bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bildung und Lernen als Aufbau von Wissens- und Denkstrukturen
Authors: Tanner Iris 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDiese theoretische Grundlage und deren Bedeutung für den angeleiteten Wissenserwerb des Individuums wird in diesem Kapitel erläutert, indem zuerst auf Aeblis Konzept der unterstützten Wissenskonstruktion (vgl. Abschnitt 2.1.1) und auf den problemlösenden Unterricht (vgl. Abschnitt 2.1.2) eingegangen wird, bevor Vygotskys Sicht von Entwicklung (vgl. Abschnitt 2.1.3) behandelt wird.
Diskussion
Authors: Tanner Iris 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Untersuchung ist Teil des Forschungsprojektes „Didaktische Kommunikation und Bildungswirkungen im problemorientierten Mathematikunterricht“ (Reusser & Pauli, 2012) und untersuchte den Teildatensatz der tutoriellen Situationen bzw. der Gruppenunterrichtsgespräche im 1:4-Setting der schweizerisch-deutschen Videostudie (vgl. u. a. Klieme, Pauli & Reusser, 2006). Theoretischer Ausgangspunkt der ganzen Arbeit war die Annahme, dass nachhaltiges Lernen dann stattfindet, wenn die kognitiven Aufbauprozesse im Unterricht problemlösend erfolgen und die Lernenden substanzielle Äusserungen als Elemente von Lösungsschritten im Lehr-Lerngespräch aktiv beitragen, dass also produktive Lehr-Lerngespräche ein hohes Positioning aller Beteiligten brauchen. Es interessierte in der Arbeit folglich, ob sich die 38 Gruppengespräche der 1:4-Settings des Datensatzes in Bezug auf den Problemlöseprozess und die Interaktionskonstellation zwischen den Gruppen unterscheiden. Die Ergebnisse werden hier zusammengefasst und kritisch diskutiert (vgl. Kapitel 8.1). Danach folgt die Diskussion des methodischen Vorgehens (vgl. Kapitel 8.2), bevor Schlussfolgerungen für die pädagogische Praxis gezogen werden (vgl. Kapitel 8.3).
Electric dipole moments in 5+3 flavor weak effective theory
Authors: Kumar Jacky , Mereghetti Emanuele 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A fully generic treatment of electric dipole moments (EDMs) is presented in the CP-violating and flavor-conserving weak effective field theory (WET) with five flavors of quarks and three flavors of leptons. We systematically analyze leading contributions to EDMs originating from QCD and QED renormalization group running between the electroweak scale and low energy scales of about 2 GeV. We include the full one-loop anomalous dimension and a subset of two-loop corrections, as well as threshold corrections at the bottom, charm and τ masses. This allows us to derive master formulae in the space of generic WET for the neutron and proton EDMs, for EDMs of diamagnetic atoms, and for the precession frequencies constrained in molecular EDM experiments, from which bounds on the electron EDM are extracted. In particular, our master formulae capture the contributions of WET CP-violating operators with heavy quark and lepton flavors. As an application, we study EDM constraints on the Yukawa couplings of the Higgs boson, in both the linear and non-linear realizations of electroweak symmetry breaking.
Kac–Ward Solution of the 2D Classical and 1D Quantum Ising Models
Authors: Athanasopoulos Georgios , Ueltschi Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe give a rigorous derivation of the free energy of (i) the classical Ising model on the triangular lattice with translation-invariant coupling constants and (ii) the one-dimensional quantum Ising model. We use the method of Kac and Ward. The novel aspect is that the coupling constants may have negative signs. We describe the logarithmic singularity of the specific heat of the classical model and the validity of the Cimasoni–Duminil-Copin–Li formula for the critical temperature. We also discuss the quantum phase transition of the quantum model.
Theoretische Grundlagen der klinischen Ethikberatung in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Gather Jakov , Scholten Matthé 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Rahmen klinischer Ethikberatung unterstützen Ethikberater*innen im Gesundheitswesen Professionelle in der Psychiatrie dabei, moralische Probleme zu identifizieren und zu analysieren.

Ziel der Arbeit
Darstellung von zentralen ethischen Grundbegriffen und Begründungsansätzen, die für die klinische Ethikberatung in der Psychiatrie von Relevanz sind.

Material und Methoden
Konzeptionelle und ethische Analyse.

Ergebnisse
Nach einer Unterscheidung von Moral, Ethik und Recht werden moralische von anderen Problemen abgegrenzt. Im Anschluss werden ethische Grundbegriffe geklärt und das Konzept des moralischen Stresses vorgestellt. Im Hinblick auf ethische Begründungsansätze werden philosophische ethische Theorien von medizinethischen Theorien, wie der Prinzipienethik und der Care-Ethik, abgegrenzt. Abschließend werden Rechtfertigungstests auf Grundlage des Schadensprinzips und des schwachen Paternalismus zur ethischen Entscheidungsfindung in Situationen von Eigen- oder Fremdgefährdung erläutert.

Diskussion
Die Kenntnis ethischer Grundbegriffe und Begründungsansätze ist wichtig für die Identifikation und Analyse moralischer Probleme in der Psychiatrie und sollte in der Ausbildung von Ethikberater*innen im Gesundheitswesen stärker vermittelt werden.
Forensische Radiologie
Authors: Grabherr Silke , Grimm Jochen 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In der Rechtsmedizin ist die Dokumentation von Befunden essenziell. Während einer Obduktion erfolgt dies zumeist durch die Fotografie. Jedoch gibt es zahlreiche Verletzungen, die auch bei einer klassischen Obduktion unentdeckt bleiben. In den letzten Jahren wuchs in zahlreichen Ländern zur Verbesserung der Befunddokumentation und zur Steigerung der Qualität der postmortalen Untersuchung der Stellenwert der forensischen Radiologie.

Methoden
Während viele Methoden, wie die konventionelle Röntgenbildgebung oder die Computertomographie (CT) relativ einfach in den postmortalen Bereich übernommen werden können, gibt es andere Methoden, die sich schwieriger anpassen lassen. So benötigt z. B. die Durchführung einer postmortalen Angiographie ein spezifisches Konzept, welches das Auffüllen des Blutgefäßsystems und das Zirkulieren eines Kontrastmittels erlaubt. Auch die Durchführung einer postmortalen Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) ist eine Herausforderung, da der Bildkontrast stark von der Temperatur des zu untersuchenden Körpers abhängt. Beim Einsatz an lebenden Personen, im Bereich der „klinischen Rechtsmedizin“, gibt es weitere Elemente zu beachten. So stellt sich insbesondere die Frage, welche radiologischen Methoden ohne klinische Indikation für rein rechtsmedizinische Fragestellungen zulässig sind.

Schlussfolgerung
Dieser Übersichtsartikel soll die verschiedenen Methoden der forensischen Radiologie, ihre Einsatzbereiche sowie ihre Vor- und Nachteile erläutern. Außerdem werden wichtige historische Entwicklungen zum Einsatz der forensischen Radiologie und zu ihrer aktuellen Verbreitung im deutschsprachigen Raum sowie zu aktuellen und zukünftigen Entwicklungen beschrieben. Dank dieser Informationen und einer zusammenfassenden Übersichtstabelle können klare Hinweise und Empfehlungen zum Einsatz der forensischen Radiologie in der Praxis erhalten werden.
Removing cloud shadows from ground-based solar imagery
Authors: Chaoui Amal , Morgan Jay Paul , Paiement Adeline , Aboudarham Jean 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study and prediction of space weather entails the analysis of solar images showing structures of the Sun’s atmosphere. When imaged from the Earth’s ground, images may be polluted by terrestrial clouds which hinder the detection of solar structures. We propose a new method to remove cloud shadows, based on a U-Net architecture, and compare classical supervision with conditional GAN. We evaluate our method on two different imaging modalities, using both real images and a new dataset of synthetic clouds. Quantitative assessments are obtained through image quality indices (RMSE, PSNR, SSIM, and FID). We demonstrate improved results with regards to the traditional cloud removal technique and a sparse coding baseline, on different cloud types and textures.
Secretome and immune cell attraction analysis of head and neck cancers
Authors: Muijlwijk Tara , Wondergem Niels E. , Ekhlas Fatima , Remkes Naomi , Nijenhuis Dennis N. L. M. , Fritz Lennart , Ganzevles Sonja H. , Miedema Iris H. C. , Leemans C. René , Poell Jos B. , Brakenhoff Ruud H. , van de Ven Rieneke 
Published: September 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors are approved for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) but the response rate is only 13–18%. For an effective antitumor immune response, trafficking of immune cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential. We aimed to better understand immune cell migration as well as the involved chemokines in HNSCC. A transwell assay was used to study immune cell migration toward TME-conditioned medium. While T cell migration was not observed, conventional dendritic cell (cDC) migration was induced by TME-conditioned media. cDC migration correlated with various proteins in the TME secretome. CCL8, CXCL5, CCL13 and CCL7 were tested in validation experiments and addition of these chemokines induced cDC migration. Using single cell RNA-sequencing, we observed expression of CCL8, CXCL5, CCL13 and CCL7 in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Depleting fibroblasts led to reduced cDC migration. Thus CAFs, while often seen as suppressors of antitumor immunity, play a role in attracting cDCs toward the head and neck cancer TME, which might be crucial for effective antitumor immunity and response to therapies. Indeed, we found RNA expression signatures of the indicated chemokines, cDC and CAF subpopulations, to be significantly higher in baseline tumor specimen of patients with a major pathological response to pre-surgical anti-PD-1 treatment compared to non-responding patients.
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus pembrolizumab for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with high risk of recurrence following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a single-arm phase II study
Authors: Guo Jhe-Cyuan , Huang Ta-Chen , Kuo Hung-Yang , Lin Chia-Chi , Hsu Feng-Ming , Cheng Jason Chia-Hsien , Huang Yen-Lin , Hsieh Min-Shu , Huang Pei-Ming , Lee Jang-Ming , Wu Shu-Ling , Hsu Chih-Hung 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Adjuvant nivolumab reduces recurrence in patients with locoregional esophageal cancer who had pathological residual disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and R0 resection. However, the efficacy of adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy in patients at higher risk of recurrence remains unclear.

Methods
This phase II trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03322267) enrolled patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus esophagectomy but still had various risk factors for recurrence, such as involved or close margins (≤ 1 mm), extranodal extension of the involved lymph nodes, and the ypN2-3 stage. Patients received adjuvant therapy composed of a course of cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy and pembrolizumab (200 mg, IV every 3 weeks) for 18 cycles. The primary endpoint was 1-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate.

Results
Twenty-five patients were enrolled. The risk factors were tumor margins of ≤ 1 mm (18 patients), extranodal extension of the involved lymph nodes (9 patients), and the ypN2-3 stage (9 patients). The median follow-up duration was 21.6 months (95% CI: 18.7–33.2). The rate of 1-year RFS was 60.0%. The median duration of RFS and overall survival was 14.3 (95% CI: 9.0–19.5) and 21.6 (95% CI: 0.0–45.5) months, respectively. Treatment-emergent adverse events of any grade and those of ≥ 3 grade occurred in 56% and 8% of all patients receiving cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy and in 79.2% and 12.5% of those receiving pembrolizumab.

Conclusions
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by pembrolizumab is feasible and may be associated with improved 1-year RFS rate in patients at high risk of recurrence after trimodality therapy for locally advanced ESCC.
Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT03322267).
Baseline platelet count and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute venous thromboembolism: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Stuby Johann , Stalder Odile , Limacher Andreas , Righini Marc , Rodondi Nicolas , Tritschler Tobias , Méan Marie , Aujesky Drahomir 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn abnormal platelet count (PC) is common in acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) but its relationship with clinical outcomes remains ill-defined. We aimed to explore the association between baseline PC and the long-term risk of clinically relevant outcomes in a prospective cohort of 991 patients with acute VTE. We classified patients into four PC groups: very low (< 100 G/l), low (≥ 100 to < 150 G/l), normal (≥ 150 G/l to ≤ 450 G/l), and high (> 450 G/l). The primary outcome was major bleeding (MB), secondary outcomes were recurrent VTE and overall mortality. We examined the association between PC and clinical outcomes, adjusting for confounders, competing risk for mortality, and periods of anticoagulation. After a median follow-up of 30 months, 132 (13%) of patients experienced MB, 122 (12%) had recurrent VTE, and 206 (21%) died. Compared to patients with a normal PC, patients with a very low PC had a sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR) for MB of 1.23 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52–2.91) and those with a high PC a SHR of 1.87 (95%CI 0.82–4.29). Patients with a low PC had a twofold increased VTE recurrence risk (SHR 2.05, 95%CI 1.28–3.28). Patients with low and very low PC had a hazard ratio for mortality of 1.43 (95%CI 0.99–2.08) and of 1.55 (95%CI 0.80–2.99), respectively. Our findings do not suggest a consistent relationship between baseline PC and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with VTE.
Development and validation of a realistic type III esophageal atresia simulator for the training of pediatric surgeons
Authors: Arredondo Montero Javier , Pérez Riveros Blanca Paola , Bueso Asfura Oscar Emilio , Martín-Calvo Nerea , Pueyo Francisco Javier , López de Aguileta Castaño Nicolás 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The technical complexity and limited casuistry of neonatal surgical pathology limit the possibilities of developing the necessary technical competencies by specialists in training. Esophageal atresia constitutes the paradigm of this problem. The use of synthetic 3D models for training is a promising line of research, although the literature is limited.

Methods
We conceptualized, designed, and produced an anatomically realistic model for the open correction of type III oesophageal atresia. We validated it with two groups of participants (experts and non-experts) through face, construct, and content-validity questionnaires.

Results
The model was validated by nine experts and nine non-experts. The mean procedure time for the experts and non-experts groups was 34.0 and 38.4 min, respectively. Two non-experts did not complete the procedure at the designed time (45 min). Regarding the face validity questionnaire, the mean rating of the model was 3.2 out of 4. Regarding the construct validity, we found statistically significant differences between groups for the equidistance between sutures, 100% correct in the expert group vs. 42.9% correct in the non-expert group (p = 0.02), and for the item “Confirms that tracheoesophageal fistula closure is watertight before continuing the procedure”, correctly assessed by 66.7% of the experts vs. by 11.1% of non-experts (p = 0.05). Concerning content validity, the mean score was 3.3 out of 4 for the experts and 3.4 out of 4 for the non-experts.

Conclusions
The present model is a cost-effective, simple-to-produce, and validated option for training open correction of type III esophageal atresia. However, future studies with larger sample sizes and blinded validators are needed before drawing definitive conclusions.
Factors affecting gasless reduced-port laparoscopic myomectomy (GRP-LM) using a subcutaneous abdominal wall lifting method: a retrospective analysis of a large cohort of 966 cases in Japan
Authors: Ito Hiroe , Sagawa Yasukazu , Nakagawa Junko , Akaeda Tomoyoshi , Tsutsumi Kiyoaki , Isaka Keiichi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the usefulness of gasless reduced-port laparoscopic myomectomy (GRP-LM) using a subcutaneous abdominal wall lifting method.

Methods
In GRP-LM, after lifting the abdominal wall by a subcutaneous abdominal wall lifting method, a 1.5-cm incision is made in the lateral abdomen, Lap Protector® is placed. The operation is performed by two surgeons, one who inserts multiple forceps from the Lap Protector and performs the operation, and an assistant who operates the laparoscope and uterine manipulator. The surgical outcome of GRP-LM and the factors that affect it were investigated.

Results
GRP-LM was performed in 966 patients. Complications (0.5%) and blood transfusions (0.3%) were remarkably rare, and there were no cases of conversion to open surgery. With regard to the correlation between the number of fibroids extracted and each factor, the number of fibroids extracted correlated with fibroid weight and operation time, but not with blood loss. The average number of sutures per case was 21, and the average suture and ligation time per suture was 77 s. Comparing the cost of GRP-LM with that of the conventional insufflation LM, a saving of $875 was possible with GRP-LM.

Conclusion
GRP-LM is a suitable for multiple fibroids, and is cosmetic and economical, because it allows rapid and reliable suture and ligation, despite having only one port for the procedure.
The influence of antenatal betamethasone timing on neonatal outcome in late preterm infants: a single-center cohort study
Authors: Brückner Thomas , Redlich Anke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Many pregnancies continue after antenatal corticosteroid exposure. Since long-term effects on late preterm neonatal outcome remain controversial, it remains unknown whether pregnant women who are at risk for preterm birth during the late preterm period and had prior antenatal corticosteroid exposure would benefit from an additional course of antenatal corticosteroids. We evaluated the need for future trials on this topic by comparing short term effects from antenatal betamethasone to long-term effects. We also examined the value of a risk-adapted approach.

Methods
We observed neonatal outcomes in late preterm infants (34/0–36/0 weeks of gestation) who were exposed to antenatal betamethasone either up to 10 days prior birth (n = 8) or earlier in pregnancy (n = 89). We examined a real world population from the University Hospital Magdeburg (Germany) between 01 January 2012 and 31 December 2018, and a simulated high-risk population that was derived from the original data.

Results
The indicators for relevant adverse outcomes did not differ in the unselected population. In the simulated high-risk population, recent antenatal corticosteroid administration significantly reduced the incidence of relevant cardiorespiratory morbidities (OR = 0.00, p = 0.008), and reduced the number needed to treat from 3.7 to 1.5.

Conclusion
The superiority of recent antenatal corticosteroid administration in the late preterm period over earlier exposure strongly depended on the prevalence of respiratory disease. Before considering clinical trials on additional antenatal corticosteroid courses in the late preterm period, antenatal assessment tools to predict respiratory morbidity need to be developed.
Renal vascular lesions in childhood-onset lupus nephritis
Authors: Lin Kyle Ying-kit , Chan Eugene Yu-hin , Mak Yuen-fun , To Ming-chun , Wong Sze-wa , Lai Fiona Fung-yee , Ho Tsz-wai , Tong Pak-chiu , Lai Wai-ming , Yap Desmond Yat-hin , Ma Alison Lap-tak 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to determine the clinical significance of renal vascular lesions (RVLs) in childhood-onset lupus nephritis (cLN).

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all children with biopsy-proven cLN between 2004–2020 to evaluate the prevalence of RVLs on kidney biopsy and its associated factors and long-term outcomes. The composite kidney outcome was defined as advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3–5, kidney failure and death.

Results
107 biopsies from 84 Chinese patients were analysed. RVLs were observed in 19 patients (22.6%), including non-inflammatory necrotizing vasculopathy (NNV, n = 6), thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA, n = 4), arterial sclerosis (AS, n = 3), concurrent NNV with AS (n = 4), concurrent NNV with TMA (n = 1) and concurrent true renal vasculitis with AS (n = 1).
The presence of RVLs was associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (66.9 ± 40.3 vs. 95.6 ± 39.4 ml/min/1.73m2, p = 0.005), haemoglobin level (9.1 ± 1.9 vs. 10.4 ± 1.9 g/dL, p = 0.008) and platelet count (150.1 ± 96.4 vs. 217.2 ± 104.8 × 109/L, p = 0.01). LN classes and activity/chronicity indices were similar.
Patients with RVLs had poorer composite kidney outcomes, though not reaching statistical significance (log-rank test, p = 0.06). The presence of NNV was associated with inferior survival free from composite kidney outcome (log-rank test, p = 0.0018), compared to other forms of RVLs and those without RVLs. Univariate analysis revealed NNV (HR 7.08, 95% CI 1.67–30.03) was predictive of composite kidney outcome.

Conclusion
RVLs are present in one-fifth of cLN patients and are associated with severe presentation. NNV is associated with worse long-term kidney outcome. Routine evaluation of RVLs is warranted and should be incorporated into future classification criteria.

Graphical Abstract
A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information
Regression-based normative data for Corsi Span and Supraspan learning and recall among Italian adults
Authors: Facchin Alessio , Pegoraro Sara , Rigoli Mattia , Rizzi Ezia , Strina Veronica , Barera Sara , Castiglieri Giulia , Daini Roberta , Guarnerio Chiara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The Corsi Block Tapping Test, or Corsi Span (CS), is a widely used task to measure visuospatial short-term and working memory. The same setup can be used to administer the Corsi SupraSpan Learning (CSSL) and Recall (CSSR), tests assessing visuospatial long-term memory. While the CS has relatively recent normative data, those of the CSSL are outdated For CSSR, no normative data are available. Given this critical lack, our study aimed to provide updated norms for CS, CSSL, and specifically for the recall delayed phase (CSSR).

Materials and methods
A sample of 340 healthy participants, aged between 20 and 89, took part in the study. Norms were developed using a regression approach and defined using rank equivalent scores and percentiles.

Results
Age and education influenced Corsi’s Span, while SupraSpan Learning and Recall were influenced by age, education, and span. The comparison with previous norms for Span and SupraSpan Learning shows a high level of agreement.

Conclusions
This study provides integrated norms to evaluate visuospatial memory in all aspects of immediate recall, long-term learning and delayed recall. Its use is needed to assess specific neuropsychological deficits, dissociate visuospatial versus verbal memory deficits and allow the evaluation of memory in patients with limited verbal abilities.