bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High hydrostatic pressure adaptive strategies in an obligate piezophile Pyrococcus yayanosii
Authors: Michoud Grégoire , Jebbar Mohamed 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPyrococcus yayanosii CH1, as the first and only obligate piezophilic hyperthermophilic microorganism discovered to date, extends the physical and chemical limits of life on Earth. It was isolated from the Ashadze hydrothermal vent at 4,100 m depth. Multi-omics analyses were performed to study the mechanisms used by the cell to cope with high hydrostatic pressure variations. In silico analyses showed that the P. yayanosii genome is highly adapted to its harsh environment, with a loss of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathways and the high constitutive expression of the energy metabolism compared with other non-obligate piezophilic Pyrococcus species. Differential proteomics and transcriptomics analyses identified key hydrostatic pressure-responsive genes involved in translation, chemotaxis, energy metabolism (hydrogenases and formate metabolism) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats sequences associated with Cellular apoptosis susceptibility proteins.
Transcriptome profiles of metamorphosis in the ornamented pygmy frog Microhyla fissipes clarify the functions of thyroid hormone receptors in metamorphosis
Authors: Zhao Lanying , Liu Lusha , Wang Shouhong , Wang Hongyuan , Jiang Jianping 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAnuran metamorphosis is an excellent system in which to study postembryonic development. Studies onXenopus(Mesobatrachia) show that thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) regulate metamorphosis in a ligand-dependent manner by coordinating the action of hundreds of genes. However, whether this mechanism is conserved among amphibians is still unknown. To understand the molecular mechanism of this universal phenomenon, we report the transcriptional profiles of the three key developmental stages inMicrohyla fissipes(Neobatrachia): premetamorphosis (PM), metamorphic climax (MC) and completion of metamorphosis (CM). In total, 2,293 differentially expressed genes were identified from comparisons of transcriptomes, and these genes showed stage-specific expression patterns. Unexpectedly, we found that TRαwas highly expressed inXenopus laevisandBufo gargarizansat premetamorphosis but showed low expression inM. fissipes. In contrast, TRβwas highly expressed during metamorphosis inM. fissipesandX. laevis. This result may imply that TRβis essential for initiating metamorphosis, at least inM. fissipes. Thus, our work not only identifies genes that are likely to be involved in Neobatrachia metamorphosis but also clarifies the roles of unliganded TRα in regulating tadpole growth and timing of metamorphosis, which may be conserved in anurans, and the role of liganded TRβ in launching metamorphosis.
DYT-40, a novel synthetic 2-styryl-5-nitroimidazole derivative, blocks malignant glioblastoma growth and invasion by inhibiting AEG-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways
Authors: Zou Meijuan , Duan Yongtao , Wang Pengfei , Gao Rui , Chen Xuguan , Ou Yingwei , Liang Mingxing , Wang Zhongchang , Yuan Yi , Wang Li , Zhu Hailiang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAstrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) has been explored as a novel target for human glioma therapy, thus reflecting its potential contribution to gliomagenesis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of DYT-40, a novel synthetic 2-styryl-5-nitroimidazole derivative, on cell growth and invasion in glioblastoma (GBM) and uncovered the underlying mechanisms of this molecule. DYT-40 induces the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion of GBM cell lines. Furthermore, DYT-40 deactivates PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, suppresses AEG-1 expression, and inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation. DYT-40 reduced the tumor volumes in a rat C6 glioma model by apoptotic induction. Moreover, HE staining demonstrated that the glioma rat model treated with DYT-40 exhibited better defined tumor margins and fewer invasive cells to the contralateral striatum compared with the vehicle control and temozolomide-treated rats. Microscopic examination showed a decrease in AEG-1-positive cells in DYT-40-treated rats compared with the untreated controls. DYT-40-treatment increases the in vivo apoptotic response of glioma cells to DYT-40 treatment by TUNEL staining. In conclusion, the inhibitory effects of DYT-40 on growth and invasion in GBM suggest that DYT-40 might be a potential AEG-1 inhibitor to prevent the growth and motility of malignant glioma.
Multiplexed Cassegrain Reflector Antenna for Simultaneous Generation of Three Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) Modes
Authors: Byun Woo Jin , Kim Kwang Seon , Kim Bong Su , Lee Young Seung , Song Myung Sun , Choi Hyung Do , Cho Yong Heui 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA multiplexed Cassegrain reflector antenna with a 2 × 2 open-ended rectangular waveguide (OERW) matrix feed and an orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode mux is proposed for the simultaneous generation of three OAM modes (l = 0, ±1). The OAM mode mux (OMM) was designed using sequential combinations of quadrature hybrids, crossovers, and phase shifters to multiplex and demultiplex three OAM modes at the same time. The 2 × 2 OERW matrix feed and the OMM were separately measured and their performances were verified according to proposed theories. A near-field antenna measurement for a multiplexed Cassegrain reflector antenna was conducted to obtain the far-field magnitude and phase patterns around polar elevation angle θ and azimuthal angle ϕ, thus confirming that our antenna can produce three OAM modes simultaneously. We also measured the communication link characteristics of two identical multiplexed antennas. The measurement results show that the channel isolation of three OAM modes is more than 12.7 [dB] and 17 [dB] for fixed and compensated receiver positions, respectively, indicating that the proposed antenna system can be used for independent communication links with the same frequency and polarisation.
Viable offspring obtained from Prm1-deficient sperm in mice
Authors: Takeda Naoki , Yoshinaga Kazuya , Furushima Kenryo , Takamune Kazufumi , Li Zhenghua , Abe Shin-ichi , Aizawa Shin-ichi , Yamamura Ken-ichi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractProtamines are expressed in the spermatid nucleus and allow denser packaging of DNA compared with histones. Disruption of the coding sequence of one allele of eitherprotamine 1(Prm1) orPrm2results in failure to produce offspring, although sperm with disruptedPrm1orPrm2alleles are produced. Here, we producedPrm1-deficient female chimeric mice carryingPrm1-deficient oocytes. These mice successfully producedPrm1+/−male mice. HealthyPrm1+/−offspring were then produced by transferring blastocysts obtained viain vitrofertilization using zona-free oocytes and sperm fromPrm1+/−mice. This result suggests that sperm lackingPrm1can generate offspring despite being abnormally shaped and having destabilised DNA, decondensed chromatin and a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. Nevertheless, these mice showed little derangement of expression profiles.
Genomic structure analysis of a set of Oryza nivara introgression lines and identification of yield-associated QTLs using whole-genome resequencing
Authors: Ma Xin , Fu Yongcai , Zhao Xinhui , Jiang Liyun , Zhu Zuofeng , Gu Ping , Xu Wenying , Su Zhen , Sun Chuanqing , Tan Lubin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOryza nivara, an annual wild AA-genome species of rice, is an important gene pool for broadening the genetic diversity of cultivated rice (O. sativa L.). Towards identifying and utilizing favourable alleles from O. nivara, we developed a set of introgression lines (ILs) by introducing O. nivara segments into the elite indica rice variety 93-11 background through advanced backcrossing and repeated selfing. Using whole-genome resequencing, a high-density genetic map containing 1,070 bin-markers was constructed for the 131 ILs, with an average length of 349 kb per bin. The 131 ILs cover 95% of O. nivara genome, providing a relatively complete genomic library for introgressing O. nivara alleles for trait improvement. Using this high-density bin-map, QTL mapping for 13 yield-related traits was performed and a total of 65 QTLs were detected across two environments. At ~36.9% of detected QTLs, the alleles from O. nivara conferred improving effects on yield-associated traits. Six cloned genes, Sh4/SHA1, Bh4, Sd1, TE/TAD1, GS3 and FZP, colocalised in the peak intervals of 9 QTLs. In conclusion, we developed new genetic materials for exploration and use of beneficial alleles from wild rice and provided a basis for future fine mapping and cloning of the favourable O. nivara-derived QTLs.
Ibogaine and addiction in the animal model, a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Belgers M , Leenaars M , Homberg J R , Ritskes-Hoitinga M , Schellekens A F A , Hooijmans C R 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIbogaine is a naturally occurring substance which has been increasingly used in the lay-scene to reduce craving and relapse in patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). Although human clinical trials on the safety and efficacy of ibogaine are lacking, animal studies do support the efficacy of ibogaine. In this systematic review and meta-analysis (MA), we summarise these animal findings, addressing three questions: (1) does ibogaine reduce addictive behaviour in animal models of SUDs?; (2) what are the toxic effects of ibogaine on motor functioning, cerebellum and heart rhythm?; (3) what are neuropharmacological working mechanisms of ibogaine treatment in animal models of SUDs? MA of 27 studies showed that ibogaine reduced drug self-administration, particularly during the first 24 h after administration. Ibogaine had no effect on drug-induced conditioned place preference. Ibogaine administration resulted in motor impairment in the first 24 h after supplementation, and cerebral cell loss even weeks after administration. Data on ibogaines effect on cardiac rhythm, as well as on its neuropharmacological working mechanisms are limited. Our results warrant further studies into the clinical efficacy of ibogaine in SUD patients in reducing craving and substance use, but close monitoring of the patients is recommended because of the possible toxic effects. In addition, more work is needed to unravel the neuropharmacological working mechanisms of ibogaine and to investigate its effects on heart rhythm.
Adiponectin promotes VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis by inhibiting miR-27b through a CaMKII/AMPK/p38 signaling pathway in human chondrosarcoma cells
Authors: Huang Chun-Yin , Chang An-Chen , Chen Hsien-Te , Wang Shih-Wei , Lo Yuan-Shun , Tang Chih-Hsin 
Published: June 2016

Chondrosarcoma is the second most frequently occurring type of bone malignancy characterized by distant metastatic propensity. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) is the major lymphangiogenic factor, and makes crucial contributions to tumour lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Adiponectin is a protein hormone secreted predominantly by differentiated adipocytes. In recent years, adiponectin has also been indicated as facilitating tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and metastasis. However, the effect of adiponectin on VEGF-C regulation and lymphangiogenesis in chondrosarcoma has remained largely a mystery. In the present study, we have shown a clinical correlation between adiponectin and VEGF-C, as well as tumour stage, in human chondrosarcoma tissues. We further demonstrated that adiponectin promoted VEGF-C expression and secretion in human chondrosarcoma cells. The conditioned medium from adiponectin-treated cells significantly induced tube formation and migration of human lymphatic endothelial cells. In addition, adiponectin knock down inhibited lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We also found that adiponectin-induced VEGF-C is mediated by the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p38 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the expression of miR-27b was negatively regulated by adiponectin via the CaMKII, AMPK and p38 cascade. The present study is the first to describe the mechanism of adiponectin-promoted lymphangiogenesis by up-regulating VEGF-C expression in chondrosarcomas. Thus, adiponectin could serve as a therapeutic target in chondrosarcoma metastasis and lymphangiogenesis.
Addressing Communicative Participation in Treatment Planning for Adults: A Survey of U.S. Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Torrence Janaki M. , Baylor Carolyn R. , Yorkston Kathryn M. , Spencer Kristie A. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
In speech-language pathology, there is increasing attention on participation-focused interventions to optimize participation in valued life roles. The purpose of this study was to investigate how speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the United States address life participation in therapy programs, as well as their opinions regarding barriers and facilitators to participation-focused intervention.

Method
An online questionnaire presented case scenarios for aphasia, dysarthria, and laryngectomy to 66 SLPs who have worked with adults. SLPs were asked to write goals and describe therapy activities for the scenarios. The final section of the questionnaire was an open-ended question regarding barriers and facilitators to participation-focused intervention.

Results
Many SLPs addressed participation in their rationales for therapy; 50% of goals had a participation-focused rationale. However, the goals, activities, and outcomes measures typically focused more on impairment and skill performance. Only 8% of goals specifically referenced participation. Although many SLPs stated that participation-focused intervention is important, they identified many barriers to implementation including time and productivity constraints, limits of clinical settings, and documentation challenges.

Conclusions
There is potential for gaps between SLPs' participation-focused rationale for therapy and activities or outcomes measures that often do not include participation elements. SLPs are interested in participation-focused treatment resources.
Ambiguity function of Inmarsat BGAN signal for radar application
Authors: Lyu Xiaoyong , Stove Andrew , Gashinova Marina , Cherniakov Mikhail 
Published: June 2016

The Inmarsat Broadband Global Area Network (BGAN) L‐band downlink signal from a radar viewpoint is studied. The signal is modelled and its ambiguity function (AF) is analysed and the AF is compared with that of the real recorded signal. It is shown that the AF of a single Inmarsat channel has an interference floor of −40 dB for 80 ms integration time. The AF of the Inmarsat BGAN signal is improved by combining multiple frequency channels with channel overlap.
Ultrathin‐body tunnelling FET using a trench structure
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Yan‐fu , Sun Ling‐ling , Xue Wei , Cao Fei 
Published: June 2016

An ultrathin‐channel trench single gate tunnelling field‐effect transistor (trench SG‐TFET) with a 5 nm channel thickness is proposed and investigated. Trench SG‐TFETs demonstrate a higher ION (∼8 times), a steeper sub‐threshold swing (SS) (average SS of 46.2 mV/decade and point SS of 21.8 mV/decade), and a higher ION/IOFF current ratio (∼10 times) as compared with the conventional SG‐TFET at VDS = 0.4 V and temperature of 300 K. Also by using intrinsic region in drain, it has a strong immunity to short‐channel effects in extremely scaled trench SG‐TFETs. The proposed trench SG‐TFET seems to be attractive for future energy‐efficient circuit applications.
Development of a simple assay system for protein-stabilizing efficiency based on hemoglobin protection against denaturation and measurement of the cooperative effect of mixing protein stabilizers
Authors: Chen Siyu , Manabe Yoshiyuki , Minamoto Naoya , Saiki Naoka , Fukase Koichi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We have elucidated the cooperative stabilization of proteins by sugars, amino acids, and other protein-stabilizing agents using a new and simple assay system. Our system determines the protein-stabilizing ability of various compounds by measuring their ability to protect hemoglobin from denaturation. Hemoglobin denaturation was readily measured by quantitative changes in its ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrum. The efficiency of our assay was confirmed using various sugars such as trehalose and sucrose that are known to be good protein stabilizers. We have also found that mixtures of two different types of protein stabilizers resulted in a cooperative stabilizing effect on protein.
Fish allergy in patients with parvalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E depends on parvalbumin content rather than molecular differences in the protein among fish species
Authors: Kobayashi Ayako , Kobayashi Yukihiro , Shiomi Kazuo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Allergenic characteristics of purified parvalbumins from different fish species have not been thoroughly investigated. We revealed that purified parvalbumins from nine different fish species have identical IgE-reactivities and high cross-reactivities. We also showed that fish allergenicity is associated with the parvalbumin content of the fish species, rather than species-specific differences in the molecular characteristics of the individual parvalbumin proteins.
Milton and Legal Reform
Authors: Chapman Alison A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe second half of the seventeenth century was the first great period of legal reform in England’s history. This article situates John Milton in relationship to this contemporary context, arguing that he comments frequently on the need to change England’s laws and displays a finely tuned awareness of some of the major legal debates of his time. This article surveys Milton’s writings about the law and legal education, and it concludes by examining his 1659–60 political pamphlets where he calls for reform of the judicial system and the establishment of local courts.
Domesticating the Reformation: Material Culture, Memory, and Confessional Identity in Early Modern England
Authors: Walsham Alexandra 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article explores domestic artifacts that testify to the afterlife of the European Reformation in the British Isles. Focusing especially on decorated and commemorative delftware, it investigates how the memory of the Protestant past was appropriated and altered in the English context and how it infiltrated the household in the guise of consumer goods in which taste, piety, politics, and private sentiment were intertwined. It analyzes their changing meanings as they moved in space and time, examines their role in cementing and complicating senses of confessional identity, and probes the process of selective remembering and forgetting by which the Reformation acquired the status of a momentous event.
Investigation of impurity transport using laser blow-off technique in the HL-2A Ohmic and ECRH plasmas
Authors: Zhang Kai , Cui Zheng-Ying , Sun Ping , Dong Chun-Feng , Deng Wei , Dong Yun-Bo , Song Shao-Dong , Jiang Min , Li Yong-Gao , Lu Ping , Yang Qing-Wei 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Impurity transports in two neighboring discharges with and without electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) are studied in the HL-2A tokamak by laser blow-off (LBO) technique. The progression of aluminium ions as the trace impurity is monitored by soft x-ray (SXR) and bolometer detector arrays with good temporal and spatial resolutions. Obvious difference in the time trace of the signal between the Ohmic and ECRH L-mode discharges is observed. Based on the numerical simulation with one-dimensional (1D) impurity transport code STRAHL, the radial profiles of impurity diffusion coefficient D and convective velocity V are obtained for each shot. The result shows that the diffusion coefficient D significantly increases throughout the plasma minor radius for the ECRH case with respect to the Ohmic case, and that the convection velocity V changes from negative (inward) for the Ohmic case to partially positive (outward) for the ECRH case. The result on HL-2A confirms the pump out effect of ECRH on impurity profile as reported on various other devices.
Alpine Biome
Authors: Nagy Laszlo 
Published: May 2016

Temperature decreases with latitude from the equator to the poles and with elevation from the lowlands to mountains peaks. A parallel change in biota, most apparent in how plant growth forms give rise to a sequence of tree-dominated biomes/vegetation belts, from tropical lowland evergreen rain forest to boreal taiga or upper montane forest, until tree growth form is no longer sustainable (latitudinal and elevational treelines) and the landscape changes into open low-stature shrub and forb vegetation: polar tundra at high latitudes and alpine vegetation in the mountains. While the concept of tundra biome is well established, no such thing as an “alpine biome” is recognized by most biogeographers. Biogeographically, the alpine “biome” is rather heterogeneous as it encompasses the climatically treeless cold-limited portions of mountain environments in all latitude climate/life zones from the tropics to the poles. The total extent of the alpine biome is estimated at being c. 3 percent of the total land surface of the Earth, where about 4 percent of known vascular plant species occur. The regional biological richness of alpine ecosystems is highly variable across continents, ranging from c. 200 plant species in the east African high volcanic mountains to more than 3,000 species in the north Andean “páramos.” Our knowledge of alpine ecosystems is uneven when mountains are considered worldwide. The Alps and other European mountains are well described botanically and zoologically, allowing comparative biogeographical analyses. Ecological and ecophysiological research in alpine ecosystems has been focusing on diversity/productivity-environment (primarily [micro-]climate) relationships: species acclimation, tolerance, and evolution, the bases of dispersal and distribution. The alpine biome has recently become a test field of the stress-gradient hypothesis and the focus of climate change impact studies, largely through modeling. The history and phylogeography of alpine organisms is also an active field. The number of population and community level studies is small in alpine ecosystems, and they are mostly associated with studying disturbance factors, such as (over)grazing or atmospheric deposition. While ecosystem services that alpine environments contribute to human well-being are increasingly being recognized, their sustainable use largely remains a theoretical consideration. Following major changes in land use in the 1960s, a large proportion of the biome is protected in economically developed countries; in developing countries it continues to provide important goods and services for sustaining local livelihoods. Initiatives are ongoing to undertake long-term integrated research to observe and report changes to the structure and functioning of alpine ecosystems in response to climate change and human land use.