bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male tree weta are attracted to cuticular scent cues but do not discriminate according to sex or among two closely related species
Authors: Wehi Priscilla M. , Monks Adrian , Morgan‐Richards Mary 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecognition of conspecifics is an essential precursor of successful mating. Where related species coexist, species discrimination might be important, but because related species are similar, species signal recognition may actually be low. Chemical cues such as cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are frequently used by insects to identify suitable sexual partners. We predicted that New Zealand tree weta (Hemideina spp.), a genus of nocturnal ensiferan Orthoptera that live both allopatrically and sympatrically, use chemical signals from either frass or CHCs to find mates. In a series of six laboratory trials using both H. thoracica and H. crassidens, we found that male tree weta, but not female tree weta, occupied cavities primed with female cuticular cues more often than cavities without. However, males did not discriminate between chemical cues of male and female conspecifics, or between conspecifics and heterospecifics. In field trials, tree weta did not occupy artificial cavities primed with either female frass or female cuticular cues more often than unscented cavities. However, in both trials weta preferentially returned to cavities that had already been occupied earlier in the trials. A final field trial confirmed the presence of mixed species harems during the mating season in one region of sympatry. Our results suggest that selection on sex and species specific chemical cues that could be used to find conspecific mates is weak. Mixed species aggregations suggest that identification of conspecific mating cues has not evolved to be species specific. We infer that for male tree weta, the cost of mating with heterospecifics is likely less than not mating at all.
Endoscopic characteristics of infection‐associated peptic ulcers
Authors: Choi Seong‐Hyung , Kim Dong‐Min , Lee Jun , Yun Na Ra 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundAside from Helicobacter pylori, another cause for the development or worsening of gastrointestinal ulcers is scrub typhus, an acute febrile disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. We aimed to compare the endoscopic characteristics of peptic ulcers caused by these infectious agents.MethodsThis retrospective case‐control study involved patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Chosun University Hospital in Korea. We compared endoscopic features and demographic characteristics between patients with H. pylori infection and those with O. tsutsugamushi infection.ResultsA total of 141 patients with peptic ulcer were included in the study. Compared to patients with O. tsutsugamushi infection (n = 62; age, 63.8 ± 12.1 years; male sex, 42%), those with H. pylori infection (n = 79; age, 53.0 ± 14.8 years; male sex, 81%) were younger and more likely to be male (P < .001 for both). Patients with O. tsutsugamushi infection were more likely to have multiple lesions (40/62, 64.5% vs 37/79, 46.8%; P = .042) and irregular‐shaped lesions (27/62, 43.6% vs 20/79, 25.3%; P = .031). Patients with H. pylori infection had higher incidence of hemorrhagic ulcers (26/79, 32.9% vs 8/62, 12.9%; P = .007), and lesions occurred most often in the duodenum (43.0%), followed by the antrum (36.7%), body (34.2%), and angle (12.7%) of the stomach. In patients with O. tsutsugamushi infection, lesions occurred most often in the antrum (70.97%), followed by the duodenum (35.5%), body (22.6%), and angle (14.5%) of the stomach. In both groups, gastric ulcer lesions occurred most often in the antrum, followed by the body and angle of the stomach (36.7% vs 70.97%, 34.2% vs 22.6%, and 12.7% vs 14.5% for gastric ulcers associated with H. pylori and O. tsutsugamushi infection, respectively). Patients with O. tsutsugamushi infection had significantly higher incidence of ulcers on the antrum (70.97% vs 36.7%, P < .001) and the greater curvature (45.2% vs 24.0%, P = .012). Finally, 35.5% of patients with gastric ulcer caused by scrub typhus also had duodenal ulcer.ConclusionThis is the first study to compare endoscopic features of peptic ulcers caused by H. pylori and O. tsutsugamushi. Peptic ulcers in patients with H. pylori infection occurred predominantly in the antrum/body/lesser curvature and presented with single, round/oval lesions, while ulcers in patients with scrub typhus occurred predominantly in the antrum/greater curvature and presented with multiple, irregular lesions. Scrub typhus should be considered as a cause of duodenal ulcer in scrub typhus‐endemic areas.
Morphological spectrum of renal cell carcinoma, unclassified: an analysis of 136 cases
Authors: Perrino Carmen M , Grignon David J , Williamson Sean R , Idrees Muhammad T , Eble John N , Cheng Liang 
Published: August 2017

AimsRenal cell carcinoma, unclassified (RCCU) is a category that includes a morphologically and biologically heterogeneous group of tumours that are unable to be diagnosed as other well‐defined entities. We aim to describe the morphological findings of tumours within this category and to determine the most frequent morphological features leading to classification difficulty.Methods and resultsOne hundred and thirty‐six cases of RCCU were examined. Patients ranged in age from 23 to 87 years. Seventy‐seven patients were men and 59 were women. International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade was most commonly 3 (n = 66), followed by 2 (n = 42) and 4 (n = 28). Tumour size ranged from 0.6 to 24.9 cm. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) pathological T categories included pT1a (n = 50), pT1b (n = 14), pT2a (n = 7), pT2b (n = 4), pT3a (n = 50) and pT4 (n = 9). Forty‐four cases included lymph node(s), 41% of which (n = 18) had metastases. Tumours were assessed for a variety of histological features and assigned to the following morphological groups: predominantly oncocytoma/chromophobe RCC‐like; clear cell RCC‐like; papillary RCC‐like; collecting duct‐like; and pure sarcomatoid differentiation. The majority of the oncocytoma/chromophobe and clear cell RCC‐like phenotypes were low stage (pT1 or pT2). The papillary RCC‐like, collecting duct‐like and pure sarcomatoid phenotypes were mainly high stage (pT3 or pT4).ConclusionsRenal cell carcinoma, unclassified is a term that encompasses tumours with a variety of morphological features and a wide biological spectrum. The most common source of diagnostic difficulty was tumours composed of predominantly eosinophilic cells.
Factors associated with self-medication in Spain: a cross-sectional study in different age groups
Authors: Niclós Gracia , Olivar Teresa , Rodilla Vicent 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objective
The identification of factors which may influence a patient’s decision to self-medicate.

Methods
Descriptive, cross-sectional study of the adult population (at least 16 years old), using data from the 2009 European Health Interview Survey in Spain, which included 22 188 subjects. Logistic regression models enabled us to estimate the effect of each analysed variable on self-medication.

Key findings
In total, 14 863 (67%) individuals reported using medication (prescribed and non-prescribed) and 3274 (22.0%) of them self-medicated. Using logistic regression and stratifying by age, four different models have been constructed. Our results include different variables in each of the models to explain self-medication, but the one that appears on all four models is education level. Age is the other important factor which influences self-medication. Self-medication is strongly associated with factors related to socio-demographic, such as sex, educational level or age, as well as several health factors such as long-standing illness or physical activity.

Conclusions
When our data are compared to those from previous Spanish surveys carried out in 2003 and 2006, we can conclude that self-medication is increasing in Spain.
Integrating medication samples into the traditional community pharmacy supply chain: a feasibility study
Authors: McCarthy Lisa M , Brown Thomas E R , Crown Natalie , Jobanputra Neil , Lui Michelle , Laporte Leigha , Taylor Valerie H 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objective
To assess the feasibility of a medication sampling program involving community pharmacists.

Methods
A community pharmacy dispensed samples after receiving a voucher given to patients by prescribers. Surveys explored prescribers’ and patients’ views about sampling and patients’ experiences with the program.

Key findings
Half of prescribers reported providing samples, yet 15 patients redeemed 18 vouchers over 1 year. Patients expressed favourable views towards sampling and pharmacist involvement, despite more than half (n = 8/15, 53%) feeling that visiting the pharmacy was less convenient.

Conclusion
A voucher-based medication sampling program based in a community pharmacy is a model integrating pharmacist care.
Can rapid negative exclusion of blood cultures by a molecular method, enzyme template generation and amplification technique (Cognitor® Minus), aid antimicrobial stewardship?
Authors: Dryden Matthew , Sitjar Agnes , Gunning Zoe , Lewis Sophie , Healey Richard , Satchithananthan Praneeth , Parker Natalie , Keyser Taryn , Saeed Kordo , Bennett Helen V 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Antimicrobial review is an important part of antimicrobial stewardship. A novel enzyme template generation and amplification technique (ETGA), the Cognitor® Minus (Momentum Bioscience, Long Hanborough, UK) test, has a 99.5% negative predictive value for bacteraemia and fungaemia. This observational study asked two questions: (1) Does a negative ETGA, indicating no bacteraemia or fungaemia, aid antimicrobial review within 48 h of admission; (2) In this real-life clinical setting, does a negative ETGA mean no bacteraemia or fungaemia?

Methods
Consecutive blood cultures in patients with clinical infection were tested by ETGA. Negative results indicating an absence of bacteraemia or fungaemia were reviewed by the clinical infection team. Antibiotics were reviewed in these patients, and the role of the ETGA result in antibiotic change was recorded. Patients were followed up for a week.

Key findings
A total of 197 of 246 samples gave a negative result by ETGA. This led to a positive stewardship outcome (antimicrobials changed) in 145 (73.6%) and negative stewardship outcome (empirical antimicrobials continued) in 47 (23.9%). Of the positive stewardship outcomes, the ETGA result supported the decision not to start antimicrobials in 21 (10.7%) patients, to stop antimicrobials in 21 (10.7%), to switch from IV to oral antimicrobials in 103 (52.2%) or to discharge or leave the patient at home in 58 cases (29.4%).

Conclusions
Enzyme template generation and amplification supports antimicrobial stewardship decisions and may have cost advantages in reducing unnecessary empirical antibiotics and antifungal agents and in discharging patients from hospital earlier. ETGA result was consistent with blood culture findings and gave an earlier negative result.
The compliance model of employment standards enforcement: an evidence‐based assessment of its efficacy in instances of wage theft
Authors: Vosko Leah F. , Grundy John , Tucker Eric , Thomas Mark P. , Noack Andrea M. , Casey Rebecca , Gellatly Mary , Mussell Jennifer 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article critically assesses the compliance model of employment standards enforcement through a study of monetary employment standards violations in Ontario, Canada. The findings suggest that, in contexts where changes to the organisation of work deepen insecurity for employees, models of enforcement that emphasise compliance over deterrence are unlikely to effectively prevent or remedy employment standards violations.
Effect of point and planar defects on thermal conductivity of TiO2−x
Authors: Ok Kyung Min , Ohishi Yuji , Muta Hiroaki , Kurosaki Ken , Yamanaka Shinsuke 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this study, we have investigated the effect of planar defect on thermal and electron transport as compared to point defect in the rutile TiO2−x. Two series of bulk TiO2−x(2−x = 2.000, 1.992, 1.985, 1.972, and 1.934) samples were prepared using different heat‐treatment procedures to clearly identify the presence of point and planar defects via powder X‐ray diffraction. The charge carrier density and mobility were determined from the Hall effect measurements using the van der Pauw method. The elastic properties of the studied materials such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, compressibility, and Debye temperature were evaluated from the measured sound velocities, while their thermal conductivities were determined from the thermal diffusivities, heat capacities, and densities measured in the temperature range between 300 and 1073 K. The theoretical calculation based on Klemens‐Callaway model has been performed to analyze the thermal conductivity. As a result, the effect of planar defects on the carrier mobility was almost equivalent to the effect produced by point defects. On the other hand, the presence of planar defects significantly reduced the thermal conductivity of TiO2−xas compared to point defect due to strong phonon scattering induced by planar defects.
Ionic occupation, structures, and microwave dielectric properties of Y3MgAl3SiO12 garnet‐type ceramics
Authors: Song Jianbing , Song Kaixin , Wei Jinsheng , Lin Huixin , Wu Jun , Xu Junming , Su Weitao , Cheng Zhiqun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Y3MgAl3SiO12 ceramics with pure phase were successfully synthesized by solid‐state sintering reaction method for the first time. Their microwave dielectric properties were investigated as a function of sintering temperature. Their microstructure characteristics and ionic occupation sites of tetrahedral and octahedral units were characterized and analyzed by SEM& energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and Rietveld refinement of X‐ray powder diffraction data. Crystal structure of Y3MgAl3SiO12 is isostructural to Y3Al5O12 with a cubic garnet structure and space group of Ia‐3d, which contains YO8 dodecahedra, (Mg/Aloct)O6 octahedral, and (Si/Altet)O4 tetrahedral units. The Qf and εr values of different samples are strongly dependent on the distribution of grain sizes, grain sizes, and porosity. The samples sintered at 1550°C exhibit optimized microwave dielectric properties with relative permittivity (ɛr) of 10.1, Qf values of 57 340GHz (at 9.5 GHz), and τf values of −32 ppm/°C. Such properties indicate potential application of Y3MgAl3SiO12 as microwave substrates.
Simultaneously enhanced piezoelectric response and piezoelectric voltage coefficient in textured KNN‐based ceramics
Authors: Liu Baihui , Li Peng , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei , Zhang Yang , Li Feng , Liu Xing 
Published: August 2017

Abstract<001> ‐textured 0.99(K0.49Na0.49Li0.02)(Nb0.97‐xSb0.03Tax)O3‐0.01CaZrO3 [abbreviated as 0.99KNLN0.97‐xSTx‐0.01CZ, x = 0.03, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25] ceramics were prepared by templated grain growth (TGG) method and a two‐step sintering process. Giant longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d33 (391 pC/N) and piezoelectric strain coefficient d33* (630 pm/V under an AC E‐field of 20 kV/cm) can be obtained in the textured ceramics with x = 0.25. All textured ceramics display superior kp (>54%) and g33 (>23 × 10−3 Vm/N) which are in an order of magnitude with PZT ceramics. The maximum value of kp (~63.3%) obtained in textured ceramics with x = 0.15 is higher than that of famous textured LF4 ceramics. Excellent comprehensive properties suggest that <001> ‐textured 0.99KNLN0.97‐xSTx‐0.01CZ ceramics are promising candidates in the field of lead‐free piezoelectric materials.
‘At the end of the day, it is more important that he stays happy’: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of people who have a sibling with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Goodwin J. , Alam S. , Campbell L. E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome. However, there is little research examining the effect of this multisystem disorder on the family, particularly siblings. The current study was a phenomenological exploration of sense‐making in siblings of a person with 22q11.2DS.MethodInterpretative phenomenological analysis informed a detailed and open examination of being a sibling of a person with 22q11.2DS. Using in‐depth semistructured interviews, five typically developing siblings (two men, three women) of people with 22q11.2DS were individually interviewed, providing the data set for transcription and thematic analysis.ResultsThe theme ‘They are the priority’ overarched two subordinate themes that emerged from participants' descriptions of the struggle with acceptance and finding positive meaning. Participants oscillated between conflicting feelings about their sibling with 22q11.2DS always taking centre stage. For example, they felt anger, guilt and resentment; yet, they also embraced patience, empathy and gratitude.ConclusionsThis phenomenological study provides a foundation for future research relating to 22q11.2DS and fostering family wellbeing, particularly around acceptance and psychological growth. The siblings in this study actively withdrew from their family to allow prioritisation of their affected sibling. However, this does not mean that their needs should be overlooked. There are easily accessible resources to support siblings of individuals with disabilities, and it is important for health professionals and parents to consider these options.
Syndrome specific modules to enhance the Stepping Stones Triple P public health intervention
Authors: Bezzina L. A. , Rice L. J. , Howlin P. , Tonge B. J. , Einfeld S. L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundService responses to behaviour phenotypes include care by expert clinicians, syndrome‐specific clinics, disability‐specific mental health services and generic mental health services. While these services contribute to care, they are often of limited accessibility.MethodsWe describe a population‐wide public health intervention aimed at increasing the accessibility of services to the target population. Stepping Stones Triple P (SSTP) is a public health intervention of known efficacy in reducing behaviour problems when delivered to parents of children aged 0–12 with mixed developmental disabilities.ResultsThe strategy we discuss involves enhancing SSTP with modules for specific causes of developmental disabilities including Down, Fetal Alcohol, Fragile X, Prader–Willi and Williams syndromes.ConclusionsWe propose that enhancing SSTP with syndrome specific modules will increase the accessibility of support to families who have a child with a specific behaviour phenotype. We suggest that future research should confirm the public health impact of the modified SSTP programme using the RE‐AIM framework.
Quasi‐experimental study on the effectiveness of a flipped classroom for teaching adult health nursing
Authors: Park Esther O. , Park Ji Hyun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimThe effectiveness of flipped learning as one of the teaching methods of active learning has been left unexamined in nursing majors, compared to the frequent attempts to uncover the effectiveness of it in other disciplines. The purpose of this study was to reveal the effectiveness of flipped learning pedagogy in an adult health nursing course, controlling for other variables.MethodsThe study applied a quasi‐experimental approach, comparing pre‐ and post‐test results in learning outcomes. Included in this analysis were the records of 81 junior nursing major students. The convenience sampling method was used to select the participants. Those in the experimental group were exposed to a flipped classroom experience that was given after the completion of their traditional class. The students’ learning outcomes and the level of critical thinking skills were evaluated before and after the intervention of the flipped classroom.ResultsAfter the flipped classroom experience, the scores of the students’ achievement in subject topics and critical thinking skills, specifically intellectual integrity and creativity, showed a greater level of increase than those of their controlled counterparts. This remained true even after controlling for previous academic performance and the level of creativity.ConclusionThis study confirmed the effectiveness of the flipped classroom as a measure of active learning by applying a quantitative approach. But, regarding the significance of the initial contribution of flipped learning in the discipline of nursing science, carrying out a more authentic experimental study could justify the impact of flipped learning pedagogy.
Cardiorespiratory effects of epidural anesthesia using lidocaine with morphine or dexmedetomidine in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.) undergoing bilateral tubal ligation surgery, anesthetized with isoflurane
Authors: Schäffer Débora Passos Hinojosa , de Araujo Nayone Lima Lantyer Cordeiro , Otero Ana Rosa , Dórea Neto Francisco de Assis , Barbosa Vivian Fernanda , Martins Filho Emanoel Ferreira , Oriá Arianne Pontes 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundEpidural anesthesia is indicated to decrease other anesthetic requirements, prolong analgesia, and reduce side effects. In primates, its use has been scarcely described. The aim was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of epidural anesthesia with lidocaine and dexmedetomidine (DEX) or morphine (MOR).MethodsTen female capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.) received epidural anesthesia with lidocaine and DEX or MOR under general anesthesia.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in heart rate with DEX and in blood pressure in all groups, with no changes in SpO2. There was a significant reduction in rectal temperature over time. A stable cardiac rhythm was observed; however, there was a prolonged QT interval with DEX.ConclusionsEpidural anesthesia with access to the lumbosacral space was safe and easy to perform. DEX decreased heart rate. All groups promoted a decrease in rectal temperature with respiratory and cardiac rhythm stability; however, hypotension should be considered.
Super pulse CO2 laser therapy for benign eyelid tumors
Authors: Zhang Jing , Duan Jueni , Gong Lan 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundBenign eyelid tumors occur commonly in daily outpatient services.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment of benign eyelid lesions with a super pulse CO2 laser as an alternative to surgical excision.MethodsThis retrospective clinical study included 80 patients with 99 benign eyelid lesions treated with super pulse CO2 laser photocoagulation. The following areas were involved: the upper eyelid in 38 cases, the lower eyelid in 39 cases, and the angulus oculi in seven cases (the eyelid margin was included in 18 cases). The laser spot size ranged from 120 to 200 μm and the super pulse CO2 laser power density varied between 0.6 and 21.1 W/mm2. The mean follow‐up period was 14.0±7.1 months (range five to 30). Histological diagnoses were obtained in 62 of the 80 patients.ResultsThe cosmetic outcomes of all of the patients were satisfactory after treatment, and the wounds formed dry scabs, with no infections. They were epithelialized within 2‐4 weeks with normal‐appearing epithelium. Temporarily, the treated area had less hyperpigmentation than the surrounding normal skin, showing no obvious scars or notches. No complications were observed, with no relapses during the follow‐up.ConclusionsThe super pulse CO2 laser therapy of the benign eyelid tumors provided satisfactory cosmetic results in this study. It is a convenient, cheap, accessible, and well‐tolerated alternative to traditional surgery, especially for diffuse tumors, or those positioned close to the lacrimal papillae.