bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐P tectono‐metamorphic evolution of mylonites from the Variscan basement of the Northern Apennines, Italy
Authors: Lo Pò Deborah , Braga Roberto , Massonne Hans‐Joachim , Molli Giancarlo , Montanini Alessandra , Bargossi Giuseppe M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStrain localization within shear zones may partially erase the rock fabric and the metamorphic assemblage(s) that had developed before the mylonitic event. In poly‐deformed basements, the loss of information on pre‐kinematic phases of mylonites hinders large‐scale correlations based on tectono‐metamorphic data. In this study, devoted to a relict unit of Variscan basement reworked within the nappe stack of the Northern Apennines (Italy), we investigate the possibility to reconstruct a complete pressure (P)–temperature (T)–deformation (D) path of mylonitic micaschist and amphibolite by integrating microstructural analysis, mineral chemistry and thermodynamic modelling. The micaschist is characterized by a mylonitic fabric with fine‐grained K‐white mica and chlorite enveloping mica‐fishes, quartz, and garnet pseudomorphs. Potassic white mica shows Mg‐rich cores and Mg‐poor rims. The amphibolite contains green amphibole+plagioclase+garnet+quartz+ilmenite defining S1 with a superposed mylonitic fabric localized in decimetre‐ to centimetre‐scale shear zones. Garnet is surrounded by an amphibole+plagioclase corona. Phase diagram calculations provide P–T constraints that are linked to the reconstructed metamorphic‐deformational stages. For the first time an early high‐P stage at >11 kbar and 510°C was constrained, followed by a temperature peak at 550–590°C and 9–10 kbar and a retrograde stage (<475°C, <7 kbar), during which ductile shear zones developed. The inferred clockwise P–T–D path was most likely related to crustal thickening by continent‐continent collision during the Variscan orogeny. A comparison of this P–T–D path with those of other Variscan basement occurrences in the Northern Apennines revealed significant differences. Conversely, a correlation between the tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Variscan basement at Cerreto pass, NE Sardinia and Ligurian Alps was established.
Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia: the role of ceramide
Authors: Scheiblich Hannah , Schlütter Anna , Golenbock Douglas T. , Latz Eicke , Martinez‐Martinez Pilar , Heneka Michael T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInflammation within the CNS is a major component of many neurodegenerative diseases. A characteristic feature is the generation of microglia‐derived factors that play an essential role in the immune response. IL‐1β is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine released by activated microglia, able to exacerbate injury at elevated levels. In the presence of caspase‐1, pro‐IL‐1β is cleaved to the mature cytokine following NOD‐like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Growing evidence suggests that ceramide plays a critical role in NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, however, the relationship between ceramide and inflammasome activation in microglia remains unknown. Here, we investigated potential mechanistic links between ceramide as a modulator of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and the resulting secretion of IL‐1β using small bioactive enzyme stimulators and inhibitors of ceramide signaling in wild‐type and apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a CARD knockout (ASC−/−) primary microglia. To induce the expression of inflammasome components, microglia were primed prior to experiments. Treatment with sodium palmitate (PA) induced de novo ceramide synthesis via modulation of its synthesizing protein serine palmitoyl transferase resulting in increased IL‐1β secretion in microglia. Exposure of microglia to the serine palmitoyl transferase‐inhibitor l‐cycloserine significantly prevented PA‐induced IL‐1β secretion. Application of the ceramide analogue C2 and the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate‐receptor agonist Fingolimod (FTY720) up‐regulated levels of IL‐1β and cleaved caspase‐1 in wild‐type microglia, whereas ASC−/− microglia were unaffected. HPA‐12 inhibition of ceramide transport did not affect inflammasome activation. Taken together, our findings reveal a critical role for ceramide as a positive modulator of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and the resulting release of IL‐1β.
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Seven‐Tesla Magnetization Transfer Imaging to Detect Multiple Sclerosis White Matter Lesions
Authors: Chou I‐Jun , Lim Su‐Yin , Tanasescu Radu , Al‐Radaideh Ali , Mougin Olivier E. , Tench Christopher R. , Whitehouse William P. , Gowland Penny A. , Constantinescu Cris S. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEFluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging at 3 Tesla (T) field strength is the most sensitive modality for detecting white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis. While 7T FLAIR is effective in detecting cortical lesions, it has not been fully optimized for visualization of white matter lesions and thus has not been used for delineating lesions in quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of 7T magnetization‐transfer‐weighted (MTw) images in the detection of white matter lesions compared with 3T‐FLAIR.METHODSFifteen patients with clinically isolated syndrome, 6 with multiple sclerosis, and 10 healthy participants were scanned with 7T 3‐dimensional (D) MTw and 3T‐2D‐FLAIR sequences on the same day. White matter lesions visible on either sequence were delineated.RESULTSOf 662 lesions identified on 3T‐2D‐FLAIR images, 652 were detected on 7T‐3D‐MTw images (sensitivity, 98%; 95% confidence interval, 97% to 99%). The Spearman correlation coefficient between lesion loads estimated by the two sequences was .910. The intrarater and interrater reliability for 7T‐3D‐MTw images was good with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 98.4% and 81.8%, which is similar to that for 3T‐2D‐FLAIR images (ICC 96.1% and 96.7%).CONCLUSIONSeven‐Tesla MTw sequences detected most of the white matter lesions identified by FLAIR at 3T. This suggests that 7T‐MTw imaging is a robust alternative for detecting demyelinating lesions in addition to 3T‐FLAIR. Future studies need to compare the roles of optimized 7T‐FLAIR and of 7T‐MTw imaging.
Anomalies and Normal Variants of the Cerebral Arterial Supply: A Comprehensive Pictorial Review with a Proposed Workflow for Classification and Significance
Authors: Hakim Arsany , Gralla Jan , Rozeik Christoph , Mordasini Pasquale , Leidolt Lars , Piechowiak Eike , Ozdoba Christoph , El‐Koussy Marwan 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTCerebral arteries may exhibit a wide range of variation from normal anatomy, which can be incidentally discovered during imaging. Knowledge of such variants is crucial to differentiate them from pathologies, to understand the etiology of certain pathologies directly related to a vascular variant, and to depict the changes in collateral circulation in patients with certain variants. Detection of particular variants may lead to the discovery of other nonvascular or vascular anomalies, especially aneurysms, and may also affect planning of endovascular or neurosurgical interventions. In this review, we summarize the variants and anomalies of cerebral arteries seen on cross‐sectional imaging classified by a morphological approach and categorize their significance from a clinical perspective. This structured review is intended to serve as a guide for daily use in clinical practice.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 3‐unit fixed dental prostheses: Are the results of 2 abutment implants comparable to the results of 2 abutment teeth?
Authors: Pol C. W. P. , Raghoebar G. M. , Kerdijk W. , Boven G. C. , Cune M. S. , Meijer H. J. A. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe purpose of the systematic review and meta‐analysis was to compare the performance of 3‐unit bridges on teeth with 3‐unit bridges on implants, evaluating survival of the bridges, survival of the teeth or implants, condition of the hard and soft tissues surrounding the supports, complications and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROM) after a mean observation period of at least 1 year. A literature search was conducted using a combination of the search terms: fixed partial denture and fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). An electronic search for data published until January 2017 was undertaken using the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. Eligibility criteria included clinical human studies, either randomised or not, interventional or observational, which evaluated the results of 3‐unit FDPs on either 2 implants or 2 abutment teeth. The search identified 1686 unique references. After applying eligibility criteria, 66 articles were included in the analysis. A total of 1973 3‐unit FDPs were supported by teeth, and 765 were implant‐supported. No significant differences were found either in the survival of the supporting abutments (P = .52; 99% vs 98.7% survival per year) or in the survival of the prostheses (P = .34; 96.4% vs 97.4% survival per year). Both treatments show an almost equally low complication rate, but there is a low level of reporting of hard and soft tissue conditions and PROM. It is concluded that implant‐supported 3‐unit FDPs seem to be a reliable treatment with survival rates not significantly different from the results of teeth‐supported 3‐unit FDPs.
Long‐term responses of canopy–understorey interactions to disturbance severity in primary Picea abies forests
Authors: Bače Radek , Schurman Jonathan S. , Brabec Marek , Čada Vojtěch , Després Tiphaine , Janda Pavel , Lábusová Jana , Mikoláš Martin , Morrissey Robert C. , Mrhalová Hana , Nagel Thomas A. , Nováková Markéta H. , Seedre Meelis , Synek Michal , Trotsiuk Volodymyr , Svoboda Miroslav 
Published: September 2017

AbstractQuestionsHow do canopy–understorey interactions respond to variation in disturbance severity over extended periods of time? For forests with different disturbance histories, do light availability and understorey cohort densities converge towards a common old‐growth structure, or do historical legacies influence populations indefinitely?LocationsRemnants of primary spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests throughout Germany, Slovakia, Ukraine and Romania.MethodsA disturbance history of >200 yr was reconstructed from 11 278 tree cores collected from forest plots (n = 520). Understorey tree densities of two size classes and hemispherical photo‐based light availabilities were inventoried and modelled as functions of the severity of the main disturbance and time since the event.ResultsVariation in understorey tree densities had a hump‐shaped distribution through time. Stem densities were approximately static in the least disturbed sites, and declined in relation to disturbance severity over approx. 100 yr. Similar to patterns of stem densities, initially high understorey light availability also reached a minimum at 100 yr, which indicated crown closure. Following this, light availability and stem densities both increased as stands transitioned from stem exclusion to understorey re‐initiation. The effect of disturbance severity on understorey densities and patchiness in light availability persisted for >200 yr.ConclusionsLong‐term trends in canopy–understorey interactions validate current conceptual models of forest development. Furthermore, we empirically validate that these conceptual models generalized over gradients in disturbance severity. Higher disturbance sites exhibited a more even‐aged character with more pronounced periods of stem exclusion, canopy closure and understorey re‐initiation; forests with low‐severity disturbance histories yielded a more stationary uneven‐aged structure. The model identified the extent of variation in disturbance severity within which these P. abies forests are able to regenerate and retain their monospecific character, which is increasingly relevant as disturbance regimes continue to shift under global climate change.
High‐pressure polymorphs in Yamato‐790729 L6 chondrite and their significance for collisional conditions
Authors: Kato Yukako , Sekine Toshimori , Kayama Masahiko , Miyahara Masaaki , Yamaguchi Akira 
Published: September 2017

AbstractShock pressure recorded in Yamato (Y)‐790729, classified as L6 type ordinary chondrite, was evaluated based on high‐pressure polymorph assemblages and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra of maskelynite. The host‐rock of Y‐790729 consists mainly of olivine, low‐Ca pyroxene, plagioclase, metallic Fe‐Ni, and iron‐sulfide with minor amounts of phosphate and chromite. A shock‐melt vein was observed in the hostrock. Ringwoodite, majorite, akimotoite, lingunite, tuite, and xieite occurred in and around the shock‐melt vein. The shock pressure in the shock‐melt vein is about 14–23 GPa based on the phase equilibrium diagrams of high‐pressure polymorphs. Some plagioclase portions in the host‐rock occurred as maskelynite. Sixteen different CL spectra of maskelynite portions were deconvolved using three assigned emission components (centered at 2.95, 3.26, and 3.88 eV). The intensity of emission component at 2.95 eV was selected as a calibrated barometer to estimate shock pressure, and the results indicate pressures of about 11–19 GPa. The difference in pressure between the shock‐melt vein and host‐rock might suggest heterogeneous shock conditions. Assuming an average shock pressure of 18 GPa, the impact velocity of the parent‐body of Y‐790729 is calculated to be ~1.90 km s−1. The parent‐body would be at least ~10 km in size based on the incoherent formation mechanism of ringwoodite in Y‐790729.
Induction of apoptosis‐like cell death and clearance of stress‐induced intracellular protein aggregates: dual roles for Ustilago maydis metacaspase Mca1
Authors: Mukherjee Dibya , Gupta Sayandeep , Saran N. , Datta Rahul , Ghosh Anupama 
Published: September 2017

SummaryMetacaspases primarily associate with induction and execution of programmed cell death in protozoa, fungi and plants. In the recent past, several studies have also demonstrated cellular functions of metacaspases other than cell death in different organisms including yeast and protozoa. This study shows similar dual function for the only metacaspase of a biotrophic phytopathogen, Ustilago maydis. In addition to a conventional role in the induction of cell death, Mca1 has been demonstrated to play a key role in maintaining the quality of the cellular proteome. On one hand, Mca1 could be shown to bring about apoptosis‐like phenotypic changes in U. maydis on exposure to oxidative stress, on the other hand, the protein was found to regulate cellular protein quality control. U. maydis metacaspase has been found to remain closely associated with the insoluble intracellular protein aggregates, generated during an event of stress exposure to the fungus. The study, therefore, provides direct evidence for a role of U. maydis metacaspase in the clearance of the stress‐induced intracellular insoluble protein aggregates. Furthermore, host infection assays with mca1 deletion strain also revealed a role of the protein in the virulence of the fungus.
Utilization of Leads After Permanent Implant in Spinal Cord Stimulator Systems
Authors: Sanders Rebecca A. , Hoelzer Bryan C. , Bendel Markus A. , Lamer Tim J. , Pittelkow Thomas P. , Eldrige Jason S. , Pingree Matthew J. , Moeschler Susan M. , Gazelka Halena M. , Mauck W. David , Rho Richard H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical indications associated with implantation of single vs. dual percutaneous lead spinal cord stimulator (SCS) systems and to look further into how these leads are utilized for treatment.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of all patients undergoing SCS implantation between January 2001 and December 2013 with a minimum of 2 years of clinical follow‐up was performed. Number of trial leads and implanted leads was recorded. For patients with dual‐lead systems, it was noted if and when the second lead was used, along with the clinical indication for lead activation.ResultsIn the 259‐patient cohort, 15.8% (n = 41) patients underwent placement of a single‐lead system, 83.0% (n = 215) underwent placement of a dual‐lead system, and 1.2% (n = 3) underwent placement of 3‐lead systems. Placement of dual‐lead systems was similar among all indication groups. Of those patients with a dual‐lead system in place, 88.1% utilized both leads and average time to programming of the second lead was 2.3 months. The most common reason to activate the second lead was inadequate stimulation coverage. Five of the 41 patients with single‐lead systems underwent an additional surgery to implant a second lead due to inadequate stimulation with 1 lead.ConclusionsTo our knowledge this is the first descriptive analysis of the frequency of single‐ and dual‐lead SCS systems. This report indicates that dual‐lead systems are most often placed and both leads are required for optimal patient therapy.
Oral Prolonged‐Release Oxycodone/Naloxone for Managing Pain and Opioid‐Induced Constipation: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Morlion Bart J. , Mueller‐Lissner Stefan A. , Vellucci Renato , Leppert Wojciech , Coffin Benoît C. , Dickerson Sara L. , O'Brien Tony 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundOpioids provide effective relief from moderate‐to‐severe pain and should be prescribed as part of a multifaceted approach to pain management when other treatments have failed. Fixed‐dose oxycodone/naloxone prolonged‐release tablets (OXN PR) were designed to address the opioid class effect of opioid‐induced constipation (OIC) by combining the analgesic efficacy of oxycodone with the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, which has negligible systemic availability when administered orally. This formulation has abuse‐deterrent properties, since systemic exposure to naloxone by parenteral administration would antagonize the euphoric effects of oxycodone.MethodsA literature search was conducted to assess the evidence base for OXN PR to treat moderate‐to‐severe pain and its impact on bowel function, based on published clinical trials and observational studies.ResultsExtensive data demonstrate that OXN PR provides effective analgesia and clinically relevant improvements in bowel function in patients with OIC and moderate‐to‐severe cancer‐related pain and noncancer pain types such as low back pain, neuropathic pain, and musculoskeletal pain. OXN PR has also been found to improve bowel function in patients with OIC refractory to multiple types of laxatives, and improve Parkinson's disease–related pain. No unanticipated safety concerns have been reported in elderly patients.ConclusionsEvidence from clinical trials and observational studies confirms that for selected patients OXN PR significantly improves moderate‐to‐severe chronic pain and provides relief from OIC. Treatment should be tailored to individual patients to establish the lowest effective dose. An absence of analgesic ceiling effect was seen across the clinically relevant dose range investigated (≤ 160/80 mg/day).
Physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the integration of light and temperature cues in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds
Authors: Arana María Verónica , Tognacca Rocío Soledad , Estravis‐Barcalá Maximiliano , Sánchez Rodolfo Augusto , Botto Javier Francisco 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe relief of dormancy and the promotion of seed germination are of extreme importance for a successful seedling establishment. Although alternating temperatures and light are signals promoting the relief of seed dormancy, the underlying mechanisms of their interaction in seeds are scarcely known. By exposing imbibed Arabidopsis thaliana dormant seeds to two‐day temperature cycles previous of a red light pulse, we demonstrate that the germination mediated by phytochrome B requires the presence of functional PSEUDO‐RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 (PRR7) and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) alleles. In addition, daily cycles of alternating temperatures in darkness reduce the protein levels of DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 (DOG1), allowing the expression of TOC1 to induce seed germination. Our results suggest a functional role for some components of the circadian clock related with the action of DOG1 for the integration of alternating temperatures and light signals in the relief of seed dormancy. The synchronization of germination by the synergic action of light and temperature through the activity of circadian clock might have ecological and adaptive consequences.
Polarized transilluminating dermoscopy: Bedside trichoscopic diagnosis of trichothiodystrophy
Authors: Yang Yul W. , Yarbrough Kevin , Mitkov Mario , Russi Daniela , Price Harper N. , Swanson David L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTrichothiodystrophy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting in a broad range of systemic abnormalities. Polarizing microscopy of the hair reveals the pathognomic “tiger tail” of alternating light and dark bands, but the need for a microscope prevents rapid bedside diagnosis. We describe a new technique for the bedside diagnosis of trichothiodystrophy using a handheld polarizing dermatoscope, precluding the need for microscopic examination.
Immigrant Health through the Lens of Home Visitors, Supervisors, and Administrators: The Florida Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program
Authors: Jean‐Baptiste Esther , Alitz Paige , Birriel Pamela C. , Davis Siobhan , Ramakrishnan Rema , Olson Leandra , Marshall Jennifer 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe Florida Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) program aims to minimize the occurrence of adverse maternal and child health outcomes for mothers deemed at‐risk during pregnancy or shortly after childbirth. This study sought to understand the needs of and challenges faced by immigrant families in accessing health care through the perspective of Florida MIECHV home visitors, supervisors, and administrators.Design and SampleIn this exploratory qualitative study, focus groups were held at each of the Florida MIECHV‐funded program sites with a total of 81 MIECHV staff to discuss how the program addresses a range of participant needs.MeasuresData were collected through 32 semi‐structured focus groups. Transcripts were analyzed using a hybrid approach entailing the development of an a priori codebook and thematic analysis.ResultsStaff from eight of the 11 programs described social and physical isolation and economic hardship faced by immigrant families enrolled in their programs, resulting in barriers to needed health care and social services.ConclusionsHome visitors in the Florida MIECHV program served as trusted confidants that helped families navigate social services. Future research should focus on the impact that home visiting has on immigrant health and whether this impact is maintained over time.
Creating and sustaining an academic‐practice Partnership Engagement Model
Authors: Schaffer Marjorie A. , Schoon Patricia M. , Brueshoff Bonnie L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPublic health clinical educators and practicing public health nurses (PHNs) are experiencing challenges in creating meaningful clinical learning experiences for nursing students due to an increase in nursing programs and greater workload responsibilities for both nursing faculty and PHNs. The Henry Street Consortium (HSC), a collaborative group of PHNs and nursing faculty, conducted a project to identify best practices for public health nursing student clinical learning experiences. Project leaders surveyed HSC members about preferences for teaching‐learning strategies, facilitated development of resources and tools to guide learning, organized faculty/PHN pilot teams to test resources and tools with students, and evaluated the pilot team experiences through two focus groups. The analysis of the outcomes of the partnership engagement project led to the development of the Partnership Engagement Model (PEM), which may be used by nursing faculty and their public health practice partners to guide building relationships and sustainable partnerships for educating nursing students.