bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement invariance of second-order factor model of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) across K-12 principal gender
Authors: Xu Lihua , Wubbena Zane , Stewart Trae 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the factor structure and the measurement invariance of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) across gender of K-12 school principals (n=6,317) in the USA.Design/methodology/approachNine first-order factor models and four second-order factor models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis.FindingsThe results suggested that the nine-factor model provided the best fit for the data. Further examination revealed that most constructs lacked convergent validity and discriminant validity. Second-order factor models were tested and the hierarchical model with two higher order factors (i.e. transformational and transactional leadership) was deemed the best fit and it was then tested for measurement invariance between females and males. The measurement model was found to be invariant across gender. Findings suggested that female school principals demonstrated significantly greater transformational leadership behaviour, while male school principals demonstrated significantly greater transactional leadership behaviour.Originality/valueThis study addressed construct and factor issues previously associated with the MLQ in the measurement of transformational and transactional leadership among a variety of organizations. By using a sample of K-12 school principals across gender, this study has provided support that may ameliorate contextual doubts of transformational leadership behaviour when examining the relational aspects needed to improve schools.
Developing soft skills (also known as pervasive skills)
Authors: Viviers Herman Albertus , Fouché Jacobus Paulus , Reitsma Gerda Marié 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the usefulness of an educational game to develop soft skills (also known as pervasive skills), from the perspectives of three groups of role-players (student participants, student committee members and employer companies). The game was designed to provide students with the opportunity to develop soft skills and to determine whether students applied the pervasive skills required by the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants.

Design/methodology/approach
Action research was conducted according to a parallel convergent mixed-method research design. Both qualitative and quantitative data were gathered using questionnaires and focus group interviews to determine the usefulness of the educational game.

Findings
All three groups perceived the educational game to be effective in requiring students to apply the full spectrum of soft/pervasive skills. Although all the pervasive skills were perceived to be present in the game, teamwork, communication (listening and verbal) and time management skills were perceived to be most prominent, while written communication, professionalism and ethical awareness were found to be less prominent. Overall, this game can be recommended as an effective and innovative teaching method that can positively contribute to the pervasive skills development of accounting students.

Originality/value
The need to deliver well-rounded accounting graduates demonstrating core technical and soft skills (or pervasive skills and competencies) calls for new and innovative teaching methods. Accounting educators and programmes are continuously challenged regarding which methods to apply to meet these outcomes and substantiate their usefulness.
A rhetoric-orientation view of social entrepreneurship
Authors: Chandra Yanto 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to extend the understanding of the ways in which social entrepreneurs give sense to and legitimize their work by introducing a rhetoric-orientation view of social entrepreneurship (SE).

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses computer-aided text analysis and computational linguistics to study 191 interviews of social and business entrepreneurs. It offers validation and exploration of new concepts pertaining to the rhetoric orientations of SE.

Findings
This study confirms prior untested assumptions that the rhetoric of social entrepreneurs is more other, stakeholder engagement and justification-oriented and less self-oriented than the rhetoric of business entrepreneurs. It also confirms that the rhetoric of both types of entrepreneurs is equally economically oriented.

Originality/value
This research makes new contribution to the SE literature by introducing three new orientations, namely, solution, impact and geographical, which reflect distinctive rhetorical themes used by social entrepreneurs, and by revealing that social entrepreneurs use terms associated with other, stakeholder engagement, justification, economic, solution, impact and geographical orientations differently than business entrepreneurs.
The winding road of social entrepreneurship definitions: a systematic literature review
Authors: Conway Dato-on Mary , Kalakay Jerrid 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to understanding social entrepreneurship via a systematic literature review (SLR) of the construct’s varied definitions to assess the means by and the context in which the phenomenon is studied.

Design/methodology/approach
The SLR follows a deliberative, replicable, methodical and transparent process, including a quality assessment tool of definitional sources. SLR results are organized around Gartner’s (1985) framework of new value creation, thus additionally analysing the dimensionality with which social entrepreneurship has been studied. Finally, a qualitative analysis of the definitions reviews commonalities of themes within definitions to assess trends.

Findings
Significant research has been dedicated to defining social entrepreneurship. However, many efforts do not explore the full dimensionality of the concept, as findings reveal that no definition explored the four dimensions of entrepreneurship posited by Gartner (1985). Further, a time-series review of definitions demonstrates limited advancement in definitional development. Geographic location of definition authors and key word analysis challenge previous research on the activation of social entrepreneurship in literature.

Research limitations/implications
Although the SLR was conducted in a controlled manner, this study is time-bound and only reviews English-language publications. While results are analysed using a recognized framework (i.e. Gartner, 1985), other conceptual models are available. Although two researchers independently categorized and analysed definitions, assessment of quality was limited. The results offer an insight into how the conceptualization of social entrepreneurship may be advanced as well as the important role of practitioners in the development of the construct’s theory and practice.

Practical implications
The detailed appraisal of definitions may guide practitioners as they strive to define their own organizational efforts. The multi-dimensional conversation of social entrepreneurship in this study enables the leaders of different organizational types to ensure their social entrepreneurship activities consider all dimensions (i.e. environment, individual, organization and process). The SLR allows the practitioner to further engage in deep discussion on the future of the field by cataloguing their influence on the multi-dimensionality of the social entrepreneurship construct. Organizational leaders may also use the findings to generate more discussion around what is missing from the definitions (i.e. empathy, responsibility, resourcefulness and transparency).

Originality/value
The findings synthesize social entrepreneurship definitions across multi-disciplinary fields and contexts and within a multi-dimensional framework utilizing an infrequently used literature review method within social sciences.
The value matrix: a tool for assessing the future of a business model
Authors: Biloshapka Vladyslav , Osiyevskyy Oleksiy , Meyer Marc 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
Good companies innovate. In the process, they consider target markets, target customers, new product or service offerings, and the positioning of these relative to competitors. This forms a basic strategy for the innovation. However, the lesson of competitive dynamics today is that innovation effort stops short of its ultimate potential if it does not also embrace the business model possibilities provided by the innovation itself. This short article provides a strategic lens for considering the efficacy and power of a business model for a product or service innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
The current paper is grounded in the empirical results of an ongoing longitudinal study (undertaken by the authors team in the U.S., Canada and Ukraine) aimed at exploring the structure, characteristics, evolution, and performance outcomes of organizational business models.

Findings
The business model’s key characteristics are customer value (the “effectiveness side” of the equation, i.e., doing right things for customers that the latters are ready to appreciate and pay for, but not always to the focal firm) and business value (the “efficiency side” of the equation, reflecting translation of the customer value into profit). Importantly, our evidence strongly reveals the dynamic nature of the business model construct, implying that the companies evolve in terms of these two dimensions.

Practical implications
The recommendations part of the article is primarily based on the in-depth analysis of the recent history of large companies that were struggling to: sustain customer value, and develop and apply internal product and production platforms to increase operating efficiency, and hence business value. All these firms had either slipped into or were in the danger of slipping into Impostor status, and were seeking ways to regain and sustain their Innovation advantage, often over newer entrants in their respective industries.

Originality/value
Introduction of the Business Model Value Matrix allowing to analyze the current company’s business model; practical recommendations regarding getting to and remaining in the Winner quadrant
Financial Integration, Growth and Volatility
Authors: Epaulard Anne , Pommeret Aude 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the welfare gains from financial integration for developing and emerging market economies. To do so, we build a stochastic endogenous growth model for a small open economy that can: (i) borrow from the rest of the world; (ii) invest in foreign assets; and (iii) receive foreign direct investment. The model is calibrated on 46 emerging market and developing economies for which we evaluate the upper bound for the welfare gain from financial integration. For plausible values of preference parameters and actual levels of financial integration, the mean welfare gain from financial integration is around 13.5% of initial wealth. Compared with financial autarky, actual levels of financial integration translate into higher annual growth rates.
Insurance of Household Risks and the Rebalancing of the Chinese Economy: Health Insurance, Health Expenses and Household Savings
Authors: Cheung Diana , Laffargue Jean‐Pierre , Padieu Ysaline 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper studies the effects of a public insurance system, the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) on household savings in rural China. We develop a theoretical model in which we explain the impact of health insurance on savings through the impact of health insurance on out‐of‐pocket (OOP) health expense given the household level of wealth and seriousness of illness. We test the model empirically using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We run endogenous and exogenous quantile regressions to evaluate the effects of NCMS participation on the distributions of household savings and OOP health expense. The impact of NCMS varies with the seriousness of illness. The NCMS induces an increase in OOP health expense for mild illness and, inversely, a decrease in health payments for more serious illnesses. The NCMS also leads to a higher incidence of catastrophic healthcare spending. The impact of the NCMS, given a certain state of illness, also varies with the household level of wealth. Poor households face health expense for both mild and serious illnesses. As the NCMS has opposite effects on the OOP expense for these two kinds of illness, we observe no effect on poor households’ precautionary savings. Because the decrease in OOP health expense for mild illness is larger for less poor households, the NCMS induces a decrease in their savings. For the most affluent households, the higher decrease in OOP spending on most moderate illness is dominated by a sharp increase in catastrophic expense, causing an increase in savings. To significantly reduce household savings and enhance household consumption, the NCMS has to offer better coverage against both serious and catastrophic health risks.
Effect of ethnicity on live birth rates after in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment: analysis of UK national database
Authors: Maalouf W , Maalouf W , Campbell B , Jayaprakasan K 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of ethnicity of women on the outcome of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment.DesignObservational cohort study.SettingUK National Database.PopulationData from 2000 to 2010 involving 38 709 women undergoing their first IVF/ICSI cycle were analysed.MethodsAnonymous data were obtained from the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA), the statutory regulator of IVF and ICSI treatment in the UK. Data analysis was performed by regression analysis with adjustment for age, cause and type of infertility and treatment type (IVF or ICSI) to express results as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).MethodsLive birth rate per cycle of IVF or ICSI treatment.ResultsWhile white Irish (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.60–0.90), Indian (0.85; 0.75–0.97), Bangladeshi (0.53: 0.33–0.85), Pakistani (0.68; 0.58–0.80), Black African (0.60; 0.51–0.72), and other non‐Caucasian Asian (0.86; 0.73–0.99) had a significantly lower odds of live birth rates per fresh IVF/ICSI cycle than White British women, ethnic groups of White European (1.04; 0.96–1.13), Chinese (1.12; 0.77–1.64), Black Caribbean (0.76; 0.51–1.13), Middle Eastern (0.73; 0.51–1.04), Mediterranean European (1.18; 0.83–1.70) and Mixed race population (0.94; 0.73–1.19) had live birth rates that did not differ significantly. The cumulative live birth rates showed similar patterns across different ethnic groups.ConclusionEthnicity is a major determinant of IVF/ICSI treatment outcome as indicated by significantly lower live birth rates in some of the ethnic minority groups compared with white British women.Tweetable abstractEthnicity affects IVF outcome with lower live birth rates in some ethnic groups more than in white British.
Testing and recommending methods for fitting size spectra to data
Authors: Edwards Andrew M. , Robinson James P. W. , Plank Michael J. , Baum Julia K. , Blanchard Julia L. 
Published: August 2016

Summary

The size spectrum of an ecological community characterizes how a property, such as abundance or biomass, varies with body size. Size spectra are often used as ecosystem indicators of marine systems. They have been fitted to data from various sources, including groundfish trawl surveys, visual surveys of fish in kelp forests and coral reefs, sediment samples of benthic invertebrates and satellite remote sensing of chlorophyll.

Over the past decades, several methods have been used to fit size spectra to data. We document eight such methods, demonstrating their commonalities and differences. Seven methods use linear regression (of which six require binning of data), while the eighth uses maximum likelihood estimation. We test the accuracy of the methods on simulated data.

We demonstrate that estimated size‐spectrum slopes are not always comparable between the seven regression‐based methods because such methods are not estimating the same parameter. We find that four of the eight tested methods can sometimes give reasonably accurate estimates of the exponent of the individual size distribution (which is related to the slope of the size spectrum). However, sensitivity analyses find that maximum likelihood estimation is the only method that is consistently accurate, and the only one that yields reliable confidence intervals for the exponent.

We therefore recommend the use of maximum likelihood estimation when fitting size spectra. To facilitate this, we provide documented R code for fitting and plotting results. This should provide consistency in future studies and improve the quality of any resulting advice to ecosystem managers. In particular, the calculation of reliable confidence intervals will allow proper consideration of uncertainty when making management decisions.
Multiplex real‐time PCR assay for the detection of three invasive leafminer species: Liriomyza huidobrensis, L. sativae and L. trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
Authors: Sooda Anuradha , Gunawardana Disna , Li Dongmei , Kumarasinghe Lalith 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRapid and precise identification of immature stages of leafminers of the genus Liriomyza Mik associated with imported fresh produce is essential to ensure appropriate biosecurity decisions at the border, in quarantine and post border. The leafminers Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae and Liriomyza trifolii are not present in New Zealand and classified as regulated pests when detected at New Zealand's border. To assist rapid species identification of the immature stages of interceptions, a multiplex real‐time TaqMan PCR assay was developed to identify these three species simultaneously in a single test. Species‐specific primers and probes were designed by amplifying the mitochondrial COI gene of each targeting species, respectively. The multiplex real‐time PCR assay demonstrated high specificity for all three target species and the assay detected DNA quantities as low as 0.1 pg for all species. Linear responses and high correlation coefficients between the amount of DNA and Cq values for each species were also achieved. Therefore, the assay demonstrated its sensitivity and reliability for the identification of these three invasive Liriomyza species.
Anti‐mullerian hormone levels decline with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies
Authors: Vega Mario , Barad David H. , Yu Yao , Darmon Sarah K. , Weghofer Andrea , Kushnir Vitaly A. , Gleicher Norbert 
Published: August 2016

ProblemAutoimmunity is thought to be an important cause of premature ovarian senescence, characterized by abnormal ovarian reserve markers. Anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) has emerged as the most reliable marker for ovarian reserve. We here investigated whether non‐specific immune markers are associated with a low age‐specific AMH.Method of studyTo test the hypothesis that autoimmunity may predispose to low AMH, we investigated in 351 female infertile patients whether panels positive for non‐specific immune tests (antinuclear antibody, antiphospholipid antibodies [APAs], lupus anticoagulant, antithyroid antibodies, and total immunoglobulin levels) are associated with low AMH levels. Analysis of covariance was performed to determine statistical significance of associations.ResultsAge of infertile women was 38.6 ± 5.3 years. A total of 50 women (14.2%) had abnormally elevated levels of one or more APA. Even after age adjustments, the presence of at least one APA was significantly associated with a low AMH (P<.0066). No one specific APA or other immune marker demonstrated an association with AMH.ConclusionsAPAs but no other immune markers appear associated with decreased levels of AMH, supporting the hypothesis that non‐specific autoimmunity may adversely affect ovarian reserve.
Following up infant bronchiolitis patients provided new evidence for and against the united airway disease hypothesis
Authors: Lauhkonen Eero , Koponen Petri , Nuolivirta Kirsi , Helminen Merja , Paassilta Marita , Toikka Jyri , Korppi Matti 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe united airway disease (UAD) hypothesis suggests that allergic rhinitis and asthma develop together. We evaluated the evidence for and against the UAD hypothesis at five to seven years of age after hospitalisation for bronchiolitis at less than six months.MethodsThis study used prospective follow‐up data for 102 children hospitalised for bronchiolitis under the age of six months. We included the presence of previous and current asthma, prolonged rhinitis and skin prick tests (SPT) to common inhaled allergens and lung function by impulse oscillometry (IOS) at five to seven years of age. Bronchial hyper‐reactivity (BHR) was assessed using the exercise challenge test and bronchodilation test.ResultsCurrent asthma, but not previous transient asthma, was associated with prolonged rhinitis and a positive SPT. BHR, which reflected reactive airways, but not lung function, was associated with respiratory allergy, namely the combination of current asthma, prolonged rhinitis and a positive SPT.ConclusionThis post‐bronchiolitis follow‐up study suggested an association between respiratory allergy and reactive airways at five to seven years of age, which supported the UAD hypothesis. However, previous transient asthma and a reduction in lung function reduction did not support the hypothesis.
Perioperative and short‐term outcomes of Retzius‐sparing robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy stratified by gland size
Authors: Santok Glen D.R , Abdel Raheem Ali , Kim Lawrence H. C. , Chang Kidon , Lum Trenton G. H. , Chung Byung H. , Choi Young D. , Rha Koon H. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of preoperative prostate volume (PV) on the perioperative, continence and early oncological outcomes among patients treated with Retzius‐sparing robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RS‐RALP).Patients and MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of 294 patients with organ‐confined prostate cancer treated with RS‐RALP in a high‐volume centre from November 2012 to February 2015. Patients were divided into three groups based on their transrectal ultrasonography estimated PV as follows: group 1, <40 mL (231 patients); group 2, 40–60 mL (47); group 3, >60 mL (16). Perioperative, oncological, and continence outcomes were compared between the three groups.ResultsThe median [interquartile range (IQR)] PV for each group was; 26.1 (22–31) mL, 45.9 (41–50) mL, and 70 (68–85) mL. Blood loss was higher in group 3 compared to groups 2 and 1; at a median (IQR) of 475 (312–575) mL, 200 (150–400) mL, and 250 (150–400) mL, respectively (P = 0.001). The intraoperative transfusion rate was higher in group 3 patients (P = 0.004), while the complication rate did not differ (P = 0.05). The console time was slightly higher but was not statistically significant in group 3 compared to groups 2 and 1; at a mean (sd) of 100 (35) min, 92 (34.4) min, and 93 (24.8) min, respectively (P = 0.70). Biochemical recurrence and the continence rate did not differ between the three groups (P = 0.89 and P = 0.25, respectively).ConclusionRS‐RALP is oncologically and functionally equivalent for all prostate sizes but technically demanding for larger prostates. We therefore recommend that surgeons initiate their RS‐RALP technique with smaller prostates.