bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Function of bacterial community dynamics in the formation of cadaveric semiochemicals during in situ carcass decomposition
Authors: Pascual Javier , von Hoermann Christian , Rottler‐Hoermann Ann‐Marie , Nevo Omer , Geppert Alicia , Sikorski Johannes , Huber Katharina J. , Steiger Sandra , Ayasse Manfred , Overmann Jörg 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe decomposition of dead mammalian tissue involves a complex temporal succession of epinecrotic bacteria. Microbial activity may release different cadaveric volatile organic compounds which in turn attract other key players of carcass decomposition such as scavenger insects. To elucidate the dynamics and potential functions of epinecrotic bacteria on carcasses, we monitored bacterial communities developing on still‐born piglets incubated in different forest ecosystems by combining high‐throughput Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry of volatiles. Our results show that the community structure of epinecrotic bacteria and the types of cadaveric volatile compounds released over the time course of decomposition are driven by deterministic rather than stochastic processes. Individual cadaveric volatile organic compounds were correlated with specific taxa during the first stages of decomposition which are dominated by bacteria. Through best‐fitting multiple linear regression models, the synthesis of acetic acid, indole and phenol could be linked to the activity of Enterobacteriaceae, Tissierellaceae and Xanthomonadaceae, respectively. These conclusions are also commensurate with the metabolism described for the dominant taxa identified for these families. The predictable nature of in situ synthesis of cadaveric volatile organic compounds by epinecrotic bacteria provides a new basis for future chemical ecology and forensic studies.
The CpxR/CpxA system contributes to Salmonella gold‐resistance by controlling the GolS‐dependent gesABC transcription
Authors: Cerminati Sebastián , Giri Germán F. , Mendoza Julián I. , Soncini Fernando C. , Checa Susana K. 
Published: June 2017

SummarySeveral regulatory systems contribute to bacterial resistance to heavy metals controlling the expression of factors required to eliminate the intoxicant and/or to repair the damage caused by it. In Salmonella, the response to Au ions is mediated by the specific metalloregulator GolS that, among other genes, controls the expression of the RND‐efflux pump GesABC. In this work, we demonstrate that CpxR/CpxA, a main cell‐envelope stress‐responding system, promotes gesABC transcription in the presence of Au ions at neutral pH. Deletion of either cpxA or cpxR, or mutation of the CpxR‐binding site identified upstream of the GolS‐operator in the gesABC promoter region reduces but does not abrogate the GolS‐ and Au‐dependent activation of gesABC. Au also triggers the activation of the CpxR/CpxA system and deletion of the cpxRA operon severely reduces survival in the presence of the toxic metal. Our results indicate that the coordinated action of GolS and CpxR/CpxA contribute to protecting the cell from severe Au damage.
Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on Hen Egg Compounds and Egg Products
Authors: Naderi Nassim , House James D. , Pouliot Yves , Doyen Alain 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHigh hydrostatic pressure (HHP), used alone or with other processes, is an emerging technology increasingly used in the food industry to improve microbial safety, and the functionality and bioactive properties of food products. HHP provides a way to reduce energy requirements for food processing and may contribute to improved energy efficiency in the food industry. Hen egg is used by the food industry to formulate many food products. To improve the microbiological safety of egg and egg‐derived products, HHP processing is an attractive alternative to heat‐ pasteurization and a potential technology. However, HHP treatment induces structural modifications of egg components (such as proteins) which could positively or negatively affect the physicochemical and functional properties of egg‐derived products. Improving our knowledge regarding the potential of HHP in the egg industry will add value to the final food products and increase profitability for egg producers and the food industry.
Validation of Reduced Reagent Volumes in the Implementation of the Quantifiler® Trio Quantification Kit
Authors: Cho Yoonjung , Kim Hyo Sook , Kim Min‐Hee , Park Moonhee , Kwon Hansol , Lee Yang Han , Lee Dong Sub 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Quantifiler® Trio Quantification Kit has been developed to quantify the total amount of amplifiable and human male DNA in samples and to estimate the extent of DNA degradation. To minimize the cost of DNA quantification, we evaluated kit performance using a reduced volume of reagents (1/10‐volume) using DNA samples of varying types and concentrations. Our results demonstrated concordance between the manufacturer's method and the low‐volume method for DNA quantification, DNA degradation index estimation, and human male DNA quantification. We confirmed the practical utility of the low‐volume method with 109 casework samples by evaluating short tandem repeat (STR) profiling success with respect to DNA quantity and quality. We also defined a cutoff value for DNA quantity to ensure reliable STR results. Using a reduced volume of reagents, 10 times more reactions per kit are possible; accordingly, this method reduces the cost of DNA quantification, while maintaining performance.
A Comparative Study Between Labeling and Reality: The Case of Phytochemical Composition of Commercial Pomegranate‐Based Products
Authors: Cano‐Lamadrid Marina , Lipan Leontina , Calín‐Sánchez Ángel , Hernández Francisca , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractManufacturers are deeply involved in the development of new pomegranate‐based products, which have acquired great prestige due to many studies proving their potential health benefits. Commercial pomegranate products including capsules and supplements and juices and nectars were assayed. The contents of the key phytochemical compounds (punicalagin, ellagic acid, and total polyphenolic content) and the associated antioxidant capacity (DPPH•, ABTS•+, and FRAP) were analyzed. The experimental ranges of punicalagin and ellagic acid contents were 0.96 to 308 mg/g and 0.09 to 13.1 mg/g, respectively. Punicalagin content was positively correlated (P < 0.001) with DPPH• and total polyphenolic content values. No significant (P > 0.05) correlation was observed among ellagic acid with the antioxidant capacity. The labeling standardization of these products is necessary due to the wide variability among “theoretically” similar pomegranate‐based products.
Insights into the genomic plasticity of Pseudomonas putida KF715, a strain with unique biphenyl‐utilizing activity and genome instability properties
Authors: Suenaga Hikaru , Fujihara Hidehiko , Kimura Nobutada , Hirose Jun , Watanabe Takahito , Futagami Taiki , Goto Masatoshi , Shimodaira Jun , Furukawa Kensuke 
Published: June 2017

SummaryPseudomonas putida KF715 exhibits unique properties in both catabolic activity and genome plasticity. Our previous studies revealed that the DNA region containing biphenyl and salycilate metabolism gene clusters (termed the bph‐sal element) was frequently deleted and transferred by conjugation to closely related P. putida strains. In this study, we first determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the KF715 genome. Next, to determine the underlying cause of genome plasticity in KF715, we compared the KF715 genome with the genomes of one KF715 defective mutant, two transconjugants, and several P. putida strains available from public databases. The gapless KF715 genome sequence revealed five replicons: one circular chromosome, and four plasmids. Southern blot analysis indicated that most of the KF715 cell population carries the bph‐sal element on the chromosome whereas a small number carry it on a huge plasmid, pKF715A. Moreover, the bph‐sal element is present stably on the plasmid and did not integrate into the chromosome of its transconjugants. Comparative genome analysis and experiments showed that a number of diverse putative genetic elements are present in KF715 and are likely involved in genome rearrangement. These data provide insights into the genetic plasticity and adaptability of microorganisms for survival in various ecological niches.
Nonrandomised interventional study showed that early aggressive nutrition was effective in reducing postnatal growth restriction in preterm infants
Authors: Genoni Giulia , Binotti Marco , Monzani Alice , Bernascone Elena , Stasi Ilaria , Bona Gianni , Ferrero Federica 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThis study evaluated whether an early aggressive nutrition (EAN) strategy could limit extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) in a cohort of preterm infants.MethodsThis prospective nonrandomised interventional study was carried out in the neonatal intensive care unit of an Italian hospital from January 2013 to December 2015. The prevalence of EUGR was assessed in 100 infants with a gestational age of ≤34 weeks, 50 after the introduction of an EAN regimen in October 2014 and 50 before.ResultsThe prevalence of EUGR at discharge was significantly lower after the introduction of EAN than before for weight (34% vs. 66%), head circumference (22% vs. 42%) and length at discharge (20% vs. 48%). The Z‐scores for all measurements were significantly higher after the introduction of EAN. In the EAN group, weight velocity was significantly higher and maximum weight loss and negative changes in the Z‐scores from birth to discharge for weight were lower than in the pre‐intervention controls. In extremely low birthweight subjects, the weight Z‐score and weight velocity were significantly higher in the EAN group than the control group.ConclusionThe use of EAN at a very early age reduced EUGR and improved auxological outcomes in preterm infants.
Evolution of ventral hernia repair
Authors: Faylona Jose Macario 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this review was to look at relevant data and research on the evolution of ventral hernia repair.MethodsResources including books, research, guidelines, and online articles were reviewed to provide a concise history of and data on the evolution of ventral hernia repair.ResultsThe evolution of ventral hernia repair has a very long history, from the recognition of ventral hernias to its current management, with significant contributions from different authors. Advances in surgery have led to more cases of ventral hernia formation, and this has required the development of new techniques and new materials for ventral hernia management. The biocompatibility of prosthetic materials has been important in mesh development. The functional anatomy and physiology of the abdominal wall has become important in ventral hernia management. New techniques in abdominal wall closure may prevent or reduce the incidence of ventral hernia in the future.ConclusionThe management of ventral hernia is continuously evolving as it responds to new demands and new technology in surgery.
Evaluation of the genetic structure of sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Japan's Kanto and Tanzawa mountain areas, based on microsatellite markers
Authors: Konishi Sayaka , Hata Shoko , Matsuda Sayumi , Arai Kazushi , Mizoguchi Yasushi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe browsing habits of sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Japan have caused serious ecological problems. Appropriate management of sika deer populations requires understanding the different genetic structures of local populations. In the present study, we used 10 microsatellite polymorphisms to explore the genetic structures of sika deer populations (162 individuals) living in the Kanto region. The expected heterozygosity of the Tanzawa mountain range population (Group I) was lower than that of the populations in the Kanto mountain areas (Group II). Our results suggest that moderate gene flow has occurred between the sika deer populations in the Kanto mountain areas (Group II), but not to or from the Tanzawa mountain range population (Group I). Also, genetic structure analysis showed that the Tanzawa population was separated from the other populations. This is probably attributable to a genetic bottleneck that developed in the Tanzawa sika deer population in the 1950s. However, we found that the Tanzawa population has since recovered from the bottleneck situation and now exhibits good genetic diversity. Our results show that it is essential to periodically evaluate the genetic structures of deer populations to develop conservation strategies appropriate to the specific structures of individual populations at any given time.
Estimating the Size of an Open Population Using Sparse Capture–Recapture Data
Authors: Huggins Richard , Stoklosa Jakub , Roach Cameron , Yip Paul 
Published: June 2017

Summary
Sparse capture–recapture data from open populations are difficult to analyze using currently available frequentist statistical methods. However, in closed capture–recapture experiments, the Chao sparse estimator (Chao, 1989, Biometrics45, 427–438) may be used to estimate population sizes when there are few recaptures. Here, we extend the Chao (1989) closed population size estimator to the open population setting by using linear regression and extrapolation techniques. We conduct a small simulation study and apply the models to several sparse capture–recapture data sets.
Osteoblast migration in vertebrate bone
Authors: Thiel Antonia , Reumann Marie K. , Boskey Adele , Wischmann Johannes , von Eisenhart‐Rothe Rüdiger , Mayer‐Kuckuk Philipp 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBone formation, for example during bone remodelling or fracture repair, requires mature osteoblasts to deposit bone with remarkable spatial precision. As osteoblast precursors derive either from circulation or resident stem cell pools, they and their progeny are required to migrate within the three‐dimensional bone space and to navigate to their destination, i.e. to the site of bone formation. An understanding of this process is emerging based on in vitro and in vivo studies of several vertebrate species. Receptors on the osteoblast surface mediate cell adhesion and polarization, which induces osteoblast migration. Osteoblast migration is then facilitated along gradients of chemoattractants. The latter are secreted or released proteolytically by several cell types interacting with osteoblasts, including osteoclasts and vascular endothelial cells. The positions of these cellular sources of chemoattractants in relation to the position of the osteoblasts provide the migrating osteoblasts with tracks to their destination, and osteoblasts possess the means to follow a track marked by multiple chemoattractant gradients. In addition to chemotactic cues, osteoblasts sense other classes of signals and utilize them as landmarks for navigation. The composition of the osseous surface guides adhesion and hence migration efficiency and can also provide steering through haptotaxis. Further, it is likely that signals received from surface interactions modulate chemotaxis. Besides the nature of the surface, mechanical signals such as fluid flow may also serve as navigation signals for osteoblasts. Alterations in osteoblast migration and navigation might play a role in metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
Serious life events and the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Rasouli B. , Andersson T. , Carlsson P.‐O. , Hjort R. , Löfvenborg J. E. , Martinell M. , Groop L. , Tuomi T. , Carlsson S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimIt has been suggested that experiencing serious life events may promote Type 1 diabetes in children. Studies in adults are lacking, as are studies on the interaction of life events with genetic factors. We aimed to investigate life events and the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and Type 2 diabetes while taking into account HLA genotype.MethodsAnalysis was based on 425 incident cases of LADA, 1417 incident cases of Type 2 diabetes and 1702 population‐based controls recruited in Sweden between 2010 and 2016. Self‐reported information on life events including conflicts, divorce, illness/accidents, death and financial problems experienced during the 5 years preceding diagnosis/index year was used. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by logistic regression and adjusted for age, sex, BMI, family history of diabetes, smoking, physical activity and education.ResultsOverall there was no association between experience of any life event and either LADA (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.68–1.08) or Type 2 diabetes (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.83–1.21). The results were similar for individual events as well as in separate analysis of men and women. Similar results were seen in more autoimmune LADA (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies > median) [OR (any life event) 0.88, 95% CI 0.64–1.21] and in LADA carriers of the high‐risk HLADR4‐DQ8 genotype (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.61–1.29).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that experience of a serious life event, including the death of a family member, divorce or financial problems, is not associated with an increased risk of LADA, overall or in genetically susceptible individuals.
Zero‐Slack, Noncritical Paths
Authors: Simons Jacob V. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe critical path method/program evaluation and review technique method of project scheduling is based on the importance of managing a project's critical path(s). Although a critical path is the longest path through a network, its location in large projects is facilitated by the computation of activity slack. However, logical fallacies in oft‐repeated statements of the relationship between slack and the critical path make it easy to overlook the phenomenon of zero‐slack, noncritical paths. This article points out the fallacies and then describes and illustrates the phenomenon. We conclude with teaching recommendations to avoid suboptimal decisions in reducing project duration.
Synthesis of cross‐linked polymer microspheres and pyrolysis conversion to polymer‐derived ceramics
Authors: Sun Dandan , Chen Feng , Gao Yan , Wang Yiguang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe cross‐linked polysilazane spherical particles were synthesized via a solvothermal process from a liquid polysilazane precursor. We found that the average size of obtained cross‐linked polymer spheres is in the range of hundreds nanometer to about 10 μm by adjusting the amount of divinylbenzene cross‐linker. Spherical ceramic particles were synthesized via the polymer‐derived ceramics (PDCs) route. The XRD and SEM analysis on ceramic particles pyrolyzed below 1400°C showed that they were amorphous and maintained a smooth spherical morphology. When the polymer spherical particles were pyrolyzed at 1500°C, SiC/Si3N4 ceramics spheres were fabricated.
Incidence of melanoma and keratinocytic carcinomas in patients evaluated by store‐and‐forward teledermatology vs. dermatology clinic
Authors: Creighton‐Smith Malcolm , Murgia Robert D. , Konnikov Nellie , Dornelles Adriana , Garber Caren , Nguyen Bichchau T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether incidence of detected skin cancer in patients evaluated by store‐and‐forward teledermatology (SAF) vs. face‐to‐face consultation (F2F) significantly differs, and whether such differences are because of variations in patient demographics, diagnostic accuracy, or both.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study compares patient skin cancer risk profile, pre‐post biopsy diagnostic accuracy, and detection rates of any skin cancer, melanoma, and keratinocytic carcinoma between all SAF teledermatology patients and a subset of randomly selected F2F consultations at VA‐Boston Healthcare System in 2014.ResultsPatients in the teledermatology (n = 434) and F2F visit cohorts (n = 587) had similar baseline demographics except a higher proportion of F2F patients had prior history of skin cancer, 22% (131/587) vs. 10% (45/434), P < 0.001, and received biopsies, 27.2% (160/587) vs. 11.5% (50/434), P < 0.001. When adjusted for age, immunosuppression, and personal and family history of skin cancer, there were no significant differences between the two cohorts in detection rates for any skin cancer (9.5% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.3), melanoma (0.6% vs. 0%, P = N/A), or keratinocytic carcinoma (8.5% vs. 5.5%, P = 0.7). The two cohorts also had similar pre‐post biopsy perfect diagnostic concordance, time from initial consult request to biopsy (45.5 d vs. 47.3 d, P = 0.8), and time from biopsy to definitive treatment (67.5 d vs. 65.4 d, P = 0.8).ConclusionF2F patients were more likely to have prior history of skin cancer and receive biopsies. When adjusted for presence of skin cancer risk factors, incidence of detected melanoma, keratinocytic carcinoma, and any skin cancer was similar between SAF teledermatology and F2F patients.
Using augmented reality to support a software editing course for college students
Authors: Wang Y.‐H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to explore whether integrating augmented reality (AR) techniques could support a software editing course and to examine the different learning effects for students using online‐based and AR‐based blended learning strategies. The researcher adopted a comparative research approach with a total of 103 college students participating in the study. The experimental group (E.G.) learned with the AR‐based contents, while the control group (C.G.) learned with the online‐based support. The findings demonstrated the potential of AR techniques for supporting students' learning motivation and peer learning interaction, and the AR‐based contents could be used as scaffolding to better support blended learning strategies. The AR‐based learning interaction could also be a trigger arousing learners' interest in becoming active learners and the students presented great learning involvement after the AR‐based supports were removed, while the learners in the C.G. were passive once the supports had been removed. Moreover, it was found that (1) their lack of experience with AR interaction and applications, (2) the slow speed of the Internet in the school, (3) the affordances of each learner's mobile learning devices, (4) the screen size of the learning interface and (5) the overloading of the learning information from the AR contents and teacher lectures might be the reasons why the learners were still more used to the online‐based support. It was therefore concluded that when integrating AR applications into a course, technology educational researchers should take into careful consideration the target learning content design, the amount of information displayed on the mobile screen and the affordances of the learning equipment and classroom environment so as to achieve a suitable learning scenario.