bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transabdominal Insonation of Fetal Basilar Artery: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Miran Muhammad Shah , Degenhardt Jan , Axt‐Fliedner Roland , Kohl Thomas 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFetal anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries have been studied using transabdominal Doppler ultrasound. We performed a feasibility study to determine whether basilar artery can be identified and blood flow velocities measured using transabdominal fetal Doppler ultrasound.METHODSThe basilar artery was identified in sagittal plane behind the clivus bone using directional color Doppler with 6‐2 and 7‐4 MHz curved array probes. The clivus was identified by hyperechoic linear signal anterior to junction of vertebral processes and occipital bone and superior to first vertebral body. The flow direction was away from the probe in the basilar artery consistent with caudo cephalic orientation. The Doppler ultrasound probe was placed at insonation angles of less than 30° at the visualized segment of the basilar artery. Peak systolic and end diastolic velocities were measured.RESULTSWe attempted insonation of the basilar artery in 20 fetuses. The basilar artery was adequately insonated in 18 fetuses with a mean gestational age of 27 weeks (range 19 to 38 weeks). The mean value (±SD) of peak systolic velocity of the basilar artery was 22.1 ± 8.5 cm/second (range 10.4‐36.7 cm/second). The mean value (±SD) of end diastolic velocity was 6.8 ± 2.8 cm/second (range 3.5‐13.5 cm/second). There was an increase in peak systolic velocity values according to gestational age of fetus.CONCLUSIONSWe demonstrate the feasibility of fetal basilar artery insonation using directional color Doppler ultrasound via transabdominal approach.
Dental implants in patients with oral mucosal diseases – a systematic review
Authors: Reichart P. A. , Schmidt‐Westhausen A. M. , Khongkhunthian P. , Strietzel F. P. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryTo reveal dental implants survival rates in patients with oral mucosal diseases: oral lichen planus (OLP), Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). A systematic literature search using PubMed/Medline and Embase databases, utilising MeSH and search term combinations identified publications on clinical use implant‐prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with OLP, SjS, EB, SSc reporting on study design, number, gender and age of patients, follow‐up period exceeding 12 months, implant survival rate, published in English between 1980 and May 2015. After a mean observation period (mOP) of 53·9 months (standard deviation [SD] ±18·3), 191 implants in 57 patients with OLP showed a survival rate (SR) of 95·3% (SD ±21·2). For 17 patients with SjS (121 implants, mOP 48·6 ± 28·7 months), 28 patients with EB (165 implants, mOP 38·3 ± 16·9 months) and five patients with SSc (38 implants, mOP 38·3 ± 16·9 months), the respective SR was 91·7 ± 5·97% (SjS), 98·5 ± 2·7% (EB) and 97·4 ± 4·8% (SSc). Heterogeneity of data structure and quality of reporting outcomes did not allow for further comparative data analysis. For implant‐prosthetic rehabilitation of patients suffering from OLP, SjS, EB and SSc, no evidence‐based treatment guidelines are presently available. However, no strict contraindication for the placement of implants seems to be justified in patients with OLP, SjS, EB nor SSc. Implant survival rates are comparable to those of patients without oral mucosal diseases. Treatment guidelines as for dental implantation in patients with healthy oral mucosa should be followed.
Neophobic Tendencies and Dietary Behavior in A Cohort of Female College Students from Southern India
Authors: Chitra Uma , Adhikari Koushik , Radhika M.S. , Balakrishna N. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship of female adolescents’ neophobic tendencies with their general dietary patterns/behaviors. The study was performed at a girl's college in Secunderabad in Southern India. A survey was administered to 1,446 girls, aged 15–19 years to collect information on food neophobia and dietary practices. The results show that the nonvegetarian group was the least neophobic group out of the three diet groups, while the vegetarian group was the most neophobic. Overall there was no difference in neophobic tendencies between the two age groups (15–17 and 18–19 years).Participants who indicated that they consumed high‐fat/junk foods regularly were less neophobic. Lower food neophobia scores was a significant indicator of greater consumption of meals outside the home or take‐out meals. These results could help shape successful interventions against obesogenic behavior in adolescents.Practical ApplicationsThis study is particularly interesting because the neophobic tendencies of people living in the Indian subcontinent have been relatively undocumented. The findings from this study demonstrate that the vegetarians and the ovo‐vegetarians were more neophobic than the nonvegetarians. The nonvegetarian group had less neophobic tendencies and was more open to trying new/novel foods and cuisines than the vegetarian and ovo‐vegetarian groups. The study of food neophobia is of particular importance because food neophobia can impact food preferences. Understanding the factors influencing food preferences is essential for the implementation and promotion of positive changes in the food habits of any society, especially with the prevalence of obesity, which is becoming a growing concern in both developing and developed countries. Nutritional intake during adolescence is important for growth and the development of lifelong eating behaviors, and may have long‐term health implications. The findings from this study suggest that if programs to improve adolescent nutrition are to be effective, they need to address a broad range of factors including environmental factors.
Pharmacist-patient communication barriers in dispensing practice: a descriptive study in Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama City, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia
Authors: Wado Teshale Etiso , Gunasekaran Thirumurugan , Dhanaraju Magharla Dasaratha 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivesDrug dispensers should provide appropriate, understandable and relevant information to patient about their medication. But poor communication between patient and pharmacist carries potential adverse clinical consequences. Patients with inadequate literacy and/or health literacy skills are the most likely to have difficulties in understanding proper drug use. Our study is intended to assess the extent of pharmacist–patient communication barriers in dispensing.MethodsThis study was conducted in Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama City, Ethiopia, from March 2014 to May 2014. The survey data were collected both from pharmacists and patients through questionnaire and interview, respectively, and analysed manually by a data master sheet.Key findingsA total of 345 outpatients who were collecting their medication from the Outpatient Department pharmacy and nine pharmacists were included in the study. 11.11% pharmacists utilised pictorial aid to their oral counselling. 77.78% of pharmacists can communicate in three languages (Amharic, Oromiffa and English). 20.87% of patients were geriatrics, 30.73% were illiterate and 34.20% were in low literacy. Misunderstanding of drug dose and frequency among illiterate and low literacy geriatric patients was 46.88%. 22.22% of geriatrics revisited the hospital for re-treatment of the same condition.ConclusionsCounselling on dispensing is a fundamental step to enhance the patients’ rational use of medicine. When patients’ health is concerned, pharmacists should try their best to enhance the patient's understanding about medication use.
Interpersonal processes and self‐injury: a qualitative study using Bricolage
Authors: Rayner G. , Warne T. 
Published: December 2015

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Personal experiences of self‐injury and staff reactions have been published.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

There is an absence of a detailed account of the interpersonal processes surrounding self‐injury within a specific helping relationship.

This paper is the first to explore the in‐depth relationship between self‐injury and shame.

What are the implications for practice?

This research identifies a cycle of shame in which people come to expect negative responses from others, which further reinforce their negative beliefs and supports a continuing cycle of harm.

Mental Health Nurses may work with clients to understand the interpersonal processes and consequences of their self‐injury in the helping relationship.

AbstractIntroductionLiterature on self‐injury has recognized the impact on the relationship between clients and staff.RationaleThere is an absence of a detailed account of interpersonal processes surrounding self‐injury.AimA Bricolage qualitative research approach was carried out in the United Kingdom that explored the interpersonal processes surrounding self‐injury.MethodThree pairs of clients and staff were interviewed about an incident of self‐injury. The interviews were thematically analysed and then synthesized producing a deeper exploration of the relationship between the client and staff.FindingsAn interpersonal trigger followed by anger and shame, resulted in self‐injury to ‘numb’ these experiences.DiscussionSelf‐injury is conceptualized as a safety behaviour to avoid shame and anger and then as a maintenance cycle that traps the client in a reinforcing and rejecting relationship. Staff interviewed were able to reflect with the clients and help them reframe these experiences.Implications for practiceMental Health Nurses can work with clients to understand their own interpersonal cycles of self‐injury. They can then reflect on their own roles in this process and avoid reinforcing the clients’ negative beliefs.What the study adds to international evidenceThis is the first international paper to explore the interconnection between the client and a professional helper in their lived experiences of self‐injury.
Sexually Transmitted Infections and First Sexual Intercourse Age in Adolescents: The Nationwide Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lee Seo Yoon , Lee Hyo Jung , Kim Tae Kyoung , Lee Sang Gyu , Park Eun-Cheol 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major causes of medical and psychological problems globally, while adolescents in South Korea have recently shown rapid changes in sexual behaviors.

Aims
We aimed to examine the association between the age of first sexual intercourse and the experience of STIs among adolescents. Additionally, in which specific time period would more likely to get infected from sexual intercourse.

Methods
We used data from the 2007–2013 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Only adolescents with sexual intercourse experience (N = 22,381) were included, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed.

Main Outcome Measures
One dichotomized measure and one continuous measure were assessed: (i) STIs experience (defined as having had STIs); and (ii) association between STIs experience and absolute age gap (defined as temporal differences between secondary sexual character emergence age and first sexual intercourse age).

Results
Approximately 7.4% of boys and 7.5% of girls reported had STI. For both boys and girls, the chance of experiencing STIs increased as the age of first sexual intercourse decreased (boys: before elementary school [age 7 or under]: odds ratio [OR] = 10.81, first grade [age 7 or 8]: OR = 4.44, second grade [age 8 or 9]: OR = 8.90, fourth grade [age 10 or 11]: OR = 7.20, ninth grade [age 15 or 16]: OR = 2.31; girls: before elementary school: OR = 18.09, first grade: OR = 7.26, second grade: OR = 7.12, fourth grade: OR = 8.93, ninth grade: OR = 2.74). The association between the absolute age gap and STI experience was examined additionally (boys: OR = 0.93, girls: OR = 0.87).

Conclusions
This study shows that earlier initiation of sexual intercourse increases the odds of experiencing STIs. Also as the age gap gets shorter, the odds of experiencing STIs increase. Our study suggests that it is important to consider the time period of first sexual intercourse and to reinforce a monitoring system along with the development of other preventive strategies.
Plasma concentrations and sedative effects of a dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol combination after transnasal administration in healthy rabbits
Authors: Santangelo B. , Micieli F. , Marino F. , Reynaud F. , Cassandro P. , Carfora A. , Petrella R. , Borriello R. , Cataldi M. , Vesce G. 
Published: December 2015

Plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine (D = 0.1 mg/kg), midazolam (M = 2 mg/kg), and butorphanol (B = 0.4 mg/kg) were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) after their simultaneous (DMB) transnasal (TN) administration to healthy rabbits. Time‐dependent changes in sedation and antinociception were evaluated by measuring a sedation score based on rabbit's posture, loss of the righting, palpebral and pedal withdrawal reflexes and by instrumental monitoring of rectal temperature, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, pulse‐oximetry, and capnometry. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of each drug was reached within 5 min (Tmax) from DMB‐TN administration along with deep sedation and analgesia. Such effects subsided after 45 min into a moderate sedation and analgesia lasting for additional 15 min. All rabbits awakened spontaneously and uneventfully 90 min after DMB‐TN administration. During the anesthetic procedure, arterial blood pressure markedly decreased and respiratory depression ensued requiring oxygen supplementation. The results of this study show that all three molecules of the DMB combination were absorbed through the TN route, inducing deep sedation and analgesia suitable for minor surgical procedures. Such combination should be used with caution in rabbits bearing cardiovascular or respiratory diseases because of its ability to induce hypotension and respiratory depression.
Use of tri‐axial accelerometers to assess terrestrial mammal behaviour in the wild
Authors: Lush L. , Ellwood S. , Markham A. , Ward A. I. , Wheeler P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTri‐axial accelerometer tags provide quantitative data on body movement that can be used to characterize behaviour and understand species ecology in ways that would otherwise be impossible. Using tags on wild terrestrial mammals, especially smaller species, in natural settings has been limited. Poor battery power also reduced the amount of data collected, which limits what can be derived about animal behaviour. Another challenge using wild animals, is acquiring observations of actual behaviours with which to compare tag data and create an adequate training set to reliably identify behavioural states. Brown hares were fitted with accelerometers for 5 weeks to evaluate their use in collecting detailed behaviour data and activity levels. Collared hares were filmed to associate actual behaviours with tag data. Observed behaviours were classified using Random Forests (ensemble learning method) to create a supervised model and then used to classify hare behaviour from the tags. Increased tag longevity allowed acquisition of large quantities of data from each individual and direct observation of tagged hare's behaviour. Random Forests accurately classified observed behaviours from tag data with an 11% error rate. Individual accuracy of behaviours varied with running (100% accuracy), feeding (94.7%) and vigilance (98.3%) having the highest classification accuracy. Hares spent 46% of their time being vigilant and 25% feeding when active. The combination of our tags and Random Forests facilitated large amounts of behavioural data to be collected on animals where observational studies could be limited, or impossible. The same method could be used on a range of terrestrial mammals to create models to investigate behaviour from tag data, to learn more about their behaviour and be used to answer many ecological questions. However, further development of methods for analysing tag data is needed to make the process quicker, simpler and more accurate.
An Approach for the Automatic Classification of Work Descriptions in Construction Projects
Authors: Martínez‐Rojas María , Marín Nicolás , Vila M. Amparo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractProject success is directly related to reliable access to accurate project data. During the construction project life cycle, an enormous amount of documents with largely interesting information are exchanged, which makes the decision‐making process very complex to project managers. One of the most important documents in this context is the Bill of Quantities (BoQ), which is a collection of Work Descriptions describing the nature of the different works needed to be done to achieve the project goal. As BoQs are differently built, practitioners have trouble when trying to insert them in a common database storage system, because both the linguistic descriptions and the structure of each BoQ document may be defined in a different way. In this article, we focus on this problem and present an approach to automatically extract the information from the work descriptions and to appropriately place it in a predefined hierarchical structure, independently of its original format. Our approach is based on a multicriteria aggregation process based on the use of learned information and expert knowledge. The methodology has been validated with a broad set of work descriptions. Results show that the proposal is able to classify them with success.
A Modified Sliding Mode Fault Tolerant Control for Large‐Scale Civil Infrastructure
Authors: Yeganeh Fallah Arash , Taghikhany Touraj 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAdaptable active control strategies besides advance sensors and actuators technologies lead to higher performance of vibrational control in civil infrastructures under severe ground motions. These resilience control systems are robust against model uncertainties as well as being online recoverable from the malfunctioning of sensors and actuators. In this study, resilient control system based on sliding mode (SM) fault detection observer and SM fault tolerant control is improved for actuator fault in large‐scale systems. The SM fault detection observer is modified for eliminating the excessive chattering in estimating states and actuators’ fault, and the reconfigurable SM fault tolerant control is improved to minimizing input forces in control framework under seismic action. Design of observer and controller is performed using linear matrix inequalities. Numerical simulations on the cable‐stayed bridge benchmark demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault‐tolerant system. Despite the high order of this large‐scale structure, the proposed fault detection and diagnosis method can effectively find the location and size of faults in actuators without performance degradation and computational costs. The fault‐tolerant controller maintains the performance of the structure at an acceptable level in the post‐fault case by redistribution of control signal to actuators.
Highly conserved nucleotide phosphatase essential for membrane lipid homeostasis in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Kuipers Kirsten , Gallay Clement , Martínek Václav , Rohde Manfred , Martínková Markéta , van der Beek Samantha L. , Jong Wouter S. P. , Venselaar Hanka , Zomer Aldert , Bootsma Hester , Veening Jan‐Willem , de Jonge Marien I. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryProteins belonging to the DHH family, a member of the phosphoesterase superfamily, are produced by most bacterial species. While some of these proteins are well studied in Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, their functions in Streptococcus pneumoniae remain unclear. Recently, the highly conserved DHH subfamily 1 protein PapP (SP1298) has been reported to play an important role in virulence. Here, we provide a plausible explanation for the attenuated virulence of the papP mutant. Recombinant PapP specifically hydrolyzed nucleotides 3′‐phosphoadenosine‐5′‐phosphate (pAp) and 5′‐phosphoadenylyl‐(3′−>5′)‐adenosine (pApA). Deletion of papP, potentially leading to pAp/pApA accumulation, resulted in morphological defects and mis‐localization of several cell division proteins. Incubation with both polar solvent and detergent led to robust killing of the papP mutant, indicating that membrane integrity is strongly affected. This is in line with previous studies showing that pAp inhibits the ACP synthase, an essential enzyme involved in lipid precursor production. Remarkably, partial inactivation of the lipid biosynthesis pathway, by inhibition of FabF or depletion of FabH, phenocopied the papP mutant. We conclude that pAp and pApA phosphatase activity of PapP is required for maintenance of membrane lipid homeostasis providing an explanation how inactivation of this protein may attenuate pneumococcal virulence.
Transketolase activity modulates glycerol‐3‐phosphate levels in Escherichia coli
Authors: Vimala A. , Harinarayanan R. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryTransketolase activity provides an important link between the metabolic pathways of glycolysis and pentose phosphate shunt and catalyzes inter‐conversions between pentose phosphates and glycolytic intermediates. It is widely conserved in life forms. A genetic screen for suppression of the growth defect of Escherichia coli tktA tktB mutant in LB medium revealed two mutations, one that rendered the glpK expression constitutive and another that inactivated deoB. Characterizing these mutations aided in uncovering the role of ribose‐5‐P (a transketolase substrate) as an inhibitor of glycerol assimilation and de novo glycerol‐3‐P synthesis. Using lacZ fusions, we show that ribose‐5‐P enhances GlpR–mediated repression of the glpFKX operon and inhibits glycerol assimilation. Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) showed ribose‐5‐P made the DNA‐GlpR complex less sensitive to the inducer glycerol‐3‐P. In addition to inhibition of glycerol assimilation, obstruction of ribose‐5‐P metabolism retards growth from glycerol‐3‐P limitation. Glucose helps to overcome this limitation through a mechanism involving catabolite repression. To our knowledge, this report is the first to show ribose‐5‐P can modulate glycerol‐3‐P concentration in the cell by regulation of glycerol assimilation as well as its de novo synthesis. This regulation could be prevalent in other organisms.