bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Nitride Grafted Cobalt Complex (Co@npg‐C3N4) for Visible Light−Assisted Esterification of Aldehydes
Authors: Kumar Anurag , Kumar Pawan , Pathak Abhishek Kumar , Chokkapu Appala Naidu , Jain Suman L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAzide containing bipyridine complex of cobalt was grafted to the propargylated nanoporous graphitic carbon nitride (npg‐C3N4) via click reaction to obtain heterogenized photocatalyst which could efficiently provide direct esterification of aldehydes under visible light irradiation at room temperature. The use of click reaction as grafting strategy provided covalent attachment of the cobalt complex to support which not only provided higher loading but also precluded the leaching. Furthermore, the presence of carbon nitride support exhibited synergistic effect to enhance the reaction rate. In addition, the milder basic nature of nitrogen containing graphitic support provided efficient ester synthesis without the need for an external base. The synthesized photocatalyst was found to be quite robust which could easily be recovered and reused several times without significantly losing activity.
Membrane Selectivity Determines Energetic Losses for Ion Transport in Bioelectrochemical Systems
Authors: Sleutels Tom H. J. A. , ter Heijne Annemiek , Kuntke Philipp , Buisman Cees J. N. , Hamelers Hubertus V. M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIon transport through ion exchange membranes in Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) is different from other electrochemical cells as a result of the complex nature of the electrolyte, as the electrolytes in BESs contain many other cations and anions than H+ and OH−. Moreover, these other cations and anions are generally present in high concentrations and therefore determine the ion transport through the membrane. In this work, we provide a theoretical framework for understanding ion transport across ion exchange membranes in BESs. We show that the transport of cations and anions other than H+ and OH− determines the pH gradient between anode and cathode, and on top of that, also determines the membrane potential. Experimental data for microbial electrolysis cells with cation and anion exchange membranes are used to support the theoretical framework. In case of cation exchange membranes, the total potential loss consists of both the pH gradient and the concentration gradient of other cations, while in case of anion exchange membranes, the total potential loss is lower because part of the pH gradient loss can be recovered at the membrane. The presented work provides a better theoretical understanding of ion transport through ion exchange membranes in general and in BESs specifically.
Green Nanospheres Natural Camphor Coated Ferrite as a Highly Efficient Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Maleki Ali , Zand Pedram , Mohseni Zahra 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDihydropyrimidines are synthesized by a one‐pot condensation of an aldehyde, β‐ketoester and urea or thiourea in the presence of Fe3O4@camphor as a new heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst. The nanospheres morphology of the green natural camphor/ferrite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) images, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), N2 adsorption‐desorption by Brunauer–Emmett‐Teller (BET) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analyses. The advantages of this new report are short reaction times, high yields, easy workup, low cost and eco‐friendly protocol. The recoverable nanocatalyst was simply prepared and effectively employed for the one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of dihydropyrimidine derivatives, for the first time, at room temperature.
Conformational Studies of Triazole Based Flexible Molecules: A Comparative Analysis of Crystal Structure and Optimized Structure for DNA Binding Ability
Authors: Kumar Ranjeet , Yadav Pratima , Pal Shiv , Kumar Krishnan R. , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Tewari Ashish K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe present studies deal with design and synthesis of triazole based flexible molecules, their conformational analysis and DNA binding ability. The conformational studies were carried out in solid state through crystal structure and in gaseous state through theoretical calculation. The obtained conformations, found from either crystal structure or optimized most stable conformation from theoretical calculation have been screened for DNA binding ability to find importance of conformation in flexible organic molecules.
Rigid Peptide Scaffold‐Incorporated Structural Analogs of the Potent Antidepressant Peptide Drug Rapastinel (GLYX‐13)
Authors: Nadimpally Krishna Chaitanya , Chakrapani Aswathi , Prabhu Priyanka J , Madica Krishnaprasad , Sanjayan Gangadhar J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAbstract:Rapastinel (GLYX‐13) is a natural amidated tetrapeptide (Thr‐Pro‐Pro‐Thr‐NH2)endowed with strong antidepressant property. Rapastinel shows considerable promise for treating drug‐resistant major depressive disorder (MDD), and is under clinical phase III development. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel class of analogues of the potent antidepressant peptide drug rapastinel featuring rigid dipeptide scaffolds comprising proline (L/D) and amino thiophene carboxylates (Atc). Amino thiophene carboxylate is a conformationally constrained aromatic β‐amino acid, known to rigidify peptide backbones thereby limiting the conformational flexibility of peptides and improving proteolytic stability.
Comparing pre‐commit reviews and post‐commit reviews using process simulation
Authors: Baum Tobias , Kortum Fabian , Schneider Kurt , Brack Arthur , Schauder Jens 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCode review in practice is often performed change‐based, ie, using the code changes belonging to a task to determine which code to review. Previous studies found that 2 variations of this process are used in industry: pre‐commit review and post‐commit review. The choice between these has implications not only for practitioners deciding on a code review process to use but also for the development of review tools and for experimentation with review processes. In some situations, a specific variant is clearly preferable due to the nature of the development process or team. In other situations, there are conflicting opinions. So we asked: Are there practically relevant performance differences between pre and post‐commit reviews? How are these differences influenced by contextual factors? To assess these questions, we designed a parametric discrete event simulation model of certain agile development processes. We validated this model with practitioner's feedback and in part also with empirical data from industry. Our analysis indicates that the best choice does depend on the context but also that there are many situations with no practically relevant difference between both choices. We identified the main influencing factors and underlying effects and condensed our findings into heuristic rules.
Factors Impacting the Formation of 3‐MCPD Esters and Glycidyl Esters During Deep Fat Frying of Chicken Breast Meat
Authors: Wong Yu Hua , Lai Oi Ming , Abas Faridah , Nyam Kar Lin , Nehdi Imededdine Arbi , Muhamad Halimah , Tan Chin Ping 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe effect of the frying temperature, frying duration and the addition of NaCl on the formation of 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters (GE) in palm olein after deep frying was examined in this study. The eight frying systems were deep‐fat frying (at 160 and 180 °C) of chicken breast meat (CBM) (with 0, 1, 3 and 5% sodium chloride, NaCl) for 100 min/day for five consecutive days. All oil samples collected after each day were analyzed for 3‐MCPD ester, GE, and free fatty acid (FFA) contents, specific extinctions at 232 and 268 nm (K232 and K268), p‐anisidine value (pA), and fatty acid composition. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the 3‐MCPD esters and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the GE with the increasing of the frying duration. There were significant (p < 0.05) increases in the 3‐MCPD esters formed when the concentration of NaCl increased from 0 to 5%. The addition of NaCl to the CBM during deep frying had no significant effect on the GE generation. The FFA contents, K232 and K268 and pA showed that all the frying oils were within the safety limit.
Functional neuroimaging of sex differences in autobiographical memory recall in depression
Authors: Young K. D. , Bodurka J. , Drevets W. C. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundFemales are more likely than males to develop major depressive disorder (MDD). The current study used fMRI to compare the neural correlates of autobiographical memory (AM) recall between males and females diagnosed with MDD. AM overgenerality is a persistent cognitive deficit in MDD, the magnitude of which is correlated with depressive severity only in females. Delineating the neurobiological correlates of this deficit may elucidate the nature of sex-differences in the diathesis for developing MDD.MethodsParticipants included unmedicated males and females diagnosed with MDD (n = 20/group), and an age and sex matched healthy control group. AM recall in response to positive, negative, and neutral cue words was compared with a semantic memory task.ResultsThe behavioral properties of AMs did not differ between MDD males and females. In contrast, main effects of sex on cerebral hemodynamic activity were observed in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus during recall of positive specific memories, and middle prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and precuneus during recall of negative specific memories. Moreover, main effects of diagnosis on regional hemodynamic activity were observed in left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and mPFC during positive specific memory recall, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during negative specific memory recall. Sex × diagnosis interactions were evident in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, caudate, and precuneus during positive memory recall, and in the posterior cingulate cortex, insula, precuneus and thalamus during negative specific memory recall.ConclusionsThe differential hemodynamic changes conceivably may reflect sex-specific cognitive strategies during recall of AMs irrespective of the phenomenological properties of those memories.
Production of site and site of production: Herzog & de Meuron's Schaulager and Zumthor's Feldkapelle
Authors: Jenner Ross 
Published: April 2017

This paper seeks to establish a chiasmus between notions of site as something produced and buildings as sites of production. The focus is upon Herzog and De Meuron's Schaulager in Basel, cast from and on the ground of its site, and Peter Zumthor's Bruder Klaus Field Chapel at Wachendorf, cast on local trees in hand-mixed aggregate from the site, trodden in layers by locals. Both buildings involve moulding, where a tangible transposition of site to building is produced by imprint and material transformation.These polarities of site and production, form and matter, trace and transformation are deployed as a heuristic device to unfurl a space for thinking possibilities especially those raised by Gilbert Simondon's distinction between Plato's and Aristotle's concepts of the genesis of things in making- ‘individuation’. The buildings' materials and the mud of the fields, masses worked by hand and foot, take form by not quite taking form; this is the potential of the plastic. The act of making is examined here in imprints and traces through their capacity for signification and, in acts of production, for revealing processes and potentialities remaining after actualisation. Interaction between site and production is found to achieve poetic quality through localisation of materials.
Conflict, contradiction, and concern: judges' evaluation of sustainability in architectural awards
Authors: Oliveira Sonja , Sexton Martin 
Published: April 2017

This paper explores how judges evaluate sustainability of buildings in RIBA award settings in the UK. A qualitative approach drawing on institutional theory is used to understand the ways judges legitimate particular evaluative views. Aesthetics and Sustainability focused logics are found to guide the evaluative legitimation process. An Aesthetics focused logic is characterised by reliance on expertise, ‘professionalism’ and perceptions of fair practice, whereas a Sustainability focused logic prioritises moral responsibility, scientific evidence and personal experience. Evaluating sustainability was characterised by conflict, concern and contradiction between and within the logics. Evaluation here is seen as a process of constant negotiation between conflicting priorities and managing wider expectations. Different perceptions of what counts in terms of judges’ understandings of legitimacy whether from the profession or wider society were found to provide a way of compliance or commitment to a particular evaluative view of sustainability.Implications of the findings are threefold. First, the analysis shows a way of studying sustainability evaluation in the architectural domain that shifts the literature's dominant focus on technical features to a consideration of the social context, the profession, awards and other evaluative issues including aesthetics. Second, the discussion draws attention to the importance of examining understandings of sustainability evaluation in view of the legitimacy sources judges draw on from the profession, the awards or wider society to justify particular decisions. Finally the study reveals some of the often overlooked difficulties in evaluating sustainability including negotiating conflicts between competing values including aesthetics versus sustainability, challenges in judging scientific evidence and the need for expert legitimation regarding sustainability decisions. The paper concludes with a discussion of the contribution of empirical and theoretical analysis of sustainability evaluation for research in awards as well as the built environment more generally including the study of uncertainty in evaluative design practice.
Duplication assessments inBrassicavegetable accessions
Authors: Solberg Svein Øivind , Artemyeva Anna , Yndgaard Flemming , Dorre Malin , Niss Jerker , Burleigh Stephen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThere is extensive duplication of accessions among collection holders globally. To save costs, unwanted duplication should be avoided. This issue has been addressed internationally. In Europe, there are currently 35Brassicacollections located in 24 countries. Duplication may be identified not only by surveying passport data and seed transactions, but also by applying morphological or genetic characterization. Our study included two collections; one at the N. I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources in St. Petersburg (VIR) and one at the Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NGB). A random set of 13 accession pairs or triplets of cabbage, turnip and swede were selected on the basis of identical or similar accession names. The accessions could potentially be regarded as duplicates. Morphological characterization showed that in about 50% the pair/triplet, the accessions were identical and should thus be regarded as duplicate holding. Determining the status of the remaining accessions, which were more or less distinct but had identical or similar names, was more difficult. In this paper, possible explanations for the similarities in names are discussed, as is the need to include characterization in any duplicate assessment process.
DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION OF SOFT-TISSUE STRUCTURES IN FOSSILS
Authors: Lautenschlager Stephan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the last two decades, advances in computational imaging techniques and digital visualization have created novel avenues for the study of fossil organisms. As a result, paleontology has undergone a shift from the pure study of physically preserved bones and teeth, and other hard tissues, to using virtual computer models to study specimens in greater detail, restore incomplete specimens, and perform biomechanical analyses. The rapidly increasing application of these techniques has further paved the way for the digital reconstruction of soft-tissue structures, which are rarely preserved or otherwise available in the fossil record. In this contribution, different types of digital soft-tissue reconstructions are introduced and reviewed. Provided examples include methodological approaches for the reconstruction of musculature, endocranial components (e.g., brain, inner ear, and neurovascular structures), and other soft tissues (e.g., whole-body and life reconstructions). Digital techniques provide versatile tools for the reconstruction of soft tissues, but given the nature of fossil specimens, some limitations and uncertainties remain. Nevertheless, digital reconstructions can provide new information, in particular if interpreted in a phylogenetically grounded framework. Combined with other digital analytical techniques (e.g., finite element analysis [FEA], multibody dynamics analysis [MDA], and computational fluid dynamics [CFD]), soft-tissue reconstructions can be used to elucidate the paleobiology of extinct organisms and to test competing evolutionary hypotheses.
MORPHOSOURCE: ARCHIVING AND SHARING 3-D DIGITAL SPECIMEN DATA
Authors: Boyer Doug M. , Gunnell Gregg F. , Kaufman Seth , McGeary Timothy M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAdvancement of understanding in paleontology and biology has always been hindered by difficulty in accessing comparative data. With current and burgeoning technology, the severity of this hindrance can be substantially reduced. Researchers and museum personnel generating three-dimensional (3-D) digital models of museum specimens can archive them using internet repositories that can then be explored and utilized by other researchers and private individuals without a museum trip. We focus on MorphoSource, the largest web archive for 3-D museum data at present. We describe the site, how to use it most effectively in its current form, and best practices for file formats and metadata inclusion to aid the growing community wishing to utilize it for distributing 3-D digital data. The potential rewards of successfully crowd sourcing the digitization of museum collections from the research community are great, as it should ensure rapid availability of the most important datasets. Challenges include long-term governance (i.e., maintaining site functionality, supporting large amounts of digital storage, and monitoring/updating file to prevent bit rot, which is the slow and random corruption of electronic data over time, and data format obsolescence, which is the problem of data becoming unreadable or ineffective because of the loss of functional software necessary for access), and utilization by the community (i.e., detecting and minimizing user error in creating data records, incentivizing data sharing by researchers and institutions alike, and protecting stakeholder rights to data, while maximizing accessibility and discoverability).MorphoSource serves as a proof-of-concept of how these kinds of challenges can be met. Accordingly, it is generally recognized as the most appropriate repository for large, raw datasets of fossil organisms and/or comparative samples. Its existence has begun to transform data transparency standards because journal reviewers, editors, and grant officers now often suggest or require that 3-D data be made available through this site.
VIRTUAL PALEONTOLOGY—AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Sutton Mark , Rahman Imran , Garwood Russell 
Published: April 2017

AbstractVirtual paleontology is the study of fossils through three-dimensional digital visualizations; it represents a powerful and well-established set of tools for the analysis and dissemination of fossil data. Techniques are divisible into tomographic (i.e., slice-based) and surface-based types. Tomography has a long predigital history, but the recent explosion of virtual paleontology has resulted primarily from developments in X-ray computed tomography (CT), and of surface-based technologies (e.g., laser scanning). Destructive tomographic methods include forms of physical-optical tomography (e.g., serial grinding); these are powerful but problematic techniques. Focused Ion Beam (FIB) tomography is a modern alternative for microfossils; it is also destructive but is capable of extremely high resolutions. Nondestructive tomographic methods include the many forms of CT, which are the most widely used data-capture techniques at present, but are not universally applicable. Where CT is inappropriate, other nondestructive technologies (e.g., neutron tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, optical tomography) can prove suitable. Surface-based methods provide portable and convenient data capture for surface topography and texture, and might be appropriate when internal morphology is not of interest; technologies include laser scanning, photogrammetry, and mechanical digitization. Reconstruction methods that produce visualizations from raw data are many and various; selection of an appropriate workflow will depend on many factors, but is an important consideration that should be addressed prior to any study. The vast majority of three-dimensional fossils can now be studied using some form of virtual paleontology, and barriers to broader adaptation are being eroded. Technical issues regarding data sharing remain problematic. Technological developments continue; those promising tomographic recovery of compositional data are of particular relevance to paleontology.
PARP3 is a promoter of chromosomal rearrangements and limits G4 DNA
Authors: Day Tovah A. , Layer Jacob V. , Cleary J. Patrick , Guha Srijoy , Stevenson Kristen E. , Tivey Trevor , Kim Sunhee , Schinzel Anna C. , Izzo Francesca , Doench John , Root David E. , Hahn William C. , Price Brendan D. , Weinstock David M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractChromosomal rearrangements are essential events in the pathogenesis of both malignant and nonmalignant disorders, yet the factors affecting their formation are incompletely understood. Here we develop a zinc-finger nuclease translocation reporter and screen for factors that modulate rearrangements in human cells. We identify UBC9 and RAD50 as suppressors and 53BP1, DDB1 and poly(ADP)ribose polymerase 3 (PARP3) as promoters of chromosomal rearrangements across human cell types. We focus on PARP3 as it is dispensable for murine viability and has druggable catalytic activity. We find that PARP3 regulates G quadruplex (G4) DNA in response to DNA damage, which suppresses repair by nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination. Chemical stabilization of G4 DNA in PARP3−/− cells leads to widespread DNA double-strand breaks and synthetic lethality. We propose a model in which PARP3 suppresses G4 DNA and facilitates DNA repair by multiple pathways.