bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lowering treatment temperature reduces salmon mortality: a new way to treat with hydrogen peroxide in aquaculture
Authors: Overton Kathy , Samsing Francisca , Oppedal Frode , Stien Lars H , Dempster Tim 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) baths are widely used to reduce numbers of salmon lice on farmed Atlantic salmon. Fish mortalities often occur after baths, with warmer temperatures increasing lethality. We tested whether mortality could be reduced and lice removal efficacy maintained by lowering bath temperatures relative to ambient temperatures. Post‐smolt salmon infected with lice were held at 10, 13 or 16 °C, and treated with 1.5 g/L H2O2 for 20 min at equal or lower bath temperatures of 7, 10 or 13 °C.RESULTSSalmon mortality decreased as ambient and bath temperatures decreased. No mortality occurred when fish at 13 °C were treated at 7 °C. For ambient temperatures of 16 °C, the number of lice remaining was reduced by four‐fold when treated at 7 °C compared with 13 °C. All treatments in which mortality was zero had similar efficacies regardless of bath temperature.CONCLUSIONWe took salmon from warmer to colder temperatures to determine the optimum bathing temperature to prevent mortality. A temperature of 7 °C was optimal when treating with 1.5 g/L of H2O2, as mortality was zero and pre‐adult lice removal was unchanged. By manipulating temperature, we developed a new method of H2O2 bathing that reduces mortality. When ambient temperatures are >10 °C, we recommend that the industry decrease H2O2 bath temperatures. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Organisch modifizierte poröse Schichten für Antifog‐Anwendungen
Authors: Müller Heike , Knopf Heiko , Schulz Ulrike 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungOberflächenbeschlag verringert die Effizienz optischer Oberflächen und kann sogar zu einem erheblichen Sicherheitsrisiko führen. Neben einem neuen Ansatz für Beschichtungen, die dem Beschlag entgegenwirken, wird ein Messaufbau zur Bestimmung des Oberflächenbeschlages, präsentiert. Der Beschlag auf optischen Oberflächen wird unter Verwendung eines monochromatischen Testmusters bestimmt. Zur Funktionalisierung einer anorganischen porösen Schicht werden drei verschiedene hydrophile organische Materialien verwendet. Verschiedene Viskositäten der Organika haben einen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Befüllungserfolg.
Efficient optimization of the reward-risk ratio with polyhedral risk measures
Authors: Ogryczak Wlodzimierz , Przyłuski Michał , Śliwiński Tomasz 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In problems of portfolio selection the reward-risk ratio criterion is optimized to search for a risky portfolio offering the maximum increase of the mean return, compared to the risk-free investment opportunities. In the classical model, following Markowitz, the risk is measured by the variance thus representing the Sharpe ratio optimization and leading to the quadratic optimization problems. Several polyhedral risk measures, being linear programming (LP) computable in the case of discrete random variables represented by their realizations under specified scenarios, have been introduced and applied in portfolio optimization. The reward-risk ratio optimization with polyhedral risk measures can be transformed into LP formulations. The LP models typically contain the number of constraints proportional to the number of scenarios while the number of variables (matrix columns) proportional to the total of the number of scenarios and the number of instruments. Real-life financial decisions are usually based on more advanced simulation models employed for scenario generation where one may get several thousands scenarios. This may lead to the LP models with huge number of variables and constraints thus decreasing their computational efficiency and making them hardly solvable by general LP tools. We show that the computational efficiency can be then dramatically improved by alternative models based on the inverse ratio minimization and taking advantages of the LP duality. In the introduced models the number of structural constraints (matrix rows) is proportional to the number of instruments thus not affecting seriously the simplex method efficiency by the number of scenarios and therefore guaranteeing easy solvability.
Anti‐inflammatory Effects of Enhanced Recovery Programs on Early‐Stage Colorectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Venara Aurélien , Duchalais Emilie , Dariel Anne , Aubert Philippe , Durand Tony , Meurette Guillaume , Rolli‐Derkinderen Malvyne , Hamy Antoine , Neunlist Michel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative ileus (POI) is observed in 20–30% of patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery, despite enhanced recovery programs (ERPs). Cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 is identified as a key enzyme in POI, but other arachidonic acid pathway enzymes have received little attention despite their potential as selective targets to prevent POI. The objectives were to compare the expression of arachidonic acid metabolism (AAM) enzymes (1) between patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery and followed an ERP or not (NERP), (2) and between ERP patients who experimented POI or not and (3) to determine the ability of antagonists of these pathways to modulate contractile activity of colonic muscle.MethodsThis was a translational study. Main outcome measures were gastrointestinal motility recovery data, mRNA expressions of key enzymes involved in AAM (RT‐qPCR) and ex vivo motility values of the circular colon muscle. Twenty‐eight prospectively included ERP patients were compared to eleven retrospectively included NERP patients that underwent colorectal cancer surgery.ResultsERP reduced colonic mucosal COX‐2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES1) and hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (HPGDS) mRNA expression. mPGES1 and HPGDS mRNA expression were significantly associated with ERP compliance (respectively, r2 = 0.25, p = 0.002 and r2 = 0.6, p < 0.001). In muscularis propria, HPGDS mRNA expression was correlated with GI motility recovery (p = 0.002). The pharmacological inhibition of mPGES1 increased spontaneous ex vivo contractile activity in circular muscle (p = 0.03).ConclusionThe effects of ERP on GI recovery are correlated with the compliance of ERP and could be mediated at least in part by mPGES1, HPGDS and COX‐2. Furthermore, mPGES1 shows promise as a therapeutic target to further reduce POI duration among ERP patients.
The Role of Intestinal Stem Cells in Epithelial Regeneration Following Radiation-Induced Gut Injury
Authors: Kim Chang-Kyung , Yang Vincent W. , Bialkowska Agnieszka B. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Intestinal epithelial cells show remarkable plasticity in regenerating the epithelium following radiation injury. In this review, we explore the regenerative capacity and mechanisms of various populations of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in response to ionizing radiation.

Recent Findings
Ionizing radiation targets mitotic cells that include “active” ISCs and progenitor cells. Lineage-tracing experiments showed that several different cell types identified by a single or combination of markers are capable of regenerating the epithelium, confirming that ISCs exhibit a high degree of plasticity. However, the identities of the contributing cells marked by various markers require further validation.

Summary
Following radiation injury, quiescent and/or radioresistant cells become active stem cells to regenerate the epithelium. Looking forward, understanding the mechanisms by which ISCs govern tissue regeneration is crucial to determine therapeutic approaches to promote intestinal epithelial regeneration following injury.
Introduction to a special section on Explaining Positive Adaptation of Immigrant and Minority Youth across Cultures
Authors: Titzmann Peter F. , Ferrer‐Wreder Laura , Dimitrova Radosveta 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThis special section on “Explaining Positive Adaptation of Immigrant and Minority Youth across Cultures” is the result of an expert meeting organized by the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), the European Association of Developmental Psychology (EADP), and the European Association for Research on Adolescence (EARA). The aim of this special section was to bring together empirical studies and expert commentaries on a pressing topic of global importance, and to explore intersections between the fields of acculturation and positive youth development. From these contributions, several major challenges were identified. These included the need for greater attention to the strengths and adaptation of immigrant adolescents (i.e., to include a positive youth development framework in acculturation research and theory), the differentiation and intersections between acculturative processes and normative developmental challenges, the evolution acculturation theory, the need to better understand contact between multiple groups, the consideration of context‐dependency and dynamic nature of acculturative processes.
Brain Activity Unique to Orgasm in Women: An fMRI Analysis
Authors: Wise Nan J. , Frangos Eleni , Komisaruk Barry R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
Although the literature on imaging of regional brain activity during sexual arousal in women and men is extensive and largely consistent, that on orgasm is relatively limited and variable, owing in part to the methodologic challenges posed by variability in latency to orgasm in participants and head movement.

Aim
To compare brain activity at orgasm (self- and partner-induced) with that at the onset of genital stimulation, immediately before the onset of orgasm, and immediately after the cessation of orgasm and to upgrade the methodology for obtaining and analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings.

Methods
Using fMRI, we sampled equivalent time points across female participants’ variable durations of stimulation and orgasm in response to self- and partner-induced clitoral stimulation. The first 20-second epoch of orgasm was contrasted with the 20-second epochs at the beginning of stimulation and immediately before and after orgasm. Separate analyses were conducted for whole-brain and brainstem regions of interest. For a finer-grained analysis of the peri-orgasm phase, we conducted a time-course analysis on regions of interest. Head movement was minimized to a mean less than 1.3 mm using a custom-fitted thermoplastic whole-head and neck brace stabilizer.

Outcomes
Ten women experienced orgasm elicited by self- and partner-induced genital stimulation in a Siemens 3-T Trio fMRI scanner.

Results
Brain activity gradually increased leading up to orgasm, peaked at orgasm, and then decreased. We found no evidence of deactivation of brain regions leading up to or during orgasm. The activated brain regions included sensory, motor, reward, frontal cortical, and brainstem regions (eg, nucleus accumbens, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, operculum, right angular gyrus, paracentral lobule, cerebellum, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area, and dorsal raphe).

Clinical Translation
Insight gained from the present findings could provide guidance toward a rational basis for treatment of orgasmic disorders, including anorgasmia.

Strengths and Limitations
This is evidently the first fMRI study of orgasm elicited by self- and partner-induced genital stimulation in women. Methodologic solutions to the technical issues posed by excessive head movement and variable latencies to orgasm were successfully applied in the present study, enabling identification of brain regions involved in orgasm. Limitations include the small sample (N = 10), which combined self- and partner-induced stimulation datasets for analysis and which qualify the generalization of our conclusions.

Conclusion
Extensive cortical, subcortical, and brainstem regions reach peak levels of activity at orgasm.
Towards a New Horizon in Investor–State Dispute Settlement? Reflections on the Investment Tribunal System in the Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA)
Authors: SARDINHA ELSA 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the European Union is the first treaty to specify new rules governing the identity and tenure of arbitral members and provide a more extensive review function through a two-tiered investment tribunal system (ITS). CETA signals a shift towards a more public and judicialized system, akin to that of many national legal systems and the World Trade Organization. The ITS creates a permanent first instance tribunal and an appeal tribunal (featuring a pre-elected roster of tribunal members), which is competent to review the tribunal’s decisions for errors of law and fact, as well as on the grounds of Article 52 of the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID Convention) — making it a novel one-stop-appellate-shop. This treaty comment assesses the operation of, and reasons for, key provisions of CETA’s Investment Chapter and examines the extent to which it addresses points of criticism and lessons learned from the experience of arbitrating under the North American Free Trade Agreement and other open-textured treaties. The analysis draws analogies to, and distinctions from, other treaties and relevant jurisprudence that have influenced the negotiators. Among CETA’s most striking features are its purported modification of existing arbitral rules (ICSID Convention, ICSID Additional Facility Rules, and UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules) and its removal of disputing party involvement in the selection of the tribunal in favour of a roster appointed ex ante by the state parties, which results in a considerable amount of the investor’s autonomy being stripped away. While these and other issues must be further analyzed and balanced in the context of present discussions regarding the creation of a multilateral investment tribunal, CETA nevertheless contains significant procedural and substantive innovations and stands as a guide for future treaty negotiations and reforms of investor–state dispute settlement.
Macronutrient intakes and serum oestrogen, and interaction with polymorphisms in CYP19A1 and HSD17B1 genes: a cross-sectional study in postmenopausal Japanese women
Authors: Takagi Sahoko , Naito Mariko , Kawai Sayo , Okada Rieko , Nagata Chisato , Hosono Satoyo , Nishida Yuichiro , Takashima Naoyuki , Suzuki Sadao , Shimoshikiryo Ippei , Mikami Haruo , Uemura Hirokazu , Kuriyama Nagato , Ohnaka Keizo , Kubo Michiaki , Hamajima Nobuyuki , Tanaka Hideo , Wakai Kenji 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlthough higher circulating levels of oestrogen are related to postmenopausal breast cancer risk, limited information is available regarding effects of diet on endogenous oestrogen. Thus, we examined associations between macronutrient intakes and serum oestrogen with consideration of polymorphisms in oestrogen-metabolising genes. In this cross-sectional study, 784 naturally menopaused Japanese women aged 47–69 years were selected from participants of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. We documented dietary intakes, measured serum concentrations of oestrone (E1) and oestradiol (E2) and genotyped polymorphisms in oestrogen-metabolising CYP19A1 (rs4441215 and rs936306) and HSD17B1 (rs605059) genes. Trends and interactions were examined using linear regression models. In addition, we calculated the ratios of the oestrogen concentrations of the second to the highest quartiles (Q2–Q4) of dietary intake to those of the lowest quartiles (Q1). After adjustment for potential confounders, E2 was significantly associated with intake of carbohydrate and noodles; ratios of Q4 v. Q1 were 1·15 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·28) and 1·15 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·26), respectively. In contrast, E2 levels were inversely associated with intake of total energy, SFA and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA); ratios of Q4 v. Q1 were 0·90 (95 % CI 0·82, 0·99), 0·89 (95 % CI 0·81, 0·98) and 0·91 (95 % CI 0·83, 1·00), respectively. In stratified analysis by polymorphisms, the rs605059 genotype of HSD17B1 significantly modified associations of E2 with intake of n-3 HUFA and fish; the associations were limited to those with the CC genotype. Macronutrient intakes were associated with serum E2 level, and these associations may be modified by HSD17B1 polymorphism in postmenopausal women.
Reliability and Utility of Manual and Automated Estimates of Total Intracranial Volume
Authors: Crowley Samuel J. , Tanner Jared J. , Ramon Daniel , Schwab Nadine A. , Hizel Loren P. , Price Catherine C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectives: Total intracranial volume (TICV) is an important control variable in brain–behavior research, yet its calculation has challenges. Manual TICV (Manual) is labor intensive, and automatic methods vary in reliability. To identify an accurate automatic approach we assessed the reliability of two FreeSurfer TICV metrics (eTIV and Brainmask) relative to manual TICV. We then assessed how these metrics alter associations between left entorhinal cortex (ERC) volume and story retention. Methods: Forty individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and 40 non-PD peers completed a brain MRI and memory testing. Manual metrics were compared to FreeSurfer’s Brainmask (a skull strip mask with total volume of gray, white, and most cerebrospinal fluid) and eTIV (calculated using the transformation matrix into Talairach space). Volumes were compared with two-way interclass correlations and dice similarity indices. Associations between ERC volume and Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition Logical Memory retention were examined with and without correction using each TICV method. Results: Brainmask volumes were larger and eTIV volumes smaller than Manual. Both automated metrics correlated highly with Manual. All TICV metrics explained additional variance in the ERC-Memory relationship, although none were significant. Brainmask explained slightly more variance than other methods. Conclusions: Our findings suggest Brainmask is more reliable than eTIV for TICV correction in brain-behavioral research. (JINS, 2018, 24, 206–211)
The Changing Role of European Documentation Centres and How ‘Brexit’ Might Affect the Network
Authors: Watson Margaret 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEuropean Documentation Centres (EDCs) are neutral collections of official publications of the European Union, open to the public and normally housed in academic institutions throughout the European Union (EU). EDC status entitles the host organisation to receive one copy of the most significant publications and documents of the EU. The EDC network goes back to 1963, and its primary purpose has always been the support of academic research into European integration. The decision to trigger Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union clearly raises questions about role of the EDCs in the United Kingdom after ‘Brexit’. This article is written by Margaret Watson.
Legal Research Training at Middle Temple Library
Authors: Woellhaf Adam 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article, written by Adam Woellhaf, describes the legal research training offered by Middle Temple Library to Inns of Court members. It examines the challenges of designing and delivering legal research training to practitioners, as well as offering guidance and advice to others in their own legal research training efforts. It also looks at the potential for using mobile technology in legal research instruction.
miR-23a/b promote tumor growth and suppress apoptosis by targeting PDCD4 in gastric cancer
Authors: Hu Xiuting , Wang Yanbo , Liang Hongwei , Fan Qian , Zhu Ruichi , Cui Jiayi , Zhang Weijie , Zen Ke , Zhang Chen-Yu , Hou Dongxia , Zhou Zhen , Chen Xi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs of 21–23 nucleotides that play important roles in virtually all biological pathways in mammals and in other multicellular organisms. miR-23a and miR-23b (miR-23a/b) are critical oncomiRs (miRNAs that are associated with human cancers) of gastric cancer, but their detailed roles in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer remain to be elucidated. In this study, we found that miR-23a/b were consistently upregulated in gastric cancer tissues. We then investigated the molecular mechanisms through which miR-23a/b contribute to gastric cancer and identified programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) as a direct target gene of miR-23a/b. In contrast to the upregulated expression levels of miR-23a/b, PDCD4 protein levels were dramatically downregulated and inversely correlated with miR-23a/b in gastric cancer tissues. Moreover, we observed that cell apoptosis was increased by miR-23a/b inhibitors and decreased by miR-23a/b mimics in gastric cancer cells and that the restoration of PDCD4 expression attenuated the anti-apoptotic effects of miR-23a/b in gastric cancer cells, indicating that PDCD4 is a direct mediator of miR-23a/b functions. Finally, we showed that miR-23a/b significantly suppressed PDCD4 expression and enhanced tumor growth in a gastric cancer xenograft mouse model. Taken together, this study highlights an important role for miR-23a/b as oncomiRs in gastric cancer through the inhibition of PDCD4 translation. These findings may shed new light on the molecular mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis and provide a new avenue for gastric cancer treatment.
Trehalose ameliorates oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress via selective autophagy stimulation and autophagic flux restoration in osteoarthritis development
Authors: Tang Qian , Zheng Gang , Feng Zhenhua , Chen Yu , Lou Yiting , Wang Chenggui , Zhang Xiaolei , Zhang Yu , Xu Huazi , Shang Ping , Liu Haixiao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOxidative stress-related apoptosis and autophagy play crucial roles in the development of osteoarthritis (OA), a progressive cartilage degenerative disease with multifactorial etiologies. Here, we determined autophagic flux changes and apoptosis in human OA and tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-treated chondrocytes. In addition, we explored the potential protective effects of trehalose, a novel Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)-independent autophagic inducer, in TBHP-treated mouse chondrocytes and a destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) mouse OA model. We found aberrant p62 accumulation and increased apoptosis in human OA cartilage and chondrocytes. Consistently, p62 and cleaved caspase-3 levels increased in mouse chondrocytes under oxidative stress. Furthermore, trehalose restored oxidative stress-induced autophagic flux disruption and targeted autophagy selectively by activating BCL2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and Phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5). Trehalose could ameliorate oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, ATP level decrease, dynamin-related protein 1 (drp-1) translocation into the mitochondria, and the upregulation of proteins involved in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related apoptosis pathway. In addition, trehalose suppressed the cleavage of caspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and prevented DNA damage under oxidative stress. However, the anti-apoptotic effects of trehalose in TBHP-treated chondrocytes were partially abolished by autophagic flux inhibitor chloroquine and BNIP3- siRNA. The protective effect of trehalose was also found in mouse OA model. Taken together, these results indicate that trehalose has anti-apoptotic effects through the suppression of oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial injury and ER stress which is dependent on the promotion of autophagic flux and the induction of selective autophagy. Thus, trehalose is a promising therapeutic agent for OA.