bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communication failure: analysis of prescribers’ use of an internal free-text field on electronic prescriptions
Authors: Ai Angela , Wong Adrian , Amato Mary , Wright Adam 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Importance
Electronic prescribing promises to improve the safety and clarity of prescriptions. However, it also can introduce miscommunication between prescribers and pharmacists. There are situations where information that is meant to be sent to pharmacists is not sent to them, which has the potential for dangerous errors.

Objective
To examine how frequently prescribers or administrative personnel put information intended for pharmacists in a field not sent to pharmacists, classify the type of information included, and assess the potential harm associated with these missed messages.

Design, Setting, Participants
Medication record data from our legacy electronic health record were requested for ambulatory care patients seen at an academic medical center from January 1, 2000, to May 31, 2015 (20 123 881 records). From this database, 6 060 272 medication orders met our inclusion criteria. We analyzed a random sample of 10 000 medication orders with internal comments.

Main Outcomes and Measures
Reviewers classified internal comments for intent. Comments intended for pharmacists were also sorted into descriptive categories and analyzed for the potential for patient harm.

Results
We found that 11.7% of the prescriptions in our sample contained comments that were intended to be sent to pharmacists. Many comments contained information about the dose, route, or duration of the prescription (38.0%). Approximately a third of the comments intended for pharmacists contained information that had the potential for significant or severe harm if not communicated.

Conclusion
We found undelivered comments that were clearly intended for pharmacists and contained important information for either pharmacists or patients. This poses a legitimate safety concern, as a portion of comments contained information that could have prevented severe or significant harm.
Daoism and Philosophy
Authors: Lee Jung 
Published: January 2018

Along with Confucianism, Daoism represents one of the major indigenous philosophical and religious traditions of China. Although we can trace the origins of Daoism to the 4th century bce, the term “Daoism” (daojia道家, lit. “family of the Way”) only gained currency during the Western Han (206 bce–6 ce) when the neologism was coined by the historian Sima Tan 司馬談 (d. 110 bce) in his “Essentials of the Six Schools” (liujia zhi yaozhi六家之要指), long after the introduction of such foundational texts as the Laozi老子and Zhuangzi莊子. Having said that, we can note certain family resemblances among textual sources and master-disciple lineages during the pre-Han period that point to shared views on the cosmology of the Way (dao道, lit. “road” or “path”), the ultimate metaphysical force in the cosmos, and self-cultivation practices or “techniques of the Way” (dao shu道術) that would enable the adept to attune or merge with the Way and lead a more realized life. It is the presence of these “techniques of the Way” that led Sima Tan to label certain individual “experts” and practitioners “Daoists.” Toward the end of the Eastern Han in 142 ce, we witness the beginnings of Daoism as an organized, institutional religion with the founding of the Way of the Celestial Masters (tian shi dao天師道) and then later with the emergence of subsequent religious communities like the Shangqing 上清 or Highest Clarity and Quanzhen 全真 or Complete Perfection. Although there has been an historical proclivity, now less pronounced, on the part of some Chinese scholars and Western sinologists to bifurcate Daoism into “philosophical Daoism” and “religious Daoism,” the distinction needlessly essentializes aspects of Daoism and ignores the complex process of poetic influence and conceptual appropriation within the tradition. With this in mind, this entry will focus on selections that highlight the philosophical dimensions of the Daoist tradition, beginning with a section on Daoism in the context of early Chinese philosophy along with dedicated sections on the Laozi and Zhuangzi. The rest of the entry will be organized into topics that address particular aspects of Daoist philosophy, including epistemology, ethics, metaphysics, social and political philosophy, and comparative studies.
Preterm Delivery and Low Birth Weight Among Neonates Conceived With Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Compared With Conventional In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Keyhan Sanaz , Truong Tracy , Li Yi-Ju , Jackson-Bey Tia , Eaton Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the prevalence of prematurity and low birth weight (LBW) among singletons conceived with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) compared with those conceived with conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF).

METHODS:
Using the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcomes Reporting System, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of women undergoing a first, fresh autologous ICSI or conventional IVF cycle from 2004 to 2013. Singleton live births were included in the analysis. Primary outcomes were preterm delivery and LBW. Secondary outcomes were very preterm delivery, preterm LBW, term LBW, and very LBW. Logistic regression models and propensity score matching were used to compare perinatal outcomes between ICSI and IVF cycles. Subset analyses were performed after stratification by sperm source, male factor infertility, and female prognosis.

RESULTS:
Of the 90,401 cycles included in the analysis, ICSI was used in 60,719 (67.2%) and conventional IVF was used in 29,682 (32.8%). After propensity score matching and covariate adjustment, the two groups had similar odds of preterm delivery (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% CI 0.89–1.18) and LBW (adjusted OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.78–1.10). Using the matched data set, subset analyses demonstrated no significant association between the method of fertilization and the examined perinatal outcomes.

CONCLUSION:
Rates of preterm delivery and LBW were similar between pregnancies conceived with ICSI and conventional IVF after propensity score matching and stratifying by baseline patient characteristics. Previously reported differences in these outcomes were likely secondary to patients' inherent risk factors rather than the fertilization procedure itself.
Third-Trimester Maternal Vaccination Against Pertussis and Pertussis Antibody Concentrations
Authors: Abraham Cynthia , Pichichero Michael , Eisenberg Jesse , Singh Sonali 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To compare pertussis antibody concentrations in maternal venous serum (at the time of delivery) and umbilical cord arterial serum among women vaccinated with the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine from either 27–30 6/7 weeks of gestation or from 31–35 6/7 weeks of gestation.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective cohort study of pregnant women divided into two groups based on when Tdap was administered: 27–30 6/7 weeks of gestation and 31–35 6/7 weeks of gestation. Paired maternal and umbilical cord samples were obtained at the time of delivery to determine immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations to pertussis toxin and pertactin.

RESULTS:
Eighty-eight pregnant women were enrolled. Cord serum pertussis toxin IgG concentrations were approximately twice maternal serum pertussis toxin IgG concentrations (91.6 vs 48.6 enzyme-linked immunoassay [ELISA] units/mL, P<.01) and were significantly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.85, P<.01). There was no significant difference in maternal serum pertussis toxin IgG concentrations (48.6 vs 48.6 ELISA units/mL, P=.99), cord serum pertussis toxin IgG concentrations (92.1 vs 90.7 ELISA units/mL, P=.95), and cord serum pertactin IgG concentrations (798 vs 730 international units/mL, P=.73) between the two groups. Furthermore, there was no correlation between time from vaccination to delivery and these three parameters. Cord serum pertussis toxin IgG concentrations were greater than 10 ELISA units/mL (ie, in the protective range) in 87% and 97% of those vaccinated from 27–30 6/7 weeks of gestation and from 31–35 6/7 weeks of gestation, respectively (P=.13).

CONCLUSION:
Maternal vaccination against pertussis between 27 and 36 weeks of gestation was associated with a high percentage of newborns with antibody concentrations conferring protection and did not vary by gestational age at vaccination.
Immediate Delivery Compared With Expectant Management in Late Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Quist-Nelson Johanna , de Ruigh Annemijn A. , Seidler Anna Lene , van der Ham David P. , Willekes Christine , Berghella Vincenzo , Pajkrt Eva , Patterson Jillian , Espinoza David , Morris Jonathan , Mol Ben , Askie Lisa ,   for the Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes Meta-analysis (PPROMM) Collaboration
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To compare the effects of immediate delivery an expectant management among women whose pregnancies were complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) in the late preterm period (from 34 0/7 weeks until 36 6/7 weeks of gestation).

DATA SOURCES:
PubMed, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until December 2016.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
We included all randomized controlled trials with individual participant data reporting on late preterm PROM with randomization to immediate delivery or expectant management. The primary outcome was a composite of adverse neonatal outcomes: probable or definitive neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, respiratory distress syndrome, stillbirth, or neonatal death.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION AND RESULTS:
Of eight eligible trials (total n=3,203 mothers), three (2,563 mothers, 2,572 neonates) had individual participant data available. The composite adverse neonatal outcome occurred in 9.6% of neonates in the immediate delivery group and 8.3% in the expectant management group (relative risk [RR] 1.20, 95% CI 0.94–1.55). Neonatal sepsis rates were 2.6% and 3.5%, respectively (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.47–1.15). Neonates in the immediate delivery group were more likely to be diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.10–1.97), and to be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit or special care nursery (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.11–1.23) and had longer admissions. Mothers randomized to immediate delivery were less likely to have an antepartum hemorrhage (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.95) or chorioamnionitis (RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.13–0.35), but more likely to undergo cesarean delivery (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08–1.47).

CONCLUSION:
In women with late preterm PROM, immediate delivery and expectant management resulted in comparable rates of the composite of adverse neonatal outcomes. Effects on individual secondary maternal and neonatal outcomes were mixed.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:
PROSPERO, 42016032972.
FREQUENT SUBCLINICAL MACULAR CHANGES IN COMBINED BRAF/MEK INHIBITION WITH HIGH-DOSE HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE AS TREATMENT FOR ADVANCED METASTATIC BRAF MUTANT MELANOMA
Authors: Nti Akosua A. , Serrano Leona W. , Sandhu Harpal S. , Uyhazi Katherine E. , Edelstein Ilaina D. , Zhou Elaine J. , Bowman Scott , Song Delu , Gangadhar Tara C. , Schuchter Lynn M. , Mitnick Sheryl , Huang Alexander , Nichols Charles W. , Amaravadi Ravi K. , Kim Benjamin J. , Aleman Tomas S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:To assess the potential ocular toxicity of a combined BRAF inhibition (BRAFi) + MEK inhibition (MEKi) + hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) regime used to treat metastatic BRAF mutant melanoma.Methods:Patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma andBRAF V600Emutations (n = 11, 31–68 years of age) were included. Treatment was with oral dabrafenib, 150 mg bid, trametinib, 2 mg/day, and HCQ, 400 mg to 600 mg bid. An ophthalmic examination, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, near-infrared and short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence, and static perimetry were performed at baseline, 1 month, and q/6 months after treatment.Results:There were no clinically significant ocular events; there was no ocular inflammation. The only medication-related change was a separation of the photoreceptor outer segment tip from the apical retinal pigment epithelium that could be traced from the fovea to the perifoveal retina noted in 9/11 (82%) of the patients. There were no changes in retinal pigment epithelium melanization or lipofuscin content by near-infrared fundus autofluorescence and short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence, respectively. There were no inner retinal or outer nuclear layer changes. Visual acuities and sensitivities were unchanged.Conclusion:BRAFi (trametinib) + MEKi (dabrafenib) + HCQ causes very frequent, subclinical separation of the photoreceptor outer segment from the apical retinal pigment epithelium without inner retinal changes or signs of inflammation. The changes suggest interference with the maintenance of the outer retinal barrier and/or phagocytic/pump functions of the retinal pigment epithelium by effective MEK inhibition.
Revisiting autologous transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ganzel Chezi , Rowe Jacob M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose of review
Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) has been evaluated as a consolidation treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the 1980s and 1990s. These prospective studies from large trials compared auto-HCT with chemotherapy. A comparison was made also with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). These studies reported a lower relapse rate with auto-HCT compared with chemotherapy, but without impact on the overall survival. A high transplant-related mortality in that era confounded the relevance of these data.

Recent findings
Several prospective studies and a plethora of retrospective registry data have confirmed the potent antileukemic therapy of auto-HCT compared with chemotherapy and, in some instances, have even challenged the presumed superiority of allo-HCT as the definitive therapy for certain patients with AML.

Summary
The aggregate of recent data, prospective and retrospective, strongly suggests an important role for auto-HCT, at least as the most potent nonimmunologic antileukemia therapy. The transplant-related mortality in 2017 is close to that expected from standard consolidation therapy leading to the conclusion that the role of auto-HCT needs to be rigorously revisited, preferably in prospective studies, to establish its precise role in the current era.
Perforated Meckel Diverticulum
Authors: Talathi Saurabh , Kelly David , Anderson Scott , Vaid Yoginder , Mestre Jose 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Meckel diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract and the most common cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Although it usually follows the rule of 2's, exceptions to this rule are reported in the literature. Often asymptomatic, MD is commonly an incidental finding during surgical interventions. When symptomatic, the most common presentation of this condition is painless rectal bleeding. A myriad of other nonspecific symptoms are however possible, especially in adults, thus making this diagnosis difficult. Meckel diverticulum has been reported to mimic other abdominal pathologies like appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and pancreatitis to name a few.
We report a patient with acute abdomen in whom the more common causes of acute abdomen were ruled out and a diagnosis of MD was established on exploratory laparoscopy, only after he developed perforation. This report emphasizes the need for maintaining a high index of suspicion towards a possibility of a complicated MD in patients presenting with an acute abdomen, once other causes of acute abdomen are ruled out.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Evaluation of Severe Renal Trauma in an Adolescent
Authors: Root Jeremy M. , Abo Alyssa , Cohen Joanna 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Traumatic renal injuries are more common in pediatrics because of the relatively larger size of the kidneys in the pediatric patient. Although computerized tomography remains the criterion standard for the initial evaluation of blunt renal trauma, there is evidence that renal ultrasound may serve a role in postinjury surveillance. Here, we present a case in which point-of-care ultrasound was used to image severe blunt renal trauma in a 17-year-old adolescent boy. In this case, point-of-care ultrasound identified severely distorted renal parenchyma after a grade 5 renal laceration was identified on computerized tomography scan.
Assessment of Child Lead Exposure in a Philadelphia Community, 2014
Authors: Dignam Timothy , Pomales Ana , Werner Lora , Newbern E. Claire , Hodge James , Nielsen Jay , Grober Aaron , Scruton Karen , Young Rand , Kelly Jack , Brown Mary Jean 
Published: January 2018

Introduction:
Several urban neighborhoods in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have a history of soil, household lead paint, and potential lead-emitting industry contamination.

Objectives:
To (1) describe blood lead levels (BLLs) in target neighborhoods, (2) identify risk factors and sources of lead exposure, (3) describe household environmental lead levels, and (4) compare results with existing data.

Methods:
A simple, random, cross-sectional sampling strategy was used to enroll children 8 years or younger living in selected Philadelphia neighborhoods with a history of lead-emitting industry during July 2014. Geometric mean of child BLLs and prevalence of BLLs of 5 μg/dL or more were calculated. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to ascertain risk factors for elevated BLLs.

Results:
Among 104 children tested for blood lead, 13 (12.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.5-20.2) had BLLs of 5 μg/dL or more. The geometric mean BLL was 2.0 μg/dL (95% CI, 1.7-2.3 μg/dL). Higher geometric mean BLLs were significantly associated with front door entryway dust lead content, residence built prior to 1900, and a child currently or ever receiving Medicaid. Seventy-one percent of households exceeded the screening level for soil, 25% had an elevated front door floor dust lead level, 28% had an elevated child play area floor dust lead level, and 14% had an elevated interior window dust lead level. Children in households with 2 to 3 elevated environmental lead samples were more likely to have BLLs of 5 μg/dL or more. A spatial relationship between household proximity to historic lead-emitting facilities and child BLL was not identified.

Conclusion:
Entryway floor dust lead levels were strongly associated with blood lead levels in participants. Results underscore the importance to make housing lead safe by addressing all lead hazards in and around the home. Reduction of child lead exposure is crucial, and continued blood lead surveillance, testing, and inspection of homes of children with BLLs of 5 μg/dL or more to identify and control lead sources are recommended. Pediatric health care providers can be especially vigilant screening Medicaid-eligible/enrolled children and children living in very old housing.
5C-ID: Increased resolution Chromosome-Conformation-Capture-Carbon-Copy with in situ 3C and double alternating primer design
Authors: Kim Ji Hun , Titus Katelyn R. , Gong Wanfeng , Beagan Jonathan A. , Cao Zhendong , Phillips-Cremins Jennifer E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMammalian genomes are folded in a hierarchy of compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), subTADs and looping interactions. Currently, there is a great need to evaluate the link between chromatin topology and genome function across many biological conditions and genetic perturbations. Hi-C generates high quality, high resolution maps of looping interactions genome-wide, but is intractable for high-throughput screening of loops across conditions due to the requirement of an enormous number of reads (>6 Billion) per library. Here, we describe 5C-ID, an updated version of Chromosome-Conformation-Capture-Carbon-Copy (5C) with restriction digest and ligation performed in the nucleus (in situ Chromosome-Conformation-Capture (3C)) and ligation-mediated amplification performed with a new double alternating design. 5C-ID reduces spatial noise and enables higher resolution 3D genome folding maps than canonical 5C, allowing for a marked improvement in sensitivity and specificity of loop detection. 5C-ID enables the creation of high-resolution, high-coverage maps of chromatin loops in up to a 30 Megabase subset of the genome at a fraction of the cost of Hi-C.
Identification of differentially expressed small RNAs and prediction of target genes in Italian Large White pigs with divergent backfat deposition
Authors: Davoli Roberta , Gaffo Enrico , Zappaterra Martina , Bortoluzzi Stefania , Zambonelli Paolo 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe identification of the molecular mechanisms regulating pathways associated to the potential of fat deposition in pigs can lead to the detection of key genes and markers for the genetic improvement of fat traits. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) interactions with target RNAs regulate gene expression and modulate pathway activation in cells and tissues. In pigs, miRNA discovery is well far from saturation and the knowledge of miRNA expression in backfat tissue and particularly of the impact of miRNA variations are still fragmentary. We characterized by RNAseq the small RNAs (sRNAs) expression profiles in Italian Large White pig backfat tissue. Comparing two groups of pigs divergent for backfat deposition, we detected 31 significant differentially expressed (DE) sRNAs, 14 up-regulated (including ssc-miR-132, ssc-miR-146b, sscmiR-221–5p, ssc-miR-365–5p, and the moRNA ssc-moR-21–5p) and 17 down-regulated (including ssc-miR-136, ssc-miR-195, ssc-miR-199a-5p, and ssc-miR-335). To understand the biological impact of the observed miRNA expression variations, we used the expression correlation of DE miRNA target transcripts expressed in the same samples to define a regulatory network of 193 interactions between DE miRNAs and 40 DE target transcripts showing opposite expression profiles and being involved in specific pathways. Several miRNAs and mRNAs in the network resulted to be expressed from backfat related pig QTLs. These results are informative on the complex mechanisms influencing fat traits, shed light on a new aspect of the genetic regulation of fat deposition in pigs, and facilitate the perspective implementation of innovative strategies of pig genetic improvement based on genomic markers.
A cluster-aware, weighted ensemble clustering method for cell-type detection
Authors: Tsoucas Daphne , Yuan Guo-Cheng 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTSingle-cell analysis is a powerful tool for dissecting the cellular composition within a tissue or organ. However, it remains difficult to detect rare and common cell types at the same time. Here we present a new computational method, called GiniClust2, to overcome this challenge. GiniClust2 combines the strengths of two complementary approaches, using the Gini index and Fano factor, respectively, through a cluster-aware, weighted ensemble clustering technique. GiniClust2 successfully identifies both common and rare cell types in diverse datasets, outperforming existing methods. GiniClust2 is scalable to very large datasets.