bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical solutions for aquifer thermal energy storage
Authors: Nordbotten Jan Martin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe concept of aquifer thermal energy storage involves injection of water at elevated temperature, and possibly nonambient salinity, into a host aquifer. We consider axisymmetric injection, wherein both the composition and temperature of the injected fluid differ from the fluid in the target aquifer. In this setting, we derive the governing equations within a vertically integrated framework, and show their self‐similar structure. We subsequently derive explicit approximate solutions to the self‐similar equations for parameter ranges of relevance to thermal energy storage (small density and viscosity differences). The analysis is supported by numerical validation, covering the relevant parameter regime. The resulting comparisons demonstrate the mathematical qualities of the analytical approximations. A study based on field data from analogue sites justifies the assertions regarding the magnitude of the dimensionless parameters used in the analysis.
Incorporating institutions and collective action into a sociohydrological model of flood resilience
Authors: Yu David J. , Sangwan Nikhil , Sung Kyungmin , Chen Xi , Merwade Venkatesh 
Published: January 2017

AbstractStylized sociohydrological models have mainly used social memory aspects such as community awareness or sensitivity to connect hydrologic change and social response. However, social memory alone does not satisfactorily capture the details of how human behavior is translated into collective action for water resources governance. Nor is it the only social mechanism by which the two‐way feedbacks of sociohydrology can be operationalized. This study contributes toward bridging of this gap by developing a sociohydrological model of a flood resilience that includes two additional components: (1) institutions for collective action, and (2) connections to an external economic system. Motivated by the case of community‐managed flood protection systems (polders) in coastal Bangladesh, we use the model to understand critical general features that affect long‐term resilience of human‐flood systems. Our findings suggest that occasional adversity can enhance long‐term resilience. Allowing some hydrological variability to enter into the polder can increase its adaptive capacity for resilience through the preservation of social norm for collective action. Further, there are potential trade‐offs associated with optimization of flood resistance through structural measures. By reducing sensitivity to floods, the system may become more fragile under the double impact of floods and economic change.
Super‐interseismic periods: Redefining earthquake recurrence
Authors: Loveless John P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPrecise geodetic measurements made over broad swaths of tectonically active regions record patterns of interseismic strain accumulation, providing key insights into the locus and timing of pending earthquakes. Recent studies of geodetic position time series, including that of Melnick et al. (2017), illustrate temporal variation in the pattern of interseismic deformation. These authors propose that the 2010 Mw = 8.8 Maule, Chile, earthquake enhanced coupling on the Andean subduction zone adjacent to the rupture, including on the portion of the megathrust that broke 5 years later in the Mw = 8.3 Illapel event.
Irwin,John
Authors: Sharp Susan F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractJohn Irwin (1929–2010) was a professor of criminology, advocate for convicts and ex‐convicts, researcher, and author of six books. Prior to obtaining his education, he was imprisoned in the California prison system for armed robbery. Irwin was also a founding member of what is known as the New School of Convict Criminology and an advocate for former prisoners seeking higher education. His work has helped shape the direction of criminology and public policy in the United States.
MississippiStatePenitentiary
Authors: Cook Amanda P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMississippi State Penitentiary, also known as Parchman Farm, is one of America's most infamous prisons. With a history interlaced with slavery, convict leasing, and white supremacy, Parchman Farm was forced to make sweeping changes in the 1970s, due largely to the civil rights movement and federal court rulings. Today, Mississippi State Penitentiary operates as one of Mississippi's three state prisons; however, this facility is no longer as self‐sustaining and profitable as it once was.
Validity and Responsiveness of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score: A Comparative Study Among Total Knee Replacement Patients
Authors: Gandek Barbara , Ware John E. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate validity and responsiveness of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in relation to other patient‐reported outcome measures before and after total knee replacement (TKR).MethodsPre‐TKR and 6‐month post‐TKR data from 1,143 patients in a US joint replacement cohort were used to compare the KOOS, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the SF‐36 Health Survey (SF‐36). Validity was evaluated with multiple methods, including correlations of pre‐TKR scale scores and analysis of variance models that used pre‐TKR data to compare the relative validity of scales in discriminating between groups differing in assistive walking device use and number of comorbid conditions. Validity was also evaluated by using post‐TKR minus pre‐TKR change scores to assess relative validity of scales in discriminating between groups rating themselves as better, same, or worse (BSW) in their capability to do activities at 6 months. Responsiveness also was described using effect sizes and standardized response means.ResultsIn support of convergent and discriminant validity, KOOS scale scores were worse for patients using an assistive device but only declined weakly with increasing comorbid conditions. While all knee‐specific scales discriminated between BSW groups, the KOOS quality of life (QOL) scale was significantly better (P < 0.05) than all measures except the SF‐36 physical component summary. KOOS QOL also had the highest effect size, while SF‐36 measures had lower effect sizes and standardized response means. KOOS pain and symptoms scales discriminated better than WOMAC pain and stiffness scales among BSW groups.ConclusionKOOS scales were valid and responsive in this cohort of US TKR patients. KOOS QOL performed particularly well in capturing aggregate knee‐specific outcomes.
An Efficient Heterobimetallic Lanthanide Alkoxide Catalyst for Transamidation of Amides under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Sheng Hongting , Zeng Ruijie , Wang Wenjuan , Luo Shuwen , Feng Yan , Liu Jing , Chen Weijian , Zhu Manzhou , Guo Qingxiang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA practical heterobimetallic lanthanide‐catalyzed transamidation of primary, secondary and tertiary amides with aliphatic and aromatic amines has been developed. The methodology was also applied to the weakly reactive thioamides to demonstrate its versatility and wide substrate scope. The heterobimetallic lanthanide catalysts showed high catalytic activity and a wide scope of substrates with good to excellent yields under solvent‐free conditions. Efficient activation of the transamidation can be realized by the above complexes acting as cooperative acid–base bifunctional catalysts, which are proposed to be responsible for the higher reactivity in comparison with simple monometallic catalysts.magnified image
Atmosphere‐ and Temperature‐Controlled Regioselective Aminobromination of Olefins
Authors: Yu Wesley Zongrong , Cheng Yi An , Wong Ming Wah , Yeung Ying‐Yeung 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA complete switch of regioselectivity in the aminobromination of olefins is realized from delicate changes in the reaction temperature from 25 °C to 40 °C and the atmosphere from air to argon, under catalyst‐free conditions. The resulting α‐bromoamides can be transformed easily to high‐value compounds (e.g., Clobenzorex). Mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction went through a radical pathway governed by in‐situ generated bromo(tosyl)amine (TsNHBr).magnified image
Thermal behavior of injection‐ and compression‐molded custom‐built polylactic acids
Authors: Barletta Massimiliano , Moretti Patrizia , Pizzi Elisa , Puopolo Michela , Vesco Silvia , Tagliaferri Vincenzo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn recent time, the quest for renewable materials for the development of packaging items is constantly increasing. The class of polylactic acids (PLAs) is the most promising one, although a broader scale commercial expansion of these polymers cannot leave unceasing enhancement of their functional properties aside, especially toughness and thermal stability. Similarly, continuous innovation in prototyping competitive easy‐route solutions for material processing is another key to successful industrial applications of PLAs. In this respect, this study deals with the design and formulation of innovative custom‐built PLAs for injection and compression molding, which are compostable, suitable for food contact, and characterized by a good compromise of mechanical properties and thermal resistance. Therefore, a commercial grade PLA was modified by reactive compounding extrusion with maleic anhydride (MAH)‐grafted PLA (PLA‐MA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)‐grafted PLA (PLA‐GMA) and micro‐lamellar talc. Material structure and thermal response of the compounds were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The experimental findings show that material structure and, especially, crystallization of the PLA can be controlled by fine‐tuning the compound formulation. In addition, achievement of the appropriate crystallization degree in the polymer can lead to compostable composite materials with good thermal stability. Accordingly, the custom‐built PLA formulations feature the potential to expand significantly the fields of application of compostable biopolymers, thus posing a valid alternative to both durable not compostable bioplastics and conventional plastics in injection and compression molding process.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Remote Aryldifluoroalkylation of Alkenyl Aldehydes
Authors: Nie Xingliang , Cheng Cungui , Zhu Gangguo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed three‐component reaction between fluoroalkyl bromides, arylboronic acids, and alkenyl aldehydes has been developed and provides facile access to 5‐, 6‐, or 7‐difluoroalkylated ketones under very mild reaction conditions. The resultant products can be smoothly converted into CF2‐containing tetrahydronaphthalenes by a novel silver‐catalyzed intramolecular decarboxylative cyclization of 5‐aryl‐2,2‐difluoropentanoic acids.
Highly Porous Thermoelectric Nanocomposites with Low Thermal Conductivity and High Figure of Merit from Large‐Scale Solution‐Synthesized Bi2Te2.5Se0.5 Hollow Nanostructures
Authors: Xu Biao , Feng Tianli , Agne Matthias T. , Zhou Lin , Ruan Xiulin , Snyder G. Jeffery , Wu Yue 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTo enhance the performance of thermoelectric materials and enable access to their widespread applications, it is beneficial yet challenging to synthesize hollow nanostructures in large quantities, with high porosity, low thermal conductivity (κ) and excellent figure of merit (z T). Herein we report a scalable (ca. 11.0 g per batch) and low‐temperature colloidal processing route for Bi2Te2.5Se0.5 hollow nanostructures. They are sintered into porous, bulk nanocomposites (phi 10 mm×h 10 mm) with low κ (0.48 W m−1 K−1) and the highest z T (1.18) among state‐of‐the‐art Bi2Te3−xSex materilas. Additional benefits of the unprecedented low relative density (68–77 %) are the large demand reduction of raw materials and the improved portability. This method can be adopted to fabricate other porous phase‐transition and thermoelectric chalcogenide materials and will pave the way for the implementation of hollow nanostructures in other fields.
Water Catalysis of the Reaction between Methanol and OH at 294 K and the Atmospheric Implications
Authors: Jara‐Toro Rafael A. , Hernández Federico J. , Taccone Raúl A. , Lane Silvia I. , Pino Gustavo A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe rate coefficient for the reaction CH3OH+OH was determined by means of a relative method in a simulation chamber under quasi‐real atmospheric conditions (294 K, 1 atm of air) and variable humidity or water concentration. Under these conditions, a quadratic dependence of the rate coefficient for the reaction CH3OH+OH on the water concentration was found. Thus the catalytic effect of water is not only important at low temperatures, but also at room temperature. The detailed mechanism responsible of the reaction acceleration is still unknown. However, this dependence should be included in the atmospheric global models since it is expected to be important in humid regions as in the tropics. Additionally, it could explain several differences regarding the global and local atmospheric concentration of methanol in tropical areas, for which many speculations about the sinks and sources of methanol have been reported.
BAB‐random‐C Monomer Sequence via Radical Terpolymerization of Limonene (A), Maleimide (B), and Methacrylate (C): Terpene Polymers with Randomly Distributed Periodic Sequences
Authors: Ojika Masataka , Satoh Kotaro , Kamigaito Masami 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA naturally abundant terpene, limonene (A), was radically polymerized with a maleimide derivative (B) and methacrylate (C) in a fluorinated alcohol to give terpolymers with unprecedented BAB‐random‐C sequences in which the BAB monomer sequence was randomly copolymerized with a C unit. In each binary system, limonene was hardly copolymerized with methacrylate while it was efficiently copolymerized with maleimide to result in a 1:2‐alternating BAB periodic sequence, in part due to the penultimate effects and hydrogen‐bonding interactions with fluoroalcohol. Methacrylate and maleimide were randomly copolymerized to give copolymers rich in methacrylate units with minimal amounts of maleimide–maleimide sequences. Their terpolymerization resulted in a BAB‐r‐C sequence as a consequence of the selective BAB polymerization between limonene and maleimide, the random copolymerization between methacrylate and maleimide, and the lack of copolymerization between limonene and methacrylate.
One‐Pot Bimetallic Pd/Cu‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Sulfonamides from Boronic Acids, DABSO and O‐Benzoyl Hydroxylamines
Authors: Zhu Haibo , Shen Yajing , Deng Qinyue , Huang Changyu , Tu Tao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA practical and straightforward bimetallic Pd/Cu catalytic system has been developed. This system affords various sulfonamides in one pot from easy‐to‐handle and readily available boronic acids, sulfur dioxide surrogate DABSO and O‐benzoyl hydroxylamines in high yields. Without additional ligands, the newly developed catalytic system revealed a broad substrate scope for both partners and tolerated a wide array of functional groups even at low catalyst loadings. Furthermore, based on control experiments, a plausible mechanism has been proposed, in which sodium sulfinate has been isolated and identified as the crucial intermediate for this transformation.
Prediction of liver volume – a population‐based approach to meta‐analysis of paediatric, adult and geriatric populations – an update
Authors: Small Ben G. , Wendt Bernd , Jamei Masoud , Johnson Trevor N. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLiver volume is a critical scaling factor for predicting drug clearance in physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling and for both donor/recipient graft size estimation in liver transplantation. The accurate and precise estimation of liver volume is therefore essential. The objective here was to extend an existing meta‐analysis using a non‐linear mixed effects modelling approach for the estimation of liver volume to other race groups and paediatric and geriatric populations. Interrogation of the PubMed® database was undertaken using a text string query to ensure as objective a retrieval of liver volume data for the modelling exercise as possible. Missing body size parameters were estimated using simulations from the Simcyp Simulator V13R1 for an age and ethnically appropriate population. Non‐linear mixed effect modelling was undertaken in Phoenix 1.3 (Certara) utilizing backward deletion and forward inclusion of covariates from fully parameterized models. Existing liver volume models based on body surface area (BSA) and body weight and height were implemented for comparison. The extension of a structural model using a BSA equation and incorporating the Japanese race and age as covariates and exponents on LV0 (θBaseline) and body surface area (θBSA), respectively, delivered a comparatively low objective function value. Bootstrapping of the original dataset revealed that the confidence intervals (2.5–97.5%) for the fitted (theta) parameter estimates were bounded by the bootstrapped estimates of the same. In conclusion, extension and re‐parameterization of the existing Johnson model adequately describes changes in liver volume using the body surface area in all investigated populations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Log D versus HPLC derived hydrophobicity: The development of predictive tools to aid in the rational design of bioactive peptoids
Authors: Bolt H. L. , Williams C. E. J. , Brooks R. V. , Zuckermann R. N. , Cobb S. L. , Bromley E. H. C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHydrophobicity has proven to be an extremely useful parameter in small molecule drug discovery programmes given that it can be used as a predictive tool to enable rational design. For larger molecules, including peptoids, where folding is possible, the situation is more complicated and the average hydrophobicity (as determined by RP‐HPLC retention time) may not always provide an effective predictive tool for rational design. Herein, we report the first ever application of partitioning experiments to determine the log D values for a series of peptoids. By comparing log D and average hydrophobicities we highlight the potential advantage of employing the former as a predictive tool in the rational design of biologically active peptoids.
Three-point transfusion risk score in hepatectomy
Authors:   HPB CONCEPT Team, Lemke M , Law C H L , Li J , Dixon E , Tun Abraham M , Hernandez Alejandro R , Bennett S , Martel G , Karanicolas P J 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background
Perioperative red blood cell transfusions are required in up to 23 per cent of patients undergoing hepatectomy. Previous research has developed three transfusion risk scores to assess risk of perioperative red blood cell transfusion. Here, the performance of these transfusion risk scores was evaluated in a multicentre cohort of patients who underwent hepatectomy and compared with that of a simplified transfusion risk score.

Methods
A database of patients undergoing hepatectomy at four specialized centres between 2008 and 2012 was developed. External validity was assessed by discrimination and calibration. Discrimination was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Calibration was evaluated by the degree of agreement between predicted and actual red blood cell transfusion probabilities. A simplified transfusion risk score using variables common to the three models was created, and discrimination and calibration were evaluated.

Results
There were 1287 patients included in this study, with 341 (26·5 per cent) receiving a red blood cell transfusion. Discriminative ability was similar between the three transfusion risk scores, with AUCs of 0·66–0·68 and good calibration. A new three-point risk score was developed based on factors present in all models: haemoglobin 12·5 g/dl or less, primary liver malignancy and major resection (at least 4 segments). Discriminative ability and calibration of the three-point model were similar to those of the three existing models, with an AUC of 0·66.

Conclusion
The three-point transfusion risk score simplifies assessment of perioperative transfusion risk in hepatectomy without sacrificing predictive ability.
Outcomes of surgical shunts and transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic stent shunts for complicated portal hypertension
Authors: Hosokawa I , Adam R , Allard M-A , Pittau G , Vibert E , Cherqui D , Sa Cunha A , Bismuth H , Miyazaki M , Castaing D 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background
Transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic stent shunt (TIPSS), instead of surgical shunt, has become the standard treatment for patients with complicated portal hypertension. This study compared outcomes in patients who underwent TIPSS or surgical shunting for complicated portal hypertension.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of all consecutive patients who received portasystemic shunts from 1994 to 2014 at a single institution. Patients who underwent surgical shunting were compared with those who had a TIPSS procedure following one-to-one propensity score matching. The primary study endpoints were overall survival and shunt failure, defined as major variceal rebleeding, relapse of refractory ascites, irreversible shunt occlusion, liver failure requiring liver transplantation, or death.

Results
A total of 471 patients received either a surgical shunt or TIPSS. Of these, 334 consecutive patients with cirrhosis who underwent elective surgical shunting (34) or TIPSS (300) for repeated variceal bleeding or refractory ascites were evaluated. Propensity score matching yielded 31 pairs of patients. There were no between-group differences in morbidity and 30-day mortality rates. However, shunt failure was less frequent after surgical shunting than TIPSS (6 of 31 versus 16 of 31; P = 0·016). The 5-year shunt failure-free survival (77 versus 15 per cent; P = 0·008) and overall survival (93 versus 42 per cent; P = 0·037) rates were higher for patients with surgical shunts. Multivariable analysis revealed that a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score exceeding14 and TIPSS were independently associated with shunt failure. In patients with MELD scores of 14 or less, the 5-year overall survival rate remained higher after surgical shunting than TIPSS (100 versus 40 per cent; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Surgical shunting achieved better results than TIPSS in patients with complicated portal hypertension and low MELD scores.
Comparative pharmacokinetic study of the main components of cortex fraxini after oral administration in normal and hyperuricemic rats
Authors: Wang Yinan , Zhao Min , Ye Hao , Shao Yizhen , Yu Yongbo , Wang Miao , Zhao Chunjie 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCortex Fraxini is an important traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. An efficient and rapid ultra‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of six coumarins (aesculin, fraxin, aesculetin, fraxetin, sopoletin and 7‐hydroxycoumarin) in normal and hyperuricemic rats plasma after oral administration of Cortex Fraxini. The method could successfully be applied for pharmacokinetics studies. The pharmacokinetic behavior of six coumarins in normal and hyperuricemia rats plasma was determined. Results showed that, for some of analytes, the pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, Cmax, Tmax and CL) were significantly different between normal and hyperuricemic rats. The different pharmacokinetic parameters might result from renal impairment or a change of metabolic enzymes in the pathological state. The pharmacokinetic study in pathological state could provide more useful information to guide the clinical use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine.