bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisotropy and XKS splitting from geodynamic models of double subduction: testing the limits of interpretation
Authors: Kruse Jan Philipp , Rümpker Georg , Link Frederik , Duretz Thibault , Schmeling Harro 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARY
The analysis of the splitting signature of XKS phases is crucial for constraining seismic anisotropy patterns, especially in complex subduction settings such as outward-dipping double subduction. A natural example of this is found in the Central Mediterranean, where the Apennine and the Dinaride slabs subduct in opposite directions, with the Adriatic plate separating them. To assess the capability of XKS-splitting analysis in revealing anisotropic seismic properties, such as fast polarization directions and shear wave anisotropy (in per cent), we use three-dimensional numerical geodynamic models combined with texture evolution simulations. In these models, two identical outward-dipping oceanic plates are separated by a continental plate. Using the full elastic tensors – directly derived from the texture evolution simulations – we compute anisotropic seismic properties and synthetic teleseismic waveforms. From these waveforms synthetic observables are determined, including apparent splitting parameters (fast polarization directions and delay times) and splitting intensities. Based on these observables, we (1) derive models for a single anisotropic layer (one-layer model), (2) identify regions with significant depth-dependent anisotropic seismic properties, and (3) perform inversions at selected locations in terms of two anisotropic layers (two-layer model).
We consider two geodynamic models: one with a strong (M1) and one with a weak (M2) continental plate. Model M1 exhibits significant retreat of the subducting plates with no horizontal stretching of the continental plate, whereas Model M2 shows less retreat, substantial horizontal stretching, and detachment of the subducting plates. These different subduction styles result in distinct flow and deformation patterns in the upper mantle, which are reflected in the anisotropic seismic properties. In Model M1, the fast polarization directions below the continental plate are predominantly trench-parallel, whereas in Model M2, they are mostly trench-normal. In most regions of both models, the one-layer models are sufficient to resolve the anisotropic seismic properties, as these properties are nearly constant with depth. However, for both models, we identify some isolated regions – primarily near the tips of the subducting plates and beneath the continental plate – where fast polarization directions exhibit significant variations with depth. Inverting the apparent splitting parameters in these regions yields multiple two-layer models at each location that excellently fit the observables. However, their anisotropic seismic properties can vary significantly, and not all these two-layer models adequately approximate the true depth variations. This ambiguity can be partially reduced by selecting two-layer models in which the summed shear wave anisotropy closely matches that of one of the one-layer models, as these models better capture the true variations.
Three-dimensional joint inversion of surface wave dispersion and gravity data using a petrophysical approach: an application to Los Humeros Geothermal Field
Authors: Carrillo Jonathan , Pérez-Flores Marco A , Calò Marco 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARY
We present a method to jointly invert surface wave dispersion data and gravity measurements for 3-D shear wave velocity and density models. We implemented a petrophysical approach to combine the kernels of both methodologies in a single process. The synthetic experiments show that jointly inverted models recover shear wave velocity and density better than separate inversions. In particular, density models benefit from the good vertical resolution of surface wave dispersion data, while shear velocity models benefit from the good lateral resolution of gravity data. We also proposed two methods to stabilize the solution when using high-grade polynomials. We applied the methodology to the Los Humeros Geothermal area to demonstrate its applicability in a complex geological scenario. Compared with separate inversion, the joint inversion contributes to enhancing key aspects of the geothermal system by (i) delimitating better the geometry of the caldera deposits in the first 0–2.8 km deep by increasing the vertical resolution in density, (ii) delimitating better the lateral borders of low-Vs bodies at different depths interpreted as a part of a complex magmatic chamber system and (iii) estimating the local shear wave velocity–density relationship that conforms to other known relationships for sedimentary and igneous rocks but with some differences that bring us additional information.
Revisiting the 1934Mw 8.2 Bihar–Nepal earthquake—Simulation of broadband ground motions
Authors: Basu Jahnabi , KP Sreejaya , Raghukanth S T G 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYThe 1934 Mw 8.2 Bihar–Nepal earthquake was one of the devastating earthquakes, which made seismologists realize the importance of proper seismic hazard analysis and design aspects in India. The event occurred way before proper seismic networks were implemented and hence there are no recorded ground motions available for this event. This study, thus aims to generate possible ground motions for the 1934 Mw 8.2 Bihar–Nepal event. The complex geographical features, ambiguous source information and lack of ground motion data make the simulation and validation of ground motions very difficult. In this regard, the broad-band (BB) ground motions are simulated and validated for the most recent well-documented Himalayan event, that is, the 2015 Mw 7.9 Nepal earthquake in order to calibrate the model and simulation methodology. For this purpose, the computational model is presented for a region of 1000 km × 670 km (longitude 80–89 °E and latitude 23–30 °N) in the Indo-Gangetic Basin to simulate the low-frequency (LF) ground motions using spectral element method. These deterministically simulated LF ground motions are combined with stochastically simulated high-frequency (HF) ground motions based on an improved seismological model . The seismic moment and dimensions of the rupture plane are used to generate ten samples for the finite fault source model having different slip distribution along the rupture plane as a random field. The BB ground motions (0.01–25 Hz) are obtained by merging LF and HF ground motions in the time domain by matching them at a frequency of ∼0.3 Hz. Such BB results are simulated at a grid of stations and at locations where modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) values are available. The estimated MMI values and the observed MMI values are compared to emphasize the efficacy of the model. The maximum PGA estimated from the simulated ground motions in horizontal and vertical directions are observed to be 0.48 g and 0.4 g. Further, 5 per cent damped response spectra and spectral amplification are analysed concerning the sediment depth of the Indo-Gangetic Basin. The results from the study can serve as inputs for dynamic analysis and the design of earthquake-resistant structures across different locations in the Indo-Gangetic Basin.
Navigating Inventiveness Assessment in Taiwan: Insights from Recent Court Decisions
Authors: Huang George J H , Huang Sandy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The assessment of patent inventiveness in Taiwan is a multi-faceted endeavor, influenced by a confluence of legal standards and court practices. This opinion aims to elucidate the principles governing inventiveness assessment, dissect relevant court decisions and unravel the practical implications for applicants and patentees.
This opinion includes the following.
1. An overview of inventiveness assessment: a foundational overview of the criteria and standards underpinning inventiveness assessment in Taiwan is provided.
2. Analyses of recent cases in different technical fields: delving deeper, we navigate through a series of recent case analyses spanning diverse technical fields, including the chemical, mechanical and pharmaceutical sectors. Through meticulous examination of court judgments, we discern the nuanced approaches employed in evaluating inventiveness across various fields.
3. Suggestions according to the cases: finally, based on the court judgments we provide our suggestions and strategies in various aspects for applicants and patentees.
In synthesis, although the framework on inventive step in the current Taiwan Patent Examination Guidelines is clear, its implementation in court rulings varies depending on the specific technical field in Taiwan. Patents in different technical fields often have distinct logical considerations and focal points in the assessment of inventive step. Therefore recent landmark court decisions in Taiwan on inventiveness in various technical fields are introduced, and our specific recommendations are presented, in order to offer readers clearer guidance.
The role of the skin in the atopic march
Authors: Tang Xin , Li Mei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Atopic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), asthma, and allergic rhinitis (AR) are closely related to inflammatory diseases involving different body sites (i.e. the skin, airway, and digestive tract) with characteristic features including specific IgE to allergens (so-called “atopy”) and Th2 cell-mediated inflammation. It has been recognized that AD often precedes the development of other atopic diseases. The progression from AD during infancy to FA or asthma/AR in later childhood is referred to as the “atopic march” (AM). Clinical, genetic, and experimental studies have provided evidence that allergen sensitization occurring through AD skin could be the origin of the AM. Here, we provide an updated review focusing on the role of the skin in the AM, from genetic mutations and environmental factors associated with epidermal barrier dysfunction in AD and the AM to immunological mechanisms for skin sensitization, particularly recent progress on the function of key cytokines produced by epidermal keratinocytes or by immune cells infiltrating the skin during AD. We also highlight the importance of developing strategies that target AD skin to prevent and attenuate the AM.
Risk of anxiety disorders in men with prostate cancer: a national cohort study
Authors: Crump Casey , Stattin Pär , Brooks James D , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Sieh Weiva 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Men with prostate cancer (PC) may experience significant psychosocial distress from physical symptoms, treatment side effects, or fear of recurrence. However, little is known about the long-term risk of anxiety disorders in men with PC.

Methods
A national cohort study was conducted of 180 189 men diagnosed with PC during 1998-2017 and 1 801 890 age-matched population-based control men in Sweden. Anxiety disorders were ascertained from nationwide outpatient and inpatient records through 2018. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) while adjusting for sociodemographic factors and prior psychiatric disorders. Subanalyses explored differences by PC treatment during 2005-2017.

Results
In 7.8 million person-years of follow-up, 94 387 (5%) men were diagnosed with anxiety disorders. Men with high-risk PC had a nearly 2-fold higher risk of anxiety disorders than control men without PC (adjusted HR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.87 to 2.05). This risk was highest in the first 3 months after PC diagnosis (adjusted HR = 2.99, 95% CI = 2.49 to 3.59) but remained significantly elevated 10 or more years later (adjusted HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.35 to 1.74). Those treated only with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) had the highest risk of anxiety disorders (adjusted HR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.93 to 2.25). Men with low- or intermediate-risk PC had a modestly increased risk (adjusted HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.34 to 1.44).

Conclusions
In this large national cohort, men with PC had substantially increased risk of anxiety disorders, especially those with high-risk PC and treated only with ADT. Men with PC need close monitoring for timely detection and treatment of anxiety symptoms, particularly shortly after PC diagnosis.
Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations and Bildungsroman literature: a guidebook for journeying home, seeing places anew, and encountering Land-based education
Authors: Stickney Jeff 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Guarding against reliance on his own biography and romantic tendencies in Bildungsroman literature, I draw parallels to Ludwig Wittgenstein’s use of the journey trope and place-based inquiry in the Philosophical Investigations, as an exploration of concept development and confusion that exhorts and guides readers in traversing the borderlands of their own cultural–linguistic practices. l recall Wittgenstein’s journey in search of himself: his retreat from Cambridge to a remote hut in Norway, leading him on a philosophical search for meaning. This self-transformative (Bildung) process of writing the Philosophical Investigations offers new ways for thinking the concept of ‘place’: not the bounding limit of things/beings; rather, working through the linguistic turn in philosophy, as potentially meaningful ‘sites’ in conceptually familiar/unfamiliar landscapes of native languages. The Investigations also carries ancient Heraclitian and Homeric tropes of homecoming and authenticity: ‘searching ourselves’ and ‘becoming who we are’, as found in Wittgenstein’s call to ‘know our way about’—rediscovering the grammatical order operating out of view but pervading the world as we see and know it, as well as setting its limits. Awareness of different languages of place is crucial to appreciating Indigenous discourses of Land-based education—a topic central to discussions of incorporating Indigenous knowledge while decolonizing education. Rethinking Bildungsroman literature in postcolonial terms—through the lens of reconciliation, renaissance, and resurgence —I call for careful listening to Indigenous peoples’ storied landscapes instead of fact-checking them: recognizing their sovereign right to self-govern their own education and resources. The goal is not to assess the truths of Land-based education, as in some epistemological inquiries, nor to make them accessible as pedagogical resources or instruments for non-Indigenous educators. The aim rather is to promote respect for its deep, nearly inaccessible context within Indigenous grammars and ways of life.
Multi-omics exploration of the involvement of ABA in identifying unique molecular markers for single and combined stresses in tomato plants
Authors: Pardo-Hernández Miriam , García-Pérez Pascual , Lucini Luigi , Rivero Rosa M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been increasing evidence that plant responses to combined abiotic stresses are unique and cannot be inferred from studying plants exposed to individual stresses. Understanding how adaptative plant mechanisms integrate from stress perception to biochemical and physiological adjustments is a major challenge in abiotic stress signaling studies. Considering abscisic acid (ABA) as a key regulator in plant abiotic stress responses, ABA-deficient plants (flc) exposed to single or combined salinity and heat stresses were evaluated and different -omics analyses were conducted. Significant changes in biomass, photosynthesis, ions, transcripts, and metabolites occurred in mutant plants under single or combined stresses. Exogenous ABA application in flc mutants did not fully recover plant phenotypes or metabolic levels but induced cellular reprogramming with changes in specific markers. Multi-omics analysis aimed to identify ABA-dependent, ABA-independent, or stress-dependent markers in plant responses to single or combined stresses. We demonstrated that studying different -omics as a whole led to the identification of specific markers for each stress condition that were not detectable when each -omic was studied individually. These findings may be utilized to enhance crop resilience to heat waves, salinity, and their combination, contributing to addressing food security challenges in a climate change scenario. Future exploration of the transcriptomic, ionomic, and metabolomic data presented in this study could lead to the identification of new pathways and genes associated with ABA signaling processes.
Small-scale signatures of primordial non-Gaussianity in k-nearest neighbour cumulative distribution functions
Authors: Coulton William R , Abel Tom , Banerjee Arka 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Searches for primordial non-Gaussianity in cosmological perturbations are a key means of revealing novel primordial physics. However, robustly extracting signatures of primordial non-Gaussianity from non-linear scales of the late-time Universe is an open problem. In this paper, we apply k-Nearest Neighbour cumulative distribution functions, kNN-CDFs, to the quijote-png simulations to explore the sensitivity of kNN-CDFs to primordial non-Gaussianity. An interesting result is that for halo samples with $M_\mathrm{ h}\langle 10^{14}$ M$_\odot$ $h^{-1}$, the kNN-CDFs respond to equilateral PNG in a manner distinct from the other parameters. This persists in the galaxy catalogues in redshift space and can be differentiated from the impact of galaxy modelling, at least within the halo occupation distribution (HOD) framework considered here. kNN-CDFs are related to counts-in-cells and, through mapping a subset of the kNN-CDF measurements into the count-in-cells picture, we show that our results can be modelled analytically. A caveat of the analysis is that we only consider the HOD framework, including assembly bias. It will be interesting to validate these results with other techniques for modelling the galaxy–halo connection, e.g. (hybrid) effective field theory or semi-analytical methods.
The LOFAR two metre sky survey data release 2: probabilistic spectral source classifications and faint radio source demographics
Authors: Drake A B , Smith D J B , Hardcastle M J , Best P N , Kondapally R , Arnaudova M I , Das S , Shenoy S , Duncan K J , Röttgering H J A , Tasse C 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of 152 355 radio sources identified in the second data release of the LOFAR Two Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS-DR2) with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectroscopic redshifts in the range $0.00 \lt z \lt 0.57$. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we determine the reliability of each source exhibiting an excess in radio luminosity relative to that predicted from their H $\alpha$ emission, and, for a subset of 124 023 sources we combine this measurement with a full BPT analysis. Using these two independent diagnostics, we determine the reliability of each source hosting a supermassive black hole of high or low Eddington-scaled accretion rate, and combine the measurements to determine the reliability of sources belonging to each of four physical classes of objects: star-forming galaxies (SFGs), radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (RQAGN), and high- or low-excitation radio galaxies (HERGs or emission-line LERGs). The result is a catalogue that enables user-defined samples of radio sources with a reliability threshold suited to their science goal, for example prioritizing purity or completeness. Here, we select high-confidence samples of radio sources (&gt;90 per cent reliability) to report: 38 588 radio-excess AGNs in the LoTSS-DR2 sample (362 HERGs, and 12 648 emission-line LERGs), together with 38 729 SFGs, and 18 726 RQAGN. We validate these results through comparison to literature using independent emission-line measurements, and to widely adopted WISE photometric selection techniques. While our use of SDSS spectroscopy limits our current analysis to $\sim 4$ per cent of the LoTSS-DR2 catalogue, our method is directly applicable to data from the forthcoming WEAVE-LOFAR survey, which will obtain over a million spectra of 144 MHz selected sources.
A systematic study of planetary envelope growth with 3D radiation-hydrodynamics simulations
Authors: Bailey Avery , Stone James M , Fung Jeffrey 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
In the core accretion model of planet formation, envelope cooling regulates the accretion of material and ultimately sets the time-scale to form a giant planet. Given the diversity of planet-forming environments, opacity uncertainties, and the advective transport of energy by three-dimensional (3D) recycling flows, it is unclear whether one-dimensional models can adequately describe envelope structure and accretion in all regimes. Even in 3D models, it is unclear whether approximate radiative transfer methods sufficiently model envelope cooling, particularly at the planetary photosphere. To address these uncertainties, we present a suite of 3D radiation-hydrodynamics simulations employing methods that directly solve the transfer equation. We perform a parameter space study, formulated in terms of dimensionless parameters, for a variety of envelope optical depths and cooling times. We find that the thermodynamic structure of the envelope ranges from adiabatic to isothermal based on the cooling time and, by extension, the background disc temperature and density. By adopting a dimensionless framework, these models can be applied to a wide range of formation conditions and assumed opacities. In particular, we dimensionalize them to the case of a super-Earth and proto-Jupiter and place upper limits on the 3D mass accretion rates prior to runaway growth. Finally, we evaluate the fidelity of approximate radiative transfer methods and find that even in the most challenging cases more approximate methods are sufficiently accurate and worth their savings in computational cost.
Dynamics and spin alignment in massive, gravito-turbulent circumbinary discs around supermassive black hole binaries
Authors: Bourne Martin A , Fiacconi Davide , Sijacki Debora , Piotrowska Joanna M , Koudmani Sophie 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Parsec-scale separation supermassive black hole binaries in the centre of gas-rich galaxy merger remnants could be surrounded by massive circumbinary discs (CBDs). Black hole mass and spin evolution during the gas-rich binary inspiral are crucial in determining the direction and power of relativistic jets that radio observations with LOFAR (Low-Frequency Array) and SKAO (Square Kilometer Array Observatory) will probe, and for predicting gravitational wave (GW) emission that the IPTA (International Pulsar Timing Array) and LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) will measure. We present 3D hydrodynamic simulations capturing gas-rich, self-gravitating CBDs around a $2\times 10^6$ M$_{\odot }$ supermassive black hole binary, that probe different mass ratios, eccentricities, and inclinations. We employ a subgrid Shakura–Sunyaev accretion disc to self-consistently model black hole mass and spin evolution together with super-Lagrangian refinement techniques to resolve gas flows, streams, and mini-discs within the cavity, which play a fundamental role in torquing and feeding the binary. We find that higher mass ratio and eccentric binaries result in larger cavities, while retrograde binaries result in smaller cavities. All of the simulated binaries are expected to shrink with net gravitational torques being negative. Unlike previous simulations, we do not find preferential accretion onto the secondary black hole. This implies smaller chirp masses at coalescence and hence a weaker GW background. Critically this means that spin alignment is faster than the binary inspiral time-scale even for low-mass ratios. When considering initially misaligned systems, the orientation of the mini-discs around each black hole can vary significantly. We discuss the implications of this behaviour for black hole spin alignment and highlight the need for broader parameter space studies of misaligned systems to understand the impact on black hole recoil velocities.