bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Dehnungs‐ und Tragverhalten von Brettschichtholz beim Lasteintrag durch Vollgewindeschrauben
Authors: Trautz Martin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVollgewindeschrauben werden im Ingenieurholzbau heute vermehrt als Verstärkungs‐ und Verbindungselemente eingesetzt. Dabei kommen auch besonders lange Schrauben (l > 300 mm) zum Einsatz, die wie Rippenstähle im Stahlbetonbau als Bewehrung wirken. Infolge der Anisotropie des Holzes ist der Lasteintrag bzw. Lastaustrag der Schrauben stark abhängig vom Winkel, den sie mit der Faserrichtung des Holzes einschließen, und dabei sehr unterschiedlich. Entsprechende Dehnungsverteilungen konnten mit den bisherigen Mitteln, mit Dehnmessstreifen, wenn überhaupt, dann nur lokal nachgewiesen werden. Erst mit dem Einsatz fotogrammetrischer Methoden wie der Digital Image Correlation (DIC) ist es möglich, das Dehnungs‐ und Deformationsverhalten von Brettschichtholz unter Belastung mittels Schrauben zusammenhängend über die Oberfläche eines beanspruchten Tragelements sichtbar zu machen. Diese Veröffentlichung zeigt erste Ergebnisse von Deformationsuntersuchungen auf Basis von DIC. Sie bestätigten einige bisher antizipierte, aber nicht belegbare Tragverhaltensphänomene, wie etwa die Abhängigkeit des Lasteintrags in die Holzmatrix vom Winkel zwischen Schraube und Faserverlauf. Es zeigte sich aber auch, dass die Inhomogenität des natürlich gewachsenen Werkstoffs Holz zu Unregelmäßigkeiten führt, die entsprechende „Unschärfen“ bezüglich der Modellierung des Material‐ und des Verbundverhaltens mit sich bringen. Dennoch wurden allgemeine Bemessungsansätze für Schrauben formuliert, die auf die individuelle lokale Beschaffenheit der Holzmatrix – bestimmbar mittels DIC – abgestimmt werden können.
Numerische Modellbildung für Anschlüsse im Holzbau
Authors: Oppel Mike , Jahreis Markus , Rautenstrauch Karl 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDie Komplexität von Ingenieurbauwerken im Holzbau nimmt ständig zu, sodass die zutreffende Abschätzung des Strukturverhaltens und der materialgerechte Entwurf Herausforderungen darstellen können. Insbesondere für die numerische Analyse der lokal begrenzten Einleitung großer Beanspruchungen im Bereich von Anschlüssen lässt sich die Finite‐Elemente‐Methode (FEM) vorteilhaft nutzen. Zuverlässige Ergebnisse resp. Aussagen zum Strukturverhalten und zu den Versagenskriterien erfordern eine sachgerechte Bewertung der Modellqualität, um im Spannungsfeld zwischen Modellgröße und Rechenaufwand eine bedarfsgerechte Simulation zu erstellen. Am Beispiel des Anschlusses stabförmiger Holzbauteile mittels Gewindestäben, die mit einem großvolumigen Polymerverguss im Holz verankert sind, werden nachfolgend die Mindestanforderungen an eine problemorientiert gestaltete numerische Simulation dargestellt. Ergebnisse, Zusammenhänge und die zu erzielenden Genauigkeiten zwischen Experiment und Numerik werden anschaulich gegenübergestellt.
Hydrogenolysis of Amide Acetals and Iminium Esters
Authors: Kadyrov Renat 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAmide acetals and iminium esters were hydrogenated into amines under very mild reaction conditions over common hydrogenation catalysts. This finding provides a new strategy for the selective reduction of amides. The synthetic utility of this approach was demonstrated by the selective reduction of amides bearing ester and nitrile groups.
Coralline‐Like N‐Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbon Derived from Enteromorpha as a Host Matrix for Lithium‐Sulfur Battery
Authors: Ji Shengnan , Imtiaz Sumair , Sun Dan , Xin Ying , Li Qian , Huang Taizhong , Zhang Zhaoliang , Huang Yunhui 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCoralline‐like N‐doped hierarchically porous carbon (CNHPC) was prepared through a hydrothermal carbonization process using a sea pollutant enteromorpha as the starting material. The addition of a small amount of glucose during carbonization improved the yield of carbon, and the inherent N contents, especially for pyrrolic N and pyridinic N atoms. After loading 40 wt. % sulfur, the CNHPC/S composite, as a cathode in a Li‐S battery, exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 1617 mAh g−1 (96.5 % of theoretical capacity) at 0.1 C and a capacity loss of 0.05 % per charge‐discharge cycle after 500 cycles at 0.5 C with a stable Coulombic efficiency of 100 % in carbonate based electrolyte. Such a great performance can be attributed to the coralline‐like hierarchically porous infrastructure and inherently abundant N doping. Given the conversion of waste pollutants into valuable energy‐storage materials and the easy process, this work features a promising approach to prepare C/S cathodes for Li‐S batteries. The special structural and textural characteristics of CNHPC might be attractive to other practical applications such as supercapacitors and catalysis.
Molecular Engineering of Perylene Imides for High‐Performance Lithium Batteries: Diels–Alder Extension and Chiral Dimerization
Authors: Li Lei , Hong Yu‐Jian , Chen Dong‐Yang , Lin Mei‐Jin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe search for high‐performance electrode materials in organic rechargeable batteries remains a key challenge. Reported herein is a molecular structural modification of perylene imides, a promising class of redox‐active electrode materials, for improved battery performance. The Diels–Alder extension of perylene imides at the lateral position led to the simultaneous incorporation of two electron‐withdrawing carbonyl groups and extension of the π system, which is supposed to favor high specific capacity, operating voltage, and electronic conductivity. After the chiral dimerization of the extended species with 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane, it was anticipated that the porosity and coulombic interactions with lithium ions would be promoted, which would be beneficial for fast reaction kinetics and long cycling life. As expected, in lithium batteries, the obtained chiral and π‐extended tweezer, which features six imide groups and a porous solid‐state network of 42.2 % accessible cell volume, was found to deliver a reversible capacity of 92.1 mA h g−1 at a charge/discharge rate of 1 C within an operating voltage window of 1.60–2.80 V versus Li+/Li, around 75 and 50 % of which was maintained after 100 and 300 galvanostatic cycles, respectively, much better than those of unmodified species.
Aza‐BOIMPYs: A Tetrazole Auxochrome for Highly Red‐Emissive Dipyrromethene‐Based Fluorophores
Authors: Patalag Lukas J. , Jones Peter G. , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA structural derivative of the recently designed BOIMPY motif is introduced; this derivative engages a meso tetrazole moiety and a dipyrromethene scaffold in a twofold BF2‐coordination scheme. A one‐pot synthesis allows the isolation of unusual dipyrro‐perazafulvene precursors and subsequent access to nonfluorescent mono‐BF2 and fluorescent bis‐BF2 species. The novel fluorophore, denoted Aza‐BOIMPY, is highly emissive (ΦF up to 0.82), structurally compact, and provides useful inherent polarity. Absorption and emission events focus at roughly 600 nm with exceptionally small Stokes shifts (209 cm−1) and high attenuation coefficients (up to 120 000 m−1 cm−1). X‐ray crystallographic and computational investigations provide insights into geometrical and electronic properties of the novel dye type.
Designing Sustainable Funding for College Promise Initiatives
Authors: Millett Catherine 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCollege promise programs are spreading throughout this United States. These programs fund tuition and/or fees for eligible students who are actively progressing toward earning postsecondary certificates and undergraduate degrees. While existing college promise programs have varying designs, each one appears to be seeking continuous and long‐term financial sustainability. The existing programs appear to be aimed toward ensuring that the promise of college tuition and fees can be fulfilled for future generations of students. Towards that end, ETS and the College Promise Campaign convened the “Designing Sustainable Funding for College Promise Initiatives” conference on June 2 and 3, 2016, for the primary purpose of reviewing and refining five models. This report contains the five papers that the appointed design teams presented.
Outcome of day treatment for older adults with affective disorders: An observational pre‐post design of two transdiagnostic approaches
Authors: van Dijk S.D.M. , Bouman R. , Lam J.C.A.E. , den Held R. , van Alphen S.P.J. , Oude Voshaar R.C. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveFirst, to evaluate the outcome of 2 transdiagnostic day treatment programs. A 20‐week psychotherapeutic day treatment (PDT) and an activating day treatment (ADT) program delivered in blocks of 4 weeks with a maximum of 24 weeks with respect to depression, anxiety, and hypochondriasis. Second, to explore the impact of cognitive impairment and personality pathology on treatment outcome.MethodsThe course of depression (Inventory of Depressive Symptoms), anxiety (Geriatric Anxiety Inventory), and hypochondriasis (Whitley Index) were evaluated by linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, level of education, and alcohol usage among 49 patients (mean age 65 years, 67% females) receiving PDT and among 61 patients (mean age 67.1, 61% females) receiving ADT. Pre‐post effect‐sizes were expressed as Cohen's d. Subsequently, cognitive impairment (no, suspected, established) and personality pathology (DSM‐IV criteria as well as the Big Five personality traits) were examined as potential moderators of treatment outcome.ResultsAmong patients receiving PDT, large improvements were found for depression (d = 1.1) and anxiety (d = 1.2) but not for hypochondriasis (d = 0.0). Patients receiving ADT showed moderate treatment effects for depression (d = 0.6), anxiety (d = 0.6), as well as hypochondriasis (d = 0.6). Personality pathology moderates treatment outcome of neither PDT nor ADT. Cognitive impairment negatively interfered with the course of depressive symptoms among patients receiving PDT.ConclusionsTransdiagnostic day treatment is promising for older adults with affective disorders with high feasibility.
Age and sex‐related differences in risk factors for elderly suicide: Differentiating between suicide ideation and attempts
Authors: Lee Hyuk , Seol Ki Ho , Kim Jun Won 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to analyze the age and sex‐related differences in socio‐demographic factors that influence suicide ideation and attempts in the elderly.MethodsThe total number of subjects was 93 151, of whom 8441 belonged to the high suicide‐risk group (2064 male; 6377 female). Following this identification, we investigated their socio‐demographic information, health status, and depressive symptoms, which might have influenced their suicide ideation and attempts.ResultsResidence in an urban area was identified as a risk factor for both male and female elderly in their 60s and 70s and female elderly in their 80s. Marital status showed a different influence on suicide ideation depending on age and sex. A negative perception of one's own health status was a significant risk factor that increased the likelihood of suicide ideation in all ages, except the female elderly in their 60s. No factor was identified that significantly influenced suicide attempts in the male elderly. However, in the female elderly, residence in an urban area and a negative perception of one's own health status were identified as significant risk factors.ConclusionsThis study revealed that factors known to influence suicide ideation in the elderly from previous studies, such as residence area, separation from a spouse, education level, religion, and drinking, show changed influence as the elderly reach their 70s and 80s. However, a negative perception of one's own health status was a risk factor that encompassed most ages and sexes.
The impact of calcium decline on population growth rates of crustacean zooplankton in Canadian Shield lakes
Authors: Azan Shakira S. E. , Arnott Shelley E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWithin the last decade, calcium decline has emerged as a stressor for many soft water lakes. A legacy of long‐term acid deposition and logging, calcium decline has been implicated in the loss of large herbivores, such as Daphnia, and changes in community structure as taxa with presumed low calcium demand also increase. Although lake surveys, paleolimnological studies, and laboratory experiments have provided considerable evidence that declining Daphnia abundances are associated with low calcium concentration, causal relationships for zooplankton response to calcium decline have not been assessed using field experiments with natural zooplankton communities. We conducted a six‐week field experiment under low food conditions typical of Canadian Shield lakes, using four calcium concentrations (0.6 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 1.4 mg/L, and 2.4 mg/L) and zooplankton communities originating from eight lakes along a gradient from 1.78 mg Ca/L to 24.8 mg Ca/L, to examine the effect of calcium on growth rates and reproduction of individual and groups of taxa. Population growth rates for daphniids, Bosmina spp., and three cyclopoids declined as calcium concentration decreased. At low calcium, growth rates of Daphnia pulex, Daphnia catawba, and Mesocyclops edax were negative indicating declining populations. There was no effect of calcium on reproduction of the most common cladocerans. Although we detected some variation in growth rates amongst source lakes, zooplankton communities did not differ in their response to low calcium. As calcium concentrations continue to decline in soft water lakes, reduced zooplankton growth rates may result in shifts in zooplankton community structure and overall declines in total zooplankton production.
Syntheses, X‐ray crystal structures, and emission properties of protonated tripyridyltriazines and their ruthenium(II) complexes
Authors: Yoshikawa Naokazu , Yamazaki Shoko , Kimura Hiroko , Kanehisa Nobuko , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Takashima Hiroshi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA series of metal‐free compounds, ie, planar triprotonated triazine, triazineH3Cl(PF6)2 (1), planar triprotonated triazineH3Br(PF6)2 (2), and nonplanar monoprotonated triazineHPF6 (3), were prepared. Abbreviations used are triazine = tri‐2‐pyridyltriazine. Ruthenium complexes [RuCl(bpy)(L)](PF6), [RuCl(bpy)(L)](PF6)2, and [Ru(L)2](PF6)2 were also prepared, where bpy is 2,2′‐bipyridine and L's are triazine (4) and monoprotonated triazine (5), respectively. Ruthenium complexes [Ru(triazine)2](PF6)2 (6) were also prepared and crystallized. The X‐ray crystal structures of the 3 compounds 1, 2, and 3 and the complex 6 were determined. They were also characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, UV‐vis spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations.
A comparison of methods for assessing power output in non‐uniform onshore wind farms
Authors: Staid Andrea , VerHulst Claire , Guikema Seth D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWind resource assessments are used to estimate a wind farm's power production during the planning process. It is important that these estimates are accurate, as they can impact financing agreements, transmission planning, and environmental targets. Here, we analyze the challenges in wind power estimation for onshore farms. Turbine wake effects are a strong determinant of farm power production. With given input wind conditions, wake losses typically cause downstream turbines to produce significantly less power than upstream turbines. These losses have been modeled extensively and are well understood under certain conditions. Most notably, validation of different model types has favored offshore farms. Models that capture the dynamics of offshore wind conditions do not necessarily perform equally as well for onshore wind farms. We analyze the capabilities of several different methods for estimating wind farm power production in 2 onshore farms with non‐uniform layouts. We compare the Jensen model to a number of statistical models, to meteorological downscaling techniques, and to using no model at all. We show that the complexities of some onshore farms result in wind conditions that are not accurately modeled by the Jensen wake decay techniques and that statistical methods have some strong advantages in practice.
Modeling the contributions of chromosome segregation errors and aneuploidy to Saccharomyces hybrid sterility
Authors: Boynton Primrose J. , Janzen Thijs , Greig Duncan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractErrors in meiosis can be important postzygotic barriers between different species. In Saccharomyces hybrids, chromosomal missegregation during meiosis I produces gametes with missing or extra chromosomes. Gametes with missing chromosomes are inviable, but we do not understand how extra chromosomes (disomies) influence hybrid gamete inviability. We designed a model predicting rates of missegregation in interspecific hybrid meioses assuming several different mechanisms of disomy tolerance, and compared predictions from the model with observations of sterility in hybrids between Saccharomyces yeast species. Sterility observations were consistent with the hypothesis that chromosomal missegregation causes hybrid sterility, and the model indicated that missegregation probabilities of 13–50% per chromosome can cause observed values of 90–99% hybrid sterility regardless of how cells tolerate disomies. Missing chromosomes in gametes are responsible for most infertility, but disomies may kill as many as 11% of the gametes produced by hybrids between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complex regional pain syndrome induced by pacemaker implantation for sick sinus syndrome
Authors: Kisanuki Megumi , Fujita Kazumasa , Moriyama Shohei , Irie Kei , Yosida Chiharu , Fukata Mitsuhiro , Arita Takeshi , Yokoyama Taku , Odashiro Keita , Maruyama Toru , Akashi Koichi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA 53‐year‐old woman reported burning pain, muscle weakness, and dysesthesia of the left arm 2 months after permanent pacemaker insertion in the ipsilateral side for the treatment of sick sinus syndrome. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) induced by pacemaker implantation was diagnosed. In 2017, her pulse generator became exhausted and was exchanged carefully to avoid exacerbation of CRPS, under the application of local anesthesia and premedication. Six months later, the patient's grip strength in her left hand remained lower relative to that in her right hand. Although rare, the presence of CRPS following device implantation should be remembered.
A Normative Theory of Disagreement
Authors: BEX-PRIESTLEY GRAHAM , SHEMMER YONATAN 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT:Expressivists have trouble accounting for disagreement. If ethical or other normative judgments are desire-like rather than belief-like, it is puzzling why we think people often disagree in those domains. While previous expressivists have proposed only straightforwardly descriptive conditions under which disagreement occurs, we argue that disagreement itself should be understood normatively: two or more people disagree just in case their diverging attitudes imply, given a common project of theirs, that at least one of them has reason to change his or her mind.
A numerical study of a variable-density low-speed turbulent mixing layer
Authors: Almagro Antonio , García-Villalba Manuel , Flores Oscar 
Published: October 2017

Direct numerical simulations of a temporally developing, low-speed, variable-density, turbulent, plane mixing layer are performed. The Navier–Stokes equations in the low-Mach-number approximation are solved using a novel algorithm based on an extended version of the velocity–vorticity formulation used by Kim et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol 177, 1987, 133–166) for incompressible flows. Four cases with density ratios $s=1,2,4$ and 8 are considered. The simulations are run with a Prandtl number of 0.7, and achieve a $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ up to 150 during the self-similar evolution of the mixing layer. It is found that the growth rate of the mixing layer decreases with increasing density ratio, in agreement with theoretical models of this phenomenon. Comparison with high-speed data shows that the reduction of the growth rates with increasing density ratio has a weak dependence with the Mach number. In addition, the shifting of the mixing layer to the low-density stream has been characterized by analysing one-point statistics within the self-similar interval. This shifting has been quantified, and related to the growth rate of the mixing layer under the assumption that the shape of the mean velocity and density profiles do not change with the density ratio. This leads to a predictive model for the reduction of the growth rate of the momentum thickness, which agrees reasonably well with the available data. Finally, the effect of the density ratio on the turbulent structure has been analysed using flow visualizations and spectra. It is found that with increasing density ratio the longest scales in the high-density side are gradually inhibited. A gradual reduction of the energy in small scales with increasing density ratio is also observed.
Near-surface turbulence and buoyancy induced by heavy rainfall
Authors: Harrison E. L. , Veron F. 
Published: October 2017

We present results from experiments designed to measure near-surface turbulence generated by rainfall. Laboratory experiments were performed using artificial rain falling at near-terminal velocity in a wind–wave channel filled with synthetic seawater. In this first series of experiments, no wind was generated and the receiving seawater was initially at rest. Rainfall rates from 40 to $190~\text{mm}~\text{h}^{-1}$ were investigated. Subsurface turbulent velocities of the order of $O(10^{-2})~\text{m}~\text{s}^{-1}$ are generated near the interface below the depth of the cavities generated by the rain drop impacts. The turbulence appears independent of rainfall rates. At depth larger than the size of the cavities, the turbulent velocity fluctuations decay as $z^{-3/2}$. Turbulent length scales also appear to scale with the size of the impact cavities. In these seawater experiments, a freshwater lens is established at the water surface due to the rain. At the highest rain rate studied, the resulting buoyancy flux appears to lead to a shallower subsurface mixed layer and a slight decrease of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation. Finally, direct measurements and inertial estimates of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation show that approximately 0.1–0.3 % of the kinetic energy flux from the rain is dissipated in the form of turbulence. This is consistent with existing freshwater measurements and suggests that high levels of dissipation occur at depths and scales smaller than those resolved here and/or that other phenomena dissipate a considerable amount of the total kinetic energy flux provided by rainfall.