bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac changes in moderately malnourished children and their correlations with anthropometric and electrolyte changes
Authors: El Razaky Osama , Naeem Ahmed , Donia Amr , El Amrousy Doaa , Elfeky Noha 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in moderately malnourished children and to correlate them with both anthropometric and electrolyte changes.Patients and methodSixty moderately malnourished children were taken as patient group, and 60 healthy children of matched age and sex were taken as control group. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, and electrolytes were measured for all children. Electrocardiographic evaluation for calculated QT (QTc) and QT dispersion (QTd) was performed. Left ventricular (LV) function was also evaluated using conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler, and strain methods. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was also calculated.ResultsWeight, BMI, serum levels of albumin, total calcium, and ionized calcium were significantly lower, while QTc and QTd were significantly prolonged in malnourished children (P = .001 for all). There was significant reduction in LV fraction shortening (FS), LV Eʹ/Aʹ, LV strain (S), LV myocardial performance index (MPI), LV global systolic strain (GLSS), and LVMI (P = .001 for all) in malnourished children. There was significant correlation between BMI and all cardiac variables. Moreover, there was significant positive correlation between serum albumin level and LV Eʹ/Aʹ (P = .02), LV GLSS (P = .03), and LVMI (P = .03).Total and ionized calcium level were significantly correlated with QTc, QTd, and LVMI (P < .05 for all). BMI was the most powerful predictor of these electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes.ConclusionCardiac changes were present in moderately malnourished children as documented by electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes, and these changes are in strong association with BMI and for a lesser extent with electrolyte changes especially serum calcium.
Early assessment of the left ventricular function by epirubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in postoperative breast cancer patients
Authors: Luo Runlan , Cui Hongyan , Huang Dongmei , Li Guangsen 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveEpirubicin (Epi) is a potent and effective drug for many malignant cancers with serious cardiotoxicity. Therefore, layer‐specific two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) was used to evaluate the longitudinal and circumferential systolic function of the left ventricular for the early detection of cardiotoxicity in this retrospective work.MethodsOverall, 130 female patients with postoperative breast cancer who did not receive radiotherapy were classified into three groups: Group A (control group, n = 40) without any chemotherapy; Group B (n = 44) administered Epi at 180 ~ 240 mg/m2; and Group C (n = 46) administered Epi at ≥360 mg/m2. Peak and global systolic longitudinal strains (GLS) in the total and endocardium, mid‐myocardium, and epicardium were measured and calculated from apical four‐chamber, apical two‐chamber, and left ventricular long‐axis views, respectively. Peak and global circumferential strains (GCS) in the total and endocardium, mid‐myocardium, and epicardium were measured and calculated from mitral annulus, papillary muscle, and apical levels of the short‐axis view, respectively.ResultsThe total GLS and GLS of the endocardium in every view were significantly reduced in group C compared with both groups A and B (P < .05), but there was no significant difference between groups A and B (P > .05). The GLS of the epicardium and mid‐myocardium in groups B and C were not significantly reduced (P > .05). There were no significant differences in the total GCS and layer‐specific GCS of endocardium, mid‐myocardium, and epicardium among the three groups (P > .05).ConclusionsLeft ventricular longitudinal systolic dysfunction was detected. Moreover, an impaired endocardium was also detected in an early assessment by layer‐specific 2DSTE.
Phenological phases of the host plant shape plant–treehopper interaction networks
Authors: GADELHA YVE E. A. , LANGE DENISE , DÁTTILO WESLEY , LOPES BENEDITO C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Several studies have recently focused on the structural pattern of plant–insect interaction networks. However, insects and plants have dynamic cycles and differ in their level of specialisation over time, space, and scales. Thus, it is expected that sap‐sucking insects, such as treehoppers, and plants will not share similar patterns of interactions in all phenological stages of the plants.
It was postulated that phenological stages of the host plant could change the structure of plant–treehopper networks, which will be more specialised during the reproductive stage than during the vegetative stage, mainly because of high concentrations of toxic compounds in the flowers. Here, quantitative metrics derived from graph theory were used to describe, for the first time, the changes in the structure of plant–treehopper interactions during the phenological stages of the host plants in Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
The results revealed high temporal turnover of plant–treehopper interactions, and high similarity in the treehopper composition between the phenological stages. In both phenological stages, plant–treehopper networks exhibited a modular and non‐nested pattern. However, during the reproductive stage, the results showed lower species richness of plants and treehoppers, and higher levels of network specialisation compared with the vegetative phase.
These findings demonstrate that the organisation of the same ecological interaction can change throughout plant phenology. In short, it was shown that the phenological phases of the host plants can constitute a remarkable mechanism that shapes plant–treehopper interaction networks in a tropical rainforest.
Inpatient vs outpatient autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma
Authors: Shah Nina , Cornelison A. Megan , Saliba Rima , Ahmed Sairah , Nieto Yago L. , Bashir Qaiser , Parmar Simrit , Hosing Chitra , Popat Uday , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Champlin Richard E. , Qazilbash Muzaffar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto‐HCT) are commonly performed for multiple myeloma (MM) patients and may be as safe in the outpatient setting as in the inpatient setting.MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective analysis of all MM patients undergoing auto‐HCT between January 2008 and December 2012. We categorized patients as outpatient vs inpatient auto‐HCT and compared clinical characteristics and outcomes between the groups.ResultsOne thousand and forty‐six patients were included (669 inpatients, 377 outpatients). Patients transplanted as outpatients were significantly younger (58 [34‐78] vs 62 [31‐82], P < .001) and more likely to have an hematopoietic stem cell comorbidity index (HCT‐CI) score <2 (P = .003) and creatinine <2 (P < .001). There were no differences in treatment‐related mortality (TRM) but the inpatient group experienced significantly more grade 2‐5 (P = .003) and grade 3‐5 (P = .003) adverse events (AEs). 2 year progression‐free survival (PFS) was significantly longer in the outpatient group (60% vs 50%, HR =HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6‐0.9, P = .005). 2 year OS was also longer in the outpatient group (83% vs 77%, HR 0.6, 95% CI 04‐0.9, P = .01).ConclusionOutpatient auto‐HCT can be safely performed for selected patients with MM. Differences in outcomes are likely related to baseline clinical characteristics rather than choice of treatment setting.
Cancer is an independent predictor of poor outcomes in patients following intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Gon Y. , Todo K. , Mochizuki H. , Sakaguchi M. 
Published: September 2017

Background and purposePatients with cancer have been reported to have poorer outcomes following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) than those without cancer, but the findings were not consistent between studies. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that cancer is associated with poor outcomes following ICH.MethodsIn all, 3137 consecutive patients admitted to the stroke unit of Osaka University Hospital were reviewed. Patients diagnosed with ICH were extracted and divided into two groups according to the presence of cancer. ICH characteristics were compared between the groups. The outcomes were measured using the 30‐day and 90‐day modified Rankin Scale (mRS).ResultsAmongst the 399 ICH patients (37.1% women; median age 66 years), the frequency of cancer was 15.3%. Of these, 70.5% of patients had distant metastatic cancers. Compared to controls, cancer patients were comparable in the Glasgow Coma Scale, hematoma volume and the frequency of infratentorial location and intraventricular hemorrhage extension, but had poorer outcomes following ICH. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that cancer was independently associated with poor outcomes following ICH (odds ratio 5.14; 95% confidence interval 2.63–10.06). Adjustment was made for the covariates age, sex, time from onset to admission, prior use of antithrombotic agents, pre‐stroke mRS, Glasgow Coma Scale, hematoma volume, infratentorial location and intraventricular hemorrhage extension. When the analysis was performed using data from individuals with localized cancer, the effect remained significant after assessment with 90‐day mRS but not after that with 30‐day mRS.ConclusionsThe results suggest that cancer, especially distant metastatic cancer, is an independent predictor of poorer outcomes following ICH.
Personality‐related differences in response to habitat in Mediterranean blue tits
Authors: Serrano‐Davies Eva , Araya‐Ajoy Yimen G. , Dingemanse Niels J. , Sanz Juan José 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHabitat‐specific selection pressures have been widely recognized, but whether selection favours different personality types in different habitats has rarely been evaluated. This study aimed to test whether personality‐related differences in annual reproductive success differed between two populations of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) occupying different Mediterranean habitats (oakwood and pinewood). We measured exploration and parental provisioning behaviours and used a path analysis to ask how the interplay between these two behavioural traits affected reproductive success in each of these two habitats. We found that blue tits breeding in the pinewood were slow‐exploring compared to blue tits breeding in the oakwood, suggesting the occurrence of personality‐related differences in settlement, or behavioural plasticity in response to habitat. Exploration behaviour and feeding rates were positively associated, suggesting that they affect each other or that there is an environmental factor affecting both traits simultaneously. Finally, fast explorers were favoured in the pinewood, while there was no selection acting on exploration behaviour in the oak habitat. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating habitat selection, plasticity and personality in the study of behavioural evolution.
Evaluation of the use of midazolam as a co‐induction agent with ketamine for anaesthesia in sedated ponies undergoing field castration
Authors: Allison A. , Robinson R. , Jolliffe C. , Taylor P. M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundThere are limited investigations comparing ketamine to a ketamine‐midazolam co‐induction.ObjectivesTo compare quality and safety of general anaesthesia induced using ketamine alone with anaesthesia co‐induced using ketamine and midazolam.Study designRandomised, double blinded, placebo controlled trial.MethodsAfter i.v. detomidine (20 μg/kg) thirty‐eight ponies undergoing field castration received either 0.06 mg/kg (0.6 mL/50 kg) midazolam (group M) or 0.6 mL/50 kg placebo (group P) with 2.2 mg/kg ketamine i.v. for anaesthetic induction. Quality of anaesthetic induction, endotracheal intubation, surgical relaxation and recovery were scored using combinations of simple descriptive and visual analogue scales. Time of sedation, induction, start of endotracheal intubation, first movement, sternal recumbency and standing were recorded, as were time, number and total quantity of additional i.v. detomidine and ketamine injections. Cardiorespiratory variables were assessed every 5 min. Adverse effects were documented. Data were tested for normality and analysed with a mixed model ANOVA, Fisher's exact test, unpaired Students’ t test and Wilcoxon Rank‐sum as appropriate; P<0.05 was considered significant.ResultsGroup M had better scores for induction (P = 0.005), intubation (P<0.001) and surgical relaxation (P<0.001) and required fewer additional injections of detomidine and ketamine (P = 0.04). Time (minutes) from induction to first movement (P<0.001), sternal recumbency (P =< 0.001) and standing was longer (P = 0.05) in group M. Recoveries were uneventful with no difference in quality between groups (P = 0.78).Main limitationsClinical study with noninvasive monitoring undertaken in field conditions.ConclusionsKetamine‐midazolam co‐induction compared to ketamine alone improved quality of induction, ease of intubation and muscle relaxation without impacting recovery quality.
A key tyrosine substitution restricts nucleotide hydrolysis by the ectoenzyme NPP5
Authors: Gorelik Alexei , Randriamihaja Antsa , Illes Katalin , Nagar Bhushan 
Published: September 2017

The ecto‐nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP) family of proteins mediates purinergic signaling by degrading extracellular nucleotides and also participates in phospholipid metabolism. NPP5 (ENPP5) is the least characterized member of this group and its specific role is unknown. This enzyme does not display activity on certain nucleotides and on other typical NPP substrates. In order to gain insights into its function, we determined the crystal structure of human and murine NPP5. Structural comparison with close homologs revealed a key phenylalanine to tyrosine substitution that prevents efficient hydrolysis of nucleotide diphosphates and triphosphates; reversal of this mutation enabled degradation of these molecules. Interestingly, NPP5 is able to cleave nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), suggesting a potential role of this enzyme in NAD‐based neurotransmission. An NPP5‐specific metal binding motif is found adjacent to the active site, although its significance is unclear. These findings expand our understanding of substrate specificity within the NPP family.DatabaseStructural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5VEM, 5VEN, and 5VEO.
Multi‐model comparison highlights consistency in predicted effect of warming on a semi‐arid shrub
Authors: Renwick Katherine M. , Curtis Caroline , Kleinhesselink Andrew R. , Schlaepfer Daniel , Bradley Bethany A. , Aldridge Cameron L. , Poulter Benjamin , Adler Peter B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA number of modeling approaches have been developed to predict the impacts of climate change on species distributions, performance, and abundance. The stronger the agreement from models that represent different processes and are based on distinct and independent sources of information, the greater the confidence we can have in their predictions. Evaluating the level of confidence is particularly important when predictions are used to guide conservation or restoration decisions. We used a multi‐model approach to predict climate change impacts on big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), the dominant plant species on roughly 43 million hectares in the western United States and a key resource for many endemic wildlife species. To evaluate the climate sensitivity ofA. tridentata, we developed four predictive models, two based on empirically derived spatial and temporal relationships, and two that applied mechanistic approaches to simulate sagebrush recruitment and growth. This approach enabled us to produce an aggregate index of climate change vulnerability and uncertainty based on the level of agreement between models. Despite large differences in model structure, predictions of sagebrush response to climate change were largely consistent. Performance, as measured by change in cover, growth, or recruitment, was predicted to decrease at the warmest sites, but increase throughout the cooler portions of sagebrush's range. A sensitivity analysis indicated that sagebrush performance responds more strongly to changes in temperature than precipitation. Most of the uncertainty in model predictions reflected variation among the ecological models, raising questions about the reliability of forecasts based on a single modeling approach. Our results highlight the value of a multi‐model approach in forecasting climate change impacts and uncertainties and should help land managers to maximize the value of conservation investments.
“Yubi‐wakka” (finger‐ring) test: A practical self‐screening method for sarcopenia, and a predictor of disability and mortality among Japanese community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Tanaka Tomoki , Takahashi Kyo , Akishita Masahiro , Tsuji Tetsuo , Iijima Katsuya 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimWe developed a simple self‐screening method, the “Yubi‐wakka (finger‐ring)” test to assess sarcopenia swiftly. This prospective cohort study aimed to examine the validity of this test as a practical method among community‐dwelling older adults for identifying sarcopenia, and for predicting disability and mortality.MethodsWe followed 1904 older adults, and analyzed associations between this “Yubi‐wakka” test result at baseline in 2012 and sarcopenia at baseline, new‐onset sarcopenia followed until 2014, and new‐certification for the long‐term care insurance and mortality followed until 2016. The “Yubi‐wakka” test checks whether the maximum non‐dominant calf circumference is bigger than the individual's own finger‐ring circumference, which is formed by the thumb and forefinger of both hands. We divided participants into three groups, “bigger,” “just fits” and “smaller” based on a comparison between the calf and finger‐ring circumference.ResultsOf 1904 participants (mean age 72.8 ± 5.4 years), 53% were grouped as “bigger,” 33% were in “just fits” and 14% were in “smaller.” Relative to “bigger,” the test results statistically associated with sarcopenia (“just fits” OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4–4.1 and “smaller” OR 6.6, 95% CI 3.5–13), by multivariate analyses. The test results also increased the risk of new‐onset sarcopenia (“just fits” HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2–3.8 and “smaller” HR 3.4, 95% CI 1.8–6.4). Furthermore, the “smaller” had 2.0‐ and 3.2‐fold increased risks for needing long‐term care insurance services and mortality, respectively.ConclusionsThe “Yubi‐wakka” test is an extremely practical method to identify older adults at risk of sarcopenia, disability and mortality. This test might contribute to increased primary prevention for sarcopenia by serving as an early wake‐up call for older adults against becoming sarcopenic. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 224–232.
Re‐evaluation of 33 ‘unclassified’ eosinophilic renal cell carcinomas in young patients
Authors: Li Yunjie , Reuter Victor E , Matoso Andres , Netto George J , Epstein Jonathan I , Argani Pedram 
Published: September 2017

AimsWe sought to determine if some unclassified renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) in children and young adults that are characterised by predominantly eosinophilic cytoplasm are related to the recently described succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)‐deficient RCC, fumarate hydratase (FH)‐deficient RCC or eosinophilic solid and cystic (ESC) RCC.Methods and resultsWe reviewed 33 unclassified RCCs with predominantly eosinophilic cytoplasm in patients aged 35 years or younger. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for SDHB, FH and CK20 (a marker of ESC) was performed in all cases. IHC for 2‐succinocysteine (2SC) was performed on RCC with loss of FH labelling. Four RCC (12%) (median age 18 years) demonstrated loss of FH labelling as well as aberrant 2SC labelling, and were thus classified as FH‐deficient RCCs. Importantly, none of these cases demonstrated the characteristic macronucleoli typical of FH‐deficient RCC. Eight RCC (24%) (median age 20.5 years) demonstrated loss of SDHB and were reclassified as SDH‐deficient RCCs. Importantly, only four of eight SDH‐deficient RCC demonstrated the characteristic cytoplasmic vacuoles and inclusions of typical SDH‐deficient RCC. Ten RCC (30%) (median age 27 years) were reclassified as ESC RCCs. Four of 10 ESC RCC were multifocal (one bilateral), four of 10 ESC RCC occurred in males and one patient presented with liver and lung metastases, all not described previously in ESC. Eleven RCC (33%) remained unclassified.ConclusionsPathologists should have a low threshold for performing FH, SDHB and CK20 IHC when confronted with unclassified eosinophilic RCC or ‘oncocytoma’ in young patients.
Different Contexts and Trends: Latina Immigrant Fertility in the US and Spain
Authors: Cristina Mora G. , Fernández Juan J. , Torre Margarita 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article provides the first cross‐national assessment of Latina immigrant fertility trends. Specifically, we compare Ecuadorian women in Spain (EiS) to Mexican women in the United States (MiUS). We focus on these two groups because they (1) have similar socio‐economic profiles and (2) are the largest Latina subgroups in their respective host countries. We show that since 2001, the fertility rate of EiS has declined substantially more than the fertility rate of MiUS has. Drawing on census and administrative data in both countries, we assess four factors that might explain this difference: economic cycles, linguistic affinity, labor market participation, and education. We argue that labor market and education factors can best help to explain Latina fertility patterns. We conclude by discussing the findings with regard to contemporary arguments about Latino culture and immigrant fertility, and by describing the study's policy implications.
Escape from predators and genetic variance in birds
Authors: Jiang Y. , Møller A. P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPredation is a common cause of death in numerous organisms, and a host of antipredator defences have evolved. Such defences often have a genetic background as shown by significant heritability and microevolutionary responses towards weaker defences in the absence of predators. Flight initiation distance (FID) is the distance at which an individual animal takes flight when approached by a human, and hence, it reflects the life‐history compromise between risk of predation and the benefits of foraging. Here, we analysedFIDin 128 species of birds in relation to three measures of genetic variation, band sharing coefficient for minisatellites, observed heterozygosity and inbreeding coefficient for microsatellites in order to test whetherFIDwas positively correlated with genetic variation. We found consistently shorterFIDfor a given body size in the presence of high band sharing coefficients, low heterozygosity and high inbreeding coefficients in phylogenetic analyses after controlling statistically for potentially confounding variables. These findings imply that antipredator behaviour is related to genetic variance. We predict that many threatened species with low genetic variability will show reduced antipredator behaviour and that subsequent predator‐induced reductions in abundance may contribute to unfavourable population trends for such species.