bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis of enuresis: Towards a new understanding
Authors: Nevéus Tryggve 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEnuresis was historically viewed as a primarily psychiatric disorder, but this understanding has changed dramatically since the end of the last century, when it became clear that somatic factors, such as nocturnal polyuria as a result of vasopressin deficiency, nocturnal detrusor overactivity and high arousal thresholds, all play a crucial role in enuresis pathogenesis. It has also become clear that enuresis is inherited in the majority of cases, although the correlation between genotype and enuretic phenotype is not straightforward. The standard view of enuresis as being the result of either (i) nocturnal polyuria and high arousal thresholds; or (ii) nocturnal detrusor overactivity and high arousal thresholds has become well‐established, but further research now complicates the picture. First, psychological/psychiatric problems are overrepresented in enuresis, and might in a minority of cases have a causal or aggravating role. Second, nocturnal polyuria is not always linked to vasopressin deficiency. Third, nocturnal detrusor overactivity is in itself pathogenetically heterogeneous, and could be linked to constipation. Fourth, the sleep of enuretic children might be “deep,” but possibly also disturbed (by obstructed airways or a distended or contracting bladder). These children might have high arousal thresholds because of the enuresis instead of the other way around. The same might possibly be said about nocturnal polyuria. Taking these new insights into account, a new model of enuresis pathogenesis is presented, which is more complicated but hopefully also more true than the standard consensus.
An Innovative Method for Fragment Reattachment after Complicated Crown Fracture
Authors: Tonini Riccardo 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe case of a nineteen‐year‐old female with atypical fractures to three maxillary incisors (#11 FDI, #8 universal; #21 FDI, #9 universal and #22 FDI, #10 universal) with one showing a complicated crown fracture and pulp exposure is reported. A partial pulpotomy had been carried out immediately after trauma and the patient complained of acute pain on percussion of the left central incisor. Direct restoration with resin‐based composite was carried out on the two teeth where fragments were not available (tooth #8 and #10) and root canal treatment with reattachment of fragments and fiber post was carried out on the third (tooth #9). An innovative method was used to reattach the tooth fragments whereby the fiber post was inserted without drilling a hole in the crown thus preserving the integrity of the crown. Follow‐up visits confirmed the success of treatment based on clinical and radiographic evaluations. The patient was pain free with no tooth sensitivity and good function and esthetics after four years of follow‐up.Clinical SignificanceCase report with a follow‐up of 4 years, provides confirmatory evidence of the long‐term efficacy of an innovative method to reattach tooth fragments whereby fiber post is inserted without drilling a hole in the crown thus preserving the integrity of the crown. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:172–177, 2017)
The Synonymy of the Toxic Dinoflagellates Prorocentrum mexicanum and P. rhathymum and the Description of P. steidingerae sp. nov. (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae)
Authors: Gómez Fernando , Qiu Dajun , Lin Senjie 
Published: February 2017

AbstractProrocentrum mexicanum and P. rhathymum are toxicologically important dinoflagellates, but their relationship is not well defined. We investigated strains from Puerto Rico and Brazil by light and scanning electron microscopies. We provide molecular data from a strain isolated near the type locality of P. rhathymum, and the first morphological and molecular data from the South Atlantic Ocean. The rRNA gene (rDNA) sequences of the Puerto Rican and Brazilian strains were identical, and their morphologies fit the description of P. rhathymum. In the molecular phylogenies, the globally distributed populations under the names P. mexicanum and P. rhathymum are intermixed and branched together, except for several divergent strains from Florida and Cuba. We examined the original descriptions and iconotypes of the species Prorocentrum maximum, P. brochii, P. mexicanum, and P. rhathymum. We conclude that P. maximum sensu Schiller's figure 41a corresponds to the earlier description of this species; the split of P. mexicanum and P. rhathymum was based on a misidentification because P. mexicanum sensu Cortés‐Altamirano & Sierra‐Beltrán corresponds to P. texanum var. cuspidatum; and P. rhathymum is a junior synonym of P. mexicanum. Several Floridian and Cuban strains correspond to a new species, which we describe as Prorocentrum steidingerae sp. nov.
Effects of Different Types of Exercise on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and IGF‐1 in the Elderly with Sarcopenic Obesity
Authors: Chen Hung‐Ting , Chung Yu‐Chun , Chen Yu‐Jen , Ho Sung‐Yen , Wu Huey‐June 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the influence of resistance training (RT), aerobic training (AT), or combination training (CT) interventions on the body composition, muscle strength performance, and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) of patients with sarcopenic obesity.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingCommunity center and research center.ParticipantsSixty men and women aged 65–75 with sarcopenic obesity.InterventionParticipants were randomly assigned toRT,AT,CT, and control (CON) groups. After training twice a week for 8 weeks, the participants in each group ceased training for 4 weeks before being examined for the retention effects of the training interventions.MeasurementsThe body composition, grip strength, maximum back extensor strength, maximum knee extensor muscle strength, and blood IGF‐1 concentration were measured.ResultsThe skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat mass, appendicularSMM/weight %, and visceral fat area (VFA) of theRT,AT, andCTgroups were significantly superior to those of theCONgroup at both week 8 and week 12. Regarding muscle strength performance, theRTgroup exhibited greater grip strength at weeks 8 and 12 as well as higher knee extensor performance at week 8 than that of the other groups. At week 8, the serum IGF‐1 concentration of theRTgroup was higher than theCONgroup, whereas theCTgroup was superior to theATandCONgroups.ConclusionOlder adults with sarcopenic obesity who engaged in theRT,AT, andCTinterventions demonstrated increased muscle mass and reduced total fat mass andVFAcompared with those without training. The muscle strength performance and serum IGF‐1 level in trained groups, especially in theRTgroup, were superior to the control group.
Multicenter Validation of an MMSE‐MoCA Conversion Table
Authors: Bergeron David , Flynn Kelsey , Verret Louis , Poulin Stéphane , Bouchard Rémi W. , Bocti Christian , Fülöp Tamàs , Lacombe Guy , Gauthier Serge , Nasreddine Ziad , Laforce Robert Jr 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundAccumulating evidence points to the superiority of the MoCA over the MMSE as a cognitive screening tool. To facilitate the transition from the MMSE to the MoCA in clinical and research settings, authors have developed MMSE‐MoCA conversion tables. However, it is unknown whether a conversion table generated from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients would apply to patients with other dementia subtypes like vascular dementia or frontotemporal dementia. Furthermore, the reliability and accuracy of MMSE‐MoCA conversion tables has not been properly evaluated.MethodWe retrospectively examined the MMSE‐MoCA relationship in a large multicenter sample gathered from 3 Memory Clinics in Quebec, Canada (1492 patients). We produced an MMSE‐MoCA conversion table using the equi‐percentile method with log‐linear smoothing. We then cross‐validated our conversion table with the ADNI dataset (1202 patients) and evaluated its accuracy for future predictions.ResultsThe MMSE‐MoCA conversion table is consistent with previously published tables and has an intra‐class correlation of 0.633 with the ADNI sample. However, we found that the MMSE‐MoCA relationship is significantly modified by diagnosis (P < .01), with dementia subtypes associated with a dysexecutive syndrome showing a trend towards higher MMSE than other dementia syndromes for a given MoCA score. The large width of 95% confidence interval (CI) for a new prediction suggests questionable reliability for clinical use.ConclusionIn this study, we validated a conversion table between MMSE and MoCA using a large multicenter sample. Our results suggest caution in interpreting the tables in heterogeneous clinical populations, as the MMSE‐MoCA relationship may be different across dementia subtypes.
Sucrose transporter2 contributes to maize growth, development, and crop yield
Authors: Leach Kristen A. , Tran Thu M. , Slewinski Thomas L. , Meeley Robert B. , Braun David M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDuring daylight, plants produce excess photosynthates, including sucrose, which is temporarily stored in the vacuole. At night, plants remobilize sucrose to sustain metabolism and growth. Based on homology to other sucrose transporter (SUT) proteins, we hypothesized the maize (Zea mays) SUCROSE TRANSPORTER2 (ZmSUT2) protein functions as a sucrose/H+ symporter on the vacuolar membrane to export transiently stored sucrose. To understand the biological role of ZmSut2, we examined its spatial and temporal gene expression, determined the protein subcellular localization, and characterized loss‐of‐function mutations. ZmSut2 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed and exhibited diurnal cycling in transcript abundance. Expressing a translational fusion of ZmSUT2 fused to a red fluorescent protein in maize mesophyll cell protoplasts revealed that the protein localized to the tonoplast. Under field conditions, zmsut2 mutant plants grew slower, possessed smaller tassels and ears, and produced fewer kernels when compared to wild‐type siblings. zmsut2 mutants also accumulated two‐fold more sucrose, glucose, and fructose as well as starch in source leaves compared to wild type. These findings suggest (i) ZmSUT2 functions to remobilize sucrose out of the vacuole for subsequent use in growing tissues; and (ii) its function provides an important contribution to maize development and agronomic yield.
Modern multiple myeloma therapy: deep, sustained treatment response and good clinical outcomes
Authors: Landgren O. , Iskander K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn the USA at the beginning of this century, the average overall survival in patients with multiple myeloma was about 3 years. Around that time, three drugs (bortezomib, lenalidomide and thalidomide) were introduced for the treatment of multiple myeloma and, in 2012, carfilzomib received accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Driven by access to better drugs, median overall survival in younger patients (aged <50 years) was >10 years by 2014. The FDA approved 14 new drugs for the treatment of cancer in 2015; four of these were approved for the treatment of myeloma (panobinostat, daratumumab, elotuzumab and ixazomib). In 2015 and 2016, expanded label indications were approved by the FDA for lenalidomide and carfilzomib, respectively. The recent increase in approved, highly effective combination therapies for patients with multiple myeloma has led the way to redefining the goals of therapy. Here, we review and provide a clinical perspective on the treatment goals and management of multiple myeloma in the era of modern therapy. Recent meta‐analyses show that minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity is associated with longer progression‐free and overall survival in patients with multiple myeloma. With the use of modern combination therapy, large proportions (>60–70%) of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients achieve complete responses and MRD negativity. Modern combination therapies induce rapid, deep and sustainable responses (including MRD negativity), supporting a treatment paradigm shift away from palliative two‐drug combinations towards the use of modern, potent, three‐ or four‐drug combination regimens in early lines of therapy. Data support the use of modern therapy upfront rather than reserving it for later stages of the disease. As survival time increases with modern combination therapies, development of early reliable surrogate end‐points for survival, such as MRD negativity, are needed for expedited read‐out of future randomized clinical trials.
Overt and Relational Aggression Participant Role Behavior: Measurement and Relations With Sociometric Status and Depression
Authors: Casper Deborah M. , Card Noel A. , Bauman Sheri , Toomey Russell B. 
Published: February 2017

This study is the first to measure participant role behavior across overt and relational forms of aggression. The Overt and Relational Aggression Participant Role Behavior Scales were designed to measure aggression, assisting, reinforcing, defending, victimization, and outsider behavior during acts of peer aggression in an ethnically diverse sample of 609 adolescents (M age = 12 years). The data fit the hypothesized 12‐factor model, and measurement invariance was established across gender. Relational victimization, but not overt victimization, was positively associated with all other relational aggression roles. Each participant role subscale was positively associated with depressive symptoms with the exception of the overt and relational outsider subscales. Future research and intervention efforts should consider overt and relational aggression participant roles, separately.
Obesity and kidney disease: Hidden consequences of the epidemic
Authors: Kovesdy Csaba P. , Furth Susan L. , Zoccali Carmine ,   on behalf of the World Kidney Day Steering Committee
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYObesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence has been projected to grow by 40% in the next decade. This increasing prevalence has implications for the risks of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and also for Chronic Kidney Disease. A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new‐onset Chronic Kidney Disease. In individuals affected by obesity, a series of complex pathophysiologic changes occur that lead to the development of Chronic Kidney Disease. These include on the one hand effects mediated by the downstream consequences of obesity (such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension), but also direct effects of adipose tissue, via humoral factors such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin and visfatin). In obese individuals a compensatory hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight, leading to glomerulomegaly and accompanied by deposition of adipose tissue in the glomerulus and the gradual development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The incidence of obesity‐related glomerulopathy has increased ten‐fold in recent years. In addition to the development of Chronic Kidney Disease, obesity has also been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis, and for a number of malignancies including kidney cancer. Interventions to stem the tide of obesity are thus extremely important for preventing the development and progression of Chronic Kidney Disease and other disorders of the kidneys. This year the World Kidney Day promotes education on the harmful consequences of obesity and its association with kidney disease, advocating healthy lifestyle and health policy measures that makes preventive behaviors an affordable option.
Functional assessment of the kidneys in a 10 month‐old child with renal artery stenosis by intravoxel incoherent motion
Authors: Herrmann Jochen , Ittrich Harald , Kaul Michael Gerhard , Groth Michael , Tozakidou Magdalini , Blohm Martin , Oh Jun , Adam Gerhard 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRenovascular stenosis is an important cause for arterial hypertension in childhood. We report a 10‐month‐old girl with arterial hypertension caused by right‐sided renal artery stenosis detected by Doppler ultrasound. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed before renal artery angioplasty to depict vascular anatomy in detail and to retrieve additional functional information of the kidneys by analysis of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM). The value of quantitative diffusion weighted imaging of the kidneys prior to percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) is discussed.
Quality of life, coping strategies, social support and self‐efficacy in women after acute myocardial infarction: a mixed methods approach
Authors: Fuochi G. , Foà C. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundQuality of life, coping strategies, social support and self‐efficacy are important psychosocial variables strongly affecting the experience of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in women.AimsTo gain a more in‐depth understanding of how coping strategies, self‐efficacy, quality of life and social support shape women's adjustment to AMI.DesignMixed methods study. Quantitative data were collected through a standardised questionnaire on coping strategies, self‐efficacy, quality of life and social support. Qualitative data stemmed from 57 semistructured interviews conducted with post‐AMI female patients on related topics.MethodsQuantitative data were analysed with unpaired two‐sample t‐tests on the means, comparing women who experienced AMI (N = 77) with a control group of women who did not have AMI (N = 173), and pairwise correlations on the AMI sample. Qualitative data were grouped into coding families and analysed through thematic content analysis. Qualitative and quantitative results were then integrated, for different age groups.ResultsQuantitative results indicated statistically significant differences between women who experienced AMI and the control group: the former showed lower self‐perceived health, perceived social support and social support coping, but greater self‐efficacy, use of acceptance, avoidance and religious coping. Pairwise correlations showed that avoidance coping strategy was negatively correlated with quality of life, while the opposite was true for problem‐oriented coping, perceived social support and self‐efficacy. Qualitative results extended and confirmed quantitative results, except for coping strategies: avoidance coping seemed more present than reported in the standardised measures.ConclusionMixed methods provide understanding of the importance of social support, self‐efficacy and less avoidant coping strategies to women's adjustment to AMI.Relevance to clinical practiceWomen need support from health professionals with knowledge of these topics, to facilitate their adaptation to AMI.
Integrating Community‐Based Family Planning Services with Local Marine Conservation Initiatives in Southwest Madagascar: Changes in Contraceptive Use and Fertility
Authors: Robson Laura , Holston Martine , Savitzky Caroline , Mohan Vik 
Published: February 2017

This study assessed changes in contraceptive use and fertility between 2009 and 2013 in the Velondriake locally managed marine area of southwest Madagascar where marine conservation organization Blue Ventures began implementing an integrated health‐environment program in 2007. The proportion of sexually active women aged 15 to 49 years using hormonal contraception and/or condoms during last intercourse increased more than twofold from 25 percent in 2009 to 59 percent in 2013. The number of births in the last 12 months per 1,000 women of reproductive age declined by 28 percent over the same period from 196 in 2009 to 141 in 2013. This program increased access to family planning for previously under‐served communities, leading to uptake of modern contraceptives with an associated decline in fertility. These results suggest that this program has enabled couples to avoid unintended pregnancies, thereby bolstering local marine conservation initiatives.
I love you from the bottom of my hypothalamus: The role of stress physiology in romantic pair bond formation and maintenance
Authors: Mercado Evelyn , Hibel Leah C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMonogamous pair bonds helped solve ancestral problems pertinent to our survival as a species. In order for these pair bonds to succeed, biological systems were co‐opted to support and reinforce attachment bonds through feelings of pleasure and reward. One of the major biological systems that may play an important role in the formation of romantic attachments is the stress response system (autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis). Research suggests attraction, mate preference, and emotional connectedness may be supported by the activation or inhibition of the stress response system. Further, as romantic relationships progress, new findings suggest partners' physiological patterns coalesce, potentially serving a regulatory function that reinforces the pair bond and affects overall well‐being. Based on this evidence, the current paper puts forth the Physiology of Romantic Pair Bond Initiation and Maintenance Model, which will provide researchers with a new perspective on the function of the stress response system in romantic relationships.
RNA processing and protein expression of HLA‐B*07:44N
Authors: Balas A. , García‐Sánchez F. , Vicario J. L. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe assignment of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) null alleles is clinically relevant in the setting of stem cell transplantation. Cell surface expression profiling and mRNA processing analysis of the HLA‐B allele previously designated as B*07:44, have been performed.Materials and MethodsCell surface expression of HLA‐B*07:44 was determined using flow cytometry. Genomic full‐length and HLA‐B*07‐specific cDNA sequencing were carried out by Sanger procedure.ResultsFlow cytometric analysis confirmed previous serologic results and demonstrated a lack of cell membrane expression of the HLA‐B protein. The mRNA processing, studied using direct
HLA‐B*07‐specific cDNA sequencing, revealed the presence of a unique, aberrantly spliced mRNA, with a deletion of the last 43 bp on the 5’‐end of exon 4. The substitution from T to G at genomic position 1799 compared to B*07:02:01 introduced a new and stronger splice donor site at exon 4. This alternative splicing produced an mRNA containing a premature stop codon at position 280, explaining the absence of mature HLA‐B7 protein on the cell surface.ConclusionThese findings led us to consider this HLA‐B variant as a HLA null allele. The World Health Organization (WHO) Nomenclature Committee has since renamed this variant B*07:44N
.