bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of oxygen on the per‐cell extracellular electron transfer rate of Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 explored in bioelectrochemical systems
Authors: Lu Mengqian , Chan Shirley , Babanova Sofia , Bretschger Orianna 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTExtracellular electron transfer (EET) is a mechanism that enables microbes to respire solid‐phase electron acceptors. These EET reactions most often occur in the absence of oxygen, since oxygen can act as a competitive electron acceptor for many facultative microbes. However, for Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1, oxygen may increase biomass development, which could result in an overall increase in EET activity. Here, we studied the effect of oxygen on S. oneidensis MR‐1 EET rates using bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). We utilized optically accessible BESs to monitor real‐time biomass growth, and studied the per‐cell EET rate as a function of oxygen and riboflavin concentrations in BESs of different design and operational conditions. Our results show that oxygen exposure promotes biomass development on the electrode, but significantly impairs per‐cell EET rates even though current production does not always decrease with oxygen exposure. Additionally, our results indicated that oxygen can affect the role of riboflavin in EET. Under anaerobic conditions, both current density and per‐cell EET rate increase with the riboflavin concentration. However, as the dissolved oxygen (DO) value increased to 0.42 mg/L, riboflavin showed very limited enhancement on per‐cell EET rate and current generation. Since it is known that oxygen can promote flavins secretion in S. oneidensis, the role of riboflavin may change under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 96–105. © 2016 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Covalent Immobilization of Polyoxotungstate on Alumina and Its Catalytic Generation of Sulfoxides
Authors: Hong Lanlan , Win Pyaesone , Zhang Xuan , Chen Wei , Miras Haralampos N. , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe structural and chemical stabilities of immobilized polyoxometalate (POM)‐containing catalysts are crucial factors for their industrial application. An alumina supported POM catalyst is prepared by using a facile condensation reaction between the trilacunary POM Na12[α‐P2W15O56]⋅24 H2O (P2W15) and the hydroxy groups on the surface of γ‐Al2O3 spheres under acidic conditions. The heterogeneous catalyst P2W15−Al2O3 is characterized by a wide variety of techniques and shows excellent stability and highly efficient reactivity and selectivity for the oxygenation of thioethers to sulfoxides, which are a very useful intermediate in organic synthesis and the industrial preparation of drugs. Furthermore, P2W15−Al2O3 can be recycled and reused at least ten times without any observable loss of its catalytic efficiency, mainly due to the covalent immobilization and high dispersion of P2W15 on the γ‐Al2O3 surface.
Cytopathologic features of NUT midline carcinoma: A series of 26 specimens from 13 patients
Authors: Bishop Justin A. , French Christopher A. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDNUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is an increasingly recognized neoplasm defined by rearrangements of the nuclear protein in testis (NUT) gene (also known as NUTM1). NMC is important to diagnose for prognostic and diagnostic reasons, but to date, only a small case series and rare case reports of the cytopathologic features of NMC have been published.METHODSAll NMC specimens (confirmed by molecular testing and/or NUT immunoreactivity) with cytopathologic material available were identified at 2 academic centers. All smears were reviewed, and the cytologic characteristics were described.RESULTSTwenty‐six cytopathologic specimens of NMC were identified from 13 patients: 8 men and 5 women ranging in age from 16 to 68 years (mean, 35 years). The NMCs arose in the mediastinum (n = 4), sinonasal tract (n = 4), neck (n = 2), lung (n = 1), lung and mediastinum (n = 1), and kidney (n = 1). Cytologic specimens included serous cavity effusions (n = 13), fine‐needle aspirates (n = 9), bronchial brushings (n = 2), bronchial lavage (n = 1), and bronchial washings (n = 1). Ancillary studies were performed on cell blocks for only 6 samples from 4 patients: immunohistochemistry (n = 6) and flow cytometry (n = 1). All 13 NMCs had corresponding surgical pathology material. The NUT rearrangement status was known in 10 cases, and in 3 cases, the diagnosis was established by immunoreactivity for NUT. On cytologic smears, the NMCs were mostly hypercellular with monotonous, small to midsize, primitive‐appearing cells largely distributed singly in a discohesive pattern. The tumor cells had round to oval nuclei that appeared mostly naked and devoid of cytoplasm. The nuclei varied in chromatin density from mostly pale, open chromatin to a hyperchromatic, neuroendocrine‐type appearance, often with focal cell‐to‐cell molding, and most examples had a distinct, small nucleolus.CONCLUSIONSNMC is a recently recognized tumor that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors, especially but not exclusively in the mediastinum and the head and neck. The cytologic features of NMC overlap considerably with those of other neoplasms, and a definitive diagnosis depends on a demonstration of NUT translocation by either immunohistochemical or molecular means. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:901–908. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Thioflavin T: Electronic Circular Dichroism and Circularly Polarized Luminescence Induced by Amyloid Fibrils
Authors: Rybicka Anna , Longhi Giovanna , Castiglioni Ettore , Abbate Sergio , Dzwolak Wojciech , Babenko Viktoria , Pecul Magdalena 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectrum of thioflavin T (ThT) bound to insulin amyloid fibrils has been measured for the first time. It has been found that the samples exhibiting induced circular dichroism (CD) retain the optical activity in the CPL spectra, with the same sign of the rotatory strength. The fluorescence dissymmetry factor is substantial (of the order of magnitude 10−2). Unlike in the corresponding CD and absorption spectra, there is no shift of the CPL band with respect to the fluorescence band. It has been verified that the measured CPL spectra are free from artifacts from circularly polarized scattering of emitted light by conducting additional measurements in a medium with a refractive index similar to insulin (methylsalicylate). The CD and CPL spectra have been interpreted by means of density functional calculations carried out for ThT in its ground and first excited states in different dielectric environments and for ThT interacting with an aromatic ring. It has been found that the presence of an aromatic ring close to the ThT molecule induces Cotton effects of the same order of magnitude as the stabilization of one enantiomeric conformer. Thus, it is expected that both mechanisms contribute to the induced CD and CPL effect to a similar degree.
Discharge Characteristics of Microwave Plasma in Ethanol Solution
Authors: Zhao X. , Sun B. , Zhu X. , Yan Z. , Liu H. , Liu Y. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn apparatus was designed for generating plasma in ethanol solution. The plasma was generated on the top of the electrode by applying microwave radiation of 2.45 GHz. The results showed that ignition power decreased with increasing temperature of ethanol solution. However, ignition power increased with increasing pressure and point electrode radius of curvature. Plasma and bubbles were generated periodically in the same manner. The electron temperature of the plasma increased with increasing power, while it decreased with increasing pressure. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Parametric Study of Nonplanar Dust Acoustic Solitons in Two‐Dimensional Superthermal Dusty Plasmas
Authors: Khan S. , Ata‐ur‐Rahman  , Ali S. , Khalid M. , Khattak N. A. D. , Zeb A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe nonlinear properties of two dimensional low‐frequency electrostatic excitations of charged dust particles (or defects) are studied in a collisionless, unmagnetized dusty plasma. A fully ionized three‐component model plasma consisting of kappa distributed electrons, Maxwellian ions, and negatively charged massive dust grains is considered. In this regard, the well known reductive perturbation technique is used to the hydrodynamical equations and the Poisson equation, obtaining the cylindrical Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (CKP) equation. A parametric investigation indicates that the structural characteristics of these nonlinear excitations (width, amplitude) are significantly affected by the plasma nonthermality as well as by the relevant plasma parameters, such as dust concentration and dust temperature. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exploring cooperation and competition in the Centipede game through verbal protocol analysis
Authors: Krockow Eva M. , Colman Andrew M. , Pulford Briony D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Centipede game is an abstract model of reciprocal relationships in which two individuals alternate in helping each other at relatively small personal cost. Whereas mutual cooperation can benefit both individuals in the long run, a paradoxical but logically compelling backward induction argument suggests that cooperation is irrational. Empirical studies have reported reliable deviations from the non‐cooperative backward induction solution, but their exclusively quantitative methods allow only a limited range of predefined motives to be explored. Our study uses verbal (‘think aloud’) protocols and qualitative data analysis to identify motives for cooperation in the Centipede game. The results provide little evidence for sophisticated backward induction reasoning. Instead, a wide range of motives emerged, their relative saliences varying according to the stage of the game. Activity bias affected decisions mainly at the beginning of the game, whereas cooperative and altruistic social value orientations most frequently accounted for cooperation towards its natural end.
Physicochemical, functional, and nutritional characteristics of stabilized rice bran form tarom cultivar
Authors: Rafe Ali , Sadeghian Alireza , Hoseini‐Yazdi Seyedeh Zohreh 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExtrusion is a multistep thermal process which has been utilized in a wide spectrum of food preparations. The effect of extrusion processing on the physicochemical, nutritional, and functional properties of Tarom cultivar rice bran was studied. However, the color of rice bran was improved by extrusion processing, but the protein content was reduced in the stabilized rice bran, which can be related to the denaturation of protein. Extrusion had also a reduction significant effect on the phytic acid as well as vitamin E in rice bran. However, the content of niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, and folic acid remained unchanged, but the dietary fiber was enhanced which has beneficial health effect on human consumption. In comparison with unstabilized rice bran, water holding capacity was enhanced, but the oil absorption capacity was reduced. Foaming capacity and foaming stability of extruded rice bran was more than that of untreated rice bran, although they were less than that of rice bran protein concentrate/isolate. In general, the extrusion process improves some functional and nutritional properties of rice bran which are valuable to industrial applications and have potential as ingredient in food to improve consumer health.
Shame, Dissociation, and Complex PTSD Symptoms in Traumatized Psychiatric and Control Groups: Direct and Indirect Associations With Relationship Distress
Authors: Dorahy Martin J. , Corry Mary , Black Rebecca , Matheson Laura , Coles Holly , Curran David , Seager Lenaire , Middleton Warwick , Dyer Kevin F. W. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesElevated shame and dissociation are common in dissociative identity disorder (DID) and chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and are part of the constellation of symptoms defined as complex PTSD. Previous work examined the relationship between shame, dissociation, and complex PTSD and whether they are associated with intimate relationship anxiety, relationship depression, and fear of relationships. This study investigated these variables in traumatized clinical samples and a nonclinical community group.MethodParticipants were drawn from the DID (n = 20), conflict‐related chronic PTSD (n = 65), and nonclinical (n = 125) populations and completed questionnaires assessing the variables of interest. A model examining the direct impact of shame and dissociation on relationship functioning, and their indirect effect via complex PTSD symptoms, was tested through path analysis.ResultsThe DID sample reported significantly higher dissociation, shame, complex PTSD symptom severity, relationship anxiety, relationship depression, and fear of relationships than the other two samples. Support was found for the proposed model, with shame directly affecting relationship anxiety and fear of relationships, and pathological dissociation directly affecting relationship anxiety and relationship depression. The indirect effect of shame and dissociation via complex PTSD symptom severity was evident on all relationship variables.ConclusionShame and pathological dissociation are important for not only the effect they have on the development of other complex PTSD symptoms, but also their direct and indirect effects on distress associated with relationships.
Recent developments in detection and enumeration of waterborne bacteria: a retrospective minireview
Authors: Deshmukh Rehan A. , Joshi Kopal , Bhand Sunil , Roy Utpal 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWaterborne diseases have emerged as global health problems and their rapid and sensitive detection in environmental water samples is of great importance. Bacterial identification and enumeration in water samples is significant as it helps to maintain safe drinking water for public consumption. Culture‐based methods are laborious, time‐consuming, and yield false‐positive results, whereas viable but nonculturable (VBNCs) microorganisms cannot be recovered. Hence, numerous methods have been developed for rapid detection and quantification of waterborne pathogenic bacteria in water. These rapid methods can be classified into nucleic acid‐based, immunology‐based, and biosensor‐based detection methods. This review summarizes the principle and current state of rapid methods for the monitoring and detection of waterborne bacterial pathogens. Rapid methods outlined are polymerase chain reaction (PCR), digital droplet PCR, real‐time PCR, multiplex PCR, DNA microarray, Next‐generation sequencing (pyrosequencing, Illumina technology and genomics), and fluorescence in situ hybridization that are categorized as nucleic acid‐based methods. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence are classified into immunology‐based methods. Optical, electrochemical, and mass‐based biosensors are grouped into biosensor‐based methods. Overall, these methods are sensitive, specific, time‐effective, and important in prevention and diagnosis of waterborne bacterial diseases.
Rapsyn congenital myasthenic syndrome worsened by fluoxetine
Authors: Visser Amy C. , Laughlin Ruple S. , Litchy William J. , Benarroch Eduardo E. , Milone Margherita 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and long‐lived open channel blocker of the acetylcholine receptor, often used in the treatment of slow‐channel congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS). Methods: We report a 42‐year‐old woman who had a history of episodic limb weakness that worsened after initiation of fluoxetine for treatment of depression. Genetic testing for CMS revealed a homozygous pathogenic mutation in the rapsyn (RAPSN) gene (p.Asn88Lys). Electrodiagnostic testing was performed before and 1 month after discontinuation of fluoxetine. Results: The 2 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation of the fibular and spinal accessory nerves showed a baseline decrement of 36% and 14%, respectively. One month after discontinuing fluoxetine, the spinal accessory nerve decrement was no longer present, and the decrement in the fibular nerve was improved at 17%. Conclusions: This case demonstrates worsening of both clinical and electrophysiologic findings in a patient with CMS secondary to a RAPSN mutation treated with fluoxetine. Muscle Nerve 55: 131–135, 2017
Posture‐induced changes in peripheral nerve stiffness measured by ultrasound shear‐wave elastography
Authors: Greening Jane , Dilley Andrew 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Peripheral nerves slide and stretch during limb movements. Changes in nerve stiffness associated with such movements have not been examined in detail but may be important in understanding movement‐evoked pain in patients with a variety of different musculoskeletal conditions. Methods: Shear‐wave elastography was used to examine stiffness in the median and tibial nerves of healthy individuals during postures used clinically to stretch these nerves. Results: Shear‐wave velocity increased when limbs were moved into postures that are thought to increase nerve stiffness (mean increase: median nerve = 208% in arm, 236% in forearm; tibial nerve = 136%). There was a trend toward a negative correlation between age and shear‐wave velocity (r = 0.58 for tibial nerve). Conclusions: Shear‐wave elastography provides a tool for examining nerve biomechanics in healthy individuals and patients. However, limb position, age, and effects of nerve tension on neural architecture should be taken into consideration. Muscle Nerve 55: 213–222, 2017
A Statistical Model for Managing Water Temperature in Streams with Anthropogenic Influences
Authors: McGrath E. O. , Neumann N. N. , Nichol C. F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractStreams in the Pacific Northwest (Oregon, Washington, British Columbia) face rising summer temperatures and increasing anthropogenic influence, with consequences for fish populations. Guidance is needed in small managed watersheds for setting reservoir release rates or for the restriction of water extractions to meet the needs of fish and aquatic ecosystems. Existing environmental flow methods focus on discharge rates and do not typically consider water temperatures, and detailed thermal models are too complex for widespread implementation. We used multiple logistic regression to develop statistical models for estimating the probability of exceeding a salmonid stream temperature threshold of 22 °C as a function of discharge and maximum daily air temperatures. Data required are air temperature, stream temperature and stream discharge over a minimum of one summer. The models are used to make minimum discharge recommendations under varying forecast weather conditions. The method was applied to nine streams in the Pacific Northwest. Minimum recommended discharge generally ranged from 23% to 86% of mean annual discharge and was higher than observed low flows in most streams. Comparison of the new method to existing methods for Fortune Creek in British Columbia indicated that total season discharge volumes could be reduced while meeting thermal requirements. For other streams, it was evident that high water temperatures cannot be managed by increasing discharge, as the discharge required would be greater than natural discharge and higher than achievable by management. The statistical method described in this paper allows for a risk‐based approach to discharge management for fish habitat needs.
Epidemiologie Studies of an Outbreak of Nosocomial Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusInfections
Authors: Boyce John M. , Landry Martha , Deetz Thomas R. , DuPont Herbert L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn a six-month period in 1978 61 patients at a university hospital became colonized or infected with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Ninety-three percent of patients with MRSA were on surgical services. Patients with burns acquired MRSA more frequently than did other acutely ill surgical patients (p < .001), and often remained colonized for 30 days or more. The interval between admission and acquisition ofS. aureus, number of antibiotics received, duration of antibiotic therapy before becoming colonized, and cost of hospitalization, were significantly greater in patients with MRSA infection than in matched controls with nosocomial methicillin-sensitiveS. aureusinfections. Acquisition of MRSA was epidemiologically associated with exposure to certain hospital personnel. Fourteen (6%) of 220 personnel exposed to MRSA patients harbored MRSA intranasally. Three of 14 colonized personnel carried MRSA intermittently for three or more months. Appropriate control measures failed to terminate the outbreak.
Mixed Amphetamine Salts Extended-Release in the Treatment of Adult ADHD:A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Weisler Richard H. , Biederman Joseph , Spencer Thomas J. , Wilens Timothy E. , Faraone Stephen V. , Chrisman Allan K. , Read Stephanie C. , Tulloch Simon J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a serious neurobehavioral disorder of childhood onset that often persists into adolescence and adulthood. Functional impairments, underachievement, and difficult interpersonal relationships illustrate the need for effective treatment of ADHD through adulthood.Method:This prospective, multisite, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-escalation study was conducted to assess the efficacy, safety, and duration of action of mixed amphetamine salts extended-release (MAS XR) in adults with ADHD, combined type. Adults ≥ 18 years of age were given placebo or MAS XR 20, 40, or 60 mg/day for 4 weeks. The main outcome measures were the ADHD Rating Scale and Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale Short Version Self-Report (CAARS-S-S).Results:Two hundred fifty-five subjects were randomly assigned to treatment with MAS XR or placebo. MAS XR treatment was associated with statistically and clinically significant ADHD symptom reduction at endpoint; mean ADHD Rating Scale scores were 18.5 for the 20-mg group (P=.001), 18.4 for the 40-mg group (P<.001), and 18.5 for the 60-mg group (P<.001). Adults with severe symptoms (ADHD Rating Scale score ≥32 at baseline) had significantly greater symptom reduction with the highest MAS XR dose (60 mg/day), however, this dose-response relationship was determined by post-hoc analysis. The mean MAS XR effect size was 0.8. Statistically significant (P<.05) improvements in CAARS-S-S ADHD index scores occurred at 4- and 12-hours postdose for all MAS XR groups, indicating a 12-hour duration of effect. Symptoms improved within the first treatment week. Most adverse events reported were mild or moderate in intensity, arid the most commonly reported adverse events were consistent with the known profile of stimulant medications. Vital signs and electrocardiograms showed no clinically significant cardiovascular changes.Conclusion:These results suggest that MAS XR is safe and effective in adults with ADHD and controlled ADHD symptoms for up to 12 hours.