bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and microbiological characterization of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in a single healthcare region of the UK, 2015
Authors: HORNER C. , UTSI L. , COOLE L. , DENTON M. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYWe investigated the epidemiology and characterization of isolates of Staphylococcus aureus within the Yorkshire and Humber (YH) region in the UK. In July 2015, each laboratory within YH (n = 14) was assigned two consecutive days during which all clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected. Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibilities and the presence of genes encoding methicillin resistance (mecA and mecC), Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) (lukS-PV), and efflux-mediated chlorhexidine resistance (qacA); isolates were also characterized by spa-types. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to chlorhexidine were determined by the broth dilution method. Of 520 isolates collected, 6·2% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA, all mecA-positive) and mupirocin resistance was low [0·8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·3–2·0] and only found in MRSA. Carriage of the qacA gene was identified in 1·7% (95% CI 0·8–3·3) of isolates and 3·5% (95% CI 2·2–5·4) had a chlorhexidine MIC of 4 mg/l. The PVL gene was infrequent (3·7%, 95% CI 2·4–5·6). Genotyping identified 234 spa-types that mapped to 22 clonal complexes. Comparison of these current data with previous work suggest that the widespread use of staphylococcal decolonization regimens over the past decade or more has not had an adverse impact on resistance rates, PVL carriage or the prevalence of specific S. aureus lineages.
Meteorological factors affecting scrub typhus occurrence: a retrospective study of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, 1984–2014
Authors: SETO J. , SUZUKI Y. , NAKAO R. , OTANI K. , YAHAGI K. , MIZUTA K. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYClimate change, by its influence on the ecology of vectors might affect the occurrence of vector-borne diseases. This study examines the effects of meteorological factors in Japan on the occurrence of scrub typhus, a mite-borne zoonosis caused byOrientia tsutsugamushi. Using negative binomial regression, we analysed the relationships between meteorological factors (including temperature, rainfall, snowfall) and spring–early summer cases of scrub typhus in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, during 1984–2014. The average temperature in July and August of the previous year, cumulative rainfall in September of the previous year, snowfall throughout the winter, and maximum depth of snow cover in January and February were positively correlated with the number of scrub typhus cases. By contrast, cumulative rainfall in July of the previous year showed a negative relationship to the number of cases. These associations can be explained by the life-cycle ofLeptotrombidium pallidum, a predominant vector of spring–early summer cases of scrub typhus in northern Japan. Our findings show that several meteorological factors are useful to estimate the number of scrub typhus cases before the endemic period. They are applicable to establish an early warning system for scrub typhus in northern Japan.
Fontan completion in reverse order out of necessity: secondary Glenn after primary extracardiac inferior cavopulmonary artery connection
Authors: Dodge-Khatami Jannika , Aggarwal Avichal , Taylor Mary B. , Maposa Douglas , Salazar Jorge D. , Dodge-Khatami Ali 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe primary extracardiac inferior cavopulmonary connection is an unusual novel palliation for single-ventricle physiology, which we first performed in the setting of unfavourable upper-body systemic venous anatomy for a standard bi-directional Glenn, and in lieu of leaving our patient with shunt-dependent physiology. After an initial 16-month satisfactory follow-up, increasing cyanosis led to the discovery of a veno-venous collateral that was coiled, but, more importantly, to impressive growth of a previously diminutive superior caval vein, which allowed us to perform completion Fontan with a good outcome. Performing the single-ventricle staging in a reverse manner, first from below with a primary inferior cavopulmonary connection, followed by Fontan completion from above with a standard superior caval vein bi-directional Glenn, is also possible when deemed necessary.
Pre-post effect sizes should be avoided in meta-analyses
Authors: Cuijpers P. , Weitz E. , Cristea I. A. , Twisk J. 
Published: October 2016

AimsThe standardised mean difference (SMD) is one of the most used effect sizes to indicate the effects of treatments. It indicates the difference between a treatment and comparison group after treatment has ended, in terms of standard deviations. Some meta-analyses, including several highly cited and influential ones, use the pre-post SMD, indicating the difference between baseline and post-test within one (treatment group).MethodsIn this paper, we argue that these pre-post SMDs should be avoided in meta-analyses and we describe the arguments why pre-post SMDs can result in biased outcomes.ResultsOne important reason why pre-post SMDs should be avoided is that the scores on baseline and post-test are not independent of each other. The value for the correlation should be used in the calculation of the SMD, while this value is typically not known. We used data from an ‘individual patient data’ meta-analysis of trials comparing cognitive behaviour therapy and anti-depressive medication, to show that this problem can lead to considerable errors in the estimation of the SMDs. Another even more important reason why pre-post SMDs should be avoided in meta-analyses is that they are influenced by natural processes and characteristics of the patients and settings, and these cannot be discerned from the effects of the intervention. Between-group SMDs are much better because they control for such variables and these variables only affect the between group SMD when they are related to the effects of the intervention.ConclusionsWe conclude that pre-post SMDs should be avoided in meta-analyses as using them probably results in biased outcomes.
Relations of Personality Traits to Military Aviator	Performance
Authors: Barron Laura G. , Carretta Thomas R. , Bonto-Kane Maria Vincente A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Most research on cognitive and personality characteristics needed for effective military aircrew has focused on identifying measures that predict initial training outcomes ( Carretta & Ree, 2003 ). While many of the same cognitive aptitudes predictive of military pilot training outcomes are likely to also predict on-the-job technical performance, the strict technical focus of training may make it difficult to fully evaluate the relations of personality to broader job performance criteria. This study evaluated the extent to which pre-accession personality measures were predictive of the stratification (i.e., ranking based on job performance) of early-career US Air Force aviators on Officer Performance Reports in assignments after initial training. Supervisor and senior rater stratifications of aviators on overall job performance were significantly related to pre-accession personality scores. For both pilots and navigators whose job performance was ranked, higher levels of Extraversion and Agreeableness were associated with more favorable supervisory performance rankings (uncorrected r values = .20–.28).
Success Rates in a Diabetes Specialist Nurse-Led Education Programme: Re-setting the Glucostat
Authors: Heald A. , Anderson S. , Khan A. , Stocker J. , Davies S. , Bliss K. , Livingston M. , Donnelly P. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Analysis of National Diabetes Audit data from 2011–2012 of newly diagnosed people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) found low initial success rates in much of the UK at 20% on initial training, while an unusually high success rate of 75% achieving target HbA1C<58 mmol/mol (< 7.5%) was found in Cheshire (England average=40.8%). We present a review of the approach taken by the Cheshire Diabetes team in the 12 months following diagnosis.
Between 2012 and 2013, 15 consecutive newly diagnosed people with type 1 DM were followed up for 18 months. All received support and advice by community Diabetes Specialist Nurses (DSNs) and Dieticians covering Central and Eastern Cheshire, UK.
Mean±SD age at diagnosis was 23±3 years. The period of contact with the DSN service varied from 7–12 weeks. Baseline HbA1C of 99 mmol/mol [11.2%] (95% CI: 86–111 mmol/mol [10.0–12.3%]) declined by ~50% to 49 mmol/mol [6.6%] (41–57 mmol/mol [5.9–7.4%]; F=16.9, p<0.001) at 6 months and did not change between 6–12 months. Of those newly diagnosed with type 1 DM, 84.6% achieved a target HbA1C<58 mmol/mol (<7.5%) and 61.5% met a target<48 mmol/mol (<6.5%). There was no significant weight change during the study.
The key elements of this bio-psycho-social approach by the DSN team included providing psychological support, patient engagement, demonstrating positive regard, gaining trust, identifying health-seeking behaviour, providing key decision-making skills and developing a self-management plan. This resulted in improvements in overall glycaemic control well above the national average without untoward weight gain.
The UK National Diabetes Audit (2011–2012) in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetics in Cheshire, UK, showed a success rate at 6 months post-diagnosis of 75% achieving a target HbA1C<58 mmol/mol (<7.5%) compared with the national average of 40.8%. Initially thought to be erroneous, these excellent results were confirmed. The approach taken to achieve them is herein described.
Können Krankenkassendaten Primärdaten verzerrungsfrei ergänzen? – Selektivitätsanalysen im Rahmen der lidA-Studie
Authors: March Stefanie , Swart Enno , Robra Bernt-Peter 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Die lidA-Studie verknüpft Befragungsdaten mit individuellen Krankenkassendaten (KK-Daten). Es wird analysiert, zu welchen sozialen und gesundheitlichen Selektionseffekten es kommt, wenn nicht allen Befragten individuelle KK-Daten zugespielt werden können. Ein individuelles Datenlinkage setzt das Probandeneinverständnis und die Teilnahme seiner Kasse voraus.
Methodik Die realisierte Zuspielung individueller KK-Daten wurde als abhängige Variable einer multivariaten binären logistischen Regression definiert. Insgesamt wurden 21 (1. Befragung) bzw. 22 Faktoren (2. Befragung) analysiert, die mutmaßlich Einfluss auf die Zuspielungschancen haben.
Ergebnisse Die Prävalenzen sozialer und gesundheitlicher Merkmale waren fast identisch in den Gruppen mit und ohne zugespielte Krankenkassendaten. Die logistische Regression fand signifikante Einflussgrößen in der ersten Befragung bezogen auf eine räumliche Kategorisierung (BIK), die Einkommensgruppe „1000 bis unter 2000 Euro“ und die Teilzeitarbeit. Nur die Fach-/Hochschulreife zeigte in beiden Wellen gegenüber der niedrigsten Bildungsstufe signifikante Assoziationen (OR W1: 1,63; OR W2: 1,83). Bildung sowie Beruf (Blossfeld) zeigten als Merkmalskomplex in beiden Wellen einen signifikanten Einfluss.
Schlussfolgerung Ein Linkage von KK- mit Befragungsdaten ist in der lidA-Studie fast selektionsfrei realisiert, trotz einer Datenlieferung für nur 21 % bzw. 24 % der Probanden. Alle Datenlinkage-Studien mit KK-Daten sollten deren Selektivität prüfen.
Microstructure of intermetallic particle strengthened high-chromium fully ferritic steels
Authors: Lopez Barrilao J. , Kuhn B. , Wessel E. , Talík M. 
Published: October 2016

An improvement of power plant efficiency necessitates an increase of the process parameters and thus enables a reduction of consumed primary resources. Furthermore more efficient, sustainable, flexible and cost-effective energy technologies are strongly needed. For this reason the current research concentrates on a new concept of high-chromium fully ferritic stainless steels which are strengthened by a combination of solid-solution and intermetallic Laves phase particles. Such steels exhibit favourable creep, thermomechanical fatigue and steam oxidation behaviour up to 650°C. Based on detailed analysis by high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy the particle size evolution and compositions were studied. Variations in chemical compositions were analysed experimentally and compared with thermodynamic equilibrium composition modelling results. This paper is part of a thematic issue on the 9th International Charles Parsons Turbine and Generator Conference. All papers have been revised and extended before publication in Materials Science and Technology.
Contrasting Impacts of Dams on the Metacommunity Structure of Fish and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages
Authors: Hastings Ryan P. , Meiners Scott J. , Colombo Robert E. , Thomas Trent E. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Impoundments are common features of many rivers that often impact abiotic conditions and the organisms that inhabit impacted reaches. As dams alter both local environmental conditions and the ability of organisms to move throughout the habitat, it is difficult to know which factors are driving changes in assemblage composition. To separate these effects, we employed a metacommunity approach to evaluate drivers of assemblage composition in fish and macroinvertebrate communities across two impoundments slated for removal in Danville, Illinois. Based on movement ability, we would expect dams to represent barriers to fish populations, whereas macroinvertebrates, with their motile adult phases, should be easily able to move across impoundments. Therefore, we would expect the assemblage structure of these two groups to be driven by different processes. We sampled habitat quality (measures) and both fish and macroinvertebrate communities in a replicated series of sites across two low-head dams. As expected, the presence of dams resulted in reduced habitat quality as well as changes in fish and macroinvertebrate quality indices. However, fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages were driven by different metacommunity processes. Fish communities showed strong environmental filtering, responding to local environmental conditions, with no effect of distance between habitats. In marked contrast, macroinvertebrate communities were only related to physical distance between sites, with no indication of environmental filtering. These results suggest that when these dams are removed, fish assemblages should change with the removal of dam-generated habitats. In contrast, dam removal may not alter macroinvertebrate composition, as it did not vary with habitat but appears driven by local dispersal.
Received November 17, 2015; accepted July 17, 2016 Published online October 28, 2016
Age, Growth, and Mortality of a Trophy Channel Catfish Population in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Siddons Stephen F. , Pegg Mark A. , Hogberg Nick P. , Klein Geoff M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The Red River of the North (Red River) is managed with a unique set of regulations aimed at conserving the age structure and size structure of a trophy Channel Catfish population. Although these regulations have been in place for &gt;20 years, current population dynamics have not been evaluated postregulation. Our objectives were to (1) document dynamic rate functions (i.e., growth and mortality), age structure, and size structure of Channel Catfish in the lower Red River, and (2) compare current population dynamics with historical conditions in the lower Red River and other populations. We documented a maximum age of 27, and ages greater than 20 were common (7%). We estimated an annual mortality rate of 0.19, which was similar to mortality estimates for Channel Catfish in the Red River from the USA. Growth rates for individuals ages 3–10 were similar among our study, historical growth estimates, and upstream estimates. Conservative harvest regulations appear to be preserving the desired age structure and size structure of Channel Catfish in the lower Red River, and this study may provide insight into unique management possibilities for other systems.
Received March 11, 2016; accepted August 1, 2016 Published online October 28, 2016
Massive increase in the use of drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (dFADs) by tropical tuna purse seine fisheries in the Atlantic and Indian oceans
Authors: Maufroy Alexandra , Kaplan David M. , Bez Nicolas , De Molina Alicia Delgado , Murua Hilario , Floch Laurent , Chassot Emmanuel 
Published: October 2016

Since the mid-1990s, drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (dFADs), artificial floating objects designed to aggregate fish, have become an important mean by which purse seine fleets catch tropical tunas. Mass deployment of dFADs, as well as the massive use of GPS buoys to track dFADs and natural floating objects, has raised serious concerns for the state of tropical tuna stocks and ecosystem functioning. Here, we combine tracks from a large proportion of the French GPS buoys from the Indian and Atlantic oceans with data from observers aboard French and Spanish purse seiners and French logbook data to estimate the total number of dFADs and GPS buoys used within the main fishing grounds of these two oceans over the period 2007–2013. In the Atlantic Ocean, the total number of dFADs increased from 1175 dFADs active in January 2007 to 8575 dFADs in August 2013. In the Indian Ocean, this number increased from 2250 dFADs in October 2007 to 10 300 dFADs in September 2013. In both oceans, at least a fourfold increase in the number of dFADs was observed over the 7-year study period. Though the relative proportion of natural to artificial floating objects varied over space, with some areas such as the Mozambique Channel and areas adjacent to the mouths of the Niger and Congo rivers being characterized by a relatively high percentage of natural objects, in no region do dFADs represent &lt;50% of the floating objects and the proportion of natural objects has dropped over time as dFAD deployments have increased. Globally, this increased dFAD use represents a major change to the pelagic ecosystem that needs to be closely followed in order to assess its impacts and avoid negative ecosystem consequences.
The Need to Protect Employees with Genetic Predisposition to Mental Illness? The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Case for Regulation
Authors: De Paor Aisling , O’mahony Charles 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Ground-breaking genetic discoveries and technological advances have opened up a new era in genetic exploration, and technological advances have enabled geneticists to successfully uncover the genetic basis of a wide range of diseases. Although currently of limited predictive value, genetic testing promises to potentially revolutionise health care and medical treatment. Among other things, genetic testing technology may offer the prospect of being able to detect the onset of future disabilities, including mental illness. In light of advances in genetic science and technology, questions arise as to whether an appropriate framework exists to protect the interests of individuals and also to acknowledge competing commercial considerations for the use of genetic testing, particularly in the employment context. Against the backdrop of rapidly advancing genetic technologies, this article considers whether it is necessary to regulate genetic testing of employees for mental illness. This article examines the regulation of genetic testing in this area from the perspective of the social model of disability and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. It makes recommendations for addressing the competing interests and argues for the need to regulate genetic testing for mental illnesses in employment, with individual rights at the forefront.
Acute kidney injury in a patient with hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia
Authors: Breunig Michael , Lalama Miguel , Rivard Gabrielle , Kashiwagi Deanne , Cornell Lynn 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is clinically difficult to distinguish from HUS and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Atypical HUS results from dysregulation of complement activation causing thrombotic microangiopathy affecting multiple organ systems. Atypical HUS is associated with high morbidity and mortality, making early recognition and appropriate therapy necessary to improve patient outcomes.
Sharpening the attack on non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Alexander Allison , Quincy Brenda 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has long been a diagnosis with few treatment options and poor outcomes. However, recent discoveries about the molecular biology of NSCLC are changing the way it is treated. Driver mutations that cause uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation have been discovered in some types of NSCLC. This has led to the discovery of therapies that can target a specific driver mutation in advanced NSCLC and halt cancer progression. This article reviews standard treatment of NSCLC and explores the targetable mutations of NSCLC, available targeted treatments, treatment obstacles, and the future of targeted therapy in NSCLC.
Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 Regulates Phagosome Maturation and Is Required for Bacterial Clearance in Escherichia coli Sepsis
Authors: Zhang ZhanQin , Cui Ping , Zhang Kai , Chen QiXing , Fang XiangMing 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel abundantly expressed in macrophages. Trpm2
−/− mice showed exacerbated infection and mortality during polymicrobial sepsis, which is associated with inefficient bacterial killing in macrophages. However, the mechanism of transient receptor potential melastatin 2 regulating bacterial killing remains unknown.

Methods

Trpm2
−/− mice were intraperitoneally injected with Escherichia coli. The survival rate (n = 21) and bacterial burden (n = 5) were assessed. The processes of phagosome maturation and phagosome–lysosome fusion in peritoneal macrophages were extensively studied. The impact of increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration on bacterial clearance in macrophages (n = 3) and on survival rate of Trpm2
−/− mice infected with E. coli (n = 21) was investigated.

Results

Trpm2
−/− mice exhibited increased mortality (85% vs. 54%; P < 0.01) and aggravated bacterial burden during E. coli sepsis. Trpm2
−/− peritoneal macrophages infected with E. coli showed dampened recruitment of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 and impaired phagosome maturation evidenced by a decrease in the accumulation of early endosome antigen 1, whereas a normal acquisition of Ras-related protein in brain 5. Increasing the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in Trpm2
−/− peritoneal macrophages via ionomycin treatment facilitated early endosome antigen 1 recruitment to Ras-related protein in brain 5 and phagosomal localization of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 and consequently enhanced bactericidal activity. Adoptive transfer of ionomycin-treated Trpm2
−/− peritoneal macrophages improved bacterial clearance and survival (67% vs. 29%; P < 0.01) in Trpm2
−/− mice challenged with E. coli.

Conclusions
Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 plays a critical role in host defense against invading bacteria via promoting phagosome maturation through facilitation of early endosome antigen 1 recruitment.