bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Flexible Bis(benzimidazole) Derivatives on the Self‐assembly of Three Mixed Ligands Silver(I) Coordination Polymers
Authors: Hao Shao‐Yun , Liu Yong‐Guang , Hao Zeng‐Chuan , Cui Guang‐Hua 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThree silver(I) coordination polymers namely, [Ag4(L1)2(1, 4‐ndc)2]n (1) {[Ag(L2)]·(1, 4‐Hndc)·H2O}n (2), and {[Ag(L3)(H2O)]·(1, 4‐Hndc)}n (3) [L1 = 1, 3‐bis(benzimidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, 1, 4‐H2ndc = 1, 4‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, L2 = 1, 3‐bis(5, 6‐dimethylbenzimidazole‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, L3 = 1, 4‐bis(5, 6‐dimethylbenzimidazole)butane], were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and XRPD analysis. Complex 1 displays a 1D tube‐like chain, which is packed into a 3D supramolecular network by π–π stacking interactions. Complex 2 features an infinite 1D linear chain. Complex 3 contains a 1D wave‐like chain, which is extended into a 3D supramolecular network through O–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions. Moreover, these coordination polymers exhibit catalytic properties for degradation of methyl orange in Fenton‐like processes.
Postoperative Adverse Events Inconsistently Improved by the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist: A Systematic Literature Review of 25 Studies
Authors: de Jager Elzerie , McKenna Chloe , Bartlett Lynne , Gunnarsson Ronny , Ho Yik‐Hong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) has been widely implemented in an effort to decrease surgical adverse events.MethodThis systematic literature review examined the effects of the SSC on postoperative outcomes. The review included 25 studies: two randomised controlled trials, 13 prospective and ten retrospective cohort trials. A meta‐analysis was not conducted as combining observational studies of heterogeneous quality may be highly biased.ResultsThe quality of the studies was largely suboptimal; only four studies had a concurrent control group, many studies were underpowered to examine specific postoperative outcomes and teamwork‐training initiatives were often combined with the implementation of the checklist, confounding the results. The effects of the checklist were largely inconsistent. Postoperative complications were examined in 20 studies; complication rates significantly decreased in ten and increased in one. Eighteen studies examined postoperative mortality. Rates significantly decreased in four and increased in one. Postoperative mortality rates were not significantly decreased in any studies in developed nations, whereas they were significantly decreased in 75 % of studies conducted in developing nations.ConclusionsThe checklist may be associated with a decrease in surgical adverse events and this effect seems to be greater in developing nations. With the observed incongruence between specific postoperative outcomes and the overall poor study designs, it is possible that many of the positive changes associated with the use of the checklist were due to temporal changes, confounding factors and publication bias.
A Model for Static Recrystallization with Simultaneous Precipitation and Solute Drag
Authors: Buken Heinrich , Kozeschnik Ernst 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In the present work, we introduce a state parameter-based microstructure evolution model, which incorporates the effect of solute atoms and precipitates on recrystallization kinetics. The model accounts for local precipitate coarsening at grain boundaries, which promotes an average grain boundary movement even if the Zener pinning force exceeds the driving force for recrystallization. The impact of solute drag on the grain boundary mobility as well as simultaneous precipitation is discussed in detail. The model is validated on experimental data on recrystallization in V-micro-alloyed steel, where excellent agreement is achieved.
Guideline Implementation: Moderate Sedation/Analgesia
Authors: Fencl Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractModerate sedation/analgesia is practiced in a variety of settings and delivered by a variety of health care providers, with a goal of reducing the patient's anxiety and discomfort during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The updated AORN “Guideline for care of the patient receiving moderate sedation/analgesia” provides guidance on RN administration of moderate sedation/analgesia within the scope of nursing practice as defined by the state boards of nursing. The guideline addresses patient selection and assessment, staffing for the procedure, patient monitoring, medication administration, and criteria for postoperative discharge. This article focuses on key points of the guideline to promote safe care throughout the perioperative continuum for a patient receiving moderate sedation/analgesia. Perioperative RNs should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance when writing and updating policies and procedures.
The Effects of Surgical Hand Scrubbing Protocols on Skin Integrity and Surgical Site Infection Rates: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Liang Qin , Mehigan Sinead 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to critically appraise and synthesize updated evidence regarding the effect of surgical‐scrub techniques on skin integrity and the incidence of surgical site infections. Databases searched include the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central. Our review was limited to eight peer‐reviewed, randomized controlled trials and two nonrandomized controlled trials published in English from 1990 to 2015. Comparison models included traditional hand scrubbing with chlorhexidine gluconate or povidone‐iodine against alcohol‐based hand rubbing, scrubbing with a brush versus without a brush, and detergent‐based antiseptics alone versus antiseptics incorporating alcohol solutions. Evidence showed that hand rubbing techniques are as effective as traditional scrubbing and seem to be better tolerated. Hand rubbing appears to cause less skin damage than traditional scrub protocols, and scrub personnel tolerated brushless techniques better than scrubbing using a brush.
Subglacial hydrology at Rink Isbræ, West Greenland inferred from sediment plume appearance
Authors: Schild Kristin M. , Hawley Robert L. , Morriss Blaine F. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTMarine-terminating outlet glaciers discharge most of the Greenland ice sheet's mass through frontal ablation and meltwater runoff. While calving can be estimated by in situ and remote sensing observations, submarine melting and subglacial meltwater transport are more challenging to quantify. Here we investigate the subglacial hydrology of Rink Isbræ, a fast-flowing West Greenland tidewater glacier, using time-lapse photography, modeled runoff estimates and daily satellite imagery from 2007 to 2011. We find that sediment plumes appear episodically at four distinct locations across the terminus, and last between 2 h and 17 d. This suggests short-term variability in discharge and the existence of persistent pathways. The seasonal onset of sediment plumes occurs before supraglacial lake drainages, shortly after the onset of runoff, and only after the wintertime ice mélange has begun disintegrating. Plumes were also visible after the cessation of runoff (23 ± 5 d), which is indicative of subglacial storage. The lack of either a seasonal velocity change or a correspondence between meltwater availability and plume occurrence suggests that the subglacial system persists in a state of inefficient drainage. Subglacial hydrology at tidewater glaciers is of critical importance in understanding dynamics at the ice front.
Surgical Site Infections Following Pediatric Ambulatory Surgery: An Epidemiologic Analysis
Authors: Rinke Michael L. , Jan Dominique , Nassim Janelle , Choi Jaeun , Choi Steven J. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVETo identify surgical site infection (SSI) rates following pediatric ambulatory surgery, SSI outcomes and risk factors, and sensitivity and specificity of SSI administrative billing codes.DESIGNRetrospective chart review of pediatric ambulatory surgeries with International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes for SSI, and a systematic random sampling of 5% of surgeries without SSI ICD-9 codes, all adjudicated for SSI on the basis of an ambulatory-adapted National Healthcare Safety Network definition.SETTINGUrban pediatric tertiary care center April 1, 2009-March 31, 2014.METHODSSSI rates and sensitivity and specificity of ICD-9 codes were estimated using sampling design, and risk factors were analyzed in case–rest of cohort, and case-control, designs.RESULTSIn 15,448 pediatric ambulatory surgeries, 34 patients had ICD-9 codes for SSI and 25 met the adapted National Healthcare Safety Network criteria. One additional SSI was identified with systematic random sampling. The SSI rate following pediatric ambulatory surgery was 2.9 per 1,000 surgeries (95% CI, 1.2–6.9). Otolaryngology surgeries demonstrated significantly lower SSI rates compared with endocrine (P=.001), integumentary (P=.001), male genital (P<.0001), and respiratory (P=.01) surgeries. Almost half of patients with an SSI were admitted, 88% received antibiotics, and 15% returned to the operating room. No risk factors were associated with SSI. The sensitivity of ICD-9 codes for SSI following ambulatory surgery was 55.31% (95% CI, 12.69%–91.33%) and specificity was 99.94% (99.89%–99.97%).CONCLUSIONSSSI following pediatric ambulatory surgery occurs at an appreciable rate and conveys morbidity on children.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:931–938
Compressibility effects on the structural evolution of transitional high-speed planar wakes
Authors: Hickey Jean-Pierre , Hussain Fazle , Wu Xiaohua 
Published: April 2016

The compressibility effects on the structural evolution of the transitional high-speed planar wake are studied. The relative Mach number ($Ma_{r}$) of the laminar base flow modifies two fundamental features of planar wake transition: (i) the characteristic length scale defined by the most unstable linear mode; and (ii) the domain of influence of the structures within the staggered two-dimensional vortex array. Linear stability results reveal a reduced growth (approximately 30 % reduction up to$Ma_{r}=2.0$) and a quasilinear increase of the wavelength of the most unstable, two-dimensional instability mode (approximately 20 % longer over the same$Ma_{r}$range) with increasing$Ma$. The primary wavelength defines the length scale imposed on the emerging transitional structures; naturally, a longer wavelength results in rollers with a greater streamwise separation and hence also larger circulation. A reduction of the growth rate and an increase of the principal wavelength results in a greater ellipticity of the emerging rollers. Compressibility effects also modify the domain of influence of the transitional structures through an increased cross-wake and inhibited streamwise communication as characteristic paths between rollers are deflected due to local$Ma$ gradients. The reduced streamwise domain of influence impedes roller pairing and, for a sufficiently large relative$Ma$, pairing is completely suppressed. Thus, we observe an increased two-dimensionality with increasing Mach number: directly contrasting the increasing three-dimensional effects in high-speed mixing layers. Temporally evolving direct numerical simulations conducted at$Ma=0.8$and 2.0, for Reynolds numbers up to 3000, support the physical insight gained from linear stability and vortex dynamics studies.
Quantitative analysis of the ecological dominance of benthic disaster taxa in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction
Authors: Petsios Elizabeth , Bottjer David J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe end-Permian mass extinction, the largest extinction of the Phanerozoic, led to a severe reduction in both taxonomic richness and ecological complexity of marine communities, eventually culminating in a dramatic ecological restructuring of communities. During the Early Triassic recovery interval, disaster taxa proliferated and numerically dominated many marine benthic invertebrate assemblages. These disaster taxa include the bivalve generaClaraia,Unionites,Eumorphotis, andPromyalina, and the inarticulate brachiopodLingularia. The exact nature and extent of their dominance remains uncertain. Here, a quantitative analysis of the dominance of these taxa within the fossil communities of Panthalassa and Tethys benthic realms is undertaken for the stages of the Early Triassic to examine temporal and regional changes in disaster-taxon dominance as recovery progresses. Community dominance and disaster-taxon abundance is markedly different between Panthalassic and Tethyan communities. In Panthalassa, community evenness is low in the Induan stage but increases significantly in the Smithian and Spathian. This is coincident with a significant decrease in the relative abundance and occurrence frequency of the disaster taxa, most notably of the low-oxygen-affinity taxaClaraiaandLingularia. While the disaster taxa are present in post-Induan assemblages, other taxa, including two articulate brachiopod genera, outrank the disaster taxa in relative abundance. In the Tethys, assemblages are generally more even than contemporaneous Panthalassic assemblages. We observe an averaged trend toward more even communities with fewer disaster taxa in both Panthalassic and Tethyan assemblages over time.
Can the parasitoid Necremnus tutae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) improve existing biological control of the tomato leafminer Tuta aboluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)?
Authors: Calvo F.J. , Soriano J.D. , Stansly P.A. , Belda J.E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNecremnus tutae is native to the Mediterranean region where it has been observed in greenhouses parasitizing the invasive Tuta absoluta on tomato. The objective of the present study was to determine whether augmentative releases of N. tutae can improve existing biological control of T. absoluta based on predation by Nesidicoris tenuis. Two experiments were carried out, of which the first evaluated different N. tutae release rates (1 and 2 N. tutae m−2 week−1). The parasitoid reduced plant and fruit damage, especially at the higher rate. However, such reduction was considered insufficient given the large numbers of parasitoids needed and still unacceptable level of fruit damage. The second experiment focused on combining the most efficient rate of N. tutae of those evaluated during the first experiment, with the pre- and post-planting release of N. tenuis and supplemental additions of Ephestia kuehniella eggs. Addition of N. tutae decreased leaf damage by T. absoluta regardless the release method for N. tenuis, but the pre-plant release of N. tenuis alone was sufficient to prevent fruit damage by T. absoluta. This suggested that the addition of N. tutae may not be necessary to obtain satisfactory control of T. absoluta following pre-plant application of N. tenuis, although different options for using N. tutae in commercial crops may still be possible.
Trajan's Column and Mars Ultor
Authors: Beckmann Martin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper makes two arguments. The first is that Trajan deliberately orchestrated the dedication of his Column on 12 May, the anniversary of the dedication of the Temple of Mars Ultor, to coincide with the beginning of a new war against Parthia ina.d. 113. The second is that although most modern commentators focus on the function of Mars Ultor as avenger of Caesar, the evidence of his actual invocation from the late first centuryb.c. through the third centurya.d. more strongly supports another interpretation: as agent of vengeance against foreign enemies, and against Parthia/Persia in particular.
The Regime of Contract in South African Retailing: A History of Race, Gender, and Skill in Precarious Labor
Authors: Kenny Bridget 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article examines the history of precarious labor within the retail sector in South Africa since the early decades of the twentieth century. It argues that a “regime of contract” characterized through a bifurcated legal apparatus for black and white workers and skill segmentation naturalized by race and gender can be used to track the continuities as well as explain the changes within forms of precarious labor in the present. The history of struggle for regulation as well as employer efforts to refragment the employment contract have been a key part of this story. This article suggests that “regimes of contract” can be used to develop comparative and transnational study to explain precarious labor regimes globally.
Changes in the nutritional status of children and adolescents in Shandong, China
Authors: Zhang Ying-Xiu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveNutritional status during childhood plays an important role in the human life cycle. The present study examined the prevalence trends in different grades of nutritional status (thinness, normal weight, overweight and obesity) among children and adolescents in Shandong, China.DesignData for the study were obtained from six cross-sectional surveys of schoolchildren carried out in 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014. Height and weight of all children were measured; BMI was calculated from their height and weight. International BMI cut-offs were used to define thinness, overweight and obesity.SettingShandong Province, China.SubjectsA total of 56 045 students aged 7–18 years were included in the current analysis.ResultsIn the past 29 years, the prevalence of thinness decreased from 18·22 % and 23·45 % in 1985 to 7·18 % and 9·49 % in 2014 for boys and girls, respectively. Conversely, the prevalence of combined overweight and obesity increased from 1·79 % and 1·66 % in 1985 to 31·12 % and 20·11 % in 2014 for boys and girls, respectively.ConclusionsThe nutritional profile of Shandong children and adolescents had an obvious change over the past 29 years. Special attention should be paid to controlling the rapid rise of childhood overweight and obesity.
GSK-3β-induced Tau pathology drives hippocampal neuronal cell death in Huntington’s disease: involvement of astrocyte–neuron interactions
Authors: L'Episcopo F , Drouin-Ouellet J , Tirolo C , Pulvirenti A , Giugno R , Testa N , Caniglia S , Serapide M F , Cisbani G , Barker R A , Cicchetti F , Marchetti B 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β) has emerged as a critical factor in several pathways involved in hippocampal neuronal maintenance and function. In Huntington’s disease (HD), there are early hippocampal deficits both in patients and transgenic mouse models, which prompted us to investigate whether disease-specific changes in GSK-3βexpression may underlie these abnormalities. Thirty-three postmortem hippocampal samples from HD patients (neuropathological grades 2–4) and age- and sex-matched normal control cases were analyzed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCRs (qPCRs) and immunohistochemistry.In vitroandin vivostudies looking at hippocampal pathology and GSK-3βwere also undertaken in transgenic R6/2 and wild-type mice. We identified a disease and stage-dependent upregulation of GSK-3βmRNA and protein levels in the HD hippocampus, with the active isoform pGSK-3β-Tyr216being strongly expressed in dentate gyrus (DG) neurons and astrocytes at a time when phosphorylation of Tau at the AT8 epitope was also present in these same neurons. This upregulation of pGSK-3β-Tyr216was also found in the R6/2 hippocampusin vivoand linked to the increased vulnerability of primary hippocampal neuronsin vitro. In addition, the increased expression of GSK-3βin the astrocytes of R6/2 mice appeared to be the main driver of Tau phosphorylation and caspase3 activation-induced neuronal death, at least in part via an exacerbated production of major proinflammatory mediators. This stage-dependent overactivation of GSK-3βin HD-affected hippocampal neurons and astrocytes therefore points to GSK-3βas being a critical factor in the pathological development of this condition. As such, therapeutic targeting of this pathway may help ameliorate neuronal dysfunction in HD.
Glutathione peroxidase 1 deficiency attenuates concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury by modulation of T-cell activation
Authors: Lee D H , Son D J , Park M H , Yoon D Y , Han S B , Hong J T 
Published: April 2016

AbstractConcanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis model is well-established experimental T cell-mediated liver disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with T-cell activation and proliferation, but continued ROS exposure induces T-cell hyporesponsiveness. Because glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) is an antioxidant enzyme and is involved in T-cell development, we investigated the role of Gpx1 during Con A-induced liver injury in Gpx1 knockout (KO) mice. Male wild-type (WT) mice and Gpx1 KO mice were intravenously injected with Con A (10 mg/kg), and then killed after 8 h after Con A injection. Serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were measured to assess hepatic injury. To identify that Gpx1 affects T cell-mediated inflammation, we pretreated Gpx1 inhibitor to Human Jurkat T cells then treated Con A. Con A-induced massive liver damage in WT mice but its damage was attenuated in Gpx1 KO mice. Con A-induced Th1 cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-2 were also decreased in the liver and spleen of Gpx1 KO mice compared with WT mice. In Jurkat T cells, Con A-induced mRNA levels of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α were downregulated by pretreatment of Gpx inhibitor, mercaptosuccinic acid. We also observed that Gpx1 KO mice showed increasing oxidative stress in the liver and spleen compared with WT mice. These results suggest that Gpx1 deficiency attenuates Con A-induced liver injury by induction of T-cell hyporesponsiveness through chronic ROS exposure.
DNMT3B isoforms without catalytic activity stimulate gene body methylation as accessory proteins in somatic cells
Authors: Duymich Christopher E. , Charlet Jessica , Yang Xiaojing , Jones Peter A. , Liang Gangning 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPromoter DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism for stable gene silencing, but is correlated with expression when located in gene bodies. Maintenance and de novo DNA methylation by catalytically active DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1 and DNMT3A/B) require accessory proteins such as UHRF1 and DNMT3L. DNMT3B isoforms are widely expressed, although some do not have active catalytic domains and their expression can be altered during cell development and tumourigenesis, questioning their biological roles. Here, we show that DNMT3B isoforms stimulate gene body methylation and re-methylation after methylation-inhibitor treatment. This occurs independently of the isoforms’ catalytic activity, demonstrating a similar functional role to the accessory protein DNMT3L, which is only expressed in undifferentiated cells and recruits DNMT3A to initiate DNA methylation. This unexpected role for DNMT3B suggests that it might substitute for the absent accessory protein DNMT3L to recruit DNMT3A in somatic cells.