bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sozialmedizinische Folgen bei Uveitis im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie
Authors: Böttner K. , Mussinghoff P. , Meyer zur Hörste M. , Heinz C. , Heiligenhaus A. 
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Chronische Erkrankungen – wie z. B. eine Uveitis – haben sozioökonomische Folgen und weitere Minderungen der Lebensqualität zur Folge.
Fragestellung In dieser Studie sollte der Einfluss einer Uveitis auf die Lebensqualität und berufliche Entwicklung ermittelt werden.
Material und Methodik Prospektive Evaluation von Uveitispatienten im Kindes- und Jugendalter (Alter < 18 Lebensjahren, Uveitisklassifikation nach den Kriterien der Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature [SUN]) mit ≥ 12 Monaten Erkrankungsdauer in einem tertiären Uveitiszentrum. Der Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität, Freizeitaktivitäten, schulische Entwicklung und Schwerbehinderungen wurden analysiert. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit klinischen Daten korreliert. Die Daten wurden mittels deskriptiver Statistik analysiert.
Ergebnisse 39 von 49 Patienten (80 %) hatten ein anteriore Uveitis (69,4 % beidseitig), 34 (69 %) eine assoziierte Systemerkrankung (juvenile idiopathische Arthritis n = 28), und 39 (80 %) hatten uveitisbedingte Komplikationen. 15 Patienten (31 %) waren wegen der Komplikationen bereits am Auge operiert worden. Viele Patienten wurden mit konventionellen (n = 37; 76 %) und biologischen (n = 18; 37 %) Disease-modifying antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) behandelt. Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität bestanden bei 41 % und der Freizeitgestaltung bei 23 %. Bei 32 Patienten (65 %) waren wegen der Uveitis wiederholt Fehltage in den letzten 12 Monaten in Kindergarten oder Schule aufgetreten (MW 12,5 Tage/Jahr; 15 % > 20 Tage). Die Uveitis beeinträchtigte die schulische Entwicklung (bei 29 %), führte zu Wiederholungen der Schulklasse (n = 3) oder auch zum Wechsel der Schulform (n = 3). Bei 30 % der Patienten bestand wegen der Uveitis bereits eine Schwerbehinderung.
Schlussfolgerung Uveitis im Kindes- und Jugendalter hat erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die soziale und berufliche Perspektive. Die Folgen einer Uveitis können bereits im frühen Lebensalter zu einer Schwerbehinderung führen.
Postoperative Lagerung nach intraokularen Operationen
Authors: Prahs P. , Märker D. , Helbig H. 
Published: January 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz einer gasförmigen Tamponade gehört heute zu den Routineverfahren der intraokularen Chirurgie. Die hohe Oberflächenspannung an der intraokularen Grenzfläche wird sowohl in der Ablatio- und Makulachirurgie als auch im Rahmen von lamellären Hornhauttransplantationen eingesetzt. Die postoperative Lagerung bestimmt dabei deren intraokulare Position. Der folgende Artikel beschreibt die Entwicklung, physikalische Grundlagen und Messmethoden zur postoperativen Lagerung nach intraokularen Operationen.
Modeling gene-wise dependencies improves the identification of drug response biomarkers in cancer studies
Authors: Nikolova Olga , Moser Russell , Kemp Christopher , Gönen Mehmet , Margolin Adam A 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMotivationIn recent years, vast advances in biomedical technologies and comprehensive sequencing have revealed the genomic landscape of common forms of human cancer in unprecedented detail. The broad heterogeneity of the disease calls for rapid development of personalized therapies. Translating the readily available genomic data into useful knowledge that can be applied in the clinic remains a challenge. Computational methods are needed to aid these efforts by robustly analyzing genome-scale data from distinct experimental platforms for prioritization of targets and treatments.ResultsWe propose a novel, biologically motivated, Bayesian multitask approach, which explicitly models gene-centric dependencies across multiple and distinct genomic platforms. We introduce a gene-wise prior and present a fully Bayesian formulation of a group factor analysis model. In supervised prediction applications, our multitask approach leverages similarities in response profiles of groups of drugs that are more likely to be related to true biological signal, which leads to more robust performance and improved generalization ability. We evaluate the performance of our method on molecularly characterized collections of cell lines profiled against two compound panels, namely the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal. We demonstrate that accounting for the gene-centric dependencies enables leveraging information from multi-omic input data and improves prediction and feature selection performance. We further demonstrate the applicability of our method in an unsupervised dimensionality reduction application by inferring genes essential to tumorigenesis in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma patient cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas.Availability and ImplementationThe code for this work is available at https://github.com/olganikolova/gbgfaSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Dexmedetomidine Disrupts the Local and Global Efficiencies of Large-scale Brain Networks
Authors: Hashmi Javeria A. , Loggia Marco L. , Khan Sheraz , Gao Lei , Kim Jieun , Napadow Vitaly , Brown Emery N. , Akeju Oluwaseun 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background
A clear understanding of the neural basis of consciousness is fundamental to research in clinical and basic neuroscience disciplines and anesthesia. Recently, decreased efficiency of information integration was suggested as a core network feature of propofol-induced unconsciousness. However, it is unclear whether this finding can be generalized to dexmedetomidine, which has a different molecular target.

Methods
Dexmedetomidine was administered as a 1-μg/kg bolus over 10 min, followed by a 0.7-μg · kg−1 · h−1 infusion to healthy human volunteers (age range, 18 to 36 yr; n = 15). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired during baseline, dexmedetomidine-induced altered arousal, and recovery states. Zero-lag correlations between resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signals extracted from 131 brain parcellations were used to construct weighted brain networks. Network efficiency, degree distribution, and node strength were computed using graph analysis. Parcellated brain regions were also mapped to known resting-state networks to study functional connectivity changes.

Results
Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the local and global efficiencies of graph theory–derived networks. Dexmedetomidine also reduced the average brain connectivity strength without impairing the degree distribution. Functional connectivity within and between all resting-state networks was modulated by dexmedetomidine.

Conclusions
Dexmedetomidine is associated with a significant drop in the capacity for efficient information transmission at both the local and global levels. These changes result from reductions in the strength of connectivity and also manifest as reduced within and between resting-state network connectivity. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that conscious processing relies on an efficient system of information transfer in the brain.
Expanded Newborn Screening
Authors: Joseph Rachel A. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Newborn screening programs provide testing for all newborns born in this country for conditions that can potentially cause death or disability. Currently each state is responsible for its programs and the number of disorders screened varies from state to state. The current universal recommended metabolic screening panel may include 32 to 58 disorders. Expansion of the programs has impacted the role of nurses in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Nurses are responsible for facilitating the screening process, educating the family, and assisting with follow-up. In addition, they are the first-line defense for emotional, spiritual, and social support.

Purpose:
To review of the expansion of this program over time and discuss challenges the NICU nurse encounters.

Methods/Search Strategy:
Research literatures along with the national recommendation by governmental and professional agencies were reviewed to obtain evidence on current practice recommendations.

Findings/Results/implications for Practice and Research:
NICU nurses face several challenges with the expansion of newborn screening programs. This includes gaining knowledge to answer questions posed by empowered parents and educate them appropriately; ensuring quality of the process that minimizes errors and optimal communication; and, addressing ethical concerns about the storage and subsequent use of specimens. New and ongoing research can measure and ensure provision of quality services provided through the NICUs globally.
INTEGRITY OF OUTER RETINAL LAYERS AFTER RESOLUTION OF CENTRAL INVOLVED DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Muftuoglu Ilkay Kilic , Mendoza Nadia , Gaber Raouf , Alam Mostafa , You Qisheng , Freeman William R. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the integrity of outer retina layers after resolution of central involved diabetic macular edema (DME) and to demonstrate the effect of various baseline factors for the final vision and final external limiting membrane (ELM) integrity.

Methods:
Fifty-nine eyes of 48 patients with resolved DME were included. Several optical coherence tomography parameters including central subfield thickness, maximum foveal thickness, foveal center point thickness, and the extent of the ellipsoidal (ISe) layer and ELM damage were assessed at the time of DME and after resolution of DME. Eyes having laser scars near the fovea were excluded. Final visual acuity was classified as good (Snellen≥20/40, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution ≤0.3) or impaired (Snellen <20/40, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution >0.3) for the logistic regression analysis. Zero Inflated Poison Regression model was used to find the best predictors for post-treatment ELM damage.

Results:
External limiting membrane and inner segment ellipsoidal band layers were disrupted in 16 eyes (27.2%) and 21 eyes (35.5%) at the final visit, respectively. Baseline ELM damage (p=0.001), baseline impaired vision (p= 0.013), and the most recent glycosylated hemoglobin level (p=0.018) were the best set of parameters for having impaired final visual acuity. Baseline vision, severity of diabetic retinopathy, absence of intravitreal injection, central subfield thickness, and history of extrafoveal macular laser (not within 1 mm of fovea) (p<0.001, for all parameters) were independent predictors for the final ELM damage.

Conclusion:
Outer retinal layers may be damaged even after complete resolution of DME, where inner segment ellipsoidal band layer damage appeared to be more common than ELM damage. Poorly controlled diabetic patients with damaged ELM and worse vision at the time of DME were more likely to have ELM damage and subsequent impaired vision after complete resolution of DME.
NATURAL COURSE OF PATIENTS DISCONTINUING TREATMENT FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VISUAL PROGNOSIS
Authors: Kim Jae Hui , Chang Young Suk , Kim Jong Woo 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the 24-month natural course of visual changes in patients discontinuing treatment despite persistent or recurrent fluid and factors predictive of visual prognosis.

Methods:
This retrospective, observational study included 35 patients (35 eyes) who initially received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but discontinued treatment despite persistent or recurrent fluid. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at treatment discontinuation was determined and compared with the 24-month BCVA, which was then compared between polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and other neovascular age-related macular degeneration subtypes. Baseline characteristics predictive of visual outcome and the degree of visual change were also analyzed.

Results:
The mean number of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections before treatment discontinuation was 4.0 ± 1.6. The mean logarithm of minimal angle of resolution of BCVA at treatment discontinuation and that at 24 months were 1.02 ± 0.20 (Snellen equivalents = 20/209) and 1.60 ± 0.56 (20/796), respectively (P < 0.001). The 24-month BCVA was not different between polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and other neovascular age-related macular degeneration subtypes (P = 0.803). The type of fluid (intraretinal fluid vs. no intraretinal fluid) was predictive of 24-month BCVA (P = 0.004) and the degree of changes in BCVA (P = 0.043).

Conclusion:
Marked deterioration in visual acuity was noted in patients discontinuing treatment, regardless of neovascular age-related macular degeneration subtypes. The presence of intraretinal fluid was associated with worse visual prognosis, suggesting that patients with intraretinal fluid should be strongly warned about their poor prognosis before they decide to discontinue treatment.
New insights into the gut as the driver of critical illness and organ failure
Authors: Meng Mei , Klingensmith Nathan J. , Coopersmith Craig M. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of review
The gut has long been hypothesized to be the ‘motor’ of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. This review serves as an update on new data elucidating the role of the gut as the propagator of organ failure in critical illness.

Recent findings
Under basal conditions, the gut absorbs nutrients and serves as a barrier that prevents approximately 40 trillion intraluminal microbes and their products from causing host injury. However, in critical illness, gut integrity is disrupted with hyperpermeability and increased epithelial apoptosis, allowing contamination of extraluminal sites that are ordinarily sterile. These alterations in gut integrity are further exacerbated in the setting of preexisting comorbidities. The normally commensal microflora is also altered in critical illness, with increases in microbial virulence and decreases in diversity, which leads to further pathologic responses within the host.

Summary
All components of the gut are adversely impacted by critical illness. Gut injury can not only propagate local damage, but can also cause distant injury and organ failure. Understanding how the multifaceted components of the gut interact and how these are perturbed in critical illness may play an important role in turning off the ‘motor’ of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the future.
Neonatal palliative care
Authors: Parravicini Elvira 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of review
A significant number of newborns are affected by life-limiting or life-threatening conditions. When prolongation of survival is no longer a goal, or prognosis is uncertain, a plan of care focused on the infant's comfort is essential. The aim of this article is to review the most recent and relevant literature regarding neonatal palliative care (NPC).

Recent findings
A variety of perinatal and NPC programs are described, but most programs focus exclusively on end-of-life care. Moreover, there is a great need to standardize practices and obtain follow-up quality measures.
Guidelines to address infants’ basic needs, to achieve a state of comfort, are proposed. A multidisciplinary team addressing the infants’ medical and nonmedical needs, parental grieving process, and providers’ distress is recommended.

Summary
NPC is a unique multidisciplinary approach for the care of newborns affected by life-limiting or complex medical conditions with uncertain prognosis. Standardized guidelines should be implemented with the goal of achieving a state of comfort for newborns throughout the course of illness. Further studies are warranted to assess whether NPC effectively promotes newborns’ comfort and parents and providers’ satisfaction.
Variation in the microbiome of the urogenital tract of female koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with and without ‘wet bottom’
Authors: Legione Alistair R. , Amery-Gale Jemima , Lynch Michael , Haynes Leesa , Gilkerson James R. , Sansom Fiona M. , Devlin Joanne M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractKoalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are iconic Australian marsupials currently threatened by several processes. Infectious reproductive tract disease, caused byChlamydia pecorum, and koala retrovirus infection are considered key drivers of population decline. The clinical sign of ‘wet bottom’, a staining of the rump associated with urinary incontinence, is often caused by chlamydial urogenital tract infections. However, wet bottom has been recorded in koalas free ofC. pecorum, suggesting other causative agents in those individuals. Current understanding of the bacterial community of the koala urogenital tract is limited. We used 16S rRNA diversity profiling to investigate the microbiome of the urogenital tract of ten female koalas. This was to produce baseline data on the female koala urogenital tract microbiome, and to undertake preliminary investigations of potential causative agents of wet bottom, other thanC. pecorum. Five urogenital samples were processed from koalas presenting with wet bottom and five were clinically normal. We detected thirteen phyla across the ten samples, withFirmicutesoccurring at the highest relative abundance (77.6%). The orderLactobacillales, within theFirmicutes, comprised 70.3% of the reads from all samples. After normalising reads using DESeq2 and testing for significant differences (P< 0.05), there were 25 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) more commonly found in one group over the other. The familiesAerococcaceaeandTissierellaceaeboth had four significantly differentially abundant OTUs. These fourTissierellaceaeOTUs were all significantly more abundant in koalas with wet bottom.ImportanceThis study provides an essential foundation for future investigations of both the normal microflora of the koala urogenital tract, and better understanding of the causes of koala urogenital tract disease. Koalas in the states of Queensland and New South Wales are currently undergoing decline, and have been classified as vulnerable populations. Urogenital tract disease is a leading cause of hospital admissions in these states, yet previously little was known of the normal flora of this site. Wet bottom is a clinical sign of urogenital tract disease, which is often assumed to be caused byC. pecorumand treated accordingly. Our research highlights that other organisms may be causing wet bottom, and these potential aetiological agents need to be further investigated to fully address the problems this species faces.
The scaffolding protein Cnk Interacts with Alk to Promote Visceral Founder Cell Specification inDrosophila
Authors: Wolfstetter Georg , Pfeifer Kathrin , van Dijk Jesper Ruben , Hugosson Fredrik , Lu Xiangyi , Palmer Ruth Helen 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTInDrosophila, the receptor tyrosine kinase Alk and its ligand Jeb are required to drive founder cell (FC) specification in the visceral mesoderm (VM). Alk-signalling activates downstream MAPK/ERK- and PI3K-pathways in human andDrosophilabut little is known about immediate downstream signalling events. Here we report that the scaffolding protein Cnk interacts directly with Alk via a novel c-terminal binding motif. Cnk is required for Alk-signalling as ectopic expression of the minimal interaction motif as well as loss of maternal and zygoticcnkblocks visceral FC-formation, resembling the phenotype ofjebandAlkmutants. We also show that the Cnk-interactor Aveugle/Hyphen (Ave/HYP) is critical, while the (pseudo-) kinase Ksr is not required for Alk-signalling in the developing VM. Taken together, Cnk and Ave represent the first molecules downstream of Alk whose loss genocopies the lack of visceral FC-specification ofAlkandjebmutants indicating an essential role in Alk-signalling.
Limits of noise for autoregulated gene expression
Authors: Czuppon Peter , Pfaffelhuber Peter 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGene expression is influenced by extrinsic noise (involving a fluctuating environment of cellular processes) and intrinsic noise (referring to fluctuations within a cell under constant environment). We study the standard model of gene expression including an (in-)active gene, mRNA and protein. Gene expression is regulated in the sense that the protein feeds back and either represses (negative feedback) or enhances (positive feedback) its production at the stage of transcription. While it is well-known that negative (positive) feedback reduces (increases) intrinsic noise, we give a precise result on the resulting fluctuations in protein numbers. The technique we use is an extension of the Langevin approximation and is an application of a central limit theorem under stochastic averaging for Markov jump processes (Kang, Kurtz and Popovic, 2014). We find that (under our scaling and in equilibrium), negative feedback leads to a reduction in the Fano factor of at most 2, while the noise under positive feedback is potentially unbounded. The fit with simulations is very good and improves on known approximations.
Take-off characteristics and longitudinal controllability of FanWing
Authors: Meng Lin , Ye Yongqiang 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to study the short take-off characteristics and longitudinal controllability of FanWing. As a new structural plane, it has achieved great success at the air shows, but the existing literature is mostly on feasibility and prototype study while little on short take-off performance analysis and controllability. Thus, the paper will do some research on those two aspects.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper focuses on a certain type of a 3.5 kg FanWing and builds the longitudinal model based on its structure characteristics and operation principle. Its take-off process is simulated and the longitudinal control law is designed.

Findings
The short take-off performance and the large load characteristic are verified. To attain a better short take-off performance, several factors that influence the take-off distance are researched, and the optimal no-load take-off distance 5 m is obtained when the elevator deflection angle is −30°, the center of gravity is 0.42 m and the cross-flow fan rotation speed is 2500 r/min. The longitudinal controllability is verified through simulation. And without variable cross-flow fan rotation speed control, the longitudinal control of FanWing is the same to that of the conventional aircraft.

Practical implications
The presented efforts provide markers for designing the fan wing aircraft that would have better performances. And the control of FanWing is similar to that of a conventional airplane.

Originality/value
It is proved that FanWing can offer a better take-off performance through reasonable configuration. The paper also offers a useful reference on the control of FanWing.