bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Private Sector Involvement in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Using a UN platform to promote market‐based instruments for ecosystem services
Authors: Hrabanski Marie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe article analyses the implication of private sector representatives in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) (2001–2005). The article shows that, before this international biodiversity assessment, firms were involved in three coalitions: the greenhouse gas pro‐trading coalition, the voluntary private standard coalition and the payment for environmental services coalition. These three coalitions all advocated a particular style of regulation that gave overwhelming emphasis to market‐based policy instruments. Corporate experts from the three coalitions identified were recruited to participate in the MEA. Thanks to the political visibility given to the ecosystem services concept by the MEA, private industry was able to strengthen and legitimize its actions in favour of market‐based environmental governance. At the same time, associating private sector representatives with the MEA process made it easier to disseminate the concept of ecosystem services. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Sorting polymers by size via an array of viscous posts
Authors: VandeSande Matthew C. , Pasut Daniel J. , de Haan Hendrick W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDNA fragments can be sorted according to size by forcing them through an array of nanoposts. Whereas previous studies have explored solid nanoposts, this work examines nanoposts constructed out of viscous inclusions. Langevin dynamics simulations are used to study the dynamics of polymers driven through arrays of these viscous nanoposts for a range of post viscosities. The results are compared to the solid post case. Increasing post viscosity causes a decrease in the mobility of polymers traversing the array. In the limit of high post viscosity, the mobility becomes lower than in the solid post arrays, rather than converging to it. Analysis of the distributions of event times also shows that the viscous case is fundamentally different from the solid post case. The decrease in mobility in the viscous case arises from slowing down the polymer as it interacts with or even moves through the nanoposts, whereas the solid post case exhibits wrapping and unwrapping dynamics, yielding escape‐like statistics. This work suggests that it may be possible to use viscous inclusions within nanofluidic and microfluidic devices to sort biomolecules with high resolution.
Cortical disconnection of the ipsilesional primary motor cortex is associated with gait speed and upper extremity motor impairment in chronic left hemispheric stroke
Authors: Peters Denise M. , Fridriksson Julius , Stewart Jill C. , Richardson Jessica D. , Rorden Chris , Bonilha Leonardo , Middleton Addie , Gleichgerrcht Ezequiel , Fritz Stacy L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAdvances in neuroimaging have enabled the mapping of white matter connections across the entire brain, allowing for a more thorough examination of the extent of white matter disconnection after stroke. To assess how cortical disconnection contributes to motor impairments, we examined the relationship between structural brain connectivity and upper and lower extremity motor function in individuals with chronic stroke. Forty‐three participants [mean age: 59.7 (±11.2) years; time poststroke: 64.4 (±58.8) months] underwent clinical motor assessments and MRI scanning. Nonparametric correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between structural connectivity amid a subsection of the motor network and upper/lower extremity motor function. Standard multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between cortical necrosis and disconnection of three main cortical areas of motor control [primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PMC), and supplementary motor area (SMA)] and motor function. Anatomical connectivity between ipsilesional M1/SMA and the (1) cerebral peduncle, (2) thalamus, and (3) red nucleus were significantly correlated with upper and lower extremity motor performance (P ≤ 0.003). M1–M1 interhemispheric connectivity was also significantly correlated with gross manual dexterity of the affected upper extremity (P = 0.001). Regression models with M1 lesion load and M1 disconnection (adjusted for time poststroke) explained a significant amount of variance in upper extremity motor performance (R2 = 0.36–0.46) and gait speed (R2 = 0.46), with M1 disconnection an independent predictor of motor performance. Cortical disconnection, especially of ipsilesional M1, could significantly contribute to variability seen in locomotor and upper extremity motor function and recovery in chronic stroke. Hum Brain Mapp 39:120–132, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contaminant transport in a small deformation aquitard affected by the delayed drainage phenomenon
Authors: Li Zhaofeng , Zhou Zhifang , Dai Yunfeng , Huang Yong , Guo Qiaona , Zhou Cuiying 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a formulation accounting for the effect of delayed drainage phenomenon (DDP) on the breakthrough of contaminant flux in an aquitard, by considering the movement of soil particles, porosity variation, hydraulic head variation, and transient flow during the consolidation. The water flow equation in an aquitard was based on the Terzaghi's consolidation theory, and the contaminant transport equation was derived on the basis of the mass balance law. Two cases were used to illustrate the effect of DDP on the contaminant transport in an aquitard of small deformation. It is found that the breakthrough time of contaminant in an aquitard is very long, which is mainly ascribed to the low permeability of aquitard and sorption of soil particles. It is also found that the increase of depletion, which is in general induced by the increase of thickness and specific storativity and the decrease of hydraulic conductivity, enhances the impact of DDP on the contaminant transport in an aquitard. A larger delay index (τ0) of DDP gives a greater delay breakthrough time (DBT) of solute transport in an aquitard, which controls the difference of the breakthrough time of contaminant transport in aquitards with and without the occurrence of DDP. For the cases where advection plays a dominant role during the process of solute transport, τ0 is almost linearly correlated with DBT, and the ratio of DBT over the breakthrough time without consideration of DDP also approximately shows a linear relationship with the ratio of specific storativity to porosity, given a fixed drawdown in the adjacent aquifer with the sorption being ignored.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effect of bipolar electrocoagulation during laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma stripping on ovarian reserve
Authors: Deckers Paula , Ribeiro Sérgio Conti , Simões Ricardo dos Santos , Miyahara Camila Barião da Fonseca , Baracat Edmund Chada 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic stripping is the gold‐standard treatment for ovarian endometriosis. The choice of hemostasis method might affect ovarian reserve.ObjectivesTo determine whether bipolar electrocoagulation is more detrimental to ovarian reserve than non‐thermal hemostasis methods.Search strategyEntry terms associated with the MeSH terms “endometrioma,” “laparoscopy,” and “ovarian reserve” were used to search databases for articles published up to April 3, 2017, in English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Italian.Selection criteriaRandomized controlled trials comparing the 3‐month postoperative serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) level in premenopausal women undergoing laparoscopic stripping with bipolar hemostasis or non‐thermal hemostasis methods were selected.Data collection and analysisData were extracted by two independent reviewers and a meta‐analysis was performed.Main resultsThree studies met the inclusion criteria; overall, 105 patients underwent surgery with bipolar electrocoagulation and 105 patients underwent surgery with an alternative hemostasis method. The AMH level 3 months after surgery was decreased in the bipolar electrocoagulation group (mean difference −0.79 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval −1.19 to −0.39).ConclusionsBipolar electrocoagulation negatively impacts ovarian reserve and should be avoided, especially for patients with reproductive goals.
Role of pncA gene mutations W68R and W68G in pyrazinamide resistance
Authors: Aggarwal Mansi , Singh Aditi , Grover Sonam , Pandey Bharati , Kumari Anchala , Grover Abhinav 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) resistance toward anti‐tuberculosis drugs is a widespread problem. Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a first line antitubercular drug that kills semi‐dormant bacilli when converted into its activated form, that is, pyrazinoic acid (POA) by Pyrazinamidase (PZase) enzyme coded by pncA gene. In this study, we conducted several analyses on native and mutant structures (W68R, W68G) of PZase before and after docking with the PZA drug to explore the molecular mechanism behind PZA resistance caused due to pncA mutations. Structural changes caused by mutations were studied with respect to their effects on functionality of protein. Docking was performed to analyze the protein‐drug binding and comparative analysis was done to observe how the mutations affect drug binding affinity and binding site on protein. Native PZase protein was observed to have the maximum binding affinity in terms of docking score as well as shape complementarity in comparison to the mutant forms. Molecular dynamics simulation analyses showed that mutation in the 68th residue of protein results in a structural change at its active site which further affects the biological function of protein, that is, conversion of PZA to POA. Mutations in the protein thereby led to PZA resistance in the bacterium due to the inefficient binding.
Identification of over expressed proteins in oral submucous fibrosis by proteomic analysis
Authors: Das Tapasi , Prodhan Chandraday , Patsa Santanu , Ray Jay Gopal , Chaudhuri Keya 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEarly detection and identification of oral pre‐malignancy or malignancy help in management of the disease and improve survival rates. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a major threat to public health worldwide and especially in Southeast Asian countries. Identification of biomarkers is a necessary step toward early diagnosis and treatment. In this study, differentially expressed proteins between oral submucous fibrotic tissue and normal control tissues were recorded by proteomic analysis using two dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. By proteomic analysis, 15 proteins were found to be upregulated and 10 proteins downregulated in the OSMF tissues than the control tissues; among these identified proteins, Hsp‐70 1B, Calreticulin, and Lumican variant exhibited higher expression in OSMF tissues compared to the control tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis also showed elevated expression of these in OSMF tissues. Further validation was done by real time quantitative RT‐PCR analysis; gene expression of Hsp‐70 1B, Calreticulin, and Lumican variant were significantly increased (6.2‐, 3.3‐, 2.8‐ fold, respectively), whereas Enolase 1 was decreased by 0.5 fold in the OSMF tissues, consistent with proteomic results. The expression of proteins indicates that various cellular signaling pathways must be involved in the processes of fibrosis and suggests that expressed protein molecules play an important role in the pathogenesis of OSMF. These identified proteins may be potentially used in future studies of OSMF enabling to determine diagnostic marker or therapeutic targets of this precancerous condition of oral cavity.
A new source for developing multi‐functional products: biological and chemical perspectives on subcritical water extracts of Sambucus ebulus L.
Authors: Cvetanović Aleksandra , Zeković Zoran , Švarc‐Gajić Jaroslava , Razić Slavica , Damjanović Ana , Zengin Gokhan , Delerue‐Matos Cristina , Moreira Manuela 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo obtain bioactive fractions from plant material subcritical water is notably advantageous in comparison to any other technique. Excellent solvating properties and selectivity combined with finely tuned reactivity of subcritical water enable exploitation of the potential of plants. Herein subcritical water extraction was used for recovery of bioactive compounds from leaves, roots and fruits of Sambucus ebulus L. Extracts obtained were characterized in terms of biological and chemical fingerprints.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONResults obtained by using several antioxidant assays that focused on different mechanisms showed that subcritical water extracts of Sambucus ebulus were powerful antioxidants. Enzyme inhibitory effects were tested against α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase and tyrosinase, and the results showed the anti‐diabetic potential of the extracts as well as its possible use with skin disorders. Antiproliferative properties were detected on three cell lines (A‐549; LS‐174 T; HeLa) and showed prominent cytotoxicity against all tumor cell lines. Inhibitory concentrations obtained were in the range 0.58–8.10 μg mL‐1. Generally, the SCW extracts from leaves exhibited stronger biological activities with higher levels of phenolic compounds compared with the roots and fruits of Sambucus ebulus. Gallic acid, catechin and caffeic acid were identified as major components in these extracts and these components seem to relate with observed biological activity.CONCLUSIONThe results obtained suggest that Sambucus ebulus has great potential for preparing new phyto‐pharmaceuticals and functional food ingredients. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Anti‐mycobacterial Activities of 8‐OMe Ciprofloxacin‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐isatin‐(thio) Semicarbazide/Oxime Hybrids
Authors: Xu Zhi , Song Xufeng , Hu Yuanqiang , Qiang Min , Lv Zaosheng 
Published: October 2017

A series of novel 8‐OMe ciprofloxacin (8‐OMe CPFX)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐isatin‐(thio) semicarbazide/oxime hybrids 6a–l with the capacity to form hydrogen bond were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro anti‐mycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv and MDR‐TB as well as cytotoxicity. All the synthesized hybrids (MIC: 0.39–16 μg/mL) exhibited excellent activities against MTB H37Rv and MDR‐TB, and the majority of them were more potent than the parent 8‐OMe CPFX (MIC: 1.56 and 2.0 μg/mL, respectively). In particular, the most active conjugate 6h (MIC: 0.39 and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively) was two to eight times more potent in vitro than the references CPFX (MIC: 3.12 and 4.0 μg/mL, respectively) and 8‐OMe CPFX against the tested strains and was comparable with or 64‐folds more potent than RIF (MIC: 0.39 and 64 μg/mL, respectively) against MTB H37Rv and MDR‐TB, respectively. In addition, all conjugates (CC50: 16–64 μg/mL) showed acceptable cytotoxicity, although most of them were more toxic than the parent (CC50: 64 μg/mL) in VERO cell line.
Asian American Female College Students' Subjective Femininity Conceptualizations: Using a Mixed‐Methods Approach
Authors: Chang Tiffany K. , Wong Y. Joel , Liu Tao , Tran Kimberly 
Published: October 2017

This mixed‐methods study explored 184 Asian American female college students' subjective femininity conceptualizations and their associations with family conflict. A direct content analysis of responses identified 5 categories of subjective femininity conceptualizations: model minority, physical attributes, traditional femininity, subordinate roles, and modern femininity. Conceptualizations of subordinate roles were positively related to intensity of family conflict. Interdependent self‐construal moderated the relationship between subjective conceptualizations of subordinate roles, modern femininity, and intensity of family conflict. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.Este estudio de métodos combinados exploró las conceptualizaciones subjetivas de feminidad y sus asociaciones con conflictos familiares entre 184 estudiantes universitarias asiático‐americanas. Un análisis directo del contenido de las respuestas identificó 5 categorías de conceptualizaciones subjetivas de feminidad: modelo de minoría, atributos físicos, feminidad tradicional, roles subordinados y feminidad moderna. Las conceptualizaciones de roles subordinados se relacionaron de forma positiva con la intensidad de los conflictos familiares. La autoconstrucción interdependiente moderó la relación entre las conceptualizaciones subjetivas de roles subordinados, la feminidad moderna y la intensidad de los conflictos familiares. Se discuten las implicaciones clínicas de estos hallazgos.
Relating sensory profiles of canned amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus), cleome (Cleome gynandra), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris) leaves to consumer acceptance
Authors: Onyeoziri Isiguzoro O , Kinnear Marise , de Kock Henriëtta L 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe younger generation of South Africans generally do not consume traditional meals prepared using African green leafy vegetables, primarily because they are regarded as bitter, “poverty” foods. Canning of these vegetables could create value‐added products that can be sold in the commercial market. Descriptive sensory evaluation and consumer acceptance testing with young females were used to assess the potential of such products.RESULTSThe sensory attributes of amaranth, cleome and cowpea leaves canned in brine and in a cream sauce were described using 21 attributes grouped by aroma, taste, texture/mouthfeel and aftertaste. Amaranth and Swiss chard products were described as sweet with a popcorn‐like aroma. Cleome products were described as bitter, sour, pungent, chemical‐tasting, astringent, sandy with a metallic mouthfeel and strong aftertaste. Cowpea products were described as having woody and tobacco aromas as well as a chewy and cohesive texture. Among the products canned with a cream sauce, young female consumers preferred amaranth and Swiss chard; cowpea was less liked, while cleome was least liked.CONCLUSIONSCanned amaranth leaves have potential as a commercial product that may be well liked by young consumers. The cowpea leaves product has consumer potential, but the formulation needs revision, while canned cleome leaves need further research work. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Selected results of DNA‐based species identification on animal foods
Authors: Colombo Fabio M , Cattaneo Patrizia , Bernardi Cristian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnimal food species identification by DNA sequencing has been increasing in recent years. During the last 10 years our species identification laboratory (LIS) produced nearly 1500 sequences from DNA of food species by means of polymerase chain reaction product sequencing. In this paper we desire to make public the LIS output of the last 10 years; that is, summarizing food species authentication projects that yielded good‐quality (i.e. provided by Genbank accession number) DNA sequences.RESULTSThirteen project clusters yielded n = 705 sequences with accession number.CONCLUSIONThe most relevant characteristics from the aforementioned project clusters were summarized. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Recent progress in nucleic acids isotachophoresis
Authors: Datinská Vladimíra , Voráčová Ivona , Schlecht Ulrich , Berka Jan , Foret František 
Published: October 2017

AbstractProgress achieved between 2014–2017 in the extraction and sample preparation of nucleic acid by isotachophoresis is reviewed in this paper. The isolation and purification of nucleic acids is very often compromised by a complex matrix such as blood and other bodily fluids, samples from the scene of crime, fossil samples, etc. While most of the common nucleic acids isolation techniques are based on extraction with inherent limitations with regard to quantitative results, isotachophoretic focusing is a quantitative process with a theoretically unlimited concentration factor. Since isotachophoresis belongs to less traditional approaches of nucleic acids purification, we present not only the latest developments in the application of isotachophoresis for the nucleic acids concentration but also a brief description of the principles of this method.
Non‐seagrass carbon contributions to seagrass sediment blue carbon
Authors: Oreska Matthew P. J. , Wilkinson Grace M. , McGlathery Karen J. , Bost Molly , McKee Brent A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNon‐seagrass sources account for ∼ 50% of the sediment organic carbon (SOC) in many seagrass beds, a fraction that may derive from external organic matter (OM) advected into the meadow and trapped by the seagrass canopy or produced in situ. If allochthonous carbon fluxes are responsible for the non‐seagrass SOC in a given seagrass bed, this fraction should decrease with distance from the meadow perimeter. Identifying the spatial origin of SOC is important for closing seagrass carbon budgets and “blue carbon” offset‐credit accounting, but studies have yet to quantify and map seagrass SOC stocks by carbon source. We measured sediment δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S throughout a large (6 km2), restored Zostera marina (eelgrass) meadow and applied Bayesian mixing models to quantify total SOC contributions from possible autotroph sources, Z. marina, Spartina alterniflora, and benthic microalgae (BMA). Z. marina accounted for < 40% of total meadow SOC, but we did not find evidence for outwelling from the fringing S. alterniflora salt‐marsh or OM advection from bare subtidal areas. S. alterniflora SOC contributions averaged 10% at sites both inside and outside of the meadow. The BMA fraction accounted for 51% of total meadow SOC and was highest at sites furthest from the bare subtidal‐meadow edge, indicative of in situ production. 210Pb profiles confirmed that meadow‐enhanced sedimentation facilitates the burial of in situ BMA. Deducting this contribution from total SOC would underestimate total organic carbon fixation within the meadow. Seagrass meadows can enhance BMA burial, which likely accounts for most of the non‐seagrass SOC stored in many seagrass beds.
Warming increases the number of apparent prey in reaction field volume of zooplanktivorous fish
Authors: Gliwicz Z. Maciej , Babkiewicz Ewa , Kumar Rajeev , Kunjiappan Selvaraj , Leniowski Konrad 
Published: October 2017

AbstractImproved vision due to the cranial endothermy known in large‐bodied marine fishes suggests that increased water temperature alone might also increase the speed with which visual information can be processed and therefore improve the vision of small planktivorous fish without invoking endothermic heating. We check this for two freshwater species by testing whether a temperature increase results in an increase in the reaction distance (RD), the distance from which a foraging fish can spot its tiny zooplankton prey. We demonstrate that at a given light intensity, with a temperature increase of 10°C, both the reaction field volume and prey encounter rate of planktivorous fish are doubled due to a 21–23% increase in RD. This was found for each of the two small‐bodied freshwater planktivorous fishes: rudd from the temperate zone (foraging at 16°C and 26°C), and Malabar danio from the tropics (foraging at 21°C and 31°C), and may be expected to be important for other fishes as well. An increase in RD at a higher temperature could translate into a higher “apparent prey density” or number of prey within the reaction field volume of a foraging fish (a vertically flattened hemisphere or cone with a horizontal radius equal to the RD). For fish in the wild, this information may compel them to continue foraging despite a low actual density of prey in the habitat. This is particularly important while feeding under the risk of predation, when attention is partially allocated to risk assessment.