bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well‐Differentiated, Non‐Functional, Non‐Ampullary Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Toward Defining Evaluation and Management
Authors: Weatherall Timothy , Denbo Jason , Sharpe John , Martin Michael , O’Brien Thomas , Gupta Rajib , Groshart Kenneth , Behrman Stephen , Dickson Paxton 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionNonfunctional, non‐ampullary duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (dNETs) are rare neoplasms, and specific treatment recommendations are less clear than for other NETs.Materials and methodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients (pts) with a diagnosis of dNET, excluding hormonally functional, ampullary, and high‐grade tumors. Clinical data were evaluated to identify factors that might impact clinical staging and predictors of metastases.ResultsThirty‐six pts were identified. Surgical resection was performed in 28 and endoscopic resection in 8. LNs were included in specimens of 19/28 (68 %) pts who underwent surgical resection (median #LNs 5, range 1–12). Of these 19 pts, 5 (26 %) were found to be LN+. Of LN+ pts, all had tumors ≤2 cm. When compared to LN− pts, LN+ pts were more likely to have muscularis propria (MP) invasion (80 vs. 23 %, p = 0.04). Tumor size, tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, and multifocality were similar between LN+ and LN− patients. No pt was found to have distant metastases. Heterogeneity in clinical staging modalities and small number of pts evaluated prohibited meaningful analysis of most appropriate preoperative imaging. At a median follow‐up of 25 months (range 9–139), no patient developed recurrence or experienced disease‐specific death.ConclusionsNon‐functional, non‐ampullary dNETs, particularly those with MP invasion, have a propensity to metastasize to regional LNs. However, these neoplasms appear to have a favorable prognosis. Further evaluation of preoperative imaging is required to better determine most appropriate clinical staging. A suggested workup and management strategy for prospective evaluation is proposed.
Structural Characterization of Phase Separation in Fe-Cr: A Current Comparison of Experimental Methods
Authors: XU XIN , ODQVIST JOAKIM , COLLIANDER MAGNUS HÖRNQVIST , THUVANDER MATTIAS , STEUWER AXEL , WESTRAADT JOHAN E. , KING STEPHEN , HEDSTRÖM PETER 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Self-assembly due to phase separation within a miscibility gap is important in numerous material systems and applications. A system of particular interest is the binary alloy system Fe-Cr, since it is both a suitable model material and the base system for the stainless steel alloy category, suffering from low-temperature embrittlement due to phase separation. Structural characterization of the minute nano-scale concentration fluctuations during early phase separation has for a long time been considered a major challenge within material characterization. However, recent developments present new opportunities in this field. Here, we present an overview of the current capabilities and limitations of different techniques. A set of Fe-Cr alloys were investigated using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), atom probe tomography, and analytical transmission electron microscopy. The complementarity of the characterization techniques is clear, and combinatorial studies can provide complete quantitative structure information during phase separation in Fe-Cr alloys. Furthermore, we argue that SANS provides a unique in-situ access to the nanostructure, and that direct comparisons between SANS and phase-field modeling, solving the non-linear Cahn Hilliard equation with proper physical input, should be pursued.
Whole-rock and mineral chemistry of mafic cumulates from the Low-Ti ophiolite in the southern part of Kahramanmaras, Turkey
Authors: Tanirli M. , Rizaoglu T. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A Late Cretaceous dismembered ophiolite unit in the south of Kahramanmaras belongs to the Peri-Arabian ophiolite belt in southern Turkey. The ophiloitic rocks include, from bottom to top, metamorphic sole (plagioclase-amphibole schist and plagioclase amphibolite), mantle tectonites (serpentinized dunite and harzburgite), ultramafic cumulates (mainly websterite), mafic cumulates (olivine gabbro, gabbro, and olivine gabbronorite), and isotropic gabbros (olivine gabbronorite). The whole-rock geochemistry of the cumulates suggests that they can mainly be classified as Low-Ti ophiolite and derived from an island arc tholeiitic magma source. Chondrite normalized REE and N-MORB normalized multielement patterns and tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams show that fractional crystallization was important during the formation of the cumulate rocks. The presence of highly magnesian olivines (Fo78.24–81.89), clinopyroxenes (Mg#71.46–85.82), and orthopyroxenes (Mg#62.63–87.18) as well as highly calcic plagioclases (An81.88–97.40) in the mafic cumulates indicates a subduction-related tectonic environment. The geochemical, petrographical, and field data suggest that the ophiolitic rocks in the studied region formed in a suprasubduction zone environment in the southern branch of Neotethys in the Late Cretaceous.
Motion of a spherical capsule in branched tube flow with finite inertia
Authors: Wang Z. , Sui Y. , Salsac A.-V. , Barthès-Biesel D. , Wang W. 
Published: October 2016

We computationally study the transient motion of an initially spherical capsule flowing through a right-angled tube bifurcation, composed of tubes having the same diameter. The capsule motion and deformation is simulated using a three-dimensional immersed-boundary lattice Boltzmann method. The capsule is modelled as a liquid droplet enclosed by a hyperelastic membrane following the Skalak’s law (Skalak et al., Biophys. J., vol. 13(3), 1973, pp. 245–264). The fluids inside and outside the capsule are assumed to have identical viscosity and density. We mainly focus on path selection of the capsule at the bifurcation as a function of the parameters of the problem: the flow split ratio, the background flow Reynolds number $Re$, the capsule-to-tube size ratio $a/R$ and the capillary number $Ca$, which compares the viscous fluid force acting on the capsule to the membrane elastic force. For fixed physical properties of the capsule and of the tube flow, the ratio $Ca/Re$ is constant. Two size ratios are considered: $a/R=0.2$ and 0.4. At low $Re$, the capsule favours the branch which receives most flow. Inertia significantly affects the background flow in the branched tube. As a consequence, at equal flow split, a capsule tends to flow straight into the main branch as $Re$ is increased. Under significant inertial effects, the capsule can flow into the downstream main tube even when it receives much less flow than the side branch. Increasing $Ca$ promotes cross-stream migration of the capsule towards the side branch. The results are summarized in a phase diagram, showing the critical flow split ratio for which the capsule flows into the side branch as a function of size ratio, $Re$ and $Ca/Re$. We also provide a simplified model of the path selection of a slightly deformed capsule and explore its limits of validity. We finally discuss the experimental feasibility of the flow system and its applicability to capsule sorting.
DYNAMICS ON SUPERSINGULAR K3 SURFACES AND AUTOMORPHISMS OF SALEM DEGREE 22
Authors: BRANDHORST SIMON 
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we exhibit explicit automorphisms of maximal Salem degree 22 on the supersingular K3 surface of Artin invariant one for all primes $p\equiv 3~\text{mod}\,4$ in a systematic way. Automorphisms of Salem degree 22 do not lift to any characteristic zero model.
Parental and perinatal risk factors for sexual offending in men: a nationwide case-control study
Authors: Babchishin K. M. , Seto M. C. , Sariaslan A. , Lichtenstein P. , Fazel S. , Långström N. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundPrior studies suggest parental and perinatal risk factors are associated with later offending. It remains uncertain, however, if such risk factors are similarly related to sexual offending.MethodWe linked socio-demographic, family relations, and perinatal (obtained at birth) data from the nationwide Swedish registers from 1973 to 2009 with information on criminal convictions of cases and control subjects. Male sex offenders (n = 13 773) were matched 1:5 on birth year and county of birth in Sweden to male controls without sexual or non-sexual violent convictions. To examine risk-factor specificity for sexual offending, we also compared male violent, non-sexual offenders (n = 135 953) to controls without sexual or non-sexual violent convictions. Predictors included parental (young maternal or paternal age at son's birth, educational attainment, violent crime, psychiatric disorder, substance misuse, suicide attempt) and perinatal (number of older brothers, low Apgar score, low birth weight, being small for gestational age, congenital malformations, small head size) variables.ResultsConditional logistic regression models found consistent patterns of statistically significant, small to moderate independent associations of parental risk factors with sons’ sexual offending and non-sexual violent offending. For perinatal risk factors, patterns varied more; small for gestational age and small head size exhibited similar risk effects for both offence types whereas a higher number of older biological brothers and any congenital malformation were small, independent risk factors only for non-sexual violence.ConclusionsThis nationwide study suggests substantial commonalities in parental and perinatal risk factors for the onset of sexual and non-sexual violent offending.
Political Training and Social Change in the 1960s and 1970s: The Educational Activities of the Latin American Central of Workers (CLAT)
Authors: Scodeller Gabriela 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article reconstructs the educational policies of the Latin American Confederation of Christian Trade Unions (CLASC)—the name of which was later changed to the Latin American Central of Workers (CLAT) —in the context of the Latin American Cold War. It provides an empirical description of its pedagogical praxis, showing how it was shaped in constant dialogue with the region's conflictive context. It explores how they viewed political training in relation to both their organizing efforts and struggles, applying a conception that brought together “action, organization and training” as integrated elements, in the run to foster class awareness, build up a “new society,” and “workers’ organized power”.
The Cooperative Movement and the Education of Working Men and Women: Provision by a Local Society in Lincoln, England, 1861–1914
Authors: Jackson Andrew J.H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the second half of the nineteenth century the provision of better education for working-class men and women became one of the various and broad-ranging set of preoccupations of the cooperative movement in Britain. Much early cooperation was economic, concerning alternative means of production and distribution. However, local societies also turned themselves toward other forms of societal improvement, including creating the facilities and contexts that would promote and support the education and learning of adults. The archive of the Lincoln Equitable Co-operative Industrial Society offers a rich body of source material for a microhistorical investigation of the expansion and diversification of one local cooperative up to the First World War. The members’ magazine of this local society in particular records the evolution of its purpose—economic, political, social, and cultural. This included achieving progress through various forms of educational provision—although the opportunities for men contrasted with those made available for women. This research illuminates what is a relatively underresearched area—that is, exploration of the complexities, dynamism, and phenomenology of local cooperative adult education and the significance of what it had to offer the development of the labor movement in particular places.
Class Formation in Sweden and Britain: Educating Workers
Authors: Jansson Jenny 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe European labor movements developed in different directions during the twentieth century. The class formation literature has tried to explain these differences but left unexplored the internal dynamics of the labor movement and, above all, the differences in ideological schooling. Workers’ education constitutes a forum for ideological schooling of members, and these educational settings can be identity constitutive and thus play an important part in the class formation process. In this article I analyze the institutions for workers’ education in Sweden and Britain and I suggest that the variation of the design and practices of workers’ education had an impact on the movements’ developments in terms of identity formation and cohesiveness.
The Accuracy of Microtargeted Policy Positions
Authors: Endres Kyle 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIdentifying voters who share policy positions with the candidates has become an important component of modern political campaigns as they rely on microtargeted estimates to guide targeting decisions. Using survey data and microtargeted estimates from the 2012 election, I conduct one of the first independent examinations of the accuracy of microtargeting. The estimates are the most accurate in Florida, a state that requests information on the race of voters when they register and has party registration. The estimates are less accurate in the other battleground states that do not collect as much information. The accuracy rates range from 36% to 82% depending on the issue and state.
Twitter Taunts and Tirades: Negative Campaigning in the Age of Trump
Authors: Gross Justin H. , Johnson Kaylee T. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTWhat drives candidates to “go negative” and against which opponents? Using a unique dataset consisting of all inter-candidate tweets by the 17 Republican presidential candidates in the 2016 primaries, we assess predictors of negative affect online. Twitter is a free platform, and candidates therefore face no resource limitations when using it; this makes Twitter a wellspring of information about campaign messaging, given a level playing-field. Moreover, Twitter’s 140-character limit acts as a liberating constraint, leading candidates to issue sound bites ready for potential distribution not only online, but also through conventional media, as tweets become news. We find tweet negativity and overall rate of tweeting increases as the campaign season progresses. Unsurprisingly, the front-runner and eventual nominee, Donald Trump, sends and receives the most negative tweets and is more likely than his opponents to strike out against even those opponents who are polling poorly. However, candidates overwhelmingly “punch upwards” against those ahead of them in the polls, and this pattern goes beyond attacks against those near the top. Sixty of 136 dyads are characterized by lopsided negativity in one direction and only one of these 60 involves a clearly higher status candidate on the offensive.
Bias, guess and expert judgement in actuarial work
Authors: Tredger E. R. W. , Lo J. T. H. , Haria S. , Lau H. H. K. , Bonello N. , Hlavka B. , Scullion C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractExpert judgement is frequently used within general insurance. It tends to be a method of last resort and used where data is sparse, non-existent or non-applicable to the problem under consideration. Whilst such judgements can significantly influence the end results, their quality is highly variable. The use of the term “expert judgement” itself can lend a generous impression of credibility to what may be a little more than a guess. Despite the increased emphasis placed on the importance of robust expert judgements in regulation, actuarial research to date has focussed on the more technical or data-driven methods, with less emphasis on how to use and incorporate softer information or how best to elicit judgements from others in a way that reduces cognitive biases. This paper highlights the research that the Getting Better Judgement Working Party has conducted in this area. Specifically, it covers the variable quality of expert judgement, both within and outside the regulatory context, and presents methods that may be applied to improve its formation. The aim of this paper is to arm the insurance practitioner with tools to distinguish between low-quality and high-quality judgements and improve the robustness of judgements accordingly, particularly for highly material circumstances.
An Origami Approximation to the Cosmic Web
Authors: Neyrinck Mark C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe powerful Lagrangian view of structure formation was essentially introduced to cosmology by Zel'dovich. In the current cosmological paradigm, a dark-matter-sheet 3D manifold, inhabiting 6D position-velocity phase space, was flat (with vanishing velocity) at the big bang. Afterward, gravity stretched and bunched the sheet together in different places, forming a cosmic web when projected to the position coordinates.Here, I explain some properties of an origami approximation, in which the sheet does not stretch or contract (an assumption that is false in general), but is allowed to fold. Even without stretching, the sheet can form an idealized cosmic web, with convex polyhedral voids separated by straight walls and filaments, joined by convex polyhedral nodes. The nodes form in ‘polygonal’ or ‘polyhedral’ collapse, somewhat like spherical/ellipsoidal collapse, except incorporating simultaneous filament and wall formation. The origami approximation allows phase-space geometries of nodes, filaments, and walls to be more easily understood, and may aid in understanding spin correlations between nearby galaxies. This contribution explores kinematic origami-approximation models giving velocity fields for the first time.
Disentangling the Cosmic Web with Lagrangian Submanifold
Authors: Shandarin Sergei F. , Medvedev Mikhail V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Cosmic Web is a complicated highly-entangled geometrical object. Remarkably it has formed from practically Gaussian initial conditions, which may be regarded as the simplest departure from exactly uniform universe in purely deterministic mapping. The full complexity of the web is revealed neither in configuration no velocity spaces considered separately. It can be fully appreciated only in six-dimensional (6D) phase space. However, studies of the phase space is complicated by the fact that every projection of it on a three-dimensional (3D) space is multivalued and contained caustics. In addition phase space is not a metric space that complicates studies of geometry. We suggest to use Lagrangian submanifold i.e., x = x(q), where both x and q are 3D vectors instead of the phase space for studies the complexity of cosmic web in cosmological N-body dark matter simulations. Being fully equivalent in dynamical sense to the phase space it has an advantage of being a single valued and also metric space.
Beyond single-stream with the Schrödinger method
Authors: Uhlemann Cora , Kopp Michael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe investigate large scale structure formation of collisionless dark matter in the phase space description based on the Vlasov-Poisson equation. We present the Schrödinger method, originally proposed by \cite{WK93} as numerical technique based on the Schrödinger Poisson equation, as an analytical tool which is superior to the common standard pressureless fluid model. Whereas the dust model fails and develops singularities at shell crossing the Schrödinger method encompasses multi-streaming and even virialization.
Higher-order Lagrangian perturbative theory for the Cosmic Web
Authors: Tatekawa Takayuki , Mizuno Shuntaro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractZel'dovich proposed Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT) for structure formation in the Universe. After this, higher-order perturbative equations have been derived. Recently fourth-order LPT (4LPT) have been derived by two group. We have shown fifth-order LPT (5LPT) In this conference, we notice fourth- and more higher-order perturbative equations. In fourth-order perturbation, because of the difference in handling of spatial derivative, there are two groups of equations. Then we consider the initial conditions for cosmological N-body simulations. Crocce, Pueblas, and Scoccimarro (2007) noticed that second-order perturbation theory (2LPT) is required for accuracy of several percents. We verify the effect of 3LPT initial condition for the simulations. Finally we discuss the way of further improving approach and future applications of LPTs.
Structure and kinematics of the Bootes filament
Authors: Nasonova O. , Karachentsev I. , Karachentseva V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBootes filament of galaxies is a dispersed chain of groups residing on sky between the Local Void and the Virgo cluster. We consider a sample of 361 galaxies inside the sky area of RA = 13h0...18h.5 and Dec = .5°... + 10° with radial velocities VLG < 2000 km/s to clarify its structure and kinematics. In this region, 161 galaxies have individual distance estimates. We use these data to draw the Hubble relation for galaxy groups, pairs as well as the field galaxies, and to examine the galaxy distribution on peculiar velocities. Our analysis exposes the known Virgo-centric infall at RA < 14h and some signs of outflow from the Local Void at RA > 17h. According to the galaxy grouping criterion, this complex contains the members of 13 groups, 11 pairs and 140 field galaxies. The most prominent group is dominated by NGC 5846. The Bootes filament contains the total stellar mass of 2.7 ×1012M⊙ and the total virial mass of 9.07×1013M⊙, having the average density of dark matter to be Ωm = 0.09, i.e. a factor three lower than the global cosmic value.
Characterising large-scale structure with the REFLEX II cluster survey
Authors: Chon Gayoung 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe study the large-scale structure with superclusters from the REFLEX X-ray cluster survey together with cosmological N-body simulations. It is important to construct superclusters with criteria such that they are homogeneous in their properties. We lay out our theoretical concept considering future evolution of superclusters in their definition, and show that the X-ray luminosity and halo mass functions of clusters in superclusters are found to be top-heavy, different from those of clusters in the field. We also show a promising aspect of using superclusters to study the local cluster bias and mass scaling relation with simulations.
The structural elements of the cosmic web
Authors: Jones Bernard J.T. , van de Weygaert Rien 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn 1970 Zel'dovich published a far-reaching paper presenting a simple equation describing the nonlinear growth of primordial density inhomogeneities. The equation was remarkably successful in explaining the large scale structure in the Universe that we observe: a Universe in which the structure appears to be delineated by filaments and clusters of galaxies surrounding huge void regions. In order to concretise this impression it is necessary to define these structural elements through formal techniques with which we can compare the Zel'dovich model and N-body simulations with the observational data.We present an overview of recent efforts to identify voids, filaments and clusters in both the observed galaxy distribution and in numerical simulations of structure formation. We focus, in particular, on methods that involve no fine-tuning of parameters and that handle scale dependence automatically. It is important that these techniques should result in finding structures that relate directly to the dynamical mechanism of structure formation.