bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIM in der Hochschullehre
Authors: Brokbals Stefanie , Čadež Ivan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDie Digitalisierung der Bauwirtschaft und die damit einhergehende Implementierung von Building Information Modeling (BIM) ist aktuell eine der größten Herausforderungen in der deutschen Bauwirtschaft. Ein wesentlicher Erfolgsfaktor dabei sind die – jedoch noch fehlenden – (Nachwuchs‐)Kräfte. Dies wurde von den Hochschulen erkannt, sodass BIM bereits an vielen Hochschulen gelehrt wird.Im ersten Teil des Berichts werden der Status quo und die Entwicklung von BIM‐Lehre an Hochschulen über die letzten zwei Jahre (2015–2017) dargestellt. Im Jahr 2015 wurde an 28 von 69 (41 %) der Hochschulen BIM gelehrt. In den letzten zwei Jahren stieg die Anzahl der BIM‐lehrenden Hochschulen auf 41 (59 %) an. Darüber hinaus wurden u. a. die Unterschiede zwischen Universitäten und Fachhochschulen sowie zwischen den Studiengängen der Architektur und des Bauingenieurwesens untersucht.Im zweiten Teil des Berichts werden die im Rahmen der Untersuchung definierten Soll‐Lehrinhalte den ermittelten Ist‐Lehrinhalten an den Hochschulen gegenübergestellt, um so den Handlungsbedarf herauszustellen. Abschließend werden auf Basis der Ergebnisse Handlungsempfehlungen für die Hochschulen vorgeschlagen. Beispielhaft ist dabei der Ausbau von interdisziplinären BIM‐Projekten zu nennen, bei denen vor allem die durch BIM veränderten Arbeits‐ und Kommunikationsprozesse den Studierenden vermittelt werden sollen.
Corn stover cannot simultaneously meet both the volume and GHG reduction requirements of the renewable fuel standard
Authors: Kim Seungdo , Zhang Xuesong , Dale Bruce , Reddy Ashwan Daram , Jones Curtis Dinneen , Cronin Keith , Izaurralde Roberto Cesar , Runge Troy , Sharara Mahmoud 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCorn stover is expected to supply much of the cellulosic biomass required to meet the 61 billion liters per year target under the US Energy Independence and Security Act. The Act also requires that cellulosic biofuels achieve a greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction of 60% compared to gasoline. If corn stover is harvested for biofuels, it can no longer help replenish soil organic matter, and net soil carbon emissions increase. So meeting the GHG reduction target is a concern. We studied the effect of stover removal on overall GHG emissions of corn stover ethanol systems in the 12‐state Corn Belt region. Even at a stover removal rate of 66%, no more than 20 billion liters can be annually produced while simultaneously satisfying the 60% GHG reduction. Moreover, no GHG reduction relative to gasoline occurs in short time periods. The GHG benefits of corn stover ethanol only appear after longer time periods. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Development and validation of a simple solid‐phase extraction method coupled with liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of lincomycin, tylosin A and tylosin B in royal jelly
Authors: Zheng Weijia , Park Jin‐A , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Kim Seong‐Kwan , Cho Sang‐Hyun , Choi Jeong‐Min , Warda Mohamad , Wang Jing , Shim Jae‐Han , Shin Ho‐Chul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe have developed an analytical method for the determination of lincomycin, tylosin A and tylosin B residues in royal jelly using liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry analysis. For extraction and purification, we employed 1% trifluoroacetic acid and 0.1 m Na2EDTA solutions along with an Oasis HLB cartridge. The target antibiotics were well separated in a Kinetex EVO C18 reversed‐phase analytical column using a combination of 0.1% formate acid in ultrapure water (A) and acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase. Good linearity was achieved over the tested concentration range (5–50 μg/kg) in matrix‐matched standard calibration. The coefficients of determination (R2) were 0.9933, 0.9933 and 0.996, for tylosin A, tylosin B and lincomycin, respectively. Fortified royal jelly spiked with three different concentrations of the tested antibiotics (5, 10 and 20 μg/kg) yielded recoveries in the range 80.94–109.26% with relative standard deviations ≤4%. The proposed method was applied to monitor 11 brand of royal jelly collected from domestic markets and an imported brand from New Zealand; all the samples tested negative for lincomycin, tylosin A and tylosin B residues. In conclusion, 1% trifluoroacetic acid and 0.1 m Na2EDTA aqueous solvents combined with solid‐phase extraction could effectively complete the sample preparation process for royal jelly before analysis. The developed approach can be applied for a routine analysis of lincomycin, tylosin A and tylosin B residues in royal jelly.
Identification of cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of artocarpin and assessment of its drug–drug interaction
Authors: Qu Wei , Liu Xuezheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractArtocarpin isolated from an agricultural plant Artocarpus communis has shows anti‐inflammation and anticancer activities. In this study, we utilized recombinant human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferasesupersomes (UGTs) and human liver microsomes to explore its inhibitory effect on UGTs and cytochrome p450 enzymes (CYPs). Chemical inhibition studies and screening assays with recombinant human CYPs were used to identify if CYP isoform is involved in artocarpin metabolism. Artocarpin showed strong inhibition against UGT1A3, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9, UGT1A10, UGT2B7, CYP2C8 and CYP3A4. In particular, artocarpin exhibited competitive inhibition against CYP3A4 and noncompetitive inhibition against UGT1A3 and UGT1A7. The half inhibition concentration values for CYP3A4, UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 were 4.67, 3.82 and 4.82 μm, and the inhibition kinetic parameters for them were 0.78, 2.67 and 3.14 μm, respectively. After artocarpin was incubated in human liver microsomes and determined by HPLC, we observed its main metabolites (M1 and M2). In addition, we proved that CYP2D6 played the key role in the biotransformation of artocarpin in human liver microsomes. The result of molecular docking further confirmed that artocarpin interacted with CYP2D6, CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 through hydrogen bonds. This study provided preliminary results for further research on artocarpin or artocarpin‐containing herbs.
Effect of early hospital readmission and comorbid conditions on subsequent long‐term mortality after transient ischemic attack
Authors: Yousufuddin Mohammed , Young Nathan , Keenan Lawrence , Olson Tammy , Shultz Jessica , Doyle Taylor , Ahmmad Eimad , Arumaithurai Kogulavadanan , Takahashi Paul , Murad Mohammad Hassan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe implications of early readmission on long‐term mortality after transient ischemic attack (TIA) are not known. We aimed at examining the effect of 180‐day readmission on subsequent long‐term mortality after index hospitalization for TIA.MethodsA retrospective study of patients hospitalized for first‐ever TIA at Mayo Clinic from 2000 through 2017. Patients readmitted within 180 days postdischarge were compared with those not readmitted in long‐term risk of death.ResultsOf 251 TIA patients aged 73 ± 15 years with 1509 person‐years of follow‐up, 65 (26%) were readmitted within 180 days of discharge and 125 died during a median follow‐up of 5.7 years. The mortality was 10 vs. 7 deaths per 100 person‐years in patients who were readmitted compared to those who were not readmitted with hazard ratio (HR) 1.73 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–2.66). Other competing predictors of mortality were age ≥65 years (HR 5.70, 95% CI 2.72–11.96), cancer (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.03–3.38), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.07–3.38), heart failure (HR 3.03, 95% CI 1.82–5.06), dementia (HR 5.87, 95% CI 3.27–10.52), creatinine ≥1.4 mg/dl (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.17–3.06), and hemoglobin level <10 g/dl (HR 2.80, 95% CI 1.20–6.66).ConclusionsHospital readmission within 180 days of discharge from index TIA was associated with increased risk of death several years after initial readmission. Older age and several comorbidities identified during index hospitalization also confer increased risk for long‐term mortality.
CD226 deficiency improves cognitive functions and ameliorates anxiety‐like behaviors in mice
Authors: Fang Liang , Jin Jingyi , Chen Ping , Wang Ning , Zeng Hanyu , Jin Boquan , Li Hui , Chen Lihua 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundCD226 is a cell surface adhesion molecule expressed in the immune system and central nervous system. Although the role of CD226 in the function of immune cells has been well studied, there has been no report on the potential functional significance of CD226 in neural cells.MethodsWe investigated the role of CD226 on the cognitive function and behaviors using CD226 knockout (CD226KO) and wild‐type mice. The spatial learning and memory were characterized using Morris water maze test, and the behaviors were evaluated using open field and elevated plus maze tests. IL‐10 expression in the hippocampus was measured using RT‐PCR and ELISA.ResultsThe results showed that CD226KO mice displayed increased spatial learning and memory than the wild‐type controls. We also found that genetic deletion of CD226 resulted in decreased anxiety‐like behaviors. In addition, the hippocampal expression level of IL‐10 was increased in the CD226KO mice compared with the WT mice.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CD226 plays an important role in the modulation of cognition and anxiety in mice.
Unexpected disseminated histoplasmosis detected by bone marrow biopsy in a solid organ transplant patient
Authors: Simon Caroline T. , Murga‐Zamalloa Carlos A. , Bachman Michael A. , Petty Lindsay A. , Choi Sarah M. 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessageDisseminated histoplasmosis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis show overlapping features, which require careful contextual interpretation. Histopathologic evaluation can potentially rapidly identify cases of possible histoplasmosis. A high index of clinical suspicion, particularly in endemic areas and in a setting of immunosuppression, is critical to appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
Enhancing the Rate Performance of a Li3VO4 Anode through Cu Doping
Authors: Wang Kan , Fu Haoyu , Li Zhuoyu , Xia Mengyang , Liang Xiaoqiang , Qi Ruijie , Cao Guozhong , Lu Xianmao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLi3VO4 (LVO), as an emerging anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), offers distinct advantages because of its high theoretical specific capacity (590 mAh g−1), high ionic conductivity, and small volume change during lithiation/delithiation. However, the low electronic conductivity of LVO severely limits its viable application in LIBs. In this work, we doped LVO with Cu2+ ions through a simple solution reaction method, aiming to improve its electronic conductivity and electrochemical performances as a LIB anode. Among various dopant concentrations, LVO doped with 10 % Cu (LVO‐0.10Cu) showed the highest Li‐ion diffusion coefficient (2.79×10−14 cm2 s−1) and specific surface area (16.1 m2 g−1), as well as lowest charge‐transfer resistance. High reversible capacities of 440, 420, 379, and 335 mAh g−1 were achieved at current densities of 1, 2, 4, and 8 A g−1, respectively. In particular, the capacity of LVO‐0.10Cu at 8 A g−1 was twice as high as that of pristine LVO (335 vs. 168 mAh g−1). The significantly enhanced electrochemical performance of Cu‐doped LVO can be attributed to lattice expansion and improved electronic conductivity afforded by Cu‐doping.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of a Staphylococcus aureus Targeting Payload to Enable the First Antibody–Antibiotic Conjugate
Authors: Linghu Xin , Segraves Nathaniel L. , Abramovich Ifat , Wong Nicholas , Müller Barbara , Neubauer Nadja , Fantasia Serena , Rieth Sebastian , Bachmann Stephan , Jansen Michael , Sowell C. Gregory , Askin David , Koenig Stefan G. , Gosselin Francis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA practical synthesis of the complex payload for an anti‐Staphylococcus aureus THIOMABTM antibody–antibiotic conjugate (TAC) is described. The route takes advantage of a delicate oxidative condensation, achieved using a semi‐continuous flow procedure. It allows for the generation of kilogram quantities of a key intermediate to enable a mild nucleophilic aromatic substitution to the tertiary amine free drug. The linker component is introduced as a benzylic chloride, which allows formation of the quaternary ammonium salt linker‐drug. This chemical process surmounts numerous synthetic challenges and navigates deeply colored and unstable compounds to support clinical studies to counter S. aureus bacterial infections.
Experimental investigation on the urea injection and mixing module for improving the performance of urea‐SCR in diesel engines
Authors: Xu Zhengxin , Liu Jingping , Fu Jianqin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn a urea selective catalytic reduction (urea‐SCR) system for diesel engines, the atomization, evaporation, and mixing conditions of urea water solution (UWS) play a crucial role for NOX conversion and ammonia slip in the SCR process. In this paper, a series of novel mixing modules were proposed to improve UWS evaporation, mixing, and distribution for NOX reduction in the SCR system. Experimental investigations were conducted on the performances of the existing and developed mixing modules under various engine test conditions, including particle size test, NOX conversion efficiency, flow bench tests, etc. To determine ammonia slip, the urea and ammonia distribution patterns were constructed and the non‐uniformity index was then calculated. Compared with the baseline (without mixing module) and existing mixing module, the NOX conversion efficiency of the SCR system with a developed mixing module is improved by 37.7 and 14.1 % at maximum, respectively. Furthermore, ammonia slip and distribution are ameliorated significantly with low‐pressure drops simultaneously. Among the mixing modules, Concept 3 design exhibits superior performance under the engine test conditions.
Occurrence of primarily noninducible atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia after radiofrequency delivery in the slow pathway region during empirical slow pathway modulation
Authors: Wegner Felix Konrad , Bögeholz Nils , Leitz Patrick , Frommeyer Gerrit , Dechering Dirk Georg , Kochhäuser Simon , Lange Philipp Sebastian , Köbe Julia , Wasmer Kristina , Mönnig Gerold , Eckardt Lars , Pott Christian 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThe first‐line therapy for atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is catheter‐based slow pathway modulation. If AVNRT is not inducible during an electrophysiological study, an empirical slow pathway modulation (ESPM) may be considered in patients with dual atrioventricular nodal physiology and/or a typical electrocardiogram (ECG).MethodsWe screened 149 symptomatic patients who underwent ESPM in our department between 1993 and 2013. All patients fulfilled the following criteria: (1) either dual atrioventricular nodal (AVN) physiology with up to 2 AVN echo beats or characteristic ECG documentation or both, (2) noninducibility of AVNRT by programmed stimulation, and (3) completion of a telephone questionnaire for long‐term follow‐up. Out of this population we retrospectively investigated 13 patients who were primarily noninducible but in whom an AVNRT occurred during or after radiofrequency (RF) delivery.ResultsWhen AVNRT occurred, the procedure lost its empirical character, and RF delivery was continued until the procedural endpoint of noninducibility of AVNRT. This endpoint was reached in all but one patient (92%). After a follow‐up of 73 ± 15 months, this patient was the only one who reported no benefit from the procedure.ConclusionsOut of 149 initially noninducible patients, a considerable number (9%) exhibited AVNRT during or after RF delivery. These patients crossed over from empirical to controlled slow pathway modulation resulting in a good clinical outcome. Our observations should encourage electrophysiologists to repeat programmed stimulation even after initial empirical RF delivery to retest for inducibility.
Inhibitors against Fungal Cell Wall Remodeling Enzymes
Authors: Delso Ignacio , Valero‐Gonzalez Jessika , Gomollón‐Bel Fernando , Castro‐López Jorge , Fang Wenxia , Navratilova Iva , van Aalten Daan M. F. , Tejero Tomás , Merino Pedro , Hurtado‐Guerrero Ramon 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFungal β‐1,3‐glucan glucanosyltransferases are glucan‐remodeling enzymes that play important roles in cell wall integrity, and are essential for the viability of pathogenic fungi and yeasts. As such, they are considered possible drug targets, although inhibitors of this class of enzymes have not yet been reported. Herein we report a multidisciplinary approach based on a structure‐guided design using a highly conserved transglycosylase from Sacharomyces cerevisiae, that leads to carbohydrate derivatives with high affinity for Aspergillus fumigatus Gel4. We demonstrate by X‐ray crystallography that the compounds bind in the active site of Gas2/Gel4 and interact with the catalytic machinery. The topological analysis of noncovalent interactions demonstrates that the combination of a triazole with positively charged aromatic moieties are important for optimal interactions with Gas2/Gel4 through unusual pyridinium cation–π and face‐to‐face π–π interactions. The lead compound is capable of inhibiting AfGel4 with an IC50 value of 42 μm.
Physician interpretation of genomic test results and treatment selection
Authors: Brusco Lauren L. , Wathoo Chetna , Mills Shaw Kenna R. , Holla Vijaykumar R. , Bailey Ann M. , Johnson Amber M. , Khotskaya Yekaterina B. , Litzenburger Beate C. , Sanchez Nora S. , Zeng Jia , Bernstam Elmer V. , Eng Cathy , Kee Bryan K. , Amaria Rodabe N. , Routbort Mark J. , Mills Gordon B. , Mendelsohn John , Meric‐Bernstam Funda 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDGenomic testing is increasingly performed in oncology, but concerns remain regarding the clinician's ability to interpret results. In the current study, the authors sought to determine the agreement between physicians and genomic annotators from the Precision Oncology Decision Support (PODS) team at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston regarding actionability and the clinical use of test results.METHODSOn a prospective protocol, patients underwent clinical genomic testing for hotspot mutations in 46 or 50 genes. Six months after sequencing, physicians received questionnaires for patients who demonstrated a variant in an actionable gene, investigating their perceptions regarding the actionability of alterations and clinical use of these findings. Genomic annotators independently classified these variants as actionable, potentially actionable, unknown, or not actionable.RESULTSPhysicians completed 250 of 288 questionnaires (87% response rate). Physicians considered 168 of 250 patients (67%) as having an actionable alteration; of these, 165 patients (98%) were considered to have an actionable alteration by the PODS team and 3 were of unknown significance. Physicians were aware of genotype‐matched therapy available for 119 patients (71%) and 48 of these 119 patients (40%) received matched therapy. Approximately 46% of patients in whom physicians regarded alterations as not actionable (36 of 79 patients) were classified as having an actionable/potentially actionable mutation by the PODS team. However, many of these were only theoretically actionable due to limited trials and/or therapies (eg, KRAS).CONCLUSIONSPhysicians are aware of recurrent mutations in actionable genes on “hotspot” panels. As larger genomic panels are used, there may be a growing need for annotation of actionability. Decision support to increase awareness of genomically relevant trials and novel treatment options for recurrent mutations (eg, KRAS) also are needed. Cancer 2018;124:966‐72. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Organic−Inorganic‐Hybrid‐Derived Molybdenum Carbide Nanoladders: Impacts of Surface Oxidation for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Shi Zhangping , Gao Boxu , Mo Qijie , Shao Zheng‐Jiang , Nie Kaiqi , Liu Bolun , Zhang Hongbin , Wang Yangxia , Zhang Yahong , Gao Qingsheng , Sun Xuhui , Cao Xiao‐Ming , Hu P. , Tang Yi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMolybdenum carbides are widely adopted as efficient noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Their surface oxidation is inevitable under air but is often ignored, which can be detrimental for the accurate understanding and precise design of stable carbide catalysts. Herein, molybdenum carbide nanoladders are derived via pyrolyzing MoOx/amine hybrid precursors, and two types of impact of surface oxidation on their HER performance are obvious: (1) the downshift of d‐band center in Mo, and (2) the introduced steric hindrance from surface oxygen. Consequently, the negative hydrogen‐binding free energy (ΔGH*, −0.52 eV) of pristine MoC gradually increases to positive values with surface oxidation, indicating the effectively weakened strength of Mo−H. With moderate surface oxygen incorporation, a ΔGH* of almost 0 eV is in accordance with the efficiently promoted HER performance via a good balance of Volmer and Heyrovsky/Tafel steps in kinetics. The optimal catalyst supported on a Ti plate (1 cm2) gives a high hydrogen production rate of 0.35 mL min−1 at 300 mV with high stability over the self‐made water‐splitting configuration. This work does not only make us reacquaint the surface oxidation of carbides on electrocatalysis but also paves the way for developing efficient and stable catalysts via surface engineering.
Mechanism matters: the cause of fluctuations in boom–bust populations governs optimal habitat restoration strategy
Authors: Himes Boor Gina K. , Schultz Cheryl B. , Crone Elizabeth E. , Morris William F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMany populations exhibit boom–bust dynamics in which abundance fluctuates dramatically over time. Past research has focused on identifying whether the cause of fluctuations is primarily exogenous, e.g., environmental stochasticity coupled with weak density dependence, or endogenous, e.g., over‐compensatory density dependence. Far fewer studies have addressed whether the mechanism responsible for boom–bust dynamics matters with respect to at‐risk species management. Here, we ask whether the best strategy for restoring habitat across a landscape differs under exogenously vs. endogenously driven boom–bust dynamics. We used spatially explicit individual‐based models to assess how butterfly populations governed by the two mechanisms would respond to habitat restoration strategies that varied in the level of resource patchiness, from a single large patch to multiple patches spaced at different distances. Our models showed that the restoration strategy that minimized extinction risk and boom–bust dynamics would be markedly different depending on the governing mechanism. Exogenously governed populations fared best in a single large habitat patch, whereas for endogenously driven populations, boom–bust dynamics were dampened and extinction risk declined when the total restored area was split into multiple patches with low to moderate inter‐patch spacing. Adding environmental stochasticity to the endogenous model did not alter this result. Habitat fragmentation lowered extinction risk in the endogenously driven populations by reducing their growth rate, precluding both “boom” phases and, more importantly, “bust” phases. Our findings suggest that (1) successful restoration will depend on understanding the causes of fluctuations in at‐risk populations, (2) the level and pattern of spatiotemporal environmental heterogeneity will also affect the ideal management approach, and (3) counterintuitively, for at‐risk species with endogenously governed boom–bust dynamics, lowering the intrinsic population growth rate may decrease extinction risk.