bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance thermometry of flowing blood
Authors: Heyn Chinthaka C. , Bishop Jonathan , Duffin Kyle , Lee Wayne , Dazai Jun , Spring Shoshana , Nieman Brian J. , Sled John G. 
Published: July 2017

Blood temperature is a key determinant of tissue temperature and can be altered under normal physiological states, such as exercise, in diseases such as stroke or iatrogenically in therapies which modulate tissue temperature, such as therapeutic hypothermia. Currently available methods for the measurement of arterial and venous temperatures are invasive and, for small animal models, are impractical. Here, we present a methodology for the measurement of intravascular and tissue temperature by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the lanthanide agent TmDOTMA− (DOTMA, tetramethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid; Tm, thulium). The approach makes use of phase‐sensitive imaging measurements, combined with spectrally selective excitation, to monitor the temperature‐dependent shift in the resonance of proton nuclei associated with water and with methyl groups of TmDOTMA−. Measurements were first made in a flow phantom modelling diastolic blood flow in the mouse aorta or inferior vena cava (IVC) and imaged using 7‐T preclinical MRI with a custom‐built surface coil. Flowing and static fluid temperatures agreed to within 0.12°C for these experiments. Proof‐of‐concept experiments were also performed on three healthy adult mice, demonstrating temperature measurements in the aorta, IVC and kidney following a bolus injection of contrast agent. A small (0.7–1°C), but statistically significant, higher kidney temperature compared with the aorta (p = 0.002–0.007) and IVC (p = 0.003–0.03) was shown in all animals. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of the technique for in vivo applications and illustrate how the technique could be used to explore the relationship between blood and tissue temperature for a wide range of applications.
Selective Recognition of Fluoride by using a Benzobisimidazolium Derivative through Aggregation‐Induced Fluorescence
Authors: Lee Dayoung , Lee Chiho , Jun Eun Jin , Lee Minji , Park Sungnam , Yoon Juyoung 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA new benzobisimidazolium derivative (1) bearing four naphthalene moieties was synthesized and demonstrated as an F− ion‐selective fluorescent chemosensor. The fluorescence of 1 in acetonitrile (CH3CN) is significantly stronger with F− and acetate (CH3CO2−), but not with other anions (Cl−, Br−, I−, HSO4−, and H2PO4−). The fluorescence of 1 is enhanced selectively with F− in the presence of a small amount of water. Our DFT calculations indicate that the electrostatic interactions between the positively charged benzobisimidazolium moieties and F− play an important role in the formation of stable aggregates. The formation of stable aggregates of 1 with F− in CH3CN is a key step for the selective sensing of F−, and the fluorescence of the aggregates is further enhanced in a mixture of 95 % CH3CN and 5 % water, which can be attributed to the aggregation‐induced emission.
Ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of five‐ to eight‐membered cyclic olefins: Computational, thermodynamic, and experimental approach
Authors: Hlil Antsar R. , Balogh Janos , Moncho Salvador , Su Haw‐Lih , Tuba Robert , Brothers Edward N. , Al‐Hashimi Mohammed , Bazzi Hassan S. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTRing opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of a series of low‐strain cyclic olefins and their hydroxyl derivatives using second generation Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst has been investigated. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to evaluate the ring strain energies of the cyclic olefins and their hydroxyl derivatives, coupled with kinetic studies for the ROMP reactions. It was found that among different ring size monomers, Cy8 having a relatively moderate ring strain energy in comparison with the other cyclic olefins, exhibited the highest monomer conversion. The effect of temperature (0, 10, 15, and 25 °C) and monomer concentration (1 M; 2.5 M and 5 M for Cy5; and 1 M and 5 M for Cy7) for the cyclic olefins Cy5 and Cy7 were investigated. In general, the experimental results for the kinetic ROMP studies obtained using complex HG2 correlate really well with the DFT calculations determined for the ring strain energies of the cyclic olefins. For comparison, DFT calculations predicted the following trend for the ring strain energies Cy8 > Cy5 > Cy7 > Cy6, and the polymerizations carried out experimentally followed the same trend in terms of monomer conversion, with the exception of Cy5 and Cy7 at lower concentrations, which followed this trend Cy8 > Cy7 > Cy5 > Cy6. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3137–3145
Ambipolar charge transport in a donor–acceptor–donor‐type conjugated block copolymer and its gate‐voltage‐controlled thin film transistor memory
Authors: Lee Ji Hyung , Lee Dae Hee , Kim Hyung Jong , Choi Suna , Park Gi Eun , Cho Min Ju , Choi Dong Hoon 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate a fully conjugated donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) triblock copolymer, PBDTT–PNDIBT–PBDTT, which contains PBDTT as the donor block and PNDIBT as the acceptor block. The polymer was synthesized by end‐capping each block with a reactive unit, followed by condensation copolymerization between the two blocks. The physical, optical, and electrochemical properties of the polymer were investigated by comparing those of donor‐ and acceptor‐homopolymers (i.e., PBDTT and PNDIBT), which are the oligomeric monomers, and their blends. On using the newly synthesized block copolymer, ambipolar charge transport behavior was observed in the corresponding thin‐film transistor, and the behavior was compared to that of blend film of donor‐ and acceptor‐homopolymers. Owing to the presence of donor and acceptor blocks in a single polymer chain, it was found that the triblock copolymer can store two‐level information; the ability to store this information is one of the most intriguing challenges in memory applications. In this study, we confirmed the potential of the triblock copolymer in achieving distinct two‐stage data storage by utilizing the ambipolar charge trapping phenomenon, which is expected in donor and acceptor containing random and block copolymers in a thin‐film transistor. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3223–3235
Synthesis and properties of novel soluble poly(amide‐imide)s with different pendant substituents
Authors: Li Wenze , Qian Xinyu , Shi Haibiao , Zhou Weiyi , Cai Yuting , Liu Yu , Shen Kunzhi 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTTwo types of novel fluorinated diimide‐diacid monomers—[2,2′‐(4,4′‐(3′‐methylbiphenyl‐2,5‐diyl)bis(oxy)bis(3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐4,1‐phenylene))bis(1,3‐dioxoisoindoline‐5‐carboxylic acid)] (III) and [2,2′‐(4,4′‐(3′‐(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl‐2,5‐diyl)bis(oxy)bis(3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐4,1‐phenylene))bis(1,3‐dioxoisoindoline‐5‐carboxylic acid)] (IV)—were respectively designed and prepared by the condensation of diamines I and II with two molar equivalents of trimellitic anhydride. From both diimide‐diacids, two series of novel poly(amide‐imide)s (PAIs) (IIIa–IIIe and IVa–IVe) bearing different pendant groups were prepared by direct polymerization with various aromatic diamines (a–e). All the PAIs had a high glass transition temperatures (Tgs, 232–265 °C), excellent thermal stability (exhibiting only 5% weight loss at 493–542 °C under nitrogen) and good solubility in various organic solvents due to the introduction of the bulky pendant groups. The cast films of these PAIs (80–90 μm) had good optical transparency (73–81% at 450 nm, 85–88% at 550 nm and 87–89% at 800 nm) and low dielectric constants (2.65–2.98 at 1 MHz). The spin‐coated films of these PAIs presented a minimum birefringence value as low as 0.0077–0.0143 at 650 nm and low optical absorption at the near‐infrared optical communication wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3243–3252
The structure of RbmB fromStreptomyces ribosidificus, an aminotransferase involved in the biosynthesis of ribostamycin
Authors: Zachman‐Brockmeyer Trevor R. , Thoden James B. , Holden Hazel M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAminoglycoside antibiotics represent a classical group of antimicrobials first discovered in the 1940s. Due to their ototoxic and nephrotoxic side effects, they are typically only used against Gram negative bacteria which have become resistant to other therapeutics. One family of aminoglycosides includes such compounds as butirosin, ribostamycin, neomycin, and kanamycin, amongst others. The common theme in these antibiotics is that they are constructed around a chemically stable aminocyclitol unit referred to as 2‐deoxystreptamine (2‐DOS). Four enzymes are required for thein vivoproduction of 2‐DOS. Here, we report the structure of RbmB fromStreptomyces ribosidificus, which is a pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate dependent enzyme that catalyzes two of the required steps in 2‐DOS formation by functioning on distinct substrates. For this analysis, the structure of the external aldimine form of RbmB with 2‐DOS was determined to 2.1 Å resolution. In addition, the structure of a similar enzyme, BtrR fromBacillus circulans, was also determined to 2.1 Å resolution in the same external aldimine form. These two structures represent the first detailed molecular descriptions of the active sites for those aminotransferases involved in 2‐DOS production. Given the fact that the 2‐DOS unit is widespread amongst aminoglycoside antibiotics, the data presented herein provide new molecular insight into the biosynthesis of these sugar‐based drugs.
Diabatic investigation for the NaRb molecule
Authors: Chaieb Maha , Habli Héla , Mejrissi Leila , Al‐Ghamdi Attieh A , Oujia Brahim , Gadéa Florent Xavier 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn extensive diabatic investigation of the NaRb species has been carried out for all excited states up to the ionic limit Na‐Rb+. An ab initio calculation founded on the pseudopotential, core polarization potential operators and full configuration interaction has been used with an efficient diabatization method involving a combination of variational effective hamiltonian theory and an effective overlap matrix. Diabatic potential energy curves and electric dipole moments (permanent and transition) for all the symmetries Σ+, Π, and Δ have been studied for the first time. Thanks to a unitary rotation matrix, the examination of the diabatic permanent dipole moment (PDM) has shown the ionic feature clearly seen in the diabatic 1Σ+ potential curves and confirming the high imprint of the Na‐Rb+ ionic state in the adiabatic representation. Diabatic transition dipole moments have also been computed. Real crossings have been shown for the diabatic PDM, locating the avoided crossings between the corresponding adiabatic energy curves.
Modelling, validating, and ranking of secure service compositions
Authors: Brucker Achim D. , Zhou Bo , Malmignati Francesco , Shi Qi , Merabti Madjid 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIn the world of large‐scale applications, software as a service (SaaS) in general and use of microservices, in particular, is bringing service‐oriented architectures to a new level: Systems in general and systems that interact with human users (eg, sociotechnical systems) in particular are built by composing microservices that are developed independently and operated by different parties. At the same time, SaaS applications are used more and more widely by enterprises as well as public services for providing critical services, including those processing security or privacy of relevant data. Therefore, providing secure and reliable service compositions is increasingly needed to ensure the success of SaaS solutions. Building such service compositions securely is still an unsolved problem.In this paper, we present a framework for modelling, validating, and ranking secure service compositions that integrate both automated services as well as services that interact with humans. As a unique feature, our approach for ranking services integrates validated properties (eg, based on the result of formally analysing the source code of a service implementation) as well as contractual properties that are part of the service level agreement and, thus, not necessarily ensured on a technical level.
Snow redistribution for the hydrological modeling of alpine catchments
Authors: Freudiger Daphné , Kohn Irene , Seibert Jan , Stahl Kerstin , Weiler Markus 
Published: July 2017

Modeling snow redistribution by wind and avalanches in hydrological studies in alpine catchments is important, as the spatial variability of the snow cover has an impact on timing and magnitude of the snowmelt runoff. Disregarding snow redistribution in models can lead to the formation of ‘snow towers,’ i.e., multi‐year accumulation of snow at high elevations and an incorrect water balance. The reviewed approaches to deal with snow redistribution in hydrological models were first broadly grouped by the represented physical processes: (1) the correction of the precipitation input data to account mainly for preferential deposition, (2) the description of all wind‐driven processes based on wind field data, (3) the description of gravitational transports and/or wind‐driven processes based on topographic information, and (4) the statistical description of the variability of the snow water equivalent (SWE) to account for all types of snow redistribution. The review further assessed the implementation of these approaches in physically based and bucket‐type hydrological models. Generally, snow redistribution consideration has improved the simulation of snow patterns and SWE and consequently the prediction of discharge in mountain catchments worldwide. Snow redistribution approaches still have some limitations and a large gap exists between the knowledge and processes in highly detailed physically based snow models and the widely used bucket‐type hydrological models used for water resources and climate change studies. There is a real need to bridge this gap using the knowledge earned by snow redistribution modeling with established physically based models to develop more conceptual approaches for the application in bucket‐type models. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1232. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1232This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Methods
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Invasive alien trees reduce bird species richness and abundance of mutualistic frugivores and nectarivores; a bird's eye view on a conflict of interest species in riparian habitats
Authors: Mangachena Joy Rumbidzai , Geerts Sjirk 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInvasive alien plants have major ecological effects, in particular in riparian habitats. While effects of alien tree invasions on riparian plants are well studied, effects on animals are less well understood. Invasive alien trees can have a positive effect by adding habitat and food sources, or have a negative effect, by replacing native food plants. Here we use birds as indicators to determine the impacts of an invasive Eucalyptus tree species in riparian areas of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa. Birds are an ideal study group because they are mobile, respond quickly to habitat changes and feed at different trophic levels. Fixed‐point bird counts were done during winter and spring at near‐pristine and Eucalyptus camaldulensis invaded riparian habitats. A total of 1142 birds from 44 species were recorded. Bird assemblages in invaded sites are almost a complete subset (24 species) of those in near‐pristine areas (42 species). Invaded areas were missing 18 species and contained a total of 128 fewer individuals. This is due to declines in insectivores, frugivores, granivores, raptors and omnivores and the absence of nectarivores in invaded sites. From a bird's perspective, the prioritisation of E. camaldulensis removal from the CFR's river systems is justified, but whether bird species will return to cleared areas needs to be determined.
Paediatric orbital cellulitis and the relationship to underlying sinonasal anatomy on computed tomography
Authors: Crosbie R A , Clement W A , Kubba H 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjective:To assess if there is an association between sinonasal anatomical variants and the risk of developing orbital cellulitis and associated complications, in children.Methods:A retrospective case–control series was conducted, examining computed tomography confirmed sinonasal anatomical variants of septal deviation and concha bullosa in children who presented with periorbital cellulitis who went on to develop orbital cellulitis and abscesses.Results:Thirty children had a Chandler score of 2 or greater on computed tomography. Mean age was seven years and there was relatively equal sex distribution. There was no association between presence of concha bullosa and side of disease (odds ratio = 1), and no statistically significant difference between septal deviation and ipsilateral orbital infection (p = 0.125).Conclusion:There was no statistical correlation between any sinonasal bony or cartilaginous anatomical variants on computed tomography and orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis in our paediatric cohort. The findings do not support the theory that these anatomical variants predispose to orbital cellulitis occurring in these children, nor complications thereof.
Using 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in the pre-operative evaluation of tongue carcinoma
Authors: Moreno K F , Cornelius R S , Lucas F V , Meinzen-Derr J , Patil Y J 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to evaluate the role of 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in predicting tongue tumour thickness via direct and reconstructed measures, and their correlations with corresponding histological measures, nodal metastasis and extracapsular spread.Methods:A prospective study was conducted of 25 patients with histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and pre-operative 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging from 2009 to 2012.Results:Correlations between 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and histological measures of tongue tumour thickness were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient:rvalues were 0.84 (p< 0.0001) and 0.81 (p< 0.0001) for direct and reconstructed measurements, respectively. For magnetic resonance imaging, direct measures of tumour thickness (mean ± standard deviation, 18.2 ± 7.3 mm) did not significantly differ from the reconstructed measures (mean ± standard deviation, 17.9 ± 7.2 mm;r= 0.879). Moreover, 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging had 83 per cent sensitivity, 82 per cent specificity, 82 per cent accuracy and a 90 per cent negative predictive value for detecting cervical lymph node metastasis.Conclusion:In this cohort, 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging measures of tumour thickness correlated highly with the corresponding histological measures. Further, 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging was an effective method of detecting malignant adenopathy with extracapsular spread.
Solitary fibrous tumour of the tongue: a series of four cases
Authors: Dungarwalla M M , Barrett A W , Gulati A 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground:Solitary fibrous tumour is a soft tissue tumour of mesenchymal origin. It was first described in the pleura and has since been reported in many anatomical locations. Thirteen cases in the tongue have hitherto been reported. A positive CD34 result has traditionally been used to confirm the diagnosis, although this is often non-specific to solitary fibrous tumour. To date, nuclear STAT6 expression has not been reported in solitary fibrous tumour of the tongue.Method:This paper presents a further four cases of solitary fibrous tumour of the tongue, the largest series to date. Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings are detailed, including nuclear STAT6 expression.Results:All four cases were positive for CD34; two cases showed nuclear expression of STAT6. The tumours were excised completely and there have been no recurrences in at least one year.Conclusion:Solitary fibrous tumour should be considered as a differential diagnosis for tongue swellings, with the potential to recur.
On-chip inter-modal Brillouin scattering
Authors: Kittlaus Eric A. , Otterstrom Nils T. , Rakich Peter T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBrillouin nonlinearities—which result from coupling between photons and acoustic phonons—are exceedingly weak in conventional nanophotonic silicon waveguides. Only recently have Brillouin interactions been transformed into the strongest and most tailorable nonlinear interactions in silicon using a new class of optomechanical waveguides that control both light and sound. In this paper, we use a multi-mode optomechanical waveguide to create stimulated Brillouin scattering between light-fields guided in distinct spatial modes of an integrated waveguide for the first time. This interaction, termed stimulated inter-modal Brillouin scattering, decouples Stokes and anti-Stokes processes to enable single-sideband amplification and dynamics that permit near-unity power conversion. Using integrated mode multiplexers to address separate optical modes, we show that circulators and narrowband filters are not necessary to separate pump and signal waves. We also demonstrate net optical amplification and Brillouin energy transfer as the basis for flexible on-chip light sources, amplifiers, nonreciprocal devices and signal-processing technologies.
Western tropical Pacific multidecadal variability forced by the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation
Authors: Sun Cheng , Kucharski Fred , Li Jianping , Jin Fei-Fei , Kang In-Sik , Ding Ruiqiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObservational analysis suggests that the western tropical Pacific (WTP) sea surface temperature (SST) shows predominant variability over multidecadal time scales, which is unlikely to be explained by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. Here we show that this variability is largely explained by the remote Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). A suite of Atlantic Pacemaker experiments successfully reproduces the WTP multidecadal variability and the AMO–WTP SST connection. The AMO warm SST anomaly generates an atmospheric teleconnection to the North Pacific, which weakens the Aleutian low and subtropical North Pacific westerlies. The wind changes induce a subtropical North Pacific SST warming through wind–evaporation–SST effect, and in response to this warming, the surface winds converge towards the subtropical North Pacific from the tropics, leading to anomalous cyclonic circulation and low pressure over the WTP region. The warm SST anomaly further develops due to the SST–sea level pressure–cloud–longwave radiation positive feedback. Our findings suggest that the Atlantic Ocean acts as a key pacemaker for the western Pacific decadal climate variability.