bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of formation of the Keketale Pb–Zn deposit, Xinjiang, Northwest China, Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Implications for the metallogeny of the South Altay Orogenic Belt
Authors: Yang Chengdong , Yang Fuquan , Chai Fengmei , Wu Yufeng 
Published: June 2017

The Keketale is the largest Pb–Zn deposit in the volcano‐sedimentary Maizi Basin of the South Altay Orogenic Belt (AOB), Northwest China. The stratabound orebodies are hosted in a suite of meta‐sedimentary rocks intercalated with volcanic rocks of the Lower Devonian Kangbutiebao Formation. The massive and banded ores representing the main mineralization stage are relatively well‐preserved in the ore district. This paper reports systematic geochronological results including the zircon laser ablation–multiple collector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS) U–Pb analyses on two meta‐felsic volcanic rocks from the Kangbutiebao Formation and Rb–Sr isotope dating on seven sphalerite samples from the main mineralization stage, together with some sulphur isotopic data to constrain the mineralization age and the genesis of the deposit. Rb–Sr isotope dating yield an isochron age of 398.2 ± 3.3 Ma generally synchronous with the zircon (LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS) U–Pb analyses of a meta‐rhyolite and a meta‐dacite from the strata (410.5 ± 1.3 Ma and 394.8 ± 1.9 Ma, respectively). The δ34S values of seven pyrite samples in the main massive and banded ores vary from −12.4‰ to −6.2‰, indicating that the main ore‐forming sulphur of the deposit was derived from bacterial reduction of seawater sulphate. By integrating the field, chronological, and isotopic evidences, we conclude that the Keketale Pb–Zn deposit is a VMS‐type deposit. Combining our results with the isotopic geochronology in the South AOB, we argue that the South AOB has undergone three mineralization episodes: the syndepositional mineralization (412–387 Ma), the subvolcanic hydrothermal‐related mineralization (382–379 Ma), and the epigenetic mineralization that is genetically linked to regional metamorphism and deformation (260–204 Ma). The Keketale Pb–Zn deposit is a product of the Devonian seafloor hydrothermal exhalation system in the South AOB.
The detection and prevention of unintentional consumption of DOx and 25x‐NBOMe at Portugal's Boom Festival
Authors: Martins Daniel , Barratt Monica J. , Pires Cristiana Vale , Carvalho Helena , Vilamala Mireia Ventura , Espinosa Iván Fornís , Valente Helena 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis paper describes the misrepresentation of LSD at Portugal's Boom Festival 2014 and the prevention of unintentional consumption of DOx and 25x‐NBOMe among LSD consumers attending a drug‐checking service.MethodsTwo hundred forty‐five drug samples expected to contain LSD were submitted to the drug‐checking service for chemical analysis. One hundred ten post‐test questionnaires were successfully matched with test results.ResultsAbout 67.3% of the alleged LSD samples tested contained only LSD; 0.8% contained LSD combined with adulterants; 24.1% did not contain LSD but did contain another psychoactive substance, including 11.4% that were 2,5‐dimethoxyamphetamine derivatives and 9.8% that were N‐benzyl‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenethylamine derivatives; and no psychoactive substance was detected in 7.8%. The majority of service users who received unexpected test results regarding their alleged LSD (74.2%) reported that they did not intend to consume the drug. Following dissemination of alerts on day 2, a larger than expected proportion of all tests conducted were for LSD, when comparing the 2014 festival to 2012, where no such alert was disseminated.ConclusionsAlthough these results support the provision of integrated drug‐checking services in party settings, evidence of their utility and effectiveness would be improved through future research incorporating more robust measures of outcomes following provision of drug‐checking results.
Retracted: Knockdown of lncRNA MEG3 inhibits viability, migration, and invasion and promotes apoptosis by sponging miR‐127 in osteosarcoma cell
Authors: Wang Yang , Kong Daliang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common bone malignancies and occurs almost exclusively in children and adolescents. This study aimed to explore the role of lncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in OS cells growth and metastasis, and to uncover the possible underlying mechanism. In this study, the expressions of MEG3 in five OS cell lines (MG63, OS‐732, SaOS, G292, and 143B) and in a human osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19 were measured by qRT‐PCR analysis. The expressions of MEG3, miR‐127, and ZEB1 in OS‐732 cells were overexpressed or suppressed by transfection. Cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were then assessed. The results showed that MEG3 was highly expressed in OS cell lines when compared to hFOB1.19 cell. MEG3 silence significantly suppressed OS‐732 cells growth and metastasis, as evidenced by the decreases in cell viability, migration, invasion, and increase in apoptotic cell rate. MEG3 acted as an endogenous sponge by binding to miR‐127. More interestingly, MEG3 silence could not suppress OS‐732 cells growth and metastasis when miR‐127 was knocked down. ZEB1 was a target gene of miR‐127, and miR‐127 overexpression‐induced impairments in cell growth and metastasis were attenuated when ZEB1 was overexpressed. Moreover,miR‐127 suppression activated JNK and Wnt signaling pathways, while these activations were recovered by ZEB1 silence. To conclude, our findings suggest that lncRNA MEG3 promoted OS cells growth and metastasis in vitro through sponging miR‐127. This study provides the evidence that MEG3 may be a potential therapeutic target for OS.
Aspirin for primary stroke prevention in elderly patients with vascular risk factors
Authors: Uchiyama Shinichiro 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe effect of aspirin in primary stroke prevention is controversial in Western population, and no evidence is available in Asian population. We performed stroke subanalysis of the Japanese Primary Prevention Project (JPPP), which was a randomized controlled trial of aspirin vs no aspirin for primary prevention of vascular events in 14 464 patients aged over 60 years with hypertension, diabetes, and/or dyslipidemia. We evaluated the effects of aspirin on the risk of stroke and intracranial hemorrhage. Aspirin did not show any net benefit for primary stroke prevention during median follow‐up for 5 years, because nonsignificant reduction in ischemic stroke was offset by nonsignificant increase in hemorrhagic stroke. Aspirin is not recommended for primary stroke prevention in elderly Japanese patients with vascular risk factors in general. Asymptomatic large artery atherosclerosis appears to be a new target for primary prevention of stroke.
Behavioral change of pharmacists by online evidence‐based medicine‐style education programs
Authors: Aoshima Syuichi , Kuwabara Hidenori , Yamamoto Masahiro 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough e‐learning evidence‐based medicine (EBM) courses have proven useful in improving the knowledge and skills of residents, it was still unclear for pharmacists in non‐English‐speaking countries. Thus, we investigated the behavioral change of Japanese pharmacists who participated in an EBM‐style e‐learning educational program available online.MethodsThis EBM‐style e‐learning program, the Japanese Journal Club for Clinical Pharmacists, was operated by three pharmacists through Skype. It comprised an online questionnaire administered to the program viewers. Two frequencies, the opportunity to be aware of EBM practices and that of reading an article, were compared before and after viewing the broadcast. Frequencies were classified into five categories: “almost every day,” “1–2 times a week,” “1–2 times a month,” “1–2 times a year,” and “not at all.” The changes before and after viewing the broadcast were evaluated using a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsThe announcement of the questionnaire survey on the web was conducted during the journal club on August 24 and September 7, 2014. The maximum number of simultaneous audiences at the time was 113 persons. Among them, we analyzed data from 36 people who answered the questionnaire. Among these, “1–2 times a week” and “almost every day” were increased, whereas “not at all” was greatly reduced. Indeed, a significant difference was observed in overall change of each frequency before and after viewing the broadcast (P<.001).ConclusionEBM‐style learning programs may play an important role in the postgraduate clinical education of pharmacists.
On the hidden maxwell superalgebra underlying supergravity
Authors: Peñafiel D. M. , Ravera L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this work, we expand the hidden ‐Lorentz superalgebra underlying supergravity, reaching a (hidden) Maxwell superalgebra. The latter can be viewed as an extension involving cosmological constant of the superalgebra underlying supergravity in flat spacetime. We write the Maurer‐Cartan equations in this context and we find some interesting extensions of the antisymmetric 3‐form A(3) appearing in the Free Differential Algebra in Minkowski space. The structure of Free Differential Algebras is obtained by considering the zero curvature equations. We write the parametrization of A(3) in terms of 1‐forms and we rend the topological features of its extensions manifest. We interestingly find out that the structure of these extensions, and consequently the structure of the corresponding boundary contribution , strongly depends on the form of the extra fermionic generator appearing in the hidden Maxwell superalgebra. The model we develop in this work is defined in an enlarged superspace with respect to the ordinary one, and the extra bosonic and fermionic 1‐forms required for the closure of the hidden Maxwell superalgebra must be considered as physical fields in this enlarged superspace.
How Do Social Media Affect Analyst Stock Recommendations? Evidence from S&P 500 Electric Power Companies' Twitter Accounts
Authors: Kim Eun‐Hee , Youm Yoo Na 
Published: June 2017

Research summary: The importance of firm‐stakeholder relationships is gaining increasing attention. Although a theory of the drivers and consequences of stakeholder pressure has been developing, it focuses on pressures from organized stakeholders such as shareholders, NGOs, and activists, and does not incorporate the emerging possibility that individual voices may matter. By exploring corporate Twitter, which facilitates movement of individual stakeholders such as customers to a higher stakeholder class by providing them with a greater sense of power and urgency, we study the circumstances under which customer voices significantly affect analyst stock recommendations. We find that favorable reactions to firm‐initiated messages matter, directly or indirectly, depending on the messages' growth implications. Customer‐initiated negative messages have a significant impact only with high volume and formal institutions that support customer opinions.Managerial summary: Social media is increasingly used by firms for disclosing information and engaging stakeholders. Yet, we know little about whether and how social media usage matters. We show how corporate Twitter usage may influence analyst stock recommendations. Our interviews of securities analysts suggest that social media is not institutionalized yet, but increasingly used as a source of channel checks, especially for vibes, validations, and so on. Our analyses of corporate Twitter accounts show that both firm‐initiated and customer‐initiated tweets can have significant impact on analyst recommendations under certain conditions. For firm‐initiated tweets, the extent of retweets is an important factor, along with the content of tweets, in particular, growth implications. For customer‐initiated tweets, negative tweets matter, but only with high volume and regulatory structure that supports customer protection. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ELIMINATING DISJUNCTIONS BY DISJUNCTION ELIMINATION
Authors: RINALDI DAVIDE , SCHUSTER PETER , WESSEL DANIEL 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCompleteness and other forms of Zorn’s Lemma are sometimes invoked for semantic proofs of conservation in relatively elementary mathematical contexts in which the corresponding syntactical conservation would suffice. We now show how a fairly general syntactical conservation theorem that covers plenty of the semantic approaches follows from an utmost versatile criterion for conservation given by Scott in 1974.To this end we work with multi-conclusion entailment relations as extending single-conclusion entailment relations. In a nutshell, the additional axioms with disjunctions in positive position can be eliminated by reducing them to the corresponding disjunction elimination rules, which in turn prove admissible in all known mathematical instances. In deduction terms this means to fold up branchings of proof trees by way of properties of the relevant mathematical structures.Applications include the syntactical counterparts of the theorems or lemmas known under the names of Artin–Schreier, Krull–Lindenbaum, and Szpilrajn. Related work has been done before on individual instances, e.g., in locale theory, dynamical algebra, formal topology and proof analysis.
A biomarker record of temperature and phytoplankton community structure in the Okinawa Trough since the last glacial maximum
Authors: Ruan Jiaping , Xu Yunping , Ding Su , Wang Yinghui , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA variety of biomarkers were examined from Ocean Drilling Program Core 1202B to reconstruct temperature and phytoplankton community structures in the southern Okinawa Trough since 20 ka. Two molecular temperature proxies ($${\rm U}_{{37}}^{{{\rm K}\prime}} $$and TEX86) show 5°C to ~6°C warming during the glacial-interglacial transition. Prior to the Holocene, the$${\rm U}_{{37}}^{{{\rm K}\prime}} $$-derived temperature was generally 1°C to 4°C higher than TEX86-derived temperature. This difference, however, was reduced to <1°C in the Holocene. Correspondingly, the phytoplankton biomarkers (e.g., C37:2alkenone, brassicasterol, C301,15 diol, and dinosterol) indicate a shift of planktonic community structures, with coccolithophorids becoming more abundant in the Holocene at the expense of diatoms/dinoflagellates. This shift is related to the variability of nutrients, temperature, and salinity in the Okinawa Trough, likely controlled by the sea level and the intensity of the Kuroshio Current. The phytoplankton community change may have had profound implications for atmospheric CO2fluctuations during glacial-interglacial cycles since diatoms and dinoflagellates have a higher efficiency of the biological pump than coccolithophorids.
MUSICAL FRAGILITY: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
Authors: Epstein Nomi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhile fragility is typically defined as ‘the quality of being easily broken or damaged’, within a musical framework the term can be understood through a myriad of causal lenses. One must consider what can be ‘broken’ or damaged’ in a musical context, and secondly how this sense of impairment might present itself. This article offers an extensive categorisation of musical fragility, and a characterisation of it in its numerous forms across the works of a broad range of composers. Through classification, a distinction between local and large-scale fragility emerges. A typology of fragilities makes it possible both to identify them in works that might not necessarily be considered fragile and to identify works that use combinations of fragility types. This classification involves ten types, with compositions from new and experimental acoustic music offered as examples.
Tracing Trajectories of Young Learners: Ten Years of School English Learning
Authors: Muñoz Carmen 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTAn early start of foreign language (FL) teaching has been encouraged on the basis that the main gains in this period lie in the development of positive attitudes and motivation. But the view that those positive effects will remain unchanged over learners’ language-learning trajectories is at odds with the currently prevailing notion that motivation is a complex and evolutionary process that fluctuates over time. In fact, research has shown that the positive attitudes attested in the first years of primary school wane after a while. But we still know very little about young learners’ motivational development, and longitudinal studies are very scarce. This 10-year longitudinal study looked at the trajectories of a group of young learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) from age 6 to age 16 using a mixed-methods design. It examined their outcomes in relation to their language-learning aptitude and motivation, and it observed the ways in which their levels of motivation rise and fall over time. The triangulation of data from different sources, and principally from yearly individual interviews, provided us with insights to better understand the role played by internal and external factors in those trajectories and some of the challenges for FL teaching to young learners.
Double burden of underweight and overweight among Bangladeshi adults differs between men and women: evidence from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Hoque Mohammad E , Hasan Md T , Rahman Muntasirur , Long Kurt Z , Al Mamun Abdullah 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of underweight and overweight among Bangladeshi adults and to determine if the double burden of underweight and overweight differs by gender and other socio-economic characteristics of individuals.DesignWe used data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Multinominal logistic regression was used to examine associations between the different nutritional statuses of individuals and related determinants. Interaction effect was checked between gender and various socio-economic factors.SettingNationwide, covering the whole of Bangladesh.SubjectsIndividuals aged >18 years (women, n 16 052; men, n 5090).ResultsUnderweight was observed among 28·3 % of men and 24·4 % of women, whereas overweight was observed among 8·4 % of men and 16·9 % of women. The odds of being overweight were significantly lower among urban men (OR=0·46; 95 % CI 0·37, 0·57) compared with urban women, whereas the odds of being underweight were significantly higher among urban men (OR=1·33; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·64) compared with urban women. The odds of being overweight were lower among higher educated men (OR=0·48; 95 % CI 0·39, 0·58) and men of rich households (OR=0·45; 95 % CI 0·37, 0·54) compared with higher educated women and women of rich households, respectively.ConclusionsThere are important gender differences in the prevalence of underweight and overweight among the adult population in Bangladesh. Women with higher education, in rich and urban households have higher chances of being overweight and lower chances of being underweight compared with their male counterparts.
The meaning and experience of bereavement support: A qualitative interview study of bereaved family caregivers
Authors: Kirby Emma , Kenny Katherine , Broom Alex , MacArtney John , Good Phillip 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:Experiences of bereavement can be stressful and are frequently complicated by emotional, familial, and financial issues. Some—though not all—caregivers may benefit from bereavement support. While considered standard within palliative care services in Australia, bereavement support is not widely utilized by family caregivers. There is little research focused on the forms of bereavement support desired or required by family caregivers, how such care is viewed, and/or how bereavement support is experienced. This study examined the experiences of bereaved family caregivers and their impressions of and interactions with bereavement support.Method:This paper reports on one aspect of a broader study designed to explore a range of experiences of patients and caregivers to and through palliative care. Focusing on experiences of bereavement, it draws on qualitative semistructured interviews with 15 family caregivers of palliative care patients within a specialist palliative care unit of an Australian metropolitan hospital. The interviews for this stage of the study were initiated 3–9 months after an initial interview with a family caregiver, during which time the palliative patient had died, and they covered family caregivers' experiences of bereavement and bereavement support. Interviews were digitally audiotaped and transcribed in full. A thematic analysis was conducted utilizing the framework approach wherein interview transcripts were reviewed, key themes identified, and explanations developed.Results:The research identified four prevalent themes: (1) sociocultural constructions of bereavement support as for the incapable or socially isolated; (2) perceptions of bereavement support services as narrow in scope; (3) the “personal” character of bereavement and subsequent incompatibility with formalized support, and (4) issues around the timing and style of approaches to being offered support.Significance of results:Systematic pre-bereavement planning and careful communication about the services offered by palliative care bereavement support centers may improve receipt of support among bereaved family caregivers in need.
Making paradoxes invisible: international law as an autopoietic system
Authors: Kang Kenneth 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhen a state claims its practices are lawful but at the same time another claims this unlawful, a paradox emerges. Legal indeterminacy becomes the ordinary rule, while the resolution of disputes is designated the exception. To illustrate how international law deals with paradoxes, this paper will employ the dichotomy of upstream–downstream trans-boundary interstate relations. Here the paradox arises, since upstream states traditionally advocate for the free utilisation of water within their territory, while downstream states instead advocate for the waters full continued flow. Although, from a logical perspective, such a paradox would typically be viewed as something negative, from a social perspective, paradoxes also draw attention to the frames of common sense. Indeed, by employing a Luhmannian-inspired theoretical framework, this paper proposes that, through a sociological understanding of paradoxes, one can more adequately rediscover and reconceptualise the manner in which international law institutionalises conflicting expectations into a more harmless, bounded and permitted contradiction.
Somatic mutations in clonally expanded cytotoxic T lymphocytes in patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Savola P. , Kelkka T. , Rajala H. L. , Kuuliala A. , Kuuliala K. , Eldfors S. , Ellonen P. , Lagström S. , Lepistö M. , Hannunen T. , Andersson E. I. , Khajuria R. K. , Jaatinen T. , Koivuniemi R. , Repo H. , Saarela J. , Porkka K. , Leirisalo-Repo M. , Mustjoki S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSomatic mutations contribute to tumorigenesis. Although these mutations occur in all proliferating cells, their accumulation under non-malignant conditions, such as in autoimmune disorders, has not been investigated. Here, we show that patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis have expanded CD8+ T-cell clones; in 20% (5/25) of patients CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, harbour somatic mutations. In healthy controls (n=20), only one mutation is identified in the CD8+ T-cell pool. Mutations exist exclusively in the expanded CD8+ effector-memory subset, persist during follow-up, and are predicted to change protein functions. Some of the mutated genes (SLAMF6, IRF1) have previously been associated with autoimmunity. RNA sequencing of mutation-harbouring cells shows signatures corresponding to cell proliferation. Our data provide evidence of accumulation of somatic mutations in expanded CD8+ T cells, which may have pathogenic significance for RA and other autoimmune diseases.