bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Heteroatoms Si and S on Tuning the Optical Properties of Rhodamine‐ and Fluorescein‐Based Fluorescence Probes: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Zhou Panwang , Ning Cai , Alsaedi Ahmed , Han Keli 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe effects of the incorporated heteroatoms Si and S on tuning the optical properties of rhodamine‐ and fluorescein‐based fluorescence probes is investigated using DFT and time‐dependent DFT with four different functionals. As previously proposed, the large redshift (90 nm) produced by a Si atom in both the absorption and emission spectra can be attributed to the σ*–π* conjugation between the σ* orbital of the Si atom and the π* orbital of the adjacent carbon atoms. However, the presence of a Si atom does not alter the fluorescence quenching mechanism of the nonfluorescent forms of the investigated compounds. For the first time, these theoretical results indicate that the n orbital of the S atom plays an important role in determining the optical properties of the nonfluorescent form of rhodamine‐based fluorescence probes. It alters the fluorescence quenching mechanism by lowering the energy of the dark nπ* state, which is due to breakage of the C10−S52 bond upon photoexcitation.
Difference in suitable mechanical properties of three‐dimensional, synthetic scaffolds for self‐renewing mouse embryonic stem cells of different genetic backgrounds
Authors: Lee Myungook , Ahn Jong Il , Ahn Ji Yeon , Yang Woo Sub , Hubbell Jeffrey A. , Lim Jeong Mook , Lee Seung Tae 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe evaluated whether the genetic background of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) affects the properties suitable for three‐dimensional (3D) synthetic scaffolds for cell self‐renewal. Inbred R1 and hybrid B6D2F1 mouse ESC lines were cultured for 7 days in hydrogel scaffolds with different properties derived from conjugating 7.5, 10, 12.5, or 15% (wt/vol) vinylsulfone‐functionalized three‐, four‐, or eight‐arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) with dicysteine‐containing crosslinkers with an intervening matrix metalloproteinase‐specific cleavage sites. Cell proliferation and expression of self‐renewal‐related genes and proteins by ESCs cultured in feeder‐free or containing 2D culture plate or 3D hydrogel were monitored. As a preliminary experiment, the E14 ESC‐customized synthetic 3D microenvironment did not maintain self‐renewal of either the R1 or B6D2F1 ESCs. The best R1 cell proliferation (10.04 vs. 0.16–4.39; p < 0.0001) was observed in the four‐arm 7.5% PEG‐based hydrogels than those with other properties, whereas the F1 ESCs showed better proliferation when they were embedded in the three‐arm 10% hydrogels. Self‐renewal‐related gene and protein expression by ESCs after feeder‐free 3D culture was generally maintained compared with the feeder‐containing 2D culture, but expression patterns and quantities differed. However, the feeder‐free 3D culture yielded better expression than the feeder‐free 2D culture. In conclusion, genetic background determined the suitability of hydrogel scaffolds for self‐renewal of ESCs, which requires customization for the mechanical properties of each cell line. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2261–2268, 2017.
Punishment Learning in U.S. Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Sawyer Alice T. , Liverant Gabrielle I. , Jun Janie J. , Lee Daniel J. , Cohen Andrew L. , Dutra Sunny J. , Pizzagalli Diego A. , Sloan Denise M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLearning processes have been implicated in the development and course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, little is currently known about punishment‐based learning in PTSD. The current study investigated impairments in punishment‐based learning in U.S. veterans. We expected that veterans with PTSD would demonstrate greater punishment‐based learning compared to a non‐PTSD control group. We compared a PTSD group with and without co‐occurring depression (n = 27) to a control group (with and without trauma exposure) without PTSD or depression (n = 29). Participants completed a computerized probabilistic punishment‐based learning task. Compared to the non‐PTSD control group, veterans with PTSD showed significantly greater punishment‐based learning. Specifically, there was a significant Block × Group interaction, F(1, 54) = 4.12, p = .047, η2 = .07. Veterans with PTSD demonstrated greater change in response bias for responding toward a less frequently punished stimulus across blocks. The observed hypersensitivity to punishment in individuals with PTSD may contribute to avoidant responses that are not specific to trauma cues.
Duodenal‐jejunal bypass surgery induces hepatic lipidomic alterations associated with ameliorated hepatic steatosis in mice
Authors: Shang Jin , Castro‐Perez Jose M. , Shen Xiaolan , Zhu Yonghua , Liu Haiying , Qian Ying , Previs Stephen , Howard Andrew D. , Erion Mark , Kelley David E. , Wang Liangsu 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveBariatric surgery induces weight loss and improvement of insulin resistance; one aspect of both is an amelioration of hepatic steatosis. This study was undertaken to assess the changes in the hepatic lipidome after duodenal‐jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery.MethodsA DJB surgical model was developed and characterized in diet‐induced obese mice. In comparison with sham‐operated mice, an unbiased lipidomic profiling of hepatic lipids was performed together with measurements of gene expression within key pathways of hepatic lipid metabolism.ResultsIn the liver of DJB mice, a dramatic reduction (by 77%) in hepatic triacylglycerols was observed. Global lipidomic profiling identified marked decreases of triacylglycerols comprised of medium length fatty acids and with low double bond content. Specific diacylglycerol species were also among the most dramatic decreases in hepatic lipids, whereas lysophosphatidic acids and phosphatidic acids were increased. Expression of fatty acid transporter and lipogenic genes was down‐regulated.ConclusionsFrom in‐depth analysis of hepatic lipid composition, specific lipid intermediates were identified that are preferentially changed following DJB surgery. These changes were most likely due to DJB‐induced weight loss, and only further studies will be able to distinguish weight loss‐dependent from weight loss‐independent changes.
Anastomosis Between Thoracic Duct and Azygos Vein During Esophagectomy: A Novel Technique with 3‐year Follow‐up
Authors: Yuan Yong , Chen Long‐qi , Zhao Yongfan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundLigation of thoracic duct is the standard procedure currently used to prevent postoperative chylothorax for patients undergoing esophagectomy when thoracic duct is surgically injured or invaded by tumor. However, preservation of lymphovenous circulation is particularly important for a subset of patients, including individuals with liver cirrhosis, ascites, nephrotic syndrome, sclerosing mesenteritis, or some cardiac conditions.MethodsWe have developed a new technique of restoring lymphovenous circulation for patients undergoing esophagectomy. Intrathoracic lymphovenous anastomosis was performed for an esophageal cancer patient by intravenous catheter assisted end‐to‐side “insertion” technique.ResultsThe time taken for lymphovenous anastomosis was 35 min. No massive bleeding or other adverse events occurred during operation, and the patient had an uneventful postoperative course. Lipid metabolisms, assessed by pre‐ and postoperative plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density and low‐density lipoprotein, were not affected after lymphovenous anastomosis. Lymphangiography also indicated lymphovenous anastomosis remained patent 3 years after operation. No long‐term surgery‐related adverse events were observed during 3‐year follow‐up.ConclusionLymphovenous anastomosis was successfully implemented for the patient with esophagectomy, selected patients might benefit from this novel technique.
Effects of high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on spontaneously hypertensive rats, an animal model of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Kim Jungyun , Park Heamen , Yu Seong‐lan , Jee Sungju , Cheon Keun‐Ah , Song Dong Ho , Kim Seung Jun , Im Woo‐Young , Kang Jaeku 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe current treatment of choice for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is pharmacotherapy. A search for new treatment options is underway, however, as the wide application of drugs to the general population of patients with ADHD is limited by side effects and the variance of pharmacokinetic effects of the drugs in each patient. In the present study, we applied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non‐invasive treatment used in a number of other psychiatric disorders, to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), an animal model of ADHD, in order to assess the efficacy of the treatment in modifying behavioural symptoms as well as levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A total of fifteen sessions of high‐frequency rTMS treatment were administered. Behavioural symptoms were observed using open field, Y‐maze, and elevated plus‐maze tests. Upon completion of the experiments, rats were sacrificed, and the neurochemical changes in brain tissue were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography and Western blotting. The SHRs treated with rTMS tended to exhibit less locomotor activity in the open field test over the course of treatment, but there was no improvement in inattention as measured by the Y‐maze test. Furthermore, BDNF concentration increased and noradrenaline concentration decreased in the prefrontal cortex of SHRs treated with rTMS. The results of the present preclinical study indicate that rTMS may constitute a new modality of treatment for patients with ADHD, through further evaluation of specific treatment parameters as well as safety and efficacy in humans are required.
Contemporary use of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the head and neck
Authors: Seim Nolan B. , Wright Chadwick L. , Agrawal Amit 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSentinel lymph node biopsy has become a well‐established and commonplace practice in many oncologic disease sites as a means to stage the regional lymphatics, avoid unnecessary surgery and decrease patient morbidity. In the head and neck, its role is well established for cutaneous melanoma with proven fidelity and survival benefit. Its role in use for other sites such as oral cavity carcinoma continues to develop with promising results from several recent trials. Although not widely adopted, the potential benefits of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of oral cavity carcinoma are apparent. Refinements in technology and protocols including development of novel radiopharmaceutical tracers, routine incorporation of detailed anatomic imaging, increasing surgeon experience and development of new intraoperative identification aids will likely lead to improvements in the use and accuracy of this technique.
Generalized Radon Transform and Lévy’s Brownian Motion, I
Authors: Noda Akio 
Published: July 2016

In connection with a Gaussian system X = {X(x); x ∈ M} called Lévy’s Brownian motion (Definition 1), we shall introduce two integral transformations of special type—one is a generalized Radon transform R on a measure space (M, m), and the other is a dual Radon transform R* on another measure space (H, v) such that H ⊂ 2M, the set of all subsets of M (Definition 2). To each Lévy’s Brownian motion X, there is attached a distance d(x, y):= E[(X(x) — X(y)2] on M having a notable property named L1-embeddability. The above measure v on H is then chosen to satisfywhere Δ stands for the symmetric difference.
Tangent vectors to sets in the theory of geodesics
Authors: Motreanu Dumitru 
Published: July 2016

In the setting of Banach manifolds the notion of tangent vector to an arbitrary closed subset has been introduced in [11] by the author and N. H. Pavel, and it has been used in flow-invariance and optimization ([11], [12], [13]). For detailed informations on tangent vectors to closed sets (including historical comments) we refer to the recent book of N. H. Pavel [17].The aim of this paper is to apply this general concept of tangency in the study of geodesies. We are concerned with geodesies which have either the endpoints in given closed subsets or the same angle for a fixed closed subset. This approach allows one to extend important results due to K. Grove [4] and T. Kurogi ([6], [7]).
Calculus on Gaussian and Poisson white noises
Authors: Ito Yoshifusa , Kubo Izumi 
Published: July 2016

Recently one of the authors has introduced the concept of generalized Poisson functionals and discussed the differentiation, renormalization, stochastic integrals etc. ([8], [9]), analogously to the works of T. Hida ([3], [4], [5]). Here we introduce a transformation for Poisson fnnctionals with the idea as in the case of Gaussian white noise (cf. [10], [11], [12], [13]). Then we can discuss the differentiation, renormalization, multiple Wiener integrals etc. in a way completely parallel with the Gaussian case. The only one exceptional point, which is most significant, is that the multiplications are described by for the Gaussian case, for the Poisson case,as will be stated in Section 5. Conversely, those formulae characterize the types of white noises.
Modular forms and the automorphism group of Leech lattice
Authors: Koike Masao 
Published: July 2016

This is a continuation of my previous papers [2], [3], [4] concerning to the monstrous moonshine.The automorphism group ·O of the Leech lattice L plays an important role in the study of moonshine. Especially it is important to study theta functions associated with quadratic sublattices of L consisting of fixed vectors of elements of ·O. In this paper, we discuss the properties that these functions are expected to satisfy in the relation to the monstrous moonshine.
On the existence of optimal control for controlled stochastic partial differential equations
Authors: Nagase Noriaki 
Published: July 2016

In this paper we are concerned with stochastic control problems of the following kind. Let Y(t) be a d’-dimensional Brownian motion defined on a probability space (Ω, F, Ft, P) and u(t) an admissible control. We consider the Cauchy problem of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE in short)where L(y, u) is the 2nd order elliptic differential operator and M(y) the 1st order differential operator.
Canonical Connections and Pontrjagin Classes
Authors: Kobayashi Shoshichi 
Published: July 2016

In the previous paper [7], we have studied the relationship between the Riemannian connection of an n-dimensional Riemannian space M imbedded into the (n + k)-dimensional Euclidean space Rn+k and the canonical connection in the bundle Pn, k = O(n + k)/{l} Х O(k) over the Grassmann manifold Mn, k = O(n + k)/O(n) Х O(k).In the first half of the present paper, the relationship between the canonical connections in bundles and the invariant Riemannian connection on Mn, k will be discussed. We obtain the holonomy groups of these canonical connections.
On Automorphisms of A Kählerian Structure
Authors: Kobayashi Shoshichi , Nomizu Katsumi 
Published: July 2016

Is every isometry, or more generally, every affine transformation of a Kählerian manifold a complex analytic transformation? The answer is certainly negative in the case of a complex Euclidean space. This question has been recently studied by Lichnerowicz [8] and Schouten-Yano [11] from the infinitesimal point of view; they have found some conditions in order that every infinitesimal motion of a Kählerian manifold preserve the complex structure. (As a matter of fact, [11] has dealt with the case of a pseudo-Kählerian manifold, which does not differ essentially from a Kählerian manifold as far as the question at hand is concerned.)In the present paper, we generalize their results by a different approach. In order to explain our main idea, we shall first give a few definitions (1 and 2) and state our main results (3). The proofs are given in the subsequent sections.
A Generalization of the Ring of Triangular Matrices
Authors: Chase Stephen U. 
Published: July 2016

Let R be a ring with unit, and e be an idem potent in R such that (1 - e)Re = 0. In this note we shall explore the relationships between homological properties of R and those of its subring eRe.Examples of such rings are abundant, the most common being perhaps the ring R of all two-by-two upper triangular matrices over a field, where—
Projective varieties and rings of Thetanullwerte
Authors: Manni Riccardo Salvati 
Published: July 2016

Let r denote an even positive integer, m an element of Q2g such that r·m ≡ 0 mod 1 and ϑm the holomorphic function on the Siegel upper-half space Hg defined by(1) ,in which e(t) stands for exp and m′ and m″ are the first and the second entry vector of m. Let Θg(r) denote the graded ring generated over C by such Thetanullwerte; then it is a well known fact that the integral closure of Θg(r) is the ring of all modular forms relative to Igusa’s congruence subgroup Γg(r2, 2r2) cf. [6]. We shall denote this ring by A(Γg(r2, 2r2)).
Holomorphic mapping into algebraic varieties of general type
Authors: Hu Peichu 
Published: July 2016

We will study holomorphic mappingsfrom a connected complex manifold M of dimension m to a projective algebraic manifold N of dimension n. Assume first that N is of general type, i.e.where KN→N is the canonical bundle of N. If KN is positive, then N is of general type.
A generalization of Hubert’s theorem 94
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: July 2016

In this paper we shall prove the following theorem conjectured by Miyake in [3] (see also Jaulent [2]).THEOREM. Let k be a finite algebraic number field and K be an unramified abelian extension of k, then all ideals belonging to at least [K: k] ideal classes of k become principal in K.Since the capitulation homomorphism is equivalently translated to a group-transfer of the galois group (see Miyake [3]), it is enough to prove the following group-theoretical verison:
Some types of regularity for the Dirichlet problem
Authors: Sadi Amar 
Published: July 2016

The question of whether the existence of a harmonic majorant in a relative neighbourhood of each point of a boundary of a domain D implies the existence of a harmonic majorant in the whole of D has received great attention in recent years and has been dealt with by several authors in different settings. The most general results to date have been achieved in [10] with the Martin boundary. In [9], the author arrives, by independent means, at the conclusions of [10] in the particular case where D is a Lipschitz domain.In this paper, we answer the question in domains with suitably regular topological frontiers. Our methods rely heavily on the possibility of obtaining an extented-representation for nonnegative superharmonic functions defined near a frontier point. This naturally led to the introduction and the study of new types of regularity for the generalised Dirichlet problem. As well as their suitability in dealing with the question of harmonic majorisation, they present an intrinsic importance as natural extensions of the (classical) regularity. For simplicity reasons, we will treat the finite boundary points and the point at infinity separately.
Limit theorems for stochastic difference-differential equations
Authors: Fujiwara Tsukasa , Kunita Hiroshi 
Published: July 2016

There are extensive works on the limit theorems for sequences of stochastic ordinary differential equations written in the form:where is a stochastic process and is a deterministic function, both of which take values in the space of vector fields. The case where {ftn} n satisfies certain mixing conditions has been studied by Khas’minskii [7], Kesten-Papanicolaou [6] and others.
A construction of q-analogue of Dedekind sums
Authors: Satoh Junya 
Published: July 2016

If one looks back the classical proof (cf. Carlitz [4]) of the reciprocity law for Dedekind sums in order to construct q-analogue of Dedekind sums which also have the reciprocity law, one can soon see that the following elementary equation is essential in the proof:for any distinct complex numbers u and v, where means the generating function of Euler numbers associated to u. So we must extend the above equation to the generating function of q-Euler numbers for our purpose.
Central extensions and rational quadratic forms
Authors: Furuta Yoshiomi , Kubota Tomio 
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this paper is to characterize by means of simple quadratic forms the set of rational primes that are decomposed completely in a non-abelian central extension which is abelian over a quadratic field. More precisely, let L = Q be a bicyclic biquadratic field, and let K = Q. Denote by the ray class field mod m of K in narrow sense for a large rational integer m. Let be the maximal abelian extension over Q contained in and be the maximal extension contained in such that Gal(/L) is contained in the center of Gal(/Q). Then we shall show in Theorem 2.1 that any rational prime p not dividing d1d2m is decomposed completely in /Q if and only if p is representable by rational integers x and y such that x ≡ 1 and y ≡ 0 mod m as followswhere a, b, c are rational integers such that b2 − 4ac is equal to the discriminant of K and (a) is a norm of a representative of the ray class group of K mod m.Moreover is decomposed completely in if and only if .
Generators for a maximally differential ideal in positive characteristic
Authors: Maloo Alok Kumar 
Published: July 2016

In this note we give the structure of maximally differential ideals in a Noetherian local ring of prime characteristic p > 0, in terms of their generators. More precisely, we prove the following result:THEOREM 4. Let A be a Noetherian local ring of prime characteristic p > 0 with maximal ideal m. Let I be a proper ideal of A. Suppose n= emdim(A) and r = emdim(A/l). If I is maximally differential under a set of derivations of A then there exists a minimal set xl,…,xn of generators of m such that I = (xρl, …,xρr, xr+1,…xn).
New invariants and class number problem in real quadratic fields
Authors: Yokoi Hideo 
Published: July 2016

In recent papers [10, 11, 12, 13, 14], we defined some new ρ-invariants for any rational prime ρ congruent to 1 mod 4 and D-invariants for any positive square-free integer D such that the fundamental unit εD of real quadratic field Q(√D) satisfies NεD = –1, and studied relationships among these new invariants and already known invariants.One of our main purposes in this paper is to generalize these D-invariants to invariants valid for all square-free positive integers containing D with NεD = 1. Another is to provide an improvement of the theorem in [14] related closely to class number one problem of real quadratic fields. Namely, we provide, in a sense, a most appreciable estimation of the fundamental unit to be able to apply, as usual (cf. [3, 4, 5, 9, 12, 13]), Tatuzawa’s lower bound of L(l, XD) (Cf[7]) for estimating the class number of Q(√D) from below by using Dirichlet’s classical class number formula.
Microscopic asymptotics for solutions of some semilinear Elliptic equations
Authors: Ogawa Takayoshi , Suzuki Takashi 
Published: July 2016

In our previous work [8], we picked up the elliptic equation(1) with the nonlinearity f(u) ⊇ 0 in C1. We studied the asymptotics of the family {(λ, u(x))} of classical solutions satisfying(2)
A question of Gross and the uniqueness of entire functions
Authors: yi Hong-Xun 
Published: July 2016

For any set S and any entire function f letwhere each zero of f — a with multiplicity m is repeated m times in Ef(S) (cf. [1]). It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the notations of the Nevanlinna Theory (see, for example, [2]). It will be convenient to let E denote any set of finite linear measure on 0 < r < ∞, not necessarily the same at each occurrence. We denote by S(r, f) any quantity satisfying .