bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft Law’s Increasing Clout
Authors: Lashyn Serhii 
Published: September 2024

The non-binding nature of soft law is rather self-evident, yet, its influence is growing, as reflected in the recent Jemerak case, decided on 5 September 2024. While the judges in Luxembourg explicitly stated that the Commission’s guidance document had no effect on their interpretation of Union law whatsoever, their decision de facto indirectly reviewed that document. I argue that the Jemerak case exemplifies the growing significance of soft law.
PEMBERDAYAAN IBU-IBU PKK DI DESA SUKA DAMAI TIMUR MELALUI PEMBUATAN TAS ECOPRINT TANAMAN DESA
Authors: Ismi Hamidah Rasyad  , Putri Ardina  , Laila Salsabina S  , Salsabila Saragih  , Rina Widyasari  
Published: September 2024

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan penghasilan sumber daya alam yang melimpah. Mustahil jika sumber daya alam yang ada di negara ini tidak dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan ekonomi warga negara Indonesia. Melihat kekayaan alam Indonesia yang lebih banyak di manfaatkan oleh orang luar negeri hingga yang tersisa bagi rakyat hanya puing puing nya contoh nya sumber daya Alam berupa emas yang berada di Indonesia timur sangat lah berpotensi untuk memberikan lebih penghasilan kepada warga sekitar namun faktanya yang terlihat warga sekitar malah mengalami kemiskinan yang hampir merata salah satu penyebab nya yaitu karena warga sekitar tidak tahu cara mengelola sumber daya alam yang ada di sekitar karena tidak ada nya pelatihan yang diberikan sehingga oknum oknum tertentu memanfaatkan hal tersebut. Melihat kejadian ini mahasiswa KKN kelompok 145 universitas Islam negeri Sumatera Utara membuat program kerja memberikan pelatihan kepada masyarakat Desa suka damai timur kecamatan hinai Langkat dengan membawa tema pemberdayaan ibu ibu PKK desa suka damai timur kecamatan hinai Langkat melalui pembuatan ecoprint dengan memanfaatkan tanaman tanaman desa. Dalam Kegiatan workshop yang dilakukan pada 20 Agustus 2024, di Aula Kantor Desa Suka Damai Timur, kami menghadirkan materi mengenai teknik dasar ecoprint, pemilihan dedaunan lokal, proses pembuatan, hingga pemasaran produk. Melalui workshop ini, Ibu-Ibu PKK memperoleh keterampilan baru dalam memanfaatkan bahan-bahan alami yang mudah ditemukan di sekitar mereka, seperti dedaunan lokal, untuk menghasilkan produk kreatif yang memiliki nilai jual tinggi.
De l’écriture mondaine à l’écriture moraliste : regard critique et changement d’éthos chez Sévigné
Authors: Gérard Louise 
Published: September 2024

Dans cet article, nous entendons montrer la pluralité des postures critiques de Sévigné, pluralité que certaines lettres condensent à la manière d’un échafaudage. Le texte sévignéen accueille en effet, comme beaucoup de correspondances, la densité d’une existence : celle d’une actrice – négociant son pouvoir dans le monde réel ; et d’une autrice – élaborant un texte. Ce sont deux tendances d’une même écriture qui observe et juge le monde. Les deux premières parties de notre article sont consacrées à l’analyse de ces deux postures d’épistolière. L’une, mondaine et normative, arrime la lettre à l’action contemporaine ; l’autre, moraliste et philosophique, élargit le cercle des lecteurs possibles, et ainsi élargit le champ d’action de la lettre. Dans une troisième partie, nous analysons la manière dont s’articulent ces deux éthos critiques, à l’aune d’un extrait de la lettre du 5 janvier 1674. Il s’agit pour nous de mieux comprendre les points de passage entre persiflage, satire et réflexivité philosophique. En ce sens la lettre sévignéenne se révèle le genre adéquat pour penser la continuité de ces registres critiques.
Disulfides as Sulfonylating Precursors for the Synthesis of Sulfone‐Containing Oxindoles
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Zhong , Ji Peng‐Yi , Liu Yu‐Feng , Xu Jing‐Wen , Guo Can‐Cheng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe first facile one‐pot synthesis of sulfone‐containing oxindoles with easily accessible disulfides as the sulfonylating precursors is described. This reaction occurs smoothly under transition metal‐free conditions and shows excellent functional group tolerance, allowing the facile and efficient green synthesis of various sulfone‐containing oxindoles in aqueous solution. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that both water (H2O) and potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) can be the oxygen source of the sulfone groups in the products.magnified image
Impacts of Increased Corn Ethanol Production on Price Asymmetry and Market Linkages in Fed Cattle Markets
Authors: Han Sungill , Chung Chanjin , Surathkal Prasanna 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis study compares price transmission behaviors between pre‐ and post‐EPA (Energy Policy Act) periods to investigate the impact of increased production of corn ethanol on price transmission behaviors between five regional fed cattle markets in the United States: Colorado, Iowa‐Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska, and Texas‐Oklahoma. Econometric models used in this study consider potential nonlinearity and asymmetry in price transmissions using threshold autoregression and threshold error correction methods, and generalized impulse response functions. Overall, the surge of corn ethanol production after the EPA enactment appears to lead lower integration and slower price adjustment between markets, particularly between noncorn‐belt and corn‐belt markets. Our analysis also finds strong evidence of the existence of threshold effects and limited evidence of asymmetric price responses in the short and long run for both pre‐ and post‐EPA periods. [EconLit citations: C32, Q13].
Fulminant neuromyelitis optica in a Finnish woman – a case report
Authors: Kaivorinne Anna‐Lotta , Lintunen Janne , Baumann Peter 
Published: July 2016

Key Clinical MessageNeuromyelitis optica is a rare inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that predominantly targets the optic nerves and spinal cord. Our case represents an unusual and severe course of neuromyelitis optica. Despite several forms of treatment, our patient died after a severe and short‐term attack.
Concise Synthesis of Astellatol Core Skeleton
Authors: Zhao Nan , Xie Shengling , Chen Gui , Xu Jing 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA ten‐step, enantiospecific synthesis of the highly challenging core skeleton of sesterterpenoid astellatol has been achieved. Key transformations of this strategy include a facile, convergent construction of the tricyclic motif and a SmI2‐induced reductive radical cyclization that forms the pivotal cyclobutane ring.
Long‐Term River Icing Dynamics in Discontinuous Permafrost, Subarctic Canadian Shield
Authors: Morse P. D. , Wolfe S. A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIcing development in the subarctic Canadian Shield is statistically related to antecedent autumn rainfall and periodic warming intervals in winter. Here, we integrate observations of streamflow, meteorology, and river icing dynamics at the Baker Creek Research Basin, Northwest Territories. We demonstrate that icing development is concordant with winter runoff yield, which is influenced by antecedent autumn rainfall as part of a storage threshold‐mediated hydrologic regime that is characteristic of Canadian Shield hydrology. Icing development in Baker Creek typically occurs only if winter runoff is accompanied by frequent warming intervals. Icing dynamics in Baker Creek may now be largely controlled by air temperatures, since runoff in winter has been common since 1997. © 2016 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Permafrost and Periglacial © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
III.—Multiplicative Ideal Theory and Rings of Quotients. I.
Authors: Findlay George D. 
Published: July 2016

SynopsisBy means of a generalized ring of quotients multiplicative ideal theory is studied in an arbitrary (associative) ring. A suitable generalization of the concept of maximal order is given and factorization theorems are obtained for the nonsingular (two sided) ideals, which generalize the theorems of Artin and E. Noether.
Modelling N and Dry Matter Partitioning between Leaf and Stem of Wheat under Varying N Supply
Authors: Ratjen A. M. , Kage H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe fraction of dry matter and nitrogen (N) allocated to leaves is of high importance for wheat crop simulators, because it has an impact on N demand, evapotranspiration, light interception and light use efficiency. For the vegetative phase of wheat, a robust empiric description of the influence of N nutrition status (NNI) on this pattern is still pending. We investigated the influence of NNI on leaf: stem partitioning of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), until end of leaf growth. The evaluation based on N rate experiments (0–320 kg N ha−1) from three subsequent seasons (2003/4 to 2005/6), with five modern bread wheat cultivars, carried out near Kiel (northern Germany). A previously published model was adapted for describing the influence of NNI on dry matter partitioning. Starting from the allometric leaf: stem relationship of situations with NNI ≥1, a correction term was used, to describe the partitioning under varying N supply. The correction term assumes a linear increase of the stem fraction, proportional to the difference between a NNI threshold and actual NNI. The allometric partitioning was found to shift towards stem fraction, if the NNI falls below 1.38. The slope of the relative increase was determined with 0.6. Both dimensionless parameters of the correction term were found to be highly significant. The second aim was to quantify how N status impacts the N allocation between shoot organs. Dry matter‐based N dilution curves were fitted for stem (plateau power) and leaf (plateau linear), for situations with sufficient N supply (NNI ≥1). The ‘expected’ shoot N demand was calculated as a function of observed dry matter and N dilution for both organs. The N deficit was defined as difference between expected and observed shoot N. Plotting stem against shoot N deficit reveals that 63 % of the shoot deficit was allocated to the stem (R2 = 0.98). Implications for crop modelling are discussed.
Occupational Segregation and the (Mis)allocation of Talent
Authors: Pothier David 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, I study how occupational segregation affects the allocation of talent in a competitive labour market. I propose a model of occupational choice in which heterogeneous workers must rely on their social contacts to acquire job‐vacancy information. While occupational segregation implies benefits in terms of job‐finding probability, it also leads to allocative inefficiencies. Efficient and equilibrium outcomes differ due to a network externality that leads workers to segregate too little, and a pecuniary externality that leads workers to segregate too much. Which effect dominates depends on the elasticity of wages to changes in the degree of occupational segregation.
Multiple-scattering microfacet BSDFs with the Smith model
Authors: Heitz Eric , Hanika Johannes , d'Eon Eugene , Dachsbacher Carsten 
Published: July 2016

Modeling multiple scattering in microfacet theory is considered an important open problem because a non-negligible portion of the energy leaving rough surfaces is due to paths that bounce multiple times. In this paper we derive the missing multiple-scattering components of the popular family of BSDFs based on the Smith microsurface model. Our derivations are based solely on the original assumptions of the Smith model. We validate our BSDFs using raytracing simulations of explicit random Beckmann surfaces.
Our main insight is that the microfacet theory for surfaces with the Smith model can be derived as a special case of the microflake theory for volumes, with additional constraints to enforce the presence of a sharp interface, i.e. to transform the volume into a surface. We derive new free-path distributions and phase functions such that plane-parallel scattering from a microvolume with these distributions exactly produces the BSDF based on the Smith microsurface model, but with the addition of higher-order scattering.
With this new formulation, we derive multiple-scattering micro-facet BSDFs made of either diffuse, conductive, or dielectric material. Our resulting BSDFs are reciprocal, energy conserving, and support popular anisotropic parametric normal distribution functions such as Beckmann and GGX. While we do not provide closed-form expressions for the BSDFs, they are mathematically well-defined and can be evaluated at arbitrary precision. We show how to practically use them with Monte Carlo physically based rendering algorithms by providing analytic importance sampling and unbiased stochastic evaluation. Our implementation is analytic and does not use per-BSDF precomputed data, which makes our BSDFs usable with textured albedos, roughness, and anisotropy.
Rain Type Classification Algorithm Module for GPM Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar
Authors: Awaka Jun , Le Minda , Chandrasekar V. , Yoshida Naofumi , Higashiuwatoko Tomohiko , Kubota Takuji , Iguchi Toshio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) algorithms consist of modules. This paper describes version 4 (V4) of GPM DPR level 2 (L2) classification (CSF) modules, which consist of two single-frequency (SF) modules—that is, Ku-only and Ka-only modules—and a dual-frequency (DF) module. Each CSF module detects bright band (BB) and classifies rain into three major types, that is, stratiform, convective, and other. The Ku-only and Ka-only CSF modules use algorithms that are similar to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rain type classification algorithm 2A23. The DF CSF module uses a new method called the measured dual-frequency ratio (DFRm) method for the rain type classification and the detection of BB. It is shown that the Ku-only CSF module and the DF CSF module produce almost indistinguishable rain type counts in a statistical sense. It is also shown that the DFRm method in the DF CSF module improves the detection of BB.
Desain Sistem Rumah Cerdas berbasis Topologi Mesh dan Protokol Wireless Sensor Network yang Efisien
Authors: Adiono Trio , Putra Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana , Fathany Maulana Yusuf , Adijarto Waskita 
Published: July 2016

Dalam publikasi ini, kami mengusulkan sistem rumah cerdas berdasarkan dua pendekatan. Pendekatan pertama adalah arsitektur bertopologi mesh dan yang kedua adalah protokol Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) yang efisien. Sistem ini memiliki dua lingkungan kerja, indoor dan outdoor. Lingkungan indoor menggunakan sistem WSN, sedangkan lingkungan luar menggunakan sistem internet-cloud. Skema ini dikenal sebagai Internet-of-Things (IoT). Lingkungan indoor dan outdoor terhubung satu sama lain dengan menggunakan suatu jembatan penghubung. Sistem WSN dibentuk dari komponen-komponen WSN yang menggunakan topologi mesh. Setiap komponen dari WSN dirancang untuk mengimplementasikan protokol data efisien yang diusulkan. Untuk lingkungan outdoor, sistem internet-cloud yang ada adalah infrastruktur utama. Dengan demikian, sistem rumah cerdas ini dapat dipantau dan dikendalikan dari ponsel cerdas, kapan saja dan di mana saja, selama akses mobile data tersedia. Untuk evaluasi sistem, beberapa tes telahdilakukan untuk mendapatkan profil sistem.
Synthesis and Properties of Dioctyl Diphenyl Ether Disulfonate Gemini Surfactant
Authors: Jiao Tiliu , Liu Xiaochen , Wang Xiaoyu , Niu Jinping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe surfactants dioctyl diphenyl ether disulfonate gemini (C8-DADS) and monohexadecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate (C16-MADS) were synthesized by Friedel-Crafts alkylation, followed by sulfonation and neutralization. Sulfated zirconia was prepared by the impregnation method and used to catalyze the alkylation reaction. Equilibrium surface tension measurements show that C8-DADS has a lower critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at CMC (γcmc) and minimum area per molecule (Amin), higher efficiency of adsorption at the surface (pC20) than C16-MADS, implying that C8-DADS has a higher surface activity. The emulsifying ability of C8-DADS is better than that of C16-MADS. The salinity and hardness tolerance property of C16-MADS is superior to that of C8-DADS.
Dyadisches Coping und Partnerschaftszufriedenheit bei verschiedenen Liebesstilen
Authors: Gagliardi Simona , Bodenmann Guy , Heinrichs Nina 
Published: July 2016

In the last forty years, many attempts were made to approach the complexity of “love” as a research topic. In 1973, Lee developed a typology of six different love styles: Eros (passionate love), Ludus (game-playing love), Storge (friendship love), Pragma (logical, “shopping list” love), Mania (possessive, dependent love) and Agape (all-giving, selfless love). The present study examines the association between love styles and dyadic coping. 154 couples were assessed on a variety of relationship measures. Our findings indicated that Eros is most strongly associated with dyadic coping and predictive both for the positive and for the negative dyadic coping. For men Agape turned out to be predictive for the positive dyadic coping and Pragma appeared as a predictor for the negative dyadic coping. Only for women, Ludus proved to be predictive for negative dyadic coping and Pragma turned out to be predictive for positive dyadic coping. Implications for counselling, couple therapy and future research are being discussed.
Zusammenfassung
In den letzten vierzig Jahren wurden viele Versuche unternommen, sich der Komplexität des Forschungsgegenstandes „Liebe“ anzunähern. Lee entwickelte 1973 ein Klassifikationssystem und unterschied sechs Liebesstile: Eros (die romantische Liebe), Ludus (die spielerische Liebe), Storge (die freundschaftliche Liebe), Mania (die besitzergreifende Liebe), Pragma (die pragmatische Liebe) und Agape (die altruistische Liebe). In dieser Studie wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Liebesstilen und der gemeinsamen Stressbewältigung analysiert. 154 Paare wurden zu ihrer Partnerschaft befragt. Die Resultate zeigten, dass Eros am stärksten mit dem dyadischen Coping assoziiert ist und prädiktiv sowohl für das positive als auch für das negative dyadische Coping ist. Bei den Männern erwies sich zudem Agape prädiktiv für das positive dyadische Coping und Pragma als Prädiktor für das negative dyadische Coping, während sich einzig bei den Frauen Ludus prädiktiv für das negative dyadische Coping und Pragma prädiktiv für das positive dyadische Coping erwies. Implikationen für die Beratung, Paartherapie und zukünftige Forschung werden diskutiert.
Influence of structure on release profile of acyclovir loaded polyurethane nanofibers: Monolithic and core/shell structures
Authors: Azizi Maryam , Seyed Dorraji Mir Saeed , Rasoulifard Mohammad Hossein 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, monolithic and core/shell polyurethane (PU) nanofibers were fabricated by single and coaxial electrospinning techniques, respectively. An antivirus drug, Acyclovir (ACY), was loaded on PU nanofibers. The physical condition and interaction of the loaded ACY within these nanofibers were studied by FTIR, XRD, DSC, SEM, and TEM. In vitro tests exhibited an obvious difference in the release pattern between monolithic and core/shell nanofibers and burst release in monolithic nanofibers could be controlled by core/shell structure. Release profile was found to follow Korsmeyere‐Peppas model with Fickian diffusion mechanism. Our study demonstrated that the ACY‐loaded core/shell nanofibers might serve as a device for drug delivery systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44073.
Morphology Tuning of Electrospun Liquid Crystal/Polymer Fibers
Authors: Wang Junren , Jákli Antal , West John L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper elucidates the means to control precisely the morphology of electrospun liquid crystal/polymer fibers formed by phase separation. The relative humidity, solution parameters (concentration, solvent), and the process parameter (feed rate) were varied systematically. We show that the morphology of the phase‐separated liquid crystal can be continuously tuned from capsules to uniform fibers with systematic formation of beads‐on‐a‐string structured fibers in the intermediate ranges. In all cases, the polymer forms a sheath around a liquid‐crystal (LC) core. The width of the polymer sheath and the diameter of the LC core increase with increasing feed rates. This is similar to the results obtained by coaxial electrospinning. Because these fibers retain the responsive properties of liquid crystals and because of their large surface area, they have potential applications as thermo‐, chemo‐, and biosensors. Because the size and shape of the liquid‐crystal domains will have a profound effect on the performance of the fibers, our ability to precisely control morphology will be crucial in developing these applications.
Why do ovigerous females approach courting males? Female preferences and sensory biases in a fiddler crab
Authors: Chou Chun‐Chia , Backwell Patricia R. Y. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPerceptual biases explain the origin and evolution of female preference in many species. Some responses that mediate mate choice, however, may have never been used in nonmating contexts. In the fiddler crab, Uca mjoebergi, mate‐searching females prefer faster wave rates and leading wave; however, it remains unclear whether such responses evolved in a mating context (i.e., the preference has effect on the fitness of the female and her offspring that arise from mating with a particular male) or a nonmating contexts (i.e., a female obtains direct benefits through selecting the male with a more detectable trait). Here, we compared the preferences of mate‐searching with those of ovigerous females that are searching for a burrow and do not concern about male “quality.” Results showed that as both mate‐searching and ovigerous females preferentially approached robotic males with faster wave rates. This suggests that wave rate increases detectability/locatability of males, but the mating preference for this trait is unlikely to evolve in the mating context (although it may currently function in mate choice), as it does not provide fitness‐related benefit to females or her offspring. Wave leadership, in contract, was attractive to mate‐searching females, but not ovigerous females, suggesting that female preference for leadership evolves because wave leadership conveys information about male quality. We provide not only an empirical evidence of sensory biases (in terms of the preference for faster wave), but the first experimental evidence that mating context can be the only selection force that mediates the evolution of male sexual traits and female preference (in terms of the preference for leading wave).