bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal for the development of biologics in pediatric rheumatology
Authors: Mori Masaaki , Nakagawa Masao , Tsuchida Nao , Kawada Kou , Sato Junko , Sakiyama Michiyo , Hirano Shinya , Sato Katsuaki , Nakamura Hidefumi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn order to assess the development, approval and early introduction into clinical practice of biologics in the pediatric field, we herein describe the current status of the development to approval of biologics as anti‐rheumatic agents for children in Japan, discuss the present problems and provide a proposal for the future. It has become apparent that the duration of the review period required for the preparation of clinical trials and Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency approval is clearly reduced compared with the past. Thus, it was speculated that a rate‐limiting step in the process from development to approval was the duration of clinical trials from start to end. Hence, we focused on the following key words with regard to promotion of the development of biologics and their early practical use: “registry”, “centralization”, and “global cooperation”, all of which are related to the reduction of duration of a clinical trial. In conclusion, to reduce the duration of a clinical trial, it is essential to complete a world‐scale registry system by developing the registry system established by the Pediatric Rheumatology Association of Japan. The next step is then to carefully plan to participate in the international network using the world‐scale registry system, and develop global cooperative trials in which we can ensure a sufficient number of entries from Japan.
Questionnaire survey on mumps vaccination for parents in Nara prefecture, Japan
Authors: Kitano Taito , Nishikawa Hiroki , Onaka Masayuki , Ishihara Mariko , Nishiyama Atsuko , Yoshida Sayaka 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the mumps vaccine has not been included in the national immunization program (NIP) in Japan, it has been shown that a two‐dose routine vaccine program would be highly cost‐effective. In this study, we carried outa questionnaire‐based study to investigate how many Japanese parents want the mumps vaccine to be included in the NIP with proper information.MethodsThe questionnaire was given to parents who visited the Pediatrics or neonatal intensive care unit of Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara City, Japan, between 1 March 2017 and 31 August 2017. The questionnaire consisted of information about mumps and six questions, for example (i) do parents know that mumps can be prevented by vaccine; (ii) do they know that they need to pay for mumps vaccines; and (iii) do they hope that the government will resume routine mumps vaccination.ResultsIn total, 1,224 parents answered the questionnaire. A total of 81% and 75.4% of parents knew that mumps can be prevented by vaccination and that mumps vaccine is not included in the NIP, respectively, before reading the information. After reading the information, 95.0% of parents thought that mumps vaccine should be included in the NIP. While 61.7% of parents answered that they would choose two‐dose vaccination without governmental financial support, 92.1% of them would choose two‐dose vaccination with governmental financial support (P < 0.0001).ConclusionJapanese parents want the mumps vaccine to be included in the NIP. Japan is able to start routine use of the mumps vaccine now.
Survey of rotavirus‐associated severe complications in Aichi Prefecture
Authors: Hattori Fumihiko , Kawamura Yoshiki , Kawada Jun‐ichi , Kojima Seiji , Natsume Jun , Ito Koichi , Saito Shinji , Kitagawa Yoshiro , Okumura Akihisa , Yoshikawa Tetsushi ,   the Aichi Pediatric Clinical Study Group
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundRotavirus can, rarely, cause severe complications such as encephalopathy/encephalitis, myocarditis, sudden death, urinary stone, and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding; and the incidence of these severe complications remains unclear. Additionally, it has not been determined whether rotavirus (RV) vaccine could reduce cases of severe complications or not.MethodsA two‐part questionnaire was designed to determine the number and clinical features of severe complications between 1 September 2008 and 31 August 2015, including the observation periods before and after RV vaccine introduction in Aichi Prefecture.ResultsTwenty‐four cases of encephalitis/encephalopathy, eight cases of sudden death, three cases of urinary tract stone, and three cases of GI bleeding were reported during the 2008/2009 season and the 2012/2013 seasons. Although five cases of encephalitis/encephalopathy were reported, no other cases of severe complications were reported during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. No age difference was noted according to type of complication. Although onset of encephalitis/encephalopathy and of sudden death was around day 2 of illness, that of urinary tract stone and GI bleeding was slightly later (day 6 and day 4). In addition to the eight sudden deaths, fatal outcome was also noted in four cases (13.8%) of encephalitis/encephalopathy, and in one case of GI bleeding.ConclusionAccording to the questionnaire survey in Aichi Prefecture, the incidence of the four severe RV‐associated complications appears to have declined as the vaccination rate has increased.
Can Google Trends Improve Your Sales Forecast?
Authors: Boone Tonya , Ganeshan Ram , Hicks Robert L. , Sanders Nada R. 
Published: December 2017

In this issue, Cui et al. ( 2018 ) show how the quantity and quality of user‐generated Facebook data can be used to enhance product forecasts. The intent of this note is to show how another type of user‐generated content—customer search data, specifically one obtained from Google Trends—can be used to reduce out‐of‐sample forecast errors. Based on our work with an online retailer, we bolster Cui et al. ( 2018 ) result by showing that adding customer search data to time series models improves out‐of‐sample forecast errors.
Biogeographic history of subterranean isopods from groundwater calcrete islands in Western Australia
Authors: Javidkar Mohammad , Cooper Steven J. B. , Humphreys William F. , King Rachael A. , Judd Simon , Austin Andrew D. 
Published: December 2017

Groundwater calcretes in arid central Western Australia contain a diverse invertebrate groundwater fauna (stygofauna). Surveys have uncovered a diverse oniscidean isopod subterranean fauna above the water table (troglofauna), including species of a recently described genus Paraplatyarthrus. The aim of this study was to investigate the biogeographic history of Paraplatyarthrus and the timing of transitions from surface to subterranean habitats. Phylogenetic relationships among the isopod troglofauna from 11 groundwater calcretes along three palaeodrainage systems were assessed using one mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), and two nuclear markers, lysyl‐tRNA synthetase (LysRS) and 18S rRNA (18S) genes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed multiple sister lineage relationships between troglophile and troglobite lineages and evidence for divergent mtDNA lineages within species, providing a range of nodes for dating evolutionary transitions from surface to subterranean habitats. Relaxed molecular clock analyses provided evidence that evolutionary transitions from surface to subterranean environments took place between 13.3 and 1.75 million years ago, coinciding with the onset of aridification of Australia from the late Tertiary. In cases where groundwater calcretes contained multiple species, the taxa were not closely related phylogenetically, suggesting that these calcretes were independently colonised by multiple ancestral species. The study further confirmed the role of late/post‐Miocene aridification as a key driver of the evolution of subterranean invertebrates in the calcrete islands of Western Australia, supporting the climatic relict hypothesis. Troglobites most likely evolved from the troglophile ancestors that were capable of dispersal among, and active colonisation of, calcretes.
The Effects of Ten Weekly Plyometric Training of Judokas on Anaerobic Power
Authors: Uzun Ahmet , Karakoc Onder 
Published: December 2017

This study was conducted to determine the effects of ten weekly plyometric training on anaerobic power in judokas. 30 male judokas participated in the study and the subjects were divided into two groups as an experimental (15 male age = 21,40 ± 1,99) and control (15 male age = 21,53 ± 1,80) groups. Judo training programme was applied in both groups for 3 days / 90 minutes per week. Experimental and control group were made warm up exercises for 20 minutes. Both groups continued with the special preparatory period judo training program. After warm up exercises, experimental group judokas were made plyometric training consisting of 15 different movements for 20 minutes. Then they were allowed to continue the judo training. As the groups showed normal distribution, Paired Samples T-Test was applied for the significance between pre-test and post-test measurements of the groups. Independent Samples T-Test was used to analyze the difference between the test group and control group. The Independent Samples T-Test was used to analyze the difference between the experimental group and the control group. As a result of the plyometric training, when the pre-test and post-test differences of the physical measurement parameters for the experimental and control groups were compared, the mean values of back strength, anaerobic power and body fat percentage were found to be significant(p0.05).
As a result, it is seen that the regular plyometric exercises increase the performance of anaerobic power to judokas. It can be said that putting plyometric training besides judo training has a positive effect for performance.
Skeletal muscle microvascular and interstitial from rest to contractions
Authors: Hirai Daniel M. , Craig Jesse C. , Colburn Trenton D. , Eshima Hiroaki , Kano Yutaka , Sexton William L. , Musch Timothy I. , Poole David C. 
Published: December 2017

Key points
Oxygen pressure gradients across the microvascular walls are essential for oxygen diffusion from blood to tissue cells. At any given flux, the magnitude of these transmural gradients is proportional to the local resistance.
The greatest resistance to oxygen transport into skeletal muscle is considered to reside in the short distance between red blood cells and myocytes. Although crucial to oxygen transport, little is known about transmural pressure gradients within skeletal muscle during contractions.
We evaluated oxygen pressures within both the skeletal muscle microvascular and interstitial spaces to determine transmural gradients during the rest–contraction transient in anaesthetized rats.
The significant transmural gradient observed at rest was sustained during submaximal muscle contractions.
Our findings support that the blood–myocyte interface provides substantial resistance to oxygen diffusion at rest and during contractions and suggest that modulations in microvascular haemodynamics and red blood cell distribution constitute primary mechanisms driving increased transmural oxygen flux with contractions.
AbstractOxygen pressure () gradients across the blood–myocyte interface are required for diffusive O2 transport, thereby supporting oxidative metabolism. The greatest resistance to O2 flux into skeletal muscle is considered to reside between the erythrocyte surface and adjacent sarcolemma, although this has not been measured during contractions. We tested the hypothesis that O2 gradients between skeletal muscle microvascular () and interstitial () spaces would be present at rest and maintained or increased during contractions. and were determined via phosphorescence quenching (Oxyphor probes G2 and G4, respectively) in the exposed rat spinotrapezius during the rest–contraction transient (1 Hz, 6 V; n = 8). was higher than in all instances from rest (34.9 ± 6.0 versus 15.7 ± 6.4) to contractions (28.4 ± 5.3 versus 10.6 ± 5.2 mmHg, respectively) such that the mean gradient throughout the transient was 16.9 ± 6.6 mmHg (P < 0.05 for all). No differences in the amplitude of fall with contractions were observed between the microvasculature and interstitium (10.9 ± 2.3 versus 9.0 ± 3.5 mmHg, respectively; P > 0.05). However, the speed of the fall during contractions was slower than that of (time constant: 12.8 ± 4.7 versus 9.0 ± 5.1 s, respectively; P < 0.05). Consistent with our hypothesis, a significant transmural gradient was sustained (but not increased) from rest to contractions. This supports that the blood–myocyte interface is the site of a substantial gradient driving O2 diffusion during metabolic transients. Based on Fick's law, elevated O2 flux with contractions must thus rely primarily on modulations in effective diffusing capacity (mainly erythrocyte haemodynamics and distribution) as the gradient is not increased.
Control
of Three Degrees-of-Freedom Wave Energy Converters Using Pseudo-Spectral
Methods
Authors: Abdelkhalik Ossama , Zou Shangyan , Robinett Rush , Bacelli Giorgio , Wilson David , Coe Ryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This paper presents a solution to the optimal control problem of a three degrees-of-freedom (3DOF) wave energy converter (WEC). The three modes are the heave, pitch, and surge. The dynamic model is characterized by a coupling between the pitch and surge modes, while the heave is decoupled. The heave, however, excites the pitch motion through nonlinear parametric excitation in the pitch mode. This paper uses Fourier series (FS) as basis functions to approximate the states and the control. A simplified model is first used where the parametric excitation term is neglected and a closed-form solution for the optimal control is developed. For the parametrically excited case, a sequential quadratic programming approach is implemented to solve for the optimal control numerically. Numerical results show that the harvested energy from three modes is greater than three times the harvested energy from the heave mode alone. Moreover, the harvested energy using a control that accounts for the parametric excitation is significantly higher than the energy harvested when neglecting this nonlinear parametric excitation term.
Study protocol for a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial central venous catheters versus ordinary central venous catheters at reducing catheter related infections in critically ill Chinese patients
Authors: Wu Minming , Chen Yao , Du Bin , Kang Yan 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionCatheter use is associated with many complications and is an iatrogenic source of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units (ICU). The catheter being studied (Certofix Protect) was developed to reduce the risk of catheter related infections. This clinical trial will compare the safety and efficiency of Certofix Protect with that of an ordinary Certofix catheter.Methods and analysisIn this multicentre trial, we will randomly assigned dual lumen central venous catheterisation (≥5 ds) in patients in the adult ICU to the antimicrobial central venous catheter (CVC) group or the ordinary CVC group. We plan to recruit 12–16 medical centres in China. Our main objective is to assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial CVCs in reducing catheter related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), all cause mortality, catheter colonisation, catheter related thrombosis and other catheter related complications. The primary outcome is the incidence of CRBSI.Ethics and disseminationThe ethics committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University has granted ethics approval for this study (27 January 2015). The results will be published in peer reviewed journals and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberNCT02645682.
Wait a minute? An observational cohort study comparing iron stores in healthy Swedish infants at 4 months of age after 10-, 60- and 180-second umbilical cord clamping
Authors: Askelöf Ulrica , Andersson Ola , Domellöf Magnus , Fasth Anders , Hallberg Boubou , Hellström-Westas Lena , Pettersson Karin , Westgren Magnus , Wiklund Ingela E , Götherström Cecilia 
Published: December 2017

Background and objectiveUmbilical cord blood (UCB) is a valuable stem cell source used for transplantation. Immediate umbilical cord (UC) clamping is widely practised, but delayed UC clamping is increasingly advocated to reduce possible infant anaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate an intermediate UC clamping time point and to evaluate iron status at the age of 4 months in infants who had the UC clamped after 60 s and compare the results with immediate and late UC clamping.DesignProspective observational study with two historical controls.SettingA university hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, and a county hospital in Halland, Sweden.MethodsIron status was assessed at 4 months in 200 prospectively recruited term infants whose UC was clamped 60 s after birth. The newborn baby was held below the uterine level for the first 30 s before placing the infant on the mother’s abdomen for additional 30 s. The results were compared with data from a previously conducted randomised controlled trial including infants subjected to UC clamping at ≤10 s (n=200) or ≥180 s (n=200) after delivery.ResultsAfter adjustment for age differences at the time of follow-up, serum ferritin concentrations were 77, 103 and 114 µg/L in the 10, 60 and 180 s groups, respectively. The adjusted ferritin concentration was significantly higher in the 60 s group compared with the 10 s group (P=0.002), while the difference between the 60 and 180 s groups was not significant (P=0.29).ConclusionIn this study of healthy term infants, 60 s UC clamping with 30 s lowering of the baby below the uterine level resulted in higher serum ferritin concentrations at 4 months compared with 10 s UC clamping. The results suggest that delaying the UC clamping for 60 s reduces the risk for iron deficiency.Trial registration numberNCT01245296.
Association between total dose of ritodrine hydrochloride and pulmonary oedema in twin pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Shinohara Satoshi , Sunami Rei , Uchida Yuzo , Hirata Shuji , Suzuki Kohta 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivePulmonary oedema is recognised as a severe side effect of ritodrine hydrochloride. Recently, the number of twin pregnancies has been increasing. Few studies have reported the association between total dose of ritodrine hydrochloride prior to delivery and pulmonary oedema in twin pregnancy. We aimed to examine this association and determine the optimal cut-off threshold of total ritodrine hydrochloride dose to predict the incidence of pulmonary oedema in twin pregnancy based on obstetric records.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingYamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Japan.ParticipantsTwo hundred and twenty-six women with twin pregnancy who delivered at Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital between September 2009 and November 2016.MethodsThe obstetric records of the participants were analysed. We defined 1 unit of ritodrine hydrochloride as 72 mg per 24 hours continuous transfusion at 50 µg/min to calculate the dose of ritodrine used for tocolysis.Outcome measuresMultivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between total dose of ritodrine hydrochloride used for threatened preterm labour and pulmonary oedema, while controlling for potential confounding factors. Then, a receiver–operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off of total ritodrine dose to predict pulmonary oedema incidence.ResultsMean maternal age was 32 (range, 18–46) years; 143 participants were nulliparous (63.3%), 109 had (48.2%) term deliveries and 194 (85.8%) had caesarean deliveries. The overall incidence of pulmonary oedema was 13.7% (31/226). Multivariable analysis showed that the total dose of ritodrine was significantly associated with pulmonary oedema (adjusted OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.004 to 1.03). The best cut-off point to predict the incidence of pulmonary oedema was 26 units (1872 mg) (sensitivity, 61.3%; specificity, 87.8%).ConclusionOur results suggest that consideration of the total dose of ritodrine hydrochloride is helpful in the management of patients with threatened preterm labour in twin pregnancy.
Development and validation of a priori risk model for extensive white matter lesions in people age 65 years or older: the Dijon MRI study
Authors: Tully Phillip J , Qchiqach Sarah , Pereira Edwige , Debette Stephanie , Mazoyer Bernard , Tzourio Christophe 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesThe objective was to develop and validate a risk model for the likelihood of extensive white matter lesions (extWML) to inform clinicians on whether to proceed with or forgo diagnostic MRI.DesignPopulation-based cohort study and multivariable prediction model.SettingTwo representative samples from France.ParticipantsPersons aged 60–80 years without dementia or stroke. Derivation sample n=1714; validation sample n=789.Primary and secondary outcome measuresVolume of extWML (log cm3) was obtained from T2-weighted images in a 1.5 T scanner. 20 candidate risk factors for extWML were evaluated with the C-statistic. Secondary outcomes in validation included incident stroke over 12 years follow-up.ResultsThe multivariable prediction model included six clinical risk factors (C-statistic=0.61). A cut-off of 7 points on the multivariable prediction model yielded the optimum balance in sensitivity 63.7% and specificity 54.0% and the negative predictive value was high (81.8%), but the positive predictive value was low (31.5%). In further validation, incident stroke risk was associated with continuous scores on the multivariable prediction model (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04, P=0.02) and dichotomised scores from the multivariable prediction model (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.60, P=0.03).ConclusionsA simple clinical risk equation for WML constituted by six variables can inform decisions whether to proceed with or forgo brain MRI. The high-negative predictive value demonstrates potential to reduce unnecessary MRI in the population aged 60–80 years.