bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Treatment Patterns in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis Initiating Biologic and Nonbiologic Therapy in a Clinical Registry
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Lesperance Tamara , Liu Mei , Collier David H. , Mason Marc , Deveikis Sabrina , Accortt Neil A. 
Published: January 2017

Objective.Treatment options for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have increased and improved in the past decade; treatment patterns in PsA remain poorly understood. Understanding current practices would aid in treatment management of patients with PsA.Methods.This observational study was based on data from the Corrona registry of adult patients with PsA in North America collected between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2012. Patients were divided among 3 therapy cohorts: tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) monotherapy, methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy, and TNFi and MTX combination therapy. Patients were further divided among 3 study periods to understand changes over time: 2004–2006, 2007–2009, and 2010–2012. Data were collected on persistence, discontinuation, restarting, switching, adding/dropping therapy, and dose stretching.Results.This study included 520 patients: 190 TNFi monotherapy, 217 MTX monotherapy, and 113 combination therapy; 110 from 2004 to 2006, 192 from 2007 to 2009, and 218 from 2010 to 2012. Over time, the proportion of patients initiating TNFi monotherapy decreased, while the proportion initiating combination therapy remained constant. The percentage of patients who were persistent decreased over time across all therapy cohorts, but remained higher in TNFi monotherapy than in other cohorts. Duration of persistence decreased over time. Patients initiating MTX monotherapy were more likely than their TNFi counterparts to add therapy.Conclusion.Treatment patterns in patients with PsA have changed from 2004 to 2012. Physicians are not more likely to initiate TNFi monotherapy, although clinical evidence supporting its effectiveness has increased over this study period, and patients remain more persistent with it.
Incidence of Malignancy Prior to Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–associated Vasculitis Compared to the General Population
Authors: van Daalen Emma E. , Rahmattulla Chinar , Wolterbeek Ron , Bruijn Jan A. , Bajema Ingeborg M. 
Published: January 2017

Objective.Previous studies have reported an increased malignancy risk preceding antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV), suggesting common pathogenic pathways in these 2 entities. However, the study results were conflicting and often limited to patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Here, we study the malignancy risk prior to AAV diagnosis [either GPA or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)] to elaborate on the putative association between malignancy and AAV.Methods.A total of 203 patients were selected for the current study. Malignancies prior to AAV diagnosis were identified using a nationwide pathology database, and their occurrence was verified by reviewing the medical files of 145 patients (71.4%). The malignancy incidence was compared to the general population by calculation of standardized incidence ratios (SIR), matching for sex, age, and time period. SIR were calculated for 2 intervals: < 2 years and ≥ 2 years prior to AAV diagnosis. Separate analyses were performed for GPA and MPA.Results.The overall risk for malignancy prior to AAV diagnosis was similar to that of the general population (SIR 0.96, 95% CI 0.55–1.57), as was true when risks were analyzed by malignancy type, including skin, bladder, kidney, lung, stomach, rectum, and uterus (SIR ranged from 1.64 to 4.14). We found no significant difference in malignancy risk between patients with GPA and MPA.Conclusion.Our findings do not support the hypothesis that preceding malignancies and AAV have a causal relationship or shared pathogenic pathways.
Giant Cell Arteritis–related Stroke: A Retrospective Multicenter Case-control Study
Authors: de Boysson Hubert , Liozon Eric , Larivière Delphine , Samson Maxime , Parienti Jean-Jacques , Boutemy Jonathan , Maigné Gwénola , Martin Silva Nicolas , Ly Kim , Touzé Emmanuel , Bonnotte Bernard , Aouba Achille , Sacré Karim , Bienvenu Boris 
Published: January 2017

Objective.Our aim was to describe patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA)–related stroke and to compare them with a control group of GCA patients without stroke.Methods.We created a retrospective multicenter cohort of patients with (1) GCA diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria between 1995 and 2015, and (2) stroke occurring at the time of GCA diagnosis or occurring within 4 weeks of starting GCA therapy. The control group consisted of GCA patients without stroke.Results.Forty patients [21 women (53%), median age 78 (60–91) yrs] with GCA-related stroke were included and were compared with 200 control patients. Stroke occurred at GCA diagnosis in 29 patients (73%), whereas it occurred after diagnosis in 11 patients. Vertebrobasilar territory was involved in 29 patients (73%). Seven patients died within a few hours or days following stroke. Compared with the control group, stroke patients had more ophthalmic ischemic symptoms [25 (63%) vs 50 (25%), p < 0.001]. Conversely, they demonstrated lower biological inflammatory variables [C-reactive protein: 61 (28–185) mg/l vs 99 (6–400) mg/l, p = 0.04] and less anemia [22/37 (59%) vs 137/167 (79%), p = 0.03] than patients without stroke. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the best predictors for the occurrence of stroke were the presence of ophthalmic ischemic symptoms at diagnosis (OR 5, 95% CI 2.14–12.33, p = 0.0002) and the absence of anemia (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16–0.99, p = 0.04).Conclusion.Stroke, especially in the vertebrobasilar territory, is more likely to occur in patients with GCA who experience recent ophthalmic ischemic symptoms and who exhibit low inflammatory variables.
Rate of Strabismus Detection on Digital Photographs Increases by Using Off-center Near Target
Authors: Maor Ron , Holland Joanna , Tailor Vijay , Banteka Marina , Khandelwal Payal , Glaze Selina , Barnard Simon , Yashiv Yuval , Dahlmann-Noor Annegret H. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
To increase the detection rate of strabismus on digital photographs, with the ultimate aim of developing a new automated strabismus detection algorithm.

Methods:
In this prospective case series, the authors acquired digital face photographs of 409 children with manifest or latent strabismus, using a 14-million–pixel camera with CCD image sensor. Of the last 52 enrolled, 34 image sets were selected for this study: 29 with manifest and 5 with latent strabismus. Images were taken at a distance of 40 to 70 cm in primary position, with the camera lens as the fixation target and in slight off-center fixation, and using a novel target of small light-emitting diodes mounted onto the camera case. The location of the corneal light reflection was manually calculated in relation to the center of the pupil in both eyes and ocular deviation as the difference in corneal light reflection location between the two eyes. In orthotropia, the expected deviation is zero.

Results:
In children with phorias, the mean corneal light reflection location difference between the eyes was −0.10 ± 0.14 mm in primary position and −2.02 ± 0.39 mm in off-center fixation. Using a threshold of ±0.5 mm on either side of zero for central and of 2 mm for off-center fixation, sensitivity to detect strabismus increased from 65.6% in central to 79.3% in off-center fixation, respectively. The calculation of specificity will require inclusion of a population of individuals without strabismus.

Conclusions:
Off-center fixation onto a near target ensures that participants are actively looking at the target and may increase accommodative effort, thereby increasing the detection rate of strabismus.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2017;54(2):90–96.]
Intraocular Pressure Changes Following Intravitreal Melphalan and Topotecan for the Treatment of Retinoblastoma With Vitreous Seeding
Authors: Karl Matthew D. , Francis Jasmine H. , Iyer Saipriya , Marr Brian , Abramson David H. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
To investigate the impact of intravitreal chemotherapy on intraocular pressure (IOP) in children with retinoblastoma.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study of 10 eyes of 10 patients with retinoblastoma (7 males, 3 females, mean age: 33.6 ± 9.4 months) with vitreous seeding injected with intravitreal melphalan and topotecan. IOP was measured with Tonopen (Reichert, Inc., Buffalo, NY) at baseline prior to injecting and then repeatedly following each intravitreal injection.

Results:
Mean pre-injection IOP was 8.2 ± 2.3 mm Hg (range: 4 to 12 mm Hg). Mean IOP 1 to 30 seconds after intravitreal melphalan (first injection) was 45.4 ± 14.3 mm Hg. The IOP of 89.5% of patients declined to 29 mm Hg or less in a mean 153.3 ± 97.5 seconds. Mean IOP 1 to 30 seconds after intravitreal topotecan (second injection) was 44.5 ± 11.0 mm Hg, which decreased to 31.0 ± 5.0 mm Hg by 150 seconds after injection. No significant relationship was found between age and post-injection IOP elevation. IOP exceeded the calculated mean arterial perfusion pressure in four encounters.

Conclusions:
Intravitreal chemotherapy caused a transient rise in IOP. Post-injection IOP elevations can reach levels that may exceed mean arterial pressure.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(3):185–190.]
POR UMA GEOGRAFIA ESCOLAR QUE SE SENTE: EXPERIÊNCIA DE AULA INCLUSIVA COM UMA ALUNA SURDO-CEGA
Authors: Balestrim Fernanda Viana , Fonseca Ricardo Lopes , Torres Eloiza Cristiane 
Published: January 2017

A presente pesquisa versa sobre a relevância da Educação Inclusiva, seus princípios balizadores, as normas que a regulariza no Brasil e no Estado do Paraná. Tem ainda como objetivos apresentar dados que comprovam sua gradativa ocorrência nas escolas brasileiras para que, diante da sua leitura, possa evidenciar a necessidade do compromisso do corpo docente com relação à importância da sua autoavaliação no que concerne suas práticas de ensino, objetivando a adequação para a oferta de um ensino de qualidade para estes alunos portadores de deficiência. Trata-se da importância da disciplina geográfica na oferta da autonomia intelectual e social destes alunos e oferece, a partir da prática ofertada aos alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio do Colégio Estadual Hugo Simas, em Londrina-Paraná que acolhe uma aluna portadora de múltiplas deficiências sendo uma possibilidade de efetivação da inclusão de alunos surdos-cegos em escolas regulares.
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Management of Acute Skin Trauma
Authors: Beam Joel W. , Buckley Bernadette , Holcomb William R. , Ciocca Mario 
Published: January 2017

Objective:
To present recommendations for the cleansing, debridement, dressing, and monitoring of acute skin trauma in patients.

Background:
Acute skin trauma is common during participation in athletic and recreational activities. Clinical decisions and intervention protocols after injury vary among athletic trainers and are often based on ritualistic practices. An understanding of cleansing, debridement, and dressing techniques; clinical features of infection and adverse reactions; and monitoring of acute skin trauma is critical for certified athletic trainers and other allied health and medical professionals to create a local wound environment that promotes healing and lessens the risk of complications.

Recommendations:
These guidelines are intended to provide the certified athletic trainer and others participating in athletic health care with specific knowledge about and recommendations for the management of acute skin trauma.
Athletic Training Students Demonstrate Airway Management Skill Decay, but Retain Knowledge over 6 Months
Authors: Popp Jennifer K. , Berry David C. 
Published: January 2017

Context: Airway management (AM) knowledge and skills are taught in all athletic training programs; however, research suggests that skill decay occurs with acute care skills as length of nonpractice increases.
Objective: Evaluate retention of AM knowledge and skills, specifically oropharyngeal airway (OPA) and nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) use, in athletic training students.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-five students (8 males, 17 females; age = 21.12 ± 1.42 years) enrolled in Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited professional athletic training programs.
Intervention(s): Participants' AM knowledge and skills were assessed 5 times (baseline–T4). The baseline assessment was followed by an educational review session. Participants were reassessed (T1) before being randomly assigned to 2 groups. The experimental group's AM knowledge and skills were reevaluated at 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T4), and the control group's at 6 months (T4).
Main Outcome Measure(s): Dependent variables of AM knowledge and skills scores. Groups served as the independent variable. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with between-participants and within-participants effects assessed changes in knowledge skills scores.
Results: Testing revealed no significant differences between the groups on knowledge (F2.00,46.00 = 0.37, P = .70) and overall clinical skills (F1.57,36.17 = 0.09, P = .87). A significant main effect for time on knowledge (F2.00,46.00 = 28.44, P &lt; .001) found baseline scores were different from scores at T1 and T4. A significant main effect for time on OPA skills (F1.50,34.60 = 65.02, P &lt; .001) and NPA skills (F1.62,37.31 = 106.46, P &lt; .001) found baseline scores were different from scores at T1 and T4 and T1 score was different from T4 score.
Conclusions: Both groups retained AM knowledge over a 6-month period, whereas OPA and NPA skills decayed from review session to 6-month follow-up. The lack of significant differences between the groups suggests that subsequent testing may not affect retention of AM knowledge and skills.
Perceptions from Athletic Training Students Involved in an Intentional Peer-Assisted Learning Pedagogy
Authors: Bates Dana K. 
Published: January 2017

Context: Peer-assisted learning (PAL) has been shown to benefit students across educational levels. Current research has investigated perceptions of PAL, postgraduate impact, as well as prevalence. This study investigated athletic training students' perceptions of an intentional PAL pedagogy on both the peer-student and peer-tutor. In this study, the peer-tutors had training prior to implementation.Objective: To explore athletic training students' perceptions of an intentional PAL pedagogy.Design: Qualitative study using a phenomenological approach.Setting: Focus group interviews with professional undergraduate athletic training students.Patients or Other Participants: Eleven athletic training students from 1 accredited athletic training program volunteered for this study. Five students (4 females, 1 male) serving as peer-tutors and 6 (5 females, 1 male) peer-students participated in focus group interviews in spring term 2015. The peer-tutors completed training prior to tutoring the peer-students.Main Outcome Measure(s): Focus group interviews were conducted with a structured interview protocol. The peer-student and peer-tutor groups were asked separate questions. Interview data were analyzed inductively to uncover dominant themes, first by organizing the data, then summarizing into codes, and finally interpreting. Credibility was secured through member checking, triangulation, and investigator triangulation.Results: Themes indicated that both peer-students and peer-tutors perceived that, through PAL, they collaborated, built relationships, gained confidence, were exposed to varied techniques, and the PAL pedagogy served as a way to review and practice, which changed their clinical educational experiences. Peer-tutors developed skills in leadership and teaching through their PAL experience.Conclusions: Evidence demonstrated that PAL created a learning environment in the student's clinical educational experiences that involved collaboration, relationships, confidence building, and more time for review and practice.
Prediction Modeling for Academic Success in Professional Master's Athletic Training Programs
Authors: Bruce Scott L. , Crawford Elizabeth , Wilkerson Gary B. , Rausch David , Dale R. Barry , Harris Martina 
Published: January 2017

Context: A common goal of professional education programs is to recruit the students best suited for the professional career. Selection of students can be a difficult process, especially if the number of qualified candidates exceeds the number of available positions. The ability to predict academic success in any profession has been a challenging proposition. No studies to date have examined admission predictors of professional master's athletic training programs (PMATP).Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify program applicant characteristics that are most likely to predict academic success within a PMATP.Design: Cohort-based.Setting: University professional PMATP.Patients or Other Participants: A cohort of 119 students who attended a PMATP for at least 1 year.Intervention(s): Common application data from subjects' applications to the university and the PMATP were gathered and used to create the prediction models.Main Outcome Measure(s): Sensitivity, specificity, odds ratio, and relative frequency of success were used to determine the strongest set of predictors.Results: Multiple logistic regression analyses yielded a 3-factor model for prediction of success in the PMATP (undergraduate grade point average ≥ 3.18; Graduate Record Examination quantitative [percentile rank] ≥ 141.5 [≥12]; taking calculus as an undergraduate). A student with ≥2 predictors had an odds ratio of 17.94 and a relative frequency of success of 2.13 for being successful in the PMATP. This model correctly predicted 90.5% of PMATP success.Conclusions: It is possible to predict academic success in a PMATP based on common application data.
Disseminated gestational choriocarcinoma presenting with hepatic and uveal metastases, hook effect, and choriocarcinoma syndrome
Authors: Aswani Yashant , Thakkar Hemangini , Hira Priya 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChoriocarcinoma is a human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)-secreting tumor that comprises vascular channels. It has a tendency for widespread metastasis, common sites for which include the lung, vagina, brain, liver, bone, intestine, and kidney. We describe a 30-year-old female who presented with hepatitis-like features and bilateral diminution of vision, and subsequently developed hemothorax and hemoperitoneum—all rare and seemingly unrelated manifestations which were finally attributable to metastases from gestational choriocarcinoma. To further complicate the clinical scenario, the serum HCG of the patient was mildly raised (due to a phenomenon called hook effect). Subsequently, the patient developed disseminated intravascular coagulation and succumbed to her illness. In this report, we discuss the imaging findings of choriocarcinoma, its potential sites of metastases, and the hook effect.
Climatic variability in Princess Elizabeth Land (East Antarctica) over the last 350 years
Authors: Ekaykin Alexey A. , Vladimirova Diana O. , Lipenkov Vladimir Y. , Masson-Delmotte Valérie 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. We use isotopic composition (δD) data from six sites in Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL) in order to reconstruct air temperature variability in this sector of East Antarctica over the last 350 years. First, we use the present-day instrumental mean annual surface air temperature data to demonstrate that the studied region (between Russia's Progress, Vostok and Mirny research stations) is characterized by uniform temperature variability. We thus construct a stacked record of the temperature anomaly for the whole sector for the period of 1958–2015. A comparison of this series with the Southern Hemisphere climatic indices shows that the short-term inter-annual temperature variability is primarily governed by the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) modes of atmospheric variability. However, the low-frequency temperature variability (with period  >  27 years) is mainly related to the anomalies of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) mode. We then construct a stacked record of δD for the PEL for the period of 1654–2009 from individual normalized and filtered isotopic records obtained at six different sites (PEL2016 stacked record). We use a linear regression of this record and the stacked PEL temperature record (with an apparent slope of 9 ± 5.4 ‰ °C−1) to convert PEL2016 into a temperature scale. Analysis of PEL2016 shows a 1 ± 0.6 °C warming in this region over the last 3 centuries, with a particularly cold period from the mid-18th to the mid-19th century. A peak of cooling occurred in the 1840s – a feature previously observed in other Antarctic records. We reveal that PEL2016 correlates with a low-frequency component of IOD and suggest that the IOD mode influences the Antarctic climate by modulating the activity of cyclones that bring heat and moisture to Antarctica. We also compare PEL2016 with other Antarctic stacked isotopic records. This work is a contribution to the PAGES (Past Global Changes) and IPICS (International Partnerships in Ice Core Sciences) Antarctica 2k projects.
Creative computing with Landlab: an open-source toolkit for building, coupling, and exploring two-dimensional numerical models of Earth-surface dynamics
Authors: Hobley Daniel E. J. , Adams Jordan M. , Nudurupati Sai Siddhartha , Hutton Eric W. H. , Gasparini Nicole M. , Istanbulluoglu Erkan , Tucker Gregory E. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The ability to model surface processes and to couple them to both subsurface and atmospheric regimes has proven invaluable to research in the Earth and planetary sciences. However, creating a new model typically demands a very large investment of time, and modifying an existing model to address a new problem typically means the new work is constrained to its detriment by model adaptations for a different problem. Landlab is an open-source software framework explicitly designed to accelerate the development of new process models by providing (1) a set of tools and existing grid structures – including both regular and irregular grids – to make it faster and easier to develop new process components, or numerical implementations of physical processes; (2) a suite of stable, modular, and interoperable process components that can be combined to create an integrated model; and (3) a set of tools for data input, output, manipulation, and visualization. A set of example models built with these components is also provided. Landlab's structure makes it ideal not only for fully developed modelling applications but also for model prototyping and classroom use. Because of its modular nature, it can also act as a platform for model intercomparison and epistemic uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. Landlab exposes a standardized model interoperability interface, and is able to couple to third-party models and software. Landlab also offers tools to allow the creation of cellular automata, and allows native coupling of such models to more traditional continuous differential equation-based modules. We illustrate the principles of component coupling in Landlab using a model of landform evolution, a cellular ecohydrologic model, and a flood-wave routing model.