bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twitter and Global Political Crises
Authors: O’Loughlin Ben , Vaccari Cristian , Aslan Ozgul Billur , Dennis James 
Published: August 2017

This study examines social media responses to the 13 November 2015 Paris attacks by the Islamic State. First impressions of over 2,000,000 tweets containing hashtags #PrayforParis and #PrayforSyria suggested a conflation of three issues: (1) Migration: were the attackers homegrown or carrying overseas passports? (2) Violence: why was Paris attacked and why is France bombing the Islamic State? (3) Media: what role should mainstream and social media play during events that are local and global, unique and yet part of a series? However, instead of conflating media, migration and terrorism, we found users of both hashtags discussing Syria, foreign policy, and justice and fairness. Building on previous research exploring how social media affordances encourage certain communication behaviors, we test whether Twitter’s reply function is more conducive to antagonistic comments than retweets, which we hypothesise allow for an expression of solidarity and universalism. Conversations about Syria contain greater antagonism, explained by aspects of the tweet, user and network effects. The #PrayforParis and #PrayforSyria conversations exhibit neither the contestation of global attention nor a media-driven cycle of insecurity. The high frequency of agonistic and non-visual tweets, particularly about Syria, suggests a robust exchange of claims, refuting pessimistic depictions of Twitter as a space for superficiality and hate.
What We Know about Maʿrūf
Authors: Reinhart A. Kevin 
Published: August 2017

Conventionally, Qurʾānic ethics is derived from the Qurʾān and Propheticḥadīth, (along with certain rules of application) to form norms of moral conduct—sharīʿah. This paper argues that a study of the termmaʿrūf, (meaning literally, “known”) which occurs in three contexts in the Qurʾān, suggests that the Qurʾān itself assumes that revelational knowledge is to be supplemented with conventional moral understandings of what is right and wrong.Aside from one set of usages that seem to mean “candor” in the making of commitments, the emphatic summons to “do themaʿrūf” does not stipulate what that “known” thing is. The implication is that one knows, from social conventions and moral intuitions extrinsic to revelation, what to do. It follows then that “Islamic ethics” ought to be composed of revelational sources, supplemented by the moral knowledge of Muslims at any given time and in any given place.
The Influence of Structural Aspects of the English Counting Word System on the Teaching and Learning of Place Value
Authors: Thompson Ian 
Published: August 2017

The influence of structural aspects of the English counting word system on the teaching and learning of place value In their discussion of the teaching of place value to young children Fuson and Briars (1990) describe the extent to which the English spoken system of number words constitutes a ‘named value’ system for large numbers. They argue that, because two-digit numbers are not ‘named value’, teachers should move from teaching single-digit calculations to teaching calculations with large numbers, only returning to two-digit numbers when children are familiar with the standard written algorithms. This article uses transcriptions of children calculating mentally to suggest that they appear to take advantage of the ‘partitionable’ aspect of the language associated with two-digit numbers - an aspect that Fuson and Briars (1990) appear to have ignored. These examples appear to raise questions about their recommendation that teachers should progress from single-digit to large number calculations.
Australian Mothers' views about Responsibility for Homework in Primary School
Authors: Warton Pamela W. 
Published: August 2017

Responsibility for homework in primary school: Australian mothers' views Homework is an accepted and encouraged part of school practice which, it has been argued, serves a number of functions for most children. The regular practice of homework is thought to help children consolidate their learning, to develop appropriate patterns of study and to take responsibility for their own learning. Children do not develop these skills alone: both parents' and teachers' views and practices are influential. This study investigated the views of mothers of primary school-age children (grades 2, 4 or 6) about homework practices and about the relative roles of parents, teachers and children in developing homework practices. The results indicated similarities on most issues across parents of the three age groups but significant differences in the relative responsibility assigned to children from grade 2 to grade 6. The implications for the development of children's sense of responsibility and of responsible homework practices are discussed.
Finite element analysis of locking plate and 1/4 tubular plate for first tarsometatarsal joint fracture-dislocation
Authors: Yu Xiao , Li Wei-long , Pang Qing-jiang , Zhou Rong-li 
Published: August 2017

Objective The optimal plate for fixation of tarsometatarsal joint injuries is controversial. The objective of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics between a locking plate and 1/4 tubular plate for first tarsometatarsal joint fracture-dislocation. Method Finite element analysis was used after establishment of a first tarsometatarsal joint fracture-dislocation model. Two implant simulations using a locking plate and five-hole 1/4 tubular plate were designed to simulate fixation of the fracture-dislocation. The displacement of the first tarsometatarsal articular surface and the stress distribution in the implants were calculated. Results A 700-N load was applied to both models. The minimum displacement of the articular surface in the locking plate and 1/4 tubular plate model was 0.6471 mm and 0.3833 mm, respectively. The maximum principal stress in the locking plate and 1/4 tubular plate was 1.212 × 103  MPa and 1.107 × 103  MPa, respectively. Conclusion Use of a 1/4 tubular plate is recommended for fixation of first tarsometatarsal joint fracture-dislocation after consideration of other factors such as economical issues.
Diabetes Mellitus induces alterations in metallothionein protein expression and metal levels in the testis and liver
Authors: Gu Yiming , Lian Xin , Sun Weixia , Gao Baoshan , Fu Yaowen 
Published: August 2017

Objective To investigate the effect of diabetes with and without vitamin E treatment on testicular metallothionein (MT) and metal (zinc, copper and iron) changes. Methods Diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of streptozotocin in rats, and diabetic rats were given Vitamin E by i.p. every other day for 4 weeks. MT protein was measured by the cadmium-haeme assay and metal levels were detected by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results Diabetes did not change testicular MT protein, but significantly increased hepatic MT protein. Diabetes significantly decreased testicular copper, but not hepatic copper. Zinc and iron levels were unchanged in both diabetic testis and liver. Vitamin E significantly enhanced both testicular and hepatic MT, and zinc levels in diabetic rats. Vitamin E slightly decreased the copper levels, but did not change the testicular and hepatic iron in diabetic rats. Conclusions Testicular MT protein expression was not increased, even though hepatic MT significantly increased independent of metal changes, in diabetic rats. Vitamin E enhanced testicular and hepatic MT, which correlated with increased zinc levels.
Understanding ageing: fear of chronic diseases later in life
Authors: Awang Halimah , Mansor Norma , Nai Peng Tey , Nik Osman Nik Ainoon 
Published: August 2017

Objectives Ageing is often associated with deteriorating mental and physical health and the need for long-term care, creating a fear of ageing. We investigated what people fear most in terms of disabling chronic diseases and their concerns regarding having long-term illnesses. Methods Data were obtained from an online survey of 518 respondents aged 40 years and older residing in Malaysia, which was based on a convenience sample collected in May 2015 to January 2016. Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests and multinomial logistic regression. Results Of the most dreaded diseases, heart disease and cancer are life-threatening; however, dementia, diabetes, and hypertension persist and have a disabling effect for a long time. While there were variations in the diseases feared most across sex, ethnicity, and place of residence, the biggest worry for all respondents with regard to having a long-term illness was that they would become a burden to their family, a concern that superseded fear of dying. Conclusions We found our survey respondents had a fear of chronic diseases and placing a burden on others. Thus, there is a need to provide motivation for people to adopt a healthy lifestyle, to remain healthy.
Plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid in a cross section of the German population
Authors: Hagel Alexander F. , Albrecht Heinz , Dauth Wolfgang , Hagel Wolfgang , Vitali Francesco , Ganzleben Ingo , Schultis Hans W. , Konturek Peter C. , Stein Jürgen , Neurath Markus F. , Raithel Martin 
Published: August 2017

Objectives Vitamin C deficiency is considered extremely rare in modern industrialized countries. This study was performed to assess vitamin C concentrations in the German population. Methods As part of a consultant–patient seminar on nutrition and food intolerances, patients were asked to participate in this study on a voluntary basis. Blood samples were taken for analysis of serum vitamin C concentrations, and all patients were asked to complete a questionnaire. The vitamin C concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Of approximately 300 patients attending the seminar, 188 (62.6%) consented to vitamin C blood sample analysis and 178 (59.3%) answered the questionnaire. The mean vitamin C concentration was 7.98 mg/L (range, 0.50–17.40; reference range, 5–15 mg/L). A low plasma level with vitamin C insufficiency (<5 mg/L) was found in 31 patients (17.4%), and a potential scorbutogenic deficiency (<1.5 mg/L) was found in 6 (3.3%). Conclusions Potential vitamin C insufficiency and deficiency is common. It is therefore possible, even in modern developed populations, that certain individuals may require a higher intake of vitamin C.
The Effects of Anterolateral Tenodesis on Tibiofemoral Contact Pressures and Kinematics
Authors: Inderhaug Eivind , Stephen Joanna M. , El-Daou Hadi , Williams Andy , Amis Andrew A. 
Published: August 2017

Background:Anterolateral tenodeses are increasingly popular in combination with intra-articular anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. Despite the perception of risk of overconstraint and lateral osteoarthritis, evidence is lacking regarding the effect of graft tensioning on knee kinematics and intra-articular compartmental joint pressures.Purpose:To investigate tibiofemoral joint contact pressures and kinematics related to an anterolateral lesion and the effectiveness of a MacIntosh tenodesis in restoring these when varying (1) graft tension and (2) tibial rotation during graft fixation.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were tested in a customized rig with femur fixed and tibia free to move from 0° to 90° of flexion. The quadriceps and iliotibial band were loaded by means of a weighted pulley system. At 30° intervals of knee flexion, tibiofemoral contact pressures were measured with a Tekscan sensor and tibiofemoral kinematics were recorded by use of an optical tracking system. The knee was tested intact and then with an anterolateral soft tissue transection. MacIntosh tenodeses were then tested in a randomized order with 20 N or 80 N of graft tension, each with the tibia held in neutral intact alignment or free to rotate.Results:Tibial anterior translation and internal rotation were significantly increased and lateral contact pressures significantly reduced compared with the intact knee following anterolateral soft tissue cutting ( P < .05). Contact pressures were restored with fixed neutral tibial rotation combined with 20 N or 80 N of graft tension or by a free-hanging tibia with 20 N of graft tension (all P values > .5). Grafts tensioned with 80 N caused significant overconstraint both when the tibia was fixed and free hanging (all P values < .05). Increases in the lateral tibiofemoral contact pressures were also seen when the tibia was free hanging and 80 N was used for graft tension ( P < .05).Conclusion:Anterolateral soft tissue injury caused reduced lateral tibiofemoral contact pressures and altered tibiofemoral kinematics; these were restored with a MacIntosh procedure performed with 20 N of graft tension. If 80 N of graft tension was used, increased lateral contact pressures and overconstraint in internal rotation were seen. With the tibia free hanging, intact contact biomechanics were restored when 20 N of graft tension was applied, but 80 N of graft tension significantly increased lateral tibiofemoral pressures and overconstrained internal rotation. The kinematic and contact pressure effects were significantly correlated: Changes in tibial rotation caused by increased graft tension correlated with elevated lateral articular contact pressure.Clinical Relevance:Controlling tibial position appears important when tensioning anterolateral tenodeses. However, the identified changes were subtle and may not be clinically significant in a fully loaded knee.
Meta-analysis of rare binary events in treatment groups with unequal variability
Authors: Li Lie , Wang Xinlei 
Published: August 2017

Meta-analysis has been widely used to synthesize information from related studies to achieve reliable findings. However, in studies of rare events, the event counts are often low or even zero, and so standard meta-analysis methods such as fixed-effect models with continuity correction may cause substantial bias in estimation. Recently, Bhaumik et al. developed a simple average estimator for the overall treatment effect based on a random effects model. They proved that the simple average method with the continuity correction factor 0.5 (SA_0.5) is the least biased for large samples and showed via simulation that it has superior performance when compared with other commonly used estimators. However, the random effects models used in previous work are restrictive because they all assume that the variability in the treatment group is equal to or always greater than that in the control group. Under a general framework that explicitly allows treatment groups with unequal variability but assumes no direction, we prove that SA_0.5 is still the least biased for large samples. Meanwhile, to account for a trade-off between the bias and variance in estimation, we consider the mean squared error to assess estimation efficiency and show that SA_0.5 fails to minimize the mean squared error. Under a new random effects model that accommodates groups with unequal variability, we thoroughly compare the performance of various methods for both large and small samples via simulation and draw conclusions about when to use which method in terms of bias, mean squared error, type I error, and confidence interval coverage. A data example of rosiglitazone meta-analysis is used to provide further comparison.
Methotrexate, blood pressure and markers of arterial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Mangoni Arduino A. , Baghdadi Leena R. , Shanahan E. Michael , Wiese Michael D. , Tommasi Sara , Elliot David , Woodman Richard J. 
Published: August 2017

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with lower cardiovascular risk compared to other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). We sought to identify whether the MTX-associated cardioprotection involves changes in blood pressure (BP) and/or arterial function. Methods: Clinic and 24-hour peripheral and central systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were assessed in RA patients on stable treatment with either MTX ± other DMARDs (MTX group, n = 56, age 61 ± 13 years, 70% females) or other DMARDs (non-MTX group, n = 30, age 63 ± 12 years, 76% females). Measurements were performed at baseline and after 8 months. Results: After adjusting for visit, age, gender, body mass index, folic acid use and 28-joint disease activity score, the MTX group had significantly lower clinic peripheral SBP (−7.7 mmHg, 95% CI −13.2 to −2.3, p = 0.006) and DBP (−6.1 mmHg, 95% CI −9.8 to −2.4, p = 0.001) and clinic central SBP (−7.8 mmHg, 95% CI −13.1 to −2.6, p = 0.003) and DBP (−5.4 mmHg, 95% CI −9.1 to −1.6, p = 0.005) versus the non-MTX group. Furthermore, the MTX group had significantly lower 24-hour peripheral and central SBP and DBP and PWV versus the non-MTX group ( p < 0.01 for all comparisons). By contrast, there were no significant between-group differences in AIx and ADMA. Conclusions: RA patients on MTX treatment had significantly lower clinic and 24-hour peripheral and central BP compared to those who did not take MTX. The lower BP with MTX may be related to differences in PWV, but not in AIx or ADMA concentrations. Further longitudinal studies including randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings, to identify other possible mechanisms responsible for the effects of MTX on BP and PWV, and to establish whether these effects might account for the reduced cardiovascular risk with MTX.
Prevent: What is pre-criminal space?
Authors: Goldberg David , Jadhav Sushrut , Younis Tarek 
Published: August 2017

SummaryPrevent is a UK-wide programme within the government's anti-terrorism strategy aimed at stopping individuals from supporting or taking part in terrorist activities. NHS England's Prevent Training and Competencies Framework requires health professionals to understand the concept of pre-criminal space. This article examines pre-criminal space, a new term which refers to a period of time during which a person is referred to a specific Prevent-related safeguarding panel, Channel. It is unclear what the concept of pre-criminal space adds to the Prevent programme. The term should be either clarified or removed from the Framework.
The impact of transforming care on the care and safety of patients with intellectual disabilities and forensic needs
Authors: Taylor John L. , McKinnon Iain , Thorpe Ian , Gillmer Bruce T. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryNHS England recently published a national plan to develop community services for people with intellectual disabilities and autism who display challenging behaviour by using resources from the closure of a large number of hospital beds. An ambitious timescale has been set to implement this plan. The bed closure programme is moving ahead rapidly, but there has been little progress in developing community services to support it. This paper discusses the impact of the gap between policy and practice on the care and safety of patients with intellectual disabilities and forensic needs who form a distinct subgroup of the target population and are being disproportionately affected by this government policy.
A Distributed Interior-Point KKT Solver for Multistage Stochastic Optimization
Authors: Hübner Jens , Schmidt Martin , Steinbach Marc C. 
Published: August 2017

Multistage stochastic optimization leads to NLPs over scenario trees that become extremely large when many time stages or fine discretizations of the probability space are required. Interior-point methods are well suited for these problems if the arising huge, structured KKT systems can be solved efficiently, for instance, with a large scenario tree but a moderate number of variables per node. For this setting we develop a distributed implementation based on data parallelism in a depth-first distribution of the scenario tree over the processes. Our theoretical analysis predicts very low memory and communication overheads. Detailed computational experiments confirm this prediction and demonstrate the overall performance of the algorithm. We solve multistage stochastic quadratic programs with up to 400 × 106 variables and 8.59 × 109 KKT matrix entries or 136 × 106 variables and 12.6 × 109 entries on a compute cluster with 384 GB RAM. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0748 .
The Bleeding Myth
Authors: Oliver Richard 
Published: August 2017

Myths of Dental Surgery in Patients Receiving Anticoagulant Therapy. M.J. Wahl. Journal of the American Dental Association 2000; 131: 77-81. Management of Anticoagulation in Patients with Prosthetic Heart Valves. K. Webster and J. Wilde. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2000; 38: 124-126.
Conformative, Re-organized or Unorganized?
Authors: Davies Stephen 
Published: August 2017

‘Occlusion’ is presented within the concept of the articulatory system, and guidance is given on how to avoid unplanned occlusal changes. When and how to examine the occlusion is explained, and this is expanded to cover the needs of restoring a patient to the ‘re-organized approach’. In addition, the merits of the different types of occlusal records are discussed. In order to avoid a lengthy explanation of the terminology in the text, a glossary is appended; any term that is defined in the glossary is marked by an *.
A Review of Gagging Problems in Dentistry: 1. Aetiology and Classification
Authors: Dickinson C. M. , Fiske J. 
Published: August 2017

Some people have a pronounced gag reflex that can be a severe limitation to their ability to accept dental care and the clinician's ability to provide it. It can compromise all aspects of dentistry, from diagnostic procedures to active treatment and can be distressing for all concerned. Many techniques have been described that attempt to overcome the problem. Dentists will undoubtedly see patients with gagging problems and knowledge of a variety of management strategies is necessary to aid the delivery of dental care. This first paper looks at the background to gagging problems and their classification and categorization prior to clinical treatment. The second article will look at the clinical assessment of the patient presenting for dental treatment with a history of gagging problems. It will also review methods used to manage patients with gagging reflexes during dental treatment.
Burkitt's Lymphoma: An Unusual Cause of Lip Numbness
Authors: Cascarini L. , Brown A.E. 
Published: August 2017

A 38-year-old man was referred by his dental surgeon with a painful swelling in the right mandibular sulcus and an ipsilateral numb lip. Dental infection secondary to caries was initially diagnosed but biopsy revealed this to be a Burkitt's lymphoma. After intense chemotherapy, the patient is still in remission three years later. This case is a reminder that malignancy should always be high on a clinician's list of differential diagnoses of jaw swelling associated with neurological abnormalities and prompt referral is essential.
Malignant Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: Sharma Paul R , Hargreaves Allister D 
Published: August 2017

We report the case of a 21-year-old male whose frequent episodes of loss of consciousness in the dental surgery culminated in the postponement of treatment, pending further investigation. The patient was referred to a cardiologist and submitted to head-up tilt testing, which evoked prolonged asystole, associated with loss of consciousness and mild generalized twitching, confirming a diagnosis of malignant vasovagal syncope. Before dental treatment could be completed, the patient was successfully treated with disopyramide and dual-chamber pacemaker implantation.