bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cachexia-anorexia syndrome in patients with peritoneal metastasis: an observational study
Authors: Nordhausen Katharina , Solass Wiebke , Demtroeder Cedric , Tempfer Clemens B. , Reymond Marc 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground: Little is known about the nutritional status of patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM), in particular about the evolution of the so-called anorexia-cachexia syndrome in these patients. The objective of the study was to assess nutritional status in PM patients at the end of life, including metabolic aspects.Methods: Observational study. Prospective nutritional status assessment in 87 PM patients, including Subjective Global Assessment: (SGA), physical examination (body mass index [BMI], bioelectrical impedance analysis [BIA], anthropometry and blood chemistry).Results: 85 % patients had received previous chemotherapy. Peritoneal carcinomatosis index was 16±11, Karnofsky 81±14 % and ascites volume 1,000±1,690 ml. SGA was reduced with 22.0±9.6 points, BMI normal with 25.3±5.8 kg/m2 and resting metabolism was 1,527±248 kcal/day. Serum total protein and albumin were at the inferior normal limit (6.5±0.8 g/dl, respectively 3.7±0.8 g/dl) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was elevated (2.9±4.1 g/dl). Serum levels of protein (p=0.05), albumin (p=0.003) and transferrin (p=0.001) were higher in gastrointestinal than in ovarian PM patients. When patients were grouped according to time from first assessment to death, serum protein and albumin decreased until end of life, whereas ascites volume, resting metabolism and CRP increased.Conclusion: Both increased resting metabolism and decreased caloric intake contribute to the development of the cachexia-anorexia syndrome in PM patients. End of life is caused by energetic dysbalance and exhaustion.
Subthreshold Behaviors of Nanoscale Silicon and Germanium Junctionless Cylindrical Surrounding-Gate MOSFETs
Authors: Jiang Chunsheng , Liang Renrong , Wang Jing , Xu Jun 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
When the traditional planar metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) encounter insurmountable bottleneck of static power dissipation, junctionless transistor (JLT) becomes a promising candidate for sub-22 nm nanoscale devices due to its simpler fabrication process and better short-channel performances. Subthreshold behaviors dominate the standby power of nanoscale JLTs. In this chapter, a physics-based analytical model of electrostatic potential for both silicon and germanium short-channel junctionless cylindrical surrounding-gate (JLCSG) MOSFETs operated in the subthreshold regime is proposed, in which the full twodimensional (2D) Poisson’s equation is solved in the channel region by a method of series expansion. The expression of the proposed electrostatic potential is completely rigorous and explicit. Based on this result, the expressions of threshold voltage, subthreshold drain current, and subthreshold swing for JLCSG MOSFETs are derived. Subthreshold behaviors are studied in detail by changing different device parameters and bias conditions, including doping concentration, channel radius, gate length, gate equivalent oxide layer thickness, drain voltage, and gate voltage. Results predicted by all the analytical models agree well with numerical solutions from the three-dimensional simulator. These analytical models can be used to investigate the operating mechanisms of nanoscale JLCSG MOSFETs and to optimize their device performances.
On-Board Real-Time Optimization Control for Turbo-Fan Engine Life Extending
Authors: Zheng Qiangang , Zhang Haibo , Miao Lizhen , Sun Fengyong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA real-time optimization control method is proposed to extend turbo-fan engine service life. This real-time optimization control is based on an on-board engine mode, which is devised by a MRR-LSSVR (multi-input multi-output recursive reduced least squares support vector regression method). To solve the optimization problem, a FSQP (feasible sequential quadratic programming) algorithm is utilized. The thermal mechanical fatigue is taken into account during the optimization process. Furthermore, to describe the engine life decaying, a thermal mechanical fatigue model of engine acceleration process is established. The optimization objective function not only contains the sub-item which can get fast response of the engine, but also concludes the sub-item of the total mechanical strain range which has positive relationship to engine fatigue life. Finally, the simulations of the conventional optimization control which just consider engine acceleration performance or the proposed optimization method have been conducted. The simulations demonstrate that the time of the two control methods from idle to 99.5 % of the maximum power are equal. However, the engine life using the proposed optimization method could be surprisingly increased by 36.17 % compared with that using conventional optimization control.
Besser, schlechter oder polarisiert?
Authors: Kirchner Stefan 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Dieser Artikel untersucht Trends von Autonomie, Intensität und Beschäftigungsstabilität als Kernaspekte der Arbeitsqualität für Beschäftigte in EU-15-Ländern. Universalistische Ansätze vermuten eine universelle Verschlechterung dieser drei Aspekte auf der Low-Road. Teilweise wird eine universelle Polarisierung der Arbeitsqualität angenommen. Regimetheorien unterstellen dagegen, dass Trends und Polarisierung nach Ländergruppen unterschiedlich verlaufen. Dieser Artikel prüft diese widersprüchlichen Theoriepositionen mit dem European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) für Beschäftigte der EU-15 zwischen 1995 und 2010. In einem universellen Trend sinkt Autonomie nur leicht, die Intensität steigt und die Beschäftigungsstabilität sinkt. Dabei zeigen sich weder eine universelle Polarisierung, noch deutliche Trends oder eine Polarisierung nach Ländergruppen. Der Artikel leistet damit einen zentralen Beitrag für das Verständnis universeller Trends der Arbeitsqualität, bei denen eine deutliche Polarisierung bislang ausbleibt.
Does Naturalization Facilitate Integration?
Authors: Fick Patrick 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:
This paper addresses the question of whether naturalization affects identification with the host country on the part of first generation immigrants in Germany. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, this study contributes to the literature on the positive effects of citizenship acquisition for immigrants’ integration, which so far, has focused on the impact of citizenship acquisition on labor market integration. Naturalization is discussed as an individual investment and unique event in immigrants’ life courses. It is argued that naturalization leads to an increase in national identification both as a means of avoiding dissonance and as a consequence of improved opportunities for identifying with the mainstream society. In summary, this study finds a positive effect of naturalization on national identification regardless of the new citizen’s country of origin. Although country of origin and national identification are generally at odds, further analysis reveals that naturalization may increase the compatibility of both identifications, at least in the case of naturalized Turks.
Erneut, warum eigentlich nicht? Replik zum Vorschlag, das Modell der Frame-Selektion zu axiomatisieren
Authors: Linnebach Patrick 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Der Beitrag kommentiert den in dieser Zeitschrift erschienenen Artikel von Tutić (2015), in dem der „Mehrwert“ einer axiomatischen Handlungstheorie – am Beispiel des Modells der Frame-Selektion als einer Theorie, die keine axiomatische Fundierung besitzt – in zwei methodologischen Vorzügen gesehen wird: der Identifikation kontradiktorischer Beobachtungen und der Messbarkeit theoretischer Konstrukte. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die in konstitutiver Bezugnahme auf das von Samuelson (1938) begründete Transitivitätsaxiom postulierten Vorzüge auf einem Axiomatisierungsverständnis basieren, das mit der Erwartungsnutzentheorie, so wie sie von Samuelson u. a. kongenial mit Savage (1954) axiomatisiert wurde, nicht kompatibel ist. Das hat zur Konsequenz, dass sich das Modell der Frame-Selektion in der vorgeschlagenen Weise nicht axiomatisieren lässt, führt aber zu einem kritischeren Verständnis experimentalökonomischer Arbeiten, die für die Soziologie zentrale Fragestellungen thematisieren.
Estrategias didácticas en los textos escolares Venezolanos de química para la enseñanza de los conceptos básicos de medición, materia y energía / Didacticism strategies in the Venezuelan chemistry textbooks for teaching the basics concepts of measurement
Authors: Certad Villarroel Pedro Andrés 
Published: April 2016

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo fundamental determinar las estrategias didácticas que emplean los textos escolares venezolanos de Química para la enseñanza de los conceptos básicos de medición, materia y energía. La aproximación que se hizo a los textos escolares tiene como base el Análisis de Contenido como una técnica de interpretación de textos, tomando en cuenta registros de datos. Nos basamos en la lectura textual o visual como instrumento de recogida de información, lectura que a diferencia de la lectura común debe realizarse siguiendo un método específico obteniendo hallazgos específicos desde cada ciencia que de alguna manera pueden comprometer la eficacia del texto escolar como instrumento curricular tanto para el alumno como para el docente. Los hallazgos permiten la determinación de diversas estrategias didácticas como lo son: contextualización, presentación de la Información, enseñanza explícita, recíproca y focalización.
Ventral Medial Thalamic Nucleus Promotes Synchronization of Increased High Beta Oscillatory Activity in the Basal Ganglia–Thalamocortical Network of the Hemiparkinsonian Rat
Authors: Brazhnik Elena , McCoy Alex J. , Novikov Nikolay , Hatch Christina E. , Walters Judith R. 
Published: April 2016

Loss of dopamine is associated with increased synchronization and oscillatory activity in the subthalamic nucleus and basal ganglia (BG) output nuclei in both Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and animal models of PD. We have previously observed substantial increases in spectral power in the 25–40 Hz range in LFPs recorded in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) and motor cortex (MCx) in the hemiparkinsonian rat during treadmill walking. The current study explores the hypothesis that SNpr output entrains activity in the ventral medial thalamus (VM) in this frequency range after loss of dopamine, which in turn contributes to entrainment of the MCx and BG. Electrode bundles were implanted in MCx, SNpr, and VM of rats with unilateral dopamine cell lesions. Spiking and LFP activity were recorded during epochs of rest and walking on a circular treadmill. After dopamine cell lesion, 30–36 Hz LFP activity in the VM became more robust during treadmill walking and more coherent with LFP activity in the same range in MCx and SNpr. Infusion of the GABAAantagonist picrotoxin into the VM reduced both high beta power in MCx and SNpr and coherence between MCx and SNpr while temporarily restoring walking ability. Infusion of the GABAAagonist muscimol into the VM also reduced MCx–SNpr coherence and beta power but failed to improve walking. These results support the view that synchronized neuronal activity in the VM contributes to the emergence of high beta oscillations throughout the BG-thalamocortical network in the behaving parkinsonian rat.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTParkinson's disease symptoms are associated with dramatic increases in synchronized beta range (15–35 Hz) oscillatory local field activity in several brain areas involved in motor control, but the mechanisms promoting this activity and its functional significance remain unresolved. This oscillatory activity can be recorded in awake behaving rats with unilateral dopamine cell lesions using chronically implanted electrodes. Although these rats have motor deficits, they can walk on a circular treadmill in the direction ipsilateral to their lesion. This study establishes a critical role for the ventral medial thalamus in the propagation of this exaggerated beta range oscillatory activity and the sequential entrainment of structures throughout the basal ganglia–thalamocortical loop in the lesioned hemisphere of hemiparkinsonian rats during treadmill walking.
Overexpression of Protein Kinase Mζ in the Hippocampus Enhances Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Contextual But Not Cued Fear Memory in Rats
Authors: Schuette Sven R.M. , Fernández-Fernández Diego , Lamla Thorsten , Rosenbrock Holger , Hobson Scott 
Published: April 2016

The persistently active protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) has been found to be involved in the formation and maintenance of long-term memory. Most of the studies investigating PKMζ, however, have used either putatively unselective inhibitors or conventional knock-out animal models in which compensatory mechanisms may occur. Here, we overexpressed an active form of PKMζ in rat hippocampus, a structure highly involved in memory formation, and embedded in several neural networks. We investigated PKMζ's influence on synaptic plasticity using electrophysiological recordings of basal transmission, paired pulse facilitation, and LTP and combined this with behavioral cognitive experiments addressing formation and retention of both contextual memory during aversive conditioning and spatial memory during spontaneous exploration. We demonstrate that hippocampal slices overexpressing PKMζ show enhanced basal transmission, suggesting a potential role of PKMζ in postsynaptic AMPAR trafficking. Moreover, the PKMζ-overexpressing slices augmented LTP and this effect was not abolished by protein-synthesis blockers, indicating that PKMζ induces enhanced LTP formation in a protein-synthesis-independent manner. In addition, we found selectively enhanced long-term memory for contextual but not cued fear memory, underlining the theory of the hippocampus' involvement in the contextual aspect of aversive reinforced tasks. Memory for spatial orientation during spontaneous exploration remained unaltered, suggesting that PKMζ may not affect the neural circuits underlying spontaneous tasks that are different from aversive tasks. In this study, using an overexpression strategy as opposed to an inhibitor-based approach, we demonstrate an important modulatory role of PKMζ in synaptic plasticity and selective memory processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMost of the literature investigating protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) used inhibitors with selectivity that has been called into question or conventional knock-out animal models in which compensatory mechanisms may occur. To avoid these issues, some studies have been done using viral overexpression of PKMζ in different brain structures to show cognitive enhancement. However, electrophysiological experiments were exclusively done in knock-out models or inhibitory studies to show depletion of LTP. There was no study showing the effect of PKMζ overexpression in the hippocampus on behavior and LTP experiments. To our knowledge, this is the first study to combine these aspects with the result of enhanced memory for contextual fear memory and to show enhanced LTP in hippocampal slices overexpressing PKMζ.
Synaptic Mechanisms of Memory Consolidation during Sleep Slow Oscillations
Authors: Wei Yina , Krishnan Giri P. , Bazhenov Maxim 
Published: April 2016

Sleep is critical for regulation of synaptic efficacy, memories, and learning. However, the underlying mechanisms of how sleep rhythms contribute to consolidating memories acquired during wakefulness remain unclear. Here we studied the role of slow oscillations, 0.2–1 Hz rhythmic transitions between Up and Down states during stage 3/4 sleep, on dynamics of synaptic connectivity in the thalamocortical network model implementing spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity. We found that the spatiotemporal pattern of Up-state propagation determines the changes of synaptic strengths between neurons. Furthermore, an external input, mimicking hippocampal ripples, delivered to the cortical network results in input-specific changes of synaptic weights, which persisted after stimulation was removed. These synaptic changes promoted replay of specific firing sequences of the cortical neurons. Our study proposes a neuronal mechanism on how an interaction between hippocampal input, such as mediated by sharp wave-ripple events, cortical slow oscillations, and synaptic plasticity, may lead to consolidation of memories through preferential replay of cortical cell spike sequences during slow-wave sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSleep is critical for memory and learning. Replay during sleep of temporally ordered spike sequences related to a recent experience was proposed to be a neuronal substrate of memory consolidation. However, specific mechanisms of replay or how spike sequence replay leads to synaptic changes that underlie memory consolidation are still poorly understood. Here we used a detailed computational model of the thalamocortical system to report that interaction between slow cortical oscillations and synaptic plasticity during deep sleep can underlie mapping hippocampal memory traces to persistent cortical representation. This study provided, for the first time, a mechanistic explanation of how slow-wave sleep may promote consolidation of recent memory events.
Revolução francesa e modernidade em Retif de la Bretonne
Authors: Freitas Maria Teresa De 
Published: April 2016

Resumo: Rétif de la Bretonne , escritor francês da segunda metade do século XVIII, embora pouco conhecido nos meios literários atuais, é o autor de uma vasta e curiosa obra literária, que toca os mais diversos gêneros: romance, conto, ficção autobiográfica, teatro, ficção científica, tratado e crônica. Além de conter inúmeras previsões, tanto no campo sócio-político como no campo da ciência, frutos de uma extraordinária lucidez profética, essa obra constitui um excelente documento sobre a sociedade de época. Mas, sobretudo, é ele o autor de uma das mais interessantes crônicas da Revolução francesa - talvez a única no gênero -, as Noites Revolucionárias, onde se tem um quadro vivo das cenas mais perturbadoras dos primeiros anos da Revolução, principalmente daquelas, violentas e cruéis, que enchiam as ruas das noites de Paris. A alternância de tais cenas com pequenos contos, cujo conteúdo oscila da mais ingênua história de amor platônico aos mais escabrosos casos de prostituição infantil e de violência sexual, confere a essa obra única um aspecto lúdico, que o autor explora sob vários angulos, e que, além de fazer dela um depoimento ímpar sobre o inconsciente coletivo do povo francês à época, inscreve-a também na linha da Modernidade literária.Résumé: Rétif de la Bretonne, écrivain français de la deuxieme moitié du XVIII° siècle pas assez connu dans les milieux littéraires d’aujourd'hui, est pourtant l’auteur d' une immense et curieuse oeuvre littéraire, qui touche aux genres les plus divers: roman , conte, fiction autobioqraphique, théatre, fiction scientifique, traité et chronique. Outre qu'elle contient d'innombrables prévisions, aussi bien dans le domaine socio-politique que dans le champ scientifique, fruits d'une extraordinaire lucidité prophétique, cette oeuvre constitue un excellent document sur la société française de l’epoque . Mais il est surtout l'auteur de l'une des plus intéressantes chroniques de la Révolution française - peut-être la seule dans son genre -, Les Nuits révolutionnaires, ou l'on a un tableau vivant de quelques-unes des plus bouleversantes scènes des premières années de la Révolution (1789-1793), et en particulier de celles, violentes et cruelles, qui remplissaient les rues des nuits de Paris. L’alternance de telles scènes avec de courts récits, dont le contenu bascule de la plus naive histoire d'amour platonique aux plus scabreuses affaires de prostitution enfantine et de violence sexuelle, confère à l' oeuvre un aspect ludique, que l’auteur exploite sous plusieurs angles, et qui, en plus de faire d’elle un temoignage unique sur l’inconscient collectif du peuple français à cette époque, l’inscrit aussi dans la lignée de la Modernité littéraire.
Percursos de sedução e de conquista - tradução e reformulação em "A casa verde"
Authors: Fonseca Maria Nazareth Soares 
Published: April 2016

Resumo: Este estudo propõe avaliar no romance A casa verde de Vargas Llosa os sentidos da tradução textua tomada como verbalização do desejo de resguardar a relação do texto com um referente historicamente constituído. Definidos os percursos da sedução e da conquista tanto na relação entre texto e leitor quanto na estrutura significante do romance, recupera-se a estória da conquista da América e a busca de sua identidade.Résumé: Cette étude a comme but l'analyse dans le roman A casa verde, de Vargas Llosa, Les sens de la traduction textuelle, considerée comme verbalisation du désir de sauve-garder le rapport du texte avec un référent historiquement constitué. Tout en définissant les parcours de la séduction et de la conquête - aussi bien dans le rapport entre le texte et le lecteur que dans la structure signifiante de roman - nous essayons de récupérer l'histoire de la conquête de l'Amérique et la quête de son identité.
Uma literatura em busca de um amor
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Cláudio Vieira de 
Published: April 2016

Resumo: O texto procura defender o aumento da criatividade nas escolas,tanto como forma de ampliar o número de autores de literatura infanta-juvenil, propriamente ditos, quanto como estratégia de luta contra o lugar comum e a estereotipia da literatura feita por adultos para as crianças.Résumé: Le texte cherche defendre l'augment de la criativité dans les écoles, tantôt comme forme d'amplifier le nombre d'auteurs de littératuyre infantile et juvénile, proprement dites, tantôt comme stratégie de lutte contre le lieu commun et la stéréotypie de la littérature faite par les adultes pour les enfants.
A dança das doze princesas ou o teatro do desejo
Authors: Freitas Marcus Vinícius De 
Published: April 2016

Resumo: Análise do conto "A dança das doze princesas" enquanto representação dos mecanismos de funcionamento do jogo consciente/inconsciente.Résumé: Analyse du conte "A dança das doze princesas" en tant que représentation das mécanismes de fonctionnement du jeu conscient/inconscient.
MODEL KETERAMPILAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL (EQ) DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Hidayat Hidayat 
Published: April 2016

Learning process at school is a complex process and comprehensive. Many people said that someone has to have high Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in order to gain high achievement since intelligence is potential asset which is making easier to study and produce optimum high learning achievement. As a matter of fact, in studying and learning process at school, some of the students cannot attain learning achievement equivalent with the Intelligence Quotient. There are some students with high Intelligence Quotient but the learning achievements are low. In the other hand, there are some students with low Intelligence Quotient can attain high learning achievement. Therefore, Intelligence Quotient is not the only factor which is deciding someone’s success. Another factor which influences someone’s success is Emotional Intelligence (EI). Emotional Intellegence is someone’s ability to manage his/her emotional life with intelligence, keep the appropriateness of emotion and its expression through self-consciousness’ skill, self-control, self-motivation, emphatic, and social skill.<br /><br /> Keywords: learning achievement, emotional Intelligence, self-control <br /><br />