bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antipsychotic treatment effects on cardiovascular, cancer, infection, and intentional self-harm as cause of death in patients with Alzheimer's dementia
Authors: Nielsen R.-E. , Lolk A. , Rodrigo-Domingo M. , Valentin J.-B. , Andersen K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD), the most common disease causing dementia, is linked to increased mortality. However, the effect of antipsychotic use on specific causes of mortality has not yet been investigated thoroughly.MethodsUtilizing the Danish nationwide registers, we defined a cohort of patients diagnosed with AD. Utilizing separate Cox regressions for specific causes of mortality, we investigated the effects of cumulative antipsychotic dosage after diagnosis and current antipsychotic exposure in the time period 2000–2011.ResultsIn total, 45,894 patients were followed for 3,803,996 person-years. A total of 6129 cardiovascular related deaths, 2088 cancer related deaths, 1620 infection related deaths, and 28 intentional self-harm related deaths are presented. Current antipsychotic exposure increased mortality rate with HR between 1.92 and 2.31 for cardiovascular, cancer, and infection related death. Cumulative antipsychotic dosages were most commonly associated with increased rates of mortality for cardiovascular and infection as cause of death, whereas the associations were less clear with cancer and intentional self-harm as cause of death.ConclusionsWe showed that cumulative antipsychotic drug dosages increased mortality rates for cardiovascular and infection as cause of death. These findings highlight the need for further investigations of long-term effects of treatment and of possible sub-groups who could benefit from treatment.
Inside directors, risk aversion, and firm performance
Authors: Upadhyay Arun D. , Bhargava Rahul , Faircloth Sheri , Zeng Hongchao 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPrior literature provides mixed evidence on managerial risk aversion. Using a sample of 1737 large US firms from 1996 to 2005, we find a negative association between the insider ratio and firm risk. Upon further analysis, we show that firms with a greater insider ratio are also likely to have more conservative CEO compensation and investment policies. Analysis of CEO compensation policies indicates that firms with a greater insider ratio offer lower equity based compensation, lower vega and lower total compensation to their CEOs. Also, firms with a greater insider ratio tend to invest more in tangible assets such as plant and equipment and have lower intangible investments. Consistent with these boards instituting conservative policies, we find that firms with a greater insider ratio perform better when they operate in highly volatile environments. Overall, this study suggests that high‐insider boards are more conservative in policy initiation and that such boards are valuable in firms with greater operating uncertainties.
Seismic image enhancement of mud volcano bearing complex structure by the CDS method, a case study in SE of the Caspian Sea shoreline
Authors: Soleimani M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Improving seismic image quality in complex geological structures remains a challenge in seismic imaging. In complex media, imaging of geological structures such as the boundary of salt diapirs, faults, folding systems, overthrust zones, and unconformities are controversial and challenging tasks. Therefore, new imaging methods such as full waveform inversion, path-integral seismic imaging, reverse time migration, and the optimized common reflection surface stack methods were introduced to face these challenges. The common reflection surface stack method was used frequently to resolve some of the problems in complex structure seismic imaging. However, besides its great advantage in enhancing the quality of seismic section, it faces a problem with conflicting dips. The common reflection surface stack operator is an approximation of the reflection response of a curved interface in an inhomogeneous medium. In this study, a new strategy in the common reflection surface stack is introduced, which completely resolves the problem of conflicting dips in complex structures. Compared to the common reflection surface stack, the new stacking operator is the approximation of diffraction response of a diffraction point in depth. The kinematic wavefield attributes are defined for that diffraction point, whereas curvature of the interface is not fully considered. In the introduced strategy, there would be a stacking operator for each diffraction ray from the diffractor to the surface. Thus, the new operator gathers more energy that might get lost in imaging due to simplified operator in the other methods. The new method was applied to seismic data from a complex geological mud volcano bearing structure from south east of the Caspian Sea shoreline. This area includes numerous mud volcanoes which act as indicators of gas reservoirs. As a natural phenomenon, mud absorbs the seismic energy and deteriorates the quality of the final seismic section. Therefore, obtaining accurate image of the subsurface structures here, in the boundary portion of the mud volcano, is questionable. To overcome this problem, the new method was used to obtain a stacked section with all the possible diffraction energies. Subsequently, the stacked section underwent post stack depth migration. The final depth image proves the advantage of the new stacking operator for imaging in complex structures. Finally it could be concluded that this method could be used for imaging structures with sharp reflector truncations such as faults, diapirs, and unconformities.
Petrogenesis of dunites of the Guli ultrabasic massif (northern Siberian Platform)
Authors: Simonov V.A. , Vasil’ev Yu. R. , Stupakov S.I. , Kotlyarov A.V. , Karmanov N.S. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
New data on silicate melt inclusions in accessory Cr-spinel have given an insight into the physicochemical conditions of petrogenesis of dunites of the Guli massif (northern Siberian Platform). Studies of the inclusions demonstrate the contribution of high-Mg (16-22 wt.% MgO) alkali-picritic and picrobasaltic melts to the crystallization of these ultrabasic rocks. During the intrachamber crystallization of the Guli massif dunites, the composition of magmatic systems evolved from picrite–meimechite (with olivine forming at 1500–1380 °C and Cr-spinel forming at 1420–1360 °C) to picrobasalt. Comparison with well-known associations of ultrabasic igneous rocks has shown that melt inclusions in Cr-spinel from the Guli massif dunites are similar to inclusions in olivine phenocrysts from meimechites in the contents of most petrochemical components and in the distribution of indicator trace and rare-earth elements. In general, the new information on melt inclusions testifies that the Guli massif dunites formed with the participation of high-temperature high-Mg melts similar in composition to meimechite magmas.
Electron probe determination of trace elements in olivine: thermometry of depleted peridotites
Authors: Korolyuk V.N. , Pokhilenko L.N. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
A method for calculation of the maximum permissible (for thermometry) error of analyte determination by trace elements is presented based on the example of the De Hoog–Gall Al-in-olivine thermometer. Analytical conditions ensuring an acceptable analytical error have been established, and the possibility to reach them has been estimated. A technique of JEOL JXA-8100 analysis of olivines for trace elements has been elaborated: Accelerating voltage is 20 kV, probe current is 400 nA, and counting time per line and background measurement is 10 s. The number of measurements per analysis is 25. Metrological characteristics of determination of Na2O, Al2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, and MnO have been calculated. Their detection limit (with confidence probability of 0.842) does not exceed 9 ppm. For an error of 10 rel.%, the quantitation limit of these oxides is within 45–100 ppm. Compositional peculiarities of olivines from depleted megacrystalline peridotites of the Udachnaya pipe have been revealed. The content of Mn significantly decreases with Mg# increase. The contents of Na, Al, Ca, and Cr show a strong mutual positive correlation. It is shown that electron probe microanalysis can provide an error sufficient for evaluating temperature by trace elements. The results of temperature determination by the Al-in-olivine thermometer agree with the thermometry data by H. O’Neil and B. Wood and differ considerably from the lower values estimated by D. Canil and C. Ryan with Ni thermometers.
VIRTUOUS INSIGHTFULNESS
Authors: Carter J. Adam 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInsight often strikes us blind; when we aren't expecting it, we suddenly see a connection that previously eluded us – a kind of Aha! experience. People with a propensity to such experiences are regarded as insightful, and insightfulness is a paradigmatic intellectual virtue. What's not clear, however, is just what it is in virtue of which being such that these experiences tend to happen to one renders one intellectually virtuous. This paper draws from both virtue epistemology as well as empirical work on the psychology of problem solving and creativity to make some inroads in accounting for insightfulness as an intellectual virtue. Important to the view advanced is that virtuously insightful individuals manifest certain skills which both cultivate insight experiences (even if not by directly bringing them about) and enable such individuals to move in an epistemically responsible way from insight experience to epistemic endorsement.
A multimodality approach to sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: a single institute experience
Authors: Bhasker S , Mallick S , Benson R , Bhanuprasad V , Sharma A , Thakar A 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground:Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma is a rare aggressive tumour arising from the Schneiderian epithelium lining the sinonasal tract. Although considered the cornerstone of therapy, surgical resection can only be performed in a limited number of patients. This report describes the experience of treating sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma with a multimodality approach.Method:The treatment charts of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma patients treated at a tertiary care centre from 2004 to 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.Results:A total of 16 sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma patients with a median age at diagnosis of 47.5 years (range 8–65 years) were included: 19 per cent had neck nodal metastasis at presentation. Four patients (25 per cent) underwent surgery: of these, two had post-operative radiotherapy, one had pre-operative radiotherapy and one had adjuvant chemotherapy alone. Six patients (38 per cent) received definitive radiotherapy: five had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy to reduce tumour size and help in radiotherapy planning, while four (25 per cent) received palliative radiotherapy. The median follow up was 10.4 months (range 1–42.5 months). The estimated median progression-free survival time was 29.3 months. One- and three-year progression-free survival rates were 77 per cent and 41 per cent, respectively.Conclusion:Surgery is the best treatment option for sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, although most patients require post-operative radiotherapy for advanced disease and close tumour margins. Definitive radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy may be suitable for patients with inoperable locally advanced disease. Elective nodal irradiation to address the high nodal involvement rates should be considered to improve the survival rate.
High rates of infection by blood parasites during the nestling phase in UK Columbids with notes on ecological associations
Authors: DUNN JENNY C. , STOCKDALE JENNIFER E. , BRADFORD EMMA L. , MCCUBBIN ALEXANDRA , MORRIS ANTONY J. , GRICE PHILIP V. , GOODMAN SIMON J. , HAMER KEITH C. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYStudies of blood parasite infection in nestling birds rarely find a high prevalence of infection. This is likely due to a combination of short nestling periods (limiting the age at which nestlings can be sampled) and long parasite prepatent periods before gametocytes can be detected in peripheral blood. Here we examine rates of blood parasite infection in nestlings from three Columbid species in the UK. We use this system to address two key hypotheses in the epidemiology of avian haemoparasites: first, that nestlings in open nests have a higher prevalence of infection; and second, that nestlings sampled at 14 days old have a higher apparent infection rate than those sampled at 7 days old. Open-nesting individuals had a 54% infection rate compared with 25% for box-nesters, probably due to an increased exposure of open-nesting species to dipteran vectors. Nestlings sampled at 14 days had a 68% infection rate compared with 32% in nestlings sampled at 7 days, suggesting that rates of infection in the nest are high. Further work should examine nestlings post-fledging to identify rates of successful parasite infection (as opposed to abortive development within a dead-end host) as well as impacts on host post-fledging survival and behaviour.
Molecular cloning, characterization and antigenicity ofBabesiasp. BQ1 (Lintan) (Babesiacf.motasi) apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1)
Authors: NIU QINGLI , LIU ZHIJIE , YANG JIFEI , GUAN GUIQUAN , PAN YUPING , LUO JIANXUN , YIN HONG 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYApical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) has been described as a potential vaccine candidate in apicomplexan parasites. Here we characterize theama-1gene. The full-lengthama-1gene ofBabesiasp. BQ1 (Lintan) (BLTAMA-1) is 1785 bp, which contains an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 65-kDa protein of 594 amino acid residues; by definition, the 5′ UTR precedes the first methionine of the ORF. Phylogenetic analysis based on AMA-1 amino acid sequences clearly separated Piroplasmida from other Apicomplexa parasites. TheBabesiasp. BQ1 (Lintan) AMA-1 sequence is most closely associated with that ofB. ovataandB. bigemina, with high bootstrap value. A recombinant protein encoding a conserved region and containing ectodomains I and II of BLTAMA-1 was constructed. BLTrAMA-1-DI/DII proteins were tested for reactivity with sera from sheep infected byBabesiasp. BQ1 (Lintan). In Western-blot analysis, nativeBabesiasp. BQ1 (Lintan) AMA-1 proteins were recognized by antibodies raised in rabbits against BLTrAMA-1in vitro. The results of this study are discussed in terms of gene characterization, taxonomy and antigenicity.
Newsround
Authors: Smith David Michael 
Published: December 2016

Returning for its third year, the Newsround section offers a platform for new data which do not appear within the specialist contributions of this year's Archaeological Reports, but which nevertheless warrant emphasis, either as a result of their particular characteristics or for the contribution they make to broader archaeological narratives.This section is not intended to be exhaustive, but is designed, rather, to highlight recent discoveries in a way which complements digital content made available through AGOnline. The very varied nature of this material has meant that, for the most part, it has proven preferable to organize this section chronologically, although dedicated sections are provided for the inclusion of both marine archaeology and archaeological survey.
Habitation in the region of Mount Ossa during the Early Byzantine period
Authors: Sdrolia Stavroula 
Published: December 2016

Archaeological works undertaken in the last decade – excavation, survey and conservation – prompted by major public works, combined with synthetic studies, have enhanced our knowledge of Thessaly in the Byzantine period. Key areas where our understanding has increased significantly include urban and rural fortifications, the Late Antique phases of occupation in Larisa and the harbour at Phthiotic Thebes (modern Nea Anchialos), religious and secular architecture, rural villas, industrial installations and the monastic community on Mount Ossa (‘Mountain of the Cells’).This paper focuses on the region of Mount Ossa (later Kissavos), where the data resulting from recent investigations have revealed a vibrant Late Antique phase, characterized by dense habitation on the slopes of the mountain (Map 9).
A stochastic model for MRSA transmission within a hospital ward incorporating environmental contamination
Authors: LEE X. J. , FULFORD G. R. , PETTITT A. N. , RUGGERI F. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission in hospital wards is associated with adverse outcomes for patients and increased costs for hospitals. The transmission process is inherently stochastic and the randomness emphasized by the small population sizes involved. As such, a stochastic model was proposed to describe the MRSA transmission process, taking into account the related contribution and modelling of the associated microbiological environmental contamination. The model was used to evaluate the performance of five common interventions and their combinations on six potential outcome measures of interest under two hypothetical disease burden settings. The model showed that the optimal intervention combination varied depending on the outcome measure and burden setting. In particular, it was found that certain outcomes only required a small subset of targeted interventions to control the outcome measure, while other outcomes still reported reduction in the outcome distribution with up to all five interventions included. This study describes a new stochastic model for MRSA transmission within a ward and highlights the use of the generalized Mann–Whitney statistic to compare the distribution of the outcome measures under different intervention combinations to assist in planning future interventions in hospital wards under different potential outcome measures and disease burden.
How do seed and seedling traits influence germination and emergence parameters in crop species? A comparative analysis
Authors: Gardarin Antoine , Coste Françoise , Wagner Marie-Hélène , Dürr Carolyne 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEarly plant establishment through seed germination and seedling emergence is a crucial process that determines seedling number, emergence time distribution and the early growth of seedlings, all of which are affected by soil climate and soil structure. In the current context of climate change, in which increasing the diversity of cultivated species is considered desirable, and new tillage practices are considerably modifying top-soil surface characteristics, we need to improve our ability to model the effects of the environment on plant establishment. Using a trait-based and model-based framework, we aimed to identify general relationships between seed and seedling traits (e.g. seed mass and lipid content, seedling diameter, base temperature) and germination and emergence model parameters (e.g. time to mid-germination, shoot elongation rate) measured for 18 genotypes belonging to 14 species. Relationships were also investigated among model parameters or traits. Germination rates were faster for species with a high base temperature and for species with seed reserves located principally in the embryo (rather than the endosperm or perisperm). During heterotrophic growth, maximal shoot length and elongation rate increased with seed dry mass. The sensitivity of seedlings to soil obstacles was negatively related to shoot diameter. Thus apart from the known effects of seed mass on seedling establishment, we found that seed reserve location, seedling shoot diameter and shape affected germination rate and emergence success. Such generic rules linking plant traits to germination and emergence parameters enhance our understanding of the determinants of environmental effects on plant establishment success.
Hybrid stenting for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Rathgeber Steven L. , Gandhi Sanjiv K. , Harris Kevin C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCongenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries is commonly associated with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. We describe a case of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and previous surgical ventricular septal defect repair with recurrent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The patient underwent a hybrid procedure to stent the left ventricular outflow tract, which was successful with no re-intervention through 3 years of follow-up.
Inhibition and Switching in Healthy Aging: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Adólfsdóttir Steinunn , Wollschlaeger Daniel , Wehling Eike , Lundervold Astri J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectives: Discrepant findings of age-related effects between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on executive function (EF) have been described across different studies. The aim of the present study was to examine longitudinal age effects on inhibition and switching, two key subfunctions of EF, calculated from results on the Color Word Interference Test (CWIT). Methods: One hundred twenty-three healthy aging individuals (average age 61.4 years; 67% women) performed the CWIT up to three times, over a period of more than 6 years. Measures of inhibition, switching, and combined inhibition and switching were analyzed. A longitudinal linear mixed effects models analysis was run including basic CWIT conditions, and measures of processing speed, retest effect, gender, education, and age as predictors. Results: After taking all predictors into account, age added significantly to the predictive value of the longitudinal models of (i) inhibition, (ii) switching, and (iii) combined inhibition and switching. The basic CWIT conditions and the processing speed measure added to the predictive value of the models, while retest effect, gender, and education did not. Conclusions: The present study on middle-aged to older individuals showed age-related decline in inhibition and switching abilities. This decline was retained even when basic CWIT conditions, processing speed, attrition, gender, and education were controlled. (JINS, 2017, 23, 90–97)
Observation of spin Seebeck contribution to the transverse thermopower in Ni-Pt and MnBi-Au bulk nanocomposites
Authors: Boona Stephen R. , Vandaele Koen , Boona Isabel N. , McComb David W. , Heremans Joseph P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTransverse thermoelectric devices produce electric fields perpendicular to an incident heat flux. Classically, this process is driven by the Nernst effect in bulk solids, wherein a magnetic field generates a Lorentz force on thermally excited electrons. The spin Seebeck effect also produces magnetization-dependent transverse electric fields. It is traditionally observed in thin metallic films deposited on electrically insulating ferromagnets, but the films’ high resistance limits thermoelectric conversion efficiency. Combining Nernst and spin Seebeck effect in bulk materials would enable devices with simultaneously large transverse thermopower and low electrical resistance. Here we demonstrate experimentally that this is possible in composites of conducting ferromagnets (Ni or MnBi) containing metallic nanoparticles with strong spin–orbit interactions (Pt or Au). These materials display positive shifts in transverse thermopower attributable to inverse spin Hall electric fields in the nanoparticles. This more than doubles the power output of the Ni-Pt materials, establishing proof of principle that the spin Seebeck effect persists in bulk nanocomposites.