bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological investigation of grass seed foreign body‐related disease in dogs of the Riverina District of rural Australia
Authors: Hicks A , Golland D , Heller J , Malik R , Combs M 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo characterise disease presentations caused by grass seed foreign body‐related disease (GSFBD) in dogs, identify predisposing risk factors and suggest effective prevention strategies.MethodsA retrospective, case–control, telephone survey was conducted to obtain information on GSFBD in dogs from the Riverina district of New South Wales (NSW). Additionally, retrospective case records were obtained from Wagga Wagga Veterinary Hospital and Charles Sturt University Veterinary Teaching Hospital over the period July 2006 to October 2011. Signalment, history, investigative strategies, location and severity of lesion(s), cost of therapy, length of hospitalisation, recurrence rate and microbiology data were recorded.ResultsCases (473 dogs) meeting stringent inclusion criteria were identified. GSFBD comprised 2.0% of hospital presentations. Breeds with high‐density coats were overrepresented. Otitis externa was the most common manifestation of GSFBD in the general practice (47%). In the referral practice pyothorax was the most common entity (34%). In both practices the range of clinical manifestations was broad, including a small number of dogs with catastrophic intracranial disease. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses demonstrated dogs with GSFBD had 3‐fold greater odds of having medium coats than short coats and 5‐fold less odds of being groomed.Conclusions and clinical relevanceGrass seeds are a major cause of disease in the dogs of south‐west rural NSW, with presentations ranging from mild lameness to severe neurological disease. Some protection from GSFBD was achieved with frequent grooming. Clipping or coat searching without grooming was ineffective as a prevention strategy.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: from the bench to bedside for an updated therapy
Authors: Aricò Maurizio 
Published: February 2016

SummaryLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease, affecting subjects of any age, with extremely variable clinical manifestations. Although most patients with LCH have localized disease, requiring local or even no therapy, those patients with disseminated, ‘multi‐system’ disease require specific therapy because they may be at risk for morbidity or even mortality. The current standard of care has developed empirically, based mainly on the experience of treating children with leukaemia and other haemo‐proliferative disorders. At the time of writing, the combined use of vinblastine and prednisone remains the standard of care for children with multi‐system LCH. The combination of cytarabine and cladribine is the current standard for second‐line therapy of refractory cases with vital organ dysfunction. Recent advances in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of LCH may support a change in treatment strategy. Evidence of mutations that aberrantly activate RAF/MEK/ERK signalling in over two thirds of patients with LCH may direct a target therapy strategy. Vemurafenib, a small molecule widely used in the treatment of melanoma, is the main candidate for testing in prospective trials for patients with evidence of BRAFV600E mutation on lesional tissue. Additional molecules, including the recently approved trametinib, could follow. Identification of mutations in other genes in the remaining multisystem LCH cases could contribute to define a scenario in which target therapy becomes the main therapeutic choice in this intriguing disorder. However, because the long‐term risks and benefits of these agents in children are unknown, and other effective treatments exist for many LCH patients, the optimal indications for administering a tyrosine kinase inhibitor to children is an open question.
A national study on conditional survival, excess mortality and second cancer after high dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Smeland Knut B. , Kiserud Cecilie E. , Lauritzsen Grete F. , Blystad Anne K. , Fagerli Unn‐Merete , Falk Ragnhild S. , Fluge Øystein , Fosså Alexander , Kolstad Arne , Loge Jon H. , Maisenhölder Martin , Østenstad Bjørn , Kvaløy Stein , Holte Harald 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis national population‐based study aimed to investigate conditional survival and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) after high‐dose therapy with autologous stem‐cell transplantation (HDT‐ASCT) for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and to analyse cause of death, relapses and second malignancies. All patients ≥18 years treated with HDT‐ASCT for NHL in Norway between 1987 and 2008 were included (n = 578). Information from the Cause of Death Registry and Cancer Registry of Norway were linked with clinical data. The 5‐, 10‐ and 20‐year overall survival was 61% (95% confidence interval [CI] 56–64%), 52% (95%CI 48–56%) and 45% (95%CI 40–50%), respectively. The 5‐year survival conditional on having survived 2, 5 and 10 years after HDT‐ASCT was 81%, 86% and 93%. SMRs were 12·3 (95%CI 11·0–13·9), 4·9 (95%CI 4·1–5·9), 2·4 (95%CI 1·8–3·2) and 1·0 (95%CI 0·6–1·8) for the entire cohort and for patients having survived 2, 5 and 10 years after HDT‐ASCT respectively. Of the 281 deaths observed, 77% were relapse‐related. Treatment‐related mortality was 3·6%. The 10‐year cumulative incidence of second malignancies was 7·9% and standardized incidence ratio was 2·0 (95%CI 1·5–2·6). NHL patients treated with HDT‐ASCT were at increased risk of second cancer and premature death. The mortality was still elevated at 5 years, but after 10 years mortality equalled that of the general population.
Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL): outcomes from a national SWL database in New Zealand
Authors: Alexander Cameron E. , Gowland Stuart , Cadwallader Jon , Reynard John M. , Turney Benjamin W. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo present the national outcomes for New Zealand of over 9 000 stone cases treated with SWL at 21 centres over a 20 year period.Subjects/patients and methodsStone cases treated with SWL on board the Mobile Medical Technology (MMT) vehicle between 19 June 1995 and 1 December 2014 were identified, and data collection undertaken prospectively for patient, stone and treatment characteristics, and retrospectively for treatment outcomes. The primary outcome was treatment success, defined as complete stone clearance or clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRFs) of ≤4mm. Secondary outcomes were stone free rate, complications and auxiliary procedures, and all statistical analyses were descriptive.Results9 538 stone cases (7 769 patients) were included. The overall, cumulative success rate was 58.7%; this included 45.1% that were stone free and 13.5% in which there were CIRFs ≤4mm. Success rates varied widely by stone size and location. Overall rates of urinary tract infection, perinephric haematoma, hospital admission and ureteral stent placement were 1.1%, 0.2%, 6.8% and 4.1%, respectively. Variations in SWL protocols across centres limits the overall reliability of our findings.ConclusionSWL remains a low morbidity management option requiring careful patient selection. This study provides valuable data for patient counseling and the formation of evidence based guidelines in SWL. The MMT SWL service has demonstrated that is it possible to deliver a high volume specialist stone service without requiring patients to travel further for treatment.
Mid‐term outcomes after AdVanceXP male sling implantation
Authors: Kretschmer Alexander , Grabbert Markus , Sommer Anne , Stief Christian G. , Bauer Ricarda M. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo describe efficacy and safety of the AdVanceXP (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) retrourethral transobturator male sling after a mean follow‐up of almost 3 years.Patients and MethodsA total of 41 patients underwent AdVanceXP implantation between July 2010 and March 2012 by a single surgeon. Patients were prospectively evaluated at baseline, after a mean follow‐up of 12months and after an individual maximum follow‐up. Efficacy was evaluated by daily pad usage, 24‐h pad testing, and validated questionnaires (International Consultation on Incontinence questionnaire [ICIQ]). Patient satisfaction was determined using the Patient's Global Impression of Improvement score; quality of life was evaluated using the International Quality of Life (IQOL) score. Patients needing 0 or 1 safety pad with a daily urine loss <8 g were classified as cured. To assess the changes in outcome over time, a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used. A P value <0.05 was taken to indicate statistical significance.ResultsThe mean ± sd follow‐up was 33.1 ± 8.1 months. A total of four patients (9.8%) were lost to follow‐up. At follow‐up, 56.1% of patients used 0 or 1 dry safety pad, 17.1% used 1 pad, and 17.1% used 2 pads. Mean pad use was 0.6 pads per day (P < 0.001 vs baseline) with a mean urine loss of 14 g per day. After nearly 3 years, 46.3% of the patients could be classified as cured and 29.3% could be classified as improved. When comparing respective outcomes after 1 and 3 years, no significant changes in mean daily pad use (0.8 at 1 year; P = 1.000), in ICIQ score (5.0 at 3 years vs 5.2 at 1 year; P = 0.500), or in IQOL score (89.2 at 3 years vs 86.8 at 1 year; P = 0.500) were observed. Patients lost less urine based on 24‐h pad testing after nearly 3 years (14 g at 3 years vs 28 g at 1 year; P = 0.106). Subgroup analyses showed no significant differences in efficacy in patients who had previously received radiotherapy or in patients with mild preoperative incontinence. Between 1 and 3 years postoperatively, no complications were detected.ConclusionsThe present study had the longest follow‐up for AdVanceXP to date and is the first to show a high efficacy even after a mean follow‐up of almost 3 years. The results indicate that late‐onset complications are rare after AdVanceXP implantation.
Association between periodontitis and salivary 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine among Korean rural adults
Authors: Shin Myung‐Seop , Shin Hye‐Sun , Ahn Yoo‐Been , Kim Hyun‐Duck 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the association between salivary 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) and periodontitis among community‐dwelling Korean adults.MethodsA total of 211 adults (80 men and 131 women) were cross‐sectionally surveyed from the Sunchang Longevity Cohort. Periodontitis was defined as having at least 30% of teeth with proximal attachment loss ≥5 mm. The salivary 8‐OHdG level was categorized into tertiles: low (<0.916 ng/ml), medium (0.916 to <2.675 ng/ml) and high (≥2.675 ng/ml). Sociodemographic, habitual and systemic health‐related factors were controlled for. Logistic regression analysis was performed for the outcome of severe periodontitis. Analysis of covariance in general linear model was performed for the outcome of 8‐OHdG.ResultsThe high 8‐OHdG level showed a significant association with periodontitis. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 2.40 (1.05–5.51), and it was highlighted by adding the interaction term with drinking and smoking. The adjusted mean log‐transformed value of 8‐OHdG was significantly higher in the severe periodontitis group (1.40 ng/ml) than in the control group (1.02 ng/ml) (ancova, P = 0.028).Conclusions8‐OHdG was associated with periodontitis. Thus, salivary 8‐OHdG could be a useful marker for periodontitis.
Oxidized limonene and oxidized linalool – concomitant contact allergy to common fragrance terpenes
Authors: Bråred Christensson Johanna , Karlberg Ann‐Therese , Andersen Klaus E. , Bruze Magnus , Johansen Jeanne D. , Garcia‐Bravo Begoña , Giménez Arnau Ana , Goh Chee‐Leok , Nixon Rosemary , White Ian R. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackgroundLimonene and linalool are common fragrance terpenes. Both oxidized R‐limonene and oxidized linalool have recently been patch tested in an international setting, showing contact allergy in 5.2% and 6.9% of dermatitis patients, respectively.ObjectiveTo investigate concomitant reactions between oxidized R‐limonene and oxidized linalool in consecutive dermatitis patients.MethodsOxidized R‐limonene 3.0% (containing limonene hydroperoxides 0.33%) and oxidized linalool 6% (linalool hydroperoxides 1%) in petrolatum were tested in 2900 consecutive dermatitis patients in Australia, Denmark, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.ResultsA total of 281 patients reacted to either oxidized R‐limonene or oxidized linalool. Of these, 25% had concomitant reactions to both compounds, whereas 29% reacted only to oxidized R‐limonene and 46% only to oxidized linalool. Of the 152 patients reacting to oxidized R‐limonene, 46% reacted to oxidized linalool, whereas 35% of the 200 patients reacting to oxidized linalool also reacted to oxidized R‐limonene.ConclusionsThe majority of the patients (75%) reacted to only one of the oxidation mixtures, thus supporting the specificity of the reactions. The concomitant reactions to the two fragrance allergens suggest multiple sensitizations, which most likely reflect the exposure to the different fragrance materials in various types of consumer products. This is in accordance with what is generally seen for patch test reactions to fragrance materials.
The Power of 2: How an Apparently Irregular Numeration System Facilitates Mental Arithmetic
Authors: Bender Andrea , Beller Sieghard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMangarevan traditionally contained two numeration systems: a general one, which was highly regular, decimal, and extraordinarily extensive; and a specific one, which was restricted to specific objects, based on diverging counting units, and interspersed with binary steps. While most of these characteristics are shared by numeration systems in related languages in Oceania, the binary steps are unique. To account for these characteristics, this article draws on—and tries to integrate—insights from anthropology, archeology, linguistics, psychology, and cognitive science more generally. The analysis of mental arithmetic with these systems reveals that both types of systems entailed cognitive advantages and served important functions in the cultural context of their application. How these findings speak to more general questions revolving around the theoretical models and evolutionary trajectory of numerical cognition will be discussed in the .
A randomized, prospective comparison of transition to sirolimus‐based CNI‐minimization or withdrawal in African American kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Fleming James N. , Taber David J. , Pilch Nicole A. , McGillicuddy John W. , Srinivas Titte R. , Baliga Prabhakar K. , Chavin Kenneth D. , Bratton Charles F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of conclusive evidence to suggest if calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawal or minimization with sirolimus is the best strategy for African Americans.MethodsThis was a randomized, prospective, open‐label, pilot study comparing the two mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) transition strategies in adult African Americans between six and 24 wk post‐transplant. The primary outcome was a comparison of the eGFR at one yr after conversion.ResultsForty patients were randomized and analyzed in an intent‐to‐treat fashion. Median day of transition was day 96 (withdrawal) and 68 (minimization). Patients in the CNI‐withdrawal group (n = 23) had significantly higher eGFR at one yr compared to the CNI‐minimization group (n = 17, 73 vs. 56 mL/min, p = 0.03), as well as a significantly larger increase in eGFR from baseline (12 vs. 5 mL/min, p = 0.03). There were no differences in infections, acute rejection, death, or graft loss. Both regimens were constrained by disproportionately high discontinuation rates despite modest toxicity profiles.ConclusionIn spite of considerable withdrawal rate across both study arms, African American kidney transplant recipients who underwent early transition to a sirolimus‐based CNI‐withdrawal regimen had significantly better graft function at one yr compared to those transitioned to a sirolimus‐based CNI‐minimization regimen. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01005706.
Sodium bicarbonate infusion in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation: a single center randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Weinberg Laurence , Broad Jeremy , Pillai Param , Chen Guangjun , Nguyen Micheline , Eastwood Glenn M. , Scurrah Nick , Nikfarjam Mehrdad , Story David , McNicol Larry , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundLiver transplantation‐associated acute kidney injury (AKI) carries significant morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that sodium bicarbonate would reduce the incidence and/or severity of liver transplantation‐associated AKI.MethodsIn this double‐blinded pilot RCT, adult patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation were randomized to an infusion of either 8.4% sodium bicarbonate (0.5 mEq/kg/h for the first hour; 0.15 mEq/kg/h until completion of surgery); (n = 30) or 0.9% sodium chloride (n = 30). Primary outcome: AKI within the first 48 h post‐operatively.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two treatment groups with regard to baseline characteristics, model for end‐stage liver disease and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores, and pre‐transplantation renal function. Intra‐operative factors were similar for duration of surgery, blood product requirements, crystalloid and colloid volumes infused and requirements for vasoactive therapy. Eleven patients (37%) in the bicarbonate group and 10 patients (33%) in the sodium chloride group developed a post‐operative AKI (p = 0.79). Bicarbonate infusion attenuated the degree of immediate post‐operative metabolic acidosis; however, this effect dissipated by 48 h. There were no significant differences in ventilation hours, ICU or hospital length of stay, or mortality.ConclusionsThe intra‐operative infusion of sodium bicarbonate did not decrease the incidence of AKI in patients following orthotopic liver transplantation.
A2 incompatible kidney transplantation does not adversely affect graft or patient survival
Authors: Forbes Rachel C. , Feurer Irene D. , Shaffer David 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe new United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) kidney allocation system (KAS) incorporates A2 and A2B to B transplantation to reduce wait times for blood group B candidates. Few studies have employed multicenter data or comprehensively defined donor‐to‐recipient ABO classification systems.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed UNOS data from 1987–2013 to evaluate the effect of A2 incompatible (A2i) kidney transplantation on graft and patient survival. Records of 314 056 adults (340 150 transplants) were classified as A2i (560 transplants in A2 to B or O, A2B to B) or compatible. Methods included Kaplan–Meier survival and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsGraft survival after A2i transplant (median = 116 months) did not differ (log‐rank p ≥ 0.101) from any compatible class (medians = 106–119 months); there was no effect of A2i on patient survival (log‐rank p ≥ 0.286). After adjusting for age, race, donor type, pancreas, or previous kidney transplant, A2i was not associated with graft (p ≥ 0.263) or patient (p ≥ 0.060) survival in this largest cohort to date.ConclusionsA2i kidney transplantation does not adversely affect graft or patient survival. A2i kidney transplantation has been included in the new KAS and represents a viable option for transplant centers to increase transplant volume and reduce wait times for disadvantaged B waitlist recipients.
Paediatric brainstem encephalitis associated with glial and neuronal autoantibodies
Authors: Hacohen Yael , Nishimoto Yukihiro , Fukami Yuki , Lang Bethan , Waters Patrick , Lim Ming J , Yuki Nobuhiro , Vincent Angela 
Published: February 2016

AimCentral nervous system (CNS) autoantibodies have been reported in a range of neuroimmune diseases, but there has not been a systematic evaluation of autoantibodies in paediatric patients with brainstem encephalitis.MethodSerum samples from 57 children (40 male, 17 female, median age 12y, range 0.6–18y) with a diagnosis of brainstem encephalitis were tested retrospectively for antibodies to GQ1b, aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor, LGI1, CASPR2, glycine receptor (GlyR), DPPX, and the voltage gated potassium channel (VGKC)‐complex.ResultsDisease localized to the brainstem was seen in 19 patients: Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (n=14) and clinically isolated syndrome (n=5). Polyfocal presentation was seen in 38 children, with predominantly white matter disease in 18 patients and grey matter in 20 patients. CNS surface antibodies were found in 22/57 patients (two patients with double positivity): GQIb (n=6), NMDAR (n=7), GlyR (n=5), MOG (n=5), and one AQP4. Three patients were positive for VGKC‐complex antibodies. All patients were negative for antibodies to DPPX and the VGKC‐complex antigens LGI1, CASPR2, and contactin‐2. Although there were some partial differences in the presentations, the clinical features and outcomes did not relate clearly to the presence or absence of specific antibodies.InterpretationAs determined retrospectively, 39% of patients had cell surface antibodies. The results did not suggest any relationship with treatment or outcomes obtained but it is possible that specific antibody detection could be a helpful guide to more intensive immunotherapies in some cases.
Association of serum amyloid A and oxidative stress with paraoxonase 1 in sarcoidosis patients
Authors: Ivanišević Jasmina , Kotur‐Stevuljević Jelena , Stefanović Aleksandra , Spasić Slavica , Vučinić Mihailović Violeta , Videnović Ivanov Jelica , Jelić‐Ivanović Zorana 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundIt has been reported that high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) particles have anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant roles thanks to different enzymes such as paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Under inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions, HDL particles may lose their protective properties. Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by excessive oxidative stress. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is produced in liver and in granulomas, and its concentration increases in inflammatory conditions contributing to increased catabolism of HDL particles. The aim of our study was to determine PON1 activity, SAA concentration and their associations in patients with sarcoidosis.Materials and methodsInflammatory [high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), SAA], lipid [total cholesterol (TC), HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐c), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c), triglycerides (TG)] oxidative stress status parameters [total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), pro‐oxidant–antioxidant balance (PAB), sulfhydryl (SH) groups] and PON1 activities were determined in serum of 72 patients with sarcoidosis and 62 healthy subjects.ResultsHsCRP (P < 0·05), TC, LDL‐c, TG, SAA, TOS, MDA and PAB (P < 0·001) were significantly higher, whereas HDL‐c, SH groups and PON1 activity (P < 0·001) were significantly lower in patients with sarcoidosis when compared with controls. PON1 showed significant association with SAA, MDA and PAB. It was shown that 71% of decrease in PON1 activity may be explained by increase in TOS, PAB and SAA concentration.ConclusionsWe found decreased PON1 activity and increased SAA concentration in patients with sarcoidosis. Inflammatory condition presented by high SAA was implicated in impaired HDL functionality evident through dysregulated PON1 activity. Excessive oxidative stress was also involved in dysregulation of PON1 activity.