bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards the spatial coherence of biogeographical regionalizations at subcontinental and landscape scales
Authors: Divíšek Jan , Storch David , Zelený David , Culek Martin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimOne of the fundamental tools in biogeography is the classification of the Earth surface into spatially coherent units based on assemblage distinctiveness. However, spatial coherence of biogeographical regions may be scale‐dependent, that is, it may change with changing the size of spatial units used. We ask (1) how the clusters resulting from the classification of animal assemblages at different spatial scales differ in their spatial coherence, (2) whether there are geographical trends in the patterns of spatial coherence, and (3) what factors drive these patterns at different scales and in different areas of Europe.LocationEurope.MethodsWe used data from distribution atlases at two spatial scales (50 × 50 km and c. 10 × 10 km) and, for each scale, we selected four different areas across Europe, each of them covered by 250 grid cells. We classified each area based on the distributions of mammals (coarser scale only) and birds (both scales). Subsequently, we calculated the spatial coherence of resulting clusters and correlated it with environmental factors and geographical distance.ResultsCoarse‐scale classifications provided more spatially coherent clusters than the classifications at the finer scale and this pattern was closely related to different strength of distance decay of similarity in the species composition at different scales. Spatial coherence revealed latitudinal trends, so that coarse‐scale clusters were more spatially coherent in northern Europe. Geographical distance was the best predictor of spatial patterns at the coarser scale, although this effect was strong only in central and northern Europe. At the finer scale, topography and land cover composition were the most important.Main conclusionsSpatial coherence of biogeographical regionalizations depends on scale and varies geographically. It is closely related to different beta diversity patterns at different scales and in different areas. Heterogeneous areas with high beta diversity and endemism reveal more complex patterns than areas characterized by lower beta diversity but a stronger relationship between beta diversity and distance, and consequently coherent clusters. If the development of the species distribution databases provides fine‐resolution data covering large areas in the future, the issue of the scale of biogeographical regionalizations will probably become even more crucial.
Practitioner Review: Psychological treatments for children and adolescents with conduct disorder problems – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bakker M.J. , Greven C.U. , Buitelaar J.K. , Glennon J.C. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThis meta‐analysis evaluates the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments for conduct disorder (CD) problems in children and adolescents, based on child, parent and teacher report.MethodsPubMed, PsycINFO and EMBASE were searched for peer‐reviewed articles published between January 1970 and March 2015. Main inclusion criteria were nonpharmacological treatment, participants younger than 18 years, clinical CD problems/diagnosis, randomized controlled trials and inclusion of at least one CD problem‐related outcome. Treatment efficacy is expressed in effect sizes (ESs) calculated for each rater (parent, teacher, self and blinded observer).ResultsOf 1,549 articles retrieved, 17 (published between June 2004 and January 2014) describing 19 interventions met the inclusion criteria. All studies used psychological treatments; only three studies included a blinded observer to rate CD problems. Most studies were of very poor to fair quality. ESs were significant but small for parent‐reported outcomes (0.36, 95% CI = 0.27–0.47), teacher‐reported outcomes (0.26, 95% CI = 0.12–0.49) and blinded observer outcomes (0.26, 95% CI = 0.06–0.47), and they were nonsignificant for self‐reported outcomes (−0.01, 95% CI = −0.25 to 0.23). Comorbidity, gender, age, number of sessions, duration, intervention type, setting, medication use or dropout percentage did not influence the effect of treatment.ConclusionsPsychological treatments have a small effect in reducing parent‐, teacher‐ and observer‐rated CD problems in children and adolescents with clinical CD problems/diagnosis. There is not enough evidence to support one specific psychological treatment over another. Future studies should investigate the influence of participant characteristics (e.g. age of CD onset), use more homogeneous outcome measures and allow better evaluation of study quality. Many reports failed to provide detailed information to allow optimization of psychological treatment strategies.
Complex effects of dyslexia risk factors account for ADHD traits: evidence from two independent samples
Authors: Mascheretti Sara , Trezzi Vittoria , Giorda Roberto , Boivin Michel , Plourde Vickie , Vitaro Frank , Brendgen Mara , Dionne Ginette , Marino Cecilia 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundDevelopmental dyslexia (DD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, whose etiology involves multiple risk factors. DD and ADHD co‐occur in the same individuals much more often than would be expected by chance. Several studies have found significant bivariate heritability, and specific genes associated with either DD or ADHD have been investigated for association in the other disorder. Moreover, there are likely to be gene‐by‐gene and gene‐by‐environment interaction effects (G × G and G × E, respectively) underlying the comorbidity between DD and ADHD. We investigated the pleiotropic effects of 19 SNPs spanning five DD genes (DYX1C1, DCDC2, KIAA0319, ROBO1, and GRIN2B) and seven DD environmental factors (smoke, miscarriage, birth weight, breastfeeding, parental age, socioeconomic status, and parental education) for main, either (a) genetic or (b) environmental, (c) G × G, and (d) G × E upon inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. We then attempted replication of these findings in an independent twin cohort.MethodsMarker‐trait association was analyzed by implementing the Quantitative Transmission Disequilibrium Test (QTDT). Environmental associations were tested by partial correlations. G × G were investigated by a general linear model equation and a family‐based association test. G × E were analyzed through a general test for G × E in sib pair‐based association analysis of quantitative traits.ResultsDCDC2‐rs793862 was associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity via G × G (KIAA0319) and G × E (miscarriage). Smoke was significantly correlated with hyperactivity/impulsivity. We replicated the DCDC2 × KIAA0319 interaction upon hyperactivity/impulsivity in the twin cohort.ConclusionsDD genetic (DCDC2) and environmental factors (smoke and miscarriage) underlie ADHD traits supporting a potential pleiotropic effect.
Cutaneous T‐Cell Lymphoma. A hypothesis on disease pathophysiology involving deficiency in DNA repair
Authors: Thestrup‐Pedersen K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare disease occurring in Europe among two persons per million per year. It affects men more often than women (2:1). It is primarily a skin disease. In about 20% of patients, it becomes fatal with tumours in the skin and spreading to lymph glands. Approximately 3% of patients show a leukemic form called Sezary's syndrome, where malignant cells are present in blood with accompanying erythrodermia. CTCL is a T‐lymphocyte disease occurring late in life as the average age of patients is around 66 years in Europe, Japan and the US. This article focuses on cell lines and immune surveillance in CTCL, and especially the pronounced chromosomal instability. It leads to the hypothesis that chromosomal changes is the key event linked to DNA repair deficiencies, which in a subpopulation of T cells leads to CTCL development over years.
Histamine elimination from the cerebrospinal fluid across the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier: involvement of plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT/SLC29A4)
Authors: Usui Takuya , Nakazawa Ayumi , Okura Takashi , Deguchi Yoshiharu , Akanuma Shin‐ichi , Kubo Yoshiyuki , Hosoya Ken‐ichi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe elimination of histamine, an excitatory neurotransmitter, from the brain/CSF across the blood–brain barrier and blood–CSF barrier (BCSFB) was investigated using Wistar rats, which were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. An in vivo intracerebral microinjection study suggested that there was only partial efflux of [3H]histamine from the rat brain across the blood–brain barrier. The [3H]histamine elimination clearance from the rat CSF was 3.8‐fold greater than that of a CSF bulk flow marker, and the elimination of [3H]histamine was significantly inhibited by the co‐administration of unlabeled histamine, suggesting the involvement of a carrier‐mediated process in histamine elimination from the CSF. The uptake study of [3H]histamine by the isolated rat choroid plexus revealed histamine elimination from the CSF across the BCSFB. The [3H]histamine uptake by TR‐CSFB3 cells, a model cell line for the BCSFB, exhibited temperature‐dependent and saturable kinetics, suggesting the involvement of carrier‐mediated transport of histamine at the BCSFB. In the inhibition study, [3H]histamine uptake by TR‐CSFB3 cells was significantly inhibited by substrates and/or inhibitors of plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT/SLC29A4), but not affected by substrates of organic cation transporters. These results suggest the elimination of histamine from the CSF via plasma membrane monoamine transporter at the BCSFB.
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A Simple and Accurate Resistance Identification Method of Rice to Neck Blast Disease In Vitro
Authors: Lan Bo , Yang Ying‐Qing , Chen Hong‐Fan , Jiang Jun‐Xi , Li Xiang‐Min 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTwelve rice cultivars with differential resistance to rice blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae (Hebert) Barr), including Tetep (R), IR36 (MR) and Lijiangxituanhegu (HS), and nine locally planted rice cultivars in Jiangxi helped establish an identification method for rice resistance to neck blast. We describe a new technique of dropping a spore suspension on the panicle segment in vitro (DSSPS). This technique involved rice panicles that were initially 0.5–2 cm in length and then cut into a 7‐ to 8‐cm segment (i.e. an upper node of 1 cm and a lower node of 6–7 cm). The segment was placed into a Petri dish with a stack of sterile water saturated filter paper. The suspension (4 μl 1 × 105spores/ml) was placed at each of three locations on the segment (with an approximate interval of 3 cm). Disease severity was then assessed according to a 0–9 scale after incubating for 9 days with a 12 h/12 h (light/day cycle) at 28°C. Choosing a suitable developmental stage of the rice panicle and blast strains was a key to evaluate resistance accurately. DSSPS is a simple and accurate method of identifying rice resistance to neck blast as compared to injecting the spore suspension into the rice panicle in vivo and resistance identification in natural nurseries. It is stressed that at least 20 single‐spore strains are needed to accurately assess rice resistance to neck blast. We tested 1005 rice cultivars for neck blast resistance in Jiangxi province during 2010–2015, which showed an accuracy of 85.77% by DSSPS as compared with natural nursery data.
Parents with mental illness – a qualitative study of identities and experiences with support services
Authors: Jones M. , Pietilä I. , Joronen K. , Simpson W. , Gray S. , Kaunonen M. 
Published: August 2016

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

According to estimates more than half of adult mental health service users are parents, but their experiences are largely lacking from research literature.

Parental mental illness can often be viewed from a risk perspective.

Parents with mental illness and their families have unmet support needs.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Parents with mental illness want acknowledgement that they can be able and responsible.

Many parents adopt an expert by experience identity.

Fathers can feel their parental role is not recognized and mothers express fears of being judged if they discuss their illness.

What are the implications for practice?

Adult mental health services need to recognize and support parental role of service users.

Joint care planning and family oriented care should be promoted.

Professionals should take advantage of the knowledge of these parents and they could be more actively engaged in service development.

AbstractIntroductionParental mental illness is often viewed from a risk perspective. Despite this, being a parent can be both valuable and motivating. Research literature lacks the perspective of mothers and fathers, who have experienced mental illness.AimThis study explores how parents with mental illness construct their identities as mothers and fathers and their experiences with health and social care services.MethodThree focus groups with 19 participants were conducted in Finland and Scotland. Methods of discourse analysis have been used in to analyse the interview data.ResultsAdult service users want their parenting role recognized and supported. Parents have knowledge and skills which can be utilized and many have adopted an expert by experience identity.DiscussionBeing able to see oneself as a ‘good’ parent can be challenging but important. Parents may require support, but want to be included in the planning of their care. Services could make more use of the knowledge and skills parents and families have, and joint working could lessen parents’ anxieties.Implications for practiceMental health practitioners are in a key position in providing more family centred, resource focused care. Service user expertise should be acknowledged in clinical practice.
Invasive species’ leaf traits and dissimilarity from natives shape their impact on nitrogen cycling: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Marissa R. , Bernhardt Emily S. , van Bodegom Peter M. , Cornelissen J. Hans C. , Kattge Jens , Laughlin Daniel C. , Niinemets Ülo , Peñuelas Josep , Reich Peter B. , Yguel Benjamin , Wright Justin P. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryMany exotic species have little apparent impact on ecosystem processes, whereas others have dramatic consequences for human and ecosystem health. There is growing evidence that invasions foster eutrophication. We need to identify species that are harmful and systems that are vulnerable to anticipate these consequences. Species’ traits may provide the necessary insights.We conducted a global meta‐analysis to determine whether plant leaf and litter functional traits, and particularly leaf and litter nitrogen (N) content and carbon: nitrogen (C : N) ratio, explain variation in invasive species’ impacts on soil N cycling.Dissimilarity in leaf and litter traits among invaded and noninvaded plant communities control the magnitude and direction of invasion impacts on N cycling. Invasions that caused the greatest increases in soil inorganic N and mineralization rates had a much greater litter N content and lower litter C : N in the invaded than the reference community. Trait dissimilarities were better predictors than the trait values of invasive species alone.Quantifying baseline community tissue traits, in addition to those of the invasive species, is critical to understanding the impacts of invasion on soil N cycling.
Buccally impacted maxillary canines increase the likelihood of root separation in adjacent first premolars
Authors: Cao D , Zhu L , Chen Y , Xie L , Yan B , Sun Z 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of maxillary impacted canines on the root morphology of adjacent premolars in a Chinese population.Subjects and MethodsA sample of 370 Chinese subjects with maxillary canine impaction and 370 control subjects were collected in this study. CBCT data of all subjects were collected and analyzed. The prevalence of separate‐rooted maxillary premolars was compared between subjects with and without impacted canines. Then, the prevalence of separate‐rooted maxillary premolars was compared between subjects with buccal canine impaction (BIC) and those with palatal impaction (PIC).ResultsThe prevalence of separate‐rooted first premolars was significantly higher in the canine impaction group (P = 0.046), but the prevalence of separate‐rooted second premolars was not different (P = 0.780). Furthermore, a significant higher prevalence of first premolar root separation was found on the impacted site in the BIC subgroup (P < 0.001), but not in the PIC subgroup (P = 0.508). Also, the prevalence of separate‐rooted first premolars in the BIC subgroup was significantly higher than that of the control group (P = 0.008), but not so for the PIC subgroup (P = 0.097).ConclusionsBuccally impacted maxillary canines are associated with an increased prevalence of root separation in the adjacent maxillary first premolars. This is likely because that buccally impacted canines encroach on the space needed for root development of the first premolars.
Molecular regulation and physiological functions of a novel FaHsfA2c cloned from tall fescue conferring plant tolerance to heat stress
Authors: Wang Xiuyun , Huang Wanlu , Liu Jun , Yang Zhimin , Huang Bingru 
Published: August 2016

SummaryHeat stress transcription factors (HSFs) compose a large gene family, and different members play differential roles in regulating plant responses to abiotic stress. The objectives of this study were to identify and characterize an A2‐type HSF, FaHsfA2c, in a cool‐season perennial grass tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) for its association with heat tolerance and to determine the underlying physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms of FaHsfA2c imparting plant tolerance to heat stress. FaHsfA2c was localized in nucleus and exhibited a rapid transcriptional increase in leaves and roots during early phase of heat stress. Ectopic expression of FaHsfA2c improved basal and acquired thermotolerance in wild‐type Arabidopsis and also restored heat‐sensitive deficiency of hsfa2 mutant. Overexpression of FaHsfA2c in tall fescue enhanced plant tolerance to heat by triggering transcriptional regulation of heat‐protective gene expression, improving photosynthetic capacity and maintaining plant growth under heat stress. Our results indicated that FaHsfA2c acted as a positive regulator conferring thermotolerance improvement in Arabidopsis and tall fescue, and it could be potentially used as a candidate gene for genetic modification and molecular breeding to develop heat‐tolerant cool‐season grass species.
Acquired palatal groove and delayed oral feeding in preterm infants
Authors: Enomoto Masahiro , Sezaki Hiromi , Muranishi Rie , Sato Yumi , Kikuchi Shin , Katayama Yoshinori , Takei Atsuko , Ikegami Hitoshi , Sakuma Mio , Minami Hirotaka 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundAcquired palatal groove has been reported in the 1970s and 1980s, but its current incidence in Japanese newborns is unclear. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of palatal groove in preterm infants and to evaluate whether this condition affects oral feeding ability.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study among very low‐birthweight infants born at Takatsuki General Hospital, Osaka, between March and October in 2010. The shape of the hard palate was classified into three types: normal, narrow high‐arched palate, and palatal groove.ResultsAmong the 37 enrolled infants, 14 (38%) had palatal groove. In particular, among the 29 infants with birthweight <1000 g, palatal groove was observed in 48% of these patients, and only 10% were normal. Infants with palatal groove were ventilated for considerably more days with oral endotracheal tube than those without palate groove, even after adjustment for gestational age, birthweight, and duration of oral duodenal tube placement (OR, 1.11). Establishment of oral feeding and disappearance of choking on milk were considerably delayed in infants with palatal groove. Transient oral feeding difficulty requiring thickened‐feed intervention was observed only in infants with palatal groove; on multi‐regression analysis this difficulty seemed to be induced by the palatal groove.ConclusionsPalatal groove formation induced by oral endotracheal intubation occurs with a high frequency in preterm infants, and this is likely to affect oral feeding ability.
Synthesis and Modification of Zn‐doped TiO2 Nanoparticles for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Pang Shuo , Huang Ji‐guo , Su Yun , Geng Bo , Lei Su‐yuan , Huang Yu‐ting , Lyu Cong , Liu Xing‐juan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of Zn‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles by solgel method was investigated in this study, as well as its modification by H2O2. The catalyst was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, UV–visible reflectance spectra and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that doping Zn into TiO2 nanoparticles could inhibit the transformation from anatase phase to rutile phase. Zn existed as the second valence oxidation state in the Zn‐doped TiO2. Zn‐doped TiO2 that was synthesized by 5% Zn doping at 450°C exhibited the best photocatalytic activity. Then, the H2O2 modification further enhanced the photocatalytic activity. Zn doping and H2O2 modifying narrowed the band gap and efficiently increased the optical absorption in visible region. The optimal degradation rate of tetracycline by Zn‐doped TiO2 and H2O2 modified Zn‐doped TiO2 was 85.27% and 88.14%. Peroxide groups were detected in XPS analysis of H2O2 modified Zn‐doped TiO2, favoring the adsorption of visible light. Furthermore, Zn‐doped TiO2 modified by H2O2 had relatively good reusability, exhibiting a potential practical application for tetracycline's photocatalytic degradation.
Aging, inflammation, immunity and periodontal disease
Authors: Ebersole Jeffrey L. , Graves Christina L. , Gonzalez Octavio A. , Dawson Dolph , Morford Lorri A. , Huja Pinar Emecen , Hartsfield James K. , Huja Sarandeep S. , Pandruvada Subramanya , Wallet Shannon M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe increased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease have long been associated with aging, such that this oral condition affects the majority of the adult population over 50 years of age. Although the immune system is a critical component for maintaining health, aging can be characterized by quantitative and qualitative modifications of the immune system. This process, termed ‘immunosenescence’, is a progressive modification of the immune system that leads to greater susceptibility to infections, neoplasia and autoimmunity, presumably reflecting the prolonged antigenic stimulation and/or stress responses that occur across the lifespan. Interestingly, the global reduction in the host capability to respond effectively to these challenges is coupled with a progressive increase in the general proinflammatory status, termed ‘inflammaging’. Consistent with the definition of immunosenescence, it has been suggested that the cumulative effect of prolonged exposure of the periodontium to microbial challenge is, at least in part, a contributor to the effects of aging on these tissues. Thus, it has also been hypothesized that alterations in the function of resident immune and nonimmune cells of the periodontium contribute to the expression of inflammaging in periodontal disease. Although the majority of aging research has focused on the adaptive immune response, it is becoming increasingly clear that the innate immune compartment is also highly affected by aging. Thus, the phenomenon of immunosenescence and inflammaging, expressed as age‐associated changes within the periodontium, needs to be more fully understood in this era of precision and personalized medicine and dentistry.