bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Interactions between Hepatitis C Virus and Secreted Apolipoprotein E
Authors: Li Zhihua , Li Yadong , Bi Yanwei , Zhang Hui , Yao Yufeng , Li Qihan , Cun Wei , Dong Shaozhong 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Interactions between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and lipoproteins in humans play an important role in the efficient establishment of chronic infection. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) on the HCV envelope mediates virus attachment to host cells as well as immune evasion. This interaction is thought to occur in hepatocytes, as ApoE plays dual functions in HCV assembly and maturation as well as cell attachment. In the present study, we found that secreted ApoE (sApoE) can also bind to viral particles via its C-terminal domain after HCV is released from the cell. Furthermore, the binding affinity of interactions between the sApoE N terminus and cell surface receptors affected HCV infectivity in a dose-dependent manner. The extracellular binding of sApoE to HCV is dependent on HCV envelope proteins, and recombinant HCV envelope proteins are also able to bind to sApoE. These results suggest that extracellular interactions between HCV and sApoE may potentially complicate vaccine development and studies of viral pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
End-stage liver disease caused by chronic HCV infection remains a clinical challenge, and there is an urgent need for a prophylactic method of controlling HCV infection. Because host immunity against HCV is poorly understood, additional investigations of host-virus interactions in the context of HCV are important. HCV is primarily transmitted through blood, which is rich in lipoproteins. Therefore, it is of interest to further determine how HCV interacts with lipoproteins in human blood. In this study, we found that secreted ApoE (sApoE), an exchangeable component found in lipoproteins, participates in extracellular interactions with HCV virions. More significantly, different variants of sApoE differentially affect HCV infection efficiency in a dose-dependent manner. These findings provide greater insight into HCV infection and host immunity and could help propel the development of new strategies for preventing HCV infection.
Automated quality control of forced oscillation measurements: respiratory artifact detection with advanced feature extraction
Authors: Pham Thuy T. , Leong Philip H. W. , Robinson Paul D. , Gutzler Thomas , Jee Adelle S. , King Gregory G. , Thamrin Cindy 
Published: May 2017

The forced oscillation technique (FOT) can provide unique and clinically relevant lung function information with little cooperation with subjects. However, FOT has higher variability than spirometry, possibly because strategies for quality control and reducing artifacts in FOT measurements have yet to be standardized or validated. Many quality control procedures rely on either simple statistical filters or subjective evaluation by a human operator. In this study, we propose an automated artifact removal approach based on the resistance against flow profile, applied to complete breaths. We report results obtained from data recorded from children and adults, with and without asthma. Our proposed method has 76% agreement with a human operator for the adult data set and 79% for the pediatric data set. Furthermore, we assessed the variability of respiratory resistance measured by FOT using within-session variation (wCV) and between-session variation (bCV). In the asthmatic adults test data set, our method was again similar to that of the manual operator for wCV (6.5 vs. 6.9%) and significantly improved bCV (8.2 vs. 8.9%). Our combined automated breath removal approach based on advanced feature extraction offers better or equivalent quality control of FOT measurements compared with an expert operator and computationally more intensive methods in terms of accuracy and reducing intrasubject variability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is gaining wider acceptance for clinical testing; however, strategies for quality control are still highly variable and require a high level of subjectivity. We propose an automated, complete breath approach for removal of respiratory artifacts from FOT measurements, using feature extraction and an interquartile range filter. Our approach offers better or equivalent performance compared with an expert operator, in terms of accuracy and reducing intrasubject variability.
Inadequate Triglyceride Management Worsens the Durability of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shimoda Masashi , Miyoshi-Takai Maiko , Irie Shintaro , Tanabe Akihito , Obata Atsushi , Okauchi Seizo , Hirukawa Hidenori , Kimura Tomohiko , Kohara Kenji , Kamei Shinji , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaku Kohei , Kaneto Hideaki 
Published: May 2017

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are often used all over the world and exert various beneficial effects including glucose-lowering effect in many subjects with type 2 diabetes. It is poorly understood, however, which factors are closely related with the durability of glucose-lowering effect by DPP-4 inhibitor. In this study, we examined retrospectively which factors could mainly influence the durability of DPP-4 inhibitor. We enrolled 212 participants with type 2 diabetes to whom DPP-4 inhibitor was administered for over 1 year without an addition or increase of other hypoglycemic agents. Age and baseline HbA1c level were significantly higher in the effective group than those in the ineffective group. The effective group had a tendency of smaller amounts of weight change, average total cholesterol, and average triglyceride compared with the ineffective group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that average triglyceride and baseline HbA1c were independent predictors associated with the durability of DPP-4 inhibitor. Moreover, an average triglyceride level contributed to the durability of DPP-4 inhibitor in the obese group (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) but not in the nonobese group (BMI < 25 kg/m2). These results suggest the importance of strict triglyceride management to maintain the durability of glucose-lowering effect by DPP-4 inhibitor, especially in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.
L’encadrement étatique de la croyance religieuse dans la pensée de Jacques Zylberberg
Authors: Fontaine Louise 
Published: May 2017

Résumé Cet article explore l’approche et les concepts développés par Jacques Zylberberg dans le domaine de la sociologie des religions. Trois groupes religieux retiennent tout particulièrement l’attention ici : les Témoins de Jéhovah, les Hassidim et les Pentecôtistes catholiques (ou Charismatiques dans le cas du Québec). Le but poursuivi est de préciser en quoi Zylberberg a joué un rôle significatif pour la revue Social Compass et aussi auprès de la Société Internationale de Sociologie des Religions (SISR) tout au long de sa carrière universitaire. Cette réflexion cherche aussi à faire ressortir comment Zylberberg a procédé pour articuler des dimensions théoriques et empiriques face à ce qu’il désigne comme étant l’organisation étatique du religieux.
Implementation and Utilisation of Telepsychiatry in Ontario: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Serhal Eva , Crawford Allison , Cheng Joyce , Kurdyak Paul 
Published: May 2017

Objective: Rural areas in Ontario have fewer psychiatrists, making access to specialist mental health care challenging. Our objective was to characterise psychiatrists delivering and patients receiving telepsychiatry in Ontario and to determine the number of patients who accessed a psychiatrist via telepsychiatry following discharge from psychiatric hospitalisation. Method: We conducted a serial panel study to evaluate the characteristics of psychiatrists providing telepsychiatry from April 2007 to March 2013. In addition, we conducted a cross-sectional study for fiscal year 2012-2013 to examine telepsychiatry patient characteristics and create an in-need patient cohort of individuals with a recent psychiatric hospitalisation that assessed if they had follow-up with a psychiatrist in person or through telepsychiatry within 1 year of discharge. Results: In fiscal year 2012-2013, a total of 3801 people had 5635 telepsychiatry visits, and 7% ( n = 138) of Ontario psychiatrists provided telepsychiatry. Of the 48,381 people identified as in need of psychiatric care, 60% saw a local psychiatrist, 39% saw no psychiatrist, and less than 1% saw a psychiatrist through telepsychiatry only or telepsychiatry in addition to local psychiatry within a year. Three northern regions had more than 50% of in-need patients fail to access psychiatry within 1 year. Conclusions: Currently, relatively few patients and psychiatrists use telepsychiatry. In addition, patients scarcely access telepsychiatry for posthospitalisation follow-up. This study, which serves as a preliminary baseline for telepsychiatry in Ontario, demonstrates that telepsychiatry has not evolved systematically to address need and highlights the importance of system-level planning when implementing telepsychiatry to optimise access to care.
Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: Associations with clinical, MRI and CSF parameters
Authors: Biberacher Viola , Schmidt Paul , Selter Rebecca C , Pernpeinter Verena , Kowarik Markus C , Knier Benjamin , Buck Dorothea , Hoshi Muna-Miriam , Korn Thomas , Berthele Achim , Kirschke Jan S , Zimmer Claus , Hemmer Bernhard , Mühlau Mark 
Published: May 2017

Background: Damage of different brain structures has been related to fatigue. Alternatively, functional alterations of central nervous system (CNS) cells by the inflammatory milieu within the CNS may be responsible for the development of fatigue. Aim: To investigate the effect of structural brain damage and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes on fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: We determined the association of different clinical, CSF and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters with prevalence and severity of fatigue, as measured by the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions in 68 early MS patients (discovery cohort). We validated our findings in two MS cohorts: the MRI validation cohort ( N = 233) for the clinical and MRI parameters, and the CSF validation cohort ( N = 81) for the clinical and CSF parameters. Results: Fatigue was associated with clinical disability. Fatigue did not correlate with any CSF parameter but correlated negatively with total and cortical grey matter volume. However, when controlling for Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in a multivariate model, these associations lost significance. Conclusion: Disability and disease duration best explain fatigue severity but none of the tested MRI or CSF parameter was reliably associated with fatigue.
Design and rationale of the ODYSSEY DM-DYSLIPIDEMIA trial: lipid-lowering efficacy and safety of alirocumab in individuals with type 2 diabetes and mixed dyslipidaemia at high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Müller-Wieland Dirk , Leiter Lawrence A. , Cariou Bertrand , Letierce Alexia , Colhoun Helen M. , Del Prato Stefano , Henry Robert R. , Tinahones Francisco J. , Aurand Lisa , Maroni Jaman , Ray Kausik K. , Bujas-Bobanovic Maja 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often associated with mixed dyslipidaemia, where non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels may more closely align with cardiovascular risk than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). We describe the design and rationale of the ODYSSEY DM-DYSLIPIDEMIA study that assesses the efficacy and safety of alirocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor, versus lipid-lowering usual care in individuals with T2DM and mixed dyslipidaemia at high cardiovascular risk with non-HDL-C inadequately controlled despite maximally tolerated statin therapy. For the first time, atherogenic cholesterol-lowering with a PCSK9 inhibitor will be assessed with non-HDL-C as the primary endpoint with usual care as the comparator.

Methods
DM-DYSLIPIDEMIA is a Phase 3b/4, randomised, open-label, parallel group, multinational study that planned to enrol 420 individuals. Main inclusion criteria were T2DM and mixed dyslipidaemia (non-HDL-C ≥100 mg/dl [≥2.59 mmol/l], and triglycerides ≥150 and <500 mg/dl [≥1.70 and <5.65 mmol/l]) with documented atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or ≥1 additional cardiovascular risk factor. Participants were randomised (2:1) to alirocumab 75 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) or lipid-lowering usual care on top of maximally tolerated statin (or no statin if intolerant). If randomised to usual care, investigators were able to add their pre-specified choice of one of the following to the patient’s current statin regimen: ezetimibe, fenofibrate, omega-3 fatty acids or nicotinic acid, in accordance with local standard-of-care. Alirocumab-treated individuals with non-HDL-C ≥100 mg/dl at week 8 will undergo a blinded dose increase to 150 mg Q2W at week 12. The primary efficacy endpoint is non-HDL-C change from baseline to week 24 with alirocumab versus usual care; other lipid levels (including LDL-C), glycaemia-related measures, safety and tolerability will also be assessed. Alirocumab will be compared to fenofibrate in a secondary analysis.

Results
Recruitment completed with 413 individuals randomised in 14 countries worldwide. Results of this trial are expected in the second quarter of 2017.

Conclusions
ODYSSEY DM-DYSLIPIDEMIA will provide information on the efficacy and safety of alirocumab versus lipid-lowering usual care in individuals with T2DM and mixed dyslipidaemia at high cardiovascular risk using non-HDL-C as the primary efficacy endpoint.
Trial registration NCT02642159 (registered December 24, 2015)
Em busca de um novo modelo
Authors: Wilner Adriana , Santos Aline Lilian dos 
Published: May 2017

Uma placa com a expressão Stop kvetching, de origem ídiche e traduzida como Deixe de mimimi, prepara quem entra na sala de reuniões da Livraria Cultura, em São Paulo, para a chegada de seu CEO, Sergio Herz. O filho primogênito de Pedro Herz, Presidente do Conselho de Administração da empresa, define-se como um líder que não está em sua posição “para agradar às pessoas” e conta que o pai o considera “incendiário”. Na Cultura, começou como estoquista, aos 16 anos, em 1987, quando a empresa fundada pela avó, Eva Herz, possuía apenas a loja do Conjunto Nacional, na Avenida Paulista, e contava com menos de 40 funcionários. Apaixonou-se pelo negócio da família, desistiu de ser médico e, fora um breve estágio no grupo editorial Penguin (Inglaterra), sempre trabalhou na Livraria. Suas principais inspirações vêm de duas experiências pessoais: o ano de Exército, no Centro de Preparação de Oficiais da Reserva de São Paulo (CPOR/ SP), em que aprendeu “o poder da disciplina e da perseverança”, e os três meses de trabalho em um kibutz, em Israel, onde conviveu com pessoas de vários países e pôde “abrir a cabeça”.Desde 2009 no comando da empresa ─ que hoje possui 18 lojas, além da operação on-line, e conta com aproximadamente 1.500 colaboradores ─, Sergio enfrenta duas crises: a conjuntural, que atinge o país, e a estrutural, com as transformações que a internet vem provocando no segmento de livrarias. Diante disso, seus planos são dobrar as vendas on-line em cinco anos eganhar nas lojas físicas com a prestação de serviços, além de operar com uma marca própria de restaurantes e cafés na Cultura, como revela nesta entrevista exclusiva à GV-executivo.
Rubber Hand Illusion: Evidence for a multisensory integration of proprioception
Authors: DeCastro Thiago Gomes , Gomes William Barbosa 
Published: May 2017

La presente revisión tiene como objetivo describir una hipótesis de integración multisensorial para la propiocepción a través de la descripción de distintos configuraciones experimentales con la Ilusión de la Mano de Goma (img). img es un paradigma creado en 1998 para explorar la relación entre los sistemas sensoriales visual y táctil. La tarea implica una estimulación síncrona de una mano de los sujetos, oculto de su visión, y una mano de goma en frente del sujeto. Instruidos para mirar la mano de goma, después de aproximadamente medio minuto, el sujeto comienza a sentir la mano de goma como su propia mano. La ilusión produce un sentimiento de propiedad de la mano de goma. La literatura ha investigado ampliamente el experimento en los últimos 15 años, demostrando las funciones dinámicas de los sistemas sensoriales del cerebro y del cuerpo, así como clarificando aspectos de la rehabilitación de sujetos amputados y diferentes tipos de parestesia. La revisión se estructura en torno de tres temas: (1) definición de la img, sus límites y alcances, (2) evidencias fisiológicas y neurocognitivas que dan apoyo a la img, y (3) la img en configuraciones experimentales implicando acción. La revisión concluye que la img es un ejemplo práctico de una tendencia neurocientífica innovadora para el estudio integrado del cuerpo, el cerebro y el espacio perceptual. La ilusión también ha establecido una forma alternativa para el estudio de la propiocepción y la dinámica del cerebro en sujetos normales
Rethinking Schizophrenia in the Light of New Evidence: Thirty Years after the Vermont Longitudinal Study of Persons with Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Fergusson Alberto , Gutierrez-Pelaez Miguel 
Published: May 2017

Despite new evidence, procedures, client testimony, and movements around the world, old myths regarding schizophrenia still prevail among both the public and mental health professionals. Thirty years have passed since the mind-blowing publication in 1987 of the Vermont Longitudinal Study of Persons with Severe Mental Illness (Harding, Brooks, Ashikaga, Straus, & Breier), which led to Harding and Zahniser’s 1994 article, Empirical Correction of Seven Myths about Schizophrenia with Implications for Treatment. We need to systematically review what we know and what we do not know in the light of new evidence. We need to find ways to communicate the knowledge derived from academic research on schizophrenia and psychosis to professionals working with this population, and to people with schizophrenia and their families. Thus can we begin to break down the rock-solid prejudices that have been rooted in humanity for centuries.
Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica: A histological comparative study with osteochondromas
Authors: Stevens J. , Welting T. J. M. , Witlox A. M. , van Rhijn L. W. , Staal H. M. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (DEH) is a rare developmental disorder resulting in epiphyseal overgrowth. Based on histological appearance, it is often described as an osteochondroma or osteochondroma-like lesion, although clinical differences exist between DEH and osteochondromas. The aim of this study was to test whether DEH and osteochondromas are histologically identical diseases. Methods Tissue samples of two age- and gender-matched cases with DEH and hereditary multiple exostoses were histologically compared. Sections were stained with Safranin-O for detection of proteoglycans and immunohistochemistry was performed for detection of collagen type II, collagen type X as a marker of hypertrophic chondrocytes and Sox9 as a marker of proliferative chondrocytes. Due to the rarity, descriptions of the included DEH patients were outlined. Results Histologically, chondrocyte clusters in a fibrillary matrix, a thick disorganised cartilage cap and ossification centres with small amounts of unabsorbed cartilage, were observed in DEH. In contrast, cartilage organisation of osteochondromas displays characteristics of the normal growth plate. Collagen type II was clearly detected in the cartilaginous extracellular matrix in osteochondromas, while weak expression was observed in DEH. Collagen type X was not detected in DEH, while expressed in the matrix surrounding hypertrophic chondrocytes in osteochondromas. Sox9 staining was positive in hypertrophic chondrocytes in osteochondromas, while expressed in nuclei of chondrocyte clusters in DEH. Conclusion Both morphological and immunohistological differences were observed in histological sections of DEH and osteochondromas. These results support the previously identified clinical, radiological and genetic differences and imply a different aetiology between DEH and osteochondroma formation.
Accuracy of Digital Surface Models derived from archival aerial photographs. Case study for the Czech Republic.
Authors: Pacina Jan , Popelka Jan 
Published: May 2017

The archival aerial photographs are widely used for landscape change analysis, settlement identification or georelief reconstructions. The large archive of old aerial photographs is available for the whole Czech Republic and these data are often used by scientists, historians, students, etc. The quality of the datasets (orthophoto, digital surface models) resulting from archival aerial images processing is crucial for the ongoing analyses. The accuracy test of digital surface models derived from archival aerial images origintaing from 1938 and 1953 is presented within this paper. These two timelines were chosen because they preserve the landscape structure in the begining of the heavy indudstrialization of the Czech Republic.
Euthyroid athyroxinemia – a novel endocrine syndrome
Authors: Woodhouse Nicholas , Bahowairath Fatima , Elshafie Omayma 
Published: May 2017

Summary
A 55-year-old female was referred with abnormal thyroid function tests (TFTs); the free thyroxine level (FT4) was undetectable <3.3 pmol/L (normal: 7.9–14.4), while her FT3, TSH and urinary iodine levels were normal. She was clinically euthyroid with a large soft lobulated goitre that had been present for more than thirty years. She received an injection of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) following which there was a progressive rise of the FT3 and TSH levels to 23 pmol/L and >100 mIU/L respectively at 24 h, The FT4 however remained undetectable throughout. Being on thyroxine 100 µg/day for one month, her FT4 level increased to 15 pmol/L and TSH fell to 0.08 mIU/L. Four years earlier at another hospital, her FT4 level had been low (6.8 pmol/L) with a normal TSH and a raised Tc-99 uptake of 20% (normal<4%). We checked the TFTs and Tc-99 scans in 3 of her children; one was completely normal and 2 had euthyroid with soft lobulated goitres. Their Tc-99 scan uptakes were raised at 17% and 15%, with normal TFTs apart from a low FT4 7.2 pmol/L in the son with the largest thyroid nodule. This is a previously unreported form of dyshormonogenesis in which, with time, patients gradually lose their ability to synthesize thyroxine (T4) but not triiodothyroxine (T3).

Learning points:

This is a previously unreported form of dyshormonogenetic goitre.

This goitre progressively loses its ability to synthesize T4 but not T3.

The inability to synthesize T4 was demonstrated by giving rhTSH.
Can decentralisation contribute to promoting rule-of-law structures? The Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Burundi as examples
Authors: Hamann Hartmut 
Published: May 2017

Decentralisation can enable a country's population to exercise political influence at regional and local level. This presupposes a willingness to assume responsibility. It also presupposes that those in power are willing to hand over some of the power. Together these two factors can foster rule-of-law structures.

This paper describes the constitutional and administrative framework for decentralisation in DR Congo, Rwanda and Burundi. It also explores the actual situation in those countries with reference to legal literature from those countries.

In addition, it raises questions regarding the effect of instruments of international law on the decentralisation processes (international organisations, regional integration and international cooperation).