bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a position paper from a Nordic expert group
Authors: Sköld C. M. , Bendstrup E. , Myllärniemi M. , Gudmundsson G. , Sjåheim T. , Hilberg O. , Altraja A. , Kaarteenaho R. , Ferrara G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal progressive lung disease occurring in adults. In the last decade, the results of a number of clinical trials based on the updated disease classification have been published. The registration of pirfenidone and nintedanib, the first two pharmacological treatment options approved for IPF, marks a new chapter in the management of patients with this disease. Other nonpharmacological treatments such as lung transplantation, rehabilitation and palliation have also been shown to be beneficial for these patients. In this review, past and present management is discussed based on a comprehensive literature search. A treatment algorithm is presented based on available evidence and our overall clinical experience. In addition, unmet needs with regard to treatment are highlighted and discussed. We describe the development of various treatment options for IPF from the first consensus to recent guidelines based on evidence from large‐scale, multinational, randomized clinical trials, which have led to registration of the first drugs for IPF.
Association between temporomandibular disorders and pain in other regions of the body
Authors: Bonato L. L. , Quinelato V. , De Felipe Cordeiro P. C. , De Sousa E. B. , Tesch R. , Casado P. L. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe pain from temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is often associated with physical symptoms of other chronic pain disorders and comorbidities, such as generalised muscle and joint pain. However, this association is not widely studied. To evaluate the prevalence of comorbid pain in joints, specifically in the knees, hips, ankles, shoulders, wrists and elbows, in individuals with and without TMD. We evaluated 337 patients from a public hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD questionnaire were used for the diagnosis of TMD. To assess the presence of other joint pain, the patients were asked to answer questions considering: the presence of pain in the knee, hip, ankle, shoulder, wrist and elbow joints and time duration of pain. Individuals with TMD are 5·5 times more likely to present with other joint pain compared with those without the disorder. TMD muscle disorders were most associated with a higher number of pain at the other locations. There was a significant association between the presence of pain at the other locations, muscle (P < 0·001) and joint disorders (P = <0·001), as well as age advance, in TMD participants, showed to be a covariate factor for pain at the other locations. Individuals with TMD showed a high prevalence of pain in other joints of the body when compared with individuals without the disorder, and knee pain was the most prevalent pain complaint.
First report of amitraz and cypermethrin resistance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato infesting dogs in Mexico
Authors: RODRIGUEZ‐VIVAS R. I. , OJEDA‐CHI M. M. , TRINIDAD‐MARTINEZ I. , BOLIO‐GONZÁLEZ M. E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEngorged female Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Ixodida: Ixodidae) were collected from dogs in the state of Yucatán, Mexico. Fourteen tick populations were collected from dogs at seven veterinary clinics, four residential homes and three cattle farms. The larval immersion test was used in the progeny of collected adult females to test susceptibility to amitraz and cypermethrin. Dose–mortality regressions, 50% lethal concentrations (LC50), confidence intervals and slope were estimated by probit analysis. For amitraz, 12 tick populations (85.7%) were classified as resistant and low inter‐population variation in the phenotypic level of resistance was evident [resistance ratios (RRs) at LC50: 1.0–13.0]. For cypermethrin, 12 tick populations (85.7%) were classified as resistant and substantial inter‐population variation in the phenotypic level of resistance was evident (RRs at LC50: 1.0–104.0). Thus, amitraz resistance in R. sanguineus s.l. is common, but generally occurs at low levels; however, alarmingly high levels of cypermethrin resistance are present in R. sanguineus s.l. populations in dogs in Yucatán, Mexico. The intensive use of both acaricides to control ectoparasites on dogs is likely to lead to more serious resistance problems that may cause high levels of control failure in the future.
From Mfd to TRCF and Back Again—A Perspective on Bacterial Transcription‐coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair
Authors: Deaconescu Alexandra M. , Suhanovsky Margaret M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPhotochemical and other reactions on DNA cause damage and corrupt genetic information. To counteract this damage, organisms have evolved intricate repair mechanisms that often crosstalk with other DNA‐based processes such as transcription. Intriguing observations in the late 1980s and early 1990s led to the discovery of transcription‐coupled repair (TCR), a subpathway of nucleotide excision repair. TCR, found in all domains of life, prioritizes for repair lesions located in the transcribed DNA strand, directly read by RNA polymerase. Here, we give a historical overview of developments in the field of bacterial TCR, starting from the pioneering work of Evelyn Witkin and Aziz Sancar, which led to the identification of the first transcription‐repair coupling factor (the Mfd protein), to recent studies that have uncovered alternative TCR pathways and regulators.
Fractal features of soil particle redistribution along sloping landscapes with hedge berms in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of China
Authors: Zhou P. , Zhuang W. H. , Wen A. B. , Shi Z. L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMost studies have evaluated the effects of soil redistribution under water erosion or tillage erosion within hill slope landscapes, yet few studies have demonstrated soil particle redistribution from the sloping lands with a hedge berm. In this study, soil particle redistribution and fractal dimension from sloping lands with or without a hedge berm were investigated. The main radius of soil particles being redistributed from the sloping lands ranged between 0.002 and 0.02 mm, whether or not a hedge berm existed. However, there were significant differences between sloping land with a hedge berm and without a hedge berm (P < 0.05). The values of the bias coefficient ranged from −0.893 to −0.817, and the values of peak convex coefficient ranged from −1.619 to −1.371. And the order of values of the fractal dimension for land with a hedge berm of 10 cm height was as follows: upper slope > middle slope > lower slope, and the sequence of the values of fractal dimension from sloping land without a hedge berm was upper slope >middle slope > lower slope. There was also a significant difference between the upper (US) and middle slope (MS) position (P < 0.05), and results also showed highly significant correlations (R2=0.9088 without hedge berm, R2 = 0.9048 with hedge berm, respectively). A regression analysis was performed to establish the logarithmic relationship between peak convex coefficient and soil depth (R2 = 0.9461 without hedge berm, R2 = 0.9780 with hedge berm, respectively). The correlation between fractal dimension and bias coefficient was significant (P = < 0.05). Our results suggest that fractal dimension, bias coefficient and peak convex coefficient were sensitive indices to evaluate the soil particle redistribution and the farming activities, such as building a hedge berm, could better describe the characters of soil structure and soil particle redistribution from sloping cultivated land.
Labrets in Africa and Amazonia: medical implications and cultural determinants
Authors: Garve Roland , Garve Miriam , Türp Jens C. , Meyer Christian G. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe custom of wearing labrets has a long tradition. Labrets appeared independently several thousand years ago in various culture groups in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas. Today, apart from diverse body modifications as increasingly practiced in western civilisations, lip plates and plugs are found among a small number of tribal groups only in Africa and Amazonia. We summarise the history of labrets in different societies, describe medical consequences of wearing lip plates and plugs for jaws and teeth and address relevant cultural issues.
Ocular biometry by computed tomography in different dog breeds
Authors: Chiwitt Carolin L. H. , Baines Stephen J. , Mahoney Paul , Tanner Andrew , Heinrich Christine L. , Rhodes Michael , Featherstone Heidi J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo (i) correlate B‐mode ocular ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) (prospective pilot study), (ii) establish a reliable method to measure the normal canine eye usingCT, (iii) establish a reference guide for some dog breeds, (iv) compare eye size between different breeds and breed groups, and (v) investigate the correlation between eye dimensions and body weight, gender, and skull type (retrospective study).ProcedureB‐modeUSandCTwere performed on ten sheep cadaveric eyes.CTbiometry involved 100 adult pure‐bred dogs with nonocular and nonorbital disease, representing eleven breeds. Eye length, width, and height were each measured in two of three planes (horizontal, sagittal, and equatorial).ResultsB‐modeUSandCTmeasurements of sheep cadaveric eyes correlated well (0.70–0.71). The shape of the canine eye was found to be akin to an oblate spheroid (a flattened sphere). A reference guide was established for eleven breeds. Eyes of large breed dogs were significantly larger than those of medium and small breed dogs (P< 0.01), and eyes of medium breed dogs were significantly larger than those of small breed dogs (P< 0.01). Eye size correlated with body weight (0.74–0.82) but not gender or skull type.ConclusionsComputed tomography is a suitable method for biometry of the canine eye, and a reference guide was established for eleven breeds. Eye size correlated with breed size and body weight. Because correlation between B‐modeUSandCTwas shown, the obtained values can be applied in the clinical setting, for example, for the diagnosis of microphthalmos and buphthalmos.
Exploring bioaugmentation strategies for azo dye CI Reactive Violet 5 decolourization using bacterial mixture: dye response surface methodology
Authors: Ayed Lamia , Bekir Karima , Achour Sami , Cheref Abdelkrim , Bakhrouf Amina 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe use of response surface methodology based on statistical design of experiments is becoming increasingly widespread in several sciences such as analytical and environmental chemistry. In the present study, the decolourization and the degradation efficiency of CI Reactive Violet 5 (CIRV5) was studied using a novel bacterial consortium. CIRV5 (1000 p.p.m.) biodegradation was investigated under shaking condition in mineral salt medium solution (MSM) at a 7.5 pH and a 25°C temperature. The degradation pathways were also predicted, using UV‐visible spectroscopy analysis. Under optimal conditions, the bacterial consortium was able to decolourize the dye completely (>99%) within 8 h. The colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were 99.29 and 94.93%, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was utilized to detect the adhesin genes ‘icaA’ and ‘icaD.’ Our results showed that Staphylococcus aureus had a high decolourization capacity. Phytotoxicity study using Triticum turgidum ssp durum showed the no toxicity of the produced products.
A Comparative Study of the RAPINA and the Virus‐Neutralizing Test (RFFIT) for the Estimation of Antirabies‐Neutralizing Antibody Levels in Dog Samples
Authors: Manalo D. L. , Yamada K. , Watanabe I. , Miranda M. E. G. , Lapiz S. M. D. , Tapdasan E. , Petspophonsakul W. , Inoue S. , Khawplod P. , Nishizono A. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe mass vaccination of dogs against rabies is a highly rational strategy for interrupting the natural transmission of urban rabies. According to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the World Health Organization (WHO), the immunization of at least 70% of the total dog population minimizes the risk of endemic rabies. Knowledge of the virus‐neutralizing antibody (VNA) level against the rabies virus (RABV) is required to evaluate protective immunity and vaccine coverage of dogs in the field. The rapid focus fluorescent inhibition test (RFFIT) and the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) test are recommended by OIE and WHO to determine the VNA levels in serum. However, these tests are cell culture based and require the use of live viruses and specialized equipment. The rapid neutralizing antibody test (RAPINA) is a novel, immunochromatographic test that uses inactivated virus to estimate the VNA level qualitatively. It is a simple, rapid and inexpensive, although indirect, assay for the detection of VNA levels. The RAPINA has shown good positive and negative predictive values and a high concordance with the RFFIT results. In this study, we compared the performance of the two tests for evaluating the vaccination status of dogs in the Philippines, Thailand and Japan. A total of 1135 dog sera were analysed by the RAPINA and compared to the VNA levels determined by the RFFIT. The overall positive and negative predictive values of the RAPINA were 96.2–99.3% and 84.5–94.8%, respectively, with a concordance (kappa) of 0.946–0.97 among the three countries. The RAPINA results were highly homologous and reproducible among different laboratories. These results suggest that this test is appropriate to survey vaccination coverage in countries with limited resources.
Information needs and information seeking behaviors of patients and families in acute healthcare settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kynoch Kate , McArdle Annie 
Published: November 2016

Review question/objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to explore the information needs and information seeking behaviors of patients and families from healthcare providers in acute healthcare settings.
More specifically the review questions are:What information do patients and families in acute healthcare settings seek from healthcare providers?Who do patients and families prefer to receive healthcare information from?How do patients and families in acute healthcare settings prefer to receive information from healthcare providers?Is timing an important factor to consider when providing healthcare information to patients and families?
Experiences of new graduate nurses working in a neonatal intensive care setting: a systematic review protocol of qualitative evidence
Authors: Foster Jann , Taylor Christine , Patterson Tiffany , Psaila Kim 
Published: November 2016

Review question/objective:The overall objective of this systematic review is to identify, critically appraise and synthesize the experiences of new graduate nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The specific review question is: what are the experiences of new graduate nurses working in a NICU setting?
Nursing clinical handover improvement practices among acute inpatients in a tertiary hospital in Sydney: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Wainwright Craig , Wright Kylie M. 
Published: November 2016

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background:
The nursing handover normally occurs at the beginning of a nurse's shift and is considered essential for continuity of care. Nursing handovers have the potential to communicate accurate information about a patient's condition, treatment and anticipated needs but also to be ineffective or even harmful if information is incomplete or omitted. The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care has recognized clinical handover as a National Standard, thus reinforcing its importance.

Objectives:
This project aimed to conduct an audit of nursing clinical handover practices to implement evidence-based best practice recommendations to assess the effectiveness of these strategies to maximize the effectiveness of clinical handover across 11 units in a large tertiary hospital.

Methods:
The project used the Joanna Briggs Institute's Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit tool for promoting change in healthcare practice. A baseline audit of 330 observations of nursing clinical handover was conducted and measured against seven best practice recommendations, followed by the implementation of targeted strategies and a follow-up audit.

Results:
The baseline audit revealed significant deficits between current practice and best practice in all but one criterion. Barriers for implementation of nursing clinical handover best practice criteria were identified by the project team, and a bundled education strategy was implemented. There were significantly improved outcomes across all best practice criteria in the follow-up audit.

Conclusions:
The findings showed how audits may be used to promote best practice in healthcare and that focused education and provision of relevant resources can have an immediate and positive impact on clinical practice. Some of the measured criteria improved to a moderate degree, leaving room for improvement; however, by the end of the project attitudes toward nursing clinical handover had been “transformed” from a passive routine “must do” task to an active process with a focus on safety and patient/carer engagement. Future audits are planned to ensure sustainability.
All‐optical functional synaptic connectivity mapping in acute brain slices using the calcium integrator CaMPARI
Authors: Zolnik Timothy A. , Sha Fern , Johenning Friedrich W. , Schreiter Eric R. , Looger Loren L. , Larkum Matthew E. , Sachdev Robert N. S. 
Published: November 2016

Key points
The genetically encoded fluorescent calcium integrator calcium‐modulated photoactivatable ratiobetric integrator (CaMPARI) reports calcium influx induced by synaptic and neural activity. Its fluorescence is converted from green to red in the presence of violet light and calcium.
The rate of conversion – the sensitivity to activity – is tunable and depends on the intensity of violet light.
Synaptic activity and action potentials can independently initiate significant CaMPARI conversion.
The level of conversion by subthreshold synaptic inputs is correlated to the strength of input, enabling optical readout of relative synaptic strength.
When combined with optogenetic activation of defined presynaptic neurons, CaMPARI provides an all‐optical method to map synaptic connectivity.
AbstractThe calcium‐modulated photoactivatable ratiometric integrator (CaMPARI) is a genetically encoded calcium integrator that facilitates the study of neural circuits by permanently marking cells active during user‐specified temporal windows. Permanent marking enables measurement of signals from large swathes of tissue and easy correlation of activity with other structural or functional labels. One potential application of CaMPARI is labelling neurons postsynaptic to specific populations targeted for optogenetic stimulation, giving rise to all‐optical functional connectivity mapping. Here, we characterized the response of CaMPARI to several common types of neuronal calcium signals in mouse acute cortical brain slices. Our experiments show that CaMPARI is effectively converted by both action potentials and subthreshold synaptic inputs, and that conversion level is correlated to synaptic strength. Importantly, we found that conversion rate can be tuned: it is linearly related to light intensity. At low photoconversion light levels CaMPARI offers a wide dynamic range due to slower conversion rate; at high light levels conversion is more rapid and more sensitive to activity. Finally, we employed CaMPARI and optogenetics for functional circuit mapping in ex vivo acute brain slices, which preserve in vivo‐like connectivity of axon terminals. With a single light source, we stimulated channelrhodopsin‐2‐expressing long‐range posteromedial (POm) thalamic axon terminals in cortex and induced CaMPARI conversion in recipient cortical neurons. We found that POm stimulation triggers robust photoconversion of layer 5 cortical neurons and weaker conversion of layer 2/3 neurons. Thus, CaMPARI enables network‐wide, tunable, all‐optical functional circuit mapping that captures supra‐ and subthreshold depolarization.
Irradiation with x‐rays of the energy 18 MV induces radioactivity in transfusion blood: Proposal of a safe method using 6 MV
Authors: Frentzel Katharina , Badakhshi Harun 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:To prevent a fatal transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease, it is recommended to irradiate transfusion blood and blood components with ionizing radiation. Using x‐rays from a linear accelerator of the radiotherapy department is an accepted alternative to gamma irradiation devices of the blood bank and to the orthovoltage units that are replacing the gamma irradiators today. However, the use of high energy x‐rays may carry a potential risk of induced radioactivity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of two different energy levels, 6 and 18 MV, which are executed in routine clinical settings. The research question was if induced radioactivity occurs at one of these standard energy levels. The authors aimed to give a proposal for a blood irradiation procedure that certainly avoids induced radioactivity.Methods:For this study, the authors developed a blood bag phantom, irradiated it with x‐ray energies of 6 and 18 MV, and measured the induced radioactivity in a well counter. Thereafter, the same irradiation and measuring procedure was performed with a unit of packed red blood cells. A feasible clinical procedure was developed using 6 MV and an acrylic box. With the irradiation planning system XiO, the authors generated an irradiation protocol for the linear accelerator Siemens ONCOR Anvant‐Garde.Results:Both measurement setups showed that there was induced radioactivity for 18 MV but not for 6 MV. The induced radioactivity for 18 MV was up to 190 times the background. This is significant and of clinical relevance especially since there are newborn and fetal blood recipients for whom every radiation exposure has to be strictly avoided.Conclusions:The irradiation of blood with x‐rays from a linear accelerator of the radiotherapy department is safe and feasible, but by the current state of scientific knowledge, the authors recommend to use an x‐ray energy of 6 MV or less to avoid induced radioactivity in transfusion blood.
Chromosome-Based
bla
OXA-48
-Like Variants in Shewanella Species Isolates from Food-Producing Animals, Fish, and the Aquatic Environment
Authors: Ceccarelli Daniela , van Essen-Zandbergen Alieda , Veldman Kees T. , Tafro Nedzib , Haenen Olga , Mevius Dik J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Carbapenems are considered last-resort antibiotics in health care. Increasing reports of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in food-producing animals and in the environment indicate the importance of this phenomenon in public health. Surveillance for carbapenemase genes and carbapenemase-producing bacteria in Dutch food-producing animals, environmental freshwater, and imported ornamental fish revealed several chromosome-based
bla
OXA-48
-like variants in
Shewanella
spp., including two new alleles,
bla
OXA-514
and
bla
OXA-515
. Carbapenemase genes were not associated with mobile genetic elements or
Enterobacteriaceae
.