bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of typhoons on the composition of the upper troposphere within the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone: the SWOP campaign in Lhasa 2013
Authors: Li Dan , Vogel Bärbel , Bian Jianchun , Müller Rolf , Pan Laura L. , Günther Gebhard , Bai Zhixuan , Li Qian , Zhang Jinqiang , Fan Qiujun , Vömel Holger 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. In the frame of the SWOP (sounding water vapour, ozone, and particle) campaign during the Asian summer monsoon (ASM), ozone and water vapour profiles were measured by balloon-borne sensors launched from Lhasa (29.66° N, 91.14° E, elevation 3650 m), China, in August 2013. In total, 24 soundings were launched, nearly half of which show strong variations in the relationship between ozone and water vapour in the tracer–tracer correlation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). For each sounding, 20-day backward trajectories were calculated using the trajectory module of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) to analyse these variations. The trajectory calculations demonstrate that three tropical cyclones (tropical storm Jebi, typhoons Utor and Trami), which occurred over the western Pacific Ocean during August 2013, had a considerable impact on the vertical distribution of ozone and water vapour by uplifting marine air masses to altitudes of the ASM anticyclone. Air parcels subsequently arrived at the observation site via two primary pathways: firstly via direct horizontal transport from the location of the typhoon to the station within approximately 3 days, and secondly via transport following the clockwise wind flow of the ASM within a timescale of 1 week. Furthermore, the interplay between the spatial position of the ASM anticyclone and tropical cyclones plays a key role in controlling the transport pathways of air parcels from the boundary layer of the western Pacific to Lhasa in horizontal and vertical transport. Moreover, the statistical analysis shows that the strongest impact by typhoons is found at altitudes between 14.5 and 17 km (365–375 K). Low ozone values (50–80 ppbv) were observed between 370 and 380 K due to the strong vertical transport within tropical cyclones.
Holocene evolution of the North Atlantic subsurface transport
Authors: Repschläger Janne , Garbe-Schönberg Dieter , Weinelt Mara , Schneider Ralph 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Previous studies suggested that short-term freshening events in the subpolar gyre can be counterbalanced by advection of saline waters from the subtropical gyre and thus stabilize the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). However, little is known about the inter-gyre transport pathways. Here, we infer changes in surface and subsurface transport between the subtropical and polar North Atlantic during the last 11 000 years, by combining new temperature and salinity reconstructions obtained from combined δ18O and Mg ∕ Ca measurements on surface and subsurface dwelling foraminifera with published foraminiferal abundance data from the subtropical North Atlantic, and with salinity and temperature data from the tropical and subpolar North Atlantic. This compilation implies an overall stable subtropical warm surface water transport since 10 ka BP. In contrast, subsurface warm water transport started at about 8 ka but still with subsurface heat storage in the subtropical gyre. The full strength of intergyre exchange was probably reached only after the onset of northward transport of warm saline subsurface waters at about 7 ka BP, associated with the onset of the modern AMOC mode. A critical evaluation of different potential forcing mechanisms leads to the assumption that freshwater supply from the Laurentide Ice Sheet was the main control on subtropical to subpolar ocean transport at surface and subsurface levels.
Investigating the Real: Arthur Miller's Postmodernist Detectives
Authors: Leinster Ciarán 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
For all of the work that is published on Arthur Miller, very little seems to consider the potential for a postmodernist sensibility within his work. In this article, I argue that if we compare The New York Trilogy by Paul Auster to Miller's own detective plays, Some Kind of Love Story and Clara, then a new understanding of these plays can be reached through the lens of postmodernism. I contend that this latter phase of Miller's career began with The Archbishop's Ceiling, and draw on the work of Andrew Sofer and Ramón Espejo Romero, in particular, to advance my thesis that Miller's method of writing and thinking moved toward a postmodernist sensibility in his later years.
Gender Studies in the Post-Theoretical Era: A Chinese Perspective
Authors: Wang Ning 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
After the decline of literary and cultural theory in the West, it has witnessed the coming of a post-theoretic era in which there is no such thing as a dominant theory as it used to be. The same is true of China where theory, especially that from the West, was extremely popular among Chinese literary and cultural theorists. But contrary to the situation in the West, some Western theories are still attractive to Chinese literary and cultural theorists, such as gender theory. In this article, the author argues that when theory travels to other places, its function and significance would change more or less, and sometimes, a different phenomenon would appear, which manifests itself in the continuous popularity and flourishing of theory in China in the past decades. Even in such a post-theoretical era, various theoretical and cultural trends still function in a limited sphere. But Western theory could function effectively in China only when it is contextualized. That is, it should be relocated in the Chinese context. This has been particularly proved by the popularity of gender theory, especially that of Judith Butler, and gender studies in present day China.
The Past Never Passes Away: The Literary Representation of Jewish Refugees in Shanghai
Authors: Qiao Guoqiang 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The literary representation of Jewish refugees in Shanghai plays an important part in Holocaust literature, which reflects Jewish suffering during World War II and traumatic memory in the wake of the war. In this essay, the author discusses the literary representation of Jewish refugees in Shanghai from three aspects: wandering as second nature with Jews, Shanghai in Jewish refugees' literary representation, and their past recomposed as traumatic memory. The author wishes to suggest that the literary representation of Jewish refugees in Shanghai exposes not only the disaster in the past but also the complexity of translating the past into the present.
World Literature as Event: Ibsen and Modern Chinese Fiction
Authors: He Chengzhou 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Based on Franco Moretti's conception of distant reading, I propose that world literature is not an object, but is rather an act or event that is temporally and spatially constituted, destined to undergo a process of changes and transformations in different local contexts. World literature should address at least three major issues: first, the otherness of the foreign author or his texts in local context; second, the inventiveness of the specific narratives in the local writings; third, the creative power of the works for their readers and the society they live in. In this article, Ibsen in China is studied from a new perspective of event in world literature. The focus of the analysis is on the event of female protagonists reading A Doll's House in modern Chinese novels. Questions analyzed include: Who are those people reading A Doll's House in modern Chinese novels? How do the Chinese female protagonists perform as Nora and fight for their independence and freedom? What impact do the fictional works have on the New Culture Movement in China? Moreover, how does this study of Ibsen and Nora in China provoke new reflections on world literature?
Memories and Their Literary Representations: A Comparative Reading of Red Sorghum and True History of the Kelly Gang
Authors: Peng Qinglong 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Mo Yan and Peter Carey are internationally acclaimed writers who have written a number of historical novels. They share many similarities in their characterization and narrative skills as they subvert official narrative memories; however, they differ in their explorations of their respective national psyches. Mo Yan's Red Sorghum and Carey's True History of the Kelly Gang represent memories of historical events and figures which depict their bandits, Yu Zhan'ao (Red Sorghum) and Ned Kelly (Kelly Gang), as heroes in dark and turbulent periods. This article suggests that these characters are a reflection of the cruel histories that Chinese and Australian peoples have experienced in fighting against their enemies. Through Mo Yan and Carey's literary representation of memories within the characters of Zhan'ao and Kelly, the aesthetic value of the fiction brings the histories to life.
SYNTHESIS OF 2-(3-CHROMENYL)-4-ETHOXYCARBONYL-1-(4-FLUOROBENZYL)-5-METHYLIMIDAZOLE 3-OXIDES
Authors: Razgulyaev Vladislav I. , Nikitina Polina A. , Koldaeva Tatiana Yu. , Miroshnikov Vladimir S. , Perevalov Valery P. 
Published: April 2017

In addition to our search for probable HIV-1 integrase inhibitors in the series of imidazole derivatives a possibility of preparation of 2-(3-chromenyl)substituted imidazole 3-oxides containing fluorobenzyl moiety in position 1 of imidazole ring as a potential pharmacophore was demonstrated. 4-ethoxycarbonyl-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-methyl-2-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)imidazole 3-oxide 4a and 4-ethoxycarbonyl-2-(6-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-methyli-midazole 3-oxide 4b were synthesized starting with fluorobenzylamine 1, ethyl 2-(hydroxyimino)-3-oxobutanoate 2 and 4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-carbaldehyde 3a or 6-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-carbaldehyde 3b, respectively. The condensation was carried out at room temperature in glacial acetic acid. Two novel imidazole N-oxides were characterized by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy and mass-spectrometry. It should be noted that in 1H NMR spectra of the discussed imidazole N-oxides (recorded in deuterated DMSO) the singlet of the proton in the position 2 of chromenyl ring is shifted to lower field (8.70 and 8.78, respectively) as compared with the signals of other aromatic protons. Such deshielding is typical for this kind of heterocyclic system and may be explained by the influence of the electron-withdrawing of N-oxide moiety. In the IR spectrum of 4-ethoxycarbonyl-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-methyl-2-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)imidazole 3-oxide 4a the absorption bands corresponding to the carbonyl groups appear at 1641 cm-1 (for C=O in the position 4 of chromenyl ring) and 1641 cm-1 (C=O of the ester moiety). In the IR spectrum of 4-ethoxycarbonyl-2-(6-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-methylimidazole 3-oxide 4b the position of the former band remains practically unchanged (1646 cm-1), whereas the latter band is shifted to higher frequencies (1715 cm-1) due to intermolecular interactions with OH-group in the position 6 of the chromene. The absorption band for this group appears as a broad band with medium intensity and maximum absorption at 3228 cm-1. In the mass spectra of imidazole N-oxides under consideration peaks of the molecular ions (M+) and peaks (M-16) are observed. The demonstrated possibility of the synthesis of the titled compounds allows the further planning of the synthesis of a series of such structures varying the substituents in both chromenyl and imidazole rings. Forcitation:Razgulyaev V.I., Nikitina P.A., Koldaeva T.Yu., Miroshnikov V.S., Perevalov V.P. Synthesisof 2-(3-chromenyl)-4-ethoxycarbo-nyl-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-methylimidazole 3-oxides. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 2. P. 17-19.
La Centrale d’artisanat du Québec à Montréal
Authors: Mathieu Jocelyne 
Published: April 2017

La naissance de la Centrale d’artisanat du Québec, en 1950, est l’aboutissement d’un cheminement éducatif et sociopolitique dans le contexte d’après-guerre, favorable à la prospérité. Jean-Marie Gauvreau, son président fondateur, est à sa tête jusqu’en 1963. Durant l’effervescente période des années 1970, une autre figure de proue marque particulièrement l’évolution de l’organisme : l’architecte-designer Cyril Simard, qui y est directeur pendant sept ans. Gauvreau et Simard s’efforcent de présenter un Québec contemporain, inspiré de techniques traditionnelles, mais dans une production réinventée et modernisée. Ils croient profondément au pouvoir économique des artisans et des créateurs des métiers d’art. Les associations culture-économie et traditioncréation déterminent leur pensée et leurs actions. La Centrale d’artisanat témoigne de la reconnaissance d’un artisanat domestique et professionnel, puis, à la lumière de nouveaux concepts et sous une nouvelle appellation, des métiers d’art. Elle vise à promouvoir la qualité Québec et à favoriser le développement des économies régionales.
Les Chroniques musicales de Gilles Marcotte
Authors: Lefebvre Marie-Thérèse 
Published: April 2017

Gilles Marcotte a été un brillant écrivain et critique des littératures québécoise et française et son oeuvre a marqué plusieurs générations d’étudiants. Il a également été un chroniqueur musical apprécié des lecteurs de la revue Liberté pour laquelle il a publié, entre 1985 et 1999, 73 chroniques sous le titre L’amateur de musique, en plus des références à la musique qui parsèment plusieurs de ses textes journalistiques. D’où lui est venu cet intérêt pour l’art musical ? Comment en parle-t-il ? Quels sont ses liens avec la littérature ? C’est à ces questions que nous souhaitons répondre en proposant dans un premier temps le parcours biographique, depuis Sherbrooke, sa ville natale jusqu’à Montréal où il s’installe en 1948, suivi dans un second temps, de l’analyse des chroniques musicales : l’importance qu’il accorde à la provenance du son, les instruments qu’il affectionne particulièrement, le répertoire fréquenté et ses propos sur la modernité et la musique contemporaine. L’article se termine par quelques observations sur le style littéraire qu’utilise Gilles Marcotte, « l’allure du parler », cette manière toute particulière d’entrer dans l’intimité du lecteur, et sur l’humour qui teinte agréablement plusieurs de ses textes.
1917 : une première célébration de la fondation de Montréal
Authors: Lacroix Laurier 
Published: April 2017

Les efforts combinés de la Société historique de Montréal, de la Société d’archéologie et de numismatique et de l’Association catholique de la Jeunesse Canadienne, sous le leadership de Victor Morin, vont permettre de réaliser la première célébration officielle de fondation de Montréal en 1917. À l’occasion du 275e anniversaire de la ville, ces associations développent un programme qui réunit origine religieuse et valeurs patriotiques, commémoration et développement historique de Ville-Marie. Différentes activités : messe épiscopale, visite guidée du Vieux Montréal, commémoration de la mémoire des fondatrices des communautés religieuses et réunion fournissent l’occasion aux représentants civils et religieux d’énoncer leur position face à Montréal et à la société canadienne. Les propos tenus lors de ces fêtes des 17 et 18 mai offrent un condensé des positions idéologiques de l’élite cléricale, canadienne — tant des francophones que des anglophones —, et française. Montréal devient un carrefour des valeurs en présence dans la société québécoise entre bonententisme et nationalisme, francophilie et impérialisme britannique.
Age Estimation Based on a Radiographic Study of the Growing Foot
Authors: Gómez-Martín Beatriz , Escamilla-Martínez Elena , Fernández-Seguín Lourdes María , Santiago-Sáez Andrés , Sánchez-Sánchez José Antonio , Díaz-Mancha Juan Antonio 
Published: April 2017

Background:
We sought to determine a predictive model of data, differentiated by sex, from a radiographic study of the skeleton of the foot as an alternative to the classic study of the hand.

Methods:
The study included 2,476 digital radiographs from 816 participants aged 0 to 21 years. The radiographs were from the Radiology Diagnostic Services of the Public Health System of Extremadura (Spain) from 2007 to 2011. The method used for their analysis consisted of assigning a numerical code to each ossification center of each growing bone of the foot and subsequently subjecting the data to a multivariate, decision tree, statistical analysis.

Results:
The decision tree study identified the bones that have a common age-dependent pattern of growth (as determined by a comparison of means test with P &lt; .01) among individuals of the same sex. The quality of the decision tree predictions was evaluated in terms of the r2 coefficient. These values were r2 = 0.897 for females and r2 = 0.890 for males, thus establishing the predictive goodness of the model of bone data to provide a specific estimate of the individual's age.

Conclusions:
The foot is a good predictor of an individual's age from birth to complete bone maturity.
Evidence for distributed clockwise rotation of the crust in the northwestern United States from fault geometries and focal mechanisms
Authors: Brocher Thomas M. , Wells Ray E. , Lamb Andrew P. , Weaver Craig S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPaleomagnetic and GPS data indicate that Washington and Oregon have rotated clockwise for the past 16 Myr. Late Cenozoic and Quaternary fault geometries, seismicity lineaments, and focal mechanisms provide evidence that this rotation is accommodated by north directed thrusting and right‐lateral strike‐slip faulting in Washington, and SW to W directed normal faulting and right‐lateral strike‐slip faulting to the east. Several curvilinear NW to NNW trending high‐angle strike‐slip faults and seismicity lineaments in Washington and NW Oregon define a geologic pole (117.7°W, 47.9°N) of rotation relative to North America. Many faults and focal mechanisms throughout northwestern U.S. and southwestern British Columbia have orientations consistent with this geologic pole as do GPS surface velocities corrected for elastic Cascadia subduction zone coupling. Large Quaternary normal faults radial to the geologic pole, which appear to accommodate crustal rotation via crustal extension, are widespread and can be found along the Lewis and Clark zone in Montana, within the Centennial fault system north of the Snake River Plain in Idaho and Montana, to the west of the Wasatch Front in Utah, and within the northern Basin and Range in Oregon and Nevada. Distributed strike‐slip faults are most prominent in western Washington and Oregon and may serve to transfer slip between faults throughout the northwestern U.S.
Gold Nanowire Chiral Ultrathin Films with Ultrastrong and Broadband Optical Activity
Authors: Lv Jiawei , Hou Ke , Ding Defang , Wang Dawei , Han Bing , Gao Xiaoqing , Zhao Man , Shi Lin , Guo Jun , Zheng Yonglong , Zhang Xi , Lu Chenguang , Huang Ling , Huang Wei , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAn ultrastrong and broadband chiroptical response is key but remains challenging for many device applications. A simple and cost‐effective bottom‐up method is introduced to fabricate large‐area long‐range ordered chiral ultrathin films with the Langmuir–Schaeffer technique using gold nanowires as building blocks. Significantly, as‐prepared ultrathin films display giant optical activity across a broad wavelength range covering visible and near infrared regions with an anisotropic factor of up to 0.285, which is the record value for bottom‐up techniques. Detailed experimental result and theoretical analysis disclose that such remarkable optical activity originates from birefringence and dichroism of the well‐aligned Au nanowire layers in the ultrathin films. The universality of this facile strategy for constructing chiral ultrathin films is further demonstrated with many other one‐dimensional nanomaterials.
New Avermectin Analogues from a Mutant Streptomyces avermectinius Strain
Authors: Zhang Youjun , Zhang Cheng , Wang Keke , Chen Guoliang , Sun Peng 
Published: April 2017

Two new avemectin analogues 1 and 2 belonging to ‘b’ series of components were isolated from a ∆aveCDE mutant Streptomyces avermectinius strain. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed moderate cytotoxicities against B16, MG‐63, and Saos‐2 cell lines in an in vitro assay.
Disassembling Metal Nanocrystallites into Sub‐nanometric Clusters and Low‐faceted Nanoparticles for Multisite Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Oliver‐Meseguer Judit , Dominguez Irene , Gavara Rafael , Leyva‐Pérez Antonio , Corma Avelino 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMetal nanocrystallites present saturated atoms, in planes, and unsaturated metal atoms, in corners and vertices, for catalytic applications. However, both sites are spatially complementary and simultaneously excluding for a given particle, thus their number cannot be independently maximized for a catalytic process. Here, it is shown that the independent dosage of Au clusters and metallic Au nanoparticles dramatically improves the catalytic activity of Au for the Sonogashira reaction, enabling the coupling of a wide range of iodo‐, bromo‐, and activated chloro‐derivatives with aromatic and aliphatic alkynes, and outperforming ligand‐free Pd and Cu catalysts. Mechanistic studies reveal that the unsaturated atoms of the cluster activate the alkyne and that the saturated atoms of the metallic nanoparticle preferentially activate the halide, to finally perform the coupling. Thus, a precise combination of sub‐nanometric metal clusters and metal nanoparticles, together, constitute a new catalytic strategy to substitute metal nanocrystallites in reactions in which both unsaturated and saturated atoms play a key role.
Immobilization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase from E. coli onto Mesoporous Silica for Application as a Cofactor Recycling System
Authors: Dreifke Michael , Brieler Felix J. , Fröba Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 7/2017 is provided by M. Dreifke, F. J. Brieler and M. Fröba, University of Hamburg. The image shows a single spherical cell of a mesoporous cellular siliceous foam with an immobilized alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). The ADH is able to catalyze the oxidation of 2‐propanol to acetone with concomitant reduction of NADP+ to NADPH. However, in the presence of a sufficient concentration of acetone, the back reaction accompanied by the oxidation of NADPH to NADP+ can be introduced too. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201601288.
Shape Change and Growth Behavior of Monosodium Urate Monohydrate in a Gout Model
Authors: Ozono Chihiro , Hirasawa Izumi , Kohori Fukashi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDeposition of needle‐shaped monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals in synovial fluid provokes the acute inflammatory response of gout. The mechanism of MSU crystallization was investigated in batch operation under the same pH and Na+ concentration of synovial fluid. It was found that stirring enhanced the aggregation of needle‐shaped MSU, and the deposition of MSU was faster and larger in amount. MSU crystals in supersaturated urate solution were detected by dynamic light scattering and UV absorption, suggesting that the urate concentration affected not the crystal growth but nucleation. Since the increase of the number of MSU crystals is assumed to cause a high risk of gout, this result supports the importance of the control of serum urate level as a treatment of gout.