bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Treatment Algorythm in Lyme Neuroborreliosis
Authors: Țilea Brîndușa , Bălașa Rodica , Fodor Andrea , Ioan Țilea 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Lyme neuroborreliosis is an infection of the nervous system caused by spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensulato group. Neurological clinical manifestations usually present a steady evolution and are different in patients from Europe compared to those from America, possibly due to vector agents and different bacterial species. Various diagnostic markers were studied in consideration of a clear or possible diagnosis of the disease, because evolution and complications depend on early diagnosis and initiation of therapy. The isolation of the bacterium is difficult, microscopic examination and the bacterial dezoxiribonucleic acid amplification shows low sensitivity. However, the diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis is mainly based on serological methods that have a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. A correct diagnosis can be performed by strictly respecting clinical guidelines and protocols and carefully interpreting the serological tests. The presence of anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid with evidence of intrathecal antibody production is the gold standard diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis. Early administration of antibiotic treatment (third generation cephalosporins, cyclins, aminopenicillins) can produce the remission of neurological symptoms, the eradication of spirochetes in acute phase of the disease, thus avoiding the development of the chronic disease.
Unified theory for certain generalized types of closed sets and some separation axioms
Authors: Roy Bishwambhar 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In this paper the notion of μνg-closed sets and certain characterizations of such sets have been given. As an application of μνg-closed sets, the notion of (μ, ν)-regular spaces and (μ, ν)-normal spaces have been introduced and some characterizations of such spaces are also given.
The Effects of Unemployment on Fertility: Evidence from England
Authors: Aksoy Cevat Giray 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper reinvestigates the causal effects of local unemployment on fertility. It argues that contradicting results in the existing empirical research may have arisen due to a neglect of sub-demographic differences and failure to recognize endogeneity. It hypothesizes that male and female unemployment will have different impacts on fertility across subgroups of the population. Drawing on the UK Labor Force Survey and the Birth Statistics data from the Office for National Statistics, the results of this study suggest that female unemployment tends to increase births, whereas male unemployment has the opposite effect. More importantly, the reported results indicate the unemployment and fertility relation exhibits strong variation across demographic subgroups. Lastly, a persistent countercyclical fertility pattern is also documented at the county level.
How do English translations differ from non-translated English writings? A multi-feature statistical model for linguistic variation analysis
Authors: Hu Xianyao , Xiao Richard , Hardie Andrew 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper discusses the debatable hypotheses of “Translation Universals”, i. e. the recurring common features of translated texts in relation to original utterances. We propose that, if translational language does have some distinctive linguistic features in contrast to non-translated writings in the same language, those differences should be statistically significant, consistently distributed and systematically co-occurring across registers and genres. Based on the balanced Corpus of Translational English (COTE) and its non-translated English counterpart, the Freiburg-LOB corpus of British English (FLOB), and by deploying a multi-feature statistical analysis on 96 lexical, syntactic and textual features, we try to pinpoint those distinctive features in translated English texts. We also propose that the stylo-statistical model developed in this study will be effective not only in analysing the translational variation of English but also be capable of clustering those variational features into a “translational” dimension which will facilitate a crosslinguistic comparison of translational languages (e. g. translational Chinese) to test the Translation Universals hypotheses.
‘Mind your Local Accent’ Does accent training resonate to college students’ English use?
Authors: Fang Fan (Gabriel) 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The recent development of English as a lingua franca (ELF) has encouraged language policy makers and educators to view the English language and ELT from an alternative but critical perspective that challenges some language ideologies, such as standard language and linguistic imperialism. Current ELT practices seem to neglect the trend towards the development of the global status of English. In addition, ELT is still largely native-oriented and less ELF-oriented. A Chinese university is the context of this case study. From an ELF perspective, this paper addresses some ELT issues, particularly with regard to teaching pronunciation, through the analysis of two documents and a discussion of the student participants’ interview comments. It is argued that current pronunciation teaching is still native-oriented and based on the English as a foreign language (EFL) perspective. The ELF concept is emergent and has not been fully recognised. This paper proposes a teaching approach called Teaching of Pronunciation for Intercultural Communication (ToPIC), which suggests ELF-informed pronunciation teaching strategies for intercultural communication in relation to students’ wider language-use goals in the conclusion.
The Taxonomy of Legal Systems under Effect of Globalization: Classification of China and the United States
Authors: Müller Lukas Frederik 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article examines the scope and nature of current global legal transformations as a result of economic globalization. It takes the idea that legal systems are already by nature highly impacted by economical, political, and societal developments as a starting point and continues to discuss in particular the legal consequences of economic global assimilation and the widespread decline of state sovereignty. Following these ideas, the article discusses how the current substantial legal transformations will affect the comparative method of classifying the legal systems of the world and suggests a modern, unbiased, and flexible model of taxonomy that is suitable to display the ongoing economic and legal globalization trends beyond Euro-American centrism. On the basis of this model of taxonomy, this article considers the classification of the United States and Chinese legal system and evaluates the historic factors that have formed them. In particular, special emphasis is directed towards the impact of professional, political, and traditional social norms and the degree of state sovereignty for each that led to the development of their respective legal systems today.
Developing Eastern Germany: The Effects of Economics Promotion in the Eastern German States after Reunification
Authors: Kölling Arnd 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of public funding on the performance of establishments in Eastern Germany. Using data from the German Institute for Employment Research (IAB) Establishment Panel from 1996 through 2012, the effect of economic promotion in the eastern part of Germany is studied on a number of indicators that provide insight into the topic. For this purpose, conditional difference-in-differences estimators were derived using a propensity score matching approach. Treated establishments in the area of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) invested more, had a higher value added and requested more labour than untreated firms when the amount of public funding is considered. However, on average, establishments with a history of previous investments also receive more funding than establishments that do not receive promotion. Also, some of the results are not permanent, such as the share of investment. Other effects of economic promotion in Germany include increases in wages, but these effects are rather small when compared to the size of the economic promotion. In addition, outcome for firms’ productivity is always insignificant and close to zero.
Predictors Of Mortality In Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction And Resuscitated Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Bărcan Andreea , Chițu Monica , Benedek Edvin , Rat Nora , Korodi Szilamer , Morariu Mirabela , Kovacs Istvan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Introduction: In patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) complicating an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the survival depends largely on the restoration of coronary flow in the infarct related artery. The aim of this study was to determine clinical and angiographic predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with OHCA and STEMI, successfully resuscitated and undergoing primary percutaneous intervention (PCI).
Methods: From January 2013 to July 2015, 78 patients with STEMI presenting OHCA, successfully resuscitated, transferred immediately to the catheterization unit and treated with primary PCI, were analyzed. Clinical, laboratory and angiographic data were compared in 28 non-survivors and 50 survivors.
Results: The clinical baseline characteristics of the study population showed no significant differences between the survivors and non-survivors in respect to age (p=0.06), gender (p=0.8), the presence of hypertension (p=0.4), dyslipidemia (p=0.09) obesity (p=1), smoking status (p=0.2), presence of diabetes (p=0.2), a clinical history of acute myocardial infarction (p=0.7) or stroke (p=0.17). Compared to survivors, the non-survivor group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of cardiogenic shock (50% vs 24%, p=0.02), renal failure (64.3% vs 30.0%, p=0.004) and anaemia (35.7% vs 12.0%, p=0.02). Three-vessel disease was significantly higher in the non-survivor group (42.8% vs. 20.0%, p=0.03), while there was a significantly higher percentage of TIMI 3 flow postPCI in the infarct-related artery in the survivor group (80.% vs. 57.1%, p=0.03). The time from the onset of symptoms to revascularization was significantly higher in patients who died compared to those who survived (387.5 +/- 211.3 minutes vs 300.8 +/- 166.1 minutes, p=0.04), as was the time from the onset of cardiac arrest to revascularization (103.0 +/- 56.34 minutes vs 67.0 +/- 44.4 minutes, p=0.002). Multivariate analysis identified the presence of cardiogenic shock (odds ratio [OR]: 3.17, p=0.02), multivessel disease (OR: 3.0, p=0.03), renal failure (OR: 4.2, p=0.004), anaemia (OR: 4.07, p=0.02), need for mechanical ventilation >48 hours (OR: 8.07, p=0.0002) and a duration of stay in the ICU longer than 5 days (OR: 9.96, p=0.0002) as the most significant independent predictors for mortality in patients with OHCA and STEMI.
Conclusion: In patients surviving an OHCA in the early phase of a myocardial infarction, the presence of cardiogenic shock, renal failure, anaemia or multivessel disease, as well as a longer time from the onset of symptoms or of cardiac arrest to revascularization, are independent predictors of mortality. However, the most powerful predictor of death is the duration of stay in the ICU and the requirement of mechanical ventilation for more than forty-eight hours.
The literature of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – characteristics of the Tatar writings and areas of research
Authors: Lewicka Magdalena 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The literature of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania constitutes the most important and richest part of their cultural heritage, as well as a lasting trace of Tatar settlements in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The literature that flourished during the spiritual revival of the Renaissance and Reformation somewhere in the seemingly God-forsaken, remote Eastern Borderlands has not been forgotten; on the contrary, it has been recognised as a unique phenomenon of great spiritual, literary and cultural value. This phenomenon manifests itself in the extraordinary combination of the Oriental Islamic culture and Christian culture, two components that appear to be mutually exclusive but are in fact in perfect harmony with each other, both in the life of society and in the literary works of Polish-Lithuanian Tatars.
The paper is dedicated to literary manuscripts of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, including their genesis at the background of the Tatar settlement in the territory of the Republic of Poland, characteristic features and typology of the manuscripts on the basis of the criteria of form and content. Furthermore, the author discusses the research areas, beginning with the description of the state of research on Tatar manuscripts from the point of view, through the characteristics of the current research on this matter, as well as reporting the institutions running and coordinating the interdisciplinary and international activities within the scope of the research, editing and popularization of the issues connected with the kitabistics.
Retrospective Investigation on the Prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension in Dogs with Bronchial and Upper Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Locatelli Chiara , Montrasio Daniela , Spalla Ilaria , Riscazzi Giulia , Gobbetti Matteo , Savarese Alice , Romussi Stefano , Brambilla Paola G. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Bronchial and upper respiratory diseases have been associated with hypoxia and subsequent development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, there are no known studies assessing the prevalence of PAH in dogs with these conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of PAH in dogs with bronchial and upper respiratory diseases. Medical records of dogs with confirmed diagnosis (by endoscopic examination) of bronchial and/or upper respiratory diseases referred for cardiovascular investigation (January 2009 - May 2013) were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnosis of PAH was made by echocardiography (tricuspid regurgitation > 2.8 m/s and/or pulmonic regurgitation > 2.2 m/s); possible PAH was diagnosed when two or more specific echocardiographic findings were present. 52 dogs (30 with upper respiratory diseases, 17 with bronchial disease and 5 with both) were included. Diagnosis of PAH was performed in 3 dogs (5.7%). Two dogs were considered as probably affected by PAH; a total of 5 dogs (9.4%) resulted in being affected or probably affected by PAH. Our study shows that the prevalence of PAH in dogs with bronchial and/or upper respiratory diseases is low; PAH seems to occur mostly in older dogs and/or with very advanced disease: echocardiography may therefore be a useful tool in this category of patients.
Fast and accurate methodology for direct mercury determination in hair and nails
Authors: Vicent A. , Cervera M.L. , Morales-Rubio A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA solvent-free, easy, fast and waste-free methodology was developed for the determination of total mercury levels in hair and nails. Samples were taken from several volunteers and directly analysed, with levels of mercury in the range between 0.5 and 8 ng/mg. The influence of quantity of hair, as well as the addition of small amount of solvent and the necessity of previous treatment were studied. Also, a history of mercury exposure was provided by the distance of the hair from the scalp of each volunteer, the results of which were correlated with fish consumption. Furthermore, a short study of mercury in nails was carried out and correlated to the results from hair mercury levels. A small quantity of 5 mg of hair with an addition of 50 μL of water to the sample without previous treatment was adequate to get a representative result in less than 10 minutes. The accuracy of the proposed method was confirmed by analysing certified reference materials including Coal Fly Ash-NIST SRM 1633b, Fucus-IAEA 140 and three unpolished Rice Flour NIES-10. The observed results were found to be in good agreement with the certified values.
Innovation und Organisation: Drei Thesen zum Passungsverhältnis zweier Formen der Moderne
Authors: Besio Cristina , Jungmann Robert J. 
Published: February 2016

ZusammenfassungDass Innovation und Organisation eng miteinander verbunden sind, wird sowohl in der Innovations-, wie in der Organisationsforschung umfangreich diskutiert. Einerseits wird die zentrale Rolle von Organisationen in Innovationsprozessen und andererseits die Relevanz der Innovation für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Organisationen betont. Obwohl ihre Passung immer wieder aufgezeigt wird, fehlt es bis dato an Ansätzen, die diese überzeugend erklären. Ein vielversprechender Ausgangspunkt ist u. E., sowohl Organisation als auch Innovation als spezifisch moderne Formen aufzufassen. Hiervon ausgehend diskutiert der Text das Wechselspiel zwischen Innovation und Organisation aus Perspektive der Gesellschaftstheorie Niklas Luhmanns neu. Dabei gerät die spezifische Passung zwischen absichtsvoller Neuheit und den Entscheidungsdynamiken der Organisation in den Blick. Insbesondere wird es möglich zu erklären, welche Eigenschaften Organisationen zu privilegierten Orten der Innovation machen. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass Organisationen in dreifacher Hinsicht in Innovationsprozessen wirksam sind: sie können durch Entscheidungen reflexiv die Bedingungen für eine gesteigerte Produktion sowie eine erfolgreiche Selektion und Stabilisierung des Neuen schaffen.
Verbundbezogenes Eigenkapital für Kreditgenossenschaften
Authors: Hofinger Hans , Blisse Holger 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Sollte der Eigenkapitalbedarf der kreditgenossenschaftlichen Verbundorganisationen in Europa in Zukunft noch weiter steigen, so werden Vorschläge zur Eigenkapitalbildung in der genossenschaftlichen Rechtsform ein Dauerthema bleiben. Längst haben die großen Verbundgruppen auch für die Aufnahme von Eigenkapital den Kapitalmarkt entdeckt und es sind bereits einzelne Zentral- bzw. Spezialinstitute als Aktiengesellschaft z. B. in Finnland, Frankreich und Österreich börsennotiert. Dass es zu einem Börsengang auch andere eigentümer-, insbesondere mitgliederorientierte Alternativen gibt, wird am Beispiel der österreichischen Volksbank Gruppe sowie einem Vorschlag für die deutschen Kreditgenossenschaften verdeutlicht.
Die Struktur der SCE und ihre Anwendungsmöglichkeiten im italienischen und österreichischen Recht
Authors: Miribung Georg 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Die Societas Cooperativa Europaea (SCE) ist eine neue Gesellschaftsform, die dem Rechtsanwender seit dem 18. August 2006 zur Verfügung steht. Neben einer Generalversammlung sind als Verwaltungsorgane entweder ein Aufsichts- und ein Leitungsorgan (dualistisches System) oder ein Verwaltungsorgan (monistisches System) zu wählen, wobei ergänzend einschlägiges nationales Recht zur Anwendung kommt. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die entsprechenden nationalen Normen, welche die Verwaltungsstrukturen einer SCE italienischer bzw. österreichischer Prägung bestimmen.
Anfechtungsrechte einfacher Mitglieder der Kreditgenossenschaft
Authors: Olfen Michael , Pannier Stefan 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung
Kann ein einfaches Genossenschaftsmitglied Beschlüsse der Vertreterversammlung an- fechten, obwohl es nicht zum Vertreter einer Vertreterversammlung gewählt wurde?Und besteht eine Klagebefugnis eines Mitglieds bei Wahlen zum Aufsichtsrat, an der es selbst teilgenommen hat? Mit diesen beiden Fragen zum genossenschaftlichen Anfechtungsrecht setzt sich der vorliegende Artikel anhand einer soweit ersichtlich erstmalig ergangenen obergerichtlichen Entscheidung auseinander. Dabei wild auch die Möglichkeit der Heilbarkeit nach § 242 Abs. 2 AktG von den Verfassern aufgegriffen.
Garantiegenossenschaften als wirtschaftspolitisches Instrument zur Konjunkturbelebung in Italien
Authors: Kiesswetter Oscar 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung
Der Autor analysiert die Bedeutung der Garantiegenossenschaften bei der Beschaffung von Bankkrediten für ihre Mitgliedsunternehmen. Nach dem Kommentar der vom Gesetzgeber und der Bankenaufsichtsbehörde erlassenen Bestimmungen zur Neuordnung der Garantiegenossenschaften, wird ihre Rolle bei der Umsetzung der Maßnahmenpakete zur Konjunkturbelebung und zur Überwindung der verringerten Kreditbereitschaft der Banken in Folge der Finanzkrise erörtert.abzufassen.
Der religiöse Faktor in der Familienpolitik
Authors: Stadelmann-Steffen Isabelle , Traunmüller Richard 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In unserem Beitrag untersuchen wir die Rolle der Religion für die Ausgestaltung der Familienpolitik. Während die „klassische“ Staatstätigkeitsforschung den Einfluss von Religion vornehmlich auf die Stärke christdemokeratischer Parteien oder auf generelle kulturelle Ländermuster zurückführt, betonen „neuere“ Ansätze der Wohlfahrtsstaatforschung die Bedeutung religiöser Werte in der Bevölkerung, die Ausgestaltung des Staat-Kirche-Verhältnisses sowie die historische Rolle verschiedener Strömungen des Protestantismus für die Entwicklung und Ausgestaltung von Wohlfahrtsstaatlichkeit. Unser Beitrag kontrastiert die beiden Forschungsstränge im Rahmen eines systematischen quantitativen Vergleichs von 27 OECD-Staaten und evaluiert die relative Erklärungskraft der klassischen und neueren theoretischen Argumente, um auf diese Weise zu einem differenzierteren 'Verständnis des Zusammenhangs von Religion und öffentlicher Familienpolitik. zu gelangen.
Mit Neokorporatismus durch die Krise? Die Rolle des sozialen Dialogs in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz
Authors: Eiechhorst Werner , Timo Weishaupt J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Rolle der Sozialpartner bei der Bewältigung der Wirtschaftskrise 2008/09 in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweif Die Fallstudien zeigen, dass die schnelle Reaktion der Politik zu Beginn der Krise auf dem gemeinsamen Handeln von Arbeitgeberverbänden, Gewerkschaften und Regierungen beruhte. Eine zentrale Rolle kam dabei den Sozialpartnern jener Sektoren zu, die am stärksten von der Krise betroffen waren. In der Schweiz und Österreich wurden vorhandene Verbandlungsstrukturen genutzt, während in Deutschland informelle Kanäle eine größere Bedeutung hatten. Den Sozialpartnern gelang es, ihre in den Jahren vor der Krise entwickelten sektoralen Strukturen wettbewerbsfähiger Produktion mithilfe staatlicher Unterstützung über die Krise hinweg zu stabilisieren. Es kam zu einer Interessenkonvergenz von Arbeitgebern, Gewerkschaften und Regierung, die zwar zeitlich und thematisch begrenzt war, allerdings Potential für eine künftige Revitalisierung der Sozialpartnerschaft und neokorporatistischer Konzertierungen hat.
Der ‚arbeitende Staat‘ als ‚Dienstleistungsunternehmen‘ revisited: Berufliches Handeln und Selbstdeutungen von Frontline- Beschäftigten nach zwanzig Jahren New Public Management
Authors: Sondermann Ariadne , Englert Kathrin , Schmidtke Oliver , Ludwig-Mayerhofer Wolfgang 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Spätestens im Zuge des New Public Management haben sich die normativen Vorgaben für ‚gutes‘ Verwaltungshandeln grundlegend verändert: Gemäß der Modernisierungssemantik sollen Bürger/- innen zu Kundinnen und Kunden werden und in der Verwaltung auf effiziente Dienstleister/-innen treffen. Was diese Neuausrichtung jedoch für Frontline-Beschäftigte der öffentlichen Verwaltung und ihren Berufsalltag bedeutet, ist empirisch kaum untersucht. Anhand qualitativer Interviews geht dieser Beitrag der Frage nach, welche subjektiven und handlungspraktischen Folgen das entstandene Spannungsfeld aus Hoheitlichkeit, Kunden- und Effizienzorientierung für die Beschäftigten hat. Es können differierende Umgangsmuster mit den neuen Verwaltungsvorgaben beobachtet werden. Sie werden als Chance der beruflichen Bewährung oder als Gefährdung eigener Werthaltungen wahrgenommen, was mit dem jeweiligen beruflichen Selbstverständnis der Mitarbeiter/- innen zusammenhängt.