bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Delirium Care Core Competency Among Nurses: A Descriptive Correlational Study
Authors: Bae Ki Sook , Roh Young Sook 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNurses require optimal competency to deliver safe and high‐quality care to patients with delirium. However, the factors influencing delirium care core competency remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing core competency in delirium care among nurses. This study was conducted as a descriptive correlational study following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. A convenience sample of 202 Korean nurses from 15 hospitals completed a structured, web‐based, self‐administered questionnaire. The survey covered general characteristics, delirium care knowledge, moral sensitivity, barriers to delirium care, and core competency in delirium care. Multiple regression analysis identified the factors affecting core competency in delirium care. Results showed that barriers to delirium care, moral sensitivity, academic qualifications, and clinical ladder level were significant factors, accounting for 18.1% of the variance in delirium care core competency. To improve delirium care among nurses, using individual, team, and organizational approaches to address perceived barriers and moral sensitivity is crucial. Competency‐based training programs and administrative support are crucial for enhancing the competency of nurses who are novices and those with associate degrees.
Mobile Health‐Based Health Literacy Weight Management Intervention Using Smart Devices for Adolescents: A Convergent Mixed‐Methods Pilot Study
Authors: Chen Yu‐Hsia , Tzeng Yu‐Fen , Gau Bih‐Shya 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a mobile health‐based health literacy weight management intervention program for adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Therefore, a convergent mixed‐method design was used. The “GO! GO! Smart Healthy” intervention development engaged multidisciplinary healthcare professionals, utilizing mobile health applications and smartwatches. Participants provided data on weight management, dietary habits, and health literacy via an mHealth app, while smartwatches collected objective information on physical activity and sleep. The 12‐week pilot study was conducted from March to September 2021. It evaluated the program's feasibility, employing both quantitative and thematic analyses of focus group discussions for a comprehensive assessment. Of the 27 participants, 44.4% were overweight or obese, with insufficient physical activity reported. Thematic analysis identified three main themes: empowerment, self‐awareness and self‐regulation, and self‐comparison and reflection. Adolescents engaged with smartwatches, demonstrated increased awareness, altruistic behavior, and satisfaction. After integrating mixed‐method data, revisions ensured the program's alignment with participants' preferences. Despite pandemic disruptions, mHealth apps ensured uninterrupted research, showcasing technology's evolving role in healthcare and education. Iterative feedback with participants ensured program suitability, fostering effectiveness.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04759716
Serial Multiple Mediation of the Marital Satisfaction and Parenting Competence in the Relationship Between Postpartum Depression and Parent–Infant Attachment in First‐Time Parents With Low‐ and High‐Risk Pregnancy Experiences: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Oh Jiwon , Ahn Sukhee 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTLittle is known regarding the effects of postpartum depression on parent–infant attachment in high‐risk parents. Based on Mercer's theory of becoming a mother, this study aimed to (1) examine the mediating effects of marital satisfaction and parenting competence in the relationship between postpartum depression and parent–infant attachment using a serial mediation model in first‐time parent couples during the first 6 months postpartum, and (2) compare the serial mediation models between parents who had experienced low‐risk and high‐risk pregnancies. In this cross‐sectional study, a total of 194 first‐time parent couples at 1 to 6 months postpartum were included. Participants completed an online survey on postpartum depression, marital satisfaction, parenting competence, and parent–infant attachment. In both low‐ and high‐risk groups, parenting competence was a common mediator of the impact of postpartum depression on parent–infant attachment. A sequential mediation effect involving both marital satisfaction and parenting competence was observed in high‐risk mothers. Our findings suggest that the adverse impacts of postpartum depression on parent–infant attachment can be mitigated by boosting parenting competence or improving the marital satisfaction in couples experiencing first high‐risk pregnancy.
The role of reactive enteric glia‐macrophage interactions in acute and chronic inflammation
Authors: Reiner Schneider , Linda Schneider , Ebrahim Hamza , Patrick Leven , Sven Wehner 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnteric glia are a heterogeneous population of peripheral glia within the enteric nervous system and play pivotal roles in gut homeostasis, tissue integrity, coordination of motility, and intestinal immune responses. Under physiological conditions, they communicate with enteric neurons to control intestinal motility. In contrast, enteric glia undergo reactive changes in response to inflammatory signals during enteric neuroinflammation and participate in immune control. In this state, these glia are called reactive enteric glia, which promote cytokine and chemokine secretion and perpetuate immune cell recruitment, thereby affecting disease progression. Interestingly, reactive glia exhibit a huge plasticity and adapt to or shape the immune environment towards a resolving phenotype during inflammation and neuropathies. Recent studies revealed a bidirectional communication between enteric glia and resident and infiltrating immune cells under healthy conditions and in the context of inflammation‐based intestinal disorders and neuropathies. While recent reviews give a superb general overview of enteric glial reactivity, we herein discuss the latest evidence on enteric glial reactivity in two prominent inflammatory conditions: acute postoperative inflammation, resulting in postoperative ileus, and chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases. We define their plasticity during inflammation and the interplay between reactive enteric glia and intestinal macrophages. Finally, we sketch important questions that should be addressed to clarify further the impact of enteric glial reactivity on intestinal inflammation.
Multifaceted roles of TCP transcription factors in fate determination
Authors: Wang Yutao , Cao Yu , Qin Genji 
Published: October 2024

SummaryFate determination is indispensable for the accurate shaping and specialization of plant organs, a process critical to the structural and functional diversity in plant kingdom. The TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) family of transcription factors has been recognized for its significant contributions to plant organogenesis and morphogenesis. Recent research has shed light on the pivotal roles that TCPs play in fate determination. In this review, we delve into the current understanding of TCP functions, emphasizing their critical influence on fate determination from the organelle to the cell and organ levels. We also consolidate the molecular mechanisms through which TCPs exert their regulatory effects on fate determination. Additionally, we highlight intriguing points of TCPs that warrant further exploration in future research endeavors.
Machine Learning for Localization of Premature Ventricular Contraction Origins: A Review
Authors: Yang Rui , Wang Yiwen , Wang Yanan , Feng Xujian , Yang Cuiwei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPremature ventricular contraction (PVC) is one of the most common arrhythmias, originating from ectopic beats in the ventricles. Precision in localizing the origin of PVCs has long been a focal point in electrophysiology research. Machine learning (ML) has developed rapidly in the past two decades with increasingly widespread applications. With the increase of clinical data such as electrocardiograms (ECGs), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ML and its subfields, deep learning (DL), have become powerful analytical tools, playing an increasingly important role in electrophysiological research. In this review, we mainly provide an overview of the development of ML in the localization of PVC origins, including its applications, advantages, disadvantages, and future research directions. This information is intended to serve as a reference for clinicians and researchers, aiding them in better‐utilizing ML techniques for the diagnosis and study of PVC origins.
Voltage‐Guided and Non‐Voltage‐Guided Superior Vena Cava Isolation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Saito Jumpei , Daiki Kato , Hirotoshi Sato , Matsuda Toshihiko , Koyanagi Yui , Yoshihiro Katsuya , Gibo Yuma , Shigehiro Ishigaki , Usumoto Soichiro , Igawa Wataru , Okabe Toshitaka , Isomura Naoei , Ochiai Masahiko 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn addition to the pulmonary vein, the superior vena cava (SVC) is an important focus of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, SVC isolation may cause serious complications, and appropriate settings and techniques for SVC isolation are lacking.MethodsThis study enrolled 86 consecutive patients with AF who underwent SVC isolation. Voltage mapping using a multi‐electrode catheter and ablation were performed under the guidance of an electro‐anatomical mapping system. The lines encircling the SVC were divided into eight anatomic segments on the SVC geometry, and each segment was subjected to voltage‐guided (VG) ablation in decreasing order of voltage (starting from the segment with the highest voltage). Non‐VG (NVG) ablation was performed anatomically from the anterior wall toward the septum with one‐round cautery.ResultsA total of 86 cases (66 males, mean age 69 [60, 74], mean CHA2DS2 VASc score 2 [1, 3], 58 paroxysmal AF) with AF were included for ablation. Electrical SVC isolation was successfully achieved in all patients. The length of the myocardial sleeves, as measured from the SVC‐RA junction to the end of the local signal, was 37 [28, 45] mm. Major axis of the RA‐SVC junction was 15 [13, 17] and minor axis of the RA‐SVC junction was 11 [9, 13]. The number of ablation points with VG SVC isolation was fewer than that for NVG SVC isolation (8 [5, 11.5] vs. 11.5 [8.8, 13.3]; p = 0.001). The procedure time of VG SVC isolation was greater than that of NVG SVC isolation (259 s [154, 379] vs. 167 s [115, 222]; p = 0.012). There were no significant differences in the complication rates.ConclusionsVG SVC isolation reduced the number of ablation points compared with NVG SVC isolation.
Trauma‐induced coagulopathy across age pediatric groups: A retrospective cohort study evaluating testing and frequency
Authors: Deshpande Shyam J. , Tsang Hamilton C. , Phuong Jim , Hasan Rida , Liu Zhinan , Stansbury Lynn G. , Hess John R. , Vavilala Monica S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundTrauma‐induced coagulopathy (TIC) is associated with negative outcomes. Pediatric TIC has been described most often in older children. Children undergo normal developmental hemostasis, but it is unknown how this process impacts the risk of TIC across childhood.AimsTo understand variations in coagulation testing and TIC across pediatric age groups.MethodsWe evaluated testing patterns of coagulation studies at presentation and over the first 72 h of hospitalization by pediatric age group at a large, Level I trauma center, 2015–2020. The frequency of TIC was determined using published, age‐specific reference ranges and controlling for injury severity. We performed subgroup analyses of those with isolated severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and those who presented directly from the scene of injury.ResultsData from 2409 pediatric patients were available; 333 patients had isolated severe TBI. Children <1 year were least likely to be tested for TIC at presentation and over the first 72 h, even among the most injured. Fibrinogen testing was uncommon, regardless of injury severity. TIC was common: 22% of patients had TIC at presentation and 35% by 72 h. Greater injury severity was associated with TIC. Children 1–4 and 5–9 years had a higher frequency of TIC at presentation and over 72 h compared to older children in the least injured cohort. We saw no difference in frequency of TIC between age groups in the subset with isolated severe TBI. Using age‐specific criteria, patients most often met TIC criteria by INR/PT, followed by platelet count, and least commonly by aPTT. The presence of TIC was associated with in‐hospital mortality (OR 4.10, 95% CI 2.06–8.17).ConclusionsSignificant sampling bias exists in clinical data collection among injured children and adolescents. Contrary to previous reports and using age‐specific TIC criteria, younger children are not at lower risk of TIC than older children when controlling for injury severity.
Acute transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation modulates presynaptic SV2A density in healthy rat brain: An in vivo microPET study
Authors: Binda Karina H. , Real Caroline C. , Simonsen Mette T. , Grove Ebbe K. , Bender Dirk , Gjedde Albert , Brooks David J. , Landau Anne M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is the subject of exploration as an adjunct treatment for neurological disorders such as epilepsy, chronic migraine, pain, and depression. A non‐invasive form of VNS is transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS). Combining animal models and positron emission tomography (PET) may lead to a better understanding of the elusive mechanisms of taVNS. We evaluated the acute effect of electrical stimulation of the left vagus nerve via the ear on brain synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) as a measure of presynaptic density and glucose metabolism in naïve rats. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were imaged with [11C]UCB‐J (n = 11) or [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET (n = 13) on two separate days, (1) at baseline, and (2) after acute unilateral left taVNS or sham stimulation (30 min). We calculated the regional volume of distribution (VT) for [11C]UCB‐J and standard uptake values (SUV) for [18F]FDG. We observed regional reductions of [11C]UCB‐J binding in response to taVNS ranging from 36% to 59%. The changes in taVNS compared to baseline were significantly larger than those induced by sham stimulation. The differences were observed bilaterally in the frontal cortex, striatum, and midbrain. The [18F]FDG PET uptake remained unchanged following acute taVNS or sham stimulation compared to baseline values. This proof‐of‐concept study shows for the first time that acute taVNS for 30 min can modulate in vivo synaptic SV2A density in cortical and subcortical regions of healthy rats. Preclinical disease models and PET ligands of different targets can be a powerful combination to assess the therapeutic potential of taVNS.
Weak compactons of nonlinearly dispersive KdV and KP equations
Authors: Anco S. C. , Gandarias M. L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA weak formulation is devised for the equation, which is a nonlinearly dispersive generalization of the gKdV equation having compacton solutions. With this formulation, explicit weak compacton solutions are derived, including ones that do not exist as classical (strong) solutions. Similar results are obtained for a nonlinearly dispersive generalization of the gKP equation in two dimensions, which possesses line compacton solutions.
Functional analysis of regA paralog rlsD in Volvox carteri
Authors: Jiménez‐Marín Berenice , Ortega‐Escalante José A. , Tyagi Antariksh , Seah Jundhi , Olson Bradley J. S. C. , Miller Stephen M. 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYVolvox carteri is an excellent system for investigating the origins of cell differentiation because it possesses just two cell types, reproductive gonidia and motile somatic cells, which evolved relatively recently. The somatic phenotype depends on the regA gene, which represses cell growth and reproduction, preventing cells expressing it from growing large enough to become gonidia. regA encodes a putative transcription factor and was generated in an undifferentiated ancestor of V. carteri through duplication of a progenitor gene whose ortholog in V. carteri is named rlsD. Here we analyze the function of rlsD through knockdown, overexpression, and RNA‐seq experiments, to gain clues into the function of a member of an understudied putative transcription factor family and to obtain insight into the origins of cell differentiation in the volvocine algae. rlsD knockdown was lethal, while rlsD overexpression dramatically reduced gonidial growth. rlsD overexpression led to differential expression of approximately one‐fourth of the genome, with repressed genes biased for those typically overexpressed in gonidia relative to somatic cells, and upregulated genes biased toward expression in soma, where regA expression is high. Notably, rlsD overexpression affects accumulation of transcripts for genes/Pfam domains involved in ribosome biogenesis, photosynthetic light harvesting, and sulfate generation, functions related to organismal growth, and responses to resource availability. We also found that in the wild type, rlsD expression is induced by light deprivation. These findings are consistent with the idea that cell differentiation in V. carteri evolved when a resource‐responsive, growth‐regulating gene was amplified, and a resulting gene duplicate was co‐opted to repress growth in a constitutive, spatial context.
Angular Kinematics at Minimum Toe Clearance in People With Transtibial Amputation Using Articulated and Nonarticulated Prosthesis
Authors: Riveras Mauricio , Oldfield Matthew , Catalfamo-Formento Paola 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Subjects with unilateral transtibial amputation exhibit altered minimum toe clearance (MTC) depending on the ankle prosthesis used. It has been suggested that a limited prosthetic ankle angle could be the cause of the change. The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in kinematics in the joints responsible for the changes in MTC when using an articulating hydraulic ankle (AHA) prosthesis compared to a nonarticulating ankle (NAA) prosthesis. Twelve participants with unilateral transtibial amputation walked at their self-selected speed on a 10 m pathway. They used both the same AHA and NAA prosthetic models and the prosthetic characteristics were unchanged except for the ankle mechanisms and, consequently, its mass. Data from MTC and hip, knee, and ankle angles in the sagittal, frontal, and transversal plane at the time of MTC were statistically analyzed with a paired sample t-test. The AHA prosthesis showed significantly higher MTC mean (AHA=24.7 ± 9.6 mm versus NAA=17.4 ± 5.2 mm, P&lt;0.01) and variability (13.4 ± 9.6 mm versus 6.7 ± 4.2 mm, P=0.03) on the prosthetic limb than the NAA. A higher mean MTC could be explained by an increase in ankle angle dorsiflexion (AHA=−1.2 ± 2.6 deg versus NAA=−2.9 ± 1.5 deg, P=0.01), while the variability of the prosthetic MTC appears to be influenced by changes in prosthetic mass. The results of this study suggest that ankle dorsiflexion during swing and the mass of the prosthesis have a direct influence in mean MTC and its variability, respectively.
Comprehensive Geometric Parameterization and Computationally Efficient 3D Shape Matching Optimization of Realistic Stents
Authors: Kapoor Ankush , Ray Tapabrata , Jepson Nigel , Beier Susann 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Flexible and compact shape representation schemes are essential for design optimization problems. Current shape representation schemes for coronary stent designs concern predominantly idealized or independent ring (IR) designs, which are outdated and only consider a small number of core design variables (such as strut width, height, and thickness) and ignore clinically critical design characteristics such as the number of connectors. No reports exist on the geometry parameterization of the latest helical stents (HS) that have more complex geometric designs than IR stents. Here, we present two new shape parameterization schemes to fully capture the 3D designs of contemporary IR and double-helix HS stents. We developed a 3D stent geometry builder based on 17 (IR) and 18 (HS) design variables, including strut width, thickness, height, number of connectors and rings, stent length, and strut centerline shape. The shape of the strut centerline was derived via a combination of NURBS, PARSEC, quarter circle, and straight line segments. Shape matching for complex 3D geometries, such as the contemporary stents within limited function evaluations, is not trivial and requires efficient parameterization and optimization algorithms. We used shape matching optimization with a limited function evaluation budget to test the proposed parameterization and two surrogate-assisted optimization algorithms relying on predictor believer and an expected improvement maximization formulation. The performance of these algorithms is objectively compared with a gradient-based optimization method to highlight their strengths. Our work paves the way for more realistic, full-fledged stent design optimization with structural and hemodynamic objectives in the future.
Point-Based Models: A Unified Approach for Geometric Constraint Analysis of Planar n-Bar Mechanisms With Rotary, Sliding, and Rolling Joints
Authors: Lyu Zhijie , Purwar Anurag 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Kinematic simulation of planar n-bar mechanisms has been an intense topic of study for several decades now. However, a large majority of efforts have focused on position analysis of such mechanisms with limited links and joint types. This article presents a novel, unified approach to the analysis of geometric constraints of planar n-bar mechanisms with revolute joint (R-joint), prismatic joint (P-joint), and rolling joint. This work is motivated by a need to create and program a system of constraint equations that deal with different types of joints in a unified way. A key feature of this work is that the rolling joint constraints are represented by four-point models, which enables us to use the well-established undirected graph rigidity analysis algorithms. As a result, mechanisms with an arbitrary combination of revolute-, prismatic joints, and wheel/gear/wheel-belt chains without any limitations on their actuation scheme can be analyzed and simulated efficiently for potential implementation in interactive computer software and large-scale data generation.