bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microglial activation during epileptogenesis in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zou Jia , Han Lirong , Rensing Nicholas , Wong Michael 
Published: June 2016

SummaryObjectiveTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder, characterized by tumor formation in multiple organs and severe neurologic manifestations, including epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autism. Abnormalities of both neurons and astrocytes have been implicated in contributing to the neurologic phenotype of TSC, but the role of microglia in TSC has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to characterize microglial activation in a mouse model of TSC, involving conditional inactivation of the Tsc1 gene predominantly in glial cells (Tsc1GFAPCKO mice), and to test the hypothesis that microglial activation contributes to epileptogenesis in this mouse model.MethodsMicroglial and astrocyte activation was examined in Tsc1GFAPCKO mice by ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry. Cytokine and chemokine expression was evaluated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Seizures were monitored by video–electroencephalography (EEG). The effect of minocycline in inhibiting microglial and astrocyte activation, cytokine expression, and seizures was tested.ResultsMicroglial cell number and size were increased in cortex and hippocampus of 3‐ to 4‐week‐old Tsc1GFAPCKO mice, which correlated with the onset of seizures. Minocycline treatment prevented the increase in number and cell size of microglia in 4‐week‐old Tsc1GFAPCKO mice. However, minocycline treatment had no effect on astrocyte proliferation and cytokine/chemokine expression and the progression of seizures in Tsc1GFAPCKO mice.SignificanceMicroglia cell number and size are abnormal in Tsc1GFAPCKO mice, and minocycline treatment inhibits this microglia activation, but does not suppress seizures. Microglia may play a role in the neurologic manifestations of TSC, but additional studies are needed in other models and human studies to determine whether microglia are critical for epileptogenesis in TSC.
New Age with Chinese Characteristics? Translating Inner Child Emotion Pedagogies in Contemporary China
Authors: Pritzker Sonya E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article examines the translation of inner child emotion pedagogies in contemporary China. With a focus on several interactions taking place within evening salons, the article observes the pedagogical strategies and metalinguistic practices that translate as well as transform inner child pedagogies in novel ways. I emphasize the ways in which these encounters play upon the boundaries between “inner” and “outer” selves in the teaching of a distinct discursive consciousness regarding the role of language and embodied expression in the healing of the inner self. I argue that this creates both a distillation as well as expansion of western psychotherapeutic ideologies of language, emotion, and the self. I further highlight the ways in which the interactions index a broadly distributed process of concurrent events and sociohistorical circumstances that bring adapted versions of psychotherapeutic and New Age spiritual discourse into China. This article argues that the translation of inner child emotion pedagogies in China unfolds through a process ofliving translation, in which specific encounters serve as instances in which the meaning and implications of semiotic and linguistic registers are continuously remade in an ongoing stream of embodied interactions that are mediated by various ideologies of language, emotion, and personhood.本文探讨了在当代中国内在小孩情感教学法的翻译。通过”内在小孩疗愈晚间沙龙”的几次互动, 本文重点观察教学策略和元语言实践——即对内在小孩疗愈法的创新翻译和转化。在这种独特的话语意识教学中, 笔者强调, 冲突在”内在”和”外在”自我界限间作用的这种方式, 在治愈内在自我过程中, 对语言和形象化表达的作用。笔者认为, 这在语言、情感和自我方面同时凝练而拓展了的西方心理治疗体系。笔者进一步强调, 互动指向广泛分布的同期事件和社会历史状况的这种方式, 把本土化的心理治疗学和新世代心灵的语言带入了中国。本文认为, 在中国的内在小孩情感疗愈是通过当下翻译来展开的, 在此翻译过程中, 特定冲突被作为微观民族志的实例。这些例子中, 符号学和语言学记录的含义持续地通过语言、情感和人格知识体系在具象化的互动中获得。
A Heartfelt Approach: On and Beyond Neoliberalism
Authors: McElhinny Bonnie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractScholars analyzing neoliberalism have a two‐pronged challenge, since “neoliberalism” is both too little, and at moments too extensively, used in applied linguistics and sociolinguistics (see also Allan and McElhinny, n.d.). This article considers what the contributions to this special issue contribute towards the study of neoliberalism with a focus on emotional pedagogies, as it considers where and how the articles also show contestations of and challenges to neoliberalism.
Common artefacts and pitfalls in equine computed and digital radiography and how to avoid them
Authors: Dixon J. , Biggi M. , Weller R. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryRadiographic technology has rapidly advanced over the last decade with the use of both computed radiography and digital radiography now being common in equine practice. Image quality is critical for optimal diagnostic accuracy, so identification of factors that negatively influence quality is vital. The most commonly encountered problems include positioning errors, exposure anomalies, movement artefacts, labelling errors and image processing faults. The aim of this review is to describe common radiographic faults that will allow the equine practitioner to recognise and learn how to prevent these issues, thus improving image quality. This will aid in improving diagnostic accuracy and will enhance radiation safety by reducing the number of repeat exposures required.
New weld toe magnification factors for semi‐elliptical cracks in plate‐to‐plate butt‐welded joints
Authors: Lie S. T. , Zhao H. S. , Vipin S. P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBritish Standard 7910:2013 includes a single set of equations for estimating the weld toe magnification factor (Mk) of different types of welded joints with a semi‐elliptical surface crack. In this study, extensive finite element analyses are performed to determine the Mk of plate‐to‐plate butt‐welded joints subjected to axial and bending loading. The Mk values at the crack deepest points and the crack ends are determined. It is found that the Mk results of butt welds are different with those of single T‐butt joints with percentage difference in values being as high as 63.8% and 97.4% for axial and bending loading cases, respectively. Percentage differences of 60.4% and 358.2% for axial and bending loading cases are observed between butt welds and X‐joints. New Mk equations for butt welds are proposed using multiple regression analyses.
Intratumoral heterogeneity of Ki67 expression in early breast cancers exceeds variability between individual tumours
Authors: Focke Cornelia M , Decker Thomas , van Diest Paul J 
Published: June 2016

AimsRegional differences in proliferative activity are commonly seen within breast cancers, but little is known on the extent of intratumoral heterogeneity of Ki67 expression. Our aim was to study the intratumoral heterogeneity of Ki67 expression in early breast cancers and its association with clinicopathological features, such as oestrogen receptor (ER) status, grade and histological subtype.Methods and resultsThe Ki67‐labelling index (Ki67‐LI) was assessed in hot, cold and intermediate spots of 233 invasive breast cancers by counting a total of 1020 cells, according to a protocol of the International Ki67 in Breast Cancer Working Group. Differences between the spots per tumour were analysed further for clinicopathological subgroups defined by ER status, grade and histological subtype. All clinicopathological subgroups showed significant differences in Ki67‐LI between hot, intermediate and cold spots (P < 0.0001). The coefficient of variance (CV) between the spots was higher in ER‐positive than in ER‐negative cancers (72.6 versus 49.2%, P < 0.0001), and was highest in grade 3 (96.12%), grade 1 (87.27%) and invasive lobular tumours (83.59%) and lowest in medullary (26.48%) cancers. Nested analysis of variance indicated that in both ER‐positive and ER‐negative cancers, variance in Ki67‐LI within tumours contributed more to the total variance (56% for ER‐positive, 60% for ER‐negative cancers) than the variance between tumours.ConclusionIntratumoral heterogeneity in Ki67‐LI is a ubiquitous phenomenon across various pathological subgroups of breast cancer that may impact assessment of Ki67 levels for clinical decision‐making, and sheds new light on recommended cut‐offs.
Clinicopathological characteristics predict lymph node metastases in ypT0‐2 rectal cancer after chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Bosch Steven L , Vermeer Thomas A , West Nicholas P , Swellengrebel Hendrik A M , Marijnen Corrie A M , Cats Annemieke , Verhoef Cornelis , van Lijnschoten Ineke , de Wilt Johannes H W , Rutten Harm J , Nagtegaal Iris D 
Published: June 2016

AimsChanges in rectal cancer treatment include increasing emphasis on organ preservation. Local excision after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for rectal cancer with excellent clinical response reduces morbidity and mortality compared to total mesorectal excision, although residual lymph node metastases (LNM) may cause local recurrence. Our aim is to identify clinicopathological factors predicting the presence of residual LNM in rectal cancer patients with ypT0‐2 tumours after neoadjuvant CRT. These risk factors may help to select patients who can be spared radical surgery without compromising oncological outcomes.Methods and resultsRectal cancer patients with ypT0‐2 tumours after CRT and radical resection from five centres treated between June 1999 and February 2012 were included. Histopathology was reviewed extensively. Clinicopathological characteristics and their association with residual LNM were investigated. Of 657 consecutive CRT‐treated rectal cancer patients 210 with ypT0‐2 disease were included. Residual nodal disease was found in 44 cases (21.0%). Independent predictors of LNM were clinical nodal involvement (cN+) [odds ratio (OR): 2.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–7.48, P = 0.042], high‐grade histopathology assessed in the post‐CRT resection specimen (OR: 6.46, 95% CI: 1.23–34.02, P = 0.028) and residual tumour diameter (RTD) ≥10 mm (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.06–6.09, P = 0.036). An algorithm combining these factors stratified patients adequately according to LNM risk, independently of ypT category.ConclusionsClinical nodal involvement, high‐grade histopathology and RTD ≥10 mm are strong and independent predictors of residual nodal disease in rectal cancer patients with ypT0‐2 tumours after CRT. Risk stratification based on these factors may help to identify patients suitable for organ preserving therapy and should be validated in appropriately selected populations.
Thromboprophylaxis adherence to the ninth edition of American college of chest physicians antithrombotic guidelines in a tertiary care centre: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Thériault T. , Touchette M. , Goupil V. , Echenberg D. , Lanthier L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRationaleVenous thromboembolic disease is a source of significant morbidity in hospitalized patients. The American College of Chest Physicians published the ninth edition of antithrombotic therapy and prevention guidelines (AT9) in 2012, addressing thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients. A notable difference from previous guidelines was utilization of risk assessment models for thrombosis and bleeding to classify patients into risk categories.AimThis study's objective was to evaluate thromboprophylaxis adherence to AT9 guidelines in a population of patients at the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de service sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke.MethodA cross‐sectional study at the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de service sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke was performed between June and December 2012. Patients' risk factors for thrombosis and bleeding, and thromboprophylaxis use were documented. The Padua and Caprini models were used to determine thrombotic risk, and the International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism bleeding risk score was used for bleeding risk.ResultsA total of 290 patients were included for analysis. Overall, 200 patients (70%) received some form of thromboprophylaxis. However, according to AT9 guidelines, only 162 patients (55.9%) received recommended prophylaxis, 91 (31.4%) had overuse of prophylaxis and 37 (12.7%) had underuse of prophylaxis. Appropriate prophylaxis use was higher in surgical (61.8%) than in medical (46.7%) patients.ConclusionsThere was a high rate of inappropriate thromboembolic prophylaxis in our centre according to AT9 guidelines, mostly from overuse of prophylaxis. Utilization of risk assessment models in AT9 guidelines adds to the complexity of physician's decisions to prescribe thromboprophylaxis and needs further validation.
‘Wouldn't it be easier if you continued to be a guy?’ – a qualitative interview study of transsexual persons’ experiences of encounters with healthcare professionals
Authors: von Vogelsang Ann‐Christin , Milton Camilla , Ericsson Ingrid , Strömberg Lars 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe transsexual persons’ experiences of encounters with healthcare professionals during the sex reassignment process.BackgroundTranssexual persons are individuals who use varying means to alter their natal sex via hormones and/or surgery. Transsexual persons may experience stigma, which increases the risk of psychological distress. Mistreatments by healthcare professionals are common. Qualitative studies addressing transsexual persons’ experiences of healthcare are scarce.DesignQualitative descriptive design.MethodsA Swedish non‐clinical convenience sample was used, consisting of six persons who had been diagnosed as transsexual, gone through sex reassignment surgery or were at the time of the interview awaiting surgery. Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken, and data were analysed using manifest qualitative content analysis.ResultsThree categories and 15 subcategories were identified. The encounters were perceived as good when healthcare professionals showed respect and preserved the transsexual person's integrity, acted in a professional manner and were responsive and built trust and confidence. However, the participants experienced that healthcare professionals varied in their level of knowledge, exploited their position of power, withheld information, expressed gender stereotypical attitudes and often used the wrong name. They felt vulnerable by having a condescending view of themselves, and they could not choose not to be transsexual. They felt dependent on healthcare professionals, and that the external demands were high.ConclusionsTranssexual persons are in a vulnerable position during the sex reassignment surgery process. The encounters in healthcare could be negatively affected if healthcare professionals show inadequate knowledge, exploit their position of power or express gender stereotypical attitudes. A good encounter is characterised by preserved integrity, respect, responsiveness and trust.Relevance to clinical practiceImproved education on transgender issues in nursing and medical education is warranted. Healthcare professionals should be aware of how their attitudes and their level of knowledge affect the care given during the sex reassignment surgery process.
Cigarette smoking and health‐promoting behaviours among tuberculosis patients in rural areas
Authors: Tsai Shu‐Lan , Lai Chun‐Liang , Chi Miao‐Ching , Chen Mei‐Yen 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore cigarette smoking and health‐promoting behaviours among disadvantaged adults before their tuberculosis diagnosis and after their tuberculosis treatment.BackgroundAlthough tuberculosis infection is associated with impaired immune function, healthy lifestyle habits can play a role in improving the immune system. However, limited research has explored the health‐promoting behaviours and cigarette smoking habits among tuberculosis patients in Taiwan.DesignA cross‐sectional retrospective study with a convenience sample.MethodsThis study was conducted between May 2013–June 2014 with 123 patients at a rural district hospital in Chiayi County, Taiwan. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, univariate analysis and stepwise regression analysis.ResultsTuberculosis tended to be associated with less education, male sex, malnutrition, cigarette smoking and unhealthy lifestyle habits before the tuberculosis diagnosis. The percentage of smoking decreased from 46·9% before to 30·2% after the tuberculosis diagnosis. Body mass index and health‐promoting behaviours also significantly improved after tuberculosis treatment. After controlling for potential confounding factors, multivariate analysis identified chronic disease and completed treatment as significant factors that were associated with current health‐promoting behaviours.ConclusionsA high prevalence of cigarette smoking and low levels of health‐promoting behaviours were observed before the diagnosis and during or after completing tuberculosis treatment.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study's findings indicate the importance of promoting healthy lifestyle changes among tuberculosis patients; aggressive measures should be implemented immediately after the first diagnosis of tuberculosis. Furthermore, health promotion and smoking cessation programmes should be initiated in the general population to prevent activation of latent tuberculosis infection, and these programmes should specifically target men and rural residents.
It is complicated: gender and sexual orientation identity in LGBTQ youth
Authors: Bosse Jordon D , Chiodo Lisa 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore the variations of sexual orientation and gender identity as well as the intersections of those identities in a sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning youth.BackgroundIdentity development is a key task of adolescence. Among the multiple identities that young people navigate are sexual orientation and gender identity. Challenges with solidifying and integrating aspects of one's identity can contribute to poor physical and mental health outcomes.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive survey.MethodsA convenience sample was recruited via collaborations with community organisations and Internet groups who provide information and services for LGBTQ youth under the age of 25.ResultsOf the 175 respondents, one‐third of the sample reported a gender identity that was not congruent with their sex assigned at birth. Those assigned female sex at birth reported noncongruent gender identities as well as fluid and nonbinary identities such as genderqueer and agender more frequently that respondents assigned male at birth. Individuals with noncongruent gender identities were more likely to identify with a sexual orientation other than lesbian, gay or bisexual than individuals with gender identities congruent with their sex assigned at birth.ConclusionsAdolescent sexual orientation and gender identity are complex and nuanced. Nurse scientists and clinical nurses can contribute to understanding of these identities, their meaning to the young person and the unique health implications by regularly inquiring about sexual orientation and gender identity in their practice.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses in clinical practice need to be aware of the sometimes complicated nature of adolescent identity and its related terminology so that they can ask relevant questions and provide culturally safe care.
Cumulative trauma and partner conflict predict post‐traumatic stress disorder in postpartum African‐American women
Authors: Hauff Nancy J , Fry‐McComish Judith , Chiodo Lisa M 
Published: June 2016

Aim and objectiveTo describe relationships between cumulative trauma, partner conflict and post‐traumatic stress in African‐American postpartum women.BackgroundCumulative trauma exposure estimates for women in the USA range from 51–69%. During pregnancy, most trauma research has focused on physical injury to the mother. Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with trauma and more prevalent in African‐American women than women of other groups. Knowledge about both the rate and impact of cumulative trauma on pregnancy may contribute to our understanding of women seeking prenatal care, and disparities in infant morbidity and mortality.DesignThis retrospective, correlational, cross‐sectional study took place on postpartum units of two Detroit hospitals. Participants were 150 African‐American women aged between 18–45 who had given birth.MethodsMothers completed the Cumulative Trauma Scale, Conflict Tactics Scale, Clinician Administered Post‐traumatic Stress Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and a Demographic Data form. Descriptive statistics, correlations and multiple regressions were used for data analysis.ResultsAll participants reported at least one traumatic event in their lifetime. Cumulative trauma and partner conflict predicted PTSD, with the trauma of a life‐threatening event for a loved one reported by 60% of the sample. Nearly, one‐fourth of the women screened were at risk for PTSD. Increased cumulative trauma, increased partner conflict and lower level of education were related to higher rates of PTSD symptoms.ConclusionBoth cumulative trauma and partner conflict in the past year predict PTSD. Reasoning was used most often for partner conflict resolution.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe results of this study offer additional knowledge regarding relationships between cumulative trauma, partner conflict and PTSD in African‐American women. Healthcare providers need to be sensitive to patient life‐threatening events, personal failures, abuse and other types of trauma. Current evidence supports the need to assess for post‐traumatic stress symptoms during pregnancy.
Constipation is casting a shadow over everyday life – a systematic review on older people's experience of living with constipation
Authors: Tvistholm Nina , Munch Lene , Danielsen Anne Kjaergaard 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore and summarise best evidence of how constipation affects the daily living of older people from their own perspective. Furthermore, to assess how interventions aimed at treating constipation in older people affect patient‐reported outcome such as quality of life.BackgroundConstipation is a common and overlooked problem with an impact on everyday life, especially among older people. Older people seem to have individual preconceptions on constipation which can influence the strategies used to prevent and treat constipation.DesignA systematic review, integrating findings from both qualitative and quantitative studies.MethodSystematic searches were carried out in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and EMBASE on the 31st of July 2014. A search strategy was constructed with key concepts identified using PICO to identify quantitative studies and PIC(o) to identify qualitative studies. Search terms included constipation, elderly, aged, elderly people, aged people, quality of life, patient experience, patient perspective, meaning, emotion, psychological. Reference lists were searched manually.ResultsA total of nine studies were included in the review, five quantitative and four qualitative. Three main themes crystallised from the results of the included studies: bodily experiences, everyday life shadowed by constipation and adverse psychological effects.ConclusionConstipation among older people was connected to subjective and comprehensive experiences. It had a negative impact on physical and mental well‐being as well as the social life of older people. The review also showed that older people had individual and personal strategies, based on their own beliefs.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals need to be aware of the experiences of living with constipation as well as the range of strategies used by patients to prevent and treat constipation. The patient perspective on constipation needs to be integrated in the strategies and actions carried out by healthcare professionals.