bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of predictive model for flood routing using genetic expression programming
Authors: Bagatur T. , Onen F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFlood disasters continue to occur in many countries around the world and cause tremendous casualties and property damage. Flood peak values are required in the design of bridges, culvert waterways, spillways for dams, and estimation of scour at a hydraulic structure. When a flood wave passes through a reservoir its peak is attenuated, and the time base is enlarged due to effect of storage. Modification in the hydrograph is studied through flood routing. Flood routing is the technique of determining the flood hydrograph at a section of a river by utilising the data of flood flow at one or more upstream sections. Advances in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) offer opportunities for utilising new algorithms and models. Experiments have shown that the gene‐expression programming (GEP) model and its algorithms are 100–60 000 times faster than older genetic algorithms. This study presents the GEP method, which is an extension to genetic programming, as an alternative approach to modelling of flood routing in natural channels. Thus, novel models for prediction of flood routing using the GEP technique are developed. The proposed GEP‐based approach is compared with three hydrograph examples and the results of other solution techniques. The GEP method makes use of few hydrologic parameters (inflow, outflow, and time). The performance of the models is evaluated by two goodness‐of‐fit measures, namely, the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2). In the results, the GEP models show superior performance to the other solution techniques based on the Muskingum model.
Prognostic significance of cytoplasmic p27 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Vallonthaiel Archana George , Singh Manoj Kumar , Dinda Amit Kumar , Kakkar Aanchal , Thakar Alok , Das Satya N. 
Published: January 2016

Objectivep27 is a cell cycle‐dependent kinase inhibitor whose presence in nucleus is associated with good prognosis. Recent studies propose that when localized to cytoplasm, it functions as an oncogene and confers a poorer prognosis. This study aimed at analysing the subcellular localization of p27 and its prognostic significance in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs).MethodsImmunohistochemistry for p27 was carried out on 60 cases of OSCC (30 cases each of those with lymph node metastasis [LN+ve SCC] and without lymph node metastasis [LN−ve SCC]) and 30 normal mucosa. The relationship between p27 localization and prognosis was analysed statistically.ResultsNuclear immunopositivity was seen in 15%, 23%, 7% and 60%, while cytoplasmic immunopositivity was seen in 80%, 63%, 97% and 43% of all SCC, LN+ve OSCC, LN−ve SCC cases and normal mucosa, respectively. There was a significant inverse correlation between nuclear and cytoplasmic p27 immunopositivity (P = 0.001). Nodal status and tumour stage were the only two parameters that correlated with disease‐free survival (DFS) in OSCC cases. However, in LN+ve SCC, a significantly shortened DFS was seen in cases with cytoplasmic p27 expression compared to those without (P = 0.02). Conversely, LN+ve SCC with nuclear p27 had longer DFS on comparison with those without (P = 0.04).ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyse cytoplasmic localization of p27 in OSCC and correlate with prognosis. Cytoplasmic localization is associated with poor prognosis in OSCC with lymph node metastasis allowing the consideration of cytoplasmic p27 in predicting prognosis and targeted therapeutic approaches.
Modified protocol including topical minocycline in orabase to manage medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw cases
Authors: Karasneh Jumana A. , Al‐Eryani Kamal , Clark Glenn T. , Sedghizadeh Parish P. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveManagement of medication‐related osteone‐crosis of the jaw (MRONJ) with active infection can be a serious challenge for clinicians. Based on Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) recommendations, we have tested a modified treatment protocol using topical minocycline.Study DesignFive patients diagnosed with stage II or III MRONJ lesions were willing to consent to our protocol. In addition to conventional treatment as suggested by the AAOMS, such as, surgical debridement, chlorhexidine irrigation, and systemic antibiotics, we applied 10% minocycline to the lesions once a week for sustained local antibiotic delivery.ResultsAll five patients reported pain relief after the first minocycline application. Complete healing occurred in three patients; case three healed completely after the third application, one case continues to improve toward resolution and one withdraws due to other non‐relevant medical problem.ConclusionsIn this study, we are reporting favorable results using a modified protocol with topical minocycline to treat MRONJ lesions.
Spatial patterns of tree species distribution in New Guinea primary and secondary lowland rain forest
Authors: Fibich Pavel , Lepš Jan , Novotný Vojtěch , Klimeš Petr , Těšitel Jakub , Molem Kenneth , Damas Kipiro , Weiblen George D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractQuestionsHow do spatial patterns of tree distribution and species co‐occurrence differ between primary and secondary tropical rain forests? What signatures of ecological processes might be discerned by comparing the spatial patterns of trees between primary and secondary forest plots?LocationTropical rain forest vegetation, lowlands of Papua New Guinea.MethodsAll trees over 5 cm DBH were surveyed in two non‐replicated 1‐ha plots situated in primary and secondary forest. Grid location, DBH, height and species identity were recorded for all surveyed trees. Analysis of the spatial pattern and the autocorrelation of tree sizes and identities were used to assess the structure of the forest found within the plots. Functions combining Ripley's K and the individual species–area relationship were applied to study the spatial distribution of trees and species diversity.ResultsThe spatial distribution of common species, and all stems collectively, was aggregated in the secondary forest plot but not different from random in the primary forest plot. Diameter and height were also strongly spatially auto‐correlated in the secondary forest plot but not in the primary forest plot. Conspecific aggregations were more common in the secondary forest plot. Finally, the secondary forest plot was characterized by the presence of diversity‐repelling species and lower diversity than the primary forest plot, where diversity‐accumulating species were present.ConclusionsWe attribute the weaker autocorrelation of tree size in the primary forest to the development of size hierarchies throughout the course of stand aging. The conspecific aggregation and low local diversity within the secondary forest plot are likely caused by dispersal limitation during a brief period of establishment after disturbance. The higher local diversity of the primary forest can be explained by the reduction of species aggregation through increased mortality of conspecifics. This is caused by strong intraspecific competition, supporting the spatial segregation hypothesis (interspecific spatial segregation).
Near‐total mandibular reconstruction in the absence of microvascular grafts
Authors: Patel V. , Jenkinson A. , Smith G. , McGurk M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundMicrovascular reconstruction is the optimal method of reconstructing the mandible but this is not always a viable option. When such a situation pertains, an alternative can be the use of autologous rib grafting; however in recent years, this technique has seen substantial decline to almost non‐existent for reconstruction of the mandible. This article revisits autologous rib grafting through a case series and outlines the technique and advantages it provides especially when operating in rudimentary conditionsMethodsA total of 14 patients were presented to four surgical missions in Africa with extensive growth of the mandible from ameloblastomas. Mandibular resection was carried out and the area was reconstructed with autologous rib grafting. Appropriate post‐operative care was provided until discharge.ResultsThe cohort of 14 patients included five males and nine females with an average age of 31 years. The main complication encountered was infection seen in four patients at the grafted site and one patient at the donor site. All areas were managed with local measures of wound toilet and oral antibiotics. In only one case was the rib graft affected by infection; however, this did not impact on the final functional or aesthetic outcome for the patient.ConclusionThis article is a reminder that reconstruction by autologous rib grafts remains a viable option and the technique should not be lost to posterity but should remain part of a head and neck surgeon's armamentarium.
Lipid profile and cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Roblin Emilie , Dumortier Jérôme , Di Filippo Mathilde , Collardeau‐Frachon Sophie , Sassolas Agnès , Peretti Noël , Serusclat André , Rivet Christine , Boillot Olivier , Lachaux Alain 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCardiovascular diseases induce long‐term morbidity and mortality of adult LT recipients. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess CVRF, lipid abnormalities, and atherosclerosis (appraised by c‐IMT), more than 10 yr after pediatric LT. Thirty‐one children who underwent LT between December 1990 and December 2000 were included. Median age at LT was 14 months (range 4–64), and median follow‐up after LT was 11.9 yr (range 9.0–17.3). In our cohort, obesity (9.7%) and treated hypertension (9.7%) were rare. None of the patients was smoker or diabetic. High TC and TG were both observed in 6.5% of the patients. The mean c‐IMT for male patients was 1.22 ± 1.55 and 1.58 ± 1.23 mm in female patients. Seven patients (22%) had a mean c‐IMT above +2 s.d. Values below the 5th percentile were noted for LDL‐cholesterol (58.1%), HDL‐cholesterol (25.8%), apolipoprotein B (40%), and apolipoprotein A1 (20%). LDL‐cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels were significantly lower in patients treated by tacrolimus in comparison with CsA (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that pediatric LT patients do not present significant CVRF; moreover, instead of hyperlipidemia, hypocholesterolemia (LDL‐C) is frequent and immunosuppressive therapy is probably the cause.
Robert Williams Wood: pioneer of invisible light
Authors: Sharma Shruti , Sharma Amit 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe Wood's lamp aids in the diagnosis of multiple infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic dermatologic conditions. Although the Wood's lamp has many applications, which have improved both the diagnosis and management of disease, the man credited for its invention is relatively unknown in medicine. Robert Williams Wood, a prominent physicist of the early 20th century, is credited for the invention of the Wood's lamp. Wood was the father of infrared and ultraviolet photography and made significant contributions to other areas in optics and spectroscopy. Wood's work encompassed the formative years of American Physics; he published over 200 original papers over his lifetime. A few years after the invention of the Wood's lamp for ultraviolet photography, physicians in Europe adopted the Wood's lamp for dermatologic applications. Wood's lamp remains popular in clinics globally, given its ease of use and ability to improve diagnostic precision.
Stimulus sequence context differentially modulates inhibition‐related theta and delta band activity in a go/no‐go task
Authors: Harper Jeremy , Malone Stephen M. , Bachman Matthew D. , Bernat Edward M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRecent work suggests that dissociable activity in theta and delta frequency bands underlies several common ERP components, including the no‐go N2/P3 complex, which can better index separable functional processes than traditional time‐domain measures. Reports have also demonstrated that neural activity can be affected by stimulus sequence context information (i.e., the number and type of preceding stimuli). Stemming from prior work demonstrating that theta and delta index separable processes during response inhibition, the current study assessed sequence context in a go/no‐go paradigm in which the number of go stimuli preceding each no‐go was selectively manipulated. Principal component analysis of time‐frequency representations revealed differential modulation of evoked theta and delta related to sequence context, where delta increased robustly with additional preceding go stimuli, while theta did not. Findings are consistent with the view that theta indexes simpler initial salience‐related processes, while delta indexes more varied and complex processes related to a variety of task parameters.
Vascular leakage in dengue – clinical spectrum and influence of parenteral fluid therapy
Authors: Rosenberger Kerstin D. , Lum Lucy , Alexander Neal , Junghanss Thomas , Wills Bridget , Jaenisch Thomas ,   the DENCO Clinical Study Group
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveClinical management of dengue relies on careful monitoring of fluid balance combined with judicious intravenous (IV) fluid therapy. However, in patients with significant vascular leakage, IV fluids may aggravate serosal fluid accumulation and result in respiratory distress.MethodsTrained physicians followed suspected dengue cases prospectively at seven hospitals across Asia and Latin America, using a comprehensive case report form that included daily clinical assessment and detailed documentation of parenteral fluid therapy. Applying Cox regression, we evaluated risk factors for the development of shock or respiratory distress with fluid accumulation.ResultsMost confirmed dengue patients (1524/1734, 88%) never experienced dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Among those with DSS, 176/210 (84%) had fluid accumulation, and in the majority (83%), this was detectable clinically. Among all cases with clinically detectable fluid accumulation, 179/447 (40%) were diagnosed with shock or respiratory distress. The risk for respiratory distress with fluid accumulation increased significantly as the infused volume over the preceding 24 h increased (hazard ratio 1.18 per 10 ml/kg increase; P < 0.001). Longer duration of IV therapy, use of a fluid bolus in the preceding 24 h, female gender and poor nutrition also constituted independent risk factors.ConclusionsShock and respiratory distress are relatively rare manifestations of dengue, but some evidence of fluid accumulation is seen in around 50% of cases. IV fluids play a crucial role in management, but they must be administered with caution. Clinically and/or radiologically detectable fluid accumulations have potential as intermediate severity endpoints for therapeutic intervention trials and/or pathogenesis studies.
Zoonotic Public Health Hazards in Backyard Chickens
Authors: Pohjola L. , Nykäsenoja S. , Kivistö R. , Soveri T. , Huovilainen A. , Hänninen M.L. , Fredriksson‐Ahomaa M. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackyard poultry has become increasingly popular in industrialized countries. In addition to keeping chickens for eggs and meat, owners often treat the birds as pets. However, several pathogenic enteric bacteria have the potential for zoonotic transmission from poultry to humans but very little is known about the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in backyard flocks. The occurrence and the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. was studied in 51 voluntary backyard chicken farms in Finland during October 2012 and January 2013. Campylobacter isolates were further characterized by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and the occurrence of ESBL/AmpC‐producing E. coli was investigated. The findings from this study indicate that backyard chickens are a reservoir of Campylobacter jejuni strains and a potential source of C. jejuni infection for humans. Backyard chickens can also carry L. monocytogenes, although their role as a primary reservoir is questionable. Campylobacter coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Salmonella enterica were only found sporadically in the faecal and environmental samples of backyard poultry in Finland. No Yersinia enterocolitica carrying the virulence plasmid was isolated. All pathogens were highly susceptible to most of the antimicrobials studied. Only a few AmpC‐ and no ESBL‐producing E. coli were found.
Prevalence of Influenza A Virus in Exhibition Swine during Arrival at Agricultural Fairs
Authors: Bliss N. , Nelson S. W. , Nolting J. M. , Bowman A. S. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe exhibition swine at agricultural fairs provides a critical human–swine interface that allows for the bidirectional transmission of influenza A virus (IAV). Previous IAV surveillance at the end of fairs has resulted in frequent detection of IAV‐infected swine; little is known, however, about the frequency with which swine arrive at fairs already infected with IAV. We investigated the IAV prevalence among exhibition swine entering fairs to better understand the epidemiology of IAV in this unique human–swine interface. In 2014, snout wipes were collected from 3547 swine during the first day of nine agricultural exhibitions in Indiana and Ohio. Samples were screened for IAV using rRT‐PCR and positive samples were inoculated into cultured cells for virus isolation. The overall IAV prevalence detected among swine arriving at exhibitions was 5.3% (188/3547) via rRT‐PCR and 1.5% (53/3547) via virus isolation, with IAV being detected and recovered from swine at 5 of the 9 exhibitions. Within the fairs with IAV‐positive swine, the individual exhibition IAV prevalence ranged from 0.2% (1/523) to 34.4% (144/419) using rRT‐PCR and 0.2% (1/523) to 10.3% (43/419) with virus isolation. Single IAV subtypes were detected at three of the fairs but subtype diversity was detected among the pigs at two fairs as both H1N1 and H3N2 were recovered from incoming swine. At two of the exhibitions, a temporal relationship was observed between the order of the individual swine in sampling and the associated IAV rRT‐PCR results, indicating the fomite transmission of IAV through common contact surfaces may occur. With the knowledge that a small proportion of swine arrive at fairs shedding IAV, resources should be directed towards preventive strategies focused on limiting transmission during fairs to protect swine and humans during exhibitions.
Age protects from harmful effects produced by chronic intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Quintero M. , Olea E. , Conde S. V. , Obeso A. , Gallego‐Martin T. , Gonzalez C. , Monserrat J. M. , Gómez‐Niño A. , Yubero S. , Agapito T. 
Published: January 2016

Key pointsEpisodes of intermittent hypoxia, as produced in obstructive sleep apnoea, cause a carotid‐driven sympathetic hyperactivity and an oxidative status leading to cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies, which are less pronounced in patients >60–65 years old.In young rats (3–4 months) chronic intermittent hypoxia augments carotid body hypoxic responses, plasma catecholamine, renal catecholamine content and turnover, produces an oxidative status, and causes hypertension.In aged rats (22–24 months) chronic intermittent hypoxia does not alter carotid body responses, catecholamine‐related parameters or redox status, and does not cause hypertension.It is concluded that age affords protection to harmful effects produced by chronic intermittent hypoxia.Possible mechanisms involved in age protection and the significance of our findings in the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches to obstructive sleep apneoa in the elderly are considered.AbstractObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) affects an estimated 3–7% of the adult population, the frequency doubling at ages >60–65 years. As it evolves, OSA becomes frequently associated with cardiovascular, metabolic and neuropsychiatric pathologies defining OSA syndrome (OSAS). Exposing experimental animals to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) can be used as a model of the recurrent hypoxic and O2desaturation patterns observed in OSA patients. CIH is an important OSA event triggering associated pathologies; CIH induces carotid body (CB)‐driven exaggerated sympathetic tone and overproduction of reactive oxygen species, related to the pathogenic mechanisms of associated pathologies observed in OSAS. Aiming to discover why OSAS is clinically less conspicuous in aged patients, the present study compares CIH effects in young (3–4 months) and aged (22–24 months) rats. To define potential distinctive patterns of these pathogenic mechanisms, mean arterial blood pressure as the final CIH outcome was measured. In young rats, CIH augmented CB sensory responses to hypoxia, decreased hypoxic ventilation and augmented sympathetic activity (plasma catecholamine levels and renal artery content and synthesis rate). An increased brainstem integration of CB sensory input as a trigger of sympathetic activity is suggested. CIH also caused an oxidative status decreasing aconitase/fumarase ratio and superoxide dismutase activity. In aged animals, CIH minimally affected CB responses, ventilation and sympathetic‐related parameters leaving redox status unaltered. In young animals, CIH caused hypertension and in aged animals, whose baseline blood pressure was augmented, CIH did not augment it further. Plausible mechanisms of the differences and potential significance of these findings for the diagnosis and therapy of OSAS are discussed.