bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quo vadis – deutsches Bildungs- und Wissenschaftsurheberrecht?
Authors: Kuhlen Rainer 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der aktuelle Referentenentwurf (RefE) des BMJV zur Reform des deutschen Urheberrechts wird aus der Perspektive von Bildung und Wissenschaft diskutiert. Der Vorschlag ist als Reaktion auf die offensichtlichen Probleme mit den bestehenden, auf Bildung und Wissenschaft bezogenen Bestimmungen des Urheberrechts zu verstehen. Auf diese Probleme wird in Kap. 2 eingegangen. Die vorgesehenen neuen Schrankenregelungen werden im Detail vorgestellt (Kap. 3) und kritisch (ablehnend und konstruktiv weiterführend) diskutiert (Kap. 4). Der Vorschlag wird auch unter der Vorgabe der Bundesregierung bewertet, ob das ursprünglich vorgesehene Ziel einer Allgemeinen Bildungs- und Wissenschaftsschranke erreicht werden konnte, oder ob zumindest der jetzige Vorschlag als akzeptable (Zwischen-) Lösung für ein zeitgemäßes Wissenschaftsurheberrecht angesehen werden kann (Kap. 5). Abschließend wird in Kap. 6 darauf eingegangen, ob der Prozess der parlamentarischen Beratung dieses RefE noch in dieser Legislaturperiode abgeschlossen werden kann. Im Anhang werden die Texte der acht neuen, jetzt vorgesehenen Schrankenregelungen aufgeführt.
Es nicht zu verkennen, dass die Aussagen in diesem Text an vielen Stellen von der Sicht des Aktionsbündnisses Urheberrecht für Bildung und Wissenschaft (http://www.urheberrechtsbuendnis.de/) geprägt sind, dessen Sprecher der Autor dieses Beitrags ist. Dieser Text ist aber nicht mit dem Aktionsbündnis abgestimmt, sondern ist allein in der Zuständigkeit und Verantwortung des Autors.
Intra-articular injections of ketamine and 25% dextrose improve clinical and pathological outcomes in the monosodium iodoacetate model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Shetty Yashashri C. , Patil Amol E. , Jalgaonkar Sharmila V. , Rege Nirmala N. , Salgaonkar Sweta , Teltumbde Prachi A. , Kshirsagar Sarang , Koli Paresh G. , Brahma Smita 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background:
The study evaluated the effect of intra-articular injections of ketamine and 25% dextrose with triamcinolone acetate (TA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on joint pathology and pain behavior in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) in experimental mice.

Methods:
In phase I, the MIA-induced OA model was standardized. In phase II, mice were divided into three groups: disease controls (DC), ketamine 12 mg/kg (K12) and ketamine 24 mg/kg (K24) to select an effective dose of ketamine for phase III. In phase III, the groups were: DC, normal controls (NC), K24, 25% dextrose (D25) – 10 μL, TA 6 mg/kg, and HA – 3.5 mg/kg. The effect of ketamine was compared with the standard drugs – TA and HA. In phases II and III, after 7 days following the induction of OA, animals were subjected to weekly behavioral tests and biweekly drug administration from week 2 to week 4. Subsequently, after 4 weeks knee joint samples were collected and sent for histopathological evaluation to a veterinary pathologist.

Results:
In phase I, the DC group showed significant OA changes as compared to NC on knee joint histopathology scoring. In phase II, all the behavioral tests and knee joint histopathology results demonstrated a significant improvement with K24 as compared to DC. In phase III, significant differences were found between DC vs. HA, DC vs. D25, DC vs. K24, K24 vs. TA, HA vs. TA for open field test and hot plate test (p<0.001), whereas HA and ketamine showed comparable results for these tests. There was a significant improvement in D25, TA and K24, HA groups as compared to DC in histopathology scores, (p<0.05).

Conclusions:
The NMDA antagonist effect of ketamine and the proliferative effect of 25% dextrose showed a reduction in pain and disease activity in the OA model.
Investment in New Proved Oil Reserves: An Austrian Perspective
Authors: Ewing Bradley T. , Thornton Mark , Yanochik Mark 
Published: May 2017

AbstractExploration and production (E&P) companies must replace oil produced with new proved reserves in order to sustain their existence, generate future revenues and value. Extensions constitute the largest type of additions to new proved reserves. Adding reserves through extensions is capital intensive and both the real price of oil (represented by real refiner acquisition cost) and real interest (represented by real yield on 10 year Treasury bond) will influence the investment in new discoveries of proved reserves. However, recent periods of unusually high commodity prices and ultra-low interest rates, often linked to monetary policy, may have led to an over-investment in reserves through extensions. Accordingly, using U.S. data (1977–2014) we test for the existence of “explosive behavior” in the volume of extensions over time with financial time series econometric methods referred to as right-tail ADF tests which have traditionally been used for identifying speculative bubbles in asset markets. Empirical evidence identifies a period of explosive (“bubble-like”) behavior in the time series of extensions having occurred beginning 2010 through 2014. This research provides an Austrian explanation for the empirical results consistent with the notion of malinvestment.
A modified coupled complex boundary method for an inverse chromatography problem
Authors: Cheng Xiaoliang , Lin Guangliang , Zhang Ye , Gong Rongfang , Gulliksson Mårten 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Adsorption isotherms are the most important parameters in rigorous models of chromatographic processes. In this paper, in order to recover adsorption isotherms, we consider a coupled complex boundary method (CCBM), which was previously proposed for solving an inverse source problem [2]. With CCBM, the original boundary fitting problem is transferred to a domain fitting problem. Thus, this method has advantages regarding robustness and computation in reconstruction. In contrast to the traditional CCBM, for the sake of the reduction of computational complexity and computational cost, the recovered adsorption isotherm only corresponds to the real part of the solution of a forward complex initial boundary value problem. Furthermore, we take into account the position of the profiles and apply the momentum criterion to improve the optimization progress. Using Tikhonov regularization, the well-posedness, convergence properties and regularization parameter selection methods are studied. Based on an adjoint technique, we derive the exact Jacobian of the objective function and give an algorithm to reconstruct the adsorption isotherm. Finally, numerical simulations are given to show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed regularization method.
Inverse nodal problems for the Sturm–Liouville operator with nonlocal integral conditions
Authors: Hu Yi-Teng , Yang Chuan-Fu , Xu Xiao-Chuan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In this work, we consider inverse nodal problems of the Sturm–Liouville equation with nonlocal integral conditions at two end-points. We prove that a dense subset of nodal points uniquely determine the potential function of the Sturm–Liouville equation up to a constant.
Surface chemistry and morphology in single particle optical imaging
Authors: Ekiz-Kanik Fulya , Sevenler Derin Deniz , Ünlü Neşe Lortlar , Chiari Marcella , Ünlü M. Selim 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBiological nanoparticles such as viruses and exosomes are important biomarkers for a range of medical conditions, from infectious diseases to cancer. Biological sensors that detect whole viruses and exosomes with high specificity, yet without additional labeling, are promising because they reduce the complexity of sample preparation and may improve measurement quality by retaining information about nanoscale physical structure of the bio-nanoparticle (BNP). Towards this end, a variety of BNP biosensor technologies have been developed, several of which are capable of enumerating the precise number of detected viruses or exosomes and analyzing physical properties of each individual particle. Optical imaging techniques are promising candidates among broad range of label-free nanoparticle detectors. These imaging BNP sensors detect the binding of single nanoparticles on a flat surface functionalized with a specific capture molecule or an array of multiplexed capture probes. The functionalization step confers all molecular specificity for the sensor’s target but can introduce an unforeseen problem; a rough and inhomogeneous surface coating can be a source of noise, as these sensors detect small local changes in optical refractive index. In this paper, we review several optical technologies for label-free BNP detectors with a focus on imaging systems. We compare the surface-imaging methods including dark-field, surface plasmon resonance imaging and interference reflectance imaging. We discuss the importance of ensuring consistently uniform and smooth surface coatings of capture molecules for these types of biosensors and finally summarize several methods that have been developed towards addressing this challenge.
Modification of water transport properties of porous building stones caused by polymerization of silicon-based consolidation products
Authors: Karatasios Ioannis , Michalopoulou Anastasia , Amenta Maria , Kilikoglou Vassilis 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This work studies the polymerization process of four different commercially available silicon-based polymers and their consequent effect on surface tension and water transport properties of natural stones used in architectural monuments, essential for modeling and predicting the durability of natural stones against weathering action of aqueous solutions. The four products studied consisted of two ethyl-silicate based materials, an alkyl-alkoxy siloxane oligomer with hydrophobic agents and finally, a silane/siloxane emulsion. In all cases, the morphology of the amorphous material deposited into the pore network of stones was examined by electron microscopy (SEM). The polymerization process was studied by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) on both inert surface and porous stone substrate. The treated stone specimens were further tested after polymerization in terms of determination and comparison of water absorption coefficient, open porosity, pore size distribution (mercury intrusion porosimetry) and surface tension (contact angle measurements) properties. According to the analysis, the modification of the wetting properties of the stone surface should be related rather with the chemistry than the microstructure of the xerogels alone.
Securitization reversed. Does Europeanization improve minority/majority relations?
Authors: Nancheva Nevena 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Through a conceptual framework that combines the English School’s focus on primary institutions in international society with the Copenhagen School’s theory of securitization and desecuritization, this article studies the Europeanization of national minorities. It thus signals a categorical departure from the dominant norms transfer approach to problems of national minorities in the European Union (EU), an approach that has failed to convincingly account for many minority outcomes of European integration. This is particularly true of the continual attachment of national minorities to the state’s security agenda. The article takes Galbreath and McEvoy’s (2012) hypothesis that the EU has a unique potential to desecuritize national minorities, and applies it to one candidate (Macedonia) and one new member state (Bulgaria). It assesses flashpoints of minority/majority tensions across several sectors (the judiciary, the police, public administration, political representation, education, and health care). The investigation ascertains negative outcomes—desecuritization—but points to the crisis of confidence in the primary institution of European integration (supranationality) and the ensuing consolidation of nationalism as the dominant institution of pre-EU European society. The article concludes that improved minority/majority relations are a possible consequence of Europeanization rather than a precondition for it.
European style electoral politics in an ethnically divided society. The case of Kosovo
Authors: Wise Laura , Agarin Timofey 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Our paper takes as its starting point the premise that elections are central moments in the life of polities: these are the times when individual citizens demonstrate support or otherwise of political institutions and regimes, assess their accountability and set agendas for the next government. In short, elections allow us to observe whether and how political regimes live up to society’s expectations. This issue has particular resonance in deeply divided societies that have experienced ethnic conflict in the past. In the deeply divided society of Kosovo, local and national elections in 2013 and 2014 presented an opportunity to analyze voter choices and elite agendas, with the presence of ethnopolitical issues under scrutiny. Our paper concludes that the normalization of electoral politics, within the context of European aspirations, has not yet taken place in Kosovo, and that the options available to the electorate continue to be dominated by identity politicking.
The Impact of Dry-Land Sprint Start Training on the Short Track Speed Skating Start
Authors: Haug William B. , Drinkwater Eric J. , Cicero Nicholas J. , Barthell J. Anthony , Chapman Dale W. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Haug, WB, Drinkwater, EJ, Cicero, NJ, Barthell, JA, and Chapman, DW. The impact of dry-land sprint start training on the short track speed skating start. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 544–548, 2019—This investigation sought to determine the effects of dry-land sprint start training on short track speed skating (STSS) start performance. Nine highly trained short track athletes completed a control period of normal STSS training followed by a 4-week training intervention. Before and after the control and intervention periods, athletes performed 3 electronically timed dry-land and on-ice 14.43 m maximal sprint start efforts. The intervention consisted of 2 sprint sessions per week consisting of 9 electronically timed 14.43 m dry-land sprint starts in addition to normal STSS training. The control period resulted in no substantial change in on-ice start performance (mean Δ: −0.01 seconds, 95% confidence limit [CL]: −0.08 to 0.05 seconds; effect size [ES]: −0.05; trivial); however, a small change was observed in dry-land start performance (mean Δ: −0.07 seconds, 95% CL: −0.13 to −0.02 seconds; ES: −0.49). After brief specific dry-land sprint start training, a small improvement was observed in both on-ice (Mean Δ: −0.07 seconds, 95% CL: −0.13 to −0.01 seconds; ES: −0.33) and dry-land (Mean Δ: −0.04 seconds, 95% CL: −0.09 to 0.00 seconds; ES: −0.29) start performance. This investigation suggests that STSS start performance can be improved through a brief dry-land sprint start training program.
Effect of Body Position on Force Production During the Isometric Midthigh Pull
Authors: Beckham George K. , Sato Kimitake , Santana Hugo A.P. , Mizuguchi Satoshi , Haff G. Gregory , Stone Michael H. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Beckham, GK, Sato, K, Santana, HAP, Mizuguchi, S, Haff, GG, and Stone, MH. Effect of body position on force production during the isometric midthigh pull. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 48–56, 2018—Various body positions have been used in the scientific literature when performing the isometric midthigh pull resulting in divergent results. We evaluated force production in the isometric midthigh pull in bent (125° knee and 125° hip angles) and upright (125° knee, 145° hip angle) positions in subjects with (>6 months) and without (<6 months) substantial experience using weightlifting derivatives. A mixed-design ANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of pull position and weightlifting experience on peak force, force at 50, 90, 200, and 250 ms. There were statistically significant main effects for weightlifting experience and pull position for all variables tested, and statistically significant interaction effects for peak force, allometrically scaled peak force, force at 200 ms, and force at 250 ms. Calculated effect sizes were small to large for all variables in subjects with weightlifting experience, and were small to moderate between positions for all variables in subjects without weightlifting experience. A central finding of the study is that the upright body position (125° knee and 145° hip) should be used given that forces generated are highest in that position. Actual joint angles during maximum effort pulling should be measured to ensure body position is close to the position intended.
Hypertrophic Effects of Concentric vs. Eccentric Muscle Actions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Schoenfeld Brad J. , Ogborn Dan I. , Vigotsky Andrew D. , Franchi Martino V. , Krieger James W. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Schoenfeld, BJ, Ogborn, DI, Vigotsky, AD, Franchi, MV, and Krieger, JW. Hypertrophic effects of concentric vs. eccentric muscle actions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2599–2608, 2017—Controversy exists as to whether different dynamic muscle actions produce divergent hypertrophic responses. The purpose of this paper was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the hypertrophic effects of concentric vs. eccentric training in healthy adults after regimented resistance training (RT). Studies were deemed eligible for inclusion if they met the following criteria: (a) were an experimental trial published in an English-language refereed journal; (b) directly compared concentric and eccentric actions without the use of external implements (i.e., blood pressure cuffs) and all other RT variables equivalent; (c) measured morphologic changes using biopsy, imaging (magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography, or ultrasound), bioelectrical impedance, and/or densitometry; (d) had a minimum duration of 6 weeks; and (e) used human participants without musculoskeletal injury or any health condition that could directly, or through the medications associated with the management of said condition, be expected to impact the hypertrophic response to resistance exercise. A systematic literature search determined that 15 studies met inclusion criteria. Results showed that eccentric muscle actions resulted in a greater effect size (ES) compared with concentric actions, but results did not reach statistical significance (ES difference = 0.25 ± 0.13; 95% confidence interval: −0.03 to 0.52; p = 0.076). The mean percent change in muscle growth across studies favored eccentric compared with concentric actions (10.0% vs. 6.8, respectively). The findings indicate the importance of including eccentric and concentric actions in a hypertrophy-oriented RT program, as both have shown to be effective in increasing muscle hypertrophy.
Hierarchical Specification of Pruriceptors by Runt-Domain Transcription Factor Runx1
Authors: Qi Lu , Huang Chengcheng , Wu Xiaohua , Tao Yeqi , Yan Jingjing , Shi Tianyong , Cao Cheng , Han Lu , Qiu Mengsheng , Ma Qiufu , Liu Zijing , Liu Yang 
Published: May 2017

The somatic sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) detect and transmit a diverse array of sensory modalities, such as pain, itch, cold, warm, touch, and others. Recent genetic and single-cell RNA sequencing studies have revealed a group of DRG neurons that could be particularly relevant for acute and chronic itch information transmission. They express the natriuretic peptide type B (NPPB), as well as a cohort of receptors and neuropeptides that have been implicated in chronic itch manifestation, including the interleukin-31 receptor A (IL-31ra) and its coreceptor oncostatin M receptor (Osmr), the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 (Cysltr2), somatostatin, and neurotensin. However, how these neurons are generated during development remains unclear. Here we report that Runx1 is required to establish all these molecular features of NPPB+neurons. We further show that while early embryonic Runx1 activity is required for the formation of NPPB+cells, at later stages Runx1 switches to a genetic repressor and thus its downregulation becomes a prerequisite for the proper development of these pruriceptors. This mode by Runx1 is analogous to that in controlling another group of pruriceptors that specifically express the chloroquine receptor MrgprA3. Finally, behavioral studies using both sexes of mice revealed marked deficits in processing acute and chronic itch inRunx1conditional knock-out mice, possibly attributable to impaired development of various pruriceptors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur studies reveal a generalized control mode by Runx1 for pruriceptor development and consolidate a hierarchical control mechanism for the formation of sensory neurons transmitting distinct modalities. Among dorsal root ganglion neurons that initially express the neurotrophin receptor TrkA, Runx1 is necessary for the proper development of those neurons that innervate tissues derived from the ectoderm such as skin epidermis and hair follicles. These Runx1-dependent cutaneous sensory neurons are then divided into two groups based on persistent or transient Runx1 expression. The Runx1-persistent group is involved in transmitting mechanical and thermal information, whereas the Runx1-transient group transmits pruriceptive information. Such hierarchical control mechanisms may provide a developmental solution for the formation of sensory circuits that transmit distinct modalities.
In vivo structures of an intact type VI secretion system revealed by electron cryotomography
Authors: Chang Yi‐Wei , Rettberg Lee A , Ortega Davi R , Jensen Grant J 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a versatile molecular weapon used by many bacteria against eukaryotic hosts or prokaryotic competitors. It consists of a cytoplasmic bacteriophage tail‐like structure anchored in the bacterial cell envelope via a cytoplasmic baseplate and a periplasmic membrane complex. Rapid contraction of the sheath in the bacteriophage tail‐like structure propels an inner tube/spike complex through the target cell envelope to deliver effectors. While structures of purified contracted sheath and purified membrane complex have been solved, because sheaths contract upon cell lysis and purification, no structure is available for the extended sheath. Structural information about the baseplate is also lacking. Here, we use electron cryotomography to directly visualize intact T6SS structures inside Myxococcus xanthus cells. Using sub‐tomogram averaging, we resolve the structure of the extended sheath and membrane‐associated components including the baseplate. Moreover, we identify novel extracellular bacteriophage tail fiber‐like antennae. These results provide new structural insights into how the extended sheath prevents premature disassembly and how this sophisticated machine may recognize targets.