bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Osteoarthritis With Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly: Findings From the Progetto Veneto Anziano Study Cohort
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Trevisan Caterina , De Rui Marina , Bolzetta Francesco , Maggi Stefania , Zambon Sabina , Musacchio Estella , Sartori Leonardo , Perissinotto Egle , Crepaldi Gaetano , Manzato Enzo , Sergi Giuseppe 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveThe possible relevance of osteoarthritis (OA) as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor is still debated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between OA and the onset of CVD in older individuals.MethodsAmong a sample of 3,099 elderly subjects, 2,158 were identified as having no CVD at baseline and were followed up for a mean ± SD 4.4 ± 1.2 years. OA was defined using a standardized algorithm that investigated disease history, medical documentation (including radiographic reports), symptoms, and physical examination of the joints. Incident CVD was defined as the onset of coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke/transient ischemic attack, peripheral artery disease, and CVD‐related hospitalization or mortality.ResultsAt baseline, 1,336 (61.9%) of the 2,158 study participants had OA. Participants with OA had more potential CVD risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, high levels of low‐density lipoprotein, greater severity of inflammation, and worse renal function, than did those without OA. During the follow‐up, 47.8% of the subjects with OA developed a new CVD event, compared to 41.3% of those without OA. Using an adjusted Cox regression analysis, the presence of OA significantly increased the risk of CVD (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.49; P = 0.04). The association between OA and CVD was stronger when the hip or knee was affected, and also was stronger in women than in men and when ≥2 joints were involved. Considering single CVD outcomes, the presence of OA significantly increased the risk of new coronary artery disease, heart failure, and hospitalization for CVD.ConclusionOA may be a significant predictor of the onset of CVD in elderly individuals, particularly in women with OA and when OA affects the lower limbs or ≥2 joints are involved.
Techno‐economic analysis of cellulose dissolving ionic liquid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for fermentable sugars production
Authors: Baral Nawa Raj , Shah Ajay 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPretreatment of biomass is essential to produce fermentable sugars, which can be further transformed into biofuels. Most of the common pretreatment methods, including sulfuric acid pretreatment, lead to low sugar yields and high microbial inhibitors formation, and require an additional detoxification step prior to fermentation. Ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment has the potential to reduce or eliminate these problems, and, thus, recently, has gained significant attention as an alternative pretreatment technology. However, before commercial deployment, IL pretreatment requires a thorough assessment of its techno‐economic feasibilities and bottlenecks. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess the techno‐economic feasibility of a commercial‐scale IL pretreatment for a 113 million liter/year (30 million gal/year) cellulosic biorefinery and identify operational targets for process improvement. 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate IL was used for analyses, which is one of the mostly investigated ILs and is currently best at dissolving the lignocellulosic biomass. Corn stover, poplar, and switchgrass were used as the model feedstock. Input data were obtained from recent literatures on IL pretreatment of these feedstocks. Estimated sugar production costs ($/kg) from corn stover, switchgrass and poplar were 2.7, 3.2, and 3.0, respectively. IL recovery was identified to be the most sensitive parameter followed by IL cost and heat recovery. Furthermore, for IL pretreatment to be economically competitive with sulfuric acid pretreatment, >97% IL recovery, ≤$1/kg IL cost, and >90% waste heat recovery are necessary, all of which are very optimistic considerations at the present state of technology, thus requires further research and development efforts. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
When Does Construction Enhance Product Value? Investigating the Combined Effects of Object Assembly and Ownership on Valuation
Authors: Walasek Lukasz , Rakow Tim , Matthews William J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRecent findings have shown that even without the ability to customize a product, individuals pay more for goods that they assembled. In this paper we examine which components of this creation process account for the increase in valuation, and whether it operates equally for owners and non‐owners of the self‐assembled object. Based on the self‐extension theory of ownership, we propose a psychological mechanism by which the assembly process strengthens the self–object association. In three experiments, we find that—although witnessing the assembly process or assembling a similar product can increase participants' evaluation of, and attachment to, a product that they own—a greater and more consistent increase in valuation and attachment arises when owners assemble their product themselves. Seemingly, merely learning about the assembly process plays only a small role in enhancing value; for substantial increases in value, one must actually assemble the product oneself. Contrary to the previous findings on the effects of labour on willingness to pay, we find little effect of product assembly among non‐owners of the product. We suggest that self‐assembly encourages objects to be incorporated into the self, but that this occurs most effectively when one owns the product. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photovoltaic surfaces enable clonal myoblastic cell release using visible light as external stimulation
Authors: Bhuyan Mohammod Kabir , Rodriguez Jorge , Tseng Tzu‐Liang Bill , Boland Thomas 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMany new biomedical approaches to treating disease require the supply of cells delivered to an injured or diseased organ either individually, collectively as aggregates or sheets, or encapsulated with a scaffold. The collection of cells is accomplished by using enzymatic digestion witch suffer from the need to remove the enzymes after digestion. In addition, enzymatic methods are not applicable for all cells, cell aggregates, cell sheets or 3D structures. The objective of this study was to investigate the release of cultured cells from silicon based Photovoltaic (PV) surfaces using a light source as external stimulation. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured on the negative surface of a PV device and upon confluence they were exposed to light. The amount of released cells was quantified as a function light exposure. It was found that light exposure at 25 000 lux for one hour caused equivalent cell release from the PV surface than trypsination. The released cells are viable and can be re‐cultured if needed. This mechanism may offer an alternative method to release excitable cells without using an enzymatic agent. This may be important for cell therapy if larger cell structures such as sheets need to be collected.
Enzyme activity deviates due to spatial and temporal temperature profiles in commercial microtiter plate readers
Authors: Grosch Jan‐Hendrik , Sieben Michaela , Lattermann Clemens , Kauffmann Kira , Büchs Jochen , Spieß Antje C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMicrotiter plates (MTP) and automatized techniques are increasingly applied in the field of biotechnology. However, the susceptibility of MTPs to edge effects such as thermal gradients can lead to high variation of measured enzyme activities. In an effort to enhance experimental reliability, to quantify, and to minimize instrument‐caused deviations in enzyme kinetics between two MTP‐readers, we comprehensively quantified temperature distribution in 96‐well MTPs. We demonstrated the robust application of the absorbance dye cresol red as easily applicable temperature indicator in cuvettes and MTPs and determined its accuracy to ±0.16°C. We then quantified temperature distributions in 96‐well MTPs revealing temperature deviations over single MTP of up to 2.2°C and different patterns in two commercial devices (BioTek Synergy 4 and Synergy Mx). The obtained liquid temperature was shown to be substantially controlled by evaporation. The temperature‐induced enzyme activity variation within MTPs amounted to about 20 %. Activity deviations between MTPs and to those in cuvettes were determined to 40 % due to deviations from the set temperature in MTPs. In conclusion, we propose a better control of experimental conditions in MTPs or alternative experimental systems for reliable determination of kinetic parameters for bioprocess development.
Synthesis of Depo‐Medrol–chitosan hydrogel as new drug slow‐release appliance and investigation of release kinetics by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Alizadeh Reza , Jabbari Sara Majd , Zarnani Amir H. , Barghi Hamidreza 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe present study deals with preparation and optimization of a novel chitosan hydrogel‐based matrix by suspension cross‐linking method for controlled release of Depo‐Medrol. The controlled release of Depo‐Medrol for effective Rheumatoid arthritis disease has become an imperative field in the drug delivery system. In this context, it was intended to optimize loading circumstances by experimental design and also study the release kinetics of Depo‐Medrol entrapped in the chitosan matrix in order to obtain maximal efficiency for drug loading. The optimum concentrations of chitosan (2.5 g), glutaraldehyde (3.05 μL) and Depo‐Medrol (0.1 mg) were set up to achieve the highest value of drug loaded and the most sustained release from the chitosan matrix. In vitro monitoring of drug release kinetic using high‐performance liquid chromatography showed that 73% of the Depo‐Medrol was released within 120 min, whereas remained drug was released during the next 67 h. High correlation between first‐order and Higuchi's kinetic models indicates a controlled diffusion of Depo‐Medrol through the surrounding media. Moreover, recovery capacity >82% and entrapment efficiency of 58–88% were achieved under optimal conditions. Therefore, the new synthesized Depo Medrol–chitosan is an applicable appliance for arthritis therapy by slow release mechanism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment evolution for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer with recent introduction of novel agents: retrospective analysis of real‐world data
Authors: Flaig Thomas W. , Potluri Ravi C. , Ng Yvette , Todd Mary B. , Mehra Maneesha 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDespite increasing drug treatment options for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients, real‐world treatment data are lacking. We conducted retrospective analyses of commercial claims and electronic medical record (EMR) databases to understand how treatment patterns for mCRPC have changed in a US‐based real‐world population. Truven Health Analytics MarketScan® (2000–2013) and EMR (2004–2013) databases were used to identify patients with an index prostate cancer diagnosis (ICD‐9 codes 185X or 233.4X) and prescription claims for an mCRPC drug (mitoxantrone, estramustine, docetaxel, sipuleucel‐T, cabazitaxel, abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, or radium‐223). Regimen analyses for first line of therapy (LOT1), second line of therapy, and beyond were performed among cohorts based on year of first mCRPC drug usage. mCRPC drug usage and treatment duration were compared across cohorts and age groups within each cohort. The commercial claims cohort yielded 3437 evaluable patients. Most men (91%) commencing mCRPC treatment had docetaxel as LOT1 in 2010; this number had declined to 15% in 2013. In 2013, 67% and 9% of patients used abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide, respectively, as LOT1. Among both commercial claims and EMR cohorts, treatment pattern changes were most pronounced in men aged >80 years, and median treatment duration for some mCRPC drugs was shorter than expected based on available clinical trial information. These results demonstrate a shift in mCRPC treatments during the past 5 years, with greater use of newer noncytotoxic treatments than docetaxel. These real‐world data aid in understanding the changing role of chemotherapy in the management of mCRPC.
Ataxia and focal dystonia in Kallmann syndrome
Authors: Hernando‐Quintana Natalia , Playán‐Usón Jesús , Crespo‐Burillo José Antonio , Marín‐Cárdenas Miguel Ángel , Gazulla José 
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical MessageA case of Kallmann syndrome (KS) associated with rare neurological manifestations is presented. Cerebellar ataxia probably caused by a small posterior fossa and a focal dystonia affecting the left lower limb expand the spectrum of neurological manifestations occurring in KS. Further studies are needed to better understand these manifestations.
An Extension to the Analytical Evaluation of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Based On the Electrokinetics On a Rotating Ring–Disk Electrode
Authors: Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Wang Da‐Wei , Su Dang‐Sheng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe use of rotating ring–disk electrodes has become a general practice for evaluating the activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performed with electrocatalysts. This technique typically employs simple equations based on the charge/mass balance to calculate the average number of electrons transferred and the percentage of peroxide production. However, the underlying mechanistic assumptions of this analysis and the uncertainty involved when considering the catalytic decomposition of HO2− have not been well elucidated. This work demonstrates through electrokinetic derivations that the conventional formalism presumes a stepwise ORR pathway and four reaction parameters in total are provided for indexing ORR activity. Furthermore, we provide a method of current density deconvolution to separate the individual reaction components and exemplify its use for Tafel analysis. Finally, we provide analytical solutions to the reaction parameters for the ORR when heterogeneous HO2− decomposition is involved.
Development of a highly selective molecular topological index
Authors: Zhang Qingyou , Wu Chengcheng , Suo Jingjie , Zhou Yanmei , Xu Lu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe highly selective molecular topological indices EAID and 2‐EAID were extended in order to further improve their discrimination capability. The new 3‐EAID index is obtained as a combination of extended EAID index and the Wiener index. They were tested by screening three data sets of structures comprising over 36 million alkane trees with 25 vertices, 15 million benzenoids with 14 benzene rings, and 20 million compounds taken from real data sets. While EAID index respectively exhibited 75, 29, and 10 pair degeneracies in the three data sets, and 2‐EAID index respectively exhibited 15, 1, and 2 pair degeneracies, the 3‐EAID index could discriminate all unique molecules in virtual and real data sets with >107 million compounds including the molecules stated eralier. Therefore, the new index possesses not only significance in theory but also the practical application value for confirming new compounds (the number of registered substances in Chemical Abstracts Service in June 2015 is over 99 million). Also, 3‐EAID and 2‐EAID, as well as EAID could be used for administration of chemical information systems such as large structural data sets, evaluation of organic structures, and computer‐aided synthesis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gold(I) Vinylidene Complexes as Reactive Intermediates and Their Tendency to π‐Backbond
Authors: Nunes dos Santos Comprido Laura , Klein Johannes E. M. N. , Knizia Gerald , Kästner Johannes , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe herein report a computational study of the bonding in gold(I) vinylidene complexes and compare them to their carbene and CO analogues. The relevance of these intermediates is analysed for the intramolecular cyclisation leading to vinyl sulfonates.
CO2 Conversion into Esters by Fluoride‐Mediated Carboxylation of Organosilanes and Halide Derivatives
Authors: Frogneux Xavier , von Wolff Niklas , Thuéry Pierre , Lefèvre Guillaume , Cantat Thibault 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA one‐step conversion of CO2 into heteroaromatic esters is presented under metal‐free conditions. Using fluoride anions as promoters for the C−Si bond activation, pyridyl, furanyl, and thienyl organosilanes are successfully carboxylated with CO2 in the presence of an electrophile. The mechanism of this unprecedented reaction has been elucidated based on experimental and computational results, which show a unique catalytic influence of CO2 in the C−Si bond activation of pyridylsilanes. The methodology is applied to 18 different esters, and it has enabled the incorporation of CO2 into a polyester material for the first time.
Simultaneous Chiral Separation of Flavanone, Naringenin, and Hesperetin Enantiomers by RP‐UHPLC‐DAD
Authors: Baranowska Irena , Hejniak Judyta , Magiera Sylwia 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA rapid and effective RP‐UHPLC‐DAD method for enantioseparation of three flavanones, i.e., flavanone, naringenin, and hesperetin, was developed and validated. Chromatographic separation of the analytes was performed using a Chiralpak AD‐3R analytical column under reverse phase conditions with methanol as the mobile phase. The method was validated in the concentration range of 0.2 to 50 µg/mL for enantiomers of flavanone and 0.5 to 50 µg/mL for enantiomers of naringenin and hesperetin. The limits of quantification were between 0.03 to 0.5 µg/mL. Intraday and interday precision were below 14% and accuracy varied from 0.04 to 8.17%. Chirality 28:147–152, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Specific Optical Rotations and the Horeau Effect
Authors: Covington Cody L. , Polavarapu Prasad L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe observation of nonequivalence of optical and enantiomeric purities, referred to as the Horeau effect, is thought to arise from molecular aggregation in liquid solutions. Although this effect was first observed in 1969, the conditions under which this effect may, or may not, be observable are not established. Considering the formation of dimers as the simplest form of aggregation, the expressions for specific optical rotations in the presence of homochiral and heterochiral monomer–dimer equilibria are presented. Analysis of these equations indicates that the Horeau effect will not be observable even in the presence of aggregation under either of the following two situations: 1) The specific optical rotation of the monomeric species is equal to that of the dimeric species; 2) The heterochiral equilibrium constant is twice that of the homochiral equilibrium constant. Chirality 28:181–185, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanistic Features of the TiO2 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis of Arsenic and Uranyl Nitrate in Aqueous Suspensions Studied by the Stopped‐Flow Technique
Authors: Meichtry Jorge M. , Levy Ivana K. , Mohamed Hanan H. , Dillert Ralf , Bahnemann Detlef W. , Litter Marta I. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe dynamics of the transfer of electrons stored in TiO2 nanoparticles to AsIII, AsV, and uranyl nitrate in water was investigated by using the stopped‐flow technique. Suspensions of TiO2 nanoparticles with stored trapped electrons (etrap−) were mixed with solutions of acceptor species to evaluate the reactivity by following the temporal evolution of etrap− by the decrease in the absorbance at λ=600 nm. The results indicate that AsV and AsIII cannot be reduced by etrap− under the reaction conditions. In addition, it was observed that the presence of AsV and AsIII strongly modified the reaction rate between O2 and etrap−: an increase in the rate was observed if AsV was present and a decrease in the rate was observed in the presence of AsIII. In contrast with the As system, UVI was observed to react easily with etrap− and UIV formation was observed spectroscopically at λ=650 nm. The possible competence of UVI and NO3− for their reduction by etrap− was analyzed. The inhibition of the UVI photocatalytic reduction by O2 could be attributed to the fast oxidation of UV and/or UIV.
Cardiovascular complications of anorexia nervosa: A systematic review
Authors: Sachs Katherine V. , Harnke Ben , Mehler Philip S. , Krantz Mori J. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveAnorexia nervosa portends the highest mortality among psychiatric diseases, despite primarily being a disease of adolescents and younger adults. Although some of this mortality risk is attributable to suicide, many deaths are likely cardiovascular in etiology. Recent studies suggest that adverse myocardial structural changes occur in this condition, which could underlie the increased mortality. Given limited prevalence of severe anorexia there is a paucity of clinical and autopsy data to discern an exact cause of death.MethodsGiven this background we conducted a systematic review of the medical literature to provide a contemporary summary of the pathobiologic sequelae of severe anorexia nervosa on the cardiovascular system. We sought to elucidate the impact of anorexia nervosa in four cardiovascular domains: structural, repolarization/conduction, hemodynamic, and peripheral vascular.ResultsA number of cardiac abnormalities associated with anorexia nervosa have been described in the literature, including pericardial and valvular pathology, changes in left ventricular mass and function, conduction abnormalities, bradycardia, hypotension, and dysregulation in peripheral vascular contractility. Despite the prevalent theory that malignant arrhythmias are implicated as a cause of sudden death in this disorder, data to support this causal relationship are lacking.DiscussionIt is reasonable to obtain routine electrocardiography and measurements of orthostatic vital signs in patients presenting with anorexia nervosa. Echocardiography is generally not indicated unless prompted by clinical signs of disease. Admission to an inpatient unit with telemetry monitoring is recommended for patients with severe sinus bradycardia or junction rhythm, marked prolongation of the corrected QT interval, or syncope.
Media exposure and associated stress contribute to eating pathology in women with Anorexia Nervosa: Daily and momentary associations
Authors: White Emily K. , Warren Cortney S. , Cao Li , Crosby Ross D. , Engel Scott G. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Mitchell James E. , Peterson Carol B. , Crow Scott J. , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe examined whether media exposure and media‐induced stress contributed to eating disorder behaviors immediately and over the course of a day in women with anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodWomen with AN (N = 118) completed a 2‐week ecological momentary assessment protocol during which they reported on exposure to food, shape, or weight‐related media, associated stress, and eating behaviors.ResultsFood, weight, or shape‐related media exposure alone did not predict more frequent daily eating disorder behaviors. However, stress associated with media exposure was prospectively associated with a greater likelihood of binge eating and vomiting at the next assessment point. In addition, media‐induced stress increased the probability of restrictive eating and fluid intake, vomiting, and laxative abuse across the day.DiscussionMedia‐induced stress may contribute to increased eating disorder behaviors in women with AN, as women who saw a media image and reported this experience as stressful were more likely to engage in momentary binge eating or vomiting. Reducing stress associated with viewing media images could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention with disordered eating. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:617–621).