bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer Selection of Twin Pairs
Authors: Schiöttz-Christensen E. 
Published: July 2016

A new method of cross-sectional twin sampling from a population may be used in countries where authorities utilize electronic data processing of National Register data.In Denmark, all National Register data are collected on magnetic tape. In January 1969 it was consequently possible, by the help of a 360-COBOL programme, to select all individuals in the Copenhagen area with identical birthday, month and year, and identical address. The selection was limited to the years 1943 to 1968.Data from every person were tested against data from all other persons, to prove whether the person had one or more partners with identical data, i. e., twin, triplet, or quadruplet partners. Names and current addresses of the twins were written on self-adhesive labels intended for later correspondence. Had it been desirable, the computer might have produced, in the same operation, index cards and questionnaires ready for mailing. In the primary sample, a few “false” twin pairs from great collective housekeepings (as, for example, colleges) were included. These “false” pairs were excluded after comparing the partners surnames.From the total population of 1 712 000 people, 4595 twin, 25 triplet, and 1 quadruplet sets were found. As many as 3754 twin pairs were born in 1951-1967. Of these, 34.68% were of opposite sex. Of the remaining pairs, 642 were born in 1943-1950, 28.19% being of opposite sex.
Twin Registers A progress report
Authors: Gedda L. , Milani-Comparetti M. 
Published: July 2016

The Mendel Institute in Rome houses a Twin Register that was initiated by the senior author even before the opening of the Institute (September 1953).The purpose of the Twin Register, originally limited to research on twin concordances as to blood glutathione levels (a subject that is still under investigation, as shown by the report presented at this Symposium by Gedda and Tatarelli), was gradually widened to cover the full horizon of twin studies.The realization that the twin method, in its various formulations, is irreplaceable in most areas of biomedical research, led to the decision to include in the Register each and every contactable twin pair; wide use of mass media was made for recruitment purposes.Recruitment generally occurred at very early ages, and all pairs are constantly followed. Formerly, definite zygosity determinations were obtained only for those pairs that were selected for specific research purposes. Zygosity determinations are currently being extended to all those pairs who come to the Institute's clinics, within the limits of the available budget (it should be noted that the Institute is a private foundation which provides free medical care to any twin. Lack of capital funds forces the Institute to limit its research activities to those for which grants are obtained).
The Swedish Twin Registry Past and future use
Authors: Cederlöf R. , Floderus B. , Friberg L. 
Published: July 2016

The Swedish Twin Registry of the Karolinska Institute comprises about 10 000 sets of twins, and was built up in 1961-1962. It covers about 95% of all Swedish same-sexed twins that were born in the country in 1886-192 5 and were still living as unbroken pairs at the time of compilation.The compilation procedure has been presented in detail by Cederlöf (1966a), and will be summarized as follows. Since the middle of the last century, a rather unique system for population registration has existed in Sweden. It is based not only on birth records, but also on migration records. As soon as an individual moves away from the place he lives, he has to notify the authorities as to where he moves. This system made it possible for us to follow-up any individual from his place of birth to his next place of living, and so on, until we found his current address or had to discard him as deceased. We started, in that way, with about 41 000 multiple birth records, handscreened from about 3½ million birth records from all Sweden during the period in question, and ended with a series of about 12 000 located sets of twins. Of the remainder, about 26 000 had to be discarded, due to death of one or both partners; 1 000, due to emigration to foreign countries; and 100, due to hospitalization in mental asylums, or home for aged people, etc. In the compilation procedure we lost track of about 1 100 individuals, or 1.5%.The zygosity of the twins has been determined with the aid of some similarity questions contained in a questionnaire, mailed to all the twins in the registry. Out of several questions, one proved to be of high reliability, namely the very simple question whether the twins as children were as alike as two peas in a pod, or of family likeness only. We assumed that if both twins in a set agreed in saying that they had been as alike as two peas in a pod, the pair was MZ. If they, on the other hand, agreed in saying that they had been of family likeness only, we regarded the pair as DZ. We validated this questionnaire diagnosis by analyzing the outcome from a subsample of 200 pairs who had also been examined serologically in regard to five markers, A1A2BO, MN, Rh, Hp, and Gm. The results were reported here in Rome in 1961 and showed an agreement in diagnoses of 95% for MZ and 90% for DZ (Cederlöf et al, 1061).
Experimental Inhibition of the Virus-Induced Rauscher Leukemia of the Mouse
Authors: Seidel H. J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryChemotherapy of murine Rauscher virus-induced leukemia using Trenimon, 6-Mercaptopurine, 5-Fluorouracil and Melphalan is described. Therapy is based on nucleated cell counts in peripheral blood and body weight of the animals. Remarkable remissions of the number of nucleated cells — not occurring in untreated animals — are induced by Trenimon and 6-Mercaptopurine. Prolongation of survival times exceeds 100% in the groups treated with Trenimon, 6-Mercaptopurine, and 5-Fluorouracil.
Introduction to the General Discussion on the Cytological and Haematological Effects of Antimitotics
Authors: Astaldi G. 
Published: July 2016

I will just make a few remarks before opening this General Discussion on the Cytological and Haematological effects of Antimitotics. I believe that numerous and interesting will be your comments. Let me first go back very briefly to the pioneer of these compounds, colchicine, already mentioned in the Egyptian, Greek, and Roman Pharmacology, but whose stathmokinetic effect was illustrated by P. Dustin Sr. just in 1934. We are lucky enough to have in our program the Dustin name perpetrated through his son, A. P. Dustin Jr.Several years ago, since 1947 on, my group adopted colchicine to perform a test for evaluating in tissue culture the proliferative activity of the blood-forming cells from different physio-pathologic conditions. Using that method, among other it was possible to ascertain that — contrary to expectations — the proliferative activity of the bone marrow cells in human leukaemias is rather low, and this finding has been later confirmed by many investigators using different approachments and methods. Quite recently, in collaboration with Gociu M. and Airò R., I have started investigating the effect of colchicine on the blastic transformation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with Phytohaemagglutinin (Phyto) in cell culture. The main purposes of this research project are:1. To test the effect of colchicine on the blastic development process, which occurs as a consequence of such an intense RNA- and DNA- synthesis presented by human lymphocytes in the Phyto-culture system;2. To evaluate the extent of proliferation of the Phyto-stimulated lymphocytes, because the divisions which occur in these cells could definitely contribute in making higher their number. (In fact, the number of the blast-like cells obtained after 3-4 days of cell culture with Phyto is a function not only of the number of the lymphocytes which undergo blastic transformation, but also of the number of the same blastlike cells which undergo mitotic division).
A case of uniovular Twins of which one child was normal and the other had the syndrome of mongolism
Authors: van Beukering J. A. , Vervoorn J. D. 
Published: July 2016

An African woman of about 40 years old reported to the out-patients' department on 31st January 1955 because of nausea and vomiting, with amenorrhoea of three months duration. Examination revealed a 2-months' pregnancy. She had six normal deliveries of which three children were still living.On 3rd February she reported again, complaining of stomach-ache and diarrhoea. The stool examination showed some leucocytes and erythrocytes, but no amoebae, cysts or parasitic ova. On 23rd February the woman again reported, this time with a simple pharyngitis. She came again on 29th June for pre-natal examination and treatment. She had no complaints and was seen to be about 32 weeks pregnant, with a moderate degree of hydramnios. The foetal heart was inaudible.On 1st August she was admitted to hospital in labour. The membranes were intact, the cervix fully dilatated and presentation was occipito-anterior of the vertex. Artificial rupture of the membranes released only a small amount of amniotic fluid, but labour proceeded normally with the usual quantity of fluid accompanying the birth. Immediately this child was born another bag of waters presented, which was ruptured to release about six pints of amniotic fluid. A second baby now presented by the breech and was delivered by Bracht's method. We noticed at once that this second baby was affected by mongolism.
Eineiige Zwillingsmädchen mit konkordantem Albinismus Universalis aus Ehe normalpigmentierter, aber entsprechend belasteter Vettern I. Grades in oberitalienischem Isolat
Authors: Hanhart Ernst 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYTwo monozygous twin girls, now 7 years old, with complete concordance of an almost total universal albinism were found in an « isolate » near Aosta in the Western Italian Alps. Their parents show normal pigmentation, and are first cousins, their common grandmothers having a brother who was the grandfather of another albinotic girl, aged 22. The parents of the latter were examined by the Dutch ophthalmogeneticist P. J. Waardenburg: while her father did not show definitely diaphane irides, her mother did. As a similar discrepancy in otherwise normal parents of albinos was stated in 2 more families (Hanhart 1952), the presence of diaphane or not diaphane irides cannot be regarded as sufficient symptom to distinguish two different biotypes of simple-recessive universal albinism. Heterogeny, though rather probable, of this character has not yet been proved in white man.In Switzerland, and Italy as well, there are considerable local accumulations of universal albinism, so that calculations on the basis of a medium frequency do not hold. The percentage of 7.9 for first cousin marriages of normal parents of albinotic children and 8% for second cousins can hardly be taken as a proof for heterogeny of the gene concerned.The observation of monozygous twins with concordant universal albinism is the first made in Europe, and the third published all over the world. It is unique on account of the near consanguinity of the normal parents of these twins. Its incidence in Northern Italy speaks in favour of a relatively frequent occurrence of this character in this country, suggested already by the author's population studies.
Oxycéphalie chez trois paires de jumeaux univitellins, associée dans un des cas à une cutis frontis gyrata
Authors: Franceschetti A. , Klein D. 
Published: July 2016

Description of 3 cases of identical twins affected by concordant oxycephaly. In the first case, one of the twins had a son who was likewise afflicted by a typical scaphocephaly. In the second case, both children showed also a convergent concomitant strabismus, which was latent in one and manifest in the other, and moreover a concordant ptosis. In the third case, the oxycephaly was associated with cutis frontis gyrata homologous in both twins.A confrontation of the cases of oxycephaly in identical twins based on the literature and our personal cases, shows clearly a majority in favour of concordance : 25 concordant pairs as compared to 10 discordant ones; the fraternal twins (7-8 cases) are all discordant as regards oxycephaly. The cases of discordant oxycephaly in monozygotic twins must therefore be interpreted as the result of an unstable gene of feeble penetrance. The conclusion of the genotypic origin of oxycephaly is corroborated by some pedigrees showing a transmission through 2 or more generations. Two reported cases with consanguinity of the parents suggest likewise the possibility of recessive inheritance.The association of oxycephaly with cutis frontis gyrata, as observed in our third case, having not yet been described, we cannot for the moment decide whether this combination is due to chance or whether there exists a pathogenic correlation between both anomalies.
Ricerche Sulla Eredità Delle Malattie Allergiche
Authors: Carbonera P. , Cresseri A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe Authors from the examination of a group of pedigrees belonging to subjects with allergopathies conclude that in their observations allergopathies behave like monomeric dominant forms with little penetrance. Afterwards they propose an explanation of the relative excess of sick persons in the discordant marriages and of the remarkable incidence of pollinosis.
Schizoidness in Twins
Authors: Planansky Karel 
Published: July 2016

SummaryDiscordant schizophrenic monozygotic twin pairs were examined in order to clarify the view interpreting schizoid disorders as attenuated or incomplete expressions of schizophrenic heredity. The aggregate observations indicate that typical schizophrenia can be paired with all types and degrees of schizophrenic or schizoid illness, including clinical normality. These intra-pair combinations seem to occur more or less at random. The reviewed schizoid states showing evidence of schizophrenic psychopathology represent one of the developmental phases of schizophrenic process. Yet the psychopathologic connection with schizophrenia is not evident in all deviations and non-deviant personality patterns. Thus the seeming continuum of schizophnic psychosis — schizoid disorder — neurotic character — normal personality may consist of two discrete series: one with underlying schizophrenic psychopathology, and the other independent of the psychotic process. This division might reflect a threshold effect, dependent upon a switch mechanism.
The Formation of Simultaneous Radio Astronomical Images and Spectra by Electro-Optic Methods
Authors: McLean D. J. 
Published: July 2016

This communication describes techniques, new to radio astronomy, which permit the analysis of electrical signals at radio-frequencies by optical methods.Two applications will be described: the first is to a spectrograph which gives the instantaneous power spectrum of a single broad-band electrical signal; the second is to the analysis of the signals from a number of aerials of an array in order to form a simultaneous image of the brightness distribution of the region of the sky under observation.
Optical “Seeing” over Level Terrain
Authors: Coulman C. E. 
Published: July 2016

This work is aimed at understanding the phenomena which affect the sharpness and stability of optical images transmitted through the atmosphere. A brief description is given of the results obtained to date from an experimental field-study directed at establishing a connection between optics and meteorology. Most of the work has, so far, been conducted in daytime because our main application is to solar astronomy; other fields such as surveying, aerial reconnaissance and so on can also benefit from basic research in atmospheric optics.A horizontal line of sight over uniform, level terrain presents the simplest case for study. The optical transfer function (OTF) of the system comprising an air-path and telescope objective has been measured with an image analyser which is a modified form of stellar seeing-monitor. The outputs of this analyser are proportional to the modulus and argument of the OTF. The modulus, or modulation transfer function (MTF), is a measure of image contrast; the fluctuations of the argument measure image movement, or “dancing”. The OTF is a function of spatial frequency f (cycles per unit distance) which may be altered by radial movement of the scanning graticule of the image-analvser.
Computer Hardware and Software for On-line Pulsar Hunting
Authors: Rayner P. T. , Whitham P. S. 
Published: July 2016

The optical astronomy group at the University of Tasmania is engaged in a search for optical pulsations from pulsars.It was considered that the PDP-8/F mini-computer, purchased with A.R.G.C. funds to control the 40 inch telescope and on-line experiments, would be extremely useful for this purpose, until completion of the 40 inch telescope. Interfacing the computer to the output of the Cassegrain photo-electric photometer required work at both the hardware and software level.
The Inverted Alt-Alt Configuration for Optical Telescopes
Authors: Simmonds E. W. 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionMy interest in the construction and costs of telescopes began with the design and construction of the building for the 48 inch Schmidt Telescope (on behalf of the Science Research Council of the United Kingdom) and was stimulated by a visit to Mt Palomar and Kitt Peak Observatories. With regard to costs I would like to quote Meinel (1969).
Speckle Observations with a Photon Counting Detector
Authors: Wood P. R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA description of the production of astronomical speckles is given in terms of elementary physical principles. Using simple probability arguments, estimâtes are made of signal-to-noise requirements and magnitude limits for détection; data réduction techniques are discussed. A speckle System used on the AAT (Anglo-Australian Télescope) with the IPCS as detector is described.
The Relationship of the Fanaroff-Riley Classification of Extragalactic Radio Sources to Jet Physics
Authors: Bicknell G. V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Class I/Class II division of extragalactic radio sources by Fanaroff-Riley is a manifestation of important physical differences existing in radio sources.It is proposed that the division essentially arises from the differing Mach numbers in Class I and Class II jets. The low Mach number, Class I jets are susceptible to turbulence, are decelerated by entrainment of the surrounding medium and maintain an anomalously high surface brightness as a result. The high Mach number, Class II jets are less turbulent and remain supersonic, produce high pressure shocks along their lengths and terminate via a strong shock against the IGM.An analysis of the energy balance in both types of source reveals jet velocities of the order of 5-10,000 km s-1 for Class I jets and mildly relativistic velocities for Class II jets.The important rôle of optical and X-ray observations in determining the gravitational field of pressure distribution in radio galaxies will be discussed with examples given of NGC1399 and IC4296.
Optical Counterparts of HEAO-1 X-ray Sources
Authors: Buckley D. A. H. , Tuohy I. R. , Remillard R. A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe present preliminary results of a search for the optical counterparts of faint but energetic (1-13 keV) X-ray sources observed by the HEAO-1 satellite. The objects we have identified include Active Galactic Nuclei, Cataclysmic Variables, Be Binaries, and RS CVn Systems. A description is also given of the identification techniques and the X-ray database, which represents the most recent flux-limited all-sky survey of hard X-ray sources.
An Optlcal and Radio Investigation of the Active RS CVn Star HD 127535
Authors: Innis J. L. , Coates D. W. , Thompson K. , Nelson G. J. , Slee O. B. , Wright Alan E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe present some preliminary results of an optical and radio study of the very active RS CVn binary HD 127535. Photometric measurements show the presence of a large amplitude wave which exhibits marked changes in shape and range on time scales as short as a few months. This photometric variation is almost certainly due to large cool starspots on the cooler, more luminous component. As part of a survey of southern active-chromosphere stars with the Parkes radio telescope, HD 127535 has been observed at 5, 8.4 and 22 GHz. No detection was made at 5 GHz, possibly because of confusion due to the angular proximity of the star to the galatic plane. However, it is one of the strongest sources detected in the 8.4 GHz survey, and is one of only two stars detected at 22 GHz. Photometry obtained two cycles before the 8.4 GHz observations suggest a possible correlation between the radio emission and the photometric wave, i.e. spot visibility, but more data are needed.
Ammonia in the Hot Galactic Centre Cloud G 1.6-0.025
Authors: Gardner F. F. , Whiteoak J. B. , Forster J. R. , Peters W. L. , Kuiper T. B. H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAs part of an extensive southern survey of interstellar NH3 with the Parkes 64-m radio telescope (with a beamwidth of 81 arcsec), the (1, 1), (2, 2), and (3, 3) transitions have been observed towards the galactic centre molecular cloud G1.6-0.025. The cloud has an overall size of 10 arcmin, and contains several concentrations with differing velocities. It has several features also observed in other galactic centre clouds, e.g. high optical depths and kinetic temperatures above 50 K.
Radial Pulsations and Vibrational Stability of a Sequence of Two Zone Polytropic Stellar Models
Authors: Murphy J. O. , Fiedler R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCharacteristic frequencies of some modes of radial pulsations and their relative displacements have been determined for a sequence of composite polytropic stellar models having an inner zone of index n = 1 and an envelope n = 5. It is demonstrated that vibrational stability increases with the degree of central condensation of the individual two zone models.
A Method for the Study of Gas Dynamics in Galactic Potentials
Authors: Varnas S. R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA particle method for the simulation of the global evolution of cold gas in galactic potentials is described. It incorporates an efficient artificial viscosity, based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics approach, which conserves both linear and angular momenta and in the continuum limit is equivalent to a Navier-Stokes viscosity in a compressible gas. Parameters of this viscosity have been calibrated in such a way as to make a gas disk, embedded in an axisymmetric galactic potential and originally inclined to its equatorial plane, settle to the preferred plane on the time scale characterizing the differential precession. After a careful analysis of the previously published settling times we find that our results are consistent with Steiman-Cameron’s (1984) lower limits, and we argue that Simonson’s (1982) time scales have been seriously underestimated. We also demonstrate that two dimensional methods based on rigid rings do not model the evolution of a differentially precessing settling gas disk realistically and cannot be used to study the morphology of gas distribution.
A Novel Nolse-Adding Radiometer
Authors: Wright Alan E. , Nelson G. J. , Stewart R. T. , Slee O.B. , Murray J. D. , Cooke D. J. , Carrad G. J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractVery sensitive low-noise amplifiers designed to receive transmissions from spacecraft are not necessarily suitable receivers for radio astronomy. In the former case a good signalto- noise ratio is required so that high data rates can be achieved. In the latter the ratio of signal to noise power may be as low as 10-4 and the stability of receiver gain and that of ail sources of noise during long integration times become of equal importance.This paper describes a novel solution to the problem, which allowed important astronomy to be performed while the ruby maser receivers belonging to the European Space Agency were installed on the Parkes radio telescope for an extended period of time.