bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manifestations of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: The Experience of a Provincial Clinic
Authors: Wilbur Colin , Sanguansermsri Chinnuwat , Chable Hedi , Anghelina Mihaela , Peinhof Sharon , Anderson Kelly , Steinbok Paul , Singhal Ash , Datta Anita , Connolly Mary B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground:Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurocutaneous disorder with a wide spectrum of manifestations. Recent consensus recommendations stress the importance of multidisciplinary management of children with TSC. The objective of this study was to examine the manifestations of TSC at a large referral centre to determine the care needs of this population.Methods:A retrospective, systematic chart review was performed of children with TSC managed at British Columbia Children’s Hospital. Patients were identified through epilepsy and clinical neurophysiology databases.Results:The study population comprised 81 patients, born between 1987 and 2014, who were a median of 10 years (range, 0.2-23.2) at most recent follow-up. Epilepsy occurred in 91% of patients, including 32% with a history of infantile spasms. Nineteen patients underwent epilepsy surgery, nine (47%) of whom were seizure-free at most recent follow-up. Overall, 61% of epilepsy patients had been seizure-free for at least 1 year at the time of last follow-up. Neuropsychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 49% of children, with autism (25%), attention deficit hyperactivity order (19%) and anxiety (16%) being the most common. Cardiac rhabdomyomata occurred in 35% of children and renal angiomyolipomas were seen in 43%. A total of 91% had skin manifestations.Conclusion:This study outlines the multisystem manifestations of TSC, observed through a large pediatric referral center. Epilepsy and neuropsychiatric disorders are the major source of morbidity in this age group and provide many challenges to the treating clinician. Because a subset of the study population is still quite young, the prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders is likely underestimated.
Generation of high-contrast, joule-level pulses based on Nd:glass chirped pulse amplification laser
Authors: Lu Xiaoming , Peng Yujie , Li Yanyan , Wang Xinliang , Guo Xiaoyang , Xu Yi , Leng Yuxin 
Published: December 2016

We demonstrate a high-contrast, joule-level Nd:glass laser system operating at 0.5 Hz repetition rate based on a double chirped pulse amplification (CPA) scheme. By injecting high-contrast, high-energy seed pulses into the Nd:glass CPA stage, the pulse energy is amplified to 1.9 J through two optical parametric CPA stages and two Nd:glass amplifiers. The temporal contrast of compressed pulse is measured down to the level of$10^{-8}$at tens of ps, and$10^{-10}$near 200 ps before the main pulse, respectively.
Evolutionarily distinct “living fossils” require both lower speciation and lower extinction rates
Authors: Bennett Dominic J. , Sutton Mark D. , Turvey Samuel T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAs a label for a distinct category of life, “living fossil” is controversial. The term has multiple definitions, and it is unclear whether the label can be genuinely used to delimit biodiversity. Even taking a purely phylogenetic perspective in which a proxy for the living fossil is evolutionary distinctness (ED), an inconsistency arises: Does it refer to “dead-end” lineages doomed to extinction or “panchronic” lineages that survive through multiple epochs? Recent tree-growth model studies indicate that speciation rates must have been unequally distributed among species in the past to produce the shape of the tree of life. Although an uneven distribution of speciation rates may create the possibility for a distinct group of living fossil lineages, such a grouping could only be considered genuine if extinction rates also show a consistent pattern, be it indicative of dead-end or panchronic lineages. To determine whether extinction rates also show an unequal distribution, we developed a tree-growth model in which the probability of speciation and extinction is a function of a tip’s ED. We simulated thousands of trees in which the ED function for a tip is randomly and independently determined for speciation and extinction rates. We find that simulations in which the most evolutionarily distinct tips have lower rates of speciation and extinction produce phylogenetic trees closest in shape to empirical trees. This implies that a distinct set of lineages with reduced rates of diversification, indicative of a panchronic definition, is required to create the shape of the tree of life.
Population dynamics of rice planthoppers,Nilaparvata lugensandSogatella furcifera(Hemiptera, Delphacidae) in Central Vietnam and its effects on their spring migration to China
Authors: Hu G. , Lu M.-H. , Tuan H.A. , Liu W.-C. , Xie M.-C. , McInerney C.E. , Zhai B.-P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRice planthopper (RPH) populations ofNilaparvata lugensandSogatella furciferaperiodically have erupted across Asia. Predicting RPH population dynamics and identifying their source areas are crucial for the management of these migratory pests in China, but the origins of the migrants to temperate and subtropical regions in China remains unclear. In particular, their early migration to China in March and April have not yet been explored due to a lack of research data available from potential source areas, Central Vietnam and Laos. In this study, we examined the population dynamics and migratory paths ofN. lugensandS. furciferain Vietnam and South China in 2012 and 2013. Trajectory modeling showed that in March and April in 2012 and 2013, RPH emigrated from source areas in Central Vietnam where rice was maturing to the Red River Delta and South China. Early migrants originated from Southern Central Vietnam (14–16°N), but later most were from Northern Central Vietnam (16–19°N). Analysis of meteorological and light-trap data from Hepu in April (1977–2013) using generalized linear models showed that immigration increased with precipitation in Southern Central Vietnam in January, but declined with precipitation in Northern Central Vietnam in January. These results determined that the RPH originate from overwintering areas in Central Vietnam, but not from southernmost areas of Vietnam. Winter precipitation, rather than temperature was the most important factor determining the number of RPH migrants. Based on their similar population dynamics and low population densities in Central Vietnam, we further speculated that RPH migrate to track ephemeral food resources whilst simultaneously avoiding predators. Migrations do not seem to be initiated by interspecific competition, overcrowding or host deterioration. Nevertheless,S. furciferaestablishes populations earlier thanN. lugensSouth China, perhaps to compensate for interspecific competition. We provide new information that could assist with forecasting outbreaks and implementing control measures against these migratory pests.
Stylizing the preacher: Preaching, performance, and the comedy of Richard Pryor
Authors: Britt Erica 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article illustrates the ‘moving parts’ involved in the stylization of the voice of the Black preacher in the comedic performances of Richard Pryor with the ultimate goal of uncovering what these linguistic features help the performer to accomplish in interaction. Overall, while Pryor often utilizes hyperbolic and exaggerated features of Black preaching traditions and potentially Southern-inflected speaking styles in his performances, I argue that he engages in a type of linguistic subterfuge, blending elements of his own voice into a more favorable depiction of a witty, street-wise preacher. In fact, stretches of working-class speech, whose features overlap considerably with Pryor's ‘stage voice’, may blur the line between Pryor's ‘own’ personal stance and that of the preacher that he is constructing. (Black preachers, performance, stylization, comedy, African American English)*
Can skeletomotor action integration occur without consciousness? Evidence from unconscious action inhibition
Authors: Ayars Alisabeth 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMorsella et al. claim that consciousness functions to integrate incompatible skeletal muscle intentions. Their primary cases of conscious skeletomotor integration involve action suppression, such as holding one's breath underwater, which requires suppressing the urge to inhale. This indicates that the authors seem to think action inhibition counts as the relevant kind of integration. I suggest that there is reason to think this kind of inhibition can occur unconsciously via unconscious inhibitory mechanisms. Unconscious inhibition therefore potentially undermines the authors' thesis. If cases of unconscious inhibition are not instances of integration, then the authors should clarify exactly what counts as integration.
Consciousness around the time of saccadic eye movements
Authors: Bridgeman Bruce 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDuring saccadic eye movements, the job of the nervous system is not to perceive a change in stimulation from the receptors, but to prevent a change from reaching consciousness. These movements occupy an intermediate range between actions that are almost always conscious, such as finger movements, and those that are never conscious, such as the smooth-muscle actions of the digestive system. Consciousness in this context requires attention to the consequences of an action.
Calling for a developmental perspective on action-based consciousness
Authors: D'Souza Hana , Bremner Andrew J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHuman newborns can resolve some response conflicts in order to adapt their behaviour, suggesting that the newborn has consciousness according to Morsella et al.'s framework. However, we pose a range of developmental questions regarding Morsella et al.'s account, especially concerning the role of consciousness in the development of action.
An “ecological” action-based synthesis
Authors: de Vries Jonathan , Ward Lawrence M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe expand upon Morsella et al.'s synthesis in the direction of what Gibson (1979) called an ecological approach to perception. Morsella et al. describe consciousness as a director of voluntary action, but they understate the role of the environment in its evolution as well as in directing behavior. We elaborate these roles in the context of the concept of affordances.
Getting back from the basics: What is the role for attention and fronto-parietal circuits in consciousness?
Authors: Dux Paul E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMorsella et al. present a novel theory of consciousness which is more “low-level, circumscribed, counterintuitive, and passive” than previous accounts. There is much to like about this approach. However, what are the explanatory costs associated with these characteristics? In particular, how does this low-level and passive theory accommodate evidence for top-down attention being necessary (but not sufficient) for visual consciousness?
Conflicts everywhere! Perceptions, actions, and cognition all entail memory and reflect conflict
Authors: Jordan Jerome S. , Vinson David W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMorsella et al. assert that the function of consciousness is to determine which of many competing action options is expressed through the skeletomuscular system at any given moment. The present commentary addresses this issue from the first-person perspective and agrees with Morsella and colleagues, yet further proposes that the option-selection function of consciousness plays out in cognition as well.
Consciousness for perception and for action: A perspective from unconscious binding
Authors: Lin Zhicheng 
Published: December 2016

AbstractI argue that the scope and strength of unconscious perception have been overestimated in extant theories. I describe an unconscious binding perspective, and how in conjunction with rigorous methodology it can guide the delineation of unconscious processing. Under this perspective, the function of consciousness is to increase the saliency of conscious contents by facilitating the deployment of focal attention.
The primary (dis)function of consciousness: (Non)Integration
Authors: Mudrik Liad 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMorsella et al. put forward an interesting theory about the functions of consciousness. However, I argue that this theory is more about showing what is not the function of consciousness, and claiming that it does not integrate, than vice versa – as opposed to its proclaimed goal. In addition, the question of phenomenality and its relations with integration is still left open.
Human consciousness is fundamental for perception and highest emotions
Authors: Perlovsky Leonid 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHave Morsella et al. examined the fundamentals of consciousness? An experiment by Bar et al. (2006) has demonstrated the fundamental aspects of conscious and unconscious mechanisms of perception. The mental representations are not crisp and conscious like the perceived objects are, but vague and unconscious. This experiment points to the fundamental function of the neural mechanisms of consciousness in perception. Consciousness is also fundamental for the highest emotions.
Infer yourself: Interoception and internal “action” in conscious selfhood
Authors: Seth Anil K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCan consciousness be understood through an association with voluntary skeletomotor action selection? Although flexible and integrated action selection is a plausible function for consciousness, a narrow focus on skeletomotor control neglects the contributions to conscious selfhood and subjectivity that rest on interoception and autonomic regulation (internal “action”). I consider these issues from the perspective of predictive processing.
Passive frame theory: A new synthesis
Authors: Morsella Ezequiel , Godwin Christine A. , Jantz Tiffany K. , Krieger Stephen C. , Gazzaley Adam 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPassive frame theory attempts to illuminate what consciousnessis, in mechanistic and functional terms; it does not address the “implementation” level of analysis (how neurons instantiate conscious states), an enigma for various disciplines. However, in response to the commentaries, we discuss how our framework provides clues regarding this enigma. In the framework, consciousness is passive albeit essential. Without consciousness, there would not be adaptive skeletomotor action.
Mental illness stigma and suicidality: the role of public and individual stigma
Authors: Oexle N. , Waldmann T. , Staiger T. , Xu Z. , Rüsch N. 
Published: December 2016

Aims.Suicide rates are increased among unemployed individuals and mental illness stigma can contribute to both unemployment and suicidality. Persons with mental illness perceive negative attitudes among the general public and experience discrimination in their everyday life (=public stigma components) potentially leading to self-stigma and anticipated discrimination (=individual stigma components). Previous research found evidence for an association between aspects of mental illness stigma and suicidality, but has not yet clarified the underlying pathways explaining how different stigma components interact and contribute to suicidal ideation.Method.Public and individual stigma components and their association with suicidal ideation were examined among 227 unemployed persons with mental illness. A path model linking public stigma components (experienced discrimination, perceived stigma) with suicidal ideation, mediated by individual stigma components (anticipated discrimination, self-stigma), was examined using structural equation modelling within Mplus.Results.Our sample was equally split in terms of gender, on average 43 years old and about half reported no suicidal ideation during the past 30 days. In bivariate analyses all stigma components were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. In the path model and controlling for symptoms, the association between experienced discrimination and suicidal ideation was fully mediated by anticipated discrimination and self-stigma. Perceived stigma's contribution to suicidal ideation was fully mediated by anticipated discrimination, but not by self-stigma.Conclusions.In general, programmes addressing multiple stigma components seem to be most effective in improving suicide prevention. Besides interventions targeting negative attitudes and discriminating behaviours of the general public, programmes to support persons with mental illness in coping with perceived and experienced stigma could improve suicide prevention. Future studies should test the short- and long-term effects of such interventions on suicidality and further investigate the role of stigma coping (e.g. secrecy) and emotional consequences (e.g. hopelessness and loneliness) for the association between stigma components and suicidality.
Fluid Intelligence and the Cross-Frequency Coupling of Neuronal Oscillations
Authors: Chuderski Adam 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSeveral existing theoretical models predict that the individual capacity of working memory and abstract reasoning (fluid intelligence) strongly depends on certain features of neuronal oscillations, especially their cross-frequency coupling. Empirical evidence supporting these predictions is still scarce, but it makes the future studies on oscillatory coupling a promising line of research that can uncover the physiological underpinnings of fluid intelligence. Cross-frequency coupling may serve as the optimal level of description of neurocognitive processes, integrating their genetic, structural, neurochemical, and bioelectrical underlying factors with explanations in terms of cognitive operations driven by neuronal oscillations.
Cooperating with the State: Evidence from Survey Experiments on Policing
Authors: Buckley Noah , Frye Timothy , Gehlbach Scott , McCarthy Lauren A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe examine cooperation with the state using a series of survey experiments on policing conducted in late 2011 in Moscow, Russia, where distrust of the state is high and attempts to reform the police have been ineffective. Through various vignettes that place respondents in situations in which they are the witness or victim of a crime, we experimentally manipulate crime severity, identity of the perpetrator (whether the crime is committed by a police officer), monetary rewards, appeals to civic duty, and the opportunity cost of time spent reporting. Of these factors, crime severity and identity of the perpetrator are robustly associated with a propensity to report. Our research design and results contribute to a large literature on cooperation with the state by examining variables that may be more salient or function differently in countries with weak institutions than in developed democracies.
Herausforderungen bei der Schätzung von Trends in Schulleistungsstudien
Authors: Robitzsch Alexander , Lüdtke Oliver , Köller Olaf , Kröhne Ulf , Goldhammer Frank , Heine Jörg-Henrik 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung. Internationale Schulleistungsstudien wie das Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) dienen den teilnehmenden Ländern zur Feststellung der Leistungsfähigkeit ihrer Schulsysteme. In PISA wird die Zielpopulation (15-jährige Schülerinnen und Schüler) alle 3 Jahre getestet. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind dabei die Trendinformationen, die für die Zielpopulation ausweisen, ob sich ihre Leistungen gegenüber denen aus früheren Erhebungen verändert haben. Um solche Trends valide interpretieren zu können, sollten die PISA-Erhebungen unter möglichst vergleichbaren Bedingungen durchgeführt und die verwendeten statistischen Verfahren vergleichbar bleiben. In PISA 2015 wurde erstmalig computerbasiert getestet; zuvor mittels Papier-und-Bleistift-Tests. Es wurde das Skalierungsmodell verändert und in den Naturwissenschaften wurden neue Aufgabenformate eingesetzt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag gehen wir anhand der nationalen PISA-Stichproben von 2000 bis 2015 der Frage nach, inwiefern der Wechsel des Testmodus und der Wechsel des Skalierungsmodells die Interpretation der Trendschätzungen beeinflussen. Die Analysen belegen, dass die Veränderung von Papier-und-Bleistift-Tests auf Computertestung die Trendschätzung für Deutschland verzerrt haben könnte.
Non-thermal hydrogen atoms in the terrestrial upper thermosphere
Authors: Qin Jianqi , Waldrop Lara 
Published: December 2016

AbstractModel predictions of the distribution and dynamical transport of hydrogen atoms in the terrestrial atmosphere have long-standing discrepancies with ultraviolet remote sensing measurements, indicating likely deficiencies in conventional theories regarding this crucial atmospheric constituent. Here we report the existence of non-thermal hydrogen atoms that are much hotter than the ambient oxygen atoms in the upper thermosphere. Analysis of satellite measurements indicates that the upper thermospheric hydrogen temperature, more precisely the mean kinetic energy of the atomic hydrogen population, increases significantly with declining solar activity, contrary to contemporary understanding of thermospheric behaviour. The existence of hot hydrogen atoms in the upper thermosphere, which is the key to reconciling model predictions and observations, is likely a consequence of low atomic oxygen density leading to incomplete collisional thermalization of the hydrogen population following its kinetic energization through interactions with hot atomic or ionized constituents in the ionosphere, plasmasphere or magnetosphere.
MEK inhibitors block growth of lung tumours with mutations in ataxia–telangiectasia mutated
Authors: Smida Michal , Fece de la Cruz Ferran , Kerzendorfer Claudia , Uras Iris Z. , Mair Barbara , Mazouzi Abdelghani , Suchankova Tereza , Konopka Tomasz , Katz Amanda M. , Paz Keren , Nagy-Bojarszky Katalin , Muellner Markus K. , Bago-Horvath Zsuzsanna , Haura Eric B. , Loizou Joanna I. , Nijman Sebastian M. B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, and effective treatments are urgently needed. Loss-of-function mutations in the DNA damage response kinase ATM are common in lung adenocarcinoma but directly targeting these with drugs remains challenging. Here we report that ATM loss-of-function is synthetic lethal with drugs inhibiting the central growth factor kinases MEK1/2, including the FDA-approved drug trametinib. Lung cancer cells resistant to MEK inhibition become highly sensitive upon loss of ATM both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ATM mediates crosstalk between the prosurvival MEK/ERK and AKT/mTOR pathways. ATM loss also enhances the sensitivity of KRAS- or BRAF-mutant lung cancer cells to MEK inhibition. Thus, ATM mutational status in lung cancer is a mechanistic biomarker for MEK inhibitor response, which may improve patient stratification and extend the applicability of these drugs beyond RAS and BRAF mutant tumours.
Detecting stoichiometry of macromolecular complexes in live cells using FRET
Authors: Ben-Johny Manu , Yue Daniel N. , Yue David T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe stoichiometry of macromolecular interactions is fundamental to cellular signalling yet challenging to detect from living cells. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful phenomenon for characterizing close-range interactions whereby a donor fluorophore transfers energy to a closely juxtaposed acceptor. Recognizing that FRET measured from the acceptor’s perspective reports a related but distinct quantity versus the donor, we utilize the ratiometric comparison of the two to obtain the stoichiometry of a complex. Applying this principle to the long-standing controversy of calmodulin binding to ion channels, we find a surprising Ca2+-induced switch in calmodulin stoichiometry with Ca2+ channels—one calmodulin binds at basal cytosolic Ca2+ levels while two calmodulins interact following Ca2+ elevation. This feature is curiously absent for the related Na channels, also potently regulated by calmodulin. Overall, our assay adds to a burgeoning toolkit to pursue quantitative biochemistry of dynamic signalling complexes in living cells.