bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Égyptiens expatriés aux Émirats arabes unis : ancrages, connexions transnationales et expériences cosmopolites
Authors: Pagès‑El Karoui Delphine 
Published: December 2016

Dubaï se révèle particulièrement attractive pour les Égyptiens, leur offrant un mode de vie occidental, moderne et globalisé, dans un pays arabe et musulman. En dépit d’un intérêt croissant pour le Golfe, peu de travaux récents ont étudié les migrants arabes. Quels ancrages les Égyptiens développent-ils aux Émirats, malgré la précarité de leur statut ? Leurs connexions transnationales sont-elles d’autant plus fortes que l’intégration à la nation leur est refusée ? Quelles expériences font-ils de la super-diversité dans ces villes cosmopolites ? Après avoir interrogé l’existence d’une communauté égyptienne, nous montrerons comment certains Égyptiens, après de longs séjours, peuvent développer des sentiments d’appartenance à la ville (mais pas au pays, ni à la région du Golfe), et comment s’élabore une égyptianité transnationale, surtout chez les secondes générations. On s’intéressera aussi à l’intensification des pratiques transnationales depuis 2011, comme une réponse à l’accroissement de l’insécurité migratoire.
Kinetics of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Frequency and Function during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Combination Antiretroviral Therapy, and Treatment Interruption
Authors: Dross Sandra E. , Munson Paul V. , Kim Se Eun , Bratt Debra L. , Tunggal Hillary C. , Gervassi Ana L. , Fuller Deborah H. , Horton Helen 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
During chronic lentiviral infection, poor clinical outcomes correlate both with systemic inflammation and poor proliferative ability of HIV-specific T cells; however, the connection between the two is not clear. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which expand during states of elevated circulating inflammatory cytokines, may link the systemic inflammation and poor T cell function characteristic of lentiviral infections. Although MDSC are partially characterized in HIV and SIV infection, questions remain regarding their persistence, activity, and clinical significance. We monitored MDSC frequency and function in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Low MDSC frequency was observed prior to SIV infection. Post-SIV infection, MDSC were elevated in acute infection and persisted during 7 mo of combination antiretroviral drug therapy (cART). After cART interruption, we observed MDSC expansion of surprising magnitude, the majority being granulocytic MDSC. At all stages of infection, granulocytic MDSC suppressed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation in response to polyclonal or SIV-specific stimulation. In addition, MDSC frequency correlated significantly with circulating inflammatory cytokines. Acute and post-cART levels of viremia were similar, however, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and MDSC were more pronounced post-cART. Expanded MDSC during SIV infection, especially during the post-cART inflammatory cytokine surge, likely limit cellular responses to infection. As many HIV curative strategies require cART interruption to determine efficacy, our work suggests treatment interruption–induced MDSC may especially undermine the effectiveness of such strategies. MDSC depletion may enhance T cell responses to lentiviral infection and the effectiveness of curative approaches.
Epigenetic Networks Regulate the Transcriptional Program in Memory and Terminally Differentiated CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Rodriguez Ramon M. , Suarez-Alvarez Beatriz , Lavín José L. , Mosén-Ansorena David , Baragaño Raneros Aroa , Márquez-Kisinousky Leonardo , Aransay Ana M. , Lopez-Larrea Carlos 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role during differentiation of T cells by contributing to the formation of stable and heritable transcriptional patterns. To better understand the mechanisms of memory maintenance in CD8+ T cells, we performed genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation, histone marking (acetylated lysine 9 in histone H3 and trimethylated lysine 9 in histone), and gene-expression profiles in naive, effector memory (EM), and terminally differentiated EM (TEMRA) cells. Our results indicate that DNA demethylation and histone acetylation are coordinated to generate the transcriptional program associated with memory cells. Conversely, EM and TEMRA cells share a very similar epigenetic landscape. Nonetheless, the TEMRA transcriptional program predicts an innate immunity phenotype associated with genes never reported in these cells, including several mediators of NK cell activation (VAV3 and LYN) and a large array of NK receptors (e.g., KIR2DL3, KIR2DL4, KIR2DL1, KIR3DL1, KIR2DS5). In addition, we identified up to 161 genes that encode transcriptional regulators, some of unknown function in CD8+ T cells, and that were differentially expressed in the course of differentiation. Overall, these results provide new insights into the regulatory networks involved in memory CD8+ T cell maintenance and T cell terminal differentiation.
Cytocompatibility by MTT Assay and Platelet Adhesion of Ti and Ti-6Al-4V coated with Hydroxyapatite in different Plasma Gas Atmospheres
Authors: Kotian Ravindra , Rao P Prasad , Madhyastha Prashanthi , Shobha KL , Rao BS Satish 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAimThis study was performed to evaluate the biocompatibility of pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V metals coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) by plasma spray using different plasma gas atmospheres.Materials and methodsThe cell viabilities for each HA-coated sample in an atmosphere of argon, argon—hydrogen, nitrogen, and nitrogen—hydrogen were studied using MTT assay and platelet adhesion test.ResultsThe mean cell viabilities by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay of samples coated with HA in argon—hydrogen plasma atmosphere showed maximum cell viability at different time intervals compared with other coating atmospheres of argon—hydrogen, nitrogen, and nitrogen—hydrogen. A statistically significant value of cell viability (p < 0.001) was observed between and within the groups of argon, argon—hydrogen, nitrogen, and nitrogen—hydrogen plasma gas atmosphere. The platelet adhesion study showed agglomerates of platelet cells in some isolated regions of HA for all atmospheres.SignificanceThe results obtained in this study can serve as a guide for the development of new Ti-based HA-coated implants in different plasma gas atmospheres.How to cite this articleKotian R, Rao PP, Madhyastha P, Shobha KL, Rao BSS, Ginjupalli K. Cytocompatibility by MTT Assay and Platelet Adhesion of Ti and Ti-6Al-4V coated with Hydroxyapatite in different Plasma Gas Atmospheres. World J Dent 2017;8(1):28-36.
Comparative evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Obturated with Pozzolan-based MTA Sealer and Epoxy Resin-based Sealer: An in vitro Study
Authors: Upadhyay Sree Theja , Purayil Tina Puthen 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate and compare the effect of epoxy resin-based sealer and a pozzolan-based mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) sealer on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.

Materials and methods
Thirty single-rooted mandibular premolars were decoronated to a standardized root length of 15 mm. ProTaper rotary files up to a master apical file size of F3 were used for cleaning and shaping the root canals followed by 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each), and the obturation was completed using gutta-percha with Endoseal MTA (group I) and AH Plus (group II) as root canal sealers. Group III served as control (instrumented and unfilled). Each specimen was then subjected to fracture testing by using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute until fracture. The force required to fracture each specimen was recorded and the data were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by pairwise comparison using post hoc Games-Howell test (p < 0.05).

Results
The fracture resistance of groups I and II were significantly higher than those of group III. No significant difference in the fracture resistance was observed between group I (Endoseal MTA) and group II (AH Plus) groups.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that the new root canal sealer, Endoseal MTA, is able to reinforce the tooth against fracture as good as AH Plus.

Clinical significance
Endoseal MTA is a sealer for the reinforcement of endodontically treated teeth.

How to cite this article
Upadhyay ST, Purayil TP, Ginjupalli K. Comparative evaluation of Fracture Resistance of EndodonticallyTreated Teeth Obturated with Pozzolan-based MTA Sealer and Epoxy Resin-based Sealer: An in vitro Study. World J Dent 2017;8(1):37-40.
Comparison of Dentinal Defects induced by Hand Files, Multiple, and Single Rotary Files: A Stereomicroscopic Study
Authors: Choudhary Bharat , Jain Atul , Bhadoria Kanchan , Patidar Nakul 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study was carried out to compare the dentinal defects induced by single rotary file system, multiple rotary file system, and hand files.

Materials and methods
Sixty single-rooted premolars were selected based on predetermined criteria. They were divided into three groups: Group I (hand K files), group II (Hero Shaper), and group III (One Shape). Biomechanical preparation was carried out as per the manufacturer's instructions. Each specimen was sectioned horizontally and divided into apical, middle, and coronal sections. These sections were visualized under stereomicroscope to evaluate the dentinal defects using predetermined criteria.

Results
Roots prepared with Hero Shaper showed more number of defects than One Shape, whereas in roots prepared with hand files lowest percentage of dentinal defects were present. There was statistically significant difference between the Hero Shaper group and the One Shape group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
All rotary files induce defects in root dentin, whereas the hand instruments induce minimal defects.

Clinical significance
With single rotary file system, preparation time is reduced and it is easier for patients to accept the treatment. Moreover, the potential of root fracture is reduced.

How to cite this article
Jain A, Bhadoria K, Choudhary B, Patidar N. Comparison of Dentinal Defects induced by Hand Files, Multiple, and Single Rotary Files: A Stereomicroscopic Study. World J Dent 2017;8(1):45-48.
Retiring the Historical Net Discount Rate
Authors: Krueger Kurt V. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The methodology of using a net discount rate (“NDR”) to calculate the present value of future labor earnings is now over 50 years old. First found in public health economics, the earnings NDR later reached forensic economics where it was adapted to other calculations such as the present value of medical costs. At first, some forensic economists embraced the historically determined wage NDR arguing that it was simple, fair, and 0% since annual wage growth and interest rates had been fairly equal to that time. The 0% wage NDR did not sit well with some other forensic economists, and so a discourse began in the literature regarding its numeric value. Largely missing from the debate has been an analysis of the historically determined NDR, as it has been constructed and used, as a legitimate present value methodology. Building upon the initial criticisms of the NDR by Jones (1985, 1986) and the recent work of Foster (2015), this article examines the historical wage NDR method and concludes that, for several reasons, it is theoretically faulty, empirically inconsistent, and not relevant to forensic economics.
An Alternative Estimation Technique for Determining Discount Rates and Earnings Growth Rates in Wrongful Death and Personal Injury Cases
Authors: Mason Paul M. , Gallo Andres 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Regardless of the time period studied since the 1970s ended, without adjustments for structural factors, both real and nominal interest rates across the spectrum of maturities exhibit non-stationary processes with a unit root. Consequently, simply employing past means of either real or nominal yields losses a degree of credibility. Focusing on the period of the “Great Moderation,” employing structural break analysis can remove the non-stationarity so that forensic economists can chose not to use more complex ARIMA models, stochastic properties of interest rates, or estimating methods more complex than these. Rather, following the analysis in this paper, forensic economists can employ one of a small number of discount rates from a not too distant past time period that reflect systematic variations more likely to be consistent with predictable future interest rates.
Assessing Economic Damages in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Litigation: The State of Nebraska
Authors: Rosenbaum David I. , Richardson Mark 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article presents a framework for computing damages in Nebraska personal injury and wrongful death cases. The analysis is based on statute, common law, case law, jury instructions and practice. Elements unique to personal injury and wrongful death cases are discussed, as well as elements common to both. The role and requirements for damage experts are examined, as are the work product and likelihood of deposition and testimony.
Multidecadal variations of the effects of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the climate system
Authors: Brönnimann Stefan , Malik Abdul , Stickler Alexander , Wegmann Martin , Raible Christoph C. , Muthers Stefan , Anet Julien , Rozanov Eugene , Schmutz Werner 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Effects of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) on tropospheric climate are not always strong or they appear only intermittently. Studying them requires long time series of both the QBO and climate variables, which has restricted previous studies to the past 30–50 years. Here we use the benefits of an existing QBO reconstruction back to 1908. We first investigate additional, newly digitized historical observations of stratospheric winds to test the reconstruction. Then we use the QBO time series to analyse atmospheric data sets (reconstructions and reanalyses) as well as the results of coupled ocean–atmosphere–chemistry climate model simulations that were forced with the reconstructed QBO. We investigate effects related to (1) tropical–extratropical interaction in the stratosphere, wave–mean flow interaction and subsequent downward propagation, and (2) interaction between deep tropical convection and stratospheric flow. We generally find weak connections, though some are statistically significant over the 100-year period and consistent with model results. Apparent multidecadal variations in the connection between the QBO and the investigated climate responses are consistent with a small effect in the presence of large variability, with one exception: the imprint on the northern polar vortex, which is seen in recent reanalysis data, is not found in the period 1908–1957. Conversely, an imprint in Berlin surface air temperature is only found in 1908–1957 but not in the recent period. Likewise, in the model simulations both links tend to appear alternatingly, suggesting a more systematic modulation due to a shift in the circulation, for example. Over the Pacific warm pool, we find increased convection during easterly QBO, mainly in boreal winter in observation-based data as well as in the model simulations, with large variability. No QBO effects were found in the Indian monsoon strength or Atlantic hurricane frequency.
Improvements to the OMI O2–O2 operational cloud algorithm and comparisons with ground-based radar–lidar observations
Authors: Veefkind J. Pepijn , de Haan Johan F. , Sneep Maarten , Levelt Pieternel F. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument on board NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura satellite) OMCLDO2 cloud product supports trace gas retrievals of for example ozone and nitrogen dioxide. The OMCLDO2 algorithm derives the effective cloud fraction and effective cloud pressure using a DOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy) fit of the O2–O2 absorption feature around 477 nm. A new version of the OMI OMCLDO2 cloud product is presented that contains several improvements, of which the introduction of a temperature correction on the O2–O2 slant columns and the updated look-up tables have the largest impact. Whereas the differences in the effective cloud fraction are on average limited to 0.01, the differences of the effective cloud pressure can be up to 200 hPa, especially at cloud fractions below 0.3. As expected, the temperature correction depends on latitude and season. The updated look-up tables have a systematic effect on the cloud pressure at low cloud fractions. The improvements at low cloud fractions are very important for the retrieval of trace gases in the lower troposphere, for example for nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde. The cloud pressure retrievals of the improved algorithm are compared with ground-based radar–lidar observations for three sites at mid-latitudes. For low clouds that have a limited vertical extent the comparison yields good agreement. For higher clouds, which are vertically extensive and often contain several layers, the satellite retrievals give a lower cloud height. For high clouds, mixed results are obtained.
Crop water stress maps for an entire growing season from visible and thermal UAV imagery
Authors: Hoffmann Helene , Jensen Rasmus , Thomsen Anton , Nieto Hector , Rasmussen Jesper , Friborg Thomas 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. This study investigates whether a water deficit index (WDI) based on imagery from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can provide accurate crop water stress maps at different growth stages of barley and in differing weather situations. Data from both the early and late growing season are included to investigate whether the WDI has the unique potential to be applicable both when the land surface is partly composed of bare soil and when crops on the land surface are senescing. The WDI differs from the more commonly applied crop water stress index (CWSI) in that it uses both a spectral vegetation index (VI), to determine the degree of surface greenness, and the composite land surface temperature (LST) (not solely canopy temperature).Lightweight thermal and RGB (red–green–blue) cameras were mounted on a UAV on three occasions during the growing season 2014, and provided composite LST and color images, respectively. From the LST, maps of surface-air temperature differences were computed. From the color images, the normalized green–red difference index (NGRDI), constituting the indicator of surface greenness, was computed. Advantages of the WDI as an irrigation map, as compared with simpler maps of the surface-air temperature difference, are discussed, and the suitability of the NGRDI is assessed. Final WDI maps had a spatial resolution of 0.25 m.It was found that the UAV-based WDI is in agreement with measured stress values from an eddy covariance system. Further, the WDI is especially valuable in the late growing season because at this stage the remote sensing data represent crop water availability to a greater extent than they do in the early growing season, and because the WDI accounts for areas of ripe crops that no longer have the same need for irrigation. WDI maps can potentially serve as water stress maps, showing the farmer where irrigation is needed to ensure healthy growing plants, during entire growing season.
Application of ground-penetrating radar technique to evaluate the waterfront location in hardened concrete
Authors: Rodríguez-Abad Isabel , Klysz Gilles , Martínez-Sala Rosa , Balayssac Jean Paul , Mené-Aparicio Jesús 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The long-term performance of concrete structures is directly tied to two factors: concrete durability and strength. When assessing the durability of concrete structures, the study of the water penetration is paramount, because almost all reactions like corrosion, alkali–silica, sulfate, etc., which produce their deterioration, require the presence of water. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has shown to be very sensitive to water variations. On this basis, the objective of this experimental study is, firstly, to analyze the correlation between the water penetration depth in concrete samples and the GPR wave parameters. To do this, the samples were immersed into water for different time intervals and the wave parameters were obtained from signals registered when the antenna was placed on the immersed surface of the samples. Secondly, a procedure has been developed to be able to determine, from those signals, the reliability in the detection and location of waterfront depths. The results have revealed that GPR may have an enormous potential in this field, because excellent agreements were found between the correlated variables. In addition, when comparing the waterfront depths calculated from GPR measurements and those visually registered after breaking the samples, we observed that they totally agreed when the waterfront was more than 4 cm depth.
Sensitivity analysis of point and parametric pedotransfer functions for estimating water retention of soils in Algeria
Authors: Touil Sami , Degre Aurore , Chabaca Mohamed Nacer 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Improving the accuracy of pedotransfer functions (PTFs) requires studying how prediction uncertainty can be apportioned to different sources of uncertainty in inputs. In this study, the question addressed was as follows: which variable input is the main or best complementary predictor of water retention, and at which water potential? Two approaches were adopted to generate PTFs: multiple linear regressions (MLRs) for point PTFs and multiple nonlinear regressions (MNLRs) for parametric PTFs. Reliability tests showed that point PTFs provided better estimates than parametric PTFs (root mean square error, RMSE: 0.0414 and 0.0444 cm3 cm−3, and 0.0613 and 0.0605 cm3 cm−3 at −33 and −1500 kPa, respectively). The local parametric PTFs provided better estimates than Rosetta PTFs at −33 kPa. No significant difference in accuracy, however, was found between the parametric PTFs and Rosetta H2 at −1500 kPa with RMSE values of 0.0605 cm3 cm−3 and 0.0636 cm3 cm−3, respectively. The results of global sensitivity analyses (GSAs) showed that the mathematical formalism of PTFs and their input variables reacted differently in terms of point pressure and texture. The point and parametric PTFs were sensitive mainly to the sand fraction in the fine- and medium-textural classes. The use of clay percentage (C %) and bulk density (BD) as inputs in the medium-textural class improved the estimation of PTFs at −33 kPa.
VIABILIDADE DE Toxoplasma gondii EM CARNE OVINA APÓS TRATAMENTOS TÉRMICOS COM DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS
Authors: Federle Michelle , Ossani Renata Arruda , De Souza Antonio Pereira , De Moura Anderson Barbosa , Weiss Paulo Henrique Exterchoter 
Published: December 2016

A carne ovina possui grande potencial de transmissão do Toxoplasma gondii para os seres humanos e demais animais carnívoros, principalmente quando consumida crua ou mal passada. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do resfriamento e congelamento sobre a viabilidade de cistos deste parasito em tecido muscular ovino, foram utilizados cortes cárneos de um cordeiro naturalmente infectado por T. gondii, com titulação de 1:256 na RIFI. Coração, fígado, diafragma e cérebro foram coletados em formol 10% para histopatológico. Coração e cortes musculares da paleta, costela e pernil foram usados nos tratamentos “in natura”, resfriados a 7°C por 24h e congelados a -10°C por 12h, 60h e 120h. Após cada tratamento, foram coletados 50g dos cortes e 16g do coração para realização do bioensaio em camundongos e PCR. Após oito semanas, os camundongos foram eutanasiados e coletados órgãos para histopatológico, cérebro para “squash” e PCR e soro para RIFI. Foram positivos dois camundongos inoculados com amostras “in natura” e um inoculado com amostra após o resfriamento. Não foi possível verificar o efeito do congelamento sobe a viabilidade do T. gondii.