bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraordinarily high conductivity of flexible adhesive films by hybrids of silver nanoparticle–nanowires
Authors: Ajmal C Muhammed , Menamparambath Mini Mol , Choi Hyouk Ryeol , Baik Seunghyun 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Highly conductive flexible adhesive (CFA) film was developed using micro-sized silver flakes (primary fillers), hybrids of silver nanoparticle–nanowires (secondary fillers) and nitrile butadiene rubber. The hybrids of silver nanoparticle–nanowires were synthesized by decorating silver nanowires with silver nanoparticle clusters using bifunctional cysteamine as a linker. The dispersion in ethanol was excellent for several months. Silver nanowires constructed electrical networks between the micro-scale silver flakes. The low-temperature surface sintering of silver nanoparticles enabled effective joining of silver nanowires to silver flakes. The hybrids of silver nanoparticle–nanowires provided a greater maximum conductivity (54 390 S cm−1) than pure silver nanowires, pure multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes decorated with silver nanoparticles in nitrile butadiene rubber matrix. The resistance change was smallest upon bending when the hybrids of silver nanoparticle–nanowires were employed. The adhesion of the film on polyethylene terephthalate substrate was excellent. Light emitting diodes were successfully wired to the CFA circuit patterned by the screen printing method for application demonstration.
The measurement of engagement
Authors: Mayo Andrew 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to clearly define the concept of engagement and distinguish it from other descriptions of positive employee well-being. It then discusses how to measure this concept objectively and reliably.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper looks at the distinctive meaning of the term “engagement” and expresses concern that the term has been diluted with its popularity. It analyses the drivers of true engagement and then looks at how the evidence of the reality can be measured and the drivers themselves. It concludes with a brief summary of the link between engagement and performance.

Findings
Some key conclusions in the paper are that engagement should not be confused with measures of satisfaction; that a clear distinction should be made between the evidence and reality of engagement and the drivers that cause it; that both should be measured and much more frequently than the typical annual opinion survey; that off-the-shelf surveys should be validated against the specific employees we are surveying and added to if necessary; and that the link between true engagement and improved performance is solidly established.

Originality/value
This paper is based partly on engagement literature and partly on models and experience of the author. It critiques a number of current practices.
Field survey on frost damage to roof tiles under climatic conditions
Authors: Iba Chiemi , Ueda Ayumi , Hokoi Shuichi 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– Frost damage is well-known as the main cause of roof tile deterioration. The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytical model for predicting the deterioration process under certain climatic conditions. This paper describes the results of a field survey conducted to acquire fundamental information useful to this aim.

Design/methodology/approach
– A field survey of roof tile damage by freezing was conducted in an old temple precinct in Kyoto, Japan. Using detailed observations and photographic recordings, the damage progress was clarified. To examine the impact of climatic conditions upon the damage characteristics, weather data and roof tile temperatures were measured and logged in the winter season.

Findings
– The deterioration process was observed under the climatic conditions associated with the measured temperature of the roof tiles. In particular, it was revealed that the orientation has a significant influence on increasing or decreasing the risk of frost damage. For certain distinctive forms of damage, the deterioration mechanisms were estimated from the viewpoint of the moisture flow and temperature distribution in the tile.

Originality/value
– This study contributes to the elucidation of the mechanism behind frost damage to roof tiles. The findings will guide the construction of a numerical model for frost damage prediction.
The presence of physician champions improved Kangaroo Mother Care in rural western India
Authors: Soni Apurv , Amin Amee , Patel Dipen V. , Fahey Nisha , Shah Nikhil , Phatak Ajay G. , Allison Jeroan , Nimbalkar Somashekhar M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimThis study determined the effect of physician champions on the two main components of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC): skin‐to‐skin care and breastfeeding.MethodsKMC practices among a retrospective cohort of 648 infants admitted to a rural Indian neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between January 5, 2011 and October 7, 2014 were studied. KMC champions were identified based on their performance evaluation. We examined the effect of withdrawing physician champions on overall use, time to initiation and intensity of skin‐to‐skin care and breastfeeding, using separate models.ResultsIn comparison with when KMC champions were present, their absence was associated with a 45% decrease in the odds of receiving skin‐to‐skin care, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 64% to 17%, a 38% decrease in the rate of initiation skin‐to‐skin care (95% CI 53–82%) and an average of 1.47 less hours of skin‐to‐skin care (95% CI −2.07 to −0.86). Breastfeeding practices were similar across the different champion environments.ConclusionWithdrawing physician champions from the NICU setting was associated with a decline in skin‐to‐skin care, but not breastfeeding. Training health care workers and community stakeholders to become champions could help to scale up and maintain KMC practices.
The development of an intervention package to prevent children under five years old drowning in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mosharaf , Mani Kulanthayan K.C. , Mohd Sidik Sherina , Kadir Shahar Hayati 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimThere are an estimated 372 000 worldwide deaths by drowning every year, and it has been described as a secret epidemic in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to develop an intervention package to prevent children under the age of five from drowning in rural Bangladesh.MethodsThis was a qualitative study using focus group discussions in three villages in rural Bangladesh. The 45 participants were mothers and fathers with children under five, the parents of children who had drowned and community leaders.ResultsThe majority of the participants (71%) were male. The focus groups revealed that most drowning's occurred between 11am and 2pm and that risk factors included the following: children not being able to swim, ditches that were not filled in, lack of medical facilities, parents who were not aware of childhood drowning and lack of information through the media about how to prevent of childhood drowning. Suggestions included using a mobile‐based short messaging service or voice calls to parents, especially mothers, could increase awareness and reduce the risk of childhood drowning.ConclusionA safety education programme could be effective in increasing knowledge and changing attitudes, which could prevent drowning among children in Bangladesh.
The influence of a parasitoid's response to temperature on the performance of a tri‐trophic food web
Authors: FLORES‐MEJIA SANDRA , GUAY JEAN‐FRÉDÉRIC , FOURNIER VALÉRIE , CLOUTIER CONRAD 
Published: April 2016

1. Food web interactions are complex and can respond to environmental changes in unpredictable ways that do not necessarily equate to the individual responses of each of the components of the food web.2. Biomass can be used to evaluate the productivity of the three individual trophic levels, in the form of the Net Generational Productivity (NGP) and the performance of the entire food web with the newly developed tri‐trophic food web performance ratio (ϕ3t).3. These parameters were used to evaluate the performance of nine plant‐based tri‐trophic food webs composed of: potato, Solanum tuberosum L. and two cultivars of bell pepper Capsicum annuum L; three biotypes of the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).4. The NGP showed that the thermal window for biomass productivity for each trophic level is different and is reduced by approximately 4 °C with respect to the inferior level. Aphidius ervi had the smallest thermal window for biomass productivity and development.5. The present results showed that the performance (ϕ3t) of the tested food webs is influenced in a top‐down fashion, where the intra‐specific variation of the food web, namely the host plant, played a major role in the productivity of each of the subsequent trophic levels.6. The ϕ3t suggested that exposure to high and low temperatures might severely affect the effectiveness of A. ervi as a biocontrol agent of the aphid M. euphorbiae in bell pepper and potato crops.
Widespread cortical thinning in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Kim S.‐H. , Kwak K. , Hyun J.‐W. , Jeong I. H. , Jo H.‐J. , Joung A. , Kim J.‐H. , Lee S. H. , Yun S. , Joo J. , Lee J.‐M. , Kim H. J. 
Published: April 2016

Background and purposeStudies on cortical involvement and its relationship with cognitive function in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remain scarce. The objective of this study was to compare cortical thickness on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between patients with NMOSD and multiple sclerosis (MS) and to investigate its relationship with clinical features and cognitive function.MethodsThis observational clinical imaging study of 91 patients with NMOSD, 52 patients with MS and 44 healthy controls was conducted from 1 December 2013 to 30 April 2015 at the institutional referral center. Three tesla MRI of the brain and neuropsychological tests were performed. Cortical thickness was measured using three‐dimensional surface‐based analysis.ResultsBoth sets of patients exhibited cortical thinning throughout the entire brain cortex. Patients with MS showed a significantly greater reduction in cortical thickness over broad regions of the bilateral frontal and parieto‐temporal cortices and the left precuneus compared to those with NMOSD. Memory functions in patients with MS were correlated with broad regional cortical thinning, whereas no significant associations were observed between cortical thickness and cognitive function in patients with NMOSD.ConclusionsWidespread cortical thinning was observed in patients with NMOSD and MS, but the extent of cortical thinning was greater in patients with MS. The more severe cortical atrophy may contribute to memory impairment in patients with MS but not in those with NMOSD. These results provide in vivo evidence that the severity and clinical relevance of cortical thinning differ between NMOSD and MS.
Host behavior modification of Achaearanea tingo (Araneae: Theridiidae) induced by the parasitoid wasp Zatypota alborhombarta (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Gonzaga Marcelo O. , Loffredo Ana Paula , Penteado‐Dias Angélica M. , Cardoso João Custódio F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBehavioral manipulation involving Zatypota (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) parasitoids and their spider hosts is usually associated with an increase in web complexity at the location where the parasitoid larva builds its cocoon. A higher number of web threads at this location may improve stability and provide a physical barrier against potential predators. However, we observed that parasitized individuals of Achaearanea tingo attacked by Z. alborhombarta change the three‐dimensional structure of their webs to a very simple and strong structure composed of two cables attached to the surrounding vegetation. This structure holds the curled leaf formerly used by the spider as a shelter. The parasitoid larva remains protected within this shelter after killing the host. The architectural pattern of the cocoon webs of A. tingo indicates that host manipulation is characterized by the repetition of one specific subroutine involved in web construction. Similar alterations have been previously described for cocoon webs constructed by parasitized orb‐weavers, but not for the three‐dimensional webs of theridiids.
Surface water connectivity drives richness and composition of Arctic lake fish assemblages
Authors: Laske Sarah M. , Haynes Trevor B. , Rosenberger Amanda E. , Koch Joshua C. , Wipfli Mark S. , Whitman Matthew , Zimmerman Christian E. 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Surface water connectivity can influence the richness and composition of fish assemblages, particularly in harsh environments where colonisation factors and access to seasonal refugia are required for species persistence.

Studies regarding influence of connectivity on Arctic fish distributions are limited and are rarely applied to whole assemblage patterns. To increase our understanding of how surface water connectivity and related hydrologic variables influence assemblage patterns, we investigated species richness and composition of Arctic lake fishes over a large region, 8500 km2, of the central Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska.

We collected fish presence/non‐detection data from 102 lakes and used a hierarchical multispecies occupancy framework to derive species richness and inform species composition patterns. Our mean estimate of regional richness was 12.3 (SD 0.5) species. Presence of a permanent channel connection was an overriding factor affecting species richness (mean 3.6, 95% CI 3.1–4.9), presumably driving lake colonisation potential. In lakes without a permanent channel connection, data suggest richness (mean 2.0, 95% CI 1.7–3.3) increased with the availability of in‐lake winter refugia and with the potential of ephemeral connections during spring floods.

Fish species functional traits and environmental faunal filters contributed to patterns of richness and assemblage composition. Composition corresponded with richness in a coherent manner, where each successive level of richness contained several discrete assemblages that showed similar responses to the environment. Lakes with permanent channel connections contained both widespread and restricted species, while the species‐poor lakes that lacked a connection contained mainly widespread species.

This work provides useful baseline information on the processes that drive the relations between patch connectivity and fish species richness and assemblage composition. The environmental processes that organise fish assemblages in Arctic lakes are likely to change in a warming climate.
A garlic substance disrupts odorant‐binding protein recognition of insect pheromones released from adults of the angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Ma M. , Chang M.‐M. , Lei C.‐L. , Yang F.‐L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella, is one of the most serious stored‐grain pests worldwide. Control of this moth may be achieved by interfering with olfactory pathways to disrupt male–female communication with sex pheromones, using plant volatiles like garlic or its active substances. Here, three odorant‐binding protein (OBP) genes [namely Si. cerealella general OBP 1 (ScerGOBP1), ScerGOBP2 and Si. cerealella pheromone‐binding protein (ScerPBP)] were cloned from Si. cerealella antennae, and quantitative real‐time PCR showed that these genes were predominantly expressed in adult antennae. ScerPBP expression was male‐biased, but ScerGOBP1 and ScerGOBP2 were similar between sexes. The results of competitive binding assays indicated that a garlic substance, diallyl trisulphide (DATS), had similar or even higher binding affinity to ScerPBP than Si. cerealella sex pheromone, 7Z, 11E‐hexadecadien‐1‐ol acetate (HDA). In olfactometer bioassays, DATS significantly reduced the response of adults to HDA when they were exposed to air filled with HDA and DATS. Surprisingly, ScerGOBP2, which is postulated to be involved in the detection of general odours, displayed higher affinity with HDA than did ScerPBP, indicating that ScerGOBP2 may also have a role in pheromone perception. These data suggest that DATS may interfere with recognition of female‐produced sex pheromone, disrupting female and male mating behaviour and resulting in a new idea for controlling stored grain pests.
Motherhood Motivations: African Refugee Women Resettled in Australia and Return Visits to a Country of First Asylum
Authors: Ramsay Georgina 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article expands on conceptualizations of refugee “return” by examining why African women resettled as refugees in Australia return to visit the country of first asylum from which they were previously resettled. I show that their return visits do not relate to attachment to place, but are motivated by social obligations to practise “motherhood” to family members who, due to conflict‐induced displacement, remain in a country of first asylum. I argue that the phenomenon of refugee “return” cannot be conflated exclusively with return to country of origin but is, for African women in particular, centred on the reinvigoration of care relationships across diasporic settings of asylum in which family remain. Building on an emergent focus on feminization in migration studies, I show how these gendered dynamics of refugee “return” are an entry point from which to re‐consider how scholarship and policy take into account “family” in contexts of forced migration.
Parent insights into atypicalities of social approach behaviour in Williams syndrome
Authors: Lough E. , Rodgers J. , Janes E. , Little K. , Riby D. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Williams syndrome have been reported to show high levels of social interest and a desire to interact with others irrespective of their familiarity. This high social motivation, when combined with reduced intellectual capacity and a profile of atypical social behaviour, is important in terms of social vulnerability of individuals with the disorder. Therefore, social approach to unfamiliar people and the role of this behaviour within the Williams syndrome (WS) social phenotype warrant further research to inform social skills' intervention design.MethodsThe current study used parent interviews (n = 21) to probe aspects of social behaviour and interactions with strangers, as well as the impact of such behaviour on the family. Using thematic analysis, it was possible to explore themes that emerged from the interviews, offering qualitatively rich insight into the variability of social approach behaviour in WS.ResultsThematic analysis confirmed a significant desire to interact with strangers as well as a lack of awareness of appropriate social boundaries. However, parental reports about their child's social approach behaviour varied considerably. The within‐syndrome variability of the sample was emphasised in parental reports of their child's personality characteristics (e.g. levels of impulsiveness), as well as the level of parental supervision employed.ConclusionsThese in‐depth parent insights can help target the needs of individuals with WS and emphasise that an individual approach to intervention will be essential because of the heterogeneity of the WS social profile.
Pharmacokinetics of centhaquin citrate in a dog model
Authors: O'Donnell J Nicholas , O'Donnell E Paul , Kumar E Jeevan , Lavhale Manish S , Andurkar Shridhar V , Gulati Anil , Scheetz Marc H 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Centhaquin citrate is a novel agent that is being developed for use in the resuscitation of patients with haemorrhagic shock. While pharmacokinetics have been described in small animal models, the pharmacokinetic parameters of centhaquin citrate in large mammals have yet to be described.

Methods
Four healthy Beagle dogs (two males and two females) were given an intravenous bolus of 1.0 mg/kg centhaquin citrate. Plasma concentrations were measured at baseline and at ten time points within 24 h after administration. Multiple compartmental models were built and compared. The nonparametric adaptive grid function within the Pmetrics package for R was used for parameter estimation. Predicted concentrations were calculated using population mean and individual Bayesian posterior parameters.

Key Findings
Centhaquin citrate pharmacokinetic parameters were best described using a two-compartment model. Median (IQR) values for Ke, Vc, Vp, Kcp and Kpc were 4.9 (4.4–5.2) h−1, 328.4 (304.0–331.9) l, 1000.6 (912.3–1042.4) l, 10.6 (10.3–11.1) h−1 and 3.2 (2.9–3.7) h−1, respectively.

Conclusions
Pharmacokinetic parameters of centhaquin citrate in a large mammal have been described. A large volume of distribution and rapid elimination were observed, consistent with previous work in rats.
Activation of endothelial NO synthase by a xanthine derivative ameliorates hypoxia-induced apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Wu Jiunn-Ren , Hsu Jong-Hau , Dai Zen-Kong , Wu Bin-Nan , Chen Ing-Jun , Liou Shu-Fen , Yeh Jwu-Lai 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Endothelial damage is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis and hypertension. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are primitive bone marrow (BM) cells that possess the capacity to mature into endothelial cells and play a role in neovascularization and vascular remodelling. This study aimed to investigate whether KMUP-1, a synthetic xanthine-based derivative, atorvastatin and simvastatin, can prevent endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis induced by hypoxia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
Mononuclear cells were separated and were induced to differentiate into EPCs. KMUP-1, atorvastatin or simvastatin were administered prior to hypoxia.

Key findings
We found that EPCs exposed to hypoxia increased apoptosis as well as diminished proliferation. Pretreatment with KMUP-1, atorvastatin and simvastatin significantly prevented hypoxia-induced EPCs death and apoptosis, with associated increased of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and reduced caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression. We also assessed the nitrite production and Ser(1177)-phospho-eNOS expression and found that KMUP-1, atorvastatin and simvastatin not only increased the secretion of NO compared with the hypoxia group but also upregulated the eNOS activation.

Conclusions
KMUP-1 inhibited hypoxia-induced dysfunction and apoptosis in EPCs, which may be mediated through suppressing oxidative stress, upregulating eNOS and downregulating the caspase-3 signalling pathway.
Efficacy of Crystalline Lysine in Alternative Diets for Pond‐raised Hybrid Catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus
Authors: Li Menghe H. , Lucas Penelope M. , Kingery Kyle , Bosworth Brian G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA study was conducted to examine the efficacy of crystalline lysine in alternative diets for pond‐raised hybrid catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus. Two 28% protein alternative diets supplemented with l‐lysine HCl at the required level based on 62% (previously published value) or 100% lysine availability were compared with a traditional 28% protein control diet. Hybrid catfish fingerlings (mean initial weight = 43 g/fish) were stocked into 15 earthen ponds (0.04 ha) at a density of 14,826 fish/ha with five ponds per treatment. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation for a 173‐d growing season. There were no significant differences in total diet fed, net yield, weight gain, and survival among dietary treatments. There were also no significant differences in carcass yield, fillet yield, and fillet proximate composition and fillet lysine concentration among treatments. Fish fed the traditional control diet had slightly, but significantly, lower feed conversion ratio than fish fed alternative diets, which is likely related to higher dietary fiber levels in the alternative diets. Results from this study show that crystalline lysine can be considered 100% available when used to supplement lysine‐deficient diets for pond‐raised hybrid catfish.