bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of carbyne-like materials during low temperature pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: A natural resource of linear sp carbons
Authors: Khanna Rita , Ikram-Ul-Haq Muhammad , Rawal Aditya , Rajarao Ravindra , Sahajwalla Veena , Cayumil Romina , Mukherjee Partha S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe exploration, understanding and potential applications of ‘Carbyne’, the one-dimensional sp allotrope of carbon, have been severely limited due to its extreme reactivity and a tendency for highly exothermic cross-linking. Due to ill-defined materials, limited characterization and a lack of compelling definitive evidence, even the existence of linear carbons has been questioned. We report a first-ever investigation on the formation of carbyne-like materials during low temperature pyrolysis of biobased lignin, a natural bioresource. The presence of carbyne was confirmed by detecting acetylenic –C≡C– bonds in lignin chars using NMR, Raman and FTIR spectroscopies. The crystallographic structure of this phase was determined as hexagonal: a = 6.052 Å, c = 6.96 Å from x-ray diffraction results. HRSEM images on lignin chars showed that the carbyne phase was present as nanoscale flakes/fibers (~10 nm thick) dispersed in an organic matrix and showed no sign of overlapping or physical contact. These nanostructures did not show any tendency towards cross-linking, but preferred to branch out instead. Overcoming key issues/challenges associated with their formation and stability, this study presents a novel approach for producing a stable condensed phase of sp-bonded linear carbons from a low-cost, naturally abundant, and renewable bioresource.
Enteral Tube Feeding in Paediatric Mitochondrial Diseases
Authors: Choi Han Som , Lee Young-Mock 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe investigated the effects of enteral tube feeding in Korean children with mitochondrial diseases. We performed a retrospective chart review of 68 paediatric patients with mitochondrial diseases on enteral tube feeding at a tertiary referral centre. The outcome of enteral nutrition was evaluated by decrease in gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, weight gain, and increase in developmental quotient (DQ) among patients with data available. Among 68 patients, 56 (82%) were on gastrostomy and 12 (18%) were on prolonged nasogastric (NG) tube feeding. Decrease of GI symptoms was present in 37 of 48 patients (77%). Weight gain was present in 18 of 64 patients (28%) and was more prominent in the gastrostomy group (n = 17/54, 32%). Increase in DQ was similar between the NG tube and gastrostomy groups (total n = 10/48, 21%). Complications occurred in 42% (n = 5/12) of the NG tube group and 64% (n = 36/56) of the gastrostomy group. They varied in range, from mild to severe. Most complications were minor; there were 5 cases (9%) requiring gastrostomy removal or additional procedure and 2 cases (4%) of gastrostomy-related morbidity. Our results show that in paediatric patients with mitochondrial diseases, enteral tube feeding could help enhance quality of life by relieving GI symptoms, ameliorate growth failure and enhance development.
Adjuvant imatinib for patients with high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Rui , Wang Yong , Huang Yuqian , Cui Yaping , Xia Lin , Chen Yi , Zhuang Wen , Zhou Yong , Wu Xiaoting 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe duration of adjuvant imatinib for high-risk patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is still controversial. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the data of high-risk patients with GISTs to investigate the appropriate duration. All 185 patients were divided into 4 groups: <1 year (Group A), 1–2 years (Group B), 2–3 years (Group C) and >3 years (Group D). The mean recurrence-free survival (RFS) in Groups A, B, and C were 44.3, 62.1, and 86.8 months, respectively (P < 0.001); the mean overall survival (OS) in Groups A, B and C was 75.2, 88.1, and 94.7 months, respectively (P = 0.009). The 5-year RFS in Groups A, B, C, and D was 15%, 26%, 83%, and 100%, respectively (P < 0.001); and the 5-year OS was 64%, 88%, 88%, and 100%, respectively (P < 0.001). The greatest impact on unfavorable outcomes was the tumor mitotic rate (HR, 2.01, 95% CI, 1.38–2.94; P < 0.001). Duration of adjuvant imatinib was the only favorable factor (HR, −0.95, 95% CI, 0.93–0.97; P < 0.001). For high-risk patients with high tumor size or mitotic rate, or non-gastric GISTs, we recommend that more than 3 years of adjuvant imatinib is feasible.
Cooling-rate induced softening in a colloidal glass
Authors: Lu Yunzhuo , Zhang Zhihua , Lu Xing , Qin Zuoxiang , Shen Jun , Huang Yongjiang , Liaw Peter K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractContrary to crystalline solids, amorphous solids always become softer when vitrifying the melts under higher cooling rates. Understanding this phenomenon is of utmost importance in providing a basis for the mechanical-performance control of amorphous solids. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to this cooling-rate-induced softening of amorphous solids have remained elusive, especially the dynamic reasons are neglected. Here, we use a colloidal glass as the model system to directly study this issue. Shear modulus is used as the representative parameter to monitor the stress-bearing properties of colloidal glass. The space-spanning immobile particles, whose population is sensitive to the cooling rate, are found to make the dominant contribution to the shear modulus. The rapid solidification induced softening of colloidal glass is observed to originate from fewer immobile particles formed at higher cooling rates.
Open University Learning Analytics dataset
Authors: Kuzilek Jakub , Hlosta Martin , Zdrahal Zdenek 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLearning Analytics focuses on the collection and analysis of learners’ data to improve their learning experience by providing informed guidance and to optimise learning materials. To support the research in this area we have developed a dataset, containing data from courses presented at the Open University (OU). What makes the dataset unique is the fact that it contains demographic data together with aggregated clickstream data of students’ interactions in the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). This enables the analysis of student behaviour, represented by their actions. The dataset contains the information about 22 courses, 32,593 students, their assessment results, and logs of their interactions with the VLE represented by daily summaries of student clicks (10,655,280 entries). The dataset is freely available at https://analyse.kmi.open.ac.uk/open_dataset under a CC-BY 4.0 license.
Monitoring transcription initiation activities in rat and dog
Authors: Lizio Marina , Mukarram Abdul Kadir , Ohno Mizuho , Watanabe Shoko , Itoh Masayoshi , Hasegawa Akira , Lassmann Timo , Severin Jessica , Harshbarger Jayson , Abugessaisa Imad , Kasukawa Takeya , Hon Chung Chau , Carninci Piero , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Forrest Alistair R.R. , Kawaji Hideya 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe promoter landscape of several non-human model organisms is far from complete. As a part of FANTOM5 data collection, we generated 13 profiles of transcription initiation activities in dog and rat aortic smooth muscle cells, mesenchymal stem cells and hepatocytes by employing CAGE (Cap Analysis of Gene Expression) technology combined with single molecule sequencing. Our analyses show that the CAGE profiles recapitulate known transcription start sites (TSSs) consistently, in addition to uncover novel TSSs. Our dataset can be thus used with high confidence to support gene annotation in dog and rat species. We identified 28,497 and 23,147 CAGE peaks, or promoter regions, for rat and dog respectively, and associated them to known genes. This approach could be seen as a standard method for improvement of existing gene models, as well as discovery of novel genes. Given that the FANTOM5 data collection includes dog and rat matched cell types in human and mouse as well, this data would also be useful for cross-species studies.
RE-Europe, a large-scale dataset for modeling a highly renewable European electricity system
Authors: Jensen Tue V. , Pinson Pierre 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFuture highly renewable energy systems will couple to complex weather and climate dynamics. This coupling is generally not captured in detail by the open models developed in the power and energy system communities, where such open models exist. To enable modeling such a future energy system, we describe a dedicated large-scale dataset for a renewable electric power system. The dataset combines a transmission network model, as well as information for generation and demand. Generation includes conventional generators with their technical and economic characteristics, as well as weather-driven forecasts and corresponding realizations for renewable energy generation for a period of 3 years. These may be scaled according to the envisioned degrees of renewable penetration in a future European energy system. The spatial coverage, completeness and resolution of this dataset, open the door to the evaluation, scaling analysis and replicability check of a wealth of proposals in, e.g., market design, network actor coordination and forecasting of renewable power generation.
Monogenic Diabetes Not Caused By Mutations in Mody Genes: A Very Heterogenous Group of Diabetes
Authors: Şıklar Zeynep , de Franco Elisa , Johnson Matthew , Flanagan Sarah , Ellard Sian , Ceylaner Serdar , Boztuğ Kaan , Doğu Figen , İkincioğulları Aydan , Kuloğlu Zarife , Kansu Aydan , Berberoğlu Merih 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMonogenic diabetes represents a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from a single gene defect leading to disruption of insulin secretion or a reduction in the number of beta cells. Despite the classification of monogenic diabetes into neonatal diabetes or maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) according to age of onset, not every case can be classified into those 2 groups. We evaluated patients with monogenic diabetes diagnosed during the last 10 year period. Type 1 DM, MODY, and patients with negative autoantibodies and no mutation in a known gene were excluded from the study. Thirteen patients were diagnosed with monogenic diabetes in Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. Five of them were diagnosed after 6 months of age. Five had a KATP channel defect. Mutations in genes resulting in destruction of beta cells were detected in 7 patients, with 4 cases having a WFS, 2 an LRBA, and one a IL2RA mutation. Additional systemic findings were seen in 6/13 patients, with 5/6 having severe immune system dysfunction. Treatment with sulphonylurea was successful in two patients.. The other patients were given insulin in differing doses. Four patients died during follow-up, three of which had immune system dysfunction. Monogenic diabetes can be diagnosed after 6 months of age, even with positive autoantibodies. Immune dysfunction was a common feature in our cohort and should be investigated in all patients with early-onset monogenic diabetes. Mortality of patients with monogenic diabetes and additional autoimmunity was high in our cohort and is likely to reflect the multisystem nature of these diseases.
Methamphetaminkonsum während der Schwangerschaft und dessen Auswirkungen auf das Neugeborene
Authors: Pflügner Alina , Thome Ulrich , Bernhard Matthias , Vogel Mandy , Bläser Annett , Nickel Petra , Kiess Wieland 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Methamphetamin (MA) gehört zu den meistgebrauchten illegalen Substanzen in der Schwangerschaft. Wir untersuchten die Effekte auf den Gestationsverlauf und die Gesundheit der Neugeborenen. 2004–2015 wurden im Universitätsklinikum Leipzig 102 Fälle von Neugeborenen dokumentiert, deren Mütter pränatal MA konsumierten.
Methoden In einer retrospektiven kontrollierten Studie wurden die Auswirkungen des pränatalen MA-Konsums auf das Neugeborene untersucht. Inhalt der Analyse waren u. a. Zeitpunkt der Schwangerschaftsfeststellung, Anzahl besuchter Vorsorgeuntersuchungen, Körpermaße der Neugeborenen, Dauer des postnatalen Krankenhausaufenthalts, Häufigkeit von Frühgeburten, auftretende Fehlbildungen und Symptome des NAS.
Ergebnisse Die Zahl MA-belasteter Neugeborener steigt seit einigen Jahren an. Bei der Mehrzahl der Konsumentinnen wurde die Gravidität im 2. Trimenon festgestellt; sie nahmen durchschnittlich 4 Vorsorgeuntersuchungen wahr. Die Zahl der Frühgeburten ist bei belasteten Kindern doppelt so hoch. Intrauterine Wachstumsretardierungen, Cardiopulmonale Adaptationsstörungen, Vitien und ein schlaffer Muskeltonus sind signifikant häufiger. Die mediane postnatale Verweildauer beträgt 10d (KG:5d). 44% der Kinder wurden in Obhut genommen (KG:0,98%). Der Altersmedian der Erstgebärenden beträgt 22,5a (KG:30a), 4,9% sind verheiratet (KG:38%). 57 der 102 Frauen sind arbeitslos oder -suchend.
Schlussfolgerung Die Auswirkungen des pränatalen MA-Gebrauchs erfordern multiprofessionelle Teamarbeit, um den Konsum frühzeitig zu detektieren, Nebenwirkungen vorzubeugen, die Kinder adäquat medizinisch zu behandeln und die Familien psychologisch und sozial zu unterstützen.
Rapid adaptive evolution in novel environments acts as an architect of population range expansion
Authors: Szűcs M. , Vahsen M. L. , Melbourne B. A. , Hoover C. , Weiss-Lehman C. , Hufbauer R. A. 
Published: November 2017

Significance
It is crucial to understand what governs the growth and spread of populations colonizing novel environments to better predict species responses to global change, including range shifts in response to warming and biological invasions. Evolutionary processes can be rapid enough to influence colonizing populations; however, it is unclear whether evolution governs the course of colonization events or if it is an outcome that arises gradually after successful establishment. We either allowed or restricted evolution in replicate populations released in a novel environment, and found that populations that were allowed to evolve grew three times larger and expanded their ranges 46% faster compared with nonevolving populations. Thus, evolution facilitates colonization from the outset and should be considered in management decisions.
Unleashing meiotic crossovers in hybrid plants
Authors: Fernandes Joiselle Blanche , Séguéla-Arnaud Mathilde , Larchevêque Cécile , Lloyd Andrew H. , Mercier Raphael 
Published: November 2017

Significance
In eukaryotes, meiotic recombination shuffles genetic information at each generation, making each offspring unique. In addition to its key role in heredity and evolution, this gene reshuffling is central in plant and animal breeding, which relies on the ability to combine desired alleles. However, the number of recombination events by generation is low, limiting the power of breeding programs. Here we showed that meiotic recombination can be massively increased in hybrid plants, up to almost eightfold. This opens the possibility of manipulating recombination to enhance the efficiency of plant breeding programs, which is important as we face the double challenge of ensuring food security while preserving natural resources.
Equilibrium study for ternary mixtures of biodiesel
Authors: Doungsri S , Sookkumnerd T , Wongkoblap A , Nuchitprasittichai A 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the ternary mixtures of methanol + fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) + palm oil and FAME + palm oil + glycerol at various temperatures from 35 to 55°C, the tie lines and binodial curves were also investigated and plotted in the equilibrium curve. The experimental results showed that the binodial curves of methanol + FAME + palm oil depended significantly with temperature while the binodial curves of FAME + palm oil + glycerol illustrated insignificant change with temperatures. The interaction parameters between liquid pair obtained for NRTL (Nonrandom Two-Liquid) and UNIQUAC (Universal Quasi-Chemical Theory) models from the experimental data were also investigated. It was found that the correlated parameters of UNIQUAC model for system of FAME + palm oil + glycerol, denoted as a13 and a31, were 580.42K and -123.69K, respectively, while those for system of methanol + FAME + palm oil, denoted as a42 and a24, were 71.48 K and 965.57K, respectively. The ternary LLE data reported here would be beneficial for engineers and scientists to use for prediction of yield and purity of biodiesel for the production. The UNIQUAC model agreed well with the experimental data of ternary mixtures of biodiesel.
Faculty Support for Self-Directed Learning in Internal Medicine Residency: A Qualitative Study Using Grounded Theory
Authors: Sawatsky Adam P. , Ratelle John T. , Bonnes Sara L. , Egginton Jason S. , Beckman Thomas J. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Self-directed learning (SDL) is part of residency training, which residents desire guidance in implementing. To characterize SDL within the clinical context, this study explored residents’ perceptions of faculty members’ role in promoting and supporting resident SDL.

Method
Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, the authors conducted seven focus groups with 46 internal medicine residents at the Mayo Clinic Internal Medicine Residency Program from October 2014 to January 2015. Focus group transcripts were deidentified and processed through open coding and analytic memo writing. Guided by a previously developed SDL model, data were analyzed regarding faculty member involvement in resident SDL. Themes were organized and patterns were discussed at team meetings, with constant comparison with new data. Trustworthiness was established using two member-check sessions.

Results
The authors identified themes within the categories of faculty guidance for SDL, SDL versus other-directed learning (ODL), and faculty archetypes for supporting SDL. Clinical teachers play a key role in facilitating resident SDL and can provide guidance at each step in the SDL process. Residents discussed the distinction between SDL and ODL, highlighting the integrated nature of learning and interplay between the two approaches to learning. Residents identified themes relating to three archetypal approaches faculty implement to support resident SDL in the clinical environment (directed, collaborative, and role model SDL), with benefits and challenges of each approach.

Conclusions
This study underscores the importance of external guidance for resident SDL and expands on approaches faculty members can use to support SDL in the clinical context.
Development of a Simple Preoperative Risk Score for Persistent Pain After Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Dereu Domitille , Savoldelli Georges L. , Combescure Christophe , Mathivon Stanislas , Rehberg Benno 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
Persistent postoperative pain is reported by 30% to 50% of patients following breast cancer surgery. Studies testing preventive measures, however, have so far failed to produce consistent positive results. If preventive measures could be targeted to a subgroup of patients at high risk of persistent pain, positive results would be more likely. Our aim was to develop a simple risk score predicting persistent pain after breast cancer surgery.

Materials and Methods:
In a prospective observational cohort study, we tested the predictive ability of a 4 simple items score for persistent pain in 200 patients scheduled for breast cancer surgery. A multivariable logistic regression model was created for the outcome of clinically important pain at 4 months.

Results:
On the basis of literature review and univariable analysis of our data, 4 parameters were selected: preoperative pain at the surgical site, history of depression, age below 50 years and expected pain of high intensity (>6/10). Points for the score are based on the coefficients of the logistic regression model. A total score ≥2 points/5 predicts a risk of developing clinically important pain at 4 months >30%, with an area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic of 0.81.

Discussion:
We studied known risk factors for persistent pain in patients scheduled for breast cancer surgery and constructed a preoperative risk score simple enough to select high-risk patients in future prevention studies.
Adverse effects of phenytoin and fosphenytoin
Authors: Ferner Robin E. 
Published: November 2017

Summary
Phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) and fosphenytoin are still important treatments for seizure disorders. The experience of fosphenytoin suggests that many of the adverse effects recognized to occur with phenytoin can also occur with the newer pro-drug. Here we consider some of the more important adverse effects of these agents.
Hemi-Intravascular Stenting for Supermicrosurgical Anastomosis
Authors: Tashiro Kensuke , Yamashita Shuji , Narushima Mitsunaga , Koshima Isao , Miyamoto Shimpei 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Although supermicrosurgical anastomosis is a widely known reconstructive microsurgical technique, it is difficult to perform. To expand the clinical use of supermicrosurgery, we used hemi-intravascular stenting (hemi-IVaS), which is performed by inserting an intravascular stent into one side of the vessel. We conducted lymphaticovenular anastomosis, free perforator flap transfer, and fingertip replantation with supermicrosurgical anastomosis using hemi-IVaS technique and examined its usefulness.

Methods:
Between January 2013 and February 2015, 11 anastomoses in 11 cases of lymphaticovenular anastomosis for lymphedema patients, 14 anastomoses in 7 cases of free perforator flap transfer with supermicrosurgical perforator-to-perforator anastomosis, and 9 anastomoses in 5 cases of fingertip replantation were performed using hemi-IVaS. Time required for anastomosis and complications were examined. Flap survival rate was also examined in free perforator flap transfer cases and fingertip replantation cases.

Results:
In all cases, anastomoses were performed without complications such as inadvertent catching of the back wall of the vessel during the procedure or the need for reanastomoses. The average time required to complete the anastomosis was 16.4 ± 3.20 minutes using the hemi IVaS technique. All flaps survived in the supermicrosurgical perforator-to-perforator anastomosis as well as fingertip replantation cases.

Conclusions:
Hemi-IVaS could be a useful alternative to conventional intravascular stenting techniques and is also effective for supermicrosurgical perforator-to-perforator anastomosis. Further studies are needed to improve the success rate and to explore its other possible utilizations in supermicrosurgery.