bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing dam failure risk in the USA due to compound rainfall clusters as climate changes
Authors: Hwang Jeongwoo , Lall Upmanu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA changing climate, with intensifying precipitation may contribute to increasing failures of dams by overtopping. We present the first analysis of rainfall sequences and events associated with recent hydrologic failures of 552 dams in the United States. We find that the maximum 1-day rainfall associated with failure was often not extreme compared to dam spillway design criteria, even when accounting for rainfall statistics changing with time at each site. However, the combination of the total rainfall 5 to 30 days prior and the maximum 1-day rainfall associated with dam failure is rare. Persistent atmospheric circulation patterns that lead to recurrent rainfall events, rather than just more moisture in the atmosphere is a possible reason. The probability of these compound precipitation risks has increased across much of the country. With over 90,000 aging dams still in service, the increasing likelihood of intense rainfall sequences raises concerns about future dam failures.
Stress granules are not present in Kras mutant cancers and do not control tumor growth
Authors: Libert Maxime , Quiquempoix Sophie , Fain Jean S , Pyr dit Ruys Sébastien , Haidar Malak , Wulleman Margaux , Herinckx Gaëtan , Vertommen Didier , Bouchart Christelle , Arsenijevic Tatjana , Van Laethem Jean-Luc , Jacquemin Patrick 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStress granules (SG) are membraneless ribonucleoprotein-based cytoplasmic organelles that assemble in response to stress. Their formation is often associated with an almost global suppression of translation, and the aberrant assembly or disassembly of these granules has pathological implications in neurodegeneration and cancer. In cancer, and particularly in the presence of oncogenic KRAS mutations, in vivo studies concluded that SG increase the resistance of cancer cells to stress. Hence, SG have recently been considered a promising target for therapy. Here, starting from our observations that genes coding for SG proteins are stimulated during development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, we analyze the formation of SG during tumorigenesis. We resort to in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches, using mouse models, human samples and human data. Our analyses do not support that SG are formed during tumorigenesis of KRAS-driven cancers, at least that their presence is not universal, leading us to propose that caution is required before considering SG as therapeutic targets.
Respiratory–Swallow Coordination and Its Relationship With Pharyngeal Residue, Penetration, and Aspiration in People With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Curtis James A. , Borders James C. , Kiefer Brianna , Alcalay Roy N. , Huber Jessica E. , Troche Michelle S. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
Respiratory–swallow coordination (RSC) frequently changes in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). Little is known about how these changes relate to impairments in swallowing safety (penetration and aspiration) and efficiency (pharyngeal residue). Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the relationships between RSC, pharyngeal residue, penetration, and aspiration in PwPD.

Method:
Twenty-four PwPD were recruited to undergo simultaneous assessment of RSC, swallowing safety, and swallowing efficiency. RSC was assessed using respiratory inductive plethysmography and nasal airflow and included measurements of respiratory pause duration, respiratory phase patterning, and lung volume during swallowing. Swallowing safety and efficiency were assessed using flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, analyzed using the Visual Analysis of Swallowing Efficiency and Safety, and included measurements of pharyngeal residue, penetration, and aspiration. All data were blindly analyzed, with 20% of the data repeated for interrater reliability assessment. Multilevel statistical models were used to examine the relationships between RSC and swallowing.

Results:
A total of 812 swallows were analyzed from 24 participants. Only 33.4% of swallows exhibited the typical exhale–swallow–exhale pattern. Additionally, 95% of participants exhibited abnormal swallow function. More severe hypopharyngeal residue ratings were associated with inhaling before the swallow compared to exhaling before the swallow. Additionally, more severe events of penetration and aspiration were associated with (a) inhaling before the swallow compared to exhaling before the swallow, (b) inhaling after the swallow compared to exhaling after the swallow, and (c) longer swallow-related respiratory pause durations. Inhaling after the swallow exhibited the strongest relationship with impairments in swallowing safety when compared to all other RSC variables.

Conclusions:
RSC exhibited significant relationships with pharyngeal residue, penetration, and aspiration in these PwPD. Clinicians should attend to RSC when assessing swallowing in PwPD. Future research is needed to examine if training an exhale–swallow–exhale pattern can be used to improve disordered swallowing in PwPD.

Open Science Form:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27211770
Building a Community for Clinical Fellows in Voice and Upper Airway Disorders
Authors: Myers Brett R. , Castro M. Eugenia , Sund Lauren Timmons , Zughni Lisa , Diaz Jennylee , Lloyd Adam T. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
The clinical fellowship (CF) in speech-language pathology may be a challenging experience as graduate students transition to clinicians. A grassroots committee of experts in voice and upper airway disorders (VUAD)—called Pathway for Advanced Voice Education and Service (PAVES)—organized community-building groups for clinical fellows. This article assesses the opportunities that PAVES offered clinical fellows specializing in VUAD to connect and build community with each other.

Method:
A survey about CF experiences was administered online to individuals who completed a CF in speech-language pathology, where at least 75% of their caseload included VUAD. The questions focused on a social media group and lecture series offered by PAVES that were aimed at building a community for clinical fellows. Survey respondents included individuals who participated in PAVES activities and those who did not.

Results:

Thirty-two respondents completed the survey: 44% of respondents participated in the Facebook group and 75% participated in the lecture series. Using a 10-point visual analog scale, respondents who participated in both groups rated greater feelings of community (
M
= 5.08,
SD
= 1.50) than those who did not participate in the groups (
M
= 3.14,
SD
= 2.12). Ratings for overall CF experience (
M
= 8.16,
SD
= 1.95) were not associated with feelings of community (
r
= .067,
p
= .716). Several other benefits from participating in the community-building groups were also reported.

Conclusions:
PAVES provided new opportunities for clinical fellows to connect with each other across the United States. This article presents a survey that assessed feelings of community in clinical fellows who participated in the community-building groups and those who did not. Results indicate that the groups were successful in enhancing feelings of community, and future directions are discussed to further benefit VUAD CF cohorts.
Breaking the rain barrier: A novel approach in image processing with AMGR‐Net
Authors: Li Hongxu , Zhang Wenpeng , Li Xueting , Li Chen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImage quality is significantly impacted by rain, posing challenges in fields like surveillance, autonomous driving, and outdoor robotics. The field of image deraining, particularly for single image, has attracted considerable attention to improve image clarity in inclement weather. To overcome the inherent complexity of the single‐image rain removal task, we proposed a novel architecture of the attention mechanism and gated recurrent network (AMGR‐Net) that combines spatial and channel attention mechanisms with gated recurrent units. AMGR‐Net contains multiple modules, each of which uses convolution kernels and attention mechanisms to enhance feature extraction. AMGR‐Net demonstrates superior performance over state‐of‐the‐art methods in both synthetic and real‐world image datasets, as evidenced by higher peak signal to noise ratio and structural similarity index measurement scores. The integration of spatial attention significantly enhances feature expression, enabling more effective rain streak removal and detail preservation. Furthermore, this method also shows promising results in the application of stripe noise removal from meteorological satellite cloud images.
Development of a compact metasurface antenna with reconfigurable pattern through mode combination technique for 5G mm‐wave applications
Authors: Hamlbar Gerami Hamed , Kazemi Robab 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a compact metasurface antenna with reconfigurable radiation patterns designed for 5G mm‐wave applications. The antenna consists of a metasurface with 3 × 3 unit cells of modified patches, two coupling slots on the ground plane, and a reconfigurable feeding network. The method of characteristic mode analysis is initially employed to identify the modes of the metasurface layer which are responsible for steering the radiation pattern of the antenna at angles of 0° and ±30°. By analysing the surface currents of these modes, the locations of the coupling slots are determined, making it easier to excite and combine the desired modes and steer the main beam of the antenna in specific directions. The pattern reconfigurability is achieved by switching PIN diodes in the microstrip feed network to excite the appropriate coupling slots. The proposed metasurface antenna, with dimensions of 0.9λ0 × 0.9λ0 × 0.08λ0 (where λ0 is the free space wavelength at the centre frequency of 27 GHz), was fabricated and tested. The experimental results showed a wide bandwidth of 22.71% achieved by combining the resonance frequencies of the slots and metasurface layer. Furthermore, the antenna exhibits three distinct main beams at +30°, 0°, and −30° with a peak gain of 8.95 dB.
Optimising energy consumption in Nano‐cryptography: Quantum cellular automata‐based multiplexer/demultiplexer design
Authors: N Aswathy , Siva Mangai N. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFuture global communications will depend heavily on nano‐communication networks, which use ultra‐low power nano‐circuits to transmit data efficiently at very high rates. An essential part of distributed communication networks is the circuit‐switched network, which distributes the input signal among several users. For designing nanoscale digital circuits, Quantum Cellular Automata technology (QCA) emerges as a formidable contender against the established complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology for low‐power devices. The authors endeavour to achieve an efficient design for multiplexer and demultiplexer switching circuits. The designed multiplexer and demultiplexer have 15 cells with an area of 0.02 μm2 and a latency of 0.5 clock cycles. The authors assess the energy dissipation and temperature impacts for both multiplexer and demultiplexer circuits. The novel design of switch circuits facilitates the sharing of a single communication link across multiple devices at the nano‐scale.
Main-belt comets as contributors to the near-Earth objects population
Authors: Gabryszewski Ryszard , Wajer Paweł , Włodarczyk Ireneusz 
Published: October 2024

Aims. Most studies of the dynamics of main-belt objects describing the evolution of the bodies in inner Solar System have been carried with models that include weak nongravitational forces, such as the Yarkovsky and YORP effects. Only about 19 objects exhibit cometary-type activity, with sublimation being the principal mechanism. This paper presents a study of the influence of cometary- type nongravitational forces on the dynamics of main-belt comets, and the possible paths and timescales of evolution into other Solar System regions.
Methods. We used the standard Marsden model for cometary-type activity. This model was designed for elongated orbits and the continuous ejection of mass, while the main-belt comets exhibit a different mode of activity. For this reason, we propose a simple model of nongravitational force activation that is consistent with observations. The dynamical evolution of objects was studied using a fifteenth-order RADAU integrator implemented in the REBOUND package.
Results. The paper presents the dynamical routes of main-belt comets in the inner Solar System when cometary-type nongravitational forces are included in calculations. The forces significantly shorten the time of transition to other regions compared to the Yarkovsky effect, shortening this time to as little as a few thousand years depending on the frequency of the activity and the A1, A2, and A3 Marsden constants. There is a large probability of a transition to near-Earth object(NEO)-type orbits for bodies with A2 < 0, which means that cometary-type nongravitational forces can be a non-negligible mechanism increasing the number of bodies in that population. The forces can also deliver active main-belt objects into mean motion resonances but can equally eject bodies into outer planetary regions on far shorter timescales than the Yarkovsky and YORP effects. Cometary-type nongravitational effects should be included in dynamical studies of individual sublimating active asteroids.
Energy equipartition in globular clusters through the eyes of dynamical models
Authors: Teodori M. , Straniero O. , Merafina M. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Following their birth, globular clusters (GCs) experience a very peculiar dynamical evolution. Gravitational encounters drive these systems toward energy equipartition, mass segregation, and evaporation, which alter structural, spatial, and kinematic features.
Aims. We determine the dynamical state of a few GCs by means of a multi-mass King-like dynamical model. Our work focuses on the prediction of the energy equipartition degree and its relationship with model parameters.
Methods. We adjusted the dynamical model parameters in order to reproduce the observed velocity dispersion – as derived from Hubble Space Telescope proper motion data – as a function of the stellar mass. By doing so, we estimated Φ0, a measure of the gravitational potential well. We repeated the same fit by means of the Bianchini relation, a function obtained by interpolating on N-body simulation results. We studied the relationship between Φ0 and the Bianchini equipartition mass meq and discuss the structural properties, such as concentration c, the number of core relaxation timescales Ncore, and core radius rc. To obtain an independent estimate of Φ0, we also fitted observed surface brightness profiles using the predicted surface density and a mass-luminosity relation from isochrones.
Results. The quality of the fits of the velocity dispersion–mass relationship obtained by means of our dynamical model is comparable to those obtained with the Bianchini function. Nonetheless, when the Bianchini function is used to fit the projected velocity dispersion, the resulting degree of equipartition is underestimated. On the contrary, our approach provides the equipartition degree at any radial or projected distance by means of Φ0. As a result, a cluster in a more advanced dynamical state shows a larger Φ0, as well as larger Ncore and c, while rc decreases. We find the estimates of Φ0 obtained by fitting surface brightness profiles to be compatible at 2σ confidence level with those from internal kinematics, although further investigation of statistical and systematic errors is required.
Conclusions. Our work illustrates the predicting power of dynamical models to determine the energy equipartition degree of GCs. These models are a unique tool for determining structural and kinematic properties, and can be used where observational data are poor, as is the case for the most crowded regions of a cluster, where stars are barely resolved.
Autologous Contralateral and Ipsilateral Rotational Penetrating Keratoplasty – A Case Series and Mini-Review
Authors: Quintin Adrien , Serfözö Alexandra , Daas Loay , Suffo Shady , Seitz Berthold 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCorneal stromal opacities can severely impact visual acuity if they are located in the visual axis. Homologous penetrating keratoplasty (HPK) is usually the preferred surgical option in such clinical circumstances. However, autologous penetrating keratoplasty (APK) could be an immunologically safer alternative. The purpose of this study was to report the surgical technique, indications, and (dis)advantages of ipsilateral rotational and contralateral APK, as well as pre- and postoperative clinical findings of four patients who underwent contralateral APK. In ipsilateral rotational APK, eccentric trephination places the central corneal opacity at the excision edge, whereafter the corneal button is rotated to clear the visual axis. Contralateral APK is suitable for more specific clinical situations with corneal opacity in a functionally much better eye. Clear cornea of the (almost) blind eye suffering from a noncorneal pathology is transplanted to the potentially better seeing
eye suffering from a corneal pathology, followed by HPK in the (almost) blind donor eye. After 18 months, potentially better-seeing eyes improved from logMAR 1.3 to 0.6 in visual acuity, with most HPK-treated weaker eyes matching preoperative levels. Considering ipsilateral rotational and contralateral APK before moving on straight towards HPK is crucial in select cases. Autologous contralateral keratoplasty should be preferred for patients with (1) corneal scars in a potentially better seeing eye and (2) a clear cornea in an (almost) blind eye, especially in cases of high risk for graft rejection.
Die Häufigkeit von Augenverletzungen in Deutschland von 2008 bis 2022: eine Analyse der Qualitätsberichte der Krankenhäuser
Authors: Lang Stefan J. , Böhringer Daniel , Agostini Hansjürgen , Kuklinski Martin , Reinhard Thomas , Sturm Annette , Le-Deffge Hien , Gabel-Pfisterer Amelie 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Augenverletzungen können von leichten bis hin zu schweren Verletzungen reichen und zu dauerhaften Sehkrafteinschränkungen führen. Für Deutschland existieren bisher wenige epidemiologische Daten zu Augenverletzungen.
Ziel Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die objektive Erfassung leichter und schwerer Augenverletzungen in Deutschland mittels Auswertung der Qualitätsberichte der Krankenhäuser. Zudem soll die Relevanz von feuerwerksbedingten Verletzungen in Relation zur Gesamtzahl der Augenverletzungen und der Bevölkerung gesetzt werden.
Methoden In dieser retrospektiven Routinedatenuntersuchung wurden die Qualitätsberichte der Krankenhäuser aus den Jahren 2008 bis 2022 im XML-Format ausgewertet. Die Datenverarbeitung und statistische Auswertung erfolgten mit der Programmiersprache R. Die Anzahl der codierten Augenverletzungen wurde zusammen mit den Ortsdaten auf Ebene der Bundesländer exportiert und analysiert. Zusätzlich wurden Daten einer prospektiven Umfragestudie zu feuerwerksbedingten Augenverletzungen von 2016 bis 2023 einbezogen.
Ergebnisse Die häufigste behandelte Augenverletzung in Deutschland ist die Prellung des Augapfels und/oder der Orbita mit bis zu 2500 Fällen pro Jahr. Bei den schweren Verletzungen treten am häufigsten traumatische Augapfeleröffnungen mit Verlust von intraokularem Gewebe auf (bis zu 990 Fälle pro Jahr). Ab 2020 zeigt sich ein Rückgang aller Augenverletzungen. Prozentual werden in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern mit bis zu 0,017% am meisten Augenverletzungen behandelt, absolut gesehen in Nordrhein-Westfalen mit bis zu 1600 Verletzungen. Private Feuerwerkskörper sind vermutlich für 1,4% der jährlichen Bulbusrupturen und 8,3% der Bulbusprellungen verantwortlich.
Schlussfolgerung Die Auswertung der Krankenhausqualitätsberichte liefert erstmals umfassende epidemiologische Daten zu Augenverletzungen in Deutschland. Feuerwerksbedingte Verletzungen machen einen relevanten Anteil der Gesamtverletzungen aus. Die Ergebnisse können als Grundlage für präventive Maßnahmen und gesundheitspolitische Entscheidungen dienen.
Primärärztliche Labordiagnostik autoimmuner Lebererkrankungen – Short review
Authors: Moßhammer Dirk , Reichert Matthias Christian 
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund und Zielsetzung Erhöhte Leberwerte (ELW) sind in Deutschland häufig. Ärzten der Primärversorgung kommt eine besondere Rolle in der Früherkennung von Lebererkrankungen zu. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, eine Übersicht für Ärzte im primärärztlichen Sektor über autoimmune Lebererkrankungen zu schaffen, mit dem Fokus auf die Labordiagnostik.
Methode Als Referenz dienen die nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien und Übersichtsartikel, ergänzt durch die aktuellen Prävalenzdaten des Zentralinstituts kassenärztliche Vereinigung (ZI).
Ergebnisse Im Jahr 2022 erhielten von den rund 59 Millionen primärärztlichen Patienten ab dem 20. Lebensjahr ca. 50–60/100 000 eine gesicherte Diagnose einer Autoimmun-Hepatitis oder primär biliären Cholangitis (nach ICD-10-GM-Diagnose). Die Diagnosen wurden bei Frauen 2- bis 6-mal häufiger gestellt als bei Männern. Die primär sklerosierende Cholangitis kam bei rund 10/100 000 primärärztlichen behandelten Personen vor; Frauen waren bis zu 2-mal häufiger betroffen, insbesondere ab einem Lebensalter von 60 Jahren. Daten zu Ätiologie, Klinik, labordiagnostischen Parametern, Therapiemöglichkeiten und Prognosedaten zu den 3 Krankheitsentitäten werden in diesem Artikel in Kürze dargestellt.
Schlussfolgerung Die Labordiagnostik ist für die Diagnose autoimmuner Lebererkrankungen der zentrale Schritt. Ein generelles Laborwerte-Screening bei ELW ist jedoch nicht ratsam. Vielmehr muss bedacht werden, dass für diese Marker in der primärärztlichen Versorgung bislang keine validierten Kennzahlen vorliegen. Die Interpretation dieser Laborwerte ist also komplex. Es ist deshalb ratsam, unter Berücksichtigung der häufigen (und weniger häufigen) Ursachen, die zu ELW führen können, eine Bestimmung dieser speziellen Laborparameter in Betracht zu ziehen.
Ultrasound elastography: a brief clinical history of an evolving
technique
Authors: Dietrich Christoph F. , Dong Yi , Cui Xin-Wu , Fink Mathias , Jenssen Christian , Moeller Kathleen , Sandrin Laurent , Tsuneyoshi Sugimoto , Tanter Mickael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe history of the emerging elastographic technique is presented. Ultrasound
imaging of elasticity and tissue strain has gained clinical acceptance as an
established technique useful in routine daily clinical practice.