bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytologic separation of branchial cleft cyst from metastatic cystic squamous cell carcinoma: A multivariate analysis of nineteen cytomorphologic features
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Esebua Magda , Schmidt Robert L. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe separation of branchial cleft cysts from metastatic cystic squamous cell carcinomas in adults can be clinically and cytologically challenging. Diagnostic accuracy for separation is reported to be as low as 75% prompting some authors to recommend frozen section evaluation of suspected branchial cleft cysts before resection. We evaluated 19 cytologic features to determine which were useful in this distinction.MethodsThirty‐three cases (21 squamous carcinoma and 12 branchial cysts) of histologically confirmed cystic lesions of the lateral neck were graded for the presence or absence of 19 cytologic features by two cytopathologists. The cytologic features were analyzed for agreement between observers and underwent multivariate analysis for correlation with the diagnosis of carcinoma.ResultsInterobserver agreement was greatest for increased nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio, pyknotic nuclei, and irregular nuclear membranes. Recursive partitioning analysis showed increased N/C ratio, small clusters of cells, and irregular nuclear membranes were the best discriminators.ConclusionThe distinction of branchial cleft cysts from cystic squamous cell carcinoma is cytologically difficult. Both digital image analysis and p16 testing have been suggested as aids in this separation, but analysis of cytologic features remains the main method for diagnosis. In an analysis of 19 cytologic features, we found that high nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, irregular nuclear membranes, and small cell clusters were most helpful in their distinction. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:561–567. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developmental aspects of the direct‐developing frog Adelophryne maranguapensis
Authors: de Lima Ana V.P. , Reis Alice H. , Amado Nathália G. , Cassiano‐Lima Daniel , Borges‐Nojosa Diva M. , Oriá Reinaldo B. , Abreu José G. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryDirect development in amphibians is characterized by the loss of aquatic breeding. The anuran Adelophryne maranguapensis is one example of a species with direct development, and it is endemic to the state of Ceará, Brazil. Detailed morphological features of A. maranguapensis embryos and the stages of sequential development have not been described before. Here, we analyzed all available genetic sequence tags in A. maranguapensis (tyr exon 1, pomc and rag1) and compared them with sequences from other species of Adelophryne frogs. We describe the A. maranguapensis reproductive tract and embryonic body development, with a focus on the limbs, tail, ciliated cells of the skin, and the egg tooth, which were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Histological analyses revealed ovaries containing oocytes surrounded by follicular cells, displaying large nuclei with nucleoli inside. Early in development, the body is unpigmented, and the neural tube forms dorsally to the yolk vesicle, typical of a direct‐developing frog embryo. The hindlimbs develop earlier than the forelimbs. Ciliated cells are abundant during the early stages of skin development and are less common during later stages. The egg tooth appears in the later stages and develops as a keratinized microridge structure. The developmental profile of A. maranguapensis presented here will contribute to our understanding of the direct‐development model and may help preserve this endangered native Brazilian frog. genesis 54:257–271, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rh2(esp)2: An Efficient Catalyst for O–H Insertion Reactions of Carboxylic Acids into Acceptor/Acceptor Diazo Compounds
Authors: Hunter Arianne C. , Chinthapally Kiran , Sharma Indrajeet 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRh2(esp)2 has been identified as a highly efficient catalyst for O–H insertion of carboxylic acids into acceptor/acceptor diazo compounds. The insertion reaction proceeds in CH2Cl2 within minutes at room temperature in excellent yields and accommodates carboxylic acids having varying functionalities including amino acids, free alcoholic and phenolic O–H, indole N–H, alkenes, alkynes, and substituted aromatics. In addition, the reaction tolerates a broad range of stable diazo compounds carrying diverse functional groups.
Wind tunnel investigation of horizontal and vertical sand fluxes of ascending and descending sand particles in aeolian sand transport
Authors: Kang Liqiang , Zou Xueyong , Zhao Guodan , Zhang Chunlai , Cheng Hong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe horizontal and vertical sand mass fluxes in aeolian sand transport are investigated in a wind tunnel by PTV (particle tracking velocimetry). According to the particle velocity and volume fraction of each individual particle from PTV images, the total horizontal sand mass flux, the horizontal mass fluxes of ascending and descending sand particles, and upward and downward vertical sand fluxes are analyzed. The results show that the horizontal mass fluxes of ascending and descending sand particles generally decrease with the increase of height and can be described by an exponential function above about 0.03 m height. At the same friction velocity, the decay heights of the total horizontal sand mass flux and the horizontal mass fluxes of ascending and descending sand particles are very similar. The proportion of horizontal mass flux of ascending sand particles is generally about 0.3–0.42, this means the horizontal mass flux of descending sand particles makes an important contribution to the total horizontal sand mass flux. Both the upward and downward vertical sand mass fluxes generally decrease with height and they are approximately equal at the same height and friction velocity. The relation between upward (or downward) vertical sand mass flux and horizontal sand mass flux can be described by a power function. The present study is used to help understand the transport of ascending and descending sand particles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine toxic gases in fires with lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Andersson Petra , Blomqvist Per , Lorén Anders , Larsson Fredrik 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBatteries, in particular lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries, are seen as an alternative to fossil fuels in the automotive sector. Li‐ion batteries, however, have some safety issues including possible emissions of toxic fluorine‐containing compounds during fire and other abuse situations. This paper demonstrates the possibilities to use the Fourier transform infrared technique to assess some of the most important compounds, including hydrogen fluoride and the far less often measured POF3 and PF5. The study is conducted in the cone calorimeter with different solvents used in Li‐ion batteries. The measurements show that, in addition to hydrogen fluoride, with a known high toxicity, POF3 is emitted and can be quantified using Fourier transform infrared. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Careful selection of steaming and attrition conditions during thermo‐mechanical pretreatment can increase enzymatic conversion of softwood
Authors: Lloyd John A , Murton Karl D , Newman Roger H , Suckling Ian D , Vaidya Alankar A 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundAn efficient pretreatment for softwoods prior to enzyme hydrolysis is pressurised steaming of the chips with successive attrition by disc refining and ball milling following removal of some hemicelluloses in a compression screw. For the process to be economical, thermal and mechanical energy inputs need to minimised and sugar yield maximised, so the aim of this study was to improve understanding of the behaviour of fibres during each stage of the pretreatment.ResultsRadiata pine wood chips were treated with steam at 173°C for between 3 and 144 min. The responses to refining and ball milling in terms of particle size reduction and sugar yield improved gradually as steaming time was increased to 36 min, but then an abrupt change in behaviour occurred resulting in more small particles during refining and much faster response to ball milling. This point coincides with an increase in cellulose degradation and fibre embrittlement. However, this higher steaming severity did not necessarily give highest sugar yields during saccharification as it limits the amount of energy that can be usefully applied during ball milling.ConclusionsThe results from this study can be utilised for optimisation of the pretreatment of softwoods like radiata pine. While effective in delivering high sugar yields, the steaming/refining/ball milling pretreatment is quite energy intensive but the results of this study show that significant savings in overall energy are possible by optimising relative energy inputs to the steaming and ball milling stages. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Transitional Justice, Gender Programming, and the UNSCR 1325: African Context and the Case of Kenya
Authors: Hellsten Sirkku K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe article examines the implementation of UNSCR 1325 ‘Women, Peace, and Security’ within the framework of post‐colonial feminism. The author argues that in current international development co‐operation, there is a need for deeper understanding of the complex, context‐relevant social and political power structures and processes that prevent gender programming from enhancing gender justice. As an empirical case study the article discusses the challenges that the implementation of the UNSCR 1325 has been facing in Kenya. © 2016 UNU‐WIDER. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From the podium to the boardroom: Encouraging gender parity in scholarly publishing
Authors: Kane Lauren , Meadows Alice 
Published: March 2016

Key points

Despite their nearly three-fifths industry majority, women trail men in key leadership positions, occupying about one-third of CEO positions, and one-fifth of Board chairs.
Speaking at industry conferences is key to professional development and to consideration for senior leadership positions.
An analysis of seven major scholarly publishing conferences held in 2015 showed an average gender split of 63% male to 37% female speakers, with nearly two-thirds of all keynote addresses given by men.
To correct for this disparity, the authors propose three distinct challenges, to include a potential accreditation for conferences that prioritise diversity.
Integrated all‐optical switch with 10 ps time resolution enabled by ALD
Authors: Moille Gregory , Combrié Sylvain , Morgenroth Laurence , Lehoucq Gaëlle , Neuilly François , Hu Bowen , Decoster Didier , de Rossi Alfredo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract The potential of GaAs‐based photonic crystals for fast all‐optical switching in the telecom spectral range is exploited by controlling the surface recombination and, thereby, the carrier relaxation dynamics. The structure is entirely coated with a layer of aluminium oxide using atomic layer deposition. This results in a carrier lifetime of about 10 ps, as determined by spectrally resolved pump–probe measurements. We show that the nonlinear response of the resonator is optimized when it is excited with a few‐picoseconds pulse. This dynamics is perfectly captured by our model accounting for the carrier diffusion with an impulse response function. Moreover, the suppression of photo‐induced oxidation is revealed to be crucial to demonstrate all‐optical operation at GHz rates with average coupled pump power of 0.5 mW (hence 100 fJ/bit). The switching window is 12 ps wide (1/e), as resolved by homodyne pump–probe measurements. The devices respond to a sequence of closely spaced pump pulses demonstrating a gating window close to 10 ps, with a contrast as high as 7 dB.
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Clinical monitoring of smooth surface enamel lesions using CP‐OCT during nonsurgical intervention
Authors: Chan Kenneth H. , Tom Henry , Lee Robert C. , Kang Hobin , Simon Jacob C. , Staninec Michal , Darling Cynthia L. , Pelzner Roger B. , Fried Daniel 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionStudies have shown that cross‐polarization optical coherence tomography (CP‐OCT) can be used to image the internal structure of carious lesions in vivo. The objective of this study was to show that CP‐OCT can be used to monitor changes in the internal structure of early active carious lesions on smooth surfaces during non‐surgical intervention with fluoride.MethodsLesions on the smooth surfaces of teeth were imaged using CP‐OCT on 17 test subjects. Lesion structural changes were monitored during fluoride varnish application at 6‐week intervals for 30 weeks. The lesion depth (Ld), integrated reflectivity (ΔR), and surface zone thickness (Sz) were monitored.ResultsA distinct transparent surface zone that may be indicative of lesion arrestment was visible in CP‐OCT images on 62/63 lesions before application of fluoride varnish. The lesion depth and internal structure were resolved for all the lesions. The overall change in the mean values for Ld, ΔR, and Sz for all the lesions was minimal and was not significant during the study (P > 0.05). Only 5/63 lesions manifested a significant increase in Sz during intervention.ConclusionEven though it appears that most of the lesions manifested little change with fluoride varnish application in the 30 weeks of the study, CP‐OCT was able to measure the depth and internal structure of all the lesions including the thickness of the important transparent surface zone located at the surface of the lesions, indicating that CP‐OCT is ideally suited for monitoring lesion severity in vivo. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:915–923, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The usefulness of microsurgical pedicle lengthening in free anterolateral thigh flaps
Authors: Han Hyun Ho , Choi Eun Jeong , Oh Deuk Young , Moon Suk Ho 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundA microsurgical pedicle‐lengthening technique can be used when a pedicle length longer than that usually provided by an anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is required. The purpose of this report is description of pedicle lengthening method from original pedicle length for free ALT flaps and presentation of the results of application of this technique in reconstruction from a series of cases.Patients and MethodsThe microsurgical pedicle‐lengthening procedure was used in 10 patients who received free ALT flaps from January 2012 to June 2015. The location of reconstruction was the heel in 3 patients, foot in 3 patients, flank in 2 patients, forehead in 1 patient, and lower leg in 1 patient. The technique was categorized as two distinct 2 types according to the branching pattern of the perforator. The transected segments of the extra vessel lengths were translocated anterogradely, and used to perform pedicle extensions.ResultsThe average length of the original pedicle was 13.1 cm (range 10.1–16.4 cm), and the average gain in length using the pedicle‐lengthening method was 6.5 cm (range 5.0–8.1 cm). All the flaps survived well postoperatively. Of the 10 patients, three experienced complications that included partial flap necrosis in one patient, wound dehiscence in one patient, and seroma in the third patient. No major complications occurred.ConclusionThe microsurgical pedicle‐lengthening technique described here offers a solution for pedicles that are shorter than expected, with additional surgery required. This method may help overcome emergency situations that can arise during ALT flap surgery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:559–566, 2016.
Effects of a mindfulness‐based weight loss intervention in adults with obesity: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Daubenmier Jennifer , Moran Patricia J. , Kristeller Jean , Acree Michael , Bacchetti Peter , Kemeny Margaret E. , Dallman Mary , Lustig Robert H. , Grunfeld Carl , Nixon Douglas F. , Milush Jeffrey M. , Goldman Veronica , Laraia Barbara , Laugero Kevin D. , Woodhouse Leslie , Epel Elissa S. , Hecht Frederick M. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether adding mindfulness‐based eating and stress management practices to a diet‐exercise program improves weight loss and metabolic syndrome components.MethodsIn this study 194 adults with obesity were randomized to a 5.5‐month program with or without mindfulness training and identical diet‐exercise guidelines. Intention‐to‐treat analyses with multiple imputation were used for missing data. The primary outcome was 18‐month weight change.ResultsEstimated effects comparing the mindfulness to control arm favored the mindfulness arm in (a) weight loss at 12 months, −1.9 kg (95% CI: −4.5, 0.8; P = 0.17), and 18 months, −1.7 kg (95% CI: −4.7, 1.2; P = 0.24), though not statistically significant; (b) changes in fasting glucose at 12 months, −3.1 mg/dl (95% CI: −6.3, 0.1; P = 0.06), and 18 months, −4.1 mg/dl (95% CI: −7.3, −0.9; P = 0.01); and (c) changes in triglyceride/HDL ratio at 12 months, −0.57 (95% CI: −0.95, −0.18; P = 0.004), and 18 months, −0.36 (95% CI: −0.74, 0.03; P = 0.07). Estimates for other metabolic risk factors were not statistically significant, including waist circumference, blood pressure, and C‐reactive protein.ConclusionsMindfulness enhancements to a diet‐exercise program did not show substantial weight loss benefit but may promote long‐term improvement in some aspects of metabolic health in obesity that requires further study.
Prepubertal children exposed to concentrated disadvantage: An exploratory analysis of inflammation and metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Kepper Maura , Sothern Melinda , Zabaleta Jovanny , Ravussin Eric , Velasco‐Gonzalez Cruz , Leonardi Claudia , Griffiths Lauren , Park Chi , Estrada John , Scribner Richard 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveIt is unclear whether physiologic and metabolic biomarkers are associated with chronic stressors evidenced during early childhood.MethodsCross‐sectional data were obtained from a cohort of healthy, prepubertal (Tanner stage < 2) children (n = 96; age: 8.06 [7.8] years; M = 51 [53%]; F = 45 [47%]; African‐American = 26 [27%]; Caucasian = 70 [73%]; with obesity = 21 [22%]; without obesity = 75 [78%]) from the MET study. Body mass index z‐score (z_BMI), total body fat (BF), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), intrahepatic and intramyocellular lipids, and insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) were measured. Chronic stress was assessed using neighborhood concentrated disadvantage index (CDI) for the U.S. Census tracts in which participants resided. Spearman's rank correlations were used to examine relationships, accounting for sex and race.ResultsCDI was not positively associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers of dysfunction. However, z_BMI (−0.234, P = 0.023), BF (−0.228, P = 0.028, n = 95), and VAT (−0.241, P = 0.042, n = 74) were significantly negatively associated with CDI. When stratifying by race, these relationships remained significant in Caucasian children only.ConclusionsThese findings suggest chronic stress during early childhood is not associated with inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers, typically observed in adults. Therefore, exposure to stress during this critical developmental period may remain latent and emerge during a later developmental stage.
Proteome and carbon flux analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from different infection sites
Authors: Lassek Christian , Berger Antje , Zühlke Daniela , Wittmann Christoph , Riedel Katharina 
Published: March 2016

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known as opportunistic pathogen frequently isolated from different infection sites. To investigate the expression rates of P. aeruginosa proteins commonly expressed by different clinical isolates, absolute protein quantities were determined employing a gel‐free and data‐independent LC‐IMSE approach. Moreover, the metabolic diversity of these isolates was investigated by 13C‐metabolic flux analyses. 812 proteins were reproducibly identified and absolutely quantified for the reference strain P. aeruginosa PAO1, 363 of which were also identified and relatively quantified in all isolates. Whilst the majority of these proteins were expressed in constant amounts, expression rates of 42 proteins were highly variable between the isolates. Notably, the outer membrane protein OprH and the response regulator PhoP were strongly expressed in burned wounds isolates compared to lung/urinary tract isolates. Moreover, proteins involved in iron/amino acids uptake were found to be highly abundant in urinary tract isolates. The fluxome data revealed a conserved glycolysis, and a niche‐specific divergence in fluxes through the glyoxylate shunt and the TCA cycle among the isolates. The integrated proteome/fluxome analysis did not indicate straightforward correlation between the protein amount and flux, but rather points to additional layers of regulation that mediate metabolic adaption of P. aeruginosa to different host environments. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002373 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD002373).
Synthesis and flame retardant potential of polyols based on bisphenol‐S
Authors: Sonnenschein Mark F. , Virgili Justin M. , Babb David A. , Bell Bruce M. , Nickless Brian C. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTPolyether polyols based on bisphenol‐S were prepared by alkoxylation and compared with analogs based on bisphenol‐A, as well as standard aromatic polyester, and polyether polyols for viscosity and temperature stability. Thermo‐oxidative stability was determined by thermo‐gravimetric analysis, pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, and evolved gas analysis mass spectroscopy. Incorporation of the sulfone moiety was found to dramatically improve the thermo‐oxidative stability of the neat polyol. Significant char formation was observed with gas phase evolution of flame retardant SO2and aromatic sulfone only apparent at about 600 °C. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2016,54, 2102–2108
An Exercise Counseling Intervention in Minority Adults With Heart Failure
Authors: McCarthy Margaret M. , Dickson Victoria Vaughan , Katz Stuart D. , Chyun Deborah A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurpose:The primary aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of an exercise counseling intervention for adults of diverse race/ethnicity with heart failure (HF) and to assess its potential for improving overall physical activity, functional capacity, and HF self-care.Design:This study was a quasi-experimental, prospective, longitudinal cohort design.Methods:Twenty adults were enrolled and completed the 6-minute walk and standardized instruments, followed by exercise counseling using motivational interviewing. Each received an accelerometer, hand weights, and a diary to record self-care behaviors. Participants were followed via phone for 12 weeks to collect step-counts, review symptoms, and plan the following week’s step goal.Findings:Results indicate that this intervention was feasible for most participants and resulted in improvements in physical activity, functional capacity, and self-care behaviors.Conclusion/Clinical Relevance:Brief exercise counseling may be an appropriate option to improve outcomes for stable patients with HF and may be tailored to fit different settings.
Molecular Oxygen Modulated Luminescence of an Octahedro‐hexamolybdenum Iodide Cluster having Six Apical Thiocyanate Ligands
Authors: Riehl Lara , Ströbele Markus , Enseling David , Jüstel Thomas , Meyer H.‐Jürgen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization, and luminescence properties of (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(NCS)6] are reported. Orange crystals of (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(NCS)6] were crystallized from acetone solution and used for X‐ray single‐crystal structure determination and refinement, yielding a structure with a centrosymmetric [Mo6I8(NCS)6]2– ion. Photoluminescence studies on the crystalline solid revealed a broad excitation in the UV/Vis region and an emission around 690 nm. The red emission intensity decreases with increasing partial pressure of atmospheric molecular O2.