bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nationwide survey of public healthcare providers’ impressions of family medicine specialists in Malaysia: a qualitative analysis of written comments
Authors: Chew Boon-How , Cheong Ai-Theng , Ismail Mastura , Hamzah Zuhra , A-Rashid Mohd-Radzniwan , Md-Yasin Mazapuspavina , Ali Norsiah , Mohd-Salleh Noridah , Bashah Baizury 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo examine impressions of public healthcare providers/professionals (PHCPs) who are working closely with family medicine specialists (FMSs) at public health clinics.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThis study is part of a larger national study on the perception of Malaysian public healthcare professionals on FMSs (PERMFAMS).ParticipantsPHCPs from three categories of health facility: hospitals, health clinics and health offices.Main outcome measuresQualitative analyses of written comments of respondents’ general impression of FMSs.ResultsThe participants’ response rate was 58.0% (780/1345), with almost equal proportions from each public healthcare facility. A total of 23 categories for each of the 648 impression comments were identified. The six emerging themes were: (1) importance of FMSs; (2) roles of FMSs; (3) clinical performance of FMSs; (4) attributes of FMSs; (5) FMS practice challenges; (6) misconception of FMS roles. Overall, FMS practice was perceived to be safe and able to provide effective treatments in a challenging medical discipline that was in line with the current standards of medical care and ethical and professional values. The areas of concern were in clinical performance expressed by PHCPs from some hospitals and the lack of personal attributes and professionalism among FMSs mentioned by PHCPs from health clinics and offices.ConclusionsFMSs were perceived to be capable of providing effective treatment and were considered to be important primary care physicians. There were a few negative impressions in some areas of FMS practice, which demanded attention by the FMSs themselves and the relevant authorities in order to improve efficiency and safeguard the fraternity's reputation.
Relationship between use of general practice and healthcare costs at the end of life: a data linkage study in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Tran Bich , Falster Michael O , Girosi Federico , Jorm Louisa 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveThis analysis investigated the relationships between healthcare expenditures in the last 6 months of life and use of general practitioner (GP) services in the preceding 12-month period among older residents of New South Wales, Australia.MethodsQuestionnaire data (2006–2009) for more than 260 000 people aged 45 years and over were linked to individual hospital and death records and cost data. For 14 819 participants who died during follow-up, generalised linear mixed models were used to explore the relationships between costs of hospital, emergency department (ED) and Medicare-funded outpatient and pharmaceutical services in the last 6 months of life, and quintile of GP use in the 18–7 months before death. Analyses were adjusted for age at death, sex, educational level, language, private health insurance, household income, self-reported health status, functional limitation, psychological distress, number of comorbidities and geographic clustering.ResultsAlmost 85% of decedents had at least one hospitalisation in the last 6 months, and the mean (median) of total cost for each person in this period was $A20 453 (14 835). There was no significant difference in the hospital cost, including cost for preventable hospitalisations in the last 6 months of life, across quintiles of GP use in the 18–7 months before death. Participants in the lowest quintile of GP use incurred more ED costs, but ED costs were similar across the other quintiles of GP use. Costs for Medicare-funded outpatient services and pharmaceuticals increased steeply according to quintile of GP use.ConclusionsIn the Australian setting, there was no association between use of GP services in the 18–7 months before death and hospital costs in the last 6 months, but there was significant association with higher costs for outpatient services and pharmaceuticals. However, there was some indication that limited GP access might be associated with increased ED use at end of life.
A qualitative study exploring how Somali women exposed to female genital mutilation experience and perceive antenatal and intrapartum care in England
Authors: Moxey Jordan M , Jones Laura L 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo explore how Somali women exposed to female genital mutilation experience and perceive antenatal and intrapartum care in England. We explored women's perceptions of deinfibulation, caesarean section and vaginal delivery; their experiences of care during pregnancy and labour; and factors that affect ability to access these services, in order to make recommendations about future practice.DesignA descriptive, exploratory qualitative study using face-to-face semistructured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and data were analysed using a thematic approach. An interpreter was used when required (n=3).SettingParticipants recruited from 2 community centres in Birmingham, England.ParticipantsConvenience and snowball sample of 10 Somali women resident in Birmingham, who had accessed antenatal care services in England within the past 5 years.Results3 core themes were interpreted: (1)Experiences of female genital mutilation during life, pregnancy and labour: Female genital mutilation had a significant physical and psychological impact, influencing decisions to undergo deinfibulation or caesarean section. Women delayed deinfibulation until labour to avoid undergoing multiple operations if an episiotomy was anticipated. (2)Experience of care from midwives: Awareness of female genital mutilation from midwives led to open communication and stronger relationships with women, resulting in more positive experiences. (3)Adaptation to English life: Good language skills and social support networks enabled women to access these services, while unfavourable social factors (eg, inability to drive) impeded.ConclusionsFemale genital mutilation impacts Somali women's experiences of antenatal and intrapartum care. This study suggests that midwives should routinely ask Somali women about female genital mutilation to encourage open communication and facilitate more positive experiences. As antenatal deinfibulation is unpopular, we should consider developing strategies to promote deinfibulation to non-pregnant women, to align with current guidelines. Women with unfavourable social factors may require additional support to improve access to English antenatal care services.
‘Keeping your body and mind active’: an ethnographic study of aspirations for healthy ageing
Authors: Guell Cornelia , Shefer Guy , Griffin Simon , Ogilvie David 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo describe and explore perceptions, practices and motivations for active living in later life.DesignQualitative study with semistructured interviews and ‘semistructured’ participant observations of participant-selected activities, such as exercise classes, private or organised walks, shopping and gardening.Participants27 participants (65–80 years) from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer Norfolk study, purposefully selected by gender, age, occupational class, living status and residential location; 19 of the participants agreed to be accompanied for observed activities.SettingParticipants’ homes, neighbourhoods, places of leisure activities and workplaces in Norfolk, England.ResultsAll participants regarded a positive attitude as important for healthy ageing; this included staying active, both physically and mentally through sedentary activities such as reading and crosswords. ‘Getting out of the house’, being busy, or following a variety of interests were regarded as both important motivators and descriptions of their ‘activeness’. Purposeful activities formed an important part of this, for example, still being engaged in paid or voluntary work, having caring responsibilities, or smaller incidental activities such as helping neighbours or walking for transport. Many also reported adapting previous, often lifelong, activity preferences and habits to their ageing body, or replacing them altogether with lower impact activities such as walking. This included adapting to the physical limitations of partners and friends which dictated the intensity and frequency of shared activities. The social context of activities could thus form a barrier to active living, but could also encourage it through companionship, social responsibilities and social pressures.ConclusionsPromoting and maintaining physical activity among older people may require more attention to activeness as an attitude and way of life as well as to its social context, and initiatives encouraging broader activity habits rather than discrete activities.
Metabolome Analyses Uncovered a Novel Inhibitory Effect of Acyclic Retinoid on Aberrant Lipogenesis in a Mouse Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatic Tumorigenesis Model
Authors: Qin Xian-Yang , Tatsukawa Hideki , Hitomi Kiyotaka , Shirakami Yohei , Ishibashi Naoto , Shimizu Masahito , Moriwaki Hisataka , Kojima Soichi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Acyclic retinoid (ACR) is a promising drug under clinical trials for preventing recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of this study was to gain insights into molecular basis of the antitumorigenic action of ACR from a metabolic point of view. To achieve this, comprehensive cationic and lipophilic liver metabolic profiling was performed in mouse diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatic tumorigenesis model using both capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ACR significantly counteracted against acceleration of lipogenesis but not glucose metabolism in DEN-treated mice liver, suggesting an important role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the initiation step of hepatic tumorigenesis. Knowledge-based pathway analysis suggested that inhibition of linoleic acid metabolites such as arachidonic acid, a proinflammatory precursor, played a crucial role in the prevention by ACR of DEN-induced chronic inflammation–mediated tumorigenesis of the liver. As a molecular mechanism of the ACR's effect to prevent the aberrant lipogenesis, microarray analysis identified that a key transcription regulator of both embryogenesis and tumorigenesis, COUP transcription factor 2, also known as NR2F2, was associated with the metabolic effect of ACR in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Our study provided potential therapeutic targets for the chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma as well as new insights into the mechanisms underlying prevention of hepatic tumorigenesis. Cancer Prev Res; 9(3); 205–14. ©2016 AACR.
Anticancer Teamwork: Cross-Presenting Dendritic Cells Collaborate with Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Robert-Tissot Céline , Speiser Daniel E. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Summary: Cross-presentation of tumor antigens represents a key pathway in antitumor immune responses that can be exploited to synergize not only with the already prominent “checkpoint blockade,” but also with newer attempts to use T-cell stimulatory monoclonal antibodies in immunotherapy. Cancer Discov; 6(1); 17–9. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Sánchez-Paulete et al., p. 71.
Targeting ALK: The Ten Lives of a Tumor
Authors: Versteeg Rogier , George Rani E. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Summary: In this issue, Infarinato and colleagues report the results of preclinical testing of a novel ALK/ROS1 inhibitor, PF-06463922, in neuroblastoma. This small-molecule inhibitor was shown to efficiently inhibit the growth of patient-derived and established neuroblastoma xenograft models expressing mutated ALK. Although the in vivo data are impressive and the authors suggest that clinical trials are warranted, the presented data also suggest that it is as yet too early to welcome the new drug as a magic bullet. Cancer Discov; 6(1); 20–1. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Infarinato et al., p. 96.
Patient Outcomes From a Specialized Inherited Arrhythmia Clinic
Authors: Adler Arnon , Sadek Mouhannad M. , Chan Anita Y.M. , Dell Edith , Rutberg Julie , Davis Darryl , Green Martin S. , Spears Danna A. , Gollob Michael H. 
Published: January 2016

Background—
Patients with inherited arrhythmia syndromes are at an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Specialized inherited arrhythmia clinics were founded to optimize management and prevention of SCD in this population. However, the clinical effectiveness of these clinics has never been evaluated.

Methods and Results—
Clinical outcome data of patients referred to a specialized inherited arrhythmia clinic between 2005 and 2014 for a possible primary electric syndrome or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy were analyzed. Of 720 patients evaluated, 278 received a definite or probable diagnosis and received long-term management in the inherited arrhythmia clinic. All patients diagnosed with long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia received routine β-blocker therapy and demonstrated >90% long-term compliance. In patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, those demonstrating an arrhythmia burden on Holter or treadmill testing received β-blocker therapy (17%). In diagnosed channelopathy or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy index cases, 44 patients received secondary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (long QT syndrome, 9; Brugada syndrome, 8; catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, 3; short QT syndrome, 1; and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, 23). Median follow-up was 4.1 years with 43% having a follow-up period of >5 years. SCD occurred in a single patient (annualized risk of SCD, 0.1% per year). In individuals determined to have clinical or genetic disease by cascade screening, no SCD has occurred over a median follow-up of 5.6 years (55%, >5 years). Low event rates occurred despite a low rate (4.0%) of primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator utilization.

Conclusions—
Longitudinal care in a specialized inherited arrhythmia clinic is associated with a low incidence of SCD and a low rate of primary implantable cardioverter-defibrillator utilization in patients with inherited arrhythmia syndromes.
Heart Failure Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction; Burden and Timing of Occurrence: A Nation‐wide Analysis Including 86 771 Patients From the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway (CVDNOR) Project
Authors: Sulo Gerhard , Igland Jannicke , Vollset Stein Emil , Nygård Ottar , Ebbing Marta , Sulo Enxhela , Egeland Grace M. , Tell Grethe S. 
Published: January 2016

Background

Coronary heart disease (
CHD
) represents often the underlying conditions for the development of heart failure (
HF
). We aimed at exploring the burden and timing of
HF
complicating an acute myocardial infarction (
AMI
), using the total population of
AMI
patients hospitalized during 2001–2009 in Norway.

Methods and Results

A total of 86 771 patients with a first
AMI
during 2001–2009 and without previous
HF
were identified in the “Cardiovascular Disease in Norway” project and followed until
HF
development, death, or December 31, 2009. In 16 219 patients (18.7%),
HF
was present on admission or developed during hospitalization for the incident
AMI
.
HF
occurrence varied according to age (8.9%, 15.2%, and 25.6% among men and 10.2%, 16.8%, and 27.1% among women ages 25–54, 55–74, and 75–85 years). Among 63 853 patients discharged alive without
HF
, 8058 (12.6%) were hospitalized with or died because of
HF
during a median follow‐up time of 3.2 years.
HF
incidence rates (
IRs
) per 1000 person‐years during follow‐up were 31 (95%
CI
, 30–32) for men and 46 (95%
CI
, 44–47) for women (
P
<0.01).
IR
s of
HF
were highest during the first 6 months of follow‐up, after which they leveled off and remained stable until the end of follow‐up.

Conclusions

In this nation‐wide cohort study, we observed that
HF
remains a frequent complication of the first
AMI
; both during the acute phase and shortly after the discharge from the hospital.
The Impacts of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change on Tropospheric Temperatures at Global and Regional Scales
Authors: Zhang Weiyue , Xu Zhongfeng , Guo Weidong 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The impacts of land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) on tropospheric temperatures are investigated in this study using the fully coupled Community Earth System Model. Two simulations are performed using potential and current vegetation cover. The results show that LULCC can induce detectable changes in the tropospheric air temperature. Although the influence of LULCC on tropospheric temperature is weak, a significant influence can still be found below 300 hPa in summer over land. Compared to the global-mean temperature change, LULCC-induced changes in the regional-mean air temperature can be 2–3 times larger in the middle–upper troposphere and approximately 8 times larger in the lower troposphere. In East Asia and South Asia, LULCC is shown to produce significant decreases (0.2° to 0.4°C) in air temperature in the middle–upper troposphere in spring and autumn due to the largest decrease in the latent heat release from precipitation. In Europe and North America, the most significant tropospheric cooling occurs in summer, which can be attributed to the significant decrease in the absorbed solar radiation and sensible heat flux during this season. In addition to local effects, LULCC also induces nonlocal responses in the tropospheric air temperature that are characterized by significant decreases over the leeward sides of LULCC regions, which include East Asia–western North Pacific Ocean, Mediterranean Sea–North Africa, North America–Atlantic Ocean, and North America–eastern Pacific. Cooling in the leeward sides of LULCC regions is primarily caused by an enhanced cold advection induced by LULCC.
How Much is the Precipitation Amount over the Tropical Coastal Region?
Authors: Ogino Shin-Ya , Yamanaka Manabu D. , Mori Shuichi , Matsumoto Jun 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Motivated by observational evidence of rainfall concentrations near tropical coastlines with a diurnal cycle, the annual mean precipitation amount was quantified in the tropics (latitudes lower than 37°) obtained as a function of coastal distance and compared between land and ocean sides. The data are from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Precipitation amount peaks at the coastline and decreases rapidly over a distance of 300 km from the coastline on both sides of the coastline. The precipitation inside the “coastal region” (defined by a distance &lt;300 km from the coastline) accounts for approximately 34% of the total over the entire tropics, while that outside the coastal region accounts for 52% and 14% on the ocean and land sides, respectively. Since the coastal regions are about 29% of the total tropical areas, the precipitation per unit area inside the coastal regions is higher than that outside. Examining the grid number variation in the coastal regions with respect to the annual precipitation amount resulted in the finding that more than 90% of the annual precipitation with the amount of 3500 mm yr−1 or more occurs exclusively in the coastal regions, indicating that precipitation systems unique to coastal regions are needed for producing the highest annual precipitation on Earth.
Improving Weather Predictability by Including Land Surface Model Parameter Uncertainty
Authors: Orth Rene , Dutra Emanuel , Pappenberger Florian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe land surface forms an important component of Earth system models and interacts nonlinearly with other parts such as ocean and atmosphere. To capture the complex and heterogeneous hydrology of the land surface, land surface models include a large number of parameters impacting the coupling to other components of the Earth system model.Focusing on ECMWF’s land surface model Hydrology Tiled ECMWF Scheme of Surface Exchanges over Land (HTESSEL), the authors present in this study a comprehensive parameter sensitivity evaluation using multiple observational datasets in Europe. The authors select six poorly constrained effective parameters (surface runoff effective depth, skin conductivity, minimum stomatal resistance, maximum interception, soil moisture stress function shape, and total soil depth) and explore their sensitivity to model outputs such as soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and runoff using uncoupled simulations and coupled seasonal forecasts. Additionally, the authors investigate the possibility to construct ensembles from the multiple land surface parameters.In the uncoupled runs the authors find that minimum stomatal resistance and total soil depth have the most influence on model performance. Forecast skill scores are moreover sensitive to the same parameters as HTESSEL performance in the uncoupled analysis. The authors demonstrate the robustness of these findings by comparing multiple best-performing parameter sets and multiple randomly chosen parameter sets. The authors find better temperature and precipitation forecast skill with the best-performing parameter perturbations demonstrating representativeness of model performance across uncoupled (and hence less computationally demanding) and coupled settings.Finally, the authors construct ensemble forecasts from ensemble members derived with different best-performing parameterizations of HTESSEL. This incorporation of parameter uncertainty in the ensemble generation yields an increase in forecast skill, even beyond the skill of the default system.