bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a foster parent intervention for foster children with externalizing problem behaviour
Authors: Van Holen Frank , Vanschoonlandt Femke , Vanderfaeillie Johan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this Flemish study (Dutch speaking part of Belgium) is to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention based on the social learning theory for foster parents who take care of a foster child (ages 3–12) with externalizing problem behaviour (a borderline or clinical score on the externalizing broad‐band or on one of the externalizing problems scales of the Child Behaviour Checklist), with respect to breakdown, foster children's externalizing problems and foster mothers' parenting stress.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was used to compare, at baseline, post‐intervention and three‐month follow‐up, an intervention group (n = 30) with a treatment as usual control group (n = 33) consisting of foster parents of new placements recruited via a routine screening or on‐going placements signed up by their foster care worker. The intervention consists of 10 home sessions.ResultsThe intervention had significant small short‐term en large long‐term effects on externalizing problems and medium short‐term and long‐term effects on parenting stress. No significant effects were found on the breakdown rate.ConclusionsGiving the evidence for its effects on foster children's externalizing and foster mothers' parenting stress, implementation of this foster parent intervention might increase the effectiveness of foster care.
Simulation‐Based Optimization of Capacitated Assembly Systems under Beta‐Service Level Constraints
Authors: Woerner Stefan , Laumanns Marco , Wagner Stephan M. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTWe study a class of capacitated assembly systems operated by base‐stock policies and address the problem of finding base‐stock levels that minimize holding costs under beta‐service level (fill rate) constraints over an infinite horizon. To solve this nonconvex constrained optimization problem, we develop a new simulation‐based optimization approach using the constrained level method (CLM) and infinitesimal perturbation analysis. The key idea of the algorithm is a novel family of convex approximations of the beta‐service level, which is iteratively refined during the course of the algorithm. The algorithm can easily handle integrality requirements for the base‐stock levels by combining the CLM with a cutting plane approach without significantly increasing the solution time on typical instances. We apply our approach to a comprehensive multi‐echelon assembly benchmark system from the literature and study the algorithm's behavior for different target service levels, capacity configurations, and simulation horizons. A comparison with a state‐of‐the‐art interior point algorithm shows that for realistic capacity constraints, our algorithm is on average 8%–20% better. Compared with the guaranteed service model, our approach reduces costs by 10%–15% while keeping the same service level.
Blindness to background: an inbuilt bias for visual objects
Authors: O'Hanlon Catherine G. , Read Jenny C.A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSixty‐eight 2‐ to 12‐year‐olds and 30 adults were shown colorful displays on a touchscreen monitor and trained to point to the location of a named color. Participants located targets near‐perfectly when presented with four abutting colored patches. When presented with three colored patches on a colored background, toddlers failed to locate targets in the background. Eye tracking demonstrated that the effect was partially mediated by a tendency not to fixate the background. However, the effect was abolished when the targets were named as nouns, whilst the change to nouns had little impact on eye movement patterns. Our results imply a powerful, inbuilt tendency to attend to objects, which may slow the development of color concepts and acquisition of color words. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/TKO1BPeAiOI. [Correction added on 27 January 2017, after first online publication: The video abstract link was added.]
miR‐219 attenuates demyelination in cuprizone‐induced demyelinated mice by regulating monocarboxylate transporter 1
Authors: Liu Sihan , Ren Chuanlu , Qu Xuebin , Wu Xiuxiang , Dong Fuxing , Chand Yadav Kaushal , Fan Hongbin , Yao Ruiqin , Geng Deqin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRemyelination is limited in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) due to the difficulties in recruiting proliferating oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs), the inhibition of OPC differentiation and/or maturation, and/or failure in the generation of the myelin sheath. In vitro studies have revealed that miR‐219 is necessary for OPC differentiation and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) plays a vital role in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin synthesis. Herein, we hypothesized that miR‐219 might promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and attenuate demyelination in a cuprizone (CPZ)‐induced demyelinated model by regulating the expression of MCT1. We found that CPZ‐treated mice exhibited significantly increased anxiety in the open field test. However, miR‐219 reduced anxiety as shown by an increase in the total distance, the central distance and the mean amount of time spent in the central area. miR‐219 decreased the quantity of OPCs and increased the number of oligodendrocytes and the level of myelin basic protein (MBP) and cyclic nucleotide 3′ phosphodiesterase (CNP) protein. Ultrastructural studies further confirmed that the extent of demyelination was attenuated by miR‐219 overexpression. Meanwhile, miR‐219 also greatly enhanced MCT1 expression via suppression of oligodendrocyte differentiation inhibitors, Sox6 and Hes5, treatment with the MCT1 inhibitor α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamate (4‐CIN) reduced the number of oligodendrocytes and the protein levels of MBP and CNP. Taken together, these results suggest a novel mode of action of miR‐219 via MCT1 in vivo and may provide a new potential remyelination therapeutic target.
The Unique Skills and Traits of Principals in One‐Way and Two‐Way Dual Immersion Schools
Authors: Rocque Ryan , Ferrin Scott , Hite Julie M. , Randall Vance 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study considers the opinions of dual immersion elementary school principals in investigating the following research questions: (1) What do dual immersion principals identify as the skills and traits for the school leader that lead to the principal's success in a dual immersion context? and (2) What were the differences of opinion, if any, between principals of one‐way and two‐way dual immersion programs about the traits and skills required for the school leader? Data was collected from 12 interviews and an online survey of 29 principals of dual immersion schools in Utah. Dual immersion is a model for teaching foreign language in the elementary schools where two languages are studied simultaneously, thus differing from total immersion models, where the foreign language is the only language used at school (Roberts, 2015). Understanding the role of the principal at these schools was the central focus of this research. The themes and patterns that emerged from the data analysis point to five key roles for dual immersion principals. Findings also indicate that these needed skills and traits for school leaders vary between one‐way and two‐way dual immersion programs.
Water abstraction impacts stream ecosystem functioning via wetted‐channel contraction
Authors: Arroita Maite , Flores Lorea , Larrañaga Aitor , Martínez Aingeru , Martínez‐Santos Miren , Pereda Olatz , Ruiz‐Romera Estilita , Solagaistua Libe , Elosegi Arturo 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Water abstraction is rapidly increasing worldwide in order to respond to escalating demands for water, food and energy. Abstraction can alter the hydrological regime of streams and rivers, reduce in‐stream habitats, change water quality and affect fluvial communities. It can also impair ecosystem functioning, although this aspect has been seldom assessed.

We experimentally tested the effect of water abstraction on stream functioning in a headwater mountain stream using a before and after control‐impact (BACI) design. We quantified changes in water physicochemical properties, biofilm biomass and activity (exo‐enzymes and metabolism), and ecosystem processes (nutrient cycling, organic matter retention and breakdown).

Water abstraction did not affect water physicochemical properties, but reduced the biomass and the alkaline phosphatase activity of biofilm per surface unit, the areal uptake of nutrients, and the travel distance of organic matter. It did not affect the biofilm metabolism and breakdown of submerged leaf litter, but decreased the total breakdown.

The impacts were larger when analysed per unit of channel length. All variables, except benthic chlorophyll‐a, were significantly reduced by abstraction, due to the contraction of the wetted channel.

The decrease in the biomass and activity of biofilm, as well as in nutrient uptake and total organic matter breakdown observed in this study could increase nutrient concentration in downstream reaches and reduce the energy transfer to higher trophic levels. Ecosystem services of permanent headwater streams are likely to be compromised with the reduction of wetted‐channel width.
Translating Delirium Prevention Strategies for Elderly Adults with Hip Fracture into Routine Clinical Care: A Pragmatic Clinical Trial
Authors: Freter Susan , Koller Katalin , Dunbar Michael , MacKnight Chris , Rockwood Kenneth 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo compare the feasibility (adherence) and effectiveness (prevalence of delirium, length of stay, mortality, discharge site) of delirium‐friendly preprinted postoperative orders (PPOs) for individuals with hip fracture, administered by regular orthopedic nurses, with routine postoperative orders.DesignPragmatic clinical trial to evaluate a quality improvement intervention.SettingTertiary care hospital.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older admitted for hip fracture repair (N = 283).InterventionPPOs with delirium‐friendly options and doses for nighttime sedation, analgesia, and nausea and attention to catheter removal and bowel movements.MeasurementsAdherence to PPO was compared with adherence to routine orders. Drug doses were recorded. Presence of delirium was documented using the Confusion Assessment Method and the Mini‐Mental State Examination on postoperative Days 1, 3, and 5. Length of stay, discharge site, and in‐hospital mortality were recorded.ResultsOrthopedic nurses adhered reasonably well with delirium‐friendly PPOs. Of 283 participants, 42% developed postoperative delirium, with significantly less delirium in the intervention group (intervention 33%, control 51%, P = .001). The effect of the intervention was stronger in individuals with preexisting dementia (intervention 60%, control 97%, P < .001). Participants with postoperative delirium had longer hospital stays and were more likely to die or be discharged to a nursing home, but there was no significant between‐group difference in these outcomes.ConclusionIt is possible to introduce delirium‐friendly PPOs into routine post‐hip fracture care in a representative elderly population including individuals with dementia. Delirium‐friendly PPOs executed by regular nursing staff resulted in a significant reduction in postoperative delirium but no difference in other outcomes.
The process and challenges of obtaining and sustaining clinical placements for nursing and allied health students
Authors: Taylor Christine , Angel Liz , Nyanga Lucy , Dickson Cathy 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe the process and challenges from a project that aimed to develop processes, source new placements and place students primarily in the discipline of nursing, but also occupational therapy, physiotherapy, podiatry, social work, and speech therapy.BackgroundClinical experience in health facilities is an essential element of health professional education, yet globally, there is a lack of clinical placements to meet demands. Educational providers are seeking placements in nontraditional facilities, yet little has been reported on the challenges in the process of procuring clinical placements.DesignThe project used a descriptive approach within a quality implementation framework.MethodsThe project was guided by the quality implementation framework that included four critical steps: considerations of the host setting, structuring the implementation, supporting the implementation and improving future applications.ResultsA total of 115 new student placements were finalised across six health disciplines, including elderly care, nongovernment organisations and general practice. Sixty‐two nursing students were placed in the new placements during the project. Challenges included communication, the time‐consuming nature of the process and ‘gatekeeping’ blocks to obtaining placements. Recommendations included the importance of personal interaction in developing and maintaining relationships, and the need for clear communication processes and documentation. Potential areas for research are also given.ConclusionsThere is great potential for growth in establishing new placements outside the traditional placement facilities for nursing and allied health and for expanding already existing nonhospital placements.Relevance to clinical practiceClinical professional experiences are essential to any nursing or allied health programme. There is an increasing demand for, and global lack of, clinical placements for nursing and allied health students. The results provide nursing and allied health educators and managers a framework for planning clinical placement procurement, and assisting in decision‐making and developing strategies and processes for practice.
‘Intensive care unit survivorship’ – a constructivist grounded theory of surviving critical illness
Authors: Kean Susanne , Salisbury Lisa G , Rattray Janice , Walsh Timothy S , Huby Guro , Ramsay Pamela 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo theorise intensive care unit survivorship after a critical illness based on longitudinal qualitative data.BackgroundIncreasingly, patients survive episodes of critical illness. However, the short‐ and long‐term impact of critical illness includes physical, psychological, social and economic challenges long after hospital discharge. An appreciation is emerging that care needs to extend beyond critical illness to enable patients to reclaim their lives postdischarge with the term ‘survivorship’ being increasingly used in this context. What constitutes critical illness survivorship has, to date, not been theoretically explored.DesignLongitudinal qualitative and constructivist grounded theory. Interviews (n = 46) with 17 participants were conducted at four time points: (1) before discharge from hospital, (2) four to six weeks postdischarge, (3) six months and (4) 12 months postdischarge across two adult intensive care unit setting.MethodIndividual face‐to‐face interviews. Data analysis followed the principles of Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory. ‘Intensive care unit survivorship’ emerged as the core category and was theorised using concepts such as status passages, liminality and temporality to understand the various transitions participants made postcritical illness.FindingsIntensive care unit survivorship describes the unscheduled status passage of falling critically ill and being taken to the threshold of life and the journey to a life postcritical illness. Surviving critical illness goes beyond recovery; surviving means ‘moving on’ to life postcritical illness. ‘Moving on’ incorporates a redefinition of self that incorporates any lingering intensive care unit legacies and being in control of one's life again.Relevance to clinical practiceFor healthcare professionals and policymakers, it is important to realise that recovery and transitioning through to survivorship happen within an individual's time frame, not a schedule imposed by the healthcare system. Currently, there are no care pathways or policies in place for critical illness survivors that would support intensive care unit survivors and their families in the transitions to survivorship.
Growth of nurse prescribing competence: facilitators and barriers during education
Authors: Hopia Hanna , Karhunen Anne , Heikkilä Johanna 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe facilitators and barriers in relation to the growth of nurse prescribing competence from the perspective of the nurses studying in a prescribing programme.BackgroundThe number of nurses enrolled in a nurse prescribing programme is rapidly increasing in Finland. However, few studies on nurse prescribing education are available and therefore research is needed, particularly from the point of view of nurses studying in the programme.DesignThe descriptive, qualitative study used the text of student online learning diaries as data during a 14‐month prescribing programme. The sample consisted of 31 nurses, public health nurses or midwives enrolled in a prescribing programme at a university of applied sciences. The data were analysed using the inductive analysis method.ResultsThe growth of nurses’ prescribing competence was facilitated by learning clinical examination of the patient, networking with peers, receiving support from the workplace and supervisors, doctors’ positive attitude towards nurse prescribing and being able to apply competencies directly to nursing practice. The barriers to the growth of nurses’ prescribing competence were unclear job description, incomplete care plans and concerns about how consultation with doctors will be organised and realised.ConclusionsThe results show that, for the purpose of developing the new role and position of nurse prescribers, educators and nursing managers must invest more in staff awareness of nurse prescribing education and also offer more support to nurse prescribers in their workplaces.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study can be used especially in countries where nurse prescribing education is only in the process of being planned or has just been started. Heads of nursing and educators in prescribing education will benefit from the results when creating expanded job descriptions for nurses and supporting networking between students during the period of training.
Supplementation of distiller's grains during late gestation in beef cows consuming low‐quality forage decreases uterine, but not mammary, blood flow
Authors: Mordhorst B. R. , Zimprich C. A. , Camacho L. E. , Bauer M. L. , Vonnahme K. A. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryPositive effects have been observed in offspring from beef cows supplemented with corn dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) during late gestation. The hypothesis of this study was that late gestational DDGS supplementation to beef cows would increase blood flow (BF) to the gravid uterus and mammary gland thus impacting birthweight and post‐natal growth of the offspring. Experiment 1 investigated mammary gland BF in multiparous cows during late pregnancy. Beef cows were fed a control (CON1) diet of low‐quality hay (n = 5) or a supplement diet (SUP1) of low‐quality hay with DDGS [1.7 g/kg of body weight (BW); n = 6]. In Experiment 2, multiparous late pregnant beef cows were fed either a control (CON2) diet of a low‐quality hay (n = 4) or a supplement diet (SUP2) of low‐quality hay with DDGS (1.7 g/kg of BW; n = 5). Uterine and mammary gland BF were recorded every 21 days during late gestation. In Experiment 1, there were no effects of diet or day on mammary gland hemodynamics. In Experiment 2, total and ipsilateral uterine BF was less (p ≤ 0.04) in SUP2 vs. CON2 cows and similar BF to contralateral horns. Mammary gland BF was unaltered by maternal supplementation. Even when measured in two different years in two different environments, mammary gland BF remained unaltered to DDGS supplementation. Investigations on the mechanism that may impact uterine BF during late gestation remain to be known.
Sleep–Wake Cycle, Daytime Sleepiness, and Attention Components in Children Attending Preschool in the Morning and Afternoon Shifts
Authors: Belísio Aline S. , Kolodiuk Fernanda F. , Louzada Fernando M. , Valdez Pablo , Azevedo Carolina V. M. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTChildren tend to sleep and wake up early and to exhibit daytime sleep episodes. To evaluate the impact of school start times on sleepiness and attention in preschool children, this study compared the temporal patterns of sleep, daytime sleepiness, and the components of attention between children aged 4–6 years that study in the morning (n = 66) and the afternoon (n = 144) shifts. The former get up 1 hr and 30 min earlier on weekdays and show lower efficiency on the sustained attention task than those who study in the afternoon. Thus, the morning shift was associated with a reduction in nighttime sleep, which might have a negative effect on children's performance in the morning, causing higher levels of daytime sleepiness and a decline in sustained attention. Because only one parameter of one component of attention was negatively affected, further studies are needed to confirm this effect on cognition.
Training physicians for the real world of medicine: administration‐based learning
Authors: Rosenstock Jason , Sparks Garrett M 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTired of outdated teaching formats like case‐based learning (CBL), problem‐based learning (PBL) and team‐based learning (TBL)? We wanted something fresh for our medical school, something that would prepare our graduates for the modern practice of medicine, something that would satisfy regulatory agencies and our deans. After doing an extensive needs assessment, which we ignored, we decided to replace basic science in our curriculum with something more practical: administration‐based learning (ABL). We taught students how to fix fax machines, how to deal with angry team members, and how to maximise revenue in private practice – lessons that were well received and were more consistent with what physicians really need to learn to be effective practitioners. Educational outcomes have been positive, and although more research is needed, we call on other schools to add ABL tracks to their own curricula.
WATCH Scrubs: a video observational study of workplace‐based learning at Sacred Heart Hospital
Authors: Rees Eliot L , Sinha Yashashwi , Davies Benjamin , J Quinn Patrick 
Published: November 2016

ContextWorkplace‐based learning remains the cornerstone of clinical training. Teaching in the clinical environment promotes active engagement as trainees are required to combine their competencies (e.g. skills in history taking, examination and clinical reasoning) to determine an appropriate course of action. High‐quality clinical teaching supports and scaffolds trainees’ learning in clinical workplaces.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the quality of clinical teaching at a large teaching hospital.MethodsA retrospective video observational study of 9 years of workplace‐based learning at Sacred Heart Hospital, a large private teaching hospital, was conducted. Each academic year was observed by one researcher. Clinical teaching encounters were identified and analysed using the Warwick Assessment insTrument for Clinical teacHing (WATCH). Descriptive observation notes were recorded and analysed thematically.ResultsA total of 131 teaching encounters provided by 12 tutors were identified. The 15‐item instrument demonstrated a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. The hidden curriculum, role modelling and reflection played prominent roles in trainees’ personal and professional development.ConclusionsTrainees’ learning in clinical workplaces extends beyond the formal teaching they receive to include the development of professional behaviours through role modelling and reflection on clinical encounters.