bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Statistical Survey of E‐Region Anomalous Electron Heating Using Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar Observations
Authors: Zhang Yizhe , Varney Roger H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis work presents an algorithm for automatic detection of anomalous electron heating (AEH) events in the auroral E‐region ionosphere using data from the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR). The algorithm considers both E‐region electron temperature and magnetically conjugate electric field measurements. Application of this algorithm to 14 years of PFISR data spanning 2010 through 2023 detected 505 AEH events. Measured electron temperatures increase linearly with plasma drift speeds. Statistical trends of AEH occurrence as a function of space weather indices (AE and F10.7) demonstrate correlations with the solar cycle and geomagnetic activity levels. The magnetic local time occurrence rates show preferences for dusk and dawn with most events in the dusk sector. Observed AEH events tend to appear in regions of relatively low electron density and do not appear inside intense auroral arcs with high electron density. Furthermore, AEH detection requires a higher electric field than predicted by the threshold for a positive growth rate of the Farley‐Buneman instability (FBI), according to linear fluid theory. The implications of these findings for kinetic theories of FBI and AEH are discussed.
Distinct stabilization of the human T cell leukemia virus type 1 immature Gag lattice
Authors: Obr Martin , Percipalle Mathias , Chernikova Darya , Yang Huixin , Thader Andreas , Pinke Gergely , Porley Dario , Mansky Louis M. , Dick Robert A. , Schur Florian K. M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) immature particles differ in morphology from other retroviruses, suggesting a distinct way of assembly. Here we report the results of cryo-electron tomography studies of HTLV-1 virus-like particles assembled in vitro, as well as derived from cells. This work shows that HTLV-1 uses a distinct mechanism of Gag–Gag interactions to form the immature viral lattice. Analysis of high-resolution structural information from immature capsid (CA) tubular arrays reveals that the primary stabilizing component in HTLV-1 is the N-terminal domain of CA. Mutagenesis analysis supports this observation. This distinguishes HTLV-1 from other retroviruses, in which the stabilization is provided primarily by the C-terminal domain of CA. These results provide structural details of the quaternary arrangement of Gag for an immature deltaretrovirus and this helps explain why HTLV-1 particles are morphologically distinct.
Insights into particle dispersion and damage mechanisms in functionally graded metal matrix composites with random microstructure-based finite element model
Authors: Naguib M. E. , Gad S. I. , Megahed M. , Agwa M. A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of $$\mathrm {Al_2O_3}$$

Al
2

O
3

particle volume fraction and distribution on the deformation and damage of particle-reinforced metal matrix composites, particularly in the context of functionally graded metal matrix composites. In this study, a two-dimensional nonlinear random microstructure-based finite element modeling approach implemented in ABAQUS/Explicit with a Python-generated script to analyze the deformation and damage mechanisms in $$\mathrm{AA6061\mbox{-}T6/Al_2O_{3}}$$

AA
6061
-
T
6
/

Al
2

O
3

composites. The plastic deformation and ductile cracking of the matrix are captured using the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman model, whereas particle fracture is modelled using the Johnson–Holmquist II model. Matrix-particle interface decohesion is simulated using the surface-based cohesive zone method. The findings reveal that functionally graded metal matrix composites exhibit higher hardness values ($$\textrm{HRB}$$
HRB
) than traditional metal matrix composites. The results highlight the importance of functionally graded metal matrix composites. Functionally graded metal matrix composites with a Gaussian distribution and a particle volume fraction of 10% achieve $$\textrm{HRB}$$
HRB
values comparable to particle-reinforced metal matrix composites with a particle volume fraction of 20%, with only a 2% difference in $$\textrm{HRB}$$
HRB
. Thus, $$\textrm{HRB}$$
HRB
can be improved significantly by employing a low particle volume fraction and incorporating a Gaussian distribution across the material thickness. Furthermore, functionally graded metal matrix composites with a Gaussian distribution exhibit higher $$\textrm{HRB}$$
HRB
values and better agreement with experimental distribution functions when compared to those with a power-law distribution.
Activation of an atypical plant NLR with an N-terminal deletion initiates cell death at the vacuole
Authors: Sunil Sruthi , Beeh Simon , Stöbbe Eva , Fischer Kathrin , Wilhelm Franziska , Meral Aron , Paris Celia , Teasdale Luisa , Jiang Zhihao , Zhang Lisha , Urban Moritz , Aguilar Parras Emmanuel , Nürnberger Thorsten , Weigel Detlef , Lozano-Duran Rosa , El Kasmi Farid 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPlants evolve nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) to induce immunity. Activated coiled-coil (CC) domain containing NLRs (CNLs) oligomerize and form apparent cation channels promoting calcium influx and cell death, with the alpha-1 helix of the individual CC domains penetrating the plasma membranes. Some CNLs are characterized by putative N-myristoylation and S-acylation sites in their CC domain, potentially mediating permanent membrane association. Whether activated Potentially Membrane Localized NLRs (PMLs) mediate cell death and calcium influx in a similar way is unknown. We uncovered the cell-death function at the vacuole of an atypical but conserved Arabidopsis PML, PML5, which has a significant deletion in its CCG10/GA domain. Active PML5 oligomers localize in Golgi membranes and the tonoplast, alter vacuolar morphology, and induce cell death, with the short N-terminus being sufficient. Mutant analysis supports a potential role of PMLs in plant immunity. PML5-like deletions are found in several Brassicales paralogs, pointing to the evolutionary importance of this innovation. PML5, with its minimal CC domain, represents the first identified CNL utilizing vacuolar-stored calcium for cell death induction.
Resource allocation scheduling scheme for task migration and offloading in 6G Cybertwin internet of vehicles based on DRL
Authors: Wei Rui , Qin Tuanfa , Huang Jinbao , Yang Ying , Ren Junyu , Yang Lei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs vehicular technology advances, intelligent vehicles generate numerous computation‐intensive tasks, challenging the computational resources of both the vehicles and the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Traditional IoV struggles with fixed network structures and limited scalability, unable to meet the growing computational demands and next‐generation mobile communication technologies. In congested areas, near‐end Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) resources are often overtaxed, while far‐end MEC servers are underused, resulting in poor service quality. A novel network framework utilizing sixth‐generation mobile communication (6G) and digital twin technologies, combined with task migration, promises to alleviate these inefficiencies. To address these challenges, a task migration and re‐offloading model based on task attribute classification is introduced, employing a hybrid deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm—Dueling Double Q Network DDPG (QDPG). This algorithm merges the strengths of the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) and the Dueling Double Deep Q‐Network (D3QN), effectively handling continuous and discrete action domains to optimize task migration and re‐offloading in IoV. The inclusion of the Mini Batch K‐Means algorithm enhances learning efficiency and optimization in the DRL algorithm. Experimental results show that QDPG significantly boosts task efficiency and computational performance, providing a robust solution for resource allocation in IoV.
Trans-becoming: decoding interactionist trans identity in Nagarkirtan (2019) and Chitrangada: The Crowning Wish (2012)
Authors: Pillai Rachana S , Sreenivasulu Yadamala 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe unique characteristics of Indian trans-identity are shaped by cultural intricacies, setting it apart from its Western counterparts. Despite facing marginalisation in mainstream Indian society, the intricacies of their constructed trans-culture further complicate their experiences. According to the interactionist perspective of gender identity within sociological theory, an individual’s interactions with peers, family, and society influence the development of their gender identity. Examining this concept within the diverse Indian context reveals the significant nuances of Indian trans-identity. Two Bengali-Indian films, Kaushik Ganguly’s Nagarkirtan (2019) and Rituparno Ghosh’s Chitrangada: The Crowning Wish (2012), depict the intense and challenging journeys of individuals embracing their trans identities. This research aims to analyse the films from an interactionist perspective, exploring how the Indian cultural discourses portrayed in the films influence the formation of trans identities. The findings suggest that the development of trans identity involves complex processes influenced by social interactions, where conflicts between one’s generalised self and instinctual self arise due to sexual digression. Additionally, this study indicates that the sexual scripting of trans individuals is influenced by various factors, including class, culture, financial status, and social position, making it challenging to conform to the binary gender script of a normalised society. This qualitative research utilises the Interactionist theory of gender identity to analyse the two Bengali-Indian films.
Diversity trends among faculty in STEM and non-STEM fields at selective public universities in the U.S. from 2016 to 2023
Authors: Baker Sofia P. , Koedel Cory 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDuring the 2015–2016 academic year, racial protests swept across college campuses in the U.S. These protests were followed by large university investments in initiatives to promote diversity, which combined with existing diversity dynamics, have helped to shape recent faculty diversity trends. We document diversity trends among faculty in STEM and non-STEM fields since the protests in 2015–2016. We find that recent diversity trends are narrowing the gender gap among faculty in STEM and non-STEM fields, but widening racial-ethnic gaps, especially among Black faculty. A large body of prior research suggests these trends will affect students’ college experiences and how they choose majors.
Comparative study of structural, opto-electronic properties of Cs2TiX6-based single halide double perovskite solar cells: computational and experimental approach
Authors: Chakraborty Kunal , Medikondu Nageswara Rao , Kanakavalli Prakash Babu , Kamesh Vinjamuri Venkata , Das Sudipta , Choudhury Mahua Gupta , Paul Samrat 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This research work represents a comparative study of the structural, optical, and electronic properties of Cs2TiX6 single halide perovskite solar cell (PSC). The entire work has been carried out by experimental work under ambient conditions and followed by the DFT method. Absorbing material structural parameters (lattice constant, shape), and band gap energy can be easily estimated from the DFT approach which can be compared with the result of experimental work. Our study shows Cs2TiBr6 PSC has better band gap energy of 1.80 eV (numerically) and 1.82 eV (experimentally), open circuit voltage 0.58 V, short circuit current 2.55 mA cm−2 for the photovoltaic application. Also, the higher Zeta potential value of Cs2TiBr6 PSC indicates that it has better material stability and is less volatile compared to Cs2TiI6, Cs2TiCl6, and Cs2TiF6 PSCs. TEM images and the SAED pattern of the active layers show a higher degree of crystallite nature of the PSCs.On the other look, investigated PSC materials Cs2TiBr6, Cs2TiI6, Cs2TiCl6, and Cs2TiF6 have shown visible light emission edges at 358 nm, 375 nm, 363 nm, 735 nm wavelength, and the optical performance area of the Cs2TiBr6, Cs2TiI6, Cs2TiCl6, Cs2TiF6 samples is recorded up to 700 nm, 760 nm, 540 nm, and 660 nm wavelength, respectively.
Monte Carlo simulation study of a novel neutron resonance radiography method for oxygen identification in oxides and composite materials
Authors: Tian B.B. , Jiang B. , Jing H.T. , Yan M.F. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A novel imaging mode of neutron resonance radiography for the identification and mapping of oxygen element is firstly proposed based on the Back-n beamline at CSNS. The method utilizes a 10B-enriched conversion layer that converts transmitted neutrons to gamma rays. The emitted characteristic 478-keV prompt gamma rays are then collimated by a pinhole device and imaged. The energy-selective operation of transmitted neutrons via time-of-flight (TOF) measurement is performed by detecting 478-keV prompt gamma rays as a function of neutron TOF. This work shows the viability of the proposed imaging method for oxygen identification by Monte Carlo simulation.
Recalibrated projections of the Hadley circulation under global warming
Authors: Wu Mingna , Li Chao , Zhang Zhongshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Climate models project a weakening and expansion of the Hadley circulation (HC) under global warming but with considerable spread in the magnitude of these changes. Here, utilizing models from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), we illustrate how the variance in projected changes in the HC arises from equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) uncertainty across models. Models with higher ECS project a greater extent of static stability increase hence larger HC changes. Using the best estimate of ECS with value of 3 K (∼2.5–4.0 K) to constrain the HC projection, we reveal that the constrained projection yields a 15% (11%) decrease in the weakening (poleward shift) of the HC in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere compared to the multimodel mean under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. The corresponding projection uncertainty is reduced by about 77.4% and 75.6%, respectively. Our results indicate a smaller-than-expected change in the HC in response to increased CO2 concentrations.
Dynamic tailoring large-area surface plasmon polariton excitation
Authors: Peña Ramírez Aldo , Zhai Tingting , Salas-Montiel Rafael , Ruiz Cortés Víctor 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a method for dynamically changing the patterning of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excitation over a large area under spatially inhomogeneous polarized illumination. By illuminating a 1D gold grating with shallow rectangular grooves with a spatially structured polarization beam of near-infrared light (780 nm), we selectively excited SPPs on an extended area. The parameters used to fabricate the grating coupler, matched the wave vector of the incident light with that of the SPP to achieve an efficient coupling. The incident wave illuminating the grating is a spatially inhomogeneous polarized beam. We designed local polarization states to control the local excitation of the SPP in order to pattern large areas. For real-time local control of the polarization state of the extended incident beam, we used a setup with a spatial light modulator and quarter-wave plate.
“We Found Her at the River”
Authors: Tanielian Melanie Schulze 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on the discursive and practical strategies of German humanitarian work on behalf of Ottoman Armenians in the Eastern Mediterranean beginning in the 1890s. Unlike their British, French, and US counterparts, German humanitarians, restrained by their government’s pro-Ottoman politics, relied on mobilization and funding strategies that catered to an evangelical moral counterpublic. Pious journalism and educational efforts focused on individual stories and suffering and catered to both popular reading preferences and a devout audience, generating particular humanitarian fantasies, namely the pursuit of salvation through the rescue of distant others. These fantasies provided the raw material for the construction of an imagined humanitarian community solidified by an individualized one-to-one child sponsorship system involving the circulation of letters, photographs, blessings, moral instructions, and money. The donations of this pious Protestant counterpublic enabled the establishment of an enduring humanitarian project with the hallmarks of modern humanitarianism; it was international, bureaucratic, and perceived as permanent. The largely neglected German humanitarian efforts reveal the continuities between a post–World War I secular, permanent, institutionalized, solution-oriented humanitarian regime and the religious, supposedly “sporadic” missionary humanitarianism of the 19th century, as its established practices carried over into and inspired the work of the interwar period.
In vitro production of viable eggs from undeveloped oocytes in mouse preantral follicles by reconstructing granulosa cell–oocyte complexes
Authors: Kohama Tomohiro , Tomioka Ikuo , Morohaku Kanako 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In vitro culture of ungrown oocytes in preantral follicles is one of the intriguing subjects being pursued to produce viable eggs in assisted reproductive technology. Previous studies have succeeded in obtaining mature eggs after in vitro culture of preantral follicles, while denuded undeveloped oocytes, which are obtained occasionally when collecting preantral follicles, seem to be almost useless. Moreover, methods to culture them efficiently to produce viable eggs have not been established yet. The present study was conducted to demonstrate in vitro culture of mouse denuded undeveloped oocytes by reconstructing granulosa cell–oocyte complexes, and to analyze cellular communication in reconstructed granulosa cell–oocyte complexes. Single denuded undeveloped oocytes were aggregated with 1 × 104 granulosa cells in wells with U-shaped bottoms in a low-binding cell culture plate for 8 days under either 20% or 5% O2, and then the reconstructed granulosa cell–oocyte complexes formed were cultured on a collagen-coated culture membrane insert for 4 days under 5% O2. At day 8 of culture, the rates of reconstructed granulosa cell–oocyte complexes formation were significantly higher in the culture group under 5% O2 (64.9%) than that under 20% O2 (42.3%; P &lt; 0.001); furthermore, the formation of transzonal projections was observed. After maturation and fertilization, we produced matured eggs and blastocysts at higher rates (&gt;90% and 61.9%, respectively) in the group cultured under 5% O2. After transferring 126 two- to four-cell stage embryos, six live pups were obtained. This is the first report that demonstrates production of viable eggs after in vitro culture of denuded undeveloped oocytes from preantral follicles by reconstruction of granulosa cell–oocyte complexes.
Research on convex resource allocation scheduling with exponential time-dependent learning effects
Authors: Zhang Li-Han , Yang Shu-Han , Lv Dan-Yang , Wang Ji-Bo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article addresses two scheduling problems with resource allocations and learning effects on a single machine, meaning the actual processing time of a job is a nonincreasing and continuous function of the total job parameter relating to the processed jobs and the amount of resource allocation. Our first problem is to find a job sequence and resource allocations that lead to a minimization of the weighted sum of total completion-time cost and total resource-consumption cost. The second problem is to minimize the total completion-time cost subject to the total resource-consumption cost is bounded. For a special case, we prove that both these problems are polynomially solvable. Generally, we propose some heuristic algorithms and a branch-and-bound algorithm to solve the problems.
Hypoxia Tolerance of Two Killifish Species
Authors: Thomas Peyton A , Kinsey Stephen T 
Published: September 2024

Synopsis
Hypoxia tolerance in aquatic ectotherms involves a suite of behavioral and physiological responses at the organismal, tissue, and cellular levels. The current study evaluated two closely related killifish species (Fundulus heteroclitus, Fundulus majalis) to evaluate responses to acute moderate and acute severe hypoxia. Routine metabolic rate and loss of equilibrium were assessed, followed by analysis in skeletal muscle of markers of oxidative damage to proteins (2,4-DNPH), lipids (4-HNE), and DNA (8-OHdG), hypoxia signaling (HIF1α, HIF2α), cellular energy state (p-AMPK: AMPK), and protein degradation (Ubiquitin, LC3B, Calpain 2, Hsp70). Both species had a similar reduction in metabolic rate at low PO2. However, F. heteroclitus was the more hypoxia-tolerant species based on a lower PO2 at which there was loss of equilibrium, perhaps due in part to a lower oxygen demand at all oxygen tensions. Despite the differences in hypoxia tolerance between the species, skeletal muscle molecular markers were largely insensitive to hypoxia, and there were few differences in responses between the species. Thus, the metabolic depression observed at the whole animal level appears to limit perturbations in skeletal muscle in both species during the hypoxia treatments.
MYC-dependent upregulation of the de novo serine and glycine synthesis pathway is a targetable metabolic vulnerability in group 3 medulloblastoma
Authors: Adiamah Magretta , Poole Bethany , Lindsey Janet C , Kohe Sarah , Morcavallo Alaide , Burté Florence , Hill Rebecca M , Blair Helen , Thompson Dean , Singh Mankaran , Swartz Shanel , Crosier Stephen , Zhang Tong , Maddocks Oliver D K , Peet Andrew , Chesler Louis , Hickson Ian , Maxwell Ross J , Clifford Steven C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Group 3 medulloblastoma (MBGRP3) represents around 25% of medulloblastomas and is strongly associated with c-MYC (MYC) amplification, which confers significantly worse patient survival. Although elevated MYC expression is a significant molecular feature in MBGRP3, direct targeting of MYC remains elusive, and alternative strategies are needed. The metabolic landscape of MYC-driven MBGRP3 is largely unexplored and may offer novel opportunities for therapies.

Methods
To study MYC-induced metabolic alterations in MBGRP3, we depleted MYC in isogenic cell-based model systems, followed by 1H high-resolution magic-angle spectroscopy (HRMAS) and stable isotope-resolved metabolomics, to assess changes in intracellular metabolites and pathway dynamics.

Results
Steady-state metabolic profiling revealed consistent MYC-dependent alterations in metabolites involved in one-carbon metabolism such as glycine. 13C-glucose tracing further revealed a reduction in glucose-derived serine and glycine (de novo synthesis) following MYC knockdown, which coincided with lower expression and activity of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), the rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway. Furthermore, MYC-overexpressing MBGRP3 cells were more vulnerable to pharmacological inhibition of PHGDH compared to those with low expression. Using in vivo tumor-bearing genetically engineered and xenograft mouse models, pharmacological inhibition of PHGDH increased survival, implicating the de novo serine/glycine synthesis pathway as a pro-survival mechanism sustaining tumor progression. Critically, in primary human medulloblastomas, increased PHGDH expression correlated strongly with both MYC amplification and poorer clinical outcomes.

Conclusions
Our findings support a MYC-induced dependency on the serine/glycine pathway in MBGRP3 that represents a novel therapeutic treatment strategy for this poor prognosis disease group.