bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteopathic Medical Students Entering Family Medicine and Attitudes Regarding Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: Preliminary Findings of Differences by Sex
Authors: Baker Helen H. , Linsenmeyer Machelle , Ridpath Lance C. , Bauer Laurie J. , Foster Robert W. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Context
Factors distinguishing osteopathic physicians from their allopathic counterparts include the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), application of osteopathic principles and practice (OPP), and a greater likelihood of entering primary care, specifically family medicine (FM). In the United States, the percentage of entering osteopathic medical students who were female rose from 14.3% in fall 1977 to 44.3% in fall 2015.

Objectives
To investigate the perspectives of female osteopathic medical students as they relate to osteopathic distinctiveness.

Methods
Students at the West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine who were eligible to participate in graduation exercises in 2014 or 2015 were asked to complete the school's standard Exit Survey. The research team chose 5 items from the survey to include in the current analysis. Sex had been self-identified at admission, and residency in first postgraduate year was categorized as FM or other specialty. Graduates entering a transitional year or traditional internship were removed from analysis.

Results
Analysis was conducted for 308 of the 375 students (82%) expected to graduate in 2014 or 2015. χ2 analysis found no difference by sex in the number of graduates entering FM residencies vs other specialties (P=.727). Statistically significant differences were found in 2 survey items: “Use of OMT will enhance my practice” (P=.005) and “What emphasis do you believe OMT will have in your practice?” (P<.001). Graduating female students responded more favorably to OMT on both items. For the latter item, 91.4% of female and 80.3% of male students indicated OMT would have at least some role in their practices. Sex differences remained after statistically controlling for entry into FM.

Conclusion
Female graduating osteopathic medical students were more likely to report that OMT will have at least some role in their practices. Future studies of the attitudes and practice patterns of osteopathic physicians should analyze for differences by sex.
Economia Criativa e Inovação: Pequenas empresas em Porto Alegre
Authors: Ruduit Garcia Sandro 
Published: May 2017

O artigo empenha-se em indagar: Como ocorre o processo de crescimento de “pequenas empresas criativas”? A proposta é analisar as estratégias produtivas e tecnológicas desse tipo de empresa e suas implicações nas chances de geração de inovações econômicas.
Com base em entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com gestores de 15 pequenas empresas ligadas a setores da economia criativa na cidade de Porto Alegre, podem-se delinear dois tipos de trajetórias no processo de crescimento: a criação de inovações incrementais e a imitação de inovações. Os empreendedores criativos parecem constituir seus negócios desde a identificação de novos espaços de mercado para produtos criativos, na cidade, no país e mesmo no exterior.
Pleistocene slip rates on the Boconó fault along the North Andean Block plate boundary, Venezuela
Authors: Pousse‐Beltran Lea , Vassallo Riccardo , Audemard Franck , Jouanne François , Carcaillet Julien , Pathier Erwan , Volat Matthieu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Boconó fault is a strike‐slip fault lying between the North Andean Block and the South American plate which has triggered at least fiveMw > 7 historical earthquakes in Venezuela. The North Andean Block is currently moving toward NNE with respect to a stable South American plate. This relative displacement at ~12 mm yr−1in Venezuela (within the Maracaibo Block) was measured by geodesy, but until now the distribution and rates of Quaternary deformation have remained partially unclear. We used two alluvial fans offset by the Boconó fault (Yaracuy Valley) to quantify slip rates, by combining10Be cosmogenic dating with measurements of tectonic displacements on high‐resolution satellite images (Pleiades). Based upon a fan dated at >79 ka and offset by 1350–1580 m and a second fan dated at 120–273 ka and offset by 1236–1500 m, we obtained two Pleistocene rates of 5.0–11.2 and <20.0 mm yr−1, consistent with the regional geodesy. This indicates that the Boconó fault in the Yaracuy Valley accommodates 40 to 100% of the deformation between the South American plate and the Maracaibo Block. As no aseismic deformation was shown by interferometric synthetic aperture radar analysis, we assume that the fault is locked since the 1812 event. This implies that there is a slip deficit in the Yaracuy Valley since the last earthquake ranging from ~1 to 4 m, corresponding to aMw7–7.6 earthquake. This magnitude is comparable to the 1812 earthquake and to other historical events along the Boconó fault.
A kinetic model to explain the grain size and organic matter content dependence of magnetic susceptibility in transitional marine environments: A case study in Ria de Muros (NWIberia)
Authors: Mohamed Kais J. , Andrade Alba , Rey Daniel , Rubio Belén , Bernabeu Ana María 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMagnetic minerals in marine sediments are sensitive indicators of processes such as provenance changes, climatic controls, pollution, and postdepositional geochemical changes. Magnetic susceptibility is the bulk property of the sediments most commonly used to understand the magnetic characteristics of sediments. Before conclusions can be drawn from changes in this parameter, it is important to understand what factors and to what extent control changes in magnetic susceptibility. The magnetic susceptibility of surficial sediments in the Galician Rias Baixas, in NW Spain, has been shown to covary with sediment texture and organic matter content. Downcore, the magnetic properties of these sediments experience drastic changes as a result of strong dissolution caused by early diagenesis. In this paper, we further explore the relationship between these factors and formalize the observed covariations as the result of a simple second‐order kinetic model dependent on the content of organic matter in surficial sediments in the Ria de Muros. The reanalysis of previously reported data from the Rias de Vigo and Pontevedra confirmed the validity of this model and suggested further controls such as wave climate and water depth in the rates at which magnetic susceptibility changes are controlled by organic matter content.
The onset of modern‐like Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at the Eocene‐Oligocene transition: Evidence, causes, and possible implications for global cooling
Authors: Abelson Meir , Erez Jonathan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA compilation of benthic δ18O from the whole Atlantic and the Southern Ocean (Atlantic sector) shows two major jumps in the interbasinal gradient of δ18O (Δδ18O) during the Eocene and the Oligocene: one at ∼40 Ma and the second concomitant with the isotopic event of the Eocene‐Oligocene transition (EOT), ∼33.7 Ma ago. From previously published circulation models and proxies, we show that the first Δδ18O jump reflects the thermal isolation of Antarctica associated with the proto‐Antarctic circumpolar current (ACC). The second marks the onset of interhemispheric northern‐sourced circulation cell, similar to the modern Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The onset of AMOC‐like circulation slightly preceded (100–300 kyr) the EOT, as we show by the high‐resolution profiles of δ18O and δ13C previously published from DSDP/ODP sites in the Southern Ocean and South Atlantic. These events coincide with the onset of antiestuarine circulation between the Nordic seas and the North Atlantic which started around the EOT and may be connected to the deepening of the Greenland‐Scotland Ridge. We suggest that while the shallow proto‐ACC supplied the energy for deep ocean convection in the Southern Hemisphere, the onset of the interhemispheric northern circulation cell was due to the significant EOT intensification of deepwater formation in the North Atlantic driven by the Nordic antiestuarine circulation. This onset of the interhemispheric northern‐sourced circulation cell could have prompted the EOT global cooling.
Bed failure induced by internal solitary waves
Authors: Rivera‐Rosario Gustavo A. , Diamessis Peter J. , Jenkins James T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe pressure field inside a porous bed induced by the passage of an Internal Solitary Wave (ISW) of depression is examined using high‐accuracy numerical simulations. The velocity and density fields are obtained by solving the Dubreil‐Jacotin‐Long Equation, for a two‐layer, continuously stratified water column. The total wave‐induced pressure across the surface of the bed is computed by vertically integrating for the hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic contributions. The bed is assumed to be a continuum composed of either sand or silt, with a small amount of trapped gas. Results show variations in pore‐water pressure penetrating deeper into more conductive materials and remaining for a prolonged period after the wave has passed. In order to quantify the potential for failure, the vertical pressure gradient is compared against the buoyant weight of the bed. The pressure gradient exceeds this weight for weakly conductive materials. Failure is further enhanced by a decrease in bed saturation, consistent with studies in surface‐wave induced failure. In deeper water, the ISW‐induced pressure is stronger, causing failure only for weakly conductive materials. The pressure associated with the free‐surface displacement that accompanies ISWs is significant, when the water depth is less than 100 m, but has little influence when it is greater than 100 m, where the hydrostatic pressure due to the pycnocline displacement is much larger. Since the pore‐pressure gradient reduces the specific weight of the bed, results show that particles are easier for the flow to suspend, suggesting that pressure contributes to the powerful resuspension events observed in the field.
Regioselective Synthesis of Heteroatom‐Functionalized Cyclobutene‐triflones and Cyclobutenones
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Lázaro‐Milla Carlos 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe controlled metal‐free synthesis of a vast variety of heteroatom‐containing cyclobutene‐triflones [bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)cyclobutenes] and cyclobutenones has been developed starting from heteroatom‐substituted alkynes and a pyridinium salt (a latent Tf2C=CH2 source). This powerful methodology, involving cyclization reactions, allows for the selective preparation of oxygen‐, nitrogen‐, bromine‐, chlorine‐, iodine‐, sulfur‐, selenium‐, tellurium‐, phosphorus‐, and silicon‐functionalized cyclobutene derivatives.magnified image
Safety and tolerability of surfactant nasal irrigation
Authors: Turner Justin H. , Wu Jeffanie , Dorminy Cindy A. , Chandra Rakesh K. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundAbnormal mucus composition and bacterial biofilms are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of rhinosinusitis. Addition of a mucoactive surfactant to saline irrigation solution has been hypothesized to address these factors. We evaluated the safety and tolerability of a reformulated surfactant in a sample of normal subjects.MethodsA total of 33 volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either surfactant solution or buffered saline at baseline in a controlled crossover study design. Each subject underwent rhinoscopic exam and in‐office smell testing via the 40‐question smell identification test (SIT). Those with non‐normosmic results or active rhinitis symptoms were excluded. Subjects were instructed to irrigate twice daily with the selected solution for 1 week while keeping a daily diary. For week 2, treatment was stopped. During week 3, each group switched to the other treatment. Exam, SIT, and degree of congestion were assessed after each phase.ResultsUse of surfactant led to a marginal reduction in mean SIT score of 1.5 points, which was statistically significant (p = 0.012). A clinically meaningful reduction in SIT score, defined as ≥4 points, was observed in 18% (6/33) of subjects after surfactant vs 3% (1/33) after saline (p = 0.046). During the surfactant phase, moderate or severe congestion was reported in 29% (8/28) of subjects completing the diary. In contrast, only 6% (2/32) of subjects reported moderate congestion after the saline phase (p = 0.021).ConclusionIn normal volunteers, surfactant nasal irrigation may be associated with tolerability issues due to congestion. A subset may experience reduction in olfactory acuity that appears reversible.
Safety and efficacy of a bioabsorbable fluticasone propionate–eluting sinus dressing in postoperative management of endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Adriaensen Gwijde F.J.P.M. , Lim Keng‐Hua , Fokkens Wytske J. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundPostoperative wound healing after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an important factor in procedural success. Local steroids and separation of opposing mucosa are commonly implemented to optimize healing. A bioabsorbable, fluticasone propionate (FP)‐eluting implant, SinuBand FP, was assessed for its safety and efficacy when used in patients with CRS and nasal polyps, who were indicated for ESS including bilateral anterior and posterior ethmoidectomy.MethodsA first‐in‐human, randomized, partially double‐blind, single‐tertiary‐referral‐center, controlled trial enrolling 30 patients receiving 2 of 3 treatments (1 per sinus, intrapatient control): SinuBand FP, SinuBand (without FP), or standard nasal pack (Merocel®). Primary outcome measures were local safety, ocular safety (intraocular pressure [IOP], lens opacity), and 24‐hour urine cortisol. Secondary measures (evaluated by independent review of postoperative video endoscopies) were ethmoid inflammation, polyp score, adhesion formation, and Lund‐Kennedy score. Patient‐reported outcomes of postoperative pain, nasal congestion, and nasal discharge were collected.ResultsOf 30 enrolled patients (used for safety analysis), 27 patients completed the trial. SinuBand FP showed local safety, ocular safety, and no significant change in 24‐hour urine cortisol. SinuBand FP showed a trend to do better concerning inflammation. Concerning polyp score SinuBand FP did significantly better compared to Merocel (p = 0.03). No significance compared to SinuBand without corticosteroids (p = 0.97). Adhesions were comparable across treatments. Patient reported pain was nominally lower in the SinuBand group.ConclusionSinuBand FP was well tolerated and showed evidence of efficacy. A larger study is needed to further evaluate and confirm the benefits of SinuBand FP.
Imaging Endogenous Metal Ions in Living Cells Using a DNAzyme–Catalytic Hairpin Assembly Probe
Authors: Wu Zhenkun , Fan Huanhuan , Satyavolu Nitya Sai Reddy , Wang WenJing , Lake Ryan , Jiang Jian‐Hui , Lu Yi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDNAzymes are a promising platform for metal ion detection, and a few DNAzyme‐based sensors have been reported to detect metal ions inside cells. However, these methods required an influx of metal ions to increase their concentrations for detection. To address this major issue, the design of a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) reaction to amplify the signal from photocaged Na+‐specific DNAzyme to detect endogenous Na+ inside cells is reported. Upon light activation and in the presence of Na+, the NaA43 DNAzyme cleaves its substrate strand and releases a product strand, which becomes an initiator that trigger the subsequent CHA amplification reaction. This strategy allows detection of endogenous Na+ inside cells, which has been demonstrated by both fluorescent imaging of individual cells and flow cytometry of the whole cell population. This method can be generally applied to detect other endogenous metal ions and thus contribute to deeper understanding of the role of metal ions in biological systems.
The Nature of Ion Conduction in Methylammonium Lead Iodide: A Multimethod Approach
Authors: Senocrate Alessandro , Moudrakovski Igor , Kim Gee Yeong , Yang Tae‐Youl , Gregori Giuliano , Grätzel Michael , Maier Joachim 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBy applying a multitude of experimental techniques including 1H, 14N, 207Pb NMR and 127I NMR/NQR, tracer diffusion, reaction cell and doping experiments, as well as stoichiometric variation, conductivity, and polarization experiments, iodine ions are unambiguously shown to be the mobile species in CH3NH3PbI3, with iodine vacancies shown to represent the mechanistic centers under equilibrium conditions. Pb2+ and CH3NH3+ ions do not significantly contribute to the long range transport (upper limits for their contributions are given), whereby the latter exhibit substantial local motion. The decisive electronic contribution to the mixed conductivity in the experimental window stems from electron holes. As holes can be associated with iodine orbitals, local variations of the iodine stoichiometry may be fast and enable light effects on ion transport.
Polyunsaturated C‐Glycosidic 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐pyrone Derivatives: Total Synthesis Shows that Putative Orevactaene Is Likely Identical with Epipyrone A
Authors: Preindl Johannes , Schulthoff Saskia , Wirtz Conny , Lingnau Julia , Fürstner Alois 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOrevactaene and epipyrone A were previously thought to comprise the same polyunsaturated tail but notably different C‐glycosylated 4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyrone head groups. Total synthesis now shows that the signature bicyclic framework assigned to orevactaene is a chimera; the compound is almost certainly identical with epipyrone A, whose previously unknown stereochemistry has also been established during this study. Key to success was the ready formation of the bicyclic core of putative orevactaene by a sequence of two alkyne cycloisomerization reactions using tungsten and gold catalysis. Equally important was the flexibility in the assembly process gained by the use of heterobimetallic polyunsaturated modules whose termini could be selectively and consecutively addressed in a practical one‐pot cross‐coupling sequence.
Superacids Based on Pentafluoroorthotellurate Derivatives of Aluminum
Authors: Wiesner Anja , Gries Thomas W. , Steinhauer Simon , Beckers Helmut , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe new Lewis acid Al(OTeF5)3 and its acetonitrile adduct CH3CN→Al(OTeF5)3 were obtained by a simple one‐step synthesis in batches of up to 15 g. Al(OTeF5)3 and the adduct were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy (IR, Raman) and quantum‐chemical calculations. Furthermore, five different salts of the new weakly coordinating anion [Al(OTeF5)4]− were prepared in a two‐step procedure. [Ph4P][Al(OTeF5)4], Cs[Al(OTeF5)4], [Ph3C][Al(OTeF5)4], as well as the protonated benzene derivatives [C9H13][Al(OTeF5)4] and [C6H7][Al(OTeF5)4] were characterized by low‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy. Arenium salts have rarely been characterized in the solid state and were synthesized in this work in a simplified fashion.
Localized Chemical Remodeling for Live Cell Imaging of Protein‐Specific Glycoform
Authors: Hui Jingjing , Bao Lei , Li Siqiao , Zhang Yi , Feng Yimei , Ding Lin , Ju Huangxian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLive cell imaging of protein‐specific glycoforms is important for the elucidation of glycosylation mechanisms and identification of disease states. The currently used metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) technology permits routinely global chemical remodeling (GCM) for carbohydrate site of interest, but can exert unnecessary whole‐cell scale perturbation and generate unpredictable metabolic efficiency issue. A localized chemical remodeling (LCM) strategy for efficient and reliable access to protein‐specific glycoform information is reported. The proof‐of‐concept protocol developed for MUC1‐specific terminal galactose/N‐acetylgalactosamine (Gal/GalNAc) combines affinity binding, off‐on switchable catalytic activity, and proximity catalysis to create a reactive handle for bioorthogonal labeling and imaging. Noteworthy assay features associated with LCM as compared with MOE include minimum target cell perturbation, short reaction timeframe, effectiveness as a molecular ruler, and quantitative analysis capability.
Development of a validated UPLC–MS/MS method for determination of humantenmine in rat plasma and its application in pharmacokinetics and bioavailability studies
Authors: Hu Yanxian , Chen Minghao , Wang Zhaoyu , Lan Yao , Tang Lan , Liu Menghua , Zhao Jie , Hu Ming , Zhang Lulu , Ye Ling 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHumantenmine (HMT), the most toxic compound isolated from Gelsemium elegans Benth, is a well‐known active herbal compound. A rapid and sensitive ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated to estimate the absolute oral bioavailability of HMT in rats. Quantification was performed by multiple reaction monitoring using electrospray ionization operated in positive ion mode with transitions of m/z 327.14 → m/z 296.19 for HMT and m/z 323.20 → m/z 236.23 for gelsemine (internal standard, IS). The linear range of the calibration curve was 1–256 nmol/L, with a lower limit of quantification at 1 nmol/L. The accuracy of HMT ranged from 89.39 to 107.5%, and the precision was within 12.24% (RSD). Excellent recovery and negligible matrix effect were observed. HMT remained stable during storage, preparation and analytical procedures. The pharmacokinetics of HMT in rats showed that HMT reached the concentration peak at 12.50 ± 2.74 min with a peak concentration of 28.49 ± 6.65 nmol/L, and the corresponding area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0–t) was 1142.42 ± 202.92 nmol/L min after 200 μg/kg HMT was orally administered to rats. The AUC0–t of HMT given at 20 μg/kg by tail vein administration was 1518.46 ± 192.24 nmol/L min. The calculated absolute bioavailability of HMT was 7.66%.
Fast ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometry method for determination of tadalafil drug substance and its impurities
Authors: Schreiber Ludovit , Halko Radoslav , Hutta Milan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTadalafil is used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Its related patents expired in 2016, and so related generic drug production is predicted to be increased. This work is focused on developing a fast ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and/or mass spectrometry detection for the separation and determination of tadalafil and its impurities in pharmaceutical samples. A modern reversed‐phase stationary phase with sub‐2 μm particle size, Zorbax StableBond Rapid Resolution High Definition with octylsilane chemically bonded phase to totally porous silica particles, was used for the solving this problem. Column temperature was set at 40 ± 0.1°C. A mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and aqueous solution of 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid for diode array detection detection and 0.05% (v/v) formic acid, both running at a flow rate of 0.62 mL/min, were used to achieve the required separation of all components within a 5 min run. The limit of detection was 3.5 μg/L and the limit of quantification was 10.0 μg/L for the method for both UV and MS detectors. Accurate mass spectra of tadalafil's related impurities are shown for advanced confirmation. The method is directly transferable to routine analysis of tadalafil in pharmaceutical and control laboratories.