bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement in the dissolved oxygen concentration and water exchange in Ofunato Bay, Japan, after the collapse of the bay‐mouth breakwater by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and tsunami
Authors: Kakehi Shigeho , Kamiyama Takashi , Kaga Yoshimasa , Naiki Kimiaki , Kaga Shinnosuke 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOyster and scallop aquaculture has flourished in Ofunato Bay, on the Sanriku Coast of Japan. Between 1967 and 2011, this bay was a highly enclosed area by a bay‐mouth breakwater, and while the breakwater provided calm conditions suitable for aquaculture, there was concern about water quality deterioration. The Tohoku Earthquake off the Pacific coast and the subsequent major tsunami on 11 March 2011 caused extensive damage to the Sanriku Coast, resulting in the collapse of the breakwater of Ofunato Bay. We analyzed the monthly hydrographic observational data that were collected between 1996 and 2015, supplemented with hydrographic observations and direct current measurements that were carried out after the earthquake. The historical hydrographic observational data showed the lowest dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were observed near the bottom in the bay. The average and standard deviation of the lowest DO concentrations of each monthly observation during the period before and after the earthquake were 5.81 ± 3.72 and 7.22 ± 1.49 mg L−1, respectively, and are significantly different. The oceanic water inflow and water exchange rate estimated by a box model based on the salt budget under the steady‐state estuarine circulation were also significantly different before and after the earthquake. An increase in the inflow of oceanic water and the more rapid water exchange in the bay after the earthquake induced marked improvements in the bottom DO concentration. These changes are considered to be attributable to the improved circulation of oceanic water in the bay that resulted from the collapse of the bay‐mouth breakwater.
The relationship between oestrogen receptor‐alpha phosphorylation and the tumour microenvironment in patients with primary operable ductal breast cancer
Authors: Cheng Kelvin K W , Dickson Ashley , Gujam Fadia J A , McMillan Donald C , Edwards Joanne 
Published: November 2016

AimsAlthough the role of phosphorylation of oestrogen receptor (ER) at serines 118 (p‐S118) and 167 (p‐S167) has been studied, the relationship between p‐S118, p‐S167 and the tumour microenvironment in ER‐positive primary operable ductal breast cancers have not been investigated. The aims of this study are to investigate (i) the relationship between p‐S118/p‐S167 and the tumour microenvironment, and (ii) the effect of p‐S118/167 on survival and recurrence in ER‐positive primary operable ductal breast cancers.Methods and resultsPatients presenting at three Glasgow hospitals between 1995 and 1998 with invasive ductal ER‐positive primary breast cancers were studied (n = 294). Immunohistochemical staining of p‐S118 and p‐S167 was performed and their association with clinicopathological characteristics, cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and recurrence‐free interval (RFI) were examined. In the whole cohort, tumour size (P < 0.05) and microvessel density (P < 0.05) were associated with high p‐S118 while increased micovessel density (P < 0.05), apoptosis (P < 0.05), general inflammatory infiltrate measured using the Klintrup–Makinen score (P < 0.05) and macrophage infiltrate (P < 0.05) were found to be associated with high p‐S167. Only high p‐S167 was associated with shorter CSS (P < 0.005) and shorter RFI in the whole cohort (P = 0.001) and separately in the luminal A (P < 0.05) and B tumours (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study showed that both p‐S118 and p‐S167 were associated with several microenvironmental factors, including increased microvessel density. In particular, p‐S167 was associated with reduced RFI and CSS in the whole cohort and RFI in luminal A and B tumours and could possibly be employed to predict response to kinase inhibitors.
New curricular design in biostatistics to prepare residents for an evidence‐based practice and lifelong learning education: a pilot approach
Authors: Arias A. , Peters O. A. , Broyles I. L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTo develop, implement and evaluate an innovative curriculum in biostatistics in response to the need to foster critical thinking in graduate healthcare education for evidence‐based practice and lifelong learning education.MethodologyThe curriculum was designed for first‐year residents in a postgraduate endodontic programme using a six‐step approach to curriculum development to provide sufficient understanding to critically evaluate biomedical publications, to design the best research strategy to address a specific problem and to analyse data by appropriate statistical test selection. Multiple learner‐centred instructional methods and formative and summative assessments (written tasks, simulation exercises, portfolios and pre–post knowledge tests) were used to accomplish the learning outcomes. The analysis of the achievement of the group of students and a satisfaction survey for further feedback provided to the residents at the end of the curriculum were used for curriculum evaluation.ResultsAll residents demonstrated competency at the end of the curriculum. The correct answer rate changed from 36.9% in the pre‐test to 79.8% in the post‐test. No common errors were detected in the rest of the assessment activities. All participants completed the questionnaire demonstrating high satisfaction for each independent category and with the overall educational programme, instruction and course in general.ConclusionsThe curriculum was validated by the assessment of students’ performance and a satisfaction survey, offering an example of a practical approach to the teaching of statistics to prepare students for a successful evidence‐based endodontic practice and lifelong learning education as practicing clinicians.
Judicial Reliance on Parental IQ in Appellate‐Level Child Welfare Cases Involving Parents with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Callow Ella , Tahir Munazza , Feldman Maurice 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundParents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) are over‐represented in child welfare cases. Although IQ per se is an invalid indicator of parenting abilities, this study examined the prevalence of judicial consideration of parental IQ test evidence in US appellate cases.MethodsThe present authors conducted Boolean searches of Westlaw Corporation's case database since 1999. The present authors used a six‐question checklist to survey the 42 most recent American appellate cases involving termination of parental rights (TPR) decisions that included evidence of parental intellectual and developmental disabilities based on IQ.ResultsIn 86% of cases, parental low IQ was presented as a barrier to parenting competence. Higher courts uphold TPR decision in 81% of cases involving parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities.ConclusionsParental IQ scores are routinely relied upon to judge parenting capacity in custody cases where parents have intellectual and developmental disabilities. The present authors recommend more comprehensive assessments examining a broader range of contextual variable that may impact on parenting abilities.
Genetic parameter estimates for prenatal and postnatal mortality in Nellore cattle
Authors: Magalhães Silva L.C. , Baldi F. , Aboujaoude C. , Venturini G.C. , Albuquerque L.G. , Paranhos da Costa M.J.R. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for prenatal (PRE) and postnatal (POS) mortality in Nellore cattle. A total of 13 141 (PRE) and 17 818 (POS) records from Nellore females were used. PRE and POS were recorded using binary scale scores: a score of ‘1’ was given to calves that were born alive (PRE) and those that were alive at weaning (POS), and a score of ‘0’ was given to calves that were not alive at or around birth (PRE), as well as to those weighed at birth but not at weaning (POS). The relationship matrix included 698 sires, 107 paternal grandsires and 69 maternal grandsires. Data were analysed using Bayesian inference and a sire–maternal grandsire threshold model, including contemporary groups as random effects, and the classes of dam age at the beginning of mating season (for PRE), and dam age at calving and birthweight (linear covariable) (for POS), as fixed effects. For both traits, the covariance between direct and maternal effects (rD,M) was estimated (rD,M≠ 0) or fixed at zero (rD,M = 0). PRE and POS rates were 3.00 and 4.04%, respectively. Estimates of direct and maternal heritability were 0.07 and 0.17, respectively, for PRE, and 0.02 and 0.07, respectively, for POS, assuming rD,M = 0. For rD,M ≠ 0, these estimates were 0.07 and 0.12, respectively, for PRE, and 0.03 and 0.07, respectively, for POS. The correlation estimates between direct and maternal effects were −0.71 (PRE) and −0.33 (POS). PRE and POS show low genetic variability, indicating that these traits probably suffer major environmental influences. Additionally, our study shows that the maternal genetic component affects preweaning calf mortality twice as much (or more) as the direct genetic component. A large number of offspring per sire is necessary in progeny tests to genetically decrease calf mortality.
TGF‐β1 rs1982073 polymorphism contributes to radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Shen Ze‐Tian , Shen Jun‐Shu , Ji Xiao‐Qin , Li Bing , Zhu Xi‐Xu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTransforming growth factor beta 1(TGF‐β1) polymorphism was associated with radiation pneumonitis (RP) susceptibility, but their results have been inconsistent. The PubMed and CNKI were searched for case‐control studies published up to Januray 01, 2016 was Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. In this meta‐analysis, we assessed eight publications involving 368 radiation pneumonitis cases and 855 controls of the association between TGF‐β1 T869C (rs1982073) and G915C (rs1800471) polymorphism and RP susceptibility. Our analysis suggested that TGF‐β1 T869C rs1982073 polymorphism was associated with lower RP risk for CT combined CC versus TT model (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.43–0.77). However, for the G915C rs1800471 polymorphism, no association was found between the polymorphism and the susceptibility to RP in GC combined CC versus GG model (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.50–1.35). These results from the meta‐analysis suggest that T869C rs1982073 polymorphism of TGF‐β1 may be associated with RP risk, and there may be no association between G915C polymorphism and RP risk.
Regenerative potential of leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin. Part B: sinus floor elevation, alveolar ridge preservation and implant therapy. A systematic review
Authors: Castro Ana B. , Meschi Nastaran , Temmerman Andy , Pinto Nelson , Lambrechts Paul , Teughels Wim , Quirynen Marc 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTo analyse the effect of leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) on bone regeneration procedures and osseointegration.Materials and MethodsAn electronic and hand search was conducted in three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane). Only randomized clinical trials, written in English where L‐PRF was applied in bone regeneration and implant procedures, were selected. No follow‐up restrictions were applied.ResultsA total of 14 articles were included and processed. Three subgroups were created depending on the application: sinus floor elevation (SFE), alveolar ridge preservation and implant therapy. In SFE, for a lateral window as well as for the trans‐alveolar technique, histologically faster bone healing was reported when L‐PRF was added to most common xenografts. L‐PRF alone improved the preservation of the alveolar width, resulting in less buccal bone resorption compared to natural healing. In implant therapy, better implant stability over time and less marginal bone loss were observed when L‐PRF was applied. Meta‐analyses could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of the data.ConclusionsDespite the lack of strong evidence found in this systematic review, L‐PRF might have a positive effect on bone regeneration and osseointegration.
Quality Attributes and Storage Stability of Chicken Meat Biscuits Incorporated with Wheat and Oat Bran
Authors: Kumar Pavan , Chatli Manish Kumar , Mehta Nitin , Malav O.P. , Verma Akhilesh K. , Kumar Devendra 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFiber‐enriched chicken meat biscuits incorporated with wheat bran and oat bran at three different levels i.e., 3% (W1/O1), 5.0% (W2/O2) and 7% (W3/O3) were formulated and evaluated. On the basis of sensory quality from each group, W2 and O2 were selected for storage study at ambient temperature for 180 days. The bran incorporation resulted in a significant lowering (P < 0.05) in the pH values, fat content, water activity and calorific values whereas moisture content, ash and crude fiber content of treatment recorded an increased trend. Bran treated samples were found with improved oxidative stability as measured by free fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value during storage. Treated biscuits were recorded with significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH value and higher water activity during entire storage. Oat bran incorporated chicken meat biscuit were found to better maintained sensory characteristics than wheat bran incorporated meat biscuits and control throughout the storage study.Practical ApplicationsBiscuits are generally cereal based snacks, lacking in essential amino acids and dietary fiber. The incorporation of meat and brans would increase its nutritive and functional value as well as keeping quality. It also partially fulfills the dietary requirement of dietary fiber.
Infliximab‐induced tuberculosis in patients with UC: Experience from India—a country with high prevalence of tuberculosis
Authors: Puri Amarender S , Desai Devendra , Sood Ajit , Sachdeva Sanjeev 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground and AimTuberculosis (TB) is a well‐recognized iatrogenic adverse event following administration of biologic therapy given for a variety of clinical indications. There is paucity of data on the development of TB following the use of biologics from countries with a high prevalence of TB. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of development of TB following biological therapy in a country, which is highly endemic for TB.MethodsThe article retrospectively analyse data from three referral inflammatory bowel disease centers to evaluate the risk of development of TB following biological therapy for patients with ulcerative colitis.ResultsOf the 79 patients with ulcerative colitis treated with infliximab, seven (8.8%) developed TB at a median interval of 8 weeks after the first exposure despite screening for latent TB. Three of the seven (42%) patients developed disseminated disease, whereas pulmonary disease was documented in four patients (57%). All patients were successfully treated with anti‐tuberculous drugs for a period of 6–13 months. In contrast to data from the West, none of the patients in our study had a fatal outcome. None of the patients required a colectomy after a median follow up of 2 years following cessation of the infliximab therapy.ConclusionsThese data suggest that despite the significantly higher prevalence, the outcome of TB after infliximab therapy is quite sanguine in the Indian subcontinent.
A novel substrate for multisensor hyperspectral imaging
Authors: OFNER J. , KIRSCHNER J. , EITENBERGER E. , FRIEDBACHER G. , KASPER‐GIEBL A. , LOHNINGER H. , EISENMENGER‐SITTNER C. , LENDL B. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe quality of chemical imaging, especially multisensor hyperspectral imaging, strongly depends on sample preparation techniques and instrumental infrastructure but also on the choice of an appropriate imaging substrate. To optimize the combined imaging of Raman microspectroscopy, scanning‐electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, a novel substrate was developed based on sputtering of highly purified aluminium onto classical microscope slides. The novel aluminium substrate overcomes several disadvantages of classical substrates like impurities of the substrate material and contamination of the surface as well as surface roughness and homogeneity. Therefore, it provides excellent conditions for various hyperspectral imaging techniques and enables high‐quality multisensor hyperspectral chemical imaging at submicron lateral resolutions.
Seizing the Ethical High Ground: Ethical Reputation Building in Corrupt Environments
Authors: Ramakrishna Velamuri S. , Venkataraman S. , Harvey William S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe study how ethical behaviour by firms leads to ethical reputation building. Based on our in‐depth studies of two firms in India and Zimbabwe that resisted corruption and survived for extended time periods, we propose that in addition to behaving ethically, firms need to elicit favourable responses from a critical mass of stakeholders from both strong and weak tie networks in order for their ethical reputations to diffuse quickly and widely. We find that the strength of stakeholder responses to ethical behaviour is moderated by firm level and contextual factors: high status affiliations, industry characteristics, the nature of corruption resisted, the presence of a plural press, the potential for collective action, and the presence of an independent judiciary. These antecedents also influence the pattern of stakeholder resource commitments that firms are able to enjoy as a result of having built ethical reputations.
Impaired Retinal Vasoreactivity: An Early Marker of Stroke Risk in Diabetes
Authors: Bettermann Kerstin , Slocomb Julia , Shivkumar Vikram , Quillen David , Gardner Thomas W. , Lott Mary E. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTDiabetes is a common cause of small vessel disease leading to stroke and vascular dementia. While the function and structure of large cerebral vessels can be easily studied, the brain's microvasculature remains difficult to assess. Previous studies have demonstrated that structural changes in the retinal vessel architecture predict stroke risk, but these changes occur at late disease stages. Our goal was to examine whether retinal vascular status can predict cerebral small vessel dysfunction during early stages of diabetes. Retinal vasoreactivity and cerebral vascular function were measured in 78 subjects (19 healthy controls, 22 subjects with prediabetes, and 37 with type‐2 diabetes) using a new noninvasive retinal imaging device (Dynamic Vessel Analyzer) and transcranial Doppler studies, respectively. Cerebral blood vessel responsiveness worsened with disease progression of diabetes. Similarly, retinal vascular reactivity was significantly attenuated in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes compared to healthy controls. Subjects with prediabetes and diabetes with impaired cerebral vasoreactivity showed mainly attenuation of the retinal venous flicker response. This is the first study to explore the relationship between retinal and cerebral vascular function in diabetes. Impairment of venous retinal responsiveness may be one of the earliest markers of vascular dysfunction in diabetes possibly indicating subsequent risk of stroke and vascular dementia.
Reinforcement in removable prosthodontics: a literature review
Authors: Takahashi T. , Gonda T. , Mizuno Y. , Fujinami Y. , Maeda Y. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryRemovable prosthodontics are often associated with mechanical troubles in daily use, such as fracture or deformation. These troubles render prostheses unusable and reduce wearers’ QOL. Various reinforcements are used to prevent such problems, but consensus on reinforcement has not been reached. This review aimed to summarise the effects of reinforcement and to propose favourable reinforcement based on material, design and position in the prostheses. Initially, 139 articles were selected by electronic and manual searches. After exclusion of 99 articles based on the exclusion criteria, 40 articles were finally included in the review. Electronic searches were performed for articles published from 2005 to 2015 in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library, and manual searches were performed in 10 journals relevant to the topic of removable prosthodontics. For in vitro studies, certain dental alloys and fibres were mainly used. Their forms were different, including complicated forms in dental alloys and various forms in fibres. The materials were examined for mechanical properties like fracture strength, flexural strength and elastic modulus and compared with one another or without reinforcement. There were a few clinical studies and one longitudinal study. Cast metal reinforcement seemed to be most favourable in terms of fracture toughness and stiffness. The most favourable forms differed depending on the prostheses, but placement around thin and deformable areas was effective. However, randomised or longitudinal clinical reports and comparative clinical studies on the use of reinforcement were still lacking and such studies are necessary in the future.
Pteridophyte fungal associations: Current knowledge and future perspectives
Authors: Pressel Silvia , Bidartondo Martin I. , Field Katie J. , Rimington William R. , Duckett Jeffrey G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCurrent understanding of the nature and function of fungal associations in pteridophytes is surprisingly patchy given their key evolutionary position, current research foci on other early‐branching plant clades, and major efforts at unravelling mycorrhizal evolution and the mechanisms underlying this key interaction between plants and fungi. Here we provide a critical review of current knowledge of fungal associations across pteridophytes and consider future directions making recommendations along the way. From a comprehensive survey of the literature, a confused picture emerges: suggestions that members of the Lycopsida harbour Basidiomycota fungi contrast sharply with extensive cytological and recent molecular evidence pointing to exclusively Glomeromycota and/or Mucoromycotina associations in this group. Similarly, reports of dark septate, assumingly ascomycetous, hyphae in a range of pteridophytes, advocating a mutualistic relationship, are not backed by functional evidence and the fact that the fungus invariably occupies dead host tissue points to saprotrophy and not mutualism. The best conclusion that can be reached based on current evidence is that the fungal symbionts of pteridophytes belong to the two fungal lineages Mucoromycotina and Glomeromycota. Do symbiotic fungi and host pteridophytes engage in mutually beneficial partnerships? To date, only two pioneering studies have addressed this key question demonstrating reciprocal exchange of nutrients between the sporophytes of Ophioglossum vulgatum and Osmunda regalis and their fungal symbionts. There is a pressing need for more functional investigations also extending to the gametophyte generation and coupled with in vitro isolation and resynthesis studies to unravel the effect of the fungi on their host.