bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance–guided laser interstitial thermal therapy: report of a series of pediatric brain tumors
Authors: Tovar-Spinoza Zulma , Choi Hoon 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
Magnetic resonance–guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is a novel, minimally invasive treatment that has multiple advantages in pediatric use and broad applicability for different types of lesions. Here, the authors report the preliminary results of the first series of pediatric brain tumors treated with MRgLITT at Golisano Children's Hospital in Syracuse, New York.

METHODS
Pediatric brain tumors treated with MRgLITT between February 2012 and August 2014 at Golisano Children's Hospital were evaluated retrospectively. Medical records, radiological findings, surgical data, complications, and results of tumor volumetric analyses were reviewed. The Visualase thermal laser system (Medtronic) was used in all MRgLITT procedures.

RESULTS
This series included 11 patients with 12 tumors (pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, choroid plexus xanthogranuloma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, and ganglioglioma). A single laser and multiple overlapping ablations were used for all procedures. The mean laser dose was 10.23 W, and the mean total ablation time was 68.95 seconds. The mean initial target volume was 6.79 cm3, and the mean immediate post-ablation volume was 7.86 cm3. The mean hospital stay was 3.25 days, and the mean follow-up time was 24.5 months. Tumor volume decreased in the first 3 months after surgery (n = 11; p = 0.007) and continued to decrease by the 4- to 6-month followup (n = 11; mean volume 2.61 cm3; p = 0.009). Two patients experienced post-ablation complications: transient right leg weakness in one patient, and transient hemiparesis, akinetic mutism, and eye movement disorder in the other.

CONCLUSIONS
Magnetic resonance–guided laser interstitial thermal therapy is an effective first- or second-line treatment for select pediatric brain tumors. Larger multiinstitutional clinical trials are necessary to evaluate its use for different types of lesions to further standardize practices.
Brain tissue oxygen tension and its response to physiological manipulations: influence of distance from injury site in a swine model of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Hawryluk Gregory W. J. , Phan Nicolas , Ferguson Adam R. , Morabito Diane , Derugin Nikita , Stewart Campbell L. , Knudson M. Margaret , Manley Geoffrey , Rosenthal Guy 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
The optimal site for placement of tissue oxygen probes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unresolved. The authors used a previously described swine model of focal TBI and studied brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) at the sites of contusion, proximal and distal to contusion, and in the contralateral hemisphere to determine the effect of probe location on PbtO2 and to assess the effects of physiological interventions on PbtO2 at these different sites.

METHODS
A controlled cortical impact device was used to generate a focal lesion in the right frontal lobe in 12 anesthetized swine. PbtO2 was measured using Licox brain tissue oxygen probes placed at the site of contusion, in pericontusional tissue (proximal probe), in the right parietal region (distal probe), and in the contralateral hemisphere. PbtO2 was measured during normoxia, hyperoxia, hypoventilation, and hyperventilation.

RESULTS
Physiological interventions led to expected changes, including a large increase in partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood with hyperoxia, increased intracranial pressure (ICP) with hypoventilation, and decreased ICP with hyperventilation. Importantly, PbtO2 decreased substantially with proximity to the focal injury (contusion and proximal probes), and this difference was maintained at different levels of fraction of inspired oxygen and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. In the distal and contralateral probes, hypoventilation and hyperventilation were associated with expected increased and decreased PbtO2 values, respectively. However, in the contusion and proximal probes, these effects were diminished, consistent with loss of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity at and near the injury site. Similarly, hyperoxia led to the expected rise in PbtO2 only in the distal and contralateral probes, with little or no effect in the proximal and contusion probes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
PbtO2 measurements are strongly influenced by the distance from the site of focal injury. Physiological alterations, including hyperoxia, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation substantially affect PbtO2 values distal to the site of injury but have little effect in and around the site of contusion. Clinical interpretations of brain tissue oxygen measurements should take into account the spatial relation of probe position to the site of injury. The decision of where to place a brain tissue oxygen probe in TBI patients should also take these factors into consideration.
Postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia in patients with spondylodiscitis and posterior spinal fusion surgery
Authors: Gessler Florian , Mutlak Haitham , Tizi Karima , Senft Christian , Setzer Matthias , Seifert Volker , Weise Lutz 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
The value of postoperative epidural analgesia after major spinal surgery is well established. Thus far, the use of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) has been denied to patients undergoing debridement and instrumentation in spondylodiscitis, with the risk of increased postoperative pain resulting in prolonged recovery. The value of PCEA with special regard to infectious complications remains to be clarified. The present study examined the value of postoperative PCEA in comparison with intravenous analgesia in patients with spondylodiscitis undergoing posterior spinal surgery.

METHODS
Thirty-two patients treated surgically for spondylodiscitis of the thoracic and lumbar spine were prospectively included in a database and retrospectively reviewed for this study. Postoperative antibiotic treatment, functional capacity, pain levels, side effects, and complications were documented. Sixteen patients were given patient-demanded intravenous analgesia (PIA) followed by 16 patients assigned to PCEA. If PCEA was applied, the insertion of an epidural catheter was performed under the direct visual guidance of the surgeon at the end of the surgery.

RESULTS
Three patients intended for PCEA treatment were excluded due to predefined exclusion criteria. Postoperative pain was significantly lower in the PCEA group during the first 48 hours after surgery (p = 0.03). As determined by the trunk control test conducted at 8 (p < 0.001), 24 (p = 0.004), 48 (p = 0.015), 72 (p = 0.0031), and 96 hours (p < 0.001), patients in the PCEA treatment group displayed significantly increased mobilization capacity compared with those of the PIA group. Time until normal accomplishment of all mobilization maneuvers was reduced in the PCEA group compared with that in the PIA group (p = 0.04). No differences in complication rates were observed between the 2 groups (p = 0.52).

CONCLUSIONS
PCEA may reduce postoperative pain and lead to earlier achievement of functional capacity at a low complication rate in patients with surgically treated lumbar and thoracic spondylodiscitis.
Central tarsal bone fracture in a cat
Authors: Cinti Filippo , Penazzi Claudio , Carusi Umberto , Vezzoni Luca , Vezzoni Aldo , Pisani Guido 
Published: February 2016

SummaryFracture of the central tarsal bone is an uncommon injury in dogs and occurs predominantly in racing Greyhounds. To the authors’ knowledge, this type of fracture has not been described previously in cats. This case report describes a five-year-old Domestic Shorthair cat referred to the Centro Veterinario Luni Mare because of lameness, swelling and signs of pain in the right hindlimb caused by trauma. Clinical examination and diagnostic imaging revealed a right central tarsal bone fracture. Open reduction and internal fixation with a 2.0 mm position screw and two 0.8 mm Kirschner wires were carried out. The last follow-up examination three years postoperatively found the cat in good health with normal range of motion and function, and no signs of lameness in the right hindlimb.
Noter la construction d’un objet : comparaison des notations en situation de mémorisation et de communication. Étude chez les enfants âgés de 6 à 11 ans
Authors: Gaux Christine 
Published: February 2016

L’évolution de la capacité des enfants à mobiliser un système de notation, pour représenter la construction d’un objet, un cerf réalisé en pièces de Lego, a été étudiée dans deux situations courantes : communication et mémorisation d’une information. Quatre groupes de 36 enfants chacun, âgés de 6 à 11 ans devaient trouver un moyen d’aider les élèves d’une autre école à réaliser cet assemblage ou de se rappeler de cet assemblage. La spontanéité des notations et leur fonctionnalité augmentent avec l’âge. Quel que soit l’âge, la notation est majoritairement un dessin, plus adapté à la nature figurative de l’objet, et rarement un texte. Le contexte de production influence la spontanéité des notations chez les enfants de 11 ans, mais n’a que peu d’influence sur leur qualité.
Trisomie 21 et stigmatisation Expériences de parents
Authors: Vassy Carine , Jaravine Doyna 
Published: February 2016

Pour analyser la stigmatisation dont la trisomie 21 fait l’objet, nous avons interrogé des parents d’enfants porteurs de cette anomalie génétique. Nous avons mené des entretiens avec 14 parents en région parisienne dans une perspective sociologique interactionniste. Certaines de leurs interactions avec des professionnels du soin et de l’école, peuvent être interprétées en termes de stigmatisation.
Une approche de la gouvernance et de la régulation territoriales et interterritoriales des politiques et projets communautaires à travers l’analyse comparée des contrats de territoire dans deux Communautés Urbaines
Authors: Dupuis Jérôme 
Published: February 2016

Depuis de nombreuses années, les collectivités locales, face à l’imbrication de leurs missions et financements, ont développé voire institutionnalisé des formes nouvelles d’action publique propres à mettre la logique de projet au cœur de leurs relations multi-échelles. Après avoir qualifié les contours et portées des contrats territoriaux comme registres et leviers de gouvernance et de régulation territoriales et interterritoriales, notre réflexion s’attache à présenter deux expériences respectivement menées par Nantes Métropole et Lille Métropole pour en analyser les processus combinant négociation explicite et arrangement implicite entre les EPCI et les communes relevant de leur périmètre. Leur coexistence faite de complexité et d’opportunité d’action publique territoriale fait naitre une forme de diplomatie territoriale ou l’on passe des alliances sur le mode conventionnel, ce qui impose aux territoires d’avoir progressivement une gestion interterritoriale. Ces deux terrains d’analyse semblent mettre en exergue des situations, certes différentes, où il ne s’agit plus uniquement d’afficher ce que l’on fait pour la collectivité mais aussi pour un ou des territoires ; les décideurs publics se situant dans un espace à la fois plus large et plus étroit développant des registres d’inter territorialités constitutifs d’une nouvelle forme d’action collective ; nous invitant enfin à en décrypter les facettes plus contrastées au regard des ambitions de mise en cohérence et d’emboitements raisonnés des interventions publiques.
Le duel Alis-Shaw, ou le Scramble for Africa par journaux interposés
Authors: Palmer Michael 
Published: February 2016

À Paris et à Londres, dans les années 1890, on fait état de projets rivaux destinés à « unir » les « possessions » francophones ou anglophones en Afrique. Des rhétoriques impérialistes opposées les accompagnent. Dans Le Bulletin du Comité de l’Afrique française , le journaliste Harry Alis défend le discours d’Eugène Étienne du « parti » colonial. Dans le Times , la rédactrice des « pages coloniales », Flora Shaw, promeut la cause de Cecil Rhodes, l’entrepreneur, homme politique et impérialiste britannique et sud-africain. La « crise » de Fachoda peut apparaître comme une victoire britannique, à bien des égards. Cet article retrace les parcours d’Alis et de Shaw, en se référant à la correspondance envoyée à Alis et aux archives du Times , ainsi qu’à d’autres sources 1 .
Comparison of Clinical Features and Long-term Surgical Outcomes in Infantile Constant and Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Na Kun-Hoo , Kim Seung-Hyun 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the long-term surgical outcomes and the clinical features between infantile-onset constant and intermittent exotropia.

Methods:
The medical records of 67 patients diagnosed as having infantile exotropia before 12 months of age who underwent surgery were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into intermittent exotropia and constant exotropia groups based on presentation before surgery. All patients underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession. Preoperative and postoperative clinical features were investigated.

Results:

There were 37 children in the intermittent exotropia group and 30 children in the constant exotropia group. The cumulative probabilities of success 3 years after bilateral lateral rectus recession were 91.9% in the intermittent exotropia group and 70% in the constant exotropia group. Constant deviation was more closely associated with both dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) and inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA) (
P
= .009 and
P
= .009, respectively) and related to poor stereopsis outcome (
P
= .002) and distance suppression (
P
= .029).

Conclusions:
Constant deviation was associated with the development of recurrence, DVD/IOOA, and poor stereopsis after surgery. Constancy of exotropia is a reliable factor for predicting poor surgical outcomes in infantile exotropia at long-term follow-up.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(2):99–104.]
Technical Note: A generic law-of-the-minimum flux limiter for simulating substrate limitation in biogeochemical models
Authors: Tang J. Y. , Riley W. J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. We present a generic flux limiter to account for mass limitations from an arbitrary number of substrates in a biogeochemical reaction network. The flux limiter is based on the observation that substrate (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus) limitation in biogeochemical models can be represented as to ensure mass conservative and non-negative numerical solutions to the governing ordinary differential equations. Application of the flux limiter includes two steps: (1) formulation of the biogeochemical processes with a matrix of stoichiometric coefficients and (2) application of Liebig's law of the minimum using the dynamic stoichiometric relationship of the reactants. This approach contrasts with the ad hoc down-regulation approaches that are implemented in many existing models (such as CLM4.5 and the ACME (Accelerated Climate Modeling for Energy) Land Model (ALM)) of carbon and nutrient interactions, which are error prone when adding new processes, even for experienced modelers. Through an example implementation with a CENTURY-like decomposition model that includes carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, we show that our approach (1) produced almost identical results to that from the ad hoc down-regulation approaches under non-limiting nutrient conditions, (2) properly resolved the negative solutions under substrate-limited conditions where the simple clipping approach failed, (3) successfully avoided the potential conceptual ambiguities that are implied by those ad hoc down-regulation approaches. We expect our approach will make future biogeochemical models easier to improve and more robust.
Spatial impact and triggering conditions of the exceptional hydro-geomorphological event of December 1909 in Iberia
Authors: Pereira S. , Ramos A. M. , Zêzere J. L. , Trigo R. M. , Vaquero J. M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. According to the DISASTER database the 20–28 December 1909 event was the hydro-geomorphologic event with the highest number of flood and landslide cases that occurred in Portugal in the period 1865–2010 (Zêzere et al., 2014). This event also caused important social impacts over the Spanish territory, especially in the Douro Basin, having triggered the highest floods in more than 100 years at the river's mouth in the city of Oporto. This work has a dual purpose: (i) to characterize the spatial distribution and social impacts of the December 1909 hydro-geomorphologic DISASTER event over Portugal and Spain; (ii) to analyse the meteorological conditions that triggered the event and the spatial distribution of the precipitation anomalies. Social impacts that occurred in Portugal were obtained from the Disaster database (Zêzere et al., 2014) whereas the data collection for Spain was supported by the systematic analysis of Spanish daily newspapers. In addition, the meteorological conditions that triggered the event are analysed using the 20th Century Reanalysis data set from NOAA and precipitation data from Iberian meteorological stations. The Iberian Peninsula was spatially affected during this event along the SW-NE direction spanning from Lisbon, Santarém, Oporto, and Guarda (in Portugal), to Salamanca, Valladolid, Zamora, Orense, León, and Palencia (in Spain). In Iberia, 134 DISASTER cases were recorded (130 flood cases; 4 landslides cases) having caused 89 casualties (57 due to floods and 32 due to landslides) and a further total of 3876 affected people, including fatalities, injured, missing, evacuated, and homeless people. This event was associated with outstanding precipitation registered at Guarda (Portugal) on 22 December 1909 and unusual meteorological conditions characterized by the presence of a deep low-pressure system located over the NW Iberian Peninsula with a stationary frontal system striking the western Iberian Peninsula. The presence of an upper-level jet (250 hPa) and low-level jet (900 hPa) located SW–NE oriented towards Iberia along with upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence favoured large-scale precipitation. Finally, associated with these features it is possible to state that this extreme event was clearly associated with the presence of an elongated Atmospheric River, crossing the entire northern Atlantic Basin and providing a continuous supply of moisture that contributed to enhance precipitation. This work contributes to a comprehensive and systematic synoptic evaluation of the second most deadly hydro-geomorphologic DISASTER event that has occurred in Portugal since 1865 and will help to better understand the meteorological system that was responsible for triggering the event.
Provisioning an Urban Center under Foreign Occupation
Authors: Çakırlar Canan , Gourichon Lionel , Birch Suzanne Pilaar , Berthon Rémi , Akar Murat , Yener K. Aslıhan 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
The effects of foreign military interventions on production and distribution systems in occupied lands are commonly assessed through the study of textual sources and pottery typologies in Bronze Age archaeology and historiography. In this article, we explore the zooarchaeological record of the recently uncovered Late Bronze IIA deposits at Alalakh (Tell Atchana) to test whether the Hittite intrusion into Syria had any effect on the economic organization of local policies. The quantitative analysis of taxonomic compositions, mortality profiles, and body part distributions suggests that while slight modifications occurred in the distribution of provisions, the faunal economy of Alalakh did not go through drastic changes under Hittite rule.
Re-created Flatness: Hans Hofmann’s Concept of the Picture Plane as a Medium of Expression
Authors: Schreyach Michael 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
For Hans Hofmann and Clement Greenberg, flatness–more specifically, “re-created flatness,” a term Greenberg adopted after hearing it used in the painter’s important 1938– 39 lectures–became a key term in their accounts of pictorial meaning. In this paper, I articulate what is significant about that idea and draw out its implications for understanding what Hofmann meant by artistic expression. Ultimately, I suggest that the concept of re-created flatness, and its pictorial realization, implies or entails a certain view of expression: namely, that what is expressed by an artwork is the artist’s meaning (in contradistinction to the arbitrary meanings that may be imputed to her work by a viewer). This paper has three principle objectives. First, I overview Hofmann’s unpublished writings and lectures on aesthetics. So far, the critical analysis and evaluation of these materials have had little visibility in modernist studies. I aim not only to contribute a more specific account of Hofmann’s concepts as they were introduced through his program of aesthetic education but also to situate them in a wider intellectual and critical context. Second, I interpret the significance of those ideas for modernist criticism by focusing especially on the concept of re-created flatness as it appears in the writings of both Hofmann and Greenberg. Finally, I hope to demonstrate that Hofmann’s closely associated notions of flatness, depth, and the picture plane are deeply implicated in the issue of modernist painting’s autonomy, especially as formulated by Greenberg.
The Untapped Potential of Magnetic Survey in the Identification of Precontact Archaeological Sites in Wooded Areas
Authors: Hodgetts Lisa , Millaire Jean-Francois , Eastaugh Edward , Chapdelaine Claude 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEvaluating the archaeological potential of wooded areas is often difficult because many of the techniques archaeologists commonly use to locate and map archaeological sites elsewhere are less effective in the trees. Ground cover hinders the visual identification of surface artifacts during pedestrian survey, and the tree canopy impedes many of the techniques used to map areas of interest, such as optical theodolites and DGPS. Shovel test pitting, which disturbs the integrity of sites and provides limited contextual information, is the most common method used to evaluate woodlots today. In light of increasing interest from Indigenous peoples in limiting the impact of archaeological work on their cultural heritage, we are testing less invasive methods to locate and map archaeological sites within wooded areas. Here, we present the results of a magnetic susceptibility survey on a wooded precontact site in southern Quebec, where the technique rapidly determined site limits and pinpointed the location of several longhouses and other features. Where geological conditions are suitable, this method could considerably reduce the cost and impact of archaeological assessment and investigation of wooded sites by both cultural resource management (CRM) and academic archaeologists.
Low-threshold and multi-wavelength Q-switched random erbium-doped fiber laser
Authors: Wang Simin , Lin Wei , Chen Weicheng , Li Can , Yang Changsheng , Qiao Tian , Yang Zhongmin 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We demonstrate a low-threshold and multi-wavelength Q-switched random fiber laser with erbium-doped fiber as the gain medium and Rayleigh scattering as the randomly distributed feedback. Q-switched pulses are generated with threshold as low as 27 mW by combining random cavity resonances and the Q-value modulation effect induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering. The repetition rate is typically on the kilohertz scale with rms timing jitter of <5.5% and rms amplitude fluctuation of <30%. Raman Stokes emissions up to the third order are observed with an overall energy of nearly 42% of the pulse output, which may open an avenue for applications requiring multiple wavelengths.