bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF THE RESIN DERIVED FROM THE NATIVE EUPHORBIA CADUCIFOLIA HAINES AS MULTIFUNCTIONAL ADDITIVE IN FILLED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sanjay K. , Parmar Bhavani S. , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra , Bandyopadhyay Abhijit 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The whole coagulum (Cog) and its toluene-soluble fraction [toluene extract (TE)] obtained via the coagulation of the latex of Euphorbia caducifolia Haines was used as a green, multifunctional additive in a filled NR compound. The actions of Cog and TE were compared with two commercial resins, non-heat-reactive octyl phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and coumarone-indene (CI), at equal doses and also with conventional aromatic oil (through replacement). Both Cog and TE exhibited comparable tack strength with CI, but lower tack strength with PF. In addition, TE improved the cure rate index, unlike Cog and the commercial resins. When the aromatic oil was replaced with TE and Cog at different levels, we observed that TE could replace 100% of the original oil content, whereas Cog could only replace 33% of the original oil content from the recipe without deterioration of physico-mechanical properties. Both forms of natural resins decreased the intrinsic elasticity of the compounds and improved the aging resistance of the vulcanizates.
Potential beneficial role for endothelin in scleroderma vasculopathy: inhibition of endothelial apoptosis by type B endothelin-receptor signaling
Authors: Wang Yongqing , Altorok Nezam , Kahaleh Bashar 
Published: August 2016

Objectives Microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC) apoptosis is considered to be a key event in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), an increased expression of endothelin-1 (ET1) is also well recognized in the disease. ET1 is thought to exert deleterious effects on the vasculature by virtue of its known vasospastic, proliferative and fibrotic effects, yet ET1 can act as a survival factor for a variety of cells, including MVEC. The aim of this study is to investigate if ET1 signaling protects SSc-MVECs from apoptosis. Methods The expression levels of ET1-receptor genes: Endothelin Receptor Type A gene (EDNRA) and Endothelin Receptor Type B gene (EDNRB), and the effects of selective Endothelin Receptor Type A (ETA) antagonists, selective Endothelin Receptor Type B (ETB), and dual ETA/B antagonist in the presence and/or absence of ET1 on control and SSc-MVEC apoptosis were examined. Results Significant increase in the expression of ETA and ETB was noted in SSc-MVECs. Growth factors withdrawal (GFW) resulted in a significant apoptosis that was considerably reduced by the addition ET1. The addition of ETA-receptor antagonists did not affect ET1 anti-apoptotic effects, while the nonselective ETA/B or the selective ETB-receptor antagonists blocked the anti-apoptotic effects of ET1. Finally, an upregulation of the proapoptotic gene BAX after GFW was noted that was normalized by the addition of ET1. Conclusions The results suggest that ET1 mediates an anti-apoptotic effect through engaging the ETB receptors in MVECs. Therefore, it appears that selective ETA antagonism may have an advantage over the non-selective ET1-receptor antagonists in SSc vasculopathy, particularly in the early stages of the disease when MVEC apoptosis is rampant.
Syriac and Karshuni Inscriptions on Wall Paintings in the Qadisha Valley, Lebanon
Authors: Abousamra Gaby 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
This article presents and discusses Syriac and Karshuni inscriptions on wall paintings in different monasteries, churches, hermitages, and caves in the Qadisha Valley in northern Lebanon. The Syriac language and script was used alongside the Karshuni (an Arabic language that uses the Syriac alphabet) and was spoken by many Christian communities at various times in this valley. Beyond the epigraphic analysis of these inscriptions, the aim of this article is to demonstrate that the different Christian communities living in the Qadisha Valley used the same places of worship throughout their long history.
The Maritime Approaches to Ancient Byblos (Lebanon)
Authors: Francis-Allouche Martine , Grimal Nicolas 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTMaritime trade between Levantine coastal cities over the millennia is attested in numerous ancient sources. Information from these textual and iconographic works often describes the timber trade between Byblos and Egypt. However, no physical trace of a Bronze Age harbor has been discovered around ancient Byblos. After 17 years of field investigation, a harbor basin has finally been located at the southern foot of the ancient city. In 2011, the geo-archaeological research program Byblos and the Sea was launched to shed new light on the maritime approaches to Byblos. Several indications confirm the location of a silted-in harbor basin, most probably the harbor, which is so vividly described in the Report of Wenamun.
Deir el-Ahmar: A Roman Settlement in the Northern Bekaa Valley, Lebanon
Authors: Salloum Laure 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
This article presents part of the excavations and surveys conducted over the last ten years by the Directorate General of Antiquities (DGA) of Lebanon in the northern Bekaa Valley. These investigations have revealed the remains of several Roman settlements and various religious structures from the classical and post-classical periods. One of these settlements was found in the village of Deir el-Ahmar, where a wine press was discovered in 2011 inside the church of Saydet el-Borj, as well as a Roman quarry situated on top of the so-called Mrah Rouhanna Hill. Results of the excavations and surveys conducted in these two localities, as well as tentative dates for the uncovered structures, are offered.
Hermione’s Spartan Costume: The Tragic skeue in Euripides’s Andromache
Authors: Stavrinou Aspasia Skouroumouni 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The question of the relationship between ethnicity and morality lies at the heart of Euripides’s Andromache. Despite the ample work done on the play’s cultural import and Euripides’s costuming technique, there remains a need to articulate one of the most significant strategies by which the play explores the nature of ethnic and moral difference. This article focuses on Hermione’s appearance and the way the Spartan ethos is drawn out of the character’s skeue. This discussion intends to add to the arguments for the dramatic force of her costume, by unfolding Euripides’s unique play with the mythic, literary, and performative associations of the female Dorian dress in the Andromache.
Mauri versus Marsi in Horace’s Odes 1.2.39
Authors: Sloan Michael C. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article demonstrates how Mauri is a contextually relevant detail for the Roman readers of 23 BCE, as Mauri is the only reading known in the manuscripts. It is by the invention of Faber and defense of Bentley that we have Marsi. Mauri offers illuminating specificities germane to the historical and literary context with Virgil and Sallust as clear literary precedents. Yet, the term Marsi has been accepted over Mauri for 300 years, since Bentley’s famous defense.
Lucian’s Saturnalia: Rewriting the Literary Nomoi
Authors: Popescu Valentina 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article argues that the Saturnalia is a miniature simulacrum of the Lucianic corpus. It is paradigmatic of Lucian’s generic variety and especially of his generic mixis. Although disguised as light satire, this text is rather, when read in conjunction with other of Lucian’s programmatic texts, a light form of ars poetica in which the author, invoking the reversal of hierarchies and the license of the festival, claims the right to overturn and thus rewrite the literary nomoi.
Effective Causes of Suicide in Zahedan (in 2015)
Authors: Forghani Narges , Bulaq Mahmooud 
Published: August 2016

<span lang="EN-US">The present study aims to examine the effective causes of suicide in Zahedan city, Iran 2014-2015. In fact, suicide is a dangerous behavior to end the life, which would impose a social problem and cost a lot of harm to individuals, families and society. The main question is that what are the factors contributing to the suicide? Important assumptions include: marriage and having children reduces the suicide attempts. Education and employment could reduce the incidence of suicide attempts and suicide attempts are higher at a young age. This study makes use of fieldwork and analytical methods. The population of this research included people who committed suicide during nine months, from Azar 2014 to September 2015 and have been referred to Khatamolanbia (PBUH) hospital, Imam Ali (AS) hospital and Zahedan's forensic medicine. The findings suggest that all of 71 samples were Muslims; 36 persons were women (50.7%) and 35 persons were men (49.3%).There isn't any relationship between mental disorders and suicide attempts. The incidence of suicide among people 16 to 30 years old with 83.2% is much more than other age groups. Suicide attempts rates among educated people are less than under diploma with 66.2%. There is no significant relationship between marital status and suicide, but suicide (67.6%) among those without children is more than people with a family. Suicide attempts among people with higher-income levels and favorable socio-economic conditions and poor people with 15.5%, is much less than middle-income and good-income with 84.5%. 29.6% of those surveyed, that is 21 people, who attempted suicide had died. </span>
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 5, No. 3
Authors: Lee Joan 
Published: August 2016

<p><em>Sustainable Agriculture Research</em> wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.</p><p><em>Sustainable Agriculture Research</em> is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/reviewer and e-mail the completed application form to sar@ccsenet.org.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 3</strong></p><p>Cristina Bianca Pocol</p><p>Homa Mahmoodzadeh</p><p>Katarzyna Panasiewicz</p><p>Laarabi Said</p><p>Len Kryzanowsk</p><p>M. Swain</p><p>Mahmoud Ibrahim</p><p>Manuel</p><p>Mirza Hasanuzzaman</p><p>Ram Niwas</p><p>Roberto Zoppolo</p><p>Sait Engindeniz</p><p>Siziba</p><p>Stefano Marino</p><p>Vikas Mishra</p>
Bridging the Archival-Ethnographic Divide: Gender, Kinship, and Seniority in the Study of Yoruba Masquerade
Authors: Willis John Thabiti 
Published: August 2016

Abstract:This study juxtaposes the observations and interpretations of a twenty-first-century ethnographer with those of nineteenth-century Christian missionaries to rethink interpretations of the practice of gender in precolonial West Africa. The article uses the evolving relationship between an ethnographic researcher and a group of contemporary female ancestral masquerade chiefs to reflect on the ways in which generations of missionaries and scholars have interpreted the gendered construction of power. It critiques previous writers for assuming sex and gender in Yoruba culture to be fixed, and argues for a more fluid interpretation of the gendered identities of the observer and subject being observed.
Climate dependent contrast in surface mass balance in East Antarctica over the past 216 ka
Authors: PARRENIN F. , FUJITA S. , ABE-OUCHI A. , KAWAMURA K. , MASSON-DELMOTTE V. , MOTOYAMA H. , SAITO F. , SEVERI M. , STENNI B. , UEMURA R. , WOLFF E. W. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTDocumenting past changes in the East Antarctic surface mass balance is important to improve ice core chronologies and to constrain the ice-sheet contribution to global mean sea-level change. Here we reconstruct past changes in the ratio of surface mass balance (SMB ratio) between the EPICA Dome C (EDC) and Dome Fuji (DF) East Antarctica ice core sites, based on a precise volcanic synchronization of the two ice cores and on corrections for the vertical thinning of layers. During the past 216 000 a, this SMB ratio, denoted SMBEDC/SMBDF, varied between 0.7 and 1.1, being small during cold periods and large during warm periods. Our results therefore reveal larger amplitudes of changes in SMB at EDC compared with DF, consistent with previous results showing larger amplitudes of changes in water stable isotopes and estimated surface temperature at EDC compared with DF. Within the last glacial inception (Marine Isotope Stages, MIS-5c and MIS-5d), the SMB ratio deviates by up to 0.2 from what is expected based on differences in water stable isotope records. Moreover, the SMB ratio is constant throughout the late parts of the current and last interglacial periods, despite contrasting isotopic trends.
The Value of Expert Opinion in the Pricing of Bordeaux Wine Futures
Authors: Ashton Robert H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe value of expert opinion for establishing prices in the Bordeaux futures market is analyzed. The expert opinions examined are the wine quality ratings provided by two of the world's foremost wine experts, Robert Parker and Jancis Robinson, for more than 1,700 red Bordeaux wines over the period 2004–2012. The results show that the experts' ratings have both a statistically and practically significant impact on prices after controlling for the effects of other known determinants of price. Thus, expert opinion has significant value in this setting. The results further show that although Parker's impact on prices is significantly greater than Robinson's, combining the quality ratings of both experts has a significantly greater impact than Parker's ratings alone. As hypothesized, the strength of the results differs for wines produced in different regions of Bordeaux because of differences in the availability of other quality-related information. All results are robust to several alternative sample specifications and other research design choices. (JEL Classifications: C52, G13, L11, L15, M21)
Problems Facing Civil Air Operations
Authors: Rowe N. E. 
Published: August 2016

My purpose is to try to place before you three broad main problems which cover numbers of subsidiary matters of great significance. Taking safety as read (and safety itself is not a problem but a necessity, begetting various problems in varying circumstances), my divisions of the subject are: —1.Reliability including regularity.2.Safety in the context of economy.3.Economy of operation.
The Art of The Aviation Engine
Authors: Banks F. R. 
Published: August 2016

To commemorate the great French pioneer Louis Bleriot, who made the first crossing of the English Channel by aeroplane on 25th July 1909, the Association Franҫaise des Ingénieurs et Techniciens de l'Aéronautique, better known as A.F.I.T.A., has instituted a series of lectures to be known as The Louis Bleriot Lectures. The Lecture is to be given annually and the intention is that it should be given alternately, in Paris and London, by an Englishman and a Frenchman.The first Louis Bleriot Lecture was given in Paris on 12th May 1948, in a lecture hall attached to the Hotel George V, by Air Commodore F. R. Banks, C.B., O.B.E., F.R.Ae.S., M.I.Mech.E., F.I.Pet. It was attended by the President of the Royal Aeronautical Society, Dr. H. Roxbee Cox, D.I.C., F.R.Ae.S., F.I.Ae.S., Sir Frederick Handley Page, C.B.E., F.R.Ae.S., Past-President, the Secretary, Captain J. L. Pritchard, Hon.F.R.Ae.S., F.I.Ae.S., and by a number of members of the Society and of the Aircraft Industry.
Propellers for Military and Civil Aircraft
Authors: Fairhurst L. G. 
Published: August 2016

The main purpose of this paper is to outline the position which the propeller holds in current aircraft propulsion, its construction, operation and its future. The paper has been arranged in four parts, as follows:–1.Present and future types of aircraft foreseen with propellers.2.Engines for turbo-prop power units.3.The Propeller.4.The Future.In the present military field propellers are used for the following types of aircraft:—Heavy transport and Army reconnaissance, for example the Beverley and Pioneer, Submarine reconnaissance, Naval Strike Fighters and R.A.F. Trainers as exemplified by the Gannet, Wyvern and Provost.
Helicopter Stability in Hovering Flight
Authors: Bramwell A. R. S. 
Published: August 2016

In view of the strong claims for offset flapping and drag hinges made by Mr. Payne in his Technical Note (September 1955) I would like to make the following comments.Many of his conclusions depend on the assertion that there is a steady inertia force on the rotor hub when the rotor tilts. This force is simply the reaction on the hub due to the sideways thrust component and should not be included with the external forces on the helicopter.
The Equipment of Flying Boats
Authors: Cross B. C. H. 
Published: August 2016

Perhaps nothing reveals the weakness of a flying boat and its equipment with more rapidity and certainty than a cruise which involves a prolonged absence from organised bases.Relatively few have had this unique experience, and unhappily no designers of air craft in this country. Words alone cannot conjure up the atmosphere, the petty anxieties, the continual working against time, the struggle in rain and rolling swells, the idiosyncrasies of motor boats, the enthusiasm of crews snatching food when they can get it, and a thousand ills that flying boats are heir to. But it is an exhilarating life that takes a firm hold of all that fall beneath its influence.
A Note on the Buckling of Struts
Authors: Lurie Harold 
Published: August 2016

SummaryInvariably the texts in elasticity and strength of materials derive the stability criteria for struts by first setting up the beam bending moment equation. Together with suitable boundary conditions this equation is then solved as an eigenvalue problem for non-zero solutions. It is indicated here that in general this procedure is too limited, both physically and mathematically, and that in some cases the correct approach yields additional results which normally would not become evident by employing the classical method.
Planning and Production Methods used in the Construction of the de Havilland Comet
Authors: Povey H. 
Published: August 2016

The 825th lecture to be read before the Royal Aeronautical Society, “ Planning ami Production Methods Used in the Construction of the de Havilland Comet,” by H. Povey, A.F.R.Ae.S., was given at the Institution of Civil Engineers, Great George Street, London, S.W.I, on Thursday 12th April 1951. Major G. P. Bulman, the President of the Society, presided.Opening the meeting the President said they met that evening in the shadow of a grevious loss sustained by aviation throughout the world, and by the Society, in the unexpected death of Mr. W. G. A. Perring on 8th April through heart failure. The shock to those of them who worked with him and knew him well was still so deep that one could not try to pay an adequate tribute to his great services.
A metered intake of milk following exercise and thermal dehydration restores whole-body net fluid balance better than a carbohydrate–electrolyte solution or water in healthy young men
Authors: Seery Suzanne , Jakeman Philip 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAppropriate rehydration and nutrient intake in recovery is a key component of exercise performance. This study investigated whether the recovery of body net fluid balance (NFB) following exercise and thermal dehydration to −2 % of body mass (BM) was enhanced by a metered rate of ingestion of milk (M) compared with a carbohydrate–electrolyte solution (CE) or water (W). In randomised order, seven active men (aged 26·2 (sd 6·1) years) undertook exercise and thermal dehydration to −2 % of BM on three occasions. A metered replacement volume of M, CE or W equivalent to 150 % of the BM loss was then consumed within 2–3 h. NFB was subsequently measured for 5 h from commencement of rehydration. A higher overall NFB in M than CE (P=0·001) and W (P=0·006) was observed, with no difference between CE and W (P=0·69). After 5 h, NFB in M remained positive (+117 (sd 122) ml) compared with basal, and it was greater than W (−539 (sd 390) ml, P=0·011) but not CE (−381 (sd 460) ml, P=0·077, d=1·6). Plasma osmolality (Posm) and K remained elevated above basal in M compared with CE and W. The change in Posm was associated with circulating pre-provasopressin (rs 0·348, P<0·001), a biomarker of arginine vasopressin, but could not account fully for the augmented NFB in M compared with CE and W. These data suggest that a metered approach to fluid ingestion acts in synergy with the nutrient composition of M in the restoration of NFB following exercise and thermal dehydration.
Prologue to peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934–5
Authors: Kennedy Michael 
Published: August 2016

A list from September 1939 of files destroyed by the Department of External Affairs in the invasion scares of 1939–40 contains an intriguing reference to the possibility of dispatching Irish military forces to the Saarland on the Franco-German border in the winter of 1934–5. There they would serve as part of an international peacekeeping force while a plebiscite on the status of the territory was carried out under League of Nations auspices in January 1935. The context of this article is the events surrounding the creation of the peacekeeping force in December 1934.That the Irish Free State should be mentioned as a possible contributor to the international force for the Saar is an illustration of the emerging mediatory role the state was to adopt after its three-year term on the League Council concluded in September 1933. With an Irish diplomat, Sean Lester, seconded to League service as High Commissioner in Danzig from 1934, and with Irish-born Edward Phelan, Assistant Director of the International Labour Organisation, being mentioned as a possible contender for the League post of Deputy Secretary-General in 1933, and with Eamon de Valera rising in importance as an international statesman and League supporter, Ireland’s involvement in the Saar was both an illustration and a result of the state’s prominent position in the League in the early to mid-1930s.