bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of the body proportions in Elephantidae and other large herbivorous mammals
Authors: Belyaev Ruslan I. , Boeskorov Gennady G. , Kuznetsov Alexander N. , Rotonda Mathys , Prilepskaya Natalya E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to achieve three objectives: (1) to precisely characterize the body plans of Elephantidae and other large herbivorous mammals; (2) based on this analysis, to determine whether the body plans of the extinct woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) and steppe mammoth (M. trogontherii) differ from those of modern‐day Elephantidae: the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), the African bush (Loxodonta africana), and forest (L. cyclotis) elephants; (3) to analyze how the body plans have changed in extant perissodactyls and proboscideans compared with their Paleogene ancestors. To accomplish this, we studied mammoth skeletons from the collections of Russian museums and compared this data with a large number of skeletons of extant elephantids, odd‐toed, and even‐toed ungulates, as well as their extinct relatives. We showed that three genera of Elephantidae are characterized by a homogeneous body plan, which is markedly different from other large herbivores. Elephantids break the interrelationship, that exists in artiodactyls and perissodactyls, between the total length of the head and neck on one side and the limb's segments on the other. Their limbs are very tall (inferior in this regard among large ungulates only to the giraffe), and, contrary to the other large herbivorous mammals, elongated due to the length of the proximal segments. This allows them to effectively utilize the principle of inverted pendulum (straight‐legged walking) in locomotion. The biggest differences in the body plan of mammoths compared with extant elephants are a markedly larger pelvis, elongated fore‐ and hindlimbs (due to the increased relative length of their proximal segments), and different proportions of the skull. The body plans of plesiomorphic Paleogene proboscideans and perissodactyls differed markedly from their descendants in every body part; these differences are related, on the one hand, to the allometric growth, and on the other hand, to the advancement of the locomotor apparatus in the course of their evolution. The most notable difference in the body plan between Paleogene proboscidean Moeritherium and extant Elephantidae is the ~2‐fold increase in relative limb height.
The development of the external genitals in female human embryos and foetuses. Part 2: Vaginal vestibule, anal canal, perineal raphe and perineal cutaneous muscles
Authors: Hülsman Cindy J. M. , Gao Hui , Kruepunga Nutmethee , Mommen Greet M. C. , Köhler S. Eleonore , Hikspoors Jill P. J. M. , Lamers Wouter H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConcomitant with the rupture of the cloacal membrane, the perineal skin epithelium thickens (see accompanying article). In this study, we establish in female embryos and foetuses that the thick skin area divides into ventral and dorsal areas at ~14 weeks and gradually becomes restricted to the vaginal vestibule and anal canal thereafter. The dense mesenchymal core of the labia minora, which forms at ~8 weeks, extends dorsally to the anal canal as a midline reinforcement. The skin epithelium overlying this reinforcement is much thinner than the flanking ‘thick skin’, and is supported by an interrupted basement membrane, which implies epithelial–mesenchymal transformation of the thin midline epithelium and the subsequent establishment of the perineal raphe by the merging of the adjacent thick epithelium. Meanwhile, the anogenital distance in the perineum increases rapidly in length. Perhaps as a consequence, the labia minora cover only the ventral third of the vaginal vestibule at 20 weeks. The endodermal ducts of Bartholin's glands are identifiable at 7 weeks, while acini form at ~12 weeks. The vestibular bulbs become identifiable at ~10 weeks and form vascular networks after ~14.5 weeks. After the rupture of the cloacal membrane, the diameter of the junction of the dorsal cloaca with the anal canal is just a pinhole but widens dorsoventrally after the 7th week. The cutaneous muscles of the perineal area form as a ventrally open U‐shaped mesenchymal mass, from which the anal sphincter and bulbospongiosus muscle develop. In conclusion, our findings show that thick skin epithelium persists in the vaginal vestibule and anal canal.
Light and scanning electron microscope characterization of mandibular symphysis tissue as a functional adaptation in the mandible development of human fetuses
Authors: Delpupo Fernanda Vieira Botelho , Liberti Edson Aparecido , da Silva Baptista Josemberg , de Oliveira Flavia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhen developing, the mandible presents great plasticity and contains condensed mesenchymal cells that develops into Meckel's cartilage, of which the anterior part forms the mandibular symphysis. Mandible human development studies focus on investigating whether the beginning of mandibular fusion in fetal period is related to symphysis ossification and the tensions imposed on it, considering that tongue movements, mouth opening, and closing can be seen in fetuses. This research analyses tissue modifications during human mandibular symphysis growth using light and scanning electron microscopy to relate them to its functional structure. The study sample consisted of 12 human fetuses distributed into two groups: Group I (GI) of 10–14 weeks old and Group II (GII) of 20–24 weeks old. Fragments of mandibular symphysis were removed en bloc together with the surrounding tissues to preserve the relation with adjacent structures. Decalcified specimens were prepared in semi‐serial coronal sections 5‐μm‐thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson՚s trichrome, Verhoeff, and Sirius red for histological analysis with light microscopy. Collagen fibers Type I or III and elastic fibers were quantified by volume fraction (Vv). Coronal sections of the GI and GII symphyseal region were submitted to scanning electron microscopy. Comparison between groups used independent t‐test. Our study presents the different endochondral ossification stages in the anterior part of Meckel's cartilage in GI. Both groups showed abundantly vascularized mesenchymal tissue with intense cellular activity forming the mandibular symphysis, such as a source of new osteoblasts adjacent to the newly deposited bone matrix. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed an invasion of the bony trabecula in the transverse direction from the hemimandible, rectilinear in GI and sinuous in GII due to interdigitating bone process, promoting its ossification. In collagen Vv analysis was verified a prevalence of type I in GII and type III in GI, indicating a proportional relation between maturation and tissue arrangement. Functionally, the collagen and elastic fibers in the mandibular symphysis were arranged in a pantographic network, and the fibrillar interconnectivity clearly contributes to resilience capacity and efficiency of the force transfer. This study inferred the functional significance of the knowledge about the tissue composition of mandibular symphysis, and the importance of this tissue for surrounding structures. The mesenchymal tissue of mandibular symphysis participates in bone growth process, revealing an adaptation mechanism of mandibular symphysis in the fetal period investigated.
Efficacy of Topical Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate‐Peptide Product Versus Fractional CO2 Laser in Facial Aging
Authors: Kruger Lucas , Bambino Kathryn , Schmalenberg Kristine , Santhanam Uma , Orentreich David , Orentreich Catherine , Logerfo Jodi , Saliou Claude 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMany people are interested in addressing visible signs of aging with non‐invasive cosmetic treatments. Development of effective topical products will provide options to delay or support cosmetic procedures.AimsThis study assessed and compared the efficacy and tolerance of a topical product used over the course of 16 weeks to a single ablative laser treatment on women with moderate global photodamage on the face.MethodsSubjects in Cell 1 (Laser Cell) were treated over the entire face with a fractional CO2 laser system. Subjects in Cell 2 (Topical Serum Cell) were treated with a topical serum containing hydroxypinacolone retinoate and peptides over the entire face, twice per day for 16 weeks. The study was composed of 71 women, with 29 in the Laser Cell (mean age 56.2) and 42 in the Topical Serum Cell (mean age 55.0), between 40 and 65 years old. Expert grading was used to determine efficacy parameters.ResultsParticipants in the Topical Serum Cell achieved more significant improvement (p < 0.05) in Marionette lines, fine lines (global face), wrinkles (global face), wrinkles (crow's feet), nasolabial folds, texture, smoothness (tactile), global hyperpigmentation, lift, and photodamage compared to participants in the Laser Cell. Participants in the Topical Serum Cell achieved parity in the look of fine lines (crow's feet), forehead lines, glabella, firmness/bounce (tactile), skin tone evenness, radiance.ConclusionsWhile no statistically significant differences in tolerability were observed, treatment with the topical cosmetic product achieved parity or statistically better improvement in parameters compared to laser treatment at 16 weeks.
Analysis of Longitudinal Trajectory and Influencing Factors of Supportive Care Needs in Colorectal Cancer Patients With Enterostomy
Authors: Zhou Lu , Li Hui , Zhang Zhengyang , Wang Ling 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThe aim of this study was to understand the dynamic changes in the needs of patients with enterostomy during the 3 months after discharge and its possible influencing factors.DesignA prospective observational design.MethodsThis study investigated the supportive care needs of patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery with colostomy in three Chinese hospitals from May 2023 to October 2023 during the 3 months following discharge from the hospital. The growth mix model was used to describe the needs trajectory and analyse the heterogeneity of the trajectory. Univariate analysis was used to find the factors that might affect the heterogeneity of needs trajectory of patients with enterostomy, and then logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of the heterogeneity of needs trajectory of patients with enterostomy. The reporting of this study adhered to the STROBE checklist.ResultsA total of 232 patients with enterostomy completed follow‐up. There was heterogeneity in the developmental trajectories of supportive care needs of enterostomy patients and the trajectories of the five dimensions of supportive care needs. The heterogeneity factors affecting the trajectory of supportive care needs included the enterostomy patient's psychosocial adjustment score, type of enterostomy, and educational background and the heterogeneity factors affecting the five dimensions trajectory of supportive care needs include psychosocial adjustment score, tumour staging, type of enterostomy, smoking, chemotherapy and enterostomy self‐care knowledge score.ConclusionsThe needs of patients with enterostomy within 3 months after discharge were dynamic. Identifying and meeting the unmet needs of patients with enterostomy was crucial to improving the health‐related quality of life of patients with enterostomy.Patient or Public ContributionNone.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe needs of patients with enterostomy were dynamic, with the needs of most patients with enterostomy decreasing within 3 months of discharge, but some patients with enterostomy continued to have high needs at 3 months after discharge, and clinical nurses were expected to pay special attention to these patients.
Introduction and Systematic Review of the Good Nursing Care Scale
Authors: Mattila Tuula , Stolt Minna , Katajisto Jouko , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAim(s)To provide an introduction to the Good Nursing Care Scale (GNCS) and systematically review the application of the scale in health research.DesignSystematic review.MethodsEmpirical studies published in English or Finnish in peer‐reviewed journals or as a summary of a PhD thesis where the scale was used for data collection amongst patients were included. Analysis was made by using descriptive statistics, narrative analysis, and evaluation of psychometric properties.Data SourcesPubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Scopus in October 2023.ResultsA total of 26 full‐text studies and summaries of PhD theses were included in the review. The GNCS has been developed systematically, and the theoretical structure has remained stable. The studies indicate a high level of patient‐centered quality of nursing care. Validity and reliability evaluation and reporting were systematic in the studies and mainly indicate sufficient level. Variations between countries are not large, supporting the international use of the GNCS.ConclusionsPatient‐centered quality of nursing care is predominantly at high levels. However, systematic evaluation is needed to provide longitudinal data. For that purpose, the GNCS is one potential instrument.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareSupport for the use of existing, tested instruments is encouraged to provide critical ideas for the future needs of nurse practitioners, managers, teachers and researchers.ImpactThis paper impacts researchers interested in systematic evaluation of the patient‐centered quality of nursing care and for practitioners taking care of patients. For researchers, it introduces a relevant instrument, the GNCS, for analysing the quality or for comparing the quality with other instruments. For practitioners, it produces evidence of the usability of the GNCS.Reporting MethodPRISMA guided the systematic review, and the COSMIN guideline was used for quality appraisal of included studies.Patient or Public contributionNo Patient or Public contribution.
Oro‐Dental Characteristics in Patients With Adult‐Onset Hypophosphatasia Compared to a Healthy Control Group–A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Jørgensen Freja Fribert , Hermann Xenia , Hepp Nicola , Sonnesen Liselotte 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited disease that affects multiple organ systems including bone and teeth. Limited knowledge exists on dental and oral health in patients with adult‐onset HPP (aHPP).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate oro‐dental characteristics in patients with aHPP compared to healthy controls.MethodsThis case‐control study included 20 patients with aHPP compared to 31 healthy controls. Oro‐dental manifestations were examined by standardised interviews, clinical examinations as well as radiological registrations on panoramic radiograph (OP) and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.ResultsThe subjective experience of tooth fractures (p = 0.010), caries in permanent teeth (p = 0.032) and early loss of permanent teeth (p = 0.002) was significantly higher in patients with aHPP compared to the controls. In the aHPP group, the presence of specific teeth (p ≤ 0.045) and attrition of 11 were significantly lower (p = 0.012) compared to the controls. Opacity of a few teeth (p ≤ 0.049), presence of denticles (p = 0.024), the distance between the enamel–cement junction (CEJ) and the marginal bone level at specific sites (p ≤ 0.021) and crown height of 11 (p = 0.017) were significantly higher in patients with aHPP than in healthy controls.ConclusionThe results indicate that patients with aHPP have a subjective experience of having poorer dental health. Loss of permanent teeth, less attrition, tooth opacities, denticles and larger distance between CEJ and marginal bone level are possible oro‐dental findings in patients with aHPP.
Complex end‐of‐life decision‐making during neonatal retrieval: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cantelmi David , Jardine Luke , Griffin Alison , Cooke Lucy 
Published: October 2024

AimThe aim of this study was to compare patients referred to our retrieval service who were palliated before transfer, versus those transferred who were palliated within 7 days of birth.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of infants referred to our neonatal retrieval service between 1 December 2015 and 31 March 2022 who died during retrieval or within 7 days of referral. Demographic and clinical data were collected from the service database and electronic medical records.ResultsData on 60 infants were analysed; 25 (42%) infants were not transported and were palliated at the referring hospital, 35 (58%) infants were transported and later palliated at the accepting hospital. The most common primary diagnoses were prematurity (42%) and hypoxemic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (42%). Infants palliated at the referring hospital were more likely than those transported and later palliated to require resuscitation including chest compressions (52% vs. 23%, P = 0.02), management for hypotension (72% vs. 20%, P < 0.001) and management for pneumothorax (28% vs. 0%, P = 0.001) and less likely to require management for seizures (8% vs. 43%, P = 0.003).ConclusionsPalliation at the referring hospital should be considered as an option when escalating care is predicted to not affect outcome. In this cohort the infants least likely to be transported required significant management during stabilisation. Determining the infants for whom transport is non‐beneficial remains difficult.
Study on cerebral oxygen saturation in children with sleep‐disordered breathing
Authors: Wu Yunxiao , Xu Zhifei , Ge Wentong , Zhang Xin , Zheng Li , Ning Xiaolin , Ni Xin 
Published: October 2024

SummaryTo explore the association between the severity of sleep‐disordered breathing, different types of respiratory events, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), age and sleep stage on cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) in children. We enrolled children aged 4–14 years who were treated for snoring or mouth breathing at the Sleep Center of Beijing Children's Hospital, from February 2022 to July 2022. All children completed polysomnography, and SpO2, rSO2, and heart rate (HR) were recorded synchronously. A total of 70 children were included, including 16 (22.9%) with primary snoring, 38 (54.3%) with mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and 16 (22.9%) with moderate‐to‐severe OSA. There were no significant differences in the mean rSO2 or minimum rSO2 among the primary snoring, mild OSA, and moderate‐to‐severe OSA groups (all p > 0.05). A total of 1119 respiratory events were included in the analysis. Regardless of the type of respiratory event, rSO2 and HR changes occur prior to fluctuations in SpO2. A mixed‐effects model showed that ΔrSO2 was positively correlated with ΔSpO2, duration of respiratory event, mixed and obstructive apnea, central apnea, while negatively correlated with age and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stage (all p < 0.05). Larger rSO2 fluctuations were impacted by a greater ΔSpO2, longer duration of respiratory events, younger age, apnea‐related respiratory events and non‐REM sleep stage. Thus, sleep disordered breathing in younger children warrants more attention. More research is needed to determine whether REM sleep has special protective effects on rSO2.
Determination of the protein value of novel poultry meal ingredients for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Sealey Wendy M. , Gaylord T. Gibson 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the digestible protein value of three novel poultry products (Pea/Lentil‐PM, Hen on Hen‐PM, and soybean meal (SBM)‐PM), then a growth trial with a 2 × 5 design was conducted where SBM‐PM was included at five levels: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30% in both a fish meal (FM)‐based diet and a plant protein (PP)‐based diet. Thirty rainbow trout (initial size = 10.7 ± 0.15 g; Troutlodge Inc, Sumner, WA) per tank were stocked into a 15°C recirculating system. Fish in triplicate tanks were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for 12 weeks. SBM‐PM had no effect on final weight (p = 0.3665; FM 233 vs. PP 237) or growth rate (p = 0.4703; FM 2070% vs. PP 2097%). Significant interactions between dietary protein and SBM‐PM for both intake (p = 0.0080) and FCR (p = 0.0081) indicate increased intake of fish fed the plant protein‐based diet without SBM‐PM. Regression modeling of this effect yields a polynomial model with an R‐square of 0.78; p < 0.0001 explained by the relationships: and , respectively. These values suggest that the SBM‐PM can be included up to 30% in rainbow trout feeds to reduce feed costs without negatively impacting performance.
Investigation of the effect of water and feed sourced boron on the growth performance and blood parameters of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Çelik Mustafa , Dikel Suat , Öz Mustafa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of water and feed‐derived boron on the growth performance and blood parameters of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Two different experiments were designed for this purpose. The first phase of the study determined the LC50 (96‐h) value of boron for Nile tilapia. Fish were then fed in water containing boron at a ratio of 1:20 of the LC50 value. In the second experiment, feed containing boron at different rates (0.00%, 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.10%) was fed for 40 days. At the end of the feeding period, growth performance, hematology, and blood biochemistry parameters were determined. The study concluded with a calculated LC50 value of 161.053 mg/L boron for Nile tilapia. The initial weight was 12.51 ± 0.79 g; at the end of feeding, the final weights were determined as 26.36 ± 0.15 g for the control and 28.07 ± 0.23, 32.28 ± 0.25 and 24.81 ± 0.48 g for 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.10% of boron feed treatments, respectively. At the end of feeding in water containing boron, the final weight of Nile tilapia was determined as 24.26 ± 0.26 g (LC50/20%). The results showed that feeding Nile tilapia with 0.05% boron‐supplemented feed stimulated growth and positively affected blood parameters, whereas waterborne boron inhibited Nile tilapia growth and negatively affected blood parameters.
An adversarial diverse deep ensemble approach for surrogate‐based traffic signal optimization
Authors: Tang Zhixian , Wang Ruoheng , Chung Edward , Gu Weihua , Zhu Hong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSurrogate‐based traffic signal optimization (TSO) is a computationally efficient alternative to simulation‐based TSO. By replacing the simulation‐based objective function, a surrogate model can quickly identify solutions by searching for extreme points on its response surface. As a popular surrogate model, the ensemble of multiple diverse deep learning models can approximate complicated systems with a strong generalizability. However, existing ensemble methods barely focus on strengthening the prediction of extreme points, which we found can be realized by further diversifying base learners in the ensemble. The study proposes an adversarial diverse ensemble (ADE) method for online TSO with limited computational resources, comprising two stages: In the offline stage, base extractors are diversified with unlabeled data by a designed adversarial diversity training algorithm; in the online stage, base predictors are trained in parallel with limited labeled data, and the ensemble then serves as the surrogate model to search for solutions iteratively for TSO. First, it is demonstrated that the prediction accuracy on extreme points, and associated solution quality, can be constantly improved with base learners’ diversity enhanced by ADE. Case studies of TSO conducted on a four‐intersection arterial further demonstrate the superior solution quality and computational efficiency of the ADE surrogate model in a wide range of traffic scenarios. Moreover, a large‐scale online TSO experiment under dynamic traffic demand proves ADE's effectiveness in practical applications.