bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramyocellular lipids and their dynamics assessed by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Popadic Gacesa J. , Schick F. , Machann J. , Grujic N. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis report provides an overview on the present knowledge on intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and their dynamics in the course of interventions with physical activity of variable type and intensity in different population groups, as accessible by examinations using non‐invasive volume‐selective 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). IMCL serve as energy source in skeletal muscle for fat oxidation in the mitochondria and became intensively studied after discovery of their relation with insulin sensitivity. While baseline levels of IMCL concentration have been shown to be mainly dependent on the metabolic status (insulin sensitivity), on the level of training and on fibre composition in the muscles, studies applying different physical activity protocols revealed the dynamic of their depletion and replenishment. From the findings in human studies, it can be concluded that IMCL levels are potentially useful markers for monitoring metabolic adaptation of skeletal muscle to sportive activities and training.
The Impact of Echocardiographic Epicardial Fat Thickness on Outcomes of Cryoballoon‐Based Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Canpolat Uğur , Aytemir Kudret , Yorgun Hikmet , Asil Serkan , Dural Muhammed , Özer Necla 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundEvidence from previous studies indicates increased epicardial fat volume, measured using computerized tomography, is significantly associated with recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation. This association is most frequently linked to pro‐inflammatory cytokine release from epicardial fat tissue. However, there is little data regarding the role of echocardiographically measured epicardial fat thickness (EFT) on catheter ablation outcomes. We aimed to investigate the predictive value of echocardiographically measured EFT on AF recurrence after cryoballoon‐based catheter ablation.MethodsA total of 234 patients (51.3% male; mean age, 54.0 ± 10.9 years; 81.2% paroxysmal AF) with symptomatic AF underwent an initial cryoablation procedure. EFT was measured from the parasternal long‐axis view at end‐systole. A 3‐month postablation blanking period was observed.ResultsAt a median follow‐up of 20 (IQR: 13−24) months, 45 patients (19.2%) had developed AF recurrence. EFT thickness was significantly higher among patients with AF recurrence (7.79 ± 2.0 vs. 5.79 ± 1.38, P < 0.001) and was positively correlated with hs‐CRP levels (r = 0.381, P < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed EFT (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10–1.66, P = 0.004), left atrial diameter, and early AF recurrence were independent predictors of AF recurrence. Using a cutoff level of 6.92, preprocedural EFT predicted AF recurrence during follow‐up with a sensitivity of 71.1% and specificity of 78.3% (AUC: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.71–0.87, P < 0.001).ConclusionEchocardiographically measured EFT independently predicted the AF recurrence after cryoablation and was also positively correlated with hs‐CRP as an indicator for systemic inflammation. Thus, the association of echocardiographically measured EFT with AF recurrence may be linked to systemic inflammation.
Asymmetric Parachute‐Like Tricuspid Valve with Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation in an Adult Patient
Authors: Güvenç Tolga Sinan , Gök Gülay , Erer Hatice Betül , Ekmekçi Ahmet , Eren Mehmet 
Published: February 2016

Mini‐AbstractParachute‐like tricuspid valve is a very uncommon congenital heart disease that may cause tricuspid stenosis or regurgitation. Different from a parachute anomaly, more than one papillary muscle group is present in a parachute‐like defect. We report a case of parachute‐like tricuspid valve diagnosed in adulthood using three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography.
Rapid Swelling of Infarcted Myocardium Soon after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Sign of Critical Reperfusion Hemorrhage
Authors: Nagai Tomoo , Tahara Mai , Arakawa Junko , Katsushika Shuichi 
Published: February 2016

Mini‐AbstractAlthough early reperfusion is the best approach to salvage ischemic myocardium and limit myocardial necrosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction, revascularization can also lead to adverse effects by causing reperfusion injury that results in further myocyte necrosis. Intramyocardial hemorrhage is considered a fulminant form of reperfusion injury and is caused by the extravasation of red blood cells via damaged endothelial walls; this leads to the expansion of the myocardial necrosis. Here, we present a case with intramyocardial hemorrhage demonstrating rapid swelling of infarcted myocardium after successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention and discuss its clinical implication.
Pathologic mandibular fracture after biting crab shells following ramal bone graft
Authors: Kwon Ik Jae , Lee Byung Ho , Eo Mi Young , Kim Soung Min , Lee Jong Ho , Lee Suk Keun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe mandibular ramus is considered an appropriate choice for reconstruction of maxillofacial defects because of sufficient amounts of material and fewer donor site complications. Although bone harvesting from the mandibular ramus has many advantages, in rare cases it can result in pathologic fracture of the mandible. Here, we present a case of 59‐year‐old man who suffered a pathologic mandible fracture related to biting hard foods, such as crab shells, after a sinus bone lifting with ramal bone graft procedure performed 2 weeks prior. He underwent closed reduction by intermaxillary fixation with an arch bar over the course of 4 weeks. Three months later, the patients had a stable occlusion with normal mouth opening and sensation. To prevent this complication, the osteotomy should be performed in such a way that it is not too vertical during ramal bone harvesting. Furthermore, we wish to emphasize the importance of patients being instructed to avoid chewing hard foods for at least 4 weeks after ramal bone harvesting.
Parental anxiety in childhood epilepsy: A systematic review
Authors: Jones Chloe , Reilly Colin 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe aim was to systematically review studies that have focused on symptoms of anxiety reported by parents of children (0–18 years) with epilepsy. PubMed was used to identify relevant studies. Selected studies were reviewed with respect to prevalence of above threshold scores and comparisons with controls on standardized measures of anxiety. Studies are also reported with respect to factors associated with parental anxiety, impact on child outcomes, and comparisons with studies that have included equivalent measures of symptoms of depression. Fifteen studies that met inclusion criteria were identified. None of the studies were population based. The percentage of parents scoring above cutoffs on standardized measures of anxiety was 9–58%. In comparison with parents of healthy controls, parents of children with epilepsy had higher mean scores in two of three studies where this was measured. Possible correlates of parental anxiety in childhood epilepsy that were considered varied widely across studies. Factors such as seizure frequency and use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been associated with parental anxiety in some but not all studies. With respect to child outcome, increased parental anxiety has been associated with lower quality of life and lower scores on adaptive behavior domains. Symptoms of anxiety are common among parents of children with epilepsy. There is a need for more systematic, representative studies to identify the prevalence of clinically significant anxiety and track the course of symptoms. Such studies will help to identify more clearly factors associated with parental anxiety and impact of symptoms on child and parent outcomes. Intervention studies are needed to evaluate approaches that target a reduction in symptoms and the potential impact on parental and child functioning. Furthermore, there is a need to evaluate the impact of antiepileptic therapies and interventions that focus on child neurobehavioral comorbidities on parental anxiety
Profile of retigabine‐induced neuronal apoptosis in the developing rat brain
Authors: Brown Lindsay , Gutherz Samuel , Kulick Catherine , Soper Colin , Kondratyev Alexei , Forcelli Patrick A. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryObjectiveAcute neonatal exposure to some, but not all, anticonvulsant drugs induces a profound increase in neuronal apoptosis in rats. Phenobarbital and phenytoin induce apoptosis at a therapeutically relevant dose range, lamotrigine and carbamazepine do so only at supratherapeutic doses or in polytherapy, and valproate does so even at subtherapeutic doses. Levetiracetam is devoid of pro‐apoptotic effects. Retigabine, a new‐generation drug, acts uniquely by enhancing the M‐type potassium current. Because its safety profile in developing animals is unstudied, we sought to determine if retigabine would induce apoptosis.MethodsPostnatal day (P) 7 rat pups were treated with retigabine (5–30 mg/kg), vehicle (saline), or comparator drugs (phenobarbital, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, or carbamazepine). Cell death was assessed using amino‐cupric‐silver staining. A separate group of animals was treated repeatedly (three times over 24 h) with retigabine (15 mg/kg) or vehicle. To establish a pharmacokinetic profile for retigabine, we measured plasma and brain levels after drug treatment.ResultsConsistent with prior studies from our group and others, we found phenobarbital‐induced cell death throughout thalamus, nucleus accumbens, and several neocortical areas. By contrast, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, and carbamazepine were found to have no appreciable apoptotic effect on the aforementioned structures. Acute (single) exposure to retigabine, even at doses of 30 mg/kg, was also without effect on apoptosis. However, repeated (three times) exposure to retigabine triggered apoptosis in a subset of brain areas. The half‐life of retigabine in plasma was 2.5 h, with appreciable concentrations reached in the brain within 1 h of administration.SignificanceThese data demonstrate that retigabine, like many other anticonvulsant drugs, is capable of triggering neuronal apoptosis in the developing rat brain. Unlike other drugs, repeated dosing of retigabine was necessary to induce this effect. This may be due to its shorter half‐life as compared to other drugs, such as phenobarbital.
Awareness of Racial Diversity in the Spanish‐Speaking World Among L2 Spanish Speakers
Authors: Abreu Laurel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFor more than 30 years, foreign language instructors have considered approaches to teaching their students about Afro‐Latin cultures, yet little research appears to address students' actual awareness of these populations. Using a photo ratings survey, the present study explored the perceptions of postsecondary second language learners and their instructors concerning native Spanish speakers' physical appearance. The mean ratings assigned by the student participants to 24 photos were analyzed in conjunction with the following independent variables: first language, place of origin, race, gender, age, course level, contact with Spanish outside the classroom, having Spanish‐speaking friends or family, and travel to Spanish‐speaking countries. In addition, both students' and instructors' answers to open‐ended questions about native speaker characteristics were analyzed. Results indicated the importance for learners of having contact with Spanish outside the classroom, whether through exposure to media or encounters with Spanish speakers. Implications and suggestions are described for inclusive culture teaching.
Long‐term trends in the catch characteristics of rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss, in a self‐sustained recreational fishery, Tongariro River, New Zealand
Authors: Dedual M. , Rohan M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe catch distribution of adfluvial rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss(Walbaum), amongst anglers is described from 14 868 creel surveys collected from the Tongariro River in central North Island of New Zealand between 1985 and 2013. An index of fish abundance was obtained during the period 1998–2013 from a continuous trapping programme on the Waipa Stream, an important spawning tributary of the Tongariro River. Using these two data sets, inequalities in catch distribution were quantified using the Gini coefficient and Lorenz asymmetry coefficient (LAC). Both Gini coefficient andLACshowed a slight decline over time. This occurred concurrently with reduced angling participation and a decline in fish abundance. Inequality was larger when fish were more abundant, but catch‐per‐unit‐effort was only marginally affected despite large variations in fish abundance, suggesting that some hyperstability is occurring. Several important management implications of these results are presented.
Relationships between angling effort and fish abundance in recreational marine fisheries
Authors: Camp E. V. , Ahrens R. N. M. , Allen M. S. , Lorenzen K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRelationships between angling effort and fish abundance have critical implications for the resilience and management of recreational fisheries, but these relationships have rarely been assessed empirically. Here, angling effort was related to fish abundance in three marine recreational fisheries in Florida, USA, through a suite of regression and time series methods that accounted for socio‐economic and demographic variables. Overall, recreational angling effort was correlated with fish abundance, but further analyses provided little evidence of strong, causal relationships. Lack of strong relationships implies angling effort might increase in the future unrelated to fish abundance, a decoupling that could threaten the viability of fish populations in the absence of unpopular recreational effort limitation. The inability to establish more conclusive relationships between effort and fish abundance should motivate a future focus towards natural or manipulative experiments that may provide more powerful inferences.
Collaborative assessment of recreational fishing in a subtropical estuarine system: a case study with fishing guides from south‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Motta F. S. , Mendonça J. T. , Moro P. S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractKnowledge of recreational fisheries in Brazil is scarce and remains a critical issue to determine management actions. By adopting a collaborative approach that involved fishing guides, recreational fishing from the Iguape and Cananéia Lagoon Estuarine System (south‐eastern Brazil) was assessed. During the study period (from April 2009 to March 2010), 341 fishing operations (boat day−1) were monitored. A total of 10 051 fish specimens of 26 families and at least 51 species were examined. The fat snook, Centropomus parallelus Poey, was the most commonly caught species representing 51% of the fish caught. Annual fishing effort was estimated at 272 859 angler‐hours, and the mean catch‐per‐unit‐effort was 3.42 fish boat−1 h−1. Size structure of targeted species suggests that the populations are overexploited. The approach used in the study reinforces the importance of engaging different stakeholders in science and management and improving the communication among them.
Biological and socio‐economic aspects of recreational fisheries and their implications for the management of coastal urban areas of south‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Barrella W. , Ramires M. , Rotundo M. M. , Petrere M. , Clauzet M. , Giordano F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA total of 442 anglers in a coastal region of SE Brazil were interviewed to obtain information about recreational fishing. The anglers were mature individuals (mean age ≈43 years) with a high level of education. However, many did not have a fishing licence. Target fishes belonged to 47 species. Mean catch (Catch per unit effort ‐ CPUE) was 4.2 fish−1 day−1 or 488 g−1 angler−1 day−1. Total estimated catch in the study period was equivalent to 2% of commercial landings, indicating that recreational fishing has little impact on fish stocks. The anglers complained that fishing conditions had worsened because of environmental degradation. Catch‐and‐release was classified as a ‘good’ attitude despite reports of practices that caused suffering to fish. However, when asked about prohibition of catch‐and‐release, which is enforced in some countries, the anglers said they would not accept such a prohibition if proposed by Brazilian fishing authorities. As a general rule, issues related to animal welfare and animal rights are not discussed widely by society or by fishing authorities in Brazil. Suggestions for integrated management of coastal resources and for monitoring recreational fishing are presented.
Host adaptation and unexpected symbiont partners enable reef‐building corals to tolerate extreme temperatures
Authors: Howells Emily J. , Abrego David , Meyer Eli , Kirk Nathan L. , Burt John A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the potential for coral adaptation to warming seas is complicated by interactions between symbiotic partners that define stress responses and the difficulties of tracking selection in natural populations. To overcome these challenges, we characterized the contribution of both animal host and symbiotic algae to thermal tolerance in corals that have already experienced considerable warming on par with end‐of‐century projections for most coral reefs. Thermal responses in Platygyra daedalea corals from the hot Persian Gulf where summer temperatures reach 36°C were compared with conspecifics from the milder Sea of Oman. Persian Gulf corals had higher rates of survival at elevated temperatures (33 and 36°C) in both the nonsymbiotic larval stage (32–49% higher) and the symbiotic adult life stage (51% higher). Additionally, Persian Gulf hosts had fixed greater potential to mitigate oxidative stress (31–49% higher) and their Symbiodinium partners had better retention of photosynthetic performance under elevated temperature (up to 161% higher). Superior thermal tolerance of Persian Gulf vs. Sea of Oman corals was maintained after 6‐month acclimatization to a common ambient environment and was underpinned by genetic divergence in both the coral host and symbiotic algae. In P. daedalea host samples, genomewide SNP variation clustered into two discrete groups corresponding with Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman sites. Symbiodinium within host tissues predominantly belonged to ITS2 rDNA type C3 in the Persian Gulf and type D1a in the Sea of Oman contradicting patterns of Symbiodinium thermal tolerance from other regions. Our findings provide evidence that genetic adaptation of both host and Symbiodinium has enabled corals to cope with extreme temperatures in the Persian Gulf. Thus, the persistence of coral populations under continued warming will likely be determined by evolutionary rates in both, rather than single, symbiotic partners.
Dosing regimens, FVIII levels and estimated haemostatic protection with special focus on rFVIIIFc
Authors: Berntorp E. , Negrier C. , Gozzi P. , Blaas P‐M. , Lethagen S. 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionAim: To use Pharmacokinetic (PK) simulations to illustrate potential differences in clinical outcomes between prophylaxis with conventional recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) and rFVIIIFc, an extended half‐life rFVIII covalently fused to the Fc domain of human IgG1. Methods: Population PK estimates from 180 (rFVIIIFc) and 46 (rFVIII) severe haemophilia A patients were used to simulate FVIII activity over time at various rFVIIIFc dosing regimens compared to rFVIII 30 IU kg−1 three times weekly in a typical adult patient. Results: rFVIII dosed 3x30 IU kg−1 weekly gave trough levels of 2.7, 2.8 and 0.7 IU dL−1, and time spent below 1, 3 and 5 IU dL−1 of 0.2/1.2/2.3 days week−1. rFVIIIFc 2 x 45 IU kg−1 gave higher troughs (4.4 and 1.7 IU dL−1) and shorter time spent below 1, 3 and 5 IU dL−1 (0/0.6/1.3 days week−1), with same total factor consumption. rFVIIIFc 2 x 30 IU kg−1 gave similar troughs (3.0 and 1.2 IU kg−1) and time spent below 1, 3 and 5 IU dL−1 (0/1.0/2.1 days week−1), despite total factor consumption being reduced by one‐third. The same dose and interval of rFVIIIFc (3 x 30 IU kg−1) gave substantially higher troughs (7.8, 8.5 and 3.3 IU dL−1) and markedly shorter time spent below 1, 3 and 5 IU dL−1 (0/0/0.4 days week−1). Conclusion: The lower clearance of rFVIIIFc compared to conventional rFVIII gives rFVIIIFc the potential of improved bleed prevention and reduced injection frequency at similar factor consumption. Although additional clinical data are required to confirm the conclusions, the simulations clearly show the potential of rFVIIIFc of increased flexibility to tailor treatment to the individual patient, and to advance the standard of care in haemophilia.
Efficacy of probiotics in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in adult and children: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gao Xiaolin , Zhu Yu , Wen Yang , Liu Guanjian , Wan Chaomin 
Published: February 2016

AimTo evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of adult and childhood non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsRandomized controlled trials on the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of adult and childhood NAFLD published before July 2015 were searched in multiple databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCO, OVID, SCI, CNKI, and VIP. Article identification and data extraction were carried out by two reviewers based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta‐analysis.ResultsNine randomized controlled trials with a total of 535 cases of NAFLD were included. Statistical differences in homeostasis model assessment, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and tumor necrosis factor‐α were detected between the probiotics and control groups with variations in different patient populations. No significant differences in body mass index (BMI), glucose, or insulin were detected between the two groups. Statistical differences in low density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and BMI were detected between the two childhood groups (P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionProbiotics provided improvements in the outcomes of homeostasis model assessment, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, and tumor necrosis factor‐α in any NAFLD patients and triglyceride in Italian and Spanish patients, but no improvement in the outcomes of BMI, glucose, or insulin in adult NAFLD patients. The currently available data are not sufficient to compare the effects of probiotics between adult and childhood NAFLD patients.