bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buyer beware: health choices information broadcast to the public
Authors: Birnbaum David 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– This paper is based on the author’s 2015 Northwest Patient Safety Conference presentation, consistent with a conference theme of improving doctor-patient communication. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Ongoing systematic accumulation and critical review of research literature regarding design of effective public information websites, conducted from 2008-2015 while the author was supervising the prototyping, refinement and evaluation of healthcare-associated infections public information websites.

Findings
– In 2005, the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services launched its Hospital Compare website, announced as an enormous step forward by providing objective information to inform consumer choices. Subsequently, many other websites and programs emerged to report quality-of-care ratings of hospitals and doctors, and provide other advice intended to help the public inform their choices. When objectively evaluated to a scientific publication-level standard, websites like Hospital Compare show relatively low usage and disappointing impact; individual providers rank so differently across ratings websites that it is difficult to see how trustworthy conclusions could be drawn; and much of the advice offered through popular media is not supported by believable evidence. Further, research shows healthcare professionals and members of the lay public view concepts of evidence and evidence-based decisions quite differently. Badly informed misguided decisions can have negative consequences for providers, patients and public trust.

Originality/value
– Populism and celebrity seem to have trumped science during recent growth of public information resources for health choices. This paper summarizes serious flaws underlying resulting information products, indicating necessary changes to better serve a legitimate need.
The role of patient narratives in healthcare innovation: supporting translation and meaning making
Authors: Pedersen Anne Reff 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the process and impact of patient involvement in locally defined improvement projects in two hospital clinics. The paper particularly aims to examine how patient narratives, in the form of diaries and radio montage, help to create new insights into patient experience for healthcare professionals, and support professionals’ enrolment and mobilisation in innovation projects.

Design/methodology/approach
– Two case studies were undertaken. These drew upon qualitative interviews with staff and participant observation during innovation workshops. Patient diaries and a recorded montage of patient voices were also collected.

Findings
– The findings illuminate translation processes in healthcare innovation and the emergence of meaning making process for staff through the active use of patient narratives. The paper highlights the critical role of meaning making as an enabler of patient-centred change processes in healthcare via: local clinic mangers defining problems and ideas; collecting and sharing patient narratives in innovation workshops; and healthcare professionals’ interpretation of patient narratives supporting new insights into patient experience.

Practical implications
– This study demonstrates how healthcare professionals’ meaning making can be supported by articulating, constructing, listening and interpreting patient narratives. The two cases demonstrate how patient narratives serve as reflective devices for healthcare professionals.

Originality/value
– This study presents a novel demonstration of the importance of patient narratives for translating healthcare innovation in a clinical practice setting.
Enzymatic Treatment and Its Influence on Finishing and Dyeing Properties of Jute Fabrics
Authors: El-Zawahry M.M. , Helmy H. M. , Abou-Okeil A. 
Published: April 2016

Enzymatic treatment of jute fabrics with neutral cellulase enzymes is investigated systematically. The factors affecting enzymatic treatment including, time, liquor ratio, temperature and enzyme concentration are also examined. The hydrolyzed pretreated surfaces of jute fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), weight loss (WL) and wettability (Wet) tests. WL% and Wet were found to increase as the time, temperature and cellulase concentration increased. SEM images showed that the surface of the treated fabrics was smoother and more polished than that of the untreated fabrics after being subject to optimal treatment conditions.
In contrast, rough surface, fibrillation, surface pilling and multicellular were observed in the images of the untreated fabrics. The dyeing behavior of both untreated and enzymatically treated jute fabrics with reactive dyes was also evaluated under different dyebath conditions. The measured exhaustion and fixation percent showed a significant enhancement of the dyeability of biopolished pretreated fabrics compared to untreated fabrics. The results of fastness properties also indicate good washing, perspiration and rubbing fastness.
Interleukin-2 Therapy Induces CD4 Downregulation, Which Decreases Circulating CD4 T Cell Counts, in African Green Monkeys
Authors: Mudd Joseph C. , Perkins Molly R. , DiNapoli Sarah R. , Hirsch Vanessa M. , Brenchley Jason M. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

African green monkeys (AGMs) are natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV
AGM
). Because these animals do not develop simian AIDS despite maintaining high viral loads, there is considerable interest in determining how these animals have evolved to avoid SIV disease progression. Unlike nonnatural hosts of SIV, adult AGMs maintain low levels of CD4
+
T cells at steady states and also have a large population of virus-resistant CD8αα T cells that lack CD4 expression despite maintaining T helper cell functionalities. In recent work, we have shown that homeostatic cytokines can induce CD4 downregulation in AGM T cells
in vitro
. Through administering therapeutic doses of recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) to AGMs, we show here that this mechanism is operative
in vivo
. IL-2 therapy induced transient yet robust proliferation in all major T cell subsets. Within the CD4
+
T cell population, those that were induced into cycle by IL-2 exhibited characteristics of CD4-to-CD8αα conversion. In all animals receiving IL-2, circulating CD4
+
T cell counts and proportions tended to be lower and CD4
−
CD8αα
+
T cell counts tended to be higher. Despite reductions in circulating target cells, the viral load was unaffected over the course of study.

IMPORTANCE
The data in this study identify that homeostatic cytokines can downregulate CD4
in vivo
and, when given therapeutically, can induce AGMs to sustain very low levels of circulating CD4
+
T cells without showing signs of immunodeficiency.
Impact of continuous Medical Aid utilisation on healthcare utilisation: unique insight using the 2008–2012 Korean Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS)
Authors: Kim Jae-Hyun , Kim Na Rae , Park Eun-Cheol , Han Kyu-Tae , Choi Young , Lee Sang Gyu 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesAlthough there has been considerable discussion about the social safety net, few studies related to effect of duration of continuous receipt of Medical Aid on healthcare utilisation have been conducted. Therefore, we investigate whether the duration of receiving Medical Aid affected medical care utilisation.SettingData were collected from the Korean Welfare Panel Study conducted from 2008 to 2012.ParticipantsWe included 11 783 samples.InterventionsEstimating changes in their healthcare utilisation during specific time intervals (1, 2 and ≥3 years) after they switched from National Health Insurance to Medical Aid.Primary and secondary outcome measuresNumber of outpatient visits.ResultsThe number of outpatient visits per year was 0.0.051-fold higher (p value: 0.434) among those who were Medical Aid beneficiaries for a continuous period of 1 year, 0.0.267-fold higher (p value: 0.000) among those who were beneficiaries for a continuous period of 2 years, and 0.0.562-fold higher (p value:<0.0001) among those who were beneficiaries for a continuous period of 3 years than it was among those who were beneficiaries of National Health Insurance.ConclusionsOur results reflect an association between the number of consecutive years of receiving Medical Aid and number of outpatient visits. Since duration of dependence is correlated with reduced exit rates, limits on length of benefits should be considered to strengthen the incentive to return to work.
Large-scale investment in green space as an intervention for physical activity, mental and cardiometabolic health: study protocol for a quasi-experimental evaluation of a natural experiment
Authors: Astell-Burt Thomas , Feng Xiaoqi , Kolt Gregory S 
Published: April 2016

Introduction‘Green spaces’ such as public parks are regarded as determinants of health, but evidence from tends to be based on cross-sectional designs. This protocol describes a study that will evaluate a large-scale investment in approximately 5280 hectares of green space stretching 27 km north to south in Western Sydney, Australia.Methods and analysisA Geographic Information System was used to identify 7272 participants in the 45 and Up Study baseline data (2006–2008) living within 5 km of the Western Sydney Parklands and some of the features that have been constructed since 2009, such as public access points, advertising billboards, walking and cycle tracks, BBQ stations, and children's playgrounds. These data were linked to information on a range of health and behavioural outcomes, with the second wave of data collection initiated by the Sax Institute in 2012 and expected to be completed by 2015. Multilevel models will be used to analyse potential change in physical activity, weight status, social contacts, mental and cardiometabolic health within a closed sample of residentially stable participants. Comparisons between persons with contrasting proximities to different areas of the Parklands will provide ‘treatment’ and ‘control’ groups within a ‘quasi-experimental’ study design. In line with expectations, baseline results prior to the enhancement of the Western Sydney Parklands indicated virtually no significant differences in the distribution of any of the outcomes with respect to proximity to green space preintervention.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained for the 45 and Up Study from the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee. Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the University of Western Sydney Ethics Committee. Findings will be disseminated through partner organisations (the Western Sydney Parklands and the National Heart Foundation of Australia), as well as to policymakers in parallel with scientific papers and conference presentations.
Smooth Muscle Enriched Long Noncoding RNA (
SMILR
) Regulates Cell Proliferation
Authors: Ballantyne Margaret D. , Pinel Karine , Dakin Rachel , Vesey Alex T. , Diver Louise , Mackenzie Ruth , Garcia Raquel , Welsh Paul , Sattar Naveed , Hamilton Graham , Joshi Nikhil , Dweck Marc R. , Miano Joseph M. , McBride Martin W. , Newby David E. , McDonald Robert A. , Baker Andrew H. 
Published: April 2016

Background—
Phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells from a contractile to a synthetic state is implicated in diverse vascular pathologies, including atherogenesis, plaque stabilization, and neointimal hyperplasia. However, very little is known about the role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) during this process. Here, we investigated a role for lncRNAs in vascular smooth muscle cell biology and pathology.

Methods and Results—

Using RNA sequencing, we identified >300 lncRNAs whose expression was altered in human saphenous vein vascular smooth muscle cells following stimulation with interleukin-1α and platelet-derived growth factor. We focused on a novel lncRNA (Ensembl: RP11-94A24.1), which we termed smooth muscle–induced lncRNA enhances replication (
SMILR
). Following stimulation,
SMILR
expression was increased in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, and was detected in conditioned media. Furthermore, knockdown of
SMILR
markedly reduced cell proliferation. Mechanistically, we noted that expression of genes proximal to
SMILR
was also altered by interleukin-1α/platelet-derived growth factor treatment, and
HAS2
expression was reduced by
SMILR
knockdown. In human samples, we observed increased expression of
SMILR
in unstable atherosclerotic plaques and detected increased levels in plasma from patients with high plasma C-reactive protein.

Conclusions—

These results identify
SMILR
as a driver of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and suggest that modulation of
SMILR
may be a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce vascular pathologies.
Support across life course regimes. A comparative model of social work as construction of social problems, needs, and rights
Authors: Walther Andreas 
Published: April 2016

Summary This article aims at contributing to a systematisation of comparative social work research with regard to reflection on its purpose, object, and methodology. On one hand, models and approaches from comparative welfare and education are presented and applied to comparative social work research. On the other hand, a theoretical and methodological framework model is suggested which develops comparative social work research from a life course perspective which allows to contextualise social work practice in terms of the functions and meanings it takes in different societies. This model of life course regimes is based on a series of comparative studies on young people's transitions to adulthood and the public policy and practice addressing them. Findings The model of life course regimes provides a framework of contextual knowledge which enables interpretation by relating comparative findings with regard to social work to the respective societal contexts. It represents a framework for clustering different constellations of social integration and normality providing social work with specific functions and meanings. Application The model of life course regimes may inform the sampling of comparative studies as well as guiding the process of interpretation and analysis. Apart from this it represents a source of critical reflexivity both for theory and practice.
Preliminary Development of a Multidimensional Semantic Patient Experience Measurement Questionnaire
Authors: Kleiss James A. 
Published: April 2016

Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess the utility and reliability of a multidimensional patient experience measurement questionnaire in a clinical setting. Background: Patient experience has emerged as an important metric for quality of healthcare. A number of separate concepts have been used to measure patient experience, but psychological research suggests that subjective experience is actually a composite of several independent concepts including: (a) evaluation/valence, (b) potency/control, (c) activity/arousal, and (d) novelty. The present research evaluates the reliability of a multidimensional patient experience measurement questionnaire in a clinical setting. Method: A multidimensional semantic differential questionnaire was developed to measure the four underlying semantic dimensions of patient experience mentioned above. A group of 60 patients used the questionnaire to assess prescan expectations and postscan experience of a magnetic resonance scan. Results: Data for one patient were deleted because their scan was interrupted. Results revealed more positive evaluation/valence, higher potency/control, and lower activity/arousal for postscan ratings compared to prescan expectations. Ratings of novelty were neutral in both the prescan and the postscan conditions. Subsequent analysis suggested that internal consistency for some concepts could be improved by replacing several specific rating scales. Conclusions: Present results provide evidence of the utility and reliability of a multidimensional semantic questionnaire for measuring patient experience in an actual clinical setting. Recommendations to improve internal consistency for the concepts potency/control, activity/arousal, and novelty were also provided.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF MODERN RUSSIA
Authors: Мельникова  , Melnikova Raisa 
Published: April 2016

The article discusses issues related to referring of local government to the institutions of civil society and its role and place in modern political system of Russia in the context of the study of the principle of democracy at the municipal level.
The author proves that in the context of political modernization, the local government and its reform should be viewed not only as economic and technological transformations in the local municipal areas of the state, but as an actor of political reforms, set up in modern political processes.
MANAGEMENT OF LABOR POTENTIAL OF SELF-REGULATORY ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Гришакова  , Grishakova Elena 
Published: April 2016

The article is devoted to the problems of managing labor potential of self-regulatory organizations. The author structures the social factors that influence the labor potential of the staff; some measures are proposed that could stimulate the implementation of self-regulatory organizations when creating optimal conditions in the building of management systems of labor potential.
The author proves the need for a single information resource, which is an information platform for the placement of monitoring the activities of all registered self-regulatory organizations, and by allowing on-line tools to generate a feedback rating system and scales of assessment of their activities.
FINANCIAL MOTIVATION AS INEFFICIENT SOCIAL TECHNOLOGY IN STIMULATING PUBLIC MANAGERS
Authors: Савчук  , Savchuk Dmitriy 
Published: April 2016

The article presents an analysis of the use of social technology of material motivation in the process of formation of managers by state. The general issues of public policy in the field of formation of staff are examined.
The research is done by using a range of methods: analysis of data of Federal State Statistics Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation; analysis of legal documents governing these problems. The result of the research work is the analysis of correlation of social technologies used for different kinds of motivation of managerial staff of government. Application of research results is possible in the development of the unified concept of public policy aimed at the formation of staff potential of government. The main conclusions are the following: the use of material incentives to administrative staff does not give the desired effect. In addition to financial and other types of motivation, it is necessary to regulate the process of career growth of senior management strictly.
What is traumatic birth? A concept analysis and literature review
Authors: Greenfield Mari , Jomeen Julie , Glover Lesley 
Published: April 2016

Background: A number of women experience childbirth as traumatic. This experience can have enduring and potentially lifelong effects on both mental and physical health, and have implications for the woman's relationship with her baby, partner and family. It can also have implications for future decisions about pregnancy and birth. However, the meaning of the term ‘traumatic birth’ remains poorly defined. Clear understanding of the concept is critical to better underpin understanding and effectively evaluate women's experiences. Objective: To review the literature pertaining to ‘traumatic birth’ and produce a definition of the concept. Methods: The concept analysis framework of Walker and Avant (2011) was used. Electronic bibliographic databases CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO and Cochrane were searched to find papers written in English and dated 1998–2015. From a narrative literature review, the defining attributes were ascertained, and model, borderline, related, contrary, invented and illegitimate cases were constructed. The antecedents and consequences were then identified and empirical referents determined. Findings: The apparent attributes of ‘traumatic birth’ are that a baby has emerged from the body of its mother at a gestation where survival was possible. This birth has involved events and/or care that have caused deep distress or disturbance to the mother, and the distress has outlived the immediate experience. Conclusions: ‘Traumatic birth’ is a complex concept which is used to describe a series of related experiences of, and negative psychological responses to, childbirth. Physical trauma in the form of injury to the baby or mother may be involved, but is not a necessary condition.
Postpartum morbidities in Iranian women 5 years after childbirth: A longitudinal study
Authors: Rouhi Maryam , Vizheh Maryam , Rouhi Leila , Esmaili Hossein , Vaziri Leila , Gherekhlou Zeynab Fathi 
Published: April 2016

Background: Awareness about the extent of maternal physical and emotional health problems after childbirth is increasing, but few longitudinal studies have been published. Aims: The aim of this study was to describe changes in the prevalence of maternal health problems in the 5 years after birth and their association with parity. Methods: A population-based cohort study was conducted in Mahabad, a city in the West Azerbaijan province of Iran. The study population comprised women who visited public health-care centres for routine antenatal care from May 2009 to September 2013. Findings: Based on a sample size analysis, 311 women were recruited to the study. Over the 5-year period, 32 participants were lost to follow-up, with a total of 279 participants completing all five stages of the research. Overall, the majority (94%) of postpartum morbidities did not resolve within the first week, and 26% of participants reported experiencing issues 5 years postpartum. Adjusting for the method of birth, primiparous women were more likely than multiparous women to report fatigue at all stages, and sexual problems were most frequently reported by multiparous women. Conclusions: Health problems commonly occurred after childbirth, with some resolution over the 5 years after childbirth. Important differences in prevalence of postpartum morbidities were evident when parity was considered.
Construction of Solutions for a Nonlinear Elliptic Problem on Riemannian Manifolds with Boundary
Authors: Ghimenti Marco , Micheletti Anna Maria 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Let

(
M
,
g
)

${(M,g)}$

be a smooth compact n-dimensional Riemannian manifold (

n
≥
2

${n\geq 2}$

) with smooth

(

n
-
1

)

${(n-1)}$

-dimensional boundary

∂
⁡
M

${\partial M}$

. We prove that the stable critical points of the mean curvature of the boundary generates

H
1

⁢

(
M
)

${H^{1}(M)}$

solutions for the following singularly perturbed elliptic problem with Neumann boundary conditions:

-

ε
2

⁢

Δ
g

⁢
u

+
u

=

u

p
-
1

⁢
in
⁢
M

,

u
>

0
⁢
in
⁢
M

,

∂
⁡
u

∂
⁡
ν

=

0
⁢
on
⁢

∂
⁡
M

,

$-\varepsilon^{2}\Delta_{g}u+u=u^{p-1}\text{ in }M,\quad u>0\text{ in }M,\quad% \frac{\partial u}{\partial\nu}=0\text{ on }\partial M,$

when ε is small enough. Here p is subcritical.