bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DGAG: A Novel Approach That Detects Green Areas With Geolocation From Large‐Scale Satellite Imaging Instance Segmentation and GIS Application
Authors: Taşyürek Murat , Kılıçkaya Fatma Nur , Öztürk Celal 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAdvancements in space exploration and computing have accelerated progress in remote sensing studies, where imaging satellites capture extensive datasets globally, particularly in identifying green areas on agricultural lands essential for monitoring natural resources, promoting sustainable agriculture, and mitigating climate change. Large‐volume satellite images from 2020 were obtained from https://tile.kayseri.bel.tr/tilecache/Cache/2020UYDU3857/z/x/y.jpeg. The images are stored on the server address of Kayseri Metropolitan Municipality. Traditional techniques struggle with classifying big data from these satellite views, necessitating innovative approaches like DGAG (Detect Green Areas with Geolocation), a novel method that combines interdisciplinary techniques to detect and geographically delineate green areas on agricultural lands globally. DGAG utilizes map‐based open‐source software to convert large‐scale satellite views into processable images with spatial information, employing segmentation‐based deep learning techniques such as You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5) and Mask Region‐based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R‐CNN) to extract green areas and determine pixel boundaries. The pixel borders are then transformed into spatial polygon data, providing hectare‐level spatial information. Testing on actual satellite views of Kayseri province yielded promising results, with DGAG YOLOv5 and Mask R‐CNN achieving F1 scores of 0.917 and 0.922, respectively. Notably, DGAG Mask R‐CNN outperformed YOLOv5 by detecting 834626.42 square meters more green area. In terms of runtime, DGAG Mask R‐CNN detected green areas in approximately 0.031 s, while DGAG YOLOv5 operated roughly twice as fast, detecting green areas in about 0.015 s.
New strategies to classify canine pleural effusions and the diagnostic value of acute phase proteins, amylase, and adenosine deaminase in pleural exudates
Authors: Zoia A. , Morini L. , Mazzei A. , Talavera Lopez J. , Pardo‐Marín L. , Cerón J. J. , Tecles F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn dogs, simplified Light's criteria can discriminate transudates from exudates. Other tests used in human medicine are pleural effusion cholesterol (CHOLPE) and butyrylcholinesterase [BChEPE], the pleural effusion/serum ratio of these analytes (CHOLratio and BChEratio), and the serum albumin minus pleural effusion albumin gradient (SEAG).ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracies of different biomarkers in dogs with pleural effusion in differentiating exudates from transudates. Secondarily, we evaluated the potential diagnostic utility of pleural effusion acute phase proteins, amylase, and adenosine deaminase in discriminating causes of exudative effusions.MethodsCross‐sectional study including 68 client‐owned dogs with pleural effusion.ResultsThere were 48 exudates (10 septic, 16 neoplastic, 9 hemorrhagic, and 13 classified as other exudates) and 20 transudates. All the variables analyzed, except SEAG, were significantly different between exudates and transudates. Using the cut‐off values adopted in human literature, accuracies for CHOLPE, CHOLratio, BChEPE, and BChEratio were between 82.35% and 85.29%; all values were significantly lower compared with the previously published simplified Light's criteria accuracy (i.e., 98%, p < .001 for all comparisons). We found the accuracy of the simplified Light's criteria to be similar to what has been previously reported (95.59%, p = .238). Paraoxonase–1 (PON–1PE) activity and the pleural effusion/serum paraoxonase‐1 ratio (PON–1ratio) were significantly lower in exudative neoplastic effusions than in exudative hemorrhagic (p = .004 and p = .001) and septic (p = .004 and p < .001) effusions.ConclusionSimplified Light's criteria were the best method for discriminating transudates from exudates, and a low PON–1PE activity and PON–1ratio in exudative effusions may suggest an underlying neoplasia.
An Aerodynamic Investigation of a High-Pressure Turbine Using Rotor Casing Static Pressure Measurements at Engine Representative Conditions With Different Tip Designs, Tip Gaps, and Inlet Temperature Profiles
Authors: Singh Deepanshu , Beard Paul F. , Cardwell David , Staelens Vianney , Bahulekar Pratik , Stokes Mark , Bather Simon , Chana Kam S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A rotating high-pressure (HP) turbine, in modern aircraft engines, is subjected to high cyclic thermal and mechanical loads. Shroudless turbines experience high heat loads on the rotor tip and casing, which makes them one of the life-limiting components of an engine. If the rotor tip starts to erode, then the tip clearance increases, which increases the over-tip leakage flow, resulting in reduced stage efficiency and ultimately, the engine lifetime. Since the 1970s, extensive research has been undertaken to understand the over-tip leakage flow and develop mitigation strategies such as novel tip designs, to minimize the losses and heat load. However, the majority of the present findings are based on linear cascade or low-speed rotational studies, due to the high cost of the experiments and difficulty in instrumentation at engine conditions. Recent studies (mostly numerical) have shown the importance of testing at engine-representative conditions, specifically targeting the transonic tip flow in a high-speed rotational environment, which is essential for an accurate understanding. The Oxford Turbine Research Facility (OTRF) is a high-speed rotating transient test facility that allows unsteady aerodynamics and heat transfer measurements, at engine representative conditions. This article presents an experimental investigation of the HP turbine rotor casing aerodynamics, performed in the OTRF. Steady and unsteady casing static pressure measurements were acquired, using pneumatic lines and high-frequency response (∼100 kHz) Kulite pressure transducers, respectively. The single-stage HP turbine consisted of cooled vanes (featuring film and trailing-edge slot cooling) and uncooled rotor blades. Three different tip designs (two squealers and one flat) were tested, at two tip gaps, and with two inlet temperature profiles that included a spatially uniform total temperature profile and an engine-representative HP turbine inlet total temperature profile. In parallel, a numerical investigation of the experimental test cases is presented using unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions. The experimental results from this study provide a unique dataset to validate numerical models.
Analysis of Force Distribution and Motion Characteristic of Hybrid-Driven Tensegrity Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Zhu Wei , Zhou Xiaoyu , Zhu Yongjing , Ma Zhilong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tensegrity parallel mechanisms is a novel spatial structure composed of cable-based and rigid-based chains, which is characterized by lightweight, multi-stability, high precision, good stiffness, and high load-bearing capacity. This paper focuses on the six-degree-of-freedom tensegrity parallel mechanism, analyzing its static equilibrium and presenting the force equilibrium equations. A model for cable tension distribution optimization is established, utilizing different P-norm objective functions to optimize the distribution of tension in cables and rigid links, discussing the reasons for unreasonable tensions in the system. Under given constraints on the motion pairs of the mechanism, the workspace of the mechanism is plotted, and factors influencing the size of the workspace are analyzed. Finally, the singularity of the mechanism is addressed based on the Jacobian matrix, demonstrating the feasibility of reaching the space volume by the mechanism. It has certain reference significance for the configuration theory and analysis methods of tensegrity parallel mechanisms and rigid-flexible coupling mechanisms, and provides a reference for the further promotion and application of mechanisms.
Designing Multi-axis Compliant Mechanisms With Lockable Decoupled Inputs: A Tip–Tilt Case Study
Authors: Vazzoler Greta , Shimohara Sam , Berselli Giovanni , Hopkins Jonathan B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This research is about designing multi-degree-of-freedom (multi-DOF) compliant mechanisms with decoupled inputs that can be independently locked/unlocked using bistable switches to achieve different combinations of DOFs. A case study mechanism achieving two decoupled rotational DOFs (tip and tilt) is designed, fabricated, and characterized. It can be triggered using two pairs of bistable switches, achieving drastically different states of torsional stiffness for each DOF in four sets of DOF combinations—no DOFs, a tip DOF, a tilt DOF, and both tip and tilt DOFs. Bistability and stiffness cancelation principles are exploited to achieve the desired changes in stiffness. Two flexure elements can be identified—the switch providing a negative stiffness and the cross-axis-flexural-pivot (CAFP) producing a positive stiffness. The mechanism is tuned to achieve static balancing, reaching a near-zero stiffness over much of its range. The pseudo-rigid body model and two-dimensional (2D) finite element model (FEM) are combined defining a fast method to dimension the system. The 3D FEM is simulated to validate the obtained results. For each DOF, the system is tested in two configurations (stiff and compliant) for three cycles over a ±10 deg rotation, achieving a stiffness reduction of around 99%. Comparable stiffness values were measured after triggering the switches more than once, repetitively reaching the required two states of stiffness, confirming the system's usability in practical applications. The positive stiffness provided by the CAFP is measured and compared to the device's overall stiffness, highlighting the stiffness cancelation concept.
Environmental Assessment of Centralized and Decentralized Scenarios of Green Hydrogen Implementation in the Transportation Sector
Authors: Cortez Luis D. , Tapia-Bastidas C. V. , Helguero Carlos G. , Maldonado Fausto A. , Alava Eduardo , Hidalgo-Crespo José , Amaya-Rivas Jorge L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As the transportation sector progresses towards achieving net-zero emissions, Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) have taken the lead in the decarbonization process. Nonetheless, these vehicles face challenges to fully replacing conventional transport modes, such as limited range and extended charging times. Moreover, there are Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions linked to electricity used to charge them, due to the non-renewable sources present in the local grid of every country. Green Hydrogen, recognized as a clean energy carrier, emerges as a pivotal solution to decrease these emissions, facilitating electricity or heat generation while producing zero GHG emissions. In this study, the viability of using green Hydrogen, particularly in conjunction with Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FC-PHEVs) offering enhanced range and faster refueling compared to conventional BEVs, is evaluated to achieve net-zero emissions. Cradle-to-grave life cycle models for Hydrogen implementation in Centralized and Decentralized scenarios are developed to assess its environmental impacts for further comparison with a BEV scenario. The results indicate that the Decentralized scenario is less polluting due to a notable portion of GHG emissions associated with Hydrogen transportation. However Centralized scenario requires less electrical consumption. Finally, BEVs produce higher emissions because of their low range and the electricity origin.
Investigation of Liquid Film Behavior on the Surface of an Airfoil in a High-Speed Flow and Subsequent Atomization From the Trailing Edge - Effect of Airfoil Shape
Authors: Safiullah  , Esquivias Brandon , Hickey Brendan , McDonell Vincent , Tabata Soichiro , Senoo Shigeki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The breakup of liquid films in high-speed flows is found in many applications. These include pre-filming air-blast atomization found in fuel injectors and shedding from airfoils. In this work, the effect of airfoil shape on the liquid film flow on the surface and subsequent atomization from the trailing edge of the airfoil is investigated. Specifically, a symmetric airfoil (NACA0012) and an asymmetric airfoil (NACA2312) are studied and are placed in a high-speed flow of air at velocities up to 175 m/s. Water was introduced onto one side of each airfoil via 26 0.5 mm diameter holes spaced 1 mm apart. These holes are positioned 35 mm downstream from the leading edge and 65 mm upstream from the trailing edge. Water flow rates between 1.4cm2/s and 2.6cm2/s are used. Liquid film behavior is characterized by 1) point measurements of dynamic liquid film thickness using a confocal arrangement of laser induced fluorescence and 2) high-speed video to visualize liquid accumulation and measure ligament breakup length at the trailing edge. Laser diffraction is used to measure line of sight average droplet sizes. Finally, Phase Doppler interferometry is used to measure spatially and temporally resolved droplet size and velocity in the pitchwise direction at 70mm downstream trailing edge distance. The film thickness formed on the suction surface of NACA2312 is thicker than on the pressure surface and on NACA0012 which is attributed to larger adverse pressure gradientand thicker air boundary layer. Ligament lengths are almost identical for films on either surface of the NACA2312 vane. This confirms that the trailing edge vortices have minute influence on the atomization at an immediate distance from the trailing edge. Phase Doppler results indicate that the spray produced from the suction side of NACA2312 and NACA0012 airfoils are symmetric about the center of the vane while introducing water from the pressure surface of NACA2312 shifts the spray 3 mm on the same side. This is confirmed from the droplet size distribution specifically at higher velocities. This is consistent with the stronger trailing edge vortices on the pressure surface at high air velocity (175m/s) and at a distance well below the trailing edge (approximately 0.7c) The results demonstrate that the shape of the airfoil can have an impact on spray distribution from the trailing edge.
Modeling and Control of a High Voltage Battery Pack Cell for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Villalobos Jesus , Garrick Taylor R. , Moghadam Rohollah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Consumer vehicles have been propelled by internal combustion (IC) engines for more than a century. They are extremely convenient but have consequences such as global warming and air pollution. As a result of the demand to shift away from fossil fuels, battery electric vehicles (BEV) have grown in popularity, both domestically and across the globe. To reduce the time to market, and to reduce time spent testing prior to final design, modeling and simulation can be used to analyze and drive design of battery cells as utilized for vehicle propulsion. Therefore, a simulation model is proposed using an equivalent circuit model using MATLAB and Simulink, resulting in the potential for hardware tests elimination which results in cost reduction. To generate such models, a set of parameters can be extracted from cell test data across various operating conditions to create a linear mathematical model that predicts the voltage of a cell across varying loads. This cell model can then be scaled in relation to the pack configuration to model a full vehicle high voltage battery pack. The mathematical model can be used to design a state observer even if the cell’s initial conditions are not available.
Identification of Control State Changes in a Power Plant Desuperheater System via Transfer Functions and Gaussian Process Modeling
Authors: Nascimento Claudemi , Alves Victor , Harun Nor Farida , Zhou Nana , Bryden Kenneth M. , Shadle Lawrence J. , Tucker David , Lima Fernando V. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This work presents a novel study for identifying alterations in the control states of a desuperheater system based on real closed-loop data from a coal-fired power plant operating under various loads using linear and nonlinear system identification techniques. Specifically, Transfer Functions (TFs) and Gaussian Processes within a Nonlinear AutoRegressive eXogenous model (GP-NARX) are utilized. The desuperheater system comprises two units, north and south, each modeled as a single-input single-output (SISO) system based on spray valve positions and outlet temperatures. To identify changes in the control states using TFs, deviations in the coefficients of three poles and two zeros transfer functions are analyzed. Significant shifts in the control states of the north desuperheater are observed when transitioning from nominal to half and low loads, with deviations of up to four orders of magnitude. Substantial changes in control states are also observed for the south desuperheater when moving from nominal to low load, with a deviation in the coefficients of up to five orders of magnitude, whereas the transition from nominal to half load shows a smaller deviation of up to three orders of magnitude. In the GP-NARX approach, model uncertainties are used to indicate the changes in the control states. The south desuperheater showed a significant uncertainty of up to 8°F from the nominal to the low load, evidencing a change in the control states. Regarding the north desuperheater, increased uncertainty, up to 6°F, is also observed but in shorter time intervals when compared to the south desuperheater. Ultimately, this work shows that both approaches can be used as a basis for system identification, employing real closed-loop power plant data.
Root Cause Analysis of the Catastrophic Failure of a Propylene Recycle Compressor
Authors: Abidogun Kamorudeen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A 2-section, 6-stage propylene recycle compressor experienced a catastrophic failure that resulted in extensive damage to its internals. The compressor was restarted after tripping on a low-low seal oil differential pressure without draining the compressor casing, resulting in a subsequent tripping of the compressor with audible noise. The initial convergence of opinions, before the current investigation, was that the compressor failed due to surge. This appears a plausible conclusion since the anti-surge system had been disabled long before the disastrous failure. Also, the nature of the failure — broken rotor blades and diaphragms, bent rotor, among others — are hallmarks of compressor failure due to surge. However, a detailed review of the process data from the database and thermodynamic performance calculations using in-house developed software by this investigator revealed that both compressor sections have been operating across all sections of the characteristic curves, from extreme left to extreme right of the curves, before and after the catastrophic failure. Radial and axial vibrations are below alarm limits when the compressor was operating at these two extremities of the characteristic curve. Significant, rapid pressure/flow and high vibration fluctuations, which characterizes flow instabilities, were not recorded before the compressor tripped, suggesting that the compressor did not experience surge before the failure. Seal oil ingresses into the compressor in large quantities due to failed mechanical seal is suspected as the root cause of the catastrophic failure because the compressor was restarted after checking all permissives without draining the compressor casing.
Toxoplasma gondii
infection induces the expression of the chemokine CXCL16 in macrophages to promote chemoattraction of CXCR6
+
cells
Authors: Leroux Louis-Philippe , Chaparro Visnu , Plouffe Alexandra , Johnston Brent , Jaramillo Maritza 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

CXCL16 is a multifaceted chemokine expressed by macrophages and other immune cells in response to viral and bacterial pathogens. However, few studies have investigated its role in parasitic infections. The obligate intracellular parasite
Toxoplasma gondii
(
T. gondii
) is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, an infection with potentially deleterious consequences in immunocompromised individuals and the developing fetus of acutely infected pregnant women. Chemokines are critical mediators of host defense and, as such, dysregulation of their expression is a subversion strategy often employed by the parasite to ensure its survival. Herein, we report that types I and II
T. gondii
strains upregulated the expression of both transmembrane and soluble forms of CXCL16 in infected bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Exposure to soluble
T. gondii
antigens (STAg) and to excreted–secreted proteins (TgESP) led to the induction of CXCL16.
Cxcl16
mRNA abundance and CXCL16 protein levels increased in a time-dependent manner upon
T. gondii
infection. Importantly, conditioned medium (CM) collected from
T. gondii
-infected wild-type (WT) macrophage cultures promoted the migration of RAW264.7 cells expressing CXCR6, the cognate receptor of CXCL16, an effect that was significantly reduced by a neutralizing anti-CXCL16 antibody or use of CM from CXCL16 knockout (KO) macrophages. Lastly,
T. gondii
-driven CXCL16 expression appeared to modulate cytokine-induced (IL-4 + IL-13) alternative macrophage activation and M2 phenotypic marker expression. Further investigation is required to determine whether this chemokine contributes to the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Complete genome sequence of
Thiomicrospira
sp. strain V2501 isolated from 250 m below the ground level in Horonobe, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Ueno Akio , Sato Kiyoshi , Tamamura Shuji , Murakami Takuma , Inomata Hidenori , Tamazawa Satoshi , Amano Yuki , Miyakawa Kazuya , Naganuma Takeshi , Igarashi Toshifumi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

A thiosulfate-oxidizing bacterium,
Thiomicrospira
sp. strain V2501, was isolated from groundwater collected in a terrestrial deep subsurface environment. This strain was capable of chemolithoautotrophic growth on CO
2
and thiosulfate. Here, we report the 2,240,851 bp complete genome sequence of strain V2501.
Complete genome sequence of
Sagittula stellata
strain E-37 reveals a plasmid-encoded type six secretion system
Authors: Santos Mary Nia M. , Salazar John Raymond B. , Gloria Paul Christian T. , Septer Alecia N. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

We announce the complete genome sequence of
Sagittula stellata
strain E-37. The hybrid assembly of long and short reads revealed one chromosome and four plasmids. Furthermore, the genome analysis showed that the plasmid-encoded type six secretion system is linked to plasmid replication genes that may be common to Roseobacters.
A complete genome sequence of
Pseudomonas amygdali
pathovar
lachrymans
YM7902
Authors: Sweten Audrey , Baltrus David 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas amygdali
pathovar
lachrymans
YM7902 was originally isolated as a pathogen of cucumber in Japan. Here, we report a nearly complete genome sequence for this strain, assembled using a hybrid approach combining Illumina paired-end reads and longer reads sequenced using technology from Oxford Nanopore.