bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA COQUELUCHE NA REGIÃO NORTE DO BRASIL ENTRE 2012 E 2015
Authors: Dias Fellipe Camargo Ferreira , Liberato Aline Almeida , Lobo Pedro Henrique Procópio , Gusmão Kamile Eller , De Santana Victor Mateus Xavier , Oliveira Vitória de Souza , Calado Enoque Júnio da Rocha , Oliveira Amanda Amâncio , Lopes Aline Barbosa , Guedes Virgílio Ribeiro 
Published: October 2017

RESUMO
A coqueluche é uma doença infecciosa causada pela bactéria Bordetella pertussis, que se manifesta tipicamente com quadros paroxísticos de tosse seca e irritativa. Os casos de maior gravidade tendem a ocorrer em lactentes, especialmente em menores de seis meses de idade. Trata-se de doença prevenível por meio de vacinação, inserida no Programa Nacional de Imunizações desde 1973. Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma análise epidemiológica retrospectiva com relação aos casos de coqueluche na região Norte do Brasil entre os anos de 2012 e 2015, tendo como base dados oficiais obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação – SINAN. Os resultados demonstraram uma tendência geral à diminuição da ocorrência de coqueluche na região, associada a uma cobertura vacinal que se manteve relativamente constante ao longo dos anos. Observou-se também a existência de um desafio quanto à confirmação dos casos de coqueluche na região, decorrente do número limitado de laboratórios especializados capazes de realizar os testes indicados. A maior parte dos casos se concentrou na população pediátrica, especialmente nos menores de um ano, constatando-se letalidade relativamente baixa. Esses achados corroboram a literatura vigente, onde a coqueluche é frequentemente descrita como uma doença benigna, com excelente resposta ao tratamento antimicrobiano. Palavras-chave: coqueluche, pertussis, epidemiologia, Região Norte, Brasil.
ABSTRACT
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough is an infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, a Gram-negative bacteria, of which typical manifestations include paroxistic episodes of irritative dry coughing. Severe cases happen more frequently in infants, especially in those below six months old. It is a preventable disease by means of vaccination, included in the National Immunization Program since 1973. This study had the objective of elaborating a retrospective epidemiological analysis of pertussis cases reported in the North region of Brazil between 2012 and 2015, utilizing official data from a major national information system – SINAN. Our findings suggest a tendency towards a reduction in the incidence of pertussis in the region, as well as a stable vaccination coverage across this timeline. A challenge regarding confirmation of cases was noted, due to a limited number of laboratories capable of applying the recommended tests. Most cases involved the pediatric population, especially infants below one year of age, and mortality was relatively low. These findings support the current literature, in which pertussis is described as a benign condition with very positive outcomes when appropriate antimicrobial treatment is installed. Keywords: pertussis, whooping, cough, epidemiology, North Region, Brazil.
Injuries to the Female Athlete in 2017
Authors: Frank Rachel M. , Romeo Anthony A. , Bush-Joseph Charles A. , Bach Bernard R. 
Published: October 2017

* Youth female athletes are more likely to sustain overuse injuries compared with traumatic injuries, and youth male patients are more likely to present following a traumatic injury compared with an overuse injury.* Among high-school athletes, although boys’ football tends to have the overall highest rate of injuries requiring a surgical procedure, among directly comparable sports (soccer, basketball, and baseball or softball), girls generally have a significantly higher rate of injury requiring a surgical procedure, with the knee being the most commonly injured anatomical location.* In sports with similar playing rules, specifically basketball and soccer, the reported incidence of concussion is higher in female athletes compared with male athletes.* The incidence of lower-extremity stress fractures is substantially higher in female athletes, female military personnel, and female runners compared with male athletes, male military personnel, and male runners.* In 2007, the description of the female athlete triad was modified by the American College of Sports Medicine to focus more on the underlying metabolic features of the syndrome, and has more recently been described as the combination of low-energy availability, with or without disordered eating; menstrual dysfunction; and low bone mineral density.
Injuries to the Female Athlete in 2017
Authors: Frank Rachel M. , Romeo Anthony A. , Bush-Joseph Charles A. , Bach Bernard R. 
Published: October 2017

* Among female and male patients with hip labral pathology, female patients have smaller alpha angles, acetabular version values, and femoral anteversion values when compared with male patients.* Revision hip arthroscopic surgical procedures for femoroacetabular impingement are more common in female patients than male patients.* Not all patients with shoulder laxity have instability, and it is critical for clinicians to understand that shoulder laxity is not synonymous with instability, particularly in the female athlete.* Among high-school and collegiate athletic patient populations, female athletes are more likely to sustain some ankle and knee injuries compared with male athletes when assessing sex-comparable sports participation.* The rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture in female athletes is at least 3 times higher than the rate of ACL rupture in male athletes. Although many potential variables, including anatomical differences, hormonal differences, biomechanical factors, neuromuscular factors, genetic predisposition, and even psychological assessment of competitive ability, have been suggested, no single factor can account for this remarkable difference.* Sex-based differences in native knee anatomy and kinematics, including increased quadriceps (Q)-angles and femoral anteversion in female athletes compared with male athletes, contribute to higher rates of recurrent patellar instability in female athletes.* Sex-based differences in dynamic knee valgus or tibiofemoral abduction, quadriceps dominance or relative hamstring weakness, foot pronation, and tibial external rotation, as well as possible core weakness, for example, have all been implicated as risk factors for ACL injury and patellofemoral pain or instability in the female athlete.
Mechanistic Modeling of Clay Swelling in Hydraulic–Fractures Network
Authors: Sanaei Alireza , Shakiba Mahmood , Varavei Abdoljalil , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: October 2017

SummaryHydraulic fracturing is the most effective technique used in the oil industry for economical production of hydrocarbon from very-low-permeability reservoirs. Recent experimental studies have indicated a change in hydraulic-fracture (HF) conductivity as the result of the interactions between fracturing fluid and shale matrix. Clay swelling is one of the well-known undesirable interactions of this kind. If clay swelling occurs on the surface of the HF, it can cause major damage to the overall performance of the fracture network. Thus, a detailed understanding of the clay-stability issue is essential for fracturing-fluid selection and operation planning.Clay-swelling-induced conductivity damage is primarily a function of rock mineralogy, fracturing-fluid composition, and formation-brine salinity. Thus, various levels of clay/water interaction are expected in different shale formations. In this study, we present a mechanistic approach to model clay swelling in various rock mineralogies including Barnett (clay-rich), Eagle Ford (calcite-rich), and Marcellus shales. Subsequently, we investigate the production loss caused by clay swelling in a realistic complex HF network. We used UTCOMP-IPhreeqc, a coupled multiphase reactive-transport simulator developed at the University of Texas at Austin, to comprehensively model this process. The ion hydration and the expansion of electrostatic double layer (EDL) were assumed to be the main clay-swelling mechanisms. Surface complexation and ion-exchange reactions were considered to capture the ion diffusion into the electrostatic double layer expansion. In each timestep of the simulation, the calculated volume expansion of clay materials exposed on the fracture surface was used to modify the fracture aperture. To evaluate the performance of a complex HF network after clay-swelling damage, the embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) was applied.The simulation results indicated that the degree of clay swelling varies in different shale formations. On the basis of the clay content and the mineralogies that were considered in this work, a significant expansion in electrostatic double layer expansion was observed for the Barnett Shale when fresh water was injected. However, this effect was much lower in Eagle Ford and Marcellus shales. Similarly, the production loss in the HF network was substantial in the Barnett example. The contribution of the fractures far from the producing well in gas production significantly decreased after clay-swelling damage. The pressure-depletion profiles clearly showed the adverse impact of conductivity damage on fracture-network performance. The presented approach provides the capability to mechanistically model the clay stability and to approximate its impact on transport properties of HFs.
Ubicación óptima de unidades de servicio bajo condiciones de capacidad limitada mediante un método metaheurístico
Authors: Ríos Mercado Roger Z. , Quevedo Orozco Dagoberto R. 
Published: October 2017

Introducción. El problema de localización de p-centro capacitado consiste en ubicar p instalaciones y asignar usuarios a cada una de ellas, de tal manera que se minimice la distancia máxima entre cualquier usuario y su instalación asignada, sujeto a la capacidad en la demanda restringida por cada instalación. Este trabajo propone una metodología heurística para la solución del problema; los resultados de la experimentación demuestran la calidad de la heurística propuesta en relación con los métodos existentes en la literatura. Método. Se propone una metodología heurística para la solución de este problema, la cual integra varios componentes, tales como un método voraz-adaptativo con una selección probabilística, búsqueda local voraz iterada y una búsqueda descendente por entornos variables. Resultados. La evidencia empírica sobre un conjunto de instancias de localización usualmente utilizadas en la literatura, revela el impacto positivo de cada uno de los componentes desarrollados y de la calidad de la heurística propuesta en relación con los métodos existentes. Por ejemplo, la heurística propuesta pudo encontrar soluciones factibles a todas las instancias probadas, excepto a dos; mientras que el mejor de los otros tres métodos probados falló en 18 de las instancias. Conclusión. Se encontró empíricamente que la heurística propuesta supera a la mejor heurística existente para este problema en términos de calidad de la solución, tiempo de ejecución y confiabilidad en la búsqueda de soluciones factibles en instancias difíciles.
The Unsaturated Polyester Via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) of ω-6-Hexadecenlactone
Authors: Martinez Araceli , Tlenkopatchev Mikhail A. , Gutierrez Selena 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Ring opening metathesis polymerization of lactones using alkylidene catalysts is an
alternative to obtain unsaturated linear polyesters with remarkable thermal and mechanical properties. Also,
these polyesters have properties of biodegradability which opens up a wide range of applications as environmentally
friendly thermoplastics and biomaterials.

Objective:
This research aims to present one route to obtain an unsaturated linear polyester poly(ω-6-
hexadecenlactone) via ring opening-metathesis polymerization of ω-6-hexadecenlactone using the rutheniumalkylidene
[Ru(Cl)2(=CHPh)(PCy3)2] (I), [Ru(Cl2)(=CHPh)(1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene)(
PCy3)] (II) and [Ru(Cl2)(=CH(o-isopropoxyphenylmethylene))(1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene)]
(III) and the ruthenium-vinylidene [RuCl2(=C=CH(p-C6H4CF3))(PCy3)2] (IV) catalysts.

Conclusion:
The high number-average molecular weights of the poly(ω-6-hexadecenlactone) between Mn =
114,800-155,400 g/mol and yields ranging from 96 to 98 % can be achieved by II and III catalysts. The catalysts
II and III with the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand showed superior activity and stability upon catalysts I
and IV bearing PCy3 ligands. The hydrogenation of poly(ω-6-hexadecenlactone) using Wilkinson catalyst
[RhCl(PPh3)3] was studied. The percent crystallinity of the unsaturated poly(ω-6-hexadecenlactone) was 31%
with a melting temperature 47.60ºC. Stress-strain measurements of several poly(ω-6-hexadecenlactone) were
determined.
A Straightforward Synthesis of 4,7-Disubstituted 1,4-Oxazepanes via a Bronsted Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular Etherification Reaction
Authors: Castillo Juan-Carlos , Portilla Jaime , Insuasty Braulio , Quiroga Jairo , Abonia Rodrigo 
Published: October 2017

Aim and Objective: Although many synthetic methods are known for seven-membered N,Oheterocycles,
most of them focus on fused benzoxazepines. In fact, an exhaustive searching of the literature revealed
that very few synthetic approaches for non-fused 1,4-oxazepanes have been reported. Thus, straightforward
and efficient synthetic strategies for the construction of diversely substituted 1,4-oxazepanes would be a
welcome access to a relatively underexplored chemical space. Two of these strategies were undertaken in this
study.

Materials and Methods:
One of our reactions proceeded by the treatment of ethanolamines with polyformaldehyde
and N-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one in ACN as solvent at room temperature in order to obtain the title 1,4-
oxazepane derivatives. Alternatively, through a careful temperature control, analog structures were selectively
obtained from a H2SO4 catalyzed intramolecular etherification reaction of diversely substituted N-tethered bisalcohols
in p-dioxane as solvent.

Results:
Based on intramolecular etherifications, two strategies (i.e. a three-component Mannich-type approach
and cyclization of N-tethered bis-alcohols), were implemented for the synthesis of novel and diversely 4,7-
disubstituted 1,4-oxazepanes in moderate to good yields. Structures of the new obtained compounds were confirmed
by 1- and 2D NMR techniques as well as MS spectra.

Conclusion:
According to the results, the above intramolecular etherification reactions proceeded with the
formation of benzylic carbocations as the key intermediates for the generation of the title compounds. Temperature
and the nature of the R1 substituent in the N-tethered bis-alcohols were critical variables for the selective
formation of the desired products from this kind of precursors.
A Study of the Relationship between a Going Concern Opinion and Its Financial Distress Metrics
Authors: Desai Vikram , Kim Joung W. , Srivastava Rajendra P. , Desai Renu V. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
The primary objective of this paper is to employ search engine technology to investigate the relationship between first-time going concern opinions (GCOs) and the financial viability of the GCO recipients using delisting as a criterion rather than bankruptcy. The paper also investigates the impact of client distress factors on auditors' propensity to issue GCOs. The search engine enables us to examine the entire population of 10-K filings from 1995 to 2015 and also to obtain delisting data, which are not readily available in commercial databases. Contrary to prior research, we find that the survival rate of first-time GCOs is much lower when we use delisting as a measure of financial viability. Around 26 percent of the companies that receive their first GCOs are delisted within a period of one year of the audit opinion date, and 50 percent of the companies that receive their first GCOs are delisted within a period of three years. The bankruptcy rate of first-time GCO companies within one year is around 9 percent. Such evidence may prove useful to the PCAOB's effort to expeditiously assess the intended benefit of GCOs. In addition, we find that the propensity of auditors to issue GCOs varies for each distress factor.
A Repeat Offender of Corruption: South MunaiGas Case Study
Authors: Reddic Willie , Shelton Sandra W. , Shmagel Georgi K. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Fraud is a serious and growing international problem, and can greatly affect a company's performance. The current case highlights the impact that culture can have on corporate corruption through the culture of a specific organization, as well as through the broader culture of a society. In this case, Russian NorthOilService (NOS) acquired 98 percent of the shares of the near-bankrupt Kazakh drilling company, South MunaiGas (SMG) in 2007. NOS management realized that SMG's weak financial standing was caused by corporate fraud and corruption, among other factors. Unfortunately, NOS was unable to prevent the new management team of SMG from committing fraud, despite NOS's anti-fraud efforts after acquisition. This actual case study focuses on the accounting and other frauds perpetrated by the SMG management team and the anticorruption measures implemented by NOS. It addresses fraud, bribery, corruption, and misappropriation of assets through inappropriate procurement procedures, in a cultural environment differing substantially from U.S. corporate contexts. This case is suitable for use in auditing, corporate governance, and fraud examination courses.
Does Viewing Sacrificed Integrity as a Negotiable Cost Promote Acceptance of Fraud?
Authors: Ugrin Joseph C. , Odom Marcus Dean 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
The accounting profession relies heavily on professional integrity to control fraud and abuse; yet we know little about the relationship between integrity and fraud. We propose that integrity influences accountants' attitudes about fraud through rational calculations of risk and reward, where accountants weigh the loss of integrity against potential returns. We adapt and test a model that incorporates outcome bias and framing in an experiment with student participants (n = 86). When confronted with financial statement fraud, the likely outcome of the fraud influences attitudes about integrity, and integrity mediates the effect of the likely outcome of the fraud on attitudes toward the fraud. This finding suggests that attitudes about integrity partially determine attitudes about fraud. However, we argue that accountants' attitudes about integrity are corruptible, meaning the profession cannot rely on self-regulation alone to control fraud and abuse.
Os desafios para a implementação da Lei 10.639/03: uma análise a partir de outros olhares epistêmicos
Authors: De Jesus Fernando Santos 
Published: October 2017

Este artigo disserta sobre a necessidade de implementação da Lei 10.639/03 nas universidades brasileiras, a partir da discussão acerca das possibilidades de encaminhar formações mais direcionadas para o lido com as diferenças inscritas nessa sociedade, uma vez que os profissionais que saem da universidade lidarão com pessoas em suas respectivas profissões. A análise é feita sob a luz de teorias filosóficas e sociológicas, que dissertam sobre o fenômeno do racismo no Brasil. Desse modo, são utilizados autores como Carlos Moore e Kabengele Munanga para encaminhar a discussão. O percurso analítico parte do pressuposto de que os cursos de licenciaturas e bacharelados das universidades brasileiras não preparam suficientemente bem os profissionais para as relações étnico-raciais no mercado de trabalho - desde as escolas, universidades, ou prestações de serviços e indústrias, acarretando perpetuação de estereótipos e preconceito racial. A importância dessa discussão diz respeito ao imaginário social brasileiro e suas imagens pejorativas em relação aos negros, pois as relações interpessoais em ambientes de trabalho e escolares podem ser transformadas a partir de conhecimentos específicos nas formações de profissionais que dialoguem melhor nos ambientes profissionais e educacionais. Palavras-Chave: Negros; Lei 10.639/03; Preconceito Racial; Estereótipos.
تأثير أسلوبي التمايز التنافسي المباشر وغير المباشر في تعلم بعض المهارات الهجومية في كرة اليد
Authors: Azadeen Moad K. , Yousef Saadi O. , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. 
Published: October 2017

The research aims to figure out the effect of direct and indirect competitive differentiation style and showing explained show (classical) in learning some offensive skills in handball, and compare the results of both direct and indirect competitive differentiation and explained show (classical) styles in learning some offensive skills in handball. The researchers used thee experimental approach because the suitability to research. The community of research selected of second year students in school of Physical Education University of Duhok (2014-2015), they were 65 students divided to three groups.
While the sample was consisted 42 students represented three groups, where each group consisted of 14 students, where chosen randomly after excluded some students because of homogeneity of research. After the homogeneity of research between the groups, two instructional programs were set up for the chosen skills, where the period of program was 6 weeks 2 times a week for 90 minutes. SPSS was used to analyze the data.
The researchers conclude:

The direct and indirect competitive differentiation styles (classical) have a positive effect on learning some offensive skills in handball.

The second experimental group that used the direct competitive differentiation styles better improvement than the first experimental group that used the indirect competitive differentiation styles and the third experimental group that used the classical styles in learning some offensive skills in handball
The Importance of Bank Seniority for Relationship Lending
Authors: Longhofer Stanley , Santos João A. C. 
Published: October 2017

The idea that banks exist to reduce the costs of monitoring is central to modern theories of financial intermediation. The fact that banks are generally granted senior positions on their small-business loans, however, is hard to reconcile with the typical view that junior lenders have the best incentives to engage in this costly monitoring. Our paper addresses this puzzling contradiction by showing that bank seniority plays an important role in encouraging the formation of valuable bank-firm relationships.
The intuition behind our model lies in the fact that once the firm’s prospects have deteriorated, junior creditors have incentives much like those of the firm’s shareholders. Thus, it is the most senior claimant that benefits from helping the firm improve its quality. If banks are made junior to other creditors, they benefit little from additional investment in the firm during times of poor performance and hence will have little incentive to build relationships that enable them to determine the value of such an investment. As a result, making the bank senior improves its incentives to build a relationship with the firm, thereby fulfilling an important function of intermediated debt.