Abstract C79: The histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat sensitizes cyclin E-amplified ovarian cancer cells to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib
Authors: Sarfo-Kantanka Kofi , Wilson Andrew J. , Steck Alexandra , Saskowski Jeanette , Khabele Dineo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Objective: Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecological cancer and the number one cause of cancer death in gynecological cancers. In the United States alone, there are about 21,290 expected new cases in 2015 and about 14,180 expected deaths. Approximately 95% of ovarian malignancies are epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Most (50%) of these EOC tumors have BRCAness features - contain molecular defect in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathways. About 20% of the non-BRACness subtypes of EOC exhibit increased expression of cyclin E (CCNE1) which is associated with resistance to DNA damaging drugs and increased mortality. A first-in-class drug, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib was approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer patients with BRCA mutations who have had three or more lines chemotherapy. PARPi efficacy is lower in non-BRCAness tumors but may be enhanced by other drug combinations. Our group has shown that epigenetic histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) therapy sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to various chemotherapeutic drugs. Our goal is to expand olaparib therapy to patients with chemoresistant tumors by sensitizing CCNE1 amplified EOC with the potent HDACi, panobinostat. Method: Ovarian cancer cell lines used were OVCAR-3 (CCNE1-amplified) and SKOV3 (CCNE1-non-amplified). They were co-treated with 0.01% DMSO vehicle, olaparib, panobinostat or olaparib/panobinostat combination. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays assessed cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence (IF) assessed markers of apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3). Images were analyzed using the Adobe Photoshop counting tool. Data analysis was performed via the Microsoft Excel average and percentage functions. Figures and p-value analysis were created using GraphPad Prism. Results: Our previous studies have demonstrated through western blot analysis of cleaved PARP expression that panobinostat enhances the pro-apoptotic effect of olaparib in CCNE1 amplified OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells. In this current study, IF was used to assess the established marker of apoptosis, cleaved caspase-3, in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells. Compared to vehicle-treated cells, olaparib alone induced no difference in the number of cleaved caspase-3 expression in both SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. However, there was significant upregulation in the percentage of cells positive for cleaved caspase-3 expression in combination treatments compared to single drug treatments in both cell lines. These data were supported by SRB cytotoxicity assays, where the combination of panobinostat and olaparib synergized in both OVCAR-3 and SKOV3 cells. Conclusion: The response of ovarian cancer cells to the PARPi olaparib is enhanced by co-treatment with HDACi panobinostat in vitro. This indicates that, responses to olaparib in HR-proficient EOC can be improved by combination therapy with panobinostat. Thus we have identified a novel way to expand the use of olaparib for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer to patients with non-BRCA tumors.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Kofi Sarfo-Kantanka, Andrew J. Wilson, Alexandra Steck, Jeanette Saskowski, Dineo Khabele. The histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat sensitizes cyclin E-amplified ovarian cancer cells to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C79.