bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurogenesis and anxiety‐like behavior in male California mice during the mate's postpartum period
Authors: Hyer M. M. , Hunter T. J. , Katakam J. , Wolz T. , Glasper E. R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOur understanding of postpartum anxiety (PPA) in fathers is limited, despite the negative consequences of anxiety on the father and child. Offspring contact reduces PPA in mothers; however, parallel investigations in fathers has gone unaddressed. Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) contributes to anxiety regulation and is altered during the postpartum period, yet the effects of fatherhood on the production, or survival, of newborn cells in the DG, and the role of adult neurogenesis in PPA regulation, have not been examined. Using the biparental California mouse (Peromyscus californicus), we examined the relationships among postnatal day, anxiety‐like behavior and adult neurogenesis in fathers. We hypothesized that attenuated anxiety‐like behavior and enhanced adult neurogenesis would be observed when father–offspring contact was increased. We observed a reduction in anxiety‐like behavior on the elevated plus‐maze, but only at PND 16, a time of peak pup retrieval. Fatherhood reduced 1‐week survival of newborn cells; however, surviving cells were maintained until 2 weeks postpartum. In contrast, non‐fathers experienced a significant reduction in the survival of newborn cells between 1 and 2 weeks postpartum. Fatherhood also increased the numbers of newborn cells that expressed a neuronal phenotype. Collectively, these findings suggest that offspring interaction contributes to reductions in anxiety‐like behavior and the maintenance of newborn neurons in the DG of fathers. These data contribute to our knowledge of the postpartum affective state in fathers, findings that may contribute to improved health of both the father and offspring.
Biomass production and energy balance of herbaceous and woody crops on marginal soils in the Po Valley
Authors: Amaducci Stefano , Facciotto Gianni , Bergante Sara , Perego Alessia , Serra Paolo , Ferrarini Andrea , Chimento Carlo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA wealth of data and information on the cultivation of perennial biomass crops has been collected, but direct comparisons between herbaceous and woody crops are rare. The main objective of this research was to compare the biomass yield, the energy balance and the biomass quality of six perennial bioenergy crops: Populus spp., Robinia pseudoacacia, Salix spp., Arundo donax, Miscanthus × giganteus, and Panicum virgatum, grown in two marginal environments. For giant reed and switchgrass, two levels of nitrogen fertilization were applied annually (0–100 kg ha−1). Nitrogen fertilization did not affect biomass or energy production of giant reed; thus, it significantly reduced the energy return on investment (EROI) (from 73 to 27). In switchgrass, nitrogen fertilization significantly increased biomass production and the capacity of this crop to respond to water availability, making it a favorable option when only biomass production is a target. Net energy gain (NEG) was higher for herbaceous crops than for woody crops. In Casale, EROI calculated for poplar and willow (7, on average) was significantly lower than that of the other crops (14, on average). In Gariga, the highest EROI was calculated for miscanthus (98), followed by nonfertilized giant reed and switchgrass (82 and 73, respectively). Growing degree days10 during the cropping season had no effect on biomass production in any of the studied species, although water availability from May to August was a major factor affecting biomass yield in herbaceous crops. Overall, herbaceous crops had the highest ranking for bioenergy production due to their high biomass yield, high net energy gain (NEG), and biomass quality that renders them suitable to both biochemical and thermochemical conversion. Miscanthus in particular had the highest EROI in both locations (16 and 98, in Casale and Gariga), while giant reed had the highest NEG on the silty‐loam soil of Gariga.
Role of computed tomography urography in the clinical evaluation of upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Jinzaki Masahiro , Kikuchi Eiji , Akita Hirotaka , Sugiura Hiroaki , Shinmoto Hiroshi , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntravenous urography has been widely used for the evaluation of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. However, computed tomography urography presently has a higher diagnostic accuracy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (94.2–99.6%) than intravenous urography (80.8–84.9%), and has replaced intravenous urography as the first‐line imaging test for investigating patients with a high risk of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Although the detection rate for bladder tumors using standard computed tomography urography is not yet high enough to replace cystoscopy, the addition of a 60‐ to 80‐s delayed scan after the administration of contrast material for the whole pelvis improves the detection rate. A drawback to computed tomography urography is the higher radiation dose of 15–35 mSv, compared with a mean effective dose of 5–10 mSv for intravenous urography. Among several approaches to reducing the radiation dose, the use of an iterative reconstruction algorithm is most likely to become an effective solution because of its simplicity. One advantage of computed tomography urography over intravenous urography is its ability to reliably differentiate between upper tract urothelial carcinoma and calculi or blood clots. Computed tomography urography also shows characteristic findings of other benign conditions. These findings, in combination with negative cytology, are very important diagnostic clues for avoiding an unnecessary nephroureterectomy. For the clinical staging, a recent study has reported the high diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography urography with respect to ≥pT3 tumors. The present review shows the current status of computed tomography urography for the evaluation of upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
Recurrent connections between Amazon and Atlantic forests shaped diversity in Caatinga four‐eyed frogs
Authors: Thomé Maria Tereza C. , Sequeira Fernando , Brusquetti Francisco , Carstens Bryan , Haddad Célio F. B. , Rodrigues Miguel Trefaut , Alexandrino João 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThe Caatinga is a widespread but poorly known biome in South America. Its historical stability is controversial and different types of evidence provide support to contrasting hypotheses. We investigate how past biome dynamics may have caused diversification in the endemic four‐eyed frog genus Pleurodema.LocationCaatinga biome.MethodsWe sampled 353 individuals of Pleurodema alium and Pleurodema diplolister from 60 localities and genotyped them at 12 (P. alium) or 20 (P. diplolister) microsatellite loci. We sequenced a mitochondrial fragment for a subset (199) of the samples. After exploratory analyses to infer genetic structure between and within species, we designed seven biogeographical scenarios based on the literature on species distributions, palaeomodels and geological palaeoindicators. We tested these hypotheses by calculating the posterior probability of models using multilocus approximate Bayesian computation (ABC).ResultsBoth markers recovered well‐defined interspecific limits with restricted introgression, but population structure within P. diplolister is subtle and affected by isolation by distance. Model selection using ABC supported two scenarios of diversification that included recent demographic growth. Genetic breaks at intra‐ and interspecific levels were geographically coincident, and correlated with past forest invasions reported in the literature.Main conclusionsOur data support the idea that past expansions of the Amazon and Atlantic forests over the current Caatinga distribution shaped the genetic structure in endemic four‐eyed frogs at more than one level by promoting intermittent vicariance. Additional support comes from the distribution patterns of forest and Caatinga taxa. Variation among groups suggests differential organismal responses to past habitat shifts, probably mediated by specific natural‐history traits. This paper provides the first direct evidence that taxa endemic to the Caatinga were affected by past forest interactions.
Impact of paved front gardens on current and future urban flooding
Authors: Kelly D.A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDomestic front gardens provide a valuable asset in the control of surface water runoff in towns and cities. Projected increases in future rainfall make this asset increasingly important, while growing trends of paving over front gardens puts this asset at jeopardy. The contribution of paved front gardens to the overall urban flood burden is often neglected. This paper quantifies rainwater runoff from a typical front garden using numerical simulation. Runoff is quantified in terms of both current and future rainfall intensities and in relation to variables of impermeable cover and soil type.Garden runoff is shown to be directly proportional to the area of impermeable cover and rainfall intensity. Soil type is important in determining runoff with faster infiltrating soils experiencing higher percentage increases in runoff if paved over, and slower infiltrating soils experiencing increased runoff volumes even from unpaved gardens in response to increased rainfall due to future climate change.
Moments of joy and delight: the meaning of traditional food in dementia care
Authors: Hanssen Ingrid , Kuven Britt Moene 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo learn about the meaning of traditional food to institutionalised patients with dementia.BackgroundTraditional food strengthens the feelings of belonging, identity and heritage, which help persons with dementia to hold on to and reinforce their cultural identity and quality of life. Taste is more cultural than physiological. Dietary habits are established early in life and may be difficult to change. Being served unfamiliar dishes may lead to disappointment and a feeling of being betrayed and unloved.Design and methodThe three studies presented have a qualitative design. In‐depth interviews of family members and nurses experienced in dementia care were conducted in South Africa and among ethnic Norwegians and the Sami in Norway. Content‐focused analysis, hermeneutic in character, was used to enable the exploration of the thoughts, feelings and cultural meaning described.ResultsTraditional foods created a feeling of belonging and joy. Familiar tastes and smells awoke pleasant memories in patients and boosted their sense of well‐being, identity and belonging, even producing words in those who usually did not speak.ConclusionsIn persons with dementia, dishes remembered from their childhood may help maintain and strengthen cultural identity, create joy and increase patients' feeling of belonging, being respected and cared for. Traditional food furthermore improves patients' appetite, nutritional intake and quality of life. To serve traditional meals in nursing homes demands extra planning and resources, traditional knowledge, creativity and knowledge of patients' personal tastes.Relevance for clinical practiceThis study provides insight into culture‐sensitive dietary needs of institutionalised patients with dementia. The cultural significance of food for feeling contentment and social and physical well‐being is discussed. Besides helping to avoid undernutrition, being served traditional dishes may be very important to reminiscence, joy, thriving and quality of life.
Invadopodia proteins, cortactin, N‐WASP and WIP differentially promote local invasiveness in ameloblastoma
Authors: Siar Chong Huat , Rahman Zainal Ariff Bin Abdul , Tsujigiwa Hidetsugu , Mohamed Om Alblazi Kamila , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Ng Kok Han 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundCell migration and invasion through interstitial tissues are dependent upon several specialized characteristics of the migratory cell notably generation of proteolytic membranous protrusions or invadopodia. Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic epithelial neoplasm with a locally infiltrative behaviour. Cortactin and MMT1‐MMP are two invadopodia proteins implicated in its local invasiveness. Other invadopodia regulators, namely N‐WASP, WIP and Src kinase remain unclarified. This study addresses their roles in ameloblastoma.Materials and methodEighty‐seven paraffin‐embedded ameloblastoma cases (20 unicystic, 47 solid/multicystic, 3 desmoplastic and 17 recurrent) were subjected to immunohistochemistry for expression of cortactin, N‐WASP, WIP, Src kinase and F‐actin, and findings correlated with clinicopathological parameters.ResultsInvadopodia proteins (except Src kinase) and F‐actin were widely detected in ameloblastoma (cortactin: n = 73/87, 83.9%; N‐WASP: n = 59/87; 67.8%; WIP: n = 77/87; 88.5%; and F‐actin: n = 87/87, 100%). Protein localization was mainly cytoplasmic and/or membranous, and occasionally nuclear for F‐actin. Cortactin, which functions as an actin‐scaffolding protein, demonstrated significantly higher expression levels within ameloblastoma tumoral epithelium than in stroma (P < 0.05). N‐WASP, which coordinates actin polymerization and invadopodia‐mediated extracellular matrix degradation, was overexpressed in the solid/multicystic subtype (P < 0.05). WIP, an upstream regulator of N‐WASP, and F‐actin were significantly upregulated along the tumour invasive front compared to tumour centres (P < 0.05). Except for males with cortactin overexpression, other clinical parameters (age, ethnicity and anatomical site) showed no significant correlations.ConclusionsPresent results suggest that local invasiveness of ameloblastoma is dependent upon the migratory potential of its tumour cells as defined by their distribution of cortactin, N‐WASP and WIP in correlation with F‐actin cytoskeletal dynamics.
Philosophical Arguments Against the A‐Theory
Authors: Deasy Daniel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAccording to the A‐theory of time some instant of time is absolutely present. Many reject the A‐theory on the grounds that it is inconsistent with current spacetime physics, which appears to leave no room for absolute presentness. However, some reject the A‐theory on purely philosophical grounds. In this article I describe three purely philosophical arguments against the A‐theory and show that there are plausible A‐theoretic responses to each of them. I conclude that, whatever else is wrong with the A‐theory, it is not obviously a philosophically suspect theory.
A preprocessing tool for removing artifact from cardiac RR interval recordings using three‐dimensional spatial distribution mapping
Authors: Stapelberg Nicolas J. C. , Neumann David L. , Shum David H. K. , McConnell Harry , Hamilton‐Craig Ian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractArtifact is common in cardiac RR interval data that is recorded for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. A novel algorithm for artifact detection and interpolation in RR interval data is described. It is based on spatial distribution mapping of RR interval magnitude and relationships to adjacent values in three dimensions. The characteristics of normal physiological RR intervals and artifact intervals were established using 24‐h recordings from 20 technician‐assessed human cardiac recordings. The algorithm was incorporated into a preprocessing tool and validated using 30 artificial RR (ARR) interval data files, to which known quantities of artifact (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%) were added. The impact of preprocessing ARR files with 1% added artifact was also assessed using 10 time domain and frequency domain HRV metrics. The preprocessing tool was also used to preprocess 69 24‐h human cardiac recordings. The tool was able to remove artifact from technician‐assessed human cardiac recordings (sensitivity 0.84, SD = 0.09, specificity of 1.00, SD = 0.01) and artificial data files. The removal of artifact had a low impact on time domain and frequency domain HRV metrics (ranging from 0% to 2.5% change in values). This novel preprocessing tool can be used with human 24‐h cardiac recordings to remove artifact while minimally affecting physiological data and therefore having a low impact on HRV measures of that data.
Socio‐cultural dynamics shaping the potential of aquaculture to deliver development outcomes
Authors: Morgan Miranda , Terry Geraldine , Rajaratnam Surendran , Pant Jharendu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThere is growing appreciation of the role of aquaculture in diversifying livelihoods of the poor. However, prevailing cultural norms and values, and social relations often influence its development outcomes, which we explore in this study. Socio‐cultural dynamics affect the capacity of resource‐poor and marginalized groups for the adoption and retention of aquaculture technologies. Gender norms and gender division of labour in a given community not only influence whether men or women participate in aquaculture but also shape their differential access to resources and position in decision‐making, with knock‐on effect for aquaculture productivity. Ethnic and cultural norms of collectivism, particularly in traditional fishing communities, support aquaculture efforts, but these are often overlooked by many development endeavours. Improved productivity does not necessarily translate into enhanced income, food and nutrition security. In many areas, benefits for women are lower despite their more active participation in aquaculture operations, post‐harvest processing and marketing compared to men. Local power relations may limit access to land and water resources as well as inputs and services by the poor, restricting more equitable distribution of income from aquaculture. Nutritional outcome from aquaculture largely depends on preferences and acceptability of fish as a food and local customs regarding its preparation, preservation, cooking and distribution. Aquaculture interventions that take resource base and socio‐cultural contexts into account are crucial for realizing increased income, food and nutrition benefits sustainably.
Silencing the porcine iGb3s gene does not affect Galα3Gal levels or measures of anticipated pig‐to‐human and pig‐to‐primate acute rejection
Authors: Butler James R. , Skill Nicholas J. , Priestman David L. , Platt Frances M. , Li Ping , Estrada Jose L. , Martens Gregory R. , Ladowski Joseph M. , Tector Matthew , Tector A. Joseph 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe Galα(1,3)Gal epitope (α‐GAL), created by α‐1,3‐glycosyltransferase‐1 (GGTA1), is a major xenoantigen causing hyperacute rejection in pig‐to‐primate and pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation. In response, GGTA1 gene‐deleted pigs have been generated. However, it is unclear whether there is a residual small amount of α‐Gal epitope expressed in GGTA1−/− pigs. Isoglobotrihexosylceramide synthase (iGb3s), another member of the glycosyltransferase family, catalyzes the synthesis of isoglobo‐series glycosphingolipids with an α‐GAL‐terminal disaccharide (iGb3), creating the possibility that iGb3s may be a source of α‐GAL epitopes in GGTA1−/− animals. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of silencing the iGb3s gene (A3GalT2) on pig‐to‐primate and pig‐to‐human immune cross‐reactivity by creating and comparing GGTA1−/− pigs to GGTA1−/−‐ and A3GalT2−/−‐double‐knockout pigs.MethodsWe used the CRISPR/Cas 9 system to target the GGTA1 and A3GalT2 genes in pigs. Both GGTA1 and A3GalT2 genes are functionally inactive in humans and baboons. CRISPR‐treated cells used directly for somatic cell nuclear transfer produced single‐ and double‐gene‐knockout piglets in a single pregnancy. Once grown to maturity, the glycosphingolipid profile (including iGb3) was assayed in renal tissue by normal‐phase liquid chromatography. In addition, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were subjected to (i) comparative cross‐match cytotoxicity analysis against human and baboon serum and (ii) IB4 staining for α‐GAL/iGb3.ResultsSilencing of the iGb3s gene significantly modulated the renal glycosphingolipid profile and iGb3 was not detected. Moreover, the human and baboon serum PBMC cytotoxicity and α‐GAL/iGb3 staining were unchanged by iGb3s silencing.ConclusionsOur data suggest that iGb3s is not a contributor to antibody‐mediated rejection in pig‐to‐primate or pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation. Although iGb3s gene silencing significantly changed the renal glycosphingolipid profile, the effect on Galα3Gal levels, antibody binding, and cytotoxic profiles of baboon and human sera on porcine PBMCs was neutral.
Public Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding the Use of Antibiotics and Resistance: Findings from a Cross‐Sectional Study Among Palestinian Adults
Authors: Abu Taha A. , Abu‐Zaydeh A. H. , Ardah R. A. , Al‐Jabi S. W. , Sweileh W. M. , Awang R. , Zyoud S. H. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryAntibiotics are considered to be among the most commonly sold drug classes in Palestine. Resistance to antibiotics has increased for reasons relating to the use and misuse of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, and attitudes regarding antibiotic use and awareness about resistance among adults visiting the emergency departments at hospitals in North Palestine. A self‐administered cross‐sectional questionnaire survey involving participants aged 18 or over was conducted from June 2012 to February 2013. Adults who visited the emergency departments at hospitals in North Palestine were included. Demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use were included in the questionnaire. Poor and good knowledge were defined as a total knowledge score of 0–7 and 8–15 of 15 questions, respectively. Attitude scores of 0–3 and 4–7 of 7 questions were considered poor and good, respectively. A total of 375 questionnaires were included in the study. A response rate of 83.3% was attained. About 55.0% of the participants had a good knowledge and 56.5% had a good attitude towards rational antibiotic use. A significant positive correlation was shown between participants’ knowledge scores and participants’ attitude scores towards antibiotic use (R = 0.344, P = 0.001. Participants with a high family income were more likely to be aware of appropriate antibiotic use than participants with a low family income (P‐value <0.001). Participants with a higher educational level (university) had a good attitude towards rational antibiotic use than those with a lower education level (P‐value <0.001). This study has documented important knowledge and attitude gaps in antibiotic use. These findings will help health policymakers in Palestine to implement intervention programmes to rationalize antibiotic use. Continuing medical education, professional development and training workshops for healthcare professionals regarding rational use of antibiotics and health risks associated with the spread of antibiotic resistance are needed. In addition, minimizing non‐prescription use of antibiotics and increasing the public awareness about the health and economic hazards of antibiotic resistance are also required.