bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epistaxis in anticoagulated patients: Fewer hospital admissions and shorter hospital stays on rivaroxaban compared to phenprocoumon
Authors: Sauter T.C. , Hegazy K. , Hautz W.E. , Krummrey G. , Ricklin M.E. , Nagler M. , Borner U. , Exadaktylos A.K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesTreatment of epistaxis in patients on anticoagulants is challenging and associated with higher admission rates and longer hospital stays compared with patients without anticoagulation. However, there is little information about epistaxis in patients taking new direct oral anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban compared with patients on traditional vitamin K antagonists such as phenprocoumon.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe study was conducted at the emergency department of the University Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.ParticipantsAll admissions to the emergency department of the University Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland from 1st July 2012 to 30th June 2016 with non‐traumatic epistaxis on anticoagulant therapy with phenprocoumon or rivaroxaban were included.Main outcome measuresWe compared clinical outcome parameters (admission rates, length of hospital stay and mortality) for both anticoagulant groups.ResultsWe included 440 patients with epistaxis, 123 (28%) on rivaroxaban and 317 (72%) on phenprocoumon. Fewer hospital admissions and shorter hospital stays were found in patients under rivaroxaban (12 (10.4%) vs 57 (18.0%) patients, P=.033; 0.7±2.2 vs 1.5±3.7 days, P=.011) compared with phenprocoumon. Anterior epistaxis was more common in the rivaroxaban group in contrast to posterior epistaxis in patients on phenprocoumon (74 (60.2%) vs 139 (43.8%) patients, P=.002; 7 (5.7%) vs 39 (12.3%) patients, P=.042).ConclusionsOur data suggests that epistaxis on direct oral anticoagulation with rivaroxaban is associated with shorter hospital stays and fewer hospital admissions than epistaxis on vitamin K antagonist phenprocoumon.
FOXP3polymorphisms in interstitial lung disease among Chinese Han population: A genetic association study
Authors: Yao Jianyu , Zhang Tianze , Zhang Lili , Han Kaiyu , Zhang Linyou 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionBoth genetic and environmental factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inFOXP3genes were implicated in the causation of some autoimmune diseases; however, association of these genes and ILD has not been reported.ObjectivesTo investigate whetherFOXP3polymorphisms are associated with ILD in a representative Chinese population.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐seven ILD patients and 170 healthy controls were recruited; SNPs were genotyped by the Sequenom MassARRAY platform and SHEsis was used to estimate the haplotype frequencies of SNPs.ResultsThe CC and TC genotypes ofFOXP3rs2280883 were associated with a significantly higher risk of connective tissue disease‐associated ILD (CTP‐ILD) than the TT genotype (P = .006). Patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) showed a significantly higher frequency of rs3761547 (GG genotype) and rs3761549 (CC genotype) polymorphisms ofFOXP3as compared to that in controls (P = .038 andP = .026, respectively). The rs2294021 (TC genotype) was less frequently observed among IIP patients as compared to that in controls (P = 0.029). In addition, theFOXP3CAATC haplotype was associated with a greater risk for CTD‐ILD (P=.048) as compared to controls, and theFOXP3TCCCC haplotype showed an increased IIP risk (P = .001); however, patients with theFOXP3TACTT haplotype showed a significant protective effect against IIP (P = .036).ConclusionFOXP3polymorphisms may be important markers to determine susceptibility to IIP or CTP‐ILD in Chinese population.
Multifaceted biodiversity hotspots of marine mammals for conservation priorities
Authors: Albouy Camille , Delattre Valentine L. , Mérigot Bastien , Meynard Christine N. , Leprieur Fabien 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimIdentifying the multifaceted biodiversity hotspots for marine mammals and their spatial overlap with human threats at the global scale.LocationWorld‐wide.MethodsWe compiled a functional trait database for 121 species of marine mammals characterized by 14 functional traits grouped into five categories. We estimated marine mammal species richness (SR) as well as functional (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) per grid cell (1° × 1°) using the FRic index (a measure of trait diversity as the volume of functional space occupied by the species present in an assemblage) and the PD index (the amount of evolutionary history represented by a set of species), respectively. Finally, we assessed the spatial congruence of these three facets of biodiversity hotspots (defined as 2.5% and 5% of the highest values of SR, FD and PD) with human threats at the global scale.ResultsWe showed that the FRic index was weakly correlated with both SR and the PD index. Specifically, SR and FRic displayed a triangular relationship, that is, increasing variability in FRic along the species richness gradient. We also observed a striking lack of spatial congruence (<0.1%) between current human threats and the distribution of the multiple facets of biodiversity hotspots.Main ConclusionsWe highlighted that functional diversity calculated using the FRic index is weakly associated with the species richness of marine mammals world‐wide. This is one of the most endangered vertebrate groups playing a key ecological role in marine ecosystems. This finding calls for caution when using only species richness as a benchmark for defining marine mammal biodiversity hotspots. The very low level of spatial congruence between hotspots of current threats and those of the multiple facets of marine mammal biodiversity suggests that current biodiversity patterns for this group have already been greatly affected by their history of exploitation.
Meeting species persistence targets under climate change: A spatially explicit conservation planning model
Authors: Alagador Diogo , Cerdeira Jorge Orestes 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimClimate change threatens the effectiveness of existing protected areas, pivotal, yet static, instruments to promote the persistence of biodiversity. The identification of the areas more likely to be used by multiple species to track their most suitable changing climates is therefore an important step in conservation planning. Species persistence targets and budget limitation are two critical ingredients constraining target‐based conservation area selection. However, defining adequate persistence targets under budget constraints is far from intuitive.LocationUnspecific.MethodsWe propose a two‐staged mixed‐integer linear programming model to determine optimized persistence targets for several species, for a given time horizon and climate change scenarios, under budgetary limitation. The first stage tunes pre‐established targets for each species with a bound on the size of the area to select. The second stage identifies a set of areas of minimum cost that allows the persistence levels optimized in the first stage to be achieved. We apply a heuristic to test whether small deviations from optimal persistence settings (i.e., targets for multiple species) do influence cost‐effectiveness of final solutions. Analyses were undertaken using a synthetic data set replicating changes of environmental suitability for several simulated species using several experimental designs.ResultsOur results showed that minor differences to the optimal persistence scores can result in large contraction of cost‐effectiveness in final solutions.Main conclusionsPersistence targets should be carefully assessed case by case, and alternative species persistence settings should be considered, as they potentially result in important reductions of cost‐effectiveness. Our model along with the respective heuristic can be used as a tool to efficiently promote species persistence under climate change.
On the brink of extinction—Habitat selection of addax and dorcas gazelle across the Tin Toumma desert, Niger
Authors: Stabach Jared A. , Rabeil Thomas , Turmine Vincent , Wacher Tim , Mueller Thomas , Leimgruber Peter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo assess the distribution and occurrence of addax (Addax nasomaculatus), the most critically endangered ungulate species globally, and dorcas gazelle (Gazelle dorcas), for which the ecology in the southern Sahara is virtually unknown.LocationTin Toumma desert, NigerMethodsIntegrating field surveys, collected over a 7‐year period (2008–2014), with remote sensing‐derived measures of vegetation productivity (NDVI) and surface roughness, we fit models in a generalized linear regression framework to predict and evaluate the occurrence of addax and dorcas gazelle.ResultsAddax declined significantly over the course of the study, strongly affecting the outcomes of our regression models. Other factors, namely surface roughness and the occurrence of the perennial grass Stipagrostis acutiflora, were important in predicting addax occurrence. Dorcas gazelle, inhabiting areas further to the south of our study area, were more positively associated with increases in vegetation productivity than addax. Both species were observed to have a strong negative response to human disturbance. Predictive models, relying only on remotely sensed derived variables, provided insight into areas of habitat suitability and highlighted niche partitioning across the Sahelo‐Saharan biome.Main conclusionsOur results provide improved insight into the factors contributing to the occurrence of this critically endangered (addax) and vulnerable (dorcas gazelle) species and may help guide future field surveys across the region to locate small and geographically isolated populations. Developing statistically based ecological habitat models provide a first‐step towards improved management and policy development for the long‐term conservation of these species and complement field surveys conducted across the region to monitor species that are increasingly being pushed to extinction.
Pre‐existing diabetes is a risk factor for increased rates of cellular rejection after kidney transplantation: an observational cohort study
Authors: Johal S. , Jackson‐Spence F. , Gillott H. , Tahir S. , Mytton J. , Evison F. , Stephenson B. , Nath J. , Sharif A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate whether people with diabetes have an elevated risk of kidney allograft rejection in a well characterized clinical cohort in the setting of contemporary immunosuppression.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study including all kidney allograft recipients at a single centre between 2007 and 2015, linking clinical, biochemical and histopathological data from electronic patient records.ResultsData were analysed for 1140 kidney transplant recipients. The median follow‐up was 4.4 years post‐transplantation, and 117 of the kidney transplant recipients (10.2%) had diabetes at time of transplantation. Kidney allograft recipients with vs without diabetes were older (53 vs 45 years; P<0.001) and more likely to be non‐white (41.0% vs 26.4%; P=0.001). Kidney allograft recipients with vs without diabetes had a higher risk of cellular rejection (19.7% vs 12.4%; P=0.024), but not of antibody‐mediated rejection (3.4% vs 3.7%; P=0.564). Graft function and risk of death‐censored graft loss were similar in the two groups, but kidney allograft recipients with diabetes had a higher risk of death and overall graft loss than those without diabetes. In a Cox regression model of non‐modifiable risk factors at time of transplantation, diabetes was found to be an independent risk factor for cellular rejection (hazard ratio 1.445, 95% CI 1.023–1.945; P=0.042).ConclusionsKidney allograft recipients with diabetes at transplantation should be counselled regarding their increased risk of cellular rejection but reassured regarding the lack of any adverse impact on short‐to‐medium term allograft function or survival.
Mapping and explaining wolf recolonization in France using dynamic occupancy models and opportunistic data
Authors: Louvrier Julie , Duchamp Christophe , Lauret Valentin , Marboutin Eric , Cubaynes Sarah , Choquet Rémi , Miquel Christian , Gimenez Olivier 
Published: May 2017

While large carnivores are recovering in Europe, assessing their distributions can help to predict and mitigate conflicts with human activities. Because they are highly mobile, elusive and live at very low density, modeling their distributions presents several challenges due to 1) their imperfect detectability, 2) their dynamic ranges over time and 3) their monitoring at large scales consisting mainly of opportunistic data without a formal measure of the sampling effort.Here, we focused on wolves Canis lupus that have been recolonizing France since the early 1990s. We evaluated the sampling effort a posteriori as the number of observers present per year in a cell based on their location and professional activities. We then assessed wolf range dynamics from 1994 to 2016, while accounting for species imperfect detection and time‐ and space‐varying sampling effort using dynamic site‐occupancy models.Ignoring the effect of sampling effort on species detectability led to underestimating the number of occupied sites by more than 50% on average. Colonization appeared to be negatively influenced by the proportion of a site with an altitude higher than 2500 m and positively influenced by the number of observed occupied sites at short and long‐distances, forest cover, farmland cover and mean altitude. The expansion rate, defined as the number of occupied sites in a given year divided by the number of occupied sites in the previous year, decreased over the first years of the study, then remained stable from 2000 to 2016. Our work shows that opportunistic data can be analyzed with species distribution models that control for imperfect detection, pending a quantification of sampling effort. Our approach has the potential for being used by decision‐makers to target sites where large carnivores are likely to occur and mitigate conflicts.
DA‐EPOCH‐R for post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: DeStefano Christin B. , Malkovska Vera , Rafei Hind , Shenoy Aarthi , Fitzpatrick Kelly , Aggarwal Anita , Catlett Joseph P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundPost‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a potentially fatal group of neoplasms arising in an immunodeficient environment. Although the cornerstone of treatment is reduced immunosuppression (RI), advanced cases often warrant treatment with chemoimmunotherapy. The chemoimmunotherapy regimen of dose‐adjusted (DA)‐EPOCH‐R is superior to R‐CHOP in HIV associated aggressive lymphomas, suggesting that it might also be favorable in the setting of PTLD.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients with advanced monomorphic PTLD treated with first line DA‐EPOCH‐R in addition to RI at our institution from 2003‐2016.ResultsSeven patients were included. Mean age was 51 and mean time from transplant to diagnosis was 71 months. Six of the seven patients received a kidney transplant, six had stage III or IV disease, six had tumors that were EBV positive, and six completed therapy. All six patients who completed therapy achieved a complete response. Mean PFS and OS were 46.6 and 52.6 months, respectively. Treatment was well‐tolerated with no significant treatment related morbidity or mortality.ConclusionsOur findings support several observations in the literature that DA‐EPOCH‐R is efficacious and well‐tolerated for the treatment of advanced, monomorphic PTLD.
A great leap? Domestic market growth and local state support in the upgrading of China's LED lighting industry
Authors: BUTOLLO FLORIAN , TEN BRINK TOBIAS 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this article we analyse the conditions for industrial upgrading in the Chinese LED industry, which proactive local state policies and expanding domestic markets have greatly facilitated. State initiatives provoked overinvestment, but eventually led to the emergence of competitive domestic enterprises. Simultaneously, firms benefited from a growing domestic market on which they outcompeted foreign companies in mid‐price segments. The combination of these factors accounts for the peculiarly Chinese upgrading experience. Neither the resources provided by a new version of the ‘developmental state’ nor domestic market growth alone can explain the Chinese players' success. Based on these results, and given that the emerging economies have become the most important markets for certain consumer goods – a development that (local) industrial policies for industrial upgrading can influence – we provide further proof that it is necessary to rethink the export‐led upgrading paradigm in theories of globally dispersed production.
Fell Muir Lecture: Collagen fibril formation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kadler Karl E. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIt is a great honour to be awarded the Fell Muir Prize for 2016 by the British Society of Matrix Biology. As recipient of the prize, I am taking the opportunity to write a minireview on collagen fibrillogenesis, which has been the focus of my research for 33 years. This is the process by which triple helical collagen molecules assemble into centimetre‐long fibrils in the extracellular matrix of animals. The fibrils appeared a billion years ago at the dawn of multicellular animal life as the primary scaffold for tissue morphogenesis. The fibrils occur in exquisite three‐dimensional architectures that match the physical demands of tissues, for example orthogonal lattices in cornea, basket weaves in skin and blood vessels, and parallel bundles in tendon, ligament and nerves. The question of how collagen fibrils are formed was posed at the end of the nineteenth century. Since then, we have learned about the structure of DNA and the peptide bond, understood how plants capture the sun's energy, cloned animals, discovered antibiotics and found ways of editing our genome in the pursuit of new cures for diseases. However, how cells generate tissues from collagen fibrils remains one of the big unsolved mysteries in biology. In this review, I will give a personal account of the topic and highlight some of the approaches that my research group are taking to find new insights.
How is the Taylor Rule Distributed under Endogenous Monetary Regimes?
Authors: Liu Xiaochun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper estimates Taylor rules at various points (quantiles) on the conditional interest‐rate distribution for endogenously identified monetary regimes. I find that the Taylor principle upholds only for the upper tails of the interest‐rate distribution in monetary Hawkish regimes, but not in monetary interim and Dovish regimes. Moreover, the results show that the Federal Reserve responds more aggressively to inflation at upper tails than at lower tails in both monetary Dovish and Hawkish regimes, implying its significant inflation‐avoidance preference. Finally, the Federal Reserve appears to respond to inflation more aggressively during Hawkish regimes than during Dovish regimes across quantiles.
A prospective evaluation of methylene blue and gentian violet dressing for management of chronic wounds with local infection
Authors: Woo Kevin Y , Heil Jolene 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe objective of this prospective, non‐randomised study was to evaluate the performance of an antibacterial foam dressing containing methylene blue and gentian violet (Hydrofera Blue Classic dressing®) for the management of chronic wounds with local infection. Patients in this study were ≥18 years of age (n = 29), and each had at least one chronic wound ≥1 cm2 in size that showed signs of localised infection or critical colonisation but with good potential for healing based on clinical assessment. To all of these wounds, the dressing was applied and changed three times per week over the 4‐week study period. The primary endpoints of the study were: (i) changes in wound surface area measurement, (ii) changes in Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) scores, (iii) changes in percent surface area of devitalised tissue (i.e., yellow slough or other necrotic tissue) and (iv) changes in clinical signs associated with localised wound infection/critical colonisation. Participants were evaluated at presentation (week 0 = baseline), week 2 and at week 4 (end of the study). The 29 patients completed the study, and at week 4, the following wound improvements were observed: (i) baseline mean wound surface area was significantly reduced by 42·5%, from 21·4 to 12·3 cm2 at week 4 (P = 0·005); (ii) baseline mean PUSH score decreased significantly from 13·3 to 10·7 at week 4 (P < 0·001); (iii) baseline mean wound coverage by devitalised tissue (%) was significantly reduced, from 52·6 % to 11·4% at week 4 (P < 0·001) and (iv) the mean UPPER and LOWER wound infection scores were reduced from 3·6 at baseline to 0·9 at week 4 (75%; P < 0.001). These results indicate that the Hydrofera Blue Classic dressing was effective at managing these chronic wounds and helped them progress onto a healing trajectory.
Experimental pretesting of message framing to motivate caregiver self‐care among parents of children with eating disorders
Authors: Shafer Autumn , Patel Sheetal J. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Zucker Nancy 
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of message framing strategies and approach avoidance trait moderators on health communication intervention messages aimed at encouraging adaptive coping among parents of those children with eating disorders (PCEDs). Parents of children with eating disorders (N = 108) were randomly assigned in a three‐condition (gain frame, loss frame, and control) online message pretesting experiment. Outcome measures included decisional balance (Transtheoretical Model) and behavioral intentions. Gain frames were more beneficial in promoting adaptive behaviors among PCEDs, as loss frames were often harmful. Findings are qualified by approach/avoidance moderator interactions. Formative research benefits from incorporating experimental pretesting methods. Interventions using framed messages should consider relevant personality traits that serve as moderators to behavior adoption.
Modelling female fertility traits in beef cattle using linear and non‐linear models
Authors: Naya H. , Peñagaricano F. , Urioste J.I. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryFemale fertility traits are key components of the profitability of beef cattle production. However, these traits are difficult and expensive to measure, particularly under extensive pastoral conditions, and consequently, fertility records are in general scarce and somehow incomplete. Moreover, fertility traits are usually dominated by the effects of herd–year environment, and it is generally assumed that relatively small margins are kept for genetic improvement. New ways of modelling genetic variation in these traits are needed. Inspired in the methodological developments made by Prof. Daniel Gianola and co‐workers, we assayed linear (Gaussian), Poisson, probit (threshold), censored Poisson and censored Gaussian models to three different kinds of endpoints, namely calving success (CS), number of days from first calving (CD) and number of failed oestrus (FE). For models involving FE and CS, non‐linear models overperformed their linear counterparts. For models derived from CD, linear versions displayed better adjustment than the non‐linear counterparts. Non‐linear models showed consistently higher estimates of heritability and repeatability in all cases (h2 < 0.08 and r < 0.13, for linear models; h2 > 0.23 and r > 0.24, for non‐linear models). While additive and permanent environment effects showed highly favourable correlations between all models (>0.789), consistency in selecting the 10% best sires showed important differences, mainly amongst the considered endpoints (FE, CS and CD). In consequence, endpoints should be considered as modelling different underlying genetic effects, with linear models more appropriate to describe CD and non‐linear models better for FE and CS.