bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni infection in the gnotobiotic piglet and genome-wide identification of bacterial factors required for infection
Authors: de Vries Stefan P. W. , Linn Aileen , Macleod Kareen , MacCallum Amanda , Hardy Simon P. , Douce Gill , Watson Eleanor , Dagleish Mark P. , Thompson Hal , Stevenson Andy , Kennedy David , Baig Abiyad , Coward Chris , Maskell Duncan J. , Smith David G. E. , Grant Andrew J. , Everest Paul 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo investigate how Campylobacter jejuni causes the clinical symptoms of diarrhoeal disease in humans, use of a relevant animal model is essential. Such a model should mimic the human disease closely in terms of host physiology, incubation period before onset of disease, clinical signs and a comparable outcome of disease. In this study, we used a gnotobiotic piglet model to study determinants of pathogenicity of C. jejuni. In this model, C. jejuni successfully established infection and piglets developed an increased temperature with watery diarrhoea, which was caused by a leaky epithelium and reduced bile re-absorption in the intestines. Further, we assessed the C. jejuni genes required for infection of the porcine gastrointestinal tract utilising a transposon (Tn) mutant library screen. A total of 123 genes of which Tn mutants showed attenuated piglet infection were identified. Our screen highlighted a crucial role for motility and chemotaxis, as well as central metabolism. In addition, Tn mutants of 14 genes displayed enhanced piglet infection. This study gives a unique insight into the mechanisms of C. jejuni disease in terms of host physiology and contributing bacterial factors.
Visualising recalcitrance by colocalisation of cellulase, lignin and cellulose in pretreated pine biomass using fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Donaldson Lloyd , Vaidya Alankar 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMapping the location of bound cellulase enzymes provides information on the micro-scale distribution of amenable and recalcitrant sites in pretreated woody biomass for biofuel applications. The interaction of a fluorescently labelled cellulase enzyme cocktail with steam-exploded pine (SEW) was quantified using confocal microscopy. The spatial distribution of Dylight labelled cellulase was quantified relative to lignin (autofluorescence) and cellulose (Congo red staining) by measuring their colocalisation using Pearson correlations. Correlations were greater in cellulose-rich secondary cell walls compared to lignin-rich middle lamella but with significant variations among individual biomass particles. The distribution of cellulose in the pretreated biomass accounted for 30% of the variation in the distribution of enzyme after correcting for the correlation between lignin and cellulose. For the first time, colocalisation analysis was able to quantify the spatial distribution of amenable and recalcitrant sites in relation to the histochemistry of cellulose and lignin. This study will contribute to understanding the role of pretreatment in enzymatic hydrolysis of recalcitrant softwood biomass.
Chemogenetic stimulation of the hypoglossal neurons improves upper airway patency
Authors: Fleury Curado Thomaz , Fishbein Kenneth , Pho Huy , Brennick Michael , Dergacheva Olga , Sennes Luiz U. , Pham Luu V. , Ladenheim Ellen E. , Spencer Richard , Mendelowitz David , Schwartz Alan R. , Polotsky Vsevolod Y. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep. OSA leads to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of OSA has been linked to a defect in neuromuscular control of the pharynx. There is no effective pharmacotherapy for OSA. The objective of this study was to determine whether upper airway patency can be improved using chemogenetic approach by deploying designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADD) in the hypoglossal motorneurons. DREADD (rAAV5-hSyn-hM3(Gq)-mCherry) and control virus (rAAV5-hSyn-EGFP) were stereotactically administered to the hypoglossal nucleus of C57BL/6J mice. In 6–8 weeks genioglossus EMG and dynamic MRI of the upper airway were performed before and after administration of the DREADD ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) or vehicle (saline). In DREADD-treated mice, CNO activated the genioglossus muscle and markedly dilated the pharynx, whereas saline had no effect. Control virus treated mice showed no effect of CNO. Our results suggest that chemogenetic approach can be considered as a treatment option for OSA and other motorneuron disorders.
Compelling experimental evidence of a Dirac cone in the electronic structure of a 2D Silicon layer
Authors: Sadeddine Sana , Enriquez Hanna , Bendounan Azzedine , Kumar Das Pranab , Vobornik Ivana , Kara Abdelkader , Mayne Andrew J. , Sirotti Fausto , Dujardin Gérald , Oughaddou Hamid 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe remarkable properties of graphene stem from its two-dimensional (2D) structure, with a linear dispersion of the electronic states at the corners of the Brillouin zone (BZ) forming a Dirac cone. Since then, other 2D materials have been suggested based on boron, silicon, germanium, phosphorus, tin, and metal di-chalcogenides. Here, we present an experimental investigation of a single silicon layer on Au(111) using low energy electron diffraction (LEED), high resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (HR-ARPES), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The HR-ARPES data show compelling evidence that the silicon based 2D overlayer is responsible for the observed linear dispersed feature in the valence band, with a Fermi velocity of "Equation missing" comparable to that of graphene. The STM images show extended and homogeneous domains, offering a viable route to the fabrication of silicene-based opto-electronic devices.
Heart rate variability indicates emotional value during pro-social economic laboratory decisions with large external validity
Authors: Fooken Jonas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe present study investigates the external validity of emotional value measured in economic laboratory experiments by using a physiological indicator of stress, heart rate variability (HRV). While there is ample evidence supporting the external validity of economic experiments, there is little evidence comparing the magnitude of internal levels of emotional stress during decision making with external stress. The current study addresses this gap by comparing the magnitudes of decision stress experienced in the laboratory with the stress from outside the laboratory. To quantify a large change in HRV, measures observed in the laboratory during decision-making are compared to the difference between HRV during a university exam and other mental activity for the same individuals in and outside of the laboratory. The results outside the laboratory inform about the relevance of laboratory findings in terms of their relative magnitude. Results show that psychologically induced HRV changes observed in the laboratory, particularly in connection with social preferences, correspond to large effects outside. This underscores the external validity of laboratory findings and shows the magnitude of emotional value connected to pro-social economic decisions in the laboratory.
Polish Vocabulary Development in 2-Year-Olds: Comparisons With English Using the Language Development Survey
Authors: Rescorla Leslie , Constants Holly , Białecka-Pikul Marta , Stępień-Nycz Małgorzata , Ochał Anna 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The objective of this study was to compare vocabulary size and composition in 2-year-olds learning Polish or English as measured by the Language Development Survey (LDS; Rescorla, 1989).

Method

Participants were 199 Polish toddlers (
M
= 24.14 months,
SD
= 0.35) and 422 U.S. toddlers (
M
= 24.69 months,
SD
= 0.78).

Results
Test–retest reliability was .92, internal consistency was .99, and concurrent validity was .55. Girls had higher vocabulary scores than boys. Mean LDS score was significantly lower in Polish than in English, and fewer Polish children had LDS scores >200 words. Also, more words were reported for <25% of the children, and fewer words were reported for ≥75% of the children, in Polish than in English. The cross-linguistic correlation for word frequencies was .44. Noun dominance was comparable in the two languages, and 55 cross-linguistic word matches were found among the top 100 words. Although more Polish than U.S. children had <50 words (18.1% vs. 8.3%), children with <50 words and those with ≥50 words were generally acquiring the same words.

Conclusions
Vocabulary acquisition appeared to be slower in Polish than in English, probably because of the complexity of the language. However, the languages were very similar with respect to vocabulary composition findings.
All-Arthroscopic Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis-Aided Repair of a Patellar Cartilage Defect Using Dry Arthroscopy and a Retraction System
Authors: Puszkarz Mariusz , Kosmalska Lidia , Wiewiorski Martin , Sadlik Boguslaw 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe technique of all-arthroscopic autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC)-aided repair of patellar cartilage lesions using a retraction system and dry arthroscopy has been recently described. We report the first clinical and radiological data at a short-term follow-up. Twelve patients underwent AMIC-aided cartilage repair for a patellar lesion. All steps of the procedure were performed arthroscopically, which include the use of an intra-articularly placed retraction plate for distraction of the patellofemoral joint and evacuation of saline solution for collagen matrix insertion and fixation. Clinical assessment performed before surgery and at a mean follow-up time of 38 months (range: 24–70) included the following scores: Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), and visual analog scale (VAS). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at the follow-up examination, including the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score. The mean KOOS and IKDC scores increased significantly (p < 0.01) from 50.3 and 37.4 points preoperatively to 90.1 and 79.4 postoperatively. The VAS score decreased from 7.8 to 2.3 points. Mean MOCART score at follow-up was 58.3 points. Cartilage repair of patellar lesions aided by a retraction system in a dry arthroscopy setup is a promising approach. Further studies are needed to evaluate this procedure and compare it to existing matrix implantation techniques. The level of evidence for the study is 4 (case series).
Pedobarographic Analysis in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Kocadal Onur , Akman Budak , Şayli Uğur , Altıntaş Faik , Güven Melih 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPedobarographic gait analysis is a useful tool for the determination of loading distributions and alterations on the lower extremity and their reflection on the foot sole after many orthopaedic surgical applications. To date, there have been no studies evaluating the relationship between component alignment and changes of pedobarographic gait analysis in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We aimed to investigate the effects of TKA and prosthetic alignment on the distribution of pedobarographic parameters. Quantitative gait patterns of 47 patients were prospectively evaluated by using pedobarography 1 week before surgery and at the seventh month, on average, postoperatively. Component positions were assessed, and all applications were divided into three groups according to tibial component position as varus, neutral, and valgus. Pedobarographic results were compared between pre- and postoperative values for all applications and compared among the groups. Mean postoperative tibiofemoral angle was 5.4 degrees in valgus, and preoperative knee scores were markedly improved postoperatively. The range of tibial component alignment changed between 1 and 4 degrees in the varus and valgus groups. Plantar loading parameters (force and pressure) were significantly decreased in all operated knees, especially in forefoot and midfoot. In varus tibial components, plantar loading values decreased in midfoot and hindfoot. However, in the neutral and valgus groups, similar alterations of plantar loadings were obtained, which included decreasing in forefoot and midfoot with significant increase in hindfoot. Plantar loading distribution changed statistically significantly after TKA despite good clinical and radiographic results. Tibial component alignment was also responsible for plantar loading distribution. Tibial components in varus position create different foot loading characteristics compared with neutral and valgus aligned components. Pedobarographic evaluation in TKA allows clinicians to obtain a proper understanding of abnormal gait caused by component malposition.
R3 versus R4 Thoracoscopic Sympathectomy for Severe Palmar Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Wei Yiping , Jiang Han , Xu Jianjun , Yu Dongliang , Zhang Wenxiong 
Published: March 2017

Background Thoracoscopic sympathectomy (TS) was the preferred surgical treatment for palmar hyperhidrosis (PH), but postoperative complications such as compensatory sweating (CS) were common. This study was projected to compare R3 versus R4 TS for treating severe PH.
Methods From April 2009 and March 2015, 106 consecutive patients with severe PH underwent bilateral R3 (n = 62) or R4 (n = 44) TS at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. The patients were followed up to evaluate symptom resolution, postoperative complications, satisfaction level, and severity of CS.
Results The 106 patients underwent 212 sympathecotomies and were cured with no severe complications or perioperative mortality. The incidence of minor side effects (such as pneumothorax, gustatory sweating, moist hands, and bradycardia) was similar in both groups. More patients had overdry hands in the R3 group than in the R4 group (6/62 vs. 0/44; p = 0.040). More CS occurred in the R3 group as compared with the R4 group (42/62 vs. 23/44; p = 0.156). The incidence of moderate-to-severe CS was higher in the R3 group than in the R4 group (14/62 vs. 4/40; p = 0.045). Most patients were satisfied with the results, except for three (5.84%) in the R3 group and one (2.27%) in the R4 group.
Conclusion PH can be effectively treated by either R3 or R4 TS, with high rates of patient satisfaction. R4 sympathectomy appears to be associated with less severe CS and should be the choice of denervation level.
Diagnostisches Vorgehen bei Verdacht auf Aderhautmelanom
Authors: Girbardt C. , Rehak M. , Wiedemann P. 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungWird bei der Funduskopie ein Tumor des Augenhintergrunds entdeckt, so gilt es, alle Informationen zusammenzutragen, die die Diagnose eines Aderhautmelanoms bestätigen oder ausschließen können. Dazu steht eine Reihe exakt definierter funduskopischer Kriterien zur Verfügung, mit deren Hilfe allein oftmals bereits ein hohes Maß an diagnostischer Sicherheit erlangt werden kann. Zudem existiert eine Reihe apparativer Zusatzuntersuchungen, die zur Abgrenzung möglicher Differenzialdiagnosen herangezogen werden können. In unklaren Fällen kann eine Biopsie durchgeführt werden, oder es erfolgen Verlaufskontrollen zur Beobachtung eines möglichen Wachstums. Wird die Diagnose eines Aderhautmelanoms gestellt, so muss ein Staging zur Metastasensuche erfolgen.
Monostable superrepellent materials
Authors: Li Yanshen , Quéré David , Lv Cunjing , Zheng Quanshui 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Existence of monostable Cassie states is exhibited using simple pillars exposed to mercury and dual-length-scale structures exposed to water, respectively. Then, transitions from the Cassie state to the Wenzel state are repaired without energy input, which prevents the often-reported irreversible breakdowns of superhydrophobicity. Constructing a phase diagram where both the texture density and the surface chemistry are varied allows us to establish the conditions of monostability. Furthermore, the region in the phase diagram where monostable Cassie states are observed is found to be large enough to guide further design and engineering of robust superrepellent materials.
Answering the Call to Accessible Quality Health Care for All Using a New Model of Local Community Not-for-Profit Charity Clinics: A Return to Christ-Centered Care of the Past
Authors: Cuellar De la Cruz Yuri , Robinson Stephen 
Published: March 2017

This article uses studies and organizational trends to understand available solutions to the lack of quality health care access, especially for the poor and needy of local U.S. communities. The U.S. healthcare system seems to be moving toward the World Health Organization's recommendation for universal health coverage for healthcare sustainability. Healthcare trends and offered solutions are varied. Christian healthcare traditionally implements works of mercy guided by a Christian ethos embracing the teachings of human dignity, solidarity, the common good, and subsidiarity. Culture of Life Ministries is one of many new sustainable U.S. healthcare models which implements Christ-centered health care to meet the need of quality and accessible health care for the local community. Culture of Life Ministries employs a model of charity care through volunteerism. Volunteer workers not only improve but also transform the local healthcare system into a personal healing ministry of the highest quality for every person. Summary The lack of access to quality health care is a common problem in the U.S. despite various solutions offered through legislative and socioeconomic works: universal healthcare models, insurance models, and other business models. U.S. health care would be best transformed by returning to the implementation of a traditional system founded on the Christian principles of human dignity, solidarity, subsidiarity, and the common good. Culture of Life Ministries is an example of such a local ministry in Texas, which has found success in practically applying these Christ-centered, healthcare principles into an emerging not-for-profit, economically sustainable, healthcare model.
Proceedings of the ISEV symposium on “HIV, NeuroAIDS, drug abuse & EVs”
Authors: Hu Guoku , Witwer Kenneth W. , Bond Vincent C. , Haughey Norman , Kashanchi Fatah , Pulliam Lynn , Buch Shilpa 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are globular, membrane bound nanovesicles (30–100 nm range) that are shed both during normal cellular functioning and under pathological conditions by most cell types. In recent years, there has been significant interest in the study of these vesicles as conduits for the delivery of information between cells from both analogous and disparate tissues. Their ability to carry specialised cargo including signalling mediators, proteins, messenger RNA and miRNAs characterises these vesicles as primary facilitators of cell‐to‐cell communication and regulation. EVs have also been demonstrated to play important roles in the field of cancer biology and metastasis. However, significant knowledge gaps exist in the role these vesicles play in the context of HIV infection and drug abuse. To foster discussion in this area a satellite symposium on “HIV, NeuroAIDS, Drug Abuse & EVs”, was held in conjunction with the annual meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) in Bethesda, in April 2015. Experts in HIV and drug abuse fields were invited to share their findings on the role of EVs in HIV‐1 infection and drug addiction. Additional discussion included current areas of research in EV biology in HIV infection and drug abuse.
Special birational transformations of type (2,1)
Authors: Fu Baohua , Hwang Jun-Muk 
Published: March 2017

A birational transformation

\Phi : \mathbb {P}^n \dasharrow Z \subset \mathbb {P}^N, where

Z
⊂

P

N

Z \subset \mathbb {P}^N

is a nonsingular variety of Picard number 1, is called a special birational transformation of type

(
a
,
b
)

(a,b)

if

Φ
\Phi

is given by a linear system of degree

a
a

, its inverse

Φ

−
1

\Phi ^{-1}

is given by a linear system of degree

b
b

and the base locus

S
⊂

P

n

S \subset \mathbb {P}^n

of

Φ
\Phi

is irreducible and nonsingular. In this paper, we classify special birational transformations of type

(
2
,
1
)

(2,1)

. In addition to previous works by Alzati-Sierra and Russo on this topic, our proof employs natural

C

∗

\mathbb {C}^*

-actions on

Z
Z

in a crucial way. These

C

∗

\mathbb {C}^*

-actions also relate our result to the prolongation problem studied in our previous work.
MetCCS predictor: a web server for predicting collision cross-section values of metabolites in ion mobility-mass spectrometry based metabolomics
Authors: Zhou Zhiwei , Xiong Xin , Zhu Zheng-Jiang 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Summary
In metabolomics, rigorous structural identification of metabolites presents a challenge for bioinformatics. The use of collision cross-section (CCS) values of metabolites derived from ion mobility-mass spectrometry effectively increases the confidence of metabolite identification, but this technique suffers from the limit number of available CCS values. Currently, there is no software available for rapidly generating the metabolites’ CCS values. Here, we developed the first web server, namely, MetCCS Predictor, for predicting CCS values. It can predict the CCS values of metabolites using molecular descriptors within a few seconds. Common users with limited background on bioinformatics can benefit from this software and effectively improve the metabolite identification in metabolomics.

Availability and Implementation
The web server is freely available at: http://www.metabolomics-shanghai.org/MetCCS/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Dendritic cell expression of the signaling molecule TRAF6 is required for immune tolerance in the lung
Authors: Han Daehee , Walsh Matthew C , Kim Kwang Soon , Hong Sung-Wook , Lee Junyoung , Yi Jaeu , Rivas Gloriany , Choi Yongwon , Surh Charles D 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Immune tolerance in the lung is important for preventing hypersensitivity, such as allergic asthma. Maintenance of tolerance in the lung is established by coordinated activities of poorly understood cellular and molecular mechanisms, including participation of dendritic cells (DCs). We have previously identified DC expression of the signaling molecule TRAF6 as a non-redundant requirement for the maintenance of immune tolerance in the small intestine of mice. Because mucosal tissues share similarities in how they interact with exogenous antigens, we examined the role of DC-expressed TRAF6 in the lung. As with the intestine, we found that the absence TRAF6 expression by DCs led to spontaneous generation of Th2-associated immune responses and increased susceptibility to model antigen-induced asthma. To examine the role of commensal microbiota, mice deficient in TRAF6 in DCs were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and/or re-derived on a germ-free (GF) background. Interestingly, we found that antibiotics-treated specific pathogen-free, but not GF, mice showed restored immune tolerance in the absence of DC-expressed TRAF6. We further found that antibiotics mediate microbiota-independent effects on lung T cells to promote immune tolerance in the lung. This work provides both a novel tool for studying immune tolerance in the lung and an advance in our conceptual understanding of potentially common molecular mechanisms of immune tolerance in both the intestine and the lung.