bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male sexual competitiveness of two Ceratitis capitata strains, tsl Vienna 8 and OX3864A transgenics, in field cage conditions
Authors: Virginio Jair F. , Gómez Maylen , Pinto Aline M. , Aniely Gessyca G. , Paranhos Beatriz J. , Gava Carlos A.T. , Cáceres Carlos , Walder Júlio M.M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe success of the sterile insect technique (SIT) depends on the ability of sterile males to compete effectively with wild males to mate with wild females. This study compared the sexual competitiveness and other behavioral parameters of males of two strains of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), tsl Vienna 8 (tsl V‐8) and the transgenic line OX3864A, in competition with wild males from the São Francisco Valley region in Bahia, Brazil. Mating events were observed in field cages containing virgin, sexually mature insects as follows: 50 wild females (10–12 days old), 50 wild males (8–10 days old), and either 50 tsl V‐8 sterile males (5 days old) or 50 transgenic males (3–4 days old). In addition to scoring male type for each mating event, we also monitored the location of mating events within the tree canopy, mating duration, and mating latency. The proportion of females that mated did not differ between the two competition scenarios tested (tsl V‐8 vs. wild males: 0.65 ± 0.04; transgenic vs. wild males: 0.64 ± 0.03). Relative sterility index did not differ between sterile (0.34 ± 0.04) and transgenic males (0.31 ± 0.03). The latency period was significantly longer for transgenic males (84.90 ± 4.87 min) than for sterile (65.24 ± 4.65 min) and wild males (66.61 ± 2.66 min). Mating events involving the three strains occurred in the same area of the tree, i.e., mid‐height, in the central sector and on leaf undersurfaces. The mean duration of mating events involving sterile (94.1 ± 3.59 min) and transgenic males (81.1 ± 3.54 min) were both significantly shorter than for wild males (123.3 ± 1.93 min). Further investigation is suggested to assess other behavioral parameters, such as the amount of sperm transferred by transgenic males, their ability to disperse and survive in the field conditions, and their capacity to prevent females remating with wild males, in order to determine the potential of this transgenic strain for inclusion in the Brazilian SIT programs.
Gamma irradiation of the carob or date moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae: dose–response effects on egg hatch, fecundity, and survival
Authors: Chakroun Salwa , Rempoulakis Polychronis , Lebdi‐Grissa Kaouthar , Vreysen Marc J.B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe dose–response effects of gamma radiation on the carob or date moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were studied as a basic requirement for the initiation of an SIT/F1 sterility program. In this study, the effect of gamma radiation was determined on fecundity, egg hatch, longevity, and level of inherited sterility in the carob moth. Newly emerged virgin male and female carob moth adults were exposed to increasing irradiation doses (100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 Gy) to determine the effective dose of gamma rays capable of sterilizing male and female adults of the carob moth. Parental fecundity and longevity was affected by increasing irradiation dose. The results indicated that a dose of 350 Gy could completely sterilize carob moth males. No larvae hatched from eggs deposited by 300 Gy irradiated females. The data indicate that 300 Gy was the fully sterilizing dose for female and sub‐sterilizing dose for male carob moth. Radiation‐induced deleterious inherited effects in offspring from irradiated males and females were expressed as reduction in fecundity, egg hatch, longevity, and decreased adult emergence over subsequent generations.
Role of rock fragment cover on runoff generation and sediment yield in tilled vineyards
Authors: Rodrigo‐Comino J. , García‐Díaz A. , Brevik E. C. , Keestra S. D. , Pereira P. , Novara A. , Jordán A. , Cerdà A. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe soil in conventional Mediterranean vineyards is an active and non‐sustainable source of sediment and water. Lack of vegetation cover, small soil organic matter content and intense ploughing result in large rates of erosion in a millennia‐old tillage system. There is a need for soil conservation strategies that enable sustainability of wine and grape production; therefore, it is essential to measure the rates and to investigate the processes and factors of soil erosion. This study evaluated factors that can reduce soil losses in traditional Mediterranean vineyards. The investigation was carried out with 96 rainfall simulation experiments at the pedon scale (0.24 m2) to measure soil detachment and runoff yield under low frequency–high magnitude rainfall events of 1 hour at 55 mm hour−1. On average, runoff was 40.6% of the rainfall, and the rate of soil erosion (i.e. amount of soil lost) was 71.5 g m−2. The key factor controlling erosion was the rock fragment cover. There was a clear decrease in soil losses with increased rock fragment cover on the soil surface, but an increase in surface runoff. The results of our study showed that rock fragments at the pedon scale reduced soil erosion in Mediterranean vineyards, but when a layer of embedded rock fragments developed, large rates of runoff were triggered.Highlights
We investigated soil erosion factors in Mediterranean vineyards.
Rainfall simulation at the pedon scale achieved accurate measurements.
Rock fragment cover reduces soil losses.
Embedded rock fragment cover will trigger large runoff rates.
Mangrove crab uses victory display to “browbeat” losers from re‐initiating a new fight
Authors: Chen Paul Z. , Carrasco Roman L. , Ng Peter K. L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSignalling behaviour is integral to animal contests. However, post‐contest signals, such as victory displays, have received relatively little attention. One hypothesised function of victory displays is to ensure a more lasting dominance by reducing the risk of losers re‐initiating a new contest with winners. Despite several theoretical studies using game theory that support this hypothesis, empirical support for the understanding of when and why victory displays are used with respect to browbeating is lacking. We use a common South‐East Asian mangrove crab, Perisesarma eumolpe, to examine whether the performance of victory displays by winners, among other factors, affects the time of fight re‐initiation by losers, if at all re‐initiated. Using mixed‐effects survival analysis models, we analysed 77 fights from 27 staged contest trials between randomly paired males. We found losers that experienced victory display performed by winners, presented a decreased instantaneous hazard rate of re‐initiating a new fight than losers that did not. These results corroborate previous game theoretical models indicating that victory displays may function to reduce the chances of losers re‐initiating another fight. In discouraging losers from restarting a fight, winners reduce the potential costs of a future contest.
Mating plugs and sexual cannibalism in the Colombian orb‐web spiderLeucauge mariana
Authors: Hernández Linda , Aisenberg Anita , Molina Jorge 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInLeucaugeorb‐web spiders, females form mating plugs, which play a part in cryptic female choice after they evaluate male performance during courtship and mating. Our aim was to assess sexual behavior and mating plug formation ofLeucauge marianafrom Colombia (CO). We carried out mating trials to describe in detail courtship and mating behavior of sexual pairs from theCOpopulation, and then compared the results to previously collected data from a Costa Rican population (CR). In addition, we assessed the amount of sperm transferred during mating predict plug formation inCOpairs. AllCOvirgin females mated (n = 23), and mating plug formation occurred in only 11 cases (48%). In contrast, allCRvirgin females mated (n = 43) and 74% formed mating plugs. None of the male courtship or mating behaviors that we measured inCOpairs predicted mating plug formation, in contrast to previous reports fromCR. Mating plugs ofCOconsisted of a matrix of unknown composition (77.2%) and encapsulated and decapsulated sperm (22.8%). InCR, plug composition varied in color and consistency, but also comprised a matrix with encapsulated and decapsulated sperm. We observed female cannibalism of males inCOpairs, which had never been reported inCRpairs. Some female displays during courtship and mating were unique to each population. Different female preferences could explain the observed geographic differences betweenL. marianain male traits and behaviors that could, in turn, promote reproductive isolation. More studies are needed to test this hypothesis.
Habitat complexity dampens selection on prey activity level
Authors: Keiser Carl N. , Ingley Spencer J. , Toscano Benjamin J. , Scharf Inon , Pruitt Jonathan N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractConspecific prey individuals often exhibit persistent differences in behavior (i.e., animal personality) and consequently vary in their susceptibility to predation. How this form of selection varies across environmental contexts is essential to predicting ecological and evolutionary dynamics, yet remains currently unresolved. Here, we use three separate predator–prey systems (sea star–snail, wolf spider–cricket, and jumping spider–cricket) to independently examine how habitat structural complexity influences the selection that predators impose on prey behavioral types. Prior to conducting staged predator–prey interaction encounters, we ran prey individuals through multiple behavioral assays to determine their average activity level. We then allowed individual predators to interact with groups of prey in either open or structurally complex habitats and recorded the number and individual identity of prey that were eaten. Habitat complexity had no effect on overall predation rates in any of the three predator–prey systems. Despite this, we detected a pervasive interaction between habitat structure and individual prey activity level in determining individual prey survival. In open habitats, all predators imposed strong selection on prey behavioral types: sea stars preferentially consumed sedentary snails, while spiders preferentially consumed active crickets. Habitat complexity dampened selection within all three systems, equalizing the predation risk that active and sedentary prey faced. These findings suggest a general effect of habitat complexity that reduces the importance of prey activity level in determining individual predation risk. We reason this occurs because activity level (i.e., movement) is paramount in determining risk within open environments, whereas in complex habitats, other behavioral traits (e.g., escape ability to a refuge) may take precedence.
Transgenerational plasticity and climate change experiments: Where do we go from here?
Authors: Donelson Jennifer M. , Salinas Santiago , Munday Philip L. , Shama Lisa N. S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity, both within and across generations, is an important mechanism that organisms use to cope with rapid climate change. While an increasing number of studies show that plasticity across generations (transgenerational plasticity or TGP) may occur, we have limited understanding of key aspects of TGP, such as the environmental conditions that may promote it, its relationship to within‐generation plasticity (WGP) and its role in evolutionary potential. In this review, we consider how the detection of TGP in climate change experiments is affected by the predictability of environmental variation, as well as the timing and magnitude of environmental change cues applied. We also discuss the need to design experiments that are able to distinguish TGP from selection and TGP from WGP in multigenerational experiments. We conclude by suggesting future research directions that build on the knowledge to date and admit the limitations that exist, which will depend on the way environmental change is simulated and the type of experimental design used. Such an approach will open up this burgeoning area of research to a wider variety of organisms and allow better predictive capacity of the role of TGP in the response of organisms to future climate change.
Changes in the area of permanent grassland and its implications for the provision of bioenergy: Slovakia as a case study
Authors: Kizeková M. , Hopkins A. , Kanianska R. , Makovníková J. , Pollák Š. , Pálka B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThroughout Europe, grasslands are managed primarily for agricultural production but also provide a range of ecosystem services, the magnitude of which is influenced by their area, management and the abiotic properties of the ecosystem. The grassland area in Europe has been affected by significant changes in recent decades, including abandonment and conversion to arable land. This study presents an assessment of changes in the permanent grassland area with reference to Slovakia and provides an assessment of the bioenergy potential of permanent grassland surplus to agricultural needs. In 2015, of the total permanent grassland area (868,000 ha) 42% had ceased to be used as feed for milk or meat production and had been abandoned. Results from field experiments show that low‐level improvement of permanent grasslands, e.g., by oversowing commonly sown agricultural grassland species and low‐dose fertilization (up to 30 kg N ha−1 year−1) could provide herbage biomass of 1.7 million tonnes of herbage dry matter per year. This would be sufficient to generate an energy output of approximately 31.3–31.9 PJ/year (4.5% of the current gross inland energy consumption of Slovakia). Low‐intensity use of the currently surplus permanent grassland is also considered to have potential beneficial outcomes in terms of delivery of ecosystem services. Results are also discussed in the context of countries beyond the case‐study area.
Regenerative medicine: Stroke survivor and carer views and motivations towards a proposed stem cell clinical trial using placebo neurosurgery
Authors: Cunningham Nicola A. , Abhyankar Purva , Cowie Julie , Galinsky Jayne , Methven Karen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundFew studies explore stroke survivor views and motivations towards stem cell therapy (SCT). This qualitative study explores the views and motivations of both stroke survivors and their partners/carers towards a proposed 2‐arm Phase III Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) comparing intracerebral insertion of stem cells with placebo neurosurgery in stroke survivors with disability.ObjectiveTo explore views and motivations towards a proposed 2‐arm stem cell trial and identify factors that may impede and enhance participation.DesignThis study adopts a naturalistic design to explore the complexity of this field, employing a participatory action‐research approach comprising a specialized Conversation (World) Café form of focus group. Data were collected via 5 Conversation Cafés with stroke survivors (age 40‐75) and partners/carers between June and October 2016. Of 66 participants, 53 (31 male, 22 female) were stroke survivors and 13 (6 female, 7 male) were partners/carers. Qualitative data were analysed using a thematic approach.Discussion and ConclusionStroke survivor views and motivations reflect anticipation of the personal and future benefits of regenerative medicine. Partners/carers sought to balance the value of stroke survivor hope with carrying the weight of hope as carer, a conflict burden adding to known caregiver burden. All participants expressed the need for during and post‐trial psychological support. This study provides a rare opportunity to explore the prospective views and motivations of stroke survivors and their partners/carers towards a proposed Phase III 2‐arm RCT. This adds weight to qualitative evidence exploring capacity, consent, decision making, perceptions of treatment risk and supports required for clinical trial participation.
Cleaning of used rotary nickel‐titanium files in an ultrasonic bath by locally intensified acoustic cavitation
Authors: Bryson L. M. , Fernandez Rivas D. , Boutsioukis C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimTo compare the pre‐sterilization cleaning of rotary Ni‐Ti files of different sizes previously used a. ex vivo and b. clinically by a washer–disinfector, a regular ultrasonic bath, and the same ultrasonic bath in combination with a recently developed cavitation intensifying method.MethodologyTwo sets of two hundred rotary Ni‐Ti files, one previously used ex vivo and another one used clinically, were collected from the undergraduate and postgraduate clinics of the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA). The instruments were immersed in an enzymatic solution and subsequently cleaned either by a washer–disinfector, a regular ultrasonic bath combined with a glass beaker, the same bath combined with a beaker lined with two cavitation intensifying sheets or with two standard plastic sheets. The positive control consisted of used files that did not undergo any cleaning and the negative control included new unused files. The instruments were then stained to reveal remaining protein material and scored under a stereoscopic microscope. The results were analysed by nonparametric statistical tests (α = 0.05).ResultsNo significant difference was found between the combination of the ultrasonic bath and the regular glass beaker and the same ultrasonic bath with the beaker lined with the cavitation intensifying sheets. The washer–disinfector left significantly more debris compared to the latter group when clinically used files were evaluated (P ≤ 0.001). The effect of instrument size on cleaning was not consistent.ConclusionNone of the tested methods was able to remove all residual protein material from the files; however, it could be noted that this study did not follow the reprocessing protocol provided by the manufacturer.
A new system for classifying tooth, root and canal anomalies
Authors: Ahmed H. M. A. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the normal anatomical features as well as the more unusual developmental anomalies of teeth, roots and root canals is essential for successful root canal treatment. In addition to various types of root canal configuration and accessory canal morphology, a wide range of developmental tooth, root and canal anomalies exists, including C‐shaped canals, dens invaginatus, taurodontism, root fusion, dilacerations and palato‐gingival grooves. There is a direct association between developmental anomalies and pulp and periradicular diseases that usually require a multidisciplinary treatment approach to achieve a successful outcome. A number of classifications have categorized tooth, root and canal anomalies; however, several important details are often missed making the classifications less than ideal and potentially confusing. Recently, a new coding system for classifying root, root canal and accessory canal morphology has been introduced. The purpose of this article is to introduce a new system for classifying tooth, root and canal anomalies for use in research, clinical practice and training, which can serve as complementary codes to the recently described system for classifying root, as well as main and accessory canal morphology.
On the effect of tribo‐corrosion on reciprocating scratch behaviors of phosphate laser glass
Authors: He Hongtu , Yu Jiaxin , Ye Jiahao , Zhang Yafeng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUsing a reciprocating ball‐on‐flat tribometer, the friction and wear behaviors of phosphate laser (PL) glass were investigated in dry air and liquid water to reveal the effect of tribo‐corrosion on the reciprocating scratch behaviors of PL glass. In this regard, material removal and (sub)surface cracking of PL glass were studied by comparing the absence/presence of water under reciprocating scratch conditions. It was found that regardless of applied load conditions, material removal volume in water was higher than the test in dry air, suggesting that the tribo‐corrosion (shear stress‐assisted hydrolysis) accelerated the material removal of PL glass in water. In contrast, surface and subsurface cracking at the contact region of PL glass in water were weaker than the test in dry air, and stress‐corrosion and tribo‐corrosion alone cannot explain the suppressed cracking in water. It was suggested that liquid water acted as a lubricant during friction, which reduced the shear stress on glass substrate to weaken glass cracking. The results provide new insights into the scratch behavior of glass materials, which would be useful in understanding the contact damage mechanism of glass materials in the presence of water.
Managing exercise with another highly valued and conflicting leisure time goal
Authors: Blouin Jocelyn E. , Gyurcsik Nancy C. 
Published: October 2017

Research has identified concurrent self‐regulatory efficacy as a consistent exercise predictor when adults pursue another non‐exercise leisure time goal. Although intergoal conflict is an inconsistent exercise predictor, prior research did not ensure that goals were sufficiently highly valued to truly conflict. Other possible exercise predictors have not been examined among concurrent goals. The purpose was to examine whether intergoal conflict and outcome expectations (likelihood; value) predicted moderate‐vigorous exercise over 1 month, beyond concurrent self‐regulatory efficacy, when adults held highly valued, conflicting exercise and non‐exercise goals concurrently. Eighty‐seven adult exercisers pursuing highly valued and conflicting exercise and non‐exercise goals completed online surveys assessing (1) concurrent self‐regulatory efficacy, intergoal conflict, and outcome expectations at Time 1 and (2) exercise over the prior month at Time 2. A hierarchical multiple regression (R2 adjusted = 0.24, p < .001) revealed intergoal conflict and outcome expectations accounted for a significant additional 13% of exercise variance, beyond self‐regulatory efficacy. Future research should examine these social cognitions across adults who vary in their exercise levels (i.e., beginner, irregular, regular exercisers). Valuable information about which social cognitions should be targeted to improve exercise levels among each group to that of regular exercisers would result.
Pressure‐dependent Raman modes near the cubic‐tetragonal transition in strontium titanate
Authors: Kiraci Ali , Yurtseven Hamit 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe pressure dependence of the Raman frequency shifts of various Raman modes is calculated at room temperature using the volume data from the literature for the cubic‐tetragonal transition in SrTiO3. The isothermal mode Grüneisen parameters of those Raman modes are obtained, which decrease with increasing pressure for this molecular crystal. Calculated Raman frequencies are then used to predict the damping constant and the inverse relaxation time of those Raman modes as a function of pressure by means of the pseudospin‐phonon (PS) coupled model and the energy fluctuation (EF) model to describe the cubic‐tetragonal transition in SrTiO3. Also, the values of the activation energy are extracted for the Raman modes studied using both models (PS and EF). Our predicted damping constant and the inverse relaxation time for the Raman modes, can be compared with the experimental measurements close to the cubic‐tetragonal transition in SrTiO3.