bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social preferences of future physicians
Authors: Li Jing , Dow William H. , Kariv Shachar 
Published: November 2017

Significance
This paper advances scientific understanding of social preference—a topic of longstanding cross-disciplinary interest—by studying the preferences of future physicians. In making treatment decisions, physicians make fundamental tradeoffs between their own (financial) self-interest, patient benefit, and stewardship of social resources. These tradeoffs affect patient health, adoption of new scientific medical technologies, and the equity and efficiency of our health care system. Understanding physicians’ decisions about these tradeoffs requires understanding the social preferences that are behind them. Our main finding that future physicians are substantially less altruistic and more efficiency focused than the average American challenges notions of physician altruism, the fundamental feature of medical professionalism, and has potential implications for policy in a host of health care areas.
Adolescents’ sensitivity in social interactions: an evaluation procedure using film clips / La sensibilidad a las interacciones sociales en adolescentes: un procedimiento de evaluación con escenas cinematográficas
Authors: Sastre Santiago , Artola Teresa , Alvarado Jesús M. 
Published: November 2017

This article presents a procedure designed to evaluate adolescents’ sensitivity in social interactions, an essential component of emotional intelligence, by viewing film clips. The instrument was tested on a sample of 1,536 students in the first and second cycles of secondary education. The construct validity of the measure and its relationship with other variables, by applying factor techniques, discriminant analysis and multiple regression, was evaluated. Regarding the dimensionality, the confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit of the sensitivity scores to a one-dimensional model, χ2(35) = 45.75, p = .11, RMSEA = .02, CFI = .94 and TLI = .92. The discriminant analysis allowed the classification of subjects’ responses into sensitive, ingenuous and over-interpretative responses according to their cognitive maturity (χ2(6) = 91.19, p < .001) and sex (χ2(2) = 11.23, p = .004). The multiple regression analysis showed that sensitivity is related to sex, self-expression in social situations, acceptance by the father and interpersonal intelligence (multiple validity = .46).
Retracted: Analysis of the Strength of Legal Firearms Restrictions for Perpetrators of Domestic Violence and Their Associations With Intimate Partner Homicide
Authors: Zeoli April M , McCourt Alexander , Buggs Shani , Frattaroli Shannon , Lilley David , Webster Daniel W 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this research, we estimate the association of firearm restrictions for domestic violence offenders with intimate partner homicides (IPHs) on the basis of the strength of the policies. We posit that the association of firearm laws with IPHs depends on the following characteristics of the laws: 1) breadth of coverage of high-risk individuals and situations restricted; 2) power to compel firearm surrender or removal from persons prohibited from having firearms; and 3) systems of accountability that prevent those prohibited from doing so from obtaining guns. We conducted a quantitative policy evaluation using annual state-level data from 1980 through 2013 for 45 US states. Based on the results of a series of robust, negative binomial regression models with state fixed effects, domestic violence restraining order firearm-prohibition laws are associated with 10% reductions in IPH. Statistically significant protective associations were evident only when restraining order prohibitions covered dating partners (−11%) and ex parte orders (−12%). Laws prohibiting access to those convicted of nonspecific violent misdemeanors were associated with a 24% reduction in IPH rates; there was no association when prohibitions were limited to domestic violence. Permit-to-purchase laws were associated with 10% reductions in IPHs. These findings should inform policymakers considering laws to maximize protections against IPH.
Integrable Systems in Four Dimensions Associated with Six-Folds in Gr(4, 6)
Authors: Doubrov Boris , Ferapontov Evgeny V , Kruglikov Boris , Novikov Vladimir S 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLet Gr(d, n) be the Grassmannian of d-dimensional linear subspaces of an n-dimensional vector space V. A submanifold X ⊂ Gr(d, n) gives rise to a differential system Σ(X) that governs d-dimensional submanifolds of V whose Gaussian image is contained in X. We investigate a special case of this construction where X is a six-fold in Gr(4, 6). The corresponding system Σ(X) reduces to a pair of first-order PDEs for 2 functions of 4 independent variables. Equations of this type arise in self-dual Ricci-flat geometry. Our main result is a complete description of integrable systems Σ(X). These naturally fall into two subclasses.• Systems of Monge–Ampère type. The corresponding six-folds X are codimension 2 linear sections of the Plücker embedding Gr(4, 6)$ \hookrightarrow \mathbb{P}^{14}$.• General linearly degenerate systems. The corresponding six-folds X are the images of quadratic maps $\mathbb{P}^{6}\dashrightarrow \ $Gr(4, 6) given by a version of the classical construction of Chasles.We prove that integrability is equivalent to the requirement that the characteristic variety of system Σ(X) gives rise to a conformal structure which is self-dual on every solution. In fact, all solutions carry hyper-Hermitian geometry.
Persistent Pain After Caesarean Section and its Association With Maternal Anxiety and Socioeconomic Background
Authors: Daly B. , Young S. , Marla R. , Riddell L. , Junkin R. , Weidenhammer N. , Dolan J. , Kinsella J. , Zhanga R. 
Published: November 2017

(Int J Obstet Anesth 2017;29:57–63)
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) has been widely studied. Its occurrence rate has been found to vary widely depending on the surgical procedure performed. Since cesarean delivery (CD) is considered the most common surgery performed worldwide, understanding CPSP in this patient population is important. In this prospective study from Scotland, the investigators sought to determine the rate of persistent pain after CD in an urban patient population consisting largely of women from a socially deprived background. Secondarily, the relationships between maternal anxiety, socioeconomic status, postnatal depression and acute pain after delivery with persistent pain after surgery were examined.
Exposure to Any Antenatal Corticosteroids and Outcomes in Preterm Infants by Gestational Age: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Travers Colm P. , Clark Reese H. , Spitzer Alan R. , Das Abhik , Garite Thomas J. , Carl Waldemar A. 
Published: November 2017

(BMJ. 2017;356:j1039)
The use of antenatal corticosteroids is recommended for women at risk of preterm delivery beginning at 24 weeks gestation and potentially at 23 weeks gestation. However, there are limited data to support this recommendation at the youngest end of this gestational age range. This prospective cohort study was undertaken, therefore, to investigate the effect of exposure to antenatal corticosteroids on neonatal outcomes as a function of gestational age.
A Role for Adrenergic Receptors in the Uterotonic Effects of Ergometrine in Isolated Human Term Nonlaboring Myometrium
Authors: Fanning R.A. , Sheehan F. , Leyden C. , Duffy N. , Iglesias-Martinez L.F. , Carey M.F. , Campion D.P. , O’Connor J.J. 
Published: November 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2017;124(5):1581–1588)
Ergometrine has long been used as a prophylactic uterotonic agent to reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. However, its exact mechanism of action remains unclear. Previous studies have linked it to the stimulation of adrenoreceptors on the inner layer of the myometrium, resulting in increased basal tone. Thus, in the present study, the authors test the effects of α-adrenoceptor antagonist ligands on the action of ergometrine on isolated human myometrial cells.
The Association Between Intrauterine Balloon Tamponade Duration and Postpartum Hemorrhage Outcomes
Authors: Einerson B.D. , Son M. , Schneider P. , Fields I. , Miller E.S. 
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(3):300.e1–300.e5)
Intrauterine balloon tamponade (IUBT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) when first-line treatments fail, but the optimal duration of IUBT with regard to PPH-related outcomes remains unknown. The authors undertook the present study to determine whether IUBT duration is associated with PPH-related outcomes, hypothesizing an association between a longer duration of IUBT and increased effectiveness in the management of PPH.
Increased Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Among Asian American and Pacific Islander Women in the United States
Authors: Siddiqui M. , Minhaj M. , Mueller A. , Tung A. , Scavone B. , Rana S. , Shahul S. 
Published: November 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2017;124(3):879–886)
Small studies have suggested that there is a difference in obstetric maternal morbidities between Asian American/Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) and Caucasian women, including higher rates of gestational diabetes, peripartum hemorrhage, perineal lacerations, and infections. However, no large nationwide epidemiologic study regarding this issue exists. Therefore, the authors of the present study analyzed data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and compared comorbidities, severe maternal conditions, peripartum complications, and mortality between AAPI and Caucasian women.
Use of MRI in the Diagnosis of Fetal Brain Abnormalities in Utero (MERIDIAN): A Multicenter, Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Griffiths Paul D. , Bradburn Michael , Campbell Michael J. , Cooper Cindy L. , Graham Ruth , Jarvis Deborah , Kilby Mark D. , Mason Gerald , Mooney Cara , Robson Stephen C. , Wailoo Allan 
Published: November 2017

(Lancet. 2017;389:538–546)
Ultrasonography is the predominant mode of antenatal screening for fetal brain abnormalities. It has been suggested that in-utero magnetic resonance imaging (iuMRI) in conjunction with ultrasound examination could further improve diagnosis of these abnormalities. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to enhance the diagnosis of fetal developmental brain abnormalities in utero (MERIDIAN) study was a prospective, cohort study undertaken at multiple centers in the United Kingdom to assess whether using iuMRI improved the accuracy and confidence of diagnoses of fetal brain abnormalities relative to using ultrasound alone. Effects of iuMRI on clinical management as well as women’s acceptance of the MRI examination were also evaluated.
Predictive Accuracy of Serial Transvaginal Cervical Lengths and Quantitative Vaginal Fetal Fibronectin Levels for Spontaneous Preterm Birth Among Nulliparous Women
Authors: Esplin M. Sean , Elovitz Michal A. , Iams Jay D. , Parker Corette B. , Wapner Ronald J. , Grobman William A. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Wing Deborah A. , Haas David M. , Silver Robert M. , Hoffman Matthew K. , Peaceman Alan M. , Caritis Steve N. , Parry Samuel , Wadhwa Pathik , Foroud Tatiana , Mercer Brian M. , Hunter Shannon M. , Saade George R. , Reddy Uma M. 
Published: November 2017

(JAMA. 2017;317(10):1047–1056)
Since preterm delivery is a major cause of infant mortality, high medical costs, and long-term health effects, finding a way to predict such deliveries would be useful. Previous studies have shown mixed results when evaluating the association between cervical length or the existence of fetal fibronectin in cervicovaginal fluid with the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. The current prospective observational cohort study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of universal screening in nulliparous pregnant women that included serial measurements of cervical lengths and quantitative vaginal fetal fibronectin levels for predicting spontaneous premature births.
Development and Validation of Risk Prediction Model for Venous Thromboembolism in Postpartum Women: Multinational Cohort Study
Authors: Abdul Sultan Alyshah , West Joe , Grainge Matthw J. , Riley Richard D. , Tata Laila J. , Stephansson Olof , Fleming Kate M. , Nelson-Piercy Catherine , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: November 2017

(BMJ. 2016;355:i6253)
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in developed countries as the risk is increased significantly during pregnancy with its occurrence at its peak during the postpartum period. Targeted thromboprophylaxis has been used to prevent postpartum VTE with evidence suggesting minimum harm associated with this treatment. However, there is not consensus about which parturients should receive thromboprophylaxis. While its use in high risk patients is not questioned, most women experiencing VTE do not fit into this category, but rather are considered to be low to moderate risk due to factors such as obesity or cesarean delivery. Currently, recommendations for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant women are inconsistent across countries. The aim of this cohort study was to develop and validate a risk prediction model for VTE within the first 6 weeks postpartum on the basis of each woman’s individualized clinical risk profile, and to compare this with the existing guidelines on thromboprophylaxis from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in the United Kingdom and the Swedish guidelines.
The Labor Analgesia Requirements in Nulliparous Women Randomized to Epidural Catheter Placement in a High or Low Intervertebral Space
Authors: Moore A. , Villeneuve V. , Bravim B. , El-Bahrawy A. , El-Mouallem E. , Kaufman I. , Hatzakorzian R. , Li Pi Shan W. 
Published: November 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2017 May 11) [Epub ahead of print]
There is no current evidence to guide the choice of epidural catheter placement level during labor. In fact, placement either at the higher or lower intervertebral spaces is often based only on provider preference. Therefore, the authors of the present study devised a single-blind, randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that epidural catheters placed at a low level require less rescue analgesia than catheters placed at a high level when using patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA).
Does Obesity Complicate Regional Anesthesia and Result in Longer Decision to Delivery Time for Emergency Cesarean Section?
Authors: Väänänen A.J. , Kainu J.P. , Eriksson H. , Lång M. , Tekay A. , Sarvela J. 
Published: November 2017

(Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2017;61(6):609–618)
Maternal obesity is known to increase the risk of anesthesiology and obstetrical complications, for example failed epidural, as well as to prolong the decision-to-incision and/or decision-to-delivery interval (DDI) times. In the present study, the authors evaluated the association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and DDI, the effects of regional anesthesia on decision-to-incision times, and regional anesthesia failure rates during emergency cesarean section (CS).
Prediction of Hypotension During Spinal Anesthesia for Elective Cesarean Section by Altered Heart Rate Variability Induced by Postural Change
Authors: Sakata K. , Yoshimura N. , Tanabe K. , Kito K. , Nagase K. , Iida H. 
Published: November 2017

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2017;29:34–38)
Hypotension is a common problem during cesarean deliveries performed under spinal anesthesia. Identifying patients at risk for spinal-induced hypotension could be useful for the management of anesthesia as maternal hypotension can have deleterious effects on both the mother and child. Previous work has found maternal heart rate variability to be useful in predicting which parturients will develop hypotension during spinal anesthesia. It has also been suggested that changes in maternal heart rate with changes in maternal position could be predictive of patients at risk for developing hypotension. This study was devised to assess whether heart rate variability changes caused by maternal position changes could be a predictor of hypotension during spinal anesthesia.
Choice of Anaesthesia for Category-1 Caesarean Section in Women With Anticipated Difficult Tracheal Intubation: The Use of Decision Analysis
Authors: Krom A.J. , Cohen Y. , Miller J.P. , Ezri T. , Halpern S.H. , Ginosar Y. 
Published: November 2017

(Anaesthesia. 2017;72:156–171)
In cases where a difficult airway is suspected in the setting of an emergency category-1 cesarean delivery, decisions regarding the choice of anesthesia must balance the need to quickly and safely deliver a fetus with concern for the mother’s health. Since such cases are relatively rare and urgent in nature, in this current study a literature review was undertaken to determine how long it took to establish anesthesia and the probability of failure with various anesthetic techniques. Decision analysis was used to assess risk among the different types of anesthesia with the investigators’ hypothesis being that rapid sequence induction of general anesthesia would provide the quickest delivery time for the fetus and acceptable risk for the mother.
The Cricoid Force Necessary to Occlude the Esophageal Entrance: Is There a Gender Difference?
Authors: Zeidan A.M. , Salem M.R. , Bamadhaj M. , Mazoit J.X. , Sadek H. , Houjairy H. , Abdulkhaleq K. , Bamadhaj N. 
Published: November 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2017;124(4):1168–1173)
Cricoid force (CF) is used to occlude the esophageal lumen and prevent regurgitation during surgery. However, excessive CF can deform the cricoid cartilage, oppose the vocal cords, interfere with tracheal tube passage, and result in ineffective gas exchange. Due to differences in cricoid plate size, women may require less CF than is recommended in the literature (at least 44 N). The authors of the present study hypothesized that gender differences exist in the necessary CF application to prevent regurgitation. Using a Glidescope video laryngoscope in anesthetized and paralyzed patients, they assessed the effectiveness of different CFs in occluding the esophageal entrance in men and women.
Preoperative Warming Versus no Preoperative Warming for Maintenance of Normothermia in Women Receiving Intrathecal Morphine for Cesarean Delivery: A Single Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Munday J. , Osborne S. , Yates P. , Sturgess D. , Jones L. , Gosden E. 
Published: November 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2017 May 12)[Epub ahead of print]
Rates of perioperative hypothermia, which has been associated with detrimental physiological effects in nonpregnant women, can be as high as 80%. Therefore, in the present study, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of a 20-min period of perioperative forced air warming on maternal temperature compared to no warming in women receiving intrathecal morphine during elective cesarean delivery.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Intravenous Acetaminophen for Postcesarean Delivery Pain Control
Authors: Altenau B. , Crisp C.C. , Devaiah C.G. , Lambers D.S. 
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217(3):362.e1–362.e6)
Postcesarean delivery pain management regimens are usually multimodal and include the use of regional anesthesia, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, and/or narcotic medications. Although intravenous (IV) acetaminophen has been shown to decrease narcotic consumption in the management of acute pain, there are limited studies on its use in the field of obstetrics for postcesarean delivery pain management. In the present study, the authors hypothesized that IV acetaminophen administration postcesarean delivery would reduce narcotic consumption 48 hours postoperatively.
Use of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and PEGylated Carboxyhemoglobin Bovine in a Jehovah’s Witness With Life-Threatening Anemia Following Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Thenuwara K. , Thomas J. , Ibsen M. , Ituka U. , Choib K. , Nickel E. , Goodheart M.J. 
Published: November 2017

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2017;29:73–80)
This report involved the case of a Jehovah’s Witness patient who would not allow the use of blood products based on religious beliefs and was undergoing a cesarean section which was complicated by the development of postpartum hemorrhage.
Experimental Induction of Physeal Injuries by Fracture, Drill, and Ablation Techniques: Analyses of Immunohistochemical Findings
Authors: Gruber Helen E. , Ashraf Nomaan , Cox Michael D. , Ingram Jane A. , Templin Megan , Wattenbarger John Michael 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Although physeal fractures and physeal bars can result in significant clinical consequences to growth and development of the injured physis, little orthopaedic research has focused upon this topic. Our objective was to extend a previously developed rat model to examine the immunohistochemical features following surgical application of techniques disrupting the physis.

Methods:
Physes were surgically disrupted using fracture (control), epiphyseal scrape (ES), or epiphyseal drill (ED). After 1, 3, 6, 10, or 21 days, animals were euthanized, sites processed for histology and immunohistochemical localization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Factor VIII, Sox-9, PTHrP (parathyroid hormone-related protein) and PTHrP-R (parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor) in resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic physeal zones. Incidence of physeal bars, vertical septa and islands within the metaphysis was quantified. Semiquantitative analysis of immunohistochemistry was performed.

Results:
Physeal bars, vertical septa, and displaced cartilage islands were present each of the surgical treatments. Fisher’s exact test showed a statistically significant increase in the presence of physeal bars (P=0.002) and vertical septa (P=0.012) in the ED group at 10 and 21 days. Analysis of VEGF showed significant differences among the surgical treatments involving the resting zone, and the proliferative zone for days 1, 6, and 21 (P≤0.02) with greater mean scores present in the fracture (control) group, followed by the ED group; the lowest scores were present in the ES group. PTHrP-R immunolocalization showed significant differences among treatments in the hypertrophic zone at days 6 and 21 (P=0.022 and 0.044, respectively).

Conclusions:
On the basis of the type of surgical treatment, results show significant differences in the presence of VEGF (reflecting the vascular bed) in the resting and proliferating zones at days 1, 6, and 21. VEGF localization was less abundant in the ED group (which had more physeal bars), suggesting that lack of vascular ingrowth plays a role in physeal bar formation.

Clinical Relevance:
Basic science data presented here provide insight into the importance of the various regions of the physis and its repair and continued growth after physeal fracture. We suggest that a better understanding of the cellular basis of physeal arrest following physeal fracture may have future relevance for the development of treatments to prevent or correct arrest.