bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multigrid Reduction for Coupled Flow Problems with Application to Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Wang Lu , Osei-Kuffuor Daniel , Falgout Rob , Mishev Ilya , Li Jizhou 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Applications in geosciences, such as reservoir modeling, continue to grow in both size and complexity. Simulations are increasingly complex as they couple more physical phenomena over larger physical domains. As a result, the linear system that arises from the numerical solution of these problems can be challenging to solve by iterative methods. Simulators require advanced algebraic solvers that are robust enough to handle the anisotropies, heterogeneities and coupling between the physical variables, and scalable enough to handle large-scale solution on high performance parallel systems. Multigrid solvers are a class of iterative solvers that are scalable and efficient for solving linear systems that arise from large-scale applications. However, applications with multiple physical unknowns pose a challenge for standard multigrid techniques, particularly when the coupling between the unknowns is strong. In this paper, we present our efforts to develop a multigrid-preconditioned Krylov solver, where the preconditioner is based on the multigrid reduction framework. This preconditioner is designed to represent the coupling between the physical variables of the reservoir modeling equations and account for the underlying physics of the system. Two-stage preconditioners, such as the well-known constrained pressure residual (CPR) approach and its variants like CPR-AMG, have been commonly used in reservoir simulation applications. We discuss how these current solver strategies may be interpreted within the multigrid reduction framework to better understand the different variations. Finally, we present techniques for improving the MGR approach and present results on solver performance on examples from reservoir modeling.
K-Values Based Non-Equilibrium Formulation for Upscaling of Compositional Simulation
Authors: Salehi A. , Voskov D. V. , Tchelepi H. A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes involve complex flow, transport, and thermodynamic interactions; as a result, compositional simulation is necessary for accurate representation of the physics. Flow simulation of compositional systems with high-resolution reservoir models is computationally intensive because of the large number of unknowns and the strong nonlinear interactions. Thus, there is a great need for upscaling methods of compositional processes. The complex multiscale interactions between the phase behavior and the heterogeneities lie at the core of the difficulty in constructing consistent upscaling procedures.
We employ a mass-conservative formulation and introduce upscaled phase molar mobility functions for coarse- scale modeling of multiphase flow. These upscaled flow functions account for the sub-grid effects due to the absolute and relative permeabilities variations, as well as the effects of compressibility. Upscaling of the phase behavior is performed as follows. We assume that instantaneous thermodynamic equilibrium is valid on the fine scale, and we derive coarse-scale equations, in which the phase behavior may not necessarily be at equilibrium. The upscaled thermodynamic functions, which represent differences in the component fugacities, are employed to account for the non-equilibrium effects on the coarse scale. We demonstrate that the upscaled phase-behavior functions transform the equilibrium phase space on the fine scale to a region of similar shape, but with tilted tie- lines on the coarse space. The numerical framework uses K-values that depend on the orientation of the tie-lines in the new non-equilibrium phase space and the sign of upscaled thermodynamic functions.
The proposed methodology is applied to challenging gas-injection problems with large numbers of components and highly heterogeneous permeability fields. The K-value based coarse-scale operator produces results that are in good agreement with the fine-scale solutions for the quantities of interest, including the component overall compositions and saturation distributions.
Fully-Coupled XFEM-EDFM Hybrid Model for Geomechanics and Flow in Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Ren Guotong , Jiang Jiamin , Younis Rami M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A mixed discretization approach is propsed to adequately resolve fracture system while accurately and efficiently modeling both flow and geomechanics. An extended finite element method (XFEM) is applied to approximate the geomechanics, and an embedded-discrete-fracture model (EDFM) is used to model the multiphase flow equations. The two schemes are fully coupled, and the time discretization for flow is fully-implicit. Moreover, a hybrid fracture representation concept is employed where the dual porosity approach is used in conjunction with the embedded discrete representation in order to capture small-scale fracture networks efficiently.
Numerical Simulation of Dual-Porosity Multiphase Flow Using Poroelasticity Theory
Authors: Eker Erdinc , Uzun Ilkay , Kazemi Hossein 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Changes in reservoir pore pressure and temperature during injection or production affect rock deformation, which, in turn, causes alteration of porosity and permeability. Specifically, an increase in pore pressure (or a decrease in rock temperature) can create significant rock deformation and increase of the shear stress that could lead to rock fracturing and microseismic activity in the reservoir. Furthermore, porosity and permeability of rocks decrease because of the pore pressure decrease during depletion. Thus, stress-dependent deformation in hydrocarbon bearing shale formations affects the production decline trends. This paper addresses these issues and presents a computationally efficient in-house numerical simulator for poroelastic dual-porosity reservoirs.
The governing transport equations for the fluid flow and rock deformations use two interacting environments consisting of a continuous fracture medium and a discontinuous rock matrix medium. The transport and rock deformation equations are fully-coupled and solved numerically using a stationary coordinate frame. A proper assignment of rock frame modulus, affected by the interconnected fractures, versus the rock matrix modulus is a major focus of this work. The rock frame modulus is smaller than the matrix modulus. The numerical model is compared to a single-phase model and validated with a closed form of analytical solutions.
We used field data from a fractured unconventional reservoir to assess our formulation. The field data includes flow rates and pressures during an extended production period in the Bakken formation, Williston basin in North Dakota. Finally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to determine the effect of bulk rock deformation on reservoir performance as compared to conventional engineering approaches which utilize pore compressibility without accounting for the bulk rock deformation.
HyperCAL3D, uma ferramenta computacional para o apoio do processo de ensino-aprendizagem de geometria descritiva
Authors: Teixeira Fábio Gonçalves , Dos Santos Sérgio Leandro 
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho apresenta o HyperCAL3D, um aplicativo de apoio ao ensino de Geometria Descritiva, através do estudo de objetos sólidos. São descritas a metodologia utilizada para a sua implementação e as principais funcionalidades do aplicativo. Foi realizada uma seleção de conceitos a fim de determinar a estrutura funcional que o software deveria atender. A partir disso, foram modeladas as principais funcionalidades através de processos de Geometria vetorial equivalentes aos utilizados na Geometria Descritiva. Dentre as principais funcionalidades apresentadas destacam-se: o processo de projeção, a representação de linhas ocultas no modelo tridimensional e nas projeções, vistas auxiliares sucessivas em tempo real e em 3D, representação em épura e o processo de interseção. Todas estas ferramentas são implementadas em um aplicativo que auxilia o processo de aprendizagem dos alunos e os procedimentos didáticos dos professores.
Design centrado no humano na definição das diretrizes do projeto de óculos infantil: a contribuição dos oftalmopediatras
Authors: Chaves Iana Garofalo , Taralli Cibele Haddad 
Published: February 2017

Para o projeto do produto “óculos”, principalmente para o público infantil, demanda estudos e pesquisas, não somente para resoluções formais e estéticas, mas sim para os aspectos perceptivos, subjetivos e emocionais, que despertem a afeição deste público. Para isto, aplicando a metodologia do Design Centrado no Humano (DCH), são considerados os seguintes stakeholders: as crianças, os pais, os oftalmologistas, os atendentes das óticas e os designers e fabricantes de óculos. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar a contribuição dos oftalmologistas para as diretrizes do projeto de óculos infantil. O método definido para coletar informações com os oftalmopediatras foi a entrevista individual. Inicialmente para tal, foram preparadas tópicos/perguntas guias, e em seguida, foram selecionados e contactados os profissionais e realizadas as entrevistas durante os meses de agosto e setembro de 2013. Posteriormente foi realizada a transcrição, análise do conteúdo coletado e definida as conclusões prévias. De acordo com oftalmologistas, a correção, através dos óculos, dependerá de um bom exame, uma boa confecção da lente e uma armação adequada. Por fim, o produto deve ser abordado de forma positiva, lidando com a patologia de forma natural, mantendo assim a auto-estima da criança em relação ao uso.
Anatomia humana por aplicativos de dispositivos móveis
Authors: Andrade Wiliam Machado , Vieira Milton Luiz Horn , Gonçalves Berenice Santos 
Published: February 2017

Em tempos de debates acerca do papel da dissecação cadavérica e sua importância para o ensino de anatomia, quando a prática vem sendo reduzida nos currículos médicos, lojas virtuais de aplicativos para dispositivos móveis passaram a oferecer produtos voltados à apresentação das características do corpo humano. O objetivo do presente texto é discutir a pertinência desses produtos como material de ensino mediado, a partir da análise de um programa voltado à morfologia disponível para tablets e smartphones. Para tanto, a partir de uma abordagem exploratória e descritiva, realizou-se a análise de um exemplo, o aplicativo Visual Anatomy Free, tendo em vista o potencial instrucional do conteúdo e os elementos de interface, observando se nele se apresentam possibilidades de inclusão de tais meios digitais no contexto dos estudos anatômicos.
Perception Of Nursing Middle Managers About The Evidence-Based Management
Authors: Spiri Wilza Carla , Kurcgant Paulina , Pereira Maria Valeria 
Published: February 2017

Objective: to comprehend the experience of nursing middle managers of an accredited public hospital, from São Paulo state, about the evidence-based management.
Method: case study and analysis of thematic content in the stages of unity of meaning, condensed meaning unity, interpretation of the underlying meaning, sub-theme and theme. Nine manager nurses participated. The data collection was done through a script with questions that, according to the convenience of the participants, were answered by electronic mail. The data were analyzed in the light of the theoretical reference of the managerial process in nursing and the evidence-based management.
Results: six themes were revealed: Evidence-based management and management process; Evidence-based management strengths; Evidence-based management challenges; the leader and the Evidence-based management; Hospital accreditation and evidence-based management and Experiences with the evidence-based management.
Conclusion: the scientific knowledge and the experiences in the work are sources of evidences that interfere, positively, in the quality and safety of the patient. Leadership training, planning, team empowerment and involvement are essential for the development of this practice. Strategies need to be discussed and implemented so that the management process is based on evidences.
Incarcerated Health: Profile Of The Multidisciplinary Team Provider Of Health Assistance In Prisons
Authors: Cartaxo Gomes de Arruda Aurilene Josefa , Cavalcanti da Silva Cesar , Caxias de Souza Maurício , Tavares da Fonseca Leila de Cássia , Costa de Santana Sely 
Published: February 2017

Objective: draw a profile of the multidisciplinary team provider of health assistence in prisions.
Method: an exploratory and descriptive study developed at the Instituto Libertador Penitentiary Sílvio Porto, a medium security establishment, located in the municipality of João Pessoa-PB.
Results: the health care of prisoners has not been developed in order to comply with the legislation established in the National Health Plan of the Penitentiary System (PNSSP), since it does not meet its numerical prerequisite.
Conclusion: it is urgent to propose and implement differentiated forms of work organization that have an impact on the process and on the quality of care provided to individuals with deprivation of liberty.
Keywords: Health; Prisons; Patient Care Team
The Pivotal Role of CXCR7 in Stabilization of the Pulmonary Epithelial Barrier in Acute Pulmonary Inflammation
Authors: Ngamsri Kristian-Christos , Müller Anika , Bösmüller Hans , Gamper-Tsigaras Jutta , Reutershan Jörg , Konrad Franziska M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Acute pulmonary inflammation is still a frightening complication in intensive care units and has a high mortality. Specific treatment is not available, and many details of the pathomechanism remain unclear. The recently discovered chemokine receptor CXCR7 and its ligand stromal cell–derived factor (SDF)-1 are known to be involved in inflammation. We chose to investigate the detailed role of CXCR7 in a murine model of LPS inhalation. Inflammation increased pulmonary expression of CXCR7, and the receptor was predominantly expressed on pulmonary epithelium and on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMNs) after transepithelial migration into the alveolar space. Specific inhibition of CXCR7 reduced transepithelial PMN migration by affecting the expression of adhesion molecules. CXCR7 antagonism reduced the most potent PMN chemoattractants CXCL1 and CXCL2/3. After inhibiting CXCR7, NF-κB phosphorylation was reduced in lungs of mice, tight junction formation increased, and protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage diminished, showing the impact of CXCR7 on stabilizing microvascular permeability. In vitro studies with human cells confirmed the pivotal role of CXCR7 in pulmonary epithelium. Immunofluorescence of human lungs confirmed our in vivo data and showed an increase of the expression of CXCR7 in pulmonary epithelium. Highlighting the clinical potential of CXCR7 antagonism, nebulization of the agent before and after the inflammation showed impressive anti-inflammatory effects. Additional CXCR7 inhibition potentiated the effect of SDF-1 antagonism, most probably by downregulating SDF-1 and the second receptor of the chemokine (CXCR4) expression. In conclusion, our data identified the pivotal role of the receptor CXCR7 in pulmonary inflammation with a predominant effect on the pulmonary epithelium and PMNs.
Taking Our Seat at the Table: Community Cancer Survivorship
Authors: Polo Katie M. , Smith Caitlin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Cancer survivors are at risk for occupational performance issues related to activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, work, and social and community participation. Occupational therapy practitioners can address these performance issues by offering services within existing community cancer survivorship programs that focus on adaptive and compensatory strategies to facilitate meaningful lifestyles and optimize health and well-being. Occupational therapy services do not currently exist at these community sites, nor are occupational therapy practitioners recognized as providers in existing community cancer survivorship programs. Recognition of practitioners’ distinct value in cancer survivorship, advocacy for occupational therapy services in the community, development of supporting documentation for occupational therapy’s role in community survivorship, and research on the efficacy of interventions in community cancer survivorship are needed to expand occupational therapy’s role with this growing population.
Strategies for Proximal Femoral Nailing of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures: Lateral Decubitus Position or Traction Table
Authors: Sonmez Mesut Mehmet , Camur Savas , Erturer Erden , Ugurlar Meric , Kara Adnan , Ozturk Irfan 
Published: February 2017

Background:The aim of this prospective randomized study was to compare the traction table and lateral decubitus position techniques in the management of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.Methods:Eighty-two patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures between 2011 and 2013 were included in this study. All patients were treated surgically with the Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation implant (DePuy Synthes). Patients were randomized to undergo the procedure in the lateral decubitus position (42 patients) or with the use of a traction table (40 patients). Patients whose procedure was not performed entirely with a semi-invasive method or who required the use of additional fixation materials, such as cables, were excluded from the study. The groups were compared on the basis of the setup time, surgical time, fluoroscopic exposure time, tip-to-apex distance, collodiaphyseal angle, and modified Baumgaertner criteria for radiologic reduction.Results:The setup time, surgical time, and fluoroscopic exposure time were lower and the differences were statistically significant in the lateral decubitus group compared with the traction table group. The collodiaphyseal angles were significantly different between the groups in favor of the lateral decubitus method. The tip-to-apex distance and the classification of reduction according to the modified Baumgaertner criteria did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the groups.Conclusions:The lateral decubitus position is used for most open procedures of the hip. We found that this position facilitates exposure for the surgical treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures and has advantages over the traction table in terms of set up time, surgical time and fluoroscopic exposure time.
Management of Open Tibial Shaft Fractures: Does the Timing of Surgery Affect Outcomes?
Authors: Duyos Oscar A. , Beaton-Comulada David , Davila-Parrilla Ariel , Perez-Lopez Jose Carlos , Ortiz Krystal , Foy-Parrilla Christian , Lopez-Gonzalez Francisco 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Open tibial shaft fractures require emergent care. Treatment with intravenous antibiotics and fracture débridement within 6 to 24 hours is recommended. Few studies have examined outcomes when surgical treatment is performed >24 hours after occurrence of the fracture.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 227 patients aged ≥18 years with isolated open tibial shaft fractures in whom the time to initial débridement was >24 hours. The statistical analysis was based on time from injury to surgical débridement, Gustilo-Anderson classification, method of fixation, union status, and infection status.

Results:
Fractures débrided within 24 to 48 hours and 48 to 96 hours after injury did not show a statistically significant difference in terms of infection rates (P = 0.984). External fixation showed significantly greater infection rates (P = 0.044) and nonunion rates (P = 0.001) compared with intramedullary nailing.

Conclusion:
Open tibial shaft fractures should be débrided within 24 hours after injury. Our data indicate that after the 24-hour period and up to 4 days, the risk of infection remains relatively constant independent of the time to débridement. Patients treated with external fixation had more complications than did patients treated with other methods of fixation. Primary reamed intramedullary nailing appears to be a reasonable option for the management of Gustilo-Anderson types 1 and 2 open tibial shaft fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Level III retrospective study.
Prosthetic Joint Infections in Patients Undergoing Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Zeng Wenjing , Paul Deborah , Kemp Thomas , Elfar John 
Published: February 2017

Introduction:
Little information is available regarding the rate of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) in patients undergoing carpal tunnel release (CTR) without antibiotic prophylaxis. Hand surgeons should be aware of patients’ history of arthroplasty.

Methods:
All patients who underwent CTR at our institution between 2012 and 2014 were identified and their charts were reviewed to identify those who had a history of total hip, knee, and/or shoulder arthroplasty. Further chart review consisted of identifying a history of PJI, use of perioperative antibiotics, and surgeon awareness of prior arthroplasty.

Results:
Two hundred seventy-five CTR surgeries were performed in patients who had previously undergone total joint arthroplasty (TJA). There were no PJIs in any group of patients (P = 0.01). Hand surgeon awareness of the presence of an arthroplasty history had no discernable effect on the choice to use antibiotics.

Conclusions:
There was a 0% rate of PJI in our series of patients with a history of TJA who underwent CTR. Overall hand surgeon awareness of TJA status was poor or poorly documented. Routine prophylactic antibiotics may not be indicated in patients undergoing CTR, even with the presence of a prosthetic joint.

Level of Evidence:
IV
Functional KRAS mutations and a potential role for PI3K/AKT activation in Wilms tumors
Authors: Polosukhina Dina , Love Harold D. , Correa Hernan , Su Zengliu , Dahlman Kimberly B. , Pao William , Moses Harold L. , Arteaga Carlos L. , Lovvorn Harold N. , Zent Roy , Clark Peter E. 
Published: February 2017

Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal neoplasm of childhood and affects 1 in 10 000 children aged less than 15 years. These embryonal tumors are thought to arise from primitive nephrogenic rests that derive from the metanephric mesenchyme during kidney development and are characterized partly by increased Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. We previously showed that coordinate activation of Ras and β‐catenin accelerates the growth and metastatic progression of a murine WT model. Here, we show that activating KRAS mutations can be found in human WT. In addition, high levels of phosphorylated AKT are present in the majority of WT. We further show in a mouse model and in renal epithelial cells that Ras cooperates with β‐catenin to drive metastatic disease progression and promotes in vitro tumor cell growth, migration, and colony formation in soft agar. Cellular transformation and metastatic disease progression of WT cells are in part dependent on PI3K/AKT activation and are inhibited via pharmacological inhibition of this pathway. Our studies suggest both KRAS mutations and AKT activation are present in WT and may represent novel therapeutic targets for this disease.