bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling hydrodynamics with comoving frame radiative transfer
Authors: Sander A. A. C. , Fürst F. , Kretschmar P. , Oskinova L. M. , Todt H. , Hainich R. , Shenar T. , Hamann W.-R. 
Published: November 2017

Context. Vela X-1, a prototypical high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB), hosts a neutron star (NS) in a close orbit around an early-B supergiant donor star. Accretion of the donor star's wind onto the NS powers its strong X-ray luminosity. To understand the physics of HMXBs, detailed knowledge about the donor star winds is required.
Aims. To gain a realistic picture of the donor star in Vela X-1, we constructed a hydrodynamically consistent atmosphere model describing the wind stratification while properly reproducing the observed donor spectrum. To investigate how X-ray illumination affects the stellar wind, we calculated additional models for different X-ray luminosity regimes.
Methods. We used the recently updated version of the Potsdam Wolf–Rayet code to consistently solve the hydrodynamic equation together with the statistical equations and the radiative transfer.
Results. The wind flow in Vela X-1 is driven by ions from various elements, with Fe iii and S iii leading in the outer wind. The model-predicted mass-loss rate is in line with earlier empirical studies. The mass-loss rate is almost unaffected by the presence of the accreting NS in the wind. The terminal wind velocity is confirmed at v∞≈ 600 km s−1. On the other hand, the wind velocity in the inner region where the NS is located is only ≈100 km s−1, which is not expected on the basis of a standard β-velocity law. In models with an enhanced level of X-rays, the velocity field in the outer wind can be altered. If the X-ray flux is too high, the acceleration breaks down because the ionization increases.
Conclusions. Accounting for radiation hydrodynamics, our Vela X-1 donor atmosphere model reveals a low wind speed at the NS location, and it provides quantitative information on wind driving in this important HMXB.
An independent distance estimate to the AGB star R Sculptoris
Authors: Maercker M. , Brunner M. , Mecina M. , De Beck E. 
Published: November 2017

Context. Distance measurements to astronomical objects are essential for understanding their intrinsic properties. For asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars it is particularly difficult to derive accurate distance estimates. Period-luminosity relationships rely on the correlation of different physical properties of the stars, while the angular sizes and variability of AGB stars make parallax measurements inherently inaccurate. For the carbon AGB star R Sculptoris, the uncertain distance significantly affects the interpretation of observations regarding the evolution of the stellar mass loss during and after the most recent thermal pulse.
Aim. We aim to provide a new, independent measurement of the distance to R Sculptoris, reducing the absolute uncertainty of the distance estimate to this source.
Methods. R Scl is a semi-regular pulsating star, surrounded by a thin shell of dust and gas created during a thermal pulse ≈2000 years ago. The stellar light is scattered by the dust particles in the shell at a radius of ≈19″. The variation in the stellar light affects the amount of dust-scattered light with the same period and amplitude ratio, but with a phase lag that depends on the absolute size of the shell. We measured this phase lag by observing the star R Scl and the dust-scattered stellar light from the shell at five epochs between June–December 2016. By observing in polarised light, we imaged the shell in the plane of the sky, removing any uncertainty due to geometrical effects. The phase lag gives the absolute size of the shell, and together with the angular size of the shell directly gives the absolute distance to R Sculptoris.
Results. We measured a phase lag between the stellar variations and the variation in the shell of 40.0 ± 4.0 days. The angular size of the shell is measured to be 19.″1 ± 0.″7. Combined, this gives an absolute distance to R Sculptoris of 361 ± 44 pc.
Conclusions. We independently determined the absolute distance to R Scl with an uncertainty of 12%. The estimated distance is consistent with previous estimates, but is one of the most accurate distances to the source to date. In the future, using the variations in polarised, dust-scattered stellar light, may offer an independent possibility to measure reliable distances to AGB stars.
How Should Imaging Direct/Orient Management of Rectal Cancer?
Authors: Bhoday Jemma , Balyasnikova Svetlana , Wale Anita , Brown Gina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractModern rectal cancer management is dependent on preoperative staging, and radiological assessment is a crucial part of this process. Imaging must provide sufficient information to guide preoperative decision-making that is reliable and reproducible. Different methods have been used for local staging; however, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown to be the most reliable tool for this purpose. MRI offers prognostic information about the patients and guides the decision between neoadjuvant treatment and total mesorectal excision alone. Also, not only the initial staging but also restaging by MRI can provide significant information regarding tumor response that is essential when considering alternative approaches.
Management of the Complete Clinical Response
Authors: São Julião Guilherme , Vailati Bruna , Castro Ivana , Raffaele Debora , Habr-Gama Angelita 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOrgan preservation is considered in the management of selected patients with rectal cancer. Complete clinical response observed after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer is one of these cases. Patients who present complete clinical response are candidates to the watch-and-wait approach, when radical surgery is not immediately performed and is offered only to patients in the event of a local relapse. These patients are included in a strict follow-up, and up of 70% of them will never be operated during the follow-up. This strategy is associated with similar oncological outcomes as patients operated on, and the advantage of avoiding the morbidity associated to the radical operation. In this article we will discuss in detail the best candidates for this approach, the protocol itself, and the long-term outcomes.
Organ-Preserving Strategies for the Management of Near-Complete Responses in Rectal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation
Authors: Lynn Patricio , Strombom Paul , Garcia-Aguilar Julio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn recent years, organ preservation has been considered a feasible alternative to total mesorectal excision for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer with a clinical complete response to neoadjuvant therapy. However, the degree of tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy is variable. A fraction of the patients who did not achieve a complete response had grossly visible tumors. These patients, with clearly incomplete clinical response, need a total mesorectal excision. In addition, some patients with a significant tumor response still have some abnormalities in the bowel wall, such as superficial ulceration or tissue nodularity, which, while not conclusive for the presence of a tumor, are indicative of the possibility of a residual tumor in the bowel wall or in mesorectal lymph nodes. The management of patients with a so-called near-complete clinical response to neoadjuvant therapy is controversial. In this article, we will review the clinical and radiological criteria that define a clinical response to neoadjuvant therapy, possible treatment strategies, and follow-up protocols. We will also discuss patient and tumor characteristics that in our opinion can be useful in selecting the most appropriate treatment alternative. Although organ preservation and quality of life are important, the primary goal of treatment for these patients should be local tumor control and long-term survival.
Neoadjuvant Strategies: Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Ahmed Shahab , Eng Cathy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractColorectal cancer is one of the major leading causes of death in both men and women. The successful management of colon or rectal cancer demands a multidisciplinary approach. In the last few years, significant improvement has been noticed in the management of localized rectal cancer to reduce local recurrence and obtain complete pathological response following appropriate surgical steps, if necessary. Implementation of neoadjuvant therapy not only enhances disease control, it may also ensure sphincter preserving procedures or organ-preserving options. This article principally concentrates on the current neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer and the prognostic outcomes of such therapy, including a discussion on the historical perspective.
“The Serpentine Zone”: A Surgeon's Guide to the Surface Anatomy of the Digital Neurovascular Spiral in Dupuytren's Contracture
Authors: Macey Alistair , Thomas Roshin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe anatomy of the cords that form in Dupuytren's disease is complicated and a spiral cord is the most challenging variant to address. It displaces the neurovascular bundle toward or beyond the midline and closer to the skin. This article illustrates the surface anatomy of the neurovascular spiral to help surgeons identify this zone of danger that the authors term “the serpentine zone.” Careful dissection in this zone will help avoid iatrogenic digital neurovascular injury.
No Value of Routine Brain Computed Tomography 6 Weeks after Evacuation of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Pedersen Christian , Sundbye Filippa , Poulsen Frantz 
Published: November 2017

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of planned control postoperative brain computed tomography (CT) scan performed 4 to 6 weeks after the evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma.
Materials and Methods This retrospective study examined 202 patients who during a 2-year period from 2011 and 2012 underwent surgical treatment for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). Information on patient age, sex, alcohol consumption, anticoagulant/antiplatelet treatment, history of head trauma, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), neurological symptoms, laterality of CSDH, and surgical technique was retrieved from patient charts.
Results Overall, 27 out of 202 patients had a recurrence of CSDH and re-evacuation of the hematoma was performed. In all patients recurrence of neurological symptoms preceded the planned postoperative control brain CT 4 to 6 weeks after primary surgery.
Conclusion Routinely postoperative control brain CT scan 4 to 6 weeks after the evacuation of a CSDH has no clinical value.
Pyelonephritis in Pregnancy: Clinical and Laboratorial Aspects and Perinatal Results
Authors: Zanatta Djulie Anne de Lemos , Rossini Mariane de Mello , Trapani Júnior Alberto 
Published: November 2017

Objective To identify the prevalence of pyelonephritis during pregnancy and to analyze the clinical and laboratorial aspects, perinatal results and complications.
Methods A transversal study of 203 pregnant women who had pyelonephritis during pregnancy and whose labor took place between 2010 and 2016 at a hospital in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The analysis was based on medical records as well as on the hospital's database. Clinical and laboratory conditions, antibiotics, bacterial resistance, perinatal outcomes and complications were all taken into account. The data was compared using the Mann-Whitney test and the Chi-square test.
Results A prevalence of 1.97% with pyelonephritis was evidenced, with most patients having it during the second trimester of gestation. The bacteria most commonly found in the urine cultures was Escherichia coli, in 76.6% of cases, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.7%). Ceftriaxone had the lowest bacterial resistance (only 3.5% of the cases). On the other hand, ampicillin and cephalothin presented higher bacterial resistance, 52% and 36.2%, respectively. The risk of very premature delivery was more than 50% higher in patients with pyelonephritis.
Conclusion Ampicillin and first-generation cephalosporins are associated with a higher bacterial resistance while ceftriaxone proved to have a high efficacy for the treatment of pyelonephritis due to low bacterial resistance. Patients with pyelonephritis showed a higher risk for very premature delivery (< 32 weeks). In this casuistry, there were no others significant differences in the overall perinatal outcomes when compared with the routine service series.
Atypical Neurologic Phenotype and Novel SLC30A10 Mutation in Two Brothers with Hereditary Hypermanganesemia
Authors: Gulab Shamshad , Al-Said Youssef , Kayyali Husam 
Published: November 2017

AbstractManganese (Mn) is an essential element in trace quantity but large amounts are toxic. A novel hereditary disorder encompassing high blood Mn levels, dystonia, polycythemia, distinctive T1 hyperintense signals in the basal ganglia on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain, and chronic liver disease was recently described. The disorder is caused by mutations in a Mn transporter encoding gene SLC30A10. We are reporting the clinical features of this rare disorder in two Saudi brothers. The older brother presented with progressive gait difficulties, hypotonia, intermittent dystonia, polycythemia, and characteristic T1-hyperintense lesions on MRI brain. SLC30A10 sequencing identified a novel missense mutation. The younger brother was identified in presymptomatic phase on family screening. Chelation therapy with disodium calcium edetate (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA) led to stabilization of gait, reduction in Mn levels, and resolution of polycythemia. We wish to highlight the atypical neurologic presentation, a novel missense mutation, and beneficial effect of EDTA in this rare disease.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Guideline of the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/080, October 2016)
Authors: Kehl Sven , Dötsch Jörg , Hecher Kurt , Schlembach Dietmar , Schmitz Dagmar , Stepan Holger , Gembruch Ulrich 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Aims The aim of this official guideline published and coordinated by the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) was to provide consensus-based recommendations obtained by evaluating the relevant literature for the diagnostic treatment and management of women with fetal growth restriction.
Methods This S2k guideline represents the structured consensus of a representative panel of experts with a range of different professional backgrounds commissioned by the Guideline Committee of the DGGG.
Recommendations Recommendations for diagnostic treatment, management, counselling, prophylaxis and screening are presented.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Maternal Neuropsychiatric Illness and Substance Abuse
Authors: Bartel Severine , Costa Serban , Kropf Siegfried , Redlich Anke , Rissmann Anke 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Introduction Worldwide the prevalence of neuropsychiatric illness among women of reproductive age is higher than ever before. This study investigates the influences of maternal substance abuse/dependence and neuropsychiatric illness on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
Patients and Methods Using a retrospective study design 185 pregnancies in women with neuropsychiatric illnesses or substance abuse were identified at a single centre over a period of 3.25 years and compared to 4907 pregnancies in healthy women without mental illness. Differences in pre-, peri- and postnatal pregnancy parameters were studied.
Results Numbers of previous abortions on obstetric history were significantly higher in cases compared to controls, women with depression being especially affected. The number of antenatal visits was also higher among cases, especially in women with depression. The caesarean section rate was significantly higher in cases compared to controls. Children of women with neuropsychiatric illness were born at lower gestational ages than those of healthy control mothers, however there were no significant differences between case and control groups for birth weight, head circumference or Apgar scores. Some isolated differences were found for disease-specific case subgroups compared to controls.
Conclusion The study shows a relationship between maternal neuropsychiatric illness and pregnancy outcomes independent of medication use. Rates of spontaneous abortion were higher. Children were born earlier, yet the neonatal outcomes birth weight, head circumference and Apgar score were not worse than children of mentally healthy women.
Effect of Premature Rupture of Membranes on Induction of Labor: A Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Kehl Sven , Weiss Christel , Dammer Ulf , Baier Friederike , Faschingbauer Florian , Beckmann Matthias , Sütterlin Marc , Pretscher Jutta 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the influence of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) on the induction of labor.
Material and Method This historical cohort study analyzed 1861 inductions of labor at term using misoprostol which occurred between 2010 and 2015. Exclusion criteria included intrauterine fetal death, previous cesarean section, and fetal structural or chromosomal anomalies. Induction of labor for PROM (PROM group) was compared to induction for other indications (no-PROM group); the primary outcome measure was the cesarean section rate.
Results The cesarean section rate for the PROM group was significantly lower (21.9% vs. 26.3%, p = 0.029). The induction-to-delivery interval was shorter (mean: 972 [854 – 6734] min vs. 1741 [97 – 10 834] min, p < 0.0001) and the rates of vaginal birth within 24 hours (80.9 vs. 52.0%, p = 0.0001) and 48 hours (98.4 vs. 85.3%, p = 0.0001) were higher in the PROM group. The impact of PROM on the cesarean section rate was not significant in multivariate analysis; however, PROM was found to have the greatest effect on the induction-to-delivery interval (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion Premature rupture of membranes significantly affects various outcome measures when delivery is induced, particularly the induction-to-delivery interval.
Fluid-driven origami-inspired artificial muscles
Authors: Li Shuguang , Vogt Daniel M. , Rus Daniela , Wood Robert J. 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Artificial muscles are flexible actuators with capabilities similar to, or even beyond, natural muscles. They have been widely used in many applications as alternatives to more traditional rigid electromagnetic motors. Numerous studies focus on rapid design and low-cost fabrication of artificial muscles with customized performances. Here, we present an architecture for fluidic artificial muscles with unprecedented performance-to-cost ratio. These artificial muscles can be programed to produce not only a single contraction but also complex multiaxial actuation, and even controllable motion with multiple degrees of freedom. Moreover, a wide variety of materials and fabrication processes can be used to build the artificial muscles with other functions beyond basic actuation.
Structures and enzymatic mechanisms of phycobiliprotein lyases CpcE/F and PecE/F
Authors: Zhao Cheng , Höppner Astrid , Xu Qian-Zhao , Gärtner Wolfgang , Scheer Hugo , Zhou Ming , Zhao Kai-Hong 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Cyanobacteria contribute significantly to global primary production. Huge photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes, phycobilisomes, constitute up to 50% of the cellular protein. Their assembly, restructuring, and disassembly are major metabolic activities. Light is absorbed by chromophores related to animal bile pigments; they are attached to apoproteins by a complex set of enzymes. Two such lyases have previously been identified as β-barrel proteins. We report the structure of a third type that also catalyzes chromophore detachment and isomerization. CpcE/F belongs to a completely different protein family, α-solenoids, but also forms a cavity that transiently hosts the chromophore. Two other proteins were modeled on this structure: an isomerizing E/F-type lyase and the poorly characterized NblB for which we propose chromophore detaching function.
Protective effects of agonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) in early experimental diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Thounaojam Menaka C. , Powell Folami L. , Patel Sagar , Gutsaeva Diana R. , Tawfik Amany , Smith Sylvia B. , Nussbaum Julian , Block Norman L. , Martin Pamela M. , Schally Andrew V. , Bartoli Manuela 
Published: November 2017

Significance
The studies described here are relevant to the cure of diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of blindness with currently limited therapeutic options. Here we provided evidence showing that agonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) can significantly diminish retinal neurovascular injury characterizing the early stages of diabetic retinopathy through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The results of the presented studies provide information on the potential therapeutic effects of GHRH agonists and shed light on the role of hypothalamic hormones in retinal physiology and their effect on visual disorders. In addition, our findings suggest protective effects of GHRH analogs in other disease conditions affecting retinal neuronal cells and, possibly, other nonretinal neurons.
Dialogue, dialogicality and interactivity
Authors: Linell Per 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper discusses about twenty approaches to the study of dialogue or interaction. The literature shows different foci in and understandings of these phenomena. There is a basic distinction between dialogue – in the sense ofovert exchangesof sequentialised utterances or contributions by two or more participants who are co-present in particular situated encounters – anddialogicality, which is taken to be a moregeneral capacitythat enables individuals or constellations of individualsto make sensein and through interactions with others, artefacts and environments. There are also “interactivity”approaches that appear to broaden the scope to encompass more of non-linguistic and often material aspects of human sense-making.
Expanding factors in threat to face
Authors: Feldman Ofer , Kinoshita Ken 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This paper details aspects related to the “face” – one’s social standing, reputation, and dignity – during interactions between interviewers and interviewees (both politicians and nonpoliticians) in more than 5,000 questions posed during three different broadcast interview programs aired throughout 2012–2013 in Japan. The interactions between interviewers and interviewees are also considered as a dialogic phenomenon in which interlocutors are actors who act and react. By examining the toughness of questions posed in these programs the paper explores their extent of threat to face of the interviewees and the facets associated with this threat, including features related to the interviewees themselves. The results indicate strong evidence of socio-cultural norms and values that affect interviewers’ relationship with politicians and other sources.