bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of Benefit of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) in Patients with Resectable Solitary Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ha Tae‐Yong , Hwang Shin , Lee Young‐Joo , Kim Ki‐Hun , Ko Gi‐Young , II Gwon Dong , Ahn Chul‐Soo , Moon Deok‐Bog , Song Gi‐Won , Jung Dong‐Hwan , Lee Han Chu , Lim Young‐Suk , Kim Kang Mo , Shim Ju Hyun , Choi Jeong‐Heon , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to assess the prognostic impact of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on long‐term survival outcomes in patients undergoing resection of small solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsEnrolled patients had undergone macroscopic curative resection of solitary 2–5 cm HCC with (n = 105) or without (n = 830; control group) preoperative TACE.ResultsTACE group was divided into subgroups A (n = 68, 1–2 TACEs within 12 months), B (n = 23, ≥3 TACEs within 12 months), and C (n = 14, TACE prior to 12 months). The number of TACE sessions was 1.8 ± 1.6. In TACE A‐C subgroups, pathological response of tumor necrosis >50 % at median post‐TACE period after final TACE was observed in 41 (60.3 %) at 1.9 months, 10 (43.5 %) at 2.1 months, and 2 (14.3 %) at 18.9 months, respectively. The 5‐year tumor recurrence and patient survival rates were 62.8 and 70.4 % in TACE group and 51.4 and 83.4 % in control group, respectively (p ≤ 0.003). Median periods of postoperative tumor recurrence in TACE A‐C subgroups and control group were 35, 13, 14, and 55 months, respectively (p < 0.001); and postoperative survival periods at 75 % survival rate were 51, 38, 51, and 98 months, respectively (p = 0.003). TACE‐induced extensive tumor necrosis did not improve postoperative prognosis in TACE A subgroup (p ≥ 0.053). Postoperative prognosis after preoperative sequential TACE and portal vein embolization was comparable to that of the control group (p ≥ 0.052).ConclusionsPreoperative TACE for small solitary HCCs may adversely affect post‐resection prognosis, irrespective of pathological responses. Preoperative TACE should be avoided for patients with resectable small HCCs.
Clinical Decision Support Tools for Selecting Interventions for Patients with Disabling Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gross Douglas P. , Armijo-Olivo Susan , Shaw William S. , Williams-Whitt Kelly , Shaw Nicola T. , Hartvigsen Jan , Qin Ziling , Ha Christine , Woodhouse Linda J. , Steenstra Ivan A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to identify and inventory clinical decision support (CDS) tools for helping front-line staff select interventions for patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders.MethodsWe used Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework which progresses through five stages: (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) selecting studies for analysis; (4) charting the data; and (5) collating, summarizing and reporting results. We considered computer-based, and other available tools, such as algorithms, care pathways, rules and models. Since this research crosses multiple disciplines, we searched health care, computing science and business databases.ResultsOur search resulted in 4605 manuscripts. Titles and abstracts were screened for relevance. The reliability of the screening process was high with an average percentage of agreement of 92.3 %. Of the located articles, 123 were considered relevant. Within this literature, there were 43 CDS tools located. These were classified into 3 main areas: computer-based tools/questionnaires (n = 8, 19 %), treatment algorithms/models (n = 14, 33 %), and clinical prediction rules/classification systems (n = 21, 49 %). Each of these areas and the associated evidence are described. The state of evidentiary support for CDS tools is still preliminary and lacks external validation, head-to-head comparisons, or evidence of generalizability across different populations and settings.ConclusionsCDS tools, especially those employing rapidly advancing computer technologies, are under development and of potential interest to health care providers, case management organizations and funders of care. Based on the results of this scoping review, we conclude that these tools, models and systems should be subjected to further validation before they can be recommended for large-scale implementation for managing patients with MSK disorders.
Stroke Education in Canadian Emergency Medicine Residency Programs
Authors: Harris Devin R. , Teal Philip , Turton Matthew , Lahiffe Brian , Pulfrey Simon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivesStroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) are common disorders treated by Canadian emergency physicians. The diagnosis and management of these conditions is time-sensitive and complex, requiring that emergency physicians have adequate training. This study sought to determine the extent of stroke and TIA training in Canadian emergency medicine residency programs.MethodsA two-page survey was emailed to directors of all English-speaking emergency medicine residency programs in Canada. This included both the Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada (FRCPC) and the College of Family Physicians Enhanced Training [CCFP(EM)] residency programs. The number of mandatory and elective rotations, lectures, and examinations relevant to stroke and TIA were assessed.ResultsNine FRCPC programs responded (of 11; RR=82%) and 11 CCFP(EM) programs responded (of 18; RR=61%), representing 20 of 29 programs in Canada (RR: 20/29=69%). Mandatory general neurology (3/9) and stroke neurology (2/9) rotations were offered in a minority of FRCPC programs and not at all in CCFP(EM) programs (0/11). Neuroradiology rotations were mandatory in 1/9 FRCPC programs and no CCFP(EM) programs (0/11). Acute ischemic stroke was allocated 3 hours of lecture time per year in all residency programs, regardless of route of training. Despite the fact that 100% of respondents train residents in facilities that administer thrombolysis for stroke, only 1/11 (9%) CCFP(EM) programs and 0/9 FRCPC programs have residents act as stroke team leaders.ConclusionsFormal training in stroke and TIA is limited in Canadian emergency medicine residency programs. Enhanced training opportunities should be developed as this disease is sudden, life-threatening, and can have disabling or fatal consequences, and therapeutic options are time sensitive.
Boundary conditions for the formation of the Moon
Authors: Reuver M. , de Meijer R.J. , ten Kate I.L. , van Westrenen W. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRecent measurements of the chemical and isotopic composition of lunar samples indicate that the Moon's bulk composition shows great similarities with the composition of the silicate Earth. Moon formation models that attempt to explain these similarities make a wide variety of assumptions about the properties of the Earth prior to the formation of the Moon (the proto-Earth), and about the necessity and properties of an impactor colliding with the proto-Earth. This paper investigates the effects of the proto-Earth's mass, oblateness and internal core-mantle differentiation on its moment of inertia. The ratio of angular momentum and moment of inertia determines the stability of the proto-Earth and the binding energy, i.e. the energy needed to make the transition from an initial state in which the system is a rotating single body with a certain angular momentum to a final state with two bodies (Earth and Moon) with the same total angular momentum, redistributed between Earth and Moon. For the initial state two scenarios are being investigated: a homogeneous (undifferentiated) proto-Earth and a proto-Earth differentiated in a central metallic and an outer silicate shell; for both scenarios a range of oblateness values is investigated. Calculations indicate that a differentiated proto-Earth would become unstable at an angular momentum L that exceeds the total angular momentum of the present-day Earth–Moon system (L0) by factors of 2.5–2.9, with the precise maximum dependent on the proto-Earth's oblateness. Further limitations are imposed by the Roche limit and the logical condition that the separated Earth–Moon system should be formed outside the proto-Earth. This further limits the L values of the Earth–Moon system to a maximum of about L/L0 = 1.5, at a minimum oblateness (a/c ratio) of 1.2. These calculations provide boundary conditions for the main classes of Moon-forming models. Our results show that at the high values of L used in recent giant impact models (1.8 < L/L0 < 3.1), the proposed proto-Earths are unstable before (Cuk & Stewart, 2012) or immediately after (Canup, 2012) the impact, even at a high oblateness (the most favourable condition for stability). We conclude that the recent attempts to improve the classic giant impact hypothesis by studying systems with very high values of L are not supported by the boundary condition calculations in this work. In contrast, this work indicates that the nuclear explosion model for Moon formation (De Meijer et al., 2013) fulfills the boundary conditions and requires approximately one order of magnitude less energy than originally estimated. Hence in our view the nuclear explosion model is presently the model that best explains the formation of the Moon from predominantly terrestrial silicate material.
The past, present and future of fluorescent protein tags in anaerobic protozoan parasites
Authors: MORIN-ADELINE VICTORIA , ŠLAPETA JAN 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYThe world health organization currently recognizes diarrhoeal diseases as a significant cause of death in children globally. Protozoan parasites such asGiardiaandEntamoebathat thrive in the oxygen-deprived environment of the human gut are common etiological agents of diarrhoea. In the urogenital tract of humans, the anaerobic protozoan parasiteTrichomonas vaginalisis notorious as the most common non-viral, sexually transmitted pathogen. Even with high medical impact, our understanding of anaerobic parasite physiology is scarce and as a result, treatment choices are limited. Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are invaluable tools as genetically encoded protein tags for advancing knowledge of cellular function. These FP tags emit fluorescent colours and once attached to a protein of interest, allow tracking of parasite proteins in the dynamic cellular space. Application of green FPs-like FPs in anaerobic protozoans is hindered by their oxygen dependency. In this review, we examine aspects of anaerobic parasite biology that clash with physio-chemical properties of FPs and limit their use as live-parasite protein tags. We expose novel FPs, such as miniSOG that do not require oxygen for signal production. The potential use of novel FPs has the opportunity to leverage the anaerobe parasitologist toolkit to that of aerobe parasitologist.
Childhood adversity and cortical thickness and surface area in a population at familial high risk of schizophrenia
Authors: Barker V. , Bois C. , Johnstone E. C. , Owens D. G. C. , Whalley H. C. , McIntosh A. M. , Lawrie S. M. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThere is now a well-established link between childhood adversity (CA) and schizophrenia. Similar structural abnormalities to those found in schizophrenia including alterations in grey-matter volume have also been shown in those who experience CA.MethodWe examined whether global estimates of cortical thickness or surface area were altered in those familial high-risk subjects who had been referred to a social worker or the Children's Panel compared to those who had not.ResultsWe found that the cortical surface area of those who were referred to the Children's Panel was significantly smaller than those who had not been referred, but cortical thickness was not significantly altered. There was also an effect of social work referral on cortical surface area but not on thickness.ConclusionsCortical surface area increases post-natally more than cortical thickness. Our findings suggest that CA can influence structural changes in the brain and it is likely to have a greater impact on cortical surface area than on cortical thickness.
Dual objective motion planning subject to state constraints
Authors: Sadegh Nader 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel motion planning approach inspired by the Dynamic Programming (DP) applicable to multi degree of freedom robots (mobile or stationary) and autonomous vehicles. The proposed discrete–time algorithm enables a robot to reach its destination through an arbitrary obstacle field in the fewest number of time steps possible while minimizing a secondary objective function. Furthermore, the resulting optimal trajectory is guaranteed to be globally optimal while incorporating state constraints such as velocity, acceleration, and jerk limits. The optimal trajectories furnished by the algorithm may be further updated in real time to accommodate changes in the obstacle field and/or cost function. The algorithm is proven to terminate in a finite number of steps without its computational complexity increasing with the type or number of obstacles. The effectiveness of the global and replanning algorithms are demonstrated on a planar mobile robot with three degrees of freedom subject to velocity and acceleration limits. The computational complexity of the two algorithms are also compared to that of an A*–type search.
Calculating a linear-time solution to the densest-segment problem
Authors: CURTIS SHARON , MU SHIN-CHENG 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe problem of finding a densest segment of a list is similar to the well-known maximum segment sum problem, but its solution is surprisingly challenging. We give a general specification of such problems, and formally develop a linear-time online solution, using a sliding-window style algorithm. The development highlights some elegant properties of densities, involving partitions that are decreasing and all right-skew.
Infiltrate and Conquer: Showing the World What Librarians Can Do
Authors: Allbon Emily 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInfiltrate and Conquer … looks at how librarians might take inspiration from outside of their profession to gain greater visibility and influence within their own workplaces. The piece is a mixture of experiences: from the author, Emily Allbon, from others who have left the profession but who use those skills in other careers, and also from some librarians outside of law. The focus here is on why, and indeed how, to forge partnerships and encourage collaboration with others inside and outside of your profession. The author's Lawbore website and associated technologies will be discussed throughout the article.
A Copyright Snapshot: the Impact of New Copyright Legislation on Information Professionals
Authors: Stannard Emily 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article, written by Emily Stannard, is based on her presentation at the 2015 BIALL Annual Conference. The article discusses the recent statutory changes to the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and reflects on the impact it has had on information professionals, especially those working within the cultural heritage and education sectors. The wording of the legislation is considered in detail with the aid of case law to provide context where necessary, particularly with reference to fair dealing provisions. Developments within the Digital Single Market of the European Union also have a significant impact on national copyright law, and it is imperative that information professionals remain informed about upcoming copyright initiatives as well as making sense of the new statutory instruments.
An exploration of the prevalence and predictors of work-related well-being among psychosocial oncology professionals: An application of the job demands–resources model
Authors: Turnell Adrienne , Rasmussen Victoria , Butow Phyllis , Juraskova Ilona , Kirsten Laura , Wiener Lori , Patenaude Andrea , Hoekstra-Weebers Josette , Grassi Luigi 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjective:Burnout is reportedly high among oncology healthcare workers. Psychosocial oncologists may be particularly vulnerable to burnout. However, their work engagement may also be high, counteracting stress in the workplace. This study aimed to document the prevalence of both burnout and work engagement, and the predictors of both, utilizing the job demands–resources (JD–R) model, within a sample of psychosocial oncologists.Method:Psychosocial-oncologist (N = 417) clinicians, recruited through 10 international and national psychosocial-oncology societies, completed an online questionnaire. Measures included demographic and work characteristics, burnout (the MBI–HSS Emotional Exhaustion (EE) and Depersonalization (DP) subscales), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and measures of job demands and resources.Results:High EE and DP was reported by 20.2 and 6.6% of participants, respectively, while 95.3% reported average to high work engagement. Lower levels of job resources and higher levels of job demands predicted greater burnout, as predicted by the JD–R model, but the predicted interaction between these characteristics and burnout was not significant. Higher levels of job resources predicted higher levels of work engagement.Significance of results:Burnout was surprisingly low and work engagement high in this sample. Nonetheless, one in five psychosocial oncologists have high EE. Our results suggest that both the positive (resources) and negative (demands) aspects of this work environment have an on impact burnout and engagement, offering opportunities for intervention. Theories such as the JD–R model can be useful in guiding research in this area.
The experimental power of FR900359 to study Gq-regulated biological processes
Authors: Schrage Ramona , Schmitz Anna-Lena , Gaffal Evelyn , Annala Suvi , Kehraus Stefan , Wenzel Daniela , Büllesbach Katrin M. , Bald Tobias , Inoue Asuka , Shinjo Yuji , Galandrin Ségolène , Shridhar Naveen , Hesse Michael , Grundmann Manuel , Merten Nicole , Charpentier Thomas H. , Martz Matthew , Butcher Adrian J. , Slodczyk Tanja , Armando Sylvain , Effern Maike , Namkung Yoon , Jenkins Laura , Horn Velten , Stößel Anne , Dargatz Harald , Tietze Daniel , Imhof Diana , Galés Céline , Drewke Christel , Müller Christa E. , Hölzel Michael , Milligan Graeme , Tobin Andrew B. , Gomeza Jesús , Dohlman Henrik G. , Sondek John , Harden T. Kendall , Bouvier Michel , Laporte Stéphane A. , Aoki Junken , Fleischmann Bernd K. , Mohr Klaus , König Gabriele M. , Tüting Thomas , Kostenis Evi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDespite the discovery of heterotrimeric αβγ G proteins ∼25 years ago, their selective perturbation by cell-permeable inhibitors remains a fundamental challenge. Here we report that the plant-derived depsipeptide FR900359 (FR) is ideally suited to this task. Using a multifaceted approach we systematically characterize FR as a selective inhibitor of Gq/11/14 over all other mammalian Gα isoforms and elaborate its molecular mechanism of action. We also use FR to investigate whether inhibition of Gq proteins is an effective post-receptor strategy to target oncogenic signalling, using melanoma as a model system. FR suppresses many of the hallmark features that are central to the malignancy of melanoma cells, thereby providing new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Just as pertussis toxin is used extensively to probe and inhibit the signalling of Gi/o proteins, we anticipate that FR will at least be its equivalent for investigating the biological relevance of Gq.
Origins of Cell-to-Cell Bioprocessing Diversity and Implications of the Extracellular Environment Revealed at the Single-Cell Level
Authors: Vasdekis A. E. , Silverman A. M. , Stephanopoulos G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBioprocess limitations imposed by microbial cell-to-cell phenotypic diversity remain poorly understood. To address this, we investigated the origins of such culture diversity during lipid production and assessed the impact of the fermentation microenvironment. We measured the single-cell lipid production dynamics in a time-invariant microfluidic environment and discovered that production is not monotonic, but rather sporadic with time. To characterize this, we introduce bioprocessing noise and identify its epigenetic origins. We linked such intracellular production fluctuations with cell-to-cell productivity diversity in culture. This unmasked the phenotypic diversity amplification by the culture microenvironment, a critical parameter in strain engineering as well as metabolic disease treatment.
An efficient planar accordion-shaped micromixer: from biochemical mixing to biological application
Authors: Cosentino Armando , Madadi Hojjat , Vergara Paola , Vecchione Raffaele , Causa Filippo , Netti Paolo Antonio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMicromixers are the key component that allow lab-on-a-chip and micro total analysis systems to reach the correct level of mixing for any given process. This paper proposes a novel, simple, passive micromixer design characterized by a planar accordion-shape geometry. The geometrical characteristics of the presented design were analyzed numerically in the range of 0.01 < Re < 100 based on the micromixer performance. The performance of the most efficient design was experimentally investigated by means of fluorescence microscopy for a range of low diffusion coefficients, 10−12 < D < 10−11 m2/s. The micromixer structure was fabricated in a simple single-step process using maskless lithography and soft lithography. The experimental results showed a very good agreement with the predicted numerical results. This micromixer design including a single serpentine unit (1-SERP) displayed an efficiency higher than 90% (mixing length = 6.4 mm) creating a pressure drop of about 500 Pa at Re = 0.1 and 60 kPa at Re = 10. A mixing efficiency of almost 100% was readily reached when three serpentine units were included (3-SERP). Finally, the potential diagnostic value of the presented microdevice was validated experimentally for Red Blood Cell (RBC) lysis.
Simvastatin suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation induced by senescent cells
Authors: Liu Su , Uppal Harpreet , Demaria Marco , Desprez Pierre-Yves , Campisi Judith , Kapahi Pankaj 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCellular senescence suppresses cancer by preventing the proliferation of damaged cells, but senescent cells can also promote cancer though the pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Simvastatin, an HMG-coA reductase inhibitor, is known to attenuate inflammation and prevent certain cancers. Here, we show that simvastatin decreases the SASP of senescent human fibroblasts by inhibiting protein prenylation, without affecting the senescent growth arrest. The Rho family GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 were activated in senescent cells and simvastatin reduced both activities. Further, geranylgeranyl transferase, Rac1 or Cdc42 depletion reduced IL-6 secretion by senescent cells. We also show that simvastatin mitigates the effects of senescent conditioned media on breast cancer cell proliferation and endocrine resistance. Our findings identify a novel activity of simvastatin and mechanism of SASP regulation. They also suggest that senescent cells, which accumulate after radio/chemo therapy, promote endocrine resistance in breast cancer and that simvastatin might suppress this resistance.
Isotope effect on the circular dichroism spectrum of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside in aqueous solution
Authors: Kanematsu Yusuke , Kamiya Yukiko , Matsuo Koichi , Gekko Kunihiko , Kato Koichi , Tachikawa Masanori 
Published: December 2015

AbstractH/D isotope effect on the circular dichroism spectrum of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside in aqueous solution has been analyzed by multicomponent density functional theory calculations using the polarizable continuum model. By comparing the computational spectra with the corresponding experimental spectrum obtained with a vacuum-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectrophotometer, it was demonstrated that the isotope effect provides insights not only into the isotopic difference of the intramolecular interactions of the solutes, but also into that of the solute–solvent intermolecular interaction.