bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kit receptor tyrosine kinase dysregulations in feline splenic mast cell tumours
Authors: Sabattini S. , Barzon G. , Giantin M. , Lopparelli R. M. , Dacasto M. , Prata D. , Bettini G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study investigated Kit receptor dysregulations (cytoplasmic immunohistochemical expression and/orc‐KITmutations) in cats affected with splenic mast cell tumours. Twenty‐two cats were included. Median survival time was 780 days (range: 1–1219). An exclusive splenic involvement was significantly (P= 0.042) associated with longer survival (807 versus 120 days). Eighteen tumours (85.7%) showed Kit cytoplasmic expression (Kit pattern 2, 3). Mutation analysis was successful in 20 cases. Fourteen missense mutations were detected in 13 out of 20 tumours (65%). Eleven (78.6%) were located in exon 8, and three (21.6%) in exon 9. No mutations were detected in exons 11 and 17. Seven mutations corresponded to the same internal tandem duplication in exon 8 (c.1245_1256dup). Although the association between Kit cytoplasmic expression and mutations was significant, immunohistochemistry cannot be considered a surrogate marker for mutation analysis. No correlation was observed betweenc‐Kitmutations and tumour differentiation, mitotic activity or survival.
MOBILITY PREDICTION METHOD FOR VEHICULAR NETWORK USING MARKOV CHAIN
Authors: Hasbollah Arfah , H. S. Ariffin Sharifah , Fisal N. 
Published: June 2016

This paper proposes mobility prediction technique via Markov Chains with an input of user’s mobile data traces to predict the user’s movement in wireless network. The main advantage of this method is prediction will give knowledge of user’s movement in advance even in fast moving vehicle. Furthermore, the information from prediction result will be use to assist handover procedure by reserve resource allocation in advance in vehicular network. This algorithm is simple and can be computed within short time; thus the implementation of this technique will give the significant impact especially on higher speed vehicle. Finally, an experiment is performed using real mobile user data traces as input for Markov chain to predict next user movement. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, MATLAB simulations are carried out with several users under same location zone. The results show that the proposed method predicts have good performance which is 30% of mobile users achieved 100% of prediction accuracy.
Phasins, Multifaceted Polyhydroxyalkanoate Granule-Associated Proteins
Authors: Mezzina Mariela P. , Pettinari M. Julia 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Phasins are the major polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granule-associated proteins. They promote bacterial growth and PHA synthesis and affect the number, size, and distribution of the granules. These proteins can be classified in 4 families with distinctive characteristics. Low-resolution structural studies and
in silico
predictions were performed in order to elucidate the structure of different phasins. Most of these proteins share some common structural features, such as a preponderant α-helix composition, the presence of disordered regions that provide flexibility to the protein, and coiled-coil interacting regions that form oligomerization domains. Due to their amphiphilic nature, these proteins play an important structural function, forming an interphase between the hydrophobic content of PHA granules and the hydrophilic cytoplasm content. Phasins have been observed to affect both PHA accumulation and utilization. Apart from their role as granule structural proteins, phasins have a remarkable variety of additional functions. Different phasins have been determined to (i) activate PHA depolymerization, (ii) increase the expression and activity of PHA synthases, (iii) participate in PHA granule segregation, and (iv) have both
in vivo
and
in vitro
chaperone activities. These properties suggest that phasins might play an active role in PHA-related stress protection and fitness enhancement. Due to their granule binding capacity and structural flexibility, several biotechnological applications have been developed using different phasins, increasing the interest in the study of these remarkable proteins.
Approved Antiviral Drugs over the Past 50 Years
Authors: De Clercq Erik , Li Guangdi 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARY
Since the first antiviral drug, idoxuridine, was approved in 1963, 90 antiviral drugs categorized into 13 functional groups have been formally approved for the treatment of the following 9 human infectious diseases: (i) HIV infections (protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, entry inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues), (ii) hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections (lamivudine, interferons, nucleoside analogues, and acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues), (iii) hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections (ribavirin, interferons, NS3/4A protease inhibitors, NS5A inhibitors, and NS5B polymerase inhibitors), (iv) herpesvirus infections (5-substituted 2′-deoxyuridine analogues, entry inhibitors, nucleoside analogues, pyrophosphate analogues, and acyclic guanosine analogues), (v) influenza virus infections (ribavirin, matrix 2 protein inhibitors, RNA polymerase inhibitors, and neuraminidase inhibitors), (vi) human cytomegalovirus infections (acyclic guanosine analogues, acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues, pyrophosphate analogues, and oligonucleotides), (vii) varicella-zoster virus infections (acyclic guanosine analogues, nucleoside analogues, 5-substituted 2′-deoxyuridine analogues, and antibodies), (viii) respiratory syncytial virus infections (ribavirin and antibodies), and (ix) external anogenital warts caused by human papillomavirus infections (imiquimod, sinecatechins, and podofilox). Here, we present for the first time a comprehensive overview of antiviral drugs approved over the past 50 years, shedding light on the development of effective antiviral treatments against current and emerging infectious diseases worldwide.
Comparison of Enzyme Immunoassays for Detection of Antibodies to Hepatitis D Virus in Serum
Authors: Chow Siu-Kei , Atienza Ederlyn E. , Cook Linda , Prince Harry , Slev Patricia , Lapé-Nixon Mary , Jerome Keith R. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Serology remains critical for diagnosing hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection, which affects 15 to 20 million people worldwide, but the literature on characterizing commercial enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) dates back to 15 years ago. We evaluated 2 commercial EIAs currently available for detecting anti-HDV antibodies. The DiaSorin assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity. Using a modified cutoff value, the Cusabio assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 81.3% and specificity of 90.9%. Our data show that recently developed EIAs are reliable for anti-HDV antibody detection.
Unique Inflammatory Mediators and Specific IgE Levels Distinguish Local from Systemic Reactions after Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Vaccination
Authors: Garman Lori , Smith Kenneth , Muns Emily E. , Velte Cathy A. , Spooner Christina E. , Munroe Melissa E. , Farris A. Darise , Nelson Michael R. , Engler Renata J. M. , James Judith A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Although the U.S. National Academy of Sciences concluded that anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) has an adverse event (AE) profile similar to those of other adult vaccines, 30 to 70% of queried AVA vaccinees report AEs. AEs appear to be correlated with certain demographic factors, but the underlying immunologic pathways are poorly understood. We evaluated a cohort of 2,421 AVA vaccinees and found 153 (6.3%) reported an AE. Females were more likely to experience AEs (odds ratio [OR] = 6.0 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 4.2 to 8.7];
P
< 0.0001). Individuals 18 to 29 years of age were less likely to report an AE than individuals aged 30 years or older (OR = 0.31 [95% CI = 0.22 to 0.43];
P
< 0.0001). No significant effects were observed for African, European, Hispanic, American Indian, or Asian ancestry after correcting for age and sex. Additionally, 103 AEs were large local reactions (LLRs), whereas 53 AEs were systemic reactions (SRs). In a subset of our cohort vaccinated 2 to 12 months prior to plasma sample collection (
n
= 75), individuals with LLRs (
n
= 33) had higher protective-antigen (PA)-specific IgE levels than matched, unaffected vaccinated individuals (
n
= 50;
P
< 0.01). Anti-PA IgE was not associated with total plasma IgE, hepatitis B-specific IgE, or anti-PA IgG in individuals who reported an AE or in matched, unaffected AVA-vaccinated individuals. IP-10 was also elevated in sera of individuals who developed LLRs (
P
< 0.05). Individuals reporting SRs had higher levels of systemic inflammation as measured from C-reactive protein (
P
< 0.01). Thus, LLRs and SRs are mediated by distinct pathways. LLRs are associated with a vaccine-specific IgE response and IP-10, whereas SRs demonstrate increased systemic inflammation without a skewed cytokine profile.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Shigella Lipopolysaccharide Are Useful for Vaccine Production
Authors: Lin Jisheng , Smith Mark A. , Benjamin William H. , Kaminski Robert W. , Wenzel Heather , Nahm Moon H. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

There is a significant need for an effective multivalent
Shigella
vaccine that targets the most prevalent serotypes. Most
Shigella
vaccines under development utilize serotype-specific lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a major component based on protection and epidemiological data. As vaccine formulations advance from monovalent to multivalent, assays and reagents need to be developed to accurately and reproducibly quantitate the amount of LPSs from multiple serotypes in the final product. To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from
Shigella flexneri
2a,
Shigella flexneri
3a, and
Shigella sonnei
. We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. It was also demonstrated that the
Shigella
serotype-specific MAbs were useful for bacterial surface staining detected by flow cytometry. These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for
Shigella
. Functional assays, such as the
in vitro
bactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. An
S. flexneri
2a-specific monoclonal antibody killed
S. flexneri
2b isolates, suggesting that
S. flexneri
2a LPS may induce cross-protection against
S. flexneri
2b. Overall, the
Shigella
LPS-specific MAbs described have potential utility to the vaccine development community for assessing multivalent vaccine composition and as a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Infections in Cancer Patients: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Babady N. Esther 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. The differential diagnosis for these patients is often wide, and the timely selection of the right clinical tests can have a significant impact on their survival. However, laboratory findings with current methodologies are often negative, challenging clinicians and laboratorians to continue the search for the responsible pathogen. Novel methodologies are providing increased sensitivity and rapid turnaround time to results but also challenging our interpretation of what is a clinically significant pathogen in cancer patients. This minireview provides an overview of the most common infections in cancer patients and discusses some of the challenges and opportunities for the clinical microbiologist supporting the care of cancer patients.
Catch-up growth and metabolic outcomes in adolescents born preterm
Authors: Embleton Nicholas D , Korada Murthy , Wood Claire L , Pearce Mark S , Swamy Ravi , Cheetham Timothy D 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundAccelerated infant weight gain in individuals born full term is linked to cardiovascular risk in adulthood, but data in those born preterm are inconsistent.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between weight gain in infancy and childhood with later markers of the metabolic syndrome in adolescents who were born preterm.Study designLongitudinal cohort study.SettingChildren born preterm with regular assessments of infant growth had auxology, body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile determined in adolescence.ResultsWe reviewed 153 children (mean gestation 30.8 weeks, median birth weight 1365 g) of whom 102 consented to venepuncture at a median age of 11.5 years. Adolescent height and weight standard deviation scores (SDS) were similar to population averages (0.01±0.92 and 0.3±1.2, respectively) and did not differ between infants when grouped according to degree of catch-up in weight gain in the immediate postdischarge period to 12 weeks of age. There were no significant associations between infant weight gain (change in weight SDS adjusted for length) and later metabolic outcome. However, there were strong associations between more rapid childhood weight gain (after 1 year of age) and subsequent body composition (higher fat mass %, fat mass index and waist circumference) and metabolic markers (higher fasting insulin, blood pressure and lower insulin sensitivity).ConclusionsThe association of rapid weight gain on health is time critical in those born preterm; in early infancy, this does not impact on metabolic status in adolescence, in contrast to rapid weight gain in childhood, which should be discouraged. However, given the critical importance of brain growth in the neonatal period and infancy, further research is needed before strategies that discourage infant weight gain or catch-up can be recommended for infants born preterm.
Effect of high-speed running on hamstring strain injury risk
Authors: Duhig Steven , Shield Anthony J , Opar David , Gabbett Tim J , Ferguson Cameron , Williams Morgan 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundHamstring strain injuries (HSIs) are common within the Australian Football League (AFL) with most occurring during high-speed running (HSR). Therefore, this study investigated possible relationships between mean session running distances, session ratings of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and HSIs within AFL footballers.MethodsGlobal positioning system (GPS)-derived running distances and s-RPE for all matches and training sessions over two AFL seasons were obtained from one AFL team. All HSIs were documented and each player's running distances and s-RPE were standardised to their 2-yearly session average, then compared between injured and uninjured players in the 4 weeks (weeks −1, −2, −3 and −4) preceding each injury.ResultsHigher than ‘typical’ (ie, z=0) HSR session means were associated with a greater likelihood of HSI (week −1: OR=6.44, 95% CI=2.99 to 14.41, p<0.001; summed weeks −1 and −2: OR=3.06, 95% CI=2.03 to 4.75, p<0.001; summed weeks −1, −2 and −3: OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.66 to 3.04, p<0.001; and summed weeks −1, −2, −3 and −4: OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.54 to 2.51, p<0.001). However, trivial differences were observed between injured and uninjured groups for standardised s-RPE, total distance travelled and distances covered whilst accelerating and decelerating. Increasing AFL experience was associated with a decreased HSI risk (OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.97, p=0.02). Furthermore, HSR data modelling indicated that reducing mean distances in week −1 may decrease the probability of HSI.ConclusionsExposing players to large and rapid increases in HSR distances above their 2-yearly session average increased the odds of HSI. However, reducing HSR in week −1 may offset HSI risk.
Effectiveness of physical therapy treatment of clearly defined subacromial pain: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Haik M N , Alburquerque-Sendín F , Moreira R F C , Pires E D , Camargo P R 
Published: June 2016

AimTo summarise the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of physical therapy on pain, function and range of motion in individuals with subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS).DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesPubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, Lilacs, Ibecs and Scielo databases.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating physical therapy modalities for SAPS on pain, function/disability or range of motion were included.Results64 high-quality RCTs were included. Exercise therapy provided high evidence of being as effective as surgery intervention and better than no treatment or placebo treatment to improve pain, function and range of motion in the short, mid and long terms. The combination of mobilisation and exercises provided high evidence to decrease pain and improve function in the short term. There is limited evidence for improvements on the outcomes with the isolated application of manual therapy. High level of evidence was synthesised regarding the lack of beneficial effects of physical resources such as low-level laser, ultrasound and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on pain, function or range of motion in the treatment of SAPS. There is limited evidence for microwave diathermy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. There is moderate evidence to no benefits with taping in the short term. Effects of diacutaneous fibrolysis and acupuncture are not well established yet.ConclusionsExercise therapy should be the first-line treatment to improve pain, function and range of motion. The addition of mobilisations to exercises may accelerate reduction of pain in the short term. Low-level laser therapy, PEMF and taping should not be recommended.
Injuries in world junior ice hockey championships between 2006 and 2015
Authors: Tuominen Markku , Stuart Michael J , Aubry Mark , Kannus Pekka , Parkkari Jari 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundDetailed injury data are not available for international ice hockey tournaments played by junior athletes. We report the incidence, type, mechanism and severity of injuries in males under ages 18 and 20 at junior ice hockey World Championships during 2006–2015.MethodsAll injuries in the International Ice Hockey Federation World Junior under-20 (WJ U20) Championship and under-18 (WJ U18) Championship were collected over a 9-year period using a strict injury definition, a standardised injury reporting system and diagnoses made by a team physician.Results633 injuries were recorded in 1326 games over a 9-year period, resulting in an injury rate (IR) of 11.0 per 1000 player-games and 39.8/1000 player-game hours. The IRs in all tournaments were 4.3/1000 player-games for the head and face, 3.2 for the upper body, 2.6 for the lower body and 1.0 for the spine and trunk. A laceration was the most common injury type followed by a sprain. Lacerations accounted for 80% (IR 3.6) of facial injuries in WJ U20 tournaments. The shoulder was the most common injury site (IR 2.0) in WJ U18 tournaments. Board contact was the mechanism for 59% of these shoulder injuries. Concussion was the most common head and face injury (46%; IR 1.2) in WJ U18 tournaments.Conclusions and recommendationsThe risk of injury among male junior ice hockey players was lower than the reported rates in adult men but higher than that in women. Facial lacerations were common in U20 junior players (WJ U20) since most wear only partial facial protection (visor). The IR for shoulder injuries was high in U18 junior players (WJ U18). Suggested strategies for injury prevention include full facial protection for all players and flexible board and glass for all junior tournaments.
Do glycemic marker levels vary by race? Differing results from a cross-sectional analysis of individuals with and without diagnosed diabetes
Authors: Carson April P , Muntner Paul , Selvin Elizabeth , Carnethon Mercedes R , Li Xuelin , Gross Myron D , Garvey W Timothy , Lewis Cora E 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveIt is well known that A1c varies by race. However, racial differences in other biomarkers of hyperglycemia are less well characterized. The objective of this study was to determine whether average levels of glycemic markers differ by race in adults with and without diagnosed diabetes, before and after accounting for postchallenge glucose.Research design and methodsThis cross-sectional study included 2692 middle-aged men and women (5.5% with diagnosed diabetes; 44% African-American; and 56% white) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (2005–2006) who had fasting glucose, 2-hour postchallenge glucose, A1c, glycated albumin, fructosamine, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) measured. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate racial differences in mean levels of each glycemic marker stratified by the diabetes status and adjusted for sociodemographics, cardiovascular factors, and postchallenge glucose.ResultsAmong those with diagnosed diabetes, racial differences were not observed for any of the glycemic markers. In contrast, among those without diagnosed diabetes, African-Americans had higher mean levels than whites of A1c (β=0.19% points; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.24), glycated albumin (β=0.82% points; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.97), fructosamine (β=8.68 μmol/L; 95% CI 6.68 to 10.68), and 2-hour glucose (β=3.50 mg/dL; 95% CI 0.10 to 6.90) after multivariable adjustment, whereas there were no statistically significant racial difference in 1,5-AG. The racial differences observed for A1c, glycated albumin, and fructosamine persisted after further adjustment for fasting and 2-hour glucose and were of similar magnitude (SD units).ConclusionsRacial differences in glycemic marker levels were evident among middle-aged adults without diagnosed diabetes even after adjustment for postchallenge glucose. Whether these racial differences in biomarkers of hyperglycemia affect the risk of complications warrants additional study.
Dietary flavonoid intake and the risk of stroke: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Tang Zhenyu , Li Min , Zhang Xiaowei , Hou Wenshang 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo clarify and quantify the potential association between intake of flavonoids and risk of stroke.DesignMeta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Data sourceStudies published before January 2016 identified through electronic searches using PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesProspective cohort studies with relative risks and 95% CIs for stroke according to intake of flavonoids (assessed as dietary intake).ResultsThe meta-analysis yielded 11 prospective cohort studies involving 356 627 participants and more than 5154 stroke cases. The pooled estimate of the multivariate relative risk of stroke for the highest compared with the lowest dietary flavonoid intake was 0.89 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.97; p=0.006). Dose-response analysis indicated that the summary relative risk of stroke for an increase of 100 mg flavonoids consumed per day was 0.91 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.08) without heterogeneity among studies (I2=0%). Stratifying by follow-up duration, the relative risk of stroke for flavonoid intake was 0.89 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.99) in studies with more than 10 years of follow-up.ConclusionsResults from this meta-analysis suggest that higher dietary flavonoid intake may moderately lower the risk of stroke.