bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of systems for plasma activated water (PAW) for agri-food applications
Authors: Misra N N , Naladala Tejas , Alzahrani Khalid J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This review explores the engineering and design aspects of plasma activated water (PAW) systems, focusing on their application in food safety and agriculture. This review aims to bridge the gap between research and practical application, paving the way for the development of robust and efficient PAW systems for enhancing food safety and agricultural productivity. By examining a variety of activation methods, including direct gas ionization, underwater discharges, and dynamic interactions of ionized gases with liquids, this work discusses the mechanical designs that facilitate these processes, highlighting their scalability and efficiency. The discussion is grounded in a comprehensive relevant scientific and patent literature, offering a critical overview of the systems’ design parameters that influence the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). The designs reported in literature have employed three major approaches, viz. direct underwater discharges, gas ionization followed by introduction of plasma into the liquid, creation of gas liquid mixtures and subsequent ionization. The laboratory systems have relied on natural convective diffusion of the RONS into water, while most of the patents advocate use of forced convective diffusion of RONS to increase transfer rates. Despite widespread laboratory-scale research in PAW, the transition to industrial-scale systems remains underexplored.
Enhanced vibration energy harvesting from coupled pendulums through inertial amplifiers
Authors: Kattimani R S , Malaji P V , Chappar S S , Adhikari S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Achieving higher power output across a broader frequency spectrum presents a significant challenge for vibration energy harvesters aimed at powering low-powered devices from ambient sources. This study introduces the novel concept of employing inertial amplifiers to couple mistuned pendulum electromagnetic harvesters for enhanced energy harvesting performance. A mathematical model elucidating the inertial amplifier mechanism is developed, and analytical results are compared against conventional uncoupled harvesters. Experimental studies demonstrated up to 1.8 times higher power output and a 2-fold increase in operational frequency bandwidth compared to uncoupled harvesters when employing inertial amplifier coupling. The proposed inertially coupled harvester design offers a powerful solution to significantly improve energy transduction levels and extend the viable frequency range, enabling efficient scavenging of ambient vibrations for powering wireless sensors and low-power electronics.
Programming the deformation of the temperature driven spiral structure in 4D printing
Authors: Lin Liulan , Yan Jiajie , Qiu Shaolong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Achieving shape programming of 4D printed actuators by varying the manufacturing process parameters. In this study, the effect of different path combinations on structural deformation was investigated. By altering the driving layer, passive layer, and grid angle, the spiral deformation direction of the double-layer structure was precisely controlled. Additionally, a finite element analysis model was established to predict the deformation behavior of PLA-based spiral structures. Furthermore, the influence of printing speed, nozzle temperature, line width, layer height, and plate temperature on the spiral curvature of the structure was examined. The results show that increasing printing speed and plate temperature can improve the spiral behavior of the structure, whereas increasing line width, layer height, and nozzle temperature have opposite effects. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted on the five printing parameters to predict their influence on the spiral curvature of the structure, and a predictive model for the spiral deformation was developed. The structure was partitioned for design purposes, aiming to achieve diverse deformations of the actuator under the same geometric configuration. A loop-shaped actuator was designed to capture objects. The results showed that the path combination determined the spiral direction of the actuator, while the forming parameters effectively controlled the spiral curvature of the actuator.
On the interpretation of mean-square displacement in heterogeneous systems
Authors: Li Ming-Gen , Xing Rui , Fan Li-Ming , Hu Meng , Bao Jing-Dong , Li Peng-Cheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
When dealing with heterogeneous systems, interpreting the mean-square displacement (MSD) data appropriately is crucial. This is due to the limitation that the various interpretations of stochastic differential equations with state-dependent diffusivity may yield the same MSD data, leading to erroneous conclusions. Aided by analytical MSD solutions supported by Langevin simulations, we explore this limitation in diffusion processes exhibiting power-law state-dependent diffusivity,

D
0

|

x

/

L

|

−
2
μ

, with diffusion constant D
0 and scaling index µ. We find that distinct interpretations leading to same MSD data possess different D
0 values. A method is introduced to discern these D
0-dependent interpretations. When applying the method to subdiffusion MSD data, we observe interpretation transitions depending on the value of the anomalous diffusion coefficient. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these D
0-dependent interpretations respond diversely to memory effects, which may also be used to decide on the interpretation of MSD data. We believe that these findings offer insights for interpreting MSD data in heterogeneous systems.
The electrodynamic analysis and manipulation of PEGDA semicircular tubular structures based on optically induced dielectrophoresis
Authors: Yang Wenguang , Wang Wenhao , Teng Xiangyu , Qiao Zezheng , Yu Haibo , Cai Shuxiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The manipulation of micron-scale semicircular tubular structures has wide applications in micro-nano processing, device manufacturing, biomedicine, and micron sensing and measurement. Here, we propose a method to fabricate and manipulate semicircular tubular structures based on optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP). First, electric field intensity simulations are performed for polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) semicircular tubular structures with different conductivities and of different heights. In addition, the polarization model based on slender rods reveals that the semicircular tubular structure is subject to a negative dielectrophoretic force and tends to move along the vertical direction of the central axis. Finally, according to the maximum movement speed of the semicircular tubular structure, the resistance and dielectrophoretic force it receives are characterized. This allows for the realization of the translation and rotation operations of semicircular tubular structures of different lengths, and the assembly of multiple structures into different shapes. This assembly method holds significant promise for applications in biomedicine and the manufacturing and processing of micro-nano devices.
Investigation into geometric configurations and electronic properties of CeO2-supported gold clusters
Authors: Shu Pengli , Tian Xin , Guo Qiang , Ren Xiaosen , Zhao Bohui , Wen Huanfei , Tang Jun , Li Yanjun , Yasuhiro Sugawara , Ma Zongmin , Liu Jun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A detailed understanding of the geometric structure and electronic properties of gold nanoparticles on the ceria surface is crucial for comprehending their unique catalytic activity. Using the first-principles method based on density functional theory, the adsorption of Aux (x = 1–4) clusters on the CeO2(111) surface was studied. It was discovered that the standing configurations of Au2 and Au3, as well as the tetrahedral structure of Au4, are the most stable adsorption structures. The stability of these configurations is jointly determined by the number and strength of Au-Au bonds, the Au-O bonding energy, and the interaction dynamics between the clusters and the substrate. The analysis of Bader charge, difference charge density and density of states suggested that lattice relaxation and electronic localization occur in the reduced Ce3+. The reduced amount and location of Ce3+ are significantly influenced by the position and charge transfer amount of Aux cluster. The adsorption of CO on Au4/CeO2(111) indicated that stronger Au-C bonding energy due to the hybridization of Au-5d and C-2p, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity for CO oxidation reactions.
A study on the synthesis of superheavy element Mc (Z = 115) using lead, bismuth and actinide targets
Authors: Safoora V , Jose Tinu Ann , Santhosh K P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The evaporation residue cross sections in synthesizing isotopes of superheavy element Mc (Z = 115) by the hot fusion reactions 48Ca+241,243Am→289,291Mc, 45Sc+240,242,244Pu→285,287,289Mc, 50Ti+236,237Np→286,287Mc, 51V+238U→289Mc, 36S+253Es→289Mc, 46K+248Cm→294Mc, and by the cold fusion reactions 78As+208Pb→286Mc, 76Ge+209Bi→285Mc have been systematically investigated using the phenomenological model for production cross section. We have predicted the most effective projectile-target combinations for synthesizing Mc isotopes among these reactions. Our result shows that the 3n- channel cross section is larger for the reaction 48Ca+243Am→291Mc, and the 4n- channel cross section is larger for the reaction 46K+248Cm→294Mc. This study also examines the effect of the use of mass values and shell corrections by the Möller and Warsaw groups. Using our predicted combinations and the cross section values at a range of excitation energies, we hope these isotopes of Mc can be synthesized in near-future experiments.
Cosmological probes of Dark Radiation from Neutrino Mixing
Authors: Allali Itamar J. , Aloni Daniel , Schöneberg Nils 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Models of stepped dark radiation have recently been found to have an important impact on
the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background, aiding in easing the Hubble tension. In this
work, we study models with a sector of dark radiation with a step in its abundance, which
thermalizes after big bang nucleosynthesis by mixing with the standard model neutrinos. For this,
we extend an earlier work which has focused on the background evolution only until the dark sector
thermalizes by deriving the full background and perturbation equations of the model and
implementing them in an Einstein-Boltzmann solving code. We expound on the behavior of this model,
discussing the wide range of parameters that result in interesting and viable cosmologies that
dynamically generate dark radiation during a range of epochs. We find that for the strongly
self-coupled regime, there is no large cosmological impact for a tight prior on the mass, whereas
larger mass ranges allow a smooth interpolation between a behavior close to the ΛCDM
cosmological standard model and close to an additional component of strongly self-interacting dark
radiation. In the weakly self-coupled regime we find that we can accommodate a parameter space
relevant for the neutrino anomalies as well as one relevant to easing the Hubble tension.
Multi-amplifier Sensing Charge-coupled Devices for Next Generation Spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Kenneth W. , Karcher Armin , Guy Julien , Holland Stephen E. , Kolbe William F. , Nugent Peter E. , Drlica-Wagner Alex , Botti Ana M. , Tiffenberg Javier 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present characterization results and performance of a prototype Multiple-Amplifier Sensing (MAS) silicon charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor with 16 channels potentially suitable for faint object astronomical spectroscopy and low-signal, photon-limited imaging. The MAS CCD is designed to reach sub-electron readout noise by repeatedly measuring charge through a line of amplifiers during the serial transfer shifts. Using synchronized readout electronics based on the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument CCD controller, we report a read noise of 1.03 e− rms pix−1 at a speed of 26 μs pix−1 with a single-sample readout scheme where charge in a pixel is measured only once for each output stage. At these operating parameters, we find the amplifier-to-amplifier charge transfer efficiency (ACTE) to be >0.9995 at low counts for all amplifiers but one for which the ACTE is 0.997. This charge transfer efficiency falls above 50,000 electrons for the read-noise optimized voltage configuration we chose for the serial clocks and gates. The amplifier linearity across a broad dynamic range from ∼300 to 35,000 e− was also measured to be ±2.5%. We describe key operating parameters to optimize on these characteristics and describe the specific applications for which the MAS CCD may be a suitable detector candidate.
Growth of stimulated Raman instability by a density-modulated electron beam in laser-plasma interactions
Authors: Yadav Pinki , Gupta Devki Nandan , Sharma Jyotsna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A way to enhance the growth of stimulated Raman instability in laser-plasma interactions was investigated. This relies on the application of density modulation of a co-propagating electron beam in plasmas. In the stimulated Raman scattering process, an electromagnetic pump wave decays into a low-frequency wave and a scattered electromagnetic sideband wave. In this process, the pump wave produces an oscillatory velocity associated with the plasma electrons and the beam electrons. These oscillatory velocities combine with the existing low-frequency mode, producing ponderomotive force that drives high-frequency sideband waves. The sidebands couple to the pump wave, driving the beam-mode. A modulation of the electron beam density enhances the growth rate of the instability. The theoretical calculations show about 40% enhancements in growth of Raman instability at resonance (where the electron beam density modulation parameter approaches to unity) for the plasma density of the order of 1018 cm−3.
Optical phase image encryption using stokes parameters and singular value decomposition
Authors: Vardhan Harsh , Sivarajan Aswathi K , Sakshi  , Reddy Salla Gangi , Kumar Ravi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an optical asymmetric phase image encryption method in which the vectorial light field is used to encode the data. In transverse plane, the vectorial light field has spatially varying polarization distributions where we are allowed to have a greater number of degrees of freedom. In this scheme, the input image is first phase encoded and then modulated by a phase encrypting key, synthesized from the speckles obtained by the scattering of Hermite–Gaussian beams. The modulated image is further processed using fractional Fourier transform with a specific order (α). A pixel scrambling operator is utilized to increase the randomness to further enhance the security and singular value decomposition approach is employed to add the nonlinearity in the encryption process. Now, the stokes parameters, i.e. S
1 and S
2 are calculated using the light intensities correspond to different polarizations. S
1 is used as the encrypted image for transmission and S
2 is reserved as one of the private decryption keys. The robustness of the proposed technique is tested against various existing attacks, such as known plaintext attack, chosen plaintext attack, and contamination attacks. Numerically simulated results validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Optical microscope with nanometer longitudinal resolution based on a Linnik interferometer
Authors: Anishchik Sergei V , Dantus Marcos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A widefield microscope based on a Linnik interferometer was designed, constructed, and tested. The phase-shifting and polarized single-shot methods were used to measure interference patterns. Both methods use a low-coherence light-emitting diode as the light source, achieving a resolution of 10 nm in the Z direction and diffraction-limited resolution in the X and Y directions. The single-shot method is vibration-insensitive, allowing for the observation of moving objects. The simplicity and low cost of this instrument make it valuable for a wide range of applications.
Optimization design of 500 kV double grading ring suspension composite insulator with ZnO microvaristor layers based on VSCSA
Authors: Li Jun , Xu Hong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The use of microvaristor layers is an electric field control method for composite insulators. It can reduce the electric field stresses to prevent the extension of the composite insulator surface discharges and the complete flashover caused by the subsequent development of arcing. In order to improve the performance of composite insulators, a 500 kV double grading ring suspension composite insulator structure with ZnO microvaristor layers is proposed and optimized by Variable Step Crow Search Algorithm (VSCSA). A 2D axisymmetric simulation model is constructed by COMSOL, and then VSCSA is used to optimize the geometric dimensions of insulators, grading rings and microvaristors through the joint simulation of COMSOL and MATLAB. The electric field of composite insulators under clean and uniform contaminated conditions before and after optimization is studied. The results show that the optimized design can reduce the electric field strength of composite insulators under clean and uniform contaminated conditions. It is also proved that the injection of ZnO microvaristor layers into the double grading ring suspension composite insulator can improve the performance of the insulator. The research provides a new method for the design and optimization of high voltage composite insulators, which is of great significance.
“Through the Valley of the Shadow of Death”
Authors: David Anthony 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This essay chronicles my personal journey of uncovering a truth that contradicted my long-held assumptions, resulting in a profound professional reckoning. It began with my discovery of a treasure trove of 350 glass plate negatives, masterpieces captured between 1920 and 1940, which led me to write a biography of the photographer, Benedict Stolz, a German Benedictine monk. A central figure in this biography was Hermann Keller, Stolz’s childhood friend and, in his day, a renowned theologian, philosopher, and Hebraist. I portrayed Keller as a Nazi war criminal and associate of SS leader Reinhard Heydrich, based on numerous secondary sources. However, shortly before publication, an interview with a nun who had known Keller challenged this narrative, attributing the “erroneous charges” against him to the mistakes of one historian that were subsequently echoed by others. After years of doubting her claims, I was confronted with evidence proving Keller’s innocence, prompting a critical reflection on how historians, including myself, can unwittingly propagate inaccuracies.
The Past in the Present: Eleanor Antin, Jewish Art and 1990s America
Authors: Julius Chloë 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This essay situates two works by Eleanor Antin—the film The Man Without a World (1991), and the installation Vilna Nights (1993)—in the context of Jewish art as it was articulated in 1990s America. During this period, efforts were made by scholars, curators—and some artists—towards a new Jewish art that would be consummate with other contemporaneous identity-based practices. Although these efforts did not birth a new Jewish art, they did instigate a revived interest in the history of Eastern European Jewry. This was Antin’s subject in both The Man Without a World and Vilna Nights, but the representation of this history in both works challenged the nostalgia that it courted in other corners of 1990s Jewish art.
Intracerebral delivery of antiseizure medications by microinvasive neural implants
Authors: Jackson Hannah D , Cotler Max J , Saunders Gerald W , Cornelssen Carena A , West Peter J , Metcalf Cameron S , Wilcox Karen S , Cima Michael J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Focal epilepsy is a difficult disease to treat as two-thirds of patients will not respond to oral anti-seizure medications (ASMs) or have severe off-target effects that lead to drug discontinuation. Current non-pharmaceutical treatment methods (resection or ablation) are underutilized due to the associated morbidities, invasive nature and inaccessibility of seizure foci. Less invasive non-ablative modalities may potentially offer an alternative. Targeting the seizure focus in this way may avoid unassociated critical brain structures to preserve function and alleviate seizure burden.
Here we report use of an implantable, miniaturized neural drug delivery system [microinvasive neural implant infusion platform (MINI)] to administer ASMs directly to the seizure focus in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. We examined the effect local delivery of phenobarbital and valproate had on focal seizures, as well as adverse effects, and compared this to systemic delivery.
We show that local delivery of phenobarbital and valproate using our chronic implants significantly reduced focal seizures at all doses given. Furthermore, we show that local delivery of these compounds resulted in no adverse effects to motor function, whereas systemic delivery resulted in significant motor impairment.
The results of this study demonstrate the potential of ASM micro dosing to the epileptic focus as a treatment option for people with drug resistant epilepsy. This technology could also be applied to a variety of disease states, enabling a deeper understanding of focal drug delivery in the treatment of neurological disorders.
Longitudinal analysis of glymphatic function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral sclerosis
Authors: Sharkey Rachel J , Cortese Filomeno , Goodyear Bradley G , Korngut Lawrence W , Jacob Sarah M , Sharkey Keith A , Kalra Sanjay , Nguyen Minh Dang , Frayne Richard , Pfeffer Gerald 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Accumulation of misfolded proteins is central to the pathogenesis of ALS and the glymphatic system is emerging as a potential therapeutic target to reduce proteinopathy. Using diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular spaces (DTI-ALPS) to assess glymphatic function, we performed a longitudinal analysis of glymphatic function in ALS and compared it to a disorder in the motor neuron disease spectrum, primary lateral sclerosis (PLS).
From a cohort of 45 participants from the Calgary site in the CALSNIC study (Canadian ALS Neuroimaging Consortium), including 18 ALS, 5 PLS and 22 control participants, DTI-ALPS was analysed and correlated to clinical features (age, sex, disease presentation, disease severity and progression rate) and white matter hyperintensity burden. This included longitudinal measurements at three time points, 4 months apart.
The DTI-ALPS index was reduced in ALS participants compared with PLS and control participants across all three time points. There was no association with clinical factors; however, the index tended to decline with advancing age. Our study suggests heterogeneity in glymphatic dysfunction in motor neuron diseases that may be related to the underlying pathogenesis.
Linear Statistics of Determinantal Point Processes and Norm Representations
Authors: Levi Matteo , Marzo Jordi , Ortega-Cerdà Joaquim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the asymptotic behavior of the fluctuations of smooth and rough linear statistics for determinantal point processes on the sphere and on the Euclidean space. The main tool is the generalization of some norm representation results for functions in Sobolev spaces and in the space of functions of bounded variation.