bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) on anxiety and behavior in children with hearing and speech impairment
Authors: Shetty Raghavendra M. , Pashine Aditi , Jose Nijo A. , Mantha Somasundar 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAimTo assess and compare the role of IQ on anxiety and behavior of children with and without hearing and speech impairment.Material and methodsA total of 120 children of age group 7–14 years were included in the study, of which control group comprised of 60 normal healthy children and 60 hearing and speech impaired children formed the study group. The study was done in two consecutive sessions. First appointment for Culture Fair Intelligence Test and second appointment for RMS pictorial anxiety score (RMS‐PS) and Frankl behavior rating which were assessed during oral prophylaxis.ResultsIQ of children with hearing and speech impairment was lower as compared to normal healthy children. There was a positive correlation between IQ and anxiety in children with hearing and speech impairment while no correlation was found with behavior.ConclusionChildren with hearing and speech impairment are less anxious and more cooperative compared to normal healthy child in the dental setting and are, therefore, easier to manage.
“Seniors only want respect”: designing an oral health program for older adults
Authors: Estrada Ivette , Kunzel Carol , Schrimshaw Eric W. , Greenblatt Ariel P. , Metcalf Sara S. , Northridge Mary E. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAimPersistent socioeconomic disparities in the oral disease burden contribute to pain and suffering among vulnerable and underserved populations who face systemic barriers to access oral health care, including older adults living in disadvantaged urban neighborhoods. The aim of this study is to gain the views of racial/ethnic minority older adults regarding what they believe would support them and their peers in visiting the dentist regularly.Methods and resultsFocus groups were conducted and digitally audio‐recorded from 2013 to 2015 with 194 racial/ethnic minority women and men aged 50 years and older living in northern Manhattan who participated in one of 24 focus group sessions about improving oral health for older adults. Analysis of the transcripts was conducted using thematic content analysis. The majority of recommendations from racial/ethnic minority older adults to help older adults go to the dentist regularly were centered at the organization and provider level. The preeminence of respectful treatment to racial/ethnic minority older adults may be useful to underscore in oral health programs and settings.ConclusionThere is a need for greater engagement of and attention to patients and other stakeholders in developing, testing, and disseminating interventions to close the gaps in oral health care disparities.
Role of telehealth in renal replacement therapy education
Authors: Malkina Anna , Tuot Delphine S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe prevalence of end‐stage renal disease is rising in the United States, which bears high financial and public health burden. The most common modality of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the United States is in‐center hemodialysis. Many patients report lack of comprehensive and timely education about their treatment options, which may preclude them from participating in home‐based dialysis therapies and kidney transplantation evaluation. While RRT education has traditionally been provided in‐person, the rise of telehealth has afforded new opportunities to improve upon the status quo. For example, technology‐augmented RRT education has recently been implemented into telehealth nephrology clinics, informational websites and mobile applications maintained by professional organizations, patient‐driven forums on social media, and multimodality programs. The benefits of technology in RRT education are increased access for geographically isolated and/or medically frail patients, versatility of content delivery, information repetition to enhance knowledge retention, and interpersonal connection for educational content and emotional support. Challenges center around privacy and accuracy of information sharing, in addition to differential access to technology due to age and socioeconomic status. A review of available scholarly and social media resources suggests that technology‐aided delivery of education about treatment options for end‐stage renal disease provides an important alternative and/or supplemental resource for patients and families.
Distance to pig farms as risk factor for community‐onset livestock‐associated MRSA CC398 infection in persons without known contact to pig farms—A nationwide study
Authors: Anker J. C. H. , Koch A. , Ethelberg S. , Mølbak K. , Larsen J. , Jepsen M. R. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryMRSA CC398 is an emerging MRSA strain found in livestock, mainly in pigs. Direct occupational livestock contact is the principal risk factor for human MRSA CC398 infection. Nonetheless, in recent years, an increasing number of MRSA CC398 cases has been observed in persons without known pig contact. Such cases, referred to as MRSA CC398 of unknown origin (MUO CC398), have, like livestock‐onset (LO) MRSA CC398 cases, been found concentrated in rural, livestock‐producing areas. The presence of MUO CC398 cases indicates alternative and unknown MRSA CC398 transmission pathways into the community. We performed a nationwide study in Denmark of the geographic distributions of MRSA cases in general and persons with MUO CC398 or LO MRSA CC398 infections (1 January 2006–11 February 2015), with the Danish population as background population. Place of living of study persons was mapped using the ArcGIS software, and information on pig farms was retrieved from the Central Husbandry Register. The incidence of MUO CC398 infections was clearly higher in rural than in urban areas, and such cases lived on average closer to pig farms than the general population. However, within three pig‐farming‐dense municipalities, patients with MUO CC398 infections did not live closer to pig farms than population controls. This shows that direct environmental spread from neighbouring pig farms of MRSA CC398 is unlikely. Instead, community spread through other means of transmission than direct spread from farms may more likely explain the clustering of MUO CC398 in livestock‐dense areas.
Vitamin C Potentiates the Killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the First-Line Tuberculosis Drugs Isoniazid and Rifampin in Mice
Authors: Vilchèze Catherine , Kim John , Jacobs William R. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

The treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) is long and cumbersome. Mismanagement of TB treatment can lead to the emergence of drug resistance in patients, so shortening the treatment duration could significantly improve TB chemotherapy and prevent the development of drug resistance. We previously discovered that high concentrations of vitamin C sterilize cultures of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. Here, we tested subinhibitory concentration of vitamin C in combination with TB drugs against
M. tuberculosis
in vitro
and in a mouse model of
M. tuberculosis
infection.
In vivo
, we showed that the vitamin C level in mouse serum can be increased by intraperitoneal injection of vitamin C to reach vitamin C levels close to the concentrations required for activity
in vitro
. Although vitamin C had no activity by itself in
M. tuberculosis
-infected mice, the combination of vitamin C with the first-line TB drugs isoniazid and rifampin reduced the bacterial burden in the lungs of
M. tuberculosis
-infected mice faster than isoniazid and rifampin combined in two independent experiments. These experiments suggest that the addition of vitamin C to first-line TB drugs could shorten TB treatment. Vitamin C, an inexpensive and nontoxic compound, could easily be added to the TB pharmacopeia to substantially improve chemotherapy outcome, which would have a significant impact on the worldwide TB community.
Rhomb-dominated crystallographic preferred orientations in incipiently deformed quartz sandstones: A potential paleostress indicator for quartz-rich rocks
Authors: Rahl Jeffrey M. , McGrew Allen J. , Fox Joshua A. , Latham Joshua R. , Gabrielson Tyler 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We describe quartz crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) from incipiently deformed quartz sandstones characterized by low-intensity but unambiguous alignment of the poles to positive {r} and/or negative {z} rhombs. These distinctive CPOs appear at minimal strains and in grains with scarcely modified original detrital boundaries. We consider the hypothesis that these patterns reflect Dauphiné twinning (a 180° misorientation about the c-axis) that preferentially affects grains oriented with the elastically stiffer z-rhombs at high angle to the maximum principal stress direction. Twinning facilitates elastic deformation by aligning the more compliant r-rhombs at high angle to the greatest principal stress. Crystallographic maps show that about two-thirds of all grains (by area) are twinned, and untwinned grains are oriented with an r-rhomb perpendicular to the inferred shortening direction. We document this pattern from low-grade quartzite from three locations: the Eureka Quartzite of northeastern Nevada (USA); the Mesón Group of northwestern Argentina; and the Antietam Formation of the Blue Ridge of central Virginia (USA). The widespread presence of these CPOs in minimally deformed quartz rocks suggests that they may be useful in defining paleostress trajectories.
Earth’s oldest mantle peridotites show entire record of late accretion
Authors: van de Löcht J. , Hoffmann J.E. , Li C. , Wang Z. , Becker H. , Rosing M.T. , Kleinschrodt R. , Münker C. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
An important issue in Earth’s earliest history is the timing and mixing history of the late accreted material that supplied highly siderophile elements to Earth’s mantle after core segregation. Previously, constraints on ancient mantle processes could only be obtained indirectly from mantle-derived magmas such as basalts or komatiites. Relics of Eoarchean (older than 3.8 Ga) mantle were proposed to occur within the Eoarchean terrains of western Greenland. Here we provide geochemical evidence, including combined platinum group element (PGE) and Re-Os isotope data, showing that modern mantle-like peridotites occur at two localities in southwest Greenland. Rhenium-depletion model ages of these peridotites are mostly of Eoarchean age, in accord with U-Pb zircon ages of crosscutting granitoid intrusives. PGE abundances and patterns are similar to those of modern depleted mantle peridotites. For the first time, such patterns provide conclusive evidence for preservation of Eoarchean depleted mantle rocks that are clearly distinguishable from magmatic cumulates or komatiites. Abundances of Os, Ir, and Ru combined with Os isotope compositions in the Greenland peridotites reveal that primitive late accreted material appears to have been efficiently mixed into the sampled mantle domains by Eoarchean time.
Absolute ages of multiple generations of brittle structures by U-Pb dating of calcite
Authors: Hansman Reuben J. , Albert Richard , Gerdes Axel , Ring Uwe 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Direct dating of brittle structures is challenging, especially absolute dating of diagenesis followed by a series of superimposed brittle deformation events. We report 22 calcite U-Pb ages from tectonites and carbonate host rocks that date 3 diagenetic and 6 brittle deformation events. Results show that U-Pb dating of calcite fibers from these structures is compatible with overprinting relationships. Ages indicate that diagenesis occurred between 147 ± 6 Ma and 103 ± 34 Ma, and was followed by top-to-the-south, layer-parallel shearing due to ophiolite obduction at 84 ± 5 Ma (2σ errors). Sheared top-to-the-northeast, layer-parallel veins were dated as 64 ± 4 Ma and are interpreted to have developed during postobduction exhumation. After this event, a series of strike-slip structures, which crosscut and reactivated older faults due to northwest-southeast horizontal shortening, were dated as 55 ± 22 Ma and 43 ± 6 Ma. Eight ages from strike-slip faults and thrusts resulting from northeast-southwest shortening range from 40.6 ± 0.5 Ma to 16.1 ± 0.2 Ma. The youngest ages are from minor overprinting fibers ranging in age between 7.5 ± 0.9 Ma and 1.6 ± 0.6 Ma. Our results show that U-Pb dating of calcite fibers can be successfully used to constrain a complicated succession of brittle deformation structures that encompasses two orogenies and an intervening extension period.
Preparedness for delivering non-communicable disease services in primary care: access to medicines for diabetes and hypertension in a district in south India
Authors: Elias Maya Annie , Pati Manoj Kumar , Aivalli Praveenkumar , Srinath Bhanuprakash , Munegowda Chikkagollahalli , Shroff Zubin Cyrus , Bigdeli Maryam , Srinivas Prashanth N 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major public health challenge worldwide; they account for 28 million deaths per year in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Like many other LMICs, India is struggling to organise quality care for a large NCD-affected population especially at the primary healthcare level. The aim of this study was to assess local health system preparedness in a south Indian primary healthcare setting for addressing diabetes and hypertension.MethodsThis paper draws on a mixed-methods research study on access to medicines conducted in Tumkur, Karnataka, India. We used quantitative data from household and health facility surveys, and qualitative data from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with health workers and patients. We identified systemic drivers that influence utilisation of services at government primary health centres (PHCs) using thematic analysis of qualitative data and a systems framework on access to medicines to assess supply and demand side factors.ResultsMajority of households depend on private facilities for diabetes and hypertension care because of the lack of laboratory facilities and frequent medicine stockouts at PHCs. Financial and managerial resource allocation for NCDs and prioritisation of care and processes related to NCDs was suboptimal compared to the prominence of this agenda at global and national levels. Primary healthcare has a limited role even in the activities under the national programme that addresses diabetes and hypertension.DiscussionThe study finds critical gaps in the preparedness of PHCs and district health systems in organising and managing care for diabetes and hypertension. Due to the lack of continuous care organised through PHCs, patients depend on expensive and often episodic care in the private sector. There is a need to improve managerial and financial resource allocation towards diabetes and hypertension (and other NCDs) at the district level.Trial registration numberCTRI/2015/03/005640; Pre-results.
Adverse events in patients in home healthcare: a retrospective record review using trigger tool methodology
Authors: Schildmeijer Kristina Görel Ingegerd , Unbeck Maria , Ekstedt Mirjam , Lindblad Marléne , Nilsson Lena 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveHome healthcare is an increasingly common part of healthcare. The patients are often aged, frail and have multiple diseases, and multiple caregivers are involved in their treatment. This study explores the origin, incidence, types and preventability of adverse events (AEs) that occur in patients receiving home healthcare.DesignA study using retrospective record review and trigger tool methodology.Setting and methodsTen teams with experience of home healthcare from nine regions across Sweden reviewed home healthcare records in a two-stage procedure using 38 predefined triggers in four modules. A random sample of records from 600 patients (aged 18 years or older) receiving home healthcare during 2015 were reviewed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe cumulative incidence of AEs found in patients receiving home healthcare; secondary measures were origin, types, severity of harm and preventability of the AEs.ResultsThe patients were aged 20–79 years, 280 men and 320 women. The review teams identified 356 AEs in 226 (37.7%; 95% CI 33.0 to 42.8) of the home healthcare records. Of these, 255 (71.6%; 95% CI 63.2 to 80.8) were assessed as being preventable, and most (246, 69.1%; 95% CI 60.9 to 78.2) required extra healthcare visits or led to a prolonged period of healthcare. Most of the AEs (271, 76.1%; 95% CI 67.5 to 85.6) originated in home healthcare; the rest were detected during home healthcare but were related to care outside home healthcare. The most common AEs were healthcare-associated infections, falls and pressure ulcers.ConclusionsAEs in patients receiving home healthcare are common, mostly preventable and often cause temporary harm requiring extra healthcare resources. The most frequent types of AEs must be addressed and reduced through improvements in interprofessional collaboration. This is an important area for future studies.
Patient journey following lumbar spinal fusion surgery (LSFS): protocol for a multicentre qualitative analysis of the patient rehabilitation experience (FuJourn)
Authors: Rushton Alison , Staal J Bart , Verra Martin , Emms Andrew , Reddington Michael , Soundy Andrew , Cole Ashley , Willems Paul , Benneker Lorin , Masson Annabel , Heneghan Nicola R 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionThere has been a 65% increase in lumbar spinal fusion surgery (LSFS) worldwide over the last 13 years, with costs of £26 million to the UK National Health Service annually. Patient dissatisfaction with outcome and persistent pain and disability incurs further costs. Three trials provide low-quality evidence for the role of physiotherapy. Our UK surveys investigating physiotherapy/surgeon practice concluded rehabilitation should be tailored to the individual patient owing to considerable clinical heterogeneity. This study will explore the perceptions of patients who undergo LSFS to inform precision rehabilitation.Methods and analysisA qualitative study, using interpretive phenomenological analysis, will recruit a purposive sample (n=40) to ensure patterns of similarity and difference in their journeys can be explored. In-depth semistructured interviews will be undertaken following discharge from hospital and at 12 months postsurgery. Patients’ preoperative and postoperative experiences, underlying attitudes and beliefs towards the surgical intervention, facilitators and barriers to recovery, adherence to advice and physiotherapy, experiences of rehabilitation and return to normal function/activity/work will be explored. A 12-month patient diary will provide real time access to patient data, capturing a weekly record of life as lived, including symptoms, medication, experiences of stages of recovery, rehabilitation adherence, healthcare professional appointments, attitudes, their feelings and experiences throughout their journey. Data will be analysed in a number of stages in accordance with interpretive phenomenological analysis, supported using NVivo software. Analysis of the first interviews and patient diaries will afford a rich density of data to build an overall understanding of the patients’ lived experiences, informing the 12-month interview. Strategies (eg, reflexivity) will ensure trustworthiness.Ethics and disseminationThe study has ethical approval (IRAS 223283). Findings will ensure that patient-driven data inform precision rehabilitation by understanding the patient journey. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conferences.
Fast acquisition cone-beam computed tomography: initial experience with a 10 s protocol
Authors: Srinivasan Visish M , Chintalapani Gouthami , Camstra Kevin Matthew , Effendi Sabih T , Cherian Jacob , Johnson Jeremiah N , Chen Stephen R , Kan Peter 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundCone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) facilitates the acquisition of cross-sectional imaging in angiography suites using a rotational C-arm and digital flat panel detectors. The applications are numerous, including evaluation of implanted devices and localization of cerebrovascular lesions. We present and validate the clinical utility of an alternative fast CBCT acquisition protocol in the context of neurovascular device imaging.MethodsContrast-enhanced (CE)-CBCT images were acquired using a new 10 s protocol in a phantom head model, swine model, and in patients. The acquisition parameters of both the 10 s and 20 s protocols were exactly the same, except for fewer projections (250 projections in 10 s vs 500 projections in 20 s), resulting in reduced scan time. Image quality was measured quantitatively in a controlled phantom study and qualitatively by blinded reviewers. The latter was performed to assess the image quality of the 10 s protocol pertinent to the device visibility and its apposition to the parent artery.Results10 s CBCT images were comparable to 20 s CBCT in both phantom and animal studies. Of the 25 patient images, the reviewers agreed that they were able to discern the flow diverter struts and assess the apposition in all images. The overall rating for all 10 s images was 4.28 on a 5-point scale. No images were rated as less than 3, which was the average diagnostic quality. The ratings were concordant across three blinded reviewers (κ=0.411). Additionally, contrast and spatial resolution between 10 s and 20 s images were similar in non-human models.ConclusionsCBCT images of neurovascular devices can be obtained successfully using a 10 s acquisition protocol. In addition, the 10 s protocol offers faster acquisition, thus allowing its use in awake patients and with an added advantage of lower radiation and contrast dose.
Kramers–Kronig method for determination of optical properties of PZT nanotubes fabricated by sol–gel method and porous anodic alumina with high aspect ratio
Authors: Pakizeh Esmaeil , Moradi Mahmood 
Published: January 2018

Ferroelectric Pb(ZrTi)O3 (PZT) nanotubes were prepared by sol–gel method and porous anodic alumina (PAA) membrane using spin-coating technique. This method is based on filling-pyrolysis-filling process and the use of one-stage alumina membranes. One of the advantages of this method is its rapidity, which takes only 1 h time before the calcination step. The effect of repeated pores filling was investigated to get the required size of nanotubes. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images were shown that the PZT nanotubes have inner diameters in the range of 65–90 nm and length of about 50–60 [Formula: see text]m. This means that the samples have a significant aspect ratio (700–800). Also the FE-SEM image confirmed that the highly ordered, hexagonally distributed PAA membranes with the pore diameter about 140–150 nm were formed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the PZT nanotubes have a tetragonal structure. The metal oxide bands like ZrO6 and TiO6 of the final PZT nanotubes were detected by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis and confirmed the formation of perovskite structure. By using FT-IR spectroscopy and Kramers–Kronig transformation method, the optical constants like real [Formula: see text]([Formula: see text]) and imaginary [Formula: see text]([Formula: see text]) parts of dielectric function, extinction coefficient k([Formula: see text]) and refractive index n([Formula: see text]) were determined. It was shown that the optical constants of PZT nanotubes are different from PZT nanoparticles.