bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative aqueous humour flare as a surrogate marker for proliferative vitreoretinopathy development
Authors: Mulder Verena C. , van Dijk Elon H.C. , van Meurs Ida A. , La Heij Ellen C. , van Meurs Jan C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeAs some surgical procedures have been shown to increase postoperative flare values and thus contribute to blood‐ocular barrier breakdown, retinal reattachment surgery might influence the risk of developing proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Therefore, we investigated whether postoperative aqueous flare values are a surrogate marker for the development of postoperative PVR.MethodsWe prospectively included 195 patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and measured aqueous laser flare preoperatively, and at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Postoperative PVR was defined as reoperation for redetachment due to PVR membranes, within 6 months of initial surgery. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis determined whether higher postoperative flare values were associated with an increased risk of developing PVR later on.ResultsReoperation for postoperative PVR was needed in 12 (6.2%) patients; in 18 (9.2%), reoperation was not related to PVR. The median flare value for patients who would develop PVR was significantly higher than that of patients who would not develop PVR, both at 2 weeks (p = 0.001) and 6 weeks (p < 0.001) postoperatively. Logistic regression analyses showed that a higher flare value significantly increased the odds of developing PVR, either at 2 weeks [odds ratio (OR) 1.027; 95% CI: 1.010–1.044] or 6 weeks (OR 1.076; 95% CI: 1.038–1.115).ConclusionFlare values both at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively seem a good surrogate marker in terms of sensitivity and specificity for the development of postoperative PVR but have only a modest positive predictive value. The 2‐week value would be more useful in terms of early recognition of high‐risk patients and hence give the possibility to better study effects of treatment methods.
A Serratia marcescens outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit was successfully managed by rapid hospital hygiene interventions and screening
Authors: Åttman Emilia , Korhonen Päivi , Tammela Outi , Vuento Risto , Aittoniemi Janne , Syrjänen Jaana , Mattila Erja , Österblad Monica , Huttunen Reetta 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimSerratia marcescens is a rare, but important, pathogen in hospital‐acquired infections, especially in neonatal units. Outbreaks may cause significant mortality among neonates. This study describes how an outbreak of S. marcescens was handled in a neonatal intensive care unit in Finland in June 2015.MethodsTampere University Hospital is the only hospital that offers intensive care for preterm neonates in the Pirkanmaa health district area in Finland. Between June 9, 2015 and June 29, 2015, seven neonates were screened positive for S. marcescens in the hospital. We examined the management and outcomes, including environmental sampling.ResultsTwo of the seven neonates developed a bloodstream infection, and one with S. marcescens sepsis died after six days of antibiotic treatment. The outbreak was rapidly managed with active hospital hygiene interventions, including strict hand hygiene, cleaning, patient screening, contact precautions and education. Environmental sampling was limited to one water tap and a ventilator, and the results were negative. The outbreak was contained within three weeks, and no further cases appeared. The screening of healthcare workers was not necessary.ConclusionA S. marcescens outbreak caused significant morbidity in neonates and one death. Rapid hospital hygiene interventions and patient screening effectively contained the outbreak.
Editorial: risk stratification for endoscopic surveillance of metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic resection—Authors’ reply
Authors: Kwon Y. , Jeon S. 
Published: October 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Fock and Ang, and Kwon et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14322 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14263.
Functional response of plant assemblages to management practices in road–field boundaries
Authors: Chaudron Clémence , Perronne Rémi , Di Pietro Francesca 
Published: October 2017

AbstractQuestionsManagement practices implemented on road verges are partly established to preserve biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Their evaluation was primarily based on the analysis of the taxonomic structure and composition of communities. What is the relationship between management practices and the functional characteristics of road–field plants within elements?LocationWest‐central France.MethodsWe sampled the berm, the embankment and the field margin of 40 road–field boundaries located in west‐central France, an area where delayed mowing of some berms has been practised since 2009 for biodiversity reasons. We characterized management practices implemented on the different elements, i.e., the frequency and timing of mowing (early summer or late summer), the frequency of herbicide treatment in field margins and the N input rate. We retrieved from databases seven functional traits and types known to be influenced by management practices. To identify relationships between traits or types and environmental variables we first performed partial RLQ analyses to remove any potential confounding effect of the landscape context studied. We then computed fourth‐corner statistics to quantify relationships between traits or types, environmental variables and partial RLQ axes.ResultsLate mowing of the berm promoted nitrophilous species within berms and competitive rather than ruderal species within arable field margins. The frequency of herbicide treatment in field margins promoted broad‐leaf species within this element and, to a lesser extent, within embankments. Finally, the functional characteristics of communities of the three elements were not influenced by the level of N input in field margins.ConclusionsIn our environmental context, managing road verges affected the functional structure of plant assemblages both within them and within their adjacent arable field margins. We suggest a single early mowing of berms as a valuable practice for both conservation purposes and weed risk control in adjacent field margins.
Whole body physiologically based modelling of β‐blockers in the rat: events in tissues and plasma following an i.v. bolus dose
Authors: Cheung S Y A , Rodgers T , Aarons L , Gueorguieva I , Dickinson G L , Murby S , Brown C , Collins B , Rowland M 
Published: October 2017

Background and PurposeWhole body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been increasingly applied in drug development to describe kinetic events of therapeutic agents in animals and humans. The advantage of such modelling is the ability to incorporate vast amounts of physiological information, such as organ blood flow and volume, to ensure that the model is as close to reality as possible.Experimental ApproachPrevious PBPK model development of enantiomers of a series of seven racemic β‐blockers, namely, acebutolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, oxprenolol, pindolol and propranolol, together with S‐timolol in rat was based on tissue and blood concentration data at steady state. Compounds were administered in several cassettes with the composition mix and blood and tissue sampling times determined using a D‐optimal design.Key ResultsClosed‐loop PBPK models were developed initially based on the application of open loop forcing function models to individual tissues and compounds. For the majority of compounds and tissues, distribution kinetics was adequately characterized by perfusion rate‐limited models. For some compounds in the testes and gut, a permeability rate‐limited distribution model was required to best fit the data. Parameter estimates of the tissue‐to‐blood partition coefficient through fitting of individual enantiomers and of racemic pair were generally in agreement and also concur with those from previous steady‐state experiments.Conclusions and ImplicationsPBPK modelling is a very powerful tool to aid drug discovery and development of therapeutic agents in animals and humans. However, careful consideration of the assumptions made during the modelling exercise is essential.
Implementing a family‐inclusive practice model in youth mental health services in Australia
Authors: Poon Abner Weng Cheong , Harvey Carol , Fuzzard Suzanne , O'Hanlon Brendan 
Published: October 2017

AimA brief family‐inclusive practice model, single session family consultation (SSFC), was introduced at 4 youth mental health service sites to determine the extent to which the model could be implemented in this context and its acceptability as a means of engaging families of young people.MethodsWithin an action research paradigm, both quantitative and qualitative measures were used for this implementation project with the former reported here. There were 2 components: (1) evaluation of the experiences of young people and their families and (2) evaluation of the extent of implementation of SSFC. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively (item scores, range and any changes over time).ResultsTwenty practitioners who were trained and supported in the use of SSFC participated in the 6‐month implementation evaluation. In 6 months, 131 SSFC sessions were conducted across the 4 sites and the young people and their families were very satisfied with sessions (overall mean = 5.2, range = 0‐6). Six months post‐training, there were statistically significant improvements in the practitioners’ confidence in providing family interventions (mean improvement = −0.47 (95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.91, −0.04), P = .035) and familiarity with approaches to working with families (mean improvement = −0.61 (95% CI = −1.13, −0.10, P = .023). Practitioners perceived significant improvement in organizational support for working with families.ConclusionsSSFC was acceptable to clients and their families, was adopted by practitioners and was successfully implemented in the participating sites. This suggests that SSFC, when appropriately implemented, is useful to engage families in the treatment of young people facing mental health issues.
Rural household poverty dynamics in the Far‐Western Hills of Nepal: empirical evidence from panel data
Authors: Joshi Niraj Prakash , Piya Luni , Maharjan Keshav Lall 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn understanding of the dynamics of persistent poverty that is not static, contrary to its portrayal in the literature, is important for policy‐makers. We therefore performed multinomial logistic regression and binary logistic regression on panel data to capture rural poverty dynamics in Nepal's Far‐Western Hills. The former revealed that the risk of experiencing chronic poverty was significantly higher for households in the more remote village development committee of Melauli, those headed by women or older men with less education, and those with higher dependency ratios and lower participation levels in community‐based organisations. The latter, entailing disaggregation of transient poverty, revealed a higher risk of moving into poverty for members of occupational castes (OCs) and housevholds in Melauli because of their limited socioeconomic assets. The occurrence of natural disasters also increased households’ risks of moving into poverty. Conversely, more years of schooling among household heads facilitated movements out of poverty. Thus, poverty reduction programmes focusing on relatively remote villages and OCs that promote educational access and employment generation are necessary to address chronic and transient poverty. Further, the introduction of temporary relief programmes following natural disasters, and of insurance schemes for covering associated losses, will alleviate transient poverty.
A novel method for preparing dense diffusion barrier limiting current oxygen sensor
Authors: Liu Tao , Jin Hongbin , Li Lin , Yu Jingkun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA novel method for preparation of a dense diffusion barrier limiting current oxygen sensor is presented. The dense thin‐layer with the nominal composition Sr‐, Mg‐ and Fe‐doped lanthanum gallate (LSGMF) was prepared over La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3–δ (LSGM) electrolyte by a thermal diffusion method. The crystal structure, morphology, elemental distribution, conductivity, and sensing performance of the prepared sample were investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows a highly crystalline perovskite. SEM‐EDS analysis shows that the dense thin‐layer with about 40 μm thickness is well attached to the solid electrolyte. Electrical conductivity measurement shows that the dense thin‐layer has high conductivity of 8.73 S·cm−1 at 800°C. The oxygen sensor exhibits good sensing performance. The variations of the limiting current (IL) vs oxygen content (x(O2)) can be obtained as follows:

urn:x-wiley:00027820:media:jace15302:jace15302-math-0001
Determinants and consequences of timely asset impairments during the financial crisis
Authors: Gunn Joshua L. , Khurana Inder K. , Stein Sarah E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractU.S. firms recorded an unprecedented number of asset impairments during the recent financial crisis. We investigate the timing of these losses in the context of two competing views on how firms use discretion over asset impairments. The first view posits that firms record impairments to convey private information as part of their commitment to a conditionally conservative reporting strategy. The second view argues that firms use their discretion to report opportunistically by delaying the recording of bad news. Consistent with the first view, we find that firms recorded timelier asset impairments during the financial crisis if they reported more conservatively in the five years preceding the crisis. Further tests show this relation is greater for firms with strong corporate governance, industry‐specialist auditors, and high leverage, indicating the importance of monitoring mechanisms in determining how firms handle the discretion involved in impairment decisions. We also test for the consequences of timely asset impairments during the financial crisis and find that firms reporting conservatively both before and during the crisis were able to acquire more debt financing, and their publicly traded bonds suffered smaller increases in illiquidity. Collectively, our study highlights the role of asset impairments in firms’ accounting choices over time.
Hypertensive target organ damage is better associated with central than brachial blood pressure: The Northern Shanghai Study
Authors: Chi Chen , Yu Xuejing , Auckle Ranshaka , Lu Yuyan , Fan Ximin , Yu Shikai , Xiong Jing , Bai Bin , Teliewubai Jiadela , Zhou Yiwu , Ji Hongwei , Li Jue , Zhang Yi , Xu Yawei 
Published: October 2017

To compare central and brachial blood pressure (BP) in the association of target organ damage (TOD) in a community‐based elderly population, 1599 (aged 71.4 ± 6.1 years) participants in northern Shanghai were recruited. TOD included left ventricular hypertrophy (n = 1556), left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (n = 1524), carotid plaque (n = 1558), arteriosclerosis (n = 1485), and microalbuminuria (n = 1516). Both central and brachial BP significantly correlated with TOD. In full‐model regression, central BP was significantly associated with all TOD (P ≤ .04), whereas brachial BP was only significantly associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and arteriosclerosis (P ≤ .01). Similarly, in stepwise regression, central BP was significantly associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, arteriosclerosis, and microalbuminuria (P ≤ .04), while brachial BP was not associated with any TOD. Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that central BP identified arteriosclerosis and microalbuminuria better than brachial BP (P ≤ .01). In conclusion, central BP showed superiority over brachial BP in the association of hypertensive TOD in a community‐based elderly population.
High‐risk respiratory patients' experiences of bronchoscopy with conscious sedation and analgesia: A qualitative study
Authors: Saxon Catherine , Fulbrook Paul , Fong Kwun M. , Ski Chantal F 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesTo understand the experiences of high‐risk respiratory patients undergoing bronchoscopy with conscious sedation.BackgroundDue to possible complications, high‐risk respiratory patients are usually given smaller, cautious doses of sedation and analgesia for bronchoscopy. Described as “conscious sedation,” this facilitates depression of the patient's consciousness without causing respiratory compromise. Previously, studies have investigated patient experience using quantitative methods. This is the first study that has explored the patient experience during bronchoscopy from a qualitative perspective.DesignQualitative, phenomenological approach as described by Van Manen.MethodsThe setting was an endoscopy unit within an Australian tertiary hospital. Unstructured interviews were conducted with 13 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who underwent day‐case bronchoscopy. All participants received conscious sedation. They were interviewed twice, within a week, postprocedure. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Van Manen's interpretive approach.FindingsParticipants had varying experiences. Five themes emerged from the analysis: Frustration and fear; Comfort and safety; Choking and coughing; Being aware; and Consequences. Whilst not all participants experienced procedural awareness or remembered it, for those who did it was a significant event. Overall, experiences were found to be negative; however, participants accepted and tolerated them, perceiving them as necessary to obtain a diagnostic result.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that often patients are aware during the procedure and their experience may be uncomfortable and distressing.Relevance to clinical practiceThese findings have implications for patient preparation pre‐ and post‐bronchoscopy in terms of what they might expect, and to discuss what has happened after the procedure. Some practices of the bronchoscopy team during the procedure may need modification. For example, in anticipation of the possibility that the patient may be aware, healthcare professionals should provide patient‐focused explanations of what is happening during the procedure, as well as providing ongoing reassurance that everything is going as planned.
Impact of Removable Partial Dental Prostheses on the Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life of a South African Cohort with Varied Distributions of Missing Posterior Teeth
Authors: Khan Sadika , Chikte Usuf , Omar Ridwaan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeTo determine the impact of removable partial dental prostheses on satisfying the daily functioning and quality of life (QoL) of adult patients with different distributions of missing posterior teeth.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional interventional study was carried out on 80 patients having variously distributed posteriorly shortened and interrupted arches. Treatment comprised provision of partial dentures by senior dental students, supervised by senior clinical teachers who had knowledge of the potential benefits of the shortened dental arch (SDA) concept. The Oral Impacts on Daily Performance Index was completed before and 6 months after prosthetic treatment across groups comprising Kennedy Classes I, II, and III arches. Analysis included descriptive statistics and associations and comparisons between variables.ResultsMean age of patients was 57.4 years (SD = 13.1), many were retired (72.2%), and a majority were females (60%). Most patients lived in urban areas (95%), and were largely unemployed (63.3%). At pretreatment, only 31.3% of patients reported having good dental health and satisfaction with their current oral state, while 82.5% said they had a great need for treatment. The negative oral impacts that were most frequently experienced were those of eating (67.5%), smiling (50%), and being emotionally disturbed (63.8%). Post‐treatment, 76.3% indicated good oral health and satisfaction with no significant differences between the 3 Kennedy groups. Any further negative impacts were reported mostly for Kennedy Classes I and II.ConclusionsOverall, significant reductions of negative impacts were observed following treatment with dentures, across the 3 Kennedy groups, with respect to improved function, satisfaction, and oral health‐related QoL. The findings confirm the reliance by partially dentate patients in all 3 Kennedy groups on dentures for improved oral health, although the possible benefits of the SDA concept as an alternative treatment option was not specifically explored.
The Self‐Generative Mind in Education: Review and Future Directions
Authors: Ergas Oren , Berkovich‐Ohana Aviva 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTSince the turn of the millennium, there has been a surge of interest in diverse forms of spontaneous thinking, such as mind‐wandering, and their associated brain networks. Studies demonstrate the pervasiveness of these phenomena as well as their effects on education‐relevant domains such as academic skills, well‐being, creativity, executive functions, and socioemotional competencies. Based on a neurophenomenological approach and drawing on cognitive and neuroscience research, this article reviews this field and develops a framework for understanding deliberate and nondeliberate states of students' minds in the classroom and their associated brain circuitry. Different approaches to these states are examined from an educational perspective and ways in which this discourse can further be developed are suggested.
Image noise reduction technology allows significant reduction of radiation dosage in cardiac device implantation procedures
Authors: Hoffmann Rainer , Langenbrink Lukas , Reimann Doris , Kastrati Mirlind , Becker Michael , Piatkowski Michal , Michaelsen Jochen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundNovel x‐ray systems with real‐time image noise reduction technology (INRT) to reduce radiation dose during fluoroscopy and cine acquisition have become available. This study evaluated the reduction of radiation dose in device implantation with INRT.MethodsRadiation dose data from 132 consecutive new device implantation procedures (102 pacemaker [PM] or implantable cardioverter defibrillator [ICD] and 30 cardiac resynchronization therapy [CRT] devices) performed between January 2015 and December 2015 on an angiography system with INRT (Allura ClarityIQ) were collected. For comparison, radiation dose data from 147 consecutive device implantation procedures (121 PM/ICDs and 26 CRT devices) performed between June 2013 and September 2014 on a C‐arm system with continuous and pulsed fluoroscopy option (4 frames/second) were evaluated. Total dose area product (DAP), fluoroscopy DAP, and cine DAP were evaluated.ResultsPatient age, gender and body weight, procedure, and fluoroscopy times were similar between systems. In PM/ICD cases, DAP of INRT and C‐arm system was similar (423 ± 381 cGycm2 vs 417 ± 517 cGycm) due to pulsed fluoroscopy with the C‐arm system (78% of time) and sparse use of cine. In CRT procedures requiring higher image quality (82% use of continuous fluoroscopy with C‐arm system), DAP of INRT was significantly lower (1,544 ± 834 cGycm vs 7,252 ± 6,431 cGycm, P < 0.001) due to less fluoroscopy DAP (1,414 ± 757 cGycm vs 5,854 ± 6,767 cGycm) and less cine DAP (130 ± 106 cGycm vs 1,399 ± 1,342 cGycm). Considering all procedures, total DAP was reduced by 60% using INRT.ConclusionNovel INRT results in a substantial lowering of radiation dose in device implantation, in particular, in complex CRT implantation procedures requiring high image quality.