bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels: a review on the interaction between CO2 and the liquid electrolyte
Authors: Sharma Pranav P. , Zhou Xiao‐Dong 
Published: February 2017

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide using renewable energy resources can potentially accomplish the carbon‐neutral energy cycle while synthesizing fuels simultaneously. CO2 electrocatalysis typically requires the presence of protons in a liquid electrolyte, which acts as a possible cocatalyst for CO2 conversion to fuels. However, the following fundamental questions remain: (1) How does the interaction between CO2 and liquid electrolyte influence CO2 electrocatalysis? (2) How does the selectivity toward products from CO2 reduction depend upon the choice of electrolyte? In this review article, we emphasize on the interaction between CO2 and the liquid electrolyte, in order to find answers to these questions. Specifically, the nature of interactions along with the structures of solvated molecules for CO2 in water, organic solvents and ionic liquids are discussed. Finally, relevant questions are proposed which need to be studied carefully in order to gain a deeper understanding of CO2 electrocatalysis. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e239. doi: 10.1002/wene.239This article is categorized under:

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Climate and Environment
Reduced production of diacetyl by overexpressing BDH2 gene and ILV5 gene in yeast of the lager brewers with one ILV2 allelic gene deleted
Authors: Shi Ting-Ting , Li Ping , Chen Shi-Jia , Chen Ye-Fu , Guo Xue-Wu , Xiao Dong-Guang 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Diacetyl causes an unwanted buttery off-flavor in lager beer. The production of diacetyl is reduced by modifying the metabolic pathway of yeast in the beer fermentation process. In this study, BDH2 and ILV5 genes, coding diacetyl reductase and acetohydroxy acid reductoisomerase, respectively, were expressed using a PGK1 promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which deleted one ILV2 allelic gene. Diacetyl contents and fermentation performances were examined and compared. Results showed that the diacetyl content in beer was remarkably reduced by 16.52% in QI2-KP (one ILV2 allelic gene deleted), 55.65% in QI2-B2Y (overexpressed BDH2 gene and one ILV2 allelic gene deleted), and 69.13% in QI2-I5Y (overexpressed ILV5 gene and one ILV2 allelic gene deleted) compared with the host strain S2. The fermentation ability of mutant strains was similar to that of S2. Results of the present study can lead to further advances in this technology and its broad application in scientific investigations and industrial beer production.
Study of CD4+, CD8+, and natural killer cells (CD16+, CD56+) in children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: El-Rashedi Farida Hussein , El-Hawy Mahmoud Ahmed , Helwa Mohamed Ahmed , Abd-Allah Sameh Said 
Published: February 2017

Objective/background:
To assess the percentage of CD4+, CD8+, and natural killer cells (CD16+, CD56+) in children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) at presentation and study their impact on disease chronicity.

Methods:
This case-control study was conducted at the Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Menoufia University Hospital (tertiary care center in Egypt). The study was held on 30 children presenting with ITP; they were followed-up and classified into two groups: 15 children with acute ITP; and 15 children with chronic ITP. Patients were compared to a group of 15 healthy children of matched age and sex. Measurements of CD4+, CD8+, and natural killer cells (CD16+, CD56+) by flow cytometry were assessed and compared in these groups.

Results:
CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were significantly lower in acute and chronic patients than the control group (p <0.05 and p <0.001, respectively), with no significant difference between acute and chronic patients (p > 0.05). However, CD8+ was significantly higher in acute and chronic patients than the control group (p < 0.05), with no significant difference between acute and chronic patients (p > 0.05). Natural killer cell percent was significantly lower in acute patients than the control group (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between chronic and control groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:
ITP is associated with immunity dysfunction denoted by the increase in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the decrease in natural killer cells.
Meilleures constantes dans le théorème d’inclusion de Sobolev
Authors: Hebey Emmanuel , Vaugon Michel 
Published: February 2017

In 1976, Aubin stated the following conjecture: for any compact riemannian manifold of dimension

N≥ 3

, the best constant corresponding to the imbedding of

H_1

in

L^{2N/(N−2)}

is attained. We prove that the conjecture is true.

Résumé

En 1976, Aubin énonçait la conjecture suivante : pour toute variété riemannienne compacte de dimension

N≥ 3

, la meilleure constante de l’inclusion de

H_1

dans

L^{2N/(N−2)}

est atteinte. On montre que la conjecture est vraie.
On subsemigroups of semisimple Lie groups
Authors: Kupka I.A.K. , El Assoudi R. , Gauthier J.P. 
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we consider a real connected semisimple Lie group

G

and ask whether or not a subset

S

of

G

generates

G

as a semigroup. We deal with the special case where

S

is infinitesimally generated, i.e.,

S =\{\mathrm{exp}\,t X|X \in \Sigma, t \in \mathbb{R}_+\}

for some subset

\Sigma

of

L

, the Lie algebra of

G

. In the case where

\Sigma

is a symmetric subset of

L

(i.e.,

\Sigma = −\Sigma

), this is equivalent to the fact that

S

generates

G

as a group. It is also known, by an old result of Kuranishi, that

S

generates

G

as soon as

\Sigma

is a symmetric subset of

L

of the form

{\pm X, \pm Y}

for generic pairs

(X, Y)

in

L \times L

. In the case where

\Sigma = {X, Y}

, almost nothing is known, except in the compact case where Kuranishi’s result still holds. We deal with the intermediate case where

\Sigma = {X, \pm Y}

. This case is specially important in control theory, where such sets

\Sigma

apear naturally through control systems of the “classical control-affine form

\dot{x} = X(x) + u Y(x)

”.

A theorem is proven, which is the final form of several results in a series of papers of all of the authors. This theorem improves on all these results.

Résumé

Dans cet article, on considère un groupe de Lie réel connexe semi-simple

G

et on se demande quand est-ce qu’une partie

S

de

G

engendre

G

en tant que semigroupe. On s’intéresse au cas particulier où

S

est infinitésimalement engendré, i.e.,

S =

{

\mathrm{exp}\,t X|X \in \Sigma, t \in \mathbb{R}_+

}, par une partie

\Sigma

de

L

, l’algèbre de Lie de

G

. Dans le cas οù

\Sigma

est une partie symétrique de

L

(i.e.,

\Sigma = −\Sigma

) ceci est équivalent au fait que

S

engendre

G

comme un groupe. On sait, par un résultat de Kuranishi, que

S

engendre

G

dès que

\Sigma

est une partie symétrique de la forme

{\pm X, \pm Y}

pour une paire générique dans

L \times L

. Dans le cas οù

\Sigma = {X, Y}

, on ne sait presque rien sauf dans le cas compact où le résultat de Kuranishi est toujours vrai. On s’intéresse au cas intermédiaire où

\Sigma = {X, \pm Y}

. Ce cas est particulièrement important dans la théorie du contrôle (systèmes affines classiques du type

\dot{x} = X(x) + u Y(x)

.

Un théorème est démontré. Il est la forme finale de certains résultats d’une série d’articles des auteurs. Ce théorème implique tous les résultats précédents.
On the Ginzburg-Landau energy with weight
Authors: Lefter Cătălin , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. 
Published: February 2017

This paper gives a solution to an open problem raised by Bethuel, Brezis and Hélein. We study the Ginzburg–Landau energy with weight. We find the expression of the renormalized energy and we show that the finite configuration of singularities of the limit is a minimum point of this functional. We find a vanishing gradient type property and then we obtain the renormalized energy by Bethuel, Brezis and Hélein’s shrinking holes method.

Résumé
Ce travail donne la solution d’un problème ouvert de Bethuel, Brezis et Hélein. On étudie l’énergie de Ginzburg–Landau avec poids. Nous trouvons l’expression de l’énergie renormalisée et on prouve que la configuration finie des singularités de la limite est un point de minimum pour cette fonctionnelle. Nous montrons une propriété du type « vanishing gradient » et on obtient ensuite l’énergie renormalisée avec la méthode « shrinking holes » de Bethuel, Brezis et Hélein.
On the existence of homoclinic solutions for almost periodic second order systems
Authors: Serra Enrico , Tarallo Massimo , Terracini Susanna 
Published: February 2017

In this paper we prove the existence of at least one homoclinic solution for a second order Lagrangian system, where the potential is an almost periodic function of time. This result generalizes existence theorems known to hold when the dependence on time of the potential is periodic. The method is of a variational nature, solutions being found as critical points of a suitable functional. The absence of a group of symmetries for which the functional is invariant (as in the case of periodic potentials) is replaced by the study of problems “at infinity” and a suitable use of a property introduced by E. Séré.

Résumé
Dans cet article on démontre l’existence d’une solution homocline pour un système Lagrangien du deuxième ordre où le potentiel dépend du temps d’une façon quasi périodique. Ce résultat généralise le cas où le potentiel est une fonction périodique du temps. La méthode utilisée est variationnelle, les solutions étant trouvées comme points critiques d’une fonctionnelle. L’absence d’un groupe de symétries pour lequel la fonctionnelle est invariante (comme dans le cas des potentiels périodiques) est remplacée par l’étude des points critiques « à l’infini » et par une propriété introduite par E. Séré.
Conserving Atlantic salmon ‘after nature’ on Newfoundland's Gander river
Authors: DANIELS JENNIFER , MATHER CHARLES 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the history of Atlantic salmon conservation in Eastern Canada, with a specific emphasis on Newfoundland's Gander river. Conservation efforts for this iconic species begin in the late 1800s and continue through to the contemporary period. Our work is framed by current debates on the Anthropocene and its implications for environmental conservation. We identify two different historical phases in salmon conservation associated with different socio-ecological assemblages, and different conceptualizations of nature. Drawing on oral histories, we also reveal a third human–salmon entanglement associated with what we call the ‘wilful salmon’. The wilful salmon fits uneasily with the idea of conservation, and in some ways it seems contrary to conservation efforts. It is, nonetheless, a legitimate fish that deserves to be considered and evaluated in a world ‘after nature’.
Utility of 4D Flow mapping in Eisenmenger syndrome with pulmonary atresia
Authors: Romeih Soha , Aguib Heba , Yacoub Magdi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractManagement of patients with Eisenmenger syndrome with pulmonary atresia is challenging because of the complexity of the structure–function relationship of the components of the syndrome. Multi-modality imaging including cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) 4D Flow offers unprecedented opportunities to unravel, at least in part, some of these components, and thus help in the management of these patients. In this study, we describe the use of these integrated methods with particular reference to CMR 4D Flow in a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome and pulmonary atresia and outline both the utility and the limitations. A comprehensive cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) 4D Flow analysis was performed preoperatively and postoperatively, during peak systole, late systole, early diastole, and late diastole. The focus of the present study was to investigate the pattern of flow and dynamic changes at different levels of the aorta, as well as in the duct and the pulmonary arteries. Preoperatively, a right-handed helix and a vortex were observed in the dilated ascending aorta, and the duct flow was mainly dependent on reverse, upstream flow from the descending aorta, distal to the duct, during diastole, denoting low pulmonary vascular capacitance. Following repair, the flow in the ascending aorta and the descending aorta changed markedly. These changes included both timing and intensity of the right-handed helix, as well as the vortex in the ascending aorta. The significance of the observed changes in flow pattern and their influence on wall structure and function are discussed. Our study demonstrates the extremely powerful potential of CMR 4D Flow in the management of complex congenital anomalies.
Training in paediatric cardiac surgery: the history and role of training in a different country and even overseas
Authors: Elliott Martin J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a personal perspective on the value of training overseas in paediatric cardiac surgery. From personal experience and observation, I argue that travel does indeed broaden the mind and placing artificial constraints on movement of trainees is a negative move. We need to work with others, in other cultures to become rounded human beings. And to be an empathetic surgeon, you need to be a rounded human being.
Proteasome-associated deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 14 regulates prostate cancer proliferation by deubiquitinating and stabilizing androgen receptor
Authors: Liao Yuning , Liu Ningning , Hua Xianliang , Cai Jianyu , Xia Xiaohong , Wang Xuejun , Huang Hongbiao , Liu Jinbao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) is frequently over-expressed and plays a critical role in the growth and progression of human prostate cancer. The therapy attempting to target AR signalling was established in decades ago but the treatment of prostate cancer is far from being satisfactory. The assignable cause is that our understanding of the mechanism of AR regulation and re-activation remains incomplete. Increasing evidence suggests that deubiquitinases are involved in the regulation of cancer development and progression but the specific underlying mechanism often is not elucidated. In the current study, we have identified ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) as a novel regulator of AR, inhibiting the degradation of AR via deubiquitinating this oncoprotein in the androgen-responsive prostate cancer cells. We found that (i) USP14 could bind to AR, and additionally, both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of USP14 accelerated the ubiquitination and degradation of AR; (ii) downregulation or inhibition of USP14 suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation of LNcap cells and, conversely, overexpression of USP14 promoted the proliferation; and (iii) reduction or inhibition of USP14 induced G0/G1 phase arrest in LNcap prostate cancer cells. Hence, we conclude that USP14 promotes prostate cancer progression likely through stabilization of AR, suggesting that USP14 could be a promising therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
RIPK1/RIPK3 promotes vascular permeability to allow tumor cell extravasation independent of its necroptotic function
Authors: Hänggi Kay , Vasilikos Lazaros , Valls Aida Freire , Yerbes Rosario , Knop Janin , Spilgies Lisanne M , Rieck Kristy , Misra Tvisha , Bertin John , Gough Peter J , Schmidt Thomas , de Almodòvar Carmen Ruiz , Wong W Wei-Lynn 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNecroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death requiring receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, 3 (RIPK1, RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). The kinase of RIPK3 phosphorylates MLKL causing MLKL to form a pore-like structure, allowing intracellular contents to release and cell death to occur. Alternatively, RIPK1 and RIPK3 have been shown to regulate cytokine production directly influencing inflammatory immune infiltrates. Recent data suggest that necroptosis may contribute to the malignant transformation of tumor cells in vivo and we asked whether necroptosis may have a role in the tumor microenvironment altering the ability of the tumor to grow or metastasize. To determine if necroptosis in the tumor microenvironment could promote inflammation alone or by initiating necroptosis and thereby influencing growth or metastasis of tumors, we utilized a syngeneic tumor model of metastasis. Loss of RIPK3 in the tumor microenvironment reduced the number of tumor nodules in the lung by 46%. Loss of the kinase activity in RIPK1, a member of the necrosome also reduced tumor nodules in the lung by 38%. However, the loss of kinase activity in RIPK3 or the loss of MLKL only marginally altered the ability of tumor cells to form in the lung. Using bone marrow chimeras, the decrease in tumor nodules in the Ripk3−/− appeared to be due to the stromal compartment rather than the hematopoietic compartment. Transmigration assays showed decreased ability of tumor cells to transmigrate through the vascular endothelial layer, which correlated with decreased permeability in the Ripk3−/− mice after tumor injection. In response to permeability factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, RIPK3 null endothelial cells showed decreased p38/HSP27 activation. Taken together, our results suggest an alternative function for RIPK1/RIPK3 in vascular permeability leading to decreased number of metastasis.
Using quantum theory to simplify input–output processes
Authors: Thompson Jayne , Garner Andrew J. P. , Vedral Vlatko , Gu Mile 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAll natural things process and transform information. They receive environmental information as input, and transform it into appropriate output responses. Much of science is dedicated to building models of such systems—algorithmic abstractions of their input–output behavior that allow us to simulate how such systems can behave in the future, conditioned on what has transpired in the past. Here, we show that classical models cannot avoid inefficiency—storing past information that is unnecessary for correct future simulation. We construct quantum models that mitigate this waste, whenever it is physically possible to do so. This suggests that the complexity of general input–output processes depends fundamentally on what sort of information theory we use to describe them.
The Fecal Microbial Community of Breast-fed Infants from Armenia and Georgia
Authors: Lewis Zachery T , Sidamonidze Ketevan , Tsaturyan Vardan , Tsereteli David , Khachidze Nika , Pepoyan Astghik , Zhgenti Ekaterine , Tevzadze Liana , Manvelyan Anahit , Balayan Marine , Imnadze Paata , Torok Tamas , Lemay Danielle G. , Mills David A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMultiple factors help shape the infant intestinal microbiota early in life. Environmental conditions such as the presence of bioactive molecules from breast milk dictate gut microbial growth and survival. Infants also receive distinct, personalized, bacterial exposures leading to differential colonization. Microbial exposures and gut environmental conditions differ between infants in different locations, as does the typical microbial community structure in an infant’s gut. Here we evaluate potential influences on the infant gut microbiota through a longitudinal study on cohorts of breast-fed infants from the neighboring countries of Armenia and Georgia, an area of the world for which the infant microbiome has not been previously investigated. Marker gene sequencing of 16S ribosomal genes revealed that the gut microbial communities of infants from these countries were dominated by bifidobacteria, were different from each other, and were marginally influenced by their mother’s secretor status. Species-level differences in the bifidobacterial communities of each country and birth method were also observed. These community differences suggest that environmental variation between individuals in different locations may influence the gut microbiota of infants.
Significant survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced high-risk nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Liang Zhong-Guo , Chen Xiao-Qian , Lin Guo-Xiang , Yu Bin-Bin , Chen Kai-Hua , Zhong Qiu-Lu , Nong Si-Kai , Li Ling , Qu Song , Su Fang , Zhao Wei , Li Ye , Zhu Xiao-Dong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe present study aimed to define high-risk patients who may benefit from additional adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after concurrent chemotherapy in combination with intensity-modulated radiotherapy among patients with loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A cohort of 511 NPC patients who received concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with or without AC between January 2007 and December 2012 were retrospectively analysed. One hundred seventy-seven patients received CCRT alone, whereas 334 received CCRT + AC. The survival analysis showed that ages >45 years old, T3-T4 stages, N2-N3 disease and serum albumin levels ≤42 g/L were significant independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Using these four risk factors, a prognostic model for OS was created as follows: (1) low-risk group: 0–1 risk factors; and (2) high-risk group: 2–4 risk factors. In the CCRT alone and CCRT + AC groups, significant differences in survival were found between the high- and low-risk groups. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited improved OS due to the addition of AC to CCRT, but no survival benefits were found in the low-risk group. In conclusion, high-risk patients may benefit from the addition of AC to CCRT regarding OS.
Ultrahigh Charpy impact toughness (~450J) achieved in high strength ferrite/martensite laminated steels
Authors: Cao Wenquan , Zhang Mingda , Huang Chongxiang , Xiao Shuyang , Dong Han , Weng Yuqing 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStrength and toughness are a couple of paradox as similar as strength-ductility trade-off in homogenous materials, body-centered-cubic steels in particular. Here we report a simple way to get ultrahigh toughness without sacrificing strength. By simple alloying design and hot rolling the 5Mn3Al steels in ferrite/austenite dual phase temperature region, we obtain a series of ferrite/martensite laminated steels that show up-to 400–450J Charpy V-notch impact energy combined with a tensile strength as high as 1.0–1.2 GPa at room temperature, which is nearly 3–5 times higher than that of conventional low alloy steels at similar strength level. This remarkably enhanced toughness is mainly attributed to the delamination between ferrite and martensite lamellae. The current finding gives us a promising way to produce high strength steel with ultrahigh impact toughness by simple alloying design and hot rolling in industry.
PhCESA3 silencing inhibits elongation and stimulates radial expansion in petunia
Authors: Yang Weiyuan , Cai Yuanping , Hu Li , Wei Qian , Chen Guoju , Bai Mei , Wu Hong , Liu Juanxu , Yu Yixun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCellulose synthase catalytic subunits (CESAs) play important roles in plant growth, development and disease resistance. Previous studies have shown an essential role of Arabidopsis thaliana CESA3 in plant growth. However, little is known about the role of CESA3 in species other than A. thaliana. To gain a better understanding of CESA3, the petunia (Petunia hybrida) PhCESA3 gene was isolated, and the role of PhCESA3 in plant growth was analyzed in a wide range of plants. PhCESA3 mRNA was present at varying levels in tissues examined. VIGS-mediated PhCESA3 silencing resulted in dwarfing of plant height, which was consistent with the phenotype of the A. thaliana rsw1 mutant (a temperature-sensitive allele of AtCESA1), the A. thaliana cev1 mutant (the AtCESA3 mild mutant), and the antisense AtCESA3 line. However, PhCESA3 silencing led to swollen stems, pedicels, filaments, styles and epidermal hairs as well as thickened leaves and corollas, which were not observed in the A. thaliana cev1 mutant, the rsw1 mutant and the antisense AtCESA3 line. Further micrographs showed that PhCESA3 silencing reduced the length and increased the width of cells, suggesting that PhCESA3 silencing inhibits elongation and stimulates radial expansion in petunia.