bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of photosynthetic parameters to drought in subtropical forest ecosystem of China
Authors: Zhou Lei , Wang Shaoqiang , Chi Yonggang , Li Qingkang , Huang Kun , Yu Quanzhou 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe mechanism underlying the effect of drought on the photosynthetic traits of leaves in forest ecosystems in subtropical regions is unclear. In this study, three limiting processes (stomatal, mesophyll and biochemical limitations) that control the photosynthetic capacity and three resource use efficiencies (intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and light use efficiency (LUE)), which were characterized as the interactions between photosynthesis and environmental resources, were estimated in two species (Schima superbaandPinus massoniana) under drought conditions. A quantitative limitation analysis demonstrated that the drought-induced limitation of photosynthesis inSchima superbawas primarily due to stomatal limitation, whereas forPinus massoniana,both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations generally exhibited similar magnitudes. Although the mesophyll limitation represented only 1% of the total limitation inSchima superba, it accounted for 24% of the total limitations forPinus massoniana. Furthermore, a positive relationship between the LUE and NUE and a marginally negative relationship or trade-off between the NUE and iWUE were observed in the control plots. However, drought disrupted the relationships between the resource use efficiencies. Our findings may have important implications for reducing the uncertainties in model simulations and advancing the understanding of the interactions between ecosystem functions and climate change.
Low-Temperature Selective Growth of Tungsten Oxide Nanowires by Controlled Nanoscale Stress Induction
Authors: Na Hyungjoo , Eun Youngkee , Kim Min-Ook , Choi Jungwook , Kim Jongbaeg 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe report a unique approach for the patterned growth of single-crystalline tungsten oxide (WOx) nanowires based on localized stress-induction. Ions implanted into the desired growth area of WOx thin films lead to a local increase in the compressive stress, leading to the growth of nanowire at lower temperatures (600 °C vs. 750–900 °C) than for equivalent non-implanted samples. Nanowires were successfully grown on the microscale patterns using wafer-level ion implantation and on the nanometer scale patterns using a focused ion beam (FIB). Experimental results show that nanowire growth is influenced by a number of factors including the dose of the implanted ions and their atomic radius. The implanted-ion-assisted, stress-induced method proposed here for the patterned growth of WOx nanowires is simpler than alternative approaches and enhances the compatibility of the process by reducing the growth temperature.
Understanding hydrothermal transformation from Mn2O3 particles to Na0.55Mn2O4·1.5H2O nanosheets, nanobelts and single crystalline ultra-long Na4Mn9O18 nanowires
Authors: Park Yohan , Woo Lee Sung , Kim Ki Hyeon , Min Bong-Ki , Kumar Nayak Arpan , Pradhan Debabrata , Sohn Youngku 
Published: December 2015

AbstractManganese oxides are one of the most valuable materials for batteries, fuel cells and catalysis. Herein, we report the change in morphology and phase of as-synthesized Mn2O3 by inserting Na+ ions. In particular, Mn2O3 nanoparticles were first transformed to 2 nm thin Na0.55Mn2O4·1.5H2O nanosheets and nanobelts via hydrothermal exfoliation and Na cation intercalation and finally to sub-mm ultra-long single crystalline Na4Mn9O18 nanowires. This paper reports the morphology and phase-dependent magnetic and catalytic (CO oxidation) properties of the as-synthesized nanostructured Na intercalated Mn-based materials.
Jump Squat is More Related to Sprinting and Jumping Abilities than Olympic Push Press
Authors: Loturco I. , Kobal R. , Maldonado T. , Piazzi A. , Bottino A. , Kitamura K. , Abad C. , Pereira L. , Nakamura F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the relationships between jump squat (JS) and Olympic push press (OPP) power outputs and performance in sprint, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and change of direction (COD) speed tests in elite soccer players. 27 athletes performed a maximum power load test to determine their bar mean propulsive power (MPP) and bar mean propulsive velocity (MPV) in the JS and OPP exercises. Magnitude-based inference was used to compare the exercises. The MPV was almost certainly higher in the OPP than in the JS. The MPP relative to body mass (MPP REL) was possibly higher in the OPP. Only the JS MPP REL presented very large correlations with linear speed (r>0.7, for speed in 5, 10, 20 and 30 m) and vertical jumping abilities (r>0.8, for SJ and CMJ), and moderate correlation with COD speed (r=0.45). Although significant (except for COD), the associations between OPP outcomes and field-based measurements (speed, SJ and CMJ) were all moderate, ranging from 0.40 to 0.48. In a group composed of elite soccer players, the JS exercise is more associated with jumping and sprinting abilities than the OPP. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm if these strong relationships imply superior training effects in favor of the JS exercise.
Contributions of microbiome and mechanical deformation to intestinal bacterial overgrowth and inflammation in a human gut-on-a-chip
Authors: Kim Hyun Jung , Li Hu , Collins James J. , Ingber Donald E. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
The main advance of this study is the development of a microengineered model of human intestinal inflammation and bacterial overgrowth that permits analysis of individual contributors to the pathophysiology of intestinal diseases, such as ileus and inflammatory bowel disease, over a period of weeks in vitro. By studying living human intestinal epithelium, with or without vascular and lymphatic endothelium, immune cells, and mechanical deformation, as well as living microbiome and pathogenic microbes, we identified previously unknown contributions of specific cytokines, mechanical motions, and microbiome to intestinal inflammation, bacterial overgrowth, and control of barrier function. We provide proof-of-principle to show that the microfluidic gut-on-a-chip device can be used to create human intestinal disease models and gain new insights into gut pathophysiology.
Mandatory binding tax arbitration—is this a pathway to a more efficient Mutual Agreement Procedure?
Authors: Markham Michelle 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has recently been exploring ways to improve dispute resolution mechanisms in the realm of international tax, notably through the use of binding mandatory arbitration as part of the Mutual Agreement Procedure (MAP) Article in Double Tax Agreements.
This article seeks to examine whether binding mandatory arbitration would provide an effective mechanism for resolving international tax disputes. It investigates policy concerns with mandatory arbitration, especially sovereignty issues, access to mandatory arbitration and its scope, as well as the interface between MAP arbitration and domestic remedies. The possibility of deferring time limits on arbitration, the appropriateness of the ‘last-best-offer’ or baseball arbitration approach versus the ‘independent opinion’ approach and contentious issues surrounding the appointment of arbitrators will be considered, along with recent developments in arbitration processes.
‘Arbitration of taxation disputes is attractive and effective, presenting significant advantages to businesses and governments… Arbitration always reaches a conclusion, provides for impartial determinations with proper taxpayer participation and applies law rather than expediency. The process is orderly, predictable and transparent.’ 1
Positive and negative forms of replicability in gene network analysis
Authors: Verleyen W. , Ballouz S. , Gillis J. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Gene networks have become a central tool in the analysis of genomic data but are widely regarded as hard to interpret. This has motivated a great deal of comparative evaluation and research into best practices. We explore the possibility that this may lead to overfitting in the field as a whole.
Results: We construct a model of ‘research communities’ sampling from real gene network data and machine learning methods to characterize performance trends. Our analysis reveals an important principle limiting the value of replication, namely that targeting it directly causes ‘easy’ or uninformative replication to dominate analyses. We find that when sampling across network data and algorithms with similar variability, the relationship between replicability and accuracy is positive (Spearman’s correlation, rs ∼0.33) but where no such constraint is imposed, the relationship becomes negative for a given gene function (rs ∼ −0.13). We predict factors driving replicability in some prior analyses of gene networks and show that they are unconnected with the correctness of the original result, instead reflecting replicable biases. Without these biases, the original results also vanish replicably. We show these effects can occur quite far upstream in network data and that there is a strong tendency within protein–protein interaction data for highly replicable interactions to be associated with poor quality control.
Availability and implementation: Algorithms, network data and a guide to the code available at: https://github.com/wimverleyen/AggregateGeneFunctionPrediction.
Contact: jgillis@cshl.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Bridging fisheries management and biodiversity conservation norms: potential and challenges of balancing harvest in ecosystem-based frameworks
Authors: Garcia S. M. , Rice J. , Charles A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBalanced harvesting has been proposed as a way for fisheries management to achieve the requirements of both the Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC)—to maintain stocks at the level at which they could produce MSY—and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)—to maintain ecosystem structure and functioning. This paper examines these requirements and briefly presents four system-level relationships (spectra), representing ecosystem structures that might guide management decision-making aiming to meet both requirements. These spectra would fit in the widely accepted frameworks of the Ecosystem Approach enshrined in the CBD and adopted by FAO for Fisheries. A size spectrum, relating biomass to body length, is used as an example to illustrate its potential to support management decision-making—much like present stock-based harvest control rules—in more ecosystem-compliant fishing strategies at a sector or ecosystem level, as a complement to those currently used at a stock/population level.
An examination of Health Promoting Schools in Ireland
Authors: Moynihan Sharon , Jourdan Didier , Mannix McNamara Patricia 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a national survey that examined the extent of implementation of Health Promoting Schools (HPS) in Ireland.Design/methodology/approach– A quantitative research design was adopted. A questionnaire was administered to all post-primary schools in the country (n=704). Data were analysed with the support of the software packages, SPSS and MaxQDA.Findings– A response rate of 56 per cent (n=394) was achieved. Over half of these schools (56 per cent) self-identified as health promoting. Schools reported success in the areas of environment and curriculum and learning, however, partnerships and policy and planning required more attention. Some models of good practice emerged from the data but these were in the minority. Many schools, when asked to describe health promotion in their school, placed emphasis on physical health (diet and exercise) and curriculum predominately rather than the broader whole school conceptualisation. Only 35 per cent of HPS schools had a team supporting HPS developments. Only 36 per cent identified the existence of a school policy to support HPS. This suggests that further coherence for sustained and comprehensive implementation of HPS is necessary.Research limitations/implications– The research was conducted with school staff, in the first instance who self-reported their school’s level of HPS engagement.Originality/value– This paper offers the first national baseline data available in relation to engagement in HPS in Ireland. It provides a valuable starting point from which further research with schools in this field can be conducted.
“Get busy talking or get busy dying”
Authors: Peake Greg 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to high-light the very well-known potential downside of technology found in many sales environments and to provide a fail-safe remedy to telephone Call Reluctance.

Design/methodology/approach
– The typical, illogical thinking that underpins the reasons that sales people offer for their Call Reluctance are discussed in detail. A time tested platform built upon sound logic and decades of successful implementation is provided. The approach appeals equally to managers and sales personal because it is simple, doable and highly motivational.

Findings
– The results demonstrate the powerful effect that accurate thinking and an easily implemented management approach has for sales organizations and individuals when embracing the unparalleled value of telephone communication.

Originality/value
– The work is based upon the authors 40 plus years of applying the thinking and platform presented in the paper. In addition, for the past 15 years, the author has enthusiastically witnessed the incredibly positive impact of his approach to over 400 companies worldwide. He does not claim absolute originality of the content, as like most successful sales people, he is indebted to many, many sales people he has had the pleasure to know and learn from.
JDSU uses personality typology during management Empowerment Camps
Authors: Segovia Michael 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to gauge the success of optical product maker JDSU’s effort to engage Human Resources as a strategic partner in building an international company culture using training in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to bring diverse teams together with a common management language for discussing interpersonal and team dynamics.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study relied on interviews with managers, employees, and designers of JDSU’s Empowerment Camp on their experience of improvement in management and communication in the organization.

Findings
– With a common language for discussing communication, management, and interpersonal interaction centered around insights derived from management’s training in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator through the Empowerment Camp, members of the organization encountered a more unified and effective management approach across JDSU’s diverse web of international offices.

Originality/value
– This paper is the first to explore a company’s effort to engage Human Resources as a strategic partner in building an international company culture.
Recruitment of a keystone tree species must concurrently manage flooding and browsing
Authors: Horner Gillis J. , Cunningham Shaun C. , Thomson James R. , Baker Patrick J. , Mac Nally Ralph 
Published: December 2015

Summary

Multiple pressures (land‐use change, water extraction and climate change) interact to influence biodiversity and ecosystem processes, but direct evidence for interactions among multiple pressures is limited. Floodplain forests are an acute example of how interacting pressures (river regulation, water extraction, decreasing rainfall and mammal browsing) interact to degrade native ecosystems.

We conducted a 2‐year field experiment to determine how flooding, browsing and sediment salinity interacted to determine in situ seedling survival and growth of the keystone floodplain tree species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.). On semi‐arid floodplains of southern Australia, 1‐year‐old seedlings were planted on the banks of six ephemeral creeks, three of which were flooded with management flows before planting while the others remained dry. Four plots were established at each creek, two open to browsing and two fenced to exclude mammal herbivores.

Flooding had a strong positive effect on seedling survival and height, but browsing had strong negative effects. Sediment salinity (a covariate rather than a designed effect) had a weak negative effect on seedling survival and height.

The positive effects of flooding were largely offset by the negative interaction with browsing and, to a lesser extent, sediment salinity.

Although flooding has been restored to some degraded floodplain forests subjected to river regulation and a drying climate, the long‐term success of such actions is likely to be undermined by persistent browsing.

Synthesis and applications. Management actions that focus on single pressures (e.g. infrequent flooding) and processes (e.g. mature tree survival) while ignoring other pressures are unlikely to sustain populations of keystone species, suggesting that complementary strategies (managed flooding with herbivore control) are necessary to sustain recruitment and, therefore, ensure the future health of these essential ecosystems.
Sixty‐year legacy of human impacts on a high Arctic ecosystem
Authors: Becker Michael S. , Pollard Wayne H. 
Published: December 2015

Summary

The high Arctic is the world's fasting warming biome, allowing access to sections of previously inaccessible land for resource extraction. Starting in 2011, exploration of one of the Earth's largest undeveloped coal seams was initiated in a relatively pristine, polar desert environment in the Canadian high Arctic. Due to the relative lack of historic anthropogenic disturbance, significant gaps in knowledge exist on how the landscape will be impacted by development.

At an abandoned airstrip located near the area of current exploration, we used a disturbance case–control approach to evaluate the long‐term ecological consequences of high Arctic infrastructure disturbance to vegetation and sensitive, ice‐rich permafrost. We quantified: (i) long‐term effects on vegetation diversity, soil nutrients and abiotic ground conditions and (ii) the alteration of the ground surface topography and legacy of subsurface thermal changes.

We found that in over 60 years since abandonment, the disturbed landscape has not recovered to initial conditions but instead reflects a disturbance‐initiated succession towards a different stable‐state community.

Microtopography greatly influenced recovery patterns in the landscape. The terrain overlaying buried ice (ice‐wedge polygon troughs) was the most sensitive to disturbance and had a different species composition, decreased plot‐level species richness, significant increases in vegetation cover and a drastically reduced seasonal fluctuation in subsurface temperatures. In contrast, disturbed polygon tops showed resiliency in vegetation recovery, but still had remarkable increases in depth of seasonal soil thaw (active layer).

Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that disturbance effects differ depending on microtopographic features, leading to an increased patchiness of the landscape as found elsewhere in the Arctic. Managers who wish to lessen their impact on high Arctic environments should avoid areas of sensitive, ice‐rich permafrost, constrain the geographic scale of near‐surface ground disturbance, limit vegetation removal where possible and reseed disturbed areas with native species.
Tradable water saving certificates to improve urban water use efficiency: an ex‐ante evaluation in a French case study
Authors: Rinaudo Jean‐Daniel , Calatrava Javier , De Byans Marine Vernier 
Published: December 2015

This paper proposes a system of tradable Water Saving Certificates to improve the efficiency of water allocation between Drinking Water Utilities at river basin level. A market institutional set‐up, inspired from recent policy developments in the energy sector, is proposed. An original analytical price‐endogenous model is developed to simulate trade intensity, equilibrium price and efficiency gains in this urban water market. The economic model is implemented in a French case study using mathematical programming. It is used for conducting an ex‐ante evaluation of trade possibilities and efficiency gains, considering different spatial restrictions aimed at controlling environmental externalities. Our modelling exercise provides evidence of the benefits of the proposed Water Saving Certificate scheme.
Analytic Modeling of Rainwater Harvesting in the Brazilian Semiarid Northeast
Authors: Doss‐Gollin James , de Souza Filho Francisco de Assis , da Silva Francisco Osny Enéas 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDuring the past two decades, government efforts to provide water access to rural communities in Brazil's semiarid Northeast region have focused on building systems to capture and store rainwater, most importantly through the One Million Cisterns Program (P1MC). This article presents an analytic model based on daily precipitation data to evaluate the sustainability of rainwater capture. Application of this model to analysis of the P1MC reveals the heterogeneous climate in this region causes large spatial variability in the effectiveness of this program. In addition, the size of the area of capture, the run‐off coefficient of the roofs, and the amount of first‐flush diversion also have important effects. This analysis demonstrates while rainwater capture can offer sufficient water for drinking, as a stand‐alone solution it cannot meet P1MC objectives of guaranteeing sustainable and universal access to water for drinking, cooking, and basic hygiene in all regions and years.
RPANDA: an R package for macroevolutionary analyses on phylogenetic trees
Authors: Morlon Hélène , Lewitus Eric , Condamine Fabien L. , Manceau Marc , Clavel Julien , Drury Jonathan 
Published: December 2015

Summary

A number of approaches for studying macroevolution using phylogenetic trees have been developed in the last few years. Here, we present RPANDA, an R package that implements model‐free and model‐based phylogenetic comparative methods for macroevolutionary analyses.

The model‐free approaches implemented in RPANDA are recently developed approaches stemming from graph theory that allow summarizing the information contained in phylogenetic trees, computing distances between trees, and clustering them accordingly. They also allow identifying distinct branching patterns within single trees.

RPANDA also implements likelihood‐based models for fitting various diversification models to phylogenetic trees. It includes birth–death models with i) constant, ii) time‐dependent and iii) environmental‐dependent speciation and extinction rates. It also includes models with equilibrium diversity derived from the coalescent process, as well as a likelihood‐based inference framework to fit the individual‐based model of Speciation by Genetic Differentiation, which is an extension of Hubbell's neutral theory of biodiversity.

RPANDA can be used to (i) characterize trees by plotting their spectral density profiles (ii) compare trees and cluster them according to their similarities, (iii) identify and plot distinct branching patterns within trees, (iv) compare the fit of alternative diversification models to phylogenetic trees, (v) estimate rates of speciation and extinction, (vi) estimate and plot how these rates have varied with time and environmental variables and (vii) deduce and plot estimates of species richness through geological time.

RPANDA provides investigators with a set of tools for exploring patterns in phylogenetic trees and fitting various models to these trees, thereby contributing to the ongoing development of phylogenetics in the life sciences.