bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REM sleep without atonia and neurocognitive function in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal study
Authors: Kang Sukhoon , Hong Jung Kyung , Kim Chan‐Hyung , Kim Ji Soo , Yoon In‐Young 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThis study investigated the relationship between rapid eye movement sleep without atonia and cognitive profiles in individuals diagnosed with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, assesssing both cross‐sectional associations and their link to phenoconversion in a longitudinal follow‐up. Participants underwent video‐polysomnography, neurological examination, neuropsychological tests and structured interviews to confirm isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Rapid eye movement sleep without atonia was manually scored using the Montreal method, and participants were categorized into either high or low electromyography activity groups, based on their tonic and phasic electromyography activities. The cross‐sectional study included 250 patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, revealing that those with high tonic electromyography activity exhibited significantly lower scores in the constructional praxis recall than those with low tonic electromyography activity (p = 0.002). In the longitudinal study, 79 participants (63 isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and 16 phenoconversion), tracked for at least 5 years, demonstrated that high tonic electromyography activity (odds ratio: 6.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.23–30.60; p = 0.027) and lower performance on the Trail Making Test A (odds ratio: 0.23; 95% confidence interval: 0.11–0.70; p = 0.007) were associated with future phenoconversion. These results confirm the link between tonic electromyography activity and neurodegeneration in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Combining rapid eye movement sleep without atonia assessment with cognitive evaluation could serve as an early predictive marker for phenoconversion in clinical settings.
Native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi drive ecophysiology through phenotypic integration and functional plasticity under the Sonoran desert conditions
Authors: Jiménez Alberto , Gutiérrez Aldo , Orozco Antonio , Vargas Georgina , Morales Idaly , Sánchez Esteban , Muñoz Ezequiel , Soto Francisco , Martínez‐Téllez Miguel Ángel , Esqueda Martín 
Published: September 2024

AbstractKnowledge is scarce to what extent environmental drivers and native symbiotic fungi in soil induce abrupt (short‐term), systemic (multiple traits), or specific (a subset of traits) shifts in C3 plants' ecophysiological/mycorrhizal responses. We cultivated an emblematic native C3 species (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum, “Chiltepín”) to look at how the extreme heat of the Sonoran desert, sunlight regimes (low = 2, intermediate = 15, high = 46 mol m2 d−1) and density of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil (low AMF = 1% v/v, high AMF = 100% v/v), drive shifts on mycorrhizal responses through multiple functional traits (106 traits). The warming thresholds were relentlessly harsh even under intensive shade (e.g. superheat maximum thresholds reached ranged between 47–63°C), and several pivotal traits were synergistically driven by AMF (e.g. photosynthetic capacity, biomass gain/allometry, and mycorrhizal colonization traits); whereas concurrently, sunlight regimes promoted most (76%) alterations in functional acclimation traits in the short‐term and opposite directions (e.g. survival, phenology, photosynthetic, carbon/nitrogen economy). Multidimensional reduction analysis suggests that the AMF promotes a synergistic impact on plants' phenotypic integration and functional plasticity in response to sunlight regimes; however, complex relationships among traits suggest that phenotypic variation determines the robustness degree of ecophysiological/mycorrhizal phenotypes between/within environments. Photosynthetic canopy surface expansion, Rubisco activity, photosynthetic nitrogen allocation, carbon gain, and differential colonization traits could be central to plants' overall ecophysiological/mycorrhizal fitness strengthening. In conclusion, we found evidence that a strong combined effect among environmental factors in which AMF are key effectors could drive important trade‐offs on plants' ecophysiological/mycorrhizal fitness in the short term.
On the modulus of continuity of solutions to nonlocal parabolic equations
Authors: Liao Naian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA general modulus of continuity is quantified for locally bounded, local, weak solutions to nonlocal parabolic equations, under a minimal tail condition. Hölder modulus of continuity is then deduced under a slightly stronger tail condition. These regularity estimates are demonstrated under the framework of nonlocal ‐Laplacian with measurable kernels.
Tools, techniques, methods, and processes for the detection and mitigation of fraudulent or erroneous data in evidence synthesis: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Barker Timothy Hugh , McBride Grace McKenzie , Ross-White Amanda , Pollock Danielle , Stern Cindy , Hasanoff Sabira , Kanukula Raju , Dias Mafalda , Scott Anna , Aromataris Edoardo , Whitehorn Ashley , Stone Jennifer , Shamseer Larissa , Palmieri Patrick , Klugar Miloslav , Munn Zachary 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
This scoping review aims to identify, catalogue, and characterize previously reported tools, techniques, methods, and processes that have been recommended or used by evidence synthesizers to detect fraudulent or erroneous data and mitigate its impact.

Introduction:
Decision-making for policy and practice should always be underpinned by the best available evidence—typically peer-reviewed scientific literature. Evidence synthesis literature should be collated and organized using the appropriate evidence synthesis methodology, best exemplified by the role systematic reviews play in evidence-based health care. However, with the rise of “predatory journals,” fraudulent or erroneous data may be invading this literature, which may negatively affect evidence syntheses that use this data. This, in turn, may compromise decision-making processes.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include peer-reviewed articles, commentaries, books, and editorials that describe at least 1 tool, technique, method, or process with the explicit purpose of identifying or mitigating the impact of fraudulent or erroneous data for any evidence synthesis, in any topic area. Manuals, handbooks, and guidance from major organizations, universities, and libraries will also be considered.

Methods:
This review will be conducted using the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Databases and relevant organizational websites will be searched for eligible studies. Title and abstract, and subsequently full-text screening will be conducted in duplicate using Covidence. Data from identified full texts will be extracted using a pre-determined checklist, while the findings will be summarized descriptively and presented in tables.

This scoping review protocol was registered in Open Science Framework:

https://osf.io/u8yrn.
3D-CFD Analysis of Axial Thrust in an Unshrouded Impeller With a Balance Piston for Liquid Hydrogen Turbopumps
Authors: Sakai Kento , Kobayashi Yamato , Yoshida Shota , Kawasaki Satoshi , Miyagawa Kazuyoshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Rocket pumps mainly use the Balance Piston (BP) system as an axial thrust self-balancing system for their large thrust. Although the BP system is statically stable, this system becomes unstable under some dynamic conditions. Therefore, some theoretical research has been previously conducted and identified its cause as fluid compressibility. However, their results used theoretical analysis, and very few examples examined the effect of fluid compressibility on three-dimensional unsteady fluid forces.
In this study, we performed a compressible CFD analysis in a liquid hydrogen turbopump with unshrouded impellers and compared the results with those of an incompressible analysis. Through the comparison, we investigated the influence of the fluid compressibility of liquid hydrogen on the pump’s axial characteristics.
According to the compressible CFD results, we found a significant decrease in fluid density in tip clearance due to the vortex from tip leakage flow occurring local temperature increase. In the BP system, because of the pressure loss and temperature rise associated with passage through the orifices, fluid density changed approximately 10% in the downstream of the BP chamber compared to the impeller inlet.
The unsteady-state calculation simulating forced axial vibration revealed that a lower damping coefficient, higher stiffness coefficient, and lower damping ratio were calculated in the compressible analysis than in the incompressible analysis. These findings were because No. 1 orifice loss of the BP system associated with forced vibration changed fluid density and static pressure in the compressible analysis, which resulted in changing the mass flow response into the BP system.
Design and Simulation of an SCO2 Opposing Piston Polygon Expansion Engine
Authors: Mitri Frederick B. , Anderson Kevin R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The expansion engine described herein is designed to operate on a waste heat driven Rankine cycle utilizing super critical carbon dioxide (SCO2) as the working fluid. The end use for this system is as a means of recapturing waste heat generated in the power production process. In this capacity, the system will utilize leftover waste heat to generate more usable power, thereby increasing the efficiency of the power plant at which it is installed. The polygon engine opposed piston expander design was chosen due to its higher possible power output when compared to more typical layouts. The SCO2 power cycle was chosen due to the high efficiency of supercritical power cycles. The system presented herein was found to have a power to weight ratio of 1.979 HP/lbm with a maximum output power of 190 HP at about 1000 RPM and roughly 970 lbf-ft of torque. The optimum valve timing was found to consist of an intake opening angle of 2.5°, an intake closure angle of 110°, an exhaust opening angle of 170°, and an exhaust closure angle of 360°. The existing cycle states with inlet at 200 °C/20 MPa/258.82 kg/m3 and outlet at 163 °C/12.7 MPa/176.78 kg/m3 were found to be ideal. Furthermore, the existing piston design consisting of a 3-inch piston with a 2-inch stroke was also found to be acceptable.
Impact of Blade Design on Static Pressure Recovery of Rotor-Only Low-Pressure Axial Fans
Authors: Witte Hauke , Bode Christoph 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In a broad range of applications, low-pressure axial fans are installed without outlet guide vanes and are discharging a swirling flow directly into a free environment. Considering the radial momentum balance, a static pressure recovery between a measurement plane immediately downstream of the fan trailing edge and a point in the free atmosphere far downstream of the fan can take place. When using the total-static efficiency computed with the ambient pressure as a metric, it is directly impacted by this pressure recovery in the fan discharge. In this paper, several fans with varying linear work distribution are designed and numerically investigated to quantify the impact of the pressure recovery on the total-static efficiency. Since in the discharge of such fans, free shear layers are the key aerodynamic feature for which standard RANS-eddy-viscosity simulations are known to be lacking accuracy, DDES simulations are performed. A non-zonal RANS/LES hybrid approach based upon the k-ω-SST eddy viscosity model and the γ transition model was used. The numerical investigation has shown that the pressure recovery has a significant impact on the total-static efficiency and can be influenced by the vortex design. Taking the pressure recovery into account, the optimal vortex design in terms of total-static efficiency shifts away from the low dynamic pressure vortex designs, which are usually aspired to minimize the exit loss.
Recovery of OxPure 612C-50 Coconut Carbon Particles Using Bump Arrays
Authors: Minette Michael J. , Burns Carolyn A. , Law Catrin A. , Addleman R. Shane , Bamberger Judith Ann , Serkowski Jason , Pease Leonard F. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Displacement arrays are useful for separating particles from carrier fluids such as blood cells and inorganics such as sand. The arrays of offset posts allow smaller particles to flow in the streamlines and cause larger particles to move around the posts migrating to one side. Migrating increases the particle concentration in one direction and depletes the particle concentration in the other direction. This allows particle separation to occur.
Experiments to separate large OxPure1 612C-50 coconut carbon particles in Newtonian slurries were conducted using bump arrays. The mesofluidic system uses an array of staggered posts as configured in a bump array for Newtonian slurry conditions. The results of these separation experiments are described. This information could be applied in gold recovery settings that use counter current cyanide processing.
Turbulence-Controlled Evolution of Particle Patterns on the Interface of Large Deformable Drops in Channel Flow
Authors: Marchioli Cristian , Hajisharifi Arash , Soldati Alfredo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The capture of small particles at the interface of large deformable drops and the subsequent evolution of particle surface distribution in turbulent flow are investigated. Direct numerical simulation of turbulence, phase field modeling of the drop interface dynamics and Lagrangian particle tracking are used. Realistic distribution of particles is ensured by excluded-volume interactions, i.e. by enforcing particle collisions. Particles are initially dispersed in the carrier flow and are driven in time towards the surface of the drops by jet-like turbulent fluid motions. Once captured by the interfacial forces, particles disperse on the surface. Excluded-volume interactions bring particles into long-term trapping regions of vanishing surface velocity divergence, where high-concentration particle clusters are formed. These regions correlate well with portions of the interface characterized by higher-than-mean curvature, indicating that modifications of the surface tension induced by the presence of tiny particles will be stronger in the highly-convex regions of the interface.
Rotor-Stator Interaction and Vortex Rope in the Reversible Pump-Turbine at Off-Design Conditions in Turbine Mode
Authors: Rode Bhushan R. , Kumar Arun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The reversible pump-turbine (RPT) operates at off-design operating conditions to balance the electricity grid due to the high penetration of variable and intermittent solar and wind energy. During these operating conditions, hydraulic instabilities such as rotor-stator interaction (RSI) and vortex rope in the draft tube give rise to pressure fluctuations in the vaneless space (VS) between the guide vanes and runner, and the draft tube, respectively. Therefore, the RPT may experience fatigue and vibration, further causing the vibration in the local components of the powerhouse. A reduced-scale high-head RPT model, and the SST k-ω turbulence model was used to carry out numerical calculations under the present study. The guide vane opening of 10°, 14°, 18.06° (best efficiency point), and 24° were performed and analyzed. The RSI phenomenon occurs in the VS due to the interaction of guide vane and runner. The vortex rope in the draft tube, due to the flow separation in the runner channels, was observed.
An Experimental Study of Pulsatile Flow and Structural Dynamics in a Thin-Walled Collapsible Vessel
Authors: Chowdhury Sifat K. , Zhang Yan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Many physiological fluid transport phenomena exemplify the complex fluid-structure interaction in collapsible tubes. For example, microgravity during space travel associates physiological challenges, as it alters hydrostatic and transmural pressures, causing irregular blood flow and venous thrombosis in veins. To further our understanding of the collapsible tube behavior under both steady and pulsatile flow conditions, an experimental study was presented in this paper. The study employed quantitative analysis of structural deformation and flow fields using image analysis and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The results suggest that the tube wall deformation followed Shapiro’s tube law under static condition and conformed under steady flow condition. However, as Re increased above 1150, self-excited oscillations occurred in an irregular pattern within specific ranges of negative transmural pressures. These oscillations became stronger and more regular as Re further increases, with frequency increasing as transmural pressure became more negative. With pulsatile flow inputs, negative transmural pressures also led to periodic self-excited oscillations during each cycles, particularly towards the end of systolic phases. Flow limitation effects were observed, with self-excited oscillations enhancing peak flow rates under strongly negative transmural pressures. The study suggests that self-excited oscillations could be triggered by either steady flow and pulsatile flow inputs within optimal transmural pressure ranges. In pulsatile flows, a negative transmural pressure aids in maintaining positive pressure gradients, acting similarly to valves to prevent flow reversal.
Evaluation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling for Erosion in Elbow With a Large-Scale Erosion Database
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Jamie (Yijie) , Karimi Soroor , Shirazi Siamack 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics has been widely used in various engineering applications. Solid particle erosion of material is a multi-physics problem that requires a great deal of expertise to simulate and predict. Evaluation of the CFD models available is critical to formulate the correct CFD settings to perform the task of adequately and accurately predicting erosion and uncertainties from the CFD models. Collecting high quality erosion data is also very challenging, which has been the objective of Erosion/Corrosion Research Center at The University of Tulsa over the past decades. Continuous efforts have resulted in a large number of reliable data collected which can be used for validating different CFD models. The data is collected with high accuracy fixed mounted and temperature compensated ultrasonic transducers that will not interfere with flow and particle regimes inside the elbow. Air and water is used as the carrier fluids. The sand concentration is monitored to guarantee consistent diluted particle-laden flow condition. Experiments are repeated for validity.
With data available, CFD models are established to predict erosion for all the collected cases which is the first trial ever to evaluate the robustness of applying CFD to predict erosion under various flow and particle conditions. The significance of the work underlies that obtaining an overall impression of how accuracy is CFD modeling for predicting erosion and a calibrated CFD framework for CFD-based erosion prediction can be derived from numerous practices in the process. The study uses RANS models for turbulence modeling and one-way particle tracking under engineering application context. The effect of global mesh size is examined to reach the best practice for representing erosion results. All the results from CFD are compared to data and have shown that CFD models with delicate calibration can predict erosion accurately, which provides a valuable tool for engineering design and prediction under complex conditions.
Investigations of a Half-Stepped Cylinder in a Turbulent Boundary Layer
Authors: Moffit Ryan , Rahai Hamid 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Experimental investigations of a single half-stepped cylinder and a half-stepped cylinder sheet placed on a flat plate inside a turbulent boundary layer at zero pressure gradient have been performed. The goal of the study was to investigate whether a half-stepped cylinder could be used to control the low-speed streaks similar to riblets in reducing turbulent shear stress. The half-cylinder diameter (d) was 2 mm and the step-spacing (s) was 1.5 mm. The width (w) of the cylinder between the steps was 2 mm. The structure of the bump and valley repeated itself the entire length of the cylinder. The single cylinder row or sheet was placed in the spanwise direction where the bump round leading edge was facing the incoming axial flow. The flat plate had 7 rows of staggered round pegs at the leading edge to ensure a fully developed turbulent boundary layer at the cylinder’s location. The experiments were performed at 10 m/sec. in the closed-circuit CSULB-Boing low-speed wind tunnel. The ratio of the cylinder’s radius to the local boundary layer thickness (r/δ0) was 4% and the Reynolds number based on flat plate length was 5.8 × 105. An estimate of the skin friction coefficient was made using the Clauser chart and turbulence measurements were made using a hot wire anemometer. Results showed that, with the stepped cylinder in place, the local skin friction coefficient drops downstream of the half-stepped cylinder with the maximum drops exceeding 12% and 35% respectively for the single row and cylinder sheet at x/d = 13 and then gradually recovers to the corresponding value for an unperturbed flat plate at x/d = 26. At x/d = 13 and further downstream the spanwise variations of the boundary layer parameters behind the stepped cylinder were insignificant. Above the stepped cylinder, the turbulence intensity is reduced, however, in the near wake downstream, there is an increase in axial turbulence intensity attributed to the wake of the cylinder.
Digitalization of Test-Rigs for Model Acceptance Testing of Hydraulic Machines: Gaussian-Process Based Digital-Twin of a Turbine on a Hydraulic Test-Rig for Later Efficiency-Analysis and Test-Automation
Authors: Stolz Michael C. , Reiterer Stefan H. , Reiterer Daniel R. , Schaffernak Gerhard , Guggenberger Mark 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Systematic measuring of hydraulic machine’s performance data at hydraulic model test-rigs involves comprehensive expert knowledge of the test-rig-engineer and is time consuming, as the multi-dimensional operation space must be explored manually. Expertise is needed for taking into account specific performance limits of test-rig equipment, model turbine, storage pumps or pump-turbines as well as some hysteresis of the setup due to flow separation and dealing with quite operation point dependent gains between controlled parameters and measured quantities. In order to free valuable manpower from the burden of shiftwork, the measurement procedure is subject to automation. But testing new automation concepts involves safety critical or expensive tests and consumes valuable time at test-rig too.
To develop and validate new automation concepts offline, we present a hybrid data-driven modelling approach to create a digital twin of the combined setup of a hydraulic turbine on a hydraulic test-rig. Special attention is paid that the modelling approach is consistent with existing mathematical relations governed by either physical models or norms. The presented approach allows separation of test-rig and hydraulic model machine under test and by this enables offline-validation of automation concepts on different combinations of test-rigs and hydraulic model machines. The modelling approach is demonstrated performing cross-validation using recorded measurement data.