bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concept and performance testing of a high‐capacity oil damper comprising multiple damper units
Authors: Yamamoto Masashi , Minewaki Shigeo , Nakahara Manabu , Tsuyuki Yasuo 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThere has been a significant increase in the size of building structures in recent years. Huge structures such as high‐rise buildings and large‐domed stadiums require high‐performance structural control, including the use of high‐capacity dampers, especially in an earthquake‐prone country like Japan. The objective of the present study was the enhancement of both human and structural safety in such structures through the development of a rate‐dependent type of damper with a high damping capacity. Among the various available types of rate‐dependent dampers, the authors focused on the oil damper owing to its stable performance against long‐duration vibrations. The target maximum damping force was 6000 kN, which is higher than that of any existing oil damper utilized in building structures. The authors developed a novel concept for achieving this high capacity while maintaining the size of the damper within acceptable dimensions from an architectural point of view. The concept involves the use of multiple damper units that produce mechanically parallel damping forces spatially arranged in series. As a prototype, a 1500‐kN oil damper was fabricated by combining three 500‐kN dampers. The 1500‐kN prototype damper was conceived as a full‐scale prototype of a damper that is more slender than comparable commercially available dampers in Japan, and as a scaled model of the proposed 6000‐kN damper.Sinusoidal loading tests were conducted on the prototype damper using a frequency range of 0.1–1.5 Hz and a velocity range of 0.4–300 mm/s. The results confirmed that the damper produced the design damping forces. The results of earthquake loading tests also revealed that the damper exerted a stable damping force against a large earthquake and maintained its performance after the earthquake. The damper is particularly effective against earthquakes with long‐period components that could increase the temperature of a damper. This is afforded by its high heat capacity compared to conventional dampers.Considering that the proposed 6000‐kN damper will generate a damping force that is about 2–3 times that of the strongest conventional oil damper, existing manufacturer test machines would be inadequate for evaluating its full performance characteristics. To address this issue, the authors also propose a test method for evaluating the overall damping force. The method is premised on the fact that the characteristic feature of the proposed damper is its combination of multiple damper units. The overall performance is thus evaluated using the test results for the individual damper units while the other dampers are bypassed. This method was verified by the results of the abovementioned sinusoidal loading tests, with the error for the 1500‐kN prototype damper found to be less than 5%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Metal Substrates for High Power Metal‐supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Hwang C. S. , Tsai C. H. , Hwang T. J. , Chang C. L. , Yang S. F. , Lin J. K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNovel high permeable porous Ni‐Mo substrates with different area densities of straight gas flow channels are successfully developed to improve the hydrogen fuel gas and the water byproduct diffusion in the anode and supporting substrate. Metal‐supported cell A, cell B and cell C with 5 × 5 cm2 supporting substrates are fabricated by atmospheric plasma spraying processes, these cells have the material structure of Ni‐Mo/LSCM (La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5‐Mn0.5O3–δ)/NiO‐LDC(Ce0.55La0.45O2–δ)/SDC(Sm0.15Ce0.85O3–δ)/LSGM (La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3–δ)/SSC(Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3–δ). Cell A is supported by a conventional porous Ni‐Mo substrate without straight gas flow channels, cell B and cell C are supported respectively by the novel high permeable porous Ni‐Mo substrates with 1.5 and 2.73 channels per square centimeter. The power densities at 0.8 V and 750 °C are 550, 998 and 1,161 mW cm−2 for cell A, cell B and cell C respectively. The 100 h durability test at the constant current density of 400 mA cm−2 and 650 °C shows cell B and cell C have smaller degradation rates than cell A. The results obtained from AC impedance and circuit model analyses indicate that the electrolyte ohm and the cathode polarization resistances are significantly reduced by introducing straight gas flow channels into the supporting substrate.
Anisotropy characteristics of coal shrinkage/swelling and its impact on coal permeability evolution with CO2 injection
Authors: Liu Shimin , Wang Yi , Harpalani Satya 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCoal deforms with gas depletion during coal bed methane (CBM) primary recovery and CO2 storage for purposes of sequestration or enhanced recovery. The sorption‐induced deformation associated with gas adsorption and desorption has been experimentally and theoretically studied and is considered to be a unique feature of coal. The results of a series of experimental measurements of coal deformation with gas injection and depletion using helium, methane, CO2, and various mixtures of methane and CO2 revealed that the coal sorption‐induced deformation exhibits anisotropy, with larger deformation in direction perpendicular to bedding than those parallel to the bedding planes. Furthermore, the deformation of coal is reversible for helium and methane with injection/depletion, but not for CO2. Aiming at improving the understanding of enhanced CBM process, a coal deformation experimental study on methane displacement with CO2 was performed as well, where incremental swelling was measured for each CO2 displacement step. The total induced swelling strain (1.68%) with CO2 saturation was less than that for pure CO2 injection‐induced strain (1.87%) at same pressure of 5.9 MPa (850 psi). The measured deformation with CO2 injection was applied to a constant‐volume based analytical coal permeability model, which is capable of accommodating the anisotropic sorption‐induced deformation. Based on the modeling results, it was found that application of isotropic deformation in permeability model can overestimate the permeability loss compared to anisotropic deformation. This demonstrates that the anisotropic coal deformation should be considered to predict the permeability behavior of CBM as well as CO2 sequestration/ECBM projects. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
3D‐Printing inside the Glovebox: A Versatile Tool for Inert‐Gas Chemistry Combined with Spectroscopy
Authors: Lederle Felix , Kaldun Christian , Namyslo Jan C. , Hübner Eike G. 
Published: March 2016

3D‐Printing with the well‐established ‘Fused Deposition Modeling’ technology was used to print totally gas‐tight reaction vessels, combined with printed cuvettes, inside the inert‐gas atmosphere of a glovebox. During pauses of the print, the reaction flasks out of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene were filled with various reactants. After the basic test reactions to proof the oxygen tightness and investigations of the influence of printing within an inert‐gas atmosphere, scope and limitations of the method are presented by syntheses of new compounds with highly reactive reagents, such as trimethylaluminium, and reaction monitoring via UV/VIS, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. The applicable temperature range, the choice of solvents, the reaction times, and the analytical methods have been investigated in detail. A set of reaction flasks is presented, which allow routine inert‐gas syntheses and combined spectroscopy without modifications of the glovebox, the 3D‐printer, or the spectrometers. Overall, this demonstrates the potential of 3D‐printed reaction cuvettes to become a complementary standard method in inert‐gas chemistry.
Correlative NAD(P)H‐FLIM and oxygen sensing‐PLIM for metabolic mapping
Authors: Kalinina Sviatlana , Breymayer Jasmin , Schäfer Patrick , Calzia Enrico , Shcheslavskiy Vladislav , Becker Wolfgang , Rück Angelika 
Published: March 2016

Cellular responses to oxygen tension have been studied extensively. Oxygen tension can be determined by considering the phosphorescence lifetime of a phosphorescence sensor. The simultaneous usage of FLIM of coenzymes as NAD(P)H and FAD+ and PLIM of oxygen sensors could provide information about correlation of metabolic pathways and oxygen tension. We investigated correlative NAD(P)H‐FLIM and oxygen sensing‐PLIM for simultaneously analyzing cell metabolism and oxygen tension. Cell metabolism and pO2 were observed under different hypoxic conditions in squamous carcinoma cell cultures and in complex ex vivo systems. Increased hypoxia induced an increase of the phosphorescence lifetime of Ru(BPY)3 and in most cases a decrease in the lifetime of NAD(P)H which is in agreement to the expected decrease of the protein‐bound NAD(P)H during hypoxia.Oxygen was modulated directly in the mitochondrial membrane. Blocking of complex III and accumulation of oxygen could be observed by both the decrease of the phosphorescence lifetime of Ru(BPY)3 and a reduction of the lifetime of NAD(P)H which was a clear indication of acute changes in the redox state of the cells. For the first time simultaneous FLIM/PLIM has been shown to be able to visualize intracellular oxygen tension together with a change from oxidative to glycolytic phenotype.
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Visible Raman excitation laser induced power and exposure dependent effects in red blood cells
Authors: Ahlawat Sunita , Kumar Nitin , Uppal Abha , Kumar Gupta Pradeep 
Published: March 2016

We present results of Raman spectroscopic studies carried out on optically trapped red blood cells with Raman excitation wavelength in Q‐band region of the hemoglobin (Hb) absorption spectrum. The results obtained suggest that when exposed to the Raman excitation laser the RBCs get deoxygenated due to photo‐dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin. For smaller exposure durations (5 s) the level of deoxygenation increases with an increase in power. However, for longer exposure durations the deoxygenated hemoglobin in the cells gets irreversibly oxidized to form a low spin ferric derivative of hemoglobin. The rate of oxidation depends upon the initial level of deoxygenation; higher the initial level of deoxygenation, higher is the rate of oxidation. However, the RBCs deoxygenated via oxygen deprivation (i.e. N2 purging) were found to be very stable against any laser induced effect. These observations suggests that in case of laser induced deoxygenation of RBCs the free oxygen generated by photo‐dissociation acts as the oxidizing agent and leads to oxidative damage of the RBCs.
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Real‐Time In Vivo Confocal Fluorescence Imaging of Prostate Cancer Bone‐Marrow Micrometastasis Development at the Cellular Level in Nude Mice
Authors: Miwa Shinji , Toneri Makoto , Igarashi Kentaro , Yano Shuya , Kimura Hiroaki , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Yamamoto Norio , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIn the present report, we demonstrate in vivo fluorescence imaging of bone‐marrow micrometastasis of prostate cancer at the cellular level in nude mice. PC‐3 human prostate cancer cells labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or red fluorescent protein (RFP) were injected into the left ventricle or intratibial bone marrow of nude mice. PC‐3‐GFP, as well as selected high metastatic variants of PC‐3‐GFP, PC‐3‐GFP‐BM6 or PC‐3‐RFP were visualized by real‐time fluorescence imaging, to traffic and grow in the bone marrow. Formation of bone marrow micrometastasis could be imaged at the single‐cell level in live mice, using confocal microscopy. The ability to track bone marrow micrometastasis in real time at the cellular level provides a visual target for evaluating new therapeutics for this recalcitrant disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2533–2537, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation of Early Recurrence With In Vitro Adenosine Triphosphate Based Chemotherapy Response Assay in Pancreas Cancer With Postoperative Gemcitabine Chemotherapy
Authors: Park Joon Seong , Kim Jae Keun , Yoon Dong Sup 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionGemcitabine‐based regimens represent the standard systemic first line treatment in patients after pancreatic resection. However, the clinical impact of gemcitabine varies significantly in individuals because of chemoresistance. An in vitro adenosine triphosphate based chemotherapy response assay (ATP‐CRA) was designed to evaluate the sensitivity of cancer cells to various chemotherapeutic agents. This study investigated the correlation between in vitro gemcitabine sensitivity of tumor cells and early recurrence after curative resection.MethodFrom January 2007 to December 2010, the ATP‐CRA for gemcitabine was tested in 64 patients surgically treated for pancreas cancer at Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea. We analyzed the relationship between chemosensitivity and early systemic recurrence in patients with pancreas cancer to predict disease‐free survival (DFS) after curative resection in pancreas cancer.ResultThe mean cell death rate (CDR) was 20.0 (±14.5) and divided into two groups according to the mean values of the CDR. Lymphovascular invasion was more frequently shown in gemcitabine resistance group without statistical significance. In univariate and multivariate analysis, advanced tumor stage and gemcitabine sensitive group (CDR ≥ 20) were identified as independent prognostic factors for DFS.ConclusionsGemcitabine sensitivity measured by ATP‐CRA was well correlated with in vivo drug responsibility to predict early recurrence following gemcitabine‐based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pancreas cancer.
Investigation of mechanical and tribological properties of tribo‐layer of Ni3Al matrix composites
Authors: Zhai Wenzheng , Shi Xiaoliang , Ibrahim Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud , Xu Zengshi , Zhang Qiaoxin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe sliding wear of Ni3Al matrix composites with addition of 1.5 wt.% graphene nanoplates was studied through pin‐on‐disc wear testing. The spontaneous formation of a tribo‐layer produced during sliding wear was found to result in a deviation from Archard scaling and an unexpected high wear resistance that was not based on hardness alone. The tribo‐layer exhibited specific microstructural evolution with significant severe deformation and grain refinement after wear. In the grain refinement area, the accumulation of dislocations and an increase in misorientations were found to lead to strain hardening. For the plastic deformed area, reduction in the dislocation density inside the elongated ultrafine grains reduced strain hardening compared with the grain refinement area. It can be concluded that the deviation from Archard scaling occurred primarily as a result of the microstructural evolution of the tribo‐layer, resulting in the specific performance of mechanical and tribological properties of Ni3Al matrix composites under cyclic sliding wear process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microspheres Assembled from Chitosan‐Graft‐Poly(lactic acid) Micelle‐Like Core–Shell Nanospheres for Distinctly Controlled Release of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Biomolecules
Authors: Niu Xufeng , Liu Zhongning , Hu Jiang , Rambhia Kunal J. , Fan Yubo , Ma Peter X. 
Published: March 2016

To simultaneously control inflammation and facilitate dentin regeneration, a copolymeric micelle‐in‐microsphere platform is developed in this study, aiming to simultaneously release a hydrophobic drug to suppress inflammation and a hydrophilic biomolecule to enhance odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in a distinctly controlled fashion. A series of chitosan‐graft‐poly(lactic acid) copolymers is synthesized with varying lactic acid and chitosan weight ratios, self‐assembled into nanoscale micelle‐like core–shell structures in an aqueous system, and subsequently crosslinked into microspheres through electrostatic interaction with sodium tripolyphosphate. A hydrophobic biomolecule either coumarin‐6 or fluocinolone acetonide (FA) is encapsulated into the hydrophobic cores of the micelles, while a hydrophilic biomolecule either bovine serum albumin or bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) is entrapped in the hydrophilic shells and the interspaces among the micelles. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic biomolecules are delivered with distinct and tunable release patterns. Delivery of FA and BMP‐2 simultaneously suppresses inflammation and enhances odontogenesis, resulting in significantly enhanced mineralized tissue regeneration. This result also demonstrates the potential for this novel delivery system to deliver multiple therapeutics and to achieve synergistic effects.
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Nanoscaled Biocoatings via Enzyme Mediated Autodeposition of Casein
Authors: Ruediger Arne A. , Bremser Wolfgang , Strube Oliver I. 
Published: March 2016

Formation of nanoscaled monolayer protein structures via enzyme mediated autodeposition is investigated on the example of casein as protein and chymosin as enzyme. The key of this method is tethering of enzyme to the support. This ensures that destabilization and subsequent deposition of casein particles occurs only in direct proximity to the support surface. In this work, covalent enzyme coupling (with and without polymeric spacer) is applied to obtain high site‐specificity and self‐terminating properties of the autodeposition process. Direct covalent coupling results in defined deposition of monolayer films or single particles. Use of polymeric spacers increases the amount and radius of deposition by a factor of 4, due to higher mobility of enzyme and delayed self‐termination. Deposited casein structures show DMT‐moduli of 1.2–1.4 GPa, indicating higher flexibility compared to conventional casein coatings. Applications might arise in the fields of implantology and biosensor technology as well as renewable coatings.
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Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate improves epithelial barrier function by inducing the production of antimicrobial peptide pBD‐1 and pBD‐2 in monolayers of porcine intestinal epithelial IPEC‐J2 cells
Authors: Wan Murphy L. Y. , Ling K. H. , Wang M. F. , El‐Nezami Hani 
Published: March 2016

ScopeGreen tea has been known to confer numerous health benefits such as the prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancers, and obesity. Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) is the major polyphenol present in green tea. Since EGCG is a food‐derived component, intestinal epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract are constantly and directly exposed to EGCG. It is anticipated that EGCG can exert beneficial effects in the intestine. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of EGCG on intestinal barrier functions against bacterial translocation by using a porcine jejunal epithelial cell line, IPEC‐J2.Methods and resultsEGCG reduced bacterial translocation across IPEC‐J2 cell monolayers through the enhancement of the intestinal epithelial immunological barrier function by inducing secretion of antimicrobial peptides, porcine β‐defensins 1 and 2 (pBD‐1 and 2), which possessed higher antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that EGCG upregulated pBD‐2 but not pBD‐1 via the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase dependent pathway. Such effects were not an “artifact” of hydrogen peroxide, catechin dimers, or other auto‐oxidation products generated from EGCG in cell culture media.ConclusionOur results imply that EGCG may be useful for prevention of intestinal disorders or bacterial infection in animals/humans.
Portfolio optimization for jump‐diffusion risky assets with common shock dependence and state dependent risk aversion
Authors: Zhang Caibin , Liang Zhibin 
Published: March 2016

SummaryAn optimal portfolio problem with one risk‐free asset and two jump‐diffusion risky assets is studied in this paper, where the two risky asset price processes are correlated through a common shock. Under the criterion of maximizing the mean‐variance utility of the terminal wealth with state dependent risk aversion, we formulate the time‐inconsistent problem within a game theoretic framework and look for subgame perfect Nash equilibrium strategy. Based on the technique of stochastic control theory and the corresponding extended Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation, the closed‐form expressions of the optimal equilibrium strategy and value function are derived. Furthermore, we find that the optimal strategy, that is, the amount of money invested into the risky asset, is proportional to current wealth. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to show the impact of model parameters on the optimal results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experiences of informational needs and received information following a prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defect
Authors: Carlsson Tommy , Bergman Gunnar , Wadensten Barbro , Mattsson Elisabet 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the need for information and what information was actually received following prenatal diagnosis of a congenital heart defect, in a country where termination of pregnancy beyond 22 weeks of gestation is not easily possible because of legal constraints.MethodsTwenty‐six Swedish‐speaking pregnant women (n = 14) and partners (n = 12) were consecutively recruited for semi‐structured telephone interviews following the prenatal diagnosis of a congenital heart defect. Data were analyzed using content analysis.ResultsAlthough high satisfaction with the specialist information was described, the information was considered overwhelming and complex. Objective, honest, and detailed information about multiple subjects were needed, delivered repeatedly, and supplemented by written information/illustrations. Eighteen respondents had used the Internet to search for information and identified issues involving searching difficulties, low quality, and that it was too complex, insufficient, or unspecific. Those who terminated their pregnancy criticized that there was a lack of information about termination of pregnancy, both from health professionals and online sources, resulting in unanswered questions and unpreparedness.ConclusionIndividuals faced with a prenatal diagnosis of a congenital heart defect need individualized and repeated information. These needs are not all adequately met, as individuals are satisfied with the specialist consultation but left with unanswered questions regarding pregnancy termination. © 2016 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and electrochemical properties of novel redox‐active polymers with anthraquinone moieties by Pd‐catalyzed cyclopolymerization of dienes
Authors: Motokuni Kenya , Häupler Bernard , Burges René , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTRedox‐active polymers enhanced the focus of attention in the field of battery research in recent years. Anthraquinone is one of the most generic redox‐active functional compounds for battery applications, because the quinonide structure undergoes a redox reaction involving two electrons and features stable electrochemical behavior. Although various redox‐active polymers have been developed, the polymer backbone is mostly based on linear alkyl chains [e.g., poly(methacrylate)s, poly(ether)s]. Polymers featuring ring structures in the backbone are limited due to the restricted availability of suitable polymerization techniques [e.g., poly(norbornene)s by ROMP]. The cyclopolymerization of dienes with pendant redox‐active anthraquinone moieties by Pd catalysis represents a novel approach to synthesize redox‐active polymers featuring cyclic structures in the backbone. Electrochemical investigations, in particular cyclic voltammetry, of these new diene monomer, polymers and the corresponding polymer supported carbon paper composites were conducted in different organic electrolytes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2184–2190