bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology challenges of stealth unmanned combat aerial vehicles
Authors: Sepulveda E. , Smith H. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe ever-changing battlefield environment, as well as the emergence of global command and control architectures currently used by armed forces around the globe, requires the use of robust and adaptive technologies integrated into a reliable platform. Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAVs) aim to integrate such advanced technologies while also increasing the tactical capabilities of combat aircraft. This paper provides a summary of the technical and operational design challenges specific to UCAVs, focusing on high-performance, and stealth designs. After a brief historical overview, the main technology demonstrator programmes currently under development are presented. The key technologies affecting UCAV design are identified and discussed. Finally, this paper briefly presents the main issues related to airworthiness, navigation, and ethical concerns behind UAV/UCAV operations.
The stability of compressible swirling pipe flows with density stratification
Authors: Yadav Navneet K. , Samanta Arnab 
Published: June 2017

We investigate the spatial stability of compressible, viscous pipe flows with radius-dependent mean density profiles, subjected to solid body rotations. For a fixed Rossby number $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$ (inverse of the rotational speed), as the Reynolds number $Re$ is increased, the flow transitions from being stable to convectively unstable, usually leading to absolute instability. If flow compressibility is unimportant and $Re$ is held constant, there appears to be a maximum $Re$ below which the flow remains stable irrespective of any rotational speed, or a minimum azimuthal Reynolds number $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}$ $(=Re/\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})$ is required for any occurrence of absolute instabilities. Once compressible forces are significant, the effect of pressure–density coupling is found to be more severe below a critical $Re$, where as rotational speeds are raised, a stable flow almost directly transitions to an absolutely unstable state. This happens at a critical $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}$ which reduces with increased flow Mach number, pointing to compressibility aiding in the instability at these lower Reynolds numbers. However, at higher $Re$, above the critical value, the traditional stabilizing role of compressibility is recovered if mean density stratification exists, where the gradients of density play an equally important role, more so at the higher azimuthal modes. A total disturbance energy-based formulation is used to obtain mechanistic understanding at these stability states, where we find the entropic energy perturbations to dominate as the primary instability mechanism, in sharp contrast to the energy due to axial shear, known to play a leading role in incompressible swirling flows.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF INFERTILITY IN TURKEY: EVIDENCE FROM DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS, 1993–2013
Authors: Sarac Melike , Koc Ismet 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe inability to have children affects couples worldwide and causes emotional and psychological distress in both men and women. Turkey is a country that lays particular emphasis on the issue of infertility, especially after experiencing a dramatic fertility decline over the last two decades. This study aimed to understand the changes in the prevalence of infertility in Turkey using three different approaches: the DHS Approach, the Constructed Approach and the Current Duration Approach. Furthermore, the factors contributing to elevated risks of infertility as derived from the Constructed Approach were investigated using four different logistic regression models. The data came from the 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2013 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted by the Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies. The findings of the Constructed and Current Duration Approaches suggested that the prevalence of infertility decreased markedly from 1993 to 2013 in Turkey. This decline was the result of improvements in maternal health care services in Turkey, as well as an increase in the use of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), from 1.9% in 2008 to 4.1% in 2013. The results of the final logistic regression model suggested that the risk of infertility was significantly higher among women aged between 35 and 49 (p<0.01), uneducated women (p<0.01), women whose age at first marriage was over 30 (p<0.01), women defined as overweight (p<0.05) and women whose age at menarche was less than 12 years (p<0.05). This is the first nationwide study to examine the prevalence of infertility and its socio-demographic risk factors in Turkey, a developing country; previous studies have established these risk factors mainly in developed countries.
Molecular detection of Sarcocystis lutrae in the European badger (Meles meles) in Scotland
Authors: LEPORE T. , BARTLEY P. M. , CHIANINI F. , MACRAE A. I. , INNES E. A. , KATZER F. 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYNeck samples from 54 badgers and 32 tongue samples of the same badgers (Meles meles), collected in the Lothians and Borders regions of Scotland, were tested using polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) directed against the 18S ribosomal DNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region of protozoan parasites of the family Sarcocystidae. Positive results were obtained from 36/54 (67%) neck and 24/32 (75%) tongue samples using an 18S rDNA PCR. A 468 base pair consensus sequence that was generated from the 18S rDNA PCR amplicons (KX229728) showed 100% identity to Sarcocystis lutrae. The ITS1 PCR results revealed that 12/20 (60%) neck and 10/20 (50%) tongue samples were positive for Sarcocystidae DNA. A 1074 bp consensus sequence was generated from the ITS1 PCR amplicons (KX431307) and showed 100% identity to S. lutrae. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis support the finding that the rDNA found in badgers is identical to that of S. lutrae. This parasite has not been previously reported in badgers or in the UK. Sarcocystis lutrae has previously only been detected in tongue, skeletal muscle and diaphragm samples of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in Norway and potentially in the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus).
Prevalence and genetic diversity of blood parasite mixed infections in Spanish terrapins, Mauremys leprosa
Authors: MARZAL ALFONSO , IBÁÑEZ ALEJANDRO , GONZÁLEZ-BLÁZQUEZ MANUEL , LÓPEZ PILAR , MARTÍN JOSÉ 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYBlood parasites such as haemogregarines and haemosporidians have been identified in almost all groups of vertebrates and may cause serious damages to their hosts. However, very little is known about biodiversity of these parasites and their effects on some groups of reptiles such as terrapins. Moreover, the information on virulence from blood parasites mixed infection is largely unknown in reptiles. With this aim, we investigated for the first time the prevalence and genetic diversity of blood parasites from one genus of haemoparasitic aplicomplexan (Hepatozoon) in two populations of Spanish terrapins (Mauremys leprosa), a semi-aquatic turtle from southwestern Europe with a vulnerable conservation status. We also examined the association between mixed blood parasite infection and indicators of health of terrapins (body condition, haematocrit values and immune response). Blood parasite infection with Hepatozoon spp was detected in 46·4% of 140 examined terrapins. The prevalence of blood parasites infection differed between populations. We found two different lineages of blood parasite, which have not been found in previous studies. Of the turtles with infection, 5·7% harboured mixed infection by the two lineages. There was no difference in body condition between uninfected, single-infected and mixed-infected turtles, but mixed-infected individuals had the lowest values of haematocrit, thus revealing the negative effects of blood parasite mixed infections. Immune response varied among terrapins with different infection status, where mixed infected individuals had higher immune response than uninfected or single-infected terrapins.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT: REAL-WORLD EVIDENCE FOR PUBLIC HEALTHCARE SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Guerra-Júnior Augusto Afonso , Pires de Lemos Lívia Lovato , Godman Brian , Bennie Marion , Osorio-de-Castro Cláudia Garcia Serpa , Alvares Juliana , Heaney Aine , Vassallo Carlos Alberto , Wettermark Björn , Benguria-Arrate Gaizka , Gutierrez-Ibarluzea Iñaki , Santos Vania Cristina Canuto , Petramale Clarice Alegre , Acurcio Fransciso de Assis 
Published: June 2017

Objectives:Health technology financing is often based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which are often the same ones used for licensing. Because they are designed to show the best possible results, typically Phase III studies are conducted under ideal and highly controlled conditions. Consequently, it is not surprising that technologies do not always perform in real life in the same way as controlled conditions. Because financing (and price paid) decisions can be made with overestimated results, health authorities need to ask whether health systems achieve the results they expect when they choose to pay for a technology. The optimal way to answer this question is to assess the performance of financed technologies in real-world settings. Health technology performance assessment (HTpA) refers to the systematic evaluation of the properties, effects, and/or impact of a health intervention or health technology in the real world to provide information for investment/disinvestment decisions and clinical guideline updates. The objective is to describe the development and principal aspects of the Guideline for HTpA commissioned by the Brazilian Ministry of Health.Methods:Our methods used include extensive literature review, refinement with experts across countries, and public consultation.Results:A comprehensive guideline was developed, which has been adopted by the Brazilian government.Conclusion:We believe the guideline, with its particular focus on disinvestment, along with the creation of a specific program for HTpA, will allow the institutionalization and continuous improvement of the scientific methods to use real-world evidence to optimize available resources not only in Brazil but across countries.
Foucault Retires to the Gym: Understanding Embodied Aging in the Third Age
Authors: Allain Kristi A. , Marshall Barbara 
Published: June 2017

RÉSUMÉDes pressions sociales récentes ont amené une nouvelle conception du « troisième âge », qui est maintenant vu comme une période d’activité constante, et non de repos ou de relaxation. Cet article explore les pressions exercées sur les individus, qui sont poussés vers le vieillissement « réussi » à travers la pratique d’activités physiques, malgré leur avancée en âge. Il examine, par l’intermédiaire d’entretiens semi-directifs avec 15 personnes à la retraite ou en préretraite fréquentant les gyms (8 femmes, 7 hommes), comment cet appel à une activité accrue influence la perception que des adultes d’âge moyen et avancé ont d’eux-mêmes et des autres. En prenant appui sur la nature productive du pouvoir, tel que conçu par Foucault, cet article fait valoir que les individus qui se perçoivent comme des adeptes du vieillissement actif et réussi se considèrent en opposition à leurs pairs inactifs. Dans un cadre néolibéral, ces participants se définissent comme des citoyens moralement responsables qui, par leur engagement dans des activités de mise en forme physique, sont autorisés à juger et à discipliner les corps de ces « autres » qui ne peuvent pratiquer ou qui ne pratiqueront pas une activité physique régulière.
To Have and To Hold … Or Not? Deaccessioning Policies, Practices, and the Question of the Public’s Interest
Authors: Mann Deandra Rose 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:Shockwaves echoed through the media and the arts community when the Delaware Art Museum chose to deaccession pieces from its collection and when the public learned that the Detroit Institute of Arts might be forced to do the same. Further concern arose when financial troubles compelled the Corcoran Gallery of Art to merge with the National Gallery of Art and George Washington University. An examination of the climate and legal battles surrounding these events shows how these institutions chose to cope with the financial adversity that put their collections at risk and illustrates the precarious position of works in a museum’s collection when that museum experiences financial distress. This article explores the ethical, judicial, and legislative frameworks currently governing deaccessioning and ultimately advocates for new legislative solutions to guide the deaccession process in order to provide the opportunity to maintain these works in the public sphere.
Association between level of exposure to death and dying and professional quality of life among palliative care workers
Authors: Samson Tali , Shvartzman Pesach 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBackground:Exposure to the death and dying of others is an anxiety-provoking condition that can contribute to psychological stress. However, the results of empirical studies that evaluated work-related outcomes among physicians and nurses with repeated exposure to dying patients are not consistent.Objective:Our aim was to evaluate whether a high level of exposure to death and dying (LED) can increase the risk for poor professional quality of life (ProQoL) in most healthcare workers, but it can also improve ProQoL in a subset of healthcare workers with specific characteristics.Method:We employed a cross-sectional survey designed to better understand the role of LED as a predictor of ProQoL among healthcare workers.Setting and Participants:Comparison of physicians and nurses with high LED (home-based palliative care units) with a matched group of physicians and nurses with low LED (primary care units) and evaluation of possible interaction effects among LED, death anxiety (DA), and engagement as predictors of ProQoL.Results:The final sample included 110 questionnaires from the high-LED group (response rate = 39%) and 131 from the low-LED (response rate = 24%) group. Workers with high LED reported an increased level of compassion satisfaction (CS) and low to moderate levels of burnout (BU) and secondary traumatic stress (STS), with no significant differences with respect to other healthcare providers. Although levels of CS, STS, and BU did not differ between groups, a univariate MANOVA revealed that the interaction effect of LED × Engagement reduced levels of CS and that the interaction effect of LED × DA increased STS among workers with high LED.Significance of results:LED was significantly correlated with ProQoL among healthcare workers with high LED due to the reported interaction effect. These findings imply, for the first time, that there is a possible correlation between engagement and the risk for poor ProQoL among workers with high LED. Further research is essential to gain a better understanding of this issue.
Cancer-bereaved siblings' positive and negative memories and experiences of illness and death: A nationwide follow-up
Authors: Eilertsen Mary-Elizabeth Bradley , Lövgren Malin , Wallin Alexandra Eilegård , Kreicbergs Ulrika 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjective:Our aim was to explore bereaved siblings' positive and negative memories and experiences of their brother's or sister's illness and death.Method:In our nationwide Swedish study, 174 of 240 (73%) bereaved siblings participated, and 70% responded to two open-ended statements, which focused on siblings' positive and negative memories and experiences of illness and death. The data were analyzed using systematic text condensation.Results:The bereaved siblings' responses were categorized into four different themes: (1) endurance versus vulnerability, (2) family cohesion versus family conflicts, (3) growth versus stagnation, and (4) professional support versus lack of professional support. The first theme expressed endurance as the influence that the ill siblings' strong willpower, good mood, and stamina in their difficult situation had on healthy siblings, whereas vulnerability was expressed as the feeling of emptiness and loneliness involved with having an ill and dying sibling. In the second theme, family cohesion was expressed as the bonds being strengthened between family members, whereas family conflicts often led siblings to feel invisible and unacknowledged. In the third theme, most siblings expressed the feeling that they grew as individuals in the process of their brother's or sister's illness and death, whereas others experienced stagnation because of the physical and mental distress they bore throughout this time, often feeling forgotten. In the last theme—professional support—most siblings perceived physicians and staff at the hospital as being warm, kind, and honest, while some siblings had negative experiences.Significance of results:The study shows that bereaved siblings can have positive memories and experiences. The significance of the positive buffering effect on bereaved siblings' own endurance, personal growth, family cohesion, and social support should be noted. This knowledge can be valuable in showing healthcare professionals the importance of supporting the siblings of children with cancer throughout the cancer trajectory and afterwards into bereavement.
Spectroscopy of candidate electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave sources
Authors: Steele Iain A. , Copperwheat Chris M. , Piascik Andrzej S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA programme of worldwide, multi-wavelength electromagnetic follow-up of sources detected by gravitational wave detectors is in place. Following the discovery of GW150914 and GW151226, wide field imaging of their sky localisations identified a number of candidate optical counterparts which were then spectrally classified. The majority of candidates were found to be supernovae at redshift ranges similar to the GW events and were thereby ruled out as a genuine counterpart. Other candidates ruled out include AGN and Solar System objects. Given the GW sources were black hole binary mergers, the lack of an identified electromagnetic counterpart is not surprising. However the observations show that it is possible to organise and execute a campaign that can eliminate the majority of potential counterparts. Finally we note the existence of a “classification gap” with a significant fraction of candidates going unclassified.
Particle-in-cell Simulations of Global Relativistic Jets with Helical Magnetic Fields
Authors: Duţan Ioana , Nishikawa Ken-Ichi , Mizuno Yosuke , Niemiec Jacek , Kobzar Oleh , Pohl Martin , Gómez Jose L. , Pe’er Asaf , Frederiksen Jacob T. , Nordlund Åke , Meli Athina , Sol Helene , Hardee Philip E. , Hartmann Dieter H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe study the interaction of relativistic jets with their environment, using 3-dimen- sional relativistic particle-in-cell simulations for two cases of jet composition: (i) electron-proton (e− − p+) and (ii) electron-positron (e±) plasmas containing helical magnetic fields. We have performed simulations of “global” jets containing helical magnetic fields in order to examine how helical magnetic fields affect kinetic instabilities such as the Weibel instability, the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and the Mushroom instability. We have found that these kinetic instabilities are suppressed and new types of instabilities can grow. For the e− − p+ jet, a recollimation-like instability occurs and jet electrons are strongly perturbed, whereas for the e± jet, a recollimation-like instability occurs at early times followed by kinetic instability and the general structure is similar to a simulation without a helical magnetic field. We plan to perform further simulations using much larger systems to confirm these new findings.
Where is the electric current driven in the Blandford-Znajek process?
Authors: Toma Kenji , Takahara Fumio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Blandford-Znajek process, the steady electromagnetic energy extraction from a rotating black hole, is widely believed to work for driving relativistic jets, although it is still under debate where the electric current is driven. We address this issue analytically by investigating the time-dependent state in the Boyer-Lindquist and Kerr-Schild coordinate systems. This analysis suggests that a non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic region is required in the time-dependent state, while not in the steady state.
Quantum electromagnetic phenomena far from small evaporating black holes
Authors: Emelyanov Slava 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOne might expect far away from physical black holes that quantum field quantisation performed in Minkowski space is a good approximation. Indeed, all experimental tests in particle colliders reveal no deviations so far. Nevertheless, the black holes should leave certain imprints of their presence in quantum processes. In this paper, we shall discuss several local imprints of small, primordial evaporating black holes in quantum electrodynamics in the weak gravity regime. Physically this can be interpreted as being macroscopic manifestations of vacuum fluctuations.
Black holes in Einstein-Gauß-Bonnet-dilaton theory
Authors: Blázquez-Salcedo Jose Luis , Cardoso Vitor , Ferrari Valeria , Gualtieri Leonardo , Kanti Panagiota , Khoo Fech Scen , Kleihaus Burkhard , Kunz Jutta , Macedo Caio F. B. , Mojica Sindy , Pani Paolo , Radu Eugen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGeneralizations of the Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes are discussed in an astrophysically viable generalized theory of gravity, which includes higher curvature corrections in the form of the Gauss-Bonnet term, coupled to a dilaton. The angular momentum of these black holes can slightly exceed the Kerr bound. The location and the orbital frequency of particles in their innermost stable circular orbits can deviate significantly from the respective Kerr values. Study of the quasinormal modes of the static black holes gives strong evidence that they are mode stable against polar and axial perturbations. Future gravitational wave observations should improve the current bound on the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant, based on observations of the low-mass x-ray binary A 0620-00.
Open our eyes to wider fields in VLBI surveys
Authors: Rozgonyi Kristóf , Frey Sándor 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe observation and imaging of hundreds or thousands of radio sources with the technique of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) is a computationally intensive task. However, these surveys allow us to conduct statistical investigations of large source samples, and also to discover new phenomena or types of objects. The field of view of these high-resolution VLBI imaging observations is typically a few arcseconds at cm wavelengths. For practical reasons, often a much smaller fraction of the field, the central region is imaged only. With an automated process we imaged the ~1.5-arcsec radius fields around more than 1000 radio sources, and found a variety of extended radio structures. Some of them are yet unknown in the literature.
Unveiling early black holes with JWST
Authors: Natarajan Priyamvada 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe formation of direct collapse black hole seeds with masses ~104 − 105 ~M⊙ could help explain the assembly of supermassive black holes powering high redshift quasars. Conditions conducive to the formation of these massive initial seeds exist at high redshift. Halos hosting these massive seeds merge promptly with a nearby galaxy. These early stage mergers at high redshift produce a new class of transient galaxies that contain an accreting black hole that is over-massive compared to the newly acquired stellar component - Obese Black hole Galaxies (OBGs). During this phase, the accretion luminosity of the direct collapse black hole seed exceeds that of the acquired stellar component. Here we calculate the multi-wavelength spectrum of this short-lived OBG stage, and show that there exist unique observational signatures in long wavelengths spanning near, mid to far-infrared that should be detectable by instruments aboard the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).