bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A decoherence-free subspace in a charge quadrupole qubit
Authors: Friesen Mark , Ghosh Joydip , Eriksson M. A. , Coppersmith S. N. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractQuantum computing promises significant speed-up for certain types of computational problems. However, robust implementations of semiconducting qubits must overcome the effects of charge noise that currently limit coherence during gate operations. Here we describe a scheme for protecting solid-state qubits from uniform electric field fluctuations by generalizing the concept of a decoherence-free subspace for spins, and we propose a specific physical implementation: a quadrupole charge qubit formed in a triple quantum dot. The unique design of the quadrupole qubit enables a particularly simple pulse sequence for suppressing the effects of noise during gate operations. Simulations yield gate fidelities 10–1,000 times better than traditional charge qubits, depending on the magnitude of the environmental noise. Our results suggest that any qubit scheme employing Coulomb interactions (for example, encoded spin qubits or two-qubit gates) could benefit from such a quadrupolar design.
Enrichment of low-frequency functional variants revealed by whole-genome sequencing of multiple isolated European populations
Authors: Xue Yali , Mezzavilla Massimo , Haber Marc , McCarthy Shane , Chen Yuan , Narasimhan Vagheesh , Gilly Arthur , Ayub Qasim , Colonna Vincenza , Southam Lorraine , Finan Christopher , Massaia Andrea , Chheda Himanshu , Palta Priit , Ritchie Graham , Asimit Jennifer , Dedoussis George , Gasparini Paolo , Palotie Aarno , Ripatti Samuli , Soranzo Nicole , Toniolo Daniela , Wilson James F. , Durbin Richard , Tyler-Smith Chris , Zeggini Eleftheria 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe genetic features of isolated populations can boost power in complex-trait association studies, and an in-depth understanding of how their genetic variation has been shaped by their demographic history can help leverage these advantageous characteristics. Here, we perform a comprehensive investigation using 3,059 newly generated low-depth whole-genome sequences from eight European isolates and two matched general populations, together with published data from the 1000 Genomes Project and UK10K. Sequencing data give deeper and richer insights into population demography and genetic characteristics than genotype-chip data, distinguishing related populations more effectively and allowing their functional variants to be studied more fully. We demonstrate relaxation of purifying selection in the isolates, leading to enrichment of rare and low-frequency functional variants, using novel statistics, DVxy and SVxy. We also develop an isolation-index (Isx) that predicts the overall level of such key genetic characteristics and can thus help guide population choice in future complex-trait association studies.
The AURORA pilot study for molecular screening of patients with advanced breast cancer–a study of the breast international group
Authors: Maetens Marion , Brown David , Irrthum Alexandre , Aftimos Philippe , Viale Giuseppe , Loibl Sibylle , Laes Jean-François , Campbell Peter J. , Thompson Alastair , Cortes Javier , Seiler Sabine , Vinnicombe Sara , Oliveira Mafalda , Rothé Françoise , Bareche Yacine , Fumagalli Debora , Zardavas Dimitrios , Desmedt Christine , Piccart Martine , Loi Sherene , Sotiriou Christos 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSeveral studies have demonstrated the feasibility of molecular screening of tumour samples for matching patients with cancer to targeted therapies. However, most of them have been carried out at institutional or national level. Herein, we report on the pilot phase of AURORA (NCT02102165), a European multinational collaborative molecular screening initiative for advanced breast cancer patients. Forty-one patients were prospectively enroled at four participating centres across Europe. Metastatic tumours were biopsied and profiled using an Ion Torrent sequencing platform at a central facility. Sequencing results were obtained for 63% of the patients in real-time with variable turnaround time stemming from delays between patient consent and biopsy. At least one clinically actionable mutation was identified in 73% of patients. We used the Illumina sequencing technology for orthogonal validation and achieved an average of 66% concordance of substitution calls per patient. Additionally, copy number aberrations inferred from the Ion Torrent sequencing were compared to single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and found to be 59% concordant on average. Although this study demonstrates that powerful next generation genomic techniques are logistically ready for international molecular screening programs in routine clinical settings, technical challenges remain to be addressed in order to ensure the accuracy and clinical utility of the genomic data.
Quantum critical behavior in the asymptotic limit of high disorder in the medium entropy alloy NiCoCr0.8
Authors: Sales Brian C. , Jin Ke , Bei Hongbin , Nichols John , Chisholm Matthew F. , May Andrew F. , Butch Nicholas P. , Christianson Andrew D. , McGuire Michael A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe behavior of matter near a quantum critical point is one of the most exciting and challenging areas of physics research. Emergent phenomena such as high-temperature superconductivity are linked to the proximity to a quantum critical point. Although significant progress has been made in understanding quantum critical behavior in some low dimensional magnetic insulators, the situation in metallic systems is much less clear. Here, we demonstrate that NiCoCrx single crystal alloys are remarkable model systems for investigating quantum critical point physics in a metallic environment. For NiCoCrx alloys with x ≈ 0.8, the critical exponents associated with a ferromagnetic quantum critical point are experimentally determined from low temperature magnetization and heat capacity measurements. All of the five exponents (γ
T
≈ 1/2, β
T
≈ 1, δ ≈ 3/2, νzm ≈ 2, $${\bar {\rm \alpha}}$$

α

̄

T ≈ 0) are in remarkable agreement with predictions of Belitz–Kirkpatrick–Vojta theory in the asymptotic limit of high disorder. Using these critical exponents, excellent scaling of the magnetization data is demonstrated with no adjustable parameters. We also find a divergence of the magnetic Gruneisen parameter, consistent with a ferromagnetic quantum critical point. This work therefore demonstrates that entropy stabilized concentrated solid solutions represent a unique platform to study quantum critical behavior in a highly tunable class of materials.
Association of SIX1/SIX6 locus polymorphisms with regional circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness: The Nagahama study
Authors: Yoshikawa Munemitsu , Yamashiro Kenji , Nakanishi Hideo , Miyata Manabu , Miyake Masahiro , Hosoda Yoshikatsu , Tabara Yasuharu , Matsuda Fumihiko , Yoshimura Nagahisa ,   the Nagahama Study Group, Kawaguchi Takahisa , Setoh Kazuya , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Kosugi Shinji , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSIX1 and SIX6 are glaucoma susceptibility genes. Previous reports indicate that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs33912345 in SIX6 is associated with inferior circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL) thickness (cpRNFLT). Although the region of visual field defect in glaucoma patients is directly related to cpRNFL thinning, a detailed sector analysis has not been performed in genetic association studies. In the present study, we evaluated 26 tagging SNPs in the SIX1/SIX6 locus ±50 kb region in a population of 2,306 Japanese subjects with 4- and 32-sector cpRNFLT analysis. While no SNPs showed a significant association with cpRNFLT in the 4-sectored analysis, the finer 32-sector assessment clearly showed a significant association between rs33912345 in the SIX1/SIX6 locus with inferior cpRNFL thinning at 292.5–303.8° (β = −4.55, P = 3.0 × 10−5). Furthermore, the fine-sectored cpRNFLT analysis indicated that SIX1/SIX6 polymorphisms would affect cpRNFL thinning at 281.3–303.8°, which corresponds to parafoveal scotoma in a visual field test of glaucoma patients.
Marsupial brood care in Cretaceous tanaidaceans
Authors: Sánchez-García Alba , Delclòs Xavier , Engel Michael S. , Bird Graham J. , Perrichot Vincent , Peñalver Enrique 
Published: June 2017

AbstractParental care in animal evolution has long fascinated biologists, but tracing this complex of behavioural repertoires is challenging, as these transitory states often leave no corporeal traces as fossils. Among modern invertebrates, the tanaidaceans (Malacostraca: Peracarida), a lineage of marsupial crustaceans, show an interesting variety of brooding strategies. Here we report on fossil tanaidaceans from the Cretaceous of Spain and France that provide conclusive evidence for marsupial care of brood-offspring. Two exceptionally preserved female specimens ofAlavatanais carabeandA.margulisaefrom Late Albian Peñacerrada I amber (Spain) possess four pairs of rudimentary oostegites, indicating formation of a marsupium. From Recent data, given the taxonomic distribution of a marsupium of four pairs of oostegites, we hypothesize that this may be plesiomorphic for the Tanaidomorpha. We also report on a peculiar tanaidacean specimen referable to the fossil family Alavatanaidae,Daenerytanais maieuticusgen. et sp. nov., from Early Cenomanian La Buzinie amber (France), preserved with its marsupial pouch and content. Our discoveries provide early evidence of the peracarid reproductive strategy, as seen in modern Tanaidacea, and argue that this form of parental care may have played a role in the diversification of the lineage during this period.
Spatially Confined Spin Polarization and magnetic sublattice control in (La,Sr)MnO3−δ Thin Films by Oxygen Vacancy Ordering
Authors: Moreau Magnus , Selbach Sverre M. , Tybell Thomas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPerovskite oxides are known for their strong structure property coupling and functional properties such as ferromagntism, ferroelectricity and high temperature superconductivity. While the effect of ordered cation vacancies on functional properties have been much studied, the possibility of tuning the functionality through anion vacancy ordering has received much less attention. Oxygen vacancies in ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3−δthin films have recently been shown to accumulate close to interfaces and form a brownmillerite structure (ABO2.5). This structure has alternating oxygen octahedral and tetrahedral layers along the stacking direction, making it a basis for a family of ordered anion defect controlled materials. We use density functional theory to study how structure and properties depend on oxygen stoichiometry, relying on a block-by-block approach by including additional octahedral layers in-between each tetrahedral layer. It is found that the magnetic and electronic structures follow the layers enforced by the ordered oxygen vacancies. This results in spatially confined electronic conduction in the octahedral layers, and decoupling of the magnetic sub-lattices in the octahedral and tetrahedral layers. These results demonstrate that anion defect engineering is a promising tool to tune the properties of functional oxides, adding a new avenue for developing functional oxide device technology.
Altered miRNA expression network in locus coeruleus of depressed suicide subjects
Authors: Roy Bhaskar , Wang Qingzhong , Palkovits Miklos , Faludi Gabor , Dwivedi Yogesh 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNorepinephrine (NE) is produced primarily by neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC). Retrograde and ultrastructural examinations reveal that the core of the LC and its surrounding region receives afferent projections from several brain areas which provide multiple neurochemical inputs to the LC with changes in LC neuronal firing, making it a highly coordinated event. Although NE and mediated signaling systems have been studied in relation to suicide and psychiatric disorders that increase the risk of suicide including depression, less is known about the corresponding changes in molecular network within LC. In this study, we examined miRNA networks in the LC of depressed suicide completers and healthy controls. Expression array revealed differential regulation of 13 miRNAs. Interaction between altered miRNAs and target genes showed dense interconnected molecular network. Functional clustering of predicated target genes yielded stress induced disorders that collectively showed the complex nature of suicidal behavior. In addition, 25 miRNAs were pairwise correlated specifically in the depressed suicide group, but not in the control group. Altogether, our study revealed for the first time the involvement of LC based dysregulated miRNA network in disrupting cellular pathways associated with suicidal behavior.
No cancer predisposition or increased spontaneous mutation frequencies in NEIL DNA glycosylases-deficient mice
Authors: Rolseth Veslemøy , Luna Luisa , Olsen Ann Karin , Suganthan Rajikala , Scheffler Katja , Neurauter Christine G. , Esbensen Ying , Kuśnierczyk Anna , Hildrestrand Gunn A. , Graupner Anne , Andersen Jill M. , Slupphaug Geir , Klungland Arne , Nilsen Hilde , Bjørås Magnar 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBase excision repair (BER) is a major pathway for removal of DNA base lesions and maintenance of genomic stability, which is essential in cancer prevention. DNA glycosylases recognize and remove specific lesions in the first step of BER. The existence of a number of these enzymes with overlapping substrate specificities has been thought to be the reason why single knock-out models of individual DNA glycosylases are not cancer prone. In this work we have characterized DNA glycosylases NEIL1 and NEIL2 (Neil1−/−/Neil2−/−) double and NEIL1, NEIL2 and NEIL3 (Neil1−/−/Neil2−/−/Neil3−/−) triple knock-out mouse models. Unexpectedly, our results show that these mice are not prone to cancer and have no elevated mutation frequencies under normal physiological conditions. Moreover, telomere length is not affected and there was no accumulation of oxidative DNA damage compared to wild-type mice. These results strengthen the hypothesis that the NEIL enzymes are not simply back-up enzymes for each other but enzymes that have distinct functions beyond canonical repair.
Explicit instructions and consolidation promote rewiring of automatic behaviors in the human mind
Authors: Szegedi-Hallgató Emese , Janacsek Karolina , Vékony Teodóra , Tasi Lia Andrea , Kerepes Leila , Hompoth Emőke Adrienn , Bálint Anna , Németh Dezső 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOne major challenge in human behavior and brain sciences is to understand how we can rewire already existing perceptual, motor, cognitive, and social skills or habits. Here we aimed to characterize one aspect of rewiring, namely, how we can update our knowledge of sequential/statistical regularities when they change. The dynamics of rewiring was explored from learning to consolidation using a unique experimental design which is suitable to capture the effect of implicit and explicit processing and the proactive and retroactive interference. Our results indicate that humans can rewire their knowledge of such regularities incidentally, and consolidation has a critical role in this process. Moreover, old and new knowledge can coexist, leading to effective adaptivity of the human mind in the changing environment, although the execution of the recently acquired knowledge may be more fluent than the execution of the previously learned one. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of the cognitive processes underlying behavior change, and can provide insights into how we can boost behavior change in various contexts, such as sports, educational settings or psychotherapy.
Using Attenuated Total Reflection–Fourier Transform Infra-Red (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to distinguish between melanoma cells with a different metastatic potential
Authors: Minnes Refael , Nissinmann Mati , Maizels Yael , Gerlitz Gabi , Katzir Abraham , Raichlin Yosef 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe vast majority of cancer related deaths are caused by metastatic tumors. Therefore, identifying the metastatic potential of cancer cells is of great importance both for prognosis and for determining the correct treatment. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy of biological cells is an evolving research area, whose main aim is to find the spectral differences between diseased and healthy cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform IR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy may be used to determine the metastatic potential of cancer cells. Using the ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, we can identify spectral alterations that are a result of hydration or molecular changes. We examined two murine melanoma cells with a common genetic background but a different metastatic level, and similarly, two human melanoma cells. Our findings revealed that higher metastatic potential correlates with membrane hydration level. Measuring the spectral properties of the cells allows us to determine the membrane hydration levels. Thus, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy has the potential to help in cancer metastasis prognosis.
The effect of trauma and PTSD on telomere length: An exploratory study in people exposed to combat trauma
Authors: Kim Tae Yong , Kim Se Joo , Choi Jong Rak , Lee Seung-Tae , Kim Jieun , Hwang In Sik , Chung Hae Gyung , Choi Jin Hee , Kim Hae Won , Kim Se Hyun , Kang Jee In 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTelomere length has been suggested to be a cellular marker for age-related diseases as well as psychosocial stress. The present study investigated whether telomere length is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among veterans exposed to combat trauma in the Vietnam War. The potentially associated factors on cellular aging were considered. Korean male veterans with (n = 122) and without (n = 120) PTSD were included and leukocyte telomere length was measured with a quantitative PCR-based technique. As a whole, no significant difference in telomere length was found between PTSD and non-PTSD groups. In linear regression analysis stratified by trauma levels, among veterans exposed to severe combat (n = 45), PTSD status (B = −1.176, t = −2.259, p = 0.029), antidepressant use (B = 0.168, t = 2.528, p = 0.015), and education level (B = 0.019, t = 2.369, p = 0.023) affected telomere length. However, among veterans with light-to-moderate combat exposure (n = 197), only age (B = −0.007, t = −2.434, p = 0.016) and education level (B = 0.010, t = 2.295, p = 0.023) were associated with telomere length. In the Post-hoc analysis, antidepressant use was associated with longer telomere length in subjects exposed to severe combat. Our exploratory results suggest that PTSD status in combination with severe trauma may be associated with accelerated telomere shortening, and that antidepressant use may have a protective effect on telomere dynamics.
Adipokines, C-reactive protein and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis – results from a population- based ALS registry in Germany
Authors: Nagel Gabriele , Peter Raphael S. , Rosenbohm Angela , Koenig Wolfgang , Dupuis Luc , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Ludolph Albert C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo investigate the associations of leptin, adiponectin and high-sensitive (hs) C-reactive protein (CRP) with risk and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Data from a population-based case-control study in Southern Germany (10/2010–6/2014) of 289 ALS patients (mean age of 65.7 (SD 10.5) years, 59.5% men) and 506 controls were included. During median follow-up of 14.5 months of 279 ALS patients 104 (53.9% men, 68.9 (10.3) years) died. Serum samples were measured for leptin, adiponectin and hs-CRP. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate ALS risk. Survival models were used to appraise the prognostic value. ALS patients were characterized by lower levels of school education, BMI and smoking prevalence. Adjusted for covariates, leptin was inversely associated with ALS risk (top vs. bottom quartile: OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.29–0.80), while for adiponectin a positive association was found (OR 2.89; 95% CI 1.78–4.68). Among ALS patients increasing leptin concentrations were associated with longer survival (p for trend 0.002), while for adiponectin no association was found (p for trend 0.55). For hs-CRP no association was found. Leptin and adiponectin, two key hormones regulating energy metabolism, were strongly and independently related with ALS risk. Leptin levels were further negatively related with overall survival of ALS patients.
Three-dimensional spheroid culture targeting versatile tissue bioassays using a PDMS-based hanging drop array
Authors: Kuo Ching-Te , Wang Jong-Yueh , Lin Yu-Fen , Wo Andrew M. , Chen Benjamin P. C. , Lee Hsinyu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBiomaterial-based tissue culture platforms have emerged as useful tools to mimic in vivo physiological microenvironments in experimental cell biology and clinical studies. We describe herein a three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture platform using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based hanging drop array (PDMS-HDA) methodology. Multicellular spheroids can be achieved within 24 h and further boosted by incorporating collagen fibrils in PDMS-HDA. In addition, the spheroids generated from different human tumor cells exhibited distinct sensitivities toward drug chemotherapeutic agents and radiation as compared with two-dimensional (2D) cultures that often lack in vivo-like biological insights. We also demonstrated that multicellular spheroids may enable key hallmarks of tissue-based bioassays, including drug screening, tumor dissemination, cell co-culture, and tumor invasion. Taken together, these results offer new opportunities not only to achieve the active control of 3D multicellular spheroids on demand, but also to establish a rapid and cost-effective platform to study anti-cancer therapeutics and tumor microenvironments.
Desensitized D2 autoreceptors are resistant to trafficking
Authors: Robinson Brooks G. , Bunzow James R. , Grimm Jonathan B. , Lavis Luke D. , Dudman Joshua T. , Brown Jennifer , Neve Kim A. , Williams John T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDendritic release of dopamine activates dopamine D2 autoreceptors, which are inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), to decrease the excitability of dopamine neurons. This study used tagged D2 receptors to identify the localization and distribution of these receptors in living midbrain dopamine neurons. GFP-tagged D2 receptors were found to be unevenly clustered on the soma and dendrites of dopamine neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Physiological signaling and desensitization of the tagged receptors were not different from wild type receptors. Unexpectedly, upon desensitization the tagged D2 receptors were not internalized. When tagged D2 receptors were expressed in locus coeruleus neurons, a desensitizing protocol induced significant internalization. Likewise, when tagged µ-opioid receptors were expressed in dopamine neurons they too were internalized. The distribution and lack of agonist-induced internalization of D2 receptors on dopamine neurons indicate a purposefully regulated localization of these receptors.