bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI quantification of human spine cartilage endplate geometry: Comparison with age, degeneration, level, and disc geometry
Authors: DeLucca John F. , Peloquin John M. , Smith Lachlan J. , Wright Alexander C. , Vresilovic Edward J. , Elliott Dawn M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTGeometry is an important indicator of disc mechanical function and degeneration. While the geometry and associated degenerative changes in the nucleus pulposus and the annulus fibrosus are well‐defined, the geometry of the cartilage endplate (CEP) and its relationship to disc degeneration are unknown. The objectives of this study were to quantify CEP geometry in three dimensions using an MRI FLASH imaging sequence and evaluate relationships between CEP geometry and age, degeneration, spinal level, and overall disc geometry. To do so, we assessed the MRI‐based measurements for accuracy and repeatability. Next, we measured CEP geometry across a larger sample set and correlated CEP geometric parameters to age, disc degeneration, level, and disc geometry. The MRI‐based measures resulted in thicknesses (0.3–1 mm) that are comparable to prior measurements of CEP thickness. CEP thickness was greatest at the anterior/posterior (A/P) margins and smallest in the center. The CEP A/P thickness, axial area, and lateral width decreased with age but were not related to disc degeneration. Age‐related, but not degeneration‐related, changes in geometry suggest that the CEP may not follow the progression of disc degeneration. Ultimately, if the CEP undergoes significant geometric changes with aging and if these can be related to low back pain, a clinically feasible translation of the FLASH MRI‐based measurement of CEP geometry presented in this study may prove a useful diagnostic tool. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1410–1417, 2016.
Thermal stratification in small arctic lakes of southwest Greenland affected by water transparency and epilimnetic temperatures
Authors: Saros Jasmine E. , Northington Robert M. , Osburn Christopher L. , Burpee Benjamin T. , John Anderson Nicholas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe assessed which factors control summer epilimnion thickness in arctic lakes of southwest Greenland. A suite of 22 lakes that thermally stratify was measured in the summer of 2013; a sub‐set of eight of the lakes was measured again in 2014, which was a warmer summer than 2013. Regression analysis of the 22 lakes indicated that the 1% attenuation depth for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was the strongest single predictor (R2 = 0.75) of epilimnion thickness across lakes; the addition of epilimnion temperature to the PAR model explained additional variability (R2 = 0.79). The importance of including temperature in the model was apparent in the results of model validation as well as when comparing across years: while the 1% PAR was 0.4–2 m deeper in 2014 compared with 2013, water temperatures were 2–3°C higher, resulting in July epilimnion thicknesses that were equal to or shallower than in 2013. In these lakes with low color dissolved organic carbon (DOC), multiple factors control the 1% PAR, including absorbance at 440 nm (a440), 380 nm (a380), and 320 (a320), chlorophyll a (Chl a) and DOC concentration. In 2014, when 1% PAR was deeper than in 2013, a380, Chl a and DOC were lower in six of the eight lakes. Our results reveal that the thermal structure of these arctic lakes is under complex control by air temperatures and factors that affect PAR attenuation, particularly Chl a and DOC quality, suggesting that continued warming in the Arctic will have strong effects on lake stratification.
Diphenylphosphino Styrene‐Containing Homopolymers: Influence of Alkylation and Mobile Anions on Physical Properties
Authors: Jangu Chainika , Schultz Alison R. , Wall Candace E. , Esker Alan R. , Long Timothy E. 
Published: May 2016

Conventional free radical polymerization and post‐alkylation of 4‐diphenylphosphino styrene (DPPS) generate a new class of high‐molecular‐weight phosphonium‐containing homopolymers with tunable thermal, viscoelastic, and wetting properties. Post‐alkylation and subsequent anion exchange provide an effective method for tuning Tg values and thermal stability as a function of alkyl chain length and counteranion selection (X−, BF4−, TfO−, and Tf2N−). Rheological characterization facilitates the generation of time–temperature–superposition (TTS) pseudomaster curves and subsequent analysis of frequency sweeps at various temperatures reveals two relaxation modes corresponding to long‐range segmental motion and the onset of viscous flow. Contact angle measurements reveal the influence of counteranion selection on wetting properties, revealing increased contact angles for homopolymers containing nucleophilic counteranions. These investigations provide fundamental insight into phosphonium‐containing polymers, aiming to guide future research and applications involving electro‐active polymeric devices.
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UWB bandpass filters with triple notched band characteristics implemented using wave cancellation technique
Authors: Gholipoor Mahsa , Amin Honarvar M. , Virdee Bal. S. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA novel planar bandpass filter structure is proposed with quasi‐elliptic response for ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications, that enables incorporation of triple notch bands within its passband response. The filter design is based on wave cancellation technique which is implemented by first splitting and then combining the signal. The split signals are processed through filtering structures that generate triple notch bands within the passband of the UWB filter response, as well as transmission zeros at the lower and upper cutoff frequencies to enhance the filter's selectivity. The UWB filter designed and fabricated has tri‐notch bands centered at 5.4, 5.8, and 8.2 GHz. The proposed filter is highly compact and miniature with dimensions of 20.7 × 9.8 mm2. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1875–1879, 2016
On‐chip tri‐band bandpass filters using square ring open‐stub loaded resonator on GaAs substrate
Authors: Wu Qinghua , Cui Hengrong , Sun Pengfei , Sun Hao , Sun Xiaowei 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe design and fabrication of novel on‐chip tri‐band bandpass filters using square ring open‐stub loaded resonator are presented. The open stub‐loaded transmission line is introduced to produce tri‐band characteristic and improve band‐to‐band isolation. Theory analysis indicated four transmission zeros can be obtained and independent controlled three central frequencies give the structure more convenience and flexibility. To validate the proposed structure, a tri‐band bandpass filter centered at frequencies of 1.8 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 3.5 GHz on GaAs substrate is designed and fabricated. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1958–1961, 2016
Physical activity, self‐efficacy and self‐esteem in breast cancer survivors: a panel model
Authors: Awick Elizabeth A. , Phillips Siobhan M. , Lloyd Gillian R. , McAuley Edward 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposePhysical activity (PA) has been consistently associated with improved self‐esteem in breast cancer survivors. However, this relationship is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine whether changes in PA and self‐efficacy influenced changes in self‐esteem in breast cancer survivors across 6 months. Increases in PA were hypothesized to result in increases in self‐efficacy, which were hypothesized to influence increases in physical self‐worth (PSW) and global self‐esteem.MethodsBreast cancer survivors (n = 370; Mage = 56.04) wore accelerometers to measure PA and completed measures of self‐efficacy (e.g., exercise and barriers self‐efficacy), PSW, and global self‐esteem at baseline and 6 months.ResultsThe hypothesized model provided a good fit to the data (χ2 = 67.56, df = 26, p < 0.001; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.98; standardized root mean residual = 0.05). Women with higher activity at baseline reported significantly higher levels of barrier (β = 0.29) and exercise (β = 0.23) self‐efficacy. In turn, more efficacious women reported significantly higher PSW (β = 0.26, 0.16). Finally, higher PSW was significantly associated with greater global self‐esteem (β = 0.47). Relationships were similar among changes in model constructs over 6 months. After controlling for covariates, the hypothesized model provided an excellent fit to the data (χ2 = 59.93, df = 33, p = 0.003; comparative fit index = 0.99; standardized root mean residual = 0.03).ConclusionOur findings provide support for the role played by PA and self‐efficacy in positive self‐esteem, a key component of well‐being. Highlighting successful PA mastery experiences is likely to enhance self‐efficacy and improve self‐esteem in this population. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induced hydrophobicity in micro‐ and nanostructured nickel thin films obtained by ultraviolet pulsed laser treatment
Authors: Framil Carpeño David , Dickinson Michelle , Seal Christopher , Hyland Margaret 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAbstractauthoren Nickel thin films were deposited on Ti6Al4V and surface treated with nanosecond pulse ultraviolet laser in ambient conditions using a fluence of 3.68 J cm−2. A twofold to threefold increase in contact angle was observed for water, ethylene glycol, and diiodomethane following laser treatment, with recorded contact angles for water in excess of 130°. No additional treatment was used to hydrophobize the surface. Three different micro‐ and nanometric levels of roughness were generated on the thin film surface, which can be related to the rastering parameters of the laser and to the increase in apparent contact angle. Melt droplets were identified as a main contribution to the nanometric roughness level, indicating that melting and melt ejection play an important role in surface nanostructuring.Micro‐ and nanopatterning obtained after UV laser treatment of nickel thin films, highlighting the different scales of the generated features.
Rewarding Self‐Initiated Expatriates: A Skills‐Based Approach
Authors: Kim Kowoon , Halliday Cynthia Saldanha , Zhao Yue , Wang Chen , Von Glinow Mary Ann 
Published: May 2016

AbstractExpatriate compensation is considered one of the most difficult issues in expatriate policy, yet it is an important area of international HRM since it can attract and retain high‐skilled employees, increasing satisfaction and reducing turnover. Most of the literature on expatriate compensation has focused on traditional organizational expatriates (OEs). This article uses insights from the OE compensation literature to discuss the compensation of an overlooked group of expatriates known as self‐initiated expatriates (SIEs). We first define SIEs, discuss their motivations to pursue an expatriate experience, and categorize them into three different groups based on their skill level. Then we focus the discussion on rewarding high‐skilled SIEs, a valuable group of expatriates that are receiving increased attention by MNEs. We argue that to attract high‐skilled SIEs, HR managers should consider using more nonfinancial rewards in addition to financial rewards. This article has implications for both academic research and organizational practice. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Characterization of Six Microalgae with Potential Utility for Food Application
Authors: Matos Ângelo Paggi , Feller Rafael , Moecke Elisa Helena Siegel , de Oliveira José Vladimir , Junior Agenor Furigo , Derner Roberto Bianchini , Sant'Anna Ernani Sebastião 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMicroalgae contain high levels of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, and have found a useful application in enhancing the nutritional value of foods. These organisms can also synthesize long‐chain fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerols, such as α‐linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), linolenic acid (LA), γ‐linolenic acid (GLA) and arachidonic acid (AA). The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and measure protein, carbohydrates, fibers, lipids as well as the fatty acids composition of six microalgae species with potential application in the food industry. Two freshwater species, Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis, and four marine species, Nannochloropsis oculata, Nannochloropsis gaditana, Porphyridium cruentum, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, were used in the experiments. Intracellular protein was the most prominent algal component (42.8–35.4 %), followed by carbohydrate + fiber (32.3–28.6 %), and lipids (15.6–5.3 %). N. gaditana is rich in saturated fatty acids, mainly palmitic acid (5.1 g/100 g), while the cells of S. platensis and C. vulgaris algae are abundant in GLA (1.9 g/100 g) and ALA (2.8 g/100 g) acids, respectively. P. cruentum differs from other algae, because it contains a large amount of AA (3.7 g/100 g). The marine microorganisms N. oculata and P. tricornutum are also a source of essential long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA‐ɷ3), mainly composed of EPA and DHA. Our results suggest that the freshwater species C. vulgaris and S. platensis are attractive nutritional supplements because of their low fiber and high protein/carbohydrate contents, while the marine species P. tricornutum and N. oculata can enrich foods with LC‐PUFA‐ω3, because of their favorable ω3/ω6 ratio.
Comparative evaluation of healing response between colo-colic invagination anastomosis and single-layer running suture. Experimental study in dogs
Authors: Nogueira Miguel Augusto Arcoverde , Regadas Francisco Sérgio Pinheiro , Bezerra Carlos Renato Sales , Figueiredo Welligton Ribeiro , Filho Erbert Portela Martins 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjective Evaluate healing response of colo-colic anastomosis by invagination vs. single-layer suture.Methods Sixty dogs were randomly distributed in two groups and anastomosed with single-layer suture (G-I, control) or by invagination and cardinal sutures (G-II, study). In the end, the animals were euthanized (10 from each group on POD7 and 20 on POD21) and the anastomosed segment was retrieved for histology and immunohistochemistry. Parameters included body weight, adhesions, edema, vasoproliferation, type I and III collagen, myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide. Findings were analyzed with Student's t test and the Mann–Whitney test.Results No animal died prior to euthanasia. The groups were similar with regard to all parameters: median weight 10.86 kg (G-I) and 9.98 kg (G-II) on POD7 (p = 0.41) and 11.86 kg (G-I) and 11.55 kg (G-II) on POD21 (p = 0.71); abdominal adhesions (p = 0.7383 POD7; p = 0.5685 POD21), level of edema (p = 0.3006 POD7; p = 0.7990 POD21), vasoproliferation (p = 0.1191 POD7; p = 0.0758 POD21), type I collagen (p = 0.4591 POD7; p = 0.3357 POD21), type III collagen (p = 0.2166 POD7; p = 0.2712 POD21), nitric oxide (p = 0.3980 POD7; p = 0.4796 POD21) and myeloperoxidase (p = 0.580 POD7; p = 0.755 POD21).Conclusion No significant difference in healing response was observed between the two anastomosis techniques (single-layer suture and invagination).
Angiotensinogen and HLA class II predict bevacizumab response in recurrent glioblastoma patients
Authors: Urup Thomas , Michaelsen Signe Regner , Olsen Lars Rønn , Toft Anders , Christensen Ib Jarle , Grunnet Kirsten , Winther Ole , Broholm Helle , Kosteljanetz Michael , Issazadeh-Navikas Shohreh , Poulsen Hans Skovgaard , Lassen Ulrik 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundBevacizumab combination therapy is among the most frequently used treatments in recurrent glioblastoma and patients who achieve response to bevacizumab have improved survival as well as quality of life. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to identify predictive biomarkers for bevacizumab response in recurrent glioblastoma patients.MethodsThe study included a total of 82 recurrent glioblastoma patients treated with bevacizumab combination therapy whom were both response and biomarker evaluable. Gene expression of tumor tissue was analyzed by using a customized NanoString platform covering 800 genes. Candidate gene predictors associated with response were analyzed by multivariate logistic and Cox regression analysis.ResultsTwo genes were independently associated with response: Low expression of angiotensinogen (2‐fold decrease in AGT; OR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.45–4.17; P = 0.0009) and high expression of a HLA class II gene (2‐fold increase in HLA‐DQA1; OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01–1.47; P = 0.04). These two genes were included in a model that is able predict response to bevacizumab combination therapy in clinical practice. When stratified for a validated prognostic index, the predictive model for response was significantly associated with improved overall survival.ConclusionTwo genes (low angiotensinogen and high HLA‐class II expression) were predictive for bevacizumab response and were included in a predictive model for response. This model can be used in clinical practice to identify patients who will benefit from bevacizumab combination therapy.
New methodology combining neural network and extended great deluge algorithms for the ATR-42 wing aerodynamics analysis
Authors: Ben Mosbah A. , Botez R.M. , Dao T.-M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe fast determination of aerodynamic parameters such as pressure distributions, lift, drag and moment coefficients from the known airflow conditions (angles of attack, Mach and Reynolds numbers) in real time is still not easily achievable by numerical analysis methods in aerodynamics and aeroelasticity. A flight parameters control system is proposed to solve this problem. This control system is based on new optimisation methodologies using Neural Networks (NNs) and Extended Great Deluge (EGD) algorithms. Validation of these new methodologies is realised by experimental tests using a wing model installed in a wind tunnel and three different transducer systems (a FlowKinetics transducer, an AEROLAB PTA transducer and multitube manometer tubes) to determine the pressure distribution. For lift, drag and moment coefficients, the results of our approach are compared to the XFoil aerodynamics software and the experimental results for different angles of attack and Mach numbers. The main purpose of this new proposed control system is to improve, in this paper, wing aerodynamic performance, and in future to apply it to improve aircraft aerodynamic performance.
Henry Boynton Smith and Church History in Nineteenth-Century America
Authors: Aubert Annette G. 
Published: May 2016

Henry Boynton Smith (1815–1877) was one of the few nineteenth-century American scholars committed to disseminating German methods of ecclesiastical historiography to a country known for its anti-historical tendencies. However, modern scholars have generally overlooked his significant contributions in this area. Hence exploring his scholarly reception and specifically his History of the Church of Christ, in Chronological Tables will fill a niche in the historiography of church history.Philip Schaff (1819–1893), the renowned church historian and founder of the American Society of Church History, was one of the few contemporaries of Smith who understood that Smith's scholarship was on a par with that being produced in Germany. Schaff specifically praised Smith's chronological tables—evidence of Smith's German education among some of the best German historians of the period, including Leopold von Ranke and August Neander. This essay reviews Smith's History of the Church of Christ, in Chronological Tables in the context of the newly emerging scientific history and describes his contribution to nineteenth-century American scholarship. Smith is worthy of attention for establishing a central position for the history of doctrine and for promoting the field of church history and the use of chronological tables in nineteenth-century America.
Blobbed topological recursion: properties and applications
Authors: BOROT GAËTAN , SHADRIN SERGEY 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe study the set of solutions (ωg,n)g⩾0,n⩾1of abstract loop equations. We prove that ωg,nis determined by its purely holomorphic part: this results in a decomposition that we call “blobbed topological recursion”. This is a generalisation of the theory of the topological recursion, in which the initial data (ω0,1, ω0,2) is enriched by non-zero symmetric holomorphic forms innvariables (φg,n)2g−2+n>0. In particular, we establish for any solution of abstract loop equations: (1) a graphical representation of ωg,nin terms of φg,n; (2) a graphical representation of ωg,nin terms of intersection numbers on the moduli space of curves; (3) variational formulas under infinitesimal transformation of φg,n; (4) a definition for the free energies ωg,0=Fgrespecting the variational formulas. We discuss in detail the application to the multi-trace matrix model and enumeration of stuffed maps.
Partial differential equations and stochastic methods in molecular dynamics
Authors: Lelièvre Tony , Stoltz Gabriel 
Published: May 2016

The objective of molecular dynamics computations is to infer macroscopic properties of matter from atomistic models via averages with respect to probability measures dictated by the principles of statistical physics. Obtaining accurate results requires efficient sampling of atomistic configurations, which are typically generated using very long trajectories of stochastic differential equations in high dimensions, such as Langevin dynamics and its overdamped limit. Depending on the quantities of interest at the macroscopic level, one may also be interested in dynamical properties computed from averages over paths of these dynamics.This review describes how techniques from the analysis of partial differential equations can be used to devise good algorithms and to quantify their efficiency and accuracy. In particular, a crucial role is played by the study of the long-time behaviour of the solution to the Fokker–Planck equation associated with the stochastic dynamics.
Pre-bilaterian origin of the blastoporal axial organizer
Authors: Kraus Yulia , Aman Andy , Technau Ulrich , Genikhovich Grigory 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe startling capacity of the amphibian Spemann organizer to induce naïve cells to form a Siamese twin embryo with a second set of body axes is one of the hallmarks of developmental biology. However, the axis-inducing potential of the blastopore-associated tissue is commonly regarded as a chordate feature. Here we show that the blastopore lip of a non-bilaterian metazoan, the anthozoan cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, possesses the same capacity and uses the same molecular mechanism for inducing extra axes as chordates: Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We also demonstrate that the establishment of the secondary, directive axis in Nematostella by BMP signaling is sensitive to an initial Wnt signal, but once established the directive axis becomes Wnt-independent. By combining molecular analysis with experimental embryology, we provide evidence that the emergence of the Wnt/β-catenin driven blastopore-associated axial organizer predated the cnidarian-bilaterian split over 600 million years ago.