bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoregular Poly(Phenyl Glycidyl Ethers): In Situ Formation of a Polyether Stereocomplex from a Racemic Monomer Mixture
Authors: Schüttner Sandra , Lu Yiye , Frey Holger , Coates Geoffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolymer stereocomplex formation represents a promising research area as it can improve thermal and mechanical properties of co‐crystallized polymer strands of opposite chirality. Polymers that form stereocomplexes commonly feature high stereoregularity and usually require sourcing from enantiopure monomer building blocks. Herein, we report the in situ polyether stereocomplex formation from racemic epoxide monomers, i.e., substituted methyl phenyl glycidyl ethers. The bio‐renewable glycidyl ethers were explored in both enantio‐ and isoselective ring‐opening polymerizations (ROPs), resulting in isotactic poly(phenyl glycidyl ether). While the enantioselective ROP selectively resolves a single enantiomeric, isotactic polyether stereoisomer ([mm]P≥78 %), the isoselective ROP leads to the concurrent formation of both isotactic (R)‐ and (S)‐poly(phenyl glycidyl ether) stereoisomers ([mm]P≥92 %) and thus results directly in a stereoisomer blend, which forms a stereocomplex. This is one of only a few polymer stereocomplexes generated directly during polymerization from a racemic monomer mixture. Stereocomplexes of the different poly(phenyl glycidyl ether)s show an increase in melting temperature of up to 76 °C, relative to the enantiopure parent polymers. The position of the methyl group at the phenyl ring determines both stereocomplex formation and the thermal properties of the resulting materials.
Single Exposed Zn (0002) Plane and Sustainable Zn‐Oriented Growth Achieving Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Da , Song Ziyang , Miao Ling , Lv Yaokang , Duan Hui , Li Mingfang , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo prevent dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction, directional epitaxial growth of Zn2+ ions on Zn anode, especially along the lowest‐surface‐energy Zn (0002) plane, is pursued for highly reversible zinc metal batteries (ZMBs). However, designing single Zn (0002) exposed anodes for sustained uniaxial crystalline orientation of Zn electroplating faces challenges. Herein, we propose an anode engineering that utilizes a low lattice mismatch substrate and ordered Zn2+ migration channels to modify Zn anodes with single (0002) surface exposure and sustainable Zn‐oriented growth, yielding highly reversible ZMBs. A vapor‐deposited metal–organic framework Cu3(C6O6)2 film on brass foil shows low lattice mismatch (4.24 %) with electrodeposited Zn anodes, enabling the exposure of a single (0002) plane. Furthermore, the low desolvation energy (−1.36 eV) between solvated Zn2+ ions and the ordered porous Cu3(C6O6)2 film guides sustainable Zn‐oriented nucleation along the Zn (0002) surface. Consequently, the Zn||Zn cells with brass‐Cu3(C6O6)2 substrate shows a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.55 % after 4,000 cycles at 10 mA cm−2. This work provides a new window to design highly reversible Zn metal anode with a single‐exposed Zn (0002) plane and sustainable oriented growth for emerging ZMBs.
Platinum‐Group Metal High‐Entropy Selenides for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Deng Xiaohui , Kusada Kohei , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Toriyama Takaaki , Murakami Yasukazu , Tseng Jo‐Chi , Yamada Hiroki , Sakata Osami , Ashitani Hirotaka , Kawaguchi Shogo , Kubota Yoshiki , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe selenides of platinum‐group metals (PGMs) are emerging as promising catalysts for diverse electrochemical reactions. To date, most studies have focused on single metal or bimetallic systems, whereas the preparation of a high‐entropy (HE) selenide consisting of five or more PGM elements holds the promise to further enhance catalytic performance by introducing abundant active sites with various local coordination environments and electronic structures. Herein, we report for the first time the synthesis of PGM‐based HE‐Selenide (HE‐Se) nanoparticles with a unique amorphous structure. The atomic metal–Se coordination and the presence of short‐range order were thoroughly revealed. It is further shown that the amorphous HE‐Se can be facilely transformed into a single‐phase crystalline HE‐Se with a cubic structure by thermal annealing. Catalytically, the amorphous HE‐Se showed better acidic hydrogen evolution activity over monometallic PGM‐based selenides and the crystalline counterpart, demonstrating the advantages of high‐entropy configuration and amorphous structure. Our findings may pave the way toward the synthesis and property exploration of amorphous PGM‐based selenides with tunable compositions.
High‐Temperature Solid‐State Post‐Synthetic Modification of Highly Luminescent Cu(I) Metallacycles toward New Luminescent Thermic Tracers
Authors: Schlachter Adrien , Xu Chendong , Schiller Jana , Melero Raquel Utrera , Kerneis Sébastien , Calvez Guillaume , Costuas Karine , Scheer Manfred , Lescop Christophe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA new luminescent Cu(I) tetrametallic metallacycle B is reported that features very rare semi‐bridging aqua ligands. When heated markedly above room temperature, this compound undergoes a post‐synthetic transformation in the solid‐state, affording the new luminescent metallacycle C. Thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveal that this alteration preserves the gross tetrametallic macrocycle structure, but is caused by the release of the coordinated water molecules with the concomitant formation of cuprophilic interactions. This transition induces a shift from eye‐perceived green (B) to blue (C) room‐temperature luminescence for these molecular solids. Photophysical measurements and time‐dependent density‐functional theory calculations have been conducted to identify the origins of the emission properties lying in these structurally related assemblies, and suggest that thermally activated delayed fluorescence dominates the radiative relaxation pathways. This study highlights the innovative feature of Cu(I) derivatives, offering access to stimuli‐sensitive materials that can witness, a posteriori, the exceeding of critical temperatures in their environment.
A novel laccase for alkaline medium temperature environments in the textile industry
Authors: Xu Kaifeng , Huo Ying , Tang Shiming , Han Shuangyan , Lin Ying , Zheng Suiping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLaccases are extensively used in the textile industry due to their ability to decolorize dyes, modify fabric surfaces, and bleach textiles. Identifying a laccase with both high thermal stability and alkali tolerance suitable for textile applications presents a significant challenge. A novel alkaline laccase, LacCT, was discovered from Caldalkalibacillus thermarum and successfully expressed it in Escherichia coli. LacCT displayed optimal activity at 65°C and maintained high stability across a pH range of 6.0–10.0, with an optimal pH of 7.5. Through rational design, the thermal stability of the best variant, G190P/Q254Y/G336M/D510F (LacCT‐11), was significantly enhanced, resulting in a half‐life of 63.2 min at 60°C – 1.8 times longer than that of the wild type. This research introduces a promising new laccase with considerable potential for decolorizing textile wastewater and improving the ramie degumming process.
Buffer system improves the removal of host cell protein impurities in monoclonal antibody purification
Authors: Lakatos Dániel , Idler Martina , Stibitzky Selina , Amann Jennifer , Schuschkewitz Jakob , Krayl Dominik , Liebau Judith , Grosch Jan‐Hendrik , Arango Gutierrez Erik , Kluters Simon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolysorbates (PS) are commonly used as stabilizers of biopharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, they are prone to chemical and enzymatic degradation. The latter can be caused by residual host cell proteins (HCPs) in the drug substance. Degradation affects the functionality of the PS surfactant which can lead to formation of particles. An increasing number of publications describe enzymatic PS degradation. Significant efforts have been made to characterize HCP removal during Downstream Processing (DSP) of mAbs and to develop mitigation strategies. Here we describe the use of glycine buffer for acidic elution in Protein A affinity chromatography compared to acetate buffer, which is more commonly used in the biopharmaceutical industry. Increased turbidity was observed during pH re‐adjustment after low pH virus inactivation when using glycine buffer. Analytical data suggests that this turbidity is caused by the formation of precipitates which include HCP and DNA impurities. Additionally, as a zwitterion, glycine does not contribute to conductivity; this further enhances HCP removal during anion‐exchange flow‐through chromatography. Although glycine is well known as a possible elution buffer for Protein A affinity chromatography, its positive impact on HCP removal and PS stability have not yet been described in literature.
Culture system for longitudinal monitoring of bone dynamics ex vivo
Authors: Cramer Esther E.A. , Hermsen Kim C.J. , Kock Linda M. , Ito Keita , Hofmann Sandra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo quantify and visualize both bone formation and resorption within osteochondral explants cultured ex vivo is challenging with the current analysis techniques. An approach that enables monitoring of bone remodeling dynamics is longitudinal microcomputed tomography (µCT), a non‐destructive technique that relies on repeated µCT scanning and subsequent registration of consecutive scans. In this study, a two‐compartment culture system suitable for osteochondral explants that allowed for µCT scanning during ex vivo culture was established. Explants were scanned repeatedly in a fixed orientation, which allowed assessment of bone remodeling due to adequate image registration. Using this method, bone formation was found to be restricted to the outer surfaces when cultured statically. To demonstrate that the culture system could capture differences in bone remodeling, explants were cultured statically and under dynamic compression as loading promotes osteogenesis. No quantitative differences between static and dynamic culture were revealed. Still, only in dynamic conditions, bone formation was visualized on trabecular surfaces located within the inner cores, suggesting enhanced bone formation towards the center of the explants upon mechanical loading. Taken together, the ex vivo culture system in combination with longitudinal µCT scanning and subsequent registration of images demonstrated potential for evaluating bone remodeling within explants.
Changes in the Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes ratio in the gut microbiome in individuals with anorexia nervosa following inpatient treatment: A systematic review and a case series
Authors: Helal Passent , Xia Wangmingyu , Sardar Puspendu , Conway‐Morris Anna , Conway‐Morris Andrew , Pedicord Virginia A. , Serfontein Jaco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveAnorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate among psychiatric illnesses. Current treatments remain ineffective for a large fraction of patients. This may be due to unclear mechanisms behind its development and maintenance. Studies exploring the role of the gut microbiome have revealed inconsistent evidence of dysbiosis. This article aims to investigate changes in the gut microbiome, particularly, mean differences in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, in adolescent and adult individuals with anorexia nervosa following inpatient treatment.MethodsLongitudinal studies investigating gut microbiome composition in inpatient populations of anorexia nervosa before and after treatment were systematically reviewed. Additionally, gut microbiome compositions were characterized in three acute anorexia nervosa inpatients early after admission and after 4–12 weeks of treatment.ResultsReview results indicated an increase in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in individuals with anorexia nervosa after treatment. These however did not match values of their healthy counterparts. In the case‐series samples, the reverse occurred with samples taken 4 weeks after treatment. In the patient who provided an extra sample 12 weeks after treatment, similar results to the studies included in the review were observed. Furthermore, Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio values in the case‐series samples were notably higher in the two patients who had chronic anorexia nervosa.DiscussionDifferences in methodologies, small sample sizes, and insufficient data limited the generalizability of the outcomes of the reviewed studies. Results suggest a potentially unique microbiome signature in individuals with chronic anorexia nervosa, which may explain different outcomes in this group of patients.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of depression among university students
Authors: Wang Xuechao , Li Cuiluan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of depression among university students.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was carried out across randomly selected universities in Shandong Province from October 25, 2023, to November 8, 2023. Demographic information and KAP scores were assessed through the administration of questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.816 and the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of 0.894.ResultsThis study included 2448 university students, with 1489 (60.8%) females. The median scores for KAP were 20 (Interquartile Range (IQR): 17–21), 26 (IQR: 23–28), and 35 (IQR: 32–38), respectively. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that being a junior (odds ratio [OR] = 0.720, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.538–0.965, p = .028), senior or above (OR = 0.474, 95% CI: 0.325–0.691, p < .001), having divorced parents (OR = 0.618, 95% CI: 0.409–0.933, p = .022), having direct relatives with depression (OR = 0.710, 95% CI: 0.589–0.856, p < .001), and lacking intimate friends (OR = 0.344, 95% CI: 0.245–0.484, p < .001) were negatively associated with practice. Only having an attitude score of ≥26 (OR = 5.076, 95% CI: 4.230–6.091, p < .001) was significantly and positively associated with practice.ConclusionUniversity students had insufficient knowledge, positive attitude, and passive practice toward depression. Clinical interventions should focus on enhancing the understanding and management of depression among university students, particularly through targeted educational programs and support groups, to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice and foster a proactive approach to mental health care.
Neuroprotective effects of salvianolic acids combined with Panax notoginseng saponins in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats concerning the neurovascular unit and trophic coupling
Authors: Chen Hongyang , Liu Zhen , Zhao Lei , Jia Zhuangzhuang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe neurovascular unit (NVU) and neurovascular trophic coupling (NVTC) play a key regulatory role in brain injury caused by ischemic stroke. Salvianolic acids (SAL) and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are widely used in China to manage ischemic stroke. Neuroprotective effects of SAL and PNS, either taken alone or in combination, were examined in this research.MethodsWistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups: Sham group (Sham), cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R), I/R with SAL group (SAL), I/R with PNS group (PNS), I/R with SAL combined with PNS (SAL + PNS), and I/R with edaravone group (EDA). Treatment was administered once daily for two days after modeling of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R).ResultsCompared with the I/R group, SAL, PNS, or SAL + PNS treatment reduced infarct size, improved neurological deficit score, reduced Evans blue extravasation, increased expression of CD31 and tight junction proteins (TJs), including zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1), zonula occludens‐2 (ZO‐2), and junctional adhesion molecule‐1 (JAM‐1). Furthermore, SAL, PNS, or SAL + PNS suppressed the activations of microglia and astrocyte and led to the amelioration of neuron and pericyte injury. Treatment also inhibited NVU dissociation of GFAP/PDGFRβ and Collagen IV/GFAP while upregulated the expression level of BDNF/TrkB and BDNF/NeuN.ConclusionsSAL and PNS have significantly remedied structural and functional disorders of NVU and NVTC in I/R injury. These effects were more pronounced when SAL and PNS were combined than when used separately.
Multiomics and single‐cell sequencings reveal the specific biological characteristics of low Ki‐67 triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Han Boyue , Han Xiangchen , Luo Hong , Nasir Javaria , Chen Chao , Shao Zhiming , Ling Hong , Hu Xin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) displays high heterogeneity. The majority of TNBC cases are characterized by high Ki‐67 expression. TNBC with low Ki‐67 expression accounts for only a small fraction of cases and has been relatively less studied.MethodsThis study analyzed a large single‐center multiomics TNBC data set, combined with a single‐cell data set. The clinical, genomic, and metabolic characteristics of patients with low Ki‐67 TNBC were analyzed.ResultsThe clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed in 2217 TNBC patients. Low Ki‐67 TNBC was associated with a higher patient age at diagnosis, a lower proportion of invasive ductal carcinoma, increased alterations in the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR pathway, upregulated lipid metabolism pathways, and enhanced infiltration of M2 macrophages. High Ki‐67 TNBC exhibited a higher prevalence of TP53 gene mutations, elevated nucleotide metabolism, and increased infiltration of M1 macrophages.ConclusionsWe identified specific genomic and metabolic characteristics unique to low Ki‐67 TNBC, which have implications for the development of precision therapies and patient stratification strategies.
p‐Terphenyl and Orsellinic Acid Derivatives from the European Polyporales Terana coerulea and Sparassis brevipes
Authors: Chemutai Sum Winnie , Ebada Sherif S. , Kellner Harald , Stadler Marc 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInvestigation of the secondary metabolites of the solid‐state rice cultures from the European basidiomycetes Terana coerulea and Sparassis brevipes afforded three previously undescribed secondary metabolites identified as two p‐terphenyl derivatives (1 and 2) and one orsellinic acid congener (3) in addition to another known, isoeverninic acid (4). Chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated through comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, coupled with HR‐MS and other spectral methods. The isolated compounds were assessed for their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Compound 1 revealed weak antimicrobial properties, whereas the inseparable mixture of 3 and 4 featured moderate cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects.
Differences in physicochemical properties and structure of red sorghum starch: Effect of germination treatments
Authors: Wu Xiuli , Wang Chunying , Zhang Jianwen , Wu Xuexu , Yan Xiangxuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGermination has been extensively studied, but the changes in different starch components have not yet been entirely elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of germination on the starch composition, physicochemical properties, and structure of red sorghum seeds.FindingsGermination of red sorghum starch led to decreased amylose, water absorption, and syneresis, but increased oil absorption, solubility, and swelling power. The freeze–thaw stability of germinated sorghum starch improved. However, the starch paste exhibited thinning under shear, suggesting its gel structure was susceptible to damage. The starch's peak viscosity and breakdown value increased significantly with the increase in germination time, whereas the setback value decreased. Germination treatment did not alter the chemical structure of the starch, but it increased the porosity and the number of dents on the surface of starch granules. Notably, the in vitro digestibility of the starch increased significantly after germination.ConclusionsThe germination treatment of red sorghum affected the structure and physicochemical properties of the isolated starch to some extent.
Sarcoidosis in a young adult: A rare sequelae of COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Subedi Deepak , Parajuli Binod Raj , Bista Neha , Rauniyar Somee , Banstola Anish , Sharma Ashish , Gurung Monika 
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case illustrates sarcoidosis as a potential complication of COVID‐19, highlighting the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach, including histopathology and prolonged monitoring, to distinguish it from post‐COVID fibrosis. Further research is crucial to elucidate these associations and understand their underlying mechanisms.AbstractSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐ 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA virus, causes COVID‐19 and has been linked to autoimmune disorders. Sarcoidosis is a multi‐system disease that is frequently triggered by infections. It is characterized by non‐necrotizing granulomas in multiple organs. We present a case of sarcoidosis as rare sequelae of COVID‐19. A 26‐year‐old man presented with mild COVID‐19 symptoms, followed by prolonged fever and cough despite initial therapy, prompting a provisional diagnosis of post‐COVID fibrosis. A subsequent assessment at a tertiary hospital revealed dyspnea, weight loss, and abnormal chest imaging, all of which were consistent with pulmonary sarcoidosis with pulmonary tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis. A biopsy taken during bronchoscopy confirmed pulmonary sarcoidosis and treatment with inhalation steroids resulted in symptom relief, which was followed by remission with oral steroid therapy. Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology, characterized by non‐necrotizing granulomas in multiple organs. It may be triggered by infections and involves an abnormal immune response. COVID‐19 can potentially initiate sarcoidosis, with both sharing common immune mechanisms. Diagnosis involves imaging and biopsy, and treatment typically includes glucocorticoids and regular monitoring. This case report emphasizes the potential link between COVID‐19 and autoimmune conditions like sarcoidosis, highlighting the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach and long‐term observation to distinguish between sarcoidosis and post‐COVID fibrosis.
A patient with positive anti‐IFN‐γ autoantibody and monoclonal gammaglobulinemia masquerading as multiple myeloma: Case report and literature review
Authors: An Ran , Liu Zhiyin , Luo Fangxiu , Yan Zeying , Wang Ying , Sun Haimin , Tian Jie , Chen Yu , Chen Yubao 
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical MessageAdult‐onset immunodeficiency (AOID) is an emerging acquired immunodeficiency, characterized by multiple opportunistic infections including non‐tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) due to the presence of anti‐IFN‐γ autoantibody (AIGA). This case highlights the challenges of accurate diagnosis of monoclonal gammaglobulinemia with NTM infection and favorable outcomes of anti‐plasma cell therapy in AOID.AbstractAdult‐onset immunodeficiency (AOID) is an emerging acquired immunodeficiency due to anti‐IFN‐γ autoantibody (AIGA) with low morbidity, frequent disseminated infections, a prolonged course, difficult diagnosis and treatment, and a poor prognosis. Here, we report a patient with positive AIGA and monoclonal gammaglobulinemia who was mimicking symptomatic multiple myeloma and resulting in a non‐tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection. While he achieved an excellent therapeutic effect with anti‐plasma cell therapy, it also serves as a warning that monoclonal gammaglobulinemia with NTM infection is easily misdiagnosed as symptomatic multiple myeloma, and the screening for AIGA should not be ignored in patients with NTM infection.