bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Ischaemic attack Emergency Referral (TIER): randomised feasibility trial results
Authors: Watkins Alan , Jones Jenna Katherine , Ali Khalid , Dewar Richard , Edwards Adrian , Evans Bridie Angela , Evans Lyn , Ford Gary A , Hampton Chelsey , John Roger , Jones Charlene , Moore Chris , Obiako Michael , Porter Alison , Pryce Alan , Quinn Tom , Seagrove Anne C , Snooks Helen , Whitman Shirley , Rees Nigel 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundEarly assessment of patients with suspected transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is crucial to provision of effective care, including initiation of preventive therapies and identification of stroke mimics. Many patients with TIA present to emergency medical services (EMS) but may not require hospitalisation. Paramedics could identify and refer patients with low-risk TIA, without conveyance to the ED. Safety and effectiveness of this model is unknown.AimTo assess the feasibility of undertaking a fully powered randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate clinical and cost-effectiveness of paramedic referral of patients who call EMS with low-risk TIA to TIA clinic, avoiding transfer to ED.MethodsThe Transient Ischaemic attack Emergency Referral (TIER) intervention was developed through a survey of UK ambulance services, a scoping review of evidence of prehospital care of TIA and convening a specialist clinical panel to agree its final form. Paramedics in South Wales, UK, were randomly allocated to trial intervention (TIA clinic referral) or control (usual care) arms, with patients’ allocation determined by that of attending paramedics.Predetermined progression criteria considered: proportion of patients referred to TIA clinic, data retrieval, patient satisfaction and potential cost-effectiveness.ResultsFrom December 2016 to September 2017, eighty-nine paramedics recruited 53 patients (36 intervention; 17 control); 48 patients (31 intervention; 17 control) consented to follow-up via routine data. Three intervention patients, of seven deemed eligible, were referred to TIA clinic by paramedics. Contraindications recorded for the other intervention arm patients were: Face/Arms/Speech/Time positive (n=13); ABCD2 score >3 (n=5); already anticoagulated (n=2); crescendo TIA (n=1); other (n=8). Routinely collected electronic health records, used to report further healthcare contacts, were obtained for all consenting patients. Patient-reported satisfaction with care was higher in the intervention arm (mean 4.8/5) than the control arm (mean 4.2/5). Health economic analysis suggests an intervention arm quality-adjusted life-year loss of 0.0094 (95% CI −0.0371, 0.0183), p=0.475.ConclusionThe TIER feasibility study did not meet its progression criteria, largely due to low patient identification and referral rates. A fully powered RCT in this setting is not recommended.Trial registration numberISRCTN85516498.
Comparison of pericapsular nerve group and lateral quadratus lumborum blocks on cumulative opioid consumption after primary total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hay Ellen , Kelly Tara , Wolf Bethany J , Hansen Erik , Brown Andrew , Lautenschlager Carla , Wilson Sylvia H 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionBoth the quadratus lumborum block (QLB) and the pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block provide effective postoperative analgesia after hip surgery while minimizing the impact on motor function. This study aimed to compare QLB and PENG in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsThis superiority trial randomized patients scheduled for elective THA to receive a lateral QLB or a PENG with a lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFC) block for postoperative analgesia. Perioperative analgesic protocols were standardized. The primary outcome was postoperative cumulative opioid consumption measured over time up to 72 hours. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain scores in the first 72 hours, time to ambulation, length of stay, and patient-reported functional outcome measures (Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Information System-10 scores).ResultsThis trial consented and randomized 106 subjects and 101 were included in the analysis: PENG (n=50), QLB (n=51). Mean (95% CI) opioid consumption in intravenous morphine milligram equivalents differed at 36 hours (mean difference (95% CI), 18.0 (0.80, 35.1); p=0.040), 48 hours (23.0 (5.20, 40.8); p=0.011), 60 hours (28.0 (9.24, 46.7); p=0.004), and 72 hours (33.0 (13.0, 53.0); p=0.001). There were no significant differences between treatment arms in average resting pain score, time to ambulation, rate of same-day discharge, length of stay, or patient-reported functional outcomes.ConclusionWhile both lateral QLB and PENG block+LFC block are effective analgesic methods for patients undergoing THA, patients receiving lateral QLB had decreased cumulative opioid consumption from 36 to 72 hours postoperative and lower pain scores with movement compared with patients receiving PENG+LFC blocks.Trial registration numberNCT05710107.
Higher order constraints for the ($$\beta $$-deformed) Hermitian matrix models
Authors: Wang Rui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe construct the ($$\beta $$
β
-deformed) higher order total derivative operators and analyze their remarkable properties. In terms of these operators, we derive the higher order constraints for the ($$\beta $$
β
-deformed) Hermitian matrix models. We prove that these ($$\beta $$
β
-deformed) higher order constraints are reducible to the Virasoro constraints. Meanwhile, the Itoyama–Matsuo conjecture for the constraints of the Hermitian matrix model is proved. We also find that through rescaling variable transformations, two sets of the constraint operators become the W-operators of W-representations for the ($$\beta $$
β
-deformed) partition function hierarchies in the literature.
On the initial spin periods of magnetars born in weak supernova explosions and their gravitational wave radiation
Authors: Yan Yu-Long , Cheng Quan , Zheng Xiao-Ping , Ouyang Xia-Xia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe initial spin periods of newborn magnetars are strongly associated with the origin of their strong magnetic fields, both of which can affect the electromagnetic radiation and gravitational waves (GWs) emitted at their birth. Combining the upper limit $$E_{\textrm{SNR}}\lesssim 10^{51}$$

E
SNR

≲

10
51

erg on the explosion energies of the supernova (SN) remnants around slowly-spinning magnetars with a detailed investigation on the evolution of newborn magnetars, we set constraints on the initial spin periods of magnetars born in weak SN explosions. Depending on the conversion efficiency $$\eta $$
η
of the electromagnetic energy of these newborn magnetars into the kinetic energy of SN ejecta, the minimum initial spin periods of these newborn magnetars are $$P_{\textrm{i, min}}\simeq 5$$

P

i, min

≃
5

–6 ms for an ideal efficiency $$\eta =1$$

η
=
1

, $$P_{\textrm{i, min}}\simeq 3$$

P

i, min

≃
3

–4 ms for a possible efficiency $$\eta =0.4$$

η
=
0.4

, and $$P_{\textrm{i, min}}\simeq 1$$

P

i, min

≃
1

–2 ms for a relatively low efficiency $$\eta =0.1$$

η
=
0.1

. Based on these constraints and adopting reasonable values for the physical parameters of the newborn magnetars, we find that their GW radiation at $$\nu _{\textrm{e,1}}=\nu $$

ν
e,1

=
ν

may be undetectable by the Einstein Telescope (ET) since the maximum signal-to-noise ratio ($$\mathrm{S/N}$$

S
/
N

) is only 2.41 even the sources are located at a very close distance of 5 Mpc, where $$\nu $$
ν
are the spin frequencies of the magnetars. At such a distance, the GWs emitted at $$\nu _{\textrm{e,2}}=2\nu $$

ν
e,2

=
2
ν

from the newborn magnetars with dipole fields $$B_{\textrm{d}}=5\times 10^{14}$$

B
d

=
5
×

10
14

and $$10^{15}$$

10
15

G may be detectable by the ET because $$\mathrm{S/N}$$

S
/
N

are 10.01 and 19.85, respectively. However, if these newborn magnetars are located at 20 Mpc away in the Virgo supercluster, no GWs could be detected by the ET due to low $$\mathrm{S/N}$$

S
/
N

.
Femtoscopy at NA61/SHINE using symmetric Lévy sources in central 40Ar+45Sc from 40AGeV/c to 150AGeV/c
Authors: Pórfy Barnabás 
Published: October 2024

In the recent decades of high energy physics research, it was demonstrated that strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (sQGP) is created in ultra-relativistic nucleus–nucleus collisions. Investigation and understanding of properties of the hadronic matter is among the important goals of NA61/SHINE collaboration at CERN SPS. Mapping of the phase diagram is achieved by varying the collision energy ([Formula: see text]) and by changing the collision system ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). We report on the measurement of femtoscopic correlations in intermediate systems at intermediate SPS energies. Interpreting the results of measurements within the symmetric Lévy source formalism, we discuss the values of Lévy source parameters as a function of average pair transverse mass. One of the physical parameters is particularly important, the Lévy exponent [Formula: see text], which describes the shape of the source and may be related to the critical exponent [Formula: see text] in the proximity of the critical point. Therefore, measuring it may shed light on the location of the critical endpoint of the QCD phase diagram.
Large electrocaloric strength in Sm/Mn co-doped BaTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Li Junjie , Zhao Zongpu , Chen Qinyi , Hou JinLin , Yin Ruowei , Li Jianting , Zhang Xing 
Published: October 2024

Electrocaloric (EC) refrigeration, which employs ferroelectric (FE) ceramics as a working medium, is regarded as a promising green refrigeration technology that could potentially replace vapor-compression refrigeration. One of the principal considerations in EC application is the capacity to attain high EC strength near room temperature. In this work, we investigated the EC effect in Sm/Mn co-doped BaTiO3 [([Formula: see text]Smx)([Formula: see text][Formula: see text])O3] ceramics. As the smallest trivalent ion that can totally occupy the A site, [Formula: see text] is not only capable of shifting the Curie temperature but also of optimizing the EC effect. Furthermore, the introduction of the Mn element into the matrix results in the formation of defect dipoles, which also serves to enhance the EC performance. Therefore, large EC strengths of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]K[Formula: see text]mm[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (@[Formula: see text]C), 0.34[Formula: see text]K[Formula: see text]mm[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (@[Formula: see text]C) and 0.21[Formula: see text]K[Formula: see text]mm[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (@[Formula: see text]C) were, respectively, achieved in [Formula: see text]–0.07 ceramics, demonstrating the potential for future refrigeration applications.
Post mortem Study of Catalyst Degradations Occurring in High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Upon Start-Stop Operation
Authors: Baudy Axelle , Durand Maël , Roussel-Dherbey Francine , Berthomé Grégory , Sergent Nicolas , Turpin Christophe , Regnier Jérémi , Jaafar Amine , Dubau Laetitia , Scohy Marion , Chatenet Marian 
Published: October 2024

High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) could replace fossil fuel-based technologies for applications which cannot involve bulky/heavy cooling systems, such as aeronautics. However, severe materials degradations upon operation prevent performance retention for acceptable lifetimes. While others have already reported degradations in HT-PEMFC, post mortem characterizations of used HT-PEMFC membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) remain scarce. Herein, HT-PEMFC performance degradation is studied by applying a startup/shutdown protocol to a short-stack operated at 160 °C; one MEA is characterized using complementary physicochemical/electrochemical techniques to identify/understand the degradation mechanisms and their origin. This start/stop operation mode (co-flow gas reactants) leads to substantial degradation inhomogeneity. For the anode, migration, coalescence, and detachment of Pt nanoparticles are witnessed induced by high-surface-area carbon support functionalization and corrosion. The anode electrochemical surface area (ECSA) remains constant at the inlet and increases significantly at the outlet, following inhomogeneous degradation of the cathode catalyst: the Ptz+ ions formed at high potential/oxidizing conditions concentrate towards the outlet, where they redeposit locally or at the anode, after diffusion/migration across the PBI membrane. Hence, the cathode ECSA decreases significantly at the inlet. Furthermore, intense Ni-leaching from the initial PtNi alloy catalyst is reported as a result of O2 mass-transport and phosphoric acid dilution inhomogeneity.
Evaluation of Nitrogen Influence on the Uranium Metal Stability in LiCl-KCl
Authors: Caretero Théo , Massot Laurent , Gibilaro Mathieu , De Marco Jérémie , Arab Mehdi , Chiron Christelle , Chamelot Pierre 
Published: October 2024

This study is focused on nitrogen influence on the uranium metal stability in molten eutectic LiCl-KCl (58.2–41.8 mol.%) in the 450 °C–550 °C temperature range. Preliminary study showed that nitrogen is soluble and electroactive in LiCl-KCl. Then, experiments were done by immersing an uranium plate in LiCl-KCl under two different atmospheres: a low nitrogen atmosphere and a saturated nitrogen one. It was found that uranium spontaneously reacts with nitrogen to form U(III) and N3-. The kinetics of this reaction was determined by monitoring the U(III) formation rate using chronopotentiometry. It appeared that increasing the temperature or the nitrogen partial pressure in the atmosphere leads to a faster uranium oxidation rate.
Real-Time Imaging Assessment of Stress-Induced Vascular Inflammation Using Heartbeat-Synchronized Motion Compensation
Authors: Jang Minseok A. , Song Joon Woo , Kim Ryeong Hyun , Kang Dong Oh , Kang Ungyo , Kim Hyun Jung , Kim Jin Hyuk , Park Eun Jin , Park Ye Hee , Lee Bo-Hyung , Kim Chi Kyung , Park Kyeongsoon , Kim Jin Won , Yoo Hongki 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Chronic mental stress accelerates atherosclerosis through complicated neuroimmune pathways, needing for advanced imaging techniques to delineate underlying cellular mechanisms. While histopathology, ex vivo imaging, and snapshots of in vivo images offer promising evidence, they lack the ability to capture real-time visualization of blood cell dynamics within pulsatile arteries in longitudinal studies.

METHODS:

An electrically tunable lens was implemented in intravital optical microscopy, synchronizing the focal plane with heartbeats to follow artery movements. ApoE
−/−
mice underwent 2 weeks of restraint stress before baseline imaging followed by 2 weeks of stress exposure in the longitudinal imaging, while nonstressed mice remained undisturbed. The progression of vascular inflammation was assessed in the carotid arteries through intravital imaging and histological analyses.

RESULTS:

A 4-fold reduction of motion artifact, assessed by interframe SD, and an effective temporal resolution of 25.2 Hz were achieved in beating murine carotid arteries. Longitudinal intravital imaging showed chronic stress led to a 6.09-fold (
P
=0.017) increase in myeloid cell infiltration compared with nonstressed mice. After 3 weeks, we observed that chronic stress intensified vascular inflammation, increasing adhered myeloid cells by 2.45-fold (
P
=0.031), while no significant changes were noted in nonstressed mice. Microcirculation imaging revealed increased circulating, rolling, and adhered cells in stressed mice’s venules. Histological analysis of the carotid arteries confirmed the in vivo findings that stress augmented plaque area, myeloid cell and macrophage accumulation, and necrotic core volume while reducing fibrous cap thickness indicating accelerated plaque formation. We visualized the 3-dimensional structure of the carotid artery and 4-dimensional dynamics of the venules in the cremaster muscle.

CONCLUSIONS:
Dynamic focusing motion compensation intravital microscopy enabled subcellular resolution in vivo imaging of blood cell dynamics in beating arteries under chronic restraint stress in real time. This novel technique emphasizes the importance of advanced in vivo imaging for understanding cardiovascular disease.
Tangled Physics: Knots Strain Intuitive Physical Reasoning
Authors: Croom Sholei , Firestone Chaz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Whereas decades of research have cataloged striking errors in physical reasoning, a resurgence of interest in intuitive physics has revealed humans’ remarkable ability to successfully predict the unfolding of physical scenes. A leading interpretation intended to resolve these opposing results is that physical reasoning recruits a general-purpose mechanism that reliably models physical scenarios (explaining recent successes), but overly contrived tasks or impoverished and ecologically invalid stimuli can produce poor performance (accounting for earlier failures). But might there be tasks that persistently strain physical understanding, even in naturalistic contexts? Here, we explore this question by introducing a new intuitive physics task: evaluating the strength of knots and tangles. Knots are ubiquitous across cultures and time-periods, and evaluating them correctly often spells the difference between safety and peril. Despite this, 5 experiments show that observers fail to discern even very large differences in strength between knots. In a series of two-alternative forced-choice tasks, observers viewed a variety of simple “bends” (knots joining two pieces of thread) and decided which would require more force to undo. Though the strength of these knots is well-documented, observers’ judgments completely failed to reflect these distinctions, across naturalistic photographs (E1), idealized renderings (E2), dynamic videos (E3), and even when accompanied by schematic diagrams of the knots’ structures (E4). Moreover, these failures persisted despite accurate identification of the topological differences between the knots (E5); in other words, even when observers correctly perceived the underlying structure of the knot, they failed to correctly judge its strength. These results expose a blindspot in physical reasoning, placing new constraints on general-purpose theories of scene understanding.
L2CEval: Evaluating Language-to-Code Generation Capabilities of Large Language Models
Authors: Ni Ansong , Yin Pengcheng , Zhao Yilun , Riddell Martin , Feng Troy , Shen Rui , Yin Stephen , Liu Ye , Yavuz Semih , Xiong Caiming , Joty Shafiq , Zhou Yingbo , Radev Dragomir , Cohan Arman , Cohan Arman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently, large language models (LLMs), especially those that are pretrained on code, have demonstrated strong capabilities in generating programs from natural language inputs. Despite promising results, there is a notable lack of a comprehensive evaluation of these models’ language-to-code generation capabilities. Existing studies often focus on specific tasks, model architectures, or learning paradigms, leading to a fragmented understanding of the overall landscape. In this work, we present L2CEval, a systematic evaluation of the language-to-code generation capabilities of LLMs on 7 tasks across the domain spectrum of semantic parsing, math reasoning, and Python programming, analyzing the factors that potentially affect their performance, such as model size, pretraining data, instruction tuning, and different prompting methods. In addition, we assess confidence calibration, and conduct human evaluations to identify typical failures across different tasks and models. L2CEval offers a comprehensive understanding of the capabilities and limitations of LLMs in language-to-code generation. We release the evaluation framework1 and all model outputs, hoping to lay the groundwork for further future research.All future evaluations (e.g., LLaMA-3, StarCoder2, etc) will be updated on the project website: https://l2c-eval.github.io/.
Aristotle on the Perfections of Virtuous Action
Authors: Fernandez Patricio A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In Nicomachean Ethics 2.4 Aristotle distinguishes between virtuous action and acting virtuously: a virtuous action counts as virtuously performed if done with knowledge, chosen for its own sake, and from a stable character. Since the ‘same’ action can be performed virtuously or non-virtuously, interpreters have concluded that these ‘agential conditions’ are indifferent incidental features with no bearing on the virtuous character of the action. I propose that they are instead ‘perfections,’ i.e., constitutive features of virtuous action as such, admitting of degrees. Unlike the alternative interpretation, my proposal fully harmonizes with three important Aristotelian doctrines: that action from virtue is prior to action merely in conformity with virtue; that character virtue is a perfection of human beings; and that practical life is not properly characterized in transitive, productive terms. My proposal still allows for a generic sense of ‘sameness’ in which the ‘same’ action may be virtuously or non-virtuously performed.
Imagining NAASR: Pasts and Futures
Authors: Martin Craig 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
What kind of institution has the North American Association for the Study of Religion (NAASR) been in the past? What might it become in the future? In this 2024 presidential address, Craig Martin reflects on the history of the institution, considers the shared interests and intellectual investments that have drawn people to it over the last two scholarly generations, and suggests a vision for the future which respects the past while simultaneously moving us forward.
To Consume or to Commune
Authors: Padgett Isaiah C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article investigates how the text of Ruth 2.8-16 might serve to enrich the continued development of Pentecostal economic ethics. The sheer dominance of capitalistic modes of the consumption of resources and the commodification of persons have prompted an ongoing interest in developing Pentecostal theological responses to this issue. While the influence of Prosperity Pentecostalism continues as one such response, the growing desire to articulate alternative theological critiques requires attention to the breadth of Scripture that speaks to these concerns. As such, this article will attempt to demonstrate how the initial interaction between Ruth and Boaz in Ruth 2.8-16 reflects a counter to modern notions of consumption and commodification. It will be argued that this interaction demonstrates both God’s ultimate ownership of creation and the necessity of inviting the other into community, both of which have profound implications for Pentecostal economic ethics.
‘Were Not Our Hearts Burning Within Us?’ (Luke 24:32): Dysregulated Passions, Righteous Fervour and an Emotional Regime Change in the Roman Empire
Authors: Schellenberg Ryan S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Idioms describing specific emotional states with reference to hot or cold body temperatures are ubiquitous across cultural groups and appear to reflect the interpretive affordances of basic physiological processes. Thus high-arousal emotions tend to be associated with heat and low-arousal emotions with cold. Nonetheless, these associations are not universal but are shaped by cultural history. The description in the Gospel of Luke of the disciples’ ‘burning hearts’ provides an illuminating case study. Although often read by modern interpreters as a transparent metaphor for elation or excitement, ancient usage points in a decidedly different direction, reflecting a prevailing moral and medical assumption in the Greco-Roman world that the dysregulation of the body’s innate heat is a symptom of affective and physical disorder. If Luke’s phrase nonetheless depicts desirable feelings, it would appear to be a harbinger of a new chapter in the history of emotions wherein certain ‘hot feelings’ might be understood not as unregulated passions but rather righteous fervour.