bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern and overweight and obesity among female adolescents in Iran
Authors: Sedaghat Fatemeh , Naja Farah , Darand Mina , Beyzai Bita , Rashidkhani Bahram 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundGiven the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Iran, identification of a healthy diet is essential.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and overweight and obesity in female adolescents.MethodsTwo hundred and eighty female adolescents from high schools in Tehran were recruited. General information, physical activity and food frequency questionnaires were completed. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the Mediterranean Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS).ResultsUnder and over reporters of energy intake were excluded from the analysis (n = 37). Results indicated that prevalence of overweight and obesity was 13.3% and 12.5%, respectively. The mean of MSDPS was low in this population (15.99 ± 5.64). The MSDPS was positively associated with mother’s education level and energy intake (p < 0.05). No significant relation was observed between MSDPS and overweight and obesity among adolescents. However, there was a negative significant association between MSDPS and WHR just among students who had educated mothers [high: second median v. low: first median, odds ratio (OR) = 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.12–1.03].ConclusionAdherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern is low among adolescent females in Tehran, with no association with overweight and obesity.
Relationships between physical activity, food choices, gender and BMI in Southern Californian teenagers
Authors: Gaylis Jaclyn B. , Levy Susan S. , Kviatkovsky Shiloah , DeHamer Rebecca , Hong Mee Young 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Given the increased prevalence of pediatric obesity and risk of developing chronic disease, there has been great interest in preventing these conditions during childhood by focusing on healthy lifestyle habits, including nutritious eating and physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between PA, body mass index (BMI) and food choices in adolescent males and females. This cross-sectional study, using a survey questionnaire, evaluated 1212 Southern Californian adolescents’ self-reported PA, BMI and food frequency. Results revealed that even though males are more active than females, they have higher BMI percentile values (p < 0.05). Females consumed salad, vegetables and fruit more frequently than males (p < 0.05), where males consumed hamburgers, pizza, red meat, processed meat, eggs, fish, fruit juice, soda and whole milk more frequently than females (p < 0.05). Overweight/obese teens consumed red meat, processed meat and cheese more frequently than healthy weight teens (p < 0.05), yet there was no difference in PA between healthy and overweight/obese teens. These results demonstrate that higher levels of PA may not counteract an unhealthy diet. Even though PA provides numerous metabolic and health benefits, this study suggests that healthy food choices may have a protective effect against overweight and obesity. Healthy food choices, along with PA, should be advocated to improve adolescent health by encouraging maintenance of a healthy weight into adulthood.
Effect of a brief training program for primigravid adolescents on parenting self-efficacy and mother-infant bonding in the southeast of Iran
Authors: Moudi Zahra , Talebi Behjat , Pour Mahnaz Shahraki 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Annually, about 16 million adolescent girls give birth, accounting for 11% of all births worldwide. Ninety-five percent of these births occur in low- and middle-income countries, and previous studies have addressed the need for parenting interventions in developing countries with limited health care resources to improve parenting behaviors.

Objective
To explore the effect of a brief training program for primigravid adolescents on parenting self-efficacy and mother-infant bonding.

Subjects
We enrolled 116 married pregnant adolescents.

Methods
This quasi-experimental study was conducted during August 22, 2016–February 3, 2017. The intervention group received three sessions of training on neonatal care, while the control group received the routine care. We evaluated parenting self-efficacy using the Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMP S-E) questionnaire, the mother-infant bonding using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) and social support by means of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The participants were followed up for 1 month.

Results
The mean ages of the intervention and the control groups were 16.37 ± 0.97 and 16.27 ± 1.12 years, respectively. The intervention group obtained higher self-efficacy and bonding scores compared to the control group. The logistic regression model showed that the second (evoking behaviors) and the third (reading behavior or signaling) subscales of the PMP S-E, the route of delivery and women’s educational levels could predict the mother-infant bonding scores.

Conclusion
Primigravid adolescents can benefit from brief interventions during pregnancy through improving their parenting self-efficacy and mother-infant bonding.
Cross-sectional comparison of age-related changes in the quadriceps femoris in Japanese basketball players
Authors: Sekine Yuta , Hirose Norikazu 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
This study examines age-related changes in the quadriceps femoris (QF), subdivided into the vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus intermedius (VI) and vastus lateralis (VL) in basketball players.

Subjects
Seventy male basketball players were divided into four groups according to age (12–13, 14–15, 16–17, and 18–20 years).

Methods
Ultrasonography was used to measure muscle architecture of the VMO, VM, RF, VI and VL. We created cubic approximate expressions and calculated inflexion points to evaluate peak growth age of each muscle head.

Results
Significant interactions were observed for all QF parts (p < 0.01–0.001). Muscle thickness (MT) in all QF parts was significantly lower in 12–13-year olds than in 18–20-year olds (p < 0.01–0.001). Significant differences were recognised between 12–13 and 16–17-year olds in VM (p < 0.001), RF (p < 0.001) and VL (p = 0.007). MT was significantly lower in 14–15-year olds than in 16–17-year olds in the VM (p = 0.007) and RF (p = 0.026) and in 18–20 year olds in the VM (p < 0.001), RF (p = 0.036) and VI (p < 0.001). Peak growth age was estimated for each QF part (VMO, 155.0 months; VM, 187.8 months; RF, 212.2 months, VI, 188.9 months; VL, 181.1 months).

Conclusion
QF parts have different growth rates due to differing functions in each muscle head.
Comparing health promotion behaviors of male and female high school students in Southeast of Iran
Authors: Salari Nasibeh , Farokhzadian Jamileh , Abazari Faroukh 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Adolescence is one of the most challenging periods of human life. Many healthy or risky behaviors may be formed during this period and continue to the end of life. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the health promotion behaviors of male and female students in high schools.

Methods
In this descriptive-comparative study, 609 high school students were selected using multi-stage random sampling method. Data were collected using demographic and health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLPII) questionnaires.

Results
The mean of health promotion behaviors was moderate in female (2.43 ± 0.46) and male (2.61 ± 0.45) students. The highest and lowest means in the male students were respectively the dimensions of spiritual growth and health responsibility. Also, the highest and lowest means in the female students were dimensions of interpersonal relationships as well as physical activity and exercise. The status of male health promotion behaviors was significantly more favorable than that of the female (p = 0.001, t = −4.71). The male students had a better situation than female in terms of all the six dimensions of HPLPII, so there was a significant difference between them in the four dimensions of spiritual growth, stress management, physical activity and health responsibility. There was also a significant relationship between the history of physical and mental illness in the past year and the students’ health promotion behaviors (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The results indicated the importance of promoting self-care and educational interventions in the aspects such as physical activity and health responsibility of young people in order to improve the health of the community.
Prevalence of obesity among youths in Mississippi: United States, 1999–2015
Authors: Aranmolate Rasaki 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of obesity among youths has become a public health problem. The trend in the prevalence of obesity among high school students in Mississippi has not been examined in the last 17 years.

Methods
The data from the Mississippi High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey from 1999 to 2015 were used to determine the prevalence of obesity. The definition of obesity was based on age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) of more than 95th percentile, according to 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. The differences in the groups were examined using the univariate t-test statistical analysis at p < 0.05 and frequency distribution to determine the percentage differences.

Results
There was a decline in the prevalence of obesity from 1999 to 2015 among Whites but no significant decrease among Blacks. The prevalence based on race in 2105 was 18.9%, which is higher than 14.4% in 1999 and remaining years. The rate of obesity based on race and sex was 27.7% among Blacks and 15.9% among White males in 2015. The Black females had prevalence of 20.6%, which is higher than their White counterpart (12.1%) in 2015 and previous years.

Conclusion
The prevalence of obesity among Blacks was higher when compared to White students. There was an increased prevalence of obesity in males over females. Students in 9th and 10th grade had a higher prevalence of obesity than those in 11th and 12th grade.
HEEADSSS up: pediatric residents’ confidence and practice in adolescent health care before and after mandatory adolescent medicine rotations in Thailand
Authors: Areemit Rosawan S. , Manaboriboon Boonying , In-iw Supinya , Arunakul Jiraporn , Areekul Wirote 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
The field of adolescent medicine is an emerging area of specialization in Thailand. Adolescent medicine was made a mandatory rotation in general pediatric residency training programs for the class of 2013.

Objective
This study aims to explore the difference in pediatric residents’ confidence and the frequency in providing aspects of care to adolescents.

Subjects
Participants included two groups of pediatric residents; the former curriculum group (FCG) in 2012 and the mandatory curriculum group (MCG) in 2015.

Methods
Participants in this cross-sectional study answered a 41-item self-administered questionnaire and results were analyzed by descriptive statistics.

Results
There were 91 participants, 50.05% were in the MCG. The FCG reported a higher percentage of feeling “more confident” on physical examination (p = 0.031, V = 0.23) and growth assessment (p = 0.040, V = 0.22). The MCG reported a higher percentage of “more frequently” carrying out the psychosocial assessment (p = 0.035, V = 0.22).

Conclusion
The FCG reported higher levels of confidence than the MCG in most of the items, while the MCG reported higher levels of frequency in providing care. The psychosocial (HEEADSSS) assessment, a key aspect of the adolescent clinical visit, was the item that the MCG reported doing more frequently than the FCG which remained significant when only the postgraduate year of training (PGY) 4s were compared.
Pexider type equation on a region
Authors: Chudziak Małgorzata , Sobek Barbara 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We consider the problem of existence and uniqueness of
extensions for the solutions of the Pexider type equation

f
⁢

(

x
+
y

)

=

g
⁢

(
x
)

+

h
⁢

(
y
)

+

k
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
l
⁢

(
y
)

{f(x+y)=g(x)+h(y)+k(x)l(y)}

for

(
x
,
y
)

∈
D

{(x,y)\in D}

, where X is a normed space and D is a nonempty open and connected subset of

X
2

{X^{2}}

.
Finite groups with a trivial Chermak–Delgado subgroup
Authors: McCulloch Ryan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Chermak–Delgado lattice of a finite group is a modular, self-dual sublattice of the lattice of subgroups ofG. The least element of the Chermak–Delgado lattice ofGis known as the Chermak–Delgado subgroup ofG. This paper concerns groups with a trivial Chermak–Delgado subgroup. We prove that if the Chermak–Delgado lattice of such a group is lattice isomorphic to a Cartesian product of lattices, then the group splits as a direct product, with the Chermak–Delgado lattice of each direct factor being lattice isomorphic to one of the lattices in the Cartesian product. We establish many properties of such groups and properties of subgroups in the Chermak–Delgado lattice. We define a CD-minimal group to be an indecomposable group with a trivial Chermak–Delgado subgroup. We establish lattice theoretic properties of Chermak–Delgado lattices of CD-minimal groups. We prove an extension theorem for CD-minimal groups, and use the theorem to produce twelve examples of CD-minimal groups, each having different CD lattices. Curiously, quasi-antichainp-group lattices play a major role in the author’s constructions.
Diagnoses and referral pattern at a first seizure clinic in London
Authors: Palka Duncan , Yogarajah Mahinda , Cock Hannah R. , Mula Marco 
Published: November 2017

Summary
Background. Epilepsy is among the most frequent neurological conditions and it is estimated that approximately 8% of the population experience a seizure at some time in their lives.
Aim. To examine the characteristics of patients referred to a First Seizure Clinic (FSC) at a University Hospital in South-West London.
Methods. All subjects referred to the FSC at St George’s University Hospitals between January and December 2015 were included in this audit.
Results. From a total of 257 patients, males 49.5%, age range 16–90, 30% referred by General Practices (GPs), 59.1% by the Accident & Emergency Department (A&E) and 10.9% by other hospital wards, 24.5% did not attend (DNA) the clinical appointment. Females who did not attend were significantly older than males (49.8 years old vs 39.7; p = 0.007). Among those who attended the clinical appointment, 17% were diagnosed first unprovoked seizure, 12.4% acute symptomatic seizure and 28.9% epilepsy. These patients were referred mainly by A&E while GPs referred seizure mimics especially non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD) and syncope. Patients with NEAD were significantly younger than those with seizures (29.4 years old vs 44.2; p < 0.001) and had a previous psychiatric history (72.7% vs 16.8%; p < 0.001). The proportion of seizure mimics was similar in the older sample group (> 65 years). Regarding acute symptomatic seizures, 33.3% were alcohol-related, 20.8% acute brain insults and 12.5% drug-related (always overdose).
Conclusions. 1 in 4 patients referred to a FSC does not attend the clinical appointment, especially older females. More than 1 in 3 cases represent seizure mimics and are referred mainly by GPs.
Laboratory studies on bedload transport under unsteady flow conditions
Authors: Mrokowska Magdalena M. , Rowiński Paweł M. , Książek Leszek , Strużyński Andrzej , Wyrębek Maciej , Radecki-Pawlik Artur 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Two sets of triangular hydrographs were generated in a 12-m-long laboratory flume for two sets of initial bed conditions: intact and water-worked gravel bed. Flowrate ranging from 0.0013 m3 s-1 to 0.0456 m3 s-1, water level ranging from 0.02 m to 0.11 m, and cumulative mass of transported sediment ranging from 4.5 kg to 14.2 kg were measured. Then, bedload transport rate, water surface slope, bed shear stress, and stream power were evaluated. The results indicated the impact of initial bed conditions and flow unsteadiness on bedload transport rate and total sediment yield. Difference in ratio between the amount of supplied sediment and total sediment yield for tests with different initial conditions was observed. Bedload rate, bed shear stress, and stream power demonstrated clock-wise hysteretic relation with flowrate. The study revealed practical aspects of experimental design, performance, and data analysis. Water surface slope evaluation based on spatial water depth data was discussed. It was shown that for certain conditions stream power was more adequate for the analysis of sediment transport dynamics than the bed shear stress. The relations between bedload transport dynamics, and flow and sediment parameters obtained by dimensional and multiple regression analysis were presented.
The effects of stemflow on redistributing precipitation and infiltration around shrubs
Authors: Jian Shengqi , Zhang Xueli , Li Dong , Wang Deng , Wu Zening , Hu Caihong 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The experiments of stemflow of two semiarid shrubs (Caragana korshinskii and Hippophae rhamnoides) and its effect on soil water enhancement were conducted from 1st May to 30th September of 2009-2013 in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Stemflow values in C. korshinskii and H. rhamnoides averaged 6.7% and 2.4% of total rainfall. The rainfall threshold for stemflow generation was 0.5 and 2.5 mm for C. korshinskii and H. rhamnoides. When rainfall was less than 17.0 mm, the funnelling ratios were highly variable, however, stable funnelling ratios were found for rainfall greater than 17.0 mm for C. korshinskii. The funnelling ratios of H. rhamnoides first increased until a threshold value of 10.0 mm and then the funnelling ratios begin stabilize. The wetting front depths in the area around stem was 1.4-6.7 and 1.3-2.9 times deeper than area outside the canopy for C. korshinskii and H. rhamnoides. Soil moisture at soil depth 0-200 cm was 25.6% and 23.4% higher in soil around stem than that outside canopy for C. korshinskii and H. rhamnoides. The wetting front advanced to depths of 120 and 100 cm in the area around stem and to depths of 50 cm in the area outside the canopy for C. korshinskii and H. rhamnoides suggested that more rain water can be conserved into the deep soil layers through shrub stemflow. Soil moisture was enhanced in the area outside the shrub canopy, only when rainfall depth is > 4.7 and 5.1 mm, which is an effective rainfall for the area for C. korshinskii and H. rhamnoides. While for the area around stem of C. korshinskii and H. rhamnoides, the corresponding threshold values are 3.2 and 4.3 mm. These results confirmed that stemflow has a positive effect on soil moisture balance of the root zone and the enhancement in soil moisture of deeper soil layers.
Development and Assessment of Planetary Gear Unit for Experimental Prototype of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Urbahs A. , Urbaha M. , Carjova K. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The theoretical calculation for development of planetary gear unit of wind turbine (WT) and its experimental tests are presented in the paper. Development of experimental prototypes from composite materials is essential to determine capability of element and its impact on feature. Two experimental scale prototypes of planetary gear unit for WT were developed for such purposes. Hall transducer, servomechanisms and optical tachometers were used to obtain results, comparison analysis of theoretical and actual data was performed as well as quality assessment of experimental prototypes of planetary gear unit. After kinematic and load analysis as well as control of rotation frequency, it is possible to declare that the unit is able to operate at designated quality. Theoretical calculations and test results obtained are used for industrial WT prototype development.
Foam sclerotherapy during shunt surgery for portal hypertension and varices
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Chen Xueming , Li Chenyu , Feng Hai , Yu Hongzhi , Zhu Renming , Wang Tianyou 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis preliminary study investigated the clinical safety and efficacy of foam sclerotherapy during shunt surgery to treat portal hypertension and gastroesophageal varices.MethodsSeven patients with confirmed portal hypertension and a variceal bleeding history underwent mesocaval shunt with simultaneous polidocanol foam injection into the varices. Computed tomography and endoscopic reviews were conducted within two weeks following the procedures and around six months later.ResultsSix patients underwent side-to-side mesocaval shunt. One received a prosthetic mesocaval shunt. Polidocanol foam was injected into the gastric varices or the inferior mesenteric vein during the surgery. Surgical success and survival was achieved in all patients. Gastric ulcer formation and thrombocytopenia occurred in one patient respectively, which were ameliorated by conservative treatment. During 12 to 24 months’ follow-up, three patients had obvious decrease or eradication of gastroesophageal varices; four patients had obvious decrease of gastric varices but residual esophageal varices; and all patents had unobstructed shunts. Encephalopathy occurred in one patient two months postoperatively. No sclerosant-related complications were observed and no postoperative recurrent variceal bleeding occurred.ConclusionsFoam sclerotherapy during shunt surgery is safe and effective for portal hypertension and varices treatment.
Age-related changes in microglial physiology: the role for healthy brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Garaschuk Olga 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Microglia are the main immune cells of the brain contributing, however, not only to brain’s immune defense but also to many basic housekeeping functions such as development and maintenance of functional neural networks, provision of trophic support for surrounding neurons, monitoring and modulating the levels of synaptic activity, cleaning of accumulating extracellular debris and repairing microdamages of the brain parenchyma. As a consequence, age-related alterations in microglial function likely have a manifold impact on brain’s physiology. In this review, I discuss the recent data about physiological properties of microglia in the adult mammalian brain; changes observed in the brain innate immune system during healthy aging and the probable biological mechanisms responsible for them as well as changes occurring in humans and mice during age-related neurodegenerative disorders along with underlying cellular/molecular mechanisms. Together these data provide a new conceptual framework for thinking about the role of microglia in the context of age-mediated brain dysfunction.