bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptance of Family Planning Methods Among the Married Male of A Selected Rural Area in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md Moktel , Manni Umme Jamila Akther 
Published: July 2016

This descriptive study was conducted in Darogarchala, Sreepur Upazilla with a view to assessing the acceptance of contraceptive methods among the married male. Total 325 participants of age ranging from 20 to 60 years were interviewed. The mean age of the respondents was 38.5 years. Maximum 107 (33%) were in the age group of 30 to 39 years. Majority of the respondents (34%) were illiterate. Among the rest, 91 (28%) had primary education, 87 had completed SSC and 26 had completed HSC and 5 were graduate. In the study, it was found that, majority respondents (34%) were businessmen, 20% were laborers, 19% were service holders, 16% were farmers, and 12% were unemployed. More than 98% of the respondents were muslims. Majority 211 (65%) of the family were nuclear family and 114 (35%) were family from joint family. According to monthly income, it was found that, 141 had monthly income in between 1000 taka to 5000 taka, 110 respondents had income in between 5001 to 10000 taka, 33 had income in between 10001 to 15000 taka, 22 had income between 15001 to 20000 taka, and 10 had income between 20000 to 30000 taka. Only a small fraction (2.54%) earned more than 30000 taka. Maximum (45%) of the respondents were married between the ages 22 to 24 years. According to number of children, majority of the respondents (74.69%) had 1 to 3 alive children and 73.23% wished to have children in the future. 97 of the respondents obtained information from health workers and about 40% from Radio or TV. Most of the respondents (66%) did not use any method of family planning and 33.66% applied one of the family planning methods. Majority (99.02%) used temporary methods of family planning. Only one used permanent method. It revealed that 90.85% did not face any complications and only 9.15% faced difficulties during the use of contraceptives.Chatt Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.15 (1); Jan 2016; Page 49-52
Cystic Fibrosis in An Infant: Presented as Pseudo Bartter Syndrome
Authors: Rumana Jubaida , Lyengar Arpana , Quader Mohammed Maruf Ul , Hanif Mohammad 
Published: July 2016

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) can involve multiple organs although the most commonly affected systems are respiratory and gastrointestinal ones. In infancy it can also present as Pseudo Bartter Syndrome which is characterized by hyponatremic, hypochloremic, hypokalamic metabolic alkalosis without renal tubular pathology. We report a 5 month old boy who had history of recurrent episodes of dehydration due to vomiting and recurrent respiratory infection. His biochemical parameters suggestive of Pseudo Bartters Syndrome. Initial sweat chloride test was normal 16 mEq/L whereas the repeated test revealed Sweat chloride concentration of 107 mEq/L. The cystic fibrosis mutation analysis revealed F508 del homozygosity for the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) gene. Cystic fibrosis should be always considered in any infant with metabolic alkalosis and hyponatremic hypochloremic dehydration, whether or not there are association with pulmonary and /or gastrointestinal symptoms. Early diagnosis is essential in improving the prognosis and long term survival of these children.Chatt Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.15 (1); Jan 2016; Page 57-59
FIRST OBSERVATIONAL SIGNATURE OF ROTATIONAL DECELERATION IN A MASSIVE, INTERMEDIATE-AGE STAR CLUSTER IN THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS
Authors: Wu Xiaohan , Li Chengyuan , de Grijs Richard , Deng Licai 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
While the extended main-sequence turnoffs (eMSTOs) found in almost all 1–2 Gyr old star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds are often explained by postulating extended star formation histories (SFHs), the tight subgiant branches (SGBs) seen in some clusters challenge this popular scenario. Puzzlingly, the SGB of the eMSTO cluster NGC 419 is significantly broader at bluer than at redder colors. We carefully assess and confirm the reality of this observational trend. If we would assume that the widths of the features in color–magnitude space were entirely owing to a range in stellar ages, the SFHs of the eMSTO stars and the blue SGB region would be significantly more prolonged than that of the red part of the SGB. This cannot be explained by assuming an internal age spread. We show that rotational deceleration of a population of rapidly rotating stars, a currently hotly debated alternative scenario, naturally explains the observed trend along the SGB. Our analysis shows that a “converging” SGB could be produced if the cluster is mostly composed of rapidly rotating stars that slow down over time owing to the conservation of angular momentum during their evolutionary expansion from main-sequence turnoff stars to red giants.
A CLOUDINESS INDEX FOR TRANSITING EXOPLANETS BASED ON THE SODIUM AND POTASSIUM LINES: TENTATIVE EVIDENCE FOR HOTTER ATMOSPHERES BEING LESS CLOUDY AT VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS
Authors: Heng Kevin 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a dimensionless index that quantifies the degree of cloudiness of the atmosphere of a transiting exoplanet. Our cloudiness index is based on measuring the transit radii associated with the line center and wing of the sodium or potassium line. In deriving this index, we revisited the algebraic formulae for inferring the isothermal pressure scale height from transit measurements. We demonstrate that the formulae of Lecavelier et al. and Benneke & Seager are identical: the former is inferring the temperature while assuming a value for the mean molecular mass and the latter is inferring the mean molecular mass while assuming a value for the temperature. More importantly, these formulae cannot be used to distinguish between cloudy and cloud-free atmospheres. We derive values of our cloudiness index for a small sample of seven hot Saturns/Jupiters taken from Sing et al. We show that WASP-17b, WASP-31b, and HAT-P-1b are nearly cloud-free at visible wavelengths. We find the tentative trend that more irradiated atmospheres tend to have fewer clouds consisting of sub-micron-sized particles. We also derive absolute sodium and/or potassium abundances ∼102 cm−3 for WASP-17b, WASP-31b, and HAT-P-1b (and upper limits for the other objects). Higher-resolution measurements of both the sodium and potassium lines, for a larger sample of exoplanetary atmospheres, are needed to confirm or refute this trend.
Des pensées politiques critiques de l’éducation ?
Authors: Ferhat Ismail , Poucet Bruno 
Published: July 2016

Le système éducatif est un enjeu important pour les gauches de gouvernement en France. Cependant, les différentes gauches ne se sont accordées ni sur la nature de l’institution scolaire, ni sur les politiques éducatives à mener. Les communistes ont développé des analyses spécifiques en la matière, tandis que le Parti socialiste, ainsi que les radicaux, ont eu leur propre projet. Les partis révolutionnaires, très peu étudiés sous cet angle, ont eu aussi des analyses et des programmes sur l’école, et ce depuis les réformes de la III e République. De plus, l’éducation constitue pour les gauches révolutionnaires un sujet complexe, surtout après Mai 1968 où elles trouvent un espace idéel et militant unique dans l’histoire de France. Les gauches révolutionnaires sont ici étudiées sous l’angle privilégié du PSU et des mouvements trotskystes (LCR, lambertistes), ainsi que des tendances d’extrême-gauche des organisations éducatives (syndicalisme enseignant, courants pédagogiques alternatifs). Tout en se distinguant des gauches plus traditionnelles de l’école, elles sont elles-mêmes divisées sur le sujet. S’y affrontent une approche refusant l’institution scolaire elle-même, celle de la critique d’une « école capitaliste » et la défense d’une transmission des savoirs pour le peuple. La période étudiée commence avec les évènements de Mai 1968 qui ouvrent un espace militant éducatif unique pour les gauches révolutionnaires dans l’histoire de France. Elle s’achève avec les « coordinations » d’instituteurs de janvier-février 1987, qui constituent une dernière poussée des thématiques et des méthodes de ces gauches dans le domaine des mobilisations éducatives.
Seasonal population dynamics of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) infesting three species of woodpeckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Lamb Robert J. , Galloway Terry D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThree species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada, were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera): the resident downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens(Linnaeus),n=55), and two migrants, yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius(Linnaeus),n=316) and northern flicker (Colaptes auratus(Linnaeus),n=225). Six species were collected:Menacanthus pici(Denny) (Amblycera: Menoponidae) from all hosts, and five species of Ischnocera (Philopteridae):Penenirmus auritus(Scopoli) from downy woodpeckers and sapsuckers,Picicola snodgrassi(Kellogg) andBrueelia straminea(Denny) from downy woodpeckers, andPenenirmus jungens(Kellogg) andPicicola porismaDalgleish from flickers. Adults and nymphs were present on downy woodpeckers all year, and on migrant sapsuckers and flickers from when they arrived until they left, suggesting lice reproduce continuously on their hosts. Prevalence and mean intensities of louse infestations generally decreased from their respective springtime levels to their lowest values during or at the end of the breeding season of their hosts, and then increased in various degrees during the fall. No seasonal pattern in louse sex ratios was observed except on northern flickers, where male to female ratios for two of three species were lowest during the breeding season. Resident and migrant hosts had similar seasonal patterns of infestation by lice.
A new melanistic variant of the caterpillar hunterCalosoma wilcoxiLeConte, 1848 from Texas, United States of America and a preliminary phylogeny of the genusCalosomaWeber, 1801 (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Ray Jesse W. , Seidel Matthias , Husemann Martin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTwo aberrant ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) specimens from the genusCalosomaWeber, 1801 were collected in Waco, Texas, United States of America, in 2012–2013. The specimens, which are morphologically most similar toCalosoma wilcoxiLeConte, 1848, but are dark blue-black instead of the typical metallic green. We employed DNA barcoding and phylogenetic methods to confirm the identities of the aberrant specimens. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences of central Texas and southwestern species place the aberrant specimens with 100% confidence asC. wilcoxi.The new variant ofC. wilcoxipresumably occurs at low densities. Frequent collecting from 2011 to 2014 resulted in the discovery of only two of the aberrant coloured individuals among hundreds of typical green specimens. These specimens (to our knowledge) represent the first published record of melanisticCalosomafrom North America. While the majority of North American species in the genus are naturally black, two of the most widely distributed and abundant species,C. scrutator(Fabricius, 1775) andC. wilcoxi, are typically green. We sequenced the aberrant form as well as all species co-occurring with the new colour morph at the collection locality and used records from GenBank and the Barcode of Life Data System to generate a preliminary phylogeny of the genus, which suggested that some of the currently established subgenera are likely not monophyletic.
Consonant-vowel interactions in Modern Standard Latvian: a representational and constraint-based account
Authors: Urek Olga 
Published: July 2016

In this article I provide a representational and a constraint-based analysis of four interacting palatalization processes operative in Modern Standard Latvian: velar affrication, velar palatalization, yod-palatalization and front vowel raising. The main advantage of the representational account developed here is that it treats all of the mentioned Latvian processes as strictly assimilatory, and at the same time avoids purely stipulative mechanisms characteristic of many feature-geometric approaches to cross-category interactions. The article also contributes to the debate on the role of geometric subsegmental representations in constraint-based computational models, by demonstrating that a principled account of locality, transparency and blocking effects in Latvian palatalization requires the reference to hierarchical autosegmental structures. This article is part of the special collection: Palatalization
Caracterización hidrogeoquímica del agua superficial de la subcuenca del río acahuapa, departamento de San Vicente, El Salvador
Authors: Marinero-Orantes Edgar Antonio , Durán-Zarabozo Odil , Zúniga-González Carlos Alberto , Molina Membreño Adalila 
Published: July 2016

El presente tuvo la finalidad de ampliar el conocimiento hidrogeoquímico del acuífero en la zona de la subcuenca del río Acahuapa, en el departamento de San Vicente. Se recolectaron muestras de 10 puntos en las aguas superficiales de la red hídrica de la subcuenca. Los muestreos se llevaron a cabo en la época seca y lluviosa durante el periodo comprendido de febrero de 2011 hasta agosto de 2012. Los parámetros analizados fueron datos de cationes (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe total) y aniones (HCO-3, Cl-, SO-24, CaCO3-2), así como de carbonatos con el fin de determinar el balance de masa y flujo de gas CO2. Además, parámetros fisicoquímicos de temperatura, oxígeno disuelto, pH y conductividad eléctrica. Tales análisis son suficientes para el estudio de los principales procesos químicos en la mayoría de los acuíferos y sus relaciones con los sistemas hidrológicos. De forma general se concluyó que el comportamiento químico del acuífero en la subcuenca del río Acahuapa en ambas épocas lluviosa y seca, es similar, y que las familias de agua predominantes son bicarbonatadas magnésicas y cálcicas bicarbonatadas. Las aguas bicarbonatadas son malas para riego, debido a la fijación de iones en el terreno y creación de un medio alcalino.
Empirical Study on the Spillover Effect of FDI in the Egyptian and Polish Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Farag Amal Samir 
Published: July 2016

<p class="Default">This Paper has attempted to address the spillover effect of FDI on productivity in the Egyptian and Polish manufacturing sector. Empirical analysis has been implemented to determine the factors that influence productivity. In explaining the spillover effect of FDI, the study will apply a two stage least squares technique using the data panel between 2006 and 2014 across 9 sub sectors of the Egyptian and Polish manufacturing sector. A Cobb Douglas production function was used where productivity is established as a function of capital, labor, foreign direct investment, exports, imports, and technology gap.</p><p>The results from the production function suggest that physical capital and labor force are the main factors in determining the manufacturing productivity that accordingly enhance the fact that both physical capital and labor inputs are important to the productivity of manufacturing sector. It is also found that the foreign presence enhance productivity in the Egyptian and Polish manufacturing sector. We view the positive effect of FDI on productivity as evidence which indicates that the FDI inflow is not merely a source of capital; it is also a conduit for technology transfer. On the other hand, both imports, and technology gap exert a negative and significant effect on productivity. This is due to high protection, high tariffs in Egypt , and the technology of foreign firms is too advanced for domestic firms to adjust and absorb. In addition exports have a negative but insignificant effect as exports are mainly low-skill products. </p>
Scripted Spaces: The Geopoetics of the Newspaper from Tret’iakov to Prigov
Authors: Edmond Jacob 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis essay examines Sergei Tret’iakov’s and Dmitrii Prigov’s turn to the newspaper in their search for a symbolic form adequate to the geopolitical flux at the beginning and endpoints of Soviet history. Fusing the epic and the sublime with the modernist montage principle, both present the newspaper as embodying simultaneously totalizing and disintegrative imaginings of space. Reflecting his avant-gardist and statist commitments, Tret’iakov’s newspaper-epic andocherkjournalism figure the tension between socialist internationalism and socialism in one country and between federal and centralist models of the state. Prigov’s newspaper art embodies the contrary pressures of resurgent nationalisms and globalization in perestroika-era and post-Soviet Russia. Having linked the decline of print culture to the Soviet Union’s demise, Prigov addresses the return of an imperial Russian spatial imaginary by highlighting how the tension between spatial boundlessness and totality in the print newspaper anticipates and complicates the information sublime of the digital age.
The Red Army in Yugoslavia, 1944–1945
Authors: Majstorović Vojin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article discusses the Red Army’s behaviour in Yugoslavia in 1944 and 1945, focusing on the issue of rape. It explores the magnitude of the sexual violence that the Soviet troops perpetrated in the country by comparing it to their conduct in the countries which fought against the Soviet Union, arguing that the Red Army behaved with relative restraint in Yugoslavia. In order to explain the Soviet soldiers and officers’ behaviour there, the article focuses on the high command’s propaganda line about Yugoslavia, the army leadership’s disciplinary policies towards rapists and other criminals in the ranks, the frontline troops’ attitudes towards the Yugoslavs, the emergence of large number of stray soldiers behind the frontlines, and some Soviet soldiers’ tendency to abuse alcohol.
Experiences in implementation and publication of operations research interventions: gaps and a way forward
Authors: Kalibala Samuel , Woelk Godfrey B , Gloyd Stephen , Jani Nrupa , Kay Lynnette , Sarna Avina , Okal Jerry , Ndwiga Charity , Haberland Nicole , Sinai Irit 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionAccording to UNAIDS, the world currently has an adequate collection of proven HIV prevention, treatment and diagnostic tools, which, if scaled up, can lay the foundation for ending the AIDS epidemic. HIV operations research (OR) tests and promotes the use of interventions that can increase the demand for and supply of these tools. However, current publications of OR mainly focus on outcomes, leaving gaps in reporting of intervention characteristics, which are essential to address for the utilization of OR findings. This has prompted WHO and other international public health agencies to issue reporting requirements for OR studies. The objective of this commentary is to review experiences in HIV OR intervention design, implementation, process data collection and publication in order to identify gaps, contribute to the body of knowledge and propose a way forward to improve the focus on “implementation” in implementation research.DiscussionInterventions in OR, like ordinary service delivery programmes, are subject to the programme cycle, which continually uses insights from implementation and the local context to modify service delivery modalities. Given that some of these modifications in the intervention may influence study outcomes, the documentation of process data becomes vital in OR. However, a key challenge is that study resources tend to be skewed towards documentation and the reporting of study outcomes to the detriment of process data, even though process data is vital for understanding factors influencing the outcomes.ConclusionsInterventions in OR should be viewed using the lens of programme evaluation, which includes formative assessment (to determine concept and design), followed by process evaluation (to monitor inputs and outputs) and effectiveness evaluation (to assess outcomes and effectiveness). Study resources should be equitably used between process evaluation and outcome measurement to facilitate inclusion of data about fidelity and dose in publications in order to enable explanation of the relationship between dosing and study outcomes for purposes of scaling up and further refinement through research.
Theoretical bounce resonance diffusion coefficient for waves generated near the equatorial plane
Authors: Tao X. , Li X. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTheoretical bounce resonance diffusion coefficient for waves generated near the equatorial plane with arbitrary wave normal angle distributions is derived. Previous studies either assumed waves to cover the whole bounce trajectory or to have only one wave normal angle for a given frequency. In this work, we theoretically derive a new bounce resonance diffusion coefficient without these limitations. We demonstrate that the pitch angle diffusion from bounce resonance is significant for near‐equatorially mirroring particles using a published magnetosonic wave model. Our results suggest that the bounce resonance diffusion by magnetosonic waves could be an important mechanism for pitch angle scattering of near‐equatorially mirroring particles; therefore, it might be important to include bounce resonance with magnetosonic waves in global radiation belt modeling.
Observational evidence of generation mechanisms for very oblique lower band chorus using THEMIS waveform data
Authors: Gao Xinliang , Mourenas Didier , Li Wen , Artemyev Anton V. , Lu Quanming , Tao Xin , Wang Shui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractChorus waves are intense coherent whistler mode waves with frequency chirping which play a dual role in both loss and acceleration of radiation belt electrons in the Earth's magnetosphere. Although the generation of parallel chorus waves has been extensively studied by means of theory, simulations, and observations, the generation mechanism of very oblique chorus waves still remains a mystery. In this study, we have analyzed hundreds of very oblique discrete (rising or falling tone) lower band chorus events collected from 7 years of Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) waveform data to investigate their potential generation mechanisms. Comparisons between wave normal angles directly measured onboard THEMIS in the dawn‐day sector at L = 5–9 and inferred from theoretical models on the basis of measured wave characteristics (frequency sweep rate, mean frequency, and amplitude) show that these very oblique waves are more commonly generated through cyclotron resonance with anisotropic electron streams. However, a second generation mechanism via Landau resonance with low‐energy electron beams seems to be also operating on the nightside at L < 6.7 and at all local times at L > 8.5. Moreover, very oblique lower band chorus waves with large frequency chirping rates or small magnetic field amplitudes are more likely excited via cyclotron resonance, while waves with small frequency chirping rates or large magnetic field amplitudes are preferentially generated through Landau resonance. This comprehensive statistical study provides interesting insight into the possible generation mechanisms of very oblique lower band chorus waves in the Earth's magnetosphere.
Thermoelasticity of Fe7C3 under inner core conditions
Authors: Li Y. , Vočadlo L. , Brodholt J. , Wood I. G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt has recently been reported, on the basis of extrapolated experimental data, that the iron carbide, Fe7C3, has shear wave velocities and a Poisson's ratio consistent with the seismological values for the Earth's inner core and thus that Fe7C3 is a strong candidate for the inner core composition. In this study, using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we report the thermoelastic properties of Fe7C3 at 350 GPa up to its melting temperature. Due to significant elastic softening prior to melting, the calculated elastic properties, including wave velocities, do indeed agree well with those from seismology. However, the density was found to be much too low (by ~8%) when compared to geophysical data, and therefore, Fe7C3 must be ruled out as a major component of the Earth's inner core.