bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating a new method for reconstructing forest conditions from General Land Office survey records
Authors: Levine Carrie R. , Cogbill Charles V. , Collins Brandon M. , Larson Andrew J. , Lutz James A. , North Malcolm P. , Restaino Christina M. , Safford Hugh D. , Stephens Scott L. , Battles John J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHistorical forest conditions are often used to inform contemporary management goals because historical forests are considered to be resilient to ecological disturbances. The General Land Office (GLO) surveys of the late 19th and early 20th centuries provide regionally quasi‐contiguous data sets of historical forests across much of the Western United States. Multiple methods exist for estimating tree density from point‐based sampling such as theGLOsurveys, including distance‐based and area‐based approaches. Area‐based approaches have been applied in California mixed‐conifer forests but their estimates have not been validated. To assess the accuracy and precision of plotless density estimators with potential for application toGLOdata in this region, we imposed aGLOsampling scheme on six mapped forest stands of known densities (159–784 trees/ha) in the Sierra Nevada in California,USA, and Baja California Norte, Mexico. We compared three distance‐based plotless density estimators (Cottam, Pollard, and Morisita) as well as two Voronoi area (VA) estimators, the Delincé and mean harmonic Voronoi density (MHVD), to the true densities. We simulated sampling schemes of increasing intensity to assess sampling error. The relative error (RE) of density estimates for theGLOsampling scheme ranged from 0.36 to 4.78. The least biased estimate of tree density in every stand was obtained with the Morisita estimator and the most biased was obtained with theMHVDestimator. TheMHVDestimates of tree density were 1.2–3.8 times larger than the true densities and performed best in stands subject to fire exclusion for 100 yr. The Delincé approach obtained accurate estimates of density, implying that the Voronoi approach is theoretically sound but that its application in theMHVDwas flawed. The misapplication was attributed to two causes: (1) the use of a crown scaling factor that does not correct for the number of trees sampled and (2) the persistent underestimate of the trueVAdue to a weak relationship between tree size andVA. The magnitude of differences between true densities andMHVDestimates suggest caution in using results based on theMHVDto inform management and restoration practices in the conifer forests of the American West.
Mechanisms of nitrogen deposition effects on temperate forest lichens and trees
Authors: Carter Therese S. , Clark Christopher M. , Fenn Mark E. , Jovan Sarah , Perakis Steven S. , Riddell Jennifer , Schaberg Paul G. , Greaver Tara L. , Hastings Meredith G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe review the mechanisms of deleterious nitrogen (N) deposition impacts on temperate forests, with a particular focus on trees and lichens. Elevated anthropogenic N deposition to forests has varied effects on individual organisms depending on characteristics both of the N inputs (form, timing, amount) and of the organisms (ecology, physiology) involved. Improved mechanistic knowledge of these effects can aid in developing robust predictions of how organisms respond to either increases or decreases in N deposition. Rising N levels affect forests in micro‐ and macroscopic ways from physiological responses at the cellular, tissue, and organism levels to influencing individual species and entire communities and ecosystems. A synthesis of these processes forms the basis for the overarching themes of this paper, which focuses on N effects at different levels of biological organization in temperate forests. For lichens, the mechanisms of direct effects of N are relatively well known at cellular, organismal, and community levels, though interactions of N with other stressors merit further research. For trees, effects of N deposition are better understood for N as an acidifying agent than as a nutrient; in both cases, the impacts can reflect direct effects on short time scales and indirect effects mediated through long‐term soil and belowground changes. There are many gaps on fundamental N use and cycling in ecosystems, and we highlight the most critical gaps for understanding potential deleterious effects of N deposition. For lichens, these gaps include both how N affects specific metabolic pathways and how N is metabolized. For trees, these gaps include understanding the direct effects of N deposition onto forest canopies, the sensitivity of different tree species and mycorrhizal symbionts to N, the influence of soil properties, and the reversibility of N and acidification effects on plants and soils. Continued study of how these N response mechanisms interact with one another, and with other dimensions of global change, remains essential for predicting ongoing changes in lichen and tree populations across North American temperate forests.
Endoscopic management of tissue‐engineered tracheal graft stenosis in an ovine model
Authors: Pepper Victoria K. , Onwuka Ekene A. , Best Cameron A. , King Nakesha , Heuer Eric , Johnson Jed , Breuer Christopher K. , Grischkan Jonathan M. , Chiang Tendy 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of bronchoscopic interventions in the management of tissue‐engineered tracheal graft (TETG) stenosis.Study DesignAnimal research study.MethodsTETGs were constructed with seeded autologous bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells on a bioartificial graft. Eight sheep underwent tracheal resection and orthotopic implantation of this construct. Animals were monitored by bronchoscopy and fluoroscopy at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 4 months. Bronchoscopic interventions, including dilation and stenting, were performed to manage graft stenosis. Postdilation measurements were obtained endoscopically and fluoroscopically.ResultsSeven dilations were performed in six animals. At the point of maximal stenosis, the lumen measured 44.6 ± 8.4 mm2 predilation and 50.7 ± 14.1 postdilation by bronchoscopy (P = 0.3517). By fluoroscopic imaging, the airway was 55.9 ± 12.9 mm2 predilation and 65.9 ± 22.4 mm2 postdilation (P = 0.1303). Stents were placed 17 times in six animals. Pre‐ and poststenting lumen sizes were 62.8 ± 38.8 mm2 and 80.1 ± 54.5 mm2 by bronchoscopy (P = 0.6169) and 77.1 ± 38.9 mm2 and 104 ± 60.7 mm2 by fluoroscopy (P = 0.0825). Mortality after intervention was 67% with dilation and 0% with stenting (P = 0.0004). The average days between bronchoscopy were 8 ± 2 for the dilation group and 26 ± 17 in the stenting group (P = 0.05). One hundred percent of dilations and 29% of stent placements required urgent follow‐up bronchoscopy (P = 0.05).ConclusionDilation has limited efficacy for managing TETG stenosis, whereas stenting has a more lasting clinical effect.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:2219–2224, 2017
Onset of bell's palsy in late pregnancy and early puerperium is associated with worse long‐term outcomes
Authors: Phillips Katie M. , Heiser Alyssa , Gaudin Robert , Hadlock Tessa A. , Jowett Nate 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionThe incidence of Bell's palsy (BP) is elevated in the late phases of pregnancy. Controversy exists as to whether pregnancy is a risk factor for worse outcomes in BP, and whether such outcomes are the result of factors intrinsic to pregnancy or the tendency to withhold medical therapy in this cohort.MethodsLong‐term facial function outcomes in cases of pregnancy‐associated BP (PABP) were compared against outcomes in cases affecting nonpregnant adult women of child‐bearing age by a blinded expert using the electronic clinician‐graded facial function scale (eFACE) facial grading system.ResultsFifty‐one pregnancy‐associated cases and 58 nonpregnancy‐associated cases were included. Among patients who received early corticosteroid therapy, significantly worse static, synkinesis, and composite facial function eFACE scores were demonstrated among cases of PABP compared to nonpregnancy‐associated cases (static median = 86 vs. 92.5, P = 0.005; synkinesis median = 79 vs. 86, P = 0.007; composite median = 78 vs. 84, P = 0.023). Among those not treated with corticosteroids, significantly worse dynamic and composite facial function eFACE scores were demonstrated in cases of PABP compared to those for nonpregnancy‐associated cases (dynamic median = 74 vs. 92.5, P = 0.038; composite median = 73 vs. 86.5, P = 0.038). A trend toward improved outcomes was demonstrated within both groups for those treated with corticosteroids compared to those who were not.ConclusionIn comparison to cases unrelated to pregnancy, late‐term PABP is associated with worse long‐term outcomes to a degree that cannot solely be explained by differences in medical therapy.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:2854–2859, 2017
A novel fast clean algorithm using the gradient descent method
Authors: Choi Young‐Jae , Choi In‐Sik 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTAn evolutionary programming (EP)‐based CLEAN and particle swarm optimization (PSO)‐based CLEAN have better accuracy than the FFT‐based CLEAN. EP‐ and PSO‐based CLEAN have a higher computational burden, because they must solve a three‐dimensional optimization problem using the stochastic search method. To overcome this problem, we employ gradient descent to the CLEAN algorithm. We then compare the performance of the proposed method with that of the PSO‐based CLEAN and the FFT‐based CLEAN. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is faster and more accurate than conventional methods. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1018–1022, 2017
Demonstration of a noble all optical D‐type flip flop system for high speed data processing
Authors: Lu Wei , Velazquez Alejandro , Lee Ghang‐Ho 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIn this article, we demonstrate a novel all optical D‐type flip flop (D‐FF) system for high speed data processing. The Cross Gain Modulation (XGM) response of four Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOAs) has been exploited to create optical logics for D‐FF. The system validity has been experimentally demonstrated by using the optical bit sequences operating at 10 Gbps. The proposed system can be extended in data rate and also be used as a basic architecture for the photonic integrated circuit. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1042–1045, 2017
Conformational flexibility of the glycosidase NagZ allows it to bind structurally diverse inhibitors to suppress β‐lactam antibiotic resistance
Authors: Vadlamani Grishma , Stubbs Keith A. , Désiré Jérôme , Blériot Yves , Vocadlo David J. , Mark Brian L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNagZ is an N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase that participates in the peptidoglycan (PG) recycling pathway of Gram‐negative bacteria by removing N‐acetyl‐glucosamine (GlcNAc) from PG fragments that have been excised from the cell wall during growth. The 1,6‐anhydromuramoyl‐peptide products generated by NagZ activate β‐lactam resistance in many Gram‐negative bacteria by inducing the expression of AmpC β‐lactamase. Blocking NagZ activity can thereby suppress β‐lactam antibiotic resistance in these bacteria. The NagZ active site is dynamic and it accommodates distortion of the glycan substrate during catalysis using a mobile catalytic loop that carries a histidine residue which serves as the active site general acid/base catalyst. Here, we show that flexibility of this catalytic loop also accommodates structural differences in small molecule inhibitors of NagZ, which could be exploited to improve inhibitor specificity. X‐ray structures of NagZ bound to the potent yet non‐selective N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase inhibitor PUGNAc (O‐(2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucopyranosylidene) amino‐N‐phenylcarbamate), and two NagZ‐selective inhibitors – EtBuPUG, a PUGNAc derivative bearing a 2‐N‐ethylbutyryl group, and MM‐156, a 3‐N‐butyryl trihydroxyazepane, revealed that the phenylcarbamate moiety of PUGNAc and EtBuPUG completely displaces the catalytic loop from the NagZ active site to yield a catalytically incompetent form of the enzyme. In contrast, the catalytic loop was found positioned in the catalytically active conformation within the NagZ active site when bound to MM‐156, which lacks the phenylcarbamate extension. Displacement of the catalytic loop by PUGNAc and its N‐acyl derivative EtBuPUG alters the active site conformation of NagZ, which presents an additional strategy to improve the potency and specificity of NagZ inhibitors.
Construction of Spiro[indeno[2,1‐e]pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐10,3′‐indoline] and Indeno[1,2‐b]pyrrolo[3,4‐e]pyridine via Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Xiao Man , Jiang Yan‐Hong , Yan Chao‐Guo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe three‐component reaction of β‐enamino imides, isatins and indan‐1,3‐dione in refluxing ethanol in the presence of triethylamine afforded functionalized spiro[indeno[2,1‐e]pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐10,3′‐indolines] in good yields. The similar three‐component reaction of β‐enamino imides, aromatic aldehydes and indan‐1,3‐dione in methylene dichloride in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate resulted in the corresponding indeno[1,2‐b]pyrrolo[3,4‐e]pyridine derivatives.
WHO WANTS TO LEAVE CHINA?
Authors: Huang Haifeng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhy are Chinese people moving abroad in unprecedented numbers? Using unique experimental and survey data, this research finds that Chinese citizens with more positive perceptions and, especially, overestimation of foreign socioeconomic conditions are more interested in going abroad. Moreover, correcting socioeconomic overestimation of foreign countries reduces their interest in leaving China, indicating that there is a causal effect from rosier perceptions of foreign conditions to higher interest in going abroad, and emigration does not always represent well-informed “voting with the feet.” The relationship between international political knowledge and exit intentions, on the other hand, is not significant or consistent, suggesting that Chinese citizens’ interest in going abroad is more socioeconomic than political in nature. These results contribute to the study of citizen misinformation, challenge a prevalent assumption in the international migration literature, and help us understand one of the most important social trends in the world's largest developing and authoritarian country.
Mental Health Experiences of Older Adults Living with HIV: Uncertainty, Stigma, and Approaches to Resilience
Authors: Furlotte Charles , Schwartz Karen 
Published: March 2017

RÉSUMÉCette étude décrit les expériences des personnes âgées vivant avec le VIH à Ottawa en santé mentale. Onze participants âgés de 52-67 complété des entrevues personnelles approfondies. Problèmes de santé mentale sont omniprésentes dans la vie de ces personnes âgées. Nous avons identifié trois thèmes centraux communs aux histoires des participants: l’incertitude, la stigmatisation et la résilience. Pour certains de ces participants, l’incertitude impact sur la santé mentale centrée sur la survie inattendue; interprétation de l’un des symptômes; et l’incertitude médicale. Les expériences de stigmatisation des participants comprenaient la discrimination dans les interactions de soins de santé; désinformation; sentir stigmatisés en raison de certains aspects de leur apparence physique; stigmatisation aggravée; et la stigmatisation prévu. Les participants ont signalé l’utilisation de plusieurs stratégies d’adaptation, qui nous encadrent les approches à titre individuel à la résilience. Ces stratégies comprennent la réduction de l’espace VIH prend dans sa vie; faire des changements de style de vie pour accueillir sa maladie; et coopérant avec le soutien social. Ces résultats informent la compréhension des services pour les personnes vieillissantes avec le VIH qui peuvent éprouver des problèmes de santé mentale.
Live music intervention for cancer inpatients: The Music Givers format
Authors: Toccafondi Alessandro , Bonacchi Andrea , Mambrini Andrea , Miccinesi Guido , Prosseda Roberto , Cantore Maurizio 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:The present study intended to evaluate the impact of a standardized format—called the “Music Givers,” based on a single session of music intervention followed by a buffet—on the psychological burden and well-being of hospitalized cancer patients.Method:The Distress Thermometer (DT), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and self-reported visual analogue scales (score range = 1–10) to assess pain, fatigue, and five areas of well-being (i.e., physical, psychological, relational, spiritual, and overall well-being) were administered to 242 cancer patients upon admission to and at discharge from the hospital. Among them, 103 were hospitalized during which time a live concert took place (intervention group), whereas 139 patients were hospitalized when it did not (control group).Results:Compared to the control group, patients in the intervention group demonstrated less distress at discharge according to the DT (adjusted estimate of difference = –0.8,p = 0.001), lower HADS–Anxiety (–1.7,p < 0.001) and HADS–Depression scores (–1.3,p = 0.001), and higher scores on all the well-being scales, with the exception of spiritual well-being. In addition, no between-group differences were found in terms of pain and fatigue scores at discharge.Significance of results:The one-session format of the Music Givers intervention is an effective, standardized, easy-to-replicate, and low-cost intervention that reduces psychological burden and improves the well-being of hospitalized cancer patients. Listening to live music and the opportunity to establish better relationships between patients and staff could explain these results.
Proteogenomic integration reveals therapeutic targets in breast cancer xenografts
Authors: Huang Kuan-lin , Li Shunqiang , Mertins Philipp , Cao Song , Gunawardena Harsha P. , Ruggles Kelly V. , Mani D. R. , Clauser Karl R. , Tanioka Maki , Usary Jerry , Kavuri Shyam M. , Xie Ling , Yoon Christopher , Qiao Jana W , Wrobel John , Wyczalkowski Matthew A. , Erdmann-Gilmore Petra , Snider Jacqueline E. , Hoog Jeremy , Singh Purba , Niu Beifang , Guo Zhanfang , Sun Sam Qiancheng , Sanati Souzan , Kawaler Emily , Wang Xuya , Scott Adam , Ye Kai , McLellan Michael D. , Wendl Michael C. , Malovannaya Anna , Held Jason M. , Gillette Michael A. , Fenyö David , Kinsinger Christopher R. , Mesri Mehdi , Rodriguez Henry , Davies Sherri R. , Perou Charles M. , Ma Cynthia , Reid Townsend R. , Chen Xian , Carr Steven A. , Ellis Matthew J. , Ding Li 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecent advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled extensive analysis of cancer proteomes. Here, we employed quantitative proteomics to profile protein expression across 24 breast cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Integrated proteogenomic analysis shows positive correlation between expression measurements from transcriptomic and proteomic analyses; further, gene expression-based intrinsic subtypes are largely re-capitulated using non-stromal protein markers. Proteogenomic analysis also validates a number of predicted genomic targets in multiple receptor tyrosine kinases. However, several protein/phosphoprotein events such as overexpression of AKT proteins and ARAF, BRAF, HSP90AB1 phosphosites are not readily explainable by genomic analysis, suggesting that druggable translational and/or post-translational regulatory events may be uniquely diagnosed by MS. Drug treatment experiments targeting HER2 and components of the PI3K pathway supported proteogenomic response predictions in seven xenograft models. Our study demonstrates that MS-based proteomics can identify therapeutic targets and highlights the potential of PDX drug response evaluation to annotate MS-based pathway activities.
Plasmonic photoluminescence for recovering native chemical information from surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Lin Kai-Qiang , Yi Jun , Zhong Jin-Hui , Hu Shu , Liu Bi-Ju , Liu Jun-Yang , Zong Cheng , Lei Zhi-Chao , Wang Xiang , Aizpurua Javier , Esteban Rubén , Ren Bin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSurface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has attracted tremendous interests as a highly sensitive label-free tool. The local field produced by the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) dominates the overall enhancement of SERS. Such an electromagnetic enhancement is unfortunately accompanied by a strong modification in the relative intensity of the original Raman spectra, which highly distorts spectral features providing chemical information. Here we propose a robust method to retrieve the fingerprint of intrinsic chemical information from the SERS spectra. The method is established based on the finding that the SERS background originates from the LSPR-modulated photoluminescence, which contains the local field information shared also by SERS. We validate this concept of retrieval of intrinsic fingerprint information in well controlled single metallic nanoantennas of varying aspect ratios. We further demonstrate its unambiguity and generality in more complicated systems of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and SERS of silver nanoaggregates.
Catalyzed Synthesis of Zinc Clays by Prebiotic Central Metabolites
Authors: Zhou Ruixin , Basu Kaustuv , Hartman Hyman , Matocha Christopher J. , Sears S. Kelly , Vali Hojatollah , Guzman Marcelo I. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHow primordial metabolic networks such as the reverse tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle and clay mineral catalysts coevolved remains a mystery in the puzzle to understand the origin of life. While prebiotic reactions from the rTCA cycle were accomplished via photochemistry on semiconductor minerals, the synthesis of clays was demonstrated at low temperature and ambient pressure catalyzed by oxalate. Herein, the crystallization of clay minerals is catalyzed by succinate, an example of a photoproduced intermediate from central metabolism. The experiments connect the synthesis of sauconite, a model for clay minerals, to prebiotic photochemistry. We report the temperature, pH, and concentration dependence on succinate for the synthesis of sauconite identifying new mechanisms of clay formation in surface environments of rocky planets. The work demonstrates that seeding induces nucleation at low temperatures accelerating the crystallization process. Cryogenic and conventional transmission electron microscopies, X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and measurements of total surface area are used to build a three-dimensional representation of the clay. These results suggest the coevolution of clay minerals and early metabolites in our planet could have been facilitated by sunlight photochemistry, which played a significant role in the complex interplay between rocks and life over geological time.
Purification of an unpolarized spin ensemble into entangled singlet pairs
Authors: Greiner Johannes N. , Dasari Durga Bhaktavatsala Rao , Wrachtrup Jörg 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDynamical polarization of nuclear spin ensembles is of central importance for magnetic resonance studies, precision sensing and for applications in quantum information theory. Here we propose a scheme to generate long-lived singlet pairs in an unpolarized nuclear spin ensemble which is dipolar coupled to the electron spins of a Nitrogen Vacancy center in diamond. The quantum mechanical back-action induced by frequent spin-selective readout of the NV centers allows the nuclear spins to pair up into maximally entangled singlet pairs. Counterintuitively, the robustness of the pair formation to dephasing noise improves with increasing size of the spin ensemble. We also show how the paired nuclear spin state allows for enhanced sensing capabilities of NV centers in diamond.