bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time warp simulation using time scale decomposition
Authors: Ammar Hany H. , Deng Su 
Published: July 2002

In this paper we consider time scale decomposition as well as spatial decomposition to induce massive parallelism and reduce overhead in distributed discrete-event simulations. We confine our study to the Time Warp strategy and to systems where the durations of activities differ by several orders of magnitude (i.e., systems with fast and slow activities). We show that, for such systems, a large overhead due to rollbacks is encountered when spatial decomposition is used. Moreover, performance degrades as the difference increases between the rates of fast and slow events.
Several initial experiments using queueing-network models were designed to evaluate the effectiveness of time scale decomposition in increasing the parallelism and reducing the overhead. These experiments were conducted on a distributed simulation testbed that was implemented on an 18-processor Multimax 320. The application of the above simulation techniques to stochastic Petri net models is illustrated using an example of performability analysis of a fault-tolerant distributed system.
Breakthroughs in our Knowledge and Understanding of the Earth and Planets
Authors: Schubert G 
Published: July 2002

[Figure: see text] ▪ Abstract  During the last 35 years the planets and moons of our solar system have been visited for the first time, and the plate tectonics paradigm has revolutionized earth science and led to the acceptance of mantle convection as the cause of plate tectonics. The author has been a fortunate participant in these extraordinary events and he offers some reminiscences and recollections of his involvement. He also recalls his former colleague William M Kaula and dedicates this prefatory chapter to him.
MEXICAN ELECTRIC END-USE EFFICIENCY: Experiences to Date
Authors: Friedmann Rafael , Sheinbaum Claudia 
Published: July 2002

▪ Abstract  Mexican government energy-efficiency programs since 1989 are reviewed to provide guidelines for other developing countries. Energy-efficiency efforts must be multifaceted, flexible, and emphasize evaluation to allow learning-while-doing. Including the private sector incorporates their marketing expertise and accelerates a mature energy-efficiency market. Foreigners provide support and ideas, and serve as catalysts. Initially, efforts can focus on creating an awareness of energy efficiency's benefits and potential, and support the evolution of an energy-efficiency infrastructure. Establishing institutions to coordinate government actions and others to finance implementation may be appropriate. Institutional effectiveness is enhanced by stipulating goals and mandates, and by providing adequate and secure budgets and staff. Marketing of efficient technologies succeeded when incentives were combined with financing. Minimum energy-efficiency standards for appliances were introduced quickly, but enforcement has been harder. Mexican programs under way are expected to save 8 TWh and 1.4 GW by the year 2000.
MEMORIES OF MICROBESAND METABOLISM
Authors: Broquist Harry P. 
Published: July 2002

[Figure: see text] ▪ Abstract  As Jackie Gleason was wont to say: “How sweet it really is!” And—reflecting on the 1940s–1980s, when studies of microbial nutrition revealed exciting structure-function relationships of the B-complex vitamins with relevance to metabolism in humans—it really is. A chemistry degree from Beloit College and a doctorate in biochemistry from the University of Wisconsin set the stage for my life's work at Lederle Laboratories, the University of Illinois, and Vanderbilt University. At Lederle my research contributed to folic acid chemistry: coenzyme forms and function; antimetabolites and cancer chemotherapy. My subsequent university studies centered on lysine biosynthesis and metabolism, e.g. its precursor role in carnitine and in indolizidine alkaloids of physiological interest. There were also many opportunities to reach out and give something back to the system via teaching and diverse service activities, all of which has led to a happy, fulfilling career, one for which I am ever thankful.
Helen Hart, Remarkable Plant Pathologist (1900–1971)
Authors: Wilcoxson Roy D. 
Published: July 2002

[Figure: see text] Helen Hart was a Professor of Plant Pathology at the University of Minnesota from 1924 until retirement in 1966. Born in Janeville, Wisconsin, she died at Grants Pass, Oregon. Her scholarly research concentrated on wheat stem rust to understand host pathogen relationships and to develop rust–resistant cultivars. She did not teach formal courses but was heavily involved in making seminars a vital part of instruction, in teaching languages needed for graduate studies, and as an informal advisor for most rust research theses. She had common sense, excellent scientific judgment, and sound instincts on personnel matters that served the department well. A talented science writer, Hart served as editor of hundreds of theses and departmental manuscripts for publication. Her writing and editing skills were used as associate editor of Phytopathology for two years and as editor-in-chief from 1944–1951. A strong advocate of The American Phytopathological Sociecty, Helen Hart served on Council for 12 years and as President in 1956. Helen Hart was a great professional scientist who had a far-reaching impact on plant pathology during the twentieth century.
The Structure of Dialectic in the Meno
Authors: Franklin Lee 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this paper I offer a new interpretation of the philosophical method of the Meno. In the opening discussion of the dialogue, Plato introduces a restriction on answers in dialectical inquiry, which I call the Dialectical Requirement (DR). The DR is applied twice in the Meno, in different ways (75d5-7, 79d1-3). In the first section of the paper, I argue that the two applications of the DR represent the beginning and end of dialectic. This shows that dialectical inquiry starts from our linguistic competence with the name of the property we investigate, and ends only when we have an account saying what is common to and explanatory of the bearers of that property. Dialectic begins in our ordinary ability to speak and think about the world, and ends in genuine grasp of the underlying causes of nature. In the second section, I describe the resources of linguistic competence, and their role in dialectical progress. Our linguistic competence with the name of a property enables us to make a wide variety of statements about the property and its bearers in ordinary discourse. In dialectic, these ordinary statements act as a portfolio in which the property under investigation is presented to us writ large, through its instances, types, species, etc. We seek to develop an account that says what is common to, and explanatory of the phenomena in the portfolio. When an account is inconsistent with one of the things we tend to say, this demands revision either in the account, or in the portfolio of statements. In this way, the process by which we develop our account also helps to organize and revise the statements in our portfolio so that they and the account ultimately form a coherent, explanatory body of statements.
Genetic differentiation of the common toad (Bufo bufo) in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Scholl Adolf , Lüscher Beatrice , Grossenbacher Kurt 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe analysed the genetic differentiation of tadpoles from 24 Swiss populations of Bufo b. bufo and B. b. spinosus, using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis of eight enzymes coded by ten loci. For comparison, we included ten populations from more distant localities. Populations of Bufo calamita were included as outgroup. A very low level of genetic differentiation was found among populations from the Alpine region, including B. b. bufo populations from the Czech Republic and northern Germany, and B. b. spinosus populations from northern Italy. Genetic differentiation within populations was much higher than differentiation among populations or regions. In contrast, the southern French B. b. spinosus populations were clearly differentiated by allele substitution at three out of ten loci scored. These alleles of the French populations, however, were also found in low frequencies in some populations from western Switzerland and Italy. This is interpreted to result from gene flow. Morphometric data of adult B. bufo (13 populations, 174 adult toads) turned out to be strongly size dependent. However, relative arm length and density of large warts ventral to the parotoids showed differences between the two subspecies.
Analysis of two isolates of a Heterorhabditis bacteriophora population detected in Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Bertolotti María , De Sousa Gladys , Valenzuela Mónica , De Doucet María M.A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractEntomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis are associated with symbiotic bacteria Photorhabdus spp. (Enterobacteriaceae). Taxonomic studies confirm that each species of nematode has a specific natural association with only one species of bacterium (Boemare & Doucet, 1996). Except in a few cases, the bacteria change the colour of the parasitized insect to different reddish tones and produce bioluminescence (Grimont et al., 1984; Boemare & Doucet, 1996). These distinct colours would be assumed to be due to the different species of Photorhabdus and, consequently, to indicate different species of Heterorhabditis. Therefore, the colour of the cadaver has been used as a taxonomic character (Stock, 1993). In a single soil sample from Córdoba City, Argentina, two isolates of Heterorhabditis were found that were clearly distinguished by the colour of the parasitized Galleria mellonella larva: isolate A, violet-brown; B, reddish. These different phenotypes led us to suppose that the nematode isolates were associated with different symbiotic bacteria and that the nematodes were different species. The purposes of this work were: to establish the identity of the isolates and to compare them on the basis of morphological and morphometric characters, and isozyme patterns.
SEM observations and morphometrics of Hemicycliophora belemnis Germani & Luc, 1973 and Paratylenchus bukowinensis Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) from Iran
Authors: Minassian Vahe , Babajani Gholamreza , Chitambar John 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe natural occurrence of a rare species, Hemicycliophora belemnis, and a more common Paratylenchus bukowinensis, in the Dez forest near Ahwaz, Iran, is reported. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology and morphometry of populations of the two nematode species are detailed and compared with those of earlier reports. The population of Hemicycliophora belemnis was distinguished by a progression in variation in pattern of the lateral field present in individual females as opposed to only one type of variation in individual females according to earlier reports. Other differences included a lower number of tail annules, two to four vs two head annules in females, and in males, two longitudinal lateral incisures, a shorter tail and ratio of bursa annule width to corresponding body annule width. New information is given on the amphid apertures and head annules. The population of Paratylenchus bukowinensis was distinguished from earlier reported descriptions of the same species by greater mean values for body length, stylet length, distance of excretory pore from anterior end, as well as annulations extending to tail terminus, details of the vulval flaps, and absence of males. These differences were attributed to geographical influences and not deemed significant to warrant the creation of new species. Furthermore, the differences are indicative of the degree of variation and reliability of certain morphological and morphometrical values used in the differential diagnoses of the species.
Descriptions of Andrassya tundrovi Gagarin, 1993 and Malakhovia chernobyli gen. n., sp. n. (Nematoda: Andrassyidae fam. n.)
Authors: Tchesunov Alexei , Gagarin Vladimir 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe holotype female of Andrassya tundrovi Gagarin, 1993 is re-examined. Malakhovia chernobyli gen. n., sp. n. from the water reservoir (cooler) of Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station (northern Ukraine) is described based on several female specimens. The two genera Andrassya and Malakhovia are placed in a new family, Andrassyidae fam. n., characterised by presence of six setae in the cephalic sensilla pattern, pocket-like amphids, slender pharynx with posterior widening, paired outstretched ovaries, acute tail without evidence of caudal glands or spinneret. Malakhovia gen. n. differs from Andrassyia mainly in having a small buccal capsule and oviparity. Morphological traits and relationships of the two genera are discussed. The family Andrassyidae is tentatively placed in the order Enoplida. Description d'Andrassya tundrovi Gagarin, 1993 et de Malakhovia chernobyli gen. n., sp. n. (Nematoda: Andrassyidae fam. n.) - L'holotype femelle d'Andrassya tundrovi Gagarin, 1993 a ete examine. Malakhovia artemisiae gen. n., sp. n. provenant du reservoir d'eau de refroidissement de la centrale atomique de Chernobyl (Ukraine du nord) est decrit sur plusieurs specimens femelles. Les deux genres sont reunis dans la nouvelle famille des Andrassyidae fam. n. caracterisee par le developpement de six soies parmi les sensilles cephaliques, des amphides en forme de poches, un pharynx mince mais elargi posterieurement, deux ovaires replies, une queue pointue depourvue de glandes caudales et de filiere. Le genre Malakhovia gen. n. differe essentiellement du genre Andrassya par la presence d'une petite capsule buccale et son oviparite. Les caracteristiques morphologiques et les relations entre les deux genres sont discutees. La famille des Andrassyidae est placee avec quelques hesitations dans l'ordre des Enoplida.
Greenhouse and field resistance in cucumber to root-knot nematodes
Authors: Walters S. Alan , Wehner Todd C. , Barker Kenneth R. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Ten cultigens were evaluated for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria races 1
and 2, and M. javanica under greenhouse and field conditions. Resistance to
M. arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica was verified in Cucumis sativus
var. hardwickii line LJ 90430 and to M. arenaria race 2 in C. sativus var.
sativus Southern Pickler and Mincu in a greenhouse test. Another cultigen of
C. sativus var. hardwickii (PI 215589) was found to be resistant to M.
arenaria race 2 but not to other root-knot nematode species tested. LJ 90430
is the cultigen of choice to develop root-knot nematode resistant cucumbers,
since it has multiple root-knot nematode resistance and is cross-compatible
with cucumber. Greenhouse and field data were positively correlated (r =
0.74) over both years. Experiment repeatabilities were calculated from the
cultigens infected with root-knot nematodes under both greenhouse and field
conditions. Four environments (greenhouse and field over 2 years) were used
in the analysis. Repeatabilities were high in all instances (ranging from
0.83-0.99) and indicated that the environment (field or greenhouse) was not
an important factor in assessing root-knot nematode resistance for the
cultigens evaluated. Resistenz von Gurkengegen Wurzelgallennematoden im
Gewachshaus undim Freiland - Unter Gewachshausund Freilandbedingungen wurden
zehn Cultigene auf ihre Resistenz gegen Meloidogyne arenaria Rassen 1 und 2
und gegen M. javanica gepruft. Bei Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii Linie LJ
90430 wurde im Gewachshausversuch Resistenz gegen M. arenaria Rassen 1 und 2
sowie gegen M. javanica nachgewiesen, und in C. sativus var. sativus
"Southern Pickler" und "Mincu" Resistenz gegen M. arenaria Rasse 2. Cultigen
C. sativus var. hardwickii (PI 215589) war resistent gegen M. arenaria Rasse
2 aber nicht gegen die anderen gepruften Arten von Wurzelgallennematoden. LJ
90430 ist das Cultigen der Wahl bei der Entwicklung von Gurken, die gegen
Wurzelgallennematoden resistent sind, da es multiple Resistenzen gegen
Wurzelgallennematoden besitzt und kreuzungsvertraglich mit Gurke ist. Die
Ergebnisse der Gewachshaus- und Feldversuche waren uber beide Versuchsjahre
hin positiv korreliert (r = 0,74). Ausgehend von den Cultigenen, die im
Gewachshaus und im Freiland mit Wurzelgallennematoden infiziert waren,
wurden die Wiederholbarkeiten der Versuche berechnet. Dabei wurden vier
verschiedene Umweltbedingungen (Gewachshaus und Freiland uber zwei Jahre)
verwendet. Die Wiederholbarkeiten waren in allen Fallen hoch (0,83-0,99) und
zeigten an, dass die Umwelt (Freiland oder Gewachshaus) kein wichtiger
Faktor bei der Bestimmung der Resistenz gegen Wurzelgallennematoden bei den
gepruften Cultigenen war.
Effects of surface sterilisation and cold storage on in vitro behaviour of Pratylenchus penetrans
Authors: Peng Yunliang , Moens Maurice 
Published: July 2002

Abstract0.1% malachite green alone (15 min) or with 0.5% streptomycin sulphate were efficient to surface sterilise Pratylenchus penetrans. These treatments did not significantly reduce nematode movement, nor attraction to and penetration into Rosa dumetorum cv. Laxa seedlings. Streptomycin sulphate (0.2%, 24 h) and a split treatment of streptomycin sulphate (0.2%, 24 h) and malachite green (0.1%, 10 min) did not reduce surface contamination. Combinations based on mercuric chloride (0.05-0.1%, 1-1.5 min) affected the behaviour of juvenile and adult stages of P. penetrans. Storage (30 days) at 4 degrees C reduced the survival of P. penetrans and its attraction to and penetration into rose seedlings. Effets de la sterilisation superficielle et du stockage au froid sur le comportement in vitro de Pratylenchus penetrans - Un traitement de 15 min a l'aide de vert de malachite a 0,1%, seul ou additionne de sulfate de streptomycine a 0,5%, sterilise superficiellement Pratylenchus penetrans de facon efficace. De tels traitements ne diminuent pas les mouvements du nematode non plus que son attraction par et sa penetration dans les racines de plants de Rosa dumetorum cv. Laxa. L'utilisation de sulfate de streptomycine a 0,2% pendant 24 h ou un traitement en deux temps par le sulfate de streptomycine (0,2%; 24 h) puis par le vert de malachite (0,1%; 10 min) ne diminuent pas la contamination superficielle. Les traitements combines comprenant du chlorure de mercure (0,05-0,1%; 1-5 min) affectent le comportement des juveniles et des adultes de P. penetrans. Un stockage de 30 jours a 4 degrees C diminue la survie de P. penetrans ainsi que ses potentialites d'attraction et de penetration vis-a-vis des plants de rosier.
LA THÉOLOGIE MUSULMANE EN ASIE CENTRALE ET AU KHORASAN
Authors: Gilliot Claude 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCet article est la version longue et inédite de Gilliot, « Theology » (en Asie Centrale). Si la numérotation des paragraphes commence ici au numéro 42, c'est que le présent travail fait suite à « L'exégèse du Coran en Asie Centrale et au Khorasan », Stud. Isl., 89 (1999), p. 129-64, version augmentée de notre « Qur'anic exegesis » (en Asie Centrale). Les références complètes aux ouvrages ou articles que nous citons ci-après se trouvent dans nos références bibliographiques in fine, auxquelles il est parfois renvoyé avec la mention « v. bibliogr. ». Toutefois, même en l'absence de cette dernière, on les y trouvera. Les références aux articles parus dans des encyclopédies ne figurent que dans les notes. Nous ne traitons pas ici du mysticisme ut sic, et l'on pourra, à cet effet, se reporter à : Chabbi (J.), « Remarques sur le développement historique des mouvements ascétiques et mystiques au Khurasan », et à Radtke (B.), « Theologen und Mystiker in Hurāsān und Transoxanien ». Les paragraphes 68, 70-71 sont constitués d'addenda à « L'exégèse du Coran en Asie Centrale et au Khorasan » ; au paragraphe 69, on trouvera l'identification de l'auteur du Kitāb al-Mabānī.
Quantification of polyoma BK viruria in hemorrhagic cystitis complicating bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Leung Anskar Y. H. , Suen Christine K. M. , Lie Albert K. W. , Liang Raymond H. S. , Yuen Kwok Y. , Kwong Yok L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPolyoma BK virus (BKV) is frequently identified in the urine of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) patients with hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). However, viruria is common even in asymptomatic patients, making a direct causative role of BKV difficult to establish. This study prospectively quantified BK viruria and viremia in 50 BMT patients to define the quantitative relationship of BKV reactivation with HC. Adenovirus (ADV) was similarly quantified as a control. More than 800 patient samples were quantified for BKV VP1 gene with a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Twenty patients (40%) developed HC, 6 with gross hematuria (HC grade 2 or higher) and 14 with microscopic hematuria (HC grade 1). When compared with asymptomatic patients, patients with HC had significantly higher peak BK viruria (6 × 1012 versus 5.7 × 107genome copies/d, P &lt; .001) and larger total amounts of BKV excreted during BMT (4.9 × 1013 versus 7.7 × 108 genome copies, P &lt; .001). There was no detectable increase in BK viremia. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that BK viruria was the only risk factor, with HC not related to age, conditioning regimen, type of BMT, and graft-versus-host disease. Furthermore, the levels of ADV viruria in patients with or without HC were similar and comparable with those of BK viruria in patients without HC, suggesting that the significant increase in BK viruria in HC patients was not due to background viral reactivation or damage to the urothelium. BK viruria was quantitatively related to the occurrence of HC after BMT.
Phase II Study of Weekly Docetaxel and Trastuzumab for Patients With HER-2–Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Esteva Francisco J. , Valero Vicente , Booser Daniel , Guerra Laura T. , Murray James L. , Pusztai Lajos , Cristofanilli Massimo , Arun Banu , Esmaeli Bita , Fritsche Herbert A. , Sneige Nour , Smith Terry L. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of weekly docetaxel plus trastuzumab in women with HER-2–overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. Efficacy was correlated with serum HER-2 extracellular domain (ECD) levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty women with metastatic breast cancer were treated with weekly docetaxel and trastuzumab as first- or second-line therapy. Both docetaxel 35 mg/m2/wk and trastuzumab 2 mg/kg/wk were delivered in 4-week cycles consisting of three weekly treatments followed by 1 week of rest. A loading dose of trastuzumab 4 mg/kg was administered 1 day before the start of the first cycle. RESULTS: The median delivered dose-intensity of docetaxel was 24 mg/m2/wk (range, 18 to 27 mg/m2/wk). The intent-to-treat overall response rate (ORR) was 63% (95% confidence interval [CI], 44% to 80%). The ORR in patients whose tumors were HER-2–positive by fluorescence in situ hybridization was 67% (16 of 24 patients; 95% CI, 45% to 84%). In patients with elevated serum HER-2 ECD at baseline, the ORR was 76% (95% CI, 53% to 92%), compared with 33% (95% CI, 7% to 70%) in patients with low HER-2 ECD levels (P = .04). Variations in HER-2 ECD concentrations during treatment correlated with response to treatment. Median time to progression was 9 months. Acute toxicity, including myelosuppression, was mild. Fatigue, fluid retention, and excessive tearing became more common with repetitive dosing. CONCLUSION: Weekly docetaxel and trastuzumab is an active combination for treating patients with HER-2–overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. Serum HER-2 ECD testing may be a promising method for monitoring patients on trastuzumab-based therapy.