bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing paediatric grommet “rapid turnover” lists. A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Easto Rachel , Shukla Rishi , Rowland Charlie , Williams Richard 
Published: April 2016

Paediatric grommet insertions are a common ENT procedure which is typically carried out as a daycase procedure. National guidelines exist (NICE CG60) outlining the criteria for grommet insertions. At our institution it was noted that children were experiencing long waits for their grommet surgery with 78% breaching the national 18 week RTT target by time of surgery in the preceding 6 months. 38% of children were attending for surgery with out of date audiograms and as a consequence, due to children no longer meeting the NICE criteria for grommet insertions, 8% of children were being cancelled on the day of surgery.To improve our waiting times and reduce on the day cancellations we introduced a pilot scheme of “rapid turnover” paediatric day case theatre lists. These lists were accompanied by a pre-operative consent clinic, enabling children not requiring surgery to be cancelled. The theatre lists were run by a senior ENT registrar and had two anaesthetic “pods” i.e. two anaesthetists and two ODPs. This enabled faster turnover of patients and consequently more patients could be operated on per theatre list.Following our pilot there are no longer any children on the grommet waiting list in breach of the 18 week RTT time. Furthermore, there were no on the day cancellations due to surgery not being indicated. All staff and patients involved were satisfied with the “rapid turnover” lists and subsequently the idea is to be introduced on a regular, 2 monthly basis, to keep waiting times down.
Management of a postoperative vaginal stricture by perendoscopic balloon dilation in a dog
Authors: Noël Stéphanie , Billen Frederic , Bolen Geraldine , Hamaide Annick 
Published: April 2016

A female dog was presented for severe dysuria. Vaginal palpation, vaginoscopy and retrograde vaginourethrography revealed the presence of a urethral mass extending 40 mm cranial to the external urethral meatus. Biopsies confirmed a poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma.The urethral meatus along with 45 per cent of the total urethral length were excised and an end‐to‐side urethrovaginal anastomosis was performed through an episiotomy approach. Two weeks postoperatively, the dog was presented due to a weak urinary stream and urinary incontinence after micturition. A retrograde vaginourethrography showed a postoperative stricture caudal to the urethral orifice and the formation of an urovagina. The stricture was successfully managed with three sessions of perendoscopic balloon dilation associated with intralesional injection of triamcinolone.Urethrovaginal anastomosis via an episiotomy approach could be valuable to remove selected small distal urethral masses and balloon dilation, compared with surgery, appears to be a less invasive option to manage postoperative vaginal stricture.
Interlaboratory ring trial to evaluate CFT proficiency of European laboratories for diagnosis of glanders in equids
Authors: Laroucau K. , Colaneri C. , Jaÿ M. , Corde Y. , Drapeau A. , Durand B. , Zientara S. , Beck C. 
Published: April 2016

To evaluate the routine complement fixation test (CFT) used to detect Burkholderia mallei antibodies in equine sera, an interlaboratory proficiency test was held with 24 European laboratories, including 22 National Reference Laboratories for glanders. The panels sent to participants were composed of sera with or without B mallei antibodies. This study confirmed the reliability of CFT and highlighted its intralaboratory reproducibility. However, the sensitivity of glanders serodiagnosis and laboratory proficiency may be improved by standardising critical reagents, including antigens, and by developing a standard B mallei serum.
Bovine besnoitiosis (Besnoitia besnoiti) in an Irish dairy herd
Authors: Ryan E. G. , Lee A. , Carty C. , O'Shaughnessy J. , Kelly P. , Cassidy J. P. , Sheehan M. , Johnson A. , de Waal T. 
Published: April 2016

Bovine besnoitiosis, caused by the apicomplexan protozoan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti, was diagnosed in an Irish dairy herd. This is the first diagnosis of besnoitiosis in Ireland or the UK and the most northerly European outbreak yet described. The diagnosis occurred following a farm investigation in June 2015 into an unusual dermatological problem that had been ongoing since 2010. On an annual basis, 1–2 per cent of cows in the herd exhibited clinical signs, including skin thickening, alopecia, weight loss and poor performance. Others displayed pyrexia, limb oedema, respiratory distress and reduced milk yield. Histopathological examination of skin revealed granulomatous and eosinophilic dermatitis, with characteristic intradermal protozoal cysts, consistent with cutaneous besnoitiosis. Follow‐up serological testing and clinical examination of cattle (n=228) on the farm found that 68 per cent (144/212) were seropositive for B. besnoiti. In addition, 51 per cent (117/228) had characteristic scleral conjunctival cysts and 68 per cent (134/198) had vulval cysts. Postmortem examination of a severely affected animal revealed typical gross and histopathological lesions of B. besnoiti infection. These results confirmed endemic infection with B. besnoiti. The identification of this exotic disease highlights the importance of veterinary surveillance at both local and national level, particularly in relation to emerging diseases.
A new scheduling algorithm for non-preemptive independent tasks on a multi-processor platform
Authors: Andrei Stefan , Cheng Albert M. K. , Radulescu Vlad , Alam Sharfuddin , Vadlakonda Suresh 
Published: April 2016

The abort-and-restart scheme from the Priority-based Functional Reactive Programming (PFRP) paradigm eliminates the priority inversion problem. This paper is similar by solving the priority inversion problem using the task order restrictions sets of relations. One of the core problems in real-time systems is finding a feasible schedule for a task set on a multiprocessor platform. While preemptive scheduling has benefited from a large number of significant results, the non-preemptive case has still room for improvement.Despite the fact that the well-known EDF and LLF scheduling techniques are optimal for preemptive uniprocessor platform there is no known optimal scheduling algorithm for non-preemptive task sets on a multi-processor platform. Our paper continues our previous works [1] and [2] by describing the experimental results together with their findings about our alternate scheduling method to the EDF and LLF techniques. Our algorithm, called A, is able to schedule all considered non-preemptive independent tasks on a multi-processor platform, while EDF and LLF fail to sometimes provide a feasible schedule. The experiments indicate no execution time overhead for the cases where all the scheduling algorithms were able to provide the schedule. However, when EDF and LLF fail to provide a schedule, A gives the schedule with a 60% execution time overhead.
SIRT2-Mediated Deacetylation and Tetramerization of Pyruvate Kinase Directs Glycolysis and Tumor Growth
Authors: Park Seong-Hoon , Ozden Ozkan , Liu Guoxiang , Song Ha Yong , Zhu Yueming , Yan Yufan , Zou Xianghui , Kang Hong-Jun , Jiang Haiyan , Principe Daniel R. , Cha Yong-Il , Roh Meejeon , Vassilopoulos Athanassios , Gius David 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Sirtuins participate in sensing nutrient availability and directing metabolic activity to match energy needs with energy production and consumption. However, the pivotal targets for sirtuins in cancer are mainly unknown. In this study, we identify the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) as a critical target of the sirtuin SIRT2 implicated in cancer. PKM2 directs the synthesis of pyruvate and acetyl-CoA, the latter of which is transported to mitochondria for use in the Krebs cycle to generate ATP. Enabled by a shotgun mass spectrometry analysis founded on tissue culture models, we identified a candidate SIRT2 deacetylation target at PKM2 lysine 305 (K305). Biochemical experiments including site-directed mutants that mimicked constitutive acetylation suggested that acetylation reduced PKM2 activity by preventing tetramerization to the active enzymatic form. Notably, ectopic overexpression of a deacetylated PKM2 mutant in Sirt2-deficient mammary tumor cells altered glucose metabolism and inhibited malignant growth. Taken together, our results argued that loss of SIRT2 function in cancer cells reprograms their glycolytic metabolism via PKM2 regulation, partially explaining the tumor-permissive phenotype of mice lacking Sirt2. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3802–12. ©2016 AACR.
ENTRE O SONHO E A MORTE: DESVELAMENTOS, REVELAÇÕES E CONTAMINAÇÕES NA NARRATIVA FICCIONAL DE MIA COUTO
Authors: Tavares Manuel 
Published: April 2016

A perspectiva literária de Mia Couto representa um desafio ao pensamento lusófono contemporâneo. Os encontros e diálogos produzidos com autores brasileiros, especialmente com Guimarães Rosa, permitem enquadrar o seu pensamento no âmbito de uma estética literária pós-colonial que pensa a realidade moçambicana a partir da recuperação da tradição oral. Mia Couto, nas suas viagens narrativas, constrói, a partir da matriz linguística colonial, uma nova língua marcada pela influência das línguas de matriz bantu para dizer o real numa relação indissociável com o sagrado. A reinvenção da língua portuguesa permite “mergulhar na oralidade e escapar à racionalidade dos códigos da escrita enquanto sistema único de pensamento”. Revitalizar o passado e, a partir dele, não deixar o sonho morrer, apesar das vicissitudes históricas, constitui um desafio da literatura mágica, desobediente e transgressiva de Mia Couto. É nesta reinvenção do passado pela escrita, adaptada a uma realidade africana, povoada pelo mistério, pelo maravilhoso, pelos mitos e pela crença, onde, entre o sonho e a morte, se vão revelando e desvelando tempos e lugares que se entrelaçam, povoados por figuras que “nas margens dos rios inscrevem na pedra, teimosamente, os minúsculos sinais da esperança”.
The use of oxygen in cluster headache treatment worldwide – a survey of the International Headache Society (IHS)
Authors: Evers Stefan , Rapoport Alan ,   on behalf of the International Headache Society
Published: April 2016

Background Oxygen is recommended for the treatment of acute cluster headache attacks. However, it is not available worldwide. Methods The International Headache Society performed a survey among its national member societies on the availability and the restrictions for oxygen in the treatment of cluster headache. Results Oxygen is reimbursed in 50% of all countries responding ( n = 22). There are additional restrictions in the reimbursement of the facial mask and with respect to age. Conclusion Oxygen for the treatment of cluster headache attack is not reimbursed worldwide. Headache societies should pressure national/public health authorities to reimburse oxygen for cluster headache in all countries.
Sport Participation and the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescents
Authors: Johnsen Marianne Bakke , Guddal Maren Hjelle , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Moksnes Håvard , Engebretsen Lars , Storheim Kjersti , Zwart John-Anker 
Published: April 2016

Background: An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a severe injury that may require ACL reconstruction (ACLR) to enable the return to sport. Risk factors for ACLR have not firmly been established in the general adolescent population. Purpose: To investigate the incidence and risk factors for ACLR in a population-based cohort of adolescents. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We prospectively followed 7644 adolescents from the adolescent part of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, included from 2006 to 2008. The main risk factors of interest were the level of sport participation (level I, II, or III) and sport competitions. The endpoint was primary ACLR recorded in the Norwegian National Knee Ligament Registry between January 2006 and December 2013. Results: A total of 3808 boys and 3836 girls were included in the analyses. We identified 69 (0.9%) ACLRs with a median of 7.3 years of follow-up, providing an overall ACLR incidence of 38.9 (95% CI, 30.7-49.3) per 100,000 person-years. The hazard ratio (HR) for ACLR associated with level I sport participation was 3.93 (95% CI, 0.92-16.80) for boys and 3.31 (95% CI, 1.30-8.43) for girls. There was a stronger association related to participating in sport competitions. Girls had over 5 times a higher risk (HR, 5.42; 95% CI, 2.51-11.70) and boys over 4 times the risk (HR, 4.22; 95% CI, 1.58-11.30) of ACLR compared with those who did not compete. Conclusion: Participating in level I sports and sport competitions significantly increased the risk of undergoing primary ACLR. Preventive strategies should be implemented to reduce the incidence and future burden of ACLR.
Alendronate Binds to Tooth Root Surfaces and Inhibits Progression of Feline Tooth Resorption: A Pilot Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Mohn Kenneth L. , Jacks Thomas M. , Schleim Klaus Dieter , Harvey Colin E. , Miller Bonnie , Halley Bruce , Feeney William P. , Hill Susan L. , Hickey Gerry 
Published: April 2016

Tissue distribution, bioavailability, and efficacy of alendronate in preventing progression of resorption of teeth were evaluated in cats. [Butyl-4-14C-]-alendronate accumulates on subgingival tooth and alveolar bone surfaces adjacent to vascularized tissue resulting in concentration of the drug around tooth roots. Three cats were treated with a 0.03 mg/kg IV bolus of [butyl-4-14C-]-alendronate followed by blood, urine, and feces collection and euthanasia 24-hours later. Drug tissue distribution was accessed by autoradiography and sample combustion. To assess bioavailability, 12 cats were administered alendronate orally (3.0 or 9.0 mg/kg in water or 9.0 mg/kg in tuna water) and urine was collected for 24-hours. In these formulations, alendronate oral bioavailability in cats was approximately 3 %. In addition, 10 cats with radiographic evidence of pre-existing tooth resorption (14 affected teeth) were treated with vehicle or 3.0 mg/kg alendronate per os once weekly for 22-weeks and, then, 9.0 mg/kg per os twice weekly for 27-weeks in a random, masked study. Radiographic area of resorption was measured and progression scored every 3 to 4-months. In placebo-treated cats, resorption progressed in five of six teeth (+ 97 % average increase in area of resorption), whereas progression of resorption was seen in only three of eight affected teeth in alendronate-treated cats with a – 22 % average change (decrease) in area (P < 0.01 difference in number of teeth showing progression; P < 0.001 difference in area of resorption). Alendronate accumulated preferentially on subgingival tooth surfaces and adjacent alveolar bone and, at a dose of 9 mg/kg twice weekly, effectively slowed or arrested the progression of resorption.
Compliance with infection control standard precautions guidelines: a survey among dental healthcare workers in Hail Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Haridi Hassan Kasim , Al-Ammar Abdalmohsen Saud , Al-Mansour Moazzy Ibraheim 
Published: April 2016

Background: The concept of standard precautions (SP) has been a cornerstone of dental infection control (IC) practice. Full adherence with SP guidelines is still a matter of concern in many institutions. The objectives of the present study were to assess and characterise compliance with SP guidelines among dental healthcare workers (DHCWs) and to analyse factors that affect compliance. Methods: A regional cross-sectional questionnaire survey among DHCWs in all health facilities was carried out from August to November 2014. Results: A total of 307 returned valid self-report questionnaires with a response rate of 73.1%. Most participants (86.3%) were aware of the SP guidelines, 84.4% received IC training and 88.9% received hepatitis B vaccination. Compliance with SP was found to be high; the majority (90.1%) attained 75% on the compliance scale. In the multivariate logistic regression model, perceived higher institutional commitment as regard IC requirements (odds ratio [OR], 4.34; P <0.001), perceived training as adequate (OR, 3.51; P = 0.003), dentist job (OR, 2.99; P = 0.035) and younger age (OR, 0.59; P = 0.041) were independently predicted as good compliant behaviour. Conclusions: This survey revealed high self-reported compliance with SP guidelines. Institutional factors appear to have an important role. Attention should be paid to dental assistants and private DHCWs.
The use of daily electronic prompts to help improve antimicrobial stewardship in a critical care unit
Authors: Allan PA , Newman MJ , Oehmen R , English WA 
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a growing threat to public health, with the potential to reverse many of the gains made in modern medicine. AMR is contributed to by both inappropriate choice of antibiotics and inappropriate antibiotic course durations. Objectives: The objective of this audit was to determine if the introduction of antimicrobial prescribing electronic prompts in an electronic patient record had a positive impact on antimicrobial stewardship. Methods: The audit examined the proportion of antibiotic prescriptions within a critical care unit in which both a valid stop date and indication were recorded. The audit was repeated on two occasions: first, after an education programme, and second, after the introduction of an electronic prompt within the patients’ electronic patient record. Results: Chi-square analyses indicated that significant improvements in both the recording of indications (χ²(4) = 39.69, P <0.0001) and stop-dates (χ²(4) = 42.10, P <0.0001) occurred across the three audits. Conclusion: We conclude that the novel use of daily electronic prompts has a positive impact on antimicrobial stewardship.
Clonal hematopoiesis in acquired aplastic anemia
Authors: Ogawa Seishi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractClonal hematopoiesis (CH) in aplastic anemia (AA) has been closely linked to the evolution of late clonal disorders, including paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which are common complications after successful immunosuppressive therapy (IST). With the advent of high-throughput sequencing of recent years, the molecular aspect of CH in AA has been clarified by comprehensive detection of somatic mutations that drive clonal evolution. Genetic abnormalities are found in ∼50% of patients with AA and, except for PIGA mutations and copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity, or uniparental disomy (UPD) in 6p (6pUPD), are most frequently represented by mutations involving genes commonly mutated in myeloid malignancies, including DNMT3A, ASXL1, and BCOR/BCORL1. Mutations exhibit distinct chronological profiles and clinical impacts. BCOR/BCORL1 and PIGA mutations tend to disappear or show stable clone size and predict a better response to IST and a significantly better clinical outcome compared with mutations in DNMT3A, ASXL1, and other genes, which are likely to increase their clone size, are associated with a faster progression to MDS/AML, and predict an unfavorable survival. High frequency of 6pUPD and overrepresentation of PIGA and BCOR/BCORL1 mutations are unique to AA, suggesting the role of autoimmunity in clonal selection. By contrast, DNMT3A and ASXL1 mutations, also commonly seen in CH in the general population, indicate a close link to CH in the aged bone marrow, in terms of the mechanism for selection. Detection and close monitoring of somatic mutations/evolution may help with prediction and diagnosis of clonal evolution of MDS/AML and better management of patients with AA.
Local labor markets and taste-based discrimination
Authors: Berson Clémence 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article appeals to heterogeneity in workers’ non-wage preferences to model taste-based discrimination. Firms hire both types of workers and pay lower wages to minority workers, whatever their taste for discrimination. A single prejudiced firm in the market produces a substantial wage gap in all firms. Consequently, discrimination allows unprejudiced firms to make non-zero profits, so that they have little incentive to drive out prejudiced firms. As the market does not eliminate discrimination, state intervention is required. Indirect policies do not affect the absolute wage gap between the two groups, but may be more likely to be used than direct policies.
Necessity of General Knowledge In Conquer Affected Intercultural Communications
Authors: Дубинский  , Dubinskiy Vladimir 
Published: April 2016

In this article specialties of intercultural communication are regarded as dialog
of cultures on example of the German language. The arguments are
showed, that for Russians the German language acquisition has a great
significance as a base for studying other foreign language. This fact strike
roots in history, has economical results and arouses interest in experience.
The similar situations of German relations compare with Russian relations.
This comparison is made for Russians to right speaking German. The author
offer to take knowledge of the language and ability of change unknown
words on others into consideration. The conclusion is done that dialog of
cultures should conduct with knowledge of cultures, skill of solution communication
problems with getting the wish results.
The Russian Language In the Social Networks
Authors: Селеменева  , Selemeneva O. 
Published: April 2016

The article examines the problem of the functioning of the Russian language
in the texts of the online social networks as means of realization of the
social needs and the organization of the communication between people.
The author supposes that such texts are a mirror of the state of the Russian
society and the Russian language. The dominance of the factual tone of
Internet discourse, orientation on the dialogue, emotion and aggression of
the communication leads to the changes in the representation of the verbalized
and non-verbalized knowledge, to the increase of the ways of language
compression, to the use of the constructions of expressive syntax, to the
fall of the culture of written speech. Slang and colloquial vocabulary with
terminology at the same time, segmented structures, emoticons, the reduplication
of the punctuation marks, the abbreviation, the allocation of front
are used in the texts of social networks.
Do People Anticipate Loss Aversion?
Authors: Imas Alex , Sadoff Sally , Samek Anya 
Published: April 2016

There is growing interest in the use of loss contracts that offer performance incentives as up-front payments that employees can lose. Standard behavioral models predict a trade-off in the use of loss contracts: employees will work harder under loss contracts than under gain contracts, but, anticipating loss aversion, they will prefer gain contracts to loss contracts. In a series of experiments, we test these predictions by measuring performance and preferences for payoff-equivalent gain and loss contracts. We find that people indeed work harder under loss than gain contracts, as the theory predicts. Surprisingly, rather than a preference for the gain contract, we find that people actually prefer loss contracts. In exploring mechanisms for our results, we find suggestive evidence that people do anticipate loss aversion but select into loss contracts as a commitment device to improve performance, using one bias, loss aversion, to address another, dynamic inconsistency. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2402 . This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, behavioral economics.