bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-individual variability of the human seminal plasma metabolome
Authors: Blaurock Janet , Grunewald Sonja , Engel Kathrin M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In contrast to the conventional spermiogram, metabolomics approaches give insights into the molecular composition of semen and may provide more detailed information on the fertility status of the respective donor. Given the intra-individual variability of spermiogram parameters between two donations, this study sought to elucidate the biological variability of the seminal plasma metabolome over an average period of 8 weeks. Two time-shifted semen samples from 15 healthy donors were compared by a targeted metabolomics approach utilizing the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit. Next to intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), which represent a measure of reliability, coefficients of variation within individuals (CVW) and coefficients of variation between individuals (CVB) were calculated for each metabolite to demonstrate its stability. Furthermore, men were divided into two cohorts, a similar sperm concentration (SSC) and a differing sperm concentration (DSC) cohort, based on the observed variance in sperm concentration between the two semen donations. The ICC was higher in the SSC compared to the DSC cohort. The levels of 18 metabolites, primarily acylcarnitines, varied between the initial and subsequent donations. After subdivision into subgroups, only ornithine and phosphatidylcholine 40:5 exhibited differential levels between the two donations in the SSC group, compared to 14 metabolites in the DSC group. CVB was higher than CVW but both differed between the metabolite subclasses. Biogenic amines were identified as the least reliable analytes over time, exhibiting the highest CVW, compared to sphingomyelins, which demonstrated the highest reliability with the lowest variation. CVB was the highest for ether-bound glycerophosphatidylcholines and the lowest for amino acids.
Evaluation of root dentin hardness and its morphology after final irrigation with different organic and synthetic irrigants: An in vitro study
Authors: Vengidesh Ramya , Kadandale Sadasiva , Lakshmaiah Deepika , Karunakaran Janani , Ambeth Nivetha , Kumaran R. Pradheep 
Published: February 2025

Aim:
This study aimed to compare and evaluate the root dentin hardness and its morphology after final irrigation with different organic and synthetic irrigants.

Methods:
Eighty mandibular premolar teeth were collected, and decoronation was done until 17 mm. The determination of working length was done, followed by biomechanical preparation. Forty root sections were then mounted on an epoxy resin block for the evaluation of microhardness using a Vickers microhardness tester (Shimadzu Model, Kyoto, Japan). Following this, the specimens were randomly assigned into four different groups: Group 1 – 3% sodium hypochlorite + 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (control); Group 2 – Twin Kleen; Group 3 – 0.5% Triphala; and Group 4 – 2.9% grape seed extract (GSE). The specimens were immersed in the respective irrigating solutions for about 2 min. The remaining 40 root sections were taken for scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation. The scoring of erosion was done by two blinded investigators with the help of the scale given by Torabinejad et al. (2003).

Results:
The test showed that Triphala and GSE caused the least reduction in microhardness values compared to synthetic irrigants. The highest reduction in microhardness values was seen in Group 1 (3.74000), followed by Group 2 (1.94000) and Group 3 (0.45000), and the minimum reduction was observed in Group 4 (0.39000). The test showed that there was a statistically significant difference between all the groups (P < 0.05). Tubular erosion was more severe in the Twin Kleen group, whereas the least amount of erosion was observed in the GSE group.

Conclusion:
Herbal products are becoming more popular nowadays because of their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties and their biocompatibility. Since synthetic irrigants alter the mechanical properties of dentin, herbal irrigants can be used as an alternative.
Sealing ability of bioceramic furcation perforation repair materials – A systematic review
Authors: Shetty Ashwija , Sultana Hajira Anjum , Srirekha A. , Champa C. 
Published: February 2025

Aim:
Furcation perforation is a critical complication in endodontic treatment that occurs when a communication is established between the root canal and the periodontal space. This defect can lead to severe sequelae, including infection, abscess formation, and tooth loss. To prevent these adverse outcomes, it is imperative to seal the perforation with a biocompatible material that provides a hermetic seal. Such a material can effectively prevent bacterial ingress and subsequent tissue damage. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the sealing efficacy of various materials employed for furcation perforation repair.

Methods:
Online electronic databases such as PubMed-MEDLINE and Google Scholar were explored for suitable studies. In this evaluation, papers were deemed eligible for the data extraction if they included in vitro studies evaluating the sealing ability of furcation perforation repair materials. Only articles written in English language were included in this systematic review. The review was conducted according to the Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist.

Results:
The search identified around 2240 articles; 61 articles were included after primary screening. Twenty-three articles were included in the review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Conclusion:
As per rigorous investigation done, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is the most commonly used material for repairing furcation perforations, but it has lower sealing ability compared to Biodentine and EndoSequence. New materials such as ParaCore, G-aenial Universal Flo, and nano-MTA offer improved sealing capabilities and may provide better protection against microleakage, especially in complex cases where MTA may be less effective.
Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Type 2 Diabetic Women with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Kumar Subhash , Singh Surya K. , Singh Saurabh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
There is evidence that diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is associated with increased risk for fractures in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We planned a study to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures (VFs) in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women aged 40–60 years with DPN and to find out their relationship with severity of DPN.

Methods:
This cross-sectional observational study included sixty-two postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women of age 40–60 years, out of them thirty-two were with DPN and thirty were without DPN. The presence of DPN was established based on history and clinical examination. Plain X-ray spine and bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were used to assess vertebral fracture and osteoporosis, respectively.

Results:
The prevalence of osteoporosis in women with DPN was 68.75% at lumbar spine (LS) and 18.75% at femoral neck (FN), and osteoporosis at LS was statistically significant compared to those without DPN (P = 0.002). On subgroup analysis in women with DPN, the osteoporosis at LS showed significant association with lower body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.015), but not with severity of DPN. The prevalence of VFs in women with DPN was 6.25% with no statistical significance in comparison with other group.

Conclusion:
Our study revealed high prevalence of osteoporosis at LS in postmenopausal type 2 diabetics with DPN. VFs are most common consequence of osteoporosis, although we could not find significant prevalence of VFs in women with DPN that may be due to small sample size and cross-sectional study design.
Prevention and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency in India: An Expert Group Consensus
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Zargar Abdul H. , Das Ashok K. , Baidya Arjun , Dasgupta Arundhati , Selvan Chitra , Bantwal Ganapathi , Kapoor Nitin , Lakhani Om J. , Agarwal Pankaj K. , Bajaj Sarita , Sarathi Vijaya ,   Vitamin D Consensus Steering Committee
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in India, yet no standardized guidelines exist for classifying vitamin D status or its prevention and treatment. Even more, there is no consensus specific to vitamin D supplementation for the Indian population, and there are inconsistencies in the cut-off values for deficiency, severe deficiency, and insufficiency across various guidelines, which this evidence-based consensus seeks to resolve, thus guiding healthcare professionals in identifying, preventing, and managing vitamin D deficiency. An expert group of 41 endocrinologists from across India developed the consensus using the DELPHI method, achieving over 90% agreement on all recommendations. The consensus defines vitamin D deficiency, severe deficiency, and insufficiency, recommending supplementation strategies to maintain physiological 25(OH) D levels of 40–60 ng/mL (100–150 nmol/L). Tailored treatment regimens for neonates, infants, children, adolescents, adults, the elderly, pregnant and lactating women, and individuals with co-morbid conditions are provided to ensure optimal health for all age groups in India.
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism Based Therapies in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dutta Deep , Jindal Radhika , Raizada Nishant , Nagendra Lakshmi , Kamrul Hasan ABM , Sharma Meha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
The exponential increase in obesity is responsible for the increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Weight loss is critical to improvement in OSA. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonism-based therapies (GLP1RA-BT) have been associated with significant weight loss. Several randomized controlled trials have been published evaluating the use of GLP1RA-BT on OSA. However, the literature review revealed that no systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) has been published evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP1RA-BT in OSA.

Methods:
Electronic databases were searched for studies documenting the use of GLP1RA-BT in OSA. The primary outcome was to evaluate the impact on the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). Secondary outcomes were to evaluate the impact on percent change in AHI, Epworth Sleepiness Score, body weight, blood pressure, and side-effect profile.

Results:
From initially screened 59 articles, data from 4 articles having 5 different randomized cohorts (937 patients) were analysed in this SRM. Use of GLP1RA-BT was associated with a significant reduction in AHI [MD-12.50 events/ hour (95% CI:−17.33 – -7.67); P < 0.001; I2=95%], percent-reduction in AHI [MD-52.17% (95% CI: -64.49 – -39.85); P < 0.001; I2 = 0%], percent-reduction in body-weight [MD-12.46% (95% CI:-22.54 – -2.39); P < 0.001; I2 = 99%] and systolic blood-pressure [MD -4.59 mm of Hg (95% CI:-6.61 – -2.58); P < 0.001; I2 = 67%]. The considerable heterogeneity was because of greater improvement in outcomes withtirzepatide compared to liraglutide. The occurrence of nausea [RR4.23 (95% CI: 2.73–6.55); P < 0.001; I2 = 0%], vomiting [RR4.22 (95% CI: 2.12–8.41); P < 0.001; I2 = 0%], diarrhoea [RR2.81 (95% CI: 1.84–4.31); P < 0.001; I2 = 0%], and constipation [RR4.51 (95% CI: 2.47–8.26); P < 0.001; I2 = 0%] were significantly higher with GLP1RA-BT compared to placebo.

Conclusion:
This SRM provides encouraging data on the use of GLP1RA-BT in improving different respiratory aspects of OSA and reducing body weight and blood pressure.
Clinical and Biochemical Markers in Early Pregnancy for Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kanwar Jaya B. , Manglunia Ankit , Mangaraj Swayamsidha , Swain Jayshree , Sahoo Abhay , Singh Jaspreet , Sahoo Manisha , Mishra Sujata , Gochhait Samanyoya , Ray Subhashree 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of feto-maternal and neonatal complications. Many of these complications can be reduced or eliminated, if GDM can be predicted in early pregnancy. Current risk prediction models lack a strong predictive value. In this study, we aim to evaluate the early trimester maternal parameters for future prediction of GDM.

Methods:
In this prospective observational study, we screened 581 consecutive healthy women with singleton pregnancy for GDM during their first antenatal visit. After informed consent, fasting blood samples were collected and stored at −80°C. GDM was diagnosed as per IADPSG criteria. During prospective follow-up, a total of 55 patients developed GDM. A total of 110 age and BMI-matched controls were recruited for comparison. In all women, we measured the Oral Glucose Tolerance test with 75 gm anhydrous glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, hsCRP, uric acid, and lipid Profile. HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and QUICKI were also assessed.

Results:
The GDM cohort had significantly higher median waist circumference, 2 hr plasma glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, uric acid, and serum triglyceride levels. Multiple regression analysis revealed HbA1c (OR 5.264; P = 0.007), 2 hr PPG (OR 1.026; P = 0.035), QUICKI (OR 1.057; P = 0.016), uric acid (OR 1.931; P = 0.013) and neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio (OR 1.545; P = 0.008) to be independently associated with GDM outcome with combined area under the curve (AUC) of 0.850, a sensitivity of 72.7%, and a specificity of 87.3%.

Conclusion:
Fasting Insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, and Uric acid levels are significantly increased in early pregnancy in individuals who subsequently develop GDM.
Effect of extended parallel process model training on enhancing physical activity of overweight pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hakimzadeh Atena , Hajian Sepideh , Afrakhteh Maryam , Rafiei Fatemeh 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:
The present study determined the effect of extended parallel process model (EPPM) based training on enhancing the physical activity of overweight pregnant women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This randomized controlled clinical trial examined 100 overweight pregnant women referred to prenatal care clinics in Mahdiye and Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, in August 2022. The participants were assigned into two intervention and control groups through random allocation. The intervention group underwent EPPM-based training three times (18–20, 26–30, and 37–38 weeks of gestation), while the control group received regular prenatal care. The training content and approach were designed and presented based on the four constructs of EPPM, that is, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived efficacy, and perceived self-efficacy. The 32-item Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) was used to measure and compare the participants’ four activity types at three rounds (18–20, 26–30, and 37–38 weeks of gestation) and their physical activity calendar in two periods. The data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 software at a significance level of < 0.05.

RESULTS:
After the educational intervention, the mean physical activity scores of the intervention and control groups were1462.2 ± 477.67and 861 ± 381.29 (P < 0.001; CI = 95%) in the first round, 1278.15 ± 480.31 and 675 ± 375.03 (P < 0.001; CI: 95%) in the second round, respectively. The mean weight gain value in the second trimester equaled 4.09 ± 0.76 and 4.52 ± 0.71for the intervention and the control group, orderly. This difference was significant in the second trimester (P = 0.002) but not in the third. Likewise, a comparative analysis of the neonates’ anthropometric indices and prenatal complications revealed no significant differences.

CONCLUSION:
The EPPM-based educational intervention effectively contributes to motivating pregnant women and changing their behavior toward improving their physical activity and can be employed to encourage them to enhance their physical activity during pregnancy.
Depression, anxiety, and stress associated with Internet addiction in Iranian general population: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nazari Abouzar , Hosseinnia Maede , Heydari Hassan , Garmaroudi Gholamreza 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:
This study aims to comprehensively investigate the association between Internet addiction (IA) and mental health, focusing on depression, anxiety, and stress in the Iranian general population. By employing a cross-sectional design, we surveyed 2012 individuals using a validated questionnaire. Our primary objectives were to assess the prevalence of IA, identify demographic factors influencing addiction scores, and explore the interplay between addiction, depression, anxiety, and stress. The findings contribute to the understanding of IA’s impact on mental health in the Iranian context.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In 2023, 2012 Iranian individuals were surveyed using convenience sampling. Participants completed a questionnaire on demographics, internet addiction (Internet Addiction Test), and mental health (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale). Statistical analysis with SPSS 27.0 included normal distribution assessment, descriptive statistics, and group comparisons using Chi-square, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Multiple linear regression explored the relationships between mental health, problematic social media use, and overall social media use. Generalized Linear Models assessed the nuanced association between mental health and internet addiction, addressing collinearity. This comprehensive approach unveils the complex relationships in demographic factors, internet addiction, and mental health outcomes.

RESULTS:
The 2012 participants were predominantly men (60.3%), married (59.3%), and of age 26–35 (45.8%); the mean IA score was 45.67 (SD = 15.49). Notably, lower income (5–10 million tomans) correlated with reduced IA scores (P < 0.05). Multivariable models identified significant associations. Participants with Master’s and Ph.D. degrees had higher IA scores (β* = 2.59, 95% confidence interval: 0.75–4.43, P = 0.006). Increasing severity in depression and anxiety consistently correlated with higher addiction scores (P < 0.001), with substantial impact (β* = 12.02 and 10.66, respectively). Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between depression, anxiety, and stress (r = 0.747, 0.775, and 0.786, respectively). Variations in depression by marital status, anxiety by BMI, and stress by both income and BMI were significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
The study highlights IA as a prevalent and significant issue in Iran, influenced by diverse psychological and demographic factors. The findings suggest that interventions targeting IA should take into account the roles of depression, anxiety, stress, education, income, marital status, and BMI. The study recommends further research to delve into the causal mechanisms and long-term consequences of IA in Iran.
Macular vessel density in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema in different stages of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Salehi Ali , Malekahmadi Mohammad , Ghanbari Heshmatolah , Ghazi Mahya 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Macular vessel density can play a significant role in the prognosis of diabetic macular edema (DME). The aims of this study were to investigate macular vessel density using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with refractory DME across different stages of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and explore its relationship with clinical parameters.

Material and Methods:
This was a cross sectional descriptive analytical study. Diabetic patients diagnosed with NPDR and refractory DME were included. OCTA imaging was performed to quantify vessel densities. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ), central macular thickness (CMT), and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were also measured.

Results:
Eighty nine eyes from 89 patients, including 53 males (59.6%), with a mean age of 60.17 ± 9.95 years were enrolled. The results revealed no significant differences in vessel densities and FAZ between different DR severity groups (P > 0.05). In addition, no significant correlations were observed between vessel density and CMT or most clinical variables, except for a negative correlation between deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density in the foveal region and BCVA (r = −0.246, P = 0.019).

Conclusion:
In patients with refractory DME, foveal DCP density was negatively correlated with visual acuity, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for visual prognosis and follow up of patients.
Safety Assessment of Cannabidiol (CBD) as a Novel Food for Use in Food and Food Supplements (RP521)
Authors:   Food Standards Agency,   Food Standards Scotland
Published: February 2025

The Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS) received an application from TTS-Pharma Limited, UK (“the applicant”) for the authorisation of cannabidiol (CBD) as a novel food in March 2021. The novel food is seeking to use the novel food as an ingredient in beverages, chewing gum, gummies, preserves, sports gels and powders, and food supplements for adults (excluding pregnant and lactating women and other specifically identified vulnerable groups including those taking medication and the immunocompromised). To support the FSA and FSS in their evaluation of the application, the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) were asked to review the safety dossier and supplementary information provided by the applicant. The Committee did not consider any potential health benefits or claims arising from consuming the food, as the focus of the novel food assessment is to ensure the food is safe and does not put consumers at a nutritional disadvantage. The novel food was assessed based on the data provided. This review indicated it was appropriate for the provisional Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for 98% purity or greater CBD to form part of the evidence for this assessment. For CBD, a provisional acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 10 mg/day has been published by the FSA and was considered in assessing this novel food. The provisional ADI (section 2.7) was recommended, subject to the existing advice to consumers that pregnant and breastfeeding women and people taking any prescription medication should avoid the consumption of CBD. Consumers on regular medications should seek advice from a medical professional before using any type of CBD food product. In addition, children and prospective parents trying for a baby are advised against consumption of CBD, as are those who are immunosuppressed, due to remaining data gaps and residual uncertainties concerning the safety of CBD for these groups of consumers. These contraindications would also apply to this novel food. The FSA and FSS concluded that the applicant had provided sufficient information to assure that CBD was safe under the intended conditions of use. The anticipated intake levels and the intended use in food and food supplements was not considered to be nutritionally disadvantageous. The safety assessment represents the opinion of the FSA and FSS.