bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on prevalence of hypertension in gazetted officers
Authors: Dudhani Prakash , Khandekar Sanjay 
Published: January 2017

Background: There was a strong correlation between increase in hypertension and changing lifestyle factors. The problem which lies with the hypertension is that it cannot be cured completely. And its management requires lifelong medication with some life-style modifications. Decreased physical activities coupled with increased mental tension are important contributors of hypertension. They are usually seen amongst employees of the profession where working is typically sedentary. The main objectives were to study on prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among Government Gazetted officers of Maharashtra, India.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried among gazetted officers working in various departments of state Government for a period of one year in Solapur district. 355 Gazetted Government officers of class I & class II cadre were studied. Blood pressure was measured with a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Chi-square test was applied to assess risk factors.Results: In present study, the prevalence of hypertension among Gazetted officers was observed 20.28%. There was significant positive association was found between age and prevalence of hypertension. And also it was found significantly higher in men than women. The association between education and hypertension found to be statistically significant (P<0.001), while there was no association between socioeconomic status and hypertension was found (P=0.33). Prevalence of hypertension was noted higher at every level of BMI. Prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in smokers, alcoholic and had significant association (P<0.05).Conclusions: We conclude that, because of high prevalence of hypertension in Gazetted officers, periodically they should be screened for the same.
Terapia de laser de baja potencia en mucositis oral
Authors: De La Torre Florencio , Alfaro Carlos 
Published: January 2017

La mucositis oral es una complicación frecuente del tratamiento antineoplásico, producto de efectos citotóxicos por la quimioterapia y radioterapia de cabeza y cuello,dependiendo de su severidad puede difi cultar el habla, la deglución y predispone al paciente a defi ciencias nutricionales, infecciones secundarias, sepsis grave, provocando alta morbilidad del paciente. La mayoría de investigadores concluyen que la terapia Laser de baja potencia es una alternativa de primera elección para la prevención y tratamiento de mucositis oral, comprobado en diversosestudios que estimula la producción de colágeno, elastina, proteoglicanos, la revascularización, entre otras propiedades que aceleran el proceso de cicatrización, además del efecto antiinfl amatorio por inhibición de la COX-2 así como no presentar efectos colaterales signifi cativos, técnica atraumática y de costo bajo.
Reorientational Proximal Femoral Osteotomies for Arthrogrypotic Hip Contractures
Authors: van Bosse Harold Jacob Pieter , Saldana Roger E. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Severe hip contractures in arthrogrypsosis are multiplanar, which can preclude or can greatly complicate sitting and ambulation. The reorientational osteotomy at the intertrochanteric level preserves preoperative hip motion but moves it to a more functional domain. We retrospectively compared preoperative and postoperative hip motion and evaluated the ambulatory abilities of patients who underwent the procedure.

Methods:
Since 2008, 65 patients with arthrogryposis had 119 reorientational proximal femoral osteotomies with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The mean patient age at the time of the surgical procedure was 48 months. An intertrochanteric wedge osteotomy aligned the femoral shaft with the body axis, leaving the hip joint in its preexisting position. A cannulated hip blade plate was used for fixation. Hip motions were recorded preoperatively, at implant removal, and at the time of the latest follow-up, as was ambulatory ability.

Results:
Eighty-one hips had a mean flexion contracture of 52° preoperatively, which improved by 35°; 84 hips with a mean preoperative adduction of −20° improved by 42°; 101 hips with a mean preoperative internal rotation of −16° improved by 35° (p < 0.0001 for all). The flexion-extension total arc of motion for the 119 hips improved by 13° (p < 0.0001). Only 11 of 94 hips that preoperatively flexed ≥90° did not do so postoperatively, but none of the patients reported seating difficulties and one of the patients had already regained hip flexion of >90° by a soft-tissue release. At a mean follow-up of 40 months, 36 patients were independently ambulatory and 20 patients were walker-dependent.

Conclusions:
Children with arthrogryposis often have the potential for ambulation if the limb positioning can be optimized. The reorientational hip osteotomy corrects the hip contractures by altering the range of motion but not the total arc of motion.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
ORIF or Arthroplasty for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in Patients Younger Than 65 Years Old
Authors: Swart Eric , Roulette Paulvalery , Leas Daniel , Bozic Kevin J. , Karunakar Madhav 
Published: January 2017

Background:
The decision between open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and arthroplasty for a displaced femoral neck fracture in a patient ≤65 years old can be challenging. Both options have potential drawbacks; if a fracture treated with ORIF fails to heal it may require a revision operation, whereas a relatively young patient who undergoes arthroplasty may need revision within his/her lifetime. The purpose of this study was to employ decision analysis modeling techniques to generate evidence-based treatment recommendations in this clinical scenario.

Methods:
A Markov decision analytic model was created to simulate outcomes after ORIF, total hip arthroplasty (THA), or hemiarthroplasty in patients who had sustained a displaced femoral neck fracture between the ages of 40 and 65 years. The variables in the model were populated with values from studies with high-level evidence and from national registry data reported in the literature. The model was used to estimate the threshold age above which THA would be the superior strategy. Results were tested using sensitivity analysis and probabilistic statistical analysis.

Results:
THA was found to be a cost-effective option for a displaced femoral neck fracture in an otherwise healthy patient who is >54 years old, a patient with mild comorbidity who is >47 years old, and a patient with multiple comorbidities who is >44 years old. The average clinical outcomes of THA and ORIF were similar for patients 40 to 65 years old, although ORIF had a wider variability in outcomes based on the success or failure of the initial fixation. For all ages and cases, hemiarthroplasty was associated with worse outcomes and higher costs.

Conclusions:
Compared with ORIF, primary THA can be a cost-effective treatment for displaced femoral neck fractures in patients 45 to 65 years of age, with the age cutoff favoring THA decreasing as the medical comorbidity and risk of ORIF fixation failure increase. Hemiarthroplasty has worse outcomes at higher costs and is not recommended in this age group.

Level of Evidence:
Economic and decision analysis Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Destruction of illegal things and devices to contrast the counterfeiting
Authors: Antinucci Dr.Sc. Mario 
Published: January 2017

The movement of goods illegal and counterfeit in the circuit of the economy and the labor market, has put in place of criminal policy internal supranational and a primary need of confiscation and destruction in relation to safety issues transnational linked to all forms of counterfeiting, piracy agro-food to fraud in industrial brands of high fashion et similia: from here the major node of the procedure of destruction of goods illegal and counterfeit subject to seizure and confiscation and respect of guarantees communities of the criminal process, especially in the light of the amendment of art. 260, co. 3 bis and ter, c.p.p. with the d.l. 23-5-2008, n. 92 and subsequent amendments (so-called Safety Package). In line with the criminal policy of ''security'', in l. 23-7-2009, n. 99, the so-called Decree Development, between the ''darrangements for the development and the internationalization of enterprises, as well as in the field of energy'' and wanted to redesign, with analytical provisions of particular edge, the perimeter of the criminal-law protection ''Dei property rights industrial'' through the introduction of four new hypothesis of offenses of counterfeiting (artt. 473, 474, 474 b and c, 517 b and c, c.p.) and related hypothesis of obligatory confiscation (art. 474 bis and 517 ter c.p.), with implications concerning the regime differentiated penitentiary (art. 4 bis, co. 1 ter, ord. penit.) in relation to the cases of belonging to criminal association aimed to commit new offenses referred to in articles 473-474 c.p. (arts. 416 bis, 6º Co., c.p. and 51, co. 3 bis, c.p.p.), as well as the regulatory body containing the so-called ''responsability of administrative entities'', within the meaning of art. 19, d.lg. 8-6-2001, n. 231.
An Approach to Identifying Bird Songs: A Key to more than 300 Songs in the Pipeline Road Area, Soberanía National Park, Panama
Authors: Livezey Kent 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Identifying bird songs is an integral part of censusing, watching, and enjoying birds. However, doing so can be difficult due to the large variety of songs and, often, subtle differences among them. One way to facilitate this is to place songs into a descriptive key, thereby analyzing each song as well as identifying similarities and differences among songs.

Objective:
Here I present a key to bird songs in a bird-rich location in and adjacent to the Pipeline Road area, Soberanía National Park, Panama, to help researchers and birders in Panama identify and learn these songs, and, more importantly, to provide a model for a key to aid in the analysis and characterization of bird songs in other areas.

Methods:
After an unfruitful attempt to find a key I could use as a template, I developed an order of choices that groups similar songs, eliminates duplication, and optimizes the probability of correctly identifying them. The order is: trill or churr, slur (for songs that do not trill or churr), tempo, pitch, and other pertinent attributes. I followed a published system of descriptive units of bird songs (i.e., element, phrase, section) and gleaned from many sources how to describe various aspects of bird songs (e.g., pitch, quality, tempo). Definitions of terms and final choices are linked to recordings of songs available in www.xeno-canto.org.

Results:
This key includes 321 songs of 216 species in the intact rainforest along southern Pipeline Road and the fragmented forests and wetlands adjacent to the southern entrance to Pipeline Road. These songs include all but the most rarely heard songs of the area.

Conclusion:
This key is the first example of a descriptive key to bird songs in Central or South America, and is unique in at least the western hemisphere in its large scope, ordering of choices, and use of links to xeno-canto. It also provides a model for the construction of keys for bird songs in other areas. In addition, this work describes and utilizes many aspects of bird songs that, if employed, can improve your abilities to listen to, remember, and differentiate among songs.
The Financial Crisis and Corporate Credit Ratings
Authors: deHaan Ed 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Credit ratings on many financial instruments failed to accurately portray default risk before the global financial crisis. I find no decline in the performance of corporate credit ratings during or after the crisis, indicating that the failures of ratings on financial instruments were due to conditions unique to the rating agencies' financial instruments divisions. Rather, the preponderance of tests indicate that corporate credit rating performance improves after the crisis, consistent with the rating agencies positively responding to public criticism and regulatory pressures. At the same time, I find evidence of sophisticated market participants decreasing their reliance on corporate credit ratings after the crisis. Consistent with theoretical models of reputation cyclicality, a likely explanation is that the rating agencies suffer spillover reputation damage from their failed ratings on financial instruments. My study informs regulators, practitioners, and academics about the performance of corporate credit ratings during and after the crisis, and provides novel empirical evidence consistent with reputation concerns affecting credit rating usage decisions.
Corporate Social Responsibility Performance and Outsourcing: The Case of the Bangladesh Tragedy
Authors: Paik Gyung H. (Daniel) , Lee Byunghwan (Brandon) , Krumwiede Kip R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Multinational firms frequently outsource the manufacturing of their products to factories in less-developed countries to take advantage of much lower labor costs. A tragic disaster occurred in Bangladesh in April 2013 when a clothing factory building collapsed, killing more than 1,000 workers. Subsequently, textile companies in the U.S. and in Europe that outsource their manufacturing in Bangladesh had to decide whether to commit to better working conditions by signing one of two worker safety agreements (WSAs) born from the aftermath of the tragedy. Although many firms signed one of these agreements, many more did not. This study explores the relationship between an actual corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitment and firm performance using a sample of companies that signed one of the WSAs after the Bangladesh disaster and those that did not. The results suggest that the decision to sign is positively associated with social visibility, prior CSR performance, and impact in stock price after the tragedy. Regarding subsequent performance, investors favorably responded to the news of firms' signing the WSA agreement.
Twitter analysis of the orthodontic patient experience with braces vs Invisalign
Authors: Noll Daniel , Mahon Brendan , Shroff Bhavna , Carrico Caroline , Lindauer Steven J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To examine the orthodontic patient experience having braces compared with Invisalign by means of a large-scale Twitter sentiment analysis.

Materials and Methods:
A custom data collection program was created that collected tweets containing the words “braces” or “Invisalign” for a period of 5 months. A hierarchal Naïve Bayes sentiment analysis classifier was developed to sort the tweets into five categories: positive, negative, neutral, advertisement, or not applicable. Each category was then analyzed for specific content.

Results:
A total of 419,363 tweets applicable to orthodontics were collected. Users posted significantly more positive tweets (61%) than they did negative tweets (39%; P ≤ .0001). There was no significant difference in the distribution of positive and negative sentiment between braces and Invisalign tweets (P = .4189). Positive orthodontics-related tweets often highlighted gratitude for a great smile accompanied with selfies. Negative orthodontic tweets frequently focused on pain.

Conclusion:
Twitter users expressed more positive than negative sentiment about orthodontic treatment with no significant difference in sentiment between braces and Invisalign tweets.
Neuromuscular blockade and inspiratory breath hold during stereotactic body radiation therapy for treatment of heart base tumors in four dogs
Authors: Kelsey Krista L. , Kubicek Lyndsay N. , Bacon Nicholas J. , Torres Terry , Robertson Sheilah A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION 4 dogs were examined because of pleural effusion and ventricular tachycardia, coughing and supraventricular tachycardia, appendicular osteosarcoma, and syncopal episodes.
CLINICAL FINDINGS In all 4 dogs, a heart base tumor was identified by means of thoracic CT.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME In all 4 dogs, the heart base tumors were treated by means of stereotactic body radiation therapy. Dogs were anesthetized, and neuromuscular blockade was achieved with atracurium or vecuronium. A circle rebreathing system with 15 m (50 feet) of anesthetic tubing coursing through the vault wall was used to connect the patient to the anesthesia machine, which was located in the control room. After a brief period of hyperventilation, an inspiratory breath was held at 20 cm H2O for the duration of beam delivery. Each beam delivery lasted between 30 and 100 seconds. Immediately following the breath hold, assisted ventilation was resumed. Mean treatment delivery time for each patient was 26 minutes; mean total anesthesia time was 89 minutes. All patients recovered without complications. There was no evidence of hemoglobin desaturation or hypercapnia during the anesthetic procedure.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE The technique allowed for control of the respiration cycle from outside the radiation vault and a short overall treatment time. No adverse effects were encountered. This procedure should be considered when delivering radiation to structures within the thoracic cavity.
Povidone iodine sclerotherapy for treatment of idiopathic renal hematuria in two dogs
Authors: Adelman Lauren B. , Bartges Joseph , Whittemore Jacqueline C. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 6-year-old spayed female Great Pyrenees (dog 1) and a 2-year-old spayed female German Shepherd Dog (dog 2) were evaluated because of gross hematuria of 5 and 2 months' duration, respectively.
CLINICAL FINDINGS In both dogs, coagulation times were within reference limits, results of aerobic bacterial culture of urine samples were negative, echogenic debris could be seen within the urinary bladder ultrasonographically, and hematuric urine could be seen exiting the right ureterovesicular junction, with grossly normal urine exiting the left ureterovesicular junction, during cystoscopy. A diagnosis of idiopathic renal hematuria was made in both dogs.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Both dogs underwent retrograde ureteropyelography, unilateral povidone iodine sclerotherapy, and ureteral stent placement. The right ureter was occluded with a ureteropelvic junction balloon catheter, and a 5% povidone iodine solution was infused into the renal pelvis 3 times. A double-pigtail ureteral stent was then placed. Both dogs recovered without complications, with cessation of gross hematuria within 12 hours. Cystoscopic removal of the ureteral stent was performed in dog 1 after 4 months; at that time, the urine sediment contained 5 to 10 RBCs/hpf. In dog 2, urine sediment contained 50 to 75 RBCs/hpf 2 weeks after sclerotherapy, with continued resolution of gross hematuria 8 weeks after sclerotherapy. The owners declined removal of the stent in dog 2.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that povidone iodine sclerotherapy may be an effective renal-sparing treatment for idiopathic renal hematuria in dogs. Further evaluation with longer follow-up times is warranted.
Use of a subdermal plexus flap to reconstruct an upper eyelid following radical tumor resection in a cat
Authors: Dias Filipe C. , Danielski Alan , Forster Kate , Williams David L. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 15-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was examined for treatment of a recurrent neoplastic mass in the left upper eyelid that had been excised 6 months earlier by the referring veterinarian.
CLINICAL FINDINGS An apparently nonpainful firm cutaneous mass (approx 2 × 2 mm) was located on the lateral third of the left upper eyelid near the scar from the previous surgical excision.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Approximately one-third of the left upper lip was used as a subdermal plexus (lip-to-lid) flap to cover the defect created by en bloc excision of the eyelid mass. A bridge incision between the donor and recipient sites was used so that the eyelid could be reconstructed in 1 procedure. Histologic evaluation confirmed that the mass had been completely excised. Both the donor and recipient flap sites healed well without complications. The procedure resulted in excellent functional and cosmetic results with no recurrence of the mass at 14 months after surgery.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE The described lip-to-lid technique was a simple 1-stage method for reconstructing an upper eyelid of a cat following radical tumor resection that provided excellent functional and cosmetic results.
Sulforaphane suppresses the growth of glioblastoma cells, glioblastoma stem cell–like spheroids, and tumor xenografts through multiple cell signaling pathways
Authors: Bijangi-Vishehsaraei Khadijeh , Reza Saadatzadeh M. , Wang Haiyan , Nguyen Angie , Kamocka Malgorzata M. , Cai Wenjing , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. , Halum Stacey L. , Sarkaria Jann N. , Pollok Karen E. , Safa Ahmad R. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVEDefects in the apoptotic machinery and augmented survival signals contribute to drug resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). Moreover, another complexity related to GBM treatment is the concept that GBM development and recurrence may arise from the expression of GBM stem cells (GSCs). Therefore, the use of a multifaceted approach or multitargeted agents that affect specific tumor cell characteristics will likely be necessary to successfully eradicate GBM. The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of sulforaphane (SFN)—a constituent of cruciferous vegetables with a multitargeted effect—as a therapeutic agent for GBM.METHODSThe inhibitory effects of SFN on established cell lines, early primary cultures, CD133-positive GSCs, GSC-derived spheroids, and GBM xenografts were evaluated using various methods, including GSC isolation and the sphere-forming assay, analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis, cell growth inhibition assay, comet assays for assessing SFN-triggered DNA damage, confocal microscopy, Western blot analysis, and the determination of in vivo efficacy as assessed in human GBM xenograft models.RESULTSSFN triggered the significant inhibition of cell survival and induced apoptotic cell death, which was associated with caspase 3 and caspase 7 activation. Moreover, SFN triggered the formation of mitochondrial ROS, and SFN-triggered cell death was ROS dependent. Comet assays revealed that SFN increased single- and double-strand DNA breaks in GBM. Compared with the vehicle control cells, a significantly higher amount of γ-H2AX foci correlated with an increase in DNA double-strand breaks in the SFN-treated samples. Furthermore, SFN robustly inhibited the growth of GBM cell–induced cell death in established cell cultures and early-passage primary cultures and, most importantly, was effective in eliminating GSCs, which play a major role in drug resistance and disease recurrence. In vivo studies revealed that SFN administration at 100 mg/kg for 5-day cycles repeated for 3 weeks significantly decreased the growth of ectopic xenografts that were established from the early passage of primary cultures of GBM10.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that SFN is a potent anti-GBM agent that targets several apoptosis and cell survival pathways and further preclinical and clinical studies may prove that SFN alone or in combination with other therapies may be potentially useful for GBM therapy.