bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Insight into the Pressure‐Decreasing Mechanism of Hydrophobic Silica Nanoparticles Modified byn‐Propyltrichlorosilane
Authors: Zhao Mingwei , Wang Shilu , Dai Caili 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHydrophobic silica nanoparticles were prepared for pressure decreasing in water injection through modification of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles byn‐propyltrichlorosilane. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and surface hydroxyl number measurement results certified that the modification was very successful. The core flowing experiment showed that the modified hydrophobic silica nanoparticles have an excellent pressure‐decreasing ability. The contact angles measurement results showed that the core chip changed from strong water wet to neutral wet after treated by the modified silica nanoparticles. In this work, a roughness decreasing mechanism is proposed to explain the pressure‐decreasing mechanism of modified silica nanoparticles. After injection into the core, the modified silica nanoparticles occupied the spaces between the sand grains, forming a discontinuous hydrophobic film on the flowing channel surface. This can not only partially change the wettability of the sand surface, but also decrease the roughness of the core flowing channel, decreasing the critical layer thickness and flowing pressure accordingly.
L'alternance des voyelles moyennes en coratin : une analyse basée sur la théorie des éléments
Authors: Bucci Jonathan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCoratino is a dialect spoken in the region of Puglia, in which there is a process of vowel reduction: all unstressed vowels except /a/ are reduced to schwa. However, this reduction does not happen when a vowel is adjacent to a consonant that shares a melody element, such as palatality for front vowels and velarity or labiality for back vowels. In addition, the ATR property of the mid vowels alternates: stressed /ε,ɔ/ are realized as [e,o] in unstressed positions, and /o,ɔ/ surface as [u] only when the adjacent consonant is velar. The analysis of this alternation is based on a version of Element Theory, and also on the licensing constraints that on the one hand define the specific choice a language makes among the combinatory possibilities, and on the other hand play a role in defining the properties of the phonological processes in the language.
Liver fat: a relevant target for dietary intervention? Summary of a Unilever workshop
Authors: Peters Harry P. F. , Schrauwen Patrick , Verhoef Petra , Byrne Christopher D. , Mela David J. , Pfeiffer Andreas F. H. , Risérus Ulf , Rosendaal Frits R. , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCurrently it is estimated that about 1 billion people globally have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition in which liver fat exceeds 5 % of liver weight in the absence of significant alcohol intake. Due to the central role of the liver in metabolism, the prevalence of NAFLD is increasing in parallel with the prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance and other risk factors of metabolic diseases. However, the contribution of liver fat to the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD, relative to other ectopic fat depots and to other risk markers, is unclear. Various studies have suggested that the accumulation of liver fat can be reduced or prevented via dietary changes. However, the amount of liver fat reduction that would be physiologically relevant, and the timeframes and dose–effect relationships for achieving this through different diet-based approaches, are unclear. Also, it is still uncertain whether the changes in liver fatper seor the associated metabolic changes are relevant. Furthermore, the methods available to measure liver fat, or even individual fatty acids, differ in sensitivity and reliability. The present report summarises key messages of presentations from different experts and related discussions from a workshop intended to capture current views and research gaps relating to the points above.
UNIMODULARITY UNIFIED
Authors: GARCÍA DARÍO , WAGNER FRANK O. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnimodularity is localized to a complete stationary type, and its properties are analysed. Some variants of unimodularity for definable and type-definable sets are introduced, and the relationship between these different notions is studied. In particular, it is shown that all notions coincide for non-multidimensional theories where the dimensions are associated to strongly minimal types.
Droning On: Explaining the Proliferation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Fuhrmann Matthew , Horowitz Michael C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), more popularly known as “drones,” have become emblematic of twenty-first century military technologies but scholars have yet to convincingly explain the drivers of UAV proliferation. Using the first systematic data set of UAV proliferation, this research note examines the spread of UAVs in the context of scholarly debates about interests versus capacity in explaining policy adoption. The results yield important insights for both IR scholarship and the policy-making community. While countries that experience security threats—including territorial disputes and terrorism—are more likely to seek UAVs, drone proliferation is not simply a function of the threat environment. We find evidence that democracies and autocracies are more likely than mixed regimes to develop armed UAV programs, and suggest that autocracies and democracies have their own unique incentives to acquire this technology. Moreover, supply-side factors play a role in the UAV proliferation process: a state's technological capacity is a strong predictor of whether it will obtain the most sophisticated UAVs. The theories and evidence we present challenge emerging views about UAV proliferation and shed useful light on how and why drones spread.
The AU Task Forces: an African response to transnational armed groups
Authors: Brubacher Matthew , Damman Erin Kimball , Day Christopher 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThis article examines the Task Forces created by the African Union (AU) to address the security threats posed by Boko Haram and the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA). It argues that these Task Forces are well suited to address transnational armed groups whose ambiguous political goals and extreme violence make traditional conflict resolution ineffective. Although the Task Forces fall within the AU's collective security mandate and broadly within the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA), their distinct characteristics make it more capable of addressing these new cross-border threats. Their reliance on nationally funded and directed militaries also allow the Task Forces to fulfil both the goals of the AU and the interests of the regimes that take leadership roles within these structures.
Genetic and other risk factors for suicidal ideation and the relationship with depression
Authors: Dutta R. , Ball H. A. , Siribaddana S. H. , Sumathipala A. , Samaraweera S. , McGuffin P. , Hotopf M. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThere is a genetic contribution to the risk of suicide, but sparse prior research on the genetics of suicidal ideation.MethodsActive and passive suicidal ideation were assessed in a Sri Lankan population-based twin registry (n = 3906 twins) and a matched non-twin sample (n = 2016). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations with socio-demographic factors, environmental exposures and psychiatric symptoms. The heritability of suicidal ideation was assessed using structural equation modelling.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of any suicidal ideation was 13.0% (11.7–14.3%) for men; 21.8% (20.3–23.2%) for women, with no significant difference between twins and non-twins. Factors that predicted suicidal ideation included female gender, termination of marital relationship, low education level, urban residence, losing a parent whilst young, low standard of living and stressful life events in the preceding 12 months. Suicidal ideation was strongly associated with depression, but also with abnormal fatigue and alcohol and tobacco use. The best fitting structural equation model indicated a substantial contribution from genetic factors (57%; CI 47–66) and from non-shared environmental factors (43%; CI 34–53) in both men and women. In women this genetic component was largely mediated through depression, but in men there was a significant heritable component to suicidal ideation that was independent of depression.ConclusionsThese are the first results to show a genetic contribution to suicidal ideation that is independent of depression outside of a high-income country. These phenomena may be generalizable, because previous research highlights similarities between the aetiology of mental disorders in Sri Lanka and higher-income countries.
Children's comprehension of plural predicate conjunction
Authors: TIEU LYN , ROMOLI JACOPO , POORTMAN EVA , WINTER YOAD , CRAIN STEPHEN 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrevious developmental studies of conjunction have focused on the syntax of phrasal and sentential coordination (Lust, 1977; de Villiers, Tager-Flusberg & Hakuta, 1977; Bloom, Lahey, Hood, Lifter & Fiess, 1980, among others). The present study examined the flexibility of children's interpretation of conjunction. Specifically, when two predicates that can apply simultaneously to a single individual are conjoined in the scope of a plural definite (The bears are big and white), conjunction receives a Boolean, intersective interpretation. However, when the conjoined predicates cannot apply simultaneously to an individual (The bears are big and small), conjunction receives a weaker ‘split’ interpretation (Krifka, 1990; Lasersohn, 1995; Winter, 1996). Our experiments reveal that preschool-aged children are sensitive to both intersective and split interpretations, and can use their lexical and world knowledge of the relevant predicates in order to select an appropriate reading.
Prenilpotent pairs in the E10 root lattice
Authors: ALLCOCK DANIEL 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTits has defined Kac–Moody groups for all root systems, over all commutative rings with unit. A central concept is the idea of a prenilpotent pair of (real) roots. In particular, writing down his group presentation explicitly would require knowing all the Weyl-group orbits of such pairs. We show that for the hyperbolic root system E10 there are so many orbits that any attempt at direct enumeration is impractical. Namely, the number of orbits of prenilpotent pairs having inner product k grows at least as fast as (constant) ⋅ k7 as k → ∞. Our purpose is to motivate alternate approaches to Tits' groups, such as the one in [2].
The Power Developed by Birds
Authors: Penaud A. 
Published: May 2017

In 1866 Mr. Wenham pointed out that birds whilst in rapid flight encountered at each instant a fresh undisturbed body of air, and dispensed less power in full flight than in hovering. M. de Lauvire showed also, about the same time, the advantage of the oblique action of surfaces upon the air, in taking for basis the experiments of Thibault.I have been able to establish the very simple law of the resistance to flat surfaces moving at very oblique angles in a fluid, and I developed their result in 1872.By introducing in my calculations the results of several observations that I have made upon the different species of birds, I determined very nearly the work dispensed by them in full flight, this work was equivalent according to the species and the size of wings, to the elevation of the weight of the animal from 20in. to 5ft. per second, and generally superior to 40in. for the large species.
Second Paper on the Flight of Birds
Authors: Sutton Henry 
Published: May 2017

“The principle by which birds overcome the action of gravity is commonly assumed by investigators to be the superiority of the resistance of the down stroke of the wingto that of the up. They assume that birds fly by thedifference of the resistances.“I have already shown in a former Paper how flighttakes place by the proper resolution of the two resistances. I will now demonstrate the utter absurdity of the difference of resistance theories.“We will observe the action of a bird just on the point of leaving the ground—and in the study of flight, this, with the period of a lighting, is the most important for observation, as it is during these two periods that the bird exercises most the principles by which it overcomes gravity.
Population pharmacokinetics of fludarabine in patients with aplastic anemia and Fanconi anemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Mohanan E , Panetta J C , Lakshmi K M , Edison E S , Korula A , Fouzia N A , Abraham A , Viswabandya A , Mathews V , George B , Srivastava A , Balasubramanian P 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with a conditioning regimen consisting of fludarabine (F-araA) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) is associated with improved outcome in young patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and Fanconi anemia (FA), several factors limit the success of the procedure. We evaluated the population pharmacokinetics (POPPK) of F-araA and its influence on HSCT outcome in patients (n=53) with AA and FA undergoing HSCT. Patients carrying a 5′-UTR polymorphism in NT5E gene (rs2295890 G>C) exhibited significantly lower plasma F-araA clearance compared to those with wild-type genotype (7.12 vs 5.03 L/h/m2 (29%) P<0.05). F-araA clearance was significantly higher in patients with AA compared to FA (2.46 ×, P<1e−6). Of all the outcome parameters evaluated (engraftment, rejection/graft failure, GvHD, TRM, OS), high F-araA AUC (>29.4 μm*h) was the only significant factor associated with the development of aGvHD by both univariate and multivariate analysis (P=0.02). The influence of plasma F-araA levels need to be evaluated in a larger cohort of patients to propose the need for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Preserved cognitive functions with age are determined by domain-dependent shifts in network responsivity
Authors: Samu Dávid , Campbell Karen L. , Tsvetanov Kamen A. , Shafto Meredith A. ,   Cam-CAN consortium, Brayne Carol , Bullmore Edward T. , Calder Andrew C. , Cusack Rhodri , Dalgleish Tim , Duncan John , Henson Richard N. , Matthews Fiona E. , Marslen-Wilson William D. , Rowe James B. , Cheung Teresa , Davis Simon , Geerligs Linda , Kievit Rogier , McCarrey Anna , Mustafa Abdur , Price Darren , Taylor Jason R. , Treder Matthias , van Belle Janna , Williams Nitin , Bates Lauren , Emery Tina , Erzinçlioglu Sharon , Gadie Andrew , Gerbase Sofia , Georgieva Stanimira , Hanley Claire , Parkin Beth , Troy David , Auer Tibor , Correia Marta , Gao Lu , Green Emma , Henriques Rafael , Allen Jodie , Amery Gillian , Amunts Liana , Barcroft Anne , Castle Amanda , Dias Cheryl , Dowrick Jonathan , Fair Melissa , Fisher Hayley , Goulding Anna , Grewal Adarsh , Hale Geoff , Hilton Andrew , Johnson Frances , Johnston Patricia , Kavanagh-Williamson Thea , Kwasniewska Magdalena , McMinn Alison , Norman Kim , Penrose Jessica , Roby Fiona , Rowland Diane , Sargeant John , Squire Maggie , Stevens Beth , Stoddart Aldabra , Stone Cheryl , Thompson Tracy , Yazlik Ozlem , Barnes Dan , Dixon Marie , Hillman Jaya , Mitchell Joanne , Villis Laura , Tyler Lorraine K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHealthy ageing has disparate effects on different cognitive domains. The neural basis of these differences, however, is largely unknown. We investigated this question by using Independent Components Analysis to obtain functional brain components from 98 healthy participants aged 23–87 years from the population-based Cam-CAN cohort. Participants performed two cognitive tasks that show age-related decrease (fluid intelligence and object naming) and a syntactic comprehension task that shows age-related preservation. We report that activation of task-positive neural components predicts inter-individual differences in performance in each task across the adult lifespan. Furthermore, only the two tasks that show performance declines with age show age-related decreases in task-positive activation of neural components and decreasing default mode (DM) suppression. Our results suggest that distributed, multi-component brain responsivity supports cognition across the adult lifespan, and the maintenance of this, along with maintained DM deactivation, characterizes successful ageing and may explain differential ageing trajectories across cognitive domains.
Antibody-powered nucleic acid release using a DNA-based nanomachine
Authors: Ranallo Simona , Prévost-Tremblay Carl , Idili Andrea , Vallée-Bélisle Alexis , Ricci Francesco 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA wide range of molecular devices with nanoscale dimensions have been recently designed to perform a variety of functions in response to specific molecular inputs. Only limited examples, however, utilize antibodies as regulatory inputs. In response to this, here we report the rational design of a modular DNA-based nanomachine that can reversibly load and release a molecular cargo on binding to a specific antibody. We show here that, by using three different antigens (including one relevant to HIV), it is possible to design different DNA nanomachines regulated by their targeting antibody in a rapid, versatile and highly specific manner. The antibody-powered DNA nanomachines we have developed here may thus be useful in applications like controlled drug-release, point-of-care diagnostics and in vivo imaging.
The molecular basis of thin filament activation: from single molecule to muscle
Authors: Longyear Thomas , Walcott Sam , Debold Edward P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFor muscles to effectively power locomotion, trillions of myosin molecules must rapidly attach and detach from the actin thin filament. This is accomplished by precise regulation of the availability of the myosin binding sites on actin (i.e. activation). Both calcium (Ca++) and myosin binding contribute to activation, but both mechanisms are simultaneously active during contraction, making their relative contributions difficult to determine. Further complicating the process, myosin binding accelerates the attachment rate of neighboring myosin molecules, adding a cooperative element to the activation process. To de-convolve these two effects, we directly determined the effect of Ca++ on the rate of attachment of a single myosin molecule to a single regulated actin thin filament, and separately determined the distance over which myosin binding increases the attachment rate of neighboring molecules. Ca++ alone increases myosin’s attachment rate ~50-fold, while myosin binding accelerates attachment of neighboring molecules 400 nm along the actin thin filament.
The mitochondrial genomes of the acoelomorph worms Paratomella rubra, Isodiametra pulchra and Archaphanostoma ylvae
Authors: Robertson Helen E. , Lapraz François , Egger Bernhard , Telford Maximilian J. , Schiffer Philipp H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAcoels are small, ubiquitous - but understudied - marine worms with a very simple body plan. Their internal phylogeny is still not fully resolved, and the position of their proposed phylum Xenacoelomorpha remains debated. Here we describe mitochondrial genome sequences from the acoels Paratomella rubra and Isodiametra pulchra, and the complete mitochondrial genome of the acoel Archaphanostoma ylvae. The P. rubra and A. ylvae sequences are typical for metazoans in size and gene content. The larger I. pulchra mitochondrial genome contains both ribosomal genes, 21 tRNAs, but only 11 protein-coding genes. We find evidence suggesting a duplicated sequence in the I. pulchra mitochondrial genome. The P. rubra, I. pulchra and A. ylvae mitochondria have a unique genome organisation in comparison to other metazoan mitochondrial genomes. We found a large degree of protein-coding gene and tRNA overlap with little non-coding sequence in the compact P. rubra genome. Conversely, the A. ylvae and I. pulchra genomes have many long non-coding sequences between genes, likely driving genome size expansion in the latter. Phylogenetic trees inferred from mitochondrial genes retrieve Xenacoelomorpha as an early branching taxon in the deuterostomes. Sequence divergence analysis between P. rubra sampled in England and Spain indicates cryptic diversity.
ALOX5 exhibits anti-tumor and drug-sensitizing effects in MLL-rearranged leukemia
Authors: Wang Yungui , Skibbe Jennifer R. , Hu Chao , Dong Lei , Ferchen Kyle , Su Rui , Li Chenying , Huang Hao , Weng Hengyou , Huang Huilin , Qin Xi , Jin Jie , Chen Jianjun , Jiang Xi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a fatal disease with a high rate of relapse and therapeutic failure due to chemotherapy resistance. In analysis of our Affymetrix microarray profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, we found that ALOX5 is especially down-regulated in MLL-rearranged AML, via transcription repression mediated by Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Colony forming/replating and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) assays showed that Alox5 exhibited a moderate anti-tumor effect both in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, leukemic cells with Alox5 overexpression showed a significantly higher sensitivity to the standard chemotherapeutic agents, i.e., doxorubicin (DOX) and cytarabine (Ara-C). The drug-sensitizing role of Alox5 was further confirmed in human and murine MLL-rearranged AML cell models in vitro, as well as in the in vivo MLL-rearranged AML BMT model coupled with treatment of “5 + 3” (i.e. DOX plus Ara-C) regimen. Stat and K-Ras signaling pathways were negatively correlated with Alox5 overexpression in MLL-AF9-leukemic blast cells; inhibition of the above signaling pathways mimicked the drug-sensitizing effect of ALOX5 in AML cells. Collectively, our work shows that ALOX5 plays a moderate anti-tumor role and functions as a drug sensitizer, with a therapeutic potential, in MLL-rearranged AML.
Three-dimensional quantitative fracture analysis of tight gas sandstones using industrial computed tomography
Authors: Lai Jin , Wang Guiwen , Fan Zhuoying , Chen Jing , Qin Ziqiang , Xiao Chengwen , Wang Shuchen , Fan Xuqiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTight gas sandstone samples are imaged at high resolution industrial X-ray computed tomography (ICT) systems to provide a three-dimensional quantitative characterization of the fracture geometries. Fracture networks are quantitatively analyzed using a combination of 2-D slice analysis and 3-D visualization and counting. The core samples are firstly scanned to produce grayscale slices, and the corresponding fracture area, length, aperture and fracture porosity as well as fracture density were measured. Then the 2-D slices were stacked to create a complete 3-D image using volume-rendering software. The open fractures (vug) are colored cyan whereas the calcite-filled fractures (high density objects) are colored magenta. The surface area and volume of both open fractures and high density fractures are calculated by 3-D counting. Then the fracture porosity and fracture aperture are estimated by 3-D counting. The fracture porosity and aperture from ICT analysis performed at atmospheric pressure are higher than those calculated from image logs at reservoir conditions. At last, the fracture connectivity is determined through comparison of fracture parameters with permeability. Distribution of fracture density and fracture aperture determines the permeability and producibility of tight gas sandstones. ICT has the advantage of performing three dimensional fracture imaging in a non-destructive way.