bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Nonlinear Drying above the Boundary Layer in the Mid-Holocene African Monsoon
Authors: Dixit Vishal , Sherwood Steven , Geoffroy Olivier , Mantsis Damianos 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Paleoclimatic proxies indicate that significant summertime rainfall reached the Sahara region during the mid-Holocene, presumably in response to stronger summertime heating in the Northern Hemisphere. Climate models generally do not replicate the enhanced precipitation. As a step toward understanding the response and possible role of model errors, a series of idealized experiments were conducted with the Community Earth System Model in which local atmospheric heat sources of increasing magnitude were applied in the boundary layer over the Sahel and Sahara. In response to this local heating, the cold and moist southwesterly monsoon inflow encroaches farther northward. A source strength of roughly 1 K day−1 produces responses similar to those in a simulation with mid-Holocene orbital forcing imposed globally, while that of 1.5 K day−1 produces a precipitation response similar to that from paleoproxies. The precipitation increases nonlinearly, with a jump at heating of around 1 K day−1, even though the low-level monsoon inflow increases linearly. Competition at low-to-middle levels between drying by a shallow return flow just above the boundary layer and moistening by vertical advection within the layer affects convection and determines the northward extension of precipitation. When the heating becomes 1.5 K day−1, the boundary layer flow encroaches sufficiently northward to weaken the shallow return flow, further aiding precipitation. This novel nonlinear mechanism operates without biogeophysical feedbacks, and suggests that poor representation of the local thermodynamic processes may hamper a model’s ability to simulate dynamical feedbacks and hence the strength and poleward extension of monsoon rains under forcings like those during the mid-Holocene.
Male factor infertility and risk of multiple sclerosis: A register-based cohort study
Authors: Glazer Clara Helene , Tøttenborg Sandra Søgaard , Giwercman Aleksander , Bräuner Elvira Vaclavik , Eisenberg Michael L , Vassard Ditte , Magyari Melinda , Pinborg Anja , Schmidt Lone , Bonde Jens Peter 
Published: October 2017

Background: Gender, possibly due to the influence of gonadal hormones, is presumed to play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but no studies have evaluated whether male infertility is associated with MS. Objective: To study the association between male factor infertility and prevalent as well as incident MS. Method: Our cohort was established by linkage of the Danish National in vitro fertilization (IVF) registry to The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry and consisted of 51,063 men whose partners had undergone fertility treatment in all public and private fertility clinics in Denmark between 1994 and 2015. Results: With a median age of 34 years at baseline, 24,011 men were diagnosed with male factor infertility and 27,052 did not have male factor infertility and made up the reference group. Men diagnosed with male factor infertility had a higher risk of prevalent (odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.04–2.51) and incident MS (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.28, 95% CI 0.76–2.17) when compared to the reference group. Conclusion: This nationwide cohort study has shown, for the first time, an association between male infertility and MS which may be due to underlying common etiologies such as hypogonadism, shared genetics, or a joint autoimmune component.
Nerve Blocks in the Geriatric Patient With Hip Fracture: A Review of the Current Literature and Relevant Neuroanatomy
Authors: Amin Nirav H. , West Jacob A. , Farmer Travis , Basmajian Hrayr G. 
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Hip fracture is a common occurrence in the elderly population with high morbidity and mortality due to postoperative pain and opioid use. The goal of this article is to review the current literature on the neuroanatomy of the hip and the use of localized nerve block in controlling hip fracture pain. Methods: A thorough search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted using the search terms “hip fracture” and “fascia iliaca block (FICB).” An additional search was conducted utilizing multiple search terms including “hip fracture,” “greater trochanter,” “femur,” “hip,” “anatomy,” “neuroanatomical,” and “anatomic.” Each search result was investigated for cadaveric studies on the innervation of the trochanteric region. Results: Twenty-five clinical studies examining the use of FICBs in hip fracture patients were identified. These studies show that FICB is safe and effective in controlling perioperative pain. Additionally, FICB has been shown to decrease opioid requirement and opioid-related side effects. Neuroanatomical studies show that the hip capsule is innervated by contributions from the femoral, obturator, sciatic, and superior gluteal nerves. Imaging studies suggest that FICB anesthetizes these branches through localized spread along the fascia iliaca plane. Cadaveric evidence suggests that the greater trochanter region is directly innervated by a single branch from the femoral nerve. Discussion: The proven efficacy of nerve blocks and their anatomic basis is encouraging to both the anesthesiologist and orthopedic surgeon. Their routine use in the hip fracture setting may improve patient outcomes, given the unacceptably high morbidity and mortality associated with opioid use. Conclusions: Localized nerve blocks, specifically FICB, have been shown to be safe and effective in managing acute hip fracture pain in geriatric patients, leading to decreased opioid use. Knowledge of the hip neuroanatomy may help guide future development of hip fracture pain blockade.
Cancrinite–vishnevite solid solution from Cinder Lake (Manitoba, Canada): crystal chemistry and implications for alkaline igneous rocks
Authors: Martins Tânia , Kressall Ryan , Medici Luca , Chakhmouradian Anton R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a microbeam (electron microprobe, Raman spectroscopic and X-ray microdiffraction) study of cancrinite-group minerals of relevance to alkaline igneous rocks. A solid solution is known to exist between cancrinite and vishnevite with the principal substitutions being CO32- by SO42- and Ca for Na. In the present study, several intermediate members of the cancrinite–vishnevite series from a syenitic intrusion at Cinder Lake (Manitoba, Canada), were used to examine how chemical variations in this series affect their spectroscopic and structural characteristics. The Cinder Lake samples deviate from the ideal cancrinite-vishnevite binary owing to the presence of cation vacancies. The only substituent elements detectable by electron microprobe are K, Sr and Fe (0.03-0.70, 0-0.85 and 0-0.45 wt.% respective oxides). The following Raman bands are present in the spectra of these minerals: ∼631 cm-1 and ∼984-986 cm-1 [SO42- vibration modes]; ∼720-774 cm -1 and ∼1045-1060 cm -1 [CO32- vibration modes]; and ∼3540 cm -1 and 3591 cm -1 [H2O vibration modes]. Our study shows a clear relationship between the chemical composition and Raman characteristics of intermediate members of the cancrinite-vishnevite series, especially with regard to stretching modes of the CO32- and SO42- anions. From cancrinite-poor (Ccn65) to cancrinite-dominant (Ccn913) compositions, the SO42- vibration modes disappear from the Raman spectrum, giving way to CO32- modes. X-ray microdiffraction results show a decrease in unit-cell parameters towards cancrinite-dominant compositions: a = 12.664 (1) Å, c = 5.173(1) Å for vishnevite (Ccn22); a = 12.613 (1) Å, c = 5.132(1) Å for cancrinite (Ccn71). Our results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy and X-ray microdiffraction are effective for in situ identification of microscopic grains of cancrinite-vishnevite where other methods (e.g. infrared spectroscopy) are inapplicable. The petrogenetic implications of cancrinite-vishnevite relations for tracing early- to late-stage evolution of alkaline magmas are discussed.
The Descrittione dell’India occidentale, a Sixteenth-Century Source on the Italian Reception of Mesoamerican Material Culture
Authors: Domenici Davide 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThis article discusses the Descrittione dell’India occidentale, a neglected Italian sixteenth-century anonymous and undated text that describes a set of Mesoamerican artifacts brought from Mexico to Italy by an anonymous priest. The text contains data on Mesoamerican material culture, on its Italian reception, and on its contribution to the formation of an early modern corpus of ethnographic knowledge. Herein I provide an analysis of the text, revealing its connections to other sixteenth-century texts and proposing hypotheses on its date and place of publication as well as on the identity of the author and of the priest whose arrival in Italy is the subject of the text. In the concluding section, I discuss some research lines that can be tackled on the basis of the Descrittione dell’India occidentale.
Comparison of school based and supplemental vaccination strategies in the delivery of vaccines to 5-19 year olds in Africa - a systematic review
Authors: Haddison Eposi C. , Abdullahi Leila H. , Muloiwa Rudzani , Hussey Gregory D. , Kagina Benjamin M. 
Published: October 2017

Background: Some vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) still remain a public health burden in many African countries. The occurrence of VPDs in all age groups has led to the realization of the need to extend routine immunisation services to school age children, adolescents and adults. Supplemental immunisation activities (SIAs) and school based vaccinations (SBVs) are common strategies used to complement the expanded programme on immunisation (EPI). This review aimed to assess the effectiveness of SIAs compared to SBVs in the administration of vaccines to 5-19 year olds in Africa. Methods: Systematic review methods were used to address our study aim. Several electronic databases were searched up to March 30, 2017 for primary studies investigating the delivery of vaccines via SIAs or SBVs to 5-19 year olds. This search was complemented by browsing reference lists of potential studies obtained from search outputs. Outcomes considered for inclusion were: vaccination coverage, costs of the strategy or its effect on routine immunisation services. Results: Out of the 4938 studies identified, 31 studies met the review inclusion criteria. Both SIAs and SBVs showed high vaccination coverage. However, the SIAs reported higher coverage than SBVs: 91% (95% CI: 84%, 98%) versus 75% (95% CI: 67%, 83%). In most settings, SBVs were reported to be more expensive than SIAs. The SIAs were found to negatively affect routine immunisation services. Conclusions: Both SIAs and SBVs are routinely used to complement the EPI in the delivery of vaccines in Africa. In settings where school enrolment is suboptimal, as is the case in many African countries, our results show SIAs may be more effective in reaching school age children and adolescents than SBVs. Our results re-iterate the importance of evaluating systematic evidence to best inform African authorities on the optimal vaccine delivery strategies targeting school age children and adolescents.
The role of alcoholic extract of Zataria multiflora Boiss in controlling opium withdrawal symptoms: a randomized, double-blind study
Authors: Sayyah Mehdi , Siahpoush Alireza , Rahim Fakher 
Published: October 2017

Aim of the studyThe effect of the alcoholic extract of Zataria multiflora Boiss in controlling the symptoms of opium withdrawal compared to methadone was studied.Subject or material and methodsIn a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, alcoholic extract of Zataria multiflora Boiss and methadone were given to 40 patients and withdrawal symptoms in the days of 0,2,7,11 and 15 was evaluated by the CINA scale.ResultsWithdrawal symptoms were controlled in both study groups and these symptoms were tolerated when reducing the methadone dose in the theme group.DiscussionHerbs have been used to treat various diseases, especially chronic and treatment-resistant diseases in countries with a long and traditional culture. Thus, if this is done in no systematic and structured manner, it can be problematic for patients and health systems.ConclusionsAlcoholic extract of Zataria multiflora Boiss can be used as an effective agent in controlling the symptoms of opium withdrawal that need to be considered in future studies.
Minority stress among homosexual and bisexual individuals – from theoretical concepts to research tools: The Sexual Minority Stress Scale
Authors: Iniewicz Grzegorz , Sałapa Kinga , Wrona Małgorzata , Marek Natalia 
Published: October 2017

Aim of the studyMinority stress is a relatively new concept which has emerged from the earlier concept of stress. It’s popularity among researchers who are interested in minority groups is increasing. Minority stress refers to the consequences of the stigma, rejection, and violence of the majority of society as experienced by the minority. The concept can be operationalised in different ways. The first is via a questionnaire, an example of which is presented in the current article: the Sexual Minority Stress Scale (SMSS). It refers to a clearly defined concept of minority stress, and uses some indicators to of stressSubject or material and methodsThis research tool was translated and adapted to fit the Polish case. This paper presents the results of statistical analysis based on answers of 206 individuals describing themselves as homosexual and 62 describing themselves as bisexual.ResultsHigh psychometric results of the questionnaire were obtained.DiscussionHigh psychometric results of the questionnaire indicate that the SMSS can be used in research on minority stress in bisexual and homosexual individuals.ConclusionsHowever, further research is required to verify its usefulness in the clinical setting as a screening tool to diagnose those who may be at risk from high levels of minority stress.
When We Partner with Teachers: Educators as (Co-)Designers
Authors: Dias Laurie , Glazewski Krista 
Published: October 2017

In this special issue, we asked a broad question: what do our designs look like when we partner with teachers? More specifically, we began by acknowledging the fact that our design decisions - the “what has gone into this effort?” - are not always visible in our research publications. The result is a diverse collection of contributing teachers, teacher educators, and educational researchers. This is the first of two special issues focusing on partnership implementations of instructional designs intended for K-12 classrooms. From an open call for proposals, we invited manuscripts that represented different design approaches, contexts, and products, and gave special attention to those authored or co-authored by teachers. After several rounds of peer review, seven manuscripts were selected for the first issue. In this issue, we have brought together a collection of design cases that reflect a range of science instruction resulting from designing new or re-designing existing curricula to creating web-based virtual rainforest journeys to digital physics games. The authors document details of their design thinking, priorities, and influencers. They discuss implementation considerations and confront tensions that existed between their design ideas and the needs of the learners who would use their instructional products in contexts where resources and constraints cannot always easily be known in advance.
Designing and Developing an App for a Mixed Methods Research Design Approach
Authors: Luo Shuhong , Creswell John W. 
Published: October 2017

We present the story of how we designed and developed an application that provides expert consultation in mixed methods research—the Mixed Methods Research Design App. We provide a description of the key design decisions, the design failures, the related revisions made during the process of designing the app, and the contribution to the design knowledge. We used methodologies consistent with the design and development of an expert system, modified for areas specific to an app, such as user interface design. Being user-centered was the main rationale for our major design decisions. The app has three main sections that help users understand and use domain knowledge in their research project. One design failure was that users felt the app looked overwhelmed. The follow-up refinements included adding more pages to simplify the visual impression of each page, changing the overall navigation structure, and adding more contents to engage users. We conclude that the factors that influenced our design decisions are the end users’ experience, domain expert’s opinion, technology resources, domain knowledge representation, and general interface design principles.
Tadeusz Stefan Kurkiewicz (1885-1962) – His Important Contribution to Contemporary Cardiology
Authors: Malendowicz Ludwik K. , Łukaszyk Andrzej 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Tadeusz Stefan Kurkiewicz (1885-1962) belongs to the well-known Polish histologists and embryologists. His scientific activity started in the Department of Biology and Embryology of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, which was chaired by professor Emil Godlewski (1875-1944), famous Polish embryologist. Between years 1908-1911, under supervision of the pioneer of the Polish histology, professor Stanisław Maziarski (1873-1959) T. Kurkiewicz continued researches in the Department of Histology of the Jagiellonian University. In 1909 he published results of studies on the development of cardiac muscle in the chick and on the basis of this publication on July 21, 1911 Tadeusz Kurkiewicz received Ph.D. from the Jagiellonian University. Between 1922 and 1959 (with the exception of the period of German occupation) Tadeusz Kurkiewicz was the head of the Department of Histology and Embryology of the Faculty of Medicine of the Poznań University and Academy of Medicine in Poznań (at present: Poznań University of Medical Sciences). His Ph.D. thesis demonstrated that the epicardium originates from pericardial villi, it means from extracardiac source. This great scientific achievement has been confirmed by recent studies. In this article we present curriculum of Tadeusz Kurkiewicz and impact of his discovery on contemporary cardiology.
The blood vessels development, morphogenesis and blood circulation are three ontologic groups highly up-regulated in porcine oocytes before in vitro maturation
Authors: Nawrocki Mariusz J. , Celichowski Piotr , Budna Joanna , Bryja Artur , Kranc Wiesława , Ciesiółka Sylwia , Borys Sylwia , Knap Sandra , Jeseta Michal , Khozmi Ronza , Bukowska Dorota , Antosik Paweł , Brüssow Klaus P. , Bruska Małgorzata , Nowicki Michał , Zabel Maciej , Kempisty Bartosz 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe mammalian oocytes undergo significant biochemical and structural modifications during maturation both in vitro and in vivo. These changes involve chromatin reorganization and modification within metabolic status of cytoplasmic organelles. After oocytes’ successful maturation the substantially increased storage of RNA was observed. Moreover, the early embryo interaction with maternal endometrial tissue after fertilization is up to now considered as the main marker of proper embryo implantation and early growth. In this study, we first investigated the expression profile of genes involved in blood vessel formation and blood circulation in porcine oocytes before and after in vitro maturation.The cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from pubertal Landrace gilts and classified as before in vitro maturation (in Vivo) or after in vitro maturation (in Vitro). The RNA was isolated from these two experimental groups and analyzed using Affymetrix microarrays.We found an increased expression of genes involved in ontological groups such as “blood circulation” (TPM1, ECE1, ACTA2, EPHX2, EDNRA, NPR2, MYOF, TACR3, VEGFA, GUCY1B3), “blood vessel development” (ANGPTL4, CYR61, SEMA5A, ID1, RHOB, RTN4, IHH, ANGPT2, EDNRA, TGFBR3, MYO1E, MMP14), and “blood vessels morphogenesis” (ANGPT2, as well as other common transcripts) in in Vivo group as compared to decreased expression of these genes in in Vitro group of oocytes.It has been suggested that investigated genes undergo significant expression before in vitro maturation, when enhanced storage of large amount of RNA takes place. Creating templates for synthesis of proteins is required for formation of fully mature gametes and early embryo growth. Therefore we hypothesized that the processes of vascularization and/or angiogenesis reach a high activity in immature oocytes and are distinct from achievement of maturational stage by oocytes in pigs.
英语母语者汉语双数量结构的习得
Authors: 旭东 芮 , 杨 赵 
Published: October 2017

提要汉语双数量结构的表达式为 “数量短语 A+V+数量短语 B”（如 “十个人吃一锅饭”）。这一结构有两个句法特征：一是动词在语境中可以省略；二是部分双数量结构的数量短语可以易位，且有着制约易位实现的特殊因素。英语中也有双数量结构，其形态与汉语有所不同（英语中为 “动词+数量短语 A+数量短语 B” 或 “动词+数量短语 A+介词+数量短语 B”），且不具备汉语这一结构的两个句法特征。本文采用可接受性判断测试和组句测试，主要通过 “物量短语+V+物量短语” 和 “时量短语+V+动量短语” 这两类结构，考察英语母语者对汉语双数量结构句法特征的习得情况。结果显示，中级水平的学习者已经意识到双数量结构的句法特征，但直到高级阶段仍未达到汉语母语者水平。经过分析，一语负迁移和对结构中动词掌握的不充分，导致了以上结果。
韩国学生汉语中介语的平均句长与句长分布发展
Authors: 黄 自然 
Published: October 2017

提要本文分别以“字”、“词”为单位统计了100万字韩国学生汉语中介语的平均句长和句长分布发展情况，并与目标语（本族语者语料）、教学输入语言（教材语料）使用情况进行了对比。研究发现，初、中、高三级汉语水平的韩国学生中介语平均句长分别为8.94字/5.97词、10.07字/6.57词和10.87字/7.08词，中介语平均句长的发展经历了一个从初级到高级逐步上升并不断靠近目标语水平的过程。在句长分布上，中介语、目标语和教学输入语言均呈“长尾”分布态势，且最高峰分布区间一致，两者的差异主要表现在中介语句长分布范围小于本族语者语料和教材语料，短句、长句均发展不足，中介语句长的发展还表现出不受教学输入语言制约的特点。
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons removal from produced water by electrochemical process optimization
Authors: Yaqub Asim , Isa Mohamed Hasnain , Ajab Huma , Kutty Shamsul Rahman , Ezechi Ezerie H. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Produced water is actually the wastewater separated from petroleum crude oil. Electrochemical-oxidation experiments was conducted for degradation of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using DSA type Ti/IrO2 anode. Laboratory scale batch reactor was used for degradation studies. To get the maximum PAHs removal electrochemical process optimized on three independent variable current density, pH and electrolysis time. The response surface modelling (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design was applied to get appropriate experimental design. X
1, X
2 and X
3 are the coded factors of independent variables such as the current density, pH and electrolysis time, respectively. Maximum removal was 95.29% at optimized conditions such as current density of 9 mA/cm2, pH 3 and electrolysis time 3.7 h. Quadratic model was suggested best fit model. The results of the Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) for PAHs demonstrated that the model was highly significant.
Prevalence of Claw Diseases in Dairy Cows with Different Body Condition
Authors: Mudroň P. , Höskuldsson T. , Mihajlovičová X. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between body condition and claw diseases in dairy cows. The data used in this study were obtained during two sessions of routine orthopaedic treatment and hoof trimming on a dairy farm in Eastern Slovakia. In the spring and autumn terms, 482 dairy cows were examined for claw diseases and their body conditions were recorded. Out of the 482 dairy cows, 56 % were affected by one or more claw diseases in one or more legs. Digital dermatitis and sole ulcers were the most often detected claw diseases found in this study. The dairy cows with a low body condition score (BCS < 3) showed a higher prevalence of claw diseases (P < 0.05) than the cows with a body condition score greater than 3. However, this difference could not be found when infectious diseases of the claws (digital dermatitis, foot rot, and interdigital dermatitis) were analysed. The results of this study allowed us to conclude that the dairy cows with a lower grade of body condition suffered more from non-infectious claw diseases (sole ulcer, white line diseases).