bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of individual performance and verbal intelligence scores from resting‐state fMRI in children and adolescents
Authors: He Ningning , Kou Chao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe neuroimaging basis of intelligence remains elusive; however, there is a growing body of research employing connectome‐based predictive modeling to estimate individual intelligence scores, aiming to identify the optimal set of neuroimaging features for accurately predicting an individual's cognitive abilities. Compared to adults, the disparities in cognitive performance among children and adolescents are more likely to captivate individuals' interest and attention. Limited research has been dedicated to exploring neuroimaging markers of intelligence specifically in the pediatric population. In this study, we utilized resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and intelligence quotient (IQ) scores of 170 healthy children and adolescents obtained from a public database to identify brain functional connectivity markers associated with individual intellectual behavior. Initially, we extracted and summarized relevant resting‐state features from whole‐brain or functional network connectivity that were most pertinent to IQ scores. Subsequently, these features were employed to establish prediction models for both performance and verbal IQ scores. Within a 10‐fold cross‐validation framework, our findings revealed that prediction models based on whole‐brain functional connectivity effectively predicted performance IQ scores(
) but not verbal IQ scores(
). Results of prediction models based on brain functional network connectivity further demonstrated the exceptional predictive ability of the default mode network (DMN) and fronto‐parietal task control network (FTPN) for performance IQ scores (
). The above findings have also been validated using an independent dataset. Our findings suggest that the performance IQ of children and adolescents primarily relies on the connectivity of brain regions associated with DMN and FTPN. Moreover, variations in intellectual performance during childhood and adolescences are closely linked to alterations in brain functional network connectivity.
Long‐lasting behavioral and neurochemical effects of early‐life environmental enrichment in rats submitted to neonatal morphine administration
Authors: de Freitas Nascimento Matheus Gabriel , de Castro Josimar Macedo , Medeiros Liciane Fernandes , Fiuza Khetrüin Jordana , de Oliveira Thais Collioni , de Sousa Morais Iala Thais , Bosco Tenille Dal , Caumo Wolnei , Stein Dirson J. , Torres Iraci L. S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present study examined the medium‐ and long‐term effects of early environmental enrichment (EE) on neuromotor, nociceptive, cognitive, behavioral, and neurochemical parameters in newborn rats repeatedly exposed to morphine. The study employed 90 Wistar rats: 10 adult nulliparous females and 80 male pups. Litter was split into standard and EE housing. Following, half of each litter received saline (S) or morphine (M) injections, resulting in four groups: SC + S, EE + S, SC + M, and EE + M. EE was applied from PND1 to PND21, while morphine or saline was given daily (5 μg/s.c.) from PND8 to PND14. Neuromotor development was similar between groups. In the OF test, morphine reduced outer and total crossings, whereas EE increased inner crossings and rearings. Adult rats showed a decrease in outer and total crossings and grooming and an increase in rearing. EE increased the number of protected and unprotected head dipping. Adult rats showed an increase in protected head dipping. Adult rats showed a lower recognition index, and, when exposed to EE, a lower anxiety index and analgesia. EE increased brainstem and hippocampal BDNF levels. Adult rats had increased hypothalamus, spinal cord, and brainstem BDNF levels, an increase in the spinal cord, and decreased hypothalamus TNF‐α levels. This study demonstrated that early‐life EE raises BDNF levels in the brainstem and hippocampus of rats and modifies their behaviors (such as nociception, exploration, and anxiety) in a state‐dependent manner (morphine and age).
Special issue on systematic reviews and meta‐analyses in engineering education: Highlights and future research directions
Authors: Adesope Olusola O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt gives me great pleasure to explore and synthesize the unique and synergistic contributions of 14 articles for this important special issue, as well as to set future directions for the field of engineering education. Given that evidence‐based syntheses help shape key research advances in the medical, psychological, and educational fields, we sought papers that used state‐of‐the‐art methods for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses to explore fundamental topics in engineering education. We received many excellent manuscripts, and eventually accepted 14 for this special issue. They cover a range of topics, including reading and writing in engineering, the use of concept maps for assessment in engineering, and other key topics. Most papers used systematic review methods, while three used scoping reviews and bibliometric methods. However, none used meta‐analysis. Although this is surprising, it presents an opportunity to call for more rigorous experimental and quantitative research on key topics in engineering education. Experimental studies can uncover cause and effect relationships and enable researchers to draw inferences more easily. While I advocate for all traditions of rigorous research, the collection of reviews in this special issue points to a pressing need for more experimental studies in the field of engineering education.
Near‐surface wind variability in Prydz Bay and Amery Ice Shelf region, East Antarctica: A four‐decade SOM analysis
Authors: Yu Lejiang , Zhong Shiyuan , Xiao Enzhao , Zhang Tijun , Sun Bo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNear‐surface wind fields in the Prydz Bay and Amery Ice Shelf region of East Antarctica play a crucial role in the formation and variability of Antarctic Bottom Water, a cold, dense water mass that sinks and spreads across the deep ocean basins influencing ocean circulation and modulating earth's climate system. This study investigates the primary modes of variability of these wind fields using the self‐organizing map (SOM) method and data from the latest version of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ReAnalyses (ERA5), spanning four decades from 1979 to 2020. While the wind field climatology, characterized by small seasonal variation, is dominated by katabatic and large‐scale forcing, the spatial patterns of the primary variability modes are mainly influenced by synoptic system activities. The overall trend in annual wind speed anomalies is positive across the study region, with the exception of the southwestern part and central Prydz Bay. However, significant trends are observed in only two out of nine SOM nodes (nodes 4 and 9), which collectively explain less than 30% of the averaged trends over the region. The interannual variability in the seasonal occurrences of certain nodes is linked to several well‐known climate modes, including the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Southern Annular Mode and Zonal Wavenumber 3. Our results provide a reference for forecasting the occurrence frequency of specific patterns, which could help mitigate the impact of extreme wind events through improved forecasting.
Human activities increased compound drought and heat events over China during 1961–2014
Authors: Wang Xiaoxin , Lang Xianmei , Jiang Dabang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCompared to independent drought or extreme heat events, compound drought and heat events (CDHEs) can pose more adverse impacts on ecosystems and human society. As the anthropogenic influence on CDHEs in China remains largely unquantified, we analyse both observed and simulated changes in the occurrence of CDHEs over China from 1961 to 2014, and perform detection and attribution analyses utilizing an optimal fingerprinting method, based on observations, reanalysis data and numerical experiments from seven Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. Upward trends are found in observed CDHEs during 1961–2014 over the majority of China, especially in the last two decades. The increase in CDHEs is largely attributed to human influence. Anthropogenic forcing is detectable in the observed CDHEs changes in the whole China and its eastern region. Furthermore, a three‐signal analysis indicates that greenhouse gases play a key role in increasing CDHEs over China, while natural forcing has a negligible effect. Anthropogenic aerosol emissions also play a detectable role in offsetting the greenhouse gas‐induced increase of CDHEs over China.
Understanding the variability of the proximal femoral canal: A computational modeling study
Authors: Ramesh Angelika , Henckel Johann , Hart Alister , Di Laura Anna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStatistical shape modeling (SSM) offers the potential to describe the morphological differences in similar shapes using a compact number of variables. Its application in orthopedics is rapidly growing. In this study, an SSM of the intramedullary canal of the proximal femur was built, with the aim to better understanding the complexity of its shape which may, in turn, enhance the preoperative planning of total hip arthroplasty (THA). This includes the prediction of the prosthetic femoral version (PFV) which is known to be highly variable amongst patients who have undergone THA. The model was built on three dimensional (3D) models of 64 femoral canals which were generated from pelvic computed tomography images including the proximal femur in the field of view. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the mean shape derived from the model and each segmented canal. Five prominent modes of variations representing approximately 84% of the total 3D variations in the population of shapes were found to capture variability in size, proximal torsion, intramedullary femoral anteversion, varus/valgus orientation, and distal femoral shaft twist/torsion, respectively. It was established that the intramedullary femoral canal is highly variable in its size, shape, and orientation between different subjects. PCA‐driven SSM is beneficial for identifying patterns and extracting valuable features of the femoral canal.
Conducting power analysis for meta‐analysis with dependent effect sizes: Common guidelines and an introduction to the POMADE R package
Authors: Vembye Mikkel Helding , Pustejovsky James Eric , Pigott Therese Deocampo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSample size and statistical power are important factors to consider when planning a research synthesis. Power analysis methods have been developed for fixed effect or random effects models, but until recently these methods were limited to simple data structures with a single, independent effect per study. Recent work has provided power approximation formulas for meta‐analyses involving studies with multiple, dependent effect size estimates, which are common in syntheses of social science research. Prior work focused on developing and validating the approximations but did not address the practice challenges encountered in applying them for purposes of planning a synthesis involving dependent effect sizes. We aim to facilitate the application of these recent developments by providing practical guidance on how to conduct power analysis for planning a meta‐analysis of dependent effect sizes and by introducing a new R package, POMADE, designed for this purpose. We present a comprehensive overview of resources for finding information about the study design features and model parameters needed to conduct power analysis, along with detailed worked examples using the POMADE package. For presenting power analysis findings, we emphasize graphical tools that can depict power under a range of plausible assumptions and introduce a novel plot, the traffic light power plot, for conveying the degree of certainty in one's assumptions.
Contribution of ultrasound‐assisted protein structural changes in marinated beef to the improved binding ability of spices and flavor enhancement
Authors: Li Chukai , Sun Yangying , Pan Daodong , Zhou Changyu , He Jun , Du Lihui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMarination is an important part of air‐dried beef processing, and traditional methods are inefficient and produce inconsistent results. Ultrasound, as a novel technology, can be combined with traditional marination methods. The study aimed to investigate the improvement of beef flavor by ultrasound‐assisted marination. At the same time, the potential relationship between the alteration of meat protein and flavor quality by ultrasound‐assisted marinating was further investigated to enable better flavor modulation and research.RESULTSHeadspace solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed that the spice flavor of beef was significantly enhanced by 500 W ultrasound‐assisted marination. Meanwhile, the experimental results demonstrated that the ultrasound‐assisted marination promoted the unfolding of beef myofibrillar protein structure, which increased the number of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding sites, enhanced the electrostatic effect and improved the functional properties of the protein. Ultrasound‐assisted marination significantly enhanced the binding ability of beef myofibrillar proteins to flavor compounds compared with conventional marination. An electronic nose confirmed that this resulted in a significant increase in the flavor of the marinated meat.CONCLUSIONUltrasound‐assisted marination effectively enhanced the flavor of marinated meat, which was closely related to the development of protein conformation. The results of this study have important implications for the food industry and the role of protein unfolding processes in flavor modulation. In particular, the findings can be practically applied to improving meat flavor under ultrasound‐assisted marination. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Colorectal cancer care continuum: Navigating screening, treatment, and outcomes disparities
Authors: Jackson Adelso Tejada , Megafu Olajumoke , Abdullahi Diri , Amajoyi Robert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis review investigates the disparities in colorectal cancer screening, treatment, and outcomes among different racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic groups. Although there has been progress, notable disparities continue to exist as a result of socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, and systemic prejudices. Approaches to tackle these challenges involve expanding screening access, enhancing healthcare utilization, addressing socioeconomic obstacles, ensuring fair treatment, and boosting representation in research.
Impact of Minimally Invasive Surgery on Early and Late Outcomes of Patients With Gastric Cancer Treated Using Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Araruna Gustavo Ferreira , Ribeiro Heber S. C. , Torres Silvio M. , Diniz Alessandro L. , Godoy André L. , Farias Igor C. , Costa Wilson L. , Coimbra Felipe J. F. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundGastric cancer is the fifth most common neoplasm and the third leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for Stages II–III resectable tumors, but the comparative effectiveness of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) versus open gastrectomy (OG) post‐neoadjuvant therapy has not been adequately investigated.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was performed on patients with clinical Stage II and III gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by either MIS or OG between 2007 and 2020. Propensity score matching was utilized to compare the clinical and surgical outcomes, morbidity, and mortality, and the influence of MIS on 3‐year survival rates was evaluated.ResultsAfter matching, no statistical differences in clinical aspects were noted between the two groups. MIS was associated with increased D2 lymphadenectomy, curative intent, and complete neoadjuvant therapy. Furthermore, this therapeutic approach resulted in reduced transfusion rates and shorter hospital stays. Nonetheless, no significant differences were observed in global, clinical, or surgical complications or mortality between the two groups. Weight loss emerged as a significant risk factor for complications, but MIS did not independently affect survival rates. Extended resection and higher American Society of Anesthesiology scores were independent predictors of reduced survival.ConclusionMIS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer appears to be a viable option, with oncological outcomes comparable to those of OG, less blood loss, and shorter hospital stays. Although MIS did not independently affect long‐term survival, it offered potential benefits in terms of postoperative recovery and morbidity. Further studies are needed to validate these findings, especially across diverse populations.
A 20‐Year Review of Inorganic Photochromic Materials: Design Consideration, Synthesis Methods, Classifications, Optical Properties, Mechanism Models, and Emerging Applications
Authors: Li Dongsheng , Zheng Xu , He Huijie , Boutinaud Philippe , Xiao Sanshui , Xu Jiamin , Wang Chuanlong , Hu Yihua , Kang Fengwen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInorganic photochromic materials (i.e., in‐PCMs) are developed as a research hot point in the lighting field due to their excellent optical characteristics, impressive body color modulation, etc. The aim of this work is to make a review on the developments of multi‐metals in‐PCMs (i.e., min‐PCMs) in the past 20 years. The review is structured based on the reversible coloration, crystal hosts, doped ions, PC properties, and mechanism of min‐PCMs and their applications. The synthesis methods of min‐PCMs are reviewed first and then the min‐PCMs are classified according to the types of the doped ions (i.e., single rare‐earth (i.e., RE) ion, multi RE ions, non‐RE ions, and/or the coupled arrangement of these ions). Meanwhile, the min‐PCMs co‐doped with RE and non‐RE ions, together with RE‐ and/or non‐RE‐doped and co‐doped dual crystal matrix, are also disclosed. In the 4th section, we underline the PC mechanisms and show the perspectives on how to produce the PC and obtain the related min‐PCMs. After that, diverse emerging applications of min‐PCMs are summarized, which include optical storage, anti‐counterfeiting, bio‐imaging, light detection, temperature sensing, photocatalysis, and smart windows. In the end, we conclude this review and forecast the promising opportunities and potential challenges of min‐PCMs in the future.
Note on intrinsic metrics on graphs
Authors: Lenz Daniel , Schmidt Marcel , Seifert Felix 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study the set of intrinsic metrics on a given graph. This is a convex compact set and it carries a natural order. We investigate existence of largest elements with respect to this order. We show that the only locally finite graphs which admit a largest intrinsic metric are certain finite star graphs. In particular, all infinite locally finite graphs do not admit a largest intrinsic metric. For infinite graphs which are not locally finite the set of intrinsic metrics may be trivial as we show by an example. Moreover, we give a characterization for the existence of intrinsic metrics with finite balls for weakly spherically symmetric graphs.
A comprehensive review on the development of chiral Cu, Ni, and Zn complexes as pharmaceutical agents over the past decades: Synthesis, molecular structure and biological activity
Authors: Kazemi Zahra , Moini Nakisa , Rudbari Hadi Amiri , Micale Nicola 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChirality is a fundamental and widespread geometric structural property in living organisms that most biomacromolecules including nucleic acids, proteins and enzymes, possess. Consequently, the development of chiral drugs capable of binding specific targets have gradually gained wide attention in recent decades due to their selective effects on a broad spectrum of biological events ranging from cell metabolism to cell fate. In this context, the synthesis of chiral compounds as promising therapeutic candidates has assumed a major role in drug discovery. Among them, chiral metal complexes have attracted considerable interest due to their unique and intriguing structural features that could enable overcoming side effects and drug‐resistance phenomena of metal−based drugs currently in the market such as cisplatin. In the current scenario, an in‐depth overview of non‐platinum chiral complexes needs to be presented and carried forward. Therefore, in this perspective article, an update of the scientific development of bioactive chiral copper, zinc and nickel complexes have been reported since they have not been thoroughly reviewed so far. Specifically, we focused the article mainly on metal complexes containing chiral ligands (type 2 chirality) as in literature they are more numerous than those with chirality at the metal center (type 1 chirality). Herein, not only their biological activity but also their mechanism of action is summarized. Furthermore, in the final section of the article we have highlighted copper‐based complexes as those with a superior biological activity profile and greater prospects for development as a drug.
Lower limb nerve ultrasound: A four‐way comparison of acquired and inherited axonopathy, inherited neuronopathy and healthy controls
Authors: Pelosi Luciana , Coraci Daniele , Mulroy Eoin , Leadbetter Ruth , Padua Luca , Roxburgh Richard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsIn a recent study, we showed that nerve ultrasound of the upper limbs could distinguish inherited sensory neuronopathy from inherited axonopathy; surprisingly, no differences were found in the lower limb nerves. In this study, we compared lower limb nerve ultrasound measurements in inherited neuronopathy, inherited axonopathy, and acquired axonopathy.MethodsTibial and sural nerve ultrasound cross‐sectional areas (CSAs) of 34 healthy controls were retrospectively compared with those of three patient groups: 17 with cerebellar ataxia with neuronopathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS), 18 with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth type 2 (CMT2), and 18 with acquired length‐dependent sensorimotor axonal neuropathy, using ANOVA with post‐hoc Tukey honestly significance difference (HSD) (significance level set at p < .05).ResultsThe nerve CSAs of CANVAS and CMT2 patients were not significantly different. Both the tibial and the sural nerve CSAs were significantly smaller in CANVAS and CMT2 compared with the acquired axonal neuropathy group. Tibial nerve CSAs of CANVAS and CMT2 were significantly smaller than controls. Tibial and sural nerve CSAs of the acquired axonal neuropathy group were also significantly larger than the controls'.DiscussionUltrasound of the lower limb nerves distinguished inherited from acquired axonopathy with the nerve size respectively reduced and increased in these two groups. This has potential implication for the differential diagnosis of these diseases in clinical practice.