bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caring and connecting with multilingual families through the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: McIntosh Kathryn , Buxton Cory , Patiño‐Cabrera Nelly , Ettenauer Barbara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study uses authentic cariño to explore a care and connect model in a case study of a single district in Teachers Educating All Multilingual Students (TEAMS), funded by a National Professional Development (NPD) grant. Along with ESOL/dual language licensure coursework, teachers in five districts engage in family–school–community partnerships to develop multilingual family engagement. COVID‐19 required urgent shifts in how teachers and districts reached families and offered services. Accordingly, the research question is as follows: How did TEAMS teachers' conceptions of caring and connecting to support multilingual family engagement shift in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic? Data included three teacher focus groups per district, interviews with facilitators and administrators, and individual teacher interviews. Case study was used across districts, but focusing particularly on one district with high percentages of teachers of color and low‐income multilingual families, the population hardest hit and dehumanized during COVID‐19. Analysis employed critical authentic cariño to explore teachers' authentic and aesthetic care that shifted over time—from focus on technologies and translators, pity, depersonalized objectives, and academic goals to warmer relationships, personalismo, relaxing together, reaching out, persistence, and advocacy. Results suggest ways to transform structures to better meet the needs of multilingual families by organizing around authentic care with families.
Management von Naturgefahren auf kommunaler Ebene. Ergebnisse einer Umfrage in Österreich mit Fokus auf kleinräumige Starkregen-Ereignisse
Authors: Ebenstreit Dominik , Periny Johann 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Ebene der Gemeinde spielt im österreichischen Krisen- und Katastrophenmanagement durch ihre Vielfalt der Aufgabenbereiche eine bedeutende Rolle. Als unmittelbar betroffene Wirkebene sind sie nicht nur für das Einschreiten im Ernstfall, sondern auch für die Umsetzung von Präventionsmaßnahmen zuständig. Dies trifft vor allem auf Starkregen-Ereignisse zu, welche durch ihr kleinräumiges Auftreten zumindest in der Anfangsphase des Einschreitens der kommunalen Ebene bedürfen. Durch ihr ubiquitäres Auftreten sind sie außerdem ein besonders taugliches Anschauungsbeispiel, um die Umsetzung des kommunalen Katastrophen‑, Krisen- und Naturgefahrenmanagements sowie dessen zukünftige Herausforderungen zu untersuchen. Auf Basis einer quantitativen Befragung österreichischer Gemeinden wurden diese Punkte näher beleuchtet. Die Analyse der Ergebnisse hat gezeigt, dass das Risikobewusstsein unter österreichischen Gemeinden hinsichtlich Starkregen-Ereignissen bereits sehr hoch ist. Die Maßnahmen, die bereits ergriffen wurden, beschränken sich aktuell oftmals noch auf inkrementelle Maßnahmen zur unmittelbaren Bekämpfung der Folgen von Starkregen-Ereignissen. Defizite konnten vor allem bei kommunikativen Maßnahmen sowie strategischen und mitigierenden Maßnahmen festgestellt werden. Als zentrale Herausforderung für die Zukunft wurden finanzielle wie auch personelle Ressourcen sowie das Fehlen von Know-how identifiziert. Durch statistische Analysen konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine engere interkommunale Zusammenarbeit, Unterstützung beim Aufbau von Know-how der Gemeindeverwaltung sowie finanzielle Anreize zur Erstellung von strategischen Plänen essenziell für das zukünftige kommunale Krisen- und Katastrophenmanagement sind.
The Gromov–Wasserstein Distance Between Spheres
Authors: Arya Shreya , Auddy Arnab , Clark Ranthony A. , Lim Sunhyuk , Mémoli Facundo , Packer Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Gromov–Wasserstein distance—a generalization of the usual Wasserstein distance—permits comparing probability measures defined on possibly different metric spaces. Recently, this notion of distance has found several applications in Data Science and in Machine Learning. With the goal of aiding both the interpretability of dissimilarity measures computed through the Gromov–Wasserstein distance and the assessment of the approximation quality of computational techniques designed to estimate the Gromov–Wasserstein distance, we determine the precise value of a certain variant of the Gromov–Wasserstein distance between unit spheres of different dimensions. Indeed, we consider a two-parameter family $$\{d_{{{\text {GW}}}p,q}\}_{p,q=1}^{\infty }$$

{

d

GW
p
,
q

}

p
,
q
=
1

∞

of Gromov–Wasserstein distances between metric measure spaces. By exploiting a suitable interaction between specific values of the parameters p and q and the metric of the underlying spaces, we are able to determine the exact value of the distance $$d_{{{\text {GW}}}4,2}$$

d

GW
4
,
2

between all pairs of unit spheres of different dimensions endowed with their Euclidean distance and their uniform measure.
Out-of-Distribution Detection and Radiological Data Monitoring Using Statistical Process Control
Authors: Zamzmi Ghada , Venkatesh Kesavan , Nelson Brandon , Prathapan Smriti , Yi Paul , Sahiner Berkman , Delfino Jana G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMachine learning (ML) models often fail with data that deviates from their training distribution. This is a significant concern for ML-enabled devices as data drift may lead to unexpected performance. This work introduces a new framework for out of distribution (OOD) detection and data drift monitoring that combines ML and geometric methods with statistical process control (SPC). We investigated different design choices, including methods for extracting feature representations and drift quantification for OOD detection in individual images and as an approach for input data monitoring. We evaluated the framework for both identifying OOD images and demonstrating the ability to detect shifts in data streams over time. We demonstrated a proof-of-concept via the following tasks: 1) differentiating axial vs. non-axial CT images, 2) differentiating CXR vs. other radiographic imaging modalities, and 3) differentiating adult CXR vs. pediatric CXR. For the identification of individual OOD images, our framework achieved high sensitivity in detecting OOD inputs: 0.980 in CT, 0.984 in CXR, and 0.854 in pediatric CXR. Our framework is also adept at monitoring data streams and identifying the time a drift occurred. In our simulations tracking drift over time, it effectively detected a shift from CXR to non-CXR instantly, a transition from axial to non-axial CT within few days, and a drift from adult to pediatric CXRs within a day—all while maintaining a low false positive rate. Through additional experiments, we demonstrate the framework is modality-agnostic and independent from the underlying model structure, making it highly customizable for specific applications and broadly applicable across different imaging modalities and deployed ML models.
Exploring preparedness transitions in medicine and pharmacy: a qualitative longitudinal study to inform multiprofessional learning opportunities
Authors: Ottrey Ella , Rees Charlotte E. , Kemp Caitlin , Lyons Kayley M. , Brock Tina P. , Leech Michelle , Monrouxe Lynn V. , Palermo Claire 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite extensive preparedness literature, existing studies fail to adequately explore healthcare graduates’ feelings of preparedness longitudinally across new graduate transition journeys, nor do they compare different healthcare professions to ascertain what opportunities exist for multiprofessional transition interventions. Therefore, this Australian study, underpinned by temporal theory, explores the preparedness transitions of medicine and pharmacy graduates. Our 6-month qualitative longitudinal study involved 12 medicine and 7 pharmacy learners after purposive sampling. They participated in an entrance interview before starting internship, longitudinal audio-diaries during their first three months of internship, and an exit interview. Framework analysis explored patterns in the data cross-sectionally and longitudinally for the whole cohort (thinking over time), with pen portraits illustrating individuals’ journeys (thinking through time). Preparedness and unpreparedness narratives involved practical skills and tasks, interpersonal skills, knowledge, and professional practice for medicine and pharmacy. However, narratives for practical skills and tasks, and professional practice were dominant amongst medicine graduates, while narratives for interpersonal skills and knowledge were dominant amongst pharmacy graduates. We found numerous cohort changes in feelings of preparedness over time, but the illustrative pen portraits demonstrated the complexities and nuances through time, including feelings of preparedness before internship becoming unpreparedness during internship (e.g., cannulas), improving preparedness through time (e.g., cover shifts), and persistent feelings of unpreparedness (e.g., patient interactions). While our cross-sectional findings are reasonably consistent with existing research, our comparative and longitudinal findings are novel. We recommend that educators build learners’ preparedness through uniprofessional transition interventions involving practical skills and tasks, and professional practice in medicine, and interpersonal skills and knowledge in pharmacy. More importantly, we recommend multiprofessional transition interventions for medicine and pharmacy learners before internship focusing on knowledge, and during internship focusing on practical skills and tasks.
Digital technology and on-farm responses to climate shocks: exploring the relations between producer agency and the security of food production
Authors: Richards Carol , Messner Rudolf , Higgins Vaughan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent research into climate shocks and what this means for the on-farm production of food revealed mixed and unanticipated results. Whilst the research was triggered by a series of catastrophic, climate related disruptions, Australian beef producers interviewed for the study downplayed the immediate and direct impacts of climate shocks. When considering the changing nature of production under shifting climatic conditions, producers offered a commentary on the digital technology and data which interconnected with climate solutions deriving from both on and off the farm. Perceptions of digital technologies were mixed. Some viewpoints outlined how data driven climate solutions supported on farm planning and decision making, helping to manage climate risks and shocks. However, alongside these narratives, concerns were raised about satellite-based sustainability surveillance and their implications for producer agency. These concerns include the data-informed actions of non-farming third parties, such as bank loan call-ins for properties perceived to be a climate risk, remote surveillance of ground cover, and the commercial re-appraisal of pastoral lands as carbon sinks. Digital solutions to climate shocks thus emerge as inherently ambivalent, a response to shocks and a potential catalyst for renewed crisis. Drawing upon the theoretical lens of relationality, we argue that digital data are increasingly entangled with other material and non-material elements that may disrupt and/or reconfigure the management of farming and with that, the future security of food production. In some instances, data-based solutions to climate risks and shocks present even greater risks to producer agency than climate risks and shocks themselves.
The Rise of Partisan CSR: Corporate Responses to the Russia–Ukraine War
Authors: Bamiatzi Vassiliki , Brieger Steven A. , Karakulak Özgü , Kinderman Daniel , Manning Stephan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Russia–Ukraine war has challenged our understanding of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Whereas CSR is traditionally associated with business self-regulation that benefits business and society, the conflict has revealed new forms of what we call “partisan CSR.” Based on comprehensive data from Fortune Global 500 firms, this study discovers that in particular Western, but also some non-Western, corporations have engaged in partisan CSR activities, ranging from (1) strengthening Ukraine’s economy, to (2) enhancing security and protection for Ukrainian citizens, (3) providing military support, (4) weakening Russia’s economy, and (5) supporting Ukraine in symbolic ways. By comparison, several mostly non-Western firms, e.g. from Asian countries, have chosen to be “neutral”, while, in some cases, exploiting economic opportunities arising from the conflict. This study also discusses major drivers of these CSR responses, including political climate, resource availability and economic dependency, isomorphism, and regulatory requirements. Our findings suggest a shift from political CSR to partisan CSR, which we expect to become more important with growing geopolitical divides and territorial conflicts.
Fears and Worries at Nighttime in Young Children: Development and Psychometric Validation of a Parent-Report Measure (FAWN-YC)
Authors: Shiels Amy , Uhlmann Laura , Farrell Lara J. , Munro-Lee Erinn , Donovan Caroline L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper outlines the development and psychometric evaluation of the Fears and Worries at Nighttime—Young Children (FAWN-YC) scale; a parent-rated measure for children aged 3–5 years. Based on previous literature, it was hypothesised that the measure would be represented by a six-factor solution, with four clusters of fear types and two behavioural manifestations of fears. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA; N = 436) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; N = 383), resulted in a final 17 items that loaded onto 3 factors: Nighttime Fear Focus (8 items, α = 0.92), Bedtime/Sleep Avoidance and Interference (5 items, α = 0.90), and Dark Fear (4 items, α = 0.88). Evidence of convergent validity was found through strong associations between the total score and subscales of the FAWN-YC with measures of child anxiety, fear, sleep, externalizing and conduct problems. Furthermore, there was support for divergent validity (through a very weak to no relationship with a measure of prosocial behaviours), and evidence for temporal stability was also established with 2-week test–retest reliability. Overall, the results provide strong preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the FAWN-YC total score and subscales. Implications for the use of the measure in research and clinical practice are discussed.
Cause-specific excess mortality in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020–2022: a study using nationwide population data
Authors: Nilsson Anton , Emilsson Louise , Kepp Kasper P. , Knudsen Ann Kristin Skrindo , Forthun Ingeborg , Madsen Christian , Björk Jonas , Lallukka Tea 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhile there is substantial evidence on excess mortality in the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, no study has conducted a cause-specific analysis of excess mortality for the whole period 2020–2022 across multiple countries. We examined cause-specific excess mortality during 2020–2022 in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden—four countries with similar demographics and welfare provisions, which implemented different pandemic response policies. To this end, we utilized nationwide register-based information on annual cause-specific deaths stratified by age and sex, and applied linear regression models to predict mortality in 2020–2022 based on the reference period 2010–2019. Excess deaths were obtained by contrasting actual and expected deaths. Additional analyses employed standardization to a common population, as well as population adjustments to account for previous deaths. Our results showed that, besides deaths due to COVID-19 (a total of 32,491 during 2020–2022), all countries experienced excess deaths due to cardiovascular diseases (in total 11,610 excess deaths), and under-mortality due to respiratory diseases other than COVID-19 (in total 9878) and dementia (in total 8721). The excess mortality due to cardiovascular diseases was particularly pronounced in Finland and Norway in 2022, and the under-mortality due to dementia was particularly pronounced in Sweden in 2021–2022. In conclusion, while COVID-19 deaths emerge as the most apparent consequence of the pandemic, our findings suggest that mortality has also been influenced by substitutions between different causes of death and over time, as well as indirect consequences of COVID-19 infection and pandemic responses—albeit to different extents in the different countries.
Coarse entropy of metric spaces
Authors: Geller William , Misiurewicz Michał , Sawicki Damian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCoarse geometry studies metric spaces on the large scale. The recently introduced notion of coarse entropy is a tool to study dynamics from the coarse point of view. We prove that all isometries of a given metric space have the same coarse entropy and that this value is a coarse invariant. We call this value the coarse entropy of the space and investigate its connections with other properties of the space. We prove that it can only be either zero or infinity, and although for many spaces this dichotomy coincides with the subexponential–exponential growth dichotomy, there is no relation between coarse entropy and volume growth more generally. We completely characterise this dichotomy for spaces with bounded geometry and for quasi-geodesic spaces. As an application, we provide an example where coarse entropy yields an obstruction for a coarse embedding, where such an embedding is not precluded by considerations of volume growth.
Sharing housing: a solution to – or a reflection of – housing inequality?
Authors: Grundström Karin , Grander Martin , Lazoroska Daniela , Molina Irene 
Published: September 2024

AbstractShared housing is a rather unusual phenomenon in Sweden. However, due to the decreasing availability of affordable housing and a large share of single-person households in urban areas, sharing is on the rise and new forms of shared housing have entered the market. By analysing how shared housing overlaps with existing patterns of socioeconomic segregation and by interviewing developers of diverse forms of shared housing in the cities of Stockholm and Malmö, this article aims to evolve the understanding of sharing housing from a perspective on housing inequality. We find that while many households are sharing housing because there are no other options, others share because they have the possibility to share certain spaces and facilities, which makes life easier and enhances a sense of togetherness. While the first category is concentrated in marginalized and racialized areas of the cities, the other category is concentrated in well-off areas. Developers offering shared solutions in marginalized areas are few but do so based on a discourse of ‘receiving less for more’, while developers offering shared housing in wealthier districts are doing so based on ‘sustainability’ and ‘making life easier’, as the shared housing includes private facilities and services that aim to support an effortless lifestyle in districts with existing urban assets. The conclusion is that sharing housing is no longer solely built on community spirit and de-growth, but sharing housing is also a reflection of contemporary housing inequality.
On the uniqueness of continuous and discrete hard models of NMR-spectra
Authors: Hellwig Jan , Neymeyr Klaus 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Lorentz, Gauss, Voigt and pseudo-Voigt functions play an important role in hard modeling of NMR spectra. This paper shows the uniqueness of continuous NMR hard models in terms of these functions by proving their linear independence. For the case of discrete hard models, where the spectra are represented by finite-dimensional vectors, criteria are given under which the models are also unique.
Integrating a Parenting Assessment into Practice: Pediatric Providers’ Time and Perspectives
Authors: J Cooke Amber , Attar Tahra I , L Carr Victoria , C Whitney Anna , J Tinker Rory , L Carlson Kathryn , M Stoppelbein Merrill , A Jana Laura , J Scholer Seth 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To integrate a parenting assessment into primary care and assess pediatric providers’ time needed to review it and their perceptions of the process.

Description
The Quick Parenting Assessment (QPA) is a validated, 13 item parent support tool that assesses for healthy and unhealthy parenting practices. Higher QPAs indicate more unhealthy parenting being used. In a clinic serving low-income parents, the QPA was integrated into the 15 month, 30 month, 5 year, and 8 year well child visits. After each well child visit in which the QPA was administered, providers were invited to complete a one-page survey—315 surveys were included in the analysis.

Assessment
Most QPAs (78.7%) were low risk (QPA <  = 2), 14.6% were medium risk (QPA = 3–4), and 6.7% were high risk (QPA > 4). The median time was 15–30 s to review low risk QPAs and 30 s to 1 min to review high risk QPAs. For most QPA reviews, health care providers reported that the QPA increased their objectivity in determining the level of support needed (68%), facilitated communication about parenting (77%), and increased the value of the visit (68%).

Conclusion
A validated parenting assessment tool, integrated into pediatric primary care, appears to work for pediatric health care providers. These findings have implications for supporting parents in pediatrics, value-based care, and disease prevention.
Shared emotion without togetherness: the case of shared grief
Authors: Richardson Louise 
Published: September 2024

AbstractI offer a philosophical account of shared grief, on which it is a process, undergone by a group, of recognising and accommodating significant possibilities that are lost to that group. In setting out from an understanding of grief’s distinctive characteristics, a philosophically interesting, metaphysically undemanding, and practically useful account of shared grief comes into view, that has broader consequences for understanding shared emotion.
For values in science: Assessing recent arguments for the ideal of value-free science
Authors: Brown Matthew J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is a near consensus among philosophers of science whose research focuses on science and values that the ideal of value-free science is untenable, and that science not only is, but normatively must be, value-laden in some respect. The consensus is far from complete; with some regularity, defenses of the value-free ideal (VFI) as well as critiques of major arguments against the VFI surface in the literature. I review and respond to many of the recent defenses of the VFI and show that they generally fail to meet the mark. In the process, I articulate what the current burden of argument for a defense of the VFI ought to be, given the state of the literature.