bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of proximal contact loss between implant‐supported fixed prostheses and adjacent natural teeth and its associated factors: a 7‐year prospective study
Authors: Pang Nan‐Sim , Suh Chang‐Sup , Kim Kee‐Deog , Park Wonse , Jung Bock‐Young 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to analyze the prevalence rate of proximal contact loss (PCL) between implant‐fixed prostheses (IFPs) and adjacent teeth and investigate the associated factors.Material and methodsOne hundred fifty participants were recruited for this prospective study from January 2009 to December 2014. Two hundred thirty‐four IFPs supported by 384 implants for the posterior region were followed up until June 2016. The contact tightness had been recorded using aluminum strips of different thicknesses with a regular interval after delivery. Proximal contact was considered as lost if the contact tightness was over 50 μm, and statistical analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence rate of PCL and its influential factors.ResultsAmong the total 299 proximal contacts of 234 IFPs, 179 were observed as a PCL (59.9%). Bone level and root configuration of the adjacent teeth, the proximal contact position and jaw position of the implant prostheses were statistically significant factors, when analyzed by the cumulative PCL rate using the log‐rank test of the Kaplan–Meier method (P < 0.05) According to the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the proximal contact position, bone level of adjacent teeth and jaw position were revealed to be statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionPCL should be considered an implant prosthesis complication to which various associated factors could be related. This study revealed that the lower alveolar bone support level of the adjacent teeth, maxillary position of IFPs and mesial site of IFPs were significantly associated with a higher incidence of PCL.
Climate‐influenced migration in Bangladesh: The need for a policy realignment
Authors: Martin Maxmillan , Kang Yi hyun , Billah Motasim , Siddiqui Tasneem , Black Richard , Kniveton Dominic 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRecent research into migration in Bangladesh has highlighted that people migrate for better livelihoods, not necessarily in response to climatic stresses and shocks. If facilitated appropriately, internal and international migration can help build adaptive capacity to future environmental and climatic hazards. In this framing, migration happens in the context of a growing city‐centred economy that promotes remittances to villages. However, a textual analysis of current and recent policies concerning climate change, development and poverty alleviation, and disaster management shows that the economic and adaptive roles of internal migration are often not included in policy framing. We argue that if migration works as a positive step towards adaptation, then the key challenge is to align the policies with this new understanding.
Temporal properties of colour opponent receptive fields in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Kóbor Péter , Petykó Zoltán , Telkes Ildikó , Martin Paul R. , Buzás Péter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe primordial form of mammalian colour vision relies on opponent interactions between inputs from just two cone types, ‘blue’ (S‐) and ‘green’ (ML‐) cones. We recently described the spatial receptive field structure of colour opponent blue‐ON cells from the lateral geniculate nucleus of cats. Functional inputs from the opponent cone types were spatially coextensive and equally weighted, supporting their high chromatic and low achromatic sensitivity. Here, we studied relative cone weights, temporal frequency tuning and visual latency of cat blue‐ON cells and non‐opponent achromatic cells to temporally modulated cone‐isolating and achromatic stimuli. We confirmed that blue‐ON cells receive equally weighted antagonistic inputs from S‐ and ML‐cones whereas achromatic cells receive exclusive ML‐cone input. The temporal frequency tuning curves of S‐ and ML‐cone inputs to blue‐ON cells were tightly correlated between 1 and 48 Hz. Optimal temporal frequencies of blue‐ON cells were around 3 Hz, whereas the frequency optimum of achromatic cells was close to 10 Hz. Most blue‐ON cells showed negligible response to achromatic flicker across all frequencies tested. Latency to visual stimulation was significantly greater in blue‐ON than in achromatic cells. The S‐ and ML‐cone responses of blue‐ON cells had on average, similar latencies to each other. Altogether, cat blue‐ON cells showed remarkable balance of opponent cone inputs. Our results also confirm similarities to primate blue‐ON cells suggesting that colour vision in mammals evolved on the basis of a sluggish pathway that is optimized for chromatic sensitivity at a wide range of spatial and temporal frequencies.
Flash sintering of a three‐phase alumina, spinel, and yttria‐stabilized zirconia composite
Authors: Kok David , Jha Shikhar Krishn , Raj Rishi , Mecartney Martha L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThree‐phase ceramic composites constituted from equal volume fractions of α‐Al2O3, MgAl2O4 spinel, and cubic 8 mol% Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 (8YSZ) were flash‐sintered under the influence of DC electric fields. The temperature for the onset of rapid densification (flash sintering) was measured using a constant heating rate at fields of 50‐500 V/cm. The experiments were carried out by heating the furnace at a constant rate. Flash sintering occurred at a furnace temperature of 1350°C at a field of 100 V/cm, which dropped to 1150°C at a field of 500 V/cm. The sintered densities ranged from 90% to 96%. Higher electric fields inhibited grain growth due to the lowering of the flash temperature and an accelerated sintering rate. During flash sintering, alumina reacted with the spinel phase to form a high‐alumina spinel solid solution, identified by electron dispersive spectroscopy and from a decrease in the spinel lattice parameter as measured by X‐ray diffraction. It is proposed that the solid solution reaction was promoted by a combination of electrical field and Joule heating.
Production and thermomechanical characterization of wool–geopolymer composites
Authors: Natali Murri Annalisa , Medri Valentina , Landi Elena 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLoad‐bearing and thermal insulating wool waste/geopolymer composites with fire‐resistant properties were produced and characterized. Two formulations, with different amounts of wool fibers, corresponding in the final composites to about 23 vol% and 31 vol%, were tested. The composites exhibited an average density of 1.0 g/cm3, with a thermal conductivity of 0.2 W/mK, and compressive and flexural strength around 9 and 5 MPa, respectively. The flexural strength and fracture behavior were improved by the presence of the fibers, which promoted the onset of a toughening mechanism in the material. Results showed that a geopolymer matrix loaded with 23 vol% of wool fibers is suitable as flame‐resistant barrier, as reaction to fire is in class A2 (UNI‐EN13501‐1), and as insulating structural partition in buildings because it ensures a consistent load‐bearing ability coupled with thermal insulating properties, similarly to other man‐made fiber products, with a considerable gain in terms of cost and environmental impact.
Resistance of 2ZrO2·Y2O3 top coat in thermal/environmental barrier coatings to calcia‐magnesia‐aluminosilicate attack at 1500°C
Authors: Krause Amanda R. , Garces Hector F. , Herrmann Christine E. , Padture Nitin P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInternally cooled, hollow SiC‐based ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) components that may replace metallic components in the hot section of future high‐efficiency gas‐turbine engines will require multilayered thermal/environmental barrier coatings (T/EBCs) for insulation and protection. In the T/EBC system, the thermally insulating outermost (top coat) ceramic layer must also provide resistance to attack by molten calcia‐magnesia‐aluminosilicate (CMAS) deposits. The interactions between a potential candidate for top coat made of air‐plasma‐sprayed (APS) 2ZrO2·Y2O3 solid‐solution (ss) ceramic and two different CMASs (sand and fly ash) are investigated at a relevant high temperature of 1500°C. APS 2ZrO2·Y2O3(ss) top coat was found to resist CMAS penetration at 1500°C for 24 hours via reaction products that block CMAS penetration pathways. In situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies have identified the main reaction product to be an Ca‐Y‐Si apatite, and have helped elucidate the proposed mechanism for CMAS attack mitigation. Ex situ electron microscopy and analytical spectroscopy studies have identified the advantageous characteristics of the reaction products in helping the CMAS attack mitigation in the APS 2ZrO2·Y2O3(ss) coating at 1500°C. Finally, the Y3+ solubility limit and transport behavior are identified as potential comparative tools for assessing the CMAS resistance ability of top‐coat ceramics.
Phosphor‐in‐fluorescent‐glasses for high color rendering white light emitting diodes
Authors: Yi Seungryeol , Chung Woon Jin , Heo Jong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFluorescent glass frits were prepared and used to synthesize phosphor‐in‐fluorescent glass composites (PiFGs) to realize stable white light emitting diodes with high color‐rendering properties. Commercial red, green, and blue phosphors were co‐sintered and red phosphors were partially replaced by Eu3+ in glass frits. Phosphor‐in‐glass composites were placed on UV‐light emitting diodes (UV‐LEDs) to generate white light. Pure white light with a luminous efficacy=58.4 lm/W, general color rendering index Ra=87 and special color rendering index for strong red R9=73 was realized with glass frits containing 7 mol% Eu2O3 and RGB ratio of 35:20:15. Luminous efficacy, Ra and R9 increased as red phosphors were replaced by red‐fluorescent glass frits.
Spruce growth responses to warming vary by ecoregion and ecosystem type near the forest‐tundra boundary in south‐west Alaska
Authors: Sherriff Rosemary L. , Miller Amy E. , Muth Kelly , Schriver Madelinn , Batzel Rebecca 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimA critical concern for boreal ecosystems centres on broad‐scale responses to warming, i.e. declining growth and mortality, or enhanced growth and greater productivity. However, few studies have synthesized tree growth along biogeographic gradients to address this issue. This study develops a broader understanding of how growth of a dominant conifer has responded to recent warming near the western forest margin of Alaska.LocationAlaska, United States.MethodsThirty Picea glauca sites in south‐west Alaska (1216 trees ≥ 4 cm dbh) were evaluated for growth differences from the southern boreal forest to the western forest‐tundra margin across low‐elevation forests and woodlands, and altitudinal tree line. Regional climate records were used to evaluate (1) whether tree growth near western tree line showed greater sensitivity to temperature and/or precipitation than southern boreal sites, (2) if the climate–growth response varied through time, across ecoregions and ecosystems, with spruce beetle disturbance, and by tree age, and (3) if there was a temperature threshold that limited growth.ResultsPositive growth trends since the 1980s in many open stands were consistent with the predicted expansion of western and altitudinal tree line. However, growth levelled off with temperatures ≥ 13°C at all but altitudinal tree line. An increasingly positive effect of precipitation on growth occurred after 1985, particularly at boreal tree line and closed forest sites. Closed‐canopy forests showed lower rates of growth, greater spruce beetle activity and less potential for resiliency to warming than other ecosystem types.Main ConclusionsWarming has led to markedly different growth responses according to ecosystem type and ecoregion near the forest‐tundra margin. Altitudinal tree line sites showed consistently positive growth with warmer temperatures in recent decades, whereas low‐elevation forests had reduced growth and greater beetle mortality. Strong positive correlations between growth and summer‐fall precipitation since the mid‐1980s suggest that precipitation will become an increasingly important factor with further warming.
Challenges of paediatric organ donation
Authors: Gelbart Ben 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPaediatric organ donation represents a small fraction of overall organ donation in Australia and New Zealand and indeed world‐wide. Many factors contribute to low donation rates including low paediatric intensive care mortality, consent rates and medical suitability relating to disease, age and size. In the past decade, the re‐emergence of donation after circulatory death has changed the landscape for the paediatric population. This article reviews the current status and challenges of organ donation for the paediatric population.
Availability of Long‐Acting Reversible Contraception in Kansas Health Departments
Authors: Evans Tawana , Ramaswamy Megha , Satterwhite Catherine L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeUnintended pregnancy persists as a public health problem in the United States. Local health departments (LHDs) could play an important role in preventing unintended pregnancy by promoting and providing long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC, intrauterine devices [IUDs] and implants), particularly in rural states that may lack robust family planning service infrastructure. The objective of this study was to determine availability of LARC in LHDs in Kansas.MethodsFrom October 2015 to January 2016, LHD administrators in Kansas were contacted to participate in a structured, cross‐sectional phone survey assessing LARC availability, staff trained to place LARC, the process for obtaining LARC, and barriers to offering LARC. The main outcome measure was the proportion of Kansas LHDs offering LARC.FindingsOf 101 eligible LHDs, staff from 98 agreed to be interviewed (97.0%). Of 69.4% providing family planning services, 20.6% provided LARC (20.6% provided IUDs, 11.8% provided implants and IUDs, and none provided implants only). Overall, only 29.4% of LHDs reported discussing contraception routinely regardless of reason for visit. Rural health departments were less likely to offer testing for sexually transmitted infections and LARCs and less likely to have trained staff on site to insert LARCs when compared to nonrural LHDs.ConclusionsLARC methods are not commonly available in Kansas LHDs. Small LHDs in a rural state like Kansas could benefit from increased capacity to provide LARC to populations with limited access to health care. An increase in funding to prevent unintended pregnancy through expanded LARC access could result in substantial state savings and lead to fewer unintended pregnancies.
Patterns of morphological variation following colonization of a novel prey environment
Authors: Clifton I. T. , Chamberlain J. D. , Gifford M. E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractColonization of new areas is accompanied by a variety of novel pressures, which can lead to rapid phenotypic change. We compared morphology of diamond‐backed watersnakes (Nerodia rhombifer) among populations of recently colonized fish farms to examine responses to a potential selective pressure, prey size and evaluated intersexual differences in phenotypic responses. Our data suggest not only have these populations experienced morphological change but also that males and females might be responding differently to the shared selective pressure. We found that male snakes from two sites raising primarily small fish had smaller cranial elements than males from one of the sites raising large fish and did not differ from the other large‐fish site. Similar to their male conspecifics, we found that females from both large‐prey sites had longer quadrates than one of the small‐prey sites. In addition, females from large‐fish populations reached greater snout‐vent lengths than females from small‐fish sites. These findings are consistent with an adaptive response to prey size, and also a differential response between the sexes. Our study demonstrates the potential for rapid phenotypic response to a strong selective pressure following colonization.
The effects of incubation temperature on locomotor performance, growth and survival in hatchling velvet geckos
Authors: Dayananda B. , Penfold S. , Webb J. K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe thermal environment that lizard eggs experience during incubation can affect the size, shape and performance of hatchlings. Summer heatwaves are predicted to increase in frequency and duration in the future, and could produce higher temperatures inside lizard nests. Increase in nest temperatures may influence offspring sex, body size, growth and locomotor performance, which in turn can affect fitness. We investigated whether incubation temperatures influenced the locomotor performance of hatchlings of the velvet gecko (Amalosia lesueurii), a nocturnal gecko that lays eggs in communal nests inside rock crevices. We incubated eggs at two fluctuating temperature regimes that mimicked current nest temperatures (mean = 23.2°C, range 10–33°C, ‘current’) and predicted future nest temperatures (mean = 27.0°C, 14–37°C, ‘future’). We measured the locomotor performance of hatchlings at four temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35°C), and released them at two field sites (Nowra and Dharawal National Park, ‘DNP’) to estimate their growth and survival over 10 months. Hot‐incubated hatchlings were smaller, and ran more slowly than current‐incubated hatchlings at all four test temperatures. Incubation temperature did not affect the growth rates of lizards from Nowra, but at DNP, hot‐incubated lizards grew more slowly than current‐incubated lizards. Survival analyses revealed that future‐incubated hatchlings had lower survival than current‐incubation hatchlings over 10 months of life, but selection on hatchling traits differed between study sites. For hatchlings from DNP, there was evidence for directional selection on body mass, but little support for selection on SVL or speed. At Nowra, there was equivalent evidence for selection on mass, SVL and speed. These results demonstrate that incubation induced differences in morphology and locomotor performance can influence the survival of hatchlings. In the absence of maternal plasticity in nesting behavior, future increase in nest temperatures, by altering offspring morphology, performance and survival, have the potential to influence the viability of gecko populations.
Health care professionals' concerns regarding in‐hospital family‐witnessed cardiopulmonary resuscitation implementation into clinical practice
Authors: Sak‐Dankosky Natalia , Andruszkiewicz Paweł , Sherwood Paula R. , Kvist Tarja 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn‐hospital, family‐witnessed cardiopulmonary resuscitation of adults has been found to help patients' family members deal with the short‐ and long‐term emotional consequences of resuscitation. Because of its benefits, many national and international nursing and medical organizations officially recommend this practice. Research, however, shows that family‐witnessed resuscitation is not widely implemented in clinical practice, and health care professionals generally do not favour this recommendation.AimTo describe and provide an initial basis for understanding health care professionals' views and perspectives regarding the implementation of an in‐hospital, family‐witnessed adult resuscitation practice in two European countries.Study designAn inductive qualitative approach was used in this study.MethodsFinnish (n = 93) and Polish (n = 75) emergency and intensive care nurses and physicians provided written responses to queries regarding their personal observations, concerns and comments about in‐hospital, family‐witnessed resuscitation of an adult. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.FindingsThe study analysis yielded five themes characterizing health care professionals' main concerns regarding family‐witnessed resuscitation: (1) family's horror, (2) disturbed workflow (3) no support for the family, (4) staff preparation and (5) situation‐based decision.ConclusionDespite existing evidence revealing the positive influence of family‐witnessed resuscitation on patients, relatives and cardiopulmonary resuscitation process, Finnish and Polish health care providers cited a number of personal and organizational barriers against this practice. The results of this study begin to examine reasons why family‐witnessed resuscitation has not been widely implemented in practice. In order to successfully apply current evidence‐based resuscitation guidelines, provider concerns need to be addressed through educational and organizational changes.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study identified important implementation barriers for allowing families in critical care settings to be present during resuscitation efforts. These results can be further used in developing and adjusting clinical practice policies, protocols and guidelines related to family‐witnessed resuscitation.
Metabolic control of myofibers: promising therapeutic target for obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Duan Yehui , Li Fengna , Tan Bie , Yao Kang , Yin Yulong 
Published: April 2017

SummaryMammalian skeletal muscles are composed of two major fibre types (I and II) that differ in terms of size, metabolism and contractile properties. In general, slow‐twitch type I fibres are rich in mitochondria and have a greater insulin sensitivity than fast‐twitch type II skeletal muscles. Although not widely appreciated, a forced induction of the slow skeletal muscle phenotype may inhibit the progress of obesity and diabetes. This potentially forms the basis for targeting slow/oxidative myofibers in the treatment of obesity. In this context, a better understanding of the molecular basis of fibre‐type specification and plasticity may help to identify potential therapeutic targets for obesity and diabetes.