bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Onion or Ginger Modulates the Stress Response and Susceptibility to Vibrio harveyi JML1 Infection in Brown-marbled Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Juveniles
Authors: Amar E. C. , Apines-Amar M. J. S. , Faisan J. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Onion Allium cepa and ginger Zingiber officinale have health-promoting properties that qualify them as functional foods. The effect of repeated acute stressors was examined in juvenile Brown-marbled Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus that were fed four diets supplemented with onion at 1.8%, ginger at 1.8%, vitamin C at 0.86%, and β-glucan at 0.8% of the diet. The non-supplemented diet served as the control. After 12 weeks of feeding, fish were exposed to stressors and were experimentally infected with a fish pathogen, the bacterium Vibrio harveyi JML1. After repeated exposure to hypoxia, cortisol levels rose significantly in the non-supplemented fish compared to those fed onion, ginger, β-glucan, or vitamin C. Within groups, postexposure cortisol levels in the onion-, ginger-, and vitamin C-fed fish did not change relative to pre-stress levels, whereas significant increases in poststress values were observed in the control and β-glucan groups. The net cortisol increase was also significantly greater in the non-supplemented group compared to the supplemented groups. The net cortisol increase did not vary among the supplemented groups except that the β-glucan-fed group exhibited a higher net increase than the onion-fed group. Similarly, repeated acute exposure to osmotic stress significantly increased the plasma cortisol level in the non-supplemented group compared to groups that received supplements; no differences were found in the supplemented groups except the β-glucan group. Within groups, significant increases in poststress values relative to pre-stress levels were found only in the control and β-glucan groups. Repeated acute exposure to hypoxia significantly increased cumulative mortality in the control group compared to the supplemented groups (except the β-glucan group), whereas repeated exposure to acute osmotic stress significantly increased cumulative mortality only in the control group 10 d after infection with V. harveyi JML1. Based on our collective results, most of the supplemented groups performed better than the control, but the best supplements were onion and ginger in terms of enhancing stress tolerance and increasing survival of Brown-marbled Grouper upon infection with V. harveyi JML1.
Children Born by Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Increased Susceptibility for Chronic Diseases: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Jølving Line R. , Nielsen Jan , Kesmodel Ulrik S. , Nielsen Rasmus G. , Beck‐Nielsen Signe S. , Nørgård Bente M. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveFetal exposure to maternal rheumatoid arthritis (RA) might impact the long‐term risk of disease in the offspring. We examined a possible association between maternal RA and 15 selected groups of chronic diseases in the offspring.MethodsThis nationwide cohort study was based on the Danish health registries and included data on all children born alive in Denmark between January 1, 1989 and December 31, 2013. The cohort comprised 2,106 children born by women with RA (exposed), and 1,378,539 children born by women without RA (unexposed). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used, taking a large range of confounders into consideration, and the hazard ratios (HRs) of child and adolescent diseases were calculated.ResultsIn children exposed to maternal RA in utero, the HR of thyroid diseases was 2.19 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.14–4.21), epilepsy 1.61 (95% CI 1.16–2.25), and RA 2.89 (95% CI 2.06–4.05). The HRs for anxiety and personality disorders and chronic lung disease including asthma were in the range of 1.15–1.16, but these were not statistically significant associations.ConclusionOur results suggest that in utero exposure to maternal RA is associated with an increased risk of thyroid disease and epilepsy in childhood and adolescence, and in particular an increased risk of RA, compared to children born to mothers without RA. These important findings should encourage pediatricians and general practitioners to have an increased awareness of certain chronic diseases in children exposed to RA in utero.
In Situ Separation of Chemical Reaction Systems Based on a Special Wettable PTFE Membrane
Authors: Xu Zhe , Wang Li , Yu Cunming , Li Kan , Tian Ye , Jiang Lei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOil–water separation is a worldwide subject because of the increasing demands in numerous applications, involving separation of immiscible products from chemical reaction systems in synthetic industry. Owing to the limitations of low efficiency, high energy consumption, and multiple operations in conventional methods, membranes with special wettability have been widely developed in recent years to effectively separate various oil–water systems. However, few works on treating chemical reaction systems have been reported because of the lack of stability of current membranes in harsh environments, especially during long‐term work. Herein, a continuous in situ separation of chemical reaction systems based on a special wettable porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane is successfully conducted. The membrane possesses (1) an intrinsic (with no modification) special wettability of highly hydrophobic/oleophilic in air and superoleophilic under water and 2) an excellent long‐term durability in acidic, alkaline, saline, organic, or heating environments. The in situ separation process exhibits both large separation flux (>3500 L m−2 h−1) and high product purity (>99.00%) by continuously filtering synthetic products without interrupting chemical reactions, which is of great significance in industrial fields.
Bipolar Conducting Polymer Crawlers Based on Triple Symmetry Breaking
Authors: Gupta Bhavana , Goudeau Bertrand , Garrigue Patrick , Kuhn Alexander 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBipolar electrochemistry can be used in different ways to induce motion of an object, for example by generating gas bubbles in an asymmetric way or by a wireless self‐regeneration mechanism due to the intrinsic symmetry breaking of this concept. Here a complementary approach is explored on the basis of conducting polymer objects addressed in solution by an electric field. The presence of the latter results in a differential polarization of the polymer, thus enabling its oxidation at one extremity and its reduction at the opposite side. This triggers different degrees of swelling and shrinking, leading to important deformations of the object. Combined with an additional asymmetry in the polymer surface morphology, a periodic switching of the electric field orientation allows exploiting these deformations to induce directed crawling motion. This first example of a wireless biomimetic crawler based on conducting polymers opens interesting long‐term perspectives in several areas such as for example wireless valves, pumps and (micro)robotics.
Bottom‐up Nanoencapsulation from Single Cells to Tunable and Scalable Cellular Spheroids for Hair Follicle Regeneration
Authors: Wang Jin , Miao Yong , Huang Yong , Lin Bojie , Liu Xiaomin , Xiao Shune , Du Lijuan , Hu Zhiqi , Xing Malcolm 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCell surface engineering technology advances cell therapeutics and tissue engineering by accurate micro/nanoscale control in cell–biomaterial ensembles and cell spheroids formation. By tailoring cell surface, microgels can encapsulate cells for versatile uses. However, microgels are coated in a thick layer to house multiple cells together but not a single cell based. Besides, excessive deposition on cell surface is detrimental to cellular functions. Herein, layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assembly to encapsulate single cell using nanogel is reported, owing to its security and tunable thickness at nanoscale, and further forms cell spheroids by physical cross‐linking on nanogel‐coated cells for delivery. A hair follicle (HF) regeneration model where the dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are given a 3D installation to maintain its ability of HF induction during in vitro culture is studied. Dermal papilla (DP) spheroids are optimized and that LbL‐DPCs aggregation is akin to primary DP is demonstrated. The markers ALP, Versican, and NCAM are examined to investigate that high‐passaged (P8) DP spheroids can restore the hair induction potential, which are lost in 2D culture. New HFs are regenerated successfully by implantation of DP spheroids in vivo.
Tiling of Solar Cell Surfaces: Influence on Photon Management and Microstructure
Authors: Tamang Asman , Sai Hitoshi , Jovanov Vladislav , Matsubara Koji , Knipp Dietmar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMicrocrystalline silicon thin‐film solar cells prepared on hexagonal tiled surfaces exhibit record short‐circuit current densities and energy conversion efficiencies. However, it remains unclear if hexagonal textured substrates represent the best possible substrate tiling. In this study, hexagonal tiled substrates are compared with square and triangular tiled substrates in terms of photon management and microstructure. The 3D interface morphology of the individual layers of the solar cells is calculated and used as input parameters for the prediction of microcracks in the film and the simulation of 3D optical wave propagation. A comparison of the calculated interface morphologies with experimental results exhibits a good agreement for solar cells on hexagonal textured substrates, permitting calculations for solar cells on square and triangular textured substrates. The investigation of the crack formation process indicates that the square and the triangular textured substrates are superior to the hexagonal textured substrates. Finally, crack‐free triangular textured solar cells exhibit increased short‐circuit current densities compared to hexagonal and square textured solar cells.
X‐ray Radiography to Visualize the Rebar–Cementitious Matrix Interface and Judge the Delay in Corrosion through Self‐Repair by Encapsulated Polyurethane
Authors: Van Tittelboom Kim , Van Belleghem Bjorn , Boone Matthieu N. , Van Hoorebeke Luc , De Belie Nele 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCorrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the most detrimental attack mechanisms for reinforced concrete structures. The presence of cracks, which are inextricably linked to reinforced concrete, accelerates this attack mechanism. The aim of this study is to heal cracks by an autonomous mechanism, which is triggered upon crack appearance. With an accelerated corrosion test on mortar samples with embedded reinforcement bars, it is shown that the presence of cracks indeed accelerates the onset and propagation of corrosion at the interface between the rebar and the cementitious matrix. Moreover, it is shown that crack healing in both the traditional, manual way and the proposed autonomous way, with an encapsulated one‐component polyurethane, delays the onset and propagation of corrosion. The difference in corrosion behavior is proven by visual evaluation of the rebar surface and by X‐ray radiographic analysis, which is proposed as a successful technique to evaluate the crack healing efficiency and more specifically the potential to delay corrosion.
Liquid Shaping Based on Liquid Pancakes
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , Shi Haixiao , Wang Yiqi , Wang Renxian , Huang Shuai , Huang Junchao , Geng Xingguo , Zang Duyang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLiquid marbles with quasi‐spherical shapes have great application potential as miniature containers. Recently, their shape modification is investigated, revealing great possibilities in broadening the uses for such containers. Current methods have demonstrated shape designability, but fine control of the final shape, important in applications, has remained a problem. Here, a facile method, based on a gravity‐induced liquid pancake coated with a nanoparticle monolayer, is proposed that allows continuous segmentation of the liquid. As a result, well‐shaped liquids, as structured liquid marbles with accurate target profiles, are formed. The density of interfacial particles is found to determine the segmentation feasibility and to affect the shaped liquid profile. Additionally, the maximum bifurcation is positively related to the initial particle density. This work basically achieves fine control of the liquid shape, enhancing the foundation for the development of liquid‐based smart containers.
Functional and Switchable Amphiphilic PMMA Surface Prepared by 3D Selective Modification
Authors: Guselnikova Olga , Postnikov Pavel , Sajdl Petr , Elashnikov Roman , Švorčík Vaclav , Lyutakov Oleksiy 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe design and creation of switchable amphiphilicity on the surface of thin poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) films are described. Amphiphilic properties are achieved through the 3D surface spatially selective modification using the membrane‐assisted diazonium approach. Proposed technique allows simple grafting with the hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds in the surface valleys or tops, depending on the order of modification steps. Thermally controllable hydro‐ and oleophilicity are achieved by the in‐plane and height distinguished grafting of PMMA films with bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) chains. Sample surface at different stages of the modification is characterized by the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Also the range of temperature‐dependent wettability tests (with water, hexadecane, and ethyleneglycol) is performed. The temperature controlled amphiphilicity switching is proved to be fully reversible and proceeding in seconds.
Ordered Mesoporous Carbons with High Micropore Content and Tunable Structure Prepared by Combined Hard and Salt Templating as Electrode Materials in Electric Double‐Layer Capacitors
Authors: Yan Runyu , Heil Tobias , Presser Volker , Walczak Ralf , Antonietti Markus , Oschatz Martin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSynthesis of high surface area carbon materials with hierarchical pore structure is reported. Combined salt templating with ZnCl2 and hard templating with SBA‐15 is used to produce ordered mesoporous and microporous hard–salt‐templated carbons (OM‐HSTCs) from simple sucrose as carbon precursor. OM‐HSTCs achieve specific surface areas of more than 2600 m2 g−1 and total pore volumes up to 2.2 cm3 g−1. In comparison to purely hard‐templated ordered mesoporous carbons, the additional salt template leads to high micropore volume and provides control over the size/distribution of micro‐ and mesopores and over the carbon microstructure. This method combines carbonization and the formation of well‐defined micropores in one step and is more versatile in terms of resulting pore structure than previously reported routes toward ordered mesoporous/microporous carbons. When applied as electrode materials in electric double‐layer capacitors with 1 m tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile organic electrolyte, OM‐HSTCs combine high gravimetric capacitance (133 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) resulting from high micropore volume with high capacitance retention under high‐power conditions (126 F g−1 at 40 A g−1), exceeding the purely microporous or purely ordered mesoporous reference materials.
Green Nanotechnology from Waste Carbon–Polyaniline Composite: Generation of Wavelength‐Independent Multiband Photoluminescence for Sensitive Ion Detection
Authors: Goswami Sumita , Nandy Suman , Deuermeier Jonas , Marques Ana C. , Nunes Daniela , Patole Shashikant P. , Costa Pedro M. F. J. , Martins Rodrigo , Fortunato Elvira 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study reports on the qualitative analysis of photoluminescence effect generated from waste carbon of cooking oven by facile cost‐effective material engineering. The waste carbon product as a form of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) is incorporated within a conjugate polymer, namely, polyaniline (PANI) to produce CNP‐PANI composites that have shown excitation‐wavelength‐independent triple‐band photoluminescence emission effect and highly sensitive Fe+3 ion detection ability. Herein the waste carbon material, while functionalized within the conjugated polymer, needs no further acid treatment or surface modification thus making the process cheaper, environmentally benign, and useful for green nanotechnology. The excitation‐wavelength‐independent unique triple‐band photoluminescence spectrum is the direct consequence of carbon–polyaniline synergy in π–π transition and the surface passivation of CNPs by the NH2 group rich aniline during in‐situ polymerization. The current scenario has been studied for the samples prepared with different CNP concentrations for different reaction times and discussed in details with supportive physico‐chemical characterizations. Moreover, the present study has demonstrated that the current material can be used as a fluorescent sensing platform for Fe+3 ions with high sensitivity and selectivity criteria where the detection limit of the sensing probe has a value as low as 12 × 10−9 nM.
Prospective transfrontal sheep model of skull‐base reconstruction using vascularized mucosa
Authors: Mueller Sarina K. , Scangas George , Amiji Mansor M. , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundNo high‐fidelity animal model exists to examine prospective wound healing following vascularized reconstruction of the skull base. Such a model would require the ability to study the prospective behavior of vascularized mucosal repairs of large dural and arachnoid defects within the intranasal environment. The objective of this study was to therefore develop and validate a novel, in vivo, transfrontal sheep model of cranial base repair using vascularized sinonasal mucosa.MethodsTwelve transfrontal craniotomy and 1.5‐cm durotomy reconstructions were performed in 60‐kg to 70‐kg Dorset/Ovis Aries sheep using vascularized mucosa with or without an adjunctive Biodesign™ underlay graft (n = 6 per group). Histologic outcomes were graded (scale, 0 to 4) by a blinded veterinary histopathologist after 7, 14, and 28 days for a range of wound healing parameters.ResultsAll sheep tolerated the surgery, which required 148 ± 33 minutes. By day 7, the mucosa was fully adherent with complete partitioning of the sinus and intracranial compartments. Fibroblast infiltration and flap neovascularization scores significantly increased between day 7 (0.3 ± 0.5 and 0.0 ± 0.0) and day 28 (4.0 ± 0.0, p = 0.01 and 2.0 ± 0.8, p = 0.01; respectively), while hemorrhage scores significantly decreased from 2.5 ± 0.6 to 0.0 ± 0.0 (p = 0.01). The inflammatory scores were not significantly different between the heterologous graft and control sides.ConclusionThe described sheep model accurately reflects prospective intranasal wound healing following vascularized mucosal reconstruction of dural defects. This model can be used in future studies to examine novel reconstructive materials, tissue glues, and transmucosal drug delivery to the central nervous system.
Antisense suppression of glial fibrillary acidic protein as a treatment for Alexander disease
Authors: Hagemann Tracy L. , Powers Berit , Mazur Curt , Kim Aneeza , Wheeler Steven , Hung Gene , Swayze Eric , Messing Albee 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveAlexander disease is a fatal leukodystrophy caused by autosomal dominant gain‐of‐function mutations in the gene for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an intermediate filament protein primarily expressed in astrocytes of the central nervous system. A key feature of pathogenesis is overexpression and accumulation of GFAP, with formation of characteristic cytoplasmic aggregates known as Rosenthal fibers. Here we investigate whether suppressing GFAP with antisense oligonucleotides could provide a therapeutic strategy for treating Alexander disease.MethodsIn this study, we use GFAP mutant mouse models of Alexander disease to test the efficacy of antisense suppression and evaluate the effects on molecular and cellular phenotypes and non–cell‐autonomous toxicity. Antisense oligonucleotides were designed to target the murine Gfap transcript, and screened using primary mouse cortical cultures. Lead oligonucleotides were then tested for their ability to reduce GFAP transcripts and protein, first in wild‐type mice with normal levels of GFAP, and then in adult mutant mice with established pathology and elevated levels of GFAP.ResultsNearly complete and long‐lasting elimination of GFAP occurred in brain and spinal cord following single bolus intracerebroventricular injections, with a striking reversal of Rosenthal fibers and downstream markers of microglial and other stress‐related responses. GFAP protein was also cleared from cerebrospinal fluid, demonstrating its potential utility as a biomarker in future clinical applications. Finally, treatment led to improved body condition and rescue of hippocampal neurogenesis.InterpretationThese results demonstrate the efficacy of antisense suppression for an astrocyte target, and provide a compelling therapeutic approach for Alexander disease. Ann Neurol 2018;83:27–39
Emissive Synthetic Cofactors: Enzymatic Interconversions of tzA Analogues of ATP, NAD+, NADH, NADP+, and NADPH
Authors: Hallé François , Fin Andrea , Rovira Alexander R. , Tor Yitzhak 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA series of enzymatic transformations, which generate visibly emissive isofunctional cofactors based on an isothiazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidine analogue of adenosine (tzA), was developed. Nicotinamide adenylyl transferase condenses nicotinamide mononucleotide and tzATP to yield NtzAD+, which can be enzymatically phosphorylated by NAD+ kinase and ATP or tzATP to the corresponding NtzADP+. The latter can be engaged in NADP‐specific coupled enzymatic transformations involving conversion to NtzADPH by glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and reoxidation to NtzADP+ by glutathione reductase. The NtzADP+/NtzADPH cycle can be monitored in real time by fluorescence spectroscopy.
Loss of skills and onset patterns in neurodevelopmental disorders: Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms
Authors: Thurm Audrey , Powell Elizabeth M. , Neul Jeffrey L. , Wagner Ann , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie 
Published: December 2017

Patterns of onset in Autism Spectrum Disorder, including a pattern that includes loss of previously acquired skills, have been identified since the first reports of the disorder. However, attempts to study such “regression” have been limited to clinical studies, that until recently mostly involved retrospective reports. The current report reflects discussion that occurred at an NIMH convened meeting in 2016 with the purpose of bridging clinical autism research with basic and translational work in this area. This summary describes the state of the field with respect to clinical studies, describing gaps in knowledge based on limited methods and prospective data collected. Biological mechanisms that have been shown to account for regression early in development in specific conditions are discussed, as well as potential mechanisms that have not yet been explored. Suggestions include use of model systems during the developmental period and cutting‐edge methods, including non‐invasive imaging that may afford opportunities for a better understanding of the neurobiological pathways that result in loss of previously‐attained skills. Autism Res 2018, 11: 212–222. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryLoss of previously acquired skills, or regression, has been reported in Autism Spectrum Disorder since Kanner's reports in the 1950's. The current report reflects discussion from an NIMH convened meeting in 2016 with the purpose of bridging clinical autism research with basic and translational work in this area. This summary describes the state of the field regarding clinical studies and suggests use of model systems during the developmental period and cutting‐edge methods, for a better understanding of the neurobiological pathways that result in loss of previously‐attained skills.