bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O seqüestro das rendas petrolíferas pelo poder local: a gênese das quase sortudas regiões produtoras
Authors: Serra Rodrigo Valente 
Published: January 2017

Por que recebem royalties os estados e municípios litorâneos, confrontantes com as áreas de produção na Plataforma Continental Brasileira? A indagação é relevante, sobretudo quando está sacramentado pela Constituição a titularidade da União sobre as jazidas minerais. De fato, foi a tensão de nosso pacto federativo fiscal que construiu esta possibilidade. Seriam, sim, sortudos os Estados e Municípios litorâneos das regiões petrolíferas nacionais que, diferentemente de outros regimes internacionais de repartição das rendas petrolíferas, são beneficiários de quantias expressivas destas rendas, as quais imprimem, principalmente aos Municípios, uma enorme capacidade de investimento. Tal sorte, contudo, foi parcialmente retirada dos munícipes desta região, pois as normas de aplicação daquelas rendas petrolíferas não vinculam de forma efetiva estes recursos com ações pró-desenvolvimento regional. Se são sortudos os gestores, são quase sortudos os munícipes. O interesse deste estudo é discutir a hipótese sobre a captura por interesses locais dos valiosos recursos dos royalties, utilizando como fonte básica de informação os debates realizados na Câmara e no Senado Federal, durante o processo de aprovação do regime de cobrança, rateio e aplicação dos royalties do petróleo. Palavras-chave: royalties do Petróleo: distribuição; indústria petrolífera; tributação; política mineral; Brasil. Abstract: Why do the coastal states and municipalities, bordering on the production areas of the Brazilian Continental Platform, get royalties? The question is especially relevant remembering that the Constitution validates the federal government’s ownership of the mineral reserves. It was, in fact, the tension brought on by our federal treaty on fiscal policies that made this possible. The national oil regions’ coastal states and municipalities are indeed lucky. In contrast to other international regimes on distribution of revenue from oil production, they are the beneficiaries of large sums obtained from mentioned revenues, which would allow for these same municipalities to make great investments. Nevertheless, this luck was partially withdrawn from the inhabitants of the municipalities of these regions, because the rules of applying the oil production revenues did not guarantee regional developmental projects. If the governors of the municipalities are the lucky ones, that leaves the inhabitants almost lucky. The aim of this study is to discuss the hypothesis on the capture of local interests by these royalties’ valuable resources, using as basic informative background the debates that were being held in the Chamber and Federal Senate during the process of approval of the regime concerning collection, distribution and use of oil royalties.Keywords: oil revenue: distribution; oil industry; taxing; mineral.
Reflexões sobre a integração pan-amazônica: o papel da Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica (OTCA) na regulação da água
Authors: Ravena Nírvia , Cañete Voyner R. 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo discute a história institucional dos marcos regulatórios para o acesso e uso da água no Brasil, assim como a influência dessa regulação na elaboração de uma gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos na Pan-Amazônia. Os processos que envolvem a regulação da água no Brasil e a confecção do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica (TCA) são pontos sobre os quais são construídas as reflexões sobre o papel desses formatos institucionais numa gestão integrada e específica da água no contexto amazônico.Palavras-chave: regulação; meio ambiente; Amazônia; água. Abstract: This paper discusses the institutional history of the regulatory framework for access and use of water in Brazil, as well as the influence of this regulation in the preparation of integrated management of water resources in the Pan Amazon region. The process that involves water regulation in Brazil and the drafting of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty (ACT) is the starting point for reflections on the role of those institutional formats in integrated and specific water management in the Amazon context.Keywords: regulation; environment; Amazon region; water.
O mercado de terras em São Paulo e a continuada expansão da periferia
Authors: Torres Haroldo Da Gama , Gonçalves Renata 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo investiga aspectos da evolução da produção imobiliária habitacional formal na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) nos últimos quinze anos. A partir de uma breve reflexão sobre a idéia de centralidade e da utilização de dados de lançamentos imobiliários (Embraesp), elabora-se um modelo de formação do preço da terra que evidencia a grande importância da localização geográfica do imóvel. Os dados apontam também para um incremento significativo do preço dos imóveis residenciais ao longo da década de 1990 nas áreas urbanas mais centrais, o que poderia, em parte, explicar o processo de esvaziamento demográfico do chamado “centro expandido” e a persistente expansão das áreas periféricas, uma vez que um número menor de moradores tem tido acesso às áreas centrais, mais valorizadas.Palavras-chave: mercado de Terras; segregação residencial; São Paulo; planejamento urbano; áreas metropolitanas. Abstract: This article analyzes how the formal real estate production of the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo has evolved in the past 15 years. From a brief discussion on the idea of centrality, and by using real estate data on new developments (Embraesp), the authors have produced a pricing model that stresses the importance geographic location plays in determining real estate prices. Data also indicate that prices of residential real estate substantially increased during the 1990s in more central urban areas. This may partly explain why the so-called “expanded central area” has been experiencing a process of demographic decline, while peripheral areas have consistently swollen: a limited number of city dwellers can afford living in the more valuable central areas. Keywords: land market; residential segregation; São Paulo; urban planning; metropolitan areas.
De volta a um futuro incerto: relações intergovernamentais e gestão metropolitana na RMBH
Authors: Faria Carlos Aurélio Pimenta de 
Published: January 2017

O objetivo do trabalho é analisar, de uma perspectiva geral e comparativa, o comportamento das lideranças políticas dos municípios pertencentes à Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte frente aos constrangimentos e incentivos às relações intergovernamentais, no âmbito metropolitano, proporcionados por três diferentes modelos de organização da cooperação intergovernamental: (a) aquele imposto pelo governo federal nos anos 1970, altamente hierarquizado; (b) o do “hipermunicipalismo simétrico”, instituído após a Constituição Estadual de Minas Gerais, de 1989; e (c) o de integração dita “negociada”, que está sendo implantado desde 2006. Objetiva-se analisar as estratégias adotadas pelos municípios da RMBH diante dos distintos graus de liberdade que lhes foram concedidos pelos três modelos, e da capacidade de monopolização da agenda e de priorização de determinados interesses por parte dos municípios do eixo econômico e dos governos estadual e federal.Palavras-chave: metrópoles; gestão metropolitana; relações intergovernamentais; Região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte; Ambel. Abstract: The paper aims to analyze, from a general and comparative perspective, the behavior of the political leadership of the municipalities that are part of Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, given the incentives and constraints to the intergovernmental relations, in the metropolitan sphere, posed by the three distinct models institutionalized to produce intergovernmental cooperation: (a) the one imposed by the Federal Government in the 1970s, highly hierarchical; (b) the one characterized by “symmetrical hipermunicipalism”, that was institutionalized after Minas Gerais State Constitution of 1989; and (c) the one of “negotiated integration”, which has been built since 2006. The objective is to analyze the strategies adopted by the municipalities in the face of the several degrees of autonomy conceded by the three models and of the capacity to monopolize the agenda and to give priority to certain interests by the municipalities belonging to the region’s economic axis and by state and federal government. Keywords: metropolis; metropolitan management; intergovernmental relations; Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte; Ambel.
O direito das favelas no contexto das políticas de regularização: a complexa convivência entre legalidade, norma comunitária e arbítrio
Authors: Magalhães Alex Ferreira 
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho consiste em um debate sobre a especificidade da presença do Estado em favelas, especialmente do chamado Estado Legal, que se corporifica num conjunto de normas abstratas e genéricas e em órgãos e procedimentos criados para efetivá-las. Toma-se como ponto de partida do debate um exercício de análise de conteúdo de entrevistas realizadas ao longo de 2008 com moradores de favela situada no Rio de Janeiro, que está passando por intervenções no sentido de promover sua regularização urbanística e fundiária, para que venha a ser integrada à cidade. As entrevistas tiveram como objetivo identificar as normas que de fato se encontram em operação no espaço da favela, no tocante às relações de vizinhança e ao uso e ocupação do solo, bem como a fonte dessa normatividade, no sentido de reconhecer se tais normas proviriam do Estado, se teriam sido elaboradas internamente pelos próprios moradores, ou se proviriam de alguma outra possível fonte, como uma combinação de fontes estatais e “comunitárias”. E a partir disso, debater teoricamente a natureza dessas normas, forjando uma interpretação sobre o caráter e o significado social da regulação do espaço que nelas se materializa, bem como identificar os impactos socioespaciais provocados pelas intervenções de regularização. Palavras-chave: favelas; direito da favela; regularização fundiária; Estado Legal; pluralismo jurídico; normas locais. Abstract: This paper consists of a discussion on the particularities of State’s attitude towards the slums in Rio de Janeiro, focused on the case of the so called Legislative State, which is materialized into the creation of abstract and general rules and also through departments and procedures implemented in order to make the legislation effective. At a starting point, analysis of some interviews is provided. These interviews were developed in2008 with dwellers of a slum which has been receiving public works of urbanization and land regularization in order to provide its urban integration. These interviews aimed to realize which rules have actually been working within the slum area, especially the rules related to neighborhood, the use of the land and building matters. Likewise, this research aimed at discovering something about the rules sources, i.e., if they would derive from the State Legislation, or from dwellers’ creation (a “community based law”), or from any other process, as a gathering of both of them. Grounded in such information set, it is desired to develop a theoretical discussion on the nature of these rules, on its social meanings, especially regarded to its space regulation qualities, as well as on social and spatial effects of land regularization politics. Keywords: slums; slums' law; land regularization; legislative state; legal pluralism; community based law.
Espaços urbanos seguros: a temática da segurança no desenho da cidade
Authors: Souza Maria Julieta Nunes de , Compans Rose 
Published: January 2017

O artigo trata de uma nova tendência surgida no desenho urbano que incorpora estratégias espaciais visando à segurança pública. A partir de metodologia desenvolvida nos países centrais e difundida por agências multilaterais, tais estratégias são adotadas no Brasil pela Secretaria Nacional de Segurança Pública, no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Segurança Pública com Cidadania. Com base na bibliografia pertinente ao assunto, pretende-se apresentar os principais aspectos deste programa, sua base metodológica, bem como os pressupostos teóricos que o fundamentam. Transformado em metodologia de projeto urbano, vem sendo aplicado a várias metrópoles brasileiras, através do chamado Projeto Espaços Urbanos Seguros, que consiste em um conjunto de intervenções físicas em bolsões de pobreza. A experiência enfocada neste trabalho ocorre no Rio de Janeiro, em 30 áreas de favelas, e foi adotada por ocasião da realização dos Jogos Pan-Americanos em 2007. Palavras-chave: espaços urbanos seguros; segurança pública; espaço e criminalidade. Abstract: This paper outlines a tendency in urban design that leads to the incorporation of spatial strategies aiming at public security. Based on a methodology developed in central countries and spread out by multilateral agencies, these strategies have been adopted in Brazil by the National Public Security Department, in the realm of the National Public Security and Citizenship Programme. Making use of specific core bibliography, we aim at showing the main aspects of this program, its methodological basis as well as theoretical approaches that have founded its conception. Having turned itself into a urban design methodology, this tool has been applied in many Brazilian cities through the implementation of ‘Safe Urban Spaces’ Project – which consists of physical interventions in low income environments. In Rio de Janeiro – a large city in Brazil – this methodology has been used in30 poor areas named ‘slums’ during the preparations for the Pan-American Games (2007), the object of this work. Keywords: safe urban spaces; public security; space and criminality.
A Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir e o Solo Criado: uma necessária avaliação das matrizes conceituais
Authors: Rezende Vera F. , Furtado Fernanda , Oliveira Maria Teresa Corrêa de , Jorgensen Junior Pedro 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo contempla uma avaliação sobre as matrizes conceituais que orientaram a construção da noção da Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir, instrumento definido no Estatuto da Cidade para integrar a política urbana municipal das cidades brasileiras. Este trabalho propõe uma análise do longo caminho percorrido desde os primeiros debates até a edição de sua versão atual no Estatuto da Cidade, entendendo esta avaliação como necessária para uma melhor compreensão das potencialidades da outorga onerosa e das questões que permeiam os atuais debates sobre sua implementação em diferentes municípios. Para tanto, o trabalho realiza uma sistematização do extenso material bibliográfico que aborda o instrumento, assim como das questões pertinentes ao Solo Criado, conceito que lhe dá origem, percorrendo as décadas de 1970, 1980 e 1990. Palavras-chave: Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir; Solo Criado; Estatuto da Cidade; direito de construir; instrumentos de política urbana. Abstract: This paper analyzes the conceptual framework underlying the “Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir”, a legal instrument defined in the City Statute as part of urban policy in Brazilian municipalities. We focus on the evolution of this powerful and complex instrument from the early stages of its debate until its current version in the City Statute, emphasizing the importance of such analysis to the understanding of the procedure’s potential and to the controversy on its implementation across different municipalities. With this intent, this paper investigates the literature on the procedure, as well as on a related concept, the “Solo Criado”, from the seventies until the nineties. Keywords: Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir; Solo Criado; City Statute; building rights; urban policy instruments.
Pedestrian Crossings Detection by using Driving Assistance Systems
Authors: Al Smadi Takialddin 
Published: January 2017

This paper mainly studies Driving Assistance Systems and Detection Pedestrian Crossings of traffic and control, many years around the world and company studies have been conducted on intelligent transport systems (ITS). Intelligent vehicle, (IV) the system is part of a system which is designed to assist drivers in the perception of any dangerous situations before, to avoid accidents after sensing and understanding the environment around it. Methodology: we made an analysis of the peculiarities of the task of surveillance for pedestrian crossings and presented a detection system which these features into account. The system consists of a detector based on histograms of oriented gradients, and activity detector. The proposed Results tested detection precision and performance of the proposed system. The motion of the work is to combine the proposed system and the tracker. The results show that an adequate application of the quality and performance of the developed algorithm of detection of objects of interest in the work.
Right atrium and superior vena cava pressure measurements in a novel animal model to study one and a half ventricle repair as compared to Fontan type procedure
Authors: Bhattarai Anil , Dedja Arben , Vida Vladimiro L. , Cavallin Francesco , Padalino Massimo A. , Thiene Gaetano , Stellin Giovanni 
Published: January 2017

Background & Objectives: To evaluate the advantages of the one and a half ventricle repair on maintaining a low pressure in the inferior vena cava district. Also evaluate the competition of flows at the superior vena cava – right pulmonary artery anastomosis site, in order to understand the hemodynamic interaction of a pulsatile flow in combination to a laminar one. Materials & Methods: Adult rabbits (n=30) in terminal anaesthesia with a follow up of 8 h were used, randomly distributed in three experimental groups: Group 1: animals with an anastomosis between superior vena cava and right pulmonary artery, as a model of one and one half ventricle repair; Group 2: animals with the cavopulmonary anastomosis followed by clamping of the right pulmonary artery proximal to the anastomosis; and Group 3: sham animals. Pressures of superior vena cava and pulmonary arteries were afterwards measured, in a resting condition as well as after induced pharmacological stress test.Results: In Group 1, superior vena cava pressure was significantly higher, while venous pressure in the inferior vena cava – right atrium district was constant or lower in comparison with the other groups. After stress test, the pressure in the superior vena cava and the heart rate both increased further, but the right ventricular, right atrial and pulmonary artery pressures remained similar to the values in a resting condition. This proved that the inferior vena cava return was well-preserved, and no venous hypertension was present in the inferior vena cava district even after stress test (good exercise tolerance).Conclusion: One and one half ventricle repair can be considered a good surgical strategy for maintaining a low pressure in the inferior vena cava district with potential for right ventricle growth, restoring the more physiological circulation in borderline or failing right ventricle conditions. The experiment presented a positive finding in favour of one and one half ventricle repair, as compared to Fontan type procedure.
The utility of 3D printing for surgical planning and patient-specific implant design for complex spinal pathologies: case report
Authors: Mobbs Ralph J. , Coughlan Marc , Thompson Robert , Sutterlin Chester E. , Phan Kevin 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE
There has been a recent renewed interest in the use and potential applications of 3D printing in the assistance of surgical planning and the development of personalized prostheses. There have been few reports on the use of 3D printing for implants designed to be used in complex spinal surgery.

METHODS
The authors report 2 cases in which 3D printing was used for surgical planning as a preoperative mold, and for a custom-designed titanium prosthesis: one patient with a C-1/C-2 chordoma who underwent tumor resection and vertebral reconstruction, and another patient with a custom-designed titanium anterior fusion cage for an unusual congenital spinal deformity.

RESULTS
In both presented cases, the custom-designed and custom-built implants were easily slotted into position, which facilitated the surgery and shortened the procedure time, avoiding further complex reconstruction such as harvesting rib or fibular grafts and fashioning these grafts intraoperatively to fit the defect. Radiological follow-up for both cases demonstrated successful fusion at 9 and 12 months, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
These cases demonstrate the feasibility of the use of 3D modeling and printing to develop personalized prostheses and can ease the difficulty of complex spinal surgery. Possible future directions of research include the combination of 3D-printed implants and biologics, as well as the development of bioceramic composites and custom implants for load-bearing purposes.
O vi Emission from the Supernovae-regulated Interstellar Medium: Simulation versus Observation
Authors: Li (李邈) Miao , Bryan Greg L. , Ostriker Jeremiah P. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The O vi
λλ1032, 1038 Å doublet emission traces collisionally ionized gas with

K, where the cooling curve peaks for metal-enriched plasma. This warm-hot phase is usually not well-resolved in numerical simulations of the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM), but can be responsible for a significant fraction of the emitted energy. Comparing simulated O vi emission to observations is therefore a valuable test of whether simulations predict reasonable cooling rates from this phase. We calculate O vi
λ1032 Å emission, assuming collisional ionization equilibrium, for our small-box simulations of the stratified ISM regulated by supernovae. We find that the agreement is very good for our solar neighborhood model, both in terms of emission flux and mean O vi density seen in absorption. We explore runs with higher surface densities and find that, in our simulations, the O vi emission from the disk scales roughly linearly with the star formation rate. Observations of O vi emission are rare for external galaxies, but our results do not show obvious inconsistency with the existing data. Assuming the solar metallicity, O vi emission from the galaxy disk in our simulations accounts for roughly 0.5% of supernovae heating.
Grand-design Spiral Arms in a Young Forming Circumstellar Disk
Authors: Tomida Kengo , Machida Masahiro N. , Hosokawa Takashi , Sakurai Yuya , Lin Chia Hui 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We study formation and long-term evolution of a circumstellar disk in a collapsing molecular cloud core using a resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulation. While the formed circumstellar disk is initially small, it grows as accretion continues, and its radius becomes as large as 200 au toward the end of the Class-I phase. A pair of grand-design spiral arms form due to gravitational instability in the disk, and they transfer angular momentum in the highly resistive disk. Although the spiral arms disappear in a few rotations as expected in a classical theory, new spiral arms form recurrently as the disk, soon becoming unstable again by gas accretion. Such recurrent spiral arms persist throughout the Class-0 and I phases. We then perform synthetic observations and compare our model with a recent high-resolution observation of a young stellar object Elias 2–27, whose circumstellar disk has grand-design spiral arms. We find good agreement between our theoretical model and the observation. Our model suggests that the grand-design spiral arms around Elias 2–27 are consistent with material arms formed by gravitational instability. If such spiral arms commonly exist in young circumstellar disks, it implies that young circumstellar disks are considerably massive and gravitational instability is the key process of angular momentum transport.