bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the Role of EPX Enzyme and The Prevalenyce of Fasciola Hepatica in Patients with Cholelithiasis
Authors: Sayal Raad Ajam , Mohammed Esraa Jameel 
Published: October 2024

Background : Fascioliasis is a parasitic infection typically caused by Fasciola Hepatica , EPX is one of toxic granules that released by eosinophils in response to infection by this parasite. Aim of study: To determining the epidemiological prevalence of Liver fluke (Fasciola Hepatica ) in patients suffering from gallstones and assessment of serum concentrations of eosinophil marker in these patients and control groups by ELISA. technique. Methodology: Case control study design, included 140 participants, 70 of them included as cases (suffered from Cholelithiasis), and 70 of them included as controls. History of the study was from beginning of October 2023 to end of January 2024, all participants were attending to Al-Sader Medical City/Digestive System Unit, Al-Hakeem Hospital and Al-Haidarya Hospital. Two samples (stool and 5 ml serum) were taken from each participant for microscopic detection of F. hepatica and for measure immune parameter EPX by ELISA, respectively. Results: It was found that there is a statistically significant difference between patients with liver fluke (Fasciola Hepatica ), where the percentage of patients with liver fluke (Fasciola Hepatica ) was 10%. Only 90% of participants suffering from gallstones were negative for this parasite. There was statistically significant (p-value= 0.0001), increase in mean concentration of the parameters (EPX,) between the two groups of patients (29.1±14.04 ng/ml,) and the control (16.76±6.16 ng/ml,) respectively. And there was a known increase in the mean concentration of immune parameter in the serum of patients infected with the parasite (EPX: 56.88±6.78 ng/ml,) compared to their concentration in patients not infected with the parasite. Conclusions: Only 10% of 90% of Cholelithiasis patients in the immediate study were diagnosed positive for F. hepatica parasite. There was increased in study parameter (EPX,) significantly in group of cholelithiasis patients other than control group.
Hydrochemical Assessment of Tigris River for Irrigation Purposes within Baghdad Province, Iraq
Authors: Ibraheem Aqeel Khaleel , Majeed Osama S. 
Published: October 2024

The aims of this study are (1) to determine whether Tigris River water is suitable for irrigation using specific irrigation indices. (2) Analysis of thirteen hydrochemical parameters, including pH, EC, TDS, , , , , , , , , TA and as total hardness. Also, seven irrigation water quality indices were used: Magnesium Hazard (MH), Kelly's Index (KI), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Percentage (Na%), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Potential Salinity (PS), and Sodium Hazard (SH), supported by the most specific irrigation diagrams (Piper, USSL and Wilcox). Samples were taken monthly from twelve different sites along the river for two consecutive years (2021-2022). The results revealed that the water is suitable for irrigation chemically according to SAR, Na%, SSP, KI, and MH, except for PS due to high levels of sulfate and chloride ions. Furthermore, the USSL diagram indicated Irrigation water quality, that 100% of water samples taken from the Tigris fell into the appropriate class within 2021. While in 2022, 83.33% of samples were within the appropriate class (C3-S1). According to the Wilcox diagram, 91.66% and 83.33% among the water samples within a good class (low sodium and moderate salinity) for two consecutive years
Evaluate the Role of A. Baumannii in Promoting Inflammation and Meningitis-Related Genes in Various Immune Cells
Authors: Mukhlif Rafal Majid , Noomi Bashar Sadiq 
Published: October 2024

The role of Acinetobacter baumannii in promoting inflammation in spleenocyte and lymph node cells has been studied by detecting the gene expression of four different genes that are related to meningitis, which was performed after treatment of laboratory animal cells with dead cells of A. baumannii, the results of gene expression by using Real Time- Quantitative PCR and graph prism software exhibited the presence of statistical differences between A. baumannii treated and non-treated laboratory animal cells. All genes showed an expression between one and a half (1.5) to more than 40 (>40) fold change. The NLRP has expression in the spleen and lymph nodes between the (2-10) folds, which increase after being activated with killed A. baumannii cells. NF Kappa B has expression in the spleen and lymph nodes between (1.5-6) fold increase after being activated with killed A. baumanniicells. GMCSF has expression in the spleen and lymph nodes between (30-40) fold increase after being activated with killed A. baumannii cells. IL-1B has expression in the spleen and lymph nodes between (4.5-40) fold increase after being activated with killed A. baumannii cells.
Postoperative Complications After Gynecological Surgry in Al Kut City
Authors: Khudaer Tabark Salman , AL-Sarray Atta Ah Mousa , Rasheed Qahtan Adnan 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Post-operative problems are common. How the complications develop depends on the kind of operation, the preoperative treatment, and the patient's pre-existing comorbid condition. Problems following surgery can be divide into two categories: general and procedure-specific, as well as having emerged promptly, early, or late. Objectives: To determine the postoperative complications type after gynecological surgery in AL-Kut city. Methodology: A cross-sectional study had carried out in AL-Kut City, at the AL-Zahraa Teching Hospital and AL-Kut Hospital for Gynecology and Pediatrics. The seven-month data collection period started on October 16, 2023, and ended on May 16, 2024. Results: 400 female participants, ranging in age from 13 to 72, were be studied. The age distribution of the patients was 31.5 ±10, with the age group 24-34 accounting for the largest percentage of patients (41%) and the age group over 45 accounting for the lowest percentage (7.8%). In terms of marital status, the largest proportion of women (96.2%) were married, while the lowest (1.3%) were widowed. 51.2% of patients lived in urban areas, compared to 48.8% in rural ones. Patients with two to three children had the highest number of parities (34.8%), whereas 18% of patients did not have any parties. 31.8% of patients had an abortion, whereas 68.3% did not. Of which 44.3% had considered as normal BMI, 34.5% of people are overweight, 12% belong to the obese I, 4.3% to the obese II, and 4.5% are morbidly obese. Based on the patients' past medical history, hypertension was the most common ailment detected, accounting for 30.3% of cases (chronic HTN 13%, gestational HTN 17.3%), while diabetes patients made up 9.5% (chronic D.M. 6.5%, gestational D.M. 3%). Classification of Complications: 90.3% of complications occurred within 48 hours, whereas 51.3% developed intraoperative complications. Finally, 50.2% of patients experienced a late problem 48 hours later. Conclusion: The study discovered a link between complications after gynecologic surgery and pre-operative blood transfusion and hospital stay. Hemorrhage, anesthesia difficulties, and cardiac arrhythmia were significant, were the most common late complications among the patients. On the other hand, late complications had linked to surgical duration, number of parities, and age.
Therapeutic Effect of Nano-Extract of Nigella Sativa Seeds on The Histological Structure of The Testis In Male Albino Rats Induced With Anemia
Authors: Hasnawi Noor M. , Mohammed Jabbar Abadi 
Published: October 2024

Background: The study explores the effect of nanoparticles derived from the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds on the histological structure of the testis in male albino rats with tartrazine-induced anemia. Nanoparticles, ranging in size from 1 to 100 nanometers, possess unique physical and chemical properties that enhance their ability to interact and deliver drugs. Objective: This study focuses on the therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa seed extract nanoparticles in treating testicular histological changes in anemic rats. The testicle is an oval organ involved in sperm formation and hormone production. It contains seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells, which are responsible for sperm production and testosterone synthesis. Methods: The study included 36 male albino mice, aged between 8-12 weeks, and weighing 240-260 grams, from the Iraqi Center for Cancer Research and Medical Genetics. The animals were divided into six groups, each group having six animals. Results: The study showed that tartrazine at a concentration of 20 mg/kg: with Nigella sativa nanoparticles 50 mg/kg: an increase in weight. the body. While tartrazine at a concentration of 20 mg/kg with N.sativa nanoparticles at 75 mg/kg did not show significant differences compared with the control group. The results showed the Nigella sativa seed nanoparticles at a concentration of (50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg): showed an increase in body weight, while tartrazine at a concentration of 20 mg/kg: a decrease in body weight, and no significant changes were observed in testicle weight in all treatments compared with the control group. Non-significant changes in testicle weight compare with Control group. The study showed that treatment with tartrazine 20 mg/kg showed noticeable histological changes in the histological structure of the testicle. Tartrazine with N.sativa nanoparticles (50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg): No histological changes, indicating attenuation of tartrazine-induced damage. N.sativa nanoparticles (50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg): demonstrated normal composition of testicular tissue, indicating no harmful effects on testicular tissue. has protective effects. Conclusion:The study aimed to investigate the potential of using nanoparticles extracted from Nigella sativa seeds to protect against damage caused by tartrazine in male albino rats.with significant therapeutic implications for the use of natural antioxidants in biomedical applications.
Effect of Hamstring Active Release Technique in Cervicogenic Headache
Authors: Mohammed Samar A. , Sayed Wadida H. El , Atta Hanaa K. , Abdallah Ghada A. 
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To investigate the effect of Hamstring active release technique on pain intensity level, headache intensity, pressure pain threshold, cervical flexion rotation range of motion and Hamstring flexibility in patients with cervicogenic headache. Methods: Fifty-six patients with cervicogenic headache participated in the study, aged 25-45 years. Patients were randomized into two groups of 28 individuals each. Group A was given conventional physiotherapy only in the form of ultrasonic therapy, stretching as well as strengthening exercises. Group B was given conventional physiotherapy and active release technique for Hamstring. Each group was treated three times a week for one month. Pain intensity level, headache intensity, pressure pain threshold of Sub-occipital and Hamstring muscles trigger points, cervical flexion rotation range of motion and Hamstring flexibility were measured by visual analogue scale, the Arabic version of 6-item headache impact test, digital pressure algometry, CROM device and straight leg raising test respectively, pre and post-treatment. Results: Within group comparison showed significant difference in pain intensity level, headache intensity, pressure pain threshold of Sub-occipital and Hamstring muscles, cervical flexion rotation range of motion and Hamstring flexibility. Between groups comparison showed no significant difference in all variables, pre-study. Where a significant difference in all variables, post study, in favor of group B except right and left cervical flexion rotation range of motion. Conclusion: Hamstring active release technique improves pain intensity level, headache intensity, pressure pain threshold and Hamstring flexibility, in patients with cervicogenic headache.
Relationship Between Happiness, Culture, Socio-Economic Status, And Religious Coping Among Muslim Women Students Residing In Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Zainab Lawal Ibrahi  , Abdulmumini INDA  , Aqeel Khan  , Sanitah Bte Mohd Yusof  , Noor Azean Binti Atan  
Published: October 2024

The goal of happiness is to have a stress-free and functional society. Yet, stress from cultural and socio-economic factors may arise when Muslim women student’s issues are discussed within society practices; which has resulted in illiteracy in Nigeria due to low enrolment attendance and school completion rates. Despite this, the World Happiness Report (WHR, 2023) ranked Nigeria as 95th happiest country in the world, and the fifth happiest country in Africa. Nevertheless, not many researches on happiness among Muslim women students in Northern Nigeria have been reported. This study investigated the relationship between happiness, culture, socio-economic status (SES), and religious coping, among Muslim women students at the Women Centre for Continuing Education (WCCE), in Sokoto, Northern Nigeria. A total number of 269 Muslim women students were selected to participate in this study using purposive random sampling. Instruments namely Orientation to Happiness Scale (OHS), Cultural Questionnaire for Women, (CQW), Socio-Economic Status Scale (SESS), Islamic Religious Coping Scale (RCOPE) were used for data collection. The total Cronbach’s alpha Coefficiency was 0.937, which was found to be reliable. The results were analysed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The measurement model was evaluated using items loading of average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR). The findings of this study showed that the direct relationship of culture, socio-economic status and religious coping towards happiness were significant. As a conclusion, this study provides useful information for counsellors who can assist their clients in improving and maintaining their positive religious coping practices, as well as their ability to encounter positive feelings, engage in Islamic practices, have a meaningful life, and cope with stressors. Future research on happiness in other Northern states of Nigeria is recommended.
Molecular Detection of Microsporum Canis Infection in Cats in Baghdad Governorate
Authors: Bidewy Marwah Abdul Hassan , Hasso Saleem Amin 
Published: October 2024

Microsporum canis is a keratinized skin fungus that causes diseases in all animals, especially in cats. It is able to infected human causes Tinea corporis and Tinea capitis. In this study,the aim was toward detection and confirmation of Microsporum canis infection in cats in Baghdad governorate using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The diagnosis depend on sequencing of the PCR products obtained by using a universal primer to amplification of the primer DppV which was 895 bp.A total of two hundred and eighty three hair and skin scraping samples were collected from infected cats with and without skin lesions. Preliminarily examined of samples with 10% KOH preparation, and cultured for fungal identification . For the culture; Saboruad dextrose agar was used . Culture results showed that four isolates were positive for M. canis , the best growth of these isolates was confirmed by PCR and DPPV gene then sequencing of this gene. PCR technique showed that one isolate from the total of 283 isolates were assured for the DPPV gene and yielded a band at 895 bp, this finding is regarded as distinctive for the genus Microsporum canis ,which was dumped in the GenBank nucleotide sequence database under accession number OR126262. Results sequencing of this gene in Iraq revealed compatibility with global results in USA and Belgium.
Observations In Police Records And Their Prospection To Tutelas De Derecho In Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Hilter Suarez Peña, 
Published: October 2024

The main objective of the research was to analyze the normative limits to establish party observations in police records as part of the exercise of the right to defense and its prospection to protect rights in criminal proceedings. The results of the investigation showed that Peru continues to suffer the effects of abusive police activity that generates irreparable damage to the human essence of the people intervened in an abusive manner or without respect for their fundamental rights because they develop within them a criterion of abusiveness and disproportionality in the treatment by the intervening police officers. For this reason, the investigation establishes the importance of the right to write the observations of the detainee or his defense in the police records in order to denounce on the spot the abuses or arbitrariness committed during the proceedings, since, in most cases, there is a nonsense in the exercise of the function and it is established that the detainee refused to sign the report. It was concluded that there are problems related to arbitrariness in the exercise of police functions that are not reported in a timely manner by the victims, generating mistrust against the authorities and public institutions.
Prevalence and Association of Obesity, Depression, and Psychological Stress Among the Population of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alreshidi Nahlah Fahad , Alenzi Hailah , Alrashidi Rasha , Aljaloud Luluh 
Published: October 2024

Background: Obesity, stress, and depression are widespread global issues that have a significant impact on people's personal and public health. Studies reveal that the incidence of anxiety and sadness is significantly higher in obese people. Purpose: This study aimed to find ‏the prevalence and association of obesity, depression, and psychological stress among the population of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving the society in general Saudi Arabian population that was conducted. A self-administered questionnaire is disseminated to the populace through an online platform. Results: About 72.1 percent of the 1075 respondents were female, while 52.6 percent were between the ages of 21 and 30. The proportion of obese individuals amounted to 20.6%. In contrast to melancholy (39.4%), psychological tension was present at a prevalence of 77.8%. A statistically significant correlation was observed between stress and depression; however, no such correlation was found between depression and overweight or obesity. Conclusion: Our study indicates that, contrary to what the literature suggests, numerous stressors rather than melancholy may be the cause of obesity rather than a risk factor for the condition. Further investigation is required to ascertain the correlation between psychological tension, obesity, and melancholy.
Correlation of Seminal Plasma EMMPRIN Levels with Sperm Quality and the Efficacy of Activation Techniques
Authors: Othman Omaima Akram , Al-Essawe Essraa Mohsen , Jawad Mufeda Ali 
Published: October 2024

Background: Infertility is a major global health challenge, impacting 15% to 20% of couples globally. Male infertility, which is typically associated with issues such as low sperm motility, has increased during the last two decades. Male fertility relies heavily on the development of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), a glycosylated transmembrane protein involved in sperm function and embryo implantation. Understanding how sperm preparation techniques affect sperm quality and EMMPRIN expression is crucial for achieving optimal results in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Objective: To investigate EMMPRIN expression in human sperm and compare the impact of two in vitro sperm preparation procedures, “direct swim-up (DSU) and pellet swim-up (PSU), on various sperm characteristics. To determine the optimum technique for improving sperm quality in ART. Materials and Methods: Masturbation was employed to collect sperm samples from 44 participants (aged 21 to 45). Following liquefaction, samples were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically in accordance with WHO 2021 guidelines. The samples were separated into three aliquots for ELISA assessment of EMMPRIN levels and sperm processing with DSU and PSU techniques. Sperm chromatin immaturity (SCI) was assessed using Aniline Blue staining. Statistical investigations were carried out to determine the correlations between EMMPRIN levels, semen parameters, and the impacts of the two in vitro sperm preparation techniques. Results: Sperm concentration significantly decreased from control (40.25 ± 2.30) to DSU (15.51 ± 1.74) and PSU (9.99 ± 1.16) conditions. However, motility, morphology, and SCI significantly improved, particularly with PSU, which showed a greater reduction in SCI % compared to DSU, indicating its effectiveness in selecting higher-quality sperm. There were no significant associations detected between EMMPRIN levels with semen metrics, although PSU exhibited a slightly higher association with improved sperm parameters. Conclusion: Seminal plasma EMMPRIN levels do not appear to directly influence semen parameters or sperm chromatin maturity. However, the choice of sperm activation technique, particularly PSU, significantly impacts sperm quality. More research is needed to better understand the importance of EMMPRIN in ART outcomes and its potential as a sperm quality indicator.
Preparation Protein Hydrolysate From Moringa Oleifera and Its Use as Fortified Vegetarian Food
Authors: Abbas Ayat Adnan 
Published: October 2024

The moringa oleifera tree is known as a "miracle tree" because of its abundance in certain macro and micronutrients that are crucial to human nutrition. Depending on the cultivar and origin, the chemical makeup of the various Moringa tree sections might change. There are several uses for M. oleifera leaves, seeds, and flowers in food. Protein isolate from seed flour and protease extraction from leaves were prepared for this investigation. The protein was then partially purified using ammonium sulphate with saturated 75% and dialyzed, after which the specific activity (22.161, 65.422, and 115.064 U/mg) was recorded. Protease was used to create the protein hydrolysate through enzymatic hydrolysis, and the DPPH technique was used to calculate the antioxidant activity. Amino acid analysis and FTIR were determined. Lastly, moringa protein hydrolysate was introduced to the product, such as putties, in place of the moringa instead of the meat.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Stigmasterol from Iraqi Calendula officinalis
Authors: Ali Zainab Aziz , Alani Widad MK , Hasan Hiba Ali 
Published: October 2024

Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) plant origin from Mediterranean countries, and in addition to the beauty of its flowers they also have important medicinal properties in the healing of many illnesses particularly skin issues. C. officinalis in the world was reported and assessed as a medicinal plant, like British pharmacopoeia (BP), European pharmacopoeia (EU), WHO and PDR. Calendula officinalis Linn. Contains 0.4% of flavonoids as minimum, calculated as Hyperoside of dried herbal substance according to British pharmacopeia (2). The Chemical Constituents are: Triterpene saponins, Triterpene (Stigmasterol), Flavonoids: isorhamnetin glycosides and quercetin glycosides, Coumarins: umbelliferon, scopoletin and aesculetin, Carotenoids: mainly zeaxanthin and Lutein (5). Stigmasterol is an essential ingredient that has been isolated from plants. Stigmasterol considered a progesterone precursor and serves as an intermediate in corticoids, androgens estrogens biosynthesis (10) and vitamin D3 synthesis (3). Stigmasterol is a triterpenes C30-derive phytosterol, naturally happening C28 and C29 carbon steroid alcohols that is similar to cholesterol in structure as well as biological activity (4).in this study Stigmasterol was identified by TLC, Mass analysis. Structure elucidation was performed using, FTIR and Mass analysis. The quantity of Stigmasterol was measured in the Iraqi plant.