bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bringing Organisations and Systems Back Together: Extending Clark's Entrepreneurial University
Authors: Rhoades Gary , Stensaker Bjørn 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBurton R. Clark's 1998 book, Creating Entrepreneurial Universities, has had a major impact on the field of higher education, especially internationally. In this paper, key aspects of Clark's conceptualisation of organisational pathways of transformation are identified, speaking to its theoretical and empirical contributions to higher education studies, policy and practice. In addition, the larger corpus of Clark's work is built on to offer avenues by which considerations of systems analysis and organisational studies can be brought back together to address the strategic challenges and opportunities for individual universities and state as well as national systems of higher education.
The emerging role of GSK‐3β in the pathobiology of classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Agostinelli Claudio , Carloni Silvia , Limarzi Francesco , Righi Simona , Laginestra Maria Antonella , Musuraca Gerardo , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Napolitano Roberta , Cuneo Antonio , Vergara Daniele , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Sabattini Elena , Pileri Stefano A , De Matteis Serena 
Published: February 2017

AimsGlycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta (GSK‐3β) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in glycogen metabolism, cell cycle progression, differentiation, embryogenesis, migration, metabolism, survival and cellular senescence. Its main biological function is to inhibit β‐catenin by sequestration and promotion of its proteasomal degradation in the Wnt canonical pathway; however, GSK‐3β interacts with multiple signalling pathways, and aberrant expression of the enzyme was reported in many solid neoplasms. This study aimed to investigate the biological relevance of GSK‐3β in classical Hodgkin lymphomas (cHL).Methods and resultsWe analysed the functional status of GSK‐3β enzyme in cHL by using antibodies raised against fixation‐resistant epitopes of phospho Y216 GSK‐3β (active form), phospho S9 GSK‐3β (inactive form) and β‐catenin protein. We first detected the pY216 GSK‐3β active form of the enzyme in 100 of 100 (100%) of the cases, and in line with the latter expression profile, the β‐catenin protein was found in only 12 of 100 (12%) of the samples. As reported previously in bladder cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, we showed an aberrant nuclear localization in the neoplastic clone of active pY216 GSK‐3β in 78 of 100 (78%) of cHL cases.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the activation of GSK‐3β in cHL resulting in inhibition of the Wnt/β‐catenin signal cascade and the aberrant accumulation of its activated form in nuclei of Hodgkin Reed–Sternberg and Hodgkin cells. These findings may be relevant for future clinical studies, identifying GSK‐3β as a potential therapeutic target for cHL.
Dentine matrix proteins: isolation and effects on human pulp cells
Authors: Widbiller M. , Eidt A. , Lindner S. R. , Hiller K.‐A. , Schweikl H. , Buchalla W. , Galler K. M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimTo establish a simplified and efficient protocol for the isolation and concentration of matrix proteins from human dentine, and to assess the effects of extracted dentine matrix proteins (eDMP) on the behaviour of human pulp cells.MethodologyMatrix proteins were isolated from human dentine, purified, concentrated and characterized with protein and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Culture media were supplemented with eDMP in different concentrations, referred to as eDMP 1–10 000, to assess viability and proliferation of human pulp cells by DNA and MTT assays; apoptotic events were quantified by flow cytometry. Chemotactic effects of eDMP were assessed in a modified Boyden chamber assay. Expression levels of odontoblastic marker genes in pulp cells cultured with eDMPs were determined by real‐time quantitative PCR, and the ability to induce mineralization was demonstrated by alizarin red staining. Nonparametric statistical analysis was performed to pairwise compare different groups at all time‐points (Mann–Whitney U‐test, α = 0.05).ResultsHigh concentrations of eDMP exhibited significant antiproliferative effects (P ≤ 0.023) after 5 (eDMP 1000) and 7 days (eDMP 500) without affecting cell viability. Apoptosis was barely influenced (P ≥ 0.089). eDMP exerted a concentration‐dependent chemotactic stimulus on dental pulp cells with statistical significance already at low dosage (P = 0.006 at eDMP 10). Changes in gene expression indicated a differentiation into odontoblast‐like cells, which was corroborated by findings of mineral nodule formation.ConclusionsA novel, effective and time‐saving protocol for isolation and concentration of dentine matrix proteins is presented. As eDMP stimulates chemotaxis, differentiation and mineralization without affecting viability, endogenous dentine matrix proteins might be valuable for approaches to regenerate or engineer dental pulp.
Optimisation of extraction conditions and thermal properties of protein from the Andean pseudocereal cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)
Authors: Betalleluz‐Pallardel Indira , Inga Marianela , Mera Lizbeth , Pedreschi Romina , Campos David , Chirinos Rosana 
Published: February 2017

SummaryResponse surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise alkaline protein extraction from cañihua grain meal as to maximise protein extraction yield. Different factors (temperature, extraction time, solvent/meal ratio, pH and NaCl molar concentration) were screened, and their significant influence on the extracted protein yield was evaluated. The first four factors were selected and studied by RSM using a central composite design (CCD). The obtained model produced a satisfactory fitting of the results (R2 = 0.801). Optimal cañihua protein extraction conditions corresponded to a temperature of 21 °C, time extraction of 5 min, solvent/meal ratio of 37/1 (v/w) at pH 10 resulting in a protein yield of 80.4 ± 1.3%, which closely agree with the predicted value of 81.4%. Moreover, protein degradation was studied via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) obtaining a denaturation temperature of 93.4 °C and an enthalpy value of 1.22 ± 0.05 J g−1. These results are interesting from a technological point to help in designing an optimal protein extraction process and cañihua food processing strategies.
Technological properties, in vitro starch digestibility and in vivo glycaemic index of bread containing crude malva nut gum
Authors: Phimolsiripol Yuthana , Siripatrawan Ubonrat , Teekachunhatean Supanimit , Wangtueai Sutee , Seesuriyachan Phisit , Surawang Suthat , Laokuldilok Thunnop , Regenstein Joe M. , Henry Christiani Jeyakumar 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe effects of crude malva nut gum (CMG) on the texture, digestion and the glycaemic index (GI) of white bread were investigated. Different CMG levels (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% w/w based on weight of flour) were added into a bread formula. The lightness (L*) and loaf‐specific volumes of the bread decreased with increased CMG levels. Firmness of the bread increased with increased CMG content. The in vitro starch digestion kinetics showed that bread containing CMG had generally lower predicted GI (74–81 vs. the control). In vivo human testing showed that increasing the CMG reduced the GI of the bread. The GI values of bread containing CMG ranged from 73 to 98 of the control. Overall liking scores of consumers ranged between ‘like slightly’ and ‘like moderately’ (6.1–7.1) compared to 7.1 for the control. Thus, the addition of CMG in carbohydrate‐based foods may lower the GI.
Water‐dispersible microparticles of polyunsaturated oils
Authors: Chimpibul Wichchulada , Rengpipat Sirirat , Wanichwecharungruang Supason 
Published: February 2017

SummaryHealth benefits of polyunsaturated oils are well known; nevertheless, incorporating these oils into food/feed products is not possible due to their chemical instability. Here purified fish oil with 32% (w/w) polyunsaturated fatty acids is co‐encapsulated with the antioxidant butylhydroxyanisole, into 1.0 ± 0.7 μm cellulose‐based microspheres by solvent precipitation method, at the fish oil loading content of 41% and encapsulation efficiency of 81%. Aqueous suspension of the encapsulated fish oil particles shows significantly improved oxidative stability, thermal stability, photostability and shelf‐life stability. Dry powder of the fish oil particles shows excellent shelf‐life stability. Double bond functionality of the encapsulated oil can tolerate high production temperature such as the shrimp feed production process (95 °C for 10 min) or spray dry process (outlet temperature of 120 °C). This encapsulation strategy using biocompatible cellulose polymer should enable effective and versatile applications of polyunsaturated oils in foods, feeds and cosmetics.
Microstructure evolution of a W‐doped ZrB2ceramic upon high‐temperature oxidation
Authors: Silvestroni Laura , Sciti Diletta , Monteverde Frédéric , Stricker Kerstin , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis basic research deals with the microstructure evolution of a W‐doped ZrB2ceramic, as‐sintered and upon oxidation at 1650°C. Transmission electron microscopy enabled to disclose microstructural features occurred during oxidation never observed before. In the pristine material, (Zr,W)B2solid solutions surround the original ZrB2nuclei, whereas refractory W‐compounds at triple junctions and clean grain boundaries are distinctive of this ceramic. After oxidation, the microstructure is typified by intragranular nanostructures, in which nanosized W inclusions remained trapped within ZrO2grains, or decorate their surfaces. The understanding of the oxidation reactions occurring in the system as a function of the oxygen partial pressure was fundamental to conclude that W‐based compounds do not notably suppress or retard the oxidation of ZrB2ceramics.
Thermo‐structural design of ZrB2–SiC‐based thermal protection system for hypersonic space vehicles
Authors: Purwar Anupam , Basu Bikramjit 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe leading edges of hypersonic space vehicle experience high temperature and stress due to prevailing aerothermodynamic conditions of extreme heat flux and pressure. The design of thermal protection system (TPS) to protect the metallic airframe structure can ensure longer life and reliability under flight conditions. The effective design of TPS system requires the precise quantitative understanding of thermo‐mechanical stresses and deformation, which demands careful computational study under flight simulated conditions. In the above perspective, TPS design for a leading edge exposed to Mach 7 hypersonic flow for 250 seconds has been carried out by performing finite element‐based thermo‐structural analysis with pressure and heat flux estimated from computational fluid dynamics analysis (CFD). The fidelity and robustness of CFD scheme is established using grid independence and convergence analysis. CFD analysis effectively captures the formation of bow shock around the leading edge and stagnation region near its nose. For finite element analysis, high‐quality structural elements have been generated using HyperMesh to precisely model the thermo‐structural behavior of TPS. In our computational analysis, TPS is modeled as a three‐layered system with outermost layer of ZrB2‐SiC, middle layer of phenolic cork and innermost layer of Ti‐alloy. The analytical values of spatial variation of temperature, stress components, and displacement across the TPS have been critically analysed to rationalise specific structural configuration for better thermo‐structural stability. Together with temporal variation of temperature, the implication of such computational results has led us to propose a new design for TPS. The proposed TPS is capable of containing the stress and displacement within 32 MPa and 0.58 mm, respectively, when the leading edge is exposed to shock induced aero‐thermal heating as high as 2.11 MW/m2 and pressure of 72.8 kPa for a hypersonic cruise flight of 500 km range.
Saitohin Q7R polymorphism is associated with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease susceptibility among caucasian populations: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Rong , Tian Sai , Cai Rongrong , Sun Jie , Xia Wenqing , Dong Xue , Shen Yanjue , Wang Shaohua 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSaitohin (STH) Q7R polymorphism has been reported to influence the individual's susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, conclusions remain controversial. Therefore, we performed this meta‐analysis to explore the association between STH Q7R polymorphism and AD risk. Systematic literature searches were performed in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science for studies published before 31 August 2016. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association using a fixed‐ or random‐effects model. Subgroup analyses, Galbraith plot and sensitivity analyses were also performed. All statistical analyses were performed with STATA Version 12.0. A total of 19 case–control studies from 17 publications with 4387 cases and 3972 controls were included in our meta‐analysis. The results showed that the Q7R polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of AD in a recessive model (RR versus QQ+QR, OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.01–1.60, P = 0.040). After excluding the four studies not carried out in caucasians, the overall association was unchanged in all comparison models. Further subgroup analyses stratified by the time of AD onset, and the quality of included studies provided statistical evidence of significant increased risk of AD in RR versus QQ+QR model only in late‐onset subjects (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.07–2.26, P = 0.021) and in studies with high quality (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.01–1.86, P = 0.043). This meta‐analysis suggests that the RR genotype in saitohin Q7R polymorphism may be a human‐specific risk factor for AD, especially among late‐onset AD subjects and caucasian populations.
Endothelial glycocalyx as a critical signalling platform integrating the extracellular haemodynamic forces and chemical signalling
Authors: Zeng Ye 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe glycocalyx covers the human mammalian cells and plays important roles in stroke, inflammation and atherosclerosis. It has also been shown to be involved in endothelial mechanotransduction of shear stress. Shear stress induces the remodelling of the major component of the glycocalyx including glypican‐1, a cell membrane heparan sulphate proteoglycan. Other factors, such as sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), protect the glycocalyx against syndecan‐1 ectodomain shedding and induce the synthesis of heparan sulphate. In this study, we reviewed the role of shear stress and S1P in glycocalyx remodelling and revealed that the glycocalyx is a critical signalling platform, integrating the extracellular haemodynamic forces and chemical signalling, such as S1P, for determining the fate of endothelial cells and vascular diseases. This review integrated our current understanding of the structure and function of the glycocalyx and provided new insight into the role of the glycocalyx that might be helpful for investigating the underlying biological mechanisms in certain human diseases, such as atherosclerosis.
Description and Molecular Phylogeny of a Novel Hypotrich Ciliate from the Soil of Marche Region, Italy; Including Notes on the MOSYSS Project
Authors: Bharti Daizy , Kumar Santosh , La Terza Antonietta 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe morphology and morphogenesis during cell division of a new stylonychine hypotrich, Rigidocortex quadrinucleatus n. sp., were investigated using live observation and protargol staining. The new species was isolated from soil samples collected from an organic farm in the Marche Region, Italy, in framework of the MOSYSS project. Rigidocortex quadrinucleatus is characterized as follows: cell size about 180 × 80 μm in vivo; four ellipsoidal macronuclear nodules; 44 adoral membranelles: 18 fronto‐ventral‐transverse cirri consisting of three frontal, four frontoventral, one buccal, three ventral, two pretransverse, and five transverse cirri; dorsal kinety 3 with multiple fragmentation; resting cyst with hyaline ridges. Rigidocortex quadrinucleatus mainly differs from the type species R. octonucleatus in having four (vs. eight) macronuclear nodules. Rigidocortex quadrinucleatus can be easily confused with Sterkiella cavicola since both have a rather similar ventral ciliature; however, they can be separated by the slightly higher number of cirri in the left marginal row that runs along the posterior cell's margin in R. quadrinucleatus. Morphogenesis on the ventral surface is highly similar to that of Sterkiella species, but differs significantly on the dorsal surface (multiple vs. simple fragmentation of dorsal kinety 3). Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequences consistently place the new species within the stylonychine oxytrichids, clustering closer to Gastrostyla steinii than to S. cavicola.
Role of Modular Polyketide Synthases in the Production of Polyether Ladder Compounds in Ciguatoxin‐Producing Gambierdiscus polynesiensis and G. excentricus (Dinophyceae)
Authors: Kohli Gurjeet S. , Campbell Katrina , John Uwe , Smith Kirsty F. , Fraga Santiago , Rhodes Lesley L. , Murray Shauna A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGambierdiscus, a benthic dinoflagellate, produces ciguatoxins that cause the human illness Ciguatera. Ciguatoxins are polyether ladder compounds that have a polyketide origin, indicating that polyketide synthases (PKS) are involved in their production. We sequenced transcriptomes of Gambierdiscus excentricus and Gambierdiscus polynesiensis and found 264 contigs encoding single domain ketoacyl synthases (KS; G. excentricus: 106, G. polynesiensis: 143) and ketoreductases (KR; G. excentricus: 7, G. polynesiensis: 8) with sequence similarity to type I PKSs, as reported in other dinoflagellates. In addition, 24 contigs (G. excentricus: 3, G. polynesiensis: 21) encoding multiple PKS domains (forming typical type I PKSs modules) were found. The proposed structure produced by one of these megasynthases resembles a partial carbon backbone of a polyether ladder compound. Seventeen contigs encoding single domain KS, KR, s‐malonyltransacylase, dehydratase and enoyl reductase with sequence similarity to type II fatty acid synthases (FAS) in plants were found. Type I PKS and type II FAS genes were distinguished based on the arrangement of domains on the contigs and their sequence similarity and phylogenetic clustering with known PKS/FAS genes in other organisms. This differentiation of PKS and FAS pathways in Gambierdiscus is important, as it will facilitate approaches to investigating toxin biosynthesis pathways in dinoflagellates.
Impact of a targeted direct marketing price promotion intervention (Buywell) on food‐purchasing behaviour by low income consumers: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Stead M. , MacKintosh A. M. , Findlay A. , Sparks L. , Anderson A. S. , Barton K. , Eadie D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrice promotions are a promising intervention for encouraging healthier food purchasing. We aimed to assess the impact of a targeted direct marketing price promotion combined with healthy eating advice and recipe suggestions on the purchase of selected healthier foods by low income consumers.MethodsWe conducted a randomised controlled trial (n = 53 367) of a direct marketing price promotion (Buywell) combined with healthy eating advice and recipe suggestions for low income consumers identified as ‘less healthy’ shoppers. Impact was assessed using electronic point of sale data for UK low income shoppers before, during and after the promotion.ResultsThe proportion of customers buying promoted products in the intervention month increased by between 1.4% and 2.8% for four of the five products. There was significantly higher uptake in the promotion month (P < 0.001) for the intervention group than would have been expected on the basis of average uptake in the other months. When product switching was examined for semi‐skimmed/skimmed milk, a modest increase (1%) was found in the intervention month of customers switching from full‐fat to low‐fat milk. This represented 8% of customers who previously bought only full‐fat milk. The effects were generally not sustained after the promotion period.ConclusionsShort‐term direct marketing price promotions combined with healthy eating advice and recipe suggestions targeted at low income consumers are feasible and can have a modest impact on short‐term food‐purchasing behaviour, although further approaches are needed to help sustain these changes.
IP3 receptor mutations and brain diseases in human and rodents
Authors: Hisatsune Chihiro , Mikoshiba Katsuhiko 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is a huge Ca2+ channel that is localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. The IP3R releases Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum upon binding to IP3, which is produced by various extracellular stimuli through phospholipase C activation. All vertebrate organisms have three subtypes of IP3R genes, which have distinct properties of IP3‐binding and Ca2+ sensitivity, and are differently regulated by phosphorylation and by their associated proteins. Each cell type expresses the three subtypes of IP3R in a distinct proportion, which is important for creating and maintaining spatially and temporally appropriate intracellular Ca2+ level patterns for the regulation of specific physiological phenomena. Of the three types of IP3Rs, the type 1 receptor (IP3R1) is dominantly expressed in the brain and is important for brain function. Recent emerging evidence suggests that abnormal Ca2+ signals from the IP3R1 are closely associated with human brain pathology. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in our knowledge of the regulation of IP3R1 and its functional implication in human brain diseases, as revealed by IP3R mutation studies and analysis of human disease‐associated genes.This article is part of the mini review series “60th Anniversary of the Japanese Society for Neurochemistry”.image
The Medtronic Micro Vascular Plug™ for Vascular Embolization in Children With Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Sathanandam Shyam , Justino Henri , Waller B. Rush , Gowda Srinath T. , Radtke Wolfgang , Qureshi Athar M. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo describe the early multi‐center, clinical experience with the Medtronic Micro Vascular Plug™ (MVP) in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing vascular embolization.BackgroundThe MVP is a large diameter vascular occlusion device that can be delivered through a microcatheter for embolization of abnormal blood vessels.MethodsA retrospective review of embolization procedures using the MVP in children with CHD was performed in 3‐centers. Occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus using the MVP was not included.ResultsTen children underwent attempted occlusion using the MVP. The most common indication to use the MVP was failed attempted occlusion using other embolic devices. Five, single ventricle patients (median age 3‐years, median weight 14.9 kg) underwent occlusion of veno‐venous collaterals following bidirectional Glenn operation. Three patients (Median age 8 years) underwent occlusion of coronary artery fistulae (CAF). Two patients (age 7 months and 1 year) underwent occlusion of large aorto‐pulmonary collaterals. A 7‐day‐old child with a large CAF required 2 MVPs and an Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP‐II) for complete occlusion. Occlusion of all other blood vessels was achieved using a single MVP. One MVP embolized distally in an 8‐years‐old child with a large CAF. There were no other procedural complications or during follow‐up (median 9 months).ConclusionsThe MVP is a new, large‐diameter vascular embolization device that can be delivered through a microcatheter. It may play an important role in providing highly effective occlusion of abnormal vessels in children.