bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misallocation in the Chinese land market
Authors: Fei Xuan , Hu Yumin , Xu Mingzhi (Jimmy) 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe develop a spatial equilibrium model to quantify welfare losses from land market distortions in China. In the model, heterogeneous firms in various sectors choose their locations across regions with costly trade, frictional labour migration and land market distortions. We match land transaction and firm‐level survey data to estimate land market distortions for firms. Misallocation arises when similar firms are faced with land prices that effectively prevent productive firms from establishing in large cities where they can benefit from agglomeration forces and access higher productivity. Our framework incorporating land market distortions also sheds light on the mystery of China's undersized big cities, a phenomenon noted by Au and Henderson (2006) and Chauvin et al. (2017). Our estimates suggest large negative effects of land policies on the economic welfare in China. We end with a counterfactual exercise revealing that a coordinated land and labour migration reform would generate welfare gains and reduce regional inequality.
Optimizing Surface Voxelization for Triangular Meshes with Equidistant Scanlines and Gap Detection
Authors: Delgado Díez S. , Cerrada Somolinos C. , Gómez Palomo S. R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient algorithm for voxelizing the surface of triangular meshes in a single compute pass. The algorithm uses parallel equidistant lines to traverse the interior of triangles, minimizing costly memory operations and avoiding visiting the same voxels multiple times. By detecting and visiting only the voxels in each line operation, the proposed method achieves better performance results. This method incorporates a gap detection step, targeting areas where scanline‐based voxelization methods might fail. By selectively addressing these gaps, our method attains superior performance outcomes. Additionally, the algorithm is written entirely in a single compute GLSL shader, which makes it highly portable and vendor independent. Its simplicity also makes it easy to adapt and extend for various applications. The paper compares the results of this algorithm with other modern methods, comprehensibly comparing the time performance and resources used. Additionally, we introduce a novel metric, the ‘Slope Consistency Value’, which quantifies triangle orientation's impact on voxelization accuracy for scanline‐based approaches. The results show that the proposed solution outperforms existing, modern ones and obtains better results, especially in densely populated scenes with homogeneous triangle sizes and at higher resolutions.
Guided bone regeneration at dehiscence comparing synthetic bone substitute versus bovine bone mineral: A multicenter, noninferiority, randomized trial
Authors: Cha Jae‐Kook , Jung Ui‐Won , Montero‐Solis Eduardo , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , Sanz‐Alonso Mariano 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of guided bone regeneration (GBR) for the treatment of peri‐implant dehiscence defects using a synthetic bone substitute (SBS) or a deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) as a bone substitute.MethodsPatients with expected dehiscence defects following implant placement were randomized to use either SBS or DBBM together with a bioabsorbable collagen membrane over dehiscenced implant surfaces aimed for GBR. The changes in the bone defect size were measured before the GBR procedure and 6 months after implant placement at the re‐entry surgery. Secondary outcomes included peri‐implant health outcomes, implant cumulative survival rates, bone level changes, and patient‐reported outcomes (PROMs) at prosthesis delivery and 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsOf the 49 included patients, 24 were treated with SBS and 25 with DBBM. In the SBS group, the defect height (DH) at implant insertion was 5.1 ± 2.6 mm and was reduced at re‐entry to 1.3 ± 2.0 mm (74.5%). In the DBBM group, the respective changes in DH were 4.1 ± 1.7 mm and 1.5 ± 1.9 mm (63.4%). These differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.216). The complete defect resolution rate was also comparable in both groups without statistical difference (62.5% of patients (15/24) vs. 44% of patients (11/25)). Overall, the marginal bone levels remained stable during the 1‐year follow‐up in both groups.ConclusionThe SBS is noninferior to DBBM for simultaneous GBR to implant placement at implant sites with buccal dehiscences in terms of defect resolution and evaluated secondary outcomes (KCT0008393 − this clinical trial was not registered before participant recruitment and randomization).
Kin Cognition and Communication: What Talking, Gesturing, and Drawing About Family Can Tell us About the Way We Think About This Core Social Structure
Authors: Devylder Simon , Hinnell Jennifer , van de Weier Joost , Brink Andersen Linea , Laporte‐Devylder Lucie , Kulukul Heron Ken Tomaki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhen people talk about kinship systems, they often use co‐speech gestures and other representations to elaborate. This paper investigates such polysemiotic (spoken, gestured, and drawn) descriptions of kinship relations, to see if they display recurring patterns of conventionalization that capture specific social structures. We present an exploratory hypothesis‐generating study of descriptions produced by a lesser‐known ethnolinguistic community to the cognitive sciences: the Paamese people of Vanuatu. Forty Paamese speakers were asked to talk about their family in semi‐guided kinship interviews. Analyses of the speech, gesture, and drawings produced during these interviews revealed that lineality (i.e., mother's side vs. father's side) is lateralized in the speaker's gesture space. In other words, kinship members of the speaker's matriline are placed on the left side of the speaker's body and those of the patriline are placed on their right side, when they are mentioned in speech. Moreover, we find that the gesture produced by Paamese participants during verbal descriptions of marital relations are performed significantly more often on two diagonal directions of the sagittal axis. We show that these diagonals are also found in the few diagrams that participants drew on the ground to augment their verbo‐gestural descriptions of marriage practices with drawing. We interpret this behavior as evidence of a spatial template, which Paamese speakers activate to think and communicate about family relations. We therefore argue that extending investigations of kinship structures beyond kinship terminologies alone can unveil additional key factors that shape kinship cognition and communication and hereby provide further insights into the diversity of social structures.
Small Donors, Big Impact: Optimizing Organ Utilization in Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation From Extra Small Pediatric Donors
Authors: Choudhary Devprakash , Rally Sahil , Panjathia Arun , Bamaniya Bharat , Matar Abraham , Sethi Jasmine , Patil Shivakumar S. , Singh Sarbpreet , Kenwar Deepesh , Bhadada Sanjay , Kandaswamy Raja , Sharma Ashish 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionSimultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation (SPK) is the preferred treatment for individuals with type‐1 diabetes and end‐stage renal disease. However, a limited supply of “Ideal Pancreas Donors” contributed to a growing disparity between available organs and recipients. Even though SPK outcomes from pediatric donors match those from adult donors, unclear guidelines on minimum age and weight criteria for extra small pediatric pancreas donors lead to hesitancy among several transplant centers to utilize these grafts due to concerns about inadequate islet mass, technical challenges, and increased risk of allograft thrombosis.MethodsThis report details the successful outcomes of SPK transplantations performed at the study center between December 2021 and January 2024, using four extra small pediatric brain‐dead donors (ESPDs). Each donor was aged ≤5 years and weighed <20 kg.ResultsAll SPK recipients achieved immediate posttransplant euglycemia without requiring insulin. None of the recipients experienced graft pancreatitis, graft thrombosis, allograft rejection, or required re‐exploration. During a 5–27‐month follow‐up period, all ESPD recipients maintained optimal graft function, as evidenced by normal glucose tolerance tests and HbA1c (4.9%–5.2%), with 100% graft and patient survival.ConclusionThis report examines the usage of ESPDs in SPK transplantation, highlighting their potential to expand the donor pool and reduce wait times in areas with scarce deceased organ donations, thereby increasing the number of available organs for transplantation with acceptable outcomes. Revising donor selection guidelines to reflect the diverse risk–benefit profiles of waitlisted individuals is crucial to addressing geographical disparities and reducing organ discard rates.
Risk and Reward: Nationwide Analysis of Cardiac Transplant Center Variation in Organ Travel Distance and the Effects on Outcomes
Authors: Seadler Benjamin D. , Karra Hamsitha , Zelten James , Rein Lisa E. , Durham Lucian A. , Joyce Lyle D. , Kohmoto Takushi , Joyce David L. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe 2018 UNOS allocation policy change deprioritized geographic boundaries to organ distribution, and the effects of this change have been widespread. The aim of this investigation was to analyze changes in donor transplant center distance for organ travel and corresponding outcomes before and after the allocation policy change.MethodsThe UNOS database was utilized to identify all adult patients waitlisted for heart transplants from 2016 to 2021. Transplant centers were grouped by average donor heart travel distance based on whether they received more or less than 50% of organs from >250 miles away. Descriptive statistics were provided for waitlisted and transplanted patients. Regression analyses modeled waitlist mortality, incidence of transplant, overall survival, and graft survival.ResultsCenters with a longer average travel distance had a higher mean annual transplant volume with a reduction in total days on a waitlist (86.6 vs. 149.2 days), an increased cold ischemic time (3.6 vs. 3.2 h), with no significant difference in post‐transplant overall survival or graft survival.ConclusionsThe benefits of reducing waitlist time while preserving post‐transplant outcomes extend broadly. The trends observed in this investigation will be useful as we revise organ transplant policy in the era of new organ procurement and preservation techniques.
Mutational profile of the KIT gene and its heterogeneity in primary and metastatic melanomas
Authors: Quintana Castillo Jesús José André , Landman Gilles , Fernandes Mariana , Barcelos Denise 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigates the mutational profile of the KIT gene in primary and metastatic melanomas, highlighting the significance of genetic heterogeneity.MethodsThis research is a retrospective cohort that includes formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded melanoma samples obtained from Hospital São Paulo, Brazil, between the years of 1996 and 2010. The research encompasses primary melanomas of the superficial spreading (SSM) and acral lentiginous (AL) subtypes and their metastases, using next‐generation sequencing to explore genetic heterogeneity.ResultsDespite losing 57 samples due to quality issues, 27 samples from 20 patients were analyzed, revealing a nearly equal distribution between AL and SSM subtypes. Both histological subtypes revealed KIT gene variants, including previously undescribed variants and polymorphisms, emphasizing the role of such mutations in melanoma pathogenesis and the potential for targeted therapies. Tumor heterogeneity was also observed in both histological subtypes.ConclusionsThe study underscores the complexity of melanoma, driven by diverse mutational landscapes within and across tumors and advocates for personalized treatment approaches based on detailed molecular profiling. Despite limitations like sample size, this research lays the groundwork for further investigation into melanoma's genetic intricacies and therapeutic vulnerabilities.
Tobacco retail availability and smoking—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Martin‐Gall Veronica , Neil Amanda , Macintyre Kate , Rehman Sabah , Nguyen Thuy Phuong , Harding Ben , Gall Seana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIssuesHealth policy makers worldwide have adopted evidence‐based legislation, largely directed at consumers, to reduce tobacco‐related harm. It is suggested that limiting supply by decreasing retail availability can also reduce cigarette smoking. To inform policy makers this systematic literature review assesses whether reducing availability is associated with smoking behaviours.ApproachSystematic literature searches of five databases were carried out up to January 2023. Included studies had at least one exposure (tobacco retail density, proximity or mixed measures thereof) and outcomes of smoking behaviour. Meta‐analysis of effect estimates were undertaken if there were at least three studies with similar population, exposure and outcome measures.Key FindingsSixty‐two studies were included, and positive associations were found between tobacco outlet density and cigarette smoking in pregnancy, youth, adults and cessation. Meta‐analyses were undertaken for retail density and ever smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04, 1.37; I2 = 87.3%), and current youth smoking (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08, 1.40; I2 = 0.0%), adult smoking (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.01, 1.22; I2 = 74.8%); and mixed measures of retail availability near schools and current youth smoking (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01, 1.05; I2 = 0.0%).Implications and ConclusionThere is evidence higher tobacco retail density is consistently associated with cigarette smoking in pregnant women, young people and adults when ecological studies are included in meta‐analysis. Meanwhile, evidence synthesis reveals restrictive tobacco retail laws based on proximity or mixed measures near home or very near school may not reduce smoking except in men who smoke heavily. Mechanisms to reduce retailer density should be thus considered part of tobacco control strategies.
Abound in hope: An invitation to a hopeful theological agenda after the thirteenth assembly of the LWF
Authors: Kit Sivin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Thirteenth Assembly of the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) marked a pivotal moment for global Lutheranism. The assembly served as a platform for Lutherans worldwide to converge in Krakow, where they collectively discerned their shared future. While critics have claimed that the LWF has departed from its confessional identity, the Thirteenth Assembly of the LWF nevertheless demonstrated continuity with its historical and confessional roots, now underscored by a renewed focus on hope as the central theological principle. Numerous contextual and global challenges necessitate a theological agenda for a unified movement forward. Through an eschatological lens of hope, Lutherans globally are encouraged to deepen their reflection on biblical interpretation, theological contributions, and ecclesial missional practice. A realistic understanding of Christian hope shapes how one thinks and acts in the here and now in the most difficult of circumstances. This shift is already evident in the new LWF strategy and has begun to manifest regionally. This essay is an invitation to a hopeful theological agenda for the Lutheran communion and aims to make a significant contribution to world Christianity and society at large.
Possibilities and limitations of anticipatory action in complex crises: acting in advance of flooding in South Sudan
Authors: Easton‐Calabria Evan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLittle evidence exists on the design and implementation of anticipatory action (AA) in complex crises. This article examines a 2022 United Nations ‘early action’ pilot in South Sudan in advance of extreme flooding. As a case study of efforts to act in a complex crisis, it contributes to learning on assisting conflict‐affected and displaced populations in advance of extreme weather events. The research points towards the possibility and value of implementing forecast‐informed early action in complex contexts with limited forecast skills and multiple hazards when trigger‐based AA is not possible. It also argues for the need to link AA implemented in complex crises to development and peacebuilding actors and processes. More broadly, examining the perceptions and processes of AA in the form of early action, rather than a formal AA framework, is highly relevant for the AA community as attention is increasingly placed on providing AA in countries affected by fragility and conflict.
Fracture risk revisited: Bone mineral density T‐score and fracture risk in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Van Hulten V. , Driessen J. H. M. , Andersen S. , Kvist A. , Viggers R. , Bliuc D. , Center J. R. , Brouwers M. C. J. G. , Vestergaard P. , van den Bergh J. P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo study the association between femoral neck (FN) bone mineral density (BMD) T‐score and fracture risk in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsWe performed a single‐centre retrospective cohort study using the Danish National Health Service. BMD of the FN was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to study the association between FN BMD T‐score and fractures in individuals with and without T2D separately, adjusted for age, comorbidities and comedication. The results from this analysis were used to estimate the 10‐year absolute fracture risk.ResultsIn total, there were 35,129 women (2362 with T2D) and 7069 men (758 with T2D).The FN BMD T‐score was significantly associated with risk of any, hip and major osteoporotic fracture in men and women with [adjusted hazard risk ratios (aHR) women, hip: 1.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–2.00, incidence rate (IR) 8.7; aHR men, hip: 1.55; 95% CI 1.01–2.36, IR 4.6] and without T2D (aHR women, hip: 1.75; 95% CI 1.64–1.87, IR 7.0; aHR men, hip: 1.97, 95% CI 1.73–2.25, IR 6.3), and its ability to predict fracture risk was similar. Fracture IRs were not significantly different for individuals with or without T2D, nor was the estimated cumulative 10‐year fracture risk.ConclusionsThe FN BMD T‐score was significantly associated with hip, non‐spine and major osteoporotic fracture risk in men and women with and without T2D. Fracture risk for a given T‐score and age was equal in individuals with and without T2D, as was the ability of the FN BMD T‐score to predict fracture risk.
Patriarchy, pandemics, and the gendered resource curse thesis: Evidence from petroleum geology
Authors: Animashaun Jubril , Wossink Ada 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study examines features shared by societies built around petroleum and the impact of COVID‐19. For our cross‐sectional analysis, we use epidemiological data on COVID‐19, country‐level long‐run oil production data, and data on petroleum geology for econometric identification. We first document that a country's long‐run oil production is associated with significantly higher COVID‐19 deaths. Exploring mechanisms, we find that women's election into political offices reduces the risk from COVID‐19, but only in oil‐poor countries. Furthermore, we find robust evidence that petroleum wealth reduces the percentage of women in parliament. These findings highlight the risk and plausible mechanisms of COVID‐19 vulnerability in oil‐exporting countries. Policymakers should be aware of these effects.
Imagining personal and social futures: Representations of secondary school students and the influence of teacher training in education for the future
Authors: Ortega‐Sánchez Delfín , Fernández Antoni Santisteban , González‐Valencia Gustavo A. , Hernández Carretero Ana María 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study analyses the images of the future of Spanish secondary school students (n = 252) from two perspectives. First, from the relationship between representations of the personal future and the social future. Second, the potential influence of the specific training of Geography and History teachers in education for the future on the construction of these representations. From a descriptive, predictive‐correlational and relational design, the results obtained report the existence of significant positive correlations, high effect sizes and optimal statistical power between the ways in which students conceive the social future and their own personal future. They also show the existence of statistically differential proportions between the two representations, less optimistic and progressive when thinking about the future of society. Similarly, the results report evidence of higher probabilities of obtaining positive perceptions about the social future when teachers have previous training in education for the future. The findings also show the need to rethink the concept of the future, in close connection with historical‐temporal awareness, as the core of the aims of social science teaching.
Comparative evaluation of Large Language Models using key metrics and emerging tools
Authors: McAvinue Sarah , Dev Kapal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis research involved designing and building an interactive generative AI application to conduct a comparative analysis of two advanced Large Language Models (LLMs), GPT‐4, and Claude 2, using Langsmith evaluation tools. The project was developed to explore the potential of LLMs in facilitating postgraduate course recommendations within a simulated environment at Munster Technological University (MTU). Designed for comparative analysis, the application enables testing of GPT‐4 and Claude 2 and can be hosted flexibly on either Amazon Web Services (AWS) or Azure. It utilizes advanced natural language processing and retrieval‐augmented generation (RAG) techniques to process proprietary data tailored to postgraduate needs. A key component of this research was the rigorous assessment of the LLMs using the Langsmith evaluation tool against both customized and standard benchmarks. The evaluation focused on metrics such as bias, safety, accuracy, cost, robustness, and latency. Additionally, adaptability covering critical features like language translation and internet access, was independently researched since the Langsmith tool does not evaluate this metric. This ensures a holistic assessment of the LLM's capabilities.