bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2016 World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors
Authors: Wen Patrick Y. , Huse Jason T. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: Since 1979, the World Health Organization (WHO) has periodically published a consensus classification and grading of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) to ensure uniform histopathologic diagnostic criteria worldwide. In 2016, the WHO published an update of the fourth edition of the classification of CNS tumors. This article summarizes the major changes in the update and discusses their impact on clinical practice.

Recent Findings: For the first time, the 2016 revision of the WHO classification uses molecular parameters in addition to traditional histology to diagnose many CNS tumors, resulting in major restructuring of the classification of many tumors, especially gliomas, ependymomas, and medulloblastomas. Accordingly, nomenclature for selected entities now includes both a histopathologic diagnosis and defining molecular features.

Summary: The use of integrated phenotypic and genotypic parameters for the classification of CNS tumors introduces greater objectivity to the diagnosis but also requires more widespread availability of molecular testing. It is hoped that these changes will lead to greater diagnostic accuracy with more biologically homogeneous diagnostic entities and improved patient management and determination of prognosis.
Palliative Care, End-of-Life Care, and Advance Care Planning in Neuro-oncology
Authors: Walbert Tobias 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTPurpose of Review:Despite new therapeutic approaches, most patients with high-grade glioma face limited overall survival and have a high symptom burden throughout their disease trajectory, especially in the end-of-life phase. This article provides an overview of the role of palliative care in neuro-oncology. Management recommendations are made for neurologic symptoms in patients with advanced brain tumors, including headaches, nausea, and fatigue. Special attention is given to how and when to involve subspecialty palliative care and hospice services to improve symptom management during active tumor treatment and in the end-of-life phase of patients with brain tumors. Advance care planning and end-of-life goals should be addressed early in the disease trajectory; this article provides a road map for these discussions.Recent Findings:The high symptom burden of patients with brain tumors affects their quality of life as well as their ability to make treatment decisions. It is therefore warranted to involve patients with high-grade glioma in treatment decision making early in the disease course, with a focus on end-of-life care and advance care planning. Research in other World Health Organization grade IV cancers has shown that the early involvement of specialty palliative care improves quality of life and caregiver satisfaction. Patients with brain tumors should be actively screened for fatigue, and underlying factors such as hormone deficiencies, low blood counts, and sleep issues should be addressed before focusing interventions for tumor- and treatment-related fatigue.Summary:Palliative care can address typical symptoms, such as fatigue, nausea, and headaches that have the potential to severely disable patients with brain tumors. Advance care planning should be introduced proactively and early in the disease trajectory to ensure a dignified death and improved caregiver bereavement.
Paraneoplastic Disorders
Authors: Lancaster Eric 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes target specific areas of the nervous system with pathogenic autoantibodies or T-cell responses. Each syndrome conveys a risk of particular tumors. Expanded paraneoplastic antibody testing has led to improved diagnosis but created challenges involving appropriate interpretation of test results.

Recent Findings: Peripheral nervous system paraneoplastic disorders such as myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome involve pathogenic autoantibodies. Recently, the pathogenic mechanisms and antigens of these disorders have been further elucidated. Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with onconeuronal antibodies, such as anti-Hu, have strong cancer associations and limited response to treatment. Autoimmunity to central nervous system membrane proteins, such as the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor or leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1), defines an expanding group of disorders with better prognosis and more variable cancer associations. In these diseases, the autoantibodies are either proven to be or are potentially pathogenic. An animal model of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis will allow novel treatments to be developed. Autoantibodies to intracellular synaptic antigens, such as glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), are associated with diverse disorders such as stiff person syndrome, and the pathophysiology of these diseases is unclear.

Summary: Paraneoplastic disorders have diverse clinical manifestations, including weakness, sensory neuronopathy, encephalitis, epilepsy, and psychosis. Proper use of antibody testing may assist with diagnosis. Treatment may require immunotherapy and tumor treatment.
Neuroradiologic Pearls for Neuro-oncology
Authors: Klein Joshua P. , Dietrich Jorg 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article reviews key principles in the identification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) using standard and advanced imaging modalities. This article highlights the pitfalls and pearls of the imaging evaluation of patients with cancer at time of diagnosis and during cancer therapy and discusses the challenges of the imaging evaluation of treatment-related toxicities.

Recent Findings: Treatment of CNS tumors with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation alters the imaging appearance of the tumor and can be associated with a variety of treatment-related toxicities. The clinician must be familiar with how to assess response to treatment and how to differentiate tumor progression from treatment-related effects.

Summary: Management and follow-up of neuro-oncology patients is optimized by a comprehensive radiologic approach to CNS tumors and recognition of the challenges in the assessment of response to treatments.
Pediatric Brain Tumors
Authors: Dang Mai , Phillips Peter C. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTPurpose of Review:This article describes the most common pediatric brain tumors and highlights recent developments in their diagnosis and treatment strategies.Recent Findings:We are in the midst of a molecular era for pediatric brain tumors. Genetic and epigenetic profiling of tumors has impacted their diagnosis, allowing for the subgrouping of heterogeneous tumor groups and leading to the complete renaming of some tumor types. These advances are reflected in the new 2016 World Health Organization classification. For example, primitive neuroectodermal tumors have been completely eliminated and replaced by subgroups defined by the absence or presence of specific chromosomal amplification. Medulloblastomas, diffuse astrocytomas, and ependymomas now have specific subtypes that are based on defining molecular features. More recent epigenetic-based subgrouping of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors have not yet made it into the official classification system, but will surely have an impact on how these tumors are regarded in future preclinical and clinical trials.Summary:Genetic and epigenetic data are changing how pediatric brain tumors are diagnosed, are leading to new guidelines for how treatment outcome analyses can be organized, and are offering molecular targets that can be used for the development of novel therapies.
Epidemiology, Treatment, and Complications of Central Nervous System Metastases
Authors: Pruitt Amy A. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: Neurologic problems resulting from systemic cancer metastases to brain parenchyma, dura, spinal cord, and leptomeninges are among the most common types of consultations addressed by neurologists. With patients surviving longer from systemic cancer, along with the rapidly evolving therapeutic options, the treatment of these devastating complications has become both more effective and more complicated. This article reviews current patterns of metastatic disease and the increasingly nuanced landscape of evolving therapies, their complications, and their impact on quality of survival.

Recent Findings: Targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors and cytotoxic therapies directed at disease-specific chemosensitivity patterns have dramatically improved the prognosis of non–small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and breast cancer, but have led to some novel complications and altered recurrence patterns. Clinical trials suggest the superiority of hippocampal-avoidance radiation fields and the use of stereotactic radiosurgery over whole-brain radiation therapy to minimize long-term cognitive consequences of radiation therapy. Emerging data document tolerable safety when brain radiation is combined with immunotherapy. Chemotherapy can be a first-line treatment for some inoperable brain metastases, eliminating or deferring whole-brain radiation therapy. Stereotactic body radiation therapy is a new technique of radiation used for spinal and epidural metastases that spares spinal cord tissue while ablating tumors.

Summary: Metastases to the nervous system remain devastating, but their prognosis and therapies are more heterogeneous than previously appreciated. Neurologists now can offer more personalized prognostic information based on new stratification criteria, can predict drug complications relevant to the nervous system, and can provide critical partnership in the multidisciplinary effort to balance effective longer-term disease control with treatment-related adverse consequences.
MIST: A multi-resolution parcellation of functional brain networks
Authors: Urchs Sebastian , Armoza Jonathan , Benhajali Yassine , St-Aubin Jolène , Orban Pierre , Bellec Pierre 
Published: December 2017

Functional brain connectomics investigates functional connectivity between distinct brain parcels. There is an increasing interest to investigate connectivity across several levels of spatial resolution, from networks down to localized areas. Here we present the Multiresolution Intrinsic Segmentation Template (MIST), a multi-resolution parcellation of the cortical, subcortical and cerebellar gray matter. We provide annotated functional parcellations at nine resolutions from 7 to 444 functional parcels. The MIST parcellations compare well with prior work in terms of homogeneity and generalizability. We found that parcels at higher resolutions largely fell within the boundaries of larger parcels at lower resolutions. This allowed us to provide an overlap based pseudo-hierarchical decomposition tree that relates parcels across resolutions in a meaningful way. We provide an interactive web interface to explore the MIST parcellations and also made it accessible in the neuroimaging library nilearn. We believe that the MIST parcellation will facilitate future investigations of the multiresolution basis of brain function.
Unbiased Approach to Counteract Upward Drift in Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-β 1–42 Analysis Results
Authors: Tijms Betty M , Willemse Eline A J , Zwan Marissa D , Mulder Sandra D , Visser Pieter Jelle , van Berckel Bart N M , van der Flier Wiesje M , Scheltens Philip , Teunissen Charlotte E 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDLow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β 1–42 (Aβ 1–42) concentrations indicate amyloid plaque accumulation in the brain, a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD). Innotest assay values of Aβ 1–42 have gradually increased over the past 2 decades, which might lead to misclassification of AD when a single cutpoint for abnormality is used. We propose an unbiased approach to statistically correct for drift.METHODSWe determined year-specific cutpoints with Gaussian mixture modeling, based on the cross-section of bimodal distributions of Aβ 1–42 concentrations in 4397 memory clinic patients. This allowed us to realign year-specific cutpoints as an unbiased method to remove drift from the data. Sensitivity and specificity to detect AD dementia were compared between corrected and uncorrected values.RESULTSAβ 1–42 values increased 22 pg/mL annually, and this could not be explained by changes in cohort composition. Our approach removed time dependencies [β (SE) = 0.07 (0.59); P = 0.91]. Statistically correcting for drift improved the sensitivity to detect AD dementia to 0.90 (95% CI, 0.89–0.92) from at least 0.66 (95% CI, 0.64–0.69) based on uncorrected data. Specificity became lower (0.69; 95% CI, 0.67–0.70) vs at most 0.80 (95% CI, 0.79–0.82) for uncorrected data.CONCLUSIONSThis approach may also be useful to standardize Aβ 1–42 CSF concentrations across different centers and/or platforms, and to optimize use of CSF biomarker data collected over a long period.
Unscrambling the narrative chronology of Hong Sangsoo’s Hill of Freedom
Authors: Deutelbaum Marshall 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Jayuui Eondeok (Hill of Freedom) (2014), Hong Sangsoo’s complex puzzle film with a purpose, presents a typically Hongian story in a scrambled order. In foregrounding the challenge of rearranging its fifteen jumbled scenes into their proper chronological order, the film invites viewers to reflect self-consciously on the general process of reading with a narrative schema in mind as they solve the puzzle: forming inferences and suppositions about the order of scenes and looking for clear-cut indications of causal and temporal connections between them. Further complicating the challenge of constructing hypotheses about the correct order of the scenes is the fact that one scene is missing. Where it fits into the story’s chronology, and whether its absence hampers establishing the proper order, adds to the viewer’s puzzlement. While viewers experience Hill of Freedom in an order that scrambles past, present and future, the correct chronology can be established by following the changing deictic centre, which enables viewers to make inferences about the correct order of the events that Mori describes.
Media literacy as a pathway to religious literacy in pluralistic democracies: Designing a critical media education pedagogy for primary school children in India
Authors: Vinod Bhatia Kiran , Pathak-Shelat Manisha 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In the Indian political milieu, religious literacy and media education operate within the field of simultaneities, as religion is routinely performed through representations on media platforms. In order to create alternate narratives promoting ideas of co-existence while resisting the influence of exclusionary religious socialization, young students would benefit from using media as a site of both appropriation and resistance. In this article, we argue that audiences are both active and passive, and the dialectics of (in)action makes it possible to understand how the role of media education can be conceptualized in the age of religious pluralism in the Indian democracy. We propose critical media literacy as an intervention to question the exclusionary religious–political socialization of school children by introducing them to a set of alternate narratives encompassing different lived realities.
‘A giant gutter in outer space’: Investigating pessimism as rhetorical action in True Detective
Authors: Zager Brian 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Perhaps too quickly dismissed as simply ‘downbeat’ conversational partners, pessimists often face the rhetorical burden of negotiating social contexts dismissive of such an outlook. As the discipline of communication studies aims to investigate different perspectives that are made manifest in the marketplace of ideas, it is noteworthy that heretofore little has been said about the pessimist-as-interlocutor. This article establishes a view of pessimism as rhetorical action by investigating the link between such a philosophical world-view and its embodiment as performative utterance. With this end in mind, it engages with the HBO series True Detective (2014) as an illustrative popular culture media example by which to consider some nuances of this interpersonal phenomenon.
Blood and race – The black male vampire as action hero in the Blade trilogy
Authors: Koh Noel , Gwynne Joel 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article examines the representation of the black male vampire as an action hero in the Blade trilogy. Specifically, this article builds on Yvonne Tasker’s scholarship on racial discourse in the action cinema, where her reading of Predator 2 (1990) leads her to contend that ‘blackness is repositioned in terms of the monstrous within the film’s symbolic hierarchy’. Extending this argument to a relatively less analysed but commercially successful text, we suggest that even when cinematically presented as an action hero in the Blade trilogy, male vampiric blackness is inevitably conceived as aberrant, gesturing towards the failure of cinematic containment strategies. These complex and contradictory articulations ‘queer’ Blade from within, producing a peculiar cinematic vampiric masculinity and masculine identity that renders Blade as both an action hero and a villain. To this end, this article considers the spectacle of the black male vampiric body in action and inaction, and how other characters in the trilogy (re)define Blade’s vampiric masculinity. Consequently, this article examines how and why other forms of (white) masculinities threaten the survival of the protagonist and concludes by making the claim that the Blade trilogy has opened up a cinematic space for understanding the complex narrative strategies involved in the negotiation and articulation of marginal identities within a cultural system of hegemonic practices.
The dress of thought: Form and style in contemporary art writing
Authors: Thompson Susannah 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘The dress of thought’ is a consideration of recent developments in the style and form of art writing, looking specifically at narrative and experimental modes of writing that operate as ‘criticism in the expanded field’. This article seeks to define, map and navigate paraliterary forms of art writing, countering frequent assertions that such writing is uncritical or apolitical. In arguing for style and form as essential critical vehicles through which judgement, reference and evaluation can be inferred, I contend that these approaches represent a subversive reappraisal of the role and function of critics and criticism.
Fractured consciousness
Authors: Seers Lindsay , Penwill M. Anthony 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
One cognitive function that seems to keep the mind very busy is the task of narration. Our brains are extremely skilled at finding plausible narratives in any given situation, no matter how seemingly disjointed or chaotic, creating cohesion from the fragments of consciousness and reason. The mind will wrap itself around a set of disparate events and find causal relationships where probably none exist. It will verify an already established world-view, interpreting events in such a way as to reaffirm prejudices and justifications. The stories we tell ourselves and others and how they are reinforced and gain power through technologies is a fascination that underpins my work as an artist. My works are saturated in both storytelling and narrative. This article considers the relationship between synthetic intelligence and narrative, looking at how my work as an artist has been influenced by the findings and propositions, particularly in relation to consciousness, of neuroscientists including Chris Frith, Paul Fletcher and Anil Seth.
What a thirst it was: Longing, excess and the genre-bending essay
Authors: Reeder Elizabeth 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Rachel Blau DuPlessis writes that the essay is restless, always a little too hungry, a little too thirsty (2006). Implicit in this statement is the fact that a good essay is full of desire and creates this response in readers too – building a thirst for more knowledge, for more emotion, for stimuli, satisfaction. Here the essay is unquenchable, undefinable and unsummarizable. This experimental essay talks about the practice and application of writing experimental essays and their capacity to be genre-bending, form-curious texts. Considering specific texts that explore artistic practice and/or, in their hybridity, bring image and text together in essential ways, the hybrid essay will emerge as a way of making, seeing, reading, interpreting and acquiring knowledge. By discussing intentional ambiguity, the unfamiliar familiar, knowledge in context, and the role of language and structure in the creation of presence, silence and absence in texts, this essay draws attention to the complications (and possibilities) of essays and their forms. The best essays create subtle, lively interactions between and within subjects, forms and languages that can howl and shape-shift in the final essay itself. These genre-bending essays can deepen and complicate the knowledge we make for ourselves – as we experience reverberations of meaning in the multiple readings each specific open text encourages. Included here is the writing and thinking of Anne Carson, Gertrude Stein, Rachel Blau DuPlessis, Lyn Hejinian and others.
Dear Susannah (April 2017)
Authors: Tatham Joanne 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
I propose that the conventions of academia may subject the various practices and practitioners of contemporary art to a set of behaviours that privileges certain modes of knowledge and the discovery and presentation of that knowledge over others. This text aims to perform this position through its form, as a means in and of itself to assert the agency of creative practice as a set of processes, and outcomes that are not in any way lacking in rigour, or needing to be brought into line, or licked into shape. The writing you read has been assembled slowly, in pieces, both knowingly and unknowingly, drawing on an array of writing approaches, channeling a spectrum of literary and creative forms, from within and across and around fiction, art writing and other modes of experimental writing. This text is not an academic article, although it was written as a willing acceptance of an invitation to be included in this journal; as with much contemporary art practice, it performs through and in relation to the place that it is encountered within and I expect this to be the case here. This is part one of a two-part article in the form of a letter.
Dislocated composition: Overview, transcript and selected articles with reference to The Necropolitan Line
Authors: Palmer Katrina 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The following work makes reference to The Necropolitan Line, an exhibition at the Henry Moore Institute, Leeds (December 2015–February 2016). The Exhibition Composition and Overview is drawn from the various forms of information that were originally provided for the gallery employees. This information is interspersed with physical descriptions of the exhibited items. Implicitly about unsettled bodies, the text makes no attempt to resolve the resultant combination of positions: it situates itself in the present tense while it locates the exhibition in the past; it refers to the artist in the third person and exploits multiple sources without asserting an overall voice. The first part of the work provides the context for the storytelling, which is the body of the work, here dislocated to the two appendices. These contain the transcript for a live reading and a reformulated selection of newspaper articles from the exhibition.