bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repercussions of maltreatment among alcohol users women / Repercusiones de los malos tratos en usuarias de alcohol
Authors: García Más Mary-Pepa 
Published: November 2017

Se abordan las repercusiones de los malos tratos en las personas afectadas, asociadas a la aparición de cuadros clínicos de carácter psicopatológico como la depresión y otras alteraciones de ansiedad, unido al inicio del abuso de alcohol y fármacos de manera temporal o permanente, como medio para muchas víctimas de hacer frente a las reiteradas conductas violentas de sus parejas en el ámbito privado del hogar. Se evalúa el nivel de dependencia etílica del sector femenino a partir de la comparación entre los resultados obtenidos de la encuesta denominada "Evaluación e intervención en violencia familiar y alcoholismo" y otras investigaciones. Este análisis facilitará un mayor conocimiento sobre las ambivalencias observadas en función de los factores estructurales y socioculturalesque presentan las mujeres en el ciclo de abuso de alcohol y violencia, sacando a la luz las diferencias por género en los juicios de valor como consumidores de alcohol y, en consecuencia, en la imagen marginal sociofamiliar de la mujer adicta. También se aprecia, a través de los datos obtenidos, que entre los motivos de inicio de las conductas violentas de sus parejas, en algunos casos, se encuentra el alcoholismo femenino conviviendo con varones abstemios. En otros casos, presentan una incidencia similar de consumo ambos cónyuges en un mismo hogar. Los hábitos y patrones de consumo de las entrevistadas, demuestran la mayor juventud de las mujeres víctimas de malos tratos consumidoras habituales de alcohol, aunque siempre, con un consumo inferior al de sus parejas. Abstract This article raise the consequences that ill treatment can have to the victims related to the apparition of depression and anxiety diseases, and also like starter of alcohol abuse and drugs, temporally or permanently like a form to face up to the continuous violent behaviours of his partners at household. The level of alcohol dependency in women is evaluated by the comparison of the results provided by the study "Evaluation and intervention policies in domestic violence and alcoholism" with others investigations. This analysis will be able the knowledge to the specific functions of structural and cultural factors at the spiral of the female abuse of alcohol and violence. And it will highlight the distinction between genders at value judgements and, by consequence, at the marginal familiar figure of the addicted women. Also we can know through the data obtained that one of the reasons of the beginning of violence is the difficult living together of the teetotal men with the alcoholic women. In many cases, there are a similar consumption of both spouses at the same household. The habits and consumption patterns of women interviewed verify that, women victims of ill treatment and habitual drinkers, are younger that them and her consumption is always minor than the abuse of his partners.
Disadvantageous decision-making profiles in substance dependents / Patrón de toma de decisiones. Desventajosas en pacientes drogodependientes
Authors: Dante Gómez Carlos 
Published: November 2017

En este trabajo se exponen los resultados de una investigación cuyos objetivos consistieron en: determinar el patrón de Toma de Decisiones de pacientes drogodependientes, correlacionar los perfi les correspondientes a pacientes que se encuentran transitando la Fase de Admisión y los que se hallan en la Fase de Reinserción social de un Tratamiento de Rehabilitación, y obtener el índice de efi cacia del Programa Terapéutico al cual asisten ambos grupos. Se trata de un estudio de corte transversal en donde 20 sujetos conformaron la muestra. Se describe la Hipótesis del Marcador Somático, que es el marco teórico que fundamenta la pertinencia del instrumento de medición del proceso de toma de Decisiones utilizado en este estudio. Los resultados indican la presencia de un patrón de elecciones: desventajosas en los pacientes de la fase de admisión y ventajosas en pacientes de la fase de reinserción social, señalando un elevado índice de efi cacia del tratamiento de asistencia multimodal. AbstractIn this article the results of an investigation in which the objectives consisted of: determining the decision-making profi les of substance dependents, correlating the profi les corresponding to patients who are going through the Phase of Admission and of those that are in the Phase of social Reintegration of a Treatment of Rehabilitation, and obtaining the index of effectiveness of the Therapeutic Program which both groups attended are shown. This is a cross section study in which 20 subjects conformed the sample. The Somatic Marker Hypothesis is described, in that it is the theoretical frame that bases the validity of the measuring instrument of the decision making process used in this study. The results indicate the presence of a pattern of elections: disadvantageous to patients of the admission phase and advantageous to patients of the social reintegration phase, indicating a high index of effectiveness of the treatment of multimode attendance.
Nets of support for social integration: the family / Redes de apoyo para la integración social: la familia
Authors: Calvo Botella Helena 
Published: November 2017

Es un hecho ampliamente aceptado el hecho de que el abuso de drogas y las conductas adictivas tienen consecuencias negativas en diferentes áreas de la vida familiar. Muchos miembros de la familia pueden mostrar perturbaciones psicológicas, psicosomáticas, afectivas, económicas,… pero paralelamente, es igualmente cierto que las dinámicas familiares pueden infl uir sobre las conductas adictivas y su tratamiento. En este artículo se comentan dicha infl uencia recíproca y el papel de la familia en la integración social del paciente adicto. AbstractIt is widely accepted that drug misuse and addictive behaviours havenegative consequences in different areas of family life. Many family members can show psychological, psychosomatic, affective, economic disturbances…, but it is true as well that family dynamics can infl uence addictive behaviours and their treatment. In this paper this reciprocal infl uence and the role of family in social integration of addicted patients are discussed.
New approaches. The experience in the district of La Mina / Nuevos enfoques de inserción laboral. La experiencia en el barrio de la mina
Authors: Vega Peña Fernando 
Published: November 2017

La desigualdad de oportunidades laborales en personas con grave situación de exclusión social como son los drogodependientes, la estigmatización del barrio de la Mina (Barcelona) o la mejora de su estatus ocupacional y laboral como parte de su propio proceso terapéutico justifican cualquier intervención que mejore su empleabilidad. La metodología de trabajo que exponemos parte de enfoques multidimensionales y multisítemicos que se materializan en una red de entidades y recursos del barrio que actúan a diferentes niveles, siendo la inserción laboral una actuación clave. Cuantifi car con números el índice de inserción laboral es un tanto perverso ya que se deben tener en cuenta 2 factores: los personales, como el deterioro físico, características personales, implicación del drogodependiente o formación; y los factores más objetivos del mercado laboral (tipos de contrato, duración…). Para mejorar la empleabilidad se deben fortalecer algunas competencias básicas de trabajo (tolerancia a la frustración, trabajo en equipo, responsabilidad, etc.). AbstractThe inequality of labour opportunities with excluded people likedrug addicted, the stigmatization of the Mina area or the better status acquired as a part of the therapeutic process justify any intervention to increase their employability. The methodology used is based in a multidimensional and multisystemical approach that means a network developed by all the area resources, and including sociolabour inclusion as a key intervention during the drug addicted collective treatment. We have to consider two levels for the sociolabour inclusion of these collectives: personal (educational level) and external factors (employment politics). In order to improve the employability we have to work with basic competences for the market place (team work, responsibility, frustration tolerance).
Positions of people who use drugs: reflexions for a social health intervention / La posición de las personas que usan drogas: elementos de reflexión para una intervención sociosanitaria
Authors: Albertín Pilar , Cubells Jenny , Íñiguez-Rueda Lupicinio 
Published: November 2017

El estudio pretende analizar la construcción del sujeto que usa drogas (especialmente heroína) con el objeto de ofrecer propuestas de carácter psicosocial para la intervención sociosanitaria en este colectivo. El método utilizado ha sido la etnografía, y el tipo de análisis es el análisis del discurso. Los resultados indican que la identidad de los/as usuarios/as de heroína está conectada a las posiciones que se activan en las interacciones y relaciones usuarios-profesionales en diferentes contextos cotidianos de atención y tratamiento sanitario. Estas posiciones activadas las hemosdenominado: terapéutica, farmaco-sensorial, consumista, legal-represiva y grupal-comunitaria.A partir de la comprensión de estas posiciones se obtienen claves para la intervención en los contextos penitenciarios como la pertinencia de comprender las tensiones que se establecen entre sujeto y sustancia, de considerar la imagen estigmatizada del usuario de drogas y la de favorecer la existencia de dilemas en los usuarios y profesionales. Abstract The study claims to analyze the construction of the subject who usedrugs (specially heroin) with the aim of providing psychosocial proposals for social health intervention. The used method is ethnography. The type of analysis is “Discourse Analysis”. The results indicate that the identity of heroin’s users is connected with positions activated during the interactions users-professionals in different ordinary contexts. The positions are: therapeutic, drug-sensory, consumerist, legal-repressive and group-community. From the understanding of these positions, it is possible to obtain keys for intervene in the prison’s contexts for instance, the interest of understanding of tensions between users and substance, the interest of considering the stigmatised image of drug’s users, and thepotential of promoting dilemmas in users and professionals.
Characteristics of effective programs for school-based prevention of drug use / Características de los programas eficaces para la prevención escolar del consumo de drogas
Authors: Gázquez Pertusa Mónica , García del Castillo José A. , Espada José P. 
Published: November 2017

En las últimas dos décadas, muchos profesionales han manifestado la necesidad de hacer de la prevención una disciplina científica, en la que se trabaje en base a la evidencia objetiva, sin dejar lugar a prácticas intuitivas y/o basadas simplemente en la buena voluntad. Como resultado, hoy disponemos de una sólida base empírica acerca de las estrategias escolares que obtienen resultados en el consumo y las que no, e incluso las que resultan contrapreventivas. Sin embargo, al revisar las investigaciones desarrolladas en esta área, se constata una amplia variabilidad en los tamaños de los efectos de las intervenciones, lo que nos indica la necesidad de comprobar qué características de los programas preventivos sonlas responsables de esta variabilidad. El objetivo del estudio es describir las características de las intervenciones más efectivas, desarrolladas en el ámbito escolar. Para ello se sintetizan los resultados de cuatro revisiones de revisiones que han compendiado de forma sistematizada la evidencia arrojada por diversos estudios de revisiones y meta-análisis. Absctract In the last two decades, many professionals have manifested the necessity to make of the prevention a scientific discipline, in which one works on the basis of the objective evidence, without leaving place to practical intuitive and/or simply based on the good will. Like result, today we have a solid empirical base about the school strategies that obtain results in the consumption and those that not, and even those that are against preventive. Nevertheless, when reviewing the investigations developed in this area, a wide variability in the sizes of the effects of the interventions is verified, wich indicates the necessity to us to verify what characteristic of the preventive programs are those responsible for this variability. The aim of the study is to describe the associated characteristics of the most effective interventions, developed in the school environment. For it, the results of four revisions of revisions that have summarized in a systematized way the evidence available by diverse studies of revisions and meta-analyses are synthesized it.
Research on the Selection of NCG in Improving SAGD Recovery for Super-Heavy Oil Reservoir with Top-Water
Authors: Gao Yongrong , Guo Erpeng , Zhang Yunjun , Shen Dehuang , Shi Junhui 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The SAGD pilot test in Guantao oil reservoir, Du 84 block Liaohe oil field has achieved good results. But the existence of the top water is harmful to SAGD process. Non-Condensable Gas injection with steam (NCG-SAGD) is a beneficial technique for this kind of reservoir. Gas selection is an important step for NCG-SAGD. Based on the high temperature and high pressure phase-equilibrium experimental devices, the solubility of NCG like CH4, CO2 and N2 in super-heavy oil has been measured. Also the thermal property of heavy oil saturated with these NCG were tested separately. A numerical simulator is used to forecast the performance of different NCG in this reservoir, and optimize the operating parameters to maximize the effect of NCG additive. After series of experiments, the main results are as follows: The solubility of the three kind of gases is increasing along with the reduction of the temperature and the increase of the pressure. With the rise of the temperature and pressure, the viscosity of the crude saturated with the three kind of gases will reduce, and the density of the crude saturated with the three kind of gases will also decrease. The dissolving capacity in the Guantao oil and the viscosity reduction effect for the three kind of gases are listed as follows from high to low: CH4&gt;CO2&gt;N2. Simulation results shows that the production process for N2 is the longest because of its good heat insulation property. N2 is determined as the assistant gas in the SAGD technology according to the demands for top-water reservoir and mechanism of NCG-SAGD technology.
The Effect of Scaling and Root Planning on Salivary TNF-α and IL-1α Concentrations in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Eivazi Masoome , Falahi Negar , Eivazi Nastaran , Eivazi Mohammad Ali , Raygani Asad Vaisi , Rezaei Fatemeh 
Published: November 2017

Objective:Periodontitis is one of the main diseases in the oral cavity that causes tooth loss. The host immune response and inflammatory factors have important role in periodontal tissue. The current study was done with the objective to determine the effect of scaling and root planning on the salivary concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1α).Methods:In this quasi-experimental clinical trial, 29 patients with chronic periodontitis and 29 healthy subjects without periodontitis were studied. Clinical examination findings and salivary TNF-α and IL-1α (using ELISA method) were compared before and after scaling, root planning.Results:Before starting treatment, salivary TNF-α and IL-1α concentrations were higher in healthy control group than in periodontitis group (P< 0.05). Non-surgical treatment increased the concentration of these two biomarkers in the saliva. However, increase in IL-1α concentration was not statistically significant (P= 0.056). There was a negative relationship between TNF-α and IL-1α levels with pocket depth and attachment loss (P< 0.05).Conclusion:Scaling and root planning improved periodontal disease indices and salivary TNF-α and IL-1α levels.
Intravitreal Anti Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents in The Management of Retinal Diseases: An Audit
Authors: Fiebai Bassey , Odogu Victor 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
The study aimed to describe our initial experience with the use of anti vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs) in the treatment of retinal diseases.

Methods:
The case records of all patients who had received at least 3 doses of intravitreal anti- VEGF injections between January 2012 to December 2016 were reviewed. Information culled from the data was age, sex, indications for treatment, type of injection, presenting visual acuity, post injection visual acuity, systemic and ocular co morbidities. Results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 for Windows statistical software

Results:
A total of 190 injections were given during the study period, to 58 eyes of 50 patients. Twenty-eight females (56.00%) and twenty-two males (44.00%) were seen with a mean age of 59.6± 11.66. Bevacizumab was the most frequently administered anti- VEGF, 142 (74.74%) while only 48(25.26%) injections of Ranibizumab were given. Three eyes had both bevacizumab and ranibizumab (1.58%). Retinal vein occlusion 61(32.11%) was the commonest indication for the injections followed by diabetic macular edema 43(22.63%) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy 42(22.11%). Others were neovascular age related macular degeneration, neovascular glaucoma, vitreous hemorrhage, myopic choroidal neovascularization and cystoid macular edema. There was an association between age and disease, (p = 0.001). There was an improvement in visual acuity after intervention in cases with retinal vein occlusion and diabetic macular edema, and this was statistically significant. Hypertension was the commonest systemic disorder in this series 81(42.36%) and the supero-temporal quadrant 131(68.95%) was the most preferred position to administer the injection. Floaters was the commonest complication seen.

Conclusion:
Anti VEGFs have become an invaluable tool in the management of a number of retinal diseases in our center. However, the cost implications are a hindrance to an increased uptake of this form of treatment. Cheaper alternative preparations should be made available to encourage the uptake. Government in developing countries should be encouraged to bear the health burden of the old aged pensioner (OAP).
In-House Preparation and Standardization of Herbal Face Pack
Authors: Pal Rashmi Saxena , Pal Yogendra , Wal Pranay 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Since the ancient times, there has been awareness among people regarding the use of plants for the essential needs of a healthy and beautiful skin. Cosmetics are the products used to clean, beautify and promote attractive appearance. Cosmetics designed via incorporating natural sources such as herbs have been proven very fulfilling, in coping up with the present needs of different skin types.

Objective:
As due to increased pollution, allergy, microbes etc, human skin has become more sensitive and prone to faster aging. An attempt has been made to synthesize a pack ideal for all skin types. After the synthesis, all the parameters have been calculated in order to meet up the quality standards.

Materials and Methods:
The constituents were extracted from herbal ingredients such as Multani mitti, green tea, saffron, gram flour, turmeric, shwet chandan and milk powder. They were purchased from the local area and were dried separately, grinded, passed through sieve no 40, mixed homogenously and then evaluated for parameters including organoleptic, physicochemical, rheological features, phytochemical, stability, and irritancy examination.

Results:
The dried powders of combined pack showed good flow property which is suitable for a face pack. Organoleptic evaluation showed that the pack is smooth and pleasant smelling powder. Rheological findings justified the flow properties of the pack as it was found to be free flowing and non-sticky in nature. The results proved that the formulation was stable on all aspects. Irritancy test showed the negative. Stability tests performed revealed the inert nature of the pack.

Conclusion:
Thus, in the present work, we formulated a pack, which can be easily made with the easily available ingredients. It showed all the benefits of a face pack and further optimization studies are required on its various parameters to find its useful benefits on the human beings.
An Epistemological View on Risk Exposure Assessment: A Case Study
Authors: Chiffi Daniele , Berchialla Paola , Gregori Dario 
Published: November 2017

Background:Research in Health Risk Assessment is increasingly covering a preeminent role in health care studies. However, risk assessment faces the issue of properly measuring risk exposure.Objective:The aim of the study has been to tackle some methodological issues regarding the risk assessment analysis in the health field, giving more emphasis to a philosophical and epistemological approach in order to show the difficulties in adopting suitable exposure assessment techniques.Method:Here, we present a methodological review and a critical discussion of foreign body injuries articles in child population as a case study. A Medline, Econlite and CIS bibliographic search was conducted considering the term “foreign bodies” only in “children” and “risk”. Only English papers are considered. Further research on CDC, CPSC, DGSANCO databases has been performed. Different approaches in risk assessment are reviewed using four case-study papers with the purpose of pointing out their limitations.Result:Ten papers are retrieved though literature review reporting risk estimate of foreign bodies injuries in children.Conclusion:Considering that different variables affecting the risk of choking injuries, like intrinsic characteristic of a product or the intensity levels at which children are exposed, and then it seems very difficult to correctly evaluate risk of injuries. For this reason, we have argued for an epistemological and holistic approach toward risk assessment.
High Agreement and High Prevalence: The Paradox of Cohen’s Kappa
Authors: Zec Slavica , Soriani Nicola , Comoretto Rosanna , Baldi Ileana 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Cohen's Kappa is the most used agreement statistic in literature. However, under certain conditions, it is affected by a paradox which returns biased estimates of the statistic itself.

Objective:
The aim of the study is to provide sufficient information which allows the reader to make an informed choice of the correct agreement measure, by underlining some optimal properties of Gwet’s AC1 in comparison to Cohen’s Kappa, using a real data example.

Method:
During the process of literature review, we have asked a panel of three evaluators to come up with a judgment on the quality of 57 randomized controlled trials assigning a score to each trial using the Jadad scale. The quality was evaluated according to the following dimensions: adopted design, randomization unit, type of primary endpoint. With respect to each of the above described features, the agreement between the three evaluators has been calculated using Cohen’s Kappa statistic and Gwet’s AC1 statistic and, finally, the values have been compared with the observed agreement.

Results:
The values of the Cohen’s Kappa statistic would lead to believe that the agreement levels for the variables Unit, Design and Primary Endpoints are totally unsatisfactory. The AC1 statistic, on the contrary, shows plausible values which are in line with the respective values of the observed concordance.

Conclusion:
We conclude that it would always be appropriate to adopt the AC1 statistic, thus bypassing any risk of incurring the paradox and drawing wrong conclusions about the results of agreement analysis.