bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximizing Production and Irrigation Water Productivity of Canola Crop (Brassica Napus L.) Under Arid Land Conditions
Authors: Ismail Saleh M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Research Station of King Abdulaziz University to study the effect of irrigation level, row spacing and inter‐row spacing on productivity and irrigation water productivity (IWP) of Canola. Two irrigation levels, IFull (100% of field capacity) and Imin (65% of IFull), were investigated. Three row spacing, S1, S2 and S3, represented by 20, 40 and 60 cm between rows were studied under each irrigation level. Three inter‐row spacing, IRS1, IRS2 and IRS3, represented by 5, 10 and 20 cm between plants, were investigated for each row spacing. Results indicated that Imin reduced seed yield per plant, total seed yield and oil percentage but increased IWP. Decreasing row and inter‐row spacing decreased seed yield per plant but increased total seed yield and IWP. The highest oil percentage (36.1%) was obtained from S2 during both growing seasons. The triple interaction optimized total seed yield, IWP and oil production. The best combination was IFull–S1–IRS2 with average production of 8430 kg ha−1 seed yield which is expected to produce 2990 kg of oil, followed by Imin–S1–IRS1 which produced 6750 kg ha−1seed yield with about 2270 kg ha−1of oil. Application of this combination saves 35% of water but reduces oil production by 24%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Image distortion correction for micromanipulation system based on SLM microscopic vision
Authors: Wang Yuezong , Jin Yan , Wang Lika 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTStereo light microscope (SLM) simulates stereo imaging principle of human eyes. Microscopic vision system based on SLM has become an important visual tool for micro measurement, micromanipulation, and microinjection. We develop a micromanipulation system based on SLM and present an image distortion correction method. We mainly correct two kinds of image distortions: lateral and vertical distortion. Distortion correction consists of two steps. First, a linear fitting algorithm for each row or column of target points is developed, and the fitting errors are calculated. If the fitting errors are smaller than a given threshold, the linear fitting results are kept and used. Otherwise polynomial fitting procedure will be used. Second, the parallelism of straight lines is corrected. The results show that a line in world coordinate frame (WCF) is not necessarily a straight line in image coordinate frame (ICF), or two parallel lines in WCF may be not parallel in ICF. Distortion correction can restore the parallel and linear relationship. For distorted left and right images, the magnitude of distortion exceeds 6 pixels and 4 pixels in the horizontal direction, and 1.2 pixels and 1.7 pixels in the vertical direction, respectively. After corrected, for left and right image, distortion can be reduced to 0.8 pixels and 0.7 pixels in the horizontal direction, and 0.96 pixels and 1.3 pixels in the vertical direction, respectively. The results show that distortion parameters obtained from the proposed method can effectively correct distorted images. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:162–177, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compressed sensing cine imaging with high spatial or high temporal resolution for analysis of left ventricular function
Authors: Goebel Juliane , Nensa Felix , Schemuth Haemi P. , Maderwald Stefan , Gratz Marcel , Quick Harald H. , Schlosser Thomas , Nassenstein Kai 
Published: January 2016

PurposeTo assess two compressed sensing cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences with high spatial or high temporal resolution in comparison to a reference steady‐state free precession cine (SSFP) sequence for reliable quantification of left ventricular (LV) volumes.Materials and MethodsLV short axis stacks of two compressed sensing breath‐hold cine sequences with high spatial resolution (SPARSE‐SENSE HS: temporal resolution: 40 msec, in‐plane resolution: 1.0 × 1.0 mm2) and high temporal resolution (SPARSE‐SENSE HT: temporal resolution: 11 msec, in‐plane resolution: 1.7 × 1.7 mm2) and of a reference cine SSFP sequence (standard SSFP: temporal resolution: 40 msec, in‐plane resolution: 1.7 × 1.7 mm2) were acquired in 16 healthy volunteers on a 1.5T MR system. LV parameters were analyzed semiautomatically twice by one reader and once by a second reader. The volumetric agreement between sequences was analyzed using paired t‐test, Bland–Altman plots, and Passing–Bablock regression.ResultsSmall differences were observed between standard SSFP and SPARSE‐SENSE HS for stroke volume (SV; −7 ± 11 ml; P = 0.024), ejection fraction (EF; −2 ± 3%; P = 0.019), and myocardial mass (9 ± 9 g; P = 0.001), but not for end‐diastolic volume (EDV; P = 0.079) and end‐systolic volume (ESV; P = 0.266). No significant differences were observed between standard SSFP and SPARSE‐SENSE HT regarding EDV (P = 0.956), SV (P = 0.088), and EF (P = 0.103), but for ESV (3 ± 5 ml; P = 0.039) and myocardial mass (8 ± 10 ml; P = 0.007). Bland–Altman analysis showed good agreement between the sequences (maximum bias ≤ −8%).ConclusionTwo compressed sensing cine sequences, one with high spatial resolution and one with high temporal resolution, showed good agreement with standard SSFP for LV volume assessment. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:366–374.
Rewarding reviewers – sense or sensibility? A Wiley study explained
Authors: Warne Verity 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn July 2015, Wiley surveyed over 170,000 researchers in order to explore peer reviewing experience; attitudes towards recognition and reward for reviewers; and training requirements. The survey received 2,982 usable responses (a response rate of 1.7%). Respondents from all markets indicated similar levels of review activity. However, analysis of reviewer and corresponding author data suggests that US researchers in fact bear a disproportionate burden of review, while Chinese authors publish twice as much as they review. Results show that while reviewers choose to review in order to give back to the community, there is more perceived benefit in interacting with the community of a top‐ranking journal than a low‐ranking one. The majority of peer review training received by respondents has come either in the form of journal guidelines or informally as advice from supervisors or colleagues. Seventy‐seven per cent show an interest in receiving further reviewer training. Reviewers strongly believe that reviewing is inadequately acknowledged at present and should carry more weight in their institutions' evaluation process. Respondents value recognition initiatives related to receiving feedback from the journal over monetary rewards and payment in kind. Questions raised include how to evenly expand the reviewer pool, provide training throughout the researcher career arc, and deliver consistent evaluation and recognition for reviewers.
Effect of damaging exercise on electromechanical delay
Authors: Lacourpaille Lilian , Nordez Antoine , Doguet Valentin , Hug FranÇois , Guilhem GaËL 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn this study we aimed to quantify the effect of exercise‐induced muscle damage on both the electrochemical and mechanical components of electromechanical delay using very‐high‐frame‐rate ultrasound.MethodsFifteen participants underwent electrically evoked contractions of the medial gastrocnemius muscle with an ultrasound transducer on the muscle belly and on the myotendinous junction, before, 1 hour, and 48 hours after eccentric exercise of the plantar flexor muscles.ResultsMaximal isometric plantar flexor torque was significantly lower at 1 hour (–41.1 ± 14.9%; P = 0.0001) and 48 hours (–11.9 ± 14.9%; P = 0.038) post‐exercise compared with pre‐exercise. However, the delay between electrical stimulation and the onset of muscle activation, the delay between electrical stimulation and myotendinous junction motion, and the electromechanical delay were not altered significantly by eccentric exercise (P = 0.063).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that moderate muscle damage does not affect the time for the electrochemical or mechanical components of electromechanical delay. Muscle Nerve 54: 136–141, 2016
Distribution Of fasciculations in healthy adults after exercise: An ultrasound study
Authors: Czell David , Goldman Beatrice , Weber Markus 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionUltrasound has become a reliable method to detect fasciculations. There is disagreement as to whether fasciculations above the knee should raise the suspicion of a disorder even if there are no other signs of lower motor neuron abnormality. Methods: Using ultrasonography, 3 arm and 3 leg muscles were investigated for 120 s, 45 min after 90‐min handball training or a 5,000 meter run in a group of 25 men and 25 women handball players and 7 men who are amateur runners. Results: All athletes had fasciculations in muscles above the knee. There were no fasciculations in the upper limb muscles in the runner group. In 21 men and 18 women handball players between 1 to 17 fasciculations in 2 min were detected. The number of fasciculations in the rectus femoris was 4‐fold higher in the runners compared with the handball players (ratio 0.24; P = 0.037). Conclusions: Fasciculations may occur in muscles above the knee in healthy subjects. The distribution of fasciculations primarily depends on the exercised muscles. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 54: 132–135, 2016 Muscle Nerve 54: 132–135, 2016
Biocompatible stimuli‐responsive nanogels for controlled antitumor drug delivery
Authors: Aguirre Garbiñe , Villar‐Alvarez Eva , González Adrián , Ramos Jose , Taboada Pablo , Forcada Jacqueline 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTHerein, the synthesis and potential application as cargo delivery systems of thermo‐responsive poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL)‐based, pH‐responsive poly(2‐(diethylamino)ethyl) methacrylate (PDEAEMA)‐based, and thermo‐, and pH‐responsive PDEAEMA/PVCL‐based core–shell nanogels are reported. All the nanogels have been synthesized using different dextran‐methacrylates (Dex‐MAs) as macro‐cross‐linkers. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOXO), an anticancer drug, has been effectively loaded into nanogels via hydrogen‐bonding interactions between OH groups of DOXO and OH groups of Dex‐MA chains. Drug‐release profiles at various pHs, and the cytocompatibility of the DOXO‐loaded nanogels have been assessed in vitro using cervical cancer HeLa and breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines. In all the cases, the DOXO release is controlled by Fickian diffusion and case‐II transport, being the diffusional process dominant. In addition, DOXO‐loaded nanogels are efficiently internalized by HeLa and MDA‐MB‐231 cells and DOXO is progressively released in time. Therefore, nanogels synthesized could be suitable and potentially useful as nanocarriers for antitumor drug delivery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1694–1705
A chimeric α-amylase engineered from Bacillus acidicola and Geobacillus thermoleovorans with improved thermostability and catalytic efficiency
Authors: Parashar Deepak , Satyanarayana T 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The α-amylase (Ba-amy) of Bacillus acidicola was fused with DNA fragments encoding partial N- and C-terminal region of thermostable α-amylase gene of Geobacillus thermoleovorans (Gt-amy). The chimeric enzyme (Ba-Gt-amy) expressed in Escherichia coli displays marked increase in catalytic efficiency [K cat: 4 × 104 s−1 and K cat/K m: 5 × 104 mL−1 mg−1 s−1] and higher thermostability than Ba-amy. The melting temperature (T m) of Ba-Gt-amy (73.8 °C) is also higher than Ba-amy (62 °C), and the CD spectrum analysis revealed the stability of the former, despite minor alteration in secondary structure. Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic analysis suggests that the adsorption of Ba-Gt-amy onto raw starch is more favourable than Ba-amy. Ba-Gt-amy is thus a suitable biocatalyst for raw starch saccharification at sub-gelatinization temperatures because of its acid stability, thermostability and Ca2+ independence, and better than the other known bacterial acidic α-amylases.
Characterization of representative rpoB gene mutations leading to a significant change in toyocamycin production of Streptomyces diastatochromogenes 1628
Authors: Ma Zheng , Luo Shuai , Xu Xianhao , Bechthold Andreas , Yu Xiaoping 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Modification of enzymes involved in transcription- or translation-processes is an interesting way to increase secondary metabolite production in Streptomycetes. However, application of such methods has not been widely described for strains which produce nucleoside antibiotics. The nucleoside antibiotic toyocamycin (TM) is produced by Streptomyces diastatochromogenes 1628. For improving TM production in S. diastatochromogenes 1628, the strain was spread on rifamycin-resistant (Rifr) medium. Several spontaneous mutants were obtained with mutations in the rpoB gene which encodes a RNA polymerase β-subunit. The mutants which showed increased TM production were detected at a frequency of 7.5 % among the total Rifr mutants. Mutant 1628-T15 harboring amino acid substitution His437Arg was the best TM producer with a 4.5-fold increase in comparison to that of the wild-type strain. The worst producer was mutant 1628-T62 which also showed a poor sporulation behavior. RT-PCR was performed to study the transcription levels of the TM biosynthetic gene toyG in the parental strain as well as in mutants 1628-T15 and 1628-T62. The transcriptional level of toyG was higher in mutant 1628-T15 than that in parental strain 1628, while much lower in mutant 1628-T62. In mutant strain 1628-T62 the expression of adpA sd gene, which is required for morphological differentiation, was also much lower. Our studies also indicate that the introduction of mutations into rpoB is an effective strategy to improve the production of TM which is an important nucleoside antibiotic.
Proteomics analysis of global regulatory cascades involved in clavulanic acid production and morphological development inStreptomyces clavuligerus
Authors: Ferguson Nicole L , Peña-Castillo Lourdes , Moore Marcus A , Bignell Dawn R D , Tahlan Kapil 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe genus Streptomyces comprises bacteria that undergo a complex developmental life cycle and produce many metabolites of importance to industry and medicine. Streptomyces clavuligerus produces the β-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid, which is used in combination with β-lactam antibiotics to treat certain β-lactam resistant bacterial infections. Many aspects of how clavulanic acid production is globally regulated in S. clavuligerus still remains unknown. We conducted comparative proteomics analysis using the wild type strain of S. clavuligerus and two mutants (ΔbldA and ΔbldG), which are defective in global regulators and vary in their ability to produce clavulanic acid. Approximately 33.5 % of the predicted S. clavuligerus proteome was detected and 192 known or putative regulatory proteins showed statistically differential expression levels in pairwise comparisons. Interestingly, the expression of many proteins whose corresponding genes contain TTA codons (predicted to require the bldA tRNA for translation) was unaffected in the bldA mutant.
Does Shear Thickening Occur in Semisolid Metals?
Authors: Atkinson Helen V. , Favier Veronique 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In the various forms of semisolid processing such as thixoforming and thixoforging, the entry into the die occurs in a fraction of a second so it is the transient rheological behavior which governs the initial stages of flow. In experiments in the literature, this rheological behavior is probed through applying rapid transitions in shear rate under isothermal conditions. There is contradictory evidence as to whether the behavior during these transitions is shear thinning or shear thickening, although it is clear that once in the die the material is thinning. Here the data in the literature are reanalyzed to obtain a rationalization of the contradictions which has not previously been available. It is argued that if a suspension is initially in a disagglomerated state (i.e., one which is initially sheared), the instantaneous behavior with a jump-up in shear rate is shear thickening (even if the long-term steady-state behavior is shear thinning) provided the fraction solid is greater than about 0.36 and the final shear rate at the end of the jump is greater than about 100 s−1. If the jump-up in shear rate is made from rest then yield masks the shear thickening.
Factors Correlating Outcome in Young Infants with Congenital Muscular Torticollis
Authors: Ryu Ji Hwa , Kim Dong Wook , Kim Seung Ho , Jung Hyun Seok , Choo Hye Jung , Lee Sun Joo , Park Young Mi , Baek Hye Jin 
Published: January 2016

Purpose No previous study using follow-up ultrasonography for evaluating the factors associated with the successful regression of congenital muscular torticollis in young infants has been published. This study aimed to assess clinical factors and sonographic features potentially influencing regression in patients with congenital muscular torticollis. Methods From January 2010 to December 2012, 80 infants underwent neck ultrasonography because of clinical suspicion of congenital muscular torticollis. We statistically analysed the correlation between complete resolution and clinicosonographic findings when complete resolution was defined as no visible lesion on follow-up ultrasonography. Results Of the 80 infants, 61 had congenital muscular torticollis and all were followed up by ultrasonography: 1) 34 underwent physiotherapy, and 27 of them (79.4%) revealed complete resolution in follow-up; 2) 27 did not undergo physiotherapy, and 15 of them (55.6%) showed complete resolution. A statistically significant correlation was found between physiotherapy and complete resolution, but not between complete resolution and patient sex; size, volume, and echogenicity of the lesion; and thickness ratio. Conclusions Physiotherapy was the only factor influencing complete resolution in young infants with congenital muscular torticollis.
Canadian Paediatric Neurology Workforce Survey and Consensus Statement
Authors: Doja Asif , Orr Serena L , McMillan Hugh J , Kirton Adam , Brna Paula , Esser Michael , Tang-Wai Richard , Major Philippe , Poulin Chantal , Prasad Narayan , Selby Kathryn , Weiss Shelly K. , Yeh E. Ann , Callen David JA 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground:Little knowledge exists on the availability of academic and community paediatric neurology positions. This knowledge is crucial for making workforce decisions. Our study aimed to: 1) obtain information regarding the availability of positions for paediatric neurologists in academic centres; 2) survey paediatric neurology trainees regarding their perceptions of employment issues and career plans; 3) survey practicing community paediatric neurologists 4) convene a group of paediatric neurologists to develop consensus regarding how to address these workforce issues.Methods:Surveys addressing workforce issues regarding paediatric neurology in Canada were sent to: 1) all paediatric neurology program directors in Canada (n=9) who then solicited information from division heads and from paediatric neurologists in surrounding areas; 2) paediatric neurology trainees in Canada (n=57) and; 3) community paediatric neurologists (n=27). A meeting was held with relevant stakeholders to develop a consensus on how to approach employment issues.Results:The response rate was 100% from program directors, 57.9% from residents and 44% from community paediatric neurologists. We found that the number of projected positions in academic paediatric neurology is fewer than the number of paediatric neurologists that are being trained over the next five to ten years, despite a clinical need for paediatric neurologists. Paediatric neurology residents are concerned about job availability and desire more career counselling.Conclusions:There is a current and projected clinical demand for paediatric neurologists despite a lack of academic positions. Training programs should focus on community neurology as a viable career option.
Derivation and Validation of the Surgical Site Infections Risk Model Using Health Administrative Data
Authors: van Walraven Carl , Jackson Timothy D. , Daneman Nick 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVESurgical site infections (SSIs) are common hospital-acquired infections. Tracking SSIs is important to monitor their incidence, and this process requires primary data collection. In this study, we derived and validated a method using health administrative data to predict the probability that a person who had surgery would develop an SSI within 30 days.METHODSAll patients enrolled in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) from 2 sites were linked to population-based administrative datasets in Ontario, Canada. We derived a multivariate model, stratified by surgical specialty, to determine the independent association of SSI status with patient and hospitalization covariates as well as physician claim codes. This SSI risk model was validated in 2 cohorts.RESULTSThe derivation cohort included 5,359 patients with a 30-day SSI incidence of 6.0% (n=118). The SSI risk model predicted the probability that a person had an SSI based on 7 covariates: index hospitalization diagnostic score; physician claims score; emergency visit diagnostic score; operation duration; surgical service; and potential SSI codes. More than 90% of patients had predicted SSI risks lower than 10%. In the derivation group, model discrimination and calibration was excellent (C statistic, 0.912; Hosmer-Lemeshow [H-L] statistic, P=.47). In the 2 validation groups, performance decreased slightly (C statistics, 0.853 and 0.812; H-L statistics, 26.4 [P=.0009] and 8.0 [P=.42]), but low-risk patients were accurately identified.CONCLUSIONHealth administrative data can effectively identify postoperative patients with a very low risk of surgical site infection within 30 days of their procedure. Records of higher-risk patients can be reviewed to confirm SSI status.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(4):455–465
The relationship between innovation and performance in special nonprofit firms: Social and cooperative agrifood firms
Authors: Chen Hsing Hung , Lee Amy H I , Chen Jack 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFirms are continually trying to identify innovation sources in order to improve organizational performance, but the identification of such origins is a complex and poorly understood issue, particularly as far as nonprofit firms are concerned. The social and cooperative agrifood arrangement has become one of the main and newest types of nonprofit organization in China since the implementation of the law related to specialized cooperatives, on July 1, 2007. In this research, a conceptual model is proposed to show that the characteristics of innovative sources can determine a firm’s absorptive capacity, which in turn can impact its performance. Therefore, absorptive capacity can be expected to enable the mediation of the relationships of innovative sources with the performance of firms. By means of theoretical analysis and practical investigation, this paper provides an assessment of the use of innovation sources and finds critical factors that may foster competitive and sustainable advantages.