bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic-genetic analysis of Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations from surveys of primary school children in Western Kenya
Authors: Omedo Irene , Mogeni Polycarp , Rockett Kirk , Kamau Alice , Hubbart Christina , Jeffreys Anna , Ochola-Oyier Lynette Isabella , de Villiers Etienne P. , Gitonga Caroline W. , Noor Abdisalan M. , Snow Robert W. , Kwiatkowski Dominic , Bejon Philip 
Published: April 2017

Background. Malaria control, and finally malaria elimination, requires the identification and targeting of residual foci or hotspots of transmission. However, the level of parasite mixing within and between geographical locations is likely to impact the effectiveness and durability of control interventions and thus should be taken into consideration when developing control programs. Methods. In order to determine the geographic-genetic patterns of Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations at a sub-national level in Kenya, we used the Sequenom platform to genotype 111 genome-wide distributed single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) positions in 2486 isolates collected from children in 95 primary schools in western Kenya. We analysed these parasite genotypes for genetic structure using principal component analysis and assessed local and global clustering using statistical measures of spatial autocorrelation. We further examined the region for spatial barriers to parasite movement as well as directionality in the patterns of parasite movement. Results. We found no evidence of population structure and little evidence of spatial autocorrelation of parasite genotypes (correlation coefficients <0.03 among parasite pairs in distance classes of 1km, 2km and 5km; p value<0.01). An analysis of the geographical distribution of allele frequencies showed weak evidence of variation in distribution of alleles, with clusters representing a higher than expected number of samples with the major allele being identified for 5 SNPs. Furthermore, we found no evidence of the existence of spatial barriers to parasite movement within the region, but observed directional movement of parasites among schools in two separate sections of the region studied. Conclusions. Our findings illustrate a pattern of high parasite mixing within the study region. If this mixing is due to rapid gene flow, then “one-off” targeted interventions may not be currently effective at the sub-national scale in Western Kenya, due to the high parasite movement that is likely to lead to re-introduction of infection from surrounding regions. However repeated targeted interventions may reduce transmission in the surrounding regions.
The methodology of the gas turbine efficiency calculation
Authors: Kotowicz Janusz , Job Marcin , Brzęczek Mateusz , Nawrat Krzysztof , Mędrych Janusz 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In the paper a calculation methodology of isentropic efficiency of a compressor and turbine in a gas turbine installation on the basis of polytropic efficiency characteristics is presented. A gas turbine model is developed into software for power plant simulation. There are shown the calculation algorithms based on iterative model for isentropic efficiency of the compressor and for isentropic efficiency of the turbine based on the turbine inlet temperature. The isentropic efficiency characteristics of the compressor and the turbine are developed by means of the above mentioned algorithms. The gas turbine development for the high compressor ratios was the main driving force for this analysis. The obtained gas turbine electric efficiency characteristics show that an increase of pressure ratio above 50 is not justified due to the slight increase in the efficiency with a significant increase of turbine inlet combustor outlet and temperature.
Combined use of coal mine gases for efficient energy generation
Authors: Postrzednik Stefan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
There are two basic types of coal mine gases: gas from demethanation of coal deposits, and ventilation gas; containing combustible ingredients (mainly methane, CH4). Effective use of these gases is an important technical and ecological issue (greenhouse gas emissions), mainly due to the presence of methane in these gases. Serious difficulties in this area (e.g. using them as the fuel for internal combustion (IC) engine) occur mainly in relation to the ventilation gas, whereas the gas from demethanation of coal deposits can be used directly as the fuel for internal combustion engines. The proposed solution of this problem shows that the simple mixing of these two gases (without supplying of oxygen from ambient air) is the effective way to producing the gaseous combustible mixture, which can be used for the fueling of internal combustion gas engines. To evaluate the energy usefulness of this way produced combustible mixture the process indicator has been proposed, which expresses the share of the chemical energy supplied with the ventilation gas, in the whole chemical energy of the produced fuel combustible mixture. It was also established how (e.g., by appropriate choice of the mixed gas streams) can be achieved significantly higher values of the characteristic process indicator, while retaining full energy usefulness of the gained gaseous mixture to power combustion engines.
Horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the north-eastern parts of the Hercynian mountains and adjacent localities (Czech Republic)
Authors: Ježek Jan , Omelková Markéta , Hájek Josef 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe horse fly fauna of the NE parts of the Hercynicum (36 species of 8 genera, including one ssp. and one recognized form) is relatively diverse, including 65.5 % of the Tabanid species recorded from the Czech Republic. All literature records are referred to, and 136 new localities added. The most interesting finds during our faunistic survey were the nationally scarce Silvius alpinus (Scopoli, 1763), Hybomitra arpadi (Szilády, 1923), H. kaurii Chvála & Lyneborg, 1970 and H. nitidifrons confiformis Chvála & Moucha, 1971; in spite of literature records H. lurida (Fallén, 1817) was not re-found. Atylotus plebejus (Fallén, 1817) and Chrysops rufipes Meigen, 1830 are classified as endangered species in the Czech Republic, and Glaucops hirsutus (Villers, 1789) as vulnerable.
Pilgrimage In The Celtic Christian Tradition
Authors: Aist Rodney 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This papers explores the diversity of pilgrim expressions in the Celtic Christian sources, focusing largely upon scriptural and theological images-namely, the image of Jerusalem, the example of Abraham, and journey as a metaphor for the earthly life. Discussion on Celtic interest in Jerusalem will focus on the text, De locis sanctis, by Adomnán of Iona (d. 704). Central to Abrahamic pilgrimage is the ideal of being a stranger, foreigner, exile and alien in the world. Columbanus (d. 615) and Columba (d. 597) are both described as pilgrims in the tradition of Abraham. The life of Patrick raises the question of the relationship between Abrahamic pilgrimage and the missionary life. The phenomenon of the seafaring monks, most famously St Brendan, will also be discussed through the lens of Abraham, while the corresponding text, The Voyage of St Brendan, will lead to a short discussion of liturgy as a form of pilgrimage. Finally, the lifelong journey of the Christian life-expressed through the metaphors of road and journey in the writings of Columbanus-will be discussed.
A receptionist robot for Brazilian people: study on interaction involving illiterates
Authors: Trovato Gabriele , Ramos Josue G. , Azevedo Helio , Moroni Artemis , Magossi Silvia , Simmons Reid , Ishii Hiroyuki , Takanishi Atsuo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The receptionist job, consisting in providing useful indications to visitors in a public office, is one possible employment of social robots. The design and the behaviour of robots expected to be integrated in human societies are crucial issues, and they are dependent on the culture and society in which the robot should be deployed. We study the factors that could be used in the design of a receptionist robot in Brazil, a country with a mix of races and considerable gaps in economic and educational level. This inequality results in the presence of functional illiterate people, unable to use reading, writing and numeracy skills. We invited Brazilian people, including a group of functionally illiterate subjects, to interact with two types of receptionists differing in physical appearance (agent v mechanical robot) and in the sound of the voice (human like v mechanical). Results gathered during the interactions point out a preference for the agent, for the human-like voice and a more intense reaction to stimuli by illiterates. These results provide useful indications that should be considered when designing a receptionist robot, as well as insights on the effect of illiteracy in the interaction.
Prognostic Factors on the Positivity for Metastases of the Axillary Lymph Nodes from Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Kondov Borislav , Kondov Goran , Spirovski Zoran , Milenkovikj Zvonko , Colanceski Risto , Petrusevska Gordana , Pesevska Meri 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to identify the impact of T stage, the presence of estrogen, progesterone, HER2neu receptors and the values of the Ki67 on the positivity for metastases of the axillary lymph nodes, from primary breast cancer.
Material and methods: 290 surgically treated patients for breast cancer were included in the study. All cases have been analyzed by standard histological analysis including microscopic analysis on standard H&E staining. For determining the molecular receptors - HER2neu, ER, PR, p53 and Ki67, immunostaining by PT LINK immunoperoxidase has been done.
Results: Patients age was ranged between 18-90 years, average of 57.6+11.9. The mean size of the primary tumor in the surgically treated patient was 30.27 + 18.3 mm. On dissection from the axillary pits 8 to 39 lymph nodes were taken out, an average of 13.81+5.56. Metastases have been found in 1 to 23 lymph nodes, an average 3.14+4.71. In 59% of the patients there have been found metastases in the axillary lymph nodes. The univariate regression analysis showed that the location, size of tumor, differentiation of the tumor, stage, the value of the Ki67 and presence of lymphovascular invasion influence on the positivity of the axillary lymph nodes. The presence of the estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and HER2neu receptors showed that they do not have influence on the positivity for metastatic deposits in axillary lymph nodes. The multivariate model and the logistic regression analysis as independent significant factors or predictors of positivity of the axillary lymph nodes are influenced by the tumor size and the positive lymphovascular invasion.
Conclusion: Our study showed that the involving of the axillary lymph nodes is mainly influenced by the size of the tumor and the presence of lymphovascular invasion in the tumor. Ki67 determined proliferative index in the univariate analysis points the important influence of positivity in the axillary lymph nodes, but not in the multivariate regressive analysis.
Quality Management Workshop: Feedback on ISO Certification in a Pharmaceutical Technology Unit
Authors: Perriat Sophie , Cretu Yann , Canonge Jean-Marie , Puisset Florent 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe implementation of a quality management system within a PUI is an integral part of the tasks of a pharmacist and a pharmacy technician. In this workshop we proposed to share our ISO 9001 certified unit experience. We encouraged participants to share about their interest in a quality management system and gave them some keys for facilitating the initiation of an ISO 9001 certification.
The frowning balance: Semiotic insinuations on the visual rhetoric of justice
Authors: Leone Massimo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSome symbols so skillfully traverse epochs and cultures that they are depicted as almost “natural” embodiments of abstract values. The balance is one of these symbols, adopted to represent justice from ancient Egypt until the present time. Power appropriates this “natural meaning” in order to construct a rhetoric of fairness. Yet, semiotics unveils that the balance, like every symbol, is not natural at all, but underpinned by a specific ideology. From the semiotic point of view, the balance is a device that produces indexes, i. e., causal signs that visually signal an invisible property, weight. Although this translation is not automatic, but based on specific indexical circumstances (such as the type of balance, the weighing techniques, and the measuring standards that are used), the balance is paradoxically turned into a symbol of justice precisely because it is depicted as a non-semiotic device, as an instrument that cannot lie, as a machine.
Mission impossible? Judges’ playing of dual roles as adjudicator and mediator in Chinese court conciliation
Authors: Youping Xu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDeeply rooted in the Confucian philosophy of harmony, court conciliation conducted by judges in Chinese courtroom has played an important role in resolving civil disputes in China. However, severe criticisms against court conciliation have never been ceased. Critics generally attribute problems to the integration of mediation into adjudication and judges’ playing of dual roles as adjudicator and mediator. Sadly, little has been done to explore how judges’ dual roles in court conciliation are performed and changed, and how the performance and change of judges’ dual roles may affect justice and fairness in dispute resolution. This paper compares the similarities and differences of a judge’s role as an adjudicator and the role of a mediator, analyzes how judges’ dual roles are performed and changed through different patterns of information flow and information sharing, and discusses the impacts of judges’ role change and ways to resolve role conflicts. It is found that similarities between the two roles make it possible for judges in CC to play dual roles, but different role expectations give rise to role conflicts which may, to some extent, be dissolved through effective ways of information exchange.
The first integrated practice of legal translation in modern China: A study of the Chinese translation of Elements of International Law, 1864
Authors: He Qinhua 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe transplantation of law has always been linked with legal translation either in China or abroad. The latter is the premise of the former as the former is the outcome of the latter. Since the languages people speak differ from country to country, it is necessary for us to translate foreign laws into our own language in order to learn, absorb, judge, comment, and make the right choice. This thesis takes the example of Elements of International Law, which was translated and published in 1864, analyzing the achievements and shortcomings of the first integrated legal translation practice in modern China as well as its influence on legal translation, transplantation, and localization in modern China. Here, I put forward my own humble opinions, seeking advice from other professionals.
Der Ausdruck eines Kindes
Authors: Jornitz Sieglinde 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel analysiert die Portraitfotografie eines Kindes aus der Werkserie „Kinder“ von Herlinde Koelbl. Dabei wird zunächst auf die spezifische Form des fotografischen Portraits eingegangen, das im Kern eine Blickbeziehung mit den Betrachtenden des Kunstwerks initiiert. Im Rückgriff auf die Segmentanalyse von Roswitha Breckner und ihrer Erweiterung wird der körperliche Ausdruck, den das Kind vor der Kamera findet bestimmt. Zentral ist dabei die Frage nach der Selbstdeutung des Kindes aus sich heraus. Wie dieser Selbstausdruck inszeniert wird, wie er gedeutet werden kann und welcher visuelle Zugang zum Kind geschaffen wird, wird im Text dargelegt.
Association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and outcomes in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: a 3-year follow-up study
Authors: He Yang , Qian Hongjie , Xu Lei , Zhang Shanshan , Gu Xueming , Gu Junyi , Shi Jianyuan , Shen Yaping , Liu Jianmin , Tang Zhengyi 
Published: April 2017

Objective
End-stage renal disease and dialysis have been proven to be associated with poor prognoses in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). However, it has rarely been reported whether and to what extent milder renal insufficiency affects the prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the categorized impact of estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) on the outcomes of patients with DFU.

Design and methods
Three hundred and sixty-six DFU patients hospitalized in a Chinese tertiary hospital were recruited and classified into 4 groups according to the eGFRs as follows: normal (≥90), mildly reduced (60–89), moderately reduced (30–59), and severely reduced (<30). These patients were followed-up for an average of 37 months to observe the outcomes, including ulcer healing, amputation, ulcer recurrence, cardiac or cerebrovascular events and death. The associations between eGFR and the outcomes were analysed by Cox proportional-hazards models.

Results
Compared to patients with normal eGFR, patients with moderately reduced eGFR had higher risk of healing failure (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–3.82), cardiac events (HR = 5.25, 95% CI: 2.17–12.89) and death (HR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.36–9.20). Severely reduced eGFR was associated with higher incidence of healing failure (HR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.25–6.49) and death (HR = 4.45, 95% CI: 1.23–16.07). The impact of eGFR on ulcer recurrence and cerebrovascular events was not observed in all groups.

Conclusions
Moderately and severely reduced eGFR in patients with DFU were independent predictors for poor prognoses of both the limbs and the patients.
Prevention paradox logic and problem gambling: Does low-risk gambling impose a greater burden of harm than high-risk gambling?
Authors: Delfabbro Paul , King Daniel 
Published: April 2017

Background and aims
The aim of this paper is to examine the evidence and arguments in favor of prevention paradox (PP) logic in the context of problem gambling. Evidence from recent studies of gambling and the distribution of harm across lower and higher risk gamblers is reviewed to examine the contention that the absolute burden of harm is greater in low-risk (LR) gamblers than the problem gamblers.

Methods
The review examines a number of methodological and conceptual concerns about existing evidence in support of the PP.

Results
The principal problems identified include the misclassification of LR gamblers; the use of binary scoring method that understates the frequency of harms in high-risk populations; a tendency to confuse behavior and harm; and the use of potentially overly inclusive definitions of harm with low thresholds of severity.

Discussion and conclusions
This paper makes a number of recommendations for enhancement of this area of research, including the use of clear definitions of harm and LR behavior and a greater focus on harm with material impacts on people’s quality of life.
What Do You Do With A Problem? by K. Yamada
Authors: Murugan Sherry 
Published: April 2017

Yamada, Kobi. What Do You Do With A Problem?, illustrated by Mae Besom. Compendium, 2016.This second collaboration of Kobi Yamada and Mae Besom offers children and adults alike some advice on how to deal with the universal task of dealing with a problem. The story follows the struggle of a child who encounters a problem that just won’t go away. It is through the child’s narrative that we, immerse ourselves. We can feel this struggle, the immense pains and terrifying feelings because all humans big and small have all dealt with the same question “What do you do with a Problem?” Fortunately, Yamada offers readers a solution. Like with many things in life, we must face it. Once the child finds the courage to tackle the problem, it becomes something other than what the child first imagined it to be.The illustrations by Mae Besom beautifully capture the feelings and emotions that are present when someone finds themselves in the throes of a problem. The illustrator’s combination of pencil and water colours create strong images of the struggles and emotions that are displayed in the book. Her use of line and her specific use of colour in contrast with white space alerts the reader to the change in the problem solving stages, one of frustration and struggle to resolution.While this picture book has an intended audience of children ages 5 to 12, the story itself and the lesson learned will resonate with all children and the young at heart.What Do You Do with a Problem? would be an excellent addition to libraries and home collections.Highly recommended: 4 stars out of 4Reviewer: Sherry MuruganSherry is a Graduate student in the department of Elementary Education. She is a mother of two and an elementary school teacher who loves to share stories with her children and students.
Effect of Legislation on Indoor Tanning Prevalence in Alabama
Authors: Blashill Aaron J. , Pagoto Sherry 
Published: April 2017

Objectives. To examine changes in indoor tanning prevalence among Alabama high school students the year before and after its 2014 legal restrictions compared with Florida, which had more lenient legislation. Methods. We analyzed the Alabama and Florida 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 14 389; population = 1 864 241) by gender, age, year (2013, 2015), state (Alabama, Florida), and year-by-state interactions. Results. Prevalence of indoor tanning was higher among Alabama youths, but the difference did not significantly change after the law was passed in Alabama (between-state change differences ranged from a 3.3% increase among 14-year-old Alabama girls to a 9.7% decrease among 14-year-old Alabama boys). Conclusions. We found no significant changes in indoor tanning among adolescents since the enactment of Alabama’s tanning restrictions in 2014. More oversight and monitoring are needed to ensure that indoor tanning facilities are compliant with emerging laws.
Framing Mechanisms Linking HIV-Related Stigma, Adherence to Treatment, and Health Outcomes
Authors: Turan Bulent , Hatcher Abigail M. , Weiser Sheri D. , Johnson Mallory O. , Rice Whitney S. , Turan Janet M. 
Published: April 2017

We present a conceptual framework that highlights how unique dimensions of individual-level HIV-related stigma (perceived community stigma, experienced stigma, internalized stigma, and anticipated stigma) might differently affect the health of those living with HIV. HIV-related stigma is recognized as a barrier to both HIV prevention and engagement in HIV care, but little is known about the mechanisms through which stigma leads to worse health behaviors or outcomes. Our conceptual framework posits that, in the context of intersectional and structural stigmas, individual-level dimensions of HIV-related stigma operate through interpersonal factors, mental health, psychological resources, and biological stress pathways. A conceptual framework that encompasses recent advances in stigma science can inform future research and interventions aiming to address stigma as a driver of HIV-related health.