bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Aluminum FSW Joints Using Ultrasonic Testing
Authors: Adamus K. , Lacki P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe paper concerns aluminum joints made using friction stir welding. Although in the aerospace industry there is a tendency to replace metal components with composites, aluminum continues to be a valuable material. Its share in the aircraft structures is the biggest among all structural metals. Lots of aluminum components are made of sheets and most of them require joining. Friction stir welding is a relatively new joining technology, particularly with regard to the sheets having a thickness of 1 mm or lower. The paper is dedicated to non-destructive testing of such joints using ultrasonic inspection. It was found that ultrasonic testing allows for distinguishing between joints without material discontinuities, joint with material discontinuities at the advancing side and joint with discontinuities extending through the whole width of the stir zone. During research only horizontally aligned defects were taken into account.
Composite Coatings of Chromium and Nanodiamond Particles on Steel
Authors: Gidikova N. , Sulowski M. , Petkov V. , Valov R. , Cempura G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChrome plating is used to improve the properties of metal surfaces like hardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance in machine building. To further improve these properties, an electrodeposited chromium coating on steel, modified with nanodiamond particles is proposed. The nanodiamond particles (average size 4 nm measured by TEM) are produced by detonation synthesis (NDDS). The composite coating (Cr+NDDS) has an increased thickness, about two times greater microhardness and finer micro-structure compared to that of unmodified chromium coating obtained under the same galvanization conditions. In the microstructure of specimen obtained from chrome electrolyte with concentration of NDDS 25 g/l or more, “minisections” with chromium shell were found. They were identified by metallographic microscope and X-ray analyser on etched section of chromium plated sample. The object of further research is the dependence of the presence of NDDS in the composite coating from the nanodiamond particles concentration in the chroming electrolyte.
Microstructural Evolution During Laser Surface Alloying of Ductile Cast Iron with Titanium
Authors: Janicki D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDiode laser surface alloying process was used to the in-situ synthesis of TiC-reinforced composite surface layers on the ductile cast iron substrate. The obtained composite surface layers were investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy, and XRD diffraction.It was found that the morphology and fraction of TiC phase is directly dependent upon both the concentration of titanium in the molten pool and also the solidification rate. With increasing titanium content, the fraction of TiC increases, whereas the fraction of cementite decreases. The TiC phase promotes a heterogeneous nucleation of primary austenite grains, what reduces a tendency of cracking in the alloyed layers.
Thermal Assessment of Modified Ultra-Light Magnesium-Lithium Alloys
Authors: Król M. , Mikuszewski T. , Kuc D. , Tański T. , Hadasik E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe paper presents the results of the influence of commercial TiBor and AlSr10 master alloys on the refine the grains size, hardness and crystallisation process based on the thermal-derivation analysis of light cast magnesium-lithium-aluminium alloys. The effects of TiBor and AlSr10 content on the characteristic parameters of the crystallisation process of Mg-Li-Al alloys were investigated by thermal-derivative analysis (TDA). Microstructural evaluations were identified by light microscope, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.The results showed that the addition of TiBor master alloy reduced the grain size of Mg-9Li-1.5Al cast alloy from 900 μm to 500 μm, while the addition of AlSr10 master alloy reduced the grain size of investigated cast alloy from 900 μm to 480 μm. Moreover, an addition of TiBor and AlSr10 simultaneously reduced the grain size from 900 μm to 430 μm.Results from the thermal-derivative analysis showed that the addition of grain refinement causes a decrease in nucleation temperature and solidus temperature.
Investigations on the Process of Lead Removal from Cu-Pb Alloys During their Melting in Vacuum Induction Furnace
Authors: Siwiec G. , Buliński P. , Palacz M. , Smołka J. , Blacha L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe paper presents analysis and assessment of operating power of vacuum induction furnace in relation to the efficiency of lead removal from Cu-Pb alloy in VIM (vacuum induction melting) technology. Thermodynamic analysis of the process is performed as well.
Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Composite nc-TiO2/Ni Coating on 316L Steel
Authors: Ledwig P. , Dubiel B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe aim of this work was to obtain composite of nc-TiO2/Ni coatings on 316L steel and to characterize their corrosion resistance. In order to investigate the influence of the addition of TiO2nanoparticles, both pure Ni and composite nc-TiO2/Ni coatings were electrodeposited from nickel citrate baths. The microstructure of the coatings was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The nc-TiO2/Ni coatings were about 10 μm thick. Their microstructure consisted of TiO2nanoparticles uniformly distributed in nanocrystalline Ni matrix. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was measured using impedance spectroscopy and polarization curves techniques in Ringer’s solution. It was determined that the addition of nano-TiO2particles improved corrosion resistance and reduced corrosion rate of the coated steel.
Structural Transformations Versus Hard Particles Motion in the Brass Ingots
Authors: Wołczyński W. , Ivanova A.A. , Kwapisiński P. , Olejnik E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA mathematical method for the forecast of the type of structure in the steel static ingot has been recently developed. Currently, the method has been applied to structural zones prediction in the brass ingots obtained by the continuous casting. Both the temperature field and thermal gradient field have been calculated in order to predict mathematically the existence of some structural zones in the solidifying brass ingot. Particularly, the velocity of theliquidusisotherm movement and thermal gradient behavior versus solidification time have been considered. The analysis of the mentioned velocity allows the conclusion that the brass ingots can evince: chilled columnar grains-, (CC), fine columnar grains-, (FC), columnar grains-, (C), equiaxed grains zone, (E), and even the single crystal, (SC), situated axially. The role of the mentioned morphologies is analyzed to decide whether the hard particles existing in the brass ingots can be swallowed or rejected by the solid / liquid (s/l) interface of a given type of the growing grains. It is suggested that the columnar grains push the hard particles to the end of a brass ingot during its continuous casting.
Imperial Dragon in the Roaring Twenties: Qing Dynasty Dress Re-Made
Authors: Heroldová Helena 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe study focuses on the methodology of research on recycled clothing. Two Chinese Dragon Robes from the collection of the Náprstek Museum were remade as a men’s jacket and a woman’s evening dress. Both examples are described, analysed and interpreted from two points of view: as authentic Dragon Robes in its original Imperial China setting, as well as newly made clothes in the context of the early 20thcentury Western culture.
Precise Receiver Clock Offset Estimations According to Each Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Timescales
Authors: Thongtan Thayathip , Tirawanichakul Pawit , Satirapod Chalermchon 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Each GNSS constellation operates its own system times; namely, GPS system time (GPST), GLONASS system time (GLONASST), BeiDou system time (BDT) and Galileo system time (GST). They could be traced back to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) scale and are aligned to GPST. This paper estimates the receiver clock offsets to three timescales: GPST, GLONASST and BDT. The two measurement scenarios use two identical multi-GNSS geodetic receivers connected to the same geodetic antenna through a splitter. One receiver is driven by its internal oscillators and another receiver is connected to the external frequency oscillators, caesium frequency standard, kept as the Thailand standard time scale at the National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) called UTC(NIMT). The three weeks data are observed at 30 seconds sample rate. The receiver clock offsets with respected to the three system time are estimated and analysed through the geodetic technique of static Precise Point Positioning (PPP) using a data processing software developed by Wuhan University - Positioning And Navigation Data Analyst (PANDA) software. The estimated receiver clock offsets are around 32, 33 and 18 nanoseconds from GPST, GLONASST and BDT respectively. This experiment is initially stated that each timescale is inter-operated with GPST and further measurements on receiver internal delay has to be determined for clock comparisons especially the high accuracy clock at timing laboratories.
Additions to the Migration of Szekler Youth—an Overview of Statistical Data and Existing Literature
Authors: Bálint Gyöngyvér 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This paper aims to summarize the migration processes affecting Szeklerland based on the available official statistical data and the main results of the sociological and anthropological studies regarding the region. Emigration has been present in Szeklerland for more than 150 years. Measuring the extent of international migration—because of the significant illegal migration—is always problematic. The recording of migration in Romanian statistical data is clearly deficient. In estimating the extent of emigration, the most accurate are the international data. In the light of these, migrants of the two Szekler counties (Harghita and Covasna) can be put to approximately 12–15% of the population (62,000–85,000 people). The influence of migrants upon the emitting society is very significant: among secondary-school graduates from Sfântu Gheorghe (the biggest Szekler city), 58% have at least one person in the family with migration experience or staying abroad at the moment of the survey. Almost half of the migrant family members left for work. The most relevant destination countries are Hungary, Germany, Austria, Italy, England, and the USA. At the end of 2014, almost three quarters (72%) of secondary-school graduates from Sfântu Gheorghe were planning to emigrate in the near future. The causes and the consequences of migration in Szeklerland are multiple—they can be described with a combination of economic, incomplete, and transnational migration theories. And they can be completed with the concept of socialization deficit and the sense of personal deficiency it causes, which seems to be the primary motor of migration in Szeklerland.
An “Alien” or a Stranger Indeed?
Authors: Switat Mustafa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWith respect to the current migration crisis in Europe, the term “alien” is generally identified with the Arab or Muslim (for many people: Arab = Muslim) communities. The article contains an analysis of the origins, history, and effects of this phenomenon, illustrated with the example of the Arabs in Poland – a country where both of those communities are small, where there are few immigrants as a rule, and which is not directly impacted by the refugee crisis. In general, there were no negative experiences in Polish–Arabic relations, but—due to the lack of knowledge and personal interactions with members of the Arab (Muslim) diaspora—many Poles perceive them as aliens. Why are they aliens? When did they start being aliens? And if they have always been aliens, then are they aliens indeed? In the paper, I will present an analysis of the way members of the Arab diaspora are perceived as aliens and their sense of alienness in Poland. The analysis is based on the field study of this community, with emphasis on the differences between the Arab migration to Poland/Eastern European countries and their migration to other European states. Additionally, a new theory of inclusion of an alien will be presented along with proposals concerning how to “tame” an alien for the sake of a common, conflict-free existence—because “alien” often simply means the unknown and/or the unwanted to be known.
Hijab(istas)—as Fashion Phenomenon. A Review
Authors: Nistor Laura 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In the present article, I am shortly reviewing some aspects which can be regarded as important in considering the hijab a fashion phenomenon. The social media provides us with various images in which the hijab is presented as a form of fashionable accessory, it is adapted to various modern outfits. The literature on such fashionable takes of the hijab assesses that they can be interpreted as statement messages about women’s empowerment. On the other hand, such adaptations also speak about the emergence of various subcultures about Muslim youth, which in accordance with the global sameness of youth are using social media in order to send messages and connect with each other. After a brief presentation on the role of bottom-up diffusion of fashion innovations, I am reviewing, grosso modo, two representations of the hijab: the hijab as a religious symbol and the hijab as a (fashion) manifesto about women’s empowerment.
The Griever as a Stranger. A Discussion
Authors: Bálint Blanka 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study is, in fact, an interpretation alternative that tries to identify a griever as a stranger in a previously familiar medium. This may refer to an inner strangeness when the griever discovers a kind of strangeness in his or her relationship with himself or herself that questions his or her earlier identity or a feeling of strangeness in relation to friends and acquaintances. In the systematization of the feeling of strangeness in relation to others, I used Schütz’s “homecomer” model of a returning veteran as a starting point. This approach brings us closer to understanding the difficulties of relating to grievers.
Innovation in construction materials engineering versus sustainable development
Authors: Czarnecki L. , Van gemert D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInnovation in construction is presented as a necessary aspect in the answer that the construction industry must provide to solve its negative impact on the environment. Original and innovative research is only part of the work to be accomplished. More important is the implementation of innovation in practice, where traditions are strongly rooted in society, and safety and long term reliability are required. Lessons from nature and study of durable examples handed down from the pasts serve as guidelines to innovative approaches that contribute to sustainability.
The use of multi-criteria optimization to choose solutions for energy-efficient buildings
Authors: Basińska M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe goal of this paper was to optimize the building envelope and technical equipment in the building through the mitigation of the global cost value, and then to evaluate the influence of the chosen assumptions on the primary energy index. The analyses carried out using global cost method allow for finding the cost optimal solution but only for the some range of primary energy index variability. In order to find the optimal solutions it was proposed to use the multi-criteria optimisation, assuming the following as basic criteria: a global cost value and investment prices increase (economic criteria), a primary energy index (energy-related criterion), an emission of carbon dioxide (environmental criterion). The analysed case study refers to the technical solutions for the residential buildings with the usable energy demand at the level of 40 and 15 kWh/m2/a. The presented method might be applied to different types of buildings: those being designed and those being the subject of the thermo-modernisation. The results demonstrate that the proposed model allows for classification of the alternative technical solutions regarding the designing process and the building’s technical equipment. The carried out analyses indicate the economic possibility to achieve the low energy building standard and show the need to concentrate the activities related to the installation technology and used energy source.
Laboratory testing of low temperature asphalt concrete produced in foamed bitumen technology with fiber reinforcement
Authors: Chomicz-Kowalska A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The paper presents the design process and test results of warm mix asphalt concrete produced with modified foamed bitumen and recycled synthetic fiber reinforcement. Recycling and low-temperature asphalt production techniques are now seen as the possibilities to increase the sustainability and energy effectiveness of road construction. Although low processing temperatures permit increased use of reclaimed and recycled materials in new asphalt mixes, they sometimes result in impaired service performance. The aim of this article was to present a possibility of producing a better performing asphalt concrete (in comparison to a control hot-mix) at lower temperatures. For this purpose two road paving bitumens modified with a surface active agent and a Fischer-Tropsch wax thoroughly tested for their basic, rheological characteristics and foaming performance. Selected binders were used for producing two control mixes (hot-mix and foamed warm mix with 35/50 bitumen) as well as the experimental mix with the modified 50/70 bitumen and an addition of synthetic fiber material from recycling of automotive tires. Basic properties of the mixes were tested (air void content, moisture susceptibility with one freeze-thaw cycle, wheel tracking) along with stiffness moduli and fatigue resistance. It was concluded that the control foamed warm-mix performed significantly worse than the hot-mix, while the experimental warm-mix with modified bitumen and fiber additive exhibited increased performance and resistance to fatigue and moisture.
Experimental validation of numerical static calculations for a monolithic rectangular tank with walls of trapezoidal cross-section
Authors: Buczkowski W. , Szymczak-Graczyk A. , Walczak Z. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The article presents the results of validation of static calculations carried out for a monolithic rectangular tank with walls of trapezoidal cross-section. Static calculations were made with the use of software based on the finite element method (FEM) and the finite difference method (FDM) in terms of energy (including spatial static work of the tank). Validation of the results was conducted on a concrete tank model using an innovative measurement tool, i.e. a coordinate measuring arm with a touch probe.
A novel formulation of 3D spectral element for wave propagation in reinforced concrete
Authors: Rucka M. , Witkowski W. , Chróścielewski J. , Burzyński S. , Wilde K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe paper deals with numerical simulations of wave propagation in reinforced concrete for damage detection purposes. A novel formulation of a 3D spectral element was proposed. The reinforcement modelled as the truss spectral element was embedded in the 3D solid spectral finite element. Numerical simulations have been conducted on cuboid concrete specimens reinforced with two steel bars. Different degradation models were considered to study the real behaviour of bended beams.
The optimal online control of the instantaneous power and the multiphase source’s current
Authors: Siwczyński M. , Hawron K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe paper presents the new optimal real-time control algorithm of the power source. The minimum of the square-instantaneous current was assumed as an optimal criterion, with an additional constraint on source instantaneous power. The mathematical model of a multiphase source was applied as a voltage-current convolution in the discrete time domain. The resulting control algorithm was the recursive digital filter with infinite recursion.
Design and analysis of interior composite-rotor bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motors with two layer permanent magnets
Authors: Sun X. , Su B. , Chen L. , Yang Z. , Li K. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In this paper, a new type of interior composite-rotor bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motors (BPMSMs) with two layer permanent magnets (PMs) is proposed. In order to reduce the torque ripple of this kind of motors, the sizes of PMs are optimized. Moreover, the magnetic field analysis of the interior composite-rotor BPMSM with two layer PMs is carried out by the finite element method (FEM). The corresponding static electronic magnetic characteristics at no load, including magnetic field, PM flux linkage and inductance, are studied in detail. In addition, electromagnetic torque characteristics and suspension force characteristics are also investigated thoroughly. The results of the analysis and simulation lay a significant foundation for further research on the interior composite-rotor BPMSMs with two layer PMs.
Economic and environmental analysis of a hybrid solar, wind and pumped storage hydroelectric energy source: a Polish perspective
Authors: Jurasz J. , Mikulik J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper introduces a mixed integer non-linear mathematical model for a simulation of a hybrid energy source consisting of photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines (WT) and pumped storage hydroelectricity (PSH). The concept of PV–WT–PSH has been well described and evaluated for sparsely populated or remote areas such as islands. Here, due to the rapid development of renewable energy sources and most importantly the variable (non-dispatchable) energy sources such as wind and solar, the idea of wind and solar powered PSHs has been investigated in the context of the national energy system. The economic and environmental impact of the proposed hybrid has been assessed. The results reveal that to cover almost 40% of the energy demand one should expect the energy cost to increase by 25%.
Assessment of methods of marking LED sources with the power of equivalent light bulb
Authors: Tabaka P. , Rozga P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article presents considerations on the assessment of marking LED sources with the power of an equivalent light bulb. This problem was studied both on the basis of calculations and measurements performed. 17 LEDs of different powers and luminous fluxes were tested. Calculations assessing conformity with the declared power showed that an important disadvantage for most of the LED sources results from the method of marking them with the power of an equivalent light bulb from the point of view of the luminous flux emitted. Manufacturers do not do this correctly, misleading the potential user. Meanwhile, measurements performed in different ambient temperatures indicated that for only 4 from among the 13 LED sources studied the given value of the power of an equivalent light bulb may be recognized as in accordance with the actual state of affairs and still with a reservation that specified ambient temperature shall be required. In other cases the values of power quoted are either understated or overstated.
Full-order observers for linear fractional multi-order difference systems
Authors: Wyrwas M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe paper is devoted to the construction of observers for linear fractional multi–order difference systems with Riemann–Liouville– and Grünwald–Letnikov–type operators. Basing on the Z-transform method the sufficient condition for the existence of the presented observers is established. The behaviour of the constructed observer is demonstrated in numerical examples.