bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Injectable Poly-L-Lactic Acid Administration for Soft Tissue Augmentation: The Rationale for Three Treatment Sessions
Authors: Bauer Ute , H Graivier Miles 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND The availability and variety of different injectable modalities has led to a dramatic increase in soft tissue augmentation procedures in recent years. Injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a synthetic, biodegradable polymer device approved in the United States for use in immunocompetent patients as a single regimen of up to four treatment sessions for correction of shallow to deep nasolabial fold contour deficiencies and other facial wrinkles. Injectable PLLA is also approved for restoration and/or correction of signs of facial fat loss (lipoatrophy) in individuals with HIV. METHODS The present article provides an overview of previous studies with injectable PLLA, and specifically focuses on the number of recommended treatment sessions and intervals between treatment sessions. The authors also provide two case studies to support their recommendations for an average of three treatment sessions. RESULTS Although the specific mechanisms remain hypothetical, injections of PLLA are believed to cause a cascade of cellular events that lead to collagen repair and subsequent restoration of facial volume. Because the development of a response to injectable PLLA is gradual and its duration of effect is long lasting, sufficient time between treatment sessions should be allocated to avoid overcorrection. CONCLUSION Studies of injectable PLLA support the hypothesized mode of operation, and the experience and clinical recommendations of the authors that suggest that three treatment sessions are an optimal regimen for use of injectable PLLA in the majority of patients.
Breast reconstruction and radiation therapy: A Canadian perspective
Authors: Afolabi Oluwatola O , Lalonde Donald H , Williams Jason G 
Published: February 2017

Background When and how best to perform breast reconstruction in the setting of radiation therapy is a much debated topic. Objective To investigate the approaches that Canadian plastic surgeons are taking to breast reconstruction in patients who require or may require radiation therapy. Methods In April 2009, a survey invitation was sent to Canadian plastic surgeons via e-mail. Survey responses were collected over a two-month period. Results Of the 307 invitees, 90 surgeons responded, of whom 76 met the inclusion criteria. Most surgeons (66%) do not perform immediate reconstruction in patients who require postmastectomy radiation. Most respondents (64%) perform immediate reconstructions for patients whose need for radiation is uncertain at the time of mastectomy. Expander and implants is their preferred option, followed by free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap. Thirty-five per cent use the delayed immediate technique in these cases. Twenty-one per cent are unfamiliar with the delayed-immediate technique. For delayed reconstruction of the irradiated patient, the pedicled TRAM is the most common choice. Conclusions The reconstructive options are increasing for patients who may need postmastectomy radiation. The use of the delayed immediate technique could increase as physicians gain more knowledge of the technique.
Islandized mucoperiosteal flaps: A versatile technique for closure of a wide palatal cleft
Authors: Aboul-Wafa Ahmed Mabrouk 
Published: February 2017

Background A variety of surgical methods have been described to repair wide cleft palate; they are all challenging to perform and yield consistently good results. The islandized mucoperiosteal flap, the technique described in the present article, is very versatile because it can close palatal defects of any size without undue tension. Moreover, it provides adequate length and mobility of the soft palate with improved speech and feeding functions without fistula formation. Methods Between 2005 and 2011, 36 patients with wide cleft palate were operated on using islandized mucoperiosteal flaps. This technique involves dissection of the neurovascular bundle from the mucoperiosteal flaps for approximately 1 cm and dissecting the muscle from the posterior edge of the hard palate with intravelar veloplasty. The flaps subsequently become freely mobile in all directions. It can move medially to close palatal defects of any size without tension. In addition, posterior or backward mobilization lengthens the soft palate and renders it freely mobile. Results All repairs were successful, with no complications and no patients requiring secondary procedures. All patients regained normal feeding function three weeks postoperatively. All patients showed normal nasal resonance of speech except for two (three and five years of age) who experienced abnormal resonance in the form of open nasality that required regular speech therapy for six months. There was significant improvement and no secondary procedures were required for either. Conclusions A technical modification for closure of wide palatal clefts is introduced. The islandized mucoperiosteal flap, which is a very versatile technique, can close cleft palates of any width without tension, lengthens the soft palate and renders it freely mobile for proper speech functions. Using this technique, good speech and feeding function with no complications were achieved.
Extensor indicis proprius opponensplasty for isolated traumatic low median nerve palsy: A case series
Authors: Al-Qattan Mohammad M 
Published: February 2017

Introduction The standard opponensplasty for isolated low median nerve palsy in nonleprosy patients uses the flexor digitorum superficialis of the ring finger. Objective To report the results of extensor indicis proprius (EIP) opponensplasty in 15 consecutive nonleprosy patients with isolated traumatic low median nerve palsy. Methods A retrospective study of the author's cases of EIP opponensplasty for isolated traumatic median nerve palsy over the past 15 years was conducted. The author used the EIP to restore thumb opposition in all cases of isolated median nerve palsies when the following conditions were present: protective sensibility in the median nerve distribution; normal power of EIP; supple hands; and full passive range of opposition with no contracture of the first web space. There were a total of 15 patients with a mean age of 30 years (range 20 to 45 years). They all had traumatic isolated low median nerve palsy with recovery of at least protective sensation and no recovery of opposition. The tendon was harvested just proximal to the extensor expansion, the flexor carpi ulnaris was used as a pulley and the insertion was to the tendon of abductor pollicis brevis. Results There were no postoperative complications or extension lag of the donor finger. Using previously published criteria, 12 patients experienced excellent results while the remaining three had a good result. Conclusions In nonleprosy patients with isolated traumatic low median nerve palsy, the results of this transfer are consistent and there is no need to harvest the EIP tendon distal to the extensor expansion because a single insertion to the abductor pollicis brevis is sufficient.
Effects of dextran-40 on flap viability after modified radical mastectomy
Authors: Yildiz Baris Dogu , Sulu Barlas 
Published: February 2017

Background Postoperative management of patients after modified radical mastectomy has evolved over the past decades. In the early postoperative period, wound complication rates were reported to be as high as 60%. Flap necrosis after modified radical mastectomy is a common problem encountered by surgeons. Various treatment strategies have been proposed in the literature but none have addressed the use of dextran-40. Objective To determine whether dextran-40 infusion improves skin flap viability after modified radical mastectomy. Methods Twenty-eight patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy were randomly assigned to receive dextran-40 or no dextran-40 intraoperatively after flap dissection. Patients were followed prospectively over a five-year period in a community hospital. The incidence of postmastectomy skin flap necrosis and prognosis of the necrotic area after dextran-40 infusion was observed. Results Flap necrosis was observed in five (17.8%) patients. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were found to be risk factors for the development of flap necrosis (P<0.05). Flap thickness and tension on the flaps were found to be related to flap necrosis. Six of seven patients with flap perfusion problems (ecchymosis or necrosis) underwent dextran-40 treatment and healed without graft replacement. Conclusions Dextran-40 treatment did not affect development of flap necrosis. However, if necrosis had already developed, the necrotic area of the skin flaps improved with dextran-40 treatment.
Eradication of keloids: Surgical excision followed by a single injection of intralesional 5-fluorouracil and botulinum toxin
Authors: Wilson Adel Michel 
Published: February 2017

Background Keloids may complicate wound healing secondary to trauma, inflammation or surgical incision. Although various treatment modalities have been used with variable degrees of success, overall recurrence rates have remained unacceptably high. Methods The present study involved 80 patients with keloids of at least one-years' duration. Following total surgical excision of the keloid, a single dose of 5-fluorouracil was injected into the edges of the healing wound on postoperative day 9 together with botulinum toxin. The concentration of 5-fluorouracil used was 50 mg/mL and approximately 0.4 mL was infiltrated per cm of wound tissue, with the total dose <500 mg. The concentration of botulinum toxin was 50 IU/mL with the total dose <140 IU. Results Patients were followed-up for 17 to 24 months and a recurrence rate of 3.75% was found, which was significantly lower than in previously reported studies using other therapeutic modalities. Conclusion The author recommends that this treatment be routinely applied to all keloids because it is significantly more effective than those described by other authors.
Anatomical Study of Intramuscular Arterial Patterns in Rabbits
Authors: Yang Daping , Morris Steven F 
Published: February 2017

D Yang, SF Morris. Anatomical study of intramuscular arterial patterns in rabbits. Can J Plast Surg 1998;6(4):183-189. In order to identify intramuscular arterial patterns in the rabbit and select suitable muscles for experimental models of muscle transfer, 25 animals were injected with a lead oxide, gelatin and water mixture (200 mL/kg). Twenty individual muscles from each rabbit were dissected. The length and size of the dominant vascular pedicle to each muscle were measured, and the location of the neurovascular hila was recorded. A total of 1000 muscles were radiographed and analyzed. The main patterns of the muscle arterial supply, based on the number of vascular territories, were described. Four main patterns of intramuscular vasculature were identified in these 20 muscles. This study provides detailed anatomical data of the intramuscular vasculature in the rabbit that allow an accurate anatomical delineation of rabbit muscle flap models and indicates that the rabbit muscle is an appropriate experimental model for various surgical research studies.
The determination of the Sb/As content in natural tetrahedrite–tennantite and bournonite–seligmannite solid solution series by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Apopei A. I. , Damian G. , Buzgar N. , Buzatu A. , Andráš P. , Milovska S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNatural samples containing tetrahedrite–tennantite, bournonite–seligmannite and geocronite–jordanite from the Coranda-Hondol ore deposit, Romania, were investigated by Raman spectroscopy to determine its capability to provide estimates of solid solutions in three common and widespread sulfosalt mineral series. Raman measurements were performed on extended solid solution series (Td1 to Td97, Bnn25 to Bnn93 and Gcn24 to Gcn67, apfu). The tetrahedrite–tennantite and bournonite–seligmannite solid solution series show strong correlations between spectroscopic parameters ( position, relative intensity and shape of the Raman bands) and the Sb/(Sb+As) content ratio, while Raman spectra of geocronite–jordanite shows no evolution of Raman bands. In order to simplify the method used to estimate the Sb/(Sb+As) content ratio in tetrahedrite–tennantite and bournonite–seligmannite series, several linear equations of the first-order polynomial fit were obtained. The results are in good agreement with electron microprobe data. Moreover, a computer program was developed as an analytical tool for a fast and accurate determination of Sb/(Sb+As) content ratio by at least one spectroscopic parameter. These results indicate that Raman spectroscopy can provide direct information on the composition and structure of the tetrahedrite–tennantite and bournonite– seligmannite series.
Structural, chemical and spectroscopic re-examination of type uklonskovite leads to its redefinition
Authors: Menchetti S. , Bindi L. , Belakovskiy D. , Zaccarini F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe crystal structure and the chemical composition of uklonskovite from the holotype material was reinvestigated to shed light on its correct chemical formula. On the basis of information gained from this characterization, we revised the formula from NaMg(SO4)OH·2H2O to NaMg(SO4)F·2H2O (F instead of OH). A careful analysis of the structural details together with a critical review of all the chemical data listed in the scientific literature for uklonskovite support our redefinition. We also present Raman data for the mineral for the first time. Our proposal was approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (voting proposal 16-J).
αIIbβ3 binding to a fibrinogen fragment lacking the γ-chain dodecapeptide is activation dependent and EDTA inducible
Authors: Zafar Hina , Shang Yi , Li Jihong , David George A. , Fernandez Joseph P. , Molina Henrik , Filizola Marta , Coller Barry S. 
Published: February 2017

Key PointsActivation of αIIbβ3 is required for its ancillary site interactions with fibrinogen fragment D lacking the γ-chain dodecapeptide (‘D98’). EDTA can paradoxically induce normal αIIbβ3 to interact with fibrinogen fragment ‘D98.’
Early Recognition of the Effects of Publication Bias
Authors: Ihde Daniel C. , Ihde Mary N. 
Published: February 2017

To the Editor: Dr Antman's editorial on Dr Simes' article on the potentially confounding effects of publication bias in evaluating the efficacy of various cancer therapies referred to what is probably the earliest published reference to a prospective clinical trial in the biblical book of Daniel. Some two millenia later, another outstanding individual, whose major contributions lie outside the area of clinical therapeutics, was also concerned with these issues. Abraham Lincoln recognized the value of disseminating the results of unsuccessful as well as successful experiments, as recounted in Sandberg's biography. Finding Herndon [Lincoln's law partner] reading a new book, "The Annual of Science," he glanced through it and commented that the book was on the right track because it took account of failures as well as successes in its field. "Too often we read only of successful experiments in science and philosophy, whereas if the history of failure and defeat was included there would be a saving of brain-work as well as time. The evidence of defeat, the recital of what was not as well as what cannot be done serves to put the scientist or philosopher on his guard—sets him to thinking on the right line." Given the fiscal constraints under which he operated, we do not know whether President Lincoln would have supported the funding of an international registry of clinical trials (as suggested by Dr Simes) from the federal budget. It is likely, however, that he would have been sympathetic to such a proposal.
Relapse of Acute Leukemia After Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Mortimer Joanne , Blinder Morey A. , Schulman Susan , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Buckner C. Dean , Clift Reginald A. , Sanders Jean E. , Storb Rainier , Thomas E. Donnall 
Published: February 2017

Table 6 of the manuscript by Mortimer et al published in the January issue (J Clin Oncol 7:50–57, 1989) contained several errors. It is reprinted here correctly in its entirety. Please see the PDF for Table.
ICRF-187 permits longer treatment with doxorubicin in women with breast cancer.
Authors: Speyer J L , Green M D , Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A , Wernz J C , Rey M , Sanger J , Kramer E , Ferrans V , Hochster H , Meyers M 
Published: February 2017

PURPOSE To test potential protection by ICRF-187 against cumulative doxorubicin-dose-related cardiac toxicity, we conducted a randomized clinical trial in 150 women with advanced breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received fluorouracil (5FU) 500 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 every 21 days intravenously (IV) (control regimen, 74 patients), or the same regimen preceded by ICRF-187 1,000 mg/m2 IV (experimental regimen, 76 patients). RESULTS We previously reported that ICRF-187 in this dose and schedule provides cardiac protection and does not substantially alter the noncardiac toxicity or antitumor efficacy of the control regimen. In this updated analysis of the entire patient cohort, we provide additional support for these findings and demonstrate that patients in the ICRF-187 group received more cycles (median, 11) and higher cumulative doses (median, 500 mg/m2) of doxorubicin than patients in the control group (median, nine cycles, P less than .01; and 441 mg/m2, P less than .05). Twenty-six patients in the ICRF-187 group received doxorubicin doses of at least 700 mg/m2, and among them, 11 patients received 1,000 mg/m2 or more. Only three patients in the control group received doxorubicin doses of 700 mg/m2; the maximum dose administered to one patient in this group was 950 mg/m2. ICRF-187 cardiac protection was demonstrated by difference in incidence of clinical congestive heart failure (CHF; two patients in the ICRF-187 group v 20 in the control group; P less than .0001) and by differences in resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) determined by multigated radionuclide (MUGA) scan from baselines and that required patient removal from study (five patients in the ICRF-187 group had a decrease in LVEF to less than 0.45 or a decrease from the baseline LVEF of 0.20 or more v 32 in the control group; P less than .000001). Among the 30 patients who had an assessable endomyocardial biopsy at cumulative doxorubicin 450 mg/m2, none of 16 in the ICRF-187 group and six of 14 in the control group had a score of 2 (P less than .05). ICRF-187 cardiac protection was observed in patients with and without prior chest-wall radiation or other risk factors for developing doxorubicin cardiac toxicity. CONCLUSION By protecting against cumulative doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity, ICRF-187 permits significantly greater doses of doxorubicin to be administered to patients with greater safety.
Comparative study of pamidronate disodium and etidronate disodium in the treatment of cancer-related hypercalcemia.
Authors: Gucalp R , Ritch P , Wiernik P H , Sarma P R , Keller A , Richman S P , Tauer K , Neidhart J , Mallette L E , Siegel R 
Published: February 2017

PURPOSE This multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial was performed to determine the efficacy and safety of pamidronate disodium (APD) in comparison to etidronate disodium (EHDP) in the treatment of cancer-related hypercalcemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-five male and female adult patients with cancer and corrected calcium levels of greater than or equal to 12.0 mg/dL after 24 hours of hydration were randomized to receive either 60 mg APD given as a single 24-hour infusion or 7.5 mg/kg EHDP given as a 2-hour infusion daily for 3 days. RESULTS APD normalized corrected calcium levels in 70% (21 of 30) of patients, whereas EHDP did so in 41% (14 of 34) of patients (P = .026). The mean corrected serum calcium level decreased from 14.6 to 10.5 mg/dL in the APD-treated group and from 13.8 to 11.6 mg/dL in the EHDP-treated group within the first week of treatment. There was no difference in response to APD in patients without versus those with bone metastases (78% v 67%). Both drugs were well tolerated. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that a single 60-mg infusion of APD is safe and more effective than EHDP given at the dose of 7.5 mg/kg for 3 days in the treatment of cancer-related hypercalcemia.
A phase II study of CPT-11, a new derivative of camptothecin, for previously untreated non-small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: Fukuoka M , Niitani H , Suzuki A , Motomiya M , Hasegawa K , Nishiwaki Y , Kuriyama T , Ariyoshi Y , Negoro S , Masuda N 
Published: February 2017

PURPOSE Camptothecin-11 (CPT-11) is a new semisynthetic derivative of CPT, and has been shown to inhibit DNA topoisomerase I and to have a strong antitumor activity with low toxicity in murine tumors. To evaluate the effectiveness of CPT-11 in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a phase II study was conducted between April 1989 and February 1990. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-three patients were entered onto the study. All patients had had no previous therapy and had measurable disease. Their median age was 67 years (range, 34 to 75 years). Fifty-four patients had a performance status (PS) of 0 or 1 on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale, and 19 had a PS of 2. CPT-11 was given at a dose of 100 mg/m2 by intravenous 90-minute infusion once a week. The dose of CPT-11 was modified based on the WBC count obtained on the day of drug administration. RESULTS Of 72 assessable patients, 23 (31.9%) showed a partial response (95% confidence interval, 20.2% to 43.6%). Of 40 patients with a stage IV disease, 13 (32.5%) responded. Response rates for patients with PS 0 or 1 and those with PS 2 did not differ (34.0% and 26.3%, respectively). The median duration of response in patients showing a PR was 15 weeks. The median survival time for all patients was 42 weeks. The major toxicities were leukopenia and diarrhea. Grade 3 or 4 leukopenia and diarrhea occurred in 18 patients (25%) and 15 patients (21%), respectively. These toxicities were unpredictable. Other toxicities of greater than or equal to grade 3 included nausea/vomiting (22%), anemia (15%), alopecia (4%) and pneumonitis (3%). One patient died of pulmonary toxicity (interstitial pneumonitis). CONCLUSIONS CPT-11 is a very active agent for NSCLC with acceptable toxicities. Further trials in combination with other agents for this disease are warranted.