bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the importance of assessing topological convergence in Bayesian phylogenetic inference
Authors: Brusselmans Marius , Carvalho Luiz Max , L. Hong Samuel , Gao Jiansi , Matsen IV Frederick A , Rambaut Andrew , Lemey Philippe , Suchard Marc A , Dudas Gytis , Baele Guy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Modern phylogenetics research is often performed within a Bayesian framework, using sampling algorithms such as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to approximate the posterior distribution. These algorithms require careful evaluation of the quality of the generated samples. Within the field of phylogenetics, one frequently adopted diagnostic approach is to evaluate the effective sample size and to investigate trace graphs of the sampled parameters. A major limitation of these approaches is that they are developed for continuous parameters and therefore incompatible with a crucial parameter in these inferences: the tree topology. Several recent advancements have aimed at extending these diagnostics to topological space. In this reflection paper, we present two case studies—one on Ebola virus and one on HIV—illustrating how these topological diagnostics can contain information not found in standard diagnostics, and how decisions regarding which of these diagnostics to compute can impact inferences regarding MCMC convergence and mixing. Our results show the importance of running multiple replicate analyses and of carefully assessing topological convergence using the output of these replicate analyses. To this end, we illustrate different ways of assessing and visualizing the topological convergence of these replicates. Given the major importance of detecting convergence and mixing issues in Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, the lack of a unified approach to this problem warrants further action, especially now that additional tools are becoming available to researchers.
A Neglected Fracture: Treatment and Infection of Seymour Fractures of the Hallux in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Batley Morgan G. , Krakow Arielle , Pascual-Leone Nicolas , Lee Sydney , Hall Carter E. , Sarkar Sulagna , Talwar Divya , Davidson Richard S. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Seymour physeal fractures of the distal phalanx of the Hallux in children are common but rarely described in the literature. There is limited literature investigating how these fractures should be specifically treated. Generally, good results are reported when open fractures are treated with debridement and antibiotics. This large retrospective review evaluates incidence of infection and compares outcomes of various treatments for Seymour physeal fractures of the distal phalanx of the Hallux in children.

Methods:
This study included patients ≤18 years of age treated for Seymour fractures of the Hallux between January 1, 2007, and November 20, 2018, at a single tertiary-care urban children’s hospital. Demographic, injury, and treatment data were obtained via a retrospective review of electronic medical records, including closed versus open fracture status, time to treatment, and whether antibiotics were prescribed and taken. Initial radiographic imaging was examined by a single attending surgeon for angulation (degrees) and widening (mm). Outcome variables included the development of infection and the rate and success of healing.

Results:
One hundred thirty-eight patients were included in our analysis. Most (84/138, 61%) fractures were closed and treated successfully without antibiotics. Treatment for open fractures varied greatly, with many of these fractures undergoing an incision and drainage procedure (I&D) (33/54, 61%) and antibiotic prescription (43/54, 76%). Most (47/54, 87%) open fractures did not develop infection. However, 7/54 open fractures presented with an active infection. Four out of seven (29%) of these fractures did not receive any treatment before infection presentation. Two others who presented with infection both had delayed antibiotics and neither underwent I&D. Fractures that either presented with or developed an infection presented significantly later than those fractures that did not develop infection (P<0.001). Neither angulation nor displacement correlated to the time of healing or development of infection.

Conclusions:
In our large cohort, the majority of open Seymour fractures of the Hallux treated in a timely manner did not develop infection, regardless of treatment. However, open fractures that presented multiple days after injury had an increased incidence of infection. Thus, for open fractures, we recommend timely antibiotics and I&D. Closed fractures may be treated conservatively, with no indication for reduction or use of antibiotics.
Drug Interaction of SGLT2Is and ARNI on Acute Kidney Injury: A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Analysis Through the FAERS
Authors: Zhao Subei , He Ronghua , Mei Mei , Yu Meng , Yang Zheng , Tian Chunyan , Zhang Ping , Li Rong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) and angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) may cause potential renal damage, the combined impact of SGLT2Is and ARNI on acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. This pharmacovigilance study conducted a disproportionality analysis using reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database. The reporting odds ratio was used as an estimate for detecting AKI signal. A total of 659,573 reports on at least 1 glucose-lowering drug and/or ARNI were obtained. Of the 413 reports on cotherapy of SGLT2Is and ARNI, 99 (24.0%) reports mentioned AKI. Overall, the AKI reporting rate significantly increased in cotherapy (adjusted reporting odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 8.04, 6.20–10.42, P < 0.001), with a stronger AKI signal in cotherapy of canagliflozin and ARNI (16.82, 3.75–75.57, P < 0.001). Specifically, no increased AKI signal was detected in patients with heart failure (HF) receiving cotherapy after adjustment for sex and age (HF: 1.27, 0.89–1.80, P = 0.189; HF plus diabetes: 2.08, 0.99–4.40, P = 0.055; or HF plus hypertension: 1.69, 0.53–5.35, P = 0.376), whereas enhanced AKI signals were detected in patients with diabetes (20.57, 11.93–35.46, P < 0.001), hypertension (4.30, 1.98–9.37, P < 0.001), or diabetes plus hypertension (5.44, 1.92–15.43, P = 0.001). This study reveals that superimposed renal impairment results from cotherapy with SGLT2Is and ARNI. It is necessary to be vigilant that the elderly patients with diabetes, hypertension, or chronic kidney disease are more susceptible to AKI, especially if they likewise receive diuretics. When cotherapy is unavoidable, early monitoring of renal function, blood volume, and blood pressure is excessively crucial. However, it is relatively safe in patients with HF.
When Giant Lymphangioma Meets Hydrops Fetalis: An Uncommon Case Report of Lower Extremity Involvement
Authors: Martin Ariana Marie , Sanchez-Cantu Andrea Paola , Cantu-Rodriguez Andrea , Martinez-Salinas Raul , Valdez-Bocanegra Jesus Damian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Approximately 75% of lymphangiomas manifest in the head and neck region, with limb and bone involvement observed in only 2% of cases. This case report presents a rare instance of fetal lymphangioma associated with hydrops fetalis, affecting the left lower extremity and abdomen. A 22-year-old secundigravida woman was referred to the gynecology department at 31.2 weeks of gestation. Initial fetal ultrasound revealed a live fetus with a large lymphangioma involving the left lower extremity, gluteal region, and abdomen. Additional ultrasound findings included subcutaneous edema, pericardial effusion, ascites, placentomegaly, and tricuspid regurgitation. Postnatal clinical examination confirmed the diagnosis of lymphatic malformation. Notably, only one other similar case has been reported in the English-language PubMed database. This report adds to the medical literature as a rare instance of prenatally diagnosed lymphangioma-associated hydrops fetalis.
Biopolymers: Histopathologic Case Series of Patients with Permanent Synthetic Fillers Presenting Chronic Granulomatous Reaction and Hypercalcemia
Authors: Pachón Suarez Jaime Eduardo , Tello Victor Zein Rizo , Cifuentes Rocio Carolina Rozo , Cuadros Adriana Marcela Pores , Salazar Marcela C. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Biopolymers, which are diverse and permanent synthetic fillers, are nonbiocompatible allogeneic materials. Their implantation can result in clinical, radiological, and histopathological manifestations that contribute to our understanding of foreign-body-induced human adjuvant disease.

Methods:
We conducted a descriptive observational case series involving 20 patients who underwent open biopolymer removal surgery in the buttocks and lumbosacral regions using the Meticulous Approach Safer and Keeper technique, followed by gluteal reconstruction with autologous tissue. Histopathological analysis was performed. This study was conducted in Bogotá, Colombia, from 2020 to 2023.

Results:
Documented clinical records and histopathological analyses of the 20 patients revealed an inflammatory response that was initially considered healthy. Cytoplasmic vacuolization in reactive adipocytes was observed in all cases, meriting consideration in the differential diagnosis of liposarcoma and suggesting local aggressiveness. One patient showed a positive lymphocytic inflammatory response in the Alcian blue test. Hypercalcemia was present in 30% of the patients, elevated lactate dehydrogenase in 40%, and elevated parathyroid hormone levels in 15%.

Conclusions:
Surgeons should consider measuring lactate dehydrogenase, serum calcium, and parathyroid hormone levels to assess the severity and guide clinical practice. Secondary prevention through the open surgical removal of biopolymers is recommended.
Photobiomodulation Therapy for Serous Pigment Epithelium Detachment in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Iovino Claudio , Damiano Luciana , Piccirillo Valerio , Testa Francesco , Giannaccare Giuseppe , Simonelli Francesca 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE:
To report a case of giant pigment epithelium detachment (PED) secondary to chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) successfully treated with photobiomodulation (PBM).

METHODS:
Case report.

RESULTS:
A 55-year-old man complained a worsening of vision in the left eye (LE) over the last 18 months.
A complete ophthalmological evaluation encompassing best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA) and microperimetry (MP) was performed.
SD-OCT showed several small PEDs around the macula in the right eye and a giant macular serous PED with subretinal fluid (SRF) in the LE. FA disclosed multiple hyperfluorescent roundish areas in the posterior pole bilaterally, with a macular pooling in the LE.
A diagnosis of cCSC was made, and patient underwent PBM with one session for week for four weeks, followed by one session bi-weekly for two months.
SD-OCT of the LE showed a gradual flattening of the macular PED at 3 months, with a complete regression of the latter and of the SRF at 6- and 12-month follow up with no residual signs of chorioretinal atrophy on FAF. BCVA improved from 20/80 at baseline to 20/25 at the last follow up, and this functional improvement was further confirmed by MP.

CONCLUSIONS:
PBM can be considered a safe and effective treatment strategy for the management of cCSC with SRF and serous PED.
Corynebacterium striatum
Authors: Tallapalli Jayanth Reddy , Raprolu Sai Sruthi , Kalantri Shreyas , Greene John N. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Corynebacterium striatum (C. striatum) is a rapidly emerging multidrug-resistant organism commonly found as a skin and respiratory tract commensal. The first case of C. striatum infection was published in 1980 in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who had a pleuropulmonary infection. The chemotherapeutic agents used in hematologic malignancies completely deplete neutrophils, making them susceptible to various pathogens such as C. striatum, which are rarely pathogenic. The spectrum of presentation due to C. striatum includes severe bloodstream infections, pneumonia, meningitis, and infective endocarditis. Some of the most common risk factors are prolonged neutropenia with various invasive devices and numerous prophylactic antibiotics. This article aims to present three cases of C. striatum infections in immunocompromised patients at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Centre. In such rare cases, infection prevention and appropriate antibiotic coverage are the key to preventing such infections.
Symptom Network and Clusters of the Multidimensional Symptom Experience in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lin Hairong , Luo Huaili , Lin Mei , Li Hong , Sun Dingce 
Published: October 2024

Background
The symptom network can provide a visual insight into the symptom mechanisms. However, few study authors have explored the multidimensional symptom network of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Objectives
We aimed to identify the core symptom and symptom clusters of patients with AF by generating a symptom network. Furthermore, we wanted to identify multiple characteristics related to symptom clusters.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 384 patients with AF at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital were enrolled. The University of Toronto Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale was used to assess AF symptoms. Network analysis was used to explore the core symptom and symptom cluster.

Results
Shortness of breath at rest (r
s = 1.189, r
c = 0.024), exercise intolerance (r
s = 1.116), shortness of breath during physical activity (r
s = 1.055, r
c = 0.022), and fatigue at rest (r
c = 0.020) have the top centrality for strength and closeness. The top 3 symptoms of bridge strength were shortness of breath at rest (r
s = 0.264), dizziness (r
s = 0.208), and palpitations (r
s = 0.207). Atrial fibrillation symptoms could be clustered into the breathless cluster and the cardiac cluster. We have identified multiple factors such as mental health status, left ventricular ejection fraction, heart failure, sex, B-type natriuretic peptide, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as significant contributors within the breathless cluster, whereas sex, mental health status, and history of radiofrequency ablation were strongly associated with the cardiac cluster, holding promise in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of these symptoms.

Conclusion
Special attention should be given to shortness of breath at rest as its core and bridging role in patients' symptoms. Furthermore, both the breathless and cardiac clusters are common among patients. Network analysis reveals direct connections between symptoms, symptom clusters, and their influencing factors, providing a foundation for clinicians to effectively manage patients' symptoms.
Ultrasound-guided Genicular Nerve Block in Patients Undergoing Knee Arthroscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Qian , Zhong Qing , Tang Guoqiang , Yang Pingliang , Ye Ling 
Published: October 2024

This study was to investigate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block for patients who underwent knee arthroscopy. Patients were randomized into two groups: 1. nerve block group: ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block (superomedial, superolateral and inferomedial genicular nerve, 2-ml 0.5% ropivacaine each nerve.) prior to the general anesthesia, 2. control group: no intervention prior to the general anesthesia. The measurements were pain severity at 3,6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery at rest and at activity(Pain severity was primary outcome at 3 hours after surgery at rest); the time for first ambulation; straight leg raise; mechanical pain threshold of the block areas; time of the surgery, anesthesia and extubation; the use of analgesics in the perioperative period and 72 hours after the surgery; the number of patients awakening from pain on the first two nights after the surgery; the length of hospital stay; postoperative adverse effects. The pain severity was performed by VAS (A 10-point visual analogue scale, 0 points painless, 10 points severe pain) and median (interquartile range; IQR). A total of 70 patients (median age: 53 y, 32 men; 35 per group) were included. Compared to the control group, the nerve block group had a lower pain VAS score at rest (2[2-2] vs. 3[2-4], P<0.01) at 3 hours, and lower pain VAS score at rest persisted for 24 hours and activity persisted for 12 hours after the surgery, also had lower intraoperative dosage of sufentanil (20±4.8 vs. 28.5±5.1 mg; P<0.001), lower requirement for analgesics for pain and lower PONV (postoperative nausea and vomiting) throughout the 72-hour observation period. There were no significant difference for the incidence of postoperative adverse effects and straight leg raise. In conclusion, ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block could reduce the pain severity after knee arthroscopy and decrease the use of intraoperative sufentanil without affecting motor function.
Rotator Cuff Tear and Associated Risk Factors. The Mutual Role of Medical Conditions
Authors: Preziosi Standoli Jacopo , Candela Vittorio , Gumina Stefano 
Published: October 2024

■:
Several medical conditions (diabetes, cardio-vascular diseases, hypercholesterolemia etc.) or modifiable behavioral habits (smoking habit and alcohol assumption) capable of causing a damage to the peripheral microcirculation are considered potential risk factors for degeneration/tear of the rotator cuff. The aim of the study was to analyse and quantify how the association of multiple known risk factors is more effective than the predisposing action of a single factor. 308 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of a full-thickness Rotator Cuff Tear (RCT) represented the case group. The control group included 388 consecutive healthy asymptomatic subjects for shoulder pathologies. A multivariable prognostic model for the prediction of rotator cuff tear has been performed to analyse the mutual effect of multiple risk factors. With a correct classification estimated at 70.6% a smoker patient (OR=2.405; CI95%=1.645-3.516) with hypercholesterolemia (OR=1.976; CI95%=1.408-2.771), diabetes (OR=2.362; CI95%=1.241-4.493) and arterial hypertension (OR=1.630; CI95%=1.156-2.300) has a higher chance of developing a rotator cuff tear surgery compared to a peer non-smoker healthy subject. Probability of a smoker patient suffering from hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and arterial hypertension to undergo rotator cuff repair surgery is not given by the sum of the probabilities of each condition but increases drammatically. Each pathology interacts with each other; dramatically increasing the risk of developing a cuff tear.

Level of Evidence:
III Retrospective Study
Effect Analysis of Early Rehabilitation Therapy Combined with Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Postoperative Rehabilitation of Sports Knee Injury
Authors: Feng Shuolei , Shi Xiaoping , Cao Xiaodong , Zhao Jinwei 
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To analyze the effectiveness of combined early rehabilitation therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with sports knee injuries (SKI).

Methods:
A total of 62 SKI patients from June 2021 to June 2022 were randomly selected by computer and divided into group A (31 cases, early rehabilitation therapy) and group B (31 cases, early rehabilitation therapy +rTMS) by numbered envelope method. The effects of the two groups were compared.

Results:
After treatment, the pain frequency and pain intensity in group B were lower than in group A, while the completion of knee movements without significant pain, the degree of knee swelling, and the impact of the knee on activities were higher in group B than in group A; the Lysholm score and inflammatory factor indicators in group B were superior to those in group A (all P<0.05).

Conclusion:
The combination of early rehabilitation therapy and rTMS in postoperative rehabilitation of SKI patients has better effects on knee joint function and inflammation.
Factors that Influence Recovery From Concussion in Young Children and Preadolescents
Authors: Datoc Alison E. , Mathew Abel S. , Choi Daniel M. , Price August , Lauman Samuel , Hartland Lindsey C. , Boucher Sarah J. , Ellis Christine S. , Abt John P. 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
To examine differences in the presentation and management of concussion in younger children (aged 4–8 years) versus preadolescents (9–12 years) and identify factors that influence recovery time.

Design:
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

Setting:
Pediatric sports medicine and orthopedics clinic.

Patients:
Three hundred seventy-five patients aged 4 to 12 years diagnosed with concussion between 2020 and 2022.

Independent Variables:
Age, gender, race/ethnicity, mechanism of injury (sport vs nonsport related), neurodevelopmental or psychiatric diagnosis, concussion history, Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) score, and Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) overall change scores.

Main Outcome Measures:
Days since injury (DSI) to initial visit, total number of visits, recovery time (days).

Results:
Groups significantly differed in DSI (P = 0.01) and overall VOMS change score (P = 0.03). No differences were observed between groups on total number of visits or recovery time. Patients with fewer DSI [odds ratio (OR) = 1.15], less change in overall VOMS score (OR = 1.02), lower PCSS scores (OR = 1.02), and who were injured in sport were less likely to experience a protracted recovery.

Conclusions:
Younger children with concussion may be appropriately treated with a similar approach to preadolescent patients despite greater DSI and differences in VOMS change scores, without sacrificing overall recovery time. Consistent with research in older cohorts, protracted recovery was seen in nonsport patients, and patients seen sooner at a specialty concussion clinic were less likely to experience a protracted recovery, endorsed lower PCSS scores, and had lower overall VOMS change scores. Further research is needed to solidify a child-specific paradigm to concussion management.