bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifting eating to the circadian rest phase misaligns the peripheral clocks with the master SCN clock and leads to a metabolic syndrome
Authors: Mukherji Atish , Kobiita Ahmad , Damara Manohar , Misra Nisha , Meziane Hamid , Champy Marie-France , Chambon Pierre 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Mounting epidemiological and genetic evidence suggests that the disruption of circadian rhythms is at the origin of pathologies. It is known that people who are engaged in shift work and exhibit a shifted feeding schedule often develop a cohort of metabolic pathologies including diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. However, the molecular mechanisms that are at the origin of these pathologies are poorly understood. Using mice, we now revealed at the molecular level how metabolic alterations generated on shifting the eating schedule from the normal active phase to the rest phase creates a misalignment’ between the central and peripheral circadian clocks. Importantly, we demonstrate that this misalignment progressively induces a metabolic pathological syndrome similar to that observed in shift workers.
The casposon-encoded Cas1 protein from Aciduliprofundum boonei is a DNA integrase that generates target site duplications
Authors: Hickman Alison B. , Dyda Fred 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Many archaea and bacteria have an adaptive immune system known as CRISPR which allows them to recognize and destroy foreign nucleic acid that they have previously encountered. Two CRISPR-associated proteins, Cas1 and Cas2, are required for the acquisition step of adaptation, in which fragments of foreign DNA are incorporated into the host CRISPR locus. Cas1 genes have also been found scattered in several archaeal and bacterial genomes, unassociated with CRISPR loci or other cas proteins. Rather, they are flanked by nearly identical inverted repeats and enclosed within direct repeats, suggesting that these genetic regions might be mobile elements (‘casposons’). To investigate this possibility, we have characterized the in vitro activities of the putative Cas1 transposase (‘casposase’) from Aciduliprofundum boonei. The purified Cas1 casposase can integrate both short oligonucleotides with inverted repeat sequences and a 2.8 kb excised mini-casposon into target DNA. Casposon integration occurs without target specificity and generates 14–15 basepair target site duplications, consistent with those found in casposon host genomes. Thus, Cas1 casposases carry out similar biochemical reactions as the CRISPR Cas1-Cas2 complex but with opposite substrate specificities: casposases integrate specific sequences into random target sites, whereas CRISPR Cas1-Cas2 integrates essentially random sequences into a specific site in the CRISPR locus.
Revision Forefoot: Technique for Salvage After First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthroplasty With Arthrodesis
Authors: Jackson Lyle , Roster Brent , Kreulen Christopher , Giza Eric 
Published: November 2015

Failure of a first metatarsophalangeal joint arthroplasty can be a debilitating condition for the patient and a challenging condition for the treating surgeon. This technique article highlights 2 techniques: the use of a tricortical iliac crest bone block allograft and also distal tibia autograft for metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis and management of the bony defect.
Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Welfare gains, risk-sharing and Africa’s monetary union projects
Authors: Nnyanzi John Bosco 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the welfare gains from risk sharing among African countries and regional groupings in Africa that are planning to establish monetary unions either in the short or longrun.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper empirically tested two hypothesis; potential welfare gains and unexploited welfare gains. It uses a utility-based measure to quantify the gains that would accrue from joining a risk sharing arrangement such as a monetary union. The regional groupings considered include the African Union (AU), the Economic Community of West Africa (ECOWAS), the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the East African Community (EAC).

Findings
– The results provide support for both hypotheses. Overall, the average potential welfare for AU, EAC, ECOWAS and SADC groups under full risk sharing are found to be 1.9, 2, 3.4 and 1.6 percent, respectively, each higher than the 1 percent estimated for the OECD countries and 0.6 percent for the 14-EU countries. The average unexploited gains are, however, even bigger for AU at 3.5 percent, ECOWAS at 8.6 percent and for SADC at 2.6 percent.

Practical implications
– The finding of enormous potential welfare gains could partly reinforce the desire of the African countries to establish monetary unions. On the other hand, the paper provides insights to policy makers in designing policies to promote risk sharing given the finding that the unexploited welfare gains are on average still too low – implying that many African countries or groups still have very low risk sharing.

Originality/value
– Previous studies on welfare gains and risk sharing have basically left out the African regional groupings and never related the issue of gains to the monetary union projects. Besides, previous studies focus on unexploited welfare gains at the expense of total potential welfare gains. Considering the two types, however, presents a more complete picture of total gains from joining any risk sharing arrangement such as a monetary union.
Does access to local markets influence child labor? Evidence from rural Uganda
Authors: Muhumuza Tony 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between access to rural product markets and the extent and nature of child labor. It is built on the view that if physical markets can shape rural development through, for instance, influencing prices, household production decisions, and employment, the associated activity growth could increase child labor.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using the Uganda National Household Survey, the author combines two methodological approaches: first, a probit model to estimate the probability of a child engaging in labor, and second, a double-hurdle model to analyze the hours of child work.

Findings
– The author finds that children increase time in domestic work when local product markets are distant, while their time in economic activity declines. A similar pattern is observed for the incidence of child labor. The likelihood of child labor in domestic activity increases for each extra hour of travel to the market, while child labor in economic activity declines. This could reflect the possibility that households may switch child work from market-oriented activities to domestic work when they are remotely located from markets. Results confirm findings from earlier cross-country studies that access to product markets may be detrimental to children. Second, they demonstrate that the effect of the markets varies, depending on the age of children, as well as the nature of the work they engage in.

Originality/value
– No part of this work has been published anywhere before.
Corporate social responsibility in South Africa: quo vadis?
Authors: Coldwell David Alastair Lindsay , Joosub Tasneem 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– Strategies and policies aimed at alleviating poverty in Sub-Saharan African countries usually depend on capitalistically driven economic growth. However, the view that capitalism needs to reinvent itself to survive the crisis of confidence brought about by the recent global financial collapse depends on the extent to which such a shared value oriented, sustainable capitalist reinvention is embraced by emergent business leaders. A sustainable system of capitalism driven by business and community shared value can only take root if the hearts and minds of future business leaders are convinced of their cogency and appropriateness. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– This paper reports the findings of an empirical study utilizing a Likert-type scale designed to measure corporate shared value (CSV) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) among a sample of fourth year accountancy students at a leading South African university.Findings– Preliminary findings suggest that perceptions of this group of emergent leaders generally regard CSR rather than CSV as the “correct” business model for companies to follow. Although the sample is limited to one South African university and is relatively small, it contributes to the literature by offering insight into emergent business leaders’ perceptions and their view of the direction of CSR in South Africa should take.Research limitations/implications– Implications of the paper are that by offering insight into emergent business leaders’ perceptions of South African society and specifically their view of the direction South African CSR should take, the paper suggests prescriptive remedial steps in policy that educational and other learning institutions could take to engender appropriate social values in learners.Originality/value– The study contributes to the literature by offering devised and tested measuring instruments for CSR and CSV in the South African context and gives insight into emergent business leaders’ perceptions and their view of the direction of CSR in South Africa should take.
Innovations in financing of agri-food value chains in China and India
Authors: Chen Kevin Z , Joshi Pramod K , Cheng Enjiang , Birthal Pratap S 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to synthesize lessons from the agricultural value chain models and their associated financing mechanisms in China and India as to provide policy recommendations on how best to facilitate development of efficient and inclusive value chains.Design/methodology/approach– The paper builds on a review of the existing literature on agricultural value chains and their financing mechanisms, and draws lessons from it for strengthening interface between product and financial markets in order to enable smallholders capture benefits of the value addition.Findings– From the comparative review of value chain financing mechanisms and current policy contexts the authors find dominance of internal financing of value chains (in terms of provision of inputs, technology and services) in both the countries. Value chain finance from commercial banks and other financial institutions is limited and mainly through tripartite agreements among the financing institutions, lead firms and farmers.Practical implications– The lessons drawn from various value chain models and their financing mechanisms provide feedback to financial institutions and policymakers to take measures to strengthen value chain finance in smallholder agriculture.Originality/value– The paper undertakes a rigorous review of the existing value chain models and their financing mechanisms in light of the most recent research on emerging innovations and development strategies, in order to glean key lessons for policy recommendations on strengthening linkages between financial and product markets.
A comparative analysis of agricultural research and extension reforms in China and India
Authors: Babu Suresh Chandra , Huang Jikun , Venkatesh P. , Zhang Yumei 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– There is growing interest from the global development community in the role of agricultural research and extension (AR & E) systems to achieve development targets. Despite this interest, many smallholders in developing countries continue to lack access to updated agricultural information and reliable services. In an effort to increase the effectiveness, impact, and reach of AR & E programs, many governments have attempted to reform their national systems. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– This paper systematically compares the systems and reforms of AR & E in China and India in order to draw out lessons applicable to developing countries. This paper first reviews the existing literature on AR & E systems and their role in agricultural and economic development. The authors then provide a detailed review and comparative analysis of the reforms and approaches implemented in the AR & E systems of China and India. The authors apply this comparative analysis to draw out lessons that can be applied to inform the reformation of AR & E systems in developing countries.Findings– The authors find that although both countries face similar agricultural development challenges, each took a different approach in the reformation of AR & E to address these challenges. Each country’s approaches had different impacts on the effectiveness of the system. Lessons from the reformation of the AR & E systems in China and India can be used to inform and improve the impact of AR & E in developing countries.Originality/value– The paper examines two systems together using a set of common indicators and factors. The paper’s value comes from its usefulness in informing future AR & E reforms in other developing countries in order to increase the impact of these reforms on development outcomes.
Linkages between poverty, food security and undernutrition: evidence from China and India
Authors: de Brauw Alan , Suryanarayana MH 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– China and India are two of the fastest growing economies in the world, and poverty reduction has been substantial in both countries through the past few decades. Yet they have very different profiles in terms of food security and undernutrition – while at the micro-level China has performed well in terms of undernutrition, India has not. The purpose of this paper is to examine linkages between poverty, food security, and undernutrition in both countries.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper, the authors discuss the linkages between poverty, food security, and undernutrition at the micro level, describe the literature, and make inferences for targeting the remaining poor, food insecure, or undernourished in both countries.

Findings
– In China, there is a need for better tools for targeting the poor or malnourished. In India, more effective state-level policies should be better understood by the central government and disseminated to less successful states.

Originality/value
– In this paper, the authors describe data sources on poverty, food security, and undernutrition in both China and India, and correlates with changes in all three. The authors try to understand what factors appear to lead to reductions in all three, pointing out data gaps in both countries.
Integrating knowledge and aerospace
Authors: Foo Check Teck , Wu Weiwei , Yu Bo 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to answer the question “will China overtake the USA in the space race?” This paper reviews China’s recent progress in aerospace while developing a wind theory of change to underline the geographic spread of various empires over the past thousand years, a topic studied by one of China’s most prestigious historians, Sima Qian, with a specific interest in 2,500 years of the rise and fall of Chinese kingdoms. Based on the wind theory, China is geared to overtake the USA in the twenty-first century space race. Historically, Chinese have always been fascinated with outer space, and it is felt by many Chinese that the USA, despite its current lead in the field, should work with China to explore outer space.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper introduces the philosophy and methodology of Sima Qian for Chinese management, in particular his analytical approach and drawing of lessons from past cases (dynasties) for managing the future which can be considered clearly reminiscent of the Harvard case approach. Evolving from this broad study of patterns by Sima Qian, a wind theory methodology is suggested using an overview of patterns over vast stretches of time, in this case from the Tang dynasty. Etymological analyses are embarked upon to illustrate how the ancient Chinese were interested in learning more about the outer space. Conceptual models are developed to map the current nascent space industry.

Findings
– After outlining the current developments made by China in aerospace, the overall analysis suggests the following: based on the wind theory of change, China will overtake the USA even in race into space. Given their historical fascination with outer space, Chinese are likely to enter the business of space at the opportune time. When will that be? Most likely when appropriate technologies have been developed, in particular developing safe moon tours for tourists.

Practical implications
– Suggests a futuristic look at the space industry that China can enter the market at the opportune time. With their long-term fascination with outer space, China may potentially be the largest market for those in space business.

Originality/value
– Introduces a new idea of looking into the future possibilities as embedded in the wind theory of change: the geographical patterns in the rise and fall of empires. If this pattern holds, China will overtake the USA including in the race for outer space. For the first time, this paper draws the relevance of Sima Qian’s analytical, case-based methods for management.
Yes Bank: bringing sustainability in agriculture through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)
Authors: Jaisinghani Dinesh , Tandon Deepak 
Published: November 2015

Structured abstract
Subject Area: Strategy – dealing with a particular type of strategic alliance (Public Private Partnership) as a strategy to enter a new business segment.

Study level/applicability
MBA and other similar programs at the postgraduation level.

Case overview
The current case deals with Yes Bank, one of the largest private sector banks in India. The main objective of the case is to help the students to understand the banking industry, and the structure and implementation of Public–Private Partnership (PPP) at a large Indian Bank. The case also intends to highlight the cost and revenue drivers for a particular industry. Yes Bank is contemplating entering into the Indian Agricultural financing sector that has huge potential. The case describes how to analyze the sector using Porter's five force model. Also, there are several modes of entering the sector, including joint-ventures, mergers, direct investments and PPPs. The case describes the benefits and issues associated with each of the mentioned strategies. Further, the case also describes the challenges and benefits of PPPs as a mode of generating growth opportunities.

Expected learning outcomes
The case can be a part of a banking course as well as a strategy course. The current case allows the students to make decisions while dealing with situations pertaining to sustainable development and implementation of PPPs. The major expected learning outcomes of the current case are: to be able to understand industry structure, using the banking sector as an example; to be able to list down the revenue and cost drivers for Indian banks; to be able to identify investment drivers for a particular industry, such as agriculture; to be able to analyze the agricultural financing industry using the Porter's five force model; to be able to analyze different modes of entering a new sector and the challenges associated with each one of them; and to be able to comprehend the role of PPPs in entering new areas of business.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Critical design characteristics for online retail stores in India
Authors: Prakash Gyan , Sahney Sangeeta , Kavdia Divyan 
Published: November 2015

Subject area
E-commerce.

Study level/applicability
The case study is specific to the marketing demographics of online Indian shoppers and therefore, the inter-relationship between certain customer requirements and design elements and the relative importance of items in the latter may not follow the same pattern elsewhere.

Case overview
At a time when e-commerce is booming in India and when online retailers are posting multifold year-on-year growth, it becomes increasingly important to identify the factors pertaining to online stores which can influence the buying behavior of consumers. This case aims to explore such factors relevant to businesses as well as consumers so as to enable the next generation of leaders in online retail business to gain maximally. It deals with critical design characteristics of online retail stores in India which can prove crucial to their success. These characteristics are manifestations of various customer requirements. Two surveys are conducted to establish a hierarchy of design elements and quantify the inter-relationships between customer requirements and design characteristics. This is followed by leads as to which factors may or may not have contributed toward the declining sales volume of an e-commerce start-up, namely, E-Bazaar.

Expected learning outcomes
The learning objectives of the case include: the study of design characteristics with respect to their relative importance; the analysis of the degree of relationships between the design characteristics and customer requirements; and the interpretation of real-life signs in taking strategic business decisions in the field of e-commerce. The case aims to prepare a new breed of leaders in the e-commerce sector with a good level of relevant business acumen to help them make informed strategic choices.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Strategizing business in times of crisis: the story of Sarawak layered cake
Authors: Latip Hamrila A. , Md Yusoff Irma Yazreen , Hanapi Sapiee 
Published: November 2015

Subject area
Management, business studies, entrepreneurship, public relations or communications.

Study level/applicability
This case study is suitable for certificate, diploma and degree programmes in management, business studies, entrepreneurship, public relations or communications.

Case overview
In this case study, there are three issues related to the halal controversy with the Sarawak layered cake that aimed at business competitiveness, namely, business perseverance during turbulent times; creativity and innovation for business growth; and expansion strategy. The halal controversy of an imported butter affected Di Wannie's business to a great extent. The “Imported X” butter was then declared to be halal after further investigation by the Islamic Advisory Committee, but the business impacts from the controversy took longer to vanish.

Expected learning outcomes
By the end of the discussion, students should have a clear concept of the various elements that constituted Di Wannie's business strategies, as well as the elements that constituted a Sarawak layered-cake industry strategy. Students should realize that the business model for a cake and pastry company is more complex because it not only involves building competency in cake production and marketing but also involves continuous innovation in recipe and baking process development, experimentation, sensitivity and ethical consumerism.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.