bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EAT‐Lancet Diet Pattern, Genetic Predisposition, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Risk of Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality
Authors: Liu Fubin , Si Changyu , Chen Linlin , Peng Yu , Wang Peng , Wang Xixuan , Gong Jianxiao , Zhou Huijun , Gu Jiale , Qin Ailing , Zhang Ming , Chen Liangkai , Song Fangfang 
Published: September 2024

ScopeThe association between a planetary and sustainable EAT‐Lancet diet and lung cancer remains inconclusive, with limited exploration of the role of genetic susceptibility and inflammation.Methods and resultsThe study includes 175 214 cancer‐free participants in the UK Biobank. Fourteen food components are collected from a 24‐h dietary recall questionnaire. A polygenic risk score is constructed through capturing the overall risk variants for lung cancer. Sixteen inflammatory biomarkers are assayed in blood samples. Participants with the highest EAT‐Lancet diet scores (≥12) have a lower risk of lung cancer incidence (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–0.80) and mortality (HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48–0.88), compared to those with the lowest EAT‐Lancet diet scores (≤8). Interestingly, there is a significantly protective trend against both lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma with higher EAT‐Lancet diet scores. Despite no significant interactions, a risk reduction trend for lung cancer is observed with increasing EAT‐Lancet diet scores and decreasing genetic risk. Ten inflammatory biomarkers partially mediate the association between the EAT‐Lancet diet and lung cancer risk.ConclusionThe study depicts a lower risk of lung cancer conferred by the EAT‐Lancet diet associated with lower inflammation levels among individuals with diverse genetic predispositions.
Motion and temporal B0‐shift corrections for QSM and R2* mapping using dual‐echo spiral navigators and conjugate‐phase reconstruction
Authors: Meng Yuguang , Allen Jason W. , Sharghi Vahid Khalilzad , Qiu Deqiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop an efficient navigator‐based motion and temporal B0‐shift correction technique for 3D multi‐echo gradient‐echo (ME‐GRE) MRI for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and mapping.Theory and MethodsA dual‐echo 3D stack‐of‐spiral navigator was designed to interleave with the Cartesian multi‐echo gradient‐echo acquisitions, allowing the acquisition of both low‐echo and high‐echo time signals. We additionally designed a novel conjugate phase–based reconstruction method for the joint correction of motion and temporal B0 shifts. We performed numerical simulation, phantom scans, and in vivo human scans to assess the performance of the methods.ResultsNumerical simulation and human brain scans demonstrated that the proposed technique successfully corrected artifacts induced by both head motions and temporal B0 changes. Efficient B0‐change correction with conjugate‐phase reconstruction can be performed on fewer than 10 clustered k‐space segments. In vivo scans showed that combining temporal B0 correction with motion correction further reduced artifacts and improved image quality in both and QSM images.ConclusionOur proposed approach of using 3D spiral navigators and a novel conjugate‐phase reconstruction method can improve susceptibility‐related measurements using MR.
Effects of dietary tocotrienol on growth, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, histology, and disease resistance of Largemouth Bass fingerlings
Authors: Zhang Shilin , Ren Huige , Wu Wenyi , Li Luoxin , Chai Yi , Liu Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
We sought to assess the efficacy of feeding tocotrienol, a member of the vitamin E family, as it impacts physiological functions in fingerling fish.

Methods
Fingerling Largemouth Bass Micropterus nigricans with an initial mean body weight (±SD) of 0.98 ± 0.09 g were fed five diets containing tocotrienol at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg (T0, T10, T20, T30, and T40 diets, respectively) for 42 days. After the feeding experiment, fish were challenged with Largemouth Bass ranavirus (LMBV) and monitored for 48 h.

Result
Findings indicated a positive impact of tocotrienol-supplemented diets on fingerling survival. Furthermore, the weight gain and specific growth rate of fish that received the T30 and T40 diets were significantly higher than those of fish that were fed the T0 diet. Tocotrienol supplementation improved the protein efficiency ratio and condition factor and increased the whole-body lipid and protein content. Conversely, the hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, and feed conversion ratio were significantly decreased by tocotrienol supplementation. Fish that were fed the T30 and T40 diets exhibited significantly higher hepatopancreas lipase activity and intestinal protease activity. Generally, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the liver increased as the tocotrienol level increased. Additionally, the liver malondialdehyde concentration decreased, and there was an improvement in the structure of liver cell tissue. Survival at 48 h after the LMBV challenge was significantly higher in fish that were fed the T30 and T40 diets compared to fish that were given the T0 diet. Maximum specific growth rate was observed at a tocotrienol concentration of 33.63 mg/kg.

Conclusion
Results suggest that supplementation of Largemouth Bass fingerling diets with appropriate quantities of tocotrienol can enhance survival, growth, antioxidant capacity, digestion, and uptake of nutrients as well as disease resistance.
Complex skeletal foot malformation in a Samnite “warrior grave” from Abruzzo, southern Italy (8th–5th century BCE)
Authors: Luciani Stefania 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis report describes a male skeleton recovered from the Samnite necropolis of Barrea (Abruzzo, 8th–5th century BCE), showing one malformed foot consistent with the diagnosis of unilateral congenital clubfoot associated with tarsal and tarsometatarsal coalitions in the same foot. This finding is particularly noteworthy because tarsal coalitions in congenital equinovarus foot have rarely been reported in medical literature, and to our knowledge, never in the paleopathological record. The recovery of this individual with impaired locomotion from a grave containing a complete array of weapons and armor sheds new light on the occupant's identity and social attitudes toward disabled people in Samnite society. In mortuary archaeology, the correlation between warrior burials and social identity in life of the dead in ancient times is a widely debated issue. Some scholars assert that the weapons in these graves suggest the existence of a warrior class; others propose that the military items of the burial assemblage indicate a high social status or significant power. This study suggests that in Samnite society, physical impairment did not prevent someone from being honored as a warrior or high‐status community member.
Novel drug delivery materials: Chitosan polymers conjugated with Spondias pinnata phytocompounds for enhanced anti‐microbial and anti‐cancer properties
Authors: Gomathi M. , Deepa Nair , Muraleedharan Aiswarya , Maheswari Shanmugavel Uma , Thirumalaisamy R. , Selvankumar T. , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe current study aimed to investigate the drug delivery potential of chitosan‐conjugated Spondias pinnata phytocompounds for anticancer and antibacterial applications. The phytochemical composition of the aqueous extract of S. pinnata plant leaves revealed seven major compounds, including stearic acid, 2H‐Indol‐2‐one, beta amyrin, oleic acid, octadecanoic acid, 7‐hexadecenoic acid, and phytol. Additionally, five minor compounds were identified through GC–MS analysis. SEM analysis of chitosan‐conjugated S. pinnata phytocompounds revealed amorphous particles. This demonstrates the attainment of optimized larger crystallites, which differ in size and shape extensively. The antioxidant potential of both the chitosan‐conjugated S. pinnata phytocompounds and S. pinnata leaf extracts was evaluated via DPPH and ABTS assays, and the results revealed that the chitosan‐conjugated S. pinnata phytocompounds exhibited significant scavenging activity, with IC50 values of 18.20 and 33.15 μg/mL, respectively. Chitosan‐conjugated S. pinnata phytocompounds also demonstrated antibacterial activity against four clinically significant infections, with zones of inhibition ranging from 16 ± 0.07, 19 ± 0.10, 17 ± 0.09, and 19 ± 0.11 mm against Escherichia coli (MTCC 452), Salmonella typhi (MTCC 733), Klebsiella pneumonia (MTCC 39), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1688), respectively. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the chitosan‐conjugated S. pinnata phytocompounds was assessed against A549 lung cancer cells, and the results revealed a significant reduction in cell viability (33.85) at higher concentrations of 150 μg/mL. The IC50 values of S. pinnata leaf extract (149.2 mg/mL) and chitosan‐conjugated S. pinnata (126.4 mg/mL) toward A549 lung cancer cells were recorded. Overall, the results of the present study highlight the therapeutic applications of chitosan‐conjugated S. pinnata phytocompounds, particularly in the context of their anticancer and antibacterial activities.
Insight into the compositional variation of volatile and polar compounds of Radix Bupleuri from different processing technologies by GC‐MS and UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS metabolomics
Authors: Li Jiaxi , Yan Chengye , Li Jiahao , Yong Xin , Han Siming , Yang Xiaotong , Du Jie , Xu Huijun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionInsight into comparing key active ingredients of Radix Bupleuri (RB) based on different processing technologies is a key step to reveal the material basis of drug efficacy and a challenging task for developing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).ObjectiveThis work aims to establish a comprehensive comparative analysis method of TCM and its processed products, which can be used to analyze the changing trend of active components of RB before and after processing.MethodsFirst, RB was processed with rice vinegar, rice wine, and honey. Then, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) technology as well as multiple statistical analyses were used to comprehensively evaluate the compositional variation of polar and volatile compounds in RB under different processing processes. Meanwhile, in UHPLC‐MS, a sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectral and information‐dependent acquisition mutual authentication (SIMA) was developed.ResultsA total of 30 polar components and 33 volatile components were identified as chemical markers (mainly type II saikosaponins, terpenes, and fatty acid esters). These may be the material basis for giving unique pharmacological activities to RB and its processed products.ConclusionsThese findings provided a solid foundation for the differentiated clinical application of RB, and the SIMA method held great potential for achieving accurate analysis of TCM processing ingredients.
Feature‐based molecular networking and MS2LDA analysis for the dereplication of adjacent bis‐tetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins
Authors: Gurgul Aleksandra , Che Chun‐Tao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionAnnonaceous acetogenins are a group of natural polyketide compounds possessing notable cytotoxic and antitumor properties. Mass spectrometry (MS) techniques can be used for the structural determination of these compounds, including the location of functional groups along the long alkyl chain.ObjectiveThis study aims to develop a convenient liquid chromatography (LC)–MS‐based method for the dereplication of acetogenins in plant extracts using a molecular networking approach.MethodologyThe LC–electrospray ionization (ESI)–MS/MS spectra of pure adjacent bis‐tetrahydrofuran (THF) acetogenins isolated from Uvaria rufa (Annonaceae) were acquired, along with those of the crude ethyl acetate and hexanes fractions of the plant extract, followed by dereplication and molecular networking analysis using the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform.ResultsA high level of fragmentation of the protonated molecules [M + H]+ was observed at collision energies of 37.5 and 25.0 eV. The application of feature‐based molecular networking (FBMN) allowed for distinguishing diastereoisomers based on different retention times in the reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method. The acetogenin possessing one or more additional OH groups on the methyl‐terminal chain side of the OH‐flanked bis‐THF ring unit were grouped separately from those lacking such substructure. Furthermore, the MS2LDA analysis revealed shared Mass2Motifs among acetogenins, confirming the structural relations within the molecular network.ConclusionsThe ESI–MS/MS‐based molecular networking method provided an effective strategy for the dereplication of acetogenins in plant extracts. It is anticipated that this molecular networking approach could be extended to other types of acetogenins to facilitate rapid identification of this class of compounds.
NIR‐induced upconversion‐assisted photopolymerization: Key factors, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Kandeloos Amirhossein Jalali , Bastani Saeed , Ghahari Mehdi , Jalili Mojtaba , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNIR‐induced upconversion‐assisted photopolymerization has gained growing attention in the past two decades because of its numerous advantages over conventional UV/visible photopolymerization and two‐photon polymerization processes. However, research in this area is still in its early stages. To extend the practical application of NIR‐induced radiation curing, it is essential to optimize the factors affecting the photopolymerization reactions. Researchers have been constantly trying to improve these factors to tune the photo‐physical characteristics (luminescence intensity and color) of upconversion particles (UCPs), enhance curing depths and degree of double bond conversion (DC), and investigate the application of UCPs in emerging fields. In this review, first, a brief discussion of the upconversion mechanisms and upconversion efficiency is provided. Then, a detailed discussion of the factors influencing the upconversion‐assisted photopolymerization comprising UCP nature and characteristics, UCP content, presence of fillers/pigments/additives, laser intensity, photoinitiator content, and maximum absorption wavelength of photoinitiator is provided, and recent progress in improving these factors is presented. Finally, the advantages and drawbacks of the UC‐initiated polymerization are discussed, and perspectives for future directions are suggested.Highlights
NIR‐induced upconversion‐assisted photopolymerization garners growing interest.
Influential factors in upconversion‐assisted photopolymerization are thoroughly discussed.
The recent progress on improving these factors and the future directions are provided.
Impact of photochemical aging on high‐performance fabrics used in firefighters' protective clothing
Authors: Hoque Md. Saiful , Dolez Patricia I. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance fabrics used in the outer shell of firefighters' protective clothing protect the wearer from severe conditions. These fabrics are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation during service and storage, which may eventually reduce their performance. This study explored the effect of accelerated photochemical aging on three fabrics used in the outer shell of firefighters' protective clothing; they corresponded to aramid copolymer/polybenzoxazole, para‐aramid/meta‐aramid, and para‐aramid/polybenzimidazole fiber blends. The fabric specimens were subjected to irradiances between 0.35 and 1.35 W/m2 at temperatures between 40°C and 80°C for up to 600 hours. They were tested for breaking force and apparent water contact angle. Complementary microscopy, chemical, and physicochemical analysis were also performed. The UV‐aged para‐aramid/polybenzimidazole fabric demonstrated a better breaking force retention compared to the aramid copolymer/polybenzoxazole and para‐aramid/meta‐aramid fabrics. The considerable reduction in strength observed in the two latter fabrics was associated with fiber breakage. Furthermore, the apparent water contact angle significantly decreased following UV exposure, indicating the potential degradation of the fabric surface finish. On the other hand, no significant changes in the crystallinity index were detected whereas potential decreases in the peak intensity of some chemical functional groups were observed after photochemical aging. These results highlight the significance of material selection in enhancing the long‐term performance of fire‐protective fabrics and offer insightful information on the photochemical aging of high‐performance fabrics.
The effect of copolymerization of Hou Po‐bisphenol units on cationic waterborne polyurethane
Authors: Li Yankun , Luan Wenbo , Yuan Peichen , Zhen Guanzhou , Xing An , Wu Haitao , Guo Longhai , Li Xiaoyu , Ye Jun , Qiu Teng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBio‐based bisphenols from Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, one of the popularly used herb in traditional Chinese medicine) was applied as a new kind of the chain extender for the synthesis of cationic waterborne polyurethane (CWPU). Since the representative Hou Po‐bisphenols include magnolol (MAG), honokiol (HON) and Magnolia officinalis extract (MPE), to explore their subtle structure effects and distinguish them from their petrochemical analogs of bisphenol A (BPA) and 2,2′‐biphenol (OBP), the CWPU modified by different bisphenols were systematically characterized and compared. It has been found that the copolymerization of MAG onto the backbone of CWPU can give out superior film toughness, damping factors and self‐healing efficiency (>90%). The elastic film recovered from the cut‐off damage exhibited the tensile strength of 41.5 MPa and the elongation at break of 940%. On the contrary, MPE modified CWPU exhibited remarkable reinforcement effect on the CWPU films, and the tensile strength reached ~50 MPa but with the sacrificed reversibility. The enhanced thermal stability and surface hydrophobicity were also pronounced on the MPE modified CWPU. The very different roles of the Hou Po‐bisphenols are in sharply distinctive from their petrochemical analogs, providing new insights into the design of biologically sourced materials.
UAMFDet: Acoustic‐Optical Fusion for Underwater Multi‐Modal Object Detection
Authors: Chen Haojie , Wang Zhuo , Qin Hongde , Mu Xiaokai 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTUnderwater object detection serves as a crucial means for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to gain awareness of their surroundings. Currently, AUVs predominantly depend on underwater optical cameras or sonar sensing techniques to furnish vital information sources for subsequent tasks such as underwater rescue and mining exploration. However, the influence of underwater light attenuation or significant background noise often leads to the failure of either the acoustic or optical sensor. Consequently, the traditional single‐modal object detection network, which relies exclusively on either the optical or acoustic modality, struggles to adapt to the varying complexities of underwater environments. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel underwater acoustic‐optical fusion‐based underwater multi‐modal object detection paradigm termed UAMFDet, which fuses highly misaligned acoustic‐optical features in the spatial dimension at both the fine‐grained level and the instance level. First, we propose a multi‐modal deformable self‐aligned feature fusion module to adaptively capture feature dependencies between multi‐modal targets, and perform self‐aligned multi‐modal fine‐grained feature fusion by differential fusion. Then a multi‐modal instance‐level feature matching network is designed. It matches multi‐modal instance features by a lightweight cross‐attention mechanism and performs differential fusion to achieve instance‐level feature fusion. In addition, we establish a data set dedicated to underwater acoustic‐optical fusion object detection tasks called UAOF, and conduct a large number of experiments on the UAOF data set to verify the effectiveness of UAMFDet.
Initial ecological recovery post‐weir removal amidst catchment‐wide improvements, in a groundwater‐dominated chalk stream
Authors: England J. , White J. C. , Johns T. , Meadows G. , Hannah D. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhysical habitat modification is one of the main pressures affecting river environments, impacting their ecosystem health and compromising their ability to adapt to the effects of climate change. Addressing the impacts of physical modification through reinvigorating natural processes has become a globally established river restoration technique. Here, we appraised such an approach by assessing ecological responses to a weir removal project on an English groundwater‐dominated ‘chalk’ stream. Using a Before‐After‐Control‐Impact (BACI) approach, we found that 3 years post‐restoration the macroinvertebrate communities are moving towards those of the target community both in terms of structural complexity (e.g., taxonomic composition) and functional integrity (e.g., trait composition). The progress is ongoing and has occurred alongside wider catchment improvements. Our results indicate that ecological responses to passive restoration undertaken on low energy streams, such as chalk streams, may be gradual, and thus longer‐term assessment is needed to fully appraise ecological recovery. We highlight the importance of a BACI approach to understand the local responses to restoration in a catchment context. Our findings also provide further evidence highlighting complementary ecological information provided by assessing taxonomic and functional properties concurrently in post‐project appraisals. A better understanding of ecological recovery times should be incorporated into future restoration planning. Such evidence would help develop robust assessments over appropriate timescales, increasing the likelihood of accurately and effectively appraising restoration project success, and helping to build support to increase the scale and pace of restoration actions needed to address biodiversity loss.
Assessing the Performance of Machine Learning Methods Trained on Public Health Observational Data: A Case Study From COVID‐19
Authors: Pigoli Davide , Baker Kieran , Budd Jobie , Butler Lorraine , Coppock Harry , Egglestone Sabrina , Gilmour Steven G. , Holmes Chris , Hurley David , Jersakova Radka , Kiskin Ivan , Koutra Vasiliki , Mellor Jonathon , Nicholson George , Packham Joe , Patel Selina , Payne Richard , Roberts Stephen J. , Schuller Björn W. , Tendero‐Cañadas Ana , Thornley Tracey , Titcomb Alexander 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTFrom early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, there was interest in using machine learning methods to predict COVID‐19 infection status based on vocal audio signals, for example, cough recordings. However, early studies had limitations in terms of data collection and of how the performances of the proposed predictive models were assessed. This article describes how these limitations have been overcome in a study carried out by the Turing‐RSS Health Data Laboratory and the UK Health Security Agency. As part of the study, the UK Health Security Agency collected a dataset of acoustic recordings, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection status and extensive study participant meta‐data. This allowed us to rigorously assess state‐of‐the‐art machine learning techniques to predict SARS‐CoV‐2 infection status based on vocal audio signals. The lessons learned from this project should inform future studies on statistical evaluation methods to assess the performance of machine learning techniques for public health tasks.