bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of resistance training to near volitional failure on motor unit recruitment during neuromuscular fatigue
Authors: Beausejour Jonathan P. , Knowles Kevan S. , Pagan Jason I. , Rodriguez Juan P. , Sheldon Daniel , Ruple Bradley A. , Plotkin Daniel L. , Smith Morgan A. , Godwin Joshua S. , Sexton Casey L. , McIntosh Mason C. , Kontos Nicholas J. , Libardi Cleiton A. , Young Kaelin , Roberts Michael D. , Stock Matt S. 
Published: October 2024

Background
It is unclear whether chronically training close to volitional failure influences motor unit recruitment strategies during fatigue.

Purpose
We compared resistance training to near volitional failure vs. non-failure on individual motor unit action potential amplitude (MUAP) and surface electromyographic excitation (sEMG) during fatiguing contractions.

Methods
Nineteen resistance-trained adults (11 males, 8 females) underwent 5 weeks (3×/week) of either low repetitions-in-reserve (RIR; 0–1 RIR) or high RIR training (4–6 RIR). Before and after the intervention, participants performed isometric contractions of the knee extensors at 30% of maximal peak torque until exhaustion while vastus lateralis sEMG signals were recorded and later decomposed. MUAP and sEMG excitation for the vastus lateralis were quantified at the beginning, middle, and end of the fatigue assessment.

Results
Both training groups improved time-to-task failure (mean change = 43.3 s, 24.0%), with no significant differences between low and high RIR training groups (low RIR = 28.7%, high RIR = 19.4%). Our fatigue assessment revealed reduced isometric torque steadiness and increased MUAP amplitude and sEMG excitation during the fatiguing task, but these changes were consistent between groups.

Conclusion
Both low and high RIR training improved time-to-task failure, but resulted in comparable motor unit recruitment during fatiguing contractions. Our findings indicate that both low and high RIR training can be used to enhance fatiguability among previously resistance-trained adults.
Knowledge, Awareness and Attitude of Pharm.D. Students on Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Report
Authors: Velmani Vaishnavi , Radhakrishnan Sriram , S N John Felix , Dorairajan Sureshkumar 
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) is a strategy to optimize antimicrobials and prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Pharm.D. students are future Clinical pharmacists who play a key role in promoting rational use and implementing AMS programs. Only a few studies about their knowledge, awareness and attitude regarding AMS exist. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the middle of December 2023, among Pharm.D. students of different academic years from three Pharmacy colleges and Pharm.D. graduates in South India. The survey was conducted online using a validated questionnaire and Pharm.D. students audited the results under the guidance of an Infectious disease specialist. The survey comprised 17 questions covering demographic information, AMS knowledge, attitude and awareness questionnaires. This study included a total of 190 respondents. However, only 32.11% reported having participated in any AMS activity during their period of pharmacy education. Pharm.D. students have a positive attitude (72.48%) and optimal awareness (65.13%) but they lack sufficient knowledge (45.19%) towards AMS, specifically regarding surgical prophylaxis and antibiotic allergy testing. It serves as a valuable resource for educators, policymakers and stakeholders involved in shaping the curricula of Pharm.D. programs to enhance the training and preparedness of students in AMS practices. In the future, AMS education programs should target not only clinicians but also Pharm.D. students and interns.
Epidemiological Study of Downy Mildew Disease of Opium Poppy
Authors: Mishra Ram Suman , Vats Sudhanshu 
Published: October 2024

The downy mildew caused by Peronosporaspp is a major disastrous disease of many plant species. The symptoms of downy mildew disease incidence on opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) were collected in three years from 2019-20 to 2021-22 for prediction of weather parameters on the progression of downy mildew disease. The downy mildew disease initiation was recorded in the 52nd SMW (10.0%DMI) when the maximum temperature was 19.430C. At 3rd SMW, the maximum temperature dropped 17.330C and DMI reached up to 20.00 percent depicting the progression and spread of downy mildew disease in opium poppy with the decrease of maximum temperature. The maximum disease incidence was recorded 92.53 percent in 10th SMW when maximum and minimum temperature were 29.030C and 13.530C. Regression analysis between dependent variable downy mildew disease incidence Vs. independent variables (viz., rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity) showed that all the weather parameters contributed more than 85 percent variation (R2 = 0.869, 0.957, 0.859) in the downy mildew incidence of opium poppy. One unit change of maximum temperature, minimum temperature (1.00c), maximum and minimum relative humidity (1.0%) might cause to change 0.128, 0.70, 0.117 0.130 units in downy mildew incidence, respectively.
Variability of Physical Parameters of Different Cultivar in Jackfruit
Authors: Uikey Ashwini , Pawar Amruta , Ningot Ekta P. , Thakre Pallavi 
Published: October 2024

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is an important and indigenous fruit crop of India therefore present investigation was carried out with the aim to evaluate performance different jackfruit cultivars in vidharbha region at Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during 2016-17. Experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design with thirteen different genotypes of jackfruits viz., AKJF-1 (Akot jackfruit -1), AKJF-2 (Akot jackfruit -2), AKJF-3 (Akot jackfruit -3), AKJF-4 (Akot jackfruit -4) AKJF-5 (Akot jackfruit -5), AKLJF-6 (Akola jackfruit -6), GDJF-7 (Gadchiroli jackfruit -7), GDJF-8 (Gadchiroli jackfruit -8), GDJF-9 (Gadchiroli jackfruit -9), GDJF-10 (Gadchiroli jackfruit -10), GDJF-11 (Gadchiroli jackfruit -11), GDJF-12 (Gadchiroli jackfruit -12) and GDJF-13(Gadchiroli jackfruit -13) which were replicated thrice. The results revealed that, maximum rag weight per fruit (1.86 kg), highest bulb weight (30.3 g), highest weight of flake (22.2 g) and highest seed weight (10.71g) as observed in the fruits of genotype GDJF-12 whereas maximum seeds weight per fruit (0.81 kg) and number of bulbs per fruit. (159.33) was found in the genotype GDJF-13.
Quantification of multiple waterborne pathogens in drinking water, drainage channels, and surface water in Kampala, Uganda, during seasonal variation
Authors: Sadik Nora J. , Uprety Sital , Nalweyiso Amina , Kiggundu Nicholas , Banadda Noble E. , Shisler Joanna L. , Nguyen Thanh H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLongitudinal water quality monitoring is important for understanding seasonal variations in water quality, waterborne disease transmission, and future implications for climate change and public health. In this study, microfluidic quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MFQPCR) was used to quantify genes from pathogens commonly associated with human intestinal infections in water collected from protected springs, a public tap, drainage channels, and surface water in Kampala, Uganda, from November 2014 to May 2015. The differences in relative abundance of genes during the wet and dry seasons were also assessed. All water sources tested contained multiple genes from pathogenic microorganisms, with drainage channels and surface waters containing a higher abundance of genes as compared to protected spring and the public tap water. Genes detected represented the presence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and enterovirus. There was an increased presence of pathogenic genes in drainage channels during the wet season when compared to the dry season. In contrast, surface water and drinking water sources contained little seasonal variation in the quantity of microbes assayed. These results suggest that individual water source types respond uniquely to seasonal variability and that human interaction with contaminated drainage waters, rather than direct ingestion of contaminated water, may be a more important contributor to waterborne disease transmission. Furthermore, future work in monitoring seasonal variations in water quality should focus on understanding the baseline influences of any one particular water source given their unique complexities.
SAPS/SAID revisited: A causal relation to the substorm current wedge
Authors: Mishin Evgeny , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Foster John 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe present multispacecraft observations of enhanced flow/electric field channels in the inner magnetosphere and conjugate subauroral ionosphere, i.e., subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) near dusk and subauroral ion drifts (SAID) near midnight. The channels collocate with ring current (RC) injections lagging the onset of substorms by a few to ∼20 min, i.e., significantly shorter than the gradient‐curvature drift time of tens of keV ions. The time lag is of the order of the propagation time of reconnection‐injected hot plasma jets to the premidnight plasmasphere and the substorm current wedge (SCW) to dusk. The observations confirm and expand on the previous results on the SAID features that negate the paradigm of voltage and current generators. Fast‐time duskside SAPS/RC injections appear intimately related to a two‐loop circuit of the substorm current wedge (SCW2L). We suggest that the poleward electric field inherent in the SCW2L circuit, which demands closure of the Region 1 and Region 2 sense field‐aligned currents via meridional currents, is the ultimate cause of fast RC injections and SAPS on the duskside.
MAVEN observations of the Mars upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and solar wind interactions
Authors: Jakosky Bruce M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission to Mars has been operating in orbit for more than a full Martian year. Observations are dramatically changing our view of the Mars upper atmosphere system, which includes the upper atmosphere, ionosphere, coupling to the lower atmosphere, magnetosphere, and interactions with the Sun and the solar wind. The data are allowing us to understand the processes controlling the present‐day structure of the upper atmosphere and the rates of escape of gas to space. These will tell us the role that escape to space has played in the evolution of the Mars atmosphere and climate.
Feature extraction of climate variability, seasonality, and long‐term change signals in persistent organic pollutants over the Arctic and the Great Lakes
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Wang Li , Huang Tao , Mo Jingyue , Zhang Xiaodong , Gao Hong , Ma Jianmin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe explored the interactions between climate variability and measured persistent organic pollutants (POPs) data in the frequency domain. The spectrum analysis identifies a power period of 1.5 to 7 years in sampled POPs data in the Great Lakes (GL) and Arctic in the 1990s to 2000s, coinciding with the power period of two climate variabilities, the North Atlantic Oscillation and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Results also reveal a decadal power period in monitored POPs time series, which is associated with air temperature and climate indices, demonstrating the connection between the dominant long‐term trend in sampled POPs data and climate change. We used a “cocktail party effect” and Fast Independent Component Analysis approaches to blindly separate and isolate the signals in POPs time series from different dynamic and environmental processes in the Arctic and the GL. Among seasonal, interannual, and decadal or longer‐term signals extracted from sampled POPs concentration data, the climate signals in hexachlorobenzene in the GL are associated with air temperature, El Niño–Southern Oscillation indices, and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The signals in α‐hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and polychlorinated biphenyls observations at three Arctic sites correspond to a Niño 3.4 and the NAO. The other two signals are associated with the longer term and seasonal cycle of POPs. We show that the seasonal cycle and climate change are important factors, buffering the declining trend of α‐HCH. The signals feature extraction from POPs historical data provides a tool to deconstruct the POPs time series and enhance our understanding of the potential effects of climate variations on POPs environmental cycling.
Technical note: TROG 15.01 SPARK trial multi‐institutional imaging dose measurement
Authors: Legge Kimberley , Greer Peter B. , Keall Paul J. , Booth Jeremy T. , Arumugam Sankar , Moodie Trevor , Nguyen Doan T. , Martin Jarad , O'Connor Daryl John , Lehmann Joerg 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeThe Trans‐Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG) 15.01 Stereotactic Prostate Adaptive Radiotherapy utilizing Kilovoltage intrafraction monitoring (SPARK) trial is a multicenter trial using Kilovoltage Intrafraction Monitoring (KIM) to monitor prostate position during the delivery of prostate radiation therapy. KIM increases the accuracy of prostate radiation therapy treatments and allows for hypofractionation. However, an additional imaging dose is delivered to the patient. A standardized procedure to determine the imaging dose per frame delivered using KIM was developed and applied at four radiation therapy centers on three different types of linear accelerator.MethodsDose per frame for kilovoltage imaging in fluoroscopy mode was measured in air at isocenter using an ion chamber. Beam quality and dose were determined for a Varian Clinac iX linear accelerator, a Varian Trilogy, four Varian Truebeams and one Elekta Synergy at four different radiation therapy centers. The imaging parameters used on the Varian machines were 125 kV, 80 mA, and 13 ms. The Elekta machine was measured at 120 kV, 80 mA, and 12 ms. Absorbed doses to the skin and the prostate for a typical SBRT prostate treatment length were estimated according to the IPEMB protocol.ResultsThe average dose per kV frame to the skin was 0.24 ± 0.03 mGy. The average estimated absorbed dose to the prostate for all five treatment fractions across all machines measured was 39.9 ± 2.6 mGy for 1 Hz imaging, 199.7 ± 13.2 mGy for 5 Hz imaging and 439.3 ± 29.0 mGy for 11 Hz imaging.ConclusionsAll machines measured agreed to within 20%. Additional dose to the prostate from using KIM is at most 1.3% of the prescribed dose of 36.25 Gy in five fractions delivered during the trial.
An Additive Millimeter‐Scale Fabrication Method for Soft Biocompatible Actuators and Sensors
Authors: Russo Sheila , Ranzani Tommaso , Walsh Conor J. , Wood Robert J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA hybrid manufacturing paradigm is introduced that combines pop‐up book microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) manufacturing with soft‐lithographic techniques to produce millimeter‐scale mechanisms with embedded sensing and user‐defined distributed compliance. This method combines accuracy, flexibility in material selection, scalability, and topological complexity with soft, biocompatible materials and microfluidics, paving the way for applications of soft fluid‐powered biomedical robotics. This paper proposes two classes of fully soft fluidic microactuators and two integration strategies to demonstrate the hybrid soft pop‐up actuators. Fatigue properties, blocked torque, maximum deflection, stiffness, and maximum speed are analyzed and the performance of the hybrid mechanisms is compared to their fully soft counterparts. The manufacturing approach allows integrating capacitive sensing elements in the mechanisms to achieve proprioceptive actuation. Multiple hybrid soft pop‐up actuators are combined into a multiarticulated robotic arm that is integrated with current flexible endoscopes to improve distal dexterity and enable tissue retraction in an ex vivo proof of concept experiment.
C−H Activation from Iron(II)‐Nitroxido Complexes
Authors: Kleinlein Claudia , Bendelsmith Andrew J. , Zheng Shao‐Liang , Betley Theodore A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe reaction of nitroxyl radicals TEMPO (2,2′,6,6′‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl) and AZADO (2‐azaadamantane‐N‐oxyl) with an iron(I) synthon affords iron(II)‐nitroxido complexes (ArL)Fe(κ1‐TEMPO) and (ArL)Fe(κ2‐N,O‐AZADO) (ArL=1,9‐(2,4,6‐Ph3C6H2)2‐5‐mesityldipyrromethene). Both high‐spin iron(II)‐nitroxido species are stable in the absence of weak C−H bonds, but decay via N−O bond homolysis to ferrous or ferric iron hydroxides in the presence of 1,4‐cyclohexadiene. Whereas (ArL)Fe(κ1‐TEMPO) reacts to give a diferrous hydroxide [(ArL)Fe]2(μ‐OH)2, the reaction of four‐coordinate (ArL)Fe(κ2‐N,O‐AZADO) with hydrogen atom donors yields ferric hydroxide (ArL)Fe(OH)(AZAD). Mechanistic experiments reveal saturation behavior in C−H substrate and are consistent with rate‐determining hydrogen atom transfer.
Synthesis of Pinpoint‐Fluorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Benzene Ring Extension Cycle Involving Microwave‐Assisted SNAr Reaction
Authors: Fuchibe Kohei , Imaoka Hisanori , Ichikawa Junji 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFluoroarenes bearing no electron‐withdrawing groups (non‐activated fluoroarenes) readily underwent nucleophilic aromatic substitution with α‐cyanocarbanions under microwave irradiation. The sequence (i) formylalkylation involving the cyanoalkylation of fluoroarenes, (ii) difluorovinylidenation, and (iii) Friedel–Crafts‐type cyclization, afforded extended fluoroarenes by one benzene ring per cycle. Furthermore, the performance of multiple cycles successfully provided higher‐order pinpoint‐fluorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (F‐PAHs).
Efficient [Cu(NHC)]‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyrroles
Authors: Dang Tuan Thanh , Seayad Abdul Majeed 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEfficient [Cu(NHC)]‐catalyzed syntheses of pyrroles via two and three‐component coupling methods are described. Various 1,2‐, 1,2,3‐, 1,2,3,5‐ and fully substituted pyrroles were readily accessible through a suitable choice of ketone, primary amine and diol in a three‐component reaction. The N‐unsubstituted pyrrole formation is also feasible through a two‐component reaction involving a β‐amino alcohol and a ketone.
Population‐based case–control study of the association between weather‐related extreme heat events and neural tube defects
Authors: Soim Aida , Lin Shao , Sheridan Scott C. , Hwang Syni‐An , Hsu Wan‐Hsiang , Luben Thomas J. , Shaw Gary M. , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Romitti Paul A. , Reefhuis Jennita , Langlois Peter H. , Browne Marilyn L. ,   The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: August 2017

BackgroundElevated body core temperature has been shown to have teratogenic effects in animal studies. Our study evaluated the association between weather‐related extreme heat events (EHEs) in the summer season and neural tube defects (NTDs), and further investigated whether pregnant women with a high pregestational body mass index (BMI) have a greater risk of having a child with NTDs associated with exposure to EHE than women with a normal BMI.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based case‐control study among mothers of infants with NTDs and mothers of infants without major birth defects, who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and had at least 1 day of the third or fourth week postconception during summer months. EHEs were defined using the 95th and the 90th percentiles of the daily maximum universal apparent temperature. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using unconditional logistic regression models with Firth's penalized likelihood method while controlling for other known risk factors.ResultsOverall, we did not observe a significant association between EHEs and NTDs. At the climate region level, consistently elevated but not statistically significant estimates were observed for at least 2 consecutive days with daily universal apparent maximum temperature above the 95th percentile of the UATmax distribution for the season, year, and weather monitoring station in New York (Northeast), North Carolina and Georgia (Southeast), and Iowa (Upper Midwest). No effect modification by BMI was observed.ConclusionEHEs occurring during the relevant developmental window of embryogenesis do not appear to appreciably affect the risk of NTDs. Future studies should refine exposure assessment, and more completely account for maternal activities that may modify the effects of weather exposure. Birth Defects Research 109:1482–1493, 2017.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic alterations of IDH1 and Vegf in brain tumors
Authors: Veganzones Silvia , de la Orden Virginia , Requejo Lucía , Mediero Beatriz , González María Luisa , del Prado Náyade , Rodríguez García Carmen , Gutiérrez‐González Raquel , Pérez‐Zamarrón Alvaro , Martínez Armando , Maestro Marisa L. , Zimman Horacio Mario , González‐Neira Anna , Vaquero Jesús , Rodríguez‐Boto Gregorio 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluates the presence of R132H mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) gene and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) +936 C/T polymorphism in brain tumors. The impact of these genetic alterations on overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) was evaluated.MethodsA cohort of 80 patients surgically treated at Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, between March 2004 and November 2012, was analyzed. Tumors were distributed in 73 primary brain tumors (gliomas, meningiomas, hemangiopericytomas and hemangioblastomas) and seven secondary tumors evolved from a low grade glioma, thus providing a mixed sample.ResultsIDH1R132H gene mutation was found in 12 patients (15%) and appears more frequently in secondary tumors (5 (71.4%) whereas in 7 (9.7%) primary tumors (p < .001)). The mutation is related to WHO grade II in primary tumors and a supratentorial location in secondary tumors. The OS analysis for IDH1 showed a tendency towards a better prognosis of the tumors containing the mutation (p = .059).The IDH1R132H mutation confers a better PFS (p = .025) on primary tumors. The T allele of VEFG +936 C/T polymorphism was found in 16 patients (20%). No relation was found between this polymorphism and primary or secondary tumor, neither with OS or PFS.ConclusionsIDH1R132H gene mutation is exclusive in supratentorial tumors and more frequent in secondary ones, with a greater survival trend and better PFS in patients who carry it. The T allele of VEGF +936 C/T polymorphism is more common in primary tumors, although there is no statistical relation with survival.