bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-optical simultaneous OR and AND optical logic gates based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator
Authors: Gupta Priyanka Kumari , Paltani Punya Prasanna , Tripathi Shrivishal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An all-optical simultaneous OR and AND logic gates using the nonlinear Kerr effect and ring resonator based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal are proposed in this paper. The proposed structure has a resonant wavelength of 1551.3 nm and a power consumption (1 kW μm−2). The proposed structure is suitable for all-optical photonic integrations because of its simplicity and small size (23 μm × 30.4 μm). Moreover, the structure executes two logic operations without requiring an additional spare/control signal through a single structure, making fabrication easy. The total footprint of the photonic crystal ring resonator structure measures approximately 699 μm2. A very high contrast ratio of 26.10 dB and 25.34 dB is obtained for the OR and AND logic gates, with response times equal to 2 ps and 0.67 ps, respectively. In addition, the calculated bit rates for OR and AND logic gates are approximately 0.5 and 1.5 Tbps, respectively. The FullWAVE and BandSOLVE module of the Rsoft CAD commercial software is used for numerical and theoretical investigation of the structure.
MOF-derived ZnCo2O4 @ Ti3C2TX nanosheet with high microwave absorption
Authors: Zheng Boxiong , Liu Xingmin , Hua Yutuo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Electromagnetic wave absorbing (EWA) materials have a wide application in military technology, so it is necessary to develop EWA materials with lightweight, and wide absorption bandwidth and strong absorption. Novel two-dimensional material (MXene) with high dielectric constant property and unique structure has attracted extensive focus in microwave absorption. However, the high conductivity of MXene limits its application in microwave absorption. In this work, ZnCO2O4 nanoparticles were obtained via a hydrothermal method and subsequent heat treatment. Then it was anchored on MXene nanosheets. The effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of the ZnCO2O4@Ti3C2Tx is 4.77GHz at 1.5mm thickness. Composites show great potential in the field of designing a new generation of efficient and lightweight microwave absorbers, which are expected to be used in various EWA applications.
Stearic Acid Modified Nano-ZnO Superhydrophobic Coating for Steel Mesh
Authors: Wang Yiru , Zhao Xin , Liu Yang , Hou Yangwu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To mitigate the detrimental effects of water on metal textiles, hydrophobic modification of such materials has garnered significant attention. However, traditional approaches often rely on complex procedures or costly materials, limiting their widespread application. Herein, we present a facile method for fabricating a superhydrophobic coating on steel mesh, and characterize the properties of the modified material. Initially, the surface of the dry steel mesh is uniformly coated with nano-ZnO crystals using a liquid deposition technique at room temperature. Subsequently, stearic acid is employed to hydrophobically modify the ZnO crystals, yielding a ZnO-based superhydrophobic coating. The influence of ZnO concentration and deposition duration on the surface crystal structure, hydrophobicity, and abrasion resistance is investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis is performed to study the surface groups before and after hydrophobic modification, while static contact angle measurements are used to assess the hydrophobic properties of the coated surface. Remarkably, even after abrasion with 1000-mesh sandpaper, the superhydrophobic properties of the steel mesh with an optimized ZnO concentration decrease by only 4%. This simple, cost-effective, and highly efficient preparation method holds promising potential for applications in related fields.
Evaluation of two household decontamination methods on protective mask materials and disinfection effects
Authors: guozhuo Gong , qiuhua Wei , ji Liu , shubin Jin , ying Shi , yan Fang , xiaoyu Wang , yunyun Zhou , jianfeng Li , zhuowei Chen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In order to find affective disinfection methods for general public to reuse protective mask, which could address supply shortages in the period of epidemic, household ovens and household ultraviolet disinfection cabinets were used as decontamination tools, and the influence of decontamination process on the protective performance of masks including PFE and TIL, as well as virus (PV I and MHV) inactivation effect were completely evaluated. It was found that the dry heat and UVGI decontamination with household devices had a little impact on PFE or TIL of masks, which indicated that two process had little effect on mask material and face seal fit. The virus inactivation results showed that dry heat decontamination could effectively inactivate the virus on the masks, and UVGI decontamination could not completely inactivate the virus caused by the special shape of masks, which could be concluded that dry heat decontamination with household oven was a feasible method to reuse the mask, and UVGI decontamination was not recommended. This study had guiding significance for the decontamination and reuse of masks by the general public.
Study on the Effect of Al-10Sr Intermediate Alloy on the Modification of A356 Aluminum Alloy after Different Purification Treatments
Authors: Chen Gui-qing , Huang Shi-ta , Fu Gao-sheng , Wu Jian-xin , Chen Ruo-yu , Xie Zu-qiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For three different purification treatment methods of aluminum melt: untreated (UT), conventional purification treatment (CPT), impurity removal flux purification treatment (IRF), and Al-10Sr intermediate alloy was applied for modification treatment. The results showed that due to the highest purity of aluminum liquid treated with IRF, the secondary dendrite spacing decreased by 31.32% after modification, and the eutectic silicon phase was in a granular and dispersed distribution. The tensile fracture exhibited ductile fracture characteristics, effectively improving the mechanical properties of the alloy. At the same time, it was found that reducing the Sr content did not decrease the modifying effect, indicating good purity of aluminum liquid can provide superior melt conditions for subsequent modification treatment.
Evaluation method of accelerated aging life of internal pressure seal layer of flexible composite hose
Authors: Shining Yuan , Guanglei Lv , Yujiang Sun , Xiaoling Zhang , jie Qu , Donghong Zhao , Haibin Gao , Lingqi Zeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the lack of evaluation methods for the life prediction of the inner pressure seal layer of in-service flexible composite hoses, the accelerated aging test method, which is the same as the transport medium and environmental conditions, and the Arrhenius equation principle are adopted to fit the life curve at different temperatures, so as to solve the problem that the life prediction of in-service flexible composite hoses is not possible at present. It provides the basis for the integrity management of flexible composite hose. The results show that the established aging life prediction model can meet the actual application requirements. The crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) of internal pressure seal can be used for 76 years.
Study on Shell-Side Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Cinquefoil Orifice Mixed-Flow Baffle
Authors: Yu Lebin , Li Huifang , Wang Tong , Qian Caifu , Wu Zhiwei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For traditional heat exchangers, segmental baffles form a “dead zone” on the leeward side of the baffle, reducing heat transfer efficiency and causing significant pressure loss in the shell side. In response to these issues, this paper proposed a new type of baffle—the cinquefoil orifice mixed-flow baffle which introduces cinquefoil orifices on the segmental baffle. This design retains some cross-flow while also inducing longitudinal jet-flow as the fluid passes through the cinquefoil orifice. Numerical results found that the cinquefoil orifice baffle not only reduces the adverse effects of the “dead zone” but also enhances turbulence in the shell-side fluid flow due to the jet-induced entrainment effect, thereby improving heat transfer efficiency. With identical boundary conditions, the cinquefoil orifice mixed-flow baffle heat exchanger demonstrated superior shell-side heat transfer effectiveness compared to the traditional segmental baffle configuration. For the heat exchanger studied here, when the cinquefoil orifice is positioned closer to the baffle cut, the shell-side Nusselt number can increase by up to 18.8%, concurrently leading to a reduction of 4.62% in shell-side pressure drop. But it is also found that with increasing the number of cinquefoil orifices, the shell-side heat transfer efficiency did not increase monotonically, implying that in addition of the locations of the cinquefoil orifices, the proportion of the longitudinal jet-flow to the cross-flow could be optimized to get a best heat transfer efficiency.
The dynamic mechanism and optimal parameters of hydraulic jump induced disk floatation
Authors: Song Yuxiao , Huang Yuhong , Wang Hengtong , Du Ruhai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The hydraulic jump induced disk floatation is one of the important and complicated kinetic issues. Based on the observation of the hydraulic jump phenomenon and disk floatation in experiment, the gas-liquid two-phase flow and free surface advection are simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics. The force and flow fields, as well as the movement mode of the disk are analyzed through numerical simulation. Meanwhile, a theoretical model is firstly proposed to investigate the motion equations from the perspectives of energy and force. The stable, metastable and instable motion modes are found out and analyzed in detail by variable-controlled and comparison methods. The critical parameters of stability and instability of the disk are obtained by continuous interpolation method.
Simulation and analysis of fresnel diffraction with arbitrary shaped apertures
Authors: Xu Jianan , Wang Shoumin , Hu Yetong , Jin Yi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
When studying diffraction and related issues, one often encounters the need to anticipate and estimate the diffraction patterns of variously shaped apertures. Optical experiments demand high environmental standards, and creating diffraction screens is cumbersome. Designing specialized optical experiments for such simple purposes is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the clarity of the diffraction patterns is hard to guarantee. Therefore, obtaining diffraction patterns quickly and accurately in different situations has become a bottleneck. This article first obtains the integral expression of the Fresnel diffraction light field produced by a monochromatic point light source illuminating a diffraction hole based on Kirchhoff’s diffraction theory. Then, it establishes a mathematical model of the hole to obtain the integral element and uses mathematical software for computational simulation, obtaining diffraction patterns applicable to any shape hole. The paper performs calculations taking uppercase English letters as shaped aperture examples and conducts detailed analysis of their diffraction patterns.
Weak signal detection in chaotic noise background - based on VMD-EEMD and self-attention mechanisms
Authors: Zhao Shengli , Wu Yuanyuan , Jiang Xiuyue , Peng Deyang , Yu Jing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a method for detection and estimation of weak harmonic signals in chaotic noise background is proposed. Firstly, the observed signal is smoothed by local weighted regression model to reduce the influence of noise. Then, the smoothed signals are decomposed into the intrinsic mode functions by Variational Mode Decomposition and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (VMD-EEMD). The components are reconstructed in the phase space, and the one-step prediction is carried out by adding a layer of the self-attention mechanism in the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The one-step prediction error is obtained by summing up the prediction results of the components and the weak harmonic signals will be detected from the one-step prediction error. Finally, the periodogram method is used to detect whether the observed signals contain harmonic signals or not. If the observed signals contain harmonic signals, the amplitude and phase are estimated by the least squares method. Simulation experiments show that the method proposed in this paper has good performance. In detection of single harmonic signal, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Square Error (MSE) of the one-step prediction are 0.0212 and 0.00068 respectively; MAE and MSE of the signal estimation are 0.001977 and 0.0007 respectively. In detection of multiple harmonic signals, MAE and MSE of the one-step prediction are 0. 0248 and 0. 0006 respectively; MAE and MSE of the signal estimation are 0. 0035 and 1.681×10−5 respectively. The method proposed in this paper is able to efficiently detect weak harmonic signals from chaotic noise backgrounds and estimate the harmonic signals.
Calculation method of particle angular distribution based on directional probability approach in the Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Liu Li , Zuo Yinghong , Niu Shengli , Zhu Jinhui , Shang Peng , Li Xiazhi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To address the limitations of narrow applicability and low computational efficiency in the existing methods for calculating particle angular distribution using Monte Carlo simulations, this paper proposes a method based on the directional probability approach. In this method, when calculating the fluence at a recording point using the directional probability approach, virtual particles are binned based on the cosine of the angle between their direction and different reference directions, enabling statistical calculation of the particle angular distribution at the recording point. The simulated one-dimensional angular distribution of particles at the recording point agrees well with the angular distribution at the recording surface, with a total fluence deviation of less than 2% and an angular distribution deviation of less than 5%. Additionally, to facilitate the coupling of particle transport simulation with other physical fields, corresponding methods have been established to statistically calculate the fluence components in different directions of the xyz coordinate system. This method can calculate one-dimensional, two-dimensional angular distributions, and different directional components of particles at any location within the radiation field, providing technical support for research in ray detection, radiation protection, nuclear radiation field analysis, and nuclear data evaluation.
Integrated Approach To Material Parameterization And Inflation Control Of Hyperelastic Membrane For Artificial Left Ventricle Development
Authors: Singh Aditya Kumar , Raj Deepak , Kumar Nirmal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In transitioning from conventional mechanical to biomedical applications, the choice of materials becomes critical. While hard materials like steel offer durability, their compatibility with biological systems, particularly blood, is limited due to the risk of cell damage. To address this, our research focuses on soft membrane-based systems to minimize haemolysis and optimize blood flow. By prioritizing biocompatibility and gentle interactions, our approach aims to enhance the safety and effectiveness of biomedical devices. Through innovative solutions in material selection and system design, we aim to advance cardiovascular medicine and contribute to the broader field of biomedical engineering.
The effect of scattering of phonons, size and grain boundary on electrical properties for (Co and Ni) nano metals
Authors: Almajedi Reza Fahad , Mohammed May A. S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study of the electrical properties of metals (Nickel, Cobalt), we utilize the Fuchs-Sondheier model to analyse the surface scattering of electrons, commonly known as the surface scattering coefficient (p). Our findings reveal the impact of thickness on electrical resistivity for these metals. the Mayadas-Shatzkes model show speaks to all sorts of scattering that influence grain boundaries and known as grain boundary reflection coefficient (R), two of the foremost critical essential components that utilized in assessing measure impact agreeing to theoretical considers. influences electrical resistivity for Cobalt and Nickel. where the electrical characteristics of metal shift depending on the substance’s concentration (impurities, point defects and vacancies). The comes about at that point illustrated that the electrical resistivity at all temperatures increases with diminishing thickness, which shows that Cobalt and Nickel has surface scattering coefficient p(Co)=0.64, p(Ni)=0.543, Cobalt has R=0.0434 and Nickel R=0.011 as the grain boundary reflection coefficient.
Choosing the best locations to establish a nuclear power plant in Iraq with respect to radioactivity in those areas
Authors: Ahmed Emad H. , Karim Mahmood S. , Al-Ramahi Fouad K. Mashee 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Iraq is in a good position to run its nuclear power plant to prepare for long-term energy needs, including electricity demands. The ideal location for the nuclear power plant was identified in this study, as were the standards for choosing that location. Salah al-Din and portions of Anbar were the options. This research takes into account seven criteria: low population density, residential area, river access, topography, and land use. The criteria are represented in GIS layers, a GIS analysis is conducted to provide many proposed sites, and the criteria are categorized based on the weight distance value. To protect the lives of the station employees, the natural radioactivity of the research region was also monitored. The effectiveness of the site suitability map lies in its capacity to evaluate and display the suitability rates for nuclear power plants. The nearest quarter for distance of water sources of the total samples, which is No. (15, 11, 19, 20 and 13), the water sources are (Tigris River, Haditha Dam, Tigris River, Tigris River, and Tharthar Lake). As for the distance from the city centers, the furthest quarter of the samples were chosen from the residential areas, which are each of the samples with No. (14, 13, 10, 6 and 12) respectively. To the city centers (Tikrit City, Tikrit City, Tikrit City, Rawa City, and Kubaisa City) respectively, with distances (51256, 50385, 38308, 30934, and 25392).
Evaluating Ammonia-Diesel Blends in Engine Operations: Performance and Stability Impacts
Authors: Almanzalawy M , Nada S , Abo-Elfadl S , Hassan H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of incorporating ammonia into diesel engine operations, focusing on its impact on performance and stability. Ammonia was introduced into the engine via the intake air. By varying ammonia ratios at different engine speeds and under full load conditions, it was found that ammonia integration could be achieved without stability issues up to an energy fraction of 54%. However, exceeding this threshold resulted in misfire occurrences during engine operation. Notably, lower energy ammonia fractions below 40% led to increased power output, while higher fractions caused power reduction. Additionally, consistent reductions in brake-specific energy consumption were observed with ammonia supplementation. Variations in in-cylinder pressure were directly correlated with power output changes. Peak pressure initially increased with ammonia but decreased beyond 40% energy sharing, with its location consistently retarded. Moreover, ammonia induction led to longer ignition delays and altered combustion phasing across all engine speeds, indicating its significant influence on engine operating parameters.
CdO Nanoparticles by chemical method as antimicrobial therapy in order to maintain of healthy cells
Authors: Mezher Thaer A. , Ahmed Hameed H. , Khaleel Mohammed M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A simple chemical method that has the potential for large-scale manufacturing was used to produce Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Nanoparticles (NPs). Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, The optical and Structural properties of synthesized CdO were investigated, strong antibacterial activity of CdO nanoparticles is demonstrated against a variety of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal diseases. Therefore, CdO NPs might be a potential substitute to develop as an antibacterial agent against bacterial strains that are resistant to many drugs. Applications of CdO NPs might provide important discoveries in a variety of domains, including antibacterial systems and medical devices.
Fresh water production via atmospheric water harvesting using solar energy for green hydrogen production
Authors: Nada Rania S , Emam Mohamed , Hassan Hamdy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Solar energy is used to drive an atmospheric water harvesting unit to produce fresh water needed for the electrolysis process to produce hydrogen, as well as to drive the electrolyzer. So, the system can be considered as a solar powered hybrid system for fresh water harvesting and green hydrogen production implementing the electrolysis concept. Implementation of the system specially in arid regions with high levels of water scarcity and high relative humidity levels helps in achieving SDGs 3, 7, 9, and 13 progressively, improving health and wellbeing, reducing water scarcity, using clean renewable energy, and limiting climate change. The system is proposed and investigated for the production of both fresh and clean water and green hydrogen gas. To improve the productivity of the overall system, performance enhancement of the atmospheric water harvesting subsystem is experimentally investigated to assure the reliability and continuous operation of the overall green hydrogen hybrid system. It was investigated in summer and winter using different number of porous sheet metals with the silica gel bed. The results show that the productivity of the atmospheric water harvesting system can be increased by a minimum of 6% with one mesh metal sheet and 30% with two meshes, and increases by a maxinmum of 60% with one mech and 260% with two meches.
An Analytical Approach for Sustainable Greenhouse Heating in Lebanon: A Focus on Air Source Heat Pumps
Authors: Khaled Loubna , Dib Rabih , Abdulhay Bakri , Moubayed Nazih 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In Lebanon, where economic challenges and Mediterranean climate dominate, protected cultivation methods, such as greenhouses, are widely used for sustainable agriculture. Tomatoes, with an annual production of around 250,000 tons in Lebanon, are the focus of this study. Tomato leaves require a temperature range of (18-25ºC) for optimal growth. The present study explores the potential of air-source heat pumps as a sustainable heating method. It includes a comprehensive literature review and discusses alternative heating methods. A dynamic energy model was developed after using statistical models to plot the temperature and solar radiation profiles for the worst-case scenario for heating. This energy model sizes the heat pump to maintain 18 ºC in a standard 332 m2 Quonset greenhouse with thermal polyethylene covering. The model’s validity was demonstrated by comparing its temperature profiles with a study conducted in West Bengal, India. The results indicate the adequate size for the studied case is 16 kW. Sensitivity analysis showed the required power for different temperature settings (12-18ºC) and the effect of wind speed by analyzing the heat transfer coefficient of the cover, which doubled the power when the heat transfer coefficient increased from 4 to 10 W/m2.K.