bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enkratēs Phronimos
Authors: Callard Agnes 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:This paper challenges the widespread assumption that the strong-willed person, the enkratēs, cannot have Aristotle’s virtue of practical wisdom (phronēsis). It argues that the attribution of phronēsis to the enkratēs is needed to make sense of (1) Aristotle’s praise of both the rational and the irrational part of the enkratēs’ soul, (2) Aristotle’s conception of the weak-willed person (the akratēs) as ignorant and as lacking the particular premise, (3) Aristotle’s conception of phronēsis in Nicomachean Ethics
Effect of Biochar and Biochar Combined with N-Fertiliser on Soil Organic Carbon Content
Authors: Horák Ján , Šimanský Vladimír 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
An experiment of different application rates of biochar and biochar combined with nitrogen fertiliser was conducted at experimental field on a Haplic Luvisol located in Nitra region of Slovakia during the growing season of spring barley (2014). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar and biochar combined with nitrogen fertilisation on the soil organic carbon (SOC). The treatments consisted of 0, 10 and 20 t/ha of biochar application (B0, B10 and B20) combined with 0, 40 and 80 kg/ha N of nitrogen fertiliser applied (N0, N40 and N80). The results showed that SOC content at the beginning and end of the trial was always higher at the plots amended with biochar as compared to control plots (B0N0, B0N40 and B0N80); however, statistically significant effects were observed only at the beginning of the trial as well as at the end of trial in B20N40 treatments. Overall, the highest values of SOC contents were obtained at the beginning as well as at the end of the trial when 10 and 20 t/ha of biochar was applied together with 40 kg/ha N.
Impacts of distiller’s dried grains with solubles as replacement of soybean meal plus vitamin E supplementation on production, egg quality and blood chemistry of laying hens
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , El-Hack Mohamed E. Abd , Arif Muhammad , El-Hindawy Mohamed M. , Attia Adel I. , Mahrose Khalid M. , Bashir Itrat , Siyal Farman A. , Arain Muhammad A. , Fazlani Sarfraz Ali , Hayat Khawar , Sun Chao , Noreldin Ahmed E. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The present investigation aimed to study the effect of the partial replacement of distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) instead of soybean meal (SBM) with or without vitamin E supplementation in laying hen diet on egg quality criteria, egg analysis, blood chemistry and productive performance traits. A 4×2 factorial design experiment was carried out involving four substitution levels of DDGS (0, 25, 50 and 75%) and two levels of vitamin E (0 and 250 mg /kg diet) through 22-42 weeks of age. No significant differences were noticed between the control and 25 or 50% DDGS substitution in the percentage of eggs produced and egg output. The fewest number of produced eggs and the lightest egg output were observed in 75% DDGS group. Yolk index, shell percentage, and Haugh unit scores were affected (P>0.01) by DDGS levels. Albumin percentage showed increase (P>0.01) in vitamin E treated groups. The impact of the combination of DDGS and vitamin E was significant (P>0.01) on all egg quality traits excepting shell percentage. The 75% DDGS diet gave the highest values of egg nutrients. Vitamin E had a positive effect on egg crude protein, ether extract, and nitrogen free extract which increased by 10.39, 10.28 and 7.85%, respectively. The combination of vitamin E addition and DDGS levels was highly significant (P>0.01) on all egg nutrients. Hens fed the 50% DDGS diet had more concentrations of lipids profile in their blood than those fed control and other DDGS diets. All serum lipid profile inclined to increase due to vitamin E supplementation. The interaction between DDGS and vitamin E had significant (P>0.05 or 0.01) influence on all serum metabolites excepting calcium. It could be concluded that vitamin E could enhance nutrient content of eggs and preserve blood lipids from lipid peroxidation. The interaction between 75% DDGS replaced SBM with 200 mg vitamin E/kg diet accomplished the best results regarding nutrient content of eggs.
Overview of Prebiotics and Probiotics: Focus on Performance, Gut Health and Immunity – A Review
Authors: Adhikari Pratima Acharya , Kim Woo Kyun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDue to the threat and emergence of bacterial resistance against antibiotics, the use of in-feed antibiotics at therapeutic and subtherapeutic levels has been limited. Complete withdrawal of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGP) has led to poor gut health signs in chickens that include conditions like wet litter, intestinal bacteria overgrowth, poor growth performance, malabsorption and various diseases. Two of the most common alternatives to AGP are prebiotics and probiotics. Both prebiotics and probiotics have become the potential feed additives that improve the gut health, immune system and microbiota by various mechanisms of action, and enhance growth performance of chickens. The review discusses the modes of action like antibacterial, competitive exclusion (CE), and immunomodulatory properties of prebiotics and probiotics, particularly in poultry.In ovofeeding of prebiotics and probiotics with promising effect on growth performance and reduction of pathogens likeSalmonellais also discussed in this review. However, it is necessary to conduct more research with prebiotics and probiotics as well as other feed additives to understand the detailed mechanisms of action and identify better alternatives for poultry production and health.
Longevity of Cows Depending on their First Lactation Yield and Herd Production Level
Authors: Sawa Anna , Bogucki Mariusz 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The effect of first lactation yield and herd production level on longevity was studied using data from the SYMLEK database on 12045 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows in 1371 farms from the active population in Pomerania and Kujawy. The cows first calved in 2008 and were used or disposed from the herds by the end of 2015. FREQ, GLM and CORR procedures from the SAS package were used in the statistical calculations. The optimum level of first lactation milk from the viewpoint of longevity varies according to herd production level, which serves as a measure of the quality of rearing conditions. If the living conditions are not adapted to the high milk production of first calvers, there is a possibility that their productive life will be shortened and number of calvings decreased. The percentage of voluntary culling decisions by the breeder, which included the sale for further breeding, low milk yield and old age, averaged 9% and decreased with increasing herd production level from 16% to around 6%. The main reason for culling was infertility (around 40% on average). Culling due to infertility was particularly common among the cows which produced more than 11000 kg milk as first calvers.
The Effect of a Probiotic Containing Enterococcus faecium DSM 7134 on Redox and Biochemical Parameters in Chicken Blood
Authors: Ognik Katarzyna , Krauze Magdalena , Cholewińska Ewelina , Abramowicz Katarzyna 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
It was postulated that administration of a probiotic to chickens can stimulate their antioxidant status while at the same time inhibiting oxidation processes. The objective of the study was to determine whether and how different levels and durations of application of a probiotic preparation containing live cultures of Enterococcus faecium and enriched with cholecalciferol and ascorbic acid influences indicators of lipid status and the redox reaction in the blood of broiler chickens. Four hundred day-old Ross 308 chickens were raised until their 42nd day of age. The animals were assigned to five experimental groups of 80 broilers each: a control group that did not receive the probiotic, T1 groups, which received the probiotic at 0.25 (E-0.25) or 0.1 g/l (E-0.1) throughout the rearing period, and T2 groups, which received the probiotic at the same levels, but during days 1–7, 15–21 and 29–35 of life. The probiotic preparation reduced the level of peroxides (LOH), malondialdehyde (MDA), cholesterol (TC), low density (LDL) cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and the activity of catalase (CAT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), acid phosphatase (AC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), while ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and glutathione (GSH + GSSG) levels were increased in the blood plasma of the chickens. The results obtained indicate that administration of this probiotic to chickens, especially in the amount of 0.25 g/l for the entire rearing period, stimulates synthesis of low-molecular-weight antioxidants responsible for maintaining redox homeostasis, without exerting a negative effect on liver metabolism in chickens.
The Use of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids in Piglet Feeding – A Review
Authors: Hanczakowska Ewa 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The group of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) comprises monocarboxylic fatty acids containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. These are: caproic (C6), caprylic (C8), capric (C10), and lauric (C12) acids. They can be partly absorbed already through the stomach mucosa. Their triacylglycerols (MCT) can be absorbed intact into intestinal epithelial enterocytes and then hydrolysed by microsomal lipases. Thus they are a readily available source of energy, capable of improving the intestinal epithelial mucosal structure. They are also characterised by strong antibacterial activity due to their ability to penetrate the semi-permeable membranes of bacteria and damage their internal structures. Thanks to these properties, they could be a good supplement to weaned piglet feed. They improve piglet performance and can be used as feed antibiotic replacers.
Determining the Galactic Bar Parameters Based on the Hercules and Wolf 630 Stellar Streams
Authors: Bajkova A. T. , Bobylev V. V. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We identified the four most significant features in the UV velocity distribution of solar neighborhood stars: H1, H2 and W1, W2 in the Hercules and Wolf 630 streams, respectively. We set the task of determining a number of characteristics of the central Galactic bar independently by analyzing each of the identified features under the assumption that the Hercules and Wolf 630 streams have a bar-induced dynamical nature. We solve the problem by constructing 2 : 1 resonant orbits in the rotating bar frame for each star in these streams. Our analysis of the resonant orbits found has shown that the bar pattern speed Ωb lies within the range 45–52 km s−1 kpc−1 with a mean of 48.1±1.0 km s−1 kpc−1, while the bar angle θ
b is within the range 35° – 65° with a mean of 50 ± 4°. The results obtained are consistent with the view that the Hercules and Wolf 630 streams could be formed by a single mechanism associated with the fact that a long-term influence of the Galactic bar led to a characteristic bimodal splitting of the UV velocity plane.
Hidden Population of Algols
Authors: Malkov O. , Kovaleva D. , Yungelson L. , Avvakumova E. , Chulkov D. , Dluzhnevskaya O. , Kniazev A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present the results of Monte Carlo simulation aiming to estimate the frequency of semi-detached Algol-type binaries among the stars observed as single. When an account is taken of various detection biases (mostly due to inclination of orbits), the fraction of Algols among the Galactic disk stars appears to be 0.1–0.2%. However, this number should be regarded as a lower limit only, since there are still unaccounted-for selection effects and other types of photometrically unresolved binaries. Hidden binarity appears to be an important phenomenon that should be taken into account when considering stellar statistics and constructing the fundamental relations between stellar parameters.
Observational Data and Orbits of the Asteroids Discovered at the Molėtai Observatory in 2008–2009
Authors: Černis K. , Wlodarczyk I. , Zdanavičius J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present the statistics of the asteroids observed and discovered at the Molėtai Observatory, Lithuania, in 2008–2009 within the project for astrometric observations of the near-Earth objects (NEOs), the main belt asteroids and comets. CCD observations of the asteroids were obtained with the 35/51-cm Maksutov-type meniscus telescope. In the Minor Planet Circulars and the Minor Planet Electronic Circulars (2008–2009), 11 900 astrometric positions of 2522 asteroids were published. Among them 95 were new asteroids, including four belonging to the Trojan group: (352655) 2008QX28, 2008 SE8, (353194) 2009 SM100 and (264068) 2009 SQ148. For the asteroids discovered at Molėtai their precise orbits are calculated. Because of short observational arc, a few asteroids have low-precision orbits and some asteroids are considered lost. For the three Main Belt asteroids with low-precision orbital elements, 2008 QP32, 2008 SD8 and 2008 SG150, we present their ephemerides for 2017. They can be brighter than 20 mag.
Information Acquisition and Disclosure of Environmental Risk
Authors: Sengupta Aditi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Firms often invest resources in acquiring scientific evidence to evaluate the actual (more accurate) risk (i.e., the probability of occurrence) of any potential environmental hazards that might result from their own production processes and use this information in taking optimal preventive measures. In a symmetric duopoly where the acquired information about environmental risk is observed privately by the firms, I show that requiring firms to publicly report this information increases the strategic incentive of firms to invest in information acquisition. However, the net expected environmental damage of an investing firm is lower if there is no public disclosure.
Relation of serum γ-glutamyl transferase activity with copper in an adult population
Authors: Peng You-Fan , Wang Chun-Fang , Pan Guo-Gang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground:The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GGT) activity and serum copper in an adult population.Methods:We analyzed 281 adult subjects who regularly attended the physical examination center at the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities.Results:The demographic and laboratory data of the participants were divided into two groups according to the median of serum γ-GGT activity. Serum copper concentrations in individuals with higher γ-GGT levels were significantly increased compared with those with lower γ-GGT concentrations (9.9±2.41 vs. 11.2±3.36 μmol/L, p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between serum γ-GGT activity and copper in all eligible subjects (r=0.198, p=0.001). Further, serum γ-GGT maintained a positive correlation with serum copper in both males and females (r=0.322, p<0.001; r=0.230, p=0.010). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum γ-GGT maintained a significantly positive correlation with copper after adjusting for multiple potential confounders (b=0.464, p=0.001).Conclusions:This study suggests that serum γ-GGT activity is correlated with copper in the study population, indicating that serum γ-GGT may be a biomarker to evaluate serum copper levels in an adult population.
Multidisciplinary training activities for decreasing preanalytical mistakes in samples from primary care
Authors: Romero Adolfo , Gómez-Salgado Juan , Gómez-Fernández José Antonio , Cobos Andrés , Ruiz-Frutos Carlos 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground:The presence of preanalytical mistakes (PM) in samples from primary care centres (PCC) is a widely studied topic. Different correcting strategies have been proposed, with variable success. We planned a series of multidisciplinary sessions for clinical update, with the aim to decrease PM rates in samples from PCC.Methods:The incidence of PM in samples from PCC processed at the laboratories of University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria (LAB1) and University Hospital Juan Ramon Jimenez (LAB2) was assessed during two time periods (October to November 2013 and January to May 2014). Clinical update sessions were conducted between periods (2014). Differences in PM rates between observation periods were evaluated.Results:With respect to 2014, we observed a significant reduction of PM rates in blood samples processed at LAB1 during 2015, whereas those in LAB2 were slightly increased. The most common PMs were haemolysed sample at LAB1 and missed sample at LAB2.Conclusions:Although the presence of PM remains slightly high, there was a significant reduction after the clinical update sessions in LAB1, where the most frequent PM was haemolysed sample. In contrast, the PM rates were slightly increased at LAB2, and the main source was missed sample. This might be explained, at least in part, by different problems associated with sample transportation, and by the delay in transferring acquired knowledge into clinical practice. Implementation of regular programme of update sessions and improvements in sample transportation might help to reduce the PM presence in our area.
Effect of Foliar Application with Salicylic Acid on Some Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Under Drought Stress
Authors: Khatiby A. , Vazin F. , Hassanzadeh M. , Ahmadi Shadmehri A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Drought is an important factor that could restrict plants growth and productivity through several biological and physiological processes. Salicylic acid (SA) has a key role in many physiological processes of plants and stimulate specific responses against various stresses biotic and abiotic, in some of plants. In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application by salicylic acid (SA) under drought stress on some morphological characteristics sesame, a split-plot experiment with a completely random design with three replications was performed. There were three levels of irrigation: control (normal irrigations), water stress at flowering stage and water stress at seed production stage, as main plot and sub plot consisting of four levels of the foliar application of salicylic acid: 0 (control), 1, 1.5 and 2.25 mM. Results indicated that the effects of water stress on traits, such as plant height, height of first capsule from soil surface, number of branches, number of capsules per plant showed significant difference at a level of 1%, while on the number of seeds per capsule, seed weight, leaf area index, biological yield, grain yield sesame, without significant difference indicated. Foliar application with salicylic acid was not so significant (P< 0.05) at different concentrations on measured traits, as well as interactive effects between drought stress and different amounts of salicylic acid, without significant difference observed.
Biology and Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Insect Pests Biocontrol, A Generic View
Authors: Mahmoud M. F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe development of resistance to synthetic insecticides is one of the driving forces for changes in insect pest management. Governments regulatory bodies are in favour of environmentally safe chemicals with low toxicity, short-term persistence, and limited effects on non-target organisms as predominantly requirements for pesticides registration. Biological control can be considered as a powerful tool and one of the most important alternative control measure providing environmentally safe and sustainable plant protection. The success of biological control will depend on understanding the adaptation and establishment of applied biological control agents in agricultural ecosystems. Microbial pathogens and arthropod biocontrol agents, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been successfully used in agricultural systems. They are highly virulent, killing their hosts quickly and can be cultured easilyin vivoorin vitro.They are safe for non-target vertebrates and for the environment, and production costs have been significantly reduced in recent times as they are mass produced in liquid media. Moreover, no difficulties to apply EPNs as they are easily sprayed using standard equipment and can be combined with almost all chemical control compounds. EPNs are widely used to control economically important insect pests in different farming systems: from fruit orchards, cranberry bogs and turf grass to nurseries and greenhouses. The use of EPNs for biocontrol began only in early 1980s and involved a step-by-step scientific and technical development. Mass production of the nematodes played a key role in the commercially development of insect pests control with nematodes.
The role of film production policy in stimulating a Flemish identity (1964–2002)
Authors: Willems Gertjan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe role of the official film production policy in stimulating a Flemish identity forms the central research question of this study. This research project examines the period that starts in 1964, when a selective and culturally inspired support mechanism for feature films was introduced in Flanders. Subsequently, the support system ran until 2002, when it was structurally renewed. This study makes use of original archival research, policy documents analysis, expert interviews, qualitative press documents analysis, and a quantitative content and qualitative textual analysis of films. The research shows that throughout the course of the second half of the 20
Research on Soft Reduction Amount Distribution to Eliminate Typical Inter-dendritic Crack in Continuous Casting Slab of X70 Pipeline Steel by Numerical Model
Authors: Liu Ke , Wang Chang , Liu Guo-liang , Ding Ning , Sun Qi-song , Tian Zhi-hong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo investigate the formation of one kind of typical inter-dendritic crack around triple point region in continuous casting(CC) slab during the operation of soft reduction, fully coupled 3D thermo-mechanical finite element models was developed, also plant trials were carried out in a domestic continuous casting machine. Three possible types of soft reduction amount distribution (SRAD) in the soft reduction region were analyzed. The relationship between the typical inter-dendritic cracks and soft reduction conditions is presented and demonstrated in production practice. Considering the critical strain of internal crack formation, a critical tolerance for the soft reduction amount distribution and related casing parameters have been proposed for better contribution of soft reduction to the internal quality of slabs. The typical inter-dendritic crack around the triple point region had been eliminated effectively through the application of proposed suggestions for continuous casting of X70 pipeline steel in industrial practice.