bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State estimation and prediction using clustered particle filters
Authors: Lee Yoonsang , Majda Andrew J. 
Published: December 2016

Significance
Particle filtering is an essential tool for the estimation and prediction of complex systems including non-Gaussian features. A class of particle filters, clustered particle filters, is introduced for high-dimensional dynamical systems such as geophysical systems. The proposed method uses relatively few particles compared with the standard particle filter and captures the non-Gaussian features of the true signal, which are typical in complex nonlinear systems. The method is also robust for the difficult regime of high-quality sparse and infrequent observations and does not show any filter divergence in our tests. In the clustered particle filter, coarse-grained localization is implemented through the clustering of state variables and particles are adjusted to stabilize the filter.
Chromosome instability drives phenotypic switching to metastasis
Authors: Gao ChongFeng , Su Yanli , Koeman Julie , Haak Elizabeth , Dykema Karl , Essenberg Curt , Hudson Eric , Petillo David , Khoo Sok Kean , Vande Woude George F. 
Published: December 2016

Significance
Chromosome instability and its resulting karyotypic heterogeneity make up one of the most striking characteristics of human cancers. Yet whether chromosome loss or gain drives tumor progression to metastasis remains unknown. Here we show that clonal populations of epithelial cells spontaneously generate mesenchymal variants. These variants have potential for reverting to an epithelial phenotype. Importantly, we show that the successive phenotypic variants selectively eliminate or acquire chromosome segments that harbor genes encoding intercellular junctional proteins and their regulators. Thus, tumor metastasis can be a clonal process driven by chromosome instability.
Reducing Size Variation in Hybrid Catfish Culture through Graded Partial Harvest
Authors: Mischke Charles C , Brown Travis W , Tucker Craig S , Torrans E Les 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Hybrid catfish (female Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus × male Blue Catfish I. furcatus) have quickly become a major contributor to ictalurid catfish aquaculture in the United States. Hybrid catfish have unique production characteristics compared with Channel Catfish, and rapid adoption of the hybrid by fish farmers has outpaced research on appropriate management practices. This study was conducted to determine the effect of midsummer partial harvest of faster-growing fish on production characteristics in ponds with hybrid catfish in single-batch culture. Twelve 1.0-acre ponds were stocked with 10,000 year-class 1 hybrid catfish (~0.12 lb/fish) in mid-March 2015. In August 2015, six random ponds were partially harvested to remove fish larger than ~1.25 lb using an in-pond, flexible-panel, grading sock. In October 2015, all ponds were completely harvested. Partial harvest of faster-growing fish removed ~26% of fish from ponds in August. Removal of faster-growing fish resulted in 0.9% of the total crop considered “out-of-size” (&gt;4 lb/fish) and subject to discounts, compared with 2.1% of the fish from the control ponds. However, reduction of fish numbers by midsummer partial harvest reduced overall production by an average of 16% in the partial-harvest treatment compared with control ponds. Overall, partial harvest of faster-growing fish in midsummer reduced the overall biomass of discounted, out-of-size fish. Higher production in control ponds resulted in greater net revenue.
Analysis of Physical Properties and Mineralogical of Pyrolysis Tires Rubber Ash Compared Natural Sand in Concrete material
Authors: Senin Mohamad Syamir , Shahidan Shahiron , Leman Alif Syazani , Hannan Nurul Izzati Raihan Ramzi 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Waste tires pose significant health and environmental concerns if not recycled or discarded properly. At the same time, natural sand is becoming scarcer and costlier due to its non-availability. Waste tires as fine aggregate can be an economical and sustainable alternative to the natural sand. Recent years, the interest on recycling waste tires into civil engineering applications by the researchers has increased. In this research, the chemical and physical properties of the tires rubber ash and the natural sand have been analysed. The densities of the rubber ash are lower than the natural sand. Rubber ash had finer particle size compared to the natural sand. Almost all chemical in the natural sand had in rubber ash with the additional sulphur trioxide and zinc oxide in the rubber ash, made the rubber ash better than natural sand. Rubber ash seems to be a suitable material to use in concrete as sand replacement.
ProTEK PSB as Biotechnology Photosensitive Protection Mask on 3C-SiC-on-Si in MEMS Sensor
Authors: Marsi N , Majlis B Y , Mohd-Yasin F , Hamzah A A , Rus A Z Mohd 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This project presents the fabrication of MEMS employing a cubic silicon carbide (3C- SiC) on silicon wafer using newly developed ProTEK PSB as biotechnology photosensitive protection mask. This new biotechnology can reduce the number of processes and simplify the process flow with minimal impact on overall undercut performance. The 680 pm thick wafer is back-etched, leaving the 3C-SiC thin film with a thickness of 1.0 μm as the flexible diaphragm to detect pressure. The effect of the new coating of ProTEK PSB on different KOH solvents were investigated depending on various factors such as development time, final cure temperature and the thickness of the ProTEK PSB deposited layer. It is found that 6.174 μm thickness of ProTEK PSB offers some possibility of reducing the processing time compared to silicon nitride etch masks in KOH (55%wt, 80°C). The new ProTEK PSB biotechnology photosensitive protection mask indicates good stability and sustains its performance in different treatments under KOH and IPA for 8 hours. This work also revealed that the fabrication of MEMS sensors using the new biotechnology photosensitive protection mask provides a simple assembly approach and reduces manufacturing costs. The MEMS sensor can operate up to 500 °C as indicated under the sensitivity of 0.826 pF/MPa with nonlinearity and hysteresis of 0.61% and 3.13%, respectively.
BBIS: Beacon Bus Information System
Authors: Kasim Shahreen , Hafit Hanayanti , Juin Kong Pei , Afif Zehan Afizah , Hashim Rathiah , Ruslai Husni , Jahidin Kamaruzzaman , Arshad Mohammad Syafwan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Lack of bus information for example bus timetable, status of the bus and messy advertisement on bulletin board at the bus stop will give negative impact to tourist. Therefore, a real-time update bus information bulletin board provides all information needed so that passengers can save their bus information searching time. Supported with Android or iOS, Beacon Bus Information System (BBIS) provides bus information between Batu Pahat and Kluang area. BBIS is a system that implements physical web technology and interaction on demand. It built on Backend-as-a-Service, a cloud solution and Firebase non relational database as data persistence backend and syncs between user client in the real-time. People walk through bus stop with smart device and do not require any application. Bluetooth Beacon is used to achieve smart device's best performance of data sharing. Intellij IDEA 15 is one of the tools that that used to develop the BBIS system. Multi-language included front end and backend supported Integration development environment (IDE) helped to speed up integration process.
High Frequency of Variants of Candidate Genes in Black Africans with Low Renin-Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Jones Erika S. , Spence J. David , Mcintyre Adam D. , Nondi Justus , Gogo Kennedy , Akintunde Adeseye , Hackam Daniel G. , Rayner Brian L. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Black subjects tend to retain salt and water, be more sensitive to aldosterone, and have suppression of plasma renin activity. Variants of the renal sodium channel (ENaC, SCNN1B) account for approximately 6% of resistant hypertension (RHT) in Blacks; other candidate genes may be important.

METHODS
Six candidate genes associated with low renin-resistant hypertension were sequenced in Black Africans from clinics in Kenya and South Africa. CYP11B2 was sequenced if the aldosterone level was high (primary aldosteronism phenotype); SCNN1B, NEDD4L, GRK4, UMOD, and NPPA genes were sequenced if the aldosterone level was low (Liddle phenotype).

RESULTS
There were 14 nonsynonymous variants (NSVs) of CYP11B2: 3 previously described and associated with alterations in aldosterone synthase production (R87G, V386A, and G435S). Out of 14, 9 variants were found in all 9 patients sequenced. There were 4 NSV of GRK4 (R65L, A116T, A142V, V486A): at least one was found in all 9 patients; 3 were previously described and associated with hypertension. There were 3 NSV of SCNN1B (R206Q, G442V, and R563Q); 2 previously described and 1 associated with hypertension. NPPA was found to have 1 NSV (V32M), not previously described and NEDD4L did not have any variants. UMOD had 3 NSV: D25G, L180V, and T585I.

CONCLUSIONS
A phenotypic approach to investigating the genetic architecture of RHT uncovered a surprisingly high yield of variants in candidate genes. These preliminary findings suggest that this novel approach may assist in understanding the genetic architecture of RHT in Blacks and explain their two fold risk of stroke.
Who was the ‘New Woman’?
Authors: Richardson Angelique 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This chapter explores the history of the term ‘New Woman’ and its use by women writers and their supporters and detractors in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing on periodicals and the work of novelists, short story writers, and playwrights from Schreiner to Shaw, it considers the various positions embraced by the term and relates the motivations and approaches of the men and women who wrote about the New Woman to wider social and political concerns. Exploring the treatment of the New Woman in the novel, her pivotal role in the development of the short story, her presence on the stage, and popular representations, the chapter also examines the Edwardian sharpening of questions of class, labour, and suffrage and the ways in which this informed expressions of feminism. The chapter concludes by positioning the New Woman in relation to both modernism and a more pragmatic aesthetic.
Naturalism, Realism, and Impressionism
Authors: Parkes Adam 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Beginning with the legacy of nineteenth-century realism, this essay traces the emergence of specifically literary notions of naturalism and Impressionism in British and Irish writing of the long fin de siècle. While noting theoretical differences between naturalism and Impressionism, special attention is paid to how often they overlap in the literary practice of such authors as Henry James, George Moore, John Galsworthy, Virginia Woolf, Ford Madox Ford, Jean Rhys, and James Joyce. Impressionists and naturalists often use the same metaphors and settings; some works usually associated with Impressionism are governed by naturalistic plots. At the same time, realism never really dissolves; it persists and renews itself even in some of modernism’s most experimental narratives.
Super-Niches?
Authors: Glover David 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The close of the Victorian era is often regarded as marking the inception of the modern system of popular genres. But an examination of some conspicuous anomalies in recent histories of the nineteenth-century literary field suggests that the emergence of the kinds of generic labels by which readers oriented themselves to the market for popular fiction was a messy, uneven, and never fully completed process. Tracing the pivotal role played by Robert Louis Stevenson in the modernization of romance novels, particularly his influence on the rise of the single volume imperial adventure story, this chapter looks at the latter’s eclipse by two overlapping yet frequently rival domestic subgenres: the spy thriller and the detective story. Genres seldom comprise neat self-contained narrative structures, but are best understood as loose clusters of literary devices, branching off in a variety of competing directions, and creating what critic Franco Moretti has called ‘super-niches’.
Spirit Worlds
Authors: Kontou Tatiana 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In 1882 the Society for Psychical Research was established to examine phenomena such as ‘spirit communication’, ‘thought transference’, ‘hypnosis’, and ‘haunted houses’. Psychical researchers were eager to remove the connotations of sensational, gothic, or supernatural genre writing from their reports and framed their experiments within contemporary scientific and technological developments. The empirical terminology employed by the SPR, for example its re-categorizations of ‘ghosts’ as ‘phantasms’ and ‘mediums’ as ‘sensitives’, fuelled the period’s literary imagination. ‘Spirit Worlds’ examines the complicated relationship between genre writing and psychical research. By drawing on the SPR’s proceedings, reports in spiritualist and popular magazines and fictional psychical research accounts I argue that psychical research gave rise to a new literary phenomenon, the psychic detective
Cityscapes
Authors: Scott Laurence 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This chapter expands the concept of the urban by bringing it in relation to hyperspace (the idea of a fourth dimension) and hypostatization (the process of converting abstractions into physical objects), showing how these notions inflected literary representations of the metropolis and gave them ‘a precarious physicality’. London by the end of the century was ‘an ambiguous site, at once abstract and material’, as shown by writers like Wells, Conrad, Madox Ford, Edwin A. Abbott, Arthur Morrison, Arthur Machen, and Thomas Burke. Taking London as its main example, the chapter seeks to draw a connection between late-Victorian interest in the fourth dimension and contemporaneous literary representations of the cityscape, as writers repeatedly show a troubling concern about the failures of permanent escape through time travel to other dimensions and ultimately reveal ‘the seemingly inevitable solipsism of transcendence’.
Medievalism and Modernity
Authors: Waithe Marcus 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The poignant, ‘out-worn time’ suggested by Yeats’s Celtic Twilight pervades the reception not just of Celticism, but of several other historicist and antiquarian movements active in the late nineteenth century. The image of a ‘twilight’ suggests the last romantic glow of a dying day, and of a world whose vanishing is somehow heightened, or self-conscious. This essay questions the logic in assigning contemporary art movements to ‘the past’. Focusing in particular on medievalism, it argues that this multifarious tendency should be regarded not as a sentimental reversion, but as a distinctive outgrowth of modernity, and an influence on modernism. The essay revisits Nikolaus Pevsner’s influential claim that the Bauhaus derived its insistence on functional form from the example of Morris, Ruskin and Pugin. It also attempts to reconstitute the ‘modernity’ of those who believed that the future—whether architectural, political, or the poetic—must in some degree be ‘medieval’.
Theatre and the Sciences of Mind
Authors: Watt-Smith Tiffany 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis chapter investigates scientists’ attempts to understand the workings of the mind through an exploration of mimicry, the near-universal urge to imitate, which has natural affinities with the stage. It explores the relationship between the scientific interest in mimicry during 1890‒1914 and the practices and problems of theatre, showing how scientific experimentation and theatrical performance mutually informed one another. At this time, psychologists ventured forth from their laboratories into music halls, circuses, and other theatrical venues, interviewed actors, and adopted performance techniques in their own experiments, while theatre itself was assimilating and reflecting scientific ideas about the processes of mind and thought. Tracing the connections running back and forth between theatre and scientific psychology at the fin de siècle, it is argued that, despite increased codification and professionalization, the sciences of mind remained embedded in their wider cultural context.
The Theatre of Hands
Authors: Das Santanu 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The chapter explores a varied body of First World War writing—from the poetry of Owen, Rosenberg, and Thomas to the nursing memoirs of Borden and Bagnold, to the short stories of civilian writers such as D. H. Lawrence and Claire Goll—through the trope of the hand. Going back to the Victorian and Decadent obsession with hands, it traces through close investigative readings the wartime lives and intensities of meaning of the hand—as symbol, signifier, archival trace, or sentient flesh—in trenches, hospitals, and private rooms. Testimony, trauma, agency, sexuality, pain, resilience, resistance, vulnerability, violation, and tenderness are ideas that surface in this chapter as it explores how our selves are made and unmade through the most intimate and communicative of body parts.
Intersexions
Authors: Funke Jana 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The chapter examines late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century literary and scientific constructions of ambiguously and cross-gendered figures, such as the New Woman and the New Man, the male and female dandy, the cross-dresser and transvestite, and the sexual invert. Exploring the shifting relation between literature and sexual science across the period from 1880 to 1920, it highlights frequently overlooked continuities between fin-de-siècle and modernist understandings of gender and sexuality. It challenges previous scholarship in demonstrating that the scientific and medical views that increasingly shaped literary production in the first decades of the twentieth century did not result in more rigid or limiting understandings of gender and sexuality. On the contrary, scientific and medical debates emerged in tandem with literary writing and, in turn, shaped modernist understandings of the gendered and sexual self, subjectivity, and creativity.
Reading Aestheticism, Decadence, and Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Mendelssohn Michèle 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This chapter traces the development of cosmopolitan and transnational sensibilities later emphasized by twentieth-century writers such as Joseph Conrad and E. M. Forster. Ranging from Anglo-American aesthetes including Oscar Wilde, Henry James, Walter Pater, and Michael Field to French Decadents like Charles Baudelaire and Joris-Karl Huysmans, the chapter demonstrates the Zeitgeist’s dependence on what Conrad called ‘the latent feeling of fellowship with all creation’. Style, synaesthesia, and ekphrasis were among the tools writers employed to emphasize the multivalent nature of their politics and aesthetics. In doing so, however, they hearkened back to the politicized aesthetics underscored earlier in the nineteenth century in the works of John Ruskin, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels. Current critical practice shares many of the concerns of these writers: it is therefore necessary to preserve modes of reading that attend to stifled, marginalized voices because of the salutary socio-political lessons they can teach our discipline.
The Coming Of Cinema
Authors: Marcus Laura 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
At the end of the nineteenth century, the coming of the cinema had a powerful impact not only on a number of writers but also on broader conceptions of literary representation. Connections with the turn-of-the-century short story were particularly marked, as in works by Rudyard Kipling, and H. G. Wells, and by less familiar writers, such as the American author J. Brander Matthews, whose story ‘The Kinetoscope of Time’ was published in 1895, the year in which the Lumière brothers gave the first public exhibition of their Cinématographe. This chapter explores early commentaries on the new medium of film as well as the entry of cinema into literary texts, including those by Wells, Joseph Conrad, and Virginia Woolf.
Electricity, Telephony, and Communications
Authors: Halliday Sam 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This chapter charts material and conceptual relationships between the three things named within its title, both as these appear historically and as these are represented in literary texts. It shows how the telephone and other electrical technologies are part of ‘media ecologies,’ some of which are older than and extrinsic to electrical technology itself. Among the authors looked at who reveal how media technologies both enable and impede communications are D. H. Lawrence, Bram Stoker, and Henry James. In addition to these figures, the chapter looks at telephony’s depiction by Theodore Dreiser, Wyndham Lewis, Mark Twain, Ford Madox Ford, and Robert Frost, and the theory of ‘communication’ advanced in 1894 by American sociologist Charles Horton Cooley. The chapter concludes with analyses of postal and other communications in novels by James and E. M. Forster, and in Oscar Wilde’s De Profundis.
Death Drives
Authors: Evangelista Stefano 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article argues that Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of the death drive in Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920) is in dialogue with a set of aesthetic and philosophical principles that inform literary Decadence around the turn of the century. It starts from an analysis of August Weismann’s scientific studies of evolution and mortality, developed in the late nineteenth century, which were influential with Freud. It then studies the features of a perverse desire for death that are found in the works of a number of key writers associated with Decadence, including Charles Baudelaire, Michael Field, A. E. Housman, Walter Pater, A. C. Swinburne, Oscar Wilde, and W. B. Yeats. Particular attention is paid to the connection between death and sexual desire and identity.
Cultures of the Avant-Garde
Authors: Hadjiyiannis Christos 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This essay considers the early twentieth-century London avant-garde, concentrating specifically on the early poetics of T. E. Hulme, Ezra Pound, and their circle. In calling for experimentation with ‘regular’ forms and a new modern mode of composition, these avant-gardistes sought to capture the changing ‘spirit’ of their time, which, they felt, existing forms and techniques could no longer accommodate. What unites the different avant-garde practices of the time is the belief that poetry (art in general) ought to spearhead all means of communication. This conviction underlies the avant-garde distinction between ‘prose’ (or conventional language) and ‘poetry’ (direct, immediate, language), an opposition which, in turn, at least in the case of Hulme and Pound, carries severe ideological implications.
Emerging Poetic Forms
Authors: Sullivan Hannah 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis chapter fastens on the ‘first moment in literary history when poetry was not expected to follow fixed, inherited, generically specific rules about scansion, line length, syllable weight, or rhyme’—a moment when poetry blossomed in a remarkable efflorescence of prosodic and musical experiment, as represented by Eliot, Dobson, Dowson, Pound, Whitman, and others. The First World War invigorated the writing and reading of poetry but it also had a recursive effect on form and diction. By the 1920s, it is contended, poetry was at a three-way stand-off between modish vers libre, the consoling traditional poetic forms of the soldier poets, and the increasingly complex experiments and pastiches of the avant-garde.