bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimalisasi Sistem Persediaan Bahan Baku Karet Mentah (Lateks) dengan Metode Lot Sizing (Studi Kasus: PT Abaisiat Raya)
Authors: Rahmayanti Dina , Fauzan Ahmad 
Published: May 2017

PT Abaisiat Raya is one of the manufacturers of rubber crumb (crumb rubber) in the city of Padang. Latex inventory management system at PT Abaisiat Kingdom basically signinfikan still need improvement. It is based on the planning activities in the warehouse inventory of raw materials firms irregular, thus causing excess stock (over stock) at a time and shortage of stock (stock out) at other times. Process optimization is done with latex inventory system involving factors such as demand forecasting production planning or latex needs during the period of next 12 (in 2012), the costs involved, the waiting time (lead time), the implementation of forecasting methods, determination of size lots (lot sizing), the determination of safety stock (safety stock), and re-ordering time (reorder point), so the output will get a number of requests are for 12 periods ahead, the size of each reservation period, the total cost is required, when re-ordering will be done , as well as how much inventory to latex in the warehouse. Based on these results, it was found that the optimal size of the book is the same as the demand for each period (reservation is made each period) due to a cyclical pattern of demand and decreases throughout the planning period. Value of the stock or safety stock is located in Kg 114,282.20, and re-ordering time (reorder point) to cope with fluctuations do when the stock has reached a level of 333,130.95 kg.Keywords: Forecasting, Time Wait, Lot Size, Safety Supplies, Reorder
Analisis Pengukuran Produktivitas Perusahaan Alsintan CV. Cherry Sarana Agro
Authors: Fithri Prima , Sari Regina Yulinda 
Published: May 2017

CV Cherry Sarana Agro is a manufacturing company, which produces agricultural machinery. In reality, company evaluatesits work and performance based on level of profits. In order to maintain the company's performance, it is necessary to measures the productivity of company to see how effective the performance of this company. So it can be determined what is needed in order to improve the performance of the company and also can increase profits. Measuring the productivity can be seen from the financial data that obtained from the company. Then based on data processing, show this company's productivity levels decreased during the period of measurement and it means company requires efforts to increase the efficient use of inputs. It is necessary for company to increase its productivity for the future. This improvement was made by taking into account the partial productivity as inputs that affect the profitability of the company on an ongoing basis. Keywords: Productivity, CV Cherry Sarana Agro, Partial Productivity, Profitability AbstrakCV Cherry Sarana Agro merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang manufaktur yang memproduksi mesin pertanian. Dalam prakteknya menjalankan perusahaan dan mengevaluasi hasil kerja perusahaan, CV Cherry Sarana Agro hanya melihat tingkat keuntungan yang diperoleh.Agar kinerja perusahaan tetap terjaga, maka diperlukan pengukuran produktivitas untuk melihat seberapa efektif kinerja dari perusahaan ini. Sehingga dapat diketahui apa saja yang diperlukan dalam rangka memperbaiki kinerja perusahaan untuk dapat meningkatkan keuntungan. Pengukuran produktivitas ini dapat dilihat dari data keuangan yang diperoleh dari perusahaan CV Cherry Sarana Agro. Kemudian hasil pengolahan data memperlihatkan level produktivitas perusahaan ini mengalami penurunan pada periode pengukuran dan memerlukan usaha peningkatan dalam pemakaian input secara efisien. Untuk itu diperlukan usaha untuk meningkatkan produktivitas untuk perusahaan ini untuk di masa yang akan datang. Peningkatan ini dilakukan dengan memperhatikan produktivitas parsial sebagai input yang mempengaruhi profitabilitas perusahaan secara berkelanjutan.Keywords: Produktivitas, CV Cherry Sarana Agro, Produktivitas Parsial, Profitabilitas
Systemic association of uveitis in Nepalese population
Authors: Shrestha Jyoti Baba , Shah Dev Narayan 
Published: May 2017

Background: Infectious diseases are very common in Nepal and almost all infections are capable of causing uveitis. Parasitic infestations affect large number of Nepalese population and any parasitic infestation can potentially lead to development of uveitis. Local and systemic viral infections, immunological disorder like autoimmune diseases and malignancies can lead to uveitis. All these emphasize the necessity of proper systemic evaluation and investigation to identify the underlying systemic illness causing uveitis in order to see the pattern of systemic illness and determine the commonest associated systemic disease with uveitis.Methods: A prospective study was conducted at BP Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies from November 2008 to April 2010. All the patients underwent a standard diagnostic protocol when indicated by special tests and procedures performed in order of likelihood.Results: A total of 308 patients with uveitis was seen during the study period. For 146 (47.4%) patients, a specific diagnosis was established based on history, ocular examination and laboratory investigations. A definite association with systemic disease was determined for 82 (26.6%) patients. A well established clinical uveitis entity without a recognizable systemic disorder was present in 64 (20.8%) cases. A diagnosis could not be established in 162 (52.6%) cases. Toxoplasmosis was found to be most frequently associated with uveitis accounting for 5.8 % of the total cases followed by tuberculosis (3.6%), herpes infections (3%), ankylosing spondylitis (2.9%), leprosy (2.3%), sarcoidosis (1.6%) and parasitic infestations (1.3%).Conclusion: The importance of relevant systemic work up in uveitis cases in our set up has been reemphasized by the present study.
Anomalous Transport of Cosmic Rays in a Nonlinear Diffusion Model
Authors: Litvinenko Yuri E. , Fichtner Horst , Walter Dominik 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We investigate analytically and numerically the transport of cosmic rays following their escape from a shock or another localized acceleration site. Observed cosmic-ray distributions in the vicinity of heliospheric and astrophysical shocks imply that anomalous, superdiffusive transport plays a role in the evolution of the energetic particles. Several authors have quantitatively described the anomalous diffusion scalings, implied by the data, by solutions of a formal transport equation with fractional derivatives. Yet the physical basis of the fractional diffusion model remains uncertain. We explore an alternative model of the cosmic-ray transport: a nonlinear diffusion equation that follows from a self-consistent treatment of the resonantly interacting cosmic-ray particles and their self-generated turbulence. The nonlinear model naturally leads to superdiffusive scalings. In the presence of convection, the model yields a power-law dependence of the particle density on the distance upstream of the shock. Although the results do not refute the use of a fractional advection–diffusion equation, they indicate a viable alternative to explain the anomalous diffusion scalings of cosmic-ray particles.
The impact of changes in labour broking on an integrated petroleum and chemical company
Authors: Joubert Yvonne T. , Loggenberg Bennie 
Published: May 2017

Orientation: This article focuses on the changes to section 198 of the Labour Relations Act (LRA).Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of employees regarding the changes to section 198 and the potential implications of these changes for the company and its employees.Motivation for the study: The changes to section 198 of the LRA are new and the impact of the changes to a company and its employees is still unclear.Research design, approach and method: The qualitative exploratory study was conducted with six employees of a large integrated petroleum and chemical company making use of labour brokers, until data saturation was reached. The data were collected by means of individual interviews and telephonic interviews.Main findings: The results indicated that the changes to section 198 have positive and negative implications for the organisation as well as its employees. The negative implications for the organisation are higher costs, new policies and guidelines, and less employment flexibility. The negative implications for the employees are unemployment, negative attitudes, poor employability, and a situation where the permanent employees have to do all the work.Practical / managerial implications: The outcome of the study can be used to develop an employment policy and dispute resolution to minimise the negative implications for the organisation and its employees.Contribution / value-add: The study represents original research, extending the current body of knowledge on the perceptions of employees in the human resources department regarding the changes to section 198 of the LRA.
A New Approach of Stochastic Dominance for Ranking Transformations on the Discrete Random Variable
Authors: Gao Jianwei , Zhao Feng 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper presents some new stochastic dominance (SD) criteria for ranking transformations on a random variable, which is the first time that this is done for transformations under the discrete framework. By using the expected utility theory, the authors first propose a sufficient condition for general transformations by first degree SD (FSD), and further develop it into the necessary and sufficient condition for monotonic transformations. For the second degree SD (SSD) case, they divide the monotonic transformations into increasing and decreasing categories, and further derive their necessary and sufficient conditions, respectively. For two different discrete random variables with the same possible states, the authors obtain the sufficient and necessary conditions for FSD and SSD, respectively. The new SD criteria have the following features: each FSD condition is represented by the transformation functions and each SSD condition is characterized by the transformation functions and the probability distributions of the random variable. This is different from the classical SD approach where FSD and SSD conditions are described by cumulative distribution functions. Finally, a numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the new SD criteria.
Limited protection of macro-aggregate-occluded organic carbon in Siberian steppe soils
Authors: Bischoff Norbert , Mikutta Robert , Shibistova Olga , Puzanov Alexander , Silanteva Marina , Grebennikova Anna , Fuß Roland , Guggenberger Georg 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Macro-aggregates especially in agricultural steppe soils are supposed to play a vital role for soil organic carbon (OC) stabilization at a decadal timescale. While most research on soil OC stabilization in steppes focused on North American prairie soils of the Great Plains with information mainly provided by short-term incubation experiments, little is known about the agricultural steppes in southwestern Siberia, though they belong to the greatest conversion areas in the world and occupy an area larger than that in the Great Plains. To quantify the proportion of macro-aggregate-protected OC under different land use as function of land use intensity and time since land use change (LUC) from pasture to arable land in Siberian steppe soils, we determined OC mineralization rates of intact (250–2000 µm) and crushed (< 250 µm) macro-aggregates in long-term incubations over 401 days (20 °C; 60 % water holding capacity) along two agricultural chronosequences in the Siberian Kulunda steppe. Additionally, we incubated bulk soil (< 2000 µm) to determine the effect of LUC and subsequent agricultural use on a fast and a slow soil OC pool (labile vs. more stable OC), as derived from fitting exponential-decay models to incubation data. We hypothesized that (i) macro-aggregate crushing leads to increased OC mineralization due to an increasing microbial accessibility of a previously occluded labile macro-aggregate OC fraction, and (ii) bulk soil OC mineralization rates and the size of the fast OC pool are higher in pasture than in arable soils with decreasing bulk soil OC mineralization rates and size of the fast OC pool as land use intensity and time since LUC increase. Against our hypothesis, OC mineralization rates of crushed macro-aggregates were similar to those of intact macro-aggregates under all land use regimes. Macro-aggregate-protected OC was almost absent and accounted for < 1 % of the total macro-aggregate OC content and to a maximum of 8 ± 4 % of mineralized OC. In accordance to our second hypothesis, highest bulk soil OC mineralization rates and sizes of the fast OC pool were determined under pasture, but mineralization rates and pool sizes were unaffected by land use intensity and time since LUC. However, at one chronosequence mean residence times of the fast and slow OC pool tended to decrease with increasing time since establishment of arable use. We conclude that the tillage-induced breakdown of macro-aggregates has not reduced the OC contents in the soils under study. The decline of OC after LUC is probably attributed to the faster soil OC turnover under arable land as compared to pasture at a reduced plant residue input.
20th century changes in carbon isotopes and water-use efficiency: tree-ring-based evaluation of the CLM4.5 and LPX-Bern models
Authors: Keller Kathrin M. , Lienert Sebastian , Bozbiyik Anil , Stocker Thomas F. , Churakova (Sidorova) Olga V. , Frank David C. , Klesse Stefan , Koven Charles D. , Leuenberger Markus , Riley William J. , Saurer Matthias , Siegwolf Rolf , Weigt Rosemarie B. , Joos Fortunat 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Measurements of the stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) on annual tree rings offer new opportunities to evaluate mechanisms of variations in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance under changing CO2 and climate conditions, especially in conjunction with process-based biogeochemical model simulations. The isotopic discrimination is indicative of the ratio between the CO2 partial pressure in the intercellular cavities and the atmosphere (ci∕ca) and of the ratio of assimilation to stomatal conductance, termed intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). We performed isotope-enabled simulations over the industrial period with the land biosphere module (CLM4.5) of the Community Earth System Model and the Land Surface Processes and Exchanges (LPX-Bern) dynamic global vegetation model. Results for C3 tree species show good agreement with a global compilation of δ13C measurements on leaves, though modeled 13C discrimination by C3 trees is smaller in arid regions than measured. A compilation of 76 tree-ring records, mainly from Europe, boreal Asia, and western North America, suggests on average small 20th century changes in isotopic discrimination and in ci∕ca and an increase in iWUE of about 27 % since 1900. LPX-Bern results match these century-scale reconstructions, supporting the idea that the physiology of stomata has evolved to optimize trade-offs between carbon gain by assimilation and water loss by transpiration. In contrast, CLM4.5 simulates an increase in discrimination and in turn a change in iWUE that is almost twice as large as that revealed by the tree-ring data. Factorial simulations show that these changes are mainly in response to rising atmospheric CO2. The results suggest that the downregulation of ci∕ca and of photosynthesis by nitrogen limitation is possibly too strong in the standard setup of CLM4.5 or that there may be problems associated with the implementation of conductance, assimilation, and related adjustment processes on long-term environmental changes.
Tobacco smoking among nursing students in Saudi Arabia: A descriptive correlational study
Authors: Abu Raddaha Ahmad H. , Al-Sabeely Amirat A. , Mohamed Heba M. , Aldossary Eid H. 
Published: May 2017

Background and objectives: Tobacco smoking is a global epidemic and health threat that continues to increase. Nursing students primarily develop their professional roles toward smoking cessation during their academic nursing education. We assessed prevalence and behavioral patterns of tobacco smoking among nursing students. Along with nature of education received on tobacco smoking cessation, we sought to explore their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs toward tobacco smoking.Methods: Using convenience sampling, a descriptive correlational research design was used. Subjects were undergraduate students from a public university located in Alriyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. A standardized self-administered questionnaire, the Global Health Professional Student Survey, was utilized.Results: Eighty-four percent reported not smoking tobacco throughout their lifetime (i.e., never smokers), while the remaining were former smokers. Although 11.7% indicated that they had received formal training on tobacco-smoking cessation, more former smokers reported receiving such formal training than never smokers (25% vs. 9.3%, χ2 = 4.04, df = 1, p = .04). Students who were in third year of program, who thought that a smoker who quits smoking tobacco products would avoid/decrease serious health problems, and who stated that tobacco smoking never been allowed inside their living homes while children were present were more likely be never smokers.Conclusions: Adding training modules on smoking cessation to undergraduate nursing program curricula is highly suggested. Considering our unique findings on the effect of smoking status on the attitudes and beliefs toward smoking among nursing students when planning and implementing training modules seems beneficial. Future research is recommended to explore the lived experiences and consequences of smoking behavior among former smokers group.
Challenges and solutions in speech-language pathology service delivery across Australia and Canada
Authors: Lim Jacqueline , McCabe Patricia , Purcell Alison 
Published: May 2017

Background, aims and objectives: This study aimed to compare the perception of barriers to service delivery among speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in Canada and Australia and the extent to which they used parent or carer training to overcome these barriers. Methods: Participants were 81 Australian and 63 Canadian SLPs who completed an online survey. Questions comprised open ended and forced choice questions with some ranking of questions also required. Chi-square analyses were conducted comparing Canadian and Australian SLPs. Results: Few differences existed among the respondents. Respondents overwhelmingly selected “not enough speech-language pathology positions to meet demand” as their main barrier. This barrier along with “parents/carer’s lack of knowledge about the need for speech-language pathology”, “lack of parent/carer engagement” and “lack of awareness of role of speech-language pathologist” were the principal barriers. Training parents and carers to conduct therapy at home was the most used strategy among both Canadian and Australian SLPs. Discussion: The finding that the SLPs perceive low engagement from parents both in the training sessions and when working with their child may suggest that there is a need for speech-language pathologists to determine more effective ways to train and engage parents and carers. Conclusion: More research into the efficacy of parent or carer training across a wider range of speech-language pathology practice areas and across a more diverse range of parents or carers needs to be undertaken.
Evaluation of patient satisfaction with HIV/AIDS care and treatment: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmed Syed Imran , Ramach Ashvinni , Ahmadi Keivan , Hasan Syed Shahzad , Lee Christopher KC 
Published: May 2017

Background, aims and objectives: Patient experience influences the adherence to therapy and achievement of treatment outcomes, supplementing traditional indicators such as care processes and survival outcomes. This study aimed to examine the effect of relationship with healthcare providers on patient satisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out at an HIV outpatient clinic from August 2013 to October 2013. Patients were interviewed using a questionnaire adapted and contextualised from an online database. The questionnaire covered aspects related to healthcare providers’ attitude and knowledge, clinic services, patient autonomy and dignity, characteristics of healthcare providers as well as the sociodemographic backgrounds of the participants. A R® program for statistical computing was used for data analysis. Results: Satisfaction with healthcare providers and respect for patient autonomy contributed the most to overall patient satisfaction, influencing 35% of the observed variance in patient responses. Clinic services and independent characteristics of healthcare providers also had minor roles in influencing patient experience. Social components outweighed clinical components in terms of sociodemographic influence on perceived quality of care. Education levels (p ≤ 0.05) and employment status (p ≤ 0.1) were significant determinants of patient experience; however, they were the only two sociodemographics associated with patient satisfaction. Other social and all clinical factors were not significantly associated with patient experience. Conclusion: Relationship with healthcare providers as well as the degree to which patient autonomy is maintained are the most important determinant of patient satisfaction. Overall, social components have more prominent roles in influencing patient satisfaction compared to clinical components.
Tortonian teleost otoliths from northern Italy: taxonomic synthesis and stratigraphic significance
Authors: Lin Chien-Hsiang , Brzobohatý Rotislav , Nolf Dirk , Girone Angela 
Published: May 2017

The Tortonian fish otoliths of northern Italy have been studied for more than a century and represent one of the best known otolith-based teleost faunas in the Miocene of the Mediterranean Basin. Yet with the growing knowledge on Recent otoliths, an updated taxonomic overview of this fauna is needed. Moreover, new material from hemipelagic Tortonian marls sampled at nine localities is described herein, revealing 109 taxa of which 88 are recognised at species level. Four of these are new: Coryphaenoides biobtusus sp. nov., “Merluccius” rattazzii sp. nov., Neobythites auriculatus sp. nov. and Lesueurigobius stironensis sp. nov. The compilation of previously studied and newly acquired material revealed a total of 118 nominal Tortonian species. At generic level, the fauna is characterised by many modern forms; more than 90% can be assigned to present day genera. At species level, however, more than half of the represented taxa are extinct. Based on the fossil otolith record, the Tortonian fauna of the Mediterranean is most similar to that of the Langhian (Badenian) of the Central Paratethys by sharing many extinct Miocene species, but it is also very close to that of the Pliocene Mediterranean, by sharing many modern Atlantic-Mediterranean forms. The Tortonian fauna is further characterised by many species that are apparently confined to the upper Miocene, resulting in a unique combination of its taxonomic composition.