bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutraceuticals in hypercholesterolaemia: an overview
Authors: Santini Antonello , Novellino Ettore 
Published: September 2016

Growing attention is now being given to the possible preventive/alternative ways to avoid illness onset. Changes in lifestyle and food habits are taking over from the conventional pharmaceutical‐based approach, especially for chronic pathologies. Nutraceuticals have been proposed as key tools for the prevention and cure of some pathological conditions. This is leading research to develop new formulations based on these pharma‐foods addressed in a specific way to prevent and cure health issues, which, in turn, will have an effect on therapy‐related costs sustained by any National Health Organization. According to existing regulations, nutraceuticals cannot be categorized as either food or drugs but, by definition, often inhabit a grey area in between the two, being assimilated into food supplements, notwithstanding the beneficial properties that they can provide for some pathological conditions. A nutraceuticals‐based approach for health management, in particular for some pathological conditions, has resulted in a worldwide growing ‘nutraceutical’ revolution. An outstanding example is the approach to the ‘metabolic syndrome’, which includes overweight, obesity and cardiovascular‐related diseases, causing a sort of cascade of chronic health conditions, which is becoming a norm in modern life. Hypercholesterolaemia is one of these. It represents an example of a pathology that can be linked to both a poor lifestyle and dietary habits. The nutraceutical approach to hypercholesterolaemia is described in the present review as a possible alternative to the conventional drug‐based therapy.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc
Perceived Peer and Parent Out‐Group Norms, Cultural Identity, and Adolescents’ Reasoning About Peer Intergroup Exclusion
Authors: Brenick Alaina , Romano Kelly 
Published: September 2016

Cultural group identity and group norms are significantly related to social exclusion evaluations (Bennett,). This study examined 241 Jewish‐American mid (M = 14.18 years,SD = 0.42) to late (M = 17.21 years,SD = 0.43;MageTOTAL = 15.54 years,SD = 1.57) adolescents’ cultural identities and contextually salient perceived group norms in relation to their evaluations of Arab‐American inclusion and exclusion across two contexts (peers vs. family at home). Results suggest that perceived group norms are related to the context in which they are applied: parents in the home and peers in the peer context. Peers remained a significant source of perceived group norms in the home context. Significant interactions emerged between perceived parent group norms and cultural identity. Findings highlight the need to address group‐specific norms by context to ensure maximum effectiveness for intergroup interventions.
Growing Up Amid Ethno‐Political Conflict: Aggression and Emotional Desensitization Promote Hostility to Ethnic Outgroups
Authors: Niwa Erika Y. , Boxer Paul , Dubow Eric , Huesmann L. R. , Shikaki Khalil , Landau Simha , Gvirsman Shira D. 
Published: September 2016

Ethno‐political violence impacts thousands of youth and is associated with numerous negative outcomes. Yet little research examines adaptation to ethno‐political violence over time or across multiple outcomes simultaneously. This study examines longitudinal patterns of aggressive behavior and emotional distress as they co‐occur among Palestinian (n = 600) youth exposed to ethno‐political violence over 3 years in three age cohorts (starting ages: 8, 11, and 14). Findings indicate distinct profiles of aggressive behavior and emotional distress, and unique joint patterns. Furthermore, youth among key joint profiles (e.g., high aggression–emotional desensitization) are more likely to endorse normative beliefs about aggression toward ethnic outgroups. This study offers a dynamic perspective on emotional and behavioral adaptation to ethno‐political violence and the implications of those processes.
Estimating the effects of maternal education on child dental caries using marginal structural models: The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Australian Children
Authors: Ju Xiangqun , Jamieson Lisa M. , Mejia Gloria C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the effect of mothers’ education on Indigenous Australian children's dental caries experience while controlling for the mediating effect of children's sweet food intake.MethodsThe Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children is a study of two representative cohorts of Indigenous Australian children, aged from 6 months to 2 years (baby cohort) and from 3.5 to 5 years (child cohort) at baseline. The children's primary caregiver undertook a face‐to‐face interview in 2008 and repeated annually for the next 4 years. Data included household demographics, child health (nutrition information and dental health), maternal conditions and highest qualification levels. Mother's educational level was classified into four categories: 0–9 years, 10 years, 11–12 years and >12 years. Children's mean sweet food intake was categorized as <20%, 20–30%, and >30%. After multiple imputation of missing values, a marginal structural model with stabilized inverse probability weights was used to estimate the direct effect of mothers’ education level on children's dental decay experience.ResultsFrom 2008 to 2012, complete data on 1720 mother–child dyads were available. Dental caries experience for children was 42.3% over the 5‐year period. The controlled direct effect estimates of mother's education on child dental caries were 1.21 (95% CI: 1.01–1.45), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.91–1.18) and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.93–1.22); after multiple imputation of missing values, the effects were 1.21 (95% CI: 1.05–1.39), 1.06 (95% CI: 0.94–1.19) and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.95–1.19), comparing ‘0–9’, ‘10’ and ‘11–12’ years to > 12 years of education.ConclusionMothers’ education level had a direct effect on children's dental decay experience that was not mediated by sweet food intake and other risk factors when estimated using a marginal structural model.
Monophasic ß‐TCP vs. biphasic HA/ß‐TCP in two‐stage sinus floor augmentation procedures – a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jelusic Damir , Zirk Matthias L. , Fienitz Tim , Plancak Darije , Puhar Ivan , Rothamel Daniel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo compare a monophasic (100% ß‐TCP) and a biphasic (60% HA and 40% ß‐TCP) bone substitute material (BSM) regarding biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and implant stability using histological, radiological and resonance frequency analysis.Material and MethodsSixty‐seven sinus floor elevations were performed in 60 patients. One patient group (monophasic bone substitute [MBS], 30 patients, 32 sinuses) was augmented by the use of the monophasic material (Bioresorb®, Sybron Implant Solutions, Bremen, Germany), while the second group (biphasic bone substitute (BBS), 30 patients, 35 sinuses) received a biphasic material (Maxresorb®, Botiss Biomaterials, Berlin, Germany). Cone beam CT images were taken immediately after augmentation and prior to implant placement after 6 months. Trephines were harvested, while the implant bed was prepared. Resonance frequency analysis was performed immediately after implant placement and 6 months later. Descriptive analysis was performed on all augmented sinus (n = 67). For statistical comparison of the groups, one sinus of each bilaterally treated patient was randomly excluded, resulting in 30 sinuses grafted with MBS and 30 sinuses grafted with BBS (n = 60).ResultsHistomorphometrical analysis of all sinuses displayed comparable results for both groups regarding new bone matrix (MBS 36.16 ± 19.37%, BBS 38.42 ± 12.61%), residual BSM (MBS 30.26 ± 11.7%, BBS 32.66 ± 12.57%) and non‐mineralized tissue (MBS 34.29 ± 18.32%, BBS 28.92 ± 15.04) %) (P > 0.05, respectively). Radiological volume of BBS was significantly more stable (volume loss of 22.2% for MBS, 6.66% for BBS; P < 0.001), and homogeneity of the graft after 6 months was higher for BBS than that for MBS (P < 0.05). Resonance frequency analysis endorsed a higher implant stability quotient for BBS after 6 months than that for MBS (MBS 78.31 ± 5.81, BBS 80.42 ± 6.31; P < 0.05, Mann–Whitney U‐test, respectively).ConclusionBoth monophasic and biphasic materials show good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity with satisfactory support on implant stability. BBS remains more stable in terms of volume maintenance and radiological graft homogeneity after a healing period of 6 months.
Assessing the real‐world effect of laparoscopic bariatric surgery on the management of obesity‐related comorbidities: A retrospective matched cohort study using a US Claims Database
Authors: Patkar Anuprita , Fegelman Elliott , R. Kashyap Sangeeta , Brethauer Stacy , Bour Eric , Yoo Andrew , Li Gang 
Published: September 2016

AimsTo evaluate the real‐world effect of laparoscopic bariatric surgery, comprising adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), on the management of obesity‐related comorbidities.MethodsPatients who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgeries between 2006 and 2013 were identified from the Optum Clinformatics administrative claims database. Those surgical patients were matched to medically managed patients (controls) on selected patient characteristics. Comorbidity management was assessed every 6 months up to 5 years after the surgery or an assigned index date for control subjects (follow‐up), by evaluating the number of medication classes used to treat type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, as well as by evaluating the percentages of patients free of medications for these comorbidities.ResultsPatients who underwent LAGB (n = 4208, mean age 46.3 years), LRYGB (n = 4308, mean age 46.4 years) or LSG (n = 545, mean age 45.1 years) and patients in the control cohort (n = 9061, mean age 46.4 years) were similar in age, and the majority of patients in each study cohort were female (69.4%‐75.8%). Compared with control subjects, patients who had laparoscopic bariatric surgery had significantly lower medication usage for obesity‐related comorbidities, a trend that was evident at 6 months and that continued for up to 5 years of follow‐up. Sub‐analyses of changes in selected laboratory test values over follow‐up corroborated the primary analyses.ConclusionsPatients who had laparoscopic bariatric surgery used fewer medications for type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia and had significant improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors for up to 5 years of follow‐up compared with matched control subjects.
Back into the wild—Apply untapped genetic diversity of wild relatives for crop improvement
Authors: Zhang Hengyou , Mittal Neha , Leamy Larry J. , Barazani Oz , Song Bao‐Hua 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDeleterious effects of climate change and human activities, as well as diverse environmental stresses, present critical challenges to food production and the maintenance of natural diversity. These challenges may be met by the development of novel crop varieties with increased biotic or abiotic resistance that enables them to thrive in marginal lands. However, considering the diverse interactions between crops and environmental factors, it is surprising that evolutionary principles have been underexploited in addressing these food and environmental challenges. Compared with domesticated cultivars, crop wild relatives (CWRs) have been challenged in natural environments for thousands of years and maintain a much higher level of genetic diversity. In this review, we highlight the significance of CWRs for crop improvement by providing examples of CWRs that have been used to increase biotic and abiotic stress resistance/tolerance and overall yield in various crop species. We also discuss the surge of advanced biotechnologies, such as next‐generation sequencing technologies and omics, with particular emphasis on how they have facilitated gene discovery in CWRs. We end the review by discussing the available resources and conservation of CWRs, including the urgent need for CWR prioritization and collection to ensure continuous crop improvement for food sustainability.
Effects of high latitude protected areas on bird communities under rapid climate change
Authors: Santangeli Andrea , Rajasärkkä Ari , Lehikoinen Aleksi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change is rapidly becoming one of the main threats to biodiversity, along with other threats triggered by human‐driven land‐use change. Species are already responding to climate change by shifting their distributions polewards. This shift may create a spatial mismatch between dynamic species distributions and static protected areas (PAs). As protected areas represent one of the main pillars for preserving biodiversity today and in the future, it is important to assess their contribution in sheltering the biodiversity communities, they were designated to protect. A recent development to investigate climate‐driven impacts on biological communities is represented by the community temperature index (CTI). CTI provides a measure of the relative temperature average of a community in a specific assemblage. CTI value will be higher for assemblages dominated by warm species compared with those dominated by cold‐dwelling species. We here model changes in the CTI of Finnish bird assemblages, as well as changes in species densities, within and outside of PAs during the past four decades in a large boreal landscape under rapid change. We show that CTI has markedly increased over time across Finland, with this change being similar within and outside PAs and five to seven times slower than the temperature increase. Moreover, CTI has been constantly lower within than outside of PAs, and PAs still support communities, which show colder thermal index than those outside of PAs in the 1970s and 1980s. This result can be explained by the higher relative density of northern species within PAs than outside. Overall, our results provide some, albeit inconclusive, evidence that PAs may play a role in supporting the community of northern species. Results also suggest that communities are, however, shifting rapidly, both inside and outside of PAs, highlighting the need for adjusting conservation measures before it is too late.
Tsunami deposit associated with the 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami in the Hasunuma site of the Kujukuri coastal plain, Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Dan , Sawai Yuki , Tanigawa Koichiro , Fujiwara Osamu , Namegaya Yuichi , Shishikura Masanobu , Kagohara Kyoko , Kimura Haruo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe describe the detailed sedimentary characteristics of a tsunami deposit associated with the 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami in Hasunuma, a site on the Kujukuri coastal plain, Japan. The thick tsunami deposit was limited to within 350 m from the coastline whereas the inundation area extended about 1 km from the coastline. The tsunami deposit was sampled by excavation at 29 locations along three transects and studied using peels, soft‐X imaging and grain‐size analysis. The deposit covers the pre‐existing soil and reached a maximum measured thickness of 35 cm. It consists mainly of well‐sorted medium to fine sand. On the basis of sedimentary structures and changes in grain size, we divided the tsunami deposit into several sedimentary units, which may correspond to multiple inundation flows. The numbers of units and their sedimentary features vary among the three transects, despite the similar topography. This variation implies a considerable influence of local effects such as elevation, vegetation, microtopography, and distance from footpaths, on the tsunami‐related sedimentation.
Survey: interpolation methods for whole slide image processing
Authors: ROSZKOWIAK L. , KORZYNSKA A. , ZAK J. , PIJANOWSKA D. , SWIDERSKA‐CHADAJ Z. , MARKIEWICZ T. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryEvaluating whole slide images of histological and cytological samples is used in pathology for diagnostics, grading and prognosis . It is often necessary to rescale whole slide images of a very large size. Image resizing is one of the most common applications of interpolation. We collect the advantages and drawbacks of nine interpolation methods, and as a result of our analysis, we try to select one interpolation method as the preferred solution. To compare the performance of interpolation methods, test images were scaled and then rescaled to the original size using the same algorithm. The modified image was compared to the original image in various aspects. The time needed for calculations and results of quantification performance on modified images were also compared. For evaluation purposes, we used four general test images and 12 specialized biological immunohistochemically stained tissue sample images. The purpose of this survey is to determine which method of interpolation is the best to resize whole slide images, so they can be further processed using quantification methods. As a result, the interpolation method has to be selected depending on the task involving whole slide images.
Growth and characterization of V2O5 thin film on conductive electrode
Authors: MOLA GENENE T. , ARBAB ELHADI A. A. , TALEATU BIDINI A. , KAVIYARASU K. , AHMAD ISHAQ , MAAZA M. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryVanadium pentoxide V2O5 thin films were grown at room temperature on ITO coated glass substrates by electrochemical deposition. The resulting films were annealed at 300, 400 and 500°C for 1 h in ambient environment. The effect of heat treatment on the films properties such as surface morphology, crystal structure, optical absorption and photoluminescence were investigated. The x‐ray diffraction study showed that the films are well crystallized with temperatures. Strong reflection from plane (400) indicated the film's preferred growth orientation. The V2O5 films are found to be highly transparent across the visible spectrum and the measured photoluminescence quenching suggested the film's potential application in OPV device fabrication.
Communication between patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and healthcare personnel during the initial visit to a continuous positive airway pressure clinic
Authors: Broström Anders , Fridlund Bengt , Hedberg Berith , Nilsen Per , Ulander Martin 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe facilitators and barriers from a patient perspective in communications between patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and healthcare personnel during the first meeting when continuous positive airway pressure is initiated.BackgroundAdherence to continuous positive airway pressure treatment tends to be poor, especially at the initial phase of treatment. Communication between the patient and healthcare personnel has not been studied from the patient perspective, as either a barrier or facilitator for adherence.MethodsA descriptive design using qualitative content analysis was used. Interviews with 25 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome took place after their initial visit at four continuous positive airway pressure clinics. A deductive analysis based on The 4 Habits Model (i.e. emphasise the importance of investing in the beginning of the consultation, elicit the patient's perspective, demonstrate empathy and invest in the end of the consultation) was conducted.ResultsBuilding confidence (i.e. structure building, information transfer, commitment) or hindering confidence (i.e. organisational insufficiency, stress behaviour, interaction deficit) was associated with investing in the beginning. Motivating (i.e. situational insight, knowledge transfer, practical training) or demotivating (i.e. expectations, dominance and power asymmetry, barriers) was associated with eliciting the patient's perspective. Building hope (i.e. awareness, sensitivity, demonstration of understanding) or hindering hope (i.e. unprepared, uncommitted, incomprehension) was associated with showing empathy. Agreement (i.e. confirmation, responsibilities, comprehensive information) or disagreement (i.e. structural obscurity, irresponsibility, absent‐mindedness) was associated with investing in the end.ConclusionsUnderstanding of facilitators and barriers, as described by patients, can be used to improve contextual conditions and communication skills among healthcare personnel.Relevance to clinical practiceA patient‐centred communication technique should be used in relation to all stages of The 4 Habits Model to facilitate shared decision‐making and improve adherence to continuous positive airway pressure treatment.
The liminal self in people with multiple sclerosis: an interpretative phenomenological exploration of being diagnosed
Authors: Strickland Karen , Worth Allison , Kennedy Catriona 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore the lived experience of the meaning of being diagnosed with multiple sclerosis on the individual's sense of self.BackgroundThe time leading up to and immediately following the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis has been identified as a time period shrouded by uncertainty and one where individuals have a heightened desire to seek accurate information and support. The diagnosis brings changes to the way one views the self which has consequences for biographical construction.DesignA hermeneutic phenomenological study.MethodsIn‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 people recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.FindingsThis study presents the three master themes: the ‘road to diagnosis’, ‘the liminal self’ and ‘learning to live with multiple sclerosis’. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis may be conceptualised as a ‘threshold moment’ where the individual's sense of self is disrupted from the former taken‐for‐granted way of being and propose a framework which articulates the transition.ConclusionThe findings highlight the need for healthcare professionals to develop interventions to better support people affected by a new diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The conceptual framework which has been developed from the data and presented in this study provides a new way of understanding the impact of the diagnosis on the individual's sense of self when affected by a new diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. This framework can guide healthcare professionals in the provision of supportive care around the time of diagnosis.Relevance for Clinical PracticeThe findings provide practitioners with a new way of understanding the impact of the diagnosis on the individual’s sense of self and a framework which can guide them in the provision of supportive care around the time of diagnosis.