bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous or Sequential? Search Strategies in the U.S. Auto Insurance Industry
Authors: Honka Elisabeth , Chintagunta Pradeep 
Published: August 2016

We study the identification of the search method consumers use when resolving uncertainty in the prices of alternatives. We show that the search method—simultaneous or sequential—is identified with data on consumers’ consideration sets (but not the sequence of searches), prices for the considered alternatives and marketwide price distributions. We show that identification comes from differences in the patterns of actual prices in consumers’ consideration sets across search methods. We also provide a new estimation approach for the sequential search model that uses such data. Using data on consumer shopping behavior in the U.S. auto insurance industry that contain information on consideration sets and choices, we find that the pattern of actual prices in consumers’ consideration sets is consistent with consumers searching simultaneously. Via counterfactuals we show that the consideration set and purchase market shares of the largest insurance companies are overpredicted under the incorrect assumption of sequential search. As the search method affects consumers’ consideration sets, which in turn influence brand choices, understanding the nature of consumer search and its implications for consideration and choice is important from a managerial perspective. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0995 .
Stature, Obesity, and Portfolio Choice
Authors: Addoum Jawad M. , Korniotis George , Kumar Alok 
Published: August 2016

Using multiple U.S. and European data sources, we show that observed physical attributes are related to participation in financial markets. Specifically, we find that individuals who are relatively tall and of normal weight are more likely to hold stocks in their financial portfolios. We consider several potential mechanisms that could drive the relation between physical attributes and portfolio decisions. We find that teenage social experiences as well as genetic and prenatal endowments that are fixed at birth are the two channels through which height affects financial decisions. Furthermore, we find that the relation between body mass index and portfolio decisions is largely driven by education and race. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2508 . This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
An 11- to 15-year clinical outcome study of the Advance Medial Pivot total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Karachalios Th. , Varitimidis S. , Bargiotas K. , Hantes M. , Roidis N. , Malizos K. N. 
Published: August 2016

AimsThe Advance Medial-Pivot total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was designed to reflect contemporary data regarding the kinematics of the knee. We wished to examine the long-term results obtained with this prosthesis by extending a previous evaluation.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated prospectively collected data from 225 consecutive patients (41 men and 184 women; mean age at surgery 71 years, 52 to 84) who underwent 284 TKAs with a mean follow-up of 13.4 years (11 to 15). Implant failure, complication rate, clinical (both subjective and objective) and radiological outcome were assessed. Pre- and post-operative clinical and radiographic data were available at regular intervals for all patients. A total of ten patients (4.4%; ten TKAs) were lost to follow-up.ResultsSurvival analysis at 15 years showed a cumulative success rate of 97.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 96.7 to 97.9) for revision for any reason, of 96.4% (95% CI 95.2 to 97.6) for all operations, and 98.8% (95% CI 98.2 to 99.4) for aseptic loosening as an end point. Three TKAs (1.06%) were revised due to aseptic loosening, two (0.7%) due to infection, one (0.35%) due to instability and one (0.35%) due to a traumatic dislocation. All patients showed a statistically significant improvement on the Knee Society Score (p = 0.001), Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (p = 0.001), Short Form-12 (p = 0.01), and Oxford Knee Score (p = 0.01). A total of 207 patients (92%) were able to perform age appropriate activities with a mean flexion of the knee of 117° (85° to 135°) at final follow-up.ConclusionThis study demonstrates satisfactory functional and radiographic long-term results for this implant. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1050–5.
Articulating polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacers may have an immunomodulating effect on synovial tissue
Authors: Singh G. , Deutloff N. , Maertens N. , Meyer H. , Awiszus F. , Feuerstein B. , Roessner A. , Lohmann C. H. 
Published: August 2016

Aims Tissue responses to debris formed by abrasion of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacers at two-stage revision arthroplasty for prosthetic joint infection are not well described. We hypothesised that PMMA debris induces immunomodulation in periprosthetic tissues. Patients and Methods Samples of tissue were taken during 35 two-stage revision arthroplasties (nine total hip and 26 total knee arthroplasties) in patients whose mean age was 67 years (44 to 85). Fourier transform infrared microscopy was used to confirm the presence of PMMA particles. Histomorphometry was performed using Sudan Red and Haematoxylin-Eosin staining. CD-68, CD-20, CD-11(c), CD-3 and IL-17 antibodies were used to immunophenotype the inflammatory cells. All slides were scored semi-quantitatively using the modified Willert scoring system. Results The mean CD-68 scores did not show any significant change during the six weeks between the stages. Perivascular and diffuse scores showed significant difference in CD-3, CD-20, CD-11(c) and IL-17. At the time of re-implantation, a shift in the pattern of the expression of dendritic cells towards a perivascular arrangement and towards the periphery of PMMA particles was observed. Positive microbiological cultures were found at the time of re-implantation in three patients. Five further revisions were required for other reasons. Conclusion Our results represent a biological reaction of the synovial tissues to spacers with a less diffuse expression of dendritic cells and an increased expression of perivascular lymphocytes. The use of spacers in two-stage revision for infection probably induces an immunomodulation of synovial tissues. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1062–8.
Are radiographic measurements of the displacement of a distal radial fracture reliable and reproducible?
Authors: Stirling E. , Jeffery J. , Johnson N. , Dias J. 
Published: August 2016

Aims The degree of displacement of a fracture of the distal radius is an important factor which can be assessed using simple radiographic measurements. Our aim was to investigate the reliability and reproducibility of these measurements and to determine if they should be used clinically. Patients and Methods A 10% sample was randomly generated from 3670 consecutive adult patients who had presented to University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust between 2007 and 2010 with a fracture of the distal radius. Radiographs of the 367 patients were assessed by two independent reviewers. Four measurements of displacement of the fracture were recorded and the inter-observer correlation assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient. Results Inter-observer correlation was high (> 0.8) for three of the four measurements. Repeat measurements of a further randomly generated 10% sample (37) were made four weeks later to assess intra-observer agreement, which was again high (> 0.8) for the same three parameters (radial height, radial inclination and dorsal/palmar tilt). Correlation was poor for articular step and gap. Conclusion Radiographic assessment of radial angle, radial inclination and dorsal/palmar tilt is a reliable method of determining the degree of displacement of a fracture of the distal radius. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1069–73.
Organo-Functionalized Kaolin-Group Minerals
Authors: Matusik Jakub 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The kaolin-group minerals with 1:1 layered structure can be used for the synthesis of new hybrid organo-inorganic nanomaterials. An appropriate selection of the reacting molecules introduced via intercalation and/or grafting reactions and synthesis conditions may induce interesting properties, e.g. luminescence, catalytic activity, and affinity to sorb ions and molecules. To date, several new materials have been synthesized using the 1:1 layered structure as a building block. The most interesting materials could be obtained via grafting reaction involving the inner-surface OH groups of the octahedral sheet. Such materials show increased thermal stability as well as stability in aqueous solutions, unlike intercalation compounds. Note the susceptibility of the octahedral sheet of kaolinite to interact with selected organic molecules and the subsequent formation of Al–O–C bonds in the interlayer. Four different types of materials which could be obtained using kaolin-group minerals and their possible applications are discussed here: (1) kaolinite nanotubes in the synthesis of polylactide-based nanocomposites; (2) methoxy-kaolinite and intercalates with ammonium salts; (3) interlayer quaternized kaolinites and their anion-exchange properties; and (4) interlayer grafted kaolinites for heavy-metal sorption.
Análisis dendroclimático de Pinus pseudostrobus y Pinus devoniana en los municipios de Áporo y Zitácuaro (Michoacán), Reserva de la Biósfera de la Mariposa Monarca
Authors: Marlès Magre Jaume , Valor Ivars Teresa , Claramunt López Bernat , Maneja Zaragoza Roser , Pérez Salicrup Diego R. , Sánchez Mateo Sònia , Boada Juncà Martí 
Published: August 2016

<p>Se presenta el primer estudio sobre dendroclimatología de Pinus pseudostrobus y Pinus devoniana en el estado de Michoacán (México). El estudio se realizó en los municipios de Áporo y Zitácuaro de la Reserva de la Biosfera de la Mariposa Monarca (RBMM). Se colectaron cien testimonios de madera tomados a 1.3 m de altura del árbol, repartidas en los ejidos del Rincón del Soto y Arroyo Seco (Áporo), y en el ejido de San Juan de Zitácuaro. Las series dendrocronológicas en Áporo para la especie Pinus pseudostrobus se extendió a 62 años (1949-2010) y para Pinus devoniana 86 años (1925-2010); y las series en Zitácuaro para Pinus pseudostrobus y Pinus devoniana se extendieron a 47 años (1964-2010) y 44 años (1967-2010), respectivamente.</p>Con el objetivo de establecer los parámetros climáticos que controlan el crecimiento radial de las especies estudiadas, se encontró que la serie potencial para hacer estudios dendrocronológicos es la de Pinus pseudostrobus en Zitácuaro. El valor de la serie de Pinus devoniana se encuentra ligeramente por debajo (0.81) del valor de aceptación (0.85). Las series de crecimiento radial se compararon con datos climáticos de precipitación mensual, temperatura media mensual, temperatura máxima y mínima medias mensuales, de estaciones meteorológicas cercanas al área en estudio. Las funciones de correlación indican que la anchura de los anillos de ambas especies está regulada significativamente por la precipitación y la temperatura máxima media en Zitácuaro. Ambas especies reaccionan semejantemente con el clima, pero con algunas diferencias. Para Pinus pseudostrobus hay una relación positiva del crecimiento radial con el aumento de precipitación en el mes de abril del año actual; y hay una relación negativa del crecimiento radial con el aumento de temperatura máxima media en el mes de agosto del año previo. Para Pinus devoniana hay una relación negativa del crecimiento radial con el aumento de precipitación en el mes de noviembre del año previo, y una relación positiva en febrero del año actual; y hay una relación negativa del crecimiento radial con el aumento de temperature máxima media en los meses de julio y agosto del año previo.<p> </p>
Efeitos da desertificação na composição de espécies do bioma Caatinga, Paraíba/Brasil
Authors: Souza Bartolomeu Israel , Menezes Rafael , Artigas Rafael Cámara 
Published: August 2016

<p>A desertificação é reconhecida como uma das principais ameaças a zonas de clima seco em todo mundo. No Brasil, esse fenômeno tem atingido especialmente o bioma Caatinga, para o qual ainda existe pouca informação acerca de suas consequências na composição florística. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar este efeito em sítios inseridos em três municípios da Paraíba (Nordeste, Brasil). Sítios de amostragem foram previamente selecionados por imagens de satélite usando a técnica IVDN, seguido de um levantamento vegetacional in locu (método transecto) abrangendo ambientes não-desertificados e desertificados. Análises univariadas (teste U) e multivariadas (nMDS) foram usadas a verificar diferenças nas variáveis vegetacionais e demonstrar padrões de dissimilaridades entre os ambientes contrastantes, respectivamente. A riqueza e diversidade de plantas diferiram significativamente entre os ambientes. O nMDS identificou três grupos de plantas: i) espécies associadas a áreas não-desertificadas (Anadenanthera columbrina, Bauhinia cheilantha e Tabebuia impetiginosa), ii) espécies relacionadas a áreas desertificadas (Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Jatropha molissima, Mimosa tenuiflora e Pilosocereus gounellei) e iii) espécies presentes nos dois tipos de ambientes (Croton sonderianus, Piptadenia stipulacea e Poincianella pyramidalis). Os resultados apontaram que a desertificação desencadeou mudanças severas na composição florística da Caatinga, indicando também que as intervenções humanas foram determinantes no estabelecimento dos diferentes ambientes.</p>
La gestión territorial del patrimonio industrial en Castilla y León (España): fábricas y paisajes
Authors: Benito del Pozo Paz , Calderón Calderón Basilio , Ruiz-Valdepeñas Henar Pascual 
Published: August 2016

Este artículo analiza las estrategias de intervención más destacadas desde el último tercio del siglo XX en el patrimonio industrial español y de manera particular en una de sus regiones, Castilla y León. Tras una reflexión sobre los principales agentes que han propiciado la construcción social del concepto de patrimonio industrial, se hace una síntesis crítica de las intervenciones más frecuentes en España y caracterizadas por las limitaciones de la legislación protectora, así como por una extrema tolerancia urbanístico-legal, para proponer finalmente una clasificación de las mismas. La discusión se centra, a continuación, en el análisis empírico de tres casos singulares que afectan a sectores protagonistas de la industrialización histórica en el ámbito regional de estudio: el patrimonio minero-siderúrgico en zonas de montaña (Sabero-León) y las fábricas de harina (Valladolid) y de azúcar (León capital) localizadas en áreas urbanas. Desde el punto de vista de la gestión los resultados ponen de manifiesto el carácter tardío e incompleto de las intervenciones en el patrimonio industrial, la subordinación de las acciones de puesta en valor a las estrategias urbanísticas en las ciudades, y el peso de las políticas de desarrollo local en la recuperación y uso de la herencia industrial en los contextos rurales. En todos los casos el patrimonio industrial se perfila como un recurso de notable potencial, aunque su gestión pueda ser imperfecta y ofrecer luces y sombras.
Intellectual Freedom, Libraries and Democracy
Authors: Sturges Paul 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis exploration of the connection between the library and the broader socio-political sphere in which it functions is based on a keynote presentation originally given at the BOBCATSSS Conference in Lyons, January 2016. The freedom to seek and receive information and ideas in a secure and private environment is identified as the way in which the library contributes to intellectual freedom. Historical examples of radical thinkers who had or did not have this kind of access can be identified. The contribution of libraries is seldom overtly radical, but by offering access to content in a protected environment, libraries nurture potential political activists and leaders. A connection between libraries and democratic activity, which cannot necessarily be thought of as causal, can be observed, and even in non-democratic states the library can still make its own unobtrusive contribution.
Removal of Cr(III) ions from salt solution by nanofiltration: experimental and modelling analysis
Authors: Kowalik-Klimczak Anna , Zalewski Mariusz , Gierycz Paweł 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was experimental and modelling analysis of the nanofiltration process used for the removal of chromium(III) ions from salt solution characterized by low pH. The experimental results were interpreted with Donnan and Steric Partitioning Pore (DSP) model based on the extended Nernst-Planck equation. In this model, one of the main parameters, describing retention of ions by the membrane, is pore dielectric constant. In this work, it was identified for various process pressures and feed compositions. The obtained results showed the satisfactory agreement between the experimental and modelling data. It means that the DSP model may be helpful for the monitoring of nanofiltration process applied for treatment of chromium tannery wastewater.
Quotients of Strongly Realcompact Groups
Authors: Morales L. , Tkachenko M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A topological group is strongly realcompact if it is topologically isomorphic to a closed subgroup of
a product of separable metrizable groups. We show that if H is an invariant Čech-complete subgroup of an
ω-narrow topological group G, then G is strongly realcompact if and only if G/H is strongly realcompact. Our
proof of this result is based on a thorough study of the interaction between the P-modification of topological
groups and the operation of taking quotient groups.
Functional Genetic Screen to Identify Interneurons Governing Behaviorally Distinct Aspects ofDrosophilaLarval Motor Programs
Authors: Clark Matt Q , McCumsey Stephanie J , Lopez-Darwin Sereno , Heckscher Ellie S , Doe Chris Q 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDrosophila larval crawling is an attractive system to study rhythmic motor output at the level of animal behavior. Larval crawling consists of waves of muscle contractions generating forward or reverse locomotion. In addition, larvae undergo additional behaviors, including head casts, turning, and feeding. It is likely that some neurons (e.g., motor neurons) are used in all these behaviors, but the identity (or even existence) of neurons dedicated to specific aspects of behavior is unclear. To identify neurons that regulate specific aspects of larval locomotion, we performed a genetic screen to identify neurons that, when activated, could elicit distinct motor programs. We used 165 Janelia CRM-Gal4 lines—chosen for sparse neuronal expression—to ectopically express the warmth-inducible neuronal activator TrpA1, and screened for locomotor defects. The primary screen measured forward locomotion velocity, and we identified 63 lines that had locomotion velocities significantly slower than controls following TrpA1 activation (28°). A secondary screen was performed on these lines, revealing multiple discrete behavioral phenotypes, including slow forward locomotion, excessive reverse locomotion, excessive turning, excessive feeding, immobile, rigid paralysis, and delayed paralysis. While many of the Gal4 lines had motor, sensory, or muscle expression that may account for some or all of the phenotype, some lines showed specific expression in a sparse pattern of interneurons. Our results show that distinct motor programs utilize distinct subsets of interneurons, and provide an entry point for characterizing interneurons governing different elements of the larval motor program.
Fine Mapping of the Barley Chromosome 6H Net Form Net Blotch Susceptibility Locus
Authors: Richards Jonathan , Chao Shiaoman , Friesen Timothy , Brueggeman Robert 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Net form net blotch, caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. teres, is a destructive foliar disease of barley with the potential to cause significant yield loss in major production regions throughout the world. The complexity of the host–parasite genetic interactions in this pathosystem hinders the deployment of effective resistance in barley cultivars, warranting a deeper understanding of the interactions. Here, we report on the high-resolution mapping of the dominant susceptibility locus near the centromere of chromosome 6H in the barley cultivars Rika and Kombar, which are putatively targeted by necrotrophic effectors from P. teres f. teres isolates 6A and 15A, respectively. Utilization of progeny isolates derived from a cross of P. teres f. teres isolates 6A × 15A harboring single major virulence loci (VK1, VK2, and VR2) allowed for the Mendelization of single inverse gene-for-gene interactions in a high-resolution population consisting of 2976 Rika × Kombar recombinant gametes. Brachypodium distachyon synteny was exploited to develop and saturate the susceptibility region with markers, delimiting it to ∼0.24 cM and a partial physical map was constructed. This genetic and physical characterization further resolved the dominant susceptibility locus, designated Spt1 (susceptibility to P. teres f. teres). The high-resolution mapping and cosegregation of the Spt1.R and Spt1.K gene/s indicates tightly linked genes in repulsion or alleles possibly targeted by different necrotrophic effectors. Newly developed barley genomic resources greatly enhance the efficiency of positional cloning efforts in barley, as demonstrated by the Spt1 fine mapping and physical contig identification reported here.
Construction and Annotation of a High Density SNP Linkage Map of the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Genome
Authors: Tsai Hsin Y , Robledo Diego , Lowe Natalie R , Bekaert Michael , Taggart John B , Bron James E , Houston Ross D 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHigh density linkage maps are useful tools for fine-scale mapping of quantitative trait loci, and characterization of the recombination landscape of a species’ genome. Genomic resources for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) include a well-assembled reference genome, and high density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Our aim was to create a high density linkage map, and to align it with the reference genome assembly. Over 96,000 SNPs were mapped and ordered on the 29 salmon linkage groups using a pedigreed population comprising 622 fish from 60 nuclear families, all genotyped with the ‘ssalar01’ high density SNP array. The number of SNPs per group showed a high positive correlation with physical chromosome length (r = 0.95). While the order of markers on the genetic and physical maps was generally consistent, areas of discrepancy were identified. Approximately 6.5% of the previously unmapped reference genome sequence was assigned to chromosomes using the linkage map. Male recombination rate was lower than females across the vast majority of the genome, but with a notable peak in subtelomeric regions. Finally, using RNA-Seq data to annotate the reference genome, the mapped SNPs were categorized according to their predicted function, including annotation of ∼2500 putative nonsynonymous variants. The highest density SNP linkage map for any salmonid species has been created, annotated, and integrated with the Atlantic salmon reference genome assembly. This map highlights the marked heterochiasmy of salmon, and provides a useful resource for salmonid genetics and genomics research.