bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular anatomy of the jejunal mesentery and complications associated with division of the first jejunal venous trunk during pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Kobayashi Yuta , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Arita Junichi , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Kaneko Junichi , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundLittle is known about the anatomy of the jejunal veins (JVs) flowing into the superior mesenteric vein (SMV), and whether they can be safely divided during pancreaticoduodenectomy.MethodsComputed tomography was used to review the jejunal branches off the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and into the SMV in 123 consecutive patients. The common trunk of the JVs (jejunal venous trunk, JVT) was classified as ventral or dorsal to the SMA.ResultsThe first JVT involved multiple JVs in 108 (87.8%) cases. The first JVT diameter (≥7 or <7 mm) was significantly associated with the number of JVs (≥4 or <4; P < 0.05). Surgical outcomes were not significantly different between cases in which the first JVT was sacrificed (n = 32) or preserved (n = 91), except for operation time and portal venous resection frequency. One of the 32 cases (3.1%) with first JVT sacrifice showed severe congestion of the jejunal limb requiring emergency jejunal resection.ConclusionsThe size and topology of the first JVT are associated with the number of JVs involved. This is important for understanding the resectional area of the mesojejunum and the pathogenesis of jejunal congestion.
Quality evaluation of Eucommiae Cortex processed by different methods and “sweating” conditions based on simultaneous determination of multiple bioactive constituents combined with gray relational analysis
Authors: Yan Ying , Cai Hao , Zhao Hui , Chen Cuihua , Zou Lisi , Liu Xunhong , Chai Chuan , Wang Shengnan , Hua Yujiao 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEucommiae Cortex is a classical traditional Chinese medicine, which needs to be processed by “sweating” methods. To select the suitable processing method and “sweating” processing condition for Eucommiae Cortex, in this study, the quality of Eucommiae Cortex was evaluated based on simultaneous determination of multiple bioactive constituents combined with gray relational analysis. The contents of lignans, iridoids, penylpropanoids, flavonoids, and phenols in samples were simultaneously determined using ultra‐fast performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole‐linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Synergiۛ Hydro‐RP 100 Å column (100 mm × 2.0 mm, 2.5 μm) at 30°C with a gradient elution of acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid/0.1% aqueous formic acid as the mobile phase. Furthermore, gray relational analysis was performed to evaluate and sort the samples according to the contents of 14 constituents by calculating the relative correlation degree of each sample. The results demonstrated that the quality of Eucommiae Cortex “sweating” at source area was better and the better “sweating” condition was to scrape off the cork layer before “sweating” with straw covering and sun drying. The developed method could provide the foundation and support for “sweating” processing method of Eucommiae Cortex in normalization and standardization.
Determination of the transformation of ginsenosides in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma during decoction with water using ultra‐fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhou Qi‐Le , Yang Xiu‐Wei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the variations of ginsenosides in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma when using different preparation solvents and explore the major factors for changes. With an established ultra‐fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method which could quantify 52 ginsenosides, the extraction differences were characterized and compared using different solvents (water, 70% aqueous ethanol, and ethanol). Subsequently, a series of aqueous solutions with different pH were prepared to test the influence of pH to the changes of ginsenosides. Meanwhile, acetic acid and aspartic acid were used to verify whether the reaction had a relationship with the kind of acids. After refluxing with water, not only highly polar ginsenosides were extracted, some less polar ginsenosides such as ginsenoside Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, and Rh2 occurred or increased rapidly. Further experiments indicated that less polar ginsenosides were easier to generate at low pH values, and the reaction was only related to pH other than what kind of acids were used. It is the first time to elaborate the contents variation of 52 ginsenosides when using different extraction methods. The results indicated that decoction with water could enhance the transformation of highly polar ginsenosides to less polar ginsenosides and the process was pH dependent.
Alternative healthy food choice for tourists: Developing Buddhist temple cuisine
Authors: Kim Kwon‐Soo , Lee Timothy J. , Ryu Kisang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the attitudes and subjective norms involved in food consumption by tourists, the degree of awareness of South Korean Buddhist temple cuisine among tourists, and associated consumer characteristics. These characteristics are summed as tourists with weak attitudes and subjective norms and those with strong attitudes and subjective norms. A questionnaire mainly asked about awareness, attribute beliefs, and normative beliefs relating to temple cuisine and the evaluation properties of food. This study examined the popularization of temple cuisine as a niche food tourism market beyond the Buddhist community, making it pioneer research in the field of temple cuisine.
Roles of perceived behavioral control and self‐efficacy to volunteer tourists' intended participation via theory of planned behavior
Authors: Lee Seungwoo John , Lina Kim Hyelin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVolunteer tourism, as an alternative to mass tourism, has grown significantly since the 1970s, sparking a growing research interest in the subject. However, little research has been conducted about Asian volunteer tourists. The purpose of this study is to compare the strength of perceived behavioral control with self‐efficacy to predict volunteer tourists' intentions within the theory of planned behavior. Meta‐analysis is also used to examine the effect size of the independent variables derived from the theory of planned behavior. Study results indicate that self‐efficacy is a stronger predictor than perceived behavioral control in predicting volunteer tourists' future behavioral intentions.
Anatomic Delineation of Tarsal Tunnel Innervation via Ultrasonography
Authors: Iborra Alvaro , Villanueva Manuel , Barrett Stephen L. , Rodriguez‐Collazo Edgardo , Sanz Pablo 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesHigh‐resolution ultrasonography (US) can play an important role in studying nerves, as it has several advantages. Entrapments of distal tibial nerve branches can be mapped out or diagnosed with selective anesthetic blocks, and US can guide therapeutic procedures, such as radiofrequency ablation and selective infiltrations of specific nerve branches. The aim of this study was to verify that US is an effective method for accurately locating the posterior tibial nerve and its terminal branches, such as the medial calcaneal branch, the first calcaneal branch, and the medial and lateral plantar nerves.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the correlation between US mapping and real anatomy after cadaveric dissection, assessing the distribution and variability of the tibial nerve and its terminal branches. We used 12 fresh anatomic specimens of the foot and ankle, including the calf. A high‐resolution US study of the tibial nerve and its branches was performed.ResultsThe results of the US studies of the anatomic specimens were drawn as paper diagrams and in data collection tables. Both were completed twice per anatomic specimen, first using the results of the US study and second using the results from dissection of the anatomic specimens; this approach enabled us to compare the results and verify whether the US study and the dissection correlated on the topography of the tibial nerve and its terminal branches. We found almost total agreement between the US and dissection results, with no significant differences between the evaluations.ConclusionsOn the basis of this work, we can conclude that high‐resolution US is almost 100% effective as a tool for identifying the tibial nerve and its branches, enabling the specialist to make diagnoses or perform selective treatments on each nerve branch and even to design surgical interventions by observing the patient's anatomy before performing the dissection
Pyrolysis temperature during biochar production alters its subsequent utilization by microorganisms in an acid arable soil
Authors: Luo Yu , Dungait Jennifer A. J. , Zhao Xiaorong , Brookes Philip C. , Durenkamp Mark , Li Guitong , Lin Qimei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBiochar amendment of agricultural soils can have a significant impact on microbial carbon (C) metabolism by providing C substrates and altering soil properties, including amelioration of soil acidity. It remains unclear whether available C of biochar or its pH effects determines the utilization of biochar by microorganisms. Compound‐specific stable 13C isotope analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (13C‐phospholipid fatty acid analysis) was used to explore which microbial group utilized biochar distinguished with pHs and C availability. C4 Miscanthus biochar (δ13C = −12.2‰) was prepared at 2 pyrolysis temperatures (350 °C and 700 °C) and applied (50 mg C g−1 soil) to a very acid soil (pH 3.7, δ13C = −27.7‰), which was sampled from the long term Hoosfield Acid Strip experiment at Rothamsted Research, and incubated for 14 months. Biochar700 increased soil pH to 5.1 and biochar350 increased soil pH to 4.3. All microbial groups (Gram‐positive bacteria, Gram‐negative bacteria, actinobacteria, and fungi) were more abundant in the biochar‐treated soils. The 13C values of biomarker phospholipid fatty acid analysis suggested that all groups of microorganisms, and especially Gram‐positive bacteria, were using the C from the biochar350, but not the biochar700, as a substrate. We conclude that its utilization of biochar by microorganisms after 14 months was largely determined by the pyrolysis temperature controlling the availability of biochar C, instead of the pH effects, in a very acidic soil.
Exosome‐Modified Tissue Engineered Blood Vessel for Endothelial Progenitor Cell Capture and Targeted siRNA Delivery
Authors: Chen Wen , Yang Mingcan , Bai Jian , Li Xiang , Kong Xiangrui , Gao Yu , Bi Lili , Xiao Li , Shi Bingyi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInstability and poor targeting causes the long‐term patency of RNA‐modified tissue engineering blood vessels (TEBVs) remaining unsatisfactory. RNA can be enriched in exosome and then delivered into targeted cells while whether exosome‐modified TEBVs achieve RNA targeted delivery is unclear. Here, to promote the expression of klotho protein on the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived exosomes, klotho plasmids are first transfected into MSCs, and adenosine kinase (ADK) siRNA is then loaded into exosome (klotho/ADK siRNA‐exosome) using electrotransfection. Flow chamber results show that klotho/ADK siRNA‐exosome can effectively capture circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Besides, the captured EPCs can endocytose this exosome, and then decompose it into klotho protein and ADK siRNA. Moreover, ADK siRNA promotes the paracrine of proangiogenic factors and adenosine from EPCs, which further facilitate proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Based on polyethyleneimine‐capped gold nanoparticles, exosome‐modified TEBVs are constructed through layer‐by‐layer assembly. Animal experimental results show that klotho/ADK siRNA‐exosome‐modified TEBVs can maintain the patency up to one month, and good endothelialization is observed. In short, one exosome‐modified TEBV is constructed, capture molecules on the surface of exosome capture the circulating EPCs, and the loaded RNA achieves its purpose of accurate treatment depending on the needs of patients.
Three‐space type Hahn‐Banach properties
Authors: Morillon Marianne 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn set theory without the axiom of choice , three‐space type results for the Hahn‐Banach property are provided. We deduce that for every Hausdorff compact scattered space K, the Banach space C(K) of real continuous functions on K satisfies the (multiple) continuous Hahn‐Banach property in . We also prove in Rudin's theorem: “Radon measures on Hausdorff compact scattered spaces are discrete”.
Thrombin‐Loaded Poly(butylene succinate)‐Based Electrospun Membranes for Rapid Hemostatic Application
Authors: Cheng Hui‐Hui , Xiong Jiang , Xie Zhi‐Ning , Zhu Ya‐Ting , Liu Yu‐Man , Wu Zhong‐Yin , Yu Jian , Guo Zhao‐Xia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPoly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and gelatin‐coated PBS electrospun membranes are evaluated for use as support materials to immobilize thrombin, an effective hemostat for topical injury, and three methods differing in whether and when gelatin is included are envisaged to prepare thrombin‐loaded PBS‐based electrospun membranes for use as rapid hemostatic materials. Both PBS and gelatin‐coated PBS membranes have high porosity, excellent wettability, rapid water penetration rate, and high water uptake, and thus are suitable support materials for thrombin. The thrombin immobilized onto gelatin‐coated PBS membrane has both high initial enzyme activity and high storage stability ascribed to the stabilizing effect of gelatin on thrombin activity. The hemostasis performance of thrombin‐immobilized membrane is evaluated in a rat liver model, showing shorter hemostasis time and less blood loss than clinically used gelatin sponge. The hemostasis mechanism is attributed to combined effects of thrombin and porous structure of electrospun membrane.
Preparation of Novel Fluorinated Copolyimide/Amine‐Functionalized Sepia Eumelanin Nanocomposites with Enhanced Mechanical, Thermal, and UV‐Shielding Properties
Authors: Li Qing , Liao Guangfu , Tian Jun , Xu Zushun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNovel fluorinated copolyimide/amine‐modified sepia eumelanin (ASE) nanocomposites are successfully fabricated via covalent bonds. To achieve this, the polyimide (PI) is synthesized by random co‐polycondensation. The effects of ASE on the structure and properties of the PI are investigated. A multilinked network is formed with ASE acting junctions in the nanocomposites. The mechanical properties of the PI are significantly improved by the addition of ASE, and the optimal tensile strength and elongation at break are 79.7 MPa and 85.42%, respectively. UV–vis transmittance, methylene blue (MB) photodegradation, and recyclability measurements confirm that the PI/ASE nanocomposites are transparent to visible light at low ASE loadings and show outstanding UV‐shielding properties and lifetimes under intense UV irradiation owing to the synergistic absorption of UV light by the PI matrix and ASE. Furthermore, the PI/ASE nanocomposites have enhanced thermal properties with initial degradation temperatures above 500 °C. These properties endow the nanocomposites with great potential for UV‐shielding in the conditions with high temperature and intense ultraviolet light.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Polymer Thin Films Using Cationic Initiation
Authors: Gao Yifan , Cole Branden , Tenhaeff Wyatt E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an attractive technique for the fabrication of high‐quality polymer thin films. The scheme used to initiate polymer chain growth is fundamental to controlling polymer thin film chemistry. A new initiation scheme for polymer CVD utilizing cationic initiation with a strong Lewis acid, TiCl4, in combination with a hydrogen donor, H2O, is presented. This coinitiation scheme results in polystyrene deposition rates of 139 nm min−1, relative to just 34 nm min−1 when TiCl4 is used alone. Characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that the polymer structures of polystyrene films prepared by conventional solution‐based techniques and cationic CVD are similar. Synthesis of cross‐linked polymer thin films is also demonstrated by depositing poly(divinylbenzene) and showing its insolubility in a range of solvents. The practical utility of these poly(divinylbenzene) films as corrosion resistant coatings is demonstrated. In 1 n HCl, 200 nm thick films on stainless steel increase the polarization resistance by a factor of 44 relative to bare, untreated stainless steel.
General methods for converting impulsive fractional differential equations to integral equations and applications
Authors: Liu Yuji 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we propose the concepts of Caputo fractional derivatives and Caputo type Hadamard fractional derivatives for piecewise continuous functions. We obtain general solutions of four classes of impulsive fractional differential equations (Theorem 3.1–Theorem 3.4) respectively. These results are applied to converting boundary value problems for impulsive fractional differential equations to integral equations. Some comments are made on recently published papers (see Section 4).
On closed Lie ideals of certain tensor products of ‐algebras
Authors: Gupta Ved Prakash , Jain Ranjana 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFor a simple ‐algebra A and any other ‐algebra B, it is proved that every closed ideal of is a product ideal if either A is exact or B is nuclear. Closed commutator of a closed ideal in a Banach algebra whose every closed ideal possesses a quasi‐central approximate identity is described in terms of the commutator of the Banach algebra. If α is either the Haagerup norm, the operator space projective norm or the ‐minimal norm, then this allows us to identify all closed Lie ideals of , where A and B are simple, unital ‐algebras with one of them admitting no tracial functionals, and to deduce that every non‐central closed Lie ideal of contains the product ideal . Closed Lie ideals of are also determined, A being any simple unital ‐algebra with at most one tracial state and X any compact Hausdorff space. And, it is shown that closed Lie ideals of are precisely the product ideals, where A is any unital ‐algebra and α any completely positive uniform tensor norm.
Homogeneous variable exponent Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces
Authors: Almeida Alexandre , Diening Lars , Hästö Peter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe introduce homogeneous Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces with variable indexes. We show that their study reduces to the study of inhomogeneous variable exponent spaces and homogeneous constant exponent spaces. Corollaries include trace space characterizations and Sobolev embeddings.
Proton Conducting Membranes Based on Poly(Ionic Liquids) Having Phosphonium Counter‐Cations
Authors: Isik Mehmet , Porcarelli Luca , Lago Nerea , Zhu Haijin , Forsyth Maria , Mecerreyes David 
Published: December 2017

AbstractProton conducting polymeric membranes are highly searched in many different technologies ranging from energy to biosensing. Protic ionic liquids and their polymeric version represent a new family of proton conducting molecules with relatively facile synthesis and excellent properties. In this work, protic poly(ionic liquids) having the most popular phosphonium counter‐cations are presented for the first time. The synthesis is carried out through proton transfer reactions or through ion exchange reactions by using commercially available tertiary phosphines. Tributyl‐, trioctyl‐, and tricyclohexyl‐phosphine are selected to form the desired cations. Polystyrene sulfonic acid, poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid), and lithium poly[(4‐styrenesulfonyl) (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide] polymers are used to form the polymeric anions. The chemical structure of the protic poly(ionic liquids) is confirmed by spectroscopic characterizations such as Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Thermal properties of the polymer are characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Polymers exhibit good membrane forming ability as well as high ionic conductivities in the range of 10−8 to 10−3 S cm−1 from 30 to 90 °C.
Cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and saliva in the BioFIND study: Relationships among biomarkers and Parkinson's disease Features
Authors: Goldman Jennifer G. , Andrews Howard , Amara Amy , Naito Anna , Alcalay Roy N. , Shaw Leslie M. , Taylor Peggy , Xie Tao , Tuite Paul , Henchcliffe Claire , Hogarth Penelope , Frank Samuel , Saint‐Hilaire Marie‐Helene , Frasier Mark , Arnedo Vanessa , Reimer Alyssa N. , Sutherland Margaret , Swanson‐Fischer Christine , Gwinn Katrina ,   The Fox Investigation of New Biomarker Discovery, Kang Un Jung 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Examine relationships among neurodegenerative biomarkers and PD motor and nonmotor symptoms.Background: CSF alpha‐synuclein is decreased in PD versus healthy controls, but whether plasma and saliva alpha‐synuclein differentiate these groups is controversial. Correlations of alpha‐synuclein among biofluids (CSF, plasma, saliva) or biomarkers (eg, beta‐amyloid, tau [total, phosphorylated]) are not fully understood. The relationships of these biomarkers with PD clinical features remain unclear.Methods: BioFIND, a cross‐sectional, observational study, examines clinical and biomarker characteristics in moderate‐advanced PD and matched healthy controls. We compared alpha‐synuclein concentrations across diagnosis, biofluids, and CSF biomarkers. Correlations of CSF biomarkers and MDS‐UPDRS, motor phenotype, MoCA, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder questionnaire scores in PD were examined.Results: CSF alpha‐synuclein was lower in PD versus controls (P = .01), controlling for age, gender, and education. Plasma and saliva alpha‐synuclein did not differ between PD and controls, and alpha‐synuclein did not significantly correlate among biofluids. CSF beta‐amyloid1‐42 was lower in PD versus controls (P < .01), and correlated weakly with MoCA recall scores (r = 0.23, P = .02). CSF alpha‐synuclein was lower in the postural instability/gait difficulty phenotype than other motor phenotypes (P < .01). No CSF biomarkers predicted or correlated with total motor or rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder scores. CSF alpha‐synuclein correlated with beta‐amyloid1‐42, total‐tau, and phosphorylated‐tau (r = 0.41, 0.81, 0.43, respectively; Ps < .001).Conclusion: Lower CSF alpha‐synuclein is associated with diagnosis and motor phenotype in moderate‐advanced PD. Plasma and saliva alpha‐synuclein neither correlate with CSF alpha‐synuclein, nor distinguish PD from controls. CSF beta‐amyloid1‐42 remains a potential biomarker for cognitive impairment in PD. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.