bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of Emergency Department Screening Criteria for an Early ECG to Identify ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yiadom Maame Yaa A. B. , Baugh Christopher W. , McWade Conor M. , Liu Xulei , Song Kyoung Jun , Patterson Brian W. , Jenkins Cathy A. , Tanski Mary , Mills Angela M. , Salazar Gilberto , Wang Thomas J. , Dittus Robert S. , Liu Dandan , Storrow Alan B. 
Published: February 2017

Background

Timely diagnosis of
ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI
) in the emergency department (
ED
) is made solely by
ECG
. Obtaining this test within 10 minutes of
ED
arrival is critical to achieving the best outcomes. We investigated variability in the timely identification of
STEMI
across institutions and whether performance variation was associated with the
ED
characteristics, the comprehensiveness of screening criteria, and the
STEMI
screening processes.

Methods and Results

We examined
STEMI
screening performance in 7
ED
s, with the missed case rate (
MCR
) as our primary end point. The
MCR
is the proportion of primarily screened
ED
patients diagnosed with
STEMI
who did not receive an
ECG
within 15 minutes of
ED
arrival.
STEMI
was defined by hospital discharge diagnosis. Relationships between the
MCR
and
ED
characteristics, screening criteria, and
STEMI
screening processes were assessed, along with differences in door‐to‐
ECG
times for captured versus missed patients. The overall
MCR
for all 7
ED
s was 12.8%. The lowest and highest
MCR
s were 3.4% and 32.6%, respectively. The mean difference in door‐to‐
ECG
times for captured and missed patients was 31 minutes, with a range of 14 to 80 minutes of additional myocardial ischemia time for missed cases. The prevalence of primarily screened
ED STEMI
s was 0.09%.
ED
s with the greatest
informedness
(sensitivity+specificity−1) demonstrated superior performance across all other screening measures.

Conclusions

The 29.2% difference in
MCRs
between the highest and lowest performing
ED
s demonstrates room for improving timely
STEMI
identification among primarily screened
ED
patients. The
MCR
and informedness can be used to compare screening across
ED
s and to understand variable performance.
Otto Neurath's Visual Politics: An Introduction to “Pictorial
Statistics Following the Vienna Method”
Authors: Hartle Johan Frederik 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This text introduces a programmatic text of Otto Neurath on the educational use of the method of pictorial statistics. Neurath emphasizes the importance of a visual method to transfer scientific knowledge to popular audiences. At the same time, his Vienna Method attempts to adapt the popular educational strategy to an increasingly visual modernity. The specific educational interest of Neurath's Vienna Method consists in political education, in transferring basic knowledge about the general structure and dominant developments of society. His program thus echoes his contemporaries’ debates on the possibilities of social realism. To understand the historical significance of Neurath the introductory text accentuates three lines of possible discussion. It points out the importance of Neurath's visual pedagogy for the tradition of contemporary discussions around the so-called Bildwissenschaften. It also contextualizes Neurath's visual pedagogy in the Austrian tradition of Second International Social Democracy and in the context of the philosophical debates of the Vienna circle. Against this double historical background, the text eventually tries to understand the educational achievements and political pitfalls of Neurath's attempt to represent general societal developments visually.
Gurdjieff in the Theater
Authors: Christof Catharine 
Published: February 2017

This article focuses on the links between revolutionary and iconoclastic Polish theater director Jerzy Grotowski (1933–1999), and G. I. Gurdjieff. Grotowski is widely honored in the theater world, and understood to have been involved in creating what have been called spiritual experiences within theater movements of the late twentieth century. His work articulated experiences of the spiritual within the body; achieving a removal of spirituality from ecclesial authorities and a relocation of it within the body of the performer. This article explores the manifold resonances between concepts used in Grotowski’s work and that of Gurdjieff, demonstrating how Grotowski’s transformative theater work shows strong elements of Gurdjieff’s influence. Because of the striking and numerous similarities explored herein, a place can be affirmed for Grotowski as an independent Western Fourth Way spiritual teacher, working in theater.
Associations Among Work-Related and Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Level of Nausea During Pregnancy
Authors: Connolly Christopher P. , Mudd Lanay M. , Pivarnik James M. 
Published: February 2017

Objective: Pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting are common maladies during early pregnancy and may be related to physical activity (PA). Our objective was to determine relations among work-related PA (work PA), leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and nausea during the first trimester. Study design: Online or mailed surveys with questions on pregnancy-related nausea, work PA, and LTPA were completed by 70 women at 15 to 30 months postpartum. Women recalled nausea during the first trimester (none, ≤1 h/d, 2-3 h/d, 4-6 h/d, ≥6 h/d) as well as LTPA frequency, duration, and type. Women also recalled total working hours in their first trimester and percentage of time sitting, standing, and walking at work. Results: A total of 42 women (60%) were categorized as having high nausea (≥2 h/d). Mann-Whitney U tests showed that women with low nausea had significantly more MET minutes per week of LTPA (P = .05) and hours per week spent standing at work (P = .03). Logistic regression analyses showed standing for ≥20 h/wk at work was related to reduced odds of high nausea (adjusted odds ratio = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.06-0.96), whereas meeting LTPA guidelines was nonsignificantly related to reduced odds. Conclusion: These findings suggest an inverse relationship between first trimester PA and level of nausea. Further investigation is needed to determine the directionality of these relations.
No benefits of hypothermia in patients treated with hemicraniectomy for large ischemic stroke
Authors: Schneider Hauke , Krüger Philipp , Algra Ale , Hofmeijer Jeannette , van der Worp H Bart , Jüttler Eric , Vahedi Katayoun , Schackert Gabriele , Reichmann Heinz , Puetz Volker 
Published: February 2017

Background Space-occupying middle cerebral artery brain infarcts are associated with the development of brain edema, which may lead to cerebral herniation and death despite early hemicraniectomy. Aims To evaluate the benefit of therapeutic hypothermia in patients with space-occupying cerebral infarction treated with hemicraniectomy within 48 h of stroke onset. Methods Patients aged 18–60 years with space-occupying cerebral infarction treated with hemicraniectomy within 48 h and hypothermia (33–34°C) were selected from a single university hospital between 2001 and 2010 (n = 53). Patients treated with hemicraniectomy alone served as comparison group (n = 58), originating from three randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of early decompressive surgery (DECIMAL, DESTINY, HAMLET). Primary outcome was the score on the modified Rankin scale at 12 months dichotomized between modified Rankin scale 0–3 and modified Rankin scale 4–6. Secondary outcome measures were modified Rankin scale score 0–4 and survival. Risk ratios were adjusted with Poisson regression. Results Mean patient age was 48 years. Median time from stroke onset to hemicraniectomy was 23.5 h in both treatment groups. Treatment with hypothermia had no effect on the primary outcome (modified Rankin scale 0–3 versus 4–6 (13/53 (25%) versus 24/58 (41%)); adjusted risk ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.38–1.13). Fewer patients treated with hypothermia had a modified Rankin scale score of 0–4 (21/53 (40%) versus 42/58 (72%); adjusted risk ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.37–0.76) and fewer patients survived (26/53 (49%) versus 46/58 (79%); adjusted risk ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.44–0.82). Conclusions In patients with space-occupying cerebral infarction, treatment with hypothermia had no additional benefit on functional outcome compared with treatment with hemicraniectomy alone.
Diagnostic accuracy of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and perfusion-weighted imaging in brain gliomas follow-up: a single institutional experience
Authors: Anselmi Monica , Catalucci Alessia , Felli Valentina , Vellucci Valentina , Di Sibio Alessandra , Gravina Giovanni Luca , Di Staso Mario , Di Cesare Ernesto , Masciocchi Carlo 
Published: February 2017

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate whether proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are able to increase diagnostic accuracy in the follow-up of brain gliomas, identifying the progression of disease before it becomes evident in the standard MRI; also to evaluate which of the two techniques has the best diagnostic accuracy. Methods Eighty-three patients with cerebral glioma (50 high-grade gliomas (HGGs), 33 low-grade gliomas (LGGs)) were retrospectively enrolled. All patients underwent standard MRI, H spectroscopic and perfusion echo-planar imaging MRI. For spectroscopy variations of choline/creatine, choline/N-acetyl-aspartate ratio, and lipids and lactates peak were considered. For perfusion 2.0 was considered the cerebral blood volume cut-off for progression. The combination of functional parameters gave a multiparametric score (0–2) to predict outcome. Diagnostic performance was determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values. Results In patients with LGGs a combined score of at least 1 was the best predictor for progression (odds ratio (OR) 3.91) with 8.4 months median anticipation of diagnosis compared to standard MRI. The individual advanced magnetic resonance technique did not show a diagnostic accuracy comparable to the combination of the two. Overall diagnostic accuracy area under the curve (AUC) was 0.881. In patients with HGGs the multiparametric score did not improve diagnostic accuracy significantly. Perfusion MRI was the best predictor of progression (OR 3.65), with 6.7 months median anticipation of diagnosis. Overall diagnostic accuracy AUC was 0.897. Then spectroscopy and perfusion MRI are able to identify tumour progression during follow-up earlier than standard MRI. Conclusion In patients with LGGs the combination of the functional parameters seems to be the best method for diagnosis of progression. In patients with HGGs perfusion is the best diagnostic method.
Comparative study on treatment satisfaction and health perception in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus on multiple daily injection of insulin, insulin pump and sensor-augmented pump therapy
Authors: Hussain Tara , Akle Mariette , Nagelkerke Nico , Deeb Asma 
Published: February 2017

Objectives: Diabetes management imposes considerable demands on patients. Treatment method used has an impact on treatment satisfaction. We aim to examine the relationship between treatment satisfaction and health perception with the method used for treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Subjects and method: We have interviewed patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using questionnaires to assess treatment satisfaction and health perception. Patients were divided into three groups based on treatment used: multiple daily injection, insulin pump and sensor-augmented pump therapy. Comparison of scores was done between the groups. Results: A total of 72 patients were enrolled (36 males). Mean age (standard deviation) was 11.4 (4.4) years and duration of diabetes of 4.9 (3.5) years. Mean (standard deviation) HbA1c was 8.1 (1.2). Median (range) duration of sensor use was 17.7 (3–30) days/month. Mean scale for treatment satisfaction and health perception questions was 25.3, 29.7 and 31.7 and 60, 79.7 and 81 for the multiple daily injection, pump and sensor-augmented pump, respectively (p = 0.00). Significant difference was seen between the multiple daily injection and both other groups. Sensor-augmented pump group scored higher than the pump group. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Duration of sensor use showed no correlation with treatment satisfaction. Conclusion: The method used for diabetes treatment has an impact on patients’ satisfaction and health perception in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Insulin pump users have a higher treatment satisfaction and better health perception than those on multiple daily injection. Augmenting pump therapy with sensor use adds value to treatment satisfaction without correlation with the duration of the sensors use.
Creatinine Assay Attainment of Analytical Performance Goals Following Implementation of IDMS Standardization
Authors: Lee Elizabeth Sunmin , Collier Christine P. , White Christine A. 
Published: February 2017

Background: The international initiative to standardize creatinine (Cr) assays by tracing reference materials to Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS) assigned values was implemented to reduce interlaboratory variability and improve assay accuracy. Objective: The aims of this study were to examine whether IDMS standardization has improved Cr assay accuracy (bias), interlaboratory variability (precision), total error (TE), and attainment of recommended analytical performance goals. Methods: External Quality Assessment (EQA) data (n = 66 challenge vials) from Ontario, Canada, were analyzed. The bias, precision, TE, and the number of EQA challenge vials meeting performance goals were determined by assay manufacturer before (n = 32) and after (n = 34) IDMS implementation. Results: The challenge vials with the worst bias and precision were spiked with known common interfering substances (glucose and bilirubin). IDMS standardization improved assay bias (10.4%-1.6%, P < .001), but precision remained unchanged (5.0%-4.7%, P = .5) with performance goals not consistently being met. Precision and TE goals based on biologic variation were attained by only 29% to 69% and 32% to 62% of challenge vials. Conclusions: While IDMS standardization has improved Cr assay accuracy and thus reduced TE, significant interlaboratory variability remains. Contemporary Cr assays do not currently meet the standards required to allow for accurate and consistent estimated glomerular filtration rate assessment and chronic kidney disease diagnosis across laboratories. Further improvements in Cr assay performance are needed.
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for spontaneous osteonecrosis
Authors: Ma Tong , Tu Yihui , Xue Huaming , Wen Tao , Mei Jiong 
Published: February 2017

Background: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an effective treatment option for medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Whether spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SPONK) can be successfully treated with UKA remains controversial. This study evaluated the clinical and radiological results of patients with SPONK who were treated by UKA using Oxford phase III prostheses. Methods: We compared a prospective series of 23 UKA cases operated for SPONK with 235 UKA cases operated for OA. All patients underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to confirm the diagnosis and exclude any major lesion in the lateral compartment. The stage, condylar ratio, and volume of the necrotic lesion were evaluated. The pre and postoperative Oxford knee scores (OKSs) were compared. Results: The mean follow-up was 60 months. No statistical differences in complication rates between the groups were found. The mean OKS improved from 39.48 ± 5.69 to 18.83 ± 3.82 ( p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the pre and postoperative OKS between the different groups. Conclusion: SPONK can be successfully treated with UKA, with a favorable short- to mid-term follow-up.
Irom Sharmila’s Struggle against Military Repression: A Critique
Authors: Haksar Nandita 
Published: February 2017

This article argues that although Irom Sharmila’s 16-year-old fast from November 2000 to August 2016 has earned her the status of an icon of non-violent protest, yet she did not seek these appellations; her only aim was to put moral pressure on the government to repeal the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958. The article seeks to assess the efficacy of Irom Sharmila’s protest and how far it has helped or hindered in mobilizing public opinion against the Act. It propounds that the publicity around Irom Sharmila put her on a pedestal and trapped her in her own image, made invisible entire histories of sufferings of people in the northeast, including Manipur, and their struggles against the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act. The gains of many struggles and efforts were wiped out of the collective memory of the nation and the only image of Manipur was this frail woman with a tube hanging from her nose. The article also argues that there is a kind of fetish in the way the media celebrates non-violence without reference to the political context.
Acquired mutations associated with ibrutinib resistance in Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Xu Lian , Tsakmaklis Nicholas , Yang Guang , Chen Jiaji G. , Liu Xia , Demos Maria , Kofides Amanda , Patterson Christopher J. , Meid Kirsten , Gustine Joshua , Dubeau Toni , Palomba M. Lia , Advani Ranjana , Castillo Jorge J. , Furman Richard R. , Hunter Zachary R. , Treon Steven P. 
Published: February 2017

Key Points
BTKCys481 mutations, including multiple mutated variants within individual patients are common in ibrutinib-progressing WM patients. BTKCys481 mutations were associated with mutated CXCR4 in WM patients progressing on ibrutinib.
Characterizing the O-glycosylation landscape of human plasma, platelets, and endothelial cells
Authors: King Sarah L. , Joshi Hiren J. , Schjoldager Katrine T. , Halim Adnan , Madsen Thomas D. , Dziegiel Morten H. , Woetmann Anders , Vakhrushev Sergey Y. , Wandall Hans H. 
Published: February 2017

Key PointsHuman platelets, endothelial cells, and plasma proteins are extensively O-glycosylated, with >1123 O-glycosites identified in this study. O-glycosites can be classified into functional subgroups; one important function includes the protection from proteolytic processing.
Volatolomics of breath as an emerging frontier in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Nakhleh Morad K. , Haick Hossam , Humbert Marc , Cohen-Kaminsky Sylvia 
Published: February 2017

There is accumulating evidence in support of the significant improvement in survival rates and clinical outcomes when pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is diagnosed at early stages. Nevertheless, it remains a major clinical challenge and the outcomes are dependent on invasive right heart catheterisation.Resulting from pathophysiological processes and detectable in exhaled breath, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been proposed as noninvasive biomarkers for PAH. Studies have confirmed significant alterations of the exhaled VOCs among PAH patients when compared to controls and/or patients with other respiratory diseases. This suggests exhaled breath analysis as a potential noninvasive medical application in the field of PAH.In this article, we review and discuss the progress made so far in the field of exhaled volatolomics (the omics of VOCs) as a potential noninvasive diagnostics of PAH. In addition, we propose a model including possible biochemical pathways on the level of the remodelled artery, in which specific VOCs could be detectable in exhaled breath during the early phases of PAH. We debate the different analytical approaches used and recommend a diagram including a “bottom–top” strategy, from basic to translational studies, required for promoting the field.
Different dynamics of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production in GM-CSF– and M-CSF–differentiated human macrophages
Authors: Budai Marietta Margit , Tőzsér József , Benkő Szilvia 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
IL-1β is a “master” cytokine regulating a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic processes. The most frequently studied models for NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production are the macrophages; however, depending on their microenvironment, they can develop into functionally different cells. Several protocols have been developed to model the diversity of these cells in vitro. Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. Our results show that IL-1β production by LPS-stimulated M-macrophages is a rapid and short event that requires ATP supplementation and is attenuated, in part, by the presence of IL-10, which reduces Akt signaling. However, IL-1β production by GM-macrophages develops gradually, and these cells produce IL-1β, even in the absence of ATP supplementation, because of the constitutively active caspase-1 enzyme. We show that the membrane-bound ectonucleotidases have an important regulatory role on the IL-1β secretion in GM-macrophages. Furthermore, we provide evidence that adenosine treatment enhances LPS-primed IL-1β secretion by GM-macrophages, but not by M-macrophages. These results show that, because of the different activation status and expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, as well as the signaling activity of the pathways, the two subtypes of macrophages respond very differently to the same stimuli. For this reason, the molecular composition of the microenvironment that shapes macrophage development should be considered when research or therapeutic methods are planned to control IL-1β production.
Concurrent radiation therapy and chemotherapy followed by esophagectomy for localized esophageal carcinoma.
Authors: Bates B A , Detterbeck F C , Bernard S A , Qaqish B F , Tepper J E 
Published: February 2017

PURPOSE A prospective study was performed to determine the outcome of patients with esophageal cancer who received preoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy followed by esophagectomy, and to determine the role of preresection esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in predicting the patients in whom surgery could possibly be omitted, and the impact of surgery on survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five patients with localized carcinoma of the esophagus received concurrent external-beam radiotherapy and chemotherapy followed by esophagectomy. Patients received 45 Gy in 25 fractions. Chemotherapy consisted of continuous infusion fluorouracil (5-FU; 1,000 mg/m2/d) on days 1 through 4 and 29 through 32 and cisplatin (100 mg/m2) on day 1. Patients underwent an Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy 18 to 33 days after completion of radiotherapy. RESULTS Eighty percent of the patients had squamous cell carcinoma and 20% had adenocarcinoma. In addition, 51% had a pathologic complete response (CR). Twenty-two of the 35 underwent a preresection EGD before resection. Seventeen of the 22 (77%) had negative pathology from the preresection EGD, but seven of the 17 (41%) had residual tumor at surgery. The median survival and disease-free survival rates for all patients were 25.8 months and 32.8 months, respectively. Eighteen patients (51%) had no tumor at resection. The median survival for these patients was 36.8 months; the median disease-free survival time has not been reached. The median survival and disease-free survival rate for the patients with residual tumor in the surgical specimen were 12.9 months and 10.8 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Preresection EGD is not reliable for determining the presence of residual disease or the patients in whom surgery could be omitted. Twenty-five percent of the patients with residual tumor in the resected surgical specimen were long-term survivors; this suggests a benefit from esophagectomy after concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy.