bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public health and prevention: acting to make longer lives healthier
Authors: Alessi Charles , Rashbrook Elaine 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to outline the action that can be taken to ensure longer and healthier lives.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper draws on the relevant recommendations set out by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence to delay or prevent the onset of ill health in later years, followed by a number of recommended approaches to promote healthy behaviours in older adults as well as those in midlife.

Findings
– There is a clear need for public health and the prevention agenda to help ensure that later years are not just longer, but healthier.

Practical implications
– The paper identifies how, when and where the health risks associated with the majority of years lost to ill health can be addressed, and advocates the importance of taking an asset-based approach to promoting good health in older people.

Originality/value
– The paper is a comprehensive review of the key public health actions that can be taken to ensure longer and healthier lives.
Dementia and financial incapacity: a caregiver study
Authors: DaDalt Olivia , Burstein Arielle , Kramer Birgit , D'Ambrosio Lisa A. , Coughlin Joseph F. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify strategies that caregivers of people with dementia use for financial and estate planning and what advice they would give to others in their position.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were gathered via in-depth in-person interviews with 34 caregivers of individuals with dementia. Participants were asked questions about: how they financed care; the resources and people they used to help manage care and finances; and advice they would give to other caregivers.

Findings
– Caregivers wished that they had done more in-depth planning regarding dementia care and financial arrangements. Participants also wished they had saved more money for care expenses or a “nest-egg.” Participants had mixed feelings about the usefulness and trustworthiness of financial advisors, but those who had elder care lawyers recommended them highly.

Research limitations/implications
– It would be beneficial to reproduce this study with a larger, gender-balanced sample with a wider variety of socio-economic backgrounds.

Social implications
– The advice and insight provided in this paper are useful both to dementia caregivers, who can learn from the experiences of those interviewed, and to industry professionals such as financial advisors and elder care lawyers, who may recognize from these interviews the areas in which caregivers need assistance and the services they can provide to help them navigate this disease.

Originality/value
– This paper provides insights from actual caregivers about their experiences dealing with the financial aspect of dementia, an aspect of the disease that is not widely discussed.
Compatible and incompatible pathogen–plant interactions differentially affect plant volatile emissions and the attraction of parasitoid wasps
Authors: Ponzio Camille , Weldegergis Berhane T. , Dicke Marcel , Gols Rieta 
Published: May 2016

Summary

The effects of multiple insect attacks on herbivore‐induced plant volatiles and carnivorous arthropods are increasingly studied. Phytopathogens also represent an important threat to plants, and plant defence strategies against pathogens and insects are strongly interconnected, yet the potential impact of pathogens on insect‐induced volatiles has been largely overlooked, and degree of pathogenicity is rarely considered.

We investigated how pathogen challenge, with virulent and avirulent strains of Xanthomonas campestris either alone or with simultaneous Pieris brassicae caterpillar herbivory, affected the volatile emissions of Brassica nigra plants. The impact of these volatiles on the foraging behaviour of Cotesia glomerata parasitoids wasps was then assessed.

Pathogens themselves induced volatiles that were highly attractive to parasitoids, and enhanced the attractiveness of host‐infested plant volatiles. Chemical analyses revealed that virulent and avirulent strains differentially induced plant volatiles, with primarily sesquiterpene, homoterpene and green leaf volatile compounds contributing to the differences. Strong similarities were found in the blends induced by the virulent strain and caterpillar herbivory.

Challenge by either virulent or avirulent pathogens has a significant impact on plant chemistry and its interactions with other community members, demonstrating the importance of integrating pathogen‐ and insect‐based research to broaden our knowledge of plant defences under conditions of increasing complexity.

A lay summary is available for this article.
Effects of aligned fractures on the response of velocity and attenuation ratios to water saturation variation: a laboratory study using synthetic sandstones
Authors: Amalokwu Kelvin , Best Angus I. , Chapman Mark 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTP‐wave‐to‐S‐wave ratios are important seismic characterization attributes. Velocity ratios are sensitive to the petrophysical properties of rocks and to the presence of gas. Attenuation ratios have also been shown to be sensitive to the presence of partial liquid/gas saturation. The relationship between liquid/gas saturation and P‐wave and S‐wave ratios has been used to distinguish gas‐saturated rocks from liquid‐saturated rocks. Aligned fractures are common in the Earth's crust and cause seismic anisotropy and shear wave splitting. However, most existing relationships between partial gas/liquid saturation and P‐wave and S‐wave ratios are for non‐fractured rocks. We present experimental results comparing the effects of changing water saturation on Qs/Qp versus Vp/Vs ratios between a non‐fractured rock and one containing fractures aligned parallel to wave propagation direction. We also study the effects of aligned fractures on the response of Vp/Vs to changing water saturation using synthetic fractured sandstones with fractures aligned at 45o and parallel to the wave propagation direction. The results suggest that aligned fractures could have significant effects on the observed trends, some of which may not be obvious. Fractures aligned parallel to wave propagation could change the response of Qs/Qp versus Vp/Vs ratios to water saturation from previously reported trends. Shear wave splitting due to the presence of aligned fractures results in two velocity ratios (Vp/Vs1 and Vp/Vs2). The fluid independence of shear wave splitting for fractures aligned parallel to wave propagation direction means the difference between Vp/Vs1 and Vp/Vs2 is independent of water saturation. For fractures aligned at oblique angles, shear wave splitting can be sensitive to water saturation and consequently be frequency dependent, which can lead to fluid and frequency‐dependent differences between Vp/Vs1 and Vp/Vs2. The effect of aligned fractures on Vp/Vs ratios not only depends on the fracture effects on both P‐wave and S‐wave velocities but also on the effects of water saturation distribution on the rock and fracture stiffness, and hence on the P‐wave and S‐wave velocities. As such, these effects can be frequency dependent due to wave‐induced fluid flow. A simple modelling study combining a frequency‐dependent fractured rock model, and a frequency‐dependent partial saturation model was used to gain valuable interpretations of our experimental observations and possible implications, which would be useful for field seismic data interpretation.
Alterations of voltage‐dependent K+ channels in the mesenteric artery during the early and chronic phases of diabetes
Authors: Hong Da Hye , Li Hongliang , Kim Hye Won , Kim Han Sol , Son Youn Kyoung , Yang Se‐Ran , Park Jeong‐Ran , Ha Kwon‐Soo , Han Eun‐Taek , Hong Seok‐Ho , Firth Amy L. , Na Sung Hun , Park Won Sun 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis study investigated the alteration of voltage‐dependent K+ (Kv) channels in mesenteric arterial smooth muscle cells from control (Long‐Evans Tokushima Otsuka [LETO]) and diabetic (Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty [OLETF]) rats during the early and chronic phases of diabetes. We demonstrated alterations in the mesenteric Kv channels during the early and chronic phase of diabetes using the patch‐clamp technique, the arterial tone measurement system, and RT‐PCR in Long‐Evans Tokushima (LETO; for control) and Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF; for diabetes) type 2 diabetic model rats. In the early phase of diabetes, the amplitude of mesenteric Kv currents induced by depolarizing pulses was greater in OLETF rats than in LETO rats. The contractile response of the mesenteric artery induced by the Kv inhibitor, 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP), was also greater in OLETF rats. The expression of most Kv subtypes‐ including Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.4, Kv1.5, Kv1.6, Kv2.1, Kv3.2, Kv4.1, Kv4.3, Kv5.1, Kv6.2, Kv8.1, Kv9.3, and Kv10.1‐were increased in mesenteric arterial smooth muscle from OLETF rats compared with LETO rats. However, in the chronic phase of diabetes, the Kv current amplitude did not differ between LETO and OLETF rats. In addition, the 4‐AP‐induced contractile response of the mesenteric artery and the expression of Kv subtypes did not differ between the two groups. The increased Kv current amplitude and Kv channel‐related contractile response were attributable to the increase in Kv channel expression during the early phase of diabetes. The increased Kv current amplitude and Kv channel‐related contractile response were reversed during the chronic phase of diabetes.
Assessing Market Integration in ASEAN with Retail Price Data
Authors: Dang Vinh Q. T. , Yang Yu (Alan) 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe assess the extent of market integration the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) using a comprehensive data set that contains actual local retail prices for 131 goods and services in ASEAN countries (except Laos and Myanmar) over the period of 1990–2013. We conduct two different, but complementary, approaches: analyzing price dispersion and testing for convergence to the law of one price via panel unit root tests. The 1997 Asian crisis and, to a lesser extent, the 2008 global crisis appear to have caused a considerable disruption in the process of market integration. Despite significant tariff reduction under the ASEAN Free Trade Area commitments in the past two decades, the level of price dispersion across ASEAN is higher in 2013 than in 1990. Panel unit root tests accounting for cross‐section dependence show that convergence to the law of one price holds for only a minority of retail prices, including those of traded goods, in the ASEAN markets. We also consider a nonlinear exponential smooth transition autoregressive approach and a structural break as alternative adjustment dynamics in the panel unit root tests. Overall, our results suggest that there is much to be done in ASEAN to achieve a meaningful ASEAN economic community.
‘While we can, we will’: Exploring food choice and dietary behaviour amongst independent older Australians
Authors: Host Alison , Mcmahon Anne‐Therese , Walton Karen , Charlton Karen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimBurgeoning proportions of populations aged over 65 years impose an increased financial burden upon governments for the provision of associated health and aged‐care services. Strategies are therefore required to mitigate service demand through the preservation of good health and independence into old age. Nutrition has been acknowledged as a key factor for realisation of this goal. The objective of the present study was to investigate factors responsible for shaping food shopping, cooking and eating behaviours amongst healthy, independently living Australians aged 60 years and over.MethodsEighteen (5 male, 13 female) independently living residents sourced from three low‐care Illawarra Retirement Trust (IRT) lifestyle residential facilities volunteered to take part in the present study. All participants were aged 60 years or more and in relatively good health. Semi‐structured focus groups were implemented to explore factors influencing the selection, acquisition and preparation of food. Each session was digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and subsequently examined using content and thematic analysis.ResultsTen sub‐themes were identified and grouped into three broader themes: adaptation, psychosocial parameters and food landscape. Findings reflect an active self‐determination to retain independence, with a focus on the maintenance of favourable nutritional status. A sense of resourcefulness was evident through the development of strategies to overcome potential barriers to healthy eating.ConclusionsFactors that influence the food choices of community‐living older Australians are complex and multifactorial, and underpinned by a strong desire for independence and control over personal health outcomes. Studies involving larger, more demographically diverse participant groups are required to elicit socially acceptable strategies that will empower older Australians to sustain their health and independence for the longer term.
Role of intrahepatic B cells in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease by secreting pro‐inflammatory cytokines and regulating intrahepatic T cells
Authors: Zhang Feng , Jiang Wei Wei , Li Xia , Qiu Xin Yun , Wu Zhe , Chi Yu Jing , Cong Xu , Liu Yu Lan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the alterations and functions of intrahepatic B (IHB) cells in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model induced by high‐fat diet (HFD).MethodsC57BL/6 J mice were fed with HFD for 16 weeks to induce NAFLD. Flow cytometry was used to analyze lymphocytes from liver, spleen and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence stain were applied to investigate cytokine expression in the intrahepatic lymphocytes and IHB cells. CD4+ intrahepatic T (IHT) cells and IHB cells were enriched by a magnetic‐activated cell sorting method and cultured in vitro. The cytokines and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in the plasma, cultural supernatants and liver homogenates were monitored with cytometric bead arrays or multiplex immunoassays.ResultsThe percentage of IHB cells in CD45+ cells was significantly higher in the NAFLD group than in the control group (P < 0.05). IHB cells expressed higher levels of interleukin (IL)‐6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in the NAFLD group, and produced higher levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) than the control group. IgG2a levels were higher in the plasma, liver homogenates and the culture supernatants of IHB cells after stimulated by LPS and anti‐CD40/IgM in the NAFLD group than in the control group. Moreover, IHB cells enhanced the activation of CD4+ IHT cells and promoted the differentiation into T helper (Th) 1 cells in the NAFLD group.ConclusionIHB cells might be involved in NAFLD both by inducing the secretion of IL‐6, TNF‐α and IgG2a and by enhancing the activation of CD4+ IHT cells and their differentiation into Th1 cells.
Cumulative and booster effects of tdcs sessions on drug cravings, lapse, and cognitive impairment in methamphetamine use disorder: A case study report
Authors: Shariatirad Schwann , Vaziri Alaleh , Hassani‐Abharian Peyman , Sharifi Fardshad Mona , Molavi Nader , Fitzgerald Paul B 
Published: May 2016

Background and ObjectivesTranscranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non‐invasive brain stimulation method, which shows promising therapeutic effects in controlling drug cravings.MethodsIn this study, we present cumulative and booster effects of tDCS sessions on methamphetamine cravings, lapse, and cognitive impairment in a methamphetamine dependent subject.ResultsOur study shows cumulative effects of continuous anodal tDCS sessions on right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) could reduce drug cravings and their consequences.Discussion and ConclusionsMoreover, booster tDCS treatments might be helpful in controlling psychological stress and drug cravings. (Am J Addict 2016;25:264–266)
Intermediate Moral Respect and Proportionality Reasoning
Authors: Finegan Thomas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn a recent article in this journal Jonathan Pugh critiques the idea of intermediate ‘moral respect’ which some say is owed to embryos. This concept is inherent within the ‘principle of proportionality’, the principle that destructive research on embryos is permissable only if the research serves an important purpose. Pugh poses two specific questions to proponents of the idea of intermediate moral respect. This article argues that while the questions posed by Pugh are certainly pertinent to the debate, the hypothetical responses he suggests to these questions do not quite get to the core of what is troublesome about the concept. The article suggests alternative responses to Pugh's questions in order to focus attention on more fundamental problems facing the idea of intermediate moral respect, while also pointing to how the intermediate moral respect proponent might best develop these responses. It goes on to argue that these hypothetical responses fail to answer convincingly the questions posed. More specifically, this article challenges two possible justifications for the distinct idea of intermediate moral respect, namely the argument from potentiality (the argument raised by Pugh) and an argument from the proportionality of fundamental moral status (not considered by Pugh). The article also raises a dilemma inherent in the application of the principle of proportionality to cases involving beings to which intermediate moral respect is owed even where it is allowed, ex hypothesi, that both the category of intermediate moral respect and the general proportionality reasoning underpinning the principle of proportionality are basically cogent. This article thus develops and adds to the challenge laid down by Pugh to proponents of the idea of intermediate moral respect.
Demography and sustainable management of two fiber‐producing Astrocaryum palms in Colombia
Authors: García Néstor , Zuidema Pieter A. , Galeano Gloria , Bernal Rodrigo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe spear leaves of the palms Astrocaryum chambira and A. standleyanum have been traditionally used by Colombian indigenous communities as a source of fiber for handicraft production. Traditional management practices, including destructive harvest, have reduced population sizes of both species. We monitored a population of A. chambira in the Amazon, and one of A. standleyanum at the Pacific lowlands of Colombia. We then constructed integral projection models (IPM) to evaluate the transient population dynamics of populations under different exploitation regimes. Our results show that during the next 50 years the population of A. standleyanum will grow at an annual rate of 2.0 percent, and that of A. chambira at a rate of 0.8 percent. However, projected population growth is highly sensitive to harvest in both species: a destructive harvest of 5 percent of all usable individuals (subadults and adults) would cease population growth, while a 10 percent harvest intensity would cause populations to decrease by 0.5–0.6 percent annually. Our simulations further indicate that management practices associated with indigenous slash‐and‐burn agriculture would reduce fiber production, whereas caring for seedlings would increase population growth and fiber production in the coming decades. In order to sustain viable populations of both species and maintain a steady fiber supply, it is vital to prevent destructive harvest practices, and to leave some forest areas untouched, where populations can regenerate and act as a source of seedlings for intervened areas.
Does ACTH improve the diagnostic performance of adrenal vein sampling for subtyping primary aldosteronism?
Authors: Wolley Martin J. , Ahmed Ashraf H. , Gordon Richard D. , Stowasser Michael 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObjectiveAdrenal vein sampling (AVS) is used for determining treatment options for primary aldosteronism (PA), but is a difficult procedure. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) infusion or bolus has been reported to improve AVS success rates by increasing cortisol secretion, but effects on lateralization are controversial. We therefore assessed the effects of ACTH in regard to AVS success and lateralization in our unit, after a change in protocol to ACTH‐stimulated AVS.SettingAVS was performed after overnight recumbency in patients with PA confirmed by fludrocortisone suppression testing. Bilateral sequential sampling was performed before and after an intravenous bolus of 250 mcg of ACTH. Lateralization was defined as an aldosterone/cortisol ratio in one adrenal vein at least twice peripheral, combined with a contralateral adrenal ratio no higher than peripheral (contralateral suppression).ResultsIn 47 AVS procedures, the median adrenal/peripheral cortisol gradient increased on the left (11·6 vs 18·2 μg/100 ml, P < 0·001) and right (15·6 vs 31·5 μg/100 ml, P < 0·001) after ACTH. A total of 34 of 47 studies were diagnostic pre‐ACTH (six failing because of low aldosterone levels bilaterally and seven failing to cannulate one or both sides) vs 44 of 47 (P = 0·011) studies diagnostic post‐ACTH (failure to cannulate one or both sides in 3). Concordance between diagnostic studies pre‐ and post‐ACTH was 91%, but two bilateral cases became unilateral after ACTH and one unilateral case before ACTH was bilateral afterwards.ConclusionsACTH improved cortisol gradients and aldosterone secretion, resulting in a reduction in the proportion of nondiagnostic studies. There was a low proportion of discordance between pre‐ and post‐ACTH diagnoses, the significance of which is unclear.
Systematic review of cost‐of‐illness studies in hand eczema
Authors: Politiek Klaziena , Oosterhaven Jart A. F. , Vermeulen Karin M. , Schuttelaar Marie‐Louise A. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe individual burden of disease in hand eczema patients is considerable. However, little is known about the socio‐economic impact of this disease. The aims of this review were to evaluate the literature on cost‐of‐illness in hand eczema, and to compose a checklist for future use. The literature was retrieved from the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases up to October 2015. Quality evaluation was based on seven relevant items in cost‐of‐illness studies. Cost data (direct and indirect) were extracted and converted into euros (2014 price level) by use of the Dutch Consumer Price Index. Six articles were included. The mean annual total cost per patient ranged from €1712 to €9792 (direct cost per patient, €521 to €3829; and indirect cost per patient, €100 to €6846). Occupational hand eczema patients showed indirect costs up to 70% of total costs, mainly because of absenteeism. A large diversity in hand eczema severity was found between studies. The socio‐economic burden of hand eczema is considerable, especially for more severe and/or occupational hand eczema. Absenteeism from paid work leads to a high total cost‐of‐illness, although disregard of presenteeism often leads to underestimation of indirect costs. Differences in included cost components, the occupational status of patients and hand eczema severity make international comparison difficult. A checklist was added to standardize the approach to cost‐of‐illness studies in hand eczema.