bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying Automated Underway Ship Observations to Numerical Model Evaluation
Authors: Smith Shawn R. , Briggs Kristen , Lopez Nicolas , Kourafalou Vassiliki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNumerical models are used widely in the oceanic and atmospheric sciences to estimate and forecast conditions in the marine environment. Herein the application of in situ observations collected by automated instrumentation on ships at sampling rates ≤5 min is demonstrated as a means to evaluate numerical model analyses. Specific case studies use near-surface ocean observations collected by a merchant vessel, an ocean racing yacht, and select research vessels to evaluate various ocean analyses from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Although some specific differences are identified between the observations and numerical model analyses, the purpose of these comparisons is to demonstrate the value of high-sampling-rate in situ observations collected on ships for numerical model evaluation.
Improving Unmanned Aerial Vehicle–Based Acoustic Atmospheric Tomography by Varying the Engine Firing Rate of the Aircraft
Authors: Finn Anthony , Rogers Kevin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIf the acoustic signature of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is observed as it overflies an array of ground microphones, then the projected and observed Doppler shifts in frequency of the narrowband tones generated by its engine may be compared and converted into effective sound speed values. This allows 2D and 3D spatially varying atmospheric temperature and wind velocity fields to be estimated using tomography. Errors in estimating sound speed values are inversely proportional to the rate of change in the narrowband tones received on the ground. As this rate of change typically approaches zero at least twice per microphone during the UAV’s overflight, errors in the time of flight estimates are typically too large to deliver useful precision to the tomographically derived temperature and wind fields. However, these errors may be reduced by one or two orders of magnitude by continuously varying the engine throttle rate, thereby making the tomographic technique potentially feasible. This is demonstrated through reconstruction of realistic simulated conditions for a weakly sheared daytime convective atmospheric boundary layer.
A Revised Prognostic Cloud Fraction Scheme in a Global Forecasting System
Authors: Park Rae-Seol , Chae Jung-Hyo , Hong Song-You 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this study, a revised prognostic cloud fraction scheme for atmospheric models is proposed and its performance is evaluated with a diagnostic cloud fraction scheme. A revision is proposed through a direct linkage between hydrometeors in the cumulus parameterization scheme and the amount of predicted cloud fractions. Cloud fractions that are determined via the prognostic cloud fraction scheme appear to be more realistic than those determined via a diagnostic cloud fraction scheme when both are compared with satellite data. In a medium-range forecast test bed, the biases of large-scale features such as temperature, geopotential height, and mean sea level pressure are moderately reduced when the prognostic cloud fraction scheme is used.
Maximum Wind Gusts Associated with Human-Reported Nonconvective Wind Events and a Comparison to Current Warning Issuance Criteria
Authors: Miller Paul W. , Black Alan W. , Williams Castle A. , Knox John A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Nonconvective high winds are a deceptively hazardous meteorological phenomenon. Though the National Weather Service (NWS) possesses an array of products designed to alert the public to nonconvective wind potential, documentation justifying the choice of issuance thresholds is scarce. Measured wind speeds from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN)-Daily dataset associated with human-reported nonconvective wind events from Storm Data are examined in order to assess the suitability of the current gust criteria for the NWS wind advisory and high wind warning. Nearly 92% (45%) of the nonconvective wind events considered from Storm Data were accompanied by peak gusts beneath the high wind warning (wind advisory) threshold of 58 mi h−1 (25.9 m s−1) [46 mi h−1 (20.6 m s−1)], and greater than 74% (28%) of all fatal and injury-causing events were associated with peak gusts below these same product gust criteria. NWS wind products were disproportionately issued in areas of complex terrain where wind climatologies include a greater frequency of high wind warning threshold-level gusts, irrespective of observed impacts. For many areas of the eastern United States, a 58 mi h−1 (25.9 m s−1) gust of convective, tropical, or nonconvective origin falls within the top 0.5% of all observed daily maximum wind gusts, nearly eliminating the possibility of a nonconvective gust meeting the issuance criterion.
Participants’ employment status and experiences in the year after the Experienced Involvement training
Authors: Hegedüs Anna , Seidel Elena , Steinauer Regine 
Published: January 2016

Background: Peer support workers (PSWs) are an emerging workforce within the Swiss mental health system. The ‘Experienced Involvement’ (EX-IN) training programmes prepare and certify individuals who have experienced mental health problems to work as PSWs. Aims: This study examined the influence of EX-IN training on participants’ employment status and their experiences in the year after training. Method: We employed quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were collected at baseline, immediately after completion and at 1 year post-training. Additionally, individual narrative interviews were conducted with 10 participants at 1 year post-training. Results: At 1 year of completion, the majority of participants were in paid employment. Difficulties included unclear PSW roles. The qualitative analyses revealed the following categories: ‘Evolving from the patient role despite experiencing effects or consequences of mental illness’, ‘Feeling welcome and being confronted with conflicting expectations’, ‘Helping others while being needy at the same time’ and ‘Doing something worthwhile and the fear of failure’. Conclusion: Clear role descriptions, well-defined expectations, team preparation, acknowledgement of vulnerabilities and institution-level support PSWs are important to safeguard both PSWs and service users by minimising the destabilisation risk. Future EX-IN training graduates can benefit from the establishment of remunerated PSW roles in psychiatric services.
Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the differential diagnosis of vascular anomalies from other lesions in the head and neck region
Authors: He Jie , Zhu Hanguang , Zhang Chunye , Wang Yanan , Zheng Jiawei , Qiu Weiliu 
Published: January 2016

Objective To summarise the role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the differential diagnosis of vascular anomalies from other lesions in the head and neck region by presenting five interesting cases reported from our hospital data. Method Five patients ranging in age from 3 months to 25 years old were diagnosed with vascular anomalies based on their histories, clinical examinations, imaging examinations and ultrasonic testing. The previous diagnosis of these patients were corrected by fine needle aspiration cytology in our hospital and the proper treatment was administered. Result Two cases were wrongly treated in a local hospital. All five of the patients underwent operations after excluding vascular anomalies by fine needle aspiration cytology. Conclusion Fine needle aspiration cytology should be used in the following situations to prevent misdiagnoses and the mistreatment as vascular anomalies: when imaging examination and ultrasonic testing lead to a diagnosis of vascular malformation, but the history or clinical examination does not confirm this diagnosis; when lesions are treated as “vascular malformations” by sclerotherapy, and the hydatid fluid is not like blood or lymph fluid; and when propranolol is used to treat the proliferation stage of “haemangiomas” with without any effect.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment on an acute medical unit: a qualitative study of older people’s and informal carer’s perspectives of the care and treatment received
Authors: Darby Janet , Williamson Tracey , Logan Pip , Gladman John 
Published: January 2016

Objective: This qualitative study was imbedded in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the addition of geriatricians to usual care to enable the comprehensive geriatric assessment process with older patients on acute medical units. The qualitative study explored the perspectives of intervention participants on their care and treatment. Design: A constructivist study incorporating semi-structured interviews that were conducted in patients’ homes within six weeks of discharge from the acute medical unit. These interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis. Setting: An acute medical unit in the United Kingdom. Participants: Older patients ( n = 18) and their informal carers ( n = 6) discharged directly home from an acute medical unit, who had been in the intervention group of the randomized controlled trial. Results: Three core themes were constructed: (1) perceived lack of treatment on the acute medical unit; (2) nebulous grasp of the role of the geriatrician; and (3) on-going health and activities of daily living needs postdischarge. These needs impacted upon the informal carers, who either took over, or helped the patients to complete their activities of daily living. Despite the help received with activities of daily living, a lot of the patients voiced a desire to complete these activities themselves. Conclusions: The participants perceived they were just monitored and observed on the acute medical unit, rather than receiving active treatment, and spoke of on-going unresolved health and activity of daily living needs following discharge, despite receiving the additional intervention of a geriatrician.
A review of job tenure under the Job in Jeopardy programme in first episode psychosis
Authors: Williams Philip Lee , Lloyd Chris 
Published: January 2016

Introduction This paper explores what happens to young people with psychosis who have competitive employment when they first engage in treatment. Method 11 of 39 (28%) of programme participants of an individual placement and support programme who received vocational assistance under the Job in Jeopardy funding were identified. A prospective observational design was used to evaluate programme outcomes over a minimum of 6 months. Results It is of interest that the majority of young people who were at risk of losing their job and were receiving assistance did not manage to sustain employment. At the completion of data collection only two people continued to be engaged in competitive employment. Conclusion Although the sample is very small, there appears to be a clear trend demonstrating that being engaged in competitive employment at the point of experiencing a first episode of psychosis does not protect an individual against losing that job. It is evident that staff involved with this group of clients need to assist those with employment to maintain it. There is the potential for occupational therapists to play a key role in assisting these young people to secure and maintain meaningful occupation.
The Effect of an Orthopaedic Surgical Procedure in the National Basketball Association
Authors: Minhas Shobhit V. , Kester Benjamin S. , Larkin Kevin E. , Hsu Wellington K. 
Published: January 2016

Background: Professional basketball players have a high incidence of injuries requiring surgical intervention. However, no studies in the current literature have compared postoperative performance outcomes among common injuries to determine high- and low-risk procedures to these athletes’ careers. Purpose: To compare return-to-play (RTP) rates and performance-based outcomes after different orthopaedic procedures in National Basketball Association (NBA) players and to determine which surgeries are associated with the worst postoperative change in performance. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Athletes in the NBA undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Achilles tendon repair, lumbar discectomy, microfracture, meniscus surgery, hand/wrist or foot fracture fixation, and shoulder stabilization were identified through team injury reports and archives on public record. The RTP rate, games played per season, and player efficiency rating (PER) were determined before and after surgery. Statistical analysis was used to compare the change between pre- and postsurgical performance among the different injuries. Results: A total of 348 players were included. The RTP rates were highest in patients with hand/wrist fractures (98.1%; mean age, 27.0 years) and lowest for those with Achilles tears (70.8%; mean age, 28.4 years) ( P = .005). Age ≥30 years (odds ratio [OR], 3.85; 95% CI, 1.24-11.91) and body mass index ≥27 kg/m2 (OR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.05-11.40) were predictors of not returning to play. Players undergoing Achilles tendon repair and arthroscopic knee surgery had a significantly greater decline in postoperative performance outcomes at the 1- and 3-year time points and had shorter career lengths compared with the other procedures. Conclusion: NBA players undergoing Achilles tendon rupture repair or arthroscopic knee surgery had significantly worse performance postoperatively compared with other orthopaedic procedures.
The Degree of Knee Extension Does Not Affect Postoperative Stability or Subsequent Graft Tear Rate After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Patellar Tendon Autograft
Authors: Benner Rodney W. , Shelbourne K. Donald , Gray Tinker 
Published: January 2016

Background: There is concern that high degrees of hyperextension may lead to an increase in graft laxity or graft failure after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Hypothesis: Patients with a high degree of hyperextension will have a higher rate of graft tear/failure and lower subjective scores after surgery compared with patients with less knee extension. Study Design: Cohort study, Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Of 2329 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft between 1998 and 2008, there were 625 patients who met the inclusion criteria of having primary ACL surgery, no bilateral ACL injuries, no existing osteoarthritis, and having either ≥6° of knee hyperextension before and after surgery (group A: n = 318; mean hyperextension, 8° ± 2° [range, 6°-15°]) or ≤3° of knee hyperextension before and after surgery (group B: n = 307; mean hyperextension, 0° ± 3° [range, 3° hyperextension to −4° short of 0° neutral]). KT-1000 arthrometer manual maximum difference between knees, range of motion measurements, and subjective follow-up with International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Cincinnati Knee Ratings Scale (CKRS) surveys were used to evaluate results. Subsequent graft tear related to specific injury within 5 years of surgery was recorded. Graft failure was defined as a KT-1000 manual maximum difference of >5 mm. Results: Follow-up was obtained from 278 (87%) in group A and 275 (90%) in group B at a mean of 4.1 ± 1.1 years after surgery. The KT-1000 arthrometer manual maximum difference between knees was 2.0 ± 1.4 in group A and 2.1 ± 1.6 in group B ( P = .701). Subsequent ACL graft tear/failure occurred in 22 patients (6.9%) in group A and 30 patients (9.8%) in group B ( P = .246). Further subanalysis showed that the graft tear/failure rate was 6 of 81 (7.4%) for patients with ≥10° of hyperextension versus 16 of 237 (6.8%) for patients with 6° to 9° of hyperextension. There was no difference in IKDC or CKRS scores between groups after surgery ( P = .933 and .155, respectively). Conclusion: Obtaining full hyperextension that is anatomically normal for most patients does not affect objective stability, ACL graft tear/failure rates, or subjective scores after ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft.
Preparation of a small intestinal submucosa modified polypropylene hybrid mesh via a mussel-inspired polydopamine coating for pelvic reconstruction
Authors: Ge Liangpeng , Liu Lubin , Wei Haoche , Du Lei , Chen Shixuan , Huang Yong , Huang Renshu 
Published: January 2016

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a serious health issue that affects many adult women. Surgical treatments for POP patients comprise a common strategy in which scaffold materials are used to reconstruct the prolapsed pelvic. However, the existing materials for pelvic reconstruction cannot meet clinical requirements in terms of biocompatibility, mechanics and immunological rejection. To address these concerns, polypropylene (PP) mesh was selected because of its strong mechanical properties. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) was used to modify the PP mesh via a mussel-inspired polydopamine coating to enhance its biocompatibility. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results demonstrated that SIS was successfully conjugated on the surface of the PP mesh. Moreover, the cytotoxicity results indicated that the PP mesh and SIS-modified PP mesh were safe to use. Furthermore, in vivo tests demonstrated that the fibroplasia around the implanted site in the SIS-modified PP mesh group was significantly less than the fibroplasia around the PP mesh group. In addition, the immunohistochemistry staining results indicated that the expression of pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) was substantially lower and that the expression of pro-healing macrophages (M2) was higher in the SIS-modified PP mesh group. Furthermore, ELISA detection indicated that the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in the SIS-modified PP mesh group was reduced compared with the PP mesh group. These findings suggest that a SIS-modified polypropylene hybrid mesh via a mussel-inspired polydopamine coating is a promising approach in pelvic reconstruction.
Assessment of Postgraduate Year 2 Pharmacy Residency Programs Within the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System
Authors: Naples Jennifer G. , Mantovani Emily H. , Rothrock-Christian Tracie , Brown Jamie N. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: Despite the increasing importance placed on advanced training for clinical pharmacists, literature describing postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) residency opportunities is limited. The objective of this study was to describe characteristics of PGY2 programs within the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. Methods: An online survey addressing attributes of PGY2 residency programs was electronically distributed to VA residency program directors (RPDs). Results: Responses from 27 (32.9%) VA PGY2 residency programs were included, representing 11 distinct PGY2 specialties. Growth and recruitment trends were similar across programs, with most programs projecting additional expansion. Staffing requirements were uncommon, but opportunities to precept and earn teaching certificates were prevalent. RPDs had been licensed pharmacists an average of 16.9 years, and most had at least 1 advanced certification. The majority of programs had a formal residency advisory committee and required preceptors to attend regular development meetings. Conclusion: Although multiple postgraduate specialties were represented, the requirements and opportunities available for PGY2 pharmacy residents were similar across VA facilities. By comparing residency programs in a nationally integrated health-care system, this study may promote growth of existing PGY2 programs, facilitate the establishment of new programs, and provide a framework for prospective residents to evaluate programs of interest.
Hyper-IgE Syndrome in an Infant
Authors: Giberson Mariah , Finlayson Laura 
Published: January 2016

Background: Hyper–immunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder that affects multiple systems. One of the early findings is a papulopustular rash, which has a wide differential diagnosis. Method: The authors report the case of a male newborn diagnosed with HIES. He presented with papulopustular dermatitis on the scalp. The authors also present a review of current theory on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of HIES. Conclusion: Although HIES is a multisystem disorder, many of the manifestations of HIES may present after the neonatal period. The cutaneous manifestations of HIES are usually present shortly after birth, and the presentation of pustules in a newborn may be one of the reasons a dermatologist would be asked to assess a patient in the neonatal period.
Association of Dementia and Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Hsu Chih-Chao , Hsu Yi-Chao , Chang Kuang-Hsi , Lee Chang-Yin , Chong Lee-Won , Lin Cheng-Li , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: January 2016

Objective: We determine the association between dementia and the subsequent peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Methods: We identified patients with diagnosed dementia in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A comparison cohort without dementia was frequency-matched by age, sex, and comorbidities, and the occurrence of PUD was evaluated in both cohorts. Results: The dementia and control cohort consisted of 6014 patients with dementia and 17 830 frequency-matched patients without dementia, respectively. The incidence of PUD (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.37; P < .001) was higher among patients with dementia. Cox models showed that being female, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were independent risk factors for PUD in patients with dementia. Conclusion: Dementia might increase the risk of developing PUD.
Bilayer Implants
Authors: Schagemann Jan C. , Rudert Nicola , Taylor Michelle E. , Sim Sotcheadt , Quenneville Eric , Garon Martin , Klinger Mathias , Buschmann Michael D. , Mittelstaedt Hagen 
Published: January 2016

Objective To compare the regenerative capacity of 2 distinct bilayer implants for the restoration of osteochondral defects in a preliminary sheep model. Methods Critical sized osteochondral defects were treated with a novel biomimetic poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) implant (Treatment No. 2; n = 6) or a combination of Chondro-Gide and Orthoss (Treatment No. 1; n = 6). At 19 months postoperation, repair tissue ( n = 5 each) was analyzed for histology and biochemistry. Electromechanical mappings (Arthro-BST) were performed ex vivo. Results Histological scores, electromechanical quantitative parameter values, dsDNA and sGAG contents measured at the repair sites were statistically lower than those obtained from the contralateral surfaces. Electromechanical mappings and higher dsDNA and sGAG/weight levels indicated better regeneration for Treatment No. 1. However, these differences were not significant. For both treatments, Arthro-BST revealed early signs of degeneration of the cartilage surrounding the repair site. The International Cartilage Repair Society II histological scores of the repair tissue were significantly higher for Treatment No. 1 (10.3 ± 0.38 SE) compared to Treatment No. 2 (8.7 ± 0.45 SE). The parameters cell morphology and vascularization scored highest whereas tidemark formation scored the lowest. Conclusion There was cell infiltration and regeneration of bone and cartilage. However, repair was incomplete and fibrocartilaginous. There were no significant differences in the quality of regeneration between the treatments except in some histological scoring categories. The results from Arthro-BST measurements were comparable to traditional invasive/destructive methods of measuring quality of cartilage repair.