bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate, invasive species and land use drive population dynamics of a cold‐water specialist
Authors: Kovach Ryan P. , Al‐Chokhachy Robert , Whited Diane C. , Schmetterling David A. , Dux Andrew M. , Muhlfeld Clint C. 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Climate change is an additional stressor in a complex suite of threats facing freshwater biodiversity, particularly for cold‐water fishes. Research addressing the consequences of climate change on cold‐water fish has generally focused on temperature limits defining spatial distributions, largely ignoring how climatic variation influences population dynamics in the context of other existing stressors.

We used long‐term data from 92 populations of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus – one of North America's most cold‐adapted fishes – to quantify additive and interactive effects of climate, invasive species and land use on population dynamics (abundance, variability and growth rate).

Populations were generally depressed, more variable and declining where spawning and rearing stream habitat was limited, invasive species and land use were prevalent and stream temperatures were highest. Increasing stream temperature acted additively and independently, whereas land use and invasive species had additive and interactive effects (i.e. the impact of one stressor depended on exposure to the other stressor).

Most (58%–78%) of the explained variation in population dynamics was attributed to the presence of invasive species, differences in life history and management actions in foraging habitats in rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Although invasive fishes had strong negative effects on populations in foraging habitats, proactive control programmes appeared to effectively temper their negative impact.

Synthesis and applications. Long‐term demographic data emphasize that climate warming will exacerbate imperilment of cold‐water specialists like bull trout, yet other stressors – especially invasive fishes – are immediate threats that can be addressed by proactive management actions. Therefore, climate‐adaptation strategies for freshwater biodiversity should consider existing abiotic and biotic stressors, some of which provide potential and realized opportunity for conservation of freshwater biodiversity in a warming world.
Whole genome sequence resource of Indian Zaprionus indianus
Authors: Khanna Radhika , Mohanty Sujata 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article documents the whole genome sequence information of the Indian Zaprionus indianus, a member of the fruit fly family Drosophilidae. The sequences were generated on an Illumina platform and reads and whole genome sequence submitted to NCBI to the SRA and BioProject databases, respectively. This is the first Indian Z. indianus whole genome (draft) submitted to the sequence repository with SRA reads. The details of methodology, assembly statistics and functional annotation are presented in this work.
Practical low‐coverage genomewide sequencing of hundreds of individually barcoded samples for population and evolutionary genomics in nonmodel species
Authors: Therkildsen Nina Overgaard , Palumbi Stephen R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractToday most population genomic studies of nonmodel organisms either sequence a subset of the genome deeply in each individual or sequence pools of unlabelled individuals. With a step‐by‐step workflow, we illustrate how low‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing of hundreds of individually barcoded samples is now a practical alternative strategy for obtaining genomewide data on a population scale. We used a highly efficient protocol to generate high‐quality libraries for ~6.5 USD from each of 876 Atlantic silversides (a teleost fish with a genome size ~730 Mb) that we sequenced to 1–4× genome coverage. In the absence of a reference genome, we developed a bioinformatic pipeline for mapping the genomic reads to a de novo assembled reference transcriptome. This provides an ‘in silico’ method for exome capture that avoids the complexities and expenses of using wet chemistry for target isolation. Using novel tools for analysis of low‐coverage data, we extracted population allele frequencies, individual genotype likelihoods and polymorphism data for 2 504 335 SNPs across the exome for the 876 fish. To illustrate the use of the resulting data, we present a preliminary analysis of geographical patterns in the exome data and a comparison of complete mitochondrial genome sequences for each individual (constructed from the low‐coverage data) that show population colonization patterns along the US east coast. With a total cost per sample of less than 50 USD (including sequencing) and ability to prepare 96 libraries in only 5 h, our approach adds a viable new option to the population genomics toolbox.
Quantification of Neural Ethanol and Acetaldehyde Using Headspace GC‐MS
Authors: Heit Claire , Eriksson Peter , Thompson David C. , Charkoftaki Georgia , Fritz Kristofer S. , Vasiliou Vasilis 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThere is controversy regarding the active agent responsible for alcohol addiction. The theory that ethanol (EtOH) itself was the agent in alcohol drinking behavior was widely accepted until acetaldehyde (AcH) was found in the brain. The importance of AcH formation in the brain is still subject to speculation due to the lack of a method to accurately assay the AcH levels directly. A highly sensitive gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) method to reliably determine AcH concentration with certainty is needed to address whether neural AcH is indeed responsible for increased alcohol consumption.MethodsA headspace gas chromatograph coupled to selected‐ion monitoring MS was utilized to develop a quantitative assay for AcH and EtOH. Our GC‐MS approach was carried out using a Bruker Scion 436‐GC SQ MS.ResultsOur approach yields limits of detection of AcH in the nanomolar range and limits of quantification in the low micromolar range. Our linear calibration includes 5 concentrations with a least‐square regression greater than 0.99 for both AcH and EtOH. Tissue analyses using this method revealed the capacity to quantify EtOH and AcH in blood, brain, and liver tissue from mice.ConclusionsBy allowing quantification of very low concentrations, this method may be used to examine the formation of EtOH metabolites, specifically AcH, in murine brain tissue in alcohol research.
Distinct resting‐state perfusion patterns underlie psychomotor retardation in unipolar vs. bipolar depression
Authors: Cantisani A. , Stegmayer K. , Bracht T. , Federspiel A. , Wiest R. , Horn H. , Müller T. J. , Schneider C. , Höfle O. , Strik W. , Walther S. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivePsychomotor abnormalities characterize both unipolar (UP) depression and bipolar (BP) depression. We aimed to assess their neurobiological correlates in terms of motor activity (AL) and resting‐state cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and investigate their association in BP, UP, and healthy controls (HC).MethodWe enrolled 42 depressed patients (22 BP, 20 UP) and 19 HC matched for age, gender, education, income. AL and rCBF were objectively assessed with the use of wrist actigraphy and arterial spin labeling. Group differences and the association of AL and rCBF were computed.ResultsActivity level was significantly reduced in patients, but no difference was found between BP and UP. Increased perfusion was found in BP compared with UP and HC, in multiple brain areas. We found positive correlations of rCBF and AL in BP and UP, in different parts of the insula and frontal regions. Only BP showed a cluster in the left precentral gyrus. In HC, only inverse correlations of AL and rCBF were found.ConclusionThe differences in rCBF and in the localization of the clusters of positive AL/rCBF correlations between BP and UP suggest that different neural impairments may underlie motor symptoms in the two disorders, but finally converge in phenotypically similar manifestations.
Quality of life in stabilized patients with schizophrenia is mainly associated with resilience and self‐esteem
Authors: Wartelsteiner F. , Mizuno Y. , Frajo‐Apor B. , Kemmler G. , Pardeller S. , Sondermann C. , Welte A. , Fleischhacker W. W. , Uchida H. , Hofer A. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveImproving quality of life (QoL) is an important objective in the treatment of schizophrenia. The aim of the current study was to examine to what extent resilience, self‐esteem, hopelessness, and psychopathology are correlated with QoL.MethodWe recruited 52 out‐patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM‐IV criteria and 77 healthy control subjects from the general community. In patients, psychopathology was quantified by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The following scales were used in both patients and control subjects: the Berliner Lebensqualitätsprofil, the Resilience Scale, the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale to assess QoL, resilience, self‐esteem, and hopelessness respectively.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia presented with significantly less QoL, resilience, self‐esteem, and hope compared to healthy control subjects. In patients, QoL correlated moderately with resilience, self‐esteem, and hopelessness and weakly with symptoms. With respect to the latter, particularly depression and positive symptoms were negatively correlated with QoL.ConclusionOur results highlight the complex nature of QoL in patients suffering from schizophrenia. They underscore that significant efforts are necessary to enhance resilience and self‐esteem and to diminish hopelessness as well as affective and positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
Prevalence and predictors of drinking, binge drinking, and related health and social problems in Puerto Rico
Authors: Caetano Raul , Vaeth Patrice A.C. , Canino Glorisa 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThis paper examines prevalence and predictors of drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol‐related social and health problems in Puerto Rico.MethodsRespondents constitute a multi‐stage household probability sample (N = 1,510) from San Juan, Puerto Rico. The response rate was 83%.ResultsMen compared to women (Coeff: .34; 95 CI = .19–.50;p < .001), those with more liberal norms (Coeff: 1.05; 95 CI = .87–1.23;p < .001) and those with more positive attitudes about drinking (Coeff: 1.06; 95 CI= .63–1.49;p < .001) have a higher average number of weekly drinks. Those in the 40–49 age group have a lower mean number of weekly drinks than those in the 18–29 age group (Coeff.: −.23; 95 CI = −.42–.03;p < .02). Those with income between $30,001 and $40,000 a year compared to those with less than $10,000, (OR: .28; 95 CI = .08–1.93;p < .039) report fewer social/health problems. Protestants compared to Catholics (AOR: 1.94; 95 CI = 1.08–3.47;p < .026), those with more liberal drinking norms (AOR: 3.62; 95 CI = 1.87–6.99;p < .001) and more positive attitudes about drinking (AOR: 3.41; 95 CI = 1.04–11.09;p < .001), and those who consume a higher number of drink per week (AOR: 1.03; 95 CI = 1.01–1.05;p < .001) and binge (AOR: 3.52; 95 CI = 2.14–5.80;p < .001) are more likely to report social and health problems associated with alcohol use.Discussion and ConclusionsThe finding that male gender is not associated with binge drinking and social and health problems was not expected. Puerto Ricans appear to drink less than the general population and Hispanics and Puerto Ricans on the U.S. mainland.Scientific SignificanceUp to date epidemiological findings provide information about high risk groups and correlates of alcohol problems in the population. These are now available for Puerto Rico and can be used in the design of prevention interventions. (Am J Addict 2016;25:478–485)
Pregnancy complications in singleton pregnancies with isolated fetal heart defects
Authors: van Velzen Christine L. , Türkeri Freya , Pajkrt Eva , Clur Sally‐Ann , Rijlaarsdam Marry E.B. , Bax Caroline J. , Hruda Jaroslav , de Groot Christianne J.M. , Blom Nico A. , Haak Monique C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroductionAs the prenatal detection rates of congenital heart defects (CHDs) increase, obstetricians are more frequently faced with pregnancies complicated by a fetal CHD. Congenital anomalies in general are associated with preterm birth and fetal demise. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the prevalence of preterm birth and fetal demise in singleton pregnancies with fetuses with isolated CHDs.Material and methodsA geographical cohort study was performed in a large region in the Netherlands. Fetuses and infants from singleton pregnancies diagnosed with severe isolated CHD, born between 1 January 2002 and 1 January 2012, were included. All cases in the CHD cohort were assessed for preterm birth or fetal demise. The proportions of preterm birth and fetal demise were compared with those in a control group and odds ratios were calculated.ResultsThe proportion of preterm births in the CHD cohort (n = 1013) was 9.1% (95% CI 7.3–10.9) compared with 5.6% (95% CI 5.4–5.8) in the control group, with an odds ratio of 1.7 (95% CI 1.4–2.1). The preterm birth started spontaneously in 49.5% and 38.4% were induced. In 15 cases fetal demise occurred (1.5%; 95% CI 0.8–2.2), compared with 0.7% (95% CI 0.6–0.8) in the control group, odds ratio 2.0 (95% CI 1.2–3.4).ConclusionsHigher rates of preterm birth and fetal demise occur in fetuses with isolated CHD compared with the general population. Prenatal specialists should be vigilant for signs of heart failure, premature closure of the foramen ovale or fetal distress in fetuses with isolated CHDs.
A comparison of autologous transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) monolayer sheet graft with RPE–Bruch's membrane complex graft in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Lu Yao , Han Liang , Wang Changguan , Dou Hongliang , Feng Xuefeng , Hu Yuntao , Feng Kang , Wang Xin , Ma Zhizhong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo compare the outcome after choroidal neovascular (CNV) membrane excision and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transplantation and make further evaluation of two types of RPE grafts on the visual function in patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), complicated by massive subretinal haemorrhage.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 80 patients who underwent CNV membrane excision with or without RPE transplantation. Two types of RPE grafts were adopted, RPE–Bruch's membrane complex graft (subgroup 1) and RPE monolayer sheet graft (subgroup 2). Outcome measures included pre‐ and postoperative visual acuity score (VAS), clinical findings, complications and recurrence rates.ResultsThe mean VAS [Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS)] in the CNV membrane excision group was 11.06 ± 18.28 at baseline and 14.41 ± 16.86 at follow‐up (p = 0.12) in a mean follow‐up period of 24.35 ± 9.31 months. While in subgroup 1, VAS increased from 22.62 ± 23.72 to 35.50 ± 24.46 (p = 0.02) in a mean period of 20.63 ± 6.25 months. The percentage of visual acuity (VA) improvement (at least two or more lines changed) in subgroup 1 is 62.5%, which is significantly higher than that in CNV excision group (23.5%), p = 0.02. In subgroup 2, VAS increased from 16.61 ± 27.98 to 29.16 ± 23.80 (p = 0.02) in a mean period of 21.72 ± 11.09 months. The percentage of VA improvement in subgroup 2 is 58.0%, which is also significantly higher than that in CNV excision group (23.5%), p = 0.02. Postoperative VA elevation was comparable between the two subgroups (p = 0.05). Complications including retinal detachment, proliferative vitreal retinopathy and CNV recurrence occurred in both techniques. Central fixation stability was observed in eight eyes in subgroup 1 and five eyes in subgroup 2.ConclusionsThe autologous RPE transplantation can increase the vision of patients with haemorrhagic AMD. Two types of autologous RPE grafts were both effective and comparable in restoring visual function and central fixation stability.
Assessment of retinal vascular calibres as a biomarker of disease activity in birdshot chorioretinopathy
Authors: Agrawal Rupesh , Joachim Nichole , Li Ling‐Jun , Lee Jiaying , Agarwal Aniruddha , Sim Dawn A. , Keane Pearse A. , Liew Gerald , Pavesio Carlos E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeBirdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR) is a potentially blinding ocular disorder involving the retinal vasculature and choroid without any systemic manifestations. The objective of the study was to describe vascular calibre changes in BCR and analyse the possibility of this optical biomarker for staging and monitoring disease activity in BCR.MethodsThis retrospective case–control study at a tertiary referral eye centre in the UK included 33 eyes from 21 patients with BCR and equal number of eyes from control subjects. Diagnosis of BCR was confirmed on fundus fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. Vascular calibres were measured using validated semiautomated software.ResultsPatients with BCR had smaller retinal venular calibres central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) than controls (211.3 versus 227.9 μm, p = 0.008). After adjusting for variables, the difference between the two groups for CRVE at baseline was statistically significant based on two different analysis methods. Central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) was lower at the 6‐month follow‐up visit (206.2 versus 213.8 μm, p‐value = 0.03), and arteriole‐to‐venule ratio was larger (0.74 versus 0.71, p = 0.04) in subjects with BCR. Arteriolar calibre (CRAE) remained the same.ConclusionThis study provides novel insight into the pattern of vascular involvement in BCR. There was significant difference in the CRVE in patients with BCR. More studies are needed to correlate this data with visual function and treatment outcome and to validate the findings.
Effects of multifocal soft contact lenses used to slow myopia progression on quality of vision in young adults
Authors: Kang Pauline , McAlinden Colm , Wildsoet Christine F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo assess the effects of multifocal soft contact lenses (MF SCLs) used for myopia control on visual acuity (VA) and subjective quality of vision.MethodsTwenty‐four young adult myopes had baseline high and low‐contrast VAs and refractions measured and quality of vision assessed by the Quality of Vision (QoV) questionnaire with single vision SCLs. Additional VA and QoV questionnaire data were collected immediately after subjects were fitted with Proclear MF SCLs and again after a 2‐week adaptation period of daily lens wear. Data were collected for two MF SCL designs, incorporating +1.50 and +3.00 D peripheral near additions, with a week washout period allowed between the two lens trials.ResultsHigh‐ and low‐contrast VAs were initially reduced with both MF SCL designs, but subsequently improved to be not significantly reduced in the case of high‐contrast VA by the end of the 2‐week adaptation period. The quality of vision was also reduced, more so with the +3.00 D MF SCL. Quality of Vision (QoV) scores describing frequency, severity and bothersome nature of visual symptoms indicated symptoms worsening rather than resolving over the 2‐week period, particularly so with the +3.00 D MF SCL.ConclusionLow and high add MF SCLs adversely affected vision on initial insertion, with sustained effects on low‐contrast VA and QoV scores but not high‐contrast VA. Thus, high‐contrast VA is not a suitable surrogate for quality of vision. In prescribing MF SCLs for myopia control, clinicians should educate patients about these effects on vision.
NATIONALIZATION OR PRIVATIZATION? THE FRAGMENTATION OF THE MAINSTREAM
Authors: VOSZKA Éva 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe 2008 global crisis brought about curiously inconsistent changes in state ownership: asset sales by governments and purchases of private stocks increased sharply and simultaneously. These concurrent instances of nationalization and privatization, on a major scale in historical terms, deserve attention. The paper examines why both now seem appropriate tools for crisis management in Europe and in the USA. It also estimates the scale of changes after 2008. The author argues that the rapid alternation, including parallel applications and mixed, ‘silent’ forms of nationalization and privatization, reflects ambiguity in political, theoretical and popular views. The uncertainty far exceeds ownership issues to include the role of the state in general, revealing fragmentation of measures in each direction: neither nationalization nor privatization has been based on any integrated, defined paradigm of economic policy.
Hypoxia exposure and B‐type natriuretic peptide release from Langendorff heart of rats
Authors: Anttila K. , Streng T. , Pispa J. , Vainio M. , Nikinmaa M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimWe studied whether available oxygen without induced mechanical stretch regulates the release of the biologically active B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) from Langendorff heart.MethodsRat hearts were isolated and perfused with a physiological Krebs–Henseleit solution at a constant hydrostatic pressure in Langendorff set‐up. The basal O2 level of perfusate (24.4 ± 0.04 mg L−1) was gradually lowered to 3.0 ± 0.01 mg L−1 over 20 min using N2 gas (n = 7). BNP and O2 level were measured from coronary flow. During control perfusions (n = 5), the O2 concentration was kept at 26.6 ± 0.3 mg L−1.ResultsA low oxygen concentration in the perfusate was associated with a significant increase in BNP release (F = 40.4, P < 0.001). Heart rate decreased when the oxygen concentration in the perfusate reached 9.1 ± 0.02 mg L−1 and continued to fall in lower oxygen concentrations (F = 14.8, P < 0.001). There was also a significant but inverse correlation between BNP and oxygen in the coronary flow (R2 = 0.27, P < 0.001).ConclusionIn the spontaneously beating Langendorff rat heart, a decreasing concentration of oxygen in the ingoing perfusion increased the secretion of BNP. The effect of oxygen was independent of mechanical stretch of the heart as it occurred even when the heart rate decreased but the pressure conditions remained constant. The difference in the oxygen capacitance of blood and Krebs–Henseleit solution appears to be a major factor affecting secretion of BNP, which is correlated with the oxygen tension of myocardial cells and affected both by the oxygen concentration and capacitance of solution perfusing the heart and by the coronary flow.