bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análise de Eventos Extremos na Região Amazônica (Analysis of Extreme Events in the Amazon Region)
Authors: Santos Thalyta Soares dos , Gomes Ana Carla dos Santos , Coutinho Maytê Duarte Leal , Silva Allan Rodrigues , Castro Aline Anderson de 
Published: January 2018

A frequência de eventos severos e extremos de seca e chuva na Amazônia foi analisada utilizando o Índice de Precipitação Normalizada (SPI) nas escalas de 6 (sazonal estação seca/chuvosa) e 12 meses (interanual). A frequência de eventos secos e chuvosos é importante para a climatologia da região, que é considerada um regulador climático global. Para isso foram selecionadas as séries climatológicas, de 1925 a 2000, de seis localidades da região Amazônica: Belém, Cuiabá, Iauretê, Manaus, Porto Velho, Taguatinga. Os SPIs, 6 e 12, que quantificam excesso ou déficit de chuva, nestas duas escalas de tempo, foram calculados a partir dos ajustes de distribuição gama, pelo método da máxima verossimilhança às médias móveis de 6 e 12 meses das precipitações mensais. Esses foram computados a partir da normalização das probabilidades gama, pelos seus respectivos desvios padrões. As séries temporais dos SPIs 6 e 12, mostram longos períodos de oscilação entre eventos secos e chuvosos. A frequência decenal de ambos SPIs indica variações entre as décadas mais chuvosas e secas nos municípios estudados. As décadas mais chuvosas e secas são periódicas para as duas escalas de tempo analisadas em todas as estações, exceto Iauretê.

A B S T R A C T
The frequency of severe and extremes events of drought and rainfall in the Amazon was analyzed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in the scales of six months (dry/wet seasons) and 12 months (inter-annual). This is important for the climatology of the region, which is considered a global climate regulator. With this objective, the climatological series from 1925 to 2000 were selected for six locations in the Amazon region: Belém, Cuiabá, Iauretê, Manaus, Porto Velho and Taguatinga. With the aim of quantify the excess or deficit of rainfall in the selected time scales, the SPIs 6 and 12 were calculated using the fit of the gamma distribution by the maximum likelihood method for the moving averages 6 and 12 months of monthly precipitation. These were computed from the normalization of gamma probabilities by its standard deviation. The time series of SPIs 6 and 12, show long periods of oscillation between dry and wet events. The frequency of both SPIs indicates variations between wet and dry decades in the cities studied. Wetter and drier decades were shown to be periodic for the two time scales considered in all locations, except for Iauretê.
Key-Words: SPI, Amazon, Drought, Rain
Prevalencia de sensibilidad a aeroalérgenos en el servicio de inmunología del Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas María, Honduras, 2016
Authors: Gonzales-González Victoria Alejandra , Díaz-Flores Adolfo Martín , Fernández-Zelaya Karla Zobeyda , Rivera-Reyes María Félix 
Published: January 2018

Antecedentes: Las enfermedades alérgicas constituyen un problema de salud pública; se estima que entre 30 y 40 % de la población mundial se encuentra afectada por alguna. Conocer la prevalencia de sensibilización a alérgenos permite ofrecer diagnósticos y tratamientos adecuados. En Honduras no se cuenta con estudios en pacientes pediátricos.Objetivos: El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar el tipo de sensibilización más frecuente en los niños y su correlación con las enfermedades alérgicas más frecuentes en los pacientes en inmunoterapia del Hospital María de Especialidades Pediátricas.Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo transversal descriptivo en el cual se revisaron los expedientes y base de datos de los pacientes en inmunoterapia alérgica del Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas María entre enero de 2015 y junio de 2016.Resultados: Se evaluaron 215 niños en inmunoterapia, las edades oscilaron entre 3 y 18 años, con una media de 10.8 años. Se identificó que 73.02 % tenía pruebas epicutáneas positivas a aeroalérgenos. Los aeroalérgenos más frecuentes fueron Dermatophagoides farinae y Dermatophagoides psterossynium mix (96.74 %), cucaracha americana (37.21 %), así como Aspergillus fumigatus y Homdonderum cladosporioides (16.28 %).Conclusiones: Los ácaros domésticos y la cucaracha americana constituyeron la mayor causa de sensibilización en pacientes en inmunoterapia.
PENGARUH PEMAKAIAN BAHAN BAKAR BENSIN PREMIUM DAN PERTAMAX TERHADAP TORSI, DAYA EFEKTIF DAN SFCe PADA MOTOR BENSIN EMPAT LANGKAH EMPAT SILINDER
Authors: Nuarsa I Made 
Published: January 2018

Fuel quality had a major effect on improvement of the engine performance. One of the reason is the engine performance to get off is detonation occurs in the combustion chamber. To support this effort is by using high octane fuel as Pertamax. By using those fuel, it is expected to economize the fuel consumption and reduces air pollution level. There by the improvement of the engine performance is expected to be happening. This research was done to analyse the effect of premium and pertamax consumption in terms of torque, effective power and specific fuel consumption effective (SFCe) on Daihatsu Feroza engine 1589 cc. The instrument for measuring the torque of engine were trommel and brake power system by using brake material that adopts brake prony system. The experiment was done at wide open throttle (WOT) at fourth transmission at 1600 rpm, 2100 rpm, 2600 rpm, 3100 rpm, and 3600 rpm. The experiment result was gained maximum of torque, effective power and specific fuel consumption effective (SFCe) to premium gasoline RON 88 at 3600 rpm severally is 12,92 Kg.m, 64,93 PS and 0,10 L/PS.jam and to pertamax gasoline RON 92 severally is 13,52 Kg.m, 67,97 PS and 0,09 L/PS.jam. Average increasing of torque and effective power equal to 6,52% and 6,79%. While the average degradation of spesific fuel consumption effective (SFCe) equal to 16,18%.
Aplikasi Rekayasa Nilai (Value Engineering) Pada Desain Tungku Briket Arang Biomassa Sistem Kontinyu Berpengapian Semi Otomatis Sebagai Upaya Mempermudah Pemanfaatan Energi Alternatif Mengganti Minyak Tanah
Authors: Wijana Made , Joniarta I Wayan 
Published: January 2018

The biomassa charcoal briquet is one of principal component of cooking in household scale which has some weakness in its operation, such as take a long time for beginning ignitation, flame energy is not stable, the putting out can not be done quickly, once filling up for once cooking. Impractical operational of briquet stove caused people did not want to change the use of petroleum stove to the use of biomass briquet stove. Hence, biomass charcoal briquet stove is modified in order to simplify its operation by increase fungsional aspect, technique aspect, and economical aspect. The method used in this research is value engineering method in order to choose one alternative of modification of biomass charcoal briquet stove and analyze with five phase of job planning that include (1) information phase, (2) creative phase, (3) analysis phase, (4) development phase, and (5) presentation phase. At the analysis phase, it is made analysis to eight alternatives of modification and one initial design which is used as reference of performance evaluation. The evaluation result at development phase is the seventh alternative of modification has the highest value that is 1,358 with performance 425,10 and gives some advantages, those are cooking speed is increased (boilling water in seven minute per liter), operational simplicity is very increased that is once filling up for cooking repeatedly (continue system), cutting out of fire can be done quickly without taking apart of stove (semi automatic), pollution is decreased and stinging smell is not happen. Biomass charcoal briquet stove has high economic value, because its operasional is almost the same as petroleum stove and its operational cost is a quarter of petroleum stove cost. So, it is good to be developed and applied to society.
ANALISA KELAYAKAN ETANOL KADAR RENDAH SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR PADA KOMPOR BERGRAVITASI
Authors: Wardi Salim Ahmad , Mara Made , Padang Yesung Allo 
Published: January 2018

Low grade alcohol is energy that can be renewed. when compared to kerosene and LPG, bioethanol stove is non explossive, does not require a large pressure and easy to manufacture.This study to determine the effect of the height and length of heating coil burner water heating time, preparation time and fuel consumption. The principle of low grade of ethanol stove is used the position of the fuel tank height and speed up the process of evaporation. Variations used in this study is the length of the heating coil burner that is 55 cm, 75 cm, 95cm, and height is given by 1.5 m, 1.75 m, and 2 m.The results indicate that the use water heating fastest time obtained at 2 m height variation with of 95 cm burner heating coil of 790 seconds. At the time of preparation reduction obtained at the optimal height variation of 1.5 mand lenghth 95 cm of burner heating coils is 328 sekonds. The lowest fuel consumption obtained when using length variation burner heating coil 55 cm and a height of 1.5 m at 0.132 ml/sec.
PENGARUH PREHEAT DAN TEMPERING TERHADAP KEKERASAN DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO HASIL PENGELASAN BAJA JIS SS 400
Authors: Askar Saiful , Sinarep S. , Sari Nasmi Herlina 
Published: January 2018

JIS steel SS 400 is one of the most common types of steel used for hot rolling steel structures general. This steel is excellented to the weldability and machinability properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of heat treatment with preheating without tempering (PTT), with preheating and tempering (PT), without preheating and without tempering (TPTT), and without preheating tempering (TPT). The test results are then compared with the raw material specimens. Method of forming specimens using welding SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) DC reverse polarity using E7018 type electrode diameter of 4 mm. Type of seam used is V open seam with slit width and height of 2 mm and the width of the root angle 70o. This studied used a low alloy steel (JIS steel SS 400) which contain high levels of 0.20% C, maximum 0.005% S, maximum 0.005% P with repetitions each variation three times. Tests conducted it has testing the tensile strength, brinell hardness testing, and microstructure photo shoot. Value of the brinell hardness of welded joints highest in the tempering specimens without preheating, amounting with 163,911 HB hardness value. The structure of cementite and pearlite formed. While the lowest hardness values of specimens owned by raw material is 120,498 HB hardness values that form the microstructure of pearlite and ferrite.
ANALISA PENGARUH LAMA FERMENTASI DAN TEMPERATUR DISTILASI TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK (SPECIFIC GRAVITY DAN NILAI KALOR) BIOETANOL BERBAHAN BAKU NANAS (ANANAS COMOSUS)
Authors: Sutanto Rudy , Jaya Harisman , Mulyanto Arif 
Published: January 2018

Indonesia is one of the countries which has a largest pineaple plantation in Asia, that is more than 165.690 hektare besides Thailand, Filipina, and Malaysia. Pineaple is one of the plants which contains karbohidrat and sugar as well as corn, cassava, sugar palm, etc. Thus in this occasion the pineaple will be used as material for producing bioetanol cause besides its quantity is large, it’s potential to make bioetanol. This research head for identify the efect of fermentation periode and distilation temperature as independent variable to the specific gravity and heating value as dependent variable. In this research the fermentation periode used are 5, 7, and 9 days while distilation temperature are 60, 75, and 800C. Producing of this pineaple bioetanol is doing by fermentation proses. In producing this pineaple bioetanol each sample which mass is 1750 gr added with 75 gr crushed yeast or equal with 4,3 % mass of sample. From the research it’s found that the alcohol content is increase with fermentation periode and decresing of distilation temperature. Specific gravity decrease with increasing of fermentation periode and decreasing of distilation temperature. Heating value is increase with increasing of fermentation periode and deacreasing of distilation temperature.
APLIKASI BREAK EVEN POINT PADA PEMBUATAN ROTI Studi Kasus: Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) Roti (Rotiku Rotimu) Desa Babakan
Authors: Wijana Made , Triadi A.A. ALit , Kholiq Muhammad 
Published: January 2018

In recent years many companies both micro and macro level national and international emerging. As UKM (Usaha Kecil Menengah) have an important role in opening new jobs and boost economic growth of a region. With the development of business world has been brought towards the increasingly fierce competition. That businesses are required to conduct an economic analysis that can help entrepreneurs to consider actions proposed in choosing the alternatives or strategic decision.This research aimed to analyze the feasibility of the operation of UKM bread (my bread your bread) Babakan Village by using BEP (Break Even Point).Location research Babakan Village, District Cakranegara, West Lombok. By collecting various kinds of costs of making bread among other fixed costs and variable costs as well as to record income from the sale of bread in a period of 1 year. Examples of fixed costs is the cost of equipment, maintenance costs, the cost of building and examples of variable costs is the cost of raw materials, the cost of operation of the device, the cost of salaries, the cost of packaging.The results of this research indicate that UKM income Bread (my bread your bread) for 1 year is Rp. 912,000,000.00 of the total production of 1.14 million pieces of bread. This UKM bread achieve the BEP (Break Even Point) occurred in the month 4th at a fixed cost is Rp.30,250,733,33 and VC (Variable Cost) is Rp.212,240,114,71 on the amount of bread produced 303114 fruit bread with a TC (total cost) Rp.242,490,848.04. So that UKM Bread (my bread your bread) feasible to be operated. With the increase in the selling price of Rp.850.00 fried bread resulting increase in profit of Rp57,000,000.00 while the selling price of Rp.750.00 fried bread resulted in a decrease in profit of Rp.57,000,000.00 while equally produce 1.14 million pieces bread. By lowering the variable costs, employers can accelerate the achievement of breakeven levels (Break Even Point).
BENDING AFTER IMPACTKOMPOSIT SANDWICH BERPENGUAT SERAT BAMBU-FIBERGLASS DENGAN COREPOLYURETHANE RIGID FOAM
Authors: Catur Agus Dwi , Sinarep S. , Setyawan Paryanto Dwi , Zainuri Achmad , Supriadi S. 
Published: January 2018

Impact of the composite sandwich made of materials that become defect, how defects after impact in material need to be examined .Is that defected composites and wich still has the strength toremain in use?, then the bending after impact strength testing must be done to answer these questions.Composite sandwich with bamboo fiber-fiber glass reinforcement and with a core of 25mm rigid polyurethane foam sheet was produced. Composite sandwich made with two composite sandwich laminate as skinflanking the core. Laminated composite sandwich in this study varied number of layers of reinforcing fibers and type of fiber. Specimens subjected to drop weight impact with varying energy then defect researched and bending after impact strengthtested. Defects formed on the composite experiencing a drop weight impact loads are: delamination, basin and through hole. The more layers of reinforcing fibers in the composite skin causing moreshallowbasinformed by theresidualimpact. The greater the impact energy causes greater depth of residual basin. Composite sandwich still has the bending strength after impact. Residual bending strength decreases with increasing impact energy imposed on the composite.
PENGARUH JUMLAH PIPA TERHADAP LAJU PELEPASAN KALOR PADA KOLEKTOR SURYA ABSORBER BATU GRANIT
Authors: Wirawan Made , Mirmanto Mirmanto , Sutanto Rudy 
Published: January 2018

Fossil energies as un-renewable energies have been getting depletion. Therefore, the use of alternative energy should be raised. One of the alternative energies is solar energy. Solar energy does not pollute the environment and is categorized as a renewable energy which is free and plentiful. In this research, the solar energy was used to heat water by operating granite absorber solar collectors. The water was flowed naturally from a higher tank and adjusted using a valve fitted at the outlet of the collector. The volumetric rates of the water were 200, 250 and 300 cc/minutes. Two identical solar collectors with an overall dimension of 0,8 m x 1 m x 0,1 m were placed under the sun and faced to the North with an inclination angle of 15°. One collector contained 5 parallel pipes and the other comprised 7 parallel pipes. Data obtained in this research are glass cover temperatures, an ambient temperature, absorber temperatures, inlet and outlet water temperatures, and water volumetric rates. The results show that the 7 parallel pipe collector products higher outlet water temperature and energy than the 5 parallel pipe collector. Consequently, in the process of energy removal/discharge, the heat stored in the 7 parallel pipe collector runs out quicker.
RANCANGAN RUANG PENGERING BERBASIS ERGONOMI MENURUNKAN KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PERAJIN IKAN
Authors: Susana I Gede Bawa 
Published: January 2018

With traditional fish drying process, most possible can cause an unhealthy working posture , such as a squatting action. As a consequence , worker will suffer a musculoskeletal disorders because of not ergonomic tools and bad working posture. Without ergonomics working procedures was found that the average of musculoskeletal complaints after working is 52.25 ± 1.03. To solve this ccomplaints, a drying chamber based ergonomics design was built in order to reduce musculoskeletal disorders. Dimensions of the drying chamber were based on anthropometric data of fish craftsmen and the material of drying chamber was by the participatory method. Test was performed on 20 samples and the result showed that the mean rate of musculoskeletal complaints after working is 38.30 ± 1.30. The ergonomic based design for drying camber application can reduce the musculoskeletal complaints up to 26.7%.
Optimasi topologi pada komponen penampan mesin printer 3dimensi dengan metode generative desain
Authors: Utama D.W. 
Published: January 2018

The process of developing a product is currently demanded faster implementation, where the use of CAD can help speed up the process of product development. The commonly CAD software used is parametric method software, where the user can change the shape of the model by changing the parameters accordingly, after which, the model can be directly analyzed using finite element analysis method. If the design is needed to be changed, then the designer should change the parameters in CAD module and then performed FEA analysis again. This process is often done repeatedly to produce a product model that meets the needs and criteria specified. Generative design method is a method that uses a series of design criteria and design limitations. In this paper the generative design method is a feature in CAD where topology optimization is applied in creating the design of the tray table. The tray table is the main component of the 3D printer that has design criteria such as static load of 17.912N and geometric boundaries. The generative design used to optimize the weight of the component is reshaped again according to the criteria and aesthetics of the form. The CAD model is retested with the FEA method to ensure safe design. The results show that the best optimazation is at 55% weight reduction with the von mises stress 2.12 MPa and the deflection about 0.129mm.
Modified atmosphere storage (mas) buah pisang
Authors: Libyawati Wina , Eka Lesmana I Gede , Raynold A. , Agustian Hafidan , Mahardhika L. 
Published: January 2018

Healthy life style based on natural food consumption, has been implemented by the society to increase health quality. Minimally processed technology is used to slow down food decay time in the storage room. Minimally processed techology is consist of Controlled Atmosphere Storage (CAS), Modified Atmosphere Storage (MAS), Freeze Driying, and blansir. MAS is food storage technology by conditioning the air composition (especially oxygen level). Banana is an object of MAS implementation, due to its all session fruit and shorter life time. Previous MAS studies used long bean as the object and managed to improve the life time until 15 days.The purpose of this study is to implement MAS to lengthen banana life time. MAS design use Ulrich Eppinger method. Simulation of Turbulance Kinetic Energy (TKE) in the sparger and MAS installation use ANSYS 16.2. The experimental to test sparger and installation is conducted for 6 hours for the sparger and 24 hours for the installation. Afterward the correlation between parameter is calculated by using least square method. The outcome of this research is MAS for banana in order to be used by SME with capacity of 4.77 m3, mixture time is 24 hours, TKE number in the sparger is 582.6448 J/kg, TKE number in the installation is 715.6 J/kg, oxygen level in the sparger is 5.7%, oxygen level in MAS installation is 8.5%, glucose of banana located in the storage room is 9.5%, and banana life time able to achiave 14 days.
Pengaruh variasi besar lubang dan tebal plat terhadap boiling time, lama nyala dan laju pembakaran pada desain kompor biomassa tongkol jagung
Authors: Joniarta I Wayan , Wijana Made 
Published: January 2018

The biomass stove is designed to utilize fuel chunks. The main principle of the stove design is to utilize the outside air coming into the stove through the hole on the underside. The air coming into the stove is divided becoming primary air and secondary air. The primary air enters from under the burning sleeve to the fuel, while the secondary air enters from the top hole of the burning sleeve and burns the combustion gas containing fuel-burning substances. In this study, the fuel used was corncob with a diameter of 3-4 cm, a length of 6-7 cm, and moisture contents ranging from 14%-16%. The stove used consists of 8 variations of the design model. Independent variables in this study were plate thickness, outer air hole diameter, secondary air hole diameter, and primary air hole diameter. While the dependent variables investigated were boiling time and flaming duration. The fastest boiling time was 2.07 minutes achieved from the stove designed no 3. Meanwhile, The longest flaming duration was 13.24 minutes shown by the stove no 6. There for the fastest burning rate was 0,00708 kg/s was sown stove designed no 6, and the latest burning rate was 0,00474 kg/s achieved from the stove no 6. This different result is influenced by the density of the corncobe, the density of the biomass fuel will be quikly burned and very fast oxidation.