bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination for adolescent girls in Punjab state: Implications for India's universal immunization program
Authors: Prinja Shankar , Bahuguna Pankaj , Faujdar Dharmjeet Singh , Jyani Gaurav , Srinivasan Radhika , Ghoshal Sushmita , Suri Vanita , Singh Mini P. , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUNDIntroduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for adolescent girls is being considered in the Punjab state of India. However, evidence regarding cost‐effectiveness is sought by policy makers when making this decision. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the incremental cost per quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) gained with introduction of the HPV vaccine compared with a no‐vaccination scenario.METHODSA static progression model, using a combination of decision tree and Markov models, was populated using epidemiological, cost, coverage, and effectiveness data to determine the cost‐effectiveness of HPV vaccination. Using a societal perspective, lifetime costs and consequences (in terms of QALYs) among a cohort of 11‐year‐old adolescent girls in Punjab state were modeled in 2 alternate scenarios with and without vaccination. All costs and consequences were discounted at a rate of 3%.RESULTSAlthough immunizing 1 year's cohort of 11‐year‐old girls in Punjab state costs Indian National Rupees (INR) 135 million (US dollars [USD] 2.08 million and International dollars [Int$] 6.25 million) on an absolute basis, its net cost after accounting for treatment savings is INR 38 million (USD 0.58 million and Int$ 1.76 million). Incremental cost per QALY gained for HPV vaccination was found to be INR 73 (USD 1.12 and Int$ 3.38). Given all the data uncertainties, there is a 90% probability for the vaccination strategy to be cost‐effective in Punjab state at a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of INR 10,000, which is less than one‐tenth of the per capita gross domestic product.CONCLUSIONSHPV vaccination appears to be a very cost‐effective strategy for Punjab state, and is likely to be cost‐effective for other Indian states. Cancer 2017;123:3253‐60. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Hispanics have the lowest stem cell transplant utilization rate for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for multiple myeloma in the United States: A CIBMTR report
Authors: Schriber Jeffrey R. , Hari Parameswaran N. , Ahn Kwang Woo , Fei Mingwei , Costa Luciano J. , Kharfan‐Dabaja Mohamad A. , Angel‐Diaz Miguel , Gale Robert P. , Ganguly Siddharatha , Girnius Saulius K. , Hashmi Shahrukh , Pawarode Attaphol , Vesole David H. , Wiernik Peter H. , Wirk Baldeep M. , Marks David I. , Nishihori Taiga , Olsson Richard F. , Usmani Saad Z. , Mark Tomer M. , Nieto Yago L. , D'Souza Anita 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUNDRace/ethnicity remains an important barrier in clinical care. The authors investigated differences in the receipt of autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) among patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and outcomes based on race/ethnicity in the United States.METHODSThe Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database was used to identify 28,450 patients who underwent AHCT for MM from 2008 through 2014. By using data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries, the incidence of MM was calculated, and a stem cell transplantation utilization rate (STUR) was derived. Post‐AHCT outcomes were analyzed among patients ages 18 to 75 years who underwent melphalan‐conditioned peripheral cell grafts (N = 24,102).RESULTSThe STUR increased across all groups from 2008 to 2014. The increase was substantially lower among Hispanics (range, 8.6%‐16.9%) and non‐Hispanic blacks (range, 12.2%‐20.5%) compared with non‐Hispanic whites (range, 22.6%‐37.8%). There were 18,046 non‐Hispanic whites, 4123 non‐Hispanic blacks, and 1933 Hispanic patients. The Hispanic group was younger (P < .001). Fewer patients older than 60 years underwent transplantation among Hispanics (39%) and non‐Hispanic blacks (42%) compared with non‐Hispanic whites (56%). A Karnofsky score <90% and a hematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index score >3 were more common in non‐Hispanic blacks compared with Hispanic and non‐Hispanic whites (P < .001). More Hispanics (57%) versus non‐Hispanic blacks (54%) and non‐Hispanic whites (52%; P < .001) had stage III disease. More Hispanics (48%) versus non‐Hispanic blacks (45%) and non‐Hispanic whites (44%) had a very good partial response or better before transplantation (P = .005). Race/ethnicity did not impact post‐AHCT outcomes.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the STUR increased, it remained low and was significantly lower among Hispanics followed by non‐Hispanic blacks compared with non‐Hispanic whites. Race/ethnicity did not impact transplantation outcomes. Efforts to increase the rates of transplantation for eligible patients who have MM, with an emphasis on groups that underuse transplantation, are warranted. Cancer 2017;123:3141–9. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Implementation of Multivariable Logic Functions in Parallel by Electrically Addressing a Molecule of Three Dopants in Silicon
Authors: Fresch Barbara , Bocquel Juanita , Hiluf Dawit , Rogge Sven , Levine Raphael D. , Remacle Françoise 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo realize low‐power, compact logic circuits, one can explore parallel operation on single nanoscale devices. An added incentive is to use multivalued (as distinct from Boolean) logic. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that the computation of all the possible outputs of a multivariate, multivalued logic function can be implemented in parallel by electrical addressing of a molecule made up of three interacting dopant atoms embedded in Si. The electronic states of the dopant molecule are addressed by pulsing a gate voltage. By simulating the time evolution of the non stationary electronic density built by the gate voltage, we show that one can implement a molecular decision tree that provides in parallel all the outputs for all the inputs of the multivariate, multivalued logic function. The outputs are encoded in the populations and in the bond orders of the dopant molecule, which can be measured using an STM tip. We show that the implementation of the molecular logic tree is equivalent to a spectral function decomposition. The function that is evaluated can be field‐programmed by changing the time profile of the pulsed gate voltage.
Carbon Dioxide Adsorption on CeO2(110): An XPS and NEXAFS Study
Authors: Yang Chengwu , Bebensee Fabian , Chen Jun , Yu Xiaojuan , Nefedov Alexei , Wöll Christof 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe adsorption of CO2 on the surface of a CeO2(110) bulk single crystal was studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The high‐quality XPS and C K‐edge NEXAFS data show that CO2 adsorbs as a carbonate species on both fully oxidized CeO2(110) and partially reduced CeO2−x(110). No evidence for the formation of a carboxylate (CO2δ−) intermediate could be found. On the fully oxidized CeO2(110) substrate, the carbonate decomposes upon heating to above 400 K, leading to the desorption of CO2. The NEXAFS data reveal the presence of a minor amount of formate (or carboxylate) and bicarbonate species, which are related to reactions of CO2 with surface hydroxyl groups. In the case of reduced CeO2−x(110), the carbonate species completely disappear upon heating to temperatures above 500 K. In contrast to conclusions presented in earlier works, the oxidation state of the surface is unchanged, that is, CO2 does not re‐oxidize the reduced CeO2−x(110) surface.
Strain and particle size analysis in ion beam synthesized SiC nanoparticles using Raman scattering studies
Authors: Saravanan K. , Jayalakshmi G. , Panigrahi B. K. , Hübner René 
Published: May 2017

We study the strain and particle size analysis of ion beam synthesized SiC nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in Si matrix using Raman and low‐frequency Raman scattering (LFRS). 300 keV C+ ions with the fluence of 2 × 1017 ions/cm2 were implanted on Si substrate at three different substrate temperatures (300, 500 and 650 °C). Raman scattering analyses confirm the formation of 3C‐SiC NPs in Si matrix. Relative strain in 3C‐SiC NPs estimated from Raman scattering was found to be decreases with increase of substrate temperature. The particle size distribution of 3C‐SiC NPs was estimated from the signature of localized acoustic phonon modes observed in the low frequency region of LFRS spectra. The estimated particle size of the SiC is found to be in good agreement with the TEM analysis.
Diagnostic utility of fine‐needle aspiration cytology of lesions involving bone
Authors: Yu Gordon H. , Maisel Julia , Frank Renee , Pukenas Bryan A. , Sebro Ronnie , Weber Kristy 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is utilized in the diagnostic work‐up of bone lesions in a number of institutions, either in isolation or in conjunction with core biopsy. We report our experience with FNA of bone‐based lesions, including comparison of this approach with concurrent core biopsy specimens.MethodsRetrospective review over a 5‐year period (2011–2015) revealed 233 cases of bone FNAs.ResultsThe most commonly encountered diagnosis was malignant neoplasm (160 cases, 68.7%); within this group of malignancies, 103 cases (64.4%) represented metastatic carcinoma. Benign lesions were encountered infrequently (9 cases, 3.9%). While 37 cases (15.9%) revealed “no evidence of malignancy,” 12 cases (5.2%) showed atypical findings, 3 cases (1.3%) demonstrated inflammatory conditions, and 12 aspiration biopsies were deemed nondiagnostic (5.2%). In 202 cases, concurrent core biopsies were performed following FNA and rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE). Comparison of the FNA and core biopsy diagnoses among malignant neoplasms revealed 19 diagnostic discrepancies, including 16 cases with a false‐negative FNA (7.9% of all FNAs with concurrent core biopsy) and 3 cases with a false‐negative core biopsy (1.5% of all cases with corresponding FNA).ConclusionOur findings indicate that FNA of bone lesions is a useful diagnostic technique with high sensitivity, particularly when the cytologic findings are interpreted in conjunction with the core biopsy and pertinent clinical and radiologic findings. In addition, ROSE followed by open, dynamic communication with the performing radiologist leads to an extremely low rate of inadequate core biopsy specimens, resulting in optimal patient diagnosis and management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:608–613. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychological Well‐being Trajectories of Individuals with Dyslexia Aged 3–11 Years
Authors: Jordan Julie‐Ann , Dyer Kevin 
Published: May 2017

Dyslexia has been associated with a range of psychological well‐being issues in childhood. However, it is unclear if these difficulties stem from coping with academic struggles at school, or from other pre‐existing diagnoses that sometimes co‐occur with dyslexia. Using UK Millennium Cohort Study data (n = 7224) from 2003 to 2011, the present study compared psychological well‐being development from ages 3–11 years for children with (1) dyslexia only; (2) special educational needs excluding dyslexia; (3) comorbid dyslexia and other special educational needs; and (4) no special educational needs. Growth curve modelling results controlling for race, gender, age and family income suggested that with the exception of conduct difficulties, psychological well‐being issues related to dyslexia do not occur preschool; rather, they commence upon starting school. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Word Decoding Development during Phonics Instruction in Children at Risk for Dyslexia
Authors: Schaars Moniek M.H. , Segers Eliane , Verhoeven Ludo 
Published: May 2017

In the present study, we examined the early word decoding development of 73 children at genetic risk of dyslexia and 73 matched controls. We conducted monthly curriculum‐embedded word decoding measures during the first 5 months of phonics‐based reading instruction followed by standardized word decoding measures halfway and by the end of first grade. In kindergarten, vocabulary, phonological awareness, lexical retrieval, and verbal and visual short‐term memory were assessed. The results showed that the children at risk were less skilled in phonemic awareness in kindergarten. During the first 5 months of reading instruction, children at risk were less efficient in word decoding and the discrepancy increased over the months. In subsequent months, the discrepancy prevailed for simple words but increased for more complex words. Phonemic awareness and lexical retrieval predicted the reading development in children at risk and controls to the same extent. It is concluded that children at risk are behind their typical peers in word decoding development starting from the very beginning. Furthermore, it is concluded that the disadvantage increased during phonics instruction and that the same predictors underlie the development of word decoding in the two groups of children. © 2017 The Authors Dyslexia Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Early events in speciation: Cryptic species of Drosophila aldrichi
Authors: Castro Vargas Cynthia , Richmond Maxi Polihronakis , Ramirez Loustalot Laclette Mariana , Markow Therese Ann 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the earliest events in speciation remains a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Thus identifying species whose populations are beginning to diverge can provide useful systems to study the process of speciation. Drosophila aldrichi, a cactophilic fruit fly species with a broad distribution in North America, has long been assumed to be a single species owing to its morphological uniformity. While previous reports either of genetic divergence or reproductive isolation among different D. aldrichi strains have hinted at the existence of cryptic species, the evolutionary relationships of this species across its range have not been thoroughly investigated. Here we show that D. aldrichi actually is paraphyletic with respect to its closest relative, Drosophila wheeleri, and that divergent D. aldrichi lineages show complete hybrid male sterility when crossed. Our data support the interpretation that there are at least two species of D. aldrichi, making these flies particularly attractive for studies of speciation in an ecological and geographical context.
Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation in the therapy of cardiogenic shock (ECMO‐CS): rationale and design of the multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Ostadal Petr , Rokyta Richard , Kruger Andreas , Vondrakova Dagmar , Janotka Marek , Smíd Ondrej , Smalcova Jana , Hromadka Milan , Linhart Ales , Bělohlávek Jan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in veno‐arterial configuration represents an increasingly used method for circulatory support. ECMO in cardiogenic shock offers rapid improvement of circulatory status and significant increase in tissue perfusion. Current evidence on the use of ECMO in cardiogenic shock remains insufficient. The aim of the ECMO‐CS trial is to compare two recognized therapeutic approaches in the management of severe cardiogenic shock: early conservative therapy and early implantation of veno‐arterial ECMO on the background of standard care.MethodsEligible patients have either rapidly deteriorating or severe cardiogenic shock, defined using echocardiography, hemodynamic and metabolic criteria. Patients are randomized to the one of two arms: immediate veno‐arterial ECMO therapy or early conservative therapy. All other diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are performed as per current standard of care, including other cardiovascular interventions (i.e. percutaneous coronary intervention or cardiac surgery). Follow‐up includes visits at 30 days, 6 months and 12 months. Primary endpoint is a composite of death from any cause, resuscitated circulatory arrest, and implantation of another mechanical circulatory support device at 30 days. The sample size of 120 individuals (60 in each arm) provides 80% power to detect 50% reduction of primary endpoint, at alpha = 0.05. Patient recruitment started in October 2014.ConclusionThe results of the ECMO‐CS trial may significantly influence current practice in the management of patients with severe and rapidly deteriorating cardiogenic shock. ECMO‐CS trial registration number is NCT02301819.
Smart Design of Small Pd Nanoparticles Confined in Hollow Carbon Nanospheres with Large Center‐Radial Mesopores
Authors: Du Xin , Zhao Caixia , Li Xiaoyu , Huang Hongwei , He Junhui , Wen Yongqiang , Zhang Xueji 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Xueji Zhang from the University of Science & Technology Beijing, China. The cover image shows the smart synthesis of porous hollow carbon nanospheres containing many small Pd nanoparticles with excellent catalytic performance.
SIMONI (Smart Integrated Monitoring) as a novel bioanalytical strategy for water quality assessment: Part I–model design and effect-based trigger values
Authors: van der Oost Ron , Sileno Giulia , Suárez-Muñoz Maria , Nguyen Mai Thao , Besselink Harrie , Brouwer Abraham 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

It is virtually impossible to reliably assess water quality with target chemical analyses only. Therefore, a complementary effect-based risk assessment by bioanalyses on mixtures of bioavailable micropollutants is proposed: the Smart Integrated Monitoring (SIMONI) strategy. The goal of this strategy is to obtain more reliable information on the water quality to select optimum measures for improvement. The SIMONI strategy is 2-tiered. Tier 1 is a bioanalytical hazard identification of sites. A tier 2 ecological risk assessment is carried out only at a limited number of sites where increased hazards are detected in tier 1. Tier 2 will be customized, based on tier 1 evaluation and additional knowledge of the aquatic system. The present study focuses on the tier 1 bioanalytical hazard identification to distinguish “hot spots” of chemical pollution. First, a selection was made of relevant and cost-effective bioanalytical endpoints to cover a wide spectrum of micropollutant modes of action. Specific endpoints may indicate which classes of chemicals might cause adverse effects. Second, effect-based trigger values (EBT) were derived for these bioassays to indicate potential ecological risks. Comparison of EBT with bioassay responses should discriminate sites exhibiting different chemical hazards. Third, a model was designed to estimate the overall risks for aquatic ecosystems. The associated follow-up for risk management is a “toxicity traffic light” system: green, low hazard (no action required); orange, potential risk (further research needed); and red, high risk (mitigation measures). Thanks to cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and relevance, the SIMONI strategy has the potential to become the first bioanalytical tool to be applied in regular water quality monitoring programs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2385–2399. © 2017 SETAC
Gray Matter Abnormalities in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease: Evaluation by Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging
Authors: Kamagata Koji , Zalesky Andrew , Hatano Taku , Ueda Ryo , Di Biase Maria Angelique , Okuzumi Ayami , Shimoji Keigo , Hori Masaaki , Caeyenberghs Karen , Pantelis Christos , Hattori Nobutaka , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMapping gray matter (GM) pathology in Parkinson's disease (PD) with conventional MRI is challenging, and the need for more sensitive brain imaging techniques is essential to facilitate early diagnosis and assessment of disease severity. GM microstructure was assessed with GM‐based spatial statistics applied to diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and neurite orientation dispersion imaging (NODDI) in 30 participants with PD and 28 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. These were compared with currently used assessment methods such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), voxel‐based morphometry (VBM), and surface‐based cortical thickness analysis. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was also used to test whether subject diagnosis could be predicted based on a linear combination of regional diffusion metrics. Significant differences in GM microstructure were observed in the striatum and the frontal, temporal, limbic, and paralimbic areas in PD patients using DKI and NODDI. Significant correlations between motor deficits and GM microstructure were also noted in these areas. Traditional VBM and surface‐based cortical thickness analyses failed to detect any GM differences. LDA indicated that mean kurtosis (MK) and intra cellular volume fraction (ICVF) were the most accurate predictors of diagnostic status. In conclusion, DKI and NODDI can detect cerebral GM abnormalities in PD in a more sensitive manner when compared with conventional methods. Hence, these methods may be useful for the diagnosis of PD and assessment of motor deficits. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3704–3722, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Iron catalysis at the origin of life
Authors: Camprubi Eloi , Jordan Sean F. , Vasiliadou Rafaela , Lane Nick 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIron–sulphur proteins are ancient and drive fundamental processes in cells, notably electron transfer and CO2 fixation. Iron–sulphur minerals with equivalent structures could have played a key role in the origin of life. However, the ‘iron–sulphur world’ hypothesis has had a mixed reception, with questions raised especially about the feasibility of a pyrites‐pulled reverse Krebs cycle. Phylogenetics suggests that the earliest cells drove carbon and energy metabolism via the acetyl CoA pathway, which is also replete in Fe(Ni)S proteins. Deep differences between bacteria and archaea in this pathway obscure the ancestral state. These differences make sense if early cells depended on natural proton gradients in alkaline hydrothermal vents. If so, the acetyl CoA pathway diverged with the origins of active ion pumping, and ancestral CO2 fixation might have been equivalent to methanogens, which depend on a membrane‐bound NiFe hydrogenase, energy converting hydrogenase. This uses the proton‐motive force to reduce ferredoxin, thence CO2. The mechanism suggests that pH could modulate reduction potential at the active site of the enzyme, facilitating the difficult reduction of CO2 by H2. This mechanism could be generalised under abiotic conditions so that steep pH differences across semi‐conducting Fe(Ni)S barriers drives not just the first steps of CO2 fixation to C1 and C2 organics such as CO, CH3SH and CH3COSH, but a series of similar carbonylation and hydrogenation reactions to form longer chain carboxylic acids such as pyruvate, oxaloacetate and α‐ketoglutarate, as in the incomplete reverse Krebs cycle found in methanogens. We suggest that the closure of a complete reverse Krebs cycle, by regenerating acetyl CoA directly, displaced the acetyl CoA pathway from many modern groups. A later reliance on acetyl CoA and ATP eliminated the need for the proton‐motive force to drive most steps of the reverse Krebs cycle. © 2017 The Authors IUBMB Life published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 69(6):373–381, 2017