bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inner Speech's Relationship With Overt Speech in Poststroke Aphasia
Authors: Stark Brielle C. , Geva Sharon , Warburton Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeRelatively preserved inner speech alongside poor overt speech has been documented in some persons with aphasia (PWA), but the relationship of overt speech with inner speech is still largely unclear, as few studies have directly investigated these factors. The present study investigates the relationship of relatively preserved inner speech in aphasia with selected measures of language and cognition.MethodThirty-eight persons with chronic aphasia (27 men, 11 women; average age 64.53 ± 13.29 years, time since stroke 8–111 months) were classified as having relatively preserved inner and overt speech (n= 21), relatively preserved inner speech with poor overt speech (n= 8), or not classified due to insufficient measurements of inner and/or overt speech (n= 9). Inner speech scores (by group) were correlated with selected measures of language and cognition from the Comprehensive Aphasia Test (Swinburn, Porter, & Al, 2004).ResultsThe group with poor overt speech showed a significant relationship of inner speech with overt naming (r= .95,p< .01) and with mean length of utterance produced during a written picture description (r= .96,p< .01). Correlations between inner speech and language and cognition factors were not significant for the group with relatively good overt speech.ConclusionsAs in previous research, we show that relatively preserved inner speech is found alongside otherwise severe production deficits in PWA. PWA with poor overt speech may rely more on preserved inner speech for overt picture naming (perhaps due to shared resources with verbal working memory) and for written picture description (perhaps due to reliance on inner speech due to perceived task difficulty). Assessments of inner speech may be useful as a standard component of aphasia screening, and therapy focused on improving and using inner speech may prove clinically worthwhile.Supplemental Materialshttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5303542
Estimating Age at a Specified Length from the von Bertalanffy Growth Function
Authors: Ogle Derek H. , Isermann Daniel A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Estimating the time required (i.e., age) for fish in a population to reach a specific length (e.g., legal harvest length) is useful for understanding population dynamics and simulating the potential effects of length-based harvest regulations. The age at which a population reaches a specific mean length is typically estimated by fitting a von Bertalanffy growth function to length-at-age data and then rearranging the best-fit equation to solve for age at the specified length. This process precludes the use of standard frequentist methods to compute confidence intervals and compare estimates of age at the specified length among populations. We provide a parameterization of the von Bertalanffy growth function that has age at a specified length as a parameter. With this parameterization, age at a specified length is directly estimated, and standard methods can be used to construct confidence intervals and make among-group comparisons for this parameter. We demonstrate use of the new parameterization with two data sets.
Received March 30, 2017; accepted June 9, 2017 Published online September 8, 2017
‘We recommend compliance’: bargaining and leverage in Ethiopian–US intelligence cooperation
Authors: Odinga Sobukwe 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Disputes over the costs and benefits of intelligence liaisons between the US and its African allies are routine. The contentious and largely overlooked bargaining processes that stem from these disputes call into question prominent depictions of US–African security partnerships as rigidly hierarchical alliances. Through an assessment of compliance bargaining between Ethiopia and the US over the terms of their intelligence liaison, this article posits that, despite the vast power asymmetry between these allies, Ethiopia routinely dictated and policed the terms of this liaison, while consistently leveraging it as means to acquire political concessions from the US.
Improving patient safety and efficiency of medication reconciliation through the development and adoption of a computer-assisted tool with automated electronic integration of population-based community drug data: the RightRx project
Authors: Tamblyn Robyn , Winslade Nancy , Lee Todd C , Motulsky Aude , Meguerditchian Ari , Bustillo Melissa , Elsayed Sarah , Buckeridge David L , Couture Isabelle , Qian Christina J , Moraga Teresa , Huang Allen 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background and Objective
Many countries require hospitals to implement medication reconciliation for accreditation, but the process is resource-intensive, thus adherence is poor. We report on the impact of prepopulating and aligning community and hospital drug lists with data from population-based and hospital-based drug information systems to reduce workload and enhance adoption and use of an e-medication reconciliation application, RightRx.

Methods
The prototype e-medical reconciliation web-based software was developed for a cluster-randomized trial at the McGill University Health Centre. User-centered design and agile development processes were used to develop features intended to enhance adoption, safety, and efficiency. RightRx was implemented in medical and surgical wards, with support and training provided by unit champions and field staff. The time spent per professional using RightRx was measured, as well as the medication reconciliation completion rates in the intervention and control units during the first 20 months of the trial.

Results
Users identified required modifications to the application, including the need for dose-based prescribing, the role of the discharge physician in prescribing community-based medication, and access to the rationale for medication decisions made during hospitalization. In the intervention units, both physicians and pharmacists were involved in discharge reconciliation, for 96.1% and 71.9% of patients, respectively. Medication reconciliation was completed for 80.7% (surgery) to 96.0% (medicine) of patients in the intervention units, and 0.7% (surgery) to 82.7% of patients in the control units. The odds of completing medication reconciliation were 9 times greater in the intervention compared to control units (odds ratio: 9.0, 95% confidence interval, 7.4-10.9, P &lt; .0001) after adjusting for differences in patient characteristics.

Conclusion
High rates of medication reconciliation completion were achieved with automated prepopulation and alignment of community and hospital medication lists.
Evaluation of Fracture and Osteotomy Union in the Setting of Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Reliability of the Modified Radiographic Union Score for Tibial Fractures (RUST)
Authors: Franzone Jeanne M. , Finkelstein Mark S. , Rogers Kenneth J. , Kruse Richard W. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Evaluation of the union of osteotomies and fractures in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a critical component of patient care. Studies of the OI patient population have so far used varied criteria to evaluate bony union. The radiographic union score for tibial fractures (RUST), which was subsequently revised to the modified RUST, is an objective standardized method of evaluating fracture healing. We sought to evaluate the reliability of the modified RUST in the setting of the tibias of patients with OI.

Methods:
Tibial radiographs of 30 patients with OI fractures, or osteotomies were scored by 3 observers on 2 separate occasions. Each of the 4 cortices was given a score (1=no callus, 2=callus present, 3=bridging callus, and 4=remodeled, fracture not visible) and the modified RUST is the sum of these scores (range, 4 to 16). The interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities were evaluated using intraclass coefficients (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals.

Results:
The ICC representing the interobserver reliability for the first iteration of scores was 0.926 (0.864 to 0.962) and for the second series was 0.915 (0.845 to 0.957). The ICCs representing the intraobserver reliability for each of the 3 reviewers for the measurements in series 1 and 2 were 0.860 (0.707 to 0.934), 0.994 (0.986 to 0.997), and 0.974 (0.946 to 0.988).

Conclusions:
The modified RUST has excellent interobserver and intraobserver reliability in the setting of OI despite challenges related to the poor quality of the bone and its dysplastic nature. The application and routine use of the modified RUST in the OI population will help standardize our evaluation of osteotomy and fracture healing.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective study of nonconsecutive patients.
Guided Growth of the Proximal Femur for the Management of Hip Dysplasia in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Portinaro Nicola , Turati Marco , Cometto Matteo , Bigoni Marco , Davids Jon R. , Panou Artemisia 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Progressive hip displacement is one of the most common and debilitating deformities seen in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of temporary medial hemiepiphysiodesis of the proximal femur (TMH-PF) using a transphyseal screw to control hip migration during growth in children with CP.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study of children with CP and hip dysplasia, age 4 to 11 years and GMFCS levels III-V. There were 28 patients with 56 hips that underwent TMH-PF surgery between 2007 and 2010. Clinical and radiologic evaluation was performed preoperatively, at 6, 12, and 60 months following the index surgery. Acetabular index (AI), neck-shaft angle (NSA) and migration percentage (MP) were measured. All complications were recorded.

Results:
All radiographic measurements were significantly improved at the final follow-up. Positive correlations were found between NSA, MP, and AI. Multiple regression analysis revealed that MP, time from surgery, and age were influenced by the decrease of the NSA. The femoral physis grew off the screw in 9 hips within 36 months. The screw head broke during attempted screw exchange in 1 hip. The remain cases (4 hips) were treated by placing a second screw parallel to the existing one. Finally, progressive subluxation occurred in 3 hips when the physis grew off the screw and were treated by skeletal reconstruction.

Conclusions:
TMH-PF was effective in controlling progressive subluxation of the hip in the majority of cases, obviating the need for major reconstructive surgery in these children with CP.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Hypertension in the Faith Community
Authors: Bangurah Saphie S. , Vardaman Shellye A. , Cleveland Kelli K. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT:
Inadequate blood pressure (BP) control in hypertension carries a major financial and public health burden. This study examined the efficacy of behavioral and lifestyle changes on BP control among African American adults, aged 55 years and older in a faith-based setting. The study was supported by clergy who helped to engage participants in interventions. Nurse-led diet and exercise teaching with BP monitoring led to lower BP readings over a 4-week intervention.
Patient Satisfaction With Propofol for Outpatient Colonoscopy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study
Authors: Padmanabhan Anantha , Frangopoulos Christoforos , Shaffer Lynn E.T. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:
Previous literature has shown that propofol has ideal anesthetic properties for patients undergoing colonoscopy, a common procedure at outpatient surgery centers. However, there is a paucity of information regarding patient satisfaction with propofol.

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction with propofol compared with nonpropofol (fentanyl/midazolam) anesthesia for outpatient colonoscopies. Safety and complications were secondary end points.

DESIGN:
This study was a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group controlled clinical trial (NCT 02937506).

SETTING:
This study was conducted at a single ambulatory surgery center at an urban teaching community health system.

PATIENTS:
Patients were scheduled for outpatient colonoscopy. Those with high-risk cardiac or pulmonary disease were excluded.

INTERVENTIONS:
Anesthesia personnel administered either fentanyl/midazolam (n = 300) or propofol (n = 300) for sedation during outpatient colonoscopy. A single, highly experienced endoscopist performed all colonoscopies.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcomes measured were patient satisfaction (5-point Likert scale) and procedure complications. Data were collected on the day of endoscopy by the nursing staff of the postanesthesia care unit. A subinvestigator blinded to the randomization called patients 24 to 72 hours after discharge to obtain data on postprocedure problems and status of resumption of normal activities. Analysis was intention-to-treat.

RESULTS:
Fewer patients who received propofol remembered being awake during the procedure (2% vs 17% for fentanyl, p < 0.0001) and were more likely to rate the amount of anesthesia received as being “just right” (98.7% vs 91.3% for fentanyl, p = 0.0002) and state that they were “very satisfied” with their anesthesia (86.3% vs 74% for fentanyl, p = 0.0005). Twenty-six percent of fentanyl procedures were rated “difficult” compared with 4.3% for propofol (p < 0.0001), and complications were fewer in the propofol group (2.7% vs 11.7%, p < 0.0001).

LIMITATIONS:
The endoscopist could not be completely blinded to the anesthetic administered.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients prefer propofol over a combination of fentanyl/midazolam as their anesthetic for outpatient colonoscopies. From a patient and provider perspective, propofol appears to be superior to fentanyl/midazolam for outpatient colonoscopy. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A445.
Chemical Peels: Indications and Special Considerations for the Male Patient
Authors: Reserva Jeave , Champlain Amanda , Soon Seaver L. , Tung Rebecca 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND
Chemical peels are a mainstay of aesthetic medicine and an increasingly popular cosmetic procedure performed in men.

OBJECTIVE
To review the indications for chemical peels with an emphasis on performing this procedure in male patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Review of the English PubMed/MEDLINE literature and specialty texts in cosmetic dermatology, oculoplastic, and facial aesthetic surgery regarding sex-specific use of chemical peels in men.

RESULTS
Conditions treated successfully with chemical peels in men include acne vulgaris, acne scarring, rosacea, keratosis pilaris, melasma, actinic keratosis, photodamage, resurfacing of surgical reconstruction scars, and periorbital rejuvenation. Chemical peels are commonly combined with other nonsurgical cosmetic procedures to optimize results. Male patients may require a greater number of treatments or higher concentration of peeling agent due to increased sebaceous quality of skin and hair follicle density.

CONCLUSION
Chemical peels are a cost-effective and reliable treatment for a variety of aesthetic and medical skin conditions. Given the increasing demand for noninvasive cosmetic procedures among men, dermatologists should have an understanding of chemical peel applications and techniques to address the concerns of male patients.
Raman Microscopy: A Noninvasive Method to Visualize the Localizations of Biomolecules in the Cornea
Authors: Kaji Yuichi , Akiyama Toshihiro , Segawa Hiroki , Oshika Tetsuro , Kano Hideaki 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
In vivo and in situ visualization of biomolecules without pretreatment will be important for diagnosis and treatment of ocular disorders in the future. Recently, multiphoton microscopy, based on the nonlinear interactions between molecules and photons, has been applied to reveal the localizations of various molecules in tissues. We aimed to use multimodal multiphoton microscopy to visualize the localizations of specific biomolecules in rat corneas.

Methods:
Multiphoton images of the corneas were obtained from nonlinear signals of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, third-order sum frequency generation, and second-harmonic generation.

Results:
The localizations of the adhesion complex-containing basement membrane and Bowman layer were clearly visible in the third-order sum frequency generation images. The fine structure of type I collagen was observed in the corneal stroma in the second-harmonic generation images. The localizations of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) was obtained in the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering images.

Conclusions:
Imaging technologies have progressed significantly and been applied in medical fields. Optical coherence tomography and confocal microscopy are widely used but do not provide information on the molecular structure of the cornea. By contrast, multiphoton microscopy provides information on the molecular structure of living tissues. Using this technique, we successfully visualized the localizations of various biomolecules including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in the cornea. We speculate that multiphoton microscopy will provide essential information on the physiological and pathological conditions of the cornea, as well as molecular localizations in tissues without pretreatment.
Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Children With Tuberculosis
Authors: Sulis Giorgia , Amadasi Silvia , Odone Anna , Penazzato Martina , Matteelli Alberto 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) is the major cause of mortality in HIV-infected children globally. Current guidelines about the management of antiretroviral therapy in children with TB are based on a limited number of nonrandomized studies involving small numbers of participants. The aim of the study was to systematically retrieve and critically appraise available evidence on the efficacy and safety of different antiretroviral regimens in children with HIV infection who are receiving treatment for active TB.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review of the literature according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Records were retrieved through March 2016 from Medline, Embase and manual screening of key conference proceedings. Four specific research questions assessing available treatment options were defined.

Results:
Although 4 independent searches were conducted (1 for each Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes question), results were elaborated and interpreted together because of significant overlap among the retrieved records. Six observational studies were selected for qualitative synthesis while meta-analysis could not be performed.

Conclusion:
Evidence for optimal treatment options for HIV/TB coinfected children is limited. As the global community strives to reach the fast-track HIV treatment targets and eliminate childhood TB deaths, it must ensure that coinfected children are included in key treatment studies and expand this neglected but crucial area of research.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Diversity by Exact Tandem Repeats-Variable Number Tandem Repeat Method in Azerbaijan, Iran
Authors: Danandeh Mostafa , Moadab Seyed Reza , Asgharzadeh Mohammad , Alizadeh Naser , Ghotaslou Reza 
Published: September 2017

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of adult deaths among infectious agents. One of the genetic fingerprinting techniques to study the epidemiology of TB is variable number tandem repeat (VNTR). The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from patients in Azerbaijan, Iran by exact tandem repeats (ETR)-VNTR method.

Methods
We used the ETR-VNTR method to analyze the genotypes of M. tuberculosis isolates. Forty-seven isolates were collected from pulmonary and extra pulmonary Tuberculosis patients associated with epidemiological data such as human immunodeficiency virus, anti-TB drugs use, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, lung cancer, contact with TB patients, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine use, cough, housekeeping, fever, and other risk factors from April 2013 to February 2015 in Tabriz Research Center of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Three loci ETR-A, ETR-B, and ETR-C of VNTR patterns were studied. The patients' data were checked to determine the relationships between the epidemiological data and M. tuberculosis diversities.

Results
Among the 47 isolates, 45 separate ETR-VNTR patterns consist of 9 clusters, 24 nonclusters (unique patterns) were found. No locus was observed in 2 samples. Diabetes and close household contacts were identified as important risk factors for TB in our subjects with unique patterns.

Conclusions
Thirty-three distinct patterns were distinguished. In the case of respiratory symptoms in patients with diabetes and close household contact patients, TB can be considered as the important differential diagnosis with unique patterns.
Mycobacterium Avium Complex Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With Infliximab Use
Authors: Siegel Marc O. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors are a mainstay therapy for patients with moderate to severe Crohn disease. Use of these agents is widely recognized to be associated with an increased risk for tuberculosis as well as fungal and intracellular bacterial infections. However, nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are less well recognized complications of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor therapy and can be fatal if undiagnosed. More recently, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome has been associated with discontinuation of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor therapy. We describe a patient with severe Crohn disease treated with high-dose infliximab therapy who developed disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex and who, after initial improvement with antimycobacterial therapy, subsequently developed an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome 13 weeks after her infliximab was discontinued.
Examining Factors, Strategies, and Processes to Decrease Physical Therapy Turnover Rates in Acute Care Hospitals: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Vatwani Archana , Hill Cheryl J. 
Published: September 2017

A review of the literature was performed to understand trends, patterns, and strategies to improve retention of physical therapists in acute care hospitals. The purpose of this article is to discuss contributing factors and explore 2 specific groups of strategies—human factors and quality management/quality control—to reduce attrition and increase retention of acute care hospital physical therapists. This article also discusses processes such as changing organizational variables, continuously assessing the workforce, establishing an internal leadership bank, and employee/management surveys as strategies to enhance retention of acute care physical therapists.
A variety of collective actions by both managers and employees can be implemented to reduce the challenges of acute care physical therapy turnover. No one action is more important than the others. Recommendations for future research include a qualitative study of employees who have worked in and subsequently left acute care hospitals to understand their lived experiences. Furthermore, a retrospective review of organizations' human resource files on employees who have left might uncover additional factors specific to the organization that are related to turnover. In addition, further studies addressing acute care physical therapists employed longer than 5 years might reveal more about their motivations for staying in such a challenging work environment.