bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFICIENCY OF GROWING MEAT-WOOL FIELDS DEPENDING ON THE TONNAGE OF WOOL
Authors: Mykytyuk V. V. , Begma N. А. , Mokdat Sanaa Y. A. 
Published: October 2024

In the article, based on the conducted research, considers the expediency of using wool fineness indicators in the selection process when growing meat-wool breeds.
Due to the lack of a comparative analysis of animal husbandry, experimental groups were formed conditionally and distributed according to the total number of herds. The first group of experimental animals included yaks with the thickness of wool fibers – 23.1–25.0 μm or 60th quality; to the II group with an average fiber diameter of 25.1–27.0 μm or 58th good quality;The III group consisted of ditches with a greater thickness of wool fibers – 27.1–29.0 μm or 56th good quality. In order to study the effectiveness of using fodder in production, three model groups of 10 head each at the age of 12 months were formed.
It was established that during the 60-day growing period, the indicators of absolute, average daily and relative growth in pits of II and III groups were higher. Feed costs per 1 kg of body weight gain amounted to 11.4 units in the first group and 1282 g of digestible protein, in the II and III groups, respectively, 10.3 units. and 1166 g and 10.4 k. units. and 1169 g of digestible protein.
Conducted studies have shown that the yaks with the tone of wool of the 56th quality are characterized by higher indicators in terms of live weight, development and wool productivity, which indicates their better adaptation to the natural and climatic conditions in which the farm is located.
R&D Program for A-USC Material Development with Creep Strength/Degradation Assessment Studies
Authors: Masuyama Fujimitsu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recently advanced ultra-super critical (A-USC) pressure power plants with 700°C class steam parameters have been under development worldwide. Japanese material R&D program for A- USC beside the plant R&D program started in 2008, launched in 2007 under the METI/NEDO foundation includes not only alloy design explores and novel ideas for developing new steels and alloys that can fill critical needs in building 700°C class advanced power plants, but also fundamental studies on creep strength and degradation assessment, which are absolutely needed to assure the long-term safe use of newly developed steels and alloys at critical temperature conditions, for instance, 650°C for ferritic steels, 700°C for austenitic steels and 750°C for Ni- based alloys. This program concept has been based on the lessons from materials issues recently experienced in the creep strength enhanced ferritic steels used for 600°C class ultra-super critical power plants. Particular outputs from the program up to now are recognized as the ferritic steel having the creep strength of 100MPa at 650°C beyond 30,000h without any Type IV degradation and as the austenitic steel developed by means of inter-metallic compounds precipitation strengthening of grain boundary which should be strongest in creep ever found. Concurrently great progresses have been seen in the research works with positron annihilation life monitoring method applicable to various kinds of defects, structural free energy values, small punch creep test data for very limited interest area, crystallographic analyses, optimum time-temperature parameter regional creep rupture curve fitting method, hardness model, etc. which would highly contribute to find out and establish the structural parameters affecting to creep strength and degradation resulting in accurately estimating the 100,000h creep strength.
Microstructural Evolution in Nimonic 263 for High-Temperature Power Plants
Authors: Smith S.A. , West G.D. , Chi K. , Gamble W. , Thomson R.C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To address current energy and environmental demands, the development and implementation of more efficient power plants is crucial. This efficiency improvement is primarily achieved by increasing steam temperatures and pressures, necessitating the introduction of new materials capable of withstanding these extreme conditions. Nickel-based alloys emerge as prime candidates for high-temperature and high-pressure applications, offering significant creep strength and the ability to operate at metal temperatures above 750°C. This research focuses specifically on steam header and pipework systems, which are critical components carrying steam from boilers to turbines under severe operating conditions. The study emphasizes the importance of selecting suitable materials for these components and developing methodologies to predict their safe operating lifetimes, thereby ensuring the reliable and efficient operation of next-generation power plants.
Long-Term Creep Properties of 2.25Cr-1.6W-VNbB Steel (T23/P23) for Fossil Fired and Heat Recovery Boilers
Authors: Okada H. , Igarashi M. , Yoshizawa M. , Matsumoto S. , Nakashima T. , Iseda A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The creep enhanced low alloy steel with 2.25Cr-1.6W-V-Nb (HCM2S; Gr.23, ASME CC2199) has been originally developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. and Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. The steel tubes and pipe (T23/P23) are now widely used for fossil fired power plants all over the world. Recently, the chemical composition requirements for ASME Code of the steel have been changed and a new Code Case 2199-4 has been issued with the additional restriction regarding Ti, B, N and Ni, and the Ti/N ratio incorporated. In this study, the effects of additional elements of Ti, N and B on the mechanical properties and microstructure of T23/P23 steels have been evaluated. It is found that N decreases the hardenability of the steel by forming BN type nitride and thus consuming the effective B, which is a key element for hardening of the steel. The addition of Ti, on the other hand, enhances the hardenability of the steel by precipitating TiN and thus increasing the effective B. It is also found that too much addition of Ti degrades the Charpy impact property and creep ductility of the steel to a great extent. This phenomenon might affect the steel's long-term creep rupture properties, although a steel with the original chemical composition has demonstrated high creep strength at temperatures up to 600°C for more than 110,000 h.
Characterization of Steam-Formed Oxides on Candidate Materials for USC Boilers
Authors: Sarver J. M. , Tanzosh J. M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the “Boiler Materials for Ultrasupercritical Coal Power Plants” program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Ohio Coal Development Office, various materials are being assessed for their suitability in the high-temperature, high-pressure environment of advanced ultrasupercritical (A-USC) boilers. Beyond mechanical properties and fireside corrosion resistance, these materials must also exhibit adequate steamside oxidation and exfoliation resistance. A comprehensive database of steamside oxidation test results at temperatures relevant to A-USC conditions has been compiled over recent years. These tests have been conducted on ferritic and austenitic materials with chromium content ranging from 2 to 26%. The specimens were evaluated for oxidation kinetics and oxide morphology. The findings indicate that steamside oxidation behavior is significantly affected by temperature, the chromium content of the material, and the ability of chromium to diffuse through the material's crystallographic lattice structure. Additionally, surface treatments have been applied to enhance the steamside oxidation resistance of certain materials. While these treatments have shown potential, their effectiveness can be limited by the operational temperatures.
Creep Rupture Strength and Microstructural Investigation of 12 % Cr Steel Large Forgings for Ultra-Supercritical Steam Turbine Rotors
Authors: Mikami M. , Wakeshima Y. , Miyata T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
10CrMoWVNbN (X 12 CrMoWVNbN 10 1 1) steel trial forgings has been manufactured to clarify the effect of austenitizing temperature on the creep rupture strength and microstructure. From the results of creep rupture tests up to 30,000 hours, higher austenitizing temperature improves the rupture strength without large degradation of the rupture ductility. The microstructural investigations demonstrate that the prior austenite grain size and the precipitation behavior of fine M2X particles are presumed to contribute to the improvement of creep rupture strength.
Corrosion-Fatigue in Steam Turbine Blades
Authors: Salzman R. N. , Rieger N. F. , Tschegg S. , Schönbauer B. , Turnbull A. , Zhou S. , Gandy D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A research program has been initiated to develop the first predictive methodology for corrosion fatigue life in steam turbine blades, addressing a critical gap in current understanding despite extensive research into corrosion pitting and fatigue failure. The study focuses initially on dual-certified 403/410 12% Cr stainless steel, utilizing a newly developed test facility capable of conducting high-cycle fatigue tests in simulated steam environments at 90°C with controlled corrosive conditions. This testing platform enables the investigation of various steady and cyclic stress conditions, establishing a foundation for future testing of other blade steels and the development of comprehensive blade life estimation techniques.
Microstructural Degradation during High Temperature Exposure Up to 105 h and Its Effects on Creep of Grade 91 Steel
Authors: Chen R.P. , Ghassemi Armaki H. , Maruyama K. , Minami Y. , Igarashi M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A study of Grade 91 steel's creep rupture behavior at 600°C (up to 90,000 hours) and 650°C (up to 23,000 hours) reveals that static recovery of tempered martensite lath structures leads to decreased stress exponent and breakdown of creep strength. While M23C6 and MX particles initially stabilize lath structures by hindering sub-boundary migration, the progressive aggregation of M23C6 particles reduces their pinning force, triggering static recovery. Although Grade 91 steel shows better M23C6 thermal stability compared to Grade 122 type steels (9-12%Cr-2W-0.4Mo-1Cu-VNb), coarsening of M23C6 particles and subgrain width is expected to occur slightly beyond 100,000 hours at 600°C, potentially leading to creep strength breakdown.
Effects of Variation of Phase Chemistry on Multi-Region Stress Rupture Properties at 625°C for P92 Steel
Authors: Peng Z. F. , Cai L.S. , Peng F. F. , Hu Y. P. , Chen F. Y. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A study of P92 steel's creep-rupture behavior at 625°C revealed distinct relationships between phase chemistry and stress rupture properties across two regions: high-stress/short-term (180-150 MPa for 30-454 h) and low-stress/long-term (140-110 MPa for 2881-10,122 h). Using EPMA-EDS with Multiphase Separation Method (MPSM), researchers analyzed how M23C6 and Laves phase coarsening and chemistry (focusing on Cr, W, and Mo distribution) varied between these regions. This multi-region analysis established a framework for more efficient creep testing and improved extrapolation of short-term results to predict long-term rupture strengths, while providing reference phase chemistry data for future studies.
The Effect of Simulated Post Weld Heat Treatment Temperature Overshoot on Microstructural Evolution in P91 and P92 Power Plant Steels
Authors: MacLachlan R.C. , Sanchez-Hanton J.J. , Thomson R.C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Creep strength enhanced ferritic (CSEF) steels, particularly modified 9Cr steels Grade 91 and 92, are increasingly used in advanced coal-fired power plants for header and steam piping construction. While these materials typically enter service after receiving a standard high-temperature normalizing treatment followed by lower temperature tempering to achieve optimal microstructure, practical situations like welding operations may expose components to additional heat treatment exceeding the Ac1, and potentially the Ac3, temperature before returning to tempering temperature. This research examines the effects of simulated post weld heat treatments (PWHT) on Grade 91 and 92 materials using dilatometer-controlled heating and cooling rates, with peak temperatures below Ac1, between Ac1 and Ac3, and above Ac3, followed by heat treatment at 750°C for 2 hours. Hardness measurements revealed significant reduction when exceeding the Ac1 temperature, while advanced electron microscopy, including electron back scatter diffraction, was employed to analyze changes in martensite laths and grain structure, along with detailed carbide size distribution analysis using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The findings are discussed in terms of how such PWHT overshoots might affect mechanical properties during high-temperature service.
Analysis of 3row Failure Caused by Vulnerable Data Retention Failure Adjacent to Disconnected BCAT
Authors: Nam Jongwon , Kim Youmin , Han Jinhyeon , Kim Sangho , Jo Hyunhee , Park Seaeun , Lee Kanghyuk , Kim Jihoon , Jung Ilwoo , Lee Dongin , Lee Byunghyun , Park SeGuen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chips grow in density and complexity, tightly packed word lines become increasingly susceptible to interference, potentially causing data retention failures. This study investigates a novel failure mechanism where disconnected buried channel array transistors (BCATs) create interference affecting three adjacent word lines (3row failure). Through systematic analysis of voltage, temperature, and operational sequences, we demonstrate that the pass gate effect significantly impairs dynamic data retention, leading to these 3row failures. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified defect mechanism in advanced DRAM technology and emphasize the importance of comprehensive testing protocols for detecting and characterizing emerging failure modes. This work contributes to the broader effort of improving DRAM reliability in modern computing systems.
Studying the FT-IR Spectra of Flux at Different Curing Conditions for Semiconductor Applications
Authors: Murugan Sharmeeni , Thiagarajan Sangeetha , Fakri Amirul , Imadudina  , Anamarliha  
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the behavior of flux compounds under different curing conditions for two distinct flux materials. To explore this behavior, we conducted two separate experimental designs. In the first design, we varied the heating temperature (ranging from 40°C to 180°C) and tested with 0.1g of flux for 50 seconds. The second design involved varying the mass volume of flux (ranging from 0.02g to 0.1g) and testing for 300 seconds at 160°C. We employed FT-IR analysis to detect any changes in the functional groups present in the flux. The results indicate that flux exposed to different curing conditions undergoes decomposition of certain functional groups. This effect becomes more pronounced with increasing temperature and decreasing flux mass volume. TQ Analyst software quantified the significant variations in the IR spectra, revealing mismatches at different curing conditions.
Application of Visible ThermoDynamic Imaging Technology for Hotspot Detection in Failure Analysis
Authors: Tominaga Shimpei , Chinone Norimichi , Uchikado Akihito , Aoshima Yuhei , Nakamura Tomonori , Matsumoto Toru , Jung Yunki , Lee Sungho , Han Sangmin , Kim Hyeongki , Ikesu Masataka 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The emergence of three-dimensional (3D) semiconductor devices has increased the importance of thermal imaging techniques. This paper presents a dual-capability system combining thermo-reflectance and thermal lock-in imaging (LIT) for high-speed, highly sensitive thermal analysis. We evaluate the hotspot detection capabilities of two-wavelength thermo-reflectance compared to LIT, including results from actual failure analysis cases. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of thermo-reflectance detection (TD) imaging for 3D devices where direct optical access to active layers is limited, such as 3D NAND flash memory and BSP-DN structured devices. This approach offers a promising solution for the thermal characterization of complex 3D semiconductor architectures.
Integrating Multimodal Microscopy and Artificial Intelligence Solutions for Laser Dicing Process Induced Defect Identification
Authors: Cognigni Flavio , Lamedica Giulio , Mello Domenico , Von Gunten Philippe , Fiannaca Guillaume , Stegmann Heiko , du Plessis Anton , Rossi Marco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In semiconductor manufacturing, the process of laser dicing can result in a loss of yield due to defects associated to the laser interaction with the sample. These defects can be difficult to identify, especially before a proper tuning of the process. Traditional investigation methods, like infrared (IR) inspection and focused-ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) analysis, are labor-intensive and lack comprehensive insights. Here, we propose a robust correlative microscopy (CM) workflow integrating IR, X-ray Microscopy (XRM), and FIB-SEM tomography analyses, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) driven algorithm for time- and quality-improved dataset reconstruction, automatic segmentation and defect site identification. Our approach streamlines defect identification, preparation, and characterization. Through AI-enhanced methodologies, as well as femtosecond (fs) laser, we optimize investigation efficiency and extract crucial information about defects properties and evolution. Our research aims to advance semiconductor failure analysis by integrating AI for enhanced defect localization and high-quality 3D dataset acquisition in the realm of laser dicing processes.
RF-LIT Use Case Studies
Authors: van Veenhuizen Marc , Meeuwsen Eric , Lin Keying , Nab Maarten , Achour Mohammed , Gommers Pieter , Thukral Varun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper discusses the application of the RF-LIT technique to a variety of use cases. The technique itself was introduced during last year’s ISTFA 2023 conference. The present work aims to showcase its suitability for the analysis of polyline cracks and packaging related fails such as via opens in RDL as well as cracks in solder joints. Further, a model is constructed explaining why RF-LIT can work and where the frequency dependence comes from.
Failure Analysis of InGaAs/GaAs Nanoridge Lasers by Electron Beam Based Nanoprobing
Authors: Sharma Anjanashree M.R. , Hsieh Ping-Yi , Panda Debi Prasad , Jacobs Kristof J.P. , Yudistira Didit , Kunert Bernardette , Van Campenhout Joris , Won Seo Jin , De Wolf Ingrid , Jatzkowski Jörg , Altmann Frank 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the failure analysis of InGaAs/GaAs-on-Si nanoridge laser diodes using the electron beam based nano-probing technique is presented. These III-V laser devices are fabricated using the nano-ridge engineering approach where the misfit dislocations generated during the growth of InGaAs/GaAs layers on silicon substrate are confined away from the active region. It is observed that the applied electrical stress causes degradation of electrical properties of the laser devices. We demonstrate the application of the electron beam induced current (EBIC) technique for failure analysis of nano-ridge lasers. This high-resolution technique helps to visualize the local distribution of the electric field in a nano-ridge p-i-n diode. The EBIC signal from the reference (electrically unstressed) device and the electrically stressed device is compared and hence can be used to identify the defective region. Furthermore, in-situ electrical stress experiments are performed for systematic analysis of the impact of electrical stress on the EBIC results.
Large Area Circuit Delayering from the Backside Using Chemically Assisted Focused Ion Beam Sputtering with Optical Metrology Feedback
Authors: DiBattista Michael , Chivas Robert , Sheeder Jonathan , Silverman Scott , Beaulieu Henry 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Advanced node semiconductor reverse engineering has always demanded cutting-edge techniques to cleanly extract the key structural information from the integrated circuit (IC) design. Core circuit edit technologies such as taking a backside wafer approach, employing scanning focused ion beam (FIB) recipes, optimized chemical delivery, and endpoint technology based on ultraviolet (UV) photon spectroscopy can play an important role in success. Once delayered, the IC's structural layers can be subjected to high-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. A new tool has been developed that incorporates these capabilities for dedicated IC delayering. These capabilities allow for the visualization of individual layers, transistors, interconnects, and other critical elements at nanometer-scale resolution, unveiling valuable insights into the IC's design and functionality.
Top-Down Junction Analysis in SiC
Authors: Johnson Gregory M. , Rummel Andreas , Barbarino Pietro Paolo , Sciuto Giuseppe , Astuto Massimiliano , Calvagno Giancarlo , Ricciari Roberta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An innovative method of characterizing p/n junctions and finding defects in SiC MOSFETs is discussed. First, a baseline technique is considered, which involves OBIRCH analysis of shorting paths after etching off the surface metal. The resolution, however, is not satisfactory. Top surface EBIC and EBIRCH results are then presented. Single-probe imaging with EBIC on gates with a 25 kV SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscopy) is shown to be able to image sub-surface depletion zones in the sample. Further measurements by EBIRCH isolated the precise spot of the defect.
Organ Symphony "Noёl" by Paul de Maleingreau and the Christian Mystery of Christmas
Authors: Muravska Olha 
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the work is to reveal the poetic-intonational spiritual-symbolic aspects of the organ symphony "Noël" by P. de Malengro in the direction of stylistic and spiritual-philosophical searches of the Franco-Belgian culture of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Research methodology. An interdisciplinary, genre-stylistic, historical-cultural approach was essential for this work, allowing to explore the factors contributing to the discovery of the spiritual-semantic specificity of the concept of "symphony" in all its variety of meanings. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by the introduction into musicological use of materials from the organ symphony "Noël" by P. de Malengro, the poetics of which was formed at the intersection of the artistic, spiritual and musical traditions of the Northern Renaissance and French modernism. Conclusions. An overview of the use of the term "symphony" in the cultural-historical and spiritual practice of different eras testifies not only to the breadth of its semantic and applied meanings, but also to the presence of general semantic indicators, in accordance with which a symphony ultimately implies a certain integrity in which merge, different numerous components are combined. A symphony as a musical work is an equally complex and comprehensive concept that represents the most diverse "models" of this genre. The organ symphony "Noël" by P. de Malengro represents the typology of the "spiritual symphony". Its expressiveness, related to the biblical mystery of Christmas, is strengthened by the composer's appeal also to the masterpieces of the Northern Renaissance (Rogir van der Weyden and the van Eyck brothers). Symphony "Noël" is a free composition (4 parts) of the suite-variation type, a "symphony-mystery", the thematic basis of which is Gregorian chants, as well as the corresponding principles of their texture and mode-intonation development (monody, heterophony, various forms of polyphonic development, reproduction of the spiritual and vocal practice of discanting of the Notre Dame School). The poetics of such a "symphony-mystery" is significantly supplemented by an appeal to the timbre qualities of the so-called "symphonic organ", the universalism of performance, dynamic and timbre-intonation capabilities of which turned out to be literally correlated with the universalism of the symphony genre as such.