bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic‐based score differences and differential prediction of various cognitive and noncognitive admissions instruments in higher education
Authors: van Lamoen Pieter M. , Hiemstra Annemarie M. F. , Meeuwisse Marieke , Arends Lidia R. , Severiens Sabine E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSelective admissions in higher education based on preuniversity grade point average (pu‐GPA) can disadvantage ethnic minority students' admission chances. In this study, assessments of motivation and a curriculum‐sample test (CST) were compared with pu‐GPA by evaluating their effectiveness in mitigating ethnic‐based score differences while maintaining predictive validity over course grades. Data obtained from students (N = 306) in a high‐stakes admissions context were used. The motivation assessments and CST revealed no ethnic‐based score differences. Pu‐GPA and the CST were found to be positive predictors of the achievement of ethnic majority and ethnic minority students. The motivation assessments were poorly related to achievement. We conclude that CSTs show promise as a method for reducing ethnic‐based score differences in admissions procedures while maintaining predictive validity.
The sectoral consequences of private equity acquisitions: Spillovers in wages and employment
Authors: Eleftheriou Konstantinos , Wood Geoffrey , Ioakimidis Marilou , Komarev Iliya , Thomakos Dimitrios 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExisting Industrial Relations (IR) research suggests that Private Equity (PE) takeovers may have profound effects on the target firm's industrial relations policies and practices, most notably in terms of security of tenure and relative proclivity to engage in redundancies. This study supplements the literature by exploring the effects of PE takeovers on other firms in the same industry. We find that PE takeovers increase the sensitivity of target firms to wage costs; when there is an upward pressure on wages, they respond by shedding jobs to a greater extent than their non‐acquired same‐sector competitors. However, workers in non‐acquired firms were less likely to move to a firm that had been acquired by PE, even if pay was more than sectoral rates. Even if there is a strong emphasis on restraining wage costs in the target firm, PE takeovers do not necessarily lead to the degradation of employment practices elsewhere in the sector; rather, they may provide competitors opportunities to entice talented and skilled employees from the target firm.
Enhanced electric breakdown strength and excellent storing density in BaTiO3‐based ceramic in viscous polymer processing
Authors: Zhao Xing , He Minghui , Zeng Xinyu , Li Qin , Wu Guanghua , Chen Fukang , Zhang Shaofei , Sun Jinfeng , Vtyurin Alexander N. , Yan Yan , Zhang Haibo , Liu Gang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite being the key component in modern electronic devices or power systems, ceramic dielectric capacitors have drawbacks like low energy storage density and efficiency that limit their extensively wide application. This work adopted a different route to improve energy storage performance compared with the frequently utilized composition modification. 0.98Ba0.65Sr0.245Bi0.07TiO3‐0.02Ce Pb‐free ceramics with different polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) contents were prepared through viscous polymer processing. The rheological and energy‐storing performance were systematically studied. It can be seen that high PVA content results in more pores and larger grain sizes that will deteriorate the breakdown strength of ceramics. The highest breakdown strength reached 420 kV/cm while the concentration of PVA was 5 wt%. The mechanism of grain sizes on breakdown strength is studied by electrical tree simulation based on COMSOL. Viscous polymer processing with proper PVA content is very effective in generating dense and homogenous structures. Finally, the ceramic with 5 wt% PVA possesses a high density of up to 4.41 J/cm3 and an efficiency of about 84.21% at 420 kV/cm. Simultaneously, this ceramic improved stability of both temperature (30–150°C) and frequency (1–300 Hz) at 350 kV/cm, while the η kept above 90% and Wrec exceeding 3.6 J/cm3.
Smart watch applications in atrial fibrillation detection: Current state and future directions
Authors: Vyas Rahul , Jain Shubhika , Thakre Anuj , Thotamgari Sahith Reddy , Raina Sameer , Brar Vijaywant , Sengupta Partho , Agrawal Pratik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionAtrial fibrillation (Afib) is a prevalent chronic arrhythmia associated with severe complications, including stroke, heart failure, and increased mortality. This review explores the use of smartwatches for Afib detection, addressing the limitations of current monitoring methods and emphasizing the potential of wearable technology in revolutionizing healthcare.Results/ObservationCurrent Afib detection methods, such as electrocardiography, have limitations in sensitivity and specificity. Smartwatches with advanced sensors offer continuous monitoring, improving the chances of detecting asymptomatic and paroxysmal Afib. The review meticulously examines major clinical trials studying Afib detection using smartwatches, including the landmark Apple Heart Study and ongoing trials such as the Heart Watch, Heartline, and Fitbit Heart Study. Detailed summaries of participant numbers, smartwatch devices used, and key findings are presented. It also comments on the cost‐effectiveness and scalability of smartwatch‐based screening, highlighting the potential to reduce healthcare costs and improve patient outcomes.Conclusion/RelevanceThe integration of wearable technology into healthcare can lead to earlier diagnosis, improved patient engagement, and enhanced cardiac health monitoring. Despite ethical considerations and disparities, the potential benefits outweigh the challenges. This review calls for increased awareness, collaboration with insurance companies, and ongoing research efforts to optimize smartwatch accuracy and encourage widespread adoption of Afib detection. With insights from major trials, this review serves as a comprehensive reference for healthcare professionals and policymakers, guiding future strategies in the early diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation.
Differences in odor preferences of glass eels of two sympatric anguillid eels, the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica and the Indo‐Pacificeel A. marmorata
Authors: Kumai Yusuke , Kuroki Mari , Yamakawa Takashi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWater‐choice experiments were conducted using glass eels of Anguilla japonica and A. marmorata, which coexist in subtropical East Asian rivers. The results of the present study, together with those of previous water‐choice experiments, suggest that salinity enhances the odor preferences of glass eels. Compared to A. marmorata glass eels, A. japonica glass eels were more strongly attracted to water collected from a leaf detritus‐accumulating backwater area than to normal river water under the same salinity conditions. These results suggest that interspecific differences in odor preferences may facilitate their habitat segregation.
Screening of Sensorial and Inflammatory Changes in Patients Submitted to Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Simonetti Taíse , Tomasi Luisa A. , Fritscher Guilherme G. , Campos Maria M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite the high levels of success after orthognathic surgery, the immediate postoperative pain and edema, besides the neurosensorial deficits, are common complications.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the pattern of sensory and inflammatory responses in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.MethodsThis prospective observational study included 20 patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, who were evaluated in the preoperative period and on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 30 after surgery, using a battery of tests to assess sensorial and inflammatory changes.ResultsSubjective and objective evaluations of edema indicated a trend toward edema resolution within 30 days, with a significant decrease in mouth opening on days 1, 7, and 30 after surgery. Regarding nasal obstruction, a significant increase in Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores was demonstrated on the first, second, and third days, returning to preoperative levels after 30 days. There was a significant increase in visual analogic scale (VAS) scores from the first to the seventh day after surgery, with a reduction within 30 days. For mechanical and thermal sensitivity tests, the lower lip and chin regions had poorer results, without recovery after 30 days. Positive correlations were observed between painful and inflammatory parameters, as well as between subjective and objective evaluations. Analysis of saliva biomarkers did not show significant differences for pre‐ and postoperative CCL3 or CCL4 levels.ConclusionData provide new evidence about the early inflammatory and sensorial complications after orthognathic surgery.
Immunostaining for Mismatch Repair Complex Proteins Impacts on Clinical‐Pathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Salivary Glands
Authors: Magalhães Iana Aragão , Costa Gabriella Alves Julião , Crispim André Alves , Dantas Thinali Sousa , Sousa Fabrício Bitu , Bezerra Maria Júlia Barbosa , Silva Paulo Goberlânio de Barros 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of MMR proteins on clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).MethodThe solid pattern of ACC showed lower expression for MSH2 (p = 0.039). Significant imbalance in MSH2/MSH6 immunostaining was observed in all histological patterns (p < 0.001), and imbalance in PMS2/MLH1 immunostaining was observed in the cribriform pattern (p = 0.011). The presence of capsule was associated with high expression of MSH6 (p = 0.019), MLH1 (p = 0.045) and PMS2 (p = 0.009). The absence of cribriform pattern (p = 0.002) and capsule pattern (p = 0.025), as well as low expression for MSH6 (p = 0.006) and PMS2 (p = 0.037) were associated with lower overall survival. In multivariate analysis, loss of MSH2 (p = 0.039) and MLH1 (p = 0.017) were significantly associated with worse overall survival.ResultsTwenty‐four ACC were clinical‐pathologically evaluated and we perform immunohistochemistry for MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 and MLH1. Percentage counting of positive cells was performed in 10 fields of each histological pattern (cribriform, tubular and solid) and the averages of the 30 fields were considered for evaluation with other clinical‐pathological variables (Kruskal‐Wallis/Dunn, Friedman/Dunn, chi‐square, Log‐Rank Mantel‐Cox tests and Cox regression; SPSS v20.0, p < 0.05).DiscussionSalivary glands' ACC shows imbalance of the MMR complex and loss of expression of its components is associated with the overall survival of these patients.
MdNAC5: a key regulator of fructose accumulation in apple fruit
Authors: Zhang Bo , Yang Hui‐Juan , Li Ya‐Nan , Zhu Zhen‐Zhen , Zhao Zheng‐Yang , Yang Ya‐Zhou 
Published: October 2024

Summary
The sweetness of apple fruit is a key factor in the improvement of apple varieties, with fructose being the sweetest of the soluble sugars, playing a crucial role in determining the overall sweetness of the apple. Therefore, uncovering the key genes controlling fructose accumulation and deciphering the regulatory mechanisms of fructose are vitally important for the improvement of apple varieties.
In this study, through BSA‐seq and transcriptome analysis of the ‘Changfu 2’ × ‘Golden Delicious’ F1 hybrid population, MdNAC5 was identified as a key regulatory gene for fructose content.
MdNAC5 was shown to significantly influence fructose accumulation in both apples and tomatoes. Furthermore, we conducted a detailed identification of sugar transporters and metabolic enzymes in apples, discovering that MdNAC5 can enhance fructose accumulation in vacuoles and the conversion of sucrose to fructose by binding to and activating the promoters of the vacuolar sugar transporter MdTST2 and the neutral invertase MdNINV6. Additionally, MdNAC5 regulated the MdEIN3.4‐MdSWEET15a module, strengthening the unloading of sucrose in the phloem of the fruit.
Our results reveal a new mechanism by which MdNAC5 regulates fructose accumulation in apples and provide theoretical foundations for improving apple sweetness through genetic modification.
Role of cotyledons in aluminium accumulation as a tolerance strategy in Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (Polygonaceae) seedlings
Authors: Rodríguez‐Sánchez Verónica , Tapia‐Maruri Daniel , Márquez‐Guzmán Judith , Vázquez‐Santana Sonia , Cruz‐Ortega Rocío 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcidic soils have increased due to agricultural practices, climate factors, and the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers to meet food demand. In these soils, aluminium (Al) is soluble and can be taken up by roots, but it is toxic to most plant species. Fagopyrum esculentum is able to adapt to acidic toxic aluminium conditions. Anatomical studies identifying novel potential cellular structures as sites of Al accumulation are currently lacking. This study provides an anatomical description of the cotyledons, revealing the presence of papillae and glandular trichomes at their margins. In seedlings treated with 100 μM Al, energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (ESEM‐EDS) analysis of the cotyledons revealed that the margin has the highest concentration of Al. The margin containing the epidermal papillae was subjected to laser microdissection, and Al was quantified using mass spectrometry with an inductively coupled plasma source ICP‐MS and compared with the Al in the remaining leaf blades. The concentration of Al in the microdissected papillae was 3,460 mg Al kg−1 Dry Weight (DW), whereas the blades contained only 1,390 mg Al kg−1 DW. Moreover, histochemical tests for Al and total phenols in the epidermal papillae revealed that Al may be bound to phenolic compounds. Thus, this study demonstrated that the cotyledons of F. esculentum have epidermal papillae that can accumulate Al.
Shock Waves for Hair Growth and Regeneration in Patients With Female Pattern Hair Loss
Authors: Naranjo García Pablo , López Andrino Rodolfo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFemale pattern hair loss (FPHL) is women's most common form of alopecia. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of extracorporeal shock waves for hair growth and regeneration in women with FPHL.MethodsA prospective single‐center noncontrolled study was conducted in patients with FPHL who underwent eight treatment sessions with C‐Actor, a shock wave applicator. Outcome measures included total hair count, number of follicular units (FUs)—single FUs, double FUs, triple and bigger FUs—the average thickness, cumulative hair thickness, and changes in the Derived Sinclair scale, assessed with Tricholab (Fotofinder System). Patients completed a survey to assess their subjective perceptions of hair improvement regarding softness, hair loss, quality, and volume.ResultsTwenty women were included with a mean age of 43 (SD = 5.65). The mean increase in total hair count was 8.9% (p < 0.00001), in number of FUs 4.6% (p = 0.00031), in number of triple and bigger FUs 18.4% (p = 0.0004), in cumulative hair thickness 8.0% (p < 0.00001), with a decrease of 5.7% in mean Derived Sinclair scale value by 2.2–2.1 (p < 0.0001). After 3 months, 85% of patients perceived improvement in hair volume.ConclusionExtracorporeal shock waves for hair growth and capillary regeneration in women with FPHL showed statistically significant outcomes, and all patients reported an improvement in hair characteristics.
Picosecond Alexandrite Laser With Diffractive Lens Array Combined With Long‐Pulse Alexandrite Laser for the Treatment of Facial Photoaging in Chinese Women: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Changhan , Ke Youhui 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivesFacial photoaging is a type of facial skin aging induced mainly by exogenous factors (ultraviolet radiation) and often manifests itself in the form of hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia, roughness, increase in fine lines/wrinkles, and enlarged pores. Recently, picosecond lasers have become an emerging option for the treatment of facial photoaging, and long‐pulse alexandrite lasers (LPAL) have demonstrated promising potential in the treatment of photoaging‐related symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of picosecond alexandrite laser (PSAL) with diffractive lens array (DLA) combined with LPAL for facial photoaging.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 20 Chinese female patients with facial photoaging who received PSAL with DLA combined with LPAL during a 1‐year period. All patients were treated every 4 weeks for a total of three treatments. Objective indicators of facial photoaging and patient satisfaction were evaluated before each treatment, and pain scores and adverse effects were recorded after each treatment.ResultsCompared with baseline, patients showed significant differences in all facial photoaging indices (p < 0.01). After receiving three treatments, there was a 20.1% decrease in the pigmentation index, a 23.9% decrease in the erythema index, a 34.5% decrease in the texture index, a 28.4% decrease in the fine lines index, a 56% decrease in the pore index, a 9.3% elevation and a 17.1% decrease in elasticity R2 and F4, respectively, and a 55% decrease in sebum content. The mean satisfaction score for the three treatments was 4.67 (3.33, 5.00), and the mean visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score was 7.00. No serious adverse effects such as post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), hypopigmentation, or blistering were observed at the treatment site during the treatment period.ConclusionPSAL with DLA combined with LPAL for the treatment of facial photoaging with significant efficacy, high patient satisfaction, and minimal adverse effects.
A New Urban Center/Subcenters Identification Approach Based on Open Street Map in Polycentric Urban Landscapes in the U.S.
Authors: Wen Shaoting , Redican Kyle , Hurtado Carlos 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study concentrates on identifying urban centers and subcenters (UCSs) in the United States (U.S.). Conventional approaches to UCS estimation face challenges due to the discontinuation of crucial U.S. Census Geographies. This change has resulted in the inability to accurately define UCSs for research or policymaking. By leveraging open‐source points‐of‐interest and performing Kernel Density Estimations (KDE), this research identifies UCSs in Virginia metropolitan areas. Validation is achieved by combining the KDE estimates with local zoning codes, showing an alternative path to overcome the UCS research challenges. Through this innovative methodology, researchers, practitioners, and planners can identify spaces of urban economic activity and facilitate a deeper understanding of urban landscapes.
Evolutionary origin and functional investigation of the widely conserved plant PEBP gene STEPMOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (SMFT)
Authors: Bellinazzo Francesca , Nadal Bigas Judit , Hogers Rensco A. H. , Kodde Jan , van der Wal Froukje , Kokkinopoulou Pinelopi , Duijts Kilian T. M. , Angenent Gerco C. , van Dijk Aalt D. J. , van Velzen Robin , Immink Richard G. H. 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYGenes of the family PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE‐BINDING PROTEINS (PEBP) have been intensely studied in plants for their role in cell (re)programming and meristem differentiation. Recently, sporadic reports of the presence of a new type of PEBP in plants became available, highly similar to the YY‐PEBPs of prokaryotes. A comprehensive investigation of their spread, origin, and function revealed conservation across the plant kingdom. The YY‐PEBP clade in plants seems to have resulted from a single Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) episode from a prokaryotic organism to an ancestral streptophyte. YY‐PEBPs are also present in other eukaryotes, such as certain fungi, diatoms, and rotifers, and these cases derive from independent HGT events. Reciprocally, the occurrence of the eukaryotic CETS/RKIP type PEBPs (CR‐PEBPs) was noticed in bacteria of the genus Nocardia, showing that HGT has occurred as well from eukaryotes to prokaryotes. Based on these observations, we propose that the current model of the PEBP family in plants needs to be updated with the clade STEPMOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (SMFT). SMFT genes not only share high sequence conservation but also show specific expression in homologous plant structures that serve as propagules. Functional analysis of Arabidopsis smft mutant lines pointed to a function for this gene in regulating seed germination, both concerning primary dormancy release and in response to adverse high‐temperature conditions. Overall, our study reveals an increasing complexity in the evolutionary history of the PEBP gene family, unlocking new potential in understanding the evolution and functional spectrum of these important key regulatory genes.
Operation Optimization Framework for Advanced Reactors Using a Data-Driven Digital Twin
Authors: Rivas Andy , Delipei Gregory K. , Hou Jason 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To meet future energy demand, while producing safe, reliable, and carbon-free energy, nuclear reactors will be needed. To make next-generation reactors more economically competitive, the Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning-based operation optimization module of the dynamic operation and maintenance optimization (DyOMO) framework is proposed. The operation optimization module of DyOMO consists of a data-driven digital twin coupled to a genetic algorithm (GA) optimizer to quickly and efficiently search the solution space for optimal control schemes. The digital twin consists of a Bayesian Network (BN) known as MVCBayes to incorporate uncertainty in the optimization and feedforward neural networks (FFNN) as MVCNet with GA to conduct the optimization. Over time as reactor systems are operating, component degradation will cause the system's electrical output to decrease or be shutdown entirely to perform maintenance. To prevent this, the DyOMO operation optimization module aims to prolong system operation until the next scheduled maintenance period using multiple variable control (MVC) that simultaneously perturbs all actuators to better control the reactor. Comparing this approach with traditional single variable control (SVC), MVC can extend reactor operation past 5% degradation while SVC begins to struggle once the pump and turbine degradation surpasses 0.85% for load-following (LF) operation. Given this extra operation time, the system can continue to run while maximizing its safety margin until the next scheduled shutdown and potentially decrease the total number of maintenance actions throughout the license period to decrease operational and maintenance (O&M) costs.