bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NATURAL FEED (ROTIFER) MANAGEMENT ON ORANGE SPOTTED GROUPER Epinephelus coioides LARVAL REARING
Authors: Aslianti Titiek , Setyadi Irwan 
Published: October 2017

<p><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p> <p><em>A</em><em>ccording to Indonesian Standard Quality</em><em>, t</em><em>he optimal</em><em> seed </em><em>production of orange spotted grouper (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Epinephelus</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">coioides</span>)<strong> </strong>has been unsuccessful due to </em><em>the </em><em>problem</em><em>s occurred</em><em> during larval rearing period. </em><em>Efforts</em><em> on mass rearing of larvae has been carried out in this study to optimize the natural feeding (rotifer). </em><em>The </em><em>purpose</em><em> of this research </em><em>wa</em><em>s to </em><em>obtain</em><em> the information about an appropriate duration time for </em><em>natural</em><em> feeding (rotifer) to produce higher survival rate. The treatment for providing rotifers on larvae (days after hatching/DAH) i.e., (A) 20 days, (B) 25 days, (C) 30 days, and (D) 35 days. Rotifers were enriched with DHA Selco. Experiment used fiber </em><em>tanks with </em><em>1 m<sup>3 </sup>capacity with a</em><em> completely randomized design</em><em> (CRD) and three replicates. The larvae was reared to achieve the juvenile phase (D-45). The best results from 1 m<sup>3</sup> tanks were then reared using concrete tanks of 6 m<sup>3</sup> and 10 m<sup>3</sup> capacities. The results showed that feeding of rotifers up to 25 DAH larvae on fiber tanks (1 m<sup>3</sup>) produced the hughest survival rate (7.63 %). Meanwhile, the mass reared in 6 m<sup>3</sup> and 10 m<sup>3</sup> concrete tanks produced survival rate of 4.9</em><em>±</em><em>3,54</em><em>% and 8.8</em><em>±</em><em>2.26%, respectively. The</em><em> </em><em>homogenous</em><em> size</em><em> was relatively high (80%) and the seed </em><em>abnormality was relatively low (0.4%). </em><em></em></p> <p> </p> <strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>rotifers</em><em>, feeding time, Orange Spotted grouper larvae, Epinephelus coioides</em>
IMPROVEMENT IN NUMBER AND QUALITY PRODUCTION OF SEED GROUPER FISH BY NATURAL FEED ENRICHMENT
Authors: Ismi Suko , Asih Yasmina Nirmala 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>A</em><em>BSTRACT</em></p> <p><em>Some researches on grouper seed production have been conducted and their results have been adopted by the farmer. Currently, grouper seeds for mariculture purposes can be provided from hatchery. However, seed abnormality is still the major problem in the hatchery. Therefore, an improvement for survival rate and quality of grouper seed production is very important. The aim of this study was to improve the production and reduce the abnormalities on grouper seed stock through enrichment of larvae feed (rotifer and artemia) with DHA and EPA, Vitamin and Calcium. The larvae of humpback grouper (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Cromileptes</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">altivelis</span>) were reared with and without enrichment. The experiment were held in concrete tank with volume of 10 m<sup>3</sup> filled with sea water 7-8 m<sup>3</sup>. Grouper eggs were stocked at a density of 10 eggs/l, larval were reared until the juvenile age of 45 days. Treatment were repeated three times. The data was analysed with descriptive statistic. The results showed that </em><em>humpback</em><em> grouper larvae reared with enriched rotifers and artemia produced better survival rate (26.81%), lower seed abnormality (26.10%), and better percentage of bigger size of seeds with grade A (20.3 %), B (39.2%), and C (40.5%). Meanwhile, treatment without feed enrichment produced lower survival rate (17.57%), higher abnormality (40.20%), and lower percentage of big size of seeds with grade A (9.7%), B (26.0%), and C (64.3%).</em></p> <p><em> </em></p> <em>Keywords</em>:<strong> <em>groupers, </em></strong><strong><em>quality, enrichment, improvement, production</em></strong>
WATER MASSES CHARACTERISTICS AT THE SANGHIE TALAUD ENTRY PASSAGE OF INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW USING INDEX SATAL DATA 2010
Authors: Radjawane Ivonne M , Hadipoetranto Paundra P 
Published: October 2017

<p><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p> <p><em>Measurement of ocean physical param</em><em>eter</em><em>s using the CTD was conducted by </em><em>deep water expedition </em><em>INDEX-SATAL 2010 (Indonesian Expedition Sangihe-Talaud) in July-August 2010. Th</em><em>e</em><em> </em><em>aim of this </em><em>study wa</em><em>s to</em><em> determine the characteristics of water masses around the Sangihe Talaud Water where the</em><em>re </em><em>wa</em><em>s an entry passage of </em><em> Indonesian throughflow (ITF) </em><em>at</em><em> </em><em>the </em><em>west </em><em>path</em><em>way that passed through the </em><em>primary</em><em> pathway i.e., </em><em>the Sulawesi</em><em> Sea and Makassar Strait and the secondary pathway (east pathway) that passed through the Halmahera Sea. The analyses were performed by the method of the core layer and was processed with software Ocean Data View (ODV). The results showed that in the Sangihe Talaud waters there was a meeting water masses from the North Pacific and the South Pacific. The water mass characteristics in main pathway through the Sulawesi Sea was dominated by surface and intermediate North Pacific water masses and carried by the Mindanao Currents. While the Halmahera Sea water mass was dominated by surface and intermediate South Pacific water masses carried by the New Guinea Coastal Current that moved along the Papua New Guinea and Papua coast enters to the Halmahera Sea. </em></p> <p><em> </em></p> <p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Index-Satal 2010, Northern Pacific Water Mass</em><em>es</em><em>, Southern Pacific Water </em></p> <em> Masses, Sangihe Talaud</em>
DYNAMICS OF SPATIAL ABUNDANCE OF ZOOPLANKTON IN MORELLA COASTAL WATERS, CENTRAL MALUKU
Authors: Mulyadi Hanung Agus , Radjab Abdul Wahab 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>T</em><em>he dynamics abundance of zooplankton in Morella coastal waters is poorly known</em><em>.</em><em>The purpose of this study was to detemine the abundance of zooplankton in Morella coastal waters during Southeast Monsoon</em>. <em>This research was conducted in August 2011. Plankton samples were collected from five stations, by NORPAC net that was vertically hauled from 10 meter depth up to the surface (except in Station 5, less than 10 m). The result showed that composition of zooplankton in Morella </em><em>consisted of</em><em> 43 taxa of zooplankton (33 taxa </em><em>of</em><em> holoplankton</em><em> and</em><em> 10 taxa </em><em>of </em><em>meroplankton). Total abundance of zooplankton </em><em>was </em><em>between 752</em><em> and </em><em>1050 ind/m<sup>3 </sup>(average 890</em>±<em>128</em> <em>ind/m<sup>3</sup></em>), <em>which was dominated by Copepods (53.70%)</em>. <em>The abundace of the Copepods </em><em>was </em><em>between</em><em> </em><em>368</em><em> and </em><em>742 ind/m<sup>3</sup> (average 481±153 ind/m<sup>3</sup>). Copepods </em><em>that typically found in </em><em>coastal </em><em>water </em><em>may </em><em>have higher </em><em>tolerant </em><em>on</em><em> oceanograph</em><em>ic</em><em> factors</em><em> than one that typically found in oceanic water</em><em>. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Sagitta</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">enflata</span> was identified as the most abundant, followed by <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Oncaea</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">sp</span> </em>and <em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Acrocalanus</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">gibber</span></em>.<em> Echinoderms larvae </em><em>we</em><em>re abundant in the pluteus stage (8 arms)</em><em> indicated</em><em> that spawning process occur</em><em>red</em><em> in </em><em>August</em><em>. </em><em>The Bray-Curtis clustering</em><em> analys</em><em>es showed that in station 4 there were six different species zooplankton indentified in this location.</em></p> <p> </p> <strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>structure community, copepods, meroplankton, chaetoghnata, Morella</em>
WAVE PROPAGATION AND RESIDUAL CURRENT OF TIDE IN MAYALIBIT BAY: 2D HYDRODYNAMICS MODEL OF TIDE
Authors: Budiman Asep Sandra , Koropitan Alan F. , Nurjaya I Wayan 
Published: October 2017

<em>Study on tidal waves and residual currents in Mayalibit Bay was conducted by constructing the 2D numerical hydrodynamics to find the characteristics of tide and residual currents inside the Bay. The 2D hydrodynamic equations with non-linier terms were solved by finite difference methods explicitly. M2 and K1 wave propagations were observed and analyzed at 25 observation points. M2 and K1 residual currents were obtained and described spatially. Simulation results of tidal currents were validated with field measurements. The validation result showed that the tidal currents between the model results and field measurements were quite fit. Generally, simulation results showed the significant differences between the tide inside and outside the Bay. This was strongly explained by the simulation results of M2 and K1 wave propagations. The M2 and K1 amplitudes were 10 times lower inside than outside the Bay with the phase lags of about 180°(M2) and 160°(K1). This result indicated that the tide inside and outside the Bay were in the opposite conditions. The tide had an ebb inside while the flood was outside and vice versa. M2 residual currents was flowed into the Bay uniformly, while K1 residual currents flowed out to the open sea in the Northern part and it flowed into the Bay in the Southern part of the Bay. Eventually, both of them converged in the middle of the Bay.</em> <p><em> </em></p> <strong><em>Keywords</em></strong>: <em>tide, tide-induced residual current, numerical method</em>
SURVIVAL AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF MOON-EYED SNAIL (Turbo chrysostumus L.) ON DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS
Authors: Hamzah M. S. 
Published: October 2017

<p><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Turbo</span></em><em> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">chrysostumus</span> is commonly known by fishermen community as moon-eyed snail and has common names of yellow-mouth turban </em><em>or</em><em> gold-mouth turban. These biota live in rocky beach and coral reefs </em><em>surface filled with alga.</em><em> </em><em>T</em><em>hey are </em><em>also </em><em>easily collected and </em><em>used for </em><em>high nutritive food for coastal villagers. The </em><em>study of </em><em>surviv</em><em>al</em><em> and growth of turbo youngsters in relation with </em><em>different </em><em>temperature is </em><em>very limited</em><em>. This study was done in January 5 – May 4, 2015 in the laboratory with the objective of observing the effect of optimum temperature range on their survival and growth. </em><em>Based on </em><em>ANOVA </em><em>statistical analyses, the </em><em>temperature had significsant eff</em><em>e</em><em>ct on the survival of the turbo youngsters (p&lt;0.05). “Honest Significant Difference” test revealed that control temperature (P1), 26±0.5°C (P2)</em><em>,</em><em> and 28±0.5°C (P3) </em><em>produced a</em><em> significantly different effect on the survival compared with that in 30±0.5°C (P4). Higher growth rate was recorded in 26±0.5°C balanced with high food consumability. The </em><em>relationship </em><em>analysis of height</em><em> shell-weight</em><em> </em><em>of wet body </em><em>in all treatments indicated similar pattern</em><em> of </em><em>minor allometric (b&lt;3).</em></p> <p><em> </em></p> <strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> survival, growth, moon-eyed snail (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Turbo</span></em> <em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">chrysostumus</span> L.), temperature </em>
TIDAL RANGE CALCULATION BASED ON THE LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE SAMA ETHNIC GROUP IN THE EASTERN INDONESIA
Authors: Salnuddin . , Nurjaya I Wayan , Jaya Indra , Natih Nyoman M.N. 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>The </em><em>S</em><em>am</em><em>a</em><em> ethnic group </em><em>(Bajo) is </em><em>well known as </em><em>“I</em><em>ndonesian marine people”</em><em> that dominantly spreaded</em><em> </em><em>in </em><em>coast</em><em>al region</em><em> </em><em>of eastern Indonesian</em><em> region. Their activities have been adapting with the territorial water as shown in </em><em>the determination of </em><em>the</em><em>ir home floor</em><em> height to prevent </em><em>from </em><em>the tidal flood. Th</em><em>e purpose of th</em><em>is study w</em><em>as</em><em> </em><em>to </em><em>examine the accuracy of the tidal range calculation by local knowledge of </em><em>the </em><em>Sama ethnic group</em><em> </em><em>(</em><em>Sama Ethnic Method</em><em>, </em><em>SEM)</em><em>. The analysis was done by comparing tidal range result calculated by the </em><em>S</em><em>am</em><em>a</em><em> </em><em>E</em><em>thnic </em><em>Method</em><em> </em><em>(SEM) with </em><em>the standardized tidal harmonic constituents. The </em><em>result</em><em> showed that the </em><em>2<sup>nd </sup></em><em>tidal </em><em>peaks (</em><em>D</em><em>LB-s) </em><em>in the 15<sup>th</sup> </em><em>“</em><em>Sya’ban</em><em>”</em><em> </em><em>date </em><em>was </em><em>the best date to do measurement of a tidal range. In this case, the “Likkas Silapas” (LS) value at the above date </em><em>was above the </em><em>mean height water level (</em><em>MHWL</em><em>). Meanwhile, in other</em><em> </em><em>dates, the</em><em> </em><em>LS</em><em> value was under MHWL value. The result </em><em>also </em><em>showed a strong correlation (</em><em>R<sup>2</sup></em><em>&gt; 90%) between rasio of tidal high on 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup></em><em>peaks (</em><em>D</em><em>LB-s/</em><em>D</em><em>LB-m) </em><em>on 15<sup>th</sup></em><em><sup> </sup></em><em>Sya’ban date </em><em> and </em><em>LS-s</em><em> value. The local knowledge of </em><em>t</em><em>he </em><em>S</em><em>ama Ethnic </em><em>Method</em><em> </em><em>to determine the tidal range was </em><em>effective </em><em>and scientifically proven.</em></p> <p><em> </em></p> <strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>the Sama Ethnic group, tidal range, Likkas Boe,</em> <em>Likkas Silapas,</em><em> Sya’ban</em>
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF NUTRIENTS ON TRANSITIONAL SEASON IN WEDA BAY, NORTH MALUKU
Authors: Hamzah Faisal , Basit Abdul , Triyulianti Iis 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>A v</em><em>ertical </em><em>distribution of nutrient shows an interaction of </em><em>physical processes, source</em><em>,</em><em> and</em><em> </em><em>uptake along the water column</em><em>. </em><em>These interactions can occur along the water column with different processes in each layer</em><em>. </em><em>Water samples from</em><em> 1</em><em>7</em><em> stations </em><em>were collected for </em><em>nitrate, phosphate</em><em>,</em><em> and silicate</em><em>s concentration analyses during the transitional season in the Weda Bay</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>During the transitional season, the Weda Bay was characterized by low salinity (33.55-34.10), relatively warm temperature (30.87</em><em>°</em><em>C), and the relatively low nutrient concentrations (nitrate=</em><em>0</em><em>.</em><em>0</em><em>3</em><em>-</em><em>4.87</em><em> µg at/l</em><em>, phosphate=</em><em>0</em><em>.</em><em>0</em><em>11</em><em>-0</em><em>.852</em><em> µg at/l</em><em>, and silicate=</em><em>0</em><em>.</em><em>0</em><em>4</em><em>-</em><em>1.21</em><em> µg at/l</em><em>). The present of Western North Pacific Ocean (WNPO) watermass and the influence of Southern Subtropical Lower Water (SSLW) producing high salinity (&gt;35) at the depth of 130-300 m were observed along the Weda Bay. Nutrient geochemical processes in this region were shown by nutrient utilization and regeneration across the water columns. Nutrients utilization was relatively high in the surface layer. Meanwhile, nutrients regeneration and remineralization were more dominant in the thermocline and deeper water layers. Analyses of nutrients showed that nitrate was more dominant than other nutrients with N/P ratio was 3.83-37.99 and N/Si ratio was 0.12-10.98. The effectiveness of silicate (0.25 μg at/l) that was used by phytoplankton found at a depth of 200 m when its concentration decreased at N/P ratio (16:08) close to the Redfield ratio. Due to an uptake, remineralization, and regeneration processes in each layer, a nutrient distribution pattern was formed which the nutrient concentrations decreased in mixed layer and increased in the deeper water.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>:nutrien, </em><em>pattern, </em><em>Weda Bay</em><em>, transitional season</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p> </p>
SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF SEAGRASS AND SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES CONNECTIVITY IN MALANG RAPAT AND BERAKIT VILLAGES, BINTAN DISTRICT, RIAU ISLANDS
Authors: Arkham Muhammad Nur , Adrianto Luky , Wardiatno Yusli 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>Seagrass ecosystem has important roles in ecological and social factors to support fisherman income. The purpose of this research was to map the social-ecological system connectivity of seagrass with small-scale fisheries with networks perspective, to identify social-ecological connectivity of seagrass with fisheries resource availability approaches in small-scale fisheries, and to estimate the benefits of fish resources relation to seagrass ecosystem in Malang Rapat and Berakit vilages. Social-ecological system connectivity of seagrass was proven by the spatial distribution of fishing areas, networks map markets, and dynamics of small-scale fisheries catches in the study site. Social-ecocoligal connectivity of seagrass was also proven by fish catches dominated by <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Siganidae</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Scaridae</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Lethrinidae</span>, and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Lutjanidae</span> families. The fishermen income was supported by seagrass ecosystem connectivity which contributed revenue from fish catches totally Rp 202,124,00/day in Malang Rapat village and Rp. 193,151,00/day in Berakit village. Other benefit of seagrass ecosystem located nearby the beach was that the fishermen can have an easy access or less fuel for fishing operation.</em></p><p><em><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>seagrass ecosystem, network map, connectivity, small-scale fisheries, social-ecological system, Riau islands</em></em></p>
HABITAT QUALITY MUD CRAB (Scylla serrata) IN MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM OF BINTAN BAY, BINTAN DISTRIC, RIAU ISLANDS
Authors: Tahmid M. , Fahrudin Achmad , Wardiatno Yusli 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>Mud crab (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Scylla</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">serrata</span>) is one of </em><em>small scale fisheries commodity </em><em>that have high economic value and typically associated with </em><em>good mangrove ecosystem</em><em>. A </em><em>habitat degradation</em><em> </em><em>will cause</em><em> a serious impact on the existence of mud crab population. The puropse of this study was to assess the ecological quality of </em><em>mud crab habitat condition</em><em> </em><em>on </em><em>B</em><em>intan </em><em>B</em><em>ay’s mangrove ecosystem</em><em>. </em><em>Ecological data collection was conducted by </em><em>using </em><em>plots line transect for mangrove and </em><em>the mud carb </em><em>data collection</em><em> by using fishermen catch </em>(<em>fisher based survey</em>)<em>. </em><em>The results showed the value of habitat quality index (HQI) of mud crab (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Scylla</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">serrata</span>) ranged from 52-82 w</em><em>hich mean</em><em> in the “m</em><em>oderate</em><em>”</em><em> category</em><em> (index value 43-66) and "good" (index value 67-90). </em><em>It show</em><em>ed</em><em> that Bintan Bay’s mangrove </em><em>e</em><em>cosystems </em><em>was good enough to support the viability of mud crab. Habitat quality </em><em>had</em><em> a linier impact on body weight gain (</em><em>R<sup>2 </sup>= 99</em><em>.</em><em>7</em><em>8%) </em><em>and carapace width (</em><em>R<sup>2</sup>=</em><em> </em><em>99</em><em>.</em><em>21%</em><em>)</em><em>.</em><em> This showed that higher the index value of habitat quality, the size of the body weight and carapace width </em><em>will</em><em> increases.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Scylla serrata, habitat quality, ecology, mangroves, and Bintan Bay</em></p>
RATIO OF NUTRIENT AND DIATOM-DINOFLAGELLATE COMMUNITY IN SPERMONDE WATERS, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Nasir Andriani , Lukman Muhammad , Tuwo Ambo , Nurfadilah . 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>Runoff of nutrients (N, P, Si) from the mainland would disrupt the balance of nutrients in the waters resulted in changing microalgae communities composition, especially between diatom and dino-flagellate (Dia/Dino). This study was aimed to analyze the relationship of nutrient ratios (N/P, N/Si, Si/P) in the waters, to the density ratio of the Dia/Dino in the coastal and marine waters of Spermonde archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, which experience nutrient enrichment. Nutrients and phyto-plankton samples were collected from the coastal waters of Tallo, Maros, Pangkep, and seawaters of Spermonde in three seasons (transition, wet, and dry). The results showed the average value (± stan-dard deviation) of Dia/Dino ratio in the coastal and sea waters is 1422±1742 and 1174±1290 in the transition season; 238±205 and 1039±2264 in the dry season; and 153±270 and 72±71in the rainy season. Meanwhile, in the marine waters the ratio of Dia/Dino ranges between 1 and 9839. The ratio of Dia/Dino was not different significantly (p&gt;0,05) by spatial and temporal, but Dia/Dino ratio was different significantly (p&lt;0,05) on the ratio of nutrients in coastal waters, where the value of N/Si ratio tends to ignite monospesies enrichment diatom (Chaetoceros) with a variant of 70,4%.</em></p><p><em> </em><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: nutrient ratios, diatom, dinoflagellate, coastal, Spermonde</em></p>
RESPONSE OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST) AND CHLOROPHYLL-A ON MADDEN JULIAN OSCILLATION (MJO) IN INDONESIAN SEAS
Authors: Balbeid Nabil , Atmadipoera Agus Saleh , Koropitan Alan Frendy 
Published: October 2017

<p class="Paragraf"><em>Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a large-scale phenomenon that occurs in equatorial area, parti-cularly Indonesia. This research aimed to investigate the MJO propagation process and studied the correlation between MJO and sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a. Sea variables (SST and chlorophyll-a) and atmosphere variables (</em><em>outgoing longwave radiation</em><em>/OLR, 1,5 km wind,</em><em> and</em><em> surface wind) were band-pass filtered for 20-100 days period. Spectral density from OLR and 1,5 km wind (2003-2012) shows that the MJO period was dominantly occurred for </em><em>40–50</em><em> days. </em><em>Average </em><em>pro-pagation</em><em> of</em><em> </em><em> MJO</em><em> </em><em>velocity </em><em>resulted from the atmospheric variable analysis by </em><em>Hovmöller</em><em> diagram was 4,7 m/s. Cross correlation between SST and OLR in South Java and Banda Sea result</em><em>s</em><em> a strong corre-lation during MJO active phase, where </em><em>MJO too</em><em>k </em><em> place first and was then followed by</em><em> the </em><em>decreasing </em><em>SST </em><em>along the equatorial region</em><em>.</em><em> Increasing chlorophyll-a concentration occured at some areas du</em><em>-</em><em>ring MJO active phase with relatively short phase delay. </em><em>During the MJO active phase, fluctuation of wind velocity generates variation over mixed layer depth and triggers upwelling /entrainment. Nutri-ent was upwelled to the water surface and hence increase phytoplankton production and chlorophyll-a concentration.</em></p><p><em> </em><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>:</em><em> Madden Julian Oscillation, OLR, </em><em>sea surface temperature, surface chlorophyll-a</em></p>