bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracting parity-violating gravitational waves from projected tidal force tensor in three dimensions
Authors: Okumura Teppei , Sasaki Misao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Gravitational waves (GWs) may be produced by various
mechanisms in the early universe. In particular, if parity is
violated, it may lead to the production of parity-violating GWs. In
this paper, we focus on GWs on the scale of the large-scale
structure. Since GWs induce tidal deformations of the shape of
galaxies, one can extract such GW signals by observing images of
galaxies in galaxy surveys. Conventionally the detection of such
signals is discussed by considering the three-dimensional power
spectra of the E/B-modes. Here, we develop a complementary new
technique to estimate the contribution of GWs to the tidal force
tensor field projected on the celestial sphere, which is a directly
observable quantity. We introduce two two-dimensional vector fields
constructed by taking the divergence and curl of the projected tidal
field in three dimensions. Their auto-correlation functions
naturally contain contributions of the scalar-type tidal field.
However, we find that the divergence of the curl of the projected
tidal field, which is a pseudo-scalar quantity, is free from the
scalar contribution and thus enables us to extract GW signals. We
also find that we can detect parity-violating signals in the GWs by
observing the nonzero cross-correlation between the divergence of
the projected tidal field and the curl of it. It roughly
corresponds to measuring the cross-power spectrum of E and
B-modes, but these are complementary to each other in the sense
that our estimator can be naturally defined locally in position
space. Finally we present expressions of the correlation functions
in the form of Fourier integrals, and discuss the properties of the
kernels specific to the GW case, which we call the overlap reduction
function, borrowing the terminology used in the pulsar timing array
experiments.
Automatic detection of epileptic seizure based on one dimensional cascaded convolutional autoencoder with adaptive window-thresholding
Authors: Timothy Aboyeji Sunday , Wang Xin , Chen Yan , Ahmad Ijaz , Li Lin , Liu Zhenzhen , Yao Chen , Zhao Guoru , Zhang Yu , Li Guanglin , Chen Shixiong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. Identifying the seizure occurrence period (SOP) in extended EEG recordings is crucial for neurologists to diagnose seizures effectively. However, many existing computer-aided diagnosis systems for epileptic seizure detection (ESD) primarily focus on distinguishing between ictal and interictal states in EEG recordings. This focus has limited their application in clinical settings, as these systems typically rely on supervised learning approaches that require labeled data. Approach. To address this, our study introduces an unsupervised learning framework for ESD using a 1D- cascaded convolutional autoencoder (1D-CasCAE). In this approach, EEG recordings from selected patients in the CHB-MIT datasets are first segmented into 5 s epochs. Eight informative channels are chosen based on the correlation coefficient and Shannon entropy. The 1D-CasCAE is designed to autonomously learn the characteristic patterns of interictal (non-seizure) segments through downsampling and upsampling processes. The integration of adaptive thresholding and a moving window significantly enhances the model’s robustness, enabling it to accurately identify ictal segments in long EEG recordings. Main results. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed 1D-CasCAE effectively learns normal EEG signal patterns and efficiently detects anomalies (ictal segments) using reconstruction errors. When compared with other leading methods in anomaly detection, our model exhibits superior performance, as evidenced by its average Gmean, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and false positive rate scores of 98.00% ± 3.51%, 94.94% ± 6.92%, 99.60% ± 0.30%, 79.92% ± 13.56% and 0.0044 ± 0.0030 h−1 respectively for a typical patient in CHB-MIT datasets. Significance. The developed model framework can be employed in clinical settings, replacing the manual inspection process of EEG signals by neurologists. Furthermore, the proposed automated system can adapt to each patient’s SOP through the use of variable time windows for seizure detection.
Mechanical Properties of Natural Composites: Hemp Fiber and Polypropylene Resin
Authors: Pavani G , Shashidhar A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Natural composite is a material, formed by combining natural fibers, such as hemp or flax, with a synthetic matrix, often composed of polymers like Epoxy Resin, Polyester Resin, Polyethylene Resin, Polypropylene Resin and Polypropylene Resin. The natural fibers contribute strength and environmental sustainability, while the synthetic matrix enhances durability and structural integrity, resulting a versatile composite material for various applications and unique properties of both components for improved overall performance. These composites are considered as environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional materials due to the renewable nature of hemp and the recyclability of polypropylene. The focus is on understanding how these materials behave when combined, with their mechanical properties and materials respond to applied forces for assessing their structural performance. In this research, computational analysis is done by using ANSYS 2024R1 software is to investigate the mechanical properties of the hemp fiber and polypropylene resin combine composite. The simulation involves setting up the virtual environment, applying boundary conditions, and running simulations to predict the behaviour of the composite material respond to applied forces. Although no manufacturing process is undertaken in this study, the computational analysis allows us to gain insights into how the materials might interact and perform in real-world applications.
Analysis of Intermetallic Alloy: A Comparative Examination of Electron Beam And Gas Tungsten Arc Welding For Copper-Stainless Steel Dissimilar Metal Joints
Authors: Rajendran Ajith Raj , Balguri Praveen Kumar , Belchada Rajesh , Krishnan Arun , Patil Ishwaragowda V , Salam Niaz A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Dissimilar metal joints are critical areas of aerospace engineering as they demands the joining of materials with diverse properties to meet the requirements of aircrafts and spacecraft. Dissimilar metal joints enables the integration of materials with different mechanical, thermal and corrosive resistant properties and achieve light weight structures with less fuel consumption and enhance the overall performance of aircraft and spacecraft. But creating such a dissimilar joint is very challenging and require advanced welding techniques to ensure improved reliability and efficiency of these joints. During dissimilar metal joints an intermetallic alloy is formed which has to be free from oxides. Copper and Stainless steel joints have a wide range of application in aerospace industry specifically in heat exchangers and electrical connectors. In this paper, a comparative analysis of the dissimilar metal joints of Copper and Stainless Steel 304 made with a conventional Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Electron Beam Welding (EBW). GTAW is performed with and without filler in an open atmospheric environment whereas Electron Beam Welding is performed inside a vacuum chamber. The presence of fatigue cracks, voids and pores are analyzed using Optical and Scanning Electron Microscope. EDX analysis is also performed to analyze the elemental composition in the intermetallic alloy formed during both welding methods.
Impact on pitting corrosion in Martensitic Stainless Steel: The Effect of Annealing Response
Authors: Vivek R , Ganeshkumar S , Dharanikumar S , Rameshbabu R , Balasubramani S , Vivek Anand A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The information reviewed for annealing technique exclusively depends on the temperature gradients. The predominant characteristics like hardenability of Martensitic structure improves the resistance for formation layer during quenching. This makes the substantiate layer of the materials to deceive the formation of oxides on surface and imparts the corrosion resistance. The Pitting corrosion – resistance equivalent (PRE = wt % Cr + 3.5wt % Mo + 15.7 wt % N) with the critical Pitting corrosion temperature, CPT as 17% from the 71°C to 88°C. The solution annealing methodology were carried out for the study of the CPT. The impact strength firmly evident to be maintained as the energy absorption equivalent to the increase in temperature and still in the brittle fashion for martensitic type of stainless steel. The layers formed during the quenching associates to this brittle fashion as per the literature report.
Materials for semiconductor nanowires in nanoscale photonic and electronic devices
Authors: Singh Pulkit , Singh Rajan , Cheeli Ashok Kumar , Sahitya Pinnamaraju , Rahul Sriram 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many aspects of civilization are impacted by electronic and optoelectronic equipment, including medical instruments, communications, computing, multimedia systems, and basic home appliances. the development of nanoscale devices has garnered significant attention due to the increasing demand for smaller, more powerful, and efficient systems across various industries. Nanoscale devices operate at the nanometer scale, typically involving structures and components with dimensions on the order of 1 to 100 nanometers. As a potent class of materials, semiconductor nanowires are creating a lot of new possibilities for innovative nanoscale photonic and electrical devices through carefully regulated development and organization. the exploration of electronic and optoelectronic nanodevices, along with integrated arrays, opens up a rich landscape of possibilities across various technological domains. This research not only pushes the boundaries of miniaturization but also paves the way for innovative applications in electronics, photonics, sensing, and emerging fields like quantum and neuromorphic computing that hold the potential for numerous applications in the future.
Mechanical characterization of kenaf natural fiber reinforced polymer composite with terminalia chebula filler
Authors: Babu Maram Suresh , Deva Kumar M.L.S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the mechanical characterization of a novel composite material comprising Kenaf fiber reinforced epoxy polymer with Terminalia chebula filler. There is more interest in using natural fibres and bio-fillers in polymer composites due to the need for environmentally acceptable and sustainable products. Terminalia chebula, a bio-filler rich in phenolic compounds, is coupled with the high strength and low density of kenaf fibre composite to improve mechanical qualities and provide sustainability. This study investigates the effect of chemical treatment and the addition of filler on the tensile strength and flexural strength of the composite.
Characteristics Study of OLED Materials
Authors: Singh Rajan , Singh Pulkit , Sridhar B. , Kaushik G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are emerging as promising alternatives to conventional lighting and display technologies due to their unique properties and potential energy efficiency. This study conducts a comprehensive investigation into OLED materials, focusing on their optical, electrical, and structural characteristics. Through experimental analysis and theoretical modeling, the study delves into the performance and behaviour of various OLED materials, including organic semiconductors, charge transport layers, and emissive materials. Critical aspects such as charge carrier mobility, exciton formation, and device stability are examined to understand the mechanisms governing OLED operation. The findings offer valuable insights into optimizing OLED devices for applications ranging from consumer electronics to lighting and signage. This research contributes fundamental knowledge and practical guidelines for material selection, device fabrication, and performance assessment, thereby advancing OLED technology. The insights provided pave the way for future innovations in OLED materials and device design, potentially leading to improvements in efficiency, brightness, and longevity.
The Impact of Filler Made of Acacia Concinna Pods and Fiber Treatment on the Water Absorption Properties of Kenaf Fiber Hybrid Composites
Authors: Pachappareddy Chiranjeevi , Padhy Chinmaya Prasad , Pendyala Srinivas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Various research on kenaf fiber reinforced polymer composites (KFRPCs) hybridized with different filler materials have been carried out successfully in recent decades. However, there is still serious concern about their susceptibility to water absorption. The present study focuses on the water absorption properties of composites reinforced with kenaf fibers, which can have varying percentage filler additions and can be composed of fibres with or without chemical treatment. Kenaf fibres (treated and untreated), an epoxy polymer matrix, and different percentages of Acacia Concinna pod fillers (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) were used to fabricate the hybrid composites. A hand layup technique is used to fabricate neat hybrid composites. Later, composite samples are prepared as per the ASTM standard. The water absorption test was conducted by immersing the samples in distilled water for 15 days. After a twelfth day, the composite samples reached equilibrium and stopped absorbing water. According to the results of this investigation, treated fiber composites have a lower water intake character than untreated fiber composites. Although adding Acacia Concinna fillers improves mechanical characteristics, it slightly increases water absorption due to filler absorption.
Investigating the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of AA 7075 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite with ZrO2 and Al2O3
Authors: Sudarsan D. , Bovas Herbert Bejaxhin A. , Raj Kumar S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Modern materials for lightweight, high-strength applications in the automotive and aerospace industries have gained popularity as hybrid metal matrix composites. AA 7075 was chosen for the metal matrix in this study due to its superior castability, compatibility, and extensive use in the aerospace and automotive industries. The main reason zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) was used as one of the reinforcements was to take advantage of its unusual crystal structure. In addition, aluminium oxide (Al2O3) was chosen as a reinforcement due to its remarkable wear-resistant qualities. CNC technology was used to create test specimens once the composite was developed through casting. Micrograph studies, tensile strength tests, micro hardness tests, wear tests, and corrosion behaviour tests were among the several tests that were carried out. A maximum value of 82.9 at a 200kgf force was recorded during micro hardness tests using a Vickers micro hardness tester, which is a 70% increase over the parent alloy. A pin-on-disc Ducom wear test device was used for the wear testing, which showed a noticeable improvement in wear resistance compared to the ground alloy AA7075. ZrO2 and Al2O3’s outstanding tribological qualities are responsible for this enhancement. This study work successfully developed a hybrid metal matrix composite with excellent characteristics, providing improved performance for aerospace and automotive applications
Pseudocapacitive Materials: A Critical Examination of Terminological Perspectives
Authors: Velpula Vijaya Kumar , Sivaramakrishna Yechuri , Miriyala Ganesh , Geetha Yerramsetti 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Numerous research and development initiatives have focused on improving pseudocapacitive materials and associated energy storage devices due to their well-known high capacitance and high-rate capabilities. The extensive use of nanomaterials in batteries, however, has recently allowed for the achievement of fast redox kinetics that are on par with pseudocapacitive materials. The main reason for this is that the nanoscale effects lead to shorter ion diffusion lengths and more surface or interface exposure. Since then, the line between “battery materials” and “pseudocapacitive materials” has become increasingly harder to draw. This review starts by looking at several ways that pseudocapacitive materials have been defined, how these definitions have changed over time, and how confused people have been as a result. A suggested technique that uses quantitative kinetics analysis in conjunction with electrochemical signatures such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) can distinguish between the battery and pseudocapacitive materials with high accuracy. Lastly, the review wraps up by delving into possible setups for asymmetric and hybrid supercapacitors. This review hopes that the differences between battery materials and pseudocapacitive materials will help to clear up any misunderstandings about what they are and how they differ.
Optimizing Ti6Al4V Alloy Wire Edm Parameters using Regression Analysis and Metaheuristic Algorithm
Authors: Jai Rajesh P , Balambica V. , Achudhan M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This research is aiming to identify optimal WEDM parameters for Ti6Al4V alloy, which is a Ti-based alloy widely used in the aviation field, by using a combination of regression analysis and meta heuristic algorithms. The main task is to make the process of the WEDM more effective, which would mean that materials removing rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) would also be increased for Ti6Al4V alloy. The experimental setup procedure includes applying Charmilles Wire-EDM technique on Ti6Al4V material with brass wire electrode submerged in de-ionized water. To obtain the results there were whole series of experiments were conducted and the datasets was submitted to the regression methods. It finally turned out that the Random Forest regression model turned out to be the best one, with the largest R2 values for both MRR (0.8555) and SR (0.8887), thus showcasing its distinctive capabilities by the means of capturing the intricate cause-effect patterns within manufacturing process. Specifically, the data is processed by multiple meta-optimization algorithms including D-ORCA, PSO, Firefly, Cuckoo, MOTLBO, GWO and Salp Swarm which evolve at the same time for optimization. Among the three regression models, D-ORCA presented with the highest combined score to indicate its strongest suit in terms of finding the most suitable parameters for the WEDM process. Nevertheless, PSO and Firefly algorithms delivered a combination of optimized MRR and SR. Through this wider research aim is to enrich the existing understanding and practicability of WEDM technology for Ti6Al4V alloys and provide a new light to the optimization of output parameters to achieve a companion of optimized MRR and SR. By solving identified challenges from the available literature, this study comes in handy, not only in improving efficiency.
Exploring the Cytotoxic Effects of Rosemary and Ginger Formulation with Mediated Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Dental Floss: A Brine Shrimp Model Study.
Authors: Renganathan Sundar , Shenoy Amrutha , Ganapathy Dhanraj 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The primary aim of this investigation was to assess the cytotoxic effects of a novel dental floss formulation integrating rosemary and ginger extracts, incorporated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The study involved meticulous preparation of rosemary and ginger extracts through cold maceration and subsequent concentration using rotary evaporation. Concurrently, titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a green synthesis approach. Subsequently, the formulated extracts were meticulously applied to dental floss utilising a precise spray-coating technique. The cytotoxicity assay was conducted using a brine shrimp lethality test, exposing varying concentrations of the coated dental floss extract exposed to brine shrimp larvae. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA and post-hoc tests, was performed to assess concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects. ANOVA revealed significant differences in mean survival rates among concentration groups (P < 0.05). Notably, Tukey’s HSD test showing significant differences between the control group and the 40 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL groups (p < 0.05), indicating pronounced cytotoxic effects at these concentrations compared to the control. The study demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects of the novel dental floss formulation, particularly at concentrations of 40 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL. Further research is crucial to optimize concentration levels and understand long-term effects, advancing the safety of oral hygiene products and periodontal health post-dental crown cementation.
Investigation of various winglets using computational fluid dynamics for subsonic aircraft
Authors: Jayanth R , Sagar Chiraag M , Rajashekar T K , Arvind Raj G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The tiny, upturned, or downturned extensions at the tips of an aircraft’s wings are designated as winglets. By minimizing drag and improving fuel efficiency, they are introduced to increase the aircraft’s aerodynamic efficiency. Winglets are now a day’s employed in the commercial aircraft to minimise the induced effect caused by wing tip vortices produced at low subsonic speeds. In this article, we have selected NACA 2412, from which we have created a swept back wing with a 20-degree sweep angle that has eight distinct winglet configurations. SolidWorks 2023 is used for design work, and ANSYS 19.2 is used for analysis. The analysis is carried out by changing the angle of attack (AOA) from -6 degrees to 20 degrees with an incremental step of 2 degrees. Here, we have used the k-epsilon turbulence model to capture the turbulence and 100 m/s velocity is maintained throughout the analysis. From this analysis, a potential solution of aerodynamic co-efficient (lift, drag, cl, cd and cl/cd) are being observed. Blended winglet with cant angle 35 degrees produces high lift-to-drag ratio compared with another winglet configuration. The insights gained from the study are plotted in various graphs such as cl vs alpha, cd v/s alpha and cl/cd v/s alpha and the CFD results show a considerable improvement in aircraft’s performance after using winglets. Aluminium alloy’s high strength to weight ratio, robust corrosion resistance, enhanced conductivity, and outstanding ductility qualities will make it easier for us to manufacture winglets in the future.
Thermal Analysis of Cascade Refrigeration System Employing the Refrigerant Pair R23-R404A
Authors: Jagtap Narendra , Hatte Prafulla 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, a thermal analysis is conducted on a refrigeration cycle utilizing the refrigerant pair R23-R404A, specifically designed for ultra-low temperature applications reaching as low as -80°C. The study is motivated by the growing demand for ultra-low temperatures in applications such as automotive cold hardening and specialized electronic component testing. Our main goal is to select the appropriate refrigerant pair and carry out the detail thermal design calculations along with refrigeration component selection. The refrigerant selection approach describes the working envelopes for high stage along with low stage for efficient operation. The refrigerant selection process is a crucial focus, considering safety classifications for toxicity and flammability. R23 and R404A are chosen for their non-flammable properties and lower toxicity levels, making them suitable for ultra-low temperature industrial applications. The study outlines a systematic approach for designing, optimizing, and selecting components like compressor, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator etc. and prioritizing efficiency in achieving optimal performance. The design methodology includes detailed analyses of cooling load calculations, thermodynamic equations, and key performance parameters. The research also addresses challenges in component selection, providing insights into potential hurdles and considerations.