bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Occurrence of Lower Respiratory Aspergillosis and Pneumoconiosis in a Turkey Flock
Authors: Timurkaan Necati , Eroksuz Hatice , Ongor Hasan , Cevik Aydin , Karabulut Burak , Toraman Zulal Asci , Eroksuz Yesari , Incili Canan Akdeniz 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study describes a concurrent occurrence of lower respiratory aspergillosis and pneumoconiosis in a turkey flock. From one flock of 1000 turkeys, 4 clinically affected turkeys were examined pathologically and microbiologically. Clinically affected turkeys showed anorexia, lethargy, drooping of the wing, vomiting, dyspnea and open-beak breathing, or sudden dead. Gross lesions were observed in the air sacs and lungs which presented white to yellowish granulomas of varying size. Microscopic there was multifocal granulomatous airsacculitis and pneumonia. At the center of the granulomas, fungal hyphae were clearly highlighted in the lungs and air sacs by Gomori methenamie silver (GMS) staining. In the microbiological cultivation of the affected lungs and air sacs, Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Furthermore, dark black dust accumulations were present in the cytoplasm of macrophages or interstitial tissue in the lungs and air sacs. There were also fibrosis and lymphohistiocytic cell infiltrations around the particles. Overall, this study could implicated that pneumoconiosis might be a predisposing factor in the development of respiratory aspergillosis in turkeys.
Fahrerspezifische Geschwindigkeitsprofile für die automatische oder die kooperative Fahrt
Authors: Schacher Samuel , Hoedt Jens , King Rudibert 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Fahrerspezifische Beschleunigungsmuster können eingesetzt werden, um Assistenzfunktionen optimal auf die Fahrzeuginsassen
abzustimmen. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methodik vorgestellt, um Geschwindigkeitsprofile für Fahrer mit unterschiedlichen
Fahrstilen zu generieren. Zusätzlich wird ein effizienter Ansatz zur Begrenzung des Längsrucks eingeführt.
Technological applications of volatile corrosion inhibitors
Authors: Valdez Benjamin , Schorr Michael , Cheng Nelson , Beltran Ernesto , Salinas Ricardo 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The objective of this review is to create a body of knowledge on the theoretical and practical aspects of corrosion inhibition to prevent and/or to eliminate corrosion in natural environments such as water, air, and acids and in industrial facilities such as oil, natural gas, concrete, paints and coatings, electronics, and military equipment. Corrosion inhibitors (CIs) and volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCIs) are applied in diverse forms such as powders, pellets, aqueous, or solvent solutions and in impregnated papers; closed in pouches and sachets; and added to coatings. Natural CIs are extracted by water or organic solvents from suitable plants. They represent the advanced trends of corrosion management based on green chemistry.
Effect of Slip and Convective Boundary Conditions on Entropy Generation in a Porous Channel due to Micropolar Fluid Flow
Authors: Srinivasacharya D. , Himabindu K. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article presents the effect of convective heating and velocity slip on flow generation of an incompressible micropolar fluid through a porous channel. The flow is induced by a constant axial pressure gradient applied in the flow direction. The non-linear governing equations are linearized using the quasilinearization technique and then solved by Chebyshev spectral collocation method. The numerical values of the velocity, microrotation and temperature are used to derive the corresponding entropy generation number and Bejan number within the porous channel. The influences of pertinent parameters on velocity, microrotation, temperature, entropy generation and Bejan number are discussed through graphs. It is observed that the convective heating tends to increase the entropy generation within the channel.
Composite Absorber in Collision Simulations of a Bus
Authors: Sháněl Vít , Španiel Miroslav 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper details the numerical modeling of composite absorbers and an assessment of the influence of such deformation elements on a bus during frontal collision with a car. The absorber itself is designed as an assembly of thin-walled composite wound tubes oriented in the vehicle direction of travel. During the impact the tubes are crushed, causing energy absorption. Crash simulations were performed at various speeds using differing scenarios with the deformational member as well as without it. Comparative diagrams of force and velocity of the car and deformation of the bus structure were assessed
Joint Shaft Test Stand
Authors: Pakosta Jiří , Achtenová Gabriela 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article focuses on description of design of the test stand for shafts with universal joints and constant velocity joints. The shafts can be loaded by torque at specified speed of rotation, while retaining the possibility of setting a variable angle between input and output. All shafts are instrumented with contactless signal transmission. In addition, ventilator simulates the cooling derived from the driving speed.
Some Selected Legal Aspects of the Activity Rules in Relation to the Financial Agent´s Clients
Authors: Slezáková Andrea 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The activities of financial agents deserve our attention as we can currently observe their growing share on the intermediation of financial services. The quantity of products and services offered by financial market segments requires a continuous education and the monitoring of the current legislation. Financial agents help their clients to find a financial product, which fulfills their specific needs. The client´s decision depends on the extent of the information a financial agent provides to him. The legislator imposes an obligation to act when performing financial intermediation in compliance with the principles of fair business relations, with professional care and in the interest of rights and legitimate interests of a client. However, the legislation does not define these terms. This paper aims to outline and analyze procedures in order to perform financial intermediation in accordance with regulatory requirements.
Strategic analysis methods and their influence on stability and development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Czech Republic
Authors: Straková Jarmila 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Strategic analysis of business environment influences the growing efficiency, stability, and sustainability of enterprises. The entry is aimed at analyzing internal and external strategic methods between profit-making and non-profit-making enterprises from the perspective of their sector differentiation and size categorization focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises. The entry highlights the managers’ knowledge of the individual methods and their usability in business practice. The research was conducted based on a sample of 456 enterprises from the entire Czech Republic using a Student’s T-test of the differences of two percentages and the Fisher’s exact test. The conclusion of the entry is dedicated to the results of the tests, as well as new trends that are used in the area of strategic analysis and which have been indicated as a part of the set of tested enterprises.
Productivity of Czech logistic firms: quality orientation, entrants and multinationals
Authors: Vokoun Marek 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe paper analyses logistics industry in Czech Republic and analyzes clusters and groups of one hundred companies that were active in the market in 2014. Analysis is based on the economic theory of endogenous growth and technological spillovers of multinational firms. They have the know-how and technology, which makes them more productive than local firms which tries to catch up the leaders and try to get as much knowledge as possible. This paper contributes to this theory. Key findings for this transitional economy is that quality certification is not beneficial for labor productivity and earnings, there are differences among multinational firms in terms of output efficiency and they are on average more productive than local firms, older firms are less productive than younger, but entrants are not more profitable than older firms.
Multistep Cylindrical Structure Analysis at Normal Incidence Based on Water-Substrate Broadband Metamaterial Absorbers
Authors: Fang Chonghua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA new multistep cylindrical structure based on water-substrate broadband metamaterial absorbers is designed to reduce the traditional radar cross-section (RCS) of a rod-shaped object. The proposed configuration consists of two distinct parts. One of these components is formed by a four-step cylindrical metal structure, whereas the other one is formed by a new water-substrate broadband metamaterial absorber. The designed structure can significantly reduce the radar cross section more than 10 dB from 4.58 to 18.42 GHz which is the 86.5 % bandwidth of from C-band to 20 GHz. The results of measurement show reasonably good accordance with the simulated ones, which verifies the ability and effect of the proposed design.
Encoding of Spatial Attention by Primate Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Ensembles
Authors: Backen Theda , Treue Stefan , Martinez-Trujillo Julio C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSingle neurons in the primate lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) encode information about the allocation of visual attention and the features of visual stimuli. However, how this compares to the performance of neuronal ensembles at encoding the same information is poorly understood. Here, we recorded the responses of neuronal ensembles in the LPFC of two macaque monkeys while they performed a task that required attending to one of two moving random dot patterns positioned in different hemifields and ignoring the other pattern. We found single units selective for the location of the attended stimulus as well as for its motion direction. To determine the coding of both variables in the population of recorded units, we used a linear classifier and progressively built neuronal ensembles by iteratively adding units according to their individual performance (best single units), or by iteratively adding units based on their contribution to the ensemble performance (best ensemble). For both methods, ensembles of relatively small sizes (n< 60) yielded substantially higher decoding performance relative to individual single units. However, the decoder reached similar performance using fewer neurons with the best ensemble building method compared with the best single units method. Our results indicate that neuronal ensembles within the LPFC encode more information about the attended spatial and nonspatial features of visual stimuli than individual neurons. They further suggest that efficient coding of attention can be achieved by relatively small neuronal ensembles characterized by a certain relationship between signal and noise correlation structures.
Meis1 Coordinates Cerebellar Granule Cell Development by Regulating Pax6 Transcription, BMP Signaling and Atoh1 Degradation
Authors: Owa Tomoo , Taya Shinichiro , Miyashita Satoshi , Yamashita Mariko , Adachi Toma , Yamada Koyo , Yokoyama Miwa , Aida Shogo , Nishioka Tomoki , Inoue Yukiko U. , Goitsuka Ryo , Nakamura Takuro , Inoue Takayoshi , Kaibuchi Kozo , Hoshino Mikio 
Published: January 2018

Cerebellar granule cell precursors (GCPs) and granule cells (GCs) represent good models to study neuronal development. Here, we report that the transcription factor myeloid ectopic viral integration site 1 homolog (Meis1) plays pivotal roles in the regulation of mouse GC development. We found that Meis1 is expressed in GC lineage cells and astrocytes in the cerebellum during development. Targeted disruption of the Meis1 gene specifically in the GC lineage resulted in smaller cerebella with disorganized lobules. Knock-down/knock-out (KO) experiments for Meis1 andin vitroassays showed that Meis1 binds to an upstream sequence of Pax6 to enhance its transcription in GCPs/GCs and also suggested that the Meis1–Pax6 cascade regulates morphology of GCPs/GCs during development. In the conditional KO (cKO) cerebella, many Atoh1-positive GCPs were observed ectopically in the inner external granule layer (EGL) and a similar phenomenon was observed in cultured cerebellar slices treated with a bone morphogenic protein (BMP) inhibitor. Furthermore, expression of Smad proteins and Smad phosphorylation were severely reduced in the cKO cerebella and Meis1-knock-down GCPs cerebella. Reduction of phosphorylated Smad was also observed in cerebellar slices electroporated with a Pax6 knock-down vector. Because it is known that BMP signaling induces Atoh1 degradation in GCPs, these findings suggest that the Meis1–Pax6 pathway increases the expression of Smad proteins to upregulate BMP signaling, leading to degradation of Atoh1 in the inner EGL, which contributes to differentiation from GCPs to GCs. Therefore, this work reveals crucial functions of Meis1 in GC development and gives insights into the general understanding of the molecular machinery underlying neural differentiation from neural progenitors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe report that myeloid ectopic viral integration site 1 homolog (Meis1) plays pivotal roles in the regulation of mouse granule cell (GC) development. Here, we show Meis1 is expressed in GC precursors (GCPs) and GCs during development. Our knock-down and conditional knock-out (cKO) experiments andin vitroassays revealed that Meis1 is required for proper cerebellar structure formation and forPax6transcription in GCPs and GCs. The Meis1–Pax6 cascade regulates the morphology of GCs. In the cKO cerebella, Smad proteins and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling are severely reduced and Atoh1-expressing GCPs are ectopically detected in the inner external granule layer. These findings suggest that Meis1 regulates degradation of Atoh1 via BMP signaling, contributing to GC differentiation in the inner EGL, and should provide understanding into GC development.
Estimating Barriers to Gene Flow from Distorted Isolation-by-Distance Patterns
Authors: Ringbauer Harald , Kolesnikov Alexander , Field David L , Barton Nicholas H 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRingbauer et al. introduce a novel method to estimate barriers to gene flow in a two-dimensional population. Their inference scheme utilizes geographically...In continuous populations with local migration, nearby pairs of individuals have on average more similar genotypes than geographically well-separated pairs. A barrier to gene flow distorts this classical pattern of isolation by distance. Genetic similarity is decreased for sample pairs on different sides of the barrier and increased for pairs on the same side near the barrier. Here, we introduce an inference scheme that uses this signal to detect and estimate the strength of a linear barrier to gene flow in two dimensions. We use a diffusion approximation to model the effects of a barrier on the geographic spread of ancestry backward in time. This approach allows us to calculate the chance of recent coalescence and probability of identity by descent. We introduce an inference scheme that fits these theoretical results to the geographic covariance structure of bialleleic genetic markers. It can estimate the strength of the barrier as well as several demographic parameters. We investigate the power of our inference scheme to detect barriers by applying it to a wide range of simulated data. We also showcase an example application to an Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) flower-color hybrid zone, where we do not detect any signal of a strong genome-wide barrier to gene flow.
Análisis comparativo de dos técnicas para el transporte vertical de la luz natural
Authors: Ramírez González Gerardo , Orozco Muñoz Sebastián 
Published: January 2018

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo primordial comparar y establecer las relaciones de efectividad entre dos técnicas de diseño para el transporte vertical de la luz natural en el interior de las edificaciones. En primer lugar, se diseñó, construyó y utilizó un equipo experimental tipo concentrador domótico, con distribución a través de fibra óptica hacia un espacio interior sin ninguna iluminación natural tradicional, para monitorizar su efectividad por medio de un luxómetro digital y un recopilador de datos (Datalogger)de entrada múltiple. En segundo lugar, se monitorizó el rendimiento lumínico de un lucernario tradicional durante un periodo de seis meses. Finalmente, se realizó un estudio por medio de la Simulación Generada por Computadora (SGC), para establecer la relación entre las proporciones tridimensionales de los ductos de luz y la tasa de degradación de la iluminancia obtenida en el interior del espacio arquitectónico. En términos de resultados, el sistema de iluminación natural por fibra óptica (SINFO) no alcanza la efectividad lumínica del lucernario, sin embargo, presenta un rendimiento más uniforme y constante. La idea central es utilizar un criterio de comparación validado, tal como el factor de aprovechamiento de luz diurna (Daylight Factor) y otras métricas complementarias, para establecer una relación básica de efectividad entre ambas técnicas. Por último, se establecen recomendaciones de diseño con relación a la utilización de cada una de las técnicas.
Mobile gaming and problematic smartphone use: A comparative study between Belgium and Finland
Authors: Lopez-Fernandez Olatz , Männikkö Niko , Kääriäinen Maria , Griffiths Mark D. , Kuss Daria J. 
Published: January 2018

Background and aims
Gaming applications have become one of the main entertainment features on smartphones, and this could be potentially problematic in terms of dangerous, prohibited, and dependent use among a minority of individuals. A cross-national study was conducted in Belgium and Finland. The aim was to examine the relationship between gaming on smartphones and self-perceived problematic smartphone use via an online survey to ascertain potential predictors.

Methods
The Short Version of the Problematic Mobile Phone Use Questionnaire (PMPUQ-SV) was administered to a sample comprising 899 participants (30% male; age range: 18–67 years).

Results
Good validity and adequate reliability were confirmed regarding the PMPUQ-SV, especially the dependence subscale, but low prevalence rates were reported in both countries using the scale. Regression analysis showed that downloading, using Facebook, and being stressed contributed to problematic smartphone use. Anxiety emerged as predictor for dependence. Mobile games were used by one-third of the respective populations, but their use did not predict problematic smartphone use. Very few cross-cultural differences were found in relation to gaming through smartphones.

Conclusion
Findings suggest mobile gaming does not appear to be problematic in Belgium and Finland.
Safety Profile of Biosimilar Filgrastim (Zarzio/Zarxio): A Combined Analysis of Phase III Studies
Authors: Harbeck Nadia , Gascón Pere , Krendyukov Andriy , Hoebel Nadja , Gattu Sreekanth , Blackwell Kimberly 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Evaluation of adverse events (AEs) in pivotal registration trials and ongoing postmarketing surveillance is important for all biologics, including biosimilars. A combined analysis of two pivotal registration studies was performed to strengthen evidence on safety for biosimilar filgrastim EP2006 in patients with breast cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy, a sensitive clinical setting to confirm biosimilarity of filgrastim.

Materials and Methods
Data were combined from two phase III studies of biosimilar filgrastim EP2006. The U.S. registration study was a randomized, double-blind comparison of biosimilar and reference filgrastim in women aged ≥18 years with breast cancer, receiving (neo)adjuvant treatment with TAC (docetaxel + doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide). The European Union registration study was a single-arm, open-label study of biosimilar filgrastim in women aged ≥18 years with breast cancer receiving doxorubicin + docetaxel. Patients received filgrastim as a subcutaneous injection on day 2 of each cycle for &lt;14 days or until the absolute neutrophil count reached 10 × 109/L after the expected nadir. Results were combined for cycles 1–4.

Results
A total of 277 patients received biosimilar filgrastim EP2006. Patients had a mean (± standard deviation) age of 51.1 (± 10.8) years, and 78.7% of patients had stage II or III breast cancer. A total of 46 (20.6%) patients receiving biosimilar filgrastim had AEs considered filgrastim-related. The most frequently reported filgrastim-related AEs were musculoskeletal or connective tissue disorders (15.2%), including bone pain (7.2%). One death (due to pulmonary embolism) occurred of a patient receiving biosimilar filgrastim (not considered filgrastim-related). No patient developed antidrug antibodies during the study.

Conclusion
Biosimilar filgrastim has a safety profile consistent with previous filgrastim studies and is effective in preventing febrile neutropenia in patients with breast cancer.

Implications for Practice
The biosimilar filgrastim EP2006 (Zarzio, Zarxio, biosimilar filgrastim-sndz) has been approved in Europe since 2009 and in the U.S. since 2015. This combined analysis of two phase III studies provides additional clinical evidence that the biosimilar filgrastim EP2006 has a safety profile consistent with previous studies of reference filgrastim and supports large postmarketing studies of EP2006 in Europe. Strengthening the evidence for biosimilar filgrastim can help improve acceptance of biosimilars and increase patient access to biologics.
Effect of dihydroartemisinin and its disulphide derivative on biochemical, histological and hematological parameters in rat.
Authors: Etim Emanuel I. , Udoh Imoh E. , Udobang John A. , Usen Iniobong L. 
Published: January 2018

Introduction: The disulphide derivative of dihydroartemisinin was synthesized and confirmed of being effective against Plasmodium berghei berghei, some gramme positive bacteria and fungi.
Objective: The study was designed to compare the effect of the synthesized disulphide derivative of dihydroartemisinin with pure dihydroartemisinin on biochemical, histological and hematological parameters.
Method: Doses of 10%, 20% and 30% of the LD50 of pure dihydroartemisinin and its disulphide derivatives were orally administered to each group of rat for 14 days. On the 14th day, the rats were sacrificed, and blood collected by cardiac puncture was used for hematological and biochemical studies. The liver and kidney were removed, weighed and preserved in 10% formalin for histopathology studies.
Results: Using Lork’s method, the LD50 for pure dihydroartemisinin was 547.72 mg/kg while the disulfide derivative was 346.41mg/kg. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the concentrations of hematological parameters in treated rats from those of the control group. There was a dose dependent increase in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the treated groups. The cells of the liver and kidney were slightly affected by all the doses of dihydroartemisinin and moderately by the disulphide derivative.
Conclusion: The toxicity of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and its disulphide derivative (SDHA) are almost the same, making the SDHA not too toxic for animals. The effect of SDHA on the liver, kidney and hematological parameters are more than those of DHA, however they are within tolerated range. Clinical and therapeutic effectiveness should determine the comparative advantages of the newly synthesized SDHA over DHA and vise versa.