bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dynamic interaction between pain and opioid misuse
Authors: Wilson‐Poe Adrianne R , Morón Jose A 
Published: June 2017

In 2014, drug overdose surpassed automobile accidents as the number one cause of accidental death for the first time in the history of the United States. The overdose epidemic is largely driven by opioids, and genuine prescription opioid analgesics play the biggest role in this phenomenon. Despite advancements in abuse deterrent formulations, prescription drug monitoring programmes and clinical assessments for the detection of abuse potential, drug overdoses continue to escalate. The Center for Disease Control has recently issued new guidelines for opioid prescription, yet even these recommendations have their shortcomings. Furthermore, undertreated pain in patients with comorbid substance use disorder poses a major clinical challenge, particularly for patients on opioid replacement therapy. Despite the seemingly obvious interaction between the presence of pain and the abuse of pain‐relieving opioids, there is surprisingly little mechanistic data to further our understanding of this vitally important topic. The need for novel pain interventions that minimize abuse liability is critical. Without a fundamental characterization of pain neurobiology and the interaction between chronic pain and the brain's reward system, we are unlikely to make progress in the alleviation of the opioid epidemic.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc
The validity of nasal endoscopy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis—An inter‐rater agreement study
Authors: Larsen K.L. , Lange B. , Darling P. , Jørgensen G. , Kjeldsen A.D. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesNasal endoscopy is a cornerstone in diagnosing sinonasal disease, but different raters might generate different results using the technique. Our study aims to evaluate the agreement between multiple raters to assess the validity of nasal endoscopy.Design/ParticipantsThree independent and blinded raters evaluated 28 patients (56 nasal cavities) diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps. The ratings were compared using unweighted Fleiss’ kappa coefficients (Kf) for each objective parameter.SettingThe department of Otorhinolaryngology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.Main outcome measuresThe ratings were quantified in a modified Lund‐Kennedy endoscopy score and focused on the objective parameters specified in the diagnostic criteria: polyps, oedema and discharge.ResultsThe raters agreed on the findings concerning polyps and discharge but not regarding oedema with the inter‐rater agreement for the different parameters being: polyps Kf=.66 (SE .07, P<.001), oedema Kf=.05 (SE .07, P=.21), discharge Kf=.35 (SE .08, P<.001), oedema exclusively in middle meatus Kf=−.07 (SE .04, P=.8) and discharge exclusively in middle meatus Kf=.16 (SE .07, P=.01).ConclusionUsing nasal endoscopy, the evaluation of polyps by multiple raters showed sufficient reliability indicating an acceptable objective evaluation. The evaluation of discharge achieved a fair level of agreement while the assessment of oedema could not achieve a sufficient reliability questioning the inclusion of oedema in the criteria for diagnosing sinonasal disease.
Rising House Prices and Ultra‐low Interest Rates: A Recipe for a New Banking Crisis?
Authors: Dombret Andreas R. , Goldbach Roman 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAre overheating housing markets and rising interest rate risks becoming a breeding ground for yet another banking crisis? We assess these risks for the German case. We find that they are indeed building up and may very well form the basis for a new banking crisis – unless prevented through responsible banking decisions, supervisory guidance, and policy adjustments.
Severe root resorption of the upper central incisors as a consequence of playing the flute
Authors: Seres Laszlo , Vetro Eva , Perenyi Janos , Kocsis Andras 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study presents a case of severe root resorption of the maxillary central incisors in an 18‐year‐old woman who was referred for orthodontic treatment of irregular dental arches. A detailed history revealed that she used to play the block flute on an everyday basis during childhood. Against all warnings, she continued to firmly press her teeth into the mouthpiece of the instrument. Impressions of the upper central incisors were clearly visible on the instrument. Although it is well known that excessive occlusal forces can result in root resorption, to the authors’ knowledge, this case involves one of the first reported occurrences of extensive root resorption that was most likely caused by playing a wind instrument during childhood.
Phytophthora pseudosyringae associated with the mortality of Nothofagus obliqua in a pure stand in central‐southern Chile
Authors: Fajardo S. N. , Valenzuela S. , Dos Santos A. F. , González M. P. , Sanfuentes E. A. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryMortality of Nothofagus trees in the southern‐central Chile region has been observed for over 30 years. A field survey conducted in 2013 detected partial defoliation and bleeding cankers on Nothofagus obliqua in a pure stand in the Nahuelbuta coastal ranges of the Biobío region. A Phytophthora sp. was isolated from stem cankers and soil samples around symptomatic N. obliqua trees: All isolates were identified as Phytophthora pseudosyringae. These isolates were pathogenic on 1‐year‐old N. obliqua and Nothofagus alpina, and on detached twigs of adult N. obliqua and Nothofagus dombeyi trees. This paper is the first to report association and pathogenicity of P. pseudosyringae with N. obliqua, N. alpina and N. dombeyi native to the Biobío region of Chile. The potential of P. pseudosyringae to cause damage in natural Nothofagus stands in Chile must be determined.
First record of tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Esenali Uulu T. , Ulusoy M. R. , Çalışkan A. F. 
Published: June 2017

This short note reports the first record of the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Kyrgyzstan. This pest was found in February 2017 in greenhouses producing tomatoes, located 15 km from Bishkek. Identification of the pest was carried out in the Plant Protection Department, Çukurova University, Turkey based on the morphology of adults and larvae and the male genitalia. According to initial surveys this pest could be a major threat to tomato production in Kyrgyzstan.
Income uncertainty and the decision to invest in bulk shipping
Authors: Kyriakou Ioannis , Pouliasis Panos K. , Papapostolou Nikos C. , Nomikos Nikos K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe develop a coherent framework for the valuation of real assets and determination of the optimal time to invest. To this end, we model the stochastic nature of income and develop methodologies for valuing traded derivatives to facilitate model calibration. A valuation paradigm for freight‐linked assets is then presented and, using a real option approach, we demonstrate its usefulness in investment appraisal and optimal timing of entry in the shipping industry. We find that long‐run freight rate and volatility have an impact on the decision timing and value of the investment that diminishes with increasing vessel age. As time to build declines, the value of the option to wait increases implying a high opportunity cost embedded in the investment decision due to construction lags.
Electrical conductivity of silicon carbonitride‐reduced graphene oxide composites
Authors: Yu Yuxi , Xia Fansen , Huang Qifan , Fang Jiyu , An Linan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSilicon carbonitride ceramics–reduced graphene oxide (SiCN–rGO) composites are synthesized using polyvinylsilazne (PVSZ) and GO as precursors and N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent. We find that the electrical conductivity of SiCN–rGO composites exhibits nonmonotonic changes as a function of GO concentrations, in which the conductivity increases by six orders of magnitude from 7.41E‐09 (Ω/cm)−1 to 4.35E‐03 (Ω/cm)−1 after the integration of 0.2 wt% GO, followed by three orders of magnitude drop to 3.34E‐06 (Ω/cm)−1 when 0.3 wt% GO is integrated. Based on the energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy analysis, we conclude that the conductive behavior of SiCN–rGO composites is controlled by both the concentration and the distribution of “free‐carbon” in the composites.
Secukinumab demonstrates greater sustained improvements in daily activities and personal relationships than ustekinumab in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis: 52‐week results from the CLEAR study
Authors: Blauvelt A. , Reich K. , Mehlis S. , Vanaclocha F. , Sofen H. , Abramovits W. , Zhao Y. , Gilloteau I. , Davenport E. , Williams N. , Guana A. , Tyring S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis can greatly impact patients’ lives by influencing clothing worn as well as by impairing sexual functioning. Secukinumab, a human monoclonal antibody selectively neutralizing interleukin‐17A, has demonstrated good efficacy and safety in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with a rapid onset of action and sustained response.ObjectiveThis analysis using the CLEAR study, a phase 3b double‐blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of secukinumab vs. ustekinumab in adults with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis, evaluated the treatment effects on patient's daily activities and personal relationships.MethodsImpact on daily activities (interference with home/shopping/garden, and influence on clothes worn) and impact on personal relationships (problems with partner/others, and sexual difficulties) as well as their corresponding subscales were selected from the Dermatology Life Quality Index scale and evaluated for patients treated with secukinumab vs. ustekinumab from the CLEAR study. Treatment differences in mean scores and proportions of responders (score = 0, indicating no impact) were evaluated through 52 weeks. Time to response was evaluated through Week 16.ResultsSignificant differences between secukinumab and ustekinumab were observed for daily activities and personal relationships at Week 16 and sustained through Week 52 (Week 52 response rates for daily activities: 82.9% vs. 73.5%, including interference with home/shopping/garden: 88.5% vs. 78.2%, and influence on clothes worn: 85.6% vs. 74.4%; personal relationships: 86.1% vs. 73.7%, including problems with partner/others: 86.6% vs. 74.8%, and sexual difficulties: 88.5% vs. 74.3%; all P < 0.01). The median time to response was 4 weeks for secukinumab vs. 8 weeks for ustekinumab for daily activities and personal relationships (both P < 0.05).ConclusionSecukinumab treatment helps patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis have a more normal life faster when compared to ustekinumab, by providing greater and sustained improvement in clothing choice and sexual functioning.
Automatic system for grading banana using GLCM texture feature extraction and neural network arbitrations
Authors: Olaniyi Ebenezer O. , Adekunle Adefemi A. , Odekuoye Temitope , Khashman Adnan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNowadays, an identification system is needed in the food processing industries to boost the efficiency of production so as to meet up with demand in the society. Manual approach is often used in product grading and quality control, and this unfortunately could lead to uneven products, higher time expense, and fatigue by the human operators. Therefore, we propose in this article, an automatic system for classification of banana whether it is healthy for production or not. Such a system is faster, accurate and also relieves the stress that an operator may have. Our system uses GLCM texture feature analysis to extract the features required for training and testing three classification models; namely, radial basis function (RBF), support vector machine (SVM), and backpropagation neural network (ANN). A classification performance comparison is drawn between the different classification models, and the obtained experimental results indicate that such intelligent grading systems may be efficiently used in real life applications for similar tasks in food processing industries.Practical applicationsThe Automatic system is highly needed in food processing industries to meet up with the production of food products required in the societies. Healthy food products are needed in the society and this can be achieved by implementing a system that will enhance in the sorting or grading of the raw materials (such as banana) used in food processing industries. This system is accurate, economical, and faster in achieving the best product. Such a system will make the product be readily available in the market i.e. meeting the need of the people.
India's E‐Waste Rules and Their Impact on E‐Waste Management Practices: A Case Study
Authors: Bhaskar Kalyan , Turaga Rama Mohana Rao 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIndia, like many other developed and developing countries, has adopted an extended producer responsibility (EPR) approach for electronic waste (e‐waste) management under its E‐waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011. Under these rules, producers have been made responsible for setting up collection centers of e‐waste and financing and organizing a system for environmentally sound management of e‐waste. In this article, we use the implementation of these rules in Ahmedabad in western India as a case study to conduct a critical analysis of the implementation of India's Rules. Interviews of main stakeholder groups, including a sample of regulated commercial establishments, regulatory agencies enforcing the Rules, informal actors involved in waste collection and handling, as well as publicly available information on the implementation constitute data for our case study. Our results indicate that while there has been an increase in the formal waste processing capacity after the implementation of the Rules, only 5% to 15% of the total waste generated is likely channeled through formal processing facilities. While the EPR regulation forced the producers to take action on a few relatively inexpensive aspects of the Rules, the collection and recycling system has not been made convenient for the consumers to deposit e‐waste in formal collection and recycling centers. Based on our findings, we argue that Indian EPR regulation should go beyond simple take‐back mandates and consider implementing other policy instruments such as a deposit‐refund system. An important implication for developing countries is the need for careful attention to instrument choice and design within EPR regulations.
Breakfast meals and emotions: Implicit and explicit assessment of the visual experience
Authors: Walsh Alexandra M. , Duncan Susan E. , Bell Martha Ann , O'Keefe Sean F. , Gallagher Daniel L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUnderstanding implicit (unconscious) emotions and motivational behavior tendencies may provide further information for better understanding consumer response to food. Videos (n = 8) of breakfast meals were presented to participants (n = 40) with concurrent measurement of motor expression (automated facial expression analysis; AFEA), neurologic activity (electroencephalography; EEG), and physiologic activity (electrocardiography; ECG) as indicators of implicit responses. Explicit responses (overall acceptability, check‐all‐that‐apply emotion term list) were assessed following each video presentation. The withdrawal emotion, disgust, was significantly chosen more for videos less liked, while approach emotions, good and happy were significantly chosen for videos liked more (p < .05). Acceptability was significantly different (p < .05) across meal types. Differences were observed in AFEA between a control (calming, positive beach scene video) and the breakfast meal videos. ECG and EEG supported explicit responses. Using only visual stimuli, implicit and explicit responses differed in response to breakfast meals, enhancing understanding of emotional and behavior tendencies to foods. Challenges with assessing implicit emotional responses necessitates further research in defining appropriate controls, standard methodologies and data interpretation procedures.Practical applicationsIn this study, we illustrated that the visual sense alone is sufficient to influence differences among acceptable food products and influence motivational behavior tendencies. Interpretation of “liked” foods using facial expression, as an indication of emotion, brain (frontal lobe) activity, as an indication of motivational behavioral tendencies, and heart rate, as an indication of arousal, is advanced through this study. This information can be applied in recognizing the input of visual information in creating an approach or withdrawal connection to a food, meal or non‐food consumable product. Appearance, such as influenced by packaging and lighting in retail supermarkets and presentation of meals in foodservice operations, may influence underlying emotions that ultimately influence product success. This research is of value to food product developers, sensory scientists, marketing professionals, food retailers, and foodservice operations. This information also may be applied to non‐food consumer products.
Evaluation ofMollicutesMicroorganisms in Respiratory Disease of Cattle and Their Relationship to Clinical Signs
Authors: Tortorelli G. , Carrillo Gaeta N. , Mendonça Ribeiro B.L. , Miranda Marques L. , Timenetsky J. , Gregory L. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important problem in cattle production that is responsible for economic losses in dairy herds.Mycoplasmaspp. are described as an important etiological agent ofBRD.HypothesisTo evaluate the occurrence of the most important mycoplasmas in the lower respiratory tract of healthy andBRDcattle in relationship to clinical signs ofBRD.AnimalsSixty young dairy cattle were classified as healthy (n = 32) or cattle showing clinical signs ofBRD(n = 28).MethodsTracheal lavage samples were collected and added to tubes containing Hayflick media.Mycoplasmaspp. were identified by the presence of “fried egg” like colonies, biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Occurrence ofMollicutes, M. bovis, M. mycoidessubsp.mycoidesSCandM. disparwas evaluated. The association between clinical signs ofBRDand the presence ofMycoplasmaspp. also was evaluated.ResultsColonies were obtained from a 1‐year‐oldBRDcalf only. However, species identification was not possible.Mollicutes(P= .035) andM. dispar(P= .036) were more common inBRDcattle. The relationship betweenMollicutesand crackle (P= .057) was not significant.M. disparwas associated to tachypnea (P= .045) and mixed dyspnea (P= .003). Relationships to heart rate (P= .062) and crackle (P= .062) were not significant.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe results confirmed the importance of mycoplasma as an etiologic agent ofBRDand suggestedM. disparas part of the respiratory microbiota and its possible role in the development ofBRD.
The Effect of Temporary Agency Workers on Wage of Permanent Employees: Evidence From Linked Employer‐Employee Data
Authors: Ordine Patrizia , Rose Giuseppe , Vella Gessica 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe effect of flexibility at‐the‐margin on wage of permanent employees is evaluated using Italian Linked Employer‐Employee Data for the period 1991–2004. Temporary Agency Workers (TAW) introduced in Italy in 1997 in some specific industries represents a form of flexible job providing a quasi‐experimental setup that can be used to obtain identification by applying difference‐in‐differences. Concerns related to confounding trends are addressed through several robustness and falsification tests. Norms introducing TAW in all sectors in 2000 are also exploited. Results show an increase in permanent employees’ wage in industries involved in the reform. This evidence is consistent with insider‐outsider theories wherein — in a dual labor market — a rise in the share of unprotected employees may spill over upon insiders’ wage.
Large oesophageal varice screening by a sequential algorithm using a cirrhosis blood test and optionally capsule endoscopy
Authors: Calès Paul , Sacher‐Huvelin Sylvie , Valla Dominique , Bureau Christophe , Olivier Anne , Oberti Frédéric , Boursier Jérôme , Galmiche Jean Paul ,   multicenter group VO‐VCO
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsLarge oesophageal varice (LEV) screening is recommended in cirrhosis. We performed a prospective study to improve non‐invasive LEV screening.Design287 patients with cirrhosis had upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (LEV reference), oesophageal capsule endoscopy (ECE), liver elastography and blood marker analyses. CirrhoMeter (cirrhosis blood test), the most accurate non‐invasive LEV test, was segmented for cirrhosis (reference comparator) or LEV. VariScreen, a sequential and partially minimally invasive diagnostic algorithm, was developed by multivariate analysis. It uses CirrhoMeter first, then ECE if CirrhoMeter cannot rule LEV out or in, and finally endoscopy if CirrhoMeter+ECE combination remains uninformative.ResultsDiagnostic effectiveness rates for LEV were: cirrhosis‐segmented CirrhoMeter: 14.6%, LEV‐segmented CirrhoMeter: 34.6%, ECE: 60.6% and VariScreen: 66.4% (P ≤ .001 for overall or pair comparison). The respective missed LEV rates were: 2.8%, 5.6%, 8.3% and 5.6% (P = .789). Spared endoscopy rates were, respectively: 15.6%, 36.0%, 70.6% and 69%, (P < .001 for overall or paired comparison except ECE vs VariScreen: P = .743). VariScreen spared 38% of ECE and reduced missed LEV by 87% compared to classical ECE performed in all patients. Excepting cirrhosis‐segmented CirrhoMeter, these spared endoscopy rates were significantly higher than that of the Baveno VI recommendation (using platelets and Fibroscan): 18.4% (P < .001). Ascites and Child‐Pugh class independently predicted endoscopy sparing by VariScreen: from 86.0% in compensated Child Pugh class A to 24.1% in Child‐Pugh class C with ascites.ConclusionVariScreen algorithm significantly reduced the missed LEV rate with ECE by 87%, ECE use by 38% and endoscopy requirement by 69%, and even 86% in compensated cirrhosis.
Functional characterization of two half‐size ABC transporter genes in aluminium‐accumulating buckwheat
Authors: Lei Gui Jie , Yokosho Kengo , Yamaji Naoki , Fujii‐Kashino Miho , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: June 2017

Summary

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is able to detoxify high aluminium (Al) internally by sequestering it to the vacuoles in the leaves; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this sequestration are unknown.

We performed proteomic analysis with the leaf tonoplast‐rich fraction and identified two half‐size ABC transporters; FeASL1.1 and FeALS1.2. We investigated the gene expression patterns and subcellular localization. To demonstrate their physiological role, we expressed FeALS1.1 or FeALS1.2 in the Arabidopsis atals1 mutant under the control of AtALS1 promoter.

FeALS1.1 expression was upregulated by Al in both the leaves and the roots, and its expression level in the roots was six times higher than its homologous gene (AtALS1) of Arabidopsis. FeALS1.2 expression, however, was not affected by Al but showed a 39 times higher expression level than AtALS1 in the leaves. When FeALS1.1 or FeALS1.2 was expressed in atals1, both of them recovered their Al tolerance through altering the subcellular localization of Al in root cells.

Taken together, our results indicate that FeALS1.1 and FeALS1.2 are involved in the internal detoxification of Al in the roots and leaves, respectively, by sequestering Al into the vacuoles. Their high expression is probably required for high Al tolerance in buckwheat.