bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Karst-specific composite model for informed resource management decisions on the Biosfera de la Reserva Selva el Ocote, Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Kovarik Johanna L. , van Beynen Philip E. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
High permeability and rapid recharge in karst aquifers make them susceptible to contamination. We combined a groundwater vulnerability map with an environmental disturbance index to give an adaptable spatial tool for developing management strategies for a karst environment in the Reserva de la Biosfera Selva el Ocote (el Ocote), Chiapas, Mexico. Seventy-two per cent of the study area is classified as an area of least concern for management, with 60% falling within el Ocote. Consequently, although there are concerns regarding the vulnerability of the karst ecosystem, the lack of development and the natural protection of the ecosystem, the immediate need for remedial action by the area's managers is currently minimal. About 27% of the study area is classified by the composite model as of moderate concern, with 34% within el Ocote. This reflects a balance between areas of moderate and high vulnerability, but little disturbance. Based on the management zones created by this study, much of the sub-catchment is zoned as of least or moderate concern, where disturbance has not occurred. As such, the opportunity exists to prevent major human impacts on vulnerable areas and the entire ecosystem, but only if local stakeholders are incorporated into this process of limiting development.
Characterization and hydraulic behaviour of the complex karst of the Kaibab Plateau and Grand Canyon National Park, USA
Authors: Jones Casey J. R. , Springer Abraham E. , Tobin Benjamin W. , Zappitello Sarah J. , Jones Natalie A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The Kaibab Plateau and Grand Canyon National Park in the USA contain both shallow and deep karst systems, which interact in ways that are not well known, although recent studies have allowed better interpretations of this unique system. Detailed characterization of sinkholes and their distribution on the surface using geographical information system and LiDAR data can be used to relate the infiltration points to the overall hydrogeological system. Flow paths through the deep regional geological structure were delineated using non-toxic fluorescent dyes. The flow characteristics of the coupled aquifer system were evaluated using hydrograph recession curve analysis via discharge data from Roaring Springs, the sole source of the water supply for the Grand Canyon National Park. The interactions between these coupled surface and deep karst systems are complex and challenging to understand. Although the surface karst behaves in much the same way as karst in other similar regions, the deep karst has a base flow recession coefficient an order of magnitude lower than many other karst aquifers throughout the world. Dye trace analysis reveals rapid, conduit-dominated flow that demonstrates fracture connectivity along faults between the surface and deep karst. An understanding of this coupled karst system will better inform aquifer management and research in other complex karst systems.
Preliminary analysis of the decrease in water level of Vrana Lake on the small carbonate island of Cres (Dinaric karst, Croatia)
Authors: Bonacci Ognjen 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

A strong and potentially dangerous decreasing trend in the level of water in Vrana Lake over the last three decades was analysed. This freshwater lake is a unique karst hydrology feature located on the small Adriatic island of Cres (405.71 km
2
), which is entirely composed of carbonate rocks. The lake is situated in a large cryptodepression and its base reaches a depth of 61.3 m below mean sea-level. The lake is a complex hydrological–hydrogeological system with an average water volume of
c.
220 × 10
6
m
3
. The larger geographical region has been affected by an increase in air temperature over the last
c.
40 years. This exceptionally clean freshwater lake is the only source of potable water for the whole Cres archipelago. A dangerous drop in the water level of the lake started in 1983. This decreasing trend is driven by both global climate change and anthropogenic (the overexploitation of water) factors.
Atrioesophageal Fistula
Authors: Han Hui-Chen , Ha Francis J. , Sanders Prashanthan , Spencer Ryan , Teh Andrew W. , O’Donnell David , Farouque Omar , Lim Han S. 
Published: November 2017

Background
Percutaneous or surgical ablation are increasingly used worldwide in the management of atrial fibrillation. The development of atrioesophageal fistula (AEF) is among the most serious and lethal complications of atrial fibrillation ablation. We sought to characterize the clinical presentation, procedural characteristics, diagnostic investigations, and treatment outcomes of all reported cases of AEF.

Methods and Results

Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed and Embase for English scientific literature articles. Out of 628 references, 120 cases of AEF were identified using various ablation modalities. Clinical presentation occurred between 0 and 60 days postablation (median 21 days). Fever (73%), neurological (72%), gastrointestinal (41%), and cardiac (40%) symptoms were the commonest presentations. Computed tomography of the chest was the commonest mode of diagnosis (68%), although 7 cases required repeat testing. Overall mortality was 55%, with significantly reduced mortality in patients undergoing surgical repair (33%) compared with endoscopic treatment (65%) and conservative management (97%) (adjusted odds ratio, 24.9;
P
<0.01, compared with surgery). Multivariable predictors of mortality include presentation with neurological symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, 16.0;
P
<0.001) and gastrointestinal bleed (adjusted odds ratio, 4.2;
P
=0.047).

Conclusions
AEF complicating atrial fibrillation ablation is associated with a high mortality. Clinicians should have a high suspicion for the development of AEF in patients presenting with infective, neurological, gastrointestinal, or cardiac symptoms within 2 months of an atrial fibrillation ablation. Investigation by contrast computed tomography of the chest with consideration of repeat testing can lead to prompt diagnosis. Surgical intervention is associated with improved survival rates.
Molecular characterization and expression of the p38 MAPK gene from the ridgetail white prawn, Palaemon carinicauda Holthuis, 1950 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)
Authors: Xue Bei , Zhang Pei , Li Zhi H. , Zhao Lian , Lai Xiao F. , Chen Jian H. , Gao Huan , Yan Bin L. 
Published: November 2017

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are a kind of Ser/Thr protein kinases that convert extracellular stimuli into a wide range of cellular response, appearing to function not only in stress stimuli but also in development. To explore the function of p38 MAPK in Palaemon carinicauda Holthuis, 1950, we cloned and characterized the full-length cDNA sequence (GenBank accession number KX893515) (designated as Pc-p38). The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of Pc-p38 was 1098 bp and it encoded a protein of 365 amino acids. Pc-p38 contained the conserved structures of a Thr-Gly-Tyr (TGY) motif and a substrate-binding site, Ala-Thr-Arg-Trp (ATRW), and was shown to have a close phylogenetic relationship to other p38 MAPKs in crustaceans. The tissue distribution patterns showed that Pc-p38 was widely expressed in all tissues, with highest expression in the hepatopancreas and ovary. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that Pc-p38 was upregulated during ecdysis, reaching a peak at 5 min post-moult, suggesting that Pc-p38 may be involved in muscle remodeling after moulting. In addition, the expression of Pc-p38 increased following exposure to different concentrations of mercury, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In conclusion, an Pc-p38 gene was cloned and its role determined at different times post-moult and after stress from different concentrations of mercury, to further reveal the possible functions of p38 MAPK in P. carinicauda.
Identification and characterization of apoptosis regulator Bax involved in air-exposure stress of the mud crab, Scylla Paramamosain Estampador, 1949
Authors: Gu Wen-Bin , Zhou Yi-Lian , Tu Dan-Dan , Zhou Zhong-Kai , Zhu Qi-Hui , Liu Guang-Xu , Shu Miao-An 
Published: November 2017

The mud crab, Scylla paramamosain Estampador, 1949, is a widely farmed commercial species in the South-East coastal areas of China. The crabs are captured and placed in a water-free container for further transportation. The long-time air exposure makes the crabs suffer from oxidative stress, triggering cell apoptosis and leading to the crab’s death. In this study, the homologue of the apoptosis regulator BAX was firstly identified in S. paramamosain and named as SpBAX. The coding region of SpBAX yielded a polypeptide of 278 amino acids, consisting of the defining motif of the BAXs family including Bcl-2 homologous BH1, BH2, BH3 regions and a transmembrane (TM) domain. Subcellular prediction suggested that SpBAX was located in the cytoplasm. The three-dimensional structure showed that SpBAX contained 8 helical regions. Two central α-helices (α5 and α6) flanked on one side by α3 and α4, and on the other side by α1, α2 and α7, which showed the same structure as BAXs in mammals. The highest expression level of SpBAX was detected in hepatopancreas tissue. The expression level of SpBAX was up-regulated in 12 h in hepatopancreas and in 24 h in haemocytes after air exposure. Meanwhile, a flow cytometry assay revealed that the proportion of apoptotic haemocytes exceeded 65% after air exposure for 36 h, showing a significant difference with the control group. These results indicated that the cloned SpBAX might be involved in the response to air exposure stress by causing cell apoptosis. This study may thus be helpful to clarify the mechanisms of the air-exposure stress response in the mud crab.
Multi-criteria approach to estimate the growth curve in the marine shrimp, Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 (Decapoda, Penaeidae)
Authors: Aragón-Noriega E. Alberto , Mendivil-Mendoza Jaime E. , Alcántara-Razo Edgar , Valenzuela-Quiñónez Wenceslao , Félix-Ortiz José A. 
Published: November 2017

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that size variation among individuals of one particular age affects the precise assessment of anticipated growth curve trajectories and their parameters for the marine shrimp, Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931. The data came from shrimp farmed in earthen ponds of an aquaculture farm located in the Gulf of California. Five asymptotic models were applied to averaged length-at-age data: specialized Von Bertalanffy, generalized Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, Logistic and Johnson. These models were parametrized considering two criteria: (1) variability in length-at-age () decreases with age (growth compensation approach), (2) constant variance (“normal” and “fat tail”). The model parameters were computed with the maximum likelihood criterion. The corrected version of Akaike’s information criterion AICc, selected the Gompertz model and the growth compensation approach as those who fitted the data best. We conclude that the growth compensation approach allows the application of a very high performance objective function to analyse individual length-at-age variability without underestimation of the parameters, and also that the best model to describe the growth trajectory of P. vannamei in a farmed environment is a sigmoid curve with an inflection point at 34% of the life period analysed (the Gompertz model).
The spread of agriculture in eastern Asia
Authors: Stevens Chris J. , Fuller Dorian Q 
Published: November 2017

Millets and rice were important for the demographic history of China. This review draws on current archaeobotanical evidence for rice and millets across China, Korea, eastern Russia, Taiwan, Mainland southeast Asia, and Japan, taking a critical approach to dating evidence, evidence for cultivation, and morphological domestication. There is no evidence to suggest that millets and rice were domesticated simultaneously within a single region. Instead, 5 regions of north China are candidates for independent early cultivation of millets that led to domestication, and 3 regions of the Yangtze basin are candidates for separate rice domestication trajectories. The integration of rice and millet into a single agricultural system took place ca. 4000 BC, and after this the spread of agricultural systems and population growth are in evidence. The most striking evidence for agricultural dispersal and population growth took place between 3000 and 2500 BC, which has implications for major language dispersals.
CASPER: Coupled Air–Sea Processes and Electromagnetic Ducting Research
Authors: Wang Qing , Alappattu Denny P. , Billingsley Stephanie , Blomquist Byron , Burkholder Robert J. , Christman Adam J. , Creegan Edward D. , de Paolo Tony , Eleuterio Daniel P. , Fernando Harindra Joseph S. , Franklin Kyle B. , Grachev Andrey A. , Haack Tracy , Hanley Thomas R. , Hocut Christopher M. , Holt Teddy R. , Horgan Kate , Jonsson Haflidi H. , Hale Robert A. , Kalogiros John A. , Khelif Djamal , Leo Laura S. , Lind Richard J. , Lozovatsky Iossif , Planella-Morato Jesus , Mukherjee Swagato , Nuss Wendell A. , Pozderac Jonathan , Ted Rogers L. , Savelyev Ivan , Savidge Dana K. , Kipp Shearman R. , Shen Lian , Terrill Eric , Marcela Ulate A. , Wang Qi , Travis Wendt R. , Wiss Russell , Woods Roy K. , Xu Luyao , Yamaguchi Ryan T. , Yardim Caglar 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Coupled Air–Sea Processes and Electromagnetic Ducting Research (CASPER) project aims to better quantify atmospheric effects on the propagation of radar and communication signals in the marine environment. Such effects are associated with vertical gradients of temperature and water vapor in the marine atmospheric surface layer (MASL) and in the capping inversion of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL), as well as the horizontal variations of these vertical gradients. CASPER field measurements emphasized simultaneous characterization of electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation, the propagation environment, and the physical processes that gave rise to the measured refractivity conditions. CASPER modeling efforts utilized state-of-the-art large-eddy simulations (LESs) with a dynamically coupled MASL and phase-resolved ocean surface waves. CASPER-East was the first of two planned field campaigns, conducted in October and November 2015 offshore of Duck, North Carolina. This article highlights the scientific motivations and objectives of CASPER and provides an overview of the CASPER-East field campaign. The CASPER-East sampling strategy enabled us to obtain EM wave propagation loss as well as concurrent environmental refractive conditions along the propagation path. This article highlights the initial results from this sampling strategy showing the range-dependent propagation loss, the atmospheric and upper-oceanic variability along the propagation range, and the MASL thermodynamic profiles measured during CASPER-East.
A Bayesian Adaptive Ensemble Kalman Filter for Sequential State and Parameter Estimation
Authors: Stroud Jonathan R. , Katzfuss Matthias , Wikle Christopher K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes new methodology for sequential state and parameter estimation within the ensemble Kalman filter. The method is fully Bayesian and propagates the joint posterior distribution of states and parameters over time. To implement the method, the authors consider three representations of the marginal posterior distribution of the parameters: a grid-based approach, a Gaussian approximation, and a sequential importance sampling (SIR) approach with kernel resampling. In contrast to existing online parameter estimation algorithms, the new method explicitly accounts for parameter uncertainty and provides a formal way to combine information about the parameters from data at different time periods. The method is illustrated and compared to existing approaches using simulated and real data.
Improving Cloud Simulation for Air Quality Studies through Assimilation of Geostationary Satellite Observations in Retrospective Meteorological Modeling
Authors: White Andrew T. , Pour-Biazar Arastoo , Doty Kevin , Dornblaser Bright , McNider Richard T. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Development of clouds in space and time within numerical meteorological models as observed in nature is essential for producing an accurate representation of the physical atmosphere for input into air quality models. In this study, a new technique was developed to assimilate Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-derived cloud fields into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological model to improve the placement of clouds in space and time within the model. The simulations were performed on 36-, 12-, and 4-km grid-size domains covering the contiguous United States, the south-southeastern United States, and eastern Texas, respectively. The technique was tested over the month of August 2006. The results indicate that the assimilation technique significantly improves the agreement between the model-predicted and GOES-derived cloud fields. The daily average percentage increase in the cloud agreement was determined to be 14.02%, 11.29%, and 4.96% for the 36-, 12-, and 4-km domains, respectively. This was accomplished without degrading the model performance with respect to surface wind speed, temperature, and mixing ratio, which are important parameters for air quality applications; in some cases these variables were even slightly improved. The assimilation technique also produced improvements in the model-predicted precipitation and predicted downwelling shortwave radiation reaching the surface.
Detecting Suicide-Related Emergency Department Visits Among Adults Using the District of Columbia Syndromic Surveillance System
Authors: Kuramoto-Crawford S. Janet , Spies Erica L. , Davies-Cole John 
Published: November 2017

Objectives: Limited studies have examined the usefulness of syndromic surveillance to monitor emergency department (ED) visits involving suicidal ideation or attempt. The objectives of this study were to (1) examine whether syndromic surveillance of chief complaint data can detect suicide-related ED visits among adults and (2) assess the added value of using hospital ED data on discharge diagnoses to detect suicide-related visits. Methods: The study data came from the District of Columbia electronic syndromic surveillance system, which provides daily information on ED visits at 8 hospitals in Washington, DC. We detected suicide-related visits by searching for terms in the chief complaints and discharge diagnoses of 248 939 ED visits for which data were available for October 1, 2015, to September 30, 2016. We examined whether detection of suicide-related visits according to chief complaint data, discharge diagnosis data, or both varied by patient sex, age, or hospital. Results: The syndromic surveillance system detected 1540 suicide-related ED visits, 950 (62%) of which were detected through chief complaint data and 590 (38%) from discharge diagnosis data. The source of detection for suicide-related ED visits did not vary by patient sex or age. However, whether the suicide-related terms were mentioned in the chief complaint or discharge diagnosis differed across hospitals. Conclusions: ED syndromic surveillance systems based on chief complaint data alone would underestimate the number of suicide-related ED visits. Incorporating the discharge diagnosis into the case definition could help improve detection.
Harnessing Syndromic Surveillance Emergency Department Data to Monitor Health Impacts During the 2015 Special Olympics World Games
Authors: Kajita Emily , Luarca Monica Z. , Wu Han , Hwang Bessie , Mascola Laurene 
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Mass gatherings that attract a large international presence may cause or amplify point-source outbreaks of emerging infectious disease. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health customized its syndromic surveillance system to detect increased syndrome-specific utilization of emergency departments (EDs) and other medical encounters coincident to the 2015 Special Olympics World Games. Materials and Methods: We queried live databases containing data on ED visits, California Poison Control System calls, and Los Angeles County coroner-investigated deaths for increases in daily counts from July 19 to August 6, 2015. We chose syndrome categories based on the potential for disease outbreaks common to international travel and dormitory settings, morbidity amplified by high temperatures, and bioterrorism threats inherent to mass gatherings. We performed line-list reviews and trend analyses of total, syndrome-specific, and region-specific daily counts, using cumulative sum-based signals. We also piloted a novel strategy of requesting that ED registrars proactively tag Special Olympics attendees in chief complaint data fields. Results: The syndromic surveillance system showed that the 2015 Special Olympics did not generate large-scale acute morbidities leading to detectable stress on local EDs. We recruited 10 hospitals for proactive patient tagging, from which 16 Special Olympics attendees were detected; these patients reported various symptoms, such as injury, vomiting, and syncope. Practice Implications: As an enhancement to traditional syndromic surveillance, proactive patient tagging can illuminate potential epidemiologic links among patients in challenging syndromic surveillance applications, such as mass gatherings. Syndromic surveillance has the potential to enhance ED patient polling and reporting of exposure, symptom, and other epidemiologic case definition criteria to public health agencies in near-real time.
Risk of Fall-Related Injury due to Adverse Weather Events, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2006-2011
Authors: Gevitz Kathryn , Madera Robbie , Newbern Claire , Lojo José , Johnson Caroline C. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives: Following a surge in fall-related visits to local hospital emergency departments (EDs) after a severe ice storm, the Philadelphia Department of Public Health examined the association between inclement winter weather events and fall-related ED visits during a 5-year period. Methods: Using a standardized set of keywords, we identified fall-related injuries in ED chief complaint logs submitted as part of Philadelphia Department of Public Health’s syndromic surveillance from December 2006 through March 2011. We compared days when falls exceeded the winter fall threshold (ie, “high-fall days”) with control days within the same winter season. We then conducted matched case-control analysis to identify weather and patient characteristics related to increased fall-related ED visits. Results: Fifteen high-fall days occurred during winter months in the 5-year period. In multivariable analysis, 18- to 64-year-olds were twice as likely to receive ED care for fall-related injuries on high-fall days than on control days. The crude odds of ED visits occurring from 7:00 am to 10:59 am were 70% higher on high-fall days vs control days. Snow was a predictor of a high-fall day: the adjusted odds of snow before a high-fall day as compared with snow before a control day was 13.4. Conclusions: The association between the number of fall-related ED visits and weather-related fall injuries, age, and timing suggests that many events occurred en route to work in the morning. Promoting work closures or delaying openings after severe winter weather would allow time for better snow or ice removal, and including “fall risk” in winter weather advisories might effectively warn morning commuters. Both strategies could help reduce the number of weather-related fall injuries.