bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S10-3: Promoting biking in secondary schools – evaluating the bikepool project
Authors: Abu-Omar Karim , Fleuren Tobias , Till Maike , Sommer Raluca , Ziemainz Heiko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Teaching children and adolescents how to bike safely in traffic is a key skill that supports active mobility and contributes to decarbonizing the transport sector. Within the paradigm of transformative science, it is important to focus efforts on supporting practice-based projects that operate well in real-live, but lack scientific evaluation of their potential effectiveness.
Bikepool, a project that evolved out of practice, is run by a volunteer organization and has been scaled to over 166 schools in the past 12 years. Despite its success, there has been no assessment of its potential effects on pupils, teachers, and the school environment. This presentation highlights an evaluation study set to begin in mid-2024.

Methods
The planned evaluation study uses a mixed method approach and builds on the methodology of co-production and participation. Qualitative interviews with teachers will be conducted in 15 schools. Pupils will take part in designing the evaluation. A quantitative survey will assess the potential effects of bikepool in all schools.

Results
Bikepool provides schools with bikes, safety equipment, a bike repair shop, and vocational training for teachers. The project’s evaluation, grounded in transformative science, follows three phases: (1) understanding the project and mutual learning between researchers and project staff, (2) co-creating an evaluation plan with project staff and pupils, and (3) collecting and analyzing data. Researchers will support the project in optimizing its work and identifying ways to scale the project to additional schools.

Conclusion
Practice-based projects demonstrating real-live applicability and a high reach offer an excellent opportunity for transformative science. Supporting such projects to assess and optimize their effectiveness and help them scale can increase their public health impact. At the same time, the paradigm of transformative science is still evolving and practical experience on how to make use of it is still lacking.

Funding
The project is funded by Verein der Freunde und Förderer des Bikepool Hessen e.V.
S14 Physical activity promotion in healthcare settings: Designing and implementing physical activity referral schemes
Authors: Geidl Wolfgang , Stoutenberg Mark 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This symposium will share findings, expertise and experiences from different countries on the design and implementation of physical activity referral schemes (PARS).

Description
Physical activity promotion by healthcare professionals is a key strategy to increase population physical activity levels. This strategy has been outlined in the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) ‘Global Action Plan on Physical Activity’ (GAPPA) and the ‘Physical activity strategy for the WHO European Region 2016-2025‘. PARS are a promising intervention that allow healthcare professionals to advocate for physical activity and integrate its promotion into routine clinical care.
PARS are a heterogeneous group of interventions. Simpler PARS, for example, may consist only of a written description, while more complex PARS might include different healthcare professionals working together systematically, applying several behaviour change techniques in combination with physical activity practice, to connect patients to community resources. There is currently no consensus on the optimal PARS approach and implementation strategies. Implementers need specific knowledge, skills and methods; however, implementation is also influenced by structural and context-related factors in the healthcare system. Accordingly, a successful implementation of PARS needs co-productive capacity building within healthcare systems and proper support for healthcare professionals.
The symposium includes four contributions (3 research-oriented and 1 practise-oriented) related to the design and implementation of PARS in different countries.
1) EUPAP Feasibility Study. Practice transfer of a HEPA prescription model to other nine EU countries. From theory to practice. Sebastià Mas-Alòs
2) The association of physical activity referral scheme’ components with physical activity level, scheme uptake and adherence rates: a systematic review, meta-analysis with meta-regression. Wolfgang Geidl
3) The adoption and implementation of a physical activity referral pathway integrated into a major U.S. health system. Mark Stoutenberg
4) Designing a physical activity pathway in healthcare model for Irish Health Services. Sarah O’Brien
This symposium will provide guidance on the development of PARS and future successful implementation in other healthcare settings.
Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes With Etrasimod Treatment in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: A Post Hoc Analysis of Data From ELEVATE UC 52 and ELEVATE UC 12
Authors: Armuzzi Alessandro , Rubin David T , Schreiber Stefan , Panés Julian , Fellmann Marc , Bartolome Lauren , Gruben David , Goetsch Martina , Bhattacharjee Abhishek , Chaparro María , Dubinsky Marla C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Etrasimod is an oral, once-daily (QD), selective sphingosine 1-phosphate1,4,5 receptor modulator for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we evaluate the impact of etrasimod 2 mg QD on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with UC.

Methods
This post hoc analysis used data from the Phase 3 randomized controlled trials, ELEVATE UC 52 and ELEVATE UC 12. HRQoL measures included: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Ulcerative Colitis (WPAI:UC) completed at baseline, Week 12 (both trials), and Week 52 (ELEVATE UC 52 only). For IBDQ analyses, patients were stratified by prior exposure to biologics/Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) and baseline modified Mayo score (MMS; 4-6 or 7-9).

Results
Generally, significantly greater proportions of patients receiving etrasimod (N = 527) vs placebo (N = 260) achieved IBDQ remission (IBDQ total score ≥170) and IBDQ response (IBDQ total score increase from baseline ≥16), with significant improvement in all IBDQ domain scores at Week 12 and maintained through Week 52. Significant differences in IBDQ remission and IBDQ response rates between etrasimod and placebo were more consistent among biologic/JAKi-naive patients vs those who were biologic/JAKi-experienced and in those with baseline MMS 7-9 vs 4-6. Significant improvements were observed in several SF-36 domain and summary scores and WPAI:UC domain scores at Week 12 and Week 52.

Conclusions
Etrasimod 2 mg QD demonstrated significant and clinically meaningful improvements across multiple HRQoL measures, including WPAI, vs placebo.

Clinical Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03945188; NCT03996369
Dietary curcumin supplementation enhances growth performance and anti-inflammatory functions by modulating gut microbiota, microbiota-derived metabolites, and expression of inflammation-related genes in broilers
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Li Fei , Xu Xingyu , Wang Lijun , Yu Yichen , Yan Jie , Shan Xuemei , Zhang Rui , Xing Hua , Zhang Tangjie , Du Min , Pan Shifeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) is a natural polyphenolic substance that has been widely used since ancient times for its multiple beneficial functions. However, whether CUR affects the growth performance of broilers by altering gut microbiota and metabolite and the underlying mechanism are largely unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary CUR supplementation on growth performance, anti-inflammatory function, intestinal morphology and barrier, cecum microbiota, and metabolite profile of broilers. Sixty-one-day-old male broilers were randomly divided into the control group (CON, fed a control diet) and the CUR group (fed a control diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg CUR) after 2 d of adaptation. Results showed that after feeding to 52-d-old, compared with CON broilers, the CUR broilers showed improved feed utilization efficiency and growth performance. Furthermore, the CUR broilers showed an improved intestinal morphology, which was demonstrated by a lower crypt depth in the jejunum. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and non-targeted metabonomics (LC-MS/MS) analysis results showed that the cecum microbiota ecology and function were significantly improved, and the abundance of beneficial flora and metabolites were increased, while the harmful bacteria and metabolites were significantly decreased. In addition, RT-qPCR results showed that CUR significantly reduced inflammatory responses, promoted the formation of the mucosal barrier and enhanced digestion, absorption, and transport of lipids and glucose-related gene expression in the intestine. These above findings demonstrated that dietary CUR supplementation improved growth performance, intestinal morphology, and anti-inflammatory functions, mainly by manipulating cecum microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites, which provides a credible explanation for the growth-promoting effect and anti-inflammatory functions of CUR and aids our understanding of the mechanisms underlying.
Evaluating sampling techniques for quantifying Asiatic garden beetle (Maladera formosae) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) infestations in commercial mint
Authors: Sturr Connor E , Richmond Douglas S , Long Elizabeth Y 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Asiatic garden beetle, Maladera formosae Brenske (AGB), has become a significant pest of commercial mint fields in northern Indiana. Larval feeding on mint roots can cause stunted growth and plant death when densities are high. Sampling approaches that provide reliable estimates of larval densities in mint have not been established, leaving farmers without the knowledge necessary to implement integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. To address this knowledge gap, we evaluated strategies for estimating AGB larval densities and plant performance in commercial mint systems. We used 2 sampling methods to collect larval density and plant performance data from 3 mint fields and conducted simulations to optimize sampling intensity (accuracy and precision) and sampling scheme (random vs. systematic) using these data. Additionally, we examined the sensitivity and efficiency of each sampling method. Compared to the cup-cutter method, the quadrat method provided the most accurate and precise estimates of larval density and plant performance, with ≤ 7 samples required per 0.2 ha. Quadrat excavation was also more sensitive, increasing the probability of detecting AGB larvae within a 32 m2 plot by 76.7%, and requiring significantly less time to survey an equivalent volume of soil for AGB larvae. When the quadrat method was employed, random sampling schemes provided below-ground biomass estimates that were significantly closer to the true mean of the sampling area. The results of this research will facilitate the development of IPM decision-making tools for farmers and support future research for AGB and other soil insect pests affecting mint production.
Disparities in the availability of and access to neuro-oncology trial-supporting infrastructure in the United States
Authors: Kim Yeonju , Armstrong Terri S , Gilbert Mark R , Celiku Orieta 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We conducted an extensive assessment and quantification of the reach of the oncology clinical trial-supporting infrastructure in the United States. Although our primary focus was on identifying avenues to expand the reach of neuro-oncology clinical trials, we considered infrastructure layers with important implications for broader cancer research and care. Specifically, we examined the geographic, population, and socioeconomic reach of national collaboratives (including more than 1500 institutions); more than 600 academic oncology and neurosurgery training programs; and networks of more than 25 000 individual neuro-oncology, neurosurgery, and general oncology (including hematology, medical, and gynecological oncology; surgical oncology; and radiation oncology) clinicians. Our study found that more than 57% of the US population lacks direct access to trial-supporting infrastructure. More than 71% of the locations with infrastructure are urban, and more than 72% are in socioeconomically advantaged areas. Our findings reveal critical disparities in oncology care access, and we suggest actionable strategies to optimize and expand the existing infrastructure’s reach.
A logical characterization of constant-depth circuits over the reals
Authors: Barlag Timon , Vollmer Heribert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the eighties, Immerman showed that the class of languages definable by first-order formulae coincides with the class of languages decidable by unbounded fan-in Boolean circuits of constant depth and polynomial size. We show an analogous result for real-valued computation, i.e. we define circuits of unbounded fan-in operating over real numbers and show that families of such circuits of polynomial size and constant depth decide exactly those sets of vectors of reals that can be defined in first-order logic on real valued structures. Our characterization holds both non-uniformly as well as for many natural uniformity conditions.
Explanatory Methods in Psychiatry
Authors: Aftab Awais , McHugh Paul R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Paul R. McHugh, MD, is University Distinguished Service Professor of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He was Henry Phipps Professor and Director of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Psychiatrist-in-Chief at Johns Hopkins Hospital for 26 years. He is also inaugural Director of the Paul R. McHugh Program for Human Flourishing. He is the author of many books, most popularly of The Perspectives of Psychiatry (co-written with Phillip Slavney; Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), which presents a conceptual framework for the proper evaluation and understanding of psychiatric disorders. Building on the philosophical work of forerunners such as Adolf Meyer and Karl Jaspers, the Perspectives approach identifies four explanatory methods underlying the practice of the profession: the perspectives of disease, dimensions, behaviours, and life stories. We explore these ideas and their continued relevance in this interview.
Global Psychiatry’s Crisis of Values
Authors: Aftab Awais , Pūras Dainius 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dainius Pūras, MD, is a Lithuanian psychiatrist and human rights advocate. He is Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Public Mental Health at Vilnius University, Lithuania. He served as the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health from 2014 to 2020. Pūras has campaigned for more than 30 years to reform public health policies and services for individuals with mental health conditions, disabilities, and other vulnerable groups. His reports to the UN as Special Rapporteur have criticized the excessive systemic reliance on biomedical approaches and coercive practices in psychiatry across the world, advocating for a much-needed emphasis on approaches based on public health and human rights. This interview discusses human rights and public health approaches in psychiatry, coercive practices in medicine, the significance of service user movement, and the challenges facing global mental health.
Uniportal, Percutaneous Microdiscectomy with Annulo-nucleoplasty
Authors: Eldon Erica R. , Hunter Corey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Low back pain resulting from degenerative disk disease or contained lumbar disk herniation (CLDH) is challenging and may require surgical intervention to resolve. Percutaneous microdiscectomy with or without annulo-nucleoplasty is a minimally invasive method for reducing CLDH. This chapter presents uniportal, percutaneous microdiscectomy with annulo-nucleoplasty using the Disc-FX® System (Elliquence®, Baldwin, NY). The technique has been shown to reduce postoperative complications, to reduce hospital stay, and to lead to shorter rehabilitation and early return to work, and therefore to reduce the cost of treatment. The chapter reviews the relevant anatomy, pathology, efficacy, and detailed instruction for percutaneous microdiscectomy with annulo-nucleoplasty using the Disc-FX® System.
Minimally Invasive Posterior Lumbar Fusion—A New Approach to a Standard Procedure
Authors: Myers Behnam , Abd-Elsayed Alaa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
For decades, posterolateral fusion has been one of the most common spine procedures for treating debilitating pain. Early versions of the procedure date back to over a century ago, but since then there have been innovations in the technology for, and approach to, the procedure. Up until recently, the procedure was only performed in an open approach, which requires a large incision and extensive dissection, along with significant soft tissue debridement. Advances in surgical devices now allow for posterolateral fusion to be completed quickly and effectively through a minimally invasive approach. Physicians can now offer patients a less invasive surgical solution with minimal blood loss, less scarring, and decreased healing time. The procedure may be performed in either a hospital or a surgery center setting, and patients can be discharged the same day.
Spinal Tumor Ablation
Authors: Sack Andrew , Sukumaran Harry 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Spinal tumor ablation using radiofrequency energy is a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of painful vertebral tumors. It has several advantages over external beam radiation therapy, especially the opportunity to perform simultaneous vertebral augmentation when pathologic vertebral fracture is present. This chapter reviews evidence demonstrating the procedure’s safety and efficacy. The technique and commonly used equipment are also discussed.
Sacroiliac Joint Fusion—Lateral Approach
Authors: Falowski Steven M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) has been estimated to contribute to pain in as many as 38% of cases of low back pain. A lateral or posterior/posterior oblique approach to surgical sacroiliac joint fixation is supported by the literature. Level 1 evidence is very supportive of minimally invasive lateral options for improving pain and function and maintaining a low adverse event profile in the treatment of the SIJ.
Percutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulator Trial
Authors: Potere Bethany , Hussain Nasir , Deer Timothy , Abd-Elsayed Alaa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an emerging treatment for chronic pain patients who have failed conservative therapies. SCS applies the gate control theory to modulate pain signals in the dorsal spinal cord. SCS is best used for patients with persistent back pain, chronic regional pain syndrome, and limb ischemia, in whom it has been demonstrated to lead to improved pain control and improvement in quality of life. Prior to permanent stimulator implantation, a trial is performed under fluoroscopic guidance. This chapter highlights the indications, procedure, evidence, and postoperative management of patients undergoing spinal cord stimulator trial placement.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulator Implantation
Authors: Zhou Steven , Hussain Nasir , Deer Timothy , Abd-Elsayed Alaa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Peripheral nerve stimulation at its core is the electrical modulation of nerves to alter function. As a growing tool in the field of chronic pain, neuromodulation devices have quickly moved toward the periphery to directly target nerves of interest. The potential is vast, allowing for direct stimulation of peripheral nerves to alter pain sensation. While much research and work remain to bring this technology to the mainstream of interventional pain treatment, clinicians are increasingly able to provide efficacious pain control with fewer side effects. This chapter highlights the clinical use, indications, procedural approaches, and evidence for the use of peripheral nerve stimulation.
Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation
Authors: Engle Alyson M. , Hagedorn Jonathan M. , Deer Timothy Ray 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurostimulation devices are FDA approved therapy for patients whom fails conservative pain management. Patients with refractory neuropathic pain are ideal candidates for DRG neurostimulation therapy. Neuromodulation of target DRG achieves analgesia through electrical stimulation that affects pain pathways. Early progress originally targeted dorsal column electrical stimulation, more commonly referred to as spinal cord stimulation. Advances in the field took place to achieve more targeted pain control by selectively neuromodulating the pathologic dorsal root ganglion. This chapter will focus on neurostimulation of the dorsal root ganglion.
Interrogation
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There are significant ethical considerations regarding interrogation practices, particularly regarding healthcare professionals. Interrogation violates the principle of patient autonomy (informed consent) because it is not a decisional choice for the person being questioned. The practitioner is bound by the professional principles of beneficence (do good) and nonmaleficence (do no harm), along with the obligation to maximize the patient’s best interests, making it imperative that practitioners not participate in or associate with any activities that promote physical or psychological harm. Using lies, false evidence, and manipulation in interrogation also violates human dignity and civil rights, calling into question such practices’ justice (be fair). The practitioner is obligated to oppose, expose, and report any abusive or coercive interrogations to authorities that have the power to intervene, investigate, and adjudicate.
Student Patient Care
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The obligation of practitioners to teach, mentor, and induct students into the art of healing is a professional and moral responsibility. The patient–practitioner relationship is critical in good patient care, and students’ involvement must only occur with full disclosure and the patient’s informed consent. The patient’s autonomous informed consent, the practitioner’s beneficent provision of care with the avoidance of maleficent harm, and the public’s legislative authority to only authorize licensed practitioners to practice healthcare must always be respected. Unlicensed students must not make independent healthcare judgments, prescribe drugs, or write orders, and they must not be misrepresented when being introduced to the patient. The student must always be under the supervision of the attending practitioner and must not cross the line of practicing medicine without a license. Students must respect the public trust and recognize the privilege of being in the healthcare profession.
National strategies and plans for the prevention of suicide
Authors: Manoel Bertolote José 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In 1996, the United Nations (UN) published a seminal document jointly produced by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the UN on ‘Suicide Prevention: Guidelines for the Formulation and Implementation of National Strategies’. In this document, suicide was recognized as a major ‘social and economic problem affecting several nations’. The document was the product of a meeting organized in 1993 by the UN and the WHO, held in Calgary and Banff, Canada, with participants and observers from 13 countries. It was the first time the UN and the WHO declared, based on the best evidence available at the time, that suicide was a major public health problem that deserved not only sanitary, but also political, attention. This chapter will cover the national strategies and plans for the prevention of suicide that are undertaken in some countries around the world.