bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthophyllite asbestos: state of the science review
Authors: Gaffney Shannon H. , Grespin Matthew , Garnick Lindsey , Drechsel Derek A. , Hazan Rebecca , Paustenbach Dennis J. , Simmons Brooke D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAnthophyllite is an amphibole form of asbestos historically used in only a limited number of products. No published resource currently exists that offers a complete overview of anthophyllite toxicity or of its effects on exposed human populations. We performed a review focusing on how anthophyllite toxicity was understood over time by conducting a comprehensive search of publicly available documents that discussed the use, mining, properties, toxicity, exposure and potential health effects of anthophyllite. Over 200 documents were identified; 114 contained relevant and useful information which we present chronologically in this assessment. Our analysis confirms that anthophyllite toxicity has not been well studied compared to other asbestos types. We found that toxicology studies in animals from the 1970s onward have indicated that, at sufficient doses, anthophyllite can cause asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma. Studies of Finnish anthophyllite miners, conducted in the 1970s, found an increased incidence of asbestosis and lung cancer, but not mesothelioma. Not until the mid‐1990s was an epidemiological link with mesothelioma in humans observed. Its presence in talc has been of recent significance in relation to potential asbestos exposure through the use of talc‐containing products. Characterizing the health risks of anthophyllite is difficult, and distinguishing between its asbestiform and non‐asbestiform mineral form is essential from both a toxicological and regulatory perspective. Anthophyllite toxicity has generally been assumed to be similar to other amphiboles from a regulatory standpoint, but some notable exceptions exist. In order to reach a more clear understanding of anthophyllite toxicity, significant additional study is needed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unilateral Clearance for Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Selected Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: Kluijfhout Wouter P. , Beninato Toni , Drake Frederick Thurston , Vriens Menno R. , Gosnell Jessica , Shen Wen T. , Suh Insoo , Liu Chienying , Duh Quan‐Yang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrimary hyperparathyroidism is the most common manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). Guidelines advocate subtotal parathyroidectomy (STP) or total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation due to high prevalence of multiglandular disease; however, both are associated with a significant risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism. More accurate imaging and use of intraoperative PTH levels may allow a less extensive initial parathyroidectomy (unilateral clearance, removing both parathyroids with cervical thymectomy) in selected MEN1 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study at a high‐volume tertiary medical center including patients with MEN1 and primary hyperparathyroidism, who underwent STP or unilateral clearance as their initial surgery from 1995 to 2015. Unilateral clearance was offered to patients who had concordant sestamibi and ultrasound showing a single enlarged parathyroid gland. For both the groups, we compared rates of persistent/recurrent disease and permanent hypoparathyroidism.ResultsEight patients had unilateral clearance and 16 had STP. Subtotal parathyroidectomy patients were younger (37 vs 52 years). One patient in each group had persistent disease. One (13 %) unilateral clearance and five (31 %) STP patients had recurrent hyperparathyroidism after a mean follow‐up of 47 and 68 months (p = 0.62). No unilateral clearance patients and two of 16 SPT patients had permanent hypoparathyroidism (p = 0.54).ConclusionsSome MEN1 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who have concordant localizing studies may be selected for unilateral clearance as an alternative to STP. For appropriately selected MEN1 patients, unilateral clearance can achieve similar results as STP and has no risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism, and may facilitate possible future reoperations.
Use of Cupriavidus basilensis-aided bioabatement to enhance fermentation of acid-pretreated biomass hydrolysates by Clostridium beijerinckii
Authors: Agu Chidozie Victor , Ujor Victor , Gopalan Venkat , Ezeji Thaddeus Chukwuemeka 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Lignocellulose-derived microbial inhibitors (LDMICs) prevent efficient fermentation of Miscanthus giganteus (MG) hydrolysates to fuels and chemicals. To address this problem, we explored detoxification of pretreated MG biomass by Cupriavidus basilensis ATCC®BAA-699 prior to enzymatic saccharification. We document three key findings from our test of this strategy to alleviate LDMIC-mediated toxicity on Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 during fermentation of MG hydrolysates. First, we demonstrate that growth of C. basilensis is possible on furfural, 5-hydroxymethyfurfural, cinnamaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, syringaldehyde, vanillin, and ferulic, p-coumaric, syringic and vanillic acid, as sole carbon sources. Second, we report that C. basilensis detoxified and metabolized ~98 % LDMICs present in dilute acid-pretreated MG hydrolysates. Last, this bioabatement resulted in significant payoffs during acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by C. beijerinckii: 70, 50 and 73 % improvement in ABE concentration, yield and productivity, respectively. Together, our results show that biological detoxification of acid-pretreated MG hydrolysates prior to fermentation is feasible and beneficial.
System Engineering for Online Monitoring and Early Warning of Water Environment
Authors: Setiawan Foni Agus , Sudriani Yuli 
Published: July 2016

Measurement activity usually performed at a time or in a certain time period. In the case of measurements at one time, measurements manually by visiting the location of measurements, take measurements and write them down, then left the location is not a problem. However, measurements made within a certain period of time or year would be verydraining, costly, and time consuming if perfomed manually. Thus, design and implementation of embedded system for online monitoring and early warning of water environment is proposed. The system consists of two parts i.e. monitoring stations (site) and monitoring center (server). A monitoring station is an embedded system that has interface with a logger. Monitoring center is a computer that runs the service that gets the data sent by the monitoring stations, process it and put it into the database. Monitoring center also runan http service to display data acquired from monitoring stations to end users both in tabular or graphical view . The system can perform continuous measurements and its results can be monitored remotely.
Current‐driven Langmuir oscillations and formation of wave packets via modulational instability: Relevance to STEREO observations
Authors: Sauer K. , Sydora R. D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecently, it has been shown that Langmuir oscillations (LOs) at the plasma frequency can be driven by an electron current without any electrostatic instability. This current may appear due to a (small) drift of the whole electron population against the ions or by beam electrons after their relaxation to a plateau‐like distribution. The consequences of LOs for nonlinear wave phenomena in this scenario are studied by means of kinetic plasma simulations. It is shown that the electric field of LOs can act as a pump wave and generate Langmuir envelope solitons via the modulational instability. In this way, both counterstreaming Langmuir and ion‐acoustic waves arise with the same wave number. For solar wind conditions the Doppler shift leads to the generation of satellite peaks with frequencies symmetric around the plasma frequency. Simultaneously, a peak appears in the ion‐acoustic branch. These results agree well with recent STEREO observations in the solar wind.
Refined modeling and 14C plateau tuning reveal consistent patterns of glacial and deglacial 14C reservoir ages of surface waters in low‐latitude Atlantic
Authors: Balmer Sven , Sarnthein Michael , Mudelsee Manfred , Grootes Pieter M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractModeling studies predict that changes in radiocarbon (14C) reservoir ages of surface waters during the last deglacial episode will reflect changes in both atmospheric 14C concentration and ocean circulation including the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Tests of these models require the availability of accurate 14C reservoir ages in well‐dated late Quaternary time series. We here test two models using plateau‐tuned 14C time series in multiple well‐placed sediment core age‐depth sequences throughout the lower latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean. 14C age plateau tuning in glacial and deglacial sequences provides accurate calendar year ages that differ by as much as 500–2500 years from those based on assumed global reservoir ages around 400 years. This study demonstrates increases in local Atlantic surface reservoir ages of up to 1000 years during the Last Glacial Maximum, ages that reflect stronger trades off Benguela and summer winds off southern Brazil. By contrast, surface water reservoir ages remained close to zero in the Cariaco Basin in the southern Caribbean due to lagoon‐style isolation and persistently strong atmospheric CO2 exchange. Later, during the early deglacial (16 ka) reservoir ages decreased to a minimum of 170–420 14C years throughout the South Atlantic, likely in response to the rapid rise in atmospheric pCO2 and Antarctic temperatures occurring then. Changes in magnitude and geographic distribution of 14C reservoir ages of peak glacial and deglacial surface waters deviate from the results of Franke et al. (2008) but are generally consistent with those of the more advanced ocean circulation model of Butzin et al. (2012).
Application of a computer‐assisted structure elucidation program for the structural determination of a new terpenoid aldehyde with an unusual skeleton
Authors: Li Xing‐Nuo , Ridge Clark D. , Mazzola Eugene P. , Sun Jianghao , Gutierrez Osvaldo , Moser Arvin , DiMartino Joseph C. , MacDonald Scott A. , Chen Pei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe structure of a novel compound from Adansonia digitata has been elucidated, and its 1H and 13C NMR spectra have been assigned employing a variety of one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional NMR techniques without degradative chemistry. The Advanced Chemistry Development ACD/Structure Elucidator software was important for determining part of this structure that contained a fused bicyclic system with very few hydrogen atoms, which in turn, exhibited essentially no discriminating HMBC connectivities throughout that portion of the molecule. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Contribution of General Reading Ability to Science Achievement
Authors: Reed Deborah K. , Petscher Yaacov , Truckenmiller Adrea J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study explored the relationship between the reading ability and science achievement of students in grades 5, 8, and 9. Reading ability was assessed with four measures: word recognition, vocabulary, syntactic knowledge, and comprehension (23% of all passages were on science topics). Science achievement was assessed with state criterion–referenced measures. Both the reading and the science measures included inference items. Using multiple‐group structural equation modeling, a general factor of reading ability (composed of the two specific factors of discourse comprehension and word comprehension) was found to account for 70% of the variance in grades 5 and 8 science performance and 64% of the variance in grade 9 science performance. Quantile regressions revealed that the relationship between reading and science was stable across ability levels at grade 5 and mostly stable at grade 8, with a slightly stronger relation for eighth graders at low levels of science ability. At grade 9, lower reading ability was more strongly associated with lower science performance, which was statistically significantly different from the comparatively weaker associations at higher ends. Taken together, results suggest that literacy is critical to learning and demonstrating knowledge of science concepts, regardless of ability level.
Immune-inspired search strategies for robot swarms
Authors: Fricke G. M. , Hecker J. P. , Cannon J. L. , Moses M. E. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYDetection of targets distributed randomly in space is a task common to both robotic and biological systems. Lévy search has previously been used to characterize T cell search in the immune system. We use a robot swarm to evaluate the effectiveness of a Lévy search strategy and map the relationship between search parameters and target configurations. We show that the fractal dimension of the Lévy search which optimizes search efficiency depends strongly on the distribution of targets but only weakly on the number of agents involved in search. Lévy search can therefore be tuned to the target configuration while also being scalable. Implementing search behaviors observed in T cells in a robot swarm provides an effective, adaptable, and scalable swarm robotic search strategy. Additionally, the adaptability and scalability of Lévy search may explain why Lévy-like movement has been observed in T cells in multiple immunological contexts.
“From Tears to Transparency: A Conversation Can Change an Outcome. A Conversation Can Change a Life™”: Reflections From Patient Advocates
Authors: Wright (née Blackwell) Rebecca , Skolnik Patricia J. , Skolnik David M. , Grudzen Corita 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) consensus conference provided many platforms for patient advocates to share their experiences and demonstrate the powerful contribution they have to offer to the decision‐making process. One such platform was the presentation of a film “The Faces of Medical Error: From Tears to Transparency,” shared by Patricia (Patty) and David Skolnik. In this article the Skolniks build on their story shared at the SAEM consensus conference and panel discussion. They provide further insight drawn from 9 years of experience as advocates for patient safety, including their reflections on working with, training, and educating medical professionals, lawmakers, and consumers in shared decision making and informed consent.
Childhood psychopathology in children of women with eating disorders
Authors: Barona M. , Nybo Andersen A‐M. , Micali N. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the effect of maternal eating disorders (ED) on childhood psychopathology, early delays in cognitive, motor and language development, mother and child relationship, and child temperament in a community‐based cohort: the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC).MethodData were obtained prospectively on 48 403 children at 18 months and 46 156 children at 7 years. Data on cognitive, motor and language development, temperament and attachment were obtained at 18 months; data on child psychopathology were obtained at 7 years of age, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Children of mothers with lifetime diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN, n = 931), lifetime diagnosis of bulimia nervosa (BN, n = 906) and both (AN & BN = 360) were compared to children of mothers without an ED (n = 46 206).ResultsGirls of women with lifetime AN had higher odds of having emotional problems, and girls of women with lifetime BN of having conduct problems compared with children of healthy women. Boys of women with lifetime AN had higher odds of total, emotional and conduct problems; boys of women with lifetime BN had higher odds of total, conduct, hyperactivity and peer difficulties compared to children of women without an ED. Boys of women with lifetime AN and BN had higher odds of total, emotional and peer problems compared to children of healthy women.ConclusionMaternal ED is associated with childhood psychopathology in both boys and girls. Boys seemed at higher risk for psychopathology in this sample. Associations between emotional disorders across genders in children of mothers with lifetime AN, and hyperactivity and peer difficulties in boys of mothers with lifetime BN confirm and extend previous findings and point to possible shared risk between ED and other psychopathology.
Radiographic localisation of the entheses of the equine stifle
Authors: Aldrich E. D. , Goodrich L. R. , Monahan M. K. , Conway J. D. , Valdés‐Martínez A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryReason for performing studyInjury to the tendons and ligaments of the equine stifle is a common cause of lameness in horses. Individual radiographic localisation of each tendon and ligament of the stifle has not been previously reported or demonstrated in multiple radiographic projections.ObjectiveTo create a series of radiographs identifying the origins and/or insertions of the tendons and ligaments of the equine stifle.Study designDescriptive study of radiographic anatomy.MethodsThe location of all entheses were determined by gross dissection. The proximal tibia and fibula, distal femur, patella and menisci were isolated from one horse and used as a template. A series of 4 radiographs was obtained with each enthesis identified with barium paste. The radiographic landmarks for each enthesis were described and the best projection(s) for evaluation of each structure of interest identified.ResultsForty‐eight radiographic images were produced that demonstrated the best radiographic projections to define each enthesis.ConclusionsRadiography is the imaging modality most frequently used to evaluate the equine stifle. The images presented here will serve as a guide for evaluating radiographs of the equine stifle, particularly identifying avulsions and enthesopathies of ligamentous and tendinous origins and insertions.
Referral of young children to dental personnel by primary care nurses
Authors: Wigen TI , Wang NJ 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOral health promotion to young children is delivered by primary care nurses as part of general health promotion given to all children in Norway.ObjectiveThe objective was to evaluate established routines for referral of children by primary care nurses to the dental services and to study whether referred children younger than 3 years required contact with dental personnel.MethodsAll children referred by primary care nurses to the dental services in one county during one year were included. Primary care nurses referred children using criteria developed by dental personnel. At the dental clinic, anamnestic information, dental health and oral health behaviour of the referred children were registered.ResultsAltogether, 181 children were referred; 53% were younger than 3 years. The most frequent reasons for referral of children younger than 3 years were caries or dental plaque, and 34% had visible plaque accumulation and/or visible signs of caries. All referred children had at least one risk factor for caries. The referral reasons given by primary care nurses corresponded partly with findings at dental examination. The results indicated that 2% of the children younger than 3 years were referred to the dental services.ConclusionThe results indicated that by using established referral routines, all children referred from well‐baby clinics to the dental services were caries risk children who required early contact with dental personnel. However, the low proportion of children in the studied population referred by primary care personnel may indicate under‐referral of children to the dental services.
A Feasible Unemployment‐Based Shock Absorber for the Euro Area
Authors: Brandolini Andrea , Carta Francesca , D'Amuri Francesco 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBased on theoretical insights, this article identifies the broad characteristics that a shock absorber based on unemployment should have in order to be incentive‐compatible and politically feasible. It then empirically derives the combination of activation thresholds, experience rating, eligibility criteria and benefit generosity which define the systems offering the highest stabilization for given levels of redistribution. The analysis suggests that the shock absorber should: (1) give rise to macro cross‐national transfers, mimicking those that would be generated by a notional euro‐wide unemployment benefit scheme of minimal coverage and generosity, (2) be activated by a trigger and (3) feature partial experience rating. The simulation results, confirmed by robustness checks, show that even systems that do not redistribute resources between countries can have a non‐negligible stabilization impact in the medium run. Low benefit take‐up rates in southern Europe reduce the stabilization properties and the size of the scheme.
Preparation and characterization of reactive liquid rubbers toughened epoxy-clay hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Szymańska Jowita , Bakar Mohamed , Kostrzewa Marcin , Lavorgna Marino 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The present work investigates the effect of organomodified nanoclay (ZW1) and butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer terminated with different amine groups (amine-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile, ATBN) on the properties and morphology of epoxy resin. The morphologies of the nanocomposites were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nanocomposites structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, XRD and TEM. The properties evaluation showed that the polymeric modifier and nanoclays strongly influence the fracture toughness and flexural properties of the nanocomposites. Hybrid epoxy composites containing 1% ZW1 and ATBN rubbers showed improved fracture toughness and flexural properties in comparison with unmodified epoxy resin. FTIR spectra showed an increase in the hydroxyl peak height peak height of 3360 cm-1 due to reactive rubber incorporation. SEM micrographs of hybrid epoxy resin nanocomposites showed significant plastic yielding of the polymer matrix with stratified structures and more cavitations, explaining thus the enhancement of fracture toughness and flexural strength of the nanocomposites.
Crença de autoeficácia em processos decisórios no mercado de investimentos.
Authors: Wallauer Alina Queiroz , Luna Iúri Novaes , Costa Flavio Rodrigues 
Published: July 2016

A investigação teve como propósito principal avaliar a crença de autoeficácia de investidores sobre seus processos decisórios no mercado acionário. Participaram do estudo, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, um total de 25 investidores ativos no mercado acionário há pelo menos um ano. Para a coleta de dados foi construída uma escala de autoeficácia para processos decisórios no mercado de investimentos composta de 10 itens, com base na Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percepcionada de Renato Nunes, Ralf Schwarzer e Matthias Jerusalem. Após a aplicação da escala, os dados foram organizados, mediante distribuição de frequência, e analisados. Quanto aos resultados, o estudo não revelou correlações significativas entre crenças de autoeficácia e as variáveis idade, tempo de aplicação no mercado e resultados financeiros obtidos com as aplicações. Os dados obtidos para a variável “resultado financeiro” revelam que, apesar da percentagem de “crença muito alta de autoeficácia” dos investidores que perderam dinheiro (20%) ser menor do que do grupo que ganhou dinheiro (27,2%), 80,9% dos que perderam dinheiro possuem, de forma geral, crenças elevadas quanto a sua capacidade de tomar decisões no mercado financeiro e escolher estratégias que julgam adequadas. Conclui-se, mediante as análises descritivas, que o fenômeno estudado, por estar ancorado em interpretações e não em resultados efetivos, encontra-se na dependência da subjetividade e, assim, sujeito a distorções cognitivas, o que pode resultar em crenças de autoeficácia que induzem a decisões equivocadas de investimento.