bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upaya Peningkatan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Matematika melaluiPendekatan Matematika Realistik Di Kelas VIII.3 SMP
Authors: Taslim Taslim 
Published: December 2017

Proses pembelajaran matematika yang dilaksanakan di sekolah mempunyaiÂ kecenderungan didominasi oleh guru. Hal ini mengakibatkan siswa kurang aktif sehingga berdampak pada rendahnya hasil belajar matematika siswa. Khusus di kelas VIII.3 SMP Negeri 1 Baso Kabupaten Agam dalam belajar matematika siswa kurang aktif dan hasil belajar matematikanya belum memenuhi Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM). Hal ini disebabkan oleh model pembelajaran yang digunakan guru belum mampu meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar matematika siswa. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu model pembelajaran matematika yang dapat mengaktifkan siswa dalam belajar matematika. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat memenuhi harapan tersebut adalahÂ model pembelajaran dengan Pendekatan Matematika Realistik. Pendekatan matematika realistik akan memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk menemukan dan mengkonstruksikan kembali konsep-konsep matematika sehingga siswa mempunyai konsep pengertian yang kuat. Selain itu melalui pendekatan ini siswa dapat mengaitkan materi matematika dalam kehidupan dunia nyata. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), dilaksanakan pada 2 siklus sebanyak 6 kali pertemuan. Subjek penelitian siswa kelas VIII.3 SMP Negeri 1 Baso Kabupaten Agam yang berjumlah 30 orang. Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh siswa yang mencapai KKM yang ditetapkan sebanyak 27 orang siswa yaitu 90 % dan aktivitas siswa dalam belajar meningkat secara signifikan. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran dengan Pendekatan Matematika RealistikÂ dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa dan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di kelas VIII.3 SMP Negeri 1 Baso Kabupaten Agam.
Peningkatan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar IPS melalui Penerapan Metode STAD pada Peserta Didik Kelas VIII
Authors: Harnieti Harnieti 
Published: December 2017

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan tentang peningkatan aktivitas dan hasil belajar pseerta didik dengan menerapkan metode STAD pada kelas VIII.8 SMPN 1 Kecamatan Luak Semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015. Penelitin ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan sebanyak 2 siklus, dan masing-masing siklus dilaksanakan selama 3 kali pertemuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan tambahan informasi dan pemikiran tentang salah satu dari sekian banyak metode pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi peserta didik. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi langsung dan didampingi oleh teman sejawat sebagai observer dengan menggunakan lembar observasi. Kemudian hasil pengamatan akan dianalisis dengan melihat peningkatannya dalam setiap siklus. Keberhasilan penerapan model, pemilihan media, strategi, maupun pendekatan pembelajaran tentunya dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Namun penelitian ini setidaknya memberikan gambaran bagaimana seorang guru berusaha untuk meningkatkanÂ aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik melalui proses pembelajaran yang berkualitas dan menyenangkan.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Praktek Rekorder dengan Model Cooperative Learning Di Kelas VIII SMP
Authors: Desniwati Desniwati 
Published: December 2017

<p><em>Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh keinginan untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran yang telah dilakukan dengan tujuan menjelaskan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan menerapkan model cooperative</em><em> </em><em>learning pada mata pelajaran Seni Budaya (seni musik). Metodologi penelitian</em><em> yang digunakan</em><em> adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka. PTK ini terdiri atas 2 siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan model Cooperative Learning</em><em> </em><em>pada materi praktek rekorder pada musik ansabel dapat meningkatkan keterampilan siswa bermain musik. Saran yang dapat diberikan berkaitan dengan penelitian ini adalah guru harus jeli dalam memilih anggota kelompok dan guru harus menjadi motivator bagi siswa dalam mempelajari penggunaan rekorder pada music ansambel.</em></p>
Penggunaaan Media Gambar untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS di Kelas IV SD Negeri 27 Lubuk Alung Kabupaten Padang Pariaman
Authors: Meiyunis Meiyunis 
Published: December 2017

Penelitian ini berawal dari kenyataan di sekolah bahwa dalam penyampaian pembelajaran guru masih bersifat konvensional yang menyebabkan peserta didik bosan dan kurang aktif dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga pembelajaran yang tercipta bersifat monoton. Untuk dapat meningkatkan dan menciptakan proses pembelajaran yang aktif dan menyenangkan salah satunya dengan menggunakan media gambar. Media gambar adalah suatu media pendidikan yang dapat menginformasikan pembelajaran secara komunikatif, yang bisa mengatasai ruang dan waktu dan berisi pesan yang disampaikan dalam pembelajaran melalui gambar dengan tujuan menarik perhatian dan minat peserta didik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester II tahun ajaran 2012/2013 di SD Negeri 27 Lubuk Alung Kabupaten Alung, dengan subjek penelitian peserta didik kelas IV SD Negeri 27 Lubuk Alung Kabupaten Alung dengan jumlah peserta didik 22 orang, yang terdiri dari 10 orang laki-laki dan 12 orang perempuan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua siklusÂ yaitu siklus I dua kali pertemuan dan siklus II dua kali pertemuan. Prosedur penelitian dilakukan melaluli 4 tahap yaitu 1) perencanaan, 2) pelaksanaan, 3) pengamatan, 4) refleksi. Pembelajaran media gambar memiliki langkah-langkah yaitu 1) menyiapkan alat dan bahan yang digunakan, 2) menyampaikan tujuan pembelajaran, 3) memberikan pengantar, 4) memperagakan gambar, 5) meminta pendapat peserta didik, 6) menjelaskan materi, 7) mengajukan pertanyaan, 8) menyimpulkan materi pelajaran, 9) memberikan evaluasi. Penelitian dengan menggunakan media gambar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Persentase hasil belajar peserta didik pada siklus I adalah 67% dan pada siklus II adalah 81%. Dari analisis data penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan media gambar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS di kelas IV SD Negeri 27 Lubuk Alung Kabupaten Alung, dengan persentase peningkatan 14%.
Peningkatan Partisipasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VI Pada Pembelajaran PKn Dengan Menggunakan Model Guided Teaching Di SDN 17 Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman
Authors: Wardanis Eva 
Published: December 2017

This research is based on the lack of studentâ€™s participation in learning PKn subject. This research is aimed to improve the participation in learning of students grade VI SDN 17 Batang Anai by implementing guided teaching model. This is a class action research that consists of two cycles including four steps: planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data of research were obtained through observation sheets, and test. Obtained data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Percentage of studentâ€™s participation in proposing ideas is 30% in cycle I and become 77.5% in cycle II. Meanwhile, percentage of studentâ€™s participation in answering questions is 40% in cycle I and become 85% in cycle II. Percentage of studentâ€™s participation in proposing questions is 17.5% in cycle I and become 70% in cycle II. Â Hence, it can be concluded that guided teaching model can improve participation in learning PKn subject of students grade VI SDN 17 Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.
ATOS DA PERSECUÇÃO COMO PROVA CRIMINAL EM FACE DO PROCESSO PENAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Britto Gentil Plínio Antonio 
Published: December 2017

São freqüentes as condenações criminais baseadas exclusivamente nas informações prestadas em juízo por agentes do Estado que praticaram os atos iniciais da persecução. Há contudo vedação expressa do artigo 155 do Código de Processo Penal a que se condene apenas com os elementos da fase pré-processual. Aqui se sustenta que, mesmo produzidos judicialmente, trata-se de simples reprodução do quanto fizeram esses agentes na prática daqueles atos iniciais e, portanto, não possuem natureza de prova. A sistemática do processo penal brasileiro, com seus princípios e ainda considerado o modelo acusatório para colheita de prova, desautoriza a caracterização de tais informações como elementos aptos a formar a convicção judicial para condenar. O processo é instrumento de defesa da liberdade, por isso não são admissíveis condenações por presunções. Iniciativas legislativas propondo um juizado de instrução e ampliando a participação do advogado na produção de provas podem constituir o germe de um novo panorama que supere este problema. Palavras chave: Prova Criminal; Atos da Persecução; Elementos Informativos; Processo Penal; Juizado de Instrução. Criminal convictions are often based exclusively on information provided in court by state agents who practiced the initial acts of persecution. However, acording to article 155 of Brazilian Criminal Procedure Code, there is an explicit prohibition to condemn based only on the elements of the pre-procedural phase. On this paper, it is sustained that, even produced judicially, it is a simple reproduction of the acts those agents did in the practice of those initial acts and, therefore, they have no nature of proof. The systematics of the Brazilian criminal procedure, with its principles and considering the accusatory model for collecting proof, disallows the characterization of such information as elements capable of forming the judicial conviction to condemn. The process is an instrument for the defense of freedom, so convictions for based on presumptions are not admissible. Legislative initiatives proposing a proof producing court and the broadening of the lawyer participation in the production of proof can be the germ of a new panorama that overcomes this problem. Keywords: criminal proof; Acts of Persecution; Informative Elements; Criminal Proceedings; Proof Producing Court.
Investigation of the thermal performance of natTe target for 124I production in the RARS cyclotron
Authors: Azizakram H. , Sadeghi M. , Ashtari P. , Zolfagharpour F. , Nikjou A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Regarding the low thermal conductivity of natTe element, the provision of an effective cooling system is one of the critical issues in cyclotron targetry to prevent melting of target matter during the irradiation to 124I production via natTe(p,xn)124I reaction. Heat transfer on Te target and efficiency of cooling fluid in the solid target system have been simulated based on a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) code for the thermal behavior of the target during the irradiation and under different beam currents, coolant flow rates, substrate matters and target geometry. The results on the routinely used solid target in Radiation Application Research School (RARS) cyclotron showed that in a 3 m/s coolant flow rate, by using a fined-cooling system and a nickel substrate coated on copper backing plate, the irradiation beam current can be raised up to 180 μA without any risk of melting. The cooling flow rates greater than 3 m/s do not noticeably improve the heat dispersion of target layer. As expected, a linear increase was observed for the temperature and temperature gradient of plates in the beam currents of 100–300 μA.
Investigation into the impacts of distributed inlet temperature on thermal limit during LFWH event in Chinshan plant
Authors: Ma Shao-Shih , Hsu Keng-Hsien , Chen Bo-Yan , Hsu Shi-Sen 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The Condensate and Feedwater System of the Chinshan BWR units is used to provide reliable and high-quality water to maintain the reactor water level during operation. If a Loss of Feedwater Heating (LFWH) event occurs, the core inlet subcooling increases and then induces corresponding power excursion and the reactor pressure rise. In the Chinshan Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR), a loss of the feedwater temperature of 55.6°C (100°F) is conservatively assumed in the event. This study analyzes the integral reactor system response with RETRAN. Furthermore, a partial vessel model (PVM) of CFD is used to acquire the conditions of the fuel channel inlet to compensate the weakness of the RETRAN system model to generate detailed thermal-hydraulic conditions. The evaluation shows that the feedwater temperature drop is about 40°C which is lower than the FSAR value. In addition, the sensitivity study shows that the hot channel method underestimates the ΔCPR about 0.025, and there is no direct relation between ΔCPR and either of inlet subcooling or power fraction in transient, which is quite different from the conclusion of the hot channel method. Finally, the sensitivity study also proves the ΔT of 55.6°C (100°F) used in FSAR analysis conservative enough to cover the worst channel with a margin of 0.015 in ΔCPR.
Spatially Resolved Kinematics in the Central 1 kpc of a Compact Star-forming Galaxy at z ∼ 2.3 from ALMA CO Observations
Authors: Barro G. , Kriek M. , Pérez-González P. G. , Diaz-Santos T. , Price S. H. , Rujopakarn W. , Pandya V. , Koo D. C. , Faber S. M. , Dekel A. , Primack J. R. , Kocevski D. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present high spatial resolution (FWHM ∼ 0.″14) observations of the CO(8–7) line in GDS-14876, a compact star-forming galaxy at z = 2.3 with a total stellar mass of log(M
⋆/M
⊙) = 10.9. The spatially resolved velocity map of the inner r ≲ 1 kpc reveals a continuous velocity gradient consistent with the kinematics of a rotating disk with v
rot(r = 1 kpc) = 163 ± 5 km s−1 and v
rot/σ ∼ 2.5. The gas-to-stellar ratios estimated from CO(8–7) and the dust continuum emission span a broad range,

and

, but are nonetheless consistent given the uncertainties in the conversion factors. The dynamical modeling yields a dynamical mass of

, which is lower, but still consistent with the baryonic mass,

, if the smallest CO-based gas fraction is assumed. Despite a low, overall gas fraction, the small physical extent of the dense, star-forming gas probed by CO(8–7), ∼3× smaller than the stellar size, implies a strong relative concentration that increases the gas fraction up to

in the central 1 kpc. Such a gas-rich center, coupled with a high star formation rate (SFR) ∼ 500 M
⊙ yr−1, suggests that GDS-14876 is quickly assembling a dense stellar component (bulge) in a strong nuclear starburst. Assuming its gas reservoir is depleted without replenishment, GDS-14876 will quickly (t
depl ∼ 27 Myr) become a compact quiescent galaxy that could retain some fraction of the observed rotational support.
Col-OSSOS: Colors of the Interstellar Planetesimal 1I/‘Oumuamua
Authors: Bannister Michele T. , Schwamb Megan E. , Fraser Wesley C. , Marsset Michael , Fitzsimmons Alan , Benecchi Susan D. , Lacerda Pedro , Pike Rosemary E. , Kavelaars J. J. , Smith Adam B. , Stewart Sunny O. , Wang 王祥 Shiang-Yu 宇 , Lehner Matthew J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The recent discovery by Pan-STARRS1 of 1I/2017 U1 (‘Oumuamua), on an unbound and hyperbolic orbit, offers a rare opportunity to explore the planetary formation processes of other stars and the effect of the interstellar environment on a planetesimal surface. 1I/‘Oumuamua’s close encounter with the inner solar system in 2017 October was a unique chance to make observations matching those used to characterize the small-body populations of our own solar system. We present near-simultaneous g′, r′, and J photometry and colors of 1I/‘Oumuamua from the 8.1 m Frederick C. Gillett Gemini-North Telescope and gri photometry from the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope. Our g′r′J observations are directly comparable to those from the high-precision Colours of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey (Col-OSSOS), which offer unique diagnostic information for distinguishing between outer solar system surfaces. The J-band data also provide the highest signal-to-noise measurements made of 1I/‘Oumuamua in the near-infrared. Substantial, correlated near-infrared and optical variability is present, with the same trend in both near-infrared and optical. Our observations are consistent with 1I/‘Oumuamua rotating with a double-peaked period of 8.10 ± 0.42 hr and being a highly elongated body with an axial ratio of at least 5.3:1, implying that it has significant internal cohesion. The color of the first interstellar planetesimal is at the neutral end of the range of solar system g − r and r − J solar-reflectance colors: it is like that of some dynamically excited objects in the Kuiper Belt and the less-red Jupiter Trojans.
ATP Evokes Ca2+ Responses and CXCL5 Secretion via P2X4 Receptor Activation in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
Authors: Layhadi Janice A. , Turner Jeremy , Crossman David , Fountain Samuel J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Leukocytes sense extracellular ATP, a danger-associated molecular pattern, released during cellular stress and death, via activation of cell surface P2X and P2Y receptors. Here, we investigate P2 receptor expression in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages and receptors that mediate ATP-evoked intracellular [Ca2+]i signals and cytokine production in response to ATP concentrations that exclude P2X7 receptor activation. Expression of P2X1, P2X4, P2X5, P2X7, P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11, and P2Y13 was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. ATP elicited intracellular Ca2+ responses in a concentration-dependent fashion (EC50 = 11.4 ± 2.9 μM, n = 3). P2Y11 and P2Y13 activations mediated the amplitude of [Ca2+]i response, whereas P2X4 activation, but not P2X1 or P2X7, determined the duration of Ca2+ response during a sustained phase. ATP mediated gene induction of CXCL5, a proinflammatory chemokine. P2X4 antagonism (PSB-12062 or BX430) inhibited ATP-mediated induction of CXCL5 gene expression and secretion of CXCL5 by primary macrophage. Inhibition of CXCL5 secretion by P2X4 antagonists was lost in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Reciprocally, positive allosteric modulation of P2X4 (ivermectin) augmented ATP-mediated CXCL5 secretion. P2X7, P2Y11, or P2Y13 receptor did not contribute to CXCL5 secretion. Together, the data reveals a role for P2X4 in determining the duration of ATP-evoked Ca2+ responses and CXCL5 secretion in human primary macrophage.
Cutting Edge: Allograft Rejection Is Associated with Weak T Cell Responses to Many Different Graft Leukocyte-Derived Peptides
Authors: Burrack Adam L. , Malhotra Deepali , Dileepan Thamotharampillai , Osum Kevin C. , Swanson Linnea A. , Fife Brian T. , Jenkins Marc K. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Organ transplants are rapidly rejected because T cells in the recipient attack the foreign MHC molecules on the graft. The robustness of the T cell response to histoincompatible tissue is not understood. We found that mice have many small T cell populations with Ag receptors specific for a foreign MHC class II molecule type loaded with peptides from leukocytes from the graft. These T cells proliferated modestly after skin transplantation and underwent relatively weak functional differentiation compared with T cells stimulated by a vaccine. Thus, the potency of the T cell response to histoincompatible tissue is likely due to many small T cell populations responding weakly to hundreds of MHC-bound peptides from graft-derived leukocytes.
A Beginner’s Guide to Analyzing and Visualizing Mass Cytometry Data
Authors: Kimball Abigail K. , Oko Lauren M. , Bullock Bonnie L. , Nemenoff Raphael A. , van Dyk Linda F. , Clambey Eric T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Mass cytometry has revolutionized the study of cellular and phenotypic diversity, significantly expanding the number of phenotypic and functional characteristics that can be measured at the single-cell level. This high-dimensional analysis platform has necessitated the development of new data analysis approaches. Many of these algorithms circumvent traditional approaches used in flow cytometric analysis, fundamentally changing the way these data are analyzed and interpreted. For the beginner, however, the large number of algorithms that have been developed, as well as the lack of consensus on best practices for analyzing these data, raise multiple questions: Which algorithm is the best for analyzing a dataset? How do different algorithms compare? How can one move beyond data visualization to gain new biological insights? In this article, we describe our experiences as recent adopters of mass cytometry. By analyzing a single dataset using five cytometry by time-of-flight analysis platforms (viSNE, SPADE, X-shift, PhenoGraph, and Citrus), we identify important considerations and challenges that users should be aware of when using these different methods and common and unique insights that can be revealed by these different methods. By providing annotated workflow and figures, these analyses present a practical guide for investigators analyzing high-dimensional datasets. In total, these analyses emphasize the benefits of integrating multiple cytometry by time-of-flight analysis algorithms to gain complementary insights into these high-dimensional datasets.
Validation of the Professional Identity and Values Scale Among an Athletic Trainer Population
Authors: Eason Christianne M. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Denegar Craig R. , Burton Laura , McGarry Jennifer 
Published: December 2017

Context: Forming a professional identity is a process by which an individual achieves an awareness of his or her own self-concept in the context of the profession. Identity in relation to an individual's profession includes the ability to articulate one's role as a professional and professional philosophy. Professional identity has been studied extensively in other fields, but currently no professional identity scales have been validated within the athletic training profession.Objective: To validate the Professional Identity and Values Scale (PIVS) among an athletic trainer population.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: Web-based questionnaire.Patients or Other Participants: Athletic trainers employed in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, II, III, or National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics colleges or universities (n = 299, 56.5% female, 43.5% male). The average age of the participants was 33.6 ± 8.3 years, and they had 10.3 ± 7.6 years of experience.Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire and the 32-item PIVS. The variables included demographics and the PIVS (Professional Orientation and Values subscale [18 items] and the Professional Development subscale [14 items]).Results: Exploratory factor analysis reduced the survey from 32 to 20 items and revealed 6 factors. Three factors emerged from the Professional Development subscale and emphasized professional insecurities during the early career stages, the importance of mentors during the intermediate stages, and self-confidence and awareness during the later stages of professional development. An additional 3 factors emerged from the Professional Orientation and Values subscale: (1) patient care and advocacy, (2) professional engagement and collaboration, and (3) personal wellness and values. A Cronbach α of 0.80 indicated good internal consistency.Conclusions: A modified PIVS is a valid and reliable measure of professional identity among athletic trainers employed in the collegiate setting.