bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Argon plasma coagulation treatment of anal high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in men who have sex with men living with HIV: results of a 2‐year prospective pilot study
Authors: de Pokomandy A , Rouleau D , Lalonde R , Beauvais C , de Castro C , Coutlée F 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesMen who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV are at high risk for anal high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and cancer. The best management of anal HSIL remains unclear. Our objective was to assess whether argon plasma coagulation (APC) could be safe, well tolerated and efficient to treat anal HSILs in MSM living with HIV.MethodsA prospective phase II, open‐label, pilot study was conducted to evaluate APC to treat anal HSILs in 20 HIV‐positive MSM. Participants were followed for 2 years after their first treatment.ResultsTwenty men with persistent HSILs completed the 2‐year study. Their baseline median CD4 count was 490 cells/μL and 85% had undetectable HIV viral loads. Overall, 65% (13/20) of participants were clear of HSILs at their 24‐month visit. The initial response rates after the first, second and third APC treatments were 45%, 44% and 67%, respectively, but recurrences were common. The main side effect was pain during and within 1 week after the treatments. There were no long‐term side effects, nor serious adverse events related to the procedure. Cost is a drawback.ConclusionsAPC can be used to treat anal HSILs in HIV‐seropositive MSM, and requires repeated treatment because of a high recurrence rate. As successful treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection or eradication of the anal transitional zone remains impossible, HSIL treatment is challenging and requires long‐term follow‐up.
Dermoscopy of borderline tuberculoid leprosy
Authors: Ankad Balachandra S. , Sakhare Punit S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionLeprosy is a chronic granulomatous condition caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy is the most common type of leprosy and presents with large, well‐ to ill‐defined hypopigmented patches. It is known for atypical presentations. Dermoscopy of granulomatous conditions is well documented. However, there is no description of dermoscopy of BT leprosy in the literature. Authors evaluated the dermoscopic patterns of BT leprosy.Case reportPatients with BT leprosy were studied for dermoscopic patterns. A total of 12 patients (8 male, 4 female) with a median age of 25 years were present. Mean duration of disease was 6 months. The most frequent pattern was white areas (100%) followed by decreased density of hairs. Yellow globules were observed in 8 (66.66%) patients. Decreased white dots (represent sweat duct openings) and branching vessels were noted in 6 (50%) and 4 (33.33%) patients, respectively.ConclusionThis is the first report of dermoscopy of BT leprosy in the literature, and new dermoscopic observations were made by the authors. Dermoscopy of BT leprosy shows characteristic patterns, thus it adds valuable information for the diagnosis of BT leprosy.
Colorectal cancer in Taiwan: A case‐control retrospective analysis of the impact of a case management programme on refusal and discontinuation of treatment
Authors: Chiang Ting‐Yu , Wang Chao‐Hui , Lin Yu‐Fen , You Jeng‐Fu , Chen Jinn‐Shiun , Chen Shu‐Ching 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimsThe purposes of this study were to identify the impact of a case management programme on the related factors of refusing treatment or discontinuing treatment in Taiwanese colorectal cancer patients.BackgroundSide effects of anti‐cancer treatments are associated with refusing treatment and discontinuing treatment.DesignThis case–control study, longitudinal database and secondary analysis of population‐based data was conducted from 2009–2012.MethodsLogistic regression was used to reveal the factors related to refusing or discontinuing treatment.ResultsOf the 68 patients who refused treatment, the top reasons for refusing treatment were patients or their family considered the patients poor physical condition, difficulty in enduring any condition likely to cause physical discomfort from the disease treatment, selected complementary and alternative medicine, patients or their families or friends experienced negative treatment effects and worried about the side effects of treatment, older age, poor family support and lost contact. Of the 278 patients who discontinued treatment, the most common reasons for discontinuing treatment were patients or their families or friends experienced negative treatment effects and worried about the side effects of treatment, inconvenient transportation, patients or their family considered the patients poor physical condition, difficulty in enduring any condition likely to cause physical discomfort from the disease treatment, poor treatment effect and selected complementary and alternative medicine.ConclusionCase managers can provide positive communication and available resources in relation to cancer treatment. A case management programme can help patients cope with the difficulties encountered during the treatment period.
Healthy lifestyle behaviours for people with intellectual disabilities: An exploration of organizational barriers and enablers
Authors: O'Leary Lisa , Taggart Laurence , Cousins Wendy 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe health‐related behaviours of people with intellectual disabilities may be determined by organisational influences. This innovative study aimed to explore managers’ and staffs’ perspectives on organisational influences on the promotion of healthy behaviours for this population.MethodA qualitative methodology was employed. Four focus groups with staff and eleven telephone interviews with managers were undertaken across three residential services in one region (Northern Ireland) of the UK. Transcripts were analysed thematically.FindingsThe organisations involved in this study did not have the cultural ethos or capacity to sustain consistent support for staff involvement in health promotion. Organisational support and outcome‐focused strategies are recommended for encouraging staff involvement in health promotion activities.ConclusionThese findings have implications for some organisations that support people with intellectual disabilities in improving the way they facilitate health promotion. They highlight the need for organisational cultures to facilitate knowledge translation and embrace evidence‐based health promotion interventions.
Sex‐specific shifts in morphology and colour pattern polymorphism during range expansion of an invasive lizard
Authors: Miller Kimberly A. , Duran Andressa , Melville Jane , Thompson Michael B. , Chapple David G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimHuman‐assisted range expansion of animals to new environments can lead to phenotypic shifts over ecological time‐scales. We investigated whether phenotypic changes are sex‐specific using an invasive lizard (Lampropholis delicata).LocationPacific region (Hawaiian Islands, Lord Howe Island, New Zealand, eastern Australia).MethodsUsing our knowledge of the introduction history of L. delicata, we examined museum specimens of individuals collected across the native and introduced range to determine whether shifts in morphology or colour pattern polymorphism had occurred during its range expansion, and if so, whether they differed between the sexes.ResultsSexual dimorphism in both size and shape was documented within the native range of the delicate skink. However, during range expansion, phenotypic shifts were observed in shape, but not size. In two of the three invasive populations, these phenotypic shifts were sex‐specific. In the Hawaiian Islands, changes in shape were driven by males, whereas in New Zealand it was due to shifts in females. Similarly, changes in the frequency of a colour pattern polymorphism, a mid‐lateral stripe shown to have sex‐specific impacts on fitness (positive in females, negative in males), occurred following colonization of the Hawaiian Islands and Lord Howe Island. In Hawaii, the incidence of the polymorphism increased over time in females, and decreased in males.Main conclusionsPhenotypic shifts during the range expansion of invasive species may be sex‐specific, and are potentially related to the degree of realized niche shift that has occurred between the source and introduced range.
Gesture recognition and sensorimotor learning‐by‐doing of motor skills in manual professions: A case study in the wheel‐throwing art of pottery
Authors: Glushkova Alina , Manitsaris Sotiris 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a methodological framework for the use of gesture recognition technologies in the learning/mastery of the gestural skills required in wheel‐throwing pottery. In the case of self‐instruction or training, learners face difficulties due to the absence of the teacher/expert and the consequent lack of guidance. Motion capture technologies, machine learning, and gesture recognition may provide a way of overcoming such issues. The proposed methodology is used to record and model expert gestures and then to compare this model in real time with the gestures performed by the learner. Differences in kinematic aspects such as hand distances are detected, and optical/sonic sensorimotor feedback is provided to the learner by the system, alerting him/her when errors occur and guiding him/her to achieve better results. In the case described here, the system was evaluated with 11 learners. With the use of our system, the gestural performance of learners during self‐training has been improved in comparison to cases of self‐training without computer assistance.
Development of the Sydney Falls Risk Screening Tool in brain injury rehabilitation: A multisite prospective cohort study
Authors: McKechnie Duncan , Fisher Murray J , Pryor Julie , Bonser Melissa , Jesus Jhoven De 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo develop a falls risk screening tool (FRST) sensitive to the traumatic brain injury rehabilitation population.BackgroundFalls are the most frequently recorded patient safety incident within the hospital context. The inpatient traumatic brain injury rehabilitation population is one particular population that has been identified as at high risk of falls. However, no FRST has been developed for this patient population. Consequently in the traumatic brain injury rehabilitation population, there is the real possibility that nurses are using falls risk screening tools that have a poor clinical utility.DesignMultisite prospective cohort study.MethodsUnivariate and multiple logistic regression modelling techniques (backward elimination, elastic net and hierarchical) were used to examine each variable's association with patients who fell. The resulting FRST's clinical validity was examined.ResultsOf the 140 patients in the study, 41 (29%) fell. Through multiple logistic regression modelling, 11 variables were identified as predictors for falls. Using hierarchical logistic regression, five of these were identified for inclusion in the resulting falls risk screening tool: prescribed mobility aid (such as, wheelchair or frame), a fall since admission to hospital, impulsive behaviour, impaired orientation and bladder and/or bowel incontinence. The resulting FRST has good clinical validity (sensitivity = 0.9; specificity = 0.62; area under the curve = 0.87; Youden index = 0.54). The tool was significantly more accurate (p = .037 on DeLong test) in discriminating fallers from nonfallers than the Ontario Modified STRATIFY FRST.ConclusionA FRST has been developed using a comprehensive statistical framework, and evidence has been provided of this tool's clinical validity.Relevance to clinical practiceThe developed tool, the Sydney Falls Risk Screening Tool, should be considered for use in brain injury rehabilitation populations.
The epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in women of reproductive age in highly endemic areas in China
Authors: Zheng H. , Cui F. Q. , Wang F. Z. , Huang L. F. , Shao X. P. , Du J. F. , Li J. , Zhou Y. , Zheng H. Z. , Zhuo J. T. , Zeng X. X. , Zhang G. M. , Miao N. , Sun X. J. , Liang X. F. , Luo H. M. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryWe describe the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among women of reproductive age residing in areas of China that are highly endemic for chronic HBV, and provide evidence useful for decision‐makers to guide strategies for preventing mother‐to‐child transmission of HBV, and assess the impact of perinatal transmission PMTCT by projecting HBsAg prevalence trends without interventions. We conducted a cross‐sectional HBV serological survey of women, 15‐49 years of age, residing in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces. Demographic and other subject‐level data were collected in face‐to‐face interviews, after which we obtain blood specimens. Specimens were tested for HBV sero‐markers by ELISA (Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy), and HBV DNA was tested with PCR (Hunan Sansure Biotech). Weighted HBsAg and HBV (either HBsAg+ or anti‐HBc+ indicating either present or past infection) prevalences were 11.82% and 57.16%, respectively. Among the HBsAg‐positive women, 27% were also HBeAg positive. The proportion of individuals with HBV DNA loads >105IU/mL declined with increasing age. Among HBsAg‐negative women, 0.9% had occult HBV infection. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection among reproductive women in these highly endemic provinces is high, posing a threat to maternal health and risk of mother‐to‐child transmission. Prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission remains critically important.
Hepatitis E virus as a cause of acute hepatitis acquired in Switzerland
Authors: Fraga Montserrat , Doerig Christopher , Moulin Hervé , Bihl Florian , Brunner Felix , Müllhaupt Beat , Ripellino Paolo , Semela David , Stickel Felix , Terziroli Beretta‐Piccoli Benedetta , Aubert Vincent , Telenti Amalio , Greub Gilbert , Sahli Roland , Moradpour Darius 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundAutochthonous hepatitis E is increasingly recognized as zoonotic infection in western countries. Serological assays have varying sensitivity and specificity.MethodsWe implemented molecular testing to identify and characterize acute hepatitis E acquired in Switzerland.ResultsNinety‐three cases of mostly symptomatic acute hepatitis E acquired in Switzerland were documented by PCR between November 2011 and December 2016. Median HEV RNA was 7.5 x 104 IU/mL (range, 5.3 to 4.7 x 107 IU/mL). HEV genotyping was successful in 78 patients, revealing genotype 3 in 75 and genotype 4 in three patients. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a few limited geographical and temporal clusters. Of the 91 patients with available anti‐HEV IgM serology, four were negative; three of these were also IgG‐negative, likely as a result of immunosuppression, and one was IgG‐positive, a constellation compatible with HEV reinfection. Median age of the patients was 58 years (range, 20‐80 years); 71 (76.3%) were men and 49 of these (69.0%) were ≥ 50 years old. The clinical course was particularly severe in patients with underlying chronic liver disease, with fatal outcome in two patients. Six patients (6.5%) presented with neuralgic amyotrophy.ConclusionsNucleic acid‐based diagnosis reveals HEV as a relevant cause of acute hepatitis in Switzerland. Middle‐aged and elderly men constitute the majority of symptomatic patients. Testing for HEV should be included early in the diagnostic workup of acute hepatitis and of neuralgic amyotrophy, a typical extrahepatic manifestation of HEV genotype 3 infection.
Effect of Listening to Music on Patient Anxiety and Pain Perception during Urodynamic Study: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Öztürk Erdem , Hamidi Nurullah , Yikilmaz Taha N. , Özcan Cihat , Başar Halil 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveUrodynamic studies (UDS) include assessments of the physics and physiology of the lower urinary tract (LUT). It is an invasive test and patients can feel fear and anxiety, especially at the beginning of the test. The aim of this study was to determine whether listening to music during urodynamic study decreases patient anxiety and pain.MethodsSixty‐two patients who underwent urodynamic study were randomized into the following groups: no music (group 1, n = 30) or classical music (group 2, n = 32) during the procedure. Patient anxiety levels were quantified using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used for self‐assessment of discomfort and willingness among patients to have a repeat urodynamic study.ResultsDemographic characteristics, mean age, duration of procedure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and heart rate before procedure were statistically significantly similar between the two groups. Statistically significant differences were detected between the two groups in the mean pain score on VAS (4.1 ± 1.4 vs 2.6 ± 1.8), mean post‐procedural STAI score (46 ± 5.8 vs 37.3 ± 5) and mean BAI score (14.2 ± 1.7 vs 3.5 ± 0.7). SBP and DBP and heart rate were similar between the groups.ConclusionMusic is a cheap, safe and effective intervention that has gained increasing recognition as an effective tool to reduce pain and anxiety. Listening to music during urodynamic study reduced patient pain and anxiety.
Updating and Not Shifting Predicts Learning Performance in Young and Middle‐Aged Adults
Authors: Gijselaers Hieronymus J. M. , Meijs Celeste , Neroni Joyce , Kirschner Paul A. , de Groot Renate H. M. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to investigate whether single executive function (EF) tests were predictive for learning performance in mainly young and middle‐aged adults. The tests measured shifting and updating. Processing speed was also measured. In an observational study, cognitive performance and learning performance were measured objectively in 851 adult students and analyzed using multiple linear regression. EFs and processing speed were measured via cognitive tests. Learning performance was evaluated after 14 months. The results show that updating performance is predictive for learning performance, with a small effect size, while shifting performance was not. This means that a single updating test has predictive value for learning performance acquired over a longer period of time. However, as the effect size is rather small, the test on its own does not serve as a proper selection tool for determining whether a student will be successful or not.
Targeted conservative formation of cointegrates between two DNA molecules containing IS26 occurs via strand exchange at either IS end
Authors: Harmer Christopher J. , Hall Ruth M. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryWe recently proposed a model for targeted, conservative cointegrate formation between DNA molecules each containing a copy of IS26, that involves Tnp26‐catalyzed strand exchange occurring at either the two left ends or the two right ends of the IS. Here, this model was validated by altering the bases at the outer left terminus, right terminus or both termini of one IS26. The correct bases at both ends were required in the untargeted replicative mode. However, when only one end was altered in one participating IS the frequency of targeted, conservative cointegrate formation was not reduced. The distribution of the altered bases in the cointegrates confirmed that the reaction occurred at the end where the terminal bases of both IS were correct, and cointegrates were not formed when both ends of the same IS were altered. The terminal bases of the active IS26 were also required to support deletion of the aphA1a translocatable unit (TU) from Tn4352B. The choices made by an incoming TU with a wild‐type IS26 when the target plasmid included one wild‐type IS26 and one with a frameshift in tnp26 demonstrated that Tnp26 exhibits a strong preference for cis action.
Residents' perceptions of the most positive and negative aspects of the housing situation for people with psychiatric disabilities
Authors: Brolin Rosita , Syrén Susanne , Rask Mikael , Sandgren Anna , Brunt David 
Published: August 2017

The major aim of the present study was to explore what people with psychiatric disabilities, living in two different types of housing, consider to be the best and the worst in their housing situation. A secondary aim was to explore to what extent additional questions to a questionnaire with a free‐response format can provide complementary information to the previous knowledge in the field. The content analysis revealed that the physical attributes were of great significance for the residents in ordinary housing, while both psychosocial aspects and physical attributes were important for those living in supported housing. When providing good housing solutions for people with psychiatric disabilities, attention needs to be given to these aspects by politicians, policymakers as well as by nursing staff.
Introducing the nurse practitioner into the surgical ward: an ethnographic study of interprofessional teamwork practice
Authors: Kvarnström Susanne , Jangland Eva , Dahlgren Madeleine Abrandt 
Published: August 2017

AimThe first nurse practitioners in surgical care were introduced into Swedish surgical wards in 2014. Internationally, organisations that have adopted nurse practitioners into care teams are reported to have maintained or improved the quality of care. However, close qualitative descriptions of teamwork practice may add to existing knowledge of interprofessional collaboration when introducing nurse practitioners into new clinical areas. The aim was to report on an empirical study describing how interprofessional teamwork practice was enacted by nurse practitioners when introduced into surgical ward teams.Methods and resultsThe study had a qualitative, ethnographic research design, drawing on a sociomaterial conceptual framework. The study was based on 170 hours of ward‐based participant observations of interprofessional teamwork practice that included nurse practitioners. Data were gathered from 2014 to 2015 across four surgical sites in Sweden, including 60 interprofessional rounds. The data were analysed with an iterative reflexive procedure involving inductive and theory‐led approaches. The study was approved by a Swedish regional ethics committee (Ref. No.: 2014/229‐31). The interprofessional teamwork practice enacted by the nurse practitioners that emerged from the analysis comprised a combination of the following characteristic role components: clinical leader, bridging team colleague and ever‐present tutor. These role components were enacted at all the sites and were prominent during interprofessional teamwork practice.ConclusionThe participant nurse practitioners utilised the interprofessional teamwork practice arrangements to enact a role that may be described in terms of a quality guarantee, thereby contributing to the overall quality and care flow offered by the entire surgical ward team.