bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cause of and factors associated with stillbirth: a systematic review of classification systems
Authors: Aminu Mamuda , Bar‐Zeev Sarah , van den Broek Nynke 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionAn estimated 2.6 million stillbirths occur worldwide each year. A standardized classification system setting out possible cause of death and contributing factors is useful to help obtain comparative data across different settings. We undertook a systematic review of stillbirth classification systems to highlight their strengths and weaknesses for practitioners and policymakers.Material and methodsWe conducted a systematic search and review of the literature to identify the classification systems used to aggregate information for stillbirth and perinatal deaths. Narrative synthesis was used to compare the range and depth of information required to apply the systems, and the different categories provided for cause of and factors contributing to stillbirth.ResultsA total of 118 documents were screened; 31 classification systems were included, of which six were designed specifically for stillbirth, 14 for perinatal death, three systems included neonatal deaths and two included infant deaths. Most (27/31) were developed in and first tested using data obtained from high‐income settings. All systems required information from clinical records. One‐third of the classification systems (11/31) included information obtained from histology or autopsy. The percentage where cause of death remained unknown ranged from 0.39% using the Nordic‐Baltic classification to 46.4% using the Keeling system.ConclusionOver time, classification systems have become more complex. The success of application is dependent on the availability of detailed clinical information and laboratory investigations. Systems that adopt a layered approach allow for classification of cause of death to a broad as well as to a more detailed level.
Seasonal changes in gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes, androgen and estrogen receptors in frog testis
Authors: Santillo Alessandra , Falvo Sara , Chieffi Baccari Gabriella , Di Fiore Maria Maddalena 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe anuran amphibian Pelophylax esculentus shows an annual cycle of sexual steroid production and spermatogenesis. To more thoroughly comprehend the steroidogenic pathways that govern the seasonal reproductive cycle, we investigated the mRNA expression of key enzymes involved in the androgenic and oestrogenic biosynthesis pathways in the testis of frogs taken in the reproductive and postreproductive period. Furthermore, we also analysed androgen and oestrogen levels and their own receptor gene expressions. Our findings showed that during the reproductive period, 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 5α‐reductase mRNA levels were higher than those during the postreproductive period. High testosterone and 5α‐dihydrotestosterone titres as well as the expression levels of androgen receptors in the reproductive testis strongly confirmed that the androgenic pathway is necessary for spermatogenesis activation. Conversely, during the postreproductive period, the highest P450 aromatase, estrogen receptor α and β mRNA levels, paralleling with oestradiol titres, indicated that the oestrogenic pathway is essential for the interruption of the reproductive processes. Our findings demonstrated, for the first time in amphibians, that testicular endocrine cyclic activity could be modulated by the up‐regulation of key steroidogenic enzyme gene expressions. This in turn determines the activation of the androgenic pathway in reproductive phase and the oestrogenic one in postreproductive phase.
A Fast Small-Sample Kernel Independence Test for Microbiome Community-Level Association Analysis
Authors: Zhan Xiang , Plantinga Anna , Zhao Ni , Wu Michael C. 
Published: March 2017

Summary
To fully understand the role of microbiome in human health and diseases, researchers are increasingly interested in assessing the relationship between microbiome composition and host genomic data. The dimensionality of the data as well as complex relationships between microbiota and host genomics pose considerable challenges for analysis. In this article, we apply a kernel RV coefficient (KRV) test to evaluate the overall association between host gene expression and microbiome composition. The KRV statistic can capture nonlinear correlations and complex relationships among the individual data types and between gene expression and microbiome composition through measuring general dependency. Testing proceeds via a similar route as existing tests of the generalized RV coefficients and allows for rapid p-value calculation. Strategies to allow adjustment for confounding effects, which is crucial for avoiding misleading results, and to alleviate the problem of selecting the most favorable kernel are considered. Simulation studies show that KRV is useful in testing statistical independence with finite samples given the kernels are appropriately chosen, and can powerfully identify existing associations between microbiome composition and host genomic data while protecting type I error. We apply the KRV to a microbiome study examining the relationship between host transcriptome and microbiome composition within the context of inflammatory bowel disease and are able to derive new biological insights and provide formal inference on prior qualitative observations.
Family‐centred care for children and young people with cerebral palsy: results from an Italian multicenter observational study
Authors: Molinaro A. , Fedrizzi E. , Calza S. , Pagliano E. , Jessica G. , Fazzi E. ,   GIPCI Study Group
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundFamily‐centred care (FCC) is recognized as the model of best practice for the provision of services for children who have physical disabilities and their families.ObjectiveTo assess the overall perception of FCC provided in an Italian network of 17 rehabilitation services, as perceived by parents of children with cerebral palsy and professionals, and to explore whether children, families, service providers and service‐related characteristics influence parent satisfaction regarding service provision in an FCC practice.MethodsThe Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC‐20) for parents/caregivers and the Measure of Processes of Care for Service Providers (MPOC‐SP) for healthcare providers were used. For the purposes of the study, an ad hoc information form was developed to collect information concerning children, families, service providers and services.ResultsA total of 382 parents/caregivers and 269 healthcare providers completed the MPOC questionnaires. Parents and service providers both identified the domains for enabling partnerships and interpersonal sensitivity as a strength, while the domain relating to general information was always scored the lowest. An advanced maternal age, being a single parent, being unemployed and having lower socio‐economic status were factors identified as individually predictive of lower FCC scores on the MPOC‐20. Higher intensity treatment, inpatient services, primary healthcare settings and settings identified with limited financial resources and reduced space/time for each family were other variables significantly associated with less favourable MPOC‐20 ratings.ConclusionsThe perception of FCC provided was fairly positive, with some areas of improvement, such as the domain of provision of information. Professionals should, therefore, provide better communication and take more time in giving information and attention to parents. Potential sources of variation in parent perceptions of FCC based on family characteristics and the organization of services highlight the importance the need to support services through the provision of greater financial and human resources.
Peer Problems and Hyperactivity–Impulsivity Among Norwegian and American Children: The Role of 5‐HTTLPR
Authors: Stenseng Frode , Li Zhi , Belsky Jay , Hygen Beate W. , Skalicka Vera , Guzey Ismail C. , Wichstrøm Lars 
Published: March 2017

Peer problems are linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and the serotonin system is thought to be involved in ADHD‐related behavior. Hence, from a Gene × Environment perspective, the serotonin transporter 5‐HTTLPR may play a moderating role. In two large community samples, the moderating role of 5‐HTTLPR was examined related to more hyperactivity–impulsivity symptoms (HI symptoms) predicted by more peer problems. In Study 1, involving 642 Norwegian children, results indicated that for s‐allele carriers only, caregiver‐reported peer problems at age 4 predicted more parent‐reported HI symptoms at age 6. In Study 2, similar results emerged involving 482 American children. Discussion focuses on differential sensitivity to the adverse effects of poor peer relations.
Preschoolers’ Understanding of How Others Learn Through Action and Instruction
Authors: Sobel David M. , Letourneau Susan M. 
Published: March 2017

It is widely believed that exploration is a mechanism for young children's learning. The present investigation examines preschoolers’ beliefs about how learning occurs. We asked 3‐ to 5‐year‐olds to articulate how characters in a set of stories learned about a new toy. Younger preschoolers were more likely to overemphasize the role of characters’ actions in learning than older children were (Experiment 1, N = 53). Overall performance improved when the stories explicitly stated that characters were originally ignorant and clarified the characters’ actions, but general developmental trends remained (Experiment 2, N = 48). These data suggest that explicit metacognitive understanding of the relation between actions and learning is developing during the preschool years, which might have implications for how children learn from exploration.
Mother–Child Attachment From Infancy to the Preschool Years: Predicting Security and Stability
Authors: Meins Elizabeth , Bureau Jean‐François , Fernyhough Charles 
Published: March 2017

Relations between maternal mind‐mindedness (appropriate and nonattuned mind‐related comments), children's age‐2 perspective‐taking abilities, and attachment security at 44 (n = 165) and 51 (n = 128) months were investigated. Nonattuned comments predicted insecure preschool attachment, via insecure 15‐month attachment security (44‐month attachment) and poorer age‐2 perspective‐taking abilities (51‐month attachment). With regard to attachment stability, higher perspective‐taking abilities distinguished the stable secure groups from (a) the stable insecure groups and (b) children who changed from secure to insecure (at trend level). These effects were independent of child gender, stressful life events, and socioeconomic status (SES). The contribution of these findings to our understanding of stability and change in attachment security from infancy to the preschool years is discussed.
Chronic amastigote‐negative cutaneous leishmaniasis: A clinical, histopathologic and molecular study of 27 cases with emphasis on atypical and pseudolymphomatous presentations
Authors: Tomasini Carlo , Moneghini Laura , Barbui Anna M. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundChronic amastigote‐negative cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a diagnostic challenge, as the parasite load may be low, or absent in biopsy tissue sections.MethodsA series of consecutive biopsy specimens, taken from 130 patients with a diagnosis of granulomatous dermatitis of unknown etiology, were reviewed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out for Leishmania‐specific DNA.ResultsA total of 27 of 130 samples were positive for Leishmania‐specific DNA. In only 3 patients was a clinical diagnosis CL made. The lesions were, single or multiple nodules or plaques of many months duration. Histopathologically, a tuberculoid granulomatous dermatitis was the least common denominator in every case, whilst in 5 cases a heavy lymphoid component was predominant. One patient had a concurrent cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), the additional PCR study showed the presence of Leishmania DNA in tissue.ConclusionsThe results of this study expand on previous observations as to the deceptive clinicopathologic manifestations of chronic CL, confirming the diagnostic value of PCR analysis for Leishmania DNA in unspecified granulomatous dermatitides. We also suggest that, in countries where Leishmaniasis is endemic, PCR for Leishmania‐specific DNA be performed in any idiopathic pseudolymphomatous. More compelling evidence as to whether chronic Leishmania infection is implicated in the pathogenesis of some cutaneous MZL is warranted by further studies.
Effect of direct oral anticoagulants on the risk of delayed bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Yoshio Toshiyuki , Tomida Hideomi , Iwasaki Ryuichiro , Horiuchi Yusuke , Omae Masami , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Yamamoto Yorimasa , Tsuchida Tomohiro , Fujisaki Junko , Yamada Takuya , Mita Eiji , Ninomiya Tomoyuki , Michitaka Kojiro , Igarashi Masahiro 
Published: March 2017

Background and AimAnticoagulants are used to prevent thromboembolic events. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are our new choice; however, their effect on bleeding risk for endoscopic treatment has not been reported. We aimed to assess the clinical effect of DOAC compared to warfarin for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).MethodsWe retrospectively studied 97 patients on anticoagulants and treated 108 gastric neoplasms with ESD in three referral institutes. Twenty‐four patients were taking DOAC, including dabigatran (12), rivaroxaban (11), and apixaban (one) and 73 were taking warfarin.ResultsIn the DOAC group, delayed bleeding rate was significantly higher in patients on rivaroxaban than in patients on dabigatran (45% vs 0%, P < 0.05) without relation to heparin bridge therapy (HBT). In the warfarin group, 78% of patients underwent HBT, and delayed bleeding rate was significantly higher in patients with HBT than in those without (36% vs 0%, P < 0.05). Delayed bleeding rate increased as intake of antithrombotic agents increased (P < 0.05). HBT period was shorter (P < 0.05) in DOAC because DOAC achieve the maximum effect quicker, and hospitalization period was shorter (P < 0.05), compared with warfarin. Multivariate analysis showed that HBT (OR, 10.7), rivaroxaban (OR, 6.00) and multiple antithrombotic agents (OR, 4.35) were independent delayed bleeding risk factors.ConclusionsThe DOAC effect differs in each agent. Dabigatran is a feasible alternative to warfarin for shortening the hospitalization period and decreasing delayed bleeding rate, although rivaroxaban has a significantly higher delayed bleeding risk.
Diagnostic capability of colon capsule endoscopy for advanced colorectal cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Ota Yumiko , Yamada Atsuo , Kobayashi Yuka , Niikura Ryota , Shimpoh Takayuki , Narita Akiko , Yoshida Shuntaro , Suzuki Nobumi , Watabe Hirotsugu , Hirata Yoshihiro , Ishihara Soichiro , Sunami Eiji , Watanabe Toshiaki , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2017

Background and AimColon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a safe and effective method for detecting lesions in the colon. However, the sensitivity of CCE in detecting advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been sufficiently evaluated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the sensitivity of CCE in detecting advanced CRC.MethodsPatients previously diagnosed with advanced CRC by conventional colonoscopy underwent CCE. Primary outcome measure was the sensitivity of CCE in detecting advanced CRC per patient and per lesion. Secondary parameters measured were the sensitivity of CCE in detecting polyps ≥6 mm and ≥10 mm in size in a per‐lesion analysis and the safety of CCE.ResultsOf the 21 advanced CRC lesions in 20 patients, 17 were detected by CCE. The per‐patient and per‐lesion sensitivities of CCE for detecting advanced CRC lesions were 85% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 62–97%) and 81% (95% CI: 58–95%), respectively. All advanced CRC lesions were diagnosed in the accessible region by CCE while the capsule was still functional. A significant association was found between incomplete CCE and failure to diagnose advanced CRC. No severe adverse events occurred.ConclusionThe diagnostic capability of CCE in detecting advanced CRC was limited in cases of procedure incompletion. Refining procedures to increase CCE procedure completion rates are required to enhance CRC detection.
Predictors of incident obesity phenotype in nonobese healthy adults
Authors: Eftekharzadeh Anita , Asghari Golaleh , Serahati Sara , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Azizi Ali , Barzin Maryam , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundDespite their different cardiovascular consequences, little is known about predictors of metabolically healthy (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO). This cohort study was designed to address this question in participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Materials and methodsEmploying the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) metabolic syndrome criteria to define MHO/MUHO phenotypes, nonobese, otherwise healthy individuals, aged > 20 years (n = 3489) were recruited and followed up for a median of 13·4 years.ResultsAt the follow‐up, MHO incidence rate in obese individuals was 36·6%. Comparing MHO vs. MUHO, female gender [odds ratio (OR) = 3·28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·27, 8·46)], increased body mass index (BMI; OR = 1·32, 95% CI: 1·12, 1·60) and elevated high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels (OR = 1·04, 95% CI: 1·02, 1·07) were related to higher odds of incident MHO, while older age (OR = 0·95, 95% CI: 0·92, 0·98), increased waist circumference (WC; OR = 0·86, 95% CI: 0·81, 0·91), higher WC gain (OR = 0·91, 95% CI: 0·87, 0·95) and increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP; OR = 0·94, 95% CI: 0·91, 0·98) prevented progression towards MHO.ConclusionsWhile baseline BMI and WC were detrimental for developing MHO vs. MUHO, gender was the strongest predictor of incident obesity phenotype in healthy nonobese individuals.
The association between systemic lupus erythematosus and valvular heart disease: an extensive data analysis
Authors: Watad ‬‬‬‬Abdulla , Tiosano Shmuel , Grysman Noam , Comaneshter Doron , Cohen Arnon D. , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Amital Howard 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundAssociation between antiphospholipid syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and valvular heart disease (VHD) is well reported, but relatively few studies have been carried out to establish the linkage between VHD and SLE itself. We aimed to investigate link between VHD and SLE and to evaluate the association of diverse factors with VHD among these patients in a large‐scale population‐based study.Materials and methodsWe used the databases of the largest state‐mandated health service organization in Israel. All SLE patients were included (n = 5018) as well as their age and sex‐matched controls (n = 25 090), creating a cross‐sectional population‐based study. Medical records of all subjects were analysed for documented VHD and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). A logistic regression model was carried out to evaluate the diverse factors including SLE and aPLs as independent risk factors for VHD.ResultsValvular heart disease were found to be more frequent among SLE group when compared to controls (aortic stenosis, 1·08% vs. 0·35% respectively, P < 0·001; aortic insufficiency, 1·32% vs. 0·29% respectively, P < 0·001; mitral stenosis, 0·74% vs. 0·21% respectively, P < 0·001; mitral insufficiency, 1·91% vs. 0·39% respectively, P < 0·001). Male sex, hypertension, aPLs and SLE were found to be significant independent risk factors for VHD.ConclusionAll VHD are more prevalent among SLE patients when compared to controls. SLE and aPLs are independent risk factor for VHD (OR of 2·46 and 1·7, respectively). Physicians must be aware of such significant association, and routine echocardiography should be considered in SLE patients regardless of their aPL status.
Dyadic and Triadic Family Interactions as Simultaneous Predictors of Children's Externalizing Behaviors
Authors: Murphy Sarah E. , Boyd‐Soisson Erin , Jacobvitz Deborah B. , Hazen Nancy L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dyadic and triadic family interactions and their association with the development of children's externalizing behaviors. Data were obtained from a longitudinal study of family interactions (N = 125), followed from before parents had their first child until children were 7 years old. Family interactions (marital, father–child, mother–child, and triadic mother–father–child) were observed in separate interaction tasks when children were 24 months old as predictors of children's externalizing behaviors at age 7 (n = 71 children). Results demonstrated that the triadic measure of competitive coparenting and the dyadic mother–child interaction characterized by negative emotional socialization related to children's later externalizing behavior, even after controlling for covariates and effects of all other family interaction variables. Results emphasize the importance of examining the family holistically and provided new information for designing more effective whole‐family interventions to reduce the development of children's externalizing behaviors.
Parachlorophenylalanine‐induced 5‐HT depletion alters behavioral and brain neurotransmitters levels in 6‐Hz psychomotor seizure model in mice
Authors: Jahan Kausar , Pillai Krishna K. , Vohora Divya 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe present study was designed to investigate the role of serotonin and other neurotransmitters namely dopamine (DA), histamine, nor‐epinephrine (NE), glutamate, and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the 6‐Hz‐induced psychomotor seizures in Swiss albino mice. Parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 300 mg/kg/day, i.p for 3 days)‐treated mice were given 6‐Hz stimulation. Sodium valproate (SVP) (200 mg/kg/day, p.o for 3 days) was used as a reference antiepileptic drug. The behavioral changes induced by 6 Hz including increased rearing and grooming, Straub's tail, behavioral arrest, stun position were amplified by PCPA. The 6‐Hz‐induced seizures were accompanied by reduced brain 5‐HT, DA, NE, histamine, GABA, and enhanced glutamate levels. PCPA facilitated further reduction of endogenous 5‐HT and DA levels but not NE, histamine, GABA, and glutamate levels. Pre‐ and post‐treatment with SVP protected the mice from 6‐Hz seizures and attenuated PCPA‐induced changes in the levels of 5‐HT and DA in the mice brain suggesting the protective effect of SVP in the pharmacoresistant model of epilepsy involving mainly serotonergic mechanism. However, the study also suggests modulation of other neurotransmitters both in 6‐Hz psychomotor seizures and in the action of SVP against such seizures.