bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural correlates of maintaining generated images in visual working memory
Authors: Ewerdwalbesloh Julia A. , Palva Satu , Rösler Frank , Khader Patrick H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHow are images that have been assembled from their constituting elements maintained as a coherent representation in visual working memory (vWM)? Here, we compared two conditions of vWM maintenance that only differed in how vWM contents had been created. Participants maintained images that they either had to assemble from single features or that they had perceived as complete objects. Object complexity varied between two and four features. We analyzed electroencephalogram phase coupling as a measure of cortical connectivity in a time interval immediately before a probe stimulus appeared. We assumed that during this time both groups maintained essentially the same images, but that images constructed from their elements would require more neural coupling than images based on a complete percept. Increased coupling between frontal and parietal‐to‐occipital cortical sources was found for the maintenance of constructed in comparison to nonconstructed objects in the theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. A similar pattern was found for an increase in vWM load (2 vs. 4 features) for nonconstructed objects. Under increased construction load (2 vs. 4 features for constructed images), the pattern was restricted to fronto‐parietal couplings, suggesting that the fronto‐parietal attention network is coping with the higher attentional demands involved in maintaining constructed images, but without increasing the communication with the occipital visual buffer in which the visual representations are assumed to be stored. We conclude from these findings that the maintenance of constructed images in vWM requires additional attentional processes to keep object elements together as a coherent representation. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4349–4362, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a multispectral light‐scatter sensor for bacterial colonies
Authors: Kim Huisung , Rajwa Bartek , Bhunia Arun K. , Robinson J. Paul , Bae Euiwon 
Published: July 2016

We report a multispectral elastic‐light‐scatter instrument that can simultaneously detect three‐wavelength scatter patterns and associated optical densities from individual bacterial colonies, overcoming the limits of the single‐wavelength predecessor. Absorption measurements on liquid bacterial samples revealed that the spectroscopic information can indeed contribute to sample differentiability. New optical components, including a pellicle beam splitter and an optical cage system, were utilized for robust acquisition of multispectral images. Four different genera and seven shiga toxin producing E. coli serovars were analyzed; the acquired images showed differences in scattering characteristics among the tested organisms. In addition, colony‐based spectral optical‐density information was also collected. The optical model, which was developed using diffraction theory, correctly predicted wavelength‐related differences in scatter patterns, and was matched with the experimental results. Scatter‐pattern classification was performed using pseudo‐Zernike (GPZ) polynomials/moments by combining the features collected at all three wavelengths and selecting the best features via a random‐forest method. The data demonstrate that the selected features provide better classification rates than the same number of features from any single wavelength.
Three wavelength‐merged scatter pattern from E. coli.magnified imageThree wavelength‐merged scatter pattern from E. coli.
Safety analysis of proposed data‐driven physiologic alarm parameters for hospitalized children
Authors: Goel Veena V. , Poole Sarah F. , Longhurst Christopher A. , Platchek Terry S. , Pageler Natalie M. , Sharek Paul J. , Palma Jonathan P. 
Published: July 2016

INTRODUCTIONModification of alarm limits is one approach to mitigating alarm fatigue. We aimed to create and validate heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) percentiles for hospitalized children, and analyze the safety of replacing current vital sign reference ranges with proposed data‐driven, age‐stratified 5th and 95th percentile values.METHODSIn this retrospective cross‐sectional study, nurse‐charted HR and RR data from a training set of 7202 hospitalized children were used to develop percentile tables. We compared 5th and 95th percentile values with currently accepted reference ranges in a validation set of 2287 patients. We analyzed 148 rapid response team (RRT) and cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) events over a 12‐month period, using HR and RR values in the 12 hours prior to the event, to determine the proportion of patients with out‐of‐range vitals based upon reference versus data‐driven limits.RESULTSThere were 24,045 (55.6%) fewer out‐of‐range measurements using data‐driven vital sign limits. Overall, 144/148 RRT and CRA patients had out‐of‐range HR or RR values preceding the event using current limits, and 138/148 were abnormal using data‐driven limits. Chart review of RRT and CRA patients with abnormal HR and RR per current limits considered normal by data‐driven limits revealed that clinical status change was identified by other vital sign abnormalities or clinical context.CONCLUSIONSA large proportion of vital signs in hospitalized children are outside presently used norms. Safety evaluation of data‐driven limits suggests they are as safe as those currently used. Implementation of these parameters in physiologic monitors may mitigate alarm fatigue. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;11:817–823. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and passive sampling: powerful tools for the determination of emerging pollutants in water for human consumption
Authors: Mirasole Cristiana , Di Carro Marina , Tanwar Shivani , Magi Emanuele 
Published: July 2016

Among the wide range of emerging pollutants, perfluorinated compounds and various pharmaceuticals, such as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, are showing growing concern. These contaminants can be found in freshwater ecosystems because of their incomplete removal during wastewater treatments so, their water solubility and poor degradability result in their continuous discharge and pseudo‐persistent contamination.Usually, expected levels of these analytes are particularly low; therefore, sensitive and selective analytical techniques are required for their determination. Moreover, sampling and preconcentration are fundamental steps to reach the low detection limits required. The polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) represents a modern sampling approach that allows the in‐situ preconcentration of ultra‐trace pollutants.In this work, a fast liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of diclofenac, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, naproxen, ibuprofen, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctanesulfonate and caffeine in water for human consumption. The chromatographic separation of analytes was achieved in less than 6 min. Quantitative analysis was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode using ketoprofen‐d3 as internal standard. Two different sites of Northern Italy were studied deploying POCIS for four weeks in both inlet and outlet of two drinking water treatment plants. The evaluation of time‐weighted average concentration of contaminants was accomplished after the calibration of POCIS; to this aim, the sampling rate values for each compound were obtained by means of a simple calibration system developed in our laboratory. Ketoprofen, perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoate and caffeine were measured in both sites at the ng l−1 level. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A flexible memristive model with simplex basis function
Authors: Yu Juntang , Xi Xiangming , Wang Shuning 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a flexible memristive model with simplex basis function. In the memristive model, a piecewise window function is applied to limit the physical range of the state variable, and a piecewise linear model (called simplex basis function model) is applied to describe the integral function of the current and charge. The expression of the state variable and the memristance can be almost analytically obtained. Thus, some serious errors occurring in the simulations of some existing memristive models can be avoided. The proposed memristive model shows great flexibility due to the good approximation capability of the simplex basis function model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ENSO teleconnections to the Indian summer monsoon in observations and models
Authors: Roy Indrani , Tedeschi Renata G. , Collins Matthew 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe teleconnections of different types of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to the Indian summer monsoon are investigated in observations and models. We find that, not all regions in India are strongly affected by ENSO, so we focus on two regional teleconnections: (1) a negative rainfall signal around central north east (CNE) India and ‘hilly’ region during El Niño (and vice versa for La Niña) and (2) similar signal for parts of southern peninsular region. Using correlations, it is found that >50% of the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project models capture these two regional teleconnections, with first captured by >80% of models. Furthermore, using a compositing technique that may better capture asymmetries in response to warm and cold events, the authors find that most models again agree on the sign of regional teleconnection around the CNE and hilly region, suggesting the robustness of ENSO signal in that region. The peninsular teleconnection is less well simulated in models. We find a clear connection between the Walker circulation and Indian summer monsoon rainfall around central India in models.
Factors responsible for driving the glaciation in the Sarchu Plain, eastern Zanskar Himalaya, during the late Quaternary
Authors: Sharma Shubhra , Chand Pritam , Bisht Pinky , Shukla Anil D. , Bartarya S. K. , Sundriyal Y. P. , Juyal Navin 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTDetailed geomorphological investigation supported by field stratigraphy and optical dating enabled us to identify three major events of glaciation in the eastern Zanskar Himalaya (Sarchu Plain). The oldest and most extensive glaciation is the Sarchu Glaciation Stage‐1 (SGS‐1) that pre‐dates the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and is assigned to the cold and wet Marine Isotope Stage‐4 (MIS‐4). The second glacial advance (SGS‐2) is optically dated to ∼20 ka and the youngest SGS‐3 is assigned to the 8.2 ka cooling event. Evidence of deglaciation is preserved as outwash terrace gravels and is assigned to the pluvial MIS‐3 and the early Holocene (∼9 ka). Increased strength of westerlies (winter precipitation) and associated temperature decline were responsible for driving the glaciation in the study area, a conclusion that accords well with modern meteorological data showing a reasonable correlation between the modern equilibrium line altitude, enhanced mid‐latitude westerlies (winter precipitation) and winter temperatures. The phases of deglaciation occurred during periods of warmer climatic excursions. Overall a broad correspondence between the Sarchu Plain glaciation phases and northern latitude ice sheet dynamics is suggested, implying that the glaciers in the trajectory of the mid‐latitude westerlies are likely to respond in phase with northern latitude glaciation.
Cognitive–Behavioral Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress in Patients With Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ford Jessica , Rosman Lindsey , Wuensch Karl , Irvine Jane , Sears Samuel F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractApproximately 20% of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to a history of cardiac arrest, device implantation, and ICD shock. There has been very little examination of treatment of PTSD symptoms in these patients. This study evaluated the effect of a specific cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for ICD patients with high levels of PTSD symptoms: a manualized program consisting of 8 telephone sessions with a trained counselor, a patient education book, and a stress management procedure on compact disc. Participants were 193 ICD patients, who were randomized to CBT or usual cardiac care (UCC) who completed self‐report surveys at the time of recruitment and 6 and 12 months after initial measurement. Previous publication on the primary research evaluation questions reported that the CBT condition resulted in greater improvement on PTSD and depression symptoms than the UCC for the general population of ICD patients, but did not evaluate the effect on those with elevated symptoms of PTSD. The authors conducted secondary analyses of the effect of treatment on high and low PTSD symptom groups based on a cutoff for the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (Weiss & Marmar, 1997). Participants in the CBT group who had high symptoms experienced significantly greater symptom reduction from baseline to 12 months (d = 2.44, p = .021) than the UCC group (d = 1.12). Participants with low symptoms had small reductions regardless of group assignment (d = 0.16, p = .031). ICD‐focused CBT was sufficient to produce a large, statistically significant reduction in PTSD symptoms in ICD patients with indications for treatment.
Butterfly myringoplasty for total, subtotal, and annular perforations
Authors: Alain Hazan , Esmat Najjar H. , Ohad Hilly , Yona Vaisbuch , Nageris Ben I. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives/HypothesisThe inlay “butterfly” cartilage tympanoplasty was first described as a treatment for small, central ear drum perforations. This technique can also be applied in large, marginal perforations, whereas the cartilage graft is anchored on the bony annulus. The aim of this study was to present the technique, to evaluate the results of butterfly tympanoplasty in marginal perforations, and to compare with the results of butterfly tympanoplasty in patients with nonmarginal perforations.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsThe files of patients who underwent inlay butterfly cartilage tympanoplasty for subtotal and total perforations from May 2011 to May 2013 were reviewed. Patients were followed with otoscopy and audiometry, and their results were compared with those of patients who underwent butterfly tympanoplasty for nonmarginal perforations.ResultsForty‐eight patients underwent butterfly tympanoplasty for subtotal and total perforations during the study period. Exclusion criteria included: active inflammation during the 3 months prior to surgery, cholesteatoma, lack of follow‐up, incomplete data, ossicular chain anomaly/discontinuity, and significant sensorineural hearing loss (average bone‐conduction threshold at 500,1000 and 2,000 Hz poorer than 20 dB). Thirty‐three patients were included. The mean age at surgery was 34 years (range, 19–76 years); 17 patients (51%) were male. Four patients were treated previously by tympanoplasty (revision surgery), whereas the other 29 had primary surgery. None of the patients had intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications such as sensorineural hearing loss on the operated ear or facial nerve palsy. One month after surgery, two patients had a residual perforation (94% success rate), and the mean speech recognition threshold (SRT) improved from 38 dB to 24 dB. The pure tone audiogram improved from 37.7 dB to 10.6 dB, and the word recognition score improved from 97.7 to 99.75. These results are comparable with our results in nonmarginal perforations, whereas a 92% success rate and a postoperative SRT of 26 dB were achieved in a cohort of 42 patients.ConclusionsInlay butterfly cartilage tympanoplasty is safe and effective in patients with total or subtotal perforations, and the results are comparable to those seen in nonmarginal perforations.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:2565–2568, 2016
Low surgical complication rates in cochlear implantation for young children less than 1 year of age
Authors: Kalejaiye Adedoyin , Ansari Ghedak , Ortega Gezzer , Davidson Mauricia , Kim Hung Jeffrey 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for perioperative morbidity among a large national cohort of pediatric patients undergoing cochlear implantation.Study DesignRetrospective study utilizing the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric database (2012–2013).MethodsPediatric cochlear implantation cases were identified using current procedural terminology 69930. Patients were categorized by age, and operative characteristics along with 30‐day perioperative outcomes were analyzed.ResultsWe identified 1,351 cases of pediatric cochlear implantation. The median age was 3.6 years, and 73 patients were less than 1 year of age. Of 21 complication occurrences (1.55%), superficial incisional surgical site infection (SSI) was the most common (n = 13, 61.9%). Thirty‐nine patients (2.9%) required readmission. The median operative time was 142 minutes, and the mean postoperative length of stay was 0.58 days. When comparing patients younger than 1 year old to those 1 year or older, no significant differences were noted in complication rate, postoperative length of stay, or reoperation rate. Patients less than 1 year of age were more likely to be readmitted (6.9% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.04) and had longer mean operative times (191 minutes vs. 160 minutes, P = 0.0015). Steroid use was a risk factor for unplanned reoperation, SSI, and readmission.ConclusionDespite a slight increase in readmission rates and operative times among patients less than 1 year of age, cochlear implantation appears to be safe in this population, with complication rates, reoperation rates, and postoperative lengths of stay similar to children undergoing the procedure at the current U.S. Food and Drug Administration‐approved age of 1 year and older.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:720–724, 2017
Prevention of vocal fold scarring by local application of basic fibroblast growth factor in a rat vocal fold injury model
Authors: Suzuki Ryo , Kawai Yoshitaka , Tsuji Takuya , Hiwatashi Nao , Kishimoto Yo , Tateya Ichiro , Nakamura Tatsuo , Hirano Shigeru 
Published: July 2016

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold scarring, which causes severe hoarseness, is intractable. The optimal treatment for vocal fold scarring has not been established; therefore, prevention of scarring is important. The aim of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for prevention of postsurgical vocal fold scarring.Study DesignProspective animal experiments with controls.MethodThe vocal folds of Sprague‐Dawley rats were injured unilaterally or bilaterally after local application of a 10 μL solution of bFGF. Larynges ware harvested for histological and immunohistochemical examination 2 months postoperation and for quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis 1 week postoperation.ResultsHistological examination showed significantly increased hyaluronic acid and decreased deposition of dense collagen in the bFGF‐treated group at 100 ng/10 μL compared with the sham‐treated group. Immunohistochemical examination showed significantly decreased collagen type III deposition in the bFGF‐treated group at 100 ng/10 μL compared with the sham‐treated group. qRT‐PCR revealed that hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2), Has3, and hepatocyte growth factor were upregulated in bFGF‐treated groups compared with sham‐treated group.ConclusionThe current results suggest that local application of bFGF at the time of injury has the potential to prevent vocal fold scarring. Preventive injection of bFGF could be applied at the time of phonomicrosurgery to avoid postoperative scar formation.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:E67–E74, 2017
Experimental demonstration of PT‐symmetric stripe lasers
Authors: Gu Zhiyuan , Zhang Nan , Lyu Quan , Li Meng , Xiao Shumin , Song Qinghai 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecently, the coexistence of a parity‐time (PT) symmetric laser and absorber has gained tremendous research attention. While PT‐symmetric lasers have been observed in microring resonators, the experimental demonstration of a PT‐symmetric stripe laser is still absent. Here, we experimentally study a PT‐symmetric laser absorber in a stripe waveguide. Using the concept of PT‐symmetry to exploit the light amplification and absorption, PT‐symmetric laser absorbers have been successfully obtained. In contrast to the single‐mode PT‐symmetric lasers, the PT‐symmetric stripe lasers have been experimentally confirmed by comparing the relative wavelength positions and mode spacing under different pumping conditions. When the waveguide is half‐pumped, the mode spacing is doubled and the lasing wavelengths shift to the center of every two initial lasing modes. All these observations are consistent with the theoretical predictions and well confirm the PT‐symmetry breaking.
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Does prenatal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome make a difference? – A systematic review
Authors: Thakur Varsha , Munk Nadia , Mertens Luc , Nield Lynne E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveHypoplastic left heart syndrome is frequently diagnosed prenatally with variable benefit. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the impact of fetal diagnosis; the primary objective was to evaluate impact on mortality.MethodsPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were followed. Seven databases were searched. Meta‐analysis was performed using a random effects model to evaluate the effect of fetal diagnosis on mortality.ResultsLiterature search revealed 2124 titles and abstracts for screening; 21 full texts were reviewed. Six studies and one abstract were included. Preoperative mortality in 609 neonates (228 prenatal and 381 postnatal) was evaluated. There were 11 deaths in prenatally diagnosed neonates versus 16 deaths in postnatally diagnosed neonates (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.22–2.01, p = 0.48). Neonates with fetal diagnosis had less preoperative acidosis (mean difference 0.07, 95% CI 0.05, 0.1, p < 0.01) and required less inotropic support (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.04, 0.7, p = 0.01). Post Stage I, there were 47 deaths in 227 prenatally diagnosed neonates versus 78 deaths in 299 postnatally diagnosed neonates (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.43, 1.62, p = 0.59).ConclusionsThere is no significant impact of prenatal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome on preoperative or post Stage I mortality. Neonates with prenatal diagnosis were hemodynamically more stable. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.