bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quality assessment of reporting sources for microcephaly in Utah, 2003 to 2013
Authors: Steele Amy , Johnson Jane , Nance Amy , Satterfield Robert , Alverson C.J. , Mai Cara 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundObtaining accurate microcephaly prevalence is important given the recent association between microcephaly and Zika virus. Assessing the quality of data sources can guide surveillance programs as they focus their data collection efforts. The Utah Birth Defect Network (UBDN) has monitored microcephaly by data sources since 2003. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of reporting sources for microcephaly surveillance.MethodsAll reported cases of microcephaly among Utah mothers from 2003 to 2013 were clinically reviewed and confirmed. The UBDN database was linked to state vital records and hospital discharge data for analysis. Reporting sources were analyzed for positive predictive value and sensitivity.ResultsOf the 477 reported cases of microcephaly, 251 (52.6%) were confirmed as true cases. The UBDN identified 94 additional cases that were reported to the surveillance system as another birth defect, but were ultimately determined to be true microcephaly cases. The prevalence for microcephaly based on the UBDN medical record abstraction and clinical review was 8.2 per 10,000 live births. Data sources varied in the number and accuracy of reporting, but a case was more likely to be a true case if identified from multiple sources than from a single source.ConclusionWhile some reporting sources are more likely to identify possible and true microcephaly cases, maintaining a multiple source methodology allows for more complete case ascertainment. Surveillance programs should conduct periodic assessments of data sources to ensure their systems are capturing all possible birth defects cases. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:983–988, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct inhibition of Re Du Ning Injection and its active compounds on human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes by a cocktail method
Authors: Kang Danyu , Geng Ting , Lian Yuanpei , Li Yanjing , Ding Gang , Huang Wenzhe , Ma Shiping , Wang Zhenzhong , Ma Zheng , Xiao Wei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the direct inhibitory effects of Re Du Ning Injection (RDN) and its active compounds on the major cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP) isoforms (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) of human liver microsomes by ‘a cocktail method’. The activity of each CYP isform was represented as the formation rate of the specific metabolite from relevant substrate. Then a sensitive and specific ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated to simultaneously analyze the seven metabolites. RDN (0.035–2.26 mg/mL) showed a strong inhibitiory effect on CYP2C8, followed by CYP2C9, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. The IC50 value for each enzyme was 0.19, 0.66, 0.72, 1.27, 1.66 and 2.13 mg/mL, respectively. RDN competitively inhibited the activities of CYP1A2 (Ki = 1.22 mg/mL), CYP2B6 (Ki = 0.65 mg/mL) and CYP3A4 (Ki = 0.88 mg/mL); it also exhibited mixed inhibition of CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 with a Ki value of 0.26, 0.64 and 0.82 mg/mL, respectively. However, the activity of CYP2D6 was not significantly inhibited even by 2.26 mg/mL RDN. Moreover, the data of nine active compounds on the CYPs showed that cryptochlorogenin acid, sochlorogenic acid B and sochlorogenic acid C were the major contributors to the inhibitory effect of RDN on CYP2C8, while the inhibitory effect of RDN on CYP2C9 might be caused by sochlorogenic acid A and sochlorogenic acid C. Moreover, neochlorogenic acid might be the major contributor to the inhibitory effect on CYP2B6. All of the findings suggested that drug–drug interactions may occur and great caution should be taken when RDN is combined with drugs metabolized by these CYPs.
DLL4 overexpression increases gastric cancer stem/progenitor cell self‐renewal ability and correlates with poor clinical outcome via Notch‐1 signaling pathway activation
Authors: Miao Zhi‐Feng , Xu Hao , Xu Hui‐Mian , Wang Zhen‐Ning , Zhao Ting‐Ting , Song Yong‐Xi , Xu Ying‐Ying 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGastric cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases, and poses a serious threat to the quality of human life. Gastric cancer stem/progenitor cells (GCSPCs) have critical effects on tumor formation, affecting specific features of self‐renewal and differentiation and playing a critical role in metastasis. The Notch‐1 pathway is crucially important to GCSPCs and is regulated by DLL4. In this study, DLL4 and Nestin levels were measured in 383 gastric cancer tissue samples by immunohistochemistry, and the clinico‐pathological features of patients assessed. After DLL4 silencing in selected gastric cancer cell lines, the expression of GCSPC markers and colony formation ability were analyzed and the self‐renewal and differentiation capacities of the cells were evaluated. The relationship between DLL4 levels and Notch‐1 signaling pathway effector amounts was assessed via Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Finally, the tumor formation ability of the gastric cancer cells was evaluated with different levels of DLL4 and multiple cell densities in vivo. Our results indicate that DLL4 expression is associated with TNM stage and cancer metastasis, with high amounts of DLL4 leading to poor outcome. DLL4 silencing inhibited the self‐renewal ability of GCSPCs and increased their multidifferentiation capacity, resulting in reduced GCSPC ratios. DLL4 knockdown also blocked the Notch‐1 pathway, weakening invasion ability and resistance to 5‐FU chemotherapy. In vivo, DLL4 silencing inhibited the tumor formation ability of GCSPCs. In conclusion, DLL4 affects GCSPC stemness, altering their pathological behavior. DLL4 silencing inhibits GCSPC metastatic potential both in vitro and in vivo by impeding Notch‐1 signaling pathway activation, indicating that DLL4 may be a new potential therapeutic target.
Researcher–client and participant–therapist reflecting relationally on a research conversation
Authors: Partridge Naomi , Canavan Siobhan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhat happens when a researcher engages her former therapist as a participant in her research? How do they transition to this new relationship as they encounter themselves, and one another, in conversation about therapy that ended eighteen months earlier? Written jointly by a doctoral researcher and her former therapist, this paper is a reflective account about their experiences during one such research conversation. Individual and shared accounts show how they brought themselves to a process that carried qualities of experiencing from their earlier therapeutic relationship, in addition to their identities as person‐centred practitioners and feminists. Separately written pieces of experiential writing, followed by short, jointly written reflective commentaries are used to foreground and explore the emotional and experiential processes of arriving at the research conversation and also two significant moments during that conversation. The paper illustrates how multiple aspects of identity were encountered, boundaries became more flexible and delicate shifts in power were made and experienced. Each person needed to hold their positions lightly, reflexively and in continuous dialogue. The authors found the presence of the empathic in each other facilitated a deepened understanding, enabling the selves of researcher, participant, client and counsellor to come into relationship in this new context. The paper challenges the conventional binary positioning of therapist and client in research about therapy. It also draws attention to the scarcity of accounts of therapy written by client and therapist together.
Surveillance versus adjuvant radiotherapy for patients with high‐risk stage I seminoma
Authors: Mortensen Mette S. , Bandak Mikkel , Kier Maria G. G. , Lauritsen Jakob , Agerbæk Mads , Holm Niels V. , von der Maase Hans , Daugaard Gedske 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDThe optimal treatment strategy for patients with clinical stage I (CS‐1) seminoma is controversial. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the outcomes for patients considered to be at high risk of disease recurrence with a tumor size ≥6 cm. Patients were treated with either adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or followed with surveillance.METHODSFrom the Danish Testicular Cancer database, the authors identified 473 patients with CS‐1 seminoma with a tumor size ≥6 cm. Of these, 254 patients underwent adjuvant RT and 219 were followed with surveillance. Cumulative incidence function was applied to estimate the risk of disease recurrence, risk of second malignant neoplasm, and risk of receiving >1 line of treatment. Survival of the 2 groups was compared with the log‐rank test and Cox model including age at diagnosis.RESULTSNo significant differences were found with regard to overall survival or risk of a second malignant neoplasm. Patients undergoing adjuvant RT received more treatments per patient than patients followed with surveillance, but there was no significant difference noted with regard to the risk of receiving >1 line of treatment. The 10‐year cumulative incidence of disease recurrence was 32% versus 2.8%, respectively, for patients followed with surveillance and adjuvant RT. In patients followed with surveillance who developed disease recurrence, there was a high incidence of second recurrences after RT.CONCLUSIONSThe 10‐year overall survival was found to be similar irrespective of primary treatment. Adjuvant RT was found to effectively reduce the rate of disease recurrence but resulted in the overtreatment of approximately two‐thirds of the patients. The high incidence of second disease recurrences after RT in the patients followed with surveillance needs be addressed in future studies. Cancer 2017;123:1212–1218. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Size differences of Arctic marine protists between two climate periods—using the paleoecological record to assess the importance of within‐species trait variation
Authors: Mousing Erik A. , Ribeiro Sofia , Chisholm Chelsea , Kuijpers Antoon , Moros Matthias , Ellegaard Marianne 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMean body size decreases with increasing temperature in a variety of organisms. This size–temperature relationship has generally been tested through space but rarely through time. We analyzed the sedimentary archive of dinoflagellate cysts in a sediment record taken from the West Greenland shelf and show that mean cell size decreased at both intra‐ and interspecific scales in a period of relatively warm temperatures, compared with a period of relatively cold temperatures. We further show that intraspecific changes accounted for more than 70% of the change in community mean size, whereas shifts in species composition only accounted for about 30% of the observed change. Literature values on size ranges and midpoints for individual taxa were in several cases not representative for the measured sizes, although changes in community mean size, calculated from literature values, did capture the direction of change. While the results show that intraspecific variation is necessary to accurately estimate the magnitude of change in protist community mean size, it may be possible to investigate general patterns, that is relative size differences, using interspecific‐level estimates.
Critical influence of the thymus on peripheral T cell homeostasis
Authors: Vianna Pedro Henrique Oliveira , Canto Fábio B. , Nogueira Jeane S. , Nunes Caroline Fraga Cabral Gomes , Bonomo Adriana César , Fucs Rita 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionA tight balance between regulatory CD4+Foxp3+ (Treg) and conventional CD4+Foxp3− (Tconv) T cell subsets in the peripheral compartment, maintained stable throughout most of lifetime, is essential for preserving self‐tolerance along with efficient immune responses. An excess of Treg cells, described for aged individuals, may critically contribute to their reported immunodeficiency. In this work, we investigated if quantitative changes in thymus emigration may alter the Treg/Tconv homeostasis regardless of the aging status of the peripheral compartment.MethodsWe used two different protocols to modify the rate of thymus emigration: thymectomy of adult young (4–6 weeks old) mice and grafting of young thymus onto aged (18 months old) hosts. Additionally, lymphoid cells from young and aged B6 mice were intravenously transferred to B6.RAG2−/− mice. Alterations in Treg and Tconv peripheral frequencies following these protocols were investigated after 30 days by flow cytometry.ResultsThymectomized young mice presented a progressive increase in the Treg cell frequency, while the grafting of a functional thymus in aged mice restored the young‐like physiological Treg/Tconv proportion. Strikingly, T cells derived from young or aged splenocytes colonized the lymphopenic periphery of RAG−/− hosts to the same extent, giving rise to similarly elevated Treg cell levels irrespective of the age of the donor population. In the absence of thymus output, the Treg subset seems to survive longer, as confirmed by their lower proportion of Annexin‐V+ cells.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the thymus‐emigrating population, harboring an adequate proportion of Treg/Tconv lymphocytes, may be essential to keep the Treg cell balance, independently of age‐related shifts intrinsic to the peripheral environment or to the T cell biology.
Effective delivery of porphyrazine photosensitizers to cancer cells by polymer brush nanocontainers
Authors: Shilyagina Natalia Y. , Peskova Nina N. , Lermontova Svetlana A. , Brilkina Anna A. , Vodeneev Vladimir A. , Yakimansky Alexander V. , Klapshina Larisa G. , Balalaeva Irina V. 
Published: November 2016

Efficient drug delivery can be assigned to tasks that attract the most acute attention of researchers in the field of anticancer drug design. We have reported the first case of using amphiphilic polymer brushes as nanocontainers for photosensitizer delivery to cancer cells. Regular graft‐copolymers of hydrophobic polyimides with hydrophilic polymethacrylic acid side chains were loaded with photosensitive dye tetra(4‐fluorophenyl)tetracyanoporphyrazine (Pz) providing a sufficiently stable homogeneous fraction of fluorescent Pz‐loaded nanoparticles with a size of 100–150 nm. Pz‐loaded polymer brushes were substantially more efficient for Pz delivery into cells compared with other types of particles examined, Pz‐polyethyleneglycol and Pz‐methylcellulose. In vivo, an efficient Pz delivery to tumor can also be expected since the Pz‐PB particle size is in the optimal range for passive targeting. Pz‐PB showed pronounced photodynamic activity, while, that is important, in the absence of irradiation the PB carrier itself was significantly less toxic than the dye itself.
Summing up, water‐soluble polymer brushes with polyimide backbones and polymethacrylic acid side chains can be regarded as a novel type of nanocontainers providing efficient intracellular drug delivery for photodynamic therapy of cancers.magnified imageSumming up, water‐soluble polymer brushes with polyimide backbones and polymethacrylic acid side chains can be regarded as a novel type of nanocontainers providing efficient intracellular drug delivery for photodynamic therapy of cancers.
Acute mechanical hemolysis as a complication of extracorporeal photopheresis in a low‐weight child
Authors: DeSimone Robert A. , Wontakal Sandeep N. , Lyashchenko Alexander K. , Schwartz Joseph 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGraft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is a complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with high morbidity and mortality. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an effective therapy for treating medication‐refractory GVHD, however, there is scant evidence of whether ECP can be safely performed in patients weighing less than 15 kg. Here, we report the implementation of a successful protocol to perform ECP in a 21‐month‐old, 10.6 kg female with medication‐refractory GVHD. Our initial ECP treatment resulted in significant hemolysis that was most likely mechanical. After procedural adjustments that included modifying the anticoagulation dose and whole blood:anticoagulant ratio, as well as whole blood processing time, the patient tolerated future procedures safely without hemolysis or other adverse events. With appropriate technical modifications, we provide a framework for safely performing ECP in children less than 15 kg.
Maximizing H‐Colorings of Connected Graphs with Fixed Minimum Degree
Authors: Engbers John 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFor graphs G and H, an H‐coloring of G is a map from the vertices of G to the vertices of H that preserves edge adjacency. We consider the following extremal enumerative question: for a given H, which connected n‐vertex graph with minimum degree δ maximizes the number of H‐colorings? We show that for nonregular H and sufficiently large n, the complete bipartite graph is the unique maximizer. As a corollary, for nonregular H and sufficiently large n the graph is the unique k‐connected graph that maximizes the number of H‐colorings among all k‐connected graphs. Finally, we show that this conclusion does not hold for all regular H by exhibiting a connected n‐vertex graph with minimum degree δ that has more ‐colorings (for sufficiently large q and n) than .
On the Existence of Tree Backbones that Realize the Chromatic Number on a Backbone Coloring
Authors: Araujo J. , Cezar A. A. , Silva A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA proper k‐coloring of a graph is a function such that , for every . The chromatic number is the minimum k such that there exists a proper k‐coloring of G. Given a spanning subgraph H of G, a q‐backbone k‐coloring of is a proper k‐coloring c of such that , for every edge . The q‐backbone chromatic number is the smallest k for which there exists a q‐backbone k‐coloring of . In this work, we show that every connected graph G has a spanning tree T such that , and that this value is the best possible. As a direct consequence, we get that every connected graph G has a spanning tree T for which , if , or , otherwise. Thus, by applying the Four Color Theorem, we have that every connected nonbipartite planar graph G has a spanning tree T such that . This settles a question by Wang, Bu, Montassier, and Raspaud (J Combin Optim 23(1) (2012), 79–93), and generalizes a number of previous partial results to their question.
Artificial neural networks and geometric morphometric methods as a means for classification: A case‐study using teeth from Carcharhinus sp. (Carcharhinidae)
Authors: Soda K.J. , Slice D.E. , Naylor G.J.P. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTOver the past few decades, geometric morphometric methods have become increasingly popular and powerful tools to describe morphological data while over the same period artificial neural networks have had a similar rise in the classification of specimens to preconceived groups. However, there has been little research into how well these two systems operate together, particularly in comparison to preexisting techniques. In this study, geometric morphometric data and multilayer perceptrons, a style of artificial neural network, were used to classify shark teeth from the genus Carcharhinus to species. Three datasets of varying size and species differences were used. We compared the performance of this combination with geometric morphometric data in a linear discriminate function analysis, linear measurements in a linear discriminate function analysis, and a preexisting methodology from the literature that incorporates linear measurements and a two‐layered discriminate function analysis. Across datasets, geometric morphometric data in a multilayer perceptron tended to yield modest accuracies but accuracies that varied less across species whereas other methods were able to achieve higher accuracies in some species at the expense of lower accuracies in others. Further, the performance of the two‐layered discriminate function analysis illustrates that constraining what material is classified can increase the accuracy of a method. Based on this tradeoff, the best methodology will then depend on the scope of the study and the amount of material available. J. Morphol. 278:131–141, 2017. ©© 2016 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
Broadband scalable compact circuit model for on‐chip spiral inductors by neural network
Authors: Han Bo , Shi Xiaofeng , Li Jun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA scalable model combining the advantages of the compact model and space‐mapping neural network (SMNN) has been presented to characterize radio‐frequency behaviors of on‐chip spiral inductors. The physics‐based T equivalent circuit model has been used for constructing the proposed scalable SMNN model. All values of the T model elements are fast and accurately extracted based on the mathematical formulations derived by analyzing the resonant responses. A 4‐layer perceptron neural network has been applied for the space mapping of the T model and the measurement data. Compared with the conventional models of on‐chip spiral inductors, the proposed SMNN model not only preserves the accuracy of measurement data but also runs as fast as an approximate compact model. The presented SMNN model has been verified by a series of octagon spiral inductors fabricated by 130‐nm BiCMOS process of HHNEC. Excellent agreements are obtained between the measurement and simulation of the proposed SMNN model up to 40 GHz.
Where there is light, there is dark: A review of the detrimental outcomes of high organizational identification
Authors: Conroy Samantha , Henle Christine A. , Shore Lynn , Stelman Samantha 
Published: November 2016

SummaryAn extensive body of research on organizational identification has developed over the last 25 years. This work has typically taken the view that organizational identification is good for individuals and organizations. However, the underlying social identity processes of organizational identification do not suggest that only positive outcomes should be expected. We review the work addressing organizational identification's dark side. Our review suggests that organizational identification can lead to unethical behaviors, resistance to organizational change, lower performance, interpersonal conflict, negative emotions, and reduced well‐being. Conditions facilitating these undesirable outcomes include situation factors (e.g., identity threats, work characteristics) and person factors (e.g., morality, other identifications). By providing a counterpoint to the generally positive approach to organizational identification, we attempt to move the literature toward a more balanced view. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.