bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the selection function on metallicity trends in spectroscopic surveys of the Milky Way
Authors: Nandakumar G. , Schultheis M. , Hayden M. , Rojas-Arriagada A. , Kordopatis G. , Haywood M. 
Published: July 2017

Context. Large spectroscopic Galactic surveys imply a selection function in the way they performed their target selection.
Aims. We investigate here the effect of the selection function on the metallicity distribution function (MDF) and on the vertical metallicity gradient by studying similar lines of sight using four different spectroscopic surveys (APOGEE, LAMOST, RAVE, and Gaia-ESO), which have different targeting strategies and therefore different selection functions.
Methods. We use common fields between the spectroscopic surveys of APOGEE, LAMOST, RAVE (ALR) and APOGEE, RAVE, Gaia-ESO (AGR) and use two stellar population synthesis models, GALAXIA and TRILEGAL, to create mock fields for each survey. We apply the selection function in the form of colour and magnitude cuts of the respective survey to the mock fields to replicate the observed source sample. We make a basic comparison between the models to check which best reproduces the observed sample distribution. We carry out a quantitative comparison between the synthetic MDF from the mock catalogues using both models to understand the effect of the selection function on the MDF and on the vertical metallicity gradient.
Results. Using both models, we find a negligible effect of the selection function on the MDF for APOGEE, LAMOST, and RAVE. We find a negligible selection function effect on the vertical metallicity gradients as well, though GALAXIA and TRILEGAL have steeper and shallower slopes, respectively, than the observed gradient. After applying correction terms on the metallicities of RAVE and LAMOST with respect to our reference APOGEE sample, our observed vertical metallicity gradients between the four surveys are consistent within 1σ. We also find consistent gradient for the combined sample of all surveys in ALR and AGR. We estimated a mean vertical metallicity gradient of − 0.241 ± 0.028 dex kpc-1. There is a significant scatter in the estimated gradients in the literature, but our estimates are within their ranges.
Conclusions. We have shown that there is a negligible selection function effect on the MDF and the vertical metallicity gradients for APOGEE, RAVE, and LAMOST using two stellar population synthesis models. Therefore, it is indeed possible to combine common fields of different surveys in studies using MDF and metallicity gradients provided their metallicities are brought to the same scale.
Cardioembolic Stroke: Mechanisms and Therapeutics
Authors: Sacchetti Daniel , Furie Karen , Yaghi Shadi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCardioembolic stroke accounts for nearly 30% of all known stroke mechanisms. This percentage may be underestimated, however, when considering the large proportion of cryptogenic strokes that likely have a covert cardiac source. Although it is well known that cardioembolic stroke can occur in the setting of atrial fibrillation, other mechanisms such as a systolic heart failure, patent foramen ovale, valvular dysfunction, and aortic arch atheroma are commonly encountered in daily practice. The authors provide an overview on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic evaluation, and secondary prevention treatment strategies for cardioembolic stroke.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Psychosocial Risk Factors for Stroke
Authors: Clegg Andrew , Patel Kulsum , Lucas Julie , Storey Hannah , Hackett Maree , Watkins Dame , Lightbody C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSeveral studies have assessed the link between psychosocial risk factors and stroke; however, the results were inconsistent. We have conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis of cohort or case-control studies to ascertain the association between psychosocial risk factors (psychological, vocational, behavioral, interpersonal, and neuropsychological) and the risk of stroke. Systematic searches were undertaken in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews between 2000 and January 2017. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. One reviewer assessed quality and extracted data, which was checked by a second reviewer. For studies that reported risk estimates, a meta-analysis was performed. We identified 41 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies. No neuropsychological papers were found. Overall, pooled adjusted estimates showed that all other psychosocial risk factors were independent risk factors for stroke. Psychological factors increased the risk of stroke by 39% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–1.51), vocational by 35% (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.20–1.51), and interpersonal by 16% (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03–1.31), and the effects of behavioral factors were equivocal (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.20–4.31). The meta-analyses were affected by heterogeneity. Psychosocial risk factors are associated with an increased risk of stroke.
Infant Botulism in the Very Young Neonate: A Case Series
Authors: Jackson Laura , Madan-Khetarpal Suneeta , Naik Monica , Michaels Marian , Riley Melissa 
Published: July 2017

Background Though botulism is a rare disease overall, all infants younger than 1 year of age are at risk of contracting infant botulism, the most prevalent form reported in the United States. Nonetheless, infant botulism is frequently omitted from the differential diagnosis of the very young neonate exclusively due to age, and the diagnosis is often only considered secondarily after a costly and prolonged work up is undertaken. Delayed diagnosis can lead not only to unnecessary testing but also to prolonged hospital stay and increased morbidity.
Case This case series highlights three critically ill neonates, all younger than 30 days, who presented to our neonatal intensive care unit and were eventually diagnosed with infant botulism. The initial diagnostic dilemma is described for each of these patients and highlights the importance of early recognition of the main symptoms, in addition to consideration of important potential coinciding conditions.
Advantages of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Severe Pectus Excavatum Assessment in Children
Authors: Triana Junco Paloma , Bret Monserrat , Gomez Cervantes Manuel , Muñoz Romo Martha , Jimenez Gomez Javier , Perez Vigara Ana , Parron Pajares Manuel , Luis Encinas Jose , Hernandez Francisco , Martinez Leopoldo , Lopez Santamaria Manuel , De La Torre Carlos , Dore Mariela 
Published: July 2017

Aim Cardiac function can be impaired in patients with pectus excavatum (PE) due to anatomic and dynamic compression of the heart. Efforts for radiation dose reduction in imaging techniques have allowed cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (c-MRI) to play a major role in PE assessment. The aim of our study is to describe the findings of c-MRI 18 months after we changed the PE assessment protocol from chest computed tomography to c-MRI.
Patients and Methods Since mid-2015 all patients with severe PE (suspected Haller's index > 3.2) were assessed with inspiratory and expiratory c-MRI. A retrospective analysis of these patients was performed evaluating the following parameters: (1) Radiologic PE indexes (Haller's, correction and asymmetry indexes; and sternal rotation) and (2) cardiac function (including left and right ventricle ejection fraction).
Results A total of 20 patients met the inclusion criteria. Dynamic imaging showed a significant difference during inspiration and expiration of the Haller's index 3.85 (range: 3.17–7.3) versus 5.10 (range: 3.85–10.8) (p < 0.05), and correction index (26.86% vs. 36.84%, respectively, p < 0.05). The sternal rotation was 14.5 (range: 0–36). c-MRI analysis disclosed a right ventricle ejection fraction of 50.3%. (normal range: 61% [54–71%]). Echocardiographic imaging underestimated the functional repercussion of PE in all patients.
Conclusion Initial results show that PE assessment by c-MRI allows a radiation-free image of the chest wall deformity during the entire breathing process. Also, it permitted the evaluation of the influence of sternum impingement on cardiac function. These findings allowed us a careful surgical evaluation and preoperative planning.
DMEK: Probleme vermeiden, erkennen, lösen
Authors: Bachmann Björn , Schrittenlocher Silvia , Schaub Friederike , Siebelmann Sebastian , Matthaei Mario , Cursiefen Claus 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungSeit der ersten erfolgreichen Descemet Membrane endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) vor über 10 Jahren hat sich diese Technik in vielen Regionen zu einem Routineeingriff entwickelt, der mittlerweile einen festen Platz im ophthalmochirurgischen Armamentarium bei der Behandlung von Hornhautendothelerkrankungen einnimmt. Im Vergleich mit der etwas älteren Methode der Descemetʼs Stripping (automated) endothelial Keratoplasty (DS[A]EK), bei der das Transplantat im Gegensatz zur DMEK noch eine Stromalamelle besitzt, wird bei der DMEK eine schnellere und bessere Visuserholung erzielt und gleichzeitig ist das Risiko der Abstoßungsreaktion deutlich reduziert. Dennoch birgt die Technik einige Schwierigkeiten, die ein besonderes Vorgehen zur Vermeidung intra- und postoperativer Komplikationen notwendig machen. Hierzu zählen Strategien zur Vermeidung von Endothelschädigungen während der Präparation, die richtige Spender-Patienten-Allokation ist wichtig für eine schonende Entfaltung der Transplantatrolle in der Vorderkammer, die Verwendung von SF6-Gas zur Transplantatanlage vermindert die Transplantatablösungsrate und damit die Notwendigkeit erneuter Vorderkammertamponaden (Rebubblings), und die richtige postoperative Behandlung mit topischen Steroiden hat maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung von zystoidem Makulaödem und Abstoßungsreaktionen. Durch die weitere Standardisierung, aber auch Individualisierung der DMEK kann sie mittlerweile auch bei Patienten mit schwierigen anatomischen Voraussetzungen des vorderen Augenabschnitts (anteriore Synechien, größere Irisdefekte, Glaukomdrainageimplantate) regelmäßig durchgeführt werden, wodurch gerade solche Patienten mit tendenziell erhöhtem Risiko von Wundheilungsstörungen und Abstoßungsreaktionen im Übermaß profitieren.
Comparing visualization techniques for learning second language prosody
Authors: Niebuhr Oliver , Alm Maria , Schümchen Nathalie , Fischer Kerstin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe tested the usability of prosody visualization techniques for second language (L2) learners. Eighteen Danish learners realized target sentences in German based on different visualization techniques. The sentence realizations were annotated by means of the phonological Kiel Intonation Model and then analyzed in terms of (a) prosodic-pattern consistency and (b) correctness of the prosodic patterns. In addition, the participants rated the usability of the visualization techniques. The results from the phonological analysis converged with the usability ratings in showing that iconic techniques, in particular the stylized “hat pattern” visualization, performed better than symbolic techniques, and that marking prosodic information beyond intonation can be more confusing than instructive. In discussing our findings, we also provide a description of the new Danish-German learner corpus we created: DANGER. It is freely available for interested researchers upon request.
Prompting offers of assistance in interaction
Authors: Haugh Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOne of the ways in which we can get someone to do something for us is through hinting. However, studies that have attempted to systematically examine requestive hints have faced difficulties in identifying hints as they are designed, by definition, to be ambiguous with respect to the intentions of that speaker. An alternative to this kind of circularity is to shift the analytical lens away from putative speaker intentions as the starting point of analysis. In this paper it is suggested that a properly pragmatic account of prompted offers requires systematic analysis of the situational conditions which afford the participants’ understanding of themasprompted, along with an appreciation of the three-part sequential architecture that is immanent to prompting offer sequences. It is concluded that pragmatic act theory has an important contribution to make to ongoing efforts to better understand fundamental processes of social action formation and ascription.
Monitoring Climate Impacts: Survival and Migration Timing of Summer Chum Salmon in Salmon Creek, Washington
Authors: Weinheimer Joshua , Anderson Joseph H. , Downen Mark , Zimmerman Mara , Johnson Thom 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn rivers of the Pacific Northwest, climate change is predicted to increase flow variability and water temperature, which may ultimately affect salmonid survival and the seasonal timing of key life history transitions. Summer Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta, native to tributaries flowing into Hood Canal and Strait of Juan de Fuca in Washington State, are particularly vulnerable to flow and temperature changes given their early spawn timing, yet relatively little is known regarding their juvenile life history. We investigated how flow and incubation temperatures influenced juvenile survival and timing of Chum Salmon in Salmon Creek between 2008 and 2016. Egg‐to‐migrant survival ranged from 0.9% to 46.3%, and was negatively related to the peak flow experienced during egg incubation from November 1 to January 31. Warm temperatures advanced emergence timing, as the number of days between the median spawning date and the median juvenile migration date was negatively related to average stream temperature during the same period. We used empirical data to estimate the range of accumulated temperature units (TUs) and survival that best explained the observed juvenile migration in the spring. The model indicated that incubating eggs experiencing warmer temperatures (2010, 2015, and 2016) accrued more TUs before emigration than did eggs incubating during colder years (2008, 2009, and 2014). Although the population exhibited some ability to compensate for warmer temperatures and stabilize emergence timing by increasing TU thresholds, our analysis, when combined with climate projections, suggests that warming temperature trends could significantly advance the timing of marine entry by weeks or more. Such a change could carry a corresponding impact on marine survival if emigration timing becomes desynchronized with spring zooplankton blooms in the marine environment, the primary source of nutrition for juvenile summer Chum Salmon.Received December 21, 2016; accepted April 16, 2017 Published online July 31, 2017
Performance of the Nordmøre Grid in Shrimp Trawling and Potential Effects of Guiding Funnel Length and Light Stimulation
Authors: Larsen Roger B. , Herrmann Bent , Sistiaga Manu , Brinkhof Jesse , Tatone Ivan , Langård Lise 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The introduction of the Nordmøre grid to shrimp trawls has reduced the issue of bycatch to that of small-sized species and juveniles that are able to pass through the grid and enter the small-meshed cod end together with the targeted shrimp. This study estimated the size- and species-selective performance of the Nordmøre grid in the configuration most often applied by fishermen and made a preliminary exploration of the effects of reducing the length of the guiding funnel in front of the grid and mounting light-emitting diodes (LEDs) around the escape exit. Experimental fishing trials were conducted in the Barents Sea to assess the size-selective properties of a 19-mm bar spacing Nordmøre grid, mandatory in this Norwegian trawl fishery targeting deepwater shrimp Pandalus borealis (also known as northern shrimp), and its potential improvement. Results were obtained for the target species and four bycatch species: redfish Sebastes spp., Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua, and American Plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides. In general, very few deepwater shrimp were found to escape through the escape exit, although the quantity increased slightly at larger sizes. Between 80% and 100% of the bycatch species up to a species-specific size passed through the grid and entered the cod end. A short guiding funnel decreased this for Haddock significantly by increasing the fraction of small Haddock seeking the escape exit. Further, adding LEDs around the escape exit significantly negated this effect. For the other bycatch species, the results indicated similar trends but were not statistically significant. However, considering that only a few fishing hauls were conducted using the short guiding funnel with or without mounting LEDs calls for some caution when attributing these changes to the configuration of the Nordmøre grid, and these preliminary results should be followed up by further testing before definitive conclusions are made.
Chitosan perception inArabidopsisrequires the chitin receptor AtCERK1 suggesting an improved model for receptor structure and function
Authors: Gubaeva Ekaterina , Gubaev Airat , Melcher Rebecca , Cord-Landwehr Stefan , Singh Ratna , Gueddari Nour Eddine El , Moerschbacher Bruno M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChitin, a linear polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and chitosans, fully or partially deacetylated derivatives of chitin, are known to elicit defense reactions in higher plants. We compared the ability of chitin and chitosan oligomers and polymers (chitin oligomers with degree of polymerization 3 to 8; chitosan oligomers with degree of acetylation 0% to 35% and degree of polymerization 3 to 15; chitosan polymers with degree of acetylation 1% to 60% and degree of polymerization ~1300) to elicit an oxidative burst indicative of induced defense reactions inA. thalianaseedlings. Fully deacetylated chitosans were not able to trigger a response; elicitor activity increased with increasing degree of acetylation of chitosan polymers. Partially acetylated chitosan oligomers required a minimum degree of polymerization of 6 and at least four N-acetyl groups to trigger a response. Invariably, elicitation of an oxidative burst required the presence of the chitin receptor AtCERK1. Our results as well as previously published studies on chitin and chitosan perception in plants are best explained by a new general model of LysM-containing receptor complexes where two partners form a long, but off-set chitin-binding groove and are, thus, dimerized by one chitin or chitosan molecule, sharing a central GlcNAc unit with which both LysM domains interact. To verify this model and to distinguish it from earlier models, we assayed elicitor and inhibitor activities of selected partially acetylated chitosan oligomers with fully defined structures. In contrast to the initial “continuous groove”, the original “sandwich”, or the current “sliding mode” models for the chitin/chitosan receptor, the here proposed “slipped sandwich” model - which builds on these earlier models and represents a consensus combination of these - is in agreement with all experimental observations.
miRNAtools: advanced training using the miRNA web of knowledge
Authors: Enguita Francisco J. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTmiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, that act as negative regulators of the genomic output. Their intrinsic importance within cell biology and human disease is well known. Their mechanism of action based on the base pairing binding to their cognate targets, have helped the development of many computer applications for the prediction of miRNA target recognition. More recently, many other computer applications have appeared with the objective of studying miRNA roles in many contexts, trying to dissect and predict their functions in a specific biological process. Learning about miRNA function needs a practical training in the use of specific computer and web-based applications that are complementary to the wet-lab studies. In the last seven years we have been involved in the organization of advanced training courses about thein silicofunctional analysis of miRNAs and non-coding RNAs, for students ranging from the postgraduate to the post-doctoral level. In order to guide the learning process about miRNAs, we have created miRNAtools (http://mirnatools.eu), a web repository of miRNA tools and tutorials. This page is a compilation of tools to analyze miRNAs and their regulatory action that intends to collect and organize the information that is dispersed in the web. The miRNAtools webpage is completed by a collection of tutorials that can be used by students and tutors engaged in advanced training courses. The tutorials follow the rationale of the analysis of the function of selected miRNAs, starting from their nomenclature and genomic localization and finishing by assessing their involvement in specific cellular functions.DESCRIPTION OF THE AUTHORFrancisco J. Enguita is assistant professor at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon and senior investigator at the Instituto de Medicina Molecular within the same University.KEY POINTS- We have designed a web-page, mIRNAtools3 (http://mirnatools.eu) specifically devoted for advanced teaching purposes within the miRNA field.- The webpage constitutes also a repository of web-tools for the analysis of miRNA function in several contexts.- The webpage contains tutorials that cover many aspects related with miRNAs including nomenclature, target prediction and validation, and functional analysis.
Flipping the odds of drug development success through human genomics
Authors: Hingorani Aroon D. , Kuan Valerie , Finan Chris , Kruger Felix A. , Gaulton Anna , Chopade Sandesh , Sofat Reecha , MacAllister Raymond J. , Overington John P. , Hemingway Harry , Denaxas Spiros , Prieto David , Casas Juan Pablo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDrug development depends on accurately identifying molecular targets that both play a causal role in a disease and are amenable to pharmacological action by small molecule drugs or bio-therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies.Errors in drug target specification contribute to the extremely high rates of drug development failure.Integrating knowledge of genes that encode druggable targets with those that influence susceptibility to common disease has the potential to radically improve the probability of drug development success.