bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Marine Boundary Layer Cloud Properties to Aerosol Perturbations Associated with Meteorological Conditions from the 19-Month AMF-Azores Campaign
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Li Zhanqing , Cribb Maureen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the response of marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud properties to aerosol loading by accounting for the contributions of large-scale dynamic and thermodynamic conditions and quantifies the first indirect effect (FIE). It makes use of 19-month measurements of aerosols, clouds, and meteorology acquired during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Mobile Facility field campaign over the Azores. Cloud droplet number concentrations and cloud optical depth (COD) significantly increased with increasing aerosol number concentration . Cloud droplet effective radius (DER) significantly decreased with increasing . The correlations between cloud microphysical properties [, liquid water path (LWP), and DER] and were stronger under more stable conditions. The correlations between , LWP, DER, and were stronger under ascending-motion conditions, while the correlation between COD and was stronger under descending-motion conditions. The magnitude and corresponding uncertainty of the FIE ranged from 0.060 ± 0.022 to 0.101 ± 0.006 depending on the different LWP values. Under more stable conditions, cloud-base heights were generally lower than those under less stable conditions. This enabled a more effective interaction with aerosols, resulting in a larger value for the FIE. However, the dependence of the response of cloud properties to aerosol perturbations on stability varied according to whether ground- or satellite-based DER retrievals were used. The magnitude of the FIE had a larger variation with changing LWP under ascending-motion conditions and tended to be higher under ascending-motion conditions for clouds with low LWP and under descending-motion conditions for clouds with high LWP. A contrasting dependence of FIE on atmospheric stability estimated from the surface and satellite cloud properties retrievals reported in this study underscores the importance of assessing all-level properties of clouds in aerosol–cloud interaction studies.
Modulation of Small-Scale Superinertial Internal Waves by Near-Inertial Internal Waves
Authors: Jing Zhao , Chang Ping 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDynamics of small-scale (<10 km) superinertial internal waves (SSIWs) of intense vertical motion are investigated theoretically and numerically. It is shown that near-inertial internal waves (NIWs) have a pronounced influence on modulation of SSIW strength. In convergence zones of NIWs, energy flux of SSIWs converge and energy is transferred from NIWs to SSIWs, leading to rapid growth of SSIWs. The opposite occurs when SSIWs enter divergence zones of NIWs. The underlying dynamics can be understood in terms of wave action conservation of SSIWs in the presence of background NIWs. The validity of the theoretical finding is verified using realistic high-resolution numerical simulations in the Gulf of Mexico. The results reveal significantly stronger small-scale superinertial vertical motions in convergence zones of NIWs than in divergence zones. By removing near-inertial wind forcing, model simulations with identical resolution show a substantial decrease in the small-scale superinertial vertical motions associated with the suppression of NIWs. Therefore, these numerical simulations support the theoretical finding of SSIW–NIW interaction.
Promoting physical activity in low back pain patients: six months follow-up of a randomised controlled trial comparing a multicomponent intervention with a low intensity intervention
Authors: Schaller Andrea , Dintsios Charalabos-Markos , Icks Andrea , Reibling Nadine , Froboese Ingo 
Published: August 2016

Objective: To assess a comprehensive multicomponent intervention against a low intensity intervention for promoting physical activity in chronic low back pain patients. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation and aftercare. Subjects: A total of 412 patients with chronic low back pain. Interventions: A multicomponent intervention (Movement Coaching) comprising of small group intervention (twice during inpatient rehabilitation), tailored telephone aftercare (twice after rehabilitation) and internet-based aftercare (web 2.0 platform) versus a low level intensity intervention (two general presentations on physical activity, download of the presentations). Main measures: Physical activity was measured using a questionnaire. Primary outcome was total physical activity; secondary outcomes were setting specific physical activity (transport, workplace, leisure time) and pain. Comparative group differences were evaluated six months after inpatient rehabilitation. Results: At six months follow-up, 92 participants in Movement Coaching (46 %) and 100 participants in the control group (47 %) completed the postal follow-up questionnaire. No significant differences between the two groups could be shown in total physical activity ( P = 0.30). In addition to this, workplace ( P = 0.53), transport ( P = 0.68) and leisure time physical activity ( P = 0.21) and pain ( P = 0.43) did not differ significantly between the two groups. In both groups, physical activity decreased during the six months follow-up. Conclusions: The multicomponent intervention was no more effective than the low intensity intervention in promoting physical activity at six months follow-up. The decrease in physical activity in both groups is an unexpected outcome of the study and indicates the need for further research.
What are the barriers and facilitators to goal-setting during rehabilitation for stroke and other acquired brain injuries? A systematic review and meta-synthesis
Authors: Plant Sarah E , Tyson Sarah F , Kirk Susan , Parsons John 
Published: August 2016

Objective: To identify the barriers and facilitators to goal-setting during rehabilitation for stroke and other acquired brain injuries. Data sources: AMED, Proquest, CINAHL and MEDLINE. Review methods: Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data and assessed study quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and undertook thematic content analysis for papers examining the barriers and facilitators to goal-setting during stroke/neurological rehabilitation (any design). Last searches were completed in May 2016. Results: Nine qualitative papers were selected, involving 202 participants in total: 88 patients, 89 health care professionals and 25 relatives of participating patients. Main barriers were: Differences in staff and patients perspectives of goal-setting; patient-related barriers; staff-related barriers, and organisational level barriers. Main facilitators were: individually tailored goal-setting processes, strategies to promote communication and understanding, and strategies to avoid disappointment and unrealistic goals. In addition, patients’ and staff’s knowledge, experience, skill, and engagement with goal-setting could be either a barrier (if these aspects were absent) or a facilitator (if they were present). Conclusion: The main barriers and facilitators to goal-setting during stroke rehabilitation have been identified. They suggest that current methods of goal-setting during inpatient/early stage stroke or neurological rehabilitation are not fit for purpose.
How have research questions and methods used in clinical trials published in Clinical Rehabilitation changed over the last 30 years?
Authors: Mayo Nancy E , Kaur Navaldeep , Barbic Skye P , Fiore Julio , Barclay Ruth , Finch Lois , Kuspinar Ayse , Asano Miho , Figueiredo Sabrina , Aburub Ala’ Sami , Alzoubi Fadi , Arafah Alaa , Askari Sorayya , Bakhshi Behtash , Bouchard Vanessa , Higgins Johanne , Hum Stanley , Inceer Mehmet , Letellier Marie Eve , Lourenco Christiane , Mate Kedar , Salbach Nancy M , Moriello Carolina 
Published: August 2016

Research in rehabilitation has grown from a rare phenomenon to a mature science and clinical trials are now common. The purpose of this study is to estimate the extent to which questions posed and methods applied in clinical trials published in Clinical Rehabilitation have evolved over three decades with respect to accepted standards of scientific rigour. Studies were identified by journal, database, and hand searching for the years 1986 to 2016. A total of 390 articles whose titles suggested a clinical trial of an intervention, with or without randomization to form groups, were reviewed. Questions often still focused on methods to be used (57%) rather than what knowledge was to be gained. Less than half (43%) of the studies delineated between primary and secondary outcomes; multiple outcomes were common; and sample sizes were relatively small (mean 83, range 5 to 3312). Blinding of assessors was common (72%); blinding of study subjects was rare (19%). In less than one-third of studies was intention-to-treat analysis done correctly; power was reported in 43%. There is evidence of publication bias as 83% of studies reported either a between-group or a within-group effect. Over time, there was an increase in the use of parameter estimation rather than hypothesis testing and there was evidence that methodological rigour improved. Rehabilitation trialists are answering important questions about their interventions. Outcomes need to be more patient-centred and a measurement framework needs to be explicit. More advanced statistical methods are needed as interventions are complex. Suggestions for moving forward over the next decades are given.
Statistical considerations on stationary-random noise propagating through a solid medium
Authors: Dragonetti Raffaele , Lepore Antono , Di Filippo Sabato , Mercogliano Francesco , Romano Rosario A 
Published: August 2016

In this paper the noise propagation through a solid medium is considered to study how the parameters of the statistical model change. In particular the external and internal sound fields of a box are taken into account. It is experimentally shown that the variance of the real and the imaginary parts of the external stationary random noise change differently while going through the box walls. The generalized Rayleigh distribution is shown to be more suitable to model the noise inside the cavity instead of the classical Rayleigh distribution. Starting from this outcome it has been studied how this noise affects a signal. It is known that a signal modulus affected by stationary random noise can be described by using the Rice distribution if the real and imaginary parts of the noise are statistically independent and identically distributed with zero mean and equal variances. Otherwise the less popular generalized Rice distribution must be used. The main differences of using the Rice or the generalized Rice distributions are shown by considering phasors both with constant and variable phases. In this paper it is shown that the bias estimation depends on the phase of the phasor if the variances of the real and imaginary parts are different and a numerical quantification is given. The attained results are useful when performing measurements of the sound pressure field due to a sound source inside a cavity affected by external noise.
Clinical manifestations in primary ciliary dyskinesia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Goutaki Myrofora , Meier Anna Bettina , Halbeisen Florian S. , Lucas Jane S. , Dell Sharon D. , Maurer Elisabeth , Casaulta Carmen , Jurca Maja , Spycher Ben D. , Kuehni Claudia E. 
Published: August 2016

Few original studies have described the prevalence and severity of clinical symptoms of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify all published studies on clinical manifestations of PCD patients, and to describe their prevalence and severity stratified by age and sex.We searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus for studies describing clinical symptoms of ≥10 patients with PCD. We performed meta-analyses and meta-regression to explain heterogeneity.We included 52 studies describing a total of 1970 patients (range 10–168 per study). We found a prevalence of 5% for congenital heart disease. For the rest of reported characteristics, we found considerable heterogeneity (I2range 68–93.8%) when calculating the weighted mean prevalence. Even after taking into account the explanatory factors, the largest part of the between-studies variance in symptom prevalence remained unexplained for all symptoms. Sensitivity analysis including only studies with test-proven diagnosis showed similar results in prevalence and heterogeneity.Large differences in study design, selection of study populations and definition of symptoms could explain the heterogeneity in symptom prevalence. To better characterise the disease, we need larger, multicentre, multidisciplinary, prospective studies that include all age groups, use uniform diagnostics and report on all symptoms.
Murine liver-resident group 1 innate lymphoid cells regulate optimal priming of anti-viral CD8+ T cells
Authors: Krueger Peter D , Narayanan Sowmya , Surette Fionna A , Brown Michael G , Sung Sun-Sang J , Hahn Young S 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The liver contains 2 transcriptionally distinct group 1 ILC subsets: CD49a+ ILC1s and CD49b+ NK cells. However, little is known about how group 1 ILCs contribute to hepatic immune responses. Therefore, we characterized murine liver-resident group 1 ILCs and found that CD49a+ ILC1s express high levels of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A and localize near DCs in perivascular spaces surrounding the portal triads. Upon hepatic viral infection, NKG2A signaling in group 1 ILCs, especially in CD49a+ ILC1s, inhibits CXCL9 expression required for robust accumulation of IFN-γ+CD49b+ NK cells. As a consequence, NKG2A−/− mice showed increased numbers of IFN-γ-producing NK cells that preferentially activate liver CD103+ DCs, leading to the sustained proliferation of adoptively transferred, virus-specific CD8+ T cells. Collectively, these data suggest that group 1 ILCs play a role in maintaining the liver as a tolerogenic site by limiting the recruitment of peripheral NK cells during the early phase of viral infection. Furthermore, our findings implicate that the inhibition of NKG2A signaling on group 1 ILCs may be a novel vaccine strategy to induce robust CD8+ T cell responses against persistent liver pathogens.
Using seismic noise derived from fluid injection well for continuous reservoir monitoring
Authors: Tsuji Takeshi , Ikeda Tatsunori , Johansen Tor Arne , Ole Ruud Bent 
Published: August 2016

To construct a reliable and cost-effective monitoring system for injected [Formula: see text] in carbon capture and storage projects, we have considered a seismic monitoring approach using seismic noise from a fluid injection well. The passive seismic interferometry continuously monitors injected [Formula: see text], enabling the detection of associated accidental incidents (e.g., [Formula: see text] leakage). We have applied three approaches: (1) crosscorrelation, (2) crosscoherence, and (3) deconvolution, to the passive seismometer data acquired during a fluid-injection experiment in Svalbard in the Norwegian Arctic. The crosscoherence approach enabled the construction of shot gathers similar to active-source data. Reflectors from the reservoir could be identified on common-midpoint (CMP) gathers constructed via seismic interferometry, and seismic velocity could be estimated from the time-lapse CMP gathers. High-frequency noise from fluid injection operations and low-amplitude background ambient noise were suitable for reconstructing virtual seismic data. However, we clearly found that the time variation characteristics of the noise influenced monitoring results, and thus the stable part of the noise should be used for monitoring. We further applied surface-wave analysis to the virtual shot gathers derived from seismic interferometry and investigated variations in S-wave velocity structure in a shallow formation. We observed clear time variations in seismic velocity in the shallow part of permafrost regions. The information derived from the surface-wave analysis is useful in evaluating the influence of shallow formations on monitoring results of deep reservoirs.
Association of timing of menarche with depressive symptoms and depression in adolescence: Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Sequeira Maija-Eliina , Lewis Sarah J. , Bonilla Carolina , Smith George Davey , Joinson Carol 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundObservational studies report associations between early menarche and higher levels of depressive symptoms and depression. However, no studies have investigated whether this association is causal.AimsTo determine whether earlier menarche is a causal risk factor for depressive symptoms and depression in adolescence.MethodThe associations between a genetic score for age at menarche and depressive symptoms at 14, 17 and 19 years, and depression at 18 years, were examined using Mendelian randomisation analysis techniques.ResultsUsing a genetic risk score to indicate earlier timing of menarche, we found that early menarche is associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms at 14 years (odds ratio per risk allele 1.02, 95% CI 1.005–1.04,n=2404). We did not find an association between the early menarche risk score and depressive symptoms or depression after age 14.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence for a causal effect of age at menarche on depressive symptoms at age 14.
Comparative evaluation of the genomes of three commonDrosophila-associated bacteria
Authors: Petkau Kristina , Fast David , Duggal Aashna , Foley Edan 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTDrosophila melanogaster is an excellent model to explore the molecular exchanges that occur between an animal intestine and associated microbes. Previous studies in Drosophila uncovered a sophisticated web of host responses to intestinal bacteria. The outcomes of these responses define critical events in the host, such as the establishment of immune responses, access to nutrients, and the rate of larval development. Despite our steady march towards illuminating the host machinery that responds to bacterial presence in the gut, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the microbial products that influence bacterial association with a fly host. We sequenced and characterized the genomes of three common Drosophila-associated microbes: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Acetobacter pasteurianus. For each species, we compared the genomes of Drosophila-associated strains to the genomes of strains isolated from alternative sources. We found that environmental Lactobacillus strains readily associated with adult Drosophila and were similar to fly isolates in terms of genome organization. In contrast, we identified a strain of A. pasteurianus that apparently fails to associate with adult Drosophila due to an inability to grow on fly nutrient food. Comparisons between association competent and incompetent A. pasteurianus strains identified a short list of candidate genes that may contribute to survival on fly medium. Many of the gene products unique to fly-associated strains have established roles in the stabilization of host-microbe interactions. These data add to a growing body of literature that examines the microbial perspective of host-microbe relationships.
RPGR, a prenylated retinal ciliopathy protein, is targeted to cilia in a prenylation- and PDE6D-dependent manner
Authors: Dutta Nirmal , Seo Seongjin 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
RPGR (retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator) is a ciliary protein associated with several forms of inherited retinal degenerative diseases. PDE6D is a ubiquitously expressed prenyl-binding protein and involved in ciliary targeting of prenylated proteins. The current working model for the RPGR function depicts that RPGR acts as a scaffold protein to recruit cargo-loaded PDE6D to primary cilia. Here, we present evidence demonstrating an alternative relationship between RPGR and PDE6D, in which RPGR is a cargo of PDE6D for ciliary targeting. We found that the constitutive isoform of RPGR, which is prenylated, requires prenylation for its ciliary localization. We also found that there are at least two independent ciliary targeting signals in RPGR: one within the N-terminal region that contains the RCC1-like domain and the other near the prenylation site at the C-terminus. Ablation of PDE6D blocked ciliary targeting of RPGR. Our study indicates that prenylated RPGR is one of the cargos of PDE6D for ciliary trafficking and provides insight into the mechanisms by which RPGR is targeted to cilia.
Ability of device to collect bacteria from cough aerosols generated by adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Ku David N. , Ku Sarah K. , Helfman Beth , McCarty Nael A. , Wolff Bernard J. , Winchell Jonas M. , Anderson Larry J. 
Published: August 2016

Background: Identifying lung pathogens and acute spikes in lung counts remain a challenge in the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Bacteria from the deep lung may be sampled from aerosols produced during coughing.Methods: A new device was used to collect and measure bacteria levels from cough aerosols of patients with CF. Sputum and oral specimens were also collected and measured for comparison.Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae, andStreptococcus mitiswere detected in specimens using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) molecular assays.Results: Twenty adult patients with CF and 10 healthy controls participated. CF related bacteria (CFRB) were detected in 13/20 (65%) cough specimens versus 15/15 (100%) sputum specimens. CommensalS. mitiswas present in 0/17 (0%, p=0.0002) cough specimens and 13/14 (93%) sputum samples. In normal controls, no bacteria were collected in cough specimens but 4/10 (40%) oral specimens were positive for CFRB.Conclusions: Non-invasive cough aerosol collection may detect lower respiratory pathogens in CF patients, with similar specificity and sensitivity to rates detected by BAL, without contamination by oral CFRB or commensal bacteria.
“My Voice Counts, Too”: Voting Participation Among Individuals With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Agran Martin , MacLean William E. , Andren Katherine Anne Kitchen 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Despite a strong societal commitment to ensuring that individuals with intellectual disability (ID) fully participate in their communities, few people with ID vote. Little is known about voting experiences from the perspective of people with ID. In-person, semistructured interviews were conducted with 28 adults with ID (Mage = 37 years) to obtain their input on voting. Constant comparison and content analysis methods were used to characterize themes. Results indicated that people with ID are interested in voting and desire to be included in the voting process yet receive little education on political issues or on how to make voting-related decisions. Support from family or service providers and self-advocacy facilitated their ability to vote. Implications of these findings and recommendations for future research are discussed.