bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembly of graphene oxide‐formate dehydrogenase composites by nickel‐coordination with enhanced stability and reusability
Authors: Lin Peng , Zhang Yonghui , Ren Hong , Wang Yixuan , Wang Shizhen , Fang Baishan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFeaturing unique planar structure, large surface area and biocompatibility, graphene oxide (GO) has been widely taken as an ideal scaffold for the immobilization of various enzymes. In this regard, nickel‐coordinated graphene oxide composites (GO‐Ni) were prepared as novel supporters for the immobilization of formate dehydrogenase. The catalytic activity, stability and morphology were studied. Compared with GO, the enzyme loading capacity of GO‐Ni was enhanced by 5.2‐fold, besides the immobilized enzyme GO‐Ni‐FDH exhibited better thermostability, storage stability and reuse stability than GO‐FDH. GO‐Ni‐FDH retained 40.9% of its initial activity after 3 h at 60°C, and retained 31.4% of its initial relative activity after 20 days’ storage at 4°C. After eight times usages, GO‐Ni‐FDH maintained 63.8% of its initial activity. Mechanism insights of the multiple interactions of enzyme with the GO‐Ni were studied, considering coordination bonds, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces, coordination bonds, and etc. A practical and simple immobilization strategy by metal ions coordination for multimeric dehydrogenase was developed.
Epilepsy after perinatal stroke with different vascular subtypes
Authors: Laugesaar Rael , Vaher Ulvi , Lõo Silva , Kolk Anneli , Männamaa Mairi , Talvik Inga , Õiglane‐Shlik Eve , Loorits Dagmar , Talvik Tiina , Ilves Pilvi 
Published: February 2018

SummaryObjectiveWith an incidence up to 63 per 100,000 live births, perinatal stroke is an important cause of childhood epilepsy. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of and predictive factors for epilepsy, and to describe the course of epilepsy in children with perinatal stroke with different vascular subtypes.MethodsPatients were retrieved from the Estonian Paediatric Stroke Database with follow‐up time at least 24 months. Patients were divided into 5 perinatal stroke syndromes: neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), neonatal hemorrhagic stroke, neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosis, presumed AIS, and presumed periventricular venous infarction.ResultsThe final study group included 73 children with perinatal stroke (39 boys). With a median follow‐up time of 8.6 years, epilepsy was diagnosed in 21/73 (29%) children, most of whom had AIS (17/21, 81%). The 18‐year cumulative poststroke epilepsy risk according to the Kaplan‐Meier estimator was 40.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.7–55.9%). The median age at epilepsy diagnosis was 50 months (range 1 month to 18.4 years). Children with neonatal AIS had the highest risk of epilepsy, but children with presumed AIS more often had severe epilepsy syndromes. Cortical lesions (odds ratio [OR] 19.7, 95% CI 2.9–133), and involvement of thalamus (OR 9.8, 95% CI 1.8–53.5) and temporal lobe (OR 8.3, 95% CI 1.8–39.6) were independently associated with poststroke epilepsy.SignificanceThe risk for poststroke epilepsy after perinatal stroke depends on the vascular subtype. Patients with perinatal AIS need close follow‐up to detect epilepsy and start with antiepileptic treatment on time.
Encapsulation of real‐time IoT CoAP traffic
Authors: Herrero Rolando 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) has been instrumental to the deployment of wireless sensors and actuators in Internet of Things low‐power low‐rate networks. Typically, a large number of such devices interact with a single gateway that routes traffic to servers where complex processing is performed. CoAP provides a highly efficient end‐to‐end mechanism that relies on the User Datagram Protocol for transport, and it is characterized by both low throughput and low latency. Because Internet firewalls typically filter User Datagram Protocol traffic as it traverses from gateways to servers, the use of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) encapsulation becomes a viable alternative. This solution, however, is negatively affected by network packet loss that, due to TCP inherent retransmissions, severely degrades latency, reducing system responsibility. In this paper, we analyze the effect of TCP‐encapsulated CoAP and propose a mechanism that overcomes these limitations without having to change network topologies or modifying protocol functionality.
Application of Synthesized NaA Nanozeolite as a Novel Supported Electrode for the Formaldehyde Electro‐catalytic Oxidation
Authors: Hassaninejad‐Darzi S. K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNickel hydroxide doped NaA nanozeolite carbon paste electrode (Ni(OH)2‐NaA/CPE) was employed as simple and efficient sensor for electro‐catalytic oxidation and detection of formaldehyde (HCHO). For this goal, organic template free synthesis of NaA nanozeolite under room‐temperature was performed and characterized. Field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM) technique exhibited the presence of spherical NaA nanozeolite morphology with particle size under 100 nm. The BET surface area and average pore diameter of synthesized NaA nanozeolite were obtained to be 3.622 × 102 m2 g−1 and 5.9 nm, respectively. Carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified by NaA nanozeolite and then Ni2+ ions incorporated to this electrode to obtain Ni‐NaA/CPE. The values of electron transfer coefficient and mean value of catalytic rate constant for HCHO and redox sites of Ni(OH)2‐NaA/CPE were caculated to be 0.58 and 8.42 × 106 cm3 mol−1 s−1, respectively. The results indicate that Ni(OH)2‐NaA/CPE displays good electrocatalytic activity with respects to HCHO oxidation owing to its mesoporous structure and the large surface area of NaA nanozeolite. Moreover, amperometric studies exhibited that the fabricated electrode has a detection limits of 2.0 μM allowing the quantitative analysis of HCHO in the concentration range from 6.0 × 10−3 to 2.31 × 10−1mM with high sensitivity (1.6716 × 103 μA mM−1).
Development of a Self‐supporting Microporous Layer on a Metal Mesh for Carbon Backing‐free Cathodes in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Joo D. , Jin S. M. , Jang J. H. , Park S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA self‐supporting microporous layer (MPL) that is directly applicable to a metal mesh is developed, and its pore characteristics and surface morphology are investigated using scanning electron microscopy and mercury porosimetry. The PEMFC performance is evaluated according to the cathode flow field type and GDL configurations via polarization, AC‐impedance spectroscopy, and 4‐point probe measurements for the bulk resistance. The improvement in the polarization when using the MPL on the metal mesh is discussed in terms of the water management and electrical resistance at the cathode.
The Effect of Oxygen Mass Transfer on Aerobic Biocathode Performance, Biofilm Growth and Distribution in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Milner E. M. , Yu E. H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) are a sustainable technology for the direct conversion of biodegradable organics in wastewater into electricity. In most MFCs, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is used as the cathode reduction reaction. Aerobic biocathodes, which use bacteria as biocatalysts to catalyze the cathode ORR, provide self‐sustained, robust and highly active alternatives to chemical catalysts. However, further study of the effect of oxygen mass transfer to the biofilm and cathode materials design is needed. In the current work, two aerobic biocathodes were enriched in half‐cells, and oxygen mass transfer to the biofilm and the biofilm distribution in the porous electrode structure were investigated. It was found that mass transfer of oxygen to the aerobic biocathode was a significant factor affecting cathode ORR, evidenced by a strong correlation between the air flow rate and current. Additionally, it was found that the biofilm penetrates between 20–30% into the porous carbon electrode structure, which is likely due to oxygen mass transfer limitations. The performance of a MFC with biocatalysts at both anode and cathode (64 µW cm−2 peak power at an air flowrate of 1 L min−1) showed strong correlation with air flowrate, confirming the observation in the half‐cell system.
Radiometric dating of late Quaternary loess in the northern piedmont of South Tianshan Mountains: Implications for reliable dating
Authors: Song Yougui , Luo Dan , Du Jinhua , Kang Shugang , Cheng Peng , Fu Chaofeng , Guo Xiaohua 
Published: February 2018

Reliable chronologies are prerequisites when interpreting proxy records in terrestrial archives of Quaternary climate and environmental change. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating (AMS 14C) are commonly used to date late Quaternary loess deposits in the Chinese Loess Plateau, but the range and reliability of the two methods in Central Asia are still debated. In this study, we investigate both fine‐grained quartz OSL and AMS 14C dating of a late Quaternary loess section located at the northern piedmont of the South Tianshan Mountains in Central Asia and discuss the reliability of the two radiometric dating methods. The results show that the OSL and AMS 14C ages are generally consistent with the stratigraphic sequence when the ages are younger than 25 cal ka BP, which means that both can be used to establish a reliable chronology in the Ili Basin. But beyond this age, the OSL dating method seems to be a more reliable approach. The results also supported previous dates based on medium‐grained quartz OSL dating of the Ili loess in the southern piedmont of the North Tianshan Mountains. Radiocarbon ages older than 25 cal ka BP should be treated with caution, and attention must be paid to the influence of pedoturbation on OSL signals in the Central Asian loess. Multiple dating approaches for mutual authentication and exploring new dating materials are suggested in further loess chronological research. These findings will be helpful in establishing a reliable timescale and in reconstructing high‐resolution environmental change in Central Asia.
Frequency‐dependent tACS modulation of BOLD signal during rhythmic visual stimulation
Authors: Chai Yuhui , Sheng Jingwei , Bandettini Peter A. , Gao Jia‐Hong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has emerged as a promising tool for modulating cortical oscillations. In previous electroencephalogram (EEG) studies, tACS has been found to modulate brain oscillatory activity in a frequency‐specific manner. However, the spatial distribution and hemodynamic response for this modulation remains poorly understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the advantage of measuring neuronal activity in regions not only below the tACS electrodes but also across the whole brain with high spatial resolution. Here, we measured fMRI signal while applying tACS to modulate rhythmic visual activity. During fMRI acquisition, tACS at different frequencies (4, 8, 16, and 32 Hz) was applied along with visual flicker stimulation at 8 and 16 Hz. We analyzed the blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal difference between tACS‐ON vs tACS‐OFF, and different frequency combinations (e.g., 4 Hz tACS, 8 Hz flicker vs 8 Hz tACS, 8 Hz flicker). We observed significant tACS modulation effects on BOLD responses when the tACS frequency matched the visual flicker frequency or the second harmonic frequency. The main effects were predominantly seen in regions that were activated by the visual task and targeted by the tACS current distribution. These findings bridge different scientific domains of tACS research and demonstrate that fMRI could localize the tACS effect on stimulus‐induced brain rhythms, which could lead to a new approach for understanding the high‐level cognitive process shaped by the ongoing oscillatory signal.
Validation of nomograms for overall survival, cancer‐specific survival, and recurrence in carcinoma of the major salivary glands
Authors: Hay Ashley , Migliacci Jocelyn , Zanoni Daniella Karassawa , Patel Snehal , Yu Changhong , Kattan Michael W. , Ganly Ian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center salivary carcinoma nomograms predicting overall survival, cancer‐specific survival, and recurrence with an external validation dataset.MethodsThe validation dataset comprised 123 patients treated between 2010 and 2015 at our institution. They were evaluated by assessing discrimination (concordance index [C‐index]) and calibration (plotting predicted vs actual probabilities for quintiles).ResultsThe validation cohort (n = 123) showed some differences to the original cohort (n = 301). The validation cohort had less high‐grade cancers (P = .006), less lymphovascular invasion (LVI; P < .001) and shorter follow‐up of 19 months versus 45.6 months. Validation showed a C‐index of 0.833 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.758‐0.908), 0.807 (95% CI 0.717‐0.898), and 0.844 (95% CI 0.768‐0.920) for overall survival, cancer‐specific survival, and recurrence, respectively.ConclusionThe 3 salivary gland nomograms performed well using a contemporary validation dataset, despite limitations related to sample size, follow‐up, and differences in clinical and pathology characteristics between the original and validation cohorts.
Postoperative day 1 levels of parathyroid as predictor of occurrence and severity of hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy
Authors: Karatzanis Alexander D. , Ierodiakonou Despo P. , Fountakis Emmanuel S. , Velegrakis Stylianos G. , Doulaptsi Maria V. , Prokopakis Emmanuel P. , Daraki Vasiliki N. , Velegrakis George A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundHypocalcaemia is a common and serious complication after thyroidectomy. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of first postoperative day parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurement in order to predict the presence and severity of postthyroidectomy hypocalcaemia.MethodsOne hundred consecutive cases undergoing total thyroidectomy in a tertiary referral center were prospectively assessed. Preoperative measurements of PTH were compared with postoperative levels in the first morning after surgery. All cases of hypocalcaemia were recorded and evaluated with regard to preoperative and postoperative levels of PTH.ResultsA decrease of 56% of PTH levels on the first postoperative day could accurately predict postoperative hypocalcaemia with a sensitivity and specificity of 80%.ConclusionSerum PTH levels on the first postoperative day may be used as a reliable predictive marker for calcium supplementation need and even prolonged hospitalization in cases undergoing total thyroidectomy.
Tracheal advancement with myomucosal island flap for partial laryngopharyngectomy defect reconstruction
Authors: Joseph Shawn T. , Naveen B. S. , Mohan T. Mihir , Tharayil T. Jose 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundRestoring the anatomy and function of a partial laryngopharyngectomy with hemicricoid defect is an extremely challenging area in head and neck cancer surgery. Procedures such as tracheal autotransplantation described for these defects are complex and attempted in very few centers. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to share our technique of reconstructing such defects with tracheal advancement with myomucosal island flap for laryngopharyngeal defect (TAMMIL), which allows functional reconstruction of the larynx.MethodA 49‐year‐old man with carcinoma of the right pyriform sinus, postneoadjuvant chemotherapy with progressive disease underwent vertical partial laryngopharyngectomy. The resultant defect was reconstructed with tracheal advancement and islanded facial artery myomucosal (FAMM) flap.ResultThe patient is 1‐year postsurgery, free of disease, decannulated, and taking oral feeds. Video fluoroscopy showed no evidence of aspiration.ConclusionThis technique is single‐staged, easier compared to existing techniques, aids “like‐for‐like” reconstruction, and allows surgical organ preservation in selected laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers.
Determination of groundwater discharge rates and water residence time of groundwater‐fed lakes by stable isotopes of water (18O, 2H) and radon (222Rn) mass balances
Authors: Petermann Eric , Gibson John J. , Knöller Kay , Pannier Thomas , Weiß Holger , Schubert Michael 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) and the related water residence time are crucial parameters for quantifying lake matter budgets and assessing its vulnerability to contaminant input. Our approach utilizes the stable isotopes of water (δ18O, δ2H) and the radioisotope radon (222Rn) for determining long‐term average and short‐term snapshots in LGD. We conducted isotope balances for the 0.5‐km2 Lake Ammelshainer See (Germany) based on measurements of lake isotope inventories and groundwater composition accompanied by good quality and comprehensive long‐term meteorological and isotopic data (precipitation) from nearby monitoring stations. The results from the steady‐state annual isotope balances that rely on only two sampling campaigns are consistent for both δ18O and δ2H and suggested an overall long‐term average LGD rate that was used to infer the water residence time of the lake. These findings were supported by the good agreement of the simulated LGD‐driven annual cycles of δ18O and δ2H lake inventories with the observed lake isotope inventories. However, radon mass balances revealed lower values that might be the result of seasonal LGD variability. For obtaining further insights into possible seasonal variability of groundwater–lake interaction, stable water isotope and radon mass balances could be conducted more frequently (e.g., monthly) in order to use the derived groundwater discharge rates as input for time‐variant isotope balances.
Information, support, and follow‐up offered to women who experienced severe maternal morbidity
Authors: Furniss Mary , Conroy Molly , Filoche Sara , MacDonald E. Jane , Geller Stacie E. , Lawton Beverley 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine what information, support, and follow‐up were offered to women who had experienced severe maternal morbidity (SMM).MethodsThe present retrospective case review included patients who experienced SMM (admission to intensive care during pregnancy or up to 42 days postpartum) who had previously been reviewed for potential preventability as part of a nationwide New Zealand study performed between January 1 and December 31, 2014. Data were audited to ascertain documented evidence of an event debrief or explanation; referral to social support and/or mental health services; a detailed discharge letter; and a follow‐up appointment with a specialist.ResultsOf 257 patients who experienced SMM, 23 (8.9%) were offered all four components of care, 99 (38.5%) an event debrief, 102 (39.7%) a referral to social support and/or mental health services, 148 (57.6%) a detailed discharge letter, and 131 (51.0%) a follow‐up appointment.ConclusionsMany women who had experienced SMM did not receive explanatory information about their illness, an offer of psychosocial support, or a follow‐up appointment prior to discharge from hospital. It is incumbent on clinicians and the maternity care system to improve these aspects of care for all women experiencing a potentially life‐changing SMM event to minimize the risk and burden of long‐term mental illness.
Activation of PPARδ attenuates neurotoxicity by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide‐triggered glutamate release in BV‐2 microglial cells
Authors: Lee Won Jin , Ham Sun Ah , Yoo Hyunjin , Hwang Jung Seok , Yoo Taesik , Paek Kyung Shin , Lim Dae‐Seog , Han Sung Gu , Lee Chi‐Ho , Hong Kwonho , Seo Han Geuk 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNeuroinflammation‐associated release of glutamate from activated microglia has been implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying this glutamate release are poorly understood. Here, we show that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor delta (PPARδ) modulates neurotoxicity by inhibiting glutamate release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated BV‐2 microglial cells. Activation of PPARδ by GW501516, a specific PPARδ agonist, inhibited glutamate release in BV‐2 cells. This effect of GW501516 was significantly blocked by shRNA‐mediated knockdown of PPARδ and by treatment with GSK0660, a specific PPARδ antagonist, indicating that PPARδ is associated with blockade of glutamate release. Additionally, GW501516‐activated PPARδ suppressed generation of reactive oxygen species and expression of gp91phox, a functional subunit of NADPH oxidase 2, in BV‐2 cells stimulated with LPS. The inhibitory effect of GW501516 on gp91phox expression and glutamate release was further potentiated in the presence of AG490, a specific inhibitor of janus kinase 2 (JAK2), leading to the inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). By contrast, GW501516 upregulated the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), an endogenous inhibitor of JAK2. Furthermore, neurotoxicity induced by conditioned media from LPS‐stimulated BV‐2 cells was significantly reduced when conditioned media from BV‐2 cells treated with both LPS and GW501516 were used. These results indicate that PPARδ attenuates LPS‐triggered neuroinflammation by enhancing SOCS1‐mediated inhibition of JAK2/STAT1 signaling, thereby inhibiting neurotoxicity associated with glutamate release.
RBM3 expression is upregulated by NF‐κB p65 activity, protecting cells from apoptosis, during mild hypothermia
Authors: Ushio Ayako , Eto Ko 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe RNA‐binding protein RBM3, a cold shock protein whose expression is elevated under hypothermic conditions, plays an important role in cell survival; however, little is known about the mechanism underlying the mild hypothermia‐mediated regulation of RBM3 expression and apoptosis. Here we show that the transcription factor NF‐κB p65 is phosphorylated at Ser276 and activates RBM3 gene transcription via binding to a particular element within the promoter region in response to induced hypothermia, elevating the protein expression, and suppressing apoptosis. Treatment with caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a potent and specific inhibitor that suppresses the translocation of NF‐κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, resulted in decreased levels of RBM3 mRNA and protein and increased incidence of apoptosis despite cells were cultured under hypothermic conditions. Overexpression of RBM3 abolished the induction of apoptosis in cells treated with CAPE, indicating that NF‐κB p65‐upregulated RBM3 expression is necessary for the suppression of apoptosis. In addition, experiments with cells overexpressing RBM3 supported the finding demonstrating that the mild hypothermia‐mediated higher expression of RBM3 suppressed the induction of apoptosis. Conversely, experiments with cells deficient in RBM3 supported the finding demonstrating that the CAPE‐mediated loss of RBM3 induced apoptosis. These results suggest that NF‐κB p65 is a critical mediator of mild hypothermia, to which cells are exposed as an extracellular environment, and a central inducer of RBM3 expression, which is responsible for preventing cells from apoptosis. Moreover, CAPE may have a potential for the application to a therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancers.