bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐time mobile teledermoscopy for skin cancer screening targeting an agricultural population: an experiment on 289 patients in France
Authors: Hue L. , Makhloufi S. , Sall N'Diaye P. , Blanchet‐Bardon C. , Sulimovic L. , Pomykala F. , Colomb M. , Baccard M. , Lassau F. , Reuter G. , Keller F. , Fite C. , Triller R. , Crémieux A.C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of skin cancer has reached epidemic proportions in the white population and is significantly elevated in agricultural populations, who are exposed to ultraviolet radiation during their professional activities. In 2014, the Agricultural Social Insurance Mutual Benefit Fund (MSA) offered its customers who work in agriculture and live in rural areas with reduced access to dermatologists the ability to participate in a 1‐day teledermoscopic (TDS) screening event.ObjectiveThis study's aim was to assess the feasibility of real‐time mobile TDS triage of a large number of agricultural workers by trained medical officers and occupational physicians.MethodsFifteen TDS screening centres were located in different areas of France. Individuals older than 18 years who worked in agriculture and lived in rural area near a TDS screening centre were invited to participate in a 1‐day screening event and were examined by an MSA physician. In cases of suspicious skin lesions, clinical and dermoscopic images were obtained and transferred immediately to four dermatologists who were simultaneously present at the tele‐platform for diagnosis and decision‐making. Low‐quality images were retaken.ResultsTwo‐hundred eighty‐nine patients underwent skin cancer screening. Among 199 patients (69%), 390 suspicious lesions were identified and generated 412 pictures. All lesions were analysed by dermatologists. For 105 patients (53%), no follow‐up was required. Seventeen patients were referred to local dermatologists for rapid examination, including 12 cases of suspected malignant melanocytic lesions. Among the 12 patients with suspected melanoma, face‐to‐face visits were conducted within 10 days for 11 of them, and 1 case of melanoma was confirmed by histopathology.ConclusionsOur study suggests that teledermoscopy performed in the context of occupational medicine and targeted to agricultural populations is feasible and could be useful for improving skin cancer screening in at‐risk populations while avoiding face‐to‐face examinations by a dermatologist in 53% of cases.
Double checking: a second look
Authors: Hewitt Tanya , Chreim Samia , Forster Alan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesDouble checking is a standard practice in many areas of health care, notwithstanding the lack of evidence supporting its efficacy. We ask in this study: ‘How do front line practitioners conceptualize double checking? What are the weaknesses of double checking? What alternate views of double checking could render it a more robust process?’MethodThis is part of a larger qualitative study based on 85 semi‐structured interviews of health care practitioners in general internal medicine and obstetrics and neonatology; thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews was undertaken. Inductive and deductive themes are reported.ResultsWeaknesses in the double checking process include inconsistent conceptualization of double checking, double (or more) checking as a costly and time‐consuming procedure, double checking trusted as an accepted and stand‐alone process, and double checking as preventing reporting of near misses. Alternate views of double checking that would render it a more robust process include recognizing that double checking requires training and a dedicated environment, Introducing automated double checking, and expanding double checking beyond error detection. These results are linked with the concepts of collective efficiency thoroughness trade off (ETTO), an in‐family approach, and resilience.Conclusion(s)Double checking deserves more questioning, as there are limitations to the process. Practitioners could view double checking through alternate lenses, and thus help strengthen this ubiquitous practice that is rarely challenged.
Evaluating the Use of a Carbon Footprint Calculator: Communicating Impacts of Consumption at Household Level and Exploring Mitigation Options
Authors: West Sarah E. , Owen Anne , Axelsson Katarina , West Chris D. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThrough an increasingly globalized supply chain, local consumption of goods and services has impacts around the world. The carbon footprint can be used to link local consumption to global greenhouse gas emissions. This study describes the development and use of REAP Petite, a household‐level footprint calculator. We describe how the tool integrates geodemographic information with user‐inputted data; allows users to compare their footprint with others in their community; and presents them with targeted pledges to help them reduce their impact. Such tools can help individuals to see the impact their consumption has on emissions and help promote alternative behaviors. Based on the lessons learned during tool development and through using the tool with individuals in the UK and Sweden, we make recommendations for the development of new footprinting tools for use in the public domain. We highlight the benefits of using bottom‐up methods for calculating footprints; recommend that designers consider future‐proofing their tools; discuss the trade‐off between complexity and usability; and recommend that designers consider going “beyond carbon” to increase the appeal of tools to a wider audience. We also highlight the importance of providing opportunity for users to compare their footprints with those of others and of monitoring and evaluating user engagement with the tool.
Working Capital Management, the Credit Crisis, and Hedging Strategies: Canadian Evidence
Authors: Kieschnick Robert , Rotenberg Wendy 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study uses a sample of Canadian natural resource firms during the global financial crisis (GFC) of 2007–2008 to examine the influence of firm hedging strategies on their working capital management. Our evidence implies that increased cash holdings and derivatives are alternative ways of hedging risk, and also provides another perspective on the U.S. “trapped cash” controversy as our sample firms are not R&D intensive and do not face the same tax regime as U.S. multinationals.
The volatile 6‐pentyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one from Trichoderma atroviride regulates Arabidopsis thaliana root morphogenesis via auxin signaling and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 functioning
Authors: Garnica‐Vergara Amira , Barrera‐Ortiz Salvador , Muñoz‐Parra Edith , Raya‐González Javier , Méndez‐Bravo Alejandro , Macías‐Rodríguez Lourdes , Ruiz‐Herrera León Francisco , López‐Bucio José 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Plants interact with root microbes via chemical signaling, which modulates competence or symbiosis. Although several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fungi may affect plant growth and development, the signal transduction pathways mediating VOC sensing are not fully understood.

6‐pentyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one (6‐PP) is a major VOC biosynthesized by Trichoderma spp. which is probably involved in plant–fungus cross‐kingdom signaling. Using microscopy and confocal imaging, the effects of 6‐PP on root morphogenesis were found to be correlated with DR5:GFP, DR5:VENUS, H2B::GFP, PIN1::PIN1::GFP, PIN2::PIN2::GFP, PIN3::PIN3::GFP and PIN7::PIN7::GFP gene expression. A genetic screen for primary root growth resistance to 6‐PP in wild‐type seedlings and auxin‐ and ethylene‐related mutants allowed identification of genes controlling root architectural responses to this metabolite.

Trichoderma atroviride produced 6‐PP, which promoted plant growth and regulated root architecture, inhibiting primary root growth and inducing lateral root formation. 6‐PP modulated expression of PIN auxin‐transport proteins in a specific and dose‐dependent manner in primary roots. TIR1, AFB2 and AFB3 auxin receptors and ARF7 and ARF19 transcription factors influenced the lateral root response to 6‐PP, whereas EIN2 modulated 6‐PP sensing in primary roots.

These results indicate that root responses to 6‐PP involve components of auxin transport and signaling and the ethylene‐response modulator EIN2.
Centralization of cleft care in the UK. Part 6: a tale of two studies
Authors: Ness A. R. , Wills A. K. , Waylen A. , Al‐Ghatam R. , Jones T. E. M. , Preston R. , Ireland A. J. , Persson M. , Smallridge J. , Hall A. J. , Sell D. , Sandy J. R. 
Published: November 2015

Structured AbstractObjectivesWe summarize and critique the methodology and outcomes from a substantial study which has investigated the impact of reconfigured cleft care in the United Kingdom (UK) 15 years after the UK government started to implement the centralization of cleft care in response to an earlier survey in 1998, the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG).Setting and Sample PopulationA UK multicentre cross‐sectional study of 5‐year‐olds born with non‐syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate. Data were collected from children born in the UK with a unilateral cleft lip and palate between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2007.Materials and MethodsWe discuss and contextualize the outcomes from speech recordings, hearing, photographs, models, oral health and psychosocial factors in the current study. We refer to the earlier survey and other relevant studies.ResultsWe present arguments for centralization of cleft care in healthcare systems, and we evidence this with improvements seen over a period of 15 years in the UK. We also make recommendations on how future audit and research may configure.ConclusionsOutcomes for children with a unilateral cleft lip and palate have improved after the introduction of a centralized multidisciplinary service, and other countries may benefit from this model. Predictors of early outcomes are still needed, and repeated cross‐sectional studies, larger longitudinal studies and adequately powered trials are required to create a research‐led evidence‐based (centralized) service.
Gastric leiomyoma in a child with Gorlin–Goltz syndrome: First pediatric case
Authors: Virgone Calogero , Decker Emily , Mitton Sally G. , Mansour Sahar , Giuliani Stefano 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGorlin–Goltz syndrome (GGS), also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (MIM 109 400), is a rare genetic condition with a prevalence between 1/56 000 and 1/256 000. Clinical presentation is usually characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic jaw keratocysts, palmar or plantar pitting and skeletal anomalies. It is furthermore associated with the development of various tumors beside basal cell carcinoma, among which medulloblastoma is the most frequent. Increased incidence of other mesenchymal neoplasms, however, is also well known: recently the first adult case of gastric leiomyoma in GGS was reported, and the inclusion of “fibromas and leiomyomas of other organs” in the minor criteria for the diagnosis was suggested. We report the first case of a pediatric patient with GGS who also developed a gastric leiomyoma: the present case illustrates the need for this change to the diagnostic criteria to encompass the highly variable presentations and phenotype in GGS.
Health Promotion Can Postpone Frailty: Results from the RCT Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone
Authors: Behm Lina , Eklund Kajsa , Wilhelmson Katarina , Zidén Lena , Gustafsson Susanne , Falk Kristin , Dahlin‐Ivanoff Synneve 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveVery old persons (80+) are often described as “frail”, implying that they are particularly vulnerable to adverse health outcomes. Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone was designed to determine whether a preventive home visit or multiprofessional senior group meetings could postpone deterioration in frailty if the intervention is carried out when the person is not so frail.Design and SampleThe study was a RCT with follow‐ups at 1 and 2 years. A total of 459 persons (80+), still living at home, were included. Participants were independent in activities of daily life and cognitively intact.MeasuresFrailty was measured in two complementary ways, with the sum of eight frailty indicators and with the Mob‐T Scale measuring tiredness in daily activities.ResultsBoth interventions showed favorable effects in postponing the progression of frailty measured as tiredness in daily activities for up to 1 year. However, neither of the two interventions was effective in postponing frailty measured with the sum of frailty indicators.ConclusionsThe results in this study show the potential of health promotion to older persons. The multiprofessional approach, including a broad spectrum of information and knowledge, might have been an important factor contributing to a more positive view of aging.
Legal Certainty and Correctness
Authors: Alexy Robert 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWhat is the relation between legal certainty and correctness? This question poses one of the perpetual problems of the theory and practice of law—and for this reason: The answer turns on the main question in legal philosophy, the question of the concept and the nature of law. Thus, in an initial step, I will briefly look at the concept and the nature of law. In a second step, I will attempt to explain what the concept and the nature of law, thus understood, imply for the relation between legal certainty and correctness. Here three issues will be considered: first, the Radbruch formula as an answer to the problem of extreme injustice; second, the special case thesis, which claims that legal argumentation is a special case of general practical argumentation; and, third, the problem of the judicial development of the law.
The Legality of Self‐Constitution
Authors: Hanisch Christoph 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn influential strand in recent action‐theory employs constitutivist arguments in order to present accounts of individual agency and practical identity (and of the normative requirements that are constitutive of these phenomena). I argue for an extension of this framework into the interpersonal realm, and suggest using it to reassess issues in jurisprudence. A legal system is an instantiation of the solution to the inescapable tasks of self‐constituting action and identity‐formation in the presence of other agents. Law's validity and normativity can be enlightened when the constitutivist approach considers the external prerequisites of individuals' self‐conceptionsquaagents. More specifically, this argumentative strategy allows a reassessment of Fuller's “internal morality of law.” Whereas,paceFuller, morally substantive conclusions cannot be derived from formal criteria of legality, there are unconditional normative requirements that constrain law.
Impact of COPD and emphysema on survival of patients with lung cancer: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Gao Yong‐hua , Guan Wei‐jie , Liu Qi , Wang Hua‐qi , Zhu Ya‐nan , Chen Rong‐chang , Zhang Guo‐jun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBoth COPD and emphysema are associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer, but the impacts of these comorbidities on lung cancer prognosis are still unclear. Herein, we conducted a meta‐analysis to clarify whether the presence of these comorbidities indicates poor survival in patients with lung cancer. A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ASCO Abstracts and Cochrane library for articles published before 1 June 2015. Papers referenced by the obtained articles were also reviewed. Main outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in patients with lung cancer. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random‐effects models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Of 58 full texts reviewed, 26 met our inclusion criteria that were derived from 21 and seven studies examining the impacts of COPD and emphysema on survival of lung cancer, respectively. Meta‐analyses revealed that concomitant COPD was associated with poorer OS (HR, 1.17; 95% CI: 1.10–1.25, n = 20), which was independent of tumour staging, diagnostic criteria of COPD or location, and DFS (HR, 1.52; 95% CI: 1.04–2.23, n = 6) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 78%). The presence of emphysema in patients with lung cancer predicted worse OS (HR, 1.66; 95% CI: 1.25–2.22, n = 7), but not poorer DFS. The presence of COPD and emphysema are robust predictors of poor survival in patients with lung cancer. Early detection of these diseases should be taken into account for lung cancer surveillance and management.
Protozoal nodular dermatitis and panniculitis in a Rottweiler puppy caused by Caryospora bigenetica
Authors: Tham Heng L. , Linder Keith E. , Tucker Alison , Maggi Ricardo , Bizikova Petra 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundCaryospora bigenetica is an intracellular protozoan parasite in snakes and raptors (primary hosts) and rodents (secondary host). Experimental infection has been documented in mice, pigs and goats; natural infection in dogs is rare.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical presentation, histological features, treatment and outcome of a case of protozoal nodular dermatitis and panniculitis in a Rottweiler puppy caused by C. bigenetica.ResultsThe puppy presented with generalized subcutaneous nodules measuring up to 2 cm in diameter. Histopathology revealed marked suppurative to pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis with intralesional protozoal organism. PCR and DNA sequencing confirmed infection with C. bigenetica. Treatment with a combination of oral trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMS), pyrimethamine and high‐dose clindamycin (20 mg/kg twice daily) resulted in resolution of lesions in 6 weeks. Discontinuation of the treatment 2 weeks later was followed by a rapid relapse of skin lesions. Clindamycin and TMS were restarted and all lesions resolved within 2 weeks; TMS was discontinued 4 weeks later due to adverse effects. The lesions remained in remission for 2 months while the puppy received clindamycin monotherapy before a second relapse of skin lesions occurred.Conclusion and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first documentation of the treatment and outcome of C. bigenetica cutaneous infection in a dog. Although remission of clinical signs can be achieved with combination therapy of clindamycin and TMS, long‐term management is challenging and relapses should be anticipated.
Idarucizumab, a Humanized, Monoclonal Antibody Fragment for Immediate Reversal of Dabigatran
Authors: Miyares Marta A. , Kuyumjian Yara , Eaves Shannon , Dollard Eliza 
Published: November 2015

Objective: To evaluate the role of idarucizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody fragment, as a specific reversal agent for the anticoagulant activity of dabigatran and to review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetic properties, efficacy, and safety of this agent. Methods: A literature search was conducted consisting of a PubMed database using the MeSH term idarucizumab and the key word dabigatran antidote. Studies evaluating the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of idarucizumab for the reversal of the anticoagulant activity of dabigatran were included. Results: Idarucizumab represents a novel treatment option as it is the only humanized, monoclonal antibody fragment that specifically binds to dabigatran. Studies evaluating reversal of dabigatran-induced anticoagulation have demonstrated immediate, complete, and sustained effects with idarucizumab. Idarucizumab did not overcorrect thrombin generation. Additionally, evaluations have shown that dabigatran can be safely reinitiated 24 hours after the administration of idarucizumab. The United States Food and Drug Administration granted priority review for the biologic license application and accelerated approval for idarucizumab. Conclusion: Idarucizumab represents an encouraging development in the reversal of dabigatran. Its novel mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and lack of thrombotic events contribute positively to its use in patients who experience bleeding or for those who require emergent surgery or procedures.
Can Fortification be Implemented in Rural African Communities Where Micronutrient Deficiencies are Greatest? Lessons from Projects in Malawi, Tanzania, and Senegal
Authors: Mildon Alison , Klaas Naomi , O'Leary Melani , Yiannakis Miriam 
Published: November 2015

Background Fortifying common foods with micronutrients is an effective strategy for decreasing micronutrient deficiencies at a population level. National fortification initiatives often do not impact remote communities that are unreached by commercially produced food. The feasibility and sustainability of small-scale fortification as a mechanism to overcome this barrier are not well documented. Objective To document the process and assess the feasibility of implementation of community-based fortification of staple grains in rural communities in Malawi, Tanzania, and Senegal. Methods In the late 1990s, World Vision piloted community-level fortification within a large-scale, multicountry, integrated nutrition and health program. The exploratory approach focused on developing appropriate community-based methods and processes for flour fortification. An external review in 2012 documented the implementation process, identified barriers and enablers for sustainability and effectiveness, and evaluated the potential for replication and/or scale-up of the intervention. Results Strong advocacy influenced national policy and legislation for mandatory national-level fortification of staple grains. Piloting community-based fortification led to community acceptance of the consumption of fortified foods; however, lack of realistic funding mechanisms limited sustainability. Conclusions Despite the complexity and challenges of community-based fortification, it demonstrates great potential to address unmet needs for micronutrients in vulnerable populations. Further work is needed to determine contextually feasible and sustainable mechanisms for premix supply, quality control, and cost recovery. Incorporating community-based fortification into national fortification frameworks is recommended for countries where a significant proportion of the population may have very limited access to commercially fortified foods.
Folate Status and Intake of Tribal Indian Adolescents Aged 10 to 17 Years
Authors: Jani Rati , Salian Nisha , Udipi Shobha , Ghugre Padmini , Lohia Neha , Haas Jere , Boy Erick 
Published: November 2015

Background Adequate folate intake and levels are advisable throughout life but are of particular importance during adolescence, a period of rapid growth. However, folate insufficiency in economically deprived Indian adolescents is understudied. Objective This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of folate deficiency and adequacy of folate intake of 224 tribal Indian adolescents (10 to 17 years of age). The secondary aim was to study the association between anemia status and folate status. Methods Radioimmunoassay, multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall, and HemoCue were used to measure red blood cell (RBC) folate, folate intake, and anemia status, respectively. Results The geometric mean (95% CI) RBC folate concentration (nmol/L) was 360.2 (329.7 to 393.6), and the mean ± SD folate intake (μg/day) and hemoglobin level (g/L) were 159.9 ± 44.7 and 125.4 ± 13.0, respectively. Almost half of boys and girls aged 10 to 12 and 13 to 15 years and 66.7% of girls aged 16 to 17 years were deficient in RBC folate (< 340 nmol/L). The mean ± SD folate intake (μg/day) of girls (139.4 ± 34.5) was lower than that of boys (173.8 ± 45.5) ( p < .001). With respect to adequacy of folate intake, a greater proportion of girls in the age group of 13–15 years (78.5% vs 38.6%, p < 0.001) and 16–17 years (100.0% vs 76.9%, p = 0.04) had intakes below their Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). No association was observed between folate intake and RBC folate deficiency or between anemia status and RBC folate deficiency. Conclusions Folate insufficiency was widespread in tribal Indian adolescents. There is an urgent need to develop culturally sensitive strategies for improvement.