bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and compilation of specifications for a modular‐prefabricated high‐rise steel frame structure with diagonal braces. Part I: Integral structural design
Authors: Liu Xuechun , Zhou Xiaojun , Zhang Ailin , Tian Chen , Zhang Xun , Tan Yongqiang 
Published: August 2017

SummaryPrefabricated steel structures have certain obvious advantages, that is, rapid construction, industrial production, and environmental protection. Although prefabricated structures have been applied in a number of countries in the world, in most cases, these structures are suitable only for low‐rise buildings, and their applications in high‐rise buildings are nota\bly rare. This paper proposes a new type of prefabricated steel structure called the modular‐prefabricated high‐rise steel frame structure with diagonal braces. Based on the T30 building, which is a hotel building with 30 storeys above the ground, the mechanical properties, failure mode, failure mechanism, and elastic–plastic development laws of the structure were studied via elastic and elastic–plastic design and analyses under various load cases and combinations. The analysis of the internal force and displacement response with frequent earthquakes was performed using the response spectrum and elastic time‐history methods, and an analysis under rare earthquakes is performed via static elastic–plastic pushover analysis. This paper summarizes the elastic and elastic–plastic structural design methods and process. This study provides important references for the design of this kind of modular‐prefabricated high‐rise steel structure, and the design method has been compiled into a design specification named Technical Specifications for Prefabricated Steel Frame Structure with Diagonal Bracing Joints.
Tailoring incoming shear and turbulence profiles for lab‐scale wind turbines
Authors: Hearst R. Jason , Ganapathisubramani Bharathram 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn active grid is used to generate a variety of turbulent shear profiles in a wind tunnel. The vertical bars are set to flap through varying angles across the test section producing a variation in the perceived solidity, resulting in a mean shear. The horizontal bars are used in a fully random operational mode to set the background turbulence level. It is demonstrated that mean velocity profiles with approximately the same shear can be produced with different turbulence intensities and local turbulent Reynolds numbers based on the Taylor microscale, λ. Conversely, it is also demonstrated that flows can be produced with similar turbulence intensity profiles but different mean shear. It is confirmed that the length scales and dynamics, the latter being assessed through the velocity spectra and probability density functions, do not vary significantly across the investigation domain. Such flows are of particular relevance for studies investigating the effect of in‐flow conditions on obstacles where these studies wish to decouple the effects of turbulence intensity and mean shear, a feat previously unattainable in experimental facilities. Given that the power output of wind turbines is known to be a function of both mean shear and turbulence intensity, the experimental methodology presented herein is invaluable to the wind turbine model testing community who, at present, cannot exert such control authority over the in‐flow conditions.
Determination of Crystal Orientation by Ω-Scan Method in Nickel-Based Single-Crystal Turbine Blades
Authors: Gancarczyk Kamil , Albrecht Robert , Berger Hans , Szeliga Dariusz , Gradzik Andrzej , Sieniawski Jan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The article presents an assessment of the crystal perfection of single-crystal turbine blades based on the crystal orientation and lattice parameter distribution on their surface. Crystal orientation analysis was conducted by the X-ray diffraction method Ω-scan and the X-ray diffractometer provided by the EFG Company. The Ω-scan method was successfully used for evaluation of the crystal orientation and lattice parameters in semiconductors. A description of the Ω-scan method and an example of measurement of crystal orientation compared to the Laue and EBSD methods are presented.
DYNAMIC HEDGING OF LONGEVITY RISK: THE EFFECT OF TRADING FREQUENCY
Authors: Li Hong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates dynamic hedging strategies for pension and annuity liabilities that are exposed to longevity risk. In particular, we consider a hedger who wishes to minimize the variance of her hedging error using index-based longevity-linked derivatives. To cope with the fact that liquidity of longevity-linked derivatives is still limited, we consider a liquidity constrained case where the hedger can only trade longevity-linked derivatives at a frequency lower than other assets. Time-consistent, closed-form solutions of optimal hedging strategies are obtained under a forward mortality framework. In the numerical illustration, we show that lowering the trading of the longevity-linked derivatives to a 2-year frequency only leads to a slight loss of the hedging performance. Moreover, even when the longevity-linked derivatives are traded at a very low (5-year) frequency, dynamic hedging strategies still significantly outperform the static one.
Transatlantic convergence of preferential trade agreements environmental clauses
Authors: Morin Jean-Frédéric , Rochette Myriam 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe United States and the European Union include several environmental clauses in their respective preferential trade agreements (PTAs). Building on an exhaustive and fine-grained dataset of PTAs’ environmental clauses, this article makes two contributions. First, it shows that the United States and the European Union have initially favored different approaches to environmental protection in their PTAs. The United States’ concerns over regulatory sovereignty and level playing field have led to a legalistic and adversarial approach, while the European Union's concerns for policy coherence have led to a more procedural and cooperative approach. Second, this article provides evidence that European and American trade negotiators have gradually converged on a shared set of environmental norms. Although the United States and the European Union initially pursued different objectives, they learned from each other and drew similar lessons. As a result, recent American agreements have become more European-like, and European agreements have become more Americanized. This article concludes that U.S. and E.U. approaches, far from being incompatible, can usefully be combined and reinforce each other.
Update on Minimal Standards for Electroencephalography in Canada: A Review by the Canadian Society of Clinical Neurophysiologists
Authors: Dash Dianne , Dash Chelsea , Primrose Sara , Hernandez-Ronquillo Lizbeth , Moien-Afshari Farzad , Ladino Lady D. , Appendino Juan Pablo , Mazepa Lindsay , Elliott Christine , Mirsattari Seyed M. , Federico Paolo , Bui Esther , Hunter Gary , RamachandranNair Rajesh , Sharma Rohit , Melendres Paula , Nikkel Joanne , Nguyen Dang Khoa , Almubarak Salah , Rigby Mike , Téllez-Zenteno Jose F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSurface electroencephalogram (EEG) recording remains the gold standard for noninvasive assessment of electrical brain activity. It is the most efficient way to diagnose and classify epilepsy syndromes as well as define the localization of the epileptogenic zone. The EEG is useful for management decisions and for establishing prognosis in some types of epilepsy. Electroencephalography is an evolving field in which new methods are being introduced. The Canadian Society of Clinical Neurophysiologists convened an expert panel to develop new national minimal guidelines. A comprehensive evidence review was conducted. This document is organized into 10 sections, including indications, recommendations for trained personnel, EEG yield, paediatric and neonatal EEGs, laboratory minimal standards, requisitions, reports, storage, safety measures, and quality assurance.
The Uniform Cortex Sign: A Diagnostic Sign of Diffuse Cortical Injury on MR Imaging of the Brain at 1.5 T
Authors: Leung Andrew , Patel Apurva , Bahakeem Basem , Pelz David , Lee Donald , Sharma Manas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground: To introduce the “uniform cortex sign” (UCS) and evaluate its performance as a diagnostic test for the presence of diffuse cortical injury (DCI). Methods: The study was approved by our institutional review board. Three experienced neuroradiologists were given a tutorial on the UCS. They were subsequently presented with 14 cases (7 control patients and 7 DCI patients with the UCS) in random order and asked to determine whether the UCS was present. Each case consisted of selected DWI, T2-weighted, and FLAIR images from unenhanced 1.5T MRI examinations. A consensus result for each case was determined by unanimity or majority rule. Results: All control patients were correctly identified as normal by all neuroradiologists (7/7). The UCS was correctly identified in 86% of DCI patients (6/7). UCS interrater agreement was high (multirater κ=0.81). Conclusions: This small study shows that the UCS can identify DCI, especially in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The UCS can be subtle, hence the reader must be vigilant for this finding. The accuracy of the UCS may depend on the extent of cortical injury and time between injury and MRI. Also, a UCS may be reversible, as in our case of viral meningoencephalitis.
Faunal Introductions to the Balearic Islands in the Early 1st Millennium Cal BC
Authors: Ramis Damià , Anglada Montserrat , Ferrer Antoni , Plantalamor Lluís , Van Strydonck Mark 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOnly domestic mammals (sheep, goat, cattle, pig, and dog) and two rodent species constituted the faunal package introduced to the Balearic Islands by the early settlers in the 3rd millennium cal BC. Later animal introductions in the archipelago were thought to occur by the end of the 1st millennium cal BC due to contacts with Punic merchants or, more than likely, to the Roman conquest of the islands. Recently, several faunal remains belonging to different vertebrates (red deer, chicken, and rabbit) were found in the Talayotic site of Cornia Nou (Minorca), in contexts that date to the early 1st millennium cal BC. A series of radiocarbon (14C) dates was made directly on samples of small species to exclude the possibility of infiltration into lower layers. The obtained results show that chicken and rabbit were already present on Minorca in the early 1st millennium cal BC. Chicken is recorded in Phoenician colonies in south Iberia as early as the 8th century cal BC. Rabbit, on the other hand, is indigenous to the Iberian Peninsula. These new faunal introductions recorded in Minorca could be related to the Late Bronze and Phoenician maritime activity.
METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY OF ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS ALONGSIDE TRIALS OF KNEE PHYSIOTHERAPY
Authors: García-Pérez Lidia , Linertová Renata , Arvelo-Martín Alejandro , Guerra-Marrero Carolina , Martínez-Alberto Carlos Enrique , Cuéllar-Pompa Leticia , Escobar Antonio , Serrano-Aguilar Pedro 
Published: August 2017

Objectives:The methodological quality of an economic evaluation performed alongside a clinical trial can be underestimated if the paper does not report key methodological features. This study discusses methodological assessment issues on the example of a systematic review on cost-effectiveness of physiotherapy for knee osteoarthritis.Methods:Six economic evaluation studies included in the systematic review and related clinical trials were assessed using the 10-question check-list by Drummond and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale.Results:All economic evaluations were performed alongside a clinical trial but the studied interventions were too heterogeneous to be synthesized. Methodological quality of the economic evaluations reported in the papers was not free of drawbacks, and in some cases, it improved when information from the related clinical trial was taken into account.Conclusions:Economic evaluation papers dedicate little space to methodological features of related clinical trials; therefore, the methodological quality can be underestimated if evaluated separately from the trials. Future economic evaluations should follow more strictly the recommendations about methodology and the authors should pay special attention to the quality of reporting.
Validation and incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with type 2 diabetes in the BIFAP database
Authors: SAIZ L. C. , GARJÓN J. , GORRICHO J. , ERVITI J. , GIL-GARCÍA M. J. , MARTÍN-MERINO E. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYOral anti-diabetic drugs (OADs) have been associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to validate the recording of CAP in the Spanish Database for Pharmacoepidemiological Research in Primary Care (BIFAP) for the future evaluation of OAD–CAP association. The incidence rate (IR/1000 person-years) of CAP in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was also determined. In total, 2966 pneumonia records (2040 listed as diagnosis and 926 as identified from comments added by physicians) were identified from 76 009 patients with T2DM after the first OAD in 2002–2013. Data around the CAP date were reviewed: 1803 (60·9%) were classified as ‘probable CAP’ (confirmed by X-ray/laboratory, referral letters or CAP lung site); 589 (19·8%) as ‘no-case’ (486 had other illness, 78 previous CAP, 25 cancer); and 574 (19·4%) as ‘possible CAP’ (441 without confirmatory information, 133 with uncertain diagnosis or uncertain diagnosis date). In total, 74·2% and 31·4% of pneumonia records in the diagnosis and comments, respectively, were ‘probable cases’ (IR: 6·04), which increased to 90·5% and 42·9%, respectively, when the 441 ‘possible cases’ without confirmatory information were included (IR: 7·52). In summary, diagnosis had a high positive predictive value, and adding cases automatically detected from comments decreased that value significantly.
An evolving view of retinogeniculate transmission
Authors: LITVINA ELIZABETH Y. , CHEN CHINFEI 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe thalamocortical (TC) relay neuron of the dorsoLateral Geniculate Nucleus (dLGN) has borne its imprecise label for many decades in spite of strong evidence that its role in visual processing transcends the implied simplicity of the term “relay”. The retinogeniculate synapse is the site of communication between a retinal ganglion cell and a TC neuron of the dLGN. Activation of retinal fibers in the optic tract causes reliable, rapid, and robust postsynaptic potentials that drive postsynaptics spikes in a TC neuron. Cortical and subcortical modulatory systems have been known for decades to regulate retinogeniculate transmission. The dynamic properties that the retinogeniculate synapse itself exhibits during and after developmental refinement further enrich the role of the dLGN in the transmission of the retinal signal. Here we consider the structural and functional substrates for retinogeniculate synaptic transmission and plasticity, and reflect on how the complexity of the retinogeniculate synapse imparts a novel dynamic and influential capacity to subcortical processing of visual information.
Smartphone tool to collect repeated 24 h dietary recall data in Nepal
Authors: Harris-Fry Helen , Beard B James , Harrisson Tom , Paudel Puskar , Shrestha Niva , Jha Sonali , Shrestha Bhim P , Manandhar Dharma S , Costello Anthony , Saville Naomi M 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo outline the development of a smartphone-based tool to collect thrice-repeated 24 h dietary recall data in rural Nepal, and to describe energy intakes, common errors and researchers’ experiences using the tool.DesignWe designed a novel tool to collect multi-pass 24 h dietary recalls in rural Nepal by combining the use of a CommCare questionnaire on smartphones, a paper form, a QR (quick response)-coded list of foods and a photographic atlas of portion sizes. Twenty interviewers collected dietary data on three non-consecutive days per respondent, with three respondents per household. Intakes were converted into nutrients using databases on nutritional composition of foods, recipes and portion sizes.SettingDhanusha and Mahottari districts, Nepal.SubjectsPregnant women, their mothers-in-law and male household heads. Energy intakes assessed in 150 households; data corrections and our experiences reported from 805 households and 6765 individual recalls.ResultsDietary intake estimates gave plausible values, with male household heads appearing to have higher energy intakes (median (25th–75th centile): 12 079 (9293–14 108) kJ/d) than female members (8979 (7234–11 042) kJ/d for pregnant women). Manual editing of data was required when interviewers mistook portions for food codes and for coding items not on the food list. Smartphones enabled quick monitoring of data and interviewer performance, but we initially faced technical challenges with CommCare forms crashing.ConclusionsWith sufficient time dedicated to development and pre-testing, this novel smartphone-based tool provides a useful method to collect data. Future work is needed to further validate this tool and adapt it for other contexts.
Greater access to healthy food outlets in the home and school environment is associated with better dietary quality in young children
Authors: Barrett Millie , Crozier Sarah , Lewis Daniel , Godfrey Keith , Robinson Sian , Cooper Cyrus , Inskip Hazel , Baird Janis , Vogel Christina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo explore associations between dietary quality and access to different types of food outlets around both home and school in primary school-aged children.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingHampshire, UK.SubjectsChildren (n1173) in the Southampton Women’s Survey underwent dietary assessment at age 6 years by FFQ and a standardised diet quality score was calculated. An activity space around each child’s home and school was created using ArcGIS. Cross-sectional observational food outlet data were overlaid to derive four food environment measures: counts of supermarkets, healthy specialty stores (e.g. greengrocers), fast-food outlets and total number of outlets, and a relative measure representing healthy outlets (supermarkets and specialty stores) as a proportion of total retail and fast-food outlets.ResultsIn univariate multilevel linear regression analyses, better diet score was associated with exposure to greater number of healthy specialty stores (β=0·025sd/store: 95 % CI 0·007, 0·044) and greater exposure to healthy outlets relative to all outlets in children’s activity spaces (β=0·068sd/10 % increase in healthy outlets as a proportion of total outlets, 95 % CI 0·018, 0·117). After adjustment for mothers’ educational qualification and level of home neighbourhood deprivation, the relationship between diet and healthy specialty stores remained robust (P=0·002) while the relationship with the relative measure weakened (P=0·095). Greater exposure to supermarkets and fast-food outlets was associated with better diet only in the adjusted models (P=0·017 andP=0·014, respectively).ConclusionsThe results strengthen the argument for local authorities to increase the number of healthy food outlets to which young children are exposed.
Die Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie
Authors: Esser Günter , Schmidt Martin H. 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung. Die Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie untersucht die psychische Entwicklung und ihre Störungen bei Kindern mit unterschiedlich ausgeprägten Risiken mit dem Ziel, Empfehlungen für die Verbesserung der Prävention, Früherkennung und Frühbehandlung von psychischen Störungen bei Kindern abzuleiten. Dazu begleitet sie eine Kohorte von anfangs 384 Kindern in ihrer Entwicklung von der Geburt bis zum Erwachsenenalter. Die Erhebungen fanden in regelmäßigen Abständen statt, beginnend im Alter von 3 Monaten, mit 2 Jahren, 4;6, 8, 11, 15, 19, 22, 23 und 25 Jahren. Geplant ist eine weitere Erhebung mit ca. 30 Jahren.
FGF1 protects neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from p53-dependent apoptosis through an intracrine pathway regulated by FGF1 phosphorylation
Authors: Pirou Caroline , Montazer-Torbati Fatemeh , Jah Nadège , Delmas Elisabeth , Lasbleiz Christelle , Mignotte Bernard , Renaud Flore 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNeuroblastoma, a sympathetic nervous system tumor, accounts for 15% of cancer deaths in children. In contrast to most human tumors, p53 is rarely mutated in human primary neuroblastoma, suggesting impaired p53 activation in neuroblastoma. Various studies have shown correlations between fgf1 expression levels and both prognosis severity and tumor chemoresistance. As we previously showed that fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) inhibited p53-dependent apoptosis in neuron-like PC12 cells, we initiated the study of the interaction between the FGF1 and p53 pathways in neuroblastoma. We focused on the activity of either extracellular FGF1 by adding recombinant rFGF1 in media, or of intracellular FGF1 by overexpression in human SH-SY5Y and mouse N2a neuroblastoma cell lines. In both cell lines, the genotoxic drug etoposide induced a classical mitochondrial p53-dependent apoptosis. FGF1 was able to inhibit p53-dependent apoptosis upstream of mitochondrial events in SH-SY5Y cells by both extracellular and intracellular pathways. Both rFGF1 addition and etoposide treatment increased fgf1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Conversely, rFGF1 or overexpressed FGF1 had no effect on p53-dependent apoptosis and fgf1 expression in neuroblastoma N2a cells. Using different FGF1 mutants (that is, FGF1K132E, FGF1S130A and FGF1S130D), we further showed that the C-terminal domain and phosphorylation of FGF1 regulate its intracrine anti-apoptotic activity in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. This study provides the first evidence for a role of an intracrine growth factor pathway on p53-dependent apoptosis in neuroblastoma, and could lead to the identification of key regulators involved in neuroblastoma tumor progression and chemoresistance.
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling modulates the inflammatory phenotype of fetal brain microglia: first evidence of interference by iron homeostasis
Authors: Cortes M. , Cao M. , Liu H. L. , Moore C. S. , Durosier L. D. , Burns P. , Fecteau G. , Desrochers A. , Barreiro L. B. , Antel J. P. , Frasch M. G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNeuroinflammation in utero may result in life-long neurological disabilities. Microglia play a pivotal role, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. No early postnatal treatment strategies exist to enhance neuroprotective potential of microglia. We hypothesized that agonism on α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in fetal microglia will augment their neuroprotective transcriptome profile, while the antagonistic stimulation of α7nAChR will achieve the opposite. Using an in vivo - in vitro model of developmental programming of neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we validated this hypothesis in primary fetal sheep microglia cultures re-exposed to LPS in presence of a selective α7nAChR agonist or antagonist. Our RNAseq and protein level findings show that a pro-inflammatory microglial phenotype acquired in vitro by LPS stimulation is reversed with α7nAChR agonistic stimulation. Conversely, antagonistic α7nAChR stimulation potentiates the pro-inflammatory microglial phenotype. Surprisingly, under conditions of LPS double-hit an interference of a postulated α7nAChR - ferroportin signaling pathway may impede this mechanism. These results suggest a therapeutic potential of α7nAChR agonists in early re-programming of microglia in neonates exposed to in utero inflammation via an endogenous cerebral cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Future studies will assess the role of interactions between inflammation-triggered microglial iron sequestering and α7nAChR signaling in neurodevelopment.