bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage and race‐day performance in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Crispe E. J. , Lester G. D. , Secombe C. J. , Perera D. I. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundExercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) is commonly implicated as a cause of poor athletic performance but there is limited and conflicting evidence for this association.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine if EIPH, based on endoscopic examination after racing, is associated with a variety of novel and established performance parameters.Study designProspective, observational cross‐sectional study.MethodsThoroughbred racehorses competing between 2012 and 2015 were examined on‐course no earlier than 30 min after racing. Examinations were recorded and graded blindly by experienced veterinarians using a 0–4 scale. Linear mixed effect models were used for analysis of continuous response variables with horse name incorporated as a random effect to account for repeated sampling and horse variability. Generalised estimating equations were used for analysis of binary responses. Performance variables were examined in 2 models, comparing EIPH grade 0 to grades 1–4, and EIPH grade ≤2 compared with EIPH grades ≥3, controlling race factors that could influence performance.ResultsThere were 3794 observations collected from 1567 horses. EIPH was detected in 55.1% of observations. Horses with grade 4 EIPH were significantly more likely to have a lower finishing position and finish further behind the winner, less likely to place in the first 3 positions and collect race earnings, collected less earnings per race start and were slower over the last 600 m of the race than horses without EIPH (grade 0). Similar associations were seen in Model 2, with horses with EIPH grade ≥3 having inferior performance when compared to horses with EIPH ≤2.Main limitationsEnrolment was voluntary.ConclusionMild to moderate haemorrhage was not associated with inferior race day performance in this population of Thoroughbred racehorses.
Asp263 missense variants perturb the active site of human phosphoglucomutase 1
Authors: Stiers Kyle M. , Graham Abigail C. , Kain Bailee N. , Beamer Lesa J. 
Published: January 2017

The enzyme phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) plays a central role in glucose homeostasis. Clinical studies have identified mutations in human PGM1 as the cause of PGM1 deficiency, an inherited metabolic disease. One residue, Asp263, has two known variants associated with disease: D263G and D263Y. Biochemical studies have shown that these mutants are soluble and well folded, but have significant catalytic impairment. To better understand this catalytic defect, we determined crystal structures of these two missense variants, both of which reveal a similar and indirect structural change due to the loss of a conserved salt bridge between Asp263 and Arg293. The arginine reorients into the active site, making interactions with residues responsible for substrate binding. Biochemical studies also show that the catalytic phosphoserine of the missense variants is more stable to hydrolysis relative to wild‐type enzyme. The structural perturbation resulting from mutation of this single amino acid reveals the molecular mechanism underlying PGM1 deficiency in these missense variants.DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB under the accession numbers 5JN5 and 5TR2.
A Discriminatory Mechanism to Reduce Urban Congestion
Authors: Mougeot Michel , Schwartz Sonia 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this article, we propose an optimal mechanism to reduce congestion when information is asymmetric. Each car driver receives a quantity of traffic rights such that his adjusted marginal benefit is equal to the marginal cost of congestion and payments are based on willingness to pay. We show that the level of congestion achieved is lower and each car user can receive more or fewer rights than under complete information. With symmetric beliefs, the payment rule results from a seconddegree price discrimination. When beliefs are asymmetric, it results simultaneously from a second-degree price discrimination and from a third-degree price discrimination and high willingness-to-pay car users are discriminated against. The revenue raised can be used to reduce distortionary taxes, thereby gaining public acceptability.
Protected Area Designation, Natural Amenities, and Rural Development of Forested Counties in the Continental United States
Authors: Kovacs Kent , Haight Robert G. , West Grant 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPolicy makers who wish to spur economic development in rural forests face challenges that include population decline and poverty. Protected land and natural amenities enhance the quality of life and prospects for economic development, but there is limited research on how different types of protected land or natural amenities affect the rural forest economy. We use county level variables for protected areas differentiated by access and extractive use, and natural amenities differentiated by climate, water area, and topography to explain spatial variation in labor and built space markets. Results show that temperate summers and water area increase wages and housing prices and explain more than 30 percent of the spatial differences in wages, housing price, employment density, built space percent, human capital, and local road density. Protected area decreases wages, but, if open access, increase housing prices and human capital and explain more than 20 percent of the spatial differences in human capital, built space percent, and local road density.
Beyond the consultation room: Proposals to approach health promotion in primary care according to health‐care users, key community informants and primary care centre workers
Authors: Berenguera Anna , Pons‐Vigués Mariona , Moreno‐Peral Patricia , March Sebastià , Ripoll Joana , Rubio‐Valera Maria , Pombo‐Ramos Haizea , Asensio‐Martínez Angela , Bolaños‐Gallardo Eva , Martínez‐Carazo Catalina , Maderuelo‐Fernández José Ángel , Martínez‐Andrés Maria , Pujol‐Ribera Enriqueta 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrimary health care (PHC) is the ideal setting to provide integrated services centred on the person and to implement health promotion (HP) activities.ObjectiveTo identify proposals to approach HP in the context of primary care according to health‐care users aged 45‐75 years, key community informants and primary care centre (PCC) workers.MethodsDescriptive‐interpretive qualitative research with 276 participants from 14 PCC of seven Spanish regions. A theoretical sampling was used for selection. A total of 25 discussion groups, two triangular groups and 30 semi‐structured interviews were carried out. A thematic interpretive contents analysis was carried out.ResultsParticipants consider that HP is not solely a matter for the health sector and they emphasize intersectoral collaboration. They believe that it is important to strengthen community initiatives and to create a healthy social environment that encourages greater responsibility and participation of health‐care users in decisions regarding their own health and better management of public services and resources. HP, care in the community and demedicalization should be priorities for PHC. Participants propose organizational changes in the PCC to improve HP. PCC workers are aware that HP falls within the scope of their responsibilities and propose to increase their training, motivation, competences and knowledge of the social environment. Informants emphasize that HP should be person‐centred approach and empathic communication. HP activities should be appealing, ludic and of proven effectiveness.ConclusionsAccording to a socio‐ecological and intersectoral model, PHC services must get actively involved in HP together with community and through outreach interventions.
Influence of maternal psychological traits on sleep bruxism in children
Authors: Goettems Marilia Leão , Poletto‐Neto Victorio , Shqair Ayah Qassem , Pinheiro Ricardo Tavares , Demarco Flavio Fernando 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundSleep bruxism (SB) is a sleep disorder with high incidence in toddlers and may perpetuate to adulthood. The multifactorial etiology of bruxism includes pathophysiologic and psychological factors.AimTo investigate the relationship between depression, stressful events, and the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression with SB in children of adolescent mothers.DesignThis cross‐sectional study nested in a cohort evaluated a sample of 536 mothers and their children aged 24–36 months. Interviews were conducted with mothers. Maternal report of SB was collected. Mother's major depressive disorder was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI Plus); Life Events Scale assessed the stressful events; Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory investigated the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Poisson regression analysis was applied to assess the association of maternal psychological disorders and stressful events with SB on children.ResultsPrevalence of SB was 25.93% (95% CI 22.2–29.7). After adjustments, maternal major depression disorder [PR 1.43 (95% CI 1.06–1.92)] and the presence of stressful events mainly environmental changes [PR 1.47 (95% CI 1.08–2.00)] showed significant association with bruxism in children.ConclusionThis study showed a positive association between mother's psychological traits and SB development in their toddlers.
Health knowledge and the impact of social exclusion on young people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Pownall Jaycee , Wilson Sarah , Jahoda Andrew 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundCognitive impairments are often assumed to underlie individuals’ difficulties with understanding health issues. However, it was predicted that socially excluded individuals would have greater difficulty gaining understanding of sensitive topics related to sexuality than other public health messages, such as alcohol use.MethodThe health knowledge of 31 typically developing young people, 29 young people with mild intellectual disabilities (ID) and 23 participants with physical disabilities but no cognitive impairments was compared.ResultsThe largest group differences were related to more private and personal health issues, such as pregnancy/contraception. Both groups of young people with disabilities had less knowledge of pregnancy/contraception than their non‐disabled peers. Thus, deficits in this sexual knowledge did not just appear to be the result of cognitive deficits.ConclusionsThe findings suggest social exclusion may contribute to young people with intellectual disabilities’ poorer knowledge of pregnancy and contraception. The results have implications for interventions.
Efficacy of trapping systems for monitoring of Afrotropical fruit flies
Authors: Manrakhan A. , Daneel J.‐H. , Beck R. , Virgilio M. , Meganck K. , De Meyer M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe efficacy of different attractant trap combinations for monitoring of Afrotropical fruit flies was evaluated in commercial fruit production areas and natural areas in the northern parts of South Africa. Five food‐based attractants: three‐component Biolure, a combination of ammonium acetate and trimethylamine, a combination of ammonium acetate and putrescine, torula yeast and Questlure, were evaluated in McPhail‐type traps. Two male lures targeting Ceratitis species: EGO Pherolure and trimedlure, were evaluated in Sensus bucket traps. Three male lures targeting Dacine fruit flies: methyl eugenol, cue lure and zingerone, were evaluated in Moroccan bucket traps. The three‐component Biolure was among the most effective food‐based attractant for females of Ceratitis capitata, C. rosa (R1 and R2), C. cosyra and Bactrocera dorsalis. EGO Pherolure attracted a wider range of Ceratitis species than trimedlure but was equally as effective as trimedlure for males of C. capitata and C. rosa (R1 and R2). Dacine flies were specific in their responses to male lures. Bactrocera dorsalis males responded mainly to methyl eugenol. Males of Dacus species responded to either cue lure or zingerone. Zingerone attracted two cucurbit‐infesting Dacus species: D. frontalis and D. durbanensis. For B. dorsalis, C. capitata and C. cosyra in commercial fruit production areas, patterns of female catches in traps containing food‐based attractants were different to patterns of male catches in male lure‐based traps. Implications of these trapping results are discussed.
Improving causal inference with a doubly robust estimator that combines propensity score stratification and weighting
Authors: Linden Ariel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesWhen a randomized controlled trial is not feasible, health researchers typically use observational data and rely on statistical methods to adjust for confounding when estimating treatment effects. These methods generally fall into 3 categories: (1) estimators based on a model for the outcome using conventional regression adjustment; (2) weighted estimators based on the propensity score (ie, a model for the treatment assignment); and (3) “doubly robust” (DR) estimators that model both the outcome and propensity score within the same framework. In this paper, we introduce a new DR estimator that utilizes marginal mean weighting through stratification (MMWS) as the basis for weighted adjustment. This estimator may prove more accurate than treatment effect estimators because MMWS has been shown to be more accurate than other models when the propensity score is misspecified. We therefore compare the performance of this new estimator to other commonly used treatment effects estimators.MethodMonte Carlo simulation is used to compare the DR‐MMWS estimator to regression adjustment, 2 weighted estimators based on the propensity score and 2 other DR methods. To assess performance under varied conditions, we vary the level of misspecification of the propensity score model as well as misspecify the outcome model.ResultsOverall, DR estimators generally outperform methods that model one or the other components (eg, propensity score or outcome). The DR‐MMWS estimator outperforms all other estimators when both the propensity score and outcome models are misspecified and performs equally as well as other DR estimators when only the propensity score is misspecified.ConclusionsHealth researchers should consider using DR‐MMWS as the principal evaluation strategy in observational studies, as this estimator appears to outperform other estimators in its class.
The use of smartphone health apps and other mobile health (mHealth) technologies in dietetic practice: a three country study
Authors: Chen J. , Lieffers J. , Bauman A. , Hanning R. , Allman‐Farinelli M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundSmartphone health applications (apps) and other mobile health (mHealth) technologies may assist dietitians in improving the efficiency of patient care. The present study investigated the use of health apps and text messaging in dietetic practice and formulated intervention recommendations for supporting app uptake by dietitians based on the behavioural ‘COM‐B’ system, where interactions between capability, opportunity and motivation influence behaviour.MethodsA 52‐item online survey tool, taking 20 min to complete, was developed and piloted, with questions exploring the use of health apps and text messaging in dietetic practice, types of apps dietitians recommended and that patients used, and barriers and enablers to app use in dietetic practice. The Australian, New Zealand and British dietetic associations distributed the survey to their members.ResultsA 5% response rate was achieved internationally, with 570 completed responses included for further analysis. Health apps, namely nutrition apps, were used by 62% of dietitians in their practice, primarily as an information resource (74%) and for patient self‐monitoring (60%). The top two nutrition apps recommended were MyFitnessPal® (62%) and the Monash University Low FODMAP Diet® (44%). Text messaging was used by 51% of respondents, mainly for appointment‐related purposes (84%).ConclusionsAlthough the reported use of smartphone health apps in dietetic practice is high, health apps and other mHealth technologies are not currently being used for behaviour change, nor are they an integral part of the nutrition care process. Dietetic associations should provide training, education and advocacy to enable the profession to more effectively engage with and implement apps into their practice.
Intestinal smooth muscle is required for patterning the enteric nervous system
Authors: Graham Hannah K. , Maina Ivy , Goldstein Allan M. , Nagy Nandor 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and intestinal smooth muscle occurs in a spatially and temporally correlated manner, but how they influence each other is unknown. In the developing mid‐gut of the chick embryo, we find that α‐smooth muscle actin expression, indicating early muscle differentiation, occurs after the arrival of migrating enteric neural crest‐derived cells (ENCCs). In contrast, hindgut smooth muscle develops prior to ENCC arrival. Smooth muscle development is normal in experimentally aganglionic hindguts, suggesting that proper development and patterning of the muscle layers does not rely on the ENS. However, inhibiting early smooth muscle development severely disrupts ENS patterning without affecting ENCC proliferation or apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that early intestinal smooth muscle differentiation is required for patterning the developing ENS.
The Crisis Sequence: The Case of Secessionism in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama
Authors: de Leon Cedric 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPrevailing scholarly approaches to the U.S. Secession Crisis suggest that the crisis reflected either the interests of slaveowners or mounting socioeconomic pressure in the electorate. Both arguments suffer from empirical and analytical challenges, chief among these being that the southern Whig Party and its planter base actively resisted secession until the early 1850s. Why did the largest slaveowners oppose disunion only to fold by 1861? Drawing on beat‐level electoral returns, newspapers, and private correspondence from antebellum Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, I argue that the answer lies in conceiving of the prelude to secession as a “crisis sequence,” so named because it precipitates crises of hegemony, when no one political actor possesses the mass consent to rule and once salient social cleavages cease to resonate. Such sequences destabilize the relationship between parties and their constituents and allow political allegiances to swing wildly from one party to the next, giving such sequences their nonlinear character.
CAD/CAM‐Assisted Auricular Prosthesis Fabrication for a Quick, Precise, and More Retentive Outcome: A Clinical Report
Authors: Yadav Sushma , Narayan Aparna Ichangod , Choudhry Archit , Balakrishnan Dhanasekar 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAuricular defects comprise a large proportion of maxillofacial deformities. Most patients with acquired deformities have psychosocial ineptness and seek cosmetic rehabilitation. Although minor defects can be corrected surgically, extensive deformities are difficult to reconstruct with plastic surgery. Contrary to that, prosthetic restoration can provide excellent esthetic results. The conventional methods of maxillofacial prosthesis fabrication are time consuming and the outcome depends on the technician's skill. The advent of CAD/CAM technology in the field of dentistry has brought enormous improvement in the quality of health care provided. In the past decade, several methods have been described employing CAD/CAM techniques for the cosmetic rehabilitation of auricular defects. This clinical report details the integration of multiple digital technologies of CT scanning, computer aided design, and rapid prototyping to construct an ear prosthesis with limited number of appointments.
Variation in Aggressiveness Components in theHemileia vastatrixPopulation in Brazil
Authors: Maia Thiago , Badel Jorge Luis , Fernandes Michelle Bayer , Bragança Carlos Augusto Dórea , Mizubuti Eduardo Seiti Gomide , Brommonschenkel Sérgio Hermínio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Pucciniomycete fungusHemileia vastatrixcauses leaf rust on coffee trees. The pathogen is responsible for considerable yield losses in susceptible coffee cultivars if appropriate management strategies are not implemented. Rapid spread and epidemics of rust fungi are usually associated with the emergence of new races of the pathogen that overcome resistance or with the emergence of more aggressive populations of the pathogen. In Brazil, coffee production is dominated by susceptible cultivars ofCoffea arabicaandCoffea canephora. We assessed aggressiveness in 46 populations ofH. vastatrixfrom Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, two of the most important coffee‐producing states in Brazil. We observed a significant difference in the incubation period between the populations from Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo when 183 single‐pustule isolates were inoculated onto Catuaí VermelhoIAC44, a susceptibleC. arabicacultivar. Variation in aggressiveness components was observed between and within localities. Isolates with longer incubation periods also tended to have longer latent periods, although there was only a low correlation between these two aggressiveness components (r2 = 0.34, P = 2.2 × 10−16). Low‐sporulating isolates also had significantly longer incubation and latent periods. TheH. vastatrixpopulation from Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo is structured by the formation of groups of individuals with differential level of aggressiveness. Our results indicate that the variation in aggressiveness of the BrazilianH. vastatrixpopulation may be associated with the geographic coffee‐producing areas.
Melatonin prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes neuroprotection by inducing autophagy during oxaliplatin‐evoked peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Areti Aparna , Komirishetty Prashanth , Akuthota Manasaveena , Malik Rayaz A. , Kumar Ashutosh 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOxaliplatin, an organoplatinum compound, is used in the treatment of colorectal cancer, but its clinical use can be limited due to the development of peripheral neuropathy. Whilst mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated as a major pathomechanism for oxaliplatin‐induced neurotoxicity, the prevention of autophagy may also aggravate neuronal cell death. Melatonin, a well‐known mitoprotectant and autophagy inducer, was used to examine its neuroprotective role in oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN). Melatonin prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm) and promoted neuritogenesis in oxaliplatin‐challenged neuro‐2a cells. It did not interfere with the cytotoxic activity of oxaliplatin in human colon cancer cell line, HT‐29. Melatonin treatment significantly alleviated oxaliplatin‐induced pain behavior and neuropathic deficits in rats. It also ameliorated nitro‐oxidative stress mediated by oxaliplatin, thus prevented nitrosylation of proteins and loss of antioxidant enzymes, and therefore, it improved mitochondrial electron transport chain function and maintained cellular bioenergetics by improving the ATP levels. The protective effects of melatonin were attributed to preventing oxaliplatin‐induced neuronal apoptosis by increasing the autophagy pathway (via LC3A/3B) in peripheral nerves and dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Hence, it preserved the epidermal nerve fiber density in oxaliplatin‐induced neuropathic rats. Taken together, we provide detailed molecular mechanisms for the neuroprotective effect of melatonin and suggest it has translational potential for oxaliplatin‐induced neuropathy.