bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and evaluation of intervarietal substitution lines of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with donor segments affecting the direct embryo to plant conversion rate of microspore-derived embryos
Authors: Kampouridis Anthimos , Ziese-Kubon Katharina , Nurhasanah  , Ecke Wolfgang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMicrospore culture has become an important tool in many species, includingBrassicas, for the production of entirely homozygous lines, so called double haploid (DH) lines. The primary products of microspore culture are embryo-like structures, called microspore-derived embryos (MDEs). A major problem in the development of DH lines is the often low efficiency of Direct Embryo to Plant Conversion (DEPC). During the development of DH populations, favourable alleles of genes affecting the DEPC rate will be under selection. This selection should lead to skewed segregations at markers linked to these genes. By comparing skewed marker segregations in four populations, a population of doubled haploid plantlets, a haploid and a doubled haploid MDE population, and a BC1population, 20 genomic regions were identified, which showed patterns of skewed segregations across the populations, indicative of the segregation of genetic factors controlling DEPC rates. Four regions and eight intervarietal substitution lines (ISLs) with donor segments overlapping these regions were selected for further studies. Three ISLs, ER654, ER661 and ER653 with DEPC rates of 49.1, 54.5 and 57.2 %, showed significantly reduced DEPC rates compared to the rate of the recurrent parent of 76.5 %. By comparing donor segments between the significant and the non-significant lines, eight genomic regions were identified that may contain genetic factors controlling the DEPC rate in rapeseed. These regions range in size from 0 (represented by just one marker) to 16.5 cM and cover together just 1.33 % of the genetic map used to characterize the donor segments in the ISLs.
Predictors and outcomes of low birth weight in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Chibwesha Carla J. , Zanolini Arianna , Smid Marcela , Vwalika Bellington , Phiri Kasaro Margaret , Mwanahamuntu Mulindi , Stringer Jeffrey S.A. , Stringer Elizabeth M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) in an urban Zambian cohort and investigate risk of adverse outcomes for LBW neonates.MethodsThe present retrospective cohort analysis used data recorded between February 2006 and December 2012 for singletons and first‐born twins delivered in the public health system of Lusaka, Zambia. Routine clinical data and generalized estimating equations were used to examine covariates associated with LBW (< 2500 g) and describe outcomes of LBW.ResultsIn total, 200 557 neonates were included, 21 125 (10.5%) of whom were LBW. Placental abruption, delivery before 37 weeks, and twin pregnancy were associated with LBW in multivariable analysis (P < 0.01 for all). Compared with neonates weighing more than 2500 g, LBW neonates were at higher risk of stillbirth (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 8.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.5–11.5), low Apgar score (AOR 5.7, 95% CI 4.6–7.2), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (AOR 5.4, 95% CI 3.5–8.3), and very early neonatal death (AOR 6.2, 95% CI 3.7–10.3).ConclusionLBW neonates are at increased risk of adverse outcomes, including stillbirth and neonatal death, independent of pregnancy duration at delivery and multiple pregnancy. These findings underscore the need for early, comprehensive, and high‐quality prenatal care.
Standard reference values for the shock index during pregnancy
Authors: Borovac‐Pinheiro Anderson , Pacagnella Rodolfo C. , Morais Sirlei S. , Cecatti Jose G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess variation in the shock index (SI; heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure) during pregnancy.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, data were assessed from the medical records of women with low‐risk pregnancies who attended a primary healthcare unit for prenatal care in Campinas, Brazil, between January 2012 and December 2013. The means, standard deviations, and percentiles of SI values were calculated for different pregnancy lengths, stratified by body mass index (BMI) and maternal age.ResultsIn total, 192 pregnant women with 1097 measurements were included. The mean SI values ranged from 0.756 ± 0.127 at 12 weeks or fewer to 0.831 ± 0.144 at 28–32 weeks. There was an increase in values in the second trimester and beginning of the third, followed by a decrease at term. The percentile distribution ranged from 0.522 (2.5th percentile) to 1.190 (97.5th percentile). SI values showed a trend toward lower values with increasing BMI. Regression analysis showed that BMI was the factor that most influenced the data.ConclusionReference ranges were established for SI values, which showed small variations throughout pregnancy and slightly higher values than the general population.
Catheter ablation for ventricular tachyarrhythmia in patients with channelopathies
Authors: Murakoshi Nobuyuki , Aonuma Kazutaka 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDrug treatment and/or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation are the most widely accepted first‐line therapies for channelopathic patients who have recurrent syncope, sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), or documented ventricular fibrillation (VF), or are survivors of cardiac arrest. In recent years, there have been significant advances in mapping techniques and ablation technology, coupled with better understanding of the mechanisms of ventricular tachyarrhythmia in channelopathies. Catheter ablation has provided important insights into the role of the Purkinje network and the right ventricular outflow tract in the initiation and perpetuation of VT/VF, and has evolved as a promising treatment modality for ventricular tachyarrhythmia even in channelopathies. When patients are exposed to a high risk of sudden cardiac death or deterioration of their quality of life due to episodes of tachycardia and frequent ICD discharges, catheter ablation may be an effective treatment option to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death and decrease the frequency of cardiac events. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of catheter ablation for VT/VF in patients with channelopathies including Brugada syndrome, idiopathic VF, long QT syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic VT.
Total Phallic Reconstruction Using the Radial Artery Based Forearm Free Flap After Traumatic Penile Amputation
Authors: Falcone Marco , Garaffa Giulio , Raheem Amr , Christopher Nim A. , Ralph David J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although genital injuries in civilian centers are rare, the scenario is completely different in the battlefield. If the penile distal stump is not adequate for primary reimplantation or it cannot be found, then delayed penile reconstruction needs to be considered.

Aim
To report a single-center experience with total phallic reconstruction using radial artery based forearm free flap (RAFFF) after penile traumatic loss.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 10 patients who underwent total phallic reconstruction with the use of the RAFFF from September 2001 through August 2015 after traumatic amputation of the penis.

Main Outcome Measures
Patients' baseline features, surgical outcomes, complications, and satisfaction are reported.

Results
The average age at the time of penile reconstruction was 36 years (range = 27–52 years). The causes of penile loss were self-amputation owing to an acute schizophrenic episode (n = 2), road traffic accident (n = 3), blast injury (n = 3), donkey bite (n = 1), and Fournier gangrene (n = 1). The average time from the trauma to reconstruction with the RAFFF was 7 years (range = 2–15 years). The urethral stump was adequate for primary anastomosis, with phallic neourethra construction in six patients. The remaining patients had complete avulsion of the penis and were voiding though a perineal urethrostomy. In consequence, they required a two-stage urethroplasty. An acute arterial thrombosis of the microsurgical anastomosis occurred in two patients and was managed successfully with immediate exploration. A neourethra stricture and fistula occurred in one patient, which needed revision. All patients who underwent complete urethral reconstruction could void and ejaculate from the tip of the phallus. After a median follow-up of 51 months (range = 1–114 months), all patients were satisfied with the size, cosmetic appearance, and sensation of the phallus. Six patients underwent inflatable penile prosthesis implantation and could engage in penetrative sex. However, revision surgery was needed in three patients (infection, n = 2; mechanical failure, n = 1).

Conclusion
Despite the high incidence of postoperative complications and the possible need for multiple operations, in expert hands and in large-volume centers, penile reconstruction with the RAFFF after traumatic loss of the penis yields excellent results and allows patients to regain sexual and urinary functions.
The “Near‐Peer” Approach to Teaching Musculoskeletal Physical Examination Skills Benefits Residents and Medical Students
Authors: Rosenberg Casandra J. , Nanos Katherine N. , Newcomer Karen L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe musculoskeletal physical examination (MSK PE) is an essential part of medical student training, and it is best taught in a hands‐on, longitudinal fashion. A barrier to this approach is faculty instructor availability. “Near‐peer” teaching refers to physicians‐in‐training teaching their junior colleagues. It is unknown whether near‐peer teaching is effective in teaching this important physical examination skill.ObjectiveTo investigate attitudes of medical students and physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residents regarding near‐peer teaching in an MSK PE curriculum.DesignQualitative, anonymous paper and online surveys.SettingTertiary academic center with a medical school and PM&R training program.ParticipantsNinety‐nine second‐ and third‐year medical students and 13 PM&R residents in their third or fourth postgraduate year.MethodsAttitudes of second‐ and third‐year medical students were measured immediately after their MSK PE course. Resident attitudes were measured in a single cross‐sectional sample.Main Outcome MeasurementsStudent attitudes were assessed via a questionnaire with 5‐point Likert scales and a free‐text comment section. The resident questionnaire included a combination of multiple‐choice questions, rankings, free‐text responses, and Likert scales.ResultsAll 99 students completed the questionnaire. The majority of students (n = 79 [80%]) reported that resident involvement as hands‐on instructors of examination skills was “very useful,” and 87 (88%) indicated that resident‐led small discussion groups were “very helpful” or “somewhat helpful.” Fifty‐seven of 99 students (58%) reported that the resident‐facilitated course was “much better” than courses without resident involvement. Twelve of 13 eligible residents completed the survey, and of those, 8 found teaching “very helpful” to their MSK knowledge, and 11 became “somewhat” or “much more confident” in clinical examination skills.ConclusionsOur study supports educational benefits to medical students and resident instructors in our MSK PE program. We recommend including near‐peer teaching in medical student education, particularly for hands‐on skills; we also recommend providing opportunities for PM&R residents to participate in formal near‐peer education.Level of EvidenceNot applicable.
Paleoproterozoic high-Mg low-Ti gabbro-granite series in eastern Sarmatia: Geochemistry and formation conditions
Authors: Terentiev R.A. , Savko K.A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We present nomenclature and geochemical classification of Paleoproterozoic LILE-enriched high-Mg low-Ti mafic-granitoid rocks of the eastern margin of the Sarmatia paleocontinent and substantiate their tectonic position. Two differentiated rock series are recognized: (1) biotite–orthopyroxene melanorite–quartz-meladiorite–melagranodiorite and (2) hornblende–biotite quartz-diorite–tonalite–granodiorite. Both series correspond in chemical composition to calc-alkalic gabbro-diorites, diorites, tonalites, and granodiorites. As follows from their mineralogical and geochemical compositions, these are norite-diorite rocks (intrusive analogs of boninites) (SiO2 = 52–65 wt.%, MgO = 5–20 wt.%, TiO2 = 0.2–0.8 wt.%) and high-Mg granitoids (SiO2 = 60–70 wt.%, Na2O/K2O = 0.65–1.33, MgO = 3.23–7.40 wt.%, K2O = 1.9–4.0 wt.%), respectively. Their high Mg# values (67–87) and Cr contents (&gt; 100 ppm), on the one hand, and their isotope-geochemical characteristics similar to those of the host metaterrigenous rocks, the magma enrichment in LILE, and the presence of Ni sulfide ores with a predominance of light sulfur isotopes, on the other, testify to crustal contamination of mantle magmas. The rock series are nearly of the same age and belong to the same magmatic system, where high-Mg granitoids are differentiates of parental high-Mg (boninite-like) norite-dioritic magma. This is confirmed by a gradual increase in SiO2 and K2O contents and a decrease in Mg# and Ni, Co, V, and Cr contents in the sequence from norites to granodiorites and by the facies and phase relationships between the series. Intrusion of rocks took place at shallow depths following the low-temperature metamorphism and folding under postcollisional collapse of the East Sarmatian orogen.
New results of OSL dating of Quaternary sediments in the Upper Katun’ valley (Gorny Altai) and adjacent area
Authors: Zolnikov I.D. , Deev E.V. , Kotler S.A. , Rusanov G.G. , Nazarov D.V. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Several sections have been studied to understand the distribution and interrelation of basic genetic types of Quaternary deposits in the Uimon basin and adjacent area. The OSL date of 101 ± 10 ka from the glaciolacustrine terrace on the northeastern rim of the basin corresponds to the cool substage of MIS 5. The glaciolacustrine sediments of the northern rim are covered with widespread diamictic flows of the outburst draining of the ice-dammed lake. The diamicts are overlain by a subaerial complex of loesses and three fossil soils. From the OSL loess dates in the range of 43 to 49 ka we infer that the complex formed from the early MIS 3 through the Holocene. This is also supported by radiocarbon dates from alluvial deposits incised into the glaciolacustrine terrace and into megaflood sediments of the final draining of the last paleolake. The OSL dates in the range of 77 to 89 ka from alluvial sediments indicate that postglacial downcutting of the present-day Katun’ valley probably started just after MIS 5. The discrepancy between the beryllium dates from dropstones and Holocene TL-dates of the Katun’ valley floods ranging from 23 to 6 ka can be explained if the younger floods are related to the draining of moraine- and rock slide dammed rather than ice-dammed lakes. The younger floods, though being less voluminous than the glacial megafloods, were capable of producing giant ripple marks.
Thermophysical method for quantitative estimation of hydrate content in samples imitating bottom sediments
Authors: Fadeeva I.I. , Duchkov A.A. , Permyakov M.E. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Gas hydrates in sediments can dissociate on heating, which causes a characteristic change in temperature over time. This can be used to detect hydrates and estimate their content. The geothermal method for gas hydrate prospecting consists in obtaining thermograms and defining regularities related to the presence of gas hydrates in the medium. The aim of this study was a quantitative estimation of hydrate content in sediments, based on data from repeated measurements of the temperature of a linear heat source (needle probe). The power of the source is chosen so that hydrate does not decompose in the first measurement but decomposes in the second. Afterward, we solve the optimization inverse problem of determination of the model parameters, one of which is a hydrate content. Experimental data on heating of the laboratory samples are processed, and hydrate contents are obtained with an accuracy of 30%. These values agree with independent estimates. The analytical solution of the axially symmetric problem of gas hydrate dissociation, based on the solution of the Stefan problem, is applied as a mathematical model for hydrate heating and decomposition in the sample.
The mechanism of magma ascent through the solid lithosphere and relation between mantle and crustal diapirism: numerical modeling and natural examples
Authors: Polyansky O.P. , Reverdatto V.V. , Babichev A.V. , Sverdlova V.G. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Diapirism can be regarded as the main mechanism of transport through the lithosphere for both felsic and mafic/ultramafic magmas. However, the lack of field observations makes it difficult to identify the key mechanism responsible for the formation of dome-shaped structures. In this study, emplacement of natural diapirs is reconstructed by numerical experiments handling realistic rheological and petrological models for the crust and mantle lithosphere. Three different regimes of diapiric ascent were established depending on the chosen model rheology: (1) single-stage diapir ascent; (2) pulsating ascent of successive batches of mantle-derived magma to the base of the crust with a periodicity of 2–3 Myr; (3) emplacement of extensive magma bodies in the form of sills either beneath the base of the crust (underplating) or to deeper mantle levels. The timescale of 30 Myr for a heat source at the base of the lithosphere is sufficient to initiate the ascent of a diapir through the mantle and crust. The study provides the estimates of rheological properties of the lithosphere and partially molten material at which diapiric ascent through the mantle and crust can occur.
Active faults of the northern Tien Shan: tectonophysical zoning of seismic risk
Authors: Rebetsky Yu.L. , Kuzikov S.I. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This study continues the work by Mikhail Gzovsky on geological (tectonophysical) criteria for seismic risk. It is suggested to perform seismic-risk zoning according to parameters of normal and shear stresses on fault planes converted from results of tectonophysical stress reconstructions. The approach requires the knowledge of both dip and strike of the respective fault segments. Slip geometry is estimated from stress tensor, assuming that it is directed along shear stress. The suggested approach is applied to faults in the northern Tien Shan, and the current stress parameters are reconstructed using source mechanisms of catalogued earthquakes recorded by the KNET seismological network of the RAS Science Station in Bishkek. Stress modeling is performed by the method of cataclastic analysis providing constraints on stress ellipsoids, as well as on relations between the spherical and deviatoric components of the stress tensor. Plotted on the Mohr diagram, the fault stress points allow estimating whether the respective fault segments are close to the critical state (brittle failure). The suggested seismic-risk zoning of faults in the northern Tien Shan reveals up to 25 km long hazardous fault segments.
Using Timely Survey-Based Information Networks to Collect Data on Best Practices for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response: Illustrative Case From the American College of Emergency Physicians’ Ebola Surveys
Authors: Abir Mahshid , Moore Melinda , Chamberlin Margaret , Koenig Kristi L. , Hirshon Jon Mark , Singh Cynthia , Schneider Sandra , Cantrill Stephen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveUsing the example of surveys conducted by the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) regarding the management of Ebola cases in the United States, we aimed to demonstrate how survey-based information networks can provide timely data to inform best practices in responding to public health emergencies.MethodsACEP conducted 3 surveys among its members in October to November 2014 to assess the state of Ebola preparedness in emergency departments. We analyzed the surveys to illustrate the types of information that can be gleaned from such surveys. We analyzed qualitative data through theme extraction and collected quantitative results through cross-tabulations and logistic regression examining associations between outcomes and potential contributing factors.ResultsIn the first survey, most respondents perceived their hospital as being reasonably prepared for Ebola. The second survey revealed significant associations between a hospital’s preparedness and its perceived ability to admit Ebola patients. The third survey identified 3 hospital characteristics that were significantly and independently associated with perceived ability to admit Ebola patients: large size, previous Ebola screening experience, and physician- and nurse-led hospital preparedness.ConclusionProfessional associations can use their member networks to collect timely survey data to inform best practices during and immediately after public health emergencies. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:681–690)
Trace fossils of possible parasites inside the gut contents of a hadrosaurid dinosaur, Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation, Montana
Authors: Tweet Justin , Chin Karen , Ekdale A. A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTiny sinuous trace fossils have been found within probable gut contents of an exceptionally preserved specimen of a hadrosaurid dinosaur,Brachylophosaurus canadensis, from the Judith River Formation of Montana. Approximately 280 examples of the trace fossils were observed in 19 samples of gut region material. The tubular structures typically are about 0.3 mm across. Many have thin calcareous linings or layers, and some exhibit fine surficial striae. At least two dozen of these trace fossils share walls with adjacent tubular traces, and this association can extend for several millimeters. While the trace fossils share some characteristics with fine rhizoliths, these features are most consistent with tiny burrows, or possibly body impressions, of worms (vermiform organisms) of uncertain biologic affinity. Such trace fossils have not been reported previously, and herein described asParvitubulites striatusn. gen. n. sp. Either autochthonous (parasites) or allochthonous (scavengers) worms may have created the trace fossils, but taphonomic factors suggest that autochthonous burrowers are more likely. Several lines of evidence, such as constant diameters and matching directional changes, suggest that the paired trace fossils were made by two individuals moving at the same time, which implies sustained intraspecific contact.Parvitubulites striatusprovides a rare record of interactions between terrestrial, meiofaunal-sized, soft-bodied invertebrates and a dinosaur carcass. The evidence that the worms may have parasitized a living hadrosaur and subsequently left traces of intraspecific behavior between individual worms adds unique information to our understanding of Mesozoic trophic interactions.