bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative RNA‐Seq transcriptome analyses reveal distinct metabolic pathways in diabetic nerve and kidney disease
Authors: Hinder Lucy M. , Park Meeyoung , Rumora Amy E. , Hur Junguk , Eichinger Felix , Pennathur Subramaniam , Kretzler Matthias , Brosius Frank C. , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTreating insulin resistance with pioglitazone normalizes renal function and improves small nerve fibre function and architecture; however, it does not affect large myelinated nerve fibre function in mouse models of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), indicating that pioglitazone affects the body in a tissue‐specific manner. To identify distinct molecular pathways regulating diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and nephropathy (DN), as well those affected by pioglitazone, we assessed DPN and DN gene transcript expression in control and diabetic mice with or without pioglitazone treatment. Differential expression analysis and self‐organizing maps were then used in parallel to analyse transcriptome data. Differential expression analysis showed that gene expression promoting cell death and the inflammatory response was reversed in the kidney glomeruli but unchanged or exacerbated in sciatic nerve by pioglitazone. Self‐organizing map analysis revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction was normalized in kidney and nerve by treatment; however, conserved pathways were opposite in their directionality of regulation. Collectively, our data suggest inflammation may drive large fibre dysfunction, while mitochondrial dysfunction may drive small fibre dysfunction in T2DM. Moreover, targeting both of these pathways is likely to improve DN. This study supports growing evidence that systemic metabolic changes in T2DM are associated with distinct tissue‐specific metabolic reprogramming in kidney and nerve and that these changes play a critical role in DN and small fibre DPN pathogenesis. These data also highlight the potential dangers of a ‘one size fits all’ approach to T2DM therapeutics, as the same drug may simultaneously alleviate one complication while exacerbating another.
Acute kidney injury predicts mortality in cirrhotic patients with gastric variceal bleeding
Authors: Hsieh Yun‐Cheng , Lee Kuei‐Chuan , Chen Ping‐Hsien , Su Chien‐Wei , Hou Ming‐Chih , Lin Han‐Chieh 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThe International Club of Ascites (ICA) recently proposed a new definition of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhotic patients. The study evaluated the ICA‐AKI criteria and their association with the prognosis of cirrhotic patients with gastric variceal bleeding (GVB).MethodsA retrospective cohort study using prospective database of cirrhotic patients hospitalized with the first presentation of acute GVB at Taipei Veterans General Hospital from April 2007 to December 2010 was performed to evaluate the development of AKI. The study used Cox proportional hazards model to examine the association of ICA‐AKI criteria and mortality.ResultsOf 113 patients, 46 (41%) fulfilled the ICA‐AKI criteria and most (70%) initially had stage 1 AKI. Child‐Pugh score, systemic blood pressure at admission, and number of blood units transfused before endoscopy were independent predictors of AKI. Among patients with AKI, 30% progressed to higher stages with more advanced liver disease, lower serum sodium, more units of blood transfusion, higher frequency of infection, and higher serum creatinine levels at diagnosis of AKI. The 6‐week mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with AKI than in patients without AKI (37% vs 3%, P < 0.001), and AKI stages were independent predictors of 3‐month survival (93% in patients without AKI, 73% in stage 1, and 30% in stages 2 and 3, P = 0.005).ConclusionsThe occurrence of AKI as defined by the ICA criteria is common in cirrhotic patients with acute GVB. The presence of AKI was associated with much higher 6‐week mortality, and the stages of AKI further predicted 3‐month survival.
Tooth Loss and Risk of Dementia in the Community: the Hisayama Study
Authors: Takeuchi Kenji , Ohara Tomoyuki , Furuta Michiko , Takeshita Toru , Shibata Yukie , Hata Jun , Yoshida Daigo , Yamashita Yoshihisa , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo clarify the effect of tooth loss on development of all‐cause dementia and its subtypes in an elderly Japanese population.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThe Hisayama Study, Japan.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling Japanese adults without dementia aged 60 and older (N = 1,566) were followed for 5 years (2007–2012).MeasurementsParticipants were classified into four categories according to baseline number of remaining teeth (≥20, 10–19, 1–9, 0). The risk estimates of the effect of tooth loss on the development of all‐cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) were computed using a Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 180 (11.5%) subjects developed all‐cause dementia; 127 (8.1%) had AD, and 42 (2.7%) had VaD. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a tendency for the multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio of all‐cause dementia to increase with decrease in number of remaining teeth (P for trend = .04). The risk of all‐cause dementia was 1.62 times as great in subjects with 10 to 19 teeth, 1.81 times as great in those with one to nine teeth, and 1.63 times as great in those with no teeth as in those with 20 teeth or more. An inverse association was observed between number of remaining teeth and risk of AD (P for trend = .08), but no such association was observed with risk of VaD (P for trend = .20).ConclusionTooth loss is associated with an increased risk of all‐cause dementia and AD in the Japanese population.
Problem behaviour and psychosocial functioning in young children with Williams syndrome: parent and teacher perspectives
Authors: Klein‐Tasman B. P. , Lee K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is sparse literature about problem behaviour in young children with Williams syndrome (WS) and little consideration of the perspectives of multiple respondents.MethodsProblem behaviour of 35 children with WS ages 2 to 6 was examined based on both parent and teacher report using the Achenbach preschool forms.ResultsThe most prominent areas of difficulty based on both parent and teacher report were attention problems, pervasive developmental problems and emotion reactivity difficulties. Some rater differences were observed; most notably, teachers reported more externalising behaviour problems including more aggressive behaviour, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity problems and Oppositional Defiant problems than did parents. Few relations to intellectual functioning, age or gender were observed.DiscussionSome aspects of problem behaviour evident in older children (e.g. attention problems, social problems) are also apparent for young children with WS, while other areas are less prominent (e.g. anxiety). The implications of the findings for understanding the behavioural phenotype associated with WS are discussed.
Survey of Malassezia sp and dermatophytes in the cutaneous microbiome of free‐ranging golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas ‐ Kuhl, 1820)
Authors: Neves Juan JA , Francelino Marcelo , Silva Flavia GL , Baptista Luana CL , Bueno Marina G , Catão‐Dias José L , Molina Camila , Kierulff Maria CM , Pissinatti Alcides , Coutinho Selene DA 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundData about the presence of fungi on the cutaneous surface of wild animals are scarce. The aim of this study was to survey dermatophytes and Malassezia sp in the external ear canal and haircoat of Leontopithecus chrysomelas.MethodsA total of 928 clinical samples were collected from 232 animals: For Malassezia screening 696 samples were studied, 464 of cerumen and 232 of haircoat; another 232 haircoat samples were studied for dermatophyte analysis.ResultsA geophilic dermatophyte, Microsporum cookie, was isolated from one young female. Lipodependent Malassezia was isolated from 76 animals and 87 clinical samples, 26 from the cerumen and 61 from the haircoat (statistically significant); there were no differences related to gender and age.ConclusionsResults suggested that lipodependent Malassezia is part of the skin microbiome of these animals. The prevalence of dermatophytes was too low and probably not relevant for the health of the studied population.
An AANAT/ASMT transgenic animal model constructed with CRISPR/Cas9 system serving as the mammary gland bioreactor to produce melatonin‐enriched milk in sheep
Authors: Ma Teng , Tao Jingli , Yang Minghui , He Changjiu , Tian Xiuzhi , Zhang Xiaosheng , Zhang Jinlong , Deng Shoulong , Feng Jianzhong , Zhang Zhenzhen , Wang Jing , Ji Pengyun , Song Yukun , He Pingli , Han Hongbing , Fu Juncai , Lian Zhengxing , Liu Guoshi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMelatonin as a potent antioxidant exhibits important nutritional and medicinal values. To produce melatonin‐enriched milk will benefit the consumers. In this study, a sheep bioreactor which generates melatonin‐enriched milk has been successfully developed by the technology that combined CRISPR/Cas9 system and microinjection. The AANAT and ASMT were cloned from pineal gland of Dorper sheep (Ovis aries). The in vitro studies found that AANAT and ASMT were successfully transferred to the mammary epithelial cell lines and significantly increased melatonin production in the culture medium compared to the nontransgenic cell lines. In addition, the Cas9 mRNA, sgRNA, and the linearized vectors pBC1‐AANAT and pBC1‐ASMT were co‐injected into the cytoplasm of pronuclear embryos which were implanted into ewes by oviducts transferring. Thirty‐four transgenic sheep were generated with the transgenic positive rate being roughly 35% which were identified by Southern blot and sequencing. Seven carried transgenic AANAT, two carried ASMT, and 25 carried both of AANAT and ASMT genes. RT‐PCR and Western blot demonstrated that the lambs expressed these genes in their mammary epithelial cells and these animals produced melatonin‐enriched milk. This is the first report to show a functional AANAT and ASMT transgenic animal model which produce significantly high levels of melatonin milk compared to their wild‐type counterparts. The advanced technologies used in the study laid a foundation for generating large transgenic livestock, for example, the cows, which can produce high level of melatonin milk.
Bedtime, shuteye time and electronic media: sleep displacement is a two‐step process
Authors: Exelmans Liese , Van den Bulck Jan 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThis study argues that going to bed may not be synonymous with going to sleep, and that this fragmentation of bedtime results in a two‐step sleep displacement. We separated bedtime (i.e. going to bed) from shuteye time (i.e. attempting to go to sleep once in bed) and assessed the prevalence of electronic media use in both time slots. A convenience sample of 338 adults (aged 18–25 years, 67.6% women) participated in an online survey. Results indicated a gap of 39 min between bedtime and shuteye time, referred to as ‘shuteye latency’. Respondents with a shuteye latency of, respectively, ≤30 min, ≤1 or >1 h, were 3.3, 6.1 and 9.3 times more likely to be rated as poor sleepers compared to those who went to sleep immediately after going to bed. Before bedtime, volume of electronic media use (17 h 55 min per week) was higher than non‐media activities (14 h per week), whereas the opposite was true after bedtime (media = 3 h 41 min, non‐media = 7 h 46 min). Shuteye latency was related exclusively to prebedtime media use. Findings confirmed the proposed fragmentation of bedtime. Sleep displacement should therefore be redefined as a two‐step process, as respondents not only engage in the delay of bedtime, but also in the delay of shuteye time once in bed. Theoretical, methodological and practical implications are discussed.
Factors Associated with Survival in 97 Horses with Septic Pleuropneumonia
Authors: Arroyo M.G. , Slovis N.M. , Moore G.E. , Taylor S.D. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundSeptic pleuropneumonia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in horses, but there is limited data available regarding factors associated with survival.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo identify factors predictive of survival in horses with septic pleuropneumonia.AnimalsA total of 97 horses with septic pleuropneumonia at 2 referral institutions.MethodsA retrospective study was performed. A diagnosis of septic pleuropneumonia was based on the presence of sepsis, pleural effusion, and positive bacterial culture from tracheal aspiration (TA) or pleural fluid (PF).ResultsThirty‐one percent of horses had a recent history of travel. Clinical signs included lethargy (78%), tachycardia (75%), tachypnea (60%), fever (43%), prolonged capillary refill time (22%), and ventral edema (14%). The most common clinicopathologic abnormality was hyperfibrinogenemia (79%). Increased serum creatinine concentration at presentation was negatively associated with survival (OR, 5.13;CI, 1.88–14.01;P= .001) and return to work (OR, 6.46;CI, 1.10–37.92;P= .034). Eighty‐fourTAand 67PFsamples were submitted for culture, 98 and 84% of which were positive, respectively. The most common isolate wasStreptococcus equisubspzooepidemicus. Tracheal aspirates were more sensitive thanPFfor bacterial growth, but some organisms isolated fromPFwere not isolated fromTA. Thoracotomy was positively associated with survival (OR, 0.13;CI, 0.01–0.83;P= .028).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIncreased serum creatinine concentration is a negative prognostic indicator and is likely a reflection of dehydration. Submission ofTAandPFis recommended. Thoracotomy should be considered as a treatment for pleuropneumonia.
Cuticular hydrocarbon cues of immune‐challenged workers elicit immune activation in honeybee queens
Authors: Hernández López Javier , Riessberger‐Gallé Ulrike , Crailsheim Karl , Schuehly Wolfgang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecently, evidence has shown that variations in the cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) profile allow healthy honeybees to identify diseased nestmates, eliciting agonistic responses in the former. Here, we determined whether these ‘immunologic cues’ emitted by diseased nestmates were only detected by workers, who consequently took hygienic measures and excluded these individuals from the colony, or whether queens were also able to detect these cues and respond accordingly. Healthy honeybee queens were exposed to (i) healthy, (ii) Ringer‐injected and (iii) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐injected nestmates by allowing direct body contact. Quantitative differences in the CHC profiles of these three groups were measured using GC‐MS. The transcript levels of the products of four genes that encode for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are part of the queen's immune response, were measured in bees exposed to direct contact using qPCR. A significant increase in the transcript levels of these AMP genes over baseline levels in queens was observed when body contact was allowed between the queens and the Ringer‐ and LPS‐injected nestmates. These results provide the first evidence that the detection of CHCs contributes to the initiation of an immune response in insects. In an additional experiment, CHCs were extracted from diseased workers and directly presented to queens, which also evoked a similar immune response. A potential mechanism that relied on volatile compounds could be ruled out by conducting a distance experiment. The study helps to expand our knowledge of chemical communication in insects and sheds light on a likely new mechanism of social immunity.
Multi‐layered inhibition of Streptomyces development: BldO is a dedicated repressor of whiB
Authors: Bush Matthew J. , Chandra Govind , Findlay Kim C. , Buttner Mark J. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBldD‐(c‐di‐GMP) sits on top of the regulatory network that controls differentiation in Streptomyces, repressing a large regulon of developmental genes when the bacteria are growing vegetatively. In this way, BldD functions as an inhibitor that blocks the initiation of sporulation. Here, we report the identification and characterisation of BldO, an additional developmental repressor that acts to sustain vegetative growth and prevent entry into sporulation. However, unlike the pleiotropic regulator BldD, we show that BldO functions as the dedicated repressor of a single key target gene, whiB, and that deletion of bldO or constitutive expression of whiB is sufficient to induce precocious hypersporulation.
Mapping carbon fate during bleaching in a model cnidarian symbiosis: the application of 13C metabolomics
Authors: Hillyer Katie E. , Dias Daniel A. , Lutz Adrian , Roessner Ute , Davy Simon K. 
Published: March 2017

Summary

Coral bleaching is a major threat to the persistence of coral reefs. Yet we lack detailed knowledge of the metabolic interactions that determine symbiosis function and bleaching‐induced change.

We mapped autotrophic carbon fate within the free metabolite pools of both partners of a model cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis (Aiptasia–Symbiodinium) during exposure to thermal stress via the stable isotope tracer (13C bicarbonate), coupled to GC‐MS.

Symbiont photodamage and pronounced bleaching coincided with substantial increases in the turnover of non13C‐labelled pools in the dinoflagellate (lipid and starch store catabolism). However, 13C enrichment of multiple compounds associated with ongoing carbon fixation and de novo biosynthesis pathways was maintained (glucose, fatty acid and lipogenesis intermediates). Minimal change was also observed in host pools of 13C‐enriched glucose (a major symbiont‐derived mobile product). However, host pathways downstream showed altered carbon fate and/or pool composition, with accumulation of compatible solutes and nonenzymic antioxidant precursors.

In hospite symbionts continue to provide mobile products to the host, but at a significant cost to themselves, necessitating the mobilization of energy stores. These data highlight the need to further elucidate the role of metabolic interactions between symbiotic partners, during the process of thermal acclimation and coral bleaching.
Prevention of Flares in Children with Atopic Dermatitis with Regular Use of an Emollient Containing Glycerol and Paraffin: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Tiplica George Sorin , Kaszuba Andrzej , Malinauskienė Laura , Konno Pille , Boralevi Franck , Garrigue Eric , Saint‐Aroman Markéta , Delarue Alain 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesEmollients are part of the standard treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD), although there is limited evidence that regular use of emollients as management therapy reduces the frequency of flares and corticosteroid consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefit of emollient use in the management of mild to moderate AD in children by assessing the ability of two different emollients (particularly V0034CR) to prevent flares and to reduce the use of corticosteroids.MethodsIn this randomized, open‐label study, patients with a current flare were treated with a potent topical corticosteroid. After flare resolution, patients were centrally randomized to V0034CR emollient, reference emollient, or no emollient (1:1:1 ratio) for 12 weeks. New flares were medically assessed before being treated with a moderately potent corticosteroid.ResultsA total of 335 children 2 to 6 years of age were randomized. At 12 weeks, the percentage of patients with one or more flares was statistically significantly lower with V0034CR (35.1%) than without emollient (67.6%; p < 0.001). Fewer patients treated with V0034CR required any corticosteroids or immunosuppressants (23.6%) than patients with no emollient (43.3%) at 12 weeks. The difference was significant at all time points (p = 0.002). Patients treated with emollients had a longer time to first flare, fewer flares, higher complete remission rates, less corticosteroid consumption, lower Investigator Global Assessment scores, and lower Scoring Atopic Dermatitis scores than those who were not. V0034CR was well tolerated, with no specific safety concerns.ConclusionRegular emollient use in children with mild to moderate AD reduces flares and corticosteroid consumption.
The psychological consequences of income inequality
Authors: Buttrick Nicholas R. , Oishi Shigehiro 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we review and integrate the contemporary literature on the societal effects of income inequality, drawing on social, personality, developmental, and organizational psychology, sociology, political science, economics, and public health. Living in highly unequal regimes is associated with both increased mistrust and increased anxiety about social status; these psychological mechanisms help explain some of the negative outcomes associated with income inequality, such as lower happiness, lower social cohesion, weaker morality, higher mortality, worse health, and weaker governance.
The reproducibility and clinical utility of the 3D camera for measuring scar height, with a protocol for administration
Authors: Tyack Z. , Simons M. , Kimble R. M. , Muller M. J. , Leung K. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the reproducibility and clinical utility of a 3D camera for measuring burn scar height in adults.MethodsParticipants from a larger prospective longitudinal study were included. Reproducibility data were collected using an immediate test‐retest interval and a 1‐2 week test‐retest interval and included reliability and agreement. The LifeViz™ 3D camera was used to measure scar height. Reproducibility was tested using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), percentage agreement within 1 mm between test and retest, standard error of measurement, smallest detectable change (SDC) and Bland Altman limits of agreement.ResultsBurn scar images from 55 adult participants were included. Intra‐rater reliability was acceptable using an immediate retest interval (maximum and minimum height ICC=0.85, 0.86 respectively). Agreement using an immediate retest interval was borderline acceptable (maximum and minimum height SDC=1.11, 0.69 respectively) to detect changes of close to 1 mm. Reproducibility was largely not acceptable using a 1‐2 week test‐retest interval (eg, maximum and minimum height ICC=0.34, 0.68 respectively; maximum and minimum height SDC=2.66, 1.16). The clinical utility of the camera was supported for scars over relatively flat areas and well‐defined border margins. A protocol for administration of the camera was developed.ConclusionThe 3D camera appears capable of detecting gross changes or differences in scar height above the normal skin surface, in adults with scars over relatively flat areas and well‐defined border margins. However, further testing of reproducibility using a shorter test‐retest interval than 1‐2 week retest is recommended to confirm the suitability of the device for measuring changes or differences in scar height.
African Americans and American Values: Does South Matter?
Authors: Sullivan Jas M. , Henderson Michael , Parent T. Wayne , Winburn Jonathan 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThis article examines the effects of southern culture on the attitudes and political predisposition of southern African Americans.MethodUsing unique survey data, with large oversamples of African Americans, this article explores whether southern blacks have a more positive opinion of the American system than African Americans who reside outside the south.ResultsWe find a “southern effect” occurs among African Americans. Southern blacks express more support for traditionally defined American political and social values than nonsouthern blacks; however, this gap is less than a third the size of the regional gap among whites.ConclusionTogether, these findings suggest a complex interplay of race and region on political values and raise profound normative concerns. A group that arguably stands at a greater disadvantage in the political system expresses higher levels of support for that system.