bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacist prescribing: a cross-sectional survey of the views of pharmacists in Nigeria
Authors: Auta Asa , Strickland-Hodge Barry , Maz Julia , David Shalkur 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Objectives
This study was carried out to: (1) explore the views of pharmacists in Nigeria on the extension of prescribing authority to them and determine their willingness to be prescribers and (2) identify the potential facilitators and barriers to introducing pharmacist prescribing in Nigeria.

Method
An online cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to October 2014 among 775 pharmacists recruited from the Facebook group of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria using a simple random technique. The questionnaire used for the survey was developed based on the review of the literature and previous qualitative studies conducted in Nigeria. The instrument was evaluated for content validity by two external pharmacy practice researchers and the reliability of items assessed using internal consistency tests. Data obtained from the survey were entered into SPSS v.22, and descriptive statistics were generated. Relationships between variables were evaluated using the chi-square test, and P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Key findings
The response rate was 40.6% (315/775). Three hundred and six (97.1%) respondents agreed that pharmacists should be given prescribing authority. Of these 306, 295 (96.4%) were willing to be prescribers, and just over half of them (148/295; 50.2%) would prefer to prescribe in collaboration with medical doctors. Of those willing to be prescribers, 285 (96.6%) reported that they would need additional training. The most perceived areas of training needed were in the principles of differential diagnosis (81.4%), pathophysiology of diseases (74.0%) and interpretation of laboratory results (68.1%). Respondents identified increasing patients’ access to care (308/315; 97.8%) and better utilisation of pharmacists’ skills (307/315; 97.5%) as the most likely facilitators to pharmacist prescribing in Nigeria. On the other hand, resistance from the medical doctors (299/315; 94.9%) and pharmacists’ inadequate skills in diagnosis (255/315; 81.0%) were perceived as the most likely barriers.

Conclusion
Pharmacist prescribing represents an opportunity to promote patients’ access to care and the utilisation of pharmacists’ skills in Nigeria. The majority of pharmacists showed a positive attitude towards pharmacist prescribing and were willing to be prescribers. The findings of this study could potentially contribute to future medicine prescribing policy and pharmacy practice in Nigeria.
A new method of deploying entomopathogenic fungi to control adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Silva L. E. I. , Paula A. R. , Ribeiro A. , Butt T. M. , Silva C. P. , Samuels R. I. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new system for deployment of fungus‐impregnated black cloths was tested against Aedes aegypti. A “PET trap” was placed in a test chamber to evaluate attractiveness to female A. aegypti with black cloths covered in adhesive film or adhesive film only for 24 and 48 hr. Traps with fungus (Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana)‐impregnated black cloths were tested against female mosquitoes for different time periods (3 h to 48 hr) in the chambers. Traps were then tested under intradomicile conditions against sucrose and blood‐fed insects. Experiments were carried out to ascertain the minimum number of PET traps need to be deployed per test room and to test the effect of different periods of exposure to traps. Exposing the insects for 24 and 48 hr to a PET trap with adhesive film + black cloth resulted in higher rates of trapped mosquitoes (38.6% and 68%, respectively) when compared with adhesive film only (6% and 12.6%, respectively). Both fungal species were effective at reducing survival rates when mosquitoes were exposed to traps for 24 hr or 48 hr. Lower exposure times did not significantly alter survival rates when compared to controls. The results showed that five traps or three traps per room were equally effective in reducing mosquito survival rates when testing both fungal species. The results for sucrose‐fed insects showed significant reductions in survival when exposed to M. ansiopliae or B. bassiana for 24, 48 or 120 hr when compared to control survival, with the lowest survival rates seen following 48‐ or 120‐hr exposures. Survival of blood‐fed mosquitoes exposed to fungus‐impregnated traps for 48 hr was not significantly different to the controls; however, longer exposure times significantly reduced survival rates. PET traps could be an effective system for deploying fungus‐impregnated cloths in residences, facilitating cooperation of volunteers and reducing distribution time.
Genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, toxin gene profiles, and toxin production ability of Bacillus cereus isolates from doenjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste
Authors: Lee Nari , Kim Myo‐Deok , Chang Hyun‐Joo , Choi Sung‐Wook , Chun Hyang Sook 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine the toxin gene profile, toxin production, and antibiotic resistance of Bacillus cereus isolates from doenjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste. Repetitive element sequence polymorphism‐PCR (rep‐PCR) was also used to assess the genetic diversity between these isolates. Thirty‐five B. cereus strains were isolated from 67 commercial doenjang samples, and all 35 isolates carried the nheABC and entFM genes and produced NHE enterotoxin. Of them, 12 strains harbored the emetic toxin gene (ces) and tested positive for the HEp‐2 cell emetic toxin assay. The B. cereus isolates were highly resistant to ß‐lactam antibiotics including ampicillin, cefepime, penicillin, and oxacillin. The rep‐PCR fingerprints of the B. cereus isolates were not influenced by the presence of toxin genes or antibiotic resistance profiles. However, rep‐PCR assay can be used to discriminate emetic B. cereus isolates from nonemetic isolates.Practical applicationsDoenjang has been the focus of recent concern in Korea because of its potential to cause foodborne illness via Bacillus cereus. The results of the present study suggest that B. cereus isolates from doenjang could cause either diarrheal or emetic types of foodborne illness because all isolates contained at least one toxin and its gene, although B. cereus levels in doenjang meet the Korean Food and Drug Administration guidelines (<104 cfu/g). Thus, it is necessary to constantly monitor the levels of B. cereus contamination and its toxins in doenjang.
Prognostic models for identifying adults with intellectual disabilities and mealtime support needs who are at greatest risk of respiratory infection and emergency hospitalisation
Authors: Perez C. M. , Wagner A. P. , Ball S. L. , White S. R. , Clare I. C. H. , Holland A. J. , Redley M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAmong adults with intellectual disabilities (ID), problems with eating, drinking and swallowing (EDS), and an associated need for mealtime support, are common, with an estimated 15% of adults known to specialist ID services requiring mealtime support. We set out to identify which adults with ID who receive mealtime support are at an increased risk ofrespiratory infectionsandemergency hospitalisation related to EDS problems.MethodAn exploratory, prospective cohort study was undertaken in the East of England. At baseline, structured interviews with the caregivers of 142 adults with ID and any type of mealtime support needs were used to gather information on health and support needs over the previous 12 months. These interviews were repeated at follow‐up, 12 months later. The resulting dataset, covering a 24‐month period, was analysed with logistic regression, using model averaging to perform sensitivity analysis, and backwards step‐wise variable selection to identify the most important predictors.ResultsIndividuals with ahistory of respiratory infections(in the first year of study), those who hadepilepsyand those withcaregiver‐reported difficulty swallowingwere most likely to haverespiratory infectionsin the second year. Adults withincreasing mealtime support needs,epilepsyand/orfull mealtime support needs(fed mainly or entirely by a caregiver or enterally) were at increased risk ofemergency hospitalisation for EDS‐related problems.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of carefully monitoring health issues experienced by adults with ID and EDS problems, as well as their eating, drinking and swallowing skills. However, the models developed in this exploratory research require validation through future studies addressing the EDS problems commonly experienced by adults with ID and their implications for health outcomes and quality of life. Further research into the relationship between epilepsy and EDS problems would provide much‐needed insight into the complex relationship between the two areas.
Simone Weil on Labor and Spirit
Authors: Radzins Inese 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis essay argues that Simone Weil appropriates Marx's notion of labor as life activity in order to reposition work as the site of spirituality. Rather than locating spirituality in a religious tradition, doctrine, profession of faith, or in personal piety, Weil places it in the capacity to work. Spirit arises in the activity of living, and more specifically in laboring—in one's engagement with materiality. Utilizing Marx's distinction between living and dead labor, I show how Weil develops a critique of capital as a “force” that disrupts the individual's relation to her own work by reducing it to the mere activity of calculable “production.” Capital reduces labor to an abstraction and thereby uproots human subjectivity, on a systemic scale, from its connection to living praxis, or what Weil calls spirituality. Life itself is exchanged for a simulacrum of life. In positioning living labor as spiritual, Weil's work offers a corrective to these deadening practices.
Henry David Thoreau's Anti‐Work Spirituality and a New Theological Ethic of Work
Authors: Malesic Jonathan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlthough Henry David Thoreau stands outside the Christian canon, his outlook on the relations among spirituality, ecology, and economy highlights how Christian theologians can develop a theological work ethic in our era of economic and ecological precarity. He can furthermore help theologians counter the pro‐work bias in much Christian thought. In Walden, Thoreau shows that the best work is an ascetic practice that reveals and reaps the abundance of nature and connects the person to the immanent divine and thereby glimpsing eternity. Thoreau thus offers the outline of a transformed theology of work even as he challenges Protestant vocationalism in the early industrial era. He is therefore a fitting if challenging guide for formulating a theology of the self as agent and product of work, at a moment when the postindustrial ideal of work that is both meaningful and remunerative seems ever more unattainable while the negative impact of our work on nonhuman nature is ever more apparent.
Effectiveness of a nurse‐led preadmission intervention for parents of children with profound multiple disabilities undergoing hip‐joint surgery: A quasi‐experimental pilot study
Authors: Seliner Brigitte , Latal Beatrice , Spirig Rebecca 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a family‐centered care (FCC) intervention provided by an advanced practice nurse (APN) for parents of children with profound disabilities undergoing surgery.Design and MethodsIn a quasi‐experimental design, we used the MPOC‐20 to assess satisfaction with FCC and interviews to identify potential mechanisms for improving satisfaction.ResultsThere was a positive effect on the MPOC‐20 domain “general information,” albeit with a small effect size (Cohen's d = 0.35). The interviewed parents expected additional support.Practice ImplicationsEmphasis should be placed on providing comprehensive care coordination by an experienced APN. Shared care management is crucial in improving FCC.
A comprehensive survey of a‐prefixing in Southern Appalachia
Authors: McQuaid Goldie Ann 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article reviews research on so‐called a‐prefixing (she's a‐making good money now), attested among certain dialect speakers in Southern Appalachia. Sociolinguistic investigations of Southern Appalachian dialect speakers, beginning in the 1970s, found an interesting interplay of social and linguistic factors implicated in the variable production of the a‐prefix (Hackenberg, 1972; Wolfram, 1976; Wolfram and Christian, 1975, 1976; Feagin, 1979). Subsequent studies have confirmed many of these social and linguistic factors and have further shown generational differences in contextual uses of the form (narrative vs. nonnarrative contexts; Burkette, 2007). Additionally, researchers have employed case‐study methods, looking carefully at sociolinguistic interviews among members of the same family (Burkette, 2001, 2007, 2013, 2014, 2016; Hazen, 2006; Hamilton and Hazen, 2009; Hazen and Hamilton, 2008). These studies show effects for age and speaker education in use of the a‐prefix and further reveal how speakers draw on the form as a vernacular resource in identity work and stance‐taking.It is the interplay of these variegated factors that makes a‐prefixing a rich topic for linguistic inquiry: a‐prefixing allows analysts to probe not only the grammatical interfaces (i.e., phonology–morphology, morphology–syntax), but also the role of social and stylistic factors in a process involving these interfaces. Here, I review characteristics of existing studies, including methods of data collection, geographic locales investigated, informant characteristics (sex, age, and socioeconomic status), properties of the data (number of speakers, tokens, etc.), and types of analyses. Additionally, I survey social, stylistic, pragmatic, syntactic, and phonological factors that license or condition variable realization of the a‐prefix.
Arabidopsis thaliana EPOXIDE HYDROLASE1 (AtEH1) is a cytosolic epoxide hydrolase involved in the synthesis of poly‐hydroxylated cutin monomers
Authors: Pineau Emmanuelle , Xu Lin , Renault Hugues , Trolet Adrien , Navrot Nicolas , Ullmann Pascaline , Légeret Bertrand , Verdier Gaëtan , Beisson Fred , Pinot Franck 
Published: May 2017

Summary

Epoxide hydrolases (EHs) are present in all living organisms. They have been extensively characterized in mammals; however, their biological functions in plants have not been demonstrated.

Based on in silico analysis, we identified AtEH1 (At3g05600), a putative Arabidopsis thaliana epoxide hydrolase possibly involved in cutin monomer synthesis. We expressed AtEH1 in yeast and studied its localization in vivo. We also analyzed the composition of cutin from A. thaliana lines in which this gene was knocked out.

Incubation of recombinant AtEH1 with epoxy fatty acids confirmed its capacity to hydrolyze epoxides of C18 fatty acids into vicinal diols. Transfection of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with constructs expressing AtEH1 fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) indicated that AtEH1 is localized in the cytosol. Analysis of cutin monomers in loss‐of‐function Ateh1‐1 and Ateh1‐2 mutants showed an accumulation of 18‐hydroxy‐9,10‐epoxyoctadecenoic acid and a concomitant decrease in corresponding vicinal diols in leaf and seed cutin. Compared with wild‐type seeds, Ateh1 seeds showed delayed germination under osmotic stress conditions and increased seed coat permeability to tetrazolium red.

This work reports a physiological role for a plant EH and identifies AtEH1 as a new member of the complex machinery involved in cutin synthesis.
Effectiveness of portable electronic and optical magnifiers for near vision activities in low vision: a randomised crossover trial
Authors: Taylor John J. , Bambrick Rachel , Brand Andrew , Bray Nathan , Dutton Michelle , Harper Robert A. , Hoare Zoe , Ryan Barbara , Edwards Rhiannon T. , Waterman Heather , Dickinson Christine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeTo compare the performance of near vision activities using additional portable electronic vision enhancement systems (p‐EVES), to using optical magnifiers alone, by individuals with visual impairment.MethodsA total of 100 experienced optical aid users were recruited from low vision clinics at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester, UK, to a prospective two‐arm cross‐over randomised controlled trial. Reading, performance of near vision activities, and device usage were evaluated at baseline; and at the end of each study arm (Intervention A: existing optical aids plus p‐EVES; Intervention B: optical aids only) which was after 2 and 4 months.ResultsA total of 82 participants completed the study. Overall, maximum reading speed for high contrast sentences was not statistically significantly different for optical aids and p‐EVES, although the critical print size and threshold print size which could be accessed with p‐EVES were statistically significantly smaller (p < 0.001 in both cases). The optical aids were used for a larger number of tasks (p < 0.001), and used more frequently (p < 0.001). However p‐EVES were preferred for leisure reading by 70% of participants, and allowed longer duration of reading (p < 0.001). During the study arm when they had a p‐EVES device, participants were able to carry out more tasks independently (p < 0.001), and reported less difficulty with a range of near vision activities (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe study provides evidence that p‐EVES devices can play a useful role in supplementing the range of low vision aids used to reduce activity limitation for near vision tasks.
Acquiring research‐grade ERPs on a shoestring budget: A comparison of a modified Emotiv and commercial SynAmps EEG system
Authors: Barham Michael P. , Clark Gillian M. , Hayden Melissa J. , Enticott Peter G. , Conduit Russell , Lum Jarrad A. G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study compared the performance of a low‐cost wireless EEG system to a research‐grade EEG system on an auditory oddball task designed to elicit N200 and P300 ERP components. Participants were 15 healthy adults (6 female) aged between 19 and 40 (M = 28.56; SD = 6.38). An auditory oddball task was presented comprising 1,200 presentations of a standard tone interspersed by 300 trials comprising a deviant tone. EEG was simultaneously recorded from a modified Emotiv EPOC and a NeuroScan SynAmps RT EEG system. The modifications made to the Emotiv system included attaching research grade electrodes to the Bluetooth transmitter. Additional modifications enabled the Emotiv system to connect to a portable impedance meter. The cost of these modifications and portable impedance meter approached the purchase value of the Emotiv system. Preliminary analyses revealed significantly more trials were rejected from data acquired by the modified Emotiv compared to the SynAmps system. However, the ERP waveforms captured by the Emotiv system were found to be highly similar to the corresponding waveform from the SynAmps system. The latency and peak amplitude of N200 and P300 components were also found to be similar between systems. Overall, the results indicate that, in the context of an oddball task, the ERP acquired by a low‐cost wireless EEG system can be of comparable quality to research‐grade EEG acquisition equipment.
Allopatric divergence and secondary contact without genetic admixture for Arichanna perimelaina (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), an alpine moth endemic to the Hengduan Mountains
Authors: LI XINXIN , JIANG NAN , CHENG RUI , XUE DAYONG , QU YANHUA , HAN HONGXIANG 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMountain systems, especially at high altitudes, are an excellent model for determining the mechanisms underlying high species diversity and endemism. Herein, we elucidate the evolutionary history of the alpine moth Arichanna perimelaina (Wehrli), which is endemic to the Hengduan Mountains (HM) region in southwest China, based on three mitochondrial genes and two nuclear genes. Our results revealed six deeply divergent clades that corresponded to populations in different mountain systems in the HM region. Bayesian divergence time estimations suggested a mid‐ to late Pleistocene genetic divergence. The results also showed that the Mt Yulong (YL) region was a refugium and valley corridors established by glaciation during the Pleistocene allowed populations on the separate mountains to migrate. The reproductive isolation among the different clades on contact zone in the YL region may be associated with the asynchronous mating rhythms and/or the divergent mate recognition caused by the ecological source of divergent selection. Allopatric divergence associated with complex topographies and climatic oscillations, regional dispersal via valley corridors and the suitable refugium of the YL region shaped the genetic divergence and distribution pattern of A. perimelaina in the HM region. These findings highlight the essential role of complex terrain and climatic fluctuations in shaping the unique phylogeographic history of a narrow alpine moth, and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying high species richness and endemism in the HM region.
Multimodality characterization of a noncommunicating congenital duodenal duplication cyst causing pyloric outflow obstruction in a young dog
Authors: Mutascio Liliana , Vilaplana Grosso Federico , Ramos‐Vara José , Simons Micha 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA 10‐month‐old German Shepherd Dog presented for evaluation of intermittent vomiting. Abdominal radiographs revealed a marked right cranial mass effect. Initial differentials included abscess/cyst or less likely neoplasia from undetermined origin. On abdominal ultrasound the mass appeared cystic and thin walled. Computed tomography revealed a large cystic lesion originating from the pyloroduodenal junction causing pyloric outflow obstruction. A noncommunicating duodenal duplication cyst was found on exploratory laparotomy and further confirmed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Enteric duplication cyst should be considered as a differential in young dogs with gastrointestinal signs and a cystic abdominal mass detected with different imaging modalities.