bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute myeloid leukaemia relapsing after allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation: prognostic factors and impact of initial therapy of relapse
Authors: Lim Andrew B. M. , Curley Cameron , Fong Chun Y. , Bilmon Ian , Beligaswatte Ashanka , Purtill Duncan , Getta Bartlomiej , Johnston Anne M. , Armytage Tasman , Collins Marnie , Mason Kate , Fielding Katherine , Greenwood Matthew , Gibson John , Hertzberg Mark , Wright Matthew , Lewis Ian , Moore John , Curtis David , Szer Jeff , Kennedy Glen , Ritchie David 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground/AimsWe sought to determine factors associated with the overall survival from relapse (OSR) of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) after allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) and the effect of first salvage therapy and subsequent graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) on OSR.MethodsData on 386 patients from nine Australian centres with relapsed AML post‐alloHSCT were collected retrospectively. OSR was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using the log‐rank test and proportional hazards modelling, respectively and a prognostic index for OSR was derived from multivariate modelling.ResultsOn multivariate analysis, relapse within 6 months (hazard ratio (HR) 2.4, P < 0.001) and grade 3–4 acute GVHD preceding relapse (HR 2.0, P = 0.004), were associated with inferior OSR. Patients with 1–2 factors had inferior OSR compared to those with zero factors (all patients: HR 2.3, P < 0.001, patients given salvage: HR 1.8, P < 0.001). The first salvage therapy used post‐relapse was donor cell therapy (DCT) (second alloHSCT or donor lymphocyte infusion) in 75, re‐induction chemotherapy (CT) in 103, radiotherapy in 8 and interferon‐α in 6. Although re‐induction CT death rate was low (2%), survival after CT was inferior to DCT (HR 1.9, P < 0.001). No survival benefit was seen for patients who developed GVHD following salvage therapy (P = 0.405).ConclusionPatients with AML who relapse beyond 6 months from alloHSCT without prior grade 3–4 acute GVHD have a better outcome from salvage therapy. Salvage treatments employing DCT as the initial treatment of AML relapse confer a survival advantage over CT.
Signals that drive T follicular helper cell formation
Authors: Webb Louise M. C. , Linterman Michelle A. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryT follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a distinct type of CD4+ T cell specialized in providing help to B cells during the germinal centre (GC) reaction. As such, they are critical determinants of the quality of an antibody response following antigen challenge. Excessive production of Tfh cells can result in autoimmunity whereas too few can result in inadequate protection from infection. Hence, their differentiation and maintenance must be tightly regulated to ensure appropriate but limited help to B cells. Unlike the majority of other CD4+ T‐cell subsets, Tfh cell differentiation occurs in three phases defined by their anatomical location. During each phase of differentiation the emerging Tfh cells express distinct patterns of co‐receptors, which work together with the T‐cell receptor (TCR) to drive Tfh differentiation. These signals provided by both TCR and co‐receptors during Tfh differentiation alter proliferation, survival, metabolism, cytokine production and transcription factor expression. This review will discuss how engagement of TCR and co‐receptors work together to shape the formation and function of Tfh cells.
Role of localized graphitization on the electrical and magnetic properties of activated carbon
Authors: Govind Raj Kovummal , Joy Pattayil Alias 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe correlation between the magnetic and electrical properties of activated carbon with its microstructure is studied. The changes in the microstructure of activated carbon, after activation at three different temperatures (800°C, 900°C, 1000°C) using different amounts of the activating agent, KOH (KOH/C ratio of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1), are studied using X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed the formation of localized nanographitic domains, along with the changes in the surface area and porosity of the activated carbon. The changes in the microstructure are found to be directly correlated with the magnetic properties and electrical conductivity. The interplay between ordering and disordering parameters in the activated carbon is found to determine the electrical conductivity and magnetic properties.
The UK National Arts Education Archive: Ideas and Imaginings
Authors: Adams Jeff , Bailey Rowan , Walton Neil 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe National Arts Education Archive (NAEA) is housed and maintained by the Yorkshire Sculpture Park (YSP), and managed by YSP coordinators and educators with a well‐established volunteer programme. This year, 2017, as part of the celebrations of the YSP's 40th anniversary, the Archive will hold its own exhibition entitled Treasures Revealed: a collection of items selected by people who have been involved in the Archive, whether as donors, volunteers, researchers, artists, trustees or steering group members. In parallel with the exhibition, this article aims to give voice to a selection of individuals and groups associated with the Archive, discussing their interests and experiences of it, and their thoughts on its value and importance as a repository of arts education materials, ideals and practices. Our primary motivations were to consider these different voices in relation to the purpose, direction and relevance of the NAEA today. These exchanges raise fundamental questions and debates about what art education is and what it might become, and how these historical collections, and creative engagements with it, might help to shape our contemporary thinking.
Beneficence: Does Agglomeration Matter?
Authors: Forcehimes Andrew T. , Semrau Luke 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhen it comes to the duty of beneficence, a formidable class of moderate positions holds that morally significant considerations emerge when one's actions are seen as part of a larger series. Agglomeration, according to these moderates, limits the demands of beneficence, thereby avoiding the extremely demanding view forcefully defended by Peter Singer. This idea has much appeal. What morality can demand of people is, it seems, appropriately modulated by how much they have already done or will do. Here we examine a number of recent proposals that appeal to agglomeration. None of them, we argue, succeeds.
Epigenetic mechanisms underlying NMDA receptor hypofunction in the prefrontal cortex of juvenile animals in the MAM model for schizophrenia
Authors: Gulchina Yelena , Xu Song‐Jun , Snyder Melissa A. , Elefant Felice , Gao Wen‐Jun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) is characterized not only by psychosis, but also by working memory and executive functioning deficiencies, processes that rely on the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Because these cognitive impairments emerge prior to psychosis onset, we investigated synaptic function during development in the neurodevelopmental methylazoxymethanol (MAM) model for SCZ. Specifically, we hypothesize that N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction is attributable to reductions in the NR2B subunit through aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene expression, resulting in deficient synaptic physiology and PFC‐dependent cognitive dysfunction, a hallmark of SCZ. Using western blot and whole‐cell patch‐clamp electrophysiology, we found that the levels of synaptic NR2B protein are significantly decreased in juvenile MAM animals, and the function of NMDARs is substantially compromised. Both NMDA‐mEPSCs and synaptic NMDA‐eEPSCs are significantly reduced in prelimbic PFC (plPFC). This protein loss during the juvenile period is correlated with an aberrant increase in enrichment of the epigenetic transcriptional repressor RE1‐silencing transcription factor (REST) and the repressive histone marker H3K27me3 at the Grin2b promoter, as assayed by ChIP‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Glutamate hypofunction has been a prominent hypothesis in the understanding of SCZ pathology; however, little attention has been given to the NMDAR system in the developing PFC in models for SCZ. Our work is the first to confirm that NMDAR hypofunction is a feature of early postnatal development, with epigenetic hyper‐repression of the Grin2b promoter being a contributing factor. The selective loss of NR2B protein and subsequent synaptic dysfunction weakens plPFC function during development and may underlie early cognitive impairments in SCZ models and patients.
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Aggregate personality and organizational competitive advantage
Authors: Schneider Benjamin , Bartram Dave 
Published: June 2017

Based on attraction–selection–attrition theory, human capital resources theory, person‐organization fit theory and organizational climate/culture strength theory we hypothesize that (1) Big 5 aggregate conscientiousness, emotional stability and agreeableness will be significantly related to organizational financial performance (only conscientiousness is significant), (2) that interaction effects of Big 5 means and SDs will be reflected in organizational financial performance (not supported), and (3) that Big 5 strength (variance) alone is a significant correlate of organizational financial performance (supported for all but extraversion). In addition, an aggregate of strength across the Big 5 facets is also a significant correlate of organizational financial performance. Limitations and implications of these findings for future research on aggregate personality and practice are discussed.Practitioner points

Selection on the basis of conscientiousness will yield not only effective individual performance but may also be reflected in organizational financial performance as well.

Firms should be attentive to the variance in the attributes of those hired because smaller aggregate variance on all but extraversion Big 5 attributes is significantly reflected in organizational financial performance.
Pathogenicity and repulsion for toxin‐producing bacteria of dominant bacteria on the surface of American pine wood nematodes
Authors: Liu Kan‐Cheng , Zeng Fei‐Li , Ben Ai‐Ling , Han Zheng‐Min 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBacteria were isolated from the surface of two samples of American pine wood nematodes to identify methods of controlling pine wilt disease. The dominant bacterial strains were identified, and their toxicity and pathogenicity, in addition to their competitiveness with other pathogenic bacteria, were measured to ascertain how bacteria on the surface of American pine wood nematodes might be used to prevent and control pine wilt disease. The bacterial isolates show that the dominant bacteria carried by the two samples of pine wood nematodes are US4, US5, Smal‐007 and Rrad‐006. Based on routine staining, morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the four strains were identified as Delftia lacustris, Pseudomonas putida, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Rhizobium nepotum. The incubation of four dominant bacterial strains and Chinese dominant bacterial strains on the surface of aseptic nematodes and in nutrient broth showed that Smal‐007 and Rrad‐006 have strong competitiveness on the surface of pine wood nematodes. Using a bacterial culture medium to measure the propensity of pine seedlings to wilt, all the American dominant bacterial strains were shown to be less toxic than the Chinese dominant strains. If pine seedlings are inoculated with both bacterial and aseptic pine wood nematodes, American dominant bacterial strains present less pathogenicity than the Chinese dominant bacterial strains. In particular, Smal‐007 and Rrad‐006 show the lowest pathogenicity. If pine seedlings are inoculated with both bacterial and wild pine wood nematodes, American dominant bacterial strains significantly reduce the pathogenicity of wild pine wood nematodes isolated from Zhejiang Province, China. The effects of Smal‐007 and Rrad‐006 are confirmed as the most prominent. The American dominant strains Smal‐007 and Rrad‐006 satisfy two main requirements: excellent repulsion performance and low pathogenicity. Therefore, they can be used as candidate strains for biocontrol bacteria.
Glycaemic and insulinaemic responses of adult healthy warm‐blooded mares following feeding with Jerusalem artichoke meal
Authors: Glatter M. , Bochnia M. , Goetz F. , Gottschalk J. , Koeller G. , Mielenz N. , Hillegeist D. , Greef J. M. , Einspanier A. , Zeyner A. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the impact of the supplementation of a pre‐biotic compound [Jerusalem artichoke meal (JAM)] on the glycaemic and insulinaemic response in healthy, non‐obese warm‐blooded horses. Six adult mares [mean body weight (bwt) 529 ± 38.7 kg; body condition score 5.1 ± 0.49/9] were used. In two equal meals per day, the horses received crushed oat grains (1 g starch/kg bwt per day) and meadow hay (2 kg/100 kg bwt per day) which together were likely to meet the energy recommendation for light work (GfE,). Additionally, they received either 0.15 g fructo‐oligosaccharides and inulin (FOS+INU)/kg bwt per day via commercial JAM or maize cob meal without grains as control (CON) in 2 × 3‐week periods according to a crossover design. Blood was collected on d21 of the feeding period at different ante‐ and postprandial (PP) time points (−60, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min), and the plasma glucose and serum insulin levels were determined. FeedingJAMvs.CONdid not change thePPpeak of glucose or insulin (glucose: 6.3 ± 0.40 vs. 7.0 ± 0.87 mmol/l; insulin: 0.508 ± 0.087 vs. 0.476 ± 0.082 nmol/l) nor did it cause differentAUCs until 120 and 300 minPPfor glucose and insulin, respectively (AUC120, glucose: 997 ± 41.6 vs. 1015 ± 41.63 mmol/l per minute, insulin: 49 ± 6.3 vs. 42 ± 6.3 nmol/l per minute;AUC300, glucose: 1943 ± 142.3 vs. 2115 ± 142.3 mmol/l per minute, insulin: 94 ± 14.8 vs. 106 ± 14.8 nmol/l per minute; p > 0.05). FollowingJAMvs.CONfeeding, glucose and insulin levels declined more rapidly until 240 minPPand tended to be lower (p = 0.053 and p = 0.056, respectively) at this time point. This result might be promising and should further be studied more detailed.
Vitamin D metabolism in growing pigs: influence of UVB irradiation and dietary vitamin D supply on calcium homeostasis, its regulation and bone metabolism
Authors: Kolp E. , Wilkens M. R. , Pendl W. , Eichenberger B. , Liesegang A. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to prove whether pigs are able to synthesize vitamin D (vitD) in the skin and to investigate the influence of ultraviolet irradiation (UVB) on vitD status and calcium (Ca) homeostasis of growing pigs. Thirty‐two 11‐week‐old pigs were kept without access to sunlight and divided into four groups receiving the following treatment in a 2 × 2 factorial design: (i) UVB irradiation or not and (ii) vitD in feed or not. Blood, urine and faeces were sampled every third week. In serum, vitD metabolites, Ca, phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and bone markers were analysed. Digestibility of Ca, P and Mg as well as urinary excretion of these minerals was analysed. After 14 weeks, the animals were slaughtered, and samples of skin, intestines, kidneys and bones (metatarsus) were taken for further analyses: sterols of vitD synthesis in the skin, Ca flux rates in the intestines, expression of genes involved in Ca transport in the intestines and kidneys, bone mineral density (BMD) with the aid of peripheral quantitative computer tomography and bone mineral content by ashing the metatarsus. Irradiated animals showed higher levels of 7‐dehydrocholesterol and tachysterol in the skin, higher levels of 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol in the serum and higher Ca net flux rates were determined in Ussing chambers. In contrast, the expression of genes involved in Ca transport in the intestines and kidneys was not altered. Similarly, the digestibility of Ca and P as well as the urinary excretion was not affected. With respect to the metatarsus, no differences in mineral contents and BMD were found between groups. At the end of the study, some subclinical signs of beginning vitD ‘insufficiency’ were observed in the group without access to vitD (represented by higher expression of 1α‐hydroxylase in the kidney and increased parathyroid hormone in serum).
Recovery of insulin sensitivity and optimal body composition after rapid weight loss in obese dogs fed a high‐protein medium‐carbohydrate diet
Authors: André A. , Leriche I. , Chaix G. , Thorin C. , Burger M. , Nguyen P. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis study investigated the effects of an experimental high‐protein medium‐carbohydrate diet (protein level, 46% metabolizable energy, ME). First, postprandial plasma glucose and insulin kinetics were determined in steady‐state overweight/obese Beagle dogs (28%–41% excess body weight) for an experimental high‐protein medium‐carbohydrate diet (protein level, 46% ME) and a commercial high‐carbohydrate medium‐protein diet (protein level, 24%ME) in obese dogs. Secondly, all the dogs were included in a weight loss programme. They were fed the high‐protein medium‐carbohydrate diet, and the energy allocation was gradually reduced until they reached their optimal body weight. Insulin sensitivity and body composition were evaluated before and after weight loss using a euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamp and the deuterium oxide dilution technique respectively. For statistical analysis, linear mixed effect models were used with a significance level of 5%. Postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were substantially lower with the high‐protein medium‐carbohydrate diet than the high‐carbohydrate medium‐protein diet. These differences can be explained mainly by the difference in carbohydrate content between the two diets. Energy restriction (35% lower energy intake than in the obese state) resulted in a 2.23 ± 0.05% loss in body weight/week, and the dogs reached their optimal body weight in 12–16 weeks. Weight loss was associated with a significant increase in insulin sensitivity. The high‐protein medium‐carbohydrate diet allowed fat‐free mass preservation despite a relatively high rate of weekly weight loss. The increase in insulin sensitivity indicated improved control of carbohydrate metabolism, possible due to weight loss and to the nature of the diet. Thus, a high‐protein medium‐carbohydrate diet is a good nutritional solution for managing the weight of overweight dogs. This diet may improve glycaemic control, which could be beneficial for preventing or managing impaired glucose tolerance in obese dogs and for safe and successful weight loss while preserving lean body mass.
Evaluation of Serum 3‐Bromotyrosine Concentrations in Dogs with Steroid‐Responsive Diarrhea and Food‐Responsive Diarrhea
Authors: Sattasathuchana P. , Allenspach K. , Lopes R. , Suchodolski J.S. , Steiner J.M. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe clinical usefulness of serum 3‐BrY concentrations for subclassifying dogs with food‐responsive diarrhea (FRD) and steroid‐responsive diarrhea (SRD) has not been studied.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare serum 3‐BrY concentrations in dogs withFRD, dogs withSRD, and healthy control dogs.Animals38 dogs withFRD, 14 dogs withSRD, and 46 healthy dogs.MethodsProspective study. Measurement of 3‐BrY concentration in serum samples was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.ResultsThere was no association of peripheral eosinophilia in dogs withFRD,SRD, and healthy control dogs (P= 0.069). There was no significant correlation between peripheral eosinophil counts and serum 3‐BrY concentrations (ρ = −0.15,P= 0.13). Serum 3‐BrY concentrations in dogs withSRD(median [range] = 3.27, 0.9–26.23 μmol/L) were significantly higher than in dogs withFRD(median [range] = 0.99, 0.62–8.82 μmol/L;P= 0.007) or in healthy dogs (median [range] = 0.62, 0.62–1.79 μmol/L;P< 0.001). Also, serum 3‐BrY concentrations in dogs withFRDwere significantly higher than in healthy dogs (P= 0.025). There was no significant correlation between the canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index and serum 3‐BrY concentrations (ρ = 0.17,P= 0.23).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMeasurement of serum 3‐BrY concentrations, but not the peripheral eosinophil count, is helpful for detecting dogs withSRDandFRD.
Role of parasite transmission in promoting inbreeding: II. Pedigree reconstruction reveals sib‐transmission and consequent kin‐mating
Authors: Detwiler Jillian T. , Criscione Charles D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEven though parasitic flatworms are one of the most species‐rich groups of hermaphroditic organisms, we know virtually nothing of their mating systems (selfing or kin‐mating rates) in nature. Hence, we lack an understanding of the role of inbreeding in parasite evolution. The natural mating systems of parasitic flatworms have remained elusive due to the inherent difficulty in generating progeny‐array data in many parasite systems. New developments in pedigree reconstruction allow direct inference of realized selfing rates in nature by simply using a sample of genotyped individuals. We built upon this advancement by utilizing the closed mating systems, that is, individual hosts, of endoparasites. In particular, we created a novel means to use pedigree reconstruction data to estimate potential kin‐mating rates. With data from natural populations of a tapeworm, we demonstrated how our newly developed methods can be used to test for cosibling transmission and inbreeding depression. We then showed how independent estimates of the two mating system components, selfing and kin‐mating rates, account for the observed levels of inbreeding in the populations. Thus, our results suggest that these natural parasite populations are in inbreeding equilibrium. Pedigree reconstruction analyses along with the new companion methods we developed will be broadly applicable across a myriad of parasite species. As such, we foresee that a new frontier will emerge wherein the diverse life histories of flatworm parasites could be utilized in comparative evolutionary studies to broadly address ecological factors or life history traits that drive mating systems and hence inbreeding in natural populations.