bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: EIN NEUES STEROID, 3BETA,6ALPHA,23XI‐TRIHYDROXY‐5ALPHA‐CHOLEST‐9(11)‐EN, AUS ASTEROSAPONINEN
Authors: IKEGAMI S. , KAMIYA Y. , TAMURA S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAus obigen Spezies werden u.a. Marthasteron (I) und das Trihydroxy‐cholesten (II) isoliert und strukturell sichergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: EINE UNGEWOEHNLICHE SYNTH. VON ERGOSTERINACETATPEROXID
Authors: BARTON D. H. R. , LECLERC G. , MAGNUS P. D. , MENZIES I. D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractErgosterylacetat (III) reagiert mit Sauerstoff bei ‐78°C in Gegenwart von Trityltetrafluoroborat (I) unter Belichtung oder in Gegenwart des Aminiumhexachloroantimonats (II) auch im Dunkeln in schneller, quantitativer Reaktion zu dem Peroxid (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: THIOSTEROIDE 33. MITT. 10BETA‐METHYLSULFONYL‐ UND 10BETA‐PHENYLSULFONYL‐DES‐A‐OESTREN‐(9)‐ (ODER ‐OESTREN‐(11)‐)‐DERIVATE UND IHRE ALKYLIERUNGSRK., SYNTH. VON A‐FURANOSTEROIDEN
Authors: KOMENO T. , ISHIHARA S. , ITANI H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie durch biologische Oxidation der Androstencarbonsäure (I) erhältliche Ketosäure (II) wird mit Bismutat zu der Diketosäure (IIIa) oxidiert, deren Ester (IIIb) in das Bisketal (IV) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUE SESQUITERPENE AUS DEM MEERESSCHWAMM PLERAPLYSILLA SPINIFERA
Authors: CIMINO G. , DE STEFANO S. , MINALE L. , TRIVELLONE E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAus dem Schwamm wurden die Furanosesquiterpene (I) und (II) isoliert und Dehydrodendrolasin bzw. Pleraplysillin genannt.
Altholzsituation in Europa und Deutschland
Authors: Meinlschmidt Peter , Mauruschat Dirk , Briesemeister Robert 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie steigende Nachfrage nach Holz und der damit verbundene, verstärkte Holzeinschlag in Europa sowie eine veränderte Waldwirtschaft hin zu laubholzreichen Mischbeständen führen zu einer Verknappung des Holzangebots. Ein Beispiel einer bislang kaum genutzten Holzfraktion ist Altholz. Nach einer Einführung in die allgemeine Holzversorgung in Europa wird auf die spezielle Situation der Altholznutzung in Deutschland eingegangen, deren rechtliche aber auch tatsächliche Situation. Hierbei werden besonders die möglichen Kontaminationen und Störstoffe des Altholzes und deren Herkunft behandelt.
Low‐temperature experimental model of liquid injection and reaction in a fluidized bed
Authors: Morales Carolina B. , Jamaleddine Tarek J. , Berruti Franco , McMillan Jennifer , Briens Cedric 
Published: February 2016

In several commercial processes, liquid is injected into a hot fluidized bed, where it undergoes a reaction that generates gases, vapours, and a solid residue. An example is Fluid CokingTM, where large agglomerates resulting from poor liquid‐solid contacting during the liquid injection are undesirable. These agglomerates limit heat and mass transfer, leading to operating problems and a reduction in valuable product yield. Performing experiments in pilot plants for such processes is difficult because of the high required temperature, e.g. 550 °C for Fluid Coking. It is very difficult to determine the proportion of fresh coke residue in agglomerates recovered from a pilot plant, which is essential information for understanding agglomerate formation.This study presents a low‐temperature experimental model that would be much easier and safer to use than a Fluid Coking pilot plant, while providing more information on agglomerate formation and breakup. A solution comprising PlexiglasTM dissolved in acetone and pentane is injected into a fluidized bed of sand particles at 68 °C to simulate heavy oil injection which, in Fluid CokersTM, gives off gases and vapours, simulated by the vapours from the solvents in the Plexiglas solution, and a solid coke residue, simulated by the Plexiglas deposit on sand particles. The experimental model was tested with three separate methods that have been found to reduce agglomerates in commercial or pilot plant Fluid Cokers: increasing the flowrate of atomization steam in liquid spray nozzles, increasing the fluidization velocity, and increasing the bed temperature.
Norbenzomorphan Framework as a Novel Scaffold for Generating Sigma 2 Receptor/PGRMC1 Subtype‐Selective Ligands
Authors: Sahn James J. , Hodges Timothy R. , Chan Jessica Z. , Martin Stephen F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA novel structural class with high affinity and subtype selectivity for the sigma 2 receptor has been discovered. Preliminary structure–affinity relationship data are presented showing that 8‐substituted 1,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,5‐methanobenzazepine (norbenzomorphan) derivatives elicit modest to high selectivity for the sigma 2 over the sigma 1 receptor subtype. Indeed, piperazine analogue 8‐(4‐(3‐ethoxy‐3‐oxopropyl)piperazin‐1‐yl)‐1,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,5‐methanobenzazepine‐2‐carboxylate (SAS‐1121) is 574‐fold selective for the sigma 2 over the sigma 1 receptor, thereby establishing it as one of the more subtype‐selective sigma 2 binding ligands reported to date. Emerging evidence has implicated the sigma 2 receptor in multiple health disorders, so the drug‐like characteristics of many of the selective sigma 2 receptor ligands disclosed herein, coupled with their structural similarity to frameworks found in known drugs, suggest that norbenzomorphan analogues may be promising candidates for further development into drug leads.
Metformin prevents hepatocellular carcinoma development by suppressing hepatic progenitor cell activation in a rat model of cirrhosis
Authors: DePeralta Danielle K. , Wei Lan , Ghoshal Sarani , Schmidt Benjamin , Lauwers Gregory Y. , Lanuti Michael , Chung Raymond T. , Tanabe Kenneth K. , Fuchs Bryan C. 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)‐associated mortality is increasing at an alarming rate, and there is a readily identifiable cohort of at‐risk patients with cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and diabetes. These patients are candidates for chemoprevention. Metformin is an attractive agent for chemoprevention because it is inexpensive, has a favorable safety profile, and is well tolerated over long time periods.METHODSThe authors studied the efficacy of metformin as a prevention agent in a clinically relevant rat model of HCC, in which tumors develop in the setting of chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. Repeated injections of diethylnitrosamine were used to induce sequential cirrhosis and HCC, and metformin was administered at the first signs of either fibrosis or cirrhosis.RESULTSProlonged metformin exposure was safe and was associated with decreases in fibrotic and inflammatory markers, especially when administered early at the first signs of fibrosis. In addition, early metformin treatment led to a 44% decrease in HCC incidence, whereas tumor burden was unchanged when metformin was administered at the first signs of cirrhosis. It is noteworthy that activation of the hepatic progenitor/stem cell compartment was first observed at the onset of cirrhosis; therefore, only early metformin treatment suppressed receptor for advanced glycation end products and inhibited the activation of hepatic progenitor cells.CONCLUSIONSThe current results are the first to demonstrate an effect on progenitor/stem cells in the setting of chemoprevention and provide further rationale to explore metformin as an early intervention in clinical trials of patients with chronic liver disease at high risk for HCC. Cancer 2016;122:1216–27. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Intensity of end‐of‐life care for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: Findings from a large national database
Authors: Fletcher Sean A. , Cronin Angel M. , Zeidan Amer M. , Odejide Oreofe O. , Gore Steven D. , Davidoff Amy J. , Steensma David P. , Abel Gregory A. 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDAs the population ages, the prevalence of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) will increase, and many patients with MDS will require end‐of‐life (EOL) care. Little is known about the intensity of EOL care received by patients with these malignancies.METHODSUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare database and standard EOL quality measures, we assessed the prevalence and predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the last 30 days of life, chemotherapy in the last 14 days of life, and hospice enrollment among MDS patients who were 65 years old or older and died between 2006 and 2011.RESULTSOf 6,955 patients, 28% were admitted to the ICU and 7% received chemotherapy near the EOL, while 49% enrolled in hospice. In multivariable models, patients dependent on red blood cell or platelet transfusions at the EOL were less likely to enroll in hospice (odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61‐0.78). Nonwhite patients were less likely to enroll in hospice (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.67‐0.89) and more likely to be admitted to the ICU near the EOL (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.38). Finally, the prevalence of hospice enrollment increased in later years (P < .001).CONCLUSIONSThe intensity of EOL care for patients with MDS varies but is potentially suboptimal with respect to the traditional measure of hospice use. The lower odds of enrollment for transfusion‐dependent patients suggest that the current hospice model, which largely disallows transfusions, may not be meeting the palliative needs of this population. Cancer 2016;122:1209–15. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Micro‐CT based modelling for characterising injection‐moulded porous titanium implants
Authors: Chen Junning , Chen Liangjian , Chang Che‐Cheng , Zhang Zhongpu , Li Wei , Swain Michael V. , Li Qing 
Published: February 2016

SummaryDesign of prosthetic implants to ensure rapid and stable osseointegration remains a significant challenge, and continuous efforts have been directed to new implant materials, structures and morphology. This paper aims to develop and characterise a porous titanium dental implant fabricated by metallic powder injection‐moulding. The surface morphology of the specimens was first examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), followed by microscopic computerised tomography (μ‐CT) scanning to capture its 3D microscopic features non‐destructively. The nature of porosity and pore sizes were determined statistically. A homogenisation technique based on the Hills‐energy theorem was adopted to evaluate its directional elastic moduli, and the conservation of mass theorem was employed to quantify the oxygen diffusivity for bio‐transportation feature. This porous medium was found to have pore sizes varying from 50 to 400 µm and the average porosity of 46.90 ± 1.83%. The anisotropic principal elastic moduli were found fairly close to the upper range of cortical bone, and the directional diffusivities could potentially enable radial osseous tissue ingrowth and vascularisation. This porous titanium successfully reduces the elastic modulus mismatch between implant and bone for dental and orthopaedic applications, and provides improved capacity for transporting oxygen, nutrient and waste for pre‐vascular network formation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rational Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Ultrasmall Nanocrystalline Manganese Binary Oxide Catalysts under Controlled Metal Cation Hydration in Organic Media
Authors: Miyamoto Yumi , Kuroda Yoshiyuki , Uematsu Tsubasa , Oshikawa Hiroyuki , Shibata Naoya , Ikuhara Yuichi , Suzuki Kosuke , Hibino Mitsuhiro , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUltrasmall nanocrystalline manganese binary oxides with various compositions and crystal structures were synthesized by a convenient, rational low‐temperature method. These oxides were obtained in 2‐propanol‐based solutions using the organic‐solvent‐soluble MnO4− as a manganese source under controlled metal cation template hydration. Three‐dimensional spinel oxides were generated selectively by suppressing the hydration of metal cation templates. One‐dimensional tunnels and two‐dimensional layered structures predominated under adequate and high hydration, respectively. These oxides acted as efficient reusable heterogeneous catalysts for primary alcohol ammoxidation and amidation using aqueous NH3 as a nitrogen source and O2 (air) as a terminal oxidant. In particular, ultrasmall Co−Mn spinel oxide effectively catalyzed the ammoxidation of primary alcohols into their corresponding nitriles. The Li−Mn spinel oxide promoted the hydration of ammoxidation‐derived nitriles, facilitating the one‐pot conversion of primary alcohols into primary amides.
Bilinear‐map accumulator‐based verifiable intersection operations on encrypted data in cloud
Authors: Li Fuxiang , Zhou Fucai , Yuan Heqing , Xu Zifeng , Wang Qiang 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe intersection operation on multisets has many applications in different scenarios, such as data mining and pattern matching. This motivates us to study the problem that when users outsource their private encrypted sets and delegate the set‐intersection operation on the corresponding plaintexts to the cloud, the cloud can manage to conduct the operation and make the result verifiable without the decryption capability. We formally introduced a model of Verifiable Intersection Operations on Encrypted Data in Cloud and presented the definitions of the correctness and security properties. We also proposed a concrete scheme basing on the bilinear‐map accumulator and re‐encryption. The scheme was proved secure under some cryptographic assumptions. And the experimental results of the algorithm implementation show the scheme is partly practical for real scenarios. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control centric framework for model continuity in time‐dependent multi‐agent systems
Authors: Cicirelli Franco , Nigro Libero 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis work centres on a control framework for general multi‐agent systems, which separates the design of agents behaviours (the application layer) from crosscutting control concerns (the control layer) regulating message exchange and processing. The goal is to support modelling and execution of a multi‐agent system whose evolution is transparently governed by a pluggable control structure. A library of different control structures, including pure‐concurrent and time‐sensitive (real‐time and simulation) strategies, was developed. The paper describes the developed control framework and focusses on the achievement of control strategies compliant with agent mobility and resource availability. The control design rests on a minimal actor computational model extended with actions, which are independent computational tasks able to execute in parallel. The approach enables model continuity, that is, the same model is used from analysis by simulation to implementation and real‐time execution. The framework is prototyped on top of the JADE agent infrastructure. Usability and effectiveness of the resultant approach are demonstrated by a case study based on a complex closed queue network of services. On‐going and future work is finally pointed out in the conclusions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Ratiometric Luminescent Switch Based on Platinum Complexes Tethered to a Crown‐Ether Scaffold
Authors: Sinn Stephan , Biedermann Frank , Vishe Mahesh , Aliprandi Alessandro , Besnard Céline , Lacour Jérôme , De Cola Luisa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA ratiometric chemosensor for potassium is reported, based on phosphorescent dinuclear cyclometalated PtII complexes featuring a cis‐crown ether as the cation‐recognition unit. The metal complexes are blue luminescent in a non‐aggregated state but become strongly orange emissive when in a close physical proximity, as is the case when the macrocycle is in the folded state. Upon binding of the cation, unfolding occurs, resulting in a pronounced change in the emission properties (e.g. emission wavelength), which can be used for ratiometric sensing applications. The reversibility of the binding was confirmed by competitive titration experiments with unsubstituted 18‐crown‐6; the system shows supramolecular switching behavior.
5,5′‐Bis(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl)‐2,2′‐bi(1,3,4‐oxadiazole) (TKX‐55): Thermally Stable Explosive with Outstanding Properties
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Witkowski Tomasz G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe novel, thermally stable explosive 5,5′‐bis(2,4,6‐trinitro‐phenyl)‐2,2′‐bi(1,3,4‐oxadiazole) (TKX‐55) is reported. This compound can be prepared by means of a facile synthetic procedure and shows outstanding properties (detonation velocity, detonation pressure, sensitivity toward mechanical stimuli, and temperature of decomposition). TKX‐55 was isolated and characterized by means of mass spectrometry, multinuclear (1H, 13C) NMR spectroscopy, and vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman). The structure in the crystalline state was determined by low‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. From the calculated standard molar enthalpy of formation (CBS‐4M) and the densities, the Chapman–Jouguet detonation properties were predicted by using the EXPLO5 V6.01 thermochemical computer code. The sensitivity of TKX‐55 towards impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge was determined. The shock reactivity (explosiveness) of TKX‐55 was measured by applying the small‐scale shock reactivity test.
Path Integral Representation of the Wigner Function in Canonical Ensemble
Authors: Larkin A. S. , Filinov V. S. , Fortov V. E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractQuantum effects can affect the shape of the particle kinetic energy distribution function, as the interaction of a particle with its surroundings restricts the volume of configuration space, which, due to the uncertainty relation, results in an increase in the volume of the momentum space, i.e., in a rise in the fraction of particles with higher momenta. Allowing for quantum effects at calculations of the equilibrium rate constants of inelastic processes is important in consideration of such phenomena as the transition of combustion into detonation, flame propagation, vibrational relaxation, and even thermonuclear fusion at high pressure and low temperatures. Quantum effects are also important in treatment of transport properties of the strongly interacting systems of many particles. In this work the new path integral representation of the quantum Wigner function in the phase space has been developed for canonical ensemble. Explicit analytical expression of the Wigner function has been obtained in harmonic approximation. New quantum Monte‐Carlo method for ab initio calculations of the average values of quantum operators, Wigner function, momentum and position distributions and wave functions of the ground state has been developed and tested. Obtained results are in a very good agreement with available analytical results and results of usual path‐integral Monte‐Carlo method. The developed approach allows simulation of thermodynamic and kinetic properties of quantum systems and calculation average values of quantum operators, when the usual path integral Monte Carlo methods in configurational space failed. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of Buffer Gas Induced Friction on the Caging of Particles in a Dusty Plasma
Authors: Dzhumagulova K N. , Masheyeva R. U. , Ramazanov T. S. , Donkó Z. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn strongly coupled plasmas the diffusion of the particles takes place on a timescale that is long compared to the timescale of oscillations of the particles in the local minima of the potential landscape. The ensuing quasi‐stability of the local particle configurations can be quantified by monitoring the changes of the immediate surroundings, i.e. the ”cages”, of the particles. Studies of cage correlations are presented here for 2‐dimensional Yukawa systems that model dusty plasmas by including the friction exerted on the dust particles by the embedding gaseous environment. We find that the increasing friction enhances the caging time by randomizing the directed motion of the particles. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ion Contribution to Hydrogen Plasma Conductivity Beyond Born Approximation
Authors: Rosmej S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA Lorentz plasma is considered. Within generalized linear response theory, the electrical conductivity is calculated for arbitrary degeneracy including higher orders of interactions (strong collisions, T matrix). The important quantity for the calculation of transport properties is the transport cross section. Assuming statically screened interaction, a fit formula for the electron – ion transport cross section is proposed which is valid for densities up to warm dense matter (WDM). This formula coincides with analytically known limits and reduces the high numerical effort of T matrix calculations at low densities and high temperatures. The plasma parameter regions are given where a Born approximation should be improved considering a T matrix approach. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The work of Baimbetov on Nonideal Plasmas and Some Recent Developments
Authors: Ebeling W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe summarize life and work on nonideal plasma thermodynamics of the late Fazylkhan Baimbetov. Analyzing Baimbetovs method of pseudo potentials we develop several extensions. First we optimize the parameter choice by comparing with recent exact results for thermodynamics. We compare the result of the pseudopotential method with the available exact results, check the formulae for stability and show generalizations of the pseudo potentials and extensions for higher densities. In particular we demonstrate how the introduction of the full Kelbg potential and the Debye‐Kaklyugin methods of suppression of high plasma wave modes allows to include higher orders in density up to Wigner‐type lattice‐like contributions. We show how a new pseudopotential for the free charges can be combined with HNC integral equations. In conclusion we find that the analytical results obtained by Baimbetovs method are, with some improvements, in good overall agreement with available exact results. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrostatic Interaction of Two Point Charges in Equilibrium Plasmas within the Debye Approximation
Authors: Filippov Anatoly V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe influence of the outer boundary shape on the electrostatic interaction of two charged point macroparticles in an equilibrium plasma is studied within the Debye‐Hückel approximation, i.e., based on the linearized Poisson‐Boltzmann model. It is shown that the boundary shape has a strong influence on the electrostatic interaction between two macroparticles, which switches from repulsion at small interparticle distances to attraction as it approaches the half‐length of the computational cell. It is found that in the case of dust particles arranged in the nodes of a simple cubic lattice, the electrostatic force acting on them is equal to zero; hence, an infinite simple cubic lattice of charged dust particles is mechanically stable. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)