bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercultural Competency for Petroleum Professionals
Authors: Lau Hon Chung 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
As petroleum projects becomes more international, there is more need for the petroleum professional to communicate across cultural boundaries. Intercultural competency on the part of the petroleum professional begins with an awareness of three types of cultures at work in the workplace: national, corporate and personal. Based on proven research in the field of cross-cultural communication, we propose using the Cultural Onion Model (Smith, 1992) to interpret these three cultures. This Model uses the analogy of an onion with four layers to represent the four layers of a culture. They are Behavior, Authority Structure, Experience and Core. Within a culture, the core contains the values and assumptions from which a culture develops. We then show how differences in core values concerning inequality, individualism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance can affect the other layers of a national culture. Next, we explore how differences in corporate core practices can affect the culture of different types of company. Finally, we explore the implications of difference in both national and corporate cultures on three work-related areas: communication, leadership and reward system. Methods that work well in one culture may not work well in another, hence the need for cultural adaption. Our model will help the petroleum professional to understand important aspects of national and corporate cultures to become more effective in working across cultural landscapes.
Overcoming Challenges to Reduce H2S Content in Sales Gas Transmission Pipelines
Authors: Allamaraju JagannathRao PrakashRao , Mukherje Rahul 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This paper presents a case study highlighting actual implementation of technology advancements for removal of H2S (slipped from upstream gas plants) from sales gas pipeline at remote locations.
GASCO’s pipeline network is designed for sour service (250 ppmv H2S). The guidelines for design of sour service pipelines as stated in ISO 15156 have been complied with. One of the pipelines which supplies sales gas to major power plants on a continuous basis is of 48" (of Consumer) and is designed for sweet service. This consumer is normally supplied sales gas by another gas Supplier A. GASCO is required to supply sales gas to power plants during the emergency requirement / outage scenario of regular gas supplier A. Indeed, slippage of H2S due to upsets in upstream plant facilities may cause several technical problems for instance, corrosion.
Therefore, initial study focused on defining the corrosion implications of operating the 48" Pipeline with GASCO gas supply with up to 250 ppmv H2S.The main corrosion threat to the Pipeline is the risk of sulphide stress corrosion cracking (SSC).
Study of the Gas Supplier A of Consumer Pipeline records indicates that the pipeline is not exposed to H2S partial pressure of 0.05 psi (a) as required by ISO 15156.
The online H2S trends were reviewed for GASCO sales gas to assess the actual time of exposure.
Starting 2014 to Target 48" Pipeline Integrity, Process Safety (PS), enhancement in HSE and performance monitoring, GASCO embarked on an ambitious Project installing state of the art H2S Scrubbers systems to mitigate H2S slippage into the pipeline.
FEED was conducted to select the optimum Technology for H2S removal.
The H2S removal technology selected was Non-Regenerative type, metal oxide based absorbent catalyst for removal of H2S from the sales gas. These catalysts have to be replaced after a fixed duration of service life estimated based on inlet H2S content and flow conditions.
Owing to the size of the pipeline and the H2S content in the gas, the selected process of Non Regenerative technology has distinct technical and economic advantages over conventional regenerative processes. By virtue of the selected lead lag arrangement, multiple (three) train options and high SIL rated H2S analyzers, the usage of the catalyst is optimized and the overall system reliability, availability, maintainability and integrity is ensured for continuous operation without affecting the existing facilities.
The process is unique and one of its kind on major pipeline within GASCO sales gas network.
Experimental Investigation of the Underlying Mechanism Behind Improved Oil Recovery by Low Salinity Water Injection in Carbonate Reservoir Rocks
Authors: Alhammadi Mohamed , Mahzari Pedram , Sohrabi Mehran 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
It has recently been reported that the additional oil recovery that may be obtained by low salinity water injection (LSWI) is due to an interaction between the crude oil and injected brine. This mechanism, which is linked to natural surface active components of crude oil, is referred to as micro-dispersion. Previous studies have demonstrated the link between formation of micro-dispersion and the additional oil recovery in sandstone rocks but the existence of such links for carbonate rocks has not been reported before. In this work, we have investigated whether a similar oil/brine interaction can take place in carbonate reservoir rocks and whether that could lead to additional oil recovery by LSWI in carbonates.
Using rock and oil samples from carbonate reservoirs, a number of crude oil samples were first tested and ranked based on their ability to form micro-dispersion when in contact with low salinity brine. Two samples were selected; one with high and the other with low propensity to form micro-dispersion. A third oil sample was then prepared by removing the micro-dispersions from the oil sample with high propensity to form micro-dispersion. Using these three oil samples, a number of coreflood experiments were performed on the same relatively large carbonate reservoir core 3.8 cm in diameter and 30cm long. Both secondary high salinity flood and tertiary low salinity flood were carried out in each case to determine whether the presence of micro-dispersion was associated with improved oil recovery for this carbonate system.
In secondary high salinity water injection, in experiments using the three oil samples, all coreflood tests showed the same ultimate oil recovery. However, when the flood water was switched to low salinity, the highest amount of additional oil recovery was obtained for the oil that had shown a high tendency to form micro-dispersion in the fluid/fluid tests. The coreflood experiment that was performed with the treated oil sample (the oil sample which had its micro-dispersions removed prior to coreflood test), exhibited no additional oil recovery. The third oil sample, with a low tendency, also showed little improved oil recovery. Moreover, the pH and ionic composition analysis of the core effluents was found to be the same in all three experiments. This important observation indicates that the geochemical interaction played little role in the observed improved oil recovery compared to the micro-dispersion mechanism.
The novel information obtained for carbonate reservoirs in this work helps us better understand the mechanisms involved in oil recovery by LSWI. This knowledge is important for developing screening tools for oil reservoirs that are being considered as potential candidates for EOR by LSWI.
Enhance the Run Life of Downhole ESP Equipment in Water Supply Wells
Authors: Mohamed El Sonbaty Tarek , Elmansour Ayman 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
More than 155 Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP) are installed in water supply wells in one of United Arab Emirates – Abu Dhabi Onshore area fields (ADCO). The water supply wells producing wells are characterized by low reservoir pressures, high production rates, low levels of H2S and toxic gas. The produced reservoir formations mainly consist of soft limestone and with variable porosity.
This paper will highlight the major techniques used to boost ESP system run life and enhance reliability in onshore application. These techniques are as follow: Equipment selection - Redesigning equipment to adapt to reservoir parameters and productionUpgrading of ESP equipment, accessories, seals and consumables to withstand reservoir pressure and fluid propertiesOperation Practice Developing guidelines to enhance operation practice and test equipment integrity in workshopWell condition –Monitor the well condition and advice field production and operation team to schedule the well for periodic clean out and stimulation to enhance the production
The above technical enhancements made were to improve ESP performance in scale forming and corrosive environments. The focus will be on case histories to discuss what was implemented and the methodologies that were used to overcome specific challenges encountered with the use of ESPs. The analyses will overview ESP failures from the period 2011 to 2016.
These proposed solutions helped the in improving overall ESP system run life and reliability from 459 days (year of 2013) to 878 run days (year of 2016). It also helped the in reducing the MTBF (Mean to before failure) from 581 days (year of 2013) to 1079 run days (year of 2016). Additionally it reduced the OPEX by 35%, ESP failures in ESP water supply wells from 35 failures (2013) to 18 failures (2016), well down time, and potential HSE risk related to well intervention and work overs.(fig 01) Figure 1No. of ESP failures in water supply wells
Achieving Succession Management through the Identification and Positioning of Organizational Leaders Using Leadership Effectiveness Evaluation Tools
Authors: Okomgboeso S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Objectives/Scope: The objective of this paper is to lay emphasis and sensitize organizations on the need to include leadership traits and skills assessment as a critical part of the recruitment process for the supervisors’ cadre; and to show that leadership traits and skills are important for people development, and succession management, using the result of a pilot study on leadership evaluation.
Methods, Procedures, Process: Through the application of quantitative and qualitative methods, leadership assessment of supervisors was obtained through their subordinates composed of trainees, local and expatriates employees of an organization in the UAE. A semi-structured survey questionnaires and interviews were administered on participants after obtaining the necessary approvals for the pilot study. The sample populations were made-up of 40 employees who were below the rank of team leaders. The questionnaires were designed both in English and Arabic Languages respectively. Questions to ascertain leadership behaviors were given to participants and the answers ranked on a Linkert scale of 1 to 5, where 1 and 5 represents extreme values of strongly disagree and strongly agree respectively. The questionnaires provided the quantitative data, while results from the interview provided the qualitative data. The composition of the participants included, technical, non-technical and human-resource department employees.
Results, Observation, Conclusion: The results revealed that leadership traits and skills are not regarded as part of main issues considered during recruitment processes and placement processes for supervisory positions. Recruitment processes for new entrants seem to focus more on technical competencies and less focus on leadership skills. There were those who possessed the leadership traits, and also those who lacked the traits needed to coach and develop future organizational leaders; especially, in an environment where societal culture has a huge influence on people. This paper recommends a continuous evaluation of effective leadership traits of supervisors at all levels in order to ensure that the right organizational habits are passed-on-to subordinates. Finally, this paper advocates for a detailed study to ascertain how leadership behaviors correlates with subordinates performances in an environment where social culture has a huge influence and how they can intermingle to enhance organizational efficiency.
Novel/Additive Information: The outcome of this paper will assist organizations especially those in the Gulf Region to develop the right tools for their recruitment processes. It will also assist them in developing an effective leadership trait assessment process which will enable them identify the right persons deserving leadership positions.
Optimization of Habshan-5 NGL Run-Down System
Authors: Muthukrishnan Murali 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In line with ADNOC’s principle of increased performance, efficiency and profitability and, GASCO focus is to optimize and improve the efficiency of the existing equipment and pipelines.
This is achieved by optimization of HABSHAN-5 NGL run-down system to achieve lower energy consumption and saving the investment of around 5 MMUSD.
Habshan 5 NGL shipping pumps 545-P-101 A/B/C/D have never been successfully commissioned despite several modifications and trials by the EPC contractor and pump OEM due to the inherent design problems. As a result, the pumps have been replaced with a similar new pump (designed with 8 impellers). However, and due to variable pressure at Bab manifold, it was proposed to provide pressure control valve by the CONTRACTOR at the run-down line.
It was studied and recommended to de-stage the pumps with 4 impellers (future: 6 impellers) from 6 impellers (future: 8 impellers) and utilizing the existing flow control valve to accommodate the excess head generated by the pump for various operating scenarios.
Integrated Surveillance in Cheleken Block Offshore Turkmenistan Using Automated Steady State and Transient Models
Authors: Espinoza Roberto , Mohan Uniyal Suraj , Marcelo Jaramillo Rivadeneira Ivan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This paper describes the workflow where wells and production network (15 platforms and 100 active wells located in the Cheleken Block offshore Turkmenistan) are automatically modeled daily in a steady state and transient tools to finally be analyzed in a web based surveillance system. Contributing in the daily well production surveillance, optimization and core field operational processes like flushing and pigging pipelines, dewaxing wells, etc.
The Cheleken Block Central Data Gathering System (CDGS) was fully integrated with steady state and transient models (wells and network). These models are updated and run automatically on daily basis from the CDGS.
The close monitoring of the frequent routing diversion of wells and flowlines, separators, flares, etc. was solved with the implementation of a workflow to automate the updating of these routing in the database and in the Field Network models, enabling proper rollup of production, feeding into the transient model and analyze results in a web based integrated surveillance tool.
The implemented tools and workflows improved production surveillance and analysis with the gained comprehensive insight into the operations through overall asset. Analysis and reporting of performance indicators including trends of actual production against plan, downtime analysis and other operational workflows in a reduced timeframe compared with conventional methods of analysis.
The implemented web based integrated surveillance tool provided a single way to integrate operations from a broad range of disciplines with cross domain workflows and integration with different software and systems. This integration, allowed to dramatically reduce the time of analysis of models results from weeks to hours. This was possible with the automation all manual tasks in a single environment.
This paper details the implementation of integrated field surveillance and modeling workflows which can be assessed on daily basis. This integration was implemented using open source concept allowing multiple engineering software and databases (from different vendors) to operate simultaneously
Pseudotransient Linear Flow in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Assiri Wisam J. , Ozkan Erdal 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Most unconventional reservoirs are characterized by an ultra-tight matrix and commercial production requires existence of a pervasive fracture network surrounding hydraulically fractured horizontal wells. Production behavior of fractured horizontal wells in these reservoirs is usually associated with natural-fracture dominated linear flow, which is diagnosed by a ½-slope straight line on log-log coordinates. This paper shows that additional pseudotransient linear flow regimes are possible at late-intermediate times with the same conventional diagnostic features of linear flow. These flow regimes correspond to the physical conditions (i) where the flow in the matrix is pseudosteady while the natural fractures have transient flow or (ii) where the natural fractures experience boundary dominated flow concurrent with transient flow in the matrix. An analytical solution is provided with a suite of tools to analyze transient and pseudotransient linear flows. The solution is based on the trilinear model with a stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) idealized by the transient, dual-porosity slab assumption. The model is a proxy for some tight-oil plays, such as the Eagle Ford, Bakken, and Niobrara, where thin layers of fractured carbonates providing the flow capacity are interbedded by layers of tight shale or marl, which act as the storage medium. Asymptotic solutions are derived for linear and bilinear flow regimes and conditions for their existence and start and end times are provided. Simulated examples indicate that confusing pseudotransient linear flow with the conventional linear flow creates up to three orders of magnitude differences in the estimates of permeability, fracture half-lengths, or the size of the SRV. Application of the analysis is also demonstrated on real data from an unconventional well.
A Proven Multidisciplinary Approach in Combating Water Flow Potential While Drilling the Asmari Formation in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi
Authors: Khan F. A. , Alhanash M. , Walters G. , Elenbaas M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Water influx from a shallow sandstone formation caused problems in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi. Four wells were drilled in one field and have consistently recorded water flow issues causing Non-Productive Time. This paper looks into the problems recorded in the Drilling Reports and End of Well Reports and provides a technical proposal to combat the problems.
The Asmari Formation is encountered in the 26" hole section and is normally cased off with 20" casing. The water influx problems which were in some instances combined with losses not only hampered the drilling operations but also resulted in poor cement jobs requiring remedial actions and challenging well abandonment.
The main objectives are; Drill the 26" hole section through the Asmari Formation and cement the 20" casing to surface with no water influx and no mud lossesCementing the 20" casing to surface and eliminate remedial cement jobs
The approach described in this paper to achieve the above mentioned objectives was derived from three technical drilling disciplines, Drilling Fluids System, Cement Slurry Design and Operational Practices.
The proposed approach was successfully applied to the recent well drilled in the field in 2016/2017. This is illustrated in the case study at the end of this paper which clearly shows that the objectives were fully met.
The Impact of Smart Completions on Optimal Well Trajectories
Authors: Maas T. R. , Bouts M. N. , Joosten G. J. , Jansen J. D. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
When new wells are planned, typically the same trajectory is used for assessing the effectiveness of conventional wells and wells with smart completions. This study demonstrates that the economically optimized trajectory for smart and conventional wells can be very different. Two new well trajectory optimization algorithms were developed using Stochastic Pattern Search (SPS) principles. In both algorithms, random perturbations are made starting from an initial well trajectory, which are sent to a reservoir simulator. Thereafter the perturbation with the highest Net Present Value (NPV) is selected. New perturbations of the selected well trajectory are made and simulated to, again, select the highest NPV. This process is repeated until a certain stopping criterion is met. The two methods differ in the selection of the perturbations used to initiate the new iteration and have a slightly different computational performance. To demonstrate the difference between the optimal well trajectory of a well with a conventional and a smart completion, both the SPS1 and SPS2 method were evaluated using a realistic, but slightly simplified reservoir model. Both methods were able to optimize the trajectory for both conventional and smart completions. The SPS1 method quickly converged to a local optimum, whilst the SPS2 method was able to determine a trajectory with a significantly higher NPV for both the conventional and smart wells. Moreover, the optimal well trajectory with the smart completion, as found by the SPS2 algorithm, had an NPV that was 40% higher than the smart well with the trajectory which was optimal for the conventional completion. Following the above, it can be concluded that when smart completions are assessed, well trajectory (re)optimization can have a very significant value impact and may be crucial in evaluating the full potential of the completion. Furthermore, it was shown that, for the investigated case, the SPS2 procedure is a good method for well trajectory optimization in a three-dimensional reservoir and, although more testing is needed, it is believed that it has potential to work with any type of completion.