bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bright and enlarged fetal kidneys: One phenotype different genotypes, and counseling dilemmas
Authors: Paliwal Preeti , Thakur Seema , Sharma Shreyasi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn the present study we describe atypical cases with bright and enlarged fetal kidneys identified on fetal ultrasound with different genetic etiologies.MethodsExome sequencing was undertaken after prenatal counseling and after the initial diagnosis of enlarged fetal kidneys was made on ultrasound for four cases and the results were then correlated.ResultsIn the present study we identified underlying variants in ACE, ETFA, PKD1, and MKS1 gene where the atypical presentation of fetal kidneys was noted either as a part of spectrum of syndrome or alone.ConclusionsIn the era of exome sequencing, targeted gene sequencing is getting replaced and for better. However not all answers are direct, and sometimes the variant categorization is dependent on the acumen and agreement of all those involved in the process. It includes those involved the diagnostic as well those catering to the patients. It is very important to be updated on the relevance of multiple gene in causing similar phenotypes particularly in the prenatal context were coming up with a timely diagnosis is very important for any sort of intervention.
Mitigation of biochemical alterations in streptozotocin‐induced gestational diabetes in rats through mesenchymal stem cells and olive leaf extract
Authors: AbdRabou Mervat A. , Mehany Ahmed B. M. , Massoud Diaa , Nabeeh Ahmed , Asran Aml M. , Germoush Mousa O. , Al‐Otaibi Aljohara M. , Atwa Ahmed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTreatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a new promising therapeutic approach with substantial very auspicious potential. They have been shown to protect various played a role in protecting organs from damage. This current study aims to evaluate the impact of the treatment of olive leaf extract (OLE), bone marrow‐derived (BM‐MSCs), and their combination on hepatotoxicity in pregnant rats with diabetes. Methods: Animals were divided into five groups (10 pregnant rats each) as follows: control, GDM group, and OLE group (rats received streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 35 mg/kg body weight). GD + OLE set (pregnant rats were administered OLE at a dose of 200 mg extract/kg of body weight). GD + MSCs group (pregnant rats treated with MSCs). GD + OLE + MSCs group (pregnant rats were treated with both MSCs and OLE). Results: STZ induced significant changes in liver parameters, lipid profile, and oxidative stress. Treatment with OLE, BM‐MSCs, and their combination significantly ameliorated STZ‐induced liver damage and oxidative stress. STZ resulted in a significant change in liver parameters, lipid profile, and oxidative stress. OLE, BM‐MSC, and combination have significantly improved STZ‐induced deterioration in liver and improved oxidative stress. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that OLE and BM‐MSCs have beneficial effects in mitigating diabetes‐related liver alterations. These outcomes showed that OLE and BM‐MSC have beneficial effects in alleviating diabetes‐related alterations in the liver.
Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Cytotoxic Activities of Isoxazole‐Containing Difluoroboron Complexes
Authors: Sadovnikov Kirill S. , Vasilenko Dmitry A. , Astakhova Nadezhda E. , Sazonov Artem S. , Yakushev Alexei A. , Gracheva Yulia A. , Grishin Yuri K. , Tafeenko Victor A. , Milaeva Elena R. , Averina Elena B. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTA large series of previously unknown isoxazole containing difluoroboron β‐diketonate has been designed and synthesized from the available starting compounds. The photophysical properties of obtained compounds were studied, and the effects of the substituents in aromatic and isoxazole cycles of the BF2 complexes on the fluorescence were investigated. The effect of solvatochromism were demonstrated. Cytotoxic activity against MCF‐7 (breast carcinoma), HCT‐116 (colon carcinoma), A549 (pulmonary carcinoma) and WI38 (fibroblasts from lung tissue) cell lines was tested and moderate toxicity in the concentration range of 10–100 μM was found for several compounds.
Knowledge and power: Changing the education of the next generation of development practitioners
Authors: Murray Davies Jo , Bah Chernor , Mulhern Emma , Lamin Precious , Williams Arnold 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis research explores barriers to the academic space in which development knowledge is codified, legitimised and taught. It also speaks to these questions more broadly. Focus group discussions with representatives of 32 civil society organisations in Sierra Leone, 2 follow‐up workshops in Sierra Leone and 24 semi‐structured interviews with senior academics in the UK and North America were conducted to explore: who determines what knowledge is deemed important for students and future development practitioners to know; and how to identify barriers that limit the contribution of a wider range of stakeholders.Racism is identified as a key factor in how knowledge is valued. Additional factors in terms of time, logistics and the structuring of academic space are also significant. Drawing on the work of power analysis scholars, we propose a three‐step framework for curriculum analysis, which identifies (1) key stakeholders in knowledge production and curriculum design; (2) spaces of power (open/invited/claimed/created/closed) within the academy and (3) the interplay of forms of power (visible/hidden/invisible) that facilitate or limit access to these spaces.
The interdependence between rhinovirus cycle threshold values, viral co‐detections, and clinical disease severity in children with and without comorbidities
Authors: Sánchez Códez María Isabel , Benavente Fernández Isabel , Moyer Katherine , Leber Amy L. , Ramilo Octavio , Mejias Asuncion 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRhinoviruses (RVs) are a leading cause of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children. The relationship between RV viral loads (VL), RV/viral‐co‐detections and disease severity, is incompletely understood. We studied children and adolescents ≤21 years with RV‐ARI that were identified as inpatients or outpatients using a PCR panel from 2011‐2013. RV VL were stratified according to cycle threshold (CT) values in high (≤25), intermediate (26‐32) and low (>32). Adjusted analyses were performed to assess the role RV VL and RV/viral codetections on hospital admission, oxygen requirement, PICU care, and length of stay. Of 1,899 children with RV‐ARI, 78% had chronic comorbidities and 24% RV/viral co‐detections. Single RV vs RV/viral co‐detections was associated with higher VL (24.74 vs 26.62 CT; p = 0.001) and older age (14.9 vs 9.5 months; p = 0.0001). Frequency of RV/viral co‐detections were inversely proportional to RV loads: 32% with low; 28% with intermediate, and 19% with high VL, p = 0.0001. Underlying conditions were independently associated with all clinical outcomes, high VL with PICU care, and single RV‐ARI with higher odds of hospitalization. In summary, single RV vs RV/viral co‐detections were associated with higher VL and older age. Underlying diseases, rather than RV loads or RV/viral co‐detections, consistently predicted worse clinical outcomes.
Novel homozygous nonsense mutation in glucagon‐like peptide‐2 receptor gene resulting in severe human illness
Authors: Jaramishian Claire , Kamal Shivani , Martín Martín G. , Minkoff Nathan Zev 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP2) acts on the GLP2 receptor (GLP2R) and plays a role in intestinal growth and adaptation. The endogenous actions of GLP2R do not have an established association with human disease, although mouse‐knockout models in a stressed state show enhanced susceptibility to small bowel injury, increased morbidity, mortality, and abnormal host–bacterial interactions. We report an 11‐month‐old female with multiple intensive care unit admissions for severe metabolic acidosis due to profuse nonbloody diarrhea in the context of various infections. She had normal growth, lab testing, and stooling patterns between illnesses. Trio‐whole genome sequencing revealed homozygous nonsense variants resulting in nonfunctional GLP2R. This is the first known human documented with a GLP2R‐deficient phenotype, resulting in clinical illness, which correlates with the findings in the GLP2R mouse knockout model and furthers our understanding of GLP2R and the action of teduglutide, a GLP2 analog used for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.
Accuracy of Baseline Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Staging Rectal Cancer Patients Proceeding Directly to Surgery
Authors: Milanzi Elasma , Pelly Rachel M. , Hayes Ian P. , Gibbs Peter , Faragher Ian , Reece Jeanette C. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesHigh‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accuracy for staging preoperative rectal cancer varies across studies. We examined MRI accuracy for T‐ and N‐staging of rectal cancer compared with final histopathology of the resected specimen in a large Australian cohort who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy or radiation.MethodsRetrospective analysis of prospectively‐collected clinical data from 153 rectal adenocarcinomas locally staged by high‐resolution MRI between January 2012 and December 2019 that did not undergo chemoradiotherapy or radiation before surgery. T‐ and N‐stage agreement between MRI and final histopathology was assessed using Kappa statistic. Agreement at each T‐stage was evaluated using log‐linear modeling. N‐staging accuracy was examined using positive and negative predictive values.ResultsOverall agreement between MRI and final histopathology for T‐stage and N‐stage was 55% and 65%, respectively. Kappa statistic found higher agreement between MRI and final histopathology for T‐staging (κ = 0.33) versus N‐staging (κ = 0.18). MRI correctly assessed 91% of T1 tumors, 43% of T2 tumors, 65% of T3 tumors, and 80% of T4 tumors. MRI accuracy was higher for N‐negative tumors (74.1%) than for N‐positive tumors (44.4%).ConclusionMRI is moderately accurate at staging T1, T3, and T4 rectal tumors but caution when staging tumors as T2 is advised. Greater accuracy for staging N‐negative versus N‐positive tumors is indicated.
Evaluating the Alignment of Artificial Intelligence‐Generated Recommendations With Clinical Guidelines Focused on Soft Tissue Tumors
Authors: Matsuoka Masatake , Onodera Tomohiro , Fukuda Ryuichi , Iwasaki Koji , Hamasaki Masanari , Ebata Taku , Hosokawa Yoshiaki , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe integration of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly, in oncology, has significantly shifted the paradigms of medical diagnostics and treatment planning. However, the utility of AI, specifically OpenAI's ChatGPT, in soft tissue sarcoma treatment, remains unclear.MethodsWe evaluated ChatGPT's alignment with the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) clinical practice guidelines on the management of soft tissue tumors 2020. Twenty‐two clinical questions (CQs) were formulated to encompass various aspects of sarcoma diagnosis, treatment, and management. ChatGPT's responses were classified into “Complete Alignment,” “Partial Alignment,” or “Nonalignment” based on the recommendation and strength of evidence.ResultsChatGPT demonstrated an 86% alignment rate with the JOA guidelines. The AI provided two instances of complete alignment and 17 instances of partial alignment, indicating a strong capability to match guideline criteria for most questions. However, three discrepancies were identified in areas concerning the treatment of atypical lipomatous tumors, perioperative chemotherapy for synovial sarcoma, and treatment strategies for elderly patients with malignant soft tissue tumors. Reassessment with guideline input led to some adjustments, revealing both the potential and limitations of AI in complex sarcoma care.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that AI, specifically ChatGPT, can align with clinical guidelines for soft tissue sarcoma treatment. It also underscores the need for continuous refinement and cautious integration of AI in medical decision‐making, particularly in the context of treatment for soft tissue sarcoma.
A juvenile journey: Using a highly resolved 3D mooring array to investigate the roles of wind and internal tide forcing in across‐shore larval transport
Authors: McBride Kelley , MacKinnon Jennifer , Franks Peter J. S. , McSweeney Jacqueline M. , Waterhouse Amy F. , Palóczy André , Colosi John , MacMahan Jamie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe across‐shore transport of meroplanktonic larvae is predominantly driven by coastal physical processes, resulting in episodic recruitment of benthic species. Historically, due to the sampling challenges associated with resolving these advective mechanisms across the continental shelf, relevant components of larval transport have been difficult to isolate and understand. We use three‐dimensional temperature and velocity data from an array of 29 moorings to identify fundamental physical processes that could have generated successful across‐shore transport and settlement of meroplankton. The dense spatial and temporal sampling from this array allows us to use Lagrangian particle tracking to estimate the influences of wind conditions and the internal tide on the across‐shore transport of planktonic larvae. Settlement was found to be episodic at all depths studied. Above mid‐water, modeled larvae were successfully transported onshore by the internal tide during wind relaxations. Surprisingly, abundant pulses of shallow‐water larvae were supplied to the coast on occasions when strong, upwelling‐favorable winds (> 4 m s−1) drove offshore‐flowing surface waters, revealing a complex, potentially topographically influenced flow. These intense upwelling‐favorable winds also contributed to subsurface onshore flows that created large pulses of larval settlement in deeper waters (> 20 m). Our analyses from this highly resolved data set provide novel insights into the interactions of physical drivers in creating episodic pulses of coastal larval recruitment.
Summer sea ice melting enhances phytoplankton and dimethyl sulfide production
Authors: Li Cheng‐Xuan , Chen Kan , Sun Xia , Liu Lu , Xin Ming , Liu Xuan‐Li , Wang Bao‐Dong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe relationships among sea ice melting, phytoplankton assemblages, and the production of climate‐relevant trace gases in the Southern Ocean are gaining increasing attention from the scientific community. This is particularly true for dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry by influencing the formation of sulfated aerosols with radiative impacts and constituting cloud condensation nuclei. In the current study, chlorophyll a (Chl a), DMS and its precursors dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), were quantified in the Weddell–Scotia Confluence (WSC) during the 2018 record ice extent minimum period. Mixed layer changes were found to be generally associated with spatial variation in sea ice melt, with the depth being six times deeper in ice‐free, well‐mixed regions than in seasonal ice‐melting zones. The surface Chl a concentration increased from ice‐free to ice‐melting regions with elevated sea ice meltwater percentages and drawdown surface nutrient concentrations. The concentrations of surface and depth‐integrated Chl a in the upper 150 m reached maxima in the ice‐melting region with the highest fraction of sea ice meltwater, illustrating that sea ice melting promoted the occurrence of phytoplankton blooms. The DMS and DMSP concentrations in the vicinity of the ice‐melting zone were approximately three times higher than those in the ice‐free waters. The observations of this study show that the regions of ice melting in the WSC were a zone of particularly high sea–air fluxes of DMS, which could significantly contribute to the atmospheric budget of DMS in the polar regions.
Effect of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide on the Emulsion Stability by Multiple Light Scattering and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Huang Jin , Ma Xiaorong , Li Hongyao , Liu Mengxue , Gao Qinghe , Li Cuiqin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolymer flooding, using hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), is crucial in enhanced oil recovery technology. The effect of the HPAM and NaCl concentration on the stability of the simulated emulsions was assessed through multiple light scattering experiments. The results demonstrated that HPAM significantly enhanced the stability of both oil‐in‐water (O/W) and water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions. The HPAM concentration escalated from 200 mg L−1 to 1000 mg L−1, increasing from 1.24% to 1.31% at 60 minute in the average backscattering of W/O emulsions. The average transmittance of O/W emulsions exhibited a significant decline from 2.54% to 0.12%. The NaCl concentration had a small effect on the stability of the emulsions. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that HPAM adsorbed at the oil water interface by the point‐like nature, with stronger interaction between its amide group and the oil molecule than its carboxyl group. The hydrogen bond number and the hydrogen bond lifetime of HPAM‐H2O and HPAM‐HPAM increase with increasing the number of HPAM molecules at the oil‐water interface, slowing diffusion coefficient of water molecules and increasing the interface thickness. Increasing salinity can weaken the HPAM‐water interaction, reducing the emulsification stability. This work provides insights into the emulsification characteristics and mechanisms of HPAM.
Houston, We Have AI Problem! Quality Issues with Neuroimaging‐Based Artificial Intelligence in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dzialas Verena , Doering Elena , Eich Helena , Strafella Antonio P. , Vaillancourt David E. , Simonyan Kristina , van Eimeren Thilo ,   International Parkinson Movement Disorders Society‐Neuroimaging Study Group
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, many neuroimaging studies have applied artificial intelligence (AI) to facilitate existing challenges in Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis, prognosis, and intervention. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of neuroimaging‐based AI studies and to assess their methodological quality. A PubMed search yielded 810 studies, of which 244 that investigated the utility of neuroimaging‐based AI for PD diagnosis, prognosis, or intervention were included. We systematically categorized studies by outcomes and rated them with respect to five minimal quality criteria (MQC) pertaining to data splitting, data leakage, model complexity, performance reporting, and indication of biological plausibility. We found that the majority of studies aimed to distinguish PD patients from healthy controls (54%) or atypical parkinsonian syndromes (25%), whereas prognostic or interventional studies were sparse. Only 20% of evaluated studies passed all five MQC, with data leakage, non‐minimal model complexity, and reporting of biological plausibility as the primary factors for quality loss. Data leakage was associated with a significant inflation of accuracies. Very few studies employed external test sets (8%), where accuracy was significantly lower, and 19% of studies did not account for data imbalance. Adherence to MQC was low across all observed years and journal impact factors. This review outlines that AI has been applied to a wide variety of research questions pertaining to PD; however, the number of studies failing to pass the MQC is alarming. Therefore, we provide recommendations to enhance the interpretability, generalizability, and clinical utility of future AI applications using neuroimaging in PD. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Processing time and precision of aging structures for Bighead Carp and Silver Carp in the lower Red River catchment in the southern Great Plains
Authors: Birdsall B. , Dattilo J. , Fuqua Z. , Brewer S. K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Population demographics of invasive species are commonly evaluated to better develop management actions that are useful for reducing their abundance or controlling the population. Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Silver Carp H. molitrix are emblematic invaders in the United States, where they continue to expand their range. There is currently no consensus about which hard structure from these species is best for age estimation. Our study objective was to compare the processing time and precision of five hard structures used for age estimation of both species.

Methods
We sampled fish in the lower Red River catchment of Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas during summer and autumn 2021–2022 and removed the lapillus otolith, left primary pectoral fin ray, postcleithrum, urohyal bone, and anterior-most pterygiophore of the dorsal fin from both Bighead and Silver carp. The structures (n = 1204) were either embedded in epoxy or thin-sectioned and mounted on slides. Two readers estimated the age of the fish by using each structure and came to a consensus. Processing time was recorded from the onset of laboratory processing to the termination of polishing the cross sections for age estimation.

Result
Processing of otoliths was comparable to or faster than processing of the other structures and resulted in the highest between-reader agreement. The lowest coefficients of variation in age estimation were represented using lapillus otoliths for Bighead Carp and postcleithra for Silver Carp. Our age bias plots indicated that all other structures underestimated age relative to the lapillus otoliths.

Conclusion
Our results indicated that using lapillus otoliths for age estimation of these species would have the highest between-reader agreement and would incur no additional laboratory processing time. However, validation is needed to assess whether lapillus otoliths correctly age these species. From a management perspective, use of this structure would facilitate improved population comparisons.