bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Argument Case Leveling toward Genitive
Authors: Madariaga Nerea , Romanova Olga 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article contributes to the study of a productive morphosyntactic mechanism in a peculiar type of linguistic variety, the Russian language of Odessa (OdR). This variety was born as a lingua franca in the city of Odessa soon after its foundation, implying the massive acquisition of the Russian language in a nonnative way in its initial stages. Afterwards, it was transmitted to successive generations as a native variety, albeit preserving some of the initial traits. One of the most characteristic traits of OdR is the leveling of argument marking not in favor of accusative/nominative cases, as expected, but in favor of genitive marking. The use of genitive case, i.e., differential genitive case marking on subjects and objects instead of nominative/accusative, is partially present in most Slavic languages. However, in OdR, genitive case spread massively to a wide range of new syntactic positions. We show that the reason for this extension lay in (i) the confluence of different languages and dialects, which involved incomplete acquisition by many inhabitants of the city and notably Yiddish speakers, and (ii) the transmission of innovative traits through bilingual speakers, who followed specific language-internal rules operating also in Child Russian.
The Impact of Turbulent Transport Efficiency on Surface Vertical Heat Fluxes in the Arctic Stable Boundary Layer Predicted from Similarity Theory and Machine Learning
Authors: Huss Jannis-Michael , Thomas Christoph K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We analyzed 14 days of observations from sonic anemometry and high-resolution fiber-optic distributed sensing collected in the stable boundary layer (SBL). The study sought to evaluate if and under which conditions the sensible heat flux is related to the temperature gradient. Machine learning methods were employed to identify drivers of and model heat fluxes. We found the recently proposed coupling metric Ω defined as the ratio of the buoyancy length scale and measurement height to delineate physically meaningful transport regimes. The regime transition marks the point where static stability, in addition to the vertical turbulence strength, controls the heat transport, which is rather gradual than abrupt. The maximum downward heat flux is reached when one-third of turbulent eddies exceed the opposing buoyancy forces in the SBL. We found evidence that even for large Ω a substantial fraction of the turbulent transport is nonequilibrium. The nondimensional temperature gradient is better explained by variations in Ω than ζ = zL−1 from Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. Its continuous organization with Ω across stabilities suggests that the vertical heat transport always remains coupled to the surface, but its efficiency and the resulting flux vary. Forty-three percent of the total enthalpy is exchanged during conditions of limited transport efficiency in the very SBL despite the small flux magnitude of ≤7 W m−2, which underlines the importance of quantifying the weak surface exchange for polar regions. When predicting sensible heat fluxes using mean quantities from weather stations, the net longwave radiative forcing and the horizontal wind speed are the most important predictors representing stratification and bulk shear.

Significance Statement
Climate warming is amplified in polar regions, but quantifying heat transfer is complicated since mixing is weak and sporadic. We aim to understand when and why measurements taken in the lowest meters above snow can be used to quantify the surface heat transfer and if common modeling concepts are valid. We found that the measured heat transfer for weak winds and clear skies is connected to the snow surface only to a small degree in 66% of all cases at a much (−65%) reduced magnitude compared to strong wind or cloudy cases. However, 43% of the total heat is exchanged during these conditions and thus must be included in surface heat budgets. Classic modeling concepts systematically underpredicted the exchanged heat budget by 12% across all conditions which limits their utility in polar regions.
On the Use of Hindcast Skill for Merging NMME Seasonal Forecasts across the Western United States
Authors: Scheftic William D. , Zeng Xubin , Brunke Michael A. , DeFlorio Michael J. , Ouyed Amir , Sanden Ellen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Multimodel ensemble forecasts have gained widespread use over the past decade. A yet unresolved issue is whether forecast skill benefits from the use of prior skill from each model in providing a weighted combination. Here, we use the available seasonal ensemble forecasts of six models from the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) to study various aspects of prior skill–based weighting schemes and explore ways to merge multimodel forecasts. First, we postprocess each NMME model through quantile mapping and a simple spread error adjustment. Then, using an equal weighted combination as the baseline forecast, we test merging the models together through skill-based weights by varying the prior skill metric and varying how the metrics are aggregated across the different subbasins and time of year. Results confirm prior work that the combined forecasts do outperform individual models. When evaluating prior skill, equal weighting generally performed as well as or slightly better than all weighting schemes tried. The skill of the weighting scheme was not found to be strongly dependent on prior metric but did improve when aggregating all forecasted months and subbasins together to provide one overall weight to each model. Also, we found that including an offset to the prior metric that nudged the weights closer to equal weighting improves skill especially at longer leads where individual model skill is low. Results also show that the weighting schemes performed better than regression-based techniques including multiple linear regression and random forest.

Significance Statement
Here, we test how effective the past performance of seasonal climate models can be used for generating weights to merge multiple models together using the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) for forecasting temperature and precipitation across the western United States. Our results showed there was little benefit in using prior performance compared to weighting all six NMME models equally. The performance of the weighted forecasts was not strongly dependent on the choice of performance metric or over how many months or basins performance was pooled. An important finding is that when only one or two models were used for merging, performance was reduced relative to equal weighting; however, if three or more models were used, performance was nearly the same.
Creating HOPE: A Holistic Model to Increase Belonging Among Parenting Students
Authors: Hoiland Sarah L. , Lee JungHang , Valdés-Portela Norberto Michel Hernández 
Published: September 2024

Background/Context: The Holistic Oasis for Parents’ Education (HOPE) Program is an on-campus summer program designed to serve the whole student with a three-dimensional support model. Low-income, Black, and Hispanic parents experienced some of the most egregious effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which reflects the demographics of one in three Hostos Community College students. This five-year National Science Foundation grant–funded research program provides crucial support and research on an underserved and understudied group in higher education: pregnant and parenting students. Purpose of Study: The purpose of this paper is to describe the history and context of parenting students at Hostos Community College, to describe the HOPE three-dimensional (3D) model, to provide some preliminary findings on belonging from our first two cohorts, and to share challenges and future directions. Research Design: This study utilizes a mixed methods approach that includes qualitative and quantitative research with each HOPE cohort of parenting students and quantitative research with a quasi-control group of parenting students. Conclusion/Recommendations: The research on belonging from the first two years of the HOPE Program demonstrates a positive sense of belonging to the program and to their peers in the program. The HOPE 3D model stands as an example of effective holistic programming for pregnant and parenting students but could be adopted or adapted for other groups of underrepresented students.
Venous sinus diverticulum in patients with pulsatile tinnitus: An acquired lesion
Authors: Abdalkader Mohamad , Klein Piers , Aliphas Avner , Weber Peter , Nguyen Thanh N 
Published: September 2024

Background The etiopathogenesis of venous sinus diverticulum is controversial. Conflicting evidence has been published suggesting that venous sinus diverticulum is either a congenital or acquired lesion. Methods This is a case report of a single individual followed for 17 years within a single healthcare system. Results An early middle-aged woman presented with unilateral pulsatile tinnitus, vertigo, and decreased hearing. Initial imaging was unrevealing. Interval imaging after 13 years revealed the development of an ipsilateral venous sinus diverticulum. The patient was treated via endovascular stenting and coiling of the lesion with complete resolution of symptoms. Conclusions We demonstrate that a venous sinus diverticulum in a patient with pulsatile tinnitus is an acquired lesion. Further research is warranted to better elucidate the precise etiology and pathophysiology of acquired venous sinus diverticulum, potentially guiding management strategies.
Cerebral vasculitis as clinical manifestation of neuroborreliosis: Pattern of vascular pathology and prognostic factors of outcome
Authors: Winter Yaroslav , Simon Ole J. , Spreer Annette , Othman Ahmed E , Altmann Sebastian , Brandt Moritz , Barlinn Kristian , Back Tobias , Civelek Arda , Bach Jan-Philipp , Schiffer Julia , Dresel Christian , Meuth Sven , Bittner Stefan , Groppa Sergiu , Brummer Tobias 
Published: September 2024

Background: Neuroborreliosis is a tick-borne condition that affects the central and/or peripheral nervous system. Cerebral infarction associated with neuroborreliosis-related vasculitis has been reported in only a handful of cases. Therefore, specific patterns of vascular pathology and prognostic outcome factors are still incompletely understood. Aim: To determine the pattern of vascular pathology and prognostic outcome factors in patients with neuroborreliosis-related vasculitis. Methods: We performed a longitudinal multicenter study between 1997 and 2022 in five academic study sites in Germany with a cumulative reference area of 1,620,000 inhabitants. All patients diagnosed with neuroborreliosis-associated cerebral vasculitis were included. The evaluation of clinical parameters, including NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), disability ranking (modified Rankin Scale, mRS), and neuroimaging, was performed at admission as well as after 3 and 12 months. Linear regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of recurrent strokes, involvement of posterior circulation, or multiple vessels. Results: Patients with neuroborreliosis-related vasculitis (n = 51) were relatively young (mean age: 62 years) and displayed a predominance of vascular events within the posterior circulation (60.8%). A history of smoking was linked to recurrent strokes/TIA (64.7% vs. 23.5%; p = 0.006), strokes in multiple territories (100% vs. 35.9%; p < 0.0001), and posterior circulation events (64.5% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.017), whereas other cardiovascular risk factors showed no significant differences. Linear regression analysis corroborated smoking’s association with recurrent strokes/ transient ischemic attacks (B: 0.412; p = 0.002), multiple territory strokes/TIA (B: 0.467; p = 0.033), and posterior circulation events (B: 0.317; p = 0.033). Conclusion: A thorough CSF examination for neuroborreliosis is crucial, especially in younger stroke patients, particularly those experiencing posterior circulation ischemic events. Smoking cessation should be prompted in patients with neuroborreliosis-associated cerebral vasculitis.
The Use of Antibiotic-Impregnated Cement for Infection or Mechanical Support in Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yammine Kaissar , Mansour Jad , Otayek Joeffroy , Alqaysi Bilal , Daher Jimmy , Assi Chahine 
Published: September 2024

Background Diabetic foot infections are difficult to eradicate and could lead to serious complications such as multiple surgeries, amputation and mortality. Culture-based IV antibiotics and particularly amputation are usually the available options. Only few studies articles reported the use of cement impregnated with antibiotics to fill temporarily or permanently a bone defect, but with no evidence synthesis yet. Therefore, this study aims at assessing the outcomes of the use of antibiotic-impregnated cement for infection or mechanical support in diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Methods A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. We searched multiple electronic databases using the terms “osteomyelitis AND cement AND diabetic AND foot.” The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Appraisal Tool. Results Six studies met the inclusion criteria combining 82 patients with 85 procedures. With a mean follow-up period of 22 ±14.6 months, the meta-analytical results were as follows: (1) the weighted healing rate was 85.2%, (2) 63.6% of cement were kept in place, (3) 8.2% of cement had to be exchanged, (4) 24.4% of placed cement had to be removed, (5) minor amputation following cement placement was 13.4%, and (6) the rate of secondary surgery was 18.7%, with arthrodesis being the most common (94%). Conclusion There are limited studies available detailing the outcomes of cement use in diabetic foot osteomyelitis. In the case of the difficult-to-heal osteomyelitis of the diabetic foot and whenever a peripheral bone rim could be preserved, filling the void within to deliver local infection control and to assure mechanical resistance for ambulation could be a non-radical limb preserving option. Level of Evidence Level IV
Artificial intelligence improves bronchoscopy performance: a randomised crossover trial
Authors: Cold Kristoffer Mazanti , Agbontaen Kaladerhan , Nielsen Anne Orholm , Andersen Christian Skjoldvang , Singh Suveer , Konge Lars 
Published: September 2024

RationaleFlexible bronchoscopy is an operator-dependent procedure. An automatic bronchial identification system based on artificial intelligence (AI) could help bronchoscopists to perform more complete and structured procedures through automatic guidance.Methods101 participants were included from six different continents at the European Respiratory Society annual conference in Milan, 9–13 September 2023. Participants were split into three groups based on experience: novices (0 bronchoscopies), intermediates (1–249 bronchoscopies) and experienced (≥250 bronchoscopies). The participants performed two bronchoscopies on a realistic physical phantom, one with AI (AmbuBronchoSimulatorTrainingGUIDEv.0.0.1, Prototype version, Ambu) and one Standard procedure. The F1-group received AI guidance for their first procedure, the F2-group for their second. A crossover randomisation controlled for learning by testing. All procedures were automatically rated according to the outcome measures: inspected segments, structured progressions and procedure time.ResultsAI guidance caused the participants to inspect more segments (mean difference, paired t-test: +6.0 segments, p<0.001), perform more structured progressions (+5.2 progressions, p<0.001) and spend more time on the procedure (+72 s, p<0.001) compared to their standard procedures. The effects of AI guidance on inspected segments and structured progression were highest for novices but significant for all experience groups: novices (+8.2 segments, p=0.012 and +6.6 progressions, p<0.001), intermediates (+5.7 segments, p=0.006 and +5.1 progressions, p<0.001) and experienced (+4.3 segments, p=0.006 and +3.8 progressions, p<0.016).ConclusionsAI guidance helped bronchoscopists of all experience levels to inspect more segments in a more structured order. Clinical implementation of AI guidance could help ensure and document more complete bronchoscopy procedures in the future.
OSA symptom subtypes and hypoxic burden independently predict distinct cardiovascular outcomes
Authors: Mazzotti Diego R. , Magalang Ulysses J. , Keenan Brendan T. , Mindel Jesse , Younes Magdy , Penzel Thomas , Pack Allan I. , de Chazal Philip 
Published: September 2024

Study objectivesStudies on obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) have identified clinically relevant symptom-based subtypes and novel OSA-specific nocturnal hypoxic measures. Both traits are individually associated with cardiovascular outcomes, but evidence about their independent or shared effects is unknown. This study investigated the simultaneous contributions of OSA symptom subtypes and hypoxic burden (HB) on incident cardiovascular outcomes.MethodsSleep Heart Health Study participants with high-quality oxygen saturation, apnoea–hypopnea index (AHI) and symptom data were included. Participants with OSA (AHI ≥5 events·h−1) were grouped into symptom subtypes. HB was calculated from respiratory event-related hypoxia. Cox proportional hazards models assessed whether symptom subtypes and/or HB were independently associated with cardiovascular mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).Results4396 participants free of cardiovascular disease were analysed, with median follow-up >11 years. Higher HB was associated with worse cardiovascular mortality (HR (95% CI): 1.63 (1.13–2.35); p=0.009) independently of symptom subtypes. Compared to those without OSA, the excessively sleepy OSA subtype had higher risk of incident MACE (1.62 (1.23–2.15); p<0.001), independently of HB. Among participants with moderate–severe OSA (AHI ≥15 events·h−1), excessively sleepy participants had higher risk of cardiovascular end-points compared to other subtypes, but HB was not associated with cardiovascular mortality or MACE risk.ConclusionOSA symptom subtypes and HB are independently associated with MACE and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Thus, both are important for understanding OSA-related cardiovascular risk. Future studies using clinical samples including OSA therapy information that incorporate symptom subtypes and novel biomarkers, such as HB, could improve predictive models for cardiovascular disease risk.
The involvement and significance of M2 macrophages in neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury: a systematic review
Authors: Shahrezaei Aidin , Sohani Maryam , Sohouli Mohammadhassan , Taherkhani Soroush , Nasirinezhad Farinaz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNeuropathic pain (NeP) is a type of persistent pain initiated by diseases or injuries of the nervous system. Although the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of NeP are poorly understood, the immune system plays a key role in this condition. M2 macrophages have a key role in tissue healing and the reduction of inflammation. This systematic study aims to provide an overview of the role and importance of M2 macrophages in NeP after spinal cord injury (SCI). A comprehensive systematic review was conducted utilizing Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and ISI Web of Science databases. Two independent reviewers conducted the article selection. All publications examine the impact of M2 macrophages on NeP following spinal cord injuries. A quality assessment was conducted on bias entities that had been predetermined. Eleven papers met the criteria. According to the findings, focusing on immune cell polarization presents viable therapeutic options for treating NeP and enhancing recovery after SCI. M2 macrophages are essential for reducing neuropathic pain and promoting recovery after spinal cord injury. The modulation of M2 macrophages by a number of therapeutic approaches, including ivermectin-functionalized MWCNTs, isorhamnetin, Neuregulin-1 administration, TMEM16F inhibition, lentivirus-mediated delivery of anti-inflammatory cytokines, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and red-light therapy promotes neuroregeneration, decreases neuroinflammatory cytokines, and reduces NeP. The results of these preclinical investigations must, however, be interpreted with caution, according to the quality assessment and risk of bias analysis of the studies that were included. Targeting M2 macrophages may have therapeutic benefits as they are essential for the management of NeP and recovery following spinal cord damage.
Latent classes of adolescent health behaviour, social covariates and mental wellbeing: a longitudinal birth cohort study
Authors: Knowles Christopher , Thornton Emma , Petersen Kimberly , Lereya Suzet Tanya , Humphrey Neil 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Adolescent mental wellbeing has been declining in the United Kingdom for over a decade. Expansion of services to support the mental wellbeing of young people is a public health priority and a core component of the National Health Service’s Long-Term Plan. In this paper, we leverage secondary analysis of a very large longitudinal dataset (#BeeWell) to generate insights regarding different patterns of health behaviour, their covariates, and consequences for mental wellbeing one year later.

Methods
A Latent Class Analysis was conducted using data on physical activity, sleep, and eating habits collected in 2021 from 18,478 Year 8 pupils from Greater Manchester (United Kingdom) to (1) identify distinct latent classes of adolescent health behaviour; (2) establish factors likely to be associated with latent class membership; and (3) determine whether latent class membership contributes to variance in self-reported mental wellbeing one year later.

Results
A three-class solution was identified as an excellent fit to the data, discriminating between: the Wellness Weary (n = 2,717; 15%); the Balanced Bunch (n = 7,377; 40%); and the Green and Dream Team (n = 8,384; 45%). Several factors significantly influenced class membership. Most notably, socio-economic disadvantage and social media use were linked with less favourable health behaviour patterns, whilst cisgender heterosexual girls were likely to endorse healthier patterns. After adjusting for covariates, the Green and Dream Team reported significantly greater mental wellbeing than the Balanced Bunch one year later. However, there was no difference between the Balanced Bunch and the Wellness Weary, signalling that health behaviours may support mental wellbeing, but only among the healthiest young people.

Conclusions
Beyond advancements in fundamental understanding, our findings yield significant translation opportunities through their use and application in health, education, and allied professional settings designed to support young people.