bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Ethenoadenine FAD Analog Accelerates UV Dimer Repair by DNA Photolyase
Authors: Narayanan Madhavan , Singh Vijay R. , Kodali Goutham , Moravcevic Katarina , Stanley Robert J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractReduced anionic flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH−) is the critical cofactor in DNA photolyase (PL) for the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) in UV‐damaged DNA. The initial step involves photoinduced electron transfer from *FADH− to the CPD. The adenine (Ade) moiety is nearly stacked with the flavin ring, an unusual conformation compared to other FAD‐dependent proteins. The role of this proximity has not been unequivocally elucidated. Some studies suggest that Ade is a radical intermediate, but others conclude that Ade modulates the electron transfer rate constant (kET) through superexchange. No study has succeeded in removing or modifying this Ade to test these hypotheses. Here, FAD analogs containing either an ethano‐ or etheno‐bridged Ade between the AN1 and AN6 atoms (e‐FAD and ε‐FAD, respectively) were used to reconstitute apo‐PL, giving e‐PL and ε‐PL respectively. The reconstitution yield of e‐PL was very poor, suggesting that the hydrophobicity of the ethano group prevented its uptake, while ε‐PL showed 50% reconstitution yield. The substrate binding constants for ε‐PL and rPL were identical. ε‐PL showed a 15% higher steady‐state repair yield compared to FAD‐reconstituted photolyase (rPL). The acceleration of repair in ε‐PL is discussed in terms of an ε‐Ade radical intermediate vs superexchange mechanism.
Insight in DNA Repair of UV‐induced Pyrimidine Dimers by Chromatographic Methods
Authors: Douki Thierry , von Koschembahr Anne , Cadet Jean 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUV‐induced formation of pyrimidine dimers in DNA is a major deleterious event in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Accumulation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine (6‐4) pyrimidone photoproducts can lead to cell death or be at the origin of mutations. In skin, UV induction of DNA damage is a major initiating event in tumorigenesis. To counteract these deleterious effects, all cell types possess DNA repair machinery, such as nucleotide excision repair and, in some cell types, direct reversion. Different analytical approaches were used to assess the efficiency of repair and decipher the enzymatic mechanisms. We presently review the information provided by chromatographic methods, which are complementary to biochemical assays, such as immunological detection and electrophoresis‐based techniques. Chromatographic assays are interesting in their ability to provide quantitative data on a wide range of damage and are also valuable tools for the identification of repair intermediates.
Crosstalk Among UV‐Induced Inflammatory Mediators, DNA Damage and Epigenetic Regulators Facilitates Suppression of the Immune System
Authors: Prasad Ram , Katiyar Santosh K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe suppression of the immune system by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been implicated in the initiation and progression of photocarcinogenesis. Numerous changes occur in the skin on UVB exposure, including the generation of inflammatory mediators, DNA damage, epigenetic modifications, and migration and functional alterations in the antigen‐presenting dendritic cells. Although each of these alterations can elicit a cascade of events that have the potential to modulate immune sensitivity alone, there is emerging evidence that there is considerable crosstalk between these cascades. The development of an understanding of UV‐induced changes in the skin that culminate in UV‐induced immunosuppression, which has been implicated in the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer, as a network of events has implications for the development of more effective chemopreventive strategies. In the current review article, we discuss the evidence of interactions between the various molecular targets and signaling mechanisms associated with UV‐induced immunosuppression.
Autophagy in UV Damage Response
Authors: Sample Ashley , He Yu‐Ying 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUV radiation exposure from sunlight and artificial tanning beds is the major risk factor for the development of skin cancer and skin photoaging. UV‐induced skin damage can trigger a cascade of DNA damage response signaling pathways, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and, if damage is irreparable, apoptosis. Compensatory proliferation replaces the apoptotic cells to maintain skin barrier integrity. Disruption of these processes can be exploited to promote carcinogenesis by allowing the survival and proliferation of damaged cells. UV radiation also induces autophagy, a catabolic process that clears unwanted or damaged proteins, lipids and organelles. The mechanisms by which autophagy is activated following UV exposure, and the functions of autophagy in UV response, are only now being clarified. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms governing autophagy regulation by UV, the roles of autophagy in regulating cellular response to UV‐induced photodamage and the implications of autophagy modulation in the treatment and prevention of photoaging and skin cancer.
Hold Safety Inventory Before, At, or After the Fan‐Out Point?
Authors: van derRhee Bo , Schmidt Glen M. , Tsai Weiyu 
Published: December 2016

We consider a product sold in multiple variants, each with uncertain demand, produced in a multi‐stage process from a standard (i.e., generic) sub‐assembly. The fan‐out point is defined as the last process stage at which outputs are generic (outputs at every subsequent stage are variant‐specific). Insights gained from an analytical study of the system are used to develop heuristics that determine the stage(s) at which safety inventory should be held. We offer a relatively‐simple heuristic that approaches globally‐optimal results even though it uses only two relatively‐local parameters. We call this the VAPT, or value‐added/processing time heuristic, because it determines whether a (local) stage should hold inventory based only on the value added at that local stage relative to its downstream stage, along with the processing time at that local stage relative to its downstream stage. Another key insight is that, contrary to possible intuition, safety inventory should not always be held at the fan‐out point, although a fan‐out point does hold inventory under a wider range of conditions. We also explore when postponement is most valuable and illustrate that postponement may often be less beneficial than suggested by Lee and Tang (1997).
Modification of a multiple‐locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) for typing isolates of Erwinia amylovora
Authors: Alnaasan Y. , Valentini F. , Balestra G. M. , Mazzaglia A. , D'Onghia A. M. , Varvaro L. 
Published: December 2016

Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight that affects economically important rosaceous plants, is reported among the most important plant pathogenic bacteria. The low genetic diversity within E. amylovora and the lack of simple and high‐resolution genotyping techniques make epidemiology and evolutionary studies challenging for this pathogen. A multiple‐locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) based on a set of nine variable number tandem repeat loci was successfully used to type 46 E. amylovora isolates collected from different host plants in 16 countries, mainly Mediterranean. The nine polymorphic loci proved to have high discriminatory power and to increase the resolution of the MLVA. Thirty‐eight haplotypes clustered in seven clonal complexes. The results identified potentially useful genetic markers among the Mediterranean strains, particularly from the Balkan Peninsula and the Eastern Mediterranean countries. Different MLVA types were observed amongst Italian strains only, indicating the possibility of multiple introductions of the disease. MLVA can be used effectively as a fast, cheap, and simple tool to track E. amylovora infection sources, to gain insight into geographic diversity, and to understand the dynamic evolution of the pathogen.
Plant phenological research enhances ecological restoration
Authors: Buisson Elise , Alvarado Swanni T. , Le Stradic Soizig , Morellato Leonor Patricia C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWhile phenology data (the timing of recurring biological events) has been used to explain and predict patterns related to global change, and to address applied environmental issues, it has not been clearly identified as pertinent for restoration. This opinion article thus aims to raise awareness of the potential of phenology to enhance the quality of restoration projects and ecological restoration theory. We based our analysis on a systematic literature survey carried out in February 2014, searching the words “phenology” or “phenological” in books dealing with restoration, the term “phenolog*” in the journal Restoration Ecology, and the terms “restoration” and “phenolog*” in the database Web of Science until February 2014. We finally selected 149 studies relevant to our goals, and first classified them according to the context in which phenology was addressed. We then analyzed them within the framework of the five key steps of restoration projects: (1) the reference ecosystem; (2) biotic resources; (3) restoration methods; (4) monitoring; and (5) adaptive management. The literature survey showed that phenological information improved decision‐making in the few restoration projects in which it was incorporated. We thus advocate taking phenological data into account at all stages of restoration when appropriate: from the acquisition of baseline data on the reference ecosystem to treatment design, and from restoration action planning and timing to monitoring. Phenological data should at minimum be collected for sown, keystone, dominant, and/or rare species to improve restoration quality. Phenology studies and monitoring should be promoted in future restoration guidelines.
Seed provenance for changing climates: early growth traits of nonlocal seed are better adapted to future climatic scenarios, but not to current field conditions
Authors: Gross Caroline L. , Fatemi Mohammad , Simpson Ian H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe urgency to repair degraded ecosystems is challenged by the need to future‐proof populations to deal with changing climates. Therefore, it is necessary to know if source gene‐pools are resilient to both current and future climatic conditions. We tested this question with the pioneer shrub Hardenbergia violacea (Fabaceae), an important species for restoration in eastern Australia. We evaluated in situ and ex situ performance of seed from eight provenances, two local and six from regions receiving hotter and wetter spring to autumn conditions and/or drier winters and we included wild and commercial collections. We compared survivorship of seedlings in climate‐houses that emulated current and predicted temperature and rainfall. In the field, we measured germination and seedling survivorship. We used neutral codominant markers to provide inbreeding and heterozygosity estimates to evaluate against health and survivorship. All provenances survived the current conditions, but local provenances were the poorest performers in the predicted hotter and wetter scenario compared with nonlocal provenances. No provenance survived more than a fortnight of a climate‐house simulated, but predicted, extreme weather event of a drought (35/22°C 12 hours day/night, 50 mL/week = 220 mm rainfall). Heterozygosity was positively associated with plant health in surviving plants, and plants in poor condition had high inbreeding estimates. In the field, nonlocal provenances performed poorly and most survivors were from local provenances. The contribution of individual genetic variation to stress tolerance will be an important consideration when selecting provenances for future climates.
Fabrication of complete dentures in three visits using existing prosthesis—a simplified technique for geriatric patients
Authors: Kulkarni Rahul S. , Pawar Ravindra S. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTComplete edentulism often limits patients’ ability to masticate and perform other oral functions, resulting in a reduction of oral‐health‐related quality of life. Although the two‐implant mandibular overdenture may be considered as a minimum standard of treatment of complete edentulism, patients often prefer conventional complete dentures due to cost and surgical procedures related to implant supported dentures. Many complete denture patients may have limited access to dental care due to socioeconomic or health issues, hence there is a need in simplification of complete denture fabrication. Researchers have proposed “simplified” techniques to fabricate complete dentures by eliminating two stage impression procedures facebow transfer, and articulator programming, with impressive initial results. However, long‐term clinical data of these techniques is unavailable. A novel technique for fabricating simplified complete dentures in three visits, using patient's existing dentures is presented here. Unlike previously described techniques on “simplified” dentures, this technique does not eliminate vital steps such as border‐molded impressions, facebow transfer, verification of centric relations during try‐in, programming of the articulator, and balancing procedures.
Intense pre‐admission carriage and further acquisition of ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae among patients and their caregivers in a tertiary hospital in Rwanda
Authors: Kurz Mathis S. E. , Bayingana Claude , Ndoli Jules M. , Sendegeya Augustin , Durst Anita , Pfüller Roland , Gahutu Jean Bosco , Mockenhaupt Frank P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the presence and risk factors of intestinal carriage of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL‐PE) among patients admitted to the University Teaching Hospital of Butare and among their attending caregivers, and to analyse the acquisition of ESBL‐PE carriage during hospital stay and associated factors.MethodsWe screened 392 patients and their attending caregivers at admission and discharge for ESBL‐PE carriage. Bacterial species were determined using the API‐20E system, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by agar disc diffusion. Data on socio‐economic status, diet, behaviour, household assets, livestock and hospital procedures were collected.ResultsAt admission, 50% of the patients showed intestinal ESBL‐PE carriage (Escherichia coli, 51%; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 39%; Enterobacter cloacae, 19%) as did 37% of their caregivers. Co‐resistance was common but no carbapenem resistance was detected. At discharge, the proportion of ESBL‐PE‐colonised patients increased to 65% (caregivers, 47%) with almost complete carriage in paediatric patients (93%). The acquisition rate among initially non‐colonised patients was 55% (or, 71/1000 patient days). Independent predictors of admission carriage included a colonised caregiver, prior antibiotic intake, egg consumption and neglecting to boil drinking water, whereas being a paediatric patient, undergoing surgery and male gender predicted acquisition during hospitalisation.ConclusionsAbundant admission carriage of ESBL‐PE and a high acquisition rate in a Rwandan university hospital point to potential intrahospital transmission and community dissemination. Caregivers are an additional source of possible spread. Risk factors of colonisation such as diet and water source need to be tackled to prevent the further emergence and spread of ESBL‐PE.
Profile and reintegration experience of Ebola survivors in Guinea: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Delamou Alexandre , Camara Bienvenu Salim , Kolie Jean Pe , Guemou Achille Diona , Haba Nyankoye Yves , Marquez Shannon , Beavogui Abdoul Habib , Delvaux Therese , van Griensven Johan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the experience of Guinean Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors in Guinea, up to ten months after discharge from the Ebola treatment unit.MethodsCross‐sectional study using a standardised semistructured questionnaire among survivors from Conakry and Coyah districts in 2015 in Guinea. We used proportions, mean (standard deviation) and median (interquartile range) to summarise the variables. The McNemar chi‐square test was used to compare proportions.ResultsThe 121 EVD survivors interviewed had a median reintegration time from discharge of 18 weeks (IQR: 14–32 weeks). Most survivors were aged 15–44 years (87.6%) with secondary to higher level of education (68.6%), and 25.6% were healthcare workers. The majority reported a lower socio‐economic status (90%), a less favourable work situation (79%) and psychological status (60%). About 31% reported physical health problems. Most survivors reported lower levels of reintegration with friends and at work place (72%) and lower acceptance by others in general (71%) in the period after the EVD as compared to the period before the EVD. Only 55 survivors (45.5%) were involved in one or more activities of the EVD response: participation in clinical studies on the EVD (44 survivors, 36.4%), community sensitisation (28 survivors, 23.1%) or work in Ebola treatment and/or transit centres (23 survivors, 21.7%).ConclusionThere is a need for a long‐term follow‐up of EVD survivors in Guinea and more efforts to support their social, professional and economic reintegration, especially in rural areas.
The Role for Long‐run Target Values of the Exchange Rate in the Bank of Japan's Policy Reaction Function
Authors: Beckmann Joscha , Kühl Michael 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper analyses whether the Bank of Japan (BoJ) had fundamental concepts in mind when carrying out interventions in the foreign exchange market. We start by considering different long‐run fundamental target values based on a monetary exchange rate model and compare them with moread hoctargets. Based on these findings, we explain the intervention probability for the BoJ after 1991 based on an ordered probit model by accounting for subperiods and asymmetric effects. It turns out that estimated fundamentally based values for the exchange rate provide additional information for the decision to intervene, in particular after 1995. However, short‐runad hoctargets seem to be very important, in particular from 1991 until 1995, while medium‐runad hoctargets gain importance at the end of the 1990s. Overall, we find a ‘leaning against the wind’ strategy in the event of overvaluation relies onad hoctargets while intervention in cases of undervaluation seems to be guided more strongly by deviations from fundamental values.
Nodular presentation of Dirofilaria repens infection in a cat mimicking a fibrosarcoma
Authors: Manzocchi Simone , Lendner Matthias , Piseddu Eleonora , Sebastiani Valeria , Morabito Simona , Daugschies Arwid , Pantchev Nikola 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA cat with multiple subcutaneous nodules suggesting a soft tissue sarcoma by physical and computed tomographic examination was diagnosed as being affected by subcutaneous filariosis based on cytologic and ultrasonographic assessments. Nodules were surgically removed and extracted nematodes were identified by PCR as Dirofilaria repens. Furthermore, DNA of Dipetalonema dracunculoides (syn. Acantocheilonema dracunculoides) was detected by PCR, with no evidence of circulating microfilariae. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this represents the first report describing adults of D repens in multiple subcutaneous nodules in a cat. Cytopathologic examination allowed characterization of the parasitic nature of the nodules. Veterinary practitioners should be aware of the possible nodular presentation of D repens in cats and should include D repens in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous neoformations in the cat.
Self-management for patients with inflammatory bowel disease in a gastroenterology ward in China: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Chen Ruo-bing 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
Globally, there is an increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease. It is very important for patients to be involved with self-management that can optimize personal heath behavior to control the disease.

Objectives:
The aim of this project was to increase nursing staff knowledge of inflammatory bowel disease discharge guidance, and to improve the quality of education for discharged patients, thereby improving their self-management.

Methods:
A baseline audit was conducted by interviewing 30 patients in the gastroenterology ward of Huadong Hospital, Fudan University. The project utilized the Joanna Briggs Institute's Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research Into Practice audit tools for promoting quality of education and self-management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Thirty patients were provided with written materials, which included disease education and information regarding self-management. A post-implementation audit was conducted.

Results:
There was improvement of education prior to discharge and dietary consultancy in the gastroenterology ward. Self-management plans utilizing written materials only were not sufficient for ensuring sustainability of the project.

Conclusions:
Comprehensive self-management education can make a contribution to improving awareness of the importance of self-management for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Genome Sequence of Bacteriophage GG32, Which Can Infect both Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Chae Su-Jin , Kwon Taesoo , Lee Sunjin , Kang Yeon Ho , Chung Gyung Tae , Kim Dae-Won , Lee Deog-Yong 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here a new virulent
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium (
S
. Typhimurium) bacteriophage, GG32, which was isolated from the Guem River in the Republic of Korea. The strain can infect both
S
. Typhimurium and
Escherichia coli
(
E. coli
) O157:H7 and may be a good candidate for a bio-control agent.
Complete Genome Sequence of vB_EcoM-UFV13, a New Bacteriophage Able To Disrupt Trueperella pyogenes Biofilm
Authors: Duarte Vinícius S. , Dias Roberto S. , Kropinski Andrew M. , Vidigal Pedro M. P. , Sousa Flávia O. , Xavier André S. , Silva Cynthia C. , de Paula Sergio O. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

vB_EcoM-UFV13, a member of the
T4virus
genus, shows lytic activity against
Escherichia coli
and effectiveness in controlling the biofilm formed by
Trueperella pyogenes
, which qualifies it as a promising component of phage cocktails for mastitis and metritis control.
Genome Sequence of Burkholderia plantarii ZJ171, a Tropolone-Producing Bacterial Pathogen Responsible for Rice Seedling Blight
Authors: Qian Yuan , Matsumoto Haruna , Li Wenzhuo , Zhu Guonian , Hashidoko Yasuyuki , Hu Yang , Wang Mengcen 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia plantarii
is the causal agent of rice seedling blight. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
B. plantarii
, which contains 8,020,831 bp, with a G+C content of 68.66% and a predicted 7,688 coding sequences. The annotated genome sequence will provide further insight into its pathogenicity.
Complete Genome Sequences of the Endophytic
Streptomyces
Strains EN16, EN23, and EN27, Isolated from Wheat Plants
Authors: Franco Christopher M. M. , Araujo Ricardo , Adetutu Eric , Tobe Shanan S. , Mallya Sandeep , Paul Bobby , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequences of three endophytic
Streptomyces
species were compared. Strains EN16, EN23, and EN27 were isolated from surface-sterilized roots of wheat plants from South Australia. In field trials, these strains are effective in suppressing fungal root diseases of wheat when added as spore coatings to wheat seed.