bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocols for Argentine ant eradication in conservation areas
Authors: Boser C. L. , Hanna C. , Holway D. A. , Faulkner K. R. , Naughton I. , Merrill K. , Randall J. M. , Cory C. , Choe D.‐H. , Morrison S. A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) is a widespread, abundant and ecologically disruptive invader that is present throughout major portions of coastal California and on half of the California Channel Islands. On Santa Cruz Island, the Argentine ant had invaded about 2% of the island's area in four distinct locations as of 2012. Given the negative ecological effects resulting from Argentine ant invasions, we sought to develop a cost‐effective method of eradication. Here, we describe the results of large‐scale, field‐tested methods for Argentine ant eradication and post‐treatment detection. Our eradication protocol employs a novel toxicant‐delivery system: an aqueous solution of sucrose and 6 ppm of thiamethoxam mixed with hydrating polyacrylamide beads. Ants feed on the solution present on the bead's surface for about 24 h after which time bead dehydration prevents feeding. We distributed hydrated beads by helicopter over 74 ha of infested areas plus a 50‐m buffer on 14 occasions between June 2013 and September 2014. Treatments reduced Argentine ant activity to subdetectable levels within four months. In 2014, we conducted a high‐intensity detection protocol using lures (n = 55 363) in areas treated in 2013. This effort did not detect Argentine ants. In 2015, we conducted a medium‐intensity detection protocol using lures (n = 2250) in areas treated in 2013 and 2014 but not searched in 2014; this sampling effort did not detect Argentine ant activity except for a single remnant infestation (c. 0.3 ha in area), which was retreated in 2015. The cost of treatments was approximately $1400 per ha; this cost is comparable to other ant eradication efforts. The cost of our preferred detection method, which used lures spaced every 10 m, was $500 per ha. These results demonstrate sufficient protocol efficacy to justify expansion of treatments to other infested areas in ecologically sensitive areas.
Water temperature and dietary histidine affect cataract formation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) diploid and triploid yearling smolt
Authors: Sambraus F , Fjelldal P G , Remø S C , Hevrøy E M , Nilsen T O , Thorsen A , Hansen T J , Waagbø R 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate cataract development in diploid (2N) and triploid (3N) Atlantic salmon smolts and post‐smolts at two water temperatures (10 and 16 °C) given diets with different histidine supplementation (LH, 10.4 and HH, 13.1 g kg−1) before and after seawater transfer. In freshwater, a severe cataract outbreak was recorded in both ploidies reared at 16 °C. The cataract score was significantly higher in triploids compared to diploids, and the severity was lower in both ploidies fed the HH diet. The cataract development at 10 °C was minor. Low gill Na+, K+‐ATPase activity in fish reared at 16 °C before seawater transfer was followed by osmoregulatory stress with elevated plasma electrolyte concentrations and high mortality in sea water. Both diploids and triploids reared at 10 °C developed cataracts during the seawater period, with higher severities in triploids than diploids and a reduced severity in the fish fed the HH diet. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of environmental conditions in the husbandry of Atlantic salmon, and particularly triploids, with regard to smoltification and adjusted diets to mitigate cataract development in fresh and sea water.
In vivo adherence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum to mucosal external surfaces of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry
Authors: Papadopoulou A , Dalsgaard I , Lindén A , Wiklund T 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe adherence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum to surfaces of epithelial tissues has been inconclusively suggested as a mechanism, which enables the bacterium to invade the host. Hence, the present study aimed to examine the adherence of the cells of two colony phenotypes, smooth and rough, of F. psychrophilum to mucosal tissues of rainbow trout fry and to test the skin mucus as a nutrient for the growth of F. psychrophilum. Fish were immersed in water containing 106 CFU mL−1 F. psychrophilum for each colony phenotype. Mucosal tissue samples from fins, gills, skin and eyes, and swab samples from spleen and kidney were taken and inoculated onto TYES agar plates. Colony phenotypes of F. psychrophilum were identified and number of colonies counted. The results showed that cells of both phenotypes initially (0 h) adhered to all mucosal surfaces, but only the rough cells were still present on tissues 1 h post‐immersion. Both phenotypes showed a tissue tropism with the fin tissue being the most adhered. Furthermore, skin mucus promoted the growth of both colony phenotypes. We suggest that the growth of F. psychrophilum cells in skin mucus apparently facilitates the bacterial adherence to mucosal surfaces, and the subsequent invasion into the host.
A survey of microparasites present in adult migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in south‐western British Columbia determined by high‐throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Bass A L , Hinch S G , Teffer A K , Patterson D A , Miller K M 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMicroparasites play an important role in the demography, ecology and evolution of Pacific salmonids. As salmon stocks continue to decline and the impacts of global climate change on fish populations become apparent, a greater understanding of microparasites in wild salmon populations is warranted. We used high‐throughput, quantitative PCR (HT‐qRT‐PCR) to rapidly screen 82 adult Chinook salmon from five geographically or genetically distinct groups (mostly returning to tributaries of the Fraser River) for 45 microparasite taxa. We detected 20 microparasite species, four of which have not previously been documented in Chinook salmon, and four of which have not been previously detected in any salmonids in the Fraser River. Comparisons of microparasite load to blood plasma variables revealed some positive associations between Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Cryptobia salmositica and Ceratonova shasta and physiological indices suggestive of morbidity. We include a comparison of our findings for each microparasite taxa with previous knowledge of its distribution in British Columbia.
The Role of Ischemia Modified Albumin and D‐dimer as Early or Late Biochemical Markers in Ovarian Torsion
Authors: Karatas Gurgun Ayca , Kaban Isık , Aka Nurettin , Mentese Ahmet , Aker Fugen , Uras Ahmet Rıza 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to examine the potential roles of ischemia modified albumin(IMA) and D‐dimer as reliable early diagnostic markers of ovarian torsion.Materials and Methods24 Wistar albino rats were included and randomized into three groups. Control (sham) rats underwent laparotomy then bilateral ovaries removed for histopathological examination and concomitant blood sampling for IMA and D‐dimer assays after 4 h. In the remaining groups, ovarian ischemia was achieved by rotating bilateral ovaries 1080° clockwise then blood samples were obtained and ovaries were removed after 4 h and 24 h. IMA and D‐dimer levels as well as the histopathological injury scores were assessed in all groups.ResultsA statistically higher significant difference in D‐dimer levels in the 4‐h torsion group (Group 2) than the other groups (P = 0.001, P < 0.01).Despite absence of statistical significance, the difference in IMA levels between the groups was close to statistical significance (P = 0.064; P > 0.05); accordingly IMA levels were higher in the 24‐h torsion group (Group 3), than in 4‐h torsion (Group 2) or sham (Group 1) group.ConclusıonOur results suggest that D‐dimer may represent a valuable acute marker of ovarian torsion. The cut‐off value for D‐dimer was 402 ng/ml. Although rats in Group3 had higher IMA than in other groups, the difference was only close to statistical significance. Also, increasing duration of torsion was associated with reduced D‐dimer levels, while IMA levels exhibited an increase during the 24 h period. In contrast with previous studies, IMA appeared to be a potential marker in the long term rather than the short term.
The issues regarding postoperative adjuvant therapy and prognostic risk factors for patients with stage I–II cervical cancer: A review
Authors: Takekuma Munetaka , Kasamatsu Yuka , Kado Nobuhiro , Kuji Shiho , Tanaka Aki , Takahashi Nobutaka , Abe Masakazu , Hirashima Yasuyuki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe treatment for most patients with early‐stage cervical cancer involves radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection, and indications for postoperative adjuvant therapy have been determined by evaluating the prognostic risk factors for recurrence in each case. The aim of this review is to raise and discuss the various issues that have not yet been resolved regarding the prognostic risk factors and postoperative adjuvant therapy.Several clinicopathological factors, such as tumor size, lymphovascular space involvement, deep stromal invasion, parametrial involvement and lymph node metastasis, have been identified to have prognostic significance in early‐stage cervical cancer. However, this remains controversial because there is suggested to be substantial heterogeneity among patients after radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy and it would be difficult to define the risk groups clearly. This indicates the need to develop more convenient and accurate criteria to define risk groups.According to the currently available evidence, patients in the high‐risk group should receive adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with cisplatin (CDDP) and fluolouracil. However, CCRT with CDDP administered weekly (CCRT‐P) has instead been applied in a clinical context worldwide. Whether CCRT‐P has a survival benefit compared with radiotherapy (RT) alone is unknown because no randomized phase III trials have been performed for patients in the high‐risk group after radical surgery. Patients with high‐risk factors have a high incidence of distant metastasis, for whom systemic chemotherapy might be a key to improving overall survival.The pivotal study that investigated the role of RT alone for patients with intermediate‐risk factors after hysterectomy is the GOG092 trial. This trial showed a 47% reduction in the risk of recurrence after RT compared with no further treatment (NFT). However, the improvement in overall survival with RT did not reach statistical significance, while patients allocated to the RT group did experience an increase in severe toxicities compared with the NFT group. This could be why many physicians are reluctant to treat patients with this approach, although guidelines recommend RT for patients with intermediate‐risk factors.With regard to toxicities, postoperative RT would be problematic because the organs in the pelvis targeted by RT have already been damaged by radical surgery. To reduce the toxicities, intensity‐modulated radiotherapy would best be used worldwide.Further improvement in adjuvant therapy will come from enhanced definition of prognostic risk factors, better patient selection, and refinements in both local and systematic therapies.
Increased podocyturia in pregnant women compared to non‐pregnant women
Authors: Furuta Itsuko , Zhai Tianyue , Umazume Takeshi , Ishikawa Satoshi , Nakagawa Kinuko , Akaishi Rina , Yamada Takahiro , Morikawa Mamoru , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimHyperfiltration is a cause of podocyturia and occurs physiologically in the kidney of pregnant women. Podocyturia is increased in preeclamptic pregnancies, but it is unclear whether there is also any increase in uncomplicated pregnancies. This study was performed to examine whether podocyturia and urine aquaporin 2 mRNA expression are increased in healthy pregnant women (PW) compared to healthy non‐pregnant women (NPW).MethodsEleven urines obtained from 11 NPW and longitudinal 76 urines from 40 PW with uncomplicated pregnancies (median number [range] of urine samples/person, 2 [1 – 3]) were studied. Determination of protein and creatinine concentrations and number of cells in urine other than blood cells, and quantitative analyses of the mRNA expression of aquaporin 2 (AQP2‐mRNA), podocin (Pod‐mRNA), and nephrin (Nep‐mRNA) were performed using RT‐PCR in pelleted urine samples. Podocyturia was monitored with urine Pod‐ and Nep‐mRNA expression levels normalized relative to creatinine.ResultsUrine cell density and urine AQP2‐, Pod‐, and Nep‐mRNA expression normalized relative to creatinine were significantly higher in PW than NPW. The number of cells per milligram of creatinine was significantly positively correlated with expression of all three mRNAs with correlation coefficients (R‐value) of 0.442, 0.481, and 0.561 for Pod‐, Nep‐, and AQP2‐mRNA, respectively. AQP2‐mRNA expression was strongly (R  >  0.8) positively correlated with both Pod‐ and Nep‐mRNA expression.ConclusionPodocyturia monitored by Pod‐ and Nep‐mRNA expression and urine cells expressing AQP2‐mRNA were increased in uncomplicated pregnancies compared to healthy non‐pregnant women. Urine cells expressing AQP2‐mRNA increased with increasing podocyturia in healthy women.
High‐risk epithelial ovarian cancer patients for hereditary ovarian cancer
Authors: Chirasophon Seksit , Manchana Tarinee , Teerapakpinyo Chinachote 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimRisk assessment to identify patients at risk for hereditary ovarian cancer is important. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the frequency of high‐risk epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients and the frequency of germline mutation in these patients.MethodsA total of 335 patients with histologically confirmed non‐mucinous EOC were included. High‐risk patients were defined as patients who had: (i) significant family history of breast/ovarian/colorectal/endometrial cancers; (ii) synchronous breast/endometrial/colorectal cancer; or (iii) high‐grade serous carcinoma. Germline mutation was evaluated by Next Generation Sequencing system with the 27‐genes panel.ResultsA total of 94 patients (28.1%) were high‐risk patients, 5.1% had significant family history of cancers, 4.2% had synchronous primary cancers, and 22.1% had high‐grade serous carcinoma. Germline mutation was detected in 10 of 35 patients (28.6%). Six germline mutations (17.1%) occurred in homologous recombination (HR) genes; these included three (8.6%) in BRCA1, one (2.9%) in BRCA2, and two (5.7%) in other HR genes (CHEK2 and RAD1C). Three patients (8.6%) had MMR gene mutations (one MLH1 and two MSH2) and one patient (2.9%) had other gene mutation (MUTYH). Of the 10 patients with germline mutation, 40% of patients had no significant family history of cancer.ConclusionUp to 30% of EOC patients had risk factors for hereditary ovarian cancer. Germline mutation was identified in 28.6% of patients (11.4% BRCA mutation, 5.7% other HR genes mutation, 8.6% MMR mutation, and 2.9% mutation in other gene). The high cost of genetic testing is an important barrier. Selected patients with high‐risk factors might be initially considered for genetic testing in a limited‐resource setting.
High serum progesterone associated with infertility in a woman with nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Kawarai Yoshimasa , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Segawa Tomoya , Teramoto Shokichi , Tanaka Tomoaki , Shozu Makio 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) is an autosomal‐recessive disorder caused by 21‐hydroxylase deficiency and manifests as hirsutism and oligomenorrhea due to excess adrenal androgen and progesterone. We report a case of a woman with NCAH who showed continuous high serum progesterone levels in the follicular phase associated with impaired folliculogenesis. NCAH was diagnosed based on high 17‐hydroxyprogesterone levels after rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone loading, and three heterozygous missense mutations in CYP21A2, encoding 21‐hydroxylase, were identified. Recurrent failure of in vitro fertilization programs occurred because of empty follicles and preterm rupture of leading follicles, and vaginal stenosis with a hypoplastic cervix. Glucocorticoid administration normalized serum progesterone levels, restored folliculogenesis, and stretched the vaginal wall, which contributed to the success of the in vitro fertilization program. The patient delivered at term following blastocyst transfer. Correction of hyperandrogenism and high progesterone levels using glucocorticoids may improve fertility in women with NCAH.
Risk factors for central serous chorioretinopathy in pregnant Japanese women
Authors: Morikawa Mamoru , Cho Kazutoshi , Kojima Takashi , Chiba Kentaro , Ishikawa Satoshi , Umazume Takeshi , Nakagawa Kinuko , Yamada Takashi , Yamada Takahiro , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThis study was performed to determine risk factors for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in pregnant women.MethodsThis retrospective observational study was performed in a cohort of all 1881 women giving birth at a single center. The hospital database was searched to abstract all women diagnosed with pre‐eclampsia (PE) as well as those visiting the eye clinic during the current pregnancy. Medical chart review was performed in all women diagnosed with CSC and PE.ResultsPE developed in 73 (3.9%) women, six (8.2%) of whom visited the eye clinic for problems occurring in the current pregnancy; 47 of 1808 (2.6%) women without PE visited the eye clinic (P  = 0.015). Four women were identified as having developed CSC after onset of PE, and none of those without PE developed CSC (5.5% [4/73] vs 0.0% [0/1808], respectively, P <  0.0001). Stepwise regression analysis selected four risk factors for CSC: hematocrit value > 38.0% (odds ratio [OR], 22.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.12–247), serum creatinine > 0.7 mg/dL (OR, 21.7; 95%CI, 1.12–422), time interval from diagnosis of PE until delivery > 14 days (OR, 20.0; 95%CI, 1.87–214), and urine protein : creatinine ratio (mg/mg) > 4.5 (OR, 15.7; 95%CI, 0.81–304). Hematocrit value > 38.0% was finally identified as the only independent risk factor (OR, 22.9; 95%CI, 2.12–1716) for CSC in PE women.ConclusionCSC was likely to occur in PE women, especially in those with hemoconcentration as a result of plasma leakage from the circulating blood due to increased vascular permeability.
Effect of zinc sulfate supplementation on premenstrual syndrome and health‐related quality of life: Clinical randomized controlled trial
Authors: Siahbazi Shiva , Behboudi‐Gandevani Samira , Moghaddam‐Banaem Lida , Montazeri Ali 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe purpose of study was to assess the effect of zinc sulfate (ZS) supplementation on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and health‐related quality of life (QoL).MethodsThis was a double‐blind randomized and placebo‐controlled trial using the parallel technique conducted between June 2013 and May 2014. A total of 142 women (age, 20–35 years) with PMS were allocated to either the ZS or placebo group. The women in the intervention group received ZS 220‐mg capsules (containing 50 mg elemental zinc) from the 16th day of the menstrual cycle to the second day of the next cycle. Data were collected using the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) and 12‐item Short‐Form Health Survey Questionnaire.ResultThe prevalence of moderate to severe PMS in the ZS group significantly decreased throughout the study period (9.5% in the first, 6% in the second and 2.6% in the third month of the study, P < 0.001), but in the control placebo group this reduction was seen only in the first month of the study (14.2% in the first, 13.7% in the second and 13.5% in the third month, P = 0.08). Also, ZS improved the PSST component scores throughout the study period. The mean scores of QoL in physical and mental components were significantly improved in the ZS intervention group. However, the differences were statistically significant only 3 months after the intervention.ConclusionZinc sulfate, as a simple and inexpensive treatment, was associated with improvement of PMS symptoms and health‐related QoL. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Identification of Mungbean yellow mosaic Indian virus Associated with Tomato Leaf Curl Betasatellite Infecting Phaseolus vulgaris in Oman
Authors: Shahid Muhammad S. , Briddon Rob W. , Al‐Sadi Abdullah M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractKidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants exhibiting foliar yellow mosaic symptoms and some leaf crumpling were identified in the Al Batinah region of Oman. Rolling circle amplification and polymerase chain reaction identified a bipartite begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) and a betasatellite in association with the symptomatic plants. Analysis of full‐length sequences showed the virus to be Mungbean yellow mosaic Indian virus (MYMIV) and the betasatellite Tomato leaf curl betasatellite (ToLCB). This is the first identification of a legume‐adapted begomovirus in Oman and the first identification of MYMIV in association with the betasatellite ToLCB. The isolate of MYMIV from Oman shows the greatest levels of sequence identity to isolates occurring in South Asia and South‐East Asia, suggesting that the virus has only recently been introduced. The significance of these findings is discussed.