bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Non-Permanent Tonic Pupil in Rheumatoid Arteritis
Authors: Victor David I. , Green W. Richard , Stark Walter J. , Walsh Frank B. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY:A 76-year-old male with a severely deforming rheumatoid arthritis, eosinophilic!, polymyositis, and episcleritis developed a transient tonic pupil. The episcleritis, and a muscle biopsy revealing an occlusive arteritis with eosinophilia, suggest that a widespread rheumatoid arteritis caused a reversible ischemic insult to the ciliary ganglion and thus created a transient denervation of the pupil.
Design of the Investigation
Authors: Barbeau A. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY:The general outline of the complete prospective study of 50 cases of spino-cerebellar degeneration is given. The general protocol followed, the criteria for inclusion and the mode of analysis are described. The aim of this study was to establish a base of clinical, physiological and biochemical facts upon which a logical and systematic approach to pathogenesis and treatment of Friedreich's ataxia could be attempted.
Intellectual Performance in Multi-Infarct Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease A Replication Study
Authors: Perez Francisco I. , Stump David A. , Gay Joe R.A. , Hart Vicki R. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY:A consistent feature in dementia is an overall intellectual deterioration. The present study investigated the intellectual performance of patients with Alzeheimer's disease (AD) and multi-infarct dementia (MID) using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). For reliability and generality purposes two independent samples of patients were collected. Significant differences in Education Level (EDU) and Performance IQ (PIQ) were obtained for the first sample, with the AD group having a significantly higher EDU level. The MID group obtained a higher PIQ. No significant differences were found in the second sample, but EDU level approached significance with the AD group again having a higher EDU level. A discriminant function analysis classified 81% of the patients in the first sample and 100% diagnostic accuracy was obtained for the second sample using the II predictor variables. A maximum R stepwise regression was performed in order to detect the “best” model of variables discriminating between the diagnostic groups. For the first sample the “best” model was the two variable model, including EDU and Full Scale IQ, accounting for 40% of the variance. The simplest model for the second sample was the one variable model including EDU, accounting for 20% of the variance. Quantitative, differences were found between the AD samples. Time since onset of the disease was offered as a possible influence in the quantitative differences in the AD samples. Sampling biases in the behavioral study of dementia are discussed. Successful replication was obtained.
Congenital Intraspinal Extradural Cysts (Intraspinal Meningocele)
Authors: Parkinson Dwight , Chaudhuri A. , Shwartz I. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY:A case of congenital, intraspinal, extradural cyst is reported with pain as the only presenting feature. In the past, the lack of pain has been considered one of the characteristics of these rare lesions. In other reported cases, when pain has been present, it was minimal and never the presenting feature. The clinical and radiographic features and the surgical treatment are described. The pathogenesis is discussed and the literature reviewed. An addition to the surgical technique is given whereby one of the post operative complications may be obviated.
Computer Tomography in Disseminated Sclerosis
Authors: Warren K.G. , Ball M.J. , Paty D.W. , Banna M. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY:A case is reported where the appearance of acute, diffuse, disseminated sclerosis on computer tomography (Ct scan) is described and the literature is reviewed. This disease may give rise to multiple, small areas of diminished X-ray absorption which may decrease in size during the course of the disease. The histological features of one of the lesions was correlated with the radiological findings. It is suggested that, perhaps, only during the active stage of demyelination can the lesions be detected on the Ct scan.
Dual Dorsal Columns: A Review
Authors: Beck Charles H. M. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY:Recent evidence indicates that Wall (1970) may have been premature in concluding that dorsal column lesions produce no discernable sensory defects. Much of the negative evidence Wall presented to support this view is inconclusive. In addition several studies have reported significant sensory deficits in animals with severed dorsal columns. On the other hand, the literature strongly supports Wall's view that dorsal column lesions cause motor disturbances. A review of the anatomical and electrophysiological literature reveals growing evidence for the dissociation of two major subsystems relaying in the dorsal column nuclei. The possible functions of these two systems are discussed.
Von Hippel-Lindau's Disease
Authors: Miller Robert G. , Porter Roger J. , Nielsen Surl L. , Hosobuchi Hoshio 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY:A patient with Von Hippel-Lindau's disease was followed from the time of diagnosis to the time of his death 13 years later. He was asymptomatic when the diagnosis was made, although a hemangioblastoma of the medulla was found on angiography. The patient's course and autopsy are described and the features of this disease are reviewed.
Computerized Transaxial Tomography: Its Role in the Post-Operative Tumor Case
Authors: Wortzman G. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY:The role of computerized transaxial tomography (CTT) of the brain in 100 post-operative tumor cases is assessed. CTT proves an accurate method of determining tumor recurrence and in evaluating such complications as intracerebral hemorrhage, subdural or extradural hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, hydrocephalus and shunt patency. Its accuracy decreases the need for interventional procedures. Its usefulness may be limited by the presence of metal clips or plates, by radio-opaque contrast media or intracranial air.
Transient Responses of Rabbit Retinal Ganglion Cells to Photic and Electrical Stimuli
Authors: Molotchnikoff S. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY:The relationships between the center and the surround of the receptive field of the rabbit retinal ganglion cell were investigated. This was done by coupling localized light spots and electrical activation of the retina and by analyzing the time of the excitatory and inhibitory periods. The responsiveness to the electrical transretinal pulse revealed a) that ON stimulation in OFF-center cells and OFF stimulation in ON-center cells, elicited a primary period of inhibition with a short latency; b) the long latency response of surround stimulation was not preceded by an inhibitory period unless the center was simultaneously stimulated in the same direction; c) a transient response to a stationary spot of light is followed by a period of inhibition. These results are discussed in relation to the known cellular retinal networks.
Indomethacin is Effective Against Neurogenic Hyperthermia Following Cranial Trauma or Brain Surgery
Authors: Benedek G. , Tóth-Daru P. , Janáky J. , Hortobágyi A. , Obál F. , Colner-Sasi K. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:The effectiveness of indomethacin treatment (1 mg/kg) as an antipyretic was tested in patients after cranial trauma or brain surgery involving the centromedial forebrain. Indomethacin was effective in reducing temperature in 10 of 11 cases which showed a dipyrone-resistant hyperthermia developing in the first 24 hours after brain damage, while no significant antipyretic effect was seen in hyperthermic cases developing more than 72 hours after cranial trauma or brain surgery. Biochemical tests estimating the effect of indomethacin, and pyrazolone derivatives on the arachidonic acid metabolism showed significant effects of indomethacin only in influencing cyclooxygenase activity and no effect of any drugs on lipoxy — genase actions. In view of these observations, the use of indomethacin is recommended as a treatment for neurogenic hyperthermia.
Treatment of Paramyotonia Congenita with Acetazolamide
Authors: Benstead Timothy J. , Camfield Peter R. , King David B. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:Treatment of paramyotonia congenita with acetazolamide has been shown to reduce myotonic symptoms but severe weakness has developed in some patients leading to a recommendation not to use the drug in this disorder. We studied a patient with the characteristic clinical and electrophysiological profile of paramyotonia congenita. Myotonia was effectively treated with a very low dose of acetazolamide and no weakness developed. We conclude that acetazolamide can be a safe and effective medication in paramyotonia congenita.
Pseudoatrophy of the Brain with Valproic Acid Monotherapy
Authors: McLachlan Richard S. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:A patient is described who, while on valproic acid monotherapy, developed reversible shrinkage of the brain, documented by computerized tomography with associated cognitive deficit. Although pseudoatrophy has been reported with steroid therapy, this is the first implication of an anticonvulsant drug in the etiology of that condition.
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus with Delayed Cerebral Infarction and Meningoencephalitis
Authors: Freedman Mark S. , Macdonald Ronald D. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:Herpes zoster ophthalmicus can be complicated by a delayed ipsilateral cerebral angiitis which may cause infarction and a smoldering meningoencephalitis. We describe such a case treated successfully with steroids and acyclovir. It is important to consider the diagnosis of this disorder early since therapeutic intervention may prevent an otherwise high morbidity and mortality. Steroids may have to be continued for some time after clinical resolution, using the ESR as a guideline for decreasing dosages.
Surgical Neuroangiography of Intracranial Vascular Malformations
Authors: Ter Brugge K.G. , Lasjaunias P. , Chiu M.C. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:In the three year period of 1982 to 1985, 152 patients with intracranial vascular malformations were referred to the Bicetre Hospital in Paris, France and the Toronto Western Hospital in Canada. Sixty-six patients with cerebral vascular malformations and 48 patients with dural vascular malformations underwent endovascular treatment. In 8 patients surgery was performed in combination with the embolization procedure. Detailed analysis of the angio-architecture of the vascular malformation reveals certain characteristics which may be of value in predicting the clinical outcome. Comprehensive data analysis and long term follow-up is necessary to assess the role of embolization in the treatment of intracranial vascular malformations.
Anterior Versus Posterior Decompression for Symptomatic Spinal Metastasis
Authors: Perrin R.G. , McBroom R.J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:Management of patients with symptomatic spinal metastasis is designed to (1) relieve pain, and (2) restore or preserve neurologic function. The surgical strategy must include provisions for decompression of the dural sac and nerve roots, and stabilization of the spinal column. The optimal surgical approach, whether from in front or from behind is determined by a number of factors including (1) tumour location, (2) spinal level, (3) fixation factors, (4) patient debility.
Management of Chronic Ventilatory Insufficiency with Electrical Diaphragm Pacing
Authors: Vanderlinden R. Graham , Epstein Stanley W. , Hyland Robert H. , Smythe Harley S. , Vanderlinden Loren D. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:We have had experience with diaphragm pacing in 24 patients at the Toronto Western Hospital. Fourteen patients have undergone bilateral implants to treat chronic ventilatory insufficiency (CVI) caused by traumatic tetraplegia at the C1/2 level (eight patients), neurogenic apnea (five) and one case of neonatal apnea. Unilateral stimulators for nocturnal pacing have been implanted in five patients with central alveolar hypoventilation (sleep apnea) and five patients who suffered CVI resulting from various etiologies. Of the patients who were ventilatory dependent, 80% were successfully weaned and in the entire series, 58% of the patients are living. Diaphragm pacing was successful in 67%, partially successful in 8% and ineffective in 25%. The major complications were: death by pneumonia, failure of the radio receivers, and infection. Diaphragm pacing is the treatment of choice for patients who are ventilator dependent and tetraplegic from upper cervical trauma or in some cases of neurogenic apnea; it may be life saving for patients who suffer central alveolar hypoventilation.
Novel Uses of EMG to Study Normal and Disordered Motor Control
Authors: Stein Richard B. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:The electromyogram (EMG) is unique in that it gives the output of a single class of neurons, o-motoneurons, in a way that can be readily recorded and studied in normal subjects as well as in patients with a variety of disorders. Although the EMG has been used for many years, new applications continue to be found. This paper reviews in succession four recent approaches to EMG recording that have provided insight into the function of the normal and the disordered nervous system.
Late Progression of Post-Encephalitic Parkinson's Syndrome
Authors: Calne Donald B. , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:We have studied 11 patients with neurological deficits due to the pandemic of encephalitis lethargica, all of whom had remained in hospital for more than forty years. Retrospective information obtained from physicians and nurses dating back as far as 1931, our own Webster and Northwestern University Disability Rating Scales available from 1976, photographic records, published narrative and hospital charts all indicate that neurological disabilities attributable to basal ganglia damage frequently increase in late life. Deterioration was most marked in motor function and largely spared the intellect, special senses and somatosensory system. The findings are discussed in relation to current hypotheses concerning the aetiology of Parkinson's disease.
The High Cost of Not Doing Neurological Research
Authors: Gibson William C. 
Published: July 2016

It is easy to imagine a new bumper sticker with the following message:“If you think medical research is expensive, try disease.” Specifically in today's context, it might well read:“If you think neurological research is expensive, try the diseases of the nervous system.”That is precisely what we are doing as a country - “trying disease”! Canada spends $36 billion per year on health care, or $700 million per month. Every hour Canada spends $4 million on "health care" and only $16,000 on medical research.
Abnormal Visual Adaptation to Flicker in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Raymond J.E. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:A visual psychophysical adaptation procedure was used on patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in an attempt to induce a temporary and local exacerbation of subclinical visual impairment. Using a flicker detection task, sensitivity before and after adaptation to a flickering stimulus was measured in 9 MS patients and 9 control subjects. Although only 22% of patient eyes had abnormal flicker sensitivity prior to adaptation, visual deficit was observed in 83% of eyes studied after adaptation. Of the 7 MS eyes studied for which no other sign or symptom of visual involvement was present, 5 were found to have visual deficits after flicker adaptation. In addition, 10 of the 11 eyes affected by MS showed an abnormal response to flicker adaptation. Recovery from the effects of adaptation was complete in all patients within 2 minutes. The results suggest that partial demyelination of visual pathway neurons may exist in patients without signs or symptoms of visual involvement. The prolonged stimulation provided during adaptation may produce a temporary fatiguing or conduction blockade of such neurons which may lead to reductions in sensory sensitivity.
Que savez-vous de Joseph Babinski?
Authors: Bélanger Claude 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:C'est avec une appréhension certaine que j'ai accepté le redoutable honneur d'être le conférencier cette année de la Société Canadienne de Neurologie dont je fais partie depuis trente ans.C'est avec la même appréhension que j'ai choisi d'évoquer certains aspects de la carrière d'un grand de I'histoire du 20e siècle des sciences neurologiques, Joseph Babinski.Je souhaite que vous soyiez indulgents à l'endroit de l'apprenti historien que je voudrais être.
Vascular Headache: A Presenting Symptom of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Freedman Mark S. , Gray Trevor A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:Vascular headache of migraine-type may be a presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), a condition usually not considered in the differential diagnosis of a severe headache accompanied by neurological signs. We reviewed records of 1,113 patients with MS seen from 1967-1987 and found 44 cases whose initial attack or subsequent exacerbations were heralded by a migraine-type headache. Twenty-seven patients had no prior history of migraine, and of these, 12 presented simultaneously with their first headache and MS attack. Twenty-three patients had symptoms of a posterior fossa mass lesion. The significance of these results and possible pathogenesis is discussed.
Sturge-Weber-Dimitri Disease: Role of Hemispherectomy in Prognosis
Authors: Oluwole Ogunmekan A. , Hwang Paul A. , Hoffman Harold J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:We report 12 patients with Sturge-Weber-Dimitri disease treated surgically between January 1975 and December 1987. Hemispherectomy was performed on ten, two others underwent occipital lobectomy for intractable seizures. All operations were performed between the ages of 3 months and 20 months, except in two at age 8 and 9 years. The onset of seizures in all was between 2 and 8 months of age, except for two at 15 months. There were no postoperative deaths. Postoperative shunt procedures were required in 3 out of 12 (25%). Postoperative seizure control for one year or more was achieved in 11 out of 12 patients. The remaining patient is on medication with no seizures, but follow-up is less than a year. Intellectual deterioration was not seen after surgery except in 2 patients who had late operations. We conclude that patients with Sturge-Weber-Dimitri syndrome who have intractable seizures in the first 6 months of life and unilateral hemispheric involvement should be considered for early resection of the involved hemisphere.
Isolated Basilar Artery Occlusion Associated with a Clivus Fracture
Authors: Guha Abhijit , Fazl Mahmood , Cooper Perry W. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:Most vascular injuries to the brain secondary to blunt head trauma involve the internal carotid circulation. A case of isolated basilar occlusion secondary to a clival fracture is described and compared to three other cases in the literature.
Partial Syndrome of Myotonic Dystrophy: Clinical Presentation and Follow-up
Authors: Mathieu Jean , Simard Marcel , De Braekeleer Marc , Boily Camil , Deschênes Aurèle 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:The neurological and ophthalmological investigation of 602 members of 88 Saguenay kindreds affected by myotonic dystrophy (MyD) revealed 130 persons with a partial syndrome. These patients, whose average age was 34.1 years, showed different abnormalities such as particular ophthalmic and/or neuro-muscular signs, suggesting MyD in the absence of myotonia or typical lens abnormalities. After an average period of 2,4 years, 44 of these 130 patients were reassessed by the same neurologists and ophthalmologists. Thirty still had a partial syndrome, 8 showed a typical form of MyD and 6 no longer presented any identifiable anomaly. This preliminary follow-up study of the partial MyD syndrome did not allow us to identify any clinical anomaly from which the presence of the MyD gene could be predicted in a significant way. It furthermore suggested that the identification of equivocal or unspecific signs among these patients can sometimes lead to misdiagnosis. This must be taken into account when providing genetic counselling. It furthermore indicates that the use of DNA probes is essential for a reliable identification of asymptomatic MyD gene carriers.
La dystrophie myotonique: I caractéristiques socio-économiques et résidentielles des malades
Authors: Perron Michel , Veillette Suzanne , Mathieu Jean 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:Myotonic Dystrophy: I Socio-Economic and Home-Environment Characteristics of the Patients. Myotonic dystrophy is a dominantly inherited genetic disorder which, in medical literature, has been linked to peculiar socio-economical conditions. In order to document this assertion, a sociological study was conducted in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region (Quebec), using a representative sample (N = 218) drawn from the myotonic dystrophy population. A study of the patients' places of residence was also carried out. The results clearly indicate that myotonic dystrophy patients exhibit a socio-economic profile associated with disadvantaged milieux: high unemployment, low income and limited schooling. Many of these patients must rely on social welfare. Two families out of five (42%) live beneath the poverty line. The wage-earning history of these persons is closely linked to their self-evaluation of their working capabilities. After the age of forty, a high proportion of these people are unable to hold down a paying job and claim they are unable to do so. Within a well-screened urban area, a study of the patients' places of residence indicates census tracts where myotonic dystrophy is concentrated (ecological niches). These social areas are close to the downtown area and display characteristics of disadvantaged milieux. Accordingly, the My D gene seems to be confined to a specific socio-economic and socio-geographical environment, through which the spread of the gene is channelled among the population.
Traumatic Brain Injury, Aging and Reaction Time
Authors: Stuss D.T. , Stethem L.L. , Picton T.W. , Leech E.E. , Pelchat G. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:The effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and aging were compared on tests of simple and complex reaction time (RT). Simple RT was not significantly affected by aging or TBI. TBI patients, however, tended to be slower on Simple RT tasks, and had a larger standard deviation. Individuals over age 60 and patients of any age with TBI demonstrated slower RT with choice RT tests. In addition, both groups (those over 60 and TBI patients) were less able than other groups to inhibit the processing of redundant information. For the TBI patients, this occurred primarily on reassessment. These results suggest that the deficit in both aging and TBI is not only a generalized neuronal slowing but a more specific impairment in attentional control processes, exhibited as a deficit in focused attention.
Objective Investigation of Visual Function Using a Nondestructive Zoom-FFT Technique for Evoked Potential Analysis
Authors: Regan M.P. , Regan D. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:We describe an ultra-high resolution technique for recording evoked potentials (EPs) that are thousands of times smaller than the total EEG power. We report that two superimposed visual stimulus patterns, one modulated at F1 Hz and the other at F2 Hz , can generate 20 or more EP frequency components, each of which is contained within a bandwidth of no more than 0.004 Hz. We have developed a theoretical method for calculating the amplitudes and phases of these various cross-modulation components for different arrangements of model neurons. The relative amplitude of the various cross-modulation components seems to be a 'signature' of the particular neural model and this offers a way of testing theoretical neural models against EP data. As an illustration we compare the nonlinear EP components evoked by dichoptic stimulation with unpatterned flickering light against several models of binocular interaction. These nonlinear binocular interaction terms may offer a means of investigating binocularity in amblyopic children or infants who have low acuity in one or both eyes.