bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bringing birth fathers to the forefront: A two‐decade scoping review of birth father experiences in adoption
Authors: Bolsby Samantha , Breen Kyle , Wu Haorui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn adoption, it is common to consider the adopted child, the adoptive parents, and the birth mother as part of the adoption galaxy. Yet, birth fathers are often missing elements in adoption‐focused research. This article aims to comprehensively understand the current knowledge regarding birth fathers' experiences in adoption. Adapting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses approach, this review identified 100 peer‐reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2022 on birth fathers in adoption. This article used a mixed‐methods approach to analyze the landscape of the current research. Quantitative analysis confirmed that birth fathers in adoption are under‐researched worldwide. In the qualitative analysis, the following themes emerged regarding birth fathers: a lack of openness, negative stereotypes, gatekeeping, and emotional impacts. The findings demonstrate the importance of considering the wishes and support needs of birth fathers when their child is being placed for adoption.
Advanced precipitation peak offsets middle growing‐season drought in impacting grassland C sink
Authors: Ru Jingyi , Wan Shiqiang , Xia Jianyang , Niu Shuli , Hui Dafeng , Song Jian , Feng Jiayin , Sun Dasheng , Wang Haidao , Qiu Xueli 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Redistribution of precipitation across seasons is a widespread phenomenon affecting dryland ecosystems globally. However, the impacts of shifting seasonal precipitation patterns on carbon (C) cycling and sequestration in dryland ecosystems remain poorly understood.

In this study, we conducted a 10‐yr (2013–2022) field manipulative experiment that altered the timing of growing‐season precipitation peaks in a semi‐arid grassland.

We found that the delayed precipitation peak suppressed plant growth and thus reduced gross ecosystem productivity, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem productivity due to middle growing‐season water stress. Surprisingly, shifting more precipitation to the early growing season can advance plant development, increase the dominance of drought‐tolerant forbs, and thus compensate for the negative impacts of middle growing‐season water stress on ecosystem C cycling, leading to a neutral change in grassland C sink.

Our findings indicate that greater precipitation and plant development in spring could act as a crucial mechanism, maintaining plant growth and stabilizing ecosystem C sink. This underscores the urgent need to incorporate precipitation seasonality into Earth system models, which is crucial for improving projections of terrestrial C cycling and sequestration under future climate change scenarios.
Identification of novel genomic loci for anxiety symptoms and extensive genetic overlap with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Tesfaye Markos , Jaholkowski Piotr , Shadrin Alexey A. , van der Meer Dennis , Hindley Guy F.L. , Holen Børge , Parker Nadine , Parekh Pravesh , Birkenæs Viktoria , Rahman Zillur , Bahrami Shahram , Kutrolli Gleda , Frei Oleksandr , Djurovic Srdjan , Dale Anders M. , Smeland Olav B. , O'Connell Kevin S. , Andreassen Ole A. 
Published: September 2024

AimsAnxiety disorders are prevalent and anxiety symptoms (ANX) co‐occur with many psychiatric disorders. We aimed to identify genomic loci associated with ANX, characterize its genetic architecture, and genetic overlap with psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe included a genome‐wide association study of ANX (meta‐analysis of UK Biobank and Million Veterans Program, n = 301,732), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BIP), major depression (MD), attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and validated the findings in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort (n = 95,841). We employed the bivariate causal mixture model and local analysis of covariant association to characterize the genetic architecture including overlap between the phenotypes. Conditional and conjunctional false discovery rate analyses were performed to boost the identification of loci associated with anxiety and shared with psychiatric disorders.ResultsAnxiety was polygenic with 12.9k genetic variants and overlapped extensively with psychiatric disorders (4.1k–11.4k variants) with predominantly positive genetic correlations between anxiety and psychiatric disorders. We identified 119 novel loci for anxiety by conditioning on the psychiatric disorders, and loci shared between anxiety and MD , BIP , SCZ , ADHD , and ASD . Genes annotated to anxiety loci exhibit enrichment for a broader range of biological pathways including cell adhesion and neurofibrillary tangle compared with genes annotated to the shared loci.ConclusionsAnxiety is highly polygenic phenotype with extensive genetic overlap with psychiatric disorders, and we identified novel loci for anxiety implicating new molecular pathways. The shared genetic architecture may underlie the extensive cross‐disorder comorbidity of anxiety, and the identified molecular underpinnings may lead to potential drug targets.
Nanoscale Thermal Cloak Based on Amorphous Hole Structure of Silicon Film
Authors: Zhang Haochun , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the continuous advancement of microelectronic devices towards miniaturization, diversification, and high frequencies, the excessive heat flux density within the device significantly affects its service life and operational stability. Thermal insulation is a commonly used method in thermal design. Researchers have developed thermal cloaks by transforming crystalline silicon films into functional regions. In previous work, a thermal cloak was successfully created through perforation. However, the perforated structure does not support the stability of the system. In this paper, we aim to construct a thermal cloak by filling the perforated region with an amorphous structure. This approach is designed to ensure both cloaking performance and system stability. We evaluate the cloaking performance by the ratio of thermal cloaking (RTC) and explain its cloaking mechanism through phonon localization theory. We find that the main reason for cloaking generation is the phonon localization phenomenon in the functional region. Our study is valuable for advancing the development of nanoscale thermal cloaks and can serve as a reference for the development of other nanoscale thermal functional devices.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Role of Oxygen and Nitrogen in the Evaporative Condensation Process of Water in the Knudsen Layer
Authors: Tian Zhijun , Liu Yanfeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The influence of different atmospheric pressures on the water evaporation process can be attributed to variations in Knudsen layer thicknesses and air particle densities within it. To investigate the influence, a nonequilibrium molecular dynamics model describing the process is introduced in this paper. Using both evaporation rate and virial pressure, water evaporation processes under four atmospheric pressures are investigated and analyzed. Higher evaporation rates are observed at the early stages of evaporation with higher atmospheric pressure. This anomaly can be attributed to the frequent short-range interaction between air and water molecules, caused by the increase of air molecules density. This can be attributed to the intense interaction between the high density of air molecules in the Knudsen layer and water molecules at the liquid surface, which contributes to the high evaporation rates. In the latter stages of evaporation, the low density of air molecules in the Knudsen layer may weaken the interaction within this layer, thereby further increasing the evaporation rates.
Mode-Resolved Phonon Transmittance Across Ga2O3/SiC Interface Using Lattice Dynamics With Machine Learning Potentials
Authors: Yang HongAo , Liu YuanBin , Cao BingYang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is emerging as a key material in power electronics due to its wide bandgap, with silicon carbide (SiC) serving as a potential efficient heat-removing substrate in Ga2O3 devices. Traditional methods fall short in accurately predicting thermal boundary conductance (TBC) at the Ga2O3/SiC interface. In this work, we combine machine learning potentials (MLP) and lattice dynamics (LD) to access mode-resolved phonon transmittance across Ga2O3/SiC interface. The MLP, specifically the MACE model, was trained using density functional theory (DFT) data to achieve near first-principles accuracy. The LD approach, grounded in the Landauer formula, significantly reduces computational demands by three orders of magnitude compared to traditional molecular dynamics (MD) methods. Our analysis of atomic displacements near the interface confirmed the reliability of our mode-resolved phonon transmittance. We found the TBC for Ga2O3/SiC to be around 137 MW/m2K, notably lower than predictions by the diffuse mismatch model (DMM), suggesting a pronounced material mismatch. Our approach lays the foundation for predicting the TBC of real material interfaces with first-principles accuracy and offers opportunities for the control of TBC in realistic material interfaces.
New Bubbles Behavior and Flow Pattern Transition of Open Micro-Channel and Jet Impingement Hybrid Cooling Scheme by Separating Liquid-Vapour Pathways
Authors: Li Yifei , Guo Yuming , Zhao Liang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Four new bubble behaviors and their flow patterns were observed in the visualization experiments, different from the bubbly flow, slug flow, stratified flow and annular flow in the existing research of open micro-channel. In the scheme of separating liquid-vapor pathways, small bubbles are generated from the bottom of the micro-channel, migrate to the top of the channel fins and continue to grow at the top of the channel fins under the condensation and fragmentation effect of the jet impingement, and then the channel flow pushes them away from the test module. From bubble flow to annular flow, there is never any formation of large bubble embolism covering multiple channels. The new flow pattern effectively suppressed the flow instability, allowing the bubbles to disengage in time with the liquid to replenish the drying point. The critical heat flux reached 342 W·cm−2, realizing enhanced heat transfer. A prediction model of critical heat flux and critical bubbles motion diameter were proposed based on the force balance of a bubble on the sidewall of micro-channel, and bubbles on the fins top. And the maximum errors were 11.3% and 20%, respectively. These findings have an impact on the further development of efficient cooling technology.
Experimental Investigation of Two-Phase Flows in Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Jingzhi , Lei Li , Li Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As a highly efficient and compact heat exchanger, printed circuit heat exchangers have been successfully used in various industrial applications, including electric energy, petrochemicals, and aerospace. They also have broad development potential. This paper builds a visual experimental platform for a single-layer PCHE microchannels heat exchanger with a structure of rectangular and semi-circular flow channels. It uses a high-speed camera to observe the two-phase flow pattern, interface, and bubble behavior in the single-layer PCHE microchannels. By combining MATLAB image processing technology to analyze the evolution of the gas-liquid flow pattern, bubble shape, and void fraction distribution characteristics in the flow channels, we can also analyze the impact of different PCHE flow channel structures and experimental working conditions parameters on the gas-liquid two-phase flow pattern and pressure drop in the PCHE microchannels.
Experimental results show that the flow patterns in rectangular and semicircular cross-section flow channels are mainly bubble flow and slug flow with different lengths. Wave flow will appear when the gas-liquid phase flow rate is relatively large, and bubble merging behavior occurs in the flow channel that causes wave flow. The void fraction distribution in the flow channels of the rectangular and semicircular structures is high in the middle and low on both sides. With an increase in the gas phase flow rate, large-sized bubbles are generated and small-sized bubbles accumulate at the inlet head, leading to partial blockage of the flow channels. This results in a more pronounced difference in the distribution of void fraction. Within the range of experimental flow parameters, different gas phase flow rates are fixed, as the liquid phase flow rate increases, the pressure drop of the flow channels also increases. The pressure drop of the semicircular structure flow channels are smaller under the condition of small gas phase flow, while under big gas phase flow conditions, the pressure drop of the rectangular structure flow channels are small.
Developing Code_Saturne for Advanced Micro-Scale Gas Transport
Authors: Gu Xiao-Jun , Greenbank Adam , Moulinec Charles , Emerson David R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Non-equilibrium gas flows represent a fundamental modelling challenge and exist in many industrial applications and scientific research facilities, including mass spectrometry, low-pressure environments, vacuum pumps, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), high-altitude vehicles, and porous media. The extent of the non-equilibrium state is usually measured by the Knudsen number, Kn, which is the ratio of the gas molecular mean free path to the characteristic macroscopic length scale of the flow. In the early transition regime, (0.1 &lt; Kn &lt; 1), the Navier-Stokes-Fourier (NSF) equations are no longer able to predict the flow field with any degree of accuracy. Kinetic theory approaches, such as the Boltzmann equation or direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC), can be used in this regime. For the Boltzmann equation, the complexity of the collision term makes it difficult to use in all but simple problems. In the case of DSMC, the computational cost is prohibitive. The moment method offers the best approach for capturing rarefied phenomena. More physics is embedded in the moment equations than in the NSF equations, with only a modest increase in computational cost.
The development of the moment method in the well-established open-source software, Code_Saturne, is presented. Detailed computed results for Poiseuille flow, lid-driven cavity flow, thermally induced flow, and flow past a square cylinder are given to validate the implementation.
Heat Transfer Effects of Sintered Particle Monolayers on Steam Flow Condensation in Mini-Channels With Flow Visualization
Authors: Riley Gennifer A. , Mendez David E. , Egbo Munonyedi K. , Hwang Gisuk , Derby Melanie M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, the enhancement of filmwise condensation heat transfer is explored for forced flow steam condensation in mini-channels, where the condensing surface has been modified with the addition of monolayer of sintered spherical particles. Filmwise condensation enhancement is the emphasis of this study as this is the most prevalent condensation mode in heat exchangers. Two copper test coupons were constructed with a monolayer of 100 μm or 200 μm diameter copper particles and compared against a plain coupon with no monolayer. All coupons have a hydraulic diameter of 1.9 mm and heat transfer coefficients were measured for steam mass fluxes of 50 kg/m2s and 125 kg/m2s. For a mass flux of 50 kg/m2s, both monolayer coupons displayed roughly parabolic trends in for heat transfer coefficient enhancement with the greatest enhancements, up to 52.8%, occurring at low (x ∼ 0.2) quality, up to 22.1%, occurring at a high (x ∼ 0.9) quality, but a decrease in heat transfer coefficient mid-range qualities (0.4 &lt; x &lt; 0.8) high as 11.4%. For the steam mass flux of 125 kg/m2s, there was far less quality dependence and the heat transfer coefficients were enhanced for all qualities with the enhancement ranging from 9.9% to 16.2%. Visualization confirmed that the monolayers could disrupt the fluid flow. However, flooding occurred for lower qualities where the film was thickest and for a mass flux of 50 kg/m2s where shear forces at the vapor-liquid interface were weakest.
Turbulent Flow Control in Composite Porous-Fluid Systems Through Graded Porosity
Authors: Jadidi Mohammad , Revell Alistair , Mahmoudi Yasser 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper presents our preliminary findings on the influence of graded porosity on the momentum exchange and heat transfer in a composite porous fluid system, utilizing pore-scale large eddy simulation. We examine two composite porous-fluid systems with identical overall porosity (Φ_Global) of 50%, differing only in local porosity (Φ_Local) configurations — bottom-up grading (20% to 80%) and top-down grading (80% to 20%). Through flow visualization, we observe fluid leakage from porous to non-porous regions across the porous-fluid interface in both cases. Graded porosity proves effective in regulating this phenomenon, introducing geometric constraints on the flow leakage — the primary mechanism governing momentum exchange and heat transfer across the porous-fluid interface. Additionally, distinct characteristics in the development of the turbulent boundary layer on the porous-fluid interface and the turbulent flow structures for the two examined cases, highlight the efficacy of graded porosity as a passive flow control strategy within porous-fluid systems. In conclusion, our research contributes valuable insights into the application of graded porosity for passive flow control in porous-fluid systems.
Thermoelectric Properties of Stressed P-Doped Polycrystalline Silicon Hollow Nanotubes
Authors: Sojo-Gordillo Jose Manuel , Kaur Yashpreet , Pacios-Pujadó Mercè , de Vito Giulio , Tachikawa Saeko , Morata Alex , Zardo Ilaria 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Thermoelectric generators have the potential to efficiently convert waste heat into valuable electrical power. Nanoengineering techniques have emerged as a promising solution to enhance the thermoelectric properties of abundant and inexpensive materials like silicon, in contrast with the scarce, toxic, and expensive conventional bulk materials. Recently, a novel class of nanostructured materials in the form of extensive, paper-like fabrics composed of nanotubes has been developed, offering a cost-effective and scalable approach to thermoelectric power generation. In this study, the fundamental properties of these individual nanotubes have been investigated and correlated with the nanostructure’s intrinsic strain for the first time. Transmission electron microscope analysis was used to morphologically characterize the thickness of the polycrystalline silicon and the SiO2 layers. Raman spectroscopy revealed the partially amorphous nature of the film and showed an intrinsic tensile stress of ∼500 MPa in the polycrystalline layer. Finally, electrothermal measurements using microfabricated suspended nitride membranes were carried out to characterize the thermoelectric properties of these nanotubes, namely: their thermal and electrical conductivities. Thermal conductivities ranging from 2.5 to 6.8 W/m·K and electrical conductivities of 21–219 S/cm were obtained.
Investigation of Liquid Cooling for Lithium-Based Batteries: A Numerical Analysis With Nano Enhanced Phase Change Materials and Metal Foam
Authors: Arumugam Aanandsundar , Buonomo Bernardo , Nardini Sergio , Manca Oronzio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the essential aspects of thermal management in electric vehicles, concentrating on the significant challenges associated with the regulation of temperature of rechargeable electric batteries. Utilizing a three-dimensional cylindrical model of a lithium-polymer single battery module, this numerical investigation explores the thermal control mechanisms. The control strategy involves the utilization of phase change materials with metal foam. The cooling of the battery is further achieved through convective flow of a nanofluid mixture of Al2O3 in water utilizing various tube arrangements. The implementation of the model is carried out using the finite volume method. The study concerns the estimation of Nusselt’s number and heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluid mixture for different Reynolds numbers. The study involves the simulation of various cases involving two different phase change materials (PCM’s) namely RT25HC and RT35 which are embedded with metal foam having a porosity of 20 PPI using different nanofluid mass flow rates and concentrations for a C-rate of 1C. The study includes a detailed analysis of maximum surface temperature of the battery, average temperature recorded by the PCM materials and the liquid fraction of the chosen nano enhanced PCM’s.
Multiscale Simulation on Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Electrodes for Electrolytic Air Dehumidification
Authors: Zhixian Tang , Ronghui Qi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As a new type of electrochemical method, air dehumidification based on PEM electrolyte membrane has the advantages of compact structure, no noise, and no polluting products. It has broad application prospects in the storage of products that require high humidity accuracy, and even in deep-sea exploration, aerospace, and other fields. In this paper, the transport and electrochemical reaction in porous electrodes was simulated. The dehumidification process of the catalyst layer with micro-structures and the macro-components were respectively simulated by lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and one-dimensional finite volume method (FVM). Based on the Nernst equation and the Butler-Volmer equation, the instantaneous reaction rates at different interfaces were calculated which controlled by the concentration of water vapor and impedance. The predicted dehumidification rate closely matched the experimental results with an average error of relative humidity of 0.53%. It visualizes transfer and dehumidification reactions inside components during operation, and has capabilities such as evaluating component performance and tracking performance obstacles in the catalytic layer (CL).
Physicochemical Characterization and Evaluation of the Suspending Properties of Boswellia papyrifera Gum in Metronidazole Benzoate Suspension
Authors: Woldu Gebremariam , Brhane Tsegay , Demoz Gebre Teklemariam 
Published: September 2024

Background: Currently, many natural gums are extensively utilized as suspending agents in the formulation of pharmaceutical suspensions. They are easily available, nontoxic, biodegradable, and cost‐effective to be used as pharmaceutical excipients.Objective: The present study was aimed at physicochemical characterization and evaluation of the suspending capacity of Boswellia papyrifera gum (BPG) in comparison with sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (SCMC) and tragacanth gum (TG).Methods: The extracted and powdered BPG was subjected to physicochemical properties such as micromeritics, solubility, swelling power, ash value, moisture content, conductivity, pH, and apparent viscosity using standard methods. Metronidazole benzoate suspensions were formulated using various concentrations of BPG, SCMC, and TG (1%–5% w/v). The apparent viscosity, flow rate, sedimentation volume, redispersibility number, pH, and drug content were studied as assessment parameters.Results: The micromeritic studies revealed that BPG exhibited good flow properties. There was also a significant increase in solubility and swelling power of the gum as a function of temperature. The gum had 2.78% ash value and 4.32% moisture content. Conductivity and apparent viscosity of the gum were found to be increased with concentration (p < 0.05). However, the apparent viscosity of BPG was decreased with shear rate (p < 0.05), rendering a pseudoplastic flow property of the gum, which is an ideal characteristic of suspending agents. The suspending capacity of the BPG was found to be comparable to SCMC, but higher than TG. Thus, it can be concluded that BPG could be used as the best alternative to natural and synthetic suspending agents.