bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic placement and redescription of Aleochara blackburni Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from coastal Australia
Authors: Song Jeong‐Hun , Osborn Andrew W , Elgueta Mario , Ahn Kee‐Jeong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAleochara blackburni Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz (Aleocharinae) is a little‐known coastal rove beetle, not studied since a specimen was collected from coasts in Port Lincoln, South Australia, in 1888. We report the discovery of additional specimens, which were collected at sites distributed between the central‐east and south‐east coasts of Tasmania, Australia. Habitus photographs, a redescription, host records and illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided. To investigate the phylogenetic placement of A. blackburni and taxonomic problems within the Emplenota and Triochara clade, we studied 34 populations of 13 coastal and one inland species and generated a molecular phylogeny of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst based on three partial mitochondrial genes (COI, tRNA leucine and COII). Our results showed that A. blackburni was the sister group of the bilineata clade + curtula clade and suggested that A. curtidens Klimaszewski (Vancouver, Canada) and A. trisulcata Weise (Chiba, Japan) used in a previous study were misidentifications of A. fucicola Sharp and A. zerchei (Assing), respectively. Five independent origins of specialisation to coastal habitat in the genus Aleochara (clades A–E) are hypothesised, of which A. blackburni has independently colonised the Southern Australian coast (clade E).
A genome‐wide significant association on chromosome 2 for footrot resistance/susceptibility in Swiss White Alpine sheep
Authors: Niggeler A. , Tetens J. , Stäuble A. , Steiner A. , Drögemüller C. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryFootrot is one of the most important causes of lameness in global sheep populations and is characterized by a bacterial infection of the interdigital skin. As a multifactorial disease, its clinical representation depends not only on pathogen factors and environmental components but also on the individual resistance/susceptibility of the host. A genetic component has been shown in previous studies; however, so far no causative genetic variant influencing the risk of developing footrot has been identified. In this study, we genotyped 373 Swiss White Alpine sheep, using the ovine high‐density 600k SNP chip, in order to run a DNA‐based comparison of individuals with known clinical footrot status. We performed a case–control genome‐wide association study, which revealed a genome‐wide significant association for SNP rs418747104 on ovine chromosome 2 at 81.2 Mb. The three best associated SNP markers were located at the MPDZ gene, which codes for the multiple PDZ domain crumbs cell polarity complex component protein, also known as multi‐PDZ domain protein 1 (MUPP1). This protein is possibly involved in maintaining the barrier function and integrity of tight junctions. Therefore, we speculate that individuals carrying MPDZ variants may differ in their footrot resistance/susceptibility due to modified horn and interdigital skin integrity. In conclusion, our study reveals that MPDZ might represent a functional candidate gene, and further research is needed to explore its role in footrot affected sheep.
A retrospective study of ketamine administration and the development of acute or post‐traumatic stress disorder in 274 war‐wounded soldiers
Authors: Mion G. , Le Masson J. , Granier C. , Hoffmann C. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe objective of this study was to explore whether ketamine prevents or exacerbates acute or post‐traumatic stress disorders in military trauma patients. We conducted a retrospective study of a database from the French Military Health Service, including all soldiers surviving a war injury in Afghanistan (2010–2012). The diagnosis of post‐traumatic stress disorder was made by a psychiatrist and patients were analysed according to the presence or absence of this condition. Analysis included the following covariables: age; sex; acute stress disorder; blast injury; associated fatality; brain injury; traumatic amputation; Glasgow coma scale; injury severity score; administered drugs; number of surgical procedures; physical, neurosensory or aesthetic sequelae; and the development chronic pain. Covariables related to post‐traumatic and acute stress disorders with a p ≤ 0.10 were included in a multivariable logistic regression model. The data from 450 soldiers were identified; 399 survived, of which 274 were analysed. Among these, 98 (36%) suffered from post‐traumatic stress disorder and 89 (32%) had received ketamine. Fifty‐four patients (55%) in the post‐traumatic stress disorder group received ketamine vs. 35 (20%) in the no PTSD group (p < 0.001). The 89 injured soldiers who received ketamine had a median (IQR [range]) injury severity score of 5 (3–13 [1–26]) vs. 3 (2–4 [1–6] in the 185 patients who did not (p < 0.001). At multivariable analysis, only acute stress disorder and total number of surgical procedures were independently associated with the development of post‐traumatic stress disorder. In this retrospective study, ketamine administration was not a risk factor for the development of post‐traumatic stress disorder in the military trauma setting.
Stallion spermatozoa surviving freezing and thawing experience membrane depolarization and increased intracellular Na+
Authors: Ortega Ferrusola C. , Anel‐López L. , Ortiz‐Rodriguez J. M. , Martin Muñoz P. , Alvarez M. , de Paz P. , Masot J. , Redondo E. , Balao da Silva C. , Morrell J. M. , Rodriguez Martinez H. , Tapia J. A. , Gil M. C. , Anel L. , Peña F. J. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIn order to gain insight of the modifications that freezing and thawing cause to the surviving population of spermatozoa, changes in the potential of the plasma membrane (Em) and intracellular Na+ content of stallion spermatozoa were investigated using flow cytometry. Moreover, caspase 3 activity was also investigated and the functionality of the Na+‐K+ ATPase pump was investigated before and after freezing and thawing. Cryopreservation caused a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the subpopulation of spermatozoa with depolarized sperm membranes, concomitantly with an increase (p < 0.05) in intracellular Na+. These changes occurred in relation to activation of caspase 3 (p < 0.001). Cryopreservation reduced the activity of the Na‐K+ pump and inhibition of the Na+‐K+ ATPase pump with ouabain‐induced caspase 3 activation. It is concluded that inactivation of Na+‐K+ ATPase occurs during cryopreservation, an inhibition that could play a role explaining the accelerated senescence of the surviving population of spermatozoa.
M2 polarization of monocytes in ankylosing spondylitis and relationship with inflammation and structural damage
Authors: Zhao Jinzhu , Yuan Wei , Tao Chunsheng , Sun Peifeng , Yang Zaixing , Xu Weidong 
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the polarization of peripheral blood monocytes in the patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to determine the correlations between monocyte polarization and inflammation and structural damage. A total of 120 AS patients, 50 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. M1 (CD68+CD192+) and M2 (CX3CR1+CD163+) monocytes were characterized by flow cytometry. Demographic, clinical, radiographic and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. A large increase in M2 (CX3CR1+CD163+) monocytes was observed in AS, and M2/M1 ratio was 7.18 ± 6.12, 2.54 ± 3.14 and 35.61 ± 20.04 in control, RA and AS, respectively. The M2/M1 ratio correlated with modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS) (r = 0.565; p < 0.001), ESR (r = −0.321; p < 0.001, CRP (r = −0.265; p < 0.001) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) (r = −0.201; p = 0.028). Anti‐TNF‐α therapy induced a significant reduction in the percentage of M1 monocyte, ESR, CRP and BASDAI in AS patients. The present results demonstrated that M2 type polarized monocytes are predominant in the peripheral blood in AS and the M2/M1 ratio is correlated with structural damage (mSASSS), inflammatory biomarkers (ESR and CRP) and BASDAI.
Thinking or feeling? An exploratory study of maternal scaffolding, child mental state talk, and emotion understanding in language‐impaired and typically developing school‐aged children
Authors: Yuill Nicola , Little Sarah 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundMother–child mental state talk (MST) supports children's developing social–emotional understanding. In typically developing (TD) children, family conversations about emotion, cognition, and causes have been linked to children's emotion understanding. Specific language impairment (SLI) may compromise developing emotion understanding and adjustment.AimsWe investigated emotion understanding in children with SLI and TD, in relation to mother–child conversation. Specifically, is cognitive, emotion, or causal MST more important for child emotion understanding and how might maternal scaffolding support this?SampleNine 5‐ to 9‐year‐old children with SLI and nine age‐matched typically developing (TD) children, and their mothers.MethodWe assessed children's language, emotion understanding and reported behavioural adjustment. Mother–child conversations were coded for MST, including emotion, cognition, and causal talk, and for scaffolding of causal talk.ResultsChildren with SLI scored lower than TD children on emotion understanding and adjustment. Mothers in each group provided similar amounts of cognitive, emotion, and causal talk, but SLI children used proportionally less cognitive and causal talk than TD children did, and more such child talk predicted better child emotion understanding. Child emotion talk did not differ between groups and did not predict emotion understanding. Both groups participated in maternal‐scaffolded causal talk, but causal talk about emotion was more frequent in TD children, and such talk predicted higher emotion understanding.ConclusionsCognitive and causal language scaffolded by mothers provides tools for articulating increasingly complex ideas about emotion, predicting children's emotion understanding. Our study provides a robust method for studying scaffolding processes for understanding causes of emotion.
Prognostic value of urinary prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) during active surveillance of patients with low‐risk prostate cancer receiving 5α‐reductase inhibitors
Authors: Fradet Vincent , Toren Paul , Nguile‐Makao Molière , Lodde Michele , Lévesque Jérome , Léger Caroline , Caron André , Bergeron Alain , Ben‐Zvi Tal , Lacombe Louis , Pouliot Frédéric , Tiguert Rabi , Dujardin Thierry , Fradet Yves 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the clinical performance of the urinary prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) test to predict the risk of Gleason grade re‐classification amongst men receiving a 5α‐reductase inhibitor (5ARI) during active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer.Patients and MethodsPatients with low‐risk prostate cancer were enrolled in a prospective Phase II study of AS complemented with prescription of a 5ARI. A repeat biopsy was taken within the first year and annually according to physician and patient preference. In all, 90 patients had urine collected after digital rectal examination of the prostate before the first repeat biopsy. The PCA3 test was performed in a blinded manner at a central laboratory.ResultsUsing a PCA3‐test score threshold of 35, there was a significant difference (P < 0.001) in the risk of being diagnosed with Gleason ≥7 cancer during a median of 7 years of follow‐up. Adjusted Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses also showed a significantly higher risk of upgrading to Gleason ≥7 during follow‐up for those with a higher PCA3‐test score.ConclusionThe urinary PCA3 test predicted Gleason grade re‐classification amongst patients receiving a 5ARI during AS for low‐risk prostate cancer.
Biofluorescence as a survey tool for cryptic marine species
Authors: De Brauwer Maarten , Hobbs Jean‐Paul A. , Ambo‐Rappe Rohani , Jompa Jamaluddin , Harvey Euan S. , McIlwain Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAs ecosystems come under increasing anthropogenic pressure, rare species face the highest risk of extinction. Paradoxically, data necessary to evaluate the conservation status of rare species are often lacking because of the challenges of detecting species with low abundance. One group of fishes subject to this undersampling bias are those with cryptic body patterns. Twenty‐one percent of cryptic fish species assessed for their extinction risk (International Union for Conservation of Nature [IUCN]) are data deficient. We developed a nondestructive method for surveying cryptically patterned marine fishes based on the presence of biofluorescence (underwater biofluorescence census, UBC). Blue LED torches were used to investigate how widespread biofluorescence was in cryptic reef fishes in the Coral Triangle region. The effectiveness of UBC to generate abundance data was tested on a data‐deficient pygmy seahorse species (Hippocampus bargibanti) and compared with data obtained from standard underwater visual census (UVC) surveys. We recorded 95 reef fish species displaying biofluorescence, 73 of which had not been previously described as biofluorescent. Of those fish with cryptic patterns, 87% were biofluorescent compared with 9% for noncryptic fishes. The probability of species displaying biofluorescence was 70.9 times greater for cryptic species than for noncryptic species. Almost twice the number ofH. bargibantiwas counted using the UBC compared with UVC. For 2 triplefin species (Ucla xenogrammus,Enneapterygius tutuilae), the abundance detected with UBC was triple that detected with UVC. The UBC method was effective at finding cryptic species that would otherwise be difficult to detect and thus will reduce interobserver variability inherent to UVC surveys. Biofluorescence is ubiquitous in cryptic fishes, making this method applicable across a wide range of species. Data collected using UBC could be used with multiple IUCN criteria to assess the extinction risk of cryptic species. Adopting this technique will enhance researchers’ ability to survey cryptic species and facilitate management and conservation of cryptic marine species.
Which aspects of mindfulness are important to include in adolescent interventions?
Authors: Johnson Catherine , Wade Tracey 
Published: October 2017

AimDespite widespread enthusiasm to adopt universal mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) for youth, high‐quality evidence is still lacking. It remains unknown how best to modify the successful adult curricula to render them accessible for young people but still effective. Specifically, it is unclear whether particular elements of mindfulness are key ingredients. The aim of this research was to identify the relation between aspects of baseline mindfulness and longitudinal trajectories related to well‐being in adolescence.MethodWe examined associations between eight aspects of mindfulness at baseline and longitudinal trajectories of depression, anxiety, well‐being, weight concern and shape concern over a 12‐month period in early adolescents (N = 499; 46% female; Mage at baseline 13.45 years; SD = .33).ResultsWe found a transdiagnostic protective effect for those high in Accepting and Nonjudgmental Orientation, Decentering and Nonreactivity and Acting with Awareness, with effect sizes across the variables ranging from small to large (Cohen's d = .29‐1.26) although this benefit reduced over time, especially for weight and shape concerns in girls.ConclusionThis natural but waning protective effect strengthens the case for MBIs in youth. The isolation of three key elements is an important preliminary step in identifying ways to improve the effectiveness of current adolescent curricula. Of the three, the current study suggests that teaching young adolescents to respond to their mistakes with kindness and non‐judgement should be a prime focus.
Individualized 6‐mercaptopurine increments in consolidation treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A NOPHO randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tulstrup Morten , Frandsen Thomas L. , Abrahamsson Jonas , Lund Bendik , Vettenranta Kim , Jonsson Olafur Gisli , Marquart Hanne Vibeke Hansen , Albertsen Birgitte Klug , Heyman Mats , Schmiegelow Kjeld 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis randomized controlled trial tested the hypothesis that children with non‐high‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia could benefit from individualized 6‐mercaptopurine increments during consolidation therapy (NCT00816049). Primary and secondary end points were end of consolidation minimal residual disease (MRD) positivity and event‐free survival.Methods392 patients were randomized to experimental and 396 to standard therapy. Patients allocated to standard therapy received oral 6‐mercaptopurine (25 mg/m2/day) from days 30 to 85, while the experimental arm received stepwise increments of additional 25 mg/m2/day beginning on days 50 and/or 71 unless dose‐limiting myelosuppression had occurred.ResultsIn the experimental arm, 166 patients (42%) received one dose increment, and 62 (16%) received two. Fifty‐seven of 387 (15%) patients in the experimental arm were MRD positive at end of consolidation vs 77 of 389 (20%) in the control arm (P = .08). Five‐year probability of event‐free survival was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85‐0.93) in the experimental arm vs 0.93 (0.90‐0.96) in the control arm (P = .13). The median accumulated length of 6‐mercaptopurine treatment interruptions was 7 (IQR 2‐12) in the experimental arm vs 4 (IQR 0‐10) in the control arm (P = .002).ConclusionThis study found no benefit from individualized 6‐mercaptopurine increments compared to standard therapy.
The effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on static and dynamic postural stability in older individuals: a randomized double‐blind sham‐controlled study
Authors: Ehsani Fatemeh , Samaei Afshin , Zoghi Maryam , Hedayati Rozita , Jaberzadeh Shapour 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aging population is growing rapidly. Risk of falling is higher in older people compared to young adults due to several reasons including poor posture and balance. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cerebellar anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a‐tDCS) on static and dynamic postural stability in older individuals. Twenty‐nine older adults participated in this study and were randomly allocated to two groups of active a‐tDCS (experimental; n = 14) or sham tDCS group (n = 15). Experimental group received cerebellar a‐tDCS for 20 min with intensity of 1.5 mA. Anterior–posterior and medial–lateral postural stability indices (postural sway) in addition to Berg Balance Score were measured before and after the intervention. Postural sways in static and dynamic postural tasks were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after cerebellar a‐tDCS, in addition to Berg Balance Score that increased significantly in active cerebellar a‐tDCS group (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in postural stability indices or Berg Balance Score in sham group (P > 0.05). The findings indicated immediate effect of cerebellar a‐tDCS on improvement of postural control and balance in older individuals.
Half a century of equine reproduction research and application: A veterinarytour de force
Authors: Allen W. R. , Wilsher S. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryOver the past 50 years, per season pregnancy rate in Thoroughbred mares have risen from 70 to >90% and foaling rates from 55 to >80%. Some of the significant pharmacological treatments and diagnostic methods which have driven this marked improvement in breeding efficiency are reviewed. They include the application of artificial lighting to hasten the onset of ovulatory oestrous cyclicity in early Spring, rapid steroid hormone assays to aid in determining the stage and normality of the mare's cycle, prostaglandin analogues, synthetic progestagens and Gonadotrophin‐releasing Hormone (GnRH) analogues to better control and manipulate her cycle to good effect, transrectal ultrasound scanning to monitor follicle growth, endometrial architecture and ovulation and to allow accurate, early pregnancy diagnosis thereby enabling successful ablation of one of twin conceptuses. Also, flexible videoendoscopy to monitor physiological and pathological changes in the uterine endometrium and rigid laparoscopy to apply prostaglandin to the oviducts to dislodge and clear suspected blockages of them to restore fertility. The outbreak of Contagious Equine Metritis in Newmarket in the spring of 1977 and the swabbing‐related changes to mare and stallion management, plus the improved veterinary hygiene methods, which followed are also recounted. The past half century has witnessed many technical and therapeutic advances that have enhanced tremendously the diagnostic and treatment capabilities of studfarm veterinary surgeons. They, in turn, have improved greatly the efficiency of breeding Thoroughbreds and other types of horses.
Neural approach to estimate the stress intensity factor of semi‐elliptical cracks in rotating cracked shafts in bending
Authors: Rubio P. , Muñoz‐Abella B. , Rubio L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the last decades, neural network approach has often been used to study various and complex engineering problems, such as optimization or prediction. In this paper, a methodology founded on artificial neural networks (ANNs) was used to calculate the stress intensity factor (SIF) in different points of the front of a semi‐elliptical crack present in a rotating shaft, taking into account the shape and depth of the crack, the angle of rotation, and the location of the point in the front. In the event of rotating machines, such as shafts, it is crucial to know the SIF along the crack front because this parameter, according to the Paris Law, is related to the performance of the crack during its propagation. Previously, it was necessary to achieve the data for the ANN training, for this a quasi‐static numerical model was made, which simulates a rotating cracked shaft with a semi‐elliptical crack. The numerical solutions cover a wide range of crack depths and shapes, and rotation angles. The values of the SIF estimated by the ANNs were contrasted with other solutions available in the literature finding a good agreement between them. The proposed neural network methodology is an alternative that offers a very good option for the SIF estimation, because it is efficient and easy to use, does not require high computational costs, and can be used to analyse the propagation of cracks contained in rotating shafts by means of the Paris Law taking into account the nonlinear behaviour of the shaft.