bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Pathways: Targeting DNA Repair Pathway Defects Enriched in Metastasis
Authors: Corcoran Niall M. , Clarkson Michael J. , Stuchbery Ryan , Hovens Christopher M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The maintenance of a pristine genome, free from errors, is necessary to prevent cellular transformation and degeneration. When errors in DNA are detected, DNA damage repair (DDR) genes and their regulators are activated to effect repair. When these DDR pathways are themselves mutated or aberrantly downregulated, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders can ensue. Multiple lines of evidence now indicate, however, that defects in key regulators of DNA repair pathways are highly enriched in human metastasis specimens and hence may be a key step in the acquisition of metastasis and the ability of localized disease to disseminate. Some of the key regulators of checkpoints in the DNA damage response are the TP53 protein and the PARP enzyme family. Targeting of these pathways, especially through PARP inhibition, is now being exploited therapeutically to effect significant clinical responses in subsets of individuals, particularly in patients with ovarian cancer or prostate cancer, including cancers with a marked metastatic burden. Targeting DNA repair–deficient tumors with drugs that take advantage of the fundamental differences between normal repair–proficient cells and repair-deficient tumors offers new avenues for treating advanced disease in the future. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3132–7. ©2016 AACR.
Infiltrating T Cells Promote Bladder Cancer Progression via Increasing IL1→Androgen Receptor→HIF1α→VEGFa Signals
Authors: Tao Le , Qiu Jianxin , Jiang Ming , Song Wenbin , Yeh Shuyuan , Yu Hong , Zang Lijuan , Xia Shujie , Chang Chawnshang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment impacts tumor progression and individual cells, including CD4+ T cells, which have been detected in bladder cancer tissues. The detailed mechanism of how these T cells were recruited to the bladder cancer tumor and their impact on bladder cancer progression, however, remains unclear. Using a human clinical bladder cancer sample survey and in vitro coculture system, we found that bladder cancer has a greater capacity to recruit T cells than surrounding normal bladder tissues. The consequences of higher levels of recruited T cells in bladder cancer included increased bladder cancer metastasis. Mechanism dissection revealed that infiltrating T cells might function through secreting the cytokine IL1, which increases the recruitment of T cells to bladder cancer and enhances the bladder cancer androgen receptor (AR) signaling that results in increased bladder cancer cell invasion via upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α)/VEGFa expression. Interruption of the IL1→AR→HIF1α→VEGFa signals with inhibitors of HIF1α or VEGFa partially reversed the enhanced bladder cancer cell invasion. Finally, in vivo mouse models of xenografted bladder cancer T24 cells with CD4+ T cells confirmed in vitro coculture studies and concluded that infiltrating CD4+ T cells can promote bladder cancer metastasis via modulation of the IL1→AR→HIF1α→VEGFa signaling. Future clinical trials using small molecules to target this newly identified signaling pathway may facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches to better suppress bladder cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1943–51. ©2016 AACR.
Cetuximab Resistance in Squamous Carcinomas of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract Is Driven by Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Plasticity: Potential for mAb Mixtures
Authors: Kjær Ida , Lindsted Trine , Fröhlich Camilla , Olsen Jesper Velgaard , Horak Ivan David , Kragh Michael , Pedersen Mikkel Wandahl 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) arising in upper parts of the aerodigestive tract are among the leading causes of death worldwide. EGFR has been found to play an essential role in driving the malignancy of SCC of the upper aerodigestive tract (SCCUAT), but, despite this, clinical results using a range of different EGFR-targeted agents have been disappointing. Cetuximab is currently the only EGFR-targeted agent approved by the FDA for treatment of SCCUAT. However, intrinsic and acquired cetuximab resistance is a major problem for effective therapy. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for cetuximab resistance is valuable for development of the next generation of antibody therapeutics. In order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of cetuximab resistance in SCCUAT, we established from cetuximab-sensitive models cell lines with acquired resistance to cetuximab by continuous selective pressure in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that resistant clones maintain partial dependency on EGFR and that receptor tyrosine kinase plasticity mediated by HER3 and IGF1R plays an essential role. A multitarget mAb mixture against EGFR, HER3, and IGF1R was able to overcome cetuximab resistance in vitro. To our surprise, these findings could be extended to include SCCUAT cell lines with intrinsic resistance to cetuximab, suggesting that the triad consisting of EGFR, HER3, and IGF1R plays a key role in SCCUAT. Our results thus provide a rationale for simultaneous targeting of EGFR, HER3, and IGF1R in SCCUAT. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1614–26. ©2016 AACR.
Suppression of SRC Signaling Is Effective in Reducing Synergy between Glioblastoma and Stromal Cells
Authors: Calgani Alessia , Vignaroli Giulia , Zamperini Claudio , Coniglio Federica , Festuccia Claudio , Di Cesare Ernesto , Gravina Giovanni Luca , Mattei Claudia , Vitale Flora , Schenone Silvia , Botta Maurizio , Angelucci Adriano 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Glioblastoma cells efficiently interact with and infiltrate the surrounding normal tissue, rendering surgical resection and adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy ineffective. New therapeutic targets, able to interfere with glioblastoma's capacity to synergize with normal brain tissue, are currently under investigation. The compound Si306, a pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative, selected for its favorable activity against SRC, was tested in vitro and in vivo on glioblastoma cell lines. In vivo, combination treatment with Si306 and radiotherapy was strongly active in reducing U-87 xenograft growth with respect to control and single treatments. The histology revealed a significant difference in the stromal compartment of tumoral tissue derived from control or radiotherapy-treated samples with respect to Si306-treated samples, showing in the latter a reduced presence of collagen and α-SMA–positive cells. This effect was paralleled in vitro by the capacity of Si306 to interfere with myofibroblastic differentiation of normal fibroblasts induced by U-87 cells. In the presence of Si306, TGF-β released by U-87 cells, mainly in hypoxia, was ineffective in upregulating α-SMA and β-PDGFR in fibroblasts. Si306 efficiently reached the brain and significantly prolonged the survival of mice orthotopically injected with U-87 cells. Drugs that target SRC could represent an effective therapeutic strategy in glioblastoma, able to block positive paracrine loop with stromal cells based on the β-PDGFR axis and the formation of a tumor-promoting microenvironment. This approach could be important in combination with conventional treatments in the effort to reduce tumor resistance to therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1535–44. ©2016 AACR.
The Propagation of Tsunami-Generated Acoustic–Gravity Waves in the Atmosphere
Authors: Wu Yue , Llewellyn Smith Stefan G. , Rottman James W. , Broutman Dave , Minster Jean-Bernard H. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Tsunami-generated acoustic–gravity waves have been observed to propagate in the atmosphere up to the ionosphere, where they have an impact on the total electron content. The authors simulate numerically the propagation of two-dimensional linear acoustic–gravity waves in an atmosphere with vertically varying stratification and horizontal background winds. The authors’ goal is to compare the difference in how much energy reaches the lower ionosphere up to an altitude of 180 km, where the atmosphere is assumed to be anelastic or fully compressible. The authors consider three specific atmospheric cases: a uniformly stratified atmosphere without winds, an idealized case with a wind jet, and a realistic case with an atmospheric profile corresponding to the 2004 Sumatra tsunami. Results show that for the last two cases, the number and height of turning points are different for the anelastic and compressible assumptions, and the net result is that compressibility enhances the total transmission of energy through the whole atmosphere.
Negotiating identity and self-image: perceptions of falls in ambulatory individuals with spinal cord injury – a qualitative study
Authors: Jørgensen Vivien , Roaldsen Kirsti Skavberg 
Published: May 2016

Objective: Explore and describe experiences and perceptions of falls, risk of falling, and fall-related consequences in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) who are still walking. Design: A qualitative interview study applying interpretive content analysis with an inductive approach. Setting: Specialized rehabilitation hospital. Subjects: A purposeful sample of 15 individuals (10 men), 23 to 78 years old, 2-34 years post injury with chronic incomplete traumatic SCI, and walking ⩾75% of time for mobility needs. Methods: Individual, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were recorded, condensed, and coded to find themes and subthemes. Results: One overarching theme was revealed: “Falling challenges identity and self-image as normal” which comprised two main themes “Walking with incomplete SCI involves minimizing fall risk and fall-related concerns without compromising identity as normal” and “Walking with incomplete SCI implies willingness to increase fall risk in order to maintain identity as normal”. Informants were aware of their increased fall risk and took precautions, but willingly exposed themselves to risky situations when important to self-identity. All informants expressed some conditional fall-related concerns, and a few experienced concerns limiting activity and participation. Conclusion: Ambulatory individuals with incomplete SCI considered falls to be a part of life. However, falls interfered with the informants’ identities and self-images as normal, healthy, and well-functioning. A few expressed dysfunctional concerns about falling, and interventions should target these.
In vitrotransdifferentiation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to photoreceptor-like cells
Authors: Komuta Yukari , Ishii Toshiyuki , Kaneda Makoto , Ueda Yasuji , Miyamoto Kiyoko , Toyoda Masashi , Umezawa Akihiro , Seko Yuko 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTDirect reprogramming is a promising, simple and low-cost approach to generate target cells from somatic cells without using induced pluripotent stem cells. Recently, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have attracted considerable attention as a somatic cell source for reprogramming. As a cell source, PBMCs have an advantage over dermal fibroblasts with respect to the ease of collecting tissues. Based on our studies involving generation of photosensitive photoreceptor cells from human iris cells and human dermal fibroblasts by transduction of photoreceptor-related transcription factors via retrovirus vectors, we transduced these transcription factors into PBMCs via Sendai virus vectors. We found that retinal disease-related genes were efficiently detected in CRX-transduced cells, most of which are crucial to photoreceptor functions. In functional studies, a light-induced inward current was detected in some CRX-transduced cells. Moreover, by modification of the culture conditions including additional transduction of RAX1 and NEUROD1, we found a greater variety of retinal disease-related genes than that observed in CRX-transduced PBMCs. These data suggest that CRX acts as a master control gene for reprogramming PBMCs into photoreceptor-like cells and that our induced photoreceptor-like cells might contribute to individualized drug screening and disease modeling of inherited retinal degeneration.
A Clean Source of B atoms without Using Explosive Boron Compounds
Authors: Umemoto Hironobu , Miyata Atsushi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Efficient sustained release of B atoms, sufficient for doping to semiconductor substrates, was achieved when W wires boronized by NH3BH3/H2 were heated in the presence of H2. The B-atom density in the gas phase was on the order of 1011 cm−3 and could be kept constant more than 240 min.
Facile Synthesis of Water-Soluble Cationic Tin(IV) Porphyrins and Water-Insoluble Tin(IV) Porphyrins in Water at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Thomas Arun , Kuttassery Fazalurahman , Remello Seabatian Nybin , Mathew Siby , Yamamoto Daisuke , Onuki Satomi , Nabetani Yu , Tachibana Hiroshi , Inoue Haruo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Novel environment-benign one-pot syntheses of water-soluble porphyrins, trans-dihydroxy-5,10,15,20-tetra(N-methyl-4′-pyridiniumyl)porphyrinate tin(IV) (Sn(IV)TMPyP(OH)2) and water-insoluble trans-dihydroxy-5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrinate tin(IV) (Sn(IV)TPyP(OH)2), were found to proceed in water as solvent at room temperature with high yield (90 and 93%).
Intracerebral haemorrhage in Down syndrome: protected or predisposed?
Authors: Buss Lewis , Fisher Elizabeth , Hardy John , Nizetic Dean , Groet Jurgen , Pulford Laura , Strydom André 
Published: May 2016

Down syndrome (DS), which arises from trisomy of chromosome 21, is associated with deposition of large amounts of amyloid within the central nervous system. Amyloid accumulates in two compartments: as plaques within the brain parenchyma and in vessel walls of the cerebral microvasculature. The parenchymal plaque amyloid is thought to result in an early onsetAlzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia, a phenomenon so common amongst people with DS that it could be considered a defining feature of the condition. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene lies on chromosome 21 and its presence in three copies in DS is thought to largely drive the early onset AD. In contrast, intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), the main clinical consequence of vascular amyloidosis, is a more poorly defined feature of DS. We review recent epidemiological data on stroke (including haemorrhagic stroke) in order to make comparisons with a rare form of familial AD due to duplication (i.e. having three copies) of the APP region on chromosome 21, here called ‘dup-APP’, which is associated with more frequent and severe ICH. We conclude that although people with DS are at increased risk of ICH, this is less common than in dup-APP, suggesting the presence of mechanisms that act protectively. We review these mechanisms and consider comparative research into DS and dup-APP that may yield further pathophysiological insight.
Surgical wound assessment and documentation of nurses: an integrative review
Authors: Ding S. , Lin F. , Gillespie B.M. 
Published: May 2016

Objective: Surgical site infections (SSI) are serious complications that can lead to adverse patient outcomes such as prolonged hospital length of stay, increased health-care costs, and even death. There is an imperative worldwide to reduce the morbidity associated with SSIs. The importance of surgical wound assessment and documentation to reduce SSI complications is increasingly recognised. Evidence-based guidelines have been published internationally to highlight recommended practices. The aim of this integrated review is to evaluate current surgical wound assessment and documentation practices of nurses in order to inform future evidence-based research on acute wound care practices. Method: Databases including CINAHL, Cochrane, Medline and Proquest Nursing were searched using key terms of ‘wound assessment’ AND ‘surgical, wound assessment’ AND ‘documentation, wound assessment’ AND ‘practice, wound assessment’ AND ‘postoperative, wound assessment’ AND ‘nurse, and wound assessment’ AND ‘surgical site infection’. Results: A total of 188 articles were identified from the database searches; searching the reference lists provided an additional 8 articles. After careful exclusion processes, a total of six papers were included in the review. Despite the recommendations around wound assessment, there is little discussion on how the clinical characteristics of surgical wounds should be assessed, the frequency of the wound assessments and to what extent wound assessments are documented in the literature. Conclusion: There is limited research evidence on acute wound assessment and documentation. Therefore, further research is needed to provide evidence for surgical nurses in relation to wound assessment and documentation practices. Declaration of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Research roundup: May 2016
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: May 2016

In brief Many statin users report muscle-related symptoms, but not all are caused by the lipid lowerer, a new study confirms. In people who could not tolerate statins because of muscle-related adverse events, evolocumab reduces levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol more than ezetimibe Proton-pump inhibitors seem to increase the risk of developing chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease Half the population of England does not know that healthy people can carry antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can spread easily. The public trust nurses as a source of information about antibiotics
Phase Composition and Magnetic Behaviour of Iron Sand from Syiah Kuala Beach Prepared by Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Jalil Zulkarnain , Sari Eva Novita , B Ismail A , Handoko Erfan 
Published: May 2016

<span>It has recently been investigated that ball milling can improve the magnetic properties of natural <span>iron sand significantly. In this work, we present the phase composition and magnetic behavior of <span>iron sand from Syiah Kuala Beach, Banda Aceh. Samples were prepared by mechanical alloying <span>method using a Fritsch planetary ball mill for 20 hours. As the results, it was shown by XRD test<br /><span>that Fe<span>3<span>O<span>4 <span>(magnetite) appears as the majority phase and the magnetic properties observation <span>shown that the magnetization saturation (Ms) and remanent (Br) was decreased with the increasing <span>of the coercivity (Hc).</span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span>
Pendugaan tingkat pemanfaatan ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) di Perairan Prigi, Jawa Timur
Authors: Setiyawan Agus 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Skipjack fishing activity in Prigi waters mostly used purse seine and troll line. The aims of the research was to determinate the utilization rate of skipjack. Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE), Maximun Sustainable Yield (MSY), and IMP were calculated from primary data of ship log book and secondary data were the statistic report of PPN Prigi from year 2000 - 2011. The research was conducted frm Februari to Nopember 2013. The result showed that fishing season occurred on June to July and from September to November, where the peak season at September with Effort value (EMSY) was 245 trip/year and number of catch sustainable (hMSY) was 1.219 ton/year. The highest Estimation of Utilization rate (196.98%) was occurred on 2002, while the lowest (73.54%) was recorded on 2011. In addition the average value was 106% indicate the overfishing, therefore it is crucial to plan the sustainable fisheries management in relation to protect the skipjack fishery in Prigi waters.Keywords: Utilization Rate; Skipjack; Prigi Waters Abstrak. Kegiatan penangkapan ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) di Perairan Prigi, sebagian besar menggunakan alat tangkap pukat cincin dan pancing tonda.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat pemanfaatan ikan cakalang. Nilai Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE), Maximum Sustainable Fisheries (MSY), dan Indeks Musim Penangkapan didapatkan dari data primer berupa log book kapal dan data sekunder berupa data statistik Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Prigi dari tahun 2000 - 2011. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari – Nopember tahun 2012. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Pola Musim Penangkapan terjadi pada bulan Juni – Juli dan September – Nopember, musim puncak penangkapan terjadi pada bulan September dengan nilai effort lestari (EMSY) sebesar 245 trip/tahun dan total hasil tangkapan lestari (hMSY) sebesar 1.219 ton/tahun. Hasil pendugaan terhadap tingkat pemanfaatan menunjukkan hasil tertinggi dengan nilai sebesar 196,98% pada tahun 2002, sedangkan nilai terendah sebesar 73,54% pada tahun 2011. Dari data menunjukkan rata – rata nilai tingkat pemanfaatan sebesar 114,9%. Diduga telah terjadi upaya penangkapan yang berlebih, jadi dibutuhkan rencana pengelolaan perikanan yang berkelanjutan untuk menjaga perikanan cakalang di Perairan Prigi.Kata Kunci: Tingkat Pemanfaatan; Cakalang; Perairan Prigi
Kajian kesesuaian lingkungan untuk pengembangan wisata di Pantai Ganting, Pulau Simeulue, Provinsi Aceh
Authors: Mutmainah Herdiana , Kusumah Gunardi , Altanto Try , Ondara Koko 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Simeulue Island is situated Indian Ocean in western part of Aceh Province, this is one of the outer island in Indonesia. Simeulue has big potency in marine resources such as clean waters and beautiful beach, coral reefs and mangrove ecosystems. Therefore, Simeulue is very promising as an ecotourism destination. The objective of present study was to evaluate the condition of the water quality and the potency for a marine ecotourism development. The feasibility study was conducted on August in Ganting Beach, Village of Kuala Makmur, Simeulue Island. The purposive random sampling method was used to determine twelve sampling stations. The measured water quality parameters were pH, temperature, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, brightness, BOD5, odors, oil and debris. These parameters were analyized and mapped using software ODV, and then compared to the sea water quality standard for marine tourism as well as the characteristics of the coast to the suitability index of recreational area. The results showed that the water quality of Ganting Beach is very suitable for recreational activities (index 77, category S1) andit is suitable for swimming and also for boating tourism activities, banana boats and jet skis (index 16, category S2).Keywords: water quality; marine tourism; Ganting Beach Abstrak. Pulau Simeulue, merupakan salah satu pulau terdepan sebelah barat Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI), dan terletak di Samudera Hindia.Simeulue memiliki potensi sumberdaya laut yang besar, diantaranya perairan yang besih dan jenih, pantai yang indah, terumbu karang dan hutan bakau, sehingga sangat berpotensi untuk dikembang menjadi tujuan wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kondisi kualitas perairan dan potensi kesesuaian wisata Pulau Simeulue.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2015 bertempat di Pantai Ganting, Kelurahan Kuala Makmur, Kabupaten Simeulue. Sebanyak 12 lokasi pengambilan sampel kualitas air ditetapkan secara purposive random sampling. Kualitas air yang diukur meliputi; pH, suhu, salinitas, kekeruhan, oksigen terlarut, kecerahan, BOD5, bau, lapisan minyak dan sampah. Data tersebut kemudian dipetakan dan dianalisis menggunakan software Ocean Data View (ODV), kemudian dibandingkan dengan baku mutu air laut untuk wisata bahari serta karakteristik pantai untuk indeks kesesuaian kawasan wisata rekreasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas perairan Pantai Ganting sangat sesuai untuk kegiatan rekreasi dan berenang (indeks 77, kategori S1) dan sesuai untuk kegiatan wisata berperahu, banana boat dan jet ski (indeks 16, kategori S2).Kata kunci:kualitas perairan; wisata bahari; Pantai Ganting.