bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TaxaGloss - A Glossary and Translation Tool for Biodiversity Studies
Authors: Collin Rachel , Fredericq Suzanne , Freshwater D. Wilson , Gilbert Edward , Madrid Maycol , Maslakova Svetlana , Miglietta Maria Pia , Rocha Rosana , Rodríguez Estefanía , Thacker Robert 
Published: December 2016

Correctly identifying organisms is key to most biological research, and is especially critical in areas of biodiversity and conservation. Yet it remains one of the greatest challenges when studying all but the few well-established model systems. The challenge is in part due to the fact that most species have yet to be described, vanishing taxonomic expertise and the relative inaccessibility of taxonomic information. Furthermore, identification keys and other taxonomic resources are based on complex, taxon-specific vocabularies used to describe important morphological characters. Using these resources is made difficult by the fact that taxonomic documentation of the world's biodiversity is an international endeavour, and keys and field guides are not always available in the practitioner's native language.
To address this challenge, we have developed a publicly available on-line illustrated multilingual glossary and translation tool for technical taxonomic terms using the Symbiota Software Project biodiversity platform. Illustrations, photographs and translations have been sourced from the global community of taxonomists working with marine invertebrates and seaweeds. These can be used as single-language illustrated glossaries or to make customized translation tables. The glossary has been launched with terms and illustrations of seaweeds, tunicates, sponges, hydrozoans, sea anemones, and nemerteans, and already includes translations into seven languages for some groups. Additional translations and development of terms for more taxa are underway, but the ultimate utility of this tool depends on active participation of the international taxonomic community.
Pour une histoire des femmes à la Banque impériale ottomane : de l'empire pluriethnique à l'État-nation
Authors: Tanatar Baruh Lorans 
Published: December 2016

Les archives de la direction du personnel de la Banque ottomane constituent une source unique composée de quelque 6 000 dossiers personnels d'employé(e)s. Ces dossiers individuels, complétés souvent par de la correspondance jettent une lumière précise sur la politique de recrutement et sur l'évolution de l'organisation interne de la Banque de la fin du xix e siècle au début des années 1930, quand la Banque a cessé d'assurer les fonctions d'une banque centrale. Comme toute banque d'émission impériale, la Banque ottomane se caractérise par une organisation multinationale et multi-ethnique. Elle se définit aussi par le rôle de ses dirigeants d'origine étrangère et par une culture d'entreprise de nature paternaliste. Ces traits sont ici mis au jour à travers une analyse des employées féminines de la Banque des années 1910 aux années 1930.
Mots, nostalgies, textures
Authors: Malamoud Charles 
Published: December 2016

Introduire dans les contenus et les modes d'expression de sa propre pensée, quand on n'est pas Indien, des notions venues de l'Inde : ces transferts peuvent avoir la forme de simples emprunts de vocabulaire, ils peuvent porter aussi sur des doctrines ou des corpus narratifs. On examine ici quelques exemples très disparates de ce recours à l'Inde, choisis dans les littératures française et allemande du xx e siècle.
Une République mondiale de l’administration ? Circulations internationales, sciences de gouvernement et réforme administrative (1910-1945)
Authors: Payre Renaud 
Published: December 2016

Dans l’entre-deux-guerres, une communauté d’acteurs – à la croisée entre haute administration et université – s’est constituée au niveau international autour de la nécessité de former les administrateurs et de fonder une science de l’administration envisagée comme un levier de la réforme administrative. Cette « République de l’Administration » visait plus largement à renforcer l’administration dans un État libéral. L’article revient sur les intentions politiques de ces réformateurs cherchant à favoriser une plus grande efficacité de l’action publique et une place plus centrale des experts administratifs. Mais les propos s’attardent également sur l’absence de réelle circulation internationale au sein de cette communauté. Le projet de cette République de l’Administration restera en grande partie inachevé tant les prétentions scientifiques, les objectifs politiques et les visées géopolitiques n’étaient pas les mêmes des deux côtés de l’Atlantique. La rencontre internationale entre les protagonistes des différents pays n’a pas eu lieu.
Participatory Action Research in the Field of Neonatal Intensive Care: Developing An Intervention to Meet the Fathers’ Needs. A Case Study
Authors: Noergaard Betty , Johannessen Helle , Fenger-Gron Jesper , Kofoed Poul-Erik , Ammentorp Jette 
Published: December 2016

Background In neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) health care professionals typically give most of their attention to the infants and the mothers while many fathers feel uncertain and have an unmet need for support and guidance. This paper describes and discusses participatory action research (PAR) as a method to improve NICUs’ service for fathers. Our goal is to develop a father-friendly NICU where both the needs of fathers and mothers are met using an approach based on PAR that involves fathers, mothers, interdisciplinary healthcare professionals, and managers. Design and methods This PAR process was carried out from August 2011 to July 2013 and included participant observations, semi-structured interviews, multi sequential interviews, workshops, focus groups, group discussion, and a seminar. The theoretical framework of validity described by Herr and Anderson's three criteria; process-, democratic-, and catalytic validity were used to discuss this PAR. Results Twelve fathers, 11 mothers, 48 health professionals and managers participated in the PAR process. The collaboration ensured the engagement for viable and constructive local changes to be used in designing the concept of the father friendly NICU. Conclusions This paper contributed new knowledge of how PAR can be used to ensure that participants engaged in the field are involved in the entire process; consequently, this will ensure that the changes are feasible and sustainable.
Intentional and Unintentional Medication Non-Adherence in Hypertension: The Role of Health Literacy, Empowerment and Medication Beliefs
Authors: Náfrádi Lilla , Galimberti Elisa , Nakamoto Kent , Schulz Peter J. 
Published: December 2016

Background Medication non-adherence is a major public health issue, creating obstacles to effective treatment of hypertension. Examining the underlying factors of deliberate and non-deliberate non-adherence is crucial to address this problem. Thus, the goal of the present study is to assess the socio-demographic, clinical and psychological determinants of intentional and unintentional non-adherence. Design and methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between March, 2015 and April, 2016. The sample consisted of hypertension patients holding at least one medical prescription (N=109). Measurements assessed patients’ medication adherence, health literacy, empowerment, self-efficacy, medication beliefs, and patients’ acceptance of their doctor's advice, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Results Patients who occasionally engaged in either intentional or unintentional non-adherence reported to have lower adherence selfefficacy, higher medication concern beliefs, lower meaningfulness scores and were less likely to accept the doctor's treatment recommendations. Patients who occasionally engaged in unintentional nonadherence were younger and had experienced more side effects compared to completely adherent patients. Adherence self-efficacy was a mediator of the effect of health literacy on patients’ medication adherence and acceptance of the doctor's advice was a covariate. Conclusions Regarding the research implications, health literacy and adherence self-efficacy should be assessed simultaneously when investigating the factors of non-adherence. Regarding the practical implications, adherence could be increased if physicians i) doublecheck whether their patients accept the treatment advice given and ii) if they address patients’ concerns about medications. These steps could be especially important for patients characterized with lower self-efficacy, as they are more likely to engage in occasional nonadherence.
Skin: A mirror of internal malignancy
Authors: Vora Rita V , Kota RahulKrishna S , Diwan Nilofar G , Jivani Nidhi B , Gandhi Shailee S 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSkin manifestations are a reflection of many of the internal diseases. Sometimes, skin disease may be the only manifestation of the internal disease. Internal malignancies may give rise to a number of cutaneous manifestations through their immunological, metabolic, and metastatic consequences. Curth proposed criteria to establish a causal relationship between a dermatosis and a malignant internal disease. Malignancy can present with a plethora of cutaneous manifestations. Here, we describe in brief about various skin manifestations of internal malignancies.
Should every patient with pancreatic cancer receive perioperative/neoadjuvant therapy?
Authors: Nitsche Ulrich , Kong Bo , Balmert Alexander , Friess Helmut , Kleeff Jörg 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive disease, and medical as well as surgical therapeutic options are limited. This article reviews stage dependent treatment options, with a special focus on the current controversy of perioperative treatment regimens in initially borderline resectable or locally advanced patients. Neoadjuvant treatment can potentially increase the rate of complete tumor resection and may be more effective than adjuvant systemic therapy. Further, in the case of disease progression during or after neoadjuvant therapy, patients can be spared extensive surgery. Today, common therapeutic regimens include gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel and FOLFIRINOX, as well as chemoradiation. However, because of the paucity of evidence from randomized trials, most guidelines do not recommend neoadjuvant therapy in resectable tumors, and for borderline or locally advanced tumors only within clinical trials. Importantly, every patient should be discussed in multidisciplinary tumor boards.
Status of barium studies in the present era of oncology: Are they a history?
Authors: Mahajan Abhishek , Desai Subash , Sable Nilesh Pandurang , Thakur Meenakshi Haresh 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWith the advent of the modern imaging technologies, the present era of oncology is seeing steady decline in requests for barium studies due to the many reasons. It is prudent to mention here, that, barium examinations cannot be made obsolete! Our aim to preserve the age old technique of barium studies not only to keep it going on but also for the betterment and appropriate management of the patient. Our goal is not to “save” barium studies simply to keep this technology alive, per se, but rather to preserve barium radiology for the quality in patient care.
A rare case of lung cancer presenting as an ischioanal fossa mass
Authors: Shetty Nishitha , Singh Ranvijay , Naveed Maryam , Ronghe Ashwini M , Barot Falguni Shashikant 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLung cancer metastasis commonly involves the adrenal glands, liver, bone, and brain. However, it can have some rarer forms of metastatic presentation making diagnosis difficult, especially in nonsmokers. We describe a rare case of lung cancer with metastasis to the ischioanal fossa. Overall, this case emphasizes that consideration should be given to wide range of diagnosis in atypical cases of anorectal masses. Lung cancer presenting as an ischioanal mass is not reported so far.
Different Treatment Modalities in the Treatment of Childhood Lichen Planus
Authors: Nischal Urmila , Kharkar Vidya 
Published: December 2016

Introduction:
Although rarely described in the Western literature, childhood lichen planus (LP) is noticed much more frequently in the Indian subcontinent. Oral and potent topical corticosteroids commonly used for the treatment of childhood LP can result in significant side effects.

Methods:
In a open non-randomized follow up study of 49 children, various treatment modalities were tried based on inclusion exclusion criteria.

Results:
A total of 49 children had generalized or localized LP, of which 5 patients did not complete prescribed therapy. Out of 25 patients who were started with oral dapsone, a total of 20 patients completed therapy. These patients showed a significant improvement showing relief from itching associated with flattening of lesions. Complete response was seen in three-fourth of metronidazole-treated patients by 20 weeks. Remaining 11 patients who were treated oral, topical, or intralesional therapy also showed improvement as predicted. Dapsone and metronidazole therapy did not result in any side effects in this study.

Conclusion:
Dapsone can be utilized as an effective steroid-sparing agent in the treatment of childhood LP.
Assessing performance and seasonal bias of pollen-based climate reconstructions in a perfect model world
Authors: Rehfeld Kira , Trachsel Mathias , Telford Richard J. , Laepple Thomas 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Reconstructions of summer, winter or annual mean temperatures based on the species composition of bio-indicators such as pollen, foraminifera or chironomids are routinely used in climate model–proxy data comparison studies. Most reconstruction algorithms exploit the joint distribution of modern spatial climate and species distribution for the development of the reconstructions. They rely on the space-for-time substitution and the specific assumption that environmental variables other than those reconstructed are not important or that their relationship with the reconstructed variable(s) should be the same in the past as in the modern spatial calibration dataset. Here we test the implications of this “correlative uniformitarianism” assumption on climate reconstructions in an ideal model world, in which climate and vegetation are known at all times. The alternate reality is a climate simulation of the last 6000 years with dynamic vegetation. Transient changes of plant functional types are considered as surrogate pollen counts and allow us to establish, apply and evaluate transfer functions in the modeled world. We find that in our model experiments the transfer function cross validation r2 is of limited use to identify reconstructible climate variables, as it only relies on the modern spatial climate–vegetation relationship. However, ordination approaches that assess the amount of fossil vegetation variance explained by the reconstructions are promising. We furthermore show that correlations between climate variables in the modern climate–vegetation relationship are systematically extended into the reconstructions. Summer temperatures, the most prominent driving variable for modeled vegetation change in the Northern Hemisphere, are accurately reconstructed. However, the amplitude of the model winter and mean annual temperature cooling between the mid-Holocene and present day is overestimated and similar to the summer trend in magnitude. This effect occurs because temporal changes of a dominant climate variable, such as summer temperatures in the model's Arctic, are imprinted on a less important variable, leading to reconstructions biased towards the dominant variable's trends. Our results, although based on a model vegetation that is inevitably simpler than reality, indicate that reconstructions of multiple climate variables based on modern spatial bio-indicator datasets should be treated with caution. Expert knowledge on the ecophysiological drivers of the proxies, as well as statistical methods that go beyond the cross validation on modern calibration datasets, are crucial to avoid misinterpretation.
Effects and consideration of storm movement in rainfall–runoff modelling at the basin scale
Authors: Sigaroodi Shahram Khalighi , Chen Qiuwen 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. A number of studies have emphasized the effects of rainfall movement on runoff simulation; nevertheless, due to the lack of rain gauges inside sub-basins, a method using a hyetograph of the nearest gauges to a sub-basin is usually employed. This study investigated the effects of neglecting rainfall movement on overland simulation results in even a middle-sized basin. Simulations were carried out under two conditions: (1) stationary conditions where the nearest gauge hyetograph was used and rainfall movement was ignored, which is quite common in the case of a lack of data, and (2) moving conditions where a shifted hyetograph based on hyetograph timing recorded in the basin was used. The simulation results were compared with the measured discharge at the outlets. The results revealed that using the shifted hyetograph, which could consider the rainfall movement over sub-basins, decreased the mismatches between the simulated and observed hydrograph. In some of the cases, the shifted hyetograph reduced the relative difference more than 20 %. The study provided a useful method to cope with rainfall movement in runoff modelling of sparsely gauged large watersheds.
Radiocarbon dating of glacier ice: overview, optimisation, validation and potential
Authors: Uglietti Chiara , Zapf Alexander , Jenk Theo Manuel , Sigl Michael , Szidat Sönke , Salazar Gary , Schwikowski Margit 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. High-altitude glaciers and ice caps from midlatitudes and tropical regions contain valuable signals of past climatic and environmental conditions as well as human activities, but for a meaningful interpretation this information needs to be placed in a precise chronological context. For dating the upper part of ice cores from such sites, several relatively precise methods exist, but they fail in the older and deeper parts, where plastic deformation of the ice results in strong annual layer thinning and a non-linear age–depth relationship. If sufficient organic matter such as plant, wood or insect fragments were found, radiocarbon (14C) analysis would have thus been the only option for a direct and absolute dating of deeper ice core sections. However such fragments are rarely found and, even then, they would not be very likely to occur at the desired depth and resolution. About 10 years ago, a new, complementary dating tool was therefore introduced by our group. It is based on extracting the µg-amounts of the water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) fraction of carbonaceous aerosols embedded in the ice matrix for subsequent 14C dating. Since then this new approach has been improved considerably by reducing the measurement time and improving the overall precision. Samples with ∼ 10 µg WIOC mass can now be dated with reasonable uncertainty of around 10–20 % (variable depending on sample age). This requires about 300 to 800 g of ice for WIOC concentrations typically found in midlatitude and low-latitude glacier ice. Dating polar ice with satisfactory age precision is still not possible since WIOC concentrations are around 1 order of magnitude lower. The accuracy of the WIOC 14C method was validated by applying it to independently dated ice. With this method, the deepest parts of the ice cores from Colle Gnifetti and the Mt Ortles glacier in the European Alps, Illimani glacier in the Bolivian Andes, Tsambagarav ice cap in the Mongolian Altai, and Belukha glacier in the Siberian Altai have been dated. In all cases a strong annual layer thinning towards the bedrock was observed and the oldest ages obtained were in the range of 10 000 years. WIOC 14C dating was not only crucial for interpretation of the embedded environmental and climatic histories, but additionally gave a better insight into glacier flow dynamics close to the bedrock and past glacier coverage. For this the availability of multiple dating points in the deepest parts was essential, which is the strength of the presented WIOC 14C dating method, allowing determination of absolute ages from principally every piece of ice.
Reseña. María Auxiliadora Balladares, Todos en un abrir y cerrar de ojos. El claroscuro en la poesía de Blanca Varela. Quito: PUCE, 2015.
Authors: Mosquera Fabian Dario 
Published: December 2016

Reseña sobre libro de Maria Auxiliadora Balladares En un abrir y cerrar de ojos
The Cinematic Bergson: From Virtual Image to Actual Gesture
Authors: Ó Maoilearca John 
Published: December 2016

Deleuze’s film-philosophy makes much of the notion of virtual images in Bergson’s Matter and Memory, but in doing so he transforms a psycho-meta-physical thesis into a (very) unBergsonian ontological one. In this essay, we will offer a corrective by exploring Bergson’s own explanation of the image as an “attitude of the body”—something that projects an actual, corporeal, and postural approach, not only to cinema, but also to philosophy. Indeed, just as Renoir famously said that “a director makes only one movie in his life. Then he breaks it into pieces and makes it again,” so Bergson wrote that each philosopher only makes one “single point” throughout his or her whole career. And this one point, he then declares, is like a “vanishing image,” only one best understood as an attitude of the body. It is embodied image that underlies an alternative Bergsonian cinema of the actual and the body—one that we will examine through what Bergson’s has to say about “attitude” as well as “gesture” and “mime.” We will also look at it through a gestural concept enacted by a film, to be precise, the five remakes that comprise Lars von Trier’s and Jørgen Leth’s The Five Obstructions (2003). This will bring us back to the idea of what it is that is being remade, both by directors and philosophers, in Renoir’s “one film” and Bergson’s singular “vanishing image” respectively. Is the “one” being remade an image understood as a representation, or is it a gesture, understood as a bodily movement? It is the latter stance that provides a wholly new and alternative view of Bergson’s philosophy of cinema.
Governance in Blockchain Technologies & Social Contract Theories
Authors: Reijers Wessel , O'Brolcháin Fiachra , Haynes Paul 
Published: December 2016

This paper is placed in the context of a growing number of social and political critiques of blockchain technologies. We focus on the supposed potential of blockchain technologies to transform political institutions that are central to contemporary human societies, such as money, property rights regimes, and systems of democratic governance. Our aim is to examine the way blockchain technologies canbring about - and justify - new models of governance. To do so, we draw on the philosophical works of Hobbes, Rousseau, and Rawls, analyzing blockchain governance in terms of contrasting social contract theories. We begin by comparing the justifications of blockchain governance offered by members of the blockchain developers’ community with the justifications of governance presented within social contract theories. We then examine the extent to which the model of governance offered by blockchain technologies reflects key governance themes and assumptions located within social contract theories, focusing on the notions of sovereignty, the initial situation, decentralization and distributive justice.