bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age at menarche is related to number of previous depressive episodes in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Dunjic-Kostic B. , Pantovic Stefanovic M. , Lackovic M. , Damjanovic A. , Jovanovic A. , Totic-Poznanovic S. , Ivkovic M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionOestrogen fluctuations may be an important factor in the etiology of bipolar disorder and age at menarche is associated with the clinical course of BD. Moreover, it is associated with traits related to mood.AimsThe aim of our study was to explore the differences in age at menarche between euthymic BD patients and healthy controls, as well as to explore the relationship between age at menarche and lifetime psychopathology within BD.MethodsThe study group consisted of 83 patients diagnosed with BD, compared to the healthy control group (n = 73) and matched according to age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Lifetime psychopathology has been assessed according to predominant polarity as well as previous history of suicide attempts and psychotic episodes.ResultsAge at menarche in BD patients was similar to that in controls. After covarying for confounders, we observed that age at menarche is negatively related to number of previous depressive episodes in euthymic BD patients, but not other indicators of lifetime psychopathology.ConclusionsBD patients with earlier age at menarche are more likely to present with more depressive episodes in the course of illness. Systemic, longitudinal monitoring of the course of illness, and potential hormonal fluctuations within particular groups of patients are warranted.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Manic episode secondary to maca
Authors: Quandt P. , Puga M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMaca (Lepidium meyenii) is a plant grown in the Andes Mountains, formerly used for nutritional purposes. Nowadays is used as a nutritional supplement and energizing.ObjectivesTo describe a case of manic episode secondary to maca consumption, as an ingredient of an energizing product.AimsTo report on antidepressant properties of maca, based on a clinical case.MethodsX. is a 27-years-old male without any psychiatric history. He came to the emergency service because of the presence of sudden onset behavioral disorders, presenting a manic-like episode of seven hours of evolution. His symptoms consisted in psychomotor restlessness, hyperactivity, insomnia, verbose and loud speech, hyperthymia, megalomaniac verbalizations, and unsuitable future plans. The patient had self-awareness of his symptoms and was self-critical with his behavior. He reported he was consuming an energizing supplement containing maca from about two weeks ago. Treatment with olanzapine 20 mg was initiated, and the patient remained under observation for 24 hours.ResultsSymptomatology subsided completely after 24 hours. The patient is discharged from the hospital with diagnosis of manic episode secondary to maca, without any treatment. He was advice to not take stimulants.ConclusionsThere are studies reporting that maca plant has antidepressant properties, associated with the activation of noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems, as well as the attenuation of oxidative stress. However, more studies are needed to identify specific compounds that produce these effects.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Educating, implementing and auditing nice standards for bipolar disorder
Authors: Tremblay M. , Palin S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) sets standards of clinical practice in the UK. An extensive update on guidance regarding bipolar disorder was released in September 2014. Practitioners face the challenge of translating this guidance into practice. NICE suggests that interventions might be better delivered by bipolar specialist clinics. Updated NICE standards were integrated into a Bipolar Clinical Effective Practice Screen (BICEPS), allowing existing community psychiatric teams to deliver these revised clinical standards in bipolar care.PurposeTo assess the effectiveness of the BICEPS in delivering interventions aligned with NICE clinical standards.MethodThree psychiatric community teams were audited; two teams (1 and 2) used the BICEPS to support their interventions whilst a third team provided management as usual. Team 1 was previously familiarized with the concept.ResultsTable 1.ConclusionThe teams using BICEPS show better concordance to NICE standards. Superior outcomes by the team previously acquainted with the concept suggest longer-term benefits and adaptability. Using BICEPS may offer a cheaper alternative to developing specialist clinics.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Interactions between mephedrone and alcohol in humans: Cardiovascular and subjective effects
Authors: Farré M. , Perez-Maña C. , de Souza E. , Mateus J. , Theunisen E. , Kuypers K. , Ramaekers J. , Fonseca F. , Torrens M. , Olesti E. , de la Torre R. , Papaseit E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMephedrone is a synthetic cathinone derivative included in the class of “New-Novel Psychoactive Substances”. Synthetic cathinones are marketed as “bath salts” or “plant food” and gained notable popularity for similar effects to 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), or amphetamines. Mephedrone is commonly consumed simultaneously with alcohol.Objectives and aimsThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the interactions between mephedrone and ethanol in humans.MethodsTwelve healthy male, recreational users of psychostimulants participated as outpatients in four experimental sessions. They received a single oral dose of mephedrone (200 mg) and alcohol (0.8 g/kg), mephedrone placebo and alcohol (0.8 g/kg), mephedrone (200 mg) and placebo alcohol, and both placebos. Design was double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, cross-over and controlled with placebo. Study variables included: vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, and pupil diameter), subjective effects (visual analogue scales-VAS, ARCI-49 item short form, and VESSPA questionnaire).ResultsThe combination produced an increase in the cardiovascular effects of mephedrone and induced more intense feeling of euphoria and well-being in comparison to mephedrone and alcohol. Mephedrone reduced the drunkenness and sedation produced by alcohol.ConclusionsThese results are similar to those obtained with the combination of other psychostimulants as amphetamines and MDMA. Abuse liability of the combination is greater that induced by mephedrone.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Continuity of attachment in children with disruptive behavior disorders and in their parents: A pilot study
Authors: Bizzi F. , Castellano R. , Cavanna D. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe quality of adult–infant attachment plays an essential role in influencing the children's well-being (Groh et al., 2012). Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD) has been found as particularly influenced by the presence of unavailability in the parental caregiving. It is widely attested that parents’ attachment states of mind predict the attachment patterns of their children. Nonetheless, the investigation of the attachment organization during the middle childhood shows inconsistent data. Moreover, a paucity of studies focused on the role of father's attachment in this period still remains.ObjectivesThis pilot study investigates the attachment patterns of children with DBD and those of their parents.AimsThe aims are to verify the presence of: (1) an over-representation of Disorganized attachment in these children; (2) an over-representation of Irresolution with respect to abuse or loss in one or both their parents.MethodsThe sample consists of 33 subjects: n = 11 children with DBD and n = 22 parents. The children completed the Child Attachment Interview (Shmueli-Goetz et al., 2000) and the parents completed the Adult Attachment Interview (George et al., 1985).ResultsFindings showed: (1) a significant presence of Disorganized attachment with respect to both parents in the children; (2) an over-representation of Insecure states of mind in their parents; (3) a more significant presence of Disorganization in the fathers than in the mothers.ConclusionThis focus on the topic of intergenerational transmission of attachment in a specific clinical sample enriches the research, underlining the more pronounced role of fathers’ attachment configuration.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The evolution of cognitive functioning in adolescents with early onset psychosis
Authors: Bohus A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCognitive deficits (executive functions, verbal and spatial learning and memory, visual processing and attention) are a fundamental trait of schizophrenia.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study is to compare the cognitive functioning in psychotic adolescents at the psychosis onset and after one year, using psychological tests.MethodsThis is a longitudinal study, during a period of two years and a half. Twenty-eight patients with first psychotic episode agreed to participate to this study and were assessed during their hospitalization in a university clinic for child and adolescent psychiatry in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The diagnosis was based on DSM-IV criteria. All the patients were initially assessed for intelligence level using Raven Test and those with mental retardation were excluded. After one year, sixteen adolescents from the initial group were reassessed. The cognitive functioning was assessed with Trail Making A and B, verbal fluency tasks, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. The results from patients group were compared with those from healthy controls.ResultsThe results show weaker global cognitive performance from adolescents with early onset psychosis, initially and at one-year evaluation, than the healthy adolescents from the control group.ConclusionsThis results are consistent with those of previous studies. The adolescents with early onset psychosis show multiple cognitive impairments initially and one year after the psychosis onset.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The synthetic cannabinoids: JWH, four years of analysis
Authors: Galindo L. , Grifell M. , Quintana P. , Palma A. , Tirado J. , Ventura M. , Fornis I. , Torrens M. , Farré M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSince 2004, herbal mixtures for smoking use have been sold under the generic brand “Spice”. Many of them contain synthetic cannabinoids (agonists of the cannabinoid receptors). JWH-018 was one of the first spice drugs. There is no scientific evidence of their effects on humans, except cases of intoxications and users opinions.ObjectiveThe present study describes the presence of the synthetic cannabinoids JWH's and their characteristics in the samples delivered for analysis to the harm reduction NGO Energy Control from 2010 to 2014 in Spain.MethodsFrom 15,814 samples analyzed from 2010 to 2014, those containing synthetic cannabinoids JWH's were studied (n = 47). Analysis was done by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsFrom these 47 samples containing JWH, 55% were delivered as “legal highs” (n = 21) and 44% as JWH. Most common presentations were powder 47% and herbals 32%. Samples containing JWH 45%(n = 21) were mixed with more than one kind of JWH or were adulterated and other active principles were found 28% (n = 13) JWH-018, 11% (n = 5) JWH-210, 8% (n = 4) JWH-081 and the 6% WH-250 (n = 3). Origin of the sample was Catalunya 23% (n = 11), other provinces of Spain 46% (n = 22); other EU countries 23% (n = 11) and internet-unknown country 8% (n = 8). From the (n = 47) samples, were delivered (n = 16) in 2012, (n = 12) in 2013, (n = 11) in 2011, (n = 3) in 2010 and (n = 3) in 2014.ConclusionJWH'S represent a low percentage of new psychoactive substances analyzed. Its presence in the market seems decreasing.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cotard syndrome in a young man?
Authors: Cercos López A. , Cancino Botello M.C. , Chavarria Romero V. , Sugranyes Ernest G. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAnti-NMDA encephalitis normally appears as a characteristic syndrome with typical symptoms that undergoes with multiphase evolution. However, it sometimes develops atypical symptoms so we must perform a careful differential diagnosis.ObjectivesTo conduct a current review of detection and management of anti-NMDAr encephalitis, and psychiatric manifestations.MethodSystematic review of the literature in English (PubMed), with the following keywords: “Autoimmune encephalitis”, “psychosis”, and “NMDA receptor”.ResultsWe present the case of a 15-year-old boy referred to evaluation for a first psychotic episode. He had no past history of psychiatric illness or substance abuse. The only relevant antecedent is multiple sclerosis in a first degree relative. For the last months, he presented high levels of anxiety symptoms apparently related to college stressful events and fluctuating hypoesthesia of left cranial side. Days later, it appeared autolimited gastrointestinal symptoms, headache and fever. During the next days it appeared psychomotor retardation, choreic movements, suicide ideation and mood-congruent paranoid and nihilistic ideation, auditory and visual hallucinations, perplexity and catatonic symptoms so he was hospitalized. We observed cognitive functions impairment, unsteady gait, dysartria, dysphasia, clonus and left babinsky sign. EEG showed slow waves on right frontal area. CFS showed protein elevation and immunologic study revealed positive anti-NMDA antibodies. Treatment with methylprednisolone and gammaglobuline was started with partial response, needing addition of rituximab.ConclusionsIn this case, we highlight the importance of early detection and a detailed differential diagnosis, to determine whether the etiology of psychiatric symptoms in order to achieve an accurate and early treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Importance of developmental gesture of handwriting in children to better understand writing disabilities: Preliminary study
Authors: Lopez C. , Vaivre-douret L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThere is currently a resurgence of handwriting difficulties in school-age children. Researches in literature focus on kinematics temporal and spatial measures of letters in the writing process and on clinical performances such as the handwriting scale (BHK). This assessment doesn’t consider the organization and the maturation of the handwriting gesture.ObjectivesWe aim to study the developmental organization of the handwriting gesture to provide developmental standards of reference in order to complete performances measures allowing a better understanding of handwriting disabilities.MethodsHealthy children of elementary school aged between 6 and 11 years old are eligible for inclusion. All children are assessed with neuropsychological and neuropsychomotor evaluations and with handwriting assessment (BHK). Two groups are established, the one with handwriting difficulties and the other one (control group) without writing disorder or learning disabilities. The children were matched for age, gender and school level. All children are filmed with a camera suspended over to observe with specific handwriting tasks, the upper limb gesture about segmental organization of fingers, hand, forearm, arm, shoulder and postural organization.ResultsPreliminary findings show significant differences of the segmental organization of the writing gesture between the two groups. We will discuss the identified causes of the handwriting disorders with the analysis of neuropsychomotor and neurological assessments data in correlation with gesture segmental organization.ConclusionDevelopmental organization of the writing gesture is a possible underlying mechanism of handwriting disabilities. Practically, it appears important to improve news tools of evaluations with gestural writing consideration and to implement it in intervention process.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The moderating effect of irrationality on the relationship between callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems in teenagers
Authors: Costea C. 
Published: May 2016

The main objective of this study was the investigation of the moderation effect of irrationality on the relationship between callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems in youths, this last association having been demonstrated before in scientific research. The data was collected from 40 patients of a pediatric psychiatry clinic, during the last 18 months.We used the following instruments for measuring the main variables of the study: The Youth Self-Report (YSR, Achenbach, 1991) for the conduct problems, The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU, Frick, 2004) and The Child and Adolescent Scale of Irrationality (CASI, Bernard and Cronan, 1999).The acquired data was analyzed with the SPSS 20 statistical software. First, we performed the descriptive statistics and then we conducted the hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The research design is predictive, moderation type.The results showed a significant positive association between callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems, a significant positive association between irrationality and conduct problems, no significant statistical association between callous-unemotional traits and irrational beliefs and no significant moderating effect of irrational cognitions on the relationship between callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems. Nonetheless, callous-unemotional traits and irrationality explain 49.5% of the variance of behavior problems.The results confirm the need of adapted individualized therapeutic strategies for children and adolescents with conduct problems, to address both their callous-unemotional traits and their irrational beliefs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Serving the underserved: Communication activities conducted at home with children of the autism spectrum
Authors: Fernandes F.D. , Moraes S. , Defense-Netvral D. , Barbosa M. 
Published: May 2016

The increase in prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) demands that new strategies for delivering speech-language therapy services to them are tested and improved. Including families and familiar situations may be a way to provide more intensive stimulation. The aim of this study was to identify strategies to stimulate communication development of children with ASD that can be suggested to parents and followed-up systematically. Participants were 67 children with diagnosis within the autism spectrum that attended weekly speech-language therapy at a specialized service of a large university in São Paulo (Brazil). The study was conducted in four phases: planning of activities; four face-to-face meetings with the parents to suggest and discuss activities that should be conducted at home daily; during six weeks the parents continued to conduct the proposed activities at home, with systematic weekly follow-up by the child's therapist finally, individual the parents reported their impressions about the proposal and the outcomes regarding their child's development during individual interviews. Activities involved the main areas of disorders in ASD. They suggested that the parents used familiar situations as opportunities for games and plays involving language, cognitive and social demands. Parents reported difficulties in implementing the proposed routine of playing with their child for at least a few minutes every day. They mentioned “lack of time” and “being tired” as the main reasons for it. Nevertheless they all reported that they were more able to understand their child's needs and demands and that their child responded well to the suggestions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Social media modulation of mood and anxiety in adolescents with chronic visible skin conditions
Authors: Gagnon J. , Duchemin A.M. 
Published: May 2016

Chronic skin diseases are often associated with psychiatric disorders, and psychological factors such as stress can affect the management of skin conditions. In adolescents, skin diseases can have a profound impact on body image, self-esteem and social interactions. Social media is a mode of communication increasingly used, especially among adolescents. It has been shown to have detrimental effect by the negative influence of peers through social network interactions as well as positive effects by allowing support and access to care. The posting of pictures of individuals by others in social media may make this mode of communication particularly distressful for teens with a visible skin condition; they cannot control the photos being shared with the group and are reminded of the visibility of their skin condition through these postings. To determine how social media may impact mental health and skin disease management in adolescents’ with chronic visible skin conditions, we conducted a survey of patients in the ambulatory setting. This cross-sectional study is based on an anonymous survey in teens, age 12 to 19, with various levels of chronic visible skin conditions. It explores the influences of social media on incidence and or severity of both psychiatric and dermatological health status as self-reported by patients. Acne, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis are often associated with poor quality of life even with moderate skin disease. Taking in account the impact of social media on these pathologies is especially critical among adolescents due to their wide use and relevance in this population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Parental group therapy & conduct disorders
Authors: Garcia E. , Guerrero E. , Vicente I. , Martinez R. 
Published: May 2016

Conduct disorders are common between ADHD, some series has shown that even almost 40% of patients develop some of the two main diagnosis: ODD or CD.That comorbidity between ADHD and ODD or CD has made that treatment become complex and requires different interventions.One field of treatment has been parental functioning.It has been common that reward or punishment as two effective strategies modulate familiar interactions when they are referred to AHD sons.However, in a long time, they failed to improve functioning, and frustration appears.Attachment somehow is been hidden behind diagnosis and treatment, and family stop its evolution repeating wrong strategies.Group therapy is a well-known tool that may help with this dysfunction in two ways: psychoeducation and debriefing.The aim of this work is to resume our experience working with parents in a group therapy model.We have found that affective symptoms are common between parents, ant that they difficult parenting strategies.Taking that into account we promoted emotional expression using debriefing groups as model, before introducing psychoeducational issues.Our hypothesis is that change is not possible if there is not a corrective attachment experience that let parents recover their role.We use it as a complementary tool to family and individual therapy.We will explain this model and its results based in therapists’ and patients’ experiences using open interviews.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.