bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain surveillance during chemotherapy to improve cardiovascular outcomes: the SUCCOUR-MRI trial
Authors: Marwick Thomas H , Dewar Elizabeth , Nolan Mark , Shirazi Mitra , Dias Peter , Wright Leah , Fitzgerald Ben , Kearney Leighton , Srivastava Piyush , Atherton John , Negishi Kazuaki , Sverdlov Aaron L , Wahi Sudhir , Otton James , Selvanayagam Joseph , Thomas Liza , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The detection of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) by reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during chemotherapy usually triggers the initiation of cardioprotective therapy. This study addressed whether the same approach should be applied to patients with worsening of global longitudinal strain (GLS) without attaining thresholds of LVEF.

Methods
Strain surveillance during chemotherapy for improving cardiovascular outcomes (SUCCOUR-MRI) was a prospective multicentre randomized controlled trial involving 14 sites. Of 355 patients receiving anthracyclines with normal baseline LVEF, 333 patients (age 59 ± 13 years, 79% women) with at least one other CTRCD risk factor, able to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), GLS, and three-dimensional echocardiography were tracked over 12 months. A total of 105 patients (age 59 ± 13 years, 75% women, 69% breast cancer) developing GLS-CTRCD (&gt;12% relative reduction of GLS without a change in LVEF) were randomized to cardioprotection with neurohormonal antagonists vs. usual care. The primary endpoint was 12-month change in MRI-LVEF; the secondary endpoint was MRI-LVEF-defined CTRCD.

Results
During follow-up, two patients died, and two developed heart failure. Most patients were randomized at 3 months (62%). Median doses of angiotensin inhibition/blockade and beta-blockade were 75% and 50% of respective targets; 21 (43%) had side-effects attributed to cardioprotection. Due to a smaller LVEF change from baseline with cardioprotection than usual care (−2.5 ± 5.4% vs. −5.6 ± 5.9%, P = .009), follow-up LVEF was higher after cardioprotection (59 ± 5% vs. 55 ± 6%, P &lt; .0001). After adjustment for baseline LVEF, the mean (95% confidence interval) difference in the change in LVEF between the two groups was −3.6% (−1.8% to −5.5%, P &lt; .001). After cardioprotection, 1/49 patients developed 12-month LVEF-CTRCD, compared to 6/56 in usual care (P = .075). Global longitudinal strain improved at 3 months post-randomization in the cardioprotection group, with little change with usual care.

Conclusions
In patients with isolated GLS reduction after anthracyclines, cardioprotection is associated with better preservation of 12-month MRI-LVEF compared with usual care.
Intensive early and sustained lowering of non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol after myocardial infarction and prognosis: the SWEDEHEART registry
Authors: Schubert Jessica , Leosdottir Margrét , Lindahl Bertil , Westerbergh Johan , Melhus Håkan , Modica Angelo , Cater Nilo , Brinck Jonas , Ray Kausik K , Hagström Emil 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Non–HDL-C provides an estimate of lipid-associated risk and is a secondary treatment target after myocardial infarction (MI). The aim was to study the relationship between non–HDL-C levels after MI and risk of adverse outcomes.

Methods
From the SWEDEHEART registry, 56 262 patients with MI were included. Outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE: death, MI, and ischaemic stroke), death, and non-fatal MI. Non–HDL-C was assessed at admission, 2 months, and 1 year. Target achievement (&lt;2.2 mmol/L) of non–HDL-C, timing thereof, and outcomes were assessed.

Results
During median follow-up of 5.4 years, 9549 had MACE, 5427 died, and 3946 had MI. Long-term hazard ratio (HR) for MACE in the lowest vs. the highest quartile of achieved non–HDL-C at 1 year was 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–0.81]. Short-term results were consistent also when assessing non–HDL-C levels at 2 months, including early events up to 1 year (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68–0.92). Similar results were observed for all outcomes. Patients achieving both early and sustained targets had lowest risk of outcomes (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.74–0.86) vs. patients achieving target early or late (HR for both 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.93).

Conclusions
The lowest achieved levels both at 2 months and at 1 year of non–HDL-C were associated with better outcome. The lowest risk was observed when target was achieved within 2 months of MI and sustained thereafter. These findings challenge the current stepwise approach for cholesterol lowering after MI, which inevitably results in delaying goal attainment and possible harm.
Long-term effect of mavacamten in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Garcia-Pavia Pablo , Oręziak Artur , Masri Ahmad , Barriales-Villa Roberto , Abraham Theodore P , Owens Anjali T , Jensen Morten K , Wojakowski Wojciech , Seidler Tim , Hagege Albert , Lakdawala Neal K , Wang Andrew , Wheeler Matthew T , Choudhury Lubna , Balaratnam Ganesh , Shah Ashish , Fox Shawna , Hegde Sheila M , Olivotto Iacopo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Long-term safety and efficacy of mavacamten in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are unknown. MAVA-LTE (NCT03723655) is an ongoing, 5-year, open-label extension study designed to evaluate the long-term effects of mavacamten.

Methods
Participants from EXPLORER-HCM (NCT03470545) could enrol in MAVA-LTE upon study completion.

Results
At the latest data cut-off, 211 (91.3%) of the 231 patients originally enrolled in MAVA-LTE still received mavacamten. Median (range) time on study was 166.1 (6.0–228.1) weeks; 185 (80.1%) and 99 (42.9%) patients had completed the Week 156 and 180 visits, respectively. Sustained reductions from baseline to Week 180 occurred in left ventricular outflow tract gradients [mean (standard deviation): resting, −40.3 (32.7) mmHg; Valsalva, −55.3 (33.7) mmHg], N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide [median (interquartile range): −562 (−1162.5, −209) ng/L], and EQ-5D-5L score [mean (standard deviation): 0.09 (0.17)]. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased from 73.9% (baseline) to 66.6% (Week 24) and 63.9% (Week 180). At Week 180, 74 (77.9%) of the 95 patients improved by at least one New York Heart Association class from baseline. Over 739 patient-years exposure, 20 patients (8.7%; exposure-adjusted incidence: 2.77/100 patient-years) experienced 22 transient reductions in LVEF to &lt;50% resulting in temporary treatment interruption (all recovered LVEF of ≥50%). Five (2.2%) patients died (all considered unrelated to mavacamten).

Conclusions
Long-term mavacamten treatment resulted in sustained improvements in cardiac function and symptoms in patients with obstructive HCM, with no new safety concerns identified. Transient, reversible reductions in LVEF were observed in a small proportion of patients during long-term follow-up.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction and angiographic microvascular obstruction: the REVERSE-FLOW trial
Authors: Eitel Ingo , Saraei Roza , Jurczyk Dominik , Fach Andreas , Hambrecht Rainer , Wienbergen Harm , Frerker Christian , Schmidt Tobias , Allali Abdelhakim , Joost Alexander , Marquetand Christoph , Kurz Thomas , Haaf Philip , Fahrni Gregor , Mueller Christian , Desch Steffen , Thiele Holger , Stiermaier Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors are recommended in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for bailout treatment in case of angiographic microvascular obstruction (MVO), also termed no-reflow phenomenon, after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with, however, lacking evidence (class IIa, level C).

Methods
The investigator-initiated, international, multicentre REVERSE-FLOW trial randomized 120 patients with AMI and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade ≤ 2 after primary PCI to optimal medical therapy with or without GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor. The primary endpoint was infarct size [percentage of left ventricular (LV) mass assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Secondary endpoints included CMR-derived MVO and 30-day adverse clinical events. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02739711.

Results
The population was predominantly male (76.7%) with a median age of 66 years and ST-elevation myocardial infarction in 73.3% of patients. Clinical and angiographic characteristics were well balanced between the cohorts. Patients in the treatment group (n = 62) received eptifibatide (n = 41) or tirofiban (n = 21). Infarct size assessed by CMR imaging was similar in both study groups [25.4% of LV mass (%LV) vs. 25.2%LV; P = .386]. However, the number of patients with evidence of CMR-derived MVO (74.5% vs. 92.2%; P = .017) and the extent of MVO (2.1%LV vs. 3.4%LV; P = .025) were significantly reduced in the GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor group compared with controls. Thirty-day outcome showed an increased bleeding risk after GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor administration restricted to non–life-threatening bleedings (22.6% vs. 6.9%; P = .016) without differences in all-cause mortality (4.8% vs. 3.4%; P = .703).

Conclusions
Bailout GP IIb/IIIa inhibition in AMI patients with angiographic MVO failed to reduce the primary endpoint infarct size but decreased CMR-derived MVO and led to an increase in non-fatal bleeding events.
Long-term effect of biodegradable vs. durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents on neoatherosclerosis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the CONNECT trial
Authors: Taniwaki Masanori , Häner Jonas Dominik , Kakizaki Ryota , Ohno Yohei , Yahagi Kazuyuki , Higuchi Yoshiharu , Siontis George C M , Ando Kenji , Stortecky Stefan , Suzuki Nobuaki , Morf Laura , Watanabe Naoki , Lanz Jonas , Ueki Yasushi , Otsuka Tatsuhiko , Biccirè Flavio Giuseppe , Sakurada Masami , Losdat Sylvain , Räber Lorenz 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Neoatherosclerosis is a leading cause of late (&gt;1 year) stent failure following drug-eluting stent implantation. The role of biodegradable (BP) vs. durable polymer (DP) drug-eluting stents on long-term occurrence of neoatherosclerosis remains unclear. Superiority of biodegradable against durable polymer current generation thin-strut everolimus-eluting stent (EES) was tested by assessing the frequency of neoatherosclerosis 3 years after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods
The randomized controlled, multicentre (Japan and Switzerland) CONNECT trial (NCT03440801) randomly (1:1) assigned 239 STEMI patients to pPCI with BP-EES or DP-EES. The primary endpoint was the frequency of neoatherosclerosis assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 3 years. Neoatherosclerosis was defined as fibroatheroma or fibrocalcific plaque or macrophage accumulation within the neointima.

Results
Among 239 STEMI patients randomized, 236 received pPCI with stent implantation (119 BP-EES; 117 DP-EES). A total of 178 patients (75%; 88 in the BP-EES group and 90 in the DP-EES group) underwent OCT assessment at 3 years. Neoatherosclerosis did not differ between the BP-EES (11.4%) and DP-EES (13.3%; odds ratio 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.33–2.04, P = .69). There were no differences in the frequency of fibroatheroma (BP-EES 9.1% vs. DP-EES 11.1%, P = .66) or macrophage accumulation (BP-EES 4.5% vs. DP-EES 3.3%, P = .68), and no fibrocalcific neoatherosclerosis was observed. Rates of target lesion failure did not differ between groups (BP-EES 5.9% vs. DP-EES 6.0%, P = .97).

Conclusions
The use of BP-EES for primary PCI in patients presenting with STEMI was not superior to DP-EES regarding frequency of neoatherosclerosis at 3 years.
Cardiac biomarkers and effects of aficamten in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the SEQUOIA-HCM trial
Authors: Coats Caroline J , Masri Ahmad , Barriales-Villa Roberto , Abraham Theodore P , Brinkley Douglas Marshall , Claggett Brian L , Hagege Albert , Hegde Sheila M , Ho Carolyn Y , Kulac Ian J , Lee Matthew M Y , Maron Martin S , Olivotto Iacopo , Owens Anjali T , Solomon Scott D , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob , Watkins Hugh , Jacoby Daniel L , Heitner Stephen B , Kupfer Stuart , Malik Fady I , Meng Lisa , Wohltman Amy , Januzzi James L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The role of biomarker testing in the management of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is not well defined. This pre-specified analysis of SEQUOIA-HCM (NCT05186818) sought to define the associations between clinical characteristics and baseline concentrations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), and to evaluate the effect of treatment with aficamten on biomarker concentrations.

Methods
Cardiac biomarkers were measured at baseline and serially throughout the study. Regression analyses determined predictors of baseline NT-proBNP and hs-cTnI concentrations, and evaluated whether early changes in these biomarkers relate to later changes in left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOT-G), other echocardiographic measures, health status, and functional capacity.

Results
Baseline concentration of NT-proBNP was associated with LVOT-G and measures of diastolic function, while hs-cTnI was associated with left ventricular thickness. Within 8 weeks of treatment with aficamten, NT-proBNP was reduced by 79% (95% confidence interval 76%–83%, P &lt; .001) and hs-cTnI by 41% (95% confidence interval 32%–49%, P &lt; .001); both biomarkers reverted to baseline after washout. Reductions in NT-proBNP and hs-cTnI by 24 weeks were strongly associated with a lowering of LVOT-G, improvement in health status, and increased peak oxygen uptake. N-Terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide reduction strongly correlated with the majority of improvements in exercise capacity. Furthermore, the change in NT-proBNP by Week 2 was associated with the 24-week change in key endpoints.

Conclusions
N-Terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and hs-cTnI concentrations are associated with key variables in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Serial measurement of NT-proBNP and hs-cTnI appears to reflect clinical response to aficamten therapy.
Relics of interspecific hybridization retained in the genome of a drought-adapted peanut cultivar
Authors: Grabowski Paul P , Dang Phat , Jenkins Jerry J , Sreedasyam Avinash , Webber Jenell , Lamb Marshall , Zhang Qiong , Sanz-Saez Alvaro , Feng Yucheng , Bunting Victoria , Talag Jayson , Clevenger Josh , Ozias-Akins Peggy , Holbrook C Corley , Chu Ye , Grimwood Jane , Schmutz Jeremy , Chen Charles , Lovell John T 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a globally important oil and food crop frequently grown in arid, semi-arid, or dryland environments. Improving drought tolerance is a key goal for peanut crop improvement efforts. Here, we present the genome assembly and gene model annotation for “Line8,” a peanut genotype bred from drought-tolerant cultivars. Our assembly and annotation are the most contiguous and complete peanut genome resources currently available. The high contiguity of the Line8 assembly allowed us to explore structural variation both between peanut genotypes and subgenomes. We detect several large inversions between Line8 and other peanut genome assemblies, and there is a trend for the inversions between more genetically diverged genotypes to have higher gene content. We also relate patterns of subgenome exchange to structural variation between Line8 homeologous chromosomes. Unexpectedly, we discover that Line8 harbors an introgression from A.cardenasii, a diploid peanut relative and important donor of disease resistance alleles to peanut breeding populations. The fully resolved sequences of both haplotypes in this introgression provide the first in situ characterization of A.cardenasii candidate alleles that can be leveraged for future targeted improvement efforts. The completeness of our genome will support peanut biotechnology and broader research into the evolution of hybridization and polyploidy.
Efflux of TolC protein to different antimicrobials can be replaced by other outer membrane proteins with similar β-barrel structures in extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Bao Xue , Yang Chenglong , Li Tian , Wang Yanlin , Cui Ailian , Meng Xianrong , Huang Qi , Li Shaowen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim
As a major efflux pump system in Gram-negative bacteria, AcrAB-TolC plays a key role in the transport of multiple drug substrates and is considered a potential target for the development of novel antimicrobials. Our previous study found that TolC inactivation compromised the resistance to different antimicrobials in porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strain PPECC042 (WT). This study was designed to investigate the functional substitution of TolC by other outer membrane proteins (OMPs) with similar β-barrel structures in pumping out different antimicrobials.

Methods and results
In this study, we found that over-expression of several OMPs with similar β-barrel structures, OmpX, OmpC, OmpN, OmpW, and PhoE, in the ΔtolC strain restored the resistance to macrolides, quinolones, or tetracyclines to the level of WT strain. However, the introduction of any one of the five OMPs did not affect the resistance of the strains ΔacrA, ΔacrB, and ΔacrAΔtolC. Further study revealed that the efflux activity was significantly reduced in the ΔtolC strain, but not in the WT strain and the ΔtolC strains over-expressing various OMPs. Additionally, Nile red dye test and ciprofloxacin accumulation test confirmed that the lost efflux activity and drug accumulation in bacterial periplasm by TolC inactivation was restored by the over-expression of each OMP, depending on the presence of genes acrA and acrB.

Conclusion
All five OMPs can replace the TolC protein to play the efflux role in pumping out the drugs from the periplasm to the extracellular space with the help of proteins AcrA and AcrB.
Foucauldian critical thinking: An antithesis to technicization
Authors: Li Yulong , Liu Xiaojing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Challenging the way critical thinking is often considered a skill, this article explores possible discursive reasons for the skill-orientation and technicization of this concept. First, using Michel Foucault’s ‘division and rejection’ theory as a discursive analytical lens, the discussion explores the neoliberal alliance of international organizations, national governmental authorities, the media, job markets, schools, and concerned parents. It explores how this alliance promotes the discourse of skill and competence, and prepares the ground for critical thinking’s technicization. Drawing further on Foucault’s decoding of human capital as the essence of neoliberalism, the article explores the way that the technicization of critical thinking fits with a conception of human beings as a complex mix of production and consumption, where, as homo economicus, they become entrepreneurs of themselves. Second, in the light of Foucault’s discursive analytical conception of the will to truth, the article traces a possible historical underpinning of critical thinking’s technicization. It argues that power-knowledge, the dark side of Enlightenment technological rationality, creates an increasingly technical conception of the world that tampers with the criticality of critical thinking. If critical thinking does not render people aware of the power impinging on them, it loses its value and meaning. The article proposes that critical thinking should rather be conceived along the lines of a Foucauldian conception of critique: the art of not being governed, which takes inspiration from Kant’s conception of enlightenment. It explores how to practise Foucauldian critical thinking, how Foucault’s technology of the self can be enacted as the protector of subjectivity against the governmentality of power.
The progenitor star of SN 2023ixf: a massive red supergiant with enhanced, episodic pre-supernova mass loss
Authors: Qin Yu-Jing , Zhang Keming , Bloom Joshua , Sollerman Jesper , Zimmerman Erez A , Irani Ido , Schulze Steve , Gal-Yam Avishay , Kasliwal Mansi , Coughlin Michael W , Perley Daniel A , Fremling Christoffer , Kulkarni Shrinivas 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We identify the progenitor star of SN 2023ixf in Messier 101 using Keck/NIRC2 adaptive optics imaging and pre-explosion Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) images. The supernova, localized with diffraction spikes and high-precision astrometry, unambiguously coincides with a progenitor candidate of $m_\text{F814W}=24.87\pm 0.05$ (AB). Given its reported infrared excess and semiregular variability, we fit a time-dependent spectral energy distribution (SED) model of a dusty red supergiant (RSG) to a combined data set of HST optical, ground-based near-infrared, and Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) [3.6], [4.5] photometry. The progenitor resembles an RSG of $T_\text{eff}=3488\pm 39$ K and $\log (L/\mathrm{L}_\odot)=5.15\pm 0.02$, with a $0.13\pm 0.01$ dex ($31.1\pm 1.7$ per cent) luminosity variation at a period of $P=1144.7\pm 4.8$ d, obscured by a dusty envelope of $\tau =2.92\pm 0.02$ at $1\, \mu \text{m}$ in optical depth (or $A_\text{V}=8.43\pm 0.11$ mag). The signatures match a post-main-sequence star of $18.2_{-0.6}^{+1.3}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ in zero-age main-sequence mass, among the most massive SN II progenitor, with a pulsation-enhanced mass-loss rate of $\dot{M}=(4.32\pm 0.26)\times 10^{-4} \, \mathrm{M}_\odot \, \text{yr}^{-1}$. The dense and confined circumstellar material is ejected during the last episode of radial pulsation before the explosion. Notably, we find strong evidence for variations of $\tau$ or $T_\text{eff}$ along with luminosity, a necessary assumption to reproduce the wavelength-dependent variability, which implies periodic dust sublimation and condensation. Given the observed SED, partial dust obscuration remains possible, but any unobstructed binary companion over $5.6\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$ can be ruled out.
Extreme-value modelling of the brightest galaxies at z ≳ 9
Authors: Heather Cameron , Chantavat Teeraparb , Chongchitnan Siri , Silk Joseph 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Data from the JWST have revealed an intriguing population of bright galaxies at high redshifts. In this work, we use extreme-value statistics to calculate the distribution [in ultraviolet (UV) magnitude] of the brightest galaxies in the redshift range $9 \lesssim z \lesssim 16$. We combine the generalized extreme-value approach with modelling of the galaxy luminosity function. We obtain predictions of the brightest galaxies for a suite of luminosity functions, including the Schechter and double power-law functions, as well as a model parametrized by the stellar formation efficiency $f_*$. We find that the JWST data are broadly consistent with $f_*$ of $5\!\!-\!\!10{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$, and that the brightest galaxy at $z\sim 16$ will have $M_{\rm UV}\approx -23.5^{0.8}_{0.4}$. If $f_*$ is dependent on halo mass, we predict $M_{\rm UV}\approx -22.5^{0.5}_{1.5}$ for such an object. We show that extreme-value statistics not only predict the magnitude of the brightest galaxies at high redshifts, but may also be able to distinguish between models of star formation in high-redshift galaxies.