bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of deglutitive striated esophagus motor function and pharyngeal phase swallowing biomechanical events
Authors: Shaker Reza , Kern Mark , Edeani Francis , Mei Ling , Yu Elliot , Sanvanson Patrick 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe functional relationship of striated esophagus (St.Eso) motor function with pharyngeal deglutitive biomechanical events has not been systematically studied. The aim of this study was to determine the spatio‐temporal characteristics of St.Eso function and its correlation with pharyngeal biomechanics and bolus transport.MethodsWe studied 50 healthy volunteer subjects (age range: 21–82 years, 31 female) by digital videofluoroscopy. All subjects were studied in a seated, upright position. Thirteen of these 50 volunteers also underwent high‐resolution manometry (HRM) concurrent with fluoroscopy. We used laryngeal excursion as a surrogate for St.Eso excursion.Key ResultsMedian duration of St.Eso excursion was 2.35 [1.93,2.85, 5th and 95th percentile] seconds. Mean maximum extent of St.Eso excursion was 2.84 ± 0.72 cm. We identified four distinct periods in deglutitive St.Eso motor function: P1. Anterosuperior ascent without bolus or peristaltic activity, P2. Non‐peristaltic bolus receiving at the apogee of St.Eso excursion concurrent with UES opening and pharyngeal peristalsis P3. Peristaltic bolus transport as St.Eso descends and P4. Continued peristalsis in resting position.Conclusions and Inferences1. St.Eso motor function spans both pharyngeal and esophageal phases of swallowing for receiving and transporting the bolus, 2. Pressure signatures in HRM recordings currently attributed to St.Eso deglutitive motor activity does not represent the entirety of St.Eso peristalsis, only the part that occurs in its resting position. St.Eso peristalsis that occurs during its descent is recorded by pressure sensors initially in the pharynx. This finding needs to be considered when interpreting HRM recordings of the pharynx and proximal esophagus.
The impact of behavioral weight management interventions on eating behavior traits in children with overweight or obesity: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Colombo Patricia Eustachio , Wickramarachchi Milindu , Lakshmi Aiswarya , Kudlek Laura , Ahern Amy , Tait Struan , Reid Natasha , Jones Rebecca A. , Smith Andrea D. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryIntroductionBehavioral weight management interventions (BWMIs) are an evidence‐based strategy for addressing childhood obesity. Targeting eating behavior traits (EBTs; individual tendencies determining food intake/occasions) could play a pivotal role in improving the effectiveness of these behavioral interventions. The present study describes a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the impact of BWMIs on eating behavior traits in children with overweight or obesity.MethodsSeven databases were searched, and eligible studies included randomized controlled trials reporting EBT outcomes following BWMIs delivered to children with overweight or obesity (<18 years of age). Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted to compare EBT outcomes for intervention and control groups. Synthesis without meta‐analysis (SWiM) was applied for EBTs where meta‐analysis was not feasible.ResultsThe review identified eight trials characterizing the impact of BWMIs on 15 EBTs. Meta‐analyses of data from three trials at intervention completion and post‐intervention (average of 28 weeks [±8]) revealed positive short‐term increases in dietary restraint (SMD random effect 0.42 [95% CI 0.13, 0.70]). However, these effects were not sustained at follow‐up. Improvements in emotional eating, external eating, food responsiveness, and enjoyment of food were shown in studies which could not be pooled quantitatively.ConclusionBWMIs in children living with overweight/obesity are beneficial for the improvement of some EBTs at intervention completion including dietary restraint, emotional eating, external eating, food responsiveness, and enjoyment of food. However, this remains a relatively unexplored area and more research is needed to strengthen understanding of the multifaceted impact of child BWMIs on a comprehensive range of EBTs.
Raynaud's phenomenon involving the tongue
Authors: Yogarajah Sangeetha , Carey Barbara , Willis Amanda 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsRaynaud's phenomenon is a recognised vascular disorder typically involving the digits. Here we present two cases of Raynaud's phenomenon involving the tongue in the absence of a secondary autoimmune cause; an uncommon clinical entity.MethodsClinical notes for two patients diagnosed with lingual Raynaud's phenomenon were evaluated.ResultsCase 1: A 61‐year‐old female presented with intermittent paraesthesia and blue/white discolouration of the tongue only. Episodes were of sudden onset, usually precipitated by periods of exertion in cold weather. Medical history was negative for underlying connective tissue disease. She had a positive family history for ischaemic heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmune screening bloods, MRI tongue and exercise stress tests were unremarkable. A working diagnosis of primary lingual Raynaud's phenomenon was made. She commenced nifedipine 15 mg daily and reported an improvement in symptoms.Case 2: A 62‐year‐old male presented with intermittent episodes of sudden onset dysarthria, paraesthesia and white discolouration involving the anterior tongue, precipitated by cold weather. Medical history was negative for underlying connective tissue disease. Review by Stroke Medicine excluded transient ischaemic attack. Bloods including FBC, ANA, ENA, dsDNA, anti‐CCP, RF, ESR and CRP were negative. He was diagnosed with primary lingual Raynaud's phenomenon and recommended to commence calcium‐channel blocker antihypertensive medication.ConclusionOral manifestations of Raynaud's phenomenon in the absence of connective tissue disease is rare and may mimic neurological conditions, requiring multidisciplinary collaboration. General dental practitioners should recognise deviations from baseline clinical features which would prompt referral to allied specialties.
Pseudomonas fluorescens Inoculation Enhances Salix matsudana Growth by Modifying Phyllosphere Microbiomes, Surpassing Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Li Qing , He Yue , Feng Jian , He Yutong , Zhang Sheng 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe enhancement of plant growth by soil fertilization and microbial inoculation involves different mechanisms, particularly by altering the phyllosphere microbiome. This study investigated how nitrogen (N) fertilization, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain R124 inoculation and their combined effects influence the growth of different‐aged Salix matsudana cuttings by modulating N dynamics within the phyllosphere microbiome. Results showed that P. fluorescens inoculation was significantly more effective than N fertilization alone, enhancing biomass, plant nutrient uptake, soil nutrient content and root development by 90.51%, 18.18%, 72.74% and 126.20%, respectively. Crucially, the inoculation notably shifted the beta‐diversity of the phyllosphere microbial community, with K‐strategy fungi enhancing plant N fixation and subsequent plant growth. Cuttings from middle‐aged forests displayed more robust growth than those from young‐aged, associated with a varied impact on phyllosphere fungi, notably increasing the relative abundance of Myriangiales in young (76.37%) and Capnodiales in middle‐aged cuttings (42.37%), which improve phyllosphere stability and plant health. These findings highlight the effectiveness of microbial inoculation over N fertilization in promoting plant growth and provide valuable insights for the sustainable management of willow plantations at different stages of development.
Decarbonization under geoeconomic distress? Energy shocks, carbon lock‐ins, and Germany's pathway toward net zero
Authors: Babić Milan , Mertens Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHow can decarbonization governance endure under increasing geoeconomic distress? Global tensions threaten to divert financial and political resources from the green transition toward national security issues. However, we lack the analytical tools to assess decarbonization governance in this age of global rivalries. To address this gap, we develop an analytical framework to study the effects of geoeconomic shocks through investment, operational, and political channels. Using macro‐ and company‐level data and document analysis, we empirically test our framework using Germany's decarbonization governance following the cutoff of its Russian gas supply in 2022 as a case study. We find that this shock had negative short‐term effects on decarbonization via the operational channel, mixed effects via the political channel, and positive long‐term effects via the investment channel. Our framework and findings contribute to establishing climate change and energy politics as core issues for future political economy research.
Factors related to parents’ perceptions of oral health for children with Down syndrome in Japan
Authors: Onishi Tomoyuki , Funatsu Takahiro , Ooka Takafumi , Okada Yoshiyuki , kadena Miki , Kawaai Hiroyoshi , Sekino Jin , Marks Luc A. M. , Hironaka Shouji , Ogasawara Tadashi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAims:To evaluate the perceptions of parents on general health, oral health, and dental care for children with Down syndrome (DS), and to investigate factors related to parents’ perceptions of oral health.Methods and resultsAn online questionnaire survey was conducted of parents of children with DS. Forty‐three percent and 81% of the parents rated their child's oral health and general health as good, respectively. Parent‐rated oral health was strongly associated with general health, followed by the parents’ satisfaction with their child's dentist, halitosis, difficulty in dental examination, and the number of times they helped their child with toothbrushing. Seventy‐seven percent of the parents were satisfied or rather satisfied with their child's dentist. The parents expected the dentist to reassure their child and to be specialized in the treatment of persons with disabilities. Seventy‐three percent of the parents brushed their child's teeth at least once a day, and 92% brushed their own teeth at least twice a day. The number of times the parents brushed their own teeth was strongly associated with the frequency of brushing their child's teeth.ConclusionGeneral health, a trusting relationship with the dentist, and parental perceptions of oral hygiene affect parent‐rated oral health of children with DS.
Co‐worker phubbing: A qualitative exploration of smartphone use during work breaks
Authors: Martinsson Per , Thomée Sara 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThe present study qualitatively explores co‐worker “phubbing” (from “phone” and “snubbing”) during communal work breaks. Phubbing, or ignoring others by paying attention to one's phone, has been linked to a range of negative interpersonal and intrapersonal outcomes. Although most research has targeted private relationships, there are indications that lateral work relationships may be similarly affected, with potential consequences at the individual, group, and organizational levels.MethodsInterviews were conducted with 25 Swedish employees in the electrical trade (n = 13) and health care (n = 12), groups that typically work alongside colleagues and regularly take communal breaks. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsFive main themes were identified: (1) phubbing as a social barrier, (2) the socially integrated smartphone, (3) intentional and unintentional phubbing, (4) navigating phubbing norms, and (5) generational differences in phubbing behavior and attitudes.ConclusionThe findings indicate that work break phubbing could potentially undermine interpersonal aspects of the psychosocial work environment. However, this was also seen as contingent on social norms and individual needs and preferences. Discussing phubbing in the workplace may be a way of mitigating negative effects by bridging disparate expectations.
Refractory solar lentigines successfully treated with 532‐nm nanosecond Nd:YAG Vasculature Salvage Laser Surgery (VSLS) system: Case series
Authors: Lee So Young , Kim Ka Ram , Kim Seunghyeon , Han Hye Sung , Hong Ji Yeon , Seok Joon , Park Kui Young 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSolar lentigo, a common epidermal hyperpigmented lesion found in sun‐exposed areas, results from the proliferation of melanocytes and the accumulation of melanin. Although various treatments for solar lentigo have been explored, they often lead to complications, including prolonged erythema and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), posing significant concerns.Objectives and methodsThis study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the Vasculature Salvage Laser Surgery (VSLS) system. We treated six Korean patients, each with solar lentigo, in a single session using the 532‐nm nanosecond neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) VSLS system, with follow‐up periods ranging from 3 to 10 weeks.ResultsThe treatment led to the complete removal of pigmented lesions in all patients without resulting in PIH, even in cases where previous laser treatments had failed. The only side effect observed was mild erythema, which resolved over the long term in most instances.ConclusionsThe VSLS system emerges as a safe and effective treatment for pigmented lesions, including refractory solar lentigines. Nonetheless, additional studies are required to verify its long‐term efficacy.
The Effect of Polynucleotide‐Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel in the Recovery After Mechanical Skin Barrier Disruption
Authors: Ha Ye Jin , Tak Ka Hee , Jung Jin‐Min , Lee Jong Lyul , Kim Chan Wook , Ah Young‐Chang , Kim Seok‐Soon , Moon Ik Jun , Yoon Yong Sik 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe epidermal barrier acts as a defense against external agents as well as helps to maintain body homeostasis. Polynucleotides (PN), exogenous DNA fragments, promote wound repair through their stimulatory and anti‐inflammatory effects. Recent findings indicate a synergistic effect of PN and hyaluronic acid (HA) combinations in regulating inflammation and promoting cell proliferation. This study aims to elucidate the effects of PN and HA on repairing the epidermal barrier following its disruption by tape stripping (TS) in a mouse model.Materials and MethodsAfter disrupting the epidermal barrier using TS, a formulation containing PN (14 mg/mL) and HA (6 mg/mL) was applied. Trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured at 0, 3, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. Mice were euthanized after the final application at 72 h, and tissue samples were analyzed for epidermal/dermal thickness, neutrophil infiltration, and filaggrin expression.ResultsWe observed a significant reduction in TEWL in the PN+HA group compared to that in the control group (20.8 ± 0.5 vs. 43.7 ± 0.5 g/m2h at 72 h, p < 0.05), indicating an improvement in barrier function. Histological evaluation showed decreased epidermal and dermal thickening in the PN+HA group compared to that in the control group (epidermal: 29.4 ± 2.2 vs. 57.9 ± 3.5 μm; dermal: 464.8 ± 25.9 vs. 825.9 ± 44.8 μm, both p < 0.05). Additionally, neutrophil infiltration in the dermis was significantly reduced, and filaggrin protein levels were significantly higher in the PN+HA group compared to those in the control group (4.8 ± 0.4 vs. 21.1 ± 3.3 for neutrophils; 0.84 ± 0.04 vs. 0.42 ± 0.03 for filaggrin, both p < 0.05).ConclusionThese results suggest that PN+HA may be an effective therapeutic strategy for repairing skin barrier damage.
Mechanistic Insights Into an Ancient Adenovirus Precursor Protein VII Show Multiple Nuclear Import Receptor Pathways
Authors: Nematollahzadeh Sepehr , Athukorala Ajani , Donnelly Camilla M. , Pavan Silvia , Atelie‐Djossou Victoria , Di Iorio Enzo , Nath Babu , Helbig Karla J. , McSharry Brian P. , Forwood Jade K. , Sarker Subir , Alvisi Gualtiero 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAdenoviral pVII proteins are multifunctional, highly basic, histone‐like proteins that can bind to and transport the viral genome into the host cell nucleus. Despite the identification of several nuclear localization signals (NLSs) in the pVII protein of human adenovirus (HAdV)2, the mechanistic details of nuclear transport are largely unknown. Here we provide a full characterization of the nuclear import of precursor (Pre‐) pVII protein from an ancient siadenovirus, frog siadenovirus 1 (FrAdV1), using a combination of structural, functional, and biochemical approaches. Two strong NLSs (termed NLSa and NLSd) interact with importin (IMP)β1 and IMPα, respectively, and are the main drivers of nuclear import. A weaker NLS (termed NLSb) also contributes, together with an additional signal (NLSc) which we found to be important for nucleolar targeting and intranuclear binding. Expression of wild‐type and NLS defective derivatives Pre‐pVII in the presence of selective inhibitors of different nuclear import pathways revealed that, unlike its human counterpart, FrAdV1 Pre‐pVII nuclear import is dependent on IMPα/β1 and IMPβ1, but not on transportin‐1 (IMPβ2). Clearly, AdVs evolved to maximize the nuclear import pathways for the pVII proteins, whose subcellular localization is the result of a complex process. Therefore, our results pave the way for an evolutionary comparison of the interaction of different AdVs with the host cell nuclear transport machinery.
Interleukin‐15 and high‐intensity exercise: relationship with inflammation, body composition and fitness in cancer survivors
Authors: Farley Morgan J. , Boytar Alexander N. , Adlard Kirsten N. , Salisbury Chloe E. , Hart Nicolas H. , Schaumberg Mia A. , Jenkins David G. , Skinner Tina L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPre‐clinical murine and in vitro models have demonstrated that exercise suppresses tumour and cancer cell growth. These anti‐oncogenic effects of exercise were associated with the exercise‐mediated release of myokines such as interleukin (IL)‐15. However, no study has quantified the acute IL‐15 response in human cancer survivors, and whether physiological adaptations to exercise training (i.e. body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness) influence this response. In the present study breast, prostate and colorectal cancer survivors (n = 14) completed a single bout of high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE) [4×4 min at 85–95% heart rate (HR) peak, 3 min at 50–70% HR peak] before and after 7 months of three times weekly high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on a cycle ergometer. At each time point venous blood was sampled before and immediately after HIIE to assess the acute myokine (IL‐15, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐1ra) responses. Markers of inflammation, cardiorespiratory fitness and measures of body composition were obtained at baseline and 7 months. An acute bout of HIIE resulted in a significant increase in IL‐15 concentrations (pre‐intervention: 113%; P = 0.013, post‐intervention: 102%; P = 0.005). Post‐exercise IL‐15 concentrations were associated with all other post‐exercise myokine concentrations, lean mass (P = 0.031), visceral adipose tissue (P = 0.039) and absolute peak (P = 0.032). There was no significant effect of 7 months of HIIT on pre‐ or post‐HIIE IL‐15 concentrations (P > 0.05). This study demonstrates HIIE is a sufficient stimulus to increase circulating IL‐15 and other myokines including IL‐6, IL‐10 and IL‐1ra which may be clinically relevant in the anti‐oncogenic effect of exercise and repetitive exposure to these effects may contribute to the positive relationship between exercise and cancer recurrence.
imageKey points
Exercise has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence.
Pre‐clinical murine and in vitro models have demonstrated that exercise suppresses tumour and cancer cell growth, mediated by exercise‐induced myokines (IL‐6 and IL‐15).
High‐intensity interval exercise significantly increased myokines associated with the anti‐oncogenic effect of exercise and the magnitude of response was associated with lean mass, but training did not appear to influence this response.
Given IL‐15 has been implicated in the anti‐oncogenic effect of exercise and is being explored as an immunotherapy agent, high‐intensity interval exercise may improve outcomes for people living beyond cancer through IL‐15‐mediated pathways.
Interventions that increase lean mass may also enhance this response.
Improving a Two-Equation Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Model for High-Rayleigh-Number Natural-Convection Flows Using Machine Learning
Authors: Haghiri Ali , Xu Xiaowei , Sandberg Richard D. , Tanimoto Koichi , Oda Takuo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study presents data-driven modeling of the Reynolds stress tensor and turbulent heat flux vector for improving unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) predictions of natural convection problems. While RANS-based calculations are cost-effective, conventional models fail to deliver the requisite predictive precision for high-Rayleigh-number practical engineering flows. To rectify this limitation, a gene-expression programing (GEP)-based machine-learning technique was employed to train novel models using a high-fidelity dataset from a vertical cylinder case with Ra = O(1013), which was generated using LES and validated against experimental data from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI). The newly developed data-driven closures for Reynolds stress and turbulent heat flux were then used to extend the realizable k-epsilon (RKE) turbulence model. The efficacy of these models was rigorously tested through a full a posteriori approach, involving URANS calculations with the newly constructed closures for the training case and two different testing cases. The results show that for cases with high Ra number (≥1011), the Nusselt number, temperature profiles, and velocity profiles exhibit significant enhancements due to the application of the GEP-based closures, initially developed using the Ra = O(1013) training case. However, for cases featuring lower Ra numbers, where standard RANS models already perform relatively well, the utilization of the current data-driven closures becomes un-necessary, potentially even leading to reduced simulation accuracy. This investigation carries implications for cost reduction in the design process of thermal engineering applications involving high-Rayleigh-number natural convection flows.
Impact of Fluid Vibration and Temperature Gradient on Thermocapillary Droplet Flow
Authors: Alhendal Yousuf , Touzani Sara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To study the migration of droplets in a static and vibrating fluid in a zero-gravity environment, where the droplet moves from the bottom of the cylinder to its top under the action of the flow of thermocapillary force (Marangoni phenomenon), Ansys-Fluent software v.14.5 is used to create a 2D and 3D CFD based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model. The results obtained show good agreement with literature data, indicating that the Marangoni phenomenon could be investigated numerically. Additionally, previously discovered results may be confirmed and supported with appropriate figures and flow patterns, and previously unresearched scenarios may be examined. According to the findings, droplet migration rate can be controlled by varying the temperature gradient. Three different cylinder dimensions were used in the investigation to determine the effects of a constant 0.01s−1 vibration frequency and vibration amplitudes of 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, and 0.02 m/s2 on the behavior and migration of an isolated droplet. This resulted in three different Marangoni numbers. Findings corroborated by flow pattern indicate that slight vibrations, insignificant in the Earth’s gravitational field, affect the behavior of the droplets.