bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular, renal and gastrointestinal effects of incretin-based therapies: an acute and 12-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, mechanistic intervention trial in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Smits Mark M , Tonneijck Lennart , Muskiet Marcel H A , Hoekstra Trynke , Kramer Mark H H , Pieters Indra C , Cahen Djuna L , Diamant Michaela , van Raalte Daniël H 
Published: January 2016

IntroductionIncretin-based therapies, that is, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors, are relatively novel antihyperglycaemic drugs that are frequently used in type 2 diabetes management. Apart from glucose-lowering, these agents exhibit pleiotropic actions that may have favourable and unfavourable clinical consequences. Incretin-based therapies have been associated with heart rate acceleration, heart failure, acute renal failure and acute pancreatitis. Conversely, these agents may reduce blood pressure, glomerular hyperfiltration, albuminuria and hepatic steatosis. While large-sized cardiovascular safety trials can potentially identify the clinical significance of some of these pleiotropic actions, small-sized mechanistic studies are important to understand the (patho)physiological rationale of these findings. The current protocol describes a mechanistic study to assess cardiovascular, renal and gastrointestinal effects, and mechanisms of incretin-based therapies in type 2 diabetes.Methods and analyses60 patients with type 2 diabetes will undergo acute and prolonged randomised, double-blind, intervention studies. The acute intervention will consist of intravenous administration of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide or placebo. For the prolonged intervention, patients will be randomised to 12-week treatment with the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin or matching placebos. For each examined organ system, a primary end point is defined. Primary cardiovascular end point is change in resting heart rate variability assessed by beat-to-beat heart rate monitor and spectral analyses software. Primary renal end point is change in glomerular filtration rate assessed by the classic inulin clearance methodology. Primary gastrointestinal end points are change in pancreatic exocrine function assessed by MRI-techniques (acute intervention) and faecal elastase-1 levels (12-week intervention). Secondary end points include systemic haemodynamics, microvascular function, effective renal plasma flow, renal tubular function, pancreatic volume and gallbladder emptying-rate.Medical ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the local Ethics Review Board (VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice.Trial registration numberNCT01744236.
Multiple one-dimensional embedding clustering scheme for hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Song Yalong , Li Hong , Wang Jianzhong , Kou Kit Ian 
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we present a novel multiple 1D-embedding based clustering (M1DEBC) scheme for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. This novel clustering scheme is an iteration algorithm of 1D-embedding based regularization, which is first proposed by J. Wang [Semi-supervised learning using ensembles of multiple 1D-embedding-based label boosting, Int. J. Wavelets[Formula: see text] Multiresolut. Inf. Process. 14(2) (2016) 33 pp.; Semi-supervised learning using multiple one-dimensional embedding-based adaptive interpolation, Int. J. Wavelets[Formula: see text] Multiresolut. Inf. Process. 14(2) (2016) 11 pp.]. In the algorithm, at each iteration, we do the following three steps. First, we construct a 1D multi-embedding, which contains [Formula: see text] different versions of 1D embedding. Each of them is realized by an isometric mapping that maps all the pixels in a HSI into a line such that the sum of the distances of adjacent pixels in the original space is minimized. Second, for each 1D embedding, we use the regularization method to find a pre-classifier to give each unlabeled sample a preliminary label. If all of the [Formula: see text] different versions of regularization vote the same preliminary label, then we call it a feasible confident sample. All the feasible confident samples and their corresponding labels constitute the auxiliary set. We randomly select a part of the elements from the auxiliary set to construct the newborn labeled set. Finally, we add the newborn labeled set into the labeled sample set. Thus, the labeled sample set is gradually enlarged in the process of the iteration. The iteration terminates until the updated labeled set reaches a certain size. Our experimental results on real hyperspectral datasets confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Stromal Expression of miR-143/145 Promotes Neoangiogenesis in Lung Cancer Development
Authors: Dimitrova Nadya , Gocheva Vasilena , Bhutkar Arjun , Resnick Rebecca , Jong Robyn M. , Miller Kathryn M. , Bendor Jordan , Jacks Tyler 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The two unrelated miRNAs miR-143 and miR-145, coexpressed from the miR-143/145 cluster, have been proposed to act as tumor suppressors in human cancer, and therapeutic benefits of delivering miR-143 and miR-145 to tumors have been reported. In contrast, we found that tumor-specific deletion of miR-143/145 in an autochthonous mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma did not affect tumor development. This was consistent with the lack of endogenous miR-143/145 expression in normal and transformed lung epithelium. Surprisingly, miR-143/145 in the tumor microenvironment dramatically promoted tumor growth by stimulating the proliferation of endothelial cells. Loss of miR-143/145 in vivo led to derepression of the miR-145 target CAMK1D, an inhibitory kinase, which when overexpressed prevents mitotic entry of endothelial cells. As a consequence, tumors in miR-143/145-deficient animals exhibited diminished neoangiogenesis, increased apoptosis, and their expansion was limited by the tumor's ability to co-opt the alveolar vasculature. These findings demonstrate that stromal miR-143/145 promotes tumorigenesis and caution against the use of these miRNAs as agents in cancer therapeutics.
Significance: This study shows that miR-143/145 expressed from the tumor microenvironment stimulates neoangiogenesis and supports tumor expansion in the lung, demonstrating a surprising role for the putative tumor suppressor miRNA cluster in promoting tumorigenesis. We propose inhibition of miR-143/145 as a therapeutic avenue to modulate tumor neoangiogenesis. Cancer Discov; 6(2); 188–201. ©2015 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 109
Unplanned Inpatient and Observation Rehospitalizations After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hess Connie N. , Wang Tracy Y. , McCoy Lisa A. , Messenger John C. , Effron Mark B. , Zettler Marjorie E. , Henry Timothy D. , Peterson Eric D. , Fonarow Gregg C. 
Published: January 2016

Background—
Previous studies examining early readmission after acute myocardial infarction have focused exclusively on inpatient readmissions. However, from a patient’s perspective, any unplanned inpatient or observation rehospitalization after acute myocardial infarction represents a significant event; these unplanned rehospitalizations have not been well characterized.

Methods and Results—
We examined all patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and discharged alive from 233 hospitals in the Treatment With Adenosine Diphosphate Receptor Inhibitors: Longitudinal Assessment of Treatment Patterns and Events After Acute Coronary Syndrome (TRANSLATE-ACS) study from 2010 to 2012. Our primary outcome was unplanned rehospitalizations (inpatient or observation status) within 30 days after discharge. We identified factors associated with unplanned rehospitalizations using multivariable logistic regression. Among 12 312 patients, 1326 (10.8%) had 1483 unplanned rehospitalizations within 30 days of the index event: 1028 (69.3%) were inpatient readmissions, and 455 (30.7%) were observation stays. The majority of unplanned rehospitalizations (72%) were for cardiovascular reasons. Variation in hospital rates of 30-day unplanned rehospitalization ranged from 5.4% to 20.0%, with a median of 10.7%. After multivariable modeling, the factors most strongly associated with unplanned rehospitalization were baseline quality of life and depression, followed by index hospital length of stay.

Conclusions—
Early unplanned rehospitalizations are common after acute myocardial infarction, and close to one third were classified as an observation stay. Predischarge and postdischarge assessments of overall, not just cardiovascular, health and strategies to optimize patient functional status may help to reduce unplanned rehospitalizations.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01088503.
Parapolystichum novoguineense (comb. nov.; Dryopteridaceae) from New Guinea
Authors: Sundue Michael , Testo Weston 
Published: January 2016

Recent phylogenetic analyses have recovered Lastreopsis sensu Tindale (1965) as paraphyletic with Coveniella Tindale, Megalastrum Holttum, Rumohra Raddi, and Oenotrichia tripinnata (F. Muell. ex Benth.) Copel. nested within it (Labiak et al. 2014a). Species of Lastreopsis sensu Tindale were resolved in two clades now recognized as Lastreopsis s.s. and Parapolystichum. Accordingly, Labiak et al. (2014b) made new combinations for Conveniella and Oenotrichia tripinnata in Lastreopsis, and for 27 species of Lastreopsis in Parapolystichum. Lastreopsis s.s. now comprises 16 species, placed into two subgenera, subg. Lastreopsis and subg. Rhopalotricha (Labiak et al. 2015). Lastreopsis and Parapolystichum cannot always be distinguished from each other morphologically, therefore Labiak et al. (2014) refrained from making combinations for nine species that had not been included in their phylogenetic analysis, treating them as Incertae Sedis. We address one of those species here, Lastreopsis novoguineensis Holttum, which was described posthumously along with other novelties for the Flora Malesiana (Holttum, 1991). Here, we place Lastreopsis novoguineensis within a phylogenetic framework based on Labiak et al. (2014a) and resolve its taxonomic status based on these findings.
A Framework for Evaluating Climate Model Performance Metrics
Authors: Baker Noel C. , Taylor Patrick C. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Given the large amount of climate model output generated from the series of simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), a standard set of performance metrics would facilitate model intercomparison and tracking performance improvements. However, no framework exists for the evaluation of performance metrics. The proposed framework systematically integrates observations into metric assessment to quantitatively evaluate metrics. An optimal metric is defined in this framework as one that measures a behavior that is strongly linked to model quality in representing mean-state present-day climate. The goal of the framework is to objectively and quantitatively evaluate the ability of a performance metric to represent overall model quality. The framework is demonstrated, and the design principles are discussed using a novel set of performance metrics, which assess the simulation of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiative flux variance and probability distributions within 34 CMIP5 models against Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) observations and GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP). Of the 44 tested metrics, the optimal metrics are found to be those that evaluate global-mean TOA radiation flux variance.
Reconstructability of Three-Dimensional Upper-Ocean Circulation from SWOT Sea Surface Height Measurements
Authors: Qiu Bo , Chen Shuiming , Klein Patrice , Ubelmann Clement , Fu Lee-Lueng , Sasaki Hideharu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUtilizing the framework of effective surface quasigeostrophic (eSQG) theory, this study explores the potential of reconstructing the 3D upper-ocean circulation structures, including the balanced vertical velocity w field, from high-resolution sea surface height (SSH) data of the planned Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission. Specifically, the authors utilize the 1/30°, submesoscale-resolving, OFES model output and subject it to the SWOT simulator that generates the along-swath SSH data with expected measurement errors. Focusing on the Kuroshio Extension region in the North Pacific where regional Rossby numbers range from 0.22 to 0.32, this study finds that the eSQG dynamics constitute an effective framework for reconstructing the 3D upper-ocean circulation field. Using the modeled SSH data as input, the eSQG-reconstructed relative vorticity ζ and w fields are found to reach a correlation of 0.7–0.9 and 0.6–0.7, respectively, in the 1000-m upper ocean when compared to the original model output. Degradation due to the SWOT sampling and measurement errors in the input SSH data for the ζ and w reconstructions is found to be moderate, 5%–25% for the 3D ζ field and 15%–35% for the 3D w field. There exists a tendency for this degradation ratio to decrease in regions where the regional eddy variability (or Rossby number) increases.
Statin Use With the ATP III Guidelines Compared to the 2013 ACC/AHA Guidelines in HIV Primary Care Patients
Authors: Elsamadisi Pansy , Cha Agnes , Kim Elise , Latif Safia 
Published: January 2016

Background: The 2013 Cholesterol Guidelines include a new atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk calculator that determines the 10-year risk of coronary heart disease and/or stroke. The applicability of this calculator and its predecessor, the Framingham risk score (FRS) in Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III, has been limited in patients with HIV. The objective of this study was to compare the risk scores of ASCVD and FRS in the initiation of statin therapy in patients with HIV. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with HIV on statin therapy from October 1, 2013, to April 1, 2014. Data collection included patient demographics, pertinent laboratory test results, and medication list. The primary end point evaluated the level of agreement between the guidelines. Results: Of 155 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 116 were treated similarly with both guidelines. This showed a moderate level of agreement ( P < .001). Forty-eight of 86 patients requiring statins were placed on the correct intensity statin using the 2013 guidelines. Regardless of which guideline, a majority of patients required statin therapy. Conclusion: A moderate agreement was found between both guidelines in terms of statin use when applied to an HIV patient population. Based on the 2013 guidelines and taking into account drug interactions with antiretrovirals, 44.2% of the patients were treated with an incorrect statin intensity.
Association of systemic lupus erythematosus and sleep disorders: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Chung W-S , Lin C-L , Kao C-H 
Published: January 2016

Objective Using a population-based cohort study, we investigated whether sleep disorders (SDs) increase the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients and methods We identified patients with SDs and a control cohort from 1998–2001 by using the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. Two controls for each patient with an SD were selected and randomly frequency-matched according to age, gender, and index year. The follow-up person–years were estimated for the patients from the index date to SLE diagnosis, loss to follow-up, or the end of 31 December 2011. We used the Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate how SDs influence the risk of SLE after adjustments for demographic factors and comorbidities. Results A total of 144,396 subjects (48,132 SD cases and 96,264 controls) were followed for 1,477,055 person–years. The patients with SDs displayed higher incidence density rate of developing SLE than did the controls (1.03 vs 0.46 per 10,000 person–years). After adjustment for covariates, the patients with SDs exhibited a 2.20-fold higher adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of developing SLE than the controls (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.44–3.36). Women exhibited a greater prevalence of SDs and SLE compared to men. Patients with SDs aged 49 years and younger exhibited a significantly increased risk of SLE compared to the controls (aHR=2.30, 95% CI = 1.33–3.98). Patients with SDs living in urban areas exhibited a significantly increased risk of SLE. Conclusion This large population-based cohort study revealed that SDs increase the risk of SLE development.
Biosocial Research in Social Work Journals
Authors: Maynard Brandy R. , Boutwell Brian B. , Vaughn Michael G. , Naeger Sandra , Dell Nathaniel 
Published: January 2016

Background: Despite an emphasis on a biopsychosocial understanding of human behavior and the relevance of biosocial research to social work practice, it is unclear whether social work is contributing to biosocial research and knowledge. Methods: Systematic review procedures were employed to locate studies that included biological variables (e.g., genetic or physiological factors) related to behavior and were published in a social work journal between 2000 and 2015. Seventy-five social work journals were searched. Studies were screened and coded by two independent reviewers. Results: Eleven studies were eligible for this review; one was a behavior genetics study, two were molecular genetics studies, two were neurological studies, and six studies examined physiological factors such as skin conductance and salivary cortisol. Discussion: Findings suggest that social work as a discipline is not contributing new knowledge to advance the “bio” component of the biopsychosocial framework. Implications and recommendations are discussed.
‘We are dealing with it the best we can’: Exploring parents’ attributions regarding their child’s physical disability using the ‘Four Ws’ framework
Authors: Zschorn Melissa , Shute Rosalyn 
Published: January 2016

Background: When a child has a disability, parents’ adaptation has traditionally been viewed in negative terms (e.g. grief and stress). However, recent research suggests that parents’ adaptation is determined by their appraisals of their situation, both positive and negative. It would be valuable for clinicians to have a conceptual framework for exploring such cognitions. Aims: This study aimed, first, to devise an attribution theory–based framework for understanding parental cognitions and, second, to examine its usefulness for analysing the appraisals of parents through a qualitative study. Methods: A wide-ranging review of literature on cognitions, particularly attribution theory, was used to devise the ‘Four Ws’ framework: What is the problem? Who is to blame? Why did it happen? When? This was used as a scaffold to organise the data from semi-structured interviews with 36 parents of young children with physical disabilities. Results: The framework proved robust, with a range of subthemes emerging through thematic analysis. Additional themes also emerged, for example, about emotions. Conclusion: The Four Ws framework provides a potential tool for clinicians working with parents of children with disabilities, both to guide general conversations when the child’s needs are the main focus and for more in-depth clinical work with struggling parents.
CD146/MCAM defines functionality of human bone marrow stromal stem cell populations
Authors: Harkness Linda , Zaher Walid , Ditzel Nicholas , Isa Adiba , Kassem Moustapha 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of surface markers for prospective isolation of functionally homogenous populations of human skeletal (stromal, mesenchymal) stem cells (hMSCs) is highly relevant for cell therapy protocols. Thus, we examined the possible use of CD146 to subtype a heterogeneous hMSC population.MethodsUsing flow cytometry and cell sorting, we isolated two distinct hMSC-CD146+and hMSC-CD146−cell populations from the telomerized human bone marrow-derived stromal cell line (hMSC-TERT). Cells were examined for differences in their size, shape and texture by using high-content analysis and additionally for their ability to differentiate toward osteogenesisin vitroand form bonein vivo, and their migrational abilityin vivoandin vitrowas investigated.ResultsIn vitro, the two cell populations exhibited similar growth rate and differentiation capacity to osteoblasts and adipocytes on the basis of gene expression and protein production of lineage-specific markers.In vivo, hMSC-CD146+and hMSC-CD146−cells formed bone and bone marrow organ when implanted subcutaneously in immune-deficient mice. Bone was enriched in hMSC-CD146−cells (12.6 % versus 8.1 %) and bone marrow elements enriched in implants containing hMSC-CD146+cells (0.5 % versus 0.05 %). hMSC-CD146+cells exhibited greater chemotactic attraction in a transwell migration assay and, when injected intravenously into immune-deficient mice following closed femoral fracture, exhibited wider tissue distribution and significantly increased migration ability as demonstrated by bioluminescence imaging.ConclusionOur studies demonstrate that CD146 defines a subpopulation of hMSCs capable of bone formation andin vivotrans-endothelial migration and thus represents a population of hMSCs suitable for use in clinical protocols of bone tissue regeneration.
Targeting polo‐like kinase 1, a regulator of p53, in the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Bussey Kimberly J. , Bapat Aditi , Linnehan Claire , Wandoloski Melissa , Dastrup Erica , Rogers Erik , Gonzales Paul , Demeure Michael J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive cancer with a 5 year survival rate of 20–30 %. Various factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ACC including dysregulation of the G2/M transition and aberrant activity of p53 and MDM2. Polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK‐1) negatively modulates p53 functioning, promotes MDM2 activity through its phosphorylation, and is involved in the G2/M transition. Gene expression profiling of 44 ACC samples showed that increased expression of PLK‐1 in 29 % of ACC. Consequently, we examined PLK‐1's role in the modulation of the p53 signaling pathway in adrenocortical cancer.MethodsWe used siRNA knock down PLK‐1 and pharmacological inhibition of PLK‐1 and MDM2 ACC cell lines SW‐13 and H295R. We examined viability, protein expression, p53 transactivation, and induction of apoptosis.ResultsKnocking down expression of PLK‐1 with siRNA or inhibition of PLK‐1 by a small molecule inhibitor, BI‐2536, resulted in a loss of viability of up to 70 % in the ACC cell lines H295R and SW‐13. In xenograft models, BI‐2536 demonstrated marked inhibition of growth of SW‐13 with less inhibition of H295R. BI‐2536 treatment resulted in a decrease in mutant p53 protein in SW‐13 cells but had no effect on wild‐type p53 protein levels in H295R cells. Additionally, inhibition of PLK‐1 restored wild‐type p53's transactivation and apoptotic functions in H295R cells, while these functions of mutant p53 were restored only to a smaller extent. Furthermore, inhibition of MDM2 with nutlin‐3 reduced the viability of both the ACC cells and also reactivated wild‐type p53′s apoptotic function. Inhibition of PLK‐1 sensitized the ACC cell lines to MDM2 inhibition and this dual inhibition resulted in an additive apoptotic response in H295R cells with wild‐type p53.ConclusionsThese preclinical studies suggest that targeting p53 through PLK‐1 is an attractive chemotherapy strategy warranting further investigation in adrenocortical cancer.