bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycemic Control Status After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hwang Jin Kyung , Lee Seung Hwa , Song Young Bin , Ahn Joonghyun , Carriere Keumhee , Jang Mi Ja , Park Taek Kyu , Choi Seung-Hyuk , Yang Jeong Hoon , Choi Jin-Ho , Lee Sang Hoon , Gwon Hyeon-Cheol , Hahn Joo-Yong 
Published: April 2017

Background—
Data on the association between glycemic control after percutaneous coronary intervention and clinical outcomes are limited and controversial in diabetic patients.

Methods and Results—

We studied 980 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention using drug-eluting stents. Based on 2-year glycosylated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) levels, we divided patients into 2 groups of HbA1c<7.0 (n=489) and HbA1c≥7.0 (n=491). Propensity score–matched analysis was performed in 322 pairs. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, or stroke. Median follow-up duration was 5.4 years. The 7-year incidence of MACCE was lower in the HbA1c<7.0 group than in the HbA1c≥7.0 group (26.9% versus 40.3%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.57–0.98;
P
=0.03). After propensity score matching, the 7-year incidence of MACCE was still lower in the HbA1c<7.0 group than in the HbA1c≥7.0 group (27.5% versus 37.4%; hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.97;
P
=0.03), mainly because of a reduction in repeat revascularization (19.9% versus 29.5%; hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.47–0.93;
P
=0.02). In subgroup analyses, the benefit of glycemic control for MACCE was more prominent in patients with residual SYNTAX score (Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) >4 than in those with the residual SYNTAX score ≤4 (
P
interaction
=0.004).

Conclusions—
HbA1c<7.0 measured 2 years after percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with a reduced rate of MACCE. Our data suggest that high HbA1c levels 2 years after percutaneous coronary intervention may identify a population at increased risk of adverse events, especially repeat revascularization.
Diagnostic Accuracy of 3.0‐T Magnetic Resonance T1 and T2 Mapping and T2‐Weighted Dark‐Blood Imaging for the Infarct‐Related Coronary Artery in Non–ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Layland Jamie , Rauhalammi Samuli , Lee Matthew M. Y. , Ahmed Nadeem , Carberry Jaclyn , Teng Yue May Vannesa , Watkins Stuart , McComb Christie , Mangion Kenneth , McClure John D. , Carrick David , O'Donnell Anna , Sood Arvind , McEntegart Margaret , Oldroyd Keith G. , Radjenovic Aleksandra , Berry Colin 
Published: April 2017

Background
Patients with recent non–ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction commonly have heterogeneous characteristics that may be challenging to assess clinically.

Methods and Results

We prospectively studied the diagnostic accuracy of 2 novel (T1, T2 mapping) and 1 established (T2‐weighted short tau inversion recovery [T2W‐
STIR
]) magnetic resonance imaging methods for imaging the ischemic area at risk and myocardial salvage in 73 patients with non–ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (mean age 57±10 years, 78% male) at 3.0‐T magnetic resonance imaging within 6.5±3.5 days of invasive management. The infarct‐related territory was identified independently using a combination of angiographic,
ECG
, and clinical findings. The presence and extent of infarction was assessed with late gadolinium enhancement imaging (gadobutrol, 0.1 mmol/kg). The extent of acutely injured myocardium was independently assessed with native T1, T2, and T2W‐
STIR
methods. The mean infarct size was 5.9±8.0% of left ventricular mass. The infarct zone T1 and T2 times were 1323±68 and 57±5 ms, respectively. The diagnostic accuracies of T1 and T2 mapping for identification of the infarct‐related artery were similar (
P
=0.125), and both were superior to T2W‐
STIR
(
P
<0.001). The extent of myocardial injury (percentage of left ventricular volume) estimated with T1 (15.8±10.6%) and T2 maps (16.0±11.8%) was similar (
P
=0.838) and moderately well correlated (
r
=0.82,
P
<0.001). Mean extent of acute injury estimated with T2W‐
STIR
(7.8±11.6%) was lower than that estimated with T1 (
P
<0.001) or T2 maps (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

In patients with non–ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction, T1 and T2 magnetic resonance imaging mapping have higher diagnostic performance than T2W‐
STIR
for identifying the infarct‐related artery. Compared with conventional
STIR
, T1 and T2 maps have superior value to inform diagnosis and revascularization planning in non–ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02073422.
Myocardial Damage Detected by Late Gadolinium Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Is Uncommon in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Schelbert Erik B. , Elkayam Uri , Cooper Leslie T. , Givertz Michael M. , Alexis Jeffrey D. , Briller Joan , Felker G. Michael , Chaparro Sandra , Kealey Angela , Pisarcik Jessica , Fett James D. , McNamara Dennis M. ,   the Investigations of Pregnancy Associated Cardiomyopathy (IPAC) Investigators
Published: April 2017

Background

In peripartum cardiomyopathy, the prevalence of focal myocardial damage detected by late gadolinium enhancement (
LGE
) cardiovascular magnetic resonance is important to elucidate mechanisms of myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction.
LGE
equates irreversible myocardial injury, but
LGE
prevalence in peripartum cardiomyopathy is uncertain.

Methods and Results

Among 100 women enrolled within the Investigations of Pregnancy Associated Cardiomyopathy cohort, we recruited 40 women at 13 centers to undergo
LGE
cardiovascular magnetic resonance, enrolled within the first 13 weeks postpartum. Follow‐up scans occurred at 6 months postpartum, and death/transplant rates at 12 months. Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly in the parent cohort according to cardiovascular magnetic resonance enrollment except for mechanical circulatory support.
LGE
was noted only in 2 women (5%) at baseline. While left ventricular dysfunction with enlargement was prevalent at baseline cardiovascular magnetic resonance scans (eg, ejection fraction 38% [Q1–Q3 31–50%], end diastolic volume index=108 mL/m
2
[Q1–Q3 83–134 mL/m
2
]), most women demonstrated significant improvements at 6 months, consistent with a low prevalence of
LGE
.
LGE
was not related to baseline clinical variables, ejection fraction, New York Heart Association heart failure class, or mortality. Neither of the 2 women who died exhibited
LGE
.
LGE
was inversely associated with persistent left ventricular ejection fraction at 6 months (
P
=0.006).

Conclusions

Factors other than focal myocardial damage detectable by
LGE
explain the initial transient depressions in baseline left ventricular ejection fraction, yet focal myocardial damage may contribute to persistent myocardial dysfunction and hinder recovery in a small minority. Most women exhibit favorable changes in ventricular function over 6 months.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01085955.
Angiotensin II Peptide Vaccine Protects Ischemic Brain Through Reducing Oxidative Stress
Authors: Wakayama Kouji , Shimamura Munehisa , Suzuki Jun-ichi , Watanabe Ryo , Koriyama Hiroshi , Akazawa Hiroshi , Nakagami Hironori , Mochizuki Hideki , Isobe Mitsuaki , Morishita Ryuichi 
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose—
Medication nonadherence is one of major risk factors for the poor outcome in ischemic stroke. Vaccination is expected to solve such a problem because of its long-lasting effects, but its effect on ischemic brain damage is still unknown. Here, we focused on vaccination for renin–angiotensin system and examined the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) peptide vaccine in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats.

Methods—
Male Wistar rats were exposed to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion after 3× injections of Ang II peptide vaccine, and the serum or brain level of anti–Ang II antibody was examined. The effects of the vaccine were evaluated by differences in infarction volume, brain renin–angiotensin system components, and markers for neurodegeneration and oxidative stress.

Results—

Ang II vaccination successfully produced anti–Ang II antibodies in serum without concomitant change in blood pressure. Sufficient production of serum anti–Ang II antibody led to reduction of infarct volume and induced the penetration of anti–Ang II antibody in ischemic hemisphere, with suppressed expression of Ang II type 1 receptor mRNA. Vaccinated rats with sufficient antibody production showed the reduction of Fluoro-Jade B–positive cells, spectrin fragmentation, 4-hydroxynonenal-positive cells, and
Nox 2
mRNA expression.

Conclusions—
Our findings indicate that Ang II vaccination exerts neuroprotective and antioxidative effects in cerebral ischemia, with renin–angiotensin system blockade by penetration of anti–Ang II antibodies into ischemic brain lesion. Ang II peptide vaccination could be a promising approach to treat ischemic stroke.
Degradation of serum microRNAs during transient storage of serum samples at 4℃
Authors: Aiso Toshiko , Takigami Shu , Yamaki Akiko , Ohnishi Hiroaki 
Published: April 2017

Background Numerous studies demonstrate the potential of circulating microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for several diseases. Circulating microRNAs are much more stable than mRNAs and remain largely intact even after prolonged incubation at room temperature. However, recent reports show that microRNAs in serum or plasma samples have diverse stabilities. The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the stabilities of miR-92a, miR-122 and miR-145 in serum during transient storage at 4℃ before freezing. Methods Serum samples were stored for 24 h at 4℃, and then RNA was extracted from whole serum or extracellular vesicles in serum. Total Exosome Isolation Reagent (from serum) was used for the fractionation of extracellular vesicles. Reverse transcription and real-time PCR of microRNAs were performed using the TaqMan MicroRNA Assays for miR-92a, miR-122 and miR-145. Results MiR-122 and miR-145 were degraded rapidly in serum; the concentrations dropped to 35.9% ( P < 0.001) and 29.3% ( P < 0.0001), respectively. These microRNAs in extracellular vesicles exhibited similar instability; the concentrations were 52.2% ( P < 0.05) and 56.5% ( P < 0.01), respectively. On the other hand, no significant degradation of miR-92a was observed (whole serum: P = 0.052, extracellular vesicles: P = 0.196). Conclusions MiR-122 and miR-145 in serum are extremely unstable and could be degraded during transient storage of serum at 4℃ prior to freezing.
Raising the standard of care in the treatment of schizophrenia: Yes we can!
Authors: Catts Stanley Victor , O’Toole Brian 
Published: April 2017

Objective: In response to evidence of deteriorating outcomes of people with schizophrenia we recently published a critical review in the journal concerning why outcomes for schizophrenia are not improving. A published commentary on our review raised criticisms that we aim to address herein. Method: Published data related to four issues raised in the commentary were reviewed. Results: There is a body of evidence that supports the possibility of dramatic improvements in treatment effectiveness, presented in our critical review, and these can be achieved within existing financial resources and present day understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, the commentary leads us to highlight four current obstacles to improving treatment effectiveness: (1) the belief of many psychiatrists that long-term antipsychotic medication raises the cardiovascular mortality rate in schizophrenia when the opposite is almost certainly the case; (2) the need to improve psychiatrist training in diagnostic and communication skills, especially with first episode presentations; (3) the requirement for comprehensive and structured assessment of the highly prevalent deficits in insight and decision making capacity associated with schizophrenia; and (4) the need for improved intervention design to minimise the impact of these deficits on treatment choice and refusal. Conclusion: With a sense of professional urgency, a genuinely respectful and caring partnership between clinicians, affected individuals and their families, and researchers, with relative little innovation, we conclude that the standard of care can definitely be raised now in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Absent Jews and Invisible Antisemitism in Postwar Vienna: Der Prozeß (1948) and The Third Man (1949)
Authors: Silverman Lisa 
Published: April 2017

After the Second World War, using culture – such as theater, film, and writing – to promote Austria as a separate nation became a helpful strategy for Austrians and the Allied Forces alike. In this context, the role of Jews and Jewish difference in revising Austrian self-definitions was particularly fraught. Antisemitic prejudices persisted after the Holocaust, even though Austrian Jews were now largely absent. However, in the early postwar years, antisemitism was more likely to rear its head via code words or backhandedly, in efforts to deny its very existence. This article investigates the presence and consequences of this ‘invisible’ antisemitism in postwar Vienna by juxtaposing two films made at roughly the same time: Der Prozeß (1948), a film about antisemitism that takes place in a nineteenth-century village over 300 miles away and features only innocent rural Jews and diabolical antisemites, while The Third Man (1949) features an urban tale of the black market and poisoned children set in post-1945 Vienna that does not mention either Jews or the reasons for their absence. This comparison suggests that the simultaneous repression and evocation of Jewish difference that characterized the creation of culture in Vienna before the Holocaust persisted in the immediate postwar era.
Panel 7: Otitis Media: Treatment and Complications
Authors: Schilder Anne G. M. , Marom Tal , Bhutta Mahmood F. , Casselbrant Margaretha L. , Coates Harvey , Gisselsson‐Solén Marie , Hall Amanda J. , Marchisio Paola , Ruohola Aino , Venekamp Roderick P. , Mandel Ellen M. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveWe aimed to summarize key articles published between 2011 and 2015 on the treatment of (recurrent) acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, tympanostomy tube otorrhea, chronic suppurative otitis media and complications of otitis media, and their implications for clinical practice.Data SourcesPubMed, Ovid Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Clinical Evidence (BMJ Publishing).Review MethodsAll types of articles related to otitis media treatment and complications between June 2011 and March 2015 were identified. A total of 1122 potential related articles were reviewed by the panel members; 118 relevant articles were ultimately included in this summary.ConclusionsRecent literature and guidelines emphasize accurate diagnosis of acute otitis media and optimal management of ear pain. Watchful waiting is optional in mild to moderate acute otitis media; antibiotics do shorten symptoms and duration of middle ear effusion. The additive benefit of adenoidectomy to tympanostomy tubes in recurrent acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion is controversial and age dependent. Topical antibiotic is the treatment of choice in acute tube otorrhea. Symptomatic hearing loss due to persistent otitis media with effusion is best treated with tympanostomy tubes. Novel molecular and biomaterial treatments as adjuvants to surgical closure of eardrum perforations seem promising. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of complementary and alternative treatments.Implications for PracticeEmphasis on accurate diagnosis of otitis media, in its various forms, is important to reduce overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and antibiotic resistance. Children at risk for otitis media and its complications deserve special attention.
Retrospective Evaluation of a Technique for Patient‐Customized Placement of Precurved Cochlear Implant Electrode Arrays
Authors: Wang Jianing , Dawant Benoit M. , Labadie Robert F. , Noble Jack H. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivePrecurved electrode arrays (EAs) are commonly used in cochlear implants (CIs). Modiolar placement of such arrays has been shown to lead to better hearing outcomes. In this project, we retrospectively evaluated the modiolar positioning of EAs within a large CI imaging database. We aimed to discover the rate at which perimodiolar placement is successfully achieved and to evaluate a new technique we propose to preoperatively plan patient‐customized EA insertion depths to improve perimodiolar placement at the time of surgery.Study DesignRetrospective chart review and radiographic analysis.SettingSingle tertiary academic referral center.Subjects and MethodsNinety‐seven CI ears were evaluated. Perimodiolar positioning of electrodes was quantified using pre‐ and postimplantation computed tomography scans and automated image analysis techniques.ResultsAverage perimodiolar distance was 0.59 ± 0.18 mm. Disagreement between the actual and our recommended insertion depth was found to be positively correlated with perimodiolar distance (r = 0.49, P <. 0001).ConclusionsThese results show that the average CI recipient with a precurved EA has a number of electrodes distant to the modiolus where they are not most effective. Our results also indicate the approach we propose for selecting patient‐customized EA insertion depth would lead to better perimodiolar placement of precurved EAs.
Safety profile of gadoxetate disodium in elderly patients (≥65 years)
Authors: Endrikat Jan , Schwenke Carsten , Vogtlaender Kai , Dohannish Susan , Breuer Josy 
Published: April 2017

Background Safety data on routine clinical use of gadoxetate disodium in elderly patients is not reported yet. Purpose To assess the safety of liver specific gadoxetate disodium in contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in elderly patients (≥65 years) in comparison to adults (18–64 years). Material and Methods Safety data on gadoxetate disodium were analyzed from 12 clinical phase II–III studies and from our pharmacovigilance database. A comparison between elderly (≥65 years) versus adults (18–64 years) was performed with respect to the frequency of drug-related adverse events (AEs) in clinical phase II–III studies and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the pharmacovigilance database. Results In clinical studies, 1989 patients were enrolled: 675 elderly and 1314 adults. Twenty-three elderly patients (3.4%) suffered at least one drug-related AE in contrast to 58 patients (4.4%) in the group of adults (odds ratio = 0.76; 95% confidence interval = 0.45–1.27). Since marketing authorization in 2004, more than 3.5 million patients have been exposed to gadoxetate disodium worldwide: 1.7 million (48.6%) in elderly and 1.8 million (51.4%) in adults. The number of patients with post-marketing ADRs (total n = 793) was 354 (0.021%) in the elderly group and 439 (0.024%) in the adult group. Thus, there were significantly fewer patients with ADRs reported in the group of elderly versus adults ( P = 0.028). Hypersensitivity/immune system disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, and respiratory disorders were the most frequent ADRs in both groups, elderly and adults. Conclusion The incidence of drug-related AEs in clinical studies was similar and that of patients with ADRs in the post-marketing setting was lower in elderly (≥65 years) compared with younger adults aged 18–64 years. Overall, gadoxetate disodium shows a favorable safety profile in both age groups.
Using telerehabilitation to support people with multiple sclerosis: A qualitative analysis of interactions, processes, and issues across three interventions
Authors: Fakolade Afolasade , Finlayson Marcia , Plow Matthew 
Published: April 2017

Introduction It is important to understand the interactions, processes, and issues that occur within telerehabilitation interventions to inform research and practice. The aim of this study was to identify the difficulties reported and intervention features that were captured as helpful in the notes written by occupational therapists during a telerehabilitation trial. Method Administrative documentation in the form of 60 subjective, objective, assessment, and plan notes were collected. The trial examined the effectiveness of three teleconference-delivered interventions: physical activity alone, fatigue management with physical activity, and contact-control social support for people with multiple sclerosis. Results Five themes emerged: desiring change, taking action, experiencing difficulty, infrastructure support, and relief and appreciation. Desiring change captured therapists’ observations of clients’ desire to manage symptoms and improve participation; it was most apparent at the beginning and supported clients’ taking action as the interventions progressed. Therapists identified their own difficulties with group facilitation and time management and clients’ difficulties with some intervention materials. Infrastructure support was reported to be helpful in minimizing some of these difficulties. In the end, the therapists expressed relief that the clients appeared to benefit from and appreciate the interventions. Conclusion This study highlights the need for and importance of providing resources and training to support teleconference-delivered interventions in clinical practice.
Prospective testing of ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria for migraine with aura and migraine with typical aura in patients with transient ischemic attacks
Authors: Lebedeva Elena R , Gurary Natalia M , Gilev Denis V , Olesen Jes 
Published: April 2017

Introduction The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition beta (ICHD-3 beta) gave alternative diagnostic criteria for 1.2 migraine with aura (MA) and 1.2.1 migraine with typical aura (MTA) in the appendix. The latter were presumed to better differentiate transient ischemic attacks (TIA) from MA. The aim of the present study was to field test that. Methods Soon after admission, a neurologist interviewed 120 consecutive patients diagnosed with TIA after MRI or CT. Semi-structured interview forms addressed all details of the TIA episode and all information necessary to apply the ICHD-3beta diagnostic criteria for 1.2, 1.2.1, A1.2 and A1.2.1. Results Requiring at least one identical previous attack, the main body and the appendix criteria performed almost equally well. But requiring only one attack, more than a quarter of TIA patients also fulfilled the main body criteria for 1.2. Specificity was as follows for one attack: 1.2: 0.73, A1.2: 0.91, 1.2.1: 0.88 and A1.2.1: 1.0. Sensitivity when tested against ICHD-2 criteria were 100% for the main body criteria (because they were unchanged), 96% for A1.2 and 94% for A1.2.1. Conclusion The appendix criteria performed much better than the main body criteria for 1.2 MA and 1.2.1 MTA when diagnosing one attack (probable MA). We recommend that the appendix criteria should replace the main body criteria in the ICHD-3.