bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Native microhabitats better predict tolerance to warming than latitudinal macro‐climatic variables in arid‐zone plants
Authors: Curtis Ellen M. , Gollan John , Murray Brad R. , Leigh Andrea 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimUnderstanding species ability to withstand heat stress is paramount for predicting their response to increasing temperatures and decreasing rainfall. Arid systems are subject to climatic extremes, where plants, being immobile, live on the frontline of climate change. Our aim was to investigate whether: (1) warming tolerance [WT = the difference between a species physiological thermal damage threshold (T50) and the maximum temperature within its distribution (Thab)] for desert plants is higher at high latitudes, as has been shown for terrestrial ectotherms, and (2) if T50 of desert plants better corresponds with broad climatic indicators or species native microhabitats.LocationThe Australian Arid Lands Botanic Garden, Port Augusta, South Australia.MethodsUsing chlorophyll fluorescence techniques, we measured T50 for 42 Australian arid plant species native to different microhabitats based on water availability. WT was calculated (T50−Thab) and each metric was compared against microhabitat and broad‐scale climatic variables for each species.ResultsT50 was unrelated to macro‐scale climate or latitude, whereas WT increased for species whose distributions extend into higher latitudes, a pattern hitherto not shown for terrestrial plants. We also found that species adapted to higher water availability in their native microhabitat had significantly lower T50 and WT than species from drier microhabitats.Main conclusions(1) Warming tolerance increased with latitude, but the strength of this relationship was related to the way WT was quantified, with Thab and latitude being linked. (2) T50 did not correlate with latitude, but both T50 and WT were strongly related to their microhabitats. Specifically, water availability is important, such that even within a desert biome, species associated with ‘wetter’ microhabitats, may be particularly vulnerable to heat stress. Thus, we show that local‐scale patterns better capture plant physiological responses to temperature than broad‐scale distributions.
Evaluating the influence of connectivity and distance on biogeographical patterns in the south‐western deserts of North America
Authors: Van Dam Matthew H. , Matzke Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimTo examine the role of geological history, connectivity and distance in shaping the biogeographical structure of North American desert clades that are restricted to habitat islands (sand dunes and relictual aquatic habitats), using statistical model choice on old and new probabilistic biogeographical models.LocationNorth America, Mojave, Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts.Materials and methodsDated phylogenies were estimated for three field‐sampled insect clades (Trigonoscuta,Rhaphiomidasand sand treader crickets), and five other literature‐sampled clades (the snailsAssiminea,PyrgulopsisandTryonia; the desert fringe‐toed lizardUma; and the desert pupfishCyprinodon).BioGeoBEARSwas used to statistically compare biogeographical models assuming unconstrained or connectivity‐constrained dispersal, with or without founder‐event speciation (jump dispersal) permitted. Finally, we introduce and test a novel distance‐based dispersal model (+x) where dispersal probability is multiplied by distance to the powerx.ResultsWe observed little concordance between biogeographical patterns and timing of geological events. Model comparisons were decidedly in favour of inclusion of founder‐event speciation in the models for most taxa, with only a small taxon,Uma, showing support for the model favouring vicariance. The inclusion of a constrained‐dispersal matrix was favoured by three of the eight taxa examined (Cyprinodon, sand treader crickets, andTrigonoscuta). Surprisingly, tests for distance influencing dispersal probability were mostly negative.Main conclusionsOur results do not show support for any one geological event shaping the biogeographical patterns of these desert taxa. Instead, the histories of desert dune and aquatic taxa are largely products of rare jump dispersal events, and can be considered island‐like systems. Although results are negative for the distance‐based dispersal model, this in itself demonstrates the superiority of explicit statistical model testing overa prioriassumption of fixed models in historical biogeography.
Comparative phylogeography of two codistributed subgenera of cave crickets (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Ceuthophilus spp.)
Authors: Weckstein Jason D. , Johnson Kevin P. , Murdoch John D. , Krejca Jean K. , Takiya Daniela M. , Veni George , Reddell James R. , Taylor Steven J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimWe compare the phylogeographical structure among caves for co‐occurring cave dwelling crickets (Ceuthophilus) in two subgenera Ceuthophilus (Ceuthophilus) (hereafter, called Ceuthophilus) and Ceuthophilus (Geotettix) (hereafter, called Geotettix). In our study area (central Texas), cave‐inhabiting members of the subgenus Ceuthophilus are trogloxenes, roosting in the caves but foraging above ground and occasionally moving between caves, whereas members of the subgenus Geotettix are near‐obligate cave dwellers, which forage inside the caves, and only rarely are found above ground. Differences in potential dispersal ability and ecology provide a framework for understanding their effects on the phylogeographical structure and isolation of populations of cave dwelling organisms.LocationEdwards Plateau, Texas, USA.MethodsWe sequenced 1263 bp of two mitochondrial genes for a total of 309 individual rhaphidophorid cave crickets primarily in two subgenera of Ceuthophilus (Rhaphidophoridae). We reconstructed phylogenetic trees for each subgenus using Bayesian inference and then assessed whether their recent evolutionary history exhibited patterns of geographical structure.ResultsBoth Ceuthophilus and Geotettix exhibited strong geographical structure. Rather than exhibiting the expected lower levels of divergence and genetic structure, the trogloxenes of the subgenus Ceuthophilus show deeper divergences than the more cave‐limited Geotettix taxa. Ceuthophilus has a higher proportion of unique haplotypes than does Geotettix. Mismatch distributions of Ceuthophilus and Geotettix differ, with Ceuthophilus exhibiting a multimodal mismatch distribution and Geotettix exhibiting a unimodal mismatch distribution.Main conclusionsBoth cave cricket subgenera display strong geographical structuring. However, their phylogenetic trees differed in their geographical orientation, which could be explained by timing of colonization, association with caves and underground connections, and above‐ground landscape or ecological barriers. For Ceuthophilus, the relatively high proportion of unique haplotypes and the multimodal mismatch distribution are consistent with relatively larger population size as compared to Geotettix.
Modelling changes in clinical attachment loss to classify periodontal disease progression
Authors: Teles Ricardo , Benecha Habtamu K. , Preisser John S. , Moss Kevin , Starr Jacqueline R. , Corby Patricia , Genco Robert , Garcia Nathalia , Giannobile William V. , Jared Heather , Torresyap Gay , Salazar Elida , Moya Julie , Howard Cynthia , Schifferle Robert , Falkner Karen L. , Gillespie Jane , Dixon Debra , Cugini MaryAnn 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimThe goal of this study was to identify progressing periodontal sites by applying linear mixed models (LMM) to longitudinal measurements of clinical attachment loss (CAL).MethodsNinety‐three periodontally healthy and 236 periodontitis subjects had their CAL measured bi‐monthly for 12 months. The proportions of sites demonstrating increases in CAL from baseline above specified thresholds were calculated for each visit. The proportions of sites reversing from the progressing state were also computed. LMM were fitted for each tooth site and the predicted CAL levels used to categorize sites regarding progression or regression. The threshold for progression was established based on the model‐estimated error in predictions.ResultsOver 12 months, 21.2%, 2.8% and 0.3% of sites progressed, according to thresholds of 1, 2 and 3 mm of CAL increase. However, on average, 42.0%, 64.4% and 77.7% of progressing sites for the different thresholds reversed in subsequent visits. Conversely, 97.1%, 76.9% and 23.1% of sites classified as progressing using LMM had observed CAL increases above 1, 2 and 3 mm after 12 months, whereas mean rates of reversal were 10.6%, 30.2% and 53.0% respectively.ConclusionLMM accounted for several sources of error in longitudinal CAL measurement, providing an improved method for classifying progressing sites.
Japanese study of tofogliflozin with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in an observational study of the elderly (J‐STEP/EL): A 12‐week interim analysis
Authors: Utsunomiya Kazunori , Shimmoto Naoki , Senda Masayuki , Kurihara Yuji , Gunji Ryoji , Kameda Hiroyuki , Tamura Masahiro , Mihara Hanako , Kaku Kohei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionSodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors are a promising treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus, but are associated with concerns about specific adverse drug reactions. We carried out a 1‐year post‐marketing surveillance of tofogliflozin, a novel agent in this class, in Japanese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and here report the results of a 12‐week interim analysis, focusing on adverse drug reactions of special interest.Materials and MethodsThe present prospective observational study included all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged ≥65 years who started tofogliflozin during the first 3 months after its launch. Data on demographic and baseline characteristics, clinical course and adverse events were collected.ResultsOf 1,535 patients registered, 1,506 patients whose electronic case report forms were collected and who had at least one follow‐up visit were included in the safety analysis at 12 weeks. A total of 178 of 1,506 patients (11.82%) had at least one adverse drug reaction to tofogliflozin. The incidence of adverse drug reactions of special interest (polyuria/pollakiuria, volume depletion‐related events, urinary tract infection, genital infection, skin disorders and hypoglycemia) was 2.19, 2.32, 1.33, 1.13, 1.46 and 0.73%, respectively. No new safety concerns were identified. Among those evaluable for clinical effectiveness, the mean (standard deviation) glycated hemoglobin decreased from 7.65% (1.35%) at baseline to 7.25% (1.16%) at 12 weeks by 0.39% (0.94%; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThis interim analysis characterized the safety profile of tofogliflozin in Japanese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during the early post‐marketing period.
Effect of Short‐Duration, Localized Carbamide Peroxide Application to Remove Enamel Staining on Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Enamel
Authors: Cooper Jeril R. , Young Nancy B. , Haywood Van B. , Mettenburg Don , Callan Richard S. , Rueggeberg Fredrick A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivePeripheral enamel staining is often noticed after removal of long‐term veneer or crown provisional restorations. Application of carbamide peroxide (CP) easily removes the stain, but the potential for immediate bonding with a resin‐based cement is questionable. This project tested the short‐term, shear bond strength of a commercial, photo‐curable, resin cement to bovine enamel after application of a 10% concentration of CP placed for different exposure times.Materials and MethodsBovine enamel was flattened and polished. Surfaces had either no CP application (control), or 10% CP applied for 10, 20, or 30 seconds. Teeth were acid‐etched, rinsed, dried, and controlled sized stubs of a commercial resin cement were photocured onto the treated surfaces. The shear bond strength of each specimen was determined using a universal testing machine, and results were compared using an analysis of variance at a preset alpha of 0.5 (n = 10/group).ResultsNo significant differences (p = 0.819) in shear bond strength were found among any CP cleaning treatments or the experimental (nontreated) control.ConclusionsShort‐term application of 10% carbamide peroxide prior to acid etching, to remove enamel stains in teeth prepared to receive ceramic veneers or crowns, does not reduce immediate shear bond strength of resin‐based cement to enamel.Clinical SignificanceClinicians can confidently apply 10% CP for short‐term, localized stain removal on enamel and not be concerned about affecting subsequent bond strength of a resin‐based cement to enamel. (J Esthet Restor Dent, 2016)
Vaniprevir plus peginterferon alfa‐2b and ribavirin in treatment‐experienced Japanese patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (GT1b) infection: Phase 3 studies
Authors: Kumada Hiromitsu , Mochida Satoshi , Suzuki Fumitaka , Chayama Kazuaki , Karino Yoshiyasu , Nakamura Keisuke , Fujimoto Go , Howe Anita Y. M. , Ludmerer Steve W. , Mobashery Niloufar 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground and AimVaniprevir is a macrocyclic hepatitis C virus (HCV) non‐structural (NS)3/4A protease inhibitor. The objective of these phase 3 multicenter, open‐label trials was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vaniprevir + peginterferon alfa‐2b + ribavirin (PR) in Japanese patients with HCV genotype (GT)1 infection who had previously failed treatment with interferon‐based regimens.MethodsJapanese patients with chronic HCV GT1 were enrolled. In PN044, patients with previous relapse or virologic breakthrough were randomized to vaniprevir (300 mg twice daily) + PR for 12 weeks followed by PR for another 12 weeks (12‐week arm) or vaniprevir + PR for 24 weeks (24‐week arm). In PN045, patients with previous partial/null response received vaniprevir + PR for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response at 24 weeks after completing treatment (SVR24).ResultsIn PN044 (n = 51), SVR24 was 92.0% and 96.2% in the 12‐ and 24‐week arms, respectively. In PN045 (n = 42), SVR24 was 61.9% in all patients and 55.2% in previous null responders. In both studies, vaniprevir + PR was generally safe and well tolerated; the majority of adverse events were mild/moderate and included pyrexia, decreased hemoglobin, headache, nausea, pruritus, and decreased platelet count. Polymorphisms in the HCV NS3 gene at baseline (Y56, Q80, and V170) did not impact treatment outcome. Virologic failure was principally associated with the on‐treatment emergence of R155 or D168 mutations.ConclusionsVaniprevir + PR is an effective, well‐tolerated treatment for Japanese patients with HCV GT1 infection who failed previous interferon‐based treatment.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01405937 and NCT01405560 (Protocols PN044 and PN045)
OsGRF4 controls grain shape, panicle length and seed shattering in rice
Authors: Sun Pingyong , Zhang Wuhan , Wang Yihua , He Qiang , Shu Fu , Liu Hai , Wang Jie , Wang Jianmin , Yuan Longping , Deng Huafeng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTraits such as grain shape, panicle length and seed shattering, play important roles in grain yield and harvest. In this study, the cloning and functional analysis of PANICLE TRAITS 2 (PT2), a novel gene from the Indica rice Chuandali (CDL), is reported. PT2 is synonymous with Growth‐Regulating Factor 4 (OsGRF4), which encodes a growth‐regulating factor that positively regulates grain shape and panicle length and negatively regulates seed shattering. Higher expression of OsGRF4 is correlated with larger grain, longer panicle and lower seed shattering. A unique OsGRF4 mutation, which occurs at the OsmiRNA396 target site of OsGRF4, seems to be associated with high levels of OsGRF4 expression, and results in phenotypic difference. Further research showed that OsGRF4 regulated two cytokinin dehydrogenase precursor genes (CKX5 and CKX1) resulting in increased cytokinin levels, which might affect the panicle traits. High storage capacity and moderate seed shattering of OsGRF4 may be useful in high‐yield breeding and mechanized harvesting of rice. Our findings provide additional insight into the molecular basis of panicle growth.
Occult fetomaternal hemorrhage in women with pathological placenta with respect to permeability
Authors: Umazume T. , Yamada T. , Morikawa M. , Ishikawa S. , Kojima T. , Cho K. , Masauzi N. , Minakami H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimWomen with pre‐eclampsia (PE), placenta previa (PP), placental abruption (PA), and placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) have been described as having placental permeability dysfunction. This study was performed to determine whether occult fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is common in women with such complications and in women with non‐reassuring fetal status.MethodsForty‐one antenatal and 39 postnatal blood samples were obtained from 46 women, including 11 with placental permeability dysfunction (5, 3, 2, and 1 with PE, PP, PA, and PMD, respectively) and 35 controls without such complications. To estimate the amount of fetal red blood cells, flow cytometry was performed using the fetal cell count system with two antibodies against fetal hemoglobin and carbonic anhydrase and the β‐γ system with two monoclonal antibodies against hemoglobin β‐chain and hemoglobin γ‐chain. A diagnosis of FMH was made when the fraction size of the isolated cell population on scatter plots expressing fetal hemoglobin alone or hemoglobin γ‐chain alone accounted for ≥0.02% of the total cell population on scatter plots.ResultsFMH was identified in five women, including one each with PE, PA, PP, PMD, and no complications. Thus, the prevalence rate of FMH was significantly higher in women with complications than in controls (36% [4/11] vs 2.9% [1/35], respectively, P =  0.009). The FMH occurrence rate did not differ between women with and without non‐reassuring fetal status (7.7% [1/13] vs 12% [4/33], respectively, P =  1.000).ConclusionThe risk of fetal red blood cells trafficking into the maternal circulation may be increased in women complicated with PE, PA, PP, and PMD.
Exploratory analysis of textual data from the Mother and Child Handbook using the text‐mining method: Relationships with maternal traits and post‐partum depression
Authors: Matsuda Yoshio , Manaka Tomoko , Kobayashi Makiko , Sato Shuhei , Ohwada Michitaka 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to examine the possibility of screening apprehensive pregnant women and mothers at risk for post‐partum depression from an analysis of the textual data in the Mother and Child Handbook by using the text‐mining method.MethodsUncomplicated pregnant women (n = 58) were divided into two groups according to State–Trait Anxiety Inventory grade (high trait [group I, n = 21] and low trait [group II, n = 37]) or Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score (high score [group III, n = 15] and low score [group IV, n = 43]). An exploratory analysis of the textual data from the Maternal and Child Handbook was conducted using the text‐mining method with the Word Miner software program. A comparison of the ‘structure elements’ was made between the two groups.ResultsThe number of structure elements extracted by separated words from text data was 20 004 and the number of structure elements with a threshold of 2 or more as an initial value was 1168. Fifteen key words related to maternal anxiety, and six key words related to post‐partum depression were extracted.ConclusionThe text‐mining method is useful for the exploratory analysis of textual data obtained from pregnant woman, and this screening method has been suggested to be useful for apprehensive pregnant women and mothers at risk for post‐partum depression.
Serum Cobalamin and Methylmalonic Acid Concentrations in Hyperthyroid Cats Before and After Radioiodine Treatment
Authors: Geesaman B.M. , Whitehouse W.H. , Viviano K.R. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundHyperthyroidism, the most common endocrine disorder in cats, has been associated with low serum cobalamin concentrations. Whether this is a functional cobalamin deficiency of clinical importance has not been assessed.Hypothesis/ObjectivesCats with hyperthyroidism experience a functional cobalamin deficiency which correlates with their clinical catabolic state and is reversible with return of the euthyroid state.AnimalsThirty‐nine client‐owned hyperthyroid cats.MethodsProspective observational study. Serum cobalamin, methylmalonic acid, and clinical scores were determined in each hyperthyroid cat at enrollment and when euthyroid (60 days after radioiodine treatment).ResultsFive of the 39 hyperthyroid cats (13%) had a low serum cobalamin concentration ranging from <150 to 290 ng/L. Serum cobalamin concentrations normalized to >350 ng/L in 2 of the hypocobalaminemic cats once euthyroid. None of the hyperthyroid/hypocobalaminemic cats had increased serum methylmalonic acid concentrations (175–601 nmol/L). In cats with clinical and biochemical hyperthyroidism, there was no correlation between serum cobalamin concentrations with total T4 concentration (P= .12) or clinical scores including body weight (P= .11) andBCS(P= .54).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn this population of hyperthyroid cats, the prevalence of hypocobalaminemia was low. Specifically, hyperthyroid cats, in which concurrent gastrointestinal disease is unlikely. Hypocobalaminemia is not a functional deficiency requiring supplementation in hyperthyroid cats without gastrointestinal disease.
The recommended treatment algorithms of the BCLC and HKLC staging systems: does following these always improve survival rates for HCC patients?
Authors: Kim Kwang Min , Sinn Dong Hyun , Jung Sin‐Ho , Gwak Geum‐Youn , Paik Yong‐Han , Choi Moon Seok , Lee Joon Hyeok , Koh Kwang Cheol , Paik Seung Woon 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsSeveral staging systems have been proposed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among them, only the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) and Hong Kong Liver Cancer (HKLC) staging systems also recommend treatment modality. This study was designed to see whether BCLC and HKLC staging can guide treatment strategy, so analyzed whether patients survival is better for those who received recommended therapy by each staging system.MethodsA total of 3515 treatment‐naïve, newly diagnosed HCC patients at a single centre were analyzed.ResultsFive‐year survival rates according to BCLC stages: 0 = 79.1%, A = 62.9%, B = 40.3%, C = 21.3% and D = 27.0%; 5‐year survival rates according to HKLC stages: I = 72.3%, IIa = 54.9%, IIb = 50.6%, IIIa = 21.3%, IIIb = 10.2%, IVa = 16.7%, IVb = 7.2%, Va = 47.1% and Vb = 11.3%. The C‐indices of the BCLC and HKLC staging systems were 0.708 and 0.732 respectively. Patient survival was better when patients received the recommended treatment in stages 0 or A; survival was worse if treatment began at stage B, C or D. For HKLC staging system, survival was better when patients received the recommended treatment in stages I, IIa, IIb, IIIa or Va but was worse when treatment began in stages IIIb, IVa, IVb or Vb.ConclusionBoth the BCLC and HKLC staging systems effectively stratified patient prognosis, but neither could direct therapy for a large proportion of patients; for some stages, recommended therapy was associated with worse prognosis.