bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relation between Food Insecurity and Mental Health Care Service Utilization in Ontario
Authors: Tarasuk Valerie , Cheng Joyce , Gundersen Craig , de Oliveira Claire , Kurdyak Paul 
Published: January 2018

Objective: To determine the relationship between household food insecurity status over a 12-month period and adults’ use of publicly funded health care services in Ontario for mental health reasons during this period. Methods: Data for 80,942 Ontario residents, 18 to 64 years old, who participated in the Canadian Community Health Survey in 2005, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, or 2011-2012 were linked to administrative health care data to determine individuals’ hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and visits to psychiatrists and primary care physicians for mental health reasons. Household food insecurity over the past 12 months was assessed using the Household Food Security Survey Module. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of mental health service utilization in the past 12 months by household food insecurity status, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and prior use of mental health services. Results: In our fully adjusted models, in comparison to food-secure individuals, the odds of any mental health care service utilization over the past 12 months were 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.29) for marginally food-insecure individuals, 1.39 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.42) for moderately food-insecure individuals, and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.35 to 1.68) for severely food-insecure individuals. A similar pattern persisted across individual types of services, with odds of utilization highest with severe food insecurity. Conclusions: Household food insecurity status is a robust predictor of mental health service utilization among working-age adults in Ontario. Policy interventions are required to address the underlying causes of food insecurity and the particular vulnerability of individuals with mental illness.
Effect of nano-hydroxyapatite and dutycycle on the structure and corrosion performance of plasma electrolyte oxidation coatings in simulated body fluid on Ti–6Al–4 V
Authors: Barooghi B , Sheikhi M , Amiri A 
Published: January 2018

The formation of titanium oxide coatings on Ti–6Al–4 V substrates by plasma electrolyte oxidation and the corrosion behavior of coatings in simulated body fluid were investigated. The effect of the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite particles to electrolyte and duty cycle of plasma electrolyte oxidation on the coating thickness and its surface morphology was studied. Phase structure and morphology of coated parts were studied using X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy. Wear and corrosion resistance were compared in coated and uncoated samples. Biocompatibility of coating was investigated using in vitro immersion in simulated body fluid. It was found that the plasma electrolyte oxidation forms dense and compact oxide coatings with slightly porous outer layers. Formation of apatite phase on the surface of coated samples was examined after immersion in simulated body fluid for two weeks. The corrosion resistance of plasma electrolyte oxidation coatings formed in electrolyte with high concentration of nano-hydroxyapatite and high duty cycle (60%) is better than the corrosion resistance of plasma electrolyte oxidation coatings formed in other electrolytes. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy results indicate the formation of a complete and preservative coating on Ti base materials.
Glial fibrillary acidic protein as a prognostic marker of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Liu G , Geng J 
Published: January 2018

Background: We investigated the association between serum levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and stroke functional outcomes in a cohort of 286 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: We prospectively studied 286 patients with AIS who were admitted within 24 h after the onset of symptoms. Serum levels of GFAP and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were measured at admission. The primary end point was stroke functional outcome among 1-year after stroke onset. We used logistic regression models to assess the relationship between GFAP levels and stroke outcomes. Results: The GFAP level was obtained with a median value of 0.18 (interquartile ranges (IQRs): 0.09–0.28) ng/ml. In multivariable models adjusted for age, gender, and other risk factors, GFAP levels were associated with an increased risk of a NIHSS>6 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16–1.89; p = 0.012). The poor outcome distribution across the GFAP quartiles ranged between 12.7% (first quartile) and 70.4% (fourth quartile). After adjusting for other established risk factors, in multivariate models comparing the Q3 and Q 4 quartiles against the Q1 of the GFAP, the levels of GFAP were associated with poor outcome, and the adjusted risk of poor outcome increased by 211% (3.11[1.80–5.05], p < 0.001) and 522% (6.22[2.98–11.83], p < 0.001), respectively. Interestingly, GFAP improved the ability of NIHSS score to diagnose poor outcomes (area under the curve [AUC] of the combined model 0.82; 95% CI: 0.77–0.88; p = 0.02). Conclusion: GFAP levels are a novel and complementary biomarker to predict functional outcome 1 year after AIS
Associations of osteoprotegerin with coronary artery calcification among women with systemic lupus erythematosus and healthy controls
Authors: Poornima I G , Shields K , Kuller L H , Manzi S M , Ramsey-Goldman R , Richardson C , Rhew E , Dunlop D D , Song J , Edmundowicz D , Kondos G T , Carr J J , Langman C B , Price H , Chung A H , Santelices L B , Mackey R H 
Published: January 2018

Objective We tested the hypothesis that higher circulating levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) are related to higher levels of coronary artery calcification (CAC) among women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with healthy controls (HCs). Methods Among 611 women in two age- and race-matched SLE case-control studies, OPG was assayed in stored blood samples (HEARTS: plasma, n cases/controls = 122/124, and SOLVABLE: serum, n cases/controls = 185/180) and CAC was measured by electron beam computed tomography. Results In both studies, SLE patients had higher OPG and CAC levels than HCs. Higher OPG was associated with high CAC (>100 vs.100) among SLE, and with any CAC (>0 vs. 0) among HCs. Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) for OPG tertile 3 vs. 1 was 3.58 (1.19, 10.76), p trend = 0.01 for SLE, and 2.28 (1.06, 4.89), p trend = 0.04 for HCs. Associations were attenuated when age-adjusted, but remained significant for HC women aged ≥ 40 and SLE women aged ≥ 50. ROC analyses identified 4.60 pmol/l as the optimal OPG cutpoint for predicting high CAC (>100) among SLE patients with sensitivity = 0.74 and specificity = 0.61, overall, but 0.92 and 0.52, respectively, for SLE patients aged ≥ 50. Conclusion Our cross-sectional results suggest that higher OPG levels are related to higher CAC levels among women with SLE vs. healthy controls.
Moxifloxacin versus levofloxacin for antibacterial prophylaxis in acute leukemia patients
Authors: Lee Pauline , Knoebel Randall W , Pisano Jennifer , Pettit Natasha N 
Published: January 2018

Objective The primary endpoint of this study was to determine the incidence of febrile neutropenia among patients receiving either moxifloxacin or levofloxacin for antibacterial prophylaxis. Secondary endpoints were number of documented infections and in-hospital mortality in patients who develop febrile neutropenia. Methods A single-center retrospective cohort analysis at a large tertiary care academic medical center was conducted. This study included adult acute leukemia patients (age ≥18 years old) who received inpatient antibacterial prophylaxis (moxifloxacin or levofloxacin) from 1 July 2012 to 1 October 2014. Patients were excluded from the study if they were treated with antimicrobial therapy in the preceding five days or admitted to the hospital with neutropenic fever. Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical data and Mann–Whitney test for continuous data. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for febrile neutropenia. Results Eighty-five patients were included in the final analysis with 40 patients who received moxifloxacin and 45 patients who received levofloxacin. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Twenty-two patients experienced febrile neutropenia requiring intravenous antibiotics in the moxifloxacin group and 30 patients in the levofloxacin group (P = 0.190). Age and duration of neutropenia appeared to predict for febrile neutropenia; however, after multivariate analysis, longer duration of neutropenia was shown to be the best predictor for febrile neutropenia with an odds ratio of 4.69 (95% CI, 1.697–12.968). Both groups had similar rates of documented infections and in-hospital morality. Conclusion Moxifloxacin and levofloxacin showed similar rates of febrile neutropenia when used for neutropenic antibacterial prophylaxis in acute leukemia patients.
Rationale and Design for a Monocentric Prospective Study: Sleep Apnea Diagnosis Using a Novel Pacemaker Algorithm and Link With Aldosterone Plasma Level in Patients Presenting With Diastolic Dysfunction (SAPAAD Study)
Authors: Champ-Rigot Laure , Ferchaud Virginie , Prévost Jean-Noël , Moirot Pierre , Pellissier Arnaud , Legallois Damien , Alexandre Joachim , Scanu Patrice , Morello Remy , Saloux Eric , Milliez Paul Ursmar 
Published: January 2018

Previous studies showed good agreement between pacemaker respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and polysomnography for diagnosis of severe sleep apnea (SA). The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of RDI compared with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) from a cardiorespiratory sleep study for the diagnosis of severe SA within patients requiring a pacemaker and meeting diastolic dysfunction criteria. Secondary objectives are as follows: correlation between plasma aldosterone level and SA severity, diagnostic accuracy of RDI for moderate SA, prevalence of SA among patients with diastolic dysfunction, occurrence of arrhythmias, and improvement of RDI with continuous positive airway pressure therapy. We designed a monocentric prospective nonrandomized study of prevalent cases to include 68 patients with a 6-month follow-up. Both RDI and AHI will be compared 2 months after implantation and after 1 month of continuous positive airway pressure treatment in patients with severe SA. This is the first study that examines diagnostic accuracy of pacemaker algorithm for the diagnosis of SA and correlation with plasma aldosterone levels in patients with diastolic dysfunction. Protocol version: V04. 04/04/2017 Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02751021
Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) Inventory: Initial Psychometric Properties as a Suicide Risk Screening Tool Among Nigerian University Students
Authors: Aloba Olutayo , Adefemi Sunday , Aloba Tolulope 
Published: January 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the factor structure, validity, reliability, and the screening properties as a suicide risk assessment tool of the 14-item Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) in a nonclinical sample of Nigerian university students. Methods: A total of 514 students completed the PANSI, in addition to the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Results: Prior to the factor analysis, the sample was randomly divided into two. In one half of the sample (sample 1), exploratory factor analysis of the inventory yielded a 2-factor model (Negative Suicide Ideation [PANSI-NSI] and Positive Ideation [PANSI-PI]), whereas confirmatory factor analysis in the other half (sample 2) produced a 2-factor model with indices of fitness that indicated a satisfactory model fit ( c2 = 93.8; df = 67; χ2/degree of freedom = 1.400; P = .017; goodness of fit index = 0.951; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.964; comparative fit index = 0.974; root mean square error of approximation = 0.040). The internal consistencies of the items of the PANSI-PI and PANSI-NSI subscales were 0.75 and 0.79, respectively. The construct validity of the 2 subscales was modestly satisfactory: PANSI-PI had negative correlations with the GHQ-12 ( r = −.239, P < .001) and the BDI-II ( r = −.190, P < .001), whereas the PANSI-NSI had positive correlations with the GHQ-12 ( r = .248, P < .001) and the BDI-II ( r = .376, P < .001). In addition, a cutoff total score of 17 on the PANSI-NSI was associated with the best sensitivity (80.0%) and specificity (92.5%) in the identification of those students who endorsed experiencing suicidal ideation (area under the curve = 0.82, 95% confidence interval = 0.58-1.00). Conclusions: The PANSI has exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties as a self-rated suicidal behavior assessment instrument in the evaluation of the positive and negative thoughts associated with suicidal ideation among Nigerian university students.
Sex chromosome contributions to sex differences in multiple sclerosis susceptibility and progression
Authors: Voskuhl Rhonda R , Sawalha Amr H , Itoh Yuichiro 
Published: January 2018

Background: Why are women more susceptible to multiple sclerosis, but men have worse disability progression? Sex differences in disease may be due to sex hormones, sex chromosomes, or both. Objective: Determine whether differences in sex chromosomes can contribute to sex differences in multiple sclerosis using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Methods: Sex chromosome transgenic mice, which permit the study of sex chromosomes not confounded by differences in sex hormones, were used to examine an effect of sex chromosomes on autoimmunity and neurodegeneration, focusing on X chromosome genes. Results: T-lymphocyte DNA methylation studies of the X chromosome gene Foxp3 suggested that maternal versus paternal imprinting of X chromosome genes may underlie sex differences in autoimmunity. Bone marrow chimeras with the same immune system but different sex chromosomes in the central nervous system suggested that differential expression of the X chromosome gene Toll-like receptor 7 in neurons may contribute to sex differences in neurodegeneration. Conclusion: Mapping the transcriptome and methylome in T lymphocytes and neurons in females versus males could reveal mechanisms underlying sex differences in autoimmunity and neurodegeneration.
Harnessing electronic medical records to advance research on multiple sclerosis
Authors: Damotte Vincent , Lizée Antoine , Tremblay Matthew , Agrawal Alisha , Khankhanian Pouya , Santaniello Adam , Gomez Refujia , Lincoln Robin , Tang Wendy , Chen Tiffany , Lee Nelson , Villoslada Pablo , Hollenbach Jill A , Bevan Carolyn D , Graves Jennifer , Bove Riley , Goodin Douglas S , Green Ari J , Baranzini Sergio E , Cree Bruce AC , Henry Roland G , Hauser Stephen L , Gelfand Jeffrey M , Gourraud Pierre-Antoine 
Published: January 2018

Background: Electronic medical records (EMR) data are increasingly used in research, but no studies have yet evaluated similarity between EMR and research-quality data and between characteristics of an EMR multiple sclerosis (MS) population and known natural MS history. Objectives: To (1) identify MS patients in an EMR system and extract clinical data, (2) compare EMR-extracted data with gold-standard research data, and (3) compare EMR MS population characteristics to expected MS natural history. Methods: Algorithms were implemented to identify MS patients from the University of California San Francisco EMR, de-identify the data and extract clinical variables. EMR-extracted data were compared to research cohort data in a subset of patients. Results: We identified 4142 MS patients via search of the EMR and extracted their clinical data with good accuracy. EMR and research values showed good concordance for Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), timed-25-foot walk, and subtype. We replicated several expected MS epidemiological features from MS natural history including higher EDSS for progressive versus relapsing–remitting patients and for male versus female patients and increased EDSS with age at examination and disease duration. Conclusion: Large real-world cohorts algorithmically extracted from the EMR can expand opportunities for MS clinical research.
A systematic review of technology-assisted interventions for co-morbid depression and substance use
Authors: Holmes Nicola A , van Agteren Joseph EM , Dorstyn Diana S 
Published: January 2018

Introduction Mental health interventions disseminated via, or accessed using, digital technologies are an innovative new treatment modality for managing co-morbid depression and substance use disorder. The present systematic review assessed the current state of this literature. Methods A search of the Cochrane Library, Embase, Pubmed, PsycInfo and Scopus databases identified six eligible studies ( Nparticipants = 862), utilising quasi-experimental or randomised controlled designs. Reporting quality was evaluated and Hedges’ g effect sizes (with 95% confidence intervals and p-values) were calculated to determine treatment effectiveness. Process outcomes (e.g. treatment satisfaction, attrition rates) were also examined. Results Quality ratings demonstrated high internal validity, although external validity was low. Effect size data revealed medium to large and short-term improvements in severity of depression and substance use symptoms in addition to global improvement in social, occupational and psychological functioning. Longer-term treatment effectiveness could not be established, due to the limited available data. Preliminary findings suggest that there was high client satisfaction, therapeutic alliance and client engagement. Discussion Mobile phone devices and the Internet can help to increase access to care for those with mental health co-morbidity. Large-scale and longitudinal research is, however, needed before digital mental healthcare becomes standard practice. This includes establishing critical therapeutic factors including optimum levels of assistance from clinicians.
Prosumer engagement through story-making in transmedia branding
Authors: du Plessis Charmaine 
Published: January 2018

This article pertains to prosumer engagement, an important topic in academic research on media consumption and branding. Increasingly, there have been calls in the branding literature for a more audience-centred approach to making a deeper emotional connection with consumers in an age when interactive media have become imperative for communication. Prosumers, who both consume and produce media, have a different relationship with a brand to traditional consumers, as they are more actively involved in the brand’s story. The participatory nature of transmedia branding strengthens prosumer engagement through brand stories that enable an active contribution in an immersive story world. This article considers the rise in the use of transmedia story-making within the contemporary branding environment by proposing a framework for prosumer engagement in transmedia branding. Specifically, it examines how a leading transmedia brand, LEGO, has sought to engage prosumers in an active community using elements of this framework through an integrative, immersive and spreadable story.
Alcohol-related child maltreatment
Authors: Tamutienė Ilona 
Published: January 2018

Aim: To increase understanding of alcohol-related child maltreatment on the basis of child protection cases in Lithuania. The study is based on a document content analysis of 203 case records of families at social risk. It identifies the prevalence of alcohol-related harm by analysing associations between types of drinkers and child maltreatment. It also maps the distribution of people who typically report this maltreatment. Both qualitative and quantitative analytical approaches are employed. Results: Child neglect was the most prevalent type of child maltreatment and was usually reported together with other types of child maltreatment. Child maltreatment was typically mentioned in the context of a caregiver’s heavy drinking. In 85.7% (174) of the cases, the family had at least one problem drinker. More than one problem drinker was detected in as many as a third of all cases. At least one form of child maltreatment was detected in families with a drinking mother in 60% of the cases (χ2 = 4.825, p < 0.05), with a drinking father in 36% of the cases ( p > 0.05), and in 15% of the cases ( p > 0.05) when there was a drinking partner in the family. The most common source of reporting by the authorities was the police (26.6%), and the most typical non-official source was the child’s relatives (16.3%). Conclusions: Alcohol-related child maltreatment needs special attention if issues of child safety in Lithuania are to be disclosed, evaluated, and responded to. Further research on this topic is needed.
Survey of Surgeons Regarding Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in Inguinal Hernia Repair
Authors: MacCormick A. P. , Akoh J. A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose: The use of prophylactic antibiotics in the mesh repair of inguinal hernias remains controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the perception of surgeons about surgical site infection and how this affects their clinical practice. Methods: A SurveyMonkey of general surgeons and senior surgical trainees was conducted via the local trust network and the questionnaire was displayed on the website of the Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland and Association of Surgeons in Training. Results: Eighty-one responses were received from surgeons who perform an average of 75 hernia repairs per year – the majority by open technique. Thirty-six (44.4%) used routine antibiotic prophylaxis, 40 (49.4%) selectively, and five (6.2%) not at all as the five surgeons who did not use antibiotics perceived their surgical site infection rate to be <1% and have never removed an infected mesh from a hernia wound. There was no clear difference between those who use prophylactic antibiotics routinely or selectively as the experience of mesh explantation is similar (56% versus 55% had 2–10 meshes removed respectively). Seventy-seven (95%) of surgeons felt a new specific set of guidelines was required. Conclusion: This study highlights the fact that in the absence of clear guidelines, most surgeons base their use of prophylactic antibiotics on their perceived risk or experience of surgical site infection. There is a strong need for a new set of guidelines to address the use of prophylactic antibiotics in groin hernia surgery.
Electronic cigarette burns: A case series
Authors: Gibson Cameron JS , Eshraghi Niknam , Kemalyan Nathan A , Mueller Charles 
Published: January 2018

Background There have been many reports of electronic cigarette burns and lithium ion battery explosions leading to property and/or bodily damage, but there is a paucity of data about these injuries in the medical literature. We present a series of patients treated for electronic cigarette burns and lithium ion explosions and review the literature. Methods Patients treated for electronic cigarette burns between January 2012 and December 2016 were identified. Patients were included if they suffered injuries from either an electronic cigarette device or from batteries used in the devices. Data were collected on the mode of injury, depth, size, and location of the burn, whether or not they had any surgeries and length to recovery. Results Fourteen patients were treated for electronic cigarette burns between 2012 and 2016. Burn size ranged from <1% to 6% total body surface area. Most patients suffered burns to their thighs because the battery or device exploded in their pocket. The majority suffered partial thickness burns while four patients had full thickness burns. Three patients required excision and autografting, all of which were full thickness burns. The average time to recovery was 24.5 days. Conclusions Electronic cigarettes pose a new and unique risk to consumers. Lithium ion battery explosions can cause severe injury and significant burns requiring surgery. The incidence of e-cigarette burns are expected to increase as the number of users grow.