bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Isometry Technique Reveals Organizational Features in Developmental Cell Lineages
Authors: Alicea Bradly , Portegys Thomas E. , Gordon Richard 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTLineage trees of embryonic development contain much subtle information about the embryogenetic process. One type of information is contained in how the order of nodes are sorted at each level of the tree. Sorting of lineage trees is accomplished using a specific criterion for all levels (each representing a division event) of the tree, resulting in new types of trees (e.g. differentiation tree). Another type of information can be revealed from pairwise comparisons of each type of tree. By using a binary classifier to quantify the first type of information (ordering by level), we can obtain a quantitative measure for the second type of information by using the Hamming distance between equivalent positions in two trees. In this paper, we will introduce a method for calculating and visualizing the information content of embryogenesis called the information isometry technique. Information is extracted from developmental lineages using a binary classification system, and visualization is accomplished through the construction of isometric graphs, which re-represent a tree topology as a series of isometric lines. As the points representing each segment of an isometric line changes color, there is a shift in the underlying tree and its constituent cells. Isometric graphs reveal a number of patterns within cell lineages, including the relative information content of specific subtrees.
Detection of structural mosaicism from targeted and whole-genome sequencing data
Authors: King Daniel A. , Sifrim Alejandro , Fitzgerald Tomas W. , Rahbari Raheleh , Hobson Emma , Homfray Tessa , Mansour Sahar , Mehta Sarju G. , Shehla Mohammed , Tomkins Susan E. , Vasudevan Pradeep C. , Hurles Matthew E. ,   The Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTStructural mosaic abnormalities are large post-zygotic mutations present in a subset of cells and have been implicated in developmental disorders and cancer. Such mutations have been conventionally assessed in clinical diagnostics using cytogenetic or microarray testing. Modern disease studies rely heavily on exome sequencing, yet an adequate method for the detection of structural mosaicism using targeted sequencing data is lacking. Here, we present a method, called MrMosaic, to detect structural mosaic abnormalities using deviations in allele fraction and read coverage from next generation sequencing data. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) simulations were used to calculate detection performance across a range of mosaic event sizes, types, clonalities, and sequencing depths. The tool was applied to 4,911 patients with undiagnosed developmental disorders, and 11 events in 9 patients were detected. In 8 of 11 cases, mosaicism was observed in saliva but not blood, suggesting that assaying blood alone would miss a large fraction, possibly more than 50%, of mosaic diagnostic chromosomal rearrangements.
Awake Canine fMRI Predicts Dogs’ Preference for Praise Versus Food
Authors: Cook Peter F. , Prichard Ashley , Spivak Mark , Berns Gregory S. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTDogs are hypersocial with humans, and their integration into human social ecology makes dogs a unique model for studying cross-species social bonding. However, the proximal neural mechanisms driving dog-human social interaction are unknown. We used fMRI in 15 awake dogs to probe the neural basis for their preferences for social interaction and food reward. In a first experiment, we used the ventral caudate as a measure of intrinsic reward value and compared activation to conditioned stimuli that predicted food, praise, or nothing. Relative to the control stimulus, the caudate was significantly more active to the reward-predicting stimuli and showed roughly equal or greater activation to praise versus food in 13 of 15 dogs. To confirm that these differences were driven by the intrinsic value of social praise, we performed a second imaging experiment in which the praise was withheld on a subset of trials. The difference in caudate activation to the receipt of praise, relative to its withholding, was strongly correlated with the differential activation to the conditioned stimuli in the first experiment. In a third experiment, we performed an out-of-scanner choice task in which the dog repeatedly selected food or owner in a Y-maze. The relative caudate activation to food-and praise-predicting stimuli in Experiment 1 was a strong predictor of each dog’s sequence of choices in the Y-maze. Analogous to similar neuroimaging studies of individual differences in human social reward, our findings demonstrate a neural mechanism for preference in domestic dogs that is stable within, but variable between, individuals. Moreover, the individual differences in the caudate responses indicate the potentially higher value of social than food reward for some dogs and may help to explain the apparent efficacy of social interaction in dog training.
Assocplots: a python package for static and interactive visualization of multiple-group GWAS results
Authors: Khramtsova Ekaterina A , Stranger Barbara E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSummaryOver the last decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have generated vast amounts of analysis results, requiring development of novel tools for data visualization. Quantile-quantile plots and Manhattan plots are classical tools which have been utilized to visually summarize GWAS results and identify genetic variants significantly associated with traits of interest. However, static visualizations are limiting in the information that can be shown. Here we presentAssocplots, a python package for viewing and exploring GWAS results not only using classic static Manhattan and quantile-quantile plots, but also through a dynamic extension which allows to visualize data interactively, and to visualize the relationships between GWAS results from multiple cohorts or studies.AvailabilityTheAssocplotspackage is open source and distributed under the MIT license via GitHub (https://github.com/khramts/assocplots) along with examples, documentation and installation instructions.contactekhramts@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu,bstranger@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
BK Channel Function Bidirectionally Influences Behavioral Deficits Following Withdrawal from Chronic Ethanol inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Scott Luisa L. , Davis Scott J. , Yen Rachel C. , Ordemann Greg J. , Bannai Deepthi , Pierce-Shimomura Jonathan T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe severity of withdrawal from chronic ethanol is a driving force for relapse in alcohol dependence. Thus, uncovering molecular changes that can be targeted to lessen withdrawal symptoms is key to breaking the cycle of dependence. Using the model nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans, we tested whether one highly conserved ethanol target, the BK potassium channel, may play a major role in alcohol withdrawal. Consistent with a previous report, we found thatC. elegansdisplays behavioral impairment during withdrawal from chronic ethanol that can be reduced by low-dose ethanol. We discovered that the degree of impairment is exacerbated in worms lacking the BK channel, SLO-1, and is alleviated by selective rescue of the BK channel in the nervous system. Conversely, behavioral impairment during withdrawal was dramatically lower in worms with BK channel function enhanced via gain-of-function mutation or overexpression. Consistent with these results, we found that chronic ethanol exposure decreased BK channel expression in a subset of neurons. In addition, we found that a distinct, conserved large-conductance potassium channel, SLO-2, showed the inverse functional relationship, influencing withdrawal behavior via a SLO-1 channel-dependent mechanism. Our findings demonstrate that withdrawal symptoms inC. elegansare mechanistically explained in part by a functional imbalance in the nervous system associated with a reduction in SLO-1 channel expression. Therefore, selective modulation of Slo family ion channel activity may represent a novel therapeutic approach to explore for normalizing behaviors during alcohol withdrawal.ARTICLE SUMMARYPeople addicted to alcohol maintain maladaptive drinking patterns in part to avoid the terrible symptoms of withdrawal. It is unclear whether any single molecule may be genetically modified to alleviate withdrawal symptoms. Here, we discover that for the nematodeC. elegans, upregulating function of the conserved BK potassium channel SLO-1 prevents alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Conversely, downregulating SLO-1 channel function makes withdrawal worse. Moreover, we identify an inverse relation between SLO-1 and a second type of BK channel named SLO-2 in the severity of withdrawal. The BK channel thus represents an attractive molecular target to consider for alleviating alcohol withdrawal symptoms.Statement on data and reagent availabilityStrains are available upon request or through theCaenorhabditisGenetics Center.
Religious expression in the workplace: why flexibility enhances its management
Authors: Cole Graham 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
Few topics are more divisive than religion. You would have to search hard to find another issue with the same unrelenting ability to polarize views. History books provide ample testimony to that fact. It is therefore hardly surprising to find religious freedom to be a major challenge in the workplace. Determining how, when and in what circumstances workers should be permitted to engage in religious expression is a conundrum facing many organizations. Granting such a freedom needs to be balanced against the needs and rights of other employee groups.

Practical implications
The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Office properties through the interest cycle
Authors: Hahn Jonas , Keil Verena , Wiegelmann Thomas , Bienert Sven 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of changes in macro-economic conditions going forward, focusing on a change in interest policy, with regard to office letting and investment markets.Design/methodology/approach– For this analysis, the authors constructed two vector-autoregressive models, measuring the response of office rents and capital values in Germany to economic impulses. The authors isolated effects of unique exogenous positive shocks (such as economic growth or interest leaps) on the basis of impulse-response functions in order to understand the complex dynamic interdependence between several economic factors and office performance changes.Findings– The authors initially find a moderately positive development of both office performance components even although supposing an increase in interest level. In terms of capital values, the authors find that they do not drop before 1.5 years after the interest impulse and the negative effect peaks after approximately nine quarters. Furthermore, the reaction to a change in GDP is significantly lower than a reaction to the interest rate, but impulses in other macro-economic factors provoke stronger reactions. Finally, the authors find that a positive interest shock leads to a comparably robust development and economic sustainability in office rents throughout a consideration horizon of 24 quarters.Research limitations/implications– Estimations are based on observations from a time period containing two rather extraordinary market phases. As they included bubble growth and the low-interest environment, the authors find that certain patterns in both phases neutralize each other when looking at the total time frame. The authors constructed sub-samples to compensate for this. However, the research does not provide to what extent the measured impulse-responses stay forecast-proof, if the market moves into a phase of short-term normalization.Practical implications– This paper provides insights into estimated impulse-response patterns on a hypothetical sudden increase of several macro-economic determinants. On this basis, the probable reaction to an increase in, for example, the interest rate level can be approximated. Also, the paper provides a fundamental understanding of the economic sustainability of German office properties in terms of their value and rent performance in the case of exogenous shocks.Originality/value– This paper contains the first vector-autoregressive, impulse-response analysis of office markets in Germany in the context of several macro-economic drivers, including the interest level. It delivers insights into market reaction patterns on the basis of simulated one standard deviation shocks in all included variables.
Organizational justice and work engagement: the mediating effect of self-leadership
Authors: Park Yukyung , Song Ji Hoon , Lim Doo Hun 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of organizational justice on work engagement and the mediating effect of employees’ self-leadership on this relationship within the Korean organizational context.Design/methodology/approach– Cross-sectional, self-report data on organizational justice, work engagement, and self-leadership were obtained from 237 employees in Korea. Structural equation modeling was mainly used for data analyses.Findings– The results revealed the direct significant effect of organizational justice on both self-leadership and work engagement. Also, self-leadership was found to have a significant effect on work engagement as well as a partial mediating effect on the relationship between organizational justice and employees’ work engagement.Research limitations/implications– The social relations and personal behavioral components were conjointly analyzed to measure organizational justice. Harman’s single factor test and unmeasured latent variable tests were performed to minimize the chance of the common method variance (CMV) issue, additional suggestion was provided to prevent CMV issue for future research.Practical implications– These results could be used for designing an organizational system and structure based on the interactive relations between social structure and behaviors to improve organizational performance.Originality/value– The research, which has conceptualized the interactions between social relations and individual behaviors to measure the organizational justice level, is rare.
CEO transformational leadership and the new product development process
Authors: Sattayaraksa Tharnpas , Boon-itt Sakun 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the linkages between CEO transformational leadership and the new product development (NPD) process through organizational learning and innovation culture.Design/methodology/approach– A large-scale survey by a sample of 269 manufacturing firms in Thailand was conducted. Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed relationships.Findings– CEO transformational leadership was strongly and positively associated with organizational learning and innovation culture. Additionally, organizational learning and innovation culture were positively related to the NPD process.Practical implications– Managers should pay more attention to organizational learning since it has a strong impact on the NPD process. CEOs with an innovation-oriented attitude should develop their transformational leadership to support organizational learning and an innovation culture.Originality/value– The study extends the understanding of the connections between CEO transformational leadership and the NPD process. The results highlight the mediating roles of organizational learning and innovation culture on the relationship between CEO transformational leadership and the NPD process.
Diversity in leadership: race in leader-member exchanges
Authors: Randolph-Seng Brandon , Cogliser Claudia C. , Randolph Angela F. , Scandura Terri A , Miller Carliss D. , Smith-Genthôs Rachelle 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The workforce is becoming increasingly diverse and yet leadership research has lagged behind this trend. In particular, theory links leader-member exchange (LMX) to the development of racially diverse leaders (e.g. Scandura and Lankau, 1996). Yet, there remains a need for empirical evaluation of this premise. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– In this paper, results of two studies of the effects of leader-member diversity on the LMX dimensions of professional respect, affect, loyalty, and contributions were examined. In the first study, supervisor-subordinate dyads in an applied work setting were examined, while in the second study a laboratory study was used.Findings– Results in Study 1 indicated that cross-race and minority dyads reported different LMX attributes of professional respect, affect, loyalty and contributions compared with dyads where both members were of the racial majority. In Study 2, racial compositions of dyads was not associated with reported differences in LMX relationships, but was associated with differences in task performance.Originality/value– This research provides the first systematic examination of the influence of racial diversity on LMX in a leader-follower dyad. As such, this work provides an important reference point in which future research on LMX and diversity can build. Such efforts will help future organizational leaders better navigate the increasingly diverse workplace.
Transformational leadership in an extreme context
Authors: Arnold Kara A. , Loughlin Catherine , Walsh Megan M 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore how male and female leaders define effective leadership in an extreme context.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors conducted in-depth interviews with leaders working in an extreme context (a matched sample of female and male Majors and Colonels in the Canadian Armed Forces) and analysed military training materials.

Findings
– In the military, male and female leadership looks much more similar than might be expected. Further, surprisingly this is not occurring because women are leading in more masculine ways, but rather the opposite; men are leading in more feminine ways.

Practical implications
– There is a need for organizations to recognize and acknowledge the role of feminine leadership behaviours. This may also give women a better opportunity to succeed in these types of leadership roles.

Originality/value
– This study contributes to the leadership literature by furthering our understanding of the boundary conditions for transformational leadership in relation to gender stereotypes, situational strength, and social identity.
Exacerbated cardiac fibrosis induced by β‐adrenergic activation in old mice due to decreased AMPK activity
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Song Yao , Li Hao , Shen Qiang , Shen Jing , An Xiangbo , Wu Jimin , Zhang Jianshu , Wu Yunong , Xiao Han , Zhang Youyi 
Published: July 2016

SummarySenescent hearts exhibit defective responses to β‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) over‐activation upon stress, leading to more severe pathological cardiac remodelling. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) in protecting against ageing‐associated cardiac remodelling in mice upon β‐AR over‐activation. 10‐week‐old (young) and 18‐month‐old (old) mice were subcutaneously injected with the β‐AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO; 5 mg/kg). More extensive cardiac fibrosis was found in old mice upon ISO exposure than in young mice. Meanwhile, ISO treatment decreased AMPK activity and increased β‐arrestin 1, but not β‐arrestin 2, expression, and the effects of ISO on AMPK and β‐arrestin 1 were greater in old mice than in young mice. Similarly, young AMPKα2‐knockout (KO) mice showed more extensive cardiac fibrosis upon ISO exposure than that was observed in age‐matched wild‐type (WT) littermates. The extent of cardiac fibrosis in WT old mice was similar to that in young KO mice. Additionally, AMPK activities were decreased and β‐arrestin 1 expression increased in KO mice. In contrast, the AMPK activator metformin decreased β‐arrestin 1 expression and attenuated cardiac fibrosis in both young and old mice upon ISO exposure. In conclusion, more severe cardiac fibrosis is induced by ISO in old mice than in young mice. A decrease in AMPK activity, which further increases β‐arrestin 1 expression, is the central mechanism underlying the ageing‐related cardiac fibrosis induced by ISO. The AMPK activator metformin is a promising therapeutic agent for treating ageing‐related cardiac remodelling upon β‐AR over‐activation.
How ethical leadership cultivates healthy guanxi to enhance OCB in China
Authors: Ko Changsuk , Ma Jianhong , Kang Mingu , English Alexander Scott , Haney Mark H 
Published: July 2016

Ethical leadership has been documented as a critical factor influencing employee behavior. This study aims to expand on previous research by investigating how ethical leadership cultivates healthy Chinese guanxi between employees and their supervisors and influences employee organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). We propose that two types of Chinese guanxi, favor‐seeking guanxi and rent‐seeking guanxi, may play a mediating role in the relationship between ethical leadership and OCB. Using survey data collected from Chinese employees (N = 502), regression and bootstrap analyses are used to test the proposed research model. The results suggest that ethical leadership not only directly promotes employee OCB performance, but also does so indirectly by facilitating favor‐seeking guanxi orientation and suppressing rent‐seeking guanxi orientation. The results provide a theoretical contribution to the study of ethical leadership and Chinese guanxi, and also extend our practical understanding of the role of ethical leadership in enhancing OCB effectively in the China context.