bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiconstituent identification in root, branch, and leaf extracts of Juglans mandshurica using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Tian‐Min , Liu Jing , Yi Tao , Zhai Yan‐Jun , Zhang Hui , Chen Hu‐Biao , Cai Shao‐Qing , Kang Ting‐Guo , Zhao Zhong‐Zhen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAs a traditional medicinal plant, Juglans mandshurica has been used for the treatment of cancer. Different organs of this plant showed anti‐tumor activity in clinic and laboratory. Comparative identification of constituents in different plant organs is essential for investigation of the relationship between chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. For this aim, the roots, branches, and leaves of J. mandshurica were extracted with 50% v/v methanol and then subjected to ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis conducted under low and high energy. As a result, we have to date identified 111 compounds consisting of 56 tannins, 29 flavonoids, 13 organic acids, 8 naphthalene derivatives, and 5 anthracenes. Five compounds, namely, diquercetin trihydroxy‐truxinoyl‐glucoside, two quercetin kaempferol dihydroxy‐truxinoyl‐glucosides, syringoyl‐tri‐galloyl‐O‐glucose, and dihydroxy‐naphthalene syringoyl‐glucoside, were tentatively identified as new compounds. Of the compounds identified, 76 were found in the root extract, 67 in the branch extract, and 37 in the leaf extract. Only six compounds including four organic acids and two tannins were found in all three extracts. We developed a rapid and sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry approach to identify multiple constituents of complex extracts without separation and ion selection. The results presented provide useful information on further research of the bioactive compounds of J. mandshurica.
Technical tips during implantation of selective upper airway stimulation
Authors: Heiser Clemens , Thaler Erica , Soose Ryan J. , Woodson B. Tucker , Boon Maurits 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveSelective upper airway stimulation is now well‐established in the United States and in several European countries, with more than 1,000 patients implanted since U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval in April 2014. The authors herein, all head and neck surgeons, account for approximately one of every five implants completed to date. Several of the authors also provide comprehensive longitudinal care of their patients as dual‐specialty sleep medicine physicians.Study DesignMulti‐center, retrospective clinical analysis.MethodsMore than 300 implants have been evaluated and reviewed in five different implant centers (Germany, United States).ResultsThis analysis shares tips and techniques from the collective experiences with more than 300 implants, which can help newer implanters learn vicariously both for standard practices in executing routine implants through activation and, importantly, for working through more challenging encounters with anatomy, special patient phenotypes, system testing, and troubleshooting.ConclusionThese tips should help new implanters handle most of the situations arising during implantation and avoid common pitfalls. Laryngoscope, 128:756–762, 2018
Effects of calibration methods on quantitative material decomposition in photon‐counting spectral computed tomography using a maximum a posteriori estimator
Authors: Curtis Tyler E. , Roeder Ryan K. 
Published: July 2017

PurposeAdvances in photon‐counting detectors have enabled quantitative material decomposition using multi‐energy or spectral computed tomography (CT). Supervised methods for material decomposition utilize an estimated attenuation for each material of interest at each photon energy level, which must be calibrated based upon calculated or measured values for known compositions. Measurements using a calibration phantom can advantageously account for system‐specific noise, but the effect of calibration methods on the material basis matrix and subsequent quantitative material decomposition has not been experimentally investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the range and number of contrast agent concentrations within a modular calibration phantom on the accuracy of quantitative material decomposition in the image domain.MethodsGadolinium was chosen as a model contrast agent in imaging phantoms, which also contained bone tissue and water as negative controls. The maximum gadolinium concentration (30, 60, and 90 mM) and total number of concentrations (2, 4, and 7) were independently varied to systematically investigate effects of the material basis matrix and scaling factor calibration on the quantitative (root mean squared error, RMSE) and spatial (sensitivity and specificity) accuracy of material decomposition. Images of calibration and sample phantoms were acquired using a commercially available photon‐counting spectral micro‐CT system with five energy bins selected to normalize photon counts and leverage the contrast agent k‐edge. Material decomposition of gadolinium, calcium, and water was performed for each calibration method using a maximum a posteriori estimator.ResultsBoth the quantitative and spatial accuracy of material decomposition were most improved by using an increased maximum gadolinium concentration (range) in the basis matrix calibration; the effects of using a greater number of concentrations were relatively small in magnitude by comparison. The material basis matrix calibration was more sensitive to changes in the calibration methods than the scaling factor calibration. The material basis matrix calibration significantly influenced both the quantitative and spatial accuracy of material decomposition, while the scaling factor calibration influenced quantitative but not spatial accuracy. Importantly, the median RMSE of material decomposition was as low as ~1.5 mM (~0.24 mg/mL gadolinium), which was similar in magnitude to that measured by optical spectroscopy on the same samples.ConclusionThe accuracy of quantitative material decomposition in photon‐counting spectral CT was significantly influenced by calibration methods which must therefore be carefully considered for the intended diagnostic imaging application.
Exploring perceptions of a rheumatoid arthritis‐specific smoking cessation programme
Authors: Aimer Pip , Stamp Lisa K. , Stebbings Simon , Cameron Vicky , Kirby Sandra , Treharne Gareth J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimSmoking cessation is an important consideration in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the present study was to determine which aspects of a novel three‐month smoking cessation intervention were most useful for people with RA, and to identify areas for improvement.MethodThirty‐eight current smokers with RA (19 intervention and 19 control) enrolled in a previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) of smoking cessation and two arthritis educators who had provided the intervention were interviewed. The data were analysed thematically using a combination of deductive and inductive approaches to identify themes.ResultsIntervention participants and the educators identified individualized support and advice as the two most important components of the smoking cessation intervention. The generic smoking cessation components and education about the links between smoking and RA were also identified as important. Nicotine replacement therapy was provided to all participants and was the most commonly reported facilitator of smoking cessation. People with RA who reported being ready to quit smoking had more success at smoking cessation. The educators were positive about ongoing provision of the smoking cessation intervention.ConclusionThe novel RA‐specific smoking cessation intervention that had formed the basis of the previous RCT provided useful and varied options to assist quitting smoking in RA. Successful quitters were ready and motivated to quit smoking regardless of their randomization status, with nicotine replacement therapy an effective aid to quitting. Support offered by the educators was critical in the participants' perspective.
Finite volume–based modeling of flow‐induced shear failure along fracture manifolds
Authors: Deb Rajdeep , Jenny Patrick 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIn this paper, a numerical model to predict flow‐induced shear failure along pre‐existing fractures is presented. The framework is based on a discrete fracture representation embedded in a continuum describing the damaged matrix. A finite volume method is used to compute both flow and mechanical equilibrium, whereas specifically tailored basis functions are used to account for the physics at discontinuities. The failure criterion is based on a maximum shear strength limit, which changes with varying compressive stress on the fracture manifold. The displacements along fracture manifolds are obtained such that force balance is achieved under conditions, where shear stress of the failing fracture segment is constrained to the maximum shear strength at the segment. Simultaneously, the fluid pressure is computed independently of the shear slip. A relaxation model approach is used to obtain the maximum shear limit on the fracture manifold, which leads to grid convergence.
Judiciously balancing steric and electronic influences on 2,3‐diiminobutane‐based Pd(II) complexes in nourishing polyethylene properties
Authors: Zeng Yanning , Mahmood Qaiser , Liang Tongling , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTA new series of palladium complexes (Pd1–Pd5) ligated by symmetrical 2,3‐diiminobutane derivatives, 2,3‐bis[2,6‐bis{bis(4‐FC6H4)2CH}2‐4‐(alkyl)C6H2N]C4H6 (alkyl = Me L1, Et L2, iPr L3, tBu L4) and 2,3‐bis[2,6‐bis{bis(C6H5)2CH}2‐4‐{(CH3)3C}C6H2N]C4H6 L5, have been prepared and well characterized, and their catalytic scope toward ethylene polymerization have been investigated. Upon activation with MAO, all palladium complexes (Pd1–Pd5) exhibited good activities (up to 1.44 × 106 g (PE) mol−1(Pd) h−1) and produced higher molecular weight polyethylene in the range of 105 g mol−1 with precise molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.37–1.77). One of the long‐standing limiting features of the Brookhart type α‐diimine Pd(II) catalysts is that they produce highly branched (ca. 100/1000 C atoms) and totally amorphous polymer. Conversely, herein Pd5 produced polymers having dramatically lower branching number (28/1000) as well as improved melting temperature up to 73.1 °C showing well‐controlled linear architecture, and very similar to polyethylene materials generated by early‐transition‐metal based catalysts. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3214–3222
Potential Biocides: Iodine‐Producing Pyrotechnics
Authors: Oxley Jimmie C. , Smith James L. , Porter Matthew M. , Yekel Maxwell J. , Canaria Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCurrently there is a need for specialized pyrotechnic materials to combat the threat of biological weapons. Materials have been characterized based on their potential to produce heat and molecular iodine gas (I2) to kill spore‐forming bacteria (e. g. anthrax). One formulation, already proven to kill anthrax simulants, is diiodine pentoxide with aluminum; however, it suffers from poor stability and storage problems. The heat and iodine gas output from this mixture and candidate replacement mixtures were measured with bomb calorimetry and extraction and analysis of I2 by UV‐Vis. Of the mixtures analyzed, calcium iodate and aluminum was found to be the highest producer of I2. The heat output of this mixture and others can be tuned by adding more fuel, with the cost of some iodine. Products of combustion were analyzed by thermal analysis (SDT), XPS, XRD, and LC/MS. Evidence for various metal iodides and metal oxides was collected with these methods.
Re‐evaluating the stability of COMU in different solvents
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Jad Yahya E. , de la Torre Beatriz G. , El‐Faham Ayman , Albericio Fernando 
Published: July 2017

COMU is uronium‐type coupling reagent based on OxymaPure. It showed several advantages over classical benzotriazole‐based coupling reagents such as higher solubility, water‐soluble byproduct, and monitoring the reaction by changing of color. Although COMU is well known to perform excellent in solution, but its hydrolytic stability in DMF limits its use in automatic peptide synthesizer. Herein, we evaluated the hydrolytic stability of COMU in γ‐valerolactone (GVL), acetonitrile (ACN) and N‐formylmorpholine (NFM) and compared its stability against DMF. The stability of COMU after 24 h was found to be 88 and 89% in GVL and ACN, respectively, when compared in DMF (14%). Further, the demanding Aib‐ACP decapeptide and JR decapeptide were successfully synthesized using COMU dissolved in GVL or ACN while Fmoc amino acids were dissolved in DMF. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C–H Activation and Alkyne Annulation via Automatic or Intrinsic Directing Groups: Towards High Step Economy
Authors: Zheng Liyao , Hua Ruimao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDirect transformation of carbon–hydrogen bond (C–H) has emerged to be a trend for construction of molecules from building blocks with no or less prefunctionalization, leading high atom and step economy. Directing group (DG) strategy is widely used to achieve higher reactivity and selectivity, but additional steps are usually needed for installation and/or cleavage of DGs, limiting step economy of the overall transformation. To meet this challenge, we proposed a concept of automatic DG (DGauto), which is auto‐installed and/or auto‐cleavable. Multifunctional oxime and hydrazone DGauto were designed for C–H activation and alkyne annulation to furnish diverse nitrogen‐containing heterocycles. Imidazole was employed as an intrinsic DG (DGin) to synthesize ring‐fused and π‐extended functional molecules. The alkyne group in the substrates can also be served as DGin for ortho‐C–H activation to afford carbocycles. In this account, we intend to give a review of our progress in this area and brief introduction of other related advances on C–H functionalization using DGauto or DGin strategies.
Division of labour in the yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wloch‐Salamon Dominika M. , Fisher Roberta M. , Regenberg Birgitte 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDivision of labour between different specialized cell types is a central part of how we describe complexity in multicellular organisms. However, it is increasingly being recognized that division of labour also plays an important role in the lives of predominantly unicellular organisms. Saccharomyces cerevisiae displays several phenotypes that could be considered a division of labour, including quiescence, apoptosis and biofilm formation, but they have not been explicitly treated as such. We discuss each of these examples, using a definition of division of labour that involves phenotypic variation between cells within a population, cooperation between cells performing different tasks and maximization of the inclusive fitness of all cells involved. We then propose future research directions and possible experimental tests using S. cerevisiae as a model organism for understanding the genetic mechanisms and selective pressures that can lead to the evolution of the very first stages of a division of labour. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk from Exposure to Uranium in Groundwater from Western Haryana, India
Authors: Duggal Vikas , Sharma Samriti , Saini Komal , Bajwa Bikramjit Singh 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to assess the distribution of uranium in groundwater by using LED fluorimeter LF-2a and chemical and radiological risks associated with its consumption in Sirsa district, Haryana, India. Uranium concentration ranged between 0.93 and 290μg l−1 with an average value of 49 μg l−1. About 44% of the groundwater samples had uranium concentration above the maximum contamination level of 30 μg l−1 prescribed by the World Health Organization and United States Environmental Protection Agency and 22% of the samples exceeded the permissible limit of 60 μgl−1 prescribed by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, India. The average cancer morbidity and mortality risks are determined to be 1.10 × 10−4 and 7.17 × 10−5 respectively, indicating the negligible carcinogenic risk. Hazard quotient for 44% samples is greater than unity which indicates health risk due to chemical toxicity of uranium in groundwater. The associated age-dependent annual effective dose is estimated by taking the prescribed water intake values of different age groups.
Radioactive Occurrence in Sediments of Cenozoic Age near Bandha Village, Jaisalmer District, Rajasthan
Authors: Gupta Sumangal , Barik Maninee P. , Ariketi Ravinder , Jain D. , Biswal Samir 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
The radioactivity is dependent on the isotope and their concentration in the mineral such as potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). In this paper the presence of a 3 to 5 m thick uranium and thorium bearing sediment of Cenozoic age is reported above Goru Formation of Jaisalmer basin. Gamma ray log response of Well-1 which falls under the study area has marked with very high GR (gamma ray) readings ranging from 350-1488 API coupled with high uranium and thorium content from spectral gamma ray log ranging from 92-178 ppm and 60-80 ppm respectively at the depth of 50 m from ground surface (-110m above MSL). Further studies are required to delineate the lateral thickness variation for mining purpose which may be a radioactive source.
Application of the Korean Version of the Modified Barthel Index: Development of a keyform for use in Clinical Practice
Authors: Hong Ickpyo , Lim Yoonjeong , Han HyunSuk , Hay Catherine Cooper , Woo Hee-Soon 
Published: July 2017

Objective To demonstrate the clinical application of the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) using Rasch analysis. Methods A total of 276 patients with neurological disorders were assessed with the K-MBI in outpatient clinics. The Rasch partial-credit model was used to generate a keyform based on investigating the psychometric properties of the K-MBI, including dimensionality, precision (person strata and reliability), and hierarchical item difficulty. The Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) in item difficulty was used to establish right-challenging treatment goals and long-term treatment plans. Results The findings demonstrated that the Korean version of the MBI satisfied the assumption of unidimensionality. It also showed a hierarchical structure in terms of item difficulty, good reliability (Cronbach alpha, 0.92), and approximately five distinct person strata (4.6). The MDC (raw score, 20.1) of the item difficulty of the test items demonstrated equivalent cutoff scores for targeted short-term treatment goals on the keyform, a Rasch-derived display of patient responses. Long-term treatment goals were identified based on the test items of the keyform. Conclusions The findings suggest that a Rasch keyform can be applied to clinical practice in Korean settings by identifying clinically and statistically meaningful test items and their step thresholds as short- and long-term goals.
Distribution of Sesamoid Bones in the Hand—A Study in the Chinese Population
Authors: Ting Lam Gloria Yan , San Chow Esther Ching , Ben Ng , Gerry Ho Chi Hei , Wai Chan Chi 
Published: July 2017

Objective To report the prevalence and distribution of hand sesamoid bones in Chinese ethnic group and its left-right symmetry. Methods A retrospective study involving hand radiographs taken in patients admitted to United Christian Hospital from January 2011 to June 2014. Exclusion criteria included previous hand fracture, inadequate radiological views and those of non-Chinese ethnic group. Results A total of 307 hand radiographs (162 left and 145 right; 181 males and 126 females) in 266 patients were reviewed. Bilateral hand radiographs were available in 41 patients. Their mean age (± standard deviation) was 48.8 ± 11.3 years (range, 25–69 years). The total number of sesamoid bones identified was 1,641. Sesamoid bones were found at the first metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) at a rate of 100%, while the prevalence at the second MCPJ, third MCPJ, fourth MCPJ, fifth MCPJ as well as the first interphalangeal joint (IPJ) was 59.0%, 2.93%, 0%, 47.6% and 28.0%, respectively. Bilateral hand radiographs showed 100% symmetrical distribution of sesamoid bones on right and left sides. Conclusion This is the first study in Hong Kong to report prevalence of sesamoid bones in the Chinese Population and identify the symmetry of sesamoid bones in bilateral hands. The result revealed that the Chinese ethnic group had a higher prevalence of sesamoid bones at the 2nd and 3rd MCPJ when compared with other ethnic groups. The distribution of sesamoid bones was symmetrical in bilateral hands.
BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF BIG DATA IN INSURANCE PREDICTIVE MODELING USING DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
Authors: Zhang Yanwei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhile Bayesian methods have attracted considerable interest in actuarial science, they are yet to be embraced in large-scaled insurance predictive modeling applications, due to inefficiencies of Bayesian estimation procedures. The paper presents an efficient method that parallelizes Bayesian computation using distributed computing on Apache Spark across a cluster of computers. The distributed algorithm dramatically boosts the speed of Bayesian computation and expands the scope of applicability of Bayesian methods in insurance modeling. The empirical analysis applies a Bayesian hierarchical Tweedie model to a big data of 13 million insurance claim records. The distributed algorithm achieves as much as 65 times performance gain over the non-parallel method in this application. The analysis demonstrates that Bayesian methods can be of great value to large-scaled insurance predictive modeling.
Do Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Severity Sub-classification Systems Help to Identify People Who Go on to Experience Long-Term Symptoms?
Authors: Theadom Alice , Barker-Collo Suzanne , Greenwood Andrea , Parmar Priya , Jones Kelly , Starkey Nicola , McPherson Kathryn , Feigin Valery L. 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To identify the systems available to sub-classify mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to determine their utility in predicting 1-year outcome.Methods: A systematic review to identify mild-TBI sub-classification systems was conducted until March 2016. The identified systems were applied to a cohort ofN= 290 adults who had experienced a mild-TBI, and who had been assessed for post-concussion symptoms 1-year post injury. ANOVAs and regression models were used to determine whether each sub-classification system could distinguish between outcomes and to explore their contribution to explaining variance in post-concussion symptoms 1-year post injury.Results: Nineteen sub-classification systems for mild-TBI met the inclusion criteria for this review. The Saal (1991) classification system significantly differentiated the experience of post-concussion symptoms in our cohort 1-year post injury (F= 2.39,p= 0.05). However, the findings did not remain significant following correction for multiple comparisons and inclusion of socio-demographic and contextual factors in the regression model.Conclusions: Current sub-classification systems fail to explain much of the variance in post-concussion symptoms 1 year following mild-TBI. Further research is needed to identify the factors (including socio-demographic and contextual factors) to determine, who may be at risk of developing persistent post-concussion symptoms.