bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic‐based identification of clusters that reflect dietary patterns
Authors: Gibbons Helena , Carr Eibhlin , McNulty Breige A. , Nugent Anne P. , Walton Janette , Flynn Albert , Gibney Michael J. , Brennan Lorraine 
Published: June 2017

ScopeClassification of subjects into dietary patterns generally relies on self‐reporting dietary data which are prone to error. The aim of the present study was to develop a model for objective classification of people into dietary patterns based on metabolomic data.Methods and resultsDietary and urinary metabolomic data from the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) was used in the analysis (n = 567). Two‐step cluster analysis was applied to the urinary data to identify clusters. The subsequent model was used in an independent cohort to classify people into dietary patterns. Two distinct dietary patterns were identified. Cluster 1 was characterized by significantly higher intakes of breakfast cereals, low fat and skimmed milks, potatoes, fruit, fish and fish dishes (p < 0.05) representing a “healthy” cluster. Cluster 2 had significantly higher intakes of chips/processed potatoes, meat products, savory snacks and high‐energy beverages (p < 0.05) representing an “unhealthy cluster”. Classification was supported by significant differences in nutrient status (p < 0.05). Validation in an independent group revealed that 94% of subjects were correctly classified.ConclusionThe model developed was capable of classifying individuals into dietary patterns based on metabolomics data. Future applications of this approach could be developed for rapid and objective assignment of subjects into dietary patterns.
3,3’‐Diindolylmethane suppresses high‐fat diet‐induced obesity through inhibiting adipogenesis of pre‐adipocytes by targeting USP2 activity
Authors: Yang Hee , Seo Sang Gwon , Shin Seung Ho , Min Soyun , Kang Min Jeong , Yoo Ra , Kwon Jeong Yeon , Yue Shuhua , Kim Kee Hong , Cheng Ji‐Xin , Kim Jong Rhan , Park Joon‐Suk , Kim Jong Hun , Park Jung Han Yoon , Lee Hyong Joo , Lee Ki Won 
Published: June 2017

ScopeIndole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a derivative abundant in cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, is well known for its various health benefits such as chemo‐preventive and anti‐obesity effects. I3C is easily metabolized to 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM), a more stable form, in acidic conditions of the stomach. However, the anti‐obesity effect of DIM has not been investigated clearly. We sought to investigate the effect of DIM on diet‐induced obesity and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms.Methods and resultsHigh‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed obese mouse and MDI‐induced 3T3‐L1 adipogenesis models were used to study the effect of DIM. We observed that the administration of DIM (50 mg/kg BW) significantly suppressed HFD‐induced obesity, associated with a decrease in adipose tissue. Additionally, we observed that DIM treatment (40 and 60 μM), but not I3C treatment, significantly inhibited MDI‐induced adipogenesis by reducing the levels of several adipogenic proteins such as PPAR‐γ and C/EBPα. DIM, but not I3C, suppressed cell cycle progression in the G1 phase, which occurred in the early stage of adipogenesis, inducing post‐translational degradation of cyclin D1 by inhibiting ubiquitin specific peptidase 2 (USP2) activities.ConclusionOur findings indicate that cruciferous vegetables, which can produce DIM as a metabolite, have the potential to prevent or treat chronic obesity.
Benchmarking Geant4 hadronic models for prompt‐γ monitoring in carbon ion therapy
Authors: Vanstalle Marie , Mattei Ilaria , Sarti Alessio , Bellini Fabio , Bini Fabiano , Collamati Francesco , Lucia Erika De , Durante Marco , Faccini Riccardo , Ferroni Fernando , Finck Christian , Fiore Salvatore , Marafini Michela , Patera Vincenzo , Piersanti Luca , Rovituso Marta , Schuy Christoph , Sciubba Adalberto , Traini Giacomo , Voena Cecilia , Tessa Chiara La 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe real‐time monitoring of the spread‐out Bragg peak would allow the planned dose delivered during treatment to be directly verified, but this poses a major challenge in modern ion beam therapy. A possible method to achieve this goal is to exploit the production of secondary particles by the nuclear reactions of the beam with the patient and correlate their emission profile to the planned target volume position. In this study, we present both the production rate and energy spectra of the prompt‐γ produced by the interactions of the 12C ion beam with a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) target. We also assess three different Monte Carlo models for prompt‐γ simulation based on our experimental data.MethodsThe experiment was carried out at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany with a 220 MeV/u 12C ions beam impinging on a 5× 5× 20 cm3 polymethyl methacrylate beam stopping target, with the prompt‐γ being detected by a hexagonally‐shaped barium fluoride scintillator with a circumscribed radius of 5.4 cm and a length of 14 cm, placed at 60° and 90° with respect to the beam direction. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out with three different hadronic models from the Geant4 code: binary ion cascade (BIC), quantum molecular dynamics (QMD), and Liege intranuclear cascade (INCL++).ResultsAn experimental prompt‐γ yield of 1.06 × 10−2 sr−1 was measured at 90°. A good agreement was observed between the shapes of the experimental and simulated energy spectra, especially with the INCL++ physics list. The prompt‐γ yield obtained with this physics list was compatible with the measurement within 2σ, with a relative difference of 26% on average. BIC and QMD physics lists proved to be less accurate than INCL++, with the difference between the measured and simulated yields exceeding 100%. The differences between the three physics lists were ascribed to important discrepancies between the models of the physical processes producing prompt‐γ emissions.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study provides prompt‐γ yield values in agreement with previously published results for different carbon ions energies. This work demonstrates that the INCL++ physics list from Geant4 is more accurate than BIC and QMD to reproduce prompt‐γ emission properties.
Interpulse phase corrections for unbalanced pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling at high magnetic field
Authors: Hirschler Lydiane , Debacker Clément S. , Voiron Jérôme , Köhler Sascha , Warnking Jan M. , Barbier Emmanuel L. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo evaluate a prescan‐based radiofrequency phase‐correction strategy for unbalanced pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) at 9.4 T in vivo and to test its robustness toward suboptimal shim conditions.MethodsLabel and control interpulse phases were optimized separately by means of two prescans in rats. The mean perfusion as well as the interhemispherical symmetry were measured for several phase combinations (optimized versus theoretical phases) to evaluate the correction quality. Interpulse phases were also optimized under degraded shim conditions (i.e., up to four times the study shim values) to test the strategy's robustness.ResultsFor all tested shim conditions, the full arterial spin labeling (ASL) signal could be restored. Without any correction, the relative ASL signal was 1.4 ± 1.7%. It increased to 3.6 ± 1.4% with an optimized label phase and to 5.3 ± 1.2% with optimized label and control phases. Moreover, asymmetry between brain hemispheres, which could be as high as 100% without phase optimization, was dramatically reduced to 1 ± 3% when applying optimized label and control phases.ConclusionsPseudo‐continuous ASL at high magnetic field is very sensitive to shim conditions. Label and control radiofrequency phase optimization based on prescans robustly maximizes the ASL signal obtained with unbalanced pCASL and minimizes the asymmetry between hemispheres. Magn Reson Med 79:1314–1324, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Experimental setup for transfer function measurement to assess RF heating of medical leads in MRI: Validation in the case of a single wire
Authors: Missoffe Alexia , Aissani Sarra 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe measurement of the transfer function is a good tool to evaluate the radiofrequency heating of complex conductive wires, such as pacemaker leads. The aim is to describe precisely the design of a transfer function bench and compare the measurements to simulations.MethodsThe transfer function was measured by mean of an excitation probe and a receiving probe, both connected to a two‐port vector network analyzer. The experimental results were compared with the simulated results, reproducing the excitation scheme. This procedure was applied to two different cables with different geometrical and insulation properties to test the robustness of the setup.ResultsIt is possible to touch the cable electrode with the excitation probe without inducing an error in the measured transfer function, which solves the direct coupling problem. There is a good agreement between the measured and simulated transfer function for both tested cables.ConclusionsA valid transfer function measurement bench is described. Magn Reson Med 79:1766–1772, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Liver-Directed Human Amniotic Epithelial Cell Transplantation Improves Systemic Disease Phenotype in Hurler Syndrome Mouse Model
Authors: Rodriguez Natalie S. , Yanuaria Lisa , Parducho Kevin Murphy R. , Garcia Irving M. , Varghese Bino A. , Grubbs Brendan H. , Miki Toshio 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type 1 (MPS1) is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-degrading enzyme α-L-iduronidase (IDUA). In affected patients, the systemic accumulation of GAGs results in skeletal dysplasia, neurological degeneration, multiple organ dysfunction, and early death. Current therapies, including enzyme replacement and bone marrow transplant, improve life expectancy but the benefits to skeletal and neurological phenotypes are limited. In this study, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of liver-directed transplantation of a placental stem cell, which possesses multilineage differentiation potential, low immunogenicity, and high lysosomal enzyme activity. Unfractionated human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) were transplanted directly into the liver of immunodeficient Idua knockout mouse neonates. The hAECs engraftment was immunohistochemically confirmed with anti-human mitochondria staining. Enzyme activity assays indicated that hAECs transplantation restored IDUA function in the liver and significantly decreased urinary GAG excretion. Histochemical and micro-computed tomography analyses revealed reduced GAG deposition in the phalanges joints and composition/morphology improvement of cranial and facial bones. Neurological assessment in the hAEC treated mice showed significant improvement of sensorimotor coordination in the hAEC treated mice compared to untreated mice. Results confirm that partial liver cell replacement with placental stem cells can provide long-term (&gt;20 weeks) and systemic restoration of enzyme function, and lead to significant phenotypic improvement in the MPS1 mouse model. This preclinical data indicate that liver-directed placental stem cell transplantation may improve skeletal and neurological phenotypes of MPS1 patients.
Local characterization‐based load shape factor definition for electricity customer classification
Authors: Piao Minghao , Ryu Keun Ho 
Published: June 2017

Normally, electricity customer classification is based on the uncertain customer information found in the customer information system, such as customer type, contract type, and so on. Now that automatic meter‐reading (AMR) system is becoming common, customer classification and load profiling can be done by using actual consumption data.Different consumption behaviors are represented as different geometrical patterns in the actual consumption data. Based on this fact, in our study, a local characterization‐based method is used to define load shape factors from actual consumption data by detecting the local geometrical patterns of load diagrams. These load shape factors are evaluated during customer classification, and they are proved to be better than actual consumption data for customer classification. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Diversity effects under different nutrient addition and cutting frequency environments in experimental plant communities
Authors: Yin Xin , Qi Wei , Du Guozhen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe effects of biodiversity on productivity have been well studied in the past decades. However, the responses of these biodiversity effects to modern grassland managements have not been explicitly tested. By establishing a five years diversity‐manipulated experiment with different cutting frequency and nutrient addition levels, we explored the changes of biodiversity effects and the underlying mechanisms under these managements. Our results showed that community biomass increased with species richness. The correlations were observed under all management regimes, but their strengths varied with management intensity. The net biodiversity effects (NE) increased with nutrient supply, but reduced with frequent cutting. These two factors also interactively influenced NE. Importantly, their influences could last 5 years or longer. The NE changes mainly resulted from the variations of complementarity effects (CE), i.e., the aboveground space partitioning of our species. However, the selection effects (SE) were minimally influenced by nutrient addition and cutting frequency, indicating that under these conditions our species had comparably competitive strength. Especially, CE increased over time in highly cutting subplots, suggesting that this relationship was condition–dependent. We conclude that biodiversity is vitally important for ecosystem functioning even when the ecosystems are disturbed by human activities, and is most effective in enhancing biomass productivity under nutrient supply and low cutting frequency conditions. Field studies with species that come from other functional groups are needed to draw a more general conclusion.
Symmetric Amphiphilic Molecules with Hydroxyl‐Cinnamic‐Acid Dimer Cores: Photo‐alterable Aggregation and Thermal Sensitivity
Authors: Zhao Zhongqiang , Xue Xiang , Lu Jun , Liu Huarong , Liu Hewen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPhotolabile amphiphilic molecules with different lengths of PEG chains attached to hydroxyl cinnamic acid dimer cores (truxillic‐PEG) were synthesized. The truxillic acid core was prepared by UV‐induced dimerization of hydroxyl cinnamic acid. These symmetric truxillic‐PEG molecules formed a dispersion or stable micelles in water, which exhibited PEG chain length‐dependent thermo‐responsive behaviors, with lower critical solution temperature changing from 15 °C (PEG300 branches) to 73 °C (PEG1000 branches). Furthermore, truxillic‐PEG600 was found to form vesicles in water, whereas truxillic‐PEG300, truxillic‐PEG400 and truxillic‐PEG1000 precipitated or formed spherical micelles. If the truxillic acid cores of these truxillic‐PEG were de‐dimerized under UV illumination at 254 nm, the de‐dimerized products became more water soluble, and did not show thermal responsivity at all. The rigid truxillic ester core is very important for the formation of micelles of truxillic‐PEG capable of thermal‐responding and vesicle‐forming. Such amphiphilic polymers with a small but well‐defined hydrophobic core capable of thermal‐responding and vesicle‐forming in water could be interesting not only for academic research, but also for biological or drug application which usually demands well‐defined molecules.
Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and Flammer syndrome—similarities and differences
Authors: Barthelmes Jens , Nägele Matthias P. , Ludovici Valeria , Ruschitzka Frank , Sudano Isabella , Flammer Andreas J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The endothelium has increasingly been recognized as a smart barrier and a key regulator of blood flow in micro- and macrovascular beds. Endothelial dysfunction marks a stage of atherosclerosis and is an important prognostic marker for cardiovascular disease. Yet, some people who tend to be slim and physically active and with rather low blood pressure show a propensity to respond to certain stimuli such as emotional stress with endothelial-mediated vascular dysregulation (Flammer syndrome). This leads to characteristic vascular symptoms such as cold hands but also a risk for vascular-mediated diseases such as normal-tension glaucoma. It is the aim of this review to delineate the differences between Flammer syndrome and its “counterpart” endothelial dysfunction in the context of cardiovascular diseases.
Re-conceptualizing the political economy of finance in the post-crisis era
Authors: Selmier W. Travis , Winecoff W. Kindred 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article introduces a special issue ofBusiness and PoliticsonProperty Rights, Financial Risk, and the Politics of a Networked Global Financial System. We introduce aspects of the articles in the issue and situate them within existing literatures in financial economics, public policy, political economy, regulation and governance, and network science. We do this through examining four key contributions in the special issue. First, we show that common conceptualizations of property rights in financial markets ignore the multidimensional nature of financial goods; examples of all goods types can be found in modern finance, and this fact has important implications for the politics and regulation of these markets. Second, we argue that models of financial actors as independent, atomistic agents neglect the relational nature of financial markets, and argue that theory and methodology from network science, financial economics and political economy provide useful ways to analyze these interdependent systems. Third, we discuss how the relational nature of risk leads to hierarchical patterns of financial interdependence, which bequeaths substantial amounts of power—within both market and political systems—to those actors that occupy core positions within the structure of interdependence. Fourth, we integrate ideas from papers in this special issue and related literature with concepts from the Ostrom School of political economy to consider how monitoring, self-governance, and polycentric applications might improve financial market governance. This issue's papers thus constitute one of the first combined attempts to bring the Ostrom School into substantive conversation with financial market governance and risk analysis through comparative and international political economy disciplines.
An institutional perspective on governance, power, and politics of financial risk
Authors: Selmier W. Travis 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAvoidance of risk and increasing returns are the two main motivators in finance. Returns are better understood and perhaps more easily regulated than financial risk, which is a complex and slippery concept. Financial risk may be best conceived of as a complementary good, but the nature of this good varies as the size of the investment position scales up. That is, the effects of financial risk may be conceived of as a private good for a small financial actor, but becomes a club good, then a common pool, and occasionally a public good as the impact of the investment position's financial risk spreads to affect more of society. Examining banking history shows us that banks and bankers have offset risk while retaining returns through structuring financial products and investment vehicles as club goods, thereby enabling financial actors to jointly benefit from ownership while harming those outside the club walls. Not surprisingly, this capacity to push risk outside club walls has grown commensurate with the political influence of banks and bankers. Laying out governance strategies and concepts, I suggest that in some circumstances pervasive club good structures in finance may be employed to gather regulation-enhancing information, to better understand the networked nature of financial risk and to craft self-governance structures.
Acquisition of a 3 min, two-dimensional glacier velocity field with terrestrial radar interferometry
Authors: VOYTENKO DENIS , DIXON TIMOTHY H. , HOLLAND DAVID M. , CASSOTTO RYAN , HOWAT IAN M. , FAHNESTOCK MARK A. , TRUFFER MARTIN , DE LA PEÑA SANTIAGO 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTOutlet glaciers undergo rapid spatial and temporal changes in flow velocity during calving events. Observing such changes requires both high temporal and high spatial resolution methods, something now possible with terrestrial radar interferometry. While a single such radar provides line-of-sight velocity, two radars define both components of the horizontal flow field. To assess the feasibility of obtaining the two-dimensional (2-D) flow field, we deployed two terrestrial radar interferometers at Jakobshavn Isbrae, a major outlet glacier on Greenland's west coast, in the summer of 2012. Here, we develop and demonstrate a method to combine the line-of-sight velocity data from two synchronized radars to produce a 2-D velocity field from a single (3 min) interferogram. Results are compared with the more traditional feature-tracking data obtained from the same radar, averaged over a longer period. We demonstrate the potential and limitations of this new dual-radar approach for obtaining high spatial and temporal resolution 2-D velocity fields at outlet glaciers.
RING ROAD: BIRMINGHAM AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE MOTOR CITY IDEAL IN 1970s BRITAIN
Authors: GUNN SIMON 
Published: June 2017

AbstractReconstructing Britain's cities to accommodate the ‘motor revolution’ was an integral part of urban renewal in the post-war decades. This article shows how opposition to urban motorways had a pivotal role in the retreat from urban modernism in the 1970s. It takes as its case-study Birmingham, Britain's premier motor city, headquarters of the motor industry, and with heavy investment in roads, including the Inner Ring, Britain's first urban motorway completed in 1971. The article traces the collapse of the motor city ideal in Birmingham sparked by controversy over car pollution at Spaghetti Junction, the growth of roads protest, and the implication of the Inner Ring in municipal corruption. In so doing, it identifies the intersection of environmental, political, and economic factors that lay behind the volte-face in urban policy and compares Birmingham with other cities which witnessed similar revolts. It argues that the 1970s in Britain saw the end of a specific engineering vision of the post-war city, centred on the car and the ‘citizen-driver’.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in Ménière's disease
Authors: Patel V A , Oberman B S , Zacharia T T , Isildak H 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectives:To identify and evaluate cranial magnetic resonance imaging findings associated with Ménière's disease.Methods:Seventy-eight patients with a documented diagnosis of Ménière's disease and 35 controls underwent 1.5 T or 3 T magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Patients also underwent otological, vestibular and audiometric examinations.Results:Lack of visualisation of the left and right vestibular aqueducts was identified as statistically significant amongst Ménière's disease patients (left,p= 0.0001, odds ratio = 0.02; right,p= 0.0004, odds ratio = 0.03). Both vestibular aqueducts were of abnormal size in the Ménière's disease group, albeit with left-sided significance (left,p= 0.008, odds ratio = 10.91; right,p= 0.49, odds ratio = 2.47).Conclusion:Lack of vestibular aqueduct visualisation on magnetic resonance imaging was statistically significant in Ménière's disease patients compared to the general population. The study findings suggest that magnetic resonance imaging can be useful to rule out retrocochlear pathology and provide radiological data to support the clinical diagnosis of Ménière's disease.