bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient finite element method to estimate eddy current loss due to random interlaminar contacts in electrical sheets
Authors: Bikram Shah Sahas , Rasilo Paavo , Hakula Harri , Arkkio Antero 
Published: May 2017

AbstractElectrical sheets of electrical machines are laminated to reduce eddy current loss. However, a series of punching and pressing processes form random galvanic contacts at the edges of the sheets. These galvanic contacts are random in nature and cause an additional eddy current loss in the laminated cores. In this paper, a stochastic Galerkin finite element method is implemented to consider random interlaminar contacts in the magnetic vector potential formulation. The random interlaminar conductivities at the edges of the electrical sheets are approximated using a conductivity field and propagated through the finite element formulation. The spatial random variation of the conductivity causes the solution to be random, and hence, it is approximated by using a polynomial chaos expansion method. Finally, the additional eddy current losses due to the interlaminar contacts are estimated from a stochastic Galerkin method and compared with a Monte Carlo method. Accuracy and computation time of both models are discussed in the paper.
Numerical modeling and optimization on micro‐D electrical connector
Authors: Zeng Zhi , Zhou Zhiming , Li Xunbo , Tang Maolin , Peng Bei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMicro‐D electrical connectors are extremely crucial, highly reliable industrial devices in the fields of aerospace, military, and medicine. The geometry and size of the twisted wire contacts of micro‐D electrical connector are vital for its mechanical properties and structural stability. In this investigation, dynamics modeling, numerical simulation and experimental tests of the insertion‐extraction processes were applied on the twisted wire contacts of micro‐D electrical connector. The computer aided design and engineering (CAD‐CAE) parameterized models of the twisted‐wire contacts were developed, and the theoretical models were also built on the basis of the mechanics of the materials. Nonlinear dynamics simulation was performed by ANSYS/LS‐DYNA finite element software to analyze the force and stress distribution of the insertion‐extraction processes. The results showed that the insertion force (~0.34 N) was higher than the extraction force (~0.32 N), and the stress concentration occurred on the clamping end and the convex hull of the pin. The mechanical model and numerical simulation were then verified by the experimental tests. By the orthogonal test and the sequential quadratic programming optimization method, the insertion‐extraction forces could be reduced to obtain the optimal contacts structural parameters. This theoretical study will help researchers in the design, manufacture, and employment of micro‐D electrical connectors.
Evaluating the accuracy and economic value of a new test in the absence of a perfect reference test
Authors: Xie Xuanqian , Sinclair Alison , Dendukuri Nandini 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae (SP) pneumonia is often treated empirically as diagnosis is challenging because of the lack of a perfect test. Using BinaxNOW‐SP, a urinary antigen test, as an add‐on to standard cultures may not only increase diagnostic yield but also increase costs.ObjectiveTo estimate the sensitivity and specificity of BinaxNOW‐SP and subsequently estimate the cost‐effectiveness of adding BinaxNOW‐SP to the diagnostic work‐up.DesignWe fit a Bayesian latent‐class meta‐analysis model to obtain estimates of BinaxNOW‐SP accuracy that adjust for the imperfect accuracy of culture. Meta‐analysis results were combined with information on prevalence of SP pneumonia to estimate the number of patients who are correctly classified under competing diagnostic strategies. Taking into consideration the cost of antibiotics, we determined the incremental cost of adding BinaxNOW‐SP to the work‐up per case correctly diagnosed.ResultsThe BinaxNOW‐SP test had a pooled sensitivity of 0.74 (95% credible interval [CrI], 0.67‐0.83) and a pooled specificity of 0.96 (95% CrI, 0.92‐0.99). An overall increase in diagnostic accuracy of 6.2% due to the addition of BinaxNOW‐SP corresponded to an incremental cost per case correctly classified of $582 Canadian dollars.ConclusionsThe methods we have described allow us to evaluate the accuracy and economic value of a new test in the absence of a perfect reference test using an evidence‐based approach.
Genetic diversity, virulotyping and antimicrobial resistance susceptibility ofYersinia enterocoliticaisolated from pigs and porcine products in Malaysia
Authors: Thong Kwai Lin , Tan Lai Kuan , Ooi Peck Toung 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objectives of the present study were to determine the antimicrobial resistance, virulotypes and genetic diversity ofYersinia enterocoliticaisolated from uncooked porcine food and live pigs in Malaysia.RESULTSThirty‐two non‐repeatY. enterocoliticastrains of three bioserotypes (3 variant/O:3,n= 27;1B/O:8,n= 3;1A/O:5,n= 2) were analysed. Approximately 90% of strains were multidrug‐resistant with a multiple antibiotic resistance index < 0.2 and the majority of the strains were resistant to nalidixic acid, clindamycin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, tetracycline and amoxicillin.Yersinia enterocoliticacould be distinguished distinctly into three clusters by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, with each belonging to a particular bioserotype. Strains of 3 variant/O:3 were more heterogeneous than others. Eleven of the 15 virulence genes tested (hreP,virF,rfbC,myfA,sat,inv,ail,ymoA,ystA,tccC,yadA) andpYVvirulence plasmid were present in all the bioserotpe 3 variant/03 strains.CONCLUSIONThe occurrence of virulent strains ofY. enterocoliticain pigs and porcine products reiterated that pigs are important reservoirs forY. enterocolitica.The increasing trend of multidrug resistant strains is a public health concern. This is the first report on the occurrence of potential pathogenic and resistant strains ofY. enterocoliticain pigs in Malaysia. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of bioactive compounds in black table olives fermented with selected microbial starters
Authors: Durante Miriana , Tufariello Maria , Tommasi Luca , Lenucci Marcello Salvatore , Bleve Gianluca , Mita Giovanni 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDTable olives have been a component of the Mediterranean diet for centuries, with the trend for their consumption currently increasing worldwide. They are rich in bioactive molecules with nutritional, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory or hormone‐like properties. In the present study, the concentrations of phenolics, triterpenic acids, carotenoids and vitamins, as well as fatty acid profiles and antioxidant activity, were analyzed in the edible portion of black table olives (Olea europea L.) from Italian (Cellina di Nardò and Leccino) and Greek (Kalamàta and Conservolea) cultivars fermented with selected autochthonous starters and in the corresponding monovarietal olive oils.RESULTSOn a fresh weight basis, Cellina di Nardò and Leccino table olives showed the highest total phenolic content. No significant differences were found with respect to the levels of total triterpenic (maslinic and oleanolic) acids and vitamin E among cultivars. All table olives were characterized by high amounts of oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids. Oils were richer in lipophilic antioxidants (carotenoids and tocochromanols) than table olives, which, instead, showed a higher content of polyphenols and triterpenic acids than oils.CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrates that fermented table olives are an excellent natural source of unsaturated fatty acids, as well as being nutritionally important health‐promoting bioactive compounds. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in monosaccharides, organic acids and amino acids during Cabernet Sauvignon wine ageing based on a simultaneous analysis using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Ke , Lan Yi‐Bin , Zhu Bao‐Qing , Xiang Xiao‐Feng , Duan Chang‐Qing , Shi Ying 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDMonosaccharides, organic acids and amino acids are the important flavour‐related components in wines. The aim of this article is to develop and validate a method that could simultaneously analyse these compounds in wine based on silylation derivatisation and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), and apply this method to the investigation of the changes of these compounds and speculate upon their related influences on Cabernet Sauvignon wine flavour during wine ageing. This work presented a new approach for wine analysis and provided more information concerning red wine ageing.RESULTSThis method could simultaneously quantitatively analyse 2 monosaccharides, 8 organic acids and 13 amino acids in wine. A validation experiment showed good linearity, sensitivity, reproducibility and recovery. Multiple derivatives of five amino acids have been found but their effects on quantitative analysis were negligible, except for methionine. The evolution pattern of each category was different, and we speculated that the corresponding mechanisms involving microorganism activities, physical interactions and chemical reactions had a great correlation with red wine flavours during ageing.CONCLUSIONSimultaneously quantitative analysis of monosaccharides, organic acids and amino acids in wine was feasible and reliable and this method has extensive application prospects. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The design and optimization of lens array for LED backlight in LCD imaging engine of helmet‐mounted display
Authors: Feng Qibin , Li Qigong , Wang Yong , Wu Chenchen , Lv Guoqiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe light‐emitting diode has become the mainstream lightsource for backlight in the liquid crystal display imaging engine of helmet‐mounted display. The paper proposes a secondary‐optics‐based design to increase the luminance and obtain a uniform illumination. Based on a point lightsource, a single double‐freeform‐surface lens is firstly designed. Then an optimization is performed according to the theory of edge‐ray to improve the uniformity for planar source. As a result, the uniformity reaches 83.4% in a circular illumination with a diameter of 8 mm. Then the lens is cut and four rectangular lenses are combined to form a lens array. But the combination leads to a non‐uniformity. So a method of optimizing the light energy distribution on the target surface is proposed. Finally, the designed lens array is manufactured. The practical measurement results show that the luminance increases by 96.4% compared with the traditional backlight and that the non‐uniformity slightly decreases by 0.86%. The lens array designed in this paper presents high practicability for applications in helmet‐mounted display.
Position dependent surface quality in selective laser melting
Authors: Hitzler L. , Hirsch J. , Merkel M. , Hall W. , Öchsner A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAdditive manufacturing receives nowadays opulent attention in both media and ongoing research. In particular, the techniques involving full melting of the raw material, enabling the fabrication of directly deployable components, are of high interest. To date, there are still secondary influences which are yet to be considered, leading to substantial, mainly directional dependent, deviations. The study at hand investigated the surface roughness dependencies in plane, focusing on the interaction of the unidirectional inert gas stream with the irradiation sequence; more precisely the weld splashes emerging from the melt pool, and the resulting in plane pattern. The surface roughness of the upwards orientated faces revealed clear fluctuations, being lowest close to the gas‐inlet and also in the back area of the machine. Perpendicular to the fabrication plane aligned surfaces did not reveal any volatility regarding the inert gas stream. Increasing the energy density of the irradiation led to an increase in the surface roughness of all side faces, but to an improved roughness of the upwards facing surfaces coupled with a significant reduction in evident weld splashes.
Calibration of infrared (IR) camera for heat generation monitoring during abrasive electrodischarge grinding (AEDG)
Authors: Golabczak M. , Golabczak A. , Konstantynowicz A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe heat generation process during the abrasive electrodischarge grinding (AEDG) process is one of the most critical sub processes, sometimes settling the critical issue. Thus the need for precise evaluation of this process which can be done in different ways, exemplary with using the infrared (IR) camera, which in turn seems to be flexible and comfortable in use. But precise and reliable measurement with using an infrared camera is not so straightforward due to the problem of camera calibration. Even for relative expensive equipment of this kind, the self‐calibration is performed in a way which is not fully adequate for precise measurement. Here we propose to apply a precisely heated etalon as radiation temperature standard. The whole method is based upon comparison of two independent measurements, one of them treated as the reference standard due to the high precision and reliability of the thermocouple measurements. This comparison, accomplished with the strong help of numerical procedures, is performed between two surfaces, not points like during bolometric‐like measurements, taking into account specific generation of the thermal picture with using focal plane array (FPA) infrared sensor.
Creation of combined σ‐ϵ graphs for some engineering materials
Authors: Valíček J. , Harničárová M. , Kušnerová M. , Václavík V. , Kopal I. , Koštial P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the characterization of engineering materials according to stress‐strain diagrams, according to the basic material, namely partially according to the basic material groups that correspond to the generally applicable division into metals, glasses, ceramics, composites, polymers, and elastomers. These groups of materials are presented using combined graphs obtained from the authors’ own method of solving the given problem. For the purpose of generalization, the conception according to the publication by Ashby can be used very well. By the fast development of new materials, the number of available and used materials in technical fields is growing. The concentration of technically used materials in the conception of Ashby can be used to derive an approximate equation of the distribution trend of a parameter of the conventional strength of material. From the graphical processing of these values, it is seen that this trend is concordant with the central line of materials in the diagram according to Ashby.
The effect of substrate bonding on characterization of thin elastic layers: A finite element study
Authors: Javanbakht Z. , Hall W. , Öchsner A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDepth‐sensing indentation tests are used to characterize non‐conventional materials, such as biomaterials, which normally require particular considerations in terms of specimen preparation. The force‐depth measurements during the test reveals valuable information about the material which can be used to obtain the elastic modulus of the sample. Analytical 2D formulas are available in the literature which incorporate a scale factor to establish a proper relationship between the elastic modulus and the force‐indentation data. Finite element analysis in 3D was used to simulate the indentation test results, propose a modified scale factor for the analytical solution, and to make a comparison between the modified and original scale factors. The numerical results revealed that the 2D formulation produces closer values to those of the 3D simulations at higher aspect ratios. Additionally, in order to consider the effects of the substrate, two extreme values for the scale factor are proposed.
Phenol‐enriched olive oils modify paraoxonase‐related variables: A randomized, crossover, controlled trial
Authors: Fernández‐Castillejo Sara , García‐Heredia Ana‐Isabel , Solà Rosa , Camps Jordi , López de la Hazas Maria‐Carmen , Farràs Marta , Pedret Anna , Catalán Úrsula , Rubió Laura , Motilva Maria‐José , Castañer Olga , Covas María‐Isabel , Valls Rosa‐Maria 
Published: May 2017

ScopeLow paraoxonase (PON)1 activities, and high PON1 and low PON3 protein levels are characteristic of cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to assess short‐ and long‐term effects of virgin olive oils (VOO), enriched with their own phenolic compounds (PC; FVOO) or with them plus complementary PC from thyme (FVOOT), on PON‐related variables and the mechanisms involved.Methods and resultsTwo randomized, controlled, double‐blind, and crossover interventions were conducted. In an acute intake study, participants ingested three FVOOs differing in PC content. In a sustained intake study, participants ingested a control VOO and two different FVOOs with the same PC content but differing in PC source. Acute and sustained intake of VOO and FVOO decreased PON1 protein and increased PON1‐associated specific activities, while FVOOT yielded opposite results. PON3 protein levels increased only after sustained consumption of VOO. Mechanistic studies performed in rat livers showed that intake of isolated PC from VOO and from thyme modulate mitogen‐activated protein kinases and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors regulating PON synthesis, while a combination of these PCs cancels such regulation.ConclusionThis study reveals that the intake of phenol‐enriched FVOOs modulates oxidative balance by modifying PON‐related variables according to PC content and source, and this modulation can be perceived as beneficial.
Theoretical studies of the copper gyromagnetic factors for three novel Cu2+ coordination polymers with bi‐triazole ligand
Authors: Wu Li‐Na , Wu Shao‐Yi , Zhang Li‐Juan , Liu Xu‐Sheng , Peng Li 
Published: May 2017

The copper electron paramagnetic resonance gyromagnetic factors are theoretically studied for three novel Cu2+ coordination polymers [Cu(XL)(NO3)2]n (1), {[Cu(XL)(4,4′‐bpy)(NO3)2]•CH3CN}n (1a) and {[Cu(XL)3](NO3)2•3.5H2O}n (2) with bi‐triazole ligand (XL) = N,N′‐bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐7‐ene‐2,3,5,6‐tetracarboxdiimide bi(1,2,4‐triazole) from the high‐order perturbation calculations of the g factors for a rhombically elongated octahedral 3d9 group. The order (1 ≤ 1a < 2) of gz can be illustrated by the dominant second‐order perturbation term roughly proportional to the square of the covalency factor N. gx (and gy) relies on the combination of the contributions from N, cubic field parameter Dq, and axial elongation of the copper sites and exhibits the sequence (1 ≤ 2 < 1a). As regards the axiality (gx ≈ gy) of g factors, this is because the perpendicular rhombic contribution from the deviations of the bond lengths and bond angles for the planar ligands with respect to an ideal octahedron and that from the discrepancies between the crystal fields of the planar ligands O2− and N3− largely cancel each other. The present theoretical studies on the copper electron paramagnetic resonance g factors would be helpful to understand the structures and properties of some promising coordination polymers containing copper with the novel bi‐triazole ligand XL.
Multiparity modifies contractile properties of pelvic muscles affecting the genesis of vaginal pressure in rabbits
Authors: López‐Juárez Rhode , Zempoalteca René , Corona‐Quintanilla Dora Luz , Jiménez‐Estrada Ismael , Castelán Francisco , Martínez‐Gómez Margarita 
Published: May 2017

AimsTo characterize the contractile properties of the bulbospongiosus (Bsm), isquiocavernosus (Ism), and pubococcygeus muscles (Pcm), and their involvement in the genesis of vaginal pressure in nulliparous and multiparous rabbits.MethodsAge‐matched nulliparous and multiparous rabbits were used to record the isometric contractile responses of each muscle as well as the intravaginal pressure evoked by single square electrical pulses and stimulation trains of ascending frequency. To establish significant differences between groups, two‐tail unpaired Student t tests were carried out. The linear correlation between intravaginal pressure and muscle contractile force was analyzed with Pearson correlation tests. For all cases, a P ≤ 0.05 was set as statistically significant.ResultsMultiparity decreased the contractile force of Bsm and Ism generated by high‐frequency stimulation trains. The normalized force of the Pcm increased when evoked at 1, 4, and 10 Hz while this decreased at higher frequencies (20, 50, and 100 Hz). The contraction of both Bsm and Ism raised particularly the pressure on the perineal vagina while that of the Pcm increased the pressure in the pelvic vagina. Such a functional segregation is still present in multiparous rabbits albeit it was modified.ConclusionsMultiparity induces changes in the contractile responses of Bsm, Ism, and Pcm, which alterates the vaginal pressure.
A semi‐analytic collocation technique for steady‐state strongly nonlinear advection‐diffusion‐reaction equations with variable coefficients
Authors: Reutskiy Sergiy , Lin Ji 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe aim of this paper is to present a new semi‐analytic numerical method for strongly nonlinear steady‐state advection‐diffusion‐reaction equation (ADRE) in arbitrary 2‐D domains. The key idea of the method is the use of the basis functions which satisfy the homogeneous boundary conditions of the problem. Each basis function used in the algorithm is a sum of an analytic basis function and a special correcting function which is chosen to satisfy the homogeneous boundary conditions of the problem. The polynomials, trigonometric functions, conical radial basis functions, and the multiquadric radial basis functions are used in approximation of the ADRE. This allows us to seek an approximate solution in the analytic form which satisfies the boundary conditions of the initial problem with any choice of free parameters. As a result, we separate the approximation of the boundary conditions and the approximation of the ADRE inside the solution domain. The numerical examples confirm the high accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method in solving strongly nonlinear equations in an arbitrary domain.
Feeding Management Strategies among the Early Neolithic Pigs in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Navarrete V. , Colonese A. C. , Tornero C. , Antolín F. , Von Tersch M. , Eulàlia Subirà M. , Comes P. , Rosell‐Melé A. , Saña M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe socio‐economic relevance of domesticated animals during the Early Neolithic in the Iberian Peninsula is indisputable, yet we essentially know little about the way they were managed. Among domesticated animals, pig (Sus domesticus) was a common food source, and previous studies have shown the potential of stable isotopes for assessing variability in pig diet in relation to husbandry practices. Nevertheless, this approach has never been applied to the earliest pigs in the Iberian Peninsula. We analysed the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition of pig bone collagen from several Early Neolithic sites in the NE Iberian Peninsula. While pig δ13C values were similar across different populations, there were significant differences in δ15N values between sites. These are attributed to different pig husbandry systems, which may reflect distinct social and spatial organisation and interaction with environmental conditions during the Early Neolithic in this region. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.