bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital Advertisements in Newspapers, Is It Still Worth It?
Authors: Zaghloul Ashraf Ahmad 
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION: Marketing the hospital image through advertising shapes the sources of information upon which the patient takes a decision to purchase the service. Advertisement is considered to be one of the marketing activities geared towards promoting the hospital’s image. The aim of this study is to explore and investigate the determinants of consumer behavior toward newspaper advertising eye-catchers for hospitals and medical care in the UAE.METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study design was followed using the snowball technique to select a convenient sample of the population of Sharjah, UAE. The total number of questionnaires valid for statistical analysis accounted for a 402.RESULTS: The significant adjusted odds included in the model were occupation (Administrative) = 2.1 (CI 1.1-4.5), name and brand = 0.4 (CI 0.1-0.8), clinical staff photo = 0.2 (CI 0.1-0.7), and location = 3.9 (CI 1.3-11.9). CONCLUSION: Healthcare organizations are required to further assess the feedback of their marketing plans especially newspaper advertisement budgets through the quality control activities performed at these organizations.
Derivation of Transgene-Free Rat Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Approximating the Quality of Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Li Shuping , Lan He , Men Hongsheng , Wu Yuanyuan , Li Ning , Capecchi Mario R. , Bryda Elizabeth C. , Wu Sen 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Although a variety of reprogramming strategies have been reported to create transgene-free induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from differentiated cell sources, a fundamental question still remains: Can we generate safe iPS cells that have the full spectrum of features of corresponding embryonic stem (ES) cells? Studies in transgene-free mouse iPS cells have indicated a positive answer to this question. However, the reality is that no other species have a derived transgene-free iPS cell line that can truly mimic ES cell quality. Specifically, critical data for chimera formation and germline transmission are generally lacking. To date, the rat is the only species, other than the mouse, that has commonly recognized authentic ES cells that can be used for direct comparison with measure features of iPS cells. To help find the underlying reasons of the current inability to derive germline-competent ES/iPS cells in nonrodent animals, we first used optimized culture conditions to isolate and establish rat ES cell lines and demonstrated they are fully competent for chimeric formation and germline transmission. We then used episomal vectors bearing eight reprogramming genes to improve rat iPS (riPS) cell generation from Sprague-Dawley rat embryonic fibroblasts. The obtained transgene-free riPS cells exhibit the typical characteristics of pluripotent stem cells; moreover, they are amenable to subsequent genetic modification by homologous recombination. Although they can contribute significantly to chimeric formation, no germline transmission has been achieved. Although this partial success in achieving competency is encouraging, it suggests that more efforts are still needed to derive ground-state riPS cells.
Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Pediatric Disease: Perspectives on Success and Potential Improvements
Authors: Nitkin Christopher R. , Bonfield Tracey L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a potentially revolutionary therapy for a wide variety of pediatric diseases, but the optimal cell-based therapeutics for such diversity have not yet been specified. The published clinical trials for pediatric pulmonary, cardiac, orthopedic, endocrine, neurologic, and hematologic diseases provide evidence that MSCs are indeed efficacious, but the significant heterogeneity in therapeutic approaches between studies raises new questions. The purpose of this review is to stimulate new preclinical and clinical trials to investigate these factors. First, we discuss recent clinical trials for pediatric diseases studying MSCs obtained from bone marrow, umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood, placenta, amniotic fluid, and adipose tissue. We then identify factors, some unique to pediatrics, which must be examined to optimize therapeutic efficacy, including route of administration, dose, timing of administration, the role of ex vivo differentiation, cell culture techniques, donor factors, host factors, and the immunologic implications of allogeneic therapy. Finally, we discuss some of the practicalities of bringing cell-based therapy into the clinic, including regulatory and manufacturing considerations. The aim of this review is to inform future studies seeking to maximize therapeutic efficacy for each disease and for each patient.
Two-dimensional photonic crystals based on anodic porous TiO2 with ideally ordered hole arrangement
Authors: Kondo Toshiaki , Hirano Shota , Yanagishita Takashi , Nguyen Nhat Truong , Schmuki Patrick , Masuda Hideki 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Ideally ordered TiO2 hole arrays with high aspect ratios were prepared by the anodization of pretextured Ti. The obtained TiO2 acted as two-dimensional photonic crystals in which a photonic band gap is formed in all directions of light propagation in the lattice. The process allows the easy and low-cost fabrication of TiO2 photonic crystals and can be used for the preparation of functional optical devices, which require the precise control of light propagation.
Etching characteristics of SiC, SiO2, and Si in CF4/CH2F2/N2/Ar inductively coupled plasma: Effect of CF4/CH2F2 mixing ratio
Authors: Lee Jongchan , Efremov Alexander , Kim Kwangsoo , Kwon Kwang-Ho 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This study investigated the etching characteristics and mechanisms of SiC, Si, and SiO2 in CF4/CH2F2/N2/Ar inductively-coupled plasmas. The investigation showed that a change in the CF4/CH2F2 mixing ratio at fixed N2 and Ar fractions in a feed gas causes a decrease in the etching rates of SiC and Si, but results in an almost constant SiO2 etching rate. Plasma chemistry was analyzed using Langmuir probe diagnostics and optical emission spectroscopy. The good agreement between the behaviors of both the SiC and the Si etching rates with a change in F atom density suggested a neutral-flux-limited etching regime for these materials. On the contrary, the SiO2 etching process appeared in the transitional regime of the ion-assisted chemical reaction and was influenced by both neutral and ion fluxes.
Aplicação do Protocolo no Cotidiano da Assessoria Executiva
Authors: Alcantara Frota Antonio Jackson , Da Silva Joelma Soares 
Published: September 2016

Este artigo apresenta a aplicação, no cotidiano, do protocolo da assessoria executiva e reflete sobre as similaridades e diferenciações da atuação protocolar desses assessores em organizações públicas e privadas de grande porte e focaliza a investigação em duas instituições de Ensino Superior, uma particular e outra pública, além de uma Organização de apoio à pesquisa cientifica pertencente ao governo do Estado e a uma Federação de iniciativa comercial na cidade de Fortaleza, no Estado do Ceará. A pesquisa quanto ao seu fim é descritiva, e foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas com quatro assessoras executivas pertencentes à alta gestão. A pesquisa se deu na busca da percepção das assessoras executivas sobre a importância do uso das normas protocolares no cotidiano de sua atuação profissional. Os resultados indicam que, apesar de todas as dificuldades relacionadas à percepção do protocolo como norma comportamental e elemento agregador de valor ao crescimento de status e poder institucional, as assessoras executivas empregam, cotidianamente, diversos procedimentos comportamentais que evidenciam conhecimento da ordem de prescedência e acompanhamento de eventos que exigem o uso das normas protocolares. Ao final, tendo em vista o contexto foram apresentadas sugestões para as organizações particulares e públicas pesquisadas, bem como, a implementação de novos estudos nesta área temática.
Secretariado Executivo no Brasil: profissão ou ocupação?
Authors: Vieira Jéssica Oliveira , Zuin Débora Carneiro 
Published: September 2016

Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento e os resultados de um estudo que consistiu em averiguar o perfil do Secretariado Executivo no Brasil como profissão ou ocupação. Seus objetivos propuseram apresentar o conceito de profissão e de ocupação; elaborar um quadro de referência, a partir da literatura consultada, evidenciando as características de uma profissão; fazer um levantamento historiográfico do Secretariado Executivo no Brasil; verificar a importância do Conselho Federal de Secretariado (CFSEC). Dessa forma, foi realizada uma análise de vagas de emprego na Região Sudeste, além de entrevistas com integrantes de associações da classe secretarial, sendo elas a Fenassec, e dois sindicatos estaduais; e um levantamento bibliográfico, utilizando-se a metodologia qualitativa. Visando uma interpretação e explicação dos dados obtidos, a análise de conteúdo foi empregada.
Calibration method of wave polarization data obtained by KAGUYA/WFC
Authors: Goto Yoshitaka , Uda Kazuaki , Kasahara Yoshiya , Hashimoto Kozo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA calibration method for wave polarization data obtained by waveform capture (WFC) instrument on a lunar orbiter KAGUYA is introduced. In order to obtain correct polarizations of plasma waves observed by KAGUYA, it is necessary to remove the difference of onboard delays between two orthogonal channels of the receiver. For that purpose, we use observation data of natural waves instead of onboard calibration signals which were not available due to a technical problem during the mission period. KAGUYA often observed auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) from the Earth, which had polarizations. The phase differences are determined by using AKR data obtained under a specific condition. As a result, the polarization data are calibrated with a sufficient accuracy. The proposed calibration method is not specialized for the KAGUYA data but it can be applied to wave data obtained with similar types of receivers in future missions.
Internal ocean‐atmosphere variability drives megadroughts in Western North America
Authors: Coats S. , Smerdon J. E. , Cook B. I. , Seager R. , Cook E. R. , Anchukaitis K. J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMultidecadal droughts that occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly represent an important target for validating the ability of climate models to adequately characterize drought risk over the near‐term future. A prominent hypothesis is that these megadroughts were driven by a centuries‐long radiatively forced shift in the mean state of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Here we use a novel combination of spatiotemporal tree ring reconstructions of Northern Hemisphere hydroclimate to infer the atmosphere‐ocean dynamics that coincide with megadroughts over the American West and find that these features are consistently associated with 10–30 year periods of frequent cold El Niño–Southern Oscillation conditions and not a centuries‐long shift in the mean of the tropical Pacific Ocean. These results suggest an important role for internal variability in driving past megadroughts. State‐of‐the‐art climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, however, do not simulate a consistent association between megadroughts and internal variability of the tropical Pacific Ocean, with implications for our confidence in megadrought risk projections.
Influence of ion outflow in coupled geospace simulations: 2. Sawtooth oscillations driven by physics‐based ion outflow
Authors: Varney R. H. , Wiltberger M. , Zhang B. , Lotko W. , Lyon J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe present the first simulations of magnetospheric sawtooth oscillations under steady solar wind conditions that are driven internally by heavy ion outflow from a physics‐based model. The simulations presented use the multifluid Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry magnetohydrodynamics model two‐way coupled to the ionosphere/polar wind model (IPWM). Depending on the type of wave‐particle interactions utilized within IPWM, the coupled simulations exhibit either sawtooth oscillations or steady magnetospheric convection. Contrasting the simulations that do and do not develop sawtooth oscillations yields insights into the relationship between outflow and sawtooth oscillations. The total outflow rate is not an adequate predictor of the convection mode that will emerge. The simulations that develop sawtooth oscillations are characterized by intense outflow concentrated in the midnight auroral region. This outflow distribution mass loads the tail reconnection region without excessively mass loading the dayside reconnection region and leads to an imbalance between the dayside and nightside reconnection rates.
Contrasts in compliant fault zone properties inferred from geodetic measurements in the San Francisco Bay area
Authors: Materna Kathryn , Bürgmann Roland 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn crustal fault zones, regions of damaged rock characterized by reduced elastic shear modulus can influence patterns of near‐field interseismic deformation. In order to study these compliant fault zones (CFZs) and how they might develop over the lifetimes of faults, we compare two fault segments with contrasting fault age and lithology along the San Andreas Fault in the San Francisco Bay Area. New geodetic measurements of the interseismic velocity fields at each location are used to constrain fault zone parameters through a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. At Black Mountain, in the Santa Cruz Mountains of the San Francisco Peninsula, we do not find evidence for a compliant fault zone; instead, we find that the geodetic data are more consistent with a model of a single fault in a homogeneous elastic half‐space. At Lake San Andreas, a younger fault segment 35 km farther north, we find evidence for a compliant fault zone about 3.4 +1.1/−1.4 km wide, containing a shear modulus of about 40% of the shear modulus of the surrounding rock. We also find that the best fitting CFZ model at this location, unlike the best fitting homogeneous half‐space model, has a locking depth that agrees well with the observed depth of microseismicity. Based on differences in fault age, cumulative displacement, and lithology between Black Mountain and Lake San Andreas, we infer that lithology plays an important and, in this case, perhaps a dominant role in the accumulation of fault zone damage structures and the development of CFZs over the lifetime of a fault.
Comparison of equilibrium ohmic and nonequilibrium swarm models for monitoring conduction electron evolution in high‐altitude EMP calculations
Authors: Pusateri Elise N. , Morris Heidi E. , Nelson Eric , Ji Wei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAtmospheric electromagnetic pulse (EMP) events are important physical phenomena that occur through both man‐made and natural processes. Radiation‐induced currents and voltages in EMP can couple with electrical systems, such as those found in satellites, and cause significant damage. Due to the disruptive nature of EMP, it is important to accurately predict EMP evolution and propagation with computational models. CHAP‐LA (Compton High Altitude Pulse‐Los Alamos) is a state‐of‐the‐art EMP code that solves Maxwell
s equations for gamma source‐induced electromagnetic fields in the atmosphere. In EMP, low‐energy, conduction electrons constitute a conduction current that limits the EMP by opposing the Compton current. CHAP‐LA calculates the conduction current using an equilibrium ohmic model. The equilibrium model works well at low altitudes, where the electron energy equilibration time is short compared to the rise time or duration of the EMP. At high altitudes, the equilibration time increases beyond the EMP rise time and the predicted equilibrium ionization rate becomes very large. The ohmic model predicts an unphysically large production of conduction electrons which prematurely and abruptly shorts the EMP in the simulation code. An electron swarm model, which implicitly accounts for the time evolution of the conduction electron energy distribution, can be used to overcome the limitations exhibited by the equilibrium ohmic model. We have developed and validated an electron swarm model previously in Pusateri et al. (2015). Here we demonstrate EMP damping behavior caused by the ohmic model at high altitudes and show improvements on high‐altitude, upward EMP modeling obtained by integrating a swarm model into CHAP‐LA.
Inter‐rater reliability of the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status rating for emergency gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Shichino Tsutomu , Hirao Motohiro , Haga Yoshio 
Published: September 2016

AimThe American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA‐PS) classification system is used worldwide and has also been incorporated into various prediction rules. However, concerns have been raised regarding inter‐rater agreement in various surgical fields. Although emergency gastrointestinal surgery is relatively common and associated with high postoperative mortality, a reliability study has not yet been undertaken in this field. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inter‐rater reliability of ASA‐PS for emergency gastrointestinal surgery.MethodsThree sets of scenarios were generated for each ASA‐PS class (2E, 3E, and 4E) in emergency gastrointestinal surgery, resulting in nine scenarios. These scenarios described the preoperative profiles of patients in one hospital. Two or three anesthesiologists from 18 other hospitals provided scores for ASA‐PS for each scenario.ResultsFifty anesthesiologists scored the ASA‐PS class. Between 66% and 90% of these anesthesiologists assigned the same ratings as the reference ratings for the individual scenarios. Inter‐rater reliability was assessed using Fleiss’ kappa (95% confidence interval) of 0.55 (0.54–0.56, P < 0.001) and an intraclass correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) of 0.79 (0.63–0.93, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe results of the present study revealed the consistency of ASA‐PS ratings between anesthesiologists for emergency gastrointestinal surgery. The ASA‐PS may serve as a reliable variable in the prediction rules for this field.
Effiziente Synthese von Dimethylether aus Methanol in einem Membranreaktor mit bifunktioneller Membran
Authors: Zhou Chen , Wang Nanyi , Qian Yanan , Liu Xiaoxing , Caro Jürgen , Huang Aisheng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEine neue Sandwich‐artige Doppelschicht‐Zeolithmembran FAU‐LTA wurde in einem katalytischen Membranreaktor für die Synthese von Dimethylether (DME) aus Methanol (MeOH) eingesetzt. In der äußeren Membranschicht H‐FAU mit milder Azidität wird MeOH zu DME dehydratisiert. Wasser, das neben DME gebildete, weitere Reaktionsprodukt, wird in situ durch eine hydrophile Na‐LTA‐Zeolith‐Membranschicht abgezogen, die sich zwischen der H‐FAU‐Deckschicht und dem makroporösen Korundträger befindet. Die Kombination von milder Azidität (H‐FAU) und dem kontinuierlichen Abzug des Produktwassers (Na‐LTA) führt zu hohen MeOH‐Umsätzen (90.9 % bei 310 °C) und einer de facto 100 %igen DME‐Selektivität. Wegen des kontinuierlichen und selektiven Wasserabzugs durch die Na‐LTA‐Membran kann die Katalysatordesaktivierung unterdrückt werden.
A Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Imaging of the Activity of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A in Cells
Authors: Makukhin Nikolai , Tretyachenko Vyacheslav , Moskovitz Jackob , Míšek Jiří 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMethionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is an enzyme involved in redox balance and signaling, and its aberrant activity is implicated in a number of diseases (for example, Alzheimer's disease and cancer). Since there is no simple small molecule tool to monitor MsrA activity in real time in vivo, we aimed at developing one. We have designed a BODIPY‐based probe called (S)‐Sulfox‐1, which is equipped with a reactive sulfoxide moiety. Upon reduction with a model MsrA (E. coli), it exhibits a bathochromic shift in the fluorescence maximum. This feature was utilized for the real‐time ratiometric fluorescent imaging of MsrA activity in E. coli cells. Significantly, our probe is capable of capturing natural variations of the enzyme activity in vivo.
Total Synthesis of the Complete Protective Antigen of Vibrio cholerae O139
Authors: Soliman Sameh E. , Kováč Pavol 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe first chemical synthesis of the complete protective O‐antigen of a human‐disease‐causing pathogenic bacterium is described. The synthesis involved a protecting‐group strategy that facilitated the regioselectivity of the key transformations, stereoselective glycosylation reactions, and enabled the one‐step global deprotection of the completely assembled, fully protected, phosphorylated hexasaccharide by hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis. The final amino‐group‐functionalized, linker‐equipped antigen was obtained in a form ready for conjugation to suitable carriers, for example, proteins, to yield immunogens.
Numerical simulations of partially‐filled rubber mixing in a 2‐wing rotor‐equipped chamber
Authors: Dhakal Pashupati , Das Suma R. , Poudyal Hari , Chandy Abhilash J. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTPartially filled internal batch mixers are used for mixing of rubber compounds in the polymer industry. The use of mixing in such mixers equipped with a rotor is critical to the process itself, and hence, understanding of mixing is important in terms of evaluating how various operating parameters such as rpm, fill factor, and ram pressure affect distribution and dispersion of materials. The objective of the current study is to gain valuable insights on the influence of fill factor, which is the volume of the material relative to the volume of the chamber. Two‐dimensional (2D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of rubber mixing in a 2‐wing rotor‐equipped chamber are presented here, for the first time, for fully‐filled/100% and partially‐filled/75% chambers. The volume‐of‐fluid (VOF) technique is employed to capture the interface between the rubber and air in partially filled isothermal simulations. Flow patterns are visualized to analyze the material movement. Massless particles are injected and various statistics are calculated from their positions in order to compare dispersive and distributive mixing characteristics between the fully‐filled and partially‐filled cases. Specifically, quantities such as mixing index and the maximum shear stress distribution history of particles are analyzed to obtain information about dispersive mixing, while length of stretch and cluster distribution index, also calculated from particles, are presented to investigate distributive mixing capabilities. All the results consistently demonstrated the superior effectiveness of partially‐filled mixing chambers in terms of their dispersive and distributive mixing characteristics in comparison to fully‐filled chambers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44250.