bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplay between native plant performance and environment shapes resistance to aquatic plant invasion
Authors: Fan Shufeng , Lv Tian , Yu Haihao , Yang Lei , Wang Ligong , Li Yang , Liu Chunhua , Yu Dan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In the limited number of studies on biotic resistance in freshwater ecosystems, experimental studies have supported that native plants play a role in resisting exotic plant invasion, but field observations have often reported positive relationships between exotic and native plant richness.

To determine the reasons for the lack of evidence supporting biotic resistance in field observations, we surveyed the richness, biomass and coverage of exotic and native aquatic plants in 2801 quadrats at 287 sites in various freshwater ecosystems of China and examined the impacts of scale and environmental factors on the relationships between native and exotic plant richness and performance.

At both the site and quadrat scales, we observed a positive correlation between the richness of exotic and native plants. However, at the quadrat scale, high native plant richness was associated with a reduction in the biomass of exotic emergent and floating plants as well as the biomass of exotic submerged plants in low‐nutrient water bodies. An increase in native plant performance, a metric that integrates the biomass and coverage of native plants, was associated with a decrease in both the richness and biomass of exotic plants at both scales. Furthermore, with increasing native plant performance at the quadrat scale, the richness of exotic plants declined more strongly in low‐nutrient water bodies than in high‐nutrient water bodies, and the decline in the biomass of exotic emergent and floating plants was more severe in shallow water than in deep water.

Synthesis. Our results indicate that native plant performance is more important than richness for resistance to invasion in freshwater ecosystems, and the strength of biotic resistance is related to environmental factors. This study highlights the importance of environmental variables and multiple native community features and invasibility metrics in field observational studies of invasion.
Decarbonising the Australian Economy Introduction
Authors: Jensen Paul H. , Webster Beth 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor most of the last 15 years, Australia policy on climate change has been decidedly underwhelming, leaving us behind where we need to be to fulfil our obligations under the Paris Accord. But there are encouraging signs at present that there is an emerging consensus—amongst captains of industry, different levels of government, policy‐makers and everyday Australians—that we can achieve our ambitions to live in a world that is far less reliant on carbon.
Disclosure, Patenting, and Trade Secrecy
Authors: BOOT ARNOUD , VLADIMIROV VLADIMIR 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPatent applications often reveal proprietary information to competitors, but does such disclosure harm firms or also benefit them? We develop and empirically support a theory showing that when firms patent enhancements to incumbent, nondisruptive technologies, they can cooperate more easily on these technologies, increasing their profitability. The downside of cooperating on nondisruptive technologies is that the investment in and commitment to disruptive technologies decline. To improve their commitment to disruptive technologies, some firms rely more on trade secrecy. We provide empirical support for these predictions. We document that after a patent reform that made information about patent applications widely accessible, firms cooperate more and charge higher markups. Furthermore, the nature of patented innovation has changed, with the proportion of nondisruptive patents increasing substantially. Finally, while some firms start patenting more, others patent less and rely more on trade secrecy, with the response depending on the attractiveness of firms' innovation prospects.
From Food Industry 4.0 to Food Industry 5.0: Identifying technological enablers and potential future applications in the food sector
Authors: Hassoun Abdo , Jagtap Sandeep , Trollman Hana , Garcia‐Garcia Guillermo , Duong Linh N. K. , Saxena Prateek , Bouzembrak Yamine , Treiblmaier Horst , Para‐López Carlos , Carmona‐Torres Carmen , Dev Kapal , Mhlanga David , Aït‐Kaddour Abderrahmane 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough several food‐related fields have yet to fully grasp the speed and breadth of the fourth industrial revolution (also known as Industry 4.0), growing literature from other sectors shows that Industry 5.0 (referring to the fifth industrial revolution) is already underway. Food Industry 4.0 has been characterized by the fusion of physical, digital, and biological advances in food science and technology, whereas future Food Industry 5.0 could be seen as a more holistic, multidisciplinary, and multidimensional approach. This review will focus on identifying potential enabling technologies of Industry 5.0 that could be harnessed to shape the future of food in the coming years. We will review the state‐of‐the‐art studies on the use of innovative technologies in various food and agriculture applications over the last 5 years. In addition, opportunities and challenges will be highlighted, and future directions and conclusions will be drawn. Preliminary evidence suggests that Industry 5.0 is the outcome of an evolutionary process and not of a revolution, as is often claimed. Our results show that regenerative and/or conversational artificial intelligence, the Internet of Everything, miniaturized and nanosensors, 4D printing and beyond, cobots and advanced drones, edge computing, redactable blockchain, metaverse and immersive techniques, cyber‐physical systems, digital twins, and sixth‐generation wireless and beyond are likely to be among the main driving technologies of Food Industry 5.0. Although the framework, vision, and value of Industry 5.0 are becoming popular research topics in various academic and industrial fields, the agri‐food sector has just started to embrace some aspects and dimensions of Industry 5.0.
Smart conducting polymer innovations for sustainable and safe food packaging technologies
Authors: El Guerraf Abdelqader , Ziani Imane , Ben Jadi Sana , El Bachiri Ali , Bazzaoui Mohammed , Bazzaoui El Arbi , Sher Farooq 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBiofilm formation on food packaging surfaces is a major issue in the industry, as it leads to contamination, reduces shelf life, and poses risks to human health. To mitigate these effects, developing smart coatings that can actively sense and combat microbial growth has become a critical research focus. This study is motivated by the need for intelligent packaging solutions that integrate antimicrobial agents and sensors for real‐time contamination detection. It is hypothesized that combining conducting polymers (CPs) with nanomaterials can enhance antimicrobial efficacy while maintaining the mechanical integrity and environmental stability required for food packaging applications. Through the application of numerous technologies like surface modification, CP–nanoparticle integration, and multilayered coating, the antimicrobial performance and sensor capabilities of these materials were analyzed. Case studies showed a 90% inhibition of bacterial growth and a tenfold decrease in viable bacterial counts with AgNPs incorporation, extending strawberries’ shelf life by 40% and maintaining fish freshness for an additional 5 days. Moreover, multilayered CP coatings in complex systems have been shown to reduce oxidative spoilage in nuts and dried fruits by up to 85%, while maintaining the quality of leafy greens for up to 3 weeks under suboptimal conditions. Environmental assessments indicated a 30% reduction in carbon footprint when CP coatings were combined with biodegradable polymers, contributing to a more transparent and reliable food supply chain. CP‐based films integrated with intelligent sensors exhibit high sensitivity, detecting ammonia concentrations below 500 ppb, and offer significant selectivity for sensing hazardous gases. These findings indicate that CP‐based smart coatings markedly enhance food safety and sustainability in packaging applications.
Green extraction and partial purification of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extracts with high amounts of phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial effects
Authors: Chongwilaikasem Namthip , Sithisarn Patchima , Rojsanga Piyanuch , Sithisarn Pongtip 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to develop roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extracts with high amounts of phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial effects using green extraction technique. Roselle extract prepared by ultrasonic extraction with 80% ethanol and 1% hydrochloric acid (RSUEH) promoted the highest yield and high total phenolic (5.21 ± 0.05 g% gallic acid equivalent of dried extract), total flavonoid (1.29 ± 0.06 g% quercetin equivalent of dried extract), and total anthocyanin contents (0.21 ± 0.00 and 0.44 ± 0.00 g% cyanidin 3‐glucoside equivalent of dried extract determined by pH‐differential method with standard calculation and pH‐differential method with standard curve of cyanidin 3‐glucoside, respectively). From the validated high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis, delphinidin‐3‐sambubioside, delphinidin‐3‐glucoside, and cyanidin‐3‐glucoside were found to be the major anthocyanins in roselle extract. This extract exhibited moderate 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effect (EC50 289.61 ± 0.16 µg/mL) and strong inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the range of 0.15 ± 0.05 to 4.64 ± 0.07 mg/mL and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 1.66 ± 0.06 to 7.11 ± 1.05 mg/mL. From partial purification, fraction 28 (F28) contained higher amounts of all analyzed phytochemicals than roselle extracts and promoted stronger DPPH scavenging effects (EC50 54.88 ± 2.23 µg/mL). F28 showed antibacterial activity with IC50 values against all tested bacteria in the range of 0.19 ± 0.07 to 4.69 ± 0.09 mg/mL, and the MIC values ranged from 2.46 ± 0.08 to 6.24 ± 0.09 mg/mL.
Effect of NaCl partial replacement by KCl, Ca‐ascorbate, and spent hen meat hydrolysate on the physicochemical properties and quality of Cantonese sausage
Authors: Chen Ruixia , Xiang Junyi , Liu Xiao‐Chen , Yao Xianqi , Tomasevic Igor , Wang Wei , Sun Weizheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA large amount of NaCl is usually used to provide a unique flavor and extend the shelf life of meat products. However, excessive sodium intake may cause diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. Spent hen meat hydrolysate (SHH) as an efficient NaCl substitute was developed with inefficient research related to SHH application in food systems. Therefore, the effects of NaCl replacement with SHH, KCl, and Ca‐ascorbate on the quality of low‐sodium Cantonese sausage were investigated. Four groups of salt formulation, I (100% NaCl), II (NaCl/KCl/Ca‐ascorbate = 60%/30%/10%), III (NaCl/KCl/Ca‐ascorbate/SHH = 50%/30%/10%/10%), and IV (NaCl/KCl/Ca‐ascorbate/SHH = 30%/30%/10%/30%), were used to produce Cantonese sausages. The moisture and nitrite content decreased, the microbiological growth was inhibited, and the protein content increased after adding SHH for Cantonese sausages with NaCl substitution degrees of 50% and 70%. The saltiness, overall flavor, color, and texture of low‐sodium Cantonese sausages with SHH were maintained or improved compared to the Cantonese sausage without sodium replacement. The proportion of peptides with molecular weight <1 kDa in Cantonese sausages increased after adding SHH, which may improve the overall flavor by interacting with peptides or other compounds. SHH combined with KCl and Ca‐ascorbate is an efficient NaCl substitute, which can maintain and even improve Cantonese sausage quality and reduce sodium content up to 70%. These findings offer a promising reference for SHH application in the food industry and promote the development of salt taste–enhancing hydrolysate in food science.
Assessment of quality and antioxidant capacity of peach in response to different UV‐C dose irradiation
Authors: Han Shuai , Wang Xu , Cong Haihua , Wu Youzhi , Cai Hongfang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe effects of different doses of UV‐C irradiation (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 kJ m−2) on the quality and antioxidant capacity of peach fruit were examined. Results showed that irradiation at 2.0 kJ m−2 led to higher firmness and total soluble solids, as well as lower weight loss and decay index. Additionally, peach fruits irradiated with 2.0 kJ m−2 UV‐C exhibited increased production of reactive oxygen species, which in turn stimulated the synthesis of total phenolics and total flavonoids and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Overall, the best abiotic stress effect was observed with 2.0 kJ m−2 UV‐C irradiation, resulting in improved shelf quality and increased antioxidant capacity of peach fruits during storage.Practical ApplicationThis study provides a theoretical basis for the application of UV‐C irradiation in peach fruit preservation.
Cultivating complexity: Advancements in establishing in vitro models for the mucus‐adhering gut microbiota
Authors: Calvigioni Marco , Mazzantini Diletta , Celandroni Francesco , Vozzi Giovanni , Ghelardi Emilia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA healthy mucus is essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and overall well‐being. In recent years, extensive research focused on understanding the intricate interactions between mucus and the gut microbiota. Mucus‐adhering bacteria play crucial roles in preserving barrier integrity, epithelial permeability and mucus architecture, as well as in the colonization resistance against pathogens. Unravelling the significance of these microorganisms in human health and disease is challenging, primarily because most of the studies on the human gut microbiota rely on faecal samples, which do not fully represent the microecological complexity found in the intestinal mucosa. This review discusses novel strategies to specifically target and evaluate the mucosal microbiota, such as culturomics applied to mucosal biopsies or brushings, intestinal organoids and artificial in vitro models incorporating mucus.
Luteinizing hormone is independently associated with high‐sensitive cardiac troponin T elevation in postmenopausal T2DM patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Yahao , Li Yixuan , Liu Chuanfeng , Wang Yangang , Li Yiming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundIt is known that the risk of ischemic heart disease increases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). For female patients, the incidence of heart disease can be even greater after menopause, accompanied by dramatic changes in sex hormones. We investigated the correlations between sex hormones and markers of ischemic heart diseases in postmenopausal females with T2DM patients.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study collected data from 324 hospitalized postmenopausal females with T2DM. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the correlations between sex hormones and cardiac markers including high‐sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) and N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels.ResultsMultiple linear regression analyses revealed that luteinizing hormone (LH) was positively and independently associated with hs‐cTnT concentrations in postmenopausal females with T2DM (β = 0.189, p = 0.002). Postmenopausal females with T2DM and subclinical myocardial injury had higher LH levels than those without subclinical myocardial injury (29.67 vs. 25.08 mIU/mL, p < 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed an independent and significant association between elevated LH and subclinical myocardial injury in postmenopausal females with T2DM (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.077, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.033–1.124; p < 0.001). As another gonadotropin, the follicle‐stimulating hormone did not show independent correlations with hs‐cTnT or NT‐proBNP (p > 0.05). Neither estrogen nor testosterone was correlated with cardiac markers.ConclusionsElevated LH levels were positively and independently associated with increased hs‐cTnT levels in postmenopausal women with T2DM. Our findings suggest that LH could serve as a potential marker for assessing the risk of subclinical myocardial injury in postmenopausal females with T2DM.image
Protective effect of regular physical activity against diabetes‐related lower extremity amputation
Authors: Kim Jae Won , Han Kyung‐Do , Kim Jun Hyeok , Lee Yoon Jae 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundFoot ulcers are a major complication of diabetes mellitus that increase morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes, affect their quality of life, and increase the overall social burden. A considerable number of patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) require amputations every year.MethodsThis nation population–based study included 1 923 483 patients with diabetes who underwent regular health screening through the National Health Insurance Service during January 2009 and December 2012. We investigated the association between changes in physical activity (PA) status and the incidence of lower extremity amputation (LEA). Based on changes in PA status, participants were categorized into four groups: “remained inactive,” “remained active,” “active‐to‐inactive,” and “inactive‐to‐active.”ResultsRegular PA is an independent factor associated with a decreased risk of LEA in patients with diabetes. During the follow‐up period, 0.23% (n = 4454) of the patients underwent LEA. Compared with the “remained inactive” group, the “remained active” group were at the lowest risk of LEA (adjusted hazard ratio 0.5888; 95% confidence interval 0.524–0.66). A protective effect of regular PA against LEA was observed in the “remaining active” group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a protective role of PA against LEA in individuals with diabetes. This highlights the importance of recommending appropriate levels of PA for patients with diabetes. The study also showed a dose–response relationship, indicating that engaging in vigorous‐intensity PA was most beneficial, and higher amounts of PA may provide additional benefits.image
The potential adverse effects of hypodermic glucagon‐like peptide ‐1 receptor agonist on patients with type 2 diabetes: A population‐based study
Authors: Cheng Zhiyuan , Wang Shuang , Li Fu‐rong , Jin Cheng , Mo Chunbao , Zheng Jing , Li Xia , Liang Fengchao , Yang Jinkui , Gu Dongfeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs), a class of injectable antidiabetic drugs, have shown significant efficacies in improving glycemic and weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the long‐term safety of GLP‐1 RAs remains insufficiently studied. This study aimed to provide real‐world evidence on potential adverse outcomes associated with GLP‐1 RAs use in T2D patients without major chronic diseases including impaired cardiac or renal function.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 7746 T2D patients on GLP‐1 RAs in Shenzhen, China. They were compared with 124 371 metformin‐only users and 36 146 insulin‐only users, forming two therapy control groups. GLP‐1 RAs users were also further 1:2 paired with the control groups. Competing risk survival analyses were conducted to assess the incidence risks, presenting subdistributional hazard ratios (sHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for various adverse outcomes associated with GLP‐1 RAs use.ResultsCompared with metformin‐only users, GLP‐1 RAs use was associated with increased risks of various adverse outcomes (sHRs with 95% CIs), including pancreatitis (2.01, 1.24–3.24), acute nephritis (3.20, 2.17–4.70), kidney failure (3.73, 2.74–5.08), thyroid cancer (2.25, 1.23–4.10), and thyroid dysfunction (1.27, 1.00–1.63), respectively; Similar results were also found when compared with insulin‐only users. Importantly, long‐term (≥12 months) GLP‐1 RAs use may further elevate the incidence risks of pancreatitis, acute nephritis, thyroid cancer, and thyroid dysfunction.ConclusionCompared with traditional T2D treatments, GLP‐1 RAs use may be associated with increased risks of various adverse outcomes in a Chinese population. Cautions were strongly warranted in the use of GLP‐1 RAs. Further validation is crucial across diverse populations.image
Three Novel Spider Genomes Unveil Spidroin Diversification and Hox Cluster Architecture: Ryuthela nishihirai (Liphistiidae), Uloborus plumipes (Uloboridae) and Cheiracanthium punctorium (Cheiracanthiidae)
Authors: Schöneberg Yannis , Audisio Tracy Lynn , Ben Hamadou Alexander , Forman Martin , Král Jiří , Kořínková Tereza , Líznarová Eva , Mayer Christoph , Prokopcová Lenka , Krehenwinkel Henrik , Prost Stefan , Kennedy Susan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSpiders are a hyperdiverse taxon and among the most abundant predators in nearly all terrestrial habitats. Their success is often attributed to key developments in their evolution such as silk and venom production and major apomorphies such as a whole‐genome duplication. Resolving deep relationships within the spider tree of life has been historically challenging, making it difficult to measure the relative importance of these novelties for spider evolution. Whole‐genome data offer an essential resource in these efforts, but also for functional genomic studies. Here, we present de novo assemblies for three spider species: Ryuthela nishihirai (Liphistiidae), a representative of the ancient Mesothelae, the suborder that is sister to all other extant spiders; Uloborus plumipes (Uloboridae), a cribellate orbweaver whose phylogenetic placement is especially challenging; and Cheiracanthium punctorium (Cheiracanthiidae), which represents only the second family to be sequenced in the hyperdiverse Dionycha clade. These genomes fill critical gaps in the spider tree of life. Using these novel genomes along with 25 previously published ones, we examine the evolutionary history of spidroin gene and structural hox cluster diversity. Our assemblies provide critical genomic resources to facilitate deeper investigations into spider evolution. The near chromosome‐level genome of the ‘living fossil’ R. nishihirai represents an especially important step forward, offering new insights into the origins of spider traits.
An aggregative approach to pricing equilibrium among multi‐product firms with nested demand
Authors: Garrido Francisco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractI show equilibrium existence for a price‐setting game among multi‐product firms facing a nested logit/CES demand. As opposed to previous research I allow arbitrary firm/nest overlap, making the result relevant for applied work. Additionally, under easy‐to‐verify conditions, I show that there exist extreme equilibria, which are the most and least preferred by consumers, and provide an algorithm to find them. This allows researcher to numerically verify equilibrium uniqueness in applications, that is, if the extreme equilibria are equal to each other. As a by‐product, I show that inverting FOCs correctly identifies the marginal costs that rationalize observed prices.