bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saccade Reorienting Is Facilitated by Pausing the Oculomotor Program
Authors: Buonocore Antimo , Purokayastha Simran , McIntosh Robert D. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
As we look around the world, selecting our targets, competing events may occur at other locations. Depending on current goals, the viewer must decide whether to look at new events or to ignore them. Two experimental paradigms formalize these response options: double-step saccades and saccadic inhibition. In the first, the viewer must reorient to a newly appearing target; in the second, they must ignore it. Until now, the relationship between reorienting and inhibition has been unexplored. In three experiments, we found saccadic inhibition ∼100 msec after a new target onset, regardless of the task instruction. Moreover, if this automatic inhibition is boosted by an irrelevant flash, reorienting is facilitated, suggesting that saccadic inhibition plays a crucial role in visual behavior, as a bottom–up brake that buys the time needed for decisional processes to act. Saccadic inhibition may be a ubiquitous pause signal that provides the flexibility for voluntary behavior to emerge.
Restoration of fMRI Decodability Does Not Imply Latent Working Memory States
Authors: Schneegans Sebastian , Bays Paul M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Recent imaging studies have challenged the prevailing view that working memory is mediated by sustained neural activity. Using machine learning methods to reconstruct memory content, these studies found that previously diminished representations can be restored by retrospective cueing or other forms of stimulation. These findings have been interpreted as evidence for an activity-silent working memory state that can be reactivated dependent on task demands. Here, we test the validity of this conclusion by formulating a neural process model of working memory based on sustained activity and using this model to emulate a spatial recall task with retro-cueing. The simulation reproduces both behavioral and fMRI results previously taken as evidence for latent states, in particular the restoration of spatial reconstruction quality following an informative cue. Our results demonstrate that recovery of the decodability of an imaging signal does not provide compelling evidence for an activity-silent working memory state.
Notes on the genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae) in South Africa
Authors: LANSDOWN RICHARD V. , GLEN RENE , HASSEMER GUSTAVO 
Published: August 2017

Historically there has been confusion over the status and identification of Callitriche species in South Africa. Review of herbarium specimens and fieldwork have enabled confirmation of the presence of C. deflexa as a naturalised species in this country and confirmed that C. compressa and specimens named as C. bolusii are conspecific. Field surveys showed that C. compressa still occurs in the areas from which most historic collections were made with no evidence of a decline, it is widespread but local in Kwa-Zulu Natal and Eastern Cape Provinces and extends into eastern Western Cape Province. However because it is known from only five widely scattered sites, it is classed as Vulnerable under the IUCN Red List. We also typify here the names C. compressa and C. deflexa.
Taxonomic review of the moth family Thyatiridae (Lepidoptera) from Yunnan province, China
Authors: ZHUANG HAILING , YAGO MASAYA , OWADA MAMORU , WANG MIN 
Published: August 2017

A total of 22 genera and 79 species of Thyatiridae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Yunnan, China are reviewed. Forty of these species are examined in detail, and the wing markings and genitalia of the male/female adults are illustrated. The following five species are recorded from Yunnan for the first time: Psidopala undulans (Hampson, [1893]), Tethea (Tethea) punctorenalia (Houlbert, 1921), Toxoides sichuanensis Zhuang, Owada & Wang, 2014, Mimopsestis basalis sinensis László, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007 and Betapsestis brevis (Leech, 1900). Two new species, Parapsestis naxii sp. n. and Parapsestis tachengensis sp. n., are described and their DNA bar codes are provided using genbank accession number. Type species of genus Parapsestis, Parapsestis argenteopicta, we also provide its genbank accession number. Stenopsestis bruna Jiang, Yang, Xue & Han, 2015 is synonymized with Toxoides sichuanensis Zhuang, Owada & Wang, 2014. Biogeographical features of the family in Yunnan are also briefly discussed.
Examining El Niño–Southern Oscillation Effects in the Subtropical Zone to Forecast Long-Distance Total Rainfall from Typhoons: A Case Study in Taiwan
Authors: Wei Chih-Chiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTyphoon rainfall predictions provide critical information that can be used for flood control and advanced disaster prevention preparations. However, total rainfall nowcasts (i.e., several days ahead) are not available in Taiwan when typhoons are distant. This paper proposes a long-distance total rainfall forecast (LTRF) model and presents a real-time forecasting process that can use the LTRF model to determine the formation and possible approach of typhoons in the future. The LTRF model was formulated using two designed climate scenarios. Scenario 1 considered El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects, whereas scenario 2 did not. Various raw sensor data, comprising climatological characteristics, sea surface temperature, satellite brightness temperatures, and total rainfall, were collected; moreover, attributes of the ENSO indices, including the Southern Oscillation index and the Niño-3.4 sea surface temperature anomaly, were reviewed. The scenario models were constructed using the C4.5 and random forest tree–based algorithms. Typhoon events occurring during 2001–13 and 2014–15 (specifically, Typhoons Matmo and Fung-Wong in 2014 and Soudelor and Dujuan in 2015) were examined for training and testing purposes, respectively. The Hualien Weather Station in Taiwan was selected as a study site, and the forecasting horizon was set at 6 h. Finally, the model simulations, observations, and Central Weather Bureau (Taiwan) nowcasts were compared. The simulation results showed that the proposed LTRF model, when ENSO effects were accounted for, can efficiently forecast total typhoon rainfall when typhoons are distant from Taiwan.
A Comparison of Clinical Outcomes After Unilateral or Bilateral Hip Arthroscopic Surgery: Age- and Sex-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Kuhns Benjamin D. , Hannon Charles P. , Makhni Eric C. , Alter Jennifer , Mather Richard C. , Salata Michael J. , Nho Shane J. 
Published: August 2017

Background:A significant number of patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) have bilateral deformities and may require surgery for both hips.Purpose:To compare outcomes between patients who underwent bilateral hip arthroscopic surgery to a matched cohort of patients who underwent unilateral hip arthroscopic surgery.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:A consecutive series of patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI by a single fellowship-trained surgeon from January 2012 to January 2014 and had a minimum follow-up of 2 years were evaluated. Patients who underwent staged bilateral hip arthroscopic surgery were identified and matched 1:2 to patients who underwent unilateral hip arthroscopic surgery based on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Demographic, preoperative, and postoperative variables were compared between the groups.Results:Forty-three patients in the bilateral group were matched with 86 patients in the unilateral group based on sex (24 female [56%] vs 48 female [56%], respectively; P > .99), age (28.6 ± 10.8 years vs 28.9 ± 10.8 years, respectively; P = .88), and BMI (24.8 ± 5.8 kg/m2vs 24.8 ± 4.0 kg/m2, respectively; P = .98). There were no significant preoperative demographic or radiographic differences between the groups. Both groups demonstrated significant preoperative to postoperative improvements in the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), Hip Outcome Score–Sports Subscale (HOS-SS), and modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) ( P < .0001 for all). When compared with patients in the unilateral group, patients who underwent bilateral hip arthroscopic surgery had less improvement in mHHS and pain scores. Sixty-five (76%) patients in the unilateral group achieved the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for the mHHS compared with 21 (49%) in the bilateral group ( P = .03), while 64 (74%) patients achieved the patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) for the mHHS compared with 22 (51%) in the bilateral group ( P = .02). Patients in the bilateral group with greater than 10 months between surgical procedures had lower postoperative HOS-ADL scores ( P = .04) and lower improvement in pain and HOS-SS scores ( P < .0001 and P = .05, respectively).Conclusion:Patients who underwent unilateral and bilateral hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI had improved functional outcomes after 2 years. However, patients who underwent bilateral hip arthroscopic surgery had less improvement in their mHHS and pain scores compared with those who underwent unilateral hip arthroscopic surgery but no differences in HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, or satisfaction scores. Patients in the bilateral group with longer than 10 months between surgical procedures had lower outcome scores than patients who underwent their second surgical procedure within 10 months of their primary surgery.
A Report of 7-Year Experience on Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Yetimakman Ayse Filiz , Kesici Selman , Tanyildiz Murat , Bayrakci Umut Selda , Bayrakci Benan 
Published: August 2017

Background: Continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs) either as continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) or hemodiafiltration (CVVHD) are used frequently in critically ill children. Many clinical variables and technical issues are known to affect the result. The factors that could be modified to increase the survival of renal replacement are sought. As a contribution, we present the data on 104 patients who underwent CRRT within a 7-year period. Materials and Method: A total of 104 patients admitted between 2009 and 2016 were included in the study. The demographic information, admittance pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) scores, indication for CRRT, presence of fluid overload, CRRT modality, durations of CRRT, and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. Results: The overall rate of survival was 51%. Patients with fluid overload had significantly increased rate of death, CRRT duration, and PICU stay. Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome as the indication for CRRT was significantly related to decreased survival when compared to acute renal failure and acute attacks of metabolic diseases. The CRRT modality was not different between survivors and nonsurvivors. Standardized mortality ratio of the group was calculated to be 0.8. Conclusion: The CRRT in critically ill patients is successful in achieving fluid removal and correction of metabolic imbalances caused by organ failures or attacks of inborn errors of metabolism. It has a positive effect on expected mortality in high-risk PICU patients. To affect the outcome, follow-up should be focused on starting therapy in early stages of fluid overload. Prospective studies defining relative importance of risk factors causing mortality can assist in building up guidelines to affect the outcome.
Lactation Consultants’ Perceived Barriers to Providing Professional Breastfeeding Support
Authors: Anstey Erica H. , Coulter Martha , Jevitt Cecilia M. , Perrin Kay M. , Dabrow Sharon , Klasko-Foster Lynne B. , Daley Ellen M. 
Published: August 2017

Background: Addressing suboptimal breastfeeding initiation and duration rates is a priority in the United States. To address challenges to improving these rates, the voices of the providers who work with breastfeeding mothers should be heard. Research aim: The purpose of this study was to explore lactation consultants’ perceived barriers to managing early breastfeeding problems. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with a grounded theory methodological approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 International Board Certified Lactation Consultants across Florida. Lactation consultants were from a range of practice settings, including hospitals, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children clinics, private practice, and pediatric offices. Data were digitally recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in Atlas.ti. Results: A range of barriers was identified and grouped into the following categories/themes: indirect barriers (social norms, knowledge, attitudes); direct occupational barriers (institutional constraints, lack of coordination, poor service delivery); and direct individual barriers (social support, mother’s self-efficacy). A model was developed illustrating the factors that influence the role enactment of lactation consultants in managing breastfeeding problems. Conclusion: Inadequate support for addressing early breastfeeding challenges is compounded by a lack of collaboration among various healthcare providers and the family. Findings provide insight into the professional management issues of early breastfeeding problems faced by lactation consultants. Team-based, interprofessional approaches to breastfeeding support for mothers and their families are needed; improving interdisciplinary collaboration could lead to better integration of lactation consultants who are educated and experienced in providing lactation support and management of breastfeeding problems.
The clinical relevance of repeat renal biopsies in the management of lupus nephritis: a South African experience
Authors: Tannor E K , Bates W D , Moosa M R 
Published: August 2017

Purpose Clinically, repeat renal biopsies (RRBs) have been performed in lupus nephritis to identify changes in class, plan treatment and assist in prognostication. We set out to compare the histopathological features and outcomes of disease flare and protocol biopsy patients. Methods A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on repeat biopsies performed between January 1984 and December 2015 in lupus nephritis patients. Disease flares and protocol biopsies were compared. Results Of 614 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) renal biopsies, 127 (20.7%) RRBs were identified. Disease flare patients accounted for 96 (75.6%) and protocol biopsies for 31 (24.4%) of RRBs. Seventy (72.9%) disease flare patients retained their original class on repeat biopsy. When categorised as proliferative and non-proliferative histology, 83 (87.4%) of the disease flare biopsy patients remained histologically unchanged. Treatment remained unchanged in 57 (60.0%) patients following RRBs for disease flares. Response to immunosuppression in disease flare patients was poorer. Non-response was associated with increased chronicity index (OR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.01–1.76; p = 0.045). Thirty-three (36.3%) disease flare patients developed end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in one year as compared to one (3.6%) protocol biopsy patient ( p = 0.003). ESKD in disease flare patients was associated with non-response to treatment (OR = 24.6; 95% CI 2.7–219.3; p = 0.004) on multivariate analysis. One-year mortality was 30.0% in the disease flare patients and 3.5% in protocol biopsy patients ( p = 0.018). Conclusion Repeat biopsies in disease flare patients infrequently led to histological class changes, failed to lead to change of treatment in the majority of patients, and were associated with poorer outcomes.
MRI and clinical characteristics of suspected cerebrovascular accident in nine cats
Authors: Whittaker Danielle E , Drees Randi , Beltran Elsa 
Published: August 2017

Objectives Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) are infrequently reported in cats. To date, clinical characteristics, including lesion localisation and MRI findings, have only been reported in two cats. The aim of the current study is to document MRI findings in cats presenting with CVAs over an 11 year period. Cases were reviewed according to initial clinical presentation, subsequent physical and neurological findings, predisposing systemic disease and short- and long-term (when available) outcome with a view to identifying any typical pattern in disease occurrence. Methods Patient records of cats presenting to a single referral centre from January 2005 to September 2016 with acute onset, non-progressive (after 24 h) intracranial signs compatible with a CVA and where an MRI was performed within 72 h were retrospectively reviewed. Results Nine cats met the inclusion criteria. All cats had ischaemic CVAs (presumptively diagnosed in eight cats and confirmed in one cat following post-mortem examination). No cases of haemorrhagic CVAs were identified. Four cats presented with territorial infarcts that were confined to the territory of the rostral or caudal cerebellar arteries (n = 4). Lacunar infarcts were identified in five cats in the location of the cerebrum (n = 1), the thalamus/midbrain (n = 2) and the medulla oblongata (n = 2). Concurrent systemic disease was identified in most (n = 8/9). In the present study short-term prognosis was favourable and 8/9 cats survived to 48 h following admission. Conclusions and relevance CVAs in cats occur in the same vascular territories as in dogs and have similar MRI features. This study notes that the presenting cats had a high likelihood of concurrent disease (8/9 cases) but had a favourable short-term prognosis, if neither the clinical presentation nor concurrent disease were severe.
Case Report of Onychomycosis and Tinea Corporis Due to Microsporum gypseum
Authors: Fike Jesse M. , Kollipara Ramya , Alkul Suzanne , Stetson Cloyce L. 
Published: August 2017

Background: Microsporum gypseum is a geophilic dermatophyte that colonises keratinous substances in the soil. Fur-bearing animals carry this dermatophyte but are rarely infected. Human infection can be acquired from the soil, carrier or infected animals, and rarely other humans. M gypseum is an uncommon cause of cutaneous infection in humans and typically manifests as tinea corporis, tinea barbae, and tinea capitis. Onychomycosis is rarely caused by M gypseum. Case Summary: We present a case of a 32-year-old white man who presented with a red scaly rash and nail dystrophy after adopting a pet rat 10 years prior to presentation. A fungal culture of a nail clipping grew out M gypseum, and the patient was treated with terbinafine daily for 6 weeks for dystrophic onychomycosis and tinea corporis. After the 6 weeks of treatment, the erythema at the proximal nail fold and distal finger had improved but still persisted. An additional 6 weeks of terbinafine daily completely resolved the clinical manifestations of onychomycosis. Conclusion: The increase in incidence of M gypseum onychomycosis over the past 2 decades is thought to be due to phylogenetic evolution of the dermatophyte from soil saprophyte to a human parasite. Increasing domestication of mammals is also thought to contribute to increasing incidence. Treatment consists of an extended course of terbinafine or itraconazole.
Diagnostic performance of central vein sign for multiple sclerosis with a simplified three-lesion algorithm
Authors: Solomon Andrew J , Watts Richard , Ontaneda Daniel , Absinta Martina , Sati Pascal , Reich Daniel S 
Published: August 2017

Background: Detection of a “central vein sign” (CVS) on FLAIR* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly specific and sensitive for multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of simplified CVS algorithms for MS diagnosis. Methods: MRIs from 10 participants with MS without additional comorbidities for MRI white matter abnormalities; 10 with MS and additional comorbidities for white matter abnormalities; 10 with migraine, white matter abnormalities, and no additional comorbidities; and 10 who had previously been erroneously diagnosed with MS were evaluated. 3T MRI T2-FLAIR and T2*-weighted sequences were acquired to create FLAIR* images. Three MS physician reviewers, blinded to diagnosis, evaluated two different algorithms: (1) three lesions pre-selected on FLAIR were subsequently evaluated for CVS on FLAIR*( select3). (2) FLAIR* was evaluated for up to three lesions with CVS ( select3*). Results: For select3, average specificity across reviewers for MS was 0.98 and sensitivity 0.52 and a correct prediction of diagnosis demonstrated kappa = 0.29. For select3*, specificity was 0.81, sensitivity was 0.83, and kappa was 0.31. Conclusion: A simplified determination of CVS in three white matter lesions on 3T FLAIR* MRI demonstrated good specificity and sensitivity and fair inter-rater reliability for a diagnosis of MS and with further study, may be a candidate for clinical application.
Directive and nondirective social support in the workplace – is this social support distinction important for subjective health complaints, job satisfaction, and perception of job demands and job control?
Authors: Johnsen Tone Langjordet , Eriksen Hege Randi , Indahl Aage , Tveito Torill Helene 
Published: August 2017

Aims: Social support is associated with well-being and positive health outcomes. However, positive outcomes of social support might be more dependent on the way support is provided than the amount of support received. A distinction can be made between directive social support, where the provider resumes responsibility, and nondirective social support, where the receiver has the control. This study examined the relationship between directive and nondirective social support, and subjective health complaints, job satisfaction and perception of job demands and job control. Methods: A survey was conducted among 957 Norwegian employees, working in 114 private kindergartens (mean age 40.7 years, SD = 10.5, 92.8% female), as part of a randomized controlled trial. This study used only baseline data. A factor analysis of the Norwegian version of the Social Support Inventory was conducted, identifying two factors: nondirective and directive social support. Hierarchical regression analyses were then performed. Results: Nondirective social support was related to fewer musculoskeletal and pseudoneurological complaints, higher job satisfaction, and the perception of lower job demands and higher job control. Directive social support had the opposite relationship, but was not statistically significant for pseudoneurological complaints. Conclusions: It appears that for social support to be positively related with job characteristics and subjective health complaints, it has to be nondirective. Directive social support was not only without any association, but had a significant negative relationship with several of the variables. Nondirective social support may be an important factor to consider when aiming to improve the psychosocial work environment. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02396797. Registered 23 March 2015.
Radioscapholunate fusion with triquetrum and distal pole of scaphoid excision: long-term follow-up
Authors: Ha Ngoc B. , Phadnis Joideep , MacLean Simon B. M. , Bain Gregory I. 
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term outcomes of radioscapholunate fusion, with and without distal pole of scaphoid excision and excision of the triquetrum. These compromised three operative groups. Seventeen patients were identified with a minimum of 10 years follow-up, with a mean of 15 years (range 10–19). Fifteen of the 17 patients were satisfied with their outcome. Two were converted to total wrist fusion. The mean outcomes scores were; pain visual analogue scale score 2.1/10, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand 29 and Modified Mayo Wrist score 60. Patients with excision of the triquetrum had a mean radial–ulnar arc increase of 10° compared with the other two groups, but this was not statistically significant. The mean space for the scaphocapitate joint was 1.7 mm and lunocapitate joint was 1.3 mm at latest follow-up. Close adherence to the indications and surgical technique provided a sustainable good clinical outcome. Patients who obtained a good result at 2 years were likely to achieve a good long-term outcome. Level of evidence: IV