bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal Blood Flow Velocity Change in Parafoveal Capillary after Topical Tafluprost Treatment in Eyes with Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Iida Yuto , Akagi Tadamichi , Nakanishi Hideo , Ohashi Ikeda Hanako , Morooka Satoshi , Suda Kenji , Hasegawa Tomoko , Yokota Satoshi , Yoshikawa Munemitsu , Uji Akihito , Yoshimura Nagahisa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough ocular circulation at the retina and optic disc is known to be associated with the pathology of glaucoma, direct measurement of blood flow velocity has been difficult to obtain. This prospective observational study enrolled 11 consecutive patients with treatment-naïve primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 11 healthy subjects, and the effects of topical tafluprost treatment on ocular circulation were examined at baseline and at 1, 4, and 12 weeks after initiating treatment with topical tafluprost on POAG patients using multiple modalities, which include adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO). Baseline mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly higher and mean parafoveal blood flow velocity (pBFV) was significantly lower in POAG eyes than in healthy eyes. Mean IOP was significantly decreased (1 week, −19.1%; 4 weeks, −17.7%; and 12 weeks, −23.5%; all P < 0.001) and mean pBFV was significantly increased from the baseline at all follow-up periods after initiating treatment (1 week, 14.9%, P = 0.007; 4 weeks, 21.3%, P < 0.001; and 12 weeks, 14.3%, P = 0.002). These results reveal that tafluprost may not only lower IOP but may also improve retinal circulation in POAG eyes and AOSLO may be useful to evaluate retinal circulatory change after treatment.
Characterisation of preproendothelin-1 derived peptides identifies Endothelin-Like Domain Peptide as a modulator of Endothelin-1
Authors: Yuzugulen Jale , Douthwaite Julie A. , Wood Elizabeth G. , Villar Inmaculada C. , Patel Nimesh S. A. , Jegard James , Gaertner Hubert , Rossitto-Borlat Irène , Rose Keith , Hartley Oliver , Cutillas Pedro R. , Ahluwalia Amrita , Corder Roger 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEndothelin-1 (ET-1) is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac and renal diseases, and in the progression of tumour growth in cancer, but current diagnosis and treatment remain inadequate. Peptides derived from the 212 amino acid precursor preproendothelin-1 (ppET-1) may have utility as biomarkers, or cause biological effects that are unaffected by endothelin receptor antagonists. Here, we used specific immunoassays and LC-MS/MS to identify NT-proET-1 (ppET-1[18–50]), Endothelin-Like Domain Peptide (ELDP, ppET-1[93–166]) and CT-proET-1 (ppET-1[169–212]) in conditioned media from cultured endothelial cells. Synthesis of these peptides correlated with ET-1, and plasma ELDP and CT-proET-1 were elevated in patients with chronic heart failure. Clearance rates of NT-proET-1, ELDP and CT-proET-1 were determined afteri.v. injection in anaesthetised rats. CT-proET-1 had the slowest systemic clearance, hence providing a biological basis for it being a better biomarker of ET-1 synthesis. ELDP contains the evolutionary conserved endothelin-like domain sequence, which potentially confers biological activity. On isolated arteries ELDP lacked direct vasoconstrictor effects. However, it enhanced ET-1 vasoconstriction and prolonged the increase in blood pressure in anaesthetised rats. ELDP may therefore contribute to disease pathogenesis by augmenting ET-1 responses.
Ultraviolet GaN Light-Emitting Diodes with Porous-AlGaN Reflectors
Authors: Fan Feng-Hsu , Syu Zun-Yao , Wu Chia-Jung , Yang Zhong-Jie , Huang Bo-Song , Wang Guan-Jhong , Lin Yung-Sen , Chen Hsiang , Hauer Kao Chyuan , Lin Chia-Feng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA GaN/AlGaN ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) structure with a porous AlGaN reflector structure has been demonstrated. Inside the UV-LED, the n+-AlGaN/undoped-AlGaN stack structure was transformed into a porous-AlGaN/undoped-AlGaN stack structure through a doping-selective electrochemical etching process. The reflectivity of the porous AlGaN reflector was 93% at 374 nm with a stop-bandwidth of 35 nm. In an angle-dependent reflectance measurement, the central wavelength of the porous AlGaN reflector had blueshift phenomenon by increasing light-incident angle from 10° to 50°. A cut-off wavelength was observed at 349 nm due to the material absorption of the porous-AlGaN/u-AlGaN stack structure. In the treated UV-LED structure, the photoluminescence emission wavelength was measured at 362 nm with a 106° divergent angle covered by the porous-AlGaN reflector. The light output power of the treated UV-LED structure was higher than that of the non-treated UV-LED structure due to the high light reflectance on the embedded porous AlGaN reflector.
An in situ and ex situ TEM study into the oxidation of titanium (IV) sulphide
Authors: Long Edmund , O’Brien Sean , Lewis Edward A. , Prestat Eric , Downing Clive , Cucinotta Clotilde S. , Sanvito Stefano , Haigh Sarah J. , Nicolosi Valeria 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTitanium (IV) sulphide (TiS2) is a layered transition metal dichalcogenide, which we exfoliate using liquid phase exfoliation. TiS2 is a candidate for being part of a range of future technologies. These applications are varied, and include supercapacitor and battery energy storage devices, catalytic substrates and the splitting of water. The driving force behind our interest was as a material for energy storage devices. Here we investigate a potential failure mechanism for such devices, namely oxidation and subsequent loss of sulphur. This degradation is important to understand, since these applications are highly property-dependent, and changes to the chemistry will result in changes in desired properties. Two approaches to study oxidisation were taken: ex situ oxidation by water and oxygen at room temperature and in situ oxidation by a 5% O2/Ar gas at elevated temperatures. Both sources of oxygen resulted in oxidation of the starting TiS2 flakes, with differing morphologies. Water produced amorphous oxide slowly growing in from the edge of the flakes. Oxygen gas at ≥375 °C produced crystalline oxide, with a range of structures due to oxidation initiating from various regions of the observed flakes.
An ab initio electronic transport database for inorganic materials
Authors: Ricci Francesco , Chen Wei , Aydemir Umut , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Rignanese Gian-Marco , Jain Anubhav , Hautier Geoffroy 
Published: July 2017

AbstractElectronic transport in materials is governed by a series of tensorial properties such as conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and effective mass. These quantities are paramount to the understanding of materials in many fields from thermoelectrics to electronics and photovoltaics. Transport properties can be calculated from a material’s band structure using the Boltzmann transport theory framework. We present here the largest computational database of electronic transport properties based on a large set of 48,000 materials originating from the Materials Project database. Our results were obtained through the interpolation approach developed in the BoltzTraP software, assuming a constant relaxation time. We present the workflow to generate the data, the data validation procedure, and the database structure. Our aim is to target the large community of scientists developing materials selection strategies and performing studies involving transport properties.
Anatomical Segmentectomy with a Hybrid VATS Approach in a Patient with Intralobar Pulmonary Sequestration after Severe Pneumonia: A Case Report
Authors: Shibuya Soichi , Nakamura Toru , Miyazaki Eiji 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAnatomical segmentectomy is an advantageous procedure because it spares healthy lung that has potential to show compensatory growth after lung resection and decreases the risk of air leak and residual resection, which becomes a problem in wedge resection. However, anatomical segmentectomy has not become a common procedure in pediatrics because it requires more complicated procedure than lobectomy or wedge resection, especially in patients with a history of pulmonary infection. In this case report, anatomical basal segmentectomy was safely performed with magnified vision by a hybrid video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) approach in a 6-year-old girl with intralobar pulmonary sequestration after severe pneumonia. The result suggests that the indications for hybrid VATS segmentectomy can expand further to include segmental lesions in children.
Stentless Bioprostheses for Aortic Valve Replacement in Octogenarians: The Influence of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ennker Juergen , Zadeh Behnam , Pons-Kuehnemann Joern , Niemann Bernd , Grieshaber Philippe , Ennker Ina , Boening Andreas 
Published: July 2017

Background We sought to determine the long-term results of stentless biological heart valve replacement in octogenarians to find out whether coronary artery disease or the coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedure itself influences survival in these aged patients.
Methods From 4,012 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) with a stentless prosthesis (Freestyle, Medtronic) at a single center, 721 patients were older than 80 years. They had a mean age of 83 ±  2 (2,320 patient years), the male/female ratio was 42:58, NYHA (New York Heart Association) class I and II was prevalent in 22.8%, preoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) in 20.6%, coronary artery disease in 56.1%, mitral valve disease in 12.5%, and aortic disease in 3.5%. Follow-up included a total of 11,546 patient years (mean follow-up time: 74 ± 53 months); follow-up mortality data were 96.3% complete.
Results In these aged patients, 30-day mortality in the isolated AVR group (10.3%) was similar to that in the AVR + CABG group (13.4%). Although long-term survival (15 years) in the octogenarian population is low (9% in the AVR group and 6% in the AVR + CABG group), it was not different (p = 0.191) between patients with and without coronary artery disease. The stroke rate and the myocardial infarction rate, respectively, in the AVR + CABG group (0.43%/100 patient years and 0.17%/100 patient years) were only insignificantly higher than that in the isolated AVR group (each 0.01%/100 patient years). The actuarial freedom from reoperation was 99% in both the groups.
Conclusion Use of the Freestyle stentless valve prosthesis for AVR is feasible also in octogenarians. The existence of coronary artery disease leads to concomitant bypass surgery, but not a higher level of perioperative or long-term mortality.
Sicherheitskultur und kritische Ereignisse in der Palliativversorgung
Authors: Müller-Busch H. 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungUnter der Annahme, dass – ähnlich wie in den USA – Irrtümer und Fehlbehandlungen auch bei uns in vielen Fällen als Todesursache angesehen werden müssen, zumindest aber die letzte Lebensphase und das Sterben in einem erheblichen Ausmaß mitbestimmen, stellen der Umgang mit Fehlern und Irrtümern bzw. die Fehlervermeidung auch für die Palliativversorgung eine bedeutsame Herausforderung dar. Da bis zu 90 % aller Patienten in ihrer letzten Lebensphase eine Betreuung bzw. Versorgung unter palliativen Gesichtspunkten benötigen, heißt das zunächst, den Blick auf Fehlbehandlungen zu schärfen, diese als solche zu erkennen und darüber zu kommunizieren. Um die Ursachenanalyse von kritischen Ereignissen und Fehlern in einem auf Vertrauen basierenden Miteinander zu ermöglichen, sollte weniger nach „Schuldigen“, sondern gemeinsam nach Lösungen gesucht werden. Verbesserungsvorschläge sind ernst zu nehmen, zu prüfen und konsequent umzusetzen. Die Prävention von Fehlern und die Identifikation von Schwachstellen sollte durch Schulungen und Einbeziehung des speziellen Wissens aller Beteiligten interdisziplinär und im Team systematisch gefördert werden. Fehlermanagement und Sicherheitskultur in der Palliativversorgung bedeutet, die Bedürfnisse, das Vertrauen und die Sicherheit des Patienten und der ihm Nahestehenden im Blick zu haben und dabei: 1. Wissensfehler, 2. Einstellungs- und Haltungsfehler, 3. prozedurale Verhaltens- und Handlungsfehler sowie 4. strukturelle und organisatorische Fehler zu differenzieren. Anstelle von individuellen Sanktionen bei festgestellten Fehlern oder kritischen Ereignissen sollten mehr Prävention und Verbesserungsmaßnahmen auf struktureller und prozeduraler Ebene angestrebt werden. Die meisten Berichte zu kritischen Ereignissen und Fehlern in der Palliativversorgung erfolgen auf der rein deskriptiven Ebene und beziehen sich auf Medikationsfehler bzw. ungenügende Kommunikation. Wenn kritische Ereignisse in Form von Fallkonferenzen bzw. der Analyse von Meldungen in anonymen Fehlermeldesystemen (CIRS-Systeme) konsequent im Team und ohne personale Schuldsuche und Schuldzuweisung analysiert und im Hinblick auf Fehlervermeidung konstruktiv behandelt werden, können sie als wichtiger Beitrag zur Patientensicherheit bzw. Risikoprävention und zur interprofessionellen Qualitätssicherung in der Medizin angesehen werden.
Race and surveillance in the settler colony: the case of Israeli rule over Palestine
Authors: Lentin Ronit 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article begins by outlining a three-pronged critical theory of the state of Israel as, following Giorgio Agamben, a state of exception, following David Theo Goldberg, a racial state, and, following Patrick Wolfe, a settler colony. Elia Zureik’s work on the role of surveillance used by the state of Israel in controlling the Palestinians both in Israel proper and in the territory occupied by Israel in 1967 is then outlined. Since theories of exception and settler colonialism often fail to specifically foreground race, the paper continues by following African American theorist Alexander Weheliye who critiques westocentric work on exception and biopolitics as not foregrounding race, placing race front and centre in this analysis of Israel’s war against the Palestinians. Following Zureik’s work on the centrality of surveillance to Israel’s racialized settler-colonial control of Palestine and its citizens, occupied and exiled populations and Agamben’s insistence that the line separating citizens and non-citizens is very thin indeed (2008), the article focuses on the extension of strategies of surveillance to Israel’s critics, including Israeli Jews, international critics and diaspora Jewish people. In conclusion, the article focuses on Israel’s highly funded surveillance campaign against supporters of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign, to demonstrate the crucial role played by discourses of security and practices of information gathering and harassment in maintaining what Patrick Wolfe has termed the Israeli settler colony’s “logic of elimination”, which, as he argued in his last book, is highly racialized. This paper is published as part of a collection on racism in counter-terrorism and surveillance discourse.
What can we learn from Occupy’s failure?
Authors: Ehrenberg John 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOccupy Wall Street was the first mass movement in many years to raise the issue of economic equality and political corruption. It spread rapidly through hundreds of American communities and changed the terms of political life. The reasons for its initial success, and for its ultimate failure, are profoundly important for political affairs and for the American left. Its initial success was a direct result of the silence of the nation’s voluntary organizations, political leaders and press in focusing attention on the stagnation of incomes and accompanying upward distribution of wealth that have permanently shaped American society for a generation. The incapacity or unwillingness of the political class, the press and “civil society” to raise this issue in a general and comprehensive fashion left the door open for a vigorous social movement to take the lead. Occupy Wall Street was that movement. But its ultimate failure was a function of its initial strength. Drawing power from a utopian and anarchistic impulse, OWS refused to engage with the established political system. Fearful of being coopted and of engaging with power, its leaders articulated three guiding principles that made it impossible for the movement to follow through on its original positions. Horizontalism, abstention from politics and prefiguration were decidedly antipolitical positions that were rooted in a moral stance and refused to engage with the established institutions of practical life. Having raised the issues of inequality and corruption in a particularly urgent and compelling fashion, OWS deliberately refused to do something about them. In the end, this refusal made common cause with the same forces that it had been denouncing. The Civil Rights, antiwar and women’s movements all understood the importance of addressing society as a whole and proposing comprehensive critiques that could mobilize large numbers of people. Their leaders knew how important political institutions and state power were, and their movement’s successes resulted from their willingness to act politically. OWS’s ultimate failure is an object lesson in how important it is to take positions, engage in debate, and fight for change. There is no substitute for organization, discipline, and authority in public life. Like it or not, existing institutions provide the only context for meaningful public action.
MRG15-mediated tethering of PALB2 to unperturbed chromatin protects active genes from genotoxic stress
Authors: Bleuyard Jean-Yves , Fournier Marjorie , Nakato Ryuichiro , Couturier Anthony M. , Katou Yuki , Ralf Christine , Hester Svenja S. , Dominguez Daniel , Rhodes Daniela , Humphrey Timothy C. , Shirahige Katsuhiko , Esashi Fumiko 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Partner and localiser of BRCA2 (PALB2) is a breast cancer susceptibility gene, and the role of its product in repairing broken chromosomes has been extensively described. However, a fraction of PALB2 is also found on intact chromosomes, and it is unknown how and why PALB2 associates with undamaged chromatin. In this study, we establish that the histone binding protein MRG15 is a major interaction partner of PALB2 and plays a key role in tethering PALB2 to active genes. Failure of PALB2 to interact with MRG15 leads to the accumulation of DNA stress at active genes and chromosome instability in dividing cells. These findings shed light on why patients with PALB2 mutations often develop genome instability syndromes, such as cancer.
Spontaneous fine-tuning to environment in many-species chemical reaction networks
Authors: Horowitz Jordan M. , England Jeremy L. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
A qualitatively more diverse range of possible behaviors emerge in many-particle systems once external drives are allowed to push the system far from equilibrium; nonetheless, general thermodynamic principles governing nonequilibrium pattern formation and self-assembly have remained elusive, despite intense interest from researchers across disciplines. Here, we use the example of a randomly wired driven chemical reaction network to identify a key thermodynamic feature of a complex, driven system that characterizes the “specialness” of its dynamical attractor behavior. We show that the network’s fixed points are biased toward the extremization of external forcing, causing them to become kinetically stabilized in rare corners of chemical space that are either atypically weakly or strongly coupled to external environmental drives.
Coherent alpha oscillations link current and future receptive fields during saccades
Authors: Neupane Sujaya , Guitton Daniel , Pack Christopher C. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Humans and other primates make frequent eye movements to inspect their surroundings. Consequently, stimuli that are stable in the environment are constantly changing position on the retina. One way for the brain to compensate for these changes is a mechanism called receptive field remapping, which allows individual neurons to encode the same object both before and after each saccade. Here, we provide a possible mechanism for remapping: Simultaneous recordings from cortical sites encoding the presaccadic and postsaccadic locations of a visual stimulus reveal coherent oscillations in the alpha frequency band. Because coherent oscillations are thought to play a role more generally in routing information within the brain, our findings provide a framework for understanding stable visual perception during eye movements.
Synergistic effects of treating the spinal cord and brain in CLN1 disease
Authors: Shyng Charles , Nelvagal Hemanth R. , Dearborn Joshua T. , Tyynelä Jaana , Schmidt Robert E. , Sands Mark S. , Cooper Jonathan D. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL, or infantile Batten disease) is a fatal childhood disease that devastates the brain. Trying to treat the brain alone has so far proved ineffective, so we looked for effects of the disease in other parts of the body. Unexpectedly, we found that the spinal cord is severely affected before the brain and contributes to disease outcome. Directing gene therapy to just the spinal cord of INCL mice can improve their disease. However, treating both the spinal cord and brain provides the most effective therapeutic strategy ever seen in this disease. This combined therapy returned INCL mice to a near-normal life span and dramatically improved their quality of life.
BAK α6 permits activation by BH3-only proteins and homooligomerization via the canonical hydrophobic groove
Authors: Li Mark Xiang , Tan Iris K. L. , Ma Stephen B. , Hockings Colin , Kratina Tobias , Dengler Michael A. , Alsop Amber E. , Kluck Ruth M. , Dewson Grant 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Apoptosis is crucial for immune system function and limiting tumor development. Because BAK and BAX are essential effectors of apoptosis, understanding how they are activated to form the oligomeric mitochondrial pores that kill cells is a major goal of the field. We define a requirement for two sites on mitochondrial BAK for its interaction with, and activation by, BCL-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only proteins during apoptosis and determine that binding of BH3-only proteins at a distal site promotes exposure of a canonical site to allow terminal BAK activation and homooligomerization. Additionally, we provide insight into how BAK and BAX kill cells, identifying that the oligomeric pore is limited to interactions between the BH3 domain and canonical groove and does not involve additional protein interfaces.
Observing a quantum Maxwell demon at work
Authors: Cottet Nathanaël , Jezouin Sébastien , Bretheau Landry , Campagne-Ibarcq Philippe , Ficheux Quentin , Anders Janet , Auffèves Alexia , Azouit Rémi , Rouchon Pierre , Huard Benjamin 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Maxwell’s demon plays a central role in thermodynamics of quantum information, yet a full experimental characterization is still missing in the quantum regime. Here we use superconducting circuits to realize a quantum Maxwell demon in which all thermodynamic quantities can be controlled and measured. Using power detection resolved at the single microwave photon level and unprecedented tomography techniques, we directly measure the extracted work while tracking the qubit and cavity entropies and energies. We are thus able to fully characterize the demon’s memory after the work extraction and show that it takes full part in the thermodynamic process. The experiment establishes superconducting circuits as a testbed well suited to perform quantum thermodynamics experiments.