bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altering 2‐Hydroxybiphenyl 3‐Monooxygenase Regioselectivity by Protein Engineering for the Production of a New Antioxidant
Authors: Bregman‐Cohen Almog , Deri Batel , Maimon Shiran , Pazy Yael , Fishman Ayelet 
Published: January 2018

Abstract2‐Hydroxybiphenyl 3‐monooxygenase is a flavin‐containing NADH‐dependent aromatic hydroxylase that oxidizes a broad range of 2‐substituted phenols. In order to modulate its activity and selectivity, several residues in the active site pocket were investigated by saturation mutagenesis. Variant M321A demonstrated altered regioselectivity by oxidizing 3‐hydroxybiphenyl for the first time, thus enabling the production of a new antioxidant, 3,4‐dihydroxybiphenyl, with similar ferric reducing capacity to the well‐studied piceatannol. The crystal structure of M321A was determined (2.78 Å), and molecular docking of the 3‐substituted phenol provided a rational explanation for the altered regioselectivity. Furthermore, HbpA was found to possess pro‐S enantioselectivity towards the production of several chiral sulfoxides, whereas variant M321F exhibited improved enantioselectivity. Based on the biochemical characterization of several mutants, it was suggested that Trp97 stabilized the substrate in the active site, Met223 was involved in NADH entrance or binding to the active site, and Pro320 might facilitate FAD movement.
Photoactivation of Ligands for Extrinsically and Intrinsically Triggered Disassembly of Amphiphilic Nanoassemblies
Authors: Gao Jingjing , Liu Xiaochi , Secinti Hatice , Jiang Ziwen , Munkhbat Oyuntuya , Xu Yisheng , Guo Xuhong , Thayumanavan S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSpecific response to the concurrent presence of two different inputs is one of the hallmarks of incorporating specificities in nature. Artificial nanoassemblies that concurrently respond to two very different inputs are of great interest in a variety of applications, especially in biomedicine. Here, we present a design strategy for amphiphilic nanoassemblies with such capabilities, enabled by photocaging a ligand moiety that is capable of binding to a specific protein. New molecular designs that offer nanoassemblies that respond to either of two inputs or only to the concurrent presence of two inputs are outlined. Such biomimetic nanoassemblies could find use in many applications, including drug delivery and diagnostics.
Pediatric oncologist willingness to offer germline TP53 testing in osteosarcoma
Authors: Shaul Eliana , Roth Michael , Lo Yungtai , Geller David S. , Hoang Bang , Yang Rui , Malkin David , Gorlick Richard , Gill Jonathan 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUNDLi‐Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a cancer predisposition syndrome caused by mutations in the tumor‐suppressor gene TP53. Osteosarcoma is a sentinel cancer in LFS. Prior studies using Sanger sequencing platforms have demonstrated that 3% of individuals with osteosarcoma harbor a mutation in TP53. New data from next‐generation sequencing have demonstrated that 3.8% of patients with osteosarcoma have a known pathogenic variant, and an additional 5.7% carry exonic variants of unknown significance in TP53.METHODSPediatric oncologists were e‐mailed an anonymous 18‐question survey assessing their willingness to offer TP53 germline testing to a child with osteosarcoma with or without a family history, and they were evaluated for changes in their choices with the prior data and the new data.RESULTSOne hundred seventy‐seven pediatric oncologists (22%) responded to the survey. Respondents were more likely to offer TP53 testing to a patient with a positive family history (77.4% vs 12.4%; P < .0001). Significantly more providers responded that they would offer TP53 testing once they were provided with the new data (25.4% vs 12.4%; P = .0038). The proportion of providers who responded that they were unsure increased significantly when they were presented with the new data (25.4% vs 10.2%; P = .0002). Potential implications for other family members and the possibility that surveillance imaging would detect new malignancies at an earlier stage were important factors influencing a provider's decision to offer TP53 testing.CONCLUSIONSRecent data increase the proportion of providers willing to offer testing, and this suggests concern on the part of pediatric oncologists that variants of unknown significance may be disease‐defining in rare cancers. Cancer 2018;124:1242‐50. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Simple, Green, and High‐Yield Production of Boron‐Based Nanostructures with Diverse Morphologies by Dissolution and Recrystallization of Layered Magnesium Diboride Crystals in Water
Authors: Gunda Harini , Das Saroj Kumar , Jasuja Kabeer 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLayered metal diborides that contain metal atoms sandwiched between boron honeycomb planes offer a rich opportunity to access graphenic forms of boron. We recently demonstrated that magnesium diboride (MgB2) could be exfoliated by ultrasonication in water to yield boron‐based nanosheets. However, knowledge of the fate of metal boride crystals in aqueous phases is still in its incipient stages. This work presents our preliminary findings on the discovery that MgB2 crystals can undergo dissolution in water under ambient conditions to result in precursors (prenucleation clusters) that, upon aging, undergo nonclassical crystallization preferentially growing in lateral directions by two‐dimensional (2D) oriented attachment. We show that this recrystallization can be utilized as an avenue to obtain a high yield (≈92 %) of boron‐based nanostructures, including nanodots, nanograins, nanoflakes, and nanosheets. These nanostructures comprise boron honeycomb planes chemically modified with hydride and oxy functional groups, which results in an overall negative charge on their surfaces. This ability of MgB2 crystals to yield prenucleation clusters that can self‐seed to form nanostructures comprising chemically modified boron honeycomb planes presents a new facet to the physicochemical interaction of MgB2 with water. These findings also open newer avenues to obtain boron‐based nanostructures with tunable morphologies by varying the chemical milieu during recrystallization.
Control Model for Large‐Sized Gantry Type Linear Motor Slider
Authors: OJIRO TETSUYA , HONDA HIDEKI , TSURUTA KAZUHIRO , HANAMOTO TSUYOSHI 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYAt present, many industrial carrier devices utilize linear motor sliders. However, a heavier load requires a linear motor (which is an example of a direct drive device) to get higher power, compared with a rotary motor with a ball screw slider (which is an example of an indirect drive device). In order to obtain higher power at a lower cost, a linear slider with multiple motors can be utilized, for example, a gantry type linear motor slider. Moving the gantry type slider requires two linear motors that are set up in parallel to enable synchronization control. Some conventional synchronization control methods have been proposed for the parallel twin linear slider; however, a large‐scaled gantry type linear motor slider has two unique problems: mechanical distortion caused by the limitations of installation environment and coupling caused by joints with low stiffness. This paper proposes a control model to solve these problems, and an identification method of each parameter. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the control model is verified by comparison with simulation results and experimental results.
Development of Trunk Transmission Online Integrated Stability Control System (ISC) for New Generation Grid
Authors: YOSHIDA HIROSHI , TACHI RYUJI , TAKAFUJI KOYA , IMAEDA HIRONORI , TAKEISHI MASARU , TAGUCHI HIROYUKI , KUSABA KENICHIRO 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYGenerally, if power transmission lines are heavily loaded, the transient stability and frequency stability tend to be worse, and one power system fault may cause wide‐area blackouts. However, restriction of the power flow sacrifices economical operations. To solve this problem, CEPCO (Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc.) has implemented the online stability control system.Since a current system was constructed more than 20 years ago, the situation of power system has drastically changed such as a large‐scale introduction of distributed energy resource or increase of cross‐regional power interchange. To cope with these changes, we are developing a new stability control system with new control functions. And, the new system integrates current systems which were constructed separately for the purposes. As the result, the number of equipment was dramatically reduced.This paper describes an outline of developing system and new stability control functions to overcome various situational changes that have happened in CEPCO power grid.
Microtopography of bare peat: a conceptual model and objective classification from high‐resolution topographic survey data
Authors: Smith M.W. , Warburton J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPeatlands globally are at risk of degradation through increased susceptibility to erosion as a result of climate change. Quantification of peat erosion and an understanding of the processes responsible for their degradation is required if eroded peatlands are to be protected and restored. Owing to the unique material properties of peat, fine‐scale microtopographic expressions of surface processes are especially pronounced and present a potentially rich source of geomorphological information, providing valuable insights into the stability and dominant surface process regimes. We present a new process‐form conceptual framework to rigorously describe bare peat microtopography and use Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM) surveys to quantify roughness for different peat surfaces. Through the first geomorphological application of a survey‐grade structured‐light hand‐held 3D imager (HhI), which can represent sub‐millimetre topographic variability in field conditions, we demonstrate that SfM identifies roughness signatures reliably over bare peat plots (<1 m2), although some smoothing is observed. Across 55 plots, the roughness of microtopographic types is quantified using a suite of roughness metrics and an objective classification system derived from decision tree analysis with 98% success. This objective classification requires just five roughness metrics, each of which quantifies a different aspect of the surface morphology. We show that through a combination of roughness metrics, microtopographic types can be identified objectively from high resolution survey data, providing a much‐needed geomorphological process‐perspective to observations of eroded peat volumes and earth surface change. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inference on phenotype‐specific effects of genes using multivariate kernel machine regression
Authors: Maity Arnab , Zhao Jing , Sullivan Patrick F. , Tzeng Jung‐Ying 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTWe consider the problem of assessing the joint effect of a set of genetic markers on multiple, possibly correlated phenotypes of interest. We develop a kernel machine based multivariate regression framework, where the joint effect of the marker set on each of the phenotypes is modeled using prespecified kernel functions with unknown variance components. Unlike most existing methods that mainly focus on the global association between the marker set and the phenotype set, we develop estimation and testing procedures to study phenotype‐specific associations. Specifically, we develop an estimation method based on the penalized likelihood approach to estimate phenotype‐specific effects and their corresponding standard errors while accounting for possible correlation among the phenotypes. We develop testing procedures for the association of the marker set with any subset of phenotypes using a score‐based variance components testing method. We assess the performance of our proposed methodology via a simulation study and demonstrate the utility of the proposed method using the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) data.
One false move: A singular account of multiple outcomes arising from drink‐driving
Authors: McIver Shane , van den Hoek Daniel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIssue addressedTo deconstruct a personal account involving the initial decision making and ultimate consequences of driving under the influence of alcohol to educate drinkers about the realities of short‐ and long‐term impacts associated with drink‐driving.MethodsThis qualitative study uses collaborative methods and draws on an autoethnographic (n = 1) account to identify multiple challenges and outcomes arising from a singular drink‐driving incident.ResultsFindings document how the split‐second decision to drink and drive can give rise to unforeseen, ongoing and complex problems associated with injuries and pain management, the legal system, personal and professional costs, social isolation and shame.ConclusionsMany believe that driving ability is only affected if an individual is drunk, and that the ramifications of low‐range drinking (blood alcohol concentration greater than 0.05 and less than 0.07) and driving are minimal and avoidable. This personal account emphasises the stark realities associated with such naïve perceptions, particularly among young males, and augments efforts to dissuade drivers from drinking.So what?The experiential insights within this narrative account have the potential to help inform peer education programs and contribute to reductions in youth road trauma and associated injuries.
Fabrication and characterization of polymer‐ceramic nanocomposites containing drug loaded modified halloysite nanotubes
Authors: Ghaderi‐Ghahfarrokhi Maedeh , Haddadi‐Asl Vahid , Zargarian Seyed Shahrooz 
Published: January 2018

AbstractModified halloysite nanotubes (HNT‐NH2 and HNT‐COOH) were synthesized by a coupling reaction with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and maleic anhydride from hydroxyl groups of neat halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). Successful attachment of functional groups onto HNTs was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis. X ray diffraction was used to study the crystalline structure of scaffolds and the formation of intercalated structure as a result of improved dispersion and decreased agglomeration of modified nanoparticles. Neat HNT, HNT‐NH2, and HNT‐COOH were subsequently introduced into polycaprolactone/Pluronic P123 (PCL/P123) electrospun substrate. Morphology, thermodynamics, mechanics, and biocompatibility of resulted electrospun nanocomposites were evaluated. Nanofibers containing modified HNTs showed excellent mechanical performance and thermal stability in comparison with those containing neat HNTs. homogeneous dispersion of the modified HNTs and strong interfacial adhesion between nanotubes and polymer matrix can be considered for mentioned improvements. Ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometer was used to study diphenhydramine hydrochloride and diclofenac sodium release from nanocomposites containing drug loaded modified and neat HNTs. Nanocomposites containing drug loaded HNT‐COOH exhibited prolonged release of drug molecules in comparison with that of neat HNTs. MTT assay reveled that PCL/P123/modified HNTs nanocomposites provide a suitable platform for cell growth where PCL/P123/HNT‐NH2 can facilitate cell attachment through electrostatic interactions between negatively charged phospholipids bilayer membrane of cells and positively charged HNT‐NH2 embedded in PCL/P123 substrate. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1276–1287, 2018.
Increasing mass transfer of volatile organic compounds in air scrubbers: relation between partition coefficient and mass transfer coefficient in a pilot‐scale scrubber
Authors: Bruneel Joren , Walgraeve Christophe , Demeyer Peter , Van Langenhove Herman 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe mass transfer of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from waste gas streams to liquid in scrubbers is determined by the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (Kga), which is dependent on the air‐to‐water partition coefficient (KAW, dimensionless). The application of additives in the water phase can alter this KAW to lower values thus increasing the Kga. Previous research provided partitioning data of new scrubber liquids and this study will link the partitioning data with mass transfer characteristics in a pilot‐scale scrubber.RESULTSThe Kga was experimentally determined using a VOC pulse addition response (PAR) method in a pilot‐scale scrubber with randomised or structured packing (1.6 m height, diameter 0.1 m). VOCs were injected at the inlet of the scrubber. SIFT‐MS was used for the online measurement of the VOC concentration. An advection–absorption model was used to calculate the Kga values for a set of VOCs and different scrubber liquid properties. Scrubber liquids and VOCs were applied to evaluate the Kga values in a KAW range from 2.6 × 10‐3 to 4.0 × 10, a gas velocity between 0.34 and 1.17 m s‐1 and liquid flow of 0.4 m3 h‐1. The obtained Kga ranged from 0 to 2.27 s‐1.CONCLUSIONA relationship between the Kga, gas velocity and KAW was established. Based on this mathematical model, the economical/technical suitability of applying an additive to the scrubbing liquid of industrial installations can be evaluated. β‐cyclodextrin was applied as additive in the scrubber and Kga values were significantly higher than with pure water. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Two‐step persulfate and Fenton oxidation of naphthenic acids in water
Authors: Xu Xiyan , Pliego Gema , Zazo Juan A , Liu Shuming , Casas Jose A , Rodriguez Juan J 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUDIn the current study, two‐step persulfate and Fenton oxidation has been investigated for the mineralization of naphthenic acids at 80 °C and initial pH ≈ 8. This pH evolves during the persulfate oxidation step towards the optimum for Fenton oxidation (≈ 3). The effects of persulfate and H2O2 doses, iron concentration, duration of the persulfate oxidation step and operating temperature have been assessed.RESULTSThe combined treatment allowed up to ≈ 80% mineralization of cyclohexanoic acid using fairly low relative amounts of reagents (20 and 30% of the stoichiometric for persulfate and H2O2, respectively). For mineralization of cyclohexanoic acid, 115 and 87 kJ mol‐1 were obtained as representative values of the apparent activation energy for the persulfate and Fenton oxidation steps, respectively. The system was also successfully tested with other naphthenic acids, including cyclohexanebutyric acid, 2‐naphthoic acid and 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐2‐naphthoic acid. Treatment of the naphthenic acids tested by this system gave rise to easily biodegradable effluents consisting mainly of short‐chain organic acids. The biodegradability was confirmed by the BOD5/COD ratio and respirometric tests.CONCLUSIONThe results show the potential application of this approach as a promising cost‐effective solution for the treatment of naphthenic acids‐bearing aqueous wastes. This approach has significant advantage compared with the single thermally‐activated persulfate or Fenton oxidation, since it allows a high mineralization at reduced reagent cost upon replacing part of the persulfate by less expensive H2O2. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Human la Antigens Detect an Evolutionary Conserved Epitope on Guinea Pig la Antigens With Unique Functional Properties
Authors: Zweig Stephen E , Ferrone Soldano , Shevach Ethan M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Three murine monoclonal antihuman la antibodies were found to cross react with guinea pig la antigens. Sequential immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that these antibodies recognized a subset of guinea pig la antigens. In competition binding studies, the antihuman la antibodies competed with each other, but not with a number of murine monoclonals raised directly to guinea pig la antigens. When the antihuman la monoclonals were tested for their ability to inhibit the proliferative response of primed guinea pig T cells to antigen-pulsed macrophages, they completely inhibited the response of strain 2 T cells to the complex antigen ovalbumin while having no effect on the response to the copolymer L-glutamic acid, L-lysine. In contrast, the monoclonals raised against guinea pig la had much less dramatic effects on the response of uncloned T cells to these antigens. These results suggest that the cross-reactive monoclonals may recognize an evolutionary conserved epitope on la that has a regulatory function in T-cell activation.
Cooperation of IgG Monoclonal Antibodies in Macrophage Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) to Tumor Targets
Authors: Ralph Peter , Nakoinz Ilona 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Six IgG monoclonal antibodies representing the four murine IgG isotypes were active individually in ADCC to T-lymphoma targets mediated by murine macrophages and human blood K cells. The monoclonals were directed against four antigens (Thy-1.2, H-2k, Ly 2.1, Ly 9.2). None was as effective in ADCC as allo-anti-Thy-1.2 serum or rabbit anti-mouse spleen serum, even at plateau levels of killing. Monoclonals gave the highest levels of ADCC at relatively low amounts of antibody bound to targets; increasing the amount of bound antibody by 10- to 100-fold did not increase murine macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. In contrast, ADCC using alloantiserum continued to increase over the same range of antibody bound to the tumor targets. The activity of individual monoclonals was not enhanced by the presence of various dilutions of normal mouse or rabbit serum, suggesting that the superiority of the allo- and heteroantisera was due to their content of heterogeneous antibodies. IgG monoclonls of different isotypes and recognizing different antigens gave enhanced ADCC in combination; monoclonals to the same antigen did not. An IgM anti-Thy-1.2 monoclonal was inactive in ADCC and inhibited the activity of IgG monoclonals of the same specificity. These studies show that IgG antibodies of different specificity and class can collaborate in ADCC, and that this cooperative effect is not due simply to increased amounts of antibody bound to the tumor targets.
Decreased Fibronectin Biosynthesis by Human Cord Blood Mononuclear Phagocytes In Vitro
Authors: Gerdes Jeffrey S , Douglas Steven D , Kolski Gerald B , Yoder Mervin C , Polin Richard A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Cultured cord blood monocytes synthesize significantly less fibronectin than cultured monocyte-macrophages from adult peripheral blood. Biosynthesis of the second component of complement in vitro is similar for both cell systems. The monocyte-macrophages from neonates and adults have similar functional and morphologic properties in long-term cultures. The decreased monocyte-macrophage biosynthesis of fibronectin observed in vitro may be in part related to the reduced plasma fibronectin concentrations and reticuloendothelial system hypofunction which occur in newborn infants.