bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer behavior of odorous pollutants in wastewater sludge system under typical chemical conditioning processes for dewaterability enhancement
Authors: Gao Hongyu , Zhang Weijun , Song Zhenzhen , Yang Xiaofang , Yang Lian , Cao Mengdi , Wang Dongsheng , Liao Guiying 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChemical conditioning has been used for enhancing wastewater sludge dewaterability for many years, but the characteristics of odorous pollutants emission in sludge conditioning were still unclear. In this work, the transfer behavior of different odorous pollutants between air, liquid and solid phases under typical chemical conditioning processes for high-pressure dewatering was systematically investigated. The results indicated that that besides hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3), 21 kinds of volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while the concentrations and composition of odorous pollutants varied greatly for different conditioning processes. VOCs were composed by three main constituents including benzenes, halogeno benzene and hydrocarbons. According to mass balance analysis, about 50% of VOCs adsorbed within sludge extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) fraction. Since EPS was damaged and/or flocculation in different chemical conditioning processes, VOCs distributed in solid phase transformed into liquid phase and then released into air. The discrepancies in mass of odorous pollutants before and after chemical conditioning were likely to be related to chemical conversion under acidification, oxidation and precipitation in the presence of ferric ions.
Substrate integrated waveguide dual‐band filter with wide‐stopband performance
Authors: Zhou Kang , Zhou Chunxia , Wu Wen 
Published: June 2017

The first substrate integrated waveguide dual‐band bandpass filter with wide‐stopband performance is presented. This filter is synthesised and designed with fourth‐order Chebyshev responses and identical fractional bandwidths for the two passbands centred at 12 and 16 GHz. Multiple spurious resonances have been intrinsically suppressed by introducing the harmonics‐staggered technique and the centred coupling windows. Good agreements can be observed between the measured and simulated results, and better than 25‐dB rejection level up to 2.05f1 has been successfully achieved.
AR bandwidth and gain enhancements of patch antenna using single dielectric superstrate
Authors: Ta S.X. , Nguyen T.K. 
Published: June 2017

A single‐feed circularly polarised (CP) patch antenna loaded with a single dielectric superstrate for a wideband high‐gain CP radiation is presented. Along with the gain enhancement, the emphasis is on extra CP radiation of the antenna caused by the superstrate, which broadens the axial‐ratio (AR) bandwidth significantly. A prototype antenna was fabricated and measured at a frequency of 11 GHz. The antenna with overall size of 40 × 40 × 17.45 mm has a voltage standing wave ratio <2 bandwidth of 24.35% (10.1–12.9 GHz), a 3 dB AR bandwidth of 13.6% (10.3–11.8 GHz), a peak gain of 13.17 dBic, a 3 dB gain bandwidth of >26% (10.0–13.0 GHz), and a radiation efficiency of >90%. The presence of superstrate produces a ∼350% increase in 3 dB AR bandwidth and a ∼7 dB increase in the broadside gain relative to the conventional CP patch antenna.
Frequency evaluation of the Nordic power system using PMU measurements
Authors: Persson Mattias , Chen Peiyuan 
Published: June 2017

This study investigates the frequency behaviour in the Nordic power system (NPS) utilising phasor measurement units (PMUs) from different locations in the system. Different metrics are selected or proposed to quantify the system frequency response in case of major disturbances and of daily normal operations. Based on the collected PMU data, there are on average 17.5 major, generator disconnection related, disturbances per year. The maximum absolute rate of change of frequency exceeds 0.1 Hz/s for 20% of these disturbances. The average frequency nadir falls to 49.7 Hz, and the average time to nadir is about 8.7 s. If wind turbines were to be requested to provide inertia support to the system, these four metrics indicate how often, how fast, for how much and for how long the wind turbines should act. Moreover, during daily normal operations, the system has in general longer duration of over‐frequency (f  > 50.1 Hz) than under‐frequency (f  < 49.9 Hz). These frequency deviations are observed to occur around the hourly clearing of the Nord Pool Spot market and, especially during the hours between 05:00 and 08:00. In order to improve the frequency quality, the Nordic system operators tested and implemented an automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR) in addition to the existing manual one. Based on a frequency evaluation, this aFRR is needed most during 4:45–08:15 and 22:00–23:30 o'clock in 2012 in the NPS.
Current Trends towards the Synthesis of Bioactive Heterocycles and Natural Products Using 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions (1,3-DC) with Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Döndas H. , de Gracia Retamosa María , Sansano José 
Published: June 2017

This review summarizes the trends in the formation of complex or not so complex heterocyclic structures through 1,3-dipolar cy­cloadditions of azomethine ylides. Diastereo- and enantioselective processes as well as non-asymmetric cycloadditions constitute very important synthetic tools for achieving these compounds. This review covers the literature from 2015 through 2016 and organizes the research in terms of biologically important heterocycles and natural products from cascade 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of azomethine ylides to the simpler forms of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of Spirooxindoles3	Synthesis of Spiropyrrolidines4	Synthesis of Spiropiperidines and Piperidines5	Synthesis of Pyrrolidines and Fused Pyrrolidines6	Synthesis of Pyrrolizidines and Indolizidines7	Synthesis of Quinolone and Isoquinolines8	Conclusions
Rater Reliability of the Hardy Classification for Pituitary Adenomas in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Era
Authors: Mooney Michael , Hardesty Douglas , Sheehy John , Bird C. , Chapple Kristina , White William , Little Andrew 
Published: June 2017

Objectives The Hardy classification is used to classify pituitary tumors for clinical and research purposes. The scale was developed using lateral skull radiographs and encephalograms, and its reliability has not been evaluated in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) era.
Design Fifty preoperative MRI scans of biopsy-proven pituitary adenomas using the sellar invasion and suprasellar extension components of the Hardy scale were reviewed.
Setting This study was a cohort study set at a single institution.
Participants There were six independent raters.
Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures of this study were interrater reliability, intrarater reliability, and percent agreement.
Results Overall interrater reliability of both Hardy subscales on MRI was strong. However, reliability of the intermediate scores was weak, and percent agreement among raters was poor (12–16%) using the full scales. Dichotomizing the scale into clinically useful groups maintained strong interrater reliability for the sellar invasion scale and increased the percent agreement for both scales.
Conclusion This study raises important questions about the reliability of the original Hardy classification. Editing the measure to a clinically relevant dichotomous scale simplifies the rating process and may be useful for preoperative tumor characterization in the MRI era. Future research studies should use the dichotomized Hardy scale (sellar invasion Grades 0–III versus Grade IV, suprasellar extension Types 0–C versus Type D).
High Tibial Osteotomy for the Correction of Varus Knee Deformity
Authors: Lobenhoffer Philipp , Kfuri Mauricio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractKnee varus deformity is a condition where the mechanical axis of the lower extremity is displaced medially. As a result, the medial compartment of the knee is overloaded and is prone to degenerative changes. The mechanical compromise of the medial compartment of the knee is very disabling, especially if affecting young and active individuals. Valgus-producing high tibial osteotomies (HTOs) were designed to shift the mechanical axis laterally, transferring the load to the knee compartment which is asymptomatic. HTO is a well-accepted concept for the management of medial unicompartmental knee arthritis. Medial joint line pain associated with metaphyseal varus deformity in a young patient is the essential criteria to indicate an HTO. Symptomatic young patients who do not have a bone-on-bone pathology may be benefited from HTO since for those individuals a unicompartmental knee replacement is contraindicated. Surgical technique matters in cases of HTO. Dome, lateral closing wedge, and medial opening wedge techniques have been reported with mixed results. Recent developments in fixation techniques, namely, the development of implants with angular stability, introduced safety, and reproducibility to open wedge HTOs, which became the preferred correction method for varus deformity of the knee. This article aims to cover the indications and contraindications of HTO with a focus on the unique aspects of the biplanar open wedge tibial osteotomy.
Kommunikativ-pragmatisches Screening (KOPS)
Authors: Glindemann Ralf , Ziegler Wolfram 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDas Kommunikativ-pragmatische Screening (KOPS) ist ein neues Diagnostikverfahren zur Untersuchung kommunikativ-pragmatischer Fähigkeiten bei Patienten mit Aphasie. Das Verfahren umfasst 44 Aufgaben in 9 Untertests, mit denen rezeptive und expressive Fähigkeiten im Rahmen kommunikativer Handlungen geprüft werden. Die Antworten der Patienten sind nicht auf die mündliche Modalität beschränkt, vielmehr werden auch gestische, zeichnerische oder schriftliche Reaktionen bewertet. Der Test beinhaltet außerdem ein System abgestufter Hilfestellungen, die bei der Bewertung der Leistungen berücksichtigt werden.Es wird über eine klinische Erprobung des Verfahrens mit 20 aphasischen Patienten berichtet. Dabei werden Angaben zur relativen Schwierigkeit der neun Untertests gemacht und Zusammenhänge mit den Untertests des Aachener Aphasie Tests beschrieben. Die spezifischen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Verfahrens werden anhand von Einzelfällen erläutert.
Intraoperative Ultrasound as a Screening Modality for the Detection of Liver Metastases during Resection of Primary Colorectal Cancer - A Systematic Review
Authors: Ellebæk Signe , Fristrup Claus , Mortensen Michael 
Published: June 2017

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer diseases worldwide. One in 4 patients with CRC will have a disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis and often in the form of synchronous liver metastases. Studies suggest that up to 30% of patients have non-recognized hepatic metastases during primary surgery for CRC. Intraoperative ultrasonography examination (IOUS) of the liver to detect liver metastases was considered the gold standard during open CRC surgery. Today laparoscopic surgery is the standard procedure, but laparoscopic ultrasound examination (LUS) is not performed routinely.Aim To perform a systematic review of the test performance of IOUS and LUS regarding the detection of synchronous liver metastases in patients undergoing surgery for primary CRC.Method The literature was systematically reviewed using the search engines: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Google. 21 studies were included in the review and the key words: intraoperative ultrasound, laparoscopic ultrasound, staging colon and rectum cancer.Results Intraoperative ultrasound showed a higher sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and overall accuracy for the detection liver metastases during surgery for primary CRC, compared to preoperative imaging modalities (ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT)). LUS showed a higher detection rate for liver metastases compared to CT, CE-CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Conclusion This systematic review found that both IOUS and LUS had a higher detection rate regarding liver metastases during primary CRC surgery, especially liver metastases<10 mm in diameter, when compared to US, CT, CE-CT and MRI.
Morbus Alzheimer: Polyätiologie und multifaktorielle Schrittmacher
Authors: Mosetter Kurt 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungAus der Analyse zahlreicher wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten zu kausalen Ursachen der Alzheimer-Erkrankung geht hervor, dass das Risiko
für die Neurodegeneration durch mehrere ätiologische Faktoren mit verschiedenen Belastungen aus Umwelt, Verhalten und Lebensstil
erhöht wird. Dysregulationen des Mikrobioms und der Darm-Gehirn-Achse sowie der Stoffwechselachse um Leber und Gehirn stellen
dabei wichtige Schrittmacher dar. Genauso wie Schwermetalle, Toxine oder ein Mangel an Omega-3-Fettsäuren, B-Vitaminen und
Vitamin D. Faktoren wie Schädel-Hirn-Traumata, Verletzungen der Halswirbelsäule, Postinfektionssyndrome und mitochondriale
Dysfunktionen münden in Energiemangel, Insulinresistenz, oxidativen Stress, Entzündungen und entgleiste Signalkaskaden für
Advanced Glycation Endproduct (AGE) und der zugehörigen Rezeptoren (RAGE).
Opportunities and Challenges in Realizing Universal Access to Obstetric Ultrasound in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Wanyonyi Sikolia , Mariara Charles , Vinayak Sudhir , Stones William 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe potential benefits of obstetric ultrasound have yet to be fully realized in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite the region bearing the greatest burden of poor perinatal outcomes. We reviewed the literature for challenges and opportunities of universal access to obstetric ultrasound and explored what is needed to make such access an integral component of maternity care in order to address the massive burden of perinatal morbidity and mortality in SSA. Original peer-reviewed literature was searched in various electronic databases using a ‘realist’ approach. While the available data were inconclusive, they identify many opportunities for potential future research on the subject within the region that can help build a strong case to justify the provision of universal access to ultrasound as an integral component of comprehensive antenatal care.
Bedeutung von Hitzeaktionspläne für den präventiven Gesundheitsschutz in Deutschland
Authors: Zielo Birgit , Matzarakis Andreas 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Hitzewellen zählen zu den Extremwetterereignissen und stellen eine zunehmende Gesundheitsgefährdung für die Bevölkerung in Europa dar. Nach den derzeit vorliegenden Klimastudien steigt die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Zunahme und eine Intensivierung von Hitzewellen seit Jahren weiter an. Besonders betroffen von ungewohnt hoher Hitzeexposition sind Menschen, deren Organismus durch Alter oder Krankheit bereits geschwächt ist. Da der Anteil der Seniorinnen und Senioren aufgrund des demografischen Wandels in Deutschland weiter steigt, gewinnen die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Hitzewellen zunehmend an Bedeutung.
Ziel Hitzebedingter Morbidität und Mortalität kann durch Aufklärung und zeitig initiierten Präventionsmaßnahmen wirksam entgegengewirkt werden. Die Hitzewelle des Sommers 2003, welcher europaweit etwa 70000 Menschen zum Opfer fielen, führte in weiten Teilen Europas zu einer Etablierung von nationalen Hitzewarnsystemen und/oder Hitzemaßnahmenplänen. In Deutschland wurde im Jahr 2005 bundesweit das Hitzewarnsystem des Deutschen Wetterdienstes eingerichtet. Damit kann über einen 2-stufigen Warnprozess umfassend und rechtzeitig über eine bevorstehende Hitzewelle informiert werden, woraufhin entsprechende Präventionsmaßnahmen eingeleitet werden können. Darüber hinaus empfiehlt sich die Etablierung eines Hitzeaktionsplans, der neben einer Hitzewarnung auch umfassende Interventionsmaßnahmen zum Gesundheitsschutz berücksichtigt.
Material und Methoden Der vorliegende Artikel erläutert Hintergründe, Bedeutung und Aufbau eines Hitzeaktionsplans nach Maßgabe der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO). Grundlage hierfür bilden der im Jahr 2008 erstellte Leitfaden und die ergänzenden Dokumenten der Jahre 2009 und 2011.
Ergebnisse und Diskussion Um einen nachhaltigen Schutz vor hitzebedingten Gesundheitsschäden zu gewährleisten, empfiehlt die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) ihren Mitgliedsstaaten die Einführung eines nationalen Hitzeaktionsplans. Zwischen einem Hitzewarnsystem und einem Hitzeaktionsplan gibt es grundlegende Unterschiede. Während die Warnung vor einer kurz bevorstehenden Hitzeperiode zentrale Aufgabe des Hitzewarnsystems ist, verfolgt der Hitzeaktionsplan einen integrativen Ansatz, der kurz-, mittel- und langfristige Maßnahmen zum Gesundheitsschutz in einem gemeinsamen Rahmen vereint.
Zum 100. Todestag von James Tyler Kent (1849–1916)
Authors: Gypser Von Klaus-Henning 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der vierte Teil von insgesamt vier Beiträgen zumLeben undWerk James Tyler Kents anlässlich seines 100. Todestags widmet sich der Zeit Kents als Homöopath in St. Louis (1880–1888).
Erfolg der Privatisierung von Krankenhäusern – Eine Einschätzung aus der Sicht ehemaliger öffentlicher
Krankenhausträger
Authors: Negele Daniel , Ott Robert , Wellisch Ulrich 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung In den letzten Jahren konnte eine Steigerung der Anzahl privater Krankenhäuser und Betten festgestellt werden. Die
Probleme der Investitionsfinanzierung deutscher Krankenhäuser in Kombination mit verstärkenden Faktoren wie der Einführung der DRGs, aber
auch die Erwartung einer höheren Effizienz nach der Privatisierung einer Klinik können als Hauptgründe bei Privatisierungsentscheidungen
genannt werden. Es soll untersucht werden, wie ehemalige öffentliche Krankenhausträger den Erfolg der Privatisierung einschätzen.
Methodik Alle 99 identifizierten ehemaligen öffentlichen Träger, die ihr Krankenhaus in den Jahren 2003–2013 an einen privaten
Eigentümer verkauft hatten, wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Einschätzung von Zielen sowie Befürchtungen vor und nach der Privatisierung anonym und
schriftlich befragt.
Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Zusammenfassend lässt sich feststellen, dass bei einer ausreichenden Finanzierung der Krankenhäuser
aus Krankenkassenbeiträgen (Betriebsmittel) und Ländermittel (Investitionskosten) der Privatisierungsdruck rapide sinken würde. Wenn jedoch
privatisiert wurde, hatte dies aus Sicht der ehemaligen Träger weder einen negativen Einfluss auf die medizinische Versorgung in der Region,
noch auf die Qualität der medizinischen Behandlung und auf den Umgang mit den Mitarbeitern. Die Einschätzungen der ehemaligen Träger weisen
eine statistisch überprüfte Übereinstimmung auf. Die mit einer Privatisierung verbundenen Erwartungen und Ziele werden prinzipiell als
erfüllt wahrgenommen.
Multiple livelihoods and social relations in the South African Lowveld, 1986–2013
Authors: van der Waal Kees (C. S.) 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Despite improvements in the last two decades, rural communal areas in South Africa remain dumping grounds, requiring multiple livelihood strategies and social adaptations. Local experience of dispossession forms the backdrop to individual and collective responses to changes in the role of land, labour and reproduction. The ethnographic research focused on a rural settlement in the former Gazankulu Bantustan in the period 1986–2013. Shifts in the mix of livelihoods were related to changing gender and generational relationships. Individual livelihood strategies aimed at diversifying sources of income and collective actions were directed at getting rid of criminals and accessing state resources.
The Construction of Labeling and Total Irregularity Strength of Specified Caterpillar Graph
Authors: Indriati Diari , Widodo  , Rosyida Isnaini , Sugeng Kiki A 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Let G be a simple, connected and undirected graph with vertex set V and edge set E. A total k-labeling f : V ∪ E → {1, 2, …, k} is defined as totally irregular total k-labeling if the weights of any two different both vertices and edges are distinct. The weight of vertex x is defined as wt(x) = f(x) + ∑
xy∈E

f(xy), while the weight of edge xy is wt(xy) = f(x) + f(xy) + f(y). A minimum k for which G has totally irregular total k-labeling is mentioned as total irregularity strength of G and denoted by ts(G). This paper contains investigation of totally irregular total k-labeling for caterpillar graphs S

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Fast bootstrapping-based estimation of confidence intervals of expression levels and differential expression from RNA-Seq data
Authors: Mandric Igor , Temate-Tiagueu Yvette , Shcheglova Tatiana , Al Seesi Sahar , Zelikovsky Alex , Măndoiu Ion I 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Summary
This note presents IsoEM2 and IsoDE2, new versions with enhanced features and faster runtime of the IsoEM and IsoDE packages for expression level estimation and differential expression. IsoEM2 estimates fragments per kilobase million (FPKM) and transcript per million (TPM) levels for genes and isoforms with confidence intervals through bootstrapping, while IsoDE2 performs differential expression analysis using the bootstrap samples generated by IsoEM2. Both tools are available with a command line interface as well as a graphical user interface (GUI) through wrappers for the Galaxy platform.

Availability and implementation
The source code of this software suite is available at https://github.com/mandricigor/isoem2. The Galaxy wrappers are available at https://toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/view/saharlcc/isoem2_isode2/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Quasi-periodic pulsations with multiple periods in hard X-ray emission
Authors: Li D. , Zhang Q. M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We explore quasi-periodic pulsations with multiple periods in hard X-ray (HXR) emission from the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor during the impulsive phase of a solar flare (SOL2014–09–10). The completely new observational result is that the shorter periods appear at lower energies of the X-ray photons at the beginning and the longer periods appear at higher energies at the end, with some intersection of the periods at medium energies. We also find shorter and then longer periods during the same phase of this flare. Using the wavelet power spectrum and fast Fourier transform spectrum, we analyse the normalized rapidly varying signal divided by its slowly varying signal, which is the smoothed original HXR flux. The periods of 27 and 37 s are derived at lower-energy channels between 17:25 and 17:29 ut (i.e. 12.0–27.3 and 27.3–50.9 keV). Then, the periods of 27, 46 and 60 s are observed at the medium-energy channel from 17:26 to 17:33 ut, such as 50.9–102.3 keV. Also, the period of 80 s is detected at the higher-energy channel from 17:28 to 17:33 ut, such as 102.3–296.4 keV.