bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONCENTRATION HEAVY METALS (Cu AND Pb) IN MUSI RIVER ESTUARY
Authors: Putri Wike Ayu Eka , Bengen Dietriech G. , Riani Etty 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>The Musi River is one of the biggest river of twelve big rivers in South Sumatra Province. Water quality of this river affects the water quality in the estuary and biological health in its surrounding so that it is important to determine the Cu and Pb concentrations. The purposes of this study were to analize distribution of heavy metals (Cu and Pb) and to determine the water quality status in March and September 2014. The water and sediment samples were collected from eight stations along the Musi River from downstream to the estuary. Heavy metal concentration was analized by employing USEPA 30050B method using AAS Spektra plus variant with air mixure flame – acetylene. Dissolved Cu and Pb concentrations in March were 0,002 - 0,006 mg/l and 0,002-0,003 mg/l, respectively, while in September were 0,001-0,010 mg/lfor Cu and 0,001-0,005 mg/lfor Pb. Cu and Pb concentrations in sediment detected in March were 6,92-16,4 mg/l and 1,9-11,4 mg/l, respectively, while in September were 2,3-13,9 mg/l for Cu and 4,29-9,95 mg/l for Pb. Student test analysis showed that was no significant differences between Pb and Cu concentrations (dissolved and sediment) between March and September. Generally, the concentration of heavy metals Cu and Pb in Musi River estuary were still below specified quality standards.</em></p><p><em></em><br /><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong> </strong><em>h</em><em>eavy metal, Cu, Pb, </em><em>the </em><em>Musi River</em><em>,</em><em> estuary</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>
VARIABILITY OF CARAPACE WIDTH SIZE AND ABUNDANCE OF BLUE SWIMMING CRABS (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus) IN PATI WATERS
Authors: Nugraheni Dyah Ika , Fahrudin Achmad , Yonvitner . 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>Fishing effort enhancement would put pressure on blue swimming crab resources and its ecosystem. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution based on the size of the carapace width (CW), abundance, temperature, salinity, depth, and fishing intensity in Pati waters which was divided into two zones (zones 1=nearshore, zone 2=offshore). The result showed that the average of carapace width in zone 1 to zone 2 was significantly different (p &lt;0.05), as well as between males and females. Average number of individual (abundance) was significantly different according to fishing areas and sex (p &lt;0.05). The average of water temperature in zone 1 was higher than in zone 2, salinity in zone 1 was smaller than in zone 2, and the water depth in zone 1 was shallower than in zone 2. The higher the crab catch intensity leaded to the smaller the abundance and size of carapace width. Alternative management strategies were proposed such as to divert fishing grounds from coastal waters to offshore during low productivity season, to uphold rules on minimum legal size for catching (Lm = 107 mm), to release of berried females catch, and to reduce accretion rate of gear and fishing fleet mainly in the coastal zone waters.</em></p><p><em><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>blue swimming crab, carapace widht (CW), abundance, intensity of fishing</em></em></p>
VACCINATION OF JUVENILE TIGER GROUPER WITH THREE INACTIVATED BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
Authors: Zafran . 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>An experiment to evaluate the efficacy of inactivated polyvalent bacterial vaccines to increase specific immunity of tiger grouper (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Epinephelus</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">fuscoguttatus</span>) against bacterial infection was conducted in floating net cages located in Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Polyvalent bacterial vaccine was prepared by mixing three species of killed-bacteria (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Vibrio</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">harveyi</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">V.</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">alginolyticus</span>, and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Photobacterium</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">leiognathi</span>) with ratio of 1:1:1.</em><em> </em><em>The density of bacterial vaccine was adjusted at 10<sup>10</sup> CFU/ml. The vaccines were delivered by immersion. The control fish were immersed in sea water without vaccine. </em><em>Fish with ± 6 cm</em> <em>of total </em><em>l</em><em>ength and </em>± 7 g<em> of body weigth were used in this experiment. The fishes were reared in concrete tanks in hatchery of Gondol, Bali until they reached </em>± <em>9 cm of total length.</em><em> Later, t</em><em>he fish</em><em>es</em><em> were reared for 6 months in floating net cages located in Sumbawa. </em><em>Re-vaccinations were delivered 60 days and 120 days post initial vaccination. The results showed that titer antibody and survival rate of the vaccinated fish were </em><em>1/128 and 77.11%, </em><em>higher</em><em> </em><em>th</em><em>a</em><em>n the control</em><em> (titer antibody</em><em>=</em><em>1/4-1/8</em><em>,</em><em> survival</em><em>=</em><em>45</em><em>.</em><em>56%, respectively</em><em>). </em><em>The relative percent survival </em><em>of </em><em>the vaccinated fish was </em><em>57.95%. It was suggested that the vaccines were immunogenic and had protective ability against bacterial infection in tiger groupers.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> bacterial disease, polyvalent bacterial vaccine, tiger grouper</em></p>
PRESSURE CHANGES IN MEDIA MAINTENANCE OF SHELL PEARL (Pinctada maxima) LARVAE ON PROTEASE ENZYME ACTIVITY ENHANCING GROWTH AND SURVIVAL
Authors: Hamzah M.S. 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>The growth of pearl shell oyster is influenced by nacre availability consist</em><em>ing</em><em> of calcium carbonate. Nacre is identified as a protein metabolism product in pearl oyster. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of media level pressure in larva rearing tank on protease enzyme activity to promote growth performance and survival rate of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Pinctada</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">maxima</span> larvae. The research was conducted from March 6<sup>th</sup> to May 7<sup>th</sup> 2015 in laboratorium of Mataram Marine Bio Industry Technical Implementation Unit, LIPI. “Chi-Square” test showed that survival rate of larvae at Umbo-veliger stage (planktonic) was significantly affected by water level pressure within</em><em> </em><em>99% with ratio 1.00:1.61. In contrast, </em><em>treatment with no </em><em>water level pressure </em><em>also </em><em>significantly </em><em>influenced the</em><em> survival rate of larvae in spat stage within 99% confidence with ratio of </em><em>1.</em><em>00:1.93. The highest average survival rate of larvae in umbo-veliger and spat stages were 13.10</em><em>%</em><em> and 2.60%, respectively. The effect of protease enzyme activity on calcium carbonate production to produce oyster shell are also discussed in this paper.</em></p><p><em> </em><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: water level pressure, protease enzyme activity, survival rate, growth, larvae, P. maxima</em></p>
THE ABUNDANCE OF ORNAMENTAL CORALS AFTER MASS DIE OFF IN 1997 ON THE PADANG SHELF REEF SYSTEM, WEST SUMATERA, INDONESIA
Authors: Johan Ofri , Prasetio Anjang B. , Ardi Idil , Syam Amran R. , Quinn Norman J. 
Published: October 2017

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries aims to establish export quota ornamental corals based on scientifically-founded data from the natural environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance of ornamental coral after mass die off in 1997. Ornamental corals were classified into three groups based on the guideline of ornamental coral propagation for trading purposes. Classification categories are rapid (3-6 months), middle (8-12 months), and slow growth rate (&gt;24 months), which relates to their harvesting time when transplanted for the trade purpose. The survey method used line intercept transects to get coral condition data and belt transect with 2 m width to get ornamental coral data. Both line and belt transect have 30 m length and with three replicates. The study showed number of colony and abundance of ornamental coral for fast growth rate group such as <em>Acropora</em> sp (1348 col &amp; 7.49 col/m<sup>2</sup>), <em>Galaxea </em>sp, <em>Hydnophora</em> <em>exesa</em>, <em>H. microconus</em>, <em>Pocillopora damicornis</em>, <em>Stylopora</em> sp and <em>Montipora</em> sp with the highest abundant found on Acropora sp and Montipora sp (1348 col &amp; 7.49 col/m<sup>2</sup>). Whereas the coral which from middle growth rate were <em>Leptoseris</em> sp, <em>Pavona</em> sp, <em>Platygyra</em> sp, <em>Favia</em> sp, <em>Favites</em> sp with the highest abundant found on <em>Favia</em> sp (101 col &amp; 0.56 col/m<sup>2</sup>). Coral species typically used for ornamental coral trade within the slow growth rate category such massive coral were not found on this survey. Due to the massive coral die-off in 1997 and the paucity of ornamental corals, the utilization of ornamental coral should be supported by coral transplantation and the broodstock of slow growth of coral taken from other area. </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>ornamental coral, abundant, mass die off, Padang Waters</p>
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FISH JUVENILE IN MANGROVE AND SEAGRASS HABITATS IN PRAMUKA ISLAND
Authors: Amin Fathul , Kamal M Mukhlis , Taurusman Am Azbas 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>This study was aimed to investigate the community structure of fish juvenile, spatial distribution and similarity from both adjacent habitats </em><em>of</em><em> mangrove and seagrass. This study was conducted in the eastern part of Pramuka island from April to June 2015. The samples were </em><em>collected</em><em> by using line transect method in three observation area</em><em>s</em><em> </em><em>that </em><em>were spatially connected </em><em>i.e.,</em><em> mangrove, transition and seagrass zones. The result of the study from three observation zones revealed that there w</em><em>ere</em><em> found 24 species</em><em> </em><em>of fishes from 15 families </em><em>i.e.,</em><em> Siganidae (4 species), Apogonidae (3 species), Ger</em><em>-</em><em>reidae</em><em> (2 species)</em><em>, Terapontidae</em><em> (2 species)</em><em>, Gobiidae</em><em> (2 species),</em><em> Labridae (2 species), Mugilidae, Nemipteridae, Hemiramphidae, Sphyraenidae, Monacanthidae, Atherinidae, Pomacentridae, Lut</em><em>-</em><em>janidae</em><em>,</em><em> and Lethrinidae (</em><em>each of them </em><em>1 species).</em><em> </em><em>According to community structure, the </em><em>adjacent </em><em>ob</em><em>-</em><em>servation zone</em><em>s</em><em> did not </em><em>show</em><em> a significant difference </em><em>in</em><em> the number of species, abundance</em><em>,</em><em> and bio</em><em>-</em><em>mass. According to fish distribution, fish species in transition zone and seagrass zone were relatively </em><em>similar and</em><em> dominated by <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Gerres</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">oblongus</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Fibramia</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">lateralis</span></em><em>,</em><em> </em><em>and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Siganus</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">canaliculatus</span>. Mean</em><em>-</em><em>while, </em><em>in </em><em>mangrove zone </em><em>revealed a significant different of fish species than in transition and seagrass zones. In mangrove zone, fish species </em><em>was dominated by <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Gerres oblongus</span> and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Siganus</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">guttatus</span>. </em></p><p><em> </em><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> spatial distribution, juvenile, mangrove, seagrass, pramuka Island, Siganidae</em></p>
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF FISH COMMUNITY BIOMASS IN COASTAL WATERS OF TANGERANG REGENCY, BANTEN
Authors: Dewi Nina Nurmalia , Kamal M Mukhlis , Wardiatno Yusli 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency </em><em>ha</em><em>s abundant</em><em> in</em><em> fish resource includ</em><em>ing</em><em> pelagic, demersal, and reef fish. This study was conducted to assess </em><em>fish </em><em>biomass varia</em><em>bility and</em><em> of fish</em><em> community structure</em><em> in </em><em>c</em><em>oastal waters of Tangerang Regency which can be used as a basis in determining alternatives for sustainable fish resource management. This research was conducted in June and August 2013 in three </em><em>locations i.e.,</em><em> Kronjo, Cituis, and Tanjung Pasir. Primary data collected </em><em>were </em><em>fish </em><em>weight </em><em>per species. Fish biomass from each locations </em><em>was</em><em> obtained using swept area method</em><em> </em><em>using </em><em>trawl. The results showed that Kronjo </em><em>region contained</em><em> </em><em>the </em><em>highe</em><em>st</em><em> total </em><em>average </em><em>biomass of fish</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>T</em><em>emporal</em><em>ly</em><em>, total </em><em>ave-rage </em><em>biomass</em><em> </em><em>of fish </em><em>i</em><em>n August was higher than </em><em>in </em><em>June for Kronjo and Cituis</em><em>. M</em><em>eanwhile</em><em>, the con-trary</em><em> </em><em>occurred in</em><em> Tanjung Pasir</em>.<em> This </em><em>conditions occurred </em><em>due to the high current and </em><em>high </em><em>wave in August than </em><em>in </em><em>June. </em><em>In general, b</em><em>iomass of planktivorous was dominant during the study indicating overfishing lead to fishing down the food web in the Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency.</em></p><p><em> </em><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>biomass, coastal waters of Tangerang Regency, spatial and temporal variability, </em><em>swept area, over fishing.</em></p>
TURBULENT MIXING PROCESSES IN LABANI CHANNEL, THE MAKASSAR STRAIT
Authors: Naulita Yuli 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>Study on turbulent mixing processes in Labani Channel, the Makassar Strait, was conducted by using the INSTANT (International Nusantara Stratification And Transport) program dataset, in Juli 2005. The turbulent mixing process was evaluated using Thorpe method, where the overturning eddies were revealed by density inversions in CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) profiles. All individual identified-overturn regions was validated by the GK’s test (Galbraith and Kelly test) where at first noise on CTD signals had been removed by applying wavelet denoising. A large number of overturn regions with Thorpe scale (L<sub>T</sub>) less than 0.5 m were detected in the thermocline layer of Makassar Strait. Based on linear relationship between Thorpe and Ozmidov scale, order of magnitude of the turbulent energy kinetic dissipation rate in Labani Channel was estimated about </em><em>10<sup>-11</sup>- 10<sup>-5</sup>Wkg<sup>-1</sup> and </em><em>density eddy diffusivity K<sub>ρ</sub></em><em>(10<sup>-6 </sup>– 10<sup>-2</sup>) m<sup>2</sup>/s . The strong of turbulen mixing was found at the layer of NPSW at 150 m depth and NPIW at 300 m depth, indicated by high values of K<sub>ρ </sub> (O = 10<sup>-3</sup> – 10<sup>-2</sup> m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>). It reveals that turbulent mixing has an important role on determining ITF water mass character. </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywoods</em></strong><em>: turbulent mixing, wavelet denoising, overturn region, Thorpe method, Labani Channel, Makassar Srait.</em></p>
WATERS CARRYING CAPACITY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SEAWEED CULTURE OF Eucheuma cottonii IN LUWU AND PALOPO DISTRICTS, BONE BAY, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Waluyo . , Yonvitner . , Riani Etty , Arifin Taslim 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>I</em><em>n seaweed <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Eucheuma</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">cottonii</span> cultures</em><em>,</em><em> </em><em>a w</em><em>ater carrying capacity</em><em> is an important factor to</em><em> optimize</em><em> the </em><em>seaweed culture. Carrying capacity can </em><em>be </em><em>determine</em><em>d</em><em> by </em><em>an </em><em>ecological footprint </em><em>production </em><em>(EF</em><em><sub>p</sub></em><em>) </em><em>analysis. This research</em><em> was conducted in</em><em> May 2015 (1<sup>st</sup> </em><em>transitional</em><em> </em><em>season</em><em>) and September 2015 (2<sup>nd</sup> </em><em>transitional</em><em> </em><em>season</em><em>) in Luwu and Palopo</em><em> distircts</em><em>, South Sulawesi. Map and land use </em><em>were </em><em>analyzed </em><em>using</em><em> GIS (Geographic</em><em> </em><em>Information Systems)</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>The result showed that the</em><em> </em><em>ecological foot</em><em>-</em><em>print production </em><em>(EF<sub>P</sub>) </em><em>in Luwu waters was 67.88 ton/capita/year or equivalent to 235,823.93 tons/</em><em> </em><em>year.</em><em> However, b</em><em>ased on the analysis of the </em><em>water </em><em>availability </em><em>for </em><em>seaweed was 59</em><em>,</em><em>781.79 hectares, it can produce seaweed (biocapacity) for 1,437,779.60 tons/year and the number of farmers that allows for use the </em><em>waters</em><em> is 21</em><em>,</em><em>432 capita. The ecological footprint </em><em>production </em><em>(EFp) in Palopo waters is 3</em><em>.</em><em>08 ton/capita/year, or equivalent to 4</em><em>,</em><em>589.99 tons/year.</em><em> </em><em>Water availability analysis is 1</em><em>,</em><em>771.</em><em> </em><em>41 hectares are able to produce seaweed (biocapacity) for 18</em><em>,</em><em>287.46 ton/year and the number of far</em><em>-</em><em>mers that allows for use the </em><em>waters</em><em> is 635 farmers capita. The results comparison between biocapa</em><em>-</em><em>ci</em><em>-</em><em>ty and ecological footprint, ecological status for Luwu and Palopo waters are still in sustainable use.</em></p>
BIODIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF DEMERSAL FISHS STOCK IN TAMBELAN WATER, NATUNA SEA
Authors: Fahmi . , Yonvitner . 
Published: October 2017

<em>Understanding on fish diversity is essential for fish stock conservation specifically in Tambelan Island waters with a high fish diversity. This research was conducted in November 2010 at 6 sampling site around Tambelan Island. Samples were taken using trawl gear within sweeping technique. The para-meters of collected data were kind of species, number of fish, total length, and total weight. Data analyses were stock abundance (based on time trawling), diversity, richness, equity, and similarity between site sampling. The total fishes that were caugth were 1.224 individual that consisted of 105 species and 44 family of fishes. Total weight of sample was 55.3 kg, with the average stock abundance 0.27 kg/hour. Fishes catch composition were Apogonidae family 11,4%, Mulliidae family 35.7%, Nemipteridae family 16.3%, and Lutjanidae family 7,7%. Richness value index ranged of 1862 –3.121. Equitability index ranged of 0.329 – 0.576. Similarity index for station 3 and 6 was at 33.89% level; for station 1, 4, and 5 was at 20.31 % level, and for station 4 and 5 was at 45,30% level from the maximum value of 100%.</em>
COMPOSITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF MARINE SPONGES FROM DIFFERENT SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEMS IN KEPULAUAN SERIBU WATERS, JAKARTA
Authors: Ismet Meutia Samira , Bengen Dietriech G. , Radjasa Ocky Karna , Kawaroe Mujizat 
Published: October 2017

<em>A seagrass ecosystem has high productivity that supports many species of associated invertebrates, including sponges. However, seagrass beds with different habitat condition, including seagrass species composition and architectural morphotypes could affect the associative sponge in the ecosystem. This study is aimed to find out about sponge species composition in different seagrass beds. The observation was conducted in two seagrass ecosystems at the east (site 1) and at the southeast (site 2) of Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu, near Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. The Belt Transect was used to assess the density of sponges on the seagrass ecosystem, which was placed parallel to the coastline. The sponges species has higher number at the east than the southeast, with both sites was dominated by <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Spirastrella</span> </em>sp<em>. and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Agelas</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">conifer</span>a. Correspondence Analysis (CA) results showed that sponges community has close interaction with seagrass abundance especially <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Cymodocea</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">rotundata</span> and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Enhalus</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">acoroides</span> and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">architectural</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">characteristic</span> (patchily or continues meadows). Antibacterial assay of sponges tissue showed that only 7 sponge species has activity against targeting bacteria. The CA results also showed that sponge antibacterial activity was not correlated with seagrass species, with low bactericide and bacteriastatic activities. The implication of this result showed that sponges community can grow up at seagrass ecosystem eventhough their potential secondary metabolite activities is very low probably due to lack of stimulus mechanisms in the environment. </em>
REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS OF SCALLOPED PERCHLET, Ambassis nalua (HAMILTON, 1822) IN PABEAN BAY INDRAMAYU, WEST JAVA
Authors: Arianti Nisha Desfi , Rahardjo M.F. , Zahid Ahmad 
Published: October 2017

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><em>Scalloped perchle</em><em>t</em><em>, </em><em>Ambassis nalua</em><em>, </em><em> is one of fishes in Pabean Bay</em><em>, </em><em>Indramayu. This research aims to determine the reproductive </em><em>aspects </em><em>of Ambassis nalua in Pabean Bay Indramayu includ</em><em>ing</em><em> sex ratio, spawning season, first maturity, fecundity and spawning pattern. Fish samples were collected by trap net and trammel net at three site</em><em>s</em><em> in Pabean Bay</em><em> </em><em>from April to October 2015. A total of 424 of A. nalua were caught, consist of 114 males and 310 females; with total length range</em><em>d</em><em> from 38</em><em>.</em><em>04 to 112</em><em>.</em><em>63 mm and </em><em>total </em><em>weight </em><em>ranged from </em><em>0.37 </em><em>to </em><em>25.44 g. Sex ratio</em><em> of mature fish </em><em> </em><em>was 1:1.9</em><em>. The </em><em>mature </em><em>males and females were found </em><em>in </em><em>every month</em><em> of sampling period</em><em>. </em><em>The </em><em>gonado-somatic index (GSI) ranged from 0</em><em>.</em><em>40 to 0</em><em>.</em><em>83 </em><em>and 2.</em><em>36 to 4.54 for </em><em>male and </em><em>female</em><em>, respectively</em><em>. </em><em>The p</em><em>eak of spawning season</em><em> </em><em>was </em><em>found </em><em>in </em><em>September. The first maturity (Lm<sub>50</sub>)</em><em> </em><em>for male</em><em> and female were </em><em>79.17 mm</em><em> and </em><em>91.25 mm</em><em>, </em><em>respectively. The fecundity varied from 3</em><em>,</em><em>451–32</em><em>,</em><em>465</em><em> eggs.</em><em> </em><em>E</em><em>gg diameter </em><em>distribution </em><em>shows </em><em>that </em><em>spawning pattern of A. nalua was batch spawner.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><em> </em></p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Ambassis nalua, spawning season, sex ratio, reproduction</em>