bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Impact of Vehicle Exhaust Exposure: Insights from an Animal Model
Authors: Salvi Ankita , Patki Gaurav , Liu Hesong , Salim Samina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAir pollution resulting from exhaust emissions of vehicles has risen in the recent years, reportedly causing major adverse effects on the heart, lungs and the brain. Though respiratory and cardiovascular effects of these emissions are well identified, psychological and neurobiological complications of prolonged exposure to vehicle emissions remain unknown. Pro-oxidants are considered as major constituents of vehicle emissions. This is important considering causal link between oxidative stress and behavioral and cognitive impairments. We hypothesized that prolonged exposure to pro-oxidants in vehicle emissions result in behavioral and cognitive deficits. We developed a simulated vehicle exhaust exposure model in rats. The model used a simulated mixture of vehicle exhaust that comprised of pro-oxidant constituents of exhaust, namely, carbon dioxide (13%), carbon monoxide (0.68%) and nitrogen dioxide (1000 ppm) in air. Rats were exposed either to a high (1:10 dilution) or low (~1:1000 dilution) physiologically relevant dose of simulated mixture in air for two weeks in separate experiments followed by a comprehensive behavioral and cognitive analysis. We observed that prolonged exposure to pro-oxidants in vehicle exhaust increased anxiety-and depression-like behavior as well as led to impaired memory in rats. This is important preclinical evidence, particularly relevant to human population exposed to high vehicular traffic.
Immune cell profiling in cancer: molecular approaches to cell-specific identification
Authors: Lyons Yasmin A. , Wu Sherry Y. , Overwijk Willem W. , Baggerly Keith A. , Sood Anil K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe immune system has many important regulatory roles in cancer development and progression. Given the emergence of effective immune therapies against many cancers, reliable predictors of response are needed. One method of determining response is by evaluating immune cell populations from treated and untreated tumor samples. The amount of material obtained from tumor biopsies can be limited; therefore, gene-based or protein-based analyses may be attractive because they require minimal tissue. Cell-specific signatures are being analyzed with use of the latest technologies, including NanoString’s nCounter technology, intracellular staining flow cytometry, cytometry by time-of-flight, RNA-Seq, and barcoding antibody-based protein arrays. These signatures provide information about the contributions of specific types of immune cells to bulk tumor samples. To date, both tumor tissue and immune cells have been analyzed for molecular expression profiles that can assess genes and proteins that are specific to immune cells, yielding results of varying specificity. Here, we discuss the importance of profiling tumor tissue and immune cells to identify immune-cell-associated genes and proteins and specific gene profiles of immune cells. We also discuss the use of these signatures in cancer treatment and the challenges faced in molecular expression profiling of immune cell populations.
Schmerz in der geriatrischen und gerontologischen Pflege: ein interdisziplinäres Fallbeispiel
Authors: Zemke Jens 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Multiprofessioneller Therapieansatz Wie die Zahnräder eines Uhrwerks oder die einzelnen Sportler in einem Ruderboot müssen die
Mitglieder des therapeutischen Teams der Geriatrie zusammenarbeiten, um die Genesung ihrer Patienten voranzutreiben. Seit langem wird diese
Multiprofessionalität nicht nur von den Kostenträgern gefordert, sondern ist auch in Form der Komplexbehandlung für ältere multimorbide
Patienten der optimale Therapieansatz.
Effects of Cannabidiol on Morphine Conditioned Place Preference in Mice
Authors: Markos James , Harris Hannah , Gul Waseem , ElSohly Mahmoud , Sufka Kenneth 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study sought to determine whether the cannabis constituent cannabidiol attenuates the development of morphine reward in the conditioned place preference paradigm. Separate groups of mice received either saline or morphine in combination with one of four doses of cannabidiol using three sets of drug/no-drug conditioning trials. After drug-place conditioning, morphine mice displayed robust place preference that was attenuated by 10 mg/kg cannabidiol. Further, when administered alone, this dose of cannabidiol was void of rewarding and aversive properties. The finding that cannabidiol blocks opioid reward suggests that this compound may be useful in addiction treatment settings.
Bidirectional manipulation of mTOR signaling disrupts socially mediated vocal learning in juvenile songbirds
Authors: Ahmadiantehrani Somayeh , London Sarah E. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
We investigated the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade, which is commonly implicated in neurodevelopmental autism spectrum disorders but is almost never studied in juveniles. We demonstrated that experience-dependent activation of mTOR has functional consequences for complex learned behavior using a songbird model that has strong developmental, social, behavioral, neural, and genomic parallels with human vocal communication. Our results highlight the value of investigations that integrate age and experience to understand molecular mechanisms and behavioral outcomes of neurodevelopmental disorders and typical neural development.
Asymmetric percolation drives a double transition in sexual contact networks
Authors: Allard Antoine , Althouse Benjamin M. , Scarpino Samuel V. , Hébert-Dufresne Laurent 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Zika virus (ZIKV) continues to be a threat to countries with conditions suitable for transmission, namely adequate temperatures and the presence of competent mosquito vectors. Estimates of risk in other countries based on the sexual transmission of ZIKV may be underestimated because of inadequate surveillance. Here, we formulate random network models of sexual transmission of ZIKV with asymmetric transmission (men being infectious for longer than women) and show that, contrary to previous work, there exists two epidemic thresholds and that certain men who have sex with men communities could sustain transmission on their own. Our results also shed light on a class of processes on random networks by providing a complete analysis of dynamics with multiple critical points.
The representativeness of eligible patients in type 2 diabetes trials: a case study using GIST 2.0
Authors: Sen Anando , Goldstein Andrew , Chakrabarti Shreya , Shang Ning , Kang Tian , Yaman Anil , Ryan Patrick B , Weng Chunhua 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objective
The population representativeness of a clinical study is influenced by how real-world patients qualify for the study. We analyze the representativeness of eligible patients for multiple type 2 diabetes trials and the relationship between representativeness and other trial characteristics.

Methods
Sixty-nine study traits available in the electronic health record data for 2034 patients with type 2 diabetes were used to profile the target patients for type 2 diabetes trials. A set of 1691 type 2 diabetes trials was identified from ClinicalTrials.gov, and their population representativeness was calculated using the published Generalizability Index of Study Traits 2.0 metric. The relationships between population representativeness and number of traits and between trial duration and trial metadata were statistically analyzed. A focused analysis with only phase 2 and 3 interventional trials was also conducted.

Results
A total of 869 of 1691 trials (51.4%) and 412 of 776 phase 2 and 3 interventional trials (53.1%) had a population representativeness of &lt;5%. The overall representativeness was significantly correlated with the representativeness of the Hba1c criterion. The greater the number of criteria or the shorter the trial, the less the representativeness. Among the trial metadata, phase, recruitment status, and start year were found to have a statistically significant effect on population representativeness. For phase 2 and 3 interventional trials, only start year was significantly associated with representativeness.

Conclusions
Our study quantified the representativeness of multiple type 2 diabetes trials. The common low representativeness of type 2 diabetes trials could be attributed to specific study design requirements of trials or safety concerns. Rather than criticizing the low representativeness, we contribute a method for increasing the transparency of the representativeness of clinical trials.
Fluid Transport in Gels
Authors: Doi Masao 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article examines fluid transport and solvent dynamics in polymer gels, in equilibrium and under mechanical stress, and the effect of fluids on gel deformation. It also introduces a continuum model that describes the coupled phenomena of electric current, solvent flux, and deformation of gel network. This model is a generalization of the diffusio-mechanical coupling model of non-ionic gels. The discussion begins with an overview of the equilibrium state of non-ionic gels under the action of mechanical forces. This is followed by an analysis of the dynamics of non-ionic gels, especially the relaxation of mechanical responses caused by solvent flow. The article concludes with an assessment of the dynamics of ionic gels as well as the effect of electric field on solvent flow and the gel deformation.
Foams
Authors: Weaire Denis , Hutzler Stefan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article focuses on foams, which consist of gas bubbles surrounded by liquid and closely packed together so that they are in contact with each other. As a mixture of two fluids, a foam is paradoxically a solid, at least under a small enough stress — surface tension and gas pressure maintain it in equilibrium when deformed. The corresponding mixture of two liquids is an emulsion, rendered stiff by surface tension under low stress. After explaining what a foam is, this article discusses various applications of foams. It then considers the statics and dynamics of foams, the simple rules that govern local equilibrium, and the structure of foams. It also examines the key properties of foams, such as coarsening due to diffusion, coalescence, drainage, foamability, rheology and rheometry, shear localization, conductivity, and light scattering. Finally, it describes the role of surfactants in foam stability and evaluates analogous systems such as emulsions.
NeatSeq-Flow: A Lightweight High-Throughput Sequencing Workflow Platform for Non-Programmers and Programmers Alike
Authors: Sklarz Menachem , Levin Liron , Gordon Michal , Chalifa-Caspi Vered 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBiologists often find it necessary to execute bioinformatic workflows (WFs) as part of their research. However, operation of most WF-management platforms requires at least some programming expertise. Here we describe NeatSeq-Flow, a platform that enables users with no programming knowledge to design and execute complex high-throughput sequencing WFs on their own computer or computer cluster. Workflows are composed of modules. NeatSeq-Flow provides a large compendium of pre-built modules as well as a generic module. Advanced users can also generate custom-made, sophisticated modules using templates and only basic Python commands. Modules and WFs are easily shareable. To execute a WF, through either the graphical user interface or the command line, users need to only specify modules’ order and parameters (workflow design) and input file locations (sample information). WF execution is parallelized on both samples and analysis steps, and progress can be tracked in real time. Results are obtained in a neat directory structure, along with a self-sustaining WF backup for reproducibility. NeatSeq-Flow operates by shell-script generation, allowing full transparency of the WF process. NeatSe q-Flow supports CONDA for easy installation and portability of entire environments. All these features make NeatSeq-Flow an easy-to-use WF platform without compromising flexibility, reproducibility, transparency and efficiency.Availabilityhttp://neatseq-flow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Contactsklarz@bgu.ac.il
Adult learning theories: implications for online instruction
Authors: Arghode Vishal , Brieger Earl W. , McLean Gary N. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
This paper analyzes critically four selected learning theories and their role in online instruction for adults.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review was conducted to analyze the theories.

Findings
The theory comparison revealed that no single theory encompasses the entirety of online instruction for adult learning; each theory explains some portion of adult online learning; theories are contextual; and components of all theories can be utilized to improve online learning.

Research limitations/implications
Adult learning theories and their roles in shaping online learning and instruction deserve more attention. The study of adult learning theories, combined with in-depth analysis of psychological and human resource literature, will enable researchers to delve deeper into the subject. More qualitative studies are needed to explore further how instructors’ ability to utilize theoretical principles can improve online learning.

Practical implications
This manuscript offers practical advice to instructors and other practitioners for utilizing adult learning theories for instructional enhancement.

Originality/value
This literature review uniquely contributes to filling the gap in human resource development literature by examining selected adult learning theories, comparing them and extending the theories’ applicability and value in online instruction.
Sarcoidosis with Takayasu arteritis: a model of overlapping granulomatosis. A report of seven cases and literature review
Authors: Chapelon‐Abric Catherine , Saadoun David , Marie Isabelle , Comarmond Cloé , Desbois Anne Claire , Domont Fanny , Savey Léa , Cacoub Patrice 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the features of exceptional coexisting Takayasu arteritis (TA) and sarcoidosis, two conditions of unknown cause associated with a common immunologic pattern.MethodsWe report seven cases of concomitant sarcoidosis‐Takayasu or Takayasu‐like vasculitis, observed in two referral centers between 1995 and 2015.ResultsAll patients were female. The mean age at sarcoidosis diagnosis and TA diagnosis was 36 and 37 years, respectively. Sarcoidosis occurred in 86% of cases before or together with TA. Sarcoidosis always had a classic expression except for one renal localization. Sarcoidosis was not severe and mostly non‐treated (86%). In all cases of TA, supra‐aortic arteries were involved; in only two TA cases a more diffuse inflammatory arterial involvement was noted. In one case, Takayasu arteritis occurred despite immunosuppressive therapy given for sarcoidosis. All patients received for TA a treatment with corticosteroids associated with methotrexate (four cases), infliximab (one case) or tocilizumab (one case). After a mean follow‐up of 89 months, TA always improved and no death was observed.ConclusionsTA stands as pathology associated with sarcoidosis. TA occurred in three cases among 50. When sarcoidosis preceded TA, a recovery of sarcoidosis was achieved mostly without treatment. TA is a prognostic and therapeutic factor. Immunosuppressive treatment, including steroids, led to a good prognosis for TA as well as for sarcoidosis.
Agent‐oriented activity recognition in the event calculus: An application for diabetic patients
Authors: Kafalı Özgür , Romero Alfonso E. , Stathis Kostas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe present a knowledge representation framework on the basis of the Event Calculus that allows an agent to recognize complex activities from low‐level observations received by multiple sensors, reason about the life cycle of such activities, and take action to support their successful completion. Activities are multivalue fluents that change according to events that occur in the environment. The parameters of an activity consist of a unique label, a set of participants involved in the performing of the activity, and a unique goal associated with the activity revealing the activity's desired outcome. Our contribution is the identification of an activity life cycle describing how activities can be started, interrupted, suspended, resumed, or completed over time, as well as how these can be represented. The framework also specifies activity goals, their associated life cycle, and their relation with the activity life cycle. We provide the complete implementation of the framework, which includes an activity generator that automatically creates synthetic sensor data in the form of event streams that represent the everyday lifestyle of a type 1 diabetic patient. Moreover, we test the framework by generating very large activity streams that we use to evaluate the performance of the recognition capability and study its relative merits.
Comprehensive analyses of hox gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos and adult tissues
Authors: Kondo Mariko , Yamamoto Takayoshi , Takahashi Shuji , Taira Masanori 
Published: August 2017

From whole genome sequencing of an allotetraploid frog, Xenopus laevis, two homeologous sets (L and S) of four Hox clusters A through D (HoxA.L/S, HoxB.L/S, HoxC.L/S, and HoxD.L/S) and 13 paralogous groups (PGs) with 76 genes were identified, allowing us to carry out the first comprehensive analyses of hox gene expression in vertebrates. Expression of all hox genes during development and in adult tissues was analyzed by RNA‐sequencing. The expression levels of most hox genes were similar between homeologs, but in some pairs, large differences were observed and several of these were confirmed by RT‐PCR and whole mount in situ hybridization experiments. These results indicate that subfunctionalization of hox genes may have occurred since allotetraploidization. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis of hox gene expression during early development did not agree with the hypothesis of temporal collinearity especially in genes belonging to PG2 to PG10.
Significance of interferon gamma in the prediction of successful therapy of common warts by intralesional injection of Candida antigen
Authors: Nofal Ahmad , Marei Ayman , Amer Amin , Amen Hanaa 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of common warts remains a continuing challenge for both patients and physicians. Recently, intralesional immunotherapy by different antigens has proved efficacious in the treatment of warts, however, no definite predictive factors for successful therapy have been established. Herein, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of Candida antigen in the treatment of common warts and the significance of interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) in the prediction of successful therapy.MethodsThe study included 54 patients with multiple common warts. A blood sample was collected from patients before therapy, cultured, and treated with Candida antigen for evaluation of IFN‐γ. Candida antigen was directly injected into the largest wart at 2‐week intervals until complete clearance or for a maximum of five treatments. Follow‐up was made for 6 months to detect any recurrence.ResultsComplete clearance of the lesions was seen in 61.1% of the studied patients. IFN‐γ was statistically higher in responded cases as compared to nonresponders. Adverse effects were insignificant, and no recurrence of warts was observed.ConclusionsCandida antigen is a promising, effective, and safe immunotherapeutic modality for common warts, and IFN‐γ may serve as a good predictor of its therapeutic response.
Pain assessment by emergency nurses at triage in the emergency department: A qualitative study
Authors: Vuille Marilène , Foerster Maryline , Foucault Eliane , Hugli Olivier 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the assessment of pain intensity in the specific context of triage.BackgroundAcute pain affects most patients admitted to emergency departments, but pain relief in this setting remains insufficient. Evaluation of pain and its treatment at the time of patient triage expedites the administration of analgesia, but may be awkward at this time‐pressured moment. The assessment of pain intensity by a validated pain scale is a critical initial step, and a patient's self‐reporting is widely considered as the key to effective pain management. According to good practice guidelines, clinicians must accept a patient's statement, regardless of their own opinions.DesignA qualitative methodology rooted in interactionist sociology and on the Grounded theory was used to provide an opportunity to uncover complex decision‐making processes, such as those involved in assessing pain.MethodsA sociologist conducted semi‐structured interviews during the 2013–2014 winter months with twelve nurses and trained in the use of an established protocol, focusing on the assessment of pain intensity. The interviews were recorded, fully transcribed and analysed.ResultsThe most frequently used pain scale was the Verbal Numerical Rating Scale. Discrepancies between self‐assessment and evaluation by a nurse were common. To restore congruence between the two, nurses used various tactics, such as using different definitions of the high‐end anchor of the scale, providing additional explanations about the scale, or using abnormal vital signs or the acceptance of morphine as a proof of the validity of severe pain ratings.ConclusionsNurses cannot easily suspend their own judgement. Their tactics do not express a lack of professionalism, but are consistent with the logic of professional intervention.Relevance to clinical practiceThis article presents triage nurses’ reality in a time‐pressured environment, and understanding this conflict may outline new educational targets to further improve pain management in ED.