bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participants’ Perspectives on Diabetes Self-Management Programming at Church: Faith-Placed Versus Faith-Based Approach
Authors: Wilmoth Summer , Wilhite Bradley , Highwood Kimberly , Palacios Christine , Carrillo-McCracken Leah , Parra-Medina Deborah , Sosa Erica , He Meizi 
Published: October 2024

Purpose The purpose of the study was to explore Hispanic adults’ experiences participating in the Building a Healthy Temple diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) cluster randomized trial and collect their insights on intervention approach, delivery, content, impact, and suggested improvements for future DSMES programs delivered at church. Methods Focus groups were conducted with participants from both intervention arms, that is, faith-based (FB) group and faith-placed group. Participating churches were predominantly Hispanic and located in San Antonio, Texas. Focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Inductive content analysis was performed with the assistance of NVivo software to code and categorize emerging themes. Results A total of 138 adult participants took part in the current study. Participants in both groups highly valued the church setting for its convenient location and support system and reported positive changes in diabetes-related beliefs, knowledge, skills, behaviors, and health outcomes. FB participants appreciated the incorporation of spiritual teachings and facilitation by lay leaders, which created a sense of empowerment and improved outlook on living with diabetes. Conclusions Church holds promise as a setting for DSMES program delivery in Hispanic communities. Church-based DSMES programs using a FB approach may further facilitate program adoption and sustainability.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): Independent Community Pharmacy Impact in Promoting Prevention Through Immunization
Authors: Vascimini Angelina , Deravi Maryam , Perez Gabrielle , Sanford Kathryn , Stockstill Madden , Finnegan Tina , Nabinger Richie , Tolle Theresa , Curtis Stacey 
Published: October 2024

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) typically results in mild cold-like symptoms; however, it can lead to severe complications and hospitalization in patients who are 60 years of age and older with long-term health conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess patient knowledge about RSV and to provide patients with information about the virus and the vaccination. Methods: A multisite cross-sectional pilot study was conducted from September 12, 2023, to March 11, 2024, in the independent community pharmacy setting. Included were all patients aged 60 years and older who consented to filling out the 14-question survey. Excluded were patients who declined to take the survey. Patients completed the survey either on paper or electronically, and the survey included initial consent, demographic information, past medical history, knowledge of RSV, consent to vaccine administration, and reasons for refusal, if applicable. At the end of the survey, patients could consent to vaccine administration onsite and were provided with an educational handout. Results: The primary outcome revealed that 78% of participants had not received any education from their healthcare provider about RSV. Additionally, 70% correctly identified ways RSV might spread, 60% reported knowing how to protect themselves, and 58% correctly indicated that a previous RSV infection does not provide immunity. As for the secondary outcomes, 63% of participants consented to receive the vaccine on the day of the survey. Conclusion: The study underscores the critical role of community pharmacies in healthcare delivery and the need for enhanced educational efforts to support vaccination programs.
Insights into trait-association of selection signatures and adaptive eQTL in indigenous African cattle
Authors: Friedrich Juliane , Liu Shuli , Fang Lingzhao , Prendergast James , Wiener Pamela 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
African cattle represent a unique resource of genetic diversity in response to adaptation to numerous environmental challenges. Characterising the genetic landscape of indigenous African cattle and identifying genomic regions and genes of functional importance can contribute to targeted breeding and tackle the loss of genetic diversity. However, pinpointing the adaptive variant and determining underlying functional mechanisms of adaptation remains challenging.

Results
In this study, we use selection signatures from whole-genome sequence data of eight indigenous African cattle breeds in combination with gene expression and quantitative trait loci (QTL) databases to characterise genomic targets of artificial selection and environmental adaptation and to identify the underlying functional candidate genes. In general, the trait-association analyses of selection signatures suggest the innate and adaptive immune system and production traits as important selection targets. For example, a large genomic region, with selection signatures identified for all breeds except N’Dama, was located on BTA27, including multiple defensin DEFB coding-genes. Out of 22 analysed tissues, genes under putative selection were significantly enriched for those overexpressed in adipose tissue, blood, lung, testis and uterus. Our results further suggest that cis-eQTL are themselves selection targets; for most tissues, we found a positive correlation between allele frequency differences and cis-eQTL effect size, suggesting that positive selection acts directly on regulatory variants.

Conclusions
By combining selection signatures with information on gene expression and QTL, we were able to reveal compelling candidate selection targets that did not stand out from selection signature results alone (e.g. GIMAP8 for tick resistance and NDUFS3 for heat adaptation). Insights from this study will help to inform breeding and maintain diversity of locally adapted, and hence important, breeds.
Spatial attention-based CSR-Unet framework for subdural and epidural hemorrhage segmentation and classification using CT images
Authors: S Nafees Ahmed , P Prakasam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Automatic diagnosis and brain hemorrhage segmentation in Computed Tomography (CT) may be helpful in assisting the neurosurgeon in developing treatment plans that improve the patient’s chances of survival. Because medical segmentation of images is important and performing operations manually is challenging, many automated algorithms have been developed for this purpose, primarily focusing on certain image modalities. Whenever a blood vessel bursts, a dangerous medical condition known as intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) occurs. For best results, quick action is required. That being said, identifying subdural (SDH) and epidural haemorrhages (EDH) is a difficult task in this field and calls for a new, more precise detection method.

Methods
This work uses a head CT scan to detect cerebral bleeding and distinguish between two types of dural hemorrhages using deep learning techniques. This paper proposes a rich segmentation approach to segment both SDH and EDH by enhancing segmentation efficiency with a better feature extraction procedure. This method incorporates Spatial attention- based CSR (convolution-SE-residual) Unet, for rich segmentation and precise feature extraction.

Results
According to the study’s findings, the CSR based Spatial network performs better than the other models, exhibiting impressive metrics for all assessed parameters with a mean dice coefficient of 0.970 and mean IoU of 0.718, while EDH and SDH dice scores are 0.983 and 0.969 respectively.

Conclusions
The CSR Spatial network experiment results show that it can perform well regarding dice coefficient. Furthermore, Spatial Unet based on CSR may effectively model the complicated in segmentations and rich feature extraction and improve the representation learning compared to alternative deep learning techniques, of illness and medical treatment, to enhance the meticulousness in predicting the fatality.
KiVa anti-bullying program: preventing and reducing bullying behavior among students – a scoping review
Authors: Hikmat Rohman , Suryani Suryani , Yosep Iyus , Jeharsae Rohani 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBullying is a serious problem among adolescents that often occurs in schools. The problem occurs because of the high level of bullying behavior. Bullying causes negative impacts such as anxiety, low self-esteem, and suicide risk. So that interventions are needed to prevent and reduce bullying behavior. The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness and implementation methods of the KiVa anti-bullying program for preventing and reducing bullying behavior for students. Scoping review design was used in this study using PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review search strategy. A scoping review of studies indexed in CINAHL, PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted. After duplicates were removed and articles screened, 11 studies were included in the review. Data analysis in this study used descriptive qualitative. The 11 included studies comprised of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies involving range of samples from 1051 to 23.520 respondents from elementary school to high school students aged 6–15 years. The KiVa Anti-bullying intervention was effective for reducing bullying behavior in students (p value < 0.05). This intervention involves teachers, government, students, and health workers to collaborate in building a bullying prevention system. The activities carried out are providing education, assertive and empathy training, role play, counseling, and games. The method in implementing the intervention is online and offline. This therapy can be optimized by providing special interventions to victims, perpetrators, and both. The provision of interventions also needs to be carried out and monitored regularly to prevent repeated bullying behavior in students. The development of online interventions is needed to prevent bullying in students so that it can reach students widely.
The show must go on: fostering residents’ sustainable employability in medical education – a qualitative exploration of the Resident Leadership Program
Authors: van de Voort Iris , Leistikow Ian , Weenink Jan-Willem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Residents’ sustainable employability (SE) is threatened by high burn-out rates, sleep deficits, and career dissatisfaction. Medical education may contribute to residents’ SE by providing them with opportunities to influence their employment contexts and to develop conscious self-regulation. This paper explores how residents, participating in the Resident Leadership Program (RLP), are enabled to work on, and learn about, their SE.

Methods
The RLP took place between February and July 2021 and consisted of lectures on, and practice in, quality improvement (QI) work. SE was the theme that governed residents’ QI projects. In this study, residents were interviewed individually before the program (n = 8), were observed while participating in the program (45 h) and were interviewed in three groups after the program (n = 8). The data were analysed in accordance with the ‘flexible-coding’ method.

Results
The findings are presented in four ‘acts’ mirroring an unfolding play as a metaphor to show how residents’ understanding of context, self-regulations, and quality improvement work—relevant to their SE—changed in the RLP. The acts include ‘setting the stage’, describing how residents experienced the context of medicine; ‘acting the part’, depicting how residents managed their employment contexts using self-regulation; ‘changing the décor’, elaborating on residents’ QI projects; and ‘growing one’s role’, presenting residents’ take-aways from participating in the RLP that may benefit their SE. These take-aways encompassed awareness of the importance of SE, a reconsideration and/or adjustment of self-regulation, feeling better equipped to navigate employment contexts, and increased joy in work because of contributing to peers’ SE through QI work.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that medical education is a fruitful environment for providing important lessons and tools for residents to work on and learn about their SE, likely benefiting their SE throughout their careers.
Brain-movement relationship during upper-limb functional movements in chronic post-stroke patients
Authors: Muller C. O. , Faity G. , Muthalib M. , Perrey S. , Dray G. , Xu B. , Froger J. , Mottet D. , Laffont I. , Delorme M. , Bakhti K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Following a stroke, brain activation reorganisation, movement compensatory strategies, motor performance and their evolution through rehabilitation are matters of importance for clinicians. Two non-invasive neuroimaging methods allow for recording task-related brain activation: functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (fEEG), respectively based on hemodynamic response and neuronal electrical activity. Their simultaneous measurement during movements could allow a better spatiotemporal mapping of brain activation, and when associated to kinematic parameters could unveil underlying mechanisms of functional upper limb (UL) recovery. This study aims to depict the motor cortical activity patterns using combined fNIRS-fEEG and their relationship to motor performance and strategies during UL functional tasks in chronic post-stroke patients.

Methods
Twenty-one healthy old adults and 21 chronic post-stroke patients were recruited and completed two standardised functional tasks of the UL: a paced-reaching task where they had to reach a target in front of them and a circular steering task where they had to displace a target using a hand-held stylus, as fast as possible inside a circular track projected on a computer screen. The activity of the bilateral motor cortices and motor performance were recorded simultaneously utilizing a fNIRS-fEEG and kinematics platform.

Results and conclusions
Kinematic analysis revealed that post-stroke patients performed worse in the circular steering task and used more trunk compensation in both tasks. Brain analysis of bilateral motor cortices revealed that stroke individuals over-activated during the paretic UL reaching task, which was associated with more trunk usage and a higher level of impairment (clinical scores). This work opens up avenues for using such combined methods to better track and understand brain-movement evolution through stroke rehabilitation.
Noval insights and therapeutic strategies for tumor-induced kidney pathologies
Authors: Wang Meng , Han Yong , Zhang Chao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent progress in elucidating the role of specific antidiuretic hormones in Drosophila models has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying tumor-induced renal dysfunction. Xu et al. identified the mammalian neurokinin 3 receptor (TACR3), a homolog of the G protein-coupled receptor TkR99D in fruit flies, as a potential therapeutic target for alleviating renal tubular dysfunction in mice with malignant neoplasms. Here, we commented on these findings by emphasizing the structural and evolutionary significance of TACR3 and provided an in-depth analysis of cell type specific expression of TACR3 in response to renal injury and expressional dynamics during renal carcinoma progression. The implications of these findings for transforming the therapeutic approaches to renal complications associated with oncological disorders were highlighted. We also acknowledged the limitations of current experimental models in this study and emphasized the necessary clinical validation in the future. These insights could contribute to the advancement of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for treating tumor-related renal pathologies.
Graphical Abstract
The impact of tau-PET in a selected memory clinic cohort: rationale and design of the TAP-TAU study
Authors: Vermeiren Marie R. , Somsen Joost , Luurtsema Gert , Reesink Fransje E. , Verwey Nicolaas A. , Hempenius Liesbeth , Tolboom Nelleke , Biessels Geert Jan , Biesbroek J. Matthijs , Vernooij Meike W. , Veldhuijzen van Zanten Sophie E. M. , Seelaar Harro , Coomans Emma M. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Lemstra Afina W. , van Harten Argonde C. , Visser Leonie N. C. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , van de Giessen Elsmarieke , Ossenkoppele Rik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Tau-PET is a diagnostic tool with high sensitivity and specificity for discriminating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia from other neurodegenerative disorders in well-controlled research environments. The role of tau-PET in real-world clinical practice, however, remains to be established. The aim of the TAP-TAU study is therefore to investigate the impact of tau-PET in clinical practice.

Methods
TAP-TAU is a prospective, longitudinal multi-center study in 300 patients (≥ 50 years old) with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia across five Dutch memory clinics. Patients are eligible if diagnostic certainty is < 85% after routine dementia screening and if the differential diagnosis includes AD. More specifically, we will include patients who (i) are suspected of having mixed pathology (e.g., AD and vascular pathology), (ii) have an atypical clinical presentation, and/or (iii) show conflicting or inconclusive outcomes on other tests (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging or cerebrospinal fluid). Participants will undergo a [18F]flortaucipir tau-PET scan, blood-based biomarker sampling, and fill out questionnaires on patient reported outcomes and experiences. The primary outcomes are change (pre- versus post- tau-PET) in diagnosis, diagnostic certainty, patient management and patient anxiety and uncertainty. Secondary outcome measures are head-to-head comparisons between tau-PET and less invasive and lower cost diagnostic tools such as novel blood-based biomarkers and artificial intelligence-based classifiers.

Results
TAP-TAU has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Amsterdam UMC. The first participant is expected to be included in October 2024.

Conclusions
In TAP-TAU, we will investigate the added clinical value of tau-PET in a real-world clinical setting, including memory clinic patients with diagnostic uncertainty after routine work-up. Findings of our study may contribute to recommendations regarding which patients would benefit most from assessment with tau-PET. This study is timely in the dawning era of disease modifying treatments as an accurate etiological diagnosis becomes increasingly important.

Trial registration
This trial is registered and authorized on December 21st, 2023 in EU Clinical Trials with registration number 2023-505430-10-00.
CRISPR/Cas9 technology for advancements in cancer immunotherapy: from uncovering regulatory mechanisms to therapeutic applications
Authors: Feng Xiaohang , Li Zhengxing , Liu Yuping , Chen Di , Zhou Zhuolong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn recent years, immunotherapy has developed rapidly as a new field of tumour therapy. However, the efficacy of tumour immunotherapy is not satisfactory due to the immune evasion mechanism of tumour cells, induction of immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME), and reduction of antigen delivery, etc. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology can accurately modify immune and tumour cells in tumours, and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy by targeting immune checkpoint molecules and immune regulatory genes, which has led to the great development and application. In current clinical trials, there are still many obstacles to the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in tumour immunotherapy, such as ensuring the accuracy and safety of gene editing, overcoming overreactive immune responses, and solving the challenges of in vivo drug delivery. Here we provide a systematic review on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in tumour therapy to address the above existing problems. We focus on CRISPR/Cas9 screening and identification of immunomodulatory genes, targeting of immune checkpoint molecules, manipulation of immunomodulators, enhancement of tumour-specific antigen presentation and modulation of immune cell function. Second, we also highlight preclinical studies of CRISPR/Cas9 in animal models and various delivery systems, and evaluate the efficacy and safety of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in tumour immunotherapy. Finally, potential synergistic approaches for combining CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown with other immunotherapies are presented. This study underscores the transformative potential of CRISPR/Cas9 to reshape the landscape of tumour immunotherapy and provide insights into novel therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
Teachers’ perception of their students’ dietary habits in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a qualitative study
Authors: Mekonnen Kifle Mekdes , Terragni Laura , Morseth Marianne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Poor dietary choices and consumption of unhealthy foods are major determinants of malnutrition among adolescents in Ethiopia. The school food environment is a valuable setting for exploring adolescents’ eating habits. Teachers have an important role in understanding factors that impact students’ dietary choices. The aim of this study is to explore secondary school teachers’ perceptions towards adolescents’ dietary habits in Ethiopia.

Methods
The study employed a qualitative research design. Four focus group discussions, involving a total of 13 teachers, were conducted at governmental and private schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Additionally, observations of the food environment in these four schools. The transcripts from the focus group discussions and photographs from observations were analyzed using thematic analysis. Triangulation of data sources and persistent observation of the data were employed to enhance the study’s trustworthiness. The study was approved by the Norwegian Center for Research Data and the Addis Ababa Health Bureau, and all participants provided informed consent.

Result
Teachers perceived adolescents’ dietary habits as unhealthy, characterized by the consumption of unsafe foods, limited variety, and reliance on processed foods. Factors negatively influencing adolescents’ dietary habits include a lack of awareness about a healthy diet among both students and parents. Low familial income levels were also identified as a barrier to eating a healthy diet. The unavailability of healthy foods and the advertising of unhealthy and processed foods as well as peer influence were hindrances to a healthy diet both at school and home.

Conclusion
This study provides additional evidence of the nutrition transition which is linked to the double burden of malnutrition among adolescents in low-income countries. Factors affecting adolescent diets at school are multileveled. Incorporating nutrition education into the school curriculum will likely improve dietary awareness mitigating peer influence. Regulating the school food environment and enforcing advertisement laws targeting adolescents can promote healthier school food environments. Providing short term nutrition trainings for biology or science teachers and strengthen their role in delivering nutrition education to children and their families, along with implementing measures to address food insecurity and restricting availability of unhealthy food at school need to be regarded as priorities.