bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of Cavin‐1 Expression via Increasing Caveolin‐1 Degradation Prompts the Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Balloon Injury–Induced Neointimal Hyperplasia
Authors: Zhou Li‐Jun , Chen Xue‐Ying , Liu Shui‐Ping , Zhang Lin‐Lin , Xu Ya‐Nan , Mu Pan‐Wei , Geng Deng‐Feng , Tan Zhi 
Published: July 2017

Background
Percutaneous coronary intervention has been widely used in the treatment of ischemic heart disease, but vascular restenosis is a main limitation of percutaneous coronary intervention. Our previous work reported that caveolin‐1 had a key functional role in intimal hyperplasia, whereas whether Cavin‐1 (another important caveolae‐related protein) was involved is still unknown. Therefore, we will investigate the effect of Cavin‐1 on neointimal formation.

Methods and Results

Balloon injury markedly reduced Cavin‐1 protein and enhanced ubiquitin protein expression accompanied with neointimal hyperplasia in injured carotid arteries, whereas Cavin‐1
mRNA
had no change. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (
VSMC
s), Cavin‐1 was downregulated after inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide, which was distinctly prevented by pretreatment with proteasome inhibitor
MG
132 but not by lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine, suggesting that proteasomal degradation resulted in Cavin‐1 downregulation. Knockdown of Cavin‐1 by local injection of Cavin‐1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into balloon‐injured carotid arteries in vivo promoted neointimal formation. In addition, inhibition or overexpression of Cavin‐1 in cultured
VSMC
s in vitro prompted or suppressed
VSMC
proliferation and migration via increasing or decreasing extracellular signal‐regulated kinase phosphorylation and matrix‐degrading metalloproteinases‐9 activity, respectively. However, under basic conditions, the effect of Cavin‐1 on
VSMC
migration was stronger than on proliferation. Moreover, our results indicated that Cavin‐1 regulated caveolin‐1 expression via lysosomal degradation pathway.

Conclusions

Our study revealed the role and the mechanisms of Cavin‐1 downregulation in neointimal formation by promoting
VSMC
proliferation, migration, and synchronously enhancing caveolin‐1 lysosomal degradation. Cavin‐1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of postinjury vascular remodeling.
What Can South-South Development Cooperation Do for International Peace? Brazil’s Role in Haiti and Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Abdenur Adriana Erthal 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUntil it began waning due to economic crisis and political turmoil on the domestic front, in Brazil’s rapidly expanding South-South development, cooperation often has been promoted by government officials as contributing to stability and prosperity in partner states. It is unclear, however, how this development cooperation intersects with the country’s involvement inunpeace operations. This article examines the role of Brazilian South-South technical cooperation across two contexts. In Haiti, Brazil has led the military component of theminustah, whereas in Guinea-Bissau, it has helped to spearhead peacebuilding efforts by the international community. In both cases, Brazil has tried to substantiate its critique of theun’s securitization by providing technical cooperation across a variety of sectors. The analysis shows that this cooperation is too fragmented, subject to interruptions, and disconnected fromun-led efforts to make a considerable contribution to a sustainable peace. However, better internal coordination and stronger ties touninitiatives could boost the contribution of Brazil’s Brazilian South-South development cooperation to a lasting peace.
Space–Time Scales of Shear in the North Pacific
Authors: Alford Matthew H. , MacKinnon Jennifer A. , Pinkel Robert , Klymak Jody M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe spatial, temporal, and directional characteristics of shear are examined in the upper 1400 m of the North Pacific during late spring with an array of five profiling moorings deployed from 25° to 37°N (1330 km) and simultaneous shipboard transects past them. The array extended from a regime of moderate wind generation at the north to south of the critical latitude 28.8°N, where parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) can transfer energy from semidiurnal tides to near-inertial motions. Analyses are done in an isopycnal-following frame to minimize contamination by Doppler shifting. Approximately 60% of RMS shear at vertical scales >20m (and 80% for vertical scales >80 m) is contained in near-inertial motions. An inertial back-rotation technique is used to index shipboard observations to a common time and to compute integral time scales of the shear layers. Persistence times are O(7) days at most moorings but O(25) days at the critical latitude. Simultaneous shipboard transects show that these shear layers can have lateral scales ≥100 km. Layers tend to slope downward toward the equator north of the critical latitude and are more flat to its south. Phase between shear and strain is used to infer lateral propagation direction. Upgoing waves are everywhere laterally isotropic. Downgoing waves propagate predominantly equatorward north and south of the critical latitude but are isotropic near it. Broadly, results are consistent with wind generation north of the critical latitude and PSI near it—and suggest a more persistent and laterally coherent near-inertial wave field than previously thought.
2017 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support
Authors: Beck Joni , Greenwood Deborah A. , Blanton Lori , Bollinger Sandra T. , Butcher Marcene K. , Condon Jo Ellen , Cypress Marjorie , Faulkner Priscilla , Fischl Amy Hess , Francis Theresa , Kolb Leslie E. , Lavin-Tompkins Jodi M. , MacLeod Janice , Maryniuk Melinda , Mensing Carolé , Orzeck Eric A. , Pope David D. , Pulizzi Jodi L. , Reed Ardis A. , Rhinehart Andrew S. , Siminerio Linda , Wang Jing 
Published: July 2017

Purpose The purpose of this study is to review the literature for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) to ensure the National Standards for DSMES (Standards) align with current evidence-based practices and utilization trends. Methods The 10 Standards were divided among 20 interdisciplinary workgroup members. Members searched the current research for diabetes education and support, behavioral health, clinical, health care environment, technical, reimbursement, and business practice for the strongest evidence that guided the Standards revision. Results Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support facilitates the knowledge, skills, and ability necessary for diabetes self-care as well as activities that assist a person in implementing and sustaining the behaviors needed to manage their condition on an ongoing basis. The evidence indicates that health care providers and people affected by diabetes are embracing technology, and this is having a positive impact of DSMES access, utilization, and outcomes. Conclusion Quality DSMES continues to be a critical element of care for all people with diabetes. The DSMES services must be individualized and guided by the concerns, preferences, and needs of the person affected by diabetes. Even with the abundance of evidence supporting the benefits of DSMES, it continues to be underutilized, but as with other health care services, technology is changing the way DSMES is delivered and utilized with positive outcomes.
Midterm Results of the Salto Talaris Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Stewart Matthew G. , Green Cindy L. , Adams Samuel B. , DeOrio James K. , Easley Mark E. , Nunley James A. 
Published: July 2017

Background: The Salto Talaris total ankle replacement is a modern fixed-bearing implant used to treat symptomatic ankle arthritis with the goals of providing pain relief, restoring mechanical alignment, and allowing motion of the ankle joint. The goal of this study was to report the midterm clinical results of one of the largest cohort of patients in the United States who underwent ankle replacement with this prosthesis. Methods: This is a review of patients with a minimum of 5 years up to 10 years’ follow-up. At the preoperative visit and each annual assessment, patients rated their current level of pain using the visual analog score (VAS) and reported their functional level using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores, the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA), and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health survey. These scores were analyzed to assess differences between their levels preoperatively, 1 year postoperatively, and at their most recent follow-up. Criteria for failure was defined as revision requiring exchange or removal of the metallic components for any reason. We identified 106 patients having a Salto Talaris total ankle replacement. Seventy-two patients (mean age, 61.9 years) met the minimum requirement for follow-up (range 60-115 months, mean 81.1 months). Results: Significant improvements were seen in the VAS, SMFA, AOFAS score, and SF-36 from preoperatively to their final follow-up ( P < .001). Survivorship was 95.8% for those with at least 5-year follow-up, with 2 patients undergoing revision arthroplasty for aseptic loosening and a third patient scheduled for revision for a chronic wound infection. Fourteen patients (19%) required an additional surgery for a total of 17 additional operative procedures on the ipsilateral ankle or hindfoot. Conclusion: Patients undergoing total ankle arthroplasty with the Salto Talaris prosthesis continued to show significant improvements in pain and functional outcomes at midterm follow-up. This prosthesis has shown to be an effective treatment option with durable results. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic, case series.
Smartphone-based tele-electrocardiography support for primary care physicians reduces the pain-to-treatment time in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Chauhan Vivek , Negi Prakash C , Raina Sujeet , Raina Sunil , Bhatnagar Mukul , Guleri Rajesh , Kanwar Vikrant , Pandey Kumar S 
Published: July 2017

Background The Himachal Pradesh state acute coronary syndrome registry recorded a median delay of 13 h between the time of onset of pain to the time of making the diagnosis and giving treatment for acute coronary syndrome. We conducted a pilot study on providing 24-h tele-electrocardiography (Tele-ECG) services in the district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh, with the aim to reduce the time taken for diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Methods The intervention group for the study included eight rural community health centres, each with one to three primary care physicians, who were all unskilled in electrocardiogram interpretation. We provided them with 24-h Tele-ECG support. The primary care physicians used their smartphones to transmit the electrocardiogram image to the command centre, which was then read by the skilled specialist physicians in our medical college hospital and the report sent back within five minutes of having received the electrocardiogram. Antiplatelets were given by the primary care physician to patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome, who was then transported to the medical college hospital. The urban sub-divisional hospitals ( n = 6) formed the control group for the study. These hospitals had five to fifteen unskilled primary care physicians and one to two skilled specialist physicians; no intervention was done in this group. A pilot was run from February 2015–January 2016. Results We received 819 Tele-ECG consultations within the intervention group; 157 cases of acute coronary syndrome were confirmed and transferred to our medical college hospital facility. Similarly, we admitted 177 cases of acute coronary syndrome at the medical college hospital, who were first attended to by the primary care physician in the control group. Aspirin was administered to 91% and 58% of patients with acute coronary syndrome in the intervention and the control groups, respectively ( p < 0.0001). The median hospital-to-aspirin time (h) in the intervention and the control groups was 0.7 ± 1.45 h and 3.5 ± 10 h, respectively ( p < 0.0001). In the intervention group, 72% of the ST elevation myocardial infarction patients were diagnosed within 12 h by the primary care physician using Tele-ECG support. Interpretation and conclusions Smartphone-based Tele-ECG support for primary care physicians reduced the hospital-to-aspirin time in acute coronary syndrome significantly ( p < 0.0001). This is an effective low cost strategy and is easily replicable anywhere in the world.
Comparison Perioperative Factors During Minimally Invasive Pre-Psoas Lateral Interbody Fusion of the Lumbar Spine Using Either Navigation or Conventional Fluoroscopy
Authors: Zhang Yue-Hui , White Ian , Potts Eric , Mobasser Jean-Pierre , Chou Dean 
Published: July 2017

Study Design: Retrospective clinical study. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare intraoperative conditions and clinical results of patients undergoing pre-psoas oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) using navigation or conventional fluoroscopy (C-ARM) techniques. Methods: Forty-two patients (22 patients by navigation and 20 by fluoroscopy) underwent the OLIF procedure at 2 medical centers, and records were reviewed. Clinical data was collected and compared between the 2 groups. Patients were followed-up with a range of 6 to 24 months. Results: There were no significant differences on demographic data between groups. The navigation group had zero radiation exposure (RE) to the surgeon and radiation time compared to the C-ARM group, with total RE of 44.59 ± 26.65 mGy and radiation time of 88.30 ± 58.28 seconds ( P < .05). The RE to the patient was significantly lower in the O-ARM group (9.38 mGy) compared to the C-ARM group (44.59 ± 26.65 mGy). Operating room time was slightly longer in the navigation group (2.49 ± 1.35 hours) compared to the C-ARM group (2.30 ± 1.17 hours; P > .05), although not statistically significant. No differences were found in estimated blood loss, length of hospitalization, surgery-related complications, and outcome scores with an average of 8-month follow-up. Conclusions: Compared with C-ARM techniques, using navigation can eliminate RE to surgeon and decrease RE to the patient, and it had no significant effect on operating time, estimated blood loss, length of hospitalization, or perioperative complications in the patients with OLIF procedure. This study shows that navigation is a safe alternative to fluoroscopy during the OLIF procedure in the treatment of degenerative lumbar conditions.
Early Single-Sport Specialization: A Survey of 3090 High School, Collegiate, and Professional Athletes
Authors: Buckley Patrick S. , Bishop Meghan , Kane Patrick , Ciccotti Michael C. , Selverian Stephen , Exume Dominique , Emper William , Freedman Kevin B. , Hammoud Sommer , Cohen Steven B. , Ciccotti Michael G. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Youth participation in organized sports in the United States is rising, with many athletes focusing on a single sport at an increasingly younger age. Purpose: To retrospectively compare single-sport specialization in current high school (HS), collegiate, and professional athletes with regard to the rate and age of specialization, the number of months per year of single-sport training, and the athlete’s perception of injury related to specialization. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A survey was distributed to HS, collegiate, and professional athletes prior to their yearly preparticipation physical examination. Athletes were asked whether they had chosen to specialize in only 1 sport, and data were then collected pertaining to this decision. Results: A total of 3090 athletes completed the survey (503 HS, 856 collegiate, and 1731 professional athletes). A significantly greater percentage of current collegiate athletes specialized to play a single sport during their childhood/adolescence (45.2% of HS athletes, 67.7% of collegiate athletes, and 46.0% of professional athletes; P < .001). The age of single-sport specialization differed between groups and occurred at a mean age of 12.7 ± 2.4 (HS), 14.8 ± 2.5 (collegiate), and 14.1 ± 2.8 years (professional) ( P < .001). Current HS (39.9%) and collegiate athletes (42.1%) recalled a statistically greater incidence of sport-related injury than current professional athletes (25.4%) ( P < .001). The majority (61.7%) of professional athletes indicated that they believed specialization helps the athlete play at a higher level, compared with 79.7% of HS and 80.6% of collegiate athletes ( P < .001). Notably, only 22.3% of professional athletes said they would want their own child to specialize to play only 1 sport during childhood/adolescence. Conclusion: This study provides a foundation for understanding current trends in single-sport specialization in all athletic levels. Current HS athletes specialized, on average, 2 years earlier than current collegiate and professional athletes surveyed. These data challenge the notion that success at an elite level requires athletes to specialize in 1 sport at a very young age.
Response of chlorophyll a to total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in lotic ecosystems: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Bennett Micah G. , Schofield Kate A. , Lee Sylvia S. , Norton Susan B. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background
Eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems resulting from nitrogen and phosphorus pollution is a major stressor across the globe. Despite recognition by scientists and stakeholders of the problems of nutrient pollution, rigorous synthesis of scientific evidence is still needed to inform nutrient-related management decisions, especially in streams and rivers. Nutrient stressor-response relationships are complicated by multiple interacting environmental factors, complex and indirect causal pathways involving diverse biotic assemblages and food web compartments, legacy (historic) nutrient sources such as agricultural sediments, and the naturally high spatiotemporal variability of lotic ecosystems. Determining nutrient levels at which ecosystems are affected is a critical first step for identifying, managing, and restoring aquatic resources impaired by eutrophication and maintaining currently unimpaired resources. The systematic review outlined in this protocol will compile and synthesize literature on the response of chlorophyll a to nutrients in streams, providing a state-of-the-science body of evidence to assess nutrient impacts to one of the most widely-used measures of eutrophication. This review will address two questions: “What is the response of chlorophyll a to total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in lotic ecosystems?” and “How are these relationships affected by other factors?”

Methods
Searches for published and unpublished articles (peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed) will be conducted using bibliographic databases and search engines. Searches will be supplemented with bibliography searches and requests for material from the scientific and management community. Articles will be screened for relevance at the title/abstract and full text levels using pre-determined inclusion criteria; 10% (minimum 50, maximum 200) of screened papers will be examined by multiple reviewers to ensure consistent application of criteria. Study risk of bias will be evaluated using a questionnaire developed from existing frameworks and tailored to the specific study types this review will encounter. Results will be synthesized using meta-analysis of correlation coefficients, as well as narrative and tabular summaries, and will focus on the shape, direction, strength, and variability of available nutrient-chlorophyll relationships. Sensitivity analysis and meta-regression will be used to evaluate potential effects of study quality and modifying factors on nutrient-chlorophyll relationships.
Prevalence of and associations with agitation in residents with dementia living in care homes: MARQUE cross-sectional study
Authors: Livingston Gill , Barber Julie , Marston Louise , Rapaport Penny , Livingston Deborah , Cousins Sian , Robertson Sarah , La Frenais Francesca , Cooper Claudia 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundAgitation is reportedly the most common neuropsychiatric symptom in care home residents with dementia.AimsTo report, in a large care home survey, prevalence and determinants of agitation in residents with dementia.MethodWe interviewed staff from 86 care homes between 13 January 2014 and 12 November 2015 about residents with dementia with respect to agitation (Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI)), quality of life (DEMQOL-proxy) and dementia severity (Clinical Dementia Rating). We also interviewed residents and their relatives. We used random effects models adjusted for resident age, gender, dementia severity and care home type with CMAI as a continuous score.ResultsOut of 3053 (86.2%) residents who had dementia, 1489 (52.7%) eligible residents participated. Fifteen per cent of residents with very mild dementia had clinically significant agitation compared with 33% with mild (odds ratios (ORs)=4.49 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.30) and 45% with moderate or severe dementia (OR=6.95 95% CI=3.63, 13.31 and OR=6.23 95% CI=3.25, 11.94, respectively). More agitation was associated with lower quality of life (regression coefficient (rc)=-0.53; 95% CI=-0.61, -0.46) but not with staffing or resident ratio (rc=0.03; 95% CI=-0.04, 0.11), level of residents' engagement in home activities (rc=3.21; 95% CI=-0.82, 7.21) or family visit numbers (rc=-0.03; 95% CI=-0.15, 0.08). It was correlated with antipsychotic use (rc=6.45; 95% CI=3.98, 8.91).ConclusionsCare home residents with dementia and agitation have lower quality of life. More staffing time and activities as currently provided are not associated with lower agitation levels. New approaches to develop staff skills in understanding and responding to the underlying reasons for individual resident's agitation require development and testing.