bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AMPK-independent inhibition of human macrophage ER stress response by AICAR
Authors: Boß Marcel , Newbatt Yvette , Gupta Sahil , Collins Ian , Brüne Bernhard , Namgaladze Dmitry 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObesity-associated insulin resistance is driven by inflammatory processes in response to metabolic overload. Obesity-associated inflammation can be recapitulated in cell culture by exposing macrophages to saturated fatty acids (SFA) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses essentially contribute to pro-inflammatory signalling. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central metabolic regulator with established anti-inflammatory actions. Whether pharmacological AMPK activation suppresses SFA-induced inflammation in a human system is unclear. In a setting of hypoxia-potentiated inflammation induced by SFA palmitate, we found that the AMP-mimetic AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) potently suppressed upregulation of ER stress marker mRNAs and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, AICAR inhibited macrophage ER stress responses triggered by ER-stressors thapsigargin or tunicamycin. Surprisingly, AICAR acted independent of AMPK or AICAR conversion to 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl monophosphate (ZMP) while requiring intracellular uptake via the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) ENT1 or the concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) CNT3. AICAR did not affect the initiation of the ER stress response, but inhibited the expression of major ER stress transcriptional effectors. Furthermore, AICAR inhibited autophosphorylation of the ER stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), while activating its endoribonuclease activity in vitro. Our results suggest that AMPK-independent inhibition of ER stress responses contributes to anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects of AICAR.
Sphingosine kinase-1, S1P transporter spinster homolog 2 and S1P2 mRNA expressions are increased in liver with advanced fibrosis in human
Authors: Sato Masaya , Ikeda Hitoshi , Uranbileg Baasanjav , Kurano Makoto , Saigusa Daisuke , Aoki Junken , Maki Harufumi , Kudo Hiroki , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kokudo Norihiro , Yatomi Yutaka 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe role of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in liver fibrosis or inflammation was not fully examined in human. Controversy exists which S1P receptors, S1P1 and S1P3 vs S1P2, would be importantly involved in its mechanism. To clarify these matters, 80 patients who received liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma and 9 patients for metastatic liver tumor were enrolled. S1P metabolism was analyzed in background, non-tumorous liver tissue. mRNA levels of sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) but not SK2 were increased in livers with fibrosis stages 3–4 compared to those with 0–2 and to normal liver. However, S1P was not increased in advanced fibrotic liver, where mRNA levels of S1P transporter spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2) but not S1P-degrading enzymes were enhanced. Furthermore, mRNA levels of S1P2 but not S1P1 or S1P3 were increased in advanced fibrotic liver. These increased mRNA levels of SK1, SPNS2 and S1P2 in fibrotic liver were correlated with α-smooth muscle actin mRNA levels in liver, and with serum ALT levels. In conclusion, S1P may be actively generated, transported to outside the cells, and bind to its specific receptor in human liver to play a role in fibrosis or inflammation. Altered S1P metabolism in fibrotic liver may be their therapeutic target.
Functional evaluation of rat hearts transplanted after preservation in a high-pressure gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and oxygen
Authors: Hatayama Naoyuki , Inubushi Masayuki , Naito Munekazu , Hirai Shuichi , Jin Yong-Nan , Tsuji Atsushi B. , Seki Kunihiro , Itoh Masahiro , Saga Tsuneo , Li Xiao-Kang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe recently succeeded in resuscitating an extracted rat heart following 24–48 hours of preservation in a high-pressure gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O2). This study aimed to examine the function of rat hearts transplanted after being preserved in the high-pressure CO and O2 gas mixture. The hearts of donor rats were preserved in a chamber filled with CO and O2 under high pressure for 24 h (CO24h) or 48 h at 4 °C. For the positive control (PC) group, hearts immediately extracted from donor rats were used for transplantation. The preserved hearts were transplanted into recipient rats by heterotopic cervical heart transplantation. CO toxicity does not affect the grafts or the recipients. Light microscopy and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography revealed that there were no significant differences in the size of the myocardial infarction or apoptosis of myocardial cells in post-transplant hearts between the PC and CO24h groups. Furthermore, at 100 days after the transplantation, the heart rate, weight and histological staining of the post-transplanted hearts did not differ significantly between the PC and CO24h groups. These results indicate that the function of rat hearts is well preserved after 24 hours of high-pressure preservation in a CO and O2 gas mixture. Therefore, high-pressure preservation in a gas mixture can be a useful method for organ preservation.
Particle Size Controls on Water Adsorption and Condensation Regimes at Mineral Surfaces
Authors: Yeşilbaş Merve , Boily Jean-François 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAtmospheric water vapour interacting with hydrophilic mineral surfaces can produce water films of various thicknesses and structures. In this work we show that mineral particle size controls water loadings achieved by water vapour deposition on 21 contrasting mineral samples exposed to atmospheres of up to ~16 Torr water (70% relative humidity at 25 °C). Submicrometer-sized particles hosted up to ~5 monolayers of water, while micrometer-sized particles up to several thousand monolayers. All films exhibited vibrational spectroscopic signals akin to liquid water, yet with a disrupted network of hydrogen bonds. Water adsorption isotherms were predicted using models (1- or 2- term Freundlich and Do-Do models) describing an adsorption and a condensation regime, respectively pertaining to the binding of water onto mineral surfaces and water film growth by water-water interactions. The Hygroscopic Growth Theory could also account for the particle size dependence on condensable water loadings under the premise that larger particles have a greater propensity of exhibiting of surface regions and interparticle spacings facilitating water condensation reactions. Our work should impact our ability to predict water film formation at mineral surfaces of contrasting particle sizes and should thus contribute to our understanding of water adsorption and condensation reactions occuring in nature.
Genome-wide landscape of DNA methylomes and their relationship with mRNA and miRNA transcriptomes in oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles
Authors: Shen Linyuan , Du Jingjing , Xia Yudong , Tan Zhendong , Fu Yuhua , Yang Qiong , Li Xuewei , Tang Guoqing , Jiang Yanzhi , Wang Jinyong , Li Mingzhou , Zhang Shunhua , Zhu Li 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe physiological, biochemical and functional differences between oxidative and glycolytic muscles play important roles in human metabolic health and in animal meat quality. To explore these differences, we determined the genome-wide landscape of DNA methylomes and their relationship with the mRNA and miRNA transcriptomes of the oxidative muscle psoas major (PMM) and the glycolytic muscle longissimus dorsi (LDM). We observed the hypo-methylation of sub-telomeric regions. A high mitochondrial content contributed to fast replicative senescence in PMM. The differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in promoters (478) and gene bodies (5,718) were mainly enriched in GTPase regulator activity and signaling cascade-mediated pathways. Integration analysis revealed that the methylation status within gene promoters (or gene bodies) and miRNA promoters was negatively correlated with mRNA and miRNA expression, respectively. Numerous genes were closely related to distinct phenotypic traits between LDM and PMM. For example, the hyper-methylation and down-regulation of HK-2 and PFKFB4 were related to decrease glycolytic potential in PMM. In addition, promoter hypo-methylation and the up-regulation of miR-378 silenced the expression of the target genes and promoted capillary biosynthesis in PMM. Together, these results improve understanding of muscle metabolism and development from genomic and epigenetic perspectives.
Unique Crystallization of Fullerenes: Fullerene Flowers
Authors: Kim Jungah , Park Chibeom , Song Intek , Lee Minkyung , Kim Hyungki , Choi Hee Cheul 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSolution-phase crystallization of fullerene molecules strongly depends on the types of solvent and their ratios because solvent molecules are easily included in the crystal lattice and distort its structure. The C70(solute)–mesitylene (solvent) system yields crystals with various morphologies and structures, such as cubes, tubes, and imperfect rods. Herein, using C60and C70dissolved in mesitylene, we present a novel way to grow unique flower-shaped crystals with six symmetric petals. The different solubility of C60and C70in mesitylene promotes nucleation of C70with sixfold symmetry in the early stage, which is followed by co-crystallization of both C60and C70molecules, leading to lateral petal growth. Based on the growth mechanism, we obtained more complex fullerene crystals, such as multi-deck flowers and tube-flower complexes, by changing the sequence and parameters of crystallization.
Baicalein induces CD4+Foxp3+ T cells and enhances intestinal barrier function in a mouse model of food allergy
Authors: Bae Min-Jung , Shin Hee Soon , See Hye-Jeong , Jung Sun Young , Kwon Da-Ae , Shon Dong-Hwa 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe incidence of food allergy, which is triggered by allergen permeation of the gastrointestinal tract followed by a T-helper (Th) 2-mediated immune response, has been increasing annually worldwide. We examined the effects of baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone), a flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis used in oriental herbal medicine, on regulatory T (Treg) cell induction and intestinal barrier function through the regulation of tight junctions in a mouse model of food allergy. An allergic response was induced by oral challenge with ovalbumin, and the incidence of allergic symptoms and T cell-related activity in the mesenteric lymph nodes were analyzed with and without the presence of baicalein. Our results demonstrated that the administration of baicalein ameliorated the symptoms of food allergy and attenuated serum IgE and effector T cells. However, Treg-related factors were up-regulated by baicalein. Furthermore, baicalein was shown to enhance intestinal barrier function through the regulation of tight junctions. We also found that baicalein treatment induced the differentiation of Treg cells via aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs). Thus, the action of baicalein as an agonist of AhR can induce Treg differentiation and enhance barrier function, suggesting that baicalein might serve as an effective immune regulator derived from foods for the treatment of food allergy.
Facile synthesis of diverse graphene nanomeshes based on simultaneous regulation of pore size and surface structure
Authors: Zhang Jia , Song Huaibing , Zeng Dawen , Wang Hao , Qin Ziyu , Xu Keng , Pang Aimin , Xie Changsheng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecently, graphene nanomesh (GNM) has attracted great attentions due to its unique porous structure, abundant active sites, finite band gap and possesses potential applications in the fields of electronics, gas sensor/storage, catalysis, etc. Therefore, diverse GNMs with different physical and chemical properties are required urgently to meet different applications. Herein we demonstrate a facile synthetic method based on the famous Fenton reaction to prepare GNM, by using economically fabricated graphene oxide (GO) as a starting material. By precisely controlling the reaction time, simultaneous regulation of pore size from 2.9 to 11.1 nm and surface structure can be realized. Ultimately, diverse GNMs with tunable band gap and work function can be obtained. Specially, the band gap decreases from 4.5–2.3 eV for GO, which is an insulator, to 3.9–1.24 eV for GNM-5 h, which approaches to a semiconductor. The dual nature of electrophilic addition and oxidizability of HO• is responsible for this controllable synthesis. This efficient, low-cost, inherently scalable synthetic method is suitable for provide diverse and optional GNMs, and may be generalized to a universal technique.
Prognostic Value of Admission Blood Glucose in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Sun Shichao , Pan Yuesong , Zhao Xingquan , Liu Liping , Li Hao , He Yan , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun , Guo Li 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe aimed to validate prognostic value of elevated admission blood glucose (ABG) for clinical outcomes in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in a representative large cohort. Data of ICH patients with onset time ≤24 h were derived from the China National Stroke Registry. Clinical outcomes included 3-month poor outcome (death or dependency) and death. Logistic regression was performed for the association between ABG and clinical outcomes, both in the entire cohort and in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. 2951 ICH patients were enrolled, including 267 (9.0%) diabetics. In the entire cohort, there was a trend to increased risk of poor outcome with increasing ABG levels (adjusted OR 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04–1.15; P < 0.001). The risk of poor outcome was significantly greatest for the highest quartile (≥7.53 mmol/L) of ABG (adjusted OR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.17–2.03; p = 0.002, P for trend 0.004). We got similar association in non-diabetics but not in diabetics. Elevated ABG confers a higher risk of poor outcome in non-diabetics than diabetics with similar glucose level. Elevated ABG is an independent predictor of 3-month poor outcome in ICH patients, the prognostic value of which is greater in non-diabetics than diabetics with similar glucose level.
The optical measurement of large cluster tracks in a gas jet
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Liu Dong , Han Jifeng , Bai Lixin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe propose an optical method based on Rayleigh scattering for the direct measurement of cluster tracks produced by a high-pressure gas jet. The tracks of the argon and methane clusters are acquired by a high-speed camera. It is found that the cluster sizes of these tracks are within the range of 7E + 03~1E + 07 for argon and 2E + 06~4E + 08 for methane. Most argon tracks are continuous and their intensity changes gradually, while the majority of the methane tracks are separated into discrete fractions and their intensity alters periodically along the flight path, which may indicate the methane clusters are more unstable and easily to break up. Special methane clusters which may fly at an axial velocity of less than 2.5m/s are also found. This method is very sensitive to large gas cluster and has broad application prospects in cluster physics.
BubR1 Insufficiency Impairs Liver Regeneration in Aged Mice after Hepatectomy through Intercalated Disc Abnormality
Authors: Ikawa-Yoshida Ayae , Matsumoto Takuya , Okano Shinji , Aoyagi Yukihiko , Matsubara Yutaka , Furuyama Tadashi , Nakatsu Yoshimichi , Tsuzuki Teruhisa , Onimaru Mitsuho , Ohkusa Tomoko , Nomura Masatoshi , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA delay in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx) leads to acute liver injury, and such delays are frequently observed in aged patients. BubR1 (budding uninhibited by benzimidazole-related 1) controls chromosome mitotic segregation through the spindle assembly checkpoint, and BubR1 down-regulation promotes aging-associated phenotypes. In this study we investigated the effects of BubR1 insufficiency on liver regeneration in mice. Low-BubR1-expressing mutant (BubR1L/L) mice had a delayed recovery of the liver weight-to-body weight ratio and increased liver deviation enzyme levels after PHx. Microscopic observation of BubR1L/L mouse liver showed an increased number of necrotic hepatocytes and intercalated disc anomalies, resulting in widened inter-hepatocyte and perisinusoidal spaces, smaller hepatocytes and early-stage microvilli atrophy. Up-regulation of desmocollin-1 (DSC1) was observed in wild-type, but not BubR1L/L, mice after PHx. In addition, knockdown of BubR1 expression caused down-regulation of DSC1 in a human keratinocyte cell line. BubR1 insufficiency results in the impaired liver regeneration through weakened microstructural adaptation against PHx, enhanced transient liver failure and delayed hepatocyte proliferation. Thus, our data suggest that a reduction in BubR1 levels causes failure of liver regeneration through the DSC1 abnormality.
Gene–culture interaction and the evolution of the human sense of fairness
Authors: Liu Tru-Gin , Lu Yao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHow Darwinian evolution would produce creatures with the proclivity of Darwinian generosity, most of them voluntarily giving up the immediate benefit for themselves or their genes, remains a puzzle. This study targets a problem, the origin of human sense of fairness and uses fairness-related genes and the social manipulation of Darwinian generosity as the key variables underlying the human sense of fairness, inequity aversion, as well as their relationships within cooperation and the anticipation foresight of the way relationships are affected by resource division, given the assumption of randomly matched partners. Here we suggest a model in which phenotype will gradually converge towards the perfect sense of fairness along with the prospect of cooperation. Later, the sense of fairness will decrease but it is never extinct. Where social manipulation of Darwinian generosity overshadows genetics, the sense of fairness could be acute to the degree of social manipulation. Above all, there still exists a threshold in the degree of social manipulation, beyond which altruism dominates selfishness in human cooperation. Finally, we propose three new directions toward more realistic scenarios stimulated by recent development of the synergy between statistical physics, network science and evolutionary game theory.
Influence of gestational diabetes mellitus on human umbilical vein endothelial cell miRNA
Authors: Tryggestad Jeanie B. , Vishwanath Anu , Jiang Shaoning , Mallappa Ashwini , Teague April M. , Takahashi Yusuke , Thompson David M. , Chernausek Steven D. 
Published: August 2016

We aimed to identify miRNAs whose expression levels in fetal tissues are altered by exposure to a diabetic milieu and elucidate the impact on target protein expression. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects both immediate and future disease risk in the offspring. We hypothesized that GDM alters miRNA expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that may influence metabolic processes. A cross-sectional design compared differences in miRNA expression in HUVECs and target protein abundance in placentae between infants of women with GDM (IGDM) and infants born to normoglycaemic controls. miRNAs were identified using microarray profiling and literature review and validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). In vitro transfection studies explored the impact of the miRNA on target protein expression. Expression of seven miRNA species, miR-30c-5p, miR-452-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-130b-3p, miR-148a-3p, miR-let-7a-5p and miR-let-7g-5p, was higher in the HUVECs of IGDM. Abundance of the catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1) was decreased in the HUVECs and BeWo cells (transformed trophoblast cell line) transfected with miR-130b and miR-148a mimics. AMPKα1 expression was also decreased in placental tissues of IGDM. The expression of several miRNAs were altered by in utero exposure to DM in infants of women whose dysglycaemia was very well controlled by current standards. Decreased expression of AMPKα1 as a result of increased levels of miR-130b and miR-148a may potentially explain the decrease in fat oxidation we reported in infants at 1 month of age and, if persistent, may predispose offspring to future metabolic disease.
Histone deacetylase HDA6 enhances brassinosteroid signaling by inhibiting the BIN2 kinase
Authors: Hao Yuhan , Wang Haijiao , Qiao Shenglong , Leng Linna , Wang Xuelu 
Published: August 2016

Significance
The brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway has important functions in plant development, but the mechanisms that control its key regulator BR-INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) remain poorly understood. We found that the histone deacetylase HDA6 can interact with and deacetylate BIN2 to inhibit its activity, providing significant insights into the repression of BIN2 and the function of the histone deacetylase in modifying nonhistone proteins. We also found that this repression may be related to energy status in plants.
Interplay between hydrophobicity and the positive-inside rule in determining membrane-protein topology
Authors: Elazar Assaf , Weinstein Jonathan Jacob , Prilusky Jaime , Fleishman Sarel Jacob 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Topology prediction is crucial for structure prediction, design, and analysis of membrane proteins. We describe a graphical algorithm, called TopGraph, which is based on a sequence search for minimum energy of insertion using the dsTβL experimental insertion scale rather than statistics derived from known structures. Unlike many existing predictors, TopGraph exhibits high accuracy even on large transporters with no structural homologues. Furthermore, results suggest that the positive-inside rule, which is known to orient segments with respect to the membrane, can also drive insertion of marginally hydrophobic segments in large membrane domains.
“Show what you know”
Authors: Mazak Catherine M. , Rivera Rosita L. , Soto Glory J. 
Published: August 2016

In Puerto Rican academia, Spanish and English are ever-present as students and professors negotiate their everyday language (Spanish) and the “international language of academia” (English). This study uses a translanguaging lens to examine the academic writing of university psychology majors in a neuropsychology course. The data consists of written exams from three sections of the same course (n = 83), all taught by the same professor, but using different languages as the medium of instruction (Spanish, English, and “both”). However, the professor allowed students to answer the written exams in whatever language combination they chose. This chapter describes the translanguaging practices used by students on the exams, and examines the relationship between medium of instruction, question type, and translanguaging practices.
The Spanish Quarter of Naples
Authors: Milano Emma 
Published: August 2016

This study focuses on the dynamics of linguistic conservation and innovation in the historic center of Naples, the Spanish Quarter. In the Spanish Quarter – historically marked by social marginalization and a notable use of dialect – the constant socio-environmental conditions have favored the preservation of habits of life and language. Constructed in the Sixteenth century to house Spanish soldiers, the Spanish Quarter has always been characterized for its layout – a grid of narrow streets that elicits its original intended defensibility and impenetrability. This aspect has greatly influenced the history of a colorful and “notorious” neighborhood, and may have played a role in contributing to the persistence of today’s cultural and language uses. An analysis of two linguistic phenomena in a corpus of speech produced by a sample of artisans shows that although Italian has gained a relevant space, it lives alongside a strongly diatopically and diastratically marked dialect, which serves as a territorial identification marker.