bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Justice spatiale à la russe au Nord-Caucase
Authors: Mac-Glandières Yéléna 
Published: January 2018

Quinze ans après deux guerres en Tchétchénie et la régionalisation de la violence qui s’est ensuivie, la pleine réintégration du Nord-Caucase au sein de l’espace russe est un enjeu majeur de géopolitique interne pour la Russie et un élément clé de la rhétorique de l’unité telle que l’entend Vladimir Poutine. Plus qu’une périphérie classique, sa situation actuelle rapproche le Nord-Caucase d’un isolat, alors que les indicateurs économiques et les représentations des populations concernées (russes et caucasiennes) constatent d’une certaine déconnexion de la région par rapport au reste du pays. Cet article a pour but d’interroger la pertinence de la politique de justice spatiale mise en œuvre par le pouvoir russe dans le Nord-Caucase via des mesures de centralisation telle la création en 2010 d’un District fédéral du Nord-Caucase et en 2014 d’un ministère fédéral chargé du Nord-Caucase (Minkavkaz) dédié, qui canalisent l’action fédérale. In fine , même si la situation s’y améliore d’un point de vue économique, il apparaît que la politique russe, en ce qu’elle repose sur une inégalité de traitement entre les territoires nord, se révèle par endroits insuffisante, voire contre-productive en aggravant, tant à l’échelle locale que fédérale, les représentations d’une rupture.
Du « lac russe » au « lac OTAN » ? Enjeux géostratégiques en mer Noire post-Crimée
Authors: Pétiniaud Louis 
Published: January 2018

L’incorporation de la péninsule de Crimée dans la Fédération de Russie en mars 2014 constitue un moment fort dans l’évolution de la politique étrangère russe. La récupération des pleins pouvoirs sur la base militaire de Sébastopol permet par ailleurs à la Russie de renforcer sa présence en mer Noire et en Méditerranée. À l’échelle de la région pontique, cette opération a cependant eu pour effet de susciter de vives inquiétudes dans les plus petits États. Ces craintes, sans pour autant transformer radicalement leur politique extérieure, se sont cependant exprimées dans les textes officiels de Défense de chacun de ces pays. Ces doctrines stratégiques indiquent ainsi comment la perception des acteurs extérieurs change, entre avant et après 2014. L’Otan, particulièrement, est désormais unanimement considérée comme une force de stabilisation indispensable dans la région pontique. Les enjeux de cette manœuvre territoriale sont cependant autant internes qu’externes. En réintégrant la Crimée dans la Russie, le pouvoir russe s’est à la fois assuré un point d’appui stratégique vers le sud et un puissant soutien de la très grande majorité de la population russe.
Health Literacy: Essential for a Culture of Health
Authors: Barton Amy J. , Allen Patricia E. , Boyle Diane K. , Loan Lori A. , Stichler Jaynelle F. , Parnell Terri Ann 
Published: January 2018

Background:
A culture of health requires a commitment from all—individuals, families, communities, organizations, and municipalities—to value health and make decisions reflective of a healthy society. At the individual level, health literacy is a necessary precursor to assist individuals in achieving a higher level of health.

Method:
One method for ensuring that staff members are routinely assessing and promoting health literacy is using competencies and practices previously identified for all health professions.

Results:
Cross-walking these competencies with the Health Literacy Tapestry model can be extremely helpful in framing assessment, action steps, and outcomes for nurses.

Conclusion:
Professional development nurse leaders have the challenge of ensuring that nurses are addressing patient health literacy as a fundamental nursing activity in every nursing–patient–family interaction. Assuming health literacy deficits as a “universal approach” to care is one method of ensuring health literacy needs are routinely addressed by staff.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(2):73–78.
Effectiveness of Video-Assisted Debriefing in Health Education: An Integrative Review
Authors: Ali Abeer Alhaj , Miller Elaine T. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Debriefing is an integral component of the high-fidelity simulation experience in health education. Video-assisted debriefing (VAD) is used to structure debriefing following simulation. This review synthesizes the best available evidence about VAD compared with verbal debriefing; moreover, it reviews the effectiveness of VAD on students' learning outcomes and learners' perceptions of using VAD postsimulation sessions.

Method:

Databases included Med-line, Scopus, CINAHL, and EMBASE, and articles published between 2000 and 2016 were reviewed if they used the keywords
video-assisted debriefing
,
HFS
,
debriefing and learning outcomes
, and
video-playback debriefing
. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria.

Results:
Three themes emerged: VAD Effectiveness Compared to Verbal (Oral) Debriefing, VAD Effectiveness on Learning Outcomes, and Learners' Perceptions of VAD Experience.

Conclusion:

VAD following simulation experiences compared with other debriefing modalities resulted in mixed findings related to learning outcomes in health education. More research on debriefing practices is needed that describes all key debriefing components. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(1):14–20.]
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Experience With Advance Directives Among Prelicensure Nursing Students
Authors: George Tracy P. , DeCristofaro Claire , Murphy Pamela F. , Remle Corey R. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
End-of-life decision making can be distressing for nursing students, and the purpose of this investigation was to assess undergraduate nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, and experiences with advance directives.

Method:
One hundred sixty-six Bachelor of Science in Nursing students at four different program levels were surveyed about their knowledge, personal and professional experience, and personal and professional attitudes regarding advance directives.

Results:
There was a statistically significant progression of knowledge from the junior 1 to the senior 2 semesters. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in personal attitudes about advance directives by progressive semesters, in personal and professional attitudes between White/Caucasian and Black/African American students, and in knowledge of advance directives and professional attitudes between students 18 to 25 years old and those 26 years and older.

Conclusion:

It is important that nursing students are exposed to advance directives in the prelicensure curriculum to prepare them for their role as professional nurses. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(1):35–39.]
Examining Admission Factors Predicting Success in a Doctor of Nursing Practice Program
Authors: Creech Constance , Cooper Denise , Aplin-Kalisz Christina , Maynard Gary , Baker Sara 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Graduate nursing programs are challenged to select students who are likely to succeed and who add to nursing workforce diversity.

Method:

For this retrospective study, researchers examined 5 years of admission and retention data from a 4-year Bachelor-to-Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) program (
n
=144) at a large public midwestern university. Using a multinomial logistic regression analysis, four factors were examined to determine which predicted student success, delayed success, or failure: last 60-credit grade point average (GPA), admission essay score, average recommendation letter score, and demographic data (i.e., race, age, gender).

Results:
GPA, age, and race were found to be significant predictors of student outcomes in this program. Writing and recommendation scores and gender did not predict student outcomes.

Conclusion:

DNP admission committees should consider the weight given to the GPA in their admission formulas and be prepared to work with retention committees to support older and minority students. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(1):49–52.]
Leadership Development Through Peer-Facilitated Simulation in Nursing Education
Authors: Brown Karen M. , Rode Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Baccalaureate nursing graduates must possess leadership skills, yet few opportunities exist to cultivate leadership abilities in a clinical environment. Peer-facilitated learning may increase the leadership skills of competence, self-confidence, self-reflection, and role modeling. Facilitating human patient simulation provides opportunities to develop leadership skills.

Method:
With faculty supervision, senior baccalaureate students led small-group simulation experiences with sophomore and junior peers and then conducted subsequent debriefings. Quantitative and qualitative descriptive data allowed evaluation of students' satisfaction with this teaching innovation and whether the experience affected students' desire to take on leadership roles.

Results:
Students expressed satisfaction with the peer-facilitated simulation experience and confidence in mastering the content while developing necessary skills for practice.

Conclusion:

Peer-facilitated simulation provides an opportunity for leadership development and learning. Study results can inform the development of nursing curricula to best develop the leadership skills of nursing students. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(1):53–57.]
Corrosion Properties of a Low-Nickel Austenitic Porous Stainless Steel in Simulated Body Fluids
Authors: Garcia-Cabezon C. , Martin-Pedrosa F. , Blanco-Val Y. , Rodriguez-Mendez M.L. 
Published: January 2018

Nickel can cause severe allergic reactions. Therefore, efforts are made to reduce the content of nickel in austenitic stainless steels (SS). Powder metallurgy (PM) techniques can produce this steel in a highly affordable way. A novel low-nickel high-nitrogen austenitic powder metallurgy PM stainless steel is investigated in terms of corrosion behavior. Nitrogen, because of its gammagenic effect, is the applied sintering atmosphere. Two sintering processes are applied by controlling the sinter-cooling rate (furnace- and water-cooling). This material shows an austenitic microstructure free of precipitates only after the water-cooling process. The electrochemical behavior in two simulated body fluids—phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution and Ringer solution—are studied. Corrosion behavior is evaluated by means of anodic polarization measurements and cyclic polarization curves. In addition, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy is used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of this steel in PBS at open circuit potential and at 100 mV above corrosion potential. The water-cooling process promotes better corrosion behavior in simulated body fluids for high nitrogen and low nickel than a conventional (high nickel) austenitic PM SS 316LN type.
Use of the Wilmington Robotic Exoskeleton to Improve Upper Extremity Function in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Estilow Timothy , Glanzman Allan M. , Powers Kacy , Moll Ashley , Flickinger Jean , Medne Līvija , Tennekoon Gihan , Yum Sabrina W. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy in their second decade of life present with decreased upper extremity strength and active range of motion (AROM) that limit activities of daily living (ADLs). We evaluated the ability of the Wilmington Robotic Exoskeleton (WREX) to improve AROM and independence with ADLs. A retrospective chart review of 9 patients who trialed the WREX was performed. Patients were classified on the basis of the Brooke Upper Extremity Scale. AROM, strength, and independence with ADLs were assessed before and after a WREX trial. Patients demonstrated increased shoulder flexion and abduction (25°–100°, median = 55°) and elbow flexion (10°–110°, median = 60°). Increased independence with self-feeding, item retrieval, use of phones and tablets, and facial grooming were noted. The WREX allowed for gravity-reduced movement via elastic bands to unweight the upper extremity, enabling increased upper extremity active movement that supported increased independence with ADLs.
Delivery of Advice to Marginalised and Vulnerable Groups: The Need for Innovative Approaches
Authors: Buck Alexy , Curran Liz 
Published: January 2018

Knowledge, capacity, capability and understanding are the key pre-requisites to access to justice.4 If legal aid services are to be effective in reaching people who are disadvantaged, disempowered or marginalised, then integrated, connected service delivery, outreach and relationship building, community development and education play a vital role. This article presents selected research findings from England and Wales, and Australia, illustrating the advice needs of disadvantaged groups. It further
presents four delivery models from around the world, which all aim for innovation and flexibility. The article concludes with a number of key issues to consider when delivering advice to marginalised and vulnerable groups.
Decolonizing the Classroom: Embracing Radical Internationalism
Authors: Steele Chris 
Published: January 2018

This article discusses the colonial mind and the classroom by investigating ways to decolonize the classroom through employing different historical perspectives and an international lens. The article features an interview with the prolific historian Gerald Horne who discusses the importance of how history is framed in the classroom regarding people of color, colonialism, resistance, and representation. Copyright, Truthout.org. Reprinted with permission. Link to original publication: http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/41600-decolonizing-the-classroom-embracing-radical-internationalism
Pollination implications of the diverse diet of tropical nectar-feeding bats roosting in an urban cave
Authors: Lim Voon-Ching , Ramli Rosli , Bhassu Subha , Wilson John James 
Published: January 2018

Background. Intense landscaping often alters the plant composition in urban areas. Knowing which plant species that pollinators are visiting in urban areas is necessary for understanding how landscaping impacts biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. The cave nectar bat, Eonycteris spelaea, is an important pollinator for many plants and is often recorded in human-dominated habitats. Previous studies of the diet of E. spelaea relied on morphological identification of pollen grains found in faeces and on the body of bats and by necessity disregarded other forms of digested plant material present in the faeces (i.e., plant juice and remnants). The main objective of this study was to examine the diet of the nectarivorous bat, E. spelaea, roosting in an urban cave at Batu Caves, Peninsular Malaysia by identifying the plant material present in the faeces of bats using DNA metabarcoding.
Methods. Faeces were collected under the roost of E. spelaea once a week from December 2015 to March 2016. Plant DNA was extracted from the faeces, PCR amplified at ITS2 and rbcL regions and mass sequenced. The resultant plant OTU were searched against NCBI GenBank for identification.
Results. A total of 55 species of plants were detected from faeces of E. spelaea including Artocarpus heterophyllus, Duabanga grandiflora and Musa spp. which are likely to be important food resources for the cave nectar bat.
Discussion. Many native plant species that had not been reported in previous dietary studies of E. spelaea were detected in this study including Bauhinia strychnoidea and Urophyllum leucophlaeum, suggesting that E. spelaea remains a crucial pollinator for these plants even in highly disturbed habitats. The detection of many introduced plant species in the bat faeces indicates that E. spelaea are exploiting them, particularly Xanthostemon chrysanthus, as food resources in urban area. Commercial food crops were detected from all of the faecal samples, suggesting that E. spelaea feed predominantly on the crops particularly jackfruit and banana and play a significant role in pollination of economically important plants. Ferns and figs were also detected in the faeces of E. spelaea suggesting future research avenues to determine whether the “specialised nectarivorous” E. spelaea feed opportunistically on other parts of plants.
Multiband and Miniaturized dual layer Antenna incorporated with FSS and DGS
Authors: Sah S. , Tripathy M. R. , Mittal A. 
Published: January 2018

A novel dual layer rectangular printed Antenna based on loop type Frequency selective surfaces with five concentric rings and I shaped defected ground structure (DGS) is designed and investigated. The deigned antenna is tested for application in C band, WiFi devices and some cordless telephones and X band radiolocation, airborne and naval radars as multiband operational frequencies are at 5.5GHz, 6.81GHz, 9.3GHz and thus covers two wireless communication band C Band (4 to 8GHz ) and X band (8 to 12 GHz) The bandwidth is 200MHz, 300MHz and 1GHz respectively and measured gain of this designed antenna are 2.42dBi against 5.5GHz, 2.80dBi against 6.81GHz, 6.76dBi against 9.3GHz. The proposed antenna in addition to multiband operation also exhibits minituarization.The Floquet port technique is used to analyse concentric rings. The Results comparison of proposed structure with the basic dual layer antenna resonaing at 5.5GHz shows the patch area is reduced by 58.15% while the volume of the antenna is reduced by 81.5%.
Morphological Indicators of a Mascon Beneath Ceres's Largest Crater, Kerwan
Authors: Bland M. T. , Ermakov A. I. , Raymond C. A. , Williams D. A. , Bowling T. J. , Preusker F. , Park R. S. , Marchi S. , Castillo‐Rogez J. C. , Fu R. R. , Russell C. T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGravity data of Ceres returned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Dawn spacecraft is consistent with a lower density crust of variable thickness overlying a higher density mantle. Crustal thickness variations can affect the long‐term, postimpact modification of impact craters on Ceres. Here we show that the unusual morphology of the 280 km diameter crater Kerwan may result from viscous relaxation in an outer layer that thins substantially beneath the crater floor. We propose that such a structure is consistent with either impact‐induced uplift of the high‐density mantle beneath the crater or from volatile loss during the impact event. In either case, the subsurface structure inferred from the crater morphology is superisostatic, and the mass excess would result in a positive Bouguer anomaly beneath the crater, consistent with the highest‐degree gravity data from Dawn. Ceres joins the Moon, Mars, and Mercury in having basin‐associated gravity anomalies, although their origin may differ substantially.
Turbidity Currents With Equilibrium Basal Driving Layers: A Mechanism for Long Runout
Authors: Luchi R. , Balachandar S. , Seminara G. , Parker G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTurbidity currents run out over 100 km in lakes and reservoirs, and over 1,000 km in the ocean. They do so without dissipating themselves via excess entrainment of ambient water. Existing layer‐averaged formulations cannot capture this. We use a numerical model to describe the temporal evolution of a turbidity current toward steady state under condition of zero net sediment flux at the bed. The flow self‐partitions itself into two layers. The lower “driving layer” approaches an invariant flow thickness, velocity profile, and suspended sediment concentration profile that sequesters nearly all of the suspended sediment. This layer can continue indefinitely at steady state over a constant bed slope. The upper “driven layer” contains a small fraction of the suspended sediment. The devolution of the flow into these two layers likely allows the driving layer to run out long distances.
Chemical Reactions Between Fe and H2O up to Megabar Pressures and Implications for Water Storage in the Earth's Mantle and Core
Authors: Yuan Liang , Ohtani Eiji , Ikuta Daijo , Kamada Seiji , Tsuchiya Jun , Naohisa Hirao , Ohishi Yasuo , Suzuki Akio 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe investigated the phase relations of the Fe‐H2O system at high pressures based on in situ X‐ray diffraction experiments and first‐principles calculations and demonstrate that FeHxand FeO are present at pressures less than ~78 GPa. A recently reported pyrite‐structured FeO2was identified in the Fe‐H2O system at pressures greater than ~78 GPa after laser heating. The phase observed in this study has a unit cell volume 8%–11% larger than that of FeO2, produced in the Fe‐O binary system reported previously, suggesting that hydrogen might be retained in a FeO2Hxcrystal structure. Our observations indicate that H2O is likely introduced into the deep Earth through reaction between iron and water during the accretion and separation of the metallic core. Additionally, reaction between Fe and H2O would occur at the core‐mantle boundary, given water released from hydrous subducting slabs that intersect with the metallic core. Accumulation of volatile‐bearing iron compounds may provide new insights into the enigmatic seismic structures observed at the base of the lower mantle.
What Climate Sensitivity Index Is Most Useful for Projections?
Authors: Grose Michael R. , Gregory Jonathan , Colman Robert , Andrews Timothy 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTransient climate response (TCR), transient response at 140 years (T140), and equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) indices are intended as benchmarks for comparing the magnitude of climate response projected by climate models. It is generally assumed that TCR or T140 would explain more variability between models than ECS for temperature change over the 21st century, since this timescale is the realm of transient climate change. Here we find that TCR explains more variability across Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 than ECS for global temperature change since preindustrial, for 50 or 100 year global trends up to the present, and for projected change under representative concentration pathways in regions of delayed warming such as the Southern Ocean. However, unexpectedly, we find that ECS correlates higher than TCR for projected change from the present in the global mean and in most regions. This higher correlation does not relate to aerosol forcing, and the physical cause requires further investigation.
Resonant Scattering of Radiation Belt Electrons by Off‐Equatorial Magnetosonic Waves
Authors: Ni Binbin , Zou Zhengyang , Fu Song , Cao Xing , Gu Xudong , Xiang Zheng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFast magnetosonic (MS) waves are commonly regarded as electromagnetic waves that are characteristically confined within ±3° of the geomagnetic equator. We report two typical off‐equatorial MS events observed by Van Allen Probes, that is, the 8 May 2014 event that occurred at the geomagnetic latitudes of 7.5°–9.2° both inside and outside the plasmasphere with the wave amplitude up to 590 pT and the 9 January 2014 event that occurred at the latitudes of—(15.7°–17.5°) outside the plasmasphere with a smaller amplitude about 81 pT. Detailed test particle simulations quantify the electron resonant scattering rates by the off‐equatorial MS waves to find that they can cause the pitch angle scattering and momentum diffusion of radiation belt electrons with equatorial pitch angles < ~75° or < ~58° (depending on the wave latitudinal coverage) on timescales of a day. Subsequent two‐dimensional Fokker‐Planck diffusion simulations indicate that the strong off‐equatorial MS waves are capable of efficiently transporting high pitch angle electrons to lower pitch angles to facilitate the formation of radiation belt electron butterfly distributions for a broad energy range from ~100 keV to >1 MeV within an hour. Our study clearly demonstrates that the presence of off‐equatorial MS waves, in addition to equatorial MS waves, can contribute importantly to the dynamical variations of radiation belt electron fluxes and their pitch angle distribution.