bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process-oriented modelling to identify main drivers of erosion-induced carbon fluxes
Authors: Wilken Florian , Sommer Michael , Van Oost Kristof , Bens Oliver , Fiener Peter 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Coupled modelling of soil erosion, carbon redistribution, and turnover has received great attention over the last decades due to large uncertainties regarding erosion-induced carbon fluxes. For a process-oriented representation of event dynamics, coupled soil–carbon erosion models have been developed. However, there are currently few models that represent tillage erosion, preferential water erosion, and transport of different carbon fractions (e.g. mineral bound carbon, carbon encapsulated by soil aggregates). We couple a process-oriented multi-class sediment transport model with a carbon turnover model (MCST-C) to identify relevant redistribution processes for carbon dynamics. The model is applied for two arable catchments (3.7 and 7.8 ha) located in the Tertiary Hills about 40 km north of Munich, Germany. Our findings indicate the following: (i) redistribution by tillage has a large effect on erosion-induced vertical carbon fluxes and has a large carbon sequestration potential; (ii) water erosion has a minor effect on vertical fluxes, but episodic soil organic carbon (SOC) delivery controls the long-term erosion-induced carbon balance; (iii) delivered sediments are highly enriched in SOC compared to the parent soil, and sediment delivery is driven by event size and catchment connectivity; and (iv) soil aggregation enhances SOC deposition due to the transformation of highly mobile carbon-rich fine primary particles into rather immobile soil aggregates.
Songs of the Spirit: Hymnody in the Moravian Mohican Missions
Authors: Wheeler Rachel , Eyerly Sarah 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
One of the core principles of the global Moravian missionary enterprise begun in the eighteenth century was to share the gospel through song. Moravians believed that music had the power to move the human heart, regardless of culture or geographic location. As a result, thousands of hymns were composed in the Native languages of the communities in which Moravian missionaries worked, including Mohican and Delaware communities in New York, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. A significant body of Mohican language hymns is preserved in the Moravian Archives in Bethlehem. The Moravian mission records allow for an unprecedented examination of the process of creating Native language hymns as well as an exploration of how these hymns came to be used by Native affiliates of the missions. This article argues that the Moravian Mohican hymns carried on Native understandings of the spiritual efficacy of song, while facilitating the engagement of new sources of spiritual power deployed toward easing the suffering caused by colonialism.
Donor‐Stabilized Silylene/Phosphine‐Supported Carbon(0) Center with High Electron Density
Authors: Troadec Thibault , Wasano Tatsuya , Lenk Romaric , Baceiredo Antoine , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Hashizume Daisuke , Saito Yosuke , Nakata Norio , Branchadell Vicenç , Kato Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn isolable donor‐stabilized silavinylidene phosphorane was synthesized. This molecule, which can also be regarded as a new carbon(0) complex featuring a phosphine and a donor‐stabilized silylene ligand, presents a central carbon atom with a remarkably high electron density (−1.82). Furthermore, the experimental electron‐density study of this compound demonstrates the delocalization of the σ‐lone pair at the central carbon atom toward the silicon center, a feature which is remarkably different from electronic situation of other bent‐allene‐type molecules. This result clearly demonstrates the powerful electron‐donating ability of donor‐stabilized silylene ligands, as well as their excellent electron‐acceptor properties.
Modeling and closed‐loop control of particle size and initial burst of PLGA biodegradable nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery
Authors: Baghaei Bahareh , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Rezaee Babak , Goodarzi Vahabodin , Mohammadi Yousef 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTAn in‐house computer code based on artificial intelligence has been developed and applied in modeling and closed‐loop optimization of release behavior of Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) biodegradable particles. A series of micro‐ and nanoparticles were prepared via water‐in‐oil‐in‐water double emulsion to be loaded with albumin–fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate as a typical drug. The interrelationship between input variables (molecular weight of polymer and stabilizer, polymer concentration, and sonication rate) and outputs (PLGA particle size and percentage of initial burst) was uncovered with the aid of artificial neural network modeling. The regression analysis confirmed acceptable correlation coefficients for the aforementioned responses, where the PLGA molecular weight played the most important role among the studied variables. Input variables needed to minimize PLGA size and PLGA initial burst were then obtained via multiobjective optimization performed by a genetic algorithm. PLGA nanoparticles were checked for particle size and particle size distribution using scanning electron micrographs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45145.
Financial analyses of potential biojet fuel production technologies
Authors: Pereira Lucas G. , MacLean Heather L. , Saville Brad A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBio‐based jet fuels are projected by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to play a major role in meeting greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. Recent literature has identified promising pathways for biojet fuel production, including several pathways approved by the ASTM International. Despite the importance of this topic, only a few studies have examined the financial metrics of biojet production, and different assumptions make it difficult to compare results. This paper evaluates and compares the financial viability of six key biojet fuel production pathways using appropriate biomass feedstocks. The pathways were analyzed from a technical and financial perspective, utilizing a common discounted cash flow approach and Monte Carlo analysis, considering internal (e.g. scale‐up to commercial scale) and external (e.g. oil price) uncertainties. The hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids technology with oil feedstock had the most promising financial results, with an internal rate of return of over 26% and a 70% probability of exceeding the minimum attractive rate of return (MARR = 15%) even under the most pessimistic scenario. The next most attractive pathway was catalytic hydrothermolysis, which had favorable financial performance, but only under a scenario that assumed an oil price range of $93 to $140 per barrel. Pyrolysis and gasification with Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis presented high financial risk under an oil price range of $50 to $93 per barrel and low technical development scenarios, whereas the alcohol‐to‐jet and direct‐fermentation‐to‐jet technologies were found to be unlikely to achieve the MARR for any of the scenarios. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Active‐Site His85 of Pasteurella dagmatis Sialyltransferase Facilitates Productive Sialyl Transfer and So Prevents Futile Hydrolysis of CMP‐Neu5Ac
Authors: Schmölzer Katharina , Eibinger Manuel , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSialyltransferases of the GT‐80 glycosyltransferase family are considered multifunctional because of the array of activities detected. They exhibit glycosyl transfer, trans‐sialylation, and hydrolysis activities. How these enzymes utilize their active‐site residues in balancing the different enzymatic activities is not well understood. In this study of Pasteurella dagmatis α2,3sialyltransferase, we show that the conserved His85 controls efficiency and selectivity of the sialyl transfer. A His85→Asn variant was 200 times less efficient than wild‐type for sialylation of lactose, and exhibited relaxed site selectivity to form not only the α2,3‐ but also the α2,6‐sialylated product (21 %). The H85N variant was virtually inactive in trans‐sialylation but showed almost the same CMP‐Neu5Ac hydrolase activity as wild‐type. The competition between sialyl transfer and hydrolysis in the conversion of CMP‐Neu5Ac was dependent on the lactose concentration; this was characterized by a kinetic partition ratio of 85 m−1 for the H85N variant, compared to 17 000 m−1 for the wild‐type enzyme. His85 promotes the productive sialyl transfer to lactose and so prevents hydrolysis of CMP‐Neu5Ac in the reaction.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Ni on Cu Nanoparticles for Methanol Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhao Fuzhen , Gong Miao , Cao Kun , Zhang Yuhua , Li Jinlin , Chen Rong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBimetallic Ni1Cu8/γ‐Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and impregnation methods. By combing N2 adsorption/desorption, N2O oxidation followed by H2 titration, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), we showed the differences in the physicochemical properties of the bimetallic catalysts between the two methods. The results indicated that the sample prepared by the ALD method has a higher CH3OH yield (1.5 mmol g−1 h−1) than the sample obtained by the impregnation method (0.7 mmol g−1 h−1). The highly dispersed alloy particles and stronger interaction between Cu and Ni are the key factors for the enhanced catalytic performance of the sample prepared by the ALD method.
Formation of Uniform FeP Hollow Microspheres Assembled by Nanosheets for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Guo Xiaosong , Feng Zijia , Lv Zezhong , Bu Yufan , Liu Qiulin , Zhao Longqing , Hao Chuncheng , Li Guicun , Lei Qingquan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHigh‐performance electrocatalysts with superior stability are critically important for their practical applications in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Recently, some electrocatalysts with hollow and porous structures have attracted much attention because of their large surface‐to‐volume ratio and highly exposed active edge sites. In this study, the hierarchical Fe‐based glycolate hollow microspheres composed of nanosheet subunits are synthesized by the solvothermal method. The morphology and microstructure of Fe‐based glycolate hollow microspheres can be controlled by adjusting the amount of ethylenediamine. After phosphorizing in nitrogen, the Fe‐based glycolate can be converted into FeP with well‐retained structure. Furthermore, the hierarchical FeP hollow microspheres have been used as electrocatalysts for HER. Benefitting from its high surface area, the FeP hollow microspheres exhibited high catalytic activity toward HER with low onset overpotential, small Tafel slope, and good stability under acidic conditions. The excellent catalytic activity and long‐term stability suggest promising application potential of FeP hollow microspheres in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Preparation and Fluorescence Properties of Perylenediimide Nanodispersions Having a One‐Dimensional π‐Stacked Structure
Authors: Sasaki Shino , Higuchi Shohei , Asahi Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe inside cover artwork is provided by Dr. Tsuyoshi Asahi and Shino Sasaki. The image shows the fabrication of perylenediimide nanocrystals composed of π‐stacking 1‐D columns by laser fragmentation in liquid and exciton migration in nanocrystals. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201601413.
The role of conservative versus innovative nesting behavior on the 25‐year population expansion of an avian predator
Authors: Dias Andreia , Palma Luís , Carvalho Filipe , Neto Dora , Real Joan , Beja Pedro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSpecies ranges often change in relation to multiple environmental and demographic factors. Innovative behaviors may affect these changes by facilitating the use of novel habitats, although this idea has been little explored. Here, we investigate the importance of behavior during range change, using a 25‐year population expansion of Bonelli's eagle in southern Portugal. This unique population is almost exclusively tree nesting, while all other populations in western Europe are predominantly cliff nesting. During 1991–2014, we surveyed nest sites and estimated the year when each breeding territory was established. We approximated the boundaries of 84 territories using Dirichlet tessellation and mapped topography, land cover, and the density of human infrastructures in buffers (250, 500, and 1,000 m) around nest and random sites. We then compared environmental conditions at matching nest and random sites within territories using conditional logistic regression, and used quantile regression to estimate trends in nesting habitats in relation to the year of territory establishment. Most nests (>85%,n = 197) were in eucalypts, maritime pines, and cork oaks. Nest sites were farther from the nests of neighboring territories than random points, and they were in areas with higher terrain roughness, lower cover by agricultural and built‐up areas, and lower road and powerline densities. Nesting habitat selection varied little with year of territory establishment, although nesting in eucalypts increased, while cliff nesting and cork oak nesting, and terrain roughness declined. Our results suggest that the observed expansion of Bonelli's eagles was facilitated by the tree nesting behavior, which allowed the colonization of areas without cliffs. However, all but a very few breeding pairs settled in habitats comparable to those of the initial population nucleus, suggesting that after an initial trigger possibly facilitated by tree nesting, the habitat selection remained largely conservative. Overall, our study supports recent calls to incorporate information on behavior for understanding and predicting species range shifts.
Functional traits of the understory plant community of a pyrogenic longleaf pine forest across environmental gradients
Authors: Ames Gregory M. , Anderson Steven M. , Ungberg Eric A. , Wright Justin P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnderstanding and predicting the response of plant communities to environmental changes and disturbances such as fire requires an understanding of the functional traits present in the system, including within and across species variability, and their dynamics over time. These data are difficult to obtain as few studies provide comprehensive information for more than a few traits or species, rarely cover more than a single growing season, and usually present only summary statistics of trait values. As part of a larger study seeking to understand the dynamics of plant communities in response to different prescribed fire regimes, we measured the functional traits of the understory plant communities located in over 140 permanent plots spanning strong gradients in soil moisture in a pyrogenic longleaf pine forest in North Carolina, USA, over a four‐year period from 2011 and 2014. We present over 120,000 individual trait measurements from over 130 plant species representing 91 genera from 47 families. We include data on the following 18 traits: specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, leaf perimeter, plant height, leaf nitrogen, leaf carbon, leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio, water use efficiency, time to ignition, maximum flame height, maximum burn temperature, mass‐specific burn time, mass‐specific smolder time, branching architecture, and the ratio of leaf matter consumed by fire. We also include information on locations, soil moisture, relative elevation, soil bulk density, and fire histories for each site.
Facile Fabrication of Nanoporous Bi2WO6 Photoanodes for Efficient Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Dong Guojun , Zhang Yajun , Wang Wei , Wang Lei , Bi Yingpu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNanoporous bismuth tungsten oxide (Bi2WO6) photoanodes are synthesized by using a facile drop‐casting strategy for one‐step fabrication. The Bi2WO6 photoanode exhibits significantly improved solar photo‐electrochemical capability for water oxidation. The photocurrent density is nearly 10 times higher than the traditional particle photoanodes. In addition, synchronous illumination X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SIXPS) was employed to directly identify the charge separation and electron transfer in the nanoporous Bi2WO6 photoanodes, which clearly reveals that the electrons transfer from the Bi and W atomic sites to the O sites. These demonstrations provide further new insights into the origin of high efficiency in nanoporous photoanodes, which may be promising for the rational construction of solar conversion and storage devices.
Diagnostics and Prognostics‐Oriented Modeling of an NGSR Fuel Processor for Application in SOFC Systems
Authors: Pugliese F. , Trucco A. , Moser G. , Costamagna P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDiagnostics and prognostics of natural gas steam reforming (NGSR) reactors are of utmost importance for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems, where a fuel processor fault can cause damage to the SOFC stack. Most common faults are due to carbon deposition. We investigate this phenomenon through a model based on microscopic mass, energy and momentum balances of a tubular NGSR reactor. The model includes a detailed local reaction kinetics specific for Ni‐based catalysts, and is integrated numerically using a finite element method (FEM) implemented through COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2. Results obtained from the simulation of a laboratory scale reactor are validated on the basis of literature data. Furthermore, the model is applied to an NGSR fuel processor designed for an 1.1 kW SOFC system. The model allows to identify the area where carbon deposition is expected to occur, which is a key feature in view of developing specific diagnostic and prognostic tools. The simulation results demonstrate that safety criteria based on the feedstock steam to carbon (S/C) ratio can be misleading in a number of operating conditions.
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) as Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Chromene Derivatives Using Multicomponent Reaction of 4‐Hydroxycumarin Basis on Cheletropic Reaction
Authors: Ezzatzadeh Elham , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Rostamian Rezvaneh , Vaseghi Samaneh , Mousavi Seyyedeh Fatemeh 
Published: May 2017

A series of oxocyclopenta[c]chromenes were synthesized via three component reaction of 4‐hydroxycumarin, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate, α‐bromo ketones, and triphenylphosphine in the presence of catalytic amount of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) (15 mol%) under solvent‐free conditions at 70°C. Facile, green, easy separation of product and catalyst, and high yields of products are advantages of these reactions.
Synthetic Approaches for the Preparation of Phosphoramidate Prodrugs of 2′‐Deoxypseudoisocytidine
Authors: Serpi Michaela , De Biasi Roberto , Pertusati Fabrizio , Slusarczyk Magdalena , McGuigan Christopher 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA synthetic procedure for the preparation of phosphoramidate prodrugs of C‐nucleosides is reported. Different phosphorochloridates were reacted with 3′‐O‐protected N‐acetyl‐2′‐deoxypseudoisocytidine or 3′‐O‐protected 2′‐deoxypseudoisocytidine, followed by acidic hydrolysis of the protecting group. In the presence of the N‐acetyl moiety, the enolisable keto group of the nucleobase was able to react (like the 5′‐OH) with the phosphorochloridates to give bisphosphorylated derivatives. Epimerisation (β to α) occurred if the amino group of the nucleobase was unprotected. These side reactions demonstrate the peculiar behaviour of C‐nucleosides compared to their nucleoside analogues. It was demonstrated that the first enzymatic activation step for this new class of prodrugs can be mediated by carboxypeptidase and that it follows the same pathway and rate reported for ProTides of more conventional nucleoside analogues. These new phosphoramidate derivatives deserve further investigation for their therapeutic potential as anti‐cancer agents.
A modified noninvasive screening protocol for pulmonary hypertension in children with sickle cell disease—Who should be sent for invasive evaluation?
Authors: Lilje Christian , Harry Jordan , Gajewski Kelly K. , Gardner Renee V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundInvasive studies have shown that prevalence and severity of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) tend to be overestimated if based exclusively on Doppler‐derived tricuspid regurgitant velocity (TRV) as surrogate noninvasive marker with a cutoff ≥2.5 m/s.ObjectivesWe aimed to better define a subgroup of pediatric SCD patients who should be sent for invasive evaluation of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) based on a modified echocardiographic PH screening protocol that implements evidence from Doppler–catheter comparative studies.Study DesignCharts of 121 pediatric patients with stable SCD were reviewed regarding echocardiographically assessed risk for elevated PAP/PH and associated clinical characteristics. TRV cutoff was refined at ≥2.9 m/s to avoid overestimating the risk for PH. TRV was combined with additional echocardiographic parameters to avoid underestimating the PH risk.ResultsNinety‐one patients qualified for analysis. Based on our modified echocardiographic protocol, 5.5% of patients qualified for at least moderate risk for elevated PAP (compatible with PH) as opposed to 20.9% if based exclusively on TRV ≥2.5 m/s. These patients were older, homozygous for hemoglobin S (HbSS), and more anemic. No subject had an echocardiographic risk constellation suggesting more than mild PH.ConclusionsOur modified noninvasive screening protocol—if confirmed by invasive studies—may help to better identify a subgroup of pediatric SCD patients in whom evaluation by catheterization appears justified. Unlike estimates based on the conventional protocol, the size of the targeted subgroup compares favorably with catheterization‐confirmed PH prevalence rates. Characteristics associated with an increased PH risk were also identified.
Refractory cytopenias secondary to copper deficiency in children receiving exclusive jejunal nutrition
Authors: Jacobson Amanda E. , Kahwash Samir B. , Chawla Anjulika 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCopper deficiency is a known cause of anemia and neutropenia that is easily remedied with copper supplementation. Copper is primarily absorbed in the stomach and proximal duodenum, so patients receiving enteral nutrition via methods that bypass this critical region may be at increased risk for copper deficiency. In pediatrics, postpyloric enteral feeding is increasingly utilized to overcome problems related to aspiration, severe reflux, poor gastric motility, and gastric outlet obstruction. However, little is known about the prevalence of copper deficiency in this population. We describe three pediatric patients receiving exclusive jejunal feeds who developed cytopenias secondary to copper deficiency.