bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dark Cube: dark character profiles and OCEAN
Authors: Garcia Danilo , González Moraga Fernando R. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundThe Big Five traits (i.e., openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism: OCEAN) have been suggested to provide a meaningful taxonomy for studying the Dark Triad: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Nevertheless, current research consists of mixed and inconsistent associations between the Dark Triad and OCEAN. Here we used the Dark Cube (Garcia & Rosenberg, 2016), a model of malevolent character theoretically based on Cloninger’s biopsychosocial model of personality and in the assumption of a ternary structure of malevolent character. We use the dark cube profiles to investigate differences in OCEAN between individuals who differ in one dark character trait while holding the other two constant (i.e., conditional relationships).MethodParticipants (N = 330) responded to the Short Dark Triad Inventory and the Big Five Inventory and were grouped according to the eight possible combinations using their dark trait scores (M, high Machiavellianism; m, low Machiavellianism; N, high narcissism; n, low narcissism; P, high psychopathy; p, low psychopathy): MNP “maleficent”, MNp “manipulative narcissistic”, MnP “anti-social”, Mnp “Machiavellian”, mNP “psychopathic narcissistic”, mNp “narcissistic”, mnP “psychopathic”, and mnp “benevolent”.ResultsHigh narcissism-high extraversion and high psychopathy-low agreeableness were consistently associated across comparisons. The rest of the comparisons showed a complex interaction. For example, high Machiavellianism-high neuroticism only when both narcissism and psychopathy were low (Mnp vs. mnp), high narcissism-high conscientiousness only when both Machiavellianism and psychopathy were also high (MNP vs. MnP), and high psychopathy-high neuroticism only when Machiavellianism was low and narcissism was high (mNP vs. mNp).ConclusionsWe suggest that the Dark Cube is a useful tool in the investigation of a consistent Dark Triad Theory. This approach suggests that the only clear relationships were narcissism-extraversion and psychopathy-agreeableness and that the malevolent character traits were associated to specific OCEAN traits only under certain conditions. Hence, explaining the mixed and inconsistent linear associations in the Dark Triad literature.
Functional modularity in lake-dwelling characin fishes of Mexico
Authors: Ornelas-García Claudia Patricia , Bautista Amando , Herder Fabian , Doadrio Ignacio 
Published: September 2017

Modular evolution promotes evolutionary change, allowing independent variation across morphological units. Recent studies have shown that under contrasting ecological pressures, patterns of modularity could be related to divergent evolution. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the presence of modular evolution in two sister lacustrine species,Astyanax aeneusandA. caballeroi, which are differentiated by their trophic habits. Two different datasets were analyzed: (1) skull X-rays from 73 specimens (35A. aeneusand 38A. caballeroi) to characterize skull variation patterns, considering both species and sex effects. For this dataset, three different modularity hypotheses were tested, previously supported in other lacustrine divergent species; (2) a complete body shape dataset was also tested for four modularity hypotheses, which included a total of 196 individuals (110Astyanax aeneusand 86A. caballeroi). Skull shape showed significant differences among species and sex (P < 0.001), whereAstyanax caballeroispecies showed an upwardly projected mandible and larger preorbital region. For the skull dataset, the modularity hypothesis ranked first included three partitioning modules. While for the complete body dataset the best ranked hypothesis included two modules (head vs the rest of the body), being significant only forA. caballeroi.
Filtering out parasites: sand crabs (Lepidopa benedicti) are infected by more parasites than sympatric mole crabs (Emerita benedicti)
Authors: Faulkes Zen 
Published: September 2017

Two digging decapod crustaceans, the sand crab speciesLepidopa benedictiand the mole crab speciesEmerita benedicti, both live in the swash zone of fine sand beaches. They were examined for two parasites that infect decapod crustaceans in the region, an unidentified nematode previously shown to infectL. benedicti, and cestode tapeworm larvae,Polypocephalussp., previously shown to infect shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus).Lepidopa benedictiwere almost always infected with both parasite species, whileE. benedictiwere rarely infected with either parasite species. This difference in infection pattern suggests that tapeworms are ingested during sediment feeding inL. benedicti, whichE. benedictiavoid by filter feeding. LargerL. benedictihad morePolypocephalussp. larvae. The thoracic ganglia, which make up the largest proportion of neural tissue, contained the largest numbers ofPolypocephalussp. larvae. Intensity ofPolypocephalussp. infection was not correlated with how longL. benedictiremained above sand in behavioural tests, suggesting thatPolypocephalussp. do not manipulate the sand crabs in a way that facilitates trophic transmission of the parasite.Litopenaeus setiferusmay be a primary host forPolypocephalussp., andL. benedictmay be a secondary, auxiliary host.
SABERES GEOMÉTRICOS NO CURSO PRIMÁRIO: UMA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE O MOVIMENTO DE SEUS METODOS E CONTEÚDOS
Authors: Camara Alexsandra , Pinto Neuza Bertoni 
Published: September 2017

Nas primeiras décadas do século XX (1903-1930), tornava-se necessária a implantação de uma reforma na instrução pública da escola de primeiras letras, onde conteúdos e métodos de ensino da época foram colocados em debate. Diante essa necessidade, o objetivo deste texto é trazer uma discussão sobre os diferentes conteúdos e abordagens de métodos de ensino dos saberes geométricos, considerando como fontes de pesquisa programas de ensino, relatórios e livros didáticos utilizados na primeira república paranaense. Fizemos uso do ferramental teórico-metodológico proveniente da História Cultural e concluímos que, no período de estudo, vários métodos de ensino se faziam presentes em discussões, em documentos e possivelmente em práticas que envolviam os saberes geométricos no ensino primário.
Using Low‐Frequency Earthquake Families on the San Andreas Fault as Deep Creepmeters
Authors: Thomas A. M. , Beeler N. M. , Bletery Q. , Burgmann R. , Shelly D. R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe central section of the San Andreas Fault hosts tectonic tremor and low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) similar to subduction zone environments. LFEs are often interpreted as persistent regions that repeatedly fail during the aseismic shear of the surrounding fault allowing them to be used as creepmeters. We test this idea by using the recurrence intervals of individual LFEs within LFE families to estimate the timing, duration, recurrence interval, slip, and slip rate associated with inferred slow slip events. We formalize the definition of a creepmeter and determine whether this definition is consistent with our observations. We find that episodic families reflect surrounding creep over the interevent time, while the continuous families and the short time scale bursts that occur as part of the episodic families do not. However, when these families are evaluated on time scales longer than the interevent time these events can also be used to meter slip. A straightforward interpretation of episodic families is that they define sections of the fault where slip is distinctly episodic in well‐defined slow slip events that slip 16 times the long‐term rate. In contrast, the frequent short‐term bursts of the continuous and short time scale episodic families likely do not represent individual creep events but rather are persistent asperities that are driven to failure by quasi‐continuous creep on the surrounding fault. Finally, we find that the moment‐duration scaling of our inferred creep events are inconsistent with the proposed linear moment‐duration scaling. However, caution must be exercised when attempting to determine scaling with incomplete knowledge of scale.
Wind‐Driven Response of the Upper Ocean Along the U.S. West Coast to Tropical MJO Convection
Authors: Barrett Bradford S. , Davies Alexander R. , Rose Jacob I. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this study, time‐lagged composites of OSCAR upper ocean currents from February to May of 1993–2016 were binned by active phase of the leading atmospheric mode of intraseasonal variability, the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). Seven days after the convectively active phase of the MJO is present in the tropical Indian Ocean, anomalously strong south‐southeastward upper ocean currents are seen along nearly the entire U.S. west coast. Seven days after the convectively active phase is present in the tropical western Pacific Ocean, upper ocean current anomalies reverse along the U.S. west coast, with weaker southward flow. A physical pathway to the ocean was found for both of these phases: (a) tropical MJO convection modulates upper tropospheric heights and circulation over the Pacific Ocean; (b) those anomalous atmospheric heights adjust the strength and position of the Aleutian Low and Hawaiian High; (c) surface winds change in response to the adjusted atmospheric pressure patterns; and (d) those surface winds project onto upper ocean currents.
Wind Speed and Sea State Dependencies of Air‐Sea Gas Transfer: Results From the High Wind Speed Gas Exchange Study (HiWinGS)
Authors: Blomquist B. W. , Brumer S. E. , Fairall C. W. , Huebert B. J. , Zappa C. J. , Brooks I. M. , Yang M. , Bariteau L. , Prytherch J. , Hare J. E. , Czerski H. , Matei A. , Pascal R. W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA variety of physical mechanisms are jointly responsible for facilitating air‐sea gas transfer through turbulent processes at the atmosphere‐ocean interface. The nature and relative importance of these mechanisms evolves with increasing wind speed. Theoretical and modeling approaches are advancing, but the limited quantity of observational data at high wind speeds hinders the assessment of these efforts. The HiWinGS project successfully measured gas transfer coefficients (k660) with coincident wave statistics under conditions with hourly mean wind speeds up to 24 m s−1 and significant wave heights to 8 m. Measurements of k660 for carbon dioxide (CO2) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) show an increasing trend with respect to 10 m neutral wind speed (U10N), following a power law relationship of the form:
and
. Among seven high wind speed events, CO2 transfer responded to the intensity of wave breaking, which depended on both wind speed and sea state in a complex manner, with
increasing as the wind sea approaches full development. A similar response is not observed for DMS. These results confirm the importance of breaking waves and bubble injection mechanisms in facilitating CO2 transfer. A modified version of the Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Response Experiment Gas transfer algorithm (COAREG ver. 3.5), incorporating a sea state‐dependent calculation of bubble‐mediated transfer, successfully reproduces the mean trend in observed k660 with wind speed for both gases. Significant suppression of gas transfer by large waves was not observed during HiWinGS, in contrast to results from two prior field programs.
Modulation of Soil Initial State on WRF Model Performance Over China
Authors: Xue Haile , Jin Qinjian , Yi Bingqi , Mullendore Gretchen L. , Zheng Xiaohui , Jin Hongchun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe soil state (e.g., temperature and moisture) in a mesoscale numerical prediction model is typically initialized by reanalysis or analysis data that may be subject to large bias. Such bias may lead to unrealistic land‐atmosphere interactions. This study shows that the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) dramatically underestimates soil temperature and overestimates soil moisture over most parts of China in the first (0–10 cm) and second (10–25 cm) soil layers compared to in situ observations in July 2013. A correction based on the global optimal dual kriging is employed to correct CFSR bias in soil temperature and moisture using in situ observations. To investigate the impacts of the corrected soil state on model forecasts, two numerical model simulations—a control run with CFSR soil state and a disturbed run with the corrected soil state—were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. All the simulations are initiated 4 times per day and run 48 h. Model results show that the corrected soil state, for example, warmer and drier surface over the most parts of China, can enhance evaporation over wet regions, which changes the overlying atmospheric temperature and moisture. The changes of the lifting condensation level, level of free convection, and water transport due to corrected soil state favor precipitation over wet regions, while prohibiting precipitation over dry regions. Moreover, diagnoses indicate that the remote moisture flux convergence plays a dominant role in the precipitation changes over the wet regions.
Coping Strategies, Psychological Impact, and Support Preferences of Men With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Multicenter Survey
Authors: Flurey Caroline A. , Hewlett Sarah , Rodham Karen , White Alan , Noddings Robert , Kirwan John R. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the existence and distribution of 2 typologies (termed “factors”) of men with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) identified through our previous Q‐methodology study (n = 30) in a larger sample of men with RA, and whether differences in psychosocial impact or support preferences exist between the 2 factors, and between men and women with RA.MethodsA postal survey was sent to 620 men with RA from 6 rheumatology units across England, and the support preferences section of the survey was given to 232 women with RA.ResultsA total of 295 male patients (47.6%) and 103 female patients (44.4%) responded; 15 male participants had missing data, and thus 280 were included in the analysis. Of these, 61 (22%) were assigned to factor A (“accept and adapt”), 120 (35%) were assigned to factor B (“struggling to match up”), and 99 (35%) were unassigned. The two factors differed significantly, with factor B reporting more severe disease, less effective coping strategies, and poorer psychological status. For support, men favored a question and answer session with a consultant (54%) or specialist nurse (50%), a website for information (69%), a talk by researchers (54%), or a symptom management session (54%). Overall, women reported more interest in support sessions than men, with ≥50% of women reporting interest in nearly every option provided.ConclusionSome men accept and adapt to their RA, but others (43%) report severe disease, less effective coping, and poor psychological status. Men's preferences for support are practical, with a focus on expanding their knowledge.
Co‐Delivery of Drugs and Genes Using Polymeric Nanoparticles for Synergistic Cancer Therapeutic Effects
Authors: Li Yi , Thambi Thavasyappan , Lee Doo Sung 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDrug and gene delivery systems based on nanoparticles, microparticles and hydrogels have been widely studied for cancer treatment in the past decade. To achieve an efficient and safe delivery, selection of drug and gene delivery carrier is critical. Biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles are considerably promising carrier candidates in delivery of drugs and genes because of their unique chemical and physical properties. However, delivery of a drug or gene sometimes cannot achieve a satisfactory treatment effect. Therefore, co‐delivery of dual drugs or co‐delivery of a drug and a gene in a polymeric nanoparticle has attracted attention. Such co‐delivery systems can overcome multi‐drug resistance of chemical drugs and achieve a synergistic therapeutic effect. In this progress report, we summarize recent progress in the preparation and application of polymeric drug and gene co‐delivery nanosystems. The remaining challenges and future trends in this field are also included.
High‐Energy‐Density Metal–Oxygen Batteries: Lithium–Oxygen Batteries vs Sodium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Song Kyeongse , Agyeman Daniel Adjei , Park Mihui , Yang Junghoon , Kang Yong‐Mook 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe development of next‐generation energy‐storage devices with high power, high energy density, and safety is critical for the success of large‐scale energy‐storage systems (ESSs), such as electric vehicles. Rechargeable sodium–oxygen (Na–O2) batteries offer a new and promising opportunity for low‐cost, high‐energy‐density, and relatively efficient electrochemical systems. Although the specific energy density of the Na–O2 battery is lower than that of the lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) battery, the abundance and low cost of sodium resources offer major advantages for its practical application in the near future. However, little has so far been reported regarding the cell chemistry, to explain the rate‐limiting parameters and the corresponding low round‐trip efficiency and cycle degradation. Consequently, an elucidation of the reaction mechanism is needed for both lithium–oxygen and sodium–oxygen cells. An in‐depth understanding of the differences and similarities between Li–O2 and Na–O2 battery systems, in terms of thermodynamics and a structural viewpoint, will be meaningful to promote the development of advanced metal–oxygen batteries. State‐of‐the‐art battery design principles for high‐energy‐density lithium–oxygen and sodium–oxygen batteries are thus reviewed in depth here. Major drawbacks, reaction mechanisms, and recent strategies to improve performance are also summarized.
Beam‐Editing Coding Metasurfaces Based on Polarization Bit and Orbital‐Angular‐Momentum‐Mode Bit
Authors: Ma Qian , Shi Chuan Bo , Bai Guo Dong , Chen Tian Yi , Noor Ahsan , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCoding metasurfaces are aimed at representing digital information of the metasurface, usually by programing digital unit cells to control electromagnetic waves. However, some information sequences cannot be recognized by the receiver, because of nonorthogonality of the usual phase codes. Here, new coding method is proposed to encode information with orthogonal parameters in the emitting beam, which reduces information loss in the system. A vector beam modulator is proposed by combining orthogonal polarizations and orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. A normal incident wave can be modulated by OAM‐mode bit and polarization bit, which are regarded as specific information by the receiver. A polarization converter is used to realize the polarization selection (polarization bit) and phase control, independently. The phase patterns on the coding metasurfaces can be programed to realize the designed OAM modes (OAM bits) in the microwave frequency. Three schemes are presented to emit multiple OAM modes in dual polarizations, one of which is manufactured and measured for near and far fields. The simulations and experiments are in outstanding agreement, verifying the excellent performance of the proposed schemes. This work has great potential in communication applications of coding metasurfaces.
One‐Step Growth of Graphene/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Films on Soda‐Lime Glass for Transparent Conducting Applications
Authors: Chen Zhaolong , Chen Xu‐Dong , Wang Huihui , Li Xinqi , Lin Li , Chen Ke , Ci Haina , Wu Xiaosong , Zhang Yingying , Zhang Yanfeng , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe direct growth of graphene on low‐cost soda‐lime glass has attracted widespread attention for its potential to promote the development of high‐value‐added graphene‐based products. For its most promising application as a transparent electrode, a relatively low sheet resistance is highly desired for the derived graphene glass. However, obtaining this result is still a challenge owing to the low catalytic activity of the glass surface, the small domain size of the resultant graphene, and the limited film continuity. Carbon nanotubes (CNT), which have similar structural and electronic properties to those of graphene, have been proposed to bridge/offset the grain boundaries and defects of graphene to improve electron transfer and reduce the sheet resistance. To achieve this, the one‐batch synthesis of highly conductive graphene and multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) hybrid films on soda‐lime glass using a molten‐bed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is designed. The thus‐obtained glass exhibits excellent conductivity, transmittance, and outstanding thermal and chemical stability. This highly conductive hybrid material is then employed as a high‐performance liquid‐crystal‐based switchable window. In short, this work is believed to enhance the versatile applications of highly conductive graphene/MWCNT‐hybrid‐coated glass as well as its mass production, considering its compatibility with current glass production techniques.
Morphology Influence on the Mechanical Stress Response in Bendable Organic Field‐Effect Transistors with Solution‐Processed Semiconductors
Authors: Lai Stefano , Temiño Inés , Cramer Tobias , del Pozo Freddy G. , Fraboni Beatrice , Cosseddu Piero , Bonfiglio Annalisa , Mas‐Torrent Marta 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe influence of semiconductor morphology on the mechanical response of low voltage, flexible organic field‐effect transistors fabricated on plastic substrates is explored. Bar‐assisted meniscus shearing is considered for patterning the organic semiconductor; morphological features of the film are changed by varying the shearing direction. Several devices with two different organic semiconductor coatings are reported. The response of such devices to two kinds of deformation, namely elongation and compression, are investigated. The effect of mechanical stress is also considered. A detailed morphological analysis, including atomic force microscopy and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy, is performed in order to shine a light on the relationship between morphological features and electrical response of the devices. The results demonstrate that not only the response to bending is reliant on the morphological properties of the films but also that it can be tuned according to the bar‐shearing direction. The employment of the proposed approach for the development of devices with different extent of response to mechanical deformation, from bending sensors to strain‐insensitive devices for applications needing electrical stability upon deformation, can be thus foreseen.
Challenges and Recent Progress in the Development of Si Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Jin Yan , Zhu Bin , Lu Zhenda , Liu Nian , Zhu Jia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSilicon, because of its high specific capacity, is intensively pursued as one of the most promising anode material for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. In the past decade, various nanostructures are successfully demonstrated to address major challenges for reversible Si anodes related to pulverization and solid‐electrolyte interphase. However, the electrochemical performance is still limited by challenges that stem from the use of nanomaterials. In this progress report, the focus is on the challenges and recent progress in the development of Si anodes for lithium‐ion battery, including initial Coulombic efficiency, areal capacity, and material cost, which call for more research effort and provide a bright prospect for the widespread applications of silicon anodes in the future lithium‐ion batteries.