bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity, Sensation Seeking, and Aggression as Injury Risk Factors in Young Swiss Men: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Martin-Diener Eva , Foster Simon , Mohler-Kuo Meichun , Martin Brian W. 
Published: June 2016

Background:This study investigates the relationships between physical activity (PA), sports participation and sensation seeking or aggression and injury risk in young men.Methods:A representative cohort study was conducted with 4686 conscripts for the Swiss army. Risk factors assessed at baseline were PA, the frequency of sports participation, sensation seeking, and aggression. The number of injuries during the past 12 months was reported 16 months after baseline. Exposure to moderate-tovigorous physical activity (MVPA) was estimated based on baseline PA.Results:Among conscripts, 48.5% reported at least 1 injury for the past 12 months. After accounting for exposure to MVPA, the most inactive individuals (reference group) had the highest injury risk and those with high levels of PA and weekly sports participation the lowest (Poisson regression analysis: incidence rate ratio = 0.14 [0.12–0.16]). Independent of activity level, sensation seeking increased cumulative injury incidence significantly (Logistic regression analysis [injured vs. not injured]: odds ratio = 1.29 [1.02–1.63]) and incidence rates marginally. Aggression was marginally associated only with cumulative injury incidence and only in those participating in daily sports.Conclusions:When accounting for exposure to PA, being inactive is a strong injury risk factor in young men, whereas the roles of the personality variables are less clear.
Women’s Lifestyle Physical Activity Program for African American Women: Fidelity Plan and Outcomes
Authors: Wilbur JoEllen , Schoeny Michael E. , Buchholz Susan W. , Fogg Louis , Miller Arlene Michaels , Braun Lynne T. , Halloway Shannon , Dancy Barbara L. 
Published: June 2016

Background:For interventions to be implemented effectively, fidelity must be documented. We evaluated fidelity delivery, receipt, and enactment of the 48-week Women’s Lifestyle Physical Activity Program conducted to increase physical activity and maintain weight in African American women.Methods:Three study conditions all received 6 group meetings; 1 also received 11 motivational interviewing personal calls (PCs), 1 received11 automated motivational message calls (ACs), and 1 received no calls. Group meeting delivery was assessed for adherence and competence. PC delivery was assessed with the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity Code. Receipt was defined as group meeting attendance, completion of PCs, and listening to ACs. Enactment was number of weeks an accelerometer was worn.Results:For group meeting delivery, mean adherence was 80.8% and mean competence 2.9 of 3.0. Delivery of PCs did not reach criterion for competence. Receipt of more than one-half the dose was achieved for 84.9% of women for group meetings, 85.5% for PCs, and 42.1% for ACs. Higher group meeting attendance was associated with higher accelerometer steps at 24 weeks and lower BMI at 24 and 48 weeks.Conclusions:Fidelity measurement and examination of intervention delivery, receipt, and enactment are important to explicate conditions in which interventions are successful.
Are the Physical Activity Parenting Practices Reported by US and Canadian Parents Captured in Currently Published Instruments?
Authors: Mâsse Louise C. , O’Connor Teresia M. , Tu Andrew W. , Watts Allison W. , Beauchamp Mark R. , Hughes Sheryl O. , Baranowski Tom 
Published: June 2016

Background:The purpose of this study was to compare the physical activity parenting practices (PAPPs) parents report using with the PAPPs incorporated in the published literature.Methods:PAPPs in the literature were identified by reviewing the content of 74 published PAPP measures obtained from current systematic reviews supplemented with a literature search. The types of PAPPs used by parents were identified by surveying a stratified sample of 134 Canadian and US parents of 5- to 12 year-old children. Items from the literature and parent responses were coded using the same coding scheme. Differences between the PAPPs emphasized by the parents and the literature were examined.Results:Parents significantly emphasized different issues than what is measured in the literature (P < .001). Parents emphasized more control (13.6% vs. 6.9%), modeling and teaching (13.2% vs. 9.2%), and structural strategies (32.2% vs. 28.6%) and less autonomy support (11.8% vs. 14.0%), logistical support (9.9% vs. 12.8%), and responsiveness strategies (19.3% vs. 28.5%).Conclusions:Physical activity practices most often employed by parents are not the ones emphasized in current measures. The extent to which putting more emphasis on the areas identified by parents will increase the predictive validity of the measures warrants further examination.
Evaluation of the Whole-Blood Alere Q NAT Point-of-Care RNA Assay for HIV-1 Viral Load Monitoring in a Primary Health Care Setting in Mozambique
Authors: Jani Ilesh V. , Meggi Bindiya , Vubil Adolfo , Sitoe Nádia E. , Bhatt Nilesh , Tobaiwa Ocean , Quevedo Jorge I. , Loquiha Osvaldo , Lehe Jonathan D. , Vojnov Lara , Peter Trevor F. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTViral load testing is the WHO-recommended monitoring assay for patients on HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART). Point-of-care (POC) assays may help improve access to viral load testing in resource-limited settings. We compared the performance of the Alere Q NAT POC viral load technology (Alere Technologies, Jena, Germany), measuring total HIV RNA using finger prick capillary whole-blood samples collected in a periurban health center, with that of a laboratory-based plasma RNA test (Roche Cobas Ampliprep/Cobas TaqMan v2) conducted on matched venous blood samples. The whole-blood Alere Q NAT POC assay produced results with a bias of 0.8593 log copy/ml compared to the laboratory-based plasma assay. However, at above 10,000 copies/ml, the bias was 0.07 log copy/ml. Using the WHO-recommended threshold to determine ART failure of 1,000 copies/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of the whole-blood Alere Q NAT POC assay were 96.83% and 47.80%, respectively. A cutoff of 10,000 copies/ml of whole blood with the Alere Q NAT POC assay appears to be a better predictor of ART failure threshold (1,000 copies/ml of plasma), with a sensitivity of 84.0% and specificity of 90.3%. The precision of the whole-blood Alere Q NAT POC assay was comparable to that observed with the laboratory technology (5.4% versus 7.5%) between detectable paired samples. HIV POC viral load testing is feasible at the primary health care level. Further research on the value of whole-blood viral load to monitor antiretroviral therapy is warranted.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) Isolates from Japan Reveals Emergence of CTX-M-14-Producing EAEC O25:H4 Clones Related to Sequence Type 131
Authors: Imuta Naoko , Ooka Tadasuke , Seto Kazuko , Kawahara Ryuji , Koriyama Toyoyasu , Kojyo Tsuyoshi , Iguchi Atsushi , Tokuda Koichi , Kawamura Hideki , Yoshiie Kiyotaka , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Hayashi Tetsuya , Nishi Junichiro 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTEnteroaggregativeEscherichia coli(EAEC) causes acute or persistent diarrhea. TheaggRgene is widely used as a marker for typical EAEC. The heterogeneity of EAEC is well known; however, there are few reports on the phylogenetic relationships of EAEC. Recently, CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing EAEC strains have been reported worldwide. To characterize EAEC strains in Japan, we investigated the population structure of EAEC. A total of 167aggR-positive strains isolated from stool specimens from diarrheal patients in Kagoshima (139 strains) and Osaka (28 strains), Japan, between 1992 and 2010 were examined for the prevalence of EAEC virulence markers, theblaCTX-Mgene, and the capacity to form biofilms. Multilocus sequence typing was also conducted. EAEC strains were widely distributed across four majorE. coliphylogroups. Strains of O111:H21/clonal group 40 (CG40) (30 strains), O126:H27/CG200 (13 strains), and O86a:H27/CG3570 (11 strains) in phylogroup B1 are the historical EAEC clones in Japan, and they exhibited strong biofilm formation. Twenty-nine strains of EAEC O25:H4/CG131 were identified in phylogroup B2, 79% of which produced CTX-M-14. This clone has emerged since 2003. The clone harbored plasmid-encoded EAEC virulence genes but not chromosomal virulence genes and had lower biofilm-forming capacity than historical EAEC strains. This clone most likely emerged from a pandemic uropathogenic O25:H4/sequence type 131 clone by acquiring an EAEC virulence plasmid from canonical EAEC. Surveillance of the horizontal transfer of both virulence and ESBL genes amongE. colistrains is important for preventing a worldwide increase in antimicrobial drug resistance.
Performance of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization−Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Aspergillus, Scedosporium, and Fusarium spp. in the Australian Clinical Setting
Authors: Sleiman Sue , Halliday Catriona L. , Chapman Belinda , Brown Mitchell , Nitschke Joanne , Lau Anna F. , Chen Sharon C.-A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

We developed an Australian database for the identification of
Aspergillus
,
Scedosporium
, and
Fusarium
species (
n
= 28) by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization−time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). In a challenge against 117 isolates, species identification significantly improved when the in-house-built database was combined with the Bruker Filamentous Fungi Library compared with that for the Bruker library alone (
Aspergillus
, 93% versus 69%;
Fusarium
, 84% versus 42%; and
Scedosporium
, 94% versus 18%, respectively).
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infections: Bacterial Cultures from Negative-Pressure-Wound-Therapy Foams Do Not Improve Diagnostics
Authors: Scherrer Alexandra U. , Bloemberg Guido , Zbinden Reinhard , Zinkernagel Annelies S. , Fuchs Claudio , Frauenfelder Sandra , Rancic Zoran , Mayer Dieter , Hasse Barbara ,   VASGRA Cohort
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
We analyzed the diagnostic value of microorganisms cultured from negative-pressure-wound-therapy (NPWT) foam samples compared to that of microorganisms cultured from deep tissue samples from patients with vascular graft infections. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 58%, 86%, 81%, and 66%, respectively. The diagnostic value of microbiological cultures from NPWT foams was poor.
Plasticity of Candida albicans Biofilms
Authors: Soll David R. , Daniels Karla J. 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARY

Candida albicans
, the most pervasive fungal pathogen that colonizes humans, forms biofilms that are architecturally complex. They consist of a basal yeast cell polylayer and an upper region of hyphae encapsulated in extracellular matrix. However, biofilms formed
in vitro
vary as a result of the different conditions employed in models, the methods used to assess biofilm formation, strain differences, and, in a most dramatic fashion, the configuration of the mating type locus (
MTL
). Therefore, integrating data from different studies can lead to problems of interpretation if such variability is not taken into account. Here we review the conditions and factors that cause biofilm variation, with the goal of engendering awareness that more attention must be paid to the strains employed, the methods used to assess biofilm development, every aspect of the model employed, and the configuration of the
MTL
locus. We end by posing a set of questions that may be asked in comparing the results of different studies and developing protocols for new ones. This review should engender the notion that not all biofilms are created equal.
U-Pb geochronology of calcite-mineralized faults: Absolute timing of rift-related fault events on the northeast Atlantic margin
Authors: Roberts Nick M.W. , Walker Richard J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Constraining the timing of brittle faulting is critical in understanding crustal deformation and fluid flow, but many regional-scale fault systems lack readily available techniques to provide absolute chronological information. Calcite mineralization occurs in crustal faults in many geological settings and can be suitable for U-Pb geochronology. This application has remained underutilized because traditional bulk dissolution techniques require uncommonly high U concentration. Because U and Pb are distributed heterogeneously throughout calcite crystals, high-spatial-resolution sampling techniques can target domains with high U and variable U/Pb ratios. Here we present a novel application of in-situ laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to basaltic fault rock geochronology in the Faroe Islands, northeast Atlantic margin. Faults that are kinematically linked to deformation associated with continental break-up were targeted. Acquired ages for fault events range from mid-Eocene to mid-Miocene and are therefore consistently younger than the regional early Eocene onset of ocean spreading, highlighting protracted brittle deformation within the newly developed continental margin. Calcite geochronology from LA-ICP-MS U-Pb analysis represents an important and novel method to constrain the absolute timing of fault and fluid-flow events.
Cryogenian intraplate magmatism along the buried southern Laurentian margin: Evidence from volcanic clasts in Ordovician strata, Marathon uplift, west Texas
Authors: Hanson Richard E. , Roberts Jonathon M. , Dickerson Patricia W. , Fanning C. Mark 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Critical evidence bearing on the breakup history of the supercontinent Rodinia near the end of the Proterozoic comes from widespread Cryogenian–Cambrian intraplate igneous assemblages present along the margins of cratonic blocks released during Rodinia fragmentation and now distributed around the globe. This magmatism occurred over a long time span (780–540 Ma) prior to and during final stages of Rodinia breakup along the eastern, western, and northern margins of the Laurentia craton, which forms the centerpiece of Rodinia in many reconstructions. Whether similar protracted magmatism occurred prior to the rift-drift transition along the southern Laurentian margin has remained uncertain because of deep burial beneath younger strata. We present geochemical and geochronological data from volcanic clasts within shelf-derived Ordovician turbidites and debris-flow deposits now exposed in allochthonous thrust slices in the Marathon uplift, west Texas (USA), that document one or more episodes of intraplate magmatism extending back at least to 706 Ma along this part of the ancient margin. These data raise the possibility that Laurentia may have been completely encircled by intraplate igneous activity prior to Rodinia breakup, with implications for the driving forces leading to supercontinent fragmentation and factors controlling the sites of ocean-basin formation during that process.
Association between white blood cell count and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in urban Han Chinese: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Shukang , Zhang Chengqi , Zhang Guang , Yuan Zhongshang , Liu Yanxun , Ding Lijie , Sun Xiubin , Jia Hongying , Xue Fuzhong 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThe white blood cell (WBC) count is a simple and convenient marker of inflammation for use in medical practice; however, its association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been determined. We examined the relationship between WBC and NAFLD to provide a convenient and useful marker for the prediction of NAFLD.SettingA longitudinal cohort participating in a large health check-up programme for the Chinese population was selected and followed up from 2005 to 2011.ParticipantsA total of 21 307 male and female participants without NAFLD who underwent health check-ups at least twice between 2005 and 2011 were included in this study. 15 201 participants (7286 men and 7915 women) were eligible for inclusion.ResultsThe baseline distribution of age, WBC, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and globin (GLO) and the prevalence of males, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, smoking and regular exercise were significantly different between the incident NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups (p<0.05). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to estimate the HRs and 95% CIs of WBC, which predicted the occurrence of NAFLD. Compared with the lowest WBC quartile (Q1), the HRs and 95% CIs of the other WBC quartiles (Q2, Q3 and Q4) for incident NAFLD were 1.090 (0.978 to 1.215), 1.174 (1.055 to 1.305) and 1.152 (1.035 to 1.281), respectively, after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, regular exercise, BMI, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALB and GLO.ConclusionsOur study clearly showed that WBC count was a significant factor associated with incident NAFLD in Han Chinese.
State Assignment and Optimization of Ultra-High-Speed FSMs Utilizing Tristate Buffers
Authors: Czerwinski Robert , Kania Dariusz 
Published: May 2016

The logic synthesis of ultra-high-speed FSMs is presented. The state assignment is based on a well-known method that uses output vectors. This technique is adjusted to include elements of two-level minimization and takes into account the limited number of terms contained in the programmable-AND/fixed-OR logic cell. The state assignment is based on a special form of the binary decision tree. The second phase of the FSM design is logic optimization. The optimization method is based on tristate buffers, thus making possible a one-logic-level FSM structure. The key point is to search partition variables that control the tristate buffers. This technique can also be applied to combinational circuits or the output block of FSMs only.
Algorithms for state assignment and optimization are presented and richly illustrated by examples. The method is dedicated to using specific features of complex programmable logic devices. Experimental results prove its effectiveness (e.g., the implementation of the the 16-bit counter requires 136 logic cells and one-logic-cell level instead of 213 cells and four levels). The optimization method using tristate buffers and a state assignment binary decision tree can be directly applied to FPGA-dedicated logic synthesis.
High CDK6 Protects Cells from Fulvestrant-Mediated Apoptosis and is a Predictor of Resistance to Fulvestrant in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Alves Carla L. , Elias Daniel , Lyng Maria , Bak Martin , Kirkegaard Tove , Lykkesfeldt Anne E. , Ditzel Henrik J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Resistance to endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer remains a major clinical problem. Recently, the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib combined with letrozole or fulvestrant was approved for treatment of ER+ advanced breast cancer. However, the role of CDK4/6 in endocrine resistance and their potential as predictive biomarkers of endocrine treatment response remains undefined.
Experimental Design: We investigated the specific role of increased CDK6 expression in fulvestrant-resistant cells by gene knockdown and treatment with palbociclib, and evaluated the effect in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and kinase activity. Furthermore, we evaluated CDK6 expression in metastatic samples from breast cancer patients treated or not with fulvestrant.
Results: We found increased expression of CDK6 in two fulvestrant-resistant cell models versus sensitive cells. Reduction of CDK6 expression impaired fulvestrant-resistant cell growth and induced apoptosis. Treatment with palbociclib resensitized fulvestrant-resistant cells to fulvestrant through alteration of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. High CDK6 levels in metastatic samples from two independent cohorts of breast cancer patients treated with fulvestrant (N = 45 and 46) correlated significantly with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) on fulvestrant treatment (P = 0.0006 and 0.018), whereas no association was observed in patients receiving other first- or second-/third-line endocrine treatments (N = 68, P = 0.135 and 0.511, respectively).
Conclusions: Our results indicate that upregulation of CDK6 may be an important mechanism in overcoming fulvestrant-mediated growth inhibition in breast cancer cells. Patients with advanced ER+ breast cancer exhibiting high CDK6 expression in the metastatic lesions show shorter PFS upon fulvestrant treatment and thus may benefit from the addition of CDK4/6 inhibitors in their therapeutic regimens. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5514–26. ©2016 AACR.
Endothelial RAGE exacerbates acute postischaemic cardiac inflammation
Authors: Ziegler Tilman , Horstkotte Melanie , Lange Philipp , Ng Judy , Bongiovanni Dario , Hinkel Rabea , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Sperandio Markus , Horstkotte Jan , Kupatt Christian 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAdvanced glycation end-products (AGEs) interact with their receptor RAGE, leading to an inflammatory state. We investigated the role of RAGE in postischaemic leukocyte adhesion after myocardial infarction and its effect on postischaemic myocardial function. Wildtype (WT), ICAM-1-/-, RAGE-/- or ICAM-1/RAGE-/- mice underwent 20 minutes (min) of LAD-occlusion followed by 15 min of reperfusion. We applied in vivo fluorescence microscopy visualising Rhodamine-6G labelled leukocytes. To differentiate between endothelial and leukocyte RAGE, we generated bone marrow chimeric mice. Invasive hemodynamic measurements were performed in mice undergoing 45 min of myocardial ischaemia (via LAD-occlusion) followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Left-ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was assessed by insertion of a millar-tip catheter into the left ventricle. In the acute model of myocardial ischaemia, leukocyte retention (WT 68 ± 4 cells/ hpf) was significantly reduced in ICAM-1-/- (40 ± 3 cells/hpf) and RAGE-/- mice (38 ± 4 cells/hpf). ICAM-1/RAGE-/- mice displayed an additive reduction of leukocyte retention (ICAM-1/RAGE-/- 15 ± 3 cells/ hpf). Ly-6G+ neutrophil were predominantly reduced in ICAM-1/RAGE-/- hearts (28%), whereas Ly-6C+ proinflammatory monocytes decreased to a lesser extent (55%). Interestingly, PMN recruitment was not affected in chimeric mice with RAGE deficiency in BM cells (WT mice reconstituted with ICAM-1/RAGE-/- BM: 55 ± 4 cells/hpf) while in mice with global RAGE deficiency (ICAM-1/RAGE-/- mice reconstituted with ICAM-1/RAGE-/- BM) leucocyte retention was significantly reduced (13 ± 1 cells/hpf), similar to non-transplanted ICAM/ RAGE-/- mice. Furthermore, postischaemic LVDP increased in ICAM-1/RAGE-/- animals (98 ± 4 mmHg vs 86 ± 4 mmHg in WT mice). In conclusion, combined deficiency of ICAM-1 and RAGE reduces leukocyte influx into infarcted myocardium and improves LV function during the acute phase after myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. RAGE represents an additional pro-inflammatory endothelial mediator of ischaemia-reperfusion injury.