bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students’ Perception on Formative and Shared Assessment: Connecting two Universities through the Blogosphere
Authors: Martos-Garcia Daniel , Usabiaga Oidui , Valencia-Peris Alexandra 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in physical education students’ perception on an educational innovation based on formative and peer assessment through the blogosphere. The sample was made up of 253 students from two Spanish universities. Data was collected using a self-reported questionnaire and t tests were employed in order to find differences among students’ groups. Results show significant differences in almost all of the items on which the students were questioned. Basque students were more satisfied with the assessment tool used than the Valencian students. Students found the blogosphere more active, meaningful, functional and motivating and that it made for collaborative learning in comparison to other traditional evaluation methods. They also showed disapproval related to the demands on attendance, continuity and the greater effort required. For future occasions, negotiation about assessment criteria with the students should be implemented right at the very start of the course.
Reggio Emilia: An Essential Tool to Develop Critical Thinking in Early Childhood
Authors: Fernández Santín Mercè , Feliu Torruella Maria 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We seem to have a problem in arts education at pre-school level: the lack of specific training for teachers teaching this subject to very young children. The future preschool teachers’ training seems to be focused on the teaching and learning aspects of artistic education however they receive little training on methodologies and philosophies. Therefore, when teachers have to face the classroom, the methodologies they use are usually quite traditional and do not favour the development of critical thinking skills in the students. There are different philosophies of arts education that might embed opportunities for reflection, art interpretation, experimentation, expression of emotions and feelings that if, in the case these philosophies, reach the classroom, may doubtlessly enrich the student’s artistic training. Thus a conceptual framework based on one of these philosophies, named Reggio Emilia, arises. A systematic review of the literature which has been developed by categorising criteria from research papers and from examples of good practices. This categorisation might allow us to establish a framework that can be useful in the classrooms and can establish parameters of action that may have an impact on students, teachers and teachers’ practice in general.
Regional amplification of projected changes in extreme temperatures strongly controlled by soil moisture‐temperature feedbacks
Authors: Vogel M. M. , Orth R. , Cheruy F. , Hagemann S. , Lorenz R. , van den Hurk B. J. J. M. , Seneviratne S. I. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRegional hot extremes are projected to increase more strongly than global mean temperature, with substantially larger changes than 2°C even if global warming is limited to this level. We investigate the role of soil moisture‐temperature feedbacks for this response based on multimodel experiments for the 21st century with either interactive or fixed (late 20th century mean seasonal cycle) soil moisture. We analyze changes in the hottest days in each year in both sets of experiments, relate them to the global mean temperature increase, and investigate processes leading to these changes. We find that soil moisture‐temperature feedbacks significantly contribute to the amplified warming of the hottest days compared to that of global mean temperature. This contribution reaches more than 70% in Central Europe and Central North America. Soil moisture trends are more important for this response than short‐term soil moisture variability. These results are relevant for reducing uncertainties in regional temperature projections.
Cosmogenic 26Al/10Be surface production ratio in Greenland
Authors: Corbett Lee B. , Bierman Paul R. , Rood Dylan H. , Caffee Marc W. , Lifton Nathaniel A. , Woodruff Thomas E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe assumed value for the cosmogenic 26Al/10Be surface production rate ratio in quartz is an important parameter for studies investigating the burial or subaerial erosion of long‐lived surfaces and sediments. Recent models and data suggest that the production ratio is spatially variable and may be greater than originally thought. Here we present measured 26Al/10Be ratios for 24 continuously exposed bedrock and boulder surfaces spanning ~61–77°N in Greenland. Empirical measurements, such as ours, include nuclides produced predominately by neutron‐induced spallation with percent‐level contributions by muon interactions. The slope of a York regression line fit to our data is 7.3 ± 0.3 (1σ), suggesting that the 26Al/10Be surface production ratio exceeds the commonly used value of 6.75, at least in the Arctic. A higher 26Al/10Be production ratio has implications for multinuclide cosmogenic isotope studies because it results in greater modeled burial durations and erosion rates.
A Unique Genetically Encoded FRET Pair in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Mitchell Amanda L. , Addy Partha Sarathi , Chin Melissa A. , Chatterjee Abhishek 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFörster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two suitable fluorophores is a powerful tool to monitor dynamic changes in protein structure in vitro and in vivo. The ability to genetically encode a FRET pair represents a convenient “labeling‐free” strategy to incorporate them into target protein(s). Currently, the only genetically encoded FRET pairs available for use in mammalian cells use fluorescent proteins. However, their large size can lead to unfavorable perturbations, particularly when two are used at the same time. Additionally, fluorescent proteins are largely restricted to a terminal attachment to the target, which might not be optimal. Here, we report the development of an alternative genetically encoded FRET pair in mammalian cells that circumvents these challenges by taking advantage of a small genetically encoded fluorescent unnatural amino acid as the donor and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as the acceptor. The small size of Anap relative to fluorescent proteins, and the ability to co‐translationally incorporate it into internal sites on the target protein, endows this novel FRET pair with improved versatility over its counterparts that rely upon two fluorescent proteins.
Eagle syndrome
Authors: Baba Akira , Okuyama Yumi , Ojiri Hiroya , Nakajima Tsuneya 
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical MessageAlthough rare, Eagle syndrome should be always considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with chronic orofacial pain refractory to conventional treatments. Treatment is surgery and exeresis of the styloid process via a transoral or cervical approach depending on clinical and radiological features.
The role of guilt sensitivity in OCD symptom dimensions
Authors: Melli Gabriele , Carraresi Claudia , Poli Andrea , Marazziti Donatella , Pinto Antonio 
Published: January 2017

Although some studies have found that guilt may precede, motivate, or be a consequence of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), the relationship between guilt and OCD has been under investigated. The studies that explored the role of trait guilt (guilt propensity) in OCD reported inconsistent findings and failed to support its predictive role. Since it has been suggested that OCD patients perceive guilt in a more threatening manner, it might also be relevant to test to what extent they negatively evaluate the experience of guilt (i.e., guilt sensitivity; GS). Study 1 investigated the psychometric properties of a new 10‐item Italian measure developed to assess GS—named Guilt Sensitivity Questionnaire—in a nonclinical sample (N = 473). Results from exploratory factor analyses supported the unidimensionality of the scale. It also showed excellent internal consistency and good discriminant validity. Study 2 investigated the role of GS in OCD symptoms, in particular with regard to responsibility for harm obsessions and checking compulsions, using a heterogeneous OCD sample (N = 61) and a control group of patients with anxiety disorders (N = 47). GS was the unique significant predictor of checking related OCD symptoms independent of negative mood states and obsessive beliefs. Guilt Sensitivity Questionnaire scores of patients with responsibility for harm concerns were significantly higher than those of patients with other kinds of obsessive concerns and with anxiety disorders. Findings supported the hypothesis that GS plays a relevant role in OCD symptoms when checking rituals are primarily involved. Implications for current cognitive behavioral models are discussed.Key practitioner message:Guilt sensitivity may play a role in checking‐related OCD symptoms.We developed a psychometrically sound unidimensional 10‐item scale to assess guilt sensitivity.Guilt sensitivity was a unique predictor of checking‐related OCD symptoms.Targeting beliefs about the intolerability/dangerousness of experiencing guilt may be useful.Acceptance‐based approaches may be helpful as they promote the acceptance of guilt.
Invasive termites in a changing climate: A global perspective
Authors: Buczkowski Grzegorz , Bertelsmeier Cleo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTermites are ubiquitous insects in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions and play an important role in ecosystems. Several termite species are also significant economic pests, mainly in urban areas where they attack human‐made structures, but also in natural forest habitats. Worldwide, approximately 28 termite species are considered invasive and have spread beyond their native ranges, often with significant economic consequences. We used predictive climate modeling to provide the first global risk assessment for 13 of the world's most invasive termites. We modeled the future distribution of 13 of the most serious invasive termite species, using two different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, and two projection years (2050 and 2070). Our results show that all but one termite species are expected to significantly increase in their global distribution, irrespective of the climatic scenario and year. The range shifts by species (shift vectors) revealed a complex pattern of distributional changes across latitudes rather than simple poleward expansion. Mapping of potential invasion hotspots in 2050 under the RCP 4.5 scenario revealed that the most suitable areas are located in the tropics. Substantial parts of all continents had suitable environmental conditions for more than four species simultaneously. Mapping of changes in the number of species revealed that areas that lose many species (e.g., parts of South America) are those that were previously very species‐rich, contrary to regions such as Europe that were overall not among the most important invasion hotspots, but that showed a great increase in the number of potential invaders. The substantial economic and ecological damage caused by invasive termites is likely to increase in response to climate change, increased urbanization, and accelerating economic globalization, acting singly or interactively.
Natural history, population dynamics, and habitat use of humpback whales over 30 years on an Alaska feeding ground
Authors: Gabriele Christine M. , Neilson Janet L. , Straley Janice M. , Baker C. Scott , Cedarleaf Jennifer A. , Saracco James F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe rigorous program of monitoring humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), implemented by Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve in 1985, augmented by additional data collected in southeastern Alaska since 1968, constitutes one of the longest studies of living whales in the world. This monitoring program, now a National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring Program Vital Sign, employed consistent methods for summer surveys from 1985 to 2014 to document the number of whales and gather longitudinal records on individuals in Glacier Bay and Icy Strait. Survey effort averaged 355.4 h/yr (SD = 45.8), resulting in 9485 encounters with 662 individual whales, including 276 calves. The population increased at a rate of 5.1%/yr, from 41 individuals in 1985 to 239 individuals in 2013, primarily due to long‐term site fidelity and local recruitment. We documented sighting histories of >30 yr in southeastern Alaska, for 54 whales, including one 45‐yr sighting history. Almost half of the whales first identified as calves returned in subsequent years, at a mean age of 3.2 yr (SE = 0.28, range = 1–17 yr). Over 75% of females had their first calf by age 13. The maximum female reproductive span was 32 yr, and the maximum number of calves was 11. We estimated mean effective calving rate with a simple ratio and used logistic regression to estimate calving probability. Both methods resulted in similar maximal estimates that were somewhat lower than previously published values for this species: 0.324 (95% CL: 0.28–0.36) calves·female−1·yr−1 vs. calving probability of 0.319 (95% CL: 0.29–0.35). Minimal estimates, in which the first calf of each known‐aged female was omitted, were 0.302 (95% CL: 0.27–0.34) calves·mature female−1·yr−1 vs. calving probability of 0.305 (95% CL: 0.27–0.34) calves·mature female−1·yr−1. This monitoring program has guided Park management actions and documented this once critically endangered population's trajectory toward recovery, often through collaboration with other agencies and organizations, fostering the continued protection and understanding of this distinctive species. Our findings highlight the value of marine protected areas for migratory species with strong seasonal site fidelity and the role of long‐term monitoring in interpreting population‐level responses to changing marine ecosystems.
The effects of forest litter on snow energy budget in the Tianshan Mountains, China
Authors: Lu Heng , Liu Ming‐Zhe , Han Xi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractForest litter exerts an impact on the energy budget of snow surfaces, which lie beneath forest canopies. In this study, we measured shortwave and longwave radiation levels, as well as quantities of Asian spruce (Picea schrenkinan) forest litter, over 3 snow study plots that representing an open environment, 20% forest canopy openness (20% FCO), and 80% forest canopy openness (80% FCO). The fractional litter coverage (lc) was obtained through the binarization of digital photographs of forest litter. The effects of forest litter on snow surface albedo (α), snow surface temperature (Ts), upward shortwave and longwave radiation (K↑ and L↑), and sensible heat flux (H) were then analyzed. According to our results, the energy budget over snow surface influenced by forest litter principally due to forest litter forcing α decrease and Ts increase. The effects of forest litter on the energy budget increased with time and lc. We found that forest litter exerted the most significant impact on K↑ and L↑ at daytime during the latter stages of the snowmelt period. The influence of forest litter on H was more apparent on windy days. The presence of forest litter increased gains in shortwave radiation and losses in longwave radiation and decreased gains in H. Compared to the simulated energy (K↑ + L↑ + H) over a snow surface without litter, the calculated energy decreased by −13.4 W/m2 and increased by 9.0 W/m2, respectively, at the 20% FCO and 80% FCO sites during the latter stages of the snowmelt period. Overall, forest litter facilitated snow surface energy gains at the 80% FCO site and impeded them at the 20% FCO site during the latter stages of the snowmelt period.
A preoperative and intraoperative scoring system to predict nodal metastasis in endometrial cancer
Authors: Teixeira Andressa M.S. , Ribeiro Reitan , Schmeler Kathleen M. , Herzog Thomas J. , Nicolau Sergio M. , Marques Renato M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a scoring system that guides surgical decision‐making regarding the need to perform lymphadenectomy.MethodsA retrospective study was performed of patients who underwent complete surgical staging of endometrial cancer between 2003 and 2014 at three centers in Brazil. Preoperative and intraoperative risk factors were used to develop a scoring system to predict lymph node metastasis.ResultsAmong 329 patients included, 71 (21.6%) had positive lymph nodes and 259 (78.4%) had negative lymph nodes. The characteristics associated with nodal metastasis in univariate analysis included the level of cancer antigen 125 (P<0.001), preoperative histological grade (P<0.001), endometrial thickness (P=0.012), and pathologic features including tumor size (P<0.001), tumor extension (P<0.001), and lower uterine segment involvement (P<0.001). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, tumor grade, tumor extension, and lower uterine segment involvement remained significantly associated. The resulting scoring system showed good accuracy as demonstrated by an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.858 (95% confidence interval 0.804–0.913).ConclusionA highly accurate scoring system for the prediction of lymph node metastasis was developed on the basis of three preoperative and intraoperative risk factors. After validation, this model could greatly aid clinicians in the surgical management of endometrial cancer.
Transmission electron microscopy method providing high resolution in the cell section without radiation damage
Authors: Prachař Jarmil 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSeveral new features of mitochondrial nucleoid and its surroundings in mammalian cells were described previously (Prachař, 2016). Very small details were observed using the improved transmission electron microscopy method, as described in the article. In the meantime, the method has again been improved to 2 Å resolutions in the cell section. The method described in detail in the present work is documented on the same records that were published in lower resolution in the work Prachař (2016), enabling comparison of the achieved resolution with the previous one. New records are also presented, showing extremely high resolution and thus implying the importance of the method. Potential use of this method in different fields is suggested.
Climate and topographic controls on snow cover dynamics in the Hindu Kush Himalaya
Authors: Gurung Deo Raj , Maharjan Sudan Bikash , Shrestha Anu Bhalu , Shrestha Mandira Singh , Bajracharya Sagar Ratna , Murthy M. S. R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTSnow governs interaction between atmospheric and land surface processes in high mountains, and is also source of fresh water. It is thus important to both climate scientists and local communities. However, our understanding of snow cover dynamics in terms of space and time is limited across the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region, which is known to be a climatically sensitive region. We used MODIS snow cover area (SCA) data (2003–2012), APHRODITE temperature data (2000–2007), and monthly long term in‐situ river discharge data of the Gandaki (1968–2010), Koshi (1977–2010) and Manas (1987–2004) basins to analyse variations among four basins. We gained insights into short term SCA and temperature, long term discharge trends, and regional variability thereby. Strong correlations were observed among SCA, temperature and discharge thereby highlighting the strong nexus between them. Temporal and spatial snow cover variability across the basins is strongly coupled with the variability of two weather systems: Western Disturbances (WD) and Indian Monsoon System (IMS), and strongly influenced by topography. Manifestation of these variability in terms if downstream discharge can have repercussion to water based sectors: hydropower and agriculture, as low flow seasons is seen affected. This study adds to our knowledge of snow fall and melt dynamics in the HKH region, and intra‐annual snow melt contributions to downstream discharges. The study is limited by short span of data and it is desirable to perform a similar study using data representing a much longer time span.
Remote Laser Welding of Steel and Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Albert Florian , Marben Philip , Graham Tom 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRemote laser welded fillet and I‐seams at overlapped metal sheets are important joints for body‐in‐white production. Under ideal conditions such joints can be created in a welding‐friendly PA (flat) position with a zero‐gap between the parts. In Fig. 1, an example of a fillet welding process incl. a cross section of a typical weld seam at an aluminum door is shown.
North American Population‐Based Validation of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Practice Guideline Recommendation of Pelvic Lymphadenectomy in Contemporary Prostate Cancer
Authors: Leyh‐Bannurah Sami‐Ramzi , Budäus Lars , Pompe Raisa , Zaffuto Emanuele , Briganti Alberto , Abdollah Firas , Montorsi Francesco , Schiffmann Jonas , Menon Mani , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Fisch Margit , Chun Felix , Huland Hartwig , Graefen Markus , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend a pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) if a nomogram predicted risk of lymph node invasion (LNI) is ≥2%. We examined this and other thresholds, including nomogram validation.METHODS. We examined records of 26,713 patients treated with RP and PLND between 2010 and 2013, within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Nomogram thresholds of 2–5% were tested and external validation was performed.RESULTS. LNI was recorded in 4.7% of patients. Nomogram accuracy was 80.4% and maintained minimum accuracy of 75.6% in subgroup analyses, according to age, race, and nodal yield >10. With the NCCN recommended 2% nomogram threshold, PLND could be avoided in 22.3% of patients at the expense of missing 3.0% of individuals with LNI. Alternative thresholds of 3%, 4%, and 5% yielded respective PLND avoidance rates of 60.4%, 71.0%, and 79.8% at the expense of missing 17.8%, 27.2%, and 36.6% of patients with LNI. NCCN cut‐off recommendation was best satisfied with a threshold of <2.6%, at which PLND could be avoided in 13,234 patients (49.5%) versus missing 141 patients with LNI (11.2%).CONCLUSION. NCCN LNI nomogram remains accurate in contemporary patients. However, the 2% threshold appears to be too strict, since only 22.3% of PLNDs can be avoided, instead of the stipulated 47.7%. The optimal 2.6% threshold allows a higher rate of PLND avoidance (49.5%), at the cost of 11.2% missed instances of LNI, as recommended by NCCN guidelines.PATIENT SUMMARY. External validation in contemporary SEER prostate cancer patients showed that the NCCN nomogram remains accurate for predicting lymph node invasion and seems to be optimal at an alternative 2.6% threshold, with best ratio of avoided pelvic lymph node dissections (49.5%) and missed LNIs (11.2%), as recommended by NCCN guideline. Prostate 77:542–548, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.