bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Word Class Influence upon L1 and L2 English Word Association
Authors: Xiaosa Li , Wenyu Wang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study explores word class influence upon L1 and L2 word association. The participants included 26 L1 English speakers and 28 advanced EFL learners who finished an English word association test that involved three types of stimuli: nouns, verbs and adjectives. Response words to the stimuli were classified into paradigmatic, syntagmatic, encyclopedic and form-based categories. Results show that: 1) L2 mental lexicon largely resembled that of L1 English speakers in that both were dominated by paradigmatic association, but L2 syntagmatic association was obviously weaker than that of L1 across the three word classes; 2) Verbs and adjectives demonstrated a greater potential to elicit syntagmatic responses than nouns in both L1 and L2 association; 3) Compared with verbs and adjectives, nouns were more paradigmatically challenging to L2 learners.
Culture in Sustainability – Defining Cultural Sustainability in Education
Authors: Laine Marja 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The definition of cultural sustainability in education is explored in this article by looking into conceptions of cultural sustainability collected through expert queries and focus group engagement. These conceptions are compared with the scientific and especially pedagogical discourse on the matter as well as Soini and Birkeland’s theory of story lines of cultural sustainability and Barth’s theory of micro-, median- and macro-levels of culture. The analysis shows that the viewpoint of education brings a new dimension to the discussion on cultural sustainability. It specifically broadens the “culture in” definition from the perspectives of supporting children’s and youth’s identity process and micro-level encounters. From a theoretical point of view, the study therefore adds depth to the examination of cultural sustainability.
A Corpus of Young Learners’ English in the Baltic Region – Texts for Studies on Sustainable Development
Authors: Sundh Stellan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In order to reach far in the work for sustainable development, communication in foreign languages prior to strategic decisions is required from international partners. In this communication English has become the lingua franca. Even though the use of EFL (English as a foreign language) is widely spread, it is clear that in some geographical regions English has quite recently taken the role as the language of international communication. It is therefore relevant carry out studies in order to identify possible causes for misunderstandings when communicating in EFL. With the aim of providing material for research on EFL by 12-year-olds, the creation of a language corpus on the use of English in the Baltic region is in process. The first part of the data collection was completed in August 2016 and the data comprises some 2,200 texts written in 2015–2016 by Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Russian and Swedish learners. The aim of the present study is to investigate young learners’ written communication on issues related to sustainable development.
A qualitative method was used on a limited sample of to identify key words in the production by young learners of five different nationalities. Abstract nouns related to topics which can be regarded to refer to sustainable development were collected and analyzed.
The results show that 12-year-olds are able to communicate in English for discussions on issues related to sustainable development. This indicates that successful international communication in English on these matters is within reach with a continued process of English language learning at schools in the Baltic region.
Conjugate Heat Transfer Study of Combined Radiation and Forced Convection Turbulent Separated Flow
Authors: Nia M. Foruzan , Nassab S. A. Gandjalikhan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In the current study, a numerical investigation of two-dimensional combined convection-radiation heat transfer of turbulent gas flow over a backward-facing step (BFS) in a horizontal rectangular duct is presented. The computational domain contains two different parts including gas flow and solid element that makes the problem as a conjugate one. The gas phase is considered to be a radiating media that can absorb, emit and scatter thermal radiation, where in solid phase, heat transfer takes place by conduction. The set of governing equations for gas flow is solved numerically using the CFD technique and the

k
−
ε

$$k - \varepsilon $$

model is employed for computation of turbulence fluctuations. To evaluate the radiative term in the gas energy equation, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is solved by the discrete ordinates method (DOM). Inside the solid phase, the conduction equation is solved to obtain the temperature distribution. The effects of conduction ratio, optical thickness, radiation-conduction parameter and albedo coefficient on heat transfer behavior of the system are carried out.
Transdermal testosterone gel for induction and continuation of puberty in adolescent boys with hepatic dysfunction
Authors: Contreras Maria F. , Raisingani Manish , Prasad Kris , Franklin Bonita , Shah Bina 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTreatment to induce puberty in boys is indicated in those who do not undergo spontaneous development at a normal age. Stimulating development of the secondary sex characteristics is possible using gradually increasing doses of testosterone esters (TEs) via intramuscular (IM) administration, which is the most widely used method of testosterone (T) supplementation. When TEs are administered as monthly injection, serum T levels exhibit large fluctuations with supraphysiologic levels seen immediately after the injection followed by a decrease into the low range. Transdermal T (TT) has also been used for replacement therapy in adult males with hypogonadism and this provides steadier serum T levels. We report three adolescent boys with delayed puberty who were treated with TT gel for pubertal induction/continuation. This route was chosen as an alternative therapy due to their hepatic dysfunction, as is known that TT avoids the hepatic first-pass metabolism.
Vitamin D status in Egyptian children with type 1 diabetes and the role of vitamin D replacement in glycemic control
Authors: Hafez Mona , Hassan Mona , Musa Noha , Abdel Atty Sahar , Azim Sally Abdel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground:The association of low serum 25 hydroxy cholecalciferol (25OHD) levels with high glucose level and diminished insulin sensitivity suggests that vitamin D (VD) may modulate insulin metabolism. The aim of the study was to screen for vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and study the effect of VD supplementation on their glycemic control and insulin requirements.Methods:A prospective cohort study including 50 patients with T1D. VD level was assessed initially and after 3 months of VD supplementation (in those with VDD). HbAResults:Fifty patients with T1D were included with mean diabetes duration of 4.11±2.34 years. VD level ranged from 0.2 to 33 ng/mL. VD status correlated significantly with daily insulin dose (p=0.030, r=0.306) and HbAConclusions:VD was highly prevalent in Egyptian T1D patients. VD supplementation improved glycemic control at 3 months after therapy with no reduction in insulin requirements.
Optical spectroscopic analysis of annealed Cd1−xZnxSe thin films deposited by close space sublimation technique
Authors: Ali Ijaz , Iqbal Amjid , Mahmood Arshad , Shah A. , Zakria M. , Ali Asad 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Cd1−xZnxSe (x = 0, 0.40 and 1) thin films were deposited on a glass substrate at room temperature by closed space sublimation method. Optical investigation has been performed using spectrophotometry and ellipsometry. It has been found that for as deposited films the optical band gap increased and the optical constants decreased with increasing Zn content. To improve the optical properties of Cd1−xZnxSe thin films annealing effect at 400 °C was taken into consideration for various Zn contents. It was observed that the optical transmittance and band gap decreased while optical constants increased with increasing Zn content after annealing. The effects of composition and annealing on the optical dispersion parameters Eo and Ed were investigated using a single effective oscillator model. The calculated value of the average excitation energy Eo obeys the empirical relation (Eo = Eg/2) obtained from the single oscillator model.
First-principle calculations of effective mass of silicon crystal with vacancy defects
Authors: Zhong Shuying , Wu Musheng , Lei Xueling 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe energy band structures and electron (hole) effective masses of perfect crystalline silicon and silicon with various vacancy defects are investigated by using the plane-wave pseudopotential method based on density functional theory. Our results show that the effect of monovacancy and divacancy on the energy band structure of crystalline silicon is primarily reflected in producing the gap states and the local states in valence band maximum. It also causes breaking the symmetry of energy bands resulting from the Jahn-Teller effect, while only producing the gap states for the crystalline silicon with hexavacancy ring. However, vacancy point defects could not essentially affect the effective masses that are derived from the native energy bands of crystalline silicon, except for the production of defect states. Simultaneously, the Jahn-Teller distortions only affect the gap states and the local states in valence band maximum, but do not change the symmetry of conduction band minimum and the nonlocal states in valence band maximum, thus the symmetry of the effective masses. In addition, we study the electron (hole) effective masses for the gap states and the local states in valence band maximum.
Separation of americium (III) and strontium (II) using TEHDGA and 18-crown-6
Authors: Sinharoy Prithwish , Khan Pasupati Nath , Nair Deepika , Jagasia Poonam , Anitha M. , Dhami P.S. , Sharma J.N. , Kaushik C.P. , Banerjee Kalyan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This work describes extraction of Am(III) and Sr(II) together with tetra(2-ethylhexyl) diglycolamide (TEHDGA) and selective back-extraction of strontium with a strontium complexant, 18-crown-6, leading to their separation from each other. 0.3 M TEHDGA+5% isodecyl alcohol/n-dodecane was used to extract Am(III) and Sr(II) from 4 M nitric acid into organic phase with very high D (D
Am=1000, D
Sr=22) and 0.1 M 18-crown-6 dissolved in 4 M nitric acid is used for selective stripping of Sr(II) from loaded extract phase. Am(III) left in the extract phase was then stripped with 0.01 M nitric acid. Stripping of Sr(II) was found to increase with increase in 18-crown-6 concentration, at 0.1 M 18-crown-6 dissolved in 4 M nitric acid, 83% of the loaded strontium (D
Sr=0.20) was back-extracted in a single contact while loss of Am(III) was 0.8% (D
Am=122.45). Stoichiometry limit of 1:1 was observed between strontium and 18-crown-6. Strontium was precipitated and separated from the complexant by Na2SO4 or Na2CO3. This process was tested with simulated solution of high level waste and found suitable for quantitative recovery of strontium with high purity.
Radioiodinated famotidine as a new highly selective radiotracer for peptic ulcer disorder detection, diagnostic nuclear imaging and biodistribution
Authors: Sanad M. H. , Salama Dina H. , Marzook F. A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Famotidine was labeled with iodine-125 to obtain 125I-famotidine (125I-fam) as an agent for ulcer imaging. The radiochemical yield of 125I-famotidine reached approximately 98.5 ± 0.23% at optimum conditions of pH, oxidizing agent, reaction time and the amount of substrate. 125I-fam was stable for 48 h. Different chromatographic techniques were used to determine the radiochemical yield and purity. Intravenous biodistribution studies of 125I-fam revealed high concentration in the stomach ulcer, reaching about 65.9 ± 0.28% of the total injected dose at 30 min post injection. This concentration of 125I-fam in stomach ulcer makes this agent promising for stomach ulcer imaging.
Himmelsdisko: Anmerkungen zum Dante von Kurt Flasch
Authors: Regn Gerhard 
Published: December 2016

AbstractKurt Flash is a renowned historian of medieval philosophy with a profound knowledge of poetry. In 2011, he presented an ambitious, new prose translation of Dante’s Commedia into modern German, which he concluded with a voluminous and, at the same time, provocative »invitation to read Dante «. Though in a somewhat simplified manner, Flasch understands his own interpretation of the Commedia as taking part in the tradition of Erich Auerbach’s famous »Dante as poet of the secular world«. Dante’s epic of the afterlife is read, contrary to the current understanding of themMiddle ages, as product of a culture in the process of secularization: Flasch sees the Commedia as philosophical poetry aiming at the implementation of political ethics. Flasch views Dante as promoting the self-empowerment of man - the major point of reference is an Aristotelian philosophy that skips over the Christian scholasticism of Thomas Aquinas for the sake of thinkers like Averroes, who disconnect philosophical knowledge and religious transcendence. As critic of Dante, Flasch stands in contrast to current trends in Dante scholarship, which - for good reason - focus more on the complex interplay of theological truth and fiction than on a political message.
Poesie und Mechanik als Weltmodell
Authors: Kühlmann Wilhelm 
Published: December 2016

Abstract The article deals with Nicodemus Frischlin’s didactic poem on Strasbourg’s astronomical clock and its epistemic implications. It focuses on the interrelations between patriotic and anthropological dimensions as well as the underlying theoretical approaches towards (artistic) creation. Additionally, it discusses the specific textual representation of knowledge, distinguishing between factual, orientational, and ethical knowledge: The mechanism of the clock and its transformation into poetry refers to a comprehensive world model, rather than to a mere tool for telling the time.
Trinität, Gnadenstuhl und Henne
Authors: Steiger Johann Anselm 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article explores a painting (circa 1562) by the Antwerp artist, Frans Floris (1519/1520-1570). Special attention is given to Floris’s work with both the iconographic traditions and the theological impulses of the Reformation and how Floris takes the transconfessional imagery of the hen and her brood (Mt. 23:27) and gives it a genuine Lutheran interpretation. One finds compelling evidence for this Lutheran interpretation in the many biblical citations included in the painting. The intermediality of word and image is highly relevant in view of the early modern era’s visual theology, within which the image-filled word and the speaking images work together in fruitful cooperation.
Prospects for the EU-US Trade Relations in the Light of the TTIP
Authors: Ružeková Viera 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
To success on international markets, individual economies are trying to take measures to increase their efficiency, flexibility and competitiveness. There is a liberalization of tariff and non-tariff barriers mainly due to trade based on regional integration. Among such agreements belong also the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the EU and the USA, which represent the largest economies in the world. The paper analyses developed scientific studies that assess the economic impact, advantages and disadvantages of closer economic cooperation. However, it reflects not only the economic but also foreign policy importance of this partnership. In the case of signing the TTIP, it would become the most important bilateral trade agreement ever, both in terms of international trade as well as in terms of the impact on international trade as a whole.
Effects of Synergist vs. NonSynergist Split Resistance Training Routines on Acute Neuromuscular Performance in Resistance-Trained Men
Authors: Castanheira Rafael P. M. , Ferreira-Junior João B. , Celes Rodrigo S. , Rocha-Junior Valdinar A. , Cadore Eduardo L. , Izquierdo Mikel , Bottaro Martim 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Castanheira, RPM, Ferreira-Junior, JB, Celes, RS, Rocha-Junior, VA, Cadore, EL, Izquierdo, M, and Bottaro, M. Effects of synergist vs. nonsynergist split resistance training routines on acute neuromuscular performance in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3482–3488, 2017—The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of synergist (SN) vs. nonsynergist (NS) split resistance training routines on the acute neuromuscular performance of the elbow flexors in resistance-trained men. Fifteen resistance-trained men (age: 23.2 ± 4.0 years, height: 173.0 ± 0.08 cm, and body mass: 78.38 ± 9.31 kg) randomly performed 3 training routines separated by an interval of 7 days: (a) pull-pull exercises (SN), which included 6 sets of 10 repetition maximum (RM) of a seated row exercise followed by 4 sets of 10RM of the preacher biceps curl exercise; (b) push-pull exercises (NS), which included 6 sets of 10RM of the bench press exercise followed by 4 sets of 10RM of the preacher biceps curl exercise; and (c) Control, which included 4 sets of 10RM of the preacher biceps curl exercise. Elbow flexors peak torque, total work, and the amplitude of electromyography signal (EMG root mean square) were measured during the elbow flexor isokinetic exercise. Peak torque was 10.2 and 3.9% higher during Control condition when compared with the SN and NS conditions, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Peak torque was also 6.0% greater in the NS condition than the SN condition (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, total work was 5.1% greater in the NS condition than the SN condition. Additionally, EMG findings did not differ among conditions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, a push and pull NS split routine is recommended to maximize elbow flexor training performance (i.e., lower acute loading effect) in trained subjects.
Spontaneous Neural Oscillations Bias Perception by Modulating Baseline Excitability
Authors: Iemi Luca , Chaumon Maximilien , Crouzet Sébastien M. , Busch Niko A. 
Published: December 2016

The brain exhibits organized fluctuations of neural activity, even in the absence of tasks or sensory input. A prominent type of such spontaneous activity is the alpha rhythm, which influences perception and interacts with other ongoing neural activity. It is currently hypothesized that states of decreased prestimulus α oscillations indicate enhanced neural excitability, resulting in improved perceptual acuity. Nevertheless, it remains debated how changes in excitability manifest at the behavioral level in perceptual tasks. We addressed this issue by comparing two alternative models describing the effect of spontaneous α power on signal detection. The first model assumes that decreased α power increases baseline excitability, amplifying the response to both signal and noise, predicting a liberal detection criterion with no effect on sensitivity. The second model predicts that decreased α power increases the trial-by-trial precision of the sensory response, resulting in improved sensitivity. We tested these models in two EEG experiments in humans where we analyzed the effects of prestimulus α power on visual detection and discrimination using a signal detection framework. Both experiments provide strong evidence that decreased α power reflects a more liberal detection criterion, rather than improved sensitivity, consistent with the baseline model. In other words, when the task requires detecting stimulus presence versus absence, reduced α oscillations make observers more likely to report the stimulus regardless of actual stimulus presence. Contrary to previous interpretations, these results suggest that states of decreased α oscillations increase the global baseline excitability of sensory systems without affecting perceptual acuity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpontaneous fluctuations of brain activity explain why a faint sensory stimulus is sometimes perceived and sometimes not. The prevailing view is that heightened neural excitability, indexed by decreased α oscillations, promotes better perceptual performance. Here, we provide evidence that heightened neural excitability instead reflects a state of biased perception, during which a person is more likely to see a stimulus, whether or not it is actually present. Therefore, we propose that changes in neural excitability leave the precision of sensory processing unaffected. These results establish the link between spontaneous brain activity and the variability in human perception.
miRNA profiling of human naive CD4 T cells links miR‐34c‐5p to cell activation and HIV replication
Authors: Amaral Andreia J , Andrade Jorge , Foxall Russell B , Matoso Paula , Matos Ana M , Soares Rui S , Rocha Cheila , Ramos Christian G , Tendeiro Rita , Serra‐Caetano Ana , Guerra‐Assunção José A , Santa‐Marta Mariana , Gonçalves João , Gama‐Carvalho Margarida , Sousa Ana E 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCell activation is a vital step for T‐cell memory/effector differentiation as well as for productive HIV infection. To identify novel regulators of this process, we used next‐generation sequencing to profile changes in microRNA expression occurring in purified human naive CD4 T cells in response to TCR stimulation and/or HIV infection. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the transcriptional up‐regulation of miR‐34c‐5p in response to TCR stimulation in naive CD4 T cells. The induction of this miR was further consistently found to be reduced by both HIV‐1 and HIV‐2 infections. Overexpression of miR‐34c‐5p led to changes in the expression of several genes involved in TCR signaling and cell activation, confirming its role as a novel regulator of naive CD4 T‐cell activation. We additionally show that miR‐34c‐5p promotes HIV‐1 replication, suggesting that its down‐regulation during HIV infection may be part of an anti‐viral host response.
Cell cycle‐regulated ubiquitination of tankyrase 1 by RNF8 and ABRO1/BRCC36 controls the timing of sister telomere resolution
Authors: Tripathi Ekta , Smith Susan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTimely resolution of sister chromatid cohesion in G2/M is essential for genome integrity. Resolution at telomeres requires the poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase tankyrase 1, but the mechanism that times its action is unknown. Here, we show that tankyrase 1 activity at telomeres is controlled by a ubiquitination/deubiquitination cycle depending on opposing ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinase activities. In late S/G2 phase, the DNA damage‐responsive E3 ligase RNF8 conjugates K63‐linked ubiquitin chains to tankyrase 1, while in G1 phase such ubiquitin chains are removed by BRISC, an ABRO1/BRCC36‐containing deubiquitinase complex. We show that K63‐linked ubiquitin chains accumulate on tankyrase 1 in late S/G2 to promote its stabilization, association with telomeres, and resolution of cohesion. Timing of this posttranslational modification coincides with the ATM‐mediated DNA damage response that occurs on functional telomeres following replication in G2. Removal of ubiquitin chains is controlled by ABRO1/BRCC36 and occurs as cells exit mitosis and enter G1, ensuring that telomere cohesion is not resolved prematurely in S phase. Our studies suggest that a cell cycle‐regulated posttranslational mechanism couples resolution of telomere cohesion with completion of telomere replication to ensure genome integrity.