bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of MCP‐1 in pleural effusion development in a carrageenan‐induced murine model of pleurisy
Authors: Lansley Sally M. , Cheah Hui Min , Lee Y.C. Gary 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveExudative pleural effusions affect over 1500 patients per million population each year. The pathobiology of pleural exudate formation remains unclear. Our recent study revealed monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) as a key driver of fibrinolytic‐induced exudate effusion while another study found a role for MCP‐1 in malignant effusion formation. In the present study, we further evaluated the role of MCP‐1 in the development of pleural effusion in a mouse model of acute pleural inflammation.Methodsλ‐Carrageenan (CAR) was injected into the pleural cavity of CD1 mice and pleural effusion volume measured up to 16 h post‐injection. Pleural effusion and serum protein and MCP‐1 concentrations were measured and differential cell counts performed in fluids. Mice were also treated with either intraperitoneal (i) anti‐MCP‐1 antibody or isotype control or (ii) an MCP‐1 receptor (CCR2) antagonist or vehicle control 12 h prior to and at the time of CAR injection.ResultsIntrapleural CAR induced significant pleural fluid accumulation (300.0 ± 49.9 μL) in mice after 4 h. Pleural fluid MCP‐1 concentrations were significantly higher than corresponding serum MCP‐1 (144 603 ± 23 204 pg/mL vs 3703 ± 801 pg/mL, P < 0.0001). A significant decrease in pleural fluid formation was seen both with anti‐MCP‐1 antibody (median (interquartile range, IQR): 36 (0–168) μL vs controls 290 (70–436) μL; P = 0.02) or CCR2 antagonist (153 (30–222) μL vs controls 240 (151–331) μL, P = 0.0049).ConclusionsBlockade of MCP‐1 activity significantly reduced inflammatory pleural effusion formation in a CAR model. Together with recent successes in MCP‐1 blockade in other effusion formation models, our data strongly support clinical evaluation of MCP‐1 antagonists as a novel approach to pleural fluid management.
Deconstructing maternal sensitivity: Predictive relations to mother‐child attachment in home and laboratory settings
Authors: Bailey Heidi N. , Bernier Annie , Bouvette‐Turcot Andrée‐Anne , Tarabulsy George M. , Pederson David R. , Becker‐Stoll Fabienne 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDespite the well‐documented importance of parental sensitivity for child development, there is a lack of consensus regarding how best to assess it. We investigated the factor structure of maternal caregiving behavior as assessed at 12 months by the Maternal Behavior Q‐Sort (Pederson & Moran) with 274 mother‐infant dyads. Subsequently, we examined associations between these empirically‐derived dimensions and child attachment, assessed in the home and laboratory (final N = 157). Three dimensions of maternal behavior were identified, corresponding fairly closely to Ainsworth's original scales. They were labeled Cooperation/Attunement, Positivity, and Accessibility/Availability. Only Cooperation/Attunement consistently predicted home‐based attachment at 15 months and 2 years, and at comparable strength to the overall sensitivity score, suggesting that this construct may be central to sensitivity. At 18 months, compared to their primarily secure counterparts, different types of laboratory‐assessed insecure attachment were associated with different patterns of maternal behavior. Mothers in avoidant relationships (n = 18) were low on Cooperation/Attunement and Accessibility/Availability, but fairly high on Positivity. Mothers of disorganized infants (n = 11) were Cooperative/Attuned but somewhat less Positive toward, and less Accessible/Available to, their infants. A multidimensional approach to parental behavior may facilitate the identification of parenting precursors of insecure parent‐child relationships.
Analysis of morphological changes after facial massage by a novel approach using three‐dimensional computed tomography
Authors: Nishimura H. , Okuda I. , Kunizawa N. , Inoue T. , Nakajima Y. , Amano S. 
Published: November 2016

Background/purposePhotograph‐based visual scoring has been used for evaluation of facial morphological changes. Here, we describe a three‐dimensional computed tomography (3D‐CT) method for objective analysis of facial and intra‐facial (subcutaneous) changes. The effects of facial massage were examined using both methods.MethodsSubjects were 12 healthy female volunteers without facial scars or deformation (age 30–54 years, mean 39.4 years). Photograph‐based scoring of massage‐induced morphological changes was done at the nasolabial folds, upper, lower and lateral cheeks and lower eyelids. For 3D‐CT evaluation, the virtual center axis (VCA) was set as the cranio‐caudal longitudinal line, and the VCA‐skin surface distances (VSDs) were measured. Massage‐induced changes of VSD were calculated (facial massage‐induced change rate, FMCR). Intra‐facial (subcutaneous) changes were also evaluated.ResultsPhotograph‐based scoring revealed marked morphological changes of the nasolabial folds after facial massage, and changes of the lower, upper and lateral cheeks and lower eyelid were also observed in more than half of the subjects. FMCR values were significantly changed in the paranasal area, nasolabial fold area and cranial part of the mandibular area. Photograph‐based scores at the lower cheek and lower eyelid were well correlated with FMCR in the inferior part of the nasolabial fold and the mandibular area, respectively. Massage‐induced changes of subcutaneous fat tissues and facial expression muscles were also apparent on CT images.Conclusion3D‐CT imaging is useful for objective evaluation of the effects of facial massage, including anatomical changes in subcutaneous structures.
The role of community composition in grassland response to two methods of exotic forb removal
Authors: Heckman R W , McColley C , Slater M N , Carr D E 
Published: November 2016

SummaryInvasive plants can seriously threaten biodiversity and ecosystem function. Thus, controlling the abundance and mitigating the deleterious effects of invasive plants is imperative. The effectiveness of removal methods could vary based on potential damage to non‐target species and on the ecological context of invasion. For example, species‐poor communities might benefit disproportionately from invasive removal because they tend to be more heavily invaded than species‐rich communities. In this study, we tested the efficacy of two common methods of invasive plant control, hand removal and 2,4‐D herbicide application, against the invasive forb, Galium verum. We further tested whether the community response to G. verum removal varied across communities that differed in native grass richness (one, three or six species) and composition. Grass diversity did not interact with G. verum removal to influence any response. Instead, hand removal and herbicide application each reduced G. verum stem density by >50% relative to controls. Furthermore, hand removal of G. verum increased species richness by 25% relative to controls and herbicide‐sprayed plots. Despite this benefit, hand removal is labour‐intensive and impractical for large areas. These results also suggest that applying herbicide may control G. verum spread without substantially reducing forb diversity in invaded tallgrass prairie. Thus, herbicide application may be most suitable for grasslands with low native forb diversity, especially in managed grasslands and pastures where maintaining native forb diversity is a lower priority than maintaining high grass productivity.
Mucosal BCG Vaccination Induces Protective Lung-Resident Memory T Cell Populations against Tuberculosis
Authors: Perdomo Carolina , Zedler Ulrike , Kühl Anja A. , Lozza Laura , Saikali Philippe , Sander Leif E. , Vogelzang Alexis , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. , Kupz Andreas 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium bovis
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), yet its moderate efficacy against pulmonary TB calls for improved vaccination strategies. Mucosal BCG vaccination generates superior protection against TB in animal models; however, the mechanisms of protection remain elusive. Tissue-resident memory T (T
RM
) cells have been implicated in protective immune responses against viral infections, but the role of T
RM
cells following mycobacterial infection is unknown. Using a mouse model of TB, we compared protection and lung cellular infiltrates of parenteral and mucosal BCG vaccination. Adoptive transfer and gene expression analyses of lung airway cells were performed to determine the protective capacities and phenotypes of different memory T cell subsets. In comparison to subcutaneous vaccination, intratracheal and intranasal BCG vaccination generated T effector memory and T
RM
cells in the lung, as defined by surface marker phenotype. Adoptive mucosal transfer of these airway-resident memory T cells into naive mice mediated protection against TB. Whereas airway-resident memory CD4
+
T cells displayed a mixture of effector and regulatory phenotype, airway-resident memory CD8
+
T cells displayed prototypical T
RM
features. Our data demonstrate a key role for mucosal vaccination-induced airway-resident T cells in the host defense against pulmonary TB. These results have direct implications for the design of refined vaccination strategies.

IMPORTANCE
BCG remains the only licensed vaccine against TB. Parenterally administered BCG has variable efficacy against pulmonary TB, and thus, improved prevention strategies and a more refined understanding of correlates of vaccine protection are required. Induction of memory T cells has been shown to be essential for protective TB vaccines. Mimicking the natural infection route by mucosal vaccination has been known to generate superior protection against TB in animal models; however, the mechanisms of protection have remained elusive. Here we performed an in-depth analysis to dissect the immunological mechanisms associated with superior mucosal protection in the mouse model of TB. We found that mucosal, and not subcutaneous, BCG vaccination generates lung-resident memory T cell populations that confer protection against pulmonary TB. We establish a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of these populations, providing a framework for future vaccine development.
Functional Interplay Between Murine Leukemia Virus Glycogag, Serinc5, and Surface Glycoprotein Governs Virus Entry, with Opposite Effects on Gammaretroviral and Ebolavirus Glycoproteins
Authors: Ahi Yadvinder S. , Zhang Shu , Thappeta Yashna , Denman Audrey , Feizpour Amin , Gummuluru Suryaram , Reinhard Bjoern , Muriaux Delphine , Fivash Matthew J. , Rein Alan 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Gammaretroviruses, such as murine leukemia viruses (MLVs), encode, in addition to the canonical Gag, Pol, and Env proteins that will form progeny virus particles, a protein called “glycogag” (glycosylated Gag). MLV glycogag contains the entire Gag sequence plus an 88-residue N-terminal extension. It has recently been reported that glycogag, like the Nef protein of HIV-1, counteracts the antiviral effects of the cellular protein Serinc5. We have found, in agreement with prior work, that glycogag strongly enhances the infectivity of MLVs with some Env proteins but not those with others. In contrast, however, glycogag was detrimental to MLVs carrying Ebolavirus glycoprotein. Glycogag could be replaced, with respect to viral infectivity, by the unrelated S2 protein of equine infectious anemia virus. We devised an assay for viral entry in which virus particles deliver the Cre recombinase into cells, leading to the expression of a reporter. Data from this assay showed that both the positive and the negative effects of glycogag and S2 upon MLV infectivity are exerted at the level of virus entry. Moreover, transfection of the virus-producing cells with a Serinc5 expression plasmid reduced the infectivity and entry capability of MLV carrying xenotropic MLV Env, particularly in the absence of glycogag. Conversely, Serinc5 expression abrogated the negative effects of glycogag upon the infectivity and entry capability of MLV carrying Ebolavirus glycoprotein. As Serinc5 may influence cellular phospholipid metabolism, it seems possible that all of these effects on virus entry derive from changes in the lipid composition of viral membranes.

IMPORTANCE
Many murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) encode a protein called “glycogag.” The function of glycogag is not fully understood, but it can assist HIV-1 replication in the absence of the HIV-1 protein Nef under some circumstances. In turn, Nef counteracts the cellular protein Serinc5. Glycogag enhances the infectivity of MLVs with some but not all MLV Env proteins (which mediate viral entry into the host cell upon binding to cell surface receptors). We now report that glycogag acts by enhancing viral entry and that, like Nef, glycogag antagonizes Serinc5. Surprisingly, the effects of glycogag and Serinc5 upon the entry and infectivity of MLV particles carrying an Ebolavirus glycoprotein are the opposite of those observed with the MLV Env proteins. The unrelated S2 protein of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is functionally analogous to glycogag in our experiments. Thus, three retroviruses (HIV-1, MLV, and EIAV) have independently evolved accessory proteins that counteract Serinc5.
Father involvement in early child-rearing and behavioural outcomes in their pre-adolescent children: evidence from the ALSPAC UK birth cohort
Authors: Opondo Charles , Redshaw Maggie , Savage-McGlynn Emily , Quigley Maria A 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo explore the nature of paternal involvement in early child-rearing adopting a social developmental perspective, and estimate its effect on behavioural outcomes of children aged 9 and 11 years.SettingThe data come from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort recruited in the former county of Avon in the southwest of England.ParticipantsOut of the 14 701 children in this cohort who were alive at 1 year, 10 440 children were living with both parents at 8 months and were therefore eligible. Outcome data were available for 6898 children at 9 years and 6328 children at 11 years.Main exposurePaternal involvement was measured using factor scores obtained through factor analysis of fathers’ responses on their participation in, understanding of, and feelings about their child's early upbringing.OutcomeBehavioural problems were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) total difficulties score.Results3 factors were identified in the factor analysis: Factor 1 described fathers’ emotional response to the child; factor 2 measured the frequency of fathers’ involvement in domestic and childcare activities; factor 3 characterised fathers’ feelings of security in their role as parent and partner. Children of fathers with high scores on factors 1 and 3 had 14% (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.94, p=0.001) and 13% (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.96, p=0.006), respectively, lower adjusted odds of behavioural problems at 9 years. Factors 1 and 3 were associated with comparable reduction in adjusted odds of behavioural problems at 11 years (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.98, p=0.017 and OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.99, p=0.034, respectively). Factor 2 was not associated with the outcome.ConclusionsPsychological and emotional aspects of paternal involvement in children's early upbringing, particularly how new fathers see themselves as parents and adjust to the role, rather than the quantity of direct involvement in childcare, is associated with positive behavioural outcomes in children.
Low fitness, low body mass and prior injury predict injury risk during military recruit training: a prospective cohort study in the British Army
Authors: Robinson Mark , Siddall Andrew , Bilzon James , Thompson Dylan , Greeves Julie , Izard Rachel , Stokes Keith 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundInjuries sustained by military recruits during initial training impede training progression and military readiness while increasing financial costs. This study investigated training-related injuries and injury risk factors among British Army infantry recruits.MethodsRecruits starting infantry training at the British Army Infantry Training Centre between September 2008 and March 2010 were eligible to take part. Information regarding lifestyle behaviours and injury history was collected using the Military Pre-training Questionnaire. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, physical fitness and injury (lower limb and lower back) data were obtained from Army databases. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were used to explore the association between time to first training injury and potential risk factors.Results58% (95% CI 55% to 60%) of 1810 recruits sustained at least 1 injury during training. Overuse injuries were more common than traumatic injuries (65% and 35%, respectively). The lower leg accounted for 81% of all injuries, and non-specific soft tissue damage was the leading diagnosis (55% of all injuries). Injuries resulted in 122 (118 to 126) training days lost per 1000 person-days. Slower 2.4 km run time, low body mass, past injury and shin pain were independently associated with higher risk of any injury.ConclusionsThere was a high incidence of overuse injuries in British Army recruits undertaking infantry training. Recruits with lower pretraining fitness levels, low body mass and past injuries were at higher risk. Faster 2.4 km run time performance and minimal body mass standards should be considered for physical entry criteria.
Can patient-reported measurements of pain be used to improve cancer pain management? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adam Rosalind , Burton Christopher D , Bond Christine M , de Bruin Marijn , Murchie Peter 
Published: November 2016

PurposeCancer pain is a distressing and complex experience. It is feasible that the systematic collection and feedback of patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) relating to pain could enhance cancer pain management. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of interventions in which patient-reported pain data were collected and fed back to patients and/or professionals in order to improve cancer pain control.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched for randomised and non-randomised controlled trials in which patient-reported data were collected and fed back with the intention of improving pain management by adult patients or professionals. We conducted a narrative synthesis. We also conducted a meta-analysis of studies reporting pain intensity.Results29 reports from 22 trials of 20 interventions were included. PROM measures were used to alert physicians to poorly controlled pain, to target pain education and to link treatment to management algorithms. Few interventions were underpinned by explicit behavioural theories. Interventions were inconsistently applied or infrequently led to changes in treatment. Narrative synthesis suggested that feedback of PROM data tended to increase discussions between patients and professionals about pain and/or symptoms overall. Meta-analysis of 12 studies showed a reduction in average pain intensity in intervention group participants compared with controls (mean difference=−0.59 (95% CI −0.87 to −0.30)).ConclusionsInterventions that assess and feedback cancer pain data to patients and/or professionals have so far led to modest reductions in cancer pain intensity. Suggestions are given to inform and enhance future PROM feedback interventions.
The origin of ferromagnetism of Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles: Experiments and theory investigation
Authors: Zhang Suyin , Zhou Zhongpo , Xiong Rui , Shi Jing , Lu Zhihong , Wang Haiying 
Published: November 2016

A series of Ti[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method. The X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ruled out the signatures of Ti[Formula: see text], Co-clusters or any other oxides of Co. The ferromagnetic behavior was clearly observed at room temperature in doped samples with saturation magnetization [Formula: see text] of the order of 0.008–0.035 emu/g depending on doping concentrations. The saturation magnetization is found to be increased with the Co contents increasing from 1% to 7%. From the plot of the M–T curve, we obtain the [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]515 K for 5% Co-doped TiO2. Oxygen vacancies were detected from the photoluminescence (PL) measurement. Magnetic properties analyses and PL analyses showed that oxygen vacancies probably played a major role in ferromagnetism of the Ti[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]O2 system with Co substituting for Ti. The first-principles calculation was performed to investigate the magnetic properties of Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. It can be found that the major magnetic moment is from the 3d electron of Co. The experiment results are consistent with the first-principles calculation. The ferromagnetism derived from the spin-split of O-2p and Co-3d electron states caused by p–d orbit hybridization.
USING STARTUP COMMUNICATION FOR OPPORTUNITY RECOGNITION — AN APPROACH TO IDENTIFY FUTURE PRODUCT TRENDS
Authors: SIMON HAUKE , LEKER JENS 
Published: November 2016

A company’s ability to recognise early-stage opportunities and to understand the dynamics of emerging markets determines the success or failure of new products. Particularly the emergence of new information technology and social media networks provide ample opportunities to leverage a massive amount of data for managerial purposes. However, managers still meet using social media with skepticism and it is not fully understood how to make use of this information for new product development. We introduce a new method on how to use large-scale internet data as a complement to traditional approaches (patent or publication analysis and surveys) to overcome their shortcomings in terms of speed, dynamic and expense to conduct. More specifically, we propose that social media communication of startups can give valuable indications about future product trends especially in rapidly developing fields. Our approach measures the awareness of startups — and their products — as the increase of the communication about the startup on Twitter. Startup communication is a particularly well-suited indicator because startups develop new-to-the-world products or are in the development process. We illustrate our approach by analysing the communication of 545 startups. On a holistic level we determine industry trends. Fintech is among the topics that increase significantly in relevance. We determine more specific categories within the industries by applying cosine-similarity metrics and hierarchical cluster analysis. Subsequently we determine NPD relevant trends by the increase of retweets within these categories. The growing customer awareness of these clusters shows newly evolving customer needs. Incumbents may use this information to adjust to their current portfolio or to find collaboration partners to best meet upcoming challenges and opportunities. We think that the approach can be transferred to a multitude of fields, helping with the analysis of emerging fields and with early stage opportunity recognition.