bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An autopsy‐based study of Trypanosoma cruzi persistence in organs of chronic chagasic patients and its relevance for transplantation
Authors: Benvenuti Luiz A. , Roggério Alessandra , Cavalcanti Marta M. , Nishiya Anna S. , Levi José E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundChagas' disease (CD) is caused by infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease can affect the heart and/or the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but around 70% of infected individuals remain asymptomatic in the chronic form. Organ transplantation from T. cruzi‐infected donors is often avoided because of the risk of disease transmission, previously reported after heart, kidney, or liver transplantation.MethodsWe investigated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the persistence of T. cruzi in samples of the heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, adrenal gland, esophagus, and GI tract of 21 chronic chagasic patients.ResultsParasite persistence was detected in 12/21 (57.1%) heart samples, mainly by PCR‐based assays. T. cruzi parasites were detected by histology and immunohistochemistry in smooth muscle cells of the central vein from 1/21 (4.8%) adrenal gland samples. No samples of the lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, esophagus, or GI tract were found to have parasites by histology, immunohistochemistry, or PCR.ConclusionsWe concluded that, aside from the heart, the other solid organs of T. cruzi‐infected donors can be used for transplantation with a lot of caution. Such organs are not safe in the view of previous reports of CD transmission, but seem to present a low T. cruzi load compared to the heart.
Molecular mechanism for muscarinic M1 receptor‐mediated endocytosis of TWIK‐related acid‐sensitive K+ 1 channels in rat adrenal medullary cells
Authors: Matsuoka Hidetada , Inoue Masumi 
Published: September 2017

Key points
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR)‐mediated increase in excitability in rat adrenal medullary cells is at least in part due to inhibition of TWIK (tandem of P domains in a weak inwardly rectifying K+ channel)‐related acid‐sensitive K+ (TASK)1 channels.
In this study we focused on the molecular mechanism of mAChR‐mediated inhibition of TASK1 channels.
Exposure to muscarine resulted in a clathrin‐dependent endocytosis of TASK1 channels following activation of the muscarinic M1 receptor (M1R).
This muscarinic signal for the endocytosis was mediated in sequence by phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC), and then the non‐receptor tyrosine kinase Src with the consequent tyrosine phosphorylation of TASK1.
The present results establish that TASK1 channels are tyrosine phosphorylated and internalized in a clathrin‐dependent manner in response to M1R stimulation and this translocation is at least in part responsible for muscarinic inhibition of TASK1 channels in rat AM cells.
AbstractActivation of muscarinic receptor (mAChR) in rat adrenal medullary (AM) cells induces depolarization through the inhibition of TWIK‐related acid‐sensitive K+ (TASK)1 channels. Here, pharmacological and immunological approaches were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism for this mAChR‐mediated inhibition. TASK1‐like immunoreactive (IR) material was mainly located at the cell periphery in dissociated rat AM cells, and its majority was internalized in response to muscarine. The muscarine‐induced inward current and translocation of TASK1 were suppressed by dynasore, a dynamin inhibitor. The muscarinic translocation was suppressed by MT7, a specific M1 antagonist, and the dose–response curves for muscarinic agonist‐induced translocation were similar to those for the muscarinic inhibition of TASK1 currents. The muscarine‐induced inward current and/or translocation of TASK1 were suppressed by inhibitors for phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC), and/or Src. TASK1 channels in AM cells and PC12 cells were transiently associated with Src and were tyrosine phosphorylated in response to muscarinic stimulation. After internalization, TASK1 channels were quickly dephosphorylated even while they remained in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic TASK1‐like IR material quickly recycled back to the cell periphery after muscarine stimulation for 0.5 min, but not 10 min. We conclude that M1R stimulation results in internalization of TASK1 channels through the PLC–PKC–Src pathway with the consequent phosphorylation of tyrosine and that this M1R‐mediated internalization is at least in part responsible for muscarinic inhibition of TASK1 channels in rat AM cells.
Spectral Depth
Authors: Morton Timothy 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Deep ecology holds that profound inner transformation is a necessary part of entering an ecological age and building a society that includes nonhuman lifeforms in meaningful ways. I am going to argue that this is definitely the case, and that the shock of realizing the truth of the Anthropocene amounts to a first step on a pathway that one might accurately see as ‘spiritual,’ if only for its profundity—though certainly not for any disengagement with the political.
What this transformation amounts to in part is a new way of experiencing ‘selfhood’ or the ‘inner self’ (or whatever we want to call it). This new mode sees existence to contain a necessarily spectral dimension. While it obviously makes reductionist forms of materialism untenable, such a dimension also troubles some of the ideas we might have about spirituality. I seek to show how the spectral is a vital element of being an ecological being, and argue that this spectrality affects how we conceptualize all kinds of other domains, such as ethics, politics and art.
Global Multiscale Evaluation of Satellite Passive Microwave Retrieval of Precipitation during the TRMM and GPM Eras: Effective Resolution and Regional Diagnostics for Future Algorithm Development
Authors: Guilloteau Clément , Foufoula-Georgiou Efi , Kummerow Christian D. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The constellation of spaceborne passive microwave (MW) sensors, coordinated under the framework of the Precipitation Measurement Missions international agreement, continuously produces observations of clouds and precipitation all over the globe. The Goddard profiling algorithm (GPROF) is designed to infer the instantaneous surface precipitation rate from the measured MW radiances. The last version of the algorithm (GPROF-2014)—the product of more than 20 years of algorithmic development, validation, and improvement—is currently used to estimate precipitation rates from the microwave imager GMI on board the GPM core satellite. The previous version of the algorithm (GPROF-2010) was used with the microwave imager TMI on board TRMM. In this paper, TMI-GPROF-2010 estimates and GMI-GPROF-2014 estimates are compared with coincident active measurements from the Precipitation Radar on board TRMM and the Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar on board GPM, considered as reference products. The objective is to assess the improvement of the GPM-era microwave estimates relative to the TRMM-era estimates and diagnose regions where continuous improvement is needed. The assessment is oriented toward estimating the “effective resolution” of the MW estimates, that is, the finest scale at which the retrieval is able to accurately reproduce the spatial variability of precipitation. A wavelet-based multiscale decomposition of the radar and passive microwave precipitation fields is used to formally define and assess the effective resolution. It is found that the GPM-era MW retrieval can resolve finer-scale spatial variability over oceans than the TRMM-era retrieval. Over land, significant challenges exist, and this analysis provides useful diagnostics and a benchmark against which future retrieval algorithm improvement can be assessed.
Clinical Outcomes of Meniscal Allograft Transplantation With or Without Other Procedures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Bum-Sik , Kim Hyun-Jung , Lee Chang-Rack , Bin Seong-Il , Lee Dae-Hee , Kim Na-Jin , Kim Chang-Wan 
Published: September 2017

Background: While additional procedures correcting accompanying pathological conditions can improve the clinical outcomes of meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT), whether those outcomes are comparable or poorer than those of isolated MAT has yet to be clarified. Purpose:  To evaluate whether there is a difference in clinical outcomes between isolated MAT and MAT combined with other procedures (combined MAT). Study Design: Meta-analysis and systematic review. Methods: For the comparison of clinical outcomes between isolated MAT and combined MAT, the authors searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Studies that separately reported the clinical outcomes of isolated MAT and combined MAT were included. Clinical outcomes were evaluated in terms of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and complication, reoperation, survivorship, and failure rates. We conducted a meta-analysis of the PROs that were used in more than 3 studies. Results: A total of 24 studies were included in this study. In the meta-analysis, no significant differences in Lysholm scores (95% CI, –5.92 to 1.55; P = .25), Tegner activity scores (95% CI, –0.54 to 0.22; P = .41), International Knee Documentation Committee subjective scores (95% CI, –5.67 to 3.37; P = .62), and visual analog scale scores (95% CI, –0.15 to 0.94; P = .16) were observed between isolated MAT and combined MAT. For PROs that were not included in the meta-analysis, most studies reported no significant difference between the 2 groups. As for the survivorship and failure rates, studies showed varying outcomes. Four studies reported that additional procedures did not affect MAT failure or survivorship. However, 3 studies reported that ligament surgery, realignment osteotomy, and osteochondral autograft transfer were risk factors of failure. One study reported that the medial MAT group in which high tibial osteotomy was performed showed a higher survival rate than the isolated medial MAT group. Conclusion: Overall, there seems to be no significant difference between the postoperative PROs in terms of isolated MAT and combined MAT. However, more data are required to verify the effects of osteotomy and cartilage procedures on the clinical outcomes of MAT. We could not draw conclusions about the differences in complication, reoperation, survivorship, and failure rates between the 2 groups because we did not obtain sufficient data.
Evaluation of hot water storage strategy in internal combustion engine on different driving cycles using numerical simulations
Authors: Sara Hanna , Chalet David , Cormerais Mickaël , Hetet Jean-François 
Published: September 2017

Since the main interest worldwide of green environment companies is to reduce pollutant emissions, the automotive industry is aiming to improve engine efficiency in order to reduce fuel consumption. Recently, studies have been shifted from upgrading the engine to the auxiliary systems attached to it. Thermal management is one of the successful fields that has shown promise in minimizing fuel consumption and reducing pollutant emissions. Throughout this work, a four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine model was developed on GT-Power. Also, a thermal code has been developed in parallel on GT-Suite, in which the different parts of the coolant and lubricant circuits were modeled and calibrated to have the best agreement with the temperature profile of the two fluids in the system. Once the model was verified, hot coolant storage, a thermal management strategy, was applied to the system to assess the fuel consumption gain. The storage tank was located downstream the thermostat and upstream the radiator with three valves to control the coolant flow. The place was chosen to avoid negative impact on the cold start-up of the engine when the tank is at the ambient temperature. This strategy was applied on different driving cycles such as the NEDC, WLTC, CADC (urban and highway), and an in-house developed driving cycle. The ambient temperature was varied between −7°C to represent the coldest winter and 20°C. The results of this study summarize the ability of the hot coolant storage strategy in reducing the fuel consumption, and show the best driving cycle that needs to be applied on along with the influence of the different ambient temperatures.
A single center retrospective analysis of a protocol for high-dose methotrexate and leucovorin rescue administration
Authors: Cerminara Zak , Duffy Alison , Nishioka Jennifer , Trovato James , Gilmore Steven 
Published: September 2017

Background Methotrexate has a wide dosing range. High-dose methotrexate is a dose of 1000 mg/m2 or greater. In the 1970s, the incidence of mortality associated with High-dose methotrexate ranged from 4.6 to 6%. In 2012, the University of Maryland Medical Center implemented a standardized high-dose methotrexate protocol. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the institution followed recommendations based on the Bleyer nomogram for the administration of high-dose methotrexate more closely after the implementation of the protocol. Methods In this retrospective chart review, 37 patients received 119 cycles of high-dose methotrexate before the protocol implementation (1 January 2009 through 31 December 2010) and 45 patients received 106 cycles of high-dose methotrexate after protocol implementation (1 January 2013 through 31 December 2014). Patient characteristics, protocol data, and complications were analyzed. Results Protocol implementation significantly reduced the deviation of methotrexate level timing at 24, 48, and 72 h: median 7.47 vs. 1.46 h, 7.23 vs. 1.35 h, and 7.00 vs. 1.52 h before and after implementation, respectively (p < 0.0001 for each). The protocol significantly reduced deviation of the first dose of leucovorin administration: median 5.2 vs. 0.675 h before and after implementation, respectively (p<0.0001). After protocol implementation, there was an increase in the use of leucovorin prescriptions written appropriately for patients discharged before methotrexate levels reached a value of ≤0.05 µmol/L. Conclusions Implementation of a protocol for the administration of high-dose methotrexate improved the adherence to consensus recommendations. Further analysis is needed to assess clinical pharmacist involvement and the cost savings implications within this protocol.
The Use of Substances Other Than Nicotine in Electronic Cigarettes Among College Students
Authors: Kenne Deric R , Fischbein Rebecca L , Tan Andy SL , Banks Mark 
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have grown in popularity, especially among youth and young adults. Although e-cigarettes were originally intended to vaporize a liquid mixture containing nicotine, there appears to be an increasing trend in other substance use in e-cigarettes (OSUE). Materials and methods: Cross-sectional data from 1542 undergraduate college student e-cigarette users from a large Midwestern university were collected via online survey to assess prevalence of e-cigarette use, reasons for use, perceived harm, and prevalence and predictors of OSUE. Results: Nearly 7% (6.94%) reported using an e-cigarette to vaporize and inhale a substance other than nicotine. Current tobacco cigarette smokers were significantly more likely to report OSUE (51.0%) as compared with never (33.7%) and former (15.4%) smokers. Among respondents reporting OSUE, the primary reason for e-cigarette use was “safer than cigarettes” (21.7%), followed by “experimentation” (18.9%) and “friends use” (17.0%). Most (77.9%) reported using cannabis or some derivative of cannabis in an e-cigarette. Binomial logistic regression found that women were less likely to report OSUE by a factor of 0.60, former tobacco cigarette smokers as compared with never smokers were more likely to report OSUE by a factor of 1.87, and e-cigarette users who reported using e-cigarettes for “cool or trendy” reasons were more likely to report OSUE by a factor of 2.89. Discussion: Little is known regarding the health effects of cannabis and cannabis derivatives delivered through e-cigarettes. Concern may also be warranted regarding the potential dangers of this young population using substances more dangerous than cannabis in e-cigarettes. Knowledge is limited regarding the public health impact of vaping cannabis or other illicit substances among college student populations. This study stresses the need for continued research regarding the vaping of cannabis and other illicit substances among college students.
Intermediate risk of cardiac events and recurrent stroke after stroke admission in young adults
Authors: Jin Peter , Matos Diaz Ivan , Stein Laura , Thaler Alison , Tuhrim Stanley , Dhamoon Mandip S 
Published: September 2017

Background In older adults with stroke, there is an increased risk of cardiovascular events in the intermediate period, up to one year after stroke. The risk of cardiovascular events in this period in young adults after stroke has not been studied. We hypothesized that in the intermediate risk period, young adults with ischemic stroke have an increased risk of recurrent stroke and a smaller increase of cardiac events. Methods Using the National Readmissions Database during the year 2013, we identified ischemic stroke admissions among those aged 18–45 years using International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes to identify index vascular events and risk factors. Primary outcomes were readmission for cardiac events and stroke. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used to estimate risk of primary outcomes. Results We identified 12,392 young adults with index stroke. The readmission rate due to recurrent stroke was higher than for cardiac events (2913.3.1 vs. 1132.4 per 100,000 index hospitalizations at 90 days). There was a higher cumulative risk of both cardiac events and recurrent stroke in the presence of baseline diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion In a large, nationally representative database, the intermediate risk of recurrent stroke after index stroke in young adults was higher than the risk of cardiac events. The presence of vascular risk factors augmented this risk but did not entirely account for it. The aggressive control of hypercholesterolemia and diabetes may play an important role in secondary prevention in young adults with stroke.
Health-related quality of life among older patients following an emergency department visit and emergency department-to-home coaching intervention: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hall Allyson G , Schumacher Jessica R , Brumback Babette , Harman Jeffrey S , Lutz Barbara J , Hendry Phyllis , Carden Donna 
Published: September 2017

Introduction Many older patients experience repeated emergency department visits and hospitalizations and inadequate links to primary care. This fragmented care can result in anxiety, uncertainty, and poor health outcomes. This study compares the impact of an emergency department-to-home coaching intervention to usual, post-emergency department care on patient-reported health-related quality of life measures: information support, anxiety, and physical function. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial. Seven hundred and forty-nine chronically ill older adults presenting to emergency departments were randomized into Intervention (emergency department-to-home coaching) or Usual Care groups. Participants completed baseline, in-person and follow-up, telephone surveys. Within- and between-group differences in health-related quality of life were assessed using unweighted linear regression and propensity-weighted difference-in-difference analyses. Three Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement System measures were assessed: social health (informational support), mental health (anxiety/emotional distress), and physical health (physical functioning). Results Usual Care participants experienced statistically significant declines in informational support in unweighted (−3.13) and weighted (−2.84) analyses not observed in the Intervention group (−0.91 and −1.45, respectively). Self-reported anxiety was lowest and physical function highest at the time of emergency department visit. Patient-reported anxiety increased and physical function declined statistically significantly in Intervention participants. Conclusion Among older emergency department patients, health-related quality of life was highest at the emergency department visit and declined following the encounter. The emergency department visit per se appears to provide needed information, and in the short term, reassurance about patients’ medical conditions. The coaching intervention blunts the fall in informational support observed after usual, post-emergency department care but may heighten patients’ anxiety and awareness of chronic health conditions.
Coordination among the rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot during walking
Authors: Takabayashi Tomoya , Edama Mutsuaki , Nakamura Emi , Yokoyama Erika , Kanaya Chiaki , Kubo Masayoshi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundExamining coordination between segments is essential for prevention and treatment of injuries. However, traditional methods such as ratio, cross‐correlation technique, and angle‐time plot may not provide a complete understanding of intersegmental coordination. The present study aimed to quantify the coordination among the rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot segments during walking.MethodsTwenty healthy young men walked barefoot on a treadmill. Reflective markers were fixed to their right shank and foot based on the Leardini foot model. Three‐dimensional joint angles were calculated at the distal segment, and were expressed relative to the adjacent proximal segment. The coupling angle representing intersegmental coordination was calculated by using the modified vector coding technique, and categorized into the following four coordination patterns: in‐phase with proximal dominancy, in‐phase with distal dominancy, tanti‐phase with proximal dominancy, and anti‐phase with distal dominancy.ResultsThe results showed that the midfoot was dominantly everted compared with the rearfoot and forefoot during the early stance (i.e., the rearfoot‐midfoot coordination and midfoot‐forefoot coordination were mainly in‐phase with distal and proximal dominancy, respectively).ConclusionThis result may suggest that the midfoot plays a more significant role than the rearfoot and forefoot during early stance. The results of the present study can help in understanding the interaction of the intersegmental foot kinematic time series during walking. The results could be used as data to distinguish the presence of injuries or abnormal inter‐segmental foot motions such as pes planus. Additionally, these data might be used in the future in a comparison with data on foot deformities.