bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards 200mm 3D RF interposer technology
Authors: Soussan Philippe , Vaesen Kristof , Vereecke Bart , Zhu Jian 
Published: November 2015

With the advent of modern and autonomous electronics, applications using RF (radio frequencies) up to millimeter waves and beyond are proliferating. The systems integration becomes increasingly challenging due to variety of devices and passives that typically compose such RF modules, and careful choices of materials are needed for low loss interconnects. One way to minimize RF losses is to integrate the module with high performance interconnect using Si technology, where the different device are mounted on the interposer and the passive are integrated into the silicon. Thanks to the TSV (Through Silicon Via) technology and use of High Resistivity Si substrate, it is possible to have small form factor modules. Such integration approach allows to benefit from the well-established base of 200mm foundries together with the recent progress made in High Resistivity substrate manufacturing.
In this work, the process development of a 3D RF interposer technology based on a 200mm process line is reported. The build-up contains 2 levels of metals processed by Cu damascene technology, including a thick 2μm top metal for the lower frequencies applications, an integrated MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) capacitor and use trough silicon via in 5kOhm high resistivity 85μm thick substrate. The TSV are 20μm diameter and 85μm deep made in via first manner with via reveal using temporary carrier handling. Various RF passivation techniques for the silicon have been investigated and a comparison to quartz based on similar test structure is discussed..
Variety of passive devices, transmission line and filter have been processed and characterized. The technology yields 1μm pitch interconnect routing layer, a line loss of 0.34 dB/mm at 40 GHz, and high quality factors inductors larger than 30.
Optimal SMT Electronics Assembly Guidelines for Stencil Printing
Authors: Briggs Ed 
Published: November 2015

The continuing miniaturization of personal electronics devices, such as mobile phones, personal music devices, and personal computing devices has driven the need for increasingly smaller active and passive electrical components. Not too long ago, 0402 (40 × 20mils) passives were seen as the ultimate in miniaturization, but recently 0201 and now 01005 passives have arrived, with predictions of even smaller sizes to come. For active components, the 30mil CSP (a chip-scale package with the solder balls on 30mil/0.75mm centers) has virtually become a requirement for enabling the many features required in modern portable electronics devices. This miniaturization trend, occurring simultaneously with the conversion to RoHS-compliant lead-free assembly, has put a considerable strain on the electronics assembly industry.
This paper will discuss guidelines to optimize the electronics assembly process focusing primarily on stencil printing. With a smaller process window, each variable in the process contributes to the overall success of the assembly. Simple contributions such as storage and handling of solder paste can make or break a printing process. Many solder defects (some say 60–70%) can be attributed to the printing process. Therefore, stencil printing set-up is discussed, as well as solder paste measurement metrics, to determine the potential for success and assure a reliable solder joint.
Speculative Before the Turn: Reintroducing Feminist Materialist Performativity
Authors: Åsberg Cecilia , Thiele Kathrin , Van der Tuin Iris 
Published: November 2015

This is a moment for new conversations and new synergies. While a wealth of contemporary speculative materialisms is currently circulating in academia, art and activism, in this article we focus upon a few ethico-political stakes in the different, loosely affiliated conceptions of ontologies of immanence. More specifically, we are concerned here with the very meaning of speculation itself after the many new headings of immanent ontologies, such as object-oriented ontology (OOO), speculative realism or the (feminist) new materialisms. Our concern is a feminist concern, as some of the immanent ontologies seem to actively connect with the varied feminist archive of speculative thought while others seem to actively disconnect from the very same archive. What does this imply for the feminist scholar who is in want of tools for navigating the contemporary landscape of ontologies of immanence? Here, we highlight some important overlapping as well as poignant clashes between various feminist materialist genealogies and OOO/speculative realism. In our discussion we underline the importance of situatedness and context, relationality and affinity—and the possibility for rewiring relations—amid a plethora of lively historiographies and emergent post-disciplinary movements and world-makings.
Columella Lengthening with a Full-Thickness Skin Graft for Secondary Bilateral Cleft Lip and Nose Repair
Authors: Lee Yoon Seok , Shin Dong Hyeok , Choi Hyun Gon , Kim Jee Nam , Lee Myung Chul , Kim Soon Heum , Kim Cheol Keun , Jo Dong In , Uhm Ki Il 
Published: November 2015

Background Various techniques for lengthening short columellae have been used for bilateral cleft nose repair. However, previous methods have not yielded satisfactory results. We performed a full-thickness skin graft to lengthen short columellae during secondary cleft nose repair in adult patients.
Methods Ten bilateral cleft lip and nose patients underwent secondary cheiloplasty with open rhinoplasty between July 2008 and August 2014. The patients underwent a full-thickness skin graft on the medial crura to elongate the columella. The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 22.2 years. Nasal profiles were evaluated before and after the operation using the photogrammetric method.
Results The nasal profiles were improved in all patients, and all skin grafts were well taken, with the exception of one patient. Columellar height, nostril height, and columella-lip angle increased, and nasal width decreased significantly. The ratios of columellar height to nasal height, columellar height to nasal width, and nasal height to nasal width increased to a statistically significant extent.
Conclusions Columella lengthening with a full-thickness skin graft is a simple and effective method for the repair of severely short columellae in bilateral cleft nose patients. We had satisfactory outcomes, with good color matching and aesthetically pleasing contours.
Modified T-Plate Interpositional Arthroplasty for Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis: A New and Versatile Option
Authors: Ahmad Imran , Mir Mohd Altaf , Bariar Lalit Mohan 
Published: November 2015

Background This study has been conducted with the aim of evaluating modified T-plate interpositional arthroplasty.
Methods A prospective comparative study in patients admitted with temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Ankylotic temporomandibular joint arthroplasty included condylectomy gap arthroplasty in 7, temporalis muscle flap interpositional arthroplasty in 8, and modified T-plate interpositional arthroplasty in 13 cases. The patients were followed for three years. Collected data were tabulated and subjected to Fisher's exact test, chi-square test and probability estimation.
Results A significant increase in interincisal distance of 32 mm was seen in 12 (92.31%) patients in the T-plate interposition group, in 2 (25%) cases of the temporalis muscle flap interposition group, and in 1 case (14.28%) of the condylectomy group at 12, 24, and 36 months. Re-ankylosis was observed in 1 case (9.69%) of the T-plate interposition group, while as it was observed in 4 (50%) cases in the temporalis muscle flap interposition group and 4 (57.14%) cases in the condylectomy group, and these differences were statistically significant.
Conclusions Our clinical experience with the use of the T-plate over the past 5 years has been encouraging, and our physiotherapy technique is quite simple. Even illiterate parents can assess it easily. Hence, we recommend this easy technique that does not damage the temporalis muscle for the management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis.
A Phase III, Randomized, Multi-Center, Double-Masked, Matched-Pairs, Active-Controlled Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety between Neuramis Deep and Restylane in the Correction of Nasolabial Folds
Authors: Pak Changsik , Park Jihoon , Hong Jinmyung , Jeong Jaehoon , Bang Saik , Heo Chan Yeong 
Published: November 2015

Background We conducted this clinical study to compare the efficacy and safety between Neuramis Deep and Restylane in the correction of nasolabial folds.Methods In this phase III, randomized, multi-center, double-masked, matched-pairs, active-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01585220), we evaluated a total of 67 subjects (n=67). All the subjects underwent Neuramis Deep treatment on one side and Restylane on the contralateral side of the bilateral nasolabial folds at a ratio of 1:1. To compare the efficacy of Neuramis Deep and Restylane, we evaluated the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale scores and those of the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale. In addition, we compared the safety of Neuramis Deep and Restylane based on adverse events, physical examination, and clinical laboratory tests.Results Neuramis Deep was not inferior in improving the nasolabial folds as compared with Restylane. In addition, there was no significant difference in the efficacy between Neuramis Deep and Restylane. There were no significant differences in safety parameters between Neuramis Deep and Restylane.Conclusions In conclusion, our results indicate that Neuramis Deep may be a safe, effective material for improving the nasolabial folds. However, further studies are warranted to compare the tolerability of Neuramis Deep and Restylane based on histopathologic findings.
Fingernail Configuration
Authors: Jung Jin Woo , Kim Kwang Seog , Shin Jun Ho , Kwon Yu Jin , Hwang Jae Ha , Lee Sam Yong 
Published: November 2015

Background A number of conditions can alter a person's fingernail configuration. The ratio between fingernail width and length (W/L) is an important aesthetic criterion, and some underlying diseases can alter the size of the fingernail. Fingernail curvature can be altered by systemic disorders or disorders of the fingernail itself. Although the shape and curvature of the fingernail can provide diagnostic clues for various diseases, few studies have precisely characterized normal fingernail configuration.Methods We measured the W/L ratio of the fingernail, transverse fingernail curvature, hand length, hand breadth, and distal interphalangeal joint width in 300 volunteers with healthy fingernails. We also investigated whether age, sex, height, and handedness influenced the fingernail W/L ratio and transverse fingernail curvature.Results In women, fingernail W/L ratios were similar across all five fingers, and were lower than those in men. The highest value of transverse fingernail curvature was found in the thumb, followed by the index, middle, ring, and little fingers. Handedness and aging influenced transverse fingernail curvature, but not the fingernail W/L ratio. Fingernails were flatter on the dominant hand than on the non-dominant hand. The radius of transverse fingernail curvature increased with age, indicating that fingernails tended to flatten with age.Conclusions Our quantitative data on fingernail configuration can be used as a reference range for diagnosing various diseases and deformities of the fingernail, and for performing reconstructive or aesthetic fingernail surgery.
Alignment structures and diffraction properties of chiral nematic liquid crystal cells with periodically patterned photoalignment films
Authors: Sasaki Tomoyuki , Shimura Rei , Kawai Kotaro , Noda Kohei , Sakamoto Moritsugu , Kawatsuki Nobuhiro , Ono Hiroshi 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Liquid crystal (LC) cells with periodic alignment distributions were fabricated using chiral nematic LCs (N*LCs), which were prepared using mixtures of a nematic LC and a chiral dopant, along with photoreactive liquid crystalline polymer (PLCP) films. Periodic structures were formed by polarization holographic recording in the PLCP films. The director distribution in each cell depended on the ratio of chiral dopant present, i.e., the inherent helical pitch of the N*LCs. These periodic alignment structures with line defects in the LC grating cells were well explained on the basis of the elastic continuum theory of the N*LCs and the photoalignment effect of the PLCP films. The diffraction properties of the grating LC cells were also investigated using a polarized visible laser. The observed intensity and polarization states of the diffracted beams were consistent with theoretical ones calculated using the director distribution models. Our results clarify that the diffraction properties of the grating LC cells can be controlled by the helical pitch of the N*LCs.
Traveling wave ultrasonic motor using polymer-based vibrator
Authors: Wu Jiang , Mizuno Yosuke , Tabaru Marie , Nakamura Kentaro 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
With the characteristics of low density, low elastic modulus, and low mechanical loss, poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) is a promising material for fabricating lightweight ultrasonic motors (USMs). For the first time, we used PPS to fabricate an annular elastomer with teeth and glued a piece of piezoelectric-ceramic annular disk to the bottom of the elastomer to form a vibrator. To explore for a material suitable for the rotor surface coming in contact with the PPS-based vibrator, several disk-shaped rotors made of different materials were fabricated to form traveling wave USMs. The polymer-based USM rotates successfully as the conventional metal-based USMs. The experimental results show that the USM with the aluminum rotor has the largest torque, which indicates that aluminum is the most suitable for the rotor surface among the tested materials.
Use of Lung Ultrasound to Assess the Efficacy of an Alveolar Recruitment Maneuver in Rabbits With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Li Dong-kai , Liu Da-wei , Long Yun , Wang Xiao-ting 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the application of lung ultrasound (US) in the evaluation and implementation of alveolar recruitment maneuvers in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).MethodsTwelve rabbits with saline lavage–induced lung injury were randomly divided into 2 groups: one with alveolar recruitment guided by lung US and the other with alveolar recruitment guided by maximal oxygenation. Recruitment maneuvers were applied according to a stepwise incremental positive end‐expiratory pressure method in both groups. In the oxygenation group, a sum of the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide exceeding 400 mm Hg was used to define adequate recruitment. In the lung US group, a new protocol for reaeration in US‐guided lung recruitment was used to guide treatment. Evaluation by lung US, respiratory mechanical parameters, the Smith pathologic score (Crit Care Med 1997; 25:1888–1897), and wet‐to‐dry ratio were compared between the groups.ResultsOpening pressure was significantly higher in the lung US group (mean ± SD, 23.4 ± 3.4 cm H2O) than the oxygenation group (18.7 ± 2.1 cm H2O; P < .05). The reaeration score in the lung US group significantly increased during alveolar recruitment (6.5 ± 1.6 points at baseline versus 13.8 ± 3.0 points after completion; P < .05). Lung compliance, dead space shunts, the Smith pathologic score, and tissue wet‐to‐dry ratio, however, were not significantly different between the groups.ConclusionsLung US is an effective means of evaluating and guiding alveolar recruitment in ARDS. Compared with the maximal oxygenation–guided method, the protocol for reaeration in US‐guided lung recruitment achieved a higher opening pressure, resulted in greater improvements in lung aeration, and substantially reduced lung heterogeneity in ARDS.
What Is the Rate of Incomplete Fetal Anatomic Surveys During a Second‐Trimester Scan?
Authors: Padula Francesco , Gulino Ferdinando Antonio , Capriglione Stella , Giorlandino Maurizio , Cignini Pietro , Mastrandrea Maria Luisa , D'Emidio Laura , Giorlandino Claudio 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to estimate the rate of incomplete fetal anatomic surveys during a second‐trimester scan due to an unfavorable fetal position in a nonobese population.MethodsAll pregnant women who came to the Altamedica Fetal‐Maternal Medical Center, a specialized center for prenatal diagnosis, for a routine second‐trimester scan between January 2012 and April 2013 were retrospectively included in the analysis. Patients with a body mass index higher than 30.0 kg/m2 or anterior fibroids larger than 5 cm were not included in the study.ResultsOf 4000 pregnant women admitted for a second‐trimester scan, 169 (4.2%) came back within 2 weeks to complete the examination because of an unfavorable fetal position. In particular, 104 (2.6%) needed visualization of only 1 view, and 65 (1.6%) needed more than 1 view. The most difficult organ to visualize was the corpus callosum, in 73 cases (1.8%); the face was not visualized in 69 cases (1.7%); the cerebellar vermis was not seen in 47 fetuses (1.1%); and the heart could not be completely examined in 40 fetuses (1.0%). Of the 4000 women, 169 (4.2%) had a nonexhaustive scan; 149 (3.7%) needed a second scan to complete the second‐trimester survey; 14 (0.35%) needed a third scan; and 2 (0.05%) remained with a not completely exhaustive scan.ConclusionsThere is always a small percentage of incomplete fetal anatomic surveys during a second‐trimester scan, which cannot be modified by the sonographer's skill or by technical sonographic innovations.
Sonographic Evaluation of the Fetal Thymus Using the Thy‐Box Technique Between 13 and 16 Weeks' Gestation
Authors: Weissmann-Brenner Alina , Zemet Roni , Kivilevitch Zvi , Zalel Yaron 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesThe purposes of this study were to assess the feasibility of fetal thymus measurement between 13 and 16 weeks' gestation, to evaluate the potential difference using color Doppler sonography with the thy‐box technique, and to construct normal percentile ranges.MethodsThis retrospective study included 287 healthy singleton pregnancies. The fetal thymus was shown in an axial plane of the upper mediastinum. Color Doppler imaging was applied to outline the thy‐box: ie, the area between the brachiocephalic artery posteriorly and internal mammary arteries laterally. Measurements of the lateral and anteroposterior diameters of the thymus with and without color Doppler imaging were compared.ResultsThe thymus was shown in 95% of the cases (273 of 287) between 13 and 16 weeks' gestation. The mean lateral thymus diameter ± SD with color Doppler imaging (5.30 ± 0.7 mm) was significantly longer in comparison to the measurement without color Doppler imaging (5.06 ± 0.8 mm; P < .001), whereas the anteroposterior diameter was significantly shorter (3.19 ± 0.9 versus 3.26 ± 0.8 mm; P = .044). Normal percentiles of thymus measurements for gestational age were constructed.ConclusionsThe fetal thymus can be clearly and accurately shown as early as 13 weeks' gestation by using the thy‐box. Measurements with color Doppler imaging were significantly different from those without and hence are preferable, as color Doppler imaging can delineate the thymus borders more accurately.
Sonographic Detection of Extracapsular Extension in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Kamaya Aya , Tahvildari Ali M. , Patel Bhavik N. , Willmann Juergen K. , Jeffrey R. Brooke , Desser Terry S. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo identify and evaluate sonographic features suggestive of extracapsular extension in papillary thyroid cancer.MethodsThree board‐certified radiologists blinded to the final pathologic tumor stage reviewed sonograms of pathologically proven cases of papillary thyroid cancer for the presence of extracapsular extension. The radiologists evaluated the following features: capsular abutment, bulging of the normal thyroid contour, loss of the echogenic capsule, and vascularity extending beyond the capsule.ResultsA total of 129 cases of pathologically proven thyroid cancer were identified. Of these, 51 were excluded because of lack of preoperative sonography, and 16 were excluded because of pathologic findings showing anaplastic carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, or microcarcinoma (<10 mm). The final analysis group consisted of 62 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, 16 of whom had pathologically proven extracapsular extension. The presence of capsular abutment had 100% sensitivity for detection of extracapsular extension. Conversely, lack of capsular abutment had a 100% negative predictive value (NPV) for excluding extracapsular extension. Contour bulging had 88% sensitivity for detection of extracapsular extension and when absent had an 87% NPV. Loss of the echogenic capsule was the best predictor of the presence of extracapsular extension, with an odds ratio of 10.23 (P = .034). This sonographic finding had 75% sensitivity, 65% specificity, and an 88% NPV. Vascularity beyond the capsule had 89% specificity but sensitivity of only 25%.ConclusionsSonographic features of capsular abutment, contour bulging, and loss of the echogenic thyroid capsule have excellent predictive value for excluding or detecting extracapsular extension and may help in biopsy selection, surgical planning, and treatment of patients with papillary thyroid cancer.
The role of methylphenidate in depression
Authors: May Meghan Ellinger , VandenBerg Amy 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Depression is a burdening disease state where up to 30% of individuals do not respond to first-line treatment. Adjunctive use of psychostimulants has been investigated for the treatment of depression in patient populations, including those with treatment-resistant depression or terminal illness. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the literature on the efficacy of using methylphenidate to manage depression.

Methods
A search was conducted in PubMed, Ovid/MEDLINE, and PsychINFO using the following key words: psychostimulants, stimulants, methylphenidate, alternative therapy, depression, and major depressive disorder. All reports included were published before June 30, 2015.

Results
For this review 10 reports, including randomized controlled, case series, and retrospective chart review studies, were identified and assessed. Patient populations studied included patients with treatment-resistant depression, patients with terminal illness, geriatric patients, and patients with miscellaneous indications, such as history of stroke and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). For treatment-resistant depression, treatment differences for fatigue and apathy in favor of methylphenidate were found, but no difference was found for response rates in depression. Additionally, in palliative care and hospice patients, methylphenidate was found to improve fatigue and depressive symptoms. Patients with other conditions (poststroke and HIV patients) achieved some relief of depressive symptoms.

Conclusion
The efficacy data for methylphenidate in depression are limited, with inconsistent results in specific patient populations that limit external validity. At this time, it should not be recommended as first-line treatment in depression. Future research should be developed focusing on long-term safety and efficacy in nonspecialized patient populations.