bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic light-emitting diodes: theoretical understanding of highly efficient materials and development of computational methodology
Authors: Shuai Zhigang , Peng Qian 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Theoretical understanding of organic light-emitting diodes started from the quest to the nature of the primary excitation in organic molecular and polymeric materials. We found the electron correlation strength, bond-length alternation as well as the conjugation extent have strong influences on the orderings of the lowest lying excited states through the first application of density matrix renormalization group theory to quantum chemistry. The electro-injected free carriers (with spin 1/2) can form both singlet and triplet bound states. We found that the singlet exciton formation ratio can exceed the conventional 25% spin statistics limit. We proposed a vibration correlation function formalism to evaluate the excited-state decay rates, which is shown to not only give reasonable estimations for the quantum efficiency but also a quantitative account for the aggregation-induced emission (AIE). It is suggested to unravel the AIE mechanism through resonance Raman spectroscopy.
A Novel Shiga Toxin 1a-Converting Bacteriophage of Shigella sonnei With Close Relationship to Shiga Toxin 2-Converting Pages of Escherichia coli
Authors: Carter Christoph C. , Fierer Joshua , Chiu Wei Wei , Looney David J. , Strain Matthew , Mehta Sanjay R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In recent studies, strains of non-dysenteriae 1 Shigella (NDS) expressing Shiga toxin have been reported. In this study, we report a novel stx1a-converting bacteriophage of Shigella sonnei associated with travel to Mexico. Phylogenetic comparison between this and other stx-converting phages suggests that toxigenic NDS strains have arisen through separate horizontal transfer events from toxigenic Escherichia coli.
Galactic center mini-spiral by ALMA: Possible origin of the central cluster
Authors: Tsuboi Masato , Kitamura Yoshimi , Miyoshi Makoto , Uehara Kenta , Tsutsumi Takahiro , Miyazaki Atsushi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We present continuum images of the “Galactic center mini-spiral” in the 100, 250, and 340 GHz bands with analysis of the Cy.0 data acquired from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) archive. Good u-v coverage of the data and the “self-calibration” method give us the opportunity to obtain dynamic ranges of over 2 × 104 in the resultant maps of the 250 and 340 GHz bands. In particular, the image of the 340 GHz band has high dynamic ranges unprecedented in sub-millimeter waves. The angular resolutions attained are 1${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$57 × 1${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$33 in the 100 GHz band, 0${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$63 × 0${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$53 in the 250 GHz band, and 0${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$44 × 0${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$38 in the 340 GHz band, respectively. The continuum images clearly depict the “mini-spiral,” which is an ionized gas stream in the vicinity of Sgr A*. We found a tight correlation between the dust emission peaks and the OB/WR stars in the northern arm of the “mini-spiral.” The core mass function of the dust cores identified by the clumpfind algorithm would obey the flat power-law dN/dM ∝ M−1.5±0.4 on the high-mass side. These support the scenario that the star-forming cloud has fallen into the immediate vicinity of Sgr A* for the origin of the central cluster.
Eruptive Disseminated Porokeratosis in a Patient With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yalcin Basak , Uysal Pinar I. , Kadan Elcin , Bozdoğan Önder 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:
Porokeratosis includes a group of heterogenous disorders that represents distinct clinical subtypes of the same genetic pattern. Although entire pathogenesis of porokeratosis still remains unknown, certain factors including ultraviolet radiation and immunosuppression are suggested to be some of the factors inducing this disorder. Eruptive disseminated porokeratosis is a recently described form of porokeratosis, which frequently occurs in the presence of immunosuppresion or malignancy. The authors report here a unique case with sudden onset eruptive disseminated porokeratosis associated with diabetes mellitus.
Spitz Nevus Intermingling With a Hemangioma
Authors: Fernandez-Flores Angel , Saeb-Lima Marcela 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:
We report on a Spitz nevus intermingling with a hemangioma in the same biopsy from the right thigh of a 10-year-old boy. The hemangioma was made of dilated vessels in superficial areas but of narrow and angulated vessels in the deep and lateral zones. The Spitz nevus was typical, showing maturation, and no worrisome cytological features. The immunohistochemical study demonstrated expression by the vascular component of CD31, CD34, factor VIII-related antigen, and Wilms tumor 1, whereas the vessels did not express D2-40 human herpes virus 8 or glucose transporter-1. The melanocytic component expressed HMB-45 (weakly and mainly in the superficial zones), Melan-A and S-100 protein. A perivascular continuous layer of pericytes expressing smooth muscle actin was also evident.
“Secretory” Carcinoma of the Skin Mimicking Secretory Carcinoma of the Breast: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Huang Sixia , Liu Yan , Su Jing , Liu Jianying , Guo Xiaoning , Mei Fang , Zheng Jie , Liao Songlin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:
Secretory carcinoma is a unique kind of adenocarcinoma. It has distinct histological features and a special genetic change, that is, t (12; 15) (p13; q25) translocation which leads to the expression of the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene. Secretory carcinoma has been found to occur both in the breast and salivary gland. Here the authors present a case of 22-year-old woman with a unique cutaneous neoplasm located at the axilla. The tumor was characterized histologically with the formation of round to ovoid microcysts and papillary structure, which was similar to the secretory carcinoma of the breast and salivary gland. Furthermore, the gene sequence analysis of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction products demonstrated the expression of the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of secretory carcinoma from the skin which has the same genetic change as those from the breast and salivary gland. Local excision was performed on this patient. She had been followed up for nearly 1 year. No recurrence or metastasis was found yet.
Tick Bite Alopecia: A Report and Review
Authors: Lynch Michael C. , Milchak Marissa A. , Parnes Herbert , Ioffreda Michael D. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:
Tick bites can cause a number of local inflammatory reactions, which are often difficult to differentiate from those induced by other arthropod bites or stings. These include erythematous nodular or pustular lesions, erosive plaques, annular lesions of erythema chronicum migrans, and both scarring and nonscarring inflammatory alopecia. We report a case of nonscarring alopecia in a 21-year-old male who reported a recent history of tick bite to the scalp. The biopsy demonstrated a dense pseudolymphomatous inflammatory infiltrate with numerous eosinophils associated with hair follicle miniaturization and an elevated catagen–telogen count. Signs of external rubbing, including lichen simplex chronicus and the “hamburger sign”, were also visualized and are indicative of the associated pruritus. To the authors' knowledge, this is the fifth report of nonscarring tick bite alopecia in the literature and the first in an adult patient. This text will review the classic clinical presentation, histologic findings, and proposed mechanism of tick bite alopecia.
Cutaneous Metastasis of a Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Pancreas: First Reported Case
Authors: Pandey Prasamsa , Al-Rohil Rami N. , Goldstein Jennifer B. , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Barnes Tamara G. , Baldwin Sarah E. , Fogelman David , Abraham Susan C. , Piha-Paul Sarina A. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Mucoepidermoid pancreatic cancer is a rare entity with only 8 cases reported in the literature. On review of the literature, the authors found that cutaneous metastases in pancreatic cancer are rare and have not been associated with the mucoepidermoid subtype. The authors present the first reported case of cutaneous metastasis in a patient with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the pancreas.

Case Presentation:
A 50-year old white male with a metastatic invasive poorly differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the pancreas was found to have a slow growing lesion in the skin over his left upper quadrant while undergoing active therapy. The lesion was biopsied and the pathology was consistent with pancreatic origin sharing similar morphologic features when compared with the primary pancreactectomy specimen.

Conclusions:
Mucoepidermoid pancreatic cancer is an exceedingly rare subtype of pancreatic cancer, with very little information regarding its diagnosis, treatment, and patterns of metastases. Here, the authors present the first reported case of cutaneous metastases of mucoepidermoid pancreatic cancer.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 and subsite-specific colorectal cancer risk in men and women: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer
Authors: de Kort Sander , Simons C.C.J.M. , van den Brandt Piet A. , Goldbohm R. Alexandra (Sandra) , Arts Ilja C.W. , de Bruine Adriaan P. , Janssen-Heijnen Maryska L.G. , Sanduleanu Silvia , Masclee Ad A.M. , Weijenberg Matty P. 
Published: April 2016

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, studies differentiating between subsites of CRC are limited. We investigated how diabetes mellitus (DM) was associated with subsite-specific CRC risk in men and women.

Methods
The Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer is a prospective study among 120 852 men and women aged 55–69 years old at baseline in 1986. Information on DM, anthropometric, dietary and lifestyle factors was self-reported at baseline. T2DM was defined as the diagnosis of DM after 30 years of age. Incident CRC cases were identified by record linkage with the Netherlands cancer registry and the Dutch pathology registry. After 17.3 years of follow-up, 1735 incident male CRC cases and 1321 female CRC cases were available for analyses. Subsite-specific hazard ratios (HRs) for CRC were estimated in case–cohort analyses using Cox regression.

Results
At baseline, 3.1% of subcohort members reported T2DM, of whom 80% were diagnosed after 50 years of age. Multivariable-adjusted models showed that the risk of proximal colon cancer was significantly increased in women with T2DM versus women without T2DM (HR=1.80, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–2.94). There was no association between T2DM and the risk of overall CRC, distal colon cancer and rectal cancer in women. In men, T2DM was not associated with overall CRC (HR=0.98, 95% confidence interval: 0.64–1.50), or with risk at any subsite.

Conclusions
This prospective study showed an increased risk of proximal colon cancer in women with T2DM compared with non-T2DM women.
Effect of different therapeutic modalities on systemic, renal, and hepatic hemodynamics and short-term outcomes in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Salman Tary A. , Edrees Ahmed M. , El-Said Hala H. , El-Abd Osama L. , El-Azab Gasser I. 
Published: April 2016

Background
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a major risk factor for hepatorenal syndrome. Albumin infusion has been shown to prevent renal impairment and reduce mortality in SBP. The study aimed to compare the effect of different therapeutic modalities on hemodynamics and short clinical outcomes in high-risk patients with SBP.

Methods
Two hundred cirrhotic patients with SBP and bilirubin greater than 4 mg⁄dl or creatinine more than 1 mg⁄dl were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive albumin, terlipressin, low-dose albumin plus terlipressin, or midodrine. Systemic, renal, and hepatic hemodynamics were estimated at baseline, 3, and 10 days of treatment. Renal impairment was diagnosed when the blood urea nitrogen or serum creatinine levels increased by more than 50% of the pretreatment value.

Results
SBP resolved in most of patients in all groups (P>0.05). Cardiac output and portal flow decreased, whereas systemic vascular resistance increased significantly in terlipressin and albumin plus terlipressin groups compared with the albumin group after 3 and 10 days. After 10 days, plasma renin activity, renal, and hepatic arteries resistive index were significantly higher in the midodrine group compared with the albumin group. The midodrine group did not show any significant changes in the heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and portal blood flow compared with the albumin group after 3 or 10 days. There was no significant difference in renal impairment or mortality between any of the groups.

Conclusion
Terlipressin and low-dose albumin plus terlipressin could be used as a therapeutic alternative to standard-dose albumin in high-risk SBP patients.
Outcomes of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Preexisting Malignancies in Remission: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Acuna Sergio A. , Huang Johnny W. , Daly Corinne , Shah Prakesh S. , Kim S. Joseph , Baxter Nancy N. 
Published: April 2016

Background
Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) with a pretransplant malignancy (PTM) are at increased risk for cancer recurrence. However, it is unclear whether differences in survival and incidence of posttransplant de novo malignancies exist between recipients with PTM and those without PTM. We designed a systematic review to synthesize all available evidence assessing these outcomes.

Methods
A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library to identify studies comparing the following outcomes in SOTR by PTM status: (1) all-cause mortality, (2) cancer-specific mortality, and (3) incidence of posttransplant de novo malignancy. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results
Thirty-two cohort studies were included. Recipients with PTM were at increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to recipients without PTM (pooled hazard ratio [HR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-1.81). Similarly, recipients with PTM were 3 times more likely to die of cancer (pooled HR, 3.13; 95% CI, 2.29-4.27). The pooled HR for developing posttransplant de novo malignancy was also increased (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.52-2.42). The association of all-cause mortality and SOTR with PTM did not vary by transplanted organ.

Conclusions
Pretransplant malignancy is associated with increased risk of all cause-mortality, cancer-specific mortality and of developing de novo malignancies after transplantation compared with those without PTM. These results reaffirm the need for careful selection of transplant recipients with PTM. Tailored screening and management strategies should be developed for this group of patients.
Using Y chromosomal haplogroups in genetic association studies and suggested implications
Authors: Erzurumluoglu A. Mesut , Baird Denis , Richardson Tom G. , Timpson Nicholas J. , Rodriguez Santiago 
Published: April 2016

AbstractY chromosomal (Y-DNA) haplogroups are more widely used in population genetics than in genetic epidemiology, although associations between Y-DNA haplogroups and several traits (including cardio-metabolic traits) have been reported. In apparently homogeneous populations, there is still Y-DNA haplogroup variation which will result from population history. Therefore, hidden stratification and/or differential phenotypic effects by Y-DNA haplogroups could exist. To test this, we hypothesised that stratifying individuals according to their Y-DNA haplogroups before testing associations between autosomal SNPs and phenotypes will yield difference in association. For proof of concept, we derived Y-DNA haplogroups from 6,537 males from two epidemiological cohorts, ALSPAC (N=5,080, 816 Y-DNA SNPs) and 1958 Birth Cohort (N=1,457, 1,849 Y-DNA SNPs). For illustration, we studied well-known associations between 32 SNPs and body mass index (BMI), including associations involvingFTOSNPs. Overall, no association was replicated in both cohorts when Y-DNA haplogroups were considered and this suggests that, for BMI at least, there is little evidence of differences in phenotype or gene association by Y-DNA structure. Further studies using other traits, Phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS), haplogroups and/or autosomal SNPs are required to test the generalisability of this approach.
Cosmid based mutagenesis causes genetic instability inStreptomyces coelicolor, as shown by targeting of the lipoprotein signal peptidase gene
Authors: Munnoch John T , Widdick David A. , Chandra Govind , Sutcliffe Iain C. , Palmer Tracy , Hutchings Matthew I 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBacterial lipoproteins are a class of extracellular proteins tethered to cell membranes by covalently attached lipids. Deleting the lipoprotein signal peptidase (lsp) gene inStreptomyces coelicolorresults in growth and developmental defects that cannot be restored by reintroducing thelsp. We report resequencing of the genomes of the wild-type M145 and thecis-complemented Δlspmutant (BJT1004), mapping and identifying secondary mutations, including an insertion into a novel putative small RNA,scr6809. Disruption ofscr6809led to a range of developmental phenotypes. However, these secondary mutations do not increase the efficiency of disruptinglspsuggesting they are notlspspecific suppressors. Instead we suggest that these were induced by introducing the cosmid St4A10Δlspas part of the Redirect mutagenesis protocol, which transiently duplicates a number of important cell division genes. Disruption oflspusing no gene duplication resulted in the previously observed phenotype. We conclude thatlspis not essential inS. coelicolorbut loss oflspdoes lead to developmental defects due to the loss of lipoproteins from the cell. Significantly, our results indicate the use of cosmid libraries for the genetic manipulation of bacteria can lead to unexpected phenotypes not necessarily linked to the gene or pathway of interest.
Periodic actin structures in neuronal axons are required to maintain microtubules
Authors: Qu Yue , Hahn Ines , Webb Stephen , Pearce Simon P. , Prokop Andreas 
Published: April 2016

SummaryAxons are the cable-like neuronal processes wiring the nervous system. They contain parallel bundles of microtubules as structural backbones, surrounded by regularly-spaced actin rings termed the periodic membrane skeleton (PMS). Despite being an evolutionarily-conserved, ubiquitous, highly-ordered feature of axons, the function of PMS is unknown. Here we studied PMS abundance, organisation and function, combining versatileDrosophilagenetics with super-resolution microscopy and various functional readouts. Analyses with 11 different actin regulators and 3 actin-targeting drugs suggest PMS to contain short actin filaments which are depolymerisation resistant and sensitive to spectrin, adducin and nucleator deficiency - consistent with microscopy-derived models proposing PMS as specialised cortical actin. Upon actin removal we observed gaps in microtubule bundles, reduced microtubule polymerisation and reduced axon numbers suggesting a role of PMS in microtubule organisation. These effects become strongly enhanced when carried out in neurons lacking the microtubule-stabilising protein Short stop (Shot). Combining the aforementioned actin manipulations with Shot deficiency revealed a close correlation between PMS abundance and microtubule regulation, consistent with a model in which PMS-dependent microtubule polymerisation contributes to their maintenance in axons. We discuss potential implications of this novel PMS function along axon shafts for axon maintenance and regeneration.Significance statementAxons are cable-like neuronal processes that are up to a meter long in humans. These delicate structures often need to be maintained for an organism’s lifetime, i.e. up to a century in humans. Unsurprisingly, we gradually lose about 50% of axons as we age. Bundles of microtubules form the structural backbones and highways for life-sustaining transport within axons, and maintenance of these bundles is essential for axonal longevity. However, the mechanisms which actively maintain axonal microtubules are poorly understood. Here we identify cortical actin as an important factor maintaining microtubule polymerisation in axons. This finding provides potential explanations for the previously identified, but unexplained, links between mutations in genes encoding cortical actin regulators and neurodegeneration.
Segmentation of infrequent performing arts consumers
Authors: Kolhede Eric John , Gomez-Arias J. Tomas 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine market segments within the broader category of occasional patrons of the performing arts. While similarities between these segments exist, important distinctions are also apparent.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors surveyed 347 performing arts patrons using a structured questionnaire. Their responses along 28 proposed motivational variables were subjected to factor analysis to reduce their dimensionality and collinearity. Cluster analysis was then applied to respondents’ factor scores to group subjects into homogenous segments for subsequent comparison along variables, including demographic and marketing mix elements.

Findings
– The authors find six key motivating factors influencing the attendance of performing arts events: personal; promotional; product; distribution; economic; and social motivators. The authors also find that infrequent consumers can be further subsegmented into disinclined and fringe consumers with different levels of performance attendance and dissimilarities in responding to motivators.

Research limitations/implications
– The survey was conducted in a single county within the San Francisco Bay Area, limiting the generalizability of results.

Practical implications
– Fringe consumers are more responsive to the personal benefits (e.g. cultural enrichment) derived from the core product offerings of a performance such as programming and quality of the performers. The disinclined segment is more influenced by economic, social, and distribution related elements associated with a performing arts event such as pricing, the accessibility (or convenience) of the venue, and the opportunity to socialize accompanying attendance.

Social implications
– The practice of relationship marketing by small local performing arts organizations (PAOs) has been emphasized and often advocated by researches in the most recent literature. In order to ensure the viability of PAOs beyond the short-term, further examination of audience development is imperative. This paper indeed places more attention on audience development with a particular focus on expanding audiences among subsegments of infrequent performing arts consumers.

Originality/value
– The central purpose of this research is to arrive at comprehensive profiles of subsegments within a group of infrequent arts patrons, along with viable differentiated marketing program and positioning approaches that would appeal to each of these consumer categories. Consequently, the authors address a significant gap in the performing arts marketing literature as few recent studies appear to have been structured to allow for the possibility of producing adequate subsegmentation information within a group of occasional performing arts patrons. Secondarily, this study also answers a call for future research to examine the internet as a channel of promotion for arts consumers.