bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bifunctionalized allenes, Part XIX: Synthesis, electrophilic cyclization/addition, and coinage metal‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of phosphorylated 3‐(β‐hydroxy)allenes
Authors: Hasanov Hasan H. , Ivanov Ivaylo K. , Christov Valerij Ch. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA convenient and efficient regioselective synthesis of phosphorylated 3‐(β‐hydroxy)allenes by an atom economical [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement of the mediated propargyl phosphite or phosphinite which can be readily prepared via reaction of protected 5‐(tetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐yloxy)‐hex‐1‐yn‐3‐ol with dimethyl chlorophosphite or chlorodiphenyl phosphine, respectively, is described. This paper discusses a reaction of phosphorylated 3‐(β‐hydroxy)allenes with protected or unprotected hydroxy group involving 5‐endo‐trig cyclization or 2,3‐addition. Reaction of 3‐(β‐hydroxy)allenephosphonates with electrophiles that produces 2‐oxo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1,2‐oxaphospholes due to the participation of the phosphonate neighboring group in the cyclization is described. On the other hand, 5‐hydroxyhex‐(1E)‐enyl phosphine oxides were prepared by chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective electrophilic addition to the C2‐C3 double bond in the allenyl phosphine oxides and subsequent attack of the external (chloride anion) nucleophile. Phosphorylated 3‐(β‐hydroxy)allenes were smoothly converted into the corresponding 2‐phosphoryl‐5,6‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrans by using 5 mol % of coinage metal salt as catalyst in 6‐endo‐trig cycloisomerization reaction.
Inclusion of Hermetia illucens larvae meal on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feed: effect on sensory profile according to static and dynamic evaluations
Authors: Borgogno Monica , Dinnella Caterina , Iaconisi Valeria , Fusi Renzo , Scarpaleggia Claudia , Schiavone Achille , Monteleone Erminio , Gasco Laura , Parisi Giuliana 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiet implementation with insect meal has aroused increased attention in aquaculture considering the advantages of this new protein source. The effect of Hermetia illucens meal (HI) inclusion in diets on rainbow trout physical–chemical and sensory properties was evaluated. Three diets were prepared: HI0, HI25, HI50, with 0, 25 and 50% of HI replacing fish meal, respectively. Fillet sensory profiles were described by descriptive analysis and temporal dominance of sensation methods. Cooking loss, Warner–Bratzler shear force, proximate analysis, and fatty acid composition were also determined.RESULTSDiets significantly affected fillets sensory profile. Descriptive analysis indicated significant changes in perceived intensity of aroma, flavour and texture descriptors as a function of diet composition. Temporal dominance of sensation evaluations provided information on dominance and evolution of sensations perceived in fillets from different diets. The first sensations perceived as dominant were related to texture attributes, followed by flavours. Dominance of fibrousnesses decreased with the increase of HI in the diet. Boiled fish, algae flavours and umami taste clearly dominated the HI0 dynamic profile. The onset of metallic flavour dominance characterised HI25 and HI50. No differences in physical parameters were detected. Principal component analysis highlighted the relationship between sensory attributes and physico‐chemical parameters.CONCLUSIONThe sensory description of fillets indicated that HI inclusion induces significant differences in the perceived profile. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Training model for control of an internal carotid artery injury during transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Muto Jun , Carrau Ricardo L. , Oyama Kenichi , Otto Brad A. , Prevedello Daniel M. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesAs the adoption of endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) continues to proliferate, increasing numbers of internal carotid artery (ICA) injuries are reported. The objective of this study was to develop a synthetic ICA injury‐training model that could mimic this clinical scenario and be portable, repeatable, reproducible, and without risk of biological contamination.MethodsBased on computed tomography of a human head, we constructed a synthetic model using selective laser sintering with polyamide nylon and glass beads. Subsequently, the model was connected to a pulsatile pump using 6‐mm silicon tubing. The pump maintains a pulsatile flow of an artificial blood‐like fluid at a variable pressure to simulate heart beats. Volunteer surgeons with different levels of training and experience were provided simulation training sessions with the models. Pre‐ and posttraining questionnaires were completed by each of the participants.ResultsPre‐ and posttraining questionnaires suggest that repeated simulation sessions improve the surgical skills and self‐confidence of trainees.ConclusionThis ICA injury model is portable; reproducible; and avoids ethical, biohazard, religious, and legal problems associated with cadaveric models. A synthetic ICA injury model for EEA allows recurring training that may improve the surgeon's ability to maintain endoscopic visualization, control catastrophic bleeding, decrease psychomotor stress, and develop effective team strategies to achieve hemostasis.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:38–43, 2017
Endoscopic posterior cricoid split with costal cartilage graft: A fifteen‐year experience
Authors: Dahl John P. , Purcell Patricia L. , Parikh Sanjay R. , Inglis Andrew F. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate outcomes of the endoscopic posterior cricoid split with rib graft (EPCS/RG) procedure in the treatment of subglottic stenosis (SGS), posterior glottic stenosis (PGS), and bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI).Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsChart review of all patients who underwent EPCS/RG at a single tertiary‐care facility between 1999 and 2014. Patients were grouped based on the primary indication for the procedure. Decannulation was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were the number of subsequent airway procedures and length of hospitalization.ResultsThirty‐three patients were identified; 32 had tracheotomy. Overall decannulation rate was 65.6%. Subgroup analysis demonstrated the following decannulation rates: 53.8% for SGS, 100% for PGS, and 28.6% for BVFI. Fisher exact test found a significant difference in overall decannulation rates between groups (P = 0.002). Operation‐specific decannulation rates for patients who never required an open procedure were 23% for SGS, 91.6% for PGS, and 28.6% for BVFI. This difference was also statistically significant (P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found prematurity had a positive correlation with decannulation that approached statistical significance (P < 0.051; odds ratio 6.1; 95% confidence interval 0.99, 37.6). The percentage of patients who underwent repeat airway procedures for the groups was 61.5% for SGS, 16.6 % for PGS, and 14.3% for BVFI. The median length of hospitalization after EPCS/RG was 3 days.ConclusionThis represents the largest series of patients who have undergone EPCS/RG and demonstrates that the majority of patients can be decannulated after this procedure. Patients with PGS had the highest operation‐specific decannulation rates.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:252–257, 2017
Abnormal spontaneous activity in primary myopathic disorders
Authors: Nojszewska Monika , Gawel Malgorzata , Szmidt‐Salkowska Elzbieta , Kostera‐Pruszczyk Anna , Potulska‐Chromik Anna , Lusakowska Anna , Kierdaszuk Biruta , Lipowska Marta , Macias Anna , Gawel Damian , Seroka Andrzej , Kaminska Anna M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionReproducible non‐insertional spontaneous activity (SA), with the exception of endplate activity, is an unequivocal sign of abnormality and is one of the most useful findings obtained on electromyography.MethodsIn this retrospective study we analyzed occurrence and distribution of abnormal SA in 151 patients with genetically confirmed myopathies.ResultsComplex repetitive discharges (CRDs) occurred more frequently than fibrillation potentials (fibs) and positive sharp waves (PSWs) in centronuclear myopathy (CNM) and limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD‐2A), whereas fibs/PSWs were observed more often in desminopathy and facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). Abnormal SA was commonly found in CNM (66.7%) and desminopathy (61.5%), occasionally in Duchenne (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) (45.2% and 27.6%, respectively), but rarely in FSHD (14.9%) and LGMD‐2A (12.0%).ConclusionsAbnormal SA probably occurs more frequently in disorders associated with structural changes in muscle fibers. Screening for SA may be a valuable tool for diagnosis of non‐myotonic myopathies. Muscle Nerve 56: 427–432, 2017
Cross calibration of two dual‐energy X‐ray densitometers and comparison of visceral adipose tissue measurements by iDXA and MRI
Authors: Reinhardt Martin , Piaggi Paolo , DeMers Barbara , Trinidad Cathy , Krakoff Jonathan 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveCompare total percentage body fat (pfat) measurements between two densitometers and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) estimates between iDXA and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from the same defined abdominal region.MethodsParticipants [N = 93 (50 men, 43 women), BMI: 19.1–57.6 kg/m2] underwent dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans on two DXA systems (GE Healthcare Lunar iDXA and Lunar Prodigy), and a subgroup underwent abdominal MRI imaging for quantification of VAT.ResultsPfat correlated strongly between both machines (r2 = 0.98, P < 1.0E‐14). Bland‐Altman plots showed a bias with higher measured pfat on iDXA versus Prodigy in leaner subjects and the opposite in more overweight subjects. The R2 for regression of MRI on iDXA VAT values was 0.948. Bland‐Altman bias was +104.1 cm3 with 95% limits of agreement of −681.9 to 890.0 cm3. For both DXA methods, and iDXA versus MRI determined VAT, comparison using rank regression demonstrated no order bias.ConclusionsThe total pfat measured by both machines was strongly and linearly associated, allowing for conversion (equations are provided) of iDXA for assessment of longitudinal body fat changes. Despite a bias of abdominal VAT measures of iDXA versus MRI, the high rank correlation makes iDXA a good alternative to the more complicated and time‐consuming MRI for use in larger cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies.
Synthesis of Siloxane Polyether Surfactants and Their Solubility in Supercritical CO2
Authors: Shi Qingzhao , Qiao Weihong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFour siloxane polyether surfactants were synthesized from allyl bromide, polyethylene glycol methyl ether and heptamethyltrisiloxane (HMTS) to explore their solubility in CO2. The dissolving pressures of these surfactants were measured using a high‐pressure view cell at 318–343 K to calculate their solubility in CO2. The results show that, the silicone‐containing surfactants exhibit excellent solubility in CO2. The shorter the polyethylene glycol group, the better the solubility in CO2. Of the five compounds tested, HMTS showed the best solubility in CO2 which was around 2.4% as a mole percentage. The surfactants show much better solubility than the commonly used surfactants. Moreover, by investigating the effects of the pressure and temperature on the solubility, it was found that an increase in pressure benefits solubility of the compound in CO2, while an increase in temperature within the experimental range does the opposite. In addition, a linear correlation in the logarithmic values of the solubility data and the density of CO2 was found, which means the solubility follows density more directly and not the pressure.
Production of High‐Melting Symmetrical Monounsaturated Triacylglycerol‐Rich Fats from Mango Kernel Fat by Acetone Fractionation
Authors: Jin Jun , Mu Hongyan , Wang Yue , Pembe Warda , Liu Yijun , Huang Jianhua , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: December 2016

Abstract1,3‐Distearoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐glycerol, 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐3‐stearoyl‐glycerol and 1‐stearoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐3‐arachidoyl‐glycerol are typical high‐melting symmetrical monounsaturated triacylglycerols (Hm‐SMT) found in cocoa butter improver (CBI). These triacylglycerols help to increase the hardness of chocolate products in tropical climates. In the present study, natural CBI products were produced from mango (Mangifera indica, Linn) kernel fat (MKF) by selective three‐stage fractionation using acetone. The second stearin (fraction I) from the first precipitate of MKF by fractionation for 180 min at 15 °C contained 86.9% of Hm‐SMT, and the third stearin (fraction II) obtained from fraction I by further fractionation for 180 min at 18 °C was enriched with 94.4% Hm‐SMT. High percentages of such triacylglycerols in these products contributed to higher slip melting points (36.5–37.7 °C) than commercial cocoa butter and cocoa butter equivalent (26.7 and 27.9 °C). Also, their differential scanning calorimetry properties and solid fat content values were superior to those in traditional confectionery fats, indicating that the tailored stearins could be used as ideal CBI. In particular, the hard fat blends consisting of 55–70% cocoa butter (CB) and 30–45% fraction II were considered as the preferred heat‐resistant chocolate ingredients. In addition, the mixture of the oleins (fraction III) was rich in diunsaturated and triunsaturated triacylglycerols and showed similar thermal properties to super palm oil, thus making it more suitable as special fat ingredients and modified fat sources.
Fat Crystals Influence Methylcellulose Stabilization of Lipid Emulsions
Authors: Thiel A. E. , Hartel R. W. , Spicer P. T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOil‐in‐water emulsions stabilized with methylcellulose (MC) varied in stability depending on the composition of the fat phase. When droplets were composed entirely of liquid oil, MC was able to form a continuous, protective film around the droplets. Therefore, when two liquid oil droplets were brought into contact, they underwent extreme shape deformation but did not coalesce, even when excess force was used. Subsequently, interfacial crystals extending into the aqueous phase from palm kernel oil droplets were aimed into an entirely liquid oil droplet. The MC‐coated droplet would deform wherever the crystal contacted; however, the protruding crystals could not penetrate into the liquid oil droplet. Conversely, when the target droplet was composed of a small amount of solid fat that resulted in localized crystalline regions and the interfacial crystals of the second droplet were aimed at this region, they then easily pierced the droplet. This demonstrates that MC is an excellent stabilizer for liquid oil droplets but internal lipid crystals within fat globules can alter MC surface conformation to allow for crystal penetration and arrested coalescence.
Qualitative and quantitative assessment of self‐reported cognitive difficulties in nondemented elders: Association with medical help seeking, cognitive deficits, and β‐amyloid imaging
Authors: La Joie Renaud , Perrotin Audrey , Egret Stéphanie , Pasquier Florence , Tomadesso Clémence , Mézenge Florence , Desgranges Béatrice , de La Sayette Vincent , Chételat Gaël 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) could help identify early stages of Alzheimer's disease. However, SCD is multidetermined and protean, and the type of cognitive complaint associated with preclinical Alzheimer's disease needs refinement.MethodsA total of 185 nondemented elders recruited from either the community or from a memory clinic filled a questionnaire. We searched for item responses associated with medical help seeking, cognitive deficits, and β‐amyloidosis.ResultsCompared with community‐recruited control subjects (n = 74), help‐seeking patients reported a stronger multidomain SCD that was mostly unrelated to the presence of detectable cognitive deficits. Only a few items, notably assessing temporal disorientation, distinguished help‐seeking patients with (n = 78) or without (n = 33) memory deficits. Associations between SCD and β‐amyloidosis were not restricted to the memory domain and varied across clinical stages.DiscussionDetailed evaluation of SCD could provide accessible indication of the presence of β‐amyloid or cognitive deficits, which might prove useful for early diagnosis and clinical trial enrichment strategies.
Diagnostic Conversion to Bipolar Disorder in Unipolar Depressed Patients Participating in Trials on Antidepressants
Authors: Holmskov J. , Licht R.W. , Andersen K. , Bjerregaard Stage T. , Mørkeberg Nilsson F. , Bjerregaard Stage K. , Valentin J.B. , Bech P. , Ernst Nielsen R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveIn unipolar depressed patients participating in trials on antidepressants, we investigated if illness characteristics at baseline could predict conversion to bipolar disorder.MethodA long-term register-based follow-up study of 290 unipolar depressed patients with a mean age of 50.8 years (SD = 11.9) participating in three randomized trials on antidepressants conducted in the period 1985–1994. The independent effects of explanatory variables were examined by applying Cox regression analyses.ResultsThe overall risk of conversion was 20.7%, with a mean follow-up time of 15.2 years per patient. The risk of conversion was associated with an increasing number of previous depressive episodes at baseline, [HR 1.18, 95% CI (1.10–1.26)]. No association with gender, age, age at first depressive episode, duration of baseline episode, subtype of depression or any of the investigated HAM-D subscales included was found.LimitationsThe patients were followed-up through the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register, which resulted in inherent limitations such as possible misclassification of outcome.ConclusionIn a sample of middle-aged hospitalized unipolar depressed patients participating in trials on antidepressants, the risk of conversion was associated with the number of previous depressive episodes. Therefore, this study emphasizes that unipolar depressed patients experiencing a relatively high number of recurrences should be followed more closely, or at least be informed about the possible increased risk of conversion.
Exploring the nexus of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias with cancer and cancer therapies: A convening of the Alzheimer's Association & Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation
Authors: Snyder Heather M. , Ahles Tim , Calderwood Stuart , Carrillo Maria C. , Chen Honglei , Chang Chung-Chou H. , Craft Suzanne , De Jager Philip , Driver Jane A. , Fillit Howard , Knopman David , Lotze Michael , Tierney Mary C. , Petanceska Suzana , Saykin Andrew , Seshadri Sudha , Shineman Diana , Ganguli Mary 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecent population studies suggest an intriguing inverse relationship between several types of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the intersection of the underlying biology for these two distinct families of diseases with one another may offer novel approaches to identify new therapeutic approaches and possible opportunities to repurpose existing drug candidates. The Alzheimer's Association and the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation convened a one‐day workshop to delve into this discussion. Workshop participants outlined research focus areas, potential collaborations, and partnerships for future action.
Management of Rabies Prophylaxis for Potential Bat Exposures in a Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bailey Ann L. , Quick Rachel D. , Dixon Joanne , Hauger Sarmistha B. 
Published: December 2016

This report describes the unique challenges of managing potential exposure to bats in a neonatal intensive care unit. The outcome demonstrates that rabies post-exposure prophylaxis can be safely administered to preterm infants with evidence that preterm infants are able to develop adequate titers post vaccination.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:483–485
Montmorency Tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L.) modulate vascular function acutely, in the absence of improvement in cognitive performance
Authors: Keane K. M. , Haskell-Ramsay C. F. , Veasey R. C. , Howatson G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCerebral blood volume and metabolism of oxygen decline as part of human ageing, and this has been previously shown to be related to cognitive decline. There is some evidence to suggest that polyphenol-rich foods can play an important role in delaying the onset or halting the progression of age-related health disorders such as CVD and Alzheimer’s disease and to improve cognitive function. In the present study, an acute, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, cross-over, randomised Latin-square design study with a washout period of at least 14 d was conducted on twenty-seven, middle-aged (defined as 45–60 years) volunteers. Participants received either a 60 ml dose of Montmorency tart cherry concentrate (MC), which contained 68·0 (sd 0·26) mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/l, 160·75 (sd 0·55) mean gallic acid equivalent/l and 0·59 (sd 0·02) mean Trolox equivalent/l, respectively, or a placebo. Cerebrovascular responses, cognitive performance and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and 1, 2, 3 and 5 h following consumption. There were significant differences in concentrations of total Hb and oxygenated Hb during the task period 1 h after MC consumption (P≤0·05). Furthermore, MC consumption significantly lowered systolic blood pressure (P≤0·05) over a period of 3 h, with peak reductions of 6±2 mmHg at 1 h after MC consumption relative to the placebo. Cognitive function and mood were not affected. These results show that a single dose of MC concentrate can modulate certain variables of vascular function; however, this does not translate to improvements in cognition or mood.
Pliocene–Pleistocene sedimentary–tectonic development of the Mesaoria (Mesarya) Basin in an incipient, diachronous collisional setting: facies evidence from the north of Cyprus
Authors: PALAMAKUMBURA ROMESH N. , ROBERTSON ALASTAIR H. F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Mesaoria (Mesarya) Basin exemplifies multi-stage basin development within a regional setting of diachronous continental collision. The Plio-Pleistocene represented a period of major sediment accumulation between two topographic highs, the Kyrenia Range in the north and the Troodos Massif in the south. During Pliocene time, open-marine marls and chalks of the Nicosia (Lefkoşa) Formation accumulated in a shelf setting. The Early Pleistocene period was characterized by a relative fall in sea level and a change to shallower-water bioclastic deposition of the Athalassa (Gürpınar) Formation. The northern margin of the basin was approximately delineated by the E–W neotectonic Ovgos (Dar Dere) fault zone. A carbonate ramp system formed directly to the south of this structural feature. During Early Pleistocene time, the basin evolved from an open-marine shelf to semi-enclosed lagoons with deltaic deposits, and finally to a non-marine aeolian setting, flanked by the rising Kyrenia Range to the north. Synthesis of geological evidence from the Mesaoria (Mesarya) Basin as a whole, including outcrop and borehole evidence from the south, adjacent to the Troodos Massif, indicates that the Pliocene – Early Pleistocene represented a relatively quiescent period. This intervened between Late Miocene – earliest Pleistocene southward thrusting–folding of the Kyrenia Range and Pleistocene intense surface uplift of both the Kyrenia Range and the Troodos Massif. The basin development reflects flexurally controlled collapse during Late Miocene – earliest Pliocene time related to southward thrusting, followed by strike-slip during westward tectonic escape of Anatolia, and finally regional uplift controlled by under-thrusting of continental crust from the south, as collision progressed.