bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification and Characterization of UVB-Induced Mitochondrial Fragmentation in Normal Primary Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Jugé Romain , Breugnot Josselin , Da Silva Célia , Bordes Sylvie , Closs Brigitte , Aouacheria Abdel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUV irradiation is a major environmental factor causing skin dryness, aging and cancer. UVB in particular triggers cumulative DNA damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The objective of our study was to provide both qualitative and quantitative analysis of how mitochondria respond to UVB irradiation in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) of healthy donors, with the rationale that monitoring mitochondrial shape will give an indication of cell population fitness and enable the screening of bioactive agents with UVB-protective properties. Our results show that NHEK undergo dose-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation after exposure to UVB. In order to obtain a quantitative measure of this phenomenon, we implemented a novel tool for automated quantification of mitochondrial morphology in live cells based on confocal microscopy and computational calculations of mitochondrial shape descriptors. This method was used to substantiate the effects on mitochondrial morphology of UVB irradiation and of knocking-down the mitochondrial fission-mediating GTPase Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). Our data further indicate that all the major mitochondrial dynamic proteins are expressed in NHEK but that their level changes were stronger after mitochondrial uncoupler treatment than following UVB irradiation or DRP1 knock-down. Our system and procedures might be of interest for the identification of cosmetic or dermatologic UVB-protective agents.
Influence of molecular designs on polaronic and vibrational transitions in a conjugated push-pull copolymer
Authors: Cobet Christoph , Gasiorowski Jacek , Menon Reghu , Hingerl Kurt , Schlager Stefanie , White Matthew S. , Neugebauer Helmut , Sariciftci N. Serdar , Stadler Philipp 
Published: October 2016

AbstractElectron-phonon interactions of free charge-carriers in doped pi-conjugated polymers are conceptually described by 1-dimensional (1D) delocalization. Thereby, polaronic transitions fit the 1D-Froehlich model in quasi-confined chains. However, recent developments in conjugated polymers have diversified the backbones to become elaborate heterocylcic macromolecules. Their complexity makes it difficult to investigate the electron-phonon coupling. In this work we resolve the electron-phonon interactions in the ground and doped state in a complex push-pull polymer. We focus on the polaronic transitions using in-situ spectroscopy to work out the differences between single-unit and push-pull systems to obtain the desired structural- electronic correlations in the doped state. We apply the classic 1D-Froehlich model to generate optical model fits. Interestingly, we find the 1D-approach in push-pull polarons in agreement to the model, pointing at the strong 1D-character and plain electronic structure of the push-pull structure. In contrast, polarons in the single-unit polymer emerge to a multi- dimensional problem difficult to resolve due to their anisotropy. Thus, we report an enhancement of the 1D-character by the push-pull concept in the doped state - an important view in light of the main purpose of push-pull polymers for photovoltaic devices.
mTOR independent regulation of macroautophagy by Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 via Beclin-1
Authors: Manzoni Claudia , Mamais Adamantios , Roosen Dorien A. , Dihanich Sybille , Soutar Marc P. M. , Plun-Favreau Helene , Bandopadhyay Rina , Hardy John , Tooze Sharon A. , Cookson Mark R. , Lewis Patrick A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLeucine rich repeat kinase 2 is a complex enzyme with both kinase and GTPase activities, closely linked to the pathogenesis of several human disorders including Parkinson’s disease, Crohn’s disease, leprosy and cancer. LRRK2 has been implicated in numerous cellular processes; however its physiological function remains unclear. Recent reports suggest that LRRK2 can act to regulate the cellular catabolic process of macroautophagy, although the precise mechanism whereby this occurs has not been identified. To investigate the signalling events through which LRRK2 acts to influence macroautophagy, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) and Beclin-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways were evaluated in astrocytic cell models in the presence and absence of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors. Chemical inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity resulted in the stimulation of macroautophagy in a non-canonical fashion, independent of mTOR and ULK1, but dependent upon the activation of Beclin 1-containing class III PI3-kinase.
Measuring milk fat content by random laser emission
Authors: Abegão Luis M. G. , Pagani Alessandra A. C. , Zílio Sérgio C. , Alencar Márcio A. R. C. , Rodrigues José J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe luminescence spectra of milk containing rhodamine 6G are shown to exhibit typical signatures of random lasing when excited with 532 nm laser pulses. Experiments carried out on whole and skim forms of two commercial brands of UHT milk, with fat volume concentrations ranging from 0 to 4%, presented lasing threshold values dependent on the fat concentration, suggesting that a random laser technique can be developed to monitor such important parameter.
Islet-like organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells efficiently function in the glucose responsiveness in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kim Youngjin , Kim Hyeongseok , Ko Ung Hyun , Oh Youjin , Lim Ajin , Sohn Jong-Woo , Shin Jennifer H. , Kim Hail , Han Yong-Mahn 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInsulin secretion is elaborately modulated in pancreatic ß cells within islets of three-dimensional (3D) structures. Using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to develop islet-like structures with insulin-producing ß cells for the treatment of diabetes is challenging. Here, we report that pancreatic islet-like clusters derived from hESCs are functionally capable of glucose-responsive insulin secretion as well as therapeutic effects. Pancreatic hormone-expressing endocrine cells (ECs) were differentiated from hESCs using a step-wise protocol. The hESC-derived ECs expressed pancreatic endocrine hormones, such as insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. Notably, dissociated ECs autonomously aggregated to form islet-like, 3D structures of consistent sizes (100–150 μm in diameter). These EC clusters (ECCs) enhanced insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulus and potassium channel inhibition in vitro. Furthermore, ß cell-deficient mice transplanted with ECCs survived for more than 40 d while retaining a normal blood glucose level to some extent. The expression of pancreatic endocrine hormones was observed in tissues transplanted with ECCs. In addition, ECCs could be generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells. These results suggest that hPSC-derived, islet-like clusters may be alternative therapeutic cell sources for treating diabetes.
Protein N-glycosylation and N-glycan trimming are required for postembryonic development of the pest beetle Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Walski Tomasz , Van Damme Els J. M. , Smargiasso Nicolas , Christiaens Olivier , De Pauw Edwin , Smagghe Guy 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn holometabolous insects the transition from larva to adult requires a complete body reorganization and relies on N-glycosylated proteins. N-glycosylation is an important posttranslational modification that influences protein activity but its impact on the metamorphosis has not been studied yet. Here we used the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, to perform a first comprehensive study on the involvement of the protein N-glycosylation pathway in metamorphosis. The transcript levels for genes encoding N-glycan processing enzymes increased during later developmental stages and, in turn, transition from larva to adult coincided with an enrichment of more extensively modified paucimannose glycans, including fucosylated ones. Blockage of N-glycan attachment resulted in larval mortality, while RNAi of α-glucosidases involved in early N-glycan trimming and quality control disrupted the larva to pupa transition. Additionally, simultaneous knockdown of multiple genes responsible for N-glycan processing towards paucimannose structures revealed their novel roles in pupal appendage formation and adult eclosion. Our findings revealed that, next to hormonal control, insect post-embryonic development and metamorphosis depend on protein N-glycan attachment and efficient N-glycan processing. Consequently, disruption of these processes could be an effective new approach for insect control.
In Vivo Near Infrared Virtual Intraoperative Surgical Photoacoustic Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Lee Donghyun , Lee Changho , Kim Sehui , Zhou Qifa , Kim Jeehyun , Kim Chulhong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSince its first implementation in otolaryngological surgery nearly a century ago, the surgical microscope has improved the accuracy and the safety of microsurgeries. However, the microscope shows only a magnified surface view of the surgical region. To overcome this limitation, either optical coherence tomography (OCT) or photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has been independently combined with conventional surgical microscope. Herein, we present a near-infrared virtual intraoperative photoacoustic optical coherence tomography (NIR-VISPAOCT) system that combines both PAM and OCT with a conventional surgical microscope. Using optical scattering and absorption, the NIR-VISPAOCT system simultaneously provides surgeons with real-time comprehensive biological information such as tumor margins, tissue structure, and a magnified view of the region of interest. Moreover, by utilizing a miniaturized beam projector, it can back-project 2D cross-sectional PAM and OCT images onto the microscopic view plane. In this way, both microscopic and cross-sectional PAM and OCT images are concurrently displayed on the ocular lens of the microscope. To verify the usability of the NIR-VISPAOCT system, we demonstrate simulated surgeries, including in vivo image-guided melanoma resection surgery and in vivo needle injection of carbon particles into a mouse thigh. The proposed NIR-VISPAOCT system has potential applications in neurosurgery, ophthalmological surgery, and other microsurgeries.
A Rough Energy Landscape to Describe Surface-Linked Antibody and Antigen Bond Formation
Authors: Limozin Laurent , Bongrand Pierre , Robert Philippe 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAntibodies and B cell receptors often bind their antigen at cell-cell interface while both molecular species are surface-bound, which impacts bond kinetics and function. Despite the description of complex energy landscapes for dissociation kinetics which may also result in significantly different association kinetics, surface-bound molecule (2D) association kinetics usually remain described by an on-rate due to crossing of a single free energy barrier, and few experimental works have measured association kinetics under conditions implying force and two-dimensional relative ligand-receptor motion. We use a new laminar flow chamber to measure 2D bond formation with systematic variation of the distribution of encounter durations between antigen and antibody, in a range from 0.1 to 10 ms. Under physiologically relevant forces, 2D association is 100-fold slower than 3D association as studied by surface plasmon resonance assays. Supported by brownian dynamics simulations, our results show that a minimal encounter duration is required for 2D association; an energy landscape featuring a rough initial part might be a reasonable way of accounting for this. By systematically varying the temperature of our experiments, we evaluate roughness at 2kBT, in the range of previously proposed rough parts of landscapes models during dissociation.
Flexoelectric effect in an in-plane switching (IPS) liquid crystal cell for low-power consumption display devices
Authors: Kim Min Su , Bos Philip J. , Kim Dong-Woo , Yang Deng-Ke , Lee Joong Hee , Lee Seung Hee 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTechnology of displaying static images in portable displays, advertising panels and price tags pursues significant reduction in power consumption and in product cost. Driving at a low-frequency electric field in fringe-field switching (FFS) mode can be one of the efficient ways to save powers of the recent portable devices, but a serious drop of image-quality, so-called image-flickering, has been found in terms of the coupling of elastic deformation to not only quadratic dielectric effect but linear flexoelectric effect. Despite of the urgent requirement of solving the issue, understanding of such a phenomenon is yet vague. Here, we thoroughly analyze and firstly report the flexoelectric effect in in-plane switching (IPS) liquid crystal cell. The effect takes place on the area above electrodes due to splay and bend deformations of nematic liquid crystal along oblique electric fields, so that the obvious spatial shift of the optical transmittance is experimentally observed and is clearly demonstrated based on the relation between direction of flexoelectric polarization and electric field polarity. In addition, we report that the IPS mode has inherent characteristics to solve the image-flickering issue in the low-power consumption display in terms of the physical property of liquid crystal material and the electrode structure.
No Association of Coronary Artery Disease with X-Chromosomal Variants in Comprehensive International Meta-Analysis
Authors: Loley Christina , Alver Maris , Assimes Themistocles L. , Bjonnes Andrew , Goel Anuj , Gustafsson Stefan , Hernesniemi Jussi , Hopewell Jemma C. , Kanoni Stavroula , Kleber Marcus E. , Lau King Wai , Lu Yingchang , Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka , Nelson Christopher P. , Nikpay Majid , Qu Liming , Salfati Elias , Scholz Markus , Tukiainen Taru , Willenborg Christina , Won Hong-Hee , Zeng Lingyao , Zhang Weihua , Anand Sonia S. , Beutner Frank , Bottinger Erwin P. , Clarke Robert , Dedoussis George , Do Ron , Esko Tõnu , Eskola Markku , Farrall Martin , Gauguier Dominique , Giedraitis Vilmantas , Granger Christopher B. , Hall Alistair S. , Hamsten Anders , Hazen Stanley L. , Huang Jie , Kähönen Mika , Kyriakou Theodosios , Laaksonen Reijo , Lind Lars , Lindgren Cecilia , Magnusson Patrik K. E. , Marouli Eirini , Mihailov Evelin , Morris Andrew P. , Nikus Kjell , Pedersen Nancy , Rallidis Loukianos , Salomaa Veikko , Shah Svati H. , Stewart Alexandre F. R. , Thompson John R. , Zalloua Pierre A. , Chambers John C. , Collins Rory , Ingelsson Erik , Iribarren Carlos , Karhunen Pekka J. , Kooner Jaspal S. , Lehtimäki Terho , Loos Ruth J. F. , März Winfried , McPherson Ruth , Metspalu Andres , Reilly Muredach P. , Ripatti Samuli , Sanghera Dharambir K. , Thiery Joachim , Watkins Hugh , Deloukas Panos , Kathiresan Sekar , Samani Nilesh J. , Schunkert Heribert , Erdmann Jeanette , König Inke R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn recent years, genome-wide association studies have identified 58 independent risk loci for coronary artery disease (CAD) on the autosome. However, due to the sex-specific data structure of the X chromosome, it has been excluded from most of these analyses. While females have 2 copies of chromosome X, males have only one. Also, one of the female X chromosomes may be inactivated. Therefore, special test statistics and quality control procedures are required. Thus, little is known about the role of X-chromosomal variants in CAD. To fill this gap, we conducted a comprehensive X-chromosome-wide meta-analysis including more than 43,000 CAD cases and 58,000 controls from 35 international study cohorts. For quality control, sex-specific filters were used to adequately take the special structure of X-chromosomal data into account. For single study analyses, several logistic regression models were calculated allowing for inactivation of one female X-chromosome, adjusting for sex and investigating interactions between sex and genetic variants. Then, meta-analyses including all 35 studies were conducted using random effects models. None of the investigated models revealed genome-wide significant associations for any variant. Although we analyzed the largest-to-date sample, currently available methods were not able to detect any associations of X-chromosomal variants with CAD.
Role of Mir-155 in Controlling HIF-1α Level and Promoting Endothelial Cell Maturation
Authors: Yang Deguang , Wang Jinhong , Xiao Meng , Zhou Tao , Shi Xu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStem-cell-based therapy for cardiovascular disease, especially ischemic heart disease (IHD), is a promising approach to facilitating neovascularization through the migration of stem cells to the ischemic site and their subsequent differentiation into endothelial cells (ECs). Hypoxia is a chief feature of IHD and the stem cell niche. However, whether hypoxia promotes stem cell differentiation into ECs or causes them to retain their stemness is controversial. Here, the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into endothelial cells (ECs) was induced under hypoxia. Though the angiogenic capability and angiogenesis-related autocrine/paracrine factors of the ECs were improved under hypoxia, the level of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was nonetheless found to be restricted along with the EC differentiation. The down-regulation of HIF-1α was found to have been caused by VEGF-induced microRNA-155 (miR-155). Moreover, miR-155 was also found to enhance the angiogenic capability of induced ECs by targeting E2F2 transcription factor. Hence, miR-155 not only contributes to controlling HIF-1α expression under hypoxia but also promotes angiogenesis, which is a key feature of mature ECs. Revealing the real role of hypoxia and clarifying the function of miR-155 in EC differentiation may facilitate improvement of angiogenic gene- and stem-cell-based therapies for ischemic heart disease.
Longitudinal Effects on Early Adolescent Language: A Twin Study
Authors: Harlaar Nicole , DeThorne Laura Segebart , Smith Jamie Mahurin , Betancourt Mariana Aparicio , Petrill Stephen A. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
We evaluated genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in language skills during early adolescence, measured by both language sampling and standardized tests, and examined the extent to which these genetic and environmental effects are stable across time.

Method
We used structural equation modeling on latent factors to estimate additive genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental effects on variance in standardized language skills (i.e., Formal Language) and productive language-sample measures (i.e., Productive Language) in a sample of 527 twins across 3 time points (mean ages 10–12 years).

Results
Individual differences in the Formal Language factor were influenced primarily by genetic factors at each age, whereas individual differences in the Productive Language factor were primarily due to nonshared environmental influences. For the Formal Language factor, the stability of genetic effects was high across all 3 time points. For the Productive Language factor, nonshared environmental effects showed low but statistically significant stability across adjacent time points.

Conclusions
The etiology of language outcomes may differ substantially depending on assessment context. In addition, the potential mechanisms for nonshared environmental influences on language development warrant further investigation.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963922
Expert Game experiment predicts emergence of trust in professional communication networks
Authors: Bendtsen Kristian Moss , Uekermann Florian , Haerter Jan O. 
Published: October 2016

SignificanceSocial capital can be seen as the economic benefit obtained from preferential treatment between members of a group and has drawn attention because of its ability to increase productivity in modern organizations. However, little is known about how trust dynamically forms between individuals in a competitive environment. We propose the Expert Game played by a group of humans. By constraining available communication capacity, individuals must work under time constraints and gain access to a desired expert by means of communication. Monetary rewards are only given for successful completion of the task. As the game is repeated, our experiments and simulations show how humans develop preference toward others and how social capital is produced. We thereby quantify economic utility of trust.
Backtracked and paused transcription initiation intermediate of
Escherichia coli
RNA polymerase
Authors: Lerner Eitan , Chung SangYoon , Allen Benjamin L. , Wang Shuang , Lee Jookyung , Lu Shijia W. , Grimaud Logan W. , Ingargiola Antonino , Michalet Xavier , Alhadid Yazan , Borukhov Sergei , Strick Terence R. , Taatjes Dylan J. , Weiss Shimon 
Published: October 2016

Significance
Transcription initiation by RNA polymerase (RNAP) is a highly regulated rate-limiting step in many genes and involves numerous intermediate states that remain incompletely understood. Here, we report the characterization of a previously hypothesized slow initiation pathway involving RNAP backtracking and pausing. This backtracked and paused state is observed when all nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) are present at physiologically relevant concentrations, but becomes more prevalent with unbalanced NTP levels, which may occur in vivo under conditions of metabolic stress. Pausing and backtracking in initiation may play an important role in regulating RNAP transcription. Moreover, similar RNA backtracked states may contribute to promoter-proximal pausing among eukaryotic RNA polymerase II enzymes.
Design and characterization of a nanopore-coupled polymerase for single-molecule DNA sequencing by synthesis on an electrode array
Authors: Stranges P. Benjamin , Palla Mirkó , Kalachikov Sergey , Nivala Jeff , Dorwart Michael , Trans Andrew , Kumar Shiv , Porel Mintu , Chien Minchen , Tao Chuanjuan , Morozova Irina , Li Zengmin , Shi Shundi , Aberra Aman , Arnold Cleoma , Yang Alexander , Aguirre Anne , Harada Eric T. , Korenblum Daniel , Pollard James , Bhat Ashwini , Gremyachinskiy Dmitriy , Bibillo Arek , Chen Roger , Davis Randy , Russo James J. , Fuller Carl W. , Roever Stefan , Ju Jingyue , Church George M. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
DNA sequencing has been dramatically expanding its scope in basic life science research and clinical medicine. Recently, a set of polymer-tagged nucleotides were shown to be viable substrates for replication and electronically detectable in a nanopore. Here, we describe the design and characterization of a DNA polymerase–nanopore protein construct on an integrated chip. This system incorporates all four tagged nucleotides and distinguishes single–tagged-nucleotide addition in real time. Coupling protein catalysis and nanopore-based detection to an electrode array could provide the foundation of a highly scalable, single-molecule, electronic DNA-sequencing platform.