bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytically active tissue transglutaminase colocalises with Aβ pathology in Alzheimer’s disease mouse models
Authors: Wilhelmus Micha M. M. , de Jager Mieke , Smit August B. , van der Loo Rolinka J. , Drukarch Benjamin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein deposition in the brain. Posttranslational modifications in Aβ play an important role in Aβ deposition. Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is an enzyme involved in posttranslational cross-linking of proteins. tTG levels and activity are increased in AD brains and tTG is associated with Aβ deposits and lesion-associated astrocytes in AD cases. Furthermore, Aβ is a substrate of tTG-catalysed cross-linking. To study the role of tTG in Aβ pathology, we compared tTG distribution and activity in both the APPSWE/PS1ΔE9 and APP23 mice models with human AD. Using immunohistochemistry, we found association of both tTG and in situ active tTG with Aβ plaques and vascular Aβ, in early and late stages of Aβ deposition. In addition, tTG staining colocalised with Aβ-associated reactive astrocytes. Thus, alike human AD cases, tTG was associated with Aβ depositions in these AD models. Although, distribution pattern and spatial overlay of both tTG and its activity with Aβ pathology was substantially different from human AD cases, our findings provide evidence for an early role of tTG in Aβ pathology. Yet, species differences should be taken into account when using these models to study the role of tTG in Aβ pathology.
Combined defects in oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid β-oxidation in mitochondrial disease
Authors: Nsiah-Sefaa Abena , McKenzie Matthew 
Published: February 2016

Mitochondria provide the main source of energy to eukaryotic cells, oxidizing fats and sugars to generate ATP. Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are two metabolic pathways which are central to this process. Defects in these pathways can result in diseases of the brain, skeletal muscle, heart and liver, affecting approximately 1 in 5000 live births. There are no effective therapies for these disorders, with quality of life severely reduced for most patients. The pathology underlying many aspects of these diseases is not well understood; for example, it is not clear why some patients with primary FAO deficiencies exhibit secondary OXPHOS defects. However, recent findings suggest that physical interactions exist between FAO and OXPHOS proteins, and that these interactions are critical for both FAO and OXPHOS function. Here, we review our current understanding of the interactions between FAO and OXPHOS proteins and how defects in these two metabolic pathways contribute to mitochondrial disease pathogenesis.
Latrunculin B modulates electrophysiological characteristics and arrhythmogenesis in pulmonary vein cardiomyocytes
Authors: Lu Yen-Yu , Lin Yung-Kuo , Wen Zhi-Hong , Chen Yao-Chang , Chen Shih-Ann , Chen Yi-Jen 
Published: February 2016

AF (atrial fibrillation) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, and the PVs (pulmonary veins) play a critical role in triggering AF. Stretch causes structural remodelling, including cytoskeleton rearrangement, which may play a role in the genesis of AF. Lat-B (latrunculin B), an inhibitor of actin polymerization, is involved in Ca2+ regulation. However, it is unclear whether Lat-B directly modulates the electrophysiological characteristics and Ca2+ homoeostasis of the PVs. Conventional microelectrodes, whole-cell patch-clamp, and the fluo-3 fluorimetric ratio technique were used to record ionic currents and intracellular Ca2+ within isolated rabbit PV preparations, or within isolated single PV cardiomyocytes, before and after administration of Lat-B (100 nM). Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts were exposed to acute and continuous atrial stretch, and we studied PV electrical activity. Lat-B (100 nM) decreased the spontaneous electrical activity by 16±4% in PV preparations. Lat-B (100 nM) decreased the late Na+ current, L-type Ca2+ current, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger current, and stretch-activated BKCa current, but did not affect the Na+ current in PV cardiomyocytes. Lat-B reduced the transient outward K+ current and ultra-rapid delayed rectifier K+ current, but increased the delayed rectifier K+ current in isolated PV cardiomyocytes. In addition, Lat-B (100 nM) decreased intracellular Ca2+ transient and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content in PV cardiomyocytes. Moreover, Lat-B attenuated stretch-induced increased spontaneous electrical activity and trigger activity. The effects of Lat-B on the PV spontaneous electrical activity were attenuated in the presence of Y-27632 [10 μM, a ROCK (Rho-associated kinase) inhibitor] and cytochalasin D (10 μM, an actin polymerization inhibitor). In conclusion, Lat-B regulates PV electrophysiological characteristics and attenuates stretch-induced arrhythmogenesis.
Le rôle de l’implicite dans la langue et le discours
Authors: Lederer Marianne 
Published: February 2016

In this presentation, I shall try and explain why translating texts or speeches (henceforth ‘discourse’) is not dealing only with the explicit part of language and discourse but must also take into consideration what is left unsaid. The synecdochic nature of language has been noted by linguists; the synecdochic nature of discourse, which has been much less studied, will be shown.
Since languages are not isomorphic, translation is deeply affected by this synecdochic phenomenon: the first thing to note is that the phenomenon upsets the general view that language systems, as such or in discourse, are the object of translation ; the second is that in order to convey into another language the whole of the explicit/implicit combination of an utterance, a different combination is to be used that is relevant to the target language and natural as a way of expression.
Sur la diversité des définitions de « discours traductologique(s) »
Authors: Kóbor Márta 
Published: February 2016

Although most of French-speaking scholars agree to use the term ‘traductologie’ to designate the study of translation, we can observe a great diversity not only among conceptions of the scope of translation studies, but also among the definitions of the term itself. Some scholars use it as a label for their own approach, whereas others use it in a more general, and generous, sense.
In some linguistic and cultural environments, like in English-speaking countries, names and definitions of translation studies present a more complicated picture. Subjective factors such as personal interests and linguistic preferences also seem to have an impact on the diversity of definitions. In order to demonstrate the resulting variability and the importance of cultural and subjective factors, our paper focuses on the definitions of a dozen of authors from French- and English-speaking countries and also from Hungary.
Euronews in Translation
Authors: Valdeón Roberto A. 
Published: February 2016

Dans un monde dominé par l’économie du marché, les actualités sont un produit (Allan 2004 & 2006) et les audiences accèdent immédiatement aux actualités partout dans le monde. La CCN et BBCWorld ont joué un rôle clé dans le domaine de l’information, souvent dans une optique anglophone.
Afin de contrebalancer cette prédominance des médias anglophones, un conglomérat européen a mis en place Euronews en 1993. Notre étude s’intéresse au au site internet Euronews qui diffuse les nouvelles en huit langues et analyse l’élaboration d’une perspective européenne en s’appuyant sur le concept des narratifs (Baker 2006, Somers 1992 et 1997, Somers & Gibson 1994), et en particulier sur le concept des « narratifs publics ». Notre étude a recours à la progression thème-rhème (Gerzymisch-Arbogast, Kunold & Rothfuß-Bastian 2006) et au modèle de Kress & Leewen (1999) pour l’analyse du texte visuel et porte sur quatre-vingt cinq dépêches diffusées dans six des huit langues d’Euronews.
Globalization and Boundaries in Translators’ and Interpreters’ Professional Organizations
Authors: Calderón Graciela 
Published: February 2016

Les organisations professionnelles de traducteurs et d'interprètes ont pour vocation de répresenter les intérêts de leurs membres. En termes généraux, le champ d'action de ces organismes varie selon qu'ils peuvent délivrer des licences professionnelles ou non. Dans le cas de celles qui en délivrent, il y a des differences entre celles qui fonctionnent dans un régime juridique de droit civil et celles que fonctionnent dans un milieu de « common law ». Au cours des derniéres années, les changements dÛs à l'apparition de nouveaux outils électroniques et de nouvelles pratiques commerciales ont eu un impact sur le travail des traducteurs et - dans une moindre mesure- sur celui des interprètes. Un nouveau profil professionel est apparu et son effet sur les organisations professionnelles n'a pas encore été pleinement évalué.
Le nouvel environment créé par les changements technologiques supprime les frontières géographiques traditionelles. Cependant les organisations professionnelles, en particulier celles qui délivrent des licenses, s'inscrivent dans un archétype d'État-Nation. Cet article vise à souligner le rôle de l'ethnicité et des migrations internationales dans les organisations professionelles. Pour ce faire, on comparera le nombre de traducteurs Chinois au Canada et dans trois pays d'Amérique Latine et on dégagera les conclusions à partir des données obtenues.
Revising the Target Text Independently of the Source Text
Authors: Kim Ryonhee 
Published: February 2016

La traduction suppose deux langues (source et cible) et cultures (source et cible) distinctes. A ce titre, il apparaît difficile voire même impossible pour le texte cible de se libérer d’une certaine forme d’interférence de la part de texte source. Toutefois, l’existence d’erreurs ou d’interférences provenant de ST peut très probablement avoir pour résultat une texte cible inacceptable ou non recommandable qui, alternativement, ne peut fonctionner correctement pour les lecteurs cibles dans une situation précise. Par conséquent, lors de l’étape de révision du texte cible, il pourrait s’avérer nécessaire d’examiner le texte cible sans se référer au texte source et de corriger les erreurs identifiées. Cette étude adopte une approche « indépendante du texte source / orientée vers le texte cible », et examine, au moment de la révision, les différents moyens d’améliorer le texte cible indépendamment du texte source.
Cette approche offre la possibilité au traducteur de réviser un texte cible à partir de la situation cible proche et, de manière idéale, d’éliminer ou tout du moins, espérons-le, de minimiser l’influence négative du texte source. Il a été démontré par exemple que le traducteur peut obtenir un rendu plus naturel en supprimant le jargon de traduction, plus compréhensible ou lisible en ajoutant, réduisant, supprimant ou substituant une information, et un texte source fonctionnellement plus efficace en faisant les ajustements nécessaires en conformité avec les normes et conventions relatives à chaque spécificité culturelle et type de texte. Ceci exemplifie la cible linguistique appropriée, le lectorat visé, et les approches sur les types appropriés de texte, respectivement, tous dans une plus large approche linguistique fonctionnelle.
Trajectory of Vladimir Nabokov’s Literary Translation Practices
Authors: Yablokova Zhanna 
Published: February 2016

Vladimir Nabokov a débuté sa carrière de traducteur en rendant des textes accessibles à ses lecteurs, modifiant, par exemple, le cadre et les noms des personnages. Plus tard, il exigea de sa part et d’autres traducteurs des traductions « fidèles » et littérales. Ensuite, Nabokov dispensa de cette exigence les auteurs, lui-même inclus, qui traduisent leurs propres oeuvres. En tant qu’auteur deLolitaen anglais et comme traducteur de ce roman en russe, Nabokov, d’une part, accomplit une traduction « fidèle » du roman, tandis que, d’autre part, il apportait des modifications d’auteur qu’il estimait nécessaires.Cet essai démontre que la théorie et la pratique de la traduction chez Nabokov ont évolué au cours de trois phases distinctes mais qui finalement se recoupent. Certains critiques ont appelé la troisième et dernière phase « contradictoire ». Cependant, en considérant les trois phases comme trois étapes différentes du développement de Nabokov traducteur, l’auteur de cet essai propose que, au lieu d’être « contradictoire » ou antithétique, cette phase peut être perçue comme évolutive, correspondant ainsi au développement de Nabokov traducteur et écrivain.
Regulation and Function of miR‐214 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Stevens Hannah C. , Deng Lin , Grant Jennifer S. , Pinel Karine , Thomas Matthew , Morrell Nicholas W. , MacLean Margaret R. , Baker Andrew H. , Denby Laura 
Published: February 2016

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) can contribute to the etiology of diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here we investigated a potential role for the miR‐214 stem loop miRNA and the closely linked miR‐199a miRNAs in PAH. All 4 miRNAs were upregulated in the lung and right ventricle (RV) in mice and rats exposed to the Sugen (SU) 5416 hypoxia model of PAH. Further, expression of the miRNAs was increased in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells exposed to transforming growth factor β1 but not BMP4. We then examined miR‐214−/−mice exposed to the SU 5416 hypoxia model of PAH or normoxic conditions and littermate controls. There were no changes in RV systolic pressure or remodeling observed between the miR‐214−/−and wild‐type hypoxic groups. However, we observed a significant increase in RV hypertrophy (RVH) in hypoxic miR‐214−/−male mice compared with controls. Further, we identified that the validated miR‐214 target phosphatase and tensin homolog was upregulated in miR‐214−/−mice. Thus, miR‐214 stem loop loss leads to elevated RVH and may contribute to the heart failure associated with PAH.
Fishing gear transitions: lessons from the Dutch flatfish pulse trawl
Authors: Haasnoot Tim , Kraan Marloes , Bush Simon R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper focuses on the transition in the Dutch cutter fleet-targeting flatfish, from the conventional beam trawl to the pulse trawl fishing gear. In doing so, we explore the process of gear transition, presenting the challenges that fishers and policy-makers face. The pulse trawl technique represents a particularly controversial gear transition as it makes use of electricity, which has been banned by the European Union since 1988. However, it is seen by those developing it in the Netherlands as an important alternative fishing gear to the conventional beam trawl technique, which is becoming increasingly inefficient with rising fuel prices and well-documented impact on benthic habitats. By using a multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions as the analytical framework, we explore the development of the pulse trawl and the interaction between different levels. We also discuss the influence of technology-push on its transition into practice and regulation. This paper demonstrates the importance of social dimensions in the adoption of new fishing gears and in doing so contributes to our knowledge on how technological transitions in fisheries can be managed.
A comparison of the dose from natural radionuclides and artificial radionuclides after the Fukushima nuclear accident
Authors: Hosoda Masahiro , Tokonami Shinji , Omori Yasutaka , Ishikawa Tetsuo , Iwaoka Kazuki 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, the evacuees from Namie Town still cannot reside in the town, and some continue to live in temporary housing units. In this study, the radon activity concentrations were measured at temporary housing facilities, apartments and detached houses in Fukushima Prefecture in order to estimate the annual internal exposure dose of residents. A passive radon–thoron monitor (using a CR-39) and a pulse-type ionization chamber were used to evaluate the radon activity concentration. The average radon activity concentrations at temporary housing units, including a medical clinic, apartments and detached houses, were 5, 7 and 9 Bq m −3 , respectively. Assuming the residents lived in these facilities for one year, the average annual effective doses due to indoor radon in each housing type were evaluated as 0.18, 0.22 and 0.29 mSv, respectively. The average effective doses to all residents in Fukushima Prefecture due to natural and artificial sources were estimated using the results of the indoor radon measurements and published data. The average effective dose due to natural sources for the evacuees from Namie Town was estimated to be 1.9 mSv. In comparison, for the first year after the FDNPP accident, the average effective dose for the evacuees due to artificial sources from the accident was 5.0 mSv. Although residents' internal and external exposures due to natural radionuclides cannot be avoided, it might be possible to lower external exposure due to the artificial radionuclides by changing some behaviors of residents.
John Cassavetes
Authors: O'Brien James 
Published: February 2016

John Cassavetes (b. 1929–d. 1989) was an American actor and filmmaker who wrote, directed, and acted in a catalogue of independent films he made over a forty-year career. Cassavetes directed twelve films—thirteen if one considers Shadows (1958) and Shadows (1959) as distinct works. With a close group of actors and crew, his works often featured Gena Rowlands (b. 1930), Seymour Cassel (b. 1935), Peter Falk (b. 1927–d. 2011), and Ben Gazzara (b. 1930–d. 2012). Despite early praise of Shadows (1958) by writers such as Jonas Mekas, reviewers were often unfavorable, uninterested, and/or unkind to the majority of Cassavetes’s films. Cassavetes won no major awards in the United States, though Rowlands, his chief collaborator and his wife, was nominated for an Academy Award twice, for her performances in his films A Woman Under the Influence (1974) and Gloria (1980). Cassavetes did receive a steady run of accolades near the end of his life. At that point, scholars and critics began to consider his works more expansively in terms of their aesthetics—including oft-cited characteristics of a certain brand of realism, naturalism, and echoes of cinéma vérité. The last three films of his career included two made within the studio system—Gloria (1980) and Big Trouble (1986). Released between these, Love Streams (1984), Cassavetes’s last independent film, was also well received in the United States, and it won first place in the Berlin Film Festival. He died in 1989 of cirrhosis of the liver. For the most part, scholarly writings about the films of John Cassavetes did not appear until the 1980s and 1990s. They have been in large part spearheaded and expanded upon by a small number of authors. Prominent among those writers is Ray Carney. This article began under Carney’s advisorship, and his early input (2011–2012) helped shape its scale and scope. It is not a comprehensive listing and annotation of the writings, but it represents a selection highlighting major trends and directions of response and examination.
On the brightness of surviving companions in type Ia supernova remnants
Authors: Noda Kazuhiro , Suda Takuma , Shigeyama Toshikazu 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The progenitor systems for type Ia supernovae are still controversial. One of the methods used to test the proposed scenario for the progenitor systems is to identify companions that are supposed to survive according to the so-called single degenerate scenario. These companions might be affected by supernova ejecta. We present several numerical simulations of surviving red giant companions whose envelopes were stripped and heated. We find that red giants with less-massive helium cores (≲0.30 M⊙) can be so faint after the supernovae that we cannot detect them. In addition, we apply the results to the case of SNR 0509−67.5, and put constraints on the helium core mass, envelope stripping, and energy injection under the single degenerate scenario for type Ia supernovae.
High-precision analyses of Lyα damping wing of gamma-ray bursts in the reionization era: On the controversial results from GRB 130606A at z = 5.91
Authors: Totani Tomonori , Aoki Kentaro , Hattori Takashi , Kawai Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The unprecedentedly bright afterglow of Swift GRB 130606A at z = 5.91 gave us a unique opportunity to probe the reionization era through high-precision analyses of the redward damping wing of Lyα absorption, but the reported constraints on the neutral hydrogen fraction $(\!f_{\rm H\,{\small I}})$ in intergalactic medium (IGM) derived from spectra taken by different telescopes are in contradiction to each other. Here we examine the origin of this discrepancy by analyzing the spectrum taken by the Very Large Telescope (VLT) with our own analysis code previously used to fit the Subaru spectrum. Though the VLT team reported no evidence for IGM H i using the VLT spectrum, we confirm our previous result of preferring non-zero IGM H i (the best fit $f_{\rm H\,{\small I}} \sim 0.06$, when IGM H i extends to the GRB redshift). The fit residuals of the VLT spectrum using the model without IGM H i show the same systematic trend as the Subaru spectrum. We consider that the likely origin of the discrepancy between the two teams is the difference of the wavelength ranges adopted in the fittings; our wavelength range is wider than that of the VLT team, and also we avoided the shortest wavelength range of deep Lyα absorption (λobs &lt; 8426 Å), because this region is dominated by H i in the host galaxy and the systematic uncertainty about host H i velocity distribution is large. We also study the sensitivity of these results to the adopted Lyα cross-section formulae, ranging from the classical Lorentzian function to the most recent one taking into account fully quantum mechanical scattering. It is found that the preference for non-zero IGM H i is robust against the choice of the cross-section formulae, but it is quantitatively not negligible and hence one should be careful in future analyses.
Conservative Management of Minimally Displaced (≤2 mm) Fractures of the Lateral Humeral Condyle in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Knapik Derrick M. , Gilmore Allison , Liu Raymond W. 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Fractures to the lateral humeral condyle are common in the pediatric population and can lead to complications related to displacement of the fracture fragment. The ideal treatment for minimally displaced fractures (measuring ≤2 mm) is controversial.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed identifying and evaluating studies related to displacement of lateral humeral condyle fractures in pediatric patients. Databases included in this review were PubMed, Biosis Preview, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and EMBASE. We investigated the rate of subsequent displacement for minimally displaced fractures following immobilization, the time span in which fracture displacement occurs, and the complications related to displacement despite immobilization.

Results:
Our review of the literature found 6 studies that matched the search criteria. The risk of subsequent displacement in minimally displaced fractures initially treated with immobilization was 14.9% with fracture displacement typically occurring within the first week following injury. Malunion, nonunion, and loss of motion were the most commonly identified complications following subsequent displacement.

Conclusions:
For minimally displaced fractures of the lateral humeral condyle, appropriate diagnosis of fracture stability and fracture displacement with close radiographic follow-up 1 week following injury dictate the success of conservative management.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—systematic review of level-II or level-I studies with inconsistent results.