bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statues ou silhouettes ? Portraits de l’artiste en grand homme à l’aube de la Troisième République
Authors: Gaboriaud Marie 
Published: July 2017

Le romantisme avait déjà suggéré pour l’artiste non seulement une place à part dans la société, mais aussi une responsabilité collective. Rien d’étonnant, dès lors, à ce que la République naissante, à partir de 1870, choisisse pour son panthéon des grands hommes des figures d’artistes. L’une des voies de diffusion de ce panthéon est le genre du portrait, qui se déploie surtout dans un cadre non romanesque et non fictionnel. Cependant, la forme particulière du « portrait », brève, enlevée, polymorphe, sujette à toutes les déformations et qui prend souvent le nom de « Silhouette », s’accommode mal du projet pédagogique de canonisation républicaine, dont la forme favorite est la statue, et sa traduction littéraire : la monographie. L’article s’attache à mettre en lumière ce problème, et les stratégies de détournement mises en œuvre par les portraitistes.
Ressemblance et identité : Théophile Silvestre et l’art du portrait d’après nature
Authors: Zanetta Julien 
Published: July 2017

Jugeant qu’assez de « légendes » avaient été publiées sur le compte des peintres de la tradition, Théophile Silvestre s’attelle, dès 1853, à un ambitieux projet : il entreprend d’écrire une histoire des « artistes vivants » dont il fait réaliser le portrait photographique, qu’il complète d’un portrait littéraire saisi « d’après nature ». La démarche de Silvestre, au croisement de la critique d’art, de la littérature et du journalisme, se distingue par sa radicalité de ton et sa volonté de restituer avec « autant de fidélité que d’indépendance » les personnalités de peintres si diverses. Il s’agit de comprendre comment la sincérité, qui caractérise son approche, s’élabore en faisant usage d’une ironie virulente censée doubler la « dureté » et la « rigueur » de l’image photographique. Un tel projet ne peut s’accomplir sans certaines contradictions, voire certains paradoxes.
« Portraits of Royal Children » : la reine Victoria et les débuts de la photographie de famille (1845-1860)
Authors: de Chivré Sophie 
Published: July 2017

Victoria, reine du Royaume-Uni entre 1837 et 1901, a manifesté très tôt son intérêt pour la photographie, inventée à la fin des années 1830. Alors que la souveraine et son époux soutiennent ce médium naissant, ce n’est qu’en 1860 que les premières photographies de la famille royale sont diffusées publiquement. Entre-temps, parents et enfants se prêtent au jeu du portrait photographique, comme l’attestent les albums intitulés « Portraits of Royal Children », dont les 44 volumes parcourent les années 1848 à 1899 : cet article porte sur ces photographies de famille et plus particulièrement sur celles représentant la reine accompagnée de ses enfants jusqu’en 1860. L’un des enjeux est de comprendre comment le passage du portrait peint au portrait photographique, essentiellement intime à cette époque, a entraîné une rupture dans la représentation de la souveraine en tant que mère de famille.
L’écrivain néo-latin n’est-il qu’un couseur de centons ? Réponse de Jean Dominique Fuss à Boileau et à Voltaire
Authors: Bertiau Christophe 
Published: July 2017

Encore pratiquée au xix e siècle, la littérature néo-latine souffre désormais d’un défaut de légitimité. L’une des raisons de cette perte de crédit réside dans l’émergence d’une conception nouvelle de la langue, qui devient indissociable du peuple qui la parle. Jean Dominique Fuss, poète latin tardif, se bat pour défendre sa langue première d’écriture. Parmi ses cibles, on trouve Nicolas Boileau et Voltaire. Ceux-ci placent l’écrivain néo-latin face à une alternative bien peu réjouissante : bricoler un texte nouveau à partir de morceaux des textes anciens ou renoncer à écrire correctement. Pour revaloriser la production néo-latine, Fuss s’emploie à démontrer, d’une part, que toute langue littéraire est une langue « morte », d’autre part, que l’imitation des Anciens n’empêche en rien l’originalité.
Control of Regulatory T Cell Differentiation by the Transcription Factors Thpok and LRF
Authors: Carpenter Andrea C. , Wohlfert Elizabeth , Chopp Laura B. , Vacchio Melanie S. , Nie Jia , Zhao Yongmei , Shetty Jyoti , Xiao Qi , Deng Callie , Tran Bao , Cam Margaret , Gaida Matthias M. , Belkaid Yasmine , Bosselut Rémy 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The CD4+ lineage–specific transcription factor Thpok is required for intrathymic CD4+ T cell differentiation and, together with its homolog LRF, supports CD4+ T cell helper effector responses. However, it is not known whether these factors are needed for the regulatory T cell (Treg) arm of MHC class II responses. In this study, by inactivating in mice the genes encoding both factors in differentiated Tregs, we show that Thpok and LRF are redundantly required to maintain the size and functions of the postthymic Treg pool. They support IL-2–mediated gene expression and the functions of the Treg-specific factor Foxp3. Accordingly, Treg-specific disruption of Thpok and Lrf causes a lethal inflammatory syndrome similar to that resulting from Treg deficiency. Unlike in conventional T cells, Thpok and LRF functions in Tregs are not mediated by their repression of the transcription factor Runx3. Additionally, we found that Thpok is needed for the differentiation of thymic Treg precursors, an observation in line with the fact that Foxp3+ Tregs are CD4+ cells. Thus, a common Thpok-LRF node supports both helper and regulatory arms of MHC class II responses.
Autoimmunity to Vimentin Is Associated with Outcomes of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Li Fu Jun , Surolia Ranu , Li Huashi , Wang Zheng , Kulkarni Tejaswini , Liu Gang , de Andrade Joao A. , Kass Daniel J. , Thannickal Victor J. , Duncan Steven R. , Antony Veena B. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Autoimmunity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); however, the repertoire of autoantigens involved in this disease and the clinical relevance of these autoimmune responses are still being explored. Our initial discovery assays demonstrated that circulating and intrapulmonary vimentin levels are increased in IPF patients. Subsequent studies showed native vimentin induced HLA-DR–dependent in vitro proliferation of CD4 T cells from IPF patients and enhanced the production of IL-4, IL-17, and TGF-β1 by these lymphocytes in contrast to normal control specimens. Vimentin supplementation of IPF PBMC cultures also resulted in HLA-DR–dependent production of IgG with anti-vimentin specificities. Circulating anti-vimentin IgG autoantibody levels were much greater in IPF subjects from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (n = 102) and the University of Pittsburgh (U. Pitt., n = 70) than in normal controls. Anti-vimentin autoantibody levels in IPF patients were HLA biased and inversely correlated with physiological measurements of lung function (i.e., forced expiratory volumes and diffusing capacities). Despite considerable intergroup differences in transplant-free survival between these two independent IPF cohorts, serious adverse outcomes were most frequent among the patients within each population that had the highest anti-vimentin autoantibody levels (University of Alabama at Birmingham: hazard ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.2–5.3, p = 0.012; University of Pittsburgh: hazard ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3–5.5, p = 0.006). These data show that anti-vimentin autoreactivity is prevalent in IPF patients and is strongly associated with disease manifestations. These findings have implications with regard to the pathogenesis of this enigmatic disease and raise the possibility that therapies specifically directed at these autoimmune processes could have therapeutic efficacy.
Nitric Oxide Modulates Macrophage Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection through Activation of HIF-1α and Repression of NF-κB
Authors: Braverman Jonathan , Stanley Sarah A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
IFN-γ is essential for control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms by which IFN-γ controls infection remain only partially understood. One of the crucial IFN-γ target genes required for control of M. tuberculosis is inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Although NO produced by iNOS is thought to have direct bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis, the role of NO as a signaling molecule has been poorly characterized in the context M. tuberculosis infection. In this study, we found that iNOS broadly regulates the macrophage transcriptome during M. tuberculosis infection, activating antimicrobial pathways while also limiting inflammatory cytokine production. The transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was recently shown to be critical for IFN-γ–mediated control of M. tuberculosis infection. We found that HIF-1α function requires NO production, and that HIF-1α and iNOS are linked by a positive feedback loop that amplifies macrophage activation. Furthermore, we found that NO inhibits NF-κB activity to prevent hyperinflammatory responses. Thus, NO activates robust microbicidal programs while also limiting damaging inflammation. IFN-γ signaling must carefully calibrate an effective immune response that does not cause excessive tissue damage, and this study identifies NO as a key player in establishing this balance during M. tuberculosis infection.
Adaptive from Innate: Human IFN-γ+CD4+ T Cells Can Arise Directly from CXCL8-Producing Recent Thymic Emigrants in Babies and Adults
Authors: Das Abhishek , Rouault-Pierre Kevin , Kamdar Shraddha , Gomez-Tourino Iria , Wood Kristie , Donaldson Ian , Mein Charles A. , Bonnet Dominique , Hayday Adrian C. , Gibbons Deena L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe recently demonstrated that the major effector function of neonatal CD4+ T cells is to produce CXCL8, a prototypic cytokine of innate immune cells. In this article, we show that CXCL8 expression, prior to proliferation, is common in newly arising T cells (so-called “recent thymic emigrants”) in adults, as well as in babies. This effector potential is acquired in the human thymus, prior to TCR signaling, but rather than describing end-stage differentiation, such cells, whether isolated from neonates or adults, can further differentiate into IFN-γ–producing CD4+ T cells. Thus, the temporal transition of host defense from innate to adaptive immunity is unexpectedly mirrored at the cellular level by the capacity of human innate-like CXCL8-producing CD4+ T cells to transition directly into Th1 cells.
Assessing Progression of Keratoconus and Cross-linking Efficacy: The Belin ABCD Progression Display
Authors: Belin Michael W , Meyer Jay J , Duncan Josh K , Gelman Rachel , Borgstrom Mark 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Several methods have been described to both evaluate and document progression in keratoconus and to show efficacy of cross-linking, however, there are no consistent generally accepted parameters. Modern corneal tomography, including both anterior and posterior elevation and pachymetric data can be used to screen for ectatic progression, be employed to detect earlier change and additionally to show efficacy of new treatment modalities, such as crosslinking.
To describe specific quantitative values that can be used as progression and efficacy determinants, the normal noise measurements of the three parameters used in the ABCD keratoconus classification (corneal thickness at the thinnest point, anterior and posterior radius of curvature taken from the 3.0 mm optical zone centered on the thinnest point), were determined. Values were obtained from both a normal population and a known keratoconic population. The 80 and 95% one-sided confidence intervals for all three parameters were surprisingly small, suggesting that they may perform well as progression and efficacy determinants.
How to cite this article
Belin MW, Meyer JJ, Duncan JK, Gelman R, Borgstrom M, Ambrósio Jr R. Assessing Progression of Keratoconus and Cross-linking Efficacy: The Belin ABCD Progression Display. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2017;6(1):1-10.
Two Years’ Experience in Keratoconus Treatment using Collagen Cross-linking
Authors: Dementiev Dimitrii , Sysoeva Maria , Shipunova Anna 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Purpose
To evaluate safety, efficacy, and stability of cross-linking (CLX) procedure as a method for keratoconus treatment in the I and II stage of disease.

Materials and methods
Twenty eyes of 15 patients (13 males, 2 females, average age 31 years) with keratoconus I stage (13 eyes) and II stage (2 eyes) (by Krumeich classi­fication) were treated by CLX procedure, using riboflavin Medio Cross for standard CLX); riboflavin Medio Cross TE for transepithelial CLX was used to treat keratectasia after previous keratorefractive surgery; in all the cases UV CBM X linker (Vega, CSO) was used. The study included evaluation of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) pre- and postoperative, pachymetry (central cornea thickness) (Visante OCT, Zeiss) pre- and postoperative, total astigmatism pre- and postoperative, using keratotopography (Atlas, Zeiss). Diagnosis and analysis have been performed at the International Center for Ophthalmology in Moscow, Russian ­Federation, since 2012 to 2014 years. Follow-up period was from 1 to 24 months.

Results
Average UCVA preoperative was 0.4 (Decimal), and average BCVA was 0.64. Average UCVA postoperative was 0.49; average BCVA was 0.66. Total astigmatism preoperative was 2.81 D; total astigmatism postoperative 2.80 D. Central cornea thickness (CCT) preoperative 454 mkm; CCT post­operative 447 mkm.

Conclusion
Cross-linking indicated safety, stability, and efficacy for treatment of I and II stage keratoconus at the end of follow-up period. Cross-linking is not effective in the treatment of II and III stage of disease. Further study is required.

How to cite this article
Dementiev D, Sysoeva M, Shipunova A. Two Years’ Experience in Keratoconus Treatment using Collagen Cross-linking. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2017;6(1):11-13.
Enhanced Screening for Ectasia Risk prior to Laser Vision Correction
Authors: Belin Michael W , Ambrósio Renato 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Aim
To prospectively review current understanding and future trends of screening for keratectasia risk prior refractive laser vision correction (LVC).

Background
Progressive keratectasia is an uncommon but severe complication of LVC. Preoperative ectatic corneal disease is the most important risk factor. Screening for subclinical ectasia relies on proper interpretation of advanced diagnostic technologies, including front surface corneal topography, three-dimensional tomography, and biomechanical assessments.

Summary
Studies involving eyes with normal and stable corneas, compared to eyes with frank ectatic diseases and to eyes with normal topography from patients with very asymmetric ectasia, allow for developing advanced methods and testing its sensitivity. However, the ideal study populations for testing the sensitivity and specificity of ectasia risk assessments are respectively the preoperative of cases that developed ectasia and the ones with stable outcomes after LVC. Young age and low thickness are surrogates of corneal biomechanics, which may be replaced as risk factors by direct measurements. Keratectasia may also occur due to the surgical impact on corneal structure or due to significant trauma postoperatively. Percentage tissue altered higher than 40% is a more sensitive para­meter than a fixed value for minimal residual stromal bed of 250 µm. However, the biomechanical impact from surgery is related to the region and number of lamellae that are severed, so that flap thickness and geometry should play a more relevant role, which is in agreement with finite element simulations. Arti­ficial intelligence methods allow for combining parameters, which significantly enhance the accuracy for detecting ectasia risk.

Conclusion
An enhanced screening approach for preventing keratectasia should consider both preoperative patient-related data and procedure-related parameters to individually characterize ectasia susceptibility or predisposition.

Clinical Significance
Keratectasia is an uncommon, however, severe complication of LVC. Although prevention is the best strategy, an individualized enhanced ectasia screening approach for ectasia risk assessment prior to LVC procedures should integrate patient-related (individual ectasia susceptibility) and procedure-related parameters (biomechanical impact).

How to cite this article
Ambrósio Jr R, Belin MW. Enhanced Screening for Ectasia Risk prior to Laser Vision Correction. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2017;6(1):23-33.
Water Soluble Tetrazolium Salt-11 as an Alternative to Riboflavin for Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for the Treatment of Keratoconus
Authors: Barbara Adel , Barbara Ramez , Abbas Sajjad 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is effective in halting progression of keratoconus, nevertheless, it is not without its drawbacks. Water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST) that generates superoxide and hydroxyl radicals following near-infrared (NIR) illumination result in a three-fold increase in corneal stiffness. This seems to be comparable to riboflavin/ultraviolet A (UVA)-mediated cross-linking. Moreover, WST is able to pene­trate faster and deep into the cornea while offering protection to endothelial cells and reducing corneal keratocyte loss in the posterior cornea. Early studies suggest good safety and efficacy profile when tested on rabbit eyes in vivo and ex vivo.
How to cite this article
Abbas S, Barbara R, Barbara A. Water Soluble Tetrazolium Salt-11 as an Alternative to Riboflavin for Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for the Treatment of Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2017;6(1):42-44.
Anemia in Adolescence
Authors: Bindra Vimee 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Adolescent anemia is a global health problem. Prevalence of anemia in girls in India is estimated to be around 56%. Various risk groups are prone to anemia and it leads to long-term consequences. Government has launched national programs to fight adolescent anemia by identifying high-risk groups, supplementing with iron and folic acid tablets and raising awareness about the nutritional anemia.
How to cite this article
Bindra V. Anemia in Adolescence. World J Anemia 2017;1(1):18-19.
Intravenous Iron Sucrose
Authors: Gautham KS Kavitha 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Iron deficiency is a major worldwide health problem. There is recent evidence that anemia is the last manifestation of the syndrome. Advances in outlining the physiology of iron deficiency have been made; gaps remain in the current understanding. While oral iron supplement remains the mainstay, some indications for intravenous (IV) administration have developed. In this review, we will highlight the indications and prerequisites of IV iron therapy, dosage, safety, and method of administration.
How to cite this article
Gautham KSK. Intravenous Iron Sucrose. World J Anemia 2017;1(1):20-22.
Comparison of Various Treatment Modalities of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy
Authors: Nanjundan Pramya 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTMore than a quarter of the world’s population is anemic, with about one half of the burden from iron deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when iron deficiency is severe enough to diminish erythropoiesis and cause the development of anemia. The prevention and treatment of iron deficiency is a major public health goal especially in women, children, and individuals from low-income countries.How to cite this articleNanjundan P. Comparison of Various Treatment Modalities of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy. World J Anemia 2017;1(1):23-26.
Fetal Intrauterine Transfusion
Authors: Indersen Amitha 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Fetal anemia is a recognizable and treatable condition. It requires identification of the etiology to plan a comprehensive treatment strategy. Fetal blood transfusions help tide over crisis and avert fetal cardiovascular decompensation or deterioration due to the anemia. Based on the cause and the fetal condition, the timing and requirement for transfusion are determined. At present, noninvasive monitoring with fetal middle cerebral arterial Doppler peak systolic velocity is the standard for monitoring and diagnosis of fetal anemia.
How to cite this article
Indersen A. Fetal Intrauterine Transfusion. World J Anemia 2017;1(1):27-29.
Accountability of Palm Oil Industrial Business Players on the Pollution of the Environment Reviewed from the Aspects of Environmental Crimes
Authors: M.Hum Trionoeddy SH. 
Published: July 2017

The problem of the environment is a serious issue that must be addressed by the government and the community as a supervision and reporter of each of the activities of the destroyer of the environment. The pollution and environmental damage continue to increase in line with the increased industrial activity or similar substances; surely the situation needs to get the protection of the law. The pollution or environmental damage, mostly in the context of running a commercial business and often is also the attitude of rulers and the entrepreneurs who do not run or neglecting the obligations of their obligations in the management of the environment. This research is a descriptive quantitative i.e. with provides an overview of the company that takes the environment around the enterprise. Data collection method in this investigation using bibliographical study (Library Research). The types of data used a secondary data that consists of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The waste is the remaining exiles who produced from real production activities in the production scale of domestic or household and production on a larger scale. Industrial waste is a remnant of the captives process of production in certain industries. Industrial waste requires the handling and managing seriously in considering the impact will greater emanate than with domestic waste. The industry is a business or management activities of raw materials or half-goods to be the end goods that have added value to get the benefits. The assembly of the business and repairing is a part of the industry also. The results of this industry do not only in the form of goods but also in the form of services.
RAP: A Reading Comprehension Strategy for Students with Learning Disabilities and Concomitant Speech-Language Impairments or ADHD
Authors: Kemp Suzanne E. 
Published: July 2017

Students with learning and language disabilities and those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently struggle with reading comprehension. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a paraphrasing cognitive strategy that consists of read, ask, put (RAP) on reading comprehension. In addition, the maintenance effects two months after treatment for three students with learning disabilities either concomitant speech-language impairmenst or ADHD was also studied. Read, ask, put was taught using the Strategic Intervention Model (SIM). A multiple baseline design across participants was used with three fourth grade students with learning disabilities. Results indicated the use of RAP had a positive effect on reading comprehension with the most substantial gains for inferential comprehension questions. Two months after intervention, all three students either maintained gains in reading comprehension from baseline or continued to improve their reading comprehension during maintenance.