bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A concept analysis of the term migrant women in the context of pregnancy
Authors: Balaam Marie‐Clare , Haith‐Cooper Melanie , Pařízková Alena , Weckend Marina Joanna , Fleming Valerie , Roosalu Triin , Vržina Sanja Špoljar 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimThis paper explores the concept of migrant women as used in European healthcare literature in context of pregnancy to provide a clearer understanding of the concept for use in research and service delivery.MethodsWalker and Avant's method of concept analysis.ResultsThe literature demonstrates ambiguity around the concept; most papers do not provide an explicit or detailed definition of the concept. They include the basic idea that women have moved from an identifiable region/country to the country in which the research is undertaken but fail to acknowledge adequately the heterogeneity of migrant women. The paper provides a definition of the concept as a descriptive theory and argues that research must include a clear definition of the migrant specific demographics of the women. This should include country/region of origin and host, status within the legal system of host country, type of migration experience, and length of residence.ConclusionThere is a need for a more systematic conceptualization of the idea of migrant women within European literature related to pregnancy experiences and outcomes to reflect the heterogeneity of this concept. To this end, the schema suggested in this paper should be adopted in future research.
Metabolic changes in patients with prostate cancer during androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Mitsuzuka Koji , Arai Yoichi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAndrogen deprivation therapy continues to be widely used for the treatment of prostate cancer despite the appearance of new‐generation androgen‐receptor targeting drugs after 2000. Androgen deprivation therapy can alleviate symptoms in patients with metastatic prostate cancer and might have a survival benefit in some patients, but it causes undesirable changes in lipid, glucose, muscle or bone metabolism. These metabolic changes could lead to new onset or worsening of diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, sarcopenia or fracture. Several studies examining the influence of androgen deprivation therapy in Japanese patients with prostate cancer also showed that metabolic changes, such as weight gain, dyslipidemia or fat accumulation, can occur as in patients in Western countries. Efforts to decrease these unfavorable changes and events are important. First, overuse of androgen deprivation therapy for localized or elderly prostate cancer patients should be reconsidered. Second, intermittent androgen deprivation therapy might be beneficial for selected patients who suffer from impaired quality of life as a result of continuous androgen deprivation therapy. Third, education and instruction, such as diet or exercise, to decrease metabolic changes before initiating androgen deprivation therapy is important, because metabolic changes are likely to occur in the early androgen deprivation therapy period. Fourth, routine monitoring of weight, laboratory data or bone mineral density during androgen deprivation therapy are required to avoid unfavorable events.
Human parainfluenza virus infection in severe acute respiratory infection cases in Beijing, 2014‐2016: A molecular epidemiological study
Authors: Pan Yang , Zhang Yi , Shi Weixian , Peng Xiaomin , Cui Shujuan , Zhang Daitao , Lu Guilan , Liu Yimeng , Wu Shuangsheng , Yang Peng , Wang Quanyi 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory infection (SARI) threatens human health and even survival, causing a huge number of hospitalized patients every year. However, as one of the most common respiratory viruses circulated worldwide, the epidemiological and phylogenetic characteristics of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) in these cases were not well known.ObjectivesTo reveal the epidemiological features of HPIV infection in SARIs in Beijing area from September 2014 to August 2016.MethodsA total of 1229 SARI cases in Beijing area were enrolled, investigated, sampled, and tested by multiplex real‐time PCR to identify HPIVs and other common respiratory viruses. Eighteen HPIV‐3 viruses isolated from all HPIV‐positive samples in these SARI cases were sequenced and analyzed.ResultsAmong all enrolled cases, 0.81%, 0.73%, 4.48%, and 0.57% were positive for HPIV‐1 to HPIV‐4, respectively. The highest yield rate of HPIV infection occurred in children under 5 years old (9.07%), followed by the patients over 60 years old (6.02%). The phylogenetic information of HPIV‐3 showed that all viruses belonged to Cluster C3a.ConclusionsBesides the young children, the elders older than 60 years also showed a relatively high infection rate of HPIVs, which should be given comparable attentions. Moreover, the HPIV‐3 circulating in China undergoes continued evolution, suggesting the potential risk of evolved HPIV infection should not be overlooked.
Annual Research Review: Early intervention for infants and young children with, or at‐risk of, autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review
Authors: French Lorna , Kennedy Eilis M.M. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundThere has been increased interest in early screening and intervention for young children with, or at risk of, autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This has generated a debate about the potential harms versus benefits of early identification and treatment. This review aims to identify the evidence base for early intervention in ASD.MethodsA systematic review searching for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions for children up to 6 years of age with, or at risk of, ASD was undertaken. Characteristics and outcomes of included studies were collated and described in tabular format, and all included studies were rated according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.ResultsForty‐eight RCTs were identified, of which 40 were published since 2010. Most studies (n = 34) were undertaken in the United States. Included RCTs evaluated 32 different models of intervention. If blinding of participants and relevant personnel is overlooked as a source of bias, only six studies met criteria for low risk of bias across all domains of the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The majority of studies had a relatively small sample size with only seven studies having a sample size >100.ConclusionsThere has been a substantial increase in the number of RCTs evaluating early interventions in ASD. However, few studies, only 12.5% of the total, were rated as being at low risk of bias. Small sample size, unclear concealment of allocation and lack of clarity in the identification of the active ingredients in a diverse range of differently named treatment models were identified as challenges to the design, conduct and interpretation of studies. Improved co‐ordination and design of studies is, therefore, required if future research in the field is to more clearly investigate the effects of early intervention for ASD.
Structure evolution of pullulan–alginate edible films during drying studied by low‐field NMR
Authors: Xiao Qian , Zhao Zhengtao , Lim Loong‐Tak 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe evolutions of spatial structure for pullulan, alginate, and pullulan–alginate blend aqueous solutions during drying were investigated by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance. For pullulan solutions, during the first 1,320 min of drying, NMR signal intensity in profiles did not vary with position. Thereafter, the apparent shift of the air–pullulan interface began at 1,440 min, indicating the onset of progressive shrinkage of pullulan samples. Similar shrinkage phenomena were observed for alginate and pullulan–alginate blend solutions. In contrast, spatial structural heterogeneity was observed for alginate solution during drying time from 1,200 to 1,560 min, due to the formation of a skin layer near the air–alginate interface. Based on the change of polymer solutions during drying, two‐stage evaporation process was detected in the aqueous pullulan, alginate, and their blend solutions. Moreover, the evaporation rate of water during the second stage of drying was significantly lower than that of the first stage.Practical applicationsEdible films have emerged as an alternative to synthetic petroleum‐based polymers for food packaging. The evolutions of spatial structure of pullulan–alginate solutions during drying were studied by monitoring of their NMR profiles. Information shown in this study would provide some scientific basis for studying film‐forming mechanism of edible films and their applications in the food field.
Influence of elephant apple powder as an adsorbent in the regeneration of fried soybean oil: Process optimization studies
Authors: Nayak Prakash Kumar , Dash Uma , Rayaguru Kalpana , Radha krishnan Kesavan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the present work, elephant apple powder (EAP) has been characterized as an adsorbent by analyzing its properties in Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface analyser. Furthermore, the effect of EAP on the regeneration of fried soybean oil was studied by performing frying experiments with potato chips at 180 ± 5 °C for 5 hr/day in a deep fat fryer for 5 days. Oil samples were drawn periodically for evaluating the quality parameters (free fatty acid, peroxide value, iodine value, p‐anisidine value, and total polar content). The effect of process variables (contact time, heating time, and concentration of adsorbent) on the quality parameters of the fried oil was examined using response surface methodology. Results indicated that the process variables had a significant effect on the final quality of the oil. From the study, it was revealed that the quality of fried soybean oil has improved after treating with EAP.Practical applicationsThe present work provides the useful information regarding the treatment of deep fried oil using a natural adsorbent. The method used in the work is cost‐effective and regenerates oil with good quality. The method of regeneration may be utilized by small and medium scale food processors as the process is simple. The results of this study showed that elephant apple powder can be used as an adsorbent to improve the quality parameters of deep fried soybean oil.
Increased survival rates in gastric cancer, with a narrowing gender gap and widening socioeconomic status gap: A period analysis from 1984 to 2013
Authors: Sun Fengze , Sun Huanhuan , Mo Xiangqiong , Tang Jianjun , Liao Yifeng , Wang Shuncong , Su Yonghui , Ma Haiqing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground and AimGastric cancer (GC) has the fifth highest incidence rate of all cancers and has a poor prognosis. However, no recent large‐scale and long‐term studies have evaluated the incidence and survival rates of individuals with GC.MethodsIn order to explore the change of GC incidence and survival rates by age, gender, race, and socioeconomic status (SES), incidence data and survival status of patients with GC between 1984 and 2013 were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Totally, 87 242 cases of GC were exported and were analyzed.ResultsDuring these three decades, the incidence of GC was 7.4, 6.8, and 5.5 per 100 000 individuals in each decade. The 1‐year relative survival rates (RSRs) improved from 42.4% to 44.3% to 49.0% (P < 0.0001), with a larger increase seen in the third decade. However, the long‐term survival rates remained low (from 17.8% to 20.3% to 22.9% for the 5‐year RSRs, P < 0.0001; from 14.1% to 16.4% to 18.6% for the 10‐year RSRs, P < 0.0001).ConclusionOur analysis demonstrated the decreased incidence and increased survival rate of GC. In addition, lower SES was associated with lower survival rates. It is notable that others (primarily for Asians) had the highest incidence rate but had better outcomes than Whites and Blacks.
Living with a resected rectum after rectal cancer surgery—Struggling not to let bowel function control life
Authors: Reinwalds Maria , Blixter Andrea , Carlsson Eva 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectiveTo illuminate what it means to live with a resected rectum due to rectal cancer, after reversal of a temporary loop ileostomy.BackgroundToday, treatment for rectal cancer is performed with increasing emphasis on sphincter‐saving surgery, meaning that an anterior resection often includes construction of a temporary loop ileostomy that is later reversed. The majority of patients will subsequently have disordered bowel function, with symptoms ranging from urgency to faecal incontinence. The symptoms are thought to decrease over time, reaching a plateau 1 year after surgery. There is a lack of knowledge about patients’ lived experience after 1 year.DesignAn explorative qualitative study.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted with ten participants, 12–20 months after surgical closure of a temporary loop ileostomy following rectal cancer surgery. The transcribed interviews were analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutical method.ResultsThe thematic structural analysis resulted in three themes: living with uncertainty, struggling to live with altered bowel function and a preoccupation with bowel function. In the comprehensive understanding, a deeper overall understanding emerged, illuminating that the meaning of living with a resected rectum could be interpreted as being resilient.ConclusionsThe participants’ lived experiences were understood as being resilient in that they struggled with the uncertainty and adversity of living with an unpredictable bowel, which was a constantly preoccupation and affected every aspect of life. The participants had not yet adapted to their situation but were struggling in solitude to get there, with little or no help from healthcare professionals.Relevance to clinical practiceThe insight from this study highlights the importance of patients being systematically examined and followed up in regard to functional results and impact of symptoms on everyday life. Treatment, information, advice and counselling should be given to promote adaption to the new situation.
Association of spiritual/religious coping with depressive symptoms in high‐ and low‐risk pregnant women
Authors: Vitorino Luciano M , Chiaradia Raíssa , Low Gail , Cruz Jonas Preposi , Pargament Kenneth I , Lucchetti Alessandra L G , Lucchetti Giancarlo 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the role of spiritual/religious coping (SRC) on depressive symptoms in high‐ and low‐risk pregnant women.BackgroundSpiritual/religious coping is associated with physical and mental health outcomes. However, only few studies investigated the role of these strategies during pregnancy and whether low‐ and high‐risk pregnant women have different coping mechanisms.DesignThis study is a cross‐sectional comparative study.MethodsThis study included a total of 160 pregnant women, 80 with low‐risk pregnancy and 80 with high‐risk pregnancy. The Beck Depression Inventory, the brief SRC scale and a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic and obstetric aspects were used. General linear model regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with positive and negative SRC strategies in both groups of pregnant women.ResultsPositive SRC use was high, whereas negative SRC use was low in both groups. Although we found no difference in SRC strategies between the two groups, negative SRC was associated with depression in women with high‐risk pregnancy, but not in those with low‐risk pregnancy. Furthermore, positive SRC was not associated with depressive symptoms in both groups.ConclusionsResults showed that only the negative SRC strategies of Brazilian women with high‐risk pregnancies were associated with worsened mental health outcomes.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals, obstetricians and nurse midwives should focus on the use of negative SRC strategies in their pregnant patients.
Health education and competency scale: Development and testing
Authors: Hwang Huei‐Lih , Kuo Mei‐Ling , Tu Chin‐Tang 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectiveTo develop a tool for measuring competency in conducting health education and to evaluate its psychometric properties in a population of entry‐level nurses.BackgroundUntil now, no generic instrument has been developed specifically for measuring competency in health education, which is an essential competency for nurses. Existing scales are either insufficient for psychometric evaluation or are designed specifically for senior nurses. To evaluate curricula and courses designed for entry‐level nurses, educators require an instrument for measuring improvement in core competency from baseline to determine whether the minimum level of ability has been achieved.DesignItem development for the survey instrument used for data collection in this study was based on the results of a literature review.MethodsThe self‐evaluated Health Education Competency Scale developed in this study was used to survey 457 nursing students at two nursing schools and 165 clinical nurses at a medical centre in south Taiwan in 2016. The participants were randomly divided into two equal groups. One group was analysed by exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation, and one group was analysed by confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsFactor analysis yielded a four‐factor (assessment, pedagogy, motivation and empowerment) solution (18 items) that accounted for 75.9% of the variance.ConclusionThe total scale and subscales had good reliabilities and construct validity coefficients. For measuring competency in entry‐level nurses, the Health Education Competency Scale had a good data fit and sound psychometric properties.Relevance to clinical practiceThe proposed scale can be used to assess health education competency for college nursing students and practising nurses. Furthermore, it can provide educators with valuable insight into the minimum competencies required for entry‐level nurses to deliver quality health care to clients and can guide them in the practice of client‐based teaching.
Ethical issues in palliative care for nursing homes: Development and testing of a survey instrument
Authors: Preshaw Deborah HL , McLaughlin Dorry , Brazil Kevin 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesTo develop and psychometrically assess a survey instrument identifying ethical issues during palliative care provision in nursing homes.BackgroundRegistered nurses and healthcare assistants have reported ethical issues in everyday palliative care provision. Identifying these issues provides evidence to inform practice development to support healthcare workers.DesignCross‐sectional survey of Registered nurses and healthcare assistants in nursing homes in one region of the UK.MethodA survey instrument, “Ethical issues in Palliative Care for Nursing homes”, was developed through the findings of qualitative interviews with Registered nurses and healthcare assistants in nursing homes and a literature review. It was reviewed by an expert panel and piloted prior to implementation in a survey in 2015 with a convenience sample of 596 Registered nurses and healthcare assistants. Descriptive and exploratory factor analyses were used to assess the underlying structure of the Frequency and Distress Scales within the instrument.ResultsAnalysis of 201 responses (response rate = 33.7%) revealed four factors for the Frequency Scale and five factors for the Distress Scale that comprise the Ethical issues in Palliative Care for Nursing homes. Factors common to both scales included “Processes of care,” “Resident autonomy” and “Burdensome treatment.” Additionally, the Frequency Scale included “Competency,” and the Distress Scale included “Quality of care” and “Communication.”ConclusionThe Ethical issues in Palliative Care for Nursing homes instrument has added to the palliative care knowledge base by considering the ethical issues experienced specifically by Registered nurses and healthcare assistants within the nursing home. This research offers preliminary evidence of the psychometric properties of the Ethical issues in Palliative Care for Nursing homes survey instrument.Relevance to practiceThe two largest factors highlight the need to address the organisational aspects of caring and provide training in negotiating conflicting ethical principles.
Nursing staff intentions towards managing deteriorating health in nursing homes: A convergent parallel mixed‐methods study using the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: O'Neill Barbara J. , Dwyer Trudy , Reid‐Searl Kerry , Parkinson Lynne 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesTo predict the factors that are most important in explaining nursing staff intentions towards early detection of the deteriorating health of a resident and providing subacute care in the nursing home setting.BackgroundNursing staff play a pivotal role in managing the deteriorating resident and determining whether the resident needs to be transferred to hospital or remain in the nursing home; however, there is a dearth of literature that explains the factors that influence their intentions. This information is needed to underpin hospital avoidance programs that aim to enhance nursing confidence and skills in this area.DesignA convergent parallel mixed‐methods study, using the theory of planned behaviour as a framework.MethodsSurveys and focus groups were conducted with nursing staff (n = 75) at a 94‐bed nursing home at two points in time, prior to and following the implementation of a hospital avoidance program. The quantitative and qualitative data were analysed separately and merged during final analysis.ResultsNursing staff had strong intentions, a positive attitude that became significantly more positive with the hospital avoidance program in place, and a reasonable sense of control; however, the influence of important referents was the strongest predictor of intention towards managing residents with deteriorating health. Support from a hospital avoidance program empowered staff and increased confidence to intervene.ConclusionThe theory of planned behaviour served as an effective framework for identifying the strong influence referents had on nursing staff intentions around managing residents with deteriorating health. Although nursing staff had a reasonable sense of control over this area of their work, they believed they benefitted from a hospital avoidance program initiated by the nursing home.Relevance to clinical practiceManagers implementing hospital avoidance programs should consider the role of referents, appraise the known barriers and facilitators and take steps to identify those unique to their local situation. All levels of nursing staff play a role in preventing hospitalisation and should be consulted in the design, implementation and evaluation of any hospital avoidance strategies.