bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfonylurea prescription patterns in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive analysis of real‐world data from pharmacies in Japan
Authors: Yamazaki Michiko , Takebe Tohru , Hosokawa Masaya , Saika Tomoya , Nakao Yutaka , Ikeda Shunya , Sakamoto Masaya 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionThe study aim was to investigate sulfonylurea prescription patterns in elderly patients (age ≥65 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan. Sulfonylurea use among older adults has been insufficiently examined, despite the associated risks of hypoglycemia.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cross‐sectional survey entailed analysis of Japanese pharmacy data, extracted from the Musubi database, for patients (age 20–100 years) prescribed sulfonylureas between November 2022 and October 2023. Dose distribution, adherence to the Diabetes Treatment Guidelines for the Elderly 2023 and coprescription of other diabetes medications were investigated.ResultsOf the total 91,229 patients, 80.1% were prescribed glimepiride, 16.3% gliclazide and 3.6% glibenclamide. In patients aged ≥65 years, exceeding the recommended dose (>1 mg/day for glimepiride, >40 mg/day for gliclazide) was numerically higher for glimepiride (25.0%) than for gliclazide (7.8%). The most common prescribing patterns were quadruple therapy with a sulfonylurea, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, an sodium–glucose transporter 2 inhibitor and a biguanide in patients aged 65 to <75 years, and dual therapy with a sulfonylurea and a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor in patients aged ≥75 years. Unfortunately, glinide was coprescribed for 338 (0.5%) of elderly patients. Insulin was coprescribed for 3,682 (5.6%) of elderly patients.ConclusionsAnalysis of real‐world sulfonylurea prescription data found guideline non‐adherence, namely, excessive prescription of glimepiride, use of glibenclamide in elderly patients, and common coprescription with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors. These findings might provide an opportunity to reconsider the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are over‐prescribed sulfonylureas to reduce residual risks, such as hypoglycemia.
Funny words on the screen: Exploring linguistic authority through subtitling practices
Authors: Wong Andrew D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLinguistic authority, though generally understood as the right claimed by some people and institutions to regiment language use and representation, has also been conceptualized as the power of languages to command respect and attention from community members. To explore these two aspects of linguistic authority, this article examines how the producers of a popular Chinese talk show use on‐screen text to construct authority both for themselves and for Putonghua (standard Mandarin) in situated moments of interaction. It focuses on an episode of the show in which the Putonghua‐speaking host interviews a Hong Kong actor/director known for his Gangpu (Hong Kong Mandarin). Through the strategic use of traditional subtitles and impact captions, the show's producers position themselves as anonymous listening subjects who not only provide running commentary on what viewers hear, but also contrast Putonghua with Gangpu and Cantonese, and affirm its legitimacy by presenting it as the unmarked, anonymous language against which these minoritized varieties are compared. To fully understand the (de)legitimation of linguistic authority in media productions, we need to consider both aspects of linguistic authority, examine how they are connected to each other, and attend to the array of contrasting relations that subtitling practices create among linguistic varieties.
Prevalence, trends, and outcomes of cerebral infarction in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the USA
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Bhatti Ibrahim A. , Gillani Syed A. , Beall Jonathan , Cassarly Christy N. , Gajewski Byron , Martin Renee H. , Suarez Jose I. , Kwok Chun Shing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeCerebral infarction remains an important cause of death or disability in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The prevalence, trends, and outcomes of cerebral infarction in patients with aneurysmal SAH at a national level are not known.MethodsWe identified the proportion of patients who develop cerebral infarction (ascertained using validated methodology) among patients with aneurysmal SAH and annual trends using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2016 to 2021. We analyzed the effect of cerebral infarction on in‐hospital mortality, routine discharge without palliative care (based on discharge disposition), poor outcome defined by the NIS SAH outcome measure, and length and costs of hospitalization after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 35,305 (53.6%) patients developed cerebral infarction among 65,840 patients with aneurysmal SAH over a 6‐year period. There was a trend toward an increase in the proportion of patients who developed cerebral infarction from 51.5% in 2016 to 56.1% in 2021 (p trend p<.001). Routine discharge was significantly lower (30.5% vs. 37.8%, odds ratio [OR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75‐0.89, p<.001), and poor outcome defined by NIS‐SAH outcome measure was significantly higher among patients with cerebral infarction compared with those without cerebral infarction (67.4% vs. 59.3%, OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.18‐1.40, p<.001). There was no difference in in‐hospital mortality (13.0% vs. 13.6%, OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.85‐1.05, p = .30). The length of stay (median 18 days [interquartile range [IQR] 13‐25] vs. 14 days [IQR 9‐20]), coefficient 3.04, 95% CI 2.44‐3.52 and hospitalization cost (median $96,823 vs. $71,311, coefficient 22,320, 95% CI 20,053‐24,587) were significantly higher among patients who developed cerebral infarction compared with those who did not develop cerebral infarction.ConclusionsCerebral infarction was seen in 54% of the patients with a trend toward an increase in the affected proportion of patients with aneurysmal SAH. Patients with cerebral infarction had higher rates of adverse outcomes and required higher resources during hospitalization.
Novel murine closed‐loop auditory stimulation paradigm elicits macrostructural sleep benefits in neurodegeneration
Authors: Dias Inês , Kollarik Sedef , Siegel Michelle , Baumann Christian R. , Moreira Carlos G. , Noain Daniela 
Published: September 2024

SummaryBoosting slow‐wave activity (SWA) by modulating slow waves through closed‐loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) might provide a powerful non‐pharmacological tool to investigate the link between sleep and neurodegeneration. Here, we established mouse CLAS (mCLAS)‐mediated SWA enhancement and explored its effects on sleep deficits in neurodegeneration, by targeting the up‐phase of slow waves in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD, Tg2576) and Parkinson's disease (PD, M83). We found that tracking a 2 Hz component of slow waves leads to highest precision of non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep detection in mice, and that its combination with a 30° up‐phase target produces a significant 15–30% SWA increase from baseline in wild‐type (WTAD) and transgenic (TGAD) mice versus a mock stimulation group. Conversely, combining 2 Hz with a 40° phase target yields a significant increase ranging 30–35% in WTPD and TGPD mice. Interestingly, these phase‐target‐triggered SWA increases are not genotype dependent but strain specific. Sleep alterations that may contribute to disease progression and burden were described in AD and PD lines. Notably, pathological sleep traits were rescued by mCLAS, which elicited a 14% decrease of pathologically heightened NREM sleep fragmentation in TGAD mice, accompanied by a steep decrease in microarousal events during both light and dark periods. Overall, our results indicate that model‐tailored phase targeting is key to modulate SWA through mCLAS, prompting the acute alleviation of key neurodegeneration‐associated sleep phenotypes and potentiating sleep regulation and consolidation. Further experiments assessing the long‐term effect of mCLAS in neurodegeneration may majorly impact the establishment of sleep‐based therapies.
Evolving Characteristics of Decedents With Hepatitis A Listed as a Cause of Death, United States, 2011–2021
Authors: Hofmeister Megan G. , Ly Kathleen N. , Yin Shaoman , Spradling Philip R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTHepatitis A is a vaccine‐preventable disease that typically causes mild illness. Hepatitis A outbreaks associated with person‐to‐person transmission have been widespread in the United States since 2016. We used public‐use US Multiple Cause of Death data to compare characteristics and listed comorbidities among decedents with hepatitis A‐listed deaths during non‐outbreak (2011–2015) and outbreak (2017–2021) periods and assessed the median age at death among decedents with and without hepatitis A‐listed deaths during the outbreak period. From the non‐outbreak period to the outbreak period, hepatitis A‐listed deaths more than doubled (from 369 to 801), while the hepatitis A‐listed age‐adjusted mortality rate increased 150% (p < 0.001). When compared with the non‐outbreak period, hepatitis A‐listed decedents during the outbreak period were more frequently male, aged 18–49 years, non‐Hispanic White, died in an inpatient setting, and had hepatitis A listed as their underlying cause of death. The median age at death for hepatitis A‐listed decedents was significantly younger during the outbreak period overall and among females (62 and 66 years, respectively) compared with the non‐outbreak period (64 and 72 years, respectively, p < 0.001). During the outbreak period, median age at death for hepatitis A‐listed decedents was 14 years younger than decedents without hepatitis A listed. Compared with the general US population, decedents with hepatitis A listed on the death certificate died at younger ages during 2017–2021. Efforts are needed to improve hepatitis A vaccination coverage among adults recommended for hepatitis A vaccination to prevent additional premature hepatitis A deaths.
Empowering youth as agents of change: Gaps and opportunities for meaningful youth engagement (MAYE) for sustainable nutrition, climate and public health programmes
Authors: Gaithuma Joseph , Chor Samuel , Natukunda Angela , Shahleen Pturgo , Kavle Justine A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAddressing the intersection of food insecurity, malnutrition and climate change in Sub‐Saharan Africa requires meaningful adolescent and youth engagement to drive sustainable change. Drawing on empirical evidence and collective experiences from youth‐led initiatives and coalitions, four gaps and opportunities to better involve youth in programmes are discussed, including, the need to: (1) standardise the definition of youth to improve programme design and data harmonisation, (2) provide capacity building and mentorship for youth leadership in health service delivery, (3) foster youth leadership and multisectoral collaboration in food and health systems and (4) enhance capacity development for non‐youth actors to support genuine youth participation. This viewpoint underscores the importance of involving African youth in public health nutrition, climate change and food security programmes design and implementation—as drivers of change to addressing hunger and climate crises. By centering youth voices and experiences, programmes and policies can better address African communities' complex challenges, fostering inclusivity, sustainability and resilience in achieving better nutrition and public health programmes and outcomes.
A computer vision–aided methodology for bridge flexibility identification from ambient vibrations
Authors: Cheng Yuyao , Jia Siqi , Zhang Jianliang , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the implementation of a novel monitoring system in which video images and conventional sensor network data are simultaneously analyzed to identify the structural flexibility from the ambient vibrations. The magnitude ratio between the flexibility estimated from known/unknown input force are theoretically derived and decomposed into two parts: and . The first scale factor related to basic modal parameters can be acquired using the general modal identification methods. Aiming to tackle the difficulty in identifying the second scale factor related to the force intensity, a video stream of traffic is processed to detect and classify vehicles to determine the vehicle's location while displacement measurements are simultaneously collected. By integrating the toll station data, the vehicle loads are assigned to the vehicle on the bridge deck through the uniqueness of the license plate number. Thus, a structural input–output relationship is established to solve the second scale factor . Finally, the flexibility estimated from the ambient vibration are scaled by and , respectively to obtain the exact flexibility , which are same as the analytical ones . Both numerical example and a laboratory test are performed to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed methodology. The algorithms, approaches, and results given in the paper demonstrate its effectiveness and shows great potential for its application on a real‐life bridge's condition assessment.
Interorgan, intraorgan and interplant communication mediated by nitric oxide and related species
Authors: Kolbert Zsuzsanna , Barroso Juan B. , Boscari Alexandre , Corpas Francisco J. , Gupta Kapuganti Jagadis , Hancock John T. , Lindermayr Christian , Palma José Manuel , Petřivalský Marek , Wendehenne David , Loake Gary J. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryPlant survival to a potential plethora of diverse environmental insults is underpinned by coordinated communication amongst organs to help shape effective responses to these environmental challenges at the whole plant level. This interorgan communication is supported by a complex signal network that regulates growth, development and environmental responses. Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a key signalling molecule in plants. However, its potential role in interorgan communication has only recently started to come into view. Direct and indirect evidence has emerged supporting that NO and related species (S‐nitrosoglutathione, nitro‐linolenic acid) are mobile interorgan signals transmitting responses to stresses such as hypoxia and heat. Beyond their role as mobile signals, NO and related species are involved in mediating xylem development, thus contributing to efficient root–shoot communication. Moreover, NO and related species are regulators in intraorgan systemic defence responses aiming an effective, coordinated defence against pathogens. Beyond its in planta signalling role, NO and related species may act as ex planta signals coordinating external leaf‐to‐leaf, root‐to‐leaf but also plant‐to‐plant communication. Here, we discuss these exciting developments and emphasise how their manipulation may provide novel strategies for crop improvement.
Leaf stomatal configuration and photosynthetic traits jointly affect leaf water use efficiency in forests along climate gradients
Authors: Pan Shengnan , Wang Xin , Yan Zhengbing , Wu Jin , Guo Lulu , Peng Ziyang , Wu Yuntao , Li Jing , Wang Bin , Su Yanjun , Liu Lingli 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Water use efficiency (WUE) represents the trade‐off between carbon assimilation and water loss in plants. It remains unclear how leaf stomatal and photosynthetic traits regulate the spatial variation of leaf WUE in different natural forest ecosystems.

We investigated 43 broad‐leaf tree species spanning from cold‐temperate to tropical forests in China. We quantified leaf WUE using leaf δ13C and measured stomatal traits, photosynthetic traits as well as maximum stomatal conductance () and maximum carboxylation capacity ().

We found that leaves in cold‐temperate forests displayed ‘fast’ carbon economics, characterized by higher leaf nitrogen, Chl, specific leaf area, and , as an adaptation to the shorter growing season. However, these leaves exhibited ‘slow’ hydraulic traits, with larger but fewer stomata and similar , resulting in higher leaf WUE. By contrast, leaves in tropical forests had smaller and denser stomata, enabling swift response to heterogeneous light conditions. However, this stomatal configuration increased potential water loss, and coupled with their low photosynthetic capacity, led to lower WUE.

Our findings contribute to understanding how plant photosynthetic and stomatal traits regulate carbon–water trade‐offs across climatic gradients, advancing our ability to predict the impacts of climate changes on forest carbon and water cycles.
On the Relationship Between Frailty, Nutritional Status, Depression and Quality of Life Among Older People
Authors: Kasa Ayele Semachew , Traynor Victoria , Lee Shu‐Chun , Drury Peta 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFrailty is a multidimensional geriatric syndrome associated with physical, psychological and social changes. There is a paucity of research on frailty in Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries, especially Ethiopia.ObjectivesTo assess the initial correlations among frailty, nutritional status, depression and QOL (quality of life) in a group of older people in Ethiopia who are later enrolled in a study examining the effects of a nurse‐led community intervention on frailty and related health outcomes.MethodsData from 68 community‐dwelling individuals 60 years of age, or over, were collected. Frailty was measured using the Amharic version of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. The statistical analysis included Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for degrees of association, Mann–Whitney U‐test for variables with two categories and Kruskal–Wallis for variables with three or more categories.ResultsThe mean frailty score for participants was 7.3 (±1.9). Participants with higher frailty scores had lower nutritional status (rs = −0.46, p < 0.01). There was a statistically significant relationship (positive) between frailty scores and depression (rs = 0.39, p < 0.01). Depressed (Md = 9, n = 23) and non‐depressed frail older people (Md = 7, n = 45) showed a significant difference in their overall frailty score, U = 330.50, z = −2.49, p = 0.01, r = 0.30. There was an inverse significant association between the level of frailty across different domains in the QOL: physical (rs = −0.44, p < 0.01), psychological (rs = −0.45, p < 0.01), social relations (rs = −0.29, p < 0.05) and environmental (rs = −0.47, p < 0.01).ConclusionThe findings from this study were consistent with those from across middle‐income and high‐income countries.Implications for PracticeThis research indicates that older people living in communities who are identified as frail often suffer from a poor nutritional status, depression and reduced QOL. It suggests that healthcare professionals in Sub‐Saharan countries would benefit from recognising the frailty in this population, and developing interventions aimed at enhancing nutrition, mental health and overall well‐being.
Visual impact of diffusion optic technology lenses for myopia control
Authors: Wolffsohn James S. , Hill Jennifer S. , Hunt Chris , Young Graeme 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess the visual impact of Diffusion Optics Technology™ 0.2 DOT lenses (SightGlass Vision Inc.) designed for myopia control on primary gaze. DOT spectacle lenses contain light scattering elements that scatter light as it passes through the lens which, in turn, reduces retinal image contrast.MethodsFifty‐one children (12.2 ± 1.3, range 10–14 years; 51% females) were randomly assigned to wear DOT spectacle (n = 27) or single vision lenses (n = 24) across six investigational sites in North America. Binocular high‐ and low‐contrast distant visual acuities, near visual acuity, reading speed, contrast sensitivity, stereoacuity and glare were assessed in primary gaze after at least 3 years of wear, with the study 95% powered in all metrics to detect significant differences between the groups.ResultsMean binocular distance high‐contrast (−0.09 ± 0.02 vs. −0.08 ± 0.02 logMAR, p = 0.81), low‐contrast (0.05 ± 0.02 vs. 0.07 ± 0.02 logMAR, p = 0.52) and near visual acuity with glare sources (−0.06 ± 0.03 vs. −0.09 ± 0.03 logMAR, p = 0.32) were similar for DOT and single vision lens wearers, respectively. Contrast sensitivity was similar between children wearing DOT or single vision lenses across 11 of the 16 spatial frequencies (p > 0.05). Mean stereopsis was similar (p = 0.30) with the DOT lenses (33.2 ± 12.5″) and single vision lenses (38.1 ± 14.2″). Functional reading speed metrics were similar in both study groups, as was the objectively measured head tilt during reading (p > 0.05). The mean halo radius was 0.56° ± 0.17° with the DOT lenses compared with 0.50° ± 0.12° with single vision lenses (p = 0.02), but the statistically significant difference was smaller than the non‐inferiority bound of 0.4°.ConclusionDiffusion optics technology lenses provide a clinically equivalent visual experience to a standard single vision lens.
Medicago truncatula SOBIR1 controls pathogen immunity and specificity in the Rhizobium‐legume symbiosis
Authors: Sarrette Baptiste , Luu Thi‐Bich , Johansson Alexander , Fliegmann Judith , Pouzet Cécile , Pichereaux Carole , Remblière Céline , Sauviac Laurent , Carles Noémie , Amblard Emilie , Guyot Valentin , Bonhomme Maxime , Cullimore Julie , Gough Clare , Jacquet Christophe , Pauly Nicolas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMedicago truncatula Nod Factor Perception (MtNFP) plays a role in both the Rhizobium‐Legume (RL) symbiosis and plant immunity, and evidence suggests that the immune‐related function of MtNFP is relevant for symbiosis. To better understand these roles of MtNFP, we sought to identify new interacting partners. We screened a yeast‐2‐hybrid cDNA library from Aphanomyces euteiches infected and noninfected M. truncatula roots. The M. truncatula leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) receptor‐like kinase SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1 (MtSOBIR1) was identified as an interactor of MtNFP and was characterised for kinase activity, and potential roles in symbiosis and plant immunity. We showed that the kinase domain of MtSOBIR1 is active and can transphosphorylate the pseudo‐kinase domain of MtNFP. MtSOBIR1 could functionally complement Atsobir1 and Nbsobir1/sobir1‐like mutants for defence activation, and Mtsobir1 mutants were defective in immune responses to A. euteiches. For symbiosis, we showed that Mtsobir1 mutant plants had both a strong, early infection defect and defects in the defence suppression in nodules, and both effects were plant genotype‐ and rhizobial strain‐specific. This work highlights a conserved function for MtSOBIR1 in activating defence responses to pathogen attack, and potentially novel symbiotic functions of downregulating defence in association with the control of symbiotic specificity.
Personal experiences with the national healthcare system and institutional trust in times of COVID‐19
Authors: Cavazza Nicoletta , Roccato Michele 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe conducted two studies to analyze the relations between dissatisfaction with experiences with the national healthcare system and trust in political (political parties and parliament), super partes (judiciary and police), and international (European Union [EU] and United Nations [UN]) institutions via the mediation of trust in the national healthcare system. Study 1 (longitudinal study on a quota sample of the Italian adult population, N = 689, surveyed in April 2021, T1, and in April 2022, T2) showed that dissatisfaction with experiences with the national healthcare system was negatively associated with trust in the national healthcare system, which, in turn, was positively associated with an increase in trust in political, super partes, and international institutions. Study 2 (between‐participant experimental design, N = 285) showed that priming a negative versus a positive experience with the national healthcare system decreased trust in this system, which, in turn, was positively associated with trust in political, super partes, and international institutions. The strengths, limitations, and possible development of this research are discussed.