bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of TR Band™ and VasoStat™ Hemostasis Devices following Transpedal Catheterization for Lower Extremity Revascularization for Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Kwan Tak W. , Patel Apurva , Parikh Roosha , Auguste Uschi , Rosero Hugo , Huang Yili , Liou Michael , Ratcliffe Justin , Puma Joseph 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundTranspedal access is increasingly utilized for peripheral vascular catheterization. There is a paucity of data on the use of radial hemostasis devices as an alternative to manual compression for achievement of hemostasis after this approach.ObjectiveTo compare safety and efficacy of two hemostasis devices following transpedal catheterization for lower extremity revascularization for peripheral arterial disease.MethodsA consecutive cohort of patients with bilateral Rutherford 2–5 disease who underwent transpedal catheterization for peripheral vascular interventions were retrospectively analyzed. In each patient, retrograde tibial artery access was obtained, a 4 French sheath was placed, and all revascularization was performed via tibial access. In all patients, a TR Band™ (Terumo Medical, n = 215) and/or VasoStat™ (Forge Medical, n = 99) were used to apply puncture site compression, following removal of the tibial sheath until hemostasis was achieved. Safety and efficacy of each device was compared.ResultsPuncture site hemostasis was achieved in all patients within 2 hours of sheath removal facilitating early discharge. Two access site pseudoaneurysms occurred within 30 days of revascularization, one of which followed TR Band™ placement and the other following VasoStat™ placement (P = 0.53). Each patient was successfully treated with ultrasound‐guided thrombin injection. Loss of access site patency by duplex ultrasound occurred in 2 patients following the TR Band™ and a single patient following the VasoStat™ (P = 1.0).ConclusionBoth the TR Band™ and the VasoStat™ were effective in achieving hemostasis following transpedal catheterization with low rates of complications.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Map Brain Microstructural Changes in CADASIL
Authors: Mascalchi Mario , Pantoni Leonardo , Giannelli Marco , Valenti Raffaella , Bianchi Andrea , Pracucci Giovanni , Orsolini Stefano , Ciulli Stefano , Tessa Carlo , Poggesi Anna , Pescini Francesca , Inzitari Domenico , Diciotti Stefano 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is sensitive to brain microstructural changes. The aims of this DTI study were to map voxelwise the spatial distribution of brain microstructural changes in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) and to investigate any correlation between DTI‐derived indices and extension of T2 hyperintensity.METHODSEighteen patients with CADASIL and 18 age‐, sex‐, and education‐level‐matched healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. Differences in DTI‐derived indices (mean diffusivity [MD], fractional anisotropy [FA], axial [AD] and radial [RD] diffusivities, and mode of anisotropy [MO]) of brain white matter (WM) between CADASIL patients and healthy subjects were assessed through tract‐based spatial statistics. Then, DTI‐derived indices were correlated with the patient's score on the extended Fazekas visual scale of the T2 hyperintensity.RESULTSWhen compared to healthy controls, CADASIL patients showed extensive symmetric areas of increased MD/RD and decreased AD/FA/MO that involved almost the entire hemispheric cerebral WM (internal and external capsule, WM of the temporal poles, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior frontal‐occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, cingulum, forceps major and minor, corticospinal tracts, and thalamic radiations), thalami, and corpus callosum. Additional areas of increased RD were observed in pons, midbrain, cerebellar peduncles, and cerebellar WM. Only FA was negatively correlated with extended Fazekas visual score.CONCLUSIONSOur results indicate that brain damage in CADASIL is associated with extensive microstructural changes implying impairment of intra‐ and inter‐hemispheric cerebral, thalamocortical, and cerebrocerebellar connections. Severity of microstructural changes correlates with extension of T2 hyperintensity.
The Impact of Menu Label Design on Visual Attention, Food Choice and Recognition: An Eye Tracking Study
Authors: Reale Sophie , Flint Stuart William 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNutritional labeling on menus has been found to promote informed food choices and reduce information asymmetry between manufacturers and consumers. However, lack of attention to nutritional labels limits their effectiveness. This study manipulated the way in which nutritional information was provided on menus in aim of enhancing visual attention to the most health relevant information. A between‐subject design was implemented with three experimental conditions (nondirective label; directive label; semidirective label). A total of 84 participants chose meals off a starter, main and desert menu whilst their eye movements were tracked using Tobii eye tracking software. Results showed that the menu labels did not significantly differ in their attentional gaining properties, however, the use of color and health logos led participants to choose meals containing significantly less calories compared to when nutritional information was presented in black text alone. These findings indicate that nutritional information should be provided in color or as health logos as this has the largest impact on food choice.Practical ApplicationsA factor contributing to the rise in obesity prevalence is the obesogenic environment that we live in. The population has become increasingly reliant on convenience foods and dining out which has led to excess calorie consumption. Menu labeling has been identified as a possible intervention that could be employed by policy makers to guide informed food choices. However, there are calls for further actions and intervention to improve food choice as menu labeling has had mixed effects on consumer choice and consumption. This study suggests that menu labeling is a viable option when the nutritional information is presented in a visually salient way. The use of colors and health logos attracts consumer's attention to the most health relevant information which could contribute to efforts in reducing obesity and other illnesses linked to unhealthy consumption.
Owners’ attitudes and practices regarding nutrition of dogs diagnosed with cancer presenting at a referral oncology service in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Rajagopaul S. , Parr J. M. , Woods J. P. , Pearl D. L. , Coe J. B. , Verbrugghe A. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVESTo investigate owner attitudes and dietary practices following cancer diagnosis in a dog.METHODSA retrospective cross‐sectional survey of 75 dog owners presenting with their dogs to a tertiary referral oncology service through a demographic questionnaire and in‐person or telephone interviews regarding the dog's nutrition.RESULTSConventional diets (71%) were most commonly fed as a single diet to canine cancer patients followed by homemade cooked (7%) and homemade raw (4%). Several owners (18%) provided combinations of these diets. Owners reported some distrust towards conventional diets (51%). Appetite loss occurred in 35% of dogs and diet changes reported for 25% of dogs in the study involved exclusion of a conventional (63%) and/or inclusion of a homemade (54%) component. 90% of owners noted the diet change was associated with the cancer diagnosis. Supplements were given by 39% of owners. 85% of owners highly valued veterinary nutritional advice.CLINICAL RELEVANCEFollowing a cancer diagnosis, dog owners appear to change their approach to managing their dog's nutrition. Given the value owners place on veterinary nutritional advice, veterinarians have a key role in guiding nutritional management of the canine cancer patient.
Exceptionalism or Chinamerica: Measuring Religious Change in the Globalizing World Today
Authors: Yang Fenggang 
Published: June 2016

Religion is changing fast in this era of globalization. Major global trends include the growth of Muslims, the shrinking percentage of unaffiliated, and the rapid rise of Christianity in global China. By 2030, China is likely to become the largest Christian country in the world while retaining large numbers of Buddhists, Muslims, and folk religious believers. To capture religious changes more accurately, social scientists of religion must sharpen their measurement tools regarding religiosity; pay more attention to the reality of nonalignment among religious identity, belief, and practice; and acknowledge the reality of nonexclusive/multiple religious beliefs, practices, and identities. Scholars must also take responsibility for developing a clear and nuanced definition of religion, abandon exceptionalist thinking, and seek to discover common patterns of religious change across societies. Conceptual and measurement tools at the disposal of social scientists of religion should enable us to perceive and understand the converging changes of religion in China, the United States, and other societies, without ignoring their historical differences and contemporary particularities.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Atrial Size and Function in Warmblood Horses: Reference Intervals, Allometric Scaling, and Agreement of Different Echocardiographic Variables
Authors: Huesler I.M. , Mitchell K.J. , Schwarzwald C.C. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundEchocardiographic assessment of left atrial (LA) size and function in horses is not standardized.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to establish reference intervals for echocardiographic indices of LA size and function in Warmblood horses and to provide proof of concept for allometric scaling of variables and for the clinical use of area‐based indices.AnimalsThirty‐one healthy Warmblood horses and 91 Warmblood horses with a primary diagnosis of mitral regurgitation (MR) or aortic regurgitation (AR).MethodsRetrospective study. Echocardiographic indices of LA size and function were measured and scaled to body weight (BWT). Reference intervals were calculated, the influence of BWT, age, and valvular regurgitation on LA size and function was investigated and agreement between different measurements of LA size was assessed.ResultsAllometric scaling of variables of LA size allowed for correction of differences in BWT. Indices of LA size documented LA enlargement with moderate and severe MR and AR, whereas most indices of LA mechanical function were not significantly altered by valvular regurgitation. Different indices of LA size were in fair to good agreement but still lead to discordant conclusions with regard to assessment of LA enlargement in individual horses.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAllometric scaling of echocardiographic variables of LA size is advised to correct for differences in BWT among Warmblood horses. Assessment of LA dimensions should be based on an integrative approach combining subjective evaluation and assessment of multiple measurements, including area‐based variables. The clinical relevance of indices of LA mechanical function remains unclear when used in horses with mitral or aortic regurgitation.
Effects of maternal vitamin B12 supplementation on early infant neurocognitive outcomes: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Srinivasan Krishnamachari , Thomas Tinku , Kapanee Aruna Rose Mary , Ramthal Asha , Bellinger David C. , Bosch Ronald J. , Kurpad Anura V. , Duggan Christopher 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMaternal nutritional status during pregnancy impacts fetal brain development. Vitamin B12 plays a vital role in neuronal development. However, findings from studies on the association between maternal B12 status and child cognitive functions have been inconsistent. We performed a randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of oral B12 supplementation (50 µg) beginning at <14 weeks of gestation through a 6‐week post‐partum. In the present study, we report the effects of maternal B12 supplementation on cognitive development in infants at 9 months of age on Bayley Scales of Infant Development‐III (BSID‐III). One hundred eighty‐three pregnant women received vitamin B12, and 183 received placebo. Nine‐month BSID‐III development score was available in 178 infants. There were no significant differences in maternal sociodemographic characteristics and baseline biochemical measures between infants who underwent BSID‐III evaluation and infants who were not evaluated. There were no significant differences in any of the subscales of BSID‐III between infants born to mothers who received B12 supplementation (n = 78) vs. placebo (n = 100). On multiple regression analysis, elevated maternal total homocysteine (tHcy) levels adjusted for treatment group, birthweight, parity, income and home environment at second trimester of pregnancy were significantly negatively associated with expressive language (β = 3.13 points,P < 0.001), and in third trimester of pregnancy with expressive language (β = −2.29 points,P < 0.001) and fine motor (β = −1.41 points,P = 0.005) domains of BSID‐III. While no significant effects of maternal B12 supplementation were seen on cognitive development in infants at 9 months of age, elevated maternal tHcy levels were associated with poorer cognitive performance in some of the subdomains of BSID‐III. In pregnant women with elevated tHcy levels and or B12 deficiencies, it may be worthwhile to study the impact of longer term maternal supplementation on infant cognitive outcomes.
A resurrection experiment finds evidence of both reduced genetic diversity and potential adaptive evolution in the agricultural weed Ipomoea purpurea
Authors: Kuester Adam , Wilson Ariana , Chang Shu‐Mei , Baucom Regina S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDespite the negative economic and ecological impact of weeds, relatively little is known about the evolutionary mechanisms that influence their persistence in agricultural fields. Here, we use a resurrection approach to examine the potential for genotypic and phenotypic evolution in Ipomoea purpurea, an agricultural weed that is resistant to glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide in current‐day agriculture. We found striking reductions in allelic diversity between cohorts sampled nine years apart (2003 vs. 2012), suggesting that populations of this species sampled from agricultural fields have experienced genetic bottleneck events that have led to lower neutral genetic diversity. Heterozygosity excess tests indicate that these bottlenecks may have occurred prior to 2003. A greenhouse assay of individuals sampled from the field as seed found that populations of this species, on average, exhibited modest increases in herbicide resistance over time. However, populations differed significantly between sampling years for resistance: some populations maintained high resistance between the sampling years whereas others exhibited increased or decreased resistance. Our results show that populations of this noxious weed, capable of adapting to strong selection imparted by herbicide application, may lose genetic variation as a result of this or other environmental factors. We probably uncovered only modest increases in resistance on average between sampling cohorts due to a strong and previously identified fitness cost of resistance in this species, along with the potential that nonresistant migrants germinate from the seed bank.
Comparing total body lipid content of young‐of‐the‐year Steller sea lions among regions of contrasting population trends
Authors: Rea Lorrie D. , Fadely Brian S. , Farley Sean D. , Avery Julie P. , Dunlap‐Harding Wendy S. , Stegall Vicki K. , Eischens Carrie A. B. , Gelatt Tom S. , Pitcher Kenneth W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSteller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) are nutritionally dependent upon their dam through the majority of their first year. Several indices of body condition were measured in YOY 1.5–9 mo of age captured in Southeast Alaska (n = 122), the Gulf of Alaska (n = 182), and the Aleutian Islands (n = 38) to test the hypothesis that nutritional stress impacted the ability of adult female Steller sea lions to adequately nourish their late gestation YOY in the central Aleutian Islands in the early 2000s. Body mass (kg) and percent total body lipid content (%TBL) increased with age in all three regions of Alaska that were sampled (P < 0.05). Young‐of‐the‐year 7–9 mo of age were leaner in Southeast Alaska (27.6% ± 1.0%) and Gulf of Alaska (29.5% ± 0.8%) than in the Aleutian Islands (35.7% ± 1.2%, P < 0.001). Condition indices calculated from morphometric measures did not strongly predict the %TBL measured by isotope dilution. The trend for Aleutian Island YOY to have larger body mass and larger body fat reserves are counter to what would be expected if dams were unable to adequately provision their late lactation YOY due to inadequate food availability in the central Aleutian Islands.
Terrestrial habitat preferences and segregation of four pinniped species on the islands off the western coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Arias‐del‐Razo Alejandro , Heckel Gisela , Schramm Yolanda , Pardo Mario A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCoastal habitats are crucial to pinnipeds for resting, molting, and reproduction. We examined terrestrial habitat preferences of four pinniped species (California sea lion, Guadalupe fur seal, harbor seal, and northern elephant seal) on the islands off the western coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. Boat‐based surveys were conducted while circumnavigating 10 islands or archipelagos during summer and winter in 2009 and 2010. Habitat selection was inferred based on generalized linear models using animal counts and four habitat descriptors (substrate type, tide pools, bathymetry, and surf protection). The interspecific overlapping was analyzed using the Morisita index. Sea lions, fur seals, and harbor seals used sheltered beaches and rocky platforms as breeding sites. Cobblestone and sandy beaches were the most important substrates for elephant seals. Cliffs were the least preferred habitat by all species. Although substrate preferences were similar among species, segregation was observed in most islands except at the San Benito Archipelago, where sea lions co‐inhabit with elephant seals and fur seals. In the context of a recolonization process, these results could provide insights about the location of future colonies and information on habitat use, which can be used when designing conservation strategies for the islands.
Can Destination Therapy be implemented in children with heart failure? A study of provider perceptions
Authors: Char Danton S. , Lee Sandra S.‐J. , Ikoku Alvan A. , Rosenthal David , Magnus David 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDT is an established final therapeutic choice in adult patients with severe heart failure who do not meet criteria for cardiac transplantation. Patients are given VADs, without the prospect of care escalation to transplantation. VADs are now established therapy for children and are currently used as a bridge until transplantation can be performed or heart failure improves. For children who present in severe heart failure but do not meet transplantation criteria, the question has emerged whether DT can be offered. This qualitative study aimed to elicit the perspectives of early adopters of DT at one of the few institutions where DT has been provided for children. Responses were recorded and coded and themes extracted using grounded theory. Interviewees discussed: envisioning of the DT candidate; approach to evaluation for DT; contraindications to choosing DT; and concerns about choosing DT. Providers articulated two frameworks for conceptualizing DT: as a long bridge through resolution of problems that would initially contraindicate transplantation or, alternatively, as a true destination instead of transplantation. True destination, however, may not be the lasting concept for long‐term VAD use in children given improvement in prognosis for current medical contraindications and improving VAD technology.
Employment status among the Singapore elderly and its correlates
Authors: Tan Min‐En , Sagayadevan Vathsala , Abdin Edimansyah , Picco Louisa , Vaingankar Janhavi , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily 
Published: June 2016

AimIt has been hypothesized that working beyond retirement age may have a protective effect on various aspects of well‐being in the elderly. This paper aims to examine the relationship between employment status of elderly Singaporeans and indicators of well‐being.MethodsAs part of the Well‐being of the Singapore Elderly study, data relating to sociodemographics, social networks, medical history, physical activity, cognitive function, and disability were collected from 2534 participants aged 60 years and older. Participants included full‐time workers (n = 483), part‐time workers (n = 205), the unemployed (n = 32), homemakers (n = 808), and retirees (n = 1006). The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.ResultsLikelihood of being employed decreased with age, and employment was higher among men. Paid workers had significantly higher levels of physical activity, more extensive social networks, better cognitive function, less disability, and lower risk of dementia than retirees and homemakers. Paid workers had significantly lower chronic disease burden than retirees and rated their health to be better than retirees and the unemployed.ConclusionsThese findings show that meaningful employment is associated with better psychological and physiological well‐being among the elderly, highlighting the importance of studying likely protective effects of employment and creating employment opportunities for elderly Singaporeans.
Applying orthodontic tooth extrusion in a patient treated with bisphosphonate and irradiation: a case report
Authors: Morita Hiromitsu , Imai Yuko , Yoneda Masahiro , Hirofuji Takao 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBisphosphonates and irradiation are useful medical treatments, but can often cause oral complications such as medication‐related oral necrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and osteoradionecrosis (ORN) during oral surgery, including tooth extraction. Therefore, we should take all risks into consideration carefully before choosing dental treatment for patients with a medical history of such therapies. A 55‐year‐old woman who underwent cord blood transplantation to treat extranodal natural killer T (NK/T) cell lymphoma (nasal type IVB) had a medical history of bisphosphonate and irradiation treatments. We treated her residual tooth root by applying orthodontic extrusion to avoid extraction and successfully restored the tooth. Application of an orthodontic tooth extrusion technique for conservative treatment of a residual tooth is a useful means of avoiding MRONJ or ORN in patients who have a medical history of bisphosphonate and irradiation treatments.