bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the potential of induced dipole-dominated electrorheological effect: advancing ER elastomers
Authors: Khan Wafa Iram , Zhang Zexian , Yousaf Mariam , Ma Ning , Dong Xufeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Prior research has predominantly focused on traditional electrorheological (ER) effects while overlooking the transformative potential of induced dipoles in enhancing the overall performance of ER materials. In this study, we introduced a novel type of ER elastomer called induced dipole-dominated ER elastomer (ID-ERE). Through high-energy ball milling (HEBM) of the filler particles, the oxygen vacancies were produced within the particles that acted as local charge centers. In the presence of an external electric field (E), these oxygen vacancies induced the dipoles with significant dipole moments, thus amplifying the local electric field EL within the particle gaps. The powerful interactions of these dipoles significantly improved the overall performance of elastomer; the phenomenon referred to as the ID-ER effect. The viscoelastic results showed that ID-EREs have high field-induced storage modulus (G’ = 395.7 kPa), a significant increment in storage modulus (ΔG’ = 270.5 kPa) and high relative ER effect (ΔG’/G0 = 217.2%) at 3 kV mm−1. Additionally, after testing ID-EREs viscoelastic properties, it was discovered that excessive powder content leads to a decline in the elastomer’s performance. The results showed that ID-ERE’s viscoelastic, mechanical, dielectric, and overall efficiency is finer than the control ER elastomer (C-ERE) having unmilled TiO2 particles. Besides, the preparation method is straightforward, easily replicated, scalable, and cost effective. Thus, these ID-EREs should be a new generation of elastomer with the potential to be used in various automotive, robotics, construction, and electroactive actuators industries.
Superconducting magnet technology for the outer coils of resistive-superconducting hybrid magnets
Authors: Bird Mark D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The world’s highest-field dc magnets have, for more than 50 years, consisted of a combination of resistive and superconducting (SC) coils that we refer to as a ‘hybrid’. These magnets use SC technology for the outer coils, where the magnetic field is moderate, and resistive-magnet technology for the inner coils, where the field is highest. In such a configuration, higher fields have been attained than was possible with purely SC magnet technology, and lower lifecycle costs are attained than with a purely resistive magnet. The peak field available has been 45 T for over 20 years in Tallahassee, Florida, USA. There is presently a ‘revolution’ underway in hybrid magnet development. A second 45 T hybrid was completed in 2022 in Hefei, China that might be upgraded to 48 T in a few years. The high field lab in Grenoble, France is also testing a hybrid magnet intended to reach 43.5 T but which also might be upgraded to 46 T in a few years. In addition, the lab in Nijmegen, The Netherlands is presently assembling a hybrid magnet intended to operate at 46 T. Papers have been presented and published with conceptual designs of hybrid magnets with fields up to 60 T. Given the developments underway, this is an appropriate time to review the history of such systems, with a particular focus on the larger, more expensive part of the magnets: the SC outsert coils. The demands placed on the SC coils of these magnet systems are unique due to their coupling with resistive coils that are operated at very high stress and wear out regularly, resulting in large field transients and fault forces. The evolution of the technology used for the SC coils of these hybrid systems is presented, evolving from ventilated windings to cable-in-conduit to cryogen-free.
Technology of fabrication superconducting free-standing structures (FSS)
Authors: Tarkhov M A , Mumlyakov A M , Shibalov M V , Porokhov N V , Vovk N A , Nekludova P A , Trofimov I V , Filippov I A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, a method for fabrication of superconducting microstructures that are partially or completely isolated from the substrate has been proposed. Two configurations of suspended micro-bridges have been suggested, i.e. the first structure that features a T-shaped etching of the substrate and the second structure which is completely separated from the substrate through periodically positioned supports. The creation of suspended structures is based on the principle of gas-phase etching of amorphous silicon oxide in a mixture of hydrogen fluoride and ethanol gases. In the course of the experiments, it has been discovered that suspending micro-structures in the configuration of a micro-bridge results in a slight reduction in superconducting characteristics, ranging from 10%–15% of the initial parameters. It has also been demonstrated that the thermal coupling between the film and the substrate significantly affects the dissipation of thermal energy. The power dissipated into the substrate at room temperature can vary by up to 250 times based on the value of the micro-bridge undercutting.
A FinFET-based static memory cell optimized for stability and low power consumption
Authors: El-Meligy Mohammed A , Fathi Hanaa , Mahmoud Haitham A , Raza Md Taslim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As the semiconductor industry continues to push the boundaries of miniaturization, traditional MOSFET transistors are no longer the ideal choice for VLSI circuit design, particularly for memory cells where stability and power efficiency are critical. FinFET transistors, with their superior performance in mitigating process variations, enhancing gate control, and reducing leakage currents, offer a promising alternative. This paper presents a novel 9 T SRAM cell, carefully designed and simulated using 10 nm FinFET devices at a supply voltage of 0.55 V. The proposed cell achieves significant improvements in read stability (writability) through the implementation of read path isolation and feedback-cutting techniques, resulting in a minimum enhancement of 1.10 (1.19) times. Furthermore, the cell significantly reduces read, write, and leakage power by at least 7.03%, 8.66%, and 14.14%, respectively. These power reductions are attributed to the adoption of a single-bitline structure, transistor stacking in access paths, and the minimization of control signal activation. To ensure robust operation in real-world scenarios, the cell’s resilience to process variation is meticulously examined. Analysis reveals lower variability in both read stability and writability design metrics, demonstrating the cell’s inherent robustness to manufacturing imperfections.
Tikhonov-type regularization for nonlinear inverse problems with multiple repeated measurement data
Authors: Hou Bingxue , Wang Wei , Zhong Min 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the Tikhonov-type regularization for solving nonlinear inverse problems under the statistical framework that multiple unbiased independent identically distributed measurement data are available. We use the average of these data in the method to reconstruct a solution whose feature is captured by a convex penalty term. Assuming certain conditions concerning the nonlinear operator, we derive the convergence rates where the regularization parameter can be chosen either a priori or a posteriori by the statistical sequential discrepancy principle. We further propose two globally convergent algorithms: the TIGRA-

R

algorithm for repeated measurements and the Dynamic TIGRA-

R

algorithm for sequential data. Finally, some numerical experiments illustrate the theoretic analysis and verify the effectiveness of the methods.
Fuzzy fractional shallow water wave equations: analysis, convergence of solutions, and comparative study with depth as triangular fuzzy number
Authors: Karunakar P , Chakraverty S , Rao TD , Ramesh K , Hussein AK 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We explore the integration of fuzzy fractional calculus into the modeling framework, recognizing its significance in capturing the inherent uncertainties and complexities present in Shallow Water Wave (ffSWW) dynamics. By incorporating fuzzy fractional calculus, we aim to enhance the accuracy and robustness of ffSWW equations, particularly in representing vague or imprecise parameters such as seabed topography, initial wave conditions, and material properties. In this article, we consider the time derivative as a fractional order instead of the traditional integer order, which allows us to interpret the behavior of the solution for different orders. Further, the sea depth has been considered as a Triangular Fuzzy Number (TFN). We employ the Homotopy Perturbation Transform Method (HPTM) to obtain the solution of ffSWW equations. The convergence of the obtained series solutions has been investigated theoretically and numerically. Also, the acquired results using the current method are validated through the comparison with pre-existing findings concerning integer order. Furthermore, simulation results for various fractional orders, as well as fuzzy lower and upper solutions of depth-averaged velocity and water surface elevation, are provided for triangular fuzzy numbers.
First-principles study of three isomers of the large birefringent crystal Sb4O4F4: electronic structure and optical properties
Authors: Chen Hongheng , Hu Mei , Wang Jialong , Duan Haiming , Jing Qun , Chen Zhaohui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Metal oxyhalides are becoming an important branch of birefringent materials due to their rich structural types and stable physicochemical properties. In this work, the electronic structure and optical properties of three isomers of antimony oxyhalide Sb4O4F4 (I-
Pna21), Sb4O4F4 (II-
Pnma), and Sb4O4F4 (III-
Pnma) were investigated using first principles method. The results show that the band gap of I and III reaches the ultraviolet region (4.10 eV (I), 3.87 eV (III)). In particular, I-III all exhibit large birefringence of 0.138–0.266 at 1064 nm. Born effective charge, and project density of states results show that the large birefringence of I-III is mainly from the stereochemically active lone pair electrons around the antimony atom. Finally, structure–property relationship studies of I-III indicate that different Sb-F bonds and structural arrangements are the key factors leading to the significantly different properties.
The universal multiplicity function: counting haloes and voids
Authors: Verza Giovanni , Carbone Carmelita , Pisani Alice , Porciani Cristiano , Matarrese Sabino 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present a novel combination of the excursion-set approach with the peak theory
formalism in Lagrangian space and provide accurate predictions for halo and void statistics over a
wide range of scales. The set-up is based on an effective moving barrier. Besides deriving the
corresponding numerical multiplicity function, we introduce a new analytical formula reaching the
percent level agreement with the exact numerical solution obtained via Monte Carlo realisations
down to small scales, ∼ 1012
h
-1M⊙. In the void case, we derive the
dependence of the effective moving barrier on the void formation threshold, δ
v, by
comparison against the Lagrangian void size function measured in the DEMNUni simulations. We
discuss the mapping from Lagrangian to Eulerian space for both haloes and voids; adopting the
spherical symmetry approximation, we obtain a strong agreement at intermediate and large scales.
Finally, using the effective moving barrier, we derive Lagrangian void density profiles accurately
matching measurements from cosmological simulations, a major achievement towards using void
profiles for precision cosmology with the next generation of galaxy surveys.
A novel trident shaped microstrip antenna sensor for glucose detection in human blood
Authors: Neeli Syamala , Bandi Kiran Kumar , K. Padma Raju 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A novel trident-shaped microstrip patch antenna sensor with
great sensitivity is developed to estimate the amounts of glucose in
blood samples of human. The suggested sensor is built on a
30 × 24 × 1.6 mm3 FR-4 substrate layer with
a quality factor of 64 and a dielectric constant value of 4.3
resonating at 4.5 GHz. A finger phantom is the replica of the human
finger and it is originated in the electromagnetic simulator in
order to forecast the glucose content. By positioning the phantom
replica at various localities on the constructed antenna sensor, the
frequency shifts are observed for various levels of glucose
concentration in different degrees, ranging from 0 to 1000 mg/dL are
detected. The proposed sensor can identify diabetic conditions in
patients as it has a finger phantom positioned parallel to the feed
at the top of the antenna giving a 156 MHz paramount shift in
frequency, sensitivity of 156 kHz/(mg/dL), and a minimum frequency
shift of 24 MHz and sensitivity of 24 kHz/(mg/dL). To confirm the
suggested sensor's functionality in a real-time environment, its
performance is examined for various actual human finger postures,
and the resulting resonance frequencies are observed. In order to
detect the levels of glucose concentration, the suggested sensor's
error performance is calculated and are found to be near to 1%.
Shower separation in five dimensions for highly granular calorimeters using machine learning
Authors: Lai S. , Utehs J. , Wilhahn A. , Fouz M.C. , Bach O. , Brianne E. , Ebrahimi A. , Gadow K. , Göttlicher P. , Hartbrich O. , Heuchel D. , Irles A. , Krüger K. , Kvasnicka J. , Lu S. , Neubüser C. , Provenza A. , Reinecke M. , Sefkow F. , Schuwalow S. , De Silva M. , Sudo Y. , Tran H.L. , Liu L. , Masuda R. , Murata T. , Ootani W. , Seino T. , Takatsu T. , Tsuji N. , Pöschl R. , Richard F. , Zerwas D. , Hummer F. , Simon F. , Boudry V. , Brient J-C. , Nanni J. , Videau H. , Buhmann E. , Garutti E. , Huck S. , Kasieczka G. , Martens S. , Rolph J. , Wellhausen J. , Bilki B. , Northacker D. , Onel Y. , Emberger L. , Graf C. ,   The CALICE collaboration
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To achieve state-of-the-art jet energy resolution for
Particle Flow, sophisticated energy clustering algorithms must be
developed that can fully exploit available information to separate
energy deposits from charged and neutral particles. Three published
neural network-based shower separation models were applied to
simulation and experimental data to measure the performance of the
highly granular CALICE Analogue Hadronic Calorimeter (AHCAL)
technological prototype in distinguishing the energy deposited by a
single charged and single neutral hadron for Particle Flow. The
performance of models trained using only standard spatial, energy
and charged track position information from an event was compared to
models trained using timing information available from AHCAL, which
is expected to improve sensitivity to shower development and,
therefore, aid in clustering. Both simulation and experimental data
were used to train and test the models and their performances were
compared. The best-performing neural network achieved significantly
superior event reconstruction when timing information was utilised
in training for the case where the charged hadron had more energy
than the neutral one, motivating temporally sensitive
calorimeters. All models under test were observed to tend to
allocate energy deposited by the more energetic of the two showers
to the less energetic one. Similar shower reconstruction
performance was observed for a model trained on simulation and
applied to data and a model trained and applied to data.
Design of a triggerless readout electronics system for CDEX-50
Authors: Yang Haoyan , Xue Tao , Pan Qiutong , Liang Bo , Liu Yinong , Li Jianmin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Direct detection of light-mass dark matter is a frontier
topic in international physics research. The reduction of system
threshold is important in order to improve the sensitivity of
light-mass dark matter detection. The scientific goal of the China
Dark Matter Experiment (CDEX) at Jinping Underground Laboratory in
China is to detect WIMPs utilizing a high-purity germanium array
detector. CDEX-10 achieved the most sensitive results in the
4 to 5 GeV/c
2 range. CDEX-50 aims to achieve an
energy threshold of 100 eV, which significantly increases data
bandwidth and complicates the implementation of noise reduction
algorithms, thereby posing challenges to the readout electronics
system. In this paper, a triggerless readout electronics system
based on FPGA-GPU is designed for CDEX-50, which can achieve full
energy range detection from 100 eV to 10 MeV. A verification
prototype of a triggerless electronics system utilizing a Broad
Energy Germanium (BEGe) detector has been developed to test the
performance of high-bandwidth transmission and data processing. The
results demonstrate that the bit error rate for the high-speed
transmission link of the triggerless readout electronics system is
below 1015. Furthermore, the FPGA-GPU transmission bandwidth,
utilizing P2P DMA, achieves 100.2 Gbps, and the mean filter
implemented on the GPU is capable of processing a 64 Gbps data
stream in real-time. These results provide foundation for the design
of the triggerless readout electronics system for CDEX-50.
Recycling waste macadamia nut shells as a low hydrothermally engineered activated carbon for the efficient removal of a RIT navy blue textile dye from aqueous solutions
Authors: Halim A F M Fahad , Poinern Gérrard Eddy Jai , Fawcett Derek , Chapman Peter , Feng Yuanyuan , Anguelov Nikolay 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Significant concentrations of toxic dyes present in textile manufacturing effluents are discharged into natural water bodies (lake and rivers) every day and results in the pollution of aquatic ecosystems. New and cost-effective sustainable water treatment strategies are urgently needed to tackle this global issue. The present study investigates the feasibility of using activated carbon produced from macadamia nutshells, a major agricultural waste product, to remove a commercially available textile RIT navy blue dye from aqueous solutions. This activated carbon was synthesized using a low-temperature hydrothermal (LTH) method that used H2SO4 as the activating agent. The textural and chemical properties of the engineered activated carbon were investigated by nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements, XRD, SEM, TGA, Raman, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The activated carbon (MAC) had a micro-porous structure with a BET surface area of 478 m2 g−1 for the MAC 10 sample. The linear pseudo-first order model described the kinetics of the adsorption process. The Langmuir model was found to be the most proper model for describing the adsorption isotherm data and revealed the activated carbon absorbent had a theoretical adsorption capacity of 57.8 mg g−1. The study found the activated carbon has the potential to remove toxic dyes from wastewater, reduce agricultural waste, and this addresses the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.
MCI Net: Mamba- Convolutional lightweight self-attention medical image segmentation network
Authors: Zhang Yelin , Wang Guanglei , Ma Pengchong , Li Yan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With the development of deep learning in the field of medical image segmentation, various network segmentation models have been developed. Currently, the most common network models in medical image segmentation can be roughly categorized into pure convolutional networks, Transformer-based networks, and networks combining convolution and Transformer architectures. However, when dealing with complex variations and irregular shapes in medical images, existing networks face issues such as incomplete information extraction, large model parameter sizes, high computational complexity, and long processing times. In contrast, models with lower parameter counts and complexity can efficiently, quickly, and accurately identify lesion areas, significantly reducing diagnosis time and providing valuable time for subsequent treatments. Therefore, this paper proposes a lightweight network named MCI-Net, with only 5.48 M parameters, a computational complexity of 4.41, and a time complexity of just 0.263. By performing linear modeling on sequences, MCI-Net permanently marks effective features and filters out irrelevant information. It efficiently captures local-global information with a small number of channels, reduces the number of parameters, and utilizes attention calculations with exchange value mapping. This achieves model lightweighting and enables thorough interaction of local-global information within the computation, establishing an overall semantic relationship of local-global information. To verify the effectiveness of the MCI-Net network, we conducted comparative experiments with other advanced representative networks on five public datasets: X-ray, Lung, ISIC-2016, ISIC-2018, and capsule endoscopy and gastrointestinal segmentation. We also performed ablation experiments on the first four datasets. The experimental results outperformed the other compared networks, confirming the effectiveness of MCI-Net. This research provides a valuable reference for achieving lightweight, accurate, and high-performance medical image segmentation network models.
Angular Bloch oscillations and their applications
Authors: Konrad Bernd , Efremov Maxim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To advance inertial navigation, we present the scheme for a compact quantum sensor which is based on the quantum phenomenon of the angular Bloch oscillations and measuring exclusively the angular acceleration of slow external rotation. We study the dynamics of ultra-cold atoms confined in a toroidal trap with a ring-lattice along the azimuth angle, realized with the superposition of two copropagating Laguerre–Gaussian beams. In the presence of external rotation with a small angular acceleration, or a prescribed linear chirp between the two beams, the measured angular momentum of the trapped atoms exhibits a specific periodic behaviour in time, which we call as the angular Bloch oscillations. This quantum phenomenon is shown to be a key element of fruitful applications for (i) an efficient transfer of quantized angular momentum from the light to the atoms by controlling the chirp, and (ii) the direct determination of the angular acceleration of external rotation by measuring the Bloch period.
Talbot laser for Airy pulse generation
Authors: Cuenca M , Maestre H , Fernández-Pousa C R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We report a C-band fiber Talbot laser—an injection-seeded frequency-shifting active ring cavity operated above threshold—emitting trains of far-field Airy pulses characterized by a dominant cubic spectral phase. Pulses are created by the coherent addition of the recirculating seed wavelength under a large roundtrip first-order dispersion. Single-sided Airy pulse trains with sub-ns pulse widths, 80 MHz repetition rate, and bandwidth exceeding 10 GHz are generated at both integer and fractional Talbot conditions. At detuned Talbot conditions pulses are shown to be tailorable by recirculation-induced first-order dispersion. The far-field character of the resulting waveforms is demonstrated, and the performance in terms of amplitude noise and timing jitter, in this last case after the introduction of active loop stabilization, is evaluated.