bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti–PD-1 Antibody Treatment Promotes Clearance of Persistent Cryptococcal Lung Infection in Mice
Authors: Roussey Jonathan A. , Viglianti Steven P. , Teitz-Tennenbaum Seagal , Olszewski Michal A. , Osterholzer John J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Activation of immunomodulatory pathways in response to invasive fungi can impair clearance and promote persistent infections. The programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) signaling pathway inhibits immune effector responses against tumors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors that block this pathway are being increasingly used as cancer therapy. The objective of this study was to investigate whether this pathway contributes to persistent fungal infection and to determine whether anti–PD-1 Ab treatment improves fungal clearance. Studies were performed using C57BL/6 mice infected with a moderately virulent strain of Cryptococcus neoformans (52D), which resulted in prolonged elevations in fungal burden and histopathologic evidence of chronic lung inflammation. Persistent infection was associated with increased and sustained expression of PD-1 on lung lymphocytes, including a mixed population of CD4+ T cells. In parallel, expression of the PD-1 ligands, PD-1 ligands 1 and 2, was similarly upregulated on specific subsets of resident and recruited lung dendritic cells and macrophages. Treatment of persistently infected mice for 4 wk by repetitive administration of neutralizing anti–PD-1 Ab significantly improved pulmonary fungal clearance. Treatment was well tolerated without evidence of morbidity. Immunophenotyping revealed that anti–PD-1 Ab treatment did not alter immune effector cell numbers or myeloid cell activation. Treatment did reduce gene expression of IL-5 and IL-10 by lung leukocytes and promoted sustained upregulation of OX40 by Th1 and Th17 cells. Collectively, this study demonstrates that PD-1 signaling promotes persistent cryptococcal lung infection and identifies this pathway as a potential target for novel immune-based treatments of chronic fungal disease.
Constitutive Activation of Integrin α9 Augments Self-Directed Hyperplastic and Proinflammatory Properties of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Emori Takashi , Hirose Jun , Ise Kotoko , Yomoda Jun-ichiro , Kasahara Michiko , Shinkuma Tadanobu , Yoshitomi Hiroyuki , Ito Hiromu , Hashimoto Motomu , Sugahara Shingo , Fujita Hirotada , Yamamoto Nobuchika , Morita Yoshiaki , Narumiya Shuh , Aramori Ichiro 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), currently approved medications can have significant side effects due to their direct immunosuppressive activities. Additionally, current therapies do not address residual synovial inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the role of integrin α9 and its ligand, tenascin-C (Tn-C), on the proliferative and inflammatory response of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from RA patients grown in three-dimensional (3D)–micromass culture. FLSs from osteoarthritis patients, when grown in the 3D-culture system, formed self-directed lining-like structures, whereas FLSs from RA tissues (RA-FLSs) developed an abnormal structure of condensed cellular accumulation reflective of the pathogenic features of RA synovial tissues. Additionally, RA-FLSs grown in 3D culture showed autonomous production of proinflammatory mediators. Predominant expression of α9 and Tn-C was observed in the condensed lining, and knockdown of these molecules abrogated the abnormal lining-like structure formation and suppressed the spontaneous expression of matrix metalloproteinases, IL-6, TNFSF11/RANKL, and cadherin-11. Disruption of α9 also inhibited expression of Tn-C, suggesting existence of a positive feedback loop in which the engagement of α9 with Tn-C self-amplifies its own signaling and promotes progression of synovial hyperplasia. Depletion of α9 also suppressed the platelet-derived growth factor–induced hyperplastic response of RA-FLSs and blunted the TNF-α–induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases and IL-6. Finally, α9-blocking Ab also suppressed the formation of the condensed cellular lining by RA-FLSs in 3D cultures in a concentration-related manner. This study demonstrates the central role of α9 in pathogenic behaviors of RA-FLSs and highlights the potential of α9-blocking agents as a nonimmunosuppressive treatment for RA-associated synovitis.
Three-step in vitro maturation culture of bovine oocytes imitating temporal changes of estradiol-17&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; and progesterone concentrations in preovulatory follicular fluid
Authors: Matsuo Minami , Sumitomo Kazuma , Ogino Chihiro , Gunji Yosuke , Nishimura Ryo , Hishinuma Mitsugu 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The objective of the article is to evaluate the effect of three-step in vitro maturation (IVM) culture system imitating estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations in preovulatory follicles on in vitro bovine embryo production. The cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from follicles (2 to 8 mm in diameter) of bovine ovaries obtained from a local slaughterhouse. For IVM, the COCs were cultured for 22 h in a three-step system: (1) culture in medium 199, containing 700 ng mL−1 E2 and 50 ng mL−1 P4, for 5 h, followed by the medium containing 150 ng mL−1 E2 and 150 ng mL−1 P4 for 11 h, and then the medium containing 20 ng mL−1 E2 and 300 ng mL−1 P4 for 6 h (EP group); (2) culture in the medium containing 700 ng mL−1 E2 for 5 h, followed by the medium containing 150 ng mL−1 E2 for 11 h, and then the medium containing 20 ng mL−1 E2 for 6 h (E group); or (3) culture in the medium containing 50 ng mL−1 P4 for 5 h, followed by the medium containing 150 ng mL−1 P4 for 11 h, and then the medium containing 300 ng mL−1 P4 for 6 h (P group). The COCs were cultured in the medium containing 1000 ng mL−1 E2 for 22 h (control group). After IVM, the COCs were co-incubated with sperm and further cultured. At 48 h after insemination, the cleavage rate of embryos was not different among the groups. At 192 h after insemination, the blastocyst formation rate of EP group was significantly higher than that of the other groups. The total cell number of blastocysts did not differ among the groups. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the three-step IVM culture system of bovine oocytes imitating temporal changes of E2 and P4 concentrations in preovulatory follicular fluid improves the developmental potential of embryos in vitro.
Design of an ozone and nitrogen dioxide sensor unit and its long-term operation within a sensor network in the city of Zurich
Authors: Mueller Michael , Meyer Jonas , Hueglin Christoph 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. This study focuses on the investigation and quantification of low-cost sensor performance in application fields such as the extension of traditional air quality monitoring networks or the replacement of diffusion tubes. For this, sensor units consisting of two boxes featuring NO2 and O3 low-cost sensors and wireless data transfer were engineered. The sensor units were initially operated at air quality monitoring sites for 3 months for performance analysis and initial calibration. Afterwards, they were relocated and operated within a sensor network consisting of six locations for more than 1 year. Our analyses show that the employed O3 and NO2 sensors can be accurate to 2–5 and 5–7 ppb, respectively, during the first 3 months of operation. This accuracy, however, could not be maintained during their operation within the sensor network related to changes in sensor behaviour. For most of the O3 sensors a decrease in sensitivity was encountered over time, clearly impacting the data quality. The NO2 low-cost sensors in our configuration exhibited better performance but did not reach the accuracy level of NO2 diffusion tubes (∼ 2 ppb for uncorrected 14-day average concentrations). Tests in the laboratory revealed that changes in relative humidity can impact the signal of the employed NO2 sensors similarly to changes in ambient NO2 concentration. All the employed low-cost sensors need to be individually calibrated. Best performance of NO2 sensors is achieved when the calibration models also include time-dependent parameters accounting for changes in sensor response over time. Accordingly, an effective procedure for continuous data control and correction is essential for obtaining meaningful data. It is demonstrated that linking the measurements from low-cost sensors to the high-quality measurements from routine air quality monitoring stations is an effective procedure for both tasks provided that time periods can be identified when pollutant concentrations can be accurately predicted at sensor locations.
Bedload transport measurements with impact plate geophones in two Austrian mountain streams (Fischbach and Ruetz): system calibration, grain size estimation, and environmental signal pick-up
Authors: Rickenmann Dieter , Fritschi Bruno 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The Swiss plate geophone system is a bedload surrogate measuring technique that has been installed in more than 20 streams, primarily in the European Alps. Here we report about calibration measurements performed in two mountain streams in Austria. The Fischbach and Ruetz gravel-bed streams are characterized by important runoff and bedload transport during the snowmelt season. A total of 31 (Fischbach) and 21 (Ruetz) direct bedload samples were obtained during a 6-year period. Using the number of geophone impulses and total transported bedload mass for each measurement to derive a calibration function results in a strong linear relation for the Fischbach, whereas there is only a poor linear calibration relation for the Ruetz measurements. Instead, using geophone impulse rates and bedload transport rates indicates that two power law relations best represent the Fischbach data, depending on transport intensity; for lower transport intensities, the same power law relation is also in reasonable agreement with the Ruetz data. These results are compared with data and findings from other field sites and flume studies. We further show that the observed coarsening of the grain size distribution with increasing bedload flux can be qualitatively reproduced from the geophone signal, when using the impulse counts along with amplitude information. Finally, we discuss implausible geophone impulse counts that were recorded during periods with smaller discharges without any bedload transport, and that are likely caused by vehicle movement very near to the measuring sites.
Analysis of streamflow response to land use and land cover changes using satellite data and hydrological modelling: case study of Dinder and Rahad tributaries of the Blue Nile (Ethiopia–Sudan)
Authors: Hassaballah Khalid , Mohamed Yasir , Uhlenbrook Stefan , Biro Khalid 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Understanding the land use and land cover changes (LULCCs) and their implication on surface hydrology of the Dinder and Rahad basins (D&amp;R, approximately 77 504 km2) is vital for the management and utilization of water resources in the basins. Although there are many studies on LULCC in the Blue Nile Basin, specific studies on LULCC in the D&amp;R are still missing. Hence, its impact on streamflow is unknown. The objective of this paper is to understand the LULCC in the Dinder and Rahad and its implications on streamflow response using satellite data and hydrological modelling. The hydrological model has been derived by different sets of land use and land cover maps from 1972, 1986, 1998 and 2011. Catchment topography, land cover and soil maps are derived from satellite images and serve to estimate model parameters. Results of LULCC detection between 1972 and 2011 indicate a significant decrease in woodland and an increase in cropland. Woodland decreased from 42 to 14 % and from 35 to 14 % for Dinder and Rahad, respectively. Cropland increased from 14 to 47 % and from 18 to 68 % in Dinder and Rahad, respectively. The model results indicate that streamflow is affected by LULCC in both the Dinder and the Rahad rivers. The effect of LULCC on streamflow is significant during 1986 and 2011. This could be attributed to the severe drought during the mid-1980s and the recent large expansion in cropland.
The grain size(s) of Black Hills Quartzite deformed in the dislocation creep regime
Authors: Heilbronner Renée , Kilian Rüdiger 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. General shear experiments on Black Hills Quartzite (BHQ) deformed in the dislocation creep regimes 1 to 3 have been previously analyzed using the CIP method (Heilbronner and Tullis, 2002, 2006). They are reexamined using the higher spatial and orientational resolution of EBSD. Criteria for coherent segmentations based on c-axis orientation and on full crystallographic orientations are determined. Texture domains of preferred c-axis orientation (Y and B domains) are extracted and analyzed separately. Subdomains are recognized, and their shape and size are related to the kinematic framework and the original grains in the BHQ. Grain size analysis is carried out for all samples, high- and low-strain samples, and separately for a number of texture domains. When comparing the results to the recrystallized quartz piezometer of Stipp and Tullis (2003), it is found that grain sizes are consistently larger for a given flow stress. It is therefore suggested that the recrystallized grain size also depends on texture, grain-scale deformation intensity, and the kinematic framework (of axial vs. general shear experiments).
Incompatibilidade medicamentosa em terapia intensiva: revisão sobre as implicações para a prática de enfermagem
Authors: Paes Graciele Oroski , Moreira Samara Oliveira , Moreira Maiara Benevides , Martins Tamiris Gonçalves 
Published: October 2017

Revisão integrativa de literatura realizada em sete bases de dados, com objetivo de analisar a produção científica sobre as potenciais incompatibilidades medicamentosas em terapia intensiva e mapear os medicamentos incompatíveis de maior prevalência descritos na literatura. Os filtros aplicados foram: artigos disponíveis na íntegra, publicações do período de 2009 a 2016 nos idiomas português, inglês e/ou espanhol, totalizando 11 artigos ao término da seleção. A partir da revisão, observou-se que os medicamentos fenitoína e pantoprazol são os principais responsáveis pelas incompatibilidades medicamentosas nas unidades de terapia intensiva. O bloqueio das incompatibilidades pode ser realizado por meio de medidas simples implementadas rotineiramente pela enfermagem, tais como o aprazamento de medicamentos otimizado, a administração em vias venosas separadas de medicamentos sabidamente incompatíveis, a padronização da forma de diluição e administração de medicamentos, focando, principalmente, nos medicamentos incompatíveis de maior prevalência encontrados no estudo.
Fatores de risco associados a quedas em idosas: um enfoque preventivo
Authors: Lacet Vieira José Newton , Rêgo Adriana Sousa , Giani Tania Santos , Dapueto Juan José 
Published: October 2017

As quedas são reconhecidas como um importante problema de saúde pública entre os idosos, devido à frequência, à morbidade e ao elevado custo social e econômico. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar
fatores associados com o alto risco de quedas em idosas com bom nível de cognição e equilíbrio de maneira a incluí-las em um programa de fisioterapia preventiva. Pesquisa descritiva, transversal, envolveu sessenta idosas, no município de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Foram aplicados três instrumentos validados no Brasil: o questionário de histórico de quedas, a entrevista Efficacy Scale - International Among Elderly Brazilians (FES-I-Brasil) e o questionário PROMIS Global Health, para avaliar a força muscular, o dinamômetro. Idosas que não sofreram quedas nos últimos seis meses apresentaram maior força muscular dos grupos quadríceps e extensores do tronco e menor medo de quedas, quando comparadas com as que sofreram quedas (t test p≤0,001). Houve correlação significativa negativa entre medo de quedas e força
muscular máxima dos grupos extensores do tronco (Spearman rho= -0,546, p
Poznámky ke stavu oboru ústavního práva a státovědy
Authors: Kysela Jan 
Published: October 2017

Článek je příspěvkem k vymezování hranic a stavu oboru ústavního práva a státovědy. Nastiňuje míru propojení ústavního práva a politiky, jež má dopady na metodologii přístupu k ústavnímu právu. Dále poukazuje na dvě tradiční části ústavního práva, organickou a lidskoprávní, a upozorňuje jednak na proměny jejich poměru, jednak na zvyšující se míru konstitucionalizace společenských vztahů a její dopady. V poslední části poukazuje na typická témata současné nauky ústavního práva a podrobněji se věnuje lidským právům (hegemonie) a soudům (dalekosáhlá judicializace).
Politika: vôľa k moci či vôľa k spoločnému dobru?
Authors: Káčer Marek 
Published: October 2017

Tento text prezentuje politiku ako úsilie o dosiahnutie moci a ako úsilie o dosiahnutie spoločného dobra, a to s implikáciami pre tvorbu práva, pre obsadzovanie verejných funkcií a pre hodnotenie právnych a politických názorov vyslovených vo verejnom priestore. Autor si kladie otázku, či poňatie politiky v druhom z menovaných významov nie je len reliktom klasického politického myslenia, ktorý nemá v súčasnosti žiadne uplatnenie nielen kvôli praktickým ťažkostiam spojeným s hľadaním a presadzovaním spoločného dobra, ale aj kvôli sociálnym štruktúram, v ktorých sa politika odohráva a ktoré nabádajú politických aktérov, aby nakoniec uprednostnili skôr svoje vlastné mocenské záujmy.
Veřejný zájem a transparentnost v mezinárodní obchodní arbitráži
Authors: Drličková Klára 
Published: October 2017

Cílem tohoto článku je analýza otázky transparentnosti v mezinárodní obchodní arbitráži. Článek směřuje zejména k zodpovězení otázky, zda existuje veřejný zájem na systematickém zveřejňování rozhodčích nálezů. V úvodu je stručně shrnut současný stav neveřejnosti a důvěrnosti v mezinárodní obchodní arbitráži. Neveřejnost je v mezinárodní obchodní arbitráži mezinárodně uznávaná. V případě důvěrnosti, resp. mlčenlivosti v současné době jednotná koncepce neexistuje. Problematická je zejména existence povinnosti stran zachovat mlčenlivost. Její existence, rozsah a výjimky z ní se mohou lišit stát od státu. K prolomení mlčenlivosti může dojít i z důvodu veřejného zájmu. V mezinárodní obchodní arbitráži jsme svědky trendu směrem k vyšší míře transparentnosti. Nelze ovšem uvažovat o široce koncipované transparentnosti ve smyslu prolomení neveřejnosti, široké účasti třetích osob či přístupu veřejnosti ke všem dokumentům. Existuje však veřejný zájem na zveřejňování rozhodčích nálezů. U způsobu zveřejnění je nutné vzít v potaz zájem stran na zachování důvěrnosti rozhodčího nálezu.
Uplatnění správního uvážení a problematika výkladu neurčitých právních pojmů v případě bezprostředních zásahů realizovaných Policií České republiky
Authors: Všetička Pavel 
Published: October 2017

Správní uvážení, neboli „diskreční pravomoc“, podobně jako výklad tzv. „neurčitých právních pojmů“, představuje významné oprávnění orgánů veřejné správy. Přestože jsou obě tato oprávnění již tradičně spojována především s rozhodovací činností orgánů veřejné správy probíhající v rámci správního řízení při vydávání individuálních správních aktů, je nepochybné, že v souvislosti s plněním svých úkolů těchto oprávnění pravidelně využívají též příslušníci bezpečnostních sborů. Neboť v případě realizace bezprostředních zásahů musí zasahující orgán na místě zákroku nejprve vyhodnotit veškeré okolnosti, a poté rozhodnout o použití jednoho z několika možných prostředků, které mu zákon pro řešení dané situace dává k dispozici. V předkládaném článku se zabývám otázkou, jakým způsobem a do jaké míry se v rámci bezprostředních zásahů uplatní institut správního uvážení, jakož i výklad neurčitých právních pojmů.
Saúde Mental na Atenção Básica: estratégias e potencialidades para o fortalecimento do cuidado no território
Authors: Ávila Marciele Barcelos , Siniak Débora Schlotefeldt 
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: identificar as ações de saúde mental desenvolvidas em uma Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: trata-se de um de estudo qualitativo. A coleta de dados ocorreu por intermédio de uma entrevista no período de abril à maio de 2016. Os dados foram analisados conforme análise de conteúdo. O cenário da pesquisa foi uma Estratégia Saúde da Família de um município da Fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. Participaram do estudo quinze profissionais. Resultados: a utilização das tecnologias leves, visitas domiciliares, interação com a população, a característica humanizada da equipe e proximidade com a Universidade foram destacadas pelos profissionais como importantes estratégias para o cuidado em Saúde mental no território. Conclusão: pode-se constatar que a implementação de diversas ações em Saúde mental vem ocorrendo gradualmente na Atenção Básica. Porém, mais estudos sobre o tema precisam ser desenvolvidos.
Freelancers or "public intellectuals"? Professional identity and discursive representation of Chinese independent media writers in a fast-changing landscape
Authors: Emma Lupano  
Published: October 2017

Freelance journalists in China emerged in the early 2000s as a much-needed professional entity in a sector that had changed significantly since the media reform was launched in the country in 1978. When Chinese newspapers, which formerly survived thanks to state funds, had to adopt a business mindset, freelance writers became necessary to sustain these changes. They contributed in particular to the diffusion and standardization of the genre of the “commentary on current affairs” (shiping 时评), establishing themselves as new and original voices in a media system that is still tightly controlled. Building on an analysis of the linguistic features of a corpus of qualitative interviews conducted with Chinese freelance writers between 2008 and 2015, this paper studies their self-representation and understanding of their mission, discussing the extent to which they believe their independent opinions matter in the public arena, in a context that has been changing quickly, due to the decline of print media and due to a new political environment.
Developing a New Approach to Managing and Mediating Conflicts
Authors: Giulia Adriana Pennisi  
Published: October 2017

Generally speaking, words can be elusive and they need to be carefully selected when conveying messages, ideas and proposals between parties. This is all the more evident in mediation process as language has to be neutral and mediators should avoid expressions directing parties. In this regard, recent theoretical developments in postmodern social theory and the social constructionist movement in the social sciences and humanities have provided the field of alternative dispute resolution with a new approach to managing and mediating conflicts. These developments are organized around the ‘narrative approach’ which helps us to see how the language we use to describe and understand our conflicts are is operative in constructing an image in our minds of the conflict itself. The research conducted in this paper is in line with the theoretical principles behind the narrative mediation. By reframing the discourses surrounding the conflict situation, the analysis demonstrates that mediators might become aware of the peculiarities of mediation discourse and might be able to adapt the process to meet the particular circumstances in a knowledgeable way.