bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle capture of elliptic cross-section matrices for parallel stream high gradient magnetic separation
Authors: Zheng Xiayu , Wang Yuhua , Lu Dongfang 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to model the particle capture of elliptic magnetic matrices for parallel stream type high magnetic separation, which can be a guidance for the development of novel elliptic cylinder matrices for high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS).

Design/methodology/approach
– The magnetic field distribution around the elliptic matrices is investigated quantitatively and the magnetic field and gradient were calculated. The motion equations of the magnetic particles around the matrices were derived and the particle capture cross-section of elliptic matrices was studied and was compared with that of the conventional circular matrices.

Findings
– Elliptic matrices can present larger particle capture cross-section than the conventional circular matrices and can be a kind of promising matrices to be applied to HGMS.

Originality/value
– There is little literature investigating the magnetic characteristics and the particle capture of the elliptic matrices in HGMS, the study is of great significance for the development of novel elliptic magnetic matrices in HGMS.
Blind source separation using higher order statistics in kernel space
Authors: Liu Nianyun , Li Jingsong , Liu Quan , Su Hang , Wu Wei 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– Higher order statistics (HOS)-based blind source separation (BSS) technique has been applied to separate data to obtain a better performance than second order statistics-based method. The cost function constructed from the HOS-based separation criterion is a complicated nonlinear function that is difficult to optimize. The purpose of this paper is to effectively solve this nonlinear optimization problem to obtain an estimation of the source signals with a higher accuracy than classic BSS methods.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper, a new technique based on HOS in kernel space is proposed. The proposed approach first maps the mixture data into a high-dimensional kernel space through a nonlinear mapping and then constructs a cost function based on a higher order separation criterion in the kernel space. The cost function is constructed by using the kernel function which is defined as inner products between the images of all pairs of data in the kernel space. The estimations of the source signals is obtained through the minimizing the cost function.

Findings
– The results of a number of experiments on generic synthetic and real data show that HOS separation criterion in kernel space exhibits good performance for different kinds of distributions. The proposed method provided higher signal-to-interference ratio and less sensitive to the source distribution compared to FastICA and JADE algorithms.

Originality/value
– The proposed method combines the advantage of kernel method and the HOS properties to achieve a better performance than using a single one. It does not require to compute the coordinates of the data in the kernel space explicitly, but computes the kernel function which is simple to optimize. The use of nonlinear function space allows the algorithm more accurate and more robust to different kinds of distributions.
Performance analysis of GFDM in various fading channels
Authors: Bandari Shravan Kumar , Mani V.V. , Drosopoulos A. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study the performance of generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) in some frequency selective fading channels. The exact symbol error rate (SER) expressions in Hoyt (Nakagami-q) and Weibull-vfading channels are derived. A GFDM transceiver simulation test bed is provided to validate the obtained analytical expressions.Design/methodology/approach– Modern cellular system demands higher data rates, very low-latency transmissions and sensors with ultra low-power consumption. Current cellular systems of the fourth generation (4G) are not able to meet these emerging demands of future mobile communication systems. To address this requirement, GFDM, a novel multi-carrier modulation technique is proposed to satisfy the future needs of fifth generation technology. GFDM is a block-based transmission method where pulse shaping is applied circularly to individual subcarriers. Unlike traditional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, GFDM transmits multiple symbols per subcarrier. The authors have used the probability density function approach in solving the final analytical expressions.Findings– Detailed analysis of GFDM performance under Hoyt-q, Weibull-vand Log-Normal Shadowing fading channels. Exact analytical formulae were derived which support the simulations carried out by authors and other authors. The exact dependence of SER on fading parameters and roll-off factorαin the raised cosine pulse shape filter was determined.Practical implications– Development and fabrication of high-performance GFDM systems under fading channel conditions.Originality/value– Theoretical support to simulated system performance.
CO2 flow in saline aquifer with salt precipitation
Authors: Pau Jion Sean , Pao William , Yong Suet Peng 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to introduce the solution to two-phase flow in CO2/brine system with salt precipitation by applying mixed hybrid finite element (MHFE) method to pressure equation and finite volume (FV) method to saturation equation. Mixed finite element method solves pressure and velocity in two subspaces while hybrid method is an extension of mixed method, where the Lagrange multiplier is added to the former in order to ensure the continuity from one element to the adjacent elements. The authors propose the modeling of salt precipitation using core flood experimental result and adapt to be applicable for numerical modeling.

Design/methodology/approach
– The governing equations are discretized using Mixed Hybrid Finite Element-Finite Volume (MHFE-FV) method. This method has the feature of localized conservation which is attractive for application on heterogeneous porous media. In addition to this, the salt precipitation effect is modeled using the data from core flood experiment (Ott et al., 2011). The random data are linearized to obtain the relationship between salt precipitate and CO2 saturation and implemented to the algorithm for two-phase flow in CO2 and brine system.

Findings
– The solution of MHFE-FV scheme has good agreement with the solution using implicit pressure and explicit saturation (IMPES) reported by Negara et al. (2011), with average error of 4.20 percent. Localized conservation is demonstrated in the case of randomized heterogeneous porous media where fingering effects are explicitly observed. Salt precipitation prediction using the proposed method is able to predict the decrement of porosity by 16.71 percent and permeability by 22.19 percent. This results in the decreased amount of CO2 injected by 64.70 percent.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper presents the solution of two-phase flow in CO2 brine system during CO2 injection in saline aquifer using MHFE-FV method with the additional salt precipitation model obtained based on core flood experiment result.

Practical implications
– A methodology to predict the salt precipitation based on CO2 saturation.

Social implications
– Contribution to green house gas reduction.

Originality/value
– The authors use MHFE-FV to solve hyperbolic PDE to obtain accurate results of CO2 saturation, and subsequently use this to compute the salt precipitation.
Oblique stagnation-point flow of a nanofluid past a shrinking sheet
Authors: Rahman M M , Grosan Teodor , Pop Ioan 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The laminar two-dimensional stagnation-point flow and heat transfer of a viscous incompressible nanofluid obliquely impinging on a shrinking surface is formulated as a similarity solution of the Navier-Stokes, energy and concentration equations. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The effect of the dimensionless strain rate, shrinking parameter, Brownian motion parameter and thermophoresis parameter on the flow, temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction is investigated in details. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The transformed system of ordinary differential equations was solved using the function bvp4c from Matlab. The relative tolerance was set to 10−10.

Findings
– It is found that dimensionless strain rate and shrinking parameter causes a shift in the position of the point of zero skin friction along the stretching sheet. Obliquity of the flow toward the surface increases as the strain rate intensifies. The results indicate that dual solutions exist for the opposing flow case.

Research limitations/implications
– The problem is formulated for an incompressible nanofluid with no chemical reactions, dilute mixture, negligible viscous dissipation and negligible radiative heat transfer assuming nanoparticles and base fluid are locally in thermal equilibrium. Beyond the critical point λ
c to obtain further solutions, the full basic partial differential equations have to be solved.

Originality/value
– The present results are original and new for the oblique stagnation-point flow of a nanofluid past a shrinking sheet. Therefore, this study would be important for the researchers working in the relatively new area of nanofluids in order to become familiar with the flow behavior and properties of such nanofluids.
Combined effect of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on free convection flow of a viscous fluid in a vertical channel
Authors: Umavathi Jawali C , Chamkha A J , Mohiuddin Syed 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of exponential viscosity-temperature relation, exponential thermal conductivity-temperature relation and the combined effects of variable viscosity and variable thermal conductivity on steady free convection flow of viscous incompressible fluid in a vertical channel.

Design/methodology/approach
– The governing equations are solved analytically using regular perturbation method. The analytical solutions are valid for small variations of buoyancy parameter and the solutions are found up to first order for variable viscosity. Since the analytical solutions have a restriction on the values of perturbation parameter and also on the higher order solutions, the authors resort to numerical method which is Runge-Kutta fourth order method.

Findings
– The skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number at both the plates are derived, discussed and their numerical values for various values of physical parameters are presented in tables. It is found that an increase in the variable viscosity enhances the flow and heat transfer, whereas an increase in the variable thermal conductivity suppresses the flow and heat transfer for variable viscosity, variable thermal conductivity and their combined effect.

Originality/value
– This research is relatively original as, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, not much work is done on the considered problem with variable properties.
Establishing a benchmark for continuous HR improvement
Authors: Clifford Claire 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– This paper explains how Sabio approached benchmarking of their overall human resource (HR) performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Sabio asked employees for feedback, achieving an impressive 92 per cent response rate.

Findings
– Feedback from employees highlighted issues around leadership, communication and corporate social responsibility. The article explains how Sabio addressed these issues.

Originality/value
– This paper gives a first-hand account of benchmarking for HR departments and how the company addressed the issues raised.
A network pharmacology approach reveals new candidate caloric restriction mimetics in C. elegans
Authors: Calvert Shaun , Tacutu Robi , Sharifi Samim , Teixeira Rute , Ghosh Pratul , de Magalhães João Pedro 
Published: December 2015

SummaryCaloric restriction (CR), a reduction in calorie intake without malnutrition, retards aging in several animal models from worms to mammals. Developing CR mimetics, compounds that reproduce the longevity benefits of CR without its side effects, is of widespread interest. Here, we employed the Connectivity Map to identify drugs with overlapping gene expression profiles with CR. Eleven statistically significant compounds were predicted as CR mimetics using this bioinformatics approach. We then tested rapamycin, allantoin, trichostatin A, LY‐294002 and geldanamycin in Caenorhabditis elegans. An increase in lifespan and healthspan was observed for all drugs except geldanamycin when fed to wild‐type worms, but no lifespan effects were observed in eat‐2 mutant worms, a genetic model of CR, suggesting that life‐extending effects may be acting via CR‐related mechanisms. We also treated daf‐16 worms with rapamycin, allantoin or trichostatin A, and a lifespan extension was observed, suggesting that these drugs act via DAF‐16‐independent mechanisms, as would be expected from CR mimetics. Supporting this idea, an analysis of predictive targets of the drugs extending lifespan indicates various genes within CR and longevity networks. We also assessed the transcriptional profile of worms treated with either rapamycin or allantoin and found that both drugs use several specific pathways that do not overlap, indicating different modes of action for each compound. The current work validates the capabilities of this bioinformatic drug repositioning method in the context of longevity and reveals new putative CR mimetics that warrant further studies.
Decomposing genomic variance using information fromGWA,GWE andeQTLanalysis
Authors: Ehsani A. , Janss L. , Pomp D. , Sørensen P. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryA commonly used procedure in genome‐wide association (GWA), genome‐wide expression (GWE) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses is based on a bottom‐up experimental approach that attempts to individually associate molecular variants with complex traits. Top‐down modeling of the entire set of genomic data and partitioning of the overall variance into subcomponents may provide further insight into the genetic basis of complex traits. To test this approach, we performed a whole‐genome variance components analysis and partitioned the genomic variance using information fromGWA,GWEandeQTLanalyses of growth‐related traits in a mouse F2population. We characterized the mouse trait genetic architecture by ordering single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on theirP‐values and studying the areas under the curve (AUCs). The observed traits were found to have a genomic variance profile that differed significantly from that expected of a trait under an infinitesimal model. This situation was particularly true for both body weight and body fat, for which theAUCs were much higher compared with that of glucose. In addition,SNPs with a high degree of trait‐specific regulatory potential (SNPs associated with subset of transcripts that significantly associated with a specific trait) explained a larger proportion of the genomic variance than didSNPs with high overall regulatory potential (SNPs associated with transcripts using traditionaleQTLanalysis). We introducedAUCmeasures of genomic variance profiles that can be used to quantify relative importance ofSNPs as well as degree of deviation of a trait's inheritance from an infinitesimal model. The shape of the curve aids global understanding of traits: The steeper the left‐hand side of the curve, the fewer the number ofSNPs controlling most of the phenotypic variance.
Frequency of “Time for Self” Is a Significant Predictor of Postnatal Depressive Symptoms: Results from a Prospective Pregnancy Cohort Study
Authors: Woolhouse Hannah , Small Rhonda , Miller Kirsty , Brown Stephanie J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to explore the relationship between frequency of time for self and maternal depressive symptoms at 6 months postpartum.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 1,507 first‐time mothers in Australia, recruited in early pregnancy with follow‐up at 6 months postpartum, was conducted. Scores of more than or equal to 13 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used to identify depressive symptoms.ResultsOf 1,507 women recruited to the study, 92.6 percent completed follow‐up at 6 months postpartum. Almost half (48.5%) reported having time for themselves when someone else looked after their baby (time for self) once a week or more. Compared with women who reported less frequent time for self, women who had time for themselves once a week or more were less likely to report depressive symptoms (unadjusted OR 0.44 [95% CI 0.30–0.66]). Women who had more frequent time for themselves were more likely to have more practical and emotional support. However, this only partially explained the relationship between time for self and depressive symptoms, which remained significant in regression models after adjusting for other recognized risk factors for maternal depression, including social support (adjusted OR 0.60 [95% CI 0.39–0.94]).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that having time for self at least once a week in the first 6 months after childbirth may have a beneficial influence on maternal mental health. Ensuring women get regular respite from the challenges of caring for a young baby may be a relatively simple and effective way of promoting maternal mental health in the year after childbirth.
Importance of immunopharmacogenomics in cancer treatment: Patient selection and monitoring for immune checkpoint antibodies
Authors: Choudhury Noura , Nakamura Yusuke 
Published: December 2015

In the last 5 years, immune checkpoint antibodies have become established as anticancer agents for various types of cancer. These antibody drugs, namely cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated antigen, programmed death‐1, and programmed death ligand‐1 antibodies, have revealed relatively high response rates, the ability to induce durable responses, and clinical efficacy in malignancies not previously thought to be susceptible to immune‐based strategies. However, because of its unique mechanisms of activating the host immune system against cancer as well as expensive cost, immune checkpoint blockade faces novel challenges in selecting appropriate patient populations, monitoring clinical responses, and predicting immune adverse events. The development of objective criteria for selecting patient populations that are likely to have benefit from these therapies has been vigorously investigated but still remains unclear. In this review, we describe immune checkpoint inhibition‐specific challenges with patient selection and monitoring, and focus on approaches to remedy these challenges. We also discuss applications of the emerging field of immunopharmacogenomics for guiding selection and monitoring for anti‐immune checkpoint treatment.
Introduction of positron emission tomography into the Western Norwegian Health Region: Regional balance in resource utilization from 2009 to 2014
Authors: Stokmo Henning Langen , Reitan Bernt Christian , Johnsen Boel , Gulati Ankush , Kleven‐Madsen Nina , Adamsen Tom Christian Holm , Biermann Martin 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe aim was to compare resource utilization across the four health trusts within the Western Norway Regional Health Authority since the establishment of positron emission tomography (PET) at Haukeland University Hospital in Bergen in 2009.MethodsMetadata from all PET examinations from 2009 to 2014 were automatically imported from the PET centre's central production database into a custom‐developed database system, MDCake. A PET examination was defined as a procedure based on a single injection of radioactive tracer. The patients' place of residence and tentative diagnosis were coded based on the available clinical information.ResultsThe total number of PET examinations increased from 293 in 2009 to 1616 in 2014. The number of PET examinations per year increased across all diagnostic groups, but plateaued for lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer and malignant melanoma since 2013. The number of examinations per capita was evenly distributed between the three northern health trusts with an average of 1260 PET studies per million inhabitants in 2014. However, patients residing in the most southerly health trust received between 44% (2010) and 27% (2014; P<0·001, repeated measures ANOVA) fewer examinations per capita per year.ConclusionCentralized PET in the Western Norwegian health region meets the current clinical demand for patients residing in the three northern health trusts while patients from the most southern health trust receive approximately 30% fewer PET examinations. Access to specialized health care should be monitored routinely in order to identify inequalities in referral patterns and resource utilization.
HETEROGENEITY IN STATE‐DEPENDENT UTILITY: EVIDENCE FROM STRATEGIC SURVEYS
Authors: Brown Jeffrey R. , Goda Gopi Shah , McGarry Kathleen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA standard result of life‐cycle models under uncertainty is that optimizing individuals equate the expected marginal utility of consumption across states of the world if insurance is available at actuarially fair rates. A small empirical literature has suggested that the marginal utility of consumption is lower in less healthy states. We use a novel survey‐based measure to document significant heterogeneity in health‐state dependence across individuals largely orthogonal to standard controls. We further show that individuals value unhealthy states of the world more when facing work‐limiting disabilities than when facing disabilities requiring long‐term care, and when facing physical rather than mental disabilities. (JEL D12, I10)
Improving care and treatment options for women and girls with bleeding disorders
Authors: Kulkarni Roshni 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWomen and girls may experience increased bleeding symptoms as carriers of haemophilia. They can also be affected by other hereditary bleeding diatheses such as von Willebrand disease, platelet dysfunction defects or deficiencies of coagulation factors (F) such as FI, FII, FV, FVII, FX, FXI and FXIII. In addition to general bleeding symptoms, such disorders pose unique problems for women due to their impact on reproductive health. Women and adolescent girls with undiagnosed bleeding disorders frequently experience heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB; menorrhagia), leading to impairment of daily activities. Other gynaecological and obstetric manifestations, for example miscarriage, bleeding during pregnancy and postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), can occur. Treatment for HMB should consider patient wishes relating to preservation of fertility, and management options include hormonal measures, desmopressin, antifibrinolytics, platelet concentrate transfusions and clotting factor therapy. During pregnancy, monitoring clotting factor levels informs the need for prophylactic therapy; subsequent haemostatic cover can minimise PPH. Under‐recognition of bleeding disorders in females may lead to inappropriate, or lack of, treatment. This may be avoided by increased disease awareness, prompt and accurate diagnosis, and a multidisciplinary approach to patient care. This review considers the range of hereditary bleeding disorders that may affect women and adolescent girls, and their evaluation and management.