bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of the biotic neighbourhood and topographic effects on tree survival in an old‐growth temperate forest
Authors: Zhu Yu , Cai Huiying , Jiang Feng , Jin Guangze 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimsTree mortality can determine forest dynamics and succession, alter nutrient cycling and contribute to tree species co‐existence. Understanding the mechanisms that maintain species diversity is a central goal of community ecology. In this study, we incorporated survival data from a 10‐yr interval census to determine whether there is significant interspecies variation in the effects of biotic neighbourhood variables and whether there is significant spatial variation in the effects of topographic variables on tree survival in a broadleaved‐Korean pine temperate forest.LocationTemperate forest, northeast China.MethodsWe used GLMM and geographically weighted GLM as well as their corresponding test approaches to determine whether there is significant interspecies variation in the effects of biotic neighbourhood variables over variable neighbourhood radii and whether there is significant spatial variation in the effects of topographic variables on tree survival across multiple spatial scales in an old‐growth temperate forest dynamics plot in northeast China.ResultsOur results showed that the effects of neighbourhood variables on tree survival varied among species and effects of topography varied over space. However, the results depended on the neighbourhood radius and spatial scale. The neighbourhood radius affected detection of variation in neighbourhood effects among species, and the spatial scale similarly affected detection of spatial variation in the effects of topography. The effect of conspecific neighbour density on survival varied more widely among species than that of the average phylogenetic dissimilarity of heterospecific neighbours, regardless of the neighbourhood radius. Moreover, the effect of elevation varied more widely over space than those of convexity and hill shade at any quadrat scale.ConclusionsOur findings highlight that future studies should account for variations in the neighbourhood radius among species and/or circumstances as well as the spatial scale when assessing factors that contribute to species co‐existence in long‐lived organisms. Species leaf phenology, shade and drought tolerance and environmental filtering may explain these variations in the effects of neighbourhood and topographic variables on tree survival. Overall, our results indicate that both density dependence and resource niche partitioning are important mechanisms for maintaining biodiversity in this broad‐leaved Korean pine temperate forest.
The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 104
Authors: Bouvier Audrey , Gattacceca Jérôme , Agee Carl , Grossman Jeffrey , Metzler Knut 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMeteoritical Bulletin 104 contains 2279 meteorites including 12 falls (Annama, Cartersville, Creston, Diepenveen, Famenin, Izarzar, Nkayi, Porangaba, San Juan de Ocotán, Trâpeăng Rônoăs, Xinglongquan, Žd’ár nad Sázavou), with 1847 ordinary chondrites, 138 carbonaceous chondrites, 128 HED achondrites, 38 lunar meteorites, 24 ureilites, 22 Martian meteorites, 19 iron meteorites, 17 primitive achondrites, 14 enstatite chondrites, 10 mesosiderites, 9 Rumuruti chondrites, 5 pallasites, 4 ungrouped achondrites, 2 enstatite achondrites, 1 ungrouped chondrite, and 1 Kakangari chondrite, and with 996 from Antarctica, 790 from Africa, 337 from Asia, 111 from South America, 30 from North America, 11 from Oceania, and 4 from Europe. Note: 1 meteorite from Russia was counted as European.
In vivo visualization of the final stages of xylem vessel refilling in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) stems
Authors: Brodersen Craig R. , Knipfer Thorsten , McElrone Andrew J. 
Published: September 2017

Summary

Embolism removal is critical for restoring hydraulic pathways in some plants, as residual gas bubbles should expand when vessels are reconnected to the transpiration stream. Much of our understanding of embolism removal remains theoretical as a consequence of the lack of in vivo images of the process at high magnification.

Here, we used in vivo X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (microCT) to visualize the final stages of xylem refilling in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) paired with scanning electron microscopy.

Before refilling, vessel walls were covered with a surface film, but vessel perforation plate openings and intervessel pits were filled with air. Bubbles were removed from intervessel pits first, followed by bubbles within perforation plates, which hold the last volumes of air which eventually dissolve. Perforation plates were dimorphic, with more steeply angled scalariform plates in narrow diameter vessels, compared with the simple perforation plates in older secondary xylem, which may favor rapid refilling and compartmentalization of embolisms that occur in small vessels, while promoting high hydraulic conductivity in large vessels.

Our study provides direct visual evidence of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the final stages of embolism removal.
Effects of esketamine sedation compared to morphine analgesia on hydrostatic reduction of intussusception: A case‐cohort comparison study
Authors: van de Bunt Jascha A. , Veldhoen Esther S. , Nievelstein Rutger A. J. , Hulsker Caroline C. C. , Schouten Antonius N. J. , van Herwaarden Maud Y. A. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundHydrostatic or pneumatic reduction of intussusception is an invasive procedure that is stressful and may be painful for a child. Resistance of the child may increase the duration of the procedure and decrease success rate of reduction. Analgesia can help to reduce pain, but not necessarily resistance. General anesthesia increases success rate of reduction. However, it requires the presence of an anesthesiologist, and may lead to anesthesia‐related complications. Procedural sedation with esketamine could be a safe alternative.AimThe aim of this study was to compare hydrostatic reduction using morphine analgesia compared to procedural sedation with esketamine in terms of success rate, adverse events, and duration of reduction.MethodsA retrospective case‐cohort comparison study was performed with two groups of patients who had undergone hydrostatic reduction for ileocolic intussusception and received morphine analgesia (n = 37) or esketamine sedation (n = 20). Until July 2013, reduction was performed after intravenously administered morphine. Hereafter, a new protocol for procedural sedation was implemented and reduction was performed after administration of esketamine. Cases were matched for age and duration of symptoms.ResultsNo adverse events requiring intervention other than administration of oxygen were reported for either group. Success rate of reduction using esketamine sedation was 90% vs 70% using morphine analgesia, risk ratio (RR) 1.29, 95% CI[0.93‐1.77]. Recurrence rate using esketamine sedation was 10% vs 15% using morphine analgesia, RR 0.67, 95% CI[0.12‐3.57]. Reduction time was shorter using esketamine sedation (Median 5 minutes, IQR 9 minutes) vs morphine analgesia (Median 8 minutes, IQR 16 minutes, P = .04, Median difference 3, 95% CI[−1.50‐8.75]). Median hospital stay in the esketamine group was 1.5 days (IQR 1.8) vs 2 days (IQR 5.3) in the morphine group.ConclusionNo serious adverse events were recorded. In comparison to morphine analgesia, with esketamine there was weak evidence for a higher success rate, lower recurrence rate, shorter duration, and shorter length of hospital stay.
Median effective dose of intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation for transthoracic echocardiography in pediatric patients with noncyanotic congenital heart disease: An up‐and‐down sequential allocation trial
Authors: Yu Qing , Liu Yang , Sun Mang , Zhang Jing , Zhao Yan , Liu Fengzhi , Li Shangyingying , Tu Shengfen 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundIntranasal dexmedetomidine can provide adequate sedation during short procedures. However, previous literature investigating the single‐dose use of intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation during transthoracic echocardiography in younger children is scarce, and the effects of age on sedation with intranasal dexmedetomidine remain controversial.ObjectiveThis study was to determine the 50% effective dose and estimate the 95% effective dose of single‐dose intranasal dexmedetomidine to induce sedation in pediatric patients with noncyanotic congenital heart disease, and also determine the effect of age on the dose required for sedation.MethodsPatients were stratified into three age groups of 1‐6 months, 7‐12 months, and 13‐36 months. Intranasal dexmedetomidine started at a dose of 2 μg kg−1 on the first patient. The dose of dexmedetomidine for each subsequent patient was determined by the previous patient's response using Dixon's up‐and‐down method with an interval of 0.25 μg kg−1. Sedation scale and recovery were assessed by the Modified Observer Assessment of Alertness and Sedation Scale and Modified Aldrete Recovery Score. The 50% effective dose was determined by Dixon's up‐and‐down method. In addition, both 50% effective dose and 95% effective dose were obtained using a probit regression approach. Other variables included sedation onset time, echocardiography time, wake‐up time, discharge time, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and adverse events such as vomiting, regurgitation, and apnea.ResultsThe study population was comprised of 70 patients. The 50% effective dose (95% confidence interval) and the 95% effective dose (95% confidence interval) of intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation were 1.8 (1.58‐2.00) μg kg−1 and 2.2 (1.92‐5.62) μg kg−1 in patients aged 1‐6 months, 1.8 (1.61‐1.95) μg kg−1 and 2.1 (1.90‐2.85) μg kg−1 in patients aged 7‐12 months, 2.2 (1.92‐2.37) μg kg−1 and 2.7 (2.34‐6.88) μg kg−1 in patients aged 13‐36 months, respectively. The 50% effective dose in age group 13‐36 months was higher than those of age group 1‐6 months (P = .042) and 7‐12 months (P = .043). There were no differences in sedation onset time, echocardiography time, wake‐up time, and discharge time between groups. None of the patients experienced oxyhemoglobin desaturation, hypotension, or bradycardia during the procedure. No significant adverse events occurred.ConclusionSingle‐dose of intranasal dexmedetomidine was an effective agent for patients under the age of 3 years requiring sedation for transthoracic echocardiography. The 50% effective dose of intranasal dexmedetomidine for transthoracic echocardiography sedation in children aged 13‐36 months was higher than in children <13 months.
Effect of availability of video laryngoscopy on the use of fiberoptic intubation in school‐aged children with microtia
Authors: Kondo Ichiro , Kobayashi Hidetsugu , Suga Yoshihumi , Suzuki Akihiro , Kiyama Shuya , Uezono Shoichi 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundWith the increasing popularity of video laryngoscopy during intubation of pediatric patients with normal or difficult airways, fiberoptic‐assisted tracheal intubation, traditionally considered the gold standard for difficult intubation, may become underused.AimWe aimed to assess the use of airway management techniques before and after introduction of video laryngoscopy in a cohort of school‐aged children with microtia, who are at increased risk of difficult intubation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed intubation devices used for all pediatric patients with microtia who had undergone reconstructive ear surgery at a single institution during the period January 2008 to December 2012. In each case, we identified the original airway management technique and success rate, as well as success rate for subsequent rescue techniques. The use of fiberoptic‐assisted tracheal intubation was compared before and after introduction of a pediatric blade for the Pentax‐AWS video laryngoscope.ResultsThis study included 537 consecutive intubation procedures; 264 before and 273 after introduction of the pediatric airway scope. Elective use of fiberoptic‐assisted tracheal intubation for anticipated difficult intubation was significantly less after introduction of the pediatric airway scope (before: 19 of 79, 24% vs after: 3 of 79, 4%; odds ratio 8.02; 95% confidence interval, 2.27 to 28.39; P = .0003), which achieved a 100% success rate when used as the primary technique in both routine and difficult airways. All 5 cases of failed direct laryngoscopy were rescued by the pediatric airway scope, thus eliminating emergency use of fiberscopy.ConclusionIntroduction of a pediatric video laryngoscope resulted in a substantial decrease in the use of fiberoptic‐assisted tracheal intubation. This change in intubation method might not influence the success rate of intubation in experienced hands but could be relevant for novice users.
Metabolite and transcript markers for the prediction of potato drought tolerance
Authors: Sprenger Heike , Erban Alexander , Seddig Sylvia , Rudack Katharina , Thalhammer Anja , Le Mai Q. , Walther Dirk , Zuther Ellen , Köhl Karin I. , Kopka Joachim , Hincha Dirk K. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide. Current potato varieties are highly susceptible to drought stress. In view of global climate change, selection of cultivars with improved drought tolerance and high yield potential is of paramount importance. Drought tolerance breeding of potato is currently based on direct selection according to yield and phenotypic traits and requires multiple trials under drought conditions. Marker‐assisted selection (MAS) is cheaper, faster and reduces classification errors caused by noncontrolled environmental effects. We analysed 31 potato cultivars grown under optimal and reduced water supply in six independent field trials. Drought tolerance was determined as tuber starch yield. Leaf samples from young plants were screened for preselected transcript and nontargeted metabolite abundance using qRT‐PCR and GC‐MS profiling, respectively. Transcript marker candidates were selected from a published RNA‐Seq data set. A Random Forest machine learning approach extracted metabolite and transcript markers for drought tolerance prediction with low error rates of 6% and 9%, respectively. Moreover, by combining transcript and metabolite markers, the prediction error was reduced to 4.3%. Feature selection from Random Forest models allowed model minimization, yielding a minimal combination of only 20 metabolite and transcript markers that were successfully tested for their reproducibility in 16 independent agronomic field trials. We demonstrate that a minimum combination of transcript and metabolite markers sampled at early cultivation stages predicts potato yield stability under drought largely independent of seasonal and regional agronomic conditions.
Risk factors for the development of antibody‐mediated rejection in highly sensitized pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Kim Irene K. , Choi Jua , Vo Ashley , Kang Alexis , Steggerda Justin , Louie Sabrina , Haas Mark , Mirocha James , Cohen J. Louis , Pizzo Helen , Kamil Elaine S. , Jordan Stanley C. , Puliyanda Dechu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractABMR remains a significant concern for early graft loss, especially for those who are HS against HLA antigens. We sought to determine the risk factors leading to ABMR in HS pediatric kidney transplant recipients. From January 2009 to December 2015, 16 HS pediatric kidney transplant patients at our center (age range 2‐21) were retrospectively reviewed for outcomes and risk factors for ABMR. All HS patients received desensitization with high‐dose IVIG/rituximab prior to transplant. Two groups were examined: ABMR+ (n = 7) and ABMR− (n = 9). Patient survival was 100%; however, one patient in the ABMR+ group suffered graft loss from ABMR 16 months post‐transplant. ABMR+ patients had higher Class I PRA at the time of transplant (Class I: 73.1 ± 19.1 vs 49.1 ± 28.3, P = .075), although not statistically significant. ABMR+ patients were more likely to have a history of transplant nephrectomy (P = .013). The characteristic that most strongly correlated with ABMR was the DSA‐RIS (P = .045), a scoring system used to quantify cumulative intensity of all DSA. In conclusion, DSA, as quantified by the RIS at the time of transplant, should be considered as part of the initial allocation strategy and patients with high RIS monitored closely for ABMR post‐transplant.
Induction of haem oxygenase‐1 increases infection of dog macrophages by L. infantum
Authors: Almeida B. F. M. , Silva K. L. O. , Venturin G. L. , Chiku V. M. , Leal A. A. C. , Bosco A. M. , Ciarlini P. C. , Lima V. M. F. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWe aimed to induce and inhibit HO‐1, ascertaining its effect on infection rate, parasite load and the levels of superoxide, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), TNF‐alpha and IL‐10 in cultured macrophages from healthy dogs infected by Leishmania infantum. Macrophages obtained from 15 healthy dogs were cultured alone or infected with L. infantum, with or without association of HO‐1 inducer and inhibitor. The infection rate and the parasite load were determined by the number of infected macrophages and number of promastigotes per macrophage, respectively. HO‐1 levels and gene expression, as well as IL‐10 and TNF‐alpha levels were also measured in these cultures. Superoxide, ROS and NO levels in macrophages were measured through flow cytometry. Induction of HO‐1 increased the infection rate and parasite load, while its inhibition decreased the infection rate and IL‐10 production. There was a positive correlation between HO‐1 and infection rate or parasite load. Increased infection rate was associated with decreased superoxide, ROS and NO levels. Induction of HO‐1 metabolism in dogs infected by L. infantum is possibly one of the mechanisms responsible for increasing the infection of macrophages, mainly through reduction in the oxidative and nitrosative metabolisms of these cells.
The Promise and Perils of Reorganization
Authors: Nickels Ashley E. 
Published: September 2017

Related Content: Balfour (PAR November/December 2017)Related Content: Zeemering (PAR November/December 2017)Related Content: Hamilton (PAR November/December 2017)Related Content: Ali (PAR November/December 2017)Related Content: Schachter (PAR November/December 2017)Related Content: Holzer (PAR November/December 2017)
Attraction and repulsion of mobile wild organisms to finfish and shellfish aquaculture: a review
Authors: Callier Myriam D. , Byron Carrie J. , Bengtson David A. , Cranford Peter J. , Cross Stephen F. , Focken Ulfert , Jansen Henrice M. , Kamermans Pauline , Kiessling Anders , Landry Thomas , O'Beirn Francis , Petersson Erik , Rheault Robert B. , Strand Øivind , Sundell Kristina , Svåsand Terje , Wikfors Gary H. , McKindsey Christopher W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractKnowledge of aquaculture–environment interactions is essential for the development of a sustainable aquaculture industry and efficient marine spatial planning. The effects of fish and shellfish farming on sessile wild populations, particularly infauna, have been studied intensively. Mobile fauna, including crustaceans, fish, birds and marine mammals, also interact with aquaculture operations, but the interactions are more complex and these animals may be attracted to (attraction) or show an aversion to (repulsion) farm operations with various degrees of effects. This review outlines the main mechanisms and effects of attraction and repulsion of wild animals to/from marine finfish cage and bivalve aquaculture, with a focus on effects on fisheries‐related species. Effects considered in this review include those related to the provision of physical structure (farm infrastructure acting as fish aggregating devices (FADs) or artificial reefs (ARs), the provision of food (e.g. farmed animals, waste feed and faeces, fouling organisms associated with farm structures) and some farm activities (e.g. boating, cleaning). The reviews show that the distribution of mobile organisms associated with farming structures varies over various spatial (vertical and horizontal) and temporal scales (season, feeding time, day/night period). Attraction/repulsion mechanisms have a variety of direct and indirect effects on wild organisms at the level of individuals and populations and may have implication for the management of fisheries species and the ecosystem in the context of marine spatial planning. This review revealed considerable uncertainties regarding the long‐term and ecosystem‐wide consequences of these interactions. The use of modelling may help better understand consequences, but long‐term studies are necessary to better elucidate effects.
Fifty‐one cases of fungal arteritis after kidney transplantation: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Tang Maozhi , Xu Xiaosong , Shen Bingbing , Zhang Jun , Li Peng , Pan Qianguang , Mei Mei , Xie Pan , Liu Hong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFungal arteritis affecting graft arteries is a rare but life‐threatening complication in kidney transplantation (KT). Here, we report the case of a patient with Aspergillus arteritis who experienced renal artery rupture 8 days after KT. We also reviewed 50 other reported cases of fungal arteritis after KT. We found that fungal contamination can occur during kidney graft harvest, preservation, and/or transplantation. Typically, early diagnosis, timely antifungal treatment, and emergency surgery seem crucial for avoiding life‐threatening vascular complications.
DNA Priming Increases Frequency of T-Cell Responses to a Vesicular Stomatitis Virus HIV Vaccine with Specific Enhancement of CD8
+
T-Cell Responses by Interleukin-12 Plasmid DNA
Authors: Li Shuying S. , Kochar Nidhi K. , Elizaga Marnie , Hay Christine M. , Wilson Gregory J. , Cohen Kristen W. , De Rosa Stephen C. , Xu Rong , Ota-Setlik Ayuko , Morris Daryl , Finak Greg , Allen Mary , Tieu Hong-Van , Frank Ian , Sobieszczyk Magdalena E. , Hannaman Drew , Gottardo Raphael , Gilbert Peter B. , Tomaras Georgia D. , Corey Lawrence , Clarke David K. , Egan Michael A. , Eldridge John H. , McElrath M. Juliana , Frahm Nicole ,   NIAID HIV Vaccine Trials Network
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

The HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) 087 vaccine trial assessed the effect of increasing doses of pIL-12 (interleukin-12 delivered as plasmid DNA) adjuvant on the immunogenicity of an HIV-1 multiantigen (MAG) DNA vaccine delivered by electroporation and boosted with a vaccine comprising an attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus expressing HIV-1 Gag (VSV-Gag). We randomized 100 healthy adults to receive placebo or 3 mg HIV-MAG DNA vaccine (ProfectusVax HIV-1
gag
/
pol
or ProfectusVax
nef
/
tat
/
vif
,
env
) coadministered with pIL-12 at 0, 250, 1,000, or 1,500 μg intramuscularly by electroporation at 0, 1, and 3 months followed by intramuscular inoculation with 3.4 × 10
7
PFU VSV-Gag vaccine at 6 months. Immune responses were assessed after the prime and boost and 6 months after the last vaccination. High-dose pIL-12 increased the magnitude of CD8
+
T-cell responses postboost compared to no pIL-12 (
P
= 0.02), while CD4
+
T-cell responses after the prime were higher in the absence of pIL-12 than with low- and medium-dose pIL-12 (
P
≤ 0.05). The VSV boost increased Gag-specific CD4
+
and CD8
+
T-cell responses in all groups (
P
< 0.001 for CD4
+
T cells), inducing a median of four Gag epitopes in responders. Six to 9 months after the boost, responses decreased in magnitude, but CD8
+
T-cell response rates were maintained. The addition of a DNA prime dramatically improved responses to the VSV vaccine tested previously in the HVTN 090 trial, leading to broad epitope targeting and maintained CD8
+
T-cell response rates at early memory. The addition of high-dose pIL-12 given with a DNA prime by electroporation and boosted with VSV-Gag increased the CD8
+
T-cell responses but decreased the CD4
+
responses. This approach may be advantageous in reshaping the T-cell responses to a variety of chronic infections or tumors. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01578889.)