bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Idea of Dialogue, Trust and Reconciliation in the Pilgrimage of Trust on Earth
Authors: Katarzyńska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to present the Pilgrimage of Trust on Earth organized by the brothers of Taizé Community as an event building a relationship of dialogue, trust and reconciliation between nations and cultures. The article features an in-depth discussion of the elements of youth meetings and their impact on developing an attitude of dialogue and trust. We will briefly discuss the means used by the brothers to develop a dialogue between people, as well as the methods of spreading the idea of dialogue, trust and solidarity in interpersonal and international relations.
“Phase transition” between Confrontation and Dialogue in the Light of the Concept of the Unity Charism
Authors: Wieczorek Krzysztof 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In the twenties of the last century the process of building a new type of philosophical culture began, based on the sensitivity towards another person, the recognition of values and dignity of the person and the search for platforms of dialogue and compromise between people. However, it did not gain a broad social resonance. The 20th Century became the scene of the triumph of totalitarianisms, based on the idea of collectivism and marked by the contempt towards the individual, his rights and needs. In the post-war reality environments favouring the humanization of the culture of coexistence earned a voice, but they too did not manage to divert the tendency towards building a bureaucratic and technocratic order. In this kind of system, the person feels reduced to his instrumental functions, and the dialogue submerged in the world of humanistic values becomes a distant and unequalled dream. This text undertakes the problem of the conditions which must be met in order for the tendency towards dialogue and mutual respect to prevail over the hostile, confrontational approach, which characterizes many contemporary social environments. The author suggests that we refer to the analogy with the thermodynamics phenomenon, phase transition, and consider the notion of spiritual energy (the analogue of the physical term enthalpy) as an agent regulating the internal disposition of the individual to “freeze” or “thaw” relations with his fellow human beings. The key thesis is that the most important source of energy indispensable to move from confrontation to dialogue lies in the resources of religious experience- the openness to the grace flowing from the transcendental reality, and the guides on the path to discovering this source are the witnesses of faith- among them the spiritual heirs of Chiara Lubich’s charism.
A Novel Approach Towards Sustainable Testbeds: ToMaTo on CloudLab
Authors: Müller Paul , Schwerdel Dennis 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlthough testbeds and experimental facilities are accepted as tools for research in the scope of distributed systems research, such as Future Internet Research, they lack sustainability; once established as a project, they must be maintained and renewed every few years. However, unfortunately, due to an absence of long-term funding for operating/maintenance and reinvestment, a lot of these are terminated just after the project is complete.In this paper, we describe a software-defined testbed on demand; this is based on the Topology Management Tool (ToMaTo), a software environment which was developed within the G-Lab project. ToMaTo, initially designed to run on the G-Lab infrastructure, is now independent of the underlying infrastructure and can be deployed on any Cloud infrastructure on demand. We describe here the deployment of ToMaTo to the CloudLab infrastructure offered by the NSF-funded CloudLab project.This approach offers a new method for sustainable testbeds where neither upfront investment nor the recurring and operating/maintenance costs for the infrastructure will burden the budgets of the projects.
Is Neural Machine Translation the New State of the Art?
Authors: Castilho Sheila , Moorkens Joss , Gaspari Federico , Calixto Iacer , Tinsley John , Way Andy 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper discusses neural machine translation (NMT), a new paradigm in the MT field, comparing the quality of NMT systems with statistical MT by describing three studies using automatic and human evaluation methods. Automatic evaluation results presented for NMT are very promising, however human evaluations show mixed results. We report increases in fluency but inconsistent results for adequacy and post-editing effort. NMT undoubtedly represents a step forward for the MT field, but one that the community should be careful not to oversell.
A Neural Network Architecture for Detecting Grammatical Errors in Statistical Machine Translation
Authors: Tezcan Arda , Hoste Véronique , Macken Lieve 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this paper we present a Neural Network (NN) architecture for detecting grammatical errors in Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) using monolingual morpho-syntactic word representations in combination with surface and syntactic context windows. We test our approach on two language pairs and two tasks, namely detecting grammatical errors and predicting overall post-editing effort. Our results show that this approach is not only able to accurately detect grammatical errors but it also performs well as a quality estimation system for predicting overall post-editing effort, which is characterised by all types of MT errors. Furthermore, we show that this approach is portable to other languages.
The Effect of Glaucoma Filtration Surgery on Structural and Functional Eye Parameters in a Short-Term Study
Authors: Baumane Kristīne , Ranka Renāte , Laganovska Guna 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Glaucoma filtration surgery (trabeculectomy) is an effective glaucoma treatment method that provides significant intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction. Indications for this method are in cases where other forms of therapy, like medicines or lasers, have failed, other forms of therapy are not suitable (compliance or side-effects are a problem), in cases where a target pressure is required to prevent clinically significant disease progression that cannot be reached with topical medications and/or laser and in cases that have such advanced glaucoma and high IOP at presentation that other forms of treatment are unlikely to be successful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of glaucoma surgery on the structural and functional eye parameters at different stages of glaucoma. A total of 96 eyes of 96 patients (only one eye from each patient) with different stages of glaucoma (stages 2 to 4) who were undergoing trabeculectomy were recruited. Quadrant retinal nerve fibre layer RNFL) thickness (33 patients), cup/disc vertical and horizontal ratio (36 patients) and MD of visual fields (27 patients) were analysed up to one week before and 1 month after the successful surgery. The results show that the MD value was slightly improved in 50%, 85.7%, and 71.4% of patients with glaucoma stages 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The mean RNFL of all four optic nerve head quadrants increased slightly after the surgery for patients with glaucoma stage 2; in contrast, a decrease in the mean RNFL values for all four quadrants was observed for patients with glaucoma stage 4. Statistically significant changes in the mean values for the optic nerve horizontal c/d ratio after glaucoma surgery were observed (p = 0.033) in contrast to the vertical c/d values (p = 0.77). In total, improvement of the horizontal and vertical c/d ratio was detected in 61.1% and 55.6% of the glaucoma patients, respectively. Although the observed changes were statistically insignificant, the positive influence of glaucoma surgery on the structural and functional eye parameters was more pronounced in moderate stages than in advanced or severe stages of glaucoma.
The Oral Microbiome of Smokeless Tobacco Users in Latvia
Authors: Sintija Miļuna , Rostoka Dagnija , Skadińš Ingus , Reinis Aigars , Priedīte Viktorija , Koka Rudīte , Lauva Didzis , Kroiča Juta 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Snus is a tobacco product containing nicotine and is widely used in Sweden. Now it is becoming more and more popular among young athletes and teenagers in Latvia, even though it is forbidden for sale in the European Union. The use of snus is considered to induce various oral illnesses, especially periodontal diseases, diabetes, heart and cardiovascular diseases as well as cancer. Comparison of the microbiome of saliva and tooth biofilm in snus tobacco users with that in people who never use snus showed that, the number and diversity of periodontal pathogenic microorganisms was much higher in samples taken from snus users. The observed features of the oral microbiome, such as the presence of periodontal pathogens and their high concentration, may have adverse effect on periodontal tissues of snus users and their general health in the future.
Manorial and Grange Complexes as a Cultural Heritage of the Agricultural Landscape in the Management of Commune Space: A Case Study of Tarnowo Podgórne, Wielkopolska
Authors: Wilkaniec Agnieszka , Szczepańska Magdalena 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Manorial and grange complexes are characteristic elements of the rural cultural landscape; they constitute significant evidence of the farming tradition of a region. Unfortunately, nowadays these complexes have often become dilapidated, their legibility has been obliterated and there have been radical changes in the spatial context. The aim of this study was to determine whether manorial and grange complexes were given proper attention in the development and strategic plans worked out by communes. The commune of Tarnowo Podgórne, stretching along the western boundary of Poznań city, was selected as a case study and research area. An attempt is also made to recognise what protective provisions the local law makes for those complexes. The authors think that the quality of plans concerning the facilities under study is unsatisfactory. The Land Use Plan includes recommendations to protect nonexistent facilities and lists a complex located beyond the commune boundaries. Although the Plan emphasises the significance of manorial and grange complexes, there are no local spatial development plans for most of them. Some plans referring to the spatial structures under analysis are imprecise and incomplete, which results in ineffective protection.
Growth response of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) populations to climatic transfer A Novel Approach for Controlled Pollination in Casuarina equisetifolia
Authors: Foff V. , Weiser F. , Foffová E. , Gömöry Dušan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe study focuses on growth responses of Larix decidua provenances to climatic transfer based on a regional provenance experiment. This comprises a series of 5 trial plots situated in Germany and Slovakia, where 12 indigenous Sudetic and West-Carpathian larch provenances are planted. Transfer rates were defined as differences in altitudes or climatic variables between the site of plantation and the site of origin. 1stand 2nd-order polynomial regressions were used for the identification of overall trends of growth performance and responses to transfer.Sudetic provenances clearly outperformed the Carpathian ones on all test sites. When all provenances were considered jointly, height and breast-height diameter mostly showed significant monotonous geographical and climatic trends: the performance generally decreased with increasing altitude and precipitations and decreasing temperatures. The relationships between growth response and transfer rates (ecodistances) were mostly linear. However, when Sudetic and Carpathian provenances were considered separately, most significant response curves were unimodal. There is a very good correspondence between the responses in height and diameter growth within geographic groups, but the responses are not consistent between groups. Joint regression analysis showed that most provenances exhibited average stability. Stability indices are quite consistent between the response traits and did not show any association with the geographical position, climate of origin, or growth performance.The results indicate that populations in different climates remain adapted to a common optimum, the extent of local adaptation is quite limited. Possible explanations of this observation are briefly discussed.
Short Note: Isolation and Characterization of 12 Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers in Engelhardia roxburghiana (Juglandaceae)
Authors: Zhang Dan-Dan , Luo Pi , Chen Ying , Wang Zheng-Feng , Ye Wan-Hui , Cao Hong-Lin 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Engelhardia roxburghiana is a common half evergreen tree with a wide distribution in southeast Asia. Despite its ecological and pharmaceutical values, its genetic diversity is poorly studied. Our objective was to develop nuclear microsatellite markers to investigate the level of genetic diversity within and among populations in the future. Using the microsatellite-enriched library and PCR-based screening method, 12 microsatellite markers were developed and showed polymorphism in a population. The number of alleles per locus for these 12 microsatellites ranged from four to 15. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.358 to 0.897 and from 0.369 to 0.886, respectively. The developed microsatellites will be useful for studying genetic diversity and population structure in E. roxburghiana.
Development and characterization of microsatellite loci for Cedrela fissilis Vell (Meliaceae), an endangered tropical tree species
Authors: Gandara F. B. , Tambarussi E. V. , Sebbenn Alexandre Magno , Ferraz E. M. , Moreno M. A. , Ciampi A. Y. , Vianello R. P. , Grattapaglia D. , Kageyama P. Y. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The timber of the Neotropical tree Cedrela fissilis is used in construction, shipbuilding, carpentry and for medical purposes. In this study, polymorphic microsatellite (SSR) markers derived from an enriched genomic library were characterized using 120 adult trees from four different C. fissilis populations. No substantial genotypic linkage disequilibrium was detected among all possible pairs of SSR loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 20, the average allele number ranged from 8 to 9.7, depending on the population. The observed heterozygosity among the different SSR loci varied from 0.0 to 1.00 , the expected heterozygosity varied from 0.07 to 0.95 On the population level, the average observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.50 to 0.63 and from 0.64 to 0.70, respectively. The average fixation index among populations ranged from 0.09 to 0.24. Thus, the SSR loci revealed high poly - morphism rates and can be used to study the genetic diversity,structure, mating system, and gene flow in C. fissilis.
Variation of the quantitative traits in a progeny test of Abies alba (Mill.) at the nursery stage
Authors: Mihai G. , Mirancea I. , Duta C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFifty-one full-sib families were created using 11 parents in a silver fir seed orchard and a half-diallel mating design. The seeds of control-pollinated families were sown in a nursery in autumn 2007. Growth and branches traits were measured during nursery testing, and genetic parameters were estimated at the ages of 3, 4, 5, and 6 years. The additive and dominance genetic variances were major sources of genetic variance. Dominance variance was greater than additive variance at these early ages for all traits. However, the ratio of SCA/GCA variance decreased from 23 to 14 for total height and from 36 to 19 for root collar diameter. Broadsense family heritability is higher than individual heritability. Height and root collar diameter are the most heritable traits in silver fir. The time trend of the five heritability estimates for total height increased with age. Significant trait-trait genetic correlations were obtained. Age-age genetic correlations were very high, and they displayed increasing trends with age. The selection of the most valuable parents and most valuable individuals within the best families could maximise genetic gain in the second breeding generation of silver fir.
Genetic parameters and prediction of breeding values in Castanopsis hystrix A.DC. for growth and form traits
Authors: Zhang F. Q. , Xu B. , Yang H. X. , Zhang W. H. , Zhu B. Z. , Wang Y. X. , Liao H. Q. , Pan Wen 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Castanopsis hystrix A.DC. is one of the most important and multipurpose tree species native to China. 157 open-pollinated families collected from 11 provenances in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian province were used to estimate genetic parameters for height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH), ground diameter (GD), and crown width (CW) for each province and combined three provinces at ages from 3 to 9 years. The variance component was small and non-significant among provenances but was highly significant among families within provenances for H, DBH, GD, and CW. Heritability estimates were significant except for a few traits from Fujian’s provenances. Heritability ranged from 0.20 to 0.57 for H, 0.19 to 0.38 for DBH, 0.21 to 0.55 for GD, and 0.09 to 0.39 for CW. Heritability estimates for H and DBH decreased with increased age for each province and combined three provinces. Significantly high genetic correlations were observed for ageage and trait-trait correlations, indicating that genetic performance at one trait was well correlated with another trait. In total, 22 families and 60 individuals were selected for backward and forward selection based on breeding values.
Individual, fruit, and annual variation in correlated mating in a Genipa americana population
Authors: Manoel R. O. , Freitas M. L. M. , Júniro E. Furlani , Alves P. F. , Moraes M. L. T. , Sebbenn A. M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we use six microsatellite loci to examine a spatially isolated population of Genipa americana in relation to mating system variation at the level of individual and among and within fruits, over two reproductive events. For our analysis, we sampled hierarchically among and within fruits open-pollinated seeds collected from 13 seed trees during the reproductive event in 2010 and 12 seed trees in 2011. The rate of mating among relatives (1-ts) was significantly greater than zero and different between the investigated reproductive events, indicating that some seeds are inbred. The estimate of fixation index (Fo) was significantly higher than zero for seeds from both reproductive events (2010: Fo = 0.258; 2011: Fo = 0.294), confirming that seeds present inbreeding, probably originated from mating among full-sibs. The multilocus paternity correlation within fruits (rp(w)) and among fruits (rp(a)) varied among seed trees and reproductive events. The rp(w) was significantly higher than rp(a) in both reproductive events, suggesting that it is more likely to find full-sibs within fruits (2010: 36.4%; 2011: 72.4%), than among fruits (2010: 18.9%; 2011: 12.8%). Due to the presence of inbreeding, mating among relatives and correlated mating, the within families coancestry coefficient (Θ) was higher and the variance effective size (Ne) lower than expected in open-pollinated families from panmictic populations (Θ = 0.125, Ne = 4). In practical terms for conservation programs, our results show the need to collect seeds from at least 60 seed trees to retain progeny arrays with a total effective size of 150.
Genetic and phenotypic correlations among volume, wood specific gravity and foliar traits in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss)
Authors: Pike Carolyn , Montgomery R. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhite spruce is highly valued by the forest products industry in North America. Through tree improvement efforts, selected genotypes can exceed wild sources by 30% in volume. Negative correlations between growth and wood specific gravity have been established, but differences in leaf morphology between high and low performing genotypes are less well understood. We sampled five trees from each of 30 families at each of two locations in a 25-year old progeny test in Minnesota. One wood core was collected from each tree to sample wood specific gravity (WSG), along with a branch collected from the upper crown to examine foliar traits. We confirmed negative correlations between stem volume and WSG, but several families combined high wood volume with only small reductions in WSG. Leaf area ratio and specific leaf area were positively, genetically correlated with volume growth but not correlated with WSG. Increased growth rates of selected genotypes may be attributed, in part, to shifts in allocation to leaves and in leaf morphology that may optimize light interception.
Association mapping for identification of ISSR and AFLP markers linked with resin yield in Himalayan Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii Sarg
Authors: Rawat Anita , Barthwal S. , Ginwal H. S. , Tripathi S. B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn Pinus roxburghii, marker-trait associations were studied for resin yield using a set of 238 DNA based markers derived from 9 ISSR and 5 AFLP primer pairs. A total of 240 genotypes of P. roxburghii from a natural population in Chakrata division (Tiunee range), Uttarakhand (India) were evaluated for resin yield. Based on stable resin production in consecutive years, 53 genotypes that were best representatives of the variation in resin yield (0.25 to 8.0 kg/tree/year) were used for genotyping and association analysis. For carrying out the association studies, two approaches were used. First, using simple linear regression, resin yield was regressed on all 238 available polymorphic markers (148 ISSR markers and 90 AFLP markers) and second, evidence for association was examined applying population structure information using STRUCTURE and STRAT to avoid any spurious associations between a candidate marker and phenotype. In regression analysis, 16 ISSR and 12 AFLP markers showed significant association with resin yield. In the second approach, 18 ISSR and 18 AFLP loci were found to be associated with resin yield in the absence of population structure out of which 2 ISSR and 3 AFLP loci were common with those associated in regression analysis. After accounting for population structure, 38 ISSR, and 3 AFLP loci revealed association out of which one ISSR and one AFLP locus was found to be common with both simple linear regression and test of association in the absence of population stratification. There was no obvious correlation between population structure and resin yield.
Spiritual Pain. Annäherung an einen Schlüsselbegriff interprofessioneller Spiritual Care
Authors: Peng-Keller Simon 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht das Konzept des ‚spirituellen Schmerzes‘ an einem Beispiel aus dem Bereich der Pädiatrie und im Hinblick auf die interprofessionellen Aufgaben von Spiritual Care. In einem ersten Schritt wird die mehrschichtige Genese des Konzepts bei Cicely Saunders nachgezeichnet, um es anschließend in Abgrenzung gegenüber verwandten Begriffen wie seelischem Schmerz (psychic pain), religiöser Anfechtung (religious struggle) oder spiritueller Bedrängnis (spiritual distress) weiter zu schärfen und theologisch zu vertiefen. Die Überlegungen münden in der These, dass ‚spiritueller Schmerz‘ als Sinnschmerz zu verstehen ist, der sich in körperlichem Schmerz manifestiert und diesen verstärkt.