bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALMA Deep Field in SSA22: Source Catalog and Number Counts
Authors: Umehata Hideki , Tamura Yoichi , Kohno Kotaro , Ivison R. J. , Smail Ian , Hatsukade Bunyo , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Kato Yuta , Ikarashi Soh , Matsuda Yuichi , Fujimoto Seiji , Iono Daisuke , Lee Minju , Steidel Charles C. , Saito Tomoki , Alexander D. M. , Yun Min S. , Kubo Mariko 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We present results from a deep 2′ × 3′ (comoving scale of 3.7 Mpc × 5.5 Mpc at z = 3) survey at 1.1 mm, taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in the SSA22 field. We observe the core region of a z = 3.09 protocluster, achieving a typical rms sensitivity of 60 μJy beam−1 at a spatial resolution of 0.″7. We detect 18 robust ALMA sources at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) > 5. Comparison between the ALMA map and a 1.1 mm map, taken with the AzTEC camera on the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE), indicates that three submillimeter sources discovered by the AzTEC/ASTE survey are resolved into eight individual submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) by ALMA. At least 10 of our 18 ALMA SMGs have spectroscopic redshifts of z ≃ 3.09, placing them in the protocluster. This shows that a number of dusty starburst galaxies are forming simultaneously in the core of the protocluster. The nine brightest ALMA SMGs with S/N > 10 have a median intrinsic angular size of

(

physical kpc at z = 3.09), which is consistent with previous size measurements of SMGs in other fields. As expected, the source counts show a possible excess compared to the counts in the general fields at S
1.1mm ≥ 1.0 mJy, due to the protocluster. Our contiguous mm mapping highlights the importance of large-scale structures on the formation of dusty starburst galaxies.
Swift Detection of a 65 Day X-Ray Period from the Ultraluminous Pulsar NGC 7793 P13
Authors: Hu Chin-Ping , Li K. L. , Kong Albert K. H. , Ng C.-Y. , Lin Lupin Chun-Che 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
NGC 7793 P13 is an ultraluminous X-ray source harboring an accreting pulsar. We report on the detection of a ∼65 day period X-ray modulation with Swift observations in this system. The modulation period found in the X-ray band is P = 65.05 ± 0.10 days and the profile is asymmetric with a fast rise and a slower decay. On the other hand, the u-band light curve collected by Swift UVOT confirmed an optical modulation with a period of P = 64.24 ± 0.13 days. We explored the phase evolution of the X-ray and optical periodicities and propose two solutions. A superorbital modulation with a period of ∼2700–4700 days probably caused by the precession of a warped accretion disk is necessary to interpret the phase drift of the optical data. We further discuss the implication if this ∼65 day periodicity is caused by the superorbital modulation. Estimated from the relationship between the spin-orbital and orbital-superorbital periods of known disk-fed high-mass X-ray binaries, the orbital period of P13 is roughly estimated as 3–7 days. In this case, an unknown mechanism with a much longer timescale is needed to interpret the phase drift. Further studies on the stability of these two periodicities with a long-term monitoring could help us to probe their physical origins.
Preclinical Characterization of the Novel HCV NS3 Protease Inhibitor GS-9256
Authors: Yang Huiling , Yang Chris , Wang Yujin , Rhodes Gerry , Robinson Margaret , Cheng Guofeng , Qi Xiaoping , Mo Hongmei , Tian Yang , Pakdaman Rowchanak , Sheng X Christopher , Kim Choung U , Delaney William E 
Published: January 2017

Background GS-9256 is an inhibitor of HCV NS3 protease with a macrocyclic structure and novel phosphinic acid pharmacophore. Methods Key preclinical properties of GS-9256 including in vitro antiviral activity, cross-resistance and pharmacokinetic properties were investigated in non-human species. Results In genotype (GT) 1b Huh-luc cells with a replicon encoding luciferase, GS-9256 had a mean 50% effective concentration (EC50) value of 20.0 nM, with minimal cytotoxicity. Antiviral activity was similar in a number of additional GT1b and GT1a replicon cell lines. Similar potency was observed in chimeric replicons encoding the NS3 protease of GT1 clinical isolates. GS-9256 was less active in GT2a replicon cells (14.2-fold increase in EC50). Additive to synergistic in vitro antiviral activity was observed when GS-9256 was combined with other agents including interferon-α, ribavirin, NS5B polymerase inhibitors GS-6620 and tegobuvir, as well as the NS5A inhibitor ledipasvir. GS-9256 retained wild-type activity against all tested NS5B and NS5A inhibitor resistance mutations. GS-9256 was metabolically stable in microsomes and hepatocytes of tested species, including rodents, dogs and humans. GS-9256 had high bioavailability in mice (near 100%) and moderate bioavailability in rats (14%), dogs (21%) and monkeys (14%). Elimination half-lives were approximately 2 h in mice, 0.6 h in rats, 5 h in dogs and 4 h in monkey. A study in bile duct-cannulated rats indicated that the major route of elimination is through biliary excretion of unmetabolized GS-9256. Conclusions GS-9256 showed a favourable preclinical profile supportive of clinical development for the treatment of chronic HCV infection in GT1 patients.
Plaisir, maîtrise et légitimation narcissique, points cardinaux de la perversion
Authors: Bolognini Stefano , Dujarry Corinne 
Published: January 2017

Au-delà du concept de perversion entendu comme une forme strictement sexuelle au sens concret, on préfère aujourd’hui en étendre le sens à l’aire relationnelle interne et externe tout entière, une aire qui maintient une continuité de sens et de fonction (« perversion relationnelle ») avec la sexualité. Sont ici présentés les concepts de maîtrise/savoir-faire, fonction légitimante, prestige secret et de surexcitation érotisante, dans un cadre socioculturel ainsi que dans une séquence clinique.
Trauma et souffrance psychique des premières expériences de vie
Authors: Cancrini Tonia , Adam Elena 
Published: January 2017

Ce travail se confronte au problème du trauma et de la douleur, et se focalise en particulier sur les traumas vécus au cours de l’enfance en examinant les premiers rapports de l’enfant et de sa mère, et en soulignant leur importance pour le développement affectif et mental de l’enfant. C’est la présence de parents et d’adultes fiables qui permet aux enfants de se développer harmonieusement. Lors de ces expériences traumatiques, l’auteur souligne l’importance de la mémoire, de la remémoration des vécus occultés et lointains. Deux cas cliniques sont présentés : un garçon dont la mère a subi un très grave trauma durant sa grossesse et une fillette adoptée au passé tragique, qui mettent en lumière la fonction fondamentale de la psychanalyse lors de sa confrontation au vécu du trauma.
Freud et le vin
Authors: Kamieniak Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2017

Si tous les auteurs s’accordent à reconnaître que la problématique alcoolique est quantité négligeable dans l’œuvre du savant viennois, une investigation de la nature du lien que l’homme Freud a pu entretenir avec le vin met en évidence, à notre grande surprise, que l’usage et le recours à ce dernier ont rendu possibles les découvertes intimes qui président aux fondements de la science nouvelle. Dès lors, sous l’effet du refoulement, l’appétence du gourmet fera place à l’intolérance, conformément à ce « renversement d’affect » dont il fut le découvreur.
Réflexions sur la notion de nature à l’âge classique
Authors: Cléro Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2017

Les mathématiques jouent un double rôle dans la physique moderne. Elles permettent de construire les phénomènes en les organisant selon des lois, lesquelles sortent de leur domaine juridique pour prétendre devenir celles du système de la nature. L’effet de sidération de la coïncidence des mathématiques avec les phénomènes atteint son apothéose avec Newton, à la gloire du théisme ; mais il fut de courte durée. On découvre alors un second rôle, sceptique, des mathématiques, qui vient rigoureusement saper la certitude que l’on s’apprêtait à donner aux lois, en la fractionnant et en lui assignant des degrés. La nature devient alors ce que le mathématicien conjecture, avec des chances d’avoir raison ou d’avoir tort, et ce qu’il se donne le droit de conjecturer de l’organisation des phénomènes. La conception théiste se dissout dans les chances qu’il s’agit de déterminer et qui ne s’appliquent plus que de façon réflexive aux phénomènes.
Le silence de la musique dans The Wanderer de Frances Burney
Authors: Dubois Pierre 
Published: January 2017

Les héroïnes de Frances Burney se réfugient souvent dans un silence volontaire qui contribue à une définition de leur féminité : souvent contrainte de se taire dans la société d’alors, la femme s’arroge dialectiquement le pouvoir du silence pour contester la violence (masculine) de la société. Dans The Wanderer (1814), dernier roman de Burney, l’héroïne Juliet, femme errante et musicienne exceptionnelle, érige son silence en une esthétique et sa musique apparaît comme une modalité possible du silence. Par son silence verbal comme par sa musique, Juliet établit un espace pour se retrouver en elle-même. Son silence musicalisé la protège et la refonde. Dans ce long roman bavard et prolixe, « faire silence » permet d’activer un principe esthétique de contraste, de rupture et d’écart.
SADC Mediation in Zimbabwe's Global Political Agreement (GPA): A Reflection on Opportunities and Complexities
Authors: Sibanda Modeni M. 
Published: January 2017

This article analyses the opportunities and complexities of the SADC mediation in Zimbabwe’s Global Political Agreement (GPA) in facilitating and operationalising theprinciples and values of peace, security, human rights and democracy as set out in Article 4 of the SADC treaty. It attempts to interrogate the extent to which the regional grouping’s mechanisms for enforcing its principles and values have been successful. The article argues that despite SADC’s noble commitment to promoting the development of democratic institutions and practices, as well as encouraging the observance of universal human rights, peace and security, the resolution of the Zimbabwe crisis shows that, in practice, the operationalisation of SADC protocol principles and values have been a sorry saga of delays, secrecy, purported agreements and nothing concrete coming out of it. Using the Zimbabwe case study, this article further argues that SADC either lacks appropriate power and authority or is reluctant to hold member states accountable. This seems so, given that as a regional body, it has allowed itself to be utterly inadequate to the task envisioned by the organ in resolving the Zimbabwe crisis. The paper concludes that the sum of all this has had the effect of exposing SADC and it being perceived as a weak regional organisation.
Monitoring and Evaluating Government Performance in Botswana
Authors: Botlhale E. K. 
Published: January 2017

In an era characterised by fiscal stress in the post-global recession era, clichés such as ‘bang for the buck’ are commonplace. Governments are under increasing pressure to spend limited public resources in efficient and effective ways. Efficient and effective governments are a necessary, though not sufficient, condition for economic development. Hence, governments have adopted performance-improving interventions such as New Public Management. Botswana jumped into the bandwagon of public sector reforms in the 1990s through interventions such as Performance-based Management Systems. The focus was almost entirely on performance enhancement to the neglect of performance measurement through a result-based Monitoring and Evaluation (M&amp;E) framework. However, in 2009, the government decided to mainstream M&amp;E into the development planning regime. Since the M&amp;E tool is still in draft form, Botswana is very favourably circumstanced to learn from others. Meanwhile essentials to do are: attitudinal change, shared vision on M&amp;E, stakeholder management and demand and use of M&amp;E information by policy-makers such as Members of Parliament.
A Descriptive Analysis of the Eastern Cape School Indicators
Authors: Ncanywa T. 
Published: January 2017

This paper seeks to analyse the trends of education indicators that affect efficiency at schools in the Eastern Cape in the period 2009 to 2013. The focus is on the state of public ordinary schools which include primary and secondary schools from grade one to grade twelve. The province is regarded as a poor province as it constituted 95% of quintile one to three schools which are declared as ‘no fee schools’. There had been decline in learner performance as learners’ progress to higher grades and a drastic decline in important subjects such as Mathematics. province had a significant number of educators with 16 years’ experience and an average of 45% under-qualified educators in 2013. There were variations in educator learner ratios per district with larger ratios found in the former Transkei. The province progressed well in learner transport, learner teacher support material and school nutrition programmes. There was no virtual change in infrastructural developments. Education in schools should be provided in a manner that ensures learners can realise their potential and aspirations, in schools that facilitate learning and reduce societal disparities.
A Global Overview of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) and its Meaning in the Local Government Context of South Africa
Authors: Masuku Ngengelezi W.K. , Ijeoma E. O.C. 
Published: January 2017

The article explores the global overview of M&amp;E from the ancient governance perspective that has been ignored by the modern government in the African contest. African M&amp;E approach is required in the local rural municipalities due to its complex and diverse set of problems. These problems are as a result of leadership dichotomy which is witnessed between Amakhosi and municipal authorities. Amakhosi have a role to hold municipal authorities accountable from a Citizen-Based Approach. The underlying philosophy of the article is not about the discourse of the modernists and traditionalists around the evolution of M&amp;E, but is how and in what ways M&amp;E should be designed and planned for the implementation of a successful relevant M&amp;E approach for local rural municipalities. The article made use of secondary data, gathered from various sources. Case studies of the international countries were also sourced through desktop to ascertain their best practice on M&amp;E. The article concludes that the lack of M&amp;E approach for the local government in the rural municipalities requires the Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PM&amp;E) approach to allow stakeholders, including Amakhosi to assess the performance ofthe rural municipalities. The study is significant to the local and internal public scholarship of public administration since it bring approaches in M&amp;E policy in the field of public administration. For example, indigenous African knowledge is critical in knowledge management.
The Performance Evaluation System in Pakistan’s Civil Service
Authors: Tanwir Maryam , Chaudhry Azam 
Published: January 2017

While achieving economic growth anddevelopment are dependent on the performance of the bureaucracy, there is a growing inability in Pakistan to objectivelyevaluate this performance. In this article, we examine performance evaluations systems that can be applied to developingcountry bureaucracies and find that the best system in the Pakistani context is the SMART performance evaluation system. We then analyze the present Pakistani system and compare it to an example of a SMART system and find that the disconnect between the actual performance of the civil service and the measurement of this performance by the performance evaluation report (PER) in Pakistan, has discouraged optimal performance. The article also looks at the perceptions of senior civil servants themselves on what they perceive as the shortcomings of the performance evaluation management system in Pakistan as well as their opinions on a potential SMART performance evaluations system. The article recommends an immediate re-evaluation of the present performance management where the re-evaluation initiatives must be tempered with the realization that the present system has been established not to optimize bureaucratic performance but rather to sustain the present system of patronage and power.
Re-inventing Nigeria's Public Sector: A Review of National Agency for Food, Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC)
Authors: Igbokwe-Ibeto Chinyeaka Justine 
Published: January 2017

Public Over the years, the efficiency and effectiveness of Nigeria’s public sector has been a subject of debate. However, in recent time, the organizational performance and service delivery of National Agency for Food, Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) have been a success story. Within the framework of New Public Management (NPM) theory, the study investigates the secrete behind the degree of success achieved by NAFDAC with the aim of recommending such to other public sector organizations in Nigeria which has over the year’s demonstrated lack of zeal for service delivery. The study relied heavily on primary and secondary data. Yamani’s formula for sample size determination was used to select a sample of 133 employees from NAFDAC Lagos office out of a total of 200. Weighted mean and chi-square statistical tools was used to determine the independence or otherwise of the variables under investigation. It is the position of the study that NPM has enhanced NAFDAC’s performance and service delivery. It concludes that since the traditional public administration theories has failed to deliver the much needed public goods and services, it is therefore imperative to reinvent Nigeria’s public sector in line with (NPM) international best practices so as to reposition the Nigerian public sector for the challenges of a modern and rapidly changing world. However, while change is desirable, we feel there is need to exercise caution on account of the peculiar nature and character of the Nigerian state and society. Reinventing the country’s public sector should progress slowly and wisely.
Local Governance Service Delivery Issues during Apartheid and Post-apartheid South Africa
Authors: Sithole S. L. , Mathonsi Ntsako S. 
Published: January 2017

The debate on service delivery and governance takes a centre stage across disciplines, schools of thought, countries, and in all platforms where people are able to raise their views othe two subjects. According to scholars and analysts, service delivery and <br />governance are closely related, and in many forms of government, service delivery occurs at the lower sphere which is the sphere closer to communities. TheSouth African context can serve as an exact scenario of this model. This makes local government to be a very important subject on matters of service delivery. South Africa has an interesting history that makes scholars, analysts, commentaries, and media companies worldwide to always keep a close eye on what happens in the country. This becomes clear from the analysis which makes the country to be theorised as a colonisation of a special type. It therefore becomes inevitable to consider the antecedents that shaped the manner in which governance and service delivery were mapped out in South Africa. This paper serves as analysis of local government and service delivery both in apartheid and post-apartheid South Africa.
Assessing the Implementation of the Deregulation Policy of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) (2003 – 2012)
Authors: Okarah Anthony Chidiebere , Ndaguba Emeka Austin 
Published: January 2017

The Nigerian oil and gas sector plays avery dominant role in the nation’s economy with over 90% in 2011 and 98% in 2012 of the nation’s foreign exchange earnings (Ibanga, 2011; CBN, 2012). About 36 Billion barrels of crude oil reserve and 19.2 Billion cubic meters of natural gas is deposited in the country. This paperassesses the implementation of the deregulation policy in Nigeria (2003-2012),with a focus on the Nigerian NationalPetroleum Corporation (NNPC). The study used informed knowledge in providing analysis for the study. The study found out that the two major challenges inhibiting the implementation of the deregulation policy by NNPC are, price control, and effect of global market. The study recommended among others that, for Nigeria to realize its potential and reap the benefits of deregulating the sector, the NNPC must tailor the implementation of the policy in a manner that will take cognizance of the socioeconomic challenges facing Nigerians by recognizing and engaging community help services in communities where exploration takes place.
The Challenges Faced by Informal Traders in Greater Letaba Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Legodi Kole , Kanjere Matshidiso 
Published: January 2017

Informal trade has grown at an alarming rate in South Africa because of lack of employment opportunities in both the private and public sectors. This has resulted in many unemployed members of the population joining the informal business sector. The majority of people in this sector do not have skills that are needed in the formal employment sector, others are semi-literate and a small percentage has some level of qualification. Nevertheless, this sector is plagued by a number of challenges which this article presents. The article reports on the study that was conducted at Greater Letaba Municipality in Limpopo Province. The aim of the study was to investigate the challenges that were faced by informal traders in Greater Letaba Municipality in Limpopo Province in South Africa. The area was chosen because of its accessibility to the researchers and its potential to provide relevant and accurate information for the research project. Thus, a qualitative research method was used to collect data through face to face interviews. The research discovered that some of the challenges experienced by the informal traders in the area ranged from lack of support from the local municipality to structural challenges like lack of ablution facilities and limited access to electricity. Furthermore, other challenges concerned safety and health issues that were also gender based. Most of the traders in the area were women; an element which attest to the fact that it is difficult to find employment in the country when one is less educated and is also a woman.