bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct codes for environment structure and symmetry in postrhinal and retrosplenial cortices
Authors: LaChance Patrick A. , Hasselmo Michael E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractComplex sensory information arrives in the brain from an animal’s first-person (‘egocentric’) perspective. However, animals can efficiently navigate as if referencing map-like (‘allocentric’) representations. The postrhinal (POR) and retrosplenial (RSC) cortices are thought to mediate between sensory input and internal maps, combining egocentric representations of physical cues with allocentric head direction (HD) information. Here we show that neurons in the POR and RSC of female Long-Evans rats are tuned to distinct but complementary aspects of local space. Egocentric bearing (EB) cells recorded in square and L-shaped environments reveal that RSC cells encode local geometric features, while POR cells encode a more global account of boundary geometry. Additionally, POR HD cells can incorporate egocentric information to fire in two opposite directions with two oppositely placed identical visual landmarks, while only a subset of RSC HD cells possess this property. Entorhinal grid and HD cells exhibit consistently allocentric spatial firing properties. These results reveal significant regional differences in the neural encoding of spatial reference frames.
Interferometric excitation fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy
Authors: Malý Pavel , Strachotová Dita , Holoubek Aleš , Heřman Petr 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a well-established technique with numerous imaging applications. Yet, one of the limitations of FLIM is that it only provides information about the emitting state. Here, we present an extension of FLIM by interferometric measurement of fluorescence excitation spectra. Interferometric Excitation Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (ixFLIM) reports on the correlation of the excitation spectra and emission lifetime, providing the correlation between the ground-state absorption and excited-state emission. As such, it extends the applicability of FLIM and removes some of its limitations. We introduce ixFLIM on progressively more complex systems, directly compare it to standard FLIM, and apply it to quantitative resonance energy transfer imaging from a single measurement.
Carbon isotope budget indicates biological disequilibrium dominated ocean carbon storage at the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Omta Anne Willem , Follett Christopher L. , Lauderdale Jonathan M. , Ferrari Raffaele 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the causes of the ~90 ppmv atmospheric CO2 swings between glacial and interglacial climates is an important open challenge in paleoclimate research. Although the regularity of the glacial-interglacial cycles hints at a single driving mechanism, Earth System models require many independent physical and biological processes to explain the full observed CO2 signal. Here we show that biologically sequestered carbon in the ocean can explain an atmospheric CO2 change of 75 ± 40 ppmv, based on a mass balance calculation using published carbon isotopic measurements. An analysis of the carbon isotopic signatures of different water masses indicates similar regenerated carbon inventories at the Last Glacial Maximum and during the Holocene, requiring that the change in carbon storage was dominated by disequilibrium. We attribute the inferred change in carbon disequilibrium to expansion of sea-ice or change in the overturning circulation.
Small-molecule properties define partitioning into biomolecular condensates
Authors: Ambadi Thody Sabareesan , Clements Hanna D. , Baniasadi Hamid , Lyon Andrew S. , Sigman Matthew S. , Rosen Michael K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiomolecular condensates regulate cellular function by compartmentalizing molecules without a surrounding membrane. Condensate function arises from the specific exclusion or enrichment of molecules. Thus, understanding condensate composition is critical to characterizing condensate function. Whereas principles defining macromolecular composition have been described, understanding of small-molecule composition remains limited. Here we quantified the partitioning of ~1,700 biologically relevant small molecules into condensates composed of different macromolecules. Partitioning varied nearly a million-fold across compounds but was correlated among condensates, indicating that disparate condensates are physically similar. For one system, the enriched compounds did not generally bind macromolecules with high affinity under conditions where condensates do not form, suggesting that partitioning is not governed by site-specific interactions. Correspondingly, a machine learning model accurately predicts partitioning using only computed physicochemical features of the compounds, chiefly those related to solubility and hydrophobicity. These results suggest that a hydrophobic environment emerges upon condensate formation, driving the enrichment and exclusion of small molecules.
Exploring the potential of 5G uplink communication: Synergistic integration of joint power control, user grouping, and multi-learning Grey Wolf Optimizer
Authors: Sikkanan Sobana , Kumar Chandrasekaran , Manoharan Premkumar , Ravichandran Sowmya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNon-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) techniques offer potential enhancements in spectral efficiency for 5G and 6G wireless networks, facilitating broader network access. Central to realizing optimal system performance are factors like joint power control, user grouping, and decoding order. This study investigates power control and user grouping to optimize spectral efficiency in NOMA uplink systems, aiming to reduce computational difficulty. While previous research on this integrated optimization has identified several near-optimal solutions, they often come with considerable system and computational overheads. To address this, this study employed an improved Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), a nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization method. Although GWO is effective, it can sometimes converge prematurely and might lack diversity. To enhance its performance, this study introduces a new version of GWO, integrating Competitive Learning, Q-learning, and Greedy Selection. Competitive learning adopts agent competition, balancing exploration and exploitation and preserving diversity. Q-learning guides the search based on past experiences, enhancing adaptability and preventing redundant exploration of sub-optimal regions. Greedy selection ensures the retention of the best solutions after each iteration. The synergistic integration of these three components substantially enhances the performance of the standard GWO. This algorithm was used to manage power and user-grouping in NOMA systems, aiming to strengthen system performance while restricting computational demands. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was validated through numerical evaluations. Simulated outcomes revealed that when applied to the joint challenge in NOMA uplink systems, it surpasses the spectral efficiency of conventional orthogonal multiple access. Moreover, the proposed approach demonstrated superior performance compared to the standard GWO and other state-of-the-art algorithms, achieving reduced system complexity under identical constraints.
Predicting prognosis for epithelial ovarian cancer patients receiving bevacizumab treatment with CT-based deep learning
Authors: Huang Xiaoyu , Huang Yong , Liu Kexin , Zhang Fenglin , Zhu Zhou , Xu Kai , Li Ping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) presents considerable difficulties in prognostication and treatment strategy development. Bevacizumab, an anti-angiogenic medication, has demonstrated potential in enhancing progression-free survival (PFS) in EOC patients. Nevertheless, the identification of individuals at elevated risk of disease progression following treatment remains a challenging task. This study was to develop and validate a deep learning (DL) model using retrospectively collected computed tomography (CT) plain scans of inoperable and recurrent EOC patients receiving bevacizumab treatment diagnosed between January 2013 and January 2024. A total of 525 patients from three different institutions were retrospectively included in the study and divided into training set (N = 400), internal test set (N = 97) and external test set (N = 28). The model’s performance was evaluated using Harrell’s C-index. Patients were categorized into high-risk and low-risk group based on a predetermined cutoff in the training set. Additionally, a multimodal model was evaluated, incorporating the risk score generated by the DL model and the pretreatment level of carbohydrate antigen 125 as input variables. The Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) metric quantified the reclassification performance of our optimal model in comparison to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging model. The results indicated that DL model achieved a PFS predictive C-index of 0.73 in the internal test set and a C-index of 0.61 in the external test set, along with hazard ratios of 34.24 in the training set (95% CI: 21.7, 54.1; P < 0.001) and 8.16 in the internal test set (95% CI: 2.5, 26.8; P < 0.001). The multimodal model demonstrated a C-index of 0.76 in the internal test set and a C-index of 0.64 in the external test set. Comparative analysis against FIGO staging revealed an NRI of 0.06 (P < 0.001) for the multimodal model. The model presents opportunities for prognostic assessment, treatment strategizing, and ongoing patient monitoring.
HPV-YAP1 oncogenic alliance drives malignant transformation of fallopian tube epithelial cells
Authors: He Chunbo , Lv Xiangmin , Liu Jiyuan , Ruan Jinpeng , Chen Peichao , Huang Cong , Angeletti Peter C , Hua Guohua , Moness Madelyn Leigh , Shi Davie , Dhar Anjali , Yang Siyi , Murphy Savannah , Montoute Isabelle , Chen Xingcheng , Islam Kazi Nazrul , George Sophia , Ince Tan A , Drapkin Ronny , Guda Chittibabu , Davis John S , Wang Cheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHigh grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most common and aggressive ovarian malignancy. Accumulating evidence indicates that HGSOC may originate from human fallopian tube epithelial cells (FTECs), although the exact pathogen(s) and/or molecular mechanism underlying the malignant transformation of FTECs is unclear. Here we show that human papillomavirus (HPV), which could reach FTECs via retrograde menstruation or sperm-carrying, interacts with the yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) to drive the malignant transformation of FTECs. HPV prevents FTECs from natural replicative and YAP1-induced senescence, thereby promoting YAP1-induced malignant transformation of FTECs. HPV also stimulates proliferation and drives metastasis of YAP1-transformed FTECs. YAP1, in turn, stimulates the expression of the putative HPV receptors and suppresses the innate immune system to facilitate HPV acquisition. These findings provide critical clues for developing new strategies to prevent and treat HGSOC.
Protective effect of (E)-(2,4-dihydroxy)-α-aminocinnamic acid, a hydroxy cinnamic acid derivative, in an ulcerative colitis model induced by TNBS
Authors: Rivera Antonio Astrid Mayleth , Padilla Martínez Itzia Irene , Márquez-Flores Yazmín Karina , Juárez Solano Alan Hipólito , Torres Ramos Mónica A. , Rosales Hernández Martha Cecilia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a multifactorial disease that causes long-lasting inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract. UC is the most common form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The current treatment for mild-to-moderate UC involves the use of 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASA), but much of this compound is unabsorbed and metabolized by N-acetylation. Several efforts have since been made to evaluate new molecules from synthetic or natural sources. Recently, it was reported that (E)-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy)-α-aminocinnamic acid (2c) and (E)-(2,4-dihydroxy)-α-aminocinnamic acid (2f) are as good or better myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitors and antioxidants than 5-ASA. Then, the present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of 2c and 2f on a rat model of UC induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The results showed that TNBS caused the induction of colonic ulcers, as well as a significant increase in MPO activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decrease in glutathione (GSH) content. The administration of 2f, 2c and 5-ASA, decreased the ulcers presence, inhibited MPO peroxidation activity and MPO presence (as determined by immunofluorescence), and increased GSH and reduced MDA content. However, 2f was better than 2c and 5-ASA, then, the principal mechanism by which 2f presented a protective effect in a UC model induced by TNBS in rats is by inhibiting MPO activity and due to its antioxidant activity.
Diagnosing up-scattered deuterium–tritium fusion neutrons produced in burning plasmas at the National Ignition Facility (invited)
Authors: Jeet J. , Appelbe B. D. , Crilly A. J. , Divol L. , Eckart M. , Hahn K. D. , Hartouni E. P. , Hayes A. , Kerr S. , Kim Y. , Mariscal E. , Moore A. S. , Ramirez A. , Rusev G. , Schlossberg D. J. 
Published: September 2024

In the push to higher performance fusion plasmas, two critical quantities to diagnose are α-heat deposition that can improve and impurities mixed into the plasma that can limit performance. In high-density, highly collisional inertial confinement fusion burning plasmas, there is a significant probability that deuterium–tritium (DT) fusion products, 14.1 MeV neutrons and 3.5 MeV α-particles, will collide with and deposit energy onto (“up-scatter”) surrounding deuterium and tritium fuel ions. These up-scattered D and T ions can then undergo fusion while in-flight and produce an up-scattered neutron (15–30 MeV). These reaction-in-flight (RIF) neutrons can then be uniquely identified in the measured neutron energy spectrum. The magnitude, shape, and relative size of this spectral feature can inform models of stopping-power in the DT plasma and hence is directly proportional to α-heat deposition. In addition, the RIF spectrum can be related to mix into the burning fuel, particularly relevant for high-Z shell and other emerging National Ignition Facility platforms. The neutron time-of-flight diagnostic upgrades needed to obtain this small signal, ∼10−5 times the primary DT neutron peak, will be discussed. Results from several gain &gt; 1 implosions will be shown and compared to previous RIF spectra. Finally, comparisons of experimental data to a simplified computational model will be made.
Romania’s first female prime minister’s meme-ification
Authors: Negrea-Busuioc Elena , Ștefăniță Oana , Buf Diana-Maria 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Political memes are ubiquitous in social media. They are easy to make, alter and spread, and they are a funny way
of sanctioning politicians. This paper seeks to analyze the satirical memes targeting Viorica Dăncilă and to explore the extent to
which such memes could be considered a manifestation of political trivialization rather than of criticism. Drawing on qualitative
methods of text and image analysis we ask: (1) how is humor constructed in political memes targeting Romania’s former prime
minister, and (2) to what extent could the memes be considered either a form of political criticism or a matter of pure
entertainment. Our findings show that the humor in the examined memes is largely offensive (including sexist and misogynistic),
sometimes at the expense of humor display. We argue that such offensive content triggers a cancellation of the criticizing force
of the memes and an amplification of their short-lived amusement value.
Limits, frontiers, antagonism
Authors: De Toffoli Matteo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The paper deals with the role of antagonism within post-structuralist discourse theory, and does so by revisiting
the genesis and transformations of the conceptual couple limit/frontier. The first paragraphs introduce the conception of
discourse put forward by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, and explain why they envisaged the necessity of discursive closure in
antagonistic terms. The central sections deal with the emergence of the concept of antagonism in Hegemony and Socialist
Strategy (1985) and its connection with the notions of limit and frontier, highlight the theoretical problems arising
thereof and follow the refinements advanced by discourse-theoretical critics and scholars. The last paragraph draws the
consequences of this debate and argues for a rehabilitation of the concept of antagonism: not to be intended as a fate inherent to
the constitution of any discourse, but as a useful political tool for questioning concrete discursive formations.
Attention allocation in (L1) subtitled and (L2) captioned video
viewing
Authors: Pujadas Geòrgia , Puimège Eva 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pre-directing learners’ attention to novel words
facilitates learning through meaning-focused input, but little is known
about the effect that vocabulary-focused activities may have on video
processing and comprehension. This study investigates attention allocation
in (L1) subtitled and (L2) captioned video viewing and explores potential
trade-offs between pre-viewing instruction and comprehension. Eighty-seven
Catalan/Spanish L2-English beginner learners watched an eight-minute video
with either captions or subtitles while their eye-movements were recorded.
Half of the participants in each language condition were pre-taught
vocabulary. Results showed that pre-viewing instruction affected attention
allocation only in the captions group, with participants tending to spend
less time on target captions and comprehension-relevant captions. Allocating
attention to vocabulary, however, did not seem to hinder comprehension in a
significant manner.
Vocabulary learning from audiovisual input at first exposure in young
adult novice learners
Authors: Miralpeix Imma , Gesa Ferran , Suárez Maria del Mar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this ‘First Exposure’ (FE) study, 106
Catalan/Spanish young adults proficient in English watched a short advert
with the audio in English and subtitles in Polish, a language they were not
familiar with. Results indicated that vocabulary learning took
place, as their meaning
recognition scores were significantly higher than those of a
control group who had not seen the video. The most recurrent learning
strategies these novice
learners used were associations with imagery and with
vocabulary in previously learned languages, along with attention to specific
input factors such as frequency of word occurrence. Findings reveal how
audiovisual input can help vocabulary acquisition at FE, as well as factors
relevant for learning from video viewing at these very first stages.
More pieces in the puzzle about language learning through audiovisual
input
Authors: Muñoz Carmen , Miralpeix Imma 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this concluding chapter, we bring together findings
from the studies in this volume and place them within the context of prior
research on audiovisual input, particularly within the broader framework of
the SUBTiLL project. The findings are organized into three sections:
captioned viewing, learning outcomes across various language dimensions, and
individual differences. The first section addresses several concerns
regarding captions, including their appropriateness for use with primary
school children, a comparison with L1 subtitles, and caption enhancement.
The second section delves into the observed improvements in vocabulary
acquisition, content comprehension, grammar, pronunciation, and pragmatics.
The third section examines individual differences, specifically focusing on
vocabulary size, reading skills, language learning aptitude, and age.
Finally, we discuss implications and propose future research directions.
Enigmatic factor of 4/3 in electromagnetic momentum of a moving spherical capacitor
Authors: Singal Ashok K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The electromagnetic energy–momentum of a moving charged spherical capacitor may be calculated by a 4-vector Lorentz transformation from the energy in the rest frame. However, energy–momentum of the moving system computed directly from electromagnetic fields yields extra terms; in particular a factor of 4/3 in momentum appears, similar to that encountered in the classical electron model, where this enigmatic factor has been a source of confusion for more than a century. There have been many attempts to eliminate this ‘unwanted’ factor, noteworthy among them is a modification in electromagnetic field energy–momentum definition that has entered even standard textbooks. Here it is shown that in a moving charged spherical capacitor, such a factor of 4/3 in the electromagnetic momentum arises naturally from electromagnetic forces in system or equivalently from terms in the Maxwell stress tensor; contributions that do not otherwise show up in 4-vector transformations. A similar factor of 4/3 in the momentum of a perfect fluid comprising a randomly moving ultra-relativistic gas molecules or an isotropic photon gas, filling an uncharged spherical capacitor in motion, appears owing to the contribution of pressure. Thus, genesis of the ‘enigmatic’ factor of 4/3 can be traced to pressure or stress whose presence in the system may even be of non-electromagnetic origin and where the proposed modifications in energy–momentum definition do not even come into picture, implying there is no justification in modifying the standard definition of electromagnetic energy–momentum.
The dissolution of metal carbonate precipitation under the external electric and magnetic fields: reactive force field molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Shen Cong , Lin Li , Lan Mu , Sun Zhijun , Zhao Wan , Chen Xisan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The dissolution of metal carbonates holds a pivotal role in diverse industrial processes, environmental occurrences, and geological formations. Grasping the fundamental mechanisms underlying these processes is imperative for enhancing industrial applications and mitigating environmental impacts. Herein, we undertake a thorough investigation employing reactive forcefieldmolecular dynamics simulations to delve into the dissolution process of metal carbonates. These simulations afford profound insights into the mechanisms and kinetics governing the process across various conditions, encompassing temperature, acidity, and external electric and magnetic fields. Although temperature itself exerts a limited influence, the study reveals a synergistic enhancement of metal carbonate dissolution kinetics when temperature is combined with static electric and magnetic fields. Our revelations offer enlightening perspectives on the intricate interplay of factors shaping dissolution processes, laying the foundation for future inquiries in this domain.