bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DA RECARGA NO SISTEMA AQUÍFERO GRANULAR E FISSURAL NA ÁREA DO CAMPUS PAMPULHA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Ribeiro João Pedro Marques , Velásquez Leila Nunes Menegasse , Carvalho Filho Carlos Alberto de , Fleming Peter Marshall 
Published: November 2015

No presente estudo analisou-se a recarga no sistema aquífero existente na área do campus Pampulha da UFMG, em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Este Sistema Aquífero é composto por dois aquíferos em um ambiente geológico com duas identidades litoestratigráficas distintas. Sendo, um aquífero granular, sobrejacente, caracterizado pelo manto de intemperismo, e um aquifero fraturado, subjacente, caracterizado por rochas do Complexo Belo Horizonte, principalmente gnaisses e granitos. A área de estudo possui uma rede de poços tubulares profundos e poços de monitoramento, formada por doze poços tubulares profundos e sete poços de monitoramento. Neste estudo a recarga foi qualificada a partir de premissas das principais variáveis que a influenciam, entre elas a precipitação, a litologia, a profundidade do nível potenciométrico e o relevo. O trabalho se baseou em dados pré-existentes advindos do monitoramento do nível d’água, realizado entre 1997 e 2000, em poços e piezômetros existentes na área de estudo. A análise estatística apontou a precipitação e a textura dos solos como os fatores que mais influenciam na recarga local. Foi constatado que há uma conexão hidráulica entre os dois aquíferos e, por conseguinte uma recarga indireta do aquífero superior para o basal.Palavras-chave: Recarga direta; monitoramento de nível d’água; conexão hidráulica; aqüíferos poroso e fraturado. Abstract: ANALYSIS ON RECHARGE OF AQUIFER SYSTEM GRANULAR AND FISSURE ON UFMG CAMPUS AREA, BELO HORIZONTE, MG. In the present paper we analyzed the existing aquifer recharge system in the campus area UFMG, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. This aquifer system consists of two aquifers in a geological environment with two distinct lithostratigraphic identities. Being a granular aquifer, overlying, characterized by weathering mantle, and a fractured aquifer, underlying, characterized by rocks of the Complex Belo Horizonte, mainly gneisses and granites. The study area has a network of deep wells and monitoring wells, formed by twelve deep wells and seven monitoring wells. In this study the clearance was qualified from the premises of the main variables that influence it, including precipitation, lithology, depth of potentiometric level and relief. The work was based on pre-existing data obtained from the monitoring of the water level, conducted between 1997 and 2000 in existing wells and piezometers in the study area. The statistical analysis showed precipitation and soil texture as the factors that most influence in local recharge. It has been found that there is a hydraulic connection between the two aquifers and therefore an indirect upper aquifer recharge to baseline.Keywords: Recharge; water level monitoring; hydraulic connection; fractured and granular aquifer.
DEGRADAÇÃO DOS SOLOS AO LONGO DE UMA TRILHA DE DESTINO A ATRATIVOS DO MONUMENTO GEOTURÍSTICO SERRA DE SÃO JOSÉ, TIRADENTES, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL.
Authors: Sena Ítalo Sousa de , Teixeira Hilton Wagner , Figueiredo Múcio do Amaral , Rocha Leonardo Cristian 
Published: November 2015

O desenvolvimento dos ideais conservacionistas e o surgimento de modalidades turísticas como o ecoturismo e o geoturismo ampliou o interesse das populações urbanas por áreas naturais. Esse acréscimo de visitação em áreas de preservação ambiental é positivo em relação à divulgação dos patrimônios biótico e abiótico. Contudo, o acesso a este tipo de atrativo é feito principalmente através de trilhas, e a intensificação da utilização das mesmas podem atuar como vetores de propagação de diversos desequilíbrios ambientais, tais como exposição, compactação e erosão do solo. Para entender estes processos de degradação de trilhas foi utilizada como área de estudo a trilha do Carteiro, localizada na APA Serra São José, no município de Tiradentes, Minas Gerais. A análise se baseou na utilização do método de Área Seccional Transversal (AST), e cálculo das taxas de compactação do solo no leito e nas bordas da trilha. Foram separados diversos pontos de controle ao longo da trilha, onde foi aplicada a metodologia proposta. Trechos da trilha foram analisados, obtendo-se os valores de perda de solo em centímetros quadrados e as taxas de compactação em megapascal.Palavras-chave: Trilhas, geoturismo, ast, erosão e compactação do solo. Abstract: SOIL DEGRADATION ALONG A TRAIL DESTINATION ATTRACTIVES OF THE SERRA DE SÃO JOSÉ GEOTOURISTIC MONUMENT, TIRADENTES COUNTY, MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL. The development of conservation ideal and the rise of tourist modalities such as ecotourism and geotourism increased the interest of urban populations for natural areas. This increase visitation in areas of environmental preservation is positive with respect to the disclosure of biotic and abiotic heritage. However, access to this type of attraction is mostly done through trails, and the increasing use of them can act as vectors for the spread of many environmental disturbances, such as exposure, compaction and soil erosion. To understand these processes of degradation of trails was used as the study area of the Carteiro trail, located at Serra São José Environmental Protection Area, in the Tiradentes county, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The analysis is based on the use of the method of Cross Sectional Area (CSA), and estimation of soil compaction in the bed and on the edges of the trail. Were separated several checkpoints along the trail, where the methodology proposed was applied. These sections were analyzed, yielding values of soil loss in square centimeters and compaction rates in megapascals.Key-words: Trail, geoturism, csa, erosion and soil compaction.
Variación de la concentarción foliar de nutrimentos en Vochysia guatemalensis J.D Smith en plantaciones de la zona norte y caribe de Costa Rica.
Authors: Badilla-Valverde Yorleny , Murillo-Gamboa Olman 
Published: November 2015

<em>Vochysia guatemalensis</em> conocido en Costa Rica comochancho blanco, es una especie nativa con buen desarrolloen plantaciones forestales. En Costa Rica es una de las especies nativas más utilizada en reforestación, pero no se cuenta con el paquete tecnológico suficiente para plantarla a gran escala. Uno de los factores necesarios para poder aumentar su tasa de reforestación, esconocer las concentraciones foliares de nutrimentos óptima para la especie. En el presente estudio se realizóun muestreo foliar de 35 árboles en donde se analizó la relación entre la variación de la concentración foliar de nutrimentos según la clase diamétrica y la posición de lahoja en la rama. Se encontró que según clase diamétricalos macronutrientes disminuyen en el siguiente orden N&gt; K &gt; Ca &gt; Mg &gt; S &gt; P, excepto para la clase diamétricade 5,1-10,1 cm, en la que invirtieron la posición el K y Ca. Las concentraciones foliares de K, Fe y Mn, tienen un leve aumento al incrementar la clase diamétrica. Mientras que las concentraciones foliares de Fe y Mn difieren según la case diamétrica. Sus valores más altos se encontraron en la primera clase diamétrica (5,1-10,1 cm). La concentración foliar de N, es la única quese vio afectada por la posición de la hoja (follaje) en larama. Los niveles críticos foliares propuestos para la especie coinciden con los reportados en otras especies. En futuras investigaciones es importante aumentar eltamaño de muestra, ya que el coeficientes de variación en todos los nutrimentos fue mayor al 10%.
A New Approach for Selecting Sand-Control Technique in Horizontal Openhole Completions
Authors: Parlar M.. , Tibbles R. J. , Gadiyar B.. , Stamm B.. 
Published: November 2015

Summary
Openhole sand-control technique selection has been a topic of interest since the late 1990s and was discussed most comprehensively in SPE 85504 (Price-Smith et al. 2003), which proposed guidelines for selection between standalone screens (SASs), α/β packing, and shunt-tube packing. Proposed guidelines were based on formation characteristics such as formation strength, particle-size distribution (PSD), mineralogy across the well path; risk factors involved in execution as well as reliability/longevity; and cost considerations. From a PSD standpoint, their guidelines were based on the criteria proposed earlier in SPE 39437 (Tiffin et al. 1998), whereas risk evaluation was based on the technologies available at that time. Since then, significant advancements were made in understanding sand-retention mechanisms and failure modes of SASs, and in technology development to extend the limits of openhole gravel packing. These combined with the field experience in the last decade certainly warrant re-examination of their guidelines, which is the objective of this paper.
In this paper, we begin with a critical review of the current sand-control technique-selection methodologies for openhole completions, including the way some of the risk factors are being evaluated to eliminate a given completion technique. On the basis of the technologies developed in the last decade, we propose a new approach for selecting sand-control technique, along with techniques/tools for proper evaluation of the risk factors. The proposed approach significantly extends the application limits of SASs and α/β packing compared with what was proposed in SPE 85504 (Price-Smith et al. 2003).
The Effect of Clay Type on Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Performance
Authors: Kar Taniya , Mukhametshina Albina , Unal Yasin , Hascakir Berna 
Published: November 2015

Summary
This study investigates the effect of clay type on the performance variations of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). Two SAGD experiments at identical experimental conditions were conducted. The reservoir rock for the first experiment (SAGD1) is prepared with a sand (85 wt%) and kaolinite (15 wt%) mixture, and the second experiment (SAGD2) is prepared with a sand (85 wt%), kaolinite (13.5 wt%), and illite (1.5 wt%) mixture. The effectiveness of the steam-chamber growth did not change with the clay type; however, 15-wt% reduction in oil recovery was observed for SAGD2. The possible reasons were investigated with the analyses on the produced-water, the produced-oil, and the spent-rock samples. Contact-angle, particle-size, zeta-potential, and interfacial-tension measurements were carried out on the samples. The mineralogical changes on spent-rock samples were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning-electron-microscope (SEM) analyses. The contact-angle measurements on the spent-rock samples displayed the higher oil-wetness for SAGD2 than SAGD1. However, the water-wetness of illite is known to be higher than that of kaolinite. This unexpected result is explained by the interaction of illite and the asphaltenes from SAGD2. The particle-size measurements, along with the SEM images, on post-mortem samples reveal that illite containing clay exhibits cementation behaviour and, hence, reduces the permeability of the rock. According to the experimental results, we developed hypotheses to understand the bitumen/illite and bitumen/kaolinite interactions for SAGD. Because of the high water-wetness of illite, illite particles first interact with water. This interaction results in cementation and forms illite lumps with sand. Then, illite lumps continue to interact more vigorously with the polar molecules (water, asphaltenes, and resins). Clay migration and production occur in both clay types; however, while kaolinite is produced in the water phase, illite-containing clay as a result of its interaction with asphaltenes is produced in the oil phase.
A New Panel of SNP Markers for the Individual Identification of North American Pumas
Authors: Fitak Robert R. , Naidu Ashwin , Thompson Ron W. , Culver Melanie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPumas Puma concolor are one of the most studied terrestrial carnivores because of their widespread distribution, substantial ecological impacts, and conflicts with humans. Over the past decade, managing pumas has involved extensive efforts including the use of genetic methods. Microsatellites have been the most commonly used genetic markers; however, technical artifacts and little overlap of frequently used loci render large-scale comparison of puma genetic data across studies challenging. Therefore, a panel of genetic markers that can produce consistent genotypes across studies without the need for extensive calibrations is essential for range-wide genetic management of puma populations. Here, we describe the development of PumaPlex, a high-throughput assay to genotype 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms in pumas. We validated PumaPlex in 748 North American pumas Puma concolor couguar, and demonstrated its ability to generate reproducible genotypes and accurately identify individuals. Furthermore, in a test using fecal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples, we found that PumaPlex produced significantly more genotypes with fewer errors than 12 microsatellite loci, 8 of which are commonly used. Our results demonstrate that PumaPlex is a valuable tool for the genetic monitoring and management of North American puma populations. Given the analytical simplicity, reproducibility, and high-throughput capability of single nucleotide polymorphisms, PumaPlex provides a standard panel of markers that promotes the comparison of genotypes across studies and independent of the genotyping technology used.
Scar Revision Surgery: The Patient's Perspective
Authors: Miranda Benjamin H , Allan Anna Y , Butler Daniel P , Cussons Paul D 
Published: November 2015

Background Insufficient satisfaction outcome literature exists to assist consultations for scar revision surgery; such outcomes should reflect the patient's perspective. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate scar revision patient satisfaction outcomes, according to specified patient-selection criteria.
Methods Patients (250) were randomly selected for telephone contacting regarding scar revisions undertaken between 2007-2011. Visual analogue scores were obtained for scars pre- and post-revision surgery. Surgery selection criteria were; 'presence' of sufficient time for scar maturation prior to revision, technical issues during or wound complications from the initial procedure that contributed to poor scarring, and 'absence' of site-specific or patient factors that negatively influence outcomes. Patient demographics, scar pathogenesis (elective vs. trauma), underlying issue (functional/symptomatic vs. cosmetic) and revision surgery details were also collected with the added use of a real-time, hospital database.
Results Telephone contacting was achieved for 211 patients (214 scar revisions). Satisfaction outcomes were '2% worse, 16% no change, and 82% better'; a distribution maintained between body sites and despite whether surgery was functional/symptomatic vs. cosmetic. Better outcomes were reported by patients who sustained traumatic scars vs. those who sustained scars by elective procedures (91.80% vs. 77.78%, P=0.016) and by females vs. males (85.52% vs. 75.36%, P<0.05), particularly in the elective group where males (36.17%) were more likely to report no change or worse outcomes versus females (16.04%) (P<0.01).
Conclusions Successful scar revision outcomes may be achieved using careful patient selection. This study provides useful information for referring general practitioners, and patient-surgeon consultations, when planning scar revision.
Comparison of Ultrasound‐Guided Core Needle Biopsy and Endoscopic Ultrasound‐Guided Fine‐Needle Aspiration for Solid Pancreatic Lesions
Authors: Sur Young Keun , Kim Young Chul , Kim Jai Keun , Lee Jei Hee , Yoo Byung Moo , Kim Young Bae 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesThe objective of our study was to compare the diagnostic yield of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) using a 25‐gauge needle and ultrasound (US)‐guided core needle biopsy (CNB) using an 18‐gauge core needle for diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions.MethodsThis retrospective study was approved by our Institutional Review Board, and the requirement for informed consent was waived. Patients who underwent either EUS‐guided FNA or US‐guided CNB for a solid pancreatic lesion from January 2008 to December 2012 were included and reviewed. Fine‐needle aspirations and CNBs were performed by experienced endoscopists and radiologists. The diagnostic yield, accuracy, technical failure rate, sensitivity, and specificity for malignancy were calculated and compared.ResultsA total of 106 biopsy attempts were undertaken in 89 patients (EUS‐guided FNA, n = 70; US‐guided CNB, n = 36). Biopsy specimens were successfully obtained in 98 biopsy attempts (EUS‐guided FNA, n = 63; US‐guided CNB, n = 35). The accuracy, technical failure rate, sensitivity, and specificity of EUS‐guided FNA for malignancy (73.02%, 10.00%, 77.78%, and 44.44%, respectively) was not significantly different from those of US‐guided CNB (88.57%, 2.78%, 87.10%, and 100%, respectively; P ≥ .089). Diagnostic performance did not differ between the modalities according to the size and the location of the lesion in the pancreas. However, the diagnostic yield of US‐guided CNB (86.11%) was higher than that of EUS‐guided FNA (65.71%, P = .035).ConclusionsThe diagnostic yield of US‐guided CNB for solid pancreatic lesions is superior to that of EUS‐guided FNA.
Decadal trends of ocean and land carbon fluxes from a regional joint ocean‐atmosphere inversion
Authors: Steinkamp K. , Gruber N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFrom 1980 until 2010, the combined CO2 sink strengths of ocean and land increased by nearly 50% (−0.55 Pg C yr−1 decade−1), but the spatial distribution of this trend is not well known. We address this by performing a joint cyclostationary ocean‐atmosphere inversion for the three decades 1980–1989, 1990–1999, and 2000–2008, using only carbon data from the ocean and atmosphere as constraints, i.e., without applying any prior information about the land fluxes. We find that in the inversion, most of the 30 year sink trend stems from the ocean (−0.44 Pg C yr−1 decade−1). The contribution of the terrestrial biosphere is commensurably smaller but has more decadal variability. First, the land sink strength intensified in the 1990s by 0.4 (±0.3) Pg C yr−1 compared to the 1980s but then weakened slightly by 0.2 (±0.4) Pg C yr−1 in the 2000s. The different land regions contributed very variedly to these global trends. While the northern extratropical land acted as an increasing carbon sink throughout the examined period primarily driven by boreal regions, the tropical land is estimated to have acted as an increasing source of CO2, with source magnitude and trend dominated by enhanced release in tropical America during the Amazon mean wet season. This pattern is largely unchanged if the oceanic inversion constraint, which is based on a stationary ocean circulation, is replaced by an estimate based on simulation results from an ocean biogeochemical general circulation model that includes year‐to‐year variability in the air‐sea CO2 fluxes and also has a trend (−0.07 Pg C yr−1 decade−1) that is at the very low end of current estimates. However, the land/ocean partitioning of the trend contribution is adjusted accordingly. Oceanic carbon data has a major impact on carbon exchange for all tropical regions and southern Africa but also for observationally better constrained regions in North America and temperate Asia. The European trend exhibits a strong sensitivity to the choice of the atmospheric CO2 network.
Dating base flow in streams using dissolved gases and diurnal temperature changes
Authors: Sanford Ward E. , Casile Gerolamo , Haase Karl B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA method is presented for using dissolved CFCs or SF6 to estimate the apparent age of stream base flow by indirectly estimating the mean concentration of the tracer in the inflowing groundwater. The mean value is estimated simultaneously with the mean residence times of the gas and water in the stream by sampling the stream for one or both age tracers, along with dissolved nitrogen and argon at a single location over a period of approximately 12–14 h. The data are fitted to an equation representing the temporal in‐stream gas exchange as it responds to the diurnal temperature fluctuation. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated by collecting and analyzing samples at six different stream locations across parts of northern Virginia, USA. The studied streams drain watersheds with areas of between 2 and 122 km2 during periods when the diurnal stream temperature ranged between 2 and 5°C. The method has the advantage of estimating the mean groundwater residence time of discharge from the watershed to the stream without the need for the collection of groundwater infiltrating to streambeds or local groundwater sampled from shallow observation wells near the stream.
Anisotropy in the subducting slab: Observations from Philippine Sea plate events in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Kate Huihsuan , Tseng Yu‐Lung , Furumura Takashi , Kennett Brian L. N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the southernmost Ryukyu subduction zone, slab‐guiding behavior from intermediate‐depth earthquakes is well documented with a low‐frequency (<2 Hz) first P arrival followed by sustained high‐frequency (3–10 Hz) wave trains. Such waves developed by propagating along a long path within the slab are expected to have high sensitivity to anisotropy within the slab. We determine shear wave splitting parameters from 178 intraplate events that are deeper than 100 km. The possible slab‐anisotropy‐associated polarization pattern shows the fast direction at N65°E and delay time of 0.13–0.45 s. This is stronger than the previously documented crust effect (<0.1 s), similar to the mantle wedge effect (0.28 s in average), but weaker than the upper mantle effect (1.3 s in average) in Taiwan. The fast axis reflects the fossil spreading direction of Philippine Sea plate with minor clockwise rotation due to the collision to Eurasian plate.
Effects of Reductions in Body Mass Index on the Future Osteoarthritis Burden in Canada: A Population‐Based Microsimulation Study
Authors: Kopec Jacek A. , Sayre Eric C. , Fines Philippe , Flanagan William M. , Nadeau Claude , Okhmatovskaia Anya , Wolfson Michael C. ,   the Simulation Technology for Applied Research Team
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease and a major cause of disability. Incidence and prevalence of OA are expected to increase due to population aging and increased levels of obesity. The purpose of this study was to project the effect of hypothetical interventions that change the distribution of body mass index (BMI) on OA burden in Canada.MethodsWe used a microsimulation computer model of OA based on the Population Health Model platform. The model used demographic predictions for Canada and population data from an administrative database in British Columbia and national Canadian surveys.ResultsUnder the base‐case scenario, between 2010 and 2030, OA prevalence is expected to increase from 11.5% to 15.6% in men and 16.3% to 21.1% in women. In scenarios assuming, on average, a 0.3‐, 0.5‐, or 1‐unit drop in BMI per year, OA prevalence in 2030 would reach 14.9%, 14.6%, and 14.2% in men and 20.3%, 19.7%, and 18.5%, in women, respectively. Under these scenarios, the proportion of new cases prevented would be 9.5%, 13.2%, and 16.7%, respectively, in men, and 9.1%, 15.2%, and 25.0% in women. Targeting only those people ages ≥50 years for weight reduction would achieve approximately 70% of the impact of a full population strategy. Targeting only the obese (BMI ≥30) would likely result in a larger benefit for men than women.ConclusionDue to the aging of the population, OA will remain a major and growing health issue in Canada over the next 2 decades, regardless of the course of the obesity epidemic.