bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of Frontal Horn Ratio and Optimal CSF Drainage in the Treatment of Very Low-Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Houlden Danielle , Khodorskiy Dmitriy , Miller-Portman Sandra , Li Maria 
Published: December 2017

Introduction Unlike low-pressure hydrocephalus, very low pressure hydrocephalus (VLPH) is a rarely reported clinical entity previously described to be associated with poor outcomes and to be possibly refractory to treatment with continued cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage at subatmospheric pressures.1, 2 We present four cases of VLPH following resection of suprasellar lesions and hypothesize that untreatable patients can be identified early, thereby avoiding futile prolonged external ventricular drainage in ICU.
Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of four cases of VLPH encountered between 2007 and 2015 in two different institutions and practices and tried to identify factors contributing to successful treatment. We hypothesized that normalization of frontal horn ratio (FHR), optimization of volume of CSF drained, and avoidance of fluid shifts would contribute to improved Glasgow Coma Score (GCS). We examined fluid shifts by studying net fluids shifts and serum levels of sodium, urea, and creatinine. We used Pearson and Spearman correlations to identify measures that would correlate with improved GCS.
Results Our study reveals that improving GCS is positively correlated with decreased FHR and increased CSF drainage within an optimal range. The most important determinant of good outcome is retention of brain viscoelasticity as evidenced by restoration and maintenance of good GCS score despite fluctuations in FHR.
Conclusion Futile prolonged subatmospheric drainage can be avoided by declining to continue treatment in patients who have permanently altered brain compliance secondary to unsealed CSF leaks, irremediable ventriculitis, and who are therefore unable to sustain an improved neurologic examination.
The Effects of Myofascial Release Technique on Depression Following Pain Reduction in a Depressive Patient Suffering from Frozen Shoulder: A Case Report
Authors: Yoosefinejad Amin Kordi , Samani Mahbobeh , Jabarifard Fatemeh 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Introduction Chronic pain and depression are known to interact, possibly through common neurotransmitters and pathways. Frozen shoulder is among the most debilitating musculoskeletal disorders, with a prevalence of 2–5%. Managing one of these disorders may induce dramatic effects on the other. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of myofascial release on the attenuation of depression following pain reduction in a patient with depression and frozen shoulder.
Case report/Method A 49-year-old woman with a history of depression for the previous 6 years was referred to us with a diagnosis of left side frozen shoulder. Initial range of shoulder flexion and abduction were 95 and 80 degrees respectively, and pain intensity on a visual analog scale was 10/10. Debilitating pain disturbed her sleep. Muscle weakness was documented with manual muscle testing. The myofascial release technique for the serratus anterior was applied in 5 sessions.
Results Shoulder pain was considerably attenuated and range of motion improved notable following treatment. The patient’s Beck Depression Inventory score improved by15 points.
Discussion These improvements might be attributed to the interrelationship between pain and depression.
Biomechanische Evaluation des Rehabilitationsverlaufs nach operativer Versorgung der Achillessehnenruptur
Authors: Mauch Marlene , Ulrich Markus , Kaelin Xaver , Segesser Bernhard , Paul Jochen 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Muskeln und Sehnen sind im Alltag und Sport hohen Belastungen ausgesetzt, die häufig Ursache für Verletzungen und damit einhergehend Trainingsausfällen und Rückschritten im Leistungsniveau sind. Gleichzeitig sind sie oft mit hohen Therapie- und Rehabilitationskosten verbunden. Sowohl aus sportlicher als auch aus ökonomischer Sicht ist somit ein schnelles und erfolgreiches Therapieresultat von großer Bedeutung. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist, einen Nachweis der Relevanz biomechanischer Verfahren zur objektivierten Kontrolle des Therapieverlaufes zu erbringen. Gleichzeitig sollen auf Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse Progressions- und Evaluationskriterien für eine effiziente und kontrollierte Rehabilitation dargestellt werden.
Patienten und Methoden In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden insgesamt 42 Patienten nach operativer Versorgung einer kompletten Achillessehnenruptur mittels Klöppeltechnik 18- (18 W) und 26 Wochen (26 W) postoperativ biomechanisch evaluiert. Bodenreaktionskräfte im Barfußgehen auf dem Laufband sowie die isokinetische Maximalkraft der Plantarflexoren und Dorsalextensoren wurden erfasst.
Ergebnisse Die Abstoßkraft verbessert sich auf der betroffenen Seite von 0,88 (18 W) auf 0,95 (26 W). Die prozentuale Fersenkontaktzeit liegt auf der betroffenen Seite 18 W bei 59 %, 26 W bei 55 %. Das Drehmoment in der Plantarflexion ergibt einen Anstieg der Mittelwerte von 70 Nm (18 W) zu 90 Nm (26 W) auf der betroffenen Seite. Das prozentuale Plantarflexionsdefizit (verletzte/nicht verletzte Seite) reduziert sich von 34 % auf 21 % zu den beiden postoperativen Messzeitpunkten.
Schlussfolgerung Durch die dargestellten biomechanischen Methoden können eine quantitative Beurteilung und eine objektive Kontrolle des Therapieverlaufs erfolgen. Die Resultate der Messungen dienen zusätzlich als Grundlage für die Festlegung von Evaluations- und Progressionskriterien, um den Therapiefortschritt eines Patienten besser beurteilen und die Rehabilitation kontrolliert steuern zu können.
Nutzen und Bedarf von Empowerment-Support bei Brustkrebs im Frühstadium: Von der Patienteninformation zum Empowerment-Coaching
Authors: Schreiber Delia , Nagel Gerd , Marschner Norbert 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten fand ein beachtlicher Wandel im Rollenverständnis von Krebspatienten statt. Eine neue Generation kompetenter Patienten erwartet heute neue Formen von Beratungsleistungen zum Empowerment-Support.
Fragestellung Wie steht es um den Nutzen von Beratungsleistungen zum Empowerment-Support? Decken sie im Speziellen den Bedarf von Patientinnen mit frühem Brustkrebs ab? Wenn nein, welcher Handlungsbedarf ergibt sich?
Methodik Literatur-Review; Befragung institutioneller Health-Care-Provider; Praxiserfahrungen.
Ergebnisse Der kurzfristige Nutzen von Empowerment-Interventionen ist gut belegt. Zum langfristigen krankheitsbezogenen Nutzen liegen hingegen nur spärliche Daten vor. Aus der Sicht kompetenter Patientinnen mit Brustkrebs im Frühstadium bestehe eine Lücke im Spektrum der Empowerment-Leistungen. Es fehle am speziellen Coaching zur Förderung der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung. Die inhaltlichen und methodischen Grundlagen eines solchen Empowerment-Coaching werden beschrieben.
Diskussion Im Vergleich zu früher dürfte heute eine bessere wissenschaftliche Ausgangssituation zur Durchführung von prospektiven kontrollierten Studien zum langfristigen Nutzen von Empowerment-Interventionen bestehen.
Dispersal limitation promotes the diversification of the mammalian gut microbiota
Authors: Moeller Andrew H. , Suzuki Taichi A. , Lin Dana , Lacey Eileen A. , Wasser Samuel K. , Nachman Michael W. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Mammals harbor communities of gut bacteria that regulate host health, requiring an understanding of the processes that govern the evolution of gut microbiotas. We investigated the diversification of mammalian gut microbiotas by surveying the gut microbiotas of 136 pairs of wild mammalian species living throughout the Americas. These comparisons indicated that physical distance produces barriers to bacterial dispersal that appear to accelerate compositional divergence between the gut microbiotas of mammalian species over evolutionary time. In contrast, contact between host species, such as that between predators and prey, leads to widespread bacterial transmission and the homogenization of microbiotas within mammalian communities. Our findings suggest that spatial limits on bacterial dispersal generate and maintain mammalian gut bacterial diversity across the western hemisphere.
Critical dynamics in population vaccinating behavior
Authors: Pananos A. Demetri , Bury Thomas M. , Wang Clara , Schonfeld Justin , Mohanty Sharada P. , Nyhan Brendan , Salathé Marcel , Bauch Chris T. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Complex adaptive systems exhibit characteristic dynamics near tipping points such as critical slowing down (declining resilience to perturbations). We studied Twitter and Google search data about measles from California and the United States before and after the 2014–2015 Disneyland, California measles outbreak. We find critical slowing down starting a few years before the outbreak. However, population response to the outbreak causes resilience to increase afterward. A mathematical model of measles transmission and population vaccine sentiment predicts the same patterns. Crucially, critical slowing down begins long before a system actually reaches a tipping point. Thus, it may be possible to develop analytical tools to detect populations at heightened risk of a future episode of widespread vaccine refusal.
Effect of oil palm sustainability certification on deforestation and fire in Indonesia
Authors: Carlson Kimberly M. , Heilmayr Robert , Gibbs Holly K. , Noojipady Praveen , Burns David N. , Morton Douglas C. , Walker Nathalie F. , Paoli Gary D. , Kremen Claire 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Demand for agricultural commodities is the leading driver of tropical deforestation. Many corporations have pledged to eliminate forest loss from their supply chains by purchasing only certified “sustainable” products. To evaluate whether certification fulfills such pledges, we applied statistical analyses to satellite-based estimates of tree cover loss to infer the causal impact of a third-party certification system on deforestation and fire within Indonesian oil palm plantations. We found that certification significantly reduced deforestation, but not fire or peatland clearance, among participating plantations. Moreover, certification was mostly adopted in older plantations that contained little remaining forest. Broader adoption by oil palm growers is likely needed for certification to have a large impact on total forest area lost to oil palm expansion.
Noncanonical thyroid hormone signaling mediates cardiometabolic effects in vivo
Authors: Hönes G. Sebastian , Rakov Helena , Logan John , Liao Xiao-Hui , Werbenko Eugenie , Pollard Andrea S. , Præstholm Stine M. , Siersbæk Majken S. , Rijntjes Eddy , Gassen Janina , Latteyer Sören , Engels Kathrin , Strucksberg Karl-Heinz , Kleinbongard Petra , Zwanziger Denise , Rozman Jan , Gailus-Durner Valerie , Fuchs Helmut , Hrabe de Angelis Martin , Klein-Hitpass Ludger , Köhrle Josef , Armstrong David L. , Grøntved Lars , Bassett J. H. Duncan , Williams Graham R. , Refetoff Samuel , Führer Dagmar , Moeller Lars C. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
This study changes our understanding of how thyroid hormone acts. Thyroid hormone receptors are considered typical nuclear receptors that bind to DNA and, after binding, alter the expression of their target genes and regulate physiological responses. Nevertheless, we show that thyroid hormone still mediates important physiological effects in mice expressing mutant receptors that cannot bind DNA. These are predominantly linked to energy metabolism and include glucose and triglyceride concentrations, body temperature, locomotor activity, and heart rate. This study provides in vivo evidence that thyroid hormone receptors mediate physiologically relevant effects that are independent of DNA binding and direct activation of gene expression.
Appetite suppressive role of medial septal glutamatergic neurons
Authors: Sweeney Patrick , Li Changhong , Yang Yunlei 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Feeding behavior is composed of emotional, hedonic, and homeostatic aspects. It is therefore important to dissect neuron populations that control feeding and emotions and determine their interactions. In this study, we report a neuronal population involved in suppressing food intake in the septum, a brain region relaying information encoded in higher-level brain regions to downstream targets in the hypothalamus. We find that the septal glutamatergic neurons exert anorexic effects without overtly influencing locomotion or anxiety behavior, representing a promising cellular entry point for future studies investigating higher-level control of feeding.
Zooplankton can actively adjust their motility to turbulent flow
Authors: Michalec François-Gaël , Fouxon Itzhak , Souissi Sami , Holzner Markus 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Zooplankton possess narrow swimming capabilities, yet are capable of active locomotion amid turbulence. By decoupling the relative velocity of swimming zooplankton from that of the underlying flow, we provide evidence for an active adaptation that allows these small organisms to modulate their swimming effort in response to background flow. This behavioral response results in reduced diffusion at substantial turbulence intensity. Adjusting motility provides fitness advantage because it enables zooplankton to retain the benefits of self-locomotion despite the constraints enforced by turbulence transport. Vigorous swimming and reduced diffusion oppose turbulence advection, can directly affect the dispersal of zooplankton populations, and may help these organisms to actively control their distribution in dynamic environments.
Brain urea increase is an early Huntington’s disease pathogenic event observed in a prodromal transgenic sheep model and HD cases
Authors: Handley Renee R. , Reid Suzanne J. , Brauning Rudiger , Maclean Paul , Mears Emily R. , Fourie Imche , Patassini Stefano , Cooper Garth J. S. , Rudiger Skye R. , McLaughlan Clive J. , Verma Paul J. , Gusella James F. , MacDonald Marcy E. , Waldvogel Henry J. , Bawden C. Simon , Faull Richard L. M. , Snell Russell G. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
We present evidence for the presymptomatic dysregulation of urea metabolism in Huntington’s disease (HD). We identified increased levels of a urea transporter transcript and other osmotic regulators in the striatum of our prodromal sheep model of HD and a concomitant increase in striatal and cerebellar urea. Elevated urea was also detected in brain tissue from postmortem HD cases, including cases with low-level cell loss, implying that increased brain urea in HD is not just a product of end-stage cachexia. Disruption of urea metabolism is known to cause neurologic impairment and could initiate neurodegeneration and the symptoms of HD. Our findings suggest that lowering brain levels of urea and/or ammonia would be a worthwhile therapeutic target in HD.
Interferon-beta represses cancer stem cell properties in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Doherty Mary R. , Cheon HyeonJoo , Junk Damian J. , Vinayak Shaveta , Varadan Vinay , Telli Melinda L. , Ford James M. , Stark George R. , Jackson Mark W. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Current cancer therapies fail to repress tumor recurrence and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) because they fail to target cells that possess epithelial–mesenchymal (E-M) plasticity and acquire cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. Identifying and engaging signaling pathways that regulate E-M/CSC plasticity within TNBC therefore remains an unmet critical clinical need. Recent evidence demonstrates that presence of E-M/CSC plasticity in TNBC correlates with a repressed interferon/STAT gene signature. Our data demonstrate that exogenous IFN-β targets and represses E-M/CSC plasticity by reengaging type I IFN signaling in CSC. Our findings have clinical relevance, as IFN-β signaling correlates with improved patient survival and repressed CSC in TNBC. Thus, our work suggests a therapeutic use for IFN-β in the repression of E-M/CSC–driven tumor recurrence and metastasis in TNBC.
Distinct roles of N- and O-glycans in cellulase activity and stability
Authors: Amore Antonella , Knott Brandon C. , Supekar Nitin T. , Shajahan Asif , Azadi Parastoo , Zhao Peng , Wells Lance , Linger Jeffrey G. , Hobdey Sarah E. , Vander Wall Todd A. , Shollenberger Todd , Yarbrough John M. , Tan Zhongping , Crowley Michael F. , Himmel Michael E. , Decker Stephen R. , Beckham Gregg T. , Taylor Larry E. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification of proteins wherein carbohydrates are appended to protein side chains, with myriad functions in molecular and cell biology. The enzymes that break down polysaccharides and other recalcitrant polymers in nature are often decorated with two canonical forms of glycosylation, N- and O-linked glycans, the roles of which are only partially understood in these key enzyme families with importance to both natural biomass turnover and industrial biotechnology. Here, we report that, depending on where they are attached, glycans play substantially different roles for the enzyme in thermal and proteolytic stability, substrate binding, and substrate turnover. Overall, these results provide fundamental insights into how glycans affect critical properties of biomass-degrading enzymes.
Beta oscillations reflect supramodal information during perceptual judgment
Authors: Haegens Saskia , Vergara José , Rossi-Pool Román , Lemus Luis , Romo Ranulfo 
Published: December 2017

SignificanceWhen a perceptual judgment has to be made comparing inputs from different sensory modalities (here, tactile and auditory), the relevant information needs to be coded in a supramodal way. We studied the role of beta oscillations in the premotor system, which had previously been linked to tactile working memory and decision making. We report that beta-band power reflects the to-be-remembered stimulus properties, and the subsequent decision outcome. This information is coded in a supramodal, context-dependent manner—modality information is retained only when relevant for the task at hand. We interpret these results in light of a recently proposed framework in which beta-band synchronization reflects the dynamic recruiting of task-relevant neuronal circuits.
How reduced excitonic coupling enhances light harvesting in the main photosynthetic antennae of diatoms
Authors: Krüger Tjaart P. J. , Malý Pavel , Alexandre Maxime T. A. , Mančal Tomáš , Büchel Claudia , van Grondelle Rienk 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Photosynthetic energy transfer must remain robust within the disordered protein environment. A high degree of robustness is generally obtained using molecular exciton states, which are excited states delocalized over a few pigments. These states provide several advantages, including a reduced probability of energy trapping in unfavorable sites, which would diminish the energy transfer efficiency. This study combines single-molecule spectroscopy and quantum-mechanical simulations to explore the different strategy of the main light-harvesting complexes of diatoms to enhance robustness. In the absence of strong exciton interactions, the pigment energies are more susceptible to protein structural changes, but the complexes seem to use these fluctuations to switch frequently into low-energy states with improved light-harvesting properties.
Sex determination of human remains from peptides in tooth enamel
Authors: Stewart Nicolas Andre , Gerlach Raquel Fernanda , Gowland Rebecca L. , Gron Kurt J. , Montgomery Janet 
Published: December 2017

Significance
The ability to assign biological sex to human skeletal remains is a fundamental requirement in archaeology, paleoanthropology, and medico-legal sciences. While DNA sequencing can be used, it is expensive, time-consuming, and often fails due to the poor quality of the remaining DNA. An easier, more reliable, and consistently applicable method is needed. We present a method for sex determination of human remains using peptides retrieved from tooth enamel. Amelogenin is an enamel-forming protein encoded for by both chromosomes X and Y, with slight differences in their amino acid sequences. Peptides with these differences were identified by nanoflow liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and found to correctly assign sex to archaeological human remains of various chronological ages, from hundreds to thousands of years old.
Obligatory role of hypothalamic neuroestradiol during the estrogen-induced LH surge in female ovariectomized rhesus monkeys
Authors: Kenealy Brian P. , Keen Kim L. , Garcia James P. , Kohlenberg Lucille K. , Terasawa Ei 
Published: December 2017

Significance
The concept that ovarian cycles in female mammals are regulated by gonadal steroids released from the ovary is well-established dogma. The findings of this study, however, showing that the removal of neuroestradiol synthesis in the median eminence of the hypothalamus by the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, greatly attenuates estrogen-induced gonadotropin releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone surges in ovariectomized female monkeys, indicate that neuroestradiol locally synthesized and released in the hypothalamus is an integral part of the ovary-initiated positive feedback mechanism of estradiol.
Discovery of the leinamycin family of natural products by mining actinobacterial genomes
Authors: Pan Guohui , Xu Zhengren , Guo Zhikai , Hindra  , Ma Ming , Yang Dong , Zhou Hao , Gansemans Yannick , Zhu Xiangcheng , Huang Yong , Zhao Li-Xing , Jiang Yi , Cheng Jinhua , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Suh Joo-Won , Duan Yanwen , Shen Ben 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Leinamycin (LNM) is a promising anticancer drug lead, yet no analog has been isolated since its discovery nearly 30 y ago. By mining bacterial genomes, we discovered 49 potential producers of LNM-type natural products, the structural diversity of which was predicted based on bioinformatics and confirmed by in vitro characterization of selected enzymes and structural elucidation of the guangnanmycins and weishanmycins. These findings demonstrate the power of the discovery-based approach to combinatorial biosynthesis for natural product discovery and structural diversity. New members of the LNM family of natural products should greatly facilitate drug discovery and development. The LNM-type biosynthetic machineries provide outstanding opportunities to dissect and mimic Nature’s strategies for combinatorial biosynthesis and natural product structural diversity.
Structural changes of tailless bacteriophage ΦX174 during penetration of bacterial cell walls
Authors: Sun Yingyuan , Roznowski Aaron P. , Tokuda Joshua M. , Klose Thomas , Mauney Alexander , Pollack Lois , Fane Bentley A. , Rossmann Michael G. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
One of the unresolved mysteries of tailless bacteriophages is how they recognize potential targets and translocate their genomes across the periplasmic space of their hosts. In this study, bilayers consisting of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from bacterial cells were found to trigger genome ejection from ΦX174. We investigated the structural response of ΦX174 and showed that the phage binds to LPS through one of its pentameric spikes. Dissociation of the spike, followed by conformational changes in the major capsid proteins, cause DNA ejection through preformed tubes consisting of viral H proteins. This unique infection strategy may give ΦX174 and other members of the Microviridae family an evolutionary advantage by allowing them to protect the DNA conduit until a specific target is identified.