bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of overweight and obesity on health outcomes in the United States from 1990 to 2021
Authors: Al Ta'ani Omar , Al‐Ajlouni Yazan A. , Aleyadeh Wesam , Al‐Bitar Farah , Alsakarneh Saqr , Saadeh Aseel , Alhuneafat Laith , Njei Basile 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimElevated body mass index (BMI) presents a significant public health challenge in the United States, contributing to considerable morbidity, mortality and economic burden. This study investigates the health burden of overweight and obesity in the United States from 1990 to 2021, leveraging the Global Burden of Disease data set to analyse trends, disparities and potential determinants of high BMI‐related health outcomes.Materials and MethodsOur study focused on the United States, analysing trends in disability‐adjusted life years (DALY) and deaths attributable to high BMI, defined as a BMI of 25 kg/m2 or higher for adults. Statistical analyses included estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in age‐standardized DALY rates and age‐standardized death rates. Pearson correlation was performed between EAPCs and the socio‐demographic index (SDI), with significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, age‐standardized DALY rates attributable to high BMI increased by 24.9%, whereas the age‐standardized death rates increased by 5.2%. Age disparities showed DALYs peaking at 60–64 years for males and 65–69 years for females, with deaths peaking at 65–69 years for males and 90–94 years for females. A strong negative correlation was found between the EAPC in age‐standardized DALY and death rates and the SDI.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity significantly impact public health in the United States, especially among older adults and lower socio‐demographic regions. Comprehensive public health strategies integrating behavioural, technological and environmental interventions are crucial. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, personalized interventions and policy‐driven approaches to address the multifaceted influences on high BMI.
The effects of non‐trade non‐rent barriers on intra‐Africa trade
Authors: Asteriou Dimitrios , Kadzutu Reginald 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article evaluates the effects of non‐trade non‐rent barriers to intra‐Africa trade. Specifically, the effects of improved productivity, improved capital inflows, share of employment in non‐agricultural sectors, and ratio of rural population. We seek to investigate the impact of institutional strength measured by property rights, rule of law and control of corruption, different exchange rate regimes on the impact of the non‐trade non‐rent variables on intra‐Africa trade. We use an extensive dataset of 25 countries, by picking the most diverse and high‐income economies in each region, for the period 2000–2020 using annual data. The empirical analysis involves a linear panel analysis with a fixed effects estimator. The study provides evidence that level of labor productivity is a key factor in the growth of intra‐Africa imports and exports, the share of employment in the wholesale and services sector also has a significantly positive impact, exchange rate regimes play a magnifying role, and strong institutions (regulatory quality, rule of law and low corruption) will enhance the benefits to be drawn for increased income flows.
Child custody cases now & then: From Kramer versus Kramer to Marriage Story
Authors: Crampton Alexandra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the 1970s, the movie Kramer versus Kramer dramatized the destructiveness of child custody disputes. It helped inspire family law reform and careers. The central problem identified was an adversarial system and hostile litigation. The proposed solution was alternative dispute resolution (ADR). Over time, these alternatives became an integral part of the family law response to child custody cases, except in cases of vulnerable parties. Today's parents are under greater legal and social pressure to resolve disputes without resorting to court. This can be welcomed and resisted by parents. This article focuses on parental resistance to dispute resolution over litigation through a return to Hollywood. The movie Marriage Story is used to show how parents might feel alienated rather than relieved by opportunity to cooperatively problem‐solve differences. Implications are explored in part through drawing from ethnographic research on parents who engaged in mediation through a U.S. family court program and through two Australian Family Relationship Centres (FRC).
How do drought and heat affect the response of soybean seed yield to elevated O3? An analysis of 15 seasons of free‐air O3 concentration enrichment studies
Authors: Li Shuai , Montes Christopher M. , Aspray Elise K. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe coincidence of rising ozone concentrations ([O3]), increasing global temperatures, and drought episodes is expected to become more intense and frequent in the future. A better understanding of the responses of crop yield to elevated [O3] under different levels of drought and high temperature stress is, therefore, critical for projecting future food production potential. Using a 15‐year open‐air field experiment in central Illinois, we assessed the impacts of elevated [O3] coupled with variation in growing season temperature and water availability on soybean seed yield. Thirteen soybean cultivars were exposed to a wide range of season‐long elevated [O3] in the field using free‐air O3 concentration enrichment. Elevated [O3] treatments reduced soybean seed yield from as little as 5.3% in 2005 to 35.2% in 2010. Although cultivars differed in yield response to elevated [O3] (R), ranging from 17.5% to −76.4%, there was a significant negative correlation between R and O3 dosage. Soybean cultivars showed greater seed yield losses to elevated [O3] when grown at drier or hotter conditions compared to wetter or cooler years, because the hotter and drier conditions were associated with greater O3 treatment. However, year‐to‐year variation in weather conditions did not influence the sensitivity of soybean seed yield to a given increase in [O3]. Collectively, this study quantitatively demonstrates that, although drought conditions or warmer temperatures led to greater O3 treatment concentrations and O3‐induced seed yield reduction, drought and temperature stress did not alter soybean's sensitivity to O3. Our results have important implications for modeling the effects of rising O3 pollution on crops and suggest that altering irrigation practices to mitigate O3 stress may not be effective in reducing crop sensitivity to O3.
Understanding EFL teacher identity and identity tensions in a Chinese university context
Authors: Ren Beibei , Pan Xiaodi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the past few decades, teacher identity has been a popular topic in the field of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching. As a construct that is socially constructed, teacher identity is influenced by situational contexts and is not fixed but multifaceted. While many studies have examined pre‐service and novice teachers’ identities, relatively fewer paid attention to experienced language teachers’ identities and the conflicts they may encounter. This study investigates one seasoned EFL teacher's multiple identities and the tensions that existed in her identity in a Chinese university setting. Data included a semi‐structured interview, class recordings, a stimulated recall, and artifacts such as the teacher's materials for classroom teaching. Findings demonstrated that the teacher practiced three sub‐identities in her teaching, namely, an English language teacher, a guide, and an academic advisor. Additionally, tensions within her identity as an English educator were identified, consisting of the popularity of technology‐driven tools in students’ English learning activities and the need to conduct research while not possessing sufficient research skills. The pedagogical insights generated underscored the importance of teachers’ agency and institutional support in resolving the tensions to facilitate experienced language teachers’ ongoing professional development and identity construction.
CLEAVAGE RATE AND MORPHOLOGY OF EARLY HUMAN EMBRYOS OBTAINED AFTER ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZATION AND CULTURE
Authors: Sundström Per , Nilsson Ove , Liedholm Percy 
Published: September 2024

Ovarian follicles were aspirated at midcycle from 193 women admitted to the hospital because of infertility or for legal sterilization. Eighteen women had not received prior hormone stimulation and 175 had been stimulated either with Clomiphene citrate and hCG or with hCG alone.Preovulatory oocytes could not be obtained from any of the women in the non‐stimulated group, but were obtained from 86 (49%) in the stimulated group. Of these 86, oocytes from 63 women were cultured successfully and from 47 (75%) cleavage occurred. The most advanced stages observed were about 10‐cell embryos, but no attempts were made to culture them further. Almost all the oocytes which cleaved were obtained from women in whom the progesterone level started to rise from the basal level within 24 hours of the operation.Eight cleaved oocytes were taken for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Early cleavage stages showed spheroidal mitochondria with a few peripheral cristae, while the number of elongated mitochondria with transverse cristae increased in later stages. Mitochondria—vesicle complexes, consisting of a vesicle filled with a dense substance and surrounded by 5–15 mitochondria, were observed in early (but not in more advanced) embryos. The complex is probably part of a transport system from the nucleus to the mitochondria. In the later stages, a type of granulated vesicle appeared. Thus, some changes occurred in tact with the degree of development, while no differences could be seen between oocytes with differing cleavage rates.
STIMULATION OF LABOR IN CASES OF PREMATURE RUPTURE OF THE MEMBRANES AT OR NEAR TERM
Authors: Lange Aksel P. , Secher Niels J. , Nielsen Folmer Hassing , Pedersen Gunnar Thomsen 
Published: September 2024

Prostaglandin E2‐tablets were compared to in‐ravenous oxytocin for the stimulation of labor in 201 patients at or near term, with premature spontaneous rupture of the membranes without labor activity for 6 hours after the escape of fluid. The patients were randomly allocated; 99 were treated with PGE2‐tablets (0.5–1.5 mg/hour) and 102 with intravenous oxytocin (7.5–45 mIU/min).The treatment was ineffective in the PGE2 group in 3 cases; these were treated successfully with intravenous oxytocin. In the oxytocin group, 3 patients were delivered by cesarean section for reasons not associated with the drug. A significant difference was found in the stimulation‐delivery time, in favor of intravenous oxytocin.Although PGE2 tablets are a safe and convenient alternative to intravenous oxytocin, the investigation showed that intravenous oxytocin is preferable in cases of premature rupture of the membranes with more than 6 hours without labor activity.
Causal association between B cell count and psoriasis using two‐sample Mendelian randomization
Authors: Zhao Zongfeng , Cheng Jie , Zhu Jian , Lu Sheng , Lv Hongli , Wu Xiujuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo investigate the causality between B cell count and psoriasis by Mendelian randomization (MR). Collected B cell count and psoriasis data from IEU Open GWAS Project. Employed inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR‐Egger, WM, weighted mode for analysis, ensuring result robustness. Assessed horizontal pleiotropy with MR‐Egger, detected outliers using MR‐PRESSO and examined instrumental variables heterogeneity with Cochran's Q‐test. The IVW method suggested an association between a genetically predicted memory B cell count and the risk of psoriasis vulgaris. IVW results also showed no causality between other exposure factors and the corresponding outcomes. Also, the global test of MR‐PRESSO analysis showed a significant association between a genetically predicted transitional absolute B cell count and the lower risk of psoriasis vulgaris. MR‐Egger regression showed that horizontal pleiotropy did not influence the analysis results. We found that memory B cell absolute counts are associated with a lower risk of psoriasis. These data further elucidate the role of memory B cells in psoriasis and provide new options for psoriasis treatment.
Import competition, credit reallocation, and small business lending
Authors: Deng Saiying , Pu Xiaoling 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUsing import competition from China as a funding shock, we find that banks curtail small business loans in non‐exposed counties, while preserving their core markets with branch presence. The results are robust to alternative measures of bank exposure to import competition, alternative classifications of exposed counties, placebo tests, reverse causality, and others. Bank capital mitigates the propagation of trade shocks to non‐exposed counties, and banks increase small business lending in non‐exposed counties with less social capital. We also document the effects of import competition on local establishments and private sector wages of non‐exposed counties via the bank lending channel.
The effects of applying artificial intelligence to triage in the emergency department: A systematic review of prospective studies
Authors: Yi Nayeon , Baik Dain , Baek Gumhee 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionAccurate and rapid triage can reduce undertriage and overtriage, which may improve emergency department flow. This study aimed to identify the effects of a prospective study applying artificial intelligence‐based triage in the clinical field.DesignSystematic review of prospective studies.MethodsCINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, ProQuest, KISS, and RISS were searched from March 9 to April 18, 2023. All the data were screened independently by three researchers. The review included prospective studies that measured outcomes related to AI‐based triage. Three researchers extracted data and independently assessed the study's quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) protocol.ResultsOf 1633 studies, seven met the inclusion criteria for this review. Most studies applied machine learning to triage, and only one was based on fuzzy logic. All studies, except one, utilized a five‐level triage classification system. Regarding model performance, the feed‐forward neural network achieved a precision of 33% in the level 1 classification, whereas the fuzzy clip model achieved a specificity and sensitivity of 99%. The accuracy of the model's triage prediction ranged from 80.5% to 99.1%. Other outcomes included time reduction, overtriage and undertriage checks, mistriage factors, and patient care and prognosis outcomes.ConclusionTriage nurses in the emergency department can use artificial intelligence as a supportive means for triage. Ultimately, we hope to be a resource that can reduce undertriage and positively affect patient health.Protocol RegistrationWe have registered our review in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD 42023415232).
Beyond fads and magic bullets: The promise of behavioral approaches in development economics
Authors: Flechtner Svenja 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe history of development economics has been portrayed as a succession of fads and magic bullets. This study inquires whether behavioral approaches to economic development are destined to become such a fad or whether they have long‐lasting contributions to offer. I first show that behavioral development economics is not a cohesive field with a consensual definition and propose to distinguish three different views of behavioral development economics: the scarcity view, the non‐optimal behavior view, and the psycho‐social‐cultural view. I provide a systematic review of publications in the field of behavioral development economics from 2000 to 2021, distinguishing these three fields. The nonoptimal view has been, by far, the dominant view, and risk and time preferences stand out as the single‐most studied behavioral mechanisms. Finally, I argue that the sub‐field's ability to advance the understanding of behavior relevant to the persistence or alleviation of poverty depends crucially on the inclusion of the psycho‐social‐cultural view. This view has important contributions to offer in terms of (1) the understanding of seemingly nonrational behavior, (2) the identification and measurement of behavioral mechanisms, and (3) the understanding of conditions of external validity, and should be embraced more enthusiastically.
Increased miscarriage rate is associated with at least four components of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection embryo transfer cycle
Authors: Dai Ziyi , Chen Yufeng , Liu Chang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the association between the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and reproductive outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing their first in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryo transfer cycle.MethodsThis is a retrospective study that included 720 women with PCOS from January 2018 to December 2021. Anthropometric, biochemical, and reproductive data of the study subjects were collected from electronic medical record. Women with PCOS met <3, 3, and >3 criteria of MetS were classified in group 1, 2, and 3, respectively.ResultsThe miscarriage rate in women with MetS was significantly higher than that in non‐MetS group (23.2% vs. 14.2%, p = 0.03). There was a significant increasing trend in miscarriage rate from group 1 to group 3 (p for trend <0.05). The miscarriage rate in group 3 was significantly higher than that in group 1 (29.3% vs. 14.2%, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed that women with at least four components of MetS (group 3) were independently associated with a high risk of miscarriage, with the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for group 2 and 3 versus group 1 were 1.38 (0.67–2.82) and 2.46 (1.06–5.74), respectively (p for trend = 0.04).ConclusionsPCOS women accompanied with at least four diagnostic criteria of MetS is independently associated with increased miscarriage rate when undergoing their first IVF or ICSI cycle.
Diagnostic accuracy of Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition to identify abnormal or delayed gross motor development in high‐risk infants
Authors: Danks Marcella T , Gray Peter H , Hurrion Elizabeth M 
Published: September 2024

AimTo investigate the diagnostic accuracy of parent‐completed Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ‐3) to identify abnormal or delayed gross motor development in infants born less than 1000 g or less than 28 weeks gestation.MethodsProspective cohort study of high‐risk infants comparing ASQ‐3 as the index test with concurrent score on Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) as the reference standard, at 4‐, 8‐ and 12‐month corrected (post‐term) age. Reference standard positivity cut‐offs were ‘Abnormal motor development’ (AIMS Clinical Range) and ‘Motor delay’ (AIMS score >1 SD below mean, not captured in Clinical Range).ResultsParticipating infants (n = 191) had mean gestational age (95% confidence interval (CI)) 26.8 weeks (26.6–27.1) and mean birthweight (95% CI) 870 g (844–896). AIMS rated 51%, 31% and 23% of infants as having ‘Abnormal motor development’ and 12%, 28% and 13% with ‘Motor delay’, at 4, 8 and 12 months, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of ASQ‐3 to identify abnormal motor development was acceptable for older infants only if ‘Monitor’ cut‐off was used: sensitivity (95% CI) 33% (23–44), 86% (73–95) and 80% (63–92) and specificity (95% CI) 84% (74–92), 76% (66–84), and 76% (67–83) at 4, 8 and 12 months, respectively. ASQ‐3 sensitivity to identify motor delay was low.ConclusionsASQ‐3 has poor sensitivity to identify abnormal or delayed motor development at 4 months. Using the ‘Monitor’ cut‐off improves the diagnostic accuracy of ASQ‐3 for identification of older infants with abnormal motor development who are at high risk of motor disability. However, ASQ‐3 has poor sensitivity to identify motor delay. Clinical motor assessment of high‐risk infants is recommended, particularly in early infancy.
Multiparametric Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) Fruit Textural Trait Development for Harvest and Postharvest Evaluation in Representative Cultivars
Authors: Lopez‐Moreno Hector , Phillips Matthew , Diaz‐Garcia Luis , Torres‐Meraz Maria , Jarquin Diego , Loarca Jenyne , Ikeda Shinya , Giongo Lara , Grygleski Edward , Iorizzo Massimo , Zalapa Juan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTFruit texture is a priority trait that guarantees the long‐term economic sustainability of the cranberry industry through value‐added products such as sweetened dried cranberries (SDCs). To develop a standard methodology to measure texture, we conducted a comparative analysis of 22 textural traits using five different methods under both harvest and postharvest conditions in 10 representative cranberry cultivars. A set of textural traits from the 10%‐strain compression and puncture methods were identified that differentiate between cultivars primarily based on hardness/stiffness and elasticity properties. The complementary use of both methodologies allowed for a detailed evaluation by capturing the effect of key texture‐determining factors such as structure, flesh, and skin. Furthermore, the high effectiveness of this approach in different conditions and its ability to capture high phenotypic variation in cultivars highlights its great potential for applicability in various areas of the value chain and research. Therefore, this study provides an informed reference for unifying future efforts to enhance cranberry fruit texture and quality.