bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Thrips Control in Peanuts using Percent Damage Leaflet Ratings, 1997
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Royals B. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
At-plant, in-furrow applied insecticides were evaluated for tobacco thrips control at the Peanut Belt Research Station in Lewiston-Woodville. Variety NC-7 peanuts were planted on 36-inch rows on 7 May at approximately 100 lb seed/acre. Soil temperature was 70°F and the soil was moist. The humic matter was 0.6% and soil pH was 5.9. Soil series consisted of Rains + Goldsboro sandy loam. Prowl and Vernam were used for early-season weed control. Plots were 2 rows wide by 50 ft long and each plot was separated by two buffer rows. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with four replicates. Plot ends were separated by 5-ft barren strip. Peanuts were planted using a Cole planter and in-furrow treatments were placed in the furrow with seed using electric Gandy boxes. The in-furrow application of Orthene 97% was applied by mounting spray nozzles directly behind the seed tube and connecting these to a CO2 sprayer on the planter. The sprayer was operated at 40 psi delivering approx. 30 gpa using 8003 flat-fan nozzles. Treatment rates and application techniques are listed in table. Peanuts were managed under standard agronomic practices. Thrips control was evaluated by determining the abundance of damaged leaflets per plot on 3, 12, and 16 Jun. Twenty-five, newly opened leaflets per plot were randomly selected and examined for thrips damage. The number of damaged leaflets was recorded. Stand counts were taken on 16 Jun. Yield was determined by digging, drying, and weighing peanuts from both rows of each plot on 7 Nov. All data were transformed (square root ofx + 0.50) prior to ANOVA and DNMRT. Actual means are presented in table.
Effects of Selected Foliar Applied Insecticides on Thrips Injury and Yield of Virginia-Type Peanut, 1997
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Selected foliar applied insecticides were evaluated against TT injury and for effects on yield of Virginia-type peanut. ‘VA-C 92R’ peanut was planted 7 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA using 36-inch row spacing. Eight gpa of metam-sodium 42% was injected into rows as a soil fumigant on 11 Apr, about 4 weeks prior to planting. Foliar sprays were applied on 23 May, after plants had emerged, and again 10 Jun. Sprays were applied in a 12- to 14-inch band over the row with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17.0 gpa at 22 psi through one 8003 E flat nozzle over the top of each row. A RCB design was used with 4 replicates. Plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. TT injury was evaluated based on a 0 to 10 scale where, 0 = no thrips induced plant injury, 1 = 10% injured leaves, 2 = 20% injured leaves, 3 = 30% injured leaves, 4 = 40% injured leaves, 5 = ≥ 50% injured leaves + ≤ 5% terminal buds injured, 6 = ≥ 50% injured leaves + 25% terminal buds injured, 7 = ≥ 50% injured leaves + 50% terminal buds injured, 8 = ≥ 50% injured leaves + 75% terminal buds injured, 9 = a≥ 50% injured leaves + ≥ 90% terminal buds injured, and 10 = dead plants. Yield was determined by digging, drying, and combining peanuts from the 2 center rows of each plot. Data were analyzed used ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Fury 1.5 EC In a Dry-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture, 1997
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticides and fertilizer. On 22 Apr, plots were fertilized with urea at 57 lb nitrogen/acre and hand planted with untreated or fipronil-treated seed at 100 lb seed/acre. Fipronil-treated seed was provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company and applied at the rate shown in the table. Immediately after planting and fertilizing, plots were raked to incorporate urea and seed into dry League soil. Immediately after incorporation, plots were flushed (temporary flood for 24-48 h then drain). On 2 May, rice emerged through soil. From emergence of rice through soil to application of the permanent flood on 23 May (21 d after emergence of rice through soil) plots were flush irrigated as needed. On 19 May, plots were sprayed with Facet 75 DF at 0.5 lb/acre, crop oil concentrate at 2 pt/acre, Prowl 3.3 EC at 2 pt/acre, and Basagran at 1.5 pt/acre. Herbicides were applied with a 2-person 20 ft spray rig pressurized with COz. On 22 May, plots were fertilized with urea at 57 lb nitrogen/acre. On 26 May, selected plots were sprayed with Fury 1.5 EC and Karate at the rates shown in the table using a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 16.0 gpa. On 6 Jun, selected plots were treated with Furadan 3 G at 20 lb/acre using a hand-held shaker jar. On 13 Jun and 10 Jul, plots were fertilized with urea at 30 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 174 lb/acre. On each of 18 Jun and 6 Jul (26 and 44 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood) five 4-inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. At maturity, plots were harvested (19 Aug = 109 d from emergence of rice through soil) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Fipronil in a Water-Seeded, Pinpoint Flood Culture-Eup Study, 1997
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was a non-replicated experimental use permit (EUP) study with 3 treatments. Plot size was 2.9 acres and plots were separated by earthen levees. On 16 Apr, plots were fertilized with urea at 113 lb nitrogen/acre and treated with Ordram 15 G at 27 lb/acre. Fertilizer and herbicide were applied by air and incorporated into dry League soil with a spike tooth harrow. On 18 Apr, plots were flooded and planted by air (M&M Air Service) with untreated or fipronil-treated, sprouted seed at 100 lb dry seed/acre. Sprouted seed was prepared by soaking untreated seed for 24 h then draining and drying for 24 h. Fipronil was applied to sprouted seed using Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company’s seed treater. On 21 Apr, plots were drained and were reflooded on 29 Apr. On 3 May, rice emerged through the water which was approximately 4 inches deep. On 9 May (6 d after rice emergence through water), a selected plot was treated by air with Furadan 3 G at 20 lb/acre. On each of 20 May, 27 May, 3 Jun, and 10 Jun (17, 24, 31, and 38 d after rice emergence through water), 20, 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Cores were washed and inspected for immature RWW. On 28 May and 10 Jul, plots were fertilized by air with urea at 30 lb nitrogen/acre, thus, total nitrogen applied to the plots during the entire growing season was 173 lb/acre. At maturity, plots were harvested (26 Aug) with a commercial rice combine equipped with a Global Positioning System which enabled yields from each plot to be collected and recorded. Insect counts were transformed using Vx + 0.5 and data analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and LSD.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Exp 80698A 75 Fs Applied Before the Permanent Flood in a Dry-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture, 1997
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. On 4 May, plots were fertilized with urea at 113 lb nitrogen/acre and hand planted with untreated or treated seed at 100 lb seed/acre. EXP 80698A 75 FS was applied to seed at the rates in the table. Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company provided the treated seed. Also on 4 May, selected plots were tested with EXP 80698A 75 FS at the rates in the table using a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 16.0 gpa. Immediately after planting and applying fertilizer and insecticide, dry League soil in plots was raked to incorporate urea, seed and insecticide. Immediately after incorporation, plots were flushed (24-48 h temporary flooding, then draining). Rice emerged through soil on 14 May. From emergence of rice through soil to application of the permanent flood on 4 Jun (21 d after rice emergence through soil), rice was flush irrigated as needed. On 28 May, plots were sprayed with Facet 75 DF at 0.5 lb/acre, crop oil concentrate at 2 pt/acre, Prowl 3.3 EC at 2 pt/acre, and Basagran at 1.5 pt/acre. Herbicides were applied by hand with a 20 ft spray boom pressurized with CO2. On 18 Jun (14 d after application of the permanent flood), selected plots were treated with Furadan 3 G at 20 lb/acre using a hand-held shaker jar. On 19 Jun and 10 Jul, plots were fertilized with urea at 30 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 173 lb/acre. On each of 29 Jun and 11 Jul (25 and 37 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), five 4-inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. At maturity, plots were harvested (6 Sep = 115 d from emergence of rice through soil) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Suppression of Rice Stink Bug on Sorghum, 1997
Authors: Anderson R. M. , Teetes G. L. , Pendleton B. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides for rice stink bug control were evaluated at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Farm near College Station, TX. Seed of hybrid sorghum (AT x 399 X RT x 430) was planted 16 Jun on rows spaced 30 inches apart. Insecticide treatments were compared in plots, 8 rows X 40 ft long, arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied to the middle 2 rows of plots when sorghum was in the dough stage. Insecticides were applied on 9 Sep between 0930 and 1100 h CDT by using a hand-held backpack sprayer with 4, TX-3 hollow cone nozzles at 35 psi, producing a finished spray volume of 4.9 gpa. Stink bug abundance was assessed by using the “beat bucket” technique to sample 10 panicles per plot. A pre-treatment count of rice stink bug nymph and adult abundance was made just prior to insecticide applications. Post-treatment counts were made on 10 (1 DAT) and 12 Sep (3 DAT). Data were statistically analyzed by using ANOVA and LSD. Percent control was calculated by using the Henderson and Tilton (1955) sampling formula.
Control of Panicle Caterpillars on Sorghum, 1997
Authors: Anderson R. M. , Teetes G. L. , Pendleton B. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for control of panicle caterpillars at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Farm near College Station, TX. Panicle caterpillars included corn earworm, fall armyworm, and sorghum web-worm. Seed of hybrid sorghum (ATx399 X RTx430) was planted 16 Jun on rows spaced 30 inches apart. Insecticide treatments were compared in plots, 8 rows X 40 ft long, arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied to the middle 2 rows of plots when sorghum was in the dough stage. Insecticides were applied on 9 Sep between 0930 and 1100 h CDT by using a hand-held backpack sprayer with 4, TX-3 hollow cone nozzles at 35 psi. producing a finished spray volume of 4.9 gpa. Caterpillar abundance was assessed by using the “beat bucket” technique to sample 10 panicles per plot. A pre-treatment count of headworms and webworms was made just prior to insecticide application. Post-treatment counts were made on 10(1 DAT) and 12 Sep (3 DAT). Data were statistically analyzed by using ANOVA and LSD. Percent control was calculated by using the Henderson and Tilton (1955) sampling formula.
Red Imported Fire Ant Management in Grain Sorghum Using Selected Insecticide Treatments, 1997
Authors: Castro B. A. , Riley T. J. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of selected insecticide treatments was evaluated against the RIFA in grain sorghum. The experiment was conducted at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro, LA. Grain sorghum was planted no-till with a John Deere 7300 planter into a bermuda-grass and containing a high density of RIFA mounds. The test was planted on 30 May in a RCB design with 4-row plots (40-inch centers) X 15 ft and 4 replications. Karate 1 EC and Furadan 4°F were applied as in-furrow sprays at planting (IFSAP) using a CO2 charged system calibrated to deliver 5 gpa of total solution at 35 psi through 8002E flat fan nozzles (1/row). Lorsban 4 EC was applied as pre-emergence surface spray (PRE) immediately post-plant with a CO2 charged system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 35 psi through 8001 flat fan nozzles (1/row) in a band 20 inches wide over the row center. Other treatments were applied either as T-banded granules at planting (TBAND) or seed treatments (SEEDT). RIFA densities were estimated on 18 Jun by placing an unruled index card (3 X 5 inches) baited with a teaspoon of creamy peanut butter evenly distributed on one side of the card. One card was placed, baited side down, in each plot and the number of ants attracted after 30 minutes was recorded. Plant population densities were recorded on 2 Jul by sampling the entire 2 center rows. The heights of 20 randomly selected plants from the 2 center rows of each plot were measured on 3 Jul. Intra-row skips between plants were recorded on 3 Jul by counting the number of skips between plants &gt; 12 inches in the 2 center rows. RIFA density data were transformed [log (x + 1)] prior to ANOVA and LSD. Actual means were presented in table.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Management of Sorghum Midge in Sorghum, 1997
Authors: Castro B. A. , Riley T. J. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Selected insecticides were evaluated for control of sorghum midge in grain sorghum at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro, LA. Grain sorghum was planted in a Gigger-Gilbert silt loam on 6 Jun in 4-row plots (40-inch centers) X 60 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. In-secticide treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 charged system calibrated to deliver 6 gpa at 47 psi through TX-8 hollow-cone nozzles (2/row). All insecticides were applied on 5 Aug when an average of 25% of sorghum plants in the field were at some stage of yellow flowering. Sorghum midge damage to seed heads was evaluated in the field on 5 Sep by visually estimating the percent blasted kernels on each of 20 randomly selected panicles from the 2 center rows per plot. Sorghum seed yields were obtained on 10 Sep by mechanically harvesting the 2 center rows in each plot. Sorghum midge damage data were transformed [arcsin (x/100)] prior to ANOVA and DNMRT. Actual means are presented in the table.
Insecticidal Control of the Sugarcane Borer-Aerial Application Test, 1997
Authors: Rodriguez L. M. , Woolwine A. E. , Ostheimer E. A. , Schexnayder H. P. , Reagan T. E. , White W. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticidal control of SCB was evaluated in a RCB design (4 replications only 2 for Fury) of first ratoon ‘CP 74-383’ sugarcane at Glendale Plantation, Edgard, LA during the Summer of 1997. Treatments were randomly assigned to field plots (ca. 1.51 to 2.08 ac each). Each treatment was applied in water using an Ag Cat B aircraft with swaths of 54 ft calibrated to deliver 2 gpa. Both Confirm treatments were applied with CS-7 at a rate of 0.125% vol/vol. Swaths in all applications were flagged with trucks to help minimize drift. SCB infestations were monitored weekly and plots were initially treated when 5% of the sugarcane stalks contained live larvae in the leaf sheats (30 Jun). All plots were retreated when the sugarcane stalks in the Confirm 0.125 lb (AI)/acre treatment contained 5% live larvae in the leaf sheaths (13 Aug). Insecticide treatments were evaluated by counting the number of dead and live larvae behind the leaf sheaths 3 DAT. YSA and WIC populations were also monitored weekly by counting the total number of each on 20 leaves (3rd leaf below the terminal whorl) per plot.
Imported Fire Ant Control on Non-Cropland, 1996
Authors: Harris Joseph P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at an Industrial Park in Covington County, Mississippi. Soil type was a sandy clay loam. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Each replication was 10,000 ft2. Each replication contained an average of 9 to 12 active mounds prior to treatment. Insecticide applications were made on 11 Sep. Drench applications were made using ½ to 1 gal total spray per mound depending on the size of mound. Mounds with a base diam of 6 inches or less received ½ gal; mounds with a base diam of more than 6 inches received 1 gal. PFAK (Purple Fire Ant Killer) was applied as a bait station on the side of mounds using ½ teaspoon (size of quarter) per mound. Rainfall occurred on 15 and 21 Sep receiving 0.5 inch and 0.25 inch, respectively. Active fire ant mounds were determined visually and by touch. Pre-treatment counts were made on 11 Sep and post-treatment counts were made on 13, 17, and 24 Sep.
Timing Effect of Halofenozide and Cyfluthrin Treatments on Suppression of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass, 1997
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatment plots were 6X10 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed-air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 625 ml of water/60 ft2 or delivering 2.7 gal/1,000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with fine top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At the 1st treatment time (10 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 70° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 65° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 63° F; RH, 90%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 57.7% sand, 30.0% silt, 12.3% clay; soil percent water content (percent by weight), 19.3% organic matter, 4.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.7; time of application, early morning; and cloudy skies. At the 2nd treatment time (24 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 59° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 58° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 62° F; RH, 95%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textured class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 61.3% sand, 27.7% silt, 11.0% clay; soil percent water content (percent by weight), 24.2%; organic matter, 5.2%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.8; time of application, early morning; and overcast skies. At the 3rd treatment time (30 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 63° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 62° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 60° F; RH, 18%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 60.8% sand, 29.0% silt, 10.2% clay; soil percent water content (percent by weight), 19.1 %; organic matter, 5.0%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 7.0; time of application, early morning; and clear skies. The area was irrigated with 0.3 inch of water immediately following application after each treatment time. The experimental area was artificially infested with second- and third-instar BCW larvae on 5 Aug. A total of 11.0 inches of rain or irrigation was recorded from Jul 10 through Aug 14. The entire experimental area was covered with bird netting until posttreatment counts were recorded on 8 Aug. Efficacy data were recorded 3 days (8 Aug), 6 days (11 Aug), and 9 days (14 Aug) after infesting the experimental area with BCW larvae by counting the number of larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0-yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 30 ml Lemon Joy&#x99; dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water.
Control of Early Instar Black Cutworm Using Conserve Insecticide, 1997
Authors: Weinhold A. P. , Baxendale F. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted at the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development Center near Mead, Nebraska. The turf (100% creeping bentgrass) was maintained at a mowing height of 0.625 inch. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.50 inch. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3.5%; soil pH, 6.5; water pH, 7.0. Environmental conditions at the time of application, (09 Jul) were as follows: soil moisture 20% by wt; air temperature 82°F; soil temperature 82°F; relative humidity 82%; wind direction and velocity 123° at 8 mph. Each 1 X 8 ft plot contained three 8-inch-dia. artificial infestation pots and the experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plot area was treated with Sevin two weeks prior to cutworm introduction to reduce potential predators. Bentgrass sod was installed one week prior to cutworm inoculation to promote turf establishment. Twenty 0.5- to 0.75-inch-long cutworms were placed into each infestation plot 1 d before insecticide application. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO2 sprayer with a TeeJet® 8002 nozzle at 30 psi and delivering 87 gpa. Plots were not irrigated for 24 h. Post-treatment precipitation totaled 0.24 inches. Treatments were evaluated 1, 3, and 7 days after application.
Fall Mole Cricket Control on Golf Courses, 1996A
Authors: Harris Joseph P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted on fairway 11 at the Jackson County Golf Course in Jackson County on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi. Soil type was a sandy clay loam. Mole crickets were midinstar nymphs. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Each replication was 2,000 ft2. Treatments were made on 20 Aug. Granular formulations were applied with a Scotts Pro-Turf, hand-pushed spreader. Rainfall and/or irrigation from 20 Aug through 17 Sep was a total of 1.33 inches during this study. Talstar F and Orthene TTO + Talstar F plots received 0.33 inch water within 1 hour after applications, and the Orthene TTO plot received 0.33 inch immediately prior to application. Mole cricket damage ratings were made using a 1-m2 frame divided into nine equal, square-shaped sections. The frame was placed on the ground in 10 lo cations/rep. The presence of mounds and tunnels was determined visually and by touch. Damage ranged from zero (no damage in any of the nine sections to nine (nine sections contained mounds and/or tunnels). Pretreatment counts were made on 20 Aug and post-treatment counts were made on 26 Aug and 3, 10, 17 Sep.