bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary shifts have consequences for the repertoire of allergens produced by the European house dust mite
Authors: VIDAL‐QUIST J. C. , ORTEGO F. , ROMBAUTS S. , CASTAÑERA P. , HERNÁNDEZ‐CRESPO P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractProducts manufactured from mass‐cultured house dust mites, currently commercialized for the diagnosis and immunotherapy of allergy, are heterogeneous in terms of allergen composition and thus present concerns to regulatory authorities. The most abundant species, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) (Astigmata: Pyroglyphidae), produces 19 allergenic proteins. Many of these are putatively involved in mite digestive physiology and metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mite‐rearing media on allergen production. Mites were adapted to feed on culture media supplemented with proteins, lipids, carbohydrates or beard shavings, and collected to quantify major allergens (Der p 1 and 2) by immunodetection, transcription of allergen genes by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and allergen‐related enzymatic activities. All culture media significantly affected the content of major allergens. Modification of macronutrients in the diet produced minor effects on the transcription of allergen genes, but significantly altered mite allergen‐related activities. The most remarkable impacts were detected in mites feeding on beard shavings and were reflected in reductions in the content of major allergens, alterations in the transcription of nine allergen genes, and changes in eight allergen‐related activities. These results demonstrate the importance of culture media to the quality and consistency of mite extracts used for pharmaceuticals, and highlight the need to further elucidate allergen production by mites in the laboratory and in domestic environments.
Prevalence of the reversed halo sign in neutropenic patients compared with non‐neutropenic patients: Data from a single‐centre study involving 27 patients with pulmonary mucormycosis (2003‐2016)
Authors: Bourcier Jessie , Heudes Pierre‐Marie , Morio Florent , Gastinne Thomas , Chevallier Patrice , Rialland‐Battisti Fanny , Garandeau Claire , Danner‐Boucher Isabelle , Le Pape Patrice , Frampas Eric , Moreau Philippe , Defrance Claire , Peterlin Pierre 
Published: April 2017

SummaryPulmonary mucormycosis (PM) is a life‐threatening infection and the diagnosis can be challenging. The objective was to retrospectively explore the value of the RHS in our cohort of 27 patients with mucormycosis and its relation to neutropenia. This was a retrospective study including all patients with a diagnosis of probable or proven invasive PM according to the 2008 EORTC/MSG criteria between September 2003 to April 2016. Fisher's exact test and Mann‐Whitney test, with a P‐value statistically significant under .05 (P<.05), were used to compare neutropenic and non‐neutropenic groups. 27 patients were eligible. The RHS could be identified in 78% of cases in the neutropenic group, and was less common in the non‐neutropenic group (31%) (P<.05). Reticulations inside ground‐glass opacity in case of RHS were present in 13 out of 15 patients (87%). Mucorales DNA detection by PCR on serum provided, a median time to the first PCR‐positive sample of 3 days (−33 to +60 days) before diagnosis was confirmed. Six patients had IPA co‐infection. In conclusion, RHS is more frequent in case of PM in neutropenic patients compare to non‐neutropenic patients. Its presence in immunocompromised patients should be sufficient to promptly start Mucorales‐active antifungal treatment, while its absence especially in non‐neutropenic cases should not be sufficient to exclude the diagnosis.
Epidemiology of invasive fungal diseases in children with solid tumours undergoing autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a 10‐year experience in a tertiary Italian centre
Authors: Tatarelli Paola , Faraci Maura , Caviglia Ilaria , Bandettini Roberto , Cangemi Giuliana , Magnano Gian Michele , Garaventa Alberto , Viscoli Claudio , Castagnola Elio 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe objective of the study was to determine the incidence of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in children undergoing autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auHSCT) for solid tumours (ST). Retrospective study on auHSCT was performed in children with ST (January 2006‐December 2015). Data on the number of patient‐days at risk (pdr) during the first 30 and 90 days after auHSCT and cases of proven/probable IFDs were collected. Infection rate (IR, episodes/1000 pdr) and proportions and cumulative risk (CR) of IFD were evaluated. In 186 patients, 270 auHSCT were performed, for a total of 8327 pdr during the first 30 days and 24 366 up to day 90. Median age was 5 years (interquartile range 2;8), 63% were male. At day 30, seven procedures were complicated by IFD, with an IR of 0.84 (95% CI 0.66‐1.02) and aCR of 2.6% (95% CI 1.4‐5.4) at 18 days after HSCT. Within day 90, two further IFDs were detected with an IR of 0.37 (95% CI −0.49 to 1.23) and a CR of 3.3% (95% CI 1.7‐6.3) at day 69. Children undergoing auHSCT for ST have a low incidence of IFDs in the first 90 days after the procedure.
The use of bone turnover markers in chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorders
Authors: Chiang Cherie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBone turnover markers assist in fracture risk prediction, management and monitoring of osteoporosis in patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD). The use in CKD–mineral bone disorder (MBD) has been limited as many of these markers and breakdown products are renally excreted, including the most commonly used and well standardized procollagen type I N propeptide and C‐terminal cross‐linking telopeptide of type I collagen. Of the markers unaffected by renal function, bone specific alkaline phosphatase is associated with mortality and fracture rate in CKD subjects and is now available on several automated analysers. When used in combination with PTH, bone specific alkaline phosphatase as a bone formation marker correlated well with bone biopsy histomorphometry in predicting adynamic bone disease. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b is a resorption marker that is under development for automation.Both high and low bone turnover in CKD‐MBD patients are associated with increased fracture and mortality risk. Bone biopsy as the gold standard to differentiate between adynamic bone disease and osteitis fibrosa is limited by availability and cost. Appropriate use of bone turnover markers is vital in the decision to commence anti‐resorptive agents, and to monitor efficacy in order to avoid over suppression of bone turnover, which may lead to stress fractures. Further efforts are required to develop markers unaffected by renal function with standardized cut‐off values and fracture as well as vascular calcification end‐points.
Use of dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, the trabecular bone score and quantitative computed tomography in the evaluation of chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorders
Authors: Pocock Nicholas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who suffer a minimal trauma fracture, the problem is to differentiate between osteoporosis and the various forms of renal bone disease associated with CKD–mineral and bone disorder. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that renal osteodystrophy may coexist with osteoporosis. The World Health Organization's bone mineral density (BMD) criteria for osteopenia ( −2.5 < T‐score < −1.0) and osteoporosis (a T‐score ≤ −2.5) may be used in patients with CKD stages 1–3. In CKD stages 4–5, BMD by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) is less predictive and may underestimate fracture risk. The development of absolute fracture risk (AFR) algorithms, such as FRAX® and the Garvan absolute fracture risk calculator, to predict risk of fracture over a given time (usually 10 years) aims to incorporate non‐BMD risk factors into the clinical assessment. FRAX® has been shown to be useful to assess fracture risk in CKD but may underestimate fracture risk in advanced CKD. The trabecular bone score is a measure of grey scale homogeneity obtained from spine DXA, which correlates to trabecular microarchitecture and is an independent risk factor for fracture. Recent data demonstrate the potential utility of the trabecular bone score adjustment of AFR through the FRAX® algorithm in subjects with CKD. Parameters of bone microarchitecture using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) or high‐resolution pQCT are also able to discriminate fracture status in subjects with CKD. However, there are at present no convincing data that the addition of pQCT or high‐resolution pQCT parameters to DXA BMD improves fracture discrimination. More advanced estimates of bone strength derived from measurements of micro‐architecture, by QCT‐derived finite element analysis may be incorporated into AFR algorithms in the future.
Is there a practical role for a virtual bone biopsy using high‐resolution imaging of bone in patients with chronic kidney disease?
Authors: Sharma Ashish K , Toussaint Nigel D 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRenal osteodystrophy (ROD) refers to alterations in bone turnover, mineralisation, mass and microarchitecture in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and represents the skeletal component of ‘CKD–mineral and bone disorder’. Changes in bone structure lead to impaired bone quality, compromised bone strength and increased susceptibility to fractures with associated significant morbidity, mortality and financial cost. Diagnosis and management of ROD is hindered by the inadequacy of currently available diagnostic methods to interpret the complex pathophysiology. Bone biopsy, the perceived gold standard test to assess ROD, is invasive and suboptimal for disease screening and management in routine clinical practice. High‐resolution imaging, such as high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography and high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging provide accurate non‐invasive quantification of bone microarchitecture and facilitate assessment of mechanical competence of bone, correlating with skeletal fragility. We discuss the potential for these imaging techniques in patients with CKD to provide quantification and assessment of bone structure and strength. When used in conjunction with serum biomarkers, these investigative tools may provide a non‐invasive diagnostic virtual bone biopsy.
Should nephrologists consider vascular calcification screening?
Authors: Krishnasamy Rathika , Pedagogos Eugenie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractVascular calcification (VC) has been widely discussed over the last few decades and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease. Importantly, these patients have premature and rapidly progressive calcification when compared with the general population. VC is an active and complex process that is closely regulated by a growing list of inducers and inhibitors. VC can be detected using several non‐invasive modalities including plain radiography, echocardiogram and computed tomography scans. However, the usefulness of these imaging measurements to capture treatment effects may be limited. Routine screening and monitoring for progression of VC remains highly debatable.
The role of calcium and non calcium‐based phosphate binders in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Elder Grahame J , Center Jacqueline 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRising levels of serum phosphate occur late in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and have been easy targets for nephrologists to treat using phosphate binding drugs, as well as fertile ground for the pharmaceutical industry, for meta‐analysis and for the earnest pontifications of guideline writers. Unfortunately, the evidence does little to support this focus, which might be better applied to earlier, adaptive hormonal changes, and to phosphate balance rather than serum phosphate levels. Nevertheless, phosphate binders are ubiquitously prescribed to patients on dialysis, and often prescribed to patients with earlier stages of CKD; for which there is no evidence of benefit and some evidence that calcium‐based binders (CBBs) and possibly non‐CBBs may cause more harm than placebo. For patients on dialysis, observational studies suggest that phosphate binder use may reduce mortality. Meta‐analyses report reduced hypercalcaemia for non‐CBBs versus CBBs, and compared with CBBs sevelamer has been reported to significantly reduce vascular calcification progression and, in some but not all studies, overall mortality. However, limitations include study heterogeneity. For patients on dialysis, CBBs appear to have no advantages over the non‐CBBs, apart from lower cost. In general, it seems prudent to avoid prescribing calcium‐based drugs to patients who are pre‐dialysis, and to use non‐CBBs preferentially in CKD stage 5D. Current draft Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines suggest that CBB dosage be minimized in CKD stages 3 to 5D.
Abdominal vagus nerve stimulation as a new therapeutic approach to prevent postoperative ileus
Authors: Stakenborg N. , Wolthuis A. M. , Gomez‐Pinilla P. J. , Farro G. , Di Giovangiulio M. , Bosmans G. , Labeeuw E. , Verhaegen M. , Depoortere I. , D'Hoore A. , Matteoli G. , Boeckxstaens G. E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundElectrical stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve (VNS) prevents postoperative ileus (POI) in mice. As this approach requires an additional cervical procedure, we explored the possibility of peroperative abdominal VNS in mice and human.MethodsThe effect of cervical and abdominal VNS was studied in a murine model of POI and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced sepsis. Postoperative ileus was quantified by assessment of intestinal transit of fluorescent dextran expressed as geometric center (GC). Next, the effect of cervical and abdominal VNS on heart rate was determined in eight Landrace pigs to select the optimal electrode for VNS in human. Finally, the effect of sham or abdominal VNS on LPS‐induced cytokine production of whole blood was studied in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.Key ResultsSimilar to cervical VNS, abdominal VNS significantly decreased LPS‐induced serum tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) levels (abdominal VNS: 366±33 pg/mL vs sham: 822±105 pg/mL; P<.01). In line, in a murine model of POI, abdominal VNS significantly improved intestinal transit (GC: sham 5.1±0.2 vs abdominal VNS: 7.8±0.6; P<.01) and reduced intestinal inflammation (abdominal VNS: 35±7 vs sham: 80±8 myeloperoxidase positive cells/field; P<.05). In pigs, heart rate was reduced by cervical VNS but not by abdominal VNS. In humans, abdominal VNS significantly reduced LPS‐induced IL8 and IL6 production by whole blood.Conclusions & InferencesAbdominal VNS is feasible and safe in humans and has anti‐inflammatory properties. As abdominal VNS improves POI similar to cervical VNS in mice, our data indicate that peroperative abdominal VNS may represent a novel approach to shorten POI in man.
An Innovative Cooling Jacket to Combat Heat Intolerance in Children with Anhidrosis
Authors: Inamadar Arun C. , Palit Aparna , Khurana Neha 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHyperthermia and heat intolerance are distressing symptoms in patients with anhidrosis. Body cooling devices are an integral part of management of these patients. A cooling jacket made from easily available materials has been invented for a girl with congenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis with severe heat intolerance. This innovative cooling jacket may be helpful for anhidrotic children in resource‐poor situations.
Interdisciplinary periodontics: the multidisciplinary approach to the planning and treatment of complex cases
Authors: Lyons Karl M. , Darby Ivan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPeriodontics cannot be practiced in isolation as frequently many patients have multiple dental needs or medical health issues requiring management. In addition, pathology may manifest in the periodontal tissues, and the onset and progression of periodontitis can be affected by systemic conditions, such as diabetes, and vice versa. The focus of this volume of Periodontology 2000 is interdisciplinary periodontics, and the articles included discuss the interactions and the interrelationshipbetween periodontal tissues/periodontal diseases and endodontics, fixed prosthodontics, implant dentistry, esthetics, gerodontology, radiology, orthodontics, pediatric dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral pathology, special needs dentistry and general medicine. Previous volumes of Periodontology 2000 have covered some of the interactions between periodontal diseases and other dental disciplines, especially implant dentistry, ‘and the interaction between periodontal disease and systemic disease’, but there has not been a volume on interdisciplinary periodontics. The intention therefore is to show how and why periodontics should be interdisciplinary, as well as the benefits of an interdisciplinary approach; in addition, the potential consequences of using a discipline in isolation are discussed.
Interaction between endodontics and periodontics
Authors: Rotstein Ilan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEndodontic–periodontal lesions present challenges to the clinician regarding diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis. Etiologic factors, such as bacteria and viruses, as well as contributing factors, such as trauma, root resorptions, perforations, cracks and dental malformations, play an important role in the development and progression of such lesions. Treatment and prognosis of endodontic–periodontal lesions vary, depending on the etiology, pathogenesis and correct diagnosis of each specific condition. This chapter will appraise the interrelationship between endodontic and periodontal lesions and provide biological and clinical evidence for diagnosis, prognosis and decision‐making in the treatment of these conditions.
Dental geriatrics and periodontitis
Authors: Persson Gösta Rutger 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe present literature review is focused on two main areas: (i) periodontal conditions in older individuals; and (ii) the scientific data available on periodontal treatment outcomes in individuals ≥ 75 years of age. The population of older people is increasing but the data on periodontal therapies and their efficacy in this population are limited and need to be carefully reviewed. Although life expectancy has increased, this does not mean that older people are medically healthy. Several chronic systemic diseases are associated with periodontitis, and the prevalence of most chronic diseases increases with age. Furthermore, older people are challenged by impaired immunity (immune senescence) with a decline in the numbers of naïve T‐cells in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues. The most frequent significant correlates with successful ageing include not smoking and the absence of disability, arthritis and diabetes mellitus. Periodontal diseases in older individuals may have specific features that are not consistent with periodontal diseases. In this respect, data suggest that gingival lesions in older individuals develop differently from gingival lesions in younger adults. The progression of periodontitis may be slower in older individuals, and older individuals with periodontitis may benefit from more conservative treatment approaches. Diagnostic criteria used for the assessment and diagnosis of periodontitis in younger adults may not be fully applicable in older individuals. In summary, declining health, perception of treatment needs, dietary changes, comorbidity with other diseases and immune senescence are challenging factors to clinicians and researchers, in terms of therapies and in understanding periodontitis etiology in older individuals.
Accuracy of computed tomographic arthrography for assessment of articular cartilage defects in the ovine stifle
Authors: Hontoir Fanny , Clegg Peter , Simon Vincent , Kirschvink Nathalie , Nisolle Jean‐Francois , Vandeweerd Jean‐Michel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractArticular cartilage defects are one of the features of osteoarthritis in animals and humans. Early detection of cartilage defects is a challenge in clinical veterinary practice and also in translational research studies. An accurate, diagnostic imaging method would be desirable for detecting and following up lesions in specific anatomical regions of the articular surface. The current prospective experimental study aimed to describe the accuracy of computed tomographic arthrography (CTA) for detecting cartilage defects in a common animal model used for osteoarthritis research, the ovine stifle (knee, femoropatellar/femorotibial) joint. Joints in cadaver limbs (n= 42) and in living animals under anesthesia (n= 13) were injected with a contrast medium and imaged using a standardized CT protocol. Gross anatomy and histological assessment of specific anatomic regions were used as a gold standard for the evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value for CTA identification of articular cartilage defects in those regions. Pooled estimated sensitivity and specificity were 90.32% and 97.30%, respectively, in cadaver limbs, and 81.82% and 95.24%, respectively, in living animals. Pooled estimated positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 98.25% and 85.71%, respectively, in cadaver limbs, and 81.82% and 95.24%, respectively, in living animals. The delineation of cartilage surface was good for anatomical regions most frequently affected by cartilage defects in the ovine stifle: medial femoral condyle, medial tibial condyle, and patella. This study supported the use of CTA as an imaging technique for detecting and monitoring articular cartilage defects in the ovine stifle joint.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp.
gallolyticus
Strain DSM 16831
Authors: Grimm Imke , Dumke Jessika , Vollmer Tanja , Hinse Dennis , Rückert Christian , Kalinowski Jörn , Knabbe Cornelius , Dreier Jens 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus gallolyticus
subsp.
gallolyticus
DSM 16831 is an intriguing strain because of its low virulent phenotype compared to other isolates. We present here the complete genome sequence for this strain isolated from koala feces.
Shigella
Draft Genome Sequences: Resources for Food Safety and Public Health
Authors: Weis Allison M. , Gilpin Brent , Huang Bihua C. , Kong Nguyet , Chen Poyin , Weimer Bart C. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Shigella
is a major foodborne pathogen that infects humans and nonhuman primates and is the major cause of dysentery and reactive arthritis worldwide. This is the initial public release of 16
Shigella
genome sequences from four species sequenced as part of the 100K Pathogen Genome Project.
Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus DPC5671, a Strain Isolated from Cheddar Cheese
Authors: Bertuzzi Andrea S. , Guinane Caitriona M. , Crispie Fiona , Kilcawley Kieran N. , McSweeney Paul L. H. , Rea Mary C. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequence of
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
DPC5671, isolated from cheddar cheese, was determined.
S. saprophyticus
is a common Gram-positive bacterium detected on the surface of smear-ripened cheese and other fermented foods.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Tritrichomonas foetus
Strain K
Authors: Benchimol Marlene , de Almeida Luiz G. P. , Vasconcelos Ana Tereza , de Andrade Rosa Ivone , Reis Bogo Maurício , Kist Luiza Wilges , de Souza Wanderley 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

The protist
Tritrichomonas foetus
(Excavata, Parabasalia) is a parasite that causes bovine and feline trichomonosis. Bovine trichomonosis is a venereal disease that leads to abortion and reproductive problems in herds. Feline trichomonosis affects domestic cats. Here, we report the genome sequence of the
T. foetus
K strain, isolated in Brazil.