bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal variation in mechanisms driving regional‐scale population dynamics of a Threatened grassland bird
Authors: Ethier Danielle M. , Koper Nicola , Nudds Thomas D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTo achieve national population targets for migratory birds, landscape‐level conservation approaches are increasingly encouraged. However, knowledge of the mechanisms that drive spatiotemporal patterns in population dynamics are needed to inform scale‐variant policy development. Using hierarchical Bayesian models and variable selection, we determined by which mechanism(s), and to what extent, changes in quantity and quality of surrogate grassland habitats contributed to regional variation in population trends of an obligatory grassland bird, Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorous). We used North American Breeding Bird Survey data to develop spatially explicit models of regional population trends over 25 years across 35 agricultural census divisions in Ontario, Canada. We measured the strength of evidence for effects of land‐use change on population trends over the entire study period and over five subperiods. Over the entire study period, one region (Perth) displayed strong evidence of population decline (95%CIis entirely below 0); four regions displayed strong evidence of population increase (Bruce, Simcoe, Peterborough, and Northumberland). Population trends shifted spatially among subperiods, with more extreme declines later in time (1986–1990: 28% of 35 census divisions, 1991–1995: 46%, 1996–2000: 40%, 2001–2005: 66%, 2006–2010: 82%). Important predictors of spatial patterns in Bobolink population trends over the entire study period were human development and fragmentation. However, factors inferred to drive patterns in population trends were not consistent over space and time. This result underscores that effective threat identification (both spatially and temporally) and implementation of flexible, regionally tailored policies will be critical to realize efficient conservation of Bobolink and similar at‐risk species.
Quantitative assessment of soil CO2 concentration and stable carbon isotope for leakage detection at geological carbon sequestration sites
Authors: Yang Changbing , Jamison Keith , Xue Lianqing , Dai Zhenxue , D. Hovorka Susan , Fredin Leif , H. Treviño Ramón 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study presents a quantitative method to evaluate CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) as indicators for leakage detection at a geological carbon sequestration site by combining use of field release tests and a numerical modeling approach. A numerical model was developed to simulate CO2 dynamics by considering diffusion, dissolution in soil water, and soil respiration. The numerical model fits the background dynamics of [CO2] (360 to 550 ppm) and δ13C (‐16‰ to ‐6‰) well and reproduces fairly the overall trend observed during the CO2 release test. The model was further applied to assess detection probability (DP) of [CO2] and δ13C for leakage detection in terms of various factors, such as CO2 leakage rate, background variations, δ13C of the CO2 leaked, and the threshold value of signal‐to‐noise ratio. Modeling results suggest that δ13C may have a higher DP than [CO2]. This study also shows that DP of δ13C for the IEA Weyburn project is close to 0, implying δ13C is inappropriate to be an indicator for CO2 leakage at the site. The quantitative method developed can also be used to design a monitoring plan or strategy in a near‐surface environment for geological carbon sequestration. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facilitating anaplastic thyroid cancer specialized treatment: A model for improving access to multidisciplinary care for patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Cabanillas Maria E. , Williams Michelle D. , Gunn G. Brandon , Weitzman Steven P. , Burke Laura , Busaidy Naifa L. , Ying Anita K. , Yiin Yeh Hung , William William N. , Lu Charles , Lai Stephen Y. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAnaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly aggressive thyroid cancer. Several treatment trials are available, but the number of eligible patients to participate is very low because of the rarity and aggressiveness of the disease.MethodsFacilitating Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Specialized Treatment (FAST) is a quality improvement project aimed at decreasing time from referral to disposition (scheduling of first appointment) to our institution. After identifying reasons for delays, we created a new process flow specifically for patients with ATC allowing patients to be scheduled immediately.ResultsHistorical data revealed a mean referral to disposition time for patients with ATC of 8.7 days before our intervention. After the intervention, the mean referral to disposition time was reduced to 0.5 days. Participation in treatment trials for all patients with ATC was 34%.ConclusionSince the implementation of FAST, the access time has decreased and the number of successful referrals for ATC has increased significantly.
Dorsal scapular artery as a recipient vessel in the vessel‐depleted neck during free tissue transfer in head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Rosko Andrew J. , Ryan Jesse T. , Wizauer Eric J. , Ibrahim Mohannad , Srinivasan Ashok , Stucken Chaz L. , Spector Matthew E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe vessel‐depleted neck poses a unique challenge to the microvascular surgeon. Using 3D modeling and cadaveric dissection, we describe the approach and advantages of a known but less frequently used recipient vessel, the dorsal scapular artery, during free tissue transfer.MethodsThree patients with vessel‐depleted necks required reconstruction with free tissue transfer. The dorsal scapular artery was used as a recipient vessel. Three‐dimensional anatomic models were created and cadaveric dissections were performed to characterize the anatomy.ResultsThe dorsal scapular artery was successfully used in 3 patients as the recipient pedicle for free tissue transfer. The vessel was identified deep in the posterior triangle after emerging through the brachial plexus. In all cases, the artery was in a previously undissected field, and had a large caliber and favorable geometry for microvascular anastomosis.ConclusionThe dorsal scapular artery is a viable recipient vessel during head and neck reconstruction in the vessel‐depleted neck.
Delayed lower cranial neuropathy after oropharyngeal intensity‐modulated radiotherapy: A cohort analysis and literature review
Authors: Hutcheson Katherine A. , Yuk Maggie , Hubbard Rachel , Gunn Gary B. , Fuller C. David , Lai Stephen Y. , Lin Heather , Garden Adam S. , Rosenthal David I. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Kies Merrill S. , Lewin Jan S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine swallowing‐related lower cranial nerve palsy (LCNP) in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) survivors after intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).MethodsPatients treated with definitive IMRT (66‐72 Gy) were pooled from institutional trial databases. Prospective analyses on parent trials included videofluoroscopy, clinical LCNP examination, and questionnaires pre‐IMRT, 6 months post‐IMRT, 12 months post‐IMRT, and 24 months post‐IMRT. Time‐to‐event and incidence of LCNP was estimated with competing risk methods. Literature review (1977‐2015) summarized published LCNP outcomes.ResultsThree of 59 oropharyngeal cancer survivors with a minimum 2‐year follow‐up developed hypoglossal palsy ipsilateral to the index tumor (median latency 6.7 years; range 4.6‐7.6 years). At a median of 5.7 years, cumulative incidence of LCNP was 5%. LCNP preceded progressive dysphagia in all cases. Published studies found median incidence of radiation‐associated LCNP was 10.5% after NPC, but no OPC cancer‐specific estimate.ConclusionAlthough uncommon, the potential for late LCNP preceding swallowing deterioration highlights the importance of long‐term functional surveillance in OPC survivorship.
Significance of perineural invasion in locally advanced bucco alveolar complex carcinomas treated with surgery and postoperative radiation ± concurrent chemotherapy
Authors: Anand Anil Kumar , Agarwal Pankaj , Gulia Abhishek , Goel Vineeta , Jain Jyotika , Chaturvedi Harit , Hazarika Biswajyoti , Mukherjee Urmi , Arora Deepak , Bansal Anil Kumar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate prognostic factors, locoregional control, and survival in locally advanced bucco‐alveolar complex cancers.MethodsA retrospective review of 83 patients treated between January 2009 and December 2012 with bucco‐alveolar complex cancers was conducted. All patients had surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with/without concurrent chemotherapy. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan‐Meier and multivariable Cox regression model.ResultsOn univariate and multivariate analysis, perineural invasion (PNI) was found to be an independent adverse risk factor. Patients with PNI‐positive disease had significantly worse 2‐year disease‐free survival (DFS), locoregional failure free survival, and overall survival (OS) as compared to patients with PNI‐negative disease (P < 0. 001, 0.001 and < 0. 001) respectively.ConclusionCompared with patients with PNI‐negative disease, patients with PNI‐positive disease had much worse outcome despite aggressive adjuvant treatment. It warrants escalation of therapy and modification in radiation portals to cover neural pathways in patients with PNI‐positive disease.
Dismantling the Developmental Education Pipeline: Potent Pedagogies and Promising Practices That Address the College Readiness Gap
Authors: Henry Laurie A. , Stahl Norman A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis commentary explores pedagogical, societal, and political aspects of the college/career readiness reform movement as it impacts students in secondary classrooms. The authors begin with a snapshot of the students often left in the shadows of educational reform efforts, leaving them academically underprepared and destined for college developmental education. Then, the authors share their perspective related to the potential of the Common Core State Standards to raise student achievement and close achievement gaps. Finally, they highlight college preparation programs that seek to address this gap, along with promising practices supporting the aspirations of these students to pursue educational opportunities beyond secondary school.
Trabecular resorption patterns of cement–bone interlock regions in total knee replacements
Authors: Goodheart Jacklyn R. , Miller Mark A. , Oest Megan E. , Mann Kenneth A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTWith in vivo service, there is loss of mechanical interlock between trabeculae and PMMA cement in total knee replacements. The mechanisms responsible for the loss of interlock are not known, but loss of interlock results in weaker cement–bone interfaces. The goal of this study was to determine the pattern of resorption of interdigitated bone using a series of 20 postmortem retrieved knee replacements with a wide range of time in service (3–22 years). MicroCT scans were obtained of a segment of the cement–bone interface below the tibial tray for each implant. Image processing methods were used to determine interface morphology and to identify supporting, interdigitated, resorbed, and isolated bone as a function of axial position. Overall, the amount of remaining interdigitated bone decreased with time in service (p = 0.0114). The distance from the cement border (at the extent of cement penetration into the bone bed) to 50% of the interdigitated volume decreased with time in service (p = 0.039). Isolated bone, when present, was located deep in the cement layer. Overall, resorption appears to start at the cement border and progresses into the cement layer. Initiation of trabecular resorption near the cement border may be a consequence of proximity to osteoclastic cells in the adjacent marrow space. Clinical Significance: Aseptic loosening of joint replacements remains an important clinical problem. This work explores the process and pattern of trabecular bone resorption responsible for loss of interface fixation. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2773–2780, 2017.
Nitrogen mineralization from digestate in comparison to sewage sludge, compost and urea in a laboratory incubated soil experiment
Authors: Tambone Fulvia , Adani Fabrizio 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper evaluated, in a laboratory incubated soil, the properties of digestate as a nitrogen fertilizer in comparison with sewage sludge, compost and urea, this last as a typical mineral fertilizer. The incubation period lasted for 90 d and during this time, pH, CO2andevolution were measured. The maximum concentration of nitrate was reached in the incubated microcosm fertilized by urea (133 mg kg−1after 62 d), and that of digestate was very similar (113 mg kg−1). Soil treated with compost showed a slower nitrate evolution. A significantly negative correlation was detected between cumulative nitrogen nitrified at the end of the trial, and the values of the C:N ratio of the biomasses used (compost, sludge and digestate) (mg kg−1vs. C:N,r = –0.94,n= 3,p< 0.05), and between the alkyl‐C content at the end of the experiment (mg kg−1vs. alkyl‐C,r= –0.95,n= 3,p< 0.05). As expected, pH decreases and soil respiration (CO2evolution) were also well correlated with the content of nitrate. Considering that about 90% of the nitrogen content in the digestate is short acting, the results obtained indicate that the nitrogen rate of mineralization in digestate is very similar to that of urea, confirming that digestate could replace traditional mineral fertilizers.
Investigating the Importance of the Pocket‐estimation Method in Pocket‐based Approaches: An Illustration Using Pocket‐ligand Classification
Authors: Caumes Géraldine , Borrel Alexandre , Abi Hussein Hiba , Camproux Anne‐Claude , Regad Leslie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSmall molecules interact with their protein target on surface cavities known as binding pockets. Pocket‐based approaches are very useful in all of the phases of drug design. Their first step is estimating the binding pocket based on protein structure. The available pocket‐estimation methods produce different pockets for the same target. The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of different pocket‐estimation methods on the results of pocket‐based approaches. We focused on the effect of three pocket‐estimation methods on a pocket‐ligand (PL) classification. This pocket‐based approach is useful for understanding the correspondence between the pocket and ligand spaces and to develop pharmacological profiling models. We found pocket‐estimation methods yield different binding pockets in terms of boundaries and properties. These differences are responsible for the variation in the PL classification results that can have an impact on the detected correspondence between pocket and ligand profiles. Thus, we highlighted the importance of the pocket‐estimation method choice in pocket‐based approaches.
Pericardial fat volume and incident atrial fibrillation in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Heckbert Susan R. , Wiggins Kerri L. , Blackshear Chad , Yang Yi , Ding Jingzhong , Liu Jiankang , McKnight Barbara , Alonso Alvaro , Austin Thomas R. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Curtis Lesley H. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Correa Adolfo 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo determine whether greater pericardial fat volume would be associated with increased risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsIn the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Jackson Heart Study, pericardial fat volume was quantified by computed tomography. Incident AF was identified from discharge diagnosis codes, study electrocardiograms, and Medicare claims.ResultsAmong 7,991 participants, 40% were African American, 32% white, 18% Hispanic, and 10% Chinese American; mean age was 62 years; 55% were women. During an average of 10.0 years of follow‐up in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and 4.5 years in the Jackson Heart Study, 756 incident AF cases were identified. After adjustment for age, sex, study, race/ethnicity, height, glucose status, systolic blood pressure, treated hypertension, and BMI, greater pericardial fat volume was associated with higher AF risk in Hispanics (hazard ratio 1.24 per SD, 95% confidence interval 1.05‐1.46) but not overall (hazard ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 0.97‐1.15). In mediation analysis, pericardial fat volume partially mediated the association of BMI with incident AF in Hispanics.ConclusionsAfter adjustment for BMI, greater pericardial fat volume was associated with incident AF in Hispanics but not overall. Additional research is needed on the mechanisms by which pericardial fat volume is related to increased AF risk and possible differences by race/ethnicity.
A novel homozygous VPS45 p.P468L mutation leading to severe congenital neutropenia with myelofibrosis
Authors: Shah Rikin K. , Munson Mary , Wierenga Klaas J. , Pokala Hanumantha R. , Newburger Peter E. , Crawford David 
Published: April 2017

AbstractVPS45‐associated severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a rare disorder characterized by life‐threating infections, neutropenia, neutrophil and platelet dysfunction, poor response to filgrastim, and myelofibrosis with extramedullary hematopoiesis. We present a patient with SCN due to a homozygous c.1403C>T (p.P468L) mutation in VPS45, critical regulator of SNARE‐dependent membrane fusion. Structural modeling indicates that P468, like the T224 and E238 residues affected by previously reported mutations, cluster in a VPS45 “hinge” region, indicating its critical role in membrane fusion and VPS45‐associated SCN. Bone marrow transplantation, complicated by early graft failure rescued with stem cell boost, led to resolution of the hematopoietic phenotype.
Prenatal abnormal features of fetal mainstem bronchi: back to the basics
Authors: Dabadie Alexia , Kheiri Mélinda , Pico Harmony , Gorincour Guillaume , Quarello Edwin 
Published: April 2017

What's Already Known About This Topic?

Situs is ideally assessed by the assessment of the atrial appendages. But, prenatally, this remains very difficult. Fetal situs is usually considered indirectly by the assessment of the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava.
What Does This Study Add?

This study described a method allowing us to distinguish prenatally the fetal situs in the setting of fetal heterotaxia by considering the features of the mainstem bronchi.
In vitro metabolism of exemestane by hepatic cytochrome P450s: impact of nonsynonymous polymorphisms on formation of the active metabolite 17β‐dihydroexemestane
Authors: Peterson Amity , Xia Zuping , Chen Gang , Lazarus Philip 
Published: April 2017

AbstractExemestane (EXE) is an endocrine therapy commonly used by postmenopausal women with hormone‐responsive breast cancer due to its potency in inhibiting aromatase‐catalyzed estrogen synthesis. Preliminary in vitro studies sought to identify phase I EXE metabolites and hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) that participate in EXE biotransformation. Phase I metabolites were identified by incubating EXE with HEK293‐overexpressed CYP450s. CYP450s 1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, and 3A5 produce 17β‐dihydroexemestane (17β‐DHE), an active major metabolite, as well as two inactive metabolites. 17β‐DHE formation in pooled human liver microsomes subjected to isoform‐specific CYP450 inhibition was also monitored using tandem mass spectrometry. 17β‐DHE production in human liver microsomes was unaffected by isoform‐specific inhibition of CYP450s 2A6, 2B6, and 2E1 but decreased 12–39% following inhibition of drug‐metabolizing enzymes from CYP450 subfamilies 1A, 2C, 2D, and 3A. These results suggest that redundancy exists in the EXE metabolic pathway with multiple hepatic CYP450s catalyzing 17β‐DHE formation in vitro. To further expand the knowledge of phase I EXE metabolism, the impact of CYP450 genetic variation on 17β‐DHE formation was assessed via enzyme kinetic parameters. Affinity for EXE substrate and enzyme catalytic velocity were calculated for hepatic wild‐type CYP450s and their common nonsynonymous variants by monitoring the reduction of EXE to 17β‐DHE. Several functional polymorphisms in xenobiotic‐metabolizing CYP450s 1A2, 2C8, 2C9, and 2D6 resulted in deviant enzymatic activity relative to wild‐type enzyme. Thus, it is possible that functional polymorphisms in EXE‐metabolizing CYP450s contribute to inter‐individual variability in patient outcomes by mediating overall exposure to the drug and its active metabolite, 17β‐DHE.
Investigating the Efficacy of a Web‐Based Early Reading and Professional Development Intervention for Young English Learners
Authors: Amendum Steven J. , Bratsch‐Hines Mary , Vernon‐Feagans Lynne 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the Targeted Reading Intervention (TRI), a professional development and early reading intervention program delivered via webcam technology, could support the early reading progress of English learners (ELs). Participants for the current study were drawn from a larger three‐year randomized controlled trial and included 108ELs from 47 classrooms randomly assigned to treatment and control conditions. Teachers in treatment classrooms used theTRIin one‐on‐one sessions in the regular classroom for approximately 15 minutes per day. Weekly, and later biweekly, webcam coaching sessions between aTRIcoach and each classroom teacher allowed the coach to interact with both the teacher and students in real time and allowed classroom teachers to receive real‐time feedback from the coach. Two‐level hierarchical linear models suggested thatELs struggling with learning to read in intervention classrooms significantly outperformed their peers in control classrooms on word‐level measures of early reading, with effect sizes of .43 and .45, but not on text‐level measures. Results also suggested thatELs struggling with learning to read were gaining at the same rate as their nonstruggling peers but were unable to catch up within the study year.