bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiformin FOR1 and profilin PRF1 are optimized for acute rapid actin filament assembly
Authors: Christensen Jenna R. , Craig Evan W. , Glista Michael J. , Mueller David M. , Li Yujie , Sees Jennifer A. , Huang Shengping , Mets Laurens J. , Kovar David R. , Avasthi Prachee 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe regulated assembly of multiple filamentous actin (F-actin) networks from an actin monomer pool is important for a variety of cellular processes.Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiis a unicellular green alga expressing a conventional and divergent actin that is an emerging system for investigating the complex regulation of actin polymerization. One actin network that contains exclusively conventional F-actin inChlamydomonasis the fertilization tubule, a mating structure at the apical cell surface in gametes. In addition to two actin genes,Chlamydomonasexpresses a profilin (PRF1) and four formin genes (FOR1-4), one of which (FOR1) we have characterized for the first time. We found that unlike typical profilins, PRF1 prevents unwanted actin assembly by strongly inhibiting both F-actin nucleation and barbed end elongation at equimolar concentrations to actin. However, FOR1 stimulates the assembly of rapidly elongating actin filaments from PRF1-bound actin. PRF1 further favors FOR1-mediated actin assembly by potently inhibiting Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin assembly. Furthermore,for1andprf1-1mutants, as well as the small molecule formin inhibitor SMIFH2, prevent fertilization tubule formation in gametes, suggesting that polymerization of F-actin for fertilization tubule formation is a primary function of FOR1. Together, these findings indicate that FOR1 and PRF1 cooperate to selectively and rapidly assemble F-actin at the right time and place.SUMMARY STATEMENTTheChlamydomonas reinhardtiiformin FOR1 initiates rapid assembly of fertilization tubule actin filaments from monomers associated with the actin-assembly inhibitor profilin PRF1.
CADEM: calculate X-ray diffraction of epitaxial multilayers
Authors: Komar Paulina , Jakob Gerhard 
Published: December 2016

Epitaxial multilayers and superlattice (SL) structures are gaining increasing importance as they offer the opportunity to create artificial crystals with new functionalities. These crystals deviate from the parent bulk compounds not only in terms of the lattice constants but also in the symmetry classification, which renders calculation of their X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns tedious. Nevertheless, XRD is essential to get information on the multilayer/SL structure such as, for example, out-of-plane lattice constants, strain relaxation and period length of the crystalline SL. This article presents a powerful yet simple program, based on the general one-dimensional kinematic X-ray diffraction theory, which calculates the XRD patterns of tailor-made multilayers and thus enables quantitative comparison of measured and calculated XRD data. As the multilayers are constructed layer by layer, the final material stack can be entirely arbitrary. Moreover, CADEM is very flexible and can be straightforwardly adapted to any material system. The source code of CADEM is available as supporting material for this article.
Are competition and corporate social responsibility compatible?
Authors: Quairel-Lanoizelee Françoise 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the connection between CSR and competition to contribute to the CSR concept through analysis of the conditions for its implementation. While fierce global competition has negative environmental and social impacts and may lead large companies to act irresponsibly, corporate social responsibility (CSR) academic literature, especially stakeholder theory, pays little attention to competition and market pressure. It only highlights the competitive advantage a CSR strategy represents for companies.Design/methodology/approachThis work draws upon the academic literature in economics and strategic management, on mainstream CSR papers and on the official disclosure and communication from companies listed on the “CAC 40” of the French stock market. In this paper, the authors use the definition of corporate responsibility which integrates companies’ environmental and social concerns into all their activities.FindingsThe following three major findings arise. First, on a theoretical level and in terms of corporate disclosure on CSR, a large gap in how the economic view and the CSR view of competition are represented was noticed. Second, the limitations of the competitive advantage obtained by CSR strategy was observed while the “demand for virtue” is weak even if the stakeholders’ “expectations” for responsible practices are strong. The author proposes a typology of CSR strategies related to competitive situations. Third, the author underlines the paradox of the CSR competitive advantage: specifically, it is gained only if not imitable; i.e. if companies prevent the mimetic practices which could spread best practices for sustainable development.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the limits of the CSR concept within the liberal paradigm. The authors argue that the mainstream theoretical CSR framework based on the hypothesis of the convergence between firms’ objectives and the common interest is not relevant. The framework of the neo-institutional theory is more appropriate to analyse the mimetic behaviour in competitive markets and corporate commitments in sector-based codes of conduct that define new norms of social quality.
South Africa’s bold and unique experiment in CSR practice
Authors: Mersham Gary Malcolm , Skinner Chris 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to describe the current practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in South Africa, its linkage to corporate social investment (CSI), the impact of new Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) legislation and the contribution that South African public relations practice can have on the development challenges facing the continent of Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
Empirical data and reports drawn from various industry and evaluative sources is interpreted in the context of key contemporary elements of practice. The last part of the article provides a theoretical discussion of the public relations role as a “change” agent in South Africa and for the continent of Africa as a whole.

Findings
The South African Government’s prescriptive stance on transformation and BEE has thrust the reconsideration of CSR onto every corporate agenda in South Africa. With set targets and expenditure requirements, CSI has become a performance-driven pursuit among businesses seeking to improve their overall BEE scores. At the Pan-African level, a generic model of African public relations with a strong developmental focus is required for the education and training of public relations professionals.

Research limitations/implications
African public relations practice challenges accepted normative approaches in the conceptualisation of a sustainable new global model of the profession. More research will be needed to show how the African humanist approach might impact on the debate about the political, social and economic relevance of the profession in society and the reputation of the profession worldwide.

Originality/value
This study provides historical context for recent developments in public relations in South Africa, providing insights into the direction of the development of public relations practice in Africa.
The ethics of care as a determinant for stakeholder inclusion and CSR perception in business education
Authors: André Kévin 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to show that among business students, care ethics is a determinant for corporate social responsibility (CSR) perception and stakeholder inclusion.Design/methodology/approachThe research was conducted using a quantitative approach. The population for this study consisted of students from a leading French business school.FindingsStakeholder inclusion is related to care ethics among students. CSR perception is related to stakeholder perception. CSR perception is related to care ethics.Research limitations/implicationsPopulation sampled has cultural and curricula specificities. Further research should extend the findings to other populations.Practical implicationsIf business schools want their students to implement CSR when they later become managers, they should build a bridge in the curriculum between business ethics education based on the care theory (“educare”) and CSR teaching.Originality/valueEmpirical exploration of the relationship between teaching CSR and teaching care ethics has not been undertaken. Relationship between care ethics and stakeholder theory has been addressed in the literature but only from a theoretical perspective and not from an empirical perspective.
Free will in social and psychological contracts
Authors: Rousseau Denise M. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the scientific standing of the concept of free will and its role and functioning in social and psychological contracts. It updates Rousseau (2012).

Design/methodology/approach
This is a conceptual paper.

Findings
Social structures that support the exercise of free will are central to the functioning of both social and psychological contracts.

Research limitations/implications
The paper contributes to the debate in the natural and social sciences regarding the existence and functioning of free will in everyday life.

Practical implications
Highlights the importance of the configuration of choices or options people have to promote expression of free will.

Social implications
Social contracts that support or provide attractive options are key to the expression of free will.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the debate in the natural and social sciences regarding the existence and functioning of free will in everyday life.
Sublingual immunization with Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine effectively induces immunity through both cellular and humoral immune responses in mice
Authors: Lee Eun‐Young , Kim Joo‐Young , Lee Deuk‐Ki , Yoon Il‐Sub , Ko Hae Li , Chung Ji‐Woo , Chang Jun , Nam Jae‐Hwan 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis. Although there are four classes of vaccines against JEV, all of them are administered by s.c or i.m injection. Here, the effectiveness of sublingual (s.l.) administration of a JEV live‐attenuated vaccine or recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccine, including JEV prM/E, was investigated. The mice were immunized three times i.m. or s.c. One week after the final immunization by both s.l. and i.m. routes, the titers of IgG1 induced by the recombinant MVA vaccine were higher than those induced by the live‐attenuated vaccine, whereas the titers of IgG2a induced by the live‐attenuated vaccine were higher than those induced by the recombinant MVA vaccine. However, both vaccines induced neutralizing antibodies when given by either s.l. or i.m. routes, indicating that both vaccines induce appropriate Th1 and Th2 cell responses through the s.l. and i.m. routes. Moreover, both vaccines protected against induction of proinflammatory cytokines and focal spleen white pulp hyperplasia after viral challenge. Virus‐specific IFN‐γ+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells appeared to increase in mice immunized via both s.l. and i.m. routes. Interestingly, virus‐specific IL‐17+ CD4+ T cells increased significantly only in the mice immunized via the s.l. route; however, the increased IL‐17 did not affect pathogenicity after viral challenge. These results suggest that s.l. immunization may be as useful as i.m. injection for induction of protective immune responses against JEV by both live‐attenuated and recombinant MVA vaccines.
Comparison of neutrophil functions between two strains of inbred mice
Authors: Zhang Xiaohuan , Zhao Sainan , Sun Luping , Li Wenqing , Glogauer Michael , Hu Yan 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, differences between two strains of inbred mice in aspects of neutrophil function, namely Rac1 expression, chemotaxis, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), were determined. Neutrophils from CBA/CaH mice exhibited weaker Rac1 expression and a slower chemotactic gradient than BALB/c mice. Furthermore, PMA‐ or fMLP‐stimulated neutrophils from CBA/CaH mice generated much less superoxide and NETs than similarly stimulated neutrophils from BALB/c mice. These findings suggest that neutrophils from BALB/c mice are functionally more efficient than those from CBA/CaH mice.
Impact of Health System Affiliation on Hospital Resource Use Intensity and Quality of Care
Authors: Henke Rachel Mosher , Karaca Zeynal , Moore Brian , Cutler Eli , Liu Hangsheng , Marder William D. , Wong Herbert S. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of hospital affiliation, centralization, and managed care plan ownership on inpatient cost and quality.Data SourcesInpatient discharges from 3,957 community hospitals in 44 states and American Hospital Association Annual Survey data from 2010 to 2012.Study DesignWe conducted a retrospective longitudinal regression analysis using hierarchical modeling of discharges clustered within hospitals.Data CollectionDetailed discharge data including costs, length of stay, and patient characteristics from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases were merged with hospital survey data from the American Hospital Association.Principal FindingsHospitals affiliated with health systems had a higher cost per discharge and better quality of care compared with independent hospitals. Centralized systems in particular had the highest cost per discharge and longest stays. Independent hospitals with managed care plans had a higher cost per discharge and better quality of care compared with other independent hospitals.ConclusionsIncreasing prevalence of health systems and hospital managed care ownership may lead to higher quality but are unlikely to reduce hospital discharge costs. Encouraging participation in innovative payment and delivery reform models, such as accountable care organizations, may be more powerful options.
Space–Time Cluster Analysis to Detect Innovative Clinical Practices: A Case Study of Aripiprazole in the Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: Penfold Robert B. , Burgess James F. , Lee Austin F. , Li Mingfei , Miller Christopher J. , Nealon Seibert Marjorie , Semla Todd P. , Mohr David C. , Kazis Lewis E. , Bauer Mark S. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo identify space–time clusters of changes in prescribing aripiprazole for bipolar disorder among providers in the VA.Data SourcesVA administrative data from 2002 to 2010 were used to identify prescriptions of aripiprazole for bipolar disorder. Prescriber characteristics were obtained using the Personnel and Accounting Integrated Database.Study DesignWe conducted a retrospective space–time cluster analysis using the space–time permutation statistic.Data Extraction MethodsAll VA service users with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder were included in the patient population. Individuals with any schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses were excluded. We also identified all clinicians who wrote a prescription for any bipolar disorder medication.Principal FindingsThe study population included 32,630 prescribers. Of these, 8,643 wrote qualifying prescriptions. We identified three clusters of aripiprazole prescribing centered in Massachusetts, Ohio, and the Pacific Northwest. Clusters were associated with prescribing by VA‐employed (vs. contracted) prescribers. Nurses with prescribing privileges were more likely to make a prescription for aripiprazole in cluster locations compared with psychiatrists. Primary care physicians were less likely.ConclusionsEarly prescribing of aripiprazole for bipolar disorder clustered geographically and was associated with prescriber subgroups. These methods support prospective surveillance of practice changes and identification of associated health system characteristics.
The current practice, preparedness and educational preparation of oncology professionals to provide spiritual care
Authors: Kichenadasse Ganessan , Sweet Linda , Harrington Ann , Ullah Shahid 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimLimited data are available on how spiritual needs of patients with cancer care are addressed by Australian oncologists. The objectives of this study were to explore the current practice, preparedness and education of Australian oncologists and oncology trainees on the provision of spiritual care for their patients with cancer.MethodsParticipants were recruited through oncology professional organizations and data collected through an anonymous online survey using a validated questionnaire.ResultsResponses from a total of 69 medical professionals were suitable for data analysis. The majority of the respondents had encountered patients with spiritual care needs during clinical consultations. Only 45% of the respondents perceived that they were able to meet the spiritual needs of their patients. Barriers to providing spiritual care identified a lack of time, education and understanding of spirituality and spiritual care in the context of health. Only 25% stated they had received some form of education on spiritual care with 7% of these stated that the education was adequate. Participants believed that they learnt how to provide spiritual care on the job or because of their self‐interest, and not as formal training.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that Australian oncology professionals often encounter patients with spiritual care needs in their clinical practice. Despite this finding, only a small proportion of the medical professionals had education on spiritual care during their professional training. Forty‐five percent of the medical practitioners believed that they were able to partly or completely meet their patients’ spiritual care needs.
Differences in attentional functioning between preterm and full‐term children underline the importance of new neuropsychological detection techniques
Authors: Giordano V , Fuiko R , Leiss U , Brandstetter S , Hayde M , Bartha‐Doering E , Klebermaß‐Schrehof K , Weiler LJ 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate specific attentional components in preterm born children who had not yet started school.MethodsBetween January and December 2011, we assessed 52 preterm and 52 full‐term children aged between five years five months and six years two months, of comparable age and gender, at the Medical University of Vienna. Different attentional components were evaluated through selected subtests of the Test of Attentional Performance and the German version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Each child's behaviour was also evaluated using parental ratings and descriptive item‐based evaluation during neuropsychological assessment.ResultsChildren born preterm showed poor attentional performance in sustained attention, focused attention and distractibility, as well as reductions in processing speed in divided attention and flexibility tasks. Children born preterm also showed decreased volitional attention compared with automatic attention. No problems were detected in alertness or inhibition. In addition, a higher rate of aborted tests, decreased motivation and poorer parental ratings were detected among the preterm population compared with full‐term born children.ConclusionOur results highlighted differences in attentional functioning between preterm and full‐term children, indicating the importance of new neuropsychological techniques for the detection of specific attentional disorders.
Random regression models to estimate genetic parameters for weights in Murrah buffaloes
Authors: Ferreira Flavia Rita , de Araujo Neto Francisco Ribeiro , Borges Henrique Barbosa , Aspilcueta‐Borquis Rusbel Raul , Hurtado‐Lugo Naudim Alejandro , de Oliveira Henrique Nunes , de Albuquerque Lucia Galvão , Tonhati Humberto 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article reports genetic analysis of the weight at different ages of Murrah water buffaloes, using random regression models (RRM). Models ranging from third to sixth order polynomial were used to describe direct genetic and animal permanent environmental effects. Contemporary group was included as a fixed effect, and a cubic polynomial was used to model the mean curve of the population. The residual was modeled considering a log‐linear function. Two models were selected for study of genetic parameters. The first model included third and sixth order polynomials for direct genetic and animal permanent environmental effects (M36). The second model included sixth order polynomials for all random effects (M66). The estimates of heritability varied from 0.16 + 0.04 (44 days) to 0.38 + 0.04 (568 days) for model M36 and from 0.16 + 0.05 (33 days) to 0.42 + 0.05 (600 days) for model M66. Regarding estimates of the correlation for all effects, the magnitude tended to decline with the increase of the time span between measurements. These results indicate that the species has potential for genetic selection based on weight at different ages, since we found favorable genetic variability within the herd, with selection likely to be more efficient at ages near 600 days.
Long‐term follow‐up after proton beam therapy for pediatric tumors: a Japanese national survey
Authors: Mizumoto Masashi , Murayama Shigeyuki , Akimoto Tetsuo , Demizu Yusuke , Fukushima Takashi , Ishida Yuji , Oshiro Yoshiko , Numajiri Haruko , Fuji Hiroshi , Okumura Toshiyuki , Shirato Hiroki , Sakurai Hideyuki 
Published: December 2016

Proton beam therapy (PBT) is a potential new alternative to treatment with photon radiotherapy that may reduce the risk of late toxicity and secondary cancer, especially for pediatric tumors. The goal of this study was to evaluate the long‐term benefits of PBT in cancer survivors. A retrospective observational study of pediatric patients who received PBT was performed at four institutions in Japan. Of 343 patients, 62 were followed up for 5 or more years. These patients included 40 males and 22 females, and had a median age of 10 years (range: 0–19 years) at the time of treatment. The irradiation dose ranged from 10.8 to 81.2 GyE (median: 50.4 GyE). The median follow‐up period was 8.1 years (5.0–31.2 years). The 5‐, 10‐ and 20‐year rates for grade 2 or higher late toxicities were 18%, 35% and 45%, respectively, and those for grade 3 or higher late toxicities were 6%, 17% and 17% respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the irradiated site (head and neck, brain) was significantly associated with late toxicities. No malignant secondary tumors occurred within the irradiated field. The 10‐ and 20‐year cumulative rates for all secondary tumors, malignant secondary tumors, and malignant nonhematologic secondary tumors were 8% and 16%, 5% and 13%, and 3% and 11%, respectively. Our data indicate that PBT has the potential to reduce the risk of late mortality and secondary malignancy. Longer follow‐up is needed to confirm the benefits of PBT for pediatric tumors.