decisiones en las distintas etapas de su sexualidad. Con el fin del conflicto armado con las FARC-EP, ellas se encuentran en un nuevo momento de sus vidas, pasando del contexto caracterizado por el miedo, la violencia y las ausencias estatales, a asumir otras posiciones sociales como futuras agentes de cambio. El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre las dimensiones corporales de las mujeres en las guerrillas colombianas, para contrastar el impacto de la violencia y el conflicto en la constitución de las subjetividades desde una dimensión sexual y de género. Para ello, se utiliza la metodología cualitativa de análisis documental y, además, se tienen en cuenta observaciones a partir de investigaciones anteriores realizadas con la Corporación Descontamina.
Evaluation of the Reliability, Validity, and Predictive Validity of the Subscales of the Perceived Stress Scale in Older Adults
Authors: Jiang Julie M. , Seng Elizabeth K. , Zimmerman Molly E. , Sliwinski Martin , Kim Mimi , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: June 2017

Background: The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is made up of two subscales but is typically used as a single summary measure. However, research has shown that the two subscales may have differential properties in older adults. Objective: To evaluate the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and the concurrent and predictive validity for development of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) of the positively-worded (PSS-PW) and negatively-worded (PSS-NW) subscale scores of the PSS in older adults. Methods: We recruited community residing older adults free of dementia from the Einstein Aging Study. Reliability of the PSS-PW and PSS-NW was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency and intraclass correlation for one year test-retest reliability. Concurrent validity was evaluated by examining the relationship between the PSS subscales and depression, anxiety, neuroticism, and positive and negative affect. Predictive validity was assessed using multivariate Cox regression analyses to examine the relationship between baseline PSS-PW and PSS-NW score and subsequent onset of aMCI. Results: Both PSS-PW and PSS-NW showed adequate internal consistency and retest reliabilities. Both the PSS-PW and PSS-NW were associated with depression, neuroticism, and negative affect. The PSS-NW was uniquely associated with anxiety while the PSS-PW was uniquely associated with positive affect. Only the PSS-PW was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of incident aMCI (HR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.06–1.51 for every 5-point increase in PSS-PW). Conclusions: Evaluating the separate effects of the two PSS subscales may reveal more information than simply using a single summation score. Future research should investigate the PSS-PW and PSS-NW as separate subscales.
Extraction, characterization and evaluation of Eruca sativa against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rat
Authors: Kishore Lalit , Kaur Navpreet , Kajal Anu , Singh Randhir 
Published: June 2017

The present study was aimed to evaluate petroleum ether and hydroalcohol extracts of Eruca sativa seeds in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in the rat model. GC-MS analysis of petroleum ether extract revealed the presence of fatty acids and erucic acid. Quercetin and kaempferol were isolated from the hydroalcohol extract. Diabetes was induced in rat by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg i.p.) 15 min after nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Both the extracts at different doses produced a significant attenuation in the elevated serum glucose level. Elevated renal parameters, lipid and anti-oxidant enzyme levels were restored in a dose-dependant manner. Moreover, both extracts produced significant reduction in the formation of advanced glycation end products in the kidney. These findings suggest that E. sativa might inhibit the progression of diabetic nephropathy and could be a therapeutic agent for the management of diabetic nephropathy.
Video Clip of Methodology:
Extraction of compounds from seeds: 3 min 45 sec Full Screen Alternate
High Angular Momentum Halo Gas: A Feedback and Code-independent Prediction of LCDM
Authors: Stewart Kyle R. , Maller Ariyeh H. , Oñorbe Jose , Bullock James S. , Joung M. Ryan , Devriendt Julien , Ceverino Daniel , Kereš Dušan , Hopkins Philip F. , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We investigate angular momentum acquisition in Milky Way-sized galaxies by comparing five high resolution zoom-in simulations, each implementing identical cosmological initial conditions but utilizing different hydrodynamic codes: Enzo, Art, Ramses, Arepo, and Gizmo-PSPH. Each code implements a distinct set of feedback and star formation prescriptions. We find that while many galaxy and halo properties vary between the different codes (and feedback prescriptions), there is qualitative agreement on the process of angular momentum acquisition in the galaxy’s halo. In all simulations, cold filamentary gas accretion to the halo results in ∼4 times more specific angular momentum in cold halo gas (λ
cold ≳ 0.1) than in the dark matter halo. At z > 1, this inflow takes the form of inspiraling cold streams that are co-directional in the halo of the galaxy and are fueled, aligned, and kinematically connected to filamentary gas infall along the cosmic web. Due to the qualitative agreement among disparate simulations, we conclude that the buildup of high angular momentum halo gas and the presence of these inspiraling cold streams are robust predictions of Lambda Cold Dark Matter galaxy formation, though the detailed morphology of these streams is significantly less certain. A growing body of observational evidence suggests that this process is borne out in the real universe.
z ∼ 2: An Epoch of Disk Assembly
Authors: Simons Raymond C. , Kassin Susan A. , Weiner Benjamin J. , Faber Sandra M. , Trump Jonathan R. , Heckman Timothy M. , Koo David C. , Pacifici Camilla , Primack Joel R. , Snyder Gregory F. , Vega Alexander de la 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We explore the evolution of the internal gas kinematics of star-forming galaxies from the peak of cosmic star formation at

z
∼
2

to today. Measurements of galaxy rotation velocity V
rot, which quantify ordered motions, and gas velocity dispersion

σ

g

, which quantify disordered motions, are adopted from the DEEP2 and SIGMA surveys. This sample covers a continuous baseline in redshift over

0.1

<

z

<

2.5

, spanning 10 Gyr. At low redshift, nearly all sufficiently massive star-forming galaxies are rotationally supported (

V

rot

>

σ

g

). By z = 2, 50% and 70% of galaxies are rotationally supported at low (

10

9

–

10

10

M

⊙

) and high (

10

10

–

10

11

M

⊙

) stellar mass, respectively. For

V

rot

>

3

σ

g

, the percentage drops below 35% for all masses. From z = 2 to now, galaxies exhibit remarkably smooth kinematic evolution on average. All galaxies tend toward rotational support with time, and higher-mass systems reach it earlier. This is largely due to a mass-independent decline in

σ

g

by a factor of 3 since z = 2. Over the same time period, V
rot increases by a factor of 1.5 in low-mass systems but does not evolve at high mass. These trends in V
rot and

σ

g

are at a fixed stellar mass and therefore should not be interpreted as evolutionary tracks for galaxy populations. When populations are linked in time via abundance matching,

σ

g

declines as before and V
rot strongly increases with time for all galaxy populations, enhancing the evolution in

V

rot

/

σ

g

. These results indicate that

z
=
2

is a period of disk assembly, during which strong rotational support is only just beginning to emerge.
Discovery of Variable Hydrogen Balmer Absorption Lines with Inverse Decrement in PG 1411+442
Authors: Shi Xi-Heng , Pan Xiang , Zhang Shao-Hua , Sun Lu-Ming , Wang Jian-Guo , Ji Tuo , Yang Chen-Wei , Liu Bo , Jiang Ning , Zhou Hong-Yan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We present new optical spectra of the well-known broad absorption line (BAL) quasar PG 1411+442, using the DBSP spectrograph at the Palomar 200 inch telescope in 2014 and 2017 and the YFOSC spectrograph at the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope in 2015. A blueshifted narrow absorption line system is clearly revealed in 2014 and 2015 consisting of hydrogen Balmer series and metastable He i lines. The velocity of these lines is similar to the centroid velocity of the UV BALs, suggesting that both originate from the outflow. The Balmer lines vary significantly between the two observations and vanished in 2017. They were also absent in the archived spectra obtained before 2001. The variation is thought to be driven by photoionization change. Besides, the absorption lines show inversed Balmer decrement, i.e., the apparent optical depths of higher-order Balmer absorption lines are larger than those of lower-order lines, which is inconsistent with the oscillator strengths of the transitions. We suggest that such anomalous line ratios can be naturally explained by the thermal structure of a background accretion disk, which allows the obscured part of the disk to contribute differently to the continuum flux at different wavelengths. High-resolution spectroscopic and photometric monitoring would be very useful to probe the structure of the accretion disk as well as the geometry and physical conditions of the outflow.
Repeating FRB 121102: Eight-year Fermi-LAT Upper Limits and Implications
Authors: Zhang Bin-Bin , Zhang Bing 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The repeating fast radio burst (FRB) source that produced FRB 121102 was recently localized in a star-forming galaxy at z = 0.193, which is associated with an extended radio source at the burst location. One possibility is that the repeating FRBs are produced by a new-born magnetar, which also powers the radio nebula. If so, the magnetar may produce γ-ray emission due to magnetic dipolar spin-down. The luminosity depends on the magnetar spin parameters and age. We process the eight-year Fermi-LAT data at the position of FRB 121102 and place an energy flux upper limit of

in time bins with six-month intervals, and an accumulated energy flux upper limit of

over the eight-year span. The corresponding γ-ray luminosity upper limits are

and

for the time-resolved and time-integrated analyses, respectively. We discuss the implications of these limits on the young magnetar model.
Un corps social en travail
Authors: Goguel d'Allondans Thierry 
Published: June 2017

Le travail social ne s’est pas construit en un jour. Il s’est nourri à la fois des idées de grands pédagogues issus de divers champs disciplinaires (philosophie, théologie, sociologie, psychologie, psychanalyse, anthropologie, entre autres). Il n’est pas inutile de revenir à ces références premières pour au moins trois raisons : elles contiennent les valeurs fondatrices du travail social, elles relèvent la permanence de la recherche dans ces domaines, elles irriguent une éthique du sujet très éloigné des logiques actuelles (management, compétences, performance, qualité…).
Chine : le travail social sous influences
Authors: Guo Wenjing 
Published: June 2017

Au début du XX e siècle, l’introduction et le développement du travail social en Chine furent étroitement liés aux activités philanthropiques issues des missions religieuses chrétiennes. Cette tradition fut interrompue avec l’arrivée au pouvoir du Parti communiste et la fondation de la République Populaire de Chine en 1949. Aujourd’hui, la « confluence » du travail social avec la philanthropie et l’intérêt public semble de mise notamment dans l’objectif d’une mutualisation des ressources.
Ville et musique, essai d’historiographie critique
Authors: Campos Rémy 
Published: June 2017

Cet essai tente de dégager les lignes de force organisant le champ des études sur la musique dans la ville, domaine que les historiens et les musicologues ont renouvelé en profondeur dans les trente dernières années. L’article distingue trois grands types d’approches : une histoire sociale s’interrogeant sur les relations réciproques de la ville et des musiques qui s’y font, une géographie historique attachée aux formes spatiales de la pratique musicale et enfin une analyse des paysages sonores insistant sur la dimension sensible des lieux. L’article s’efforce de dresser un bilan critique des propositions anglophones ( urban musicology, soundscape studies ) ainsi que des contributions en langue française en mettant un accent particulier sur les problèmes soulevés par des approches transdisciplinaires dont les dimensions théoriques ne sont que rarement explicitées.
Starting Point on the Development of Environemental Risk Management Compe-tences: experiential learning
Authors: Martín Rubio Irene , Tarquis Ana María , Andina Diego 
Published: June 2017

<p><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">One of the characteristics of the European Space of Higher Education </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">is to consider university degrees in terms of learning outcomes, and essentially expressed in forms of competence. Competencies represent a dynamic combination of attributes such as knowledge and its application, attitudes and responsibilities that describe the learning outcomes of a particular program.</span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Transversal competences, such as competences towards environmental </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">risk management, are part of the general characteristics of human action in economic and technical environments.</span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The training, evaluation and development of professional competences can present different approaches and teaching-learning methodologies. In our study, we focus on learning from experience. With the evaluation of students' learning styles, we can begin to know how our students begin to develop their skills towards environmental risk management. </span></em></p>
Presentation of Energy and Services Companies (Escos) Observatory in Spain
Authors: González Sanchez E , Martínez Beloto J , MARTÍN RUBIO Irene , Florence Sandoval Antonio E. 
Published: June 2017

<p><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The Observatory on the Market of Energy Services Companies (ESEs) 2016 in Spain has been jointly conducted by ANESE and the Higher Technical School of Engineering and Industrial Design of</span></em><span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></em></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Technical </span></em><span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></em></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">University of Madrid.</span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The core of the study was based on the analysis of the data obtained from a specifically designed questionnaire, which has been completed by numerous representatives of ESEs in Spain.</span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The questionnaire has allowed to study</span></em><span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></em></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">the ESE market, showing a detailed vision of its true protagonists, the ESEs. In this way, it is possible to know the main opportunities and barriers for the development of the business.</span></em></p>
Autologous Cultivated Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation after Failed Previous Limbal Graft
Authors: Knutsson Karl A. , Matuska Stanislav , Rama Paolo 
Published: June 2017

Purpose To describe a case of unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) with previously failed autologous graft, resolved by ocular surface reconstruction using cultured autologous limbal stem cells from the contralateral eye. Case Report A 35-year-old patient presented to our clinic with LSCD due to a unilateral alkali burn. The patient had received a previous limbal graft from the contralateral eye that had failed to impede corneal conjunctivalization. We decided to repeat limbal stem cell transplantation using an ex vivo cultivation procedure to reduce the risk of tissue harvesting on the healthy fellow eye. A small limbal biopsy (1.5 × 1.5 mm) near the previously excised limbus was performed. Stem cells were then isolated and cultured on fibrin and a 3T3 feeder cell layer using a standard protocol. Four months later, the cultivated cells on fibrin were grafted after pannus removal. In the subsequent months, the ocular surface stabilized and inflammation decreased. Two years later, the patient underwent large tectonic lamellar keratoplasty for severe corneal thinning involving the entire cornea, and 6 months later central penetrating keratoplasty and extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation and pupilloplasty was performed. Following reconstruction, the patient showed improved best-corrected vision from count fingers to 20/200 due to amblyopia, and the ocular surface was stable with a transparent corneal graft. Conclusions Ex vivo limbal stem cell transplantation is a valid technique for treating LSCD and can be utilized for treating patients who have had previous failed limbal grafts.
Prevalence and incidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension: 10-year follow-up of an unselected systemic sclerosis cohort
Authors: Vandecasteele Els , Melsens Karin , Thevissen Kristof , De Pauw Michel , Deschepper Ellen , Decuman Saskia , Piette Yves , De Keyser Filip , Brusselle Guy , Smith Vanessa 
Published: June 2017

Introduction Early screening for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) improves outcome. Therefore, we evaluated the screening for PAH during the 10-year follow-up of an unselected prospective SSc cohort by calculating the prevalence and the incidence rate of PAH and we compared the screening before and after implementation of the 2009 European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society (ESC/ERS) guidelines. Methods Data were evaluated from each SSc-specific visit of 362 consecutive SSc patients included in the SSc Cohort of the Ghent University between May 2006 and December 2015. Results Of the 362 included patients, 23.2% had limited SSc, 59.9% limited cutaneous SSc and 16.9% diffuse cutaneous SSc. At baseline, one patient was already on PAH-specific treatment and eight patients were diagnosed with PAH, implicating a baseline PAH prevalence of 2.5% (9/362). During follow-up (median of 18 months [interquartile range: 0-54 months]), nine patients were diagnosed with incidental PAH, resulting in an incidence rate of 9.3/1000 person-years, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 4.3-17.7. Before the ESC/ERS guidelines, five PAH patients, all already diagnosed with prevalent PAH, were included in the cohort. After 2009, 13 patients (4 prevalent cases) were diagnosed with PAH, making the yearly incidence around 1% (0.82%-2.00%). Conclusions During 10-year follow-up in a cohort of 362 unselected SSc patients, the cumulative prevalence of PAH is 5% (18/362) and the incidence rate 9.3/1000 person-years, 95% CI: 4.3-17.7. Before implementation of the 2009 ESC/ERS screening algorithm, there were no incident cases.