bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Deal With Anterior Knee Pain in the Active Young Patient
Authors: Sanchis-Alfonso Vicente , Dye Scott F. 
Published: December 2016

Context: Anterior knee pain (AKP) represents the most common reason to consult with a clinician who specializes in the knee. Despite the high incidence of the disorder, however, its etiology is still controversial. Many unnecessary surgeries that may damage the patient are done for this clinical entity. Evidence Acquisition: A PubMed search from 1995 through June 2016. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: The etiology of AKP is multifactorial, and patients with AKP may therefore be divided into several subpopulations. The whole picture must be addressed for each patient to identify all potentially modifiable factors and to achieve better outcomes. Both pelvifemoral dysfunction and psychological factors that may affect the development and symptoms of AKP must be considered to identify therapeutic targets within the context of treatment. Patients presenting with AKP frequently respond well to load restriction that protects their knee and reduces pain during rehabilitation. Surgery should only be considered in very select cases. In a patient who has undergone previous patellar realignment surgery and experienced increased pain, iatrogenic medial patellar instability should be considered. Conclusions: The etiology of AKP is multifactorial, and several subpopulations of AKP patients exist and their treatment must be personalized. Normally, the focus is on the knee of a patient with AKP, and only that joint is examined. However, that focus can lead to overlooking other important etiological factors that may be present.
Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a high-risk subtype in adults
Authors: Jain Nitin , Roberts Kathryn G. , Jabbour Elias , Patel Keyur , Eterovic Agda Karina , Chen Ken , Zweidler-McKay Patrick , Lu Xinyan , Fawcett Gloria , Wang Sa A. , Konoplev Sergej , Harvey Richard C. , Chen I-Ming , Payne-Turner Debbie , Valentine Marcus , Thomas Deborah , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Ravandi Farhad , Cortes Jorge , Kornblau Steven , O’Brien Susan , Pierce Sherry , Jorgensen Jeffrey , Shaw Kenna R. Mills , Willman Cheryl L. , Mullighan Charles G. , Kantarjian Hagop , Konopleva Marina 
Published: December 2016

Key Points
Approximately 20% to 25% of adults with B-ALL have Ph-like ALL with increased frequency of Ph-like ALL in adults with Hispanic ethnicity. Adult patients with CRLF2+ ALL have poor long-term outcomes; novel strategies are needed to improve the outcomes.
Comparison of different statistical approaches for urinary peptide biomarker detection in the context of coronary artery disease
Authors: Stanley Eleanor , Delatola Eleni Ioanna , Nkuipou-Kenfack Esther , Spooner William , Kolch Walter , Schanstra Joost P. , Mischak Harald , Koeck Thomas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundWhen combined with a clinical outcome variable, the size, complexity and nature of mass-spectrometry proteomics data impose great statistical challenges in the discovery of potential disease-associated biomarkers. The purpose of this study was thus to evaluate the effectiveness of different statistical methods applied for urinary proteomic biomarker discovery and different methods of classifier modelling in respect of the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in 197 study subjects and the prognostication of acute coronary syndromes in 368 study subjects.ResultsComputing the discovery sub-cohorts comprising$$ {\scriptscriptstyle \raisebox{1ex}{$2$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$3$}\right.} $$23of the study subjects based on the Wilcoxon rank sum test, t-score, cat-score, binary discriminant analysis and random forests provided largely different numbers (ranging from 2 to 398) of potential peptide biomarkers. Moreover, these biomarker patterns showed very little overlap limited to fragments of type I and III collagens as the common denominator. However, these differences in biomarker patterns did mostly not translate into significant differently performing diagnostic or prognostic classifiers modelled by support vector machine, diagonal discriminant analysis, linear discriminant analysis, binary discriminant analysis and random forest. This was even true when different biomarker patterns were combined into master-patterns.ConclusionIn conclusion, our study revealed a very considerable dependence of peptide biomarker discovery on statistical computing of urinary peptide profiles while the observed diagnostic and/or prognostic reliability of classifiers was widely independent of the modelling approach. This may however be due to the limited statistical power in classifier testing. Nonetheless, our study showed that urinary proteome analysis has the potential to provide valuable biomarkers for coronary artery disease mirroring especially alterations in the extracellular matrix. It further showed that for a comprehensive discovery of biomarkers and thus of pathological information, the results of different statistical methods may best be combined into a master pattern that then can be used for classifier modelling.
Integrating mean and variance heterogeneities to identify differentially expressed genes
Authors: Ouyang Weiwei , An Qiang , Zhao Jinying , Qin Huaizhen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn functional genomics studies, tests on mean heterogeneity have been widely employed to identify differentially expressed genes with distinct mean expression levels under different experimental conditions. Variance heterogeneity (aka, the difference between condition-specific variances) of gene expression levels is simply neglected or calibrated for as an impediment. The mean heterogeneity in the expression level of a gene reflects one aspect of its distribution alteration; and variance heterogeneity induced by condition change may reflect another aspect. Change in condition may alter both mean and some higher-order characteristics of the distributions of expression levels of susceptible genes.ResultsIn this report, we put forth a conception of mean-variance differentially expressed (MVDE) genes, whose expression means and variances are sensitive to the change in experimental condition. We mathematically proved the null independence of existent mean heterogeneity tests and variance heterogeneity tests. Based on the independence, we proposed an integrative mean-variance test (IMVT) to combine gene-wise mean heterogeneity and variance heterogeneity induced by condition change. The IMVT outperformed its competitors under comprehensive simulations of normality and Laplace settings. For moderate samples, the IMVT well controlled type I error rates, and so did existent mean heterogeneity test (i.e., the Welch t test (WT), the moderated Welch t test (MWT)) and the procedure of separate tests on mean and variance heterogeneities (SMVT), but the likelihood ratio test (LRT) severely inflated type I error rates. In presence of variance heterogeneity, the IMVT appeared noticeably more powerful than all the valid mean heterogeneity tests. Application to the gene profiles of peripheral circulating B raised solid evidence of informative variance heterogeneity. After adjusting for background data structure, the IMVT replicated previous discoveries and identified novel experiment-wide significant MVDE genes.ConclusionsOur results indicate tremendous potential gain of integrating informative variance heterogeneity after adjusting for global confounders and background data structure. The proposed informative integration test better summarizes the impacts of condition change on expression distributions of susceptible genes than do the existent competitors. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to explicitly exploit the variance heterogeneity induced by condition change in functional genomics analysis.
Inclusion Body Myositis
Authors: Greenberg Steven A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is an enigmatic progressive disease of skeletal muscle. This review provides a summary of the clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of IBM.

Recent Findings: The development of diagnostic blood testing for IBM followed from the discovery of a B-cell pathway in IBM muscle and circulating autoantibodies against NT5C1A, further establishing IBM’s status as an autoimmune disease. The key role of cytotoxic T cells in IBM is further supported by the identification of a link between IBM and T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia. The testing of research diagnostic criteria in patients is improving its accuracy. Increases in estimated prevalences may be due to a combination of true increases and improved recognition of disease.

Summary: IBM has high unmet medical need. Advances in the mechanistic understanding of IBM as an autoimmune disease will drive effective therapeutic approaches. The identification of a B-cell pathway has resulted in the first identification of an IBM autoantigen and emphasized its status as an autoimmune disease. The recognition that large granular lymphocyte CD8+ T-cell expansions are present in both blood and muscle provides additional biomarkers for IBM and suggests a mechanistic relationship to the neoplastic disease T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia.
The Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies and the Dystrophinopathies
Authors: Iyadurai Stanley Jones P. , Kissel John T. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: The classic approach to identifying and accurately diagnosing limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) relied heavily on phenotypic characterization and ancillary studies including muscle biopsy. Because of rapid advances in genetic sequencing methodologies, several additional LGMDs have been molecularly characterized, and the diagnostic approach to these disorders has been simplified. This article summarizes the epidemiology, clinical features, and genetic defects underlying the LGMDs.

Recent Findings: In recent years, the advent of next-generation sequencing has heralded an era of molecular diagnosis in conjunction with physical characterization. Inadvertently, this process has also led to the “next-generation aftermath,” whereby variants of unknown significance are identified in most patients. Similar to the published diagnostic and treatment guidelines for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, diagnostic and treatment guidelines have recently been published for LGMDs. In addition, the first medication (based on the exon-skipping strategy) for treatment of patients with a subset of Duchenne muscular dystrophy has been recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Summary: The LGMDs are a heterogeneous group of hereditary, progressive, and degenerative neuromuscular disorders that present with primary symptoms of shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle weakness. Although a combination of clinical and molecular genetic evaluations may be sufficient for accurate diagnosis of LGMDs in many cases, the contribution of imaging and histopathologic correlations still remains a critical, if not a necessary, component of evaluation in some cases.
Toxic and Endocrine Myopathies
Authors: Katzberg Hans D. , Kassardjian Charles D. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article discusses the clinical features, pathophysiology, and management of toxic and endocrine myopathies.

Recent Findings: Early detection and expeditious correction of metabolic disturbances in endocrinopathies such as Cushing syndrome, thyroid and parathyroid diseases, and acromegaly can minimize and prevent neurologic complications including myopathy. Recently proposed mechanisms of injury in patients with critical illness myopathy include inhibition of protein synthesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, oxidative stress, and disruption of intramuscular calcium homeostasis, which can cause a myosin-loss myopathy. Mechanisms underlying toxic myopathies include myosin loss; damage to cellular structures, including myofibrils and organelles such as lysosomes and mitochondria; inflammation; and necrosis. Presentations range anywhere from acute, painful, and necrotic myopathies, as can occur in statin myopathy, to more insidious presentations such as steroid myopathy.

Summary: Endocrinopathies known to cause myopathy include thyroid and parathyroid diseases, disorders of the adrenal axis such as Cushing syndrome, and acromegaly. Patients in the intensive care unit are at risk for developing critical illness myopathy, also known as myosin-loss myopathy, which should be considered if intensive care unit acquired weakness develops. The most common toxic agents associated with myopathy include statins and other lipid-lowering medications, corticosteroids, colchicine, amiodarone, hydroxychloroquine, and chloroquine.
The Dystrophic and Nondystrophic Myotonias
Authors: Sansone Valeria A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article describes clinical and electrical myotonia and provides an update on the classification, diagnosis, and management of myotonic disorders.

Recent Findings: In the myotonic dystrophies, antisense oligonucleotides provide a general strategy to correct RNA gain of function and modulate the expression of CTG expanded repeats; they are currently being tested in a phase 1-2 randomized controlled trial in patients with adult-onset myotonic dystrophy type 1. New genetic mutations are continuously being identified in the nondystrophic myotonias involving sodium and chloride channels. This contributes to the difficulty in describing genotype-phenotype correlations as the same mutations can give rise to different phenotypes, and the same phenotypes can arise from different mutations. Pharmacologic therapy is moving toward mutation-targeted treatments.

Summary: This article describes the clinical and diagnostic characteristics and management of the myotonic dystrophies and the nondystrophic myotonias. Clinical features of the congenital, juvenile, and classic adult forms of myotonic dystrophy type 1 are reviewed, and for the adult form, reference is made to the main diagnostic and follow-up tests for which general consensus exists. The different clinical presentations of myotonic dystrophy type 2 and its main differential diagnostic options are also discussed. The clinical spectrum of the sodium and chloride channelopathies is described, and clinical diagnostic clues to differentiate between these two groups are provided. Therapeutic options for patients with nondystrophic myotonias are also presented with reference to literature review and the author’s personal experience.
The impact of stress on acute wound healing
Authors: Brown Julie 
Published: December 2016

Within the literature there is an accumulating body of evidence to suggest that psychological stress may have a negative impact on wound healing. This article examines the psychoneuroimmulogy theory associated with stress and acute wound healing with reference to caring for patients with surgical wounds.The evidence reviewed in this article highlights the value of understanding individual patient need for reducing stress pre and post operatively to benefit the healing process.
Hydro-responsive wound dressings simplify T.I.M.E. wound management framework
Authors: Ousey Karen , Rogers Alan A , Rippon Mark G 
Published: December 2016

The development of wound management protocols and guidelines such as the T.I.M.E. acronym are useful tools to aid wound care practitioners deliver effective wound care. The tissue, infection/inflammation, moisture balance and edge of wound (T.I.M.E.) framework provides a systematic approach for the assessment and management of the majority of acute and chronic wounds. The debridement of devitalised tissue from the wound bed, the reduction in wound bioburden and effective management of wound exudate – i.e., wound bed preparation – are barriers to wound healing progression that are targeted by T.I.M.E. There are a large number of wound dressings available to experienced wound care practitioners to aid in their goal of healing wounds. Despite the systematic approach of T.I.M.E., the large number of wound dressings available can introduce a level of confusion when dressing choices need to be made. Any simplification in dressing choice, for example by choosing a dressing system comprising of a limited number of dressings that are able to address all aspects of T.I.M.E., would be a valuable resource for delivering effective wound care. This article briefly reviews the principles of T.I.M.E. and describes the evidence for the use of a two-dressing, moisture balance-oriented, dressing-based wound management system
Teaching the form-function mapping of German ‘prefield’ elements using Concept-Based Instruction
Authors: Fehrmann Ingo 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Empirical findings in Second Language Acquisition suggest that the basic structure of German declarative sentences, described in terms of topological fields, poses certain challenges to learners of German as a foreign language. The problem of multiple prefield elements, resulting in ungrammatical verb-third sentences, figures most prominently in the literature. While the so-called V2 constraint is usually treated as a purely formal feature of German syntax both in the empirical as well as in the pedagogical literature, the present paper adopts a usage-based perspective, viewing language as an inventory of form-function mappings. Basic functions of prefield elements have already been identified in research on textual grammar and information structure. This paper presents results from a pilot study with Japanese elementary learners of German as a foreign language, where the form-function mapping of German prefield elements was explicitly taught following the guidelines of an approach called Concept-Based Instruction. The findings indicate that, with a focus on the function-function mapping, it is in fact possible to explicitly teach these rather abstract regularities of German to beginning learners. The participants’ language production exhibits a prefield variation pattern similar to that of L1 German speakers; at the same time the learners produce very few ungrammatical verb-third sentences.
Conceptual motivation as a tool for raising language awareness in the English as a foreign language classroom – Does it enhance learning outcomes? Insights from an empirical study
Authors: Kohl-Dietrich Dorothee , Juchem-Grundmann Constanze , Schnotz Wolfgang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper presents the results of an empirical study on phrasal verbs with to come, to give, to go, to get, and to take and up, down, out as complements. Presuming that in many instances the overall meaning of PVs cannot be adequately inferred from the senses of their constituent parts (e.g., to make up for ⇒ to compensate), it is hypothesized that raising awareness for the underlying conceptual motivation of the verbs and the particles helps learners study PVs more efficiently.
A quasi-experimental field study including a pre-/post-test design with both an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG) was conducted in an authentic secondary school context in Germany. The participants were higher track ninth graders with L1 German. The corpus of PVs, the time of instruction (3 × 45 minutes) and the text material the students worked with were identical over both groups. Yet, only in the EG the students worked on the conceptual motivations of PVs. Different theoretical strands were used as a resource to develop CL-inspired teaching material (Mahpeykar and Tyler 2014; Rudzka-Ostyn 2003; Tyler and Evans 2003). The studies investigated a) the effect of CL-methods on retention and b) the transfer of CL insights to novel PVs.
With regard to retention, the study could not statistically prove an advantage for the EG. However, statistical evidence was found that the EG outperformed the CG significantly on transfer ( p < .05).
A lexical-semantic analysis of the English prepositions at, on and in and their conceptual mapping onto Arabic
Authors: Almuoseb Anwar 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The study in question focuses on the core and the peripheral senses of the English prepositions at, on and in as well as on their mappings onto Arabic. The observations and the suggestions are built on a comparison of the performance of Arabian ESL learners to Japanese and Spanish ESL learners and aim at enabling an insight into some of the language problems typically encountered by SL learners, particularly focussing on the question whether the problems are inter-lingual or intra-lingual. The data analysis is based upon the use of a repeated measures ANOVA test. Particular attention is given to the types of error produced by the participants in each language group by looking at questions such as whether the core meaning or the peripheral meaning is more difficult, which preposition is the most challenging one for the test participants, and how images might assist test participants in choosing the correct preposition. The deviation between the ESL learners’ performance when using the prepositions in question is explained in relation to cognitive semantics and second language acquisition theories. The main source of difficulties seems to be attributable to the polysemy, the idiomaticity and the diversity in the usage of these prepositions in English. Potential pedagogical benefits of the test results are discussed as well.
Zum Verhältnis von Musik und Sprache in der griechischen Antike
Authors: Elvers Paul 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In this paper I discuss the relationship of music and language as it was conceived in Greek antiquity. More specifically, I focus on central passages from the corpora of Plato and Aristotle that are concerned with the theory of the arts. I claim that under the notion of μουσική (mousiké) both Aristotle and Plato understood language and music as two modalities of the same kind of artistic (or »aesthetic«) communication. Both modalities typically appear combined, as in the case of song or drama, serving as two different means to achieve a common goal: the accurate depiction of affections, as well as the appropriate elicitation of these in the perceiver. This implies that typically both modalities are interdependent and complementing each other. Further, subsuming both language and music under the notion of μουσική supports the idea of shared resources and foundations between the two modalities, which is a necessary prerequisite for any musical rhetoric. Although the notion of musical rhetoric in antiquity did not exist as such, the intimate relationship of music and language laid ground and served as an important point of reference for later scholars, who worked towards elaborated forms of a musical rhetoric.
Musik und Rhetorik im frühneuzeitlichen Frankreich – Diskussionsstand und Forschungsperspektiven
Authors: Grassl Markus 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The article provides a critical survey of the musicological literature on the relationship between rhetoric and music in early modern France. During the recent decades the topic aroused increasing interest in musical scholarship, especially regarding the repertory of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Yet, the pertaining studies largely adopt methodologies which have been developed within German musicology in regard to primarily German Baroque music. This approach which aims to discern formal structures analogous to the rhetorical dispositio and to discern musico-rhetorical figures faces several problems when applied to French music. In contrast, the relation between rhetoric and music, as far as it is made concrete in the contemporary theoretical discourse, relates to a complex of rhythmic phenomena (the so-called mouvement) and the basically declamatory nature of (vocal) music. Furthermore, several recent studies have began to uncover how rhetorical concepts and ideas informed aesthetic stances and notes related to music on a more general level and in an often implicit way.