bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative Incidence of a Subsequent Surgery After Stress Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Procedure
Authors: Wu Jennifer M. , Dieter Alexis A. , Pate Virginia , Funk Michele Jonsson 
Published: September 2017

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2017;129:1124–1130)
A commonly cited article published in1997 estimated that the risk of reoperation after stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) was 29%. However, this high reoperation rate was based on only 400 women who underwent surgery in the Northwest region of the United States in 1995 (Obstet Gynecol 1997;89:501).
Outcome After Implementation of a Modern Management Strategy for Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Authors: Kohari Katherine S. , Carroll Rachel , Capogna Stephanie , Ditchik Andrew , Fox Nathan S. , Ferrara Lauren A. 
Published: September 2017

(Abstracted from J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017;30(11):1342–1346)
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes, including stillbirth, spontaneous preterm birth, and passage of meconium. Management of ICP patients consists of both controlling symptoms and minimizing fetal/neonatal risk for complications.
Associations of Maternal Antidepressant Use During the First Trimester of Pregnancy With Preterm Birth, Small for Gestational Age, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring
Authors: Sujan Ayesha C. , Rickert Martin E. , Öberg A. Sara , Quinn Patrick D. , Hernández-Díaz Sonia , Almqvist Catarina , Lichtenstein Paul , Larsson Henrik , D'Onofrio Brian M. 
Published: September 2017

(Abstracted from JAMA 2017;317(15):1553–1562)
While antidepressant use during pregnancy has been associated with adverse birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes, these associations may be attributed to confounding factors, such as genetic influences, maternal stress, or poor health practices during pregnancy. This study used 4 observational designs to investigate these associations, including sibling and paternal information.
The ethics of creating genetically modified children using genome editing
Authors: Ishii Tetsuya 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
To review the recent ethical, legal, and social issues surrounding human reproduction involving germline genome editing.

Recent findings
Genome editing techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9, have facilitated genetic modification in human embryos. The most likely purpose of germline genome editing is the prevention of serious genetic disease in offspring. However, complex issues still remain, including irremediable risks to fetuses and future generations, the role of women, the availability of alternatives, long-term follow-up, health insurance coverage, misuse for human enhancement, and the potential effects on adoption. Further discussions, a broad consensus, and appropriate regulations are required before human germline genome editing is introduced into the global society.

Summary
Before germline genome editing is used for disease prevention, a broad consensus must be formed by carefully discussing its ethical, legal, and social issues.
Performance of simple noninvasive scoring systems for the prediction of advanced fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Lang Sonja , Kütting Fabian , Staub Agnes , Schramowski Jessica , Schramm Christoph , Kasper Philipp , Goeser Tobias , Steffen Hans-Michael , Demir Münevver 
Published: September 2017

Background and aim
The aim of the study was to analyze the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of simple noninvasive tests for the detection of advanced fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection seen at a tertiary referral center in Germany.

Patients and methods
We retrospectively analyzed 239 adult CHB patients with available liver biopsies. Patient demographics, hepatitis B markers, antiviral treatment, laboratory parameters, results from liver imaging, and histology were recorded. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were determined along with the area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) using published formulas and cut-off values for fibrosis index based on the four factors, aspartate aminotransferase–alanine aminotransferase ratio index (AAR), aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and age–platelet index.

Results
The median documented duration of CHB infection was 31 months (range: 6–340 months); 86% of the patients were Caucasian and 71% were men. The AUROCs for the detection of advanced fibrosis were 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67–0.82], 0.72 (95% CI: 0.64–0.80), 0.48 (95% CI: 0.39–0.56), and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.66–0.81) for fibrosis index the four factors, APRI, AAR, and age–platelet index, respectively. Patients with advanced fibrosis on biopsy were misclassified as having mild fibrosis in 35% (APRI) to 82% (AAR) of cases.

Conclusion
Because of their moderate test performance (AUROCs: 0.48–0.75) and their high misclassification rate, we could not confirm a reliable clinical utility for the analyzed noninvasive fibrosis scoring systems for the prediction of advanced fibrosis in mostly Caucasian CHB patients.
Ubiquitination-Deficient Mutations in Human Piwi Cause Male Infertility by Impairing Histone-to-Protamine Exchange During Spermiogenesis
Authors: Gou Lan-Tao , Kang Jun-Yan , Dai Peng , Wang Xin , Li Feng , Zhao Shuang , Zhang Man , Hua Min-Min , Lu Yi , Zhu Yong , Li Zheng , Chen Hong , Wu Li-Gang , Li Dangsheng , Fu Xiang-Dong , Li Jinsong , Shi Hui-Juan , Liu Mo-Fang 
Published: September 2017

(Abstracted from Cell 2017;169:1090–1104)
Genetic studies in worms, flies, fish, and mice indicate that the evolutionarily conserved Piwi proteins are specifically expressed during the development of the animal germline and are essential for gametogenesis in animals. Vertebrate Piwi proteins include MIWI in mice and HIWI in humans.
Medication Errors at Hospital Admission and Discharge: Risk Factors and Impact of Medication Reconciliation Process to Improve Healthcare
Authors: Breuker Cyril , Macioce Valérie , Mura Thibault , Castet-Nicolas Audrey , Audurier Yohan , Boegner Catherine , Jalabert Anne , Villiet Maxime , Avignon Antoine , Sultan Ariane 
Published: September 2017

Objective
First, the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence, characteristics, and severity of unintended medication discrepancies (UMDs) and medication errors (MEs) at admission and discharge of hospitalization. Second, the aim of the study was to identify clinical and hospitalization factors associated with risk of UMDs as well as characteristics of the medication reconciliation process associated with UMDs detection.

Methods
This prospective observational study included all adult patients admitted from 2013 to 2015 in the Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition Department of Montpellier Hospital, France. Clinical pharmacists conducted medication reconciliation by collecting the best possible medication history from different sources and comparing it with admission and discharge prescriptions to identify discrepancies. Unintended medication discrepancies corrected by the physician were considered as MEs. Risk factors of UMDs were identified with logistic regression.

Results
Of 904 patients included, 266 (29.4%) had at least one UMD, at admission or at discharge. In total, 378 (98.2%) of 385 UMDs were considered to be MEs. Most MEs were omissions (59.3%). Medication errors were serious or very serious in 36% of patients and had potentially moderate severity in almost 40% of patients. The risk of UMDs increased constantly with the number of treatments (P < 0.001). Thyroid (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.12–2.86) and infectious diseases (adjusted OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.17–2.78) were associated with UMDs risk at admission. The best type of source for the detection of UMDs was the general practitioner or nurse (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.51–4.63).

Conclusions
Unintended medication discrepancies are frequent at hospital and depend on intrinsic clinical parameters but also on practice of medication reconciliation process, such as number and type of sources used.
The use of methylphenidate to relieve fatigue
Authors: Rojí Rocío , Centeno Carlos 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
To review recent evidence on the efficacy and safety of methylphenidate as a symptomatic treatment of patients with cancer-related fatigue (CRF).

Recent findings
Five clinical trials published since 2011 were identified. Two of these concluded that methylphenidate is more efficacious than placebo in providing relief from CRF, but the remaining three showed no difference in favour of methylphenidate. The studies were heterogeneous as per the dosage, scales used for evaluating fatigue and the target group studied. None of the studies detected serious reactions, and only mild and infrequent side-effects of methylphenidate were reported. Three new metanalyses show the slightly superior effect of methylphenidate compared to placebo in CRF.

Summary
Overall, literature supports the existence of moderate benefit of methylphenidate in CRF, backed up by weak evidence. Future studies should aim at better identifying the profile of patients who would benefit most from this pharmacological intervention.
Cardiac Surgery After Heart Transplantation: Elective Operation or Last Exit Strategy?
Authors: Goekler Johannes , Zuckermann Andreas , Osorio Emilio , Brkic Faris F. , Uyanik-Uenal Keziban , Laufer Guenther , Aliabadi-Zuckermann Arezu 
Published: September 2017

Background
Because of improved long-term survival after heart transplantation (HTx), late graft pathologies such as valvular disease or cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) might need surgical intervention to enhance longer survival and ensure quality of life. To this date, there exist no guidelines for indication of cardiac surgery other than retransplantation after HTx.

Methods
In this retrospective, single-center study, we evaluated patients who underwent cardiac surgery after HTx at our institution.

Results
Between March 1984 and October 2016, 17 (1.16%) of 1466 HTx patients underwent cardiac surgery other than retransplantation after HTx. Indication were valvular disease (n = 7), CAV (n = 6), and other (n = 4). Of these, 29.4% (n = 5) were emergency procedures and 70.6% were elective cases. Median age at time of surgery was 61 years (interquartile range, 52-66 years); 82.4% (n = 14) were male. Median time to surgery after HTx was 9.3 years (2.7-11.1 years). In-hospital, mortality was 11.8% (n = 2); later need of retransplantation was 11.8% (n = 2) due to progressing CAV 3 to 9 months after surgery. One-year survival was 82.35%; overall survival was 47.1% (n = 8) with a median follow-up of 1477 days (416-2135 days). Overall survival after emergency procedures was 209 days (36-1119.5 days) whereas, for elective procedures, it was 1583.5 days (901.5-4319 days).

Conclusions
Incidence of cardiac surgery after HTx in our cohort was low (1.16%) compared with that of other studies. In elective cases, long-term survival was good.
From lake to estuary, the tale of two waters. A study of aquatic continuum biogeochemistry
Authors: Julian Paul , Osborne Todd Z. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe balance of fresh and saline water is essential to estuarine ecosystem function. Along the fresh-brackish-saline water gradient within the C-43 canal/Caloosahatchee River estuary (CRE) the quantity, timing and distribution of water and associated water quality significantly influences ecosystem function. Long-term trends of water quality and quantity were assessed from Lake Okeechobee to the CRE between May 1978 to April 2016. Significant changes to monthly flow volumes were detected between the lake and the estuary which correspond to changes in upstream management. and climatic events. Across the 37-year period total phosphorus (TP) flow-weighted mean (FWM) concentration significantly increased at the lake, meanwhile total nitrogen (TN) FMW concentrations significantly declined at both the lake and estuary headwaters. Between May 1999 and April 2016, TN, TP and total organic carbon (TOC), ortho-P and ammonium conditions were assessed within the estuary at several monitoring locations. Generally nutrient concentrations decreased from upstream to downstream with shifts in TN:TP from values >20 in the freshwater portion, ~20 in the estuarine portion and <20 in the marine portion indicating a spatial shift in nutrient limitations along the continuum. Aquatic productivity analysis suggests that the estuary is net heterotrophic with productivity being negatively influenced by TP, TN and TOC likely due to a combination of effects including shading by high color dissolved organic matter. We conclude that rainfall patterns, land use and the resulting discharges of run-off drives the ecology of the C-43/CRE aquatic continuum and associated biogeochemistry rather than water management associated with Lake Okeechobee.
Synthetic negative feedback circuits using engineered small RNAs
Authors: Kelly Ciarán L. , Harris Andreas W. K. , Steel Harrison , Hancock Edward J. , Heap John T. , Papachristodoulou Antonis 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTNegative feedback is known to endow biological and man-made systems with robust performance in the face of uncertainties and disturbances. To date, synthetic biological feedback circuits have relied upon protein-based, transcriptional regulation to control circuit output. Small RNAs (sRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules which can inhibit translation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In this paper, we designed, modelled and built two synthetic negative feedback circuits that use rationally-designed sRNAs for the first time. The first circuit builds upon the well characterisedtet-based autorepressor, incorporating an externally-inducible sRNA to tune the effective feedback strength. This allows more precise fine-tuning of the circuit output in contrast to the sigmoidal input-output response of the autorepressor alone. In the second circuit, the output is a transcription factor that induces expression of an sRNA which negatively regulates the translation of the mRNA encoding this output, creating direct, closed-loop, negative feedback. Analysis of the noise profiles of both circuits showed that the use of sRNAs did not result in large increases in noise. Stochastic and deterministic modelling of both circuits agreed well with experimental data. Finally, simulations using fitted parameters allowed dynamic attributes of each circuit such as response time and disturbance rejection to be investigated.
iSeg: an efficient algorithm for segmentation of genomic and epigenomic data
Authors: Girimurugan S.B. , Liu Yuhang , Lung Pei-Yau , Vera Daniel L. , Dennis Jonathan H. , Bass Hank W. , Zhang Jinfeng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of functional elements of a genome often requires dividing a sequence of measurements along a genome into segments where adjacent segments have different properties, such as different mean values. This problem is often called the segmentation problem in the field of genomics, and the change-point problem in other scientific disciplines. Despite dozens of algorithms developed to address this problem in genomics research, methods with improved accuracy and speed are still needed to effectively tackle both existing and emerging genomic and epigenomic segmentation problems.ResultsWe designed an efficient algorithm, called iSeg, for segmentation of genomic and epigenomic profiles. iSeg first utilizes dynamic programming to identify candidate segments and test for significance. It then uses a novel data structure based on two coupled balanced binary trees to detect overlapping significant segments and update them simultaneously during searching and refinement stages. Refinement and merging of significant segments are performed at the end to generate the final set of segments. By using an objective function based on thep-values of the segments, the algorithm can serve as a general computational framework to be combined with different assumptions on the distributions of the data. As a general segmentation method, it can segment different types of genomic and epigenomic data, such as DNA copy number variation, nucleosome occupancy, nuclease sensitivity, and differential nuclease sensitivity data. Using simple t-tests to computep-values across multiple datasets of different types, we evaluate iSeg using both simulated and experimental datasets and show that it performs satisfactorily when compared with some other popular methods, which often employ more sophisticated statistical models. Implemented in C++, iSeg is also very computationally efficient, well suited for large numbers of input profiles and data with very long sequences.ConclusionsWe have developed an effective and efficient general-purpose segmentation tool for sequential data and illustrated its use in segmentation of genomic and epigenomic profiles.
Oscillations synchronize amygdala-to-prefrontal primate circuits during aversive learning
Authors: Taub Aryeh , Paz Rony 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe contribution of oscillatory synchrony in the primate amygdala-prefrontal pathway to aversive learning remains unknown. We found increased power and phase synchrony in the theta range during aversive conditioning. The synchrony was linked to single-unit spiking and exhibited specific directionality between input and output measures in each region. Although it was correlated with the development of conditioned responses, it declined once the association stabilized. The results suggest that amygdala spikes aid to synchronize ACC activity and transfer error-signal information to support memory formation.HighlightsTone-odor conditioning induces theta phase-reset in primate amygdala and dACCA directional phase-locking develops between amygdala spikes and dACC ThetaInformation transfer from Amygdala to dACC decreases once memory stabilizes
Rats and axolotls share a common molecular signature after spinal cord injury enriched in collagen-1
Authors: Didangelos Athanasios , Bartus Katalin , Tica Jure , Puglia Michele , Roschitzki Bernd , Bradbury Elizabeth J. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTSpinal cord injury (SCI) in mammals leads to irreversible tissue damage and loss of function. In contrast, axolotls are able to regenerate scar-free the injured spinal cord. To explore new pathological mechanisms, we compared rat versus axolotl transcriptomics and isolated genes shared between species post-SCI. Unexpectedly, multiple transcripts involved in extracellular matrix remodelling, in particular collagen-1, were upregulated in both species after SCI. Proteomics validated persistent expression of the collagen-enriched matrix signature at the protein level. Collagen-1 accumulated in early and advanced rat lesions. Importantly, collagen-1 was likely associated with pathological vascular remodelling rather than classic fibrosis and the transcription factor SP1 was predicted and validated to regulate, at least in part, the expression of collagen-1 in rat lesions.
Snord116-dependent diurnal rhythm of DNA methylation in mouse cortex
Authors: Coulson Rochelle L. , Yasui Dag H. , Dunaway Keith , Laufer Benjamin I. , Vogel Ciernia Annie , Mordaunt Charles E. , Totah Theresa S. , LaSalle Janine M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRhythmic oscillations of physiological processes depend on integrating the circadian clock and diurnal environment. DNA methylation is epigenetically responsive to daily rhythms, as a subset of CpG dinucleotides in brain exhibit diurnal rhythmic methylation. A major genetic effect on rhythmic methylation was identified in a mouseSnordll6deletion model of the imprinted disorder Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Of the >23,000 diurnally rhythmic CpGs identified in wild-type cortex, 97% lost rhythmic methylation in PWS cortex. Circadian dysregulation of a second imprintedSnordcluster at the Temple/Kagami-Ogata syndrome locus was observed at the level of methylation, transcription, and chromatin, providing mechanistic evidence of crosstalk. Genes identified by diurnal epigenetic changes in PWS mice overlapped rhythmic and PWS-specific genes in human brain and were enriched for PWS-relevant obesity phenotypes and pathways. These results support the proposed evolutionary relationship between imprinting and sleep, and suggest possible chronotherapy in the treatment of PWS and related disorders.
Within and across-trial dynamics of human EEG reveal cooperative interplay between reinforcement learning and working memory
Authors: Collins Anne GE , Frank Michael J 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLearning from rewards and punishments is essential to survival, and facilitates flexible human behavior. It is widely appreciated that multiple cognitive and reinforcement learning systems contribute to behavior, but the nature of their interactions is elusive. Here, we leverage novel methods for extracting trial-by-trial indices of reinforcement learning (RL) and working memory (WM) in human electroencephalography to reveal single trial computations beyond that afforded by behavior alone. Within-trial dynamics confirmed that increases in neural expectation were predictive of reduced neural surprise in the following feedback period, supporting central tenets of RL models. Cross-trial dynamics revealed a cooperative interplay between systems for learning, in which WM contributes expectations to guide RL, despite competition between systems during choice. Together, these results provide a deeper understanding of how multiple neural systems interact for learning and decision making, and facilitate analysis of their disruption in clinical populations.One sentence summaryDecoding of dynamical neural signals in humans reveals cooperation between cognitive and habit learning systems.
Differentiating control, monitoring and oversight
Authors: Cullen Margaret M. , Brennan Niamh M. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeBoards of directors are assumed to exercise three key accountability roles – control, monitoring and oversight roles. By researching one board type – investment fund boards – and the power relations around those boards, the purpose of this paper is to show that such boards are not capable of operating the three key roles assumed of them.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted 25 in-depth interviews and a focus group session with investment fund directors applying a grounded theory methodology.FindingsBecause of their unique position of power, the authors find that fund promoter organisations (that establish and attract investors to the funds) exercise control and monitoring roles. As a result, contrary to prior assumptions, oversight is the primary role of investment fund boards, rather than the control role or monitoring role associated with corporate boards. The findings can be extended to other board-of-director contexts in which boards (e.g. subsidiary boards, boards of state-owned entities) have legal responsibility but limited power because of power exercised by other parties such as large shareholders.Practical implicationsShareholders and regulators generally assume boards exercise control and monitoring roles. This can lead to an expectations gap on the part of shareholders and regulators who may not consider the practical realities in which boards operate. This expectations gap compromises the very objective of governance – investor protection.Originality/valueBased on interviews with investment fund directors, the authors challenge the control-role theory of investment fund boards of directors. Building on our findings, and following subsequent conceptual engagement with the literature, the authors differentiate control, monitoring and oversight roles, terms which are often used interchangeably in prior research. The authors distinguish between the three terms on the basis of the level of influence implied by each.