bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping Surficial Radium Content as a Partial Indicator of Radon Concentrations in US Houses
Authors: Revzan K.L. , Nero A.V. , Sextro R.G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In connection with the problem of indoor radon, we discuss the use of a database developed from the National Aerial Radiometric Reconnaissance in the development of a map of radium in soil for the contiguous 48 states. We examine the relationship between the results of measurements of radon in houses and the indications of the US map, noting that some, but by no means all, of the areas known to have elevated radon concentrations appear as areas of higher radium concentration than their surroundings and that there are other areas, in which measurements of high radon lavels have not been made, which are suggested as deserving of interest. We discuss mapping techniques for smaller areas and possible methods of dealing with apparent discrepancies between adjacent areas. We show that, on a national basis, as much as half the variation in radon from region to region may be accounted for by the level of radium in the soil, but that there are regions for which the radium concentration does not account for the relatively high observed radon.
Practical Radiation Protection Aspects of the ICRU 39 Quantities
Authors: Drexler G. , Regulla (INVITED) D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The justification for the new dose equivalent quantities is essentially based on metrological arguments. Desirable properties from the viewpoint of radiation protection have less weight in the ICRU proposal. Critical considerations are expressed on the usefulness of these new quantities in the system of optimisation and limitation of occupational exposures. Difficulties in the field of other exposure situations from external radiation are indicated.
The State of Solid State Dosimetry in the USSR
Authors: Tarbeyev (INVITED) Yu.V. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Three groups of problems are discussed: (1) the USSR system of national measurement standards (both primary and secondary) ensuring traceability and quality of measurements in TL dosimetry. (2) Research and design activities in the field of standards and calibration systems. (3) Schools and research groups in the TLD field. The current state of investigation in the field of solid state dosimetry and in the manufacturing techniques for some TLD detectors is discussed. Examples are given of investigations into, and applications of, the most commonly used detectors (LiF, CaSO4:Dy, CaF2:Mn, MgB4O7, Al2O3, RPL and compound and other detectors and dosemeters). Taking into account the peculiarity of the present time when the new units for the dose equivalent - H(0.07) and H(10) - are being introduced in the field of radiation protection, it is stressed that international cooperation is important for developing methods and instrumentation for TLD measurements, and for unifying and certifying the algorithms for testing and calibrating periodically TLD and RPL dosimetric systems. Such tests and calibrations are developed within the framework of international organisations such as ISO, IEC and IAEA, and for intercomparison programmes sponsored by BIPM, IAEA, EUROMET, etc.
Dependence of the TSEE of Beta Irradiated BeO Thin Film Detectors on the Properties of Surrounding Materials
Authors: Petel M. , Chartier J.L. , Itié C. , Kessler H. , Kriegseis W. , Scharmann A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The occupation of TSEE traps in the active surface region of BeO thin film detectors does not depend mainly on the interaction of the primary ionising radiation with the detector material, but is caused by low energy electrons which are generated outside the BeO layer. Therefore the properties of the environment surrounding the detector have a strong influence on the TSEE response. In order to optimise BeO thin film dosemeters for the measurement of Hs(0.07) in beta radiation fields the influence of these properties has been studied. The detectors were covered with foils of Hostaphan and Makrofol. For 90Sr+90Y the influence of scattering from surrounding materials of different composition and geometry has been tested.
Survey of the Characteristics of Furnaces Used in Italy for TLD Thermal Treatments
Authors: Scarpa G. , Caporali C. , Moscati M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
It is generally accepted that the annealing treatment parameters (temperature, time and cooling rate) strongly affect the dosimetric properties of TL detectors. A nationwide campaign is reported for collecting data about the thermal characteristics of the furnaces and ovens used in Italy for the annealing treatments of TLDs. Twenty two laboratories, mostly Health Physics Services, assisted with this campaign: 26 muffle furnaces used for high temperature cycles and 18 ovens used for low temperature treatments were studied. Almost all equipment was of types commercially available for general laboratory use, not specifically designed for TLD work. The temperature measurements were carried out by a set of chromel-alumel thermocouples, interfaced with a sensitive digital voltmeter. A number of parameters were investigated, such as temperature instability, temperature inaccuracy, heating time of TLDs, effects of a door opening and temperature gradients inside the furnace. The results show that the numerical values of these parameters, even though rather scattered, are generally quite high, with a marked negative influence on accuracy and reproducibility of annealing cycles. Some practical suggestions are given in order to reduce this negative influence.
The Via Nova-Via Sacra Archiac Site on Palatino Hill: First Thermoluminescence Archaeometric Results
Authors: Bacci C. , Bernardini P. , Furetta C. , Rispoli B. , Sanipoli C. , Scacco A. , Carafa P. , Carandini A. , Esposito A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The first collaboration work between the Physics Department of Rome University 'La Sapienza' and the Archaeological Studies Department of Pisa University is reported. In setting up the dating thermoluminescence system of the Physics Department, several samples from an excavation have been studied by the quartz inclusion technique.
CT Dosimetry Using a TL Technique
Authors: Pernicka F. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A cylindrical Perspex phantom was loaded with selected TL dosemeters and irradiated on different CT scanners. The TL tandem CaSO4 (Dy)-PTFE/LiF-PTFE was used to estimate effective energy in different points of the phantom. This was used to correct for energy dependence of the dosemeters. CT dose indexes (CTDI) were calculated from measured dose profiles. They were compared with CTDIs measured using an ionisation chamber.
Dosimetric Characterisation of Ethylene-Propylene Based Insulating Material
Authors: Onori S. , Baccaro S. , Caccia B. , D'Atanasio P. , Indovina P.L. , Pantaloni M. , Petetti E. , Viezzoli G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The behaviour of a co-polymer of ethylene and propylene (EPR) based insulating materials irradiated with a gamma ray source has been studied. One of the most relevant effects of the interaction of ionising radiation with polymers is the production of free radicals that can be detected with electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. In the present work samples were irradiated with a 60Co Gammacell source (absorbed dose rate _ 0.35 Gy.s-1) and measurements were performed with an X band spectrometer (Varian E112). All samples tested show a well defined ESR signal whose amplitude increases with time. The behaviour at room conditions and dose-effect relationships were investigated. The preliminary results obtained show that the ESR technique can be a useful tool for the quantitative investigation of free radical production and ageing studies in polymeric systems.
MgB4O7:Mn as a New TL Dosemeter
Authors: Prokic M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Thermoluminescent characteristics are presented of MgB4O7:Mn, a newly developed nearly tissue-equivalent phosphor, with a simple glow curve, high sensitivity, without fading over a few months, and attractive features for dosimetric application. The dosimetric properties of this TL material examined in this study include TL sensitivity, emission spectra long-term fading, photon dose response, dose threshold, re-usability and photon energy response.
In-House Quality Audit and Benefits of Some Quality Control Procedures in the Quality Assurance of TL Dosimetry System at NRPB
Authors: Dutt J.C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A number of Quality Control (QC) procedures have been introduced into the running and operation of the NRPB personal monitoring services. These described here apply to the whole-body TL dosimetry system. These QC procedures comprise Quality Assurance (QA) of incoming raw materials and equipment, reader stabilisation, daily routine and periodic QA checks on all phases of the service. In-house quality audit, periodic internal and external 'blind QA checks' on the dosimetry system as a whole have assured the continuing high quality and reliability of the NRPB TL dosimetry service for assessing body and skin doses of radiation workers from external photon and beta radiations.
Investigation of Frosty and Shiny Quartz Separates: Relevance to the Inclusion Dating
Authors: Benkö L. , Bognár-Kutzián I. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
An extensive project has been initiated with the aim of dating a number of prehistoric archaeological sites in the Carpathian Basin. The methodology is based on the quartz inclusion technique. After pre-heating, the quartz fraction of 100 to 125 µm is heated in a photon counting apparatus. To determine the paleodose, plateau test, supralinearity correction and checks for radon escape and for saturation water content of the pottery are performed. CaSO4:Dy TL phosphor serves to assess the components of the annual dose. In the case of the samples containing predominantly 'frosty' quartz grains, an extra gentle grinding is applied. This procedure, by reducing the proportion of the grains exhibiting undesired TL properties, improves the sample-to-sample reproducibility of the TL response and results in archaeologically acceptable ages.
An Intercomparison of Bare and CUP Type Radon Monitors
Authors: Azimi-Garakani D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The performance characteristics of two types of passive radon monitors were studied by exposing them in the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) radon chamber. The monitors were bare LR-115 and Karlsruhe cup type radon samplers. The exposures were performed at 20 oC and relative humidity of 50% for three different radon levels of approximately 40, 450 and 900 kBq.h.m-3, respectively. At low exposures, the agreement between the radon concentrations measured by these two monitors with those of the Lucas cell of the chamber monitoring system is to within the statistical error of about ±20%. For the higher radon exposure of 900 kBq.h.m-3, the results of the cup type and bare monitors show a decrease of ~15% and ~37%, respectively, compared with the concentrations measured by the Lucas cell. The results of the experiment carried out at 20 oC and a relative humidity of 90% with the radon exposure level of ~450 kBq.h.m-3 showed no appreciable decrease in the measured radon concentrations by the bare and cup type monitors.
The Swedish Radon Programme: Thirteen Years of Experience and Suggestions for Future Strategy
Authors: Swedjemark G.A. , Åkerblom (INVITED) G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Swedish radon programme has been working for thirteen years. The municipalities and others have measured radon in 240,000 dwellings and other buildings, mostly schools and day nurseries. About 5.7% of the total of 4.04 million dwellings in Sweden have been measured. About 16% of the dwellings expected to have a higher radon concentration than the limit, 400 Bq.m-3, have been located: 40% of these have been mitigated. The Swedish Radiation Protection Institute has suggested a new ten year radon programme to the government. This was motivated by more reliable data on radon risks, Swedish studies finished in 1993, and the experience in the field.
Solving the Radon Problem in the UK: The Role of Environmental Health Officers
Authors: Jones M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A major duty of local authorities in the UK is to the wellbeing of local communities. Much of this work is implemented through the Environmental Health Officers. Following a chance finding of radon during a national survey organised by the Institution of Environmental Health Officers, local authorities in the country of Northamptonshire cooperated to identify the extent of the problem and the cause, and to advise impartially on remedial measures. As the level of government closest to the people, local authorities in the county have been able to inform the people and advance the programme more speedily than if left to central government.
Single Crystal LiF Thermoluminescence Dosemeters
Authors: Niwa T. , Morishima H. , Koga T. , Kawai H. , Nishiwaki Y. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Commercial Thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLDs) currently used are finely powdered lithium fluoride (LiF), calcium sulphate or magnesium silicate etc. sealed in glass tubes or those melted with special resins. These are opaque or semi-transparent and therefore thermoluminescence light emitted inside does not come out efficiently due to the self-absorption. To avoid the self-absorption LiF single crystals have been examined. A cylindrical graphite crucible including LiF mixed with trace amounts of magnesium, copper and phosphorus was heated in a vacuum stainless tube with a slowly moving heater coil along the axis. The LiF single crystal grew gradually from the bottom tip of the crucible. Thermoluminescence emitted from a LiF single crystal after irradiation with ? rays increased as phosphorus in the LiF crystal increased. Thermoluminescence emitted from a single crystal with 0.25 mole percent phosphorus was one order higher than that emitted from powdered LiF with the same mole percent phosphorus and the same weight. A single crystal could not grow with phosphorus of more than 0.25 mole percent. However, lithium phosphate appears to be a better activator material than the ammonium phosphate used in our experiments to overcome this 0.25 mole percent barrier.
Thermoluminescence Characteristics of KCI
Authors: Gunther R.E. , Stoebe T.G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Individual crystals of high purity potassium chloride were irradiated with 137Cs gamma rays. After irradiation, the thermoluminescence properties were investigated from ambient room temperature to 400 oC. Four main thermoluminescence peaks were found with fading half-lives ranging from seconds to weeks.
Dose Distribution Measurements of Cosmic Radiation in CaSO4:Dy-Teflon Rods
Authors: Szabo P.P. , Fehér I. , Akatov Yu.A. , Lancsarics Gy. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this paper details are given of an experiment in space where CaSO4:Dy-Teflon rods were irradiated on the outer surface of an unmanned spacecraft rotating around the Earth. The exposure in space took six days. The dose distribution inside the CaSO4:Dy-Teflon rods was established by using ultra-thin CaSO4:Dy-Teflon discs cut from the rods, and evaluating them on a microcomputerised TLD system. The absorbed dose distribution shows that a large dose component originates from the soft radiation of the cosmic rays, i.e. from low energy protons, alpha and beta particles, since the dose attenuation is quite large in the first few millimetres in the CaSO4:Dy-Teflon rods.
A Study of New Preparations of Radiothermoluminescent Lithium Borates with Various Activators
Authors: Lorrain S. , David J.P. , Visocekas R. , Marinello G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Samples of lithium borate activated either by transition elements or rare earths have been prepared by sintering and tested. Copper was selected as being the best activator for use in radioprotection and radiotherapy. For optimisation of TL sensitivity, preparation parameters were systematically varied: choice of commercial borate used, content of copper, granularity, density, temperature and duration of annealing. The distribution of the copper in the final microcrystal was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. A proper procedure was determined, resulting in reproducibility of readings from sample to sample within a few per cent. The response relative to the energy of X rays, gamma rays, and electron beams up to 20 MeV, is in agreement with calculations. The response relative to dose is free from supralinearity up to 120 Gy. The emission spectrum, lying mostly in the near UV, due to the copper is the same whatever the temperature and the content of copper. The main stable dosimetric glow peaks have been studied by various methods: fractional glow, isothermal decay, changes in heating rate, computer curve fitting. They have almost first order kinetics, with similar activation energies around 1.45 eV. The various effects of light, ranging from excitation to bleaching of TL, were also investigated.
Photo-Induced Thermoluminescence of X-Irradiated Alpha-Al2O3 Dosimetric Properties
Authors: Iacconi P. , Lapraz D. , Keller P. , Portal G. , Barthe J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The dosimetric properties of TL peaks obtained with a-Al2O3 at 113 and 238K by a photo-induced procedure are described. It is seen that the TL response is linear for X ray air kerma from 0.02 to 30 Gy. The phenomenon involved occurs for UV wavelengths between 250 and 450 nm. The samples must be protected from the ambient light to prevent optical fading.
A Coaxial Double Cylindrical TEPC for the Microdosimetry of Selected Neutron Energy Bands in Mixed Fields of Fast Neutrons
Authors: Saion E.B. , Watt D.E. , East B.W. , Colautti P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A new low pressure tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) in a co axial double cylindrical form has been developed to measure separately the microdose spectrum from any desired energy band of neutrons in the presence of mixed fields of faster neutrons, by selecting the thickness of the common TE dividing wall to be equivalent to the corresponding maximum proton ranges and by appropriate use of coincedence/anti-coincidence pulse arrangements. This thickness ensures charged particle equilibrium for the relevant neutron energy. Event spectra due to recoils generated by faster neutrons which interact with both the counters are removed completely by anti-coincidence techniques, thereby optimising the sensitivity of the inner microdosemeter to the event spectra of interest. The ability of this counter to discriminate in favour of events due to neutrons of energy &lt;850 keV was achieved in microdosimetric measurements from mixed fields of a nuclear reactor. Mean values of lineal energy and quality factor for neutrons of energy &lt;850 keV from a nuclear reactor were determined from the anti-coincidence spectrum. Good discrimination against ? ray induced events is also achieved for the spectrum recorded in the anti-coincidence mode. This is an advantageous feature for other applications and requires further investigation.
The KFA Counter: A Dosimetry System for Use in Radiation Protection
Authors: Schmitz Th. , Morstin K. , Olko P. , Booz J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The KFA counter, an area dose equivalent meter based on a low pressure tissue-equivalent proportional counter, was optimised with regard to its wall thickness to match H*(10) in the neutron energy range between thermal and 20 MeV. The measurements and calculations are summarised of the responses to monoenergetic neutrons and photons in terms of H*(10) and He(AP), the effective dose equivalent for anterior-posterior irradiation. Statistical precision as a function of neutron energy is also discussed. Measurements in unknown mixed neutron-gamma radiation fields near various work stations are presented.
Dosimetric Characteristics of Gamma-Neutron Detectors DTGN-2
Authors: Nepomnyachikh A.I. , Chernov V.G. , Rogalev B.I. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
DTGN-2 (7LiF:Mg,Ti) gamma-neutron detectors are prepared as monocrystal discs 10 mm across and 3 mm thick. Selective determination of gamma and neutron doses in mixed gamma-neutron fields with these detectors is based on the use of two peaks on the glow curve whose efficiencies have different dependence on the LET. The method based on this effect has been developed to separate the gamma and neutron doses. Dose dependence obtained after neutron irradiation is linear in the range of 10-3 - 50 Gy and the minimum measurable dose is 5x10-4 Gy. Neutron sensitivities, expressed as gamma Gy per Gy, are 0.6, 0.8 and 1.1 with mean energies 1.9, 4.5 and 14 MeV, respectively. The parameters obtained permit possible application of the detector in accident dosimetry.
Polysome-profiling in small tissue samples
Authors: Liang Shuo , Bellato Hermano , Lorent Julie , Lupinacci Fernanda , Van Hoef Vincent , Masvidal Laia , Hajj Glaucia , Larsson Ola 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPolysome-profiling is commonly used to study genome wide patterns of translational efficiency, i.e. the translatome. The standard approach for collecting efficiently translated polysome-associated RNA results in laborious extraction of RNA from a large volume spread across multiple fractions. This property makes polysome-profiling inconvenient for larger experimental designs or samples with low RNA amounts such as primary cells or frozen tissues. To address this we optimized a non-linear sucrose gradient which reproducibly enriches for mRNAs associated with >3 ribosomes in only one or two fractions, thereby reducing sample handling 5-10 fold. The technique can be applied to cells and frozen tissue samples from biobanks, and generates RNA with a quality reflecting the starting material. When coupled with smart-seq2, a single-cell RNA sequencing technique, translatomes from small tissue samples can be obtained. Translatomes acquired using optimized non-linear gradients are very similar to those obtained when applying linear gradients. Polysome-profiling using optimized nonlinear gradients in HCT-116 cells with or without p53 identified a translatome associated with p53 status under serum starvation. Thus, here we present a polysome-profiling technique applicable to larger studies, primary cells where RNA amount is low and frozen tissue samples.
Emotional intelligence competencies in engineer’s effectiveness and engagement
Authors: Boyatzis Richard , Rochford Kylie , Cavanagh Kevin V. 
Published: February 2017

PurposeLittle research has explored the importance of interpersonal skills, and more specifically, emotional and social intelligence (ESI) competencies for an engineer’s effectiveness or engagement. Furthermore, to the knowledge, no studies have explored the explanatory power of ESI over and above general mental ability and personality for engineers. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachIn this study the authors gathered multi-source data for 40 engineers in a multi-national manufacturing company.FindingsThe authors found that ESI as observed by their peers significantly predicted engineer effectiveness (ΔR2=0.313), while general mental ability (g) and personality did not. In the same study, an engineer’s engagement in their work was significantly predicted by the degree of shared vision within their teams, whileg, personality and ESI did not predict engagement.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors explore the implications of the findings for corporate training and development, undergraduate education, and graduate education of engineers.Originality/valueThe authors draw on 30 years of longitudinal studies showing ESI and quality of relationships can be significantly improved with the appropriate pedagogy emphasizing the building of one’s vision, developmental approaches to ESI, developing a shared vision with others, and inspirational coaching.