bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping of Oil and Gas Companies' Policy Commitment to Respect Human Rights
Authors: Hansen Thomas Trier 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Oil and gas companies are recommended to develop a policy commitment to respect human rights and to communicate their commitment publicly. This recommendation is based on the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. This study assesses, based on accessible information on the Internet, if the 35 largest oil and gas companies in term of revenues from Asia, Europe, North and South America, the Middle East and Australia in fact are implementing the recommendation. The study also attempts to assess, if the implementation of the recommendation varies depending on a company's origin and nature of ownership. The study shows that the majority of companies state – explicitly or implicitly – that they are committed to respecting human rights and often with a reference to UN Global Compact. The exception is companies headquartered in Middle East countries. All companies in the study recognize the importance of corporate social responsibility. The majority understands human rights as what is referenced in the UN Universal Declaration on Human Rights, and there are indications that this is regarded as the minimum standard for conducting business with legitimacy. If the company has an explicit policy commitment, it is approved at the most senior level. The policies assessed do not generally indicate that companies have undertaken a systematic assessment of their potential areas of impact, and the policies apply mostly internally or to business relations but rarely other parties directly linked to its operations, products and services in their application to other than internal of the companies.
Successfully Managing a Large High-Hazard Road Transport Operation Using the Hearts and Minds Tool Driving for Excellence
Authors: Hudson Peter 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Oil exploration and production has a high exposure to many different high-risk activities. Leading among the activities resulting in serious injury and fatalities in the oil and gas industry is road transport. This paper is a case study describing a road transport operation supporting the reconstruction of a port in Benin, West Africa. This required moving 360,000 tons of rock over country roads as well as within a densely populated urban area. The case study involves many activities that the E&P business faces; lessons learned from the successes and failures of the operation apply across a wide range of industries.
The construction site was in the largest city in the country and the materials were to be supplied from a quarry 150km inland. The approach to ensuring a safe operation, including both contractors and third parties, was based upon the Hearts and Minds tool Driving for Excellence, including an outreach to those exposed along the route. Unlike most driving programs that focus on the drivers, Driving for Excellence concentrates on how the contract is managed in its totality. This paper looks at how the contract was set up and managed and impacted the cultures of both the client and the contractors involved. It examines what actions were taken to limit the risks involved and how the contractually mandated health and welfare outreach programs were supplemented to improve health and safety along the entire transport corridor.
The operation was completed on time with no deaths, two casualties (caused in part by third parties) and very few incidents, which was significantly below the initial expectation. There was sufficient flexibility that sub-contractor arrangements could be revisited during the operation as a result of attention to learning.
The paper concludes by looking at what benefits the client, contractors and third parties gained through the conduct of the contract. The results generated sufficient confidence for a contract extension to be awarded to move 180,000 m3 dredged sand, again through the heart of the city, to a storage site in preparation of a beach recharge scheme. This operation was also completed on time with no injuries or major incidents.
Exceling Hse Professional Development Using An Hse Online University
Authors: Breitsprecher K. , Worley L. A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A competent workforce is critical for conducting safe operations and preventing incidents. However, during an economic or industry downturn, there is a tendency to limit the focus on training and stifle the growth of competency programs to reduce costs. These reductions typically have a greater impact on support-role employees such as HSE. Yet, the role of advising and supporting the organization in critical HSE matters falls to the HSE employees. For an organization to remain focused during these challenging periods, it is absolutely essential for HSE professionals at all levels of experience to excel in HSE technical and behavioral aspects.
These external organizational challenges as well as fast-paced innovations in the industry have increased the need to accelerate the development of employees. To keep up with these advances and challenges, competencies of HSE employees need to be accelerated as well. Therefore, innovative training strategies are needed to address cost reductions, excel professional development, and competencies of HSE employees.
This paper describes the development and implementation of a virtual, customizable, and self-paced professional development strategy targeted for HSE employees. The program advances the proficiency of HSE employees by accelerating the development of HSE technical and behavioral competencies. It is designed to ‘excel the HSE professional', resulting in the HSE employee being competent, credible, and a critical business partner to the organization. Preliminary results of the program implementation are highly successful. In addition to successful analytics such as employee participation and a high pass rate, participant testimonials speak to the success and benefit of the program.
Providing an engaging professional development strategy for HSE employees has benefits for the organization and the employee. Participating in the program enhances the HSE employee's motivation, sense of purpose, and dedication to the organization. In addition, the organization excels the competencies of the HSE function, making HSE employees stronger business partners to the organization. Competent HSE employees are credible, able to engage with the organization and provide pertinent HSE advice and support. A competent and driven HSE function that is established as a critical business partner in the organization is important at the best of times, but even more so during economic challenges when maintaining HSE focus is vital.
Health Impact Assessment: Moving From Assessment To Decision Making And Management
Authors: Erickson Heidi S. , Barron Tania , Hunicke Rachel , Drinkwater Ashley , Beck Jacqui 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

SCOPE
While there is a growing body of literature on how to conduct health impact assessments (HIAs) most of the guidance to date focuses on how to conduct health baselines and identify potential impacts. Little information is reported on how to more effectively use assessment results to make practical business decisions at the site level that will help to safeguard community health and manage project risk.

METHOD
The opinion of interdisciplinary HIA practitioners in the oil and gas and extractive sectors were surveyed with the intent of taking the pulse of the HIA community as to the perceived current challenges and opportunities for HIA results to contribute to informing business decisions, managing business decisions, and safeguarding the health of communities within the zone of influence.

RESULTS
Overall, survey respondents had a favorable perspective on the state of HIA based on the surveyed categories. Over half of respondents indicated they perceived HIAs were moving from impact assessment to decision making and management, specifically: 1) HIA mitigations are included in site-wide management plans, 2) HIA mitigations are effective, 3) HIA mitigations were effective at addressing the impact they were meant to manage, and 4) HIA mitigations are responsive to community concerns. Surveyed participants provided potential future steps that might be considered to improve implementation and effectiveness of HIA results at supporting project decision making and managing project risk.

NOVEL/ADDITIVE INFORMATION
This paper represents an initial step to better understand what results private sector HIAs are producing and how these results are being used by the business by presenting an interdisciplinary perspective on the current perceived state of HIA and practical steps to help HIA results become more implementable and effective at supporting project decision making. Thus, supporting a future shift in focus in the field of HIAs from assessment of potentially significant health impacts to improved business decision making and implementation of mitigation solutions to further help safeguard the health of communities and manage project risk.
Adapting Your Assurance Program to Maximize Value in Challenging Times
Authors: Peduzzi Matthew B. , Kuykendall Dina , Brooke-Lander Melanie 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
With the most recent downturn in our industry, companies are under more pressure than ever to find new and better ways to control both their costs and HSE risks. As a result, we must adapt our HSE assurance programs to be most efficient and effective in these challenging times.
Assurance programs that are flexible in their approach and content can actually improve risk management and lower overall costs at the same time. When designed with a more locally owned approach, it can serve as a catalyst to push an already mature HSE management system and culture closer to an incident free workplace.
Flexibility is typically absent from most assurance programs, because they are intentionally designed to align with rigid financial and compliance assurance models. However, where mature HSE management systems already exist, flexibility can readily be incorporated without losing any ground on risk assurance. And, there are multiple ways to achieve flexibility. A cornerstone of our approach is a robust self-assessment process. These self-assessments are co-owned by operations and HSE, and drive accountability and ownership of the process, results and the improvements that follow. With this model, fewer enterprise level (corporate) HSE Management System audits are required. The use of self-assessments more widely across the company results in better overall coverage with less corporate involvement and lower costs. Another technique was to build in the identification of key learnings and an assessment of performance against HSE fundamentals to promote self-discovery of the obstacles standing in the way of incident free operations. Focusing on performance against the fundamentals of HSE allows an operation to look forward, instead of at what's already been done, and engages employees in a meaningful way. This focus on engaging employees and truly understanding how they do their work, provides a higher level of assurance that they are fully recognizing hazards and effectively controlling their risk.
Still another strategy was to increase the breadth and scope of people involved in the audit and risk management processes. Operational business leaders participate in the audit teams, which enhances their HSE acumen and elevates their overall commitment and involvement in HSE. It also provides a natural pathway to share best practices and lessons learned. A multi-faceted assurance program can also integrate quality, consolidate external ISO certifications, and incorporate specialty disciplines such as radiation and focus areas like process safety. Such an integrated but flexible approach eliminates redundancy, maximizes efficiency, and moves the business towards a higher level of operational excellence.
This paper will explain how these concepts were incorporated, describe how a flexible HSE assurance model works, and illustrate specific examples of what has been achieved through our enhanced program.
Impacting Organizational and Safety Performance by Developing a HSE Staff Leadership Program: A Colombian Case Study
Authors: Correa F. , Aranguren L. Varon , Mesa A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The present paper was written to show the implementation and evaluation of a HSE's leadership case study at Mansarovar Energy Colombia Ltd (hereinafter MECL). MECL is a joint venture of two state companies, SINOPEC from China and ONGC from India. HSE programs are designed to cause a transformation process that leads to enhance employee's life skills as part of the HSE area and their workforce readiness. The process should also impact the effectiveness and engagement of the HSE staff.
MECL believes that company values and improvements on the professionals' behaviours can be effectively developed through the combination of academic programs and activities. A lack of cooperation between the HSE's areas reduces the know-how accumulation and sharing and results in a failure to achieve individual, area, and/or corporate goals, as is stated on the balanced scorecard.
For this case study, the HSE leadership program was based on the integration of the principles in effective leadership, into various aspects of day to day company practices, especially for the professionals that work at the oil field.
The implementation process was facilitated by the following pillars: The training and professional development of all HSE staff in leadership principles.The integration of leadership concepts by HSE professionals into HSE meetings, the provision of HSE training material, HSE 24/7 conversations, and a wide range of activities developed with the purpose of fostering the understanding, deployment, and application of these principles into the workers.The maintenance of project's goals, through coaching and group work sessionsThe evaluation of program effectiveness via HR (human resources) and HSE indicators.
The HSE leadership program has led to a world class HSE's culture at MECL. Indicators such as TRIR (Total Recordable Injury Rate), LTIF (Lost Time Injury Frequency) and Severity have remained below the values reported by OGPi for 2013.
In addition, Vehicle Index Frequency (VIF) and spill events stay under control with low values. The results of "Great Place to Work Survey" have increased from 61.5 to 72.4 out of 100 points for the period 2012-2014, which indicates an improved synergy, leadership and alignment with common goals at MECL.
Peer Health Educators Can Promote Worksite and Community Health
Authors: Shannon A. , De La Torre E. , Davis-Street J. , Okala C. , Maulidarman Maulidarman 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Problem Statement
Chronic diseases, communicable and non-communicable, can have a serious impact on the workforce in many global locations and cause more than 60% of all deaths globally (more than 80% of which are in low- and middle-income countries) (Bloom et al., 2011). They are a major cause of poverty, a barrier to economic development, and a neglected global emergency. One means of addressing health promotion and leveraging social support is by mobilizing the workforce itself through peer-based education programs.

Objectives and Scope of Study
This paper will demonstrate how a peer health educator model can be used to facilitate message delivery and adoption of new health behaviors in two business settings in the oil and gas industry – Nigeria and Indonesia. The goal of this model is to reach a greater portion of the Company workforce and enable the ability to improve workforce and community health.

Method
Evidence-based peer health education models will be implemented and evaluated in two locations. These models will then be refined to provide a fit for purpose model than can be deployed in other locations.

Results and Observations
Variables including age, gender, race, religion, socioeconomic status, and life experience may be used by target audiences to determine perceptions of similarity and trust. PHEs are committed employees who volunteer to engage the target audience around various but well defined health issues. Recruiting and training PHEs from the workforce at a ratio of 1:20, and providing resources to guide discussions around health and healthy behaviors has increased the reach of workforce health promotion compared to traditional means. Additionally, through interpersonal exchanges within a social network, workforce members are influenced and supported in their health behavior choices. The PHEs also serve as an easily accessible referral source for workforce members who require additional information.

Conclusions
In the energy industry operations range from remote to office-based and access to reliable health information varies, PHEs can serve as credible health information sources, providers of social support and a means for disseminating important health information.

Applications
Prevention-focused health and wellness programs can have a long term positive impact on workforce and community health in the diverse settings that energy companies operate.

Innovations or Technical Contributions
This paper leverages a public health construct and applies it improve workforce and community health.
Study of different carbon materials for their use as bioanodes in microbial fuel cells
Authors: González-Nava Catalina , Godínez Luis A. , Chávez Abraham U. , Cercado Bibiana , Arriaga Luis G. , Rodríguez-Valadez Francisco J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are capable of removing the organic matter contained in water while generating a certain amount of electrical power at the same time. One of the most important aspects in the operation of MFCs is the formation of biofilms on the anode. Here, we report the characterization of different carbon electrodes and biofilm using a rapid and easy methodology for the growth of biofilms. The biofilms were developed and generated a voltage in less than 4 days, obtaining a maximum of 0.3 V in the cells. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that growth of the biofilm was only on the surface of the electrode, and consequently both carbon cloth Electrochem and carbon cloth Roe materials showed a greater quantity of volatile solids on the surface of the anode and power density. The results suggested that the best support was carbon cloth Electrochem because it generated a power density of 13.4 mW/m2 and required only a few hours for the formation of the biofilm.
Towards Interoperable Network Ontologies for the Digital Humanities
Authors: Langmead Alison , Otis Jessica M. , Warren Christopher N. , Weingart Scott B. , Zilinksi Lisa D. 
Published: March 2016

Scholars have long been interested in networks. Networks of scholarly exchange, trade, kinship, and patronage are some of the many such longstanding subjects of study. Recent and ongoing digital humanities projects are now considering networks with fresh approaches and increasingly complex datasets. At the heart of these digital projects are ‘network ontologies’ — functional data models for distilling the complicated, messy connections between historical people, objects, and places. Although scholars creating network ontologies necessarily focus on different types of content, if these networks are to form a coherent body of scholarship in the future, we must work towards the creation interoperable ontological structures, rather than yet another set of competing standards. Here we examine the methodological considerations behind designing such interoperable ontologies, focusing primarily on the example of Early Modern historical networks. We argue that it would be infeasible to adopt a single ontological standard for all possible digital humanities projects; flexibility is essential to accommodate all subjects and objects of humanistic enquiry, from the micro-level to the longue-durée. However, we believe it possible to establish shared practices to structure these network ontologies on an ongoing basis in order to ensure their long-term interoperability.
Modeling the Humanities: Data Lessons from the World of Education
Authors: Lewis Armanda 
Published: March 2016

This article will explore advances in the field of educational data modeling that have implications for modeling humanistic data. Traditional humanistic inquiry, bolstered by micro-analyses conducted by the scholar, has made way for machine-assisted methods that parse and quantify large amounts of qualitative data to reveal possible trends and focus more analogue approaches. At best, this play between human- and machine-directed approaches can lead to more profound explorations of texts. In this exploration of qualitative-quantitative methodologies that leverage human agency and machine-directed techniques, I suggest a mixed methods approach for dealing with the humanities. Specifically, this discussion will analyze the current methodological tensions related to Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics to reveal best practices for modeling humanistic data. Principle questions of interest in this essay include: What defines literary “big” data? How can we define DH modeling and where does it depart from traditional data modeling? What role does machine-based modeling have in the context of the scholarly close read? What can we learn from educational data modeling practices that are in the midst of resolving tensions between human-machine patterning?
Raices populares y cultura de masas en la nueva narrativa hispanoamericana
Authors: Aínsa Fernando 
Published: March 2016

Racines populaires et culture de masse dans la nouvelle fiction hispano-américaine.
Après plusieurs décennies d'expérimentation, de ruptures, d'avant-gardisme, de développement de nouveaux styles et modes d'écriture, d'ambitieux romans « totalisants » et englobant tout, le récit de la fin du XXe siècle retrouve une fonction oubliée, celle de représentation du réel, il s'intéresse à la fonction sociale de la culture en incorporant la culture populaire, la culture de masse, à la création littéraire.
D'une façon générale, le style apparaît plus « classique » et moins « baroque » plus attaché à la narrativité qu'à l'expérimentation formelle. Littérature humoristique (humour noir, parfois), ce « nouveau réalisme » pratique une désolemnisation par la parodie, moyen efficace de percevoir la réalité. Les mythes qui sont au centre de la culture populaire et de masse — série télévisée, cinéma, football, cyclisme, musique, etc. — et les héros qu'elle propose — idoles, acteurs, chanteurs et compositeurs — donnent sa matière à une fiction qui les consacre ou les dégrade, mettant en scène tour à tour les banlieues, les quartiers populaires des villes, les plages. Les principaux caractères de ce « nouveau réalisme »sont étudiés d'après les œuvres de ses auteurs les plus représentatifs dans la décennie 1990.
Rock poblacional chileno : marginalité et discours de la transgression
Authors: Rimbot Emmanuelle 
Published: March 2016

Rock poblacional chileno : marginalidad y discurso de transgresión.
Herederos de la Nueva canción chilena, los cantadores del movimiento llamado Canto Nuevo son los de la generation que ha presenciado el golpe de Estado de 1973 y la instauración del poder autoritario de Augusto Pinochet. Es un movimiento cultural que nace como una respuesta ante el vacîo cultural causado por la represión, la autocensura, el exilio. Forma parte de la problemática identitaria nueva de una creación musical a la vez en continuidad y en ruptura con la creación de los diez años que anteceden a la dictadura.
La canción, como généro especifico, entra en la confrontation ideológica y cultural que surge entre un sistema autoritario y la expresión marginal y de resistencia. En el Canto Nuevo se manifiestan estas tres dimensiones. Por otra parte, intervenien dos factores de la evolution de la música, de la definition de los nuevos estilos y de las composiciones de las letras : la autocensura por una parte, y por la otra la modernización de las técnicas.