bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Comfort Scale for Injection
Authors: Yıldız Güzel Nur , Gök Meltem Şirin , Çiftçi Bahar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients’ comfort level during the injection procedure affects the quality of care. However, the literature does not provide a valid, reliable, and specific measurement tool to measure this level.
Objective
The present study aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine patients’ comfort levels during the injection procedure.
Method
The study was designed methodologically. The study data were collected at two Hospitals. The sample consisted of 102 patients in the pilot application stage and 186 patients in the main application stage. The study’s data collection tools were the “Personal Information Form,” “VAS for Comfort,” and the “Comfort Scale for Injection” draft. The obtained data were used for validity and reliability analyses.
Results
The scale consisted of 10 items and two sub-dimensions: “Comfort during the Injection Procedure” and “Environmental Comfort.” The “VAS for Comfort” and the scale and its sub-dimensions showed a positive correlation. The Cronbach Alpha Value of the entire scale was found to be 0.899.
Conclusion
The data showed that the “Comfort Scale for Injection” is an adequate, valid, and reliable measurement tool for determining patients’ comfort level during the injection procedure. Measuring patients’ comfort levels during injection at regular intervals is recommended, as new studies are planned to increase injection comfort and adapt the “Comfort Scale for Injection” for different languages and cultures.
Clinical trial number:
not applicable.
Impact of Coronary Revascularization on Coronary Flow Capacity Measured by Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Ueno Hiroki , Usui Eisuke , Hoshino Masahiro , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Hada Masahiro , Nagamine Tatsuhiro , Hanyu Yoshihiro , Nogami Kai , Setoguchi Mirei , Sayama Kodai , Tahara Tomohiro , Matsuda Kazuki , Sai Rika , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Shimosato Hikaru , Watanabe Takahiro , Mineo Takashi , Yonetsu Taishi , Sasano Tetsuo , Kakuta Tsunekazu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Coronary flow capacity (CFC) integrates quantitative assessment of hyperemic myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve. We aimed to evaluate the effect of elective percutaneous coronary revascularization (PCI) on CFC using serial stress transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (STDE).
Methods
Overall, 148 stable patients underwent STDE of the left anterior descending arteries (LAD), before and after elective PCI. Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) was measured using basal and hyperemic diastolic peak velocity (hDPV). Vessels were classified into four CFC categories: severely, moderately, or mildly reduced CFC, and normal flow. Changes in hDPV and CFC status post-PCI, as well as predictors of hDPV increase, were assessed.
Results
Despite improvements in fractional flow reserve (FFR) in all cases, 31 cases (20.9%) showed a decrease in hDPV following PCI. Vessels with ischemic CFC, defined as moderately or severely reduced CFC, decreased from 46.6% (69/148) to 19.6% (29/148) post-PCI. Conversely, CFC worsened in 15.5% of patients. Multivariable analysis showed lower pre-PCI hDPV and ischemic CFC were independently predictive of higher-level (> 50%) hDPV increase after PCI.
Conclusions
Approximately 20% of FFR-guided LAD PCI resulted in decreased hDPV. CFC deterioration was not uncommon despite FFR improvement. Preprocedural non-invasive STDE may help identify lesions that benefit from revascularization.
Tackling “Small” Breast Cancer in Ultrasonography: What Are They and Why Does Screening Them Help?
Authors: WANG YING , Liu Danru , Xu Ping , Fu Lina , Ding Hong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background The study defined a group of “small” breast cancer (BC) detected at ultrasonography (US) and investigated the pathological nature of these small BC. We also explored factors associated with their recurrence and metastasis. Supplementary diagnosis with mammography was also considered.
Methods This retrospective study included 491 BC patients pathologically confirmed with tumor size ≤ 10mm on US from January 2012 to December 2023; the study was approved by the institutional review board. We used chi-squared and unpaired independent t-tests to compare carcinoma in situ, including microinvasion (CIS) and invasive carcinoma regarding clinic, pathologic, US, and mammography characteristics. The characteristics associated with recurrence and metastasis were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.
Results The analysis of 491 patients found that: for CIS, those with calcification were likely to be diagnosed by mammography (P < 0.001); for invasive cancers, those with unclear margins, irregular shapes and more color flow were likely to be diagnosed by US (all P < 0.005). 409 (83.9%) of the 491 patients received US follow-up with a median of 46 months. 17 of the 409 patients (4.2%) experienced recurrences, metastasis, or both. Women aged 40 years or younger and patients with invasive ductal carcinoma had the highest hazard rates for recurrence and metastasis (all P < 0.046).
Conclusions For small BC, the sizes evaluated by US and pathology were partially in consistence. US diagnosis of invasive cancer had a relatively higher diagnostic rate, while mammography was advantageous in diagnosing CIS.
Novel Epitope-Based Diagnostic Probes Selected by Phage Display for the Serological Detection of HDV
Authors: Costa Mariana Araújo , de Souza Rayany Cristina , Roca Tárcio Peixoto , Araújo Adrhyan , de Souza Luiz Fellype Alves , Souza Rutilene Barbosa , Sabatini Rafaela , Andrade Bruno Silva , Soares Iara Pereira , Caixeta Douglas Carvalho , Guevara-Vega Marco , Lima Ildercílio Mota de Souza , Passos-Silva Ana Maísa , Martins Mario Machado , Rayashi Abel Dib , Matta Daniel Archimedes da , Vieira Deusilene , Goulart Luiz Ricardo , Sabino-Silva Robinson , Santos Fabiana de Almeida Araújo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

HDV is associated with the worst prognosis of viral hepatitis and there is a considerable lack of testing for HDV in patients. Phage display was used to select HDV mimetic peptides through biopanning, followed by DNA sequencing and phage-ELISA. Based on the sequences of the selected peptides, we constructed a recombinant protein (rHDV) for use in an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). We validated the test with 87 samples (anti-HDV+) and 93 HBV controls collected from a public diagnosis laboratory in the Amazon. HDV RNA detection and sequencing were performed, and statistical analysis was conducted to determine the reactivity of the peptides and protein. rHDV exhibits a sensitivity of 74.71%, a high specificity of 97.85%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8906. According to analyses of patients with active infection, the detection parameters improved, with a sensitivity of 88.0%, specificity of 98.92%, and AUC of 0.96. In this context, the application of rHDV in an ELISA was effective at discriminating patients with hepatitis D and monoinfected patients with hepatitis B, highlighting the potential use of another efficient, fast, portable, and inexpensive platform for HDV detection.
Gene Expression Study in Retinoblastoma Patients with Different Anaplasias and Lateralities
Authors: Li Wan , Xu Kang-Kang , Chen Fei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background To investigate the differences in gene expression and functional enrichment associated with anaplasia and laterality in retinoblastoma patients.Methods Two datasets were selected from the GEO database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information of the US, including chip data of gene expression in tumor tissue from 36 patients with retinoblastoma. After grouping by anaplasia or laterality, the data were reanalyzed with Student’s t test in R and Bioconductor software. The functional enrichment of genes significantly related to anaplasia and laterality was explored via GSEA.Results The functions of synapse assembly and synaptic signaling were enhanced in clinical patients with severe anaplasia, while the function of photoreceptors was reduced; abnormal conjugate eye movement and lipid metabolic processes were upregulated in unilateral patients.Conclusions Gene expression may be different in retinoblastoma patients with different anaplasias and lateralities. The consequential difference in gene functional pathways could be associated with clinical symptoms.
Association Between Gut Microbiota Composition and Emotional Distress in Breast Cancer Patients Pre- and Post-Surgery
Authors: Qiu Xiaoxi , Iqbal Muhammad Asad , Shaibu Zakari , Wei Xi , Wang Zhulin , Sui Danjuan , Qin Rong , Yin Liang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer affects millions globally, often leading to significant mental health challenges like depressive symptoms and anxiety (emotional distress). In breast cancer patients, the microbiota-gut-brain axis' effect on various psychosocial states is unclear.
Methods
A prospective, observational clinical study was conducted at Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital, recruiting breast cancer surgery candidates between March 10 and May 25, 2024. Participants provided informed consent and were assessed for demographic characteristics, Clinicopathological data, anxiety and depressive symptoms (emotional distress) using validated questionnaires (GAD-7 and PHQ-9). Preoperative and postoperative fecal samples were collected, processed and sequenced to analyze gut microbiota composition.
Results
The study included 20 breast cancer patients (average age 53.5 ± 5.7 years). Post-surgery, anxiety and depressive symptoms significantly increased, with moderate to severe anxiety rising from 10–80% and depressive symptoms from 5–70%. Higher education, palpable lumps, specific molecular subtypes, lymph node metastasis, and larger lump sizes were associated with increased depressive symptoms. Significant differences in gut microbiota beta diversity were observed between pre- and post-surgery, correlating with depressive symptoms. Seven genera showed significant abundance changes post-surgery, including decreases in Akkermansia and increases in Ligilactobacillus.
Conclusion
This study highlights the complex interplay between gut microbiota composition and depressive symptoms in breast cancer patients undergoing surgery. The findings emphasize the need to address mental health in cancer care and suggest a potential role for the gut microbiota in influencing emotional well-being. Further research could lead to personalized interventions targeting the gut-brain axis to improve outcomes for these patients.
Sucker rod straightness measurement method based on probability statistics of edge point detection
Authors: Zhu Li , Kang Yi_hua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Straightness is the basic measurement parameter in machining, and the traditional straightness measurement methods such as light gap method, table method, etc., have extremely low measurement efficiency and cannot achieve online real-time high-precision detection. Our research group has proposed a machine vision online detection based on 10 industrial camera arrays, which can obtain the surface profile straight line of the sucker rod by collecting the edge profile image of the sucker rod and performing morphological transformation. Compared with the traditional method, online nondestructive testing has good real-time performance and high accuracy, but due to the shortcomings of serious environmental pollution and strong noise in some industrial scenarios, the accuracy of the detected straight line is not high. This paper continues to discuss the straightness optimization design method, based on the probability t distribution of the data, reasonably select the sampled edge points, and remove the scene noise. Experiments show that, compared with the previous results, the straightness based on the probability and statistics method can strictly extract the contour sampling points with a confidence of 95%, and the accuracy is higher than that of the traditional Hough transform.
Shock caused by iodophor immersion irrigation of joint cavity : a case report
Authors: Amu Yida , Li Shihong , Zheng Xiaolong , Tang Yingchao , Liao Dongfa , Chen Song , Wang Wei , Xie Qingyun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Iodophor, as a disinfectant, is widely used for skin disinfection in surgical procedures. Because of its good disinfection and sterilization function, iodophor is used for joint cavity immersion irrigation in orthopedic joint replacement surgery to reduce the incidence of postoperative infection. Adverse reactions caused by the use of iodophor have been rarely reported, and anaphylaxis has been reported in individual cases when iodophor disinfects the skin. Shock reaction caused by iodophor soaking to irrigate the joint cavity was the first finding.
Case presentation: A 57-year-old female patient underwent right total hip arthroplasty under general anesthesia due to osteoarthritis secondary to bilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip . Patient had stable vital signs prior to iodophor soak irrigation of joint cavity during surgery. When iodophor was poured into the joint cavity for soaking and flushing after acetabular polishing during the operation, the patient experienced a rapid decrease in blood pressure, with the initial blood pressure of 94/56 mmHg. When the blood pressure rapidly decreased to 53/28 mmHg, vasopressors were given and iodophor was sucked out of the joint cavity and flushed with normal saline. After the blood pressure decreased to 40/20 mmHg, the patient stopped decreasing and gradually increased to normal.
Conclusions: When iodophor is poured into the joint cavity for soaking and irrigation, rare shock reactions with rapid decrease of blood pressure occur, which need to be paid enough attention and rescue measures should be prepared in advance.
Development and validation of novel machine learning-based prognostic models and propensity score matching for comparison of surgical approaches in mucinous breast cancer: a multicenter study
Authors: Chen Chunmei , Wu Jundong , Xu Bo , Li Weiwen , Zhong Chengming , Yan Zhibing , Zhong Qipeng , Li Ronggang , Shao Mingtao , Dong Yan , Fang Yutong , Li Yong , Zhang Qunchen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background Mucinous breast cancer (MBC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer with specific clinicopathologic and molecular features. Despite MBC patients generally having a favorable survival prognosis, there is a notable absence of clinically accurate predictive models. Methods 7553 patients diagnosed with MBC from the SEER database spanning 2010 to 2020 were included for analysis. Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify independent prognostic factors. Ten machine learning algorithms were utilized to develop prognostic models, which were further validated using MBC patients from two Chinese hospitals. Cox analysis and propensity score matching were applied to evaluate survival differences between MBC patients undergoing mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Results We determined that the XGBoost models were the optimal models for predicting overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in MBC patients with the most accurate performance (AUC = 0.833–0.948). Moreover, the XBGoost models still demonstrated robust performance in the external test set (AUC = 0.856–0.911). We also developed an interactive web application to facilitate the utilization of our models by clinicians or researchers. Patients treated with BCS exhibited superior OS compared to those undergoing mastectomy (p < 0.001, HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.47–0.77). However, no significant difference was observed in the risk of breast cancer-related mortality. Furthermore, we identified a significant improvement in OS for patients aged 66 or older, white, divorced, with a household income exceeding $40,000, of grade I, HR+/HER2-, with T1 and T2 tumors, and not receiving chemotherapy when treated with BCS. Conclusion We have successfully developed 6 optimal prognostic models utilizing the XGBoost algorithm to accurately predict the survival of MBC patients. The external validation confirmed the high generalizability of our models. Notably, we observed a significant improvement in OS for patients undergoing BCS.
Predictive factors affecting lymph node metastasis in patients of resectable pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms：a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Dong Jie , Du Jing , Cai Juan-juan , Li Tao , Chen Xue-yang , Chen You-wei , Wang Lei , Wu Wei-quan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) present great heterogeneity in biological behavior, histological characteristics and clinical manifestations. Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) is a non-invasive and easy to obtain indicator, which can reflect disease severity in multiple tumors. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) has a great impact on patient's surgical approach and prognosis. Predicting LNM before surgery has a guiding significance for clinical treatment.
AIM
We aimed to evaluate the predictive factors including MLR associated with LNM of patients with resectable pNEN in our center.
METHODS
A total of 64 patients who underwent pNEN resection and lymph nodes dissection in our hospital from July 2014 until June 2023 were included in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to identify predictive factors for LNM by analyzing clinical data, inflammatory markers, and pathological features.
RESULTS
Among the 64 patients, 15 (23.4%) patients were node positive. Univariate analysis showed that vascular invasion, peripheral nerve invasion, bilirubin level, tumor grade, tumor size and MLR (p<0.05 for all) were risk factor for LNM. Multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated that tumor size was the only independent risk factor for LNM in our research. Multivariate ROC analysis had better predictive performance than univariate analysis.
CONCLUSION
The preoperative MLR, vascular invasion, peripheral nerve invasion, bilirubin level, tumor grade and tumor size are potential predictors for LNM, especially during the initial diagnosis for resectable pNENs. Multivariate ROC analysis had better predictive performance than univariate analysis.
A comparison of frequentist and Bayesian approaches to the Personalised Randomised Controlled Trial (PRACTical) - Design and Analysis Considerations
Authors: Jackson Holly , Shou Yiyun , Azad Nur Amira Binte Mohamed , Chua Jing Wen , Perez Rebecca Lynn , Wang Xinru , de Kraker Marlieke E.A. , Mo Yin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Multiple treatment options frequently exist for a single medical condition with no single standard of care (SoC), rendering a classic randomised trial comparing a specific treatment to a control treatment infeasible. A novel design, the personalised randomised controlled trial (PRACTical), allows individualised randomisation lists and borrows information across patient subpopulations to rank treatments against each other without comparison to a SoC. We evaluated standard frequentist analysis with Bayesian analyses, and developed a novel performance measure, utilising the precision in treatment coefficient estimates, for treatment ranking.
Methods
We simulated trial data to compare four targeted antibiotic treatments for multidrug resistant bloodstream infections as an example. Four patient subgroups were simulated based on different combinations of patient and bacteria characteristics, which required four different randomisation lists with some overlapping treatments. The primary outcome was binary, using 60-day mortality. Treatment effects were derived using frequentist and Bayesian analytical approaches, with logistic multivariable regression. The performance measures were: probability of predicting the true best treatment, and novel proxy variables for power (probability of interval separation) and type I error (probability of incorrect interval separation). Several scenarios with varying treatment effects and sample sizes were compared.
Results
The Bayesian model using a strong informative prior, was the most likely to predict the true best treatment (\(\:{P}_{best}\ge\:80\%\)) and gave the largest probability of interval separation (reaching a maximum of \(\:{P}_{IS}=96\%\)), at a given sample size. Both Bayesian and frequentist methods had a low probability of incorrect interval separation (\(\:{P}_{IIS}<0.05\)), for all sample sizes (\(\:N=500-5000\)) in the null scenarios considered. The sample size required for probability of interval separation to reach 80% (\(\:N=1500-3000\)), was larger than the sample size required for the probability of predicting the true best treatment to reach 80% (\(\:N\le\:500\)).
Conclusions
Bayesian analysis performed better than frequentist approaches in terms of predicting the true best treatment. Utilising uncertainty intervals on the treatment coefficient estimates are highly conservative, limiting applicability to large pragmatic trials.
The utility of customised tissue probability maps and templates for patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12) study
Authors: Kanno Shigenori , Liu Junyan , Kawamura Ai , Ota Shoko , Kawakami Nobuko , Iseki Chifumi , Kakinuma Kazuo , Matsubara Shiho , Katsuse Kazuto , Sato Kazushi , Takeuchi Takashi , Tanaka Yoshitaka , Kodama Hiroyasu , Nagasaka Tatsuo , Sai Masahiro , Odagiri Hayato , Saito Mioko , Takanami Kentaro , Mugikura Shunji , Suzuki Kyoko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH) is one of the neuroradiological characteristics of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), which makes statistical analyses of brain images difficult. This study aimed to develop and validate methods of accurate brain segmentation and spatial normalisation in patients with DESH by using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12).
Methods
Two hundred ninety-eight iNPH patients with DESH and 25 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent cranial MRI were enrolled in this study. We selected the structural images of 260 patients to create customised tissue probability maps (TPMs) and diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated Lie algebra (DARTEL) templates for patients with DESH (DESH-TPM and DESH-Template). The remaining images of 38 patients were used to evaluate the validity of the DESH-TPM and DESH-Template. DESH-TPM and DESH-Template were created using the 114 well-segmented images after the segmentation processing of CAT12. In the validation study, we compared the accuracy of brain segmentation and spatial normalisation among three conditions: customised condition, applying DESH-TPM and DESH-Template to CAT12 and patients’ images; standard condition, applying the default setting of CAT12 to patients’ images; and reference condition, applying the default setting of CAT12 to HC images.
Results
In the validation study, we identified three error types during segmentation. 1) The proportions of misidentifying the dura and/or extradural structures as brain structures in the customised, standard, and reference conditions were 10.5%, 44.7%, and 13.6%, respectively; 2) the failure rates of white matter hypointensity (WMH) cancellation in the customised, standard, and reference conditions were 18.4%, 44.7%, and 0%, respectively; and 3) the proportions of CSF-image deficits in the customised, standard, and reference conditions were 97.4%, 84.2%, and 28%, respectively. The spatial normalisation accuracy of grey and white matter images in the customised condition was the highest among the three conditions, especially in terms of superior convexity.
Conclusions
Appling the combination of DESH-TPM and DESH-Template to CAT12 could improve the accuracy of grey and white matter segmentation and spatial normalisation in patients with DESH. However, this combination could not improve the CSF segmentation accuracy. Another approach is needed to overcome this challenge.