bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study of a Symmetrical Aerofoil with a Rear Suction Slot and a Retractable Flap
Authors: Heughan D. M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryExperiments were made on an aerofoil of 25 per cent, thickness with a suction slot at the rear and a flap that could be withdrawn into the slot. The main object of the work was to investigate the effect of withdrawing the flap when all the air in the boundary layer was sucked into the slot. In particular, as a test of the type of anti-gust device proposed by Thwaites, it was required to observe the change of lift that occurred during withdrawal of the flap and a subsequent change of incidence (with the flap still withdrawn).The flow was investigated by the use of smoke and tufts, by pressure plotting on the surface of the aerofoil, and by measurements of total and static pressures in the wake. The effects of varying incidence, flap position, and suction velocity were investigated.It was found that the provision of a flap downstream of the enclosing streamline, so that the rear stagnation point was not in the free fluid, was all important in relation to the behaviour of an aerofoil which had a suction slot at its rounded rear.With the flap extended beyond the enclosing streamline and with the ratio of suction-slot velocity to free stream velocity higher than the theoretical value, a stable flow was obtained within the theoretical incidence range. A favourable pressure gradient was observed in the slot entry and no measureable wake existed downstream of the flap. Smoke filaments, emitted from a tube projecting from the slot slightly beyond the enclosing streamline, travelled far downstream with apparently little diffusion.When the flap was placed so that its trailing edge was inside the enclosing streamline, i.e. so that there was in theory a stagnation point in the free fluid, an instability of a three-dimensional character occurred, with a wide wake and a large drag coefficient. The lift curves were unusual and it was found that movement of the flap caused a large change of lift coefficient. There was no evidence that the lift could be maintained constant, independent of incidence, when the flap was withdrawn into the slot.
The Bending of Some Common Beam Sections into the Plastic Range
Authors: Barrett Anthony J. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThere is already in existence a fair volume of work on the subject of bending beyond the limit of proportionality, most of which requires the use of actual material stress-strain curves. This note aims to examine the problem in a more general way by using an accurate mathematical form for the stress-strain curve, strain and bending moments being expressed as functions of the ratios of various properties of the material.The value of maximum permissible fibre stress is considered in relation to current requirements for military aircraft stressing and a guide is presented for the maximum permissible bending moment in some of the more familiar beam cross sections bending about an axis of symmetry.
The Application of Air Survey to the Economic Development of a Country
Authors: Weatherhead T. D. 
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this paper is to attempt a broad review of some of the factors that influence the economic development of a country and to illustrate in general terms the importance and the application of airborne survey techniques, as a means of collecting the information on which any sound development must be based.The industrial and agricultural revolution that is now taking place on a world-wide scale demands a completely new approach to the problem of economic development. When economic development was slow and confined to small areas it was sufficient perhaps to base that development on limited information. Today, however, the pace is quickening every year, but the speed with which we are obtaining the information, on which such development must be based, is lagging behind.Why is the present position different from any other epoch in world history? The main cause is the industrial revolution, which has produced rapid means of communication, by air and by radio. The Twentieth Century now lives literally as neighbour to the Stone Age.
The Resistance to Air Flow of Wire Gauzes
Authors: Annand W. J. D. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryWire gauzes are used in air duct systems and wind tunnels for many purposes. Methods of estimating the pressure loss through a gauze currently available are often found in practice to be unsatisfactory. In this paper data obtained by several experimenters are correlated. It is shown that the effect of Reynolds number on pressure drop is similar for a large range of gauze porosities. An empirical method of estimation of the pressure drop is given which can be used with confidence for gauzes of porosity (defined as the proportion of area not blocked by the wires) from 0·27 to 1·00, and over a range of Reynolds number, based on approach velocity and wire diameter, from 20 to 600.
Sir George Cayley, Bart.|The Father of British Aeronautics
Authors: Pritchard J. Laurence 
Published: August 2016

The True Balance of a man's worth cannot be struck by a knowledge, however full, of only one of his activities.I do not propose to confine myself to Cayley's aeronautical activities in this paper, for that would be to do much less than justice to a man whose interests, when known and understood, can only add to the stature of a great Yorkshireman and a great Englishman, one, to quote William Cobbett, “of the resident native gentry, attached to the soil, known to every farmer and labourer from their childhood, frequently mixing with them in those pursuits where all artificial distinctions are lost, practising hospitality without ceremony, from habit and not on calculation.”Sir Walter Raleigh, in his introduction to the History of the War in the Air (1914-1918), referred to Cayley as one who “amused his leisure with science.” Raleigh was not aware and, indeed, very few who know something of Cayley's aeronautical work are aware, of how active was the interest Cayley took in scientific and engineering matters during his long life. I hope in this paper to add something to Cayley's stature, great as it is, in this respect.
The Structural Aspects of Jet Noise
Authors: Wolfe M. O. W. 
Published: August 2016

The increase in jet engine thrust has been accompanied by an increase in the noise generated by the jet stream to such an extent that the associated noise pressures are now capable of exciting vibrations in an aircraft structure which are potentially dangerous from the fatigue aspect. Several examples of fatigue damage of this kind have appeared already on aircraft in this country and in the United States.The noise generated by a gaseous jet arises principally from disturbances caused by high velocity gradients at the jet boundary. Classical theoretical work on noise generated in this way has been done by Professor Lighthill. He introduced the concept of an “acoustic quadropole” as the elementary sound generator, and showed mathematically that the total acoustical power radiated by a jet varies directly as the eighth power of the jet exit velocity and the second power of the jet exit diameter.
The Provision of Aerodrome Obstruction Data for Rational Code Civil Air Transport Operations
Authors: Petts F. C. 
Published: August 2016

The introduction of rational performance requirements governing the operation of civil transport aircraft has given rise to a need for accurate and detailed information on obstructions in the vicinity of aerodromes. This paper states the origin and nature of the requirement and describes a survey technique, a particular application of terrestrial photogrammetry, which was used to meet it.In the United Kingdom and in other member countries of the International Civil Aviation Organisation considerable progress has been made towards the rationalisation of performance requirements governing the operation of civil transport aircraft.
Some Aspects of Modern Naval Aircraft Design
Authors: Hollis Williams D. L. 
Published: August 2016

It is almost four years since a series of papers on Naval Aviation was presented to the Royal Aeronautical Society in the full day session held on 7th May 1947. The first paper in that series, “Technical Problems of the Design of Naval Aircraft,” read by W. S. Farren, stated the fundamental problems clearly.During the intervening years, the general trends in aerodynamic and power plant development have been reflected in the design of carrier-borne aircraft and are beginning to stabilise into a recognisable pattern. Thus, turbo jet and turbo-propeller engines are now accepted for Service use, there has been general aerodynamic improvement including the suppression of drag arising from the carriage of stores, and it is normal to find that prototypes are mounted on a nose-wheel type undercarriage.
Some Recent Developments in the Design of Rigid Airships
Authors: Sandford W. T. 
Published: August 2016

This paper is primarily intended to stimulate discussion on a subject of increasing interest to aeronautical students and of rapidly growing interest to commercial aeronautics. It must not by any means, therefore, be looked upon as a complete analysis of the subject, but rather as an introduction to the most important questions arising in recent development.In considering this question we must first define the particular requirements of the large rigid airship. The airship must be looked upon with regard to the aeroplane rather as the ocean liner is looked upon with regard to the express train and not in any sense as a rival of the aeroplane. They each have their own distinctive duty.Any commercial system depends upon safety and reliability. The airship designer has, therefore, the problem of making a structure safe under any conditions of flight and having a minimum ratio of structural weight to useful weight per horse-power.
Research on Channel Wall Interference
Authors: Parkin J. H. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAn investigation of channel wall interference with the object of verifying experimentally the accuracy of the results given by the theory developed by Prandtl and extended by Glauert. Tests were made, with cylinders and aerofoils, using the “ mirror ” method, for some ten different channel sizes. The results show :1.The presence of the channel walls results in an increase in the drag of a symmetrical body, such as a cylinder.2.Agreement with the theoretial corrections for incidence and drag for channels of reasonable size.3.The extent and nature of the wall interference effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of aerofoils in much restricted streams, beyond the limits of applicability of the theory.
Aeronautical Research in Sweden
Authors: Ångström Tord. K. 
Published: August 2016

This paper contains a report on the principal aeronautical research work carried out by the Aeronautical Committee of the Royal Swedish Institute for Scientific Industrial Research.
The Royal Swedish Institute for Scientific Industrial Research in 1925 appointed an Aeronautical Committee with the object of promoting–scientific technical research work and general development work in the field of aeronautics. In the first place work has been concentrated on such problems in aeronautics which are of particular importance with regard to special Swedish conditions.
The Aeronautical Committee has been concerned in establishing an aeronautical chair, combined with an aeronautical laboratory, at the Royal Technical University in Stockholm. The aeronautical professorship is now established by Parliament, and a professor will shortly be appointed. The establishment of the aeronautical laboratory has been postponed for the present, but there is hardly any doubt that the laboratory will be in being within the next few years.
‘Exception française’: splendeurs et misères of a formula
Authors: PEETERS BERT 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTUsed at first with their original (definite) article, the phrasesexception françaiseandfin de l'exception françaisegained instant notoriety after the publication of Furet, Julliard and Rosanvallon's 1988 bookLa République du centre: La fin de l'exception française. Before too long, the shorter phrase, which (contrary to what is sometimes asserted) was already in existence, also started occurring without the article, with other determiners, and in the plural. This paper details some of thesplendeurs et misères(including progressive trivialization) of both the longer and the shorter phrase, thought of as exponents of a singleformula.
Epidemiology and Genetics of OCD: A Review and Discussion of Future Directions for Research
Authors: Black Donald W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe author reviews both the epidemiology and the genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). A relatively common disorder, OCD has an onset in late adolescence or early adulthood. Its gender distribution is nearly equal, although women are slightly more likely to develop the disorder. Usually chronic, OCD fluctuates depending on factors including the presence of depressed mood or stressful life events. OCD is associated with substantial psychiatric comorbidity, it affects quality of life, and it affects health care utilization. Many questions remain unanswered, such as whether its natural history has changed with the advent of effective therapies, and to what extent patients with OCD are disabled.There are no adoption studies of OCD, but reports of twins suggest greater monozygotic than dizygotic concordance. Family study results are not entirely consistent, probably because of differences in study methods, but tend to show that OCD is familial. They also show a genetic relationship to subclinical OCD and Tourette's syndrome. Molecular genetic studies are just getting under way. Important issues remain to be answered, including defining the extent of an OCD spectrum of disorders, and determining what constitutes an OCD phenotype.The author concludes by recommending that further studies on OCD involve samples from the general population rather than clinic- or hospital-based samples, which are inherently biased for severity.The past 15 years have been exciting for psychiatric researchers interested in the epidemiology and genetics of OCD. Combined with ongoing development of effective pharmacologic and behavioral treatments, new research in these areas has affected how physicians think about OCD, as well as how we clinically manage patients. More work needs to be done, as many important questions about both the epidemiology and genetics of OCD remain unanswered.
Psychiatric Applications of the New Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Sussman Norman , Gorman Jack M. , Privitera Michael D. , Ginsberg David L. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAntiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have a broad range of activity in the central nervous system and can thus be expected to have multiple clinical effects. Older AEDs have been used in psychiatry for some time. Introduction of the new AEDs within the last decade has been followed by reports of their efficacy in patients who had failed the more established treatment regimens. It has become evident that drugs such as gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, zonisamide, and tiagabine have beneficial safety and cognitive profiles and appear to be well tolerated by patients. While there are an increasing amount of data available indicating that these drugs may be effective in treating certain aspects of anxiety disorders, depression, and bipolar disorder, still not enough is known about all of their potential uses. It is difficult for clinicians to evaluate and use these drugs in the absence of clinical trials. Until more studies are done to increase the evidence base for the effectiveness of these agents, we have to rely on observations from community practice and personal experiences in making treatment choices.
Cognitive Difficulties and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Female Victims of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Kennedy Colleen M. , Tarokh Leila , Stein Murray B. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTSubjective cognitive complaints of women exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) and nonabused women were examined using the Cognitive Difficulties Scale (CDS). Cognitive complaints were compared among victims of IPV with a lifetime diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PTSD+; n=20), victims of IPV without lifetime PTSD (PTSD-; n=21), and a nonabused comparison group (n=22). The results indicated that both the PTSD+ and PTSD- groups had significantly higher levels of self-perceived cognitive difficulties than nonabused women. Furthermore, PTSD symptom severity was found to be positively correlated with self-perceived cognitive difficulties (r=.47). Further research is needed to determine whether cognitive complaints are associated with exposure to IPV, with the subsequent development of PTSD, or with other not yet understood factors. Furthermore, additional work is needed to resolve whether cognitive complaints are accompanied by objective evidence of cognitive dysfunction in victims of IPV.
Selecting a Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Kelly Alison 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAlthough considered rare and intractable until relatively recently, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is now recognized as a common condition that can be treated. Clomipramine initially dominated the treatment of OCD, but the introduction of the selective serotonin reup-take inhibitors (SSRIs) now allows OCD to be treated without the unpleasant adverse effects associated with the high doses of clomipramine necessary in OCD. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, and active treatment comparison trials showing the efficacy of fluvoxamine and fluoxetine in particular now provide good reasons to consider SSRIs as first-line therapy for OCD.
Intravenous, Pulse-Loaded Clomipramine in Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Two Case Reports
Authors: Pallanti Stefano , Koran Lorrin M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by excessive preoccupation with an imagined or greatly exaggerated defect in appearance, and often by related rituals or pursuit of medical or surgical treatments. The frequent comorbidity of BDD with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the phenomenological similarities between these two disorders suggest that they may be related. BDD reportedly responds to oral clomipramine (CMI).We present here two case studies of patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for BDD with comorbid delusional disorder, somatic type, to whom we administered pulse-loaded intravenous (IV) CMI (150 mg on day 1, 200 mg on day 2). After a 4.5-day drug holiday, both patients continued on oral CMI. As reflected in modified Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores, both patients' BDD improved by about one third within 4.5 days of the second IV dose. Improvement continued over 2 months on oral CMI, and comorbid major depression present in one patient remitted. By the end of 8 weeks of oral CMI, the patients' modified Y-BOCS scores had decreased about 55%, and their social functioning had markedly improved.As in OCD, pulse-loaded, IV CMI may produce a much faster response than oral CMI or selective serotonin reuptake treatment and can be well tolerated. This treatment approach to BDD deserves further study in a prospective, randomized controlled trial.
Repetitive TMS as a Probe of Mood In Health and Disease
Authors: George Mark S. , Speer Andrew M. , Wassermann Eric M. , Kimbrell Timothy A. , William Wendol A. , Kellner Charles H. , Risch S. Craig , Stallings Laurie , Post Robert M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecent advances in functional neuroimaging (including positron emission tomography, single-photon emission tomography, and fast magnetic resonance imaging) have allowed better understanding of the brain regions involved in regulating normal and pathological moods. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has the ability to stimulate or temporarily impair brain regions, which makes it a powerful tool for directly testing theories of the neurologic basis of mood regulation.
Neural Correlates of Factor-Analyzed OCD Symptom Dimensions: A PET Study
Authors: Rauch Scott L. , Dougherty Darin D. , Shin Lisa M. , Alpert Nathaniel M. , Manzo Peter , Leahy Linda , Fischman Alan J. , Jenike Michael A. , Baer Lee 
Published: August 2016

AbstractVarious schemes have been developed in attempts to define meaningful subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). A factor analytic approach presumes that the symptom of the disorder can be described by several independent symptom dimensions. The purpose of this study was to explore the neural correlates of three symptom dimensions that were derived from previous factor analyses. Positron emission tomography was used to measure relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 14 subjects with OCD while they engaged in a continuous performance task. Clinical indices, including factor scores, we ascertained via structured interviews plus administration of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and checklist. The severity of Factor 1 (religious/aggressive/sexual obsessions and checking) was positively correlated with rCBF in striatum bilaterally. In addition, distinct trends were observed for the other two Factors. These findings provide initial support for a modular neurobiologic model of OCD, where dysfunction within separate component systems may principally mediate independent symptom factors. More important, this nove strategy may represent a powerful new approach to interpreting brain imaging studies of neuropsychiatric diseases.
Fluvoxamine in the Treatment of Trichotillomania: An 8-Week, Open-Label Study
Authors: Christenson Gary A. , Crow Scott J. , Mitchell James E. , Mackenzie Thomas B. , Crosby Ross D. , Falls Janice 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis short-term, open-label study investigates short- and long-term effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluvoxamine for the treatment of trichotillomania (TTM). Additionally, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that the presence of hair pulling compulsiveness is predictive of SSRI response. Nineteen subjects meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition Revised, (DSM-III-R) criteria for TTM were treated with fluvoxamine at doses up to 300 mg/day. Random regression analysis of change across time for patients who completed the study (n=14) and those who dropped out (n=5) revealed statistically significant improvements in Physician Rating Scale, hair-pulling episodes, Trichotillomania Impairment Scale, and Trichotillomania Symptom Severity Scale, but not in estimated amount of hair pulled. In addition, the percentage of patients' focused or compulsive hair-pulling symptoms was predictive of treatment response. Unfortunately, all three subjects who entered long-term treatment displayed substantial movement back toward baseline by the end of 6 months. We concluded that fluvoxamine produces moderate reductions in symptoms during the short-term treatment of TTM and that the presence of focused or compulsive hair pulling may be predictive of treatment response. However, responses may be short lived when treatment is extended.