bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Formaldehyde Levels in Indoor Air of Gross Anatomy Laboratory
Authors: Shetty Vinay Kumar Veeranna , Singla Sathvik , Sangeetha D. M. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Medical students spend majority of their times in Anatomy lab during their first year MBBS. Formalin has attracted attention as a health hazard for students and instructors as formalin concentrations in air of gross anatomy laboratories are often higher than permissible limits. Despite the known toxicity of formaldehyde and its potential health effects, laboratory workers and others have little enthusiasm for reducing or replacing the formaldehyde working solution

Materials and Methods:
The FA concentration (in ppm) of indoor air in Anatomy laboratory was measured using a SMILEDRIVE Portable air quality pollution meter. The mean FA concentration was measured after 1 hour after the cadavers were shifted to dissection table at three different levels a. At the level of floor b. At the level of roof c. 2 feets above the table (Breathing Zone of medical students) Three air samples from the breathing zones were tested and mean concentration of FA was taken with exhaust fan on at the level of roof and recorded as a. S1R- First immediately before the dissection (Zero hour), b. S2R- Second sample was collected after one hour after first sample was taken (First hour) and c. S3R- Third sample after two hours after first sample was taken (Second hour). Three air samples from the breathing zones were tested and mean concentration of FA was taken with exhaust fan on at the level of floor and recorded as a. S1F- First immediately before the dissection (Zero hour), b. S2F- Second sample was collected after one hour after first sample was taken (First hour) and c. S3F- Third sample after two hours after first sample was taken (Second hour).

Results:
The vertical distribution of FA was measured by taking the mean air samples at the level of floor, at roof level and about 2 feet above dissection table immediately after the cadavers were shifted to tables. It was found to be about 0.54ppm at the level of floor, 0.52 at the breathing zone and 0.51 ppm at roof level. The FA concentration was highest at the level of floor and least at the level of roof. On comparing S2F and S2R the p value was 1.335. Thus, it was not statistically significant. On comparing S3F and S3R the p value was 0.411. Thus, it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The mean FA at the level of floor was 0.54 ppm. At the breathing zone the mean FA concentration was 0.51 ppm before the dissection was started. Exhaust fans at the level of roof were switched on and the second sample was taken after 1 hour. The FA concentration was 0.23 ppm. Third sample was taken at 2nd hour and FA concentration was 0.11 ppm. The exhaust fans at the level of floor were switched on. The air samples were measured at 0, 1st and 2nd hour at breathing zones. It was 0.51, 0.31 and 0,15 ppm respectively.
The Relationship between Basal Ganglia Volume and Audiovisual Reaction Time in Turkish Elite Athletes
Authors: Karabekir Selim , Aksu Funda , Gunay Erkan , Karabekir Nuket Gocmen 
Published: September 2024

Background:
In this study involving young adult elite athletes and healthy sedentary individuals, volumetric analyses were performed on basal ganglia (BG) involved in the coordination of motor movements.

Aims and Objectives:
In a group of athletes with high coordination speed, potential relationship between BG volumes and audiovisual reaction time of acquired-trained hand movements was explored by examining whether these individuals had significant differences in terms of BG volumes.

Materials and Methods:
Nineteen elite athletes aged between 19 and 25 years (9 male and 10 female) and 20 sedentary subjects (10 male, 10 female) were included. Gender, age, height, weight, and body-mass index (BMI) were recorded. In each group, audiovisual reaction time and stereological basal ganglia volumes were assessed and statistically analyzed.

Results:
Elite athletes react more rapidly to auditory stimuli than visual stimuli. As compared to sedentary individuals, elite athletes exhibited significantly shorter visual reaction time and only numerically shorter (statistically insignificant) visual reaction time. Left BG volume was higher in both groups, compared to right side).

Conclusion:
Our data may contribute to the construction of a database of normal BG morphology and provide useful information for clinicians and athletes.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Curcumin on Liver Injury in Streptozocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ozkaptan Bilge Bal , Sagir Dilek , Aksoy Fatma 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronically elevated blood sugar levels associated with disruption of the inflammatory and oxidative state and dyslipidemia. Curcumin is a highly pleiotropic molecule with hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin on the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-two adult male rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into four groups: Control (C), Diabetes (D), Curcumin (CUR), and Diabetes + Curcumin (D + CUR) (n = 8). The groups given curcumin were given 60 mg/kg curcumin by gavage once a day during the 14-day study period. At the end of the experiment, biochemical, stereological, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on blood and liver samples taken from rats sacrificed.

Results:
After curcumin treatment in diabetic rats, there was a significant decrease in blood glucose levels, hepatic markers, and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.01). Furthermore, a significant increase in enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was observed after treatment (P < 0.01). It was determined that curcumin decreased the apoptotic index and the number of dual-nucleated hepatocytes in the liver, and provided support for liver regeneration (P < 0.01).

Discussion and Conclusion:
Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that curcumin has the potential to protect against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in liver cells, and also induces regeneration in damaged liver.
A Case Series of Atypical Neuroimaging Phenotypes in Wilson’s Disease
Authors: Narayan Ashok , Hosur Bharat , Kanti Chintamani , Bose Ponnu , Bajpai Amit , Chander Ashima , Sahdev Ravinder , Dhagat Peeyush K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Wilson’s disease (WD) is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism that leads to excessive copper deposition, predominantly involving the hepatic and neural parenchyma. The clinical presentation may vary from being completely asymptomatic to hepatic cirrhosis with or without frank extrapyramidal symptoms. Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and follow-up among these patients. The myriad neuroimaging features in WD depend on the chronicity of the disease and are also associated with the extent of hepatolenticular degeneration. Here, we present various atypical imaging phenotypes encountered in a cohort of 13 patients with the expected clinical presentation. All of them are proven cases of WD either based on genetic/ceruloplasmin levels. Asymmetry of the bilateral hyperintensities, involvement of the parahippocampal gyri, lingual gyri, insular necrosis, preferential affliction of the thalamus, and brainstem sparing the neostriatum were some of the observed atypical neuroimaging phenotypes which are hitherto undescribed to the best of our knowledge. Timely recognition of the atypical imaging findings and apt clinical correlation results in effective and early management decisions.
A Comparative Study of the Effect Coffee and Tea on Some Parameters in the Rats Blood
Authors: Al-Mansury Sadiq , Hadi Suhad J. , Naji Hawraa H. , Jassim Adnan M. , Abbas Shatha M. , Hindi Nada Khazal K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Tea and coffee have been consumed since decade ago and became a significant part of social life and cultural traditions.

Objective:
The study aims to evaluate the effects of coffee and black tea extract on some blood factors in adult albino rats.

Materials and Methods:
Eighteen adult male albino rats, classified into three groups of six: group 1 (control) received orally drinking water only, group 2 (tea) received orally extract tea, group 3 (coffee) treated orally with coffee. Coffee and tea extracts were prepared daily at a dose of 30 g/L and provided at all times to the rats for 30 day as drinking water. Iron and ferritin levels, cholesterol concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities as well as the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were compared among these groups.

Results:
This study inferred, there was a significant decrease the amount of iron in the blood as well as the ferritin. Also consumption of coffee or tea lowers LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol and enhanced antioxidant activity by SOD and GPx enzymes more than control group. Furthermore, increased these levels in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in treated rats with tea and coffee extract more than their levels in the control group.

Conclusion:
The extracts of tea and coffee lowered the iron and ferritin concentration, have remarkable antioxidant activity, and increased the levels in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in the rat blood.
Association of Testosterone Level and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Diabetic Patients in Babylon, Iraq
Authors: Hussein Ali Amer , Al-Mammori Raheem T. O. , Hassan Fuad Ghazi , Al-Khafaje Mohamed Ejresh , Al Saeedi Kawther R. H. , Al-Charrakh Alaa H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
The risk of developing a more aggressive disease condition is influenced by age and the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetics may experience late diabetes complications such as diabetic renal disease and ischemic heart disease, which can make them frailer and exacerbate the severity of viral infections such as COVID-19 disease, which can result in kidney or heart failure.

Objectives:
To evaluate the levels of testosterone hormone in association with glucose levels in the diabetic population, choosing (50) diabetic patients with no known history of COVID-19 infection or receiving a COVID-19 vaccine were enrolled in the study.

Materials and Methods:
The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was assessed for all patients and in 40 healthy individuals (control group). The study was carried out from January to May 2023 in Marjan Medical City and a private clinical laboratory. Testosterone levels and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured using manual principles and the methods of the Automated Fluorescent Immunoassay System. Fine care for the detection of HBA1C and Fuji film for RBS.

Results:
The results showed that reduced testosterone hormone level is associated with increased HBA1C and blood glucose levels, as well as anti-CoV-2–IgG antibodies. There is a negative (indirect) correlation between HBA1C and testosterone hormone, in contrast to a positive correlation with anti-SARS-CoV-2–IgG antibodies.

Conclusion:
Reduced testosterone hormone levels might indicate a more complicated prognosis of diabetes and in another way might be used as a treatment modality to regulate blood sugar levels after increasing its expression.
The Incidence of CD28 Gene Polymorphism (rs3116496) and Gene Expression with Oral Carcinoma in Some Iraqi Samples
Authors: Farhan Shireen Hamid , Mahmood Shahad H. , Baqer Noor Nihad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Oral carcinoma is one kind of cancer that develops in the cavity of the oral, lip, tongue, gingiva, and oropharynx. The World Health Organization (WHO) illustrated that oral carcinoma is among the most prevalent cancers in the world, considered the sixteenth most malignant, which is commonly prevalent, and the fifteenth reason that causes mortality in the world.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the association between oral carcinoma with single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs3116496) and CD28 (cluster differentiation 28) gene expression.

Materials and Methods:
Samples were collected from 61 control and 61 patients with early squamous oral carcinoma from the gum diseases department/Fallujah specialized center. Then we investigated the variation of CD28 polymorphism and gene expression of CD28 using real-time PCR.

Results:
The results showed that there are significant differences between patients and control in the TT genotype of codominant models with P = 0.003 and OR = 8.89. There were significant differences in the dominant and recessive models with P = 0.03 and 0.008, and OR = 2.4, 7.2, respectively. In addition, the T allele showed significant differences between patients and control with P = 0.002 and OR = 2.61. However, in the CD28 gene expression there were no significant differences between patients and control.

Conclusion:
The genotype TT and allele T of SNP of the CD28 gene are considered risk factors in oral carcinoma.
Analysis of Cytochrome P450 2C9 Gene Polymorphism in a Sample of Iraqi Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Ijam Ali Hassan , Mshimesh Bahir Abdul-Razzaq , Abdulamir Ahmed Sahib , Alsaad Shokry Faaz 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
According to the literature review, there is little knowledge about CYP2C9 genetic variants in Iraqi hypertensive patients.

Objectives:
Evaluate and compare the distribution of important cytochrome CYP2C9 genetic variants within the Iraqi population in relation to other populations.

Materials and Methods:
After DNA extraction and subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the PCR products were subjected to Sanger sequencing to determine the CYP2C9 genetic variants in Iraqi hypertensive patients. The mutant alleles of the identified CYP2C9 genetic variants were compared to those of other countries. The study of linkage disequilibrium (LD) was conducted using the SHEsis program.

Results:
In the Iraqi population, a total of nine CYP2C9 polymorphisms were found with different frequencies. The comparative analysis of major variant rs1799853 C<T and rs1057910 A<C across different populations showed that the frequency of rs1799853 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was significantly (P < 0.05)greater in Iraqis compared to both Asian and African–American populations. The allele frequency of rs1799853 and rs1057910 SNPs was comparable with other countries as Europe, Kuwait, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and Iran. The allele frequency of rs1057910 SNP was determined to be significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the Iraqi population in relation to the African–American population. Moreover, there was a very strong linkage among the studied CYP2C9 SNPs, except for rs555206628 SNPs; there was a weak linkage with CYP2C9 rs28371676 and rs1057910.

Conclusions:
This study provides insights into the prevalence of CYP2C9 polymorphisms among Iraqi populations. This knowledge has the potential to enhance the efficacy of pharmacotherapy through the use of personalized medicine strategies tailored specifically to this ethnic population.
Immunohistochemical Changes of Polycystic Ovaries in rats Treated with Asparagus Officinalis L. Roots Extract
Authors: Al-masoudi Farah Jawad , Obeid Ashwaq Kadhem 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) which a series reproductive, metabolic and psychological condition that is characterized by abnormal gonadotropin secretion or hyperandrogenism and associated with insulin resistance and most commonly found in the reproductive age female.

Objectives:
This research paper were conducted to examine the effects of Asparagus officinalis L. roots extract on letrozole induced PCOS where the effect of 400 mg/kg A. officinalis L. root extract on the PCOS was studied for 28 days in female rats.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-five female Albino rats were randomly divided into five groups, including control negative group, positive control, PCOS, treatment and preventive group. During 28 days, the positive control group got an extract of the A. officinalis roots. Letrozole 1 mg/kg dissolve in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose solution was used to cause PCOS for 28 days. Following the induction of PCOS, the treatment group received extract A. officinalis roots for 28 days. The preventative group received an extract of asparagus roots during PCOS induction.

Results:
Immunohistochemical results are shown Ovary slices from of the therapeutic and preventative groups next to the asparagus group were immunostained for Ki 67, which showed high positive statistically (P <0.05) immunological activity in the granulosa nuclei and less in the theca cells. When compared to the PCOS group, both the granulosa and theca layers had very weak positive immunostaining (P <0.05). According to the morphological findings, granulosa cells from the Control group and asparagus group proliferated much more than granulosa cells from the PCOS group statistically significant (P <0.05).

Conclusion:
The findings show that theca and granulosa cells are quickly stimulated to proliferate by asparagus root extract. Moreover, it therefore speeds up oogenesis and early cell divisions.
Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Moringa oleifera Extract against Staphylococcus aureus Identified by Routine and Molecular Methods
Authors: Al-Quhli Sawsan Qahtan Taha , Ibrahim Omar Salim , Khashan Atheer A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Many diseases caused by bacterial and viral infections may now be treated using herbal extracts instead of chemical drugs.

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts against the bacterium employed in the experiment, as a commensal. Staphylococcus aureus can be found on the skin and in the nasal flora. It can also cause invasive, localized illnesses. Many virulence factors are present in S. aureus. It is recognized by routine and molecular methods depending on Vick Staphylococcal gene.

Material and Methods:
Phytochemical analysis of high polarity solvent leaves was done by using ethanol. Phytochemical study revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and other compounds in the extract. Using the well-diffusion method, the antibacterial effect of the extracts on microorganisms was investigated.

Results:
The ethanol extract proved potent against pathogenic microorganisms, with S. aureus showing the highest activity (10–100 mg/mL). In comparison to the concentrations of alcoholic extracts, the zones’ inhibition of bacterial growth in diameters increased. However, dosages of 80–100 mg/mL were highly effective and significant against S. aureus growth, whereas concentrations of 10–20 mg/mL had low post-detected efficiency and concentrations of 40–60 mg/mL had medium post-detected efficiency.

Conclusion:
These studies demonstrate the validity of the plant’s traditional medicinal properties.
Iron Deficiency and Hearing Problems in Adult Patients: Sample of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Alwash Maysem Mouayad , Eluee Alaa Hussein , Salman Shaymaa Wahbi , Akkila Sameh Samir , Lafta Imran Fadhil 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Anemia causes insufficient oxygenation of various organs, which leads to impairment of cognitive function as well as behavioral dysfunction, and there is a possibility of iron effects on the inner ear system by inducing pathologic insults.

Objectives:
The aim of this article is to investigate the association of tinnitus and hearing loss with iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study included patients suffering from tinnitus who were tested by pure tone audiometry and categorized according to hearing status into those with normal hearing and those with hearing loss. A blood sample was taken from each one for performing a complete blood count and serum ferritin level measurements in order to show the presence of iron deficiency and/or iron deficiency anemia.

Results:
One hundred patients with tinnitus were enrolled, 62 patients of them have hearing loss, while 38 patients have normal hearing. Forty-eight percent of tinnitus patients have iron deficiency anemia and 13% have only iron deficiency. There is a significant association between sensorineural hearing loss and iron deficiency anemia in patients with tinnitus (P value is 0.00283, P value is significant if <0.05). The proportion of subjects with low ferritin and hearing loss is significantly higher than those with low ferritin and normal hearing (P value is 0.000106. The result is significant at P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss are significantly associated with iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia.
An Investigation of Some Immunological and Hematological Variables in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Al-Mozani Hawraa S. , Hasan Sajidah F. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can cause multisystemic tissue damage because of the interaction between the autoantibodies and self-antigens. The complement system has a role in the development of the disease activity after its activation by the immune complexes. In addition to the impairment in the function of T and B cells.

Objectives:
The current study aimed to determine some hematological and immunological factors that could be indicated to disease activity.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, venous blood from 54 SLE patients, who were referred to Medical City, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, and 46 healthy subjects were withdrawn from January 2022 to July 2022. The levels of blood parameters such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cells (WBC), and Hb were measured for the patients and controls. The levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies, C3, C4, IL-6, and IL-17a, were determined for patients and controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Clinical diagnosis was made for all SLE patients according to the standards approved by the American College of Rheumatology, and the disease activity was determined by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Information such as age, history of diagnosis of the disease, and family history were collected by using a questionnaire provided for this study.

Results:
The age range shows a high rate of SLE disease in the age group 25–34, 24 (44.44%). The inactive group of patients was the largest among all patient’s groups (28 [51.85%]). ESR rate and WBCs count were significantly higher in patients. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were significantly high, with an average of 4.84 U/mL in patients compared to healthy controls. C3 and C4 showed an obvious reduction in the sera of patients (111.57, 0.278, respectively) compared to healthy people (126.08, 0.0489, respectively). Anti-dsDNA antibodies appeared with high significant levels in the active group of patients compared to other groups. For cytokines results, IL-6 was significantly high in patients (70.62 ng/l), and the levels of IL-6 and IL-17a were differentiated significantly with disease activity.

Conclusions:
CD3, C4, and dsDNA could be the most efficient indicators for disease diagnosis. However, dsDNA, IL-6, and IL-17a are the best to indicate disease activity.