bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Becoming science learners: A study of newcomers’ identity work in elementary school science
Authors: Gamez Rebeca , Parker Carolyn A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study investigates how two newcomer students, Elena and Martin, identified with and in science within the context of a classroom utilizing a reform‐based science curriculum where instruction occurred only in English. Using ethnographic case study methods, we drew from anthropological theories on identity development and sociocultural perspectives on language development to argue that as English language proficiency mediated the newcomers’ access to academic content, the viability of the newcomers’ authored science‐related identities in practice were contingent on the dynamics generated within their small groups. We conceptualized the small groups as microfigured worlds and show how these spaces, in particular the kinds of patterned activities and practices that emerged in relation to the use of language brokering and/or code switching, mediated the kinds of identities in practices that the newcomers were able to author. We end the article by interpreting our results in relation to how Ms. Hall, the teacher, structured her classroom and discuss the relevance of race/ethnicity and gender. We conclude with suggestions about how focusing on group, or peer networks, might inform both theory and practice around how newcomers, and emergent bilinguals more broadly, engage in science.
Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Islet Cotransplantation: Safety and Efficacy
Authors: Wang Hongjun , Strange Charlie , Nietert Paul J. , Wang Jingjing , Turnbull Taylor L. , Cloud Colleen , Owczarski Stefanie , Shuford Betsy , Duke Tara , Gilkeson Gary , Luttrell Louis , Hermayer Kathie , Fernandes Jyotika , Adams David B. , Morgan Katherine A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Islet engraftment after transplantation is impaired by high rates of islet/β cell death caused by cellular stressors and poor graft vascularization. We studied whether cotransplantation of ex vivo expanded autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with islets is safe and beneficial in chronic pancreatitis patients undergoing total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation. MSCs were harvested from the bone marrow of three islet autotransplantation patients and expanded at our current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) facility. On the day of islet transplantation, an average dose of 20.0 ± 2.6 ×106 MSCs was infused with islets via the portal vein. Adverse events and glycemic control at baseline, 6, and 12 months after transplantation were compared with data from 101 historical control patients. No adverse events directly related to the MSC infusions were observed. MSC patients required lower amounts of insulin during the peritransplantation period (p = .02 vs. controls) and had lower 12-month fasting blood glucose levels (p = .02 vs. controls), smaller C-peptide declines over 6 months (p = .01 vs. controls), and better quality of life compared with controls. In conclusion, our pilot study demonstrates that autologous MSC and islet cotransplantation may be a safe and potential strategy to improve islet engraftment after transplantation. (Clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT02384018).
Cantharidic acid induces apoptosis through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Feng I‐Che , Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Chen Pei‐Ni , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien , Ho Hsin‐Yu , Yang Shun‐Fa , Yeh Chao‐Bin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCantharidin analogs exhibit anticancer activities, including apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of cantharidic acid (CA), a cantharidin analog, on apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are unclear. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the anticancer activities of CA by investigating its ability to trigger apoptosis in SK‐Hep‐1 cells. Our data demonstrated that CA effectively inhibited the proliferation of SK‐Hep‐1 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, CA effectively triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis, as determined by flow cytometric analysis. Western blotting revealed that CA significantly activated proapoptotic signaling including caspase‐3, −8, and −9 in SK‐Hep‐1 cells. Moreover, treatment of SK‐Hep‐1 cells with CA induced the activation of ERK, p38, and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase. Moreover, the inhibition of p38 by specific inhibitors abolished CA‐induced cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our results indicated that CA induces apoptosis in SK‐Hep‐1 cells through a p38‐mediated apoptotic pathway and could be a new HCC therapeutic agent.
Recurrence pattern of rectal cancer after surgical treatment. Analysis of 122 patients in a tertiary care center
Authors: Sevá-Pereira Gustavo , Cypreste Roberta Nascimento , Oliveira Filho Joaquim José , Moraes Sandra Pedroso de , Tarabay Paula Buozzi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSurvival in rectal cancer has been related mainly to clinical and pathological staging. Recurrence is by far the most challenging issue when surgical treatment of rectal cancer is concerned. This study aims to establish a recurrence pattern for rectal adenocarcinoma submitted to surgical treatment between March 2003 and July 2016. After exclusion criteria were applied, one hundred twenty two patients were analyzed. Global recurrence was found in 22% of them, while 13.1% have had local recurrence. Disease-free survival was 23.9 months, in average, and medium follow-up was 34.13 months, varying from 6 to 115 months. Recurrence, in literature, is usually between 3 and 35% in 5 years, and shows a 5-years survival rate of only 5%. Around 50% of cases, recurrence is local, confined to pelvis. This data followed literature in most aspects evaluated, although finding a high rate of local recurrence remains a challenge in the seek for better surgical outcomes.
A Longitudinal Study of Motivations Before and Psychosexual Outcomes After Genital Gender-Confirming Surgery in Transmen
Authors: van de Grift Tim C. , Pigot Garry L.S. , Boudhan Siham , Elfering Lian , Kreukels Baudewijntje P.C. , Gijs Luk A.C.L. , Buncamper Marlon E. , Özer Müjde , van der Sluis Wouter , Meuleman Eric J.H. , Bouman Mark-Bram , Mullender Margriet G. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Genital dissatisfaction is an important reason for transmen to undergo genital gender-confirming surgery (GCS; phalloplasty or metoidioplasty). However, little is known about motives for choosing specific techniques, how transmen benefit postoperatively, and whether psychosexual outcomes improve.

Aim
To evaluate motivations for and psychosexual outcomes after GCS.

Methods
A longitudinal study of 21 transmen at least 1 year after GCS was conducted. Participants were recruited through their surgeon. Data were collected when they applied for surgery and at least 1 year after surgery.

Outcomes
Data collection included semistructured questionnaires on motivations for surgery, postoperative experiences, and standardized measures of psychological symptoms, body image, self-esteem, sexuality, and quality of life (pre- and postoperative). Information on surgical complications and corrections was retrieved from medical records.

Results
Most participants underwent phalloplasty with urethral lengthening using a radial forearm flap. Although problematic voiding symptoms were prevalent, many participants were satisfied with their penile function. The strongest motivations to pursue penile surgery were confirmation of one's identity (100%), enabling sexual intercourse (78%), and voiding while standing (74%). No significant differences between postoperative and reference values were observed for standardized measures. After surgery, transmen were more sexually active (masturbation and with a partner) and used their genitals more frequently during sex compared with before surgery (31–78%).

Clinical Implications
The present study provides input for preoperative decision making: (i) main motives for surgery include identity confirmation, voiding, and sexuality, (ii) surgery can result in more sexual activity and genital involvement during sex, although some distress can remain, but (iii) complications and voiding symptoms are prevalent.

Strength and Limitations
Study strengths include its longitudinal design and the novelty of the studied outcomes. The main limitations include the sample size and the nature of the assessment.

Conclusion
Counseling and decision making for GCS in transmen should be a highly personalized and interdisciplinary practice.
Modelling, design and experimental implementation of non-linear attitude tracking with disturbance compensation using adaptive-sliding control based on quaternion algebra
Authors: Alipour M. Reza , Saberi F. Fani , Kabganian M. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a non-linear tracking control algorithm is extended. The control objective of this research is to track a desired time-varying attitude of a satellite in the presence of inertia uncertainties and external disturbances, in order to be more suitable for implementation in a real-world application. In this investigation, the actuators are reaction wheels and the actuator dynamics are modelled in addition to the spacecraft dynamics. Thus, the control signal is DC motor voltage which is the most fundamental control variable and can be generated easily by a motor driver in practical cases. To achieve robust tracking of the desired time-varying attitude, a sliding mode controller is designed, and adaptive techniques are developed based on sliding mode control to overcome the inertia uncertainties and to estimate and compensate external disturbances. The kinematic equations of the satellite are expressed using quaternion parameters, and a novel control law will be derived by using a new facilitating approach in controller design, which is based on quaternion algebra, because of quaternion advantages, such as singularity rejection. Using this approach it will be more comfortable to deal with tedious mathematical operations, and on contrary with most of the previous studies, the terms corresponding to derivatives of the desired attitude are not neglected, and tracking capability is retained. The global stability of both methods (Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and adaptive sliding) is investigated using Lyapunov’s stability theorem. In order to validate the control methods, first, Simulink-ADAMS co-simulation of a 3-DOF attitude control is used to verify the algorithm performance and integrity, and finally, the control strategy is implemented on the Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT) 3-DOF attitude simulator for different types of non-linear attitudes. Both co-simulation and implementation results clearly illustrate the designed attitude control algorithm’s excellent performance in the various manoeuvres.
The Shadow of Sophocles: Tragedy and the Ethics of Leadership
Authors: Amiridis Kostas 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT:This article explores how the idea of tragedy can highlight some of the complex and paradoxical aspects of the relationship between ethics and leadership. First, it offers a comparative analysis of the way in which questions of leadership are addressed as a practical and theoretical concern when leaders are confronted with situations of moral crisis. The context is provided by a critical reading of the MBA oath, a student-led pledge that tries to establish a higher moral standard for leaders, and by Norman Bowie’s attempt to develop a Kantian theory of leadership. Second, it introduces a novel philosophical approach based upon Hegel’s interpretation of tragedy and ethical life developed in his theory of aesthetics. Through the idea of tragedy, the concept of ethical leadership could also encompass those ambiguous situations when good conflicts with good and when a possible reconciliation of a moral conflict might require the sacrifice of otherwise legitimate ends.
Self-Sacrificial Leadership and Followers’ Affiliative and Challenging Citizenship Behaviors: A Relational Self-Concept Based Study in China
Authors: He Wei , Zhou Ru-Yi , Long Li-Rong , Huang Xu , Hao Po 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTDrawing from self-concept and implicit leadership theories, we propose a multilevel model to examine whether, why, and when self-sacrificial leadership motivates followers’ affiliative and challenging citizenship behaviors in China. Data from 329 full-time employees in 83 work groups provide support for the hypothesized model. Specifically, we demonstrated that self-sacrificial leadership was positively related to followers’ relational self-concept constructs of leader identification and leader-based self-esteem, which had differential, downstream implications for followers’ two types of citizenship behavior. Whereas leader identification was found to mediate the positive relationship between self-sacrificial leadership and affiliative citizenship behavior only, leader-based self-esteem mediated the positive relationships of self-sacrificial leadership with both affiliative and challenging citizenship behaviors. We further demonstrated individual power distance orientation as a significant cultural contingency in the above mediation relationships, which were found to exist among followers with low rather than high power distance orientations. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
POST-TRANSITIONAL FERTILITY: THE ROLE OF CHILDBEARING POSTPONEMENT IN FUELLING THE SHIFT TO LOW AND UNSTABLE FERTILITY LEVELS
Authors: Sobotka Tomáš 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis study discusses fertility trends and variation in countries that completed the transition from high to around-replacement fertility in the 1950s to 1980s, especially in Europe, East Asia and North America, and summarizes the key relevant findings for those countries with a more recent experience of fertility decline towards replacement level. A central finding is that there is no obvious theoretical or empirical threshold around which period fertility tends to stabilize. Period fertility rates usually continue falling once the threshold of replacement fertility is crossed, often to very low levels. While cohort fertility rates frequently stabilize or change gradually, period fertility typically remains unstable. This instability also includes marked upturns and reversals in Total Fertility Rates (TFRs), as experienced in many countries in Europe in the early 2000s. The long-lasting trend towards delayed parenthood is central for understanding diverse, low and unstable post-transitional fertility patterns. In many countries in Europe this shift to a late childbearing pattern has negatively affected the TFR for more than four decades. Many emerging post-transitional countries and regions are likely to experience a similar shift over the next two to three decades, with a depression of their TFRs to very low levels.
Dicamba-Tolerant Soybean Combined Cover Crop to Control Palmer amaranth
Authors: Montgomery Garret B. , McClure Angela T. , Hayes Robert M. , Walker Forbes R. , Senseman Scott A. , Steckel Lawrence E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA study was conducted to evaluate the response of glyphosate- and dicamba-tolerant (GDT) soybean and weed control from cover crop different termination intervals before and after soybean planting. Cover crop biomass was highest when terminated at planting, decreased with the 7- and 14-d preplant (DPP) and day-after-planting (DAP) timings, and again at the 14 DPP and DAP timings. Glyphosate+dicamba provided total control of cover crops by 21 DAP. Cover crop termination timing did not influence soybean population or yield. Palmer amaranth control at the 21 and 28 d after termination (DAT) was 97% to 99%. Differences in Palmer amaranth control were not detected among herbicide programs or termination intervals at the end of season rating, and all treatments provided ≥97% control. Although differences in Palmer amaranth control were not apparent at the end of the season, the delay in cover crop affected the number of days until 10-cm Palmer amaranth was present. When utilizing a wheat+hairy vetch cover crop in DGT soybeans, producers should delay cover crop termination until 11 to 14 DPP and make at least one POST application of glyphosate+dicamba+an additional herbicide mode of action (MOA) to maximize Palmer amaranth control and soybean yields.
Dual impact of elevated temperature on plant defence and bacterial virulence in Arabidopsis
Authors: Huot Bethany , Castroverde Christian Danve M. , Velásquez André C. , Hubbard Emily , Pulman Jane A. , Yao Jian , Childs Kevin L. , Tsuda Kenichi , Montgomery Beronda L. , He Sheng Yang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEnvironmental conditions profoundly affect plant disease development; however, the underlying molecular bases are not well understood. Here we show that elevated temperature significantly increases the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 independently of the phyB/PIF thermosensing pathway. Instead, elevated temperature promotes translocation of bacterial effector proteins into plant cells and causes a loss of ICS1-mediated salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Global transcriptome analysis reveals a major temperature-sensitive node of SA signalling, impacting ~60% of benzothiadiazole (BTH)-regulated genes, including ICS1 and the canonical SA marker gene, PR1. Remarkably, BTH can effectively protect Arabidopsis against Pst DC3000 infection at elevated temperature despite the lack of ICS1 and PR1 expression. Our results highlight the broad impact of a major climate condition on the enigmatic molecular interplay between temperature, SA defence and function of a central bacterial virulence system in the context of a widely studied susceptible plant–pathogen interaction.
Analyses of gut microbiota and plasma bile acids enable stratification of patients for antidiabetic treatment
Authors: Gu Yanyun , Wang Xiaokai , Li Junhua , Zhang Yifei , Zhong Huanzi , Liu Ruixin , Zhang Dongya , Feng Qiang , Xie Xiaoyan , Hong Jie , Ren Huahui , Liu Wei , Ma Jing , Su Qing , Zhang Hongmei , Yang Jialin , Wang Xiaoling , Zhao Xinjie , Gu Weiqiong , Bi Yufang , Peng Yongde , Xu Xiaoqiang , Xia Huihua , Li Fang , Xu Xun , Yang Huanming , Xu Guowang , Madsen Lise , Kristiansen Karsten , Ning Guang , Wang Weiqing 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAntidiabetic medication may modulate the gut microbiota and thereby alter plasma and faecal bile acid (BA) composition, which may improve metabolic health. Here we show that treatment with Acarbose, but not Glipizide, increases the ratio between primary BAs and secondary BAs and plasma levels of unconjugated BAs in treatment-naive type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, which may beneficially affect metabolism. Acarbose increases the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiota and depletes Bacteroides, thereby changing the relative abundance of microbial genes involved in BA metabolism. Treatment outcomes of Acarbose are dependent on gut microbiota compositions prior to treatment. Compared to patients with a gut microbiota dominated by Prevotella, those with a high abundance of Bacteroides exhibit more changes in plasma BAs and greater improvement in metabolic parameters after Acarbose treatment. Our work highlights the potential for stratification of T2D patients based on their gut microbiota prior to treatment.
A protein interaction mechanism for suppressing the mechanosensitive Piezo channels
Authors: Zhang Tingxin , Chi Shaopeng , Jiang Fan , Zhao Qiancheng , Xiao Bailong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPiezo proteins are bona fide mammalian mechanotransduction channels for various cell types including endothelial cells. The mouse Piezo1 of 2547 residues forms a three-bladed, propeller-like homo-trimer comprising a central pore-module and three propeller-structures that might serve as mechanotransduction-modules. However, the mechanogating and regulation of Piezo channels remain unclear. Here we identify the sarcoplasmic /endoplasmic-reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), including the widely expressed SERCA2, as Piezo interacting proteins. SERCA2 strategically suppresses Piezo1 via acting on a 14-residue-constituted intracellular linker connecting the pore-module and mechanotransduction-module. Mutating the linker impairs mechanogating and SERCA2-mediated modulation of Piezo1. Furthermore, the synthetic linker-peptide disrupts the modulatory effects of SERCA2, demonstrating the key role of the linker in mechanogating and regulation. Importantly, the SERCA2-mediated regulation affects Piezo1-dependent migration of endothelial cells. Collectively, we identify SERCA-mediated regulation of Piezos and the functional significance of the linker, providing important insights into the mechanogating and regulation mechanisms of Piezo channels.
Cellular microRNA networks regulate host dependency of hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Li Qisheng , Lowey Brianna , Sodroski Catherine , Krishnamurthy Siddharth , Alao Hawwa , Cha Helen , Chiu Stephan , El-Diwany Ramy , Ghany Marc G. , Liang T. Jake 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCellular microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication, yet a systematic interrogation of the repertoire of miRNAs impacting HCV life cycle is lacking. Here we apply integrative functional genomics strategies to elucidate global HCV–miRNA interactions. Through genome-wide miRNA mimic and hairpin inhibitor phenotypic screens, and miRNA–mRNA transcriptomics analyses, we identify three proviral and nine antiviral miRNAs that interact with HCV. These miRNAs are functionally linked to particular steps of HCV life cycle and related viral host dependencies. Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that miR-25, let-7, and miR-130 families repress essential HCV co-factors, thus restricting viral infection at multiple stages. HCV subverts the antiviral actions of these miRNAs by dampening their expression in cell culture models and HCV-infected human livers. This comprehensive HCV–miRNA interaction map provides fundamental insights into HCV-mediated pathogenesis and unveils molecular pathways linking RNA biology to viral infections.
Baicalein ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis by suppressing TLR4/MyD88 signaling cascade and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice
Authors: Luo Xiaoping , Yu Zhilun , Deng Chao , Zhang Jingjing , Ren Gaiyan , Sun Aning , Mani Sridhar , Wang Zhengtao , Dou Wei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBaicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone), a predominant bioactive component isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has established potent anti-inflammatory activity via multi-targeted mechanisms. However, little is known about the effect of baicalein on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, which shares pathology related to human Crohn’s disease (CD). The present study demonstrated that baicalein alleviated the severity of TNBS-induced colitis in mice by decreasing the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. The decline in the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) correlated with a decrease in the expression of mucosal toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its adaptor myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). In vitro, baicalein down-regulated the TLR4/MyD88 signaling cascades (NF-κB and MAPKs) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. At the upstream level, baicalein bound to the hydrophobic region of the myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) pocket and inhibited the formation of the LPS-induced MD-2/TLR4 complex. Furthermore, baicalein reduced NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and downstream interleukin-1β expression in a dose-dependent manner. Our study provided evidence for the first time that baicalein attenuated TNBS-induced colitis, at least in part, via inhibition of TLR4/MyD88 signaling cascade as well as inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome.