bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point-of-Care No-Specimen Diagnostic Platform using Machine Learning and Raman Spectroscopy: Proof-of-Concept Studies for Both COVID-19 and Blood Glucose
Authors: Chefitz Allen , Singh Rohit , Birch Thomas , Yang Yongwu , Hussain Arib , Chefitz Gabriella 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Significance
We describe a novel, specimen-free diagnostic platform that can immediately detect both a metabolite (glucose) or an infection (COVID-19), by non-invasively using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning.
Aim
Current diagnostic testing for infections and glucose monitoring requires specimens, disease specific reagents, processing, and increases environmental waste. We propose a new hardware-software paradigm by designing and constructing a finger-scanning, hardware device to acquire Raman spectroscopy readouts and, by varying a machine learning algorithm to interpret the data, allows for diverse diagnoses.
Approach
455 patients were enrolled prospectively in the COVID-19 study. 148 tested positive and 307 tested negative on nasal PCR testing done concurrently with testing using our viral detector. The tests were performed on both outpatients (N=382) and inpatients (N= 73) at Holy Name Medical Center in Teaneck, NJ between June 2021 and August 2022. Patients’ fingers were scanned using an 830nm Raman System and then, using machine learning, processed to provide an immediate result.
In a separate study between April 2023 and August 2023, measurements using the same device and scanning a finger were used to detect blood glucose levels. Using a Dexcom sensor and an Accu-Chek device as references, a cross- validation based regression of 205 observations of blood glucose was performed with a machine learning algorithm.
Results
In a five-fold cross-validation analysis (including asymptomatic patients), a machine learning classifier using the Raman spectra as input achieved a specificity for COVID-19 of 0.837 at a sensitivity of 0.80 and an area under receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.896). However, when the data were split by time, with training data consisting of observations before 1 July 2022 and test data consisting of observations after it, the model achieved an AUROC of 0.67, with 0.863 sensitivity at a specificity of 0.517. This decrease in AUROC may be due to substantial domain shift as the virus evolves. A similar five-fold cross validation analysis of Raman glucose detection produces an area under precision-recall curve (AUPR) of 0.58.
Conclusion
The combination of Raman spectroscopy, AI/ML, and our patient-interface admitting only a patient’s finger and using no specimen, offers unprecedented flexibility in introducing new diagnostic tests or adapting existing ones. As the ML algorithm can be iteratively retrained with new data and the software deployed to field devices remotely, it promises to be a valuable tool for detecting rapidly emerging infectious outbreaks, as well as disease specific biomarkers, such as glucose.
Exploring Nutrient Supplements for Enhanced Growth and Quality of Devaleraea mollis and Palmaria hecatensis
Authors: Jung Jae Woo , Dittrich Muriel , Kim Jang K. , Umanzor Schery 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Devaleraea mollis and Palmaria hecatensis have emerged as potential species for land-based cultivation of red seaweeds in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Land-based cultivation has the advantage of customization of high-quality biomass production. However, the high material and preparation costs of the von Stosch enrichment medium (VSE) are a limitation of land-based cultivation of D. mollis and P. hecatensis. This study aims to reduce operational and management costs associated with controlling the culturing conditions of D. mollis and P. hecatensis without compromising biomass growth and quality in land-based tank cultivation systems. Five experimental treatments, 1) ambient seawater (AS); 2) VSE; 3) Guillard's f/2 medium (f/2); 4) commercial fertilizer, Jack's Special (JS); 5) JS with vitamin (JSV), were used in the present study. The growth, pigment, and protein content of D. mollis and P. hecatensis were measured. Except for AS, Palmaria hecatensis showed similar growth, pigment, and protein content at all experimental treatments. The growth and protein content of D. mollisexposed to VSE were decreased by nitrogen limitation. However, the protein content of D. mollis exposed to JS and JSV significantly increased without a decrease in growth. Therefore, the commercial fertilizer, Jack's Special (25-5-15), can replace the VSE for D. mollis and P. hecatensis, reducing operational and management costs link to nutrient supplementation.
A qualitative study of patient competence for patient engagement in their safety——from the perspective of nurses and patients
Authors: Lu Ying , Zhang Jin Jin , Liu Xue , Zhou Yao Ling , Zhang Han Qin , Yan Qiao Yuan , Zeng Na 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives: To elucidate the essential competencies required for patient engagement in their own safety.
Method: We adopted a phenomenological approach in qualitative research to conduct semi-structured interviews with nurses (n=14) and adult patients (n=13) from different departments. By deeply exploring their experiences and feelings about patient participation in patient safety, we sought to understand their views on the qualities that patients need to possess in order to participate in their own safety.
Results：From the interviews，we identified seven major themes, including competence of information sharing, competence of taking patient engagement as responsibility and right, competence of making equal communication, competence of maintaining trust relationship with health personnels, competence of accepting non-punitive safety culture, need of resource support, need of channels to provide accurate health information, five of them showed essential competences for patients and two of them showed patients’ need for promoting their engagement.
Conclusion：The findings of this study show necessary competence and needs in patient engagement process of patient, offer a foundational reference for constructing a measurement tool for patient engagement in patient safety competence in the future, so that medical staff and patients can provide reference for the future targeted construction of patient competence improvement programs. At the same time, improving patient competence and engagement to better achieve safety goals requires the joint efforts of patients, medical staff, medical institutions, the government, and society.
Patient Self Rated Pain: Headache Versus Migraine a Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Toigo Elizabeth , Pellot Erin , Lyons Hannah , McAllister Peter , Taylor Martin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) uses moderate or severe pain intensity in the diagnostic criterion for migraine. However, few studies have analyzed pain rating on a visual analog scale to identify the numerical intensity that correlates with migraine.
Objective To evaluate the impact of daily self-rated headache pain among patients with either episodic or chronic migraine. This study specifically aims to evaluate the probability of patients labeling their head pain as a headache vs migraine based on the pain level reported.
Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with a clinical diagnosis of migraine from July 1, 2014, to July 1, 2019.
Results: Data of 114 subjects (57 episodic migraine and 57 chronic migraine) were used for analysis. Patients with episodic migraine on average rated a migraine more severe than a headache (4.1 VS 6.4; p<0.001). Patients with chronic migraine on average also rated migraine more severe than a headache (4.3 vs 6.8; p=0.0054). Chronic migraine patients transitioned from calling head pain a headache to a migraine significantly later than episodic migraine patients (4.5 vs 6.8; p<0.05).
Conclusion: Migraine is perceived as having higher pain intensity than a headache in patients with both episodic and chronic migraine. Patients with chronic migraine have a higher pain threshold when reported a migraine.
Clock gene Bmal1 influences the cell cycle of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis
Authors: Yang Chunsheng , Chen Mi , Aletengbieke Zulifeiya , Wang Baolan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease caused by multiple factors. This study used in vitro and animal models to investigate the connection between the biological clock and cell cycle in osteoarthritic cartilage. The results indicate that the transcription levels of the circadian clock gene Bmal1 exhibit a negative correlation with Mmp13 and positive correlation with Wee1. Thus, increased expression of Bmal1 and Wee1 may be a potential protective factor in osteoarthritis, while high expression of Per1, Cdk1, Ccnb1, and Mmp13 may be a risk factor. By controlling the cell cycle and contributing to the pathophysiology of OA, the biological clock may impact the apoptosis of chondrocytes.
Optimization of Shunt Reactor Design Using Evolutionary Algorithms: PSO and DE
Authors: Ascencion-Mestiza Hector , Maximov Serguei , Olivares-Galvan Juan C. , Ocon-Valdez Rodrigo , Mezura-Montes Efrén , Escarela-Perez Rafael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study proposes the use of stochastic evolutionary algorithms, specifically Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE), for optimizing the design of an extra high voltage 400/ √ 3 kV, 50 MVAr, 60 Hz core type shunt reactor. The goal is to minimize material costs and consider the evaluated loss cost to maximize efficiency while meeting relevant specifications and regulations. All key optimization variables are considered, including the number of turns, the diameter and number of core magnetic packages, the length of air gaps, and the cross-sectional area of the coil conductor. The main calculation formulas are described, and a Python program is developed using PSO and DE algorithms. The results show a total ownership cost (TOC) reduction of 3.34% 1 and 5.55% using PSO and DE respectively, compared to the actual design built and tested in the laboratory by a national manufacturer, which was designed using trial and error method. Finally, the program is evaluated by performing different designs based on the evaluated cost of losses (USD/kW). It is concluded that the application of PSO and DE algorithms in shunt reactor design offers promising results, yielding more efficient solutions in terms of cost and time, ensuring compliance with current standards, and providing flexibility to optimize the design considering the specific efficiency requirements of the electrical grid based on the evaluated cost of losses.
Quantum Long Short-Term Memory for Drug Discovery
Authors: Zhang Liang , Xu Yin , Wu Mohan , Wang Liang , Xu Hua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Quantum computing combined with machine learning (ML) is an extremely promising research area, with numerous studies demonstrating that quantum machine learning (QML) is expected to solve scientific problems more effectively than classical ML. In this work, we successfully apply QML to drug discovery, showing that QML can significantly improve model performance and achieve faster convergence compared to classical ML. Moreover, we demonstrate that the model accuracy of the QML improves as the number of qubits increases. We alsointroduce noise to our model and find that it has littleeffect on experimental conclusions, illustrating the high robustness of the QML model. This work highlights the potential application of quantum computing to yield significant benefits for scientific advancement as the qubit quantity increase and quality improvement in the future.
Compressive Behavior of Wood Contact with Mortar and Epoxy Resin Adhesives
Authors: Kosugi Shun , Totsuka Marina , Nakashima Hiroki , Ikeda Masakazu , Aoki Kenji 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In recent years, researchers and engineers have developed a wide range of connection systems between wood and other materials, such as concrete and steel. However, the mechanical behavior of the surfaces where wood meets these materials is yet to be understood. In wood, low-stiffness areas called damage zones form near end grains, when compressed parallel to the grain. These low-stiffness areas may come in contact with various materials; therefore, understanding the behavior of the damage zones with various materials. This paper describes the results and analysis of experimental tests conducted on 130 specimens compressed parallel to the grain, to examine the compression behavior when the low-stiffness areas of glulam (Japanese cedar and Japanese larch) come in contact with mortar, epoxy adhesives, and steel. Compared with specimens joined with steels, the specimens joined with mortar had lower strength and stiffness, whereas those with epoxy structural adhesives had higher or almost equivalent strength and stiffness. Additionally, the specimens joined with mortar had the most significant strain in the damage zone, followed by those with steel loading plates and those with epoxy structural adhesives. These results suggest that using mortar as a contact material has a detrimental effect on the strength and stiffness of glulam. In contrast, the use of epoxy structural adhesives can improve the stiffness of glulam by mitigating the effects of the damage zone.
Fetal Chondrodysplasia Punctata: A Clinical Study of Five Cases
Authors: Deng Qian , Wang Wen , Wang Meili , Wu Yanmei , Jin Yuanyuan , Zhou Xiaoshu , Lu Yaping , Wang Xiaohu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
To explore prenatal ultrasonic manifestations, genetic etiology and pregnancy outcomes of fetal chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP).
Methods
Five fetuses from three families diagnosed with CDP by prenatal ultrasound were retrospectively analysed, and the clinical features, genetic testing results and pregnancy outcomes of CDP cases were analysed.
Results
(1)Prenatal ultrasound showed punctate strong echogenicity of long diaphyseal epiphysis(mainly at femur,tibia,humerus) in all five fetuses. Four fetuses (4/5,80%) were complicated with short long bones. Three fetuses (3/5,60%) were complicated with spinal anomalies and one case(1/5,20%) were complicated with Binder syndrome. Cataracts were presented in 2 fetuses(2/5,40%). (2) Genetic testing was performed in all five fetuses. There were no abnormalities in chromosome karyotype and chromosomal microarray analysis(CMA). However some regional gene pathogenic variations were found in whole exome sequencing(WES). (3)Induced labour was performed in four fetuses. Only one fetus was delivered at 39 weeks of gestation and transferred to the department of pediatrics for respiratory support due to dyspnea after birth, and had the good prognosis with follow-up.
Conclusion
The fetuses diagnosed with CDP mostly have genetic abnormalities and adverse neonatal outcomes. For fetuses with punctate strong echogenicity of long diaphyseal epiphysis and short long bones detected by ultrasound, it is necessary to comprehensively screen for other systemic malformations, especially spinal dysplasia and facial malformations. Genetic testing is recommended.
JAYA Optimization Inherited Self-Organizing Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Controller for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Kumara Varuna , Ganesan Ezhilarasan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Due to the rising demand for water, wastewater treatment processes (WWTPs) gain huge attention. However, operating WWTPs is complex due to the physical, chemical, and biological processes involved, and they often face issues like nonlinearity, unpredictability, and disruptions, which can impair control performance and cause instability.
Objective: To address these challenges, a fuzzy-based sliding-mode controller (FSMC) is proposed to improve control performance and stability.
Methods: To suppress the disturbances and uncertainties on controlling WWTP, fuzzy logic is incorporated with SMC. The FSMC parameters are optimally tuned by means of a JAYA optimization Algorithm depending on the tracking error and structure complexities. The proposed controller reduce disruptions and unpredictability by controlling the bioreactor, eases computational burdens by updating parameter values, and enhances control performance while minimizing chattering through the JAYA optimization technique.
Results: The performance analysis is done by comparing the proposed method with standard approaches. The investigation is conducted on WWTP with five pH reactors, pH underflow, pH overflow, and pH influent conditions. Error analysis shows that the FSMC has achieved the RMSE error of 0.23641, which is better than existing MAHPFSMC, WFSMC, GFSMC, SSFSMC, IBFSMC, IMBFSMC, OFSMC, WO, and SOSMC methods.
Novel clustered federated learning based on local loss
Authors: Gu Endong , Chen Yongxin , Wen Hao , Cai Xingju , Han Deren 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This paper proposes LCFL, a novel clustering metric for evaluating clients' data distributions in federated learning. LCFL aligns with federated learning requirements, accurately assessing client-to-client variations in data distribution. It offers advantages over existing clustered federated learning methods, addressing privacy concerns, improving applicability to non-convex models, and providing more accurate classification results. LCFL does not require prior knowledge of clients' data distributions. We provide a rigorous mathematical analysis, demonstrating the correctness and feasibility of our framework. Numerical experiments with neural network instances highlight the superior performance of LCFL over baselines on several clustered federated learning benchmarks.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) MSC code1 · MSC code2 · more
The Effect of Surgical and Non-surgical Periodontal Treatment on the Quality of Life in Patients With Periodontitis
Authors: Gerzile Aliye , Naziker Yonca , Özer Ece , Ertuğrul Abdullah Seçkin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: The purpose of the present research is evaluating the status of periodontitis patients and changes in their quality of life after non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment using OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile), OHRQoL-UK (Oral Health Related Quality of Life United Kingdom) questionnaires, and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale).
Methods: A total of 50 people, classified as periodontitis patients, participated in this study, 27 of whom received non-surgical treatment and 23 of whom received surgical treatment in addition to non-surgical treatment. OHIP-14, OHRQoL-UK questionnaires and VAS were administered to these patients before and after their periodontal treatments.
Results: OHRQoL-UK results found that there was a statistically significant increase in the 3rd month control values ​​after the flap operation compared to the initial session (p<0.05). Compared to non-surgical periodontal treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in quality of life in all categories except the pain/discomfort category (p>0.05). Although OHIP-14 results showed a statistically significant difference in all categories (p<0.05) compared to the initial (T1) values ​​of non-surgical treatment (T2) and surgical periodontal treatment (T3), no significant difference was found between T2 and T3 treatment. (p>0.05). After surgical and non-surgical periodontal treatment, an increase in some values ​​was observed in VAS results compared to the initial session, but no significant difference was found. (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Compared to T1 values, a significant difference was observed in T2 and T3, but when the values after T2 and T3 were compared; there was no significant difference in the quality of life of patients with periodontitis.
Research on fracture propagation process of coal seam hydraulic fracturing based on simulation analysis and microseismic monitoring
Authors: Jing Tongling , Tao Chuanqi , Liu Du , Li Yong , Han Wenlong , Miao Huan , Fu Haiyang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Coal structures significantly influence the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing, which is vital for enhancing coalbed methane production. Experiments, models, and microseismic monitoring show how coal structures affect fracture propagation: (1) Different structural combinations affect the initiation pressure and time, with variations in the way cracks expand depending on the structure. (2) An increase in the thickness of clastic coal leads to fracture extension towards it, while the native coal structure facilitates fracture expansion. Cracks propagate along the largest horizontal principal stress direction due to the increased bonding and flexibility of clump coal when exposed to fracturing fluid. (3) In the "two hards sandwiching one soft" structural combination, where hard coal is thick and soft coal is thin, cracks propagate through the soft coal. The hard coal provides effective crack generation, yet the presence of soft coal notably increases fracturing fluid loss.
Constitutive expression of the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD does not affect microglia phenotype or function in homeostasis and neuroinflammation
Authors: Schramm Eva , Becker Vanessa , Palagi Ilaria , Müller Melanie , Rösler Thomas , Durak Feyza , Ebering Anna , Karram Khalad , von Stebut Esther , Schmeisser Michael J. , Waisman Ari 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD negatively regulates NF-κB signaling by removing activating ubiquitin chains from several members of the NF-κB pathway. Thereby, CYLD is critical for the maintenance and differentiation of various immune cells. Despite the importance of the NF-κB pathway in microglia regulation, the role of CYLD in microglia has not been investigated so far. In this study, we investigated whether CYLD in microglia can protect against neuroinflammation using a newly generated conditional mouse strain (Rosa26-Cyld-tdTomato) that allows cell type-specific CYLD overexpression. Here, we show that overexpression of CYLD in microglia did not alter microglia numbers or microglia morphology in different brain regions. Additionally, CYLD overexpression did not modify the microglial response to LPS-induced neuroinflammation or the disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Finally, also immune cell infiltration into the CNS during EAE and under steady state conditions remained unaffected by microglial CYLD overexpression. Our findings suggest that CYLD overexpression does not alter microglial function, and thus does not represent a viable therapeutic strategy in neuroinflammatory conditions. This study highlights the complexity of ubiquitin-mediated signaling in neuroinflammation and the need for cell-type-specific investigations. The Rosa26-Cyld-tdTomato mouse model offers a valuable tool for studying CYLD’s role across various tissues and cell types.
SP-LID:Subtle Perturbation Sensitive Adversarial Example Detection Method Based on Local Intrinsic Dimension
Authors: Ge JiaWei , Wang Juan , Yu Yue , Chen Ran 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Computer vision models based on deep learning technology are vulnerable to adversarial examples. By adding some subtle perturbations to the examples, the attacker can make the deep learning model make mistakes, which will lead to serious consequences. In order to better defend against this attack, one of the methods is to detect and cull the adversarial examples. Compared with the original local intrinsic dimension detection method, this paper proposes an optimized local intrinsic dimension detection method to characterize the dimensional properties of adversarial examples. This method not only detects the distance distribution of a example to its neighbors, but also evaluates the sensitivity of a example to perturbations to determine whether it is an adversarial example. Four different adversarial attack strategies were used to evaluate the defense effect of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the improved local intrinsic dimension detection method is more effective than other defense methods, and plays a significant role in different data sets.