bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metallomesogens with Luminescent Behaviour: Palladium Complexes Derived from Alkylamide Tetraarylporphyrins
Authors: Moura Nuno M. M. , Cuerva Cristián , Cavaleiro José A. S. , Mendes Ricardo F. , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Cano Mercedes , Neves M. Graça P. M. S. , Lodeiro Carlos 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA series of meso‐tetraaryl‐substituted free‐base porphyrins containing different numbers of alkyl amide chains with different lengths, as well as the corresponding palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes, were prepared in good yields and were fully characterised. The crystal structure of the palladium(II) complex containing eight alkyl chains with five carbon atoms was unequivocally elucidated by means of single‐crystal XRD studies. The thermal behaviour of the new compounds was studied by polarised light optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Porphyrins with eight terminal alkyl chains containing five and eight carbon atoms, and the corresponding palladium(II) complexes, behave as liquid‐crystalline materials, exhibiting lamellar columnar mesophases at temperatures above 80 °C. The number of terminal alkyl chains and the palladium(II) metal centre play a key role in achieving mesomorphic behaviour.
Generalized OSTBC‐based subcarrier intensity‐modulated MIMO optical wireless communication system
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Bansal Ankur , Garg Parul 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we analyze an optical wireless communication (OWC) system having a source and a destination node, equipped with multiple transmit and receive apertures, respectively. We utilize generalized orthogonal space‐time block codes (OSTBCs) of any arbitrary order and subcarrier intensity modulation scheme for data transmission over gamma–gamma (GG) fading optical links using M‐ary phase‐shift keying (PSK) constellation. A symbol‐wise decoding is utilized, and the closed‐form expression of the approximate average symbol error rate (SER) of multi‐aperture‐based OWC system is obtained for the generalized OSTBC and an arbitrary M‐PSK constellation. Using the derived SER expression, we analytically evaluate the diversity order and the coding gain of the OWC system with GG atmospheric turbulence. It has been shown by the numerical results that the maximum possible diversity is achieved by using the symbol‐wise maximum likelihood decoding in the destination. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding Uncertainties in the Economic Feasibility of Transportation Fuel Production using Biomass Gasification and Mixed Alcohol Synthesis
Authors: Ou Longwen , Li Boyan , Dang Qi , Jones Susanne , Brown Robert , Wright Mark M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study evaluates uncertainties in the techno‐economic analysis of transportation fuel production from biomass gasification and mixed alcohol synthesis. Two scenarios are considered: a state‐of‐technology scenario and a target scenario with projected technological advances. Uncertainties of more than 10 parameters are investigated. The probability distributions of these parameters are estimated based on historical price data and experimental data. Data samples generated from the corresponding distribution are then utilized to run a Monte Carlo simulation. The results yield minimum fuel‐selling prices of $ 1.85 L−1 with a standard deviation of 0.13 for the state‐of‐technology scenario and $ 1.14 L−1 with a standard deviation of 0.11 for the target scenario, respectively. The feedstock price and internal rate of return (IRR) have significant impacts on the minimum fuel‐selling price in both scenarios. These findings are indicative of the reduction in biofuel cost and uncertainty achievable with increasing technology maturity.
Method for Increasing the Humidity in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Carello M. , Vita A. De , Ferraris A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe water content within the polymer electrolyte membrane is essential to have good proton conduction and high efficiency of a fuel cell system. In this paper a new technique to increase the fuel cell efficiency acting on the internal humidity will be presented. In order to understand the potentialities and the limitations of such technique, the method was studied in a theoretical approach and then applied on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1 kW PEMFC) that supplies the energy for the traction of a prototype vehicle, which took part in the last Shell Eco‐marathon competition. Finally has been verified that the membrane water content is related to the hydrogen consumption and for some applications (e.g., military single‐use equipment), the “filling” method could be advantageous over humidified system and non‐humidified systems. To ensure the proper success of the procedure it is also applied the differential method to fault detection.
Self‐other resonance, its control and prosocial inclinations: Brain–behavior relationships
Authors: Christov‐Moore Leonardo , Iacoboni Marco 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHumans seem to place a positive reward value on prosocial behavior. Evidence suggests that this prosocial inclination is driven by our reflexive tendency to share in the observed sensations, emotions and behavior of others, or “self‐other resonance”. In this study, we examine how neural correlates of self‐other resonance relate to prosocial decision‐making. Subjects performed two tasks while undergoing fMRI: observation of a human hand pierced by a needle, and observation and imitation of emotional facial expressions. Outside the scanner, subjects played the Dictator Game with players of low or high income (represented by neutral‐expression headshots). Subjects’ offers in the Dictator Game were correlated with activity in neural systems associated with self‐other resonance and anticorrelated with activity in systems implicated in the control of pain, affect, and imitation. Functional connectivity between areas involved in self‐other resonance and top‐down control was negatively correlated with subjects’ offers. This study suggests that the interaction between self‐other resonance and top‐down control processes are an important component of prosocial inclinations towards others, even when biological stimuli associated with self‐other resonance are limited. These findings support a view of prosocial decision‐making grounded in embodied cognition. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1544‐1558, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intermittent intraoperative nerve monitoring in thyroid reoperations: Preliminary results of a randomized, single‐surgeon study
Authors: Hei Hu , Zhou Bin , Qin Jianwu , Song Yongping 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether intermittent intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) could reduce the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis in thyroid reoperations.MethodsEnrolled patients were randomly assigned into the nerve integrity monitor (NIM) group and the control group.ResultsThe incidence of temporary RLN paralysis and permanent RLN paralysis was 12.2% and 4.9% in the NIM group compared with 7.0% and 2.3% in the control group (p = .658 and p = .966, respectively). The incidence of surgeon‐related paralysis, tumor‐related paralysis, and scar‐related paralysis was 4.9%, 7.3%, and 4.9% in the NIM group compared with 4.7%, 2.3%, and 2.3% in the control group, respectively (p = 1, p = .575, and p = .966, respectively).ConclusionIntermittent IONM could not provide additional benefits to reduce the incidence of temporary RLN paralysis and permanent RLN paralysis in thyroid reoperations. It could not reduce the incidence of paralysis caused by unintentional injuries. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1993–E1997, 2016
Clinical outcomes in patients with T4 laryngeal cancer treated with primary radiotherapy versus primary laryngectomy
Authors: Vengalil Salil , Giuliani Meredith E. , Huang Shao Hui , McNiven Andrea , Song Yuyao , Xu Wei , Chan Biu , Hope Andrew , Cho John , Bayley Andrew , Ringash Jolie , Goldstein David , Razak Albiruni , Irish Jonathan , Gilbert Ralph , Gullane Patrick , Waldron John , Kim John , O'Sullivan Brian 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes of T4 laryngeal cancers.MethodsT4 laryngeal cancers treated with curative intent from January 2003 to December 2010 were analyzed. Outcomes were evaluated in both primary radiotherapy (+/− chemotherapy) (RT/CRT) and primary surgery cohorts.ResultsAmong the 65 primary RT/CRT and 42 primary surgery patients included, median follow‐up was 4.4 years. There was a trend for improved locoregional control with surgery (74% vs 88%; p = .08). In the RT/CRT group the 3‐year laryngectomy‐free survival was 67%. The 2‐year gastrostomy dependency rate was 23% with RT/CRT versus 6% with primary surgery (p = .07). Overall survival (OS) at 3 years was significantly lower in the RT/CRT versus primary surgery group (41% vs 70%; p < .01).ConclusionLaryngeal preservation is achieved in over two thirds of patients with primary RT/CRT. Patients with low volume minimal cartilage involvement T4 disease may be best suited to RT/CRT. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2035–E2040, 2016
Extreme precipitation drives groundwater recharge: the Northern High Plains Aquifer, central United States, 1950–2010
Authors: Zhang Jien , Felzer Benjamin S. , Troy Tara J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFuture extreme precipitation (EP, daily rainfall amount over certain thresholds) is projected to increase with global climate change; however, its effect on groundwater recharge has not been fully explored. This study specifically investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of groundwater recharge and the effects of extreme precipitation (daily rainfall amount over the 95th percentile, which is tagged by ranking the percentiles in each season for a base period) on groundwater recharge from 1950 to 2010 over the Northern High Plains (NHP) Aquifer using the Soil Water Balance Model. The results show that groundwater recharge significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the eastern NHP from 1950 to 2010, where the highest annual average groundwater recharge occurs compared to the central and the western NHP. In the eastern NHP, 45.1% of the annual precipitation fell as EP, which contributed 56.8% of the annual total groundwater recharge. In the western NHP, 30.9% of the annual precipitation fell as extreme precipitation, which contributed 62.5% of the annual total groundwater recharge. In addition, recharge by extreme precipitation mainly occurred in late spring and early summer, before the maximum evapotranspiration rate, which usually occurs in mid‐summer until late fall. A dry site in the western NHP and a wet site in the eastern NHP were analysed to indicate how recharge responds to EP with different precipitation regimes. The maximum daily recharge at the dry site exceeded the wet site when there was EP. When precipitation fell as non‐extreme rainfall, most recharge was less than 5 mm at both the dry and wet sites, and the maximum recharge at the dry site became lower than the wet site. This study shows that extreme precipitation plays a significant role in determining groundwater recharge. © 2016 The Authors Hydrological Processes Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Effectiveness of rapid response teams on rates of in‐hospital cardiopulmonary arrest and mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Solomon Rose S. , Corwin Gregory S. , Barclay Dawn C. , Quddusi Sarah F. , Dannenberg Michelle D. 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDIn 2004, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's 100,000 Lives Campaign recommended that hospitals implement rapid response teams (RRTs) charged with identifying non–intensive care unit (ICU) patients at risk for rapid deterioration. Although RRTs are now in widespread use, there have been conflicting results regarding the impact of RRTs on hospital mortality and cardiopulmonary arrest.PURPOSETo assess the effectiveness of RRTs on reducing hospital mortality and non‐ICU cardiopulmonary arrest rates.DATA SOURCESWe conducted a systematic review using MEDLINE (1966–2014), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1898–2014), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (1994–2014), and ClinicalTrials.gov (1997–2014) during October 2014. There were no constraints on language or publication status.DATA EXTRACTIONWe included before‐after studies, cohort studies, and cluster randomized trials that reported hospital mortality and/or non‐ICU cardiopulmonary arrest for adults hospitalized in a non‐ICU setting after the implementation of RRTs and/or medical emergency teams (METs). Data were extracted by 2 sets of 2 independent reviewers using a standardized data‐collection form. Disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. Authors were contacted to obtain any missing data.DATA SYNTHESISOur search identified 691 studies, of which 30 met criteria for inclusion in the analysis. Implementation of an RRT/MET was associated with a significant decrease in hospital mortality (relative risk [RR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83‐0.93, I2 = 86%, 3,478,952 admissions) and a significant decrease in the number of non‐ICU cardiac arrests (RR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.55‐0.69, I2 = 71%, 3,045,273 admissions).CONCLUSIONSImplementation of an RRT/MET is associated with a reduction in both hospital mortality and non‐ICU cardiopulmonary arrests. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:438–445. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
A multi‐objective optimization algorithm based on self‐organizing maps applied to wireless power transfer systems
Authors: Barmada Sami , Raugi Marco , Tucci Mauro 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn this work, a new multi‐objective population‐based optimization algorithm is presented and tested. In this contribution, the concepts of fast non‐dominating sorting and density estimation using the crowding distance are used to create a multi‐objective optimization algorithm based on previous work, which is a single objective evolutionary optimization algorithm based on self‐organizing maps (SOMs). The SOMs paradigm introduces a strong collaboration between neighbors solutions that improves exploitation. Furthermore, the representative power of the SOMs enhances the exploration and diversification. A state of the art benchmark approach is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, obtaining positive results. The test problem uses an analytical model of an inductively coupled wireless power transfer system (WPT). The objective is to optimize the WPT model characteristics in order to allow simultaneous data and power transfer between the coils. The WPT design approach uses more degrees of freedom than existing techniques leading to a number of solutions where both the power signals and the data signal can coexist on the same physical channel achieving good figures of merit. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deterministic separation of arbitrary photon pair states in integrated quantum circuits
Authors: Marchildon Ryan P. , Helmy Amr S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEntangled photon pairs must often be spatially separated for their subsequent manipulation in integrated quantum circuits. Separation that is both deterministic and universal can in principle be achieved through anti‐coalescent two‐photon quantum interference. However, such interference‐facilitated pair separation (IFPS) has not been extensively studied in the integrated setting, which has important implications on performance. This work provides a detailed review of IFPS and examines how integrated device dependencies such as dispersion impact separation fidelity and interference visibility. The analysis applies equally to both on‐chip and in‐fiber implementations. When coupler dispersion is present, the separation performance can depend on photon bandwidth, spectral entanglement and the dispersion. By design, reduction in the separation fidelity due to loss of non‐classical interference can be perfectly compensated for by classical wavelength demultiplexing effects. This work informs the design of devices for universal photon pair separation of states with tunable arbitrary properties.
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A double‐lined metasurface for plasmonic complex‐field generation
Authors: Song Eui‐Young , Lee Seung‐Yeol , Hong Jongwoo , Lee Kyookeun , Lee Yohan , Lee Gun‐Yeal , Kim Hwi , Lee Byoungho 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSince the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) has received a great deal of attention because of its capability of guiding light within the subwavelength scale, finding methods for arbitrary SPP field generation has been a significant issue in the area of integrated optics. To achieve such a goal, it will be necessary to generate a plasmonic complex field. In this paper, we propose a novel method for generating a plasmonic complex field propagating with arbitrary curvatures by using double‐lined distributed nanoslits. As a unit cell, two facing nanoslits are used for tuning both the amplitude and the phase of excited SPPs as a function of their tilted angles. For verification of the proposed design rule, the authors experimentally demonstrate some plasmonic caustic curves and Airy plasmons.
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Thickness and scratch resistance of adsorbed film formed by triblock symmetrical copolymer solutions
Authors: Kosasih B. , Novareza O. , Zhu H. , Taheri R. , Lin B. , Tieu A. K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe thickness and scratch resistance of adsorbed films formed on mild steel samples (MS1020), which have been immersed in water copolymer solutions, are reported. The effects of bulk temperature and the copolymer structures, normal, poly(ethylene oxide)m‐poly(propylene oxide)n‐poly(ethylene oxide)m, and reverse, poly(propylene oxide)n‐poly(ethylene oxide)m‐poly(propylene oxide)n, are elucidated. The films' thicknesses are independent of structure but not of temperature. The adsorbed films of above cloud point solutions are thicker than below cloud point. However, nanoscratch experiments carried out to measure the scratch resistance of the films reveal that despite of thicker film formed by above cloud point solutions, it is relatively more prone to being detached than the thinner films of below cloud point solutions. The effect of extreme pressure additive, alkyl phosphate ester (APE), is also investigated suggesting the normal copolymer has comparable scratch resistance with APE when used at below the cloud point. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring biomechanical methods to study the human vaginal wall
Authors: Eberhart Robert , Chuong Cheng‐Jen , Zimmern Philippe 
Published: February 2016

AimsTo critically review studies of the biomechanical properties of connective tissue in the normal and prolapsed human vaginal wall and to identify criteria that are suitable for in vivo measurements which could improve patient management.MethodsThis review covers past and current ex vivo and in vivo instrumentation and analytical methods related to the elastic and viscoelastic properties of vaginal wall connective tissues.ResultsClassical methods, including digital evaluation of the vagina, histological and biomechanical studies of fresh and frozen‐thawed extracts, and biomechanical cadaveric tissue studies have important limitations and have yielded inconsistent results. Newer biomechanical methods may resolve these inconsistencies. One of the more promising is transient, vacuum‐induced tissue expansion and relaxation, via cutometer‐like devices. The technique permits noninvasive observation, applicable to longitudinal studies of patients. In vivo and ex vivo biomechanical methods may better match vaginal wall tissue properties to help with the design of surgical mesh materials, thus improving surgical support and healing.ConclusionMethods have been identified to characterize the in vivo biomechanical behavior of the prolapsing vagina which may serve to advance the care of affected women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:499–506, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stimulant use for ADHD and relative age in class among children in Israel
Authors: Hoshen Moshe B. , Benis Arriel , Keyes Katherine M. , Zoëga Helga 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing. The present study sought to identify characteristics and medication treatment patterns of children with ADHD and compare them by relative age in class, sex, ethnicity, family size, sibling order, and other socioeconomic status, as well as find trends in disparity of pharmacotherapy.MethodsThis study was based on data from 1 013 149 Clalit Health Services members aged 6–17 years during 2006–2011. Centrally acting sympathomimetic drug purchases were compared according to children's estimated relative age in class; youngest third (born August to November), middle third (born April to July), and oldest third (born December to March). Treatment trends were determined and compared according to sociodemographic and family‐related factors.ResultsThe overall prevalence of stimulant use in the population was 2.6% in 2006 and 4.9% in 2011. The annual incidence of stimulant use increased from 0.75% to 1.36%, rising more sharply among children in the older age groups (≥12) than among younger ones. Moreover, the youngest third of children in class was more likely to use medication than the oldest third (risk ratio (RR) 1.17, confidence interval (CI) 1.12–1.23) or the middle third (RR 1.06, CI 1.01–1.11). Of the different ethnic sectors, incidence of stimulant use was highest among general Jewish (1.8% in 2011) and lowest among Arabs (0.37% in 2011).ConclusionsThe use of stimulant medication is growing among children in Israel. Although the overall use does not exceed the estimated prevalence of ADHD among children, the appropriateness of prescribing to the Israeli pediatric population, especially to the youngest children in class, may be questionable. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐ and long‐term loss of carvacrol from polymer/clay nanocomposite film – a chemometric approach
Authors: Campos‐Requena Víctor H , Rivas Bernabé L , Pérez Mónica A , Pereira Eduardo D 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA combination of partial least squares (PLS) regression and design of experiments was used to analyse and define the short‐ and long‐term loss mechanisms of carvacrol from polymer/clay nanocomposite films used as an antimicrobial food packaging material. Three formulation x variables were evaluated: type of nanoclay, concentration of nanoclay and concentration of compatibilizer agent. Five experimental y responses were measured: loss of carvacrol from the films stored at room conditions on the third and fifth days (short‐term loss); on the forty‐fifth and sixtieth days (long‐term loss); and the polymer/clay level of intercalation. All variables and responses were simultaneously calibrated by an ANOVA‐validated (P < 0.05) comprehensive PLS interaction model with a satisfactory R2 = 0.956 and Q2 = 0.505. A differentiation and discrimination of the mechanisms that control the loss of carvacrol over different periods of time was observed. Short‐term loss seems to be controlled mainly by direct molecular interactions in the interlayer space between carvacrol and the nanoclay organomodifier. Long‐term loss seems to be mainly controlled by diffusion within the nanocomposite matrix once carvacrol has left the nanoclay interlayer space, and it is closely related to the levels of intercalation reached in the nanocomposite. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry