bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison and analysis of properties of V-type HV-LSPMSM with non-magnetic and magnetic-wedges
Authors: Xie Qiuyue , Deng Qiuling , Ren Bing , Zhong Yichang , Ou Jinsheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In order to improve the magnetic density distribution and torque ripple waveform of the motor and enhance its efficiency, the effect of slot wedge on motor performance is discussed in this paper. Taking 6 kV, 710 kW high-voltage line-start PMSM (HV-LSPMSM) as an example, the mathematical model is established, the influence mechanism of slot wedge on air gap density, loss, efficiency and torque ripple of motor is analyzed. The HV-LSPMSM prototype was manufactured, the deviations of several important motor parameters are less than 5% by comparing the test data and the finite element analysis (FEA) results, thus, the accuracy and reliability of the modified finite element model (FEM) are verified, it provides an experimental basis for further research on the effect of relative permeability variation on motor performance. The effects of nonmagnetic-wedges and magnetic-wedges on the motor’s performance are systematically compared. The research results show that compared with the non-magnetic wedges, the magnetic wedges are used to make the magnetic density more uniform, the eddy current loss with magnetic wedge (μ = 5) is reduced by 7.292 kW, and the motor efficiency is improved. The torque ripple rate with magnetic wedge (μ = 3) is reduced by 3.35%, and the torque waveform is significantly improved. And It is found that magnetic wedge (μ > 3) slowed down the iron loss reduction rate. The research provides an important theoretical and experimental basis for the design of HV-LSPMSM and the application of magnetic-wedge in motor.
Design and development of a low-cost hyperspectral imaging setup via a machine-learningbased approach
Authors: Meena Jyotisana , Unni Sujatha Narayanan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article presents a potential solution for developing a low-cost hyperspectral imaging (HSI) setup by preserving pertinent information acquired from a conventional hyperspectral imaging setup. Conventional hyperspectral images (HSI) of three different types of leaves, gongura (Hibiscus sabdariffa), amaranthus (Amaranthus viridis), and banana (Musa acuminata) were acquired with 204 wavelengths/bands. The spectra are processed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to find a set of signature wavelengths for leaf classification. Afterwards, 20 visible range wavelengths (440 to 700 nm) were found to be incorporated into a low-cost setup involving a monochromator, beam steering elements, and a smartphone camera with associated machine learning (ML) classifiers. For building the datasets, we extracted 90 spectra from the images captured using the conventional HSI setup under the full spectra range (397 nm to 1003 nm). Similarly, 90 spectra were extracted from the images captured from the low-cost setup under the 20 signature wavelengths. For further experimentation, we split the datasets into Dataset-A, containing 70% of the total spectra, and the remaining 30% in Dataset-B for HSI as well as low-cost setup. Dataset- B was reserved to evaluate the robustness of the classifiers on an unseen dataset. LDA surpasses the other classifiers in leaves classification for HSI as well as low-cost setup. For the HSI setup, LDA achieved a 100% average score for performance matrices (classification accuracy, precision, Recall, and F1-score) on dataset A as well as on dataset B. Moreover, for the low-cost setup, LDA achieved 98.33% ± 4.99% classification accuracy, 98.89% ± 3.33% precision, 98.33% ± 4.99% recall, and 98.22% ± 5.33% F1-score on dataset A. Additionally, LDA achieved 96.29% classification accuracy, 96.67% precision, 96.29% recall, and 96.28% F1-score for dataset B. The promising results indicated that the low-cost set-up closely emulates the HSI system’s performance in terms of performance metrics, delivering a low-cost HSI system for various applications in the future.
Research progress on arc-based additive repair (AAR) technology for metal parts
Authors: Aimin Jiang , Abdullah Ahmad Baharuddin , Pramodkumar S K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Arc-based additive additive technology, like other additive manufacturing technologies such as laser cladding, cold spraying, has been used in repairing metal parts that suffer harsh working conditions, including wear, corrosion, and breaking which prevent them from realising an economic development route when lifespan is extended. However, there is a limitation in the existing study of arc-based additive repair technology. against the backdrop of the rapid development of many emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence. Hence, this paper aims to provide a holistic status quo of arc-based additive repairing technology (AAR) which includes five sections: Firstly, AAR is overviewed and then followed by types of AAR that provide an understanding of explicit AAR technique, such as powder plasma arc welding, plasma-transfer arc welding, gas metal arc welding, and gas tungsten arc welding. Secondly, parameters optimization characteristics and performance improvement measures related to arc energy density, shielding gas flow rate, tool path, and additional energy field are presented. Thirdly, defects and enhancing methods, including inner gas porosity, distortion and deformation, and cracks and corresponding addressing approaches, are discussed. Finally, challenges like efficiency and complexity of processes, defect control and quality assurance, and process displacement and geometric accuracy are concluded, and trends of AAR are proposed. Through this review, a new picture of the current state of AAR research unfolds that expect to inspire a sight-clear future.
Shot peening effects on Cr-Mo-V steel: a comprehensive study of microstructure, surface roughness, residual stress, and mechanical behavior
Authors: Sarveswara Reddy S , Durga Rajesh K , Maiti A K , Janaki Durga Venkatesh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive study of the microstructure, mechanical characteristics, and surface roughness of Cr-Mo-V low alloy steels and a detailed investigation of the overall impact of shot peening (SP). The microstructure was examined using the optical and scanning electron microscope, showing a significant grain size decrease after shot peening. Evaluations of mechanical characteristics, such as microhardness and tensile strength, showed a noteworthy rise, suggesting enhanced material strength. Studies using fragmentography shed more light on changed fracture tendencies. X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) was used to measure residual stress distribution, and the outcomes displayed an increase after SP, which suggests that internal stresses were created. Surface roughness measurements also showed a noticeable decline, indicating better surface quality. The transformational effects of shot peening on Cr-Mo-V low alloy steels were highlighted by comparative investigations with base metals, providing insights into enhancing material performance for various engineering applications.
Multi-UAV adaptive super-twisting integral terminal sliding mode formation control
Authors: Wang Jun , Luo Mingmin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses issues such as model uncertainties, actuator failures, and gust disturbances in multi-quadrotor UAV formation flight. An adaptive super-twisting integral terminal sliding mode control method is proposed, incorporating a ‘Leader-Follower’ formation control strategy. The approach includes designing an adaptive super-twisting integral terminal sliding mode controller and a formation adaptive cooperative controller. Additionally, adaptive gains are utilized to manage the effects of actuator failures, gust disturbances, and ground station interference, ensuring safe formation flight. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed controller can track the target trajectory within a finite time and effectively maintain formation flight.
Event-driven nearshore and shoreline coastline detection on SpiNNaker neuromorphic hardware
Authors: Fatahi Mazdak , Boulet Pierre , D’Angelo Giulia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Coastline detection is vital for coastal management, involving frequent observation and assessment to understand coastal dynamics and inform decisions on environmental protection. Continuous streaming of high-resolution images demands robust data processing and storage solutions to manage large datasets efficiently, posing challenges that require innovative solutions for real-time analysis and meaningful insights extraction. This work leverages low-latency event-based vision sensors coupled with neuromorphic hardware in an attempt to decrease a two-fold challenge, reducing the computational burden to ∼0.375 mW whilst obtaining a coastline detection map in as little as 20 ms. The proposed Spiking Neural Network runs on the SpiNNaker neuromorphic platform using a total of 18 040 neurons reaching 98.33% accuracy. The model has been characterised and evaluated by computing the accuracy of Intersection over Union scores over the ground truth of a real-world coastline dataset across different time windows. The system’s robustness was further assessed by evaluating its ability to avoid coastline detection in non-coastline profiles and funny shapes, achieving a success rate of 97.3%.
Modular properties of elliptic algebras
Authors: Chirvasitu Alex , Kanda Ryo , Smith S. 
Published: September 2024

Fix a pair of relatively prime integers

n
>
k
≥
1

n>k\ge 1

, and a point

(
η

|

τ
)
∈

C

×

H

(\eta \,|\,\tau )\in \mathbb {C}\times \mathbb {H}

, where

H

\mathbb {H}

denotes the upper-half complex plane, and let

(

a

b

c

d

)

∈

S
L

(
2
,

Z

)

{{a\;\,b}\choose {c\,\;d}}\in \mathrm {SL}(2,\mathbb {Z})

. We show that Feigin and Odesskii’s elliptic algebras

Q

n
,
k

(
η

|

τ
)

Q_{n,k}(\eta \,|\,\tau )

have the property

Q

n
,
k

(

η

c
τ
+
d

|

a
τ
+
b

c
τ
+
d

)

≅

Q

n
,
k

(
η

|

τ
)

Q_{n,k}\big (\frac {\eta }{c\tau +d}\,\big \vert \,\frac {a\tau +b}{c\tau +d}\big )\cong Q_{n,k}(\eta \,|\,\tau )

. As a consequence, given a pair

(
E
,
ξ
)

(E,\xi )

consisting of a complex elliptic curve

E
E

and a point

ξ
∈
E

\xi \in E

, one may unambiguously define

Q

n
,
k

(
E
,
ξ
)
≔

Q

n
,
k

(
η

|

τ
)

Q_{n,k}(E,\xi )≔Q_{n,k}(\eta \,|\,\tau )

where

τ
∈

H

\tau \in \mathbb {H}

is any point such that

C

/

Z

+

Z

τ
≅
E

\mathbb {C}/\mathbb {Z}+\mathbb {Z}\tau \cong E

and

η
∈

C

\eta \in \mathbb {C}

is any point whose image in

E
E

is

ξ
\xi

. This justifies Feigin and Odesskii’s notation

Q

n
,
k

(
E
,
ξ
)

Q_{n,k}(E,\xi )

for their algebras. The algebras

Q

n
,
1

(
η

|

τ
)

Q_{n,1}(\eta \,|\,\tau )

are commonly known as Sklyanin algebras in honor of Sklyanin’s discovery of

Q

4
,
1

(
η

|

τ
)

Q_{4,1}(\eta \,|\,\tau )

.
Bacillus subtilis grown in a “breathing” vessel without sparger aeration
Authors: Yoshida Ken-ichi , Yokoyama Kyosuke , Öktem Ayşegül , Ishikawa Shu , van Dijl Jan Maarten , Yotsuya Masato , Sato Ryosuke 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Here we present a “breathing” vessel consisting of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, which allows gas exchange but no liquid permeation. The bacterial culture inside needs only agitation to promote air supply. Using this setup, a Bacillus subtilis cell factory for scyllo-inositol production grew to produce scyllo-inositol efficiently. The results indicate that our approach represents a sustainable “greener” approach for the cell factory.
Impact of structured multicentre enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol implementation on length of stay after colorectal surgery
Authors: Bayat Zubair , Govindarajan Anand , Victor J Charles , Kennedy Erin D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Increased length of stay after surgery is associated with increased healthcare utilization and adverse patient outcomes. While enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have been shown to reduce length of stay after colorectal surgery in trial settings, their effectiveness in real-world settings is more uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ERAS protocol implementation on length of stay after colorectal surgery, using real-world data.

Methods
In 2012, ERAS protocols were introduced at 15 Ontario hospitals as part of the iERAS study. A cohort of patients undergoing colorectal surgery treated at these hospitals between 2008 and 2019 was created using health administrative data. Mean length of stay was computed for the intervals before and after ERAS implementation. Interrupted time series analyses were performed for predefined subgroups, namely all colorectal surgery, colorectal surgery without complications, right-sided colorectal surgery, and left-sided colorectal surgery. Sensitivity analyses were then conducted using adjusted length of stay, accounting for length of stay predictors, including: patient age, sex, marginalization, co-morbidities, and diagnosis; surgeon volume of cases, years in practice, and colorectal surgery expertise; hospital volume; and other contextual factors, including procedure type and timing, surgical approach, and in-hospital complications.

Results
A total of 32 612 patients underwent colorectal surgery during the study interval. ERAS implementation led to a decrease in length of stay of 1.05 days (13.7%). Larger decreases in length of stay were seen with more complex surgeries, with a level change of 1.17 days (15.6%) noted for the subgroup of patients undergoing left-sided colorectal surgery. The observed decreases in length of stay were durable for the length of the study interval in all analyses. When adjusting for predictors of length of stay, the effect of ERAS implementation on length of stay was larger (reduction of 1.46 days).

Conclusion
Introducing formal ERAS protocols reduces length of stay after colorectal surgery significantly, independent of temporal trends toward decreasing length of stay. These effects are durable, demonstrating that ERAS protocol implementation is an effective hospital-level intervention to reduce length of stay after colorectal surgery.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients Initiating Tumor Necrosis Factor–Alpha Inhibitors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Hennessee Ian , Benedict Kaitlin , Bahr Nathan C , Lipner Shari R , Gold Jeremy A W 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In a commercial claims database analysis, &lt;0.5% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatoid arthritis developed an invasive fungal infection (IFI) within 1 year of initiating tumor necrosis factor–alpha therapy. Histoplasmosis was the most common IFI type. Overall IFI incidence varied based on region, underlying conditions, and use of certain immunosuppressive medications.
Epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of toxicant exposure-specific non-coding RNA in sperm
Authors: McSwiggin Hayden , Magalhães Rubens , Nilsson Eric E , Yan Wei , Skinner Michael K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of phenotypic variation and disease susceptibility requires the germ cell (sperm or egg) transmission of integrated epigenetic mechanisms involving DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) actions. Previous studies have demonstrated that transgenerational exposure and disease-specific differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) in sperm are observed and that ncRNA-mediated DNA methylation occurs. The current study was designed to determine if transgenerational exposure-specific ncRNAs exist in sperm. Specifically, toxicants with distinct mechanisms of action including the fungicide vinclozolin (anti-androgenic), pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (estrogenic), herbicide atrazine (endocrine disruptor at cyclic adenosine monophosphate level), and hydrocarbon mixture jet fuel (JP8) (aryl hydrocarbon receptor disruptor) were used to promote transgenerational disease phenotypes in F3 generation outbred rats. New aliquots of sperm, previously collected and used for DNA methylation analyses, were used in the current study for ncRNA sequencing analyses of nuclear RNA. Significant changes in transgenerational sperm ncRNA were observed for each transgenerational exposure lineage. The majority of ncRNA was small noncoding RNAs including piwi-interacting RNA, tRNA-derived small RNAs, microRNAs, rRNA-derived small RNA, as well as long ncRNAs. Although there was some overlap among the different classes of ncRNA across the different exposures, the majority of differentially expressed ncRNAs were exposure-specific with no overlapping ncRNA between the four different exposure lineages in the transgenerational F3 generation sperm nuclear ncRNAs. The ncRNA chromosomal locations and gene associations were identified for a small number of differential expressed ncRNA. Interestingly, an overlap analysis between the transgenerational sperm DMRs and ncRNA chromosomal locations demonstrated small populations of overlapping ncRNA, but a large population of non-overlapping ncRNAs. Observations suggest that transgenerational sperm ncRNAs have both exposure-specific populations within the different classes of ncRNA, as well as some common populations of ncRNAs among the different exposures. The lack of co-localization of many of the ncRNAs with previously identified transgenerational DMRs suggests a distal integration of the different epigenetic mechanisms. The potential use of ncRNA analyses for transgenerational toxicant exposure assessment appears feasible.
Pulmonary embolism due to an intracardiac thrombosis in a patient affected by Behçet’s disease: a case report
Authors: Ambrosino Valeria , De Marco Francesca , Valli Gabriele , Ruggieri Maria Pia , Morelli Sergio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Behçet’s disease is an inflammatory condition, caused by vasculitis of big and small veins and arteries in which, although vascular inflammation is the basis of disease, cardiac involvement is rare. We present a rare case of a man, affected by Behçet’s disease, with pulmonary embolism due to a floating thrombus in the right ventricle.

Case summary
We report a case of a 36-year-old man admitted to emergency department due to dyspnoea and haemoptysis. He had already been diagnosed with Behçet’s disease, and he was in therapy with low doses of azathioprine and prednisone from three months. Thorax CT scan detected pulmonary embolism with pulmonary infraction. No evidence of deep vein thrombosis was found. The echocardiogram pointed out a floating mass of at least 30 mm in the right ventricle. Cardiac magnetic resonance confirmed the diagnosis of right ventricle thrombosis. On the hypothesis of an inflammatory genesis of the thrombosis, immunosuppressive drugs and anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonist were prescribed. The patient underwent echocardiograms every 3 weeks, and the mass disappeared 5 months later.

Discussion
Behçet’s disease is a systemic inflammatory disorder that often affects vessels and rarely the heart. Thrombosis can be the only clinical feature of primary or relapsing events with also atypical origin site. Thrombosis suggests a high inflammatory status that needs to be balanced with the right immunosuppressive therapy, associated to anticoagulation.
Single-species quotas drive discards by multi-species trawlers in the Celtic Seas ecoregion when their relative abundance fluctuates
Authors: Browne Maria , Calderwood Julia , Brophy Deirdre , Minto Cóilín 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Our study investigated discarding patterns by bottom otter trawlers over 17 years prior to the full implementation of the Landing Obligation. A generalized additive modelling approach was applied to at-sea sampling data to examine the most important drivers of the discards per unit effort (DPUE) of cod, whiting, hake, and haddock in the Celtic Seas ecoregion from 2002 to 2018. Many operational, environmental, regulatory, and spatio-temporal factors were tested. Fish above and below the minimum conservation reference size (MCRS) were modelled separately to compare drivers of discarding of these categories of unwanted catch. In the full time period analysis, the three most important factors in determining DPUE were geographic location, an interaction between geographic location and year, and year interacting with month. Further analysis of a subset of the time series indicated that quota availability significantly impacted the DPUE for &lt;MCRS haddock, &lt;MCRS whiting, and &gt;MCRS hake, while the quota allocated for one species often significantly influenced the DPUE of other species and size classes. Quota interacting with abundance had a significant impact for all &gt;MCRS species and &lt;MCRS hake. This indicates that changes in relative abundance compound discarding under quota constraints. Collectively, these results empirically demonstrate that single-species quotas majorly contribute to discards in a mixed-fisheries context.
Risky Business: Predator Chemical Cues Mediate Morphological Changes in Freshwater Snails
Authors: Wagner M J , Moore P A 
Published: September 2024

Synopsis
Many prey organisms respond to the nonconsumptive effects of predators by altering their physiology, morphology, and behavior. These inducible defenses can create refuges for prey by decreasing the likelihood of consumption by predators. Some prey, as in marine mollusks, have been shown to alter their morphology in response to the presence of size-limited predation. To extend this work, we exposed pointed campeloma snails (Campeloma decisum) to chemical cues from a natural predator, the rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus), to better understand how snail morphology changes under the threat of predation. The total force needed to crush shells, total shell length, aperture width, and total weight, along with changes to these 3 body measurements, were recorded for each individual and used to quantify morphological changes as a function of risk. Snails exposed to crayfish chemical cues had shells that required significantly more force to crush their shells than controls (P = 0.023). Total shell length was greater in crayfish-exposed snails than in control snails (P = 0.012), and snails in the crayfish treatment also showed significantly more change in shell length than control snails (P = 0.007). Similarly, aperture width was significantly greater in exposed snails (P = 0.011). However, exposed snails exhibited significantly less change in aperture width than controls (P = 0.03). Finally, we found that snails exposed to crayfish weighed significantly more than snails in the control (P = 0.008). Thus, the results of this study show that morphology of gastropods is altered in the presence of predators, and this may be an antipredator tactic directly related to predation risk.