bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approach to Pericarditis
Authors: Yucelsen Can 
Published: October 2024

Pericarditis is the inflammation of the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium, presenting with characteristic chest pain, electrocardiographic changes, and a pericardial friction rub. It is the most frequent form of pericardial disease and a common cause of chest pain, particularly affecting males between 20-50 years. The etiology includes viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, autoimmune diseases, trauma, and other conditions like uremia and hypothyroidism.
The pathophysiology involves the activation of the inflammatory cascade leading to pericardial effusion, which can range from serous to hemorrhagic in nature. Acute pericarditis is characterized by intense inflammation and effusion, while chronic pericarditis may lead to fibrosis and constrictive pericarditis.
Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation, typical chest pain, EKG changes, and detection of pericardial effusion via echocardiography. Laboratory tests help rule out other conditions, and imaging techniques like CT and MRI can confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment is generally symptomatic for viral/idiopathic cases, utilizing NSAIDs, colchicine, and sometimes corticosteroids. Purulent pericarditis requires surgical drainage and antibiotics, while tuberculous pericarditis needs specific anti-tuberculosis treatment. Pericardiocentesis is indicated for tamponade, and pericardiectomy for constriction.
The prognosis is typically benign for idiopathic and viral pericarditis, although recurrent episodes can affect the quality of life. Acute pericarditis usually resolves without long-term damage, but complications such as cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis can occur.
Tuberculosis: Treatment
Authors: Abakay Ozlem , Oruc Menduh 
Published: October 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted by inhalation of droplets. Medication is the main component of TB treatment.
When starting tuberculosis treatment, first a case definition is made and the treatment regimen is determined. The treatment regimen consists of two periods: an initial period and a maintenance period. First-generation medications used in TB treatment: Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RIF), pyrazinamide (PZA), ethambutol (EMB) and streptomycin. Secondary medications used in the treatment of resistant TB. Treatment success rate increases with directly observed treatment.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Tetikkurt Cuneyt 
Published: October 2024

Pulmonary hypertension represents a significant complication of sarcoidosis, affecting both prognosis and quality of life for those afflicted. In sarcoidosis, PH often arises from pulmonary vascular involvement, characterized by vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, and thrombotic events within the pulmonary circulation.
This chapter explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic considerations specific to pulmonary hypertension in sarcoidosis. By unraveling these complexities, we aim to enhance awareness, early detection, and management strategies to optimize outcomes for patients facing this challenging manifestation of sarcoidosis.
Special Groups
Authors: Sukut Ozge 
Published: October 2024

Health assessment of special groups, such as children, the elderly, and people with disabilities, requires diﬀ erent health assessment procedures to meet the special needs of specifi c populations that require specialized care because of their characteristics, circumstances, or vulnerabilities.
In pediatric patients, it is important to assess growth and development, immunization status, age-appropriate milestones and behaviors, and screen for childhood diseases and conditions.In the elderly, a comprehensive geriatric assessment is important, including physical, mental, and functional aspects; screening for age-related conditions such as cognitive decline, falls, and frailty; a review of medication and medication management to avoid polypharmacy; and an assessment of social support and potential caregiver needs.
For people with disabilities, it is important to assess the specifi c disability and its impact on daily living, look for secondary health issues related to the disability, and identify accessibility and adaptive support needs.Health care providers should strive to create a supportive and respectful environment, addressing the specific challenges and needs of each group. Cultural competence, individual needs, and potential barriers to care should be considered when assessing the health of special groups.
Respiratory System
Authors: Can Gulbeyaz 
Published: October 2024

Respiratory assessment is an important component of medical practice that plays a fundamental role in evaluating the health and functionality of a person’s respiratory system. The respiratory system, which consists of the lungs, airways, and associated muscles, is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which is essential for sustaining life, and helps regulate the body’s acid-base balance by controlling carbon dioxide levels in the blood. An accurate and comprehensive examination of the respiratory system provides valuable insight into the condition of a person’s airway and aids in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of various respiratory diseases.
Healthcare professionals, from nurses to respiratory therapists to physicians, rely on respiratory assessment to provide important information about a patient’s breathing patterns, lung function and overall well-being. Systematic assessment allows nurses to detect early signs of respiratory dysfunction, monitor progression of existing conditions and tailor interventions to individual patient needs. The information obtained from a thorough respiratory assessment serves as the basis for clinical decisions and facilitates the development of personalized care plans.
This chapter address the importance of respiratory assessment in the clinical setting and highlight its role in detecting respiratory problems early and providing a foundation for informed medical care. As we navigate through this topic, it will become clear that a well-performed airway examination is an invaluable tool for healthcare providers who care about the well-being of their patients.
Introduction
Authors: Polat Mehmet Oguz 
Published: October 2024

Child maltreatment and child abuse is a serious problem in Turkiye. This problem can be seen in all segments of society with its various dimensions and negatively affects the lives of children. These problems, which can manifest themselves in different ways such as physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect, can inhibit children from growing up in a healthy way.
The frequency and severity of child maltreatment in Turkiye is alarming. In addition to the cases that are reflected in official statistics, there is silence and secrecy in many cases. This makes it difficult to report and prevent abuse. In addition, factors such as socio-economic factors, education level, family structure and cultural factors can also affect the prevalence of child abuse.
In Turkiye, various legal arrangements have been made to prevent child maltreatment and laws on children’s rights have been enacted. However, there are inadequacies and problems in implementation. There is a need to increase awareness-raising efforts to prevent child maltreatment, especially in family education, and to expand support services. This article aims to address all dimensions of child maltreatment.
Organic Aquaculture and Ecosystem Health
Authors: Turk Cebrahil 
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in mitigating drought-related losses in agriculture. Drought poses a significant threat to global food security, necessitating innovative solutions to enhance agricultural resilience. AI technologies, including predictive analytics, precision farming, and automated irrigation systems, are examined for their ability to optimize water usage, improve crop yields, and provide timely insights for proactive decision-making. By integrating AI into agricultural practices, farmers can better
anticipate and respond to drought conditions, reducing the adverse impacts on both crop production and economic stability. The study highlights the promising role of AI in fostering sustainable agriculture and ensuring food security in the face of increasing climate variability.
Radiologic Imaging of Scalp Lesions
Authors: Alver Kadir Han 
Published: October 2024

Scalp lesions present significant diagnostic challenges due to their similar appearances, making accurate radiological assessment crucial in lowering mortality and morbidity rates.
Understanding the scalp&#39;s anatomy, which includes five distinct layers-skin, dense connective tissue, epicranial aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, and pericranium-enables precise lesion localization. The vast majority of scalp abnormalities (93–98%) are benign, with trichilemmal cysts being the most common, followed by epidermal and dermal cysts, lipomas, nevi, and sebaceous cysts. Although less frequent, malignant scalp tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, lymphoma, metastases and malignant melanoma also occur and pose significant health risks.
Radiological imaging, particularly CT and MRI, plays a vital role in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions. Some characteristic imaging features of specific benign lesions, such as calcifications in trichilemmal cysts, fat density in lipomas, diffusion restriction in epidermoid cysts, and the typical locations of dermoid cysts with well-defined, non-invasive imaging features, aid radiologists in accurate diagnosis. On the contrary, although an accurate diagnosis of malignant tumors cannot be reached by radiological imaging alone, aggressive characteristics like bone erosion, destruction, and infiltration into surrounding tissues should predominantly raise suspicion of malignancy. Proper radiological evaluation and familiarity with the imaging features of these lesions are essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning, whether surgical or nonsurgical.
SARS-COV-2 and Brain Disease
Authors: Demir Fidel 
Published: October 2024

Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the lungs and causes respiratory distress, but also affects all other tissues, especially the brain and heart. COVID-19 has caused devastation, maiming and killing millions of people worldwide.
It is crucial to elucidate the factors involved in the development of this pandemic to prevent the emergence of similar pandemics in the coming years. Analysing the transmission routes, mechanism of action, treatment approaches and prognostic factors of SARS-CoV-2 is imperative for the future of humanity. Patients may experience neurological symptoms such as anosmia, wetusia, encephalopathy, meningitis and cerebral vascular events. Almost every symptom related to the nervous system can be seen in SARS-CoV-2 patients. In this article, I aimed to explain the neurological effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the light of the literature.
What Is Immunotherapy and History of Immunotherapy in Cancers
Authors: Ayyildiz Orhan , Hekimoglu Yusuf 
Published: October 2024

Immunotherapy, a transformative cancer treatment, harnesses the immune system’s inherent ability to combat neoplastic cells. Ancient medicine hinted at immunological principles, recognizing natural disease resistance and the body’s defensive capabilities. Over time, the understanding of the immune system evolved, with key contributions from early thinkers like Ibn Sina and later scientific pioneers like Ilya Mechnikov.
The immune system, comprising innate and adaptive components, is vital in defending against pathogens and regulating cell proliferation, including cancerous cells. The concept of immune surveillance highlights the immune system’s role in preventing cancer development.
Modern immunotherapy includes several approaches: monoclonal antibodies target specific proteins on cancer cells to mark them for destruction; cancer vaccines prevent virus-related cancers like HPV and hepatitis B; adoptive cell therapy, including CAR T-cell and TIL therapies, enhances patients’ immune cells to fight cancer; checkpoint inhibitors block proteins that allow cancer cells to evade the immune response; and oncolytic virotherapy uses engineered viruses to destroy cancer cells and stimulate the immune response.
These therapies, based on profound immunological insights, represent a significant advancement in oncology, offering new hope for patients by leveraging the immune system’s power to combat cancer.
Historical and Chemical Examination of Alcohol
Authors: Uysal Cem 
Published: October 2024

Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis contemplating pregnancy should receive comprehensive pre-pregnancy counseling, including discussions about the potential risks of pregnancy on disease progression and maternal health. Collaborative care involving obstetricians, pulmonologists, and maternal-fetal medicine specialists is essential to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes while minimizing risks to both. Careful consideration should be given to medication selection and dosing during pregnancy, with a focus on minimizing fetal exposure to teratogenic or harmful agents while maintaining maternal disease stability and symptom control. Close monitoring of maternal lung function, symptoms, and pregnancy complications is necessary throughout gestation, with regular assessments to detect any signs of disease progression or exacerbations.
Elderly patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. may present with age-related changes in lung function, comorbidities, and functional status, necessitating individualized management approaches. Comprehensive geriatric assessment, including evaluation of functional status, cognitive function, nutritional status, and frailty, is valuable in identifying and addressing age-related vulnerabilities and optimizing care for elderly patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.nTreatment decisions in elderly patients should balance the potential benefits and risks of pharmacological interventions, taking into account age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes, comorbidities, polypharmacy, and frailty.
Family and Sexuality
Authors: Dursun Recep 
Published: October 2024

In this section, where the concepts are defined, the importance of sexuality in ensuring family integrity is explained. Sexuality is an important and integral part of human life, as well as one of the basic elements that determine the quality of healthy life in our family life. Sexuality is closely related to mental health, with many aspects affecting our physical and emotional health. While discussing the definitions and functions of marriage, many scientists have combined marriage and sexuality in the same definition.
The basis of marriage lies in meeting and satisfying the basic needs of men and women. ""Sexual instinct is an interest that biologically ensures the continuation of the species, and socially it is a tendency that directs one person to another."" One of the basic ""biological"" functions of marriage is to ""satisfy the sexual instinct"", where the partners meet each other’s desires in harmony and the sexual instinct is satisfied in a legitimate way. As a result, the need to ""have children, raise them and produce their own generations"" is also met. Individuals’ needs for each other gain a certain meaning when the personalities in the family complement each other. The function of the family that ensures the continuation of the generation began with the existence of humans on earth and will continue as long as humanity exists.
ASPECTOS A SEREM CONSIDERADOS NA GESTÃO, PLANEJAMENTO E ORGANIZAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA EM EDUCAÇÃO À DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Rosa William Ferreira , Gabriel Katiuscia de Oliveira Francisco , Santana Lucas Fagundes 
Published: October 2024

O presente trabalho vai revelar os aspectos a serem considerados na gestão, planejamento e organização de um sistema em educação à distância. O objetivo é apresentar a relação à importância da gestão, planejamento e organização em educação à distância para a instituição, com uma nova modalidade de ensino. O estudo será pautado em pesquisa bibliográfica. Uma abordagem comparativa entre o ensino presencial e a distância não pode ser tomada ipsis litteris, uma vez que sua variação está diretamente relacionada tanto à capacidade de organização acadêmica de cada instituição de ensino, quanto a características sócio-econômico-culturais locais e regionais.
PESSOA, DRUMMOND E AS PEDRAS
Authors: Thimóteo Maria Natália Ferreira Gomes 
Published: October 2024

O enigma da poesia de Fernando Pessoa estende‐se também à de Drummond, em muitas de suas faces como auto‐reflexão, o lirismo meditativo através de disfarces e máscaras que perpassam suas obras. O jogo de velamento/desvelamento, o principal artifício pessoano é seguido por Drummond, assim como os temas da transitoriedade do homem, da redenção pela palavra, do canto e desencanto, da consciência dos paradoxos e da impossibilidade de cumprir o sonho, “pedras” modulares do seu fazer poético . A questão da propriedade e da originalidade se relativizam sob a ótica da intertextualidade, segundo os conceitos de Bakthin, e as influências são um confronto produtivo com o Outro.
GESTÃO DAS ÁGUAS URBANAS: UMA LEITURA DO SISTEMA DE ABASTECIMENTO DE ÁGUA POTÁVEL EM UMA COMUNIDADE AMAZÔNICA
Authors: Freitas Josimar da Silva , Araújo José Júlio César do N. , De Farias Cleilton S. 
Published: October 2024

Este artigo surge dos primeiros resultados do projeto de pesquisa “A gestão da água potável nos centros urbanos da Amazônia Ocidental”. A pesquisa buscou identificar como é realizada a gestão da Água potável de Cruzeiro do Sul (AC) e a caracterização da distribuição. O estudo se justifica, tendo em vista que, ao analisar a gestão das águas, estaremos engajados em buscar alternativas capazes de amenizar a relação do homem com os recursos hídricos e assim, formular princípios e diretrizes para a estruturação de sistemas gerenciais e à tomada de decisões que tem por desígnio final promover o inventário de uso, controle e proteção dos recursos hídricos. O estudo demonstra que alguns fatores que influenciam tais mudanças incluem: (1) qualidade química e biológica da fonte hídrica; (2) eficácia do processo de tratamento, reservatório (armazenagem) e sistema de distribuição; (3) idade, tipo, projeto e manutenção da rede; (4) qualidade da água tratada. Em Cruzeiro do Sul, no Estado Acre, o abastecimento de água é fornecido pelo Departamento Estadual de Água e Saneamento - DEAS, e tem como principal fonte de captação de água os igarapés (São Salvador e Formoso)É importante destacar que cada uma destas camadas possui origem e características construtivas diferentes. O desenho da rede de distribuição, fornecido pela agência de saneamento, demonstra a capacidade de se suprir com água determinada parcela da população localizada em torno desta rede. O abastecimento efetivo destes domicílios depende, no entanto, de outras características de projeto e operação, tais como a pressão, vazão e regime de fluxo da rede, bem como a disposição desta população de pagar por este serviço. No caso da qualidade da água, estes dados sempre referidos a pontos de amostragem dificilmente poderiam ser extrapolados para áreas adjacentes, porque representam determinadas condições de um trecho linear da rede de distribuição.A metodologia utilizada foi a construção do Índice de Satisfação da Comunidade (ISC), com base classificação da OCDE (Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Econômico, 1993), partindo dos indicadores ambientais sistematizados pelo modelo Pressão – Estado - Resposta (PER).
MULHER NEGRA NA LIDA E NA VIDA NA REGIÃO CACAUEIRA DA BAHIA
Authors: Santos Cristiane Batista da Silva 
Published: October 2024

Este artigo é parte da dissertação concluída ligada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Cultura, Memória e Desenvolvimento Regional da UNEB, que discute identidade e religiosidade afro-brasileira na comunidade do Camamuzinho, distrito de Ibirapitanga no sul da Bahia. E o recorte temático aqui faz duas reflexões em torno de mulheres negras e suas experiências numa comunidade no sul da Bahia. Recorrendo à História Oral e à memória, entre 1960 e 1990, reflete a experiência de comunidade e identidade na dinâmica da região cacaueira sem esquecer a literatura regional.
BRINQUEDOTECA HOSPITALAR: SUA INFLUÊNCIA NA RECUPERAÇÃO DA CRIANÇA HOSPITALIZADA
Authors: De Abreu Simone Aparecida Kraus , Fagundes Elizabeth Macedo 
Published: October 2024

Com a perspectiva de ampliar as discussões e ações sobre a importância da brinquedoteca hospitalar e sua influência na recuperação da criança hospitalizada, neste artigo destacamos a importância do brincar e do brinquedo como atividade terapêutica e como um meio que possibilita a criança, criar, reinventar, descobrir novas situações, além de ser um recurso utilizado para diminuir o impacto da hospitalização, o qual proporciona a criança um ambiente mais prazeroso ajudando na sua recuperação.
PREVALÊNCIA DE ASMA E ASMA INDUZIDA PELO EXERCÍCIO EM ADOLESCENTES NA CIDADE DE GUARAPUAVA-PR
Authors: De Moraes Suéllen 
Published: October 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência de asma e asma induzida pelo exercício em adolescentes. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal, composto por 393 adolescentes, com idade entre 13 e 14 anos, provenientes dos colégios estaduais no município de Guarapuava-PR. Utilizou-se o questionário do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Conclui-se que a asma e asma induzida pelo exercício foram altamente prevalentes nessa população e com discreta diferença entre os gêneros.
OBESIDADE: ASPECTOS GERAIS DOS FATORES, TRATAMENTO E PREVENÇÃO
Authors: Oliveira Lidiane Honório , De Almeida Pablo 
Published: October 2024

O objetivo do estudo foi revisar a literatura para identificar os variados fatores que causam a obesidade e quais os caminhos indicados para seu tratamento e prevenção. Para a revisão da literatura foram utilizadas as bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, com publicações entre o período de 2000 à 2008, e foi utilizada também a Biblioteca Central da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). Pode-se concluir que a obesidade é multifatorial, que exige um tratamento baseado em dieta e exercícios físicos e a prevenção é que pode à longo prazo reduzir da epidemia mundial.