bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PLAN ESTRATÉGICO DE MOVILIDAD SOSTENIBLE DE LA COMUNIDAD DE MADRID 2013-2025
Authors: Martínez Palencia Luis Miguel , Martín Duque Domingo , Gómez López Francisco Javier , González García Dionisio 
Published: October 2016

En la Comunidad de Madrid se producen diariamente más de 16 millones de viajes de los que, aproximadamente, el 70% se realiza en modos motorizados (vehículos privados y transporte colectivo). A ello cabe sumar una intensa actividad de transporte de mercancías que, en su mayor parte, se realiza por carretera. El sistema de transporte tiene una incidencia directa en el desarrollo económico de la región y en la calidad de vida de sus ciudadanos. Se hace imprescindible el esfuerzo coordinado entre las distintas administraciones para el desarrollo de los programas y acciones necesarias para la consecución de un sistema de transportes regional eficiente, seguro y sostenible. En este contexto, el Consorcio Regional de Transportes de Madrid ha desarrollado el Plan Estratégico de Movilidad Sostenible, con un horizonte de 12 años (2013 – 2025), que contempla más 50 programas, englobados en 12 medidas maestras. El Plan se ha desarrollado en colaboración con las diferentes administraciones, siguiendo las directrices establecidas en la Estrategia Española de Movilidad Sostenible (2009) y las principales recomendaciones europeas en materia de movilidad sostenible y transporte. Asimismo, el Plan Estratégico de Movilidad incorpora los objetivos establecidos en la Estrategia de Calidad del Aire y Cambio Climático de la Comunidad de Madrid 2013-2020 (Plan Azul +), así como los Planes sectoriales vigentes en materia energética derivados de la Estrategia 20-20-20 de la Unión EuropeaDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4270
Air–snow exchange of nitrate: a modelling approach to investigate physicochemical processes in surface snow at Dome C, Antarctica
Authors: Bock Josué , Savarino Joël , Picard Ghislain 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Snowpack is a multiphase (photo)chemical reactor that strongly influences the air composition in polar and snow-covered regions. Snowpack plays a special role in the nitrogen cycle, as it has been shown that nitrate undergoes numerous recycling stages (including photolysis) in the snow before being permanently buried in the ice. However, the current understanding of these physicochemical processes remains very poor. Several modelling studies have attempted to reproduce (photo)chemical reactions inside snow grains, but these have relied on strong assumptions to characterise snow reactive properties, which are not well defined. Air–snow exchange processes such as adsorption, solid-state diffusion, or co-condensation also affect snow chemical composition. Here, we present a physically based model of these processes for nitrate. Using as input a 1-year-long time series of atmospheric nitrate concentration measured at Dome C, Antarctica, our model reproduces with good agreement the nitrate measurements in the surface snow. By investigating the relative importance of the main exchange processes, this study shows that, on the one hand, the combination of bulk diffusion and co-condensation allows a good reproduction of the measurements (correlation coefficient r = 0.95), with a correct amplitude and timing of summer peak concentration of nitrate in snow. During winter, nitrate concentration in surface snow is mainly driven by thermodynamic equilibrium, whilst the peak observed in summer is explained by the kinetic process of co-condensation. On the other hand, the adsorption of nitric acid on the surface of the snow grains, constrained by an already existing parameterisation for the isotherm, fails to fit the observed variations. During winter and spring, the modelled concentration of adsorbed nitrate is respectively 2.5 and 8.3-fold higher than the measured one. A strong diurnal variation driven by the temperature cycle and a peak occurring in early spring are two other major features that do not match the measurements. This study clearly demonstrates that co-condensation is the most important process to explain nitrate incorporation in snow undergoing temperature gradient metamorphism. The parameterisation developed for this process can now be used as a foundation piece in snowpack models to predict the inter-relationship between snow physical evolution and snow nitrate chemistry.
Assessment of lidar depolarization uncertainty by means of a polarimetric
lidar simulator
Authors: Bravo-Aranda Juan Antonio , Belegante Livio , Freudenthaler Volker , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Nicolae Doina , Granados-Muñoz María José , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis , Amodeo Aldo , D'Amico Giusseppe , Engelmann Ronny , Pappalardo Gelsomina , Kokkalis Panos , Mamouri Rodanthy , Papayannis Alex , Navas-Guzmán Francisco , Olmo Francisco José , Wandinger Ulla , Amato Francesco , Haeffelin Martial 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Lidar depolarization measurements distinguish between spherical and non-spherical aerosol particles based on the change of the polarization state between the emitted and received signal. The particle shape information in combination with other aerosol optical properties allows the characterization of different aerosol types and the retrieval of aerosol particle microphysical properties. Regarding the microphysical inversions, the lidar depolarization technique is becoming a key method since particle shape information can be used by algorithms based on spheres and spheroids, optimizing the retrieval procedure. Thus, the identification of the depolarization error sources and the quantification of their effects are crucial. This work presents a new tool to assess the systematic error of the volume linear depolarization ratio (δ), combining the Stokes–Müller formalism and the complete sampling of the error space using the lidar model presented in Freudenthaler (2016a). This tool is applied to a synthetic lidar system and to several EARLINET lidars with depolarization capabilities at 355 or 532 nm. The lidar systems show relative errors of δ larger than 100 % for δ values around molecular linear depolarization ratios (∼ 0.004 and up to ∼  10 % for δ = 0.45). However, one system shows only relative errors of 25 and 0.22 % for δ = 0.004 and δ = 0.45, respectively, and gives an example of how a proper identification and reduction of the main error sources can drastically reduce the systematic errors of δ. In this regard, we provide some indications of how to reduce the systematic errors.
Trends in soil solution dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations across
European forests
Authors: Camino-Serrano Marta , Graf Pannatier Elisabeth , Vicca Sara , Luyssaert Sebastiaan , Jonard Mathieu , Ciais Philippe , Guenet Bertrand , Gielen Bert , Peñuelas Josep , Sardans Jordi , Waldner Peter , Etzold Sophia , Cecchini Guia , Clarke Nicholas , Galić Zoran , Gandois Laure , Hansen Karin , Johnson Jim , Klinck Uwe , Lachmanová Zora , Lindroos Antti-Jussi , Meesenburg Henning , Nieminen Tiina M. , Sanders Tanja G. M. , Sawicka Kasia , Seidling Walter , Thimonier Anne , Vanguelova Elena , Verstraeten Arne , Vesterdal Lars , Janssens Ivan A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in surface waters is connected to DOC in soil solution through hydrological pathways. Therefore, it is expected that long-term dynamics of DOC in surface waters reflect DOC trends in soil solution. However, a multitude of site studies have failed so far to establish consistent trends in soil solution DOC, whereas increasing concentrations in European surface waters over the past decades appear to be the norm, possibly as a result of recovery from acidification. The objectives of this study were therefore to understand the long-term trends of soil solution DOC from a large number of European forests (ICP Forests Level II plots) and determine their main physico-chemical and biological controls. We applied trend analysis at two levels: (1) to the entire European dataset and (2) to the individual time series and related trends with plot characteristics, i.e., soil and vegetation properties, soil solution chemistry and atmospheric deposition loads. Analyses of the entire dataset showed an overall increasing trend in DOC concentrations in the organic layers, but, at individual plots and depths, there was no clear overall trend in soil solution DOC. The rate change in soil solution DOC ranged between −16.8 and +23 % yr−1 (median  = +0.4 % yr−1) across Europe. The non-significant trends (40 %) outnumbered the increasing (35 %) and decreasing trends (25 %) across the 97 ICP Forests Level II sites. By means of multivariate statistics, we found increasing trends in DOC concentrations with increasing mean nitrate (NO3−) deposition and increasing trends in DOC concentrations with decreasing mean sulfate (SO42−) deposition, with the magnitude of these relationships depending on plot deposition history. While the attribution of increasing trends in DOC to the reduction of SO42− deposition could be confirmed in low to medium N deposition areas, in agreement with observations in surface waters, this was not the case in high N deposition areas. In conclusion, long-term trends of soil solution DOC reflected the interactions between controls acting at local (soil and vegetation properties) and regional (atmospheric deposition of SO42− and inorganic N) scales.
Risk assessment in the North Caucasus ski resorts
Authors: Komarov Anton Y. , Seliverstov Yury G. , Glazovskaya Tatyana G. , Turchaninova Alla S. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Avalanches pose a significant problem in most mountain regions of Russia. The constant growth of economic activity, and therefore the increased avalanche hazard, in the North Caucasus region lead to demand for the development of large-scale avalanche risk assessment methods. Such methods are needed for the determination of appropriate avalanche protection measures as well as for economic assessments.The requirement of natural hazard risk assessments is determined by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation (Federal Law 21.12.1994 N 68-FZ, 2016). However, Russian guidelines (SNIP 11-02-96, 2013; SNIP 22-02-2003, 2012) are not clearly presented concerning avalanche risk assessment calculations. Thus, we discuss these problems by presenting a new avalanche risk assessment approach, with the example of developing but poorly researched ski resort areas. The suggested method includes the formulas to calculate collective and individual avalanche risk. The results of risk analysis are shown in quantitative data that can be used to determine levels of avalanche risk (appropriate, acceptable and inappropriate) and to suggest methods to decrease the individual risk to an acceptable level or better. The analysis makes it possible to compare risk quantitative data obtained from different regions, analyze them and evaluate the economic feasibility of protection measures.
Cognitive Function May be a Predictor of Retinopathy Progression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Trento Marina , Charrier Lorena , Salassa Martina , Merlo Stefano , Passera Pietro , Baltatescu Anatolie , Cavallo Franco , Porta Massimo 
Published: October 2016

Purpose Microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes, such as retinopathy and nephropathy, progress over time and may be associated with cognitive decline. In this article, we aim to gain further insight into the association between cognitive function and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. Methods and Results In this observational 8-year prospective study of 498 outpatients, demographic and clinical variables were monitored, along with retinopathy, depression, anxiety, and cognitive function. Baseline fundus photographs were available in 477 patients, 240 with no retinopathy, 110 with mild retinopathy, and 127 with moderate/more severe retinopathy. Of the first 2 groups, 279 patients were reevaluated after 8 years, of whom 181 still had no/mild retinopathy and 98 had progressed to more severe stages. On multivariate analysis, retinopathy progression was associated with being insulin-treated (p = 0.036), and worse cognitive function (p = 0.025) at baseline. Conclusions Cognitive function may be an independent predictor of retinopathy progression.
Twelve-Month Quality of Life Improvement and All-Cause Mortality in Elderly Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Kleczyński Paweł , Bagieński Maciej , Dziewierz Artur , Rzeszutko Łukasz , Sorysz Danuta , Trębacz Jarosław , Sobczyński Robert , Tomala Marek , Stąpór Maciej , Dudek Dariusz 
Published: October 2016

Purpose Restoration of quality of life (QoL) and improvement of clinical outcomes is crucial in elderly patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We sought to evaluate changes in QoL and all-cause mortality 12 months after TAVI. Methods A total of 101 patients who underwent TAVI were included. Patients were followed for 12 months. QoL was assessed at baseline and at 1, 6 and 12 months after TAVI using EQ-5D-3L with a visual analog scale (VAS). Results Patients who reported some problems with mobility at baseline showed better mobility after 12 months (p = 0.001). On the other hand, those who reported issues with self-care, usual activity or pain did not show significant improvement (p = 0.41; p = 0.12; p = 0.27, respectively). Patients reporting anxiety at baseline improved 12 months later (p = 0.003). VAS score showed an incremental increase during follow-up (p<0.001). Transfemoral access was associated with higher VAS score values after 1 month (median (IQR): 65.0 (50.0–75.0) vs. 54.0 (50.0–60.0); p = 0.019) but not after 12 months (70.0 (62.5–80.0) vs. 67.5 (55.0–70.0); p = 0.07) as compared to non-transfemoral access. In multivariable regression analysis, only age and the presence of coronary chronic total occlusion were independently associated with VAS score at 12 months. In-hospital, 1-, 6- and 12-month mortality rates were 6.9%, 10.9%, 15.8 and 17.8%, respectively. Conclusions TAVI provides improved QoL with relatively good clinical outcomes. However, not all components of QoL may be improved. Patients treated with transfemoral access might have better QoL than those who had non-transfemoral access, especially early after TAVI.
Controlled Release of Strontium through Neutralization Reaction within a Methoxy(Polyethylene Glycol)-Polyesterc hydrogel
Authors: Peng Sydney , Lai Zhi-Teng , Hong Ding-Wei , Chu I-Ming , Lai Po-Liang 
Published: October 2016

Background The aim of this study was to develop a minimally invasive hydrogel system that can release strontium ions, an element that has been shown to increase osteoblast proliferation and prohibit bone resorption, in a controlled manner. Methods SrCO3 was selected as the salt of choice due to potential acid neutralization reaction between SrCO3 and degradation by-products of methoxy(polyethylene glycol)- co-poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) (mPEG-PLGA): namely, lactic acid and glycolic acid. SrCO3 was incorporated into mPEG-PLGA hydrogel, and the system was assessed for gelation properties, drug release and biocompatibility. Results SrCO3 incorporation at hydrogel to SrCO3 ratios of 5:1, 3:1 and 1:1 (wt%) did not compromise the thermosensitivity of mPEG-PLGA hydrogels. Furthermore, incorporation of SrCO3 at 1:1 ratio prevented copolymer self-catalysis and decreased hydrogel weight loss from 85% to 61% in vitro after 30 days. During the 30-day time frame, zero-order strontium release was observed and was correlated to hydrogel degradation and acidity. The addition of SrCO3 also improved in vivo hydrogel biocompatibility, due to moderation of acidic microenvironment and amelioration of inflammatory response. Conclusions These results showed that the described system is suitable for the extended release of strontium and exhibits potential for localized treatment for osteoporosis or as a bone void filler.
Bilateral Lymph Node Micrometastases and Seminal Vesicle Invasion Associated with Same Clinical Predictors in Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Porcaro Antonio B. , de Luyk Nicolò , Corsi Paolo , Sebben Marco , Tafuri Alessandro , Tamanini Irene , Processali Tania , Cerruto Maria A. , Migliorini Filippo , Brunelli Matteo , Siracusano Salvatore , Artibani Walter 
Published: October 2016

Aim To determine clinical factors associated with multiple bilateral lymph node micrometastases and seminal vesicle invasion (pT3b) in organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa). Methods The study excluded patients under androgen deprivation, with lymph node involvement (cN1 status), and having undergone unilateral pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) during radical prostatectomy (RP). Lymph node micrometastases were classified as unilateral (pN1m) and bilateral (pN1b). Analysis considered multivariate multinomial logistic regression models. Results Between January 2013 and March 2015, 140 patients underwent PLND during RP. Lymph node micrometastases were detected in 28 cases (20%) including pN1m in 19 (13.6%) and pN1b in 9 (6.4%). Independent clinical predictors of pN1b included prostate-specific antigen (PSA, µg/L) >12.5 (odds ratio [OR] = 43.0), proportion of positive biopsy cores (PBC) >0.57 (OR = 6.7), and biopsy Gleason grade (bGG) >3 (OR = 7.5). Independent pT3b predictors included PSA>12.5 (OR = 3.8), PBC>0.57 (OR = 4.1), and bGG>3 (OR = 3.8). Conclusions In cN0 patients with localized PCa undergoing PLND, a nonnegligible rate of multiple lymph node micrometastases was detected (32.2%). In the natural history of PCa, there is a close association between pT3b and pN1b disease. Prostate cancer patients who are at high risk of extraglandular extension need selective pelvic staging by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging to assess seminal vesicle invasion. Operated patients with pT3b and pNx status need close PSA monitoring because of the high probability of occult multiple bilateral lymph node micrometastases.
Simultaneous Integrated Bilateral Breast and Nodal Irradiation with Volumetric arc Therapy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Fiorentino Alba , Tebano Umberto , Ruggieri Ruggero , Ricchetti Francesco , Alongi Filippo 
Published: October 2016

Aim For simultaneous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC) treatment, conventional radiotherapy (RT) has a number of critical shortcomings. Thus, the usefulness of volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) for SBBC is undeniable. Case Report A 34-year-old woman with SBBC received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by breast-conserving surgery and bilateral lymph node dissection. Given the conservative surgery and the nodal involvement after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, bilateral adjuvant RT to the breasts and regional nodes with doses of 50 Gy in 25 fractions and a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) of 60 Gy to the surgical bed was proposed. Monoisocentric VMAT using 2 pairs of arcs was performed with adequate target dose coverage and low doses to the organs at risk. The results of this case were compared with those of previous studies in terms of RT technique and irradiated volumes. Conclusions VMAT is feasible and safe in the treatment of SBBC with SIB and nodal irradiation.
Conservative Approach for a Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Kidney
Authors: Martini Alberto , Dattolo Eugenio , Raspollini Maria Rosaria , Villari Donata , Nicita Giulio , Paoletti Maria Cristina 
Published: October 2016

Introduction Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the kidney represents a rare neoplasm, and its malignant potential seems to be scarce. Classically, a radical nephrectomy is regarded as the treatment of choice for this condition. Case Report We present the case of a 37-year-old male patient who underwent left robotic clampless partial nephrectomy of an SFT of the kidney. Our patient has been followed-up carefully, and at 15-month examination, he is free of recurrence. This is the second case of an SFT managed through a conservative approach. Conclusions In our opinion, according to tumor's dimensions, partial nephrectomy may be considered for treating small SFTs.
Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy with Adult Standard Size Instruments in Children under 3 Years of Age: A 10 Years Single-Center Experience
Authors: Nouralizadeh Akbar , Basiri Abbas , Ziaee Seyed Amir Mohsen , Tabibi Ali , Sharifiaghdas Farzaneh , Narouie Behzad , Sarhangnejad Reza , Valipour Reza , Sotoudeh Mehdi , Shemshaki Hamidreza , Ketabi Nooshin , Movahed Saeed 
Published: October 2016

Background Using percutaneous nephrolitotomy (PCNL) with large adult instruments in treatment of pediatricurolithiasis is still in debate. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PCNL with adult's instrument in treatment of patients less than 3 years old. Methods Data on patient characteristics and outcomes for 261 consecutive children undergoing PCNL at a Labbafinejad University Hospital were collected prospectively from September 2006 to February 2016. Thirty-two children, with 34 renal units, who were treated with PCNL were enrolled in the study. All PCNL procedures were performed via subcostal approach with one access tract in all of them. Postoperative complications were evaluated according to the modified Clavien grading system. Results The mean age of patients was 19.4 ± 6.2 months. Two patients had bilateral stones; thus, PCNL was performed on 34 kidney units. The mean size of the largest stone diameter was 17.5 ± 7.8 mm. The mean duration of procedures was 121.52 ± 29.05 minutes, ranging from 60 to 180 minutes. The most common complication was fever (n = 9, 26.4%), and hemorrhage that needs transfusion was the second one (n = 4, 11.7%). Seventeen patients with complications were in the first degree of Clavien complication system and five of them were in the second degree. Conclusions Due to our experience, utilizing PCNL with adult-sized instruments in management of urolithiasis in less than 3 years old children appeared to be effective and relatively safe.
The Impact of Core Length on Prostate Cancer Diagnosis during a Standard 14-Core Prostate Biopsy Scheme
Authors: Dell'Atti Lucio , Ippolito Carmelo 
Published: October 2016

Introduction Even if many studies in the literature purposed to evaluate the improvement of the prostate biopsy (PBx), few studies assessed the diagnostic value of core length in PBx. In this study, we evaluated the length of needle cores sampled during transrectal PBx (TRUSBx) and its impact on cancer diagnosis in a standard 14-core scheme. Methods Medical records of 573 patients who underwent an initial TRUSBx with 14-cores scheme for suspicious prostate cancer (PCa) at our Department were reviewed. The PBx procedure and pathological evaluation were standardized. Cores lengths were compared in patients with versus without cancer, and were divided into group A and B, respectively. Statistical analysis was done to define an acceptable cut-off for biopsy length. Results The mean age of the entire cohort was 62.1 ± 7.2 years, while median total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate volume were 4.2 ng/ml and 44.7 ml, respectively. PCa was showed in 33.3% of patients. Mean core length in group A versus B was 11.9 ± 3.9 versus 11.1 ± 3.2 mm (p = 0.016). Thus, core lengths were significantly longer in patients with cancer. There were no statistically significant differences when we considered the whole length of cores sampled from the right lobe (p = 0.58) and left lobe (p = 0.34). Conclusions The cancer detection rates in cores may be increased by core length in PCa patients during a TRUSBx. Our results suggest a core length of greater than 11.8 mm as a cut-off for quality warranty.