bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Process of Gas and Downhole Water Sink-Assisted Gravity Drainage (G&DWS-AGD) to Enhance Oil Recovery in Reservoirs with Water Coning
Authors: Al-Mudhafar Watheq J. , Wojtanowicz Andrew K. , Rao Dandina N. 
Published: September 2017

The Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) process has been suggested to enhance oil recovery by placing vertical injectors for CO2 at the top of the reservoir with a series of horizontal producers located at the bottom. The injected gas accumulates to form a gas cap while oil and water drain down to the bottom due to their heavier densities. The GAGD process has limitations with regards to the high levels of water cut and high tendency of water coning. This paper provides an integration of water sink into the GAGD process to overcome these limitations.
The hybrid process of Gas Injection and Downhole Water Sink-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GDWS-AGD) was developed and tested to minimize water cut in oil production wells from reservoirs with bottom water drives and strong water coning tendencies. In the combined technologies, the 7 inch production casing are dual completed for two 2-3/8 inch horizontal tubings: one above the oil-water contact for oil production and one underneath for water sink. The two completions are hydraulically isolated inside the well by a packer. The bottom (water sink) completion employs a submersible pump and water-drainage perforations.
The submersible pump drains the formation water from around the well and prevents the water from breaking through the oil column and getting into the horizontal oil-producing perforations. The GDWS-AGD was efficiently adopted to improve oil recovery at the upper sandstone member/South Rumaila Oil Field, located in Iraq. The Rumaila field has an infinite active aquifer with very strong edge and bottom water drives. Many successive cases were conducted to obtain the clearest image about optimal setting of the combined processes. These cases include oil and water production only, oil and water production with constant pressure gas injection, and oil and water production with decreased pressure gas injection. The injection pressure needed to be periodically decreased in order to ensure immiscibility of CO2 flooding. In the GDWS-AGD, the produced water not only reduced water cut and coning, but also significantly reduced the reservoir pressure, resulting in improving gas injectivity. In addition, the GDWS-AGD process improved oil recovery to promising levels. More specifically, the results showed that oil recovery increased from 71% to 85% and water cut decreased from 98% to less than 5% in all the horizontal oil producers.
The novelty of GDWS-AGD process comes from its effectiveness to improve oil recovery with reducing the water coning, water cut, and improving gas injectivity. This leads to more economic implementation, especially with respect to the operational surface facilities.
Pressure Transient Analysis for Characterization of Lateral and Vertical Leakage through Faults
Authors: Mosaheb Mojtaba , Zeidouni Mehdi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A fault is a potential pathway for fluid leakage, which can contaminate underground water resources. In addition, fault leakage can affect hydrocarbon production. This study aims to develop a type-curve-based methodology to characterize a fault both laterally and vertically using pressure transient analysis. We develop an analytical model to assess the pressure perturbations corresponding to production/injection from/into a reservoir with a leaky fault. Displacement of layers during the fault displacement may cause alteration of the reservoir properties across the fault. This alteration is accounted for by considering different properties on the two sides of the fault. The reservoir is divided into two regions separated by the fault, which are in hydraulic communication with one another and with the overlying/underlying permeable layers. The governing system of differential equations and corresponding boundary conditions are solved using Fourier and Laplace transforms. At early times of the fault leakage, the recorded well pressure changes are mostly affected by the fault properties and the effects of resistance from the upper zone emerge later. In this model, we neglect the resistance to leakage flow caused by the overlying zone to focus on the pressure changes at early times of the fault leakage. We show that these assumptions are valid to arrive at correct fault characteristics. For fault characterization, type curves are presented in terms of dimensionless vertical and horizontal conductivities of the fault. A computational optimization method is used in combination with type curves to fully characterize the reservoir-fault system. Results show that the characterization method is useful to estimate the fault vertical and lateral conductivities.
Quelques observations sur la poétique de la doctrine
Authors: Normand Sylvio 
Published: September 2017

La doctrine juridique en tant que production éditoriale présente une poétique qui fait appel à des formes et à des procédés singuliers. L’auteur s’arrête aux relations textuelles qui lient un écrit doctrinal et les autres textes qui sont en relation immédiate avec lui. Deux types de relations textuelles sont abordés : l’intertextualité, qui considère la présence d’un texte dans un autre texte par le recours à la citation, à la référence ou à l’allusion ; et la paratextualité, qui se penche sur les textes se situant à la périphérie de l’écrit doctrinal, tels la préface, les notes en bas de page, le plan, les intertitres, la préface, les tables ou les index. Ces relations textuelles contribuent à affirmer la singularité de l’écrit doctrinal. Elles sont révélatrices de la fonction d’autorité qui lui est attribuée et de l’importance du dispositif qui a pour objet de faciliter l’accès au texte. En réalité, les relations textuelles propres à la doctrine sont le reflet de certains traits de la culture juridique et de son évolution. L’ère de l’édition numérique est annonciatrice, en ce sens, d’une transformation de l’intertextualité et de la paratextualité propres à l’écrit doctrinal et vraisemblablement de la fonction d’autorité qui lui a été traditionnellement reconnue dans la communauté juridique.
L’exercice de la profession d’avocat en société et en multidisciplinarité au Québec : bilan et perspectives
Authors: Paquin Julie 
Published: September 2017

La réglementation des modes d’exercice des professions juridiques au Québec a atteint un moment décisif au cours des années 2000 à la suite de l’adoption du Règlement sur l’exercice de la profession d’avocat en société et en multidisciplinarité. Une dizaine d’années plus tard, l’auteure se penche sur les tenants et aboutissants de cette réforme, en retraçant le processus de négociation qui a mené à son adoption ainsi que les différents arguments mis en avant par le Barreau du Québec et les autres ordres professionnels visés afin de faire valoir la nécessité d’une intervention législative en la matière. Des données tirées du registre des entreprises sont ensuite utilisées en vue d’examiner dans quelle mesure les cabinets d’avocats québécois ont profité des nouvelles options qui leur sont offertes relativement à leur forme juridique.
In Situ Raman Detection of Gas Hydrates Exposed on the Seafloor of the South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Xin , Du Zengfeng , Luan Zhendong , Wang Xiujuan , Xi Shichuan , Wang Bing , Li Lianfu , Lian Chao , Yan Jun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGas hydrates are usually buried in sediments. Here we report the first discovery of gas hydrates exposed on the seafloor of the South China Sea. The in situ chemical compositions and cage structures of these hydrates were measured at the depth of 1,130 m below sea level using a Raman insertion probe (RiP‐Gh) that was carried and controlled by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Faxian. This in situ analytical technique can avoid the physical and chemical changes associated with the transport of samples from the deep sea to the surface. Natural gas hydrate samples were analyzed at two sites. The in situ spectra suggest that the newly formed hydrate was Structure I but contains a small amount of C3H8 and H2S. Pure gas spectra of CH4, C3H8, and H2S were also observed at the SCS‐SGH02 site. These data represent the first in situ proof that free gas can be trapped within the hydrate fabric during rapid hydrate formation. We provide the first in situ confirmation of the hydrate growth model for the early stages of formation of crystalline hydrates in a methane‐rich seafloor environment. Our work demonstrates that natural hydrate deposits, particularly those in the early stages of formation, are not monolithic single structures but instead exhibit significant small‐scale heterogeneities due to inclusions of free gas and the surrounding seawater, there inclusions also serve as indicators of the likely hydrate formation mechanism. These data also reinforce the importance of correlating visual and in situ measurements when characterizing a sampling site.
The Testing Effect is Preserved in Stressful Final Testing Environment
Authors: Szőllősi Ágnes , Keresztes Attila , Novák Bálint , Szászi Barnabás , Kéri Szabolcs , Racsmány Mihály 
Published: September 2017

SummaryPrevious studies have shown that retrieval practice leads to better long‐term memory than additional study of a material (a phenomenon termed the testing effect). In this study, we compared the effectiveness of these learning strategies when the final test occurs under stress (such as in an exam). Participants studied word pairs; then half of the material was repeatedly studied, whereas the other half was repeatedly tested. Following a 7‐day delay, participants were exposed to either a psychosocially stressful situation or a control task, followed by an associative recall task that tested memory for all items. Multiple measures were used to assess stress levels: emotional state assessments as well as assays of salivary cortisol and alpha‐amylase levels. Results are in favour of the ecological validity of retrieval‐based learning. Participants recalled more retested items than restudied items regardless of being exposed to a stressful situation and the hormonal (cortisol) response to stress. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perspective on Structural Evolution and Relations with Thermophysical Properties of Metallic Liquids
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Dong , Jiang Jian‐Zhong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe relationship between the structural evolution and properties of metallic liquids is a long‐standing hot issue in condensed‐matter physics and materials science. Here, recent progress is reviewed in several fundamental aspects of metallic liquids, including the methods to study their atomic structures, liquid–liquid transition, physical properties, fragility, and their correlations with local structures, together with potential applications of liquid metals at room temperature. Involved with more experimentally and theoretically advanced techniques, these studies provide more in‐depth understanding of the structure–property relationship of metallic liquids and promote the design of new metallic materials with superior properties.
Suspension 3D Printing of Liquid Metal into Self‐Healing Hydrogel
Authors: Yu Yongze , Liu Fujun , Zhang Renchang , Liu Jing 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA new conceptual method termed as suspension 3D printing is demonstrated using self‐healing hydrogel support to create macroscopic structures of liquid metal that exhibits properties indicative of a nonprintable object. The relationships between the process parameters, supporting gel concentration, and the deposited microdroplet geometry are clarified. The smaller nozzle inner diameter, lower flow rate, and higher printing speed will lead to a smaller droplets size. The gel concentration plays a significant role on patterning the droplets space. The results presented can be applied to design the target feature and further optimize the input parameters. Besides, this paper also illustrates the capability and potential application of the method in constructing 3D macrostructures and stereo electronic systems using these liquid metal droplets. Based on this strategy, it is possible to print liquid metal into sophisticated multidimensional and shape transformable functional structures ignoring the effects of fluid instability, gravity, and surface tension. Furthermore, this work can help remove the limits of materials and technical barriers to enable a wide variety of materials to be printed into arbitrary shapes. It is expected that further practices of the methodology will facilitate the advancements in multiscale droplets generation, flexible electronics, encapsulation technologies, biology and medicine, etc.
Direct C–H Arylation as a Chemoselective Single‐Step Access to π–Acceptor–π Type Building Blocks
Authors: Lu Kuan‐Ming , Li Wei‐Ming , Lin Po‐Yu , Liu Kuan‐Ting , Liu Ching‐Yuan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDifferent from the traditional multi‐step synthesis, a chemoselective direct C–H arylation is reported for the single‐step synthesis of various useful π–acceptor–π (π–A–π) type building blocks for use in organic electronics. This well‐optimized C–H heteroarylation exhibits good product yields, broad substrate scope, and high functional group compatibility. Applications in the efficient synthesis of a new metal‐free dye sensitizer for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are also demonstrated.magnified image
An Ultraflexible Silicon–Oxygen Battery Fiber with High Energy Density
Authors: Zhang Ye , Jiao Yiding , Lu Lijun , Wang Lie , Chen Taiqiang , Peng Huisheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo satisfy the rapid development of portable and wearable electronics, it is highly desired to make batteries with both high energy densities and flexibility. Although some progress has been made in recent decades, the available batteries share critical problems of poor energy storage capacity and low flexibility. Herein, we have developed a silicon–oxygen battery fiber with high energy density and ultra‐high flexibility by designing a coaxial architecture with a lithiated silicon/carbon nanotube hybrid fiber as inner anode, a polymer gel as middle electrolyte and a bare carbon nanotube sheet as outer cathode. The fiber showed a high energy density of 512 Wh kg−1 and could effectively work after bending for 20 000 cycles. These battery fibers have been further woven into flexible textiles for a large‐scale application.
Graphene Oxide Membranes with Heterogeneous Nanodomains for Efficient CO2 Separations
Authors: Wang Shaofei , Xie Yu , He Guangwei , Xin Qingping , Zhang Jinhui , Yang Leixin , Li Yifan , Wu Hong , Zhang Yuzhong , Guiver Michael D. , Jiang Zhongyi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAchieving high membrane performance in terms of gas permeance and carbon dioxide selectivity is an important target in carbon capture. Aiming to manipulate the channel affinity towards CO2 to implement efficient separations, gas separation membranes containing CO2‐philic and non‐CO2‐philic nanodomains in the interlayer channels of graphene oxide (GO) were formed by intercalating poly(ethylene glycol) diamines (PEGDA). PEGDA reacts with epoxy groups on the GO surface, constructing CO2‐philic nanodomains and rendering a high sorption capacity, whereas unreacted GO surfaces give non‐CO2‐philic nanodomains, rendering low‐friction diffusion. Owing to the orderly stacking of nanochannels through cross‐linking and the heterogeneous nanodomains with moderate CO2 affinity, a GO‐PEGDA500 membrane exhibits a high CO2 permeance of 175.5 GPU and a CO2/CH4 selectivity of 69.5, which is the highest performance reported for dry‐state GO‐stacking membranes.
Diols as Dienophiles: Bridged Carbocycles via Ruthenium(0)‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenative Cycloadditions of Cyclohexadiene or Norbornadiene
Authors: Sato Hiroki , Fukaya Keisuke , Poudel Binit Sharma , Krische Michael J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHighly exo‐selective ruthenium(0) catalyzed transfer hydrogenative cycloadditions of 1,2‐diols with cyclohexadiene or norbornadiene are described. Novel bridged bicyclic ring systems are accessible from the diol, α‐ketol or 1,2‐dione oxidation levels with complete control of diastereoselectivity.
Metallo‐Supramolecular Gels that are Photocleavable with Visible and Near‐Infrared Irradiation
Authors: Theis Sabrina , Iturmendi Aitziber , Gorsche Christian , Orthofer Marco , Lunzer Markus , Baudis Stefan , Ovsianikov Aleksandr , Liska Robert , Monkowius Uwe , Teasdale Ian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA photolabile ruthenium‐based complex, [Ru(bpy)2(4AMP)2](PF6)2, (4AMP=4‐(aminomethyl)pyridine) is incorporated into polyurea organo‐ and hydrogels via the reactive amine moieties on the photocleavable 4AMP ligands. While showing long‐term stability in the dark, cleavage of the pyridine–ruthenium bond upon irradiation with visible or near‐infrared irradiation (in a two‐photon process) leads to rapid de‐gelation of the supramolecular gels, thus enabling spatiotemporal micropatterning by photomasking or pulsed NIR‐laser irradiation
Orientation‐Induced Adsorption of Hydrated Protons at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Mamatkulov Shavkat I. , Allolio Christoph , Netz Roland R. , Bonthuis Douwe Jan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe surface tension of the air—water interface increases upon addition of inorganic salts, implying a negative surface excess of ionic species. Most acids, however, induce a decrease in surface tension, indicating a positive surface excess of hydrated protons. In combination with the apparent negative charge at pure air–water interfaces derived from electrokinetic experiments, this experimental observation has been a source of intense debate since the mid‐19th century. Herein, we calculate surface tensions and ionic surface propensities at air–water interfaces from classical, thermodynamically consistent molecular dynamics simulations. The surface tensions of NaOH, HCl, and NaCl solutions show outstanding quantitative agreement with experiment. Of the studied ions, only H3O+ adsorbs to the air–water interface. The adsorption is explained by the deep potential well caused by the orientation of the H3O+ dipole in the interfacial electric field, which is confirmed by ab initio simulations.
Quantitative and Comparative Profiling of Protease Substrates through a Genetically Encoded Multifunctional Photocrosslinker
Authors: He Dan , Xie Xiao , Yang Fan , Zhang Heng , Su Haomiao , Ge Yun , Song Haiping , Chen Peng R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA genetically encoded, multifunctional photocrosslinker was developed for quantitative and comparative proteomics. By bearing a bioorthogonal handle and a releasable linker in addition to its photoaffinity warhead, this probe enables the enrichment of transient and low‐abundance prey proteins after intracellular photocrosslinking and prey–bait separation, which can be subject to stable isotope dimethyl labeling and mass spectrometry analysis. This quantitative strategy (termed isoCAPP) allowed a comparative proteomic approach to be adopted to identify the proteolytic substrates of an E. coli protease–chaperone dual machinery DegP. Two newly identified substrates were subsequently confirmed by proteolysis experiments.
Non‐canonical Bases in the Genome: The Regulatory Information Layer in DNA
Authors: Carell Thomas , Kurz Matthias Q. , Müller Markus , Rossa Martin , Spada Fabio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMulticellular organisms developed the concept of specialized cells that perform specific functions. Examples are neurons and fibroblast to name just two out of more than 200. These cellular differences are established based on the same sequence information stored in the cell nucleus of all cells of an organism. The sequence information needs consequently different interpretations by the different cell types. During cellular development this interpretation of the genetic code has to be tightly regulated in space and time. Interpretation of the sequence information involves the controlled activation and silencing of specific genes so that certain proteins are made in one cell type but not in others. This involves an additional regulatory information layer beyond the pure base sequence. One aspect of this regulatory information layer relies on functional groups that are attached to the C(5) position of the canonical base dC. Currently four regulatory, non‐canonical bases with a methyl (CH3)‐, a hydroxymethyl (CH2OH)‐, a formyl (CHO)‐ and a carboxyl (COOH)‐ group are known. While 5‐methyl‐cytidine is long recognised to be a regulatory base in the genome, the other three bases and the enzymes responsible for generating them, were just recently discovered.
Synthesis and Characterization of an Eclipsed Digermylene as a Building Block to Construct a Cyclic Octagermylene
Authors: Wey Yu‐Te , Yang Fan‐Shan , Yu Hsien‐Cheng , Kuo Ting‐Shen , Tsai Yi‐Chou 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe preparation of an unprecedented GeI‐GeI bonded digermylene [K2{Ge2(μ‐κ2:η2:η4‐2,6‐(2,6‐iPr2C6H3‐N)2‐4‐CH3C5H2N)2}] in an eclipsed conformation stabilized by two bridging diamidopyridyl ligands is presented. Although it exhibits an eclipsed conformation, the Ge−Ge bond length is 2.5168(6) Å, which is shorter than those in the trans‐bent and gauche digermylenes. In combination with two pendant amido groups, the GeI2 motif is employed as a building block to assemble the first example of octagermylene [Ge4(μ‐κ2:κ1‐2,6‐(2,6‐iPr2C6H3‐N)2‐4‐CH3C5H2N)2]2 showing a cyclic configuration and containing three distinct types of GeI−GeI bonds.
Controlling the Coordination Sphere of Alkyllithiums Results in Selective Reactions with Allylic Amines
Authors: Kroesen Ulrike , Unkelbach Christian , Schildbach Daniel , Strohmann Carsten 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDescribed herein is a selective way to control the reaction of allylic amines with metalorganic bases depending on the amine handle as well as the metalorganic base is used. Depending on the number of coordinating groups within the amine handle either a selective carbometalation or deprotonation reaction can be performed. By changing the alkali metal within the base from lithium to either sodium or potassium, a change of chemoselectivity takes place and the reaction of piperidinoallylamine can be controlled.