bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal associations between low morning cortisol in infancy and anger dysregulation in early childhood in a CPS‐referred sample
Authors: Frost Allison , Jelinek Caitlin , Bernard Kristin , Lind Teresa , Dozier Mary 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChildren who experience early adversity are at increased risk for developing psychopathology, and dysfunction of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is a possible mechanism conferring this risk. This study sought to characterize the association between morning cortisol during different developmental periods and deficits in children's emotion regulation, a core feature of many psychological disorders. Morning cortisol was collected at two time points (i.e., during infancy, M = 13.0 months old, and during early childhood, M = 36.8 months old) from 120 children with histories of child protective services (CPS) involvement. Children completed a lab visit during early childhood (M = 38.6 months old) that involved an observational measure of anger regulation. Results showed that low morning cortisol during infancy, but not early childhood, predicted increased anger dysregulation during early childhood. These results highlight the importance of developmental timing in assessing the effects of HPA axis functioning and suggest that low cortisol during infancy is a risk factor for later emotion regulation difficulties.
Threshold Firms: Innovation, Design and Collaboration in British Columbia's Forest Economy
Authors: Hanna Rosemary , Hayter Roger , Clapp Alex 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper assesses the extent to which threshold firms have emerged within British Columbia's wood processing industries. Threshold firms comprise an innovative business segment and are growth oriented, larger than most small firms but not giant, locally owned, international in scope at least with respect to exporting, reliant on skilled, well paid employees, and that have developed knowledge‐based product market advantages. The analysis draws on an extended case study survey of 14 firms located in the lower mainland and Okanagan regions of British Columbia, and selected for their potential as threshold firms. The analysis examines six characteristics associated with threshold firms: size and ownership, internationalization, wood supply, labor relations, innovative design and collaboration, and local embeddedness. These firms reveal attributes of threshold firms, and the paper concludes by suggesting that an innovative forest policy for British Columbia could usefully focus on this type of firm.
Creative Industries and Regional Productivity Growth in the Developing Economy: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Fahmi Fikri Zul , Koster Sierdjan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the degree to which creative industries stimulate regional productivity growth in a developing country, Indonesia. The Indonesian government promotes long‐established “traditional” craft businesses as creative industries, but they pay less attention to new knowledge creation and focus on highlighting heritage values as selling points. Our findings show that the “real” creative industries are still scarce and found mostly in fairly advanced urban regions. These industries are more likely to be an indicator than a driver of regional economic development. Meanwhile, those traditional businesses are much larger than creative industries and potentially contribute to regional productivity through consumption activities, thereby requiring different policy strategies.
Species traits explain long‐term population trends of Finnish cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Authors: Paukkunen Juho , Pöyry Juha , Kuussaari Mikko 
Published: June 2017

AbstractKleptoparasitic and parasitoid insects are expected to be particularly sensitive to changes in habitat availability due to their high trophic position and small population sizes compared with their hosts, but there are only few quantitative studies on their population changes.Here, we studied the distribution and abundance of 48 kleptoparasitic and parasitoid species of cuckoo wasps (Chrysididae) and eight selected host species recorded in Finland from 1840 to 2015 based on an extensive survey of entomological collections. Population trends were assessed by studying changes in occupancy in 10 × 10 km grid squares between two study periods, 1840–1967 and 1968–2015.Statistically significant decreases in occurrence were found for 11 cuckoo wasp species and one host species, while significant increases were not observed for any species. Trends of cuckoo wasps and their hosts were positively correlated, and changes were generally stronger in cuckoo wasps than in their hosts.In a comparative analysis of species traits, abundance, body size and nesting type of host were related to occurrence changes of cuckoo wasps. Scarce and small species that use above ground‐nesting hosts declined more than abundant and large species that use ground‐nesting hosts.Cuckoo wasp species dependent on dead wood are more vulnerable to changes in the environment than species associated with open sandy habitats. While both groups of species have probably suffered from habitat loss, the emergence of secondary habitats may have benefitted species living in sandy areas and compensated for the negative impact of habitat destruction.
Dynamics of transcriptomic response to infection by the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and its bacterial symbiont Photorhabdus temperata in Heliothis virescens larvae
Authors: An R. , Suri K. S. , Jurat‐Fuentes J. L. , Grewal P. S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEntomopathogenic nematodes in the Heterorhabditis genus and their symbiotic Photorhabdus bacteria are important biocontrol agents of insect pests and models for the study of microbe−host interactions. In this work, we used larvae of the tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) as a model to study its defensive mechanisms against Heterorhabditis bacteriophora nematodes carrying symbiotic Photorhabdus temperata. We first determined time points of initial nematode entry and release of bacteria into the haemolymph to perform transcriptional analysis of insect gene expression during these steps in the infective process. RNA‐Sequencing analyses were then performed to profile differential gene expression in the insect during nematode invasion, bacterial release and final steps of infection, relative to the untreated controls. Our results support the theory that insect immune response genes are induced upon nematode invasion, but the majority of these genes are suppressed upon the release of bacteria by the nematodes into the haemolymph. Overall, these findings provide information on the dynamics of the insect's response to a progressing infection by this entomopathogenic nematode−bacteria complex and facilitate development of Hel. virescens as a pest model for future functional studies of the key insect defence factors.
Fabrication of highly homogeneous Al‐doped TiO2 nanotubes by nanolamination of atomic layer deposition
Authors: Su Chung‐Yi , Wang Chih‐Chieh , Hsueh Yang‐Chih , Gurylev Vitaly , Kei Chi‐Chung , Perng Tsong‐Pyng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractConformal parallel arrays of Al‐doped TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated by atomic layer deposition. TiO2/Al2O3 bilayered shells were grown on a polycarbonate template by various cyclic sequences of TiO2 and Al2O3. The doping level of Al could be tuned by the fraction of cycle number of Al2O3. From the depth profiles measured by second ion mass spectrometry, Al is uniformly distributed across the thickness, which is also supported by the analyses of X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. A uniform bulk solubility of ~7 at.% and the surface concentration of ~18 at.% were observed with the cycle ratio of Al2O3: TiO2 at 0.04.
Prospective use of Ablation Index targets improves clinical outcomes following ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hussein Ahmed , Das Moloy , Chaturvedi Vivek , Asfour Issa Khalil , Daryanani Niji , Morgan Maureen , Ronayne Christina , Shaw Matthew , Snowdon Richard , Gupta Dhiraj 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimsLate recovery of ablated tissue leading to reconnection of pulmonary veins remains common following radiofrequency catheter ablation for AF. Ablation Index (AI), a novel ablation quality marker, incorporates contact force (CF), time, and power in a weighted formula. We hypothesized that prospective use of our previously published derived AI targets would result in better outcomes when compared to CF‐guided ablation.MethodsEighty‐nine consecutive drug‐refractory AF patients (49% paroxysmal) underwent AI‐guided ablation (AI‐group). AI targets were 550 for anterior/roof and 400 for posterior/inferior left atrial segments. Procedural and clinical outcomes of these patients were compared to 89 propensity‐matched controls who underwent CF‐guided ablation (CF‐group). All 178 procedures were otherwise similar, and both groups were followed‐up for 12 months. The last 25 patients from each group underwent analysis of all VisiTags™ for ablation duration, CF, Force‐Time Integral, and impedance drop.ResultsFirst‐pass pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was more frequent in AI‐group than in CF‐group (173 [97%] vs. 149 [84%] circles, P < 0.001), and acute PV reconnection was lower (11 [6%] vs. 24 [13%] circles, P = 0.02). Mean PVI ablation time was similar (AI‐group: 42 ± 9 vs. CF‐group: 45 ± 14 minutes, P = 0.14). Median impedance drop for AI‐group was significantly higher than in CF‐group (13.7 [9‐19] Ω vs. 8.8 [5.2‐13] Ω, P < 0.001). Two major complications occurred in CF‐group and none in AI‐group. Atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence was significantly lower in AI‐group (15 of 89 [17%]) than in CF‐group (33 of 89 [37%], P = 0.002).ConclusionAI‐guided ablation is associated with significant improvements in the incidence of acute PV reconnection and atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence rate compared to CF‐guided ablation, potentially due to creation of better quality lesions as suggested by greater impedance drop.
The effect of activation rate on left atrial bipolar voltage in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Williams Steven E , Linton Nick , O'Neill Louisa , Harrison James , Whitaker John , Mukherjee Rahul , Rinaldi Christopher A. , Gill Jaswinder , Niederer Steven , Wright Matthew , O'Neill Mark 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionBipolar voltage is used during electroanatomic mapping to define abnormal myocardium, but the effect of activation rate on bipolar voltage is not known. We hypothesized that bipolar voltage may change in response to activation rate. By examining corresponding unipolar signals we sought to determine the mechanisms of such changes.Methods and resultsLA extrastimulus mapping was performed during CS pacing in 10 patients undergoing first time paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation. Bipolar and unipolar electrograms were recorded using a PentaRay catheter (4‐4‐4 spacing) and indifferent IVC electrode, respectively. An S1S2 pacing protocol was delivered with extrastimulus coupling interval reducing from 350 to 200 milliseconds. At each recording site (119 ± 37 per LA), bipolar peak‐to‐peak voltage, unipolar peak to peak voltage and activation delay between unipole pairs was measured. Four patterns of bipolar voltage/extrastimulus coupling interval curves were seen: voltage attenuation with plateau voltage >1 mV (48 ± 15%) or <1 mV (22 ± 15%), and voltage unaffected by coupling interval with plateau voltage >1 mV (17 ± 10%) or <1 mV (13 ± 8%). Electrograms showing bipolar voltage attenuation were associated with significantly greater unipolar voltage attenuation at low (25 ± 28 mV/s vs. 9 ± 11 mV/s) and high (23 ± 29 mV/s vs. 6 ± 12 mV/s) plateau voltage sites (P < 0.001). There was a small but significant increase in conduction delay between unipole pairs at sites showing bipolar voltage attenuation (P = 0.026).ConclusionsBipolar electrogram voltage is dependent on activation rate at a significant proportion of sites. Changes in unipolar voltage and timing underlie these effects. These observations have important implications for use of voltage mapping to delineate abnormal atrial substrate.
Prevalence, patterns and factors associated with psychotropic use in older adults with intellectual disabilities in Ireland
Authors: O'Dwyer M. , Peklar J. , Mulryan N. , McCallion P. , McCarron M. , Henman M. C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disability (ID) are at increased risk of exposure to psychotropic drugs and psychotropic polypharmacy because of the higher prevalence of mental health conditions present and more controversially, the use of these agents to treat challenging behaviours. Despite the fact that many adults with ID are exposed to psychotropic polypharmacy, few studies to date have focused on the patterns of use of multiple psychotropics, or factors associated with psychotropic polypharmacy, particularly in the older population. This study aims to examine the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with psychotropic use in general and psychotropic polypharmacy in particular in a representative sample of ageing people with ID.MethodsThis was an observational cross‐sectional study from Wave 1 of Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing; a nationally representative sample of 753 persons with ID aged between 41 and 90 years. Participants/proxy reported medicines (prescription and over the counter) taken on a regular basis; medication data were available for 736 participants (98%). Participants were divided into those with no psychotropic exposure, exposure to 1 psychotropic and psychotropic polypharmacy (2+ psychotropics). Patterns of psychotropic use were analysed. A multinomial logistic regression model identified factors associated with use of 1 psychotropic and psychotropic polypharmacy.ResultsOverall, 59.1% (436) of the sample was exposed to any psychotropic; of these, 66.2% reported psychotropic polypharmacy. Antipsychotics were the most frequently reported psychotropic class by 43% of the sample. Living in a residential institution and having a history of reporting a mental health condition or sleep problems were associated with psychotropic polypharmacy after adjusting for confounders, while those with epilepsy were less likely to experience exposure to polypharmacy, but age, gender had no significant effect.ConclusionsPsychotropic use and polypharmacy were commonplace for older adults with ID. Psychotropic use, particularly the use of psychotropic combinations, needs to be regularly reviewed for safety, efficacy and adverse effects, and rationale for use of multiple agents needs to be clear and documented.
Evaluation of the in vivo cosmetic efficacy of the MF3 blue cell serum gel. One‐ and two‐month test results
Authors: Tulina Dina , Béguin Alain , Pong Henry , Cabarbas Maria Del Mar , Klokol Dmitry , Chan Mike K.S. , Wong Michelle B.F. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIntroductionSkin is changing over time showing signs of aging: dryness, increase in visual and tactile roughness, decrease in collagen content and stiffness, and eventually formation of deep and surface wrinkles, and fine lines.MethodsEight‐week open experimental study was conducted to test efficacy of MF3 Blue Cell Serum Gel. Main criteria to determine product efficacy by following skin biophysical techniques were as follows: skin moisturization, firmness, epidermal and dermal density, skin surface properties and sebum level, reduction in fine lines and wrinkles. Secondary criteria were as follows: participant's opinion during study and product tolerance evaluation. Days 29 and 57 assessments included visual evaluation, skin biophysical techniques, and compliance check. The self‐assessment questionnaires completed.ResultsAfter week 8, obtained results showed very good hydration effect of test product, despite the fact being serum gel. Moisturizing increased continuously during study period. Important increases on skin firmness were observed which are in line with typical anti‐aging claims. Dermal density steady improvement noted especially after 4th week of study, and effect on deep skin layers was due to increase in collagen content and stiffness. Sebum regulation process was evidenced. Further significant roughness reduction in skin surface showed decrease or disappearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Products were well tolerated with no adverse events. Most of participants noticed visible improvement and increase in facial radiance, skin smoothness, and overall skin improvement.ConclusionTwice daily application of MF3 Blue Cell Serum Gel led to significant improvement in skin hydration, firmness, dermal density, sebum regulation, roughness reduction, decrease or disappearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Matching Capital and Labor
Authors: BERK JONATHAN B. , van BINSBERGEN JULES H. , LIU BINYING 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTWe establish an important role for the firm by studying capital reallocation decisions of mutual fund firms. The firm's decision to reallocate capital among its mutual fund managers adds at least $474,000 a month, which amounts to over 30% of the total value added of the industry. We provide evidence that this additional value added results from the firm's private information about the skill of its managers. The firm captures this value because investors reward the firm following a capital reallocation decision by allocating additional capital to the firm's funds.
Meeting the needs of critical care patients after discharge home: a qualitative exploratory study of patient perspectives
Authors: Allum Laura , Connolly Bronwen , McKeown Eamonn 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundWith improved survival rates in critical care, increasing focus is being placed on survivorship and how best to support patients in returning to their former activity. Little is known about what support patients themselves view as important, and this has implications for the efficacy and acceptability of services provided.ObjectivesTo describe former critical care patients' perspectives on the support needed to optimize recovery.Study designThis is a qualitative exploratory study of the experiences of support received by critical care survivors.Research methodologySemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 12 critical care survivors recruited from a charity and a patient and public involvement group. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis to describe patterns in the participants' experiences.FindingsFour themes of support were described: effective management of transfer anxiety, tailored information provision, timely access to services and a supportive social network.ConclusionSurvivors of critical care should be equipped with information about their critical care stay, ongoing health issues and recovery and should be provided with holistic care at home. Critical care follow up was an effective way of meeting many of these needs, but this needs to be flexible to be useful to attendees. Peer support groups (face‐to‐face and online) provided information, reassurance, a social network and an avenue for those who had longer‐lasting problems than current services provide for.Relevance to clinical practiceWhilst there are commonalities in the problems faced by critical care survivors, recovery is highly individualized, and current support services do not have sufficient flexibility to cater for this. This study shows that many survivors experience after‐effects of critical care that outlast the support they are given. These longer‐term survivors are often excluded from research studies because of fears of recall bias, resulting in poor understanding of their experiences.
Linking the degree of virilization in females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia to genotype
Authors: Gurgov Semyon , Bernabé Kerlly J. , Stites John , Cunniff Christopher M. , Lin‐Su Karen , Felsen Diane , New Maria I. , Poppas Dix P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMutations of CYP21A2 variably decrease 21‐hydroxylase activity and result in a spectrum of disease expressions in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). We examined the association between CYP21A2 mutations and virilization (Prader score) in females with CAH. The study population included 187 CAH females with fully characterized CYP21A2 mutations. One hundred fifty‐eight patients were sorted into groups by expected enzyme activity (percent of normal activity) of the less severely affected allele: (A) null, 0%; (B) I2G, 1%; (C) I172N, 2%; and (D) V281L, >2%. We observed an inverse relationship between virilization and residual enzyme activity (P < 0.001). Subjects in group A or B had a significantly higher likelihood (unadjusted odds ratio: 16; P < 0.001) of developing severe virilization compared with those in group C. Surprisingly, 24% of group D patients, whose mutation is usually associated with nonclassical (NC) CAH, had severe virilization. Among subjects with the NC P30L mutation, 66% expressed unexpected virilization. Virilization, usually leading to extensive reconstructive surgery, is highly likely in patients with null or I2G mutations; however, NC mutations (P30L/V281L) may also lead to unexpected virilization. These findings have implications for prenatal counseling and highlight the need for additional investigations into other factors that influence virilization in CAH.
The impact of Andean Patagonian mycoflora in the search for new lead molecules
Authors: Aqueveque Pedro M. , Cespedes Carlos L. , Kubo Isao , Seigler David S. , Sterner Olov 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSecondary metabolites from fungi have become a major source of chemical innovation in programs searching for lead molecules with bioactivities, especially over the last 50 years. In this review, we discuss the fundamental considerations in the discovery of molecules for agricultural and medicinal uses. This group of organisms possesses a strong potential for scientific and industrial communities. Recently, the incorporation of new technologies for the artificial cultivation of fungi and the use of better equipment to isolate and identify active metabolites has allowed the discovery of leading molecules for the design of new and safer drugs and pesticides. The geographical region including the Patagonian Andes mountains harbors a wide diversity of fungi, many of them still unknown and so far associated with Chilean–Argentinian Andean endemic forests. There have been very few chemical studies of the fungi located in this region. However, those few studies have allowed the discovery of new molecules. We argue that the richness of fungal biodiversity in this region offers an interesting source for the discovery of bioactive molecules for the basic and applied sciences.