bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partitioned stator flux reversal machines having Halbach array PMs
Authors: Zheng M. , Wu Z.Z. , Zhu Z.Q. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– In this paper, the partitioned stator flux reversal permanent magnet (PM) (PS-FRPM) machines with Halbach array PMs are investigated to compare with the machine having the conventional parallel magnetized PMs, and conventional FRPM machine. This paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The Halbach array PM machines with 2-, 3-, and 4-segment and ideal Halbach array PMs have similar topology and designed based on the PS-FRPM with parallel magnetized PMs. The open circuit analysis and electromagnetic performance has been calculated and compares with the aid of finite element (FE) method, and validated by experiments.

Findings
– The PS-FRPMs with Halbach array PMs have higher back-EMF and torque performance, as well as lower cogging torque and torque ripple, all having significantly higher torque density than the FRPM machine with single stator. The experimental results and FE predicted results of the 2-segment Halbach PM prototype machine are compared and good agreement is achieved.

Originality/value
– This paper introduces the new concept and design of PS-FRPMs having Halbach array PMs with different PM segments and idea PM array. The comparison with conventional FRPM and PS-FRPM with parallel magnetized PMs shows the benefits with PS-FRPMs with Halbach array PMs.
Thermal modeling and analysis of double-sided water-cooled permanent magnet linear synchronous machines
Authors: Chen Yi , Yao Yihua , Lu Qinfen , Huang Xiaoyan , Ye Yunyue 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– With the popularization of permanent magnet linear synchronous machines (PMLSMs) in recent years, the temperature rise has attracted increasingly attention since excessive heat generated in the windings could deteriorate the electromagnetic performance. In order to solve this problem, adopting water-cooled system is an effective method. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a 12-slot/11-pole (12S/11P) water-cooled double-sided PMLSM, which adopts the all teeth wound concentrated winding and shifted armature ends.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on 2D finite element analysis (FEA), the thermal performances, such as temperature distribution, the optimization of water flow rate and the influence of demagnetization, are investigated under the condition of continuous duty. Then the maximum current density and average thrust force are calculated for PMLSMs with or without water-cooled system. Finally, the detailed comparison is made between single-sided PMLSM and double-sided PMLSM.

Findings
– With water-cooled system, the thermal performance of PMLSM can be improved, such as an efficient decrease of temperature rise, restriction of permanent magnet demagnetization and a dramatic increase of the maximum thrust force. It is found that the water flow rate has a significant impact on temperature rise, which can be optimized according to demands.

Originality/value
– Electromagnetic and thermal coupled analysis is proposed in this paper. It can approximately predict thermal performance and save the manual iteration time at the same time. This method also can provide as a reference of thermal analysis for other PMLSMs.
Analysis of thrust ripple harmonics on different electric loadings in PM linear synchronous machines with skewed PMs
Authors: Yao Yihua , Chen Yi , Lu Qinfen , Huang Xiaoyan , Ye Yunyue 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Permanent magnet linear synchronous machines (PMLSMs) have large thrust ripple due to the longitudinal end effect caused by the finite length of the armature compared with rotary machines. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of electric loading on thrust ripple performances based on a 12 slots/14 poles (12S/14P) PMLSM. Furthermore, the method of skewed PMs to reduce thrust ripple is investigated based on multi slices 2D finite element (FE) models.

Design/methodology/approach
– The thrust ripple of PMLSM under open-circuit condition results from the slotting and the longitudinal end effects. Therefore, periodical model has been designed to clarify the effect of the longitudinal end effect. Under on-load condition, the thrust ripple increases and exhibits an effective component of thrust force. To analyze the thrust ripple under on-load condition, frozen permeability (FP) technique is employed. In addition, the method of skewed PMs is analyzed in this paper to obtain more smooth thrust force performance. The effectiveness of skewing accounting for skew angles, step skew numbers and slot/pole number combinations was highlighted.

Findings
– The longitudinal end effect dominates the thrust ripple of PMLSM in both cases, i.e., open-circuit and on-load conditions. Under on-load condition, the second harmonic component of thrust ripple related to flux linkage harmonics increases significantly. Moreover, the effectiveness of skewed PMs is largely reduced with the increase of magnetic saturation. At last, a proper skew angle and step skew number are obtained for the conventional PMLSM with fractional-slot winding.

Originality/value
– By 60 electrical degrees and two or three step skewed PMs, the thrust ripple can be decreased to a tolerable limite for conventional PMLSM. The thrust ripple harmonics contributed by longitudinal end effect and flux linkage harmonics are analyzed, respectively, which is beneficial to exploring other techniques such as adding end auxiliary teeth to obtain lower thrust force pulsation.
Comparative study on synchronous reluctance and PM machines
Authors: Cai Shun , Jin Meng-Jia , Hao He , Shen Jian-Xin 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to comparatively study a synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) and a permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine (PMASynRM) as alternatives of the interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM), and to investigate the performance and conclude both advantages and disadvantages.

Design/methodology/approach
– A unified mathematical model is established for the IPMSM, SynRM and PMASynRM. Then finite element method (FEM) is used to compare the electromagnetic performance. Permeability-frozen method is utilized to distinguish basic electromagnetic torque and reluctance torque.

Findings
– The PMASynRM can improve the power factor of the SynRM, overcome the drawback of the IPMSM in the high-speed flux-weakening region and is more proper to operate over a wide speed region. The SynRM is mechanically robust for lacking of the permanent magnets, and the PMASynRM can keep similar rotor stress as the SynRM by optimizing the magnets. Assembly of the SynRM is the simplest, and the economic performance of the SynRM and PMASynRM could be much better than the IPMSM which even uses ferrite magnets.

Practical/implications
– The SynRM can produce identical torque and efficiency compared with the IPMSM except the poor power factor. The poor power factor could be improved by adopting the PMASynRM, which is proved to be able to act as an alternative of the IPMSM for low-cost high-performance application.

Originality/value
– This paper provides the theoretical model of the IPMSM, SynRM and PMASynRM in a unified format. The electromagnetic, mechanical and economic performances of the three kinds of synchronous motors are compared comprehensively. Then, both the advantages and disadvantages are summarized.
DTC of reconfigured three level inverter fed IM drives following a leg failure
Authors: Gallah Tarek , Bouzidi Badii , Masmoudi Ahmed 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to deal the adaptation of a direct torque control (DTC) strategy, originally dedicated to three level three leg inverter fed induction motor (IM) drives, following a leg failure that required the reconfiguration of the inverter from three to two legs.

Design/methodology/approach
– In case of troubles with one leg of a three level inverter, it is interesting in some applications to keep operating using the two remaining legs. So, after the detection and isolation of the faulty leg, the drive connection should be rearranged with the connection of the motor phase, previously linked to the faulty leg, to the mid point of the DC-bus voltage, leading to a three level two leg inverter topology (also called bridge B8-inverter).

Findings
– It has been found that the IM drive exhibits better performances under the proposed DTC strategy dedicated to the reconfigured inverter than those yielded by the DTC of the IM drive under healthy operation of the inverter. It has been noticed that the only drawback affecting the reconfigured inverter fed IM drive is the speed range limitation.

Research limitations/implications
– This work should be extended by an experimental validation of the proposed DTC strategies.

Originality/value
– The power factor of the reconfigured three level inverter fed IM drive is higher than the one yielded by the three level three leg inverter fed one. This represents a crucial cost benefit.
The efficiency characteristics analysis and optimization of the magnetic resonance wireless power transmission to multiple receivers
Authors: Zhou Jing , Gao Yuqing , Huang Xiaoyan , Fang Youtong 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Consider the mutual coupling between loads, the purpose of this paper is to study the total transmission efficiency based on different load coil positions relative to the charging platform, to provide the theoretical basis for the design and parameter optimization of one-to-multiple wireless charging platform.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on the dual-load series-resonant wireless power transfer system, the expression of system efficiency and its calculation model is achieved using the equivalent circuit theory. Finally, a 96 kHz magnetic resonance wireless power transmission test platform is built up to verify the theoretical analysis given in this paper.

Findings
– For the completely resonant circuit, the transmission efficiency can be improved by increasing the transmitter-receiver coupling and reducing the coupling between receivers. The total transmission efficiency achieves its lowest value when two loads are with equal competitive capability.

Originality/value
– Through the simulation analysis of efficiency formula, the selection principle of impact factors can be applied to the optimization analysis of the transmission efficiency.
Perceptions of trust in the US construction industry
Authors: Zuppa Dino , Olbina Svetlana , Issa Raymond 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to obtain an understanding of the perception of trust between US construction contracting parties. The research objectives were to identify the factors on construction projects that impact such trust and to identify how trust affects factors on construction project.

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey of construction professionals working for the Engineering News Record’s Top 400 US contractors was conducted.

Findings
– The findings showed that paying on time, competency, reliability and effective collaboration were the most important factors that affected contextual conditions trustworthiness. Factors perceived to strengthen trust included face-to-face communication, electronic documents, and timely and adequate responses to requests for information. The presence of construction managers on construction projects, and corrective changes orders from neutral third parties were perceived to weaken trust. Trust was perceived to assist leadership, team building, communication and information sharing.

Originality/value
– The main contribution of this study is the discovery of additional factors that impact trust and factors that require trust and that were not identified by previous researchers.
Formal ties in financial networks: professional clusters in financial services marketing
Authors: Borg Erik , Vigerland Lars , Winroth Karin 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of formal ties in the marketing of financial services and thus provide evidence concerning the relationship between formal ties and the customer appeal of banks and investment banks.Design/methodology/approach– The paper uses correspondence analysis to study formal ties between financial market actors and relates them to customer rankings. The formal ties are described as intra-, inter- and extra-organizational ties.Findings– The authors find that there are several formal ties between financial market actors and provide compelling evidence illustrating how the attractions between financial service providers are related in several ways to the existence of formal ties between market actors.Research limitations/implications– The research is limited to formal, as opposed to informal, ties. The authors examine the essential implications of such ties.Practical implications– In practice, banks and investment banks should consider the implications of formal ties and market connections to improve their performance.Social implications– Networking is a tool for the marketing of financial services and should be understood as such.Originality/value– The originality of this study consists in showing the relevance of various attributes in studying networks in financial markets and in contributing to an understanding of social attributes and formal organization.
Exploring the relationship among servant leadership, intrinsic motivation and performance in an industrial sales setting
Authors: Bande Belén , Fernández-Ferrín Pilar , Varela-Neira Concepción , Otero-Neira Carmen 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– Although servant leadership (SL) improves the overall effectiveness of individuals and teams, it remains understudied. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the mediating mechanisms through which perceived SL affects salespersons’ proactive and adaptive behaviors.Design/methodology/approach– Data were gathered from 145 industrial salespeople and their supervisors across a variety of businesses and sectors in Spain.Findings– SL enhances salespeople’s adaptivity and proactivity by positively affecting their self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, SL directly shapes the development of adaptive behaviors among salespeople, although this direct influence is not significant when considering proactivity. Additionally, the use of outcome-based control mechanisms enhances the positive effects of SL on salespeople’s intrinsic motivation.Practical implications– The results demonstrate that sales managers can promote more proactive and adaptive behaviors among sales staff by recognizing the importance of service and their moral responsibilities to the success of their subordinates.Originality/value– Cognitive evaluation theory was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of perceived SL on two emergent change-oriented behaviors (adaptivity and proactivity) using a matched sample of industrial salespeople from a variety of industries, thus providing a basis for the generalization of results. Moreover, in analyzing the moderating effects of outcome control, the conditions under which SL is more or less effective were examined.
Types of embedded ties in buyer-supplier relationships and their combined effects on innovation performance
Authors: Charterina Jon , Basterretxea Imanol , Landeta Jon 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to analyze the impact of three types of embedded ties, namely, specialized complementary resources, idiosyncratic investments and knowledge sharing, on the innovation capacity of firms. It also examines the particularities of the machine-tool industry.Design/methodology/approach– The evaluation of the embedded buyer-supplier ties is based on the potential sources of relational rents proposed by Dyer and Singh (1998). It also draws on Uzzi and Lancaster (2003) and Noordhoffet al.(2011), among others, to discuss the positive and negative aspects of embedded ties. Using data from a survey of 202 European machine-tool firms acting as buyers and sellers, the study proposes and evaluates a structural equation model.Findings– Only knowledge-sharing routines exert a significant positive effect on product innovation performance. Neither an increase in idiosyncratic investments nor in complementary resources and capabilities enhances innovation performance. Moreover, knowledge-sharing routines mediate in the effect of idiosyncratic investments on innovation performance.Research limitations/implications– The machine-tool industry has unique characteristics that make generalization difficult. There is also considerable difficulty associated with testing the interrelations among these embedded ties in greater depth in the long run. It is plausible to consider that these interrelations operate within a gradual process.Originality/value– This research contributes to a better understanding of the role of embedded ties on innovativeness. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous international empirical research has been published analyzing the mediation effects among specialized complementary resources, idiosyncratic investments and knowledge sharing, and their effects on the innovation capacity of firms.
Determinants of brand relevance in a B2B service purchasing context
Authors: Gomes Mariana , Fernandes Teresa , Brandão Amélia 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Brands have traditionally been regarded as a key asset and a source of competitive advantage in purchasing decisions, as customers are expected to prefer stronger brands to minimize risks. However, the role of brands in business markets is unclear and underresearched. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relevance of brands in a business-to-business (B2B) purchase setting and their key determinants.

Design Methodology/approach
– A research model was developed to explain brand relevance when compared with other decision factors in a B2B context. Based on the frameworks developed by Zablah et al. (2010) and Mudambi (2002), the model considers the purchase situation, decision-maker characteristics and firm size as determinants of brand relevance in the decision-making process. One of the most prominent Portuguese construction groups, which comprised three companies, was chosen for the sample of this study. Data were collected through a self-administered, online, cross-sectional survey, resulting in a convenience sample of 87 decision-makers.

Findings
– Findings suggest that attributes related with brands matter even in B2B rational decision-making processes. However, brands are not important to all organizational buyers or in all situations. Different purchase situations and decision-maker characteristics proved to have an impact on brand relevance, namely, brand reputation, prior purchases and brand awareness. Only firm size was not confirmed as a determinant of brand relevance in the B2B purchasing process.

Originality/value
– B2B brand research is scarce, especially for industrial services. By investigating the determinants of brand relevance in a B2B purchasing context, namely, in a construction services setting, this study contributes to bridging this literature gap. Moreover, the few studies on the subject have been largely descriptive in nature and managerially oriented, while this investigation emphasizes hypothesis testing through a proposed research framework. Also, in managerial terms, identifying determinants of the importance given to brands by organizational buyers is critical in deciding when investment in brand development is more likely to payoff.
The effect of green purchasing on purchasing performance: the moderating role played by long-term relationships and strategic integration
Authors: González-Benito Javier , Lannelongue Gustavo , Ferreira Luis Miguel , Gonzalez-Zapatero Carmen 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the environmental management of purchases and firm performance. The authors examine the moderating role played by two variables: the establishment of long-term relationships with suppliers and the strategic integration of the purchasing function.Design/methodology/approach– The authors conduct an empirical study on a sample of 100 Portuguese firms.Findings– Evidence reveals that green purchasing management improves the performance of the purchasing function, although the impact is greater when the organisation forges lasting alliances with its suppliers.Originality/value– This paper contributes to the study of the consequences of introducing environmental practices into the purchasing function, especially with regards to the formation of a panel of sustainable suppliers. Specifically, this research provides evidence to show that the implementation of those practices has positive impacts on the operating performance of the purchasing function and that the said effect is greater when a firm establishes long-term relationships with its suppliers.
Gendering of commercial justice – experience of self-employed women in urban Tanzania
Authors: Tillmar Malin 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– Women’s entrepreneurship is often seen as the solution of both economic growth and gender equality. This is despite academic knowledge of the gendered preconditions for entrepreneurship in many contexts. This paper aims to focus on the gendering of commercial justice, a precondition for entrepreneurship. Informed by gender perspectives on women’s entrepreneurship and previous studies on commercial justice in East Africa, this paper sets out to explore the experiences of urban women entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approach– The paper is based on an interview study with women entrepreneurs and representatives of support organizations in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. The interviews were conducted in Kiswahili, and access was enabled through dialogues with local partner organizations such as the Tanzanian Chamber of Commerce.Findings– Findings are that with formal legal rights, the informal institutions imply that the marital status of the women, and the attitude of their husbands, is the overarching determinants for the commercial justice perceived as available to them. This has implication for many policy areas, such as entrepreneurship support, women’s empowerment and labour market policy. Theoretically, the findings highlight the importance of studying the informal institutions affecting women’s entrepreneurship around the globe. Concerning commercial justice in particular, three dimensions of gendering are identified.Research limitations/implications– The paper is based on a qualitative interview study. Further studies with varying methods are needed to further explore the gendering of commercial justice in Tanzania, East Africa and beyond.Practical implications– A major practical implication of the study is the insight that business for development, will not automatically lead to business for equality, on a general level. The gender bias is also reproduced in everyday business life, for example, thorough access to commercial justice. Special measures to target the gender equality issue are, therefore, necessary. Another implication of the findings regard the importance of Alternative Dispute Resolution initiatives, affordable to women small and medium enterprise-owners.Originality/value– While other obstacles to women’s entrepreneurship in the developing contexts have been well explored, the gendering of perceived commercial justice has not received sufficient attention in previous studies. Studies applying a gender theoretical perspective on entrepreneurship in the explored context are still needed.