bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic stability over six weeks in aqueous solution at body temperature with and without heat treatment that mimics the curing of bone cement
Authors: Samara E. , Moriarty T. F. , Decosterd L. A. , Richards R. G. , Gautier E. , Wahl P. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives Thermal stability is a key property in determining the suitability of an antibiotic agent for local application in the treatment of orthopaedic infections. Despite the fact that long-term therapy is a stated goal of novel local delivery carriers, data describing thermal stability over a long period are scarce, and studies that avoid interference from specific carrier materials are absent from the orthopaedic literature. Methods In this study, a total of 38 frequently used antibiotic agents were maintained at 37°C in saline solution, and degradation and antibacterial activity assessed over six weeks. The impact of an initial supplementary heat exposure mimicking exothermically curing bone cement was also tested as this material is commonly used as a local delivery vehicle. Antibiotic degradation was assessed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, or by immunoassays, as appropriate. Antibacterial activity over time was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay. Results The heat exposure mimicking curing bone cement had minimal effect on stability for most antibiotics, except for gentamicin which experienced approximately 25% degradation as measured by immunoassay. Beta-lactam antibiotics were found to degrade quite rapidly at 37°C regardless of whether there was an initial heat exposure. Excellent long-term stability was observed for aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, tetracyclines and quinolones under both conditions. Conclusions This study provides a valuable dataset for orthopaedic surgeons considering local application of antibiotics, and for material scientists looking to develop next-generation controlled or extended-release antibiotic carriers. Cite this article: E. Samara, T. F. Moriarty, L. A. Decosterd, R. G. Richards, E. Gautier, P. Wahl. Antibiotic stability over six weeks in aqueous solution at body temperature with and without heat treatment that mimics the curing of bone cement. Bone Joint J 2017;6:296–306. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.65.BJR-2017-0276.R1.
Temporal Biomarker Profiling Reveals Longitudinal Changes in Risk of Death or Myocardial Infarction in Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Chan Mark Y , Neely Megan L , Roe Matthew T , Goodman Shaun G , Erlinge David , Cornel Jan H , Winters Kenneth J , Jakubowski Joseph A , Zhou Chunmei , Fox Keith A A , Armstrong Paul W , White Harvey D , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Ohman E Magnus ,   for the TRILOGY ACS Investigators, Huber Kurt 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere are conflicting data on whether changes in N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations between time points (delta NT-proBNP and hs-CRP) are associated with a change in prognosis.METHODSWe measured NT-proBNP and hs-CRP at 3 time points in 1665 patients with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS). Cox proportional hazards was applied to the delta between temporal measurements to determine the continuous association with cardiovascular events. Effect estimates for delta NT-proBNP and hs-CRP are presented per 40% increase as the basic unit of temporal change.RESULTSMedian NT-proBNP was 370.0 (25th, 75th percentiles, 130.0, 996.0), 340.0 (135.0, 875.0), and 267.0 (111.0, 684.0) ng/L; and median hs-CRP was 4.6 (1.7, 13.1), 1.9 (0.8, 4.5), and 1.8 (0.8, 4.4) mg/L at baseline, 30 days, and 6 months, respectively. The deltas between baseline and 6 months were the most prognostically informative. Every +40% increase of delta NT-proBNP (baseline to 6 months) was associated with a 14% greater risk of cardiovascular death (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.14, 95% CI, 1.03–1.27) and with a 14% greater risk of all-cause death (adjusted HR 1.14, 95% CI, 1.04–1.26), while every +40% increase of delta hs-CRP (baseline to 6 months) was associated with a 9% greater risk of the composite end point (adjusted HR 1.09, 95% CI, 1.02–1.17) and a 10% greater risk of myocardial infarction (adjusted HR 1.10, 95%, CI 1.00–1.20).CONCLUSIONSTemporal changes in NT-proBNP and hs-CRP are quantitatively associated with future cardiovascular events, supporting their role in dynamic risk stratification of NSTEACS.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00699998
Austrian Corporatism – erosion or resilience?
Authors: Pernicka Susanne , Hefler Günter 
Published: May 2017

Ungeachtet der fortdauernden Liberalisierungs- und Desorganisierungsprozesse in allen kapitalistischen Ökonomien weist der österreichische Korporatismus eine erstaunliche Resilienz über verschiedene institutionelle Felder auf. Der Aufsatz fokussiert auf die Rolle von sozialen Akteuren in der (Re-)Produktion oder dem Wandel von institutionellen Strukturen und Praktiken des österreichischen Korporatismus. In den vier untersuchten Feldern, d.h. der Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitik, kollektiver Lohnverhandlungen, der Arbeitsbeziehungen auf Betriebsebene und der beruflichen Aus- und Weiterbildung, haben kollektive Akteure nicht zu institutioneller Erosion, sondern zu einer institutionellen Konversion von korporatistischen Institutionen in Richtung neuer Ziele in einem internationalen Kontext beigetragen. Während der Regierungskoalition der konservativen Volkspartei und der rechtsstehenden, populistischen Freiheitlichen Partei (2000-2006) wurde allerdings deutlich, dass das normative Bekenntnis zur Sozialpartnerschaft dann an seine Grenzen stößt, wenn sich das Machtgleichgewicht zugunsten einer stärker neoliberalen Position verschiebt. Nicht-marktbestimmte Institutionen stellen daher eher eine ‚geliehene Stabilität“ zur Verfügung, als eine robuste Basis für eine Resilienz des Austro-Korporatismus. Gewerkschaften sind im Besonderen gefordert ihre Aufmerksamkeit auf ihre Mitglieder zu richten und neue Wege zu finden, wie sie ihre Rolle als Sozialpartnerschaftsorganisationen und soziale Bewegungen kombinieren können, um die nichtmarktbestimmten Institutionen zu bewahren.
A Generalized Linear Model for DecomposingCis-regulatory, Parent-of-Origin, and Maternal Effects on Allele-Specific Gene Expression
Authors: Takada Yasuaki , Miyagi Ryutaro , Takahashi Aya , Endo Toshinori , Osada Naoki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractJoint quantification of genetic and epigenetic effects on gene expression is important for understanding the establishment of complex gene regulation systems in living organisms. In particular, genomic imprinting and maternal effects play important roles in the developmental process of mammals and flowering plants. However, the influence of these effects on gene expression are difficult to quantify because they act simultaneously with cis-regulatory mutations. Here we propose a simple method to decompose cis-regulatory (i.e., allelic genotype), genomic imprinting [i.e., parent-of-origin (PO)], and maternal [i.e., maternal genotype (MG)] effects on allele-specific gene expression using RNA-seq data obtained from reciprocal crosses. We evaluated the efficiency of method using a simulated dataset and applied the method to whole-body Drosophila and mouse trophoblast stem cell (TSC) and liver RNA-seq data. Consistent with previous studies, we found little evidence of PO and MG effects in adult Drosophila samples. In contrast, we identified dozens and hundreds of mouse genes with significant PO and MG effects, respectively. Interestingly, a similar number of genes with significant PO effect were detect in mouse TSCs and livers, whereas more genes with significant MG effect were observed in livers. Further application of this method will clarify how these three effects influence gene expression levels in different tissues and developmental stages, and provide novel insight into the evolution of gene expression regulation.
Functional Equivalence of the SOX2 and SOX3 Transcription Factors in the Developing Mouse Brain and Testes
Authors: Adikusuma Fatwa , Pederick Daniel , McAninch Dale , Hughes James , Thomas Paul 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGene duplication provides spare genetic material that evolution can craft into new functions. Sox2 and Sox3 are evolutionarily related genes with overlapping and unique sites of expression during embryogenesis. It is currently unclear whether SOX2 and SOX3 have identical or different functions. Here, we use CRISPR/Cas9-assisted mutagenesis to perform a gene-swap, replacing the Sox3 ORF with the Sox2 ORF to investigate their functional equivalence in the brain and testes. We show that increased expression of SOX2 can functionally replace SOX3 in the development of the infundibular recess/ventral diencephalon, and largely rescues pituitary gland defects that occur in Sox3 null mice. We also show that ectopic expression of SOX2 in the testes functionally rescues the spermatogenic defect of Sox3 null mice, and restores gene expression to near normal levels. Together, these in vivo data provide strong evidence that SOX2 and SOX3 proteins are functionally equivalent.
Book Reviews
Authors: Kreider Kyle L. , Leckrone J. Wesley , Sosar David P. 
Published: May 2017

This edition of COMMONWEALTH includes book reviews of Choosing State Supreme Court Justices: Merit Selection and the Consequences of Institutional Reform, by Greg Goelzhauser; A Nice Place to Visit: Tourism and Urban Revitalization in the Postwar Rustbelt, by Aaron Cowan; and Undocumented Fears: Immigration and the Politics of Divide and Conquer in Hazleton, Pennsylvania, by Jamie Longazel.
Impact of Docosahexaenoic Acid Therapy on Subgingival Plaque Microbiota
Authors: Naqvi Asghar Z. , Mu Lin , Hasturk Hatice , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Goodson J. Max 
Published: May 2017

Background: Oral docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + aspirin therapy has been shown to reduce periodontal probing depth (PD) and local inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) among patients with untreated chronic periodontal disease. Whether DHA + aspirin therapy influences specific bacterial burden in this setting is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of DHA with low‐dose aspirin therapy on periodontal bacterial profile in patients with periodontitis.Methods: Fifty‐five adults with moderate‐to‐severe periodontitis were enrolled in a randomized, 3‐month double‐masked, placebo‐controlled trial of daily 2 g DHA or placebo capsules enriched with 81 mg aspirin; 46 enrollees completed the trial. In addition to clinical measurements and GCF sampling, subgingival plaque samples were collected from four posterior sites in all participants and analyzed by the checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization technique. Presence of 40 periodontal bacterial species at baseline and 3 months was semiquantitatively estimated.Results: Despite broad improvements in clinical parameters, total bacteria and individual species counts in dental plaque did not differ significantly between baseline and 3 months in either group (P >0.1 for all). A modest effect of DHA + aspirin on Porphyromonas gingivalis counts was associated with 14% (95% confidence interval: 3% to 35%) of the observed benefit of DHA on PD. DHA + aspirin had no significant effect on individual plaque bacterial counts in unadjusted models or those adjusted for age, sex, and race (P >0.1 for all).Conclusions: This pilot randomized, controlled trial suggests that DHA + aspirin therapy improves periodontitis largely by modulating host inflammatory response. Changes in individual species levels in subgingival plaque microbiota were not detectable; however, a small portion of the benefit appears to stem from changes in P. gingivalis levels in the DHA + aspirin treatment group. Whether this change in P. gingivalis levels leads to biofilm alteration with reversal of dysbiosis requires further longitudinal and more specific investigations.
Fermentación cecal in vitro de cerdos Pelón Mexicano y Cuino Mexicano suplementados con cromo
Authors: Dominguez-Vara Ignacio Arturo , Gómez-Galeana Adriana Emilia , Pescador-Salas Nazario , González-Ronquillo Manuel 
Published: May 2017

Los cerdos Pelón Mexicano (CPM) y Cuino Mexicano (CCM) son nativos de México. El cromo (Cr) es un nutriente esencial en el metabolismo de carbohidratos, lípidos y aminoácidos, pero su efecto en cerdos a nivel de la fermentación cecal se desconoce. El objetivo fue evaluar la fermentación cecal in vitro y el nitrógeno (N) digestible en el intestino del CPM y CCM, mediante la adición de Cr en la dieta. Se sacri caron 48 cerdas con peso vivo de 104±0.5 kg, 24 por cada genotipo, de las cuales se colectó contenido cecal e ileal. Las muestras de contenido ileal se incubaron in vitro y se evalúo la fermentación (ml gas g-1 MS) a las 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 y 36 h y la composición química. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 2 x 2. No hubo diferencias entre genotipos (p >0.1), la dieta sin Cr mostró mayor fermentación (p < 0.001), la producción de gas acumulada (ml gas g-1 MS) no mostro diferencias ( p >0.1) por efecto del genotipo o dieta. Hubo mayor contenido de N total y N-NH3 en íleon para el genotipo CCM (p < 0.05). No hubo diferencia (p >0.05) en el contenido de N-total, N-NH3 y N aminoacidico a nivel cecal. Se concluye que los CCM mostraron un mayor contenido de N-Total y N-NH3 en íleon que los CPM; el Cr dietario no in uyó en el contenido de nitrógeno en intestinos delgado y grueso, ni en la fermentación cecal microbiana de los cerdos.
Consumption of Carbonated Soft Drinks Among Young Adolescents Aged 12 to 15 Years in 53 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Yang Lili , Bovet Pascal , Liu Yunxia , Zhao Min , Ma Chuanwei , Liang Yajun , Xi Bo 
Published: May 2017

Objectives. To compare consumption of carbonated soft drinks among young adolescents in 53 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods. We used 2009 to 2013 Global School-based Student Health Survey data to assess 137 449 young adolescents aged 12 to 15 years with available data (via a standardized questionnaire) on frequency of carbonated soft drink consumption. Results. Overall, young adolescents reported having consumed carbonated soft drinks 1.39 times per day (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26, 1.51), and 54.3% of adolescents reported consuming a carbonated soft drink at least once per day. Frequency (times per day) varied greatly across countries, ranging from 0.52 (95% CI = 0.43, 0.60) in Kiribati to 2.39 (95% CI = 2.25, 2.53) in Suriname. Conclusions. Our data confirm that consumption of carbonated soft drinks is frequent among young adolescents in LMICs. Our findings highlight the need for interventions in these countries to reduce adolescents’ carbonated soft drink consumption.
An Approach to Assess the Burden of Work-Related Injury, Disease, and Distress
Authors: Schulte Paul A. , Pana-Cryan Rene , Schnorr Teresa , Schill Anita L. , Guerin Rebecca , Felknor Sarah , Wagner Gregory R. 
Published: May 2017

The true burden (morbidity, mortality, disability, cost, pain, distress) of occupational and work-related diseases and injuries is unknown, and what is reported as burden is significantly underestimated. This underestimation affects the way decision-makers view investments in research and worker protection, which in turn has a substantial impact on national welfare and public health. To better describe the societal and individual burdens of occupational and work-related diseases and injuries, we propose an approach to gauge what is known about burden and where new assessments may be made. This approach consists of 4 elements to consider in burden assessments: (1) utilizing multiple domains, including the individual worker, the worker’s family, the community in which the workplace is located, the employer, and society as a whole; (2) taking a broader view of the work-relatedness of disease and injury; (3) assessing the impact of the entire working-life continuum; and (4) applying the comprehensive concept of “well-being” as an indicator in addressing contemporary changes in the nature of work, the workplace, and the workforce. Further research on burden and enhanced surveillance is needed to develop these elements.
Impact of the 2016 Ecuador Earthquake on Zika Virus Cases
Authors: Vasquez Diego , Palacio Ana , Nuñez Jose , Briones Wladimir , Beier John C. , Pareja Denisse C. , Tamariz Leonardo 
Published: May 2017

Objectives. To evaluate the impact of the April 2016 7.8-magnitude earthquake in Ecuador on the incidence of Zika virus (ZIKV) cases. Methods. We used the national public health surveillance system for reportable transmissible conditions and included suspected and laboratory-confirmed ZIKV cases. We compared the number of cases before and after the earthquake in areas closer to and farther from the epicenter. Results. From January to July 2016, 2234 patients suspected of having ZIKV infection were reported in both affected and control areas. A total of 1110 patients had a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, and 159 were positive for ZIKV. The cumulative incidence of ZIKV in the affected area was 11.1 per 100 000 after the earthquake. The odds ratio of having ZIKV infection in those living in the affected area was 8.0 (95% CI = 4.4, 14.6; P < .01) compared with the control area and adjusted for age, gender, province population, and number of government health care facilities. Conclusions. A spike in ZIKV cases occurred after the earthquake. Patients in the area closest to the epicenter had a delay in seeking care.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities at the End of an HIV Epidemic: Persons Who Inject Drugs in New York City, 2011–2015
Authors: Des Jarlais Don C. , Arasteh Kamyar , McKnight Courtney , Feelemyer Jonathan , Tross Susan , Perlman David , Friedman Samuel , Campbell Aimee 
Published: May 2017

Objectives. To examine whether racial/ethnic disparities persist at the “end of the HIV epidemic” (prevalence of untreated HIV infection < 5%; HIV incidence < 0.5 per 100 person-years) among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in New York City. Methods. We recruited 2404 PWID entering New York City substance use treatment in 2001 to 2005 and 2011 to 2015. We conducted a structured interview, and testing for HIV and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2; a biomarker for high sexual risk). We estimated incidence by using newly diagnosed cases of HIV. Disparity analyses compared HIV, untreated HIV, HIV–HSV-2 coinfection, HIV monoinfection, and estimated HIV incidence among Whites, African Americans, and Latinos. Results. By 2011 to 2015, Whites, African Americans, and Latino/as met both criteria of our operational “end-of-the-epidemic” definition. All comparisons that included HIV–HSV-2–coinfected persons had statistically significant higher rates of HIV among racial/ethnic minorities. No comparisons limited to HIV monoinfected persons were significant. Conclusions. “End-of-the-epidemic” criteria were met among White, African American, and Latino/a PWID in New York City, but elimination of disparities may require a greater focus on PWID with high sexual risk.
Effects of Fertilizer, Nematicide, and Tillage on Plant–Parasitic Nematodes and Yield in Corn and Soybean
Authors: Grabau Zane J. , Vetsch Jeffrey A. , Chen Senyu 
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas
Tillage decreased plant–parasitic nematode population densities during portions of the study.
Fertilizers did not help manage plant–parasitic nematode population densities.
Manure application increased both corn and soybean yields.
Soybean response to NPK and NPKS was more positive in a lower yielding environment.
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is the most damaging pathogen of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the United States and plant–parasitic nematodes such as Pratylenchus (lesion nematode) and Helicotylenchus (spiral nematode) commonly infect corn (Zea mays L.). There are few management options for these nematodes, so understanding how common agronomic practices affect these nematodes is critical. Therefore, a series of 2‐yr experiments were conducted in corn and soybean production. Long‐term conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT) treatments were in place at the study site. Fertilizer and granular nematicide—for assessing crop damage by nematodes—treatments were applied: (i) untreated control, (ii) NPK, (iii) NPKS, (iv) liquid swine manure, (v) nematicide without fertilizer, and (vi) NPKS with nematicide. Lesion nematode and SCN densities were greater in MT than CT during portions of the study, but tillage did not affect spiral nematodes. Corn yield was 8% greater in CT than MT in the first phase of the rotation, but tillage did not significantly affect soybean yield. None of the fertilizers—manure, NPK, or NPKS—reduced plant–parasitic nematode densities compared to control. Manure consistently increased corn and soybean yields. The NPK and NPKS were beneficial for corn, but inconsistent for soybean yields. There was some evidence that soybean yield response to fertilizers was greater in more stressed environments, such as with more SCN pressure. Because nematicide efficacy was inconsistent, it was not possible to make a definitive measurement of crop damage by plant–parasitic nematodes in this study.
Influence of Long‐term Application of Feedlot Manure Amendments on Water Repellency of a Clay Loam Soil
Authors: Miller Jim J. , Beasley Bruce W. , Hazendonk Paul , Drury Craig F. , Chanasyk David S. 
Published: May 2017

Long‐term application of feedlot manure to cropland may increase the quantity of soil organic carbon (C) and change its quality, which may influence soil water repellency. The objective was to determine the influence of feedlot manure type (stockpiled vs. composted), bedding material (straw [ST] vs. woodchips [WD]), and application rate (13, 39, or 77 Mg ha−1) on repellency of a clay loam soil after 17 annual applications. The repellency was determined on all 14 treatments using the water repellency index (R index), the water drop penetration time (WDPT) method, and molarity of ethanol (MED) test. The C composition of particulate organic matter in soil of five selected treatments after 16 annual applications was also determined using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance–direct polarization with magic‐angle spinning (NMR‐DPMAS). Manure type had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on R index and WDPT, and MED classification was similar. Mean R index and WDPT values were significantly greater and MED classification more hydrophobic for WD than ST. Application rate had no effect on the R index, but WDPT was significantly greater and MED classification more hydrophobic with increasing application rate. Strong (r > 0.7) but nonsignificant positive correlations were found between R index and WDPT versus hydrophobic (alkyl + aromatic) C, lignin at 74 ppm (O‐alkyl), and unspecified aromatic compounds at 144 ppm. Specific aromatic compounds also contributed more to repellency than alkyl, O‐alkyl, and carbonyl compounds. Overall, all three methods consistently showed that repellency was greater for WD‐ than ST‐amended clay loam soil, but manure type had no effect.Core Ideas
Feedlot manure type had no influence on soil water repellency.
Soil water repellency was greater for woodchip than straw‐amended soils.
Soil water repellency increased with greater application rates.
Soil water repellency was most positively correlated with aromatic C group and compounds.
Soil water repellency was generally greater for amended than unamended soils.