bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineral nitrogen and phosphorus pools affected by water table lowering and warming in a boreal forested peatland
Authors: Munir Tariq M. , Khadka Bhupesh , Xu Bin , Strack Maria 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChanges in atmospheric temperature and lowering in water‐table (WT) are expected to affect peatland nutrient dynamics. To understand the response of peatland nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics to warming and drainage in a continental wooded‐bog of hummock–hollow microtopography, we compared three sites: (a) control, (b) recently drained (2–3 years; experimental), and (c) older drained (12–13 years; drained), during 2013. The WT was lowered at experimental and drained sites to 74 and 120 cm, respectively, whereas a warming of ~1 °C was created at one half of the microforms using open‐top chambers. Responses of peat total inorganic nitrogen (TIN = nitrate nitrogen [NO3−‐N] + ammonium nitrogen [NH4+‐N]) and phosphate‐P (PO43−‐P) pools and vegetation C:N ratio, δ13C and δ15N to the experimental treatments were investigated across sites/microforms and over time. Peat TIN available and extractable pools increased with deepening of WT and over time and were greater at hummocks relative to hollows. In contrast, the PO4 pools increased with short‐term drainage but reverted to very close to their original (control) nutrient values in the longer term. The WT and warming driven change in the peat TIN pool was strongly reflected in the vascular vegetation C:N ratio and shrub δ13C and δ15N, whereas moss nutrient dynamics did not vary between sites. Therefore, we suggest that atmospheric warming combined with WT deepening can increase availability of mineral N and P, which then can be reflected in vascular vegetation and hence modify the productivity and ecosystem functioning of the northern midlatitude continental wooded bogs in the long term.
Do lentic and lotic communities respond similarly to drying?
Authors: Rosset Véronique , Ruhi Albert , Bogan Michael T. , Datry Thibault 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDisturbance is a central factor shaping composition, structure, and dynamics of local communities. Drying is a disturbance that occurs in aquatic ecosystems globally and can strongly influence their communities. Although the effects of drying may depend on ecosystem connectivity and the dispersal abilities of resident species, there have been no comparisons of community responses to drying between lentic and lotic ecosystems across different climates. Here, we predicted that drying would have stronger effects on aquatic communities in isolated lentic ecosystems than in dendritic lotic ecosystems, owing to the higher hydrological connectivity of the latter, and that drying would have stronger effects on passive than on active dispersers, because of the potentially higher recolonizing ability of the latter. We tested these predictions by comparing alpha diversity, phylogenetic relatedness, and beta diversity for active and passive dispersers, in both ecosystem types across five climatic regions. Drying caused greater declines in alpha diversity in lentic than in lotic ecosystems. Communities that experienced drying were more similar to one another than those of perennial sites, and this pattern was especially pronounced in lentic ecosystems. In contrast, drying did not influence the contributions of turnover and richness gradients to beta diversity. Additionally, dispersal mode did not influence community responses to drying. Relatively weaker effects of drying in lotic compared to lentic systems were likely due to the hydrological connectivity among perennial and temporary river sites, which may facilitate dispersal of organisms to escape drying and recolonize rewetted sites. Collectively, our results suggest that habitat connectivity may ameliorate (and fragmentation may worsen) the impacts of drying disturbance. This is an important finding in light of increasing drying and concomitant aquatic habitat fragmentation under global change.
Enzyme Deposition by Polydimethylsiloxane Stamping for Biosensor Fabrication
Authors: Wang Bo , Koo Bonhye , Monbouquette Harold G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHigh‐performance biosensors were fabricated by efficiently transferring enzyme onto Pt electrode surfaces using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp. Polypyrrole and Nafion were coated first on the electrode surface to act as permselective films for exclusion of both anionic and cationic electrooxidizable interfering compounds. A chitosan film then was electrochemically deposited to serve as an adhesive layer for enzyme immobilization. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was selected as a model enzyme for construction of a glucose biosensor, and a mixture of GOx and bovine serum albumin was stamped onto the chitosan‐coated surface and subsequently crosslinked using glutaraldehyde vapor. For the optimized fabrication process, the biosensor exhibited excellent performance characteristics including a linear range up to 2 mM with sensitivity of 29.4±1.3 μA mM−1 cm−2 and detection limit of 4.3±1.7 μM (S/N=3) as well as a rapid response time of ∼2 s. In comparison to those previously described, this glucose biosensor exhibits an excellent combination of high sensitivity, low detection limit, rapid response time, and good selectivity. Thus, these results support the use of PDMS stamping as an effective enzyme deposition method for electroenzymatic biosensor fabrication, which may prove especially useful for the deposition of enzyme at selected sites on microelectrode array microprobes of the kind used for neuroscience research in vivo.
Transcriptional and cellular effects of benzotriazole UV stabilizers UV-234 and UV-328 in the freshwater invertebrates Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Daphnia magna
Authors: Giraudo Maeva , Cottin Guillaume , Esperanza Marta , Gagnon Pierre , Silva Amila O. De , Houde Magali 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Benzotriazole ultra violet stabilizers (BZT-UVs) are compounds used in many applications and products to prevent photochemical degradation. Despite their widespread presence in aquatic ecosystems and persistence in the environment, there are very limited data on their effects and toxicity, and their modes of action remain largely unknown. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the chronic effects of 2 BZT-UVs, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol (UV-234) and 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol (UV-328), on the freshwater green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. Organisms were exposed to 0.01 and 10 μg/L of UV-234, UV-328, as well as a mixture of the 2 compounds. Life-history endpoints (viability, reproduction, and growth) and oxidative stress–related biomarkers (gene transcription, reactive oxygen species [ROS] production, and lipid peroxidation) were measured. Daphnia magna growth, reproduction, and gene transcription were not impacted by 21-d individual or mixed exposure. After 96-h of exposure, no differences were observed on the cellular viability of C. reinhardtii for either of the 2 BZT-UVs. In the algae, results showed increased ROS production in response to UV-328 and lipid peroxidation following exposure to UV-234. Synergistic effects of the 2 BZT-UVs were evident at the transcriptional level with 2 to 6 times up-regulation of glutathione peroxidase (gpx) in response to the mixture for all treatment conditions. The transcription of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), and ascorbic peroxidase (apx) was also regulated by UV-234 and UV-328 in the green algae, most likely as a result of ROS production and lipid peroxidation. Results from the present study suggest potential impacts of UV-234 and UV-328 exposure on the antioxidant defense system in C. reinhardtii. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3333–3342. © 2017 Crown in the Right of Canada. Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc., on behalf of SETAC.
Pennsylvanian–earlyPermianpalaeokarst development on theYangtzePlatform,South China, and implications for the regional sea‐level history
Authors: Huang Xing , Aretz Markus , Zhang Xionghua , Du Yuansheng , Qie Wenkun , Wen Qin , Wang Changnan , Luan Tengfei 
Published: July 2017

The Pennsylvanian to lower Permian succession at Madiyi, South China, represents a nearshore mixed siliciclastic‐carbonate system characterized by cyclic sedimentation patterns along a depth gradient from continental siliciclastics to marine open platform carbonates. Various palaeokarst features related to subaerial exposure are widely distributed. Additionally, pedogenesis was pervasive. The identification of twenty‐eight sedimentary cycles grouped into five sequences allows the reconstruction of a relative sea‐level curve. The cycles represent higher frequency changes superimposed on the long‐term evolution. After the initial transgression, the sea level remained relatively low in the late Bashkirian to early Moscovian. Then, it rose stepwise until a major drop occurred in the late Moscovian. Afterwards, the sea level rose again, but marine sedimentation ceased during at least the early Kasimovian. The area was flooded in the late Kasimovian, and the sea level rose until a late Gzhelian sea‐level drop. The subsequent marine sequence contains uppermost Gzhelian to upper Asselian deposits, which are capped by lower Permian continental facies associated with a major regional regression.Shallow to deeper marine sedimentary settings recorded high‐frequency sea‐level changes throughout South China during the late Bashkirian to Asselian. The main transgression–regression cycles are clearly associated with different depositional settings during several time intervals. Furthermore, the good correlations among South China, Ukraine, and the U.S. Mid‐continent are rooted in the impact of Gondwanan glaciations on the global sedimentation patterns. However, not all changes at Madiyi are the result of glacio‐eustatic sea‐level fluctuations; some are related to the local subsidence history and the rise of the Xuefeng Uplift.
Neuroglobin and friends
Authors: Fiocchetti Marco , Cipolletti Manuela , Brandi Valentina , Polticelli Fabio , Ascenzi Paolo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the year 2000, the third member of the globin family was discovered in human and mouse brain and named neuroglobin (Ngb). Neuroglobin overexpression significantly protects both heart and brain from hypoxic/ischemic and oxidative stress‐related insults, whereas decreased Ngb levels lead to an exacerbation of tissue injuries. Moreover, Ngb overexpression protects neurons from mitochondrial dysfunctions and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease; however, it facilitates the survival of cancer cells. Neuroglobin, representing a switch point for cell death and survival, has been reported to recognize a number of proteins involved in several metabolic pathways including ionic homeostasis maintenance, energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, and cell signaling. Here, the recognition properties of Ngb are reviewed to highlight its roles in health and disease.
Double‐mode adjustment of Tibetan Plateau heating to the summer circumglobal teleconnection in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Zhang Jie , Jiang Yuanchun , Chen Haishan , Wu Zhiwei 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTA quasi‐stationary circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) in the Northern Hemisphere in summer is associated with summer droughts and floods and exhibits some vorticity anomalies. The CGT anomaly and its forcing sources were explored based on reanalysis data and the EI Nino 3.4 index. The term ∂v′/∂x was used to describe the multi‐scale variability of vorticity and the CGT anomaly, which had a 7‐wavenumber and a small interannual amplitude of ∂v′/∂x from 1987 to 2000 but a large amplitude from 2000 to 2010. The interannual CGT intensity was enhanced by an EI Nino sea surface temperature pattern in spring via key forcing sources that led to an enduring effect on the summer circulation; it was also a response to anomalies in Tibetan Plateau (TP) heating in spring–summer in two ways. First, increasing TP heating in the mid‐eastern TP caused an eastward shift and northerly extension of the South Asian High (SAH), which exhibited a Tibetan‐mode SAH as well as a 7‐wavenumber CGT anomaly. This enhanced the CGT over Eurasia and extended the wave pattern of the EI Nino contribution over the North Pacific and Eurasia. Second, increased snow cover in the west of the TP could have offset the TP heating effect and adjusted the position and intensity of the Tibetan‐mode SAH. This phenomenon weakened vorticity and wave amplitude and finally led to a weak CGT anomaly. This finding indicates a coupled effect of double‐mode TP heating (i.e. both heating and TP snow cover) on the CGT anomaly, which reveals the linkage of TP heating with weather over Eurasia and North America that could be predicted by TP heating and other factors.
Design of a ruthenium(III) immobilized affinity material based on a β‐cyclodextrin‐functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith for the enrichment of hippuric acid
Authors: Li Xuemei , Li Xiqian , Zheng Haijiao , Ma Jiutong , Xu Guoxing , Jia Qiong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractImmobilized metal affinity chromatography has drawn great attention as a widespread separation and purification approach. In this work, ruthenium was firstly introduced into the preparation of immobilized metal affinity chromatography considering its affinity to N,O‐donor ligands. A β‐cyclodextrin‐functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith was designed and employed as the supporting material in immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Thiosemicarbazide was introduced into the synthesis process, which not only acted as a bridge between β‐cyclodextrin and glycidyl methacrylate, but also chelated with ruthenium because of its mixed hard‐soft donor characteristics. The developed monolithic ruthenium(III)‐immobilized metal affinity chromatography column was utilized for the adsorption and separation of hippuric acid, a biological indicator of toluene exposure. To achieve high extraction capacity, the parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated with an orthogonal experiment design, L9 (34). Under the optimized conditions, the enrichment factor of hippuric acid was 16.7‐fold. The method reproducibility was investigated in terms of intra‐ and interday precisions with relative standard deviations lower than 8.7 and 9.5%, respectively. In addition, ruthenium(III)‐immobilized metal affinity chromatography material could be used for up to 80 extractions without an apparent change in extraction recovery.
Shear Wave Elastography for Surgically Verified Breast Papillary Lesions: Is It Effective for Differentiation Between Benign and Malignant Lesions?
Authors: Choi Hye Jeong , Ko Kyung Hee , Jung Hae Kyoung 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of shear wave elastography (SWE) for differentiating benign from malignant breast papillary lesionsMethodsB‐mode ultrasound (US) and SWE were available in 56 surgically confirmed papillary lesions (48 [85.7%] benign and 8 [14.3%] malignant). The diagnostic performances of US, SWE parameters, and combined US with SWE parameters were calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and compared.ResultsThe highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Az) value for US was 0.500 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.363, 0.637). The sensitivity was 100% (8 of 8), and the specificity was 0% (0 of 48). False‐positive biopsy results were obtained in 48 (85.7%) of 56 lesions. The Az value for mean elasticity (0.721; 95% CI, 0.585, 0.833) was higher than that for B‐mode US (P < .01) and the highest with the optimal cutoff value of 44.3 kPa (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 75%). By adding the mean elasticity cutoff value of 44.3 kPa to B‐mode US, the performance was increased (Az, 0.781; 95% CI, 0.585, 0.833) with sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 68.8%, and false‐positive biopsy results were reduced to 26.8%.ConclusionsThe additional use of SWE to B‐mode US may be effective for differentiating benign and malignant breast papillary lesions, with a significant decrease in the false‐positive biopsy rate.
Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance evaluation of renal ischemia reperfusion injury in a murine model
Authors: Baligand Celine , Qin Hecong , True‐Yasaki Aisha , Gordon Jeremy W. , von Morze Cornelius , Santos Justin Delos , Wilson David M. , Raffai Robert , Cowley Patrick M. , Baker Anthony J. , Kurhanewicz John , Lovett David H. , Wang Zhen Jane 
Published: July 2017

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Persistent oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated across diverse forms of AKI and in the transition to CKD. In this study, we applied hyperpolarized (HP) 13C dehydroascorbate (DHA) and 13C pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate the renal redox capacity and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, respectively, in a murine model of AKI at baseline and 7 days after unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Compared with the contralateral sham‐operated kidneys, the kidneys subjected to IRI showed a significant decrease in the HP 13C vitamin C/(vitamin C + DHA) ratio, consistent with a decrease in redox capacity. The kidneys subjected to IRI also showed a significant decrease in the HP 13C bicarbonate/pyruvate ratio, consistent with impaired PDH activity. The IRI kidneys showed a significantly higher HP 13C lactate/pyruvate ratio at day 7 compared with baseline, although the 13C lactate/pyruvate ratio was not significantly different between the IRI and contralateral sham‐operated kidneys at day 7. Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated significantly reduced perfusion in the IRI kidneys. Renal tissue analysis showed corresponding increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced PDH activity in the IRI kidneys. Our results show the feasibility of HP 13C MRS for the non‐invasive assessment of oxidative stress and mitochondrial PDH activity following renal IRI.
Defining the metal specificity of a multifunctional biofilm adhesion protein
Authors: Chaton Catherine T. , Herr Andrew B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe accumulation associated protein (Aap) of Staphylococcus epidermidis mediates intercellular adhesion events necessary for biofilm growth. This process depends upon Zn2+‐induced self‐assembly of G5 domains within the B‐repeat region of the protein, forming anti‐parallel, intertwined protein “ropes” between cells. Pleomorphism in the Zn2+‐coordinating residues was observed in previously solved crystal structures, suggesting that the metal binding site might accommodate other transition metals and thereby support dimerization. By use of carefully selected buffer systems and a specialized approach to analyze sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation data, we were able to analyze low‐affinity metal binding events in solution. Our data show that both Zn2+ and Cu2+ support B‐repeat assembly, whereas Mn2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ bind to Aap but do not support self‐association. As the number of G5 domains are increased in longer B‐repeat constructs, the total concentration of metal required for dimerization decreases and the transition between monomer and dimer becomes more abrupt. These characteristics allow Aap to function as an environmental sensor that regulates biofilm formation in response to local concentrations of Zn2+ and Cu2+, both of which are implicated in immune cell activity.
Identification of in vivo induced maternal haploids in maize using seedling traits
Authors: Chaikam Vijay , Lopez Luis Antonio , Martinez Leocadio , Burgueño Juan , Boddupalli Prasanna M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn vivo haploid induction in high frequency followed by efficient identification of haploids are important components of deriving completely homozygous doubled haploid (DH) lines in maize. Several genetic marker systems were proposed and/or used for identification of in vivo maternal haploids in maize, such as R1-nj (Navajo), high oil, red root and transgenic markers. In this study, we propose a new method of haploid/diploid identification based on natural differences in seedling traits of haploids and diploids, which can be used in any induction cross independently of the genetic marker systems. Using confirmed haploids and diploids from five different populations, the study established that haploid and diploid seedlings exhibit significant differences for seedling traits, particularly radicle length (RL), coleoptile length (CL), and number of lateral seminal roots (NLSR). In six populations that exhibited complete inhibition of the commonly used R1-nj (Navajo) marker, we could effectively differentiate haploids from diploids by visual inspection of the seedling traits. In the haploid seed fraction identified based on R1-nj marker in ten populations, false positives were reduced several-fold by early identification of haploids at seedling stage using the seedling traits. We propose that seedling traits may be integrated at the haploid identification stage, especially in populations that are not amenable to use of genetic markers, and for improving the efficiency of DH line production by reducing the false positives.
Biosafety Evaluation of Three Sodium Lauryl N‐Amino Acids Synthesized from Silk Industrial Waste in Mice
Authors: Ding Biao , Wan Liang‐Ze , Zhang Yu‐Qing 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, three amino acid mixtures recovered from silk industry waste were reacted with lauryl chloride to synthesize three sodium laurel N‐amino acid surfactants. The three types of anionic surfactants are referred to as silk fibroin surfactant, silk sericin surfactant, and silkworm pupae surfactant. All three surfactants showed good surface properties. To evaluate biological safety, we added these three surfactants to the normal diet of mice for 8 weeks. Blood indices, blood lipid, antioxidant capacity (GSH‐PX, MDA, T‐AOC, and T‐SOD), and lipid metabolism key enzyme mRNA (PPAR‐γ, SREBP, FASN, and C/EBP‐α) levels in the liver were measured. No evident histopathological changes were found in the liver and kidney. The results showed no significant difference in their indexes between the surfactant‐fed and normal diet‐fed mice. Thus, the three amino acid surfactants are biologically safe and can be used in daily chemical cleaning products. These surfactants will not only help to reduce wastage of resources and damage to the environment, but also yield economic benefits to the silk industry in the future.
The bridge between design and analysis
Authors: Leppink Jimmie , O’Sullivan Patricia , Winston Kal 
Published: July 2017

The overall purpose of the ‘Statistical Points and Pitfalls’ series is to help readers and researchers alike increase awareness of how to use statistics and why/how we fall into inappropriate choices or interpretations. We hope to help readers understand common misconceptions and give clear guidance on how to avoid common pitfalls by offering simple tips to improve your reporting of quantitative research findings. Each entry discusses a commonly encountered inappropriate practice and alternatives from a pragmatic perspective with minimal mathematics involved. We encourage readers to share comments on or suggestions for this section on Twitter, using the hashtag: #mededstats