bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALKALINE PROTEASE, AMYLASE AND CELLULASE ACTIVITIES OF YELLOW RASBORA, Rasbora lateristriataBlkr., AT DIFFERENT FEEDING LEVELS
Authors: Susilo Untung , Sukardi Purnama , Affandi Ridwan 
Published: November 2016

Alkaline proteases, amylase and cellulase activities of digestive organ of yellow rasbora, Rasbora lateristriata Blkr., was evaluated with four different feeding levels of 0.34g protein+0.03g fiber, 1.01g protein+0.10g fiber, 1.69g protein+0.16g fiber and 2.36g protein+0.23g fiber/day/100 g fish biomass. A total of 280 fish with average body weight of 0.71±0.06g were used in this study. The results showed that the difference in the feeding levels resulted in a significant difference in trypsin and chymotrypsin activities (P <. 05), but not for amylase and cellulase activities (P > .05). In conclusion, protein digestion capacity increased, but not to the digestion of starch and fiber in response to different feeding levels and the optimal feeding level for yellow rasbora was 1,01g protein+0,10g fiber/day/100 g fish biomass.
Analisa Penerapan Teknologi UMTS Untuk Mengatasi Permasalahan Kapasitas Pada Jaringan 2G (GSM)
Authors: Hikmaturokhman Alfin , Pamungkas Wahyu , Luthfiana Luthfiana 
Published: November 2016

A high necesarry data service and bigger network capacity becomes a critical issue in the GSM network. One of the good and bad size parameter reference-quality GSM network can be viewed on the performance parameters MLSLOT Allocation Blocking. The default value for parameter MLSLOT Allocation Blocking are ? 40 % that the network is otherwise well. To overcome these problems it is applied to UMTS technology. The study was conducted to determine how the performance of the 2G PT Indosat Tbk. Before and after the application of technology and how it compares to the performance of UMTS cellular network PT Indosat Tbk. before and after implementation of a UMTS network. In conducting this study the authors to collect the necessary data and did the interview if the supervisor does not know From the research the average value MLSlot Bocking Allocation has decreased, for the first sector decreased on average uplink 0.70% to 0.17% down 0.53%.The average downlink 26.49% to 14.98% down 11.51%. Sector 2 uplink average 0.24% to 0.00% down 0.24%, the average downlink 5.16% to 0.04% down 5.12%, Sector 3 uplink average 0.6% to 0.21% down 0.39%, the average downlink 23.99% to14.98% down 9.01%.
An Approach to Next-Generation Water Disaster Study – In Commemoration of the 10th Anniversary of the Establishment of ICHARM –
Authors: Koike Toshio ,   International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management (ICHARM) under the Auspices of UNESCO, Public Works Research Institute (PWRI)  Minamihara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, Takeuchi Kuniyoshi , Egashira Shinji 
Published: November 2016

In March 2015, the Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction adopted the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction with a two-part goal: to prevent new and reduce existing disaster risks through the implementation of integrated and inclusive measures that prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to disaster, and to increase preparedness for response and recovery, thus strengthening resilience. The first priority for action was given to ”understanding disaster risk,” including focusing on the collection and use of data, risk assessment, disaster prevention education, and awareness raising. The stance of emphasizing science and technology was clearly expressed.
In September 2015, the UN Summit meeting adopted the 17 goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Four of the 17 goals include targets related to disaster prevention and mitigation, which has given rise to active discussions over measurement methods and indicators for the targets. The Paris Conference of the UN Climate Change Conference (COP21), held from the end of November to early December 2015, placed an emphasis on the importance of science and technology in both mitigation and adaptation.
In light of these international discussions and their outcomes, we called for papers on the following three topics for this special edition featuring water disasters.
(1) Prevention of new water disaster risks: rainfall prediction, flood and drought prediction, river bed change prediction, climate change, land use plans, etc.
(2) Reduction of existing water disaster risks: disaster data and statistics, risk monitoring, risk assessment, etc.
(3) Resilience reinforcement and inclusive measures: disaster recovery, risk communication, competence development, etc.
Nineteen papers were applied to this special issue. All papers were peer reviewed, and sixteen papers are included herein. We received invaluable comments and suggestions for all applications from the points of view of various fields from many experts in Japan and overseas. We would like to express our gratitude for these.
Experimental Analysis and Model Evaluation of High-Liquid-Viscosity Two-Phase Upward Vertical Pipe Flow
Authors: Al-Ruhaimani F.. , Pereyra E.. , Sarica C.. , Al-Safran E. M. , Torres C. F. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Understanding the behavior of two-phase flow is a key parameter for a proper oil/gas-production-system design. Mechanistic models have been developed and tuned to model the entire production system. Most existing two-phase-flow models are derived from experimental data with low-viscosity liquids (μL &lt; 20 mPa·s). However, behavior of two-phase flow is expected to be significantly different for high-viscosity oil. The effect of high liquid viscosity on two-phase flow is still not well-studied in vertical pipes.
In this study, the effect of high oil viscosity on upward two-phase gas/oil-flow behavior in vertical pipes was studied experimentally and theoretically. A total of 149 air/high-viscosity-oil and 21 air/water experiments were conducted in a vertical pipe with an inner diameter (ID) of 50.8 mm. Six different oil viscosities—586, 401, 287, 213, 162, and 127 mPa·s—were considered. The superficial-liquid and -gas velocities were varied from 0.05 to 0.7 m/s and from 0.5 to 5 m/s, respectively.
Flow pattern, pressure gradient, and average liquid holdup were measured and analyzed in this study. The experimental results were used to evaluate different flow-pattern maps, mechanistic models, and correlations for two-phase flow. Significant discrepancies between experimental and predicted results for pressure gradient were observed.
Anaerobic Codigestion of Grass and Sewage Sludge: Laboratory Experiments and Feasibility Analysis
Authors: Hidaka Taira , Wang Feng , Sakurai Kensuke , Tsumori Jun , Minamiyama Mizuhiko 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT: Grass is drawing attention for its high potential for biogas production. Anaerobic digesters in wastewater treatment plants can be used for producing biogas by processing grass without having to invest in the construction of new treatment facilities. Batch and continuous digestion experiments were conducted to assess the feasibility of codigestion of sewage sludge and grass. The focus was on a thermophilic condition, starting‐up from existing mesophilic anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge only. The batch and continuous experiments used two different sewage sludges. Results demonstrated a methane generation of approximately 0.2 normal liter‐methane/g volatile solids‐grass. The addition of grass did not affect the ammonia concentration and improved the dewaterability of the digested sludge. The start‐up performance from mesophilic digested sewage sludge to thermophilic codigestion with grass was confirmed. A feasibility analysis demonstrated that codigestion is applicable in terms of energy recovery and greenhouse gas emission, depending on the transport distance of grass.
The Effect of Solids Residence Time on Chemical Phosphorus Removal in Low Concentration Applications
Authors: Conidi Daniela , Parker Wayne J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT: The effect of solids residence time (SRT) on steady state phosphorus (P) removal when striving for ultralow concentrations through metal salt addition was studied. Lab‐scale continuous flow sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated under high (6.4 mg P/L; 1.4 mol Fe/mol P) and low (3.4 mg P/L; 2.6 mol Fe/mol P) influent phosphate concentrations to characterize P removal. Residual P concentrations, particle size distribution, and microscopy analyses were determined over a range of SRTs. A majority of P removal (94% with 3.4 mg P/L; 83% with 6.4 mg P/L) occurred immediately after iron (Fe) addition with additional removal in the SBRs (3.3–4.8% with 3.4 mg P/L; 5.5–8.8% with 6.4 mg P/L). Soluble P uptake was higher for SRTs ≤ 7.4 days with 3.4 mg P/L and ≤ 14.3 days with 6.4 mg P/L. Normalized P uptake (μg P/mg total suspended solids [TSS]) decreased with SRT providing evidence that aging changed floc properties relevant to P removal. Floc size was found to have no distinguishable influence on P removal. However, changes in floc morphology were consistent with P removal trends.
Spatial and Temporal Variations in Pollution Indicator Bacteria in the Lower Vaal River, South Africa
Authors: Chidamba Lizyben , Cilliers Elrina , Bezuidenhout Cornelius Carlos 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of microbiological parameters of the Lower Vaal River, with emphasis on the Staphylococci population. River water concentrations of Staphylococci, heterotrophic, total coliforms, fecal coliforms and Streptococci groups of sanitary indicator bacteria were monitored. Results indicated significant contamination from agricultural land use inputs and municipal waste applications. Significant temporal and spatial variation was observed in response to the varying river discharge. Higher microbial concentrations were detected during high river discharge whereas during low river discharge both low and high microbial concentrations were detected. The varying responses associated with river discharge helped to identify the importance of different sources of contamination in the catchment and the mechanisms transferring them. The overall impact of contamination on the water quality of the Vaal River could have potentially serious public health risks but also provide valuable data for integrated water resource management.
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor Codigestion of Algae and Acetate to Produce Methane
Authors: Soboh Yousef M. , Sorensen Darwin L. , Sims Ronald C. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT: Algae grown in wastewater treatment lagoons are a potentially important substrate for biofuel production. The feasibility of using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors in anaerobic digestion of algae to produce methane was investigated. A favorable carbon to nitrogen (C/N) weight ratio of 21/1 was determined in batch reactor experiments in which the ratio was adjusted by blending algal biomass with sodium acetate as a carbon source. This blend of algae and acetate was used in the feedstock applied to the UASB reactors. Duplicate, 34‐L, UASB reactors initially received an organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.9 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L.d at a 7.2‐day hydraulic retention time (HRT). The OLR was gradually increased to 5.4 g/L.d and the HRT was decreased to 5.5 days resulting in a methane production increase from 247 to 298 mL/g COD biodegraded. The COD removal efficiency was 80% with a biogas methane composition of 90%.
El territorial de la globalización. Reflexiones acerca del sistema regional chileno
Authors: Boisier Sergio 
Published: November 2016

En este artículo se analiza el desafío del desarrollo regional-local endógeno en Latinoamérica en el contexto de la dialéctica territorialidad/globalización. Para ello se parte de la necesidad de comprender la globalización como un fenómeno multidimensional, reconociendo las dimensiones más frecuentemente consideradas en esto, como son la dimensión política, la económica, la social y una que no siempre es incluida de manera explícita, como lo es la dimensión geográfica. Con relación a esta última se enfatiza la importancia de incluirla en términos de una dimensión geográfica interna, y también como una dimensión geográfica externa.Comprender el desarrollo regional desde esta dialéctica globalización territorialidad supone reconocer la interacción entre fuerzas internas y externas del desarrollo, que tienen la capacidad necesaria como para reconfigurar a las regiones. En este contexto, el desafío para los territorios es organizarse como regiones pivotales, que articulen una apertura externa económica con una apertura interna política, así como la interpenetración de lo público y lo privado en la gestión regional.Las regiones pivotales son aquellos territorios con una organización compleja, en los cuales existen variedad de subsistemas jerarquizados de maneras no lineales. Las regiones pivotales también se caracterizan por su cultura generadora de identidad. Desde esta concepción orientada al desarrollo regional, la cultura regional se sintetiza como una manera de ver el mundo y de relacionarse con él. Estas regiones complejas también necesitan una modernización del Estado en términos territoriales, que en buena medida va de la mano de la capacidad para generar y organizar información.
Avances y límites de la sustentabilidad social
Authors: FOLADORI GUILLERMO 
Published: November 2016

Cuando se habla de medio ambiente en términos comunes, se está considerando la naturaleza externa al ser humano. No obstante, toda la discusión sobre la moderna crisis ambiental y sobre una alternativa ambientalmente más saludable para el desarrollo humano considera a la sociedad humana como parte del medio ambiente. El propio concepto de desarrollo sustentable desde su nacimiento incorporó una sustentabilidad social y económica a la sustentabilidad ambiental. En este artículo se analiza ese camino de la sustentabilidad social o socio-ambiental en el discurso del desarrollo sustentable. Llegamos a la conclusión de que, aun cuando se haya avanzado en el tema de la sustentabilidad social, tanto en las políticas de desarrollo como en la discusión académica existen ciertas barreras colocadas por la propia lógica de funcionamiento del sistema capitalista, que limitan la viabilidad de la sustentabilidad social.
Emergencia de la nueva cultura institucional: impacto en la transformación del escenario de la globalización económica
Authors: VARGAS HERNÁNDEZ JOSÉ GPE. 
Published: November 2016

Este trabajo se propone analizar los cambios de la cultura institucional en el escenario de la globalización económica que influyen y promueven transformaciones en las instituciones y organizaciones. Tales modificaciones inciden en la emergencia de una nueva cultura que orienta el diseño de nuevos arreglos institucionales mediante el aprendizaje para adaptarse a las nuevas demandas del entorno. A partir de las teorías neoinstitucionalistas del cambio de cultura política, trata de explicarse el cambio institucional ejercido por protagonistas de la globalización desde abajo y nuevos movimientos sociales. Se avanza como conclusión que el aprendizaje cultural institucional es una solución racional de la dificultad para predecir los efectos de los arreglos de la reforma institucional.
Seguimiento al comportamiento del mercado de tierras rurales a través de un GIS, Santander Colombia
Authors: Lozano-Botache Ricardo 
Published: November 2016

A pesar de los marcos legales, las iniciativas y acciones de política pública, los derechos de propiedad sobre la tierra siguen siendo usurpados o impedidos con métodos violentos en algunos países. Este trabajo de investigación desde el marco referencial de la Administración de Tierras, el neoinstitucionalismo y las herramientas computacionales sistemas de información geográfica (SIG), presenta un modelo de observatorio regional de precios, que por la secuencia de datos y calidad de proceso informático puede mantenerse a través del tiempo como referente en procesos agrarios, de restitución de tierras a víctimas del despojo y en la ejecución de proyectos de desarrollo social o de infraestructuras productivas.
Peritoneal Dialysis Access Revision in Children: Causes, Interventions, and Outcomes
Authors: Borzych-Duzalka Dagmara , Aki T. Fazil , Azocar Marta , White Colin , Harvey Elizabeth , Mir Sevgi , Adragna Marta , Serdaroglu Erkin , Sinha Rajiv , Samaille Charlotte , Vanegas Juan Jose , Kari Jameela , Barbosa Lorena , Bagga Arvind , Galanti Monica , Yavascan Onder , Leozappa Giovanna , Szczepanska Maria , Vondrak Karel , Tse Kei-Chiu , Schaefer Franz , Warady Bradley A. ,   for the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network (IPPN) Registry
Published: November 2016

Background and objectives
Little published information is available about access failure in children undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. Our objectives were to evaluate frequency, risk factors, interventions, and outcome of peritoneal dialysis access revision.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Data were derived from 824 incident and 1629 prevalent patients from 105 pediatric nephrology centers enrolled in the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network Registry between 2007 and 2015.

Results
In total, 452 access revisions were recorded in 321 (13%) of 2453 patients over 3134 patient-years of follow-up, resulting in an overall access revision rate of 0.14 per treatment year. Among 824 incident patients, 186 (22.6%) underwent 188 access revisions over 1066 patient-years, yielding an access revision rate of 0.17 per treatment year; 83% of access revisions in incident patients were reported within the first year of peritoneal dialysis treatment. Catheter survival rates in incident patients were 84%, 80%, 77%, and 73% at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months, respectively. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, risk of access revision was associated with younger age (odds ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 0.95; P<0.001), diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.59; P=0.02), coexisting ostomies (odds ratio, 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.87; P=0.01), presence of swan neck tunnel with curled intraperitoneal portion (odds ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.63; P=0.02), and high gross national income (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.19; P=0.01). Main reasons for access revisions included mechanical malfunction (60%), peritonitis (16%), exit site infection (12%), and leakage (6%). Need for access revision increased the risk of peritoneal dialysis technique failure or death (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.65; P=0.003). Access dysfunction due to mechanical causes doubled the risk of technique failure compared with infectious causes (hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 2.30; P=0.03).

Conclusions
Peritoneal dialysis catheter revisions are common in pediatric patients on peritoneal dialysis and complicate provision of chronic peritoneal dialysis. Attention to potentially modifiable risk factors by pediatric nephrologists and pediatric surgeons should be encouraged.
Incidence Trends and Predictors of Hospitalization for Hypoglycemia in 17,230 Adult Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Danish Register Linkage Cohort Study
Authors: Ishtiak-Ahmed Kazi , Carstensen Bendix , Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik , Jørgensen Marit E. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to examine nationwide incidence trends and predictors of hospitalization for hypoglycemia (HH) in the adult population with type 1 diabetes in Denmark.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
All 17,230 patients with type 1 diabetes aged 16 years and above registered in the Danish Adult Diabetes Database (DADD) from 2006 were followed to 2012 by linkage of registers. Incidence rates of HH were modeled by Poisson regression by calendar time, taking sex, age, diabetes duration, clinical variables, and previous HH into account.

RESULTS
A total of 2,369 events of HH occurred among 1,735 patients with type 1 diabetes of HH during 70,002 patient-years (mean follow-up 3.7 years). A decrease in incidence rate was observed with calendar time with an 8.4% (4.9–11.7%) annual decrease. Predictors of HH included previous HH, age, diabetes duration, albuminuria, and HbA1c.

CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed a decreasing trend in incidence of HH in patients with type 1 diabetes. Previous HH, longer diabetes duration, macroalbuminuria, and HbA1c were associated with increased risk of HH in type 1 diabetes, and attention to those factors is warranted in both clinical and public health aspects.
Perioperative characteristics of dogs undergoing open versus laparoscopic-assisted cystotomy for treatment of cystic calculi: 89 cases (2011–2015)
Authors: Singh Ameet , Hoddinott Katie , Morrison Shauna , Oblak Michelle L. , Brisson Brigitte A. , Ogilvie Adam T. , Monteith Gabrielle , Denstedt John D. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare perioperative characteristics of dogs with cystic calculi treated via open versus laparoscopic-assisted cystotomy (LAC).
DESIGN Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS 89 client-owned dogs that underwent open cystotomy (n = 39) or LAC (50).
PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs that underwent cystotomy between 2011 and 2015 were reviewed. History, signalment, surgery date, results of physical examination, results of preoperative diagnostic testing, details of surgical treatment, duration of surgery, perioperative complications, treatment costs, and duration of hospitalization were recorded.
RESULTS 5 of 50 (10%) dogs required conversion from LAC to open cystotomy (OC). There was no significant difference between the LAC (1/50) and OC (2/39) groups with regard to percentage of patients with incomplete removal of calculi. Duration of surgery was not significantly different between the LAC (median, 80 min; range, 35 to 145 min) and OC (median, 70 min; range, 45 to 120 min) groups. Postoperative duration of hospitalization was significantly shorter for dogs that underwent LAC (median, 24 hours; range, 12 to 48 hours) versus OC (median, 26 hours; range, 12 to 63 hours). Surgical and total procedural costs were significantly higher for patients undergoing LAC.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that LAC may be an acceptable minimally invasive technique for treatment of cystic calculi in dogs. Surgery times were similar to those for dogs undergoing OC; however, surgical and total procedural costs were higher. Further investigation is suggested to determine which patients may benefit from LAC versus traditional OC.
RADIO PROPERTIES OF THE BAT AGNs: THE FIR–RADIO RELATION, THE FUNDAMENTAL PLANE, AND THE MAIN SEQUENCE OF STAR FORMATION
Authors: Smith Krista Lynne , Mushotzky Richard F. , Vogel Stuart , Shimizu Thomas T. , Miller Neal 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We conducted 22 GHz 1″ JVLA imaging of 70 radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the Swift-BAT survey. We find radio cores in all but three objects. The radio morphologies of the sample fall into three groups: compact and core-dominated, extended, and jet-like. We spatially decompose each image into core flux and extended flux, and compare the extended radio emission with that predicted from previous Herschel observations using the canonical FIR–radio relation. After removing the AGN contribution to the FIR and radio flux densities, we find that the relation holds remarkably well despite the potentially different star formation physics in the circumnuclear environment. We also compare our core radio flux densities with predictions of coronal models and scale-invariant jet models for the origin of radio emission in radio-quiet AGNs, and find general consistency with both models. However, we find that the L
R/L
X relation does not distinguish between star formation and non-relativistic AGN-driven outflows as the origin of radio emission in radio-quiet AGNs. Finally, we examine where objects with different radio morphologies fall in relation to the main sequence (MS) of star formation, and conclude that those AGNs that fall below the MS, as X-ray selected AGNs have been found to do, have core-dominated or jet-like 22 GHz morphologies.