bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balancing Artificial Lift, Chemical Injection To Achieve Production Goals Over Life of Well
Authors: Phelps Rainer 
Published: September 2016

Technology Update
Production engineers are often asked to manage both the artificial lift (AL) system and the upstream chemical injection program for a project. Frequently the two services are managed separately, without considering the implications of each on the achievement of targeted levels of high-quality fluid production over the life of the well. For example, how do chemical treatments for scale, asphaltenes, and paraffin affect the AL system? How does one maintain integrity while protecting the AL system metallurgy from corrosion?
One answer is to look at production holistically in an approach called production enrichment to determine what is necessary to meet production objectives without jeopardizing the electrical submersible pump (ESP) equipment. This approach requires
Integrating chemical and AL expertise to understand the chemical composition of fluid streams and their effect on the AL system, and to deploy the best solution for chemical injection and AL
Meeting production levels and fluid quality objectives over the life of the well
Avoiding nonproductive time, well intervention, and equipment replacement costs
Confirming safety and environmental sustainability
Holistic Approach
The first step in production enrichment is analyzing the fluids and operational parameters of the well to fully understand the reservoir and wellbore challenges, and the production system requirements. The fluid analysis and production operation assessment confirm that the chemical treatment addresses the production fluid challenges and the AL system metallurgy.
Integrated, remote monitoring and automation of the upstream chemical program and the AL system help ensure that chemical injection rates remain at optimal levels and the AL system remains unencumbered by scale, asphaltenes, or paraffin, and runs at its best efficiency point (Fig. 1). Additionally, remote monitoring and automation substantially reduce trips to wellsites to check chemical tank levels and artificial lift parameters.
An integrated incident review and analysis process optimizes field management. Safety and environmental sustainability are enhanced, and health, safety, and environmental risk is mitigated, by using chemistries specifically designed to minimize the environmental impact of production operations, and by safer AL systems that have less potential for surface leaks and emissions.
Operators are reaping the benefits of production enrichment in applications ranging from enhanced oil recovery (EOR) CO2 flooding to shale plays and ultradeepwater.
Do Data-Mining Methods Matter? A Wolfcamp Shale Case Study
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: September 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 173334, “Do Data-Mining Methods Matter? A Wolfcamp Shale Case Study,” by Ming Zhong, SPE, Baker Hughes; Jared Schuetter and Srikanta Mishra, SPE, Battelle Memorial Institute; and Randy F. LaFollette, SPE, Baker Hughes, prepared for the 2015 SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, 3–5 February. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Data mining for production optimization in unconventional reservoirs brings together data from multiple sources with varying levels of aggregation, detail, and quality. The objective of this study was to compare and review the relative utility of several univariate and multivariate statistical and machine-learning methods in predicting the production quality of Permian Basin Wolfcamp shale wells. Methods considered were standard univariate and multivariate linear regression and the advanced machine-learning techniques support vector machine, random forests, and boosted regression trees.
Introduction
In the last few decades, because of the diminishing availability of conventional oil reserves, unconventional reservoirs are fast becoming the mainstream source of energy resources. In the meantime, with technology advances in data collection, storage, and processing, the oil and gas industry, along with every other technical industry, is experiencing an era of data explosion. One of the more frequently asked questions is, “How can these massive amounts of data in unconventional jobs be used to understand better the relationship between operational parameters and well production?” To tackle this problem, raw data usually need to be pulled from multiple data sources, a data-cleanse job needs to be run, and the information needs to be merged into a joint data set for subsequent analysis.
Here, a data set from Permian Basin Wolfcamp shale wells is used as a case study to illustrate the implementation of several popular analytic methods in data mining. The study area is within the Delaware basin in west Texas. Fig. 1 is color-contoured on the top of the Wolfcamp and highlights the basin structure in the greater area, with the deep basin in purple and the shallowest Wolfcamp contours in red. Well locations are bubble mapped on top of the contours. The bubble-map color scheme has the best monthly oil production per completed foot of lateral (log 10 scale) shown in red and the poorest wells shown in purple.
The data set contains 476 Wolfcamp shale horizontal wells with production histories from the Permian Basin. Three production metrics serve as target variables in each method: the cumulative oil production of the first 12 producing months in barrels, the maximum monthly oil production of the first 12 producing months in barrels (MMO12), and the derived production efficiency by MMO12 over the total lateral length in barrels per foot.
Well-architecture variables included operator, well azimuth, drift angle, true vertical depth in feet, and cumulative lateral length in feet.
Integrated Approach to Sand Management in Mature-Field Operations
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: September 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 174180, “Integrated Approach to Sand Management in Mature-Field Operations,” by M. Ruslan and P.Y. Lee, Dong Energy, prepared for the 2015 SPE European Formation Damage Conference, Budapest, Hungary, 3–5 June. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
An integrated approach to sand management is crucial to address sanding risk in producers and injectors in a North Sea mature field. The concept incorporates the Lean Six Sigma approach and is developed with a major focus on the rehabilitation of mature fields, where each barrel of oil counts and uncertainty (both technical and economical) is an increasing challenge. High decline in productivity and increased operational challenges are common issues for mature fields.
Introduction
The Siri asset comprises a series of marginal mature fields. They are located 220 km from the coast parallel to the northwestern edge of the Danish sector of the North Sea, with average water depth of 60 m. The relatively weak cemented fine- to very-fine-grained Paleogene sandstones from the Siri Canyon in the Danish North Sea are characterized by high content of glauconite, occasionally greater than 30%. The high glauconite content is a result of the sand being stored at the sediment-starved Stavanger platform before being shed into the North Sea by density and mass flows. After deposition, controlled by seafloor topography and pre-existing gullies, the sands experience remobilization in various degrees.
The reservoir quality is generally good, with high porosities and high permeability. The asset is currently under waterflooding secondary recovery, with the main objective being pressure support and displacement efficiency in respective parts of the reservoir. Multiple enhanced-oil-recovery projects are ongoing or under evaluation, such as simultaneous water and gas injection and huff ’n’ puff gas injection.
Fitorremediación de mercurio a partir de elodea sp
Authors: Jaramillo F. María Consuelo , Zapata O. Luisa Fernanda , Marulanda L. Tatiana 
Published: September 2016

El mercurio es un contaminante derivado de la minería, el cual es altamente tóxico para plantas, animales y el ser humano. El mercurio se bioacumula en plantas y peces que son de consumo humano. En esta investigación se evaluó la capacidad de biorremediación del ion mercurio por la planta macrofita Elodea sp. Tallos de 35-36 cm de la planta fueron sometidos a diferentes concentraciones de solución de HgCl2. Las concentraciones evaluadas fueron de 0,39mg/ml, 1,55mg/ml y de 6,25mg/ml, aunque la planta Elodea sp mostró un gran desempeño en las tres soluciones, con la concentración de 1,55mg/ml obtuvo un porcentaje de remoción del 100%, lo cual lo convierte en las condiciones a las que debe ser removido el mercurio.
The Effect of Partner Communications of Fraud Likelihood and Skeptical Orientation on Auditors' Professional Skepticism
Authors: Harding Noel , Trotman Ken T. 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARY
We investigate the effect of partner communication on the level of professional skepticism in auditor judgments and actions within the context of the fraud brainstorming discussion meeting where the partner is of the view that there is a low likelihood of fraud. Across two studies, we examine the effect on professional skepticism of the partner's communication on the likelihood of fraud (making their own view known, making management's view known, or not making any view known) and the skeptical orientation being encouraged (outward orientation toward the veracity of management representations and/or inward toward the fallibility of the auditor's judgment processes). We find that auditors exhibit higher levels of professional skepticism when the partner expresses management's view, rather than their own view or no view, that there is a low likelihood of fraud. We also consider what causes these differences. Emphasizing an inward skeptical orientation was not found to be more effective in encouraging professional skepticism in audit judgments than emphasizing an outward skeptical orientation. Importantly, emphasizing both an inward and outward skeptical orientation was more effective in encouraging professional skepticism in audit actions than emphasizing only an outward orientation.
Pancreatic Safety of Sitagliptin in the TECOS Study
Authors: Buse John B. , Bethel M. Angelyn , Green Jennifer B. , Stevens Susanna R. , Lokhnygina Yuliya , Aschner Pablo , Grado Carlos Raffo , Tankova Tsvetalina , Wainstein Julio , Josse Robert , Lachin John M. , Engel Samuel S. , Patel Keyur , Peterson Eric D. , Holman Rury R. 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE
We evaluated the incidence of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease who were treated with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS) study, a cardiovascular safety study of sitagliptin, all suspected cases of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer were collected prospectively for 14,671 participants during a median follow-up time of 3 years, and were adjudicated blindly.

RESULTS
Baseline differences were minimal between participants confirmed to have no pancreatic events, acute pancreatitis, or pancreatic cancer. Among those participants randomized to receive sitagliptin, 23 (0.3%) (vs. 12 randomized to receive placebo [0.2%]) had pancreatitis (hazard ratio 1.93 [95% CI 0.96–3.88], P = 0.065; 0.107 vs. 0.056/100 patient-years), with 25 versus 17 events, respectively. Severe pancreatitis (two fatal) occurred in four individuals allocated to receive sitagliptin. Cases of pancreatic cancer were numerically fewer with sitagliptin (9 [0.1%]) versus placebo (14 [0.2%]) (hazard ratio 0.66 [95% CI 0.28–1.51], P = 0.32; 0.042 vs. 0.066 events/100 patient-years). Meta-analysis with two other DPP-4i cardiovascular outcome studies showed an increased risk for acute pancreatitis (risk ratio 1.78 [95% CI 1.13–2.81], P = 0.01) and no significant effect for pancreatic cancer (risk ratio 0.54 [95% CI 0.28–1.04], P = 0.07).

CONCLUSIONS
Pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer were uncommon events with rates that were not statistically significantly different between the sitagliptin and placebo groups, although numerically more sitagliptin participants developed pancreatitis and fewer developed pancreatic cancer. Meta-analysis suggests a small absolute increased risk for pancreatitis with DPP-4i therapy.
Variation in vegetative morphology tracks the complex genetic diversification of the mycoheterotrophic species Pyrola japonica sensu lato
Authors: Shutoh Kohtaroh , Kaneko Shingo , Suetsugu Kenji , Naito Yuichi I. , Kurosawa Takahide 
Published: September 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Although the evolution of full mycoheterotrophy has attracted many plant researchers, molecular phylogenetic studies that focus on the transition from partial to full mycoheterotrophy are limited to a few taxa. Pyrola japonica sensu lato is an ideal model for examining the evolution of mycoheterotrophy, owing to its variable leaf size, which suggests that the species comprises several transitional stages.METHODS:To elucidate the molecular and morphological changes that occur during the evolutionary transition between partial and full mycoheterotrophy in P. japonica s.l. from 18 populations in Japan, we estimated a parsimony network of plastid haplotypes based on three noncoding regions, measured the leaf size and scape color of the shoots, and compared morphology among haplotypes.KEY RESULTS:The seven haplotypes exhibited star‐like relationships, and at least three divergent haplotypes were associated with differences in morphology. The first was mainly observed in large‐leaved and green‐scaped populations, whereas the second was observed in extremely small‐leaved and reddish‐scaped populations, which indicated a high degree of mycoheterotrophy, and the last was detected among mixed populations with both green‐ and reddish‐scaped shoots with intermediate leaf sizes. In addition, the inconsistent association between the haplotypes and morphology suggests a complex relationship.CONCLUSIONS:Pyrola japonica s.l. has at least three separate genetic lineages that have different leaf morphologies. The genetic lineages and their coexistence could have led to the variable leaf size and suggest the possibility that gene flow from partial to full mycoheterotrophs could reverse the evolutionary transition to full mycoheterotrophy.
Twenty novel polymorphic microsatellite primers in the critically endangered Melastoma tetramerum var. tetramerum (Melastomataceae)
Authors: Narita Ayu , Izuno Ayako , Komaki Yoshiteru , Tanaka Takefumi , Murata Jin , Isagi Yuji 
Published: September 2016

Premise of the study:Microsatellite markers were identified for Melastoma tetramerum var. tetramerum (Melastomataceae), a critically endangered shrub endemic to the Bonin Islands, to reveal genetic characteristics in wild and restored populations.Methods and Results:Using next‐generation sequencing, 27 microsatellite markers were identified. Twenty of these markers were polymorphic in M. tetramerum var. tetramerum, with two to nine alleles per locus and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.10 to 0.71. Among the 20 polymorphic markers, 15 were applicable to other closely related taxa, namely M. tetramerum var. pentapetalum, M. candidum var. candidum, and M. candidum var. alessandrense.Conclusions:These markers can be potentially useful to investigate the genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and reproductive ecology of M. tetramerum var. tetramerum as well as of the three related taxa to provide appropriate genetic information for conservation.
A HIGH-RESOLUTION MULTIBAND SURVEY OF WESTERLUND 2 WITH THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE. II. MASS ACCRETION IN THE PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE POPULATION
Authors: Zeidler Peter , Grebel Eva K. , Nota Antonella , Sabbi Elena , Pasquali Anna , Tosi Monica , Bonanos Alceste Z. , Christian Carol 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed analysis of the pre-main-sequence (PMS) population of the young star cluster Westerlund 2 (Wd2), the central ionizing cluster of the H ii region RCW 49, using data from a high-resolution multiband survey with the Hubble Space Telescope. The data were acquired with the Advanced Camera for Surveys in the F555W, F814W, and F658N filters and with the Wide Field Camera 3 in the F125W, F160W, and F128N filters. We find a mean age of the region of 1.04 ± 0.72 Myr. The combination of dereddened F555W and F814W photometry in combination with F658N photometry allows us to study and identify stars with Hα excess emission. With a careful selection of 240 bona-fide PMS Hα excess emitters we were able to determine their Hα luminosity, which has a mean value

. Using the PARSEC 1.2S isochrones to obtain the stellar parameters of the PMS stars, we determined a mean mass accretion rate

per star. A careful analysis of the spatial dependence of the mass accretion rate suggests that this rate is ∼25% lower in the center of the two density peaks of Wd2 in close proximity to the luminous OB stars, compared to the Wd2 average. This rate is higher with increasing distance from the OB stars, indicating that the PMS accretion disks are being rapidly destroyed by the far-ultraviolet radiation emitted by the OB population.
BRINGING “THE MOTH” TO LIGHT: A PLANET-SCULPTING SCENARIO FOR THE HD 61005 DEBRIS DISK
Authors: Esposito Thomas M. , Fitzgerald Michael P. , Graham James R. , Kalas Paul , Lee Eve J. , Chiang Eugene , Duchêne Gaspard , Wang Jason , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell A. , Nielsen Eric , Ammons S. Mark , Bruzzone Sebastian , Rosa Robert J. De , Draper Zachary H. , Macintosh Bruce , Marchis Franck , Metchev Stanimir A. , Perrin Marshall , Pueyo Laurent , Rajan Abhijith , Rantakyrö Fredrik T. , Vega David , Wolff Schuyler 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The HD 61005 debris disk (“The Moth”) stands out from the growing collection of spatially resolved circumstellar disks by virtue of its unusual swept-back morphology, brightness asymmetries, and dust ring offset. Despite several suggestions for the physical mechanisms creating these features, no definitive answer has been found. In this work, we demonstrate the plausibility of a scenario in which the disk material is shaped dynamically by an eccentric, inclined planet. We present new Keck NIRC2 scattered-light angular differential imaging of the disk at 1.2–2.3 μm that further constrains its outer morphology (projected separations of 27–135 au). We also present complementary Gemini Planet Imager 1.6 μm total intensity and polarized light detections that probe down to projected separations less than 10 au. To test our planet-sculpting hypothesis, we employed secular perturbation theory to construct parent body and dust distributions that informed scattered-light models. We found that this method produced models with morphological and photometric features similar to those seen in the data, supporting the premise of a planet-perturbed disk. Briefly, our results indicate a disk parent body population with a semimajor axis of 40–52 au and an interior planet with an eccentricity of at least 0.2. Many permutations of planet mass and semimajor axis are allowed, ranging from an Earth mass at 35 au to a Jupiter mass at 5 au.
PROBABILISTIC CROSS-IDENTIFICATION IN CROWDED FIELDS AS AN ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM
Authors: Budavári Tamás , Basu Amitabh 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
One of the outstanding challenges of cross-identification is multiplicity: detections in crowded regions of the sky are often linked to more than one candidate associations of similar likelihoods. We map the resulting maximum likelihood partitioning to the fundamental assignment problem of discrete mathematics and efficiently solve the two-way catalog-level matching in the realm of combinatorial optimization using the so-called Hungarian algorithm. We introduce the method, demonstrate its performance in a mock universe where the true associations are known, and discuss the applicability of the new procedure to large surveys.
A DYNAMIC DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY APPROACH TO DIFFUSION IN WHITE DWARFS AND NEUTRON STAR ENVELOPES
Authors: Diaw A. , Murillo M. S. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We develop a multicomponent hydrodynamic model based on moments of the Born–Bogolyubov–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon hierarchy equations for physical conditions relevant to astrophysical plasmas. These equations incorporate strong correlations through a density functional theory closure, while transport enters through a relaxation approximation. This approach enables the introduction of Coulomb coupling correction terms into the standard Burgers equations. The diffusive currents for these strongly coupled plasmas is self-consistently derived. The settling of impurities and its impact on cooling can be greatly affected by strong Coulomb coupling, which we show can be quantified using the direct correlation function.
VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE FOR PLANETARY INTERIORS
Authors: Zeng Li , Jacobsen Stein B. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
In the past few years, the number of confirmed planets has grown above 2000. It is clear that they represent a diversity of structures not seen in our own solar system. In addition to very detailed interior modeling, it is valuable to have a simple analytical framework for describing planetary structures. The variational principle is a fundamental principle in physics, entailing that a physical system follows the trajectory, which minimizes its action. It is alternative to the differential equation formulation of a physical system. Applying the variational principle to the planetary interior can beautifully summarize the set of differential equations into one, which provides us some insight into the problem. From this principle, a universal mass–radius relation, an estimate of the error propagation from the equation of state to the mass–radius relation, and a form of the virial theorem applicable to planetary interiors are derived.
DISCOVERY OF TRANSIENT INFRARED EMISSION FROM DUST HEATED BY STELLAR TIDAL DISRUPTION FLARES
Authors: van Velzen S. , Mendez A. J. , Krolik J. H. , Gorjian V. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Stars that pass within the Roche radius of a supermassive black hole will be tidally disrupted, yielding a sudden injection of gas close to the black hole horizon which produces an electromagnetic flare. A few dozen of these flares have been discovered in recent years, but current observations provide poor constraints on the bolometric luminosity and total accreted mass of these events. Using images from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, we have discovered transient 3.4 μm emission from several previously known tidal disruption flares. The observations can be explained by dust heated to its sublimation temperature due to the intense radiation of the tidal flare. From the break in the infrared light curve we infer that this hot dust is located ∼0.1 pc from the supermassive black hole. Since the dust has been heated by absorbing UV and (potentially) soft X-ray photons of the flare, the reprocessing light curve yields an estimate of the bolometric flare luminosity. For the flare PTF-09ge, we infer that the most likely value of the luminosity integrated over frequencies at which dust can absorb photons is

erg s−1, with a factor of 3 uncertainty due to the unknown temperature of the dust. This bolometric luminosity is a factor ∼10 larger than the observed blackbody luminosity. Our work is the first to probe dust in the nuclei of non-active galaxies on sub-parsec scales. The observed infrared luminosity implies a covering factor ∼1% for the nuclear dust in the host galaxies.