bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Adenosine in the Human Brain During Sleep and Sleep Deprivation: An in Vivo Microdialysis Study
Authors: Zeitzer Jamie M. , Morales-Villagran Alberto , Maidment Nigel T. , Behnke Eric J. , Ackerson Larry C. , Lopez-Rodriguez Faustino , Fried Itzhak , Engel Jerome , Wilson Charles L. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Study Objectives:
To examine the pattern of extracellular adenosine in the human brain during sleep deprivation, sleep, and normal wake.

Design:
Following recovery from implantation of clinical depth electrodes, epilepsy patients remained awake for 40 continuous hours, followed by a recovery sleep episode.

Setting:
Neurology ward at UCLA Medical Center.

Patients or Participants:
Seven male epilepsy patients undergoing depth electrode localization of pharmacologically refractory seizures.

Interventions:
All subjects were implanted with depth electrodes, a subset of which were customized to contain microdialysis probes. Microdialysis samples were collected during normal sleep, sleep deprivation, and recovery sleep from human amygdalae (n=8), hippocampus (n=1), and cortex (n=1).

Measurements and Results:
In none of the probes did we observe an increase in extracellular adenosine during the sleep deprivation. There was a significant, though very small, diurnal oscillation (2.5%) in 5 of the 8 amygdalae. There was no effect of epileptogenicity on the pattern of extracellular adenosine.

Conclusions:
Our observations, along with those in animal studies, indicate that the role of extracellular adenosine in regulating sleep pressure is not a global brain phenomenon but is likely limited to specific basal forebrain areas. Thus, if energy homeostasis is a function of sleep, an increased rate of adenosine release into the extracellular milieu of the amygdala, cortex, or hippocampus is unlikely to be a marker of such a process.

Citation:
Zeitzer JM; Morales-Villagran A; Maidment NT et al. Extracellular adenosine in the human brain during sleep and sleep deprivation: an in vivo microdialysis study.
Perceptions and Attitudes of Romanian People Toward Autopsy Procedures According to the Level of Knowledge
Authors: Marinescu Daniela , Gyurka Gellért Attila , Miclăuş Roxana , Nemet Codruţa , Rogozea Liliana 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In the last decade, Romanian hospitals have been facing a decline in autopsy rates. This has had a negative impact on medical education and the training of young doctors. Quite a number of caregivers strongly oppose the carrying out of autopsies on their deceased loved ones who have died in hospital. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate how autopsies are perceived by an average person and whether improved knowledge about autopsies would help reduce people’s reluctance toward them. The study involved 216 willing participants who had either never had a loved one die in hospital or had never had the power to make a decision about their dead loved ones’ body. The method of data collection used was a medical inquiry–based questionnaire. Two questionnaires were used, one before and one after brief information regarding autopsy procedures. Only a small percentage of subjects really knew the meaning of an autopsy. Initially, they accepted that it was easier to consent to their own autopsy than to the autopsy of a loved one. This difference in opinion reduced after they were informed about autopsies. As for arguments against autopsies, the most frequent were integrity of the body and religious reasons. It is extremely useful to ensure people have proper information, in order to help them understand and appreciate the benefits of postmortem examinations. Religious, social, and cultural arguments might be put aside if proper information and new educational programs are put in place.
Incidence of Adhesive Bowel Obstruction After Colon Cancer Surgery and its Risk Factors
Authors: Seo Gi Hyeon , Choe Eun Kyung , Park Kyu Joo , Chai Young Jun 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
To elucidate the incidence of adhesive postoperative bowel obstruction (PBO) after colon cancer surgery and its risk factors using nationwide claim data.

Background:
PBO has a significant impact on quality of life and medical costs after colectomy, though most of the literature consists of single-institution analyses.

Methods:
Data from 24,645 patients who underwent regional colectomy for colon cancer from 2010 to 2012 and had at least 3 years of follow up were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. Patients who required nasogastric tube insertion or bowel obstruction surgery more than 30 days after index colectomy were defined as having PBO.

Results:
A total of 3083 (12.5%) patients experienced at least one PBO episode within 3 years after surgery. Logistic regression analysis showed that significant risk factors for PBO were elderly (odds ratio, OR = 1.13), male (OR = 1.27), open colectomy (OR = 1.99), and low-volume institution (OR = 1.17). Among 3083 PBO patients, 50.7% experienced their 1st PBO during the 1st year after the index colectomy, and 7.8% experienced recurrence within 3 years after index colectomy. The 3-year cumulative incidences of PBO according to risk factors of elderly, male, open colectomy, and low-volume institution were 14.6%, 14.3%, 19.5%, and 15.1%, respectively.

Conclusions:
We report several independent risk factors for PBO and its incidence after regional colectomy for colon cancer. These results are informative for medical providers as patients who will or have had the procedure and could be useful baseline data for further research on the active prevention or treatment of PBO after colectomy.
Spiking resonances in models with the same slow resonant and fast amplifying currents but different subthreshold dynamic properties
Authors: Rotstein Horacio G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe generation of spiking resonances in neurons (preferred spiking responses to oscillatory inputs) requires the interplay of the intrinsic ionic currents that operate at the subthreshold voltage regime and the spiking mechanism. Combinations of the same types of ionic currents in different parameter regimes may give rise to different types of nonlinearities in the voltage equation (e.g., parabolic- and cubic-like), generating subthreshold oscillations patterns with different properties. We investigate the spiking resonant properties of conductance-based models that are biophysically equivalent at the subthreshold level (same ionic currents), but functionally different (parabolic- and cubic-like). As a case study we consider a model having a persistent sodium current and a hyperpolarization-activated (h-) current. We unfold the concept of spiking resonance into evoked and output spiking resonance. The former focuses on the input frequencies that are able to generate spikes, while the latter focuses on the output spiking frequencies regardless of the input frequency that generated these spikes. A cell can exhibit one or both types of resonance. We also measure spiking phasonance, which is an extension of subthreshold phasonance to the spiking regime. The subthreshold resonant properties of both types of models are communicated to the spiking regime for low enough input amplitudes as the voltage response for the subthreshold resonant frequency band raises above threshold. For higher input amplitudes evoked spiking resonance is no longer present, but output spiking resonance is present primarily in the parabolic-like model, while the cubic-like model shows a better 1:1 entrainment. We use dynamical systems tools to explain the underlying mechanisms and the mechanistic differences between the resonance types. Our results show that the effective time scales that operate at the subthreshold regime to generate intrinsic subthreshold oscillations, mixed-mode oscillations and subthreshold resonance do not necessarily determine the existence of a preferred spiking response to oscillatory inputs in the same frequency band. The results discussed in this paper highlight both the complexity of the suprathreshold responses to oscillatory inputs in neurons having resonant and amplifying currents with different time scales and the fact that the identity of the participating ionic currents is not enough to predict the resulting patterns, but additional dynamic information, captured by the geometric properties of the phase-space diagram, is needed.
Reproducibility of R-fMRI Metrics on the Impact of Different Strategies for Multiple Comparison Correction and Sample Sizes
Authors: Chen Xiao , Lu Bin , Yan Chao-Gan 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTConcerns regarding reproducibility of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) findings have been raised. Little is known about how to operationally define R-fMRI reproducibility and to what extent it is affected by multiple comparison correction strategies and sample size. We comprehensively assessed two aspects of reproducibility, test-retest reliability and replicability, on widely used R-fMRI metrics in both between-subject contrasts of sex differences and within-subject comparisons of eyes-open and eyes-closed (EOEC) conditions. We noted permutation test with Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement (TFCE), a strict multiple comparison correction strategy, reached the best balance between family-wise error rate (under 5%) and test-retest reliability / replicability (e.g., 0.68 for test-retest reliability and 0.25 for replicability of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) for between-subject sex differences, 0.49 for replicability of ALFF for within-subject EOEC differences). Although R-fMRI indices attained moderate reliabilities, they replicated poorly in distinct datasets (replicability < 0.3 for between-subject sex differences, < 0.5 for within-subject EOEC differences). By randomly drawing different sample sizes from a single site, we found reliability, sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) rose as sample size increased. Small sample sizes (e.g., < 80 (40 per group)) not only minimized power (sensitivity < 2%), but also decreased the likelihood that significant results reflect “true” effects (PPV < 0.26) in sex differences. Our findings have implications for how to select multiple comparison correction strategies and highlight the importance of sufficiently large sample sizes in R-fMRI studies to enhance reproducibility.
Smartphone chronic gaming consumption and positive coping practice
Authors: de Kervenoael Ronan , Schwob Alexandre , Palmer Mark , Simmons Geoff 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Chronic consumption practice has been greatly accelerated by mobile, interactive and smartphone gaming technology devices. The purpose of this paper is to explore how chronic consumption of smartphone gaming produces positive coping practice.

Design/methodology/approach
Underpinned by cognitive framing theory, empirical insights from 11 focus groups (n=62) reveal how smartphone gaming enhances positive coping amongst gamers and non-gamers.

Findings
The findings reveal how the chronic consumption of games allows technology to act with privileged agency that resolves tensions between individuals and collectives. Consumption narratives of smartphone games, even when play is limited, lead to the identification of three cognitive frames through which positive coping processes operate: the market-generated, social being and citizen frames.

Research limitations/implications
This paper adds to previous research by providing an understanding of positive coping practice in the smartphone chronic gaming consumption.

Originality/value
In smartphone chronic gaming consumption, cognitive frames enable positive coping by fostering appraisal capacities in which individuals confront hegemony, culture and alterity-morality concerns.
Using lateritic gravel as all-in aggregate for concrete production
Authors: Asiedu Richard Ohene 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The quest to reduce the cost of concrete which is a major construction input has prompted investigations into assessing the suitability of alternative sources of conventional materials. This paper aims to report the compressive strength and workability of lateritic gravel used as all-in aggregate for concrete production.

Design/methodology/approach
Three prescribed mixes from all-in aggregate concrete were compared with concrete from lateritic gravel. The paper investigated the variation in strength of four different mixes – 100: 0, 90: 10, 80: 20 and 70: 30 – when portions of the lateritic gravel were replaced with pit sand, respectively, using varying water cement ratios to achieve optimal workability.

Findings
The density and compressive strength of each cube was measured on the 7th and 28th test dates. An increase in slump and compressive strength was observed in the lateritic concrete, as portions of the lateritic gravel were replaced with sand. However, the rate of increase in the compressive strength tended to decrease with increase in part replacement of lateritic gravel with sand indicating that there was a threshold of percentage of sand increase after which the compressive strengths are likely to decrease. This work never reached this threshold, but it is estimated to be about 40 per cent.

Research limitations/implications
Investigations focused on lateritic gravel sampled from two sites to represent samples from both the forest and savannah belt.

Practical/implications
Lateritic gravel can be used as all-in aggregate for non-structural concrete.

Originality/value
The compressive strengths achieved were better than those for the available normal all-in aggregate used.
The impact of cash transfers on livelihoods, education, health and HIV – what's the evidence?
Authors: Taaffe Jessica E. , Longosz Andrew F. , Wilson David 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCash transfers are a development intervention aimed at alleviating shocks from chronic poverty and inequality by reducing the risks and vulnerabilities associated with them. Implementation of cash transfer programmes is growing rapidly around the world, providing a body of evidence demonstrating the impact of cash transfers in many development sectors, including livelihoods, education and health. Cash transfers have also been effective in influencing positive outcomes forHIVprevention synergistically with other development sectors. Yet, programme effectiveness is greatly influenced by context, including issues such as conditionality, durability and political will. Nevertheless, the evidence strongly supports the effectiveness of cash transfers in leading to positive and multi‐sectoral development outcomes, warranting greater use of such programmes.
State capacity and the quality of policies. Revisiting the relationship between openness and government size
Authors: Franco Chuaire María , Scartascini Carlos , Tommasi Mariano 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCountries with different levels of state capacity have access to different sets of policies. In particular, countries with strong state capabilities are able to draw from a broader menu of policies than countries with lower capabilities. We apply and test this insight to the case of exposure to trade‐related risk. So far, most of the literature has considered that only one type of policy—the one that increases government size—can help to overcome the challenge imposed by openness. However, there are a number of policies that can mitigate trade‐induced risks, many of which do not have the necessary implication of increasing public spending. Yet, many such policies require governmental capabilities not available to any country. For that reason, while the choice of a particular policy within a menu depends on political conditions, the relationship between openness and the size of government might be mediated by the capabilities of states. This paper provides reduced form evidence confirming that the empirical relationship between openness and government size is conditional on state capabilities. Therefore, public policies cannot be assessed independently of the capacity of the State that would have to implement them.
Effects of age and viscosity on food transport and breathing–swallowing coordination during eating of two‐phase food in nursing home residents
Authors: Yamada Tsuyoshi , Matsuo Koichiro , Izawa Masayuki , Yamada Shizuru , Masuda Yuji , Ogasawara Tadashi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimWhen eating food that contains both liquid and solid phases, the liquid component frequently enters the hypopharynx before swallowing and can increase the risk of aspiration. Thus, we examined whether the initial viscosity of mixed consistency food could alter pre‐swallow food transport and breathing–swallowing coordination in older adults.MethodsFiberoptic endoscopy was recorded while 18 healthy young adults and 19 older adults ate 5 g of steamed rice combined with 3 mL of blue‐dye water. Liquid viscosity was set at three levels by the addition of a thickening agent (0 wt%, thin; 2 wt%, thicker; 4 wt%, higher‐viscosity, respectively). We measured the timing of swallow initiation and its corresponding respiratory phase for each participant.ResultsFor thin mixed consistency food, whereas the timing of swallow initiation was comparable between young and older participants, swallowing was initiated during inspiration significantly more often in older participants (31.6 %) than in young participants (5.6 %). In contrast, the timing of swallow initiation was delayed in older participants for thicker and higher‐viscosity foods, although swallowing was commonly initiated during expiration in both groups.ConclusionsIn older adults, we observed that swallow initiation function was preserved for thin mixed consistency samples, but breathing–swallowing coupling was diminished. For higher‐viscosity foods, swallow initiation was delayed in this group, but breathing–swallowing coordination was not disturbed, probably as a result of the slow bolus flow into the hypopharynx. Thus, it appears the initial viscosity of mixed consistency food profoundly affects food transport before swallowing as well as breathing–swallowing coordination in nursing home residents. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2171–2177.
Factorial design to minimize residual oxygen in reaction hot‐pressed zirconium diboride
Authors: Neuman Eric , Fahrenholtz William , Hilmas Gregory 
Published: April 2017

AbstractProcessing parameters to minimize the residual oxygen content of ZrB2 ceramics prepared by reactive hot‐pressing were selected using statistical analysis. Additions of carbon and excess boron were used to react with oxygen present in the starting ZrH2 and B powders as an impurity. A 32 full‐factorial experimental design was used to determine the carbon and excess boron contents that minimized residual oxygen content in the final ZrB2 ceramic while also minimizing formation of any impurity phases. Carbon additions were effective at reducing the oxygen content, but resulted in the formation of residual ZrC. Boron additions were also effective at removing oxygen, but to a lesser extent compared to carbon. In addition to being more effective at removing oxygen, carbon additions also improved the densification behavior, whereas boron additions inhibited densification. The stoichiometric reaction resulted in a ZrB2 ceramic with a relative density of 99%, but that contained 6.9 vol% of (Zr1−x,Mgx)O2−x as a residual phase following reactive hot‐pressing. The composition with a carbon addition to starting oxygen content having a molar ratio of 1, and a boron to zirconium molar ratio of 2.1, resulted in a 95% dense ceramic with only 0.1 vol% of residual (Zr1−x,Mgx)O2−x and trace amounts of ZrC.
The Marriage and Family Therapy Practice Research Network (MFT‐PRN): Creating a More Perfect Union Between Practice and Research
Authors: Johnson Lee N. , Miller Richard B , Bradford Angela B. , Anderson Shayne R. 
Published: April 2017

This article describes the Marriage and Family Therapy Practice Research Network (MFT‐PRN). TheMFT‐PRNis designed to build a professional community based on practice‐informed research and research‐informed practice, increase the diversity of participants inMFTresearch, and unify researchers and clinicians. Clinics choose measures from a list that best represent their clinic needs. Clients' outcomes are assessed regularly, and therapists receive immediate graphical feedback on how clients are progressing or digressing. Data are pooled to create a large and diverse database, while improving client outcomes. We will discuss advantages of theMFT‐PRNfor researchers, therapists, clients, and agencies, and provide one model that we hope will inform other collaborative clinical‐research models in the field of marriage and family therapy.Video Abstract is found in the online version of the article.
The Mind and Heart of Resonance: The Role of Cognition and Emotions in Frame Effectiveness
Authors: Giorgi Simona 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article synthesizes the large and burgeoning literature on framing to unpack how frames achieve resonance with an audience. The analysis identifies two main resonance types: cognitive, based on an appeal to audiences’ beliefs and understandings, and emotional, based on an appeal to audiences’ feelings, passions, and aspirations. For each type, this paper delves into distinct mechanisms, applications, and outcomes to shed light on the complex bases for audiences’ reactions to framing and the factors that can hinder or favour resonance. Applications for this conceptualization of resonance and future venues of research are identified and discussed.
Role of upper gastrointestinal contrast studies for suspected malrotation in neonatal population
Authors: Birajdar Suresh , Rao Shripada C , Bettenay Fiona 
Published: April 2017

AimUpper gastrointestinal (UGI) contrast study is the preferred radiological investigation to diagnose malrotation of intestine. We aimed to review the role of UGI contrast in neonates (term and preterm) who were clinically suspected to have malrotation.MethodsThe study included a retrospective review of medical charts and radiology reports.ResultsA total of 164 newborn infants underwent UGI contrast study to rule out malrotation during the study period (2006–2015). Median gestational age at the time of presentation was 38 weeks (interquartile range: 35.5–39.6 weeks). Median age for clinical presentation was day 2 of life (interquartile range: 2–5 days). Out of the 164 contrast studies, 112 were normal, whereas 52 were reported to have malrotation. Of those 52 infants, 47 were confirmed to have malrotation on surgery (positive predictive value: 90). Of the 112 infants with normal UGI contrasts, nine infants underwent laparotomy for ongoing clinical symptoms out of which four infants were diagnosed to have malrotation on laparotomy. There were 22 infants born at gestational age <32 weeks, who underwent UGI contrast studies to rule out malrotation. Their clinical symptoms were similar to necrotising enterocolitis. Of 22 preterm contrast studies, six were reported to have malrotation; of these, five had surgically confirmed malrotation. No complications related to the contrast study were noted in both term and preterm infants.ConclusionCurrent study reaffirms the role of UGI contrast study as the investigation of choice for diagnosis of malrotation, in both term and preterm infants. UGI contrast is safe and well tolerated even in preterm infants.