bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Lyme-associated uveitis: value of serological testing in a tertiary centre
Authors: Bernard Alexia , Kodjikian Laurent , Abukhashabh Amro , Roure-Sobas Chantal , Boibieux Andre , Denis Philippe , Broussolle Christiane , Seve Pascal 
Published: June 2017

AimsTo determine the frequency and clinical presentation of Lyme disease in patients with uveitis and to assess the value ofBorrelia burgdorferiserological testing.MethodsRetrospective study on all patients with uveitis who were referred to our tertiary hospital were serologically tested for Lyme in our laboratory between 2003 and 2016. Screening consisted of determiningB. burgdorferiserum IgG and IgM by ELISA method. The patient’s serology was considered as positive if the ELISA-positive result in IgM and/or IgG was confirmed by an immunoblot positive in IgM and/or IgG. Lyme-associated uveitis was diagnosed based on serological results as well as response to antibiotics and exclusion of other diagnosis.ResultsOf the 430 patients with uveitis (60% women, mean age 49 years) fulfilling inclusion criteria, 63 (14.7%) had an ELISA-positive serology, confirmed by immunoblot for 34 patients (7.9%). The diagnosis of Lyme-associated uveitis was finally retained in seven patients (1.6%). These patients reported either a previous exposure including tick bite or forest walks (n=5), symptoms suggestive of Lyme disease (n=5) and resistance to local and/or systemic steroids (n=7). Among the remaining 27 positive patients, 22 had other established aetiologies and 5 other were unclassified.ConclusionThe seroprevalence ofB. burgdorferiamong our patients with uveitis was 7.9% compared with 6 to 8.5% in the general French population which leads to a low predictive value of serological testing. Its use should be reserved for patients with unexplained uveitis, an exposure history, systemic findings suggestive of Lyme disease and steroids resistance.
The geology of geomechanics: petroleum geomechanical engineering in field development planning
Authors: Addis M. A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The application of geomechanics to oil and gas field development leads to significant improvements in the economic performance of the asset. The geomechanical issues that affect field development start at the exploration stage and continue to affect appraisal and development decisions all the way through to field abandonment. Field developments now use improved static reservoir characterization, which includes both the mechanical properties of the field and the initial stress distribution over the field, along with numerical reservoir modelling to assess the dynamic stress evolution that accompanies oil and gas production, or fluid injection, into the reservoirs.
Characterizing large volumes of rock in the subsurface for geomechanical analysis is accompanied by uncertainty resulting from the low core sampling rates of around 1 part per trillion (ppt) for geomechanical properties and due to the remote geophysical and petrophysical techniques used to construct field models. However, some uncertainties also result from theoretical simplifications used to describe the geomechanical behaviour of the geology.
This paper provides a brief overview of geomechanical engineering applied to petroleum field developments. Select case studies are used to highlight how detailed geological knowledge improves the geomechanical characterization and analysis of field developments. The first case study investigates the stress regimes present in active fault systems and re-evaluates the industry's interpretation of Andersonian stress states of faulting. The second case study discusses how the stress magnitudes and, potentially, stress regimes can change as a result of production and pore pressure depletion in an oil or gas field. The last case study addresses the geomechanical characterization of reservoirs, showing how subtle changes in geological processes are manifested in significant variations in strength. The studies presented here illustrate how the timely application of petroleum geomechanical engineering can significantly enhance field development, including drilling performance, infill drilling, completion design, production and recovery.
The International Economy of Children’s Rights: Issues in Translation
Authors: I’Anson John , Quennerstedt Ann , Robinson Carol 
Published: June 2017

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (uncrc) is an international legal text that necessitates multiple translations into national policy contexts if it is to become mobilised within professional practice. The aim of this paper is to foreground this process of translation and to identify some of the limitations inherent within present mobilisations of the uncrc. On the basis of this diagnosis, we then raise a series of ethical considerations that might inform a more critical and open-ended approach.
We characterise current approaches to mobilising the uncrc as an international economy of rights and we represent this diagrammatically. This economy, we contend, involves multiple translations of the uncrc text into a series of performative demands to which adults become accountable in situations of professional practice with children and young people.
We then critically analyse this economy as presently instituted and point to a number of inherent limitations. We argue that a failure to address the issue of translation from legal text to relational practice has led to a technical resolution. The potential challenge of the uncrc as an authoritative text of critique is further weakened by the promotion of a consensus thinking that privileges agreement over the complexities associated with ethical thinking. In the light of this critique, the paper identifies new lines of questioning to inform debate concerning how a children’s rights agenda might be refracted differently in future.
The Best Interests of the Child in Cases of Migration
Authors: Kalverboer Margrite , Beltman Daan , van Os Carla , Zijlstra Elianne 
Published: June 2017

The best interests of the child principle has a legal base in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. In 2013, the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child published guidelines on the implementation of the best interests of the child in General Comment No. 14. Together with the Best Interest of the Child Method, which is developed by Zijlstra et al. (2012), this framework offers a valuable tool for decision-making processes concerning children, in particular, in this review’s context, in migration procedures. In the assessment of the best interests of children who are forcibly migrated, special attention has to be given to risk factors associated with the different phases in the migration process that may harm their mental health, well-being and development. This requires knowledge based on academic studies and
the involvement of professionals who have knowledge of children’s mental health and development.
Decision Processes and Decision-making in Relation to Sustainable Development and Democracy – Where Do we Stand?
Authors: Söderbaum Peter 
Published: June 2017

A number of approaches to decision processes and decision-making have been proposed. These include Cost-Benefit Analysis, Multi-Criteria Approaches, Environmental Impact Assessment, and Positional Analysis (as a form of Systems Approach). While these all claim to be useful in illuminating or solving specific problems related to environment and development, the meta-level question remains – how do we choose among approaches to decision-making? Is there a meta-approach to the choice among approaches? While not claiming to give the final answer, I hope that the question will at least be illuminated here. Each approach is related to criteria such as theory of science, paradigm, ideology, ways of dealing with sustainable development and democracy. This information is summarized in a profile for each method. The profiles are then used to discuss the pros and cons of different methods. It is concluded that CBA does not very well match the criteria suggested while the three other methods, each have something to offer.
On Numerical Results of Reticulated Shell Buckling
Authors: Rothert Heinrich , Gebbeken Norbert 
Published: June 2017

This paper is mainly focused on the numerical methods which are used to calculate realistically the load-carrying behaviour of reticulated shell structures. It is generally assumed that for an economical analysis, aimed at the saving of material, the material non-linearity has to be taken into consideration if dead loads prevail. For this in the context of finite element analysis the stiffness matrices of elastic and elastic-plastic rod elements are presented. In order to ensure the stability of structures it is indispensable to detect limit loads such as snap-through loads and bifurcation loads. Assuming that snap-through phenomena are quasi static, path-following algorithms can be implemented to trace the load-deflection curves in the postbuckling domain. The testing of the reliability and stability of the algorithms requires a sufficient number of numerical examples. Few will be presented.
Shape Control and Kinematic Waves in Large Statically Determinate Structures in Space
Authors: Bujakas V.I. 
Published: June 2017

Statically determinate designs are free of thermal stress, their assembly is possible with small efforts and static shape control by changing members length with small forces is available. For these reasons large statically determinate structures can be proposed as promising candidates for various space projects. Large one-dimensional linear, axially-symmetrical, and two-dimensional statically determinate controllable structures are developed and analyzed. Kinematic waves arising during static shape control are found and described. Algorithms of shape control are proposed.
Spatial Stiffening Diaphragm Systems
Authors: Tibi Ariel , Burt Michael , Tatsa Elisha 
Published: June 2017

Spatial helicoid diaphragms as stiffening systems in multi-storey buildings can achieve the following advantages: 1. increase resistance to horizontal forces. 2. increase stability against buckling. The development from horizontal diaphragms, which are common these days, through inclined diaphragms, to spatial stiffening diaphragm systems is discussed in the paper. Examples from nature, as shown in the paper provide a basis for further research and development.
Recreational 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or ‘ecstasy’: Current perspective and future research prospects
Authors: Parrott Andrew C , Downey Luke A , Roberts Carl A , Montgomery Cathy , Bruno Raimondo , Fox Helen C 
Published: June 2017

Aims: The purpose of this article is to debate current understandings about the psychobiological effects of recreational 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ‘ecstasy’), and recommend theoretically-driven topics for future research. Methods: Recent empirical findings, especially those from novel topic areas were reviewed. Potential causes for the high variance often found in group findings were also examined. Results and conclusions: The first empirical reports into psychobiological and psychiatric aspects from the early 1990s concluded that regular users demonstrated some selective psychobiological deficits, for instance worse declarative memory, or heightened depression. More recent research has covered a far wider range of psychobiological functions, and deficits have emerged in aspects of vision, higher cognitive skill, neurohormonal functioning, and foetal developmental outcomes. However, variance levels are often high, indicating that while some recreational users develop problems, others are less affected. Potential reasons for this high variance are debated. An explanatory model based on multi-factorial causation is then proposed. Future directions: A number of theoretically driven research topics are suggested, in order to empirically investigate the potential causes for these diverse psychobiological deficits. Future neuroimaging studies should study the practical implications of any serotonergic and/or neurohormonal changes, using a wide range of functional measures.
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist treatment for sexual offenders: A systematic review
Authors: Lewis Alexandra , Grubin Don , Ross Callum C , Das Mrigendra 
Published: June 2017

Background: Sexual offending is a significant international issue causing long-term consequences for victims, perpetrators and society. Aims: The purpose of this study was to review the existing research data assessing the efficacy of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists for treating adult, male, sexual offenders. Method: The method of this review involved the examination of studies involving participants prescribed at least one month of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist for the purposes of reducing sexual drive related to offending. The primary outcome measures were recidivism rates and sexual functioning. Secondary outcome measures included assessment of side effects and effects on interpersonal/psychiatric functioning. Studies in the English language that were dated 1969–2015 were included. Results: Twelve eligible studies (323 participants) were identified. A reduction in a variety of measures of sexual functioning and/or risk was found in all studies. Robust recidivism data was limited. Medication was rarely described as ineffectual. All studies reported side effects. Reduction in bone density and potential long-term reduction in fertility in some subjects were issues of concern. Conclusion: Whilst identified studies showed promising results with respect to sexual functioning, challenges in performing randomised control trials in this subject group meant that included studies were methodologically limited. This review recommends that future research must be performed before the effectiveness and tolerability of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists in this population can be confirmed.
Infraglomerular Epithelial Reflux as a Postmortem Phenomenon in the Kidneys of Dog and Rat
Authors: Mullink J.W.M.A. , Feron V. J. 
Published: June 2017

The significance of postmortem renal changes for the pathogenesis of infraglomerular epithelial reflux (IER) was examined in a number of experiments with kidneys of the dog and rat. The reflux can develop after death in both species. Intravital circumstances (e.g., ischemia) may stimulate the postmortem development of IER. The development of IER was accompanied by swelling of tubular epithelial cells and could be provoked by palpation at autopsy. The type of fixative can also influence the degree of the phenomenon, which was more pronounced in ethanol-fixed than in formalin-fixed kidney. IER has to be considered primarily a postmortem phenomenon and a correct evaluation of IER is only possible if the postmortem treatment of the kidney be exactly known and, in appropriate investigations, has been very well standardized for control and experimental animals.
Occupations outside the home: Experiences of people with acquired brain injury
Authors: Olofsson Alexandra , Nyman Anneli , Larsson Lund Maria 
Published: June 2017

Introduction Understanding those occupations outside the home that people with acquired brain injury find difficult, including the influencing factors, may help to develop appropriate support. The aim of this paper was to explore and describe how people with acquired brain injury experience engagement in occupations outside the home. Method This qualitative study included repeated semi-structured interviews with eight working-age persons with acquired brain injury, which were analysed by a constant comparison analysis. Findings The findings indicated that there were three influencing factors that had a critical effect on the participants’ changes in their engagement in occupations, the strategies they adopted, and the consequences for their lives. The categories reflected how the different changes in occupations outside the home were influenced by their struggles with sensory processing and fatigue, difficulties with completing preparations, and occupational risks. Conclusion The findings indicate that to improve engagement in occupations outside the home for people with acquired brain injury, professionals need to identify the different factors that are critical for each person’s engagement. The findings also indicate the importance of considering not only occupations outside the home but also preparations required at home and recovery afterward, and how engagement outside the home is influenced by the entire occupational repertoire.
Elastic Modulus of Particulate Composites Using a Multiphase Model
Authors: Spathis G. , Bourkas G. , Kytopoulos V. , Sideridis E. 
Published: June 2017

In this paper a theoretical model for the evaluation of the elastic modulus of the particulate composites is presented. The model takes into account the influence of neighbouring spherical inclusions on the stiffness of the composite material consisting of the matrix and filler. A microstructural composite model reproducing the basic cell of the composite at a microscopic scale was transformed to a 4-phase representative volume element in order to apply the classical theory of elasticity to this simplified model of a composite-unit cell. Theoretical results based on this model were compared with experimental results carried out with iron-particle filled epoxy resin composites and also with other theoretical results derived from other works.
The Hope Research Community of Practice
Authors: Landeen Janet , Kirkpatrick Helen , Doyle Winnifred 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundClinical nurses have multiple challenges in conducting high-quality nursing research to inform practice. Theoretically, the development of a community of practice on nursing research centered on the concept of hope is an approach that may address some of the challenges.PurposeThis article describes the delivery and evaluation of a hope research community of practice (HRCoP) approach to facilitate research expertise in a group of advanced practice nurses in one hospital. It addressed the question: Does the establishment of a HRCoP for master’s prepared nurses increase their confidence and competence in leading nursing research?MethodUsing interpretive descriptive qualitative research methodology, five participants were interviewed about their experiences within the HRCoP and facilitators engaged in participant observation.ResultsAt 13 months, only four of the original seven participants remained in the HRCoP. While all participants discussed positive impacts of participation, they identified challenges of having protected time to complete their individual research projects, despite having administrative support to do so. Progress on individual research projects varied.ConclusionNurse-led research remains a challenge for practicing nurses despite participating in an evidence-based HRCoP. Lessons learned from this project can be useful to other academic clinical partnerships.
Sex Variation and Drug Therapy
Authors: Proksch Richard A. , Lamy Peter P. 
Published: June 2017

A literature review of gender differences with drug therapy is presented. Physiological differences between the sexes in basal metabolic rate and in levels of certain of the circulating hormones and enzymes affect or influence the metabolism of various drugs. Differences in muscle mass, disposition of adipose tissue and vascular resistance can lead to variations in response between the sexes to IM injections, while plasma levels of orally administered drugs can be influenced by sex differences such as gastric motility and secretion, metabolic rate, pregnancy, and differences in drug distributive compartments. These differences in gender response to a given therapy can vary according to the patient's age. Adverse reactions to drugs are also affected by the patient's gender, and certain drugs have been shown to induce adverse reactions predominantly in one sex. The review illustrates the confusion surrounding this subject and stresses the importance of sex differences in the consideration and monitoring of drug therapy. Information on sex and age of patients, and possible sex differences in response to drug therapy is requested of all future therapeutic studies. It was further suggested that the dual genetic coverage may be the mechanism by which the sex difference in susceptibility to infection can be explained. Support for this theory can best be found in a brief discussion of sex-linked diseases. The transmission from parents to offspring of defects, which may manifest themselves as disease, may be genetic in origin (Table 2).41 Due to the transmission of these diseases by the sex chromosomes, the male, having only one X-chromosome, is afflicted more often by these diseases. This leads one to conclude that given like conditions, females are better adapted to cope with many human diseases because they are genetically and chemically better evolved.
Drug Information Centers: Lack of Generic Equivalence
Authors: Halbert Michael R. , Kelly William N. , Miller Douglas E. 
Published: June 2017

A survey was carried out in order to observe the level of practice of pharmacists in drug information centers. The underlying assumption to the survey was that, once informed of the existence of a Drug Information Center, a major determinant to the continued utilization of that source would be a subjective impression of the quality and the competence demonstrated in response to the user's initial question. Ninety Drug Information Centers were contacted by telephone with a standard question. The question was multifaceted, requiring identification, toxicity, therapeutic use, and dose information. The caller identified himself as Dr. Jones and proceeded through a written protocol of conversation. Ten centers could not identify the product. Twenty-three centers initially asked questions other than to verify the correct spelling. Forty-eight centers took advantage of the opportunity to have input into making a judgemental therapeutic decision. Twenty-seven centers offered to document the conversation through a written follow-up. Twenty-two centers provided information judged to be less than adequate in response to the total survey question. It was observed that subjective analysis based on a single telephone conversation could not be used to adequately evaluate an individual drug information center. However, trends observed by contacting every known center indicated that there is a lack of a minimum standard of quality and competence that can be associated with calling a “generic” drug information center.
The Pharmaceutical Industry's Obligation to Clinical Pharmacists
Authors: Katz Seymour , Triboletti Mary 
Published: June 2017

The authors have compiled an outline of information they feel the pharmaceutical industry is qualified and obligated to provide the clinical pharmacist. The information requested includes the knowledge most often required by the pharmacist to actively participate in and contribute to patient therapy. The outline requests much information currently not available in product information or standard textbooks, e.g., pKa, inert ingredients, specific antidote. If the pharmaceutical companies supplied the information requested in this outline, the clinical pharmacist would have virtually all the knowledge he needs in one convenient source.