bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Group Means Fail: Can One Size Fit All?
Authors: Grandy Thomas H. , Lindenberger Ulman , Werkle-Bergner Markus 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe present study examined whether a cognitive process model that is inferred based on group data holds, and is meaningful, at the level of the individual person. Investigation of this issue is tantamount to questioning that the same set and configuration of cognitive processes is present within all individuals, a usually untested assumption in standard group-based experiments. Search from memory as assessed with the Sternberg memory scanning paradigm is among the most widely studied phenomena in cognitive psychology. According to the original memory scanning model, search is serial and exhaustive. Here we critically examined the validity of this model across individuals and practice. 32 younger adults completed 1488 trials of the Sternberg task distributed over eight sessions. In the first session, group data followed the pattern predicted by the original model, replicating earlier findings. However, data from the first session were not sufficiently reliable for identifying whether each individual complied with the serial exhaustive search model. In sessions six to eight, when participants performed near asymptotic levels of performance, between-person differences were reliable, group data deviated substantially from the original memory search model, and the model fit only 13 of the 32 participants’ data. Our findings challenge the proposition that one general memory search process exists within a group of healthy younger adults, and questions the testability of this proposition at the individual level in single-session experiments. Implications for cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience are discussed with reference to earlier work emphasizing the explicit consideration of potentially existent individual differences.
The Influence of Parkinson’s Disease and Neurotypical Aging on Cognitive Performance Among Volunteers for an Exercise-based Rehabilitative Intervention
Authors: McKay J. Lucas , Bozzorg Ariyana , Nocera Joe , Hackney Madeleine E. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTPURPOSETo determine the impact of aging versus combined aging and disease on cognition in older adults with and without Parkinson’s disease (PD) who were volunteers for exercise based rehabilitation research.METHODSWe used a multiple linear regression approach to analyze cognitive outcome measures of rehabilitation volunteers with and without PD.RESULTSSignificant associations were identified between increased age and decreased performance on 8 of the 14 outcomes analyzed after controlling for false discovery rate. Of those 8 outcomes, multivariate regression analyses demonstrated an effect of disease on performance in only 4/8. In all cases, PD was associated with superior, rather than decreased performance after controlling for age. Results were unaffected by sex and education. Post-hoc comparison with available age norms demonstrated that differences between PD and Non-PD volunteers could be primarily attributed to the Non-PD group substantially underperforming versus age norms.CONCLUSIONSIn rehabilitative exercise studies using volunteers, many cognitive domains decline with increasing age, consistent with previous neuropsychological studies without a rehabilitation component. However, older “neurotypical” volunteers may potentially underperform PD volunteers after controlling for age. This may be an important design consideration for rehabilitation studies with cognitive outcomes.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONAn increasing number of rehabilitation studies incorporate cognitive outcomes.Whether the overall cognitive profile of rehabilitation volunteers differs from that of neurotypical aging remains to be established.Rehabilitation volunteers with Parkinson’s disease may outperform putatively neurotypical volunteers after controlling for covariates.Cognitive impairments associated with PD in neuropsychological studies may not generalize to exercise rehabilitation volunteers.
Environmental cystine drives glutamine anaplerosis and sensitizes cells to glutaminase inhibition
Authors: Muir Alexander , Danai Laura V. , Gui Dan Y. , Waingarten Chiara Y. , Heiden Matthew G. Vander 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMany cancer cell lines depend on extracellular glutamine as a major tri-carboxylic acid (TCA) cycle anaplerotic substrate to support proliferationin vitro. However, recent studies have suggested that some cells that depend on glutamine anaplerosis in culture rely much less on glutamine catabolism to proliferatein vivo, with environmental differences between tumors and cell culture influencing the extent of glutamine catabolism. Here we sought to better understand the environmental differences that cause differential dependence on glutamine for TCA cycle anaplerosis. We find that cells cultured in adult bovine serum, a condition that more closely reflects the nutrients available to cellsin vivo, leads to decreased glutamine catabolism and reliance on glutamine anaplerosis compared to standard tissue culture conditions. By analyzing the nutrient differences between bovine serum and media, we find that levels of a single nutrient, cystine, can account for the differential dependence on glutamine in these different environmental contexts. Further, we show that cystine levels dictate glutamine dependence via the cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT/SLC7A11, and that environmental cystine levels in conjunction withxCT/SLC7A11expression is necessary and sufficient to drive increased glutamine anaplerosis, defining important determinants of glutamine anaplerosis and glutaminase dependence in cancer cells.
Akt regulation of glycolysis mediates bioenergetic stability in epithelial cells
Authors: Hung Yin P. , Teragawa Carolyn , Gilles Taryn , Pargett Michael , Minguet Marta , Distor Kevin , Rocha-Gregg Briana , Kosaisawe Nont , Yellen Gary , Brugge Joan S. , Albeck John G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCells use multiple feedback controls to regulate metabolism in response to nutrient and signaling inputs. However, feedback creates the potential for unstable network responses. We examined how concentrations of key metabolites and signaling pathways interact to maintain homeostasis in proliferating human cells, using fluorescent reporters for AMPK activity, Akt activity, and cytosolic NADH/NAD+redox. Across various conditions including metabolic (glycolytic or mitochondrial) inhibition or cell proliferation, we observed distinct patterns of AMPK activity, including stable adaptation and highly dynamic behaviors such as periodic oscillations and irregular fluctuations, indicating a failure to reach a steady state. Fluctuations in AMPK activity, Akt activity, and cytosolic NADH/NAD+redox state were temporally linked in individual cells adapting to metabolic perturbations. By monitoring single-cell dynamics in each of these contexts, we identified PI3K/Akt regulation of glycolysis as a multifaceted modulator of single-cell metabolic dynamics that is required to maintain metabolic stability in proliferating cells.
Efficient and accurate causal inference with hidden con-founders from genome-transcriptome variation data
Authors: Wang Lingfei , Michoel Tom 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMapping gene expression as a quantitative trait using whole genome-sequencing and transcriptome analysis allows to discover the functional consequences of genetic variation. We developed a novel method and ultra-fast software Findr for higly accurate causal inference between gene expression traits using cis-regulatory DNA variations as causal anchors, which improves current methods by taking into account hidden confounders and weak regulations. Findr outperformed existing methods on the DREAM5 Systems Genetics challenge and on the prediction of microRNA and transcription factor targets in human lymphoblastoid cells, while being nearly a million times faster. Findr is publicly available athttps://github.com/lingfeiwang/findr.Author summaryUnderstanding how genetic variation between individuals determines variation in observable traits or disease risk is one of the core aims of genetics. It is known that genetic variation often affects gene regulatory DNA elements and directly causes variation in expression of nearby genes. This effect in turn cascades down to other genes via the complex pathways and gene interaction networks that ultimately govern how cells operate in an ever changing environment. In theory, when genetic variation and gene expression levels are measured simultaneously in a large number of individuals, the causal effects of genes on each other can be inferred using statistical models similar to those used in randomized controlled trials. We developed a novel method and ultra-fast software Findr which, unlike existing methods, takes into account the complex but unknown network context when predicting causality between specific gene pairs. Findr’s predictions have a significantly higher overlap with known gene networks compared to existing methods, using both simulated and real data. Findr is also nearly a million times faster, and hence the only software in its class that can handle modern datasets where the expression levels of ten-thousands of genes are simultaneously measured in hundreds to thousands of individuals.
Innovation and ICT use by firms and households in the EU
Authors: Billon Margarita , Marco Rocío , Lera-Lopez Fernando 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence of patterns that combine innovation and information and communication technologies (ICT) use, and the factors explaining them in the European Union.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use data for firms and households at the regional level in the EU-27. Factorial and cluster analyses are used to the determine combined patterns for both dimensions and to elaborate a taxonomy of the European regions, respectively. Finally, the multiple discriminant analysis serves to identify the factors that characterize the patterns detected.FindingsThe results show the existence of three regional clusters that capture different combinations of patenting and ICT use. Research and development (R&D) expenditure in the business sector, government quality, gross domestic product per capita, the number of researchers, and employment by the highest level of education attained are the key variables explaining the disparities in innovation and ICT use in the European regions.Research limitations/implicationsThe conclusions point to the key role played by business R&D and knowledge resources within an institutional framework that facilitates actions oriented to benefiting regions through both knowledge creation and knowledge diffusion derived from the combined activities of innovation and ICT use.Originality/valueThe paper provides for the first time a characterization of the European regions that jointly considers innovation and ICT use. It also contributes to the literature by exploring differences in ICT use by households and firms, and the factors explaining them. The study can provide new insights into the design of public policies that may consider the common factors that explain combinations of innovation and technology use.
Constructing and enacting normality online across generations
Authors: Panteli Niki , Marder Ben 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how different age groups construct and enact normality within social networking sites (SNS) and consequently extend theory in the area of online interactions.

Design/methodology/approach
The chosen research site was Facebook and research design involved focus groups across three different age groups: teenagers, young adults and the middle-aged. In total, there were 78 participants. The focus groups explored the metaphoric images of Facebook interactions. In doing so, participants were asked to draw a picture to represent their metaphor and following this, to position themselves and other characters within the picture. The drawings as well as the facilitators’ records provided the main data set for the study.

Findings
Connective and protective encounters were found to be used by different age groups when constructing and enacting normality on SNS. Further, it emerged that the interpretation and enactment of normality across the different age groups significantly varied. The metaphorical images have transpired as being a resourceful way of unpacking these differences.

Research limitations/implications
The study relied on focus groups in order to capture metaphorical images across generations. It did not include interviews with individual participants to elicit the extent to which they agreed with the group metaphor or whether there was anything else they might have presented in the drawings. This could be on the agenda for future research.

Practical implications
The findings of the study suggest that SNS managers and designers should sympathise with the view that users of different ages engage in different ways with SNS and as a result, user interfaces should be customised according to the age of the user.

Social implications
The study has implications for those interested in cross- and inter-generational research.

Originality/value
This is the first study in which the concept of normality has been adopted as a theoretical lens for understanding the interactions on SNS. Further, this work adds to the limited body of research on SNS use across different generations whilst it expands on the range of methodologies used within the information systems field.
Academic publishing in the information age – an editor’s observations
Authors: Rogerson Simon 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the evolution of academic publishing from the traditional roots to today’s online publishing cycle which embraces many of the elements of virtual space.

Design/methodology/approach
A case study approach is adopted using the Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society to explore the revolutionary journey.

Findings
The value of using a range of virtual space facilities in tandem is assessed.

Originality/value
The paper can be used as a guide for academic editors and publishers in reaching out to the next generations of the academic population.
How do investors view information disclosure quality rating?
Authors: Tan Youchao , Liu Yuyu 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Following Cheng et al. (2012) and Tan et al. (2015), this paper aims to investigate how does the forward-looking information disclosure quality affect the investors’ decisions and then the investment efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors obtain the information disclosure quality rating data from the official website of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE), and firm financial information is mainly from the China Center for Economic Research (CCER) and China Stock Market and Accounting Research Database (CSMAR). The authors choose firms that publicly traded on the SZSE during the period from 2004 to 2010, and the final sample consists of 2,415 firm-year observations for 345 unique firms.

Findings
The authors find that a firm with a high information disclosure quality rating is trusted by investors more. Forward-looking non-financial information (FNFI) disclosure alleviates financial constraints and improves investment efficiency, including alleviating underinvestment and preventing overinvestment to a larger extent for firms with high information disclosure quality rating, especially for the firms rated A (excellent) or B (good) every year since 2001, when the rating began. Moreover, this study proves that investors trust the firms rated high more but do not guard against the firms rated low enough.

Research limitations/implications
The authors only considered the quantity of FNFI disclosed by firms and ignored other characteristics of FNFI. Limited by the data of information disclosure quality rating, the research sample is just from the SZSE.

Originality/value
This paper extends the research of Cheng et al. (2012) and Tan et al. (2015) to show that one of the reasons behind the extant mix results of the relationship between FNF disclosure and investment efficiency is different information disclosure quality. High-quality FNFI disclosure can alleviate underinvestment and prevent overinvestment at same time.
From analytics to action: how Shell digitized recruitment
Authors: Lam Sue , Hawkes Ben 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to share how Shell HR enabled technological change in their graduate hiring assessments.

Design/methodology/approach
Shell receives over 100,000 applications for their global graduate program each year for fewer than 1,000 technical and commercial positions. The foundation of the recruitment process is the assessments, providing data and insight on which to make selection decisions. The effectiveness of the assessments, along with attracting the best candidates, determines the quality of hire and long-term value to Shell. To stay competitive in the market with job seekers, Shell recruitment wanted to create a streamlined assessment approach that could be delivered through available technology. HR analytics and assessment specialists collaborated to review the current graduate assessments to enhance candidate assessment data, boost candidate experience, leverage technology and make structural changes that improve cost effectiveness, scalability and efficiency for variable hire demand levels. Focus groups, interviews, candidate experience surveys and assessment center data were examined.

Findings
The findings indicate that the assessment process was robust but could be streamlined, particularly by digitizing the process. For example, pre-recorded video interviewing could be utilized early in the assessment process.

Originality/value
This paper sheds light on the success factors of digitizing the recruitment assessment process. Information on bringing data analysis to recommendations and implementation is shared.
HR’s new role: rethinking and enabling digital engagement
Authors: Jesuthasan Ravin 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to explore how a new industrial revolution with digital technology at its core is disrupting the workplace. It shares how HR has an opportunity to use data and digital technologies to reinvent how organizations engage with their workforce. It answers the question of how HR pivots from its legacy focus on compliance and being a steward of employment to the work and helping the organization strengthen its connection with its workers through improved digital engagement.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on Willis Towers Watson thought leadership and references recent findings from their research.

Findings
The paper explores how digital technologies have changed how workers connect with their co-workers and the organization. In addition, it examines how digital technologies are changing how work gets done.

Research limitations/implications
The paper is not exclusively based on research.

Practical implications
The paper explores how digital technologies drive engagement, HR’s role as steward of the work and enabler of digital engagement and best practices for enabling digital engagement in the modern workplace.

Originality/value
This paper fulfills a need to assist HR leaders in thinking through the implications of the future of work and how digital technologies will shape that future.
Climate and competition effects on tree growth in Rocky Mountain forests
Authors: Buechling Arne , Martin Patrick H. , Canham Charles D. 
Published: April 2017

Summary

Climate is widely assumed to influence physiological and demographic processes in trees, and hence forest composition, biomass and range limits. Growth in trees is an important barometer of climate change impacts on forests as growth is highly correlated with other demographic processes including tree mortality and fecundity.

We investigated the main drivers of diameter growth for five common tree species occurring in the Rocky Mountains of the western United States using nonlinear regression methods. We quantified growth at the individual tree level from tree core samples collected across broad environmental gradients. We estimated the effects of both climate variation and biotic interactions on growth processes and tested for evidence that disjunct populations of a species respond differentially to climate.

Relationships between tree growth and climate varied by species and location. Growth in all species responded positively to increases in annual moisture up to a threshold level. Modest linear responses to temperature, both positive and negative, were observed at many sites. However, model results also revealed evidence for differentiated responses to local site conditions in all species. In severe environments in particular, growth responses varied nonlinearly with temperature. For example, in northerly cold locations pronounced positive growth responses to increasing temperatures were observed. In warmer southerly climates, growth responses were unimodal, declining markedly above a threshold temperature level.

Net effects from biotic interactions on diameter growth were negative for all study species. Evidence for facilitative effects was not detected. For some species, competitive effects more strongly influenced growth performance than climate. Competitive interactions also modified growth responses to climate to some degree.

Synthesis. These analyses suggest that climate change will have complex, species‐specific effects on tree growth in the Rocky Mountains due to nonlinear responses to climate, differentiated growth processes that vary by location and complex species interactions that impact growth and potentially modify responses to climate. Thus, robust model simulations of future growth responses to climate trends may need to integrate realistic scenarios of neighbourhood effects as well as variability in tree performance attributed to differentiated populations.
A global survey of bacterial type III secretion systems and their effectors
Authors: Hu Yueming , Huang He , Cheng Xi , Shu Xingsheng , White Aaron P. , Stavrinides John , Köster Wolfgang , Zhu Guoqiang , Zhao Zhendong , Wang Yejun 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe type III secretion system (T3SS) is an important genetic determinant that mediates interactions between Gram‐negative bacteria and their eukaryotic hosts. Our understanding of the T3SS continues to expand, yet the availability of new bacterial genomes prompts questions about its diversity, distribution and evolution. Through a comprehensive survey of ∼20 000 bacterial genomes, we identified 174 non‐redundant T3SSs from 109 genera and 5 phyla. Many of the bacteria are environmental strains that have not been reported to interact with eukaryotic hosts, while several species groups carry multiple T3SSs. Four ultra‐conserved Microsynteny Blocks (MSBs) were defined within the T3SSs, facilitating comprehensive clustering of the T3SSs into 13 major categories, and establishing the largest diversity of T3SSs to date. We subsequently extended our search to identify type III effectors, resulting in 8740 candidate effectors. Lastly, an analysis of the key transcriptional regulators and circuits for the T3SS families revealed that low‐level T3SS regulators were more conserved than higher‐level regulators. This comprehensive analysis of the T3SSs and their protein effectors provides new insight into the diversity of systems used to facilitate host‐bacterial interactions.