bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug-eluting Ballonangioplastie: Gibt es Klasseneffekte?
Authors: Teichgräber Ulf , Klumb Christof 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Die perkutane transluminale Angioplastie (PTA) ist ein anerkanntes Verfahren zur Gefäßrekanalisierung. Ein mögliches Werkzeug zur Ergebnisoptimierung sind Paclitaxel-beschichtete Ballonkatheter (drug coated balloon, DCB). Ziel dieses systematischen Reviews ist, herauszufinden, ob zwischen den unterschiedlichen DCB ein Klasseneffekt besteht.
Material und Methoden Primärer Endpunkt war die Freiheit von Re-Intervention (FfTLR) nach 1 Jahr. Eine systematische Literatursuche bei PubMed wurde durchgeführt, das Verzerrungsrisiko der eingeschlossenen Studien wurde erhoben. Die Effektivität von DCB gegenüber unbeschichteten Ballonkathetern (POBA) wurde für binäre Endpunkte durch Bestimmung des relativen Risikos und Anzahl der notwendigen Behandlungen (number needed to treat, NNT) untersucht.
Ergebnisse Zehn Studien mit 1835 Patienten wurden identifiziert – diese untersuchten 6 verschiedene DCB – es zeigte sich ein hohes Verzerrungsrisiko. Es wurde ein geringerer Late Lumen Loss (DCB: − 0,01 – 0,51 mm; POBA: 1,0 – 1,7 mm) nach DCB-Behandlung nach 6 Monaten und eine höhere FfTLR (DCB: 71 – 98%; POBA: 52 – 85%) sowie höhere primäre Offenheit (DCB: 65 – 84%; POBA: 34 – 61%) nach DCB-Behandlung nach 1 Jahr beobachtet – insbesondere bei der FfTLR zeigten sich große Unterschiede in der DCB-Effektivität zwischen den Studien. Die NNT variierte zwischen 3 und 33. In Summe zeigten sich keine Vorteile nach DCB-Behandlung in Bezug auf ABI- und Rutherford-Outcome nach 1 Jahr; nach DCB-Behandlung traten keine vermehrten Komplikationen auf.
Schlussfolgerungen Die getesteten DCB konnten das PTA-Ergebnis nach 1 Jahr verbessern. Es zeigen sich jedoch deutliche Unterschiede in der Effektivität zwischen den unterschiedlichen DCB. Ein Klasseneffekt kann daher aktuell nicht bestätigt werden. Bedingt durch das hohe Verzerrungsrisiko in den Studien ist zu befürchten, dass der Effekt der DCB-Behandlung überschätzt wird.
Using neurostimulation to understand the impact of pre-morbid individual differences on post-lesion outcomes
Authors: Woollams Anna M. , Madrid Gaston , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Data from patients with brain damage have provided unique insights into the neural bases of cognitive function. Yet interpretation of patient data is complicated by the possible influence of pre-morbid individual differences on performance. We addressed this issue by considering the impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced “virtual lesions” of the left anterior temporal lobe upon reading performance in healthy individuals who vary in their degree of semantic reliance during reading. TMS only disrupted performance in higher semantic reliance readers. These results establish a direct link between pre-morbid individual differences and post-damage outcomes. Our virtual lesion approach provides a methodology through which the impact of pre-morbid individual differences can be examined and their theoretical implications understood.
Coexpression of NOS2 and COX2 accelerates tumor growth and reduces survival in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer
Authors: Basudhar Debashree , Glynn Sharon A. , Greer Madison , Somasundaram Veena , No Jae Hong , Scheiblin David A. , Garrido Pablo , Heinz William F. , Ryan Aideen E. , Weiss Jonathan M. , Cheng Robert Y. S. , Ridnour Lisa A. , Lockett Stephen J. , McVicar Daniel W. , Ambs Stefan , Wink David A. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) are inflammation-associated enzymes with oncogenic function in breast cancer. We show that crosstalk between NOS2/COX2 promotes aggressive phenotypes and that elevated coexpression of NOS2/COX2 in tumors predict significantly reduced patient survival (33%) when compared with 95% survival of estrogen receptor-negative patients with low NOS2/COX2 tumor expression. In addition, we have identified a tumor subtype-specific mechanism showing involvement of TNFα and/or endoplasmic reticulum stress as key players in this autocrine loop. Importantly, the simultaneous inhibition of NOS2/COX2 significantly reduced tumor growth in a xenograft murine model, suggesting that targeted inhibition of NOS2/COX2 may be therapeutically beneficial.
Gut health in poultry.
Authors: Kogut M. H. , Yin XiaoNan Yin XiaoNan , Yuan JianMin Yuan JianMin , Broom L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Although the gastrointestinal tract is frequently described simply as 'the gut', it is actually made up of: (1) an epithelium; (2) a diverse and robust immune arm, which contains most of the immune cells in the body; and (3) the commensal bacteria, which contain more cells than are present in the entire host organism. Understanding of the crosstalk between ALL of these interrelated components of the gut is what cumulatively makes the gut the basis for the well-being of animals and the motor that drives their performance. Optimal gut health is of vital importance to the performance of production animals and is synonymous in animal production industries with animal health. There does appear to be a direct relationship between animal performance and a 'healthy' gut, there is no clear definition that includes all the physiological functions of the intestinal tract, including nutrient digestion and absorption, host metabolism and energy generation, a stable microbiome, mucus layer development, barrier function and mucosal immune responses. The most basic function of the gut is regulating physiological homeostasis that provides the host the ability to withstand infectious and non-infectious stressors. This review updates our understanding of the interactions between the diverse physiological features of the gut and emphasizes the extent of areas encompassed by gut health and the ability to regulate animal production.
DIEGO: detection of differential alternative splicing using Aitchison’s geometry
Authors: Doose Gero , Bernhart Stephan H , Wagener Rabea , Hoffmann Steve 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMotivationAlternative splicing is a biological process of fundamental importance in most eukaryotes. It plays a pivotal role in cell differentiation and gene regulation and has been associated with a number of different diseases. The widespread availability of RNA-Sequencing capacities allows an ever closer investigation of differentially expressed isoforms. However, most tools for differential alternative splicing (DAS) analysis do not take split reads, i.e. the most direct evidence for a splice event, into account. Here, we present DIEGO, a compositional data analysis method able to detect DAS between two sets of RNA-Seq samples based on split reads.ResultsThe python tool DIEGO works without isoform annotations and is fast enough to analyze large experiments while being robust and accurate. We provide python and perl parsers for common formats.Availability and implementationThe software is available at: www.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de/Software/DIEGO.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
GRASS: semi-automated NMR-based structure elucidation of saccharides
Authors: Kapaev Roman R , Toukach Philip V 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Carbohydrates play crucial roles in various biochemical processes and are useful for developing drugs and vaccines. However, in case of carbohydrates, the primary structure elucidation is usually a sophisticated task. Therefore, they remain the least structurally characterized class of biomolecules, and it hampers the progress in glycochemistry and glycobiology. Creating a usable instrument designed to assist researchers in natural carbohydrate structure determination would advance glycochemistry in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

Results
We present GRASS (Generation, Ranking and Assignment of Saccharide Structures), a novel method for semi-automated elucidation of carbohydrate and derivative structures which uses unassigned 13C NMR spectra and information obtained from chromatography, optical, chemical and other methods. This approach is based on new methods of carbohydrate NMR simulation recently reported as the most accurate. It combines a broad diversity of supported structural features, high accuracy and performance.

Availability and implementation
GRASS is implemented in a free web tool available at http://csdb.glycoscience.ru/grass.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Dealing with time: a career in fish and fisheries
Authors: Morales-Nin Beatriz 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this essay, I review my career in fish and fisheries, describing my work in the context of the ideas of the period and how they have changed with time. My experience may be interesting especially for other women from social backgrounds that do not promote competitive careers. The main lessons that I have learned are that to be persistent and ambitious, to associate with top scientist, and good persons too! is rewarding at several levels. Not to try to be the one in the spotlight but to recognize other people merits gives good results in the long run. Moreover, to take risks from time to time and explore new territories, like science administration in my case, helps to reinvent yourself and keep the intellectual interest alive. I would like to encourage young scientists to persevere, be resilient and take, from time to time, risky decisions. Maybe one does not become rich, but the mental challenges, the networking, the travel and the exceptional places and life experiences make you rich in many worthy ways! One does never get bored.
Cranial Chordoma: A New Preoperative Grading System
Authors: Brito da Silva Harley , Straus David , Barber Jason K , Rostomily Robert C , Ferreira Manuel , Sekhar Laligam N 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Chordomas are rare but challenging neoplasms involving the skull base. A preoperative grading system will be useful to identify both areas for treatment and risk factors, and correlate to the degree of resection, complications, and recurrence.

OBJECTIVE
To propose a new grading system for cranial chordomas designed by the senior author. Its purpose is to enable comparison of different tumors with a similar pathology to clivus chordoma, and statistically correlate with postoperative outcomes.

METHODS
The numerical grading system included tumor size, site of the tumor, vascular encasement, intradural extension, brainstem invasion, and recurrence of the tumor either after surgery or radiotherapy with a range of 2 to 25 points; it was used in 42 patients with cranial chordoma. The grading system was correlated with number of operations for resection, degree of resection, number and type of complications, recurrence, and survival.

RESULTS
We found 3 groups: low-risk 0 to 7 points, intermediate-risk 8 to 12 points, and high-risk ≥13 points in the grading system. The 3 groups were correlated with the following: extent of resection (partial, subtotal, or complete; P < .002); number of operative stages to achieve removal (P < .014); tumor recurrence (P = .03); postoperative Karnofsky Performance Status (P < .001); and with successful outcome (P = .005). The grading system itself correlated with the outcome (P = .005).

CONCLUSION
The proposed chordoma grading system can help surgeons to predict the difficulty of the case and know which areas of the skull base will need attention to plan further therapy.
Conventional and Advanced Imaging of Spine Oncologic Disease, Nonoperative Post-treatment Effects, and Unique Spinal Conditions
Authors: Chokshi Falgun H , Law Meng , Gibbs Wende N 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this review, we discuss the imaging features of diseases and conditions ranging from neoplastic to nonoperative post-treatment effects to unique conditions of the spine. Additionally, advanced imaging may increase diagnostic certainty in cases where conventional imaging characteristics of benign lesions and malignant pathology are variable.
Vertebral Compression Fracture After Spine Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: A Review of the Pathophysiology and Risk Factors
Authors: Faruqi Salman , Tseng Chia-Lin , Whyne Cari , Alghamdi Majed , Wilson Jefferson , Myrehaug Sten , Soliman Hany , Lee Young , Maralani Pejman , Yang Victor , Fisher Charles , Sahgal Arjun 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is a challenging and not infrequent complication observed following spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

OBJECTIVE
To summarize the data from the multiple studies that have been published, addressing the risk and predictive factors for VCF post-SBRT.

METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted. Studies were selected if they specifically addressed risk factors for post-SBRT VCF in their analyses.

RESULTS
A total of 11 studies were identified, reporting both the risk of VCF post-SBRT and an analysis of risk factors based on univariate and multivariate analysis. A total of 2911 spinal segments were treated with a crude VCF rate of 13.9%. The most frequently identified risk factors on multivariate analysis were: lytic disease (hazard ratio [HR] range, 2.76-12.2), baseline VCF prior to SBRT (HR range, 1.69-9.25), higher dose per fraction SBRT (HR range, 5.03-6.82), spinal deformity (HR range, 2.99-11.1), older age (HR range, 2.15-5.67), and more than 40% to 50% of vertebral body involved by tumor (HR range, 3.9-4.46). In the 9 studies that specifically reported on the use of post-SBRT surgical procedures, 37% of VCF had undergone an intervention (range, 11%-60%).

CONCLUSION
VCF is an important adverse effect following SBRT. Risk factors have been identified to guide the selection of high-risk patients. Evidence-based algorithms with respect to patient selection and intervention are needed.
Treatment Outcomes of A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformation-Eligible Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Patients
Authors: Lang Min , Moore Nina Z , Rasmussen Peter A , Bain Mark D 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The guideline for treating unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ubAVMs) remains controversial. A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA) reported lower risk of stroke or death with conservative management compared to interventional treatment. There were numerous limitations to the study, including short follow-up period and disproportionate number of patients treated with surgery and embolization.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether treatment of ARUBA-eligible patients have acceptable outcomes at our institution.

METHODS
Retrospective analysis was performed on 673 patients with brain AVMs treated at our institution between 2001 and 2014. One hundred five patients were ARUBA eligible and included in the study. Patients were divided into the microsurgery or Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKS; Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) arm depending on their final treatment. Mean follow-up period was 43 mo (range 4-136 mo). Primary outcome was stroke or death.

RESULTS
A total of 8 (7.6%) patients had a stroke or died. The overall risk of stroke or death was 11.4% (5 of 44 patients) for the microsurgery arm and 4.9% (3 of 61 patients) for the GKS arm. The annual rates of stroke or death were 2.1%, 4.0%, and 1.2% for the entire patient cohort, microsurgery arm, and GKS arm, respectively. AVM obliteration rates at the end of the follow-up period were 95.5% and 47.5% for the microsurgery and GKS arms, respectively.

CONCLUSION
We report a lower overall risk of stroke or death in our ARUBA-eligible patients following treatment than ARUBA. Our results suggest that microsurgery and GKS may be appropriate treatments for patients with ubAVM.
Phase I Trial of DNX-2401 for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Newly Diagnosed in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Tejada Sonia , Alonso Marta , Patiño Ana , Fueyo Juan , Gomez-Manzano Candelaria , Diez-Valle Ricardo 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
There are no effective treatments for diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs); these tumors cannot be surgical resected, and diagnosis is based on magnetic resonance imaging. As a result, tumor tissues for molecular studies and pathologic diagnosis are infrequent. New clinical trials are investigating novel medications and therapeutic techniques in an effort to improve treatment of patients with DIPGs.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the safety, tolerability, and toxicity of an oncolytic adenovirus, DNX-2401, injected into the cerebellar peduncle in pediatric subjects with DIPG and to collect tumor samples of this type of tumor.

METHODS
Phase I, single-center, uncontrolled trial. A tumor biopsy will be performed through the cerebellar peduncle, and DNX-2401 will be injected immediately after the biopsy. Standard therapy consisting of radiotherapy and chemotherapy will follow in 2 to 6 wk.

EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Improvement of overall survival and quality of life in patients with DIPG and collection of tumor specimens to study the molecular profiling of these tumors.

DISCUSSION
The aims of this trial are to contribute to the sample collection of DIPG and to offer treatment during the tumor tissue biopsy using the virus. If this virus works as expected, it could kill the tumor cells with no damage to healthy tissue, functioning as a targeted therapy. It is important to note that edema has not been observed with this virus in all trials performed to date. The information obtained through this and other similar studies may be useful for developing or improving new therapies in the battle against DIPG.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery in the Management of Limited (1-4) Brain Metasteses: Systematic Review and International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society Practice Guideline
Authors: Chao Samuel T , De Salles Antonio , Hayashi Motohiro , Levivier Marc , Ma Lijun , Martinez Roberto , Paddick Ian , Régis Jean , Ryu Samuel , Slotman Ben J , Sahgal Arjun 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Guidelines regarding stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases are missing recently published evidence.

OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review and provide an objective summary of publications regarding SRS in managing patients with 1 to 4 brain metastases.

METHODS
Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Medline up to November 2016. A separate search was conducted for SRS for larger brain metastases.

RESULTS
Twenty-seven prospective studies, critical reviews, meta-analyses, and published consensus guidelines were reviewed. Four key points came from these studies. First, there is no detriment to survival by withholding whole brain radiation (WBRT) in the upfront management of brain metastases with SRS. Second, while SRS on its own provides a high rate of local control (LC), WBRT may provide further increase in LC. Next, WBRT does provide distant brain control with less need for salvage therapy. Finally, the addition of WBRT does affect neurocognitive function and quality of life more than SRS alone.
For larger brain metastases, surgical resection should be considered, especially when factoring lower LC with single-session radiosurgery. There is emerging data showing good LC and/or decreased toxicity with multisession radiosurgery.

CONCLUSION
A number of well-conducted prospective and meta-analyses studies demonstrate good LC, without compromising survival, using SRS alone for patients with a limited number of brain metastases. Some also demonstrated less impact on neurocognitive function with SRS alone. Practice guidelines were developed using these data with International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society consensus.
Esthesioneuroblastoma: A Patterns-of-Care and Outcomes Analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Orton Andrew , Boothe Dustin , Evans Daniel , Lloyd Shane , Monroe Marcus M , Jensen Randy , Shrieve Dennis C , Hitchcock Ying J 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The available literature to guide treatment decision making in esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is limited.

OBJECTIVE
To define treatment patterns and outcomes in ENB according to treatment modality using a large national cancer registry.

METHODS
This study is a retrospective cohort analysis of 931 patients with a diagnosis of ENB who were treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy in the United States between the years of 2004 and 2012. Log-rank statistics were used to compare overall survival by primary treatment modality. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify predictors of receipt of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT). Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to determine the survival benefit of PORT. Subgroup analyses identified subgroups that derived the greatest benefit of PORT.

RESULTS
Primary surgery was the most common treatment modality (90%) and resulted in superior survival compared to radiation (P < .01) or chemotherapy (P < .01). On multivariate analysis, PORT was associated with decreased risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.53, P < .01). PORT showed a survival benefit in Kadish stage C (HR 0.42, P < .01) and D (HR 0.09, P = .01), but not Kadish A (HR 1.17, P = .74) and B (HR 1.37, P = .80). Patients who received chemotherapy derived greater benefit from PORT (HR 0.22, P < .01) compared with those who did not (HR 0.68, P = .13). Predictors of PORT included stage, grade, extent of resection, and chemotherapy use.

CONCLUSION
Best outcomes were obtained in patients undergoing primary surgery. The benefit of PORT was driven by patients with stages C and D disease, and by those also receiving chemotherapy.
Military Neurosurgery Socioeconomic Data: Benefits, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Menger Richard , Robbins J Will , Bell Randy 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Military conflict and neurosurgery date back to antiquity. Neurosurgery's development is intimately linked with Harvey Cushing's military experience. Previous papers highlighted unique opportunities and socioeconomic challenges facing military neurosurgeons. Here, we provide objective data from military neurosurgeons surrounding these issues.
Internet survey responses were solicited from current, separated, and retired military neurosurgeons regarding workforce issues and their perception of military neurosurgery.
A total of 80.9% (98/121) of respondents enjoyed their military experience, 63.6% (77/121) were very pleased with their service; 97.4% (114/117) enjoyed treating military patients, and 78.2% (93/119) would recommend military service. Positives included feelings of patriotism (87.4%), development of camaraderie (71.4%), and deployment experience (93.8%).
However, 76.5% of respondents noted concerns regarding military and civilian pay disparity. 37.5% were overwhelmed with administrative responsibilities, and over 50% desired higher case volume.
Multivariate analysis showed those who failed to develop a sense of camaraderie were more likely to be dissatisfied (P = .02). Those still currently serving trended towards dissatisfaction (P = .08), and current military neurosurgeons were only 0.29 times as likely to recommend military service to another neurosurgeon as compared to those who were retired or separated (P < .024).
Service as a military neurosurgeon is an overwhelmingly positive experience but opportunities exist for mechanisms to increase operative case load, reduce administrative responsibilities, and reduce military–civilian income disparity. Addressing these issues is important as current military neurosurgeons were more likely to be dissatisfied with their military experience and less likely to recommend military service to another neurosurgeon.