bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal changes in stream invertebrate assemblages of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming
Authors: Tronstad Lusha M. , Hotaling Scott , Bish James C. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

High elevation ecosystems are predicted to be strongly impacted by climate change; however, little is known of extant biodiversity in mountain streams. For this study, five streams in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming were sampled along a longitudinal gradient to establish a baseline of invertebrate assemblages and environmental conditions. Five Surber samples were collected from low, middle and high elevation sites along each stream.

Nearly 10 000 ind m−2 lived in these streams on average, but the density (mixed effects model, P = 0.54) and richness (P = 0.18) of invertebrates did not vary significantly by elevation. Total density of invertebrates was positively related to the amount of visible biofilm (anova, P = 0.03) and oxidation‐reduction potential (P = 0.05) and taxa richness was negatively related to specific conductivity (P = 0.009).

Invertebrate assemblages and environmental conditions were more similar at low versus high sites when compared using non‐metric multidimensional scaling and tests of multivariate dispersion indicating that higher elevation sites harboured more environmental and species diversity.

These results can help target which aquatic invertebrates to monitor as stream temperatures rise, and highlight the biotic and abiotic factors that structure aquatic ecosystems in the Teton Range of Grand Teton National Park.
Impact of needle insertion depth on the removal of hard‐tissue debris
Authors: Perez R. , Neves A. A. , Belladonna F. G. , Silva E. J. N. L. , Souza E. M. , Fidel S. , Versiani M. A. , Lima I. , Carvalho C. , De‐Deus G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of depth of insertion of an irrigation needle tip on the removal of hard‐tissue debris using micro‐computed tomographic (micro‐CT) imaging.MethodologyTwenty isthmus‐containing mesial roots of mandibular molars were anatomically matched based on similar morphological dimensions using micro‐CT evaluation and assigned to two groups (n = 10), according to the depth of the irrigation needle tip during biomechanical preparation: 1 or 5 mm short of the working length (WL). The preparation was performed with Reciproc R25 file (tip size 25, .08 taper) and 5.25% NaOCl as irrigant. The final rinse was 17% EDTA followed by bidistilled water. Then, specimens were scanned again, and the matched images of the canals, before and after preparation, were examined to quantify the amount of hard‐tissue debris, expressed as the percentage volume of the initial root canal volume. Data were compared statistically using the Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultsNone of the tested needle insertion depths yielded root canals completely free from hard‐tissue debris. The insertion depth exerted a significant influence on debris removal, with a significant reduction in the percentage volume of hard‐tissue debris when the needle was inserted 1 mm short of the WL (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe insertion depth of irrigation needles significantly influenced the removal of hard‐tissue debris. A needle tip positioned 1 mm short of the WL resulted in percentage levels of hard‐tissue debris removal almost three times higher than when positioned 5 mm from the WL.
Evolution of magnetic and bone mineral phases in heat‐treated bioactive glass containing zinc and iron oxides
Authors: Shankhwar Nisha , Singh Rajendra Kumar , Srinivasan Ananthakrishnan 
Published: April 2016

Melt‐quenched 15(ZnO,Fe2O3) 50SiO2·20(CaO,P2O5) 15Na2O bioactive glass was heat treated at temperatures (TA) ranging from 550°C to 850°C for different time periods (tA=1, 2 and 3 hours) to understand its devitrification characteristics. Crystallization of calcium sodium phosphate, zinc ferrite, magnetite, and hematite phases depended on heat treatment conditions. Decrease in saturation magnetizations (Ms) with increase in tA of glass heat treated at TA≥750°C is attributed to the formation of hematite which is a weak magnetic material. Magnetic properties as functions of TA and tA are interpreted on the basis of clustering of Fe ions, super‐exchange interaction between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions and formation of ferrimagnetic and weakly magnetic iron oxide phases with different heat treatment conditions. Electron paramagnetic resonance parameters reveal the variations in site distortions and randomness in Fe ion environment in the matrix upon heat treatment. In vitro mineralization ability of the glass‐ceramics was evaluated by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) and monitoring both the pH variation of SBF and formation of hydroxyapatite surface layer as a function of immersion time. These studies help in assessing these glass‐ceramics for hyperthermia treatment and in optimizing the processing conditions for this application.
High serum APRIL levels strongly correlate with disease severity in pediatric atopic eczema
Authors: Mohamed Ezzat Mohamed H. , Mohammed Ahmed A. , Ismail Rania I. H. , Shaheen Kareem Y. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundExpression of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member APRIL (a proliferation‐inducing ligand) is low in normal tissues but is elevated in various autoimmune diseases.ObjectivesThis study explored serum APRIL in children with atopic eczema (AE) during flare and quiescence.MethodsA case–control study including 50 patients with AE and 40 control subjects was conducted. The severity of AE was assessed according to each of the Leicester Sign Score (LSS), the Simple Scoring System (SSS), the SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, and the Objective SCORAD. Serum measurements of APRIL, total immunoglobulin E, and lactate dehydrogenase were obtained in all subjects. Data were obtained during both flare and quiescence in AE subjects. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. P‐values of <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.ResultsSerum APRIL levels were significantly elevated in children with AE in comparison with control subjects during both flare and quiescence (P < 0.0001 for both). Serum APRIL levels during AE flare and quiescence were positively correlated (P < 0.001). Serum APRIL levels and scores on each of the LSS, SSS, and SCORAD showed significant positive correlations (P < 0.01 for all).ConclusionsSerum APRIL levels were significantly elevated in children with AE during both flare and quiescence. This confirms the importance of APRIL in the pathophysiology of pediatric AE. Serum APRIL is a reliable marker of the severity of AE in children. APRIL may be a new target in the treatment of AE.
Novel mutations in TGM1 and ABCA12 cause autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in five Saudi families
Authors: Wakil Salma M. , Binamer Yousef , Al‐Dossari Haya , Al‐Humaidy Rawan , Thuraya Rula Al , Khalifa Ola , Finsterer Josef , Meyer Brian F. , Al Owain Mohammed 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundAutosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a rare disorder of keratinization. Infants (10–15%) born with this condition are encapsulated in hyperkeratotic membrane covering the entire body and are called “collodion babies.” So far, mutations in nine different genes have been identified as causative and implicated in the pathogenesis of the clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of ARCI disorders. Among these, TGM1 is the gene most commonly mutated in ARCI.MethodsWe identified 11 patients from five consanguineous but unrelated families affected by ARCI. These patients manifested thick adherent polygonal large scales all over the body. All six patients with TGM1 mutations were born with collodion membrane and had ectropion and eclabium, while none of the patients with ABCA12 mutations had these features. Molecular investigations were performed using the combined approach of homozygosity mapping and Sanger sequencing.ResultsHere we report two novel mutations c.397_398insAGTATGAGTA (p.Tyr136Ter); c.977‐978delCT (p.Ser326Cysfs*8) in TGM1 in three different, unrelated Saudi families and one novel mutation c.6900C>A (p.Phe2300Leu) and one reported mutation c.3470C>T (p.Ser1157Leu) in the ABCA12 gene in two unrelated Saudi families with ARCI.ConclusionsThe identification of these homozygous variants using combined approaches of homozygosity mapping with direct sequencing are the disease causing mutations in these families. Furthermore, these findings are essential for the genetic diagnostic and prognostic workup with ARCI in Saudi patients.
Low‐dose oral isotretinoin therapy in lichen planus pigmentosus: an open‐label non‐randomized prospective pilot study
Authors: Muthu Sendhil Kumaran , Narang Tarun , Saikia Uma N. , Kanwar Amrinder Jit , Parsad Davinder , Dogra Sunil 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundLichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) is a cosmetically distressing pigmentary disorder often posing a therapeutic challenge. Isotretinoin has been shown to be effective in oral and cutaneous LP, but its role in LPP is yet unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of isotretinoin in the management of LPP.MethodsIn this prospective study, 32 clinically and histologically proven patients with LPP were recruited. Subjects were treated with fixed low‐dose (20 mg/day) oral isotretinoin once daily for 6 months along with topical sunscreens. Response was graded as mild (<25%), moderate (26–50%), and good (>50%) improvement based on decrease in intensity and progression of hyperpigmentation.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients (17 females and 10 males), aged 20–62 years, completed the study. Twenty‐three (85.2%) patients had active disease and pruritus at presentation. Treatment outcome was moderate improvement in 15 patients (55.7%) followed by good in seven (21.8%) and mild in two (6.2%). Pruritus subsided at the earliest at 9–14 days, and disease stabilized by 4–6 weeks in treatment‐responsive patients. Patients with a shorter duration (≤5 years) of disease and limited body area involvement had a better outcome.ConclusionsLow‐dose isotretinoin seems to be a promising treatment modality in stabilizing and decreasing the pigmentation in LPP particularly in early and limited disease.
A survey of coagulation laboratory practices and satisfaction ratings of member laboratories of the Thailand National External Quality Assessment Scheme for blood coagulation
Authors: Chuntarut A. , Tientadakul P. , Wongkrajang P. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIntroductionThe Thailand National External Quality Assessment Scheme (NEQAS) for blood coagulation was established in 2005. The objective of this study was to collect data of coagulation laboratory practices and satisfaction of NEQAS member.MethodsTwo hundred seventy‐six questionnaires were sent to laboratories that are members of NEQAS to obtain data relating to coagulation laboratory practice and satisfaction in 2014. Data from this survey were compared with data from the survey conducted in 2005 to evaluate levels of improvement.ResultsOf 276 questionnaires sent, 212 (76.8%) were returned. Improvements were characterized by the number of laboratories that (i) decreased use of 3.8% sodium citrate as anticoagulant; (ii) implemented use of at least two control levels for internal quality control; and (iii) implemented reporting of reference values with results, as well as establishing their own reference range and using geometric mean as the denominator for international normalized ratio calculation. For overall satisfaction, 179 of 206 (86.9%) participant laboratories reported being satisfied or very satisfied.ConclusionImprovements in coagulation laboratory practices in Thailand were observed in every step of the total testing process. However, additional improvements are still needed, such as determination and use of a local reference range.
Monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis in the population of Slovenian region of Lower Carniola
Authors: Bajuk P. , Furlan T. , Černelč P. , Čeh M. , Podgornik H. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIntroductionMonoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is a premalignant asymptomatic condition characterized by the presence of a small population of monoclonal B lymphocytes (less than 5 × 109/L) in the venous blood of otherwise healthy individuals. Incidence of MBL is higher among first‐degree relatives of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and also increases with age and among men. We compared the incidence of MBL found in the same environment in both an open general population and relatives of CLL patients.MethodsSamples were analyzed with 5‐parameter flow cytometry using following monoclonal antibodies: kappa and lambda clonality, CD5, CD19, CD20. We analyzed 216 samples of patients in the Slovenian area of Lower Carniola aged 23–88 years. Fifty‐four patients who came from families where CLL is present were compared by age and gender to 162 healthy individuals from the general population of the same region.ResultsWe found 10 cases of MBL (4.6%). In 9.4% of younger (≤ 50 years) first‐degree relatives of CLL patients with immunophenotypic characteristics of atypical MBL, we observed a prevailingly normal κ to λ ratio. The difference in incidence of MBL cases between relatives and the general population decreases with age.ConclusionMBL in Slovenia can be coincidentally found with a similar frequency to previously studied populations of other parts of Europe. We found, however, a higher incidence of atypical MBL among first‐degree relatives.
Differences in neurotransmitter systems of ventrolateral periaqueductal gray between the micturition reflex and nociceptive regulation: An in vivo microdialysis study
Authors: Kitta Takeya , Mitsui Takahiko , Kanno Yukiko , Chiba Hiroki , Moriya Kimihiko , Yoshioka Mitsuhiro , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo elucidate the possible involvement of glutamate and serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine) neurons in the ventrolateral midbrain periaqueductal gray during noxious stimulation.MethodsThe study was carried out by evoking a noxious stimulation by acetic acid in an animal model of cystitis. Changes in glutamate and 5‐hydroxytryptamine in the periaqueductal gray during the micturition reflex and acetic acid‐induced cystitis were determined using in vivo microdialysis combined with cystometry in rats.ResultsExtracellular glutamate levels slightly, but significantly, increased during the micturition reflex induced by saline infusion into the bladder. Intravesical infusion of acetic acid facilitated the micturition reflex characterized by increases in voiding pressure and decreases in the intercontraction interval. Glutamate levels were markedly increased by acetic acid, and this enhancement was sustained for at least 3 h. 5‐Hydroxytryptamine levels, which were not altered during the micturition reflex, were increased after intravesical infusion of acetic acid.ConclusionThe results suggest that periaqueductal gray glutamate and 5‐hydroxytryptamine neurons differentially participate in the modulation of both nociception and the micturition reflex. Furthermore, periaqueductal gray 5‐hydroxytryptamine levels appear to reflect the nociceptive stimuli.
DACA and the Surge in Unaccompanied Minors at the US‐Mexico Border
Authors: Amuedo‐Dorantes Catalina , Puttitanun Thitima 
Published: April 2016

AbstractApprehensions of unaccompanied minors from Central American countries have been on the rise since 2008, but news reports particularly caught up with the increase after 2012. Some politicians posited that the 2012 Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) contributed to the surge by creating the expectation that children would be allowed to stay in the country. Immigration advocates, however, believe that the two are not related. Using data on apprehensions of unaccompanied minors by border patrol sector, nationality and year, we find that DACA did not significantly impact those apprehensions. Rather, the 2008 Williams Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act, along with violence in the originating countries and economic conditions in both the countries of origin and the United States, emerge as some of the key determinants of the recent surge in unaccompanied minors apprehended along the southwest US‐Mexico border.
Supply chain performance under pull or push contracts in the presence of a market disruption
Authors: Wang Ningning , Fang Xiang , Gou Qinglong , Liang Liang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRecently, market disruptions are more prone to emerging in supply chains. To investigate the impact of such a phenomenon on the performance of supply chain members and the entire supply chain, we consider a two‐tier supply chain that consists of one manufacturer (he) and one retailer (she). The retailer orders products from the manufacturer and then sells them to a market in the presence of a potential market disruption caused by a random event. According to the timing of the retailer's order, we study two types of wholesale price contracts, that is, the pull contract (the retailer orders only during the selling season and the manufacturer bears the full inventory risk) and the push contract (the retailer only orders before the selling season starts and bears the full inventory risk). We derive the equilibrium wholesale prices, retail prices, production quantities, order quantities, and corresponding profits under each contract, respectively. By making a comparison between these two types of contracts, we find that when the potential market disruption is severe, the pull contract performs better than the push contract for the supply chain, while the push contract is more attractive for the supply chain when the potential market disruption is relatively mild. Moreover, the manufacturer always prefers the push contract, and the retailer always prefers the pull contract. We also show that the pull or push contract with revenue sharing can still coordinate the supply chain with the potential market disruption.
Destined to Design? How and Why Australian Women Choose to Study Industrial Design
Authors: Lockhart Cathy , Miller Evonne 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDespite over three decades of legislation and initiatives designed to tackle the traditional gender divide in the science, technology and design fields, only a quarter of the registered architects in Australia are women. There are no statistics available for other design disciplines, with little known about why women choose design as a career path and who or what influences this decision. This qualitative research addresses this knowledge gap, through semi‐structured in‐depth interviews conducted with 19 Australian women who completed an industrial (product) design degree. Thematic analysis revealed three key themes: childhood aptitude and exposure; significant experiences and people; and design as a serendipitous choice. The findings emphasise the importance of early exposure to design as a potential career choice, highlighting the critical role played by parents, teachers, professionals and social networks.
‘Global health’ and ‘global nursing’: proposed definitions from The Global Advisory Panel on the Future of Nursing
Authors: Wilson Lynda , Mendes Isabel Amelia Costa , Klopper Hester , Catrambone Cathy , Al‐Maaitah Rowaida , Norton Mary E. , Hill Martha 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimsTo propose definitions of global health and global nursing that reflect the new paradigm that integrates domestic and international health.BackgroundIncreased globalization has led to expanded awareness of the importance of global health and global nursing among students and faculty in the health professions and among policymakers and practitioners.DesignDiscussion paper that includes a discussion and review of the literature related to global health and global nursing.Data sourcesA task force searched for and reviewed articles published in English, Spanish or Portuguese between 2005‐2015, developed summaries, listed key elements, identified prevalent themes and developed consensus definitions.Implications for nursingThe definitions will be used by the Global Advisory Panel on the Future of Nursing to guide promoting a voice and vision for nursing that will contribute to the advancement of the profession's contribution to global health.ConclusionsDefinitions of global health and global nursing were developed based on main themes and concepts identified in the literature review to guide contributions of nursing to global health.
The role of social dominance orientation and patriotism in the evaluation of racial minority and female leaders
Authors: Hoyt Crystal L. , Simon Stefanie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis research broadens our understanding of racial and gender bias in leader evaluations by merging implicit leadership theory and social dominance perspectives. Across two experimental studies (291 participants), we tested the prediction that bias in leader evaluations stemming from White and masculine leader standards depends on the extent to which people favor hierarchical group relationships (social dominance orientation) and their level of patriotism. Employing the Goldberg paradigm, participants read identical leadership speeches attributed to either a woman or a man described as either a minority (Black or Latino/a) or a majority (White) group member. Results show social dominance orientation negatively predicted evaluations of minority and female leaders and patriotism positively predicted evaluations of White leaders.
The Information Content of Corporate Pension Funding Status in Japan
Authors: Goto Shingo , Yanase Noriyoshi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper tests if a firm's pension funding ratio (pension assets/PBO) reveals the management's private information about the firm's operation when the firm can exercise discretion in pension funding. The lax enforcement of pension funding rules and the prevalence of management forecasts make Japanese firms an ideal testing ground. We show that, among firms with large business uncertainty, large accruals, or high effective tax rates, the pension funding ratio predicts the firm's management forecast errors significantly beyond conventional control variable and the effects of pension accounting management. However, the stock market does not appear to incorporate this information immediately.
Individual Large Shareholders, Earnings Management, and Capital‐Market Consequences
Authors: Dou Yiwei , Hope Ole‐Kristian , Thomas Wayne B. , Zou Youli 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUsing a large hand‐collected sample of all blockholders (ownership ≥ 5%) of S&P 1500 firms for the years 2002–2009, we first document significant individual blockholder effects on earnings management (accrual‐based earnings management, real earnings management, and restatements). This association is driven primarily by these large shareholders influencing rather than selecting firms’ financial reporting practices. Second, the market's reaction to earnings announcements suggests that investors recognize the heterogeneity in blockholders’ influence on earnings management. The results highlight the highly individualized effects of blockholders and a mechanism through which shareholders impact reported earnings.