bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deletion of collapsin response mediator protein 4 results in abnormal layer thickness and elongation of mitral cell apical dendrites in the neonatal olfactory bulb
Authors: Tsutiya Atsuhiro , Watanabe Hikaru , Nakano Yui , Nishihara Masugi , Goshima Yoshio , Ohtani‐Kaneko Ritsuko 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCollapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4), a member of the CRMP family, is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Here, we first compared layer thickness of the olfactory bulb between wild‐type (WT) and CRMP4‐knockout (KO) mice. The mitral cell layer (MCL) was significantly thinner, whereas the external plexiform layer (EPL) was significantly thicker in CRMP4‐KO mice at postnatal day 0 (PD0) compared with WTs. However, differences in layer thickness disappeared by PD14. No apoptotic cells were found in the MCL, and the number of mitral cells (MCs) identified with a specific marker (i.e. Tbx21 antibody) did not change in CRMP4‐KO neonates. However, DiI‐tracing showed that the length of mitral cell apical dendrites was greater in CRMP4‐KO neonates than in WTs. In addition, expression of CRMP4 mRNA in WT mice was most abundant in the MCL at PD0 and decreased afterward. These results suggest that CRMP4 contributes to dendritic elongation. Our in vitro studies showed that deletion or knockdown of CRMP4 resulted in enhanced growth of MAP2‐positive neurites, whereas overexpression of CRMP4 reduced their growth, suggesting a new role for CRMP4 as a suppressor of dendritic elongation. Overall, our data suggest that disruption of CRMP4 produces a temporary alteration in EPL thickness, which is constituted mainly of mitral cell apical dendrites, through the enhanced growth of these dendrites.
Longitudinal relationship of severe periodontitis with cognitive decline in older Japanese
Authors: Iwasaki M. , Yoshihara A. , Kimura Y. , Sato M. , Wada T. , Sakamoto R. , Ishimoto Y. , Fukutomi E. , Chen W. , Imai H. , Fujisawa M. , Okumiya K. , Taylor G. W. , Ansai T. , Miyazaki H. , Matsubayashi K. 
Published: January 2016

Background and ObjectiveEpidemiologic data examining the longitudinal relationship between periodontitis and cognitive status are very limited, especially in Asian populations. The present study examined the longitudinal relationship of periodontitis with cognitive decline in 85 Japanese community‐dwelling individuals (average age: 79.3 years) for whom data were available from comprehensive health examinations conducted in 2010 and 2013.Material and MethodsBased on a baseline full‐mouth periodontal examination, severe periodontitis was defined using a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology definition. Cognitive decline during the 3‐year study period was defined using the results of the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Information on age, gender, education, depression, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, exercise, hypertension, diabetes, history of cardiovascular disease and stroke, and baseline MMSE scores were obtained and tested as potential confounders in the statistical models.ResultsAmong 85 study participants, 21 (24.7%) were defined as having severe periodontitis. Multivariable Poisson regression analyses revealed that severe periodontitis was significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline [adjusted relative risk = 2.2; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.1–4.5]. Furthermore, multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that participants with severe periodontitis had a 1.8‐point greater decrease (95% CI: −3.3 to −0.2) in MMSE score than those without severe periodontitis.ConclusionWithin the limitations related to its small sample size, the findings of the present study suggest that severe periodontitis is significantly associated with future decline in cognitive function among community‐dwelling older Japanese subjects.
On the Marriageability of Men
Authors: Bridges Tristan , Boyd Melody L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe “marriageability of men” is an argument used in sociological research to understand demographic changes in marriage and to analyze social dynamics associated with gender, race, class, family, the workplace, incarceration, and more. While some are marrying later and others are foregoing marriage altogether, a lack of marriageable men is often part of the argument concerning new patterns of family formation in the United States. Research mobilizing the marriageability of men hypothesis spans a great deal of subfields of sociological research, not all in conversation with one another – and not all explicitly making use of the term. This article collects these diverse strands of thought and presents an argument for how and why men are less marriageable, what this means, and why it means different things for different groups of men and women. Racialized and classed conceptions of masculinity create different kinds of struggles for different groups of men and work against their marriageability for different reasons. We discuss the impact of incarceration, new struggles in a service economy, and shifts in women's perceptions and expectations of what qualifies men as “marriageable.”
Getting is Giving: Time Banking as Formalized Generalized Exchange
Authors: Whitham Monica M. , Clarke Hannah 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article applies principles of the social exchange framework of social psychology to the social phenomenon of time banking. A “time bank” is an organization that facilitates the giving and receiving of services among its members by allowing them to provide a service, such as an hour of tutoring, in exchange for a “time credit,” which can then be redeemed for receipt of a service, such as an hour of yard work. Empirical research on time banking has focused on its ability to build community and its place within the sharing economy as a form of “connected consumption.” We build on these lines of thought by examining the practice of time banking as a formalized version of generalized exchange. Generalized exchange is a prosocial type of social exchange in which benefits are repaid indirectly, sometimes referred to as “paying it forward.” We discuss how two of time banking's most commonly cited benefits, building social capital and empowering members, can be better understood through this lens of generalized exchange. We then identify two specific motivational issues that time banks face and use a social exchange perspective to propose a possible solution under a framework we refer to as getting is giving.
Vitamin Supplementation at the Time of Immunization with a Cold-Adapted Influenza Virus Vaccine Corrects Poor Mucosal Antibody Responses in Mice Deficient for Vitamins A and D
Authors: Surman S. L. , Penkert R. R. , Jones B. G. , Sealy R. E. , Hurwitz J. L. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Vitamin A and D deficiencies and insufficiencies are prevalent worldwide in developed and developing countries. Vitamin metabolites are functionally intertwined in that they are high-affinity ligands for related receptors of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The effects of vitamin A deficiencies (VAD) on antibody responses to respiratory virus vaccines have already been demonstrated. Of particular concern was the reduction in IgA, a first line of defense against pathogens in the respiratory tract. Here, we describe the individual and combined effects of vitamin A and D deficiencies in mice immunized with an attenuated influenza virus vaccine. Relative to VAD, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) had a limited effect, but double deficiencies for vitamins A and D (VAD+VDD) further reduced antibody responses in the respiratory tract. The administration of supplemental vitamins A and D to VAD+VDD mice at the time of vaccination restored responses in a dose-dependent manner. Results suggest that vitamin supplementation programs may be beneficial in a clinical setting to promote healthy immune responses to respiratory virus vaccines in vitamin-deficient individuals.
Evaluation of the FilmArray Blood Culture Identification Panel: Results of a Multicenter Controlled Trial
Authors: Salimnia Hossein , Fairfax Marilynn R. , Lephart Paul R. , Schreckenberger Paul , DesJarlais Sharon M. , Johnson J. Kristie , Robinson Gwen , Carroll Karen C. , Greer Amy , Morgan Margie , Chan Raymond , Loeffelholz Michael , Valencia-Shelton Frances , Jenkins Stephen , Schuetz Audrey N. , Daly Judy A. , Barney Trenda , Hemmert Andrew , Kanack Kristen J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and increased medical expense. Rapid diagnosis improves outcomes and reduces costs. The FilmArray blood culture identification panel (BioFire Diagnostics LLC, Salt Lake City, UT), a highly multiplexed PCR assay, can identify 24 etiologic agents of sepsis (8 Gram-positive, 11 Gram-negative, and 5 yeast species) and three antimicrobial resistance genes (
mecA
,
vanA
/
B
, and
bla
KPC
) from positive blood culture bottles. It provides results in about 1 h with 2 min for assay setup. We present the results of an eight-center trial comparing the sensitivity and specificity of the panel with those of the laboratories' standard phenotypic identification techniques, as well as with molecular methods used to distinguish
Acinetobacter baumannii
from other members of the
A. calcoaceticus
-
A. baumannii
complex and to detect antimicrobial resistance genes. Testing included 2,207 positive aerobic blood culture samples, 1,568 clinical and 639 seeded. Samples were tested fresh or were frozen for later testing within 8 h after the bottles were flagged as positive by an automated blood culture system. At least one organism was detected by the panel in 1,382 (88.1%) of the positive clinical specimens. The others contained primarily off-panel organisms. The panel reported multiple organisms in 81 (5.86%) positive clinical specimens. The unresolved blood culture identification sensitivity for all target detections exceeded 96%, except for
Klebsiella oxytoca
(92.2%), which achieved 98.3% sensitivity after resolution of an unavoidable phenotypic error. The sensitivity and specificity for
vanA
/
B
and
bla
KPC
were 100%; those for
mecA
were 98.4 and 98.3%, respectively.
Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis of Respiratory and Household Water Biofilm Isolates of “Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis” with Establishment of a PCR Database
Authors: Iakhiaeva Elena , Howard Susan T. , Brown Elliott Barbara A. , McNulty Steven , Newman Kristopher L. , Falkinham Joseph O. , Williams Myra , Kwait Rebecca , Lande Leah , Vasireddy Ravikiran , Turenne Christine , Wallace Richard J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

“
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
hominissuis
” is an important cause of pulmonary disease. It is acquired from environmental sources, but there is no methodology for large population studies. We evaluated the potential of variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis. Clinical and household biofilm
M. avium
isolates underwent molecular identification. Testing for IS
901
was done to separate
M. avium
subsp.
avium
from
M. avium
subsp.
hominissuis
. VNTR types were defined using VNTR loci, and subtyping was performed using 3′
hsp65
and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Forty-nine VNTR types and eight subtypes of
M. avium
subsp.
hominissuis
(IS
901
negative) were identified among 416 isolates of
M. avium
from 121 patients and 80 biofilm sites. Of those types, 67% were found only among patient isolates, 11% only among household water isolates, and 23% among both. Of 13 VNTR types that included ≥4 patients, the majority (61.5%) represented geographic clustering (same city). Most VNTR types with multiple patients belonged to the same 3′
hsp65
sequence code (sequevar). A total of 44 isolates belonging to four
M. avium
subsp.
hominissuis
VNTR types (8%), including three with the rare Mav-F ITS sequence and 0/8 subspecies, produced amplicons with IS
901
PCR primers. By sequencing, all 44 amplicons were not IS
901
but IS
Mav
6, which was recently observed in Japan but had not been previously described among U.S. isolates. VNTR analysis of
M. avium
subsp.
hominissuis
isolates is easier and faster than pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Seven VNTR loci separated 417 isolates into 49 types. No isolates of
M. avium
subsp.
avium
were identified. The distributions of the VNTR copy numbers, the allelic diversity, and the low prevalence of IS
Mav
6 differed from the findings for respiratory isolates reported from Japan.
Species-Level Identification of Actinomyces Isolates Causing Invasive Infections: Multiyear Comparison of Vitek MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry) to Partial Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene
Authors: Lynch T. , Gregson D. , Church D. L. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Actinomyces
species are uncommon but important causes of invasive infections. The ability of our regional clinical microbiology laboratory to report species-level identification of
Actinomyces
relied on molecular identification by partial sequencing of the 16S ribosomal gene prior to the implementation of the Vitek MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry [MALDI-TOF MS]) system. We compared the use of the Vitek MS to that of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for reliable species-level identification of invasive infections caused by
Actinomyces
spp. because limited data had been published for this important genera. A total of 115 cases of
Actinomyces
spp., either alone or as part of a polymicrobial infection, were diagnosed between 2011 and 2014.
Actinomyces
spp. were considered the principal pathogen in bloodstream infections (
n
= 17, 15%), in skin and soft tissue abscesses (
n
= 25, 22%), and in pulmonary (
n
= 26, 23%), bone (
n
= 27, 23%), intraabdominal (
n
= 16, 14%), and central nervous system (
n
= 4, 3%) infections. Compared to sequencing and identification from the SmartGene Integrated Database Network System (IDNS), Vitek MS identified 47/115 (41%) isolates to the correct species and 10 (9%) isolates to the correct genus. However, the Vitek MS was unable to provide identification for 43 (37%) isolates while 15 (13%) had discordant results. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA sequences demonstrate high diversity in recovered
Actinomyces
spp. and provide additional information to compare/confirm discordant identifications between MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA gene sequences. This study highlights the diversity of clinically relevant
Actinomyces
spp. and provides an important typing comparison. Based on our analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing should be used to rapidly identify
Actinomyces
spp. until MALDI-TOF databases are optimized.
PCR-Based Rapid Identification System Using Bridged Nucleic Acids for Detection of Clarithromycin-Resistant Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare Complex Isolates
Authors: Hirama Takashi , Shiono Ayako , Egashira Hiroshi , Kishi Etsuko , Hagiwara Koichi , Nakamura Hidetoshi , Kanazawa Minoru , Nagata Makoto 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

The nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause miscellaneous disorders in humans, especially in the lungs, which present with a variety of radiological features. To date, knowledge of the pathogenic role of the
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
complex (MAC) in the human lung and the definitive criteria for initiating multidrug therapy are still lacking. However, there is little doubt that clarithromycin is the most efficacious drug among the various treatment regimens for lung NTM. In this study, with the use of a bridged nucleic acid (BNA) probe a detection system based on a real-time PCR (BNA-PCR) for the identification of the point mutations at position 2058 or 2059 in domain V of the 23S rRNA gene responsible for clarithromycin resistance was developed and has been assessed using MAC isolates from clinical samples. Out of 199 respiratory specimens, the drug susceptibility test demonstrated 12 strains resistant to clarithromycin, while the BNA-PCR showed 8 strains carrying the point mutation at position 2058 or 2059 of the 23S rRNA gene. This system revealed that there were mycobacterial strains resistant to clarithromycin which do not carry previously identified resistance genes. This paper documents a novel system for detecting clarithromycin-resistant strains and demonstrates that although these mutations are tacitly assumed to account for >90% of the reported resistant mutants, there is a significant fraction of resistant mutants that do not harbor these mutations. Therefore, unknown mechanisms affecting clarithromycin resistance remain to be elucidated.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Multiplex PCR with Magnetic Resonance Detection versus Empiric or Blood Culture-Directed Therapy for Management of Suspected Candidemia
Authors: Walker Brandon , Powers-Fletcher Margaret V. , Schmidt Robert L. , Hanson Kimberly E. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTCandidabloodstream infections (BSI) are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and increased health care costs. Early treatment is essential, because delayed therapy detrimentally impacts clinical outcomes. The FDA recently approved the first culture-independent direct molecular detection method forCandidaBSIs (T2Candida). The speed and sensitivity of this assay give it the potential to improve patient care, but the reagents and instrumentation are expensive. We used an analytic decision tree model to compare the cost-effectiveness of T2Candida-directed antifungal therapy (T2DT) to that of either empirical therapy (ET) or blood culture-directed therapy (BCDT). The costs included those of T2Candida testing, antifungal treatment, and hospital length of stay. The effectiveness measure was survival status at hospital discharge. T2DT was less costly and more effective than BCDT but was less costly and less effective than ET with an echinocandin (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, $111,084 per additional survivor). One-way sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the cost-effectiveness of T2DT was highly dependent onCandidaBSI prevalence and the cost of antifungal therapy and T2Candida test reagents. The use of T2DT reduced the number of unnecessarily treated patients by 98% relative to that with ET. Reduced drug exposure might lessen the possibility of drug-related adverse events and may also prevent the development of antifungal resistance or emergence of drug-resistantCandidaspecies. The greatest benefit of T2Candida appears to be the ability to confidently withhold or stop empirical antifungal therapy in low-to-moderate-risk patients who are unlikely to benefit from treatment.
Characterization of Antibody Bipolar Bridging Mediated by the Human Cytomegalovirus Fc Receptor gp68
Authors: Ndjamen Blaise , Joshi Devashish S. , Fraser Scott E. , Bjorkman Pamela J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein gp68 functions as an Fc receptor for host IgGs and can form antibody bipolar bridging (ABB) complexes in which gp68 binds the Fc region of an antigen-bound IgG. Here we show that gp68-mediated endocytosis transports ABB complexes into endosomes, after which the complex is routed to lysosomes, presumably for degradation. These results suggest gp68 contributes to evasion of IgG-mediated immune responses by mediating destruction of host IgG and viral antigens.
Cellular Transcriptional Coactivator RanBP10 and Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ICP0 Interact and Synergistically Promote Viral Gene Expression and Replication
Authors: Sato Yuka , Kato Akihisa , Maruzuru Yuhei , Oyama Masaaki , Kozuka-Hata Hiroko , Arii Jun , Kawaguchi Yasushi 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
To investigate the molecular mechanism(s) by which herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) regulatory protein ICP0 promotes viral gene expression and replication, we screened cells overexpressing ICP0 for ICP0-binding host cell proteins. Tandem affinity purification of transiently expressed ICP0 coupled with mass spectrometry-based proteomics technology and subsequent analyses showed that ICP0 interacted with cell protein RanBP10, a known transcriptional coactivator, in HSV-1-infected cells. Knockdown of RanBP10 in infected HEp-2 cells resulted in a phenotype similar to that observed with the ICP0-null mutation, including reduction in viral replication and in the accumulation of viral immediate early (ICP27), early (ICP8), and late (VP16) mRNAs and proteins. In addition, RanBP10 knockdown or the ICP0-null mutation increased the level of histone H3 association with the promoters of these viral genes, which is known to repress transcription. These effects observed in wild-type HSV-1-infected HEp-2 RanBP10 knockdown cells or those observed in ICP0-null mutant virus-infected control HEp-2 cells were remarkably increased in ICP0-null mutant virus-infected HEp-2 RanBP10 knockdown cells. Our results suggested that ICP0 and RanBP10 redundantly and synergistically promoted viral gene expression by regulating chromatin remodeling of the HSV-1 genome for efficient viral replication.

IMPORTANCE
Upon entry of herpesviruses into a cell, viral gene expression is restricted by heterochromatinization of the viral genome. Therefore, HSV-1 has evolved multiple mechanisms to counteract this epigenetic silencing for efficient viral gene expression and replication. HSV-1 ICP0 is one of the viral proteins involved in counteracting epigenetic silencing. Here, we identified RanBP10 as a novel cellular ICP0-binding protein and showed that RanBP10 and ICP0 appeared to act synergistically to promote viral gene expression and replication by modulating viral chromatin remodeling. Our results provide insight into the mechanisms by which HSV-1 regulates viral chromatin remodeling for efficient viral gene expression and replication.
Endorsement of the Consort Statement by Chinese Journals of Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Survey of Journal Editors and Review of Journals— Instructions for Authors
Authors: Ma Bin , Ke Fa-yong , Zheng Er-liang , Yang Zun-xian , Tang Qing-nan , Qi Guo-qing 
Published: January 2016

Background We aimed to assess the endorsement of the Consolidation Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement by Chinese journals of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its incorporation into their editorial processes. Methods PubMed, Embase and major Chinese databases were searched to identify journals of TCM from China for inclusion. The latest ‘instruction for authors’ (IFA) of each included journal was obtained and any text mentioning CONSORT or CONSORT extension papers was extracted. Subsequently, the editor of each of the included journals was surveyed about their journal's endorsement of the CONSORT recommendations and their incorporation into editorial and peer review processes. Results Sixty-three journals of TCM from China were examined. Of these, only three (5%) and one (2%) of the 63 journals mentioned the CONSORT statement and extension papers, respectively, in their IFA. Fifty-four of 63 (86%) of surveyed journals responded, with the majority of respondents being editors. Only 20% (11/54) of the respondents reported that they had any knowledge of the CONSORT statement. Only 6% (3/54) of the editors reported that they required authors to comply with the CONSORT statement or that they incorporated it into their peer review and editorial processes. Conclusions TCM journals in China endorsing the CONSORT statement constituted a small percentage of the total. The majority of editors surveyed were not familiar with the content of the CONSORT statement and extension papers. We strongly recommend that the China Periodicals Association issue a policy to promote the endorsement of the CONSORT statement and conduct relevant training for journal editors in China.