bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of olfactory training effectiveness in relation to its complexity and the cause of olfactory loss
Authors: Oleszkiewicz Anna , Hanf Sandra , Whitcroft Katie L. , Haehner Antje , Hummel Thomas 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveAlthough the effectiveness of olfactory training (OT) had already been documented, the optimal regimen for such training remains unexplored. We examined whether the complexity of OT, namely alteration of odor quantity and quality, increases its effectiveness.DesignOne‐hundred eight patients (Mage = 60.1 ± 1) with postinfectious (n = 57) or idiopathic (n = 51) olfactory dysfunction underwent OT preceded and followed by examination of olfactory function.MethodsSubjects were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions: 1) simple training comprising four basic, single‐molecule substances; 2) complex training involving four odor mixtures; and 3) odor‐altering training in which patients changed sets of mixtures every 2 months.ResultsThe analysis of variance revealed that the benefit seen in this sample was not affected by the complexity of OT with regard to odor mixtures or alteration of odor type. The highest increase of the Sniffin' Sticks (Burghardt GmbH; Wedel, Germany) threshold, discrimination, and identification (and overall TDI) score was observed in postinfectious patients.ConclusionWe conclude that the outcomes of OT are not strongly influenced by the training regimen. However, further investigation of OT regimens is required, particularly with regard to training duration.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 128:1518–1522, 2018
Lack of long‐term add‐on effect by montelukast in postoperative chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyps
Authors: Van Gerven Laura , Langdon Cristobal , Cordero Arturo , Cardelús Sara , Mullol Joaquim , Alobid Isam 
Published: November 2017

Objectives/HypothesisEosinophils and mast cells are among the key cells in inflammatory diseases like chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma. Leukotriene antagonists have proven to be effective in the treatment of asthma, but data about their efficacy in CRS are scarce, whereas data on montelukast as an add‐on treatment to intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) in a postoperative setting are completely lacking.Study DesignProspective, randomized, open‐label trial.MethodsIn this trial with long‐term follow‐up, we evaluated the efficacy of montelukast as an add‐on treatment to INCS in postoperative CRS with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) patients. CRSwNP patients (N = 72) undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were randomized in two arms for the postoperative treatment. One group (N = 36) received INCS in monotherapy, whereas the other group (N = 36) received INCS in association with montelukast for 1 year. The efficacy of montelukast with INCS was evaluated by assessing both subjective (total five‐symptom score [T5SS]) and objective (nasal polyp score [NPS], Lund‐Mackay [LMK] score, and subjective olfactometry [Barcelona Smell Test 24]) outcome parameters and compared with the gold standard of INCS in monotherapy.ResultsAfter 1 year of surgery, T5SS, NPS, and LMK score were significantly reduced in patients treated with either INCS or INCS plus montelukast, without significant differences between the two treatment arms. Improvement of smell loss by olfactometry was also observed with no differences between arms. Similar findings were observed at 3 and 6 months.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the addition of montelukast to INCS should not be recommended in the treatment of postoperative CRSwNP patients.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 1743–1751, 2018
When Robot Precision Becomes a Decisive Competitive Advantage
Authors: Wonka Siegfried 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMore than forty employees are engaged in the design and construction of welding systems at Conntronic Prozess‐ und Automatisierungstechnik GmbH. In its almost 15‐year‐old history, the company has built up numerous core competencies. These include CD machines and systems, special systems on the basis of resistance welding technology or robot‐driven laser welding and cutting systems.
A spiral‐based volumetric acquisition for MR temperature imaging
Authors: Fielden Samuel W. , Feng Xue , Zhao Li , Miller G. Wilson , Geeslin Matthew , Dallapiazza Robert F. , Elias W. Jeffrey , Wintermark Max , Butts Pauly Kim , Meyer Craig H. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeTo develop a rapid pulse sequence for volumetric MR thermometry.MethodsSimulations were carried out to assess temperature deviation, focal spot distortion/blurring, and focal spot shift across a range of readout durations and maximum temperatures for Cartesian, spiral‐out, and retraced spiral‐in/out (RIO) trajectories. The RIO trajectory was applied for stack‐of‐spirals 3D imaging on a real‐time imaging platform and preliminary evaluation was carried out compared to a standard 2D sequence in vivo using a swine brain model, comparing maximum and mean temperatures measured between the two methods, as well as the temporal standard deviation measured by the two methods.ResultsIn simulations, low‐bandwidth Cartesian trajectories showed substantial shift of the focal spot, whereas both spiral trajectories showed no shift while maintaining focal spot geometry. In vivo, the 3D sequence achieved real‐time 4D monitoring of thermometry, with an update time of 2.9–3.3 s.ConclusionSpiral imaging, and RIO imaging in particular, is an effective way to speed up volumetric MR thermometry. Magn Reson Med 79:3122–3127, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Impact of radiation therapy and extent of resection for ependymoma in young children: A population‐based study
Authors: Snider C.A. , Yang K. , Mack S.C. , Suh J.H. , Chao S.T. , Merchant T.E. , Murphy E.S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundYoung children with posterior fossa ependymoma (PF‐EPN) have a worse prognosis than older children, and they have a unique molecular profile (PF‐EPN‐A subtype). Alternative treatment strategies are often used in these young patients, and their prognostic factors are less clear.MethodsWe characterized the prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of 482 patients between ages 0 and 3 years with the diagnosis of ependymoma identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (1973–2013).ResultsRadiation therapy (RT) was delivered to 52.3% of patients, and gross total resection (GTR) was performed in 51.0% of patients. Overall survival (OS) at 10 years was 48.4% with median follow‐up of 3.3 years. WHO grade was not predictive of OS. Extent of resection was significant for survival; the 10‐year OS with GTR was 61.0%, and with subtotal resection (STR) and biopsy was 38.2% and 35.0%, respectively (P < 0.001). RT significantly benefitted OS for both grades II and III. The 10‐year OS for grade II was 50.5% with RT and 43.4% without (P = 0.030); 10‐year OS for grade III was 66.0% with RT and 40.0% without (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed significantly improved OS with RT (hazard ratio [HR] 0.601, 95% CI: 0.439–0.820, P = 0.001) and GTR (HR 0.471, 95% CI: 0.328–0.677, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsEpendymoma outcomes in patients within 0–3 years of age significantly improved with RT and GTR. Histopathologic grading of ependymoma demonstrated no prognostic significance. Given the poor OS for this population and unique genetic profile, future prospective studies with molecular‐based stratification should be performed to evaluate additional prognostic factors.
Deep vein thrombosis in pediatric patients
Authors: Jaffray Julie , Young Guy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDue to advances in caring for critically ill children and those with chronic diseases, rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are increasing in children. Risk factors consist of central venous catheters, chronic medical conditions, thrombophilia, and various medications. Compression Doppler ultrasonography is the method most commonly used to diagnose DVT, and patients will usually present with pain and swelling of the affected limb. Anticoagulation via subcutaneous injection is the most common treatment regime for children with DVT, and the new, direct oral anticoagulants are currently under investigation. Prevention techniques are not established, but clinical studies are addressing this need.
Study of the Elaboration of HMX and HMX Composites by the Spray Flash Evaporation Process
Authors: Pichot Vincent , Seve Aymeric , Berthe Jean‐Edouard , Schnell Fabien , Spitzer Denis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Spray Flash Evaporation (SFE) process invented and developed at the NS3E laboratory allows obtaining different nanosized explosives (TNT, RDX, CL‐20…). This process is based on the very fast evaporation of the solvent due to the drastic modification of pressure and temperature leading to the crystallization of the molecules present in solution into nanometric or submicrometric particles. Here, we show the possibility to prepare pure HMX (Octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine) or HMX based composites at the nanoscale using this process. This study mainly focuses on the size, morphology and crystallographic phases obtained for HMX and HMX/TNT composites depending on the experimental conditions (temperature, pressure, solution concentration…) used during the elaboration. For this purpose, the results obtained from scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy are discussed.
The effectiveness of stabilising exercises in pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy and after delivery: A systematic review
Authors: Almousa S. , Lamprianidou E. , Kitsoulis G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundPelvic girdle pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder which affects women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. In previous years, physiotherapists have focused on managing pelvic girdle pain through stabilizing exercises.PurposeThe aim of this study was to systematically review studies investigating the effectiveness of the stabilizing exercises for pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy and the postpartum period.MethodsThe following electronic databases were utilized to search for eligible studies: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and Cochrane Library. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined a priori. The quality assessment was performed by the two reviewers independently using the PEDro scale (Physiotherapy Evidence‐based Database).ResultsSix studies were identified as eligible with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All studies evaluated the pain as an outcome measure. The evidence conflicted between the studies. Two studies showed that stabilizing exercises decrease pain and improve the quality of life for pregnant women when they are carried out on a regular basis. There is some limited evidence that stabilizing exercises decrease pain for postpartum women too.ConclusionIn summary, there is limited evidence for the clinician to conclude on the effectiveness of stabilizing exercises in treating pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy and the postpartum periods.
A comparative study of viral capsids and bacterial compartments reveals an enriched understanding of shell dynamics
Authors: Song Guang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this work, we carry out a comparative study of the homo 360‐mer structures of viral capsids and bacterial compartments. Different from viral 360‐mers that all are arranged on a skewed right‐handed icosahedral lattice with a triangulation number T of 7, the new 360‐mer structure of AaLS‐13, an engineered bacterial compartment, offers a novel open conformation that has a unique unskewed lattice arrangement with a triangulation number T of 1 and large keyhole‐shaped pores in the shell. By comparing their differences, we are able to predict a closed conformation of AaLS‐13 that has the same lattice arrangement as existing viral capsid structures and in which all the keyhole‐shaped pores are shut. We find that there is a smooth transition pathway between the open and closed conformations. There exists another close conformation but with an opposite, left handedness, which, however, is not kinetically accessible from the open conformation. Our finding thus provides a clue why existing 360‐mer capsid structures all share the same right handedness. We further show that the conformation transition between the open and closed forms aligns extremely well with the intrinsic dynamics of the system as revealed from normal mode analysis, indicating that conformation transition can be fully driven by thermal fluctuations. The significance of this work is that it provides a better understanding of shell dynamics of both viral capsids and bacterial compartments, paving a way for future study of pore dynamics and the selective permeability of these systems.
Shaping Luminescent Properties of Yb3+ and Ho3+ Co‐Doped Upconverting Core–Shell β‐NaYF4 Nanoparticles by Dopant Distribution and Spacing
Authors: Pilch Aleksandra , Würth Christian , Kaiser Martin , Wawrzyńczyk Dominika , Kurnatowska Michalina , Arabasz Sebastian , Prorok Katarzyna , Samoć Marek , Strek Wiesław , Resch‐Genger Ute , Bednarkiewicz Artur 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAt the core of luminescence color and lifetime tuning of rare earth doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), is the understanding of the impact of the particle architecture for commonly used sensitizer (S) and activator (A) ions. In this respect, a series of core@shell NaYF4 UCNPs doped with Yb3+ and Ho3+ ions are presented here, where the same dopant concentrations are distributed in different particle architectures following the scheme: YbHo core and YbHo@…, …@YbHo, Yb@Ho, Ho@Yb, YbHo@Yb, and Yb@YbHo core–shell NPs. As revealed by quantitative steady‐state and time‐resolved luminescence studies, the relative spatial distribution of the A and S ions in the UCNPs and their protection from surface quenching has a critical impact on their luminescence characteristics. Although the increased amount of Yb3+ ions boosts UCNP performance by amplifying the absorption, the Yb3+ ions can also efficiently dissipate the energy stored in the material through energy migration to the surface, thereby reducing the overall energy transfer efficiency to the activator ions. The results provide yet another proof that UC phosphor chemistry combined with materials engineering through intentional core@shell structures may help to fine‐tune the luminescence features of UCNPs for their specific future applications in biosensing, bioimaging, photovoltaics, and display technologies.
A systematic mapping study of information visualization for software product line engineering
Authors: Lopez‐Herrejon Roberto Erick , Illescas Sheny , Egyed Alexander 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSoftware product lines (SPLs) are families of related systems whose members are distinguished by the set of features they provide. Over 2 decades of research and practice can attest to the substantial benefits of applying SPL practices such as better customization, improved software reuse, and faster time to market. Software product line engineering (SPLE) refers to the paradigm of developing SPLs. Typical SPLE efforts involve a large number of features that are combined to form also large numbers of products, implemented using multiple and different types of software artifacts. Because of the sheer amount of information and its complexity, visualization techniques have been used for different SPLE activities. In this paper, we present an extended systematic mapping study on this subject. Our research questions aim to gather information regarding the techniques that have been applied, at what SPLE activities, how they were implemented, the publication fora used, the methods of empirical evaluation, and the provenance of the evaluation examples. Our driving goal is to identify common trends, gaps, and opportunities for further research and application.
Assessing the net section resistance and ductility requirements of EN 1993‐1‐1 and EN 1993‐1‐12
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Schaffrath Simon 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn Eurocode 3 the strength functions are derived from simple engineering models, which always require a certain degree of material ductility. With regard to high‐strength steels and the accuracy of the design models themselves, several problems are involved due to a lack of sound consideration of the plastification and damage process. Additionally, the current ductility requirements of EC3 obstruct the use of high‐strength steels with fy ≥ 500 MPa. Within the current revision of EC3, comprehensive investigations have been conducted to overcome these obstacles. To complement extensive experimental tests, improved numerical methods considering damage mechanics have been used to predict the real plastification and damage process for relevant details. The numerical models were validated by comparing them with experimental results. Subsequently, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of strength and toughness properties separately. It could be shown that the reduction factor of 0.9 to account for the net section resistance can be omitted if cracks can be excluded. Furthermore, it became clear that a strain requirement based on the uniform elongation εu is not appropriate. Moreover, it was revealed that the yield ratio fu/fy has a significant impact on the toughness requirements necessary to reach the full net section resistance. Owing to a lack of minimum upper‐shelf toughness requirements in delivery standards, which would secure an appropriate inner damage resistance of the material, a substitution criterion is proposed.
Noninvasive and cost‐effective trapping method for monitoring sensitive mammal populations
Authors: Trapp Stephanie E. , Flaherty Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTNoninvasive sampling methods provide a means to monitor endangered, threatened, or sensitive species or populations while increasing the efficacy of personnel effort and time. We developed a monitoring protocol that utilizes single‐capture hair snares and analysis of morphological features of hair for evaluating populations. During 2015, we used the West Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus) in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia, USA, to test the feasibility of using this protocol to sample a sensitive mammal species found at low densities in challenging terrain and inclement weather conditions. Our hair snare was successful in collecting hair from 316 squirrels of 3 species with 99.4% single captures and only 1 permanent capture. Using morphological analysis, we differentiated among northern flying squirrels, southern flying squirrels (G. volans), and red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) using 8 morphological measurements and an orthogonal discriminant function analysis to successfully refine and confirm identification of the hair. We advocate the use of this relatively noninvasive and inexpensive protocol for studying other sensitive wildlife species. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Truth, knowledge, and the standard of proof in criminal law
Authors: Littlejohn Clayton 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCould it be right to convict and punish defendants using only statistical evidence? In this paper, I argue that it is not and explain why it would be wrong. This is difficult to do because there is a powerful argument for thinking that weshouldconvict and punish defendants using statistical evidence. It looks as if the relevant cases are cases of decision under risk and it seems we know what we should do in such cases (i.e., maximize expected value). Given some standard assumptions about the values at stake, the case for convicting and punishing using statistical evidence seems solid. In trying to show where this argument goes wrong, I shall argue (against Lockeans, reliabilists, and others) that beliefs supported only by statistical evidence are epistemically defective and (against Enoch, Fisher, and Spectre) that these epistemic considerations should matter to the law. To solve the puzzle about the role of statistical evidence in the law, we need to revise some commonly held assumptions about epistemic value and defend the relevance of epistemology to this practical question.
Varicella-zoster virus ORF7 interacts with ORF53 and plays a
role in its trans-Golgi network localization
Authors: Wang Wei , Fu Wenkun , Pan Dequan , Cai Linli , Ye Jianghui , Liu Jian , Liu Che , Que Yuqiong , Xia Ningshao , Zhu Hua , Cheng Tong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus that causes
chickenpox and shingles. ORF7 is an important virulence determinant of VZV in both
human skin and nerve tissues, however, its specific function and involved molecular
mechanism in VZV pathogenesis remain largely elusive. Previous yeast two-hybrid
studies on intraviral protein-protein interaction network in herpesviruses have
revealed that VZV ORF7 may interact with ORF53, which is a virtually unstudied but
essential viral protein. The aim of this study is to identify and characterize VZV
ORF53, and to investigate its relationship with ORF7. For this purpose, we prepared
monoclonal antibodies against ORF53 and, for the first time, characterized it as a
~40 kDa viral protein predominantly localizing to the trans-Golgi network of the
infected host cell. Next, we further confirmed the interaction between ORF7 and
ORF53 by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization studies in both
plasmid-transfected and VZV-infected cells. Moreover, interestingly, we found that
ORF53 lost its trans-Golgi network localization and became dispersed in the
cytoplasm of host cells infected with an ORF7-deleted recombinant VZV, and thus ORF7
seems to play a role in normal subcellular localization of ORF53. Collectively,
these results suggested that ORF7 and ORF53 may function as a complex during
infection, which may be implicated in VZV pathogenesis.
Select Document: John Hampden Jackson, ‘Finland and Ireland: assorted comparisons’ (1937)
Authors: Newby Andrew G. , Mc Mahon Richard 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis select document is an annotated translation of John Hampden Jackson’s 1937 Finnish-language text ‘Finland and Ireland: assorted comparisons’, an article previously unavailable in English. It represents an intriguing and extended instance of the generalised comparisons that were made between Irish and Finnish history by observers from the nineteenth century onwards. Therefore, as an example of a mid-twentieth-century primer of the two countries’ ‘parallel histories’, Hampden Jackson’s article is an excellent resource. Moreover, although Hampden Jackson had carved out a niche by the 1930s as an expert on Finland, his reflections on Ireland expose a rather patchy and superficial knowledge, and arguably a degree of condescension. Some of the value of translating this article is that it exposes attitudes of the (broadly-defined) British Left towards Ireland in the 1930s, and particularly the way these were presented, in comparisons with other countries, to an overseas audience.