bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Genetics of Inherited Thrombocytopenias
Authors: Savoia Anna 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Inherited thrombocytopenias (ITs) are rare, clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases caused by mutations in more than 30 genes. Considering that they account for approximately 50% of the cases, many other genetic unknown factors are likely to be involved. The IT genes encode for proteins playing numerous functions, participating in the different steps of megakaryopoiesis, such as differentiation and production of mature megakaryocytes, and platelet release in the blood stream. Mutations impairing any of these processes lead to reduction of platelet count. While in some ITs, thrombocytopenia is the only feature, in others, it is associated with other haematological defects and/or clinical manifestations. Not always the pathogenic mechanisms are known, mainly because our knowledge on protein function is limited. However, the number of the IT genes is increasing rapidly, and combining genetic and functional studies will allow us to unravel the complex network of interactions controlling platelet biogenesis.

Key Concepts

Inherited thrombocytopenias (ITs) are characterised by clinical and genetic heterogeneity.

Reduction in platelet count can be due to defects in any phase of megakaryocyte and platelet production.

Mutations in more than 30 different genes cause ITs.

The IT gene products play many different, sometimes unknown roles in the processes of platelet production.

Mutations in the known genes explain the disease in only 50% of families with IT.

Application of next‐generation sequencing strategies in large case series of affected individuals will allow us to characterise novel ITs and understand the molecular basis of these diseases more extensively.
Genetics of Hereditary Large Vessel Diseases
Authors: Morisaki Takayuki , Morisaki Hiroko 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecently, the genetic study of hereditary large vessel diseases such as Marfan syndrome has been advanced, leading to not only identifying pathogenic genes but also providing information of the pathophysiology and possible new therapeutic targets. Genes identified for hereditary large vessel diseases includeFBN1,TGFBR1,TGFBR2,SMAD3,TGFB2,TGFB3,SKI,EFEMP2,BGN,COL3A1,FLNA,ACTA2,MYH11,MYLK,SLC2A10andNOTCH1. Dysfunction of these genes is mainly connected with altered function of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signalling pathways, as well as that of the extracellular matrix or smooth muscle contractile apparatus, resulting in progression of structural abnormality to aorta and large vessels including aortic aneurysms and dissections. Furthermore, it has been shown that the TGF‐β signalling pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Marfan syndrome and Loeys–Dietz syndrome, which may be important for development of strategies for medical and surgical treatment of hereditary large vessel diseases.Key ConceptsGenetic study of hereditary large vessel diseases has been advanced.Young patients with large vessel diseases should be aware of possible genetic disease.Alteration of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signalling pathways as well as that of the extracellular matrix or smooth muscle contractile apparatus is closely connected with large vessel diseases.Genetic study of hereditary large vessel diseases may help to get better therapeutic approach in the near future.Medical treatment modulating TGF‐β signaling would be effective for hereditary large vessel diseases.
TLR
Signalling: Beyond Immunity
Authors: Guessoum Omar , Tang Qijun , Agorsor Israel DK , Ke Wenfan , Li Renyu , Danna Cristian H , Deppmann Christopher D 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

The ability of multicellular organisms to detect and eliminate pathogens is key to their survival. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are one of the key components of the immune response in invertebrates and vertebrates. Although the general families of TLRs are conserved between species in the detection of microbe‐associated molecular patterns, their specific role may be altered in these distinct organisms. Beyond the vast role of TLRs in immunity, they are also involved in development, metabolic homoeostasis and pain sensation.

Key Concepts

The role of TLRs in facilitating the innate immune response is well established, but they are now known to be involved in development, metabolic homoeostasis and nociception.

TLRs are functionally conserved between species but can play different roles depending on the tissue in which they are expressed as well as the nature of the activating ligand and downstream effectors.

TLRs use two main adaptor proteins to facilitate their downstream signalling pathways: Myd88 dependent and TRIF.

The ligands recognised by TLRs can be described as microbe‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).

TLRs have been targeted for therapeutic applications, but a balance must be struck between their inhibition and activation to maintain homoeostasis.
The genetic admixture in Tibetan‐Yi Corridor
Authors: Yao Hong‐Bing , Tang Senwei , Yao Xiaotian , Yeh Hui‐Yuan , Zhang Wanhu , Xie Zhiyan , Du Qiajun , Ma Liying , Wei Shuoyun , Gong Xue , Zhang Zilong , Li Quanfang , Xu Bingying , Zhang Hu‐Qin , Chen Gang , Wang Chuan‐Chao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe Tibetan‐Yi Corridor located on the eastern edge of Tibetan Plateau is suggested to be the key region for the origin and diversification of Tibeto‐Burman speaking populations and the main route of the peopling of the Plateau. However, the genetic history of the populations in the Corridor is far from clear due to limited sampling in the northern part of the Corridor.Materials and methodsWe collected blood samples from 10 Tibetan and 10 Han Chinese individuals from Gansu province and genotyped about 600,000 genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).ResultsOur data revealed that the populations in the Corridor are all admixed on a genetic cline of deriving ancestry from Tibetans on the Plateau and surrounding lowland East Asians. The Tibetan and Han Chinese groups in the north of the Plateau show significant evidence of low‐level West Eurasian admixture that could be probably traced back to 600∼900 years ago.DiscussionWe conclude that there have been huge population migrations from surrounding lowland onto the Tibetan Plateau via the Tibetan‐Yi Corridor since the initial formation of Tibetans probably in Neolithic Time, which leads to the current genetic structure of Tibeto‐Burman speaking populations.
Processable and Moldable Sodium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Aoxuan , Hu Xianfei , Tang Haoqing , Zhang Chanyuan , Liu Shan , Yang Ying‐Wei , Yang Quan‐Hong , Luo Jiayan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries are similar in concept and function to lithium‐ion batteries, but their development and commercialization lag far behind. One obstacle is the lack of a standard reference electrode. Unlike Li foil reference electrodes, sodium is not easily processable or moldable and it deforms easily. Herein we fabricate a processable and moldable composite Na metal anode made from Na and reduced graphene oxide (r‐GO). With only 4.5 % percent r‐GO, the composite anodes had improved hardness, strength, and stability to corrosion compared to Na metal, and can be engineered to various shapes and sizes. The plating/stripping cycling of the composite anode was significantly extended in both ether and carbonate electrolytes giving less dendrite formation. We used the composite anode in both Na‐O2 and Na‐Na3V2(PO4)3 full cells.
Iminyl‐Radicals by Oxidation of α‐Imino‐oxy Acids: Photoredox‐Neutral Alkene Carboimination for the Synthesis of Pyrrolines
Authors: Jiang Heng , Studer Armido 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe visible‐light‐promoted decarboxylation of α‐imino‐oxy propionic acids for the generation of iminyl radicals has been accomplished through the use of Ir(dFCF3ppy)2(dtbbpy)PF6 as a photoredox catalyst. Different from visible‐light‐promoted homolysis and single‐electron reduction of oxime derivatives, this strategy provides a novel catalytic cycle for alkene carboimination through a sequence comprising N‐radical generation, iminyl radical cyclization, intermolecular conjugate addition to a Michael acceptor, and single‐electron reduction to afford various pyrroline derivatives in an overall redox‐neutral process. The indolizidine alkaloid skeleton could be easily constructed from a pyrroline derivative prepared by this synthetic method.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition as a Versatile Platform to Access Methanobenzo[7]annulenes
Authors: Ramachary Dhevalapally B. , Anif Pasha Mohammed , Thirupathi Guguloth 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPharmaceutically and structurally important methanobenzo[7]annulenes were synthesized in very good yields with excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities through an unprecedented organocatalytic formal [3+2] cycloaddition from readily available 2‐alkyl‐3‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1,4‐diones and alkyl vinyl ketones.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Vindorosine
Authors: Chen Wen , Yang Xiao‐Dong , Tan Wen‐Yun , Zhang Xiang‐Yang , Liao Xia‐Li , Zhang Hongbin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOutlined herein is a novel and scalable synthesis of (−)‐vindorosine based on two key transformations. A highly diastereoselective vinylogous Mannich addition of dioxinone‐derived lithium dienolates with indolyl N‐tert‐butanesulfinyl imines has been developed. In addition, an intramolecular Heathcock/aza‐Prins cyclization was introduced to construct both the C, and the highly substituted E rings for the synthesis of (−)‐vindorosine and related alkaloids.
Between Nationalism and Internationalism: The German Chemical Society In Comparative Perspective, 1867–1945
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey Allan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOne‐hundred fifty years ago, on the eve of German unification, about one‐hundred people gathered in Berlin to found the German Chemical Society (DChG) under the charismatic leadership of August Wilhelm von Hofmann, who attracted a large international membership by promoting modern organic chemistry. By 1892, when Emil Fischer succeeded Hofmann, the DChG was the world's largest chemical society. Under Fischer the Society promoted international collaboration with foreign societies, and in 1900 it opened an impressive headquarters, the Hofmann House, where it centralized its greatly expanded literary activity including abstracts and reference publications. Yet a half‐century later, after war and racial‐national extremism, the house lay in ruins and the Society had ceased to exist. In remembering the Society, one may well ask why its auspicious beginning should have led to this ignominious end.
A Nucleophilic Gold(III) Carbene Complex
Authors: Pujol Anthony , Lafage Mathieu , Rekhroukh Feriel , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Amgoune Abderrahmane , Bourissou Didier , Nebra Noel , Fustier‐Boutignon Marie , Mézailles Nicolas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe first AuIII carbene complex was prepared by reacting a geminal dianion with a (P,C) cyclometalated AuIII precursor. Its structure and bonding situation have been thoroughly investigated by experimental and computational means. The presence of a high‐energy highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) centered at the carbene center suggests nucleophilic character for the AuIII carbene complex. This unprecedented feature was confirmed by reactions with two electrophiles (PhNCS and CS2), resulting in two types of C=C coupling reactions.
A Concise Synthesis of Forskolin
Authors: Hylse Ondřej , Maier Lukáš , Kučera Roman , Perečko Tomáš , Svobodová Aneta , Kubala Lukáš , Paruch Kamil , Švenda Jakub 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA 24‐step synthesis of (±)‐forskolin is presented, which delivered hundred milligram quantities of this complex diterpene in one pass. Transformations key to our approach include: a) a strategic allylic transposition, b) stepwise assembly of a sterically encumbered isoxazole ring, and c) citric acid‐modified Upjohn dihydroxylation of a resilient tetrasubstituted olefin. The developed route has exciting potential for the preparation of new forskolin analogues inaccessible by semisynthesis.
Adhesive and repulsive properties of water droplet impact on honeycomb surfaces through breath figure method
Authors: Li Zhiguang , Zhang Zuoliang , Kong Que , Ren Xuehong 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe honeycomb porous films of tadpole‐shaped polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane fluorinated acrylates copolymers were fabricated through breath figure method. The static hydrophobic properties were studied through water contact angles (CAs) and the rim width/pore size (W/D) values. It was found that the low W/D value and high fluorine content generally indicated a high water CA. The properties such as morphology variations, energy conversion, contact diameter, adhesive, and repulsive forces were investigated on the porous and pincushion films. Furthermore, the kinetic energy of the droplet was converted into surface energy and internal energy dissipation after it impacted the surface. The residual energy made the droplet to recoil and influenced the bouncing height. The contact diameter and bouncing height characterized the energy level of the surface, and determined the surface energies of the copolymer/water/air system as well as the wettability. Finally, the adhesion and repulsion of water droplet on different surface at the times of establish contact, maximum contact diameter, and maximum bouncing height were compared. This work was helpful for us to further understand and control the adhesive force and the repulsive force on the porous and pincushion structure films. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45476.
Monolayer and bilayer graphene on polydimethylsiloxane as a composite membrane for gas‐barrier applications
Authors: Paraense Mariana Ogando , da Cunha Thiago Henrique Rodrigues , Ferlauto Andre Santarosa , de Souza Figueiredo Kátia Cecília 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTWe report the preparation of centimeter‐scale composite membranes formed by monolayer or bilayer graphene and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Graphene was synthesized on copper foils by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and two methods for transferring the graphene layers from the Cu to the PDMS were tested. The method based on the use of poly(methyl methacrylate) as a sacrificial support layer was more effective in producing membranes with significant gas‐barrier properties, in which the gas permeability values for CO2 and N2 were reduced by up to 30% as compared to blank PDMS membranes. Raman spectroscopy maps and atomic force microscopy revealed that, on the microscopic scale, graphene is preserved upon transfer, but the presence of extended defects such as folds and tears still limits further increases in the composite barrier properties. The deleterious effect of such defects is reduced by using more than one graphene layer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45521.
Two millennia of mollusc foraging on Ebon Atoll, Marshall Islands: Sustained marine resource use on a Pacific atoll
Authors: HARRIS MATTHEW , WEISLER MARSHALL 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTSmall, remote islands, such as low coral atolls, with nutrient‐poor, biogenic soils for food crops and vulnerability to extreme weather, have long been considered marginal environments for human habitation. Yet, four decades of archaeological research in the atoll archipelago of the Marshall Islands, eastern Micronesia have demonstrated sustained human occupation there for over two millennia. Here, we present a fine‐grained analysis of mollusc remains from four recently excavated archaeological sites (4476 total MNI / 14843 total NISP) combined with mapping and analysis of extant benthic habitats, on Ebon Atoll, Marshall Islands. We examine spatial and temporal variability in mollusc foraging practices from prehistoric village sites and ephemeral camp sites across the windward–leeward exposure gradient. Our analysis demonstrates that foragers targeted a rich assemblage of taxa from different habitats, reflecting a foraging strategy that was adapted to local environmental conditions. Human foraging over 2000 years documented no observable human impacts to molluscs or nearshore intertidal marine ecosystems, challenging previous notions of atolls as marginal, exceptionally difficult settings for human habitation.
Photophysics, Electrochemistry, Morphology, and Bioimaging Applications of New 1,8‐Naphthalimide Derivatives Containing Different Chromophores
Authors: Saini Ankita , Thomas K. R. Justin , Sachdev Abhay , Gopinath Packirisamy 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA series of 1,8‐naphthalimide‐based fluorophores containing different chromophores with varying conjugation and electron richness at the imidic nitrogen atom are synthesized and characterized. These amine‐functionalized naphthalimides are bipolar in nature and exhibit interesting optical and morphological variations attributable to the nature of the N substituents. Despite the fact that the dyes are structurally different owing to variation of the substituent on the imidic nitrogen atom, their electronic characteristics are similar and originate from the 4‐aminonaphthalimide segment. Nevertheless, they exhibit variations in morphology in the microscopic domain, and this is attributable to structural differences. Further, these fluorescent dyes display biocompatibility and are used in the bioimaging of cells.
Macrocycles All Aflutter: Substitution at an Allylic Center Reveals the Conformational Dynamics of [13]‐Macrodilactones
Authors: Rutledge Kelli M. , Hamlin Trevor A. , Baldisseri Donna M. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Peczuh Mark W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe shapes adopted by large‐ring macrocyclic compounds play a role in their reactivity and their ability to be bound by biomolecules. We investigated the synthesis, conformational analysis, and properties of a specific family of [13]‐macrodilactones as models of natural‐product macrocycles. The features of our macrodilactones enabled us to study the relationship between stereogenic centers and planar chirality through the modular synthesis of new members of this family of macrocycles. Here we report on insights gained from a new [13]‐macrodilactone that is substituted at a position adjacent to the alkene in the molecule. Analysis of the compound, in comparison to an α‐substituted regioisomer, by using X‐ray crystallography, NMR coupling constants, and reaction‐product characterization in concert with computational chemistry, revealed that the alkene unit is dynamic. That is, the data support a model in which the alkene in our [13]‐macrodilactones oscillates between two conformations. A difference in reactivity of one conformation compared to the other leads to manifestation of this dynamic behavior. The results underscore the local conformational dynamics observed in some natural‐product macrocycles, which could have implications for biomolecule binding.
Combination of traditional mutation and metabolic engineering to enhance ansamitocin P‐3 production in Actinosynnema pretiosum
Authors: Du Zhi‐Qiang , Zhang Yuan , Qian Zhi‐Gang , Xiao Han , Zhong Jian‐Jiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAnsamitocin P‐3 (AP‐3) is a maytansinoid with its most compelling antitumor activity, however, the low production titer of AP‐3 greatly restricts its wide commercial application. In this work, a combinatorial approach including random mutation and metabolic engineering was conducted to enhance AP‐3 biosynthesis in Actinosynnema pretiosum. First, a mutant strain M was isolated by N‐methyl‐N'‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine mutation, which could produce AP‐3 almost threefold that of wild type (WT) in 48 deep‐well plates. Then, by overexpressing key biosynthetic genes asmUdpg and asm13‐17 in the M strain, a further 60% increase of AP‐3 production in 250‐ml shake flasks was achieved in the engineered strain M‐asmUdpg:asm13‐17 compared to the M strain, and its maximum AP‐3 production reached 582.7 mg/L, which is the highest as ever reported. Both the gene transcription levels and intracellular intermediate concentrations in AP‐3 biosynthesis pathway were significantly increased in the M and M‐asmUdpg:asm13‐17 during fermentation compared to the WT. The good fermentation performance of the engineered strain was also confirmed in a lab‐scale bioreactor. This work demonstrated that combination of random mutation and metabolic engineering could promote AP‐3 biosynthesis and might be helpful for increasing the production of other industrially important secondary metabolites.
Histone deacetylase 11 suppresses p53 expression in pituitary tumor cells
Authors: Wang Weimin , Fu Li , Li Shengli , Xu Zhiming , Li Xingang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe pathogenesis of pituitary tumors (PT) is unclear. Deregulation of apoptosis is one of the factors involving tumor growth. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) have an active role in multiple cellular activities. This study aims to investigate the role of HDAC in the interference with apoptosis in PT. In this study, PT samples were collected from 20 patients after surgery. The expression of HDAC and p53 was analyzed in the PT samples. PT cell line, AtT‐20 cells, was cultured to test the role of HDAC in the regulation of apoptosis in PT cells. The results showed that the high levels of HDAC11 and lower levels of p53 were detected in PT. A negative correlation was detected between the data of HDAC11 and p53. A complex of HDAC11 and HEY1, the gene transcription factor of p53, was detected in the PT cells. Less acetylated HEY1 was found in the PT cells. In addition, lower levels of HEY1 and the gene transcription activities were detected at the PT53 promoter locus. This phenomenon was mimicked by overexpression of HDAC11 in AtT‐20 cells. Knockdown of HDAC11 enhanced the p53 expression in AtT‐20 cells. In conclusion, HDAC11 interferes with p53 expression in PT cells. The fact suggests that inhibition of HDAC11 has therapeutic potential in the treatment of PT.
Differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells into neuronal by resveratrol
Authors: Geng Ya‐Wei , Zhang Zhen , Liu Ming‐Yue , Hu Wei‐Ping 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been proposed as a promising source of stem cells in nerve regeneration due to their close embryonic origin and ease of harvest. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenolic and possesses many biological functions such as anti‐inflammatory activity and protection against atherosclerosis and neuroprotective activities. There is increasing evidence showing that RSV plays a pivotal role in neuron protection and neuronal differentiation. In this study, we isolated DPSCs from impacted third molars and investigated whether RSV induces neuronal differentiation of DPSCs. To avoid loss of DPSCs multipotency, all the experiments were conducted on cells at early passages. RT‐PCR results showed that RSV‐treated DPSCs (RSV‐DPSCs) significantly increased the expression of the neuroprogenitor marker Nestin. When RSV‐DPSCs were differentiated with neuronal induction media (RSV‐dDPSCs), they showed a cell morphology similar to neurons. The expression of neuronal‐specific marker genes Nestin, Musashi, and NF‐M in RSV‐dDPSCs was significantly increased. Immunocytochemical staining and Western blot analysis showed that the expression of neuronal marker proteins, Nestin, and NF‐M, was significantly increased in RSV‐dDPSCs. Therefore, we have shown that RSV treatment, along with the use of neuronal induction media, effectively promotes neuronal cell differentiation of DPSCs.
Mesoporous and Skeletal Molybdenum Carbide for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Diatomite‐type Structure and Formation Mechanism
Authors: Wang Yangxia , Shi Zhangping , Mo Qijie , Gao Boxu , Liu Bolun , Wang Lei , Zhang Yahong , Gao Qingsheng , Tang Yi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Yi Tang from Fudan University (China) and Qingsheng Gao from Jinan University (China). The image shows the mesoporous and skeletal molybdenum carbide composed of Mo2C–MoC for an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201700378.