bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disaster Preparedness for Vulnerable Persons Receiving In-Home, Long-Term Care in South Carolina
Authors: Laditka Sarah B. , Laditka James N. , Cornman Carol B. , Davis Courtney B. , Chandlee Maggi J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurpose:The purpose of this study was to examine how agencies in South Carolina that provide in-home health care and personal care services help older and/or disabled clients to prepare for disasters.The study also examines how agencies safeguard clients' records, train staff, and how they could improve their preparedness.Methods:The relevant research and practice literature was reviewed. Nine public officials responsible for preparedness for in-home health care and personal care services in South Carolina were interviewed. A telephone survey instrument was developed that was based on these interviews and the literature review. Administrators from 16 agencies that provide in-home personal care to 2,147 clients, and five agencies that provide in-home health care to 2,180 clients, were interviewed. Grounded theory analysis identified major themes in the resulting qualitative data; thematic analysis organized the content.Results:Federal regulations require preparedness for agencies providing inhome health care (“home health”). No analogous regulations were found for in-home personal care. The degree of preparedness varied substantially among personal care agencies. Most personal care agencies were categorized as “less” prepared or “moderately” prepared. The findings for agencies in both categories generally suggest lack of preparedness in: (1) identifying clients at high risk and assisting them in planning; (2) providing written materials and/or recommendations; (3) protecting records; (4) educating staff and clients; and (5) coordinating disaster planning and response across agencies. Home health agencies were better prepared than were personal care agencies.However, some home health administrators commented that they were unsure how well their plans would work during a disaster, given a lack of training. The majority of home health agency administrators spoke of a need for better coordination and/or more preparedness training.Conclusions:Agencies providing personal care and home health services would benefit from developing stronger linkages with their local preparedness systems. The findings support incorporating disaster planning in the certification requirements for home health agencies, and developing additional educational resources for administrators and staff of personal care agencies and their clients.
Distinct gene expression profile of Xanthomonas retroflexus engaged in synergistic multispecies biofilm formation
Authors: Hansen Lea Benedicte Skov , Ren Dawei , Burmølle Mette , Sørensen Søren J 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
It is well known that bacteria often exist in naturally formed multispecies biofilms. Within these biofilms, interspecies interactions seem to have an important role in ecological processes. Little is known about the effects of interspecies interactions on gene expression in these multispecies biofilms. This study presents a comparative gene expression analysis of the Xanthomonas retroflexus transcriptome when grown in a single-species biofilm and in dual- and four-species consortia with Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Microbacterium oxydans and Paenibacillus amylolyticus. The results revealed complex interdependent interaction patterns in the multispecies biofilms. Many of the regulated functions are related to interactions with the external environment and suggest a high phenotypic plasticity in response to coexistence with other species. Furthermore, the changed expression of genes involved in aromatic and branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis suggests nutrient cross feeding as a contributing factor for the observed synergistic biofilm production when these four species coexists in a biofilm.
Social image concerns promote cooperation more than altruistic punishment
Authors: Grimalda Gianluca , Pondorfer Andreas , Tracer David P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHuman cooperation is enigmatic, as organisms are expected, by evolutionary and economic theory, to act principally in their own interests. However, cooperation requires individuals to sacrifice resources for each other’s benefit. We conducted a series of novel experiments in a foraging society where social institutions make the study of social image and punishment particularly salient. Participants played simple cooperation games where they could punish non-cooperators, promote a positive social image or do so in combination with one another. We show that although all these mechanisms raise cooperation above baseline levels, only when social image alone is at stake do average economic gains rise significantly above baseline. Punishment, either alone or combined with social image building, yields lower gains. Individuals’ desire to establish a positive social image thus emerges as a more decisive factor than punishment in promoting human cooperation.
A protein-truncating R179X variant in RNF186 confers protection against ulcerative colitis
Authors: Rivas Manuel A. , Graham Daniel , Sulem Patrick , Stevens Christine , Desch A. Nicole , Goyette Philippe , Gudbjartsson Daniel , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Degenhardt Frauke , Mucha Sören , Kurki Mitja I. , Li Dalin , D’Amato Mauro , Annese Vito , Vermeire Severine , Weersma Rinse K. , Halfvarson Jonas , Paavola-Sakki Paulina , Lappalainen Maarit , Lek Monkol , Cummings Beryl , Tukiainen Taru , Haritunians Talin , Halme Leena , Koskinen Lotta L. E. , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N. , Luo Yang , Heap Graham A. , Visschedijk Marijn C. ,   UK IBD Genetics Consortium, Barrett J. , de Lange K. , Edwards C. , Hart A. , Hawkey C. , Jostins L. , Kennedy N. , Lamb C. , Lee J. , Lees C. , Mansfield J. , Mathew C. , Mowatt C. , Newman W. , Nimmo E. , Parkes M. , Pollard M. , Prescott N. , Randall J. , Rice D. , Satsangi J. , Simmons A. , Tremelling M. , Uhlig H. , Wilson D. ,   NIDDK IBD Genetics Consortium, Abraham C. , Achkar J.P. , Bitton A. , Boucher G. , Croitoru K. , Fleshner P. , Glas J. , Kugathasan S. , Limbergen J. V. , Milgrom R. , Proctor D. , Regueiro M. , Schumm P. L. , Sharma Y. , Stempak J. M. , Targan S. R. , Wang M. H. , MacArthur Daniel G. , Neale Benjamin M. , Ahmad Tariq , Anderson Carl A. , Brant Steven R. , Duerr Richard H. , Silverberg Mark S. , Cho Judy H , Palotie Aarno , Saavalainen Päivi , Kontula Kimmo , Färkkilä Martti , McGovern Dermot P. B. , Franke Andre , Stefansson Kari , Rioux John D. , Xavier Ramnik J. , Daly Mark J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractProtein-truncating variants protective against human disease provide in vivo validation of therapeutic targets. Here we used targeted sequencing to conduct a search for protein-truncating variants conferring protection against inflammatory bowel disease exploiting knowledge of common variants associated with the same disease. Through replication genotyping and imputation we found that a predicted protein-truncating variant (rs36095412, p.R179X, genotyped in 11,148 ulcerative colitis patients and 295,446 controls, MAF=up to 0.78%) in RNF186, a single-exon ring finger E3 ligase with strong colonic expression, protects against ulcerative colitis (overall P=6.89 × 10−7, odds ratio=0.30). We further demonstrate that the truncated protein exhibits reduced expression and altered subcellular localization, suggesting the protective mechanism may reside in the loss of an interaction or function via mislocalization and/or loss of an essential transmembrane domain.
Amorphous nickel boride membrane on a platinum–nickel alloy surface for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: He Daping , Zhang Libo , He Dongsheng , Zhou Gang , Lin Yue , Deng Zhaoxiang , Hong Xun , Wu Yuen , Chen Chen , Li Yadong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe low activity of the oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is a major barrier for electrocatalysis, and hence needs to be optimized. Tuning the surface electronic structure of platinum-based bimetallic alloys, a promising oxygen reduction reaction catalyst, plays a key role in controlling its interaction with reactants, and thus affects the efficiency. Here we report that a dealloying process can be utilized to experimentally fabricate the interface between dealloyed platinum–nickel alloy and amorphous nickel boride membrane. The coating membrane works as an electron acceptor to tune the surface electronic structure of the platinum–nickel catalyst, and this composite catalyst composed of crystalline platinum–nickel covered by amorphous nickel boride achieves a 27-times enhancement in mass activity relative to commercial platinum/carbon at 0.9 V for the oxygen reduction reaction performance. Moreover, this interactional effect between a crystalline surface and amorphous membrane can be readily generalized to facilitate the 3-times higher catalytic activity of commercial platinum/carbon.
Mode-locking via dissipative Faraday instability
Authors: Tarasov Nikita , Perego Auro M. , Churkin Dmitry V. , Staliunas Kestutis , Turitsyn Sergei K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEmergence of coherent structures and patterns at the nonlinear stage of modulation instability of a uniform state is an inherent feature of many biological, physical and engineering systems. There are several well-studied classical modulation instabilities, such as Benjamin–Feir, Turing and Faraday instability, which play a critical role in the self-organization of energy and matter in non-equilibrium physical, chemical and biological systems. Here we experimentally demonstrate the dissipative Faraday instability induced by spatially periodic zig-zag modulation of a dissipative parameter of the system—spectrally dependent losses—achieving generation of temporal patterns and high-harmonic mode-locking in a fibre laser. We demonstrate features of this instability that distinguish it from both the Benjamin–Feir and the purely dispersive Faraday instability. Our results open the possibilities for new designs of mode-locked lasers and can be extended to other fields of physics and engineering.
A clock network for geodesy and fundamental science
Authors: Lisdat C. , Grosche G. , Quintin N. , Shi C. , Raupach S.M.F. , Grebing C. , Nicolodi D. , Stefani F. , Al-Masoudi A. , Dörscher S. , Häfner S. , Robyr J.-L. , Chiodo N. , Bilicki S. , Bookjans E. , Koczwara A. , Koke S. , Kuhl A. , Wiotte F. , Meynadier F. , Camisard E. , Abgrall M. , Lours M. , Legero T. , Schnatz H. , Sterr U. , Denker H. , Chardonnet C. , Le Coq Y. , Santarelli G. , Amy-Klein A. , Le Targat R. , Lodewyck J. , Lopez O , Pottie P.-E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLeveraging the unrivalled performance of optical clocks as key tools for geo-science, for astronomy and for fundamental physics beyond the standard model requires comparing the frequency of distant optical clocks faithfully. Here, we report on the comparison and agreement of two strontium optical clocks at an uncertainty of 5 × 10−17 via a newly established phase-coherent frequency link connecting Paris and Braunschweig using 1,415 km of telecom fibre. The remote comparison is limited only by the instability and uncertainty of the strontium lattice clocks themselves, with negligible contributions from the optical frequency transfer. A fractional precision of 3 × 10−17 is reached after only 1,000 s averaging time, which is already 10 times better and more than four orders of magnitude faster than any previous long-distance clock comparison. The capability of performing high resolution international clock comparisons paves the way for a redefinition of the unit of time and an all-optical dissemination of the SI-second.
Force sensitivity of multilayer graphene optomechanical devices
Authors: Weber P. , Güttinger J. , Noury A. , Vergara-Cruz J. , Bachtold A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMechanical resonators based on low-dimensional materials are promising for force and mass sensing experiments. The force sensitivity in these ultra-light resonators is often limited by the imprecision in the measurement of the vibrations, the fluctuations of the mechanical resonant frequency and the heating induced by the measurement. Here, we strongly couple multilayer graphene resonators to superconducting cavities in order to achieve a displacement sensitivity of 1.3 fm Hz−1/2. This coupling also allows us to damp the resonator to an average phonon occupation of 7.2. Our best force sensitivity, 390 zN Hz−1/2 with a bandwidth of 200 Hz, is achieved by balancing measurement imprecision, optomechanical damping, and measurement-induced heating. Our results hold promise for studying the quantum capacitance of graphene, its magnetization, and the electron and nuclear spins of molecules adsorbed on its surface.
Aromatase inhibition remodels the clonal architecture of estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancers
Authors: Miller Christopher A. , Gindin Yevgeniy , Lu Charles , Griffith Obi L , Griffith Malachi , Shen Dong , Hoog Jeremy , Li Tiandao , Larson David E. , Watson Mark , Davies Sherri R , Hunt Kelly , Suman Vera J. , Snider Jacqueline , Walsh Thomas , Colditz Graham A. , DeSchryver Katherine , Wilson Richard K. , Mardis Elaine R. , Ellis Matthew J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractResistance to oestrogen-deprivation therapy is common in oestrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. To better understand the contributions of tumour heterogeneity and evolution to resistance, here we perform comprehensive genomic characterization of 22 primary tumours sampled before and after 4 months of neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor (NAI) treatment. Comparing whole-genome sequencing of tumour/normal pairs from the two time points, with coincident tumour RNA sequencing, reveals widespread spatial and temporal heterogeneity, with marked remodelling of the clonal landscape in response to NAI. Two cases have genomic evidence of two independent tumours, most obviously an ER− ‘collision tumour’, which was only detected after NAI treatment of baseline ER+ disease. Many mutations are newly detected or enriched post treatment, including two ligand-binding domain mutations in ESR1. The observed clonal complexity of the ER+ breast cancer genome suggests that precision medicine approaches based on genomic analysis of a single specimen are likely insufficient to capture all clinically significant information.
Towards practical quantum metrology with photon counting
Authors: Matthews Jonathan CF , Zhou Xiao-Qi , Cable Hugo , Shadbolt Peter J , Saunders Dylan J , Durkin Gabriel A , Pryde Geoff J , O’Brien Jeremy L 
Published: August 2016

AbstractQuantum metrology aims to realise new sensors operating at the ultimate limit of precision measurement. However, optical loss, the complexity of proposed metrology schemes and interferometric instability each prevent the realisation of practical quantum-enhanced sensors. To obtain a quantum advantage in interferometry using these capabilities, new schemes are required that tolerate realistic device loss and sample absorption. We show that loss-tolerant quantum metrology is achievable with photon-counting measurements of the generalised multi-photon singlet state, which is readily generated from spontaneous parametric downconversion without any further state engineering. The power of this scheme comes from coherent superpositions, which give rise to rapidly oscillating interference fringes that persist in realistic levels of loss. We have demonstrated the key enabling principles through the four-photon coincidence detection of outcomes that are dominated by the four-photon singlet term of the four-mode downconversion state. Combining state-of-the-art quantum photonics will enable a quantum advantage to be achieved without using post-selection and without any further changes to the approach studied here.
Cranberry-derived proanthocyanidins impair virulence and inhibit quorum sensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Maisuria Vimal B. , Los Santos Yossef Lopez-de , Tufenkji Nathalie , Déziel Eric 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBacteria have evolved multiple strategies for causing infections that include producing virulence factors, undertaking motility, developing biofilms and invading host cells. N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated quorum sensing (QS) tightly regulates the expression of multiple virulence factors in the opportunistic pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, inhibiting QS could lead to health benefits. In this study, we demonstrate an anti-virulence activity of a cranberry extract rich in proanthocyanidins (cerPAC) against P. aeruginosa in the model host Drosophila melanogaster and show this is mediated by QS interference. cerPAC reduced the production of QS-regulated virulence determinants and protected D. melanogaster from fatal infection by P. aeruginosa PA14. Quantification of AHL production using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed that cerPAC effectively reduced the level of AHLs produced by the bacteria. Furthermore, monitoring QS signaling gene expression revealed that AHL synthases LasI/RhlI and QS transcriptional regulators LasR/RhlR genes were inhibited and antagonized, respectively, by cerPAC. Molecular docking studies suggest that cranberry-derived proanthocyanidin binds to QS transcriptional regulators, mainly interacting with their ligand binding sites. These findings provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of action of a cerPAC to restrict the virulence of P. aeruginosa and can have implications in the development of alternative approaches to control infections.
Vorinostat differentially alters 3D nuclear structure of cancer and non-cancerous esophageal cells
Authors: Nandakumar Vivek , Hansen Nanna , Glenn Honor L. , Han Jessica H. , Helland Stephanie , Hernandez Kathryn , Senechal Patti , Johnson Roger H. , Bussey Kimberly J. , Meldrum Deirdre R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat has received significant attention in recent years as an ‘epigenetic’ drug used to treat solid tumors. However, its mechanisms of action are not entirely understood, particularly with regard to its interaction with the aberrations in 3D nuclear structure that accompany neoplastic progression. We investigated the impact of vorinostat on human esophageal epithelial cell lines derived from normal, metaplastic (pre-cancerous), and malignant tissue. Using a combination of novel optical computed tomography (CT)-based quantitative 3D absorption microscopy and conventional confocal fluorescence microscopy, we show that subjecting malignant cells to vorinostat preferentially alters their 3D nuclear architecture relative to non-cancerous cells. Optical CT (cell CT) imaging of fixed single cells showed that drug-treated cancer cells exhibit significant alterations in nuclear morphometry. Confocal microscopy revealed that vorinostat caused changes in the distribution of H3K9ac-marked euchromatin and H3K9me3-marked constitutive heterochromatin. Additionally, 3D immuno-FISH showed that drug-induced expression of the DNA repair gene MGMT was accompanied by spatial relocation toward the center of the nucleus in the nuclei of metaplastic but not in non-neoplastic cells. Our data suggest that vorinostat’s differential modulation of 3D nuclear architecture in normal and abnormal cells could play a functional role in its anti-cancer action.
Genetic characterization of cysteine-rich type-b avenin-like protein coding genes in common wheat
Authors: Chen X. Y. , Cao X. Y. , Zhang Y. J. , Islam S. , Zhang J. J. , Yang R. C. , Liu J. J. , Li G. Y. , Appels R. , Keeble-Gagnere G. , Ji W. Q. , He Z. H. , Ma W. J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe wheat avenin-like proteins (ALP) are considered atypical gluten constituents and have shown positive effects on dough properties revealed using a transgenic approach. However, to date the genetic architecture of ALP genes is unclear, making it impossible to be utilized in wheat breeding. In the current study, three genes of type-b ALPs were identified and mapped to chromosomes 7AS, 4AL and 7DS. The coding gene sequence of bothTaALP-7AandTaALP-7Dwas 855 bp long, encoding two identical homologous 284 amino acid long proteins.TaALP-4Awas 858 bp long, encoding a 285 amino acid protein variant. Three alleles were identified forTaALP-7Aand four forTaALP-4A. TaALP-7Aalleles were of two types: type-1, which includesTaALP-7A1andTaALP-7A2, encodes mature proteins, while type-2, represented byTaALP-7A3, contains a stop codon in the coding region and thus does not encode a mature protein. Dough quality testing of 102 wheat cultivars established a highly significant association of the type-1TaALP-7Aallele with better wheat processing quality. This allelic effects were confirmed among a range of commercial wheat cultivars. Our research makes the ALP be the first of such genetic variation source that can be readily utilized in wheat breeding.
Oral exposure to environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene impacts the intestinal epithelium and induces gut microbial shifts in murine model
Authors: Ribière Céline , Peyret Pierre , Parisot Nicolas , Darcha Claude , Déchelotte Pierre J. , Barnich Nicolas , Peyretaillade Eric , Boucher Delphine 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGut microbiota dysbiosis are associated with a wide range of human diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases. The physiopathology of these diseases has multifactorial aetiology in which environmental factors, particularly pollution could play a crucial role. Among the different pollutants listed, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are subject to increased monitoring due to their wide distribution and high toxicity on Humans. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the impact of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, most toxic PAH) oral exposure on the faecal and intestinal mucosa-associated bacteria in C57BL/6 mice. Intestinal inflammation was also evaluated by histological observations. BaP oral exposure significantly altered the composition and the abundance of the gut microbiota and led to moderate inflammation in ileal and colonic mucosa. More severe lesions were observed in ileal segment. Shifts in gut microbiota associated with moderate inflammatory signs in intestinal mucosa would suggest the establishment of a pro-inflammatory intestinal environment following BaP oral exposure. Therefore, under conditions of genetic susceptibility and in association with other environmental factors, exposure to this pollutant could trigger and/or accelerate the development of inflammatory pathologies.
11,000 years of craniofacial and mandibular variation in Lower Nubia
Authors: Galland Manon , Van Gerven Denis P. , Von Cramon-Taubadel Noreen , Pinhasi Ron 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe transition to agriculture was a key event in human history. The extent to which this transition is associated with biological changes in different world regions remains debated. Cultural and osteological records in Lower Nubia throughout the Holocene have been interpreted as a result ofin situdifferentiation or alternatively as migratory events and possible admixture with surrounding populations. Here we investigated the patterns of craniofacial and mandibular variation from Mesolithic hunting-gathering to late farming, a period spanning 11,000 years. We analyzed 102 adult specimens spanning five cultural horizons: Mesolithic, A-group, C-group, Pharaonic and Meroitic, by means of 3D geometric morphometric methods, in order to assess shape variation and diachronic patterns at the transition to farming and in subsequent periods. Our results highlight a strong morphometric distinction between Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and farmers as well as differences between transitional and intensive farmers in mandibular variation which is consistent with differential impact of selective pressures on different regions of the skull. This study corroborates a major biological change during the transition from hunting to farming, supporting the masticatory-functional hypothesis for the mandible and suggesting population continuity among farming populations throughout the Holocene based on the overall shape of the cranium.