bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the influence of environmental and weather factors on the density of the invasive polychaete Boccardia proboscidea
Authors: Garaffo Griselda V. , Jaubet María L. , Sánchez María A. , Llanos Elizabeth N. , Vallarino Eduardo A. , Elías Rodolfo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe inter‐tidal zone around sewage discharges in a Southwest Atlantic shore (Mar del Plata, Argentina) is currently colonized by extensive inter‐tidal reefs of the invasive spionid Boccardia proboscidea. Understanding the links between both human and natural disturbances and the massive development of non‐indigenous species will help prevent marine bioinvasions, which are already favoured by global oceanic trade. We present herein predictive models for variations in the density of B. proboscidea around sewage discharges of Mar del Plata, using environmental (pH, turbidity, temperature, salinity and total organic matter content), weather (wind direction and storm records), spatial (sites) and temporal (season and year) variables. Density variations were modelled by generalized linear models, and model averaging (multimodel inference) was used to obtain predicted values. The highest predicted values of B. proboscidea density occurred at sites to the south of the sewage effluent in spring. These sites are more affected by urban effluent discharges and they showed increased B. proboscidea density when the north wind was predominant. In addition, B. proboscidea density values were higher in sites with 20–22 °C (seawater temperature), high total organic matter content in sediments and low salinity. The averaged model was only a good ‘predictive model’ for sites to the north of the outfall, but was useful as an ‘explanatory model’ in all sites. Such predictions may help to back up conservation and management policies and decisions.
Gun Stories: How Evidence Shapes Firearm Policy in the United States
Authors: Smith‐Walter Aaron , Peterson Holly L. , Jones Michael D. , Nicole Reynolds Marshall Ashley 
Published: December 2016

This article examines the role of evidence in the National Rifle Association and the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence's firearm policy debate proximate to the December 14, 2012 Sandy Hook school shooting. The groups’ member‐directed policy narratives are operationalized with The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), and new categories of evidence for the framework are developed. Analysis of 2,535 paragraphs of member newsletters indicates the groups display different patterns of narrative components. Evidence is associated with narrative elements, and that narrative strategy has a significant, but mixed relationship with evidence. Most importantly, findings indicate that evidence frequently co‐occurs with characters, leading us to conclude that evidence has a buttressing, or supportive, role in policy narrative closely associated with character attributions. The findings expand the understanding of evidence in contentious policy debates and offer a new component for NPF theory.Related Articles

Nevbahar, Ertas. 2015. “.” Politics & Policy 43 (): 426‐451.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12120/abstract

Raile, Eric D.,
Amber N. W. Raile,
Charles T. Salmon, and
Lori Ann Post. 2014. “.” Politics & Policy 42 (): 103‐130.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12063/abstract

Shanahan, Elizabeth A.,
Mark K. McBeth, and
Paul T. Hathaway. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 373‐400.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00295.x/abstractRelated Media
. https://www.youtube.com/user/BradyCampaign

. https://www.youtube.com/user/NRAVideos
Efficacy of early sivelestat administration on acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Kido Takashi , Muramatsu Keiji , Yatera Kazuhiro , Asakawa Takeshi , Otsubo Hiroki , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Fujino Yoshihisa , Matsuda Shinya , Mayumi Toshihiko , Mukae Hiroshi 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveThe efficacy of sivelestat, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains controversial. We investigated the role of sivelestat in ALI/ARDS patients on mortality as an end point between the sivelestat group and the non‐sivelestat group within 7 days of admission.MethodsThis study was performed using the Japanese nationwide administrative database (Diagnostic Procedure Combination; DPC) in 2012. We employed the propensity score weighting method with a Cox proportional hazards model to compare the mortality between the sivelestat group and the non‐sivelestat group.ResultsA total of 4276 patients were eligible for this study; 1997 patients were treated with sivelestat and 2279 patients did not receive sivelestat within 7 days of admission. After adjusting for confounds, the mortality within 3 months was significantly lower in the sivelestat group compared with the non‐sivelestat group (weighted hazard ratio: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75–0.93; P < 0.002). Multiple regression analysis revealed that younger age, absence of cancer, no need for haemodialysis and no use of high‐dose methylprednisolone were significantly correlated with treatment success (survive).ConclusionThese results of this retrospective and observational study suggest that administration of sivelestat within 7 days of admission may improve the prognosis of patients with ALI/ARDS. To our knowledge, this is the largest study to evaluate the efficacy of sivelestat on ALI/ARDS.
A phylogeny of the treehopper subfamily Heteronotinae reveals convergent pronotal traits (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Membracidae)
Authors: EVANGELISTA OLIVIA , SAKAKIBARA ALBINO M. , CRYAN JASON R. , URBAN JULIE M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEven within an insect family famous for its morphological diversity, the treehopper subfamily Heteronotinae is a microcosm of pronotal variation, displaying remarkably dissimilar thoracic ornamentations among its ten included genera. Presented here is a reconstruction of heteronotine relationships based on DNA nucleotide sequence data from five nuclear and two mitochondrial genes from a comprehensive sample of ingroup taxa (including exemplars of all genera except for the monotypic Dysyncritus Fowler, 1895). Concordant phylogenetic estimates support the monophyly of Heteronotinae sensu stricto (i.e. excluding Darnoides Fairmaire, 1846), as well as the monophyly of the included genera Heteronotus Laporte, 1832, Nassunia Stål, 1862, Omolon Walker, 1862, Rhexia Stål, 1867, and Smiliorachis Fairmaire, 1846. Conversely, Anchistrotus Buckton, 1902, Allodrilus Evangelista, 2014 and Iria Stål, 1867 were not recovered as monophyletic, although topology comparison tests failed to reject the nonmonophyly of the latter two genera, nor Heteronotinae, as currently circumscribed. These results are interpreted in the context of available morphological evidence, which generally supports these findings. Also addressed here is the evolution of selected pronotal features representing major aspects of heteronotine morphology. Bayesian stochastic mapping of pronotal traits estimated multiple character state transitions, suggesting repeated acquisition of pronotal features, most of which have evolved independently within the diverse genus Heteronotus. These convergences may provide insight into the role of the pronotum in heteronotine groups that appear to serve different adaptive strategies, such as mimicry, crypsis and defence against predators. Furthermore, our results show a substantial diversity in need of formal description, including possible new genera, and several unique sexually dimorphic syndromes that may constitute a species complex within Heteronotus delineatus Walker, 1858. Nomenclatural changes are proposed for Nassunia nigromacula (Funkhouser, 1940) new combination and Smiliorachis inornata Stål, 1862 combination reinstated, which were found to be misplaced at the generic and subfamily levels according to our analyses.
Maintained right ventricular pressure overload induces ventricular–arterial decoupling in mice
Authors: Boehm Mario , Lawrie Allan , Wilhelm Jochen , Ghofrani Hossein A. , Grimminger Friedrich , Weissmann Norbert , Seeger Werner , Schermuly Ralph T. , Kojonazarov Baktybek 
Published: December 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The aim was to investigate whether complementary assessment of non‐invasive ultrasound imaging together with closed chest‐derived intracardiac pressure–volume catheterization is applicable to mice for an in‐depth characterization of right ventricular (RV) function even upon maintained pressure overload.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Characterization of RV function by the complementary use of echocardiographic imaging together with pressure–volume catheterization reveals ventricular–arterial decoupling upon maintained pressure overload, where RV systolic function correlates with ventricular–arterial coupling rather than contractility, whereas diastolic function correlates well with RV diastolic pressure. This combined approach allows us to phenotype RV function and dysfunction better in genetically modified and/or pharmacologically treated mice.

Assessment of right ventricular (RV) function in rodents is a challenge because of the complex RV anatomy and structure. To date, the best characterization of RV function has been achieved by accurate cardiovascular phenotyping, involving a combination of non‐invasive imaging and intracardiac pressure–volume measurements. We sought to investigate the feasibility of two complementary phenotyping techniques for the evaluation of RV function in an experimental mouse model of sustained RV pressure overload. Mice underwent either sham surgery (n = 5) or pulmonary artery banding (n = 8) to induce isolated RV pressure overload. After 3 weeks, indices of RV function were assessed by echocardiography (Vevo2100) and closed chest‐derived invasive pressure–volume measurements (PVR‐1030). Pulmonary artery banding resulted in RV hypertrophy and dilatation accompanied by systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Invasive RV haemodynamic measurements demonstrated an increased end‐systolic elastance and arterial elastance after pulmonary artery banding compared with sham operation, resulting in ventricular–arterial decoupling. Regression analysis revealed that tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion is correlated with ventricular–arterial coupling (r² = 0.77, P = 0.002) rather than with RV contractility (r² = −0.61, P = 0.07). Furthermore, the isovolumic relaxation time to ECG‐derived R–R interval and the ratio of the early diastolic peak velocity measured by pulsed wave Doppler to the early diastolic peak obtained during tissue Doppler imaging correlate well with RV end‐diastolic pressure (r² = 0.87, P = 0.0001 and r² = 0.82, P = 0.0009, respectively). Commonly used indices of systolic RV function are associated with RV–arterial coupling rather than contractility, whereas diastolic indices well correlate with end‐diastolic pressure when there is maintained pressure overload.
An Investigation of Structure, Flexibility, and Function Variables that Discriminate Asymptomatic Foot Types
Authors: Shultz Sarah P. , Song Jinsup , Kraszewski Andrew P. , Hafer Jocelyn F. , Rao Smita , Backus Sherry , Hillstrom Rajshree M. , Hillstrom Howard J. 
Published: December 2016

It has been suggested that foot type considers not only foot structure (high, normal, low arch), but also function (overpronation, normal, oversupination) and flexibility (reduced, normal, excessive). Therefore, this study used canonical regression analyses to assess which variables of foot structure, function, and flexibility can accurately discriminate between clinical foot type classifications. The feet of 61 asymptomatic, healthy adults (18–77 years) were classified as cavus (N = 24), rectus (N = 54), or planus (N = 44) using standard clinical measures. Custom jigs assessed foot structure and flexibility. Foot function was assessed using an emed-x plantar pressure measuring device. Canonical regression analyses were applied separately to extract essential structure, flexibility, and function variables. A third canonical regression analysis was performed on the extracted variables to identify a combined model. The initial combined model included 30 extracted variables; however 5 terminal variables (malleolar valgus index, arch height index while sitting, first metatarsophalangeal joint laxity while standing, pressure-time integral and maximum contact area of medial arch) were able to correctly predict 80.7% of foot types. These remaining variables focused on specific foot characteristics (hindfoot alignment, arch height, midfoot mechanics, Windlass mechanism) that could be essential to discriminating foot type.
Sling-Based Exercise for External Rotator Muscles: Effects on Shoulder Profile in Young Recreational Tennis Players
Authors: Goulet Charles , Rogowski Isabelle 
Published: December 2016

Context:Tennis playing generates specific adaptations, particularly at the dominant shoulder. It remains to be established whether shoulder-strength balance can be restored by sling-based training for adolescent recreational tennis players.Objective:To investigate the effects of a sling-based exercise for shoulder external rotators on external rotator muscle strength, internal rotator muscle strength, glenohumeral range of motion, and tennis serve performance.Design:Test-retest design.Setting:Tennis training sports facilities.Participants:Twelve adolescent male players volunteered to participate in this study (age: 13.3 ± 0.5 y; height: 1.64 ± 0.07 m, mass: 51.7 ± 5.8 kg, International Tennis Number: 8).Intervention:The procedure spanned 10 wk. For the first 5 wk, players performed their regular training (RT) twice a week. For the last 5 wk, a sling-based exercise (SE) for strengthening the shoulder external rotator muscles was added to their RT.Main Outcome Measures:Maximal isometric strength of shoulder external and internal rotator muscles and glenohumeral range of motion in external and internal rotation were assessed in both shoulders. Serve performance was also evaluated by accuracy and postimpact ball velocity using a radar gun.Results:No change was found in any measurement after the RT period. Significant increases in external (∼+5%;P < .001) and internal (∼+2%;P < .05) rotator muscle strength and in external/internal strength ratio (∼+4%;P < .001) were observed after the SE period. Serve velocity and accuracy were significantly improved after SE (∼+2% and ∼+24%, respectively;P < .05 for both), while no clinically meaningful alterations in range of motion were observed.Conclusions:Prophylactic intervention through SE for strengthening shoulder external rotator muscles appears effective in restoring strength balance at the dominant shoulder and may prevent adolescent tennis players from sustaining degenerative shoulder problems, which could later impair their performance of daily and work-related tasks.
Origin of giant dielectric permittivity and weak ferromagnetic behavior in (1−x)LaFeO3−xBaTiO3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) solid solutions
Authors: Sreenivasu T. , Tirupathi P. , Prabahar K. , Suryanarayana B. , Chandra Mouli K. 
Published: December 2016

The solid solutions of ([Formula: see text]) LaFeO3–[Formula: see text]BaTiO3 (0.0[Formula: see text]0.25) have been synthesized successfully by the conventional solid-state reaction method. Room temperature (RT) X-ray diffraction studies reveal the stabilization of orthorhombic phase with Pbnm space group. Complete solubility in the perovskite series was demonstrated up to [Formula: see text]. The dielectric permittivity shows colossal dielectric constant (CDC) at RT. The doping of BaTiO3 in LaFeO3 exhibit pronounced CDC up to a composition [Formula: see text], further it starts to decrease. The frequency-dependent dielectric loss exhibits polaronic conduction, which can attribute to presence of multiple valence of iron. The relaxation frequency and polaronic conduction mechanism was shifted towards RT as function of [Formula: see text]. Moreover, large magnetic moment with weak ferromagnetic behavior is observed in doped LaFeO3 solid solution, which might be the destruction of spin cycloid structure due to insertion of Ti in Fe–O–Fe network of LaFeO3.
Timing in Predictive Coding: The Roles of Task Relevance and Global Probability
Authors: Sherwell Chase , Garrido Marta I. , Cunnington Ross 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Predictive coding models of attention propose that attention and prediction operate synergistically to optimize perception, as reflected in interactive effects on early sensory neural responses. It is yet unclear whether attention and prediction based on the temporal attributes of expected events operate in a similar fashion. We investigated how attention and prediction based on timing interact by manipulating the task relevance and a priori probability of auditory stimulus onset timing within a go/no-go task while recording EEG. Preparatory activity, as indexed via the contingent negative variation, reflected temporally specific anticipation as a function of both attention and prediction. Higher stimulus probability led to significant predictive N1 suppression; however, we failed to find an effect of task relevance on N1 amplitude and an interaction of task relevance with prediction. We suggest the predictability of sensory timing is the predominant influence on early sensory responses where a priori probabilities allow for strong prior beliefs. When this is the case, we find that the effects of temporal prediction on early sensory responses are independent of the task relevance of sensory stimuli. Our findings contribute to the expansion of predictive coding frameworks to include the role of timing in sensory processing.
Parahippocampal and Entorhinal Resection Extent Predicts Verbal Memory Decline in an Epilepsy Surgery Cohort
Authors: Liu Anli , Thesen Thomas , Barr William , Morrison Chris , Dugan Patricia , Wang Xiuyuan , Meager Michael , Doyle Werner , Kuzniecky Ruben , Devinsky Orrin , Blackmon Karen 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The differential contribution of medial-temporal lobe regions to verbal declarative memory is debated within the neuroscience, neuropsychology, and cognitive psychology communities. We evaluate whether the extent of surgical resection within medial-temporal regions predicts longitudinal verbal learning and memory outcomes. This single-center retrospective observational study involved patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy undergoing unilateral anterior temporal lobe resection from 2007 to 2015. Thirty-two participants with Engel Class 1 and 2 outcomes were included (14 left, 18 right) and followed for a mean of 2.3 years after surgery (±1.5 years). Participants had baseline and postsurgical neuropsychological testing and high-resolution T1-weighted MRI scans. Postsurgical lesions were manually traced and coregistered to presurgical scans to precisely quantify resection extent of medial-temporal regions. Verbal learning and memory change scores were regressed on hippocampal, entorhinal, and parahippocampal resection volume after accounting for baseline performance. Overall, there were no significant differences in learning and memory change between patients who received left and right anterior temporal lobe resection. After controlling for baseline performance, the extent of left parahippocampal resection accounted for 27% (p = .021) of the variance in verbal short delay free recall. The extent of left entorhinal resection accounted for 37% (p = .004) of the variance in verbal short delay free recall. Our findings highlight the critical role that the left parahippocampal and entorhinal regions play in recall for verbal material.
RT-qPCR and RT-Digital PCR: A Comparison of Different Platforms for the Evaluation of Residual Disease in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Alikian Mary , Whale Alexandra S , Akiki Susanna , Piechocki Kim , Torrado Celia , Myint Thet , Cowen Simon , Griffiths Michael , Reid Alistair G , Apperley Jane , White Helen , Huggett Jim F , Foroni Letizia 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the cornerstone of successful clinical management of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Quantitative monitoring of the percentage of the fusion transcript BCR-ABL1 (breakpoint cluster region–c-abl oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase) BCR-ABL1IS (%BCR-ABL1IS) by reverse transcription–quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is the gold standard strategy for evaluating patient response to TKIs and classification into prognostic subgroups. However, this approach can be challenging to perform in a reproducible manner. Reverse-transcription digital PCR (RT-dPCR) is an adaptation of this method that could provide the robust and standardized workflow needed for truly standardized patient stratification.

METHODS
BCR-ABL1 and ABL1 transcript copy numbers were quantified in a total of 102 samples; 70 CML patients undergoing TKI therapy and 32 non-CML individuals. 3 commercially available digital PCR platforms (QS3D, QX200 and Raindrop) were compared with the platform routinely used in the clinic for RT-qPCR using the EAC (Europe Against Cancer) assay.

RESULTS
Measurements on all instruments correlated well when the %BCR-ABL1IS was ≥0.1%. In patients with residual disease below this level, greater variations were measured both within and between instruments limiting comparable performance to a 4 log dynamic range.

CONCLUSIONS
RT-dPCR was able to quantify low-level BCR-ABL1 transcript copies but was unable to improve sensitivity below the level of detection achieved by RT-qPCR. However, RT-dPCR was able to perform these sensitive measurements without use of a calibration curve. Adaptions to the protocol to increase the amount of RNA measured are likely to be necessary to improve the analytical sensitivity of BCR-ABL testing on a dPCR platform.
Biomarkers identification in Alzheimer’s disease using effective connectivity analysis from electroencephalography recordings
Authors: Suárez Revelo Jazmín Ximena , Ochoa Gomez John Fredy , Duque Grajales Jon Edinson , Tobón Quintero Carlos Andres 
Published: December 2016

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, which generally affects people over 65 years old. Some genetic mutations induce early onset of AD and help to track the evolution of the symptoms and the physiological changes at different stages of the disease. In Colombia there is a large family group with the PSEN1 E280A mutation with a median age of 46,8 years old for onset of symptoms. AD has been defined as a disconnection syndrome; consequently, network approaches could help to capture different features of the disease. The aim of the current work is to identify a biomarker in AD that helps in the tracking of the neurodegenerative process. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during the encoding of visual information for four groups of individuals: asymptomatic and mild cognitive impairment carriers of the PSEN1 E280A mutation, and two non-carrier control groups. For each individual, the effective connectivity was estimated using the direct Directed Transfer Function and three measurements from graph theory were extracted: input strength, output strength and total strength. A relation between the cognitive status and age of the participants with the connectivity features was calculated. For those connectivity measures in which there is a relation with the age or the clinical scale, the performance as a diagnostic feature was evaluated. We found that output strength connectivity in the right occipito-parietal region is related to age of the carrier groups (r=−0,54, p=0,0036) and has a high sensitivity and high specificity to distinguish between carriers and non-carriers (67% sensitivity and 80% specificity in asymptomatic cases, and 83% sensitivity and 67% specificity in symptomatic cases). This relationship indicates that output strength connectivity could be related to the neurodegenerative process of the disease and could help to track the conversion from the asymptomatic stage to dementia.