bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Antigen Density on the Binding Mechanism of IgG Antibodies
Authors: Hadzhieva Maya , Pashov Anastas D. , Kaveri Srinivas , Lacroix-Desmazes Sébastien , Mouquet Hugo , Dimitrov Jordan D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe density and distribution pattern of epitopes at the surface of pathogens have a profound impact on immune responses. Although multiple lines of evidence highlight the significance of antigen surface density for antibody binding, a quantitative description of its effect on recognition mechanisms is missing. Here, we analyzed binding kinetics and thermodynamics of six HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies as a function of the surface density of envelope glycoprotein gp120. Antibodies that recognize gp120 with low to moderate binding affinity displayed the most pronounced sensitivity to variation in antigen density, with qualitative and substantial quantitative changes in the energetics of the binding process as revealed by non-equilibrium and equilibrium thermodynamic analyses. In contrast, the recognition of gp120 by the antibodies with the highest affinity was considerably less influenced by variations in antigen density. These data suggest that a lower affinity of antibodies permits higher dynamics during the antigen recognition process, which may have considerable functional repercussions. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of antigen recognition by antibodies. They are also of importance for apprehending the impact of antigen topology on immune-defense functions of antibodies.
The cellular and circuit basis for evolutionary change in sensory perception in mormyrid fishes
Authors: Vélez Alejandro , Kohashi Tsunehiko , Lu Anan , Carlson Bruce A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSpecies differences in perception have been linked to divergence in gross neuroanatomical features of sensory pathways. The anatomical and physiological basis of evolutionary change in sensory processing at cellular and circuit levels, however, is poorly understood. Here, we show how specific changes to a sensory microcircuit are associated with the evolution of a novel perceptual ability. In mormyrid fishes, the ability to detect variation in electric communication signals is correlated with an enlargement of the midbrain exterolateral nucleus (EL), and a differentiation into separate anterior (ELa) and posterior (ELp) regions. We show that the same cell types and connectivity are found in both EL and ELa/ELp. The evolution of ELa/ELp, and the concomitant ability to detect signal variation, is associated with a lengthening of incoming hindbrain axons to form delay lines, allowing for fine temporal analysis of signals. The enlargement of this brain region is also likely due to an overall increase in cell numbers, which would allow for processing of a wider range of timing information.
Strong sub-seasonal wintertime cooling over East Asia and Northern Europe associated with super El Niño events
Authors: Geng Xin , Zhang Wenjun , Stuecker Malte F. , Jin Fei-Fei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEast Asia experienced a record-breaking cold event during the 2015/16 boreal winter, with pronounced impacts on livelihood in the region. We find that this large-scale cold spell can be attributed to the concurrent super El Niño event in the tropical Pacific. Our analysis reveals that all super El Niño winters (1982/83, 1997/98, and 2015/16) were accompanied by a rapid sub-seasonal North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)/Arctic Oscillation (AO) phase reversal from a positive to a negative state during early January, which was largely caused by the interaction of these super El Niño events with the subtropical jet annual cycle. The NAO/AO phase transition leads to a rapidly strengthened Siberian High, which favors southward intrusions of cold air to East Asia and thus causes severe local cooling. Similar cold spells can also be detected over Northern Europe associated with the fast sub-seasonal NAO/AO phase reversal. Due to the weaker amplitude of the ENSO forcing, these sub-seasonal atmospheric responses cannot be detected for moderate El Niño events. The super El Niño associated sub-seasonal signal of the East Asian and Northern Europe wintertime temperature responses carries important implications for future predictability of regional extreme events.
Neurofeedback learning modifies the incidence rate of alpha spindles, but not their duration and amplitude
Authors: Ossadtchi Alexei , Shamaeva Tatiana , Okorokova Elizaveta , Moiseeva Victoria , Lebedev Mikhail A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlthough the first experiments on alpha-neurofeedback date back nearly six decades ago, when Joseph Kamiya reported successful operant conditioning of alpha-rhythm in humans, the effectiveness of this paradigm in various experimental and clinical settings is still a matter of debate. Here, we investigated the changes in EEG patterns during a continuously administered neurofeedback of P4 alpha activity. Two days of neurofeedback training were sufficient for a significant increase in the alpha power to occur. A detailed analysis of these EEG changes showed that the alpha power rose because of an increase in the incidence rate of alpha episodes, whereas the amplitude and the duration of alpha oscillations remained unchanged. These findings suggest that neurofeedback facilitates volitional control of alpha activity onset, but alpha episodes themselves appear to be maintained automatically with no volitional control – a property overlooked by previous studies that employed continuous alpha-power neurofeedback. We propose that future research on alpha neurofeedback should explore reinforcement schedules based on detection of onsets and offsets of alpha waves, and employ these statistics for exploration and quantification of neurofeedback induced effects.
Changes in pore structure of coal caused by coal-to-gas bioconversion
Authors: Zhang Rui , Liu Shimin , Bahadur Jitendra , Elsworth Derek , Wang Yi , Hu Guanglong , Liang Yanna 
Published: June 2017

AbstarctMicrobial enhanced coalbed methane (ME-CBM) recovery is critically examined as a viable technology for natural gas recovery from coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs. Since the majority of gas-in-place (GIP) is stored as an adsorbed phase in fine pores of coal matrix, the nano-pore structure directly influences gas storage and transport properties. Only limited studies have quantified the alteration of the nano-pore structure due to ME-CBM treatment. This study examines the evolution of the pore structure using a combination of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), low-pressure N2 and CO2 adsorption (LPGA) and high-pressure methane adsorption methods. The results show that the surface fractal dimension decreases for the two bioconverted coals compared to the untreated coal. After bio-treatment, the mesopore surface area and pore volume decrease with the average pore diameter increases, while the micropore surface area increases with pore volume decreases. Both inaccessible meso-/micropore size distributions decrease after bioconversion, while the accessible micropore size distribution increases, making a portion of closed micropore network accessible. In addition, the methane adsorption capacities increase after bio-treatment, which is confirmed by the increase of micropore surface area. A conceptual physical model of methanogenesis is proposed based on the evolution of the pore structure.
Integrating genome and transcriptome profiling for elucidating the mechanism of muscle growth and lipid deposition in Pekin ducks
Authors: Wang Liyuan , Li Xiangxiang , Ma Jun , Zhang Yawen , Zhang Hao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMuscle growth and lipid deposition are co-ordinately regulated processes. Cherry Valley Pekin duck is a lean-type duck breed with high growth rate, whereas the native Pekin duck of China has high lipid deposition. Phenotypic analysis showed that native Pekin ducks have smaller fibre diameter and larger density in the breast muscle at 3 weeks of age and higher intramuscular fat content at 6 weeks of age than those in Cherry Valley Pekin ducks. We detected 17 positively selected genes (PSGs) by comparing genes mainly involved with muscle organ development, muscle contraction, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signalling pathway, and fatty acid metabolism. In all, 52 and 206 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in transcriptomic comparisons between the two breeds at 3 and 6 weeks of age, respectively, which could potentially affect muscle growth and lipid deposition. Based on the integration of PSGs and DEGs and their functional annotations, we found that 11 and 10 genes were correlated with muscle growth and lipid deposition, respectively. Identification of candidate genes controlling quantitative traits of duck muscle might aid in elucidating the mechanisms of muscle growth and lipid deposition and could help in improving duck breeding.
The Effect of shape on Cellular Uptake of Gold Nanoparticles in the forms of Stars, Rods, and Triangles
Authors: Xie Xueping , Liao Jinfeng , Shao Xiaoru , Li Qianshun , Lin Yunfeng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGold nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest as vehicles for intracellular drug delivery. In our study, we synthesized three different shapes of methylpolyethylene glycol coated-anisotropic gold nanoparticles: stars, rods, and triangles. The cellular internalization of these nanoparticles by RAW264.7 cells was analyzed, providing a parametric evaluation of the effect of shape. The efficiency of cellular uptake of the gold nanoparticles was found to rank in the following order from lowest to highest: stars, rods, and triangles. The possible mechanisms of cellular uptake for the three types of gold nanoparticles were examined, and it was found that different shapes tended to use the various endocytosis pathways in different proportions. Our study, which has demonstrated that shape can modulate the uptake of nanoparticles into RAW264.7 cells and that triangles were the shape with the most efficient cellular uptake, provides useful guidance toward the design of nanomaterials for drug delivery.
Electronic Band Alignment at Complex Oxide Interfaces Measured by Scanning Photocurrent Microscopy
Authors: Yoon J. H. , Jung H. J. , Hong J. T. , Park Ji-Yong , Lee Soonil , Lee S. W. , Ahn Y. H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe band alignment at an Al2O3/SrTiO3 heterointerface forming a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) was investigated using scanning photocurrent microscopy (SPCM) in an electrolyte-gated environment. We used a focused UV laser source for above-the-bandgap illumination on the SrTiO3 layer, creating electron-hole pairs that contributed to the photocurrent through migration towards the metal electrodes. The polarity of the SPCM signals of a bare SrTiO3 device shows typical p-type behavior at zero gate bias, in which the photogenerated electrons are collected by the electrodes. In contrast, the SPCM polarity of 2DEG device indicates that the hole carriers were collected by the metal electrodes. Careful transport measurements revealed that the gate-dependent conductance of the 2DEG devices exhibits n-type switching behavior. More importantly, the SPCM signals in 2DEG devices demonstrated very unique gate-responses that cannot be found in conventional semiconducting devices, based on which we were able to perform detailed investigation into the electronic band alignment of the 2DEG devices and obtain the valence band offset at the heterointerface.
Superior lattice thermal conductance of single-layer borophene
Authors: Zhou Hangbo , Cai Yongqing , Zhang Gang , Zhang Yong-Wei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBy way of the non-equilibrium Green’s function simulations and first-principles calculations, we report that borophene, a single layer of boron atoms that was fabricated recently, possesses an extraordinarily high lattice thermal conductance in the ballistic transport regime, which even exceeds graphene. In addition to the obvious reasons of light mass and strong bonding of boron atoms, the superior thermal conductance is mainly rooted in its strong structural anisotropy and unusual phonon transmission. For low-frequency phonons, the phonon transmission within borophene is nearly isotropic, similar to that of graphene. For high-frequency phonons, however, the transmission is one-dimensional, that is, all the phonons travel in one direction, giving rise to its ultra-high thermal conductance. The present study suggests that borophene is promising for applications in efficient heat dissipation and thermal management, and also an ideal material for revealing fundamentals of dimensionality effect on phonon transport in ballistic regime.
Effect of Single-Use, Laser-Cut, Slow-Flow Nipples on Respiration and Milk Ingestion in Preterm Infants
Authors: McGrattan Katlyn E. , McFarland David H. , Dean Jesse C. , Hill Elizabeth , White David R. , Martin-Harris Bonnie 
Published: June 2017

PurposeSingle-use, laser-cut, slow-flow nipples were evaluated for their effect on respiration and milk ingestion in 13 healthy preterm infants (32.7–37.1 weeks postmenstrual age) under nonlaboratory, clinical conditions.MethodThe primary outcomes of minute ventilation and overall milk transfer were measured by using integrated nasal airflow and volume-calibrated bottles during suck bursts and suck burst breaks during slow-flow and standard-flow nipple bottle feedings. Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests were used to test the effect of nipple type on both outcomes.ResultsPrefeeding minute ventilation decreased significantly during suck bursts and returned to baseline values during suck burst breaks across both slow-flow and standard-flow nipples. No differences were found in minute ventilation (p> .40) or overall milk transfer (p= .58) between slow-flow and standard-flow nipples.ConclusionsThe lack of difference in primary outcomes between the single-use slow-flow and standard-flow nipples may reflect variability in nipple properties among nipples produced by the same manufacturer. Future investigations examining the effect of both single-use and reusable nipple products are warranted to better guide nipple selection during clinical care.
Optimal power consumption control of sensor node based on (N, D)-policy discrete-time queues
Authors: Liu Renbin , Alfa Attahiru Sule , Yu Miaomiao 
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we consider two types of power consumption control policies for the long lifetime of wireless sensor node based on the discrete-time Geo/G/1 queue. One is the max(N, D)-policy, which triggers transmission mode of radio server when the N and D policies are met simultaneously, and another is the min (N, D)-policy, which restarts transmission function of radio server when either of the N and D policies is first satisfied. Under two control policies, the steady-state queueing analysis of sensor node is mathematically carried out. The mean queueing measures of sensor node, such as the mean number of data packets, mean transmission time backlog, mean waiting time, mean busy period, mean busy cycle period, and so on, are derived. Two power consumption functions are constructed through the queueing measures obtained. Numerical experiments validate that two policies are feasible and efficient for power consumption control of sensor node. At a minimum power consumption, the superiority of the N-policy, D-policy, and two dyadic (N, D) policies is numerically compared. Some practical insights on the operation of two (N, D) polices in power consumption control of sensor node are obtained.
Nationaler Diabetesplan
Authors: Kulzer B. , Reuter H.-M. 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland gibt es, wie auch in vielen anderen Ländern, eine kontinuierliche
Zunahme von Menschen mit Diabetes. Bereits heute beläuft sich die Zahl der
Menschen mit Diabetes auf über 7 Millionen Menschen. Jährlich erkranken ca.
270000 Menschen neu. Die Zahl der Personen mit einem undiagnostizierten Diabetes
wird auf 2 bis 3 Millionen geschätzt. Angesichts dieser großen Zahl von
Menschen, die bereits an Diabetes erkrankt sind oder künftig daran erkranken
werden, sowie der bisher fehlenden Möglichkeit, den Diabetes zu heilen, werden
von der UNO, der EU und maßgeblichen diabetologischen Verbände und
Patientenorganisationen aus Deutschland die Entwicklung eines „Nationalen
Diabetesplans“ gefordert. Damit sollen strukturierte Vorschläge erarbeitet
werden, wie die Prävention, Therapie, Versorgung und Forschung des Diabetes
verbessert werden kann. Wichtige Handlungsfelder eines Nationalen Diabetesplans
sind die Themen „Primäre Prävention“, „Früherkennung des Typ 2 Diabetes“,
“Epidemiologie, Diabetesregister“, „Versorgungsforschung, Versorgungsstrukturen,
Qualitätssicherung“ sowie „Patienteninformation, Patientenschulung und
Empowerment“.
Vertiefung - Konservative Therapie für Sportler mit Knorpelschaden
Authors: Wondrasch Barbara , Aldrian Silke 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Norwegisches Triple Wie Patienten mit Knorpelschäden im Kniegelenk nach einem
dreimonatigen Rehabilitationsprogramm den Alltag wieder problemlos meistern konnten,
untersuchte Barbara Wondrasch gemeinsam mit einer norwegischen Arbeitsgruppe in der Oslo
CARE Study. Für die Sportphysio stellt sie den Rehabilitationsprozess vor. Das Akronym
CARE steht für Cartilage active Rehabilitation and Education.
Erstversorgung am Spielfeldrand (Teil 1)
Authors: Kautz Axel , Sieven Rainer 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
First Aid Was tun, wenn zwei Fußballspieler beim Köpfen zusammenstoßen und der
eine bewusstlos am Boden liegen bleibt oder im Handballtraining eine Spielerin plötzlich
stark aus der Nase blutet? Im Falle einer Verletzung wird der Sportphysiotherapeut zum
Ersthelfer, der die notwendigen Maßnahmen einleitet, bis der Arzt vor Ort ist. Dabei ist
der korrekte Umgang mit den Materialien aus dem Betreuerkoffer enorm wichtig und sollte
regelmäßig geübt werden.
Das Kollektiv
Authors: Bleher Christian 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Sie sind das Team hinter dem Team Drei Physiotherapeuten arbeiten an Bändern, Sehnen,
Muskeln und Gewebe der schwarz-gelben Erfolgsmaschine. Zu Saisonbeginn empfingen sie
„Sportphysio“ zwischen zwei Trainingseinheiten und gaben Einblicke in ihr Handwerk.
Zielorientierung von muskuloskeletal betroffenen Patienten als motivationsfördernde Maßnahme zur Verbesserung des ambulanten Therapieerfolgs
Authors: Baier J. , Rucker A.M.L. , Landenberger M. 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Wichtigkeit einer erhöhten Therapiemotivation für den Therapieerfolg wurde schon mehrfach bestätigt. Als motivationsunterstützende Maßnahme bietet sich die Zielorientierung der Patienten an.
Ziel: Das Ziel bestand in der Überprüfung der Überlegenheit einer gemeinsamen Zielvereinbarung zwischen Patienten und behandelnden Physiotherapeuten einschließlich regelmäßiger Erfolgskontrollen hinsichtlich des Therapieerfolgs gegenüber einer Standardtherapie ohne spezielle Zielorientierung.
Methode: Die Wirksamkeit der Zielorientierung wurde über eine multizentrisch durchgeführte Kontrollstudie im Nonequivalent Control Group Design überprüft. Die Studienpopulation umfasste in 2 Gruppen aufgeteilte 128 ambulant behandelte Patienten mit muskuloskeletalen Beschwerden an der unteren Extremität. Die Kontrollgruppe (KG) lieferte die Referenzwerte für den Vergleich mit der Interventionsgruppe (IG). Die IG erhielt in der 1. Behandlungseinheit ein Gespräch zur Zielorientierung. Die vereinbarten Therapieziele wurden nach den SMART-Regeln schriftlich festgehalten und einmal wöchentlich hinsichtlich der erzielten Fortschritte überprüft. Primäres Outcome war die Leistungsfähigkeit beim Treppensteigen mittels des Stair Climb Power Test (SCPT). Sekundäre Endpunkte waren die Schmerzlinderung und die Verbesserung der Gelenkbeweglichkeit. Nicht eingehaltene Behandlungstermine ließen einen Rückschluss auf die Motivationslage des Patienten im Sinne der Adhärenz zu.
Ergebnisse: Beide Gruppen verbesserten bis Behandlungsabschluss ihre Eingangswerte. Im primären Outcome (SCPT) zeigte sich zwar ein deutlicher, jedoch statistisch nicht signifikanter Interventionsvorteil. Die Chance auf eine klinisch relevante Schmerzlinderung war in der IG 2,5-fach höher, der Gewinn zugunsten ihrer Gelenkmobilität signifikant höher. Aufgrund der annähernd gleichen Termintreue bestätigte sich eine Aktivierung der Therapiemotivation nicht.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Studie weist auf ein Verbesserungspotenzial von physiotherapeutischen Behandlungsergebnissen für ambulant behandelte Patienten mit Störungen am Bewegungsapparat hin, wenn diese aktiv in die Zielplanung eingebunden werden. Allerdings ergab sich kein Nachweis für eine durch die Intervention aktivierte Therapiemotivation. Die gute Akzeptanz der Therapeuten bestätigt das Konzept als praktikable und wenig zeitintensive Maßnahme.
Prevention of Colorectal Neoplasia
Authors: Dolejs Scott , Gayed Benjamin , Fajardo Alyssa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are well-established screening protocols involving fecal testing, radiographic, and endoscopic evaluations that have led to decreased incidence and mortality of CRC in the United States. In addition to screening for CRC, there is interest in preventing colorectal neoplasia by targeting the signaling pathways that have been identified in the pathway of dysplasia progressing to carcinoma. This review will detail the efficacy of multiple potential preventative strategies including lifestyle changes (physical activity, alcohol use, smoking cessation, and obesity); dietary factors (dietary patterns, calcium, vitamin D, fiber, folate, and antioxidants and micronutrients); and chemopreventive agents (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, metformin, bisphosphonates, and postmenopausal hormonal therapy).
Genetic Testing for Polyposis Syndromes
Authors: Pyrtel Khateriaa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractColorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in the United States with up to 3% of cases being attributable to a hereditary polyposis syndrome. Established diagnostic and/or testing criteria exist for many of the recognized polyposis syndromes and are an important tool in guiding physicians in the identification of individuals who may benefit from referral to a cancer genetics service for hereditary cancer risk assessment. A formal hereditary cancer risk assessment supports fulfillment of obligations for standard of care, as well as minimizes the negative outcomes that may occur in the absence of informed consent for genetic testing. The implications of a diagnosis may extend beyond the individual patient to include at-risk relatives, and as such, much emphasis should be placed on identifying the most informative individual in a family in which to initiate testing. Advances in our understanding of genes associated with hereditary polyposis and the increasing use of testing that relies on next-generation sequencing technologies may lead to the increased likelihood of a genetic diagnosis; however, in those individuals without a genetic diagnosis whose histories remain concerning for hereditary polyposis, knowledge of family history may inform strategies for early detection and prevention.
Serrated Polyps and Serrated Polyposis Syndrome
Authors: Ashburn Jean , Plesec Thomas , Kalady Matthew 
Published: June 2017

AbstractColorectal serrated polyps are intermediate lesions in the serrated neoplastic pathway, which account for up to 30% of colorectal cancers. This pathway is biologically distinct from the adenoma-to-carcinoma sequence, with associated cancers exhibiting mutations in the BRAF oncogene, DNA promoter hypermethylation, and microsatellite instability. An evolving understanding of these unique lesions has led to the development of a more accurate classification, improved endoscopic identification, and tailored clinical management guidelines. This article reviews serrated polyps and serrated polyposis syndrome.