bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Dawn‐Dusk Asymmetry of the Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability Between 2007 and 2013
Authors: Henry Z. W. , Nykyri K. , Moore T. W. , Dimmock A. P. , Ma X. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUsing data from Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS), a statistical study was performed to determine whether a dawn‐dusk asymmetry exists in the occurrence rates of the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability during Parker‐Spiral (PS) and Ortho‐Parker‐Spiral (OPS) orientations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). It is determined from the data that there is a strong preference toward the dawnside during PS orientation, and although a preference to the duskside during OPS is suggested, this requires further study for an unambiguous confirmation. The uncertainty in the OPS result is due to a low number of events, which satisfied our selection criteria. Because IMF is statistically in PS orientation, the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI) preference for the dawn flank during this orientation may help explain the origin of the plasma sheet asymmetry of cold component ions because it has been shown that KHI can drive kinetic‐scale wave activity capable of ion heating.
Lower Hybrid Drift Waves and Electromagnetic Electron Space‐Phase Holes Associated With Dipolarization Fronts and Field‐Aligned Currents Observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission During a Substorm
Authors: Le Contel O. , Nakamura R. , Breuillard H. , Argall M. R. , Graham D. B. , Fischer D. , Retinò A. , Berthomier M. , Pottelette R. , Mirioni L. , Chust T. , Wilder F. D. , Gershman D. J. , Varsani A. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Norgren C. , Ergun R. E. , Goodrich K. A. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Needell J. , Chutter M. , Rau D. , Dors I. , Russell C. T. , Magnes W. , Strangeway R. J. , Bromund K. R. , Wei H. Y. , Plaschke F. , Anderson B. J. , Le G. , Moore T. E. , Giles B. L. , Paterson W. R. , Pollock C. J. , Dorelli J. C. , Avanov L. A. , Saito Y. , Lavraud B. , Fuselier S. A. , Mauk B. H. , Cohen I. J. , Turner D. L. , Fennell J. F. , Leonard T. , Jaynes A. N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe analyze two ion scale dipolarization fronts associated with field‐aligned currents detected by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission during a large substorm on 10 August 2016. The first event corresponds to a fast dawnward flow with an antiparallel current and could be generated by the wake of a previous fast earthward flow. It is associated with intense lower hybrid drift waves detected at the front and propagating dawnward with a perpendicular phase speed close to the electric drift and the ion thermal velocity. The second event corresponds to a flow reversal: from southwward/dawnward to northward/duskward associated with a parallel current consistent with a brief expansion of the plasma sheet before the front crossing and with a smaller lower hybrid drift wave activity. Electromagnetic electron phase‐space holes are detected near these low‐frequency drift waves during both events. The drift waves could accelerate electrons parallel to the magnetic field and produce the parallel electron drift needed to generate the electron holes. Yet we cannot rule out the possibility that the drift waves are produced by the antiparallel current associated with the fast flows, leaving the source for the electron holes unexplained.
The Variability of Atmospheric Deuterium Brightness at Mars: Evidence for Seasonal Dependence
Authors: Mayyasi Majd , Clarke John , Bhattacharyya Dolon , Deighan Justin , Jain Sonal , Chaffin Michael , Thiemann Edward , Schneider Nick , Jakosky Bruce 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe enhanced ratio of deuterium to hydrogen on Mars has been widely interpreted as indicating the loss of a large column of water into space, and the hydrogen content of the upper atmosphere is now known to be highly variable. The variation in the properties of both deuterium and hydrogen in the upper atmosphere of Mars is indicative of the dynamical processes that produce these species and propagate them to altitudes where they can escape the planet. Understanding the seasonal variability of D is key to understanding the variability of the escape rate of water from Mars. Data from a 15 month observing campaign, made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph high‐resolution echelle channel, are used to determine the brightness of deuterium as observed at the limb of Mars. The D emission is highly variable, with a peak in brightness just after southern summer solstice. The trends of D brightness are examined against extrinsic as well as intrinsic sources. It is found that the fluctuations in deuterium brightness in the upper atmosphere of Mars (up to 400 km), corrected for periodic solar variations, vary on timescales that are similar to those of water vapor fluctuations lower in the atmosphere (20–80 km). The observed variability in deuterium may be attributed to seasonal factors such as regional dust storm activity and subsequent circulation lower in the atmosphere.
Quantitative Assessment on Multiple Timescale Features and Dynamics of Sea Surface Suspended Sediment Concentration Using Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Bian Changwei , Wang Chenghao , Jiang Wensheng , Bi Rong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWind‐waves, tidal currents, and some other dynamic factors dominate the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) variations in shallow seas and it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the effects of individual dynamic factors on SSC modulation. This work used the long‐term Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the high temporal‐resolution Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) remote sensing data to quantify the sea surface SSC variations on multiple timescales (intratidal, spring‐neap, seasonal, and long‐term timescales) in the Bohai Sea, and further quantitatively evaluated the effects of corresponding dynamic factors on the SSC modulation. The results indicated that the monsoon associated wind‐waves and stratification played the most important role in modulating SSC, with seasonal SSC variation of 8.1 mg/L in the Bohai Sea. The intratidal current variations played the secondary important role, causing SSC variation of 5.8 mg/L. The spring‐neap tidal current variations led to SSC variation of 3.1 mg/L in the Bohai Sea. In the long run (2003–2014), the SSC of the Bohai Sea decreased slightly with SSC variation of 2.8 mg/L (decline rate: 0.23 mg/L/year), which may be caused by the weakening wind, decreasing sediment load from the Yellow River or the massive reclamation in recent decades. Probably due to the topography, sea bed sediment grain size and river plume, SSC variations in the southern Bohai Sea were more pronounced than those in the northern Bohai Sea.
Impacts of Horizontal Propagation of Orographic Gravity Waves on the Wave Drag in the Stratosphere and Lower Mesosphere
Authors: Xu Xin , Wang Yuan , Xue Ming , Zhu Kefeng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe impact of horizontal propagation of mountain waves on the orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere of the Northern Hemisphere is evaluated for the first time. Using a fine‐resolution (1 arc min) terrain and 2.5°×2.5° European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts ERA‐Interim reanalysis data during 2011–2016, two sets of OGWD are calculated offline according to a traditional parameterization scheme (without horizontal propagation) and a newly proposed scheme (with horizontal propagation). In both cases, the zonal mean OGWDs show similar spatial patterns and undergo a notable seasonal variation. In winter, the OGWD is mainly distributed in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere of middle to high latitudes, whereas the summertime OGWD is confined in the lower stratosphere. Comparison between the two sets of OGWD reveal that the horizontal propagation of mountain waves tends to decrease (increase) the OGWD in the lower stratosphere (middle to upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere). Consequently, including the horizontal propagation of mountain waves in the parameterization of OGWD can reduce the excessive OGWD in the lower stratosphere and strengthen the insufficient gravity wave forcing in the mesosphere, which are the known problems of traditional OGWD schemes. The impact of horizontal propagation is more prominent in winter than in summer, with the OGWD in western Tibetan Plateau, Rocky Mountains, and Greenland notably affected.
Targeted Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9‐Mediated Cancer Gene Therapy via Liposome‐Templated Hydrogel Nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Zeming , Liu Fuyao , Chen Yanke , Liu Jun , Wang Xiaoying , Chen Ann T. , Deng Gang , Zhang Hongyi , Liu Jie , Hong Zhangyong , Zhou Jiangbing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDue to its simplicity, versatility, and high efficiency, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology has emerged as one of the most promising approaches for treatment of a variety of genetic diseases, including human cancers. However, further translation of CRISPR/Cas9 for cancer gene therapy requires development of safe approaches for efficient, highly specific delivery of both Cas9 and single guide RNA to tumors. Here, novel core–shell nanostructure, liposome‐templated hydrogel nanoparticles (LHNPs) that are optimized for efficient codelivery of Cas9 protein and nucleic acids is reported. It is demonstrated that, when coupled with the minicircle DNA technology, LHNPs deliver CRISPR/Cas9 with efficiency greater than commercial agent Lipofectamine 2000 in cell culture and can be engineered for targeted inhibition of genes in tumors, including tumors the brain. When CRISPR/Cas9 targeting a model therapeutic gene, polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1), is delivered, LHNPs effectively inhibit tumor growth and improve tumor‐bearing mouse survival. The results suggest LHNPs as versatile CRISPR/Cas9‐delivery tool that can be adapted for experimentally studying the biology of cancer as well as for clinically translating cancer gene therapy.
A General Strategy for Stretchable Microwave Antenna Systems using Serpentine Mesh Layouts
Authors: Chang Tammy , Tanabe Yuji , Wojcik Charles C. , Barksdale Alex C. , Doshay Sage , Dong Zhenya , Liu Hao , Zhang Maoyi , Chen Yuli , Su Yewang , Lee Thomas H. , Ho John S. , Fan Jonathan A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWireless functionality is essential for the implementation of wearable systems, but its adaptation in stretchable electronic systems has had limited success. In this paper, the electromagnetic properties of stretchable serpentine mesh‐based systems is studied, and this general strategy is used to produce high‐performance stretchable microwave systems. Stretchable mechanics are enabled by converting solid metallic sections in conventional systems to subwavelength‐scale serpentine meshes, followed by bonding to an elastomeric substrate. Compared to prior implementations of serpentine meshes in microwave systems, this conversion process is extended to arbitrary planar layouts, including those containing curvilinear shapes. A detailed theoretical analysis is also performed and a natural tradeoff is quantified between the stretching mechanics and microwave performance of these systems. To explore the translation of these concepts from theory to experiment, two types of stretchable microwave devices are fabricated and characterized: a stretchable far‐field dipole antenna for communications and a stretchable midfield phased surface for the wireless powering of biomedical implanted devices.
Toward High Thermoelectric Performance of Thiophene and Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) Molecular Wires
Authors: Famili Marjan , Grace Iain M. , Al‐Galiby Qusiy , Sadeghi Hatef , Lambert Colin J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe design of thermoelectric materials for the efficient conversion of waste heat into electricity requires simultaneous tuning of their electrical and thermal conductance. A comparative theoretical study of electron and phonon transport in thiophene and ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) based molecular wires is performed. It is shown that modifying thiophene by substituting ethylenedioxy enhances the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT for molecules of the same length. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the electrical conductance of EDOT‐based wires decays more slowly with length than that of thiophene‐based wires and that their thermal conductance is lower. The room‐temperature ZT of undoped EDOT is found to be rather low. However, doping of EDOT by the electron acceptor tolunenesulfunate increases the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductance, while decreasing the thermal conductance, leading to a thermoelectric figure of merit as high as ZT = 2.4.
Composite Colloidal Gels Made of Bisphosphonate‐Functionalized Gelatin and Bioactive Glass Particles for Regeneration of Osteoporotic Bone Defects
Authors: Diba Mani , Camargo Winston A. , Brindisi Mariateresa , Farbod Kambiz , Klymov Alexey , Schmidt Stephan , Harrington Matthew J. , Draghi Lorenza , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Jansen John A. , van den Beucken Jeroen J. J. P. , Leeuwenburgh Sander C. G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInjectable composite colloidal gels are developed for regeneration of osteoporotic bone defects through a bottom‐up assembly from bisphosphonate‐functionalized gelatin and bioactive glass particles. Upon bisphosphonate functionalization, gelatin nanoparticles show superior adhesion toward bioactive glass particles, resulting in elastic composite gels. By tuning their composition, these composite colloidal gels combine mechanical robustness with self‐healing ability. The composite colloidal gels support cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro without requiring any osteogenic supplement. In vivo evaluation of the composite colloidal gels reveals their capacity to support the regeneration of osteoporotic bone defects. Furthermore, the bisphosphonate modification of gelatin induces a therapeutic effect on the peri‐implantation region by enhancing the bone density of the osteoporotic bone tissue. Consequently, these composite colloidal gels offer new therapeutic opportunities for treatment of osteoporotic bone defects.
Tunable Near‐Infrared Organic Nanowire Nanolasers
Authors: Wang Xuedong , Li Zhi‐Zhou , Zhuo Ming‐Peng , Wu Yishi , Chen Shuo , Yao Jiannian , Fu Hongbing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOrganic semiconductor nanowires have inherent advantages, such as amenability to low‐cost, low‐temperature processing, and inherent four‐level energy systems, which will significantly contribute to the organic solid‐state lasers (OSSLs) and miniaturized laser devices. However, the realization of near‐infrared (NIR) organic nanowire lasers is always a big challenge due to the difficultly in fabrication of organic nanowires with diameters of ≈100 nm and material issues such as low photoluminescence quantum efficiency in the red‐NIR region. What is more, the achievement of wavelength‐tunable OSSLs has also encountered enormous challenge. This study first demonstrates the 720 nm NIR lasing with a low lasing threshold of ≈1.4 µJ cm−2 from the organic single‐crystalline nanowires, which are self‐assembled from small organic molecules of (E)‐3‐(4‐(dimethylamino)‐2‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐(1‐hydroxynaphthalen‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one through a facile solution‐phase growth method. Notably, these individual nanowires' Fabry–Pérot cavity can alternatively provide the red‐NIR lasing action at 660 or 720 nm from the 0–1 or 0–2 radiative transition channels, and the single (660 or 720 nm)/dual‐wavelength (660 and 720 nm) laser action can be achieved by modulating the length of these organic nanowires due to the intrinsic self‐absorption. These easily‐fabricated organic nanowires are natural laser sources, which offer considerable promise for coherent light devices integrated on the optics microchip.
Spiro‐Bridged Ladder‐Type Oligo(para‐phenylene)s: Fine Tuning Solid State Structure and Optical Properties
Authors: Kobin Björn , Schwarz Jutta , Braun‐Cula Beatrice , Eyer Moritz , Zykov Anton , Kowarik Stefan , Blumstengel Sylke , Hecht Stefan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA set of ladder‐type quaterphenyls with an incremental number of spiro‐bifluorene units in the bridge positions as well as an in‐plane bent quaterphenyl carrying all bridges on one and the same side of the ribbon are synthesized and characterized. While spiro‐bifluorene substituents lead to bathochromically shifted maxima in the UV–vis absorption spectra, this effect can be compensated by in‐plane bending. The influence of different deposition techniques on the solid state structure is analyzed by X‐ray diffraction of single crystals obtained by crystallization from solution as well as sublimation. An increasing number of spiro‐bifluorene substituents are found to aid thin‐film formation.
Organ‐On‐A‐Chip Platforms: A Convergence of Advanced Materials, Cells, and Microscale Technologies
Authors: Ahadian Samad , Civitarese Robert , Bannerman Dawn , Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein , Lu Rick , Wang Erika , Davenport‐Huyer Locke , Lai Ben , Zhang Boyang , Zhao Yimu , Mandla Serena , Korolj Anastasia , Radisic Milica 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSignificant advances in biomaterials, stem cell biology, and microscale technologies have enabled the fabrication of biologically relevant tissues and organs. Such tissues and organs, referred to as organ‐on‐a‐chip (OOC) platforms, have emerged as a powerful tool in tissue analysis and disease modeling for biological and pharmacological applications. A variety of biomaterials are used in tissue fabrication providing multiple biological, structural, and mechanical cues in the regulation of cell behavior and tissue morphogenesis. Cells derived from humans enable the fabrication of personalized OOC platforms. Microscale technologies are specifically helpful in providing physiological microenvironments for tissues and organs. In this review, biomaterials, cells, and microscale technologies are described as essential components to construct OOC platforms. The latest developments in OOC platforms (e.g., liver, skeletal muscle, cardiac, cancer, lung, skin, bone, and brain) are then discussed as functional tools in simulating human physiology and metabolism. Future perspectives and major challenges in the development of OOC platforms toward accelerating clinical studies of drug discovery are finally highlighted.
Planar‐Structure Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency beyond 21%
Authors: Jiang Qi , Chu Zema , Wang Pengyang , Yang Xiaolei , Liu Heng , Wang Ye , Yin Zhigang , Wu Jinliang , Zhang Xingwang , You Jingbi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLow temperature solution processed planar‐structure perovskite solar cells gain great attention recently, while their power conversions are still lower than that of high temperature mesoporous counterpart. Previous reports are mainly focused on perovskite morphology control and interface engineering to improve performance. Here, this study systematically investigates the effect of precise stoichiometry, especially the PbI2 contents on device performance including efficiency, hysteresis and stability. This study finds that a moderate residual of PbI2 can deliver stable and high efficiency of solar cells without hysteresis, while too much residual PbI2 will lead to serious hysteresis and poor transit stability. Solar cells with the efficiencies of 21.6% in small size (0.0737 cm2) and 20.1% in large size (1 cm2) with moderate residual PbI2 in perovskite layer are obtained. The certificated efficiency for small size shows the efficiency of 20.9%, which is the highest efficiency ever recorded in planar‐structure perovskite solar cells, showing the planar‐structure perovskite solar cells are very promising.
Realization of High‐Performance Screen‐Printed Flexible Thermoelectric Generator by Improving Contact Characteristics
Authors: Kim Yong Jun , Kim Sun Jin , Choi Hyeongdo , Kim Choong Sun , Lee Gyusoup , Park Sang Hyun , Cho Byung Jin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo fabricate a flexible thermoelectric generator (f‐TEG) that can be applied to curvilinear surfaces such as the human body, the screen‐printing technique is a practical method for forming the thermoelectric (TE) elements. One of the main obstacles to fabricating high‐performance screen‐printed f‐TEGs is the high contact resistance. In this work, the output power of a screen‐printed f‐TEG is increased by 80% through engineering of the contact and its formation process. Reduction ambient annealing is a process that removes the surface oxides while modulating the tellurium (Te) concentration on the surface, easily forming a favorable intermetallic compound at the contact interface. The wetting angle of the solder is also drastically reduced by applying an anti‐diffusion bilayer. Using these methods, the specific contact resistivity (ρC) is reduced from 8.2 to 3.3 × 10−6 Ω cm−2 and 75 to 4.7 × 10−6 Ω cm−2 for p‐ and n‐type TE material respectively. The device figure of merit measured for one leg is increased from 0.301 to 0.595 and 0.247 to 0.481 for p‐ and n‐type respectively. The improved contact characteristics result in an increase in the output power of the complete module (a 72‐couple f‐TEG) from 0.25 to 0.4 W at a temperature difference of 40K.
Manipulating Superparamagnetic Microparticles with an Electromagnetic Needle
Authors: Cenev Zoran , Zhang Hongbo , Sariola Veikko , Rahikkala Antti , Liu Dongfei , Santos Hélder A. , Zhou Quan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSelective, precise, and high‐throughput manipulation of individual superparamagnetic microparticles has profound applications in performing location‐tailored in vitro biomedical studies. The current techniques for manipulation of microparticles allow only a single particle in the manipulation workspace, or simultaneous transportation of multiple microparticles in batches. In this work, a method based on a robotized electromagnetic needle for manipulation of individual superparamagnetic microparticles within a microparticle population is introduced. By automatically controlling the highly localized magnetic field of the needle, a single microparticle is selectively picked when its neighboring particle is few micrometers away. Supported by the nanometer resolution of the robotic positioner, particles are placed at sub‐micrometer precision. This manipulation technique allows the creating of arbitrary patterns, sorting of microparticles based on size and morphology, and transporting of individual microparticles in 3D space. Therefore, this approach has the potential to enable more deterministic and quantitative microanalysis and microsynthesis using superparamagnetic microparticles.