bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong, Spontaneous, and Self‐Healing Poly(Ionic Liquid) Elastomer Underwater Adhesive with Borate Ester Dynamic Crosslinking
Authors: Li Qingning , Zheng Sijie , Liu Ziyang , Li Weizheng , Wang Xiaowei , Cao Qiang , Yan Feng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdhesion in aqueous environments is often hindered by the water layer on the surface of the substrate due to the water sensitivity of the adhesive, greatly limiting the application environment. Here, a borate ester dynamically crosslinked poly(ionic liquid) elastomer adhesive (PIEA) with high strength, toughness, self‐healing abilities, and ionic conductivity is synthesized by copolymerizing hydrophobic ionic liquid monomer ([HPVIm][TFSI]) and 2‐methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA). The adhesion strength of PIEA can increase spontaneously from almost no adhesion to 314 kPa after 12 h without any external preloading due to the dissociation of the borate ester in water, leading to noncovalent interactions between the hydroxyl groups of PIEA and the substrate. Additionally, PIEA can be developed for soft sensors or ion electrodes to enable underwater detection and communication. This strategy offers broad application potential for the development of novel underwater smart adhesives.
Visible‐Light‐Actuated Bidirectional Photochromism in Chiral Nanostructures with Multi‐Degree of Freedom
Authors: Liu Xiaojun , Liu Dashuai , Cheng Yuxuan , Qin Lang , Yu Yanlei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) with chiral nanostructures take on great significance in light modulation for optical devices, especially involving the features of circularly polarized and dynamic structural colors. However, on‐demand self‐assembly by photoprogramming still remains a challenge that is ascribed to the unpredictable variation of the helical superstructures in the existing CLCs induced by light‐driven chiral switches. Here, novel binary chiral systems are designed to construct visible‐light‐actuated CLCs with multi‐degrees of freedom, including adjustable circular polarization, bidirectional photochromism, and manipulable photonic bands. Such systems consist of an o‐fluoroazobenzene‐containing chiral switch and an inert chiral dopant, whose interaction dominates the strategies of chiral cooperation or conflict to determine the CLC handedness as well as shift direction of the selective reflection. Particularly, the precise tuning range of the structural color is tailored by programmable helical twisting power to enable diverse paradigms of light‐actuated patterning. The unprecedented quantitative manipulation of circularly polarized structural colors offers unique photonic attributes for applications in information encoding and multiplexed communication.
Synoptic Variation Drives Genetic Diversity and Transmission Mode of Airborne DNA Viruses in Urban Space
Authors: Deng Aihua , Wang Junyue , Li Lai , Shi Ruilin , Li Xuemin , Wen Tingyi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAirborne viruses are ubiquitous and play critical roles in maintaining ecosystem balance, however, they remain unexplored. Here, it is aimed to demonstrate that highly diverse airborne viromes carry out specific metabolic functions and use different transmission modes under different air quality conditions. A total of 263.5‐Gb data are collected from 13 air samples for viral metagenomic analysis. After assembly and curation, a total of 12 484 viral contigs (1.5–184.2 kb) are assigned to 221 genus‐level clades belonging to 47 families, 19 orders, and 15 classes. The composition of viral communities is influenced by weather conditions, with the main biomarker being Caudoviricetes. The most dominant viruses in these air samples belong to the dsDNA Caudoviricetes (54.0%) and ssDNA Repensiviricetes (31.2%) classes. Twelve novel candidate viruses are identified at the order/family/genus levels by alignment of complete genomes and core genes. Notably, Caudoviricetes are highly prevalent in cloudy and smoggy air, whereas Repensiviricetes are highly dominant in sunny and rainy air. Diverse auxiliary metabolic genes of airborne viruses are mainly involved in deoxynucleotide synthesis, implying their unique roles in atmosphere ecosystem. These findings deepen the understanding of the meteorological impacts on viral composition, transmission mode, and ecological roles in the air that we breathe.
A Non‐Invasive and DNA‐free Approach to Upregulate Mammalian Voltage‐Gated Calcium Channels and Neuronal Calcium Signaling via Terahertz Stimulation
Authors: Sun Yuankun , Geng Jinli , Fan Yu , Li Yangmei , Zhong Yuan , Cai Jing , Liu Xiaodong , Wang Shaomeng , Gong Yubin , Chang Chao , Yang Yaxiong , Fan Chunhai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMammalian voltage‐gated calcium channels (CaV) play critical roles in cardiac excitability, synaptic transmission, and gene transcription. Dysfunctions in CaV are implicated in a variety of cardiac and neurodevelopmental disorders. Current pharmacological approaches to enhance CaV activity are limited by off‐target effects, drug metabolism issues, cytotoxicity, and imprecise modulation. Additionally, genetically‐encoded channel activators and optogenetic tools are restricted by gene delivery challenges and biosafety concerns. Here a novel terahertz (THz) wave‐based method to upregulate CaV1.2, a key subtype of CaV, and boost CaV1‐mediated Ca2+ signaling in neurons without introducing exogenous DNA is presented. Using molecular dynamics simulations, it is shown that 42.5 THz (7.05 µm, 1418 cm−1) waves enhance Ca2+ conductance in CaV1.2 by resonating with the stretching mode of the ‐COO− group in the selectivity filter. Electrophysiological recordings and Ca2+ imaging confirm that these waves rapidly, reversibly, and non‐thermally increase calcium influx of CaV1.2 in HEK293 cells and induce acute Ca2+ signals in neurons. Furthermore, this irradiation upregulates critical CaV1 signals, including CREB phosphorylation and c‐Fos expression, in vitro and in vivo, without raising significant biosafety risks. This DNA‐free, non‐invasive approach offers a promising approach for modulating CaV gating and Ca2+ signaling and treating diseases characterized by deficits in CaV functions.
Methylammonium‐Free Ink for Blade‐Coating of Pure‐Phase α‐FAPbI3 Perovskite Films in Air
Authors: Liu Jianbo , Cao Jingwen , Zhang Meng , Sun Xiaoran , Hou Tian , Yang Xiangyu , Xiang Linhu , Liu Xin , Fu Zhipeng , Huang Yuelong , Wang Feng , Zhang Wenhua , Hao Xiaojing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe α‐c (α‐FAPbI3) has been extensively employed in the fabrication of high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells, yet heavily relied on multiple additives in upscalable fabrication in air. In this work, a simple α‐FAPbI3 ink is developed for the blade‐coating fabrication of phase‐pure α‐FAPbI3 in ambient air free from any additives containing extrinsic ions. The introduction of 2‐imidazolidinone (IMD) to the FAPbI3 precursor inks leads to the formation of intermediate phases that change the phase transition pathway from δ‐FAPbI3 to α‐FAPbI3 by tilting the PbI6 octahedrons with strong coordination to Pb2+. Furthermore, the IMD ligands in the intermediate phase gradually escape from the perovskite film during the annealing, leaving a phase‐pure α‐FAPbI3 film vertically grown with large grains. Consequently, the small‐sized PSCs fabricated with blade‐coated α‐FAPbI3 film achieve an efficiency of up to 23.14%, and the corresponding mini‐module yields an efficiency of 19.66%. The device performance is among the highest reported for phase‐pure α‐FAPbI3 PSCs fabricated in the air without non‐native cations or chloride additives, offering a simple and robust fabrication approach of phase‐pure α‐FAPbI3 films for PV application.
When are you measuring soil β‐glucosidase activities in cropping systems?
Authors: Lehman R. Michael , Osborne Shannon L. , Ewing Patrick M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn situ soil respiration is driven by annual patterns of temperature and soil moisture, but what about extracellular enzyme activities responsible for depolymerizing soil organic matter? We conducted biweekly measurements of potential soil β‐glucosidase activities during a 4‐month period from March soil thawing through July in annually cropped field plots in eastern South Dakota. Our objective was to determine the best sampling time to resolve the effects of crop rotational diversity on soil microbial activities. Potential β‐glucosidase activities were elevated immediately following soil thaw, peaked in May, and declined to their lowest value in mid‐summer. Temperature and precipitation had no value in predicting enzyme activities; however, enzyme activities were affected by crop rotational diversity and responded to current crop and previous crop. These findings are pertinent to the use of soil extracellular enzymes in soil health assessments and as indicators of microbial substrate preference with implications for soil carbon stabilization.
Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors toward Study of Cardiac Ischemia at Early Stage
Authors: Hlukhova Hanna , Kireev Dmitry , Offenhäusser Andreas , Pustovyi Denys , Vitusevich Svetlana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIschemia and reperfusion states are studied in a network of cardiomyocytes as a part of real‐state conditions of heart injuries and inflammations, specifically myocardial infractions. Arrays of graphene field‐effect transistors (GFETs) fabricated in this work are used for extracellular recordings of ischemia states of cardiac cells during the external triggering of the ischemia infarction. The low‐concentrated ischemic buffer solution allows to create a cell‐stress condition resulting in the reperfusion process. The results show that the action potentials recorded with the graphene transistors, especially their shape, and duration of the active segment in measured extracellular action potentials, can be used to characterize the real state of the studied cardiac cell culture. The unique property of GFETs to detect such small changes in the action potential of cells in cardiac healthy and unhealthy states provides prospects for building the next generation of ultrasensitive biosensors, enabling the detection of acute ischemic states at an early stage.
Size Effect of Negative Capacitance State and Subthreshold Swing in Van der Waals Ferrielectric Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Morozovska Anna N. , Eliseev Eugene A. , Vysochanskii Yulian M. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Strikha Maksym V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnalytical calculations corroborated by the finite element modeling show that thin films of Van der Waals ferrielectrics covered by a 2D‐semiconductor are promising candidates for the controllable reduction of the dielectric layer capacitance due to the negative capacitance (NC) effect emerging in the thin films. The NC state is conditioned by energy‐degenerated poly‐domain states of the ferrielectric polarization induced in the films under incomplete screening conditions in the presence of a dielectric layer. Calculations performed for the FET‐type heterostructure “ferrielectric CuInP2S6 film—2D‐MoS2 single‐layer—SiO2 dielectric layer” reveal the pronounced size effect of the multilayer capacitance. Derived analytical expressions for the electric polarization and multilayer capacitance allow to predict the thickness range of the dielectric layer and ferrielectric film for which the NC effect is the most pronounced in various Van der Waals ferrielectrics, and the corresponding subthreshold swing becomes much less than the Boltzmann's limit. Obtained results can be useful for the size and temperature control of the NC effect in the steep‐slope ferrielectric FETs.
Dynamically Regulating Polysulfide Degradation via Organic Sulfur Electrolyte Additives in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Deng Teng , Wang Juan , Zhao Hongyang , Jin Zhengqian , Jin Li , Men Xinliang , Wang Jianan , Liu Yatao , Tang Wei , Abdelkader Amr M. , Kumar R. Vasant , Ding Shujiang , Fu Yongzhu , Xi Kai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries offer promising prospects due to their high energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, the sluggish kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) conversion, particularly the crucial stage from LiPSs to lithium sulfide (Li2S), hampers their development. Herein, a novel strategy for dynamically regulating LiPSs conversion by incorporating 4‐mercaptopyridine (4Mpy), as a LiPSs Redox Regulator (RR) in the electrolyte is introduced. This organic sulfur additive actively interacts with LiPSs during discharge, facilitating rapid conversion and promoting the formation of a three‐dimensional (3D) Li2S structure, thereby enhancing reaction kinetics. Both theoretical and experimental results reveal that the redox conversion mechanism with the 4Mpy additive differs from traditional electrolytes. Upon lithiation, 4Mpy forms lithium‐pyridinethiolate (Li‐pyS), which reversibly engages in the LiPSs conversion during the charging/discharging cycles, significantly improving the redox process. As a result, the Li‐S battery with 4Mpy additive demonstrates superior performances, achieving 10.05 mAh cm−2 under a high sulfur loading of 10.88 mg cm−2, surpassing industrial benchmarks. This study not only presents an approach to mitigating the shuttle effect in Li‐S batteries but also offers valuable insights into electrolyte design for other metal batteries.
Short‐term survival and growth of 32 native boreal plants on treated oil sands tailings
Authors: Degenhardt Dani , Van Dongen Angeline , Yücel Çağdaş Kera , Schoonmaker Amanda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe consolidation of oil sands tailings is a cost‐ and time‐consuming process that requires treatment via active (e.g., centrifugation) and passive (e.g., self‐weight consolidation) methods. The use of plants to dewater tailings is a promising concept and has previously been evaluated using agronomic grass species in greenhouse studies. This greenhouse study evaluated the short‐term survivorship and growth of 32 upland and lowland native plant species (12 forbs, 14 graminoids, and six woody plants) in centrifuged tailings and benchmarked their performance against reclamation soil and undisturbed forest soil. All plant species were propagated from seed and transplanted as seedlings into containers filled with one of the three substrates. After 42 days, the height (woody species only) and total aboveground biomass were determined for all living plants. As expected, the mortality of seedlings in tailings was higher than plants grown in the other two substrates. Graminoid species, regardless of species community type (wetland or upland), had higher survival probabilities and growth compared to forb or woody species across all substrates. Of forbs and woody species evaluated, Geum aleppicum and Populus tremuloides showed the most promise amongst the upland species, and Rumex occidentalis was the wetland equivalent.
Establishing Non‐Stoichiometric Ti4O7 Assisted Asymmetrical C−C Coupling for Highly Energy‐Efficient Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Hu Xuli , Xu Junchen , Gao Yunchen , Li Zhenyao , Shen Jun , Wei Wei , Hu Yangshun , Wu Yushan , Wang Yao , Ding Mingyue 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExploring an appropriate support material for Cu‐based electrocatalyst is conducive for stably producing multi‐carbon chemicals from electroreduction of carbon monoxide. However, the insufficient metal‐support adaptability and low conductivity of the support would hinder the C−C coupling capacity and energy efficiency. Herein, non‐stoichiometric Ti4O7 was incorporated into Cu electrocatalysts (Cu−Ti4O7), and served as a highly conductive and stable support for highly energy‐efficient electrochemical conversion of CO. The abundant oxygen vacancies originated from ordered lattice defects in Ti4O7 facilitate the water dissociation and the CO adsorption to accelerate the hydrogenation to *COH. The highly adaptable metal‐support interface of Cu−Ti4O7 enables a direct asymmetrical C−C coupling between *CO on Cu and *COH on Ti4O7, which significantly lowers the reaction energy barrier for C2+ products formation. Additionally, the excellent electroconductivity of Ti4O7 benefits the reaction charge transfer through robust Cu/Ti4O7 interface for minimizing the energy loss. Thus, the optimized 20Cu−Ti4O7 catalyst exhibits an impressive selectivity of 96.4 % and ultrahigh energy efficiency of 45.1 % for multi‐carbon products, along with a remarkable partial current density of 432.6 mA cm−2. Our study underscores a novel C−C coupling strategy between Cu and the support material, advancing the development of Cu‐supported catalysts for highly efficient electroreduction of carbon monoxide.
Diphenylphosphine oxide derivative with a symmetrical structure as an efficient flame retardant for application in epoxy resin
Authors: Mu Wenmin , Tian Chong , Zhang Shijie , Zhuang Tao , Yu Qing , Song Liang , Cheng Guiqing , Wang Zhongwei , Han Yuxi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA fresh phosphorus‐containing fireproofing agent (oxybis(4,1‐phenylene))bis((2,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)(phenyl)phosphine oxide) (ODDPO‐HQ) was synthesized by a simple two‐step reaction. The effect of ODDPO‐HQ on the glass transition temperature (Tg), crosslinking density, thermal stability, fire resistance, dielectric performances, hydrophobicity, and water absorption of epoxy resin (EP) was studied. EP/ODDPO‐HQ containing 1.2 wt% phosphorus not only achieved the vertical burning V‐0 grade with a limited oxygen index of 28.9% but also maintained good thermal stability. Compared to unmodified EP, its Tg value has only decreased by 7.2°C. Detailed studies revealed that the excellent flame resistance of ODDPO‐HQ for epoxies was ascribed to the flame suppression both in the gaseous phase and condensed phase, especially the obvious barrier effect. Although the water uptake of the modified epoxies slightly rose with the content of ODDPO‐HQ caused by the reduction of the crosslinking density within the matrix, it did not adversely affect the properties of the polymer. The modified epoxies showed reduced dielectric constant and dielectric loss values, and the contact angle of EP/ODDPO‐HQ samples increased as the flame retardant content rose, which might be due to the symmetrical structure of ODDPO‐HQ reducing the polarity. Our study presents an easy approach for producing high‐performance epoxies.
Strategies to reduce the culture medium costs for a high‐yield and high‐selectivity bio‐based 2,3‐butanediol production
Authors: Tinôco Daniel , Seldin Lucy , Coutinho Paulo Luiz de Andrade , Freire Denise Maria Guimarães 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBio‐based 2,3‐butanediol (2,3‐BDO) production on a large scale depends on critical factors, such as culture medium, oxygen supply, pH and biosafety. In this study, three strategies for reducing culture medium costs were investigated: carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio; low‐cost nitrogen sources (crude yeast extract, brewer's yeast extract, corn steep liquor, urea, sodium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate and dibasic ammonium phosphate); and microbial pH autoregulation. Batch fermentations were performed in a microaerobic environment using wild‐type and safe Paenibacillus peoriae NRRL BD 62. The yield and selectivity of 2,3‐BDO were used as control variables. A ratio between 2,3‐BDO production and glucose consumption (YP/S) of almost 80% and an optical purity of 87% levo‐2,3‐BDO, with no acetoin accumulation, were achieved in an NH4Cl‐based medium at C/N = 8.5 g/g and without external pH control, considering an initial glucose of 10 g/L. Based on Free on Board prices, a 63% savings in culture medium costs was achieved by replacing commercial yeast extract at pH 5. Validation assays with higher initial glucose concentrations showed a YP/S of 0.40 g/g and an optical levo‐/meso‐2,3‐BDO ratio of 1:0.8, with negligible acetoin accumulation. Therefore, the NH4Cl‐based medium at C/N = 8.5 g/g and without pH control was considered economically promising for high‐yield and high‐selectivity bio‐based 2,3‐BDO production.
Automatic metabolism modulator for glycolytic intervention‐induced cascade cancer therapy
Authors: Zheng Jiao , Zhang Jian , Zhang Tian , Yan Yongcun , Bi Sai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEffective intervention in glycolytic metabolism is a promising way to inhibit tumor malignant invasion. However, the inherent hypoxia environment and unitary regulating model subsequently compromise its therapeutic efficacy. Herein, a facile way to design an automatic metabolism modulator (auto‐MMOD) is developed by loading glucose oxidase (GOx) and DNA‐templated silver nanoclusters (DNA‐AgNCs) into a pH‐responsive zeolitic imidazolate frameworks‐8 (ZIF‐8) nanocarrier, which can activate a cascaded metal ion‐killing effect during GOx‐regulated glycolysis metabolism. When the acidic lysosome microenvironment induces ZIF‐8 decomposition, the released GOx can effectively consume glucose and generate H2O2, thus inhibiting Adenosine Triphosphate synthesis and accelerating tumor starvation. Moreover, the released Ag+ in response to H2O2 can disturb bioenergy metabolism to inhibit tumor proliferation, which further enhances the tumor‐killing effect in hypoxic microenvironments. This study achieves effective tumor suppression in vitro and in vivo by integrating ion therapy into glycolysis intervention, which establish a promising strategy for nano‐theranostics.
Learn how to become a supercommunicator
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J. 
Published: October 2024

George Bernard Shaw said, “The single biggest problem with communication is the illusion it has taken place.” That's why I think that all college and university administrators, including college athletics adminiistrators, could benefit from the advice that Charles Duhigg presented in his book Supercommunicators. Duhigg is a Pulitzer Prize‐winning investigative journalist who previously worked as a senior editor at The New York Times.
Investigation of the Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Eremurus spectabilis M. Bieb through Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibition, COX‐2and iNOS Assessment
Authors: Di Simone Simonetta Cristina , Yagi Sakina , Acquaticci Laura , Nilofar  , Acquaviva Alessandra , Orlando Giustino , Maggi Filippo , Menghini Luigi , Ferrante Claudio , Zengin Gokhan , Caprioli Giovanni , Polat Rıdvan , Chiavaroli Annalisa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEremurus spectabilis is widespread and used primarily for medicinal and culinary purposes. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, antiradical and antioxidant activities, enzyme inhibitory activities, and anti‐inflammatory properties of various extracts from the aerial parts of E. spectabilis. Various assays were used to investigate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties. The chemical composition of the tested extracts was analyzed using High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS). Additionally, the extracts were tested on isolated mouse colon tissue challenged with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to replicate the inflammation and oxidative stress burden characteristic of inflammatory bowel diseases. In the chemical composition, vanillic, ferulic, and 4‐hydroxybenzoic acids were the prominent compounds. The greatest antioxidant activity was observed in the methanol and water extracts from the aerial parts. Enzyme inhibition tests showed that the ethyl acetate extract had the highest anti‐acetylcholinesterase activity. The gene expression of pro‐inflammatory cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and pro‐oxidant inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) biomarkers were assayed. Among the extracts, the methanol extract was the most effective in blunting LPS‐induced gene expression of COX‐2. E. spectabilis may serve as a valuable source of phytochemicals for combating oxidative stress and inflammation‐driven diseases, with a particular emphasis on colon inflammatory condition.