bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological regulation of atmospheric chemistry en route to planetary oxygenation
Authors: Izon Gareth , Zerkle Aubrey L. , Williford Kenneth H. , Farquhar James , Poulton Simon W. , Claire Mark W. 
Published: March 2017

SignificanceIt has been proposed that enhanced methane fluxes to Earth’s early atmosphere could have altered atmospheric chemistry, initiating a hydrocarbon-rich haze reminiscent of Saturn’s moon Titan. The occurrence, cause, and significance of haze development, however, remain unknown. Here, we test and refine the “haze hypothesis” by combining an ultra-high-resolution sulfur- and carbon-isotope dataset with photochemical simulations to reveal the structure and timing of haze development. These data suggest that haze persisted for ∼1 million years, requiring a sustained biological driver. We propose that enhanced atmospheric CH4, implied by the presence of haze, could have had a significant impact on the escape of hydrogen from the atmosphere, effectively contributing to the terminal oxidation of Earth’s surficial environments ∼2.4 billion years ago.
Cathepsin S is the major activator of the psoriasis-associated proinflammatory cytokine IL-36γ
Authors: Ainscough Joseph S. , Macleod Tom , McGonagle Dennis , Brakefield Rosella , Baron Jens M. , Alase Ade , Wittmann Miriam , Stacey Martin 
Published: March 2017

SignificanceIL-36γ is a potent cytokine that drives and orchestrates inflammation. It is strongly expressed at barrier tissues such as the skin and thus is particularly relevant to inflammatory diseases that affect these tissues, including psoriasis. IL-36γ is expressed as an inactive precursor that requires precise N-terminal truncation for activation. In these investigations, we demonstrate that cathepsin S is the major IL-36γ–activating protease expressed by barrier tissues. Moreover, we show that both cathepsin S and IL-36γ are strongly up-regulated in psoriatic inflammation. These findings are important as they both identify the mechanism of IL-36γ activation and highlight that this mechanism may play a central role in the development of psoriatic inflammation.
Eradicating catastrophic collapse in interdependent networks via reinforced nodes
Authors: Yuan Xin , Hu Yanqing , Stanley H. Eugene , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Percolation theory assumes that only the largest connected component is functional. However, in reality, some components that are not connected to the largest component can also function. Here, we generalize the percolation theory by assuming a fraction of reinforced nodes that can function and support their components, although they are disconnected from the largest connected component. We find that the reinforced nodes reduce significantly the cascading failures in interdependent networks system. Moreover, including a small critical fraction of reinforced nodes can avoid abrupt catastrophic failures in such systems.
Synthesis characterization and cytotoxicity studies of platinum(II) complexes with reduced amino pyridine schiff base and its derivatives as ligands
Authors: Li Li-Jun , Yan Qin-Qin , Liu Guo-Jun , Yuan Zhen , Lv Zhen-Hua , Fu Bin , Han Yan-Jun , Du Jian-Long 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A series of reduced amino pyridine Schiff base platinum(II) complexes were prepared as potential anticancer drugs, and characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and molar conductivity. UV and CD results showed the binding mode between these compounds and salmon sperm DNA may be intercalation. The cytotoxicity of these complexes was validated against A549, Hela, and MCF-7 cell lines by MTT assay. Some complexes exhibited better cytotoxic activity than cisplatin against Hela and MCF-7 cell lines.
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV is involved in the cellulose-responsive induction of cellulose biomass-degrading enzyme genes in Aspergillus aculeatus
Authors: Tani Shuji , Yuki Shota , Kunitake Emi , Sumitani Jun-ichi , Kawaguchi Takashi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We screened for factors involved in the cellulose-responsive induction of cellulose biomass-degrading enzyme genes from approximately 12,000 Aspergillus aculeatus T-DNA insertion mutants harboring a transcriptional fusion between the FIII-avicelase gene (cbhI) promoter and the orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase gene. Analysis of 5-fluoroorodic acid (5-FOA) sensitivity, cellulose utilization, and cbhI expression of the mutants revealed that a mutant harboring T-DNA at the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (dppIV) locus had acquired 5-FOA resistance and was deficient in cellulose utilization and cbhI expression. The deletion of dppIV resulted in a significant reduction in the cellulose-responsive expression of both cbhI as well as genes controlled by XlnR-independent and XlnR-dependent signaling pathways at an early phase in A. aculeatus. In contrast, the dppIV deletion did not affect the xylose-responsive expression of genes under the control of XlnR. These results demonstrate that DppIV participates in cellulose-responsive induction in A. aculeatus.
Effect of Home Blood Pressure on Inducing Remission/Regression of Microalbuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nishimura Motonobu , Kato Yasuhisa , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Taki Hideki , Tone Atsuhito , Yamada Kazunori , Suzuki Seiji , Saito Miho , Ando Yutaka , Hoshiyama Yoshiharu 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The Home Blood Pressure for Diabetic Nephropathy study is a prospective observational study conducted to determine the effect of home blood pressure (HBP) on remission/regression of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

METHODS
Patients with type 2 DM having microalbuminuria were followed-up for 3 years. Remission of microalbuminuria was defined as shift from microalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria. Regression of microalbuminuria was defined as a 50% reduction in urinary albumin–creatinine ratio from baseline. All measurements of morning and evening HBP were averaged every year and defined as all HBP.

RESULTS
In total, 235 patients were followed up. The 3-year cumulative incidences of remission and regression were 32.3% and 44.7%, respectively. Following analysis of all cases, the degree of decline in all home systolic blood pressure (AHSBP), rather than mean AHSBP, influenced the incidence of remission/regression. There was a strong relationship between the decline in AHSBP during the follow-up period and AHSBP at baseline. Therefore, separate analyses of the patients with AHSBP below 140 mm Hg at baseline were performed, which revealed that mean AHSBP during the follow-up period independently affected the incidence of remission/regression. The hazard ratio for inducing remission/regression was significantly lower in patients with AHSBP during the follow-up period above 130 mm Hg than in those with AHSBP below 120 mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONS
Optimal AHSBP for the induction of remission/regression of microalbuminuria might be below 130 mm Hg. It is required to confirm whether keeping AHSBP below 130 mm Hg leads to subsequent renoprotection or not.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
Trial Number UMIN000000804.
SynMap2 and SynMap3D: web-based whole-genome synteny browsers
Authors: Haug-Baltzell Asher , Stephens Sean A , Davey Sean , Scheidegger Carlos E , Lyons Eric 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Summary
Current synteny visualization tools either focus on small regions of sequence and do not illustrate genome-wide trends, or are complicated to use and create visualizations that are difficult to interpret. To address this challenge, The Comparative Genomics Platform (CoGe) has developed two web-based tools to visualize synteny across whole genomes. SynMap2 and SynMap3D allow researchers to explore whole genome synteny patterns (across two or three genomes, respectively) in responsive, web-based visualization and virtual reality environments. Both tools have access to the extensive CoGe genome database (containing over 30 000 genomes) as well as the option for users to upload their own data. By leveraging modern web technologies there is no installation required, making the tools widely accessible and easy to use.

Availability and Implementation
Both tools are open source (MIT license) and freely available for use online through CoGe (https://genomevolution.org). SynMap2 and SynMap3D can be accessed at http://genomevolution.org/coge/SynMap.pl and http://genomevolution.org/coge/SynMap3D.pl, respectively. Source code is available: https://github.com/LyonsLab/coge.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Preservation of Cognition 1 Year After Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients With Prior Cognitive Decline
Authors: Dempsey Robert J , Jackson Daren C , Wilbrand Stephanie M , Mitchell Carol C , Berman Sara E , Johnson Sterling C , Meshram Nirvedh H , Varghese Tomy , Hermann Bruce P 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Vascular cognitive decline is critically important in the course of atherosclerosis and stroke.

OBJECTIVE
To explore the hypothesis that carotid endarterectomy (CEA) by removing an unstable plaque may slow the course of vascular cognitive decline in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

METHODS
Patients with clinically significant (>60%) carotid stenosis were studied preop and 1 yr post-CEA for clinical symptoms, vascular cognitive decline, instability of carotid plaque—presence of microemboli, brain white matter changes, and medical risk factors.

RESULTS
Forty-six percent were classically symptomatic. All patients showed vascular cognitive decline at presentation which correlated with degree of plaque instability. Significant white matter hyperintensity changes (48.7%) and cerebral emboli (25%) were also seen at baseline in both classically symptomatic and asymptomatic. One year after CEA, both groups showed no decline in cognitive function and significant improvement in 2 tests (P = .028 and P = .013). Brain white matter hyperintensities were unchanged. Microemboli were reduced but remained present (17.86%). Improvement was predicted by the presence of hypertension (P = .001), or less advanced cognitive decline preoperatively (P = .009).

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates the importance of vascular cognitive decline in atherosclerotic disease. This is a function of the degree of instability of the atherosclerotic plaque more than the presence of stroke symptoms. It further suggests that atherosclerotic vascular cognitive decline need not be inevitable, and may be modified by treating hypertension and removal of the unstable plaque. This highlights the need for continued research on the cognitive effects of cerebrovascular disease and the synergistic benefits of intensive medical and surgical therapy.
The Role of Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Without “Discernible” Leishman–Donovan Bodies
Authors: Dias-Polak David , Geffen Yuval , Ben-Izhak Ofer , Bergman Reuven 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Histopathology plays an important role in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) but Leishman–Donovan (LD) bodies may not always be discernible. Recently, anti–CD1a antibody (Ab), clone MTB1, was found to decorate LD bodies immunohistochemically.

Objective:
Can histopathology without discernible LD bodies be used to diagnose CL, and can immunohistochemistry using anti–CD1a Ab, clone MTB1, detect LD bodies in these cases.

Methods:
Suspected CL lesions were studied histopathologically and immunohistochemically, and the patients' clinical files were reviewed.

Results:
Of the 196 patients with suspected CL, direct smear demonstrated LD bodies in 50 (25.5%). Of the remaining 146 patients, 118 underwent biopsy. In 56 (47.5%) patients, the hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections revealed LD bodies. In 47 (39.8%) patients, LD bodies were not discerned but the histopathology demonstrated histiocytic infiltrates with varying numbers of plasma cells along with other inflammatory cells, and negative Ziehl–Neelsen and periodic acid–Schiff stains. This pattern was termed “histopathology consistent with leishmaniasis.” The history, clinical findings, and response to anti–leishmania therapy supported the diagnosis of CL in all of them, and immunostains for CD1a, clone MTB1, detected LD bodies in 11 (23.4%) of these 47 patients.

Conclusions:
“Histopathology consistent with CL” along with appropriate clinical findings supports the diagnosis of CL in an endemic area, and immunostains with CD1a Ab, clone MTB1, may help in the minority of the cases.
LARGE SILICONE DROPLETS AFTER INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB (AVASTIN)
Authors: Avery Robert L. , Castellarin Alessandro A. , Dhoot Dilsher S. , Pieramici Dante J. , Nasir Ma'an A. , Steinle Nathan C. , Avery Logan P. , Gordon Gabriel M. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
Despite its off-label status, intravitreal bevacizumab is the most commonly used intraocular anti–vascular endothelial growth factor agent. Regulation of compounding pharmacies has recently increased to make compounded pharmaceuticals safer. Despite these changes, a marked increase in symptomatic, large silicone oil droplets following intravitreal bevacizumab injections was noticed.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review was performed. Within a single private practice, patients who were noted to have large or symptomatic silicone oil bubbles after an intravitreal injection were reviewed.

Results:
A recent, dramatic increase in the incidence of large or symptomatic silicone oil droplets was noted, with 23 cases noted in the past 5 months, compared with 1 in the previous decade. Patients frequently noted a circular floater consisting of a dark ring surrounding a bright central area immediately following an injection of intravitreal bevacizumab. All bevacizumab injections were from single-piece insulin syringes. B-scan ultrasonography produced a very characteristic reverberation pattern. No inflammation or visual acuity loss was noted because of the droplets; however, some patients were annoyed enough to consider vitrectomy.

Conclusion:
Patients should be carefully evaluated for this possibility, and the characteristic symptom of a round floater consisting of a dark ring surrounding a bright center, and the prominent reverberation pattern on B-scan ultrasonography may help increase detection. Changes in consent forms and discussion of this possibility are indicated while investigation into the cause of this increased incidence continues, especially if one is administering bevacizumab via the one-piece insulin syringes commonly used by compound pharmacies.
Coronary Artery Disease Complexity on the Outcomes of a Staged Approach of Pci Followed by Minimally Invasive Valve Surgery
Authors: Pineda Andrés M. , Gowani Saqib A. , Mihos Christos G. , Chandra Ramesh , Santana Orlando , Lamelas Joseph , Beohar Nirat 
Published: March 2017

Objective A staged approach of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) followed by minimally invasive valve surgery (MIVS) is an alternative to the combined coronary artery bypass graft and valve surgery for patients with concomitant coronary artery (CAD) and valvular heart disease. We sought to evaluate the impact of the complexity of CAD, as assessed by the Syntax score, on the outcomes of the staged approach. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 138 patients who underwent PCI and MIVS at our institution between January 2009 and June 2013. The baseline Syntax score was calculated, and the patients were divided into two groups: low risk (Syntax scores, 0–22) or intermediate-high risk (>22). Results There were 125 patients with low (mean ± standard deviation, 8 ± 5) and 13 with intermediate-high (mean ± standard deviation, 26 ± 4) Syntax scores. Baseline, PCI, and operative characteristics were similar between the groups, except for an observed higher incidence of peripheral arterial disease, multivessel coronary disease, mitral valve replacement, and a higher predicted The Society of Thoracic Surgeons mortality risk score in the intermediate-high Syntax group. The short-term postoperative complications, 30-day mortality, and 3-year survival (84% vs 77%) were similar between the groups. Patients in the intermediate-high-risk group had a higher incidence of repeat target vessel revascularization during follow-up (0.8% vs 16.7%). Conclusions A staged approach of PCI followed by MIVS is a safe and feasible alternative for patients with valvular heart disease and concomitant CAD. However, it may confer an increased incidence of repeat target vessel revascularization in patients with intermediate- to high-complexity CAD.
Endoscopic Fundoplication
Authors: Ebright Michael I. , Sridhar Praveen , Litle Virginia R. , Narsule Chaitan K. , Daly Benedict D. , Fernando Hiran C. 
Published: March 2017

Objective Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) is a completely endoscopic approach to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We previously reported our initial results demonstrating safety and early effectiveness. We now present an updated experience describing outcomes with longer follow-up. Methods For a three-year period, TIF procedures were performed on 80 patients. Preoperative workup routinely consisted of contrast esophagram and manometry. PH testing was reserved for patients with either atypical symptoms or typical symptoms unresponsive to protonpump inhibitors (PPIs). Heartburn severity was longitudinally assessed using the GERD health-related quality of life index. Safety analysis was performed on all 80 patients, and an effectiveness analysis was performed on patients with at least 6-month follow-up. Results Mean procedure time was 75 minutes. There were seven (8.75%) grade 2 complications and one (1.25%) grade 3 complication (aspiration pneumonia). The median length of stay was 1 day (mean, 1.4). Forty-one patients had a minimum of 6-month of follow-up (mean, 24 months; range, 6–68 months). The mean satisfaction scores at follow-up improved significantly from baseline ( P < 0.001). Sixty-three percent of patients had completely stopped or reduced their PPI dose. Results were not impacted by impaired motility; however, the presence of a small hiatal hernia or a Hill grade 2/4 valve was associated with reduced GERD health-related quality of life scores postoperatively. Conclusions At a mean follow-up of 24 months, TIF is effective. Although symptoms and satisfaction improved significantly, many patients continued to take PPIs. Future studies should focus on longer-term durability and comparisons with laparoscopic techniques.
Use of Imaging in Children With Witnessed Physical Abuse
Authors: Melville John D. , Hertz Stephanie K. , Steiner R. Daryl , Lindberg Daniel M. 
Published: March 2017

Objective
Physicians are occasionally asked to evaluate children who are reported to have been victims of witnessed abuse, but who have no injuries noted on examination. The rate of injury in these patients is presently unknown. This is important because abuse allegations are brought for both altruistic and other reasons. This study compares the use of skeletal survey and neuroimaging in well-appearing and clearly injured children reported to be victims of witnessed child abuse.

Methods
Retrospectively planned secondary analysis of the Examination of Siblings to Recognize Abuse cohort of children referred to a child abuse pediatrician with concerns for physical abuse. Children were selected who presented to a medical provider with a history of witnessed child abuse including shaking. Rates of radiographically evident injuries are noted among children with and without injuries noted on physical examination.

Results
Among 2890 children evaluated by a child abuse pediatrician, 90 children (3.1%) presented with a history of witnessed abuse. Among these, 51 children (57%) had injuries noted on physical examination; 9 (29%) of 31 skeletal surveys and 9 (35%) of 26 neuroimaging studies revealed injuries. Of 39 children (43%) with witnessed abuse and normal examination, 3 (10%) of 30 skeletal surveys and 2 (8%) of 25 neuroimaging studies revealed an injury.

Conclusions
A significant minority of children evaluated for allegations of witnessed abuse will have occult injuries identified radiographically. Absence of injury on examination should not deter physicians from obtaining otherwise indicated skeletal surveys and neuroimaging in children reported to have experienced witnessed abuse.
Social Disequilibrium and the Risk of HIV Acquisition: A Multilevel Study in Rural KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Authors: Tomita Andrew , Vandormael Alain M. , Bärnighausen Till , de Oliveira Tulio , Tanser Frank 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Few population-based multilevel studies have quantified the risks that social context poses in rural communities with high HIV incidence across South Africa. We investigated the individual, social, and community challenges to HIV acquisition risk in areas with high and low incidence of HIV infection (hotspots/coldspots).

Methods:
The cohort (N = 17,376) included all HIV-negative adults enrolled in a population-based HIV surveillance study from 2004 to 2015 in a rural South African community with large labor migrancy. Multilevel survival models were fitted to examine the social determinants (ie, neighborhood migration intensity), community traits (ie, HIV prevalence), and individual determinants of HIV acquisition risk in identified hotspots/coldspots.

Results:
The HIV acquisition risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01 to 1.09) was greater in hotspots with higher neighborhood migration intensity among men. In women, higher neighborhood migration intensity (aHR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.02) was associated with a greater HIV acquisition risk, irrespective of whether they lived in hotspot/coldspot communities. HIV acquisition risk was greater in communities with a higher prevalence of HIV in both men (aHR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.12) and women (aHR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.05), irrespective of hotspot/coldspot locations.

Conclusion:
HIV acquisition risk was strongly influenced by gender (ie, young women), behavior (ie, sexual debut, contraception, circumcision), and social determinants. Certain challenges (ie, community disease prevalence) for HIV acquisition risk impacted both sexes, regardless of residence in hotspot/coldspot communities, whereas social determinants (ie, neighborhood migration intensity) were pronounced in hotspots among men. Future intervention scale-up requires addressing the social context that contributes to HIV acquisition risk in rural areas with high migration.