bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and spatial variations of 17Oexcess and dexcess in Antarctic precipitation: Insights from an intermediate complexity isotope model
Authors: Schoenemann Spruce W. , Steig Eric J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn intermediate complexity model (ICM) is used to investigate the sensitivity of water isotope ratios in precipitation, including 17Oexcess, to climate variations in the Southern Hemisphere. The ICM is forced with boundary conditions from seasonal National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy II reanalysis data. Perturbations to the surface temperature and humidity fields are used to investigate the isotopic sensitivity. The response of 17Oexcess to a uniform temperature change is insignificant over the ocean, while there is a large magnitude response over the ice sheet, particularly in East Antarctica. A decrease of ocean surface relative humidity produces increased 17Oexcess and dexcess, with a coherent response over both the ocean and Antarctica. For interior East Antarctica, the model simulates a seasonal cycle in 17Oexcess that is positively correlated with δ18O and of large magnitude (~50 per meg), consistent with the observations from Vostok. The seasonal cycle in 17Oexcess for interior West Antarctica is predicted to be considerably smaller in magnitude (12 per meg), and is negatively correlated with δ18O, consistent with new data from a firn core near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide site. Over the ocean, the ICM predicts much smaller seasonal cycles in 17Oexcess. Oceanic source changes (i.e., humidity) are insufficient to explain the amplitude of the simulated seasonal cycle over the Antarctic continent. Spatial differences in the seasonal response of 17Oexcess to local temperature reflect the balance of equilibrium and kinetic fractionation during snow formation.
Correlation and causation in tree‐ring‐based reconstruction of paleohydrology in cold semiarid regions
Authors: Elshorbagy Amin , Wagener Thorsten , Razavi Saman , Sauchyn David 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper discusses ways in which the tree‐ring‐based reconstruction of paleohydrology can be better understood and better utilized to support water resource management, especially in cold semiarid regions. The relationships between tree growth as represented by tree ring chronologies (TRCs), runoff (Q), precipitation (P), and evapotranspiration (ET) are discussed and analyzed within both statistical and hydrological contexts. Data from the Oldman River Basin (OMRB), Alberta, Canada, are used to demonstrate the relevant issues. Instrumental records of Q and P data were available while actual ET was estimated using a lumped conceptual hydrological model developed in this study. Correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationships between TRCs and each of Q, P, and ET over the entire historical record (globally) as well as locally in time within the wet and dry subperiods. Global and local correlation strengths and linear relationships appear to be substantially different. This outcome particularly affects tree‐ring‐based inferences about the hydrology of wet and dry episodes when reconstructions are made using regression models. Important findings include (i) reconstruction of paleo‐runoff may not be as credible as paleo‐precipitation and paleo‐evapotranspiration; (ii) a moving average window of P and ET larger than 1 year might be necessary for reconstruction of these variables; and (iii) the long‐term mean of reconstructed P, Q, and ET leads us to conclude that there is uncertainty about the past climate. Finally, we suggest using the topographic index to prejudge side suitability for dendrohydrological analysis.
Multiple Nonspecific Sites of Joint Pain Outside the Knees Develop in Persons With Knee Pain
Authors: Felson David T. , Niu Jingbo , Quinn Emily K. , Neogi Tuhina , Lewis Cara , Lewis Cora E. , Frey Law Laura , McCulloch Chuck , Nevitt Michael , LaValley Michael 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveMany persons with knee pain have joint pain outside the knee, but despite the impact and high frequency of this pain, its distribution and causes have not been studied. We undertook this study to test the hypothesis of those studying gait abnormalities who have suggested that knee pain causes pain in adjacent joints but that pain adaptation strategies are highly individualized.MethodsWe studied persons ages 50–79 years with or at high risk of knee osteoarthritis who were recruited from 2 community‐based cohorts, the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study and the Osteoarthritis Initiative, and we followed them up for 5–7 years. We excluded those with knee pain at baseline and compared those who had developed knee pain at the first follow‐up examination (the index visit) with those who had not. We examined pain on most days at joint regions outside the knee in examinations after the index visit. Logistic regression analyses examined the risk of joint‐specific pain adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and symptoms of depression, and we performed sensitivity analyses excluding those with widespread pain.ResultsIn the combined cohorts, 693 persons had knee pain at the index visit and 2,793 did not. A total of 79.6% of those with bilateral knee pain and 63.8% of those with unilateral knee pain had pain during follow‐up in a joint region outside the knee, compared with 49.9% of those without knee pain. There was an increased risk of pain at most extremity joint sites, without a predilection for specific sites. Results were unchanged when those with widespread pain were excluded.ConclusionPersons with chronic knee pain are at increased risk of pain in multiple joints in no specific pattern.
Modelling Corporate Stakeholder Orientation: Does the Relationship Between Stakeholder Background Characteristics and Corporate Social Performance Matter?
Authors: Erdiaw‐Kwasie Michael O. , Alam Khorshed , Kabir Enamul 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThough corporate stakeholder orientation is connected with corporate social performance practices, there is a dearth of knowledge on the theorized assertion that background characteristics influence stakeholders’ salience and attitude towards social performance practices of firms. The aim of this paper is to measure and examine this hypothesis. To test this claim, this research uses the Surat Resource Region in Queensland, Australia, as the case study. Based on the bivariate test, age, gender, occupation type and educational status have varying statistically significant effects on stakeholders’ attitude towards corporate social practices. The multinomial logistic findings showed that only education retained a net effect on a stakeholder's attitude to participation in corporate social practices, where those with a higher level of education are 1.388 times more likely to perceive stakeholder engagement practices as relevant, 2.864 times more likely for social impact assessment practices and 1.430 times more likely for practices aimed at rights of indigenous communities. Findings imply the need for awareness programs to be incorporated into corporate social practices, which can help promote the success of stakeholder‐oriented policies. The paper further makes suggestions that have both business strategy and policy planning implications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
A Survey of Transparency: An Intrinsic Aspect of Business Strategy
Authors: Baraibar‐Diez Elisa , Odriozola María D. , Fernández Sánchez José Luis 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWell‐managed organizations must handle transparency strategically, but although research about transparency constitutes a great concern in businesses, management, society, and ethics, definitions are very diverse depending on the environment. The concept of transparency is revisited in this contribution, aiming to map the territory of transparency by surveying the terms and definitions in literature. The overview of these terms identifies two approaches of analysis: according to the content and according to the context. According to the context, two perspectives have been found: collective perspective and individual perspective. According to the content of the definition, two perspectives have been found: instrumental perspective and purposeful perspective. This survey helps to determine that transparency is an intrinsic aspect of business strategy since it is interweaved with all organizational components and systems of the strategic management process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Synthesis Strategies for Ultrastable Zeolite GIS Polymorphs as Sorbents for Selective Separations
Authors: Oleksiak Matthew D. , Ghorbanpour Arian , Conato Marlon T. , McGrail B. Peter , Grabow Lars C. , Motkuri Radha Kishan , Rimer Jeffrey D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDesigning zeolites with tunable physicochemical properties can substantially impact their performance in commercial applications, such as adsorption, separations, catalysis, and drug delivery. Zeolite synthesis typically requires an organic structure‐directing agent to produce crystals with specific pore topology. Attempts to remove organics from syntheses to achieve commercially viable methods of preparing zeolites often lead to the formation of impurities. Herein, we present organic‐free syntheses of two polymorphs of the small‐pore zeolite P (GIS), P1 and P2. Using a combination of adsorption measurements and density functional theory calculations, we show that GIS polymorphs are selective adsorbents for H2O relative to other light gases (e.g., H2, N2, CO2). Our findings refute prior theoretical studies postulating that GIS‐type zeolites are excellent materials for CO2 separation/sequestration. We also show that P2 is significantly more thermally stable than P1, which broadens the operating conditions for GIS‐type zeolites in commercial applications and opens new avenues for exploring their potential use in processes such as catalysis.
Peripheral Neuropathy in Mouse Models of Diabetes
Authors: Jolivalt Corinne G. , Frizzi Katie E. , Guernsey Lucie , Marquez Alex , Ochoa Joseline , Rodriguez Maria , Calcutt Nigel A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPeripheral neuropathy is a frequent complication of chronic diabetes that most commonly presents as a distal degenerative polyneuropathy with sensory loss. Around 20% to 30% of such patients may also experience neuropathic pain. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are uncertain, and therapeutic options are limited. Rodent models of diabetes have been used for more than 40 years to study neuropathy and evaluate potential therapies. For much of this period, streptozotocin‐diabetic rats were the model of choice. The emergence of new technologies that allow relatively cheap and routine manipulations of the mouse genome has prompted increased use of mouse models of diabetes to study neuropathy. In this article, we describe the commonly used mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and provide protocols to phenotype the structural, functional, and behavioral indices of peripheral neuropathy, with a particular emphasis on assays pertinent to the human condition. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Metabolic Profiling and Quantification of Neurotransmitters in Mouse Brain by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Jäger Christian , Hiller Karsten , Buttini Manuel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMetabolites are key mediators of cellular functions, and have emerged as important modulators in a variety of diseases. Recent developments in translational biomedicine have highlighted the importance of not looking at just one disease marker or disease inducing molecule, but at populations thereof to gain a global understanding of cellular function in health and disease. The goal of metabolomics is the systematic identification and quantification of metabolite populations. One of the most pressing issues of our times is the understanding of normal and diseased nervous tissue functions. To ensure high quality data, proper sample processing is crucial. Here, we present a method for the extraction of metabolites from brain tissue, their subsequent preparation for non‐targeted gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) measurement, as well as giving some guidelines for processing of raw data. In addition, we present a sensitive screening method for neurotransmitters based on GC‐MS in selected ion monitoring mode. The precise multi‐analyte detection and quantification of amino acid and monoamine neurotransmitters can be used for further studies such as metabolic modeling. Our protocol can be applied to shed light on nervous tissue function in health, as well as neurodegenerative disease mechanisms and the effect of experimental therapeutics at the metabolic level. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Automated nanoscale flow cytometry for assessing protein–protein interactions
Authors: von Kolontaj Kerstin , Horvath Gabor L. , Latz Eicke , Büscher Martin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDespite their importance for signalling events, protein–protein interactions cannot easily be analyzed on a single cell level. We developed a robust automated FRET measurement system implemented on a commercial flow cytometer allowing for rapid profiling of molecular associations in living cells. We used this method to measure the most proximal signaling events on human T lymphocyte activation, which preceded calcium influx, and could automatically detect T cell receptor/CD3 complex clustering defects in immunocompromised patients. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A geometrical model for testing bilateral symmetry of bamboo leaf with a simplified Gielis equation
Authors: Lin Shuyan , Zhang Li , Reddy Gadi V. P. , Hui Cang , Gielis Johan , Ding Yulong , Shi Peijian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe size and shape of plant leaves change with growth, and an accurate description of leaf shape is crucial for describing plant morphogenesis and development. Bilateral symmetry, which has been widely observed but poorly examined, occurs in both dicot and monocot leaves, including all nominated bamboo species (approximately 1,300 species), of which at least 500 are found in China. Although there are apparent differences in leaf size among bamboo species due to genetic and environmental profiles, bamboo leaves have bilateral symmetry with parallel venation and appear similar across species. Here, we investigate whether the shape of bamboo leaves can be accurately described by a simplified Gielis equation, which consists of only two parameters (leaf length and shape) and produces a perfect bilateral shape. To test the applicability of this equation and the occurrence of bilateral symmetry, we first measured the leaf length of 42 bamboo species, examining >500 leaves per species. We then scanned 30 leaves per species that had approximately the same length as the median leaf length for that species. The leaf‐shape data from scanned profiles were fitted to the simplified Gielis equation. Results confirmed that the equation fits the leaf‐shape data extremely well, with the coefficients of determination being 0.995 on average. We further demonstrated the bilateral symmetry of bamboo leaves, with a clearly defined leaf‐shape parameter of all 42 bamboo species investigated ranging from 0.02 to 0.1. This results in a simple and reliable tool for precise determination of bamboo species, with applications in forestry, ecology, and taxonomy.
Spatial heterogeneity distribution of soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the Yaoxiang watershed in a hilly area of northern China based on geographic information system and geostatistics
Authors: Liu Yu , Gao Peng , Zhang Liyong , Niu Xiang , Wang Bing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSoil total nitrogen (STN) and total phosphorus (STP) are important indicators of soil nutrients and the important indexes of soil fertility and soil quality evaluation. Using geographic information system (GIS) and geostatistics, the spatial heterogeneity distribution of STN and STP in the Yaoxiang watershed in a hilly area of northern China was studied. The results showed that: (1) The STN and STP contents showed a declining trend with the increase in soil depth; the variation coefficients (Cv) of STN and STP in the 0‐ to 10‐cm soil layer (42.25% and 14.77%, respectively) were higher than in the 10‐ to 30‐cm soil layer (28.77% and 11.60%, respectively). Moreover, the Cv of STN was higher than that of STP. (2) The maximum C0/(C0 + C1) of STN and STP in the soil layers was less than 25%, this indicated that a strong spatial distribution autocorrelation existed for STN and STP; and the STP showed higher intensity and more stable variation than the STN. (3) From the correlation analysis, we concluded that the topographic indexes such as elevation and slope direction all influenced the spatial distribution of STN and STP (correlation coefficients were 0.688 and 0.518, respectively). (4) The overall distribution of STN and STP in the Yaoxiang watershed decreased from the northwest to the southeast. This variation trend was similar to the watershed DEM trend and was significantly influenced by vegetation and topographic factors. These results revealed the spatial heterogeneity distribution of STN and STP, and addressed the influences of forest vegetation coverage, elevation, and other topographic factors on the spatial distribution of STN and STP at the watershed scale.
Lysosomal Ca2+ Signaling is Essential for Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Remodeling
Authors: Erkhembaatar Munkhsoyol , Gu Dong Ryun , Lee Seoung Hoon , Yang Yu-Mi , Park Soonhong , Muallem Shmuel , Shin Dong Min , Kim Min Seuk 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Lysosomal Ca2+ emerges as a critical component of receptor-evoked Ca2+ signaling and plays a crucial role in many lysosomal and physiological functions. Lysosomal Ca2+ release is mediated by the transient receptor potential (TRP) family member TRPML1, mutations that cause the lysosomal storage disease mucolipidosis type 4. Lysosomes play a key role in osteoclast function. However, nothing is known about the role of lysosomal Ca2+ signaling in osteoclastogenesis and bone metabolism. In this study, we addressed this knowledge gap by studying the role of lysosomal Ca2+ signaling in osteoclastogenesis, osteoclast and osteoblast functions, and bone homeostasis in vivo. We manipulated lysosomal Ca2+ signaling by acute knockdown of TRPML1, deletion of TRPML1 in mice, pharmacological inhibition of lysosomal Ca2+ influx, and depletion of lysosomal Ca2+ storage using the TRPML agonist ML-SA1. We found that knockdown and deletion of TRPML1, although it did not have an apparent effect on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, markedly attenuated osteoclast function, RANKL-induced cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations, inhibited activation of NFATc1 and osteoclastogenesis-controlling genes, suppressed the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells (MNCs), and markedly reduced the differentiation of bone marrow–derived macrophages into osteoclasts. Moreover, deletion of TRPML1 resulted in enlarged lysosomes, inhibition of lysosomal secretion, and attenuated the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts. Notably, depletion of lysosomal Ca2+ with ML-SA1 similarly abrogated RANKL-induced Ca2+ oscillations and MNC formation. Deletion of TRPML1 in mice reduced the TRAP-positive bone surfaces and impaired bone remodeling, resulting in prominent osteopetrosis. These findings demonstrate the essential role of lysosomal Ca2+ signaling in osteoclast differentiation and mature osteoclast function, which play key roles in bone homeostasis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sulforaphane prevents quinolinic acid‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat striatum
Authors: Luis‐García Erika Rubí , Limón‐Pacheco Jorge Humberto , Serrano‐García Norma , Hernández‐Pérez Alma Delia , Pedraza‐Chaverri José , Orozco‐Ibarra Marisol 
Published: September 2016

AbstractQuinolinic acid (QA) triggers striatal neuronal death by an excitotoxic cascade that involves oxidative stress, which in turns is tightly linked to mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a molecular feature described in several brain pathologies. In this work, we determined whether the sulforaphane‐neuroprotective effect in the rodent experimental model of Huntington's disease induced by QA is associated with mitochondrial function preservation. We found that QA impaired mitochondrial function within 24 h post‐lesion. Sulforaphane effectively disrupted the mitochondrial dysfunction by preventing the decrease in respiratory control ratio, transmembrane potential, ability to synthetize ATP, and the activity of mitochondrial complexes I, II, and IV.
In Vivo Characterization of I91T Sod2 Polymorphism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: de Carvalho Mariana Dias Castela , De Mesquita Joelma Freire , Eleutherio Elis Cristina Araujo 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme Mn‐Superoxide Dismutase (Sod2) is essential for mammalian survival. I82T mutation in human Sod2 has been linked to a wide variety of diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases as well as some types of cancers. Yeast wild‐type (WT) Sod2 and the mutant Sod2 I91T, which corresponds to the human mutant Sod2 I82T, were cloned in sod2Δ strain. Residue I82 is conserved among a variety of species, showing that it has a biological importance. To assess the functionality of Sod2 I91T under oxidative stress, yeast cells were shifted from glucose (fermentative metabolism) to glycerol growth medium (respiratory metabolism). Overexpression of both Sod2 WT and Sod2 I91T increased Sod activity, but in long‐term, the mutation brought impairment to Sod function. Aconitase, a sensor of superoxide radical production in vivo, had its activity preserved by overexpressions of both Sod2, in lesser extent in sod2ΔSod2I91T. In respiratory metabolism, sod2ΔSod2WT and sod2ΔSod2I91T showed high viability; although, sod2ΔSod2I91T showed high percentage of cells with mitochondrial function compromised. Moreover, the fitness analysis of mixed cultures showed that sod2ΔSod2I91T was less robust than WT cells. Although overexpression of Sod2 containing I91T mutation allows higher cell viability, longevity of cells is hampered, showing that in long‐term this mutation is not neutral. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1078–1086, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tooth development and histology patterns in lamniform sharks (Elasmobranchii, Lamniformes) revisited
Authors: Schnetz Lisa , Pfaff Cathrin , Kriwet Jürgen 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe dentition of lamniforme sharks exhibits several characters that have been used extensively to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of extant taxa, yet some uncertainties remain. Also, the development of different teeth of a tooth file within the jaws of most extant lamniforms has not been documented to date. High‐resolution micro‐computed tomography is used here to re‐evaluate the importance of two dental characters within the order Lamniformes, which were considered not to be phylogenetically informative, the histotype and the number of teeth per tooth file. Additionally, the development and mineralization patterns of the teeth of the two osteodont lamniforms Lamna nasus and Alopias superciliosus were compared. We discuss the importance of these dental characters for phylogenetic interpretations to assess the quality of these characters in resolving lamniform relationships. The dental characters suggest that (1) Lamniformes are the only modern‐level sharks exhibiting the osteodont histotype, (2) the osteodont histotype in lamniform sharks is a derived state in modern‐level sharks (Elasmobranchii), (3) the osteodont type, conversely is convergently achieved when the clade Chondrichthyes is considered and thus might comprise a functional rather than a phylogenetic signal, and (4) there is an increase in the number of teeth per file throughout lamniform phylogeny. Structural development of the teeth of L. nasus and A. superciliosus is congruent with a previous investigation of the lamniform shark Carcharodon carcharias. J. Morphol. 277:1584–1598, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.