bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the Accuracy of Data-driven MHD Simulations of Active Region Evolution
Authors: Leake James E. , Linton Mark G. , Schuck Peter W. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Models for the evolution of the solar coronal magnetic field are vital for understanding solar activity, yet the best measurements of the magnetic field lie at the photosphere, necessitating the development of coronal models which are “data-driven” at the photosphere. We present an investigation to determine the feasibility and accuracy of such methods. Our validation framework uses a simulation of active region (AR) formation, modeling the emergence of magnetic flux from the convection zone to the corona, as a ground-truth data set, to supply both the photospheric information and to perform the validation of the data-driven method. We focus our investigation on how the accuracy of the data-driven model depends on the temporal frequency of the driving data. The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory produces full-disk vector magnetic field measurements at a 12-minute cadence. Using our framework we show that ARs that emerge over 25 hr can be modeled by the data-driving method with only ∼1% error in the free magnetic energy, assuming the photospheric information is specified every 12 minutes. However, for rapidly evolving features, under-sampling of the dynamics at this cadence leads to a strobe effect, generating large electric currents and incorrect coronal morphology and energies. We derive a sampling condition for the driving cadence based on the evolution of these small-scale features, and show that higher-cadence driving can lead to acceptable errors. Future work will investigate the source of errors associated with deriving plasma variables from the photospheric magnetograms as well as other sources of errors, such as reduced resolution, instrument bias, and noise.
Bar-induced Central Star Formation as Revealed by Integral Field Spectroscopy from CALIFA
Authors: Lin Lin , Li Cheng , He Yanqin , Xiao Ting , Wang Enci 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We investigate the recent star formation history (SFH) in the inner region of 57 nearly face-on spiral galaxies selected from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. For each galaxy, we use the integral field spectroscopy from CALIFA to obtain two-dimensional maps and radial profiles of three parameters that are sensitive indicators of the recent SFH: the 4000 Å break (D

n
(4000)), and the equivalent width of Hδ absorption (

) and Hα emission (EW(Hα)). We have also performed photometric decomposition of bulge/bar/disk components based on SDSS optical image. We identify a class of 17 “turnover” galaxies for which the central region presents a significant drop in D

n
(4000), and most of them correspondingly show a central upturn in

and EW(Hα). This indicates that the central region of the turnover galaxies has experienced star formation in the past 1–2 Gyr, which makes the bulge younger and more star-forming than surrounding regions. We find that almost all (15/17) of the turnover galaxies are barred, while only half of the barred galaxies in our sample (15/32) are classified as a turnover galaxies. This finding provides strong evidence in support of the theoretical expectation that the bar may drive gas from the disk inward to trigger star formation in the galaxy center, an important channel for the growth/rejuvenation of pseudobulges in disk galaxies.
Effect of Alignment on Polarized Infrared Emission from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Hoang Thiem 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Polarized emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) potentially provides a new way to test the basic physics of the alignment of ultrasmall grains. In this paper, we present a new model of polarized PAH emission that takes into account the effect of PAH alignment with the magnetic field. We first generate a large sample of the grain angular momentum

by simulating the alignment of PAHs due to resonance paramagnetic relaxation that accounts for various interaction processes. We then calculate the polarization level of the PAH emission features for the different phases of the interstellar medium, including the cold neutral medium (CNM), reflection nebulae (RNe), and photodissociation regions. We find that a moderate degree of PAH alignment can significantly enhance the polarization degree of the PAH emission compared to the previous results obtained with randomly oriented angular momentum. In particular, we find that the smallest negatively charged PAHs in RNe can be excited to slightly suprathermal rotation due to enhanced ion collisional excitation, resulting in an increase of the polarization with the ionization fraction. Our results suggest that an RN is the most favorable environment in which to observe polarized PAH emission and to test the alignment physics of nanoparticles. Finally, we present an explicit relationship between the polarization level of PAH emission and the degree of external alignment for the CNM and RNe. The obtained relationship will be particularly useful for testing the alignment physics of PAHs in future observations.
Triggering the Formation of Direct Collapse Black Holes by Their Congeners
Authors: Yue 岳 Bin 斌 , Ferrara Andrea , Pacucci Fabio , Omukai 大 Kazuyuki 向一行 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Direct collapse black holes (DCBHs) are excellent candidates for seeds of supermassive black holes observed at z ≳ 6. The formation of a DCBH requires a strong external radiation field to suppress H2 formation and cooling in a collapsing gas cloud. Such a strong field is not easily achieved by first stars or normal star-forming galaxies. Here we investigate a scenario in which a previously formed DCBH can provide the necessary radiation field for the formation of additional ones. Using a one-zone model and simulated DCBH Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) filtered through absorbing gas initially having column density N
H, we derive the critical field intensity,

, to suppress H2 formation and cooling. For the SED model with

cm−2, 8.0 × 1024 cm−2, and 5.0 × 1024 cm−2, we obtain

, 35, and 54, all much smaller than the critical field intensity for normal star-forming galaxies

X-ray photons from previously formed DCBHs build up a high-z X-ray background (XRB) that may boost the

. However, we find that in the three SED models,

only increases to ≈80, 170, and 390, even when

reaches the maximum value allowed by the present-day XRB level (0.22, 0.034, 0.006 M
⊙ yr−1 Mpc−3), which is still much smaller than the galactic value. Although considering the XRB from first galaxies may further increase

, we conclude that our investigation supports a scenario in which DCBHs may be more abundant than predicted by models only including galaxies as external radiation sources.
MC2: Multiwavelength and Dynamical Analysis of the Merging Galaxy Cluster ZwCl 0008.8+5215: An Older and Less Massive Bullet Cluster
Authors: Golovich Nathan , Weeren Reinout J. van , Dawson William A. , Jee M. James , Wittman David 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present and analyze a rich data set including Subaru/SuprimeCam, HST/Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3, Keck/DEIMOS, Chandra/ACIS-I, and JVLA/C and D array for the merging cluster of galaxies ZwCl 0008.8+5215. With a joint Subaru+HST weak gravitational lensing analysis, we identify two dominant subclusters and estimate the masses to be

and

. We estimate the projected separation between the two subclusters to be

. We perform a clustering analysis of spectroscopically confirmed cluster member galaxies and estimate the line-of-sight velocity difference between the two subclusters to be

. We further motivate, discuss, and analyze the merger scenario through an analysis of the 42 ks of Chandra/ACIS-I and JVLA/C and D array polarization data. The X-ray surface brightness profile reveals a merging gas-core reminiscent of the Bullet Cluster. The global X-ray luminosity in the 0.5–7.0 keV band is

and the global X-ray temperature is 4.90 ± 0.13 keV. The radio relics are polarized up to

, and along with the masses, velocities, and positions of the two subclusters, we input these quantities into a Monte Carlo dynamical analysis and estimate the merger velocity at pericenter to be

. This is a lower-mass version of the Bullet Cluster and therefore may prove useful in testing alternative models of dark matter (DM). We do not find significant offsets between DM and galaxies, but the uncertainties are large with the current lensing data. Furthermore, in the east, the BCG is offset from other luminous cluster galaxies, which poses a puzzle for defining DM–galaxy offsets.
Multi-wavelength Spectral Analysis of Ellerman Bombs Observed by FISS and IRIS
Authors: Hong Jie , Ding M. D. , Cao Wenda 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Ellerman bombs (EBs) are a kind of solar activity that is suggested to occur in the lower solar atmosphere. Recent observations using the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) show connections between EBs and IRIS bombs (IBs), which imply that EBs might be heated to a much higher temperature (8 × 104 K) than previous results. Here we perform a spectral analysis of EBs simultaneously observed by the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph and IRIS. The observational results show clear evidence of heating in the lower atmosphere, indicated by the wing enhancement in Hα, Ca ii 8542 Å, and Mg ii triplet lines and also by brightenings in images of the 1700 Å and 2832 Å ultraviolet continuum channels. Additionally, the intensity of the Mg ii triplet line is correlated with that of Hα when an EB occurs, suggesting the possibility of using the triplet as an alternative way to identify EBs. However, we do not find any signal in IRIS hotter lines (C ii and Si iv). For further analysis, we employ a two-cloud model to fit the two chromospheric lines (Hα and Ca ii 8542 Å) simultaneously, and obtain a temperature enhancement of 2300 K for a strong EB. This temperature is among the highest of previous modeling results, albeit still insufficient to produce IB signatures at ultraviolet wavelengths.
Increasing RN Perceived Competency With Substance Use Disorder Patients
Authors: Russell Regina , Ojeda Maria M. , Ames Barbara 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Although behavioral health and substance use disorder patients visit hospitals in significant numbers, nurses are often ill-prepared to care for them.

Method:
The purpose of this quasi-experimental preclass–postclass design was to determine the effects of an educational intervention on the perceived competency of 57 nurses who care for patients with behavioral and substance abuse disorders. The nurses who chose to participate were asked to respond to a demographic questionnaire and a survey designed to measure perceived competency. Survey data were analyzed to determine whether any differences (alpha = .05) existed between participants' attitudes and knowledge preclass and postclass.

Results:
Immediately following the educational intervention, a statistically significant increase was found in perceived competency related to self-confidence, attitudes, communication, and knowledge of resource availability among participating nurses.

Conclusion:
Nurses working in acute care hospitals, particularly those without addiction and psychiatric services, may benefit from continuing education on this important topic.

J Contin Nurs Educ.
2017;48(4):175–183.
Les identités de genre dans le cinéma des premiers temps : problématiques d’une approche
Authors: Cherubini Jean-Marie 
Published: March 2017

Si les Gender Studies constituent depuis maintenant plusieurs années un domaine de recherche reconnu et institutionnalisé, elles n’en restent pas moins soumises à de nombreux reproches dans les milieux académiques, notamment en ce qui concerne l’objectivité scientifique des démarches et des résultats proposés. Lorsqu’on examine les théories qui se penchent sur le cinéma des premiers temps, cet aspect se perçoit nettement. Mais en parallèle, surtout depuis une dizaine d’années, d’autres approches montrent que la dimension idéologique n’est pas nécessairement intrinsèque à ce champ d’étude. Inspirées des chercheurs-euses de Brighton, ainsi que de la théorie du dispositif, celles-ci cherchent à déterminer la place et la fonction du genre dans ce cinéma et proposent, de ce fait, une approche épistémologique de laquelle ressort ce constat : le genre, conçu comme catégorie analytique est un concept qui a sa place dans l’histoire du cinéma.
Je suis cinéaste
Authors: Rohmer Éric 
Published: March 2017

« Je pense que vous savez que je suis cinéaste... » Ainsi Eric Rohmer commence-t-il son cours du 29 octobre 1990 à l’université de Paris I. Il s’agit de sa vingt-deuxième rentrée universitaire, et l’on peut penser que l’enseignant, qui a de la bouteille, commence ses cours en appuyant sur cet effet rhétorique amusant depuis un certain temps, peut-être depuis l’automne 1969, sa première rentrée, qui suit de quelques mois la sortie en salles de Ma nuit chez Maud, qui s’avère un triomphe inattendu, attirant plus d’un million de spectateurs, faisant brusquement de ce théoricien et critique reconnu mais plutôt obscur, auteur de films confidentiels, un réalisateur à succès...
Test-Retest Reliability of the King-Devick Test in an Adolescent Population
Authors: Oberlander Tyler J. , Olson Bernadette L. , Weidauer Lee 
Published: March 2017

Context:
The King-Devick (KD) test is a screening tool designed to assess cognitive visual impairments, namely saccadic rhythm, postconcussion. Test-retest reliability of the KD in a healthy adolescent population has not yet been established.

Objective:
To investigate the overall test-retest reliability of the KD among a sample of healthy adolescents. Additionally, we sought to determine if sex and age influenced reliability.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Secondary school.

Patients or Other Participants:
Sixty-eight healthy adolescents, 41 boys (age = 15.4 ± 1.9 years) and 27 girls (age = 15.4 ± 1.9 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Participants completed the KD (version 1) at 3 testing sessions (days 1, 30, and 45) following standard instructions. We recorded total time to complete the reading of 3 cards for each participant during each testing session. Two-way random-effects intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) using single measurements repeated over time and repeatability coefficients were calculated. Linear mixed models were used to determine whether differences existed at each testing time and to examine whether changes that took place among visits were different by sex or age.

Results:
Adolescents who completed the KD demonstrated acceptable reliability (ICC = 0.81; 95% confidence interval = 0.73, 0.87); however, the repeatability coefficient was large (±8.76 seconds). The sample demonstrated improvements between visits 1 and 2 (mean ± standard error = 4.3 ± 0.5 seconds, P &lt; .001) and between visits 2 and 3 (2.4 ± 0.5 seconds, P &lt; .001) for a total improvement of 6.9 seconds over 3 tests. No significant visit-by-sex or visit-by-age interactions were observed.

Conclusions:
Despite the ICC being clinically acceptable, providers using the KD test for serial assessment of concussion in adolescents should be cautious in interpreting the results due to a large learning effect. Incorporating multiple measures can ensure accurate detection of sport concussion.
Evolving management of insulinoma
Authors: Jyotsna Viveka P. , Pal Sujoy , Kandasamy D. , Gamanagatti S. , Garg P. K. , Raizada N. , Sahni Peush , Bal C. S. , Tandon N. , Ammini A. C. 
Published: March 2017

Background & objectives:
Since our previous study in 2006, several new modalities for localization of cause of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia such as multiphasic computed tomography (CT), multiphasic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), intraoperative ultrasound, and intra-arterial calcium infusion with arterial stimulation venous sampling (ASVS) have become available. Therefore, to evaluate the relative usefulness of various imaging modalities to guide future management in terms of diagnosis and patient care, we analyzed presentation and management of patients of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, medical records of patients admitted with endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia were retrieved. Data pertaining to clinical features, diagnosis, imaging, surgery and patient outcome were extracted. The localization of insulinoma by preoperative imaging techniques was compared with the findings at surgery to assess the accuracy of localization.

Results:
Fasting hypoglycaemia was present in all, and post-prandial hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose ≤50 mg/dl within four hours of meal) in 25.8 per cent. Mean duration of symptoms before reaching a diagnosis of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia was 3.9 years. Mean duration of provocative fast was 21.8 h (range 6-48 h). Among the currently used imaging modalities, the sensitivity of localizing tumour was 79.3 per cent for multiphasic CT, 85 per cent for multiphasic MRI and 95 per cent for EUS. EUS detected tumour missed by both CT and MRI. All, except one of the operated patients, were cured by surgery.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results suggest that patients with insulinoma have a varied presentation. Multiphasic contrast-enhanced MRI/CT scan, EUS and ASVS may be complimentary in pre-operative localization.
Comparative study of clozapine versus risperidone in treatment-naive, first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Sahni Sukhtej , Chavan B. S. , Sidana Ajeet , Kalra Priyanka , Kaur Gurjit 
Published: March 2017

Background & objectives:
Clozapine may be more useful in treatment-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia for better symptoms control and improving quality of life. The current study was carried out to compare the efficacy and tolerability of clozapine versus risperidone in treatment-naive, first-episode patients of schizophrenia.

Methods:
This was a comparative, open-label, six months prospective study of treatment-naive, first-episode patients with schizophrenia between the age group of 18 and 40 yr diagnosed as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) criteria. A total of 63 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to clozapine group or risperidone group using computer-generated random number tables. Eight patients were lost to follow up. The dosages of the respective drugs were kept in therapeutic range of 200-600 mg/day and 4-8 mg/day orally for clozapine and risperidone, respectively.

Results:
On general psychopathology score, after six months of intervention, clozapine led to 60.32 per cent mean reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for Schizophrenia total score while risperidone led to 56.35 per cent mean reduction in PANSS total score, which meant more improvement with clozapine. Clozapine group was found to have significant improvement in quality of life (P = 0.04339). On Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale, clozapine was superior to risperidone. The most common side effects observed in clozapine group were oversedation (78.96%) and dizziness (55.23%), and in risperidone group, common side effects were rigidity (62.36%), sedation (38.69%), tremors (65.69%) and menstrual irregularities in 80.25 per cent of female patients.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The findings of this preliminary study showed clozapine as a better choice than risperidone in terms of efficacy, tolerability and better quality of life in treatment-naive, first-episode schizophrenia. However, further studies need to be done on a larger group of patients to confirm the findings.
Assessment of striatal & postural deformities in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pandey Sanjay , Kumar Hitesh 
Published: March 2017

Background & objectives:
Though striatal and postural deformities are known to occur commonly in atypical Parkinsonism patients, these may also be seen in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). These are frequently misdiagnosed as joint or orthopaedic pathology leading to unnecessary investigations. This study was conducted to observe the various striatal and postural deformities among patients with PD in India.

Methods:
This study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching institute in north# India. Seventy consecutive patients with PD diagnosed as per the modified UK Brain Bank criteria were included. Various striatal (hand & foot) and postural (antecollis, camptocormia, scoliosis & Pisa syndrome) deformities and their relation with the duration of disease, severity [measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)] and levodopa intake were analyzed.

Results:
Of the 70 patients with PD, 34 (48.57%) had either striatal or postural deformities. Striatal foot was the most common deformity observed (25.71%). Camptocormia was the second most common deformity (20%). Striatal and postural deformities were seen in more advanced PD as suggested by significantly higher UPDRS and Hoehn and Yahr scale (P<0.001). Striatal deformities were more ipsilateral to PD symptom onset side (agreement 94.44%). Pisa and scoliosis concavity were more on contralateral side to PD symptoms onset side (66.67%).

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results showed that striatal and postural deformities were common and present in about half of the patients with PD. These deformities we more common in patients with advanced stage of PD.
Postprandial glycaemic response of foxtail millet dosa in comparison to a rice dosa in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Narayanan Janani , Sanjeevi Vimala , Rohini U. , Trueman Patricia , Viswanathan Vijay 
Published: March 2017

Background & objectives:
Millets are rich source of dietary fibre and non-starchy polysaccharides with low glycaemic index (GI), hence can be used as a therapeutic diet. This study was conducted to estimate the effects of a millet-based dosa (foxtail dosa) compared to a rice dosa for breakfast on postprandial glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:
The GI of rice dosa and foxtail millet dosa was estimated. A total of 105 T2DM participants were randomly selected for the study. The participants were on oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA) and not on insulin. In this study, each individual served as their own control and experimental group. The postprandial increase in blood glucose was compared after a breakfast of rice dosa and millet dosa. Single and paired t test was used to note the change in blood glucose levels and the level of the significance.

Results:
The GI of foxtail millet dosa was 59.25 and rice dosa was 77.96. There was a significant reduction (P<0.001) in the postprandial glucose level of patients who consumed a millet-based dosa when compared to those who consumed a rice-based dosa. No significant reduction was observed in the fasting glucose levels.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The results suggested that replacing a rice-based breakfast item with a millet-based breakfast item lowers the postprandial blood glucose levels in T2DM patients. Thus, millets may have a protective role in the management of hyperglycaemia. Further studies need to be done in a systematic manner to confirm these findings.