bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐centre, prospective evaluation of the Seldinger technique for difficult male urethral catheter insertions by non‐urology trained doctors
Authors: Yuminaga Yuigi , Kam Jonathan , Louie‐Johnsun Mark 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Seldinger technique by non‐urology trained (NUT) doctors for difficult male indwelling urinary catheter (IDC) insertions.Patients and MethodsIn all, 115 patients and 57 participating NUT doctors were recruited by the urologist or urology registrar, when contacted in regards to failed IDC insertion. The successful passage of an IDC by the NUT doctors using the Seldinger technique with a straight, hydrophilic guidewire was assessed in our prospective, multicentre evaluation. Instruction of this technique was via bedside teaching by the urology registrar or via video media.ResultsThe 115 patients, involving 57 NUT doctors, were prospectively evaluated across four sites; 93% (107/115) of cases had successful placement of an IDC with the Seldinger technique by a NUT doctor. No complications with the Seldinger technique were recorded. In 80 patients (69.6%), the technique was successfully performed by a NUT doctor without attendance by a urologist or urology registrar, with instruction provided from video media or prior bedside teaching by the urology registrar.ConclusionsOur study is the first to validate the safety and effectiveness of the Seldinger technique for difficult male IDC insertion performed by NUT doctors. This technique can be taught via video education and thus has important implications for health services where urological support is not readily available.
Beliefs About Stress Attenuate the Relation Among Adverse Life Events, Perceived Distress, and Self‐Control
Authors: Park Daeun , Yu Alisa , Metz Sarah E. , Tsukayama Eli , Crum Alia J. , Duckworth Angela L. 
Published: September 2017

Prior research has shown that adverse events in the lives of adolescents precipitate psychological distress, which in turn impairs self‐control. This study (N = 1,343) examined the protective effects of stress mindsets—beliefs about the extent to which stress might be beneficial or strictly detrimental. The results confirmed that increasing the number of adverse life events across the school year predicted rank order increases in perceived distress, which in turn predicted rank order decreases in self‐control. Adolescents who believed in the potential benefits of stress were less prone to feeling stressed in the wake of adverse life events. These findings suggest that changing the way adolescents think about stress may help protect them from acting impulsively when confronted with adversity.
Cholinergic urticaria patients of different age groups have distinct features
Authors: Asady A. , Ruft J. , Ellrich A. , Hawro T. , Maurer M. , Altrichter S. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundCholinergic urticaria (CholU) is a common skin disease characterized by the development of pinpoint‐sized weals and severe itch upon physical exercise. Little is known about the epidemiology of CholU. CholU can occur at any age and has the highest prevalence among young adults. As of now, it is unclear whether patients of different age show differences in the clinical manifestation of CholU, duration of disease, comorbidities or response to treatment.MethodsHere, we analysed the demographic data and clinical characteristics including disease duration and comorbidities of 200 patients with CholU, 12‐76 years of age.ResultsWe identified two distinct types of CholU, one with early onset (EO, 71%) and one with late onset (LO, 29%). Patients with EO and LO CholU markedly differ in key characteristics: patients with EO, who had a disease onset before the age of 36, showed no gender preponderance and had a significantly higher rate of concomitant atopic dermatitis (16.9% vs 5.2%; P = .028) and higher IgE levels (295.5 vs 267.1 IU/mL; P = .020) as compared to patients with LO, who were mainly female (69%), had a shorter duration of disease (33.3 vs 63.7 months; P = .005), a higher rate of concomitant other forms of urticaria (48.3% vs 33.1%; P = .044) and a higher rate of psychiatric comorbidities (12.1% vs 1.4%; P = .001).ConclusionThere are two subtypes of CholU patients with different gender ratios, disease duration and comorbidities. These findings suggest that two distinct underlying pathogenetic pathways are relevant in these two subgroups of patients with CholU.
Prevalence, treatments and medical cost of multiple sclerosis in Japan based on analysis of a health insurance claims database
Authors: Ogino Mieko , Okamoto Shuichi , Ohta Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Mariko , Nakamura Yusuke , Iwasaki Kosuke , Yoshida Manami , Hiroi Shinzo , Kawachi Izumi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo understand, through an analysis of health insurance claims data, the current treatment status and medical cost of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Japan.MethodsWe analyzed claims data (January 2005–January 2016) from the Japan Medical Data Center Co., Ltd., identifying MS patients, except those with neuromyelitis optica, using an algorithm based on diagnosis codes. Prescription drug usage and medical costs for MS patients were analyzed.ResultsA total of 713 MS patients were identified in the database. Between 2011 and 2015, the age‐adjusted prevalence of MS in the database increased from 0.015% to 0.019%, and the female‐to‐male ratio increased from 1.70 to 2.03. The prescription rate for disease‐modifying therapy drugs was higher in larger care settings. Prescriptions for fingolimod increased from 2011, with a concomitant decrease in prescriptions for interferon. The per patient per month cost for MS was ¥124 337 (US$1190 or €1084, as of October 2016). This was higher than the costs for Parkinson's disease (¥84 410), myasthenia gravis (¥82 944) and rheumatoid arthritis (¥53 843). However, the total per member per month cost for MS, which represents the population‐based economic impact, was ¥25.2, which was lower than the parallel costs for Parkinson's disease (¥123.0) and rheumatoid arthritis (¥311.6) because of the low prevalence of MS in Japan.ConclusionsUsing real‐world data, we obtained up‐to‐date prevalence, treatment status and medical cost information for MS in Japan. The present results showed the efficacy of a real‐world database to obtain the latest national trends for rare diseases, such as MS; this could have important implications for clinicians and policymakers.
Changes in psychosocial health during a 7‐week paediatric weight management program
Authors: Tucker J. M. , Howard K. , DeLaFuente K. , Cadieux A. , Yee K. E. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryYouth with obesity are at increased risk of psychosocial symptoms; however, little is known regarding the impact of paediatric weight management (PWM) on psychosocial health. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in psychosocial health among children who completed a 7‐week PWM program. Participants aged 5 to 16 years with a BMI ≥85th percentile completed a 7‐week, family‐centred PWM program focused on health behaviour education, exercise and mentored goal setting. The Paediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) was assessed via parent report to evaluate psychosocial symptoms before and after the program, and subscales were calculated for internalizing (PSC‐IS), externalizing (PSC‐ES) and attention symptoms (PSC‐AS). At baseline, positive screen rates for psychosocial symptoms among the 317 patients included 16.1% for PSC, 14.1% for PSC‐ES, 18.6% for PSC‐IS and 12.3% for PSC‐AS. Among program completers, total PSC scores improved in those with normal (p = 0.010) and elevated p < .001 psychosocial symptoms at baseline. Youth with positive screens for elevated PSC subscales improved their subscale scores, on average, and the majority reduced scores to below elevated levels for PSC (54.2%), PSC‐ES (64.7%), PSC‐IS (78.3%) and PSC‐AS (64.7%). Improvements in PSC remained significant after adjusting for BMI changes during treatment, but BMI differed across PSC‐change groups, including BMI increases among participants with PSC deterioration (0.33 ± 0.64 kg m−2) (P = 0.035) and BMI decreases among patients with no reliable PSC change (−0.26 ± 1.04 kg m−2) (P = 0.038) or reliable PSC improvement (−0.22 ± 0.74 kg m−2) (P = 0.025). Youth with positive screens for psychosocial symptoms can improve emotional and behavioural functioning during short‐term PWM. Future research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and long‐term outcome durability.
What is expected in lung function after lung transplantation due to end‐stage pulmonary silicosis?
Authors: Sidney‐Filho Luzielio Alves , Watte Guilherme , dos Santos Pedro Augusto Reck , Marcelo Schio Sadi , Camargo Spencer Marcantonio , Perin Fabíola Adélia , Hochhegger Bruno , Felicetti Jose Carlos , Camargo Jose de Jesus Peixoto , Moreira Jose da Silva 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to determine the impact of lung transplantation (LTx) on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and survival among patients with end‐stage silicosis. We included patients with end‐stage silicosis on the wait list for LTx, between January 1989 and July 2015 (N = 26). Sixteen of these patients received LTx; 10 were eligible, but did not undergo LTx (non‐LTx) during the study period. Retrospective information on PFTs (spirometry [volumes and flows], 6‐minute walking test [6MWT], and DLCO) was retrieved from patients’ medical charts, including baseline information for all patients and follow‐up information for the LTx. At baseline, most patients presented with spirometric and 6MWT values that were suggestive of severe disease (FEV1/FVC 76.5 ± 29.7; 6MWT 267.4 ± 104.5 m). Significant increases in these values were observed at follow‐up in the LTx (P = .036 and .151, respectively). The overall median survival of patients in the LTx and non‐LTx was 3.35 years (95% CI: 0.16‐14.38) and 0.78 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12‐3.65) (P = 0.002), respectively. For patients with end‐stage silicosis, LTx offers significant benefits regarding pulmonary function and survival when compared to non‐LTx, and is a reliable tool to help this critical population of patients, whose only treatment option is LTx.
Characteristics and outcomes among patients with need for early dialysis after lung transplantation surgery
Authors: Banga Amit , Mohanka Manish , Mullins Jessica , Bollineni Srinivas , Kaza Vaidehi , Tanriover Bekir , Torres Fernando 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundWith the introduction of lung allocation score (LAS), increasingly sicker patients are undergoing lung transplantation (LT). This study was conducted to determine the time trends in need for dialysis after LT, identify variables independently associated with need for dialysis, and evaluate its association with 1‐ and 5‐year mortality.MethodsWe queried the United Network of Organ Sharing database for adult patients undergoing LT between 1994 and 2014. We excluded patients with simultaneous dual organ transplantation and where data regarding the need for dialysis were not available.ResultsTime trends in the yearly incidence of the need for dialysis showed a gradual increase (P = .012). In the post‐LAS era, ethnicity, underlying diagnosis, estimated GFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and mean pulmonary pressures>35 mm Hg, ventilator or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support at LT, and >20% increase in serum creatinine between listing and match were independently associated with the need for dialysis. Patients with need for dialysis had significantly increased hazard of 1‐year (n = 13 849; adjusted hazard ratio, 95% CI:7.23, 6.2‐8.4, P < .001) and 5‐year mortality (n = 7287; adjusted hazard ratio, 95% CI:3.96, 3.43‐4.56, P < .001).ConclusionsThere is a gradual increase in the incidence of the need for early dialysis after LT, and these patients have significantly worse early and late survival. Several pre‐transplant recipient characteristics are independently associated with the need for dialysis.
Imported fire ant envenomation: A clinicopathologic study of a recognizable form of arthropod assault reaction
Authors: Villada Gabriel , Hafeez Farhaan , Ollague Jose , Nousari Carlos H. , Elgart George W. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundSkin reactions to the sting of the imported fire ant have characteristic clinicopathological features.MethodsOne case of experimental envenomation was prospectively followed during 48 hours, with biopsies. In addition, 6 cases from our laboratory were retrospectively evaluated histopathologically for the following features: spongiosis, exocytosis (and type of cells), pustule formation, erosion/ulceration, epidermal necrosis, scale/crust, papillary dermal edema, inflammatory dermal infiltrate (cell type, density, depth, distribution, shape), red blood cell extravasation, vasculopathy and vasculitis.ResultsThe typical lesion follows a very distinctive clinical and histopathologic evolution over 48 hours, with the formation of a subepidermal pustule overlying a wedge‐shaped area of dermal collagen basophilic degeneration with scattered neutrophils. In the 6 cases retrieved from our files, the main features were a superficial and deep dermal, perivascular, periadnexal and interstitial infiltrate consisting of neutrophils, with basophilic degeneration of the collagen. A subepidermal pustule was noted in half of the cases.ConclusionsIn biopsies taken in a clinical setting, even in the absence of the characteristic subepidermal pustule, the diagnosis of imported fire ant sting can be suspected if there is a superficial and deep perivascular, periadnexal and interstitial infiltrate composed of neutrophils, with some basophilic denaturation of collagen.
‘We are the eyes and ears of researchers and community’: Understanding the role of community advisory groups in representing researchers and communities in Malawi
Authors: Nyirenda Deborah , Sariola Salla , Gooding Kate , Phiri Mackwellings , Sambakunsi Rodrick , Moyo Elvis , Bandawe Chiwoza , Squire Bertie , Desmond Nicola 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCommunity engagement to protect and empower participating individuals and communities is an ethical requirement in research. There is however limited evidence on effectiveness or relevance of some of the approaches used to improve ethical practice. We conducted a study to understand the rationale, relevance and benefits of community engagement in health research. This paper draws from this wider study and focuses on factors that shaped Community Advisory Group (CAG) members’ selection processes and functions in Malawi. A qualitative research design was used; two participatory workshops were conducted with CAG members to understand their roles in research. Workshop findings were triangulated with insights from ethnographic field notes, key informant interviews with stakeholders, focus group discussions with community members and document reviews. Data were coded manually and thematic content analysis was used to identify main issues. Results have shown that democratic selection of CAG members presented challenges in both urban and rural settings. We also noted that CAG members perceived their role as a form of employment which potentially led to ineffective representation of community interests. We conclude that democratic voting is not enough to ensure effective representation of community's interests of ethical relevance. CAG members’ abilities to understand research ethics, identify potential harms to community and communicate feedback to researchers is critical to optimise engagement of lay community and avoid tokenistic engagement.
Findings and strategies for treating horses injured in open range fires
Authors: Herbert E. W. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryEight horses with varying degrees of burns sustained in an Australian bushfire were treated over several months. The horses were attended at the scene of the fire and then hospitalised from 4 days to 4 months for burns sustained to the head, ventral body and legs. The clinical findings and treatment of two of the horses are described. Variations with barn fire injuries and treatment are noted. While some horses were subject to euthanasia, or died at the scene of the fire, all hospitalised horses recovered.
Bioremediation in Fractured Rock: 1. Modeling to Inform Design, Monitoring, and Expectations
Authors: Tiedeman Claire R. , Shapiro Allen M. , Hsieh Paul A. , Imbrigiotta Thomas E. , Goode Daniel J. , Lacombe Pierre J. , DeFlaun Mary F. , Drew Scott R. , Johnson Carole D. , Williams John H. , Curtis Gary P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractField characterization of a trichloroethene (TCE) source area in fractured mudstones produced a detailed understanding of the geology, contaminant distribution in fractures and the rock matrix, and hydraulic and transport properties. Groundwater flow and chemical transport modeling that synthesized the field characterization information proved critical for designing bioremediation of the source area. The planned bioremediation involved injecting emulsified vegetable oil and bacteria to enhance the naturally occurring biodegradation of TCE. The flow and transport modeling showed that injection will spread amendments widely over a zone of lower‐permeability fractures, with long residence times expected because of small velocities after injection and sorption of emulsified vegetable oil onto solids. Amendments transported out of this zone will be diluted by groundwater flux from other areas, limiting bioremediation effectiveness downgradient. At nearby pumping wells, further dilution is expected to make bioremediation effects undetectable in the pumped water. The results emphasize that in fracture‐dominated flow regimes, the extent of injected amendments cannot be conceptualized using simple homogeneous models of groundwater flow commonly adopted to design injections in unconsolidated porous media (e.g., radial diverging or dipole flow regimes). Instead, it is important to synthesize site characterization information using a groundwater flow model that includes discrete features representing high‐ and low‐permeability fractures. This type of model accounts for the highly heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity and groundwater fluxes in fractured‐rock aquifers, and facilitates designing injection strategies that target specific volumes of the aquifer and maximize the distribution of amendments over these volumes.
Bioremediation in Fractured Rock: 2. Mobilization of Chloroethene Compounds from the Rock Matrix
Authors: Shapiro Allen M. , Tiedeman Claire R. , Imbrigiotta Thomas E. , Goode Daniel J. , Hsieh Paul A. , Lacombe Pierre J. , DeFlaun Mary F. , Drew Scott R. , Curtis Gary P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA mass balance is formulated to evaluate the mobilization of chlorinated ethene compounds (CE) from the rock matrix of a fractured mudstone aquifer under pre‐ and postbioremediation conditions. The analysis relies on a sparse number of monitoring locations and is constrained by a detailed description of the groundwater flow regime. Groundwater flow modeling developed under the site characterization identified groundwater fluxes to formulate the CE mass balance in the rock volume exposed to the injected remediation amendments. Differences in the CE fluxes into and out of the rock volume identify the total CE mobilized from diffusion, desorption, and nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution under pre‐ and postinjection conditions. The initial CE mass in the rock matrix prior to remediation is estimated using analyses of CE in rock core. The CE mass mobilized per year under preinjection conditions is small relative to the total CE mass in the rock, indicating that current pump‐and‐treat and natural attenuation conditions are likely to require hundreds of years to achieve groundwater concentrations that meet regulatory guidelines. The postinjection CE mobilization rate increased by approximately an order of magnitude over the 5 years of monitoring after the amendment injection. This rate is likely to decrease and additional remediation applications over several decades would still be needed to reduce CE mass in the rock matrix to levels where groundwater concentrations in fractures achieve regulatory standards.
Continuous infusion of coagulation factor concentrates during intensive treatment
Authors: Holme P. A. , Tjønnfjord G. E. , Batorova A. 
Published: September 2017

In clinical management of bleeds and surgical procedures in patients suffering from bleeding disorders either repetitive bolus injections (BI) or continuous infusion (CI) can be used for coagulation factor replacement. Continuous infusion seems to be an attractive route of administration and may be considered if replacement therapy is required for more than 3 days. The strongest argument favouring continuous infusion is its superiority in providing the patient with a safe and constant level of the deficient coagulation factor by balancing input with clearance. Furthermore, several studies have shown that coagulation factor consumption may be reduced by CI compared to repetitive bolus injections (BI) since unnecessary peaks of factor level are avoided. Concerns have been raised whether continuous infusion of coagulation concentrates is associated with an increased risk of developing inhibitors. However, available data have so far not shown an increased risk for inhibitor development in severe haemophilia patients with more than 50 exposure days of coagulation factor concentrates. Further, previously reported complications when using CI such as phlebitis at the infusion site and pump failure are nowadays very seldom seen when small amounts of heparin are added to the infusion bag, and increased quality of the pumps are available. Over the last decades, numerous reports have confirmed CI to be a safe and effective mode of coagulation factor replacement even in the most challenging surgical procedures, such as total joint arthroplasties.
Wnt7a induces a unique phenotype of monocyte‐derived macrophages with lower phagocytic capacity and differential expression of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Wallace Jennillee , Lutgen Victoria , Avasarala Sreedevi , St. Croix Brad , Winn Robert A. , Al‐Harthi Lena 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe variation of macrophage functions suggests the involvement of multiple signalling pathways in fine tuning their differentiation. Macrophages that originate from monocytes in the blood migrate to tissue in response to homeostatic or ‘danger’ signals and undergo substantial morphological and functional modifications to meet the needs of the dominant signals in the microenvironment. Wnts are secreted glycoproteins that play a significant role in organ and cell differentiation, yet their impact on monocyte differentiation is not clear. In this study, we assessed the role of Wnt1 and Wnt7a on the differentiation of monocytes and the subsequent phenotype and function of monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs). We show that Wnt7a decreased the expression of CD14, CD11b, CD163 and CD206, whereas Wnt1 had no effect. The Wnt7a effect on CD11b was also observed in the brain and spleen of Wnt7a−/− adult brain mouse tissue and in embryonic Wnt7a−/− tissue. Wnt7a reduced the phagocytic capacity of M‐MDMs, decreased interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and IL‐12 secretion and increased IL‐6 secretion. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Wnt7a generates an MDM phenotype with both pro‐inflammatory and alternative MDM cytokine profiles and reduced phagocytic capacity. As such, Wnt7a can have a significant impact on macrophage responses in health and disease.